bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELAÇÃO DA MORFOMETRIA E COMPETIÇÃO COM O CRESCIMENTO DE Trichilia claussenii EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA SEMIDECIDUAL, RS
Authors: Da Silveira Bruna Denardin , Floriano Eduardo Pagel , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi , Rosot Nelson Carlos , Gracioli Cibele Rosa 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a relação de variáveis morfométricas e de índices de competição com o crescimento em diâmetro de Trichilia claussenii, em um fragmento da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos de 29 árvores amostradas por classe diamétrica, denominadas árvores centrais, com diâmetro à altura do peito (d) igual ou superior a 10,0 centímetros, distribuídas em 51 parcelas permanentes, totalizando 0,51 hectares. Cada árvore central teve as seguintes variáveis mensuradas: altura total e altura comercial do fuste, diâmetro à altura do peito, diâmetro da copa e comprimento de copa. Posteriormente, calcularam-se alguns parâmetros morfométricos, assim como alguns índices de competição dependentes e independentes da distância. A análise de correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão foram utilizadas para verificar a relação entre as variáveis morfométricas, os índices de competição e o incremento em diâmetro. Concluiu-se que existe associação entre o incremento em diâmetro de Trichilia claussenii e a competição, sendo que o crescimento em diâmetro possui maior relação com o índice Bal de competição.Palavras-chave: Catiguá; floresta nativa; biometria florestal. AbstractRelationship of morphometry and competition with growth of Trichilia claussenii in fragment of Semidecidual Forest, RS. This study aimed to determine the relationship of morphometric variables and indices of competition with the growth in diameter of Trichilia claussenii, in a fragment of semideciduous forest in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The data used in this study were obtained from 29 sampled trees by diameter class, called central trees with diameter at breast height (d) not less than 10.0 cm, from 51 permanent plots, totaling 0.51 ha. Each central tree had measured the following variables: total height and commercial height, stem diameter at breast height, crown diameter and crown length. Subsequently, it was calculated some morphometric parameters, as well as some competition indexes dependent and independent of distance. The Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to verify the relationship between the morphometric variables, competition indexes and diameter increment. It was concluded that there is an association between the increase in diameter of Trichilia claussenii and competition, where the growth in diameter has a greater relationship with Bal index of competition.Keywords: Catigua; native forest; forest biometrics.
RESGATE E PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE Sequoia sempervirens
Authors: Navroski Márcio Carlos , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira , Hess André Felipe , Silvestre Raul , Ângelo Alessandro Camargo , Fazzini Amanda Johann , Alvarenga Allan Antunes 
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se com o estudo verificar resgate vegetativo, enraizamento de estacas e adaptação das mudas enraizadas em sistema de minijardim clonal de Sequoia sempervirens. Realizou-se a decepa de cinco indivíduos com 20 anos de idade e após foi contabilizada a capacidade de emissão de brotações. Com as brotações, foram confeccionadas estacas, as quais foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de ácido indolacético (AIA) (0, 2000, 4000 e 6000 mg.L-1). Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de enraizamento e o número e comprimento de raízes 160 dias após o estaqueamento. O experimento foi instalado em DIC, com 5 repetições de 10 estacas. Após a formação das mudas com as estacas enraizadas, elas foram transplantadas para vasos, para a formação do minijardim clonal. O resgate vegetativo através da decepa de árvores apresentou potencialidade para produção de estacas de sequoia e revigoramento do material. O uso entre 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1 de AIA aumentou a porcentagem de enraizamento e também o número e comprimento de raízes formadas. O minijardim clonal de sequoia mostrou ser uma boa opção para a multiplicação clonal da espécie. A clonagem da sequoia pode auxiliar tanto no melhoramento convencional como em plantios comerciais da espécie, principalmente no Sul do Brasil, local onde encontra condições adequadas para seu crescimento.Palavras-chave: Silvicultura clonal; coníferas; rejuvenescimento; minijardim clonal. AbstractRescue and vegetative propagation of Sequoia sempervirens. The objective of the study to verify the vegetative rescue, rooting cuttings and rooted plants adapt in mini-clonal hedge of Sequoia sempervirens system. Was held coppicing five individuals aged 20 years old and was recorded after the ability to shoot emission. Shoots with different concentrations of indole acetic acid were applied (IAA) (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg.L-1) in cuttings made by evaluating the percentage of rooting, number and length of roots 160 days after striking. The experiment was a completely randomized with five replicates of 10 cuttings. After the formation of seedlings with rooted cuttings, these were transplanted to pots for the formation of mini-clonal hedge. The vegetative rescue through coppicing trees showed potential for the production of cuttings sequoia and reinvigoration of the material. The use from 2000 to 4000 mg.L-1 IAA increased rooting percentage and the number and length of roots formed. The mini-clonal hedge of sequoia proved to be a good option for clonal multiplication of the species. Cloning of sequoia can help both conventional breeding and for commercial plantations of the species, especially in southern Brazil, where finds suitable conditions for their growth.Keywords: Clonal forestry; conifers; rejuvenation; mini-clonal hedge.
ENERGY BALANCE AND EFFICIENCY IN WOOD SAWDUST BRIQUETTES PRODUCTION
Authors: Vale Ailton Teixeira , Gentil Luiz Vicente 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnergy balance and efficiency for densified sawdust production. The industrial wood briquette making process is an alternative to add value to forestry waste and involves the compaction of sawdust at high pressure and temperature. The present study was performed in an industry in the state of Goiás, Brazil. All kinds of energy involved in the wood briquette manufacturing process were qualified and quantified, in all stages of the process. The methodology used was based on Cotrim (1992), Silva (2001), (BEN, 2007), Inconprera (2008) and NBR 8633. The total energy demand to produce one ton of Pinus wood briquettes using sawdust at 43.8% moisture was 435 kWh. When producing the same amount of briquettes at 11% humidity, this value fell to 101.66 kWh per ton. Thus, drying process of sawdust consumes 76.63% of all the energy used for manufacturing. The amount of energy required for the production of 1 ton of briquettes corresponds to 10.8% (wet sawdust) and 4.37% (dry sawdust) of the energy contained in this one ton of briquettes.Keywords: Wood densification; industry of briquette; energy. ResumoEficiência e balanço energético na fabricação de briquetes de madeira. A briquetagem é uma alternativa para agregar valor a resíduos de origem agro florestal e consiste na compactação da serragem a elevadas pressões e temperatura. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma indústria no estado de Goiás, onde foram quantificadas e caracterizadas todas as energias envolvidas no processo de fabricação de briquete em todas as etapas do processo industrial. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em Cotrim (2003), Silva (2001), Brasil (2007), Inconprera (2008), ABNT (1984). A unidade utilizada foi kWh/t de briquete fabricado. A demanda total de energia para fabricar uma tonelada de briquete a partir de serragem de Pinus com 43,8% de umidade foi de 435 kWh/t. Quando se fabrica a mesma a quantidade de briquetes agora com umidade de 11%, este valor cai para 101,66 kWh/t. Assim, a secagem da serragem consome 76,63% de toda energia de fabricação. Entretanto com a serragem a 11% de umidade a maior demanda de energia eletricidade, com 64,06%. A energia necessária para produzir uma tonelada de briquete com serragem úmida (43,8%) corresponde a 10,8% da energia contida nesta 1 tonelada de briquete e com serragem seca a 4,37%.Palavras-chave: Briquetagem de madeira; indústria de briquete; energia.
The e-commerce international consumer contract in the European Union
Authors: Gonçalves Anabela Susana de Sousa 
Published: July 2015

Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) adapts the rule laid down in the Rome Convention regarding international consumer contracts, to take into account the requirements of the consumer protection in an international contract, as the weaker party, and the demands of electronic commerce. Article 6 determines the types of international contract protected and establishes the mechanisms to protect the consumer. However, the legal provision in question is not free from complications and requires an effort of interpretation to adjust the rule to the diffuse nature of the internet and to the characteristics of electronic commerce. This paper identifies the difficulties of application of the provision to e-commerce and discusses the interpretative options of the European Union Court of Justice (ECJ).
Efficacy of WHO recommendation for continued breastfeeding and maternal cART for prevention of perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in Zambia
Authors: Ngoma Mary S , Misir Amita , Mutale Wilbroad , Rampakakis Emmanuoil , Sampalis John S , Elong Angela , Chisele Sam , Mwale Abel , Mwansa Jonathan K , Mumba Scholastica , Chandwe Mula , Pilon Richard , Sandstrom Paul , Wu Samantha , Yee Kristen , Silverman Michael S 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionTo prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developing countries, new World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend maternal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during pregnancy, throughout breastfeeding for 1 year and then cessation of breastfeeding (COB). The efficacy of this approach during the first six months of exclusive breastfeeding has been demonstrated, but the efficacy of this approach beyond six months is not well documented.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of 279 HIV‐positive mothers was started on zidovudine/3TC and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets between 14 and 30 weeks gestation and continued indefinitely thereafter. Women were encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for six months, complementary feed for the next six months and then cease breastfeeding between 12 and 13 months. Infants were followed for transmission to 18 months and for survival to 24 months. Text message reminders and stipends for food and transport were utilized to encourage adherence and follow‐up.ResultsTotal MTCT was 9 of 219 live born infants (4.1%; confidence interval (CI) 2.2–7.6%). All breastfeeding transmissions that could be timed (5/5) occurred after six months of age. All mothers who transmitted after six months had a six‐month plasma viral load >1,000 copies/ml (p<0.001). Poor adherence to cART as noted by missed dispensary visits was associated with transmission (p=0.04). Infant mortality was lower after six months of age than during the first six months of life (p=0.02). The cumulative rate of infant HIV infection or death at 18 months was 29/226 (12.8% 95 CI: 7.5–20.8%).ConclusionsMaternal cART may limit MTCT of HIV to the UNAIDS target of <5% for eradication of paediatric HIV within the context of a clinical study, but poor adherence to cART and follow‐up can limit the benefit. Continued breastfeeding can prevent the rise in infant mortality after six months seen in previous studies, which encouraged early COB.
Enhancement of the power conversion efficiency for inverted organic photovoltaic devices due to the localized surface plasmonic resonant effect of Au nanoparticles embedded in ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Yong Hun , Kim Dae Hun , Lee Dea Uk , Li Fushan , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The absorption spectra and input photon-to-converted current efficiency curves showed that Au nanoparticles increased the plasmonic broadband light absorption, thereby enhancing the short-circuit current density of the inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with a Au–ZnO nanocomposite electron transport layer (ETL). The power conversion efficiency of the inverted OPV cell fabricated with a Au–ZnO nanocomposite ETL was higher by 40% than that of the inverted OPV cell fabricated with a ZnO nanoparticle ETL, which could be attributed to the enhanced photon absorption in the active layer due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance of the Au nanoparticles.
Surface activated bonding between bulk single crystal diamond and bulk aluminum
Authors: Fujino Masahisa , Hosoda Naoe , Suga Tadatomo , Ishikawa Nobuhiro , Kuwayama Naoki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Direct bonding between single crystal diamond and bulk aluminum was successfully achieved by surface activated bonding in vacuum at room temperature. The resultant interface was observed by transmission electron microscopy. During the surface activation process, the surface of the diamond was disordered by argon fast atom bombardment. Consequently, a defect structure of the diamond with a width of 5.8 nm was observed at the bonded interface. According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 26% of the diamond exhibited induced radiation damage as a defect diamond layer; however the rest remained as intrinsic diamond.
Does IFRS 13 Improve the Disclosure of the Fair Value Measurement?
Authors: Busso Donatella 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of an empirical analysis on the disclosure of the fair value measurement in the real estate sector following the introduction of IFRS 13. Fair value is an important criterion for IFRSs with many uses stated by different standards and over the years an intense debate has arisen about both the usefulness of fair value and its definition. In 2011 the IASB issued a new standard about fair value, its definition, its measurement and the related disclosure. The effective date of IFRS 13 was 1st January 2013. The introduction of IFRS 13 is an opportunity to verify the state of art of the application of fair value as a subsequent measurement. Furthermore, the paper aims at verifying whether the introduction of IFRS 13 leads to an improvement in the disclosure reported in the notes. Focusing on investment properties, the paper aims at verifying the effects of the first application of IFRS 13 in the real estate sector, by means of an empirical research of Italian, French and German groups listed on the Stock Exchange. A total of 1,343 items were hand collected. The results show that the fair value model is used in 75% of cases of real estate companies which held investment properties. Disclosures about fair value measurement required by IFRS 13 are reported by many entities, but there are still companies not compliant with the new requirements.
Epidemiologic Analysis of a Postelimination Measles Outbreak in Central Ohio, 2022-2023
Authors: Martoma Rosemary A. , Washam Matthew , Omar Hinda , Martoma Ava R. , De Souza Randal , Kumar Sagar , Sege Robert D. , Ricotta Emily E. , Majumder Maimuna S. 
Published: August 2024

ImportancePostelimination outbreaks threaten nearly a quarter century of measles elimination in the US. Understanding these dynamics is essential for maintaining the nation’s measles elimination status.ObjectiveTo examine the demographic characteristics and transmission dynamics of the 2022 to 2023 central Ohio measles outbreak.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used electronic medical records and publicly available measles reports within an extensive central Ohio primary care network involving inpatient and outpatient settings. Participants included 90 children in Ohio with confirmed measles cases in 2022.ExposureThe exposure of interest was confirmed measles cases in Ohio in 2022. This included 5 internationally imported cases and 85 locally acquired cases.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome involved documenting and analyzing confirmed measles cases in Ohio in 2022, focusing on demographic characteristics, immunization status, and transmission links in outbreak-related cases.ResultsThis study analyzed 90 measles cases (47 [52.2%] male participants) in Ohio during 2022. Most participants self-identified as African or American Black (72 [80.0%]), with additional race categories including Asian, Hispanic, multirace (6 [6.7%]), White, and unknown (6 [6.7%]). Most participants were of Somali descent (64 [71.1%]), with additional ethnicity categories including American (16 [17.8%]), Guatemalan, Nepali, and unknown (6 [6.7%]). Participants were predominantly younger than 6 years (86 [95.5%]), unimmunized (89 [98.9%]), and resided in Franklin County, Ohio (83 [92.2%]). Prior to November 20, 2022, all cases occurred among unimmunized children of Somali descent in the Columbus area. Nosocomial superspreading events expanded the outbreak beyond the initially affected community.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of measles cases in Ohio during 2022 found that the outbreak primarily affected unimmunized children of Somali descent, highlighting the necessity for culturally tailored public health strategies to maintain measles elimination in the US. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions and enhancing community engagement to increase vaccination rates.
Injurious Fall Risk Differences Among Older Adults With First-Line Depression Treatments
Authors: Wang Grace Hsin-Min , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Goodin Amie J. , Reise Rachel C. , Shorr Ronald I. , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceOne-third of older adults in the US have depression, often treated with psychotherapy and antidepressants. Previous studies suggesting an increased risk of falls and related injuries (FRI) associated with antidepressant use may be affected by confounding by indication or immortal time bias.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between FRI risk and first-line treatments in older adults with depression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used a target trial emulation framework with a cloning-censoring-weighting approach with Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2019. Participants included fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with newly diagnosed depression. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024.ExposuresFirst-line depression treatments including psychotherapy, sertraline, escitalopram, citalopram, mirtazapine, duloxetine, trazodone, fluoxetine, bupropion, paroxetine, and venlafaxine.Main Outcome and MeasureOne-year FRI rate, restricted mean survival time (RMST), and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% CI.ResultsAmong 101 953 eligible beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 76 [8] years), 63 344 (62.1%) were female, 7404 (7.3%) were Black individuals, and 81 856 (80.3%) were White individuals. Compared with the untreated group, psychotherapy use was not associated with FRI risk (aHR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.82-1.17]), while other first-line antidepressants were associated with a decreased FRI risk (aHR ranged from 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89] for bupropion to 0.83 [95% CI, 0.67-0.98] for escitalopram). The FRI incidence ranged from 63 (95% CI, 53-75) per 1000 person-year for those treated with bupropion to 87 (95% CI, 83-90) per 1000 person-year for those who were untreated. The RMST ranged from 349 (95% CI, 346-350) days for those who were untreated to 353 (95% CI, 350-356) days for those treated with bupropion.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of older Medicare beneficiaries with depression, first-line antidepressants were associated with a decreased FRI risk compared with untreated individuals. These findings provide valuable insights into their safety profiles, aiding clinicians in their consideration for treating depression in older adults.
NIR‐II‐Responsive Hybrid System Achieves Cascade‐Augmented Antitumor Immunity via Genetic Engineering of Both Bacteria and Tumor Cells
Authors: Dai Xiaoguang , Liu Zhiwen , Zhao Xiaoyi , Guo Kangli , Ding Xiaokang , Xu Fu‐Jian , Zhao Nana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe combination of nanoparticles and tumor‐targeting bacteria for cancer immunotherapy can overcome the shortcomings of poor nanoparticle accumulation, limited penetration, and restricted distribution. However, it remains a great challenge for the hybrid system to improve therapeutic efficacy through the simultaneous and controllable regulation of immune cells and tumor cells. Herein, a hybrid therapeutic platform is rationally designed to achieve immune cascade‐augmented cancer immunotherapy. To construct the hybrids, photothermal nanoparticles responsive to light in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region are conjugated onto the surface of engineered bacteria through pH‐responsive Schiff base bonds. Taking advantage of the hypoxia targeting and deep penetration characteristics of the bacteria, the hybrids can accumulate at tumor sites. Then nanoparticles detach from the bacteria to realize genetic engineering of tumor cells, which induces tumor cell apoptosis and down‐regulate the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 to alleviate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The mild photothermal heating can not only induce tumor‐associated antigen release, but also trigger sustainable expression of cytokine interleukin‐2. Notably, a synergistic antitumor effect is achieved between the process of p53 transfection and NIR‐II light‐activated genetic engineering of bacteria. This work proposes a facile strategy for the construction of hybrid system to achieve cascade‐augmented cancer immunotherapy.
Recent Advances in the A‐Site Cation Engineering of Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Ma Yunxiu , Wang Yu , Fang Yueyue , Jiang Yu , Dai Zhigao , Miao Jinshui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskite (LHP) have gained considerable research attention for their numerous photoelectric applications attributed to their ease of processability and distinctive photoelectric properties. A‐site cation engineering provides an effective solution to optimize the bandgap further, enhance stability, and improve the photoelectric properties of LHP materials. In this review, an in‐depth examination of the progress achieved in the field of A‐site cation engineering on the structure, properties, synthesis methods, and photoelectric applications of LHP is presented. It is discussed how A‐site cations can change the crystal structure and improve the crystal quality, and how the A‐site cation regulates the bandgap, enhances stability, and promotes effective charge transport. Further, synthesis strategy is presented to regulate the A‐site cation. Subsequently, the applications of A‐site cation‐regulated LHP materials in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers are introduced. Finally, challenges that must be overcome to further improve the properties and stability of LHP materials via A‐site cation engineering are highlighted.