bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodied Cognition
Authors: Laurence Stephen , Margolis Eric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the view that embodied cognition undermines rationalist approaches to the origins of concepts, focusing on three different strands in embodied cognition research: the view that concept acquisition varies with a learner’s body type, that human action can often be explained without postulating rich internal representations and representational processes, and that concepts are realized in sensorimotor and affective systems and shouldn’t be understood as amodal representations. We argue that it is important not to overestimate the role that the body plays in shaping cognition. Just as importantly, we show that the core idea behind embodied cognition is not only compatible with concept nativism but greatly improved when developed in the context of an overall rationalist framework. These points are illustrated with examples involving the representation of physical objects, emotions, physical formidability, tools, and actions involving the human hand.
Introduction
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an introduction to ancient Greek Underworld scenes and the contexts in which they appear. It presents the book’s approach and argument that Underworld scenes use a type of intertextuality called hypertextual poetics to embed authorial commentary by providing additional, necessary information to both characters and audiences. For example, an author might place a reference to Sisyphus or the Isles of the Blessed to introduce the ideas of afterlife judgment, cosmic justice, and rewards after death for special individuals. Additionally, this chapter discusses the role of audiences and their power as collaborators with the author in interpreting Underworld scenes and their relationships to other narratives. Finally, this chapter gives short summaries of the arguments and case studies discussed in the rest of the book.
The Synoptic Underworld
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines the earliest Greek Underworld scenes and defines the key terms of the book, such as hypertextuality, intertextuality, chronotope, hypertextual poetics, and para-narrative. This chapter also introduces the theoretical frameworks underlying the methodology of this book, arguing that Underworld scenes are embedded narratives that function similarly in different literary and artistic contexts by relying on intertextual connections to other Underworld scenes. After giving an overview of the types of Underworld scenes, their common motifs, their ubiquity across genres, and the different strategies scholars have used to explain them, this chapter ends with a discussion about how authors use Underworld scenes to engage with audiences as partners in reinforcing and challenging beliefs related to ancient religion, heroism, death, and humanity.
Afterlife Poetics and Homer’s Heroic Underworlds
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes heroic Underworld scenes in the Homeric epics, which portray heroes and their afterlives. By exploring the inner workings of heroic Underworld scenes and how they relate to each other, this chapter reveals interconnections between the many Homeric afterlife narratives in the Iliad and Odyssey. The analysis also offers new insights into how epic poetry engages with their immediate contexts and audiences over time. Underworld scenes in the Homeric epics give the earliest indication of how authors used Underworlds to build intertextual networks with traditional myths and religious beliefs. These scenes also show how individual authors situated their stories in a larger discourse across works in order to define the value of heroes and heroism in epic poetry and early Greek culture more broadly.
Becoming Blessed and Underworlds of Judgment
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 traces the development of Underworld scenes in the late Archaic period featuring afterlife judgment. The Theogony and Works and Days by Hesiod and the Homeric Hymn to Demeter each portray the Underworld as having a physical and moral space with souls segregated into different geographic regions based on the concept of “blessedness.” Such Underworld scenes are often prescriptive and didactic, trying to influence how their audiences act during life by giving specific instructions and showing different outcomes for souls after death. Underworld scenes of judgment emphasize the role of supernatural judges and often feature special mortals, such as Tantalus, Sisyphus, and the heroes either living on the Isles of the Blessed or receiving afterlife favors through initiation into mystery cults like the Eleusinian Mysteries. This chapter shows how Underworld scenes of judgment shift religious beliefs, reinforce cultural norms, and reflect ongoing debates about the eschatological impact of one’s actions.
Crafting Heroic Blessedness through Underworld Scenes
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the use of Underworld scenes to promote the increasingly dominant vision of a sentient afterlife with persistent identity and status across the life–death barrier. Early fifth-century bce poetry begins to privilege Underworld scenes with a tripartite hierarchy based on the idea of “blessedness.” In this view, a “negative” afterlife no longer meant one lacking awareness but rather one of punishment, while a “positive” afterlife held promises of reward with a special section reserved for heroes. This chapter explores how epinician poetry and mystery cults use Underworld scenes and different terms for “blessed” (e.g., olbios/makar) to heroize patrons and initiates, respectively. By using initiation and excellence in aristocratic competition or patronage as the criteria for access to a blessed afterlife, Underworld scenes in Pindar, Bacchylides, and the Orphic Gold Tablets reject the egalitarian afterlife of Homer’s Nekuia and begin to make heroic kleos and afterlife rewards accessible to regular individuals.
Plato’s Underworlds
Authors: Lye Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines Plato’s resistance to democratizing trends in afterlife depictions. This chapter argues that Plato uses Underworld scenes’ inherent hypertextual poetics to redefine heroism, arete, kleos, and blessedness. By evoking and reframing familiar Underworld scenes from Homer, Hesiod, and others, Plato establishes a new hierarchy of heroic blessedness based on an individual’s practice of philosophy rather than religious initiation or deeds in war. Plato, like authors before him, treats Underworld scenes as a site to engage in commentary on his society, using them as a special register of communication to illustrate and amplify his dialectic arguments in the Apology, Gorgias, Phaedo, and Republic. Plato creates a variety of Underworld scenes that contradict each other in their theological grounding but share the common purpose of promoting a philosophical lifestyle as the surest path toward afterlife blessedness.
Overview
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For repurposing to be salient as a major national movement, we must counter the human fascination with replacing the old with the new, as if there is an inherent value in this action. Repurposing may be a concept readers are well familiar with and integral to their daily life. Repurposing as a strategy, versus tearing down, may not be viewed as a practical choice, as in the case of Hitler’s birthplace in Braunau, Austria, for example. In 2023, this “house of evil,” after multiple decades of debate, was to be repurposed into a police station, causing a negative response from those wishing to keep it as is or to have it house social service programming. It is fair to say that most of us will not be confronted with this type of decision-making. Repurposing church buildings is not a recent phenomenon. Indeed, most Catholic churches in Rome, Italy, were the result of repurposing ancient Roman buildings. What goes around comes around!
Boston Case Illustration
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Case studies and illustrations help bring abstract concepts to life in a manner that is more easily grasped, allowing readers to apply key concepts to a real-life situation. A good case illustration supplies concrete examples in a narrative and more digestible form to enhance readability, allowing readers to absorb key points or lessons learned and making it more likely that they will be carried out in practice, which is the bottom line in a practice-oriented book. Further, when a case illustration is based upon a well-known city or community, it allows readers to bring their prior knowledge of the site to their appreciation of the key points raised in an illustration. The case illustration provided in this chapter involves the repurposing of the Blessed Sacrament Church in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston. It was undertaken by an urban practitioner (a social worker), and the project is still under way as this book goes to press. Readers with a particular interest in this repurposing project can follow along to see its ultimate outcome, including detours along the way.
Social Forces Shaping Church Closing Trends
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We must have a comprehensive grasp of urban church closings before embarking on repurposing interventions, as illustrated in the previous chapter. We need an in-depth knowledge foundation and concrete examples of these special buildings because of their complexities and symbolism in society. Capturing the extent of destruction of a moving tornado is certainly challenging, but that is what this book is trying to achieve. Grasping this urban environmental movement cannot be done in isolation from other ecological facets of the topic operative within and outside the United States, or from just a Snapchat moment in time. This chapter offers a multifaceted view of church closure trends and the major social forces shaping them, highlighting its broad national reach and implications for congregations and their communities. Church closures reshape major segments of the religious community and cities in the process. They leave remnants of a bygone era when religion reigned supreme and its buildings served as testimony of their power and influence locally and nationally, as in the case of the civil rights movement, for instance.
Implications for Research, Education, and Practice
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There is no question that urban community practice and church repurposing will necessitate dramatic changes in how we conduct research, practice, and educate future practitioners. All these aspects are required to bring a change in thinking when discussing church repurposing. The issues and recommendations raised in this final chapter represent but an initial start in this important transformative process. Church closures bring unprecedented rewards and challenges for the United States and particularly it’s urban centers.
Multimorbidity clusters potentially superior to individual diseases for stratifying fracture risk in older people: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Tran Thach , Bliuc Dana , Abrahamsen Bo , Chen Weiwen , Eisman John A , Hansen Louise , Vestergaard Peter , Nguyen Tuan V , Blank Robert D , Center Jacqueline R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Comorbidities are common in fracture patients, but the interaction between fracture and comorbidities remains unclear. This study aimed to define specific multimorbidity clusters in older adults and quantify the association between the multimorbidity clusters and fracture risk.

Methods
This nationwide cohort study includes 1.7 million adults in Denmark aged ≥50 years who were followed from 2001 through 2014 for an incident low-trauma fracture. Chronic diseases and fractures were identified from the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register. Latent class analysis and Cox’s regression were conducted to define the clusters and quantify fracture risk, respectively.

Results
The study included 793 815 men (age: 64 ± 10) and 873 524 women (65.5 ± 11), with a third having ≥1 chronic disease. The pre-existent chronic diseases grouped individuals into low-multimorbidity (80.3% in men, 83.6% in women), cardiovascular (12.5%, 10.6%), malignant (4.1%, 3.8%), diabetic (2.4%, 2.0%) and hepatic clusters (0.7%, men only). These clusters distinguished individuals with advanced, complex, or late-stage disease from those having earlier-stage disease. During a median follow-up of 14 years (IQR: 6.5, 14), 95 372 men and 212 498 women sustained an incident fracture. The presence of multimorbidity was associated with a significantly greater risk of fracture, independent of age and sex. Importantly, the multimorbidity clusters had the highest discriminative performance in assessing fracture risk, whereas the strength of their association with fracture risk equalled or exceeded that of both the individual chronic diseases most prevalent in each cluster and of counts-based comorbidity indices.

Conclusions
Future fracture prevention strategies should take comorbidities into account. Multimorbidity clusters may provide greater insight into fracture risk than individual diseases or counts-based comorbidity indices.
Pappus phenotypes and flight performance across evolutionary history in the daisy family
Authors: Costas Santiago M , Baranzelli Matías C , Giaquinta Adrián , Cocucci Andrea A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Diversity in pappus shapes and size in Asteraceae suggests an adaptive response to dispersion challenges adjusting diaspores to optimal phenotypic configurations. Here, by analysing the relationship among pappus–cypsela size relationships, flight performance and pappus types in an evolutionary context, we evaluate the role of natural selection acting on the evolution of diaspore configuration at a macro-ecological scale in the daisy family.

Methods
To link pappus–cypsela size relationships with flight performance we collected published data on these traits from 82 species. This allowed us to translate morphometric traits in flight performance for 150 species represented in a fully resolved backbone phylogeny of the daisy family. Through ancestral reconstructions and evolutionary model selection, we assessed whether flight performance was associated with and constrained by different pappus types. Additionally, we evaluated, through phylogenetic regressions, whether species with different pappus types exhibited evolutionary allometric pappus–cypsela size relationships.

Results
The setose pappus type had the highest flight performances and represented the most probable ancestral state in the family. Stepwise changes in pappus types independently led from setose to multiple instances of pappus loss with associated reduction in flight performance. Flight performance evolution was best modelled as constrained by five adaptive regimes represented by specific pappus types which correspond to specific optimal diaspore configurations that are distinct in pappus–cypsela allometric relationships.

Conclusions
Evolutionary modelling suggests natural selection as the main factor of diaspore configuration changes which proceeded towards five optima, often overcoming constraints imposed by allometric relationships and favouring evolution in certain directions. With the perspective that natural selection is the main process driving the observed patterns, various biotic and abiotic are suggested as principal drivers of transitions in diaspore configurations along space and time in the daisy family history. The results also allow discussion of evolutionary changes in a historical context.
Promoting inclusivity in ecology, evolution, and behavioral biology education through course-based undergraduate research experiences
Authors: Funkhouser Jake A , Gregory Megan , Sanz Crickette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Access to independent research experiences is a persistent barrier that stifles the recruitment and retention of students from diverse backgrounds in ecology, evolution, and behavioral biology. The benefits of field experiences are not equitably available to historically excluded and minoritized students. In this article, we summarize evidence that indicates course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide a solution to ensure equitable access to independent research experiences in the life sciences. We draw from our own experiences of teaching CUREs in ecology, evolution, and behavioral biology and provide the complete curriculum for our effective and largely materials-free CURE in behavioral ecology (CURE-BxEco). We advocate for greater access to and synthesize the benefits of CUREs to promote inclusivity in education. The proliferation of such innovative pedagogical practices benefits science because these classroom methods are critical in recruiting and retaining historically excluded and minoritized students, who offer diverse perspectives in research.
Incorporating prior information in gene expression network-based cancer heterogeneity analysis
Authors: Li Rong , Xu Shaodong , Li Yang , Tang Zuojian , Feng Di , Cai James , Ma Shuangge 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Cancer is molecularly heterogeneous, with seemingly similar patients having different molecular landscapes and accordingly different clinical behaviors. In recent studies, gene expression networks have been shown as more effective/informative for cancer heterogeneity analysis than some simpler measures. Gene interconnections can be classified as “direct” and “indirect,” where the latter can be caused by shared genomic regulators (such as transcription factors, microRNAs, and other regulatory molecules) and other mechanisms. It has been suggested that incorporating the regulators of gene expressions in network analysis and focusing on the direct interconnections can lead to a deeper understanding of the more essential gene interconnections. Such analysis can be seriously challenged by the large number of parameters (jointly caused by network analysis, incorporation of regulators, and heterogeneity) and often weak signals. To effectively tackle this problem, we propose incorporating prior information contained in the published literature. A key challenge is that such prior information can be partial or even wrong. We develop a two-step procedure that can flexibly accommodate different levels of prior information quality. Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its superiority over relevant competitors. In the analysis of a breast cancer dataset, findings different from the alternatives are made, and the identified sample subgroups have important clinical differences.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning on gene expression and circulating proteins after subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wahlstrøm Kirsten L , Balsevicius Lukas , Hansen Hannah F , Kvist Madeline , Burcharth Jakob , Skovsted Gry , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Gögenur Ismail , Ekeloef Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical stress may lead to postsurgical hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, which can impact on patient recovery. Remote ischaemic preconditioning is a procedure that activates the body's endogenous defences against ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Studies have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning has antithrombotic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The hypothesis was that remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces surgery-induced systemic stress response.

Method
During a 24-month period (2019–2021), adult patients undergoing subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis were randomized to remote ischaemic preconditioning or control. Remote ischaemic preconditioning was performed less than 4 h before surgery on the upper arm. It consisted of four cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion. The gene expression of 750 genes involved in inflammatory processes, oxidative stress and endothelial function was investigated preoperatively and 2–4 h after surgery in both groups. In addition, changes in 20 inflammation- and vascular trauma–associated proteins were assessed preoperatively, 2–4 h after surgery and 24 h after surgery.

Results
A total of 60 patients were randomized. There were no statistically significant differences in gene expression 2–4 h after surgery between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). Remote ischaemic preconditioning did not affect concentrations of circulating proteins up to 24 h after surgery (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The study did not demonstrate any effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on expression levels of the chosen genes or in circulating immunological cytokines and vascular trauma–associated proteins up to 24 h after subacute laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis.
A comprehensive study on aberrant CD20+ mycosis fungoides: clinical and prognostic insights
Authors: Şanlı Hatice , Yıldızhan İncilay , Alızada Merve , Aydemir Ahmet Taha , Heper Aylin Okçu , Kırmızı Ayça , Akay Bengu Nisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
As the majority of T-cell lymphomas lack CD20 expression, cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) exhibiting aberrant CD20 expression are exceedingly uncommon.

Objectives
To comprehensively evaluate the clinical, histopathological and prognostic features of seven patients diagnosed with CD20+ MF.

Methods
This retrospective study involved seven cases of MF with aberrant CD20 expression. The study provides details of demographics, clinical features, histopathology and treatment outcomes. Key timepoints include initial diagnosis of MF, detection of CD20 expression and follow-up, with a mean follow-up of 46 months.

Results
Aberrant CD20+ MF was diagnosed at an average age of 58.6 years, approximately 5.6 years after the first MF diagnosis. Following CD20 detection, patients presented with advanced disease stages, requiring treatments such as chemotherapy, brentuximab vedotin and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Four patients died from lymphoma, with an average survival time of 52 months.

Conclusions
Aberrant CD20 expression in MF is rare but indicates a progressive course associated with poor prognosis. This often requires systemic chemotherapy and, in certain instances, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study provides important insights into the clinical attributes, disease progression and treatment options for patients with MF with aberrant CD20 expression. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness of emerging therapies and enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and prognostic determinants specific to this unique MF subgroup.