bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based surgical management of T1 or T2 temporal bone malignancies
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Wei , Dai Chunfu , Chi Fanglu , Wang Shuyi , Wang Zhengmin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether aggressive surgical management is more effective than local canal resection (LCR) for early‐stage temporal bone malignancies.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:Forty‐three cases of early‐stage external auditory canal (EAC) carcinoma who received surgical management between 1993 and 2011 were reviewed. Preoperative computed tomography, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, pure‐tone audiometry, and biopsy were performed. Patients underwent either LCR or lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR). Postoperative pathologic examinations were conducted on all specimens, including assessment of margin status. The duration of the postoperative follow‐up period ranged from 6 months to 18 years.Results:Of 26 patients who underwent LCR, 10 were stage T1 and 16 were T2. Positive surgical margins were identified in 14 patients. During the follow‐up, 12 patients developed recurrence. Of 17 patients who underwent LTBR with superficial parotidectomy, six were stage T1 and 11 were T2. The lateral EAC margins were negative in all 17 patients. In 2/6 T1 patients and in 5/11 T2 patients, tumor cells were identified deep within the EAC cartilage and parotid gland. All of the patients who underwent LTBR survived without evidence of recurrence.Conclusions:LTBR with superficial parotidectomy offers the greatest chance of cure for early‐stage EAC carcinoma. Intraoperative frozen sections are necessary to determine the tumor‐free lateral EAC margins. Postoperative radiotherapy is not strongly recommended for early‐stage EAC carcinoma after LTBR. Laryngoscope, 2013
Early glottic carcinoma treated by radiotherapy: Defining a population for surgical salvage
Authors: Smee Robert I. , Williams Janet R. , Broadley Kathryn , Bridger G.P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Not all patients with early Glottis squamous cell carcinoma will be cured by radiotherapy. This is an audit of a single center's experience with those patients who fail by this approach.Study Design:This retrospective study was approved by the IRB (Institutional Review Board); eligibility criterion was patients treated between 1967 and December 2006, TIS, T1, T2 N0 SCC glottic carcinoma, with analysis occurring in 2009, and with a minimum follow‐up of 2 years.Methods:The eligibility criteria for this ethics‐approved study was that all patients started a course of radiotherapy for early glottic laryngeal SCC. Data included in the Larynx Cancer database includes information from the Radiation Oncology Department notes, referral letters, and follow‐up information. This is categorized into patient, disease, and treatment factors.Results:Of 522 patients who commenced radiotherapy, local failure occurred in 105 patients; a salvage procedure was performed in 89, with surgery only in 83. For these 89 patients, the ultimate local control was 67%, with a larynx preservation procedure in 34%. Nodal failure occurred in 20 of the 522 patients (4%). There was a much higher failure rate in patients unfit for surgery (10/26–38%). Laryngectomy was the main salvage procedure in 55 patients.CONCLUSIONS:Early recognition of local failure following radiotherapy for early glottic carcinoma may avoid laryngectomy as a salvage procedure. Laryngoscope, 2013
Improved localization of sestamibi imaging at high‐volume centers
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Pucar Darko , Mathew Manoj , Terris David J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Sestamibi imaging can provide critical information regarding the location of suspected parathyroid adenomas. However, this modality can be challenging to perform and interpret reliably. The impact of experience on the localizing efficacy of sestamibi scanning was assessed.Study Design:Prospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy was undertaken after institutional review board approval was obtained.Methods:Patients undergoing parathyroid surgery from October 2003 through June 2011 were considered. Inclusion criteria represented primary surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, in which a single adenoma was excised and cure obtained. Sestamibi scan results, performed at our institution and at outside imaging centers, were compared to intraoperative findings.Results:There were 389 parathyroidectomies performed; 188 patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty‐four patients had sestamibi scans performed at outside institutions; 36 (67%) were localizing and 18 (33%) were nonlocalizing. Among localizing studies, half identified the correct quadrant and half recognized the correct side. At our institution, 147 patients underwent sestamibi imaging; 121 (82%) localized and 26 (18%) did not. Among localizing studies, the correct quadrant was reported in 64% and the correct side in 36%. Of the 147 scans performed at our institution, 13 represented repeat scans of patients with nonlocalizing outside scans. All 13 of these localized; six identified the correct quadrant and seven the side of the adenoma.Conclusions:A high volume of experience may improve the yield of sestamibi imaging. Repeating this study at a high‐volume center when it was nonlocalizing elsewhere may provide useful additional information. Laryngoscope, 2013
Low‐level‐laser irradiation induces photorelaxation in coronary arteries and overcomes vasospasm of internal thoracic arteries
Authors: Plass Christian A. , Wieselthaler Georg M. , Podesser Bruno K. , Prusa Alexander M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAs low‐level laser irradiation (LLLI) seems to induce vasodilation besides many other known biological effects, LLLI has been increasingly used in therapy of medical conditions with various irradiation parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LLLI on photorelaxation of human coronary and internal thoracic arteries (ITA).Materials and MethodsThirty vessel segments of ITA used for routine coronary artery bypass grafting as well as left anterior descending coronary arteries (LAD) of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation were cut into 4‐mm rings stored in a modified Krebs–Henseleit solution and evaluated in a myograph. Both types of vessel segments were irradiated by a semiconductor non‐thermal GaAs diode laser operating at a wavelength of 680 nm. After precontraction with thromboxane agonist U44619, respective relaxation responses were evaluated and compared to pharmacological dilatation induced by substance P.ResultsMean pharmacological vasodilation by substance P was 22.6 ± 3.3%, 12.8 ± 1.4%, and 20.4 ± 3.2% in macroscopic healthy LAD, LAD with atheromatous plaque, and ITA, respectively. Average photorelaxation induced by LLLI was 16.5 ± 2.0%, 1.9 ± 1.7%, and 6.8 ± 4.7%, accordingly. Vasodilatatory responses induced either by substance P or administration of LLLI were significantly decreased in LAD with atheromatous plaque (P < 0.0001). Vasospasms of ITA segments occurring during experiments could be abandoned when LLLI was administered.ConclusionMacroscopic healthy LAD exposed to LLLI revealed significant photorelaxation. With the administration of LLLI, 73% of the maximal obtainable effect by an endothelium‐dependent vasodilator could be reached. Furthermore, LLLI has the potential to overcome vasospasms of ITA. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 705–711, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular Uptake of Covalent Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) Microcapsules and Its Influences on Cell Functions
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Yuying , Mao Zhengwei , Gao Changyou 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of the cellular uptake of polyelectrolyte microcapsules and its influences on the functions and toxicity of human SMCs are explored. The covalently assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/glutaraldehyde microcapsules are easily ingested by SMCs mainly through macropinosis and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis pathways. The capsules mainly disperse in cytoplasm without colocalization in early endosomes and cell nucleus. The results of gene chips reveal substantial and profound alternation of cell phenotypes and functions. Uptake of the microcapsules cause a slight decrease of cell viability, but leads to significant changes in cytoskeleton organization, cell cycle, as well as cell adhesion and migration ability. magnified image
Conjugated Polymer with On‐Chain Pt(II) Complex for Resistive Random‐Access Memory Device
Authors: Lin Wenpeng , Sun Huibin , Liu Shujuan , Yang Huiran , Ye Shanghui , Xu Wenjuan , Zhao Qiang , Liu Xiangmei , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel conjugated polymer, containing carbazole which acted as an electron‐donor moiety, and a Pt(II) complex which acted as an electron‐acceptor moiety, was synthesized and characterized. Electrical characterizations for the sandwiched polymer memory device (ITO/polymer/Al) indicate that the polymer possesses electrical bistability and the device exhibits resistive random‐access memory. The memory mechanism has been investigated through theoretical calculations and attributed to the formation and dissociation of a charge‐transfer state under the applied voltage. The device exhibits excellent memory performances, such as low threshold voltage, high ON/OFF current ratio, and good stability.
Cyclometallated Pt(II) Complexes in Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: New Polymerization Initiating Systems
Authors: Tehfe Mohamad‐Ali , Ma Lihua , Graff Bernadette , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre , Zhao Jianzhang , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA household halogen lamp is used to promote the ring‐opening photopolymerization of epoxides in the presence of coumarin moiety containing Pt(II) complex/silane/iodonium salt combinations (epoxide/acrylate interpenetrated polymer networks can also be synthesized). Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained (conversions >70%) under this selected very soft irradiation. These Pt(II) complexes behave as photocatalysts in an oxidative cycle. A photoluminescent polymer can be in situ synthesized thanks to the luminescence properties of these complexes. The mechanisms are investigated by ESR, laser flash photolysis, and luminescence experiments.
Superplasticity and microstructural evolution in aluminium alloys
Authors: Sotoudeh K. , Ridley N. , Humphreys F. J. , Bate P. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe fine‐grained microstructure required for superplasticity in commercial aluminium alloys is developed in one of two ways. In alloys such as AA5083 Al‐Mg‐Mn and AA7475 Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cr, static recrystallisation produces an equiaxed microstructure prior to superplastic forming. In alloys such as AA2004 Al‐Cu‐Zr (SUPRAL) and AA8090 Al‐Li‐Mg‐Cu‐Zr, rolling and annealing prior to forming gives a recovered, ‘banded’ microstructure in which the subgrains evolve into grains defined by high angle boundaries during superplastic deformation. That banding‐ in terms of grain orientations‐ persists to much higher strains than would be expected if significant relative grain translation were occurring, and is not consistent with the widely accepted view that grain boundary sliding is the primary deformation mechanism during superplastic flow. To investigate this apparent anomaly further, work on statically recrystallised AA5083 was carried out. Examination of micro‐grid lines on sheet tensile specimens showed that intragranular slip made an insignificant contribution to superplastic flow. Examination of boundary offsets reinforced the view from work on Al‐Cu‐Zr and AA8090 that relative grain translation does not occur to any significant extent. The absence of significant intragranular slip and relative grain translation leads to the conclusion that diffusion creep is making a major contribution to the superplastic deformation.
Thermal behaviour modelling of superplastic forming tools
Authors: Velay V. , Cutard T. , Guegan N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHigh‐temperature operational conditions of super plastic forming (SPF) tools induce very complex thermo‐mechanical loadings responsible to their failure. Various materials can be used to manufacture forming tools: ceramic, refractory castable or heat resistant steel. In this paper, an experimental and numerical analysis is performed in order to characterise the environmental loadings undergone by the tool whatever the considered material. This investigation allows to lead a thermal calculation. It is a preliminary and essential stage to perform the complete thermo‐mechanical calculation in order to assess accurate stress levels, or plastic strain occurring during the forming process.
Seasonal variability of prevalence and occurrence of multiple infections shape the population structure of Crithidia bombi, an intestinal parasite of bumblebees (Bombus spp.)
Authors: Popp Mario , Erler Silvio , Lattorff H. Michael G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractErgonomic growth phases of annual social insect societies strongly influence horizontally transmitted parasites. Herein, we focused on the impact of temporal changes in host demography on the population structure of a horizontally transmitted parasite. Seasonal fluctuations in prevalence and the occurrence of multiple infections of the gut parasite Crithidia bombi were analyzed in repeatedly sampled populations of two common bumblebee (Bombus spp.) species. Prevalence of C. bombi was greatest in the middle of the foraging season and coincided with the maximal occurrence of multiple infections. Both decline later in the season. The genetic structure of the parasite population also showed strong seasonal fluctuations with a drastic decline in effective population size and an increase in linkage disequilibrium when infection rates were highest. These effects are mainly attributable to significant changes in parasite allele frequencies leading to selection of specific alleles and increasing the frequency of homozygote genotypes in the middle of the season. Within host, competition between parasite genotypes might explain the observed pattern leading to selection of these alleles, and thus a boost of homozygote genotypes in the middle of the season. Toward the end of the season, selection appears to relax and we observed a recovery in linkage equilibrium, as well as an increase in effective population size. This might be explained by genetic exchange in these trypanosomes in natural populations.
Huntington's disease: How intermediate are intermediate repeat lengths?
Authors: Squitieri Ferdinando , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating heredoneurodegenerative disorder associated with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the HTT gene. The expansion mutation in HTT is dominantly transmitted and codes for a protein named huntingtin (htt).Hypothesis: One hypothesis, according to a multistep mechanism, is that the intergenerational transmission of the normal repeat size causes small, progressive CAG stretch elongations in the general population from one generation to another, until a critical pathological CAG repeat threshold is reached. Mutations may originate in the offspring from paternally transmitted CAG repeats, falling within an intermediate alleles (IA) range of 27 to 35 in repeat length.Conclusions: There has been emerging evidence that some individuals with IAs might develop an HD phenotype. This presents a challenge for genetic counseling, because these individuals are often reassured that they are “disease free.” However, there are many unanswered questions related to the role of IAs in the development of the HD phenotype and in the pathogenesis of HD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated diffusion spectrum imaging with compressed sensing using adaptive dictionaries
Authors: Bilgic Berkin , Setsompop Kawin , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Yendiki Anastasia , Wald Lawrence L. , Adalsteinsson Elfar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDiffusion spectrum imaging offers detailed information on complex distributions of intravoxel fiber orientations at the expense of extremely long imaging times (∼1 h). Recent work by Menzel et al. demonstrated successful recovery of diffusion probability density functions from sub‐Nyquist sampled q‐space by imposing sparsity constraints on the probability density functions under wavelet and total variation transforms. As the performance of compressed sensing reconstruction depends strongly on the level of sparsity in the selected transform space, a dictionary specifically tailored for diffusion probability density functions can yield higher fidelity results. To our knowledge, this work is the first application of adaptive dictionaries in diffusion spectrum imaging, whereby we reduce the scan time of whole brain diffusion spectrum imaging acquisition from 50 to 17 min while retaining high image quality. In vivo experiments were conducted with the 3T Connectome MRI. The root‐mean‐square error of the reconstructed “missing” diffusion images were calculated by comparing them to a gold standard dataset (obtained from acquiring 10 averages of diffusion images in these missing directions). The root‐mean‐square error from the proposed reconstruction method is up to two times lower than that of Menzel et al.'s method and is actually comparable to that of the fully‐sampled 50 minute scan. Comparison of tractography solutions in 18 major white‐matter pathways also indicated good agreement between the fully‐sampled and 3‐fold accelerated reconstructions. Further, we demonstrate that a dictionary trained using probability density functions from a single slice of a particular subject generalizes well to other slices from the same subject, as well as to slices from other subjects. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion weighted vertical gradient and spin echo
Authors: Engström Mathias , Bammer Roland , Skare Stefan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, diffusion weighting and parallel imaging is combined with a vertical gradient and spin echo data readout. This sequence was implemented and evaluated on healthy volunteers using a 1.5 and a 3 T whole‐body MR system. As the vertical gradient and spin echo trajectory enables a higher k‐space velocity in the phase‐encoding direction than single‐shot echo planar imaging, the geometrical distortions are reduced. When combined with parallel imaging such as generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, the geometric distortions are reduced even further, while also keeping the minimum echo time reasonably low. However, this combination of a diffusion preparation and multiple refocusing pulses during the vertical gradient and spin echo readout, generally violates the Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill condition, which leads to interferences between echo pathways. To suppress the stimulated echo pathway, refocusing pulses with a sharper slice profiles and an odd/even crusher variation scheme were implemented and evaluated. Being a single‐shot acquisition technique, the reconstructed images are robust to rigid‐body head motion and spatially varying brain motion, both of which are common sources of artifacts in diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Groundwater response to dual tidal fluctuations in a peninsula or an elongated island
Authors: Wang Quanrong , Zhan Hongbin , Tang Zhonghua 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYGroundwater flow in a peninsula or an elongated island is influenced by tidal fluctuations on both sides of the peninsula or island, which is named as dual tidal fluctuations. In this study, semianalytical solutions of transient groundwater flow in response to dual tidal fluctuations in an aquifer–aquitard system were presented for cases with and without the aquitard storage. These solutions were first derived using the Laplace transform and subsequently computed by the Fourier series numerical inverse Laplace transform. The derived solutions were found to agree very well with the results of numerical simulations by MODFLOW. The solution ignoring the aquitard storage approached the quasi‐steady state solution quickly when the mean sea level initial condition was used. The solutions with and without the aquitard storage were nearly the same at the early time and were separated from each other during the intermediate time, and the difference of solutions became constant at late time for small aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and large tidal frequency. The propagation bias, which is the departure from the theoretical ratio of tidal attenuation to tidal lag, was enhanced not only with increase of the dimensionless specific leakage (aquitard/aquifer hydraulic conductance ratio) but also with decrease of the aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and with the increase of the dimensionless tidal frequency. The solution with the aquitard storage was more sensitive to these three parameters. The newly developed solutions were capable of handling realistic initial conditions that might be approximated by piecewise linear functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming autopsy barriers in pediatric cancer research
Authors: Alabran Jennifer L. , Hooper Jody E. , Hill Melissa , Smith Sandra E. , Spady Kimberlee K. , Davis Lara E. , Peterson Lauren S. , Malempati Suman , Ryan Christopher W. , Acosta Rae , Spunt Sheri L. , Keller Charles 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMore than 13,000 children annually in the United States and Canada under the age of 20 will be diagnosed with cancer at a mortality approaching 20% 1,2. Tumor samples obtained by autopsy provide an innovative way to study tumor progression, potentially aiding in the discovery of new treatments and increased survival rates. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to autopsies and develop guidelines for requesting autopsies for research purposes.ProcedureFamilies of children treated for childhood cancer were referred by patient advocacy groups and surveyed about attitudes and experiences with research autopsies. From 60 interviews, barriers to autopsy and tumor banking were identified. An additional 14 interviews were conducted with medical and scientific experts.ResultsNinety‐three percent of parents of deceased children did or would have consented to a research autopsy if presented with the option; however, only half of these families were given the opportunity to donate autopsy tissue for research. The most significant barriers were the physicians' reluctance to ask a grieving family and lack of awareness about research opportunities.ConclusionsThe value of donating tumor samples to research via an autopsy should be promoted to all groups managing pediatric cancer patients. Not only does autopsy tumor banking offer a potentially important medical and scientific impact, but the opportunity to contribute this Legacy Gift of autopsy tumor tissue also creates a positive outlet for the grieving family. Taking these findings into account, our multidisciplinary team has developed a curriculum addressing key barriers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:204–209. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.