bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMD Drusenoid deposits “L”, Lipid type, characterization, structural analysis with multimodal imaging and morphology‐structural software
Authors: Gonzalez C. , Lay B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo study AMD drusenoid deposits “L” with multimodal imaging and morphology‐structural software and see all the input of this technique and software.Methods25 eyes of 25 patients, 8 men, 17 women, with AMD drusenoid deposits “L”, Lipid Type (soft Drusen, Drusenoid PED “L”). Deposits were evaluated by Autofluorescence, IR imaging, OCT, notably OCT en FACE (Spectralis HRA‐OCT, spectral domainOCT), and Morphology‐Structural software (M‐S software). ETDRS visual acuity (VA), complete ophthalmic examination with Fundus exam were added. Size, characteristics, number, topography of the “L” deposits, their environment above and below (particularly IS‐OS, plexiform layer, choriocapillaris structure and thickness) were evaluated, each element was studied, compared cut to cut, layer to layer and time to time. M‐S software let analyze drusenoid deposit volume and contours, let a 3D deposit reconstruction, display in 3D space, let volume, density (grey levels of deposits), structure (structural measures, texture parameters),composition (density calculation) evaluation and characterization of those “L”, lipid type depositsResultsAMD Drusenoid Deposits “L” Lipid Type (soft Drusen, Drusenoid PED) are larger, roughly uniform, dome‐shaped, dark grey, translucent, optical empty, equal and the same in all cross‐section, as lipid pearl drops, fatty, mounds of deposit under the RPE, abnormal Pigment epithelium above, but layer quite preserved. M‐S software allows lipid composition confirmation, selective lipid characterization, to better differentiate lipid and more componentsConclusionsMultimodal Imaging, Morphology‐Structural Software contribute to and improve AMD Drusenoid deposits “L”, Lipid type, study and knowledge and so AMD etiopathogeny understanding.
Three family cases with Retinitis pigmentosa rod‐cone dystrophy with autosomal dominant inheritance
Authors: Koev K. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThree family cases with Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) rod‐cone dystrophy with autosomal dominant inheritance according to American Academy of Ophthalmology classification were diagnosed and studied: the grandmother G. D., 83 years old; the son A.D., 61 years old and granddaughter A.B., 27 years old.MethodsThe diagnosis was confirmed clinically, ERG, OCT, Angiography, (with colour tests) ATL, Ishihara table and Rabkin chart, All color Anomaloscope IF‐2 TOMEY, Test 28 HUE de Roth Farnsworth‐Munsell, with kinetic Kugel perimeter and automated Humphrey perimeter using the SITA‐Fast computerized perimetric threshold strategy.ResultsDuring the photopic test with ERG, there was observed retinogram with normal morphology and polarity but with drastic decline of the amplitude by 50 mV on average. In the process of dark adaptation, a decline of bioelectric activity was detected: from subnormal to non‐recording ERG during white and blue flashes at 30 Hz. In all of the three different generations’ cases, there was established reduction in residual bioelectric activity with the advancing of age of the patients with progressive degenerative RP disease. During the colour test, the grandmother and the father could read only ATL, which proves there was no acquired colour vision disorder. This is in confirmation to the autosomal dominant inheritance. In the process of anomaloscopic test and the colour tables and charts of Ishihara and Rabkin, as well as Test 28 HUE de Roth Farnsworth‐Munsell, the grandmother and the father were found to be with deuteranomaly. The granddaughter had a normal trichromacy. The perimetric tests showed concentric narrowing of the visual field to tubular vision.ConclusionsSerum for genetic tests was taken from the three family cases in order to confirm the diagnosis and administer a gene therapy.
AMD Drusenoid deposits “P”, Protein‐Cellular Type: Characterization and Evolution. Multimodal imaging and OCT, OCT en Face, Evaluation and Interest
Authors: Gonzalez C. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo study AMD drusenoid deposits “P”, Protein‐Cellular Type with multimodal imaging,to characterize their morphologic type, evolution, to consider etiopathogeny, biomarker featuresMethods148 eyes of 74 AMD patients. AMD drusenoid deposits “P”,Protein‐Cellular Type:Cuticular drusen,Drusenoid PED “P”, Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD),Pseudovitellifom AMD were evaluated by Autofluorescence,IR imaging,ETDRS visual acuity (VA),ophthalmic examination with Ocular Fundus,Ocular Confocal Tomography exam(spectral domain OCT, OCT en Face software). Size, characteristics, number, topography of the lesions, growth way were evaluated, also their environment above, below and evolution. Each element was studied, compared cut to cut,layer to layer,time to time.ResultsVA stabilized in 90%. Pseudovitelliform AMD are little, irregular upper limit drusenoid PED. Cuticular drusen appear, uniform, round, white, under retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). SDD deposits are white, homogeneous,quite similar in all cross‐section, FA and ICG too, nearby upper side RPE layer. Drusenoid PED “P” were dense,white, granular,different in all cross‐sections,heterogeneous PED, below RPE,with abnormal RPE above,heavily unstructured.Multimodal imaging,especially OCT en Face, let individualize “P” drusenoid deposits.Evolution was‐choriocapillaris change‐pigment epithelium involution:more dense, irregular, inhomogeneous, crumbled‐inflammation‐neovascular signs even net.Specific metabolic defect outcome, etiopathogenic pathways appear: “P” drusenoid deposit is mostly enrolled in protein‐cellular metabolic pathway dysfunction with rather evolution to neovascular complication. So it would build up its biomarker feature.ConclusionsAMD Drusenoid deposits “P”, Protein‐Cellular type study,knowledge,evolution,notably with multimodal imaging, OCT en Face contribute to and improve AMD understanding, prognosis, etiopathogic concept.
Corneal and optic nerve head biomechanical changes after deep sclerectomy
Authors: Munoz‐Negrete F.J. , Rebolleda G. , Díez L. , Oblanca‐Llamazares N. , De Juan V. , Casas‐Llera P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate corneal and optic nerve head (ONH) biomechanical changes following nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (DS).MethodsForty‐nine eyes undergoing DS were prospectively studied. Changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) using the Ocular Response Analyzer, as well as changes in prelaminar thickness, cupping and lamina cribrosa (LC) position using EDI technology before surgery and 3 months postoperatively were obtained. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used to determine predictors of ONH changes including age, corneal central thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL).ResultsMean corneal compensated IOP significantly decreased by 27.9% (P < 0.001). Mean CH increased and CRF decreased by 18.4% and 10.1% respectively (P < 0.001) and both were significantly correlated with IOP reduction (P < 0.001). There was a significant reversal of ONH cupping mainly due to a prelaminar tissue thickening (P < 0.001). Mean preoperative AL correlated with the preoperative LC thickness (−0.459, P = 0.012) and a further anterior displacement of LC postoperatively (0.377, P = 0.044). A significant association was found between ONH cupping reversal and both preoperative IOP (P = 0.046) and preoperative CRF (P = 0.002).ConclusionsCH increased and CRF decreased significantly 3 months after NPDS and these changes correlated with IOP reduction. A significant cupping reversal mainly due to changes in prelaminar tissue thickness was observed. The magnitude of IOP reduction was the most significant factor in both corneal and ONH biomechanical changes.
Quantitative assessment of fixational saccades in school children. A new method
Authors: Larsen D.A. , Bek T. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo develop and validate a technique for automatic analysis of fixational saccades in clincal practise, and to study age‐related changes in these parameters among normal children.MethodsThirty‐six normal children (19 boys and 17 girls, mean age = 9.8 years, range 5‐16 years) were examined. Eye movements were recorded during two repeated 30‐s fixation tasks from left eye with a video based eye‐tracking system (iView XTM High‐Speed, version 2.7.09 Senso Motoric Instruments, Berlin, Germany). Type). A special software programme was developed for the detection and quantification of fixational saccades including information about the length velocity and back shoot of the movements. The number of saccades within a 0.05‐degree amplitude intervals were plotted as a function of the amplitude and the plots were fitted to a biexponential function. The amplitude and number defining the maximum of this saccade distribution curve as well as the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.ResultsThe total number of saccades per examination was 115.5 ± 71.3 (mean ± SD), range 14–276, which amounted to a total of 8315 saccades during the duplicate recordings from all 36 children. There was no correlation between age and the number of saccades per second (r2 = 0.07, p = 0.11), the number and amplitude of saccades at the maximum of the saccade distribution curve (r2 = 0.0002, p = 0.93) and (r2 = 0.002, p = 0.79), respectively, and the AUC (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.08).ConclusionsThe technique allows computerized quantification of small fixational eye movements and the extraction of measures of fixation in children that are independent of age. Studies of visual development using these parameters in children will not need a correction for age.
Intraocular pressure in Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Authors: Pinna A. , Blasetti F. , Campesi I. , Scanu B. , Scanu B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeGlucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common human genetic abnormalities, with a high prevalence in Sardinia, Italy, where the reported rates range from 10% to 15%. Hemizygous males have totally deficient erythrocytes. We are unaware of any previous report investigating intraocular pressure (IOP) in G6PD deficiency. The purpose of this study was to assess IOP in G6PD‐deficient and G6PD‐normal Sardinian men and ascertain whether there are significant differences between the two groups.MethodsIOP was measured by applanation tonometry in 104 G6PD‐deficient and 104 age‐matched G6PD‐normal men. The Student t test was used to assess differences in IOP values between the two groups.ResultsMean IOP was 13.94 ± 2.62 mm Hg in G6PD‐deficient men and 14.29 ± 2.84 mm Hg in G6PD‐normal men, a not statistically significant result (P = 0.096).ConclusionsResults suggest that men with G6PD deficiency do not have a higher risk of increased IOP.
Contribution of virtual reality in clinical practice in ophthalmology
Authors: Flores M. , Mauris N. , Anne Charlotte L. , Thibaud M.F. , Saleh M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeFeasibility study of a device allowing recording, transmission and viewing by another operator of a stereoscopic clinical examination at the slit lamp.MethodsTwo medical cameras (CM900, Haag‐Streit, Bern, Switzerland) were mounted on a slit lamp (BQ900, Haag‐Streit, Bern, Switzerland) equipped with a beam splitter allowing to record stereoscopic videos. The video footage associated with the patient's clinical data were then remotely transmitted to another examiner located in another room via a secure server dedicated to telemedicine. The data was then visualized through augmented reality glasses type Oculus Rift DK2 (Oculus VR, California) for stereoscopic viewing of the recorded consultation.ResultsFive patients consulting for diseases of the anterior and posterior segments were examined remotely and the diagnosis was consistent with that of the first examiner in all cases.ConclusionsThe success of this experience of telemedicine and augmented reality offers significant opportunities in the fields of education and remote consultation.
Visual functions in children with congenital myopia and with amblyopia with the same refraction
Authors: Boychuk I. , Mukhina A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWas to compare visual functions in children with amblyopia and with congenital myopia of the same refraction. Principal causes of decrease in sight at children with congenital myopia is, besides high myopic refractions, this or that degree of undevelopement of the visual analyzer. The diagnosis at the given pathology is complicated, as often complicated congenital myopia and undevelopement of the visual analyzer identify as amblyopia.Methods93 children (186 eyes) at the age from 5 to 18 years were observed. Children with myopia of the same age with the same refraction have made group of 36 (72eyes). All ophthalmologic observations including visual acuity without and with correction, refractometry, skyaskopy, in conditions of cycloplegia, definition of reserves of accommodation, echobiometry of visual axies, ophthalmoskopy, biomicroscopy were carried out. Colour thresholds by Rabkin tables, an electrosensitivity threshold by phosphen, critical frequency of disappearance of flashings by phosphen, binocular vision by colour test, stereoacuity by stereograms (Lang's test II) and time of occurrence of stereoeffect were conducted.ResultsThe comparative analysis has shown, that at amblyopia with myopic refraction visual functions, such as visual acuity with correction, colour vision, stereoacuity are decreased more, than at congenital myopia with the same refraction. It is established, that at children with amblyopia colour vision on all colours is significantly decreased (espacially dark blue colour thresholds 7.5 ± 4.8 in comparison with 3.2 ± 3.3) in the absence of visible changes on an eye fundus.ConclusionsChildren of both groups had decreased stereovision in the presence of binocular vision. Thresholds of stereovision by Lang's test II (random‐dot pictures) were specially high.
Leuven Eye Study ‐ Baseline and methods
Authors: Abegao Pinto L. , Willekens K. , Van Keer K. , Shibesh A. , Vandewalle E. , Molenberghs G. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeGlaucoma is known to be associated with vascular dysfunction. However, integrating this knowledge in the clinical setting has been limited, considering the majority of vascular oriented studies have been either underpowered or only addressed a small segment of the vascular parameters in strictly selected patients. The Leuven Eye Study aims at bridging this gap by prospectively collecting the largest amount of vascular oriented data in a large real‐life glaucoma clinic setting.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional, case‐control hospital‐based study. Patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), glaucoma suspect or ocular hypertension (OHT) and healthy volunteers were recruited. In addition to an ophthalmological examination, a vascular‐oriented questionnaire was completed and ocular blood flow assessment (color Doppler imaging of retrobulbar vessels, retinal oximetry, dynamic contour tonometry, optical coherent tomography enhanced depth imaging of the choroid) was performed in each subject.Results620 subjects (297 male) were recruited between March and December 2013 (POAG: 214, NTG: 192; glaucoma suspect: 41; OHT: 27; healthy controls: 146). Mean age was 68.4 ± 12.9 years. Other than IOP, there was no difference in demographic variables between glaucoma groups and healthy volunteers. Values for the ocular blood flow parameters are in line with the current literature.ConclusionsThe Leuven Eye study stands as the largest clinical trial on ocular blood flow in glaucoma. The creation of this vast database may help integrate the vascular aspects of glaucoma into the clinical practice of glaucoma.
Cystic macular edema induced by Latanoprost
Authors: Pérez I. , Ascaso F.J. , Caramello C.M. , Almenara C. , Esteban O. , Martinez M. , Sánchez J.I. , Idoate A. , Nuñez E. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeProstaglandin analogues are powerful ocular hypotensives that can change the blood‐aqueous barrier, developing an CME in patients with some risk factor associated such as previous ocular surgery, aphakia, rupture of the posterior capsule, uveitis history, diabetic retinopathy. We present a case of CME after the administration of LatanoprostMethodsOCT‐SD were used in the diagnosis and follow‐up of the patient.ResultsA 32 years old patient, with surgery of congenital cataratas at 9 months, and treated with Latanoprost due to a open‐angle glaucoma. After one month of treatment, the patient referred decreased visual acuity on his left eye, being the exploration compatible with the development of a CME which had decreased the visual acuity to 0,4. The diagnose was confirmed by OCT. Latanoprost was suspended; It was prescribed nepafenac eyedrops each 8 hours and brimodine each 12 hours. One month later, the AV had improved to 0.7 and showed a decrease OCT macular thickness, with disappearance of cysts and recovery foveal depressionConclusionsAlthough in healthy eyes it has not been posible to establish a causal relationship between the prostaglandin analogues and the development of a CME, it looks obvious that could favor its appearance in eyes with a blood‐aqueous barrier alteration especially with previous surgery and rupture of the posterior capsule. In our case, the patient had been previously operated of congenital cataract with no IOL implantation. The OCT appears as a useful non‐invasive method for the diagnosis and follow‐up of this complication.
Improvement in retinal vessel oxygen saturation after vitrectomy
Authors: Lim S.L. , Tan L. , Perera S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of vitrectomy on retinal vascular oxygen saturation.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. 27 eyes of 27 patients who underwent vitrectomy for macular conditions were included. Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap (Oxymap Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland) prior to vitrectomy and 3 months after surgery. The mean retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation were measured and the arterial‐venous difference (AVD) was calculated as the difference between the arterial and venous saturations.Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to compare oxygen saturation before and after surgery, with adjustments for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and indication for surgery.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 68.4 ± 8.9 years, 15 (55%) were male and the majority were of Chinese ethnicity (93%). The mean arterial saturation increased significantly after vitrectomy (101.93 ± 8.36% vs 96.16 ± 14.14%, p = 0.01). The mean venous saturation also increased significantly after surgery. (59.76 ± 8.52% vs 50.40 ± 11.72%, p = 0.02). The mean AVD significantly decreased from 45.76 ± 12.18% before surgery to 42.17 ± 10.94% after surgery (p = 0.02).ConclusionsRetinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation are significantly increased after vitrectomy, while the AVD is decreased after vitrectomy. Our results suggest that vitrectomy enhances retinal oxygenation. This may account for the apparent benefit of vitrectomy on conditions with retinal hypoxia such as diabetic retinopathy.
Aplication of low‐level Laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)
Authors: Koev K. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of rare, genetic disorders that involve a breakdown and loss of cells in the retina. The objective of this study is to examine long‐term effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with (RP).MethodsThe research was implemented for a period of 3 years. For LLLT, a He‐Ne Laser with continuous emission at 633 nm (01 mW/cm2) was used in patients with RP. In total, 14 patients (7 men and 6 women ‐ 28 eyes) with RP of 56.5 ± 3.2 years were included in the study. Laser radiation was applied transpupillary 10 times for 3 min once in two days to the macula. Visual acuity was followed for a 3‐year period. The ERG, Anomaloscope IF‐2 TOMEY, Test 28 HUE de Roth Farnsworth‐Munsell, Kugel perimeter, Humphrey perimetry, Fluorescein angiogram and Amsler test was used.ResultsThe patients had complained of nyctalopia and decreasing vision. Biomicroscopy showed optic nerve atrophy, and narrow retinal vessels with a typical pattern of retinal pigmentation. Visual fields were reduced to a central residual of 10 degrees. Visual acuity remained unchanged in all patients with RP. There was a statistically significant increase in visual acuity (p < 0.001, end of study versus baseline) for RP patients for the period of 3 years after the LLLT. The mid‐peripheral absolute concentric scotoma in RP was reduced after LLLT. No side effects were observed during the therapy.ConclusionsThis study shows that LLLT may be a novel long‐lasting therapeutic option for RP. This is highly effective treatment that improves visual acuity for a long time.References1. Ivandic BT1, Ivandic T. Low‐level laser therapy improves vision in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. Photomed Laser Surg. 2014;32(3):181‐4. 2. E. Mitschischek: â€œRetinale Laser‐Stimulation‐ Ein neues Therapiekonzept beiTrockener AMD. der Augenspiegel 3/2003, pp. 20‐24
Inhibition of micro‐fibrillar associated protein 4 as a potential therapy targeting choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration
Authors: Blackley Z. , Ved N. , Schlosser A. , Holmskov U. , Bates D. , Sorensen G.L. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate inhibition of Micro‐Fibrillar Associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsAll experiments complied with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to laser‐induced CNV, and intravitreally injected with either 1 µg ±MFAP4, 5 µg ±MFAP4, 1 µg mouse IgG or 1 µg ±VEGF‐A on day 0 and day 7. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was undertaken at day 7 and day 14, and choroids stained for inflammation (CD45) and vasculature (isolectin B4, IB4).ResultsFA showed that injection of αMFAP4 reduced average lesion size and density on day 7 compared to IgG (p < 0.01) and αVEGF‐A positive controls (p < 0.05) and both αMFAP4 and αVEGF‐A reduced average lesion size and density by day 14 compared to IgG (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). IB4 staining indicated that both αMFAP4 and αVEGF‐A reduced lesion fluorescence intensity (p < 0.05). Both αMFAP4 and αVEGF‐A treatments also reduced infiltration of macrophages into the lesion site (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results show that inhibition of MFAP4 results in a significant decrease in neovascular lesions in an animal model of AMD. The reduction in macrophage infiltration suggests a potential mechanism of action for anti‐MFAP4 treatment. Together, this suggests that inhibition of MFAP4 could be a potential novel AMD therapeutic.