bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional Transmission Line with Losses
Authors: Gómez-Aguilar José Francisco , Dumitru Baleanu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this manuscript, the fractional transmission line with losses is presented. The order of the Caputo derivative is considered as 0 < β ≤ 1 and 0 < γ ≤ 1 for the fractional equation in space and time domain, respectively. Two cases are solved, with fractional spatial and fractional temporal derivatives, and also numerical simulations were carried out, where there are taken both derivatives in simultaneous form. Two parameters σx and σt are introduced and a physical relation between these parameters is reported. Solutions in space and time are given in terms of the Mittag-Leffler functions. The classic cases are recovered when β and γ are equal to 1.
Acetylation of 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone Improves Binding to DNA and Shows Enhanced Superoxide Formation that Explains Better Cytotoxicity on JURKAT T Lymphocyte Cells
Authors: Sayantani Mukherjee  , Priya Kalyan Gopal  , Santanu Paul  , Saurabh Das  
Published: August 2014

Background: Hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones form the core unit of anthracycline anticancer drugs and are close structural analogues to these drugs. Although they show close resemblance to anthracyclines in physicochemical characteristics and electrochemical behavior their biophysical interactions are somewhat weaker than anthracyclines which is a disadvantage. One reason is the formation of anionic species by hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones. Hence if formation of anionic species is prevented there could be a possibility hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones would bind DNA better. Procedure: For this 1, 2, 5, 8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (THAQ) was acetylated to obtain a tetra-acetylated derivative (THAQ-ace) whose interaction with calf thymus DNA was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy at different pH. Results: Binding constant values for THAQ-ace (~105) were higher than THAQ at different pH. Increase in binding constant was attributed to anionic species not formed for THAQ-ace at physiological pH. Hence, unlike THAQ, binding constant values for THAQ-ace interacting with calf thymus DNA did not show variation with pH. In fact, it remained more or less constant. Increase in size of the acetylated form (THAQ-ace) compared to THAQ had a negative influence on binding. THAQ-ace showed enhanced superoxide formation. Both DNA binding and superoxide formation were responsible for a significant improvement in anticancer activity for THAQ-ace compared to THAQ on Jurkat T lymphocyte cells. Conclusion: Binding constant values for THAQ-ace binding to DNA were close to that reported for some standard anthracyclines. Hence, suitable modification of the less costly hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinones could provide alternatives to anthracyclines in cancer chemotherapy.
Tumor Microenvironment in Human Tumor Xenografted Mouse Models
Authors: Mariana Varna  , Philippe Bertheau  , Luc G. Legrès  
Published: August 2014

Tumor microenvironment, known to exert regulatory functions on tumor cells, plays an important role when a human tumor is xenografted into immunodeficient mice. Primary human tumors xenografts represent a promising strategy to study new therapeutic efficacy or to understand the mechanisms implicated in tumor relapse. The development of xenografts is linked not only to the aggressivity of the tumor cells, but also to the tumor microenvironment. Tumor xenograft cell proliferation is dependent on microenvironment modifications such as angiogenesis and human blood vessel replacement, host immune cells and the presence of growth factors. The characterisation and a better knowledge of these factors allow for a more appropriate use of xenograft animal models in the evaluation of new antitumor treatments. In this review, we describe the different factors linked to the tumor microenvironment and their impact on the take rate when human tumors are xenografted into immunodeficient mice.
Mixed Medullary Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Hyperfunctioning Hot Nodule: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: B. Raggiunti  , A. Franchi  , V. Congedo  , S. Filipponi  , G. Fiore  , G. Raggiunti  , D. Tina  , A. Mongia  , A. Rufo  , F.A. Ruggieri  , D. Di Michele  
Published: August 2014

Mixed medullary papillary carcinoma (MMPC) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, according to the WHO classification and it presents as a single lesion histologically composed of two distinct and intermingled neoplastic cell patterns. The histogenesis is still debatable. The lymph node metastases are usually present at the time of the diagnosis and distal metastases may appear late during follow-up. At least 13 similar lesions have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with a mixed medullary papillary carcinoma found in a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule and negative pre-surgical serum calcitonin. After surgery, the patient started suppressive L-thyroxine therapy and underwent radioiodine ablation. The follow-up for both papillary and medullary components has shown no signs of persistence or recurrence of disease five years after surgery. However, the rarity of the MMPCs makes the management and the prognosis of these tumors still unclear.
Sildenafil Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Paclitaxel in an ABCB1-Mediated Multidrug Resistance Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Kamlesh Sodani  , Amit K. Tiwari  , Chun-Ling Dai  , Alaa H. Abuznait  , Atish Patel  , Zhi-Jie Xiao  , Charles R. Ashby  , Amal Kaddoumi  , Li-Wu Fu  , Zhe-Sheng Chen  
Published: August 2014

The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters can produce multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. Previous in vitro studies from our group reported that sildenafil significantly inhibits the efflux function of the ABCB1/P-glycoprotein transporter in vitro. This investigation examined the effect of sildenafil on the ABCB1 transporter-mediated MDR in vivo. A nude mouse ABCB1 overexpressing-xenograft model was used to examine the effect of sildenafil in vivo. The concentration of paclitaxel in tumors and plasma was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sildenafil attenuated tumor growth synergistically, and this occurred without significant weight loss or other overt phenotypic changes. The action of sildenafil can be attributed to the inhibition of the ABCB1-mediated drug efflux, thereby increasing the concentration of paclitaxel in ABCB1-overexpressing tumors. The potentiation of the pharmacologic action of paclitaxel by sildenafil suggests that it may be useful in treating cancers that overexpress the ABCB1 transporter.
A descriptor list for Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) and its cultivars in the Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: Rao Shiwangni , Taylor Mary , Jokhan Anjeela 
Published: August 2014

Atoll islands are the diversity hot spots for Cyrtosperma merkusii (giant swamp taro) and its traditional knowledge,
especially in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). In these atolls and islands the giant aroid is given high importance in the food, cultural and traditional systems. Despite this, a significant lack of knowledge and threat of salt water intrusion in the face of climate change exists for the aroid. To curb this issue a classification descriptor list using the taro descriptors (1999) and traditional knowledge of the FSM farmers was developed. The descriptor list was then employed to classify the many cultivars present in FSM. The list consisted of 37 morphological traits divided into plant habit leaves, petiole, inflorescence, root, corm, taste and special characteristics. Using this descriptor list 40 distinct FSM cultivars was classified, four of which were unknown to the locals namely PF1, Semesrao, Liha mwahu and Nah. The results of the classification provided some knowledge of the various cultivars and also showed that diversity did exist within the gene pool of the aroid. With further research and documentation the diversity that exist within the gene pool of the aroid can be explored and utilized to buffer the impacts of salt water intrusion, while conserving the aroid and building its knowledge base.
Penetration depth of diapycnal mixing generated by wind stress and flow over topography in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Yongsheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe role of turbulent diapycnal mixing in the northwestern Pacific was estimated by employing a fine‐scale parameterization method based on 6756 high‐resolution CTD profiles spanning a period of 8 years from the Japan Oceanography Data Center (JODC) and the Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS). The rate of turbulent mixing in the upper ocean within 300–1800 m depth displayed a distinct seasonal cycle, bearing a statistically significant correlation to wind‐induced near‐inertial energy flux (hereafter denoted by WNEF). Enhanced turbulent mixing was also found near the rough seafloor relative to that over smooth topography. Enhanced dissipation at surface and bottom was found to be able to penetrate the ocean interior up to 1800 m and 3300 m, respectively, with penetration depths varying with the WNEF and topographic roughness. Our study here provides evidence for the important role of near‐inertial energy input from wind stress and the influence of bottom topography in maintaining mixing in the ocean interior.
Fast transport of resonant electrons in phase space due to nonlinear trapping by whistler waves
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Vasiliev A. A. , Mourenas D. , Agapitov O. V. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Boscher D. , Rolland G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present an analytical, simplified formulation accounting for the fast transport of relativistic electrons in phase space due to wave‐particle resonant interactions in the inhomogeneous magnetic field of Earth's radiation belts. We show that the usual description of the evolution of the particle velocity distribution based on the Fokker‐Planck equation can be modified to incorporate nonlinear processes of wave‐particle interaction, including particle trapping. Such a modification consists in one additional operator describing fast particle jumps in phase space. The proposed, general approach is used to describe the acceleration of relativistic electrons by oblique whistler waves in the radiation belts. We demonstrate that for a wave power distribution with a hard enough power law tail such that η < 5/2, the efficiency of nonlinear acceleration could be more effective than the conventional quasi‐linear acceleration for 100 keV electrons.
Inversion for the physical parameters that control the source dynamics of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Twardzik C. , Das S. , Madariaga R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA fully dynamic inversion for the earthquake source process, in which the geometry of the rupture area, the stress conditions, and frictional properties on the fault are obtained, is carried out by inverting displacement records for the 2004Mw6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake. The rupture area of the earthquake is modeled using elliptical patches, and seismograms from 10 near‐field digital stations are used. Synthetic tests to investigate the performance of the inversion in retrieving the rupture process demonstrate that we can reliably recover the large‐scale features of the spatiotemporal distribution of slip. To investigate the stress conditions and frictional properties of the fault under which we produce a rupture model that fits the observed data, we explore the parameter space using a Monte Carlo method and find an optimal region where the source models fit the data well. The best fitting rupture process is shown to occur mainly within one horizontal elliptical region, 22 km long along strike and 4 km wide along depth. The seismic moment is 1.2 × 1018N m, and the stress drop over the ellipse is ∼4 MPa. The rupture speed, nearly constant during the entire rupture process, is ∼2.9 km/s. The dimensionless quantityκ(roughly the strain energy change per unit fault surface divided by the energy release rate), which includes information on the stress and frictional properties on the fault, is found to be ∼1.4 for the ellipse and strongly controls the rupture process along with the size of the initial circular patch that initiates the earthquake.
Differences in gravity wave drag between realistic oblique and assumed vertical propagation
Authors: Kalisch Silvio , Preusse Peter , Ern Manfred , Eckermann Stephen D. , Riese Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGravity wave (GW) parametrizations for general circulation models (GCMs) restrict the propagation of GWs to the vertical direction. The influence of this vertical‐only propagation assumption on the distribution of GW drag (GWD) has not yet been investigated. Thus, we present results of two global GW ray tracing simulations, one with full three‐dimensional propagation (GWO) and a second one with vertical‐only propagation (GWV) of GWs for January and July 2008. The Gravity wave Regional Or Global RAy Tracer (GROGRAT) was used to perform these simulations with a global homogeneous and isotropic launch distribution. Both simulations, GWO and GWV, are analyzed with respect to GWD in the zonal and meridional direction. The location of zonal GWD maxima changes. GWO shows in comparison to GWV a poleward shift of zonal GWD in both seasons with increased GWD at the summer stratopause. The meridional GWD is much stronger in the GWO case, spatially correlated with the zonal drag, and is generally poleward directed. These features in zonal and meridional drag are consistent with a general prevalence of poleward propagation of GWs. Additional simulations suggest that this is due to the Coriolis effect as well as wind filtering around the tropopause, allowing more GWs to propagate into the middle atmosphere. We infer how GWs of different horizontal wavelengths and phase speeds cause the main differences in GWD in the middle atmosphere. A simple test for GCMs is proposed to assess the effects of the altered meridional drag on the general circulation and the interaction with planetary waves.
Boundary layer regulation in the southeast Atlantic cloud microphysics during the biomass burning season as seen by the A‐train satellite constellation
Authors: Painemal David , Kato Seiji , Minnis Patrick 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSolar radiation absorption by biomass burning aerosols has a strong warming effect over the southeast Atlantic. Interactions between the overlying smoke aerosols and low‐level cloud microphysics and the subsequent albedo perturbation are, however, generally ignored in biomass burning radiative assessments. In this study, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) are combined with Aqua satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR‐E), and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) to assess the effect of variations in the boundary layer height and the separation distance between the cloud and aerosol layers on the cloud microphysics. The merged data analyzed at a daily temporal resolution suggest that overlying smoke aerosols modify cloud properties by decreasing cloud droplet size despite an increase in the cloud liquid water as boundary layer deepens, north of 5°S. These changes are controlled by the proximity of the aerosol layer to the cloud top rather than increases in the column aerosol load. The correlations are unlikely driven by meteorological factors, as three predictors of cloud variability, lower tropospheric stability, surface winds, and mixing ratio suggest that cloud effective radius, cloud top height, and liquid water path should correlate positively. Because cloud effective radius anticorrelates with cloud liquid water over the region with large microphysical changes—north of 5°S—the overall radiative consequence at the top of the atmosphere is a strong albedo susceptibility, equivalent to a 3% albedo increase due to a 10% decrease in cloud effective radius. This albedo enhancement partially offsets the aerosol solar absorption. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of accounting for the indirect effect of smoke aerosols in the cloud microphysics when estimating the radiative impact of the biomass burning at the top of the atmosphere.
Equatorial Pacific productivity changes near the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary
Authors: Moore T. C. , Wade Bridget S. , Westerhold Thomas , Erhardt Andrea M. , Coxall Helen K. , Baldauf Jack , Wagner Meghan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThere is general agreement that productivity in high latitudes increased in the late Eocene and remained high in the early Oligocene. Evidence for both increased and decreased productivity across the Eocene‐Oligocene transition (EOT) in the tropics has been presented, usually based on only one paleoproductivity proxy and often in sites with incomplete recovery of the EOT itself. A complete record of the Eocene‐Oligocene transition was obtained at three drill sites in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (ODP Site 1218 and IODP Sites U1333 and U1334). Four paleoproductivity proxies that have been examined at these sites, together with carbon and oxygen isotope measurements on early Oligocene planktonic foraminifera, give evidence of ecologic and oceanographic change across this climatically important boundary. Export productivity dropped sharply in the basal Oligocene (~33.7 Ma) and only recovered several hundred thousand years later; however, overall paleoproductivity in the early Oligocene never reached the average levels found in the late Eocene and in more modern times. Changes in the isotopic gradients between deep‐ and shallow‐living planktonic foraminifera suggest a gradual shoaling of the thermocline through the early Oligocene that, on average, affected accumulation rates of barite, benthic foraminifera, and opal, as well as diatom abundance near 33.5 Ma. An interval with abundant large diatoms beginning at 33.3 Ma suggests an intermediate thermocline depth, which was followed by further shoaling, a dominance of smaller diatoms, and an increase in average primary productivity as estimated from accumulation rates of benthic foraminifera.
‘This Is the Person You Selected’: Eyewitnesses' Blindness for Their Own Facial Recognition Decisions
Authors: Sagana Anna , Sauerland Melanie , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe aim of the current research was to identify conditions under which choice blindness in facial recognition decisions occurs. In five experiments, participants watched four mock‐crime videos and made choices that were either evaluative (Experiment 1) or absolute in nature (Experiments 2a–c and 3). When participants were subsequently asked to motivate their choice, they were sometimes presented with choices they had not made. For evaluative decisions, concurrent (27%) and retrospective blindness rates (21%) were relatively low compared with previous studies. For absolute decisions, choice‐blindness rates varied, depending on when exposure to the manipulated outcome took place (immediate: concurrent 32–35%, retrospective 0–6% [Experiments 2a–c]; 48 hours' delay: concurrent 68%, retrospective 39% [Experiment 3]). We argue that blindness for facial recognition decisions is more likely for evaluative decisions and for longer intervals between decision and manipulation and also for conditions of increased task complexity, which we interpret in terms of ambiguity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Product Placement in Text Can Influence Consumer Judgments
Authors: Storm Benjamin C. , Stoller Eve 
Published: August 2014

SummaryFive experiments explored the consequences of exposure to product placement in text. In each experiment, participants read three short stories containing the names of several brand‐name products. When given a surprise judgment task asking them to rate their likelihood of purchasing a number of brands—some of which were placed and some of which were not placed—participants rated placed brands significantly higher than non‐placed brands. This effect of product placement was observed even when participants were warned about product placement prior to reading the stories, and even when participants reported having a negative opinion about product placement as a form of advertisement. Under some conditions, however, the effect did interact with brand familiarity, such that judgments of familiar brands were affected less by product placement than were judgments of unfamiliar brands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Designed Conformational Shift To Control Protein Binding Specificity
Authors: Michielssens Servaas , Peters Jan Henning , Ban David , Pratihar Supriya , Seeliger Daniel , Sharma Monika , Giller Karin , Sabo Thomas Michael , Becker Stefan , Lee Donghan , Griesinger Christian , de Groot Bert L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn a conformational selection scenario, manipulating the populations of binding‐competent states should be expected to affect protein binding. We demonstrate how in silico designed point mutations within the core of ubiquitin, remote from the binding interface, change the binding specificity by shifting the conformational equilibrium of the ground‐state ensemble between open and closed substates that have a similar population in the wild‐type protein. Binding affinities determined by NMR titration experiments agree with the predictions, thereby showing that, indeed, a shift in the conformational equilibrium enables us to alter ubiquitin’s binding specificity and hence its function. Thus, we present a novel route towards designing specific binding by a conformational shift through exploiting the fact that conformational selection depends on the concentration of binding‐competent substates.
Morphology development, melt linear viscoelastic properties and crystallinity of polylactide/polyethylene/organoclay blend nanocomposites
Authors: Abdolrasouli Mehdi Haji , Nazockdast Hossein , Sadeghi Gity Mir Mohamad , Kaschta Joachim 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPolylactide/polyethylene blends (PLA/PE) and their nanocomposites were prepared via the melt blending process. The effects of organoclay, compatibilizer (PE‐g‐MA), and PE content on morphology, linear viscoelastic properties of the melt and cold crystallization of the samples have been studied. The Palierne model is applied to predict the rheological behavior of unfilled blends. It implies that there is a quantitative agreement between model and experimental data for low PE content blend. From WAXD and the rheological behavior, it is shown that organoclay exhibits a higher extent of intercalation and dispersion in PLA/PE/organoclay nanocomposite than in PLA/organoclay nanocomposite. The DSC results present that the addition of compatibilizer into blend nanocomposite increases cold crystallization temperature of PLA by about 3°C. This can be explained by the role of compatibilizer in transfer of a part of organoclay from PLA matrix to droplets resulting in increase of PLA chain mobility and, therefore, slightly greater cold crystallization temperature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41300.
Impact of High Ytterbium(III) Concentration in the Shell on Upconversion Luminescence of Core–Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Lei Lei , Chen Daqin , Zhu Wenjuan , Xu Ju , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAfter coating 20 Yb/2 Er:NaGdF4 core nanocrystals with a NaYbF4 shell, upconversion emission of the rare earth ions weakens. So far, the exact reason for this phenomenon is still unclear due to lack of the direct evidence. In this report, a core@shell@shell sandwich‐like structure is designed and fabricated to investigate this phenomenon. We find that high Yb3+ concentration in the shell has mainly two adverse impacts: it promotes not only the deleterious back energy transfer from Er3+ in the core to Yb3+ in the shell but also the energy transfer from Yb3+ in the core to Yb3+ in the shell. To obtain nanocrystals with high upconversion efficency, appropriate Yb3+ concentration should be introduced into the shell or the transition layer.