bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiscal transparency and the cost of sovereign debt
Authors: Bastida Francisco , Guillamón María-Dolores , Benito Bernardino 
Published: June 2015

This article analyses the factors that seem to play an important role in determining the cost of sovereign debt. Specifically, we evaluate to what extent transparency, the level of corruption, citizens’ trust in politicians and credit ratings affect interest rates. For that purpose, we create a transparency index matching the 2007 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/World Bank Budgeting Database items with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Best Practices for Budget Transparency sections. We also check our assumptions with the International Budget Partnership’s Open Budget Index and with a non-linear transformation of our index. Furthermore, we use several control variables for a sample of 103 countries in the year 2008. Our results show that better fiscal transparency, political trust and credit ratings are connected with a lower cost of sovereign debt. Finally, as expected, higher corruption, budget deficits, current account deficits and unemployment make sovereign interest rates increase. Points for practitioners The key implications for professionals working in public management and administration are twofold. First, despite the criticism raised by credit ratings, it is clear that poorer ratings are connected with higher financing costs for governments. Therefore, governments should enhance those indicators that impact the credit rating of their sovereign debt. Second, governments should seek to be more transparent, since transparency reduces uncertainty about the degree of cheating, improves decision-making and therefore decreases the cost of debt. Transparency reduces information asymmetries between governments and financial markets, which, in turn, diminishes the spread requested by investors.
Relationship Between Quadriceps Strength and Patellofemoral Joint Chondral Lesions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Hai-Jun , Ao Ying-Fang , Jiang Dong , Gong Xi , Wang Yong-Jian , Wang Jian , Yu Jia-Kuo 
Published: June 2015

Background: The incidence of the patellofemoral joint chondral lesions after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is disturbingly high. Few studies have assessed the factors affecting patellofemoral joint chondral lesions postoperatively. Hypothesis: The recovery of quadriceps strength after ACLR could be associated with patellofemoral joint cartilage damage. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 88 patients who underwent arthroscopic anatomic double-bundle ACLR with hamstring autografts received second-look arthroscopy at the time of metal staple removal at an average of 24.1 months (range, 12-51 months) postoperatively. All patients underwent standardized isokinetic strength testing for bilateral quadriceps and hamstrings 1 to 2 days before second-look arthroscopy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Patients in group 1 had a ≥20% deficit on the peak torque measures for quadriceps compared with that of the contralateral knee, whereas those in group 2 had a <20% deficit on peak torque. Cartilage status at the patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint were evaluated by second-look arthroscopy and the Outerbridge classification. Other assessments included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner and Lysholm scores, side-to-side difference on KT-2000 arthrometer, and range of motion. Results: There were 42 patients included in group 1 and 46 patients in group 2. The mean postoperative quadriceps peak torque of the involved knee compared with the contralateral knee was 70% (range, 57%-80%) in group 1 and 95% (range, 81%-116%) in group 2. For all patients, a significant worsening was seen in the patellar and trochlear cartilage ( P = .030 and <.001, respectively) but not at the medial or lateral tibiofemoral joint after ACLR. A significant worsening in the status of both patellar and trochlear cartilage was seen after ACLR in group 1 ( P = .013 and =.011, respectively) and of trochlear cartilage in group 2 ( P = .006). Significantly fewer severe chondral lesions of the patella were found in group 2 than in group 1 (proportion of patients whose cartilage grade worsened: 26% vs 48%, P < .05; difference in cartilage grade: 0.09 vs 0.62, P < .05). There was no significant difference for trochlear chondral worsening between the 2 groups. No significant differences were detected between the 2 groups in terms of hamstring strength; Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores; KT-2000 arthrometer anterior laxity; or range of motion. Conclusion: Greater than 80% recovery of quadriceps strength after ACLR is associated with less severe patellar cartilage damage at short-term follow-up.
Borna disease virus infection in cats
Authors: Lutz Hans , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview: Borna disease virus (BDV) has a broad host range, affecting primarily horses and sheep, but also cattle, ostriches, cats and dogs. In cats, BDV may cause a non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis (‘staggering disease’). Infection: The mode of transmission is not completely elucidated. Direct and indirect virus transmission is postulated, but BDV is not readily transmitted between cats. Vectors such as ticks may play a role and shrews have been identified as a potential reservoir host. Access to forested areas has been reported to be an important risk factor for staggering disease. Disease signs: It is postulated that BDV may infect nerve endings in the oropharynx and spread via olfactory nerve cells to the central nervous sytem. A strong T-cell response may contribute to the development of clinical disease. Affected cats develop gait disturbances, ataxia, pain in the lower back and behavioural changes. Diagnosis: For diagnostic purposes, detection of viral RNA by reverse transcription PCR in samples collected from cats with clinical signs of Borna disease can be considered diagnostic. Serology is of little value; cats without signs of Borna disease may be seropositive and yet not every cat with BDV infection has detectable levels of antibodies. Human infection: A hypothesis that BDV infection may be involved in the development of selected neurological disorders in man could not be confirmed. A research group within the German Robert Koch Institute studied the potential health threat of BDV to humans and concluded that BDV was not involved in the aetiology of human psychiatric diseases.
West Nile virus infection in cats
Authors: Egberink Herman , Addie Diane D , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Horzinek Marian C , Hosie Margaret J , Marsilio Fulvio , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Möstl Karin ,   European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases
Published: June 2015

Overview: West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus with a broad host range that infects mainly birds and mosquitos, but also mammals (including humans), reptiles, amphibians and ticks. It is maintained in a bird–mosquito–bird transmission cycle. The most important vectors are bird-feeding mosquitos of the Culex genus; maintenance and amplification mainly involve passerine birds. WNV can cause disease in humans, horses and several species of birds following infection of the central nervous system. Infection in cats: Cats can also be infected through mosquito bites, and by eating infected small mammals and probably also birds. Although seroprevalence in cats can be high in endemic areas, clinical disease and mortality are rarely reported. If a cat is suspected of clinical signs due to an acute WNV infection, symptomatic treatment is indicated.
Update on a Quality Initiative to Standardize Perioperative Care for Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy
Authors: Mackey Patricia A. , Thompson Bithika M. , Boyle Mary E. , Apsey Heidi A. , Seifert Karen M. , Schlinkert Richard T. , Stearns Joshua D. , Cook Curtiss B. 
Published: June 2015

Objective: The objective of the analysis was to review the effectiveness of a care process model (CPM) developed to guide management of patients on insulin pump therapy undergoing elective surgical procedures. Methods: Electronic medical records were reviewed to assess the impact of the CPM on documentation of insulin pump status, glucose monitoring, and safety during the perioperative phase of care. Post-CPM care was compared with management provided before CPM implementation. Results: We reviewed 45 cases on insulin pump therapy in the pre-CPM cohort and 106 in the post-CPM cohort. Demographic characteristics, categories of surgery, and perioperative times were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Recommended hemoglobin A1c monitoring occurred in 73% of cases in the pre-CPM cohort but improved to 94% in the post-CPM group ( P < .01). There was a higher frequency of documentation of the insulin pump during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postanesthesia care unit segments of care in the post- vs pre-CPM periods (all P < .01). The number of cases with intraoperative glucose monitoring increased (57% pre-CPM vs 81% post-CPM; P < .01). Glycemic control was comparable between the 2 CPM periods. Hypoglycemia was rare, with only 3 episodes in the pre-CPM group and 4 in the post-CPM. No adverse events associated with perioperative insulin pump use were observed. Conclusions: This analysis adds to previous data on use of insulin pump therapy during the perioperative period. Some processes require additional attention, but data continue to indicate that a standardized approach to care can lead to a successful and safe transition of insulin pump therapy throughout the perioperative period.
Controlled growth of Si-based heterostructure nanowires and their structural and electrical properties
Authors: Qian Guanghan , Rahman Saadah Abdul , Goh Boon Tong 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Ni-catalyzed Si-based heterostructure nanowires grown on crystal Si substrates by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) were studied. The nanowires which included NiSi nanowires, NiSi/Si core-shell nanowires, and NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires were grown by varying the filament temperature T
f from 1150 to 1850 °C. At a T
f of 1450 °C, the heterostructure nanowires were formed by crystalline NiSi and crystalline Si that were attributed to the core and shell of the nanowires, respectively. The morphology of the nanowires showed significant changes with the increase in the filament temperature to 1850 °C. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen heat transfer from the filament temperature demonstrated significant phase changes from NiSi to Ni2Si with increase in the filament temperature. The increased filament temperature also enhanced reactions in the gas phase thus generating more SiC clusters and consequently formed the NiSi/SiC heterostructure core-shell nanowires at T
f of 1850 °C. This paper discusses the role of filament temperatures on the growth and constituted phase change of the nanowires as well as their electrical characteristics.
Influence of a strict glucose protocol on serum potassium and glucose concentrations and their association with mortality in intensive care patients
Authors: Uijtendaal Esther V. , Zwart-van Rijkom Jeannette E.F. , de Lange Dylan W. , Lalmohamed Arief , van Solinge Wouter W. , Egberts Toine C.G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Tight glucose control therapy (TGC) has been implemented to control hyperglycemia in ICU patients. TGC may also influence serum potassium concentrations. We therefore investigated the influence of TGC on both serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations and associated mortality.

Method
We performed a retrospective analysis including all patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital for 24 hours or more and with at least three serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations between 1999–2001 (conventional period), 2002–2006 (implementation period) or 2007–2009 (TGC period). Segmented regression analysis was used to estimate changes in outcomes that occurred after the intervention controlling for pre-intervention trends. Means and standard deviations (SDs) of serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations, and rate of severe hypoglycemia (≤2.2 mmol/L) and hypokalemia (≤3 mmol/L), were compared between the TGC and conventional period.

Results
Although mean serum glucose concentrations dropped 2.1 mmol/L (95 % CI =−1.8 to −2.3 mmol/L, p<0.002), mean serum potassium concentrations did not change (absolute increase 0.02 mmol/L; 95 % CI = −0.06 to 0.09 mmol/L, p=0.64). The rate of severe hypoglycemia increased with 5.9 % (95 % CI=−3.0 to −8.9, p<0.002), but the rate of hypokalemia remained equal (absolute reduction 4.8 %; 95 % CI = −11.1 % to 1.5 %, p=0.13). The SD of serum glucose concentrations within a patient did not change, while the SD of serum potassium concentrations even decreased 0.04 mmol/L (95 % CI = −0.01 to −0.07, p=0.01). ICU mortality decreased but this decrease was not significant (absolute difference −3.63 %; 95 % CI = −9.33 to 2.09, p=0.20).
Mean serum glucose concentrations, mean serum potassium concentrations and SDs of both serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations were all independently associated with ICU mortality. Highest mortality rates were seen at both the lowest and highest mean values (U/J-shaped association) and mortality rates increased with increasing variability (SDs) for both serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations.

Conclusion
Our study shows that a TGC was not associated with an increased risk of serum potassium related events. Low and high mean values and high variability of both serum glucose and serum potassium concentrations are predictors for high ICU mortality.
FOXM1 binds directly to non-consensus sequences in the human genome
Authors: Sanders Deborah A. , Gormally Michael V. , Marsico Giovanni , Beraldi Dario , Tannahill David , Balasubramanian Shankar 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
The Forkhead (FKH) transcription factor FOXM1 is a key regulator of the cell cycle and is overexpressed in most types of cancer. FOXM1, similar to other FKH factors, binds to a canonical FKH motif in vitro. However, genome-wide mapping studies in different cell lines have shown a lack of enrichment of the FKH motif, suggesting an alternative mode of chromatin recruitment. We have investigated the role of direct versus indirect DNA binding in FOXM1 recruitment by performing ChIP-seq with wild-type and DNA binding deficient FOXM1.

Results
An in vitro fluorescence polarization assay identified point mutations in the DNA binding domain of FOXM1 that inhibit binding to a FKH consensus sequence. Cell lines expressing either wild-type or DNA binding deficient GFP-tagged FOXM1 were used for genome-wide mapping studies comparing the distribution of the DNA binding deficient protein to the wild-type. This shows that interaction of the FOXM1 DNA binding domain with target DNA is essential for recruitment. Moreover, analysis of the protein interactome of wild-type versus DNA binding deficient FOXM1 shows that the reduced recruitment is not due to inhibition of protein-protein interactions.

Conclusions
A functional DNA binding domain is essential for FOXM1 chromatin recruitment. Even in FOXM1 mutants with almost complete loss of binding, the protein-protein interactions and pattern of phosphorylation are largely unaffected. These results strongly support a model whereby FOXM1 is specifically recruited to chromatin through co-factor interactions by binding directly to non-canonical DNA sequences.
Is There a Bitter Flavor in Sustainability for the Sugar-Alcohol Industry?
Authors: Paiva Ely Laureano , Biazzin Cristiane , Di Serio Luiz Carlos , De Andrade Marta Cleia Ferreira 
Published: June 2015

Biofuel has been pointed out as one “green” option for traditional fossil fuels like petroleum. Brazil is one the leading countries within this proposal competing globally with its sugar ethanol.. Nevertheless, there is a debate between corn ethanol and sugar ethanol .regarding the appropriateness to produce fuel instead of food in highly fertile regions. This industry is also severely criticized regarding its socio-environmental practices. We analyzed three cases identified as featuring best practices in this industry in Brazil. Two of the companies are located in the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, the most important region in sugar-ethanol production. The third is situated in the Brazilian Midwest, a region with fast growth in this industry. In this region, cattle, soy and corn have been substitute by sugarcane plantation. The results suggest that, when a company in this industry pursues a sustainable approach to its operations, it is possible to mitigate environmental impacts and to improve local social conditions. Such practices are potential sources of competitive advantage. However, clear gaps are still present regarding integration and collaboration along the supply chain. Nevertheless, sustainable business policies have also created new business opportunities. The continuous challenge is to develop synergetic operational capabilities that are able to mitigate environmental impacts, to decrease operational costs and to add value to the products.DOI:10.12660/joscmv8n1p45-56URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv8n1p46-56
Costume drama: Diana Vreeland’s ‘Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design’
Authors: Buick Nadia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article examines the legacy of Diana Vreeland’s 1974 exhibition ‘Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design’ for contemporary curatorial approaches to Hollywood costume exhibitions. Staged during her time as a Special Consultant at the Costume Institute, this was the first blockbuster exhibition of Hollywood costume held in a major museum. Alongside exploring its historical significance, I argue that this exhibition offers particular insights into Vreeland’s body of work, articulating a synergy between curator and subject matter. To illustrate the ongoing influence of ‘Romantic and Glamorous Hollywood Design’, I explore a contemporary curatorial project, ‘Costumes from the Golden Age of Hollywood’, which has direct and indirect connections to Vreeland’s exhibition.
Curdled milk for the masses: The Paradise, Mr Selfridge and the seductive spectacle of the department store
Authors: Grace Tony , Jamieson Gill 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In 2010 the BBC commissioned an ambitious adaptation of Émile Zola’s Au Bonheur des Dames/The Ladies’ Paradise ([1883] 2012) by established dramatist Bill Gallagher. Transposing Zola’s story to Victorian England, Gallagher hoped that its topicality, set during a time of great social change, would resonate with a contemporary audience familiar with a dying high street and endless online shopping. The BBC targeted the global interest in British, quality period drama following the phenomenal success of Downton Abbey (2010). The Paradise aired in September 2012 but would run for only two series before being summarily decommissioned. Brutal market forces occasioned this dramatic change in fortunes. ITV had launched their own rival department store series about an American entrepreneur and his ambitious wife, Mr Selfridge (2012), capturing the audience desired by the BBC. This article contextualizes both productions and their audience appeal. At a time of economic austerity, with ‘make do and mend’ regarded as a virtue, and the high street struggling to survive as online shopping expands, what are we to make of the nostalgia for the traditional department store and its pleasures? Why did The Paradise fail to resonate with the domestic where Mr Selfridge succeeded?
The ghost of cultures past: Fashion, Hollywood and the end of everything
Authors: Radner Hilary 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The much heralded end of cinema, as well as the less loudly proclaimed end of fashion, raise crucial issues with regard to the relations between film as a social institution and the growth and propagation of consumer culture particularly in the form of dress and other items of self-adornment. Exploring the economic, cultural and technological changes that have lead to significant shifts in the nature of both cinema, as a social institution and a mode of representation, and the fashion system suggests continuities as well as breaks from the past, the consequences of which will not be fully encompassed without further significant interdisciplinary research.
‘I don’t want orange trees, I want something that others don’t have’: Ottoman Head-Gardeners after Mahmud II
Authors: Türker Denіz 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Among the many effects of the Tanzimat period’s political and cultural reforms was an overhaul of the physical appearance of the house of Osman. Borrowing from their immediate predecessor Selim III, sultans of the nineteenth century hired foreign horticultural experts to design their imperial gardens. The new post of the head-gardener, continually refilled by European expatriates until the early twentieth century, would revitalize the once prominent, pre-Tanzimat court institution of the gardeners’ corps. This article provides an in-depth look at the first of these figures, Christian Sester from Bavaria, who would design and install the last and largest of these imperial sites – the groves of Çragan Palace that would later become the Yldz palatial complex – and in the process reconfigure the corps with a group of his disciples. Sester’s scholastic foundation in the vibrant European milieu of the German Enlightenment later primed him to become the ‘noble’ garden expert among the equally multicultural émigré community that he would form in the Ottoman capital.
Book Reviews
Authors: Luyster Amanda , Novikoff Alex J. , Campo Juan E. , Brend Barbara , Peirce Leslie , Aslan Rose 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries, Dionigi Albera and Maria Couroucli (eds.) (2012) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 290 pp., 1 b/w illus. ISBN 9780253356338, $70.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780253223173 $24.95 (paperback)
Muslims and Others in Sacred Space, Margaret Cormack (ed.) (2013) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 256 pp., 17 b/w illus. ISBN 9780199925049, $105.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780199925063, $36.95 (paperback)
The Islamic Villa in Early Medieval Iberia: Architecture and Court Culture in Umayyad Córdoba, Glaire D. Anderson (2013) Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 258 pp., 82 b/w illus., 16 colour illus., ISBN 9781409449430, $109.95 (hardback)
Routes and Realms: The Power of Place in the Early Islamic World, Zayde Antrim (2012) New York: Oxford University Press, 240 pp., 8 b/w illus. ISBN 9780199913879, $69.00 (hardback)
Picturing History at the Ottoman Court, Emіne Fetvaci (2013) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 332 pp., 102 colour illus. ISBN 9780253006783, $45.00 (hardback)
Women, Gender, and the Palace Households of Ottoman Tunisia, Amy Aisen Kallander (2013) Austin: University of Texas Press, 287 pp., 15 b/w illus. ISBN 9780292748385, $55.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781477302132, $25.00 (paperback)
The Shrines of the ‘Alids in Medieval Syria: Sunnis, Shi’is and the Architecture of Coexistence, Stephennie Mulder (2014) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 320 pp., 21 b/w illus., 121 colour illus. ISBN 9780748645794, $120.00 (hardback)
Some properties of chain recurrent sets in a nonautonomous discrete dynamical system
Authors: Thakkar Dhaval , Das Ruchi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we define chain recurrence and study properties of chain recurrent sets in a nonautonomous discrete dynamical system induced by a sequence of homeomorphisms on a compact metric space. We also study chain recurrent sets in a nonautonomous discrete system having shadowing property.