bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part IV. The Perseia Area
Authors: Taylour W. D. 
Published: October 2013

The following is an account of several excavations that I undertook on behalf of Professor Wace during the seasons of 1952 and 1953 at Mycenae. These were roughly confined to the area between the so-called Tombs of Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, but also included an extension to the east of the Perseia Fountain House, excavated in 1952. The excavations are dealt with under four sections which are as follows:1. Area Z (the extension east of the Perseia Fountain House).2. The East–West Wall (south of the Perseia Fountain House).3. The area round the Tomb of Aegisthus.4. The Great Poros Wall (on the east flank of the Tomb of Clytemnestra).
Risk factors for cholera transmission in Haiti during inter-peak periods: insights to improve current control strategies from two case-control studies
Authors: GRANDESSO F. , ALLAN M. , JEAN-SIMON P. S. J. , BONCY J. , BLAKE A. , PIERRE R. , ALBERTI K. P. , MUNGER A. , ELDER G. , OLSON D. , PORTEN K. , LUQUERO F. J. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYTwo community-based density case-control studies were performed to assess risk factors for cholera transmission during inter-peak periods of the ongoing epidemic in two Haitian urban settings, Gonaives and Carrefour. The strongest associations were: close contact with cholera patients (sharing latrines, visiting cholera patients, helping someone with diarrhoea), eating food from street vendors and washing dishes with untreated water. Protective factors were: drinking chlorinated water, receiving prevention messages via television, church or training sessions, and high household socioeconomic level. These findings suggest that, in addition to contaminated water, factors related to direct and indirect inter-human contact play an important role in cholera transmission during inter-peak periods. In order to reduce cholera transmission in Haiti intensive preventive measures such as hygiene promotion and awareness campaigns should be implemented during inter-peak lulls, when prevention activities are typically scaled back.
Upregulated expression of FGF13/FHF2 mediates resistance to platinum drugs in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Okada Tomoko , Murata Kazuhiro , Hirose Ryoma , Matsuda Chie , Komatsu Tsunehiko , Ikekita Masahiko , Nakawatari Miyako , Nakayama Fumiaki , Wakatsuki Masaru , Ohno Tatsuya , Kato Shingo , Imai Takashi , Imamura Toru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCancer cells often develop drug resistance. In cisplatin-resistant HeLa cisR cells, fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13/FHF2) gene and protein expression was strongly upregulated and intracellular platinum concentrations were kept low. When the FGF13 expression was suppressed, both the cells' resistance to platinum drugs and their ability to keep intracellular platinum low were abolished. Overexpression of FGF13 in parent cells led to greater resistance to cisplatin and reductions in the intracellular platinum concentration. These cisplatin-resistant cells also showed increased resistance to copper. In preoperative cervical cancer biopsy samples from poor prognoses patients after cisplatin chemoradiotherapy, FGF13-positive cells were detected more abundantly than in the biopsy samples from patients with good prognoses. These results suggest that FGF13 plays a pivotal role in mediating resistance to platinum drugs, possibly via a mechanism shared by platinum and copper. Our results point to FGF13 as a novel target and useful prognostic guide for cancer therapy.
Communication Modality Sampling for a Toddler With Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Hyppa Martin Jolene , Reichle Joe , Dimian Adele , Chen Mo 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
Vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes were implemented concurrently with a toddler with Angelman syndrome to identify the most efficiently learned communication mode to emphasize in an initial augmentative communication system.

Method
Symbols representing preferred objects were introduced in vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes using an alternating treatment single-subject experimental design. Conventionally accepted prompting strategies were used to teach symbols in each communication mode. Because the learner did not vocally imitate, vocal mode intervention focused on increasing vocal frequency as an initial step.

Results
When graphic and gestural mode performances were compared, the learner most accurately produced requests in graphic mode (percentage of nonoverlapping data = 96). Given the lack of success in prompting vocal productions, a comparison between vocal and the other two communication modes was not made.

Conclusion
A growing body of evidence suggests that concurrent modality sampling is a promising low-inference, data-driven procedure that can be used to inform selection of a communication mode(s) for initial emphasis with young children. Concurrent modality sampling can guide clinical decisions regarding the allocation of treatment resources to promote success in building an initial communicative repertoire.
orthAgogue: an agile tool for the rapid prediction of orthology relations
Authors: Ekseth Ole Kristian , Kuiper Martin , Mironov Vladimir 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The comparison of genes and gene products across species depends on high-quality tools to determine the relationships between gene or protein sequences from various species. Although some excellent applications are available and widely used, their performance leaves room for improvement.
Results: We developed orthAgogue: a multithreaded C application for high-speed estimation of homology relations in massive datasets, operated via a flexible and easy command-line interface.
Availability: The orthAgogue software is distributed under the GNU license. The source code and binaries compiled for Linux are available at https://code.google.com/p/orthagogue/.
Contact: orthagogue-issue-tracker@googlegroups.com
Efficient parameter estimation for models of healthcare-associated pathogen transmission in discrete and continuous time
Authors: Thomas Alun , Redd Andrew , Khader Karim , Leecaster Molly , Greene Tom , Samore Matthew 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We describe two novel Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches to computing estimates of parameters concerned with healthcare-associated infections. The first approach frames the discrete time, patient level, hospital transmission model as a Bayesian network, and exploits this framework to improve greatly on the computational efficiency of estimation compared with existing programs. The second approach is in continuous time and shares the same computational advantages. Both methods have been implemented in programs that are available from the authors. We use these programs to show that time discretization can lead to statistical bias in the underestimation of the rate of transmission of pathogens. We show that the continuous implementation has similar running time to the discrete implementation, has better Markov chain mixing properties, and eliminates the potential statistical bias. We, therefore, recommend its use when continuous-time data are available.
Truth-telling by Third-party Auditors and the Response of Polluting Firms: Experimental Evidence from India*
Authors: Duflo Esther , Greenstone Michael , Pande Rohini , Ryan Nicholas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In many regulated markets, private, third-party auditors are chosen and paid by the firms that they audit, potentially creating a conflict of interest. This article reports on a two-year field experiment in the Indian state of Gujarat that sought to curb such a conflict by altering the market structure for environmental audits of industrial plants to incentivize accurate reporting. There are three main results. First, the status quo system was largely corrupted, with auditors systematically reporting plant emissions just below the standard, although true emissions were typically higher. Second, the treatment caused auditors to report more truthfully and very significantly lowered the fraction of plants that were falsely reported as compliant with pollution standards. Third, treatment plants, in turn, reduced their pollution emissions. The results suggest reformed incentives for third-party auditors can improve their reporting and make regulation more effective.
Investigation of tool wear mechanism and tool geometry optimization in drilling of PCB fixture hole
Authors: Zheng Xiaohu , Dong Dapeng , Huang Lixin , Wang Xibin , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The paper aims to investigate tool wear mechanism and tool geometry optimization of drilling PCB fixture hole.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experimental study was carried out to investigate the chip formation and tool wear mechanism of drilling PCB fixture holes. Two types of drill with different types of chip-split groove were used in this study. The performances of these two types of drill bots were evaluated by tool wear and the shapes of chips.

Findings
– The chips of drilling fixture holes contain aluminum chips from the cover board, copper chips from the copper foil, discontinuous glass fiber and resin from the CFRP. Feed rate and drilling speed have a great influence on the chip morphology. Abrasive wear of the drill lip is the main reason of the fixture drill bit in drilling PCB, and micro-chipping is observed on the tool nose and chisel edge. The influence of distance between the chip-split groove and drill point center on the axial force and torque is not obvious.

Research limitations/implications
– In this paper, hole wall roughness and drilling temperature were not analyzed in the optimization of drilling parameters. The future research work should consider them.

Originality/value
– This paper investigated the mechanism of burr formation and tool wear in drilling of PCB fixture holes. Tool geometry was optimized by adding chip-split grooves.
Learning curve theory and innovation
Authors: Burr William , Pearne Nick 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look at innovation and the tension which arises between proprietorship and standardization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents an analysis of the learning curve theory in relation to the printed circuit board industry.

Findings
– The measurable impact of the learning curve will be different depending on a number of factors commonly found in the printed circuit industry – degree of process maturity/automation, run lengths, and presence of customized elements requiring modifications to process flow, materials, or procedures.

Originality/value
– There is no escape from continuing and inexorable downward price pressure from entrenched expectations and trends. A clear understanding of how these work will confer a competitive advantage to the strategist concerned with bringing innovative technologies to the marketplace.
The feel of experience: phenomenological ideas for organizational research
Authors: Tomkins Leah , Eatough Virginia 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to look at how phenomenology can be used to explore the meaning and experience of organizational life. It argues that phenomenology provides more than just themes or leitmotifs forpost hocanalysis of narrative data; in its basic formulation, phenomenology is a way of thinking – a method – which illuminates the embodied, subjective and inter-subjective qualities of the life-world.Design/methodology/approach– The paper follows Husserl's command to “go back to the things themselves” to access raw experience, asking ourselves, “what does experience mean phenomenologically?” We draw on the work of Merleau-Ponty to “flesh out” the embodied aspects of that phenomenological experience, outlining how the idea of a “field of presence” grounds our reflections in the here-and-now and gives our selfhood its coherence.Findings– The paper presents data on the diverse meanings of “experience” to suggest that phenomenological and organizational understandings can be differentiated in terms of both temporality and selfhood. The paper argues that these differentiations expose different ways of thinking about the world more generally, drawing on Husserl's philosophy of the “natural attitude” to propose that one of its derivations, an “organizational attitude”, is obscuring our view of embodied experience.Practical implications– The paper provides practical guidelines for those interested in researching the embodied, experiential qualities of organizational life. These emphasize the need to suspend the “organizational attitude”, modify how the authors position and explain the research, and attend to the interplay between the felt sense of the world and the words used to articulate it.Originality/value– The logic of the body helps the authors to work towards a more integrative, conciliatory epistemological position for qualitative organizational research. The paper uses a phenomenological view of embodiment – as both subjectively experienced and objectively presented to the world – to suggest that the body, particularly when it is sick, is giving us clues for how to conceptualize the life-world of work.
Activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 reduces ultraviolet B‐induced prostaglandin E2 production in keratinocytes
Authors: Park Nok‐Hyun , Na Yong‐Joo , Choi Hyang‐Tae , Cho Jun‐Cheol , Lee Hae‐Kwang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTransient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a member of the TRP family, and is activated at temperatures below 22°C, or by cooling compounds such as menthol. In this study, it was found that a new role of TRPM8 activation on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an inflammatory cytokine and dendritogenesis stimulator of normal human melanocytes. Normal human keratinocytes were pretreated with menthol or incubated at 22°C for TRPM8 activation before ultraviolet (UV)‐B irradiation. To examine the specificity between TRPM8 activation and PGE2 release, we inhibited TRPM8 with the antagonist (capsazepine), or introduced TRPM8 siRNA for a gene silencing experiment. UV‐B irradiation significantly induced PGE2 release in normal human keratinocytes. Interestingly, activation of TRPM8 at 22°C or with menthol inhibited UV‐B‐induced PGE2 release. The effect of the TRPM8 agonist was completely blocked by pretreatment with the TRPM8 antagonist, capsazepine. When TRPM8 expression was suppressed by siRNA, UV‐B irradiation still upregulated PGE2 in keratinocytes, but pretreatment of menthol or low temperature did not inhibit UV‐B‐induced PGE2. In conclusion, the activation of TRPM8 inhibits UV‐B‐induced PGE2 production in keratinocytes, and the activation of TRPM8 may reduce inflammatory responses in skin.
Bacterial pathogens, virulence mechanism and host defence in marine macroalgae
Authors: Egan Suhelen , Fernandes Neil Daniel , Kumar Vipra , Gardiner Melissa , Thomas Torsten 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMacroalgae are important ecosystem engineers in temperate marine waters. The function of macroalgae is intimately linked to the composition and structure of their epibiotic bacterial, communities, and evidence has emerged that bacteria can also have a negative impact on their host by causing disease. A few examples exist where bacteria have been unambiguously linked to macroalgal disease, however in many cases, pathogenicity has not been clearly separated from saprophytic behaviour or secondary colonization after disease initiation. Nevertheless, pathogenic pressure by bacteria might be substantial, as macroalgae have evolved a range of innate and induced defence mechanism that have the potential to control bacterial attacks. The presence and abundance of virulence factors in marine bacteria, which have not previously been recognized as pathogens, also represents an underappreciated, opportunistic potential for disease. Given that virulence expression in opportunistic pathogens is often dependent on environmental conditions, we predict that current and future anthropogenic changes in the marine environment will lead to an increase in the occurrence of macroalgal disease. This review highlights important areas of research that require future attention to understand the link between environmental change, opportunistic pathogens and macroalgal health in the world's oceans.
Using Spatial, Temporal and Evidence‐status Data to Improve Ballistic Imaging Performance
Authors: Yang Yan , Koffman Avi , Hocherman Gil , Wein Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFirearms identification imaging systems help solve crimes by comparing newly acquired images of cartridge casings or bullets to a database of images obtained from past crime scenes. We formulate an optimization problem that bases its matching decisions not only on the similarity between pairs of images, but also on the time and spatial location of each new acquisition and each database entry. The objective is to maximize the detection probability subject to a constraint on the false positive rate. We use data on all cartridge casings matches detected in Israel during 2006–2008 to estimate most of the model parameters. We estimate matching accuracy from two different studies and predict that the optimal use of extraneous information would increase the detection probability from 0.931 to 0.987 and from 0.707 to 0.844, respectively. These improvements are achieved by favoring pairs of images that are closer together in space and time.
DNA barcoding of tropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand
Authors: Pramual Pairot , Adler Peter H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe ecological and medical importance of black flies drives the need for rapid and reliable identification of these minute, structurally uniform insects. We assessed the efficiency of DNA barcoding for species identification of tropical black flies. A total of 351 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences were obtained from 41 species in six subgenera of the genus Simulium in Thailand. Despite high intraspecific genetic divergence (mean = 2.00%, maximum = 9.27%), DNA barcodes provided 96% correct identification. Barcodes also differentiated cytoforms of selected species complexes, albeit with varying levels of success. Perfect differentiation was achieved for two cytoforms of Simulium feuerborni, and 91% correct identification was obtained for the Simulium angulistylum complex. Low success (33%), however, was obtained for the Simulium siamense complex. The differential efficiency of DNA barcodes to discriminate cytoforms was attributed to different levels of genetic structure and demographic histories of the taxa. DNA barcode trees were largely congruent with phylogenies based on previous molecular, chromosomal and morphological analyses, but revealed inconsistencies that will require further evaluation.
Novel region discovery method for Infinium 450K DNA methylation data reveals changes associated with aging in muscle and neuronal pathways
Authors: Ong Mei‐Lyn , Holbrook Joanna Dawn 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe describe a methodology for detecting differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and variably methylated regions (VMRs), in data from Infinium 450K arrays that are very widely used in epigenetic studies. Region detection is more specific than single CpG analysis as it increases the extent of common findings between studies, and is more powerful as it reduces the multiple testing problem inherent in epigenetic whole‐genome association studies (EWAS). In addition, results driven by single erroneous probes are removed. We have used multiple publicly available Infinium 450K data sets to generate a consensus list of DMRs for age, supporting the hypothesis that aging is associated with specific epigenetic modifications. The consensus aging DMRs are significantly enriched for muscle biogenesis pathways. We find a massive increase in VMRs with age and in regions of the genome associated with open chromatin and neurotransmission. Old age VMRs are significantly enriched for neurotransmission pathways. EWAS studies should investigate the role of this interindividual variation in DNA methylation, in the age‐associated diseases of sarcopenia and dementia.
The relationship between cannabis outcome expectancies and cannabis refusal self‐efficacy in a treatment population
Authors: Connor Jason P. , Gullo Matthew J. , Feeney Gerald F. X. , Kavanagh David J. , Young Ross McD. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and aimsSelf‐efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies are central to Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Alcohol studies demonstrate the theoretical and clinical utility of applying both SCT constructs. This study examined the relationship between refusal self‐efficacy and outcome expectancies in a sample of cannabis users, and tested formal mediational models.DesignPatients referred for cannabis treatment completed a comprehensive clinical assessment, including recently validated cannabis expectancy and refusal self‐efficacy scales.SettingA hospital alcohol and drug out‐patient clinic.ParticipantsPatients referred for a cannabis treatment [n = 1115, mean age 26.29, standard deviation (SD) 9.39].MeasurementsThe Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) and Cannabis Refusal Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (CRSEQ) were completed, along with measures of cannabis severity [Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS)] and cannabis consumption.FindingsPositive (β = −0.29, P < 0.001) and negative (β = −0.19, P < 0.001) cannabis outcome expectancies were associated significantly with refusal self‐efficacy. Refusal self‐efficacy, in turn, fully mediated the association between negative expectancy and weekly consumption [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.17] and partially mediated the effect of positive expectancy on weekly consumption (95% CI = 0.06, 0.17).ConclusionsConsistent with Social Cognitive Theory, refusal self‐efficacy (a person's belief that he or she can abstain from cannabis use) mediates part of the association between cannabis outcome expectancies (perceived consequences of cannabis use) and cannabis use.
Input promotion within a complex subsector: fertilizer in Nigeria
Authors: Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Takeshima Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite growing evidence that fertilizers can substantially increase yields and slow down environmental degradation in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), the region still lags far behind other developing areas in fertilizer use. Low use rates persist despite numerous efforts to ease farmers’ access to quality and affordable fertilizer. This article reviews the effects of Nigeria's fertilizer policies, including fertilizer subsidies, on fertilizer use. We also compare the old government‐led fertilizer subsidy scheme with the more recent voucher‐based programs and their potential effects on private fertilizer sector development. Based on our analysis of Nigeria's experience with fertilizer subsidies, we identify the potential major challenges to be faced by the new fertilizer subsidy scheme currently being implemented nationwide.