bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and preliminary biological evaluation
of radiogallium-labeled DTPA-amlodipine complex for possible
L-type calcium channel imaging
Authors: Firuzyar Tahereh , Jalilian Amir R. , Fazaeli Yousef , Shafiee-Ardestani Mehdi , Aboudzadeh Mohammad Reza , Khalaj Ali 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A DTPA-conjugated amlodipine analog (DTPA-AMLO) 3, was prepared for possible voltage gated calcium channel imaging after
radiolabeling with Ga-67. [67Ga]-DTPA-AMLO complex was prepared starting [67Ga]gallium chloride and DTPA-AMLO
in 60–90 min at 50–60 ℃ in phosphate buffer. The partition co-efficient and stability of the tracer
was determined in final solution (25 ℃) and presence of human serum (37 ℃) up to
24 h. The biodistribution of the labeled compound in wild-type rats were determined up to 72 h using organ
counting and SPECT. The radiolabled complex was prepard in high radiochemical purity (>96%, RTLC and >98% HPLC)
and significant specific activity (7–10 GBq/mmol). The log P for the complex was calculated as − 0.594, consistent with
a water soluble complex. The tracer is mostly washed out through kidneys which were in full compliance with the amlodipine metabolism
and imaging studies demonstrated the same behavior. The tracer uptake in organs with smooth muscles was observed in stomach, colon as
well as intestine.
Non-spatial setting in Ma Manda
Authors: Pennington Ryan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article describes the “non-spatial setting” (Dixon 2010: 152–155) of Ma Manda, a Finisterre-Huon language of Papua New Guinea – especially the categories of tense, aspect, reality status, and modality. Particularly noteworthy is the multiplicity of morpho-phonological verb classes which interact in unique ways with verbal inflections, the productive use of multi-verb constructions to encode aspectual and modal distinctions, and the diverse functions of the irrealis inflection. Discussion is paired with numerous paradigms and examples in order to be maximally beneficial to linguistic typology, as well as to foster detailed comparison among Finisterre-Huon languages.
Effects of Substituent and External Pressure on Spin Trapping Rates of Carbon Dioxide Anion, Sulfur Trioxide Anion, Hydroxyl, and Ethyl Radicals with Various PBN- and DMPO-Type Spin Traps
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Miyazono Keitaro , Kozai Kazuki 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Using a competitive trapping method employing two different traps, the
trapping rates of anionic radicals (CO2

–
· and
SO3

–
·), hydroxyl, and ethyl were quantified for various
PBN- and DMPO-type traps. We have examined the characteristic effects
of substituent and external pressure on the spin trapping of anionic
radicals and compared with those of neutral radicals such as ethyl and
hydroxyl radicals. In DMPO-type traps, the effects of substituent on
trapping rates of two anionic radicals were small compared with that
of C2H5 ·. In PBN-type traps, the large effects of
substituent on trapping rates of CO2

–
· and
C2H5 · were observed. Further, the activation volumes
determined from the pressure dependence experiments for competitive
reactions show a difference in pressure behavior between the two
trapping reactions, and enable us to speculate on the reaction
mechanism of substituted PBN and DMPO traps for anionic radicals.
Contribution à l’étude linguistique de l’anthroponymie catalane du bas Moyen Âge: les Privilegis de Tàrrega (1350–1473)
Authors: Sastre Moisés Selfa 
Published: August 2014

Les études d’anthroponymie médiévale en Catalogne jouissent depuis le début du XXe
siècle d’un excellent prestige comme le démontrent les diverses publications parues jusqu’à
nos jours. Notre travail, fondé sur une source documentaire déjà éditée, les Privilegis de

la ciutat de Tàrrega, aborde l’étude de l’anthroponymie médiévale de cette ville entre les
années 1350 et 1473. Nous présentons au total 397 anthroponymes et nous étudions leur
structure formelle, les noms de baptême et les noms de famille qui y sont contenus dans
le but de pouvoir parler d’une certaine individualité onomastique dans un territoire et à un
moment historique comme ceux que nous étudions.
Metonymische Nominalkomposition im Spanischen
Authors: Göke Regina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
El presente artículo analiza las formas más importantes de la composición
nominal en español desde un punto de vista semántico, es decir, el de la metonimia. El objetivo reside en determinar las formas de expresión metonímicas
en la composición nominal y en identificar las conceptualizaciones y contigüidades
que hay detrás. Se muestra que los compuestos nominales metonímicos se
limitan principalmente a un número restringido de formas, conceptualizaciones y
contigüidades. En consecuencia, es necesario relativizar la omnipresencia y diversidad
frecuentemente invocadas. Se debería investigar este fenómeno desde
distintas perspectivas lingüísticas (morfología, lexicología, pragmática) para lograr
una descripción más diferenciada.
Un viaggio del 1492 nel Sacro Romano Impero
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tra le relazioni di viaggio in volgare nei paesi germanici, l’Itinerario del 1492, redatto da Andrea de’ Franceschi, è una delle più interessanti. Il presente
contributo fornisce una descrizione dettagliata del testo con commento storicoculturale e linguistico.
Tendenze recenti della grammaticografia italiana
Authors: Blasco Ferrer Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Historical grammar of Italian was lacking a thorough synthesis until
the publication of the present work. Salvi’s and Renzi’s ambitious grammar is
entirely based on a modern generative model, and planned to cover systematically
all sectors of mediaeval synchronic development of Italian. Regretfully,
these aims have not been reached, largely as a consequence of the method
applied in the descriptive framework, to a lesser extent also due to the loose grid
of mediaeval attestations.
Pour une typologie des phrases complexes
Authors: Kiesler Reinhard 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Une tradition grammaticale largement répandue distingue trois types de relations entre propositions, donc trois types de phrases complexes: les propositions juxtaposées, les propositions coordonnées et les phrases hypotaxiques. Riegel et al. (2009) ajoutent en outre les phrases avec incise ou incidente comme quatrième type. Les grammaires et traités décrivent les différentes sortes de coordination (copulative, disjonctive, adversative, causale et consécutive) et de subordination (complétive, relative et circonstancielle). Pourtant, jusqu’à présent il n’existe pas, à ce qu’il semble, de description plus détaillée, ni des divers degrés de l’hypotaxe et de la parataxe d’une part, ni des différentes combinaisons de structures hypotaxiques et parataxiques d’autre part. Le but de cet article est donc de proposer une typologie plus complète des phrases complexes sur la base d’un petit corpus de référence. Cette typologie distinguera, d’un côté, divers degrés de phrases parataxiques homogènes et de phrases parataxiques hétérogènes et, de l’autre côté, des phrases hypotaxiques simples et des phrases hypotaxiques multiples.
Los compuestos verbonominales en español: ¿sustantivos o adjetivos?
Authors: Tabares Plasencia Encarnación , Rodríguez José Juan Batista 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper we refuse the generalized idea within linguists working on Spanish word formation that compounds with a verbal element in Spanish language are nouns. Based on different criteria (morphological, syntactic and semantic) and attending the evolution of Spanish language, we like to show in contrast that these formations are adjectives.
Floh- und Läusemärkte
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Der Beitrag zeichnet die historische Motivation der Bezeichnungen für ‘Flohmarkt’ in den westeuropäischen Sprachen nach (Flohmarkt/Läusemarkt, marché aux puces, mercato delle pulci, flea market, etc.) und erörtert das Verhältnis zu den älteren osteuropäischen und orientalischen Entsprechungen (russ. вшивый рынок, türk. bit bazar).
The Accuracy, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of Activation Energy Values Measured by Modulated Thermogravimetry
Authors: Slough Carlton G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Modulated thermogravimetry (MTG) was introduced in 1998 by employees of TA Instruments. Since that time it has found popularity as a technique for obtaining activation energies of degradation processes in a variety of materials. The initial work claimed that the repeatability of MTG was superior to that of the Flynn and Wall method. Little information, however, was given concerning the accuracy of the technique, and none was provided concerning its reproducibility. Results reported here test the repeatability claims and explore the questions of accuracy and reproducibility.
The Female Athlete Triad: A Metabolic Phenomenon
Authors: Loucks Anne B. 
Published: August 2014

The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome in which low energy availability triggers a broad range of endocrine mechanisms that conserve energy expenditure, and thereby impairs reproductive and skeletal health. Energy availability is the amount of dietary energy remaining after exercise training for all other physiological functions each day. The specific kind of reproductive dysfunctions caused by low energy availability are functional hypothalamic menstrual disorders. To ensure that affected athletes receive appropriate care, endocrine tests are required to diagnose these disorders by the exclusion of other types of menstrual disorders unrelated to the Triad. In addition, low energy availability impairs skeletal health by uncoupling bone turnover, in which the rate of bone resorption increases while the rate of bone formation declines. The result is a progressive loss or failure to accrue bone mass, which increases the risks of stress fractures and osteoporosis. Low energy availability originates in one or more of three sources: restrictive eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa; intentional efforts to lose body weight or body fat to improve athletic performance or appearance; and the inadvertent suppression of appetite by exercise and diets containing a high percentage of carbohydrates. It is necessary to know the origin of low energy availability in a particular athlete in order to intervene effectively with her. The key behavior modification for preventing and treating the Triad is to increase energy availability, either by increasing dietary energy intake, reducing exercise energy expenditure, or both. Guidelines for doing so are provided.
Nautelia: sistema automatizado para el ruteo náutico meteorológico
Authors: Cordero Hernández Yovany , Fernández Castillo Karelia , Baguer Díaz-Romañach Marta L. , Calnick Anneris , Borrajeros Israel 
Published: August 2014

Para el capitán de un buque es muy importante contar con una propuesta de ruta que le permita llegar al puerto deseado en el menor tiempo posible considerando las condiciones meteorológicas y oceanográficas imperantes. Para encontrar esta ruta de tiempo mínimo se necesita de una previa estimación de las variables meteorológicas para todos los días que comprende la travesía, ya que estas influyen directamente en la reducción de la velocidad del buque. Esta estimación se realiza utilizando los valores de pronósticos obtenidos de Internet.
Para obtener una ruta lo suficientemente rápida se deben transformar los datos de pronósticos tal que puedan ser utilizados posteriormente en los cálculos de la velocidad de la embarcación. Luego, encontrar modelos que describan la influencia de cada una de las variables meteorológicas en la velocidad del buque para una cierta coordenada y un tiempo dado y deducir una expresión que permita calcular el tiempo de travesía en dependencia de la ruta programada y la velocidad puntual del buque a lo largo de la misma. Por último, se debe optimizar el tiempo de travesía, básicamente variando la ruta planificada a partir de la aplicación de métodos de optimización.
Algoritmo recocido simulado–sección dorada para el problema de reaprovisionamiento multiproducto con demanda estocástica
Authors: Hernández González Salvador , Gutiérrez Andrade Miguel Á. , De los Cobos Silva Sergio 
Published: August 2014

El problema de reaprovisionamiento multiproducto ha sido estudiado por más de 30 años y existen varios algoritmos heurísticos y exactos para determinar la frecuencia de pedidos y el ciclo básico de tiempo. En años recientes se ha considerado el modelo con demanda estocástica; suponiendo que el comportamiento de la demanda se ajusta a una función de probabilidad normal, se puede obtener una ecuación de costo del tipo mixto-entero-no lineal, para la cual solamente ha sido reportada, en la literatura, una técnica heurística. En este trabajo, se implementa un algoritmo de recocido simulado sección dorada para el problema de reaprovisionamiento multiproducto considerando una demanda con distribución de probabilidad normal y se compara su desempeño contra la técnica heurística reportada en la literatura. Los resultados muestran que el nuevo algoritmo obtiene costos más bajos.
Una alternativa al Algoritmo Chaid de segmentación basada en entropía
Authors: Galindo Villardón María Purificación , Vicente Villardón José Luis , Dorado Díaz Ana , Vicente Galindo Purificación , Patino Alonso María Carmen 
Published: August 2014

The CHAID (Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) treebased segmentation technique has been found to be an effective approach for obtaining meaningful segments that are predictive of a K-category (nominal or ordinal) criterion variable. CHAID was designed to detect, in an automatic way, the nteraction between several categorical or ordinal predictors in explaining a categorical response, but, this may not be true when Simpson’s paradox is present. This is due to the fact that CHAID is a forward selection algorithm based on the marginal counts. In this paper we propose a backwards elimination algorithm that starts with the full set of predictors (or full tree) and eliminates predictors progressively. The elimination procedure is based on Conditional Independence contrasts using the concept of entropy. The proposed procedure is compared to CHAID.
Series de Fourier aplicadas a problemas de cálculo de variaciones con retardo
Authors: Salazar Solórzano Lorena 
Published: August 2014

En este artículo presentamos una aproximación de la función que minimiza el funcional
J [X ] = ∫T0 F (t, X(t), X(t − τ), Ẋ(t)) dt
aproximando X(t) por medio de expansiones de la serie de Fourier Coseno Xn(t). Se dan condiciones bajo las cuales
J [Xn(t)] → J [X(t)] cuando n → ∞.
The multiplicative products between the distribution (P ± i0)λ and the operators Lr{δ} and Kr{δ}
Authors: Aguirre Manuel A. 
Published: August 2014

In this note we give a sense to some multiplicative products of distributions:
i) (P ± i0)λ . Lr{δ}
ii) (P ± i0)λ . Kr{δ}
where (P ± i0)λ is the distribution defined by the formula (2), P is the quadratic form defined by the formula (1), Lr is the ultrahyperbolic operator defined by (5) and Kr is the Klein-Gordon operator iterated r-times defined by the formula (15).
Shapley's value for fuzzy games
Authors: Alvarado Sibaja Raúl 
Published: August 2014

This is the continuation of a previous article titled “Fuzzy Games”, where I defined a new type of games based on the Multilinear extensions f, of characteristic functions v for cooperative games. We showed that f fulfills the definition of characteristic functions and most of standard theorems for cooperative games also hold for this new type of games: The fuzzy games. Now we give some other properties and the extension of the definition of Shapley’s Value for Fuzzy Games
On the Stability of a class of Polytopes of third order square matrices and stability radius
Authors: Vázquez Silva Efrén 
Published: August 2014

En este trabajo estudiamos las propiedads de estabilidad de un politopo simétrico y convexo de matrices de tercer orden invariantes en el tiempo, este politopo depende de un parámetro real positivo r. Los resultados que se obtienen son aplicados al cálculo de radio real de estabilidad, no dependiente del tiempo, de una matriz cuadrada de tercer orden sometida a cierta multiperturbación afin.
Back to Africa: monitoring post‐hydropower restoration to facilitate reintroduction of an extinct‐in‐the‐wild amphibian
Authors: Vandvik Vigdis , Måren Inger E. , Ndangalasi Henry J. , Taplin James , Mbago Frank , Lovett Jon C. 
Published: August 2014

Monitoring of the ecological efficiency of different restoration and mitigation measures is important to inform decision‐making but can be challenging, especially in remote and low‐resource settings. Species composition of the vegetation is sensitive to environmental variation, and can thus be used in restoration assessment, but this requires statistical approaches that can accommodate multivariate responses. We use principal response curves (PRC) to assess the efficiency of post‐hydropower mitigation measures installed to secure the reintroduction of an extinct‐in‐the‐wild amphibian back into its only native habitat.The endemic ovoviviparous Kihansi spray toad Nectophrynoides asperginis is only known from a wetland in the Lower Kihansi River Gorge in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania. River flow was diverted from the gorge for hydropower production in 1999, causing the spray wetland to desiccate, consequently threatening the toad and other plant and animal species dependent on the spray‐zone habitat. To mitigate the toad population collapse, a sprinkler system was installed over a limited section of the original spray‐zone wetlands to mimic the waterfall spray and toads were taken to the USA for ex situ breeding. The decline, extinction, ex situ breeding, and planned reintroduction of the species has driven substantial research on Kihansi spray toad biology. In contrast, the efficiency of the mitigation measures in restoring the spray‐zone wetland habitat required for its successful reintroduction has not been formally evaluated.Here, we analyze re‐sampled vegetation data from the spray‐zone wetland over a period of eight years by means of principal response curves to investigate if the post‐hydropower mitigation measures have successfully restored the pre‐hydropower ecosystem. The results show that the spray‐zone vegetation is recovering. The wetland flora and especially species important to the Kihansi spray toad have increased and the restored ecosystem has stabilized, favoring the reintroduction of the Kihansi spray toad to its native habitat. However, the wetland ecosystem is not restored entirely and continued mitigation measures are needed. Continued monitoring is essential to support evidence‐based restoration, and we conclude that assessment based on vegetation monitoring coupled with principal response curve analyses provides a cost‐effective and efficient monitoring tool for such projects.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in High-risk Infants – an Update on Palivizumab Prophylaxis
Authors: Resch Bernhard 
Published: August 2014

Morbidity due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is still high in infants and children worldwide during the first two to five years of life. Certain categories of high-risk infants with increased morbidity and mortality attributed to RSV disease have been identified and are included in national recommendations for prophylaxis with the monoclonal RSV antibody palivizumab. Most guidelines recommend palivizumab for preterm infants born less than or equal to 32 weeks gestational age with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, those born between 33 and 35 weeks gestational age with additional risk factors, and infants and children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Over the last years several rare diseases have been identified demonstrating high morbidity associated with RSV disease, thus, extension of guidelines for the prophylaxis with palivizumab for these patients with rare diseases including children with malignancy, congenital and acquired immune deficiency, Down syndrome, neuromuscular impairment, cystic fibrosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia and other severe respiratory disease is increasingly discussed.Efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis is documented by meta-analysis, and different economic analyses demonstrate cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for the most common indications during the first RSV season.
Relationships Between Hybrid Performance and Genetic Distance Revealed by Morphological and AFLP Marker in Cucumber
Authors: Olfati J.A. , Samizadeh H. , Peyvast Gh. , Rabiei B. , Khodaparast S.A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship of morphological and molecular genetic distance with hybrid performance and heterosis in cucumber in an attempt to make use of genetic distance in predicting hybrid performance. The results of this study showed that GD, in general, correlated poorly with heterosis and SCA. Results showed that the mean values of the hybrids were significantly larger or smaller for many traits when compared with the mean of parental lines, indicating that heterosis was present for these traits. In next step we compare inter group hybrids versus intra group hybrids. This test showed that intra group hybridization although increased the yield and yield component but decrease some fruit quality such as fruit color and shape.
La pêche au poison en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Leblic Isabelle 
Published: August 2014

Poison fishing is one of the traditional Kanak techniques for river and sea fishing using intoxicants, drugs, or ichtyotoxics. The French colonial administration prohibited the practice in the early 1930s due to its "devastating and non-selective nature", although several authors expressed some reserves.
While I was unable to observe any poison fishing directly — the Kanak say it is not practiced anymore — I was able to get a description from old fishermen who used to poison fish in the past. I used bibliographic references to round out their oral reports, providing a clear picture of the main technical principle and an analysis of its different components. In this article, I will present the main poisons and their applications as well as the main technical principle and the different active components. All of the ichtyotoxic plants used in New Caledonia are categorized by family and species along with their main characteristics, the part of the plant used, and their names in several Kanak languages : Xârâcùù, nââ kwênyii, nengone, nêlêmwâ, paicî. . .
Sur certains paradoxes de l'apiculture traditionnelle au Fouta-Djallon
Authors: Cochin Jacques 
Published: August 2014

To obtain honey and beeswax, the peasants of Fouta Djallon use practices
that end up dispersing or even destroying bee colonies after each harvest. At the
beginning of each season, beekeepers must attract new bees to their hives. Various
magical-religious techniques are used to attract bees. For years, this form of beekeeping has been practised in a highly rural region. It is a profitable business that generates a foreign trade surplus while satisfying the extremely high demand of the local population for honey. These practices are inherently self-destructive but paradoxically are part of an economic activity that is destined to grow. As it turns out, the natural environment is extremely favourable for Apidae populations. Yet these fortunate circumstances are dependant also on a type of cultural behaviour.