bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous Tumor Vaccine Modified with Recombinant New Castle Disease Virus Expressing IL-7 Promotes Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Zhao Lixiang , Mei Yu , Sun Qing , Guo Linghua , Wu Yan , Yu Xiao , Hu Bo , Liu Xiufan , Liu Haiyan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Autologous tumor vaccine modified with nonlytic Newcastle disease virus (ATV-NDV) is a promising vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. IL-7 plays a critical role in lymphocyte development and homeostasis. To improve the efficacy of ATV-NDV, we inserted the murine IL-7 gene into the genome of nonlytic NDV strain LX using reverse genetic system. The insertion of the IL-7 gene neither affected the main features of NDV replication nor its tumor selectivity. The gene product was biologically active and stable. Then we tested the antitumor effects of the autologous tumor vaccine modified with LX/(IL-7) in the murine tumor models. We showed that tumor cells modified with LX/IL-7 induced a strong antitumor activity both in prophylaxis and therapeutic models. The IFN-γ production and the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were significantly enhanced after immunization with tumor cells modified with LX/(IL-7) in both models. Although the tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were both increased and their IFN-γ productions also were upregulated, the antitumor activity of the tumor vaccine modified with LX/(IL-7) was dependent on CD8+ T cells. Our results demonstrated that the autologous tumor vaccine modified with NDV strain LX/(IL-7) could promote the antitumor immune responses mediated by CD8+ T cells and significantly improve the efficacy of the ATV-NDV.
TCR Affinity and Tolerance Mechanisms Converge To Shape T Cell Diabetogenic Potential
Authors: Bettini Maria , Blanchfield Lori , Castellaw Ashley , Zhang Qianxia , Nakayama Maki , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Zhang Hui , Hogquist Kristin A. , Evavold Brian D. , Vignali Dario A. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Autoreactive T cells infiltrating the target organ can possess a broad TCR affinity range. However, the extent to which such biophysical parameters contribute to T cell pathogenic potential remains unclear. In this study, we selected eight InsB9–23-specific TCRs cloned from CD4+ islet-infiltrating T cells that possessed a relatively broad range of TCR affinity to generate NOD TCR retrogenic mice. These TCRs exhibited a range of two-dimensional affinities (∼10−4–10−3 μm4) that correlated with functional readouts and responsiveness to activation in vivo. Surprisingly, both higher and lower affinity TCRs could mediate potent insulitis and autoimmune diabetes, suggesting that TCR affinity does not exclusively dictate or correlate with diabetogenic potential. Both central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms selectively impinge on the diabetogenic potential of high-affinity TCRs, mitigating their pathogenicity. Thus, TCR affinity and multiple tolerance mechanisms converge to shape and broaden the diabetogenic T cell repertoire, potentially complicating efforts to induce broad, long-term tolerance.
The use of medication as a preemptive strategy in teething children in a Nigerian community
Authors: Opeodu O. I. , Denloye O. O. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Context: Teething, which is the eruption of primary teeth in infancy, had been associated with various types of symptoms by both the parents and some healthcare workers. The association of symptoms with teething had led to the use of medications to alleviate these symptoms, which in some cases had claimed the lives of some of the children. Aims: This study aims at assessing the belief and practice of nursing mothers concerning the use of pre-emptive medications for children in order to prevent perceived symptoms of teething. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study among nursing mothers who brought their children to immunization clinic. Subject and Methods: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the belief of nursing mothers on the use of pre-emptive medications against perceived symptoms of teething, the drugs used and the age of their children when they started using the drug(s). Statistical Analysis: Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 14. Analysis included frequency, mean of quantitative values and cross tabulations. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between those mothers, who believed that the medication should be used and those who did not believe in relationship with their age and their socio-economic status. Results: A total of 290 nursing mothers were assessed with 169 (58.3%) believing that drugs should be used as a pre-emptive measure for teething to be uneventful. Twenty-five (8.6%) of the mothers started the medications soon after birth, whereas 34.5% started it after the third month of life. Conclusions: There is the need for greater public enlightenment in order to reduce the use of medication(s) as a pre-emptive measure against “teething” as seen among the studied group.
Evaluation of patient perceptions after labial frenectomy procedure: A comparison of diode laser and scalpel techniques
Authors: Butchibabu Kalakonda , Koppolu Pradeep , Mishra Ashank , Pandey Ruchi , Swapna Lingam Amara , Uppada Uday Kiran 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: Frenectomy is the complete excision of the frenum along with its attachment to the underlying bone. It can be done by conventional technique, electrosurgery or soft tissue lasers. Aim: To evaluate the effects of diode laser and scalpel technique on degree of post-operative pain and discomfort experienced by patients on the 1st, 3rd and the 7th post-operative days after frenectomy. Materials and Methods: Ten patients who required frenectomy were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with diode laser or scalpel. The data were analyzed with paired t-test and intragroup comparison was determined by ANOVA. Results: Intergroup comparison of the mean VAS scores for discomfort and pain for both the groups showed significant difference. The VAS scores of pain and discomfort within scalpel group between 1st and 3rd day did not show any significant difference, however between 7th day versus 3rd and 1st day difference was highly significant. The VAS scores of pain and discomfort within laser group between all the days showed significant difference. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the clinical outcome, the diode laser is a dependable alternative as it is an efficient and satisfactory option for procedures like frenectomy.
Oral vesiculobullous lesions: Consider the platelets
Authors: Steel Clare , Mann Lorna , Crosher Richard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOral vesiculobullous lesions or “blood blisters” can be found on a routine dental examination and may have many causes. Trauma is often the first diagnosis followed by a variety of bullous conditions, such as pemphigus and pemphigoid. Using a case report, we highlight the other, more serious, possibility of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) to raise awareness to the General Dental Practitioners and the need for prompt treatment.
A Qualitative Research Synthesis Examining the Effectiveness of Interventions Used by Occupational Therapists in Mental Health
Authors: Wimpenny Katherine , Savin-Baden Maggi , Cook Clare 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: To date, a range of qualitative studies have been undertaken in intervention effectiveness, but none has synthesized such studies within the occupational therapy mental health literature. This research article presents a qualitative research synthesis that identifies those interventions used by occupational therapists, internationally, which are viewed as effective from both clients' and carers' perspectives. Method: Qualitative research synthesis was used to analyse, synthesize, and interpret results from qualitative studies. Twenty-two studies, collectively capturing client, carer, and occupational therapists' perspectives, were synthesized by the research team. Findings: The findings identified four themes, which indicated that the occupational therapist needs to exhibit professional artistry, facilitate occupational engagement, pace occupation to support the achievement of client goals and new horizons; and also recognized the importance of inclusion that promotes client participation and a sense of belonging in a range of socio-cultural contexts. Conclusion: The use of occupational interventions that provide space for healing, self-rediscovery, identity formation, and community participation, were valued more than short, psychological-based interventions focused on case management and the assessment of mental stability, which were seen as superficial in scope. Occupational therapists need to demonstrate an authentic therapeutic relationship that is built upon care, trust, and respect, in order for interventions to have impact.
Women's Experiences of Being in an Acute Psychiatric Unit: An Occupational Perspective
Authors: Kennedy Jennifer , Fortune Tracy 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The need to address gender sensitivity and implement strategies to improve the treatment of women within inpatient mental health facilities has gained international recognition. Ascertaining service users' perspectives is a critical prerequisite to ensure that potential strategies are appropriate. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the occupational engagement of women service users in an acute inpatient mental health unit in Melbourne, Australia. Method: In this phenomenological study, five women were interviewed about their experiences of occupational engagement. Data were analysed according to Colaizzi's (1978) procedure, to generate an ‘essence statement’. Fieldnotes were kept and an audit trail of the analysis process was recorded. Findings: Three main themes emerged: (1) Living in hospital is difficult; (2) What we need from staff; and (3) More meaningful things to do, please. Conclusion: Study findings highlight a need for more empathetic communication with staff, more effective use of the physical environment to enable improved perceptions of safety, and more meaningful occupational opportunities.
The Effects of Social and Therapeutic Horticulture on Aspects of Social Behaviour
Authors: Sempik Joe , Rickhuss Cathy , Beeston Alex 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Social and therapeutic horticulture has been shown to be a useful intervention for a wide range of vulnerable groups, including those with a mental health problem and/or learning or physical disabilities. However, there is still a need for additional research that examines evidence of its effectiveness. Method: This study analysed scores in four areas ( social interaction, communication, motivation, and task engagement) collected as part of routine assessment during a programme of social and therapeutic horticulture. The sample comprised a heterogeneous group of participants and included a range of vulnerable people, predominantly those with a learning disability or a mental health problem. Findings: Scores for social interaction were significantly higher after 90 days of participation. This effect appeared to be most evident in participants with a learning disability. Conclusion: Social and therapeutic horticulture provides the opportunity for social interaction. Increased scores relating to social interaction suggest that the programme was effective in promoting such interaction and that it may, therefore, promote social inclusion among vulnerable and isolated groups.
In Vivo Hypobaric Hypoxia Performed During the Remodeling Process Accelerates Bone Healing in Mice
Authors: Durand Marjorie , Collombet Jean-Marc , Frasca Sophie , Begot Laurent , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Le Bousse-Kerdilès Marie-Caroline , Holy Xavier 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We investigated the effects of respiratory hypobaric hypoxia on femoral bone-defect repair in mice because hypoxia is believed to influence both mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, a process involved in the bone-healing mechanism. To mimic conditions of non-weight-bearing limb immobilization in patients suffering from bone trauma, our hypoxic mouse model was further subjected to hind-limb unloading. A hole was drilled in the right femur of adult male C57/BL6J mice. Four days after surgery, mice were subjected to hind-limb unloading for 1 week. Seven days after surgery, mice were either housed for 4 days in a hypobaric room (FiO2 at 10%) or kept under normoxic conditions. Unsuspended control mice were housed in either hypobaric or normoxic conditions. Animals were sacrificed on postsurgery day 11 to allow for collection of both contralateral and lesioned femurs, blood, and spleen. As assessed by microtomography, delayed hypoxia enhanced bone-healing efficiency by increasing the closing of the cortical defect and the newly synthesized bone volume in the cavity by +55% and +35%, respectively. Proteome analysis and histomorphometric data suggested that bone-repair improvement likely results from the acceleration of the natural bone-healing process rather than from extended mobilization of MSC-derived osteoprogenitors. Hind-limb unloading had hardly any effect beyond delayed hypoxia-enhanced bone-healing efficiency.
Le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées dans les instruments conventionnels relatifs aux eaux douces internationales – Cherchez l’intrus !
Authors: Sohnle Jochen 
Published: June 2014

Dans le contexte d’une réflexion générale menée sur le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées (PRCMD), l’auteur s’interroge sur la présence de ce principe dans le domaine du droit international des eaux douces. Sa réponse est affirmative mais nuancée. Le recours au PRCMD, qui reste exceptionnel dans cette spécialité, se fait utilement dans deux cas de figure : dans des situations où les États riverains du même cours d’eau international/aquifère transfrontière ne présentent pas un degré de développement identique et lorsque la gestion des ressources en eau dépasse le cadre géographique du bassin hydrographique/aquifère.
Le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées dans la Convention « POP »
Authors: Deleuil Thomas 
Published: June 2014

Entrée en vigueur en 2004, la Convention de Stockholm sur les polluants organiques persistants (POP) rassemble aujourd’hui 179 parties et constitue l’instrument principal relatif aux POP. Comme beaucoup de traités de l’ère post-Rio, la Convention POP n’a pas échappé au débat sur le développement d’une différenciation au niveau conventionnel. Or, pour cela, les négociateurs se sont tournés vers le principe des responsabilités communes mais différenciées (PRCMD). Cette convention est ainsi le seul accord à consacrer explicitement le PRCMD en dehors du régime du climat. Malgré l’importance accordée à la différenciation en doctrine, la Convention POP n’a pourtant été que très peu étudiée. Il convient donc de s’interroger sur la place occupée par le PRCMD dans le régime POP. Bien qu’elle soit d’un classicisme patent, cette question est d’un réel intérêt dans la mesure où les éléments de réponse dégagés pourraient apporter un nouvel éclairage sur la pratique du PRCMD. L’auteur analysera donc dans son article la façon dont le PRCMD a été consacré, mais également les moyens de mise en oeuvre du traitement différencié dans le régime POP.
Global patterns of phytoplankton nutrient and light colimitation inferred from an optimality‐based model
Authors: Arteaga Lionel , Pahlow Markus , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe widely used concept of constant ”Redfield” phytoplankton stoichiometry is often applied for estimating which nutrient limits phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. Culture experiments, in contrast, show strong relations between growth conditions and cellular stoichiometry with often substantial deviations from Redfield stoichiometry. Here we investigate to what extent both views agree by analyzing remote sensing and in situ data with an optimality‐based model of nondiazotrophic phytoplankton growth in order to infer seasonally varying patterns of colimitation by light, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the global ocean. Our combined model‐data analysis suggests strong N and N‐P colimitation in the tropical ocean, seasonal light, and N‐P colimitation in the Northern Hemisphere, and strong light limitation only during winter in the Southern Ocean. The eastern equatorial Pacific appears as the only ocean area that is essentially not limited by N, P, or light. Even though our optimality‐based approach specifically accounts for flexible stoichiometry, inferred patterns of N and P limitation are to some extent consistent with those obtained from an analysis of surface inorganic nutrients with respect to the Redfield N:P ratio. Iron is not part of our analysis, implying that we cannot accurately predict N cell quotas in high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll regions. Elsewhere, we do not expect a major effect of iron on the relative distribution of N, P, and light colimitation areas. The relative importance of N, P, and light in limiting phytoplankton growth diagnosed here by combining observations and an optimal growth model provides a useful constraint for models used to predict future marine biological production under changing environmental conditions. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Tracing the flow rate and mixing ratio of the Changjiang diluted water in the northwestern Pacific marginal seas using radium isotopes
Authors: Lee Hojun , Kim Guebuem , Kim Jeonghyun , Park Gwanserk , Song Ki‐Hoon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe measured Ra isotopes (223Ra and 228Ra) in surface seawater of the northwestern Pacific marginal seas to trace the flow rate and mixing of the Changjiang diluted water (CDW) in the summer of 2012. Based on the horizontal distribution of 223Ra activities, the arrival time of CDW from the river mouth to 450 km offshore northeast was estimated to be 20–35 days, which is similar to that determined in previous studies. Moreover, we successfully calculated the relative contribution of CDW at each sampling station using a salinity and 228Ra diagram. Using this unique method, we found that the relative contribution of CDW was more than 30% in most surface seawaters of the northern East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the southern sea off Korea. Our results suggest that CDW is of high significance in the biogeochemistry of surface seawater of these northwestern Pacific marginal seas during the summer monsoon period.
Paleoearthquakes at Frazier Mountain, California delimit extent and frequency of past San Andreas Fault ruptures along 1857 trace
Authors: Scharer Katherine , Weldon Ray , Streig Ashley , Fumal Thomas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLarge earthquakes are infrequent along a single fault, and therefore historic, well‐characterized earthquakes exert a strong influence on fault behavior models. This is true of the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake (estimated M7.7–7.9) on the southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF), but an outstanding question is whether the 330 km long rupture was typical. New paleoseismic data for six to seven ground‐rupturing earthquakes on the Big Bend of the SSAF restrict the pattern of possible ruptures on the 1857 stretch of the fault. In conjunction with existing sites, we show that over the last ~650 years, at least 75% of the surface ruptures are shorter than the 1857 earthquake, with estimated rupture lengths of 100 to <300 km. These results suggest that the 1857 rupture was unusual, perhaps leading to the long open interval, and that a return to pre‐1857 behavior would increase the rate of M7.3–M7.7 earthquakes.
Observations of gravity wave forcing of the mesopause region during the January 2013 major Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: de Wit R. J. , Hibbins R. E. , Espy P. J. , Orsolini Y. J. , Limpasuvan V. , Kinnison D. E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStudies of vertical and interhemispheric coupling during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) suggest that gravity wave (GW) momentum flux divergence plays a key role in forcing the middle atmosphere, although observational validation of GW forcing is limited. We present a whole atmosphere view of zonal winds from the surface to 100 km during the January 2013 major SSW, together with observed GW momentum fluxes in the mesopause region derived from uninterrupted high‐resolution meteor radar observations from an All‐Sky Interferometric Meteor Radar system located at Trondheim, Norway (63.4°N, 10.5°E). Observations show GW momentum flux divergence 6 days prior to the SSW onset, producing an eastward forcing with peak values of ∼+145 ± 60ms−1d−1. As the SSW evolves, GW forcing turns westward, reaching a minimum of ∼−240 ± 70ms−1d−1∼+18 days after the SSW onset. These results are discussed in light of previous studies and simulations using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Specified Dynamics.
The importance of bed sediment sand content for the structure of a static armor layer in a gravel bed river
Authors: Curran Joanna Crowe , Waters Kevin A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe surface structure of static armor layers generated from water‐worked gravel bed channels was investigated with primary focus on the influence of sand content and flow rate. Flume experiments were conducted in which four sediment mixtures with sand contents between 1% and 38% were armored under one of three different flow rates. First‐ and second‐order statistical analyses were applied to digital elevation models of unarmored, armored, and clustered bed surface areas to identify changes in surface structure. Results were combined with data from previous research to create an extended data set of armored bed surfaces. Water‐worked, unarmored bed surfaces established under a dynamic equilibrium flow rate impacted the topographic variability and structure of the armored beds. Surface complexity decreased with armor formation as surface grains preferentially aligned with the flow direction. The bed surface became smoother, and where sediment mixture sand content was constant, there was greater smoothing of the surface during higher armoring flows as grains rearranged more easily. As bulk sand content increased, statistical analyses of the expanded data set showed that beds with very little sand content developed static armor layers that remained rough and had greater topographic variability than armor layers from sediments with higher sand contents. The bulk sediment sand content exerted a stronger influence over the change in surface roughness and structure upon armoring than that of the flow rate during armor formation. When combined with the knowledge of the local flow regime, the sand content may aid in predictions related to armored bed surface structure.