bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource Efficiency Potentials of Innovations in Resource‐Intensive Production Processes
Authors: Albrecht Stefan , Bollhöfer Esther , Brandstetter Peter , Fröhling Magnus , Mattes Katharina , Ostertag Katrin , Peuckert Jan , Seitz Ralph , Trippe Frederik , Woidasky Jörg 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRessourceneffizienz ist ein zentrales Element der Sicherung der industriellen Produktion in Deutschland und Europa und gleichzeitig eine wichtige Strategie zur Steigerung der Nachhaltigkeit. Umfangreiche Forschungsanstrengungen werden derzeit unternommen, um ressourceneffiziente Produktionsverfahren zu entwickeln und in der industriellen Praxis zu etablieren. Der Beitrag nimmt basierend auf einem Förderschwerpunkt des deutschen Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung eine erste qualitative Einordnung der Ressourceneffizienzpotenziale vor, die mit ausgewählten aktuellen technologischen Entwicklungen im Bereich rohstoffintensiver Produktionsprozesse verbunden sind. An einem Branchenbeispiel werden die erwarteten Einsparpotenziale hinsichtlich kumuliertem Materialaufwand, Primärenergiebedarf und Treibhauspotenzial quantifiziert. Ergänzend werden ausgewählte Herausforderungen der Umsetzung dieser ressourceneffizienten Verfahrensinnovationen beleuchtet.
A comparison of nonlinear control performance assessment techniques for nonlinear processes
Authors: Yu Wei , Wilson David I. , Young Brent R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAssessing the quality of industrial control loops is an important auditing task for the control engineer. However, there are complications when considering the ubiquitous nonlinearities present in many industrial control loops. If one simply ignores these nonlinearities, there is the danger of over‐estimating the performance of the control loop in rejecting disturbances and thereby possibly overlooking loops that need attention. To address this problem, several techniques have been recently developed to extend the control performance assessment (CPA) of single input/single output linear systems to nonlinear systems. This article surveys these nonlinear CPA techniques and compares their performances using three case studies. These results can be used to guide control engineers to select the most suitable CPA techniques for their particular applications. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Evaluating the Prognostic Value of Positron‐Emission Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Automated Software to Calculate Perfusion Defect Size
Authors: Williams Brent A. , Dorn Joan M. , LaMonte Michael J. , Donahue Richard P. , Trevisan Maurizio , Leonard Deborah A. , Greene Robert S. , Merhige Michael E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Myocardial perfusion imaging by positron‐emission tomography (PET MPI) is regarded as a valid technique for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the incremental prognostic value of PET MPI among individuals with known or suspected CAD is not firmly established.Hypothesis:Myocardial perfusion defect sizes as measured by PET MPI using automated software will provide incremental prognostic value for cardiac and all‐cause mortality.Methods:This study included 3739 individuals who underwent rest‐stress rubidium‐82 PET MPI for the evaluation of known or suspected CAD. Rest, stress, and stress‐induced myocardial perfusion defect sizes were determined objectively by automated computer software. Study participants were followed for a mean of 5.2 years for cardiac and all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the incremental prognostic value of PET MPI.Results:A strong correlation was observed between perfusion defect sizes assessed visually and by automated software (r = 0.76). After adjusting for cardiac risk factors, known CAD, noncoronary vascular disease, and use of cardioprotective medications, stress perfusion defect size was strongly associated with cardiac death (P < 0.001). Rest perfusion defects demonstrated a stronger association with cardiac death (P < 0.001) than stress‐induced perfusion defects (P = 0.01), yet both were highly significant. Similar patterns held for all‐cause death.Conclusions:The current study is the largest to date demonstrating PET MPI provides incremental prognostic value among individuals with known or suspected CAD. Automated calculation of perfusion defect sizes may provide valuable supplementary information to visual assessment.This work was partially funded by a predoctoral fellowship grant awarded to the first author by the American Heart Association's Founders' Affiliate. Additional funding was provided by Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center, Positron Corporation, the University at Buffalo, and Niagara University. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Growth of Plankton (Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae) and Moina macracopa (Cladocera)) on Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Nandini S. , Alonso‐Soto Ricardo , Sarma S. S. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe population growth of the freshwater chlorophyte, Scenedesmus acutus and the cladoceran Moina macrocopa cultured in the laboratory and in microcosms of a wastewater treatment plant was studied. S. acutus was cultured in a defined algal medium and mixed with wastewater. On diets of S. acutus cultured using Bold medium or a mixture with wastewater, the peak densities of M. macrocopa were 6–7 ind. mL−1, while on a diet of algae cultured on wastewater alone the cladoceran density fluctuated around 2 ind. mL−1. Population growth rates of M. macrocopa, which ranged from 0.3 to 0.4 d−1, were significantly lower on alga cultured in wastewater alone. The body size structure of M. macrocopa was larger on algae cultured in Bold medium than in wastewater. Peak densities of M. macrocopa were around 700 ind. L−1 when the organic matter in the containers was supplemented with algae but it reached lower densities (400 ind. L−1) when cultured on the organic matter in wastewater alone. Our study indicates that the nutrients in the final stages of wastewater treatment can support the growth of both phytoplankton and zooplankton.
Measurement of Aluminum–Carbon Distances Using S‐RESPDOR NMR Experiments
Authors: Pourpoint Frédérique , Trébosc Julien , Gauvin Régis M. , Wang Qiang , Lafon Olivier , Deng Feng , Amoureux Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is demonstrated that reliable aluminum–carbon distances can be measured in samples with 13C natural abundance by NMR spectroscopy. Overcoupled resonators, with only one radio‐frequency synthesizer and one amplifier, are used to irradiate in the same pulse sequence 27Al and 13C nuclei, which differ by only 3.6 % in Larmor frequencies. The combination of 27Al saturation pulse with heteronuclear dipolar recoupling yields dipolar dephasing of the 13C signal, which only depends on the AlC distance and the efficiency of the saturation pulse. Therefore, reliable distances can be obtained by rapid fitting of experimental data to an analytical expression. It is demonstrated that with natural isotopic abundance this approach allows recovery of AlC distances of 216 pm for the covalent bond in lithium tetraalkyl aluminates, commonly used as a co‐catalyst in olefin polymerization processes, and which range from 274 to 381 pm for the three carbon atoms in aluminum lactate. The accuracy of the measured internuclear distances is carefully estimated.
A Facile Approach to Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Solid‐State Emitters: Knitting up AIE‐Active TPE Luminogens by Aryl Linkers
Authors: Chan Carrie Yin Kwan , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Zhao Zujin , Deng Chunmei , Chen Shuming , Lu Ping , Sung Herman H. Y. , Kwok Hoi Sing , Ma Yuguang , Williams Ian D. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA facile approach to thermally stable and efficient solid‐state emitters is proposed. By hooking up tetraphenylethene (TPE) units through aryl linkers under Suzuki coupling conditions, a series of arylene bis(tetraphenylethene)s (TPE‐Ar‐TPE Ar=2,5‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene, 2,5‐bis(hexyloxyl)‐1,4‐phenylene, 1,5‐naphthylene, and 9,10‐anthracenylene) are prepared in satisfactory to high yields (67–96 %). These molecules are nonluminescent when dissolved in solutions but become highly emissive when aggregated in poor solvents or fabricated as thin film in the solid state, displaying a phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission. Fluorescence quantum yields of 100 % were achieved in the amorphous films of the luminogens. The luminogens exhibit mechano‐, vapo‐, and thermochromism: their emissions can be repeatedly switched between blue and blue‐green colors by simple grinding‐fuming and grinding‐heating cycles owing to the morphological change from a crystalline to an amorphous state and vice versa. These compounds are thermally stable, losing little of their weight at high temperatures of 421–452 °C. All the luminogens are morphological stable with high glass transition temperatures. Multilayer light‐emitting diodes with a device configuration of ITO/NPB/dye/TPBi/Alq3/LiF/Al are fabricated, which emit sky‐blue electroluminescence with maximum luminance and external quantum efficiency of 7900 cd m−2 and 2.1 %, respectively.
Unexpected One‐Step Formation of Iodo[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐c]pyridine Derivatives by a Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag Reaction: Studies on the Synthesis of a Pyridine‐Containing Macrocycle
Authors: Lechel Tilman , Podolan Gabriel , Brusilowskij Boris , Schalley Christoph A. , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDuring attempts to prepare functionalized 5‐iodopyridine derivatives the unexpected formation of iodo[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐c]pyridines was discovered. The conversion of 3‐alkoxypyridin‐4‐ols into the corresponding 5‐iodo compounds was achieved by reaction with one equivalent of iodine or tetramethylammonium dichloroiodate under basic conditions. When three equivalents of iodine were used in chlorinated solvents, after 5‐iodination, subsequent reaction of the 3‐alkoxy group took place to form a 1,3‐dioxolane ring with the 4‐hydroxyl group. Generation of the resulting iodo[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐c]pyridines is explained by a radical process known as the Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction. Two 6‐ethynylpyridine derivatives were examined in the iodination process to establish a route to pyridine‐containing macrocycles. The pentasubstituted 5‐iodopyridine derivative21could be prepared; however, attempts to achieve cyclotrimerization of this building block under different conditions were not successful. Reaction of21with copper chloride allowed isolation of a copper acetylide22, which aggregates to a triangular trimeric complex containing four copper(I) ions such as [23·Cu]+as monitored by ESI mass spectrometry.
Synthesis of [2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrazoles Based on Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and Arylacetyl Chlorides
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Golubev Pavel R. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA practical approach to the synthesis of [2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrazoles was developed through condensation of hydrazines with enynones that are easily accessible frombis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene and arylacetyl chlorides. Optimized conditions for reactions with monoarylhydrazines permit the chemoselective formation of 5‐alkynylpyrazoles in high yields (48–94 %). When monoalkylhydrazines or the parent hydrazine is used, mixtures of 3‐ and 5‐alkynylpyrazoles are formed in 73–79 % yields. The method uses inexpensive starting materials and can be applied to a variety of substrates, which makes it convenient for the synthesis of alkynylpyrazoles.
Synthesis of Unsaturated Macrocycles by Ru‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Grisi Fabia , Costabile Chiara , Grimaldi Anna , Viscardi Colomba , Saturnino Carmela , Longo Pasquale 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe activity and stereoselectivity of phosphane‐ and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐containing ruthenium benzylidene complexes have been evaluated in macrocyclic ring‐closing olefin metathesis to produce unsaturated lactones and lactams. The success of the macrocyclization depends on the nature of the ligand (phosphane or N‐heterocyclic carbene) on the ruthenium center and on the NHC properties. As for stereoselectivity, E/Z ratios seem to be influenced not only by the nature of the ruthenium catalyst but also by the thermodynamic stabilities of the resulting unsaturated macrocycles, as confirmed by theoretical results.
Survey of 548 oncogenic fusion transcripts in thyroid tumors supports the importance of the already established thyroid fusions genes
Authors: Celestino Ricardo , Sigstad Eva , Løvf Marthe , Thomassen Gard O. S. , Grøholt Krystyna K. , Jørgensen Lars H. , Berner Aasmund , Castro Patrícia , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Bjøro Trine , Sobrinho‐Simões Manuel , Soares Paula , Skotheim Rolf I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNeoplasms frequently present structural chromosomal aberrations that can alter the level of expression of a protein or to the expression of an aberrant chimeric protein. In the thyroid, the PAX8‐PPARG fusion is present in the neoplastic lesions that have a follicular architecture—follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), and less frequently in follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), while the presence of RET/PTC fusions are largely restricted to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The ability to detect fusion genes is relevant for a correct diagnosis and for therapy. We have developed a new fusion gene microarray‐based approach for simultaneous analysis of all known and predicted fusion gene variants. We did a comprehensive screen for 548 known and putative fusion genes in 27 samples of thyroid tumors and three positive controls—one thyroid cancer cell line (TPC‐1) and two PTCs with known CCDC6‐RET (alias RET/PTC1) fusion gene, using this microarray. Within the thyroid tumors tested, only well known, previously reported fusion genes in thyroid oncology were identified. Our results reinforce the pathogenic role played by RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3, and PAX8‐PPARG fusion genes in thyroid tumorigenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SOCIETAL VIEWS ON NICE, CANCER DRUGS FUND AND VALUE‐BASED PRICING CRITERIA FOR PRIORITISING MEDICINES: A CROSS‐SECTIONAL SURVEY OF 4118 ADULTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Linley Warren G. , Hughes Dyfrig A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe criteria used by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for accepting higher incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios for some medicines over others, and the recent introduction of the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) in England, are assumed to reflect societal preferences for National Health Service resource allocation. Robust empirical evidence to this effect is lacking. To explore societal preferences for these and other criteria, including those proposed for rewarding new medicines under the future value‐based pricing (VBP) system, we conducted a choice‐based experiment in 4118 UK adults via web‐based surveys. Preferences were determined by asking respondents to allocate fixed funds between different patient and disease types reflecting nine specific prioritisation criteria. Respondents supported the criteria proposed under the VBP system (for severe diseases, address unmet needs, are innovative—provided they offered substantial health benefits, and have wider societal benefits) but did not support the end‐of‐life premium or the prioritisation of children or disadvantaged populations as specified by NICE, nor the special funding status for treatments of rare diseases, nor the CDF. Policies introduced on the basis of perceived—and not actual—societal values may lead to inappropriate resource allocation decisions with the potential for significant population health and economic consequences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impairment of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells predicts poor survival and high recurrence rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Junliang , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Lin , Qi Zhaorui , Xing Shaojun , Lv Jiyun , Shi Jianfei , Fu Baoyun , Liu Zhenwen , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Jin Lei , Zhao Yulai , Lau George K.K. , Zhao Jingmin , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The role of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. This study characterized CD4+ CTLs in HCC patients and further elucidated the associations between CD4+ CTLs and HCC disease progression. In all, 547 HCC patients, 44 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 86 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 88 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. CD4+ CTLs were defined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and lytic granule exocytosis assays. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Circulating and liver-infiltrating CD4+ CTLs were found to be significantly increased in HCC patients during early stage disease, but decreased in progressive stages of HCC. This loss of CD4+ CTLs was significantly correlated with high mortality rates and reduced survival time of HCC patients. In addition, the proliferation, degranulation, and production of granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin of CD4+ CTLs were inhibited by the increased forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FoxP3+) regulatory T cells in these HCC patients. Further analysis showed that both circulating and tumor-infiltrating CD4+ CTLs were independent predictors of disease-free survival and overall survival after the resection of the HCC. Conclusion: The progressive deficit in CD4+ CTLs induced by increased FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was correlated with poor survival and high recurrence rates in HCC patients. These data suggest that CD4+ CTLs may represent both a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Single determination of C-reactive protein at the time of diagnosis predicts long-term outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sieghart Wolfgang , Pinter Matthias , Hucke Florian , Graziadei Ivo , Schöniger-Hekele Maximilian , Müller Christian , Vogel Wolfgang , Trauner Michael , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

We investigated the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not amenable to surgery. A total of 615 patients diagnosed with HCC not amenable to surgery between April 1999 and December 2009 at the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical Universities of Vienna and Innsbruck were included. We assessed the optimal CRP cutoff by regression spline analysis and tested its impact on median overall survival (OS) by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis (log-rank test), and multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard regression model) in a training cohort (n = 466, Vienna) and an independent validation cohort (n = 149, Innsbruck). We found a sigmoid-shaped association of CRP and the hazard ratio of death upon regression spline analysis and defined a CRP level <1/≥1 mg/dL as optimal cutoff for further survival assessments. Elevated CRP (≥1 mg/dL) at diagnosis was associated with poor OS (CRP-elevated versus CRP-normal; 4 versus 20 months;

P

< 0.001) and remained a significant negative predictor for OS upon multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.7;

P

< 0.001), which was independent of age, Child-Pugh class, tumor characteristics, and treatment allocation. Analyses with respect to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage and Child-Pugh class supported the relevance of CRP (BCLC-stage C and Child-Pugh A: OS for CRP-elevated versus CRP-normal, 6 versus 14;

P

< 0.001; BCLC-stage C and Child-Pugh B: OS for CRP-elevated versus CRP-normal, 4 versus 15 months;

P

< 0.001). The prognostic significance of elevated CRP was reproducible at a second CRP determination timepoint and confirmed in the independent validation cohort.

Conclusion:

Elevated CRP is associated with a dismal prognosis in HCC patients and may become a useful marker for patient selection in HCC management.
Ammonia control and neurocognitive outcome among urea cycle disorder patients treated with glycerol phenylbutyrate
Authors: Diaz George A. , Krivitzky Lauren S. , Mokhtarani Masoud , Rhead William , Bartley James , Feigenbaum Annette , Longo Nicola , Berquist William , Berry Susan A. , Gallagher Renata , Lichter-Konecki Uta , Bartholomew Dennis , Harding Cary O. , Cederbaum Stephen , McCandless Shawn E. , Smith Wendy , Vockley Gerald , Bart Stephen A. , Korson Mark S. , Kronn David , Zori Roberto , Merritt Lawrence J. , Nagamani Sandesh C.S. , Mauney Joseph , LeMons Cynthia , Dickinson Klara , Moors Tristen L. , Coakley Dion F. , Scharschmidt Bruce F. , Lee Brendan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Glycerol phenylbutyrate is under development for treatment of urea cycle disorders (UCDs), rare inherited metabolic disorders manifested by hyperammonemia and neurological impairment. We report the results of a pivotal Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing ammonia control, assessed as 24-hour area under the curve (NH3-AUC0-24hr), and pharmacokinetics during treatment with glycerol phenylbutyrate versus sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) in adult UCD patients and the combined results of four studies involving short- and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment of UCD patients ages 6 and above. Glycerol phenylbutyrate was noninferior to NaPBA with respect to ammonia control in the pivotal study, with mean (standard deviation, SD) NH3-AUC0-24hr of 866 (661) versus 977 (865) μmol·h/L for glycerol phenylbutyrate and NaPBA, respectively. Among 65 adult and pediatric patients completing three similarly designed short-term comparisons of glycerol phenylbutyrate versus NaPBA, NH3-AUC0-24hr was directionally lower on glycerol phenylbutyrate in each study, similar among all subgroups, and significantly lower (

P

< 0.05) in the pooled analysis, as was plasma glutamine. The 24-hour ammonia profiles were consistent with the slow-release behavior of glycerol phenylbutyrate and better overnight ammonia control. During 12 months of open-label glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment, average ammonia was normal in adult and pediatric patients and executive function among pediatric patients, including behavioral regulation, goal setting, planning, and self-monitoring, was significantly improved.

Conclusion:

Glycerol phenylbutyrate exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics and ammonia control relative to NaPBA in UCD patients, and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment in pediatric UCD patients was associated with improved executive function (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00551200, NCT00947544, NCT00992459, NCT00947297).