bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory‐related cortical atrophy is associated with olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lee Eun‐Young , Eslinger Paul J. , Du Guangwei , Kong Lan , Lewis Mechelle M. , Huang Xuemei 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is often associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and can precede characteristic motor symptoms by several years. Olfactory‐related cortical atrophy has been reported in PD, although the extent and association between cortical atrophy and olfactory dysfunction have been controversial. The present study examined whether olfactory dysfunction is associated with gray matter (GM) volume in brain regions subserving primary and secondary olfactory processing.MethodsHigh‐resolution T1‐weighted brain MRIs were acquired from 40 PD without dementia and 40 matched controls along with smell identification scores. Brain volumes were compared using voxel‐based morphometry.ResultsCompared to controls, PD patients sustained greater GM loss localized to bilateral piriform cortex (PC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Reduced olfactory performance in PD was significantly associated with lower GM volumes in PC and OFC.ConclusionsBoth primary and secondary olfactory cortical atrophy occurred in PD and were associated with olfactory dysfunction. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cross‐cultural factorial validation of the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS‐R); findings from a nationally representative survey (EMPIRIC)
Authors: Das‐Munshi Jayati , Castro‐Costa Erico , Dewey Michael E. , Nazroo James , Prince Martin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS‐R) has been widely adopted across cultures to assess common mental disorders. We assessed the factorial validity of the CIS‐R across ethnic minority groups, using data from a nationally representative survey conducted in England in 2000. The sample comprised White British (n = 837), Irish (n = 733), Black Caribbean (n = 694), Bangladeshi (n = 650), Indian (n = 643) and Pakistani (n = 724) respondents. Ordered logistic regression determined the reporting of CIS‐R symptoms. Principal components analysis (PCA) determined the underlying construct of the CIS‐R in White British participants. These factor solutions were then assessed for “best fit” using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) across all ethnic groups.In ordered logistic regression analyses, there was heterogeneity in the reporting of worries, phobias, panic and somatic symptoms across ethnic minority groups relative to the White British group. “Best” fit solutions confirmed through CFA were models where all symptoms were allowed to vary across ethnic groups, or models where an underlying “depression‐anxiety” construct was held invariant while “somatic symptoms” were permitted to vary across groups, although differences between models assessed were slight.In conclusion, there may be benefits in assessing the functioning of certain CIS‐R items within specific cultural contexts to ensure adequate face validity of the CIS‐R. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive online self‐gating (ADIOS) for free‐breathing noncontrast renal MR angiography
Authors: Xie Yibin , Fan Zhaoyang , Saouaf Rola , Natsuaki Yutaka , Laub Gerhard , Li Debiao 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo develop a respiratory self‐gating method, adaptive online self‐gating (ADIOS), for noncontrast MR angiography (NC MRA) of renal arteries to overcome some limitations of current free‐breathing methods.MethodsA NC MRA pulse sequence for online respiratory self‐gating was developed based on three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) and slab‐selective inversion‐recovery. Motion information was derived directly from the slab being imaged for online gating. Scan efficiency was maintained by an automatic adaptive online algorithm. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of image quality were performed and results were compared with conventional diaphragm navigator (NAV).ResultsNC MRA imaging was successfully completed in all subjects (n = 15). Similarly good image quality was observed in the proximal–middle renal arteries with ADIOS compared with NAV. Superior image quality was observed in the middle‐distal renal arteries in the right kidneys with no NAV‐induced artifacts. Maximal visible artery length was significantly longer with ADIOS versus NAV in the right kidneys. NAV setup was completely eliminated and scan time was significantly shorter with ADIOS on average compared with NAV.ConclusionThe proposed ADIOS technique for noncontrast MRA provides high‐quality visualization of renal arteries with no diaphragm navigator‐induced artifacts, simplified setup, and shorter scan time. Magn Reson Med 73:312–317, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new method for muscle fatigue assessment: Online model identification techniques
Authors: Papaiordanidou Maria , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro , Varray Alain , Fattal Charles , Guiraud David 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to propose a method that allows extraction of the current muscle state under electrically induced fatigue. Methods: The triceps surae muscle of 5 subjects paralyzed by spinal cord injury was fatigued by intermittent electrical stimulation (5 × 5 trains at 30 Hz). Classical fatigue indices representing muscle contractile properties [peak twitch (Pt) and half‐relaxation time (HRT)] were assessed before and after each 5‐train series and were used to identify 2 relevant parameters (Fm, Ur) of a previously developed mathematical model using the Sigma‐Point Kalman Filter. Results: Pt declined significantly during the protocol, whereas HRT remained unchanged. Identification of the model parameters with experimental data yielded a model‐based fatigue assessment that gave a more stable evaluation of fatigue than classical parameters. Conclusions: This work reinforces clinical research by providing a tool that clinicians can use to monitor fatigue development during stimulation. Muscle Nerve 50: 556–563, 2014
Differences in Sexual Behaviors Among Unmarried Sexually Active Students at 2‐ and 4‐Year Colleges
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Lust Katherine A. , Garcia Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSexual risk behaviors are common among college students, but differences between 2‐ and 4‐year students have not been explicitly tested. Survey data from 9,748 unmarried sexually active Minnesota college students (in 2010 or 2011) were used multilevel logistic regression models to test differences in eight high risk sexual health behaviors and outcomes between students attending 2‐ vs. 4‐year colleges. Odds of sex without a condom, sex without reliable birth control, unplanned pregnancy, and STIs were significantly lower among 4‐year students than 2‐year students, after adjusting for demographic covariates. Health promotion approaches targeted to the needs of 2‐ or 4‐year students may be needed. For example, messaging and outreach efforts encouraging condom use may be especially beneficial for sexual health programs at 2‐year colleges. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progress towards personalized medicine for ameloblastoma
Authors: Gomes Carolina C , Diniz Marina G , Gomez Ricardo S 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAmeloblastoma is a locally infiltrative benign odontogenic neoplasm. Tumours may be large, destructive and recurrent, requiring radical surgery with associated facial deformity and morbidity. The molecular pathogenesis of this tumour has been unclear, retarding the development of non‐invasive gene‐targeted therapies. In a recent paper in this journal, Kurppa et al. [4] showed that EGFR‐targeted therapy blocked cell proliferation in an ameloblastoma primary cell culture. That this therapy was not effective in another primary cell culture led to the discovery of the oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in a high proportion (63%) of ameloblastoma samples. By defining two separate pathways, both of which can be specifically targeted, these findings are an important step towards personalized medicine of ameloblastoma. We discuss the findings in the broader context of ameloblastoma, as well as the effects of tumour microenvironment and molecular heterogeneity that need to be taken into account when considering the use of personalized therapies based on specific genetic mutations in individual patients. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Modeling moisture ingress through polyisobutylene‐based edge‐seals
Authors: Kempe Michael D. , Panchagade Dhananjay , Reese Matthew O. , Dameron Arrelaine A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhotovoltaic devices are often sensitive to moisture and must be packaged in such a way as to limit moisture ingress for 25 years or more. Typically, this is accomplished through the use of impermeable front and backsheets (e.g., glass sheets or metal foils). However, this will still allow moisture ingress between the sheets from the edges. Attempts to hermetically seal with a glass frit or similarly welded bonds at the edge have had problems with costs and mechanical strength. Because of this, low diffusivity polyisobutylene materials filled with desiccant are typically used. Although it is well known that these materials will substantially delay moisture ingress, correlating that to outdoor exposure has been difficult. Here, we use moisture ingress measurements at different temperatures and relative humidities to find fit parameters for a moisture ingress model for an edge‐seal material. Then, using meteorological data, a finite element model is used to predict the moisture ingress profiles for hypothetical modules deployed in different climates and mounting conditions, assuming no change in properties of the edge‐seal as a function of aging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bladder and bowel symptoms in cervical and endometrial cancer survivors
Authors: Donovan Kristine A. , Boyington Alice R. , Judson Patricia L. , Wyman Jean F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies likely underestimate the prevalence of bowel and bladder symptoms in gynecologic cancer survivors. We sought to estimate the prevalence of these symptoms in cervical and endometrial cancer survivors who had completed treatment 1 year previously compared with non‐cancer controls, and to examine factors associated with more severe symptoms in survivors.MethodsAs part of a larger quality of life study, survivors who were 1‐year posttreatment for cervical or endometrial cancer (n = 104) completed measures of bladder and bowel symptoms. An age‐matched and race/ethnicity‐matched sample of women with no history of cancer was recruited for comparison purposes.ResultsSurvivors reported a higher prevalence of bladder symptoms, specifically storage and incontinence symptoms, than non‐cancer controls. Prevalence rates for bowel symptoms in survivors were higher than those reported in previous studies. Greater symptom severity was associated with younger age, lower annual incomes, and less education. Other correlates included higher body mass index and history of smoking. As hypothesized, more severe symptoms were associated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic radiation.ConclusionsBladder and bowel symptoms are more prevalent in cervical and endometrial cancer survivors than non‐cancer controls. Future research should replicate these findings in a larger, prospective study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterisation and detection of resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea)
Authors: De Miccolis Angelini Rita M , Masiello Mario , Rotolo Caterina , Pollastro Stefania , Faretra Francesco 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), interfering with fungal respiration, are considered to be fungicides at medium to high risk of resistance. Boscalid was the first molecule belonging to the SDHIs that was introduced for the control of Botryotinia fuckeliana. A range of different target‐site mutations leading to boscalid resistance have been found in field populations of the fungus. The different types of mutation confer different cross‐resistance profiles towards novel SDHIs, such as the recently introduced fungicide fluopyram. This study combines the determination of cross‐resistance profiles and the setting‐up of methods for fast molecular detection of the mutations.RESULTSBy means of in vitro tests, a range of SdhB mutations were characterised for resistance levels towards boscalid and fluopyram. SdhB mutations conferring P225L and P225F substitutions conferred high resistance to boscalid and high or moderate resistance to fluopyram respectively. Mutants carrying the N230I replacement were moderately resistant to both SDHIs. Substitutions at position H272 responsible for a high level of resistance to boscalid conferred sensitivity (H272R), hypersensitivity (H272Y) or moderate resistance (H272V) to fluopyram. Allele‐specific (AS) PCR was developed and used for genotyping 135 B. fuckeliana isolates. The assay confirmed the strict association between resistance profiles and allelic variants of the SdhB gene. Real‐time AS‐PCR proved to be sensitive and specific for quantitative detection of different SDHI‐resistant genotypes.CONCLUSIONFluopyram‐resistant mutants are currently rarely detected in the field sprayed with boscalid, but this may change with intensive exposure of the fungal population to fluopyram. PCR assays/methods developed in the study provide tools for fast monitoring of field populations and observing possible changes in population composition following fluopyram introduction, useful for the setting‐up of appropriate preventive measures. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Fault tolerant distributed portfolio optimization in smart grids
Authors: Juelsgaard M. , Wisniewski R. , Bendtsen J. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThis work considers a portfolio of units for electrical power production and the problem of utilizing it to maintain power balance in the electrical grid. We treat the portfolio as a graph in which the nodes are distributed generators and the links are communication paths. We present a distributed optimization scheme for power balancing, where communication is allowed only between units that are linked in the graph. We include consumers with controllable consumption as an active part of the portfolio. We show that a suboptimal, but arbitrarily good power balancing, can be obtained in an uncoordinated, distributed optimization framework, and we argue that the scheme will work even if the computation time is limited. We further show that our approach can tolerate changes in the portfolio, in the sense that increasing or reducing the number of units in the portfolio requires only local updates. This ensures that units experiencing faults or need for maintenance can be removed from the graph without affecting the overall performance or convergence of the optimization. The results are illustrated by numerical case studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for feedback linearizable systems with an aircraft application
Authors: Gao Gang , Wang Jinzhi , Wang Xianghua 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for feedback linearizable systems (FLSs) and its applications. The dynamic effects caused by the actuator faults on the feedback linearized model are firstly analyzed, which reveals that under actuator faults, the control input in the linearized model is affected by uncertain terms. In the framework of model reference control, the first FTC strategy is proposed as a robust controller, which achieves asymptotic tracking control of the FLS under actuator faults. A disadvantage of this strategy is that it relies on explicit information about several parameters in the actuator faults. This requirement is later relaxed by combining the robust FTC strategy with an adaptive technique to generate the adaptive FTC law, which is then improved to alleviate possible chattering of the actuator and estimation drifting of the adaptive parameter. Finally, the proposed FTC strategies are evaluated by reference command tracking control of a pendulum and an air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle under actuator faults. Simulation results demonstrate good tracking performance, which confirms effectiveness of the proposed strategies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced prostate cancer: advancing patient care
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Parker Chris , Clarke Noel , Farnham Chris , Shah Nimish , Mazhar Danish , Huddart Robert , Green James , Elliott Tony 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis report is based on a series of regional meetings and a seminar held during the 9th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group. The meetings reviewed optimal management of patients with advanced prostate cancer in the context of full multidisciplinary team involvement. Developments in drugs for advanced disease were covered, following which presentations and case discussions were used to look at the future of surgery and palliative care options for this patient population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Evaluation of established and new reference lines for the standardization of transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Hennemann J. , Kennes L. N. , Maass N. , Najjari L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine the performance of a new reference line for the assessment of pelvic organ descent by transperineal ultrasound.MethodsWe compared our newly proposed reference line, between two hyperechoic contours of the symphysis pubis (Line 3), with the horizontal reference line proposed by Dietz and Wilson (Line 1) and the central pubic line proposed by Schaer et al. (Line 2). Ultrasound volumes of 94 women obtained in routine clinical practice were analyzed. The perpendicular distance from the reference lines to the internal sphincter and the most dependent part of the bladder base was measured for volumes obtained at rest, on pelvic floor muscle contraction, on Valsalva maneuver and during coughing. Measurements were repeated 4 months later by the same examiner. Rates of assessment were calculated, and intrarater reliability was evaluated using Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsLine 2 had to be excluded from reliability analysis because of an assessment rate of only 12%, whereas Lines 1 and 3 could be assessed in 100% of volumes. The intrarater repeatability of Lines 1 and 3 was shown to be very similar.ConclusionIn this comparison of three potential reference lines for the assessment of pelvic organ descent by transperineal ultrasound, the central pubic line was shown to be inferior owing to poor visibility in our volumes. Inter‐rater reliability analysis and validation studies are required to confirm our results. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A cross‐layer information centric‐relay transmission strategy for MIMO–OFDMA multicellular networks
Authors: Anadiotis Angelos‐Christos G. , Gkonis Panagiotis K. , Kaklamani Dimitra I. , Venieris Iakovos S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPower control has been a standard issue in modern wireless communications. As a result, several cooperative schemes have been developed towards reducing the downlink transmission power. One possible approach is the use of relays that forward information from the base station (BS) to the mobile stations (MSs). However, up to now, the proposed relaying schemes are focusing solely on channel characteristics. In this work, a novel, content‐aware relaying scheme is introduced, where the MSs can act as active relays based on their requested content and channel quality. Content awareness is achieved with a cross‐layer algorithm, which considers an information‐centric networking layer. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated considering a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cellular configuration with one tier of cells around the central cell, where the downlink transmission power (in terms of mean values) has been compared to the typical non‐content‐aware case. For this reason, a hybrid system—link level simulator has been developed that executes independent Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in parallel. Moreover, the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer protocol has been employed as well, in order to comply with fourth generation standards. The derived results indicate that, compared to the non‐content‐aware case, the proposed relay transmission algorithm can provide up to 7/17% transmission power gain in medium or highly loaded networks (i.e., 10% and 40% blocking probabilities, respectively) in a symmetric 2 × 2 MIMO configuration (i.e., equal number of transmit and receive antennas). Moreover, compared to the case where no relay transmission is supported, then the aforementioned gain can reach up to 20%. Finally, the proposed algorithm can provide up to 25% reduction on the overall transmission delay from the relay node to the destination compared to the non‐content‐aware case. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The human nature of culture and education
Authors: Trevarthen Colwyn , Gratier Maya , Osborne Nigel 
Published: January 2014

Human cultures educate children with different strategies. Ancient hunter‐gatherers 200,000 years ago, with bodies and brains like our own, in bands of a hundred well‐known individuals or less, depended on spontaneous cooperative practice of knowledge and skills in a natural world. Before creating language, they appreciated beautiful objects and music. Anthropologists observe that similar living cultures accept that children learn in playful ‘intent participation’. Large modern industrial states with millions of citizens competing in a global economy aim to instruct young people in scientific concepts and the rules of literacy and numeracy deemed important for employment with elaborate machines. Our psychobiological theories commonly assume that an infant starts with a body needing care and emotional regulation and a mind that assimilates concepts of objects by sensorimotor action and requires school instruction in rational principles after several years of cognitive development. Evidence from archeology and evolutionary anthropology indicates thatHomo sapiensare born with an imaginative and convivial brain ready for the pleasure of shared invention and with a natural sense of beauty in handmade objects and music. In short, there areinnate predispositions for culturefor practicing meaningful habits and artful performances that are playfully inventive and seductive for companionship in traditions, and soon capable of grasping the clever purpose of shared tasks and tools. This knowledge of inventive human nature with esthetic and moral sensibilities has important implications for educational policy in our schools.WIREs Cogn Sci2014, 5:173–192. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1276This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of CognitionPsychology > Emotion and MotivationPhilosophy > Knowledge and Belief