bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usp18 deficient mammary epithelial cells create an antitumour environment driven by hypersensitivity to IFN‐λ and elevated secretion of Cxcl10
Authors: Burkart Christoph , Arimoto Kei‐ichiro , Tang Tingdong , Cong Xiuli , Xiao Nengming , Liu Yun‐Cai , Kotenko Sergei V. , Ellies Lesley G. , Zhang Dong‐Er 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe theory of cancer immunoediting refers to mechanisms by which the immune system can suppress or promote tumour progression. A major challenge for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies is to find ways to exploit the immune system's antitumour activity while concomitantly reducing its protumour activity. Using the PyVmT model of mammary tumourigenesis, we show that lack of the Usp18 gene significantly inhibits tumour growth by creating a tumour‐suppressive microenvironment. Generation of this antitumour environment is driven by elevated secretion of the potent T‐cell chemoattractant Cxcl10 by Usp18 deficient mammary epithelial cells (MECs), which leads to recruitment of Th1 subtype CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that Cxcl10 upregulation in MECs is promoted by interferon‐λ and that Usp18 is a novel inhibitor of interferon‐λ signalling. Knockdown of the interferon‐λ specific receptor subunit IL‐28R1 in Usp18 deficient MECs dramatically enhances tumour growth. Taken together, our data suggest that targeting Usp18 may be a viable approach to boost antitumour immunity while suppressing the protumour activity of the immune system.
Migration of channel heads following wildfire in the Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Wohl Ellen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe High Park Fire burned ~35 300 ha of the Colorado Front Range during June and July 2012. In the areas of most severe burn, all trees were killed and the litter and duff layers of soil were completely removed. Post‐fire erosion caused channel heads to develop well upslope from pre‐fire locations. The locations of 50 channel heads in two burned catchments were documented and the range of drainage areas contributing to these channel heads to drainage areas of unburned channel heads in the region measured previously were compared. Mean drainage area above channel heads in the burned zone decreased by more than two‐orders of magnitude relative to unburned sites. Drainage area above channel heads between the two burned catchments does not differ significantly with respect to slope, likely as a result of differences in surface roughness between the two sites following the fire. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel–floodplain connectivity during an extreme flood event: implications for sediment erosion, deposition, and delivery
Authors: Croke Jacky , Fryirs Kirstie , Thompson Christopher 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe term connectivity has emerged as a powerful concept in hydrology and geomorphology and is emerging as an innovative component of catchment erosion modeling studies. However, considerable confusion remains regarding its definition and quantification, especially as it relates to fluvial systems. This confusion is exacerbated by a lack of detailed case studies and by the tendency to treat water and sediment separately. Extreme flood events provide a useful framework to assess variability in connectivity, particularly the connection between channels and floodplains. The catastrophic flood of January 2011 in the Lockyer valley, southeast Queensland, Australia provides an opportunity to examine this dimension in some detail and to determine how these dynamics operate under high flow regimes. High resolution aerial photographs and multi‐temporal LiDAR digital elevation models (DEMs), coupled with hydrological modeling, are used to assess both the nature of hydrologic and sedimentological connectivity and their dominant controls. Longitudinal variations in flood inundation extent led to the identification of nine reaches which displayed varying channel–floodplain connectivity. The major control on connectivity was significant non‐linear changes in channel capacity due to the presence of notable macrochannels which contained a > 3000 average recurrence interval (ARI) event at mid‐catchment locations. The spatial pattern of hydrological connectivity was not straight‐forward in spite of bankfull discharges for selected reaches exceeding 5600 m3s–1. Data indicate that the main channel boundary was the dominant source of sediment while the floodplains, where inundated, were the dominant sinks. Spatial variability in channel–floodplain hydrological connectivity leads to dis‐connectivity in the downstream transfer of sediments between reaches and affected sediment storage on adjacent floodplains. Consideration of such variability for even the most extreme flood events, highlights the need to carefully consider non‐linear changes in key variables such as channel capacity and flood conveyance in the development of a quantitative ‘connectivity index’. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the continuum of river channel patterns
Authors: Nicholas Andrew P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPhysically‐based modelling of rivers has advanced in recent decades by developing separate approaches for representing single‐thread and multi‐thread channels. This paper reports on a new morphodynamic model developed with the goal of simulating river and floodplain co‐evolution within a general framework suitable for investigating diverse fluvial styles. Simulations illustrate the potential for representing meandering, braided and anabranching channels using this model. Moreover, by adopting relatively simple parameterizations of many processes, this work provides insight into what may constitute sufficient (minimal) model complexity, and highlights uncertainties that should be addressed by future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal and seasonal development of embryo dunes on an accreting macrotidal beach: North Lincolnshire, UK
Authors: Montreuil Anne‐Lise , Bullard Joanna E. , Chandler Jim H. , Millett Jon 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTEmbryo dunes are often ephemeral, but can develop to become established coastal foredunes. In 2001 a patch of embryo dunes 13.11 m2 appeared on a beach in north Lincolnshire, UK and had expanded to over 3600 m2 by 2011. The rate of expansion is linked to storm occurrence, where expansion is slowed during years with a higher incidence of storm surges. From July 2009–October 2010 seasonal changes in dune field topography were determined using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. Vegetation is important in the development of embryo dunes, but can cause errors in TLS data. Tests evaluating the impact of vegetation on the TLS data suggest the minimum elevation value from the TLS point cloud within a 0.05 m grid cell gives a good approximation of the ground surface. Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the dunes constructed using filtered data showed the embryo dunes underwent a classic seasonal cycle of erosion during the winter and accretion during the summer. For example from October 2009 to April 2010 over 375 m3 of sediment was eroded from the dunes whereas during spring and summer 2010 the dune field gained over 600 m3 of sand. The overall magnitude of change in dune height and volume from season to season exceeded the errors associated with the construction of the DEM from the TLS data and the vegetation filtering process, which suggests TLS can be useful for documenting topographic change in vegetated dunes. After 10 years, the patch of embryo dunes is still expanding but has not yet merged with more established foredunes to landward. Aeolian process measurements indicate that, at present, the embryo dunes do not prevent sand from reaching the foredunes, however the rate of foredune progradation has slowed concurrently with the expansion of the embryo dune field. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperscale terrain modelling of braided rivers: fusing mobile terrestrial laser scanning and optical bathymetric mapping
Authors: Williams R. D. , Brasington J. , Vericat D. , Hicks D. M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTQuantifying the morphology of braided rivers is a key task for understanding braided river behaviour. In the last decade, developments in geomatics technologies and associated data processing methods have transformed the production of precise, reach‐scale topographic datasets. Nevertheless, generating accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) remains a demanding task, particularly in fluvial systems. This paper identifies a threefold set of challenges associated with surveying these dynamic landforms: complex relief, inundated shallow channels and high rates of sediment transport, and terms these challenges the ‘morphological’, ‘wetted channel’ and ‘mobility’ problems, respectively. In an attempt to confront these issues directly, this paper presents a novel survey methodology that combines mobile terrestrial laser scanning and non‐metric aerial photography with data reduction and surface modelling techniques to render DEMs from the resulting very high resolution datasets. The approach is used to generate and model a precise, dense topographic dataset for a 2.5 km reach of the braided Rees River, New Zealand. Data were acquired rapidly between high flow events and incorporate over 5 x 109 raw survey observations with point densities of 1600 pts m‐2 on exposed bar and channel surfaces. A detailed error analysis of the resulting sub‐metre resolution is described to quantify DEM quality across the entire surface model. This reveals unparalleled low vertical errors for such a large and complex surface model; between 0.03 and 0.12 m in exposed and inundated areas of the model, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water‐lain gravels
Authors: Rice Stephen P. , Buffin‐Bélanger Thomas , Reid Ian 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFlow within the interfacial layer of gravel‐bed rivers is poorly understood, but this zone is important because the hydraulics here transport sediment, generate flow structures and interact with benthic organisms. We hypothesized that different gravel‐bed microtopographies generate measurable differences in hydraulic characteristics within the interfacial layer. This was tested using a high density of spatially and vertically distributed, velocity time series measured in the interfacial layers above three surfaces of contrasting microtopography. These surfaces had natural water‐worked textures, captured in the field using a casting procedure. Analysis was repeated for three discharges, with Reynolds numbers between 165000 and 287000, to evaluate whether discharge affected the impact of microtopography on interfacial flows. Relative submergence varied over a small range (3.5 to 8.1) characteristic of upland gravel‐bed rivers. Between‐surface differences in the median and variance of several time‐averaged and turbulent flow parameters were tested using non‐parametric statistics. Across all discharges, microtopographic differences did not affect spatially averaged (median) values of streamwise velocity, but were associated with significant differences in its spatial variance, and did affect spatially averaged (median) turbulent kinetic energy. Sweep and ejection events dominated the interfacial region above all surfaces at all flows, but there was a microtopographic effect, with Q2 and Q4 events less dominant and structures less persistent above the surface with the widest relief distribution, especially at the highest Reynolds number flow. Results are broadly consistent with earlier work, although this analysis is unique because of the focus on interfacial hydraulics, spatially averaged ‘patch scale’ metrics and a statistical approach to data analysis. An important implication is that observable differences in microtopography do not necessarily produce differences in interfacial hydraulics. An important observation is that appropriate roughness parameterizations for gravel‐bed rivers remain elusive, partly because the relative contributions to flow resistance of different aspects of bed microtopography are poorly constrained. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cyclohexanone/sulfonated polymer catalyst: a new simple derivatizing procedure for GC‐MS determination of 2‐ and 3‐monochloropropanediols
Authors: Becalski Adam , Zhao Tony , Sit Daniel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAssessment of contamination of foods with monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and subsequent mitigation of their formation is an important current issue of a global food security. Methods for the determination of 2‐ or 3‐MCPD in foods at low μg/kg levels require analyte derivatization prior to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) determination. All existing methods suffer from various drawbacks associated with current derivatization schemes. We have developed a new derivatization scheme, which uses cyclohexanone as a derivatization agent and a sulfonated polymer as a solid‐phase acidic catalyst. This derivatization uses a readily available derivatization reagent and does not require any postderivatization workup. The respective 2‐MCPD 1,3‐dioxane and 3‐MCPD 1,3‐dioxolane derivatives are stable with storage, produce characteristic molecular ions, and chromatograph well on nonpolar GC columns. This derivatization procedure was applied to the analysis of free 2‐ and 3‐MCPD, bound 2‐ or 3‐MCPD (in the form of fatty acid esters after acidic hydrolysis), and also to simultaneous analysis of free and bound forms. The method was tested on soy sauce, commercial palm oil, palm oil noodles from an instant soup, and olive oil, which was spiked with bound 2‐ and/or 3‐MCPD. The results obtained using derivatization with cyclohexanone agreed with the data obtained using traditional heptafluorobutyryl imidazole derivatization. Additionally, data for soy sauce and palm oil matrices obtained through interlaboratory testing programs had z‐scores <1. The method detection limit is 1–3 μg/kg for free 2‐ and 3‐MCPD (sample weight dependent) and 100 μg/kg per fat for bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD.
Dopamine D1 receptor activity modulates object recognition memory consolidation in the perirhinal cortex but not in the hippocampus
Authors: Balderas Israela , Moreno‐Castilla Perla , Bermudez‐Rattoni Federico 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that distributed neuronal networks in the medial temporal lobe process different characteristics of a recognition event; the hippocampus has been associated with contextual recollection while the perirhinal cortex has been linked with familiarity. Here we show that D1 dopamine receptor activity in these two structures participates differentially in object recognition memory consolidation. The D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 was infused bilaterally 15 min before a 5 min sample phase in either rats' perirhinal cortex or dorsal hippocampus, and they were tested 90 min for short‐term memory or 24 h later for long‐term memory. SCH23390 impaired long‐term memory when infused in the perirhinal cortex but not when infused in the hippocampus. Conversely, when the D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 was infused 10 min before a 3 min sample phase in the perirhinal cortex, long‐term memory was enhanced, however, this was not observed when the D1 agonist was infused in the hippocampus. Short‐term memory was spared when SCH23390 or SKF38393 were infused in the perirhinal cortex or the dorsal hippocampus suggesting that acquisition was unaffected. These results suggest that dopaminergic transmission in these medial temporal lobe structures have a differential involvement in object recognition memory consolidation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma‐assisted heparin conjugation on electrospun poly(l‐lactide) fibrous scaffolds
Authors: Cheng Q. , Komvopoulos K. , Li S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHeparin conjugation on poly(l‐lactide) fibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning was accomplished by surface functionalization with amine (–NH2) groups using a sequential treatment with Ar‐NH3 and H2 plasmas. The density of the incorporated –NH2 groups was determined by combining a chemical derivatization method with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The time of Ar‐NH3 plasma treatment significantly affected the N/C, –NH2/N, and –NH2/C fractions, whereas the plasma power, Ar‐NH3 gas composition, and time of H2 plasma treatment only influenced the –NH2/N and –NH2/C fractions. Scaffold surface functionalization by –NH2 groups significantly increased the amount of covalently bonded heparin compared to a hydrolysis method. The function of immobilized heparin was confirmed by the decrease of platelet attachment during the exposure of the scaffolds to blood from Sprague‐Dawley rats. In vitro experiments with bovine aorta endothelial cells demonstrated that heparin conjugation enhanced cell infiltration through the fibrous scaffolds, regardless of the amount of covalently immobilized heparin. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1408–1414, 2014.
Effectiveness of a Pharmacist‐Led Drug Counseling on Enhancing Antihypertensive Adherence and Blood Pressure Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong Martin C.S. , Liu Kirin Q.L. , Wang Harry H.X. , Lee Catherine L.S. , Kwan Mandy W.M. , Lee Ken W.S. , Cheung Yu , Lee Gabrielle K.Y. , Morisky Donald E. , Griffiths Sian M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdherence to antihypertensive medications represents a crucial success factor for optimal blood pressure (BP) control in clinical practice. This study evaluated whether an additional pharmacist‐led medication counseling could achieve better optimal BP control and enhance compliance. In a designated family clinic in a region with similar resident characteristics to Hong Kong, patients taking ≥ one antihypertensive agent with suboptimal compliance were randomly allocated to a brief 3‐minute drug advice (control; n = 161) or pharmacist counseling (intervention; n = 113). The two groups were compared by repeated measure ANOVA at 3‐months and 6‐months with BP control and medication compliance as outcome variables, respectively. The proportions of patients having optimal compliance increased from 0% to 41.1% at 3 months and 61.9% at 6 months (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients having optimal BP control improved from 64.1% at baseline to 74.0% at 3 months and 74.5% at 6 months (P = 0.023). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the changes of BP control and compliance levels. This study implied that even a brief 3‐minute drug advice might lead to improved BP levels among patients on antihypertensive medications in general practice, but did not demonstrate additional effects by pharmacist counseling.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Belimumab Following Intravenous Administration in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Struemper Herbert , Chen Cecil , Cai Wendy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe population pharmacokinetics (PK) of belimumab were characterized in 1,603 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving belimumab 1, 4, 10, or 20 mg/kg doses in Phase 1–3 trials. Belimumab PK were well described with a linear two‐compartment model, with clearance from the central compartment (CL). Belimumab exposure was approximately dose‐proportional. The estimated population terminal half‐life was 19.4 days and steady‐state volume of distribution (Vss) was 5.29 L for the currently approved 10 mg/kg dose used in the Phase 3 trials, with an estimated CL of 215 mL/day. No effects of age, sex, race, disease activity, co‐medications, or baseline characteristics on belimumab PK were found to alter exposure in a manner requiring dose adjustment. An association observed between increasing baseline proteinuria and increasing CL may be clinically relevant in nephropathy with very high proteinuria levels. No evidence of target‐mediated clearance was observed. Clinically relevant effects of body size (increased CL and V1 with increased body weight, and reduced V1 with increased body mass index) have been accounted for in current weight‐normalized belimumab dosing.
In vivo protection of activated Tyr22‐dihydrofolate reductase gene‐modified canine T lymphocytes from methotrexate
Authors: Gori Jennifer L. , Beard Brian C. , Williams Nathaniel P. , Ironside Christina , Swanson Debra , Scott McIvor R. , Kiem Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundNonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can cure malignant and nonmalignant diseases affecting the hematopoietic system, such as severe combined immunodeficiencies, aplastic anemia and hemoglobinopathies. Although nonmyeloablative is favored over myeloablative transplantation for many patients, graft rejection remains problematic. One strategy for decreasing rejection is to protect donor activated T cells in the graft from methotrexate (MTX) by genetically modifying the cells to express MTX‐resistant dihydrofolate reductase (Tyr22‐DHFR), leaving the immunosuppressive effects of MTX to act solely on activated host T lymphocytes, shifting the balance to favor allogeneic engraftment.MethodsTo evaluate MTX resistance of Tyr22‐DHFR+ T lymphocytes in vivo, we transplanted dogs with autologous CD34+ cells modified with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and DHFR‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) lentivirus vectors. Dogs were then treated with a standard MTX regimen days 1, 3, 6 and 11) following immune activation with a foreign antigen as a surrogate assay to mimic early transplantation.ResultsDHFR‐GFP+ gene marking was maintained in CD3+CD25+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes after MTX treatment, whereas the level of T lymphocytes that expressed only a fluorescent reporter (YFP+) decreased. These data show that Tyr22‐DHFR expression protects T lymphocytes from MTX toxicity in dogs, highlighting a clinically relevant application for preserving donor T lymphocytes during post‐transplantation immunosuppression.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study have implications for the clinical translation of MTX‐resistant T cells to facilitate engraftment of allogeneic cells following nonmyeloablative conditioning and to minimize the risk of rejection. In summary, Tyr22‐DHFR expression in T lymphocytes provides chemoprotection from MTX‐mediated elimination in the context of immune activation in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional mapping of gas uptake by blood and tissue in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon‐129 MRI
Authors: Qing Kun , Ruppert Kai , Jiang Yun , Mata Jaime F. , Miller G. Wilson , Shim Y. Michael , Wang Chengbo , Ruset Iulian C. , Hersman F. William , Altes Talissa A. , Mugler John P. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo develop a breathhold acquisition for regional mapping of ventilation and the fractions of hyperpolarized xenon‐129 (Xe129) dissolved in tissue (lung parenchyma and plasma) and red blood cells (RBCs), and to perform an exploratory study to characterize data obtained in human subjects.Materials and MethodsA three‐dimensional, multi‐echo, radial‐trajectory pulse sequence was developed to obtain ventilation (gaseous Xe129), tissue, and RBC images in healthy subjects, smokers, and asthmatics. Signal ratios (total dissolved Xe129 to gas, tissue‐to‐gas, RBC‐to‐gas, and RBC‐to‐tissue) were calculated from the images for quantitative comparison.ResultsHealthy subjects demonstrated generally uniform values within coronal slices, and a gradient in values along the anterior‐to‐posterior direction. In contrast, images and associated ratio maps in smokers and asthmatics were generally heterogeneous and exhibited values mostly lower than those in healthy subjects. Whole‐lung values of total dissolved Xe129 to gas, tissue‐to‐gas, and RBC‐to‐gas ratios in healthy subjects were significantly larger than those in diseased subjects.ConclusionRegional maps of tissue and RBC fractions of dissolved Xe129 were obtained from a short breathhold acquisition, well tolerated by healthy volunteers and subjects with obstructive lung disease. Marked differences were observed in spatial distributions and overall amounts of Xe129 dissolved in tissue and RBCs among healthy subjects, smokers and asthmatics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:346–359. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.