bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Selected Parameters on the Effectiveness of IGCC System Integrated With CCS Installation
Authors: Skorek-Osikowska Anna , Bartela Łukasz , Kotowicz Janusz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the basic input data and modelling results of IGCC system with membrane CO2 capture installation and without capture. The models were built using commercial software (Aspen and GateCycle) and with the use of authors’ own computational codes. The main parameters of the systems were calculated, such as gross and net power, auxiliary power of individual installations and efficiencies. The models were used for the economic and ecological analysis of the systems. The Break Even Point method of analysis was used. The calculations took into account the EU emissions trading scheme. Sensitivity analysis on the influence of selected quantities on break-even price of electricity was performed
Pyrogenesis of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Present in Cigarette Smoke II: Pyrolytic Products of some Representative Constituents of the Hexane Soluble Fraction of Tobacco
Authors: Schlotzhauer W. S. , Schmeltz I. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In continued studies to reevaluate the contribution of the hexane-soluble fraction of flue-cured tobacco to the formation of aromatic compounds, especially polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, present in cigarette smoke, some compounds representative of that fraction have been pyrolyzed (860°C, N2). The straight chain saturated compounds, n-hexane, stearic acid, and dotriacontane, produced pyrolysates distinguished by relatively low yields of total neutrals and the absence of any significant quantities of aromatic products with alkyl side chains. Compounds containing double bonds, such as the unsaturated fatty acid, linolenic acid and its methyl ester, and the polyene squalene, which like phytol is also characterized by methyl groups on the chain, produced relatively higher yields of neutral products, including alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons. Phytol, of course, also exhibited this tendency. Pyrolysis of the plant sterol, b-sitosterol, produced the greatest amounts of phenanthrene and BaP. Estimates of BaP levels in pyrolysates indicate that phytol, in addition to the above mentioned sterol, is a relatively effective high temperature precursor of this important carcinogen. The hexane solubles of flue-cured tobacco were shown to produce BaP in levels intermediate to the least effective (stearic acid) and most effective (b-sitosterol) precursor examined.
The Use of Some Organic Salts as Humectants/Einige organische Salze als Feuchthaltemittel in Cigaretten
Authors: Aksu S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Sorbitol and diethylenglycol were compared with the respective effects of potassiumacetate, potassiumlactate, magnesiumacetate and potassiummalate as humectants for a Turkish tobacco blend. Potassiumlactate and magnesiumacetate resulted in a slight improvement of taste while Sorbitol was a little unfavourable in this respect. In the cigarettes with Sorbitol and diethyleneglycol the yield of condensate per cigarette was slightly increased. The salts of potassium caused an increase in burning rate. Potassiumacetate, potassiumlactate, magnesiumacetate, potassiummalate and Sorbitol increased the filling power. There was no evidence that the organic salts, which were investigated should not be used as humectants in the industrial production of tobacco goods.
The Influence of Burning Additives of the Cigarette Paper on the Smoke Yields of Cigarettes/Über den Einfluss der Glimmsalze des Cigarettenpapiers auf die Abrauchergebnisse von Cigaretten
Authors: Jodl R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The burning rate of a defined cigarette blend - same kind and composition of the cut tobacco assumed - depends upon the porosity of the paper as well as upon the type and quantity of the burning additives of the paper. If the same burning agent is added in comparable amounts the burning rate varies according to the porosity of the paper. In the smoke total condensate and nicotine decrease with an increasing burning rate.
Development and Characterisation of Irap Markers From Expressed Retrotransposon-like sequences in Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Voronova Angelika , Ruņģis Dainis 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Conifer genomes are large and stably diploid, in contrast to angiosperms, which are more variable both in genome size and ploidy. Conifer genomes are characterised by multiple gene families and pseudogenes, contain large inter-gene regions and a considerable proportion of repetitive sequences. All members of plant retrotransposon orders have been identified in gymnosperm genomes, however active elements have not been described. Investigation of transposable elements in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) could offer insights into transposon-mediated reorganisation under stress conditions in complex and ancient plant genomes. Nine Pinus sylvestris specific markers were developed to hypothetical long terminal repeats (LTRs) from differentially expressed retrotransposon-like fragments after heat stress and insect damage. Genetic diversity of 150 trees from a naturally regenerated pine stand was investigated using the IRAP method. The developed markers revealed high levels of genetic diversity and were able to distinguish subpopulations growing in long-term differential environmental conditions. Somaclonal variation was also investigated using these markers and polymorphic fragments were identified between ramets of Scots pine clones growing in two different plantations, possibly indicating evidence of recent transposition events. Sequencing of the polymorphic fragments identified two groups of sequences containing LTR sequences of an unknown retrotransposon with homology to the LTRs of the Copia-17-PAb-I element.
Surface Activity of Humic Acids Depending on Their Origin and Humification Degree
Authors: Klaviņš Māris , Purmalis Oskars 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Humic substances are able to reduce the surface tension of their solutions and thus can act as surface-active substances in the natural environment, which may have industrial application. The ability to influence the surface tension of humic acid solutions depends on the origin of the humic acids. The objective of this study was comparison of the ability of humic acids of different origin (soil, water, peat, lignite etc.) to influence the surface tension of their solutions, and identification of the structural characteristics of peat humic acids that determine their surfactant properties. Industrially produced humic materials demonstrated no or insignificant impact on the surface tension of their solutions. However, humic acids isolated from peat had significant impact of the surface tension of their solutions, acting as weak surfactants. The surface tension of humic acid solutions decreased with increasing concentration, and depended on solution pH. Using a well-characterised bog profile, the ability to influence the surface tension of peat humic acids was shown to depend on age and humification degree. With increase of the humification degree and age, molecular complexity of humic acids and their ability to influence surface tension decreased; but nevertheless, the impact of the biological precursor (peat-forming bryophytes and plants) could be identified.
Ensemble of ground subsidence hazard maps using fuzzy logic
Authors: Park Inhye , Lee Jiyeong , Saro Lee 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Hazard maps of ground subsidence around abandoned underground coal mines (AUCMs) in Samcheok, Korea, were constructed using fuzzy ensemble techniques and a geographical information system (GIS). To evaluate the factors related to ground subsidence, a spatial database was constructed from topographic, geologic, mine tunnel, land use, groundwater, and ground subsidence maps. Spatial data, topography, geology, and various ground-engineering data for the subsidence area were collected and compiled in a database for mapping ground-subsidence hazard (GSH). The subsidence area was randomly split 70/30 for training and validation of the models. The relationships between the detected ground-subsidence area and the factors were identified and quantified by frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. The relationships were used as factor ratings in the overlay analysis to create ground-subsidence hazard indexes and maps. The three GSH maps were then used as new input factors and integrated using fuzzy-ensemble methods to make better hazard maps. All of the hazard maps were validated by comparison with known subsidence areas that were not used directly in the analysis. As the result, the ensemble model was found to be more effective in terms of prediction accuracy than the individual model.
Species Composition and Structure of the Communities of Plant-Parasitic and Free-Living Soil Nematodes in the Greenhouses of Botanical Gardens of Ukraine
Authors: Gubin A.I. , Sigareva D.D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Species Composition and Structure of the Communities of Plant-Parasitic and Free-Living Soil Nematodes in the Greenhouses of Botanical Gardens of Ukraine. Gubin, A. I., Sigareva, D. D. — In greenhouses of botanical gardens of Ukraine 81 species of nematodes were found. The richest by the number of species was Tylenchida order that was presented by 25 species (31 % of species composition). The dominant group of nematodes was plant-parasitic (most frequent was Rotylenchus robustus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1936 and Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949). The group of saprobiotic nematodes, which was presented by 52 species (64 %), appeared to be the richest by the number of species. It is shown, that formation of nematode communities in greenhouses of botanical gardens was caused by the interaction of many related factors, crucial of which is the composition of plant collections. The structure of communities is quite constant and almost independent of the quantity of nematodes species. Plant-parasitic species dominate by the number and frequency of detection, and represent a kind of a core of nematode communities.
Study of Biology, Morphology And Taxonomy of The Nematode Stephanofilaria Assamensis (Filariina, Stephanofilariidae)
Authors: Saparov K.A. , Akramova F.D. , Azimov D.A. , Golovanov V.I. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Study of Biology, Morphology and Taxonomy of the Nematode Stephanofilaria assamensis (Filariina, Stephanofilariidae). Saparov K. A., Akramova F. D., Azimov D. A., Golovanov V. I. — Biological characters of Stephanofilaria assamensis Pande, 1936, a parasite of cattle, were studied under environmental conditions of Uzbekistan with the emphasis on morphology of all developmental stages. Bloodsucking flies Haematobia atripalpis Bezzi, 1895, Lyperosia titillans Bezzi, 1907 and L.irritans Linnaeus, 1758 were established as intermediate hosts. Prevalence of the nematode larvae in the flies constituted 2.1, 1.5, and 1.2 %, respectively. Characters for the species identification were revised. On that basis S. zaheeri Singh, 1958 is regarded as a synonym of S. assamensis. The place of Stephanofilaria genus in the system of Stephanofilariidae is discussed.
Load Data Calculation in Electric Axle Drives and Fatigue Assessment for the Electric Motor Subsystem
Authors: Knetsch Dustin , Funk Matthias , Kennerknecht Tobias , Eberl Christoph 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the present work, a fatigue assessment of the electric motor within the electric axle drive (electric axle) was developed using virtual load data. Now that the electric axle with torque vectoring function has been integrated into multiple vehicle classes, it is possible to create simulation models which allow the drive train to be mapped in various driving scenarios. Validation is performed by means of optical measurement methods (object tracking) which allow to determine load data for subsystems and components under variable torque and speed scenarios (e. g., handling course). In this paper, a load spectrum was created and used for fatigue analysis of the subsystem, namely the traction motor (EM) and torque vectoring motor. Based on the local stress, a finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out on the rotor, and investigations of strength and fatigue were performed on thin sheets of electrical steel. These S-N diagrams consider various factors such as material, temperature, and influence of specimen dimensions and are the basis for fatigue assessment based on the load spectrum from simulation.
Absicherungskonzept für die Betriebsfestigkeit von HV-Speicherbatterien
Authors: Dörnhöfer Andreas , Bathe Matthias , Heuler Paul , Kraus Markus 
Published: July 2014

KurzfassungZur Betriebsfestigkeitsabsicherung modular aufgebauter Hochvolt-Speicherbatterien kommt bei der Audi AG ein Multilevel-Ansatz zur Anwendung. Ausgehend von Auslegungsforderungen werden die betriebsfestigkeitsrelevanten Belastungen und die daraus resultierenden, mechanischen Beanspruchungen für Batteriesysteme bestimmt. Aus einem Vergleich der Eignung verschiedener Prüfstände folgt die beschriebene Vorgehensweise als Kombination fahrzeugnaher und -ferner Prüfverfahren. Die Rauschprofilableitung aus Fahrzeugmessungen sowie Herausforderungen und Grenzen des Prüfverfahrens werden am Beispiel einer einaxialen Shaker-Prüfung aufgezeigt. Neben der experimentellen Prüfung ist für ein Absicherungskonzept auch eine virtuelle Begleitung durch FEM-Struktursimulationen unerlässlich.
Saproxylic beetles of the Po plain woodlands, Italy
Authors: Stefanelli Silvia , Della Rocca Francesca , Bogliani Giuseppe 
Published: July 2014

Forest ecosystems play an important role for the conservation of biodiversity, and for the protection of ecological processes. The Po plain woodlands which once covered the whole Plain, today are reduced in isolated highly threatened remnants by modern intensive agriculture. These close to natural floodplain forests are one of the most scarce and endangered ecosystems in Europe.
Saproxylic species represent a major part of biodiversity of woodlands. The saproxylic insects are considered one of the most reliable bio-indicators of high-quality mature woodlands and have a very important role in regard to the protection and monitoring of forest biodiversity due to their highly specific living environments. As a result of the dramatic reduction of mature forests and the decreased availability of deadwood most of the saproxylic communities are greatly diminishing.
The study was conducted in the Ticino Valley Regional Park and the aim is to contribute to the expansion of knowledge on the saproxylic beetles of Lombardy. We investigated 6 sampling sites belonging to alluvial and riparian mixed forests. For each forest we selected 12 trees. For beetles’ collection we used two different traps: Eclector Traps and Trunk Window Traps (total of 72 traps and 864 samples collected).
We determined 4.387 beetles from 87 saproxylic species belonging to 21 families. Of these species 51 were not included in the previous checklist of the Park.
By comparing the two different techniques used for catching saproxylic beetles, we found a significantly high difference in species richness between Window Traps (WT) and Eclector Traps (ET) with a higher number of species captured in the Window Traps. However, the combined use of two different types of traps significantly expanded the spectrum of insects captured
Among the species reported as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List, we found interesting species such as the Elateridae Calambus bipustulats, the Eucnemidae Melasis buprestoides and the following species never previously found in the Park: Cerambycidae Xylotrechus rusticus, the Cetoniidae Valgus hemipterus, the Elateridae Lacon punctatus, the Mycetophagidae Mycetophagus piceus, Litargus connexus.
Although we didn’t find species listed in the Annexes of the EU Habitat Directive, some of the species found are locally threatened because of their rarity, local distribution, and strong linkage to old forests. Among these species there are the Bothrideridae Bothrideres bipunctatus, the Cerambycidae Prionus coriarius and Xylotrechus rusticus, the Dryophthoridae Dryophthorus corticalis, the Eucnemidae Nematodes filum (with only 1 individual captured in Alnus unmanged forest), the Histeridae Aeletes atomarius and Paromalus flavicornis, the Laemophloeidae Cryptolestes duplicatus, the Latridiidae Enicmus rugosus and Latridius hirtus, the Mycetophagidae Mycetophagus piceus, and the Zopheridae Colydium elongatum and Pycnomerus terebrans.
De la fonction porte-parole du corps dans l'agir des adolescentes d'aujourd'hui
Authors: Perret Anne 
Published: July 2014

Le langage des adolescents se situe à la lisière du mot et de la chose, à la frange entre corps et pensée. Ces sujets rendent compte de la fonction fondatrice du langage chez l’homme et attestent de l’origine du langage et de l’accès à la fonction symbolique. C’est ce qui explique la fréquence de la clinique de l’agir à cet âge, en particulier chez les filles, adeptes d’une certaine clinique du corps : tentatives de suicide, scarifications, troubles des conduites alimentaires ... Le corps de la fille se fait porteur, par l’agir, d’une parole en abîme se frayant la voie de son expression. Il peut être également porteur d’une trace, qui marquera progressivement la césure entre le maternel et le féminin, le long d’un trajet amenant à la nomination. Il s’agirait en quelque sorte, pour la fille, de repasser par le corps maternel pour constituer son propre corps comme lieu. L’espace transférentiel offert par l’analyste peut être un tel lieu de dénouage et de construction.
Autisme et shiatsu : une autre modalité de la relation
Authors: Gusso Gabriella 
Published: July 2014

Cet article relate l’expérience que fut la mise en place d’un atelier sensoriel de shiatsu, technique de toucher d’origine orientale, auprès d’un groupe de cinq enfants âgés de 8 à 9 ans, atteints de troubles autistiques et présentant un retard développemental sévère. Il a été conduit dans un institut médico-éducatif, pendant une année scolaire. Le projet a été conçu pour répondre à des demandes précises de l’équipe éducative quant à la création d’outils sensoriels utilisables au quotidien, permettant de répondre aux problématiques suivantes : occuper les temps calmes, gérer les moments difficiles, notamment les crises émotionnelles, apporter la détente physique, apprendre aux enfants à s’apaiser de façon autonome.
Vector-Encoded Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein Promotes Maturation of Dendritic Cells with Th1 Polarization and Improved Migration
Authors: Ramachandran Mohanraj , Jin Chuan , Yu Di , Eriksson Fredrik , Essand Magnus 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor involved in H. pylori infection. Both HP-NAP protein and oncolytic viruses encoding HP-NAP have been suggested as immunotherapeutic anticancer agents and adjuvants for vaccination but with little known about its mode of action to activate adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses, and in this study we aim to evaluate the effect of HP-NAP on DC maturation, migration, and induction of adaptive immune response. Maturation markers CD83, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD40, and CCR7 were upregulated on human DCs after treatment with supernatants from HP-NAP adenovirus–infected cells. HP-NAP–activated DCs had a Th1 cytokine secretion profile, with high IL-12 and relatively low IL-10 secretion, and migrated toward CCL19. Ag-specific T cells were efficiently expanded by Ag-presenting HP-NAP–activated DCs, which is an important property of functionally mature DCs. Furthermore, intradermal injections of HP-NAP–encoding adenovirus in C57BL/6 mice enhanced resident DC migration to draining lymph nodes, which was verified by imaging lymph nodes by two-photon microscopy and by phenotyping migrating cells by flow cytometry. In conclusion, therapeutic effects of HP-NAP are mediated by maturation of DCs and subsequent activation of Ag-specific T cells in addition to provoking innate immunity.
Identification des rôles que s’attribuent les enseignants associés jumelés à des stagiaires en enseignement de l’éducation physique qui ont développé leur sentiment d’efficacité personnelle à la suite d’un stage
Authors: Monfette Olivia , Grenier Johanne 
Published: July 2014

Le stage est un moment déterminant dans le développement du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) des stagiaires et l’enseignant associé (EA) peut y jouer un rôle important. Cet article présente l’identification des rôles que s’attribuent sept EA qui ont accueilli des stagiaires dont le SEP s’est développé ou maintenu à la suite du stage. L’analyse des propos recueillis lors d’entretiens semi-dirigés permet de constater que les EA considèrent quatre dimensions primordiales soit : offrir des occasions d’autodéveloppement, échanger des idées, établir de bonnes relations avec les stagiaires et transmettre leur savoir. Les EA semblent avoir utilisés les expériences actives de maîtrise, les expériences vicariantes et la persuasion verbale comme méthodes d’accompagnement auprès de leurs stagiaires.
Reducing Rockfall Risk in Yosemite National Park
Authors: Stock Greg M. , Collins Brian D. 
Published: July 2014

Yosemite National Park preserves some of the world's most spectacular geological scenery, including icons such as Half Dome and El Capitan. The glacially sculpted granite walls of Yosemite Valley attract 4 million visitors a year, but rockfalls from these cliffs pose substantial hazards (Figure 1).
Evolution of stress and fault patterns in oblique rift systems: 3‐D numerical lithospheric‐scale experiments from rift to breakup
Authors: Brune Sascha 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRifting involves complex normal faulting that is controlled by extension direction, reactivation of prerift structures, sedimentation, and dyke dynamics. The relative impact of these factors on the observed fault pattern, however, is difficult to deduce from field‐based studies alone. This study provides insight in crustal stress patterns and fault orientations by employing a laterally homogeneous, 3‐D rift setup with constant extension velocity. The presented numerical forward experiments cover the whole spectrum of oblique extension. They are conducted using an elastoviscoplastic finite element model and involve crustal and mantle layers accounting for self‐consistent necking of the lithosphere. Despite recent advances, 3‐D numerical experiments still require relatively coarse resolution so that individual faults are poorly resolved. This issue is addressed by applying a post processing method that identifies the stress regime and preferred fault azimuth at each surface element. The simple model setup results in a surprising variety of fault orientations that are solely caused by the three‐dimensionality of oblique rift systems. Depending on rift obliquity, these orientations can be grouped in terms of rift‐parallel, extension‐orthogonal, and intermediate normal fault directions as well as strike‐slip faults. While results compare well with analog rift models of low to moderate obliquity, new insight is gained in advanced rift stages and highly oblique settings. Individual fault populations are activated in a characteristic multiphase evolution driven by lateral density variations of the evolving rift system. In natural rift systems, this pattern might be modified by additional heterogeneities, surface processes, and dyke dynamics.