bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous chloroprocaine infusion for thoracic and caudal epidurals as a postoperative analgesia modality in neonates, infants, and children
Authors: Veneziano Giorgio , Iliev Peter , Tripi Jennifer , Martin David , Aldrink Jennifer , Bhalla Tarun , Tobias Joseph 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundNeonates and infants have decreased metabolic capacity for amide local anesthetics and increased risk of local anesthetic toxicity compared to the general population. Chloroprocaine is an ester local anesthetic that has an extremely short plasma half‐life in infants as well as adults. Existing reports support the safety and efficacy of continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusions in neonates and young infants during the intraoperative period. Despite this, continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusion may be an under‐utilized method of postoperative analgesia for this patient population. In particular, it may improve pain control in neonates and infants with incisions stretching many dermatomes or those with hepatic impairment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our experience over 4 years with continuous chloroprocaine epidural infusions in neonates, infants, and children with a focus on the postoperative management of pain.ResultsTwenty‐one pediatric patients received continuous 2‐chloroprocaine epidural infusions for postoperative pain management from January 2010 to April 2014 for thoracic, abdominal, and limb procedures. The epidural infusion consisted of 1.5% chloroprocaine or 1.5% chloroprocaine with fentanyl. Tabulating the morphine and hydromorphone used for rescue analgesia, the median (interquartile range) opioid consumption (mg·kg−1·day−1 of intravenous morphine equivalents) for the first, second, and third 24‐h postoperative periods were 0.02 (0–0.48), 0.30 (0–0.44), and 0.14 (0–0.29), respectively. Examining the total fentanyl usage, the median (interquartile range) fentanyl consumption (μg·kg−1·day−1) for first, second, and third 24‐h postoperative periods were 3.89 (0.41–7.24), 0 (0.00–4.06), and 0 (0.00–0.51), respectively. The median N‐PASS score assessed every 6 h from 0 to 72 h postoperatively was 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, and 0, respectively. The median FLACC score assessed every 6 h from 0 to 72 h postoperatively was 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0, respectively.ConclusionThe results suggest that chloroprocaine offers an efficacious alternative to the amide local anesthetics for postoperative epidural analgesia in the pediatric population.
Complete bone regeneration in hemophilic pseudotumor of the mandible
Authors: Otsuka Hiroki , Ozeki Michio , Kanda Kaori , Hori Tomohiro , Kawamoto Norio , Saigo Chiemi , Kato Hiroki , Makita Hiroki , Shibata Toshiyuki , Fukao Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHemophilic pseudotumor (HP) is rare, seen in 1–2% of patients with hemophilia, and is extremely uncommon in the mandible. A 6‐year‐old boy with moderate hemophilia A presented to our hospital with left mandibular swelling. Based on clinical and radiological findings, a tentative diagnosis of HP was made. After factor VIII administration, the lesion was curetted and HP was confirmed on histopathology. The patient was treated with twice‐weekly factor VIII until the lesion had completely resolved and bone had regenerated at 1 year. The best treatment for HP is not established; however, appropriate initial treatment and postoperative prophylaxis are effective.
Optimised Experimental Characterisation of Polymeric Foam Material Using DIC and the Virtual Fields Method
Authors: Wang P. , Pierron F. , Rossi M. , Lava P. , Thomsen O. T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article presents a methodology to optimise the design of a realistic mechanical test to characterise the material elastic stiffness parameters of an orthotropic PVC foam material in one single test. Two main experimental techniques were used in this study: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the Virtual Fields Method (VFM). The actual image recording process was mimicked by numerically generating a series of deformed synthetic images. Subsequent to this, the entire measurement and data processing procedure was simulated by processing the synthetic images using DIC and VFM algorithms. This procedure was used to estimate the uncertainty of the measurements (systematic and random errors) by including the most significant parameters of actual experiments, e.g. the geometric test configuration, the parameters of the DIC process and the noise. By using these parameters as design variables and by defining different error functions as object functions, an optimisation study was performed to minimise the uncertainty of the material parameter identification and to select the optimal test parameters. The confidence intervals of the identified parameters were predicted based on systematic and random errors obtained from the simulations. The simulated experimental results have shown that averaging multiple images can lead to a significant reduction of the random error. An experimental determination of the elastic coefficient of a PVC foam material was conducted using the optimised test parameters obtained from the numerical study. The identified stiffness values matched well with data from previous tests, but even more interesting was the fact that the experimental uncertainty intervals matched reasonably well with the predictions of the simulations, which is a highly original result and probably the main outcome of the present paper.
Increasing nondonors’ intention to give blood: addressing common barriers
Authors: Balegh Saharnaz , Marcus Natania , Dubuc Sophie , Godin Gaston , France Christopher R. , Ditto Blaine 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDRecruiting new donors is a challenging experience for most blood collection agencies. A modest proportion of the population is eligible to give blood and few of these individuals volunteer. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of brief behavioral interventions on nondonors’ intention to give blood, by addressing some commonly reported obstacles.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 244 young adults who were eligible to give blood but had never done so participated in the study. They were assigned randomly to an applied tension (AT) instruction condition, a relaxation instruction condition, a Web browsing condition, or a no‐treatment control condition. After the 20‐minute experimental intervention, half watched three short injection and blood draw videos and the others sat quietly. Intention to give blood and different cognitive constructs associated with blood donation were measured using a Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire.RESULTSParticipants in all three active conditions had significantly greater increases in intention to donate blood compared to controls, although those who learned AT had greater increases than Web browsing. Bootstrapping tests of mediation indicated particular importance of increased perceived behavioral control in AT and relaxation treatment effects. Follow‐up analyses revealed a significant association between degree of within‐session increase in intention and subsequent blood clinic attendance.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that simple interventions can be effective in increasing nondonors’ intention to donate blood and, perhaps, actual attendance. The mediational analyses suggest that interventions can selectively target different barriers associated with blood donation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis 187.0, Used To Study the Effect of Drug Susceptibility Reversion by the New Medicinal Drug FS-1
Authors: Ilin Aleksandr I. , Kulmanov Murat E. , Korotetskiy Ilya S. , Akhmetova Gulshara K. , Lankina Marina V. , Shvidko Sergey V. , Reva Oleg N. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Complete genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant clinical isolate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
SCAID 187.0 containing several drug-resistance mutations is presented. This strain is used in experiments to study genomic and population changes leading to reversion of susceptibility to the 1st line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs under the influence of a new medicinal drug FS-1.
Genome Assembly of Chryseobacterium polytrichastri ERMR1:04, a Psychrotolerant Bacterium with Cold Active Proteases, Isolated from East Rathong Glacier in India
Authors: Kumar Rakshak , Singh Dharam , Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Singh Anil Kumar , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWe report here the genome assembly of a psychrotolerant bacterium,Chryseobacterium polytrichastriERMR1:04, which secretes cold-active proteases. The bacterium was isolated from a pristine location, the East Rathong Glacier in the Sikkim Himalaya. The 5.53-Mb genome provides insight into the cold-active industrial enzyme and adaptation in the cold environment.
Silica Gel for Enhanced Activity and Hypochlorite Protection of Cyanuric Acid Hydrolase in Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Radian Adi , Aukema Kelly G. , Aksan Alptekin , Wackett Lawrence P. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Chlorinated isocyanuric acids are widely used water disinfectants that generate hypochlorite, but with repeated application, they build up cyanuric acid (CYA) that must be removed to maintain disinfection. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-treated
Escherichia coli
cells expressing cyanuric acid hydrolase (CAH) from
Moorella thermoacetica
exhibited significantly high CYA degradation rates and provided protection against enzyme inactivation by hypochlorite (chlorine). APTES coating or encapsulation of cells had two benefits: (i) overcoming diffusion limitations imposed by the cell wall and (ii) protecting against hypochlorite inactivation of CAH activity. Cells encapsulated in APTES gels degraded CYA three times faster than nonfunctionalized tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) gels, and cells coated with APTES degraded CYA at a rate of 29 µmol/min per mg of CAH protein, similar to the rate with purified enzyme. UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the higher rates were due to APTES increasing membrane permeability and enhancing cyanuric acid diffusion into the cytoplasm to reach the CAH enzyme. Purified CAH enzyme was shown to be rapidly inactivated by hypochlorite. APTES aggregates surrounding cells protected via the amine groups reacting with hypochlorite as shown by pH changes, zeta potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopy. APTES-encapsulated
E. coli
cells expressing CAH degraded cyanuric acid at high rates in the presence of 1 to 10 ppm hypochlorite, showing effectiveness under swimming pool conditions. In contrast, CAH activity in TEOS gels or free cells was completely inactivated by hypochlorite. These studies show that commercially available silica materials can selectively enhance, protect, and immobilize whole-cell biocatalysts for specialized applications.

IMPORTANCE
Hypochlorite is used in vast quantities for water disinfection, killing bacteria on surfaces, and washing and whitening. In pools, spas, and other waters, hypochlorite is frequently delivered as chlorinated isocyanuric acids that release hypochlorite and cyanuric acid. Over time, cyanuric acid accumulates and impairs disinfection and must be removed. The microbial enzyme cyanuric acid hydrolase can potentially remove cyanuric acid to restore disinfection and protect swimmers. Whole bacterial cells expressing cyanuric acid hydrolase were encapsulated in an inert silica matrix containing an amine group. The amine group serves to permeabilize the cell membrane and accelerate cyanuric acid degradation, and it also reacts with hypochlorite to protect against inactivation of cyanuric acid hydrolase. Methods for promoting whole-cell biocatalysis are important in biotechnology, and the present work illustrates approaches to enhance rates and protect against an inhibitory substance.
Identifying patient safety problems associated with information technology in general practice: an analysis of incident reports
Authors: Magrabi Farah , Liaw Siaw Teng , Arachi Diana , Runciman William , Coiera Enrico , Kidd Michael R 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo identify the categories of problems with information technology (IT), which affect patient safety in general practice.DesignGeneral practitioners (GPs) reported incidents online or by telephone between May 2012 and November 2013. Incidents were reviewed against an existing classification for problems associated with IT and the clinical process impacted.Participants and setting87 GPs across Australia.Main outcome measureTypes of problems, consequences and clinical processes.ResultsGPs reported 90 incidents involving IT which had an observable impact on the delivery of care, including actual patient harm as well as near miss events. Practice systems and medications were the most affected clinical processes. Problems with IT disrupted clinical workflow, wasted time and caused frustration. Issues with user interfaces, routine updates to software packages and drug databases, and the migration of records from one package to another generated clinical errors that were unique to IT; some could affect many patients at once. Human factors issues gave rise to some errors that have always existed with paper records but are more likely to occur and cause harm with IT. Such errors were linked to slips in concentration, multitasking, distractions and interruptions. Problems with patient identification and hybrid records generated errors that were in principle no different to paper records.ConclusionsProblems associated with IT include perennial risks with paper records, but additional disruptions in workflow and hazards for patients unique to IT, occasionally affecting multiple patients. Surveillance for such hazards may have general utility, but particularly in the context of migrating historical records to new systems and software updates to existing systems.
The one that got away from Smith Woodward: cranial anatomy of
Micrornatus
(Acanthomorpha: Scombridae) revealed using computed microtomography
Authors: Beckett Hermione T. , Friedman Matt 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

The monotypic scombrid fish
Micrornatus
is represented by a single skull from the early Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation of southeastern England. Although Arthur Smith Woodward substantially increased the diversity of scombrids and scombrid-like taxa known from this deposit, he seems not to have studied the fossil that would later be recognized as
Micrornatus
. Here we re-examine this specimen using computed microtomography, with two principal aims: first, a revised anatomical account with an emphasis on concealed features; and, second, ‘proof-of-concept’ for the tomographic study of fish crania from the London Clay. Scans reveal new details of the braincase, suspensorium and ventral hyoid arch. We compare the cranial anatomy of
Micrornatus
with other members of Eocoelopomini, a group also containing the genera
Eocoelopoma
,
Palaeothunnus
and possibly
Landanichthys
. Clarification of the taxonomy and phylogeny of early fossil scombrids is needed, and we suggest that computed tomography will be a useful tool for revealing the anatomical evidence needed to accomplish this goal.

Supplementary material:

Micrornatus hopwoodi
NHMUK PV OR 36136 PLY files are available at:
http://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1561381
Persistence of Bronchial Dysplasia Is Associated with Development of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Merrick Daniel T. , Gao Dexiang , Miller York E. , Keith Robert L. , Baron Anna E. , Feser William , Kennedy Timothy C. , Blatchford Patrick J. , Braudrick Sarah , Hirsch Fred R. , Heasley Lynn , Bunn Paul A. , Franklin Wilbur A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBronchial dysplasia (BD), a presumed precursor of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), rarely progresses to invasive cancer. A high-risk cohort at the University of Colorado provided an opportunity to directly sample airway epithelium at mapped sites on successive bronchoscopies. We have hypothesized that persistent dysplastic lesions showing a similar or higher level of dysplasia on follow-up biopsy, are associated with increased risk for the development of SCC. Endoscopic biopsies from 188 high-risk subjects were histologically classified according to the current WHO classification for BD using a numeric histology score ranging from 1 to 8 representing normal bronchial mucosa through invasive lung cancer. Differences in follow-up histology scores were compared between sites classified by clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical variables. Subjects with a higher frequency of sites that persist or progress to high-grade dysplasia (≥37.5% persist/progress, N = 35 versus &lt;37.5% persist/progress, N = 114) show a significant association with development of incident invasive SCC (adjusted HR, 7.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–39.39), and those with incident lung SCC have adjusted mean follow-up histology scores 1.55 U higher than in subjects without lung cancer. Current smoking, elevated Ki67 growth fraction, histologic features of angiogenic squamous dysplasia (ASD) and higher histology score in baseline biopsies are significantly associated with increased follow-up histology scores. These results show that persistent BD is associated with the development of invasive SCC. Furthermore, increased expression of Ki67, the presence of angiogenic change and degree of baseline atypia are associated with persistence of BD. Cancer Prev Res; 9(1); 96–104. ©2015 AACR.
NG2 Proteoglycan Ablation Reduces Foam Cell Formation and Atherogenesis via Decreased Low-Density Lipoprotein Retention by Synthetic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: She Zhi-Gang , Chang Yunchao , Pang Hong-Bo , Han Wenlong , Chen Hou-Zao , Smith Jeffrey W. , Stallcup William B. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives—
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are critical risk factors for atherosclerosis. Because ablation of NG2 proteoglycan in mice leads to hyperlipidemia and obesity, we investigated the impact of NG2 ablation on atherosclerosis in apoE null mice.

Approach and Results—
Immunostaining indicates that NG2 expression in plaque, primarily by synthetic smooth muscle cells, increases during atherogenesis. NG2 ablation unexpectedly results in decreased (30%) plaque development, despite aggravated obesity and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistic studies reveal that NG2-positive plaque synthetic smooth muscle cells in culture can sequester low-density lipoprotein to enhance foam-cell formation, processes in which NG2 itself plays direct roles. In agreement with these observations, low-density lipoprotein retention and lipid accumulation in the NG2/ApoE knockout aorta is 30% less than that seen in the control aorta.

Conclusions—
These results indicate that synthetic smooth muscle cell–dependent low-density lipoprotein retention and foam cell formation outweigh obesity and hyperlipidemia in promoting mouse atherogenesis. Our study sheds new light on the role of synthetic smooth muscle cells during atherogenesis. Blocking plaque NG2 or altering synthetic smooth muscle cells function may be promising therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
Association Between Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ogura Masatsune , Hori Mika , Harada-Shiba Mariko 
Published: November 2015

Objective—
Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at high risk for premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), especially because of long-term exposure to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It has been reported that low-density lipoprotein–lowering therapy delays the onset of ASCVD. However, it still remains difficult to prevent it. Therefore, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are necessary to evaluate and prevent atherosclerosis in FH. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of cholesterol efflux capacity with the presence of ASCVD and clinical features in patients with heterozygous FH.

Approach and Results—

We measured cholesterol efflux capacity in 227 patients with heterozygous FH under pharmaceutical treatment. Seventy-six (33.5%) of them were known to have ASCVD. In a logistic-regression analysis adjusted for risk factors, increased efflux capacity was associated with decreased risk of ASCVD even after the addition of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a covariate (odds ratio per 1-SD increase, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–0.99;
P
<0.05). Decreased cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with the presence of corneal arcus after adjusting for age and sex. In addition, inverse relationships between cholesterol efflux capacity and Achilles tendon thickness, as well as carotid intima-media thickness, were observed after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions—
Cholesterol efflux capacity was independently and inversely associated with the presence of ASCVD in heterozygous FH. In view of residual risks after treatment with statins, cholesterol efflux capacity might be a novel biomarker and a therapeutic target for preventing atherosclerosis in patients with FH.
The Transient and Equilibrium Climate Response to Rapid Summertime Sea Ice Loss in CCSM4
Authors: Blackport Russell , Kushner Paul J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The impact that disappearing Arctic sea ice will have on the atmospheric circulation and weather variability remains uncertain. In this study, results are presented from a sea ice perturbation experiment using the coupled Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). By decreasing the albedo of the sea ice, the impact of an ice-free summertime Arctic on the coupled ocean–atmosphere system is isolated in an idealized but energetically self-consistent way. The multicentury equilibrium response is examined, as well as the transient response in an initial condition ensemble. The perturbation drives pronounced year-round sea ice thinning, Arctic warming, Arctic amplification, and moderate global warming. Even in the almost complete absence of summertime sea ice, the atmospheric general circulation response is very weak and the transient response is small compared to the internal variability. Surface temperature variability is reduced on all time scales over most of the middle and high latitudes with a 50% reduction in the standard deviation of temperature over the Arctic Ocean. The reduction is attributed to decreased temperature gradients and increased maritime influence once the sea ice melts. This reduced variability extends weakly into the variability of the midlatitude and free tropospheric geopotential height (less than 10% reduction in the standard deviation). Consistently, eddy geopotential height variability is found to decrease while geopotential isopleth meandering, which reflects Arctic amplified warming, increases moderately. The sign of these changes is consistent with recent observations, but the size of these changes is relatively small.