bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of interaction between at‐risk infants and caregiver at 12–15 months is associated with 3‐year autism outcome
Authors: Wan Ming Wai , Green Jonathan , Elsabbagh Mayada , Johnson Mark , Charman Tony , Plummer Faye ,   the BASIS Team
Published: December 2012

Background:  Recent models of the early emergence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) propose that infant intrinsic risk susceptibilities in behaviour may be amplified by interaction within the early social environment into an increasingly atypical developmental trajectory. This study examines whether 6‐ and 12‐month parent–infant interactions in at‐risk siblings differ from those with low‐risk and whether – in at‐risk siblings – such interactions predict later 3‐year classification of ASD or no ASD.Method:  Within the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS), 6‐min videotaped episodes of parent–infant free play in infants at 6–10 months (45 at‐risk siblings and 47 low‐risk siblings) and 12–15 months (43 at‐risk siblings and 48 low‐risk siblings) in a laboratory setting were rated on the Manchester Assessment of Caregiver‐Infant Interaction (MACI), blind to participant information. Standard tests were administered for concurrent behavioural signs of ASD features and developmental level. Systematic consensus diagnostic classification of ASD was made at 3 years for the at‐risk siblings.Results:  Parent nondirectiveness and sensitive responsiveness differed in relation to ASD/risk status (at‐risk ASD, at‐risk no‐ASD and low‐risk) at both 6 and 12 months. At 6 months, infant liveliness was lower in the at‐risk groups; at 12 months, infant attentiveness to parent and positive affect were lower in the at‐risk group later diagnosed with ASD. Dyadic mutuality and intensity of engagement showed a group effect at 12 months. Dyadic mutuality, infant positive affect and infant attentiveness to parent at 12 months (but not 6 months) predicted 3‐year ASD outcome, whereas infant ASD‐related behavioural atypicality did not.Conclusions:  This is the first prospective evidence that early dyadic interaction between at‐risk infants and their parents is associated with later diagnostic outcome in ASD. Possible explanations for these findings and their theoretical implications are considered.
Combined examination of glyceryl trinitrate‐mediated vascular dilation with flow‐mediated vascular dilation is essential for assessment of vascular function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Furuta Machi , Ueyama Minoru , Morita Shuhei , Yamana Akiko , Sanke Tokio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn order to characterize the impaired vascular function in type 2 diabetes (DM) patients, we evaluated the flow‐mediated vascular dilation (FMD) with glyceryl trinitrate‐mediated vascular dilation (NMD) using ultrasonography.Materials and MethodsA total of 111 DM patients and 42 healthy control participants were studied. The maximal dilatation of FMD and NMD (%FMD and %NMD, respectively), the beginning time (T) of dilatation after stimulation and the velocity (V) of the vascular dilatation were also measured.ResultsAmong DM patients, 49% had impaired %NMD, which affects the results of %FMD. In DM patients with normal %NMD, the %FMD was also significantly lower than that in control participants, although the T and the V were not impaired. In contrast, both the T and the V were disturbed in the DM patients with low %NMD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that %NMD was independently correlated with albuminuria. Our results indicate that the impaired FMD in DM is be affected by low NMD, and impaired endothelial function already exists even in DM patients whose vascular smooth muscle function is still retained, and also albuminuria is the clinical feature of DM with low %NMD.ConclusionsExamination of NMD, not only FMD, should be carried out as it offers the possibility of clarifying vascular function in DM patients.
Hydrological analysis for water level projections in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Liu L. , Xu Z.X. , Reynard N.S. , Hu C.W. , Jones R.G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChanges in precipitation can be expected to have a major influence on the frequency and severity of flooding in the Taihu Basin. As part of an integrated assessment of flood risk in the Taihu Basin, this paper addresses the hydrological conditions and the potential impacts of climate change on Taihu Lake water levels. The hydrological system is simulated by using the distributed hydrological model VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity), with future climate scenarios generated by the regional climate model PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies). The results indicate that maximum and mean flood water levels under the A2 and B2 scenarios for 2021–2050 will be higher than the levels during the baseline period (1961–1990), with larger increases under the B2 scenario than for the A2 scenario. The storm return periods leading to extreme water levels in the Taihu Lake in the future is projected to decrease significantly in comparison to the baseline period, implying the potential for the more frequent occurrence of major floods. These results indicate the importance of planning for future flood control in the Taihu Basin.
A comparative evaluation of flood mitigation alternatives using GIS‐based river hydraulics modelling and multicriteria decision analysis
Authors: Ghanbarpour M.R. , Salimi S. , Hipel K.W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA multicriteria framework is developed for the selection of optimal flood mitigation and river training measures in a selected reach of Zaremroud River in Northern Iran. A river model, Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System, combined with geographic information system analysis is used to simulate water levels for steady, gradually varied flow and mapping inundated flood extents. The modelling is performed for four different alternatives, considering various channel modifications with different dimensions and levee construction. Flood inundation area, flood level, flow velocity and stream power on the downstream and outside of the river bend are used as decision criteria for each alternative. Economic analysis is conducted to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of each alternative. The decision analysis method, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, is used to compare different flood hazard mitigation measures based on risk, and environmental and economic impacts criteria. The findings of the analysis are that a levee construction at the right side of the river bank adjacent to the residential area is superior to the other three alternatives, which is confirmed using a scenario analysis of different flood mitigation measures.
Pharmacological analysis of the cortical neuronal cytoskeletal protective efficacy of the calpain inhibitor SNJ‐1945 in a mouse traumatic brain injury model
Authors: Bains Mona , Cebak John E. , Gilmer Lesley K. , Barnes Colleen C. , Thompson Stephanie N. , Geddes James W. , Hall Edward D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe efficacy of the amphipathic ketoamide calpain inhibitor SNJ‐1945 in attenuating calpain‐mediated degradation of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein α‐spectrin was examined in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in male CF‐1 mice. Using a single early (15 min after CCI‐TBI) i.p. bolus administration of SNJ‐1945 (6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50‐mg/kg), we identified the most effective dose on α‐spectrin degradation in the cortical tissue of mice at its 24 h peak after severe CCI‐TBI. We then investigated the effects of a pharmacokinetically optimized regimen by examining multiple treatment paradigms that varied in dose and duration of treatment. Finally, using the most effective treatment regimen, the therapeutic window of α‐spectrin degradation attenuation was assessed by delaying treatment from 15 min to 1 or 3 h post‐injury. The effect of SNJ‐1945 on α‐spectrin degradation exhibited a U‐shaped dose–response curve when treatment was initiated 15 min post‐TBI. The most effective 12.5 mg/kg dose of SNJ‐1945 significantly reduced α‐spectrin degradation by ~60% in cortical tissue. Repeated dosing of SNJ‐1945 beginning with a 12.5 mg/kg dose did not achieve a more robust effect compared with a single bolus treatment, and the required treatment initiation was less than 1 h. Although calpain has been firmly established to play a major role in post‐traumatic secondary neurodegeneration, these data suggest that even brain and cell‐permeable calpain inhibitors, when administered alone, do not show sufficient cytoskeletal protective efficacy or a practical therapeutic window in a mouse model of severe TBI. Such conclusions need to be verified in the human clinical situation.
Nineteenth Century Wood Engravers at Work: Mass Production of Illustrated Periodicals (1840–1880)
Authors: Martin Michèle 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper traces the labour processes and working conditions of wood engravers in France and England during the 19th century as the process of production of the illustrated periodicals became increasingly industrialized. It argues that the bulk of 19th century wood engravers should be considered as one of the first classes of proletarians in the mass media industry. The paper first looks at the general socio‐economic conditions from which 19th century wood engravers emerged as proletarians. Second, it examines wood engraving workshops, wood engravers' working conditions, their training and type of production. Lastly, it discusses the hierarchical relations between editors‐publishers and wood engravers, the wood engravers economic conditions, their socio‐cultural attitudes towards their work and the control exercised on them in the labour process. With the industrialization of the production of illustrated periodicals, wood engravers formed a class of waged workers who owned no means of production, had little autonomy or creativity in their work and sold their labour power to fabricate illustrations. Workshops operated as factories, training apprentices to mechanically reproduce fragmented segments of illustrations in an assembly‐line type of labour and based on a rigid hierarchy in which engraver‐apprentices were at the bottom.
Promiscuous Intimacies: Rethinking the History of American Casual Sex
Authors: Reay Barry 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCasual sex has become a cultural commonplace since it was named in the 1960s and later became associated with the US college sex phenomenon of “hooking up”. However, contemporary accounts of this sexual practice are curiously lacking in historical perspective. This article explores this modern history, both before and after uncommitted, non‐romantic, sexual encounters – sex for sex's sake – were named as casual sex. It agues that studies that contrast the increased “sexual possibilities” of hookup sex to the assumed restrictive practices of an earlier era distort both the restrictions of the earlier period and the freedoms of the latter.
Hepatitis E: source and route of infection, clinical manifestations and new developments
Authors: Scobie L. , Dalton H. R. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryHepatitis E was previously thought to be a disease of developing countries causing significant morbidity and mortality in young adults, particularly among pregnant women and patients with pre‐existing chronic liver disease. Recent studies have shown that hepatitis E is also an issue in developed countries. In this setting, hepatitis E is a zoonotic infection and causes acute infection mainly in middle‐aged and elderly men; and chronic infection in the immunosuppressed. The scope and burden of disease are still emerging. The diagnosis of hepatitis E should be considered in any patient with hepatitis, irrespective of their age or travel history.
A new three‐dimensional analysis of asymmetry for patients with craniofacial syndromes
Authors: Yáñez‐Vico R‐M , Iglesias‐Linares A , Torres‐Lagares D , Gutiérrez‐Pérez J‐L , Solano‐Reina E 
Published: December 2012

ObjecivesThe use of three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) analyses represents a substantial improvement in planning treatment. The aim of this study is to introduce a new three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of clinical value for evaluating asymmetry in cases of craniofacial syndrome.Subjects and methodsVirtual 3D models were reconstructed from CT images of 62 normal subjects (35 males and 27 females), more than 18 years old. Measurements of asymmetrical skeletal and dentoalveolar relationships were evaluated and standardized data obtained. The feasibility of the new 3D craniofacial analysis was then evaluated on one patient with severe maxillomandibular asymmetry in the form of hemifacial microsomia.ResultsStandardized 3D data from the analysis were obtained and classified into 6 maxillary measurements, eight mandibular measurements and seven dentoalveolar process measurements. No significant differences were found between males and females (U‐Mann–Whitney test, P > 0.05). Useful data of clinical value was provided for planning orthodontic and surgical treatment of asymmetries, as well as a diagnostic chart.ConclusionThis method is useful for the clinical evaluation of asymmetry in craniofacial syndromes. The use of 3D analysis facilitates surgical and orthodontic treatment planning.
Down‐regulation of CBP80 gene expression as a strategy to engineer a drought‐tolerant potato
Authors: Pieczynski Marcin , Marczewski Waldemar , Hennig Jacek , Dolata Jakub , Bielewicz Dawid , Piontek Paulina , Wyrzykowska Anna , Krusiewicz Dominika , Strzelczyk‐Zyta Danuta , Konopka‐Postupolska Dorota , Krzeslowska Magdalena , Jarmolowski Artur , Szweykowska‐Kulinska Zofia 
Published: December 2012

SummaryDeveloping new strategies for crop plants to respond to drought is crucial for their innovative breeding. The down‐regulation of nuclear cap‐binding proteins in Arabidopsis renders plants drought tolerant. The CBP80 gene in the potato cultivar Desiree was silenced using artificial microRNAs. Transgenic plants displayed a higher tolerance to drought, ABA‐hypersensitive stomatal closing, an increase in leaf stomata and trichome density, and compact cuticle structures with a lower number of microchannels. These findings were correlated with a higher tolerance to water stress. The level of miR159 was decreased, and the levels of its target mRNAs MYB33 and MYB101 increased in the transgenic plants subjected to drought. Similar trends were observed in an Arabidopsis cbp80 mutant. The evolutionary conservation of CBP80, a gene that plays a role in the response to drought, suggests that it is a candidate for genetic manipulations that aim to obtain improved water‐deficit tolerance of crop plants.
Political Representation and Imagined Community: The Case of Luxembourg
Authors: Dormal Michel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDiscussions of nation‐building often focus on political elites, who are considered the makers of new communities. This article seeks to sketch out a different approach. It suggests thinking of representative relations as the site of a negotiation of collective identity. Drawing on recent discussions in political theory, the first part of the article discusses conceptual implications of this assumption, arguing that representation should be analysed in terms of its symbolic structure. The second part offers a historical case study of the Grand‐Duchy of Luxembourg. It explores how processes of political democratisation and imagination of national community were deeply interconnected in the period from 1890 to 1939. The article illustrates how the representative politisation of social conflict may trigger nation‐building.
Auto‐Ironic Dissidence: Imagined Exile, Histories, and Communities in 1970s English Canada and Romania
Authors: Manole Diana 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article analyses and compares the treatment of history in two dramatic re‐enactments: the English Canadian 1837: The Farmers' Revolt, a collective creation of Theatre Passe Muraille with Rick Salutin as dramaturge, and the Romanian A Cold, by Marin Sorescu. Both plays re‐enact past events as a form of anti‐colonial and respectively anti‐communist resistance and as a way to enable imagined exile, but their dramaturgical strategies and substance are necessarily different as each deals with a specific order of history.
Two Nigerian Ethnonationalist Movements: A Comparison of the OPC and MASSOB
Authors: Duruji Moses Metumara 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe proliferation of ethnic militia organisations in Nigeria raises questions about the factors responsible for the development. Although reasons adduced from the rhetoric of these organisations point to the politics of exclusion and marginalisation in Nigeria, this form of ethnicity is a new phenomenon. The growth of these militant formations pervading the length and breadth of the country is attributable to the nature and character of the Nigerian state. Perceptions of marginalisation in the distribution of power and resources, and the repressive tactics of the state to sub‐national dissent, have encouraged their growth. The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) and the Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC) are prominent ethnic militia groups that draw membership from major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria. Rivalry and hegemonic competition for the control of the state among the major ethnic groups led to a civil war in the late 1960s, but wartime experiences were not harnessed for a nation‐building project. The result was the systematic perversion of the state, which has resulted in throwing up new forms of ethnicity in Nigeria as reflected in the emergence of these organisations.
Extending Social Theory to Farm Animals: Addressing Alienation in the Dairy Sector
Authors: Stuart Diana , Schewe Rebecca L. , Gunderson Ryan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe extend social theory to farm animals in an attempt to illustrate how non‐human animals embedded in social systems can be examined using sociological concepts. Inspired by efforts to include the freedom to express natural behaviour in farm animal welfare standards, we apply Marx's conception of alienation to dairy cows. We first examine industrial dairy farm conditions and find that these systems result in the distortion of life and the suppression of physical and social needs. We then explore alienation in an alternative production system where cows graze on pasture and choose when to be milked by robotic milking machines. Based on farm visits and interviews with farmers, we find that this alternative system addresses several aspects of alienation found in industrial dairy farms. However, despite the benefits associated with alternative production systems, forms of alienation will persist in all systems where maximising profits remains prioritised over life and wellbeing.
Ground‐based InSAR reveals conduit pressurization pulses at Stromboli volcano
Authors: Di Traglia Federico , Del Ventisette Chiara , Rosi Mauro , Mugnai Francesco , Intrieri Emanuele , Moretti Sandro , Casagli Nicola 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAt Stromboli volcano (Southern Italy), only few minor precursors (gas output) have been identified for ‘major’ Strombolian explosions. We use ground‐based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GBInSAR) technology to monitor the displacement rate of the summit area of Stromboli. We analysed the 2009–2011 period. The analysis of the displacement rate has been performed by dividing the summit zone monitored by the GBInSAR into three regions, corresponding to the edge of the crater area (1 and 2), and to the slope of the NE crater (3). Pulses of rapid expansion of sector 3, of variable duration and amplitude, appear in coincidence with periods of intense activity that include lava flows and major explosions. We associate this expansion with the pressurization of the magma column that is recharged by deep‐derived gas, promoting the onset of ‘major explosion‐dominated’ activity.
Avoiding room temperature storage and delayed cryopreservation provide better postthaw potency in hematopoietic progenitor cell grafts
Authors: Fry Laura Jayne , Giner Sergio Querol , Gomez Susana G. , Green Melanie , Anderson Sally , Horder Jackie , McArdle Stephanie , Rees Robert , Madrigal Jose Alejandro 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundConditions for maintaining hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) before cryopreservation remain controversial. An understanding of the impact of time and temperature during nonfrozen storage can contribute to the maintenance of the quality of products, improving transplantation outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the influence on cell potency of thawed products from three sources of HPCs after prolonged storage at different temperatures before cryopreservation.Study Design and MethodsViable cell counts by flow cytometry and colony‐forming unit (CFU) recoveries were assessed on cord blood (CB), mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC), and bone marrow (BM) samples over 72 hours using two different storage conditions, refrigerated (4‐8°C) or room temperature (19‐22°C). To determine the effects of delayed freezing on progenitor recoveries, paired samples were evaluated before and after cryopreservation.ResultsAll samples maintained at refrigerated temperatures resulted in higher recoveries than those at room temperature in all variables assessed. Specifically, when assessing for CFU yields after thawing, the impact of time on BM resulted in a significant loss as soon as 24 hours (n = 10, 36.4 ± 28.0%, p = 0.003). This decrease was also observed for PBSCs and CB but at 48 hours of fresh storage (PBSCs n = 11, 32.7 ± 26.2%, p = 0.006; CB n = 10, 39.6 ± 26.4%, p = 0.001).ConclusionOur data suggest that HPC products are better maintained at refrigerated temperatures before cryopreservation. Delaying cryopreservation should be minimized to avoid significant losses in cell potency.
Red blood cell–derived microparticles isolated from blood units initiate and propagate thrombin generation
Authors: Rubin Olivier , Delobel Julien , Prudent Michel , Lion Niels , Kohl Kid , Tucker Erik I. , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Angelillo‐Scherrer Anne 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundRed blood cell–derived microparticles (RMPs) are small phospholipid vesicles shed from RBCs in blood units, where they accumulate during storage. Because microparticles are bioactive, it could be suggested that RMPs are mediators of posttransfusion complications or, on the contrary, constitute a potential hemostatic agent.Study Design and MethodsThis study was performed to establish the impact on coagulation of RMPs isolated from blood units. Using calibrated automated thrombography, we investigated whether RMPs affect thrombin generation (TG) in plasma.ResultsWe found that RMPs were not only able to increase TG in plasma in the presence of a low exogenous tissue factor (TF) concentration, but also to initiate TG in plasma in absence of exogenous TF. TG induced by RMPs in the absence of exogenous TF was neither affected by the presence of blocking anti‐TF nor by the absence of Factor (F)VII. It was significantly reduced in plasma deficient in FVIII or F IX and abolished in FII‐, FV‐, FX‐, or FXI‐deficient plasma. TG was also totally abolished when anti‐XI 01A6 was added in the sample. Finally, neither Western blotting, flow cytometry, nor immunogold labeling allowed the detection of traces of TF antigen. In addition, RMPs did not comprise polyphosphate, an important modulator of coagulation.ConclusionsTaken together, our data show that RMPs have FXI‐dependent procoagulant properties and are able to initiate and propagate TG. The anionic surface of RMPs might be the site of FXI‐mediated TG amplification and intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complex assembly.