bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A medium‐scale assay for enhancer validation in amniotes
Authors: Chen Jingchen , Streit Andrea 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundEnhancers are key elements to control gene expression in time and space and thus orchestrate gene function during development, homeostasis, and disease. Whole genome approaches and bioinformatic predictions have generated a tremendous pool of potential enhancers, however their spatiotemporal activity often remains to be validated in vivo. Despite recent progress in developing high throughput strategies for enhancer evaluation, these remain mainly restricted to invertebrates and in vitro cell culture.ResultsHere we design a medium‐scale method to validate potential enhancers in an amniote embryo, the chick. Using a unique barcode for different reporter vectors allows us to detect the activity of nine separate enhancers in a single embryo by one‐step RT‐PCR. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to expand its capacity further by generating additional barcoded vectors.ConclusionsAs a rapid, sensitive, and cost‐effective way to assess enhancer activity in an amniote vertebrate, this method provides a major advance and a useful alternative to the generation of transgenic animals. Developmental Dynamics 244:1291–1299, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists
Betaglycan knock‐down causes embryonic angiogenesis defects in zebrafish
Authors: Kamaid Andrés , Molina‐Villa Tonatiuh , Mendoza Valentín , Pujades Cristina , Maldonado Ernesto , Ispizua Belmonte Juan Carlos , López‐Casillas Fernando 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAngiogenesis is an essential requirement for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Its deregulation is a key feature of numerous pathologies and many studies have shown that members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) family of proteins play important roles in angiogenesis during development and disease. Betaglycan (BG), also known as TGF‐β receptor type III, is a TGF‐β coreceptor essential for mice embryonic development but its role in angiogenesis has not been described. We have cloned the cDNA encoding zebrafish BG, a TGF‐β‐binding membrane proteoglycan that showed a dynamic expression pattern in zebrafish embryos, including the notochord and cells adjacent to developing vessels. Injection of antisense morpholinos decreased BG protein levels and morphant embryos exhibited impaired angiogenesis that was rescued by coinjection with rat BG mRNA. In vivo time‐lapse microscopy revealed that BG deficiency differentially affected arterial and venous angiogenesis: morphants showed impaired pathfinding of intersegmental vessels migrating from dorsal aorta, while endothelial cells originating from the caudal vein displayed sprouting and migration defects. Our results reveal a new role for BG during embryonic angiogenesis in zebrafish, which has not been described in mammals and pose interesting questions about the molecular machinery regulating angiogenesis in different vertebrates. genesis 53:583–603, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetracycline‐exposed Drosophila melanogaster males produce fewer offspring but a relative excess of sons
Authors: O'Shea Kaitlyn L. , Singh Nadia D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA large diversity of species possesses endosymbionts; these endosymbionts can exhibit mutualistic, parasitic, and commensal relationships with their hosts. Previous work has consistently revealed that depleting endosymbiont titer with antibiotic treatment can significantly alter host fitness and function, particularly with respect to reproductive phenotypes. Although these findings are often interpreted as resulting from the breakdown of highly coevolved symbioses, it is possible that antibiotic treatment itself rather than endosymbiont removal contributes to the observed perturbations in reproductive phenotypes. Here, we investigate the effect of tetracycline treatment on sex ratio and male reproductive fitness using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Our results indicate that tetracycline‐treated males produce a relative excess of sons. We also find that tetracycline treatment reduces the number of progeny produced by treated males but not treated females. These findings are independent of the effects of tetracycline on Wolbachia titer and implicate the antibiotic itself as mediating these changes. It is yet unclear whether the sex ratio shift and reduction in male reproductive fitness are direct or indirect consequences of tetracycline exposure, and more work is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which these disturbances in reproductive phenotypes arise. Our data highlight the importance of considering the potentially confounding effects of antibiotic treatment when investigating the effects of endosymbiont depletion on host phenotypes.
Historical comparisons reveal multiple drivers of decadal change of an ecosystem engineer at the range edge
Authors: Firth Louise B. , Mieszkowska Nova , Grant Lisa M. , Bush Laura E. , Davies Andrew J. , Frost Matthew T. , Moschella Paula S. , Burrows Michael T. , Cunningham Paul N. , Dye Stephen R. , Hawkins Stephen J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiogenic reefs are important for habitat provision and coastal protection. Long‐term datasets on the distribution and abundance of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) are available from Britain. The aim of this study was to combine historical records and contemporary data to (1) describe spatiotemporal variation in winter temperatures, (2) document short‐term and long‐term changes in the distribution and abundance of S. alveolata and discuss these changes in relation to extreme weather events and recent warming, and (3) assess the potential for artificial coastal defense structures to function as habitat for S. alveolata. A semi‐quantitative abundance scale (ACFOR) was used to compare broadscale, long‐term and interannual abundance of S. alveolata near its range edge in NW Britain. S. alveolata disappeared from the North Wales and Wirral coastlines where it had been abundant prior to the cold winter of 1962/1963. Population declines were also observed following the recent cold winters of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Extensive surveys in 2004 and 2012 revealed that S. alveolata had recolonized locations from which it had previously disappeared. Furthermore, it had increased in abundance at many locations, possibly in response to recent warming. S. alveolata was recorded on the majority of artificial coastal defense structures surveyed, suggesting that the proliferation of artificial coastal defense structures along this stretch of coastline may have enabled S. alveolata to spread across stretches of unsuitable natural habitat. Long‐term and broadscale contextual monitoring is essential for monitoring responses of organisms to climate change. Historical data and gray literature can be invaluable sources of information. Our results support the theory that Lusitanian species are responding positively to climate warming but also that short‐term extreme weather events can have potentially devastating widespread and lasting effects on organisms. Furthermore, the proliferation of coastal defense structures has implications for phylogeography, population genetics, and connectivity of coastal populations.
Local habitat conditions explain the variation in the strength of self‐thinning in a stream salmonid
Authors: Myrvold Knut Marius , Kennedy Brian P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSelf‐thinning patterns are frequently used to describe density dependence in populations on timescales shorter than the organism's life span and have been used to infer carrying capacity of the environment. Among mobile animals, this concept has been used to document density dependence in stream salmonids, which compete over access to food and space. The carrying capacity, growth conditions, and initial cohort sizes often vary between streams and stream sections, which would influence the onset and strength of the density dependence. Despite much effort in describing habitat relationships in stream fishes, few studies have explicitly tested how the physical environment affects the slope of the thinning curves. Here, we investigate the prevalence and strength of self‐thinning in juvenile stages of a steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population in Idaho, USA. Further, we investigate the roles of local physical habitat and metabolic constraints in explaining the variation in thinning curves among study sites in the watershed. Only yearling steelhead exhibited an overall significant thinning trend, but the slope of the mass–density relationship (−0.53) was shallower than predicted by theory and reported from empirical studies. There was no detectable relationship in subyearling steelhead. Certain abiotic factors explained a relatively large portion of the variation in the strength of the self‐thinning among the study reaches. For subyearling steelhead, the slopes were negatively associated with the average water depth and flow velocity in the study sites, whereas slopes in yearlings were steeper in sites that incurred a higher metabolic cost. Our results show that the prevalence and strength of density dependence in natural fish populations can vary across heterogeneous watersheds and can be more pronounced during certain stages of a species' life history, and that environmental factors can mediate the extent to which density dependence is manifested in predictable ways.
T cells compete by cleaving cell surface CD27 and blocking access to CD70‐bearing APCs
Authors: Burchill Matthew A. , Tamburini Beth A. , Kedl Ross M. 
Published: July 2015

T cells compete against each other for access to molecules on APCs in addition to peptide/MHC complexes. However, the identity of cell surface molecules that influence T‐cell competition, other than peptide/MHC, have yet to be defined. Here, we identify CD70, a TNF ligand expressed on activated APCs, as an important mediator of T‐cell competition for APCs. Upon engagement of CD27 by CD70, CD27 is proteolytically cleaved from the surface of the interacting CD8+ T cell and captured by CD70 expressing dendritic cells. The capture of CD27 effectively masks CD70 on APCs, disallowing the interaction with CD27 on other competing T cells. Collectively, our data indicate that T cells compete against each other for access to the TNF‐ligand CD70, an interaction that affects the duration and potency of T cell/DC interactions, thus influencing the repertoire of responding CD8+ T cells to self or foreign antigens.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium–Antimony Carbonyl Clusters
Authors: Li Ying‐Zhou , Ganguly Rakesh , Leong Weng Kee , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe reaction of Na[HRu3(CO)11] (2) with SbPh2Cl in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded the cluster Ru3(CO)10(μ‐H)(μ‐SbPh2) (3); in dry dichloromethane (DCM), the six‐membered ring Ru6(CO)20(μ‐H)2(μ‐SbPh2)2 (4) was obtained instead. The trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMNO) activated reaction of Ru3(CO)12 (1) with distibine Sb2Ph4 produced Ru3(CO)10(μ‐SbPh2)2 (6) through an Sb–Sb bond oxidative addition. Cluster 6 is fluxional through Ru–Ru bond isomerization. In contrast, its group 15 monosubstituted derivatives Ru3(CO)9(μ‐SbPh2)2(L) (7, L = phosphane, arsine or stibine) or the disubstituted derivatives Ru3(CO)8(μ‐SbPh2)2(L)2 (8) did not exhibit such fluxionality. Instead, isomerization through a turnstile mechanism involving the group 15 ligand occurred. The treatment of 6 with SbPh2Cl afforded the fused‐ring clusters Ru3(CO)9(μ‐SbPh2)3(Cl) (9) and Ru3(CO)8(μ‐SbPh2)3(Cl)(SbPh2CH2Cl) (10).
Fast and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Perylenebisimides
Authors: Rigodanza Francesco , Tenori Eleonora , Bonasera Aurelio , Syrgiannis Zois , Prato Maurizio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPerylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimides have been widely studied as industrial pigments. Lately, these dyes have drawn considerable attention because of applications as photocatalysts and organic semi‐conductors. Here, we report a novel method for fast and efficient synthesis of many different perylenebisimides, based on microwave‐assisted reactions.
Sensitivity Enhancement in Nickel Hydroxide/3D‐Graphene as Enzymeless Glucose Detection
Authors: Shackery Iman , Patil Umarkant , Song Min‐Jung , Sohn Ji Soo , Kulkarni Sachin , Some Surajit , Lee Su Chan , Nam Min Sik , Lee Wooyoung , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2)/3D‐graphene composite is used as monolithic free‐standing electrode for enzymeless electrochemical detection of glucose. Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes are synthesized by using a simple solution growth procedure on 3D‐graphene foam which was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The pore structure of 3D‐graphene allows easy access to glucose with high surface area, which leads to glucose detection with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 3.49 mA mM−1 cm−2 and a significant lower detection limit up to 24 nM. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentionstatic mode is used for non‐enzymatic glucose sensing. The impedance and effective surface area have been studied well. The high sensitivity, low detection limit and simple configuration of Ni(OH)2/three dimensional (3D)‐graphene composite electrodes can evoke its industrial application in glucose sensing devices.
Simultaneous and Highly Sensitive Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol Using Carboxyl Functionalized Graphene Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Li Yancai , Feng Shuqing , Zhong Yanmei , Li Yuhui , Li Shunxing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCarboxyl functionalized graphene (CFG) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) were constructed on the carboxylated glassy carbon electrode based on covalent interaction for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results proved that the CFG SAMs was successfully formed with enhanced conductivity. According to electrochemical voltammetry experiments, the modified electrode showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity for HQ and CC. Under optimal conditions, the sensing platform showed wide linear response for HQ and CC with detection limit of 0.2 µM (S/N=3) and 0.6 µM (S/N=3), respectively. Moreover, the sensor also displays good reproducibility and stability.
Construction of a Novel Carbon Paste Clarithromycin Sensor for Low Level Concentration Measurement, Applications to Pharmaceutical and Biological Analysis
Authors: Soleymanpour Ahmad , Nadimi Najmeh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA potentiometric carbon paste sensor was fabricated for determination of clarithromycin based on incorporation of the ion association complex of the clarithromycin‐phosphotungstate. The proposed sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of 59.2±0.3 mV per decade for clarithromycin over a wide concentration range of 7.4×10−7 to 1.5×10−3 M, with a low detection limit of 5.0×10−7 M. The proposed sensor manifested advantages of very fast response, long life time and, most importantly, excellent selectivity for clarithromycin relative to a wide variety of common foreign inorganic cation, and also biological species. The sensor was successfully applied to determine clarithromycin in clarithromycin tablet, blood serum and urine samples. The inclusion complex formation between β‐cyclodextrin and clarithromycin was studied by the proposed sensor. The influence of the temperature on the response of the sensor was investigated and the temperature coefficient of the sensor was calculated.
Codeposited Poly(benzoxazine) and Os‐Complex Modified Polymethacrylate Layers as Immobilization Matrix for Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Barwe Stefan , Andronescu Corina , Pöller Sascha , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBenzoxazine oligomers synthesized by a Mannich type reaction of bisphenol A, tetraethylenepentamine and formaldehyde were electrochemically crosslinked in presence of both an Os‐complex modified poly(methacrylate) polymer and glucose oxidase. The crosslinking led to the formation of a biocatalytically active layer on an electrode surface exhibiting a swelling process after immersion in an electrolyte solution containing glucose most likely due to the local decrease of the pH value upon glucose oxidation. Optimization of the poly(benzoxazine) to Os‐complex modified poly(methacrylate) ratio was performed leading to a reagentless glucose biosensor with improved stability.
Enantioselective Recognition of DOPA by Mesoporous Platinum Imprinted with Mandelic Acid
Authors: Yutthalekha Thittaya , Warakulwit Chompunuch , Limtrakul Jumras , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChiral imprinted mesoporous platinum was electrochemically synthesized in the presence of mandelic acid and Brij 56 surfactant as chiral and mesoporous templates, respectively. The chiral cavity obtained by using mandelic acid as a template can be used to distinguish between enantiomers of other chiral molecules in which the stereocentre has a correlated configuration with respect to the imprinted one. This recognition versatility was tested for the discrimination of DOPA enantiomers. Mesoporous platinum electrodes imprinted with (R)‐mandelic acid preferentially react with L‐DOPA and vice versa for the (S)‐mandelic acid imprinted one, which is more reactive for D‐DOPA.
Screen‐Printed Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials: A Comparison among Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Authors: Cinti Stefano , Arduini Fabiana , Carbone Marilena , Sansone Lucia , Cacciotti Ilaria , Moscone Danila , Palleschi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work a comparative study using Screen‐Printed Electrodes (SPEs) modified by drop casting with Carbon Black, Single Walled Carbon NanotubesCOOH, Graphene Oxide, and reduced Graphene Oxide is reported. The carbon nanomaterials employed were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, while the modified SPEs have been morphologically and electrochemically characterized. Nanoengineered SPEs have been tested with ferricyanide, NADH, ascorbic acid and cysteine. We observed valuable electroanalytical performances of Carbon Black with the advantage to be i) cost‐effective ii) suitable to obtain stable and homogenous dispersion and iii) mass‐producible following a well established route.
Role of Introduction of a Resistor in Series with the Working Electrode in Impedance Related Electrochemical Measurements
Authors: Huang Xinjian , Deng Haiqiang , Fang Yishan , Wang Lishi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntentional introduction of a resistor in series with the working electrode during electrochemical measurements can apparently change the constituents of the electrochemical system. The introduced resistor behaves like the uncompensated solution resistance, which was often regarded as an unwanted factor. However, the introduction of the resistor brings substantial benefits in some circumstances such as (a) compressing the impedance dynamic range of an electrochemical system and making the time domain EIS measurement more reliable; (b) tuning the RC time constant of an electrochemical system to a larger or even desired value and making the potential step based capacitive biosensing more flexible.
The Use of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Composite Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Miller Thomas S. , Jorge Ana Belen , Sella Andrea , Corà Furio , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Daniel J. L. , McMillan Paul F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (gCN) is shown to undergo lithium insertion reactions applicable with lithium‐ion battery anodes. Lithium capacity was found to be substantially lower than theoretically expected, so the properties of gCN composited with conducting graphite (CG), which was added to improve the performance, were investigated. The electrodes exhibited a systematic increase in lithium uptake with CG content, but the capacity never exceeded that of graphite. It is shown that electron transport via conducting pathways was limiting. Li+ uptake for 10 % gCN was similar to a graphite electrode, indicating that gCN does play a role in determining the storage capacity.
Electrochemical Treatment of Glassy Carbon for Label‐Free Detection of DNA Bases and Neurotransmitters
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kim Doo Young 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElectrochemically reduced glassy carbon (r‐GC) showed a superior electrochemical sensing performance, compared to oxidized GC (ox‐GC) and untreated GC for the oxidation of 4 DNA bases and neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin). r‐GC exhibited not only the largest current intensities of all redox biomolecules, but also displayed an excellent selectivity in detecting coexisting redox biomolecules. The enhanced performance of r‐GC was attributed to the improved surface cleanliness of electrode and its catalytic surface functional groups. The results presented herein imply that simple electrochemical treatments are a viable method to produce sensitive and selective electrodes for label‐free biosensing.
Electrochemical Sensitive Determination of Nanomolar Guanine from ZnO Nanorods Coated on Platinum Electrode
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Kaur Narinder , Singh Jasminder , Sankar S. , Gaur S. S. , Lee Sejoon , Kim Deuk Young , Singh Narinder , Singh Harpreet 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe crystalline ZnO nanorods, grown on Si‐substrate (100) at a low temperature using a hydrothermal process were used for modification of platinum electrode using PVC and THF for in order to test their chemosensor activity. The modified electrode can be used for selective nanomolar determination of guanine in aqueous media without any interference from other biomolecules. The prepared chemosensor has a lower detection limit of 40 nM for guanine, and a modification of the electrodes with ZnO nanorods increases the reproducibility by reducing the fouling effect caused by the oxidation of biomolecules on the electrode surface as the prepared electrode can be used for more than 30 consecutive scans and can be used for 5 days without any change in current intensity or sensitivity.
Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Thrombin Aptamer Sensor Based on the Synergistic Effect of Doping/Depositing Gold Nanoparticles in Polydopamine Film
Authors: Jeong Bongjin , Akter Rashida , Choi Jong‐Soon , Rahman Md. Aminur 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA highly sensitive square‐wave voltammetric thrombin (TB) aptamer sensor was developed using functional polydopamine (PD) film by doping and depositing gold nanoparticles into the bulk and the surface of PD. The aptamer sensor was fabricated by immobilizing a thiolated TB‐binding aptamer (TBA) on the AuNPs‐doped/deposited PD film. AuNPs‐supported methylene blue labels were used for the detection of human α‐TB. Under the optimized conditions, the aptamer sensor’s dynamic range and the detection limit were determined to be 2.0 pM–50 nM and 0.97±0.06 pM, respectively. Finally, the proposed aptamer sensor was successfully examined in human serum samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
Development of a Potentiometric Chemical Sensor for the Rapid Detection of Carbofuran Based on Air Stable Lipid Films with Incorporated Calix[4]arene Phosphoryl Receptor Using Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Bratakou Spyridoula , Nikoleli Georgia‐Paraskevi , Nikolelis Dimitrios P. , Psaroudakis Nikolas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present article describes a miniaturized potentiometric carbofuran chemical sensor on graphene nanosheets with incorporated lipid films. The graphene electrode was used for the development of a very selective and sensitive chemical sensor for the detection of carbofuran by immobilizing an artificial selective receptor on stabilized lipid films. The artificial receptor was synthesized by transformation of the hydroxyl groups of resorcin[4]arene receptor into phosphoryl groups. This chemical sensor responded for the wide range of carbofuran concentrations with fast response time of ca. 20 s. The presented potentiometric carbofuran chemical sensor is easy to construct and exhibits good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, rapid response times, long shelf life and high sensitivity of ca. 59 mV/decade over the carbofuran logarithmic concentration range from 10−6 to 10−3 M.