bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interleukin‐6 receptor blockade on feto‐maternal outcomes in a rat model of intrauterine inflammation
Authors: Ouellet Justine , Berthiaume Maryse , Corriveau Stéphanie , Rola‐Pleszczynski Marek , Pasquier Jean‐Charles 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo study the effect of blocking the inflammatory cascade with interleukin‐6 receptor antibody (anti‐IL‐6R) on feto‐maternal outcomes in a rat model.MethodsPregnant Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 38) were injected intraperitoneally (day 22) (control, anti‐IL‐6R 30 μg/kg, lipopolysaccharide [LPS] 250 μg/kg or 500 μg/kg alone or combined with anti‐IL‐6R) followed by preterm caesarian performed 12 h later. Resuscitated pups (n = 179) were given to surrogate mothers. Primary outcomes were maternal and pup mortality.ResultsFifty percent of pregnant rats died after LPS 500 μg/kg + anti‐IL‐6R injection but none in other groups. Neonatal mortality at 24 h was 63% and 86% in LPS 500 μg/kg and LPS 500 μg/kg + anti‐IL‐6R groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Surviving pups in the latter group presented a severe growth deficit compared to the LPS 500 μg/kg group (P < 0.01) and showed no difference with controls for open field testing. Maternal cytokine analysis after LPS 500 μg/kg + anti‐IL‐6R injection showed a tendency for increased IL‐1 production (P = 0.06).ConclusionParadoxically, the association of pregnancy, inflammation and anti‐IL‐6R increases the inflammatory effects of LPS.
Obstetrical complications associated with first‐trimester screening markers in twin pregnancies
Authors: Iskender Cantekin , Tarım Ebru , Çok Tayfun , Yalcınkaya Cem , Kalaycı Hakan , Yanık Filiz Bilgin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relation between perinatal complications in twin pregnancies and the combination of first‐trimester maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and free beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) levels.Material and MethodsThe study was conducted at the Perinatology Department of Baskent University between January 2005 and December 2011. In total, 104 patients with twin pregnancies were recruited. The association of first‐trimester maternal serum‐screening markers with perinatal complications was investigated for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery (before 34 weeks of gestation), pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), and growth discordance between fetuses.ResultsLow serum PAPP‐A (below 10th percentile) levels were not correlated with preterm labor, PIH, or IUGR in twin gestations. Elevated free β‐hCG levels (>90th percentile) were linked to increased rates of PIH and small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses or IUGR.ConclusionElevated first‐trimester free β‐hCG was related to adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies, whereas low PAPP‐A levels were not linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Perinatal outcomes of low‐risk planned home and hospital births under midwife‐led care in Japan
Authors: Hiraizumi Yoshie , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimIt has not been extensively studied whether planned home and planned hospital births under primary midwife‐led care increase risk of adverse events among low‐risk women in Japan.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed to compare perinatal outcome between 291 women who were given primary midwife‐led care during labor and 217 women who were given standard obstetric shared care. Among 291 women with primary midwife‐led care, 168 and 123 chose home deliver and hospital delivery, respectively. Perinatal outcomes included length of labor of 24 h or more, augmentation of labor pains, delivery mode, severe perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage of 1000 mL or more, maternal fever of 38°C or more and neonatal asphyxia (Apgar score, <7). Analysis was by intention to treat.ResultsThe incidence of transfer from primary midwife‐led care to obstetric shared care was 27% (77 women) mainly due to failure of labor progress (21%, 16 women), postpartum hemorrhage (19%, 15 women) and non‐reassuring fetal status (19%, 15 women). Significantly higher incidence of transfer to obstetric shared care from primary midwife‐led care was seen among women who chose hospital delivery compared with women who chose home delivery (34 vs 21%, P = 0.011). There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes between women with obstetric shared care and women with primary midwife‐led care (regardless of being hospital delivery or home delivery).ConclusionApproximately one‐quarter of low‐risk women with primary midwife‐led care required obstetric care during labor or postpartum. However, primary midwife‐led care during labor at home and hospital for low‐risk pregnant women was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in Japan.
Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid agent on aggravated hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy
Authors: Sato Shimpei , Ohkuchi Akihide , Kawano Mikihiko , Iwanaga Naoko , Furukawa Yuichi , Matsumoto Harunobu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAggravated hypertriglyceridemia with a serum triglyceride of more than 1000 mg/dL is a risk of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy. However, there have been few reports on the administration of an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) agent for aggravated hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy. A 29‐year‐old multiparous Japanese woman was transferred to our hospital at 29 + 0 weeks of gestation due to hypertriglyceridemia of 898 mg/dL. Because diet control was not enough, we decided to use an EPA agent, resulting in a reduction in triglyceride levels to 550 mg/dL. A male infant, weighing 2667 g, was born at 37 + 2 weeks transabdominally, and was complicated with respiratory distress syndrome. The final diagnosis was type III hyperlipoproteinemia with the apolipoprotein E3/2 phenotype and a broad β‐migrating lipoprotein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins. In conclusion, an EPA agent may be a possible therapeutic approach for aggravated hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy, although it may increase a risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
Multidirectional lip‐closing force in adults with mandibular deviation
Authors: Kawabata A. , Kobayashi T. , Takagi A. , Kuroyanagi F. , Washino K. , Sabashi K. , Kitai N. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between multidi‐rectional lip‐closing force and facial soft tissue morphology in adults with mandibular deviation. Fifteen Japanese adults with mandibular deviation participated in this study. The deviation value was defined as the horizontal distance between soft tissue menton and the facial midline. The side of the soft tissue menton relative to the facial midline was defined as the deviated side and the opposite side as the non‐deviated side. The signals of directional lip‐closing force (DLCF) were investigated in 8 directions. Total lip‐closing force (TLCF) was calculated by adding DLCFs in 8 directions. Correlations and differences between the variables were analysed statistically. Significant positive correlations between TLCF and DLCFs were determined in six directions with the exception of the horizontal direction. Significant positive correlations for seven pairs of opposing DLCFs were found. The lower non‐deviated DLCF was smaller than the three pairs of opposing lip‐closing forces. Negative significant correlation was found between the deviation value and the upper deviated DLCF (P < 0·05). In individuals with mandibular deviation, lip‐closing force in the lower non‐deviated direction was found to be smaller than the opposing lip‐closing forces. When mandibular deviation was greater, the upper deviated lip‐closing force was smaller.
Individual Differences in the Relationship Transition Context: Links to Physiological Outcomes
Authors: Keneski Elizabeth , Schoenfeld Elizabeth A. , Loving Timothy J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe identification of relationship‐relevant individual differences is central to elucidating how relationship experiences differentially impact individuals’ health. To this end, we highlight the utility of studying the influence of individual differences on physiological outcomes (e.g., cortisol reactivity and recovery) in the context of normative relationship transitions. We argue that relationship transitions, such as falling in love and the process of committing to marry one's partner, amplify the influence of individual differences on relationship processes and, by extension, on physiological outcomes. Two such individual differences are highlighted—namely, relationship‐focused processing and dependence—and suggestions for future work are provided.
Ramsey, Pigou, Heterogeneous Agents, and Nonatmospheric Consumption Externalities
Authors: WENDNER RONALD 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of nonatmospheric consumption externalities on optimal commodity taxation and on the social cost and optimal levels of public good provision. A negative consumption externality, by lowering the social cost of public good provision, may require the second‐best level of public good provision to exceed the first‐best level. If those households who are most important for building up the consumption reference level respond the least to commodity taxation, the second‐best commodity tax rate may fall short of the first‐best rate. Moreover, in this case, heterogeneity may imply an equity‐efficiency tradeoff. This tradeoff is presentonlyif the consumption externality is of the nonatmospheric type.
Estimating energy losses with urine in the cat
Authors: Wichert B. , Liesegang A. , Hartnack S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryUrinary energy losses in cats have to be determined in energy balance trials as well as for the calculation of the metabolizable energy (ME) content of cat food. The aim of the present study was: first, to assess whether the energy content of cat urine quantified by bomb calorimetry differs from that quantified using GE (kJ) urine = 33 kJ × g C urine + 9 kJ × g N urine and investigate whether this difference could be attributed to influences of diets. Second, to assess whether the subtraction of 3.1 kJ/g of protein intake used for estimation of metabolizable energy content of cat foods is confirmed as usable. Data from 27 energy and protein balance trials from different studies with complete sampling of urine and faeces (29 cats in part A and 35 cats in part B) were used. Gross energy, carbon and nitrogen were determined in food, faeces and urine. Gross energy values in urine tended to be higher when determined with the formula of Hoffman and Klein compared to bomb calorimetry. The average relative difference of gross energy values between the methods was 18.8%. The mean energy loss in kJ/g of protein intake resulted in 3.7 kJ/g protein intake, which was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.12) from the tested value of 3.1 kJ/g of protein intake. In conclusion, the formula of Hoffman and Klein is not appropriate for the estimation of energy in cat urine. In balance studies, it is advisable to quantify the urinary energy content by bomb calorimetry. In the second part of the study, the protein correction factor to determine ME of 3.1 kJ/g protein intake for urinary energy losses of Kienzle et al. could be confirmed.
Exercises in canine physical rehabilitation: range of motion of the forelimb during stair and ramp ascent
Authors: Carr J. G. , Millis D. L. , Weng H.‐Y. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate overall joint range of motion of the forelimb in healthy dogs ascending stairs compared with incline slope walking.MethodsNormal canine forelimb kinematics (range of motion, flexion and extension) were compared during ascent of stairs or a ramp, and compared to unimpeded trotting on a flat surface. Eight adult dogs with no evidence of orthopaedic or neurological lameness were assessed using a 2‐dimensional kinematic system as they walked up a custom built ramp and stairs.ResultsIn healthy dogs, ramp and stair ascent consistently had greater range of motion compared to trotting on a flat surface, and ramp ascent had significantly greater range of motion compared to stair ascent (P<0·05). Shoulder flexion and extension, elbow extension and carpal flexion were all significantly greater while ascending the ramp compared to stairs. Shoulder extension on the flat was significantly greater than while ascending stairs.Clinical SignificanceWhen planning physical rehabilitation exercises following injury to the forelimb, stair and ramp ascent may be considered, as both augment range of motion of joints. Ramp ascent provides the greatest increase in range of motion of forelimb joints.
Stable isotopes of oxygen reveal dispersal patterns of the South American sea lion in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zenteno L. , Crespo E. , Goodall N. , Aguilar A. , de Oliveira L. , Drago M. , Secchi E. R. , Garcia N. , Cardona L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStable isotopes of oxygen have been widely used to reconstruct paleotemperatures and to investigate the thermal environment of fishes and mollusks, but they have only occasionally been used as geographical markers in marine systems. As bone apatite grows at a constant temperature in marine mammals and food is the major source of water for these animals, particularly for pinnipeds, variations in the ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) of bone apatite will likely reflect changes in the δ18O values of diet, and thus of the surrounding water mass, despite the potential confounding role of factors as the proximate composition of diet, sex and body size. Here, we used the δ18O values in bone apatite to investigate whether adult males of South American sea lion (Otaria byronia), from three regions in southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazil, Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego in Argentina), used the same water masses to forage and whether differences exist in the water masses used by sea lions differing according to sex and developmental stage. Statistically significant differences were observed among the δ18O bone values of adult males from the three regions, with those from Patagonia more enriched in 18O, as expected from the δ18Oseawater values. These results revealed restricted dispersal movements of adult males between the three areas. On the other hand, adult males and females from Patagonia did not differ in average δ18Obone values, thus indicating the use of foraging grounds within the same water mass. Finally, the variability in the δ18Obone values of young of both sexes was much wider than the adults of the same sex from the same region, which suggests the existence of a juvenile dispersal phase in both sexes, although much shorter in females than in males. These results confirm the usefulness of stable isotopes of oxygen as habitats tracers in marine mammals.
Statin‐Associated Underactive Bladder
Authors: YOKOYAMA Teruhiko , CHANCELLOR Michael B. 
Published: July 2013

CaseStatins are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia but can lead to side‐effects. We present a case of statin‐associated permanent urinary retention in a 69‐year‐old woman.OutcomeOral Cerivastatin was prescribed 2 months prior to the onset of retention. With the discontinuation of Cerivastatin, the patient reported modest improvement in symptoms.ConclusionThe findings of this case support the potential risk of permanent bladder smooth muscle damage due to statin that may lead to underactive bladder and urinary retention.
Model selection as a tool for phylogeographic inference: an example from the willow Salix melanopsis
Authors: Carstens Bryan C. , Brennan Reid S. , Chua Vivien , Duffie Caroline V. , Harvey Michael G. , Koch Rachel A. , McMahan Caleb D. , Nelson Bradley J. , Newman Catherine E. , Satler Jordan D. , Seeholzer Glenn , Posbic Karine , Tank David C. , Sullivan Jack 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhylogeographic inference has typically relied on analyses of data from one or a few genes to provide estimates of demography and population histories. While much has been learned from these studies, all phylogeographic analysis is conditioned on the data, and thus, inferences derived from data that represent a small sample of the genome are unavoidably tenuous. Here, we demonstrate one approach for moving beyond classic phylogeographic research. We use sequence capture probes and Illumina sequencing to generate data from >400 loci in order to infer the phylogeographic history of Salix melanopsis, a riparian willow with a disjunct distribution in coastal and the inland Pacific Northwest. We evaluate a priori phylogeographic hypotheses using coalescent models for parameter estimation, and the results support earlier findings that identified post‐Pleistocene dispersal as the cause of the disjunction in S. melanopsis. We also conduct a series of model selection exercises using IMa2, Migrate‐n and ∂a∂i. The resulting ranking of models indicates that refugial dynamics were complex, with multiple regions in the inland regions serving as the source for postglacial colonization. Our results demonstrate that new sources of data and new approaches to data analysis can rejuvenate phylogeographic research by allowing for the identification of complex models that enable researchers to both identify and estimate the most relevant parameters for a given system.
Partitioning of genetic variation across the genome using multimarker methods in a wild bird population
Authors: Robinson Matthew R. , Santure Anna W. , DeCauwer Isabelle , Sheldon Ben C. , Slate Jon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe underlying basis of genetic variation in quantitative traits, in terms of the number of causal variants and the size of their effects, is largely unknown in natural populations. The expectation is that complex quantitative trait variation is attributable to many, possibly interacting, causal variants, whose effects may depend upon the sex, age and the environment in which they are expressed. A recently developed methodology in animal breeding derives a value of relatedness among individuals from high‐density genomic marker data, to estimate additive genetic variance within livestock populations. Here, we adapt and test the effectiveness of these methods to partition genetic variation for complex traits across genomic regions within ecological study populations where individuals have varying degrees of relatedness. We then apply this approach for the first time to a natural population and demonstrate that genetic variation in wing length in the great tit (Parus major) reflects contributions from multiple genomic regions. We show that a polygenic additive mode of gene action best describes the patterns observed, and we find no evidence of dosage compensation for the sex chromosome. Our results suggest that most of the genomic regions that influence wing length have the same effects in both sexes. We found a limited amount of genetic variance in males that is attributed to regions that have no effects in females, which could facilitate the sexual dimorphism observed for this trait. Although this exploratory work focuses on one complex trait, the methodology is generally applicable to any trait for any laboratory or wild population, paving the way for investigating sex‐, age‐ and environment‐specific genetic effects and thus the underlying genetic architecture of phenotype in biological study systems.
How to fail at species delimitation
Authors: Carstens Bryan C. , Pelletier Tara A. , Reid Noah M. , Satler Jordan D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSpecies delimitation is the act of identifying species‐level biological diversity. In recent years, the field has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of methods available for delimiting species. However, most recent investigations only utilize a handful (i.e. 2–3) of the available methods, often for unstated reasons. Because the parameter space that is potentially relevant to species delimitation far exceeds the parameterization of any existing method, a given method necessarily makes a number of simplifying assumptions, any one of which could be violated in a particular system. We suggest that researchers should apply a wide range of species delimitation analyses to their data and place their trust in delimitations that are congruent across methods. Incongruence across the results from different methods is evidence of either a difference in the power to detect cryptic lineages across one or more of the approaches used to delimit species and could indicate that assumptions of one or more of the methods have been violated. In either case, the inferences drawn from species delimitation studies should be conservative, for in most contexts it is better to fail to delimit species than it is to falsely delimit entities that do not represent actual evolutionary lineages.
Divergence of host range and biological properties between natural isolate and full‐length infectious cDNA clone of the Beet mild yellowing virus 2ITB
Authors: Klein Elodie , Brault Véronique , Klein Delphine , Weyens Guy , Lefèbvre Marc , Ziegler‐Graff Véronique , Gilmer David 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPlant infection by poleroviruses is restricted to phloem tissues, preventing any classical leaf rub inoculation with viral RNA or virions. Efficient virus inoculation to plants is achieved by viruliferous aphids that acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. The use of promoter‐driven infectious cDNA is an alternative means to infect plants and allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. Using Beet mild yellowing virus isolate 2ITB (BMYV‐2ITB), we produced a full‐length infectious cDNA clone of the virus (named BMYV‐EK) placed under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase and the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters. Infectivity of the engineered BMYV‐EK virus was assayed in different plant species and compared with that of the original virus. We showed that in vitro‐ or in planta‐derived transcripts were infectious in protoplasts and in whole plants. Importantly, the natural aphid vector Myzus persicae efficiently transmitted the viral progeny produced in infected plants. By comparing agroinoculation and aphid infection in a host range assay, we showed that the engineered BMYV‐EK virus displayed a similar host range to BMYV‐2ITB, except for Nicotiana benthamiana, which proved to be resistant to systemic infection with BMYV‐EK. Finally, both the BMYV‐EK P0 and the full‐length clone were able to strongly interfere with post‐transcriptional gene silencing.
Confidence‐weighted testing: A descriptive study of Japanese nursing students
Authors: Aoyama Michiyo , Tamura Yumi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Yada Mamiko , Miyawaki Ikuko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNurses' lack of self‐confidence in their own nursing skills is one of the main reasons that novice nurses leave the profession in Japan. Nursing education must help students gain self‐confidence in their nursing skills in order to allow more novice nurses to stay in their profession. In this study, we evaluated whether confidence‐weighted testing feedback actually improves students' self‐confidence in their basic nursing skills. Confidence‐weighted testing, which provides quantifiable results, might allow students to objectively assess their skill‐related self‐confidence. Sixty‐seven first‐year nursing students took two confidence‐rating examinations on the knowledge and practical skills related to pulse and blood pressure measurement of immobile patients. Feedback was given to each participant after the first examination. After the first examination with confidence‐weighted testing feedback, students showed higher levels of self‐confidence in their practical skills, but not in knowledge. The improvement of self‐confidence in practical skills suggests that there is still room for improvement in confidence‐weighted testing feedback in knowledge. Further research is required to identify more effective feedback methods to improve students' self‐confidence levels in knowledge using the results of confidence‐weighted testing.