bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once-daily Mesalamine Formulation for Maintenance of Remission in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gordon Glenn L. , Zakko Salam , Murthy Uma , Sedghi Shahriar , Pruitt Ronald , Barrett Andrew C. , Bortey Enoch , Paterson Craig , Forbes William P. , Lichtenstein Gary R. 
Published: September 2015

Goals:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesalamine granules 1.5 g once daily for maintenance of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission.

Background:
Mesalamine is a first-line treatment for induction and maintenance of UC remission.

Study:
A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of patients with a history of mild to moderate UC, currently in remission, who received mesalamine granules once daily for 6 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage of patients maintaining UC remission at 6 months.

Results:
A significantly greater percentage of patients receiving mesalamine granules versus placebo were in remission at 6 months (79.9% vs. 66.7%; P=0.03). A greater percentage of patients receiving mesalamine granules maintained a revised Sutherland Disease Activity Index (SDAI)≤2 with no individual component of revised SDAI>1 and rectal bleeding=0 at 6 months (72.0% vs. 58.1%; P=0.04). No significant differences between groups were observed for change from baseline to 6 months for total SDAI score or its components (ie, stool frequency, rectal bleeding, mucosal appearance, physician’s rating of disease). Mesalamine granules treatment resulted in a significantly longer remission duration versus placebo (P=0.02) and decreased patients’ risk of relapse by 43% (hazard ratio=0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.93; P=0.02). Mesalamine granules were well tolerated, and adverse events related to hepatic, renal, and pancreatic function—potential concerns with long-term treatment—occurred at a rate similar to placebo.

Conclusions:
Once-daily mesalamine granules are efficacious and safe for the maintenance of UC remission.
Interactive effects of pasture management intensity, release from grazing and prescribed fire on forty subtropical wetland plant assemblages
Authors: Boughton Elizabeth H. , Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Bohlen Patrick J. , Fauth John E. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Pasture management intensity, livestock grazing and prescribed fire are three widespread agricultural practices that affect small, isolated wetlands, but few studies have investigated their individual and interactive effects. Pasture management intensity refers to the degree of human alteration of grassland, ranging from intensively managed pastures planted with introduced forage, fertilizer/lime additions and artificial drainage to semi‐natural pastures with mixed native and non‐native vegetation, no fertilizer/lime additions and little or no artificial drainage.

We examined individual and interactive effects of these three agricultural practices on individual, isolated wetlands using a replicated, full‐factorial experiment on 40 entire wetlands in south Florida, USA. Wetlands were embedded in two pasture management intensities: intensively managed and semi‐natural.

After three years of treatment initiation, vegetation of wetlands released from grazing and unburned embedded in semi‐natural pastures had significantly lower evenness and coefficient of conservatism scores compared to wetlands released from grazing and burned, grazed unburned wetlands and grazed burned wetlands in the same pasture management intensity. For wetlands embedded in intensively managed pastures, evenness and coefficient of conservatism scores did not differ among treatments.

Release from grazing increased abundance of the native, weedy herb, Eupatorium capillifolium.

Grazing interacted with prescribed fire to affect shrub abundance and non‐native richness; relative abundance of shrubs and non‐native richness were greater in wetlands released from grazing and burned and did not differ among burn treatments in grazed wetlands. Interactive effects, especially three‐way interactions, were uncommon and not as important as differences between the two pasture management intensities.

Synthesis and applications. Vegetation diversity and floristic quality of wetlands embedded in intensively managed pastures resisted common restoration management techniques such as release from grazing and prescribed fire, at least in the short term. In contrast, removing all top‐down disturbances from wetlands embedded in semi‐natural grasslands can negatively affect vegetation species diversity and floristic quality. Future studies should examine how intensity and seasonality of grazing and prescribed fire affect wetland vegetation, and track long‐term responses to evaluate lag effects.
Performing red reflex eye examinations increases the rate of neonatal conjunctivitis
Authors: Ulanovsky Irena , Shnaider Morya , Geffen Yuval , Smolkin Tatiana , Mashiach Tatyana , Blazer Shraga , Makhoul Imad R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimRed reflex eye examinations often require opening the eyelids, risking infection. We evaluated links between this procedure and neonatal conjunctivitis.MethodsWe divided 18 872 neonates of more than 35 weeks of gestation into two birth periods, 2008–2009 and 2010–2011, before and after red reflex examinations were carried out by our facility. The rates of clinical conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial growth percentage were compared between the two periods.ResultsThe 2010–2011 period included more Caesarean deliveries and longer lengths of stay (LOS) than the 2008–2009 period. The clinical conjunctivitis rate increased significantly during 2010–2011 (p = 0.029), but the bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial growth percentages did not differ between the two periods. Variables that were independently and significantly associated with clinical conjunctivitis included being born in 2010–2011, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.22, male gender (OR 1.31) and LOS (OR 1.19). Bacterial conjunctivitis was associated with vaginal delivery (OR 3.65), males delivered by Caesarean (OR 2.68) and LOS (OR 1.37).ConclusionClinical conjunctivitis was significantly associated with the later study period, male gender and LOS. Conjunctival swab sampling increased significantly following the implementation of red reflex examinations, but without changes in the bacterial conjunctivitis rate and the bacterial growth percentage.
Serological evidence that activation of ubiquitous human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) plays a role in chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU)
Authors: Dreyfus D H 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Acute infection with viral pathogens in the herpesviridae family can trigger acute urticaria, and reactivation of herpesviridae is associated with cutaneous urticarial-like syndromes such as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Reactivation of latent herpesviridae has not been studied systematically in chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU). This review proposes that CIU is an inflammatory disorder with autoimmune features (termed ‘CVU’ for chronic viral urticaria), based on serology consistent with the hypothesis that reactivation of a latent herpesvirus or -viruses may play a role in CIU. Serology obtained from a cohort of omalizumab (Xolair)-dependent patients with severe CIU was consistent with previous HHV-6 infection, persistent viral gene expression and replication. CIU patients also exhibited serological evidence of increased immune response to HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr virus, or EBV) but not all CIU patients were infected with EBV. These observations, combined with case reports of CIU response to anti-viral therapy, suggest that HHV-6, possibly interacting with HHV-4 in cutaneous tissues, is a candidate for further prospective study as a co-factor in CIU.
Effect of intra‐operative autonomic nerve stimulation on pelvic nerve preservation during radical laparoscopic proctectomy
Authors: Fang J.‐F. , Wei B. , Zheng Z.‐H. , Chen T.‐F. , Huang Y. , Huang J.‐L. , Lei P.‐R. , Wei H.‐B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThis study assessed the effect of intra‐operative electrical nerve stimulation (INS) on pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) during laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer.MethodA total of 189 consecutive cases of radical laparoscopic proctectomy were included. PANP was assessed visually or with INS. Urinary function was evaluated by residual urine volume (RUV), International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) and recatheterization rate. Erectile function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) scale.ResultsINS successfully confirmed PANP in 65 (91.5%) patients, while direct vision confirmed PANP in only 72 (61.0%) patients. Compared with the successfully confirmed patients, failed patients in the INS group exhibited higher postoperative RUV (100.0 ± 34.6 vs 25.2 ± 13.6 ml, P = 0.003), higher IPSS (7 days, 20.0 ± 8.6 vs 6.5 ± 2.4, P = 0.012; 1 month, 13.5 ± 6.0 vs 5.3 ± 1.9, P = 0.020; 6 months, 11.7 ± 5.1 vs 4.5 ± 1.7, P = 0.018), a greater number of incidences of a micturition disorder (66.7% vs 1.5%, P = 0.000), higher recatheterization rates (33.3% vs 1.5%, P = 0.017) and a lower IIEF score at 3 months (8.25 ± 0.96 vs 10.93 ± 1.99, P = 0.012) and 6 months (12.50 ± 1.29 vs 15.63 ± 1.65, P = 0.001) postoperatively. Compared with the vision group, the INS group had less deterioration in postoperative RUV (31.5 ± 26.4 vs 54.0 ± 46.7 ml, P = 0.000), lower IPSS (7 days, 7.7 ± 5.0 vs 11.0 ± 6.6, P = 0.000; 1 month, 6.0 ± 3.3 vs 7.6 ± 5.4, P = 0.012) and higher IIEF score (3 months, 10.69 ± 2.07 vs 9.42 ± 2.05, P = 0.001; 6 months, 15.36 ± 1.85 vs 13.64 ± 2.00, P = 0.000) as well as a lower incidence of urination disorders (7.0% vs 17.8%, P = 0.038).ConclusionINS is effective for the accurate evaluation of PANP during radical laparoscopic proctectomy. Combined with INS, laparoscopic proctectomy is more effective in urogenital function protection.
Achieving the composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin <7.0%, no weight gain and no hypoglycaemia in the once‐weekly dulaglutide AWARD programme
Authors: Dungan K. M. , Raz I. , Skrivanek Z. , Sealls W. , Fahrbach J. L. 
Published: September 2015

AimTo compare the effectiveness of dulaglutide 1.5 and 0.75 mg with active comparators and placebo with regard to a composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), weight and hypoglycaemia, using post hoc analyses.MethodsA logistic regression analysis was performed on the intention‐to‐treat population, using data from the last observation carried forward, and the composite endpoint of HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol), no weight gain (≤0 kg) and no hypoglycaemia (glucose <3.0 mmol/l or severe hypoglycaemia) after 26 weeks for each trial in the AWARD programme separately.ResultsAt 26 weeks, within each study, 37–58% of patients on dulaglutide 1.5 mg, 27–49% of patients on dulaglutide 0.75 mg, and 9–61% of patients on active comparators achieved the composite endpoint. Significantly more patients reached the composite endpoint with dulaglutide 1.5 mg than with metformin, sitagliptin, exenatide twice daily or insulin glargine: odds ratio (OR) 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0, 2.2; p < 0.05], OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.0, 6.6; p < 0.001), OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.8, 3.7; p < 0.001) and OR 7.4 (95% CI 4.4, 12.6; p < 0.001), respectively, with no difference between dulaglutide 1.5 mg and liraglutide 1.8 mg. In addition, significantly more patients reached the composite endpoint with dulaglutide 0.75 mg than with sitagliptin or insulin glargine: OR 3.3 (95% CI 2.2, 4.8; p < 0.001) and OR 4.5 (95% CI 2.7, 7.8; p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsDulaglutide is an effective treatment option, resulting in a similar or greater proportion of patients reaching the HbA1c target of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol), without weight gain or hypoglycaemia compared with active comparators.
Preputial fibroma in a gelding
Authors: De Meyer A. , Vandenabeele S. , Ververs C. , Martens A. , Roels K. , De Lange V. , Hoogewijs M. , De Schauwer C. , Govaere J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old gelding presented with a large mass located in the dermis of his preputium that surrounded the penis completely. This mass was first noted years ago but did not increase in size. Histological examination diagnosed a fibroma. No treatment was initiated since no signs of discomfort were noticed and the gelding was performing at a high level in competitive showjumping. Next to skin tumours, tumours of the penis and preputium are most common. Most frequently, squamous cell carcinomas and sarcomas are diagnosed. Although fibromas can develop anywhere in connective tissue, a preputial location of a fibroma in a gelding is rare. Differential diagnosis and possible treatment options are discussed.
Long‐term elevated air [CO2] strengthens photosynthetic functioning and mitigates the impact of supra‐optimal temperatures in tropical Coffea arabica and C. canephora species
Authors: Rodrigues Weverton P. , Martins Madlles Q. , Fortunato Ana S. , Rodrigues Ana P. , Semedo José N. , Simões‐Costa Maria C. , Pais Isabel P. , Leitão António E. , Colwell Filipe , Goulao Luis , Máguas Cristina , Maia Rodrigo , Partelli Fábio L. , Campostrini Eliemar , Scotti‐Campos Paula , Ribeiro‐Barros Ana I. , Lidon Fernando C. , DaMatta Fábio M. , Ramalho José C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe tropical coffee crop has been predicted to be threatened by future climate changes and global warming. However, the real biological effects of such changes remain unknown. Therefore, this work aims to link the physiological and biochemical responses of photosynthesis to elevated air [CO2] and temperature in cultivated genotypes of Coffea arabica L. (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and Coffea canephora cv. Conilon CL153. Plants were grown for ca. 10 months at 25/20 °C (day/night) and 380 or 700 μl CO2 l−1 and then subjected to temperature increase (0.5 °C day−1) to 42/34 °C. Leaf impacts related to stomatal traits, gas exchanges, C isotope composition, fluorescence parameters, thylakoid electron transport and enzyme activities were assessed at 25/20, 31/25, 37/30 and 42/34 °C. The results showed that (1) both species were remarkably heat tolerant up to 37/30 °C, but at 42/34 °C a threshold for irreversible nonstomatal deleterious effects was reached. Impairments were greater in C. arabica (especially in Icatu) and under normal [CO2]. Photosystems and thylakoid electron transport were shown to be quite heat tolerant, contrasting to the enzymes related to energy metabolism, including RuBisCO, which were the most sensitive components. (2) Significant stomatal trait modifications were promoted almost exclusively by temperature and were species dependent. Elevated [CO2], (3) strongly mitigated the impact of temperature on both species, particularly at 42/34 °C, modifying the response to supra‐optimal temperatures, (4) promoted higher water‐use efficiency under moderately higher temperature (31/25 °C) and (5) did not provoke photosynthetic downregulation. Instead, enhancements in [CO2] strengthened photosynthetic photochemical efficiency, energy use and biochemical functioning at all temperatures. Our novel findings demonstrate a relevant heat resilience of coffee species and that elevated [CO2] remarkably mitigated the impact of heat on coffee physiology, therefore playing a key role in this crop sustainability under future climate change scenarios.
How to Foster Toddlers' Mental‐State Talk, Emotion Understanding, and Prosocial Behavior: A Conversation‐Based Intervention at Nursery School
Authors: Grazzani Ilaria , Ornaghi Veronica , Agliati Alessia , Brazzelli Elisa 
Published: September 2015

Recent years have seen the development and implementation of a range of training programs aimed at improving children's socio‐emotional skills. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted with toddlers attending nursery school. In this study, we adopted observational and experimental paradigms to examine the efficacy of an intervention based on conversing about emotions with small groups of 2‐ to 3‐year‐old children. The intervention was designed to promote toddlers' mental‐state talk, emotion understanding (EU), and prosocial behavior. The training group significantly outperformed the control group in the use of mental‐state language, especially emotional‐state lexicon,EU, and prosocial behavior toward peers. There was also a significant Group × Age interaction, with the older training group participants displaying greater gains inEUthan the younger ones. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Histological analysis of loaded zirconia and titanium dental implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Benic Goran I. , Muñoz Fernando , Kohal Ralf , Sanz Martin Ignacio , Cantalapiedra Antonio González , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether or not peri‐implant soft tissue dimensions and hard tissue integration of loaded zirconia implants are similar to those of a titanium implant.Materials and methodsIn six dogs, two one‐piece zirconia implants (VC, ZD), a two‐piece zirconia implant (BPI) and a control one‐piece titanium implant (STM) were randomly placed. CAD/CAM crowns were cemented at 6 months. Six months later, animals were killed and histomorphometric analyses were performed, including: the level of the mucosal margin, the extent of the peri‐implant mucosa, the marginal bone loss and the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC). Means of outcomes variables were calculated together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn general, the mucosal margin was located coronally to the implant shoulder. The buccal peri‐implant mucosa ranged between 2.64 ± 0.70 mm (VC) and 3.03 ± 1.71 mm (ZD) (for all median comparisons p > 0.05). The relative marginal bone loss ranged between 0.65 ± 0.61 mm (BPI) and 1.73 ± 1.68 mm (ZD) (buccal side), and between 0.55 ± 0.37 mm (VC) and 1.69 ± 1.56 mm (ZD) (lingual side) (p > 0.05). The mean BIC ranged between 78.6% ± 17.3% (ZD) and 87.9% ± 13.6% (STM) without statistically significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOne‐ and two‐piece zirconia rendered similar peri‐implant soft tissue dimensions and osseointegration compared to titanium implants that were placed at 6 months of loading. Zirconia implants, however, exhibited a relatively high fracture rate.
Plasticity of crassulacean acid metabolism at subtropical latitudes: a pineapple case study
Authors: Rainha Nuno , Medeiros Violante P. , Câmara Mariana , Faustino Hélder , Leite João P. , Barreto Maria do Carmo , Cruz Cristina , Pacheco Carlos A. , Ponte Duarte , Bernardes da Silva Anabela 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlants with the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) express high‐metabolic plasticity, to adjust to environmental stresses. This article hypothesizes that irradiance and nocturnal temperatures are the major limitations for CAM at higher latitudes such as the Azores (37°45'N). Circadian CAM expression in Ananas comosus L. Merr. (pineapple) was assessed by the diurnal pattern of leaf carbon fixation into l‐malate at the solstices and equinoxes, and confirmed by determining maximal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity in plant material. Metabolic adjustments to environmental conditions were confirmed by gas exchange measurements, and integrated with environmental data to determine CAM's limiting factors: light and temperature. CAM plasticity was observed at the equinoxes, under similar photoperiods, but different environmental conditions. In spring, CAM expression was similar between vegetative and flowering plants, while in autumn, flowering (before anthesis) and fructifying (with fully developed fruit before ripening) plants accumulated more l‐malate. Below 100 µmol m−2 s−1, CAM phase I was extended, reducing CAM phase III during the day. Carbon fixation inhibition may occur by two major pathways: nocturnal temperature (<15°C) inhibiting PEPC activity and l‐malate accumulation; and low irradiance influencing the interplay between CAM phase I and III, affecting carboxylation and decarboxylation. Both have important consequences for plant development in autumn and winter. Observations were confirmed by flowering time prediction using environmental data, emphasizing that CAM expression had a strong seasonal regulation due to a complex network response to light and temperature, allowing pineapple to survive in environments not suitable for high productivity.
Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing Analysis of Quorum Sensing-Controlled Regulons in the Plant-Associated Burkholderia glumae PG1 Strain
Authors: Gao Rong , Krysciak Dagmar , Petersen Katrin , Utpatel Christian , Knapp Andreas , Schmeisser Christel , Daniel Rolf , Voget Sonja , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Streit Wolfgang R. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia glumae
PG1 is a soil-associated motile plant-pathogenic bacterium possessing a cell density-dependent regulation system called quorum sensing (QS). Its genome contains three genes, here designated
bgaI1
to
bgaI3
, encoding distinct autoinducer-1 (AI-1) synthases, which are capable of synthesizing QS signaling molecules. Here, we report on the construction of
B. glumae
PG1 Δ
bgaI1
, Δ
bgaI2
, and Δ
bgaI3
mutants, their phenotypic characterization, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Knockout of each of these
bgaI
genes resulted in strongly decreased motility, reduced extracellular lipase activity, a reduced ability to cause plant tissue maceration, and decreased pathogenicity. RNA-seq analysis of all three
B. glumae
PG1 AI-1 synthase mutants performed in the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase revealed differential expression of a significant number of predicted genes. In comparison with the levels of gene expression by wild-type strain
B. glumae
PG1, 481 genes were differentially expressed in the Δ
bgaI1
mutant, 213 were differentially expressed in the Δ
bgaI2
mutant, and 367 were differentially expressed in the Δ
bgaI3
mutant. Interestingly, only a minor set of 78 genes was coregulated in all three mutants. The majority of the QS-regulated genes were linked to metabolic activities, and the most pronounced regulation was observed for genes involved in rhamnolipid and Flp pilus biosynthesis and the type VI secretion system and genes linked to a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-
cas
gene cluster.