bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freezing stress tolerance of benthic freshwater diatoms from the genus Pinnularia: Comparison of strains from polar, alpine, and temperate habitats
Authors: Hejduková Eva , Kollár Jan , Nedbalová Linda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiatoms are among the most important primary producers in alpine and polar freshwaters. Although temperate diatoms are sensitive to freezing, polar diatoms often exhibit more resistance. This is particularly true for members of the (predominantly terrestrial) Pinnularia borealis species complex. However, it remains unclear to what extent this resistance applies to other representatives of the genus. Here, we compare the freezing‐stress tolerance of 11 freshwater, benthic strains representing different species of Pinnularia (including Caloneis) from polar, alpine, and temperate habitats. As vegetative cells, strains were exposed to freezing temperatures of −4, −10, −20, −40, −80, and −196°C. Survival was assessed by light microscopy and photosynthetic measurements. We observed vegetative cells to be sensitive to low freezing temperatures; only “mild” freezing was survived by all tested strains, and most tested strains did not survive treatments ≤−10°C. However, individual strain sensitivities appeared related to their original habitats. For example, polar and alpine strains better withstood “mild” and “moderate” freezing (−4 and −10°C, respectively); although temperate strains were significantly affected by the “mild” freezing treatment, polar and alpine strains were not. The −10°C treatment was survived exclusively by polar strains, and only P. catenaborealis survived all treatments. Interestingly, this species exhibited the lowest survival in the −10°C treatment, potentially implying some metabolic activity even at freezing temperatures. Thus, despite more extensive sampling throughout the genus and finer temperature scaling compared to previous studies, the remarkable freezing‐stress tolerance of the P. borealis species complex remains unique within the genus.
Severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children: Is it still a mystery? What role does adenovirus play?
Authors: Stasi Cristina , Pacifici Martina , Puglia Monia , Voller Fabio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn March 31, 2022, severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin was first reported from the Royal Glasgow Children's Hospital in Scotland. According to the criteria by WHO‐ECDC, a probable case of unknown acute hepatitis in children is defined as a subject under 16 years of age, who tested negative for viral hepatitis and transaminases >500 U/L, starting from the 1st of October 2021. WHO invites Member States to participate in the global effort to collect anonymized clinical data on probable cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology. As of May 26, 2021, 650 cases were already registered on the platform worldwide, of whom at least 38 cases have required liver transplants. Several hypotheses such as previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or coinfection or infection with another virus were examined and a strong association was found between adenovirus (41F) and acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology cases. This review article summarizes the global epidemiological evidences on acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children, analysing their incidence and characteristics.
Flavour improvement in early generations of fresh market tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): II. Response to breeders' sensory and marker‐assisted selection
Authors: Hagenguth Julia , Kanski Larissa , Kahle Hannah , Becker Heiko C. , Horneburg Bernd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFresh market tomatoes are often characterized by poor flavour. Flavour is a quantitative trait difficult to assess and often neglected in breeding. Classical sensory methods are not suitable for the evaluation of early segregating generations; simple physicochemical measurements are not sufficient to predict perceived aroma. Alternative selection methods are needed, such as the recently introduced Breeders' Sensory Test or marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two unrelated crosses were chosen to evaluate the efficiency of phenotypic selection with the Breeders' Sensory Test (breeders' sensory selection, BS) and MAS for five quantitative trait loci for sweetness, sourness and tomato aroma (mapped in ‘Resi’ × ‘Auriga’) in organic low‐input and hydroponic cultivation. Selection for sensory attributes reduced fruit weight, emphasizing the challenge of breeding flavourful, large‐fruited tomatoes. Both selection methods were more effective in ‘Roterno F1‘× ‘Black Cherry’ derived from more distant parents. A trend towards higher efficiency of MAS in early segregating generations was observed for sweetness and tomato aroma. However, a major advantage of BS is its universal applicability. To improve flavour, combining both methods is recommended.
Growing in phosphorus‐impoverished habitats in south‐western Australia: How general are phosphorus‐acquisition and ‐allocation strategies among Proteaceae, Fabaceae and Myrtaceae species?
Authors: Shen Qi , Ranathunge Kosala , de Tombeur Félix , Finnegan Patrick M. , Lambers Hans 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous phosphorus (P)‐acquisition and ‐utilisation strategies have evolved in plants growing in severely P‐impoverished environments. Although these strategies have been well characterised for certain taxa, like Proteaceae, P‐poor habitats are characterised by a high biodiversity, and we know little about how species in other families cope with P scarcity. We compared the P‐acquisition and leaf P‐allocation strategies of Fabaceae and Myrtaceae with those of Proteaceae growing in the same severely P‐impoverished habitat. Myrtaceae and Fabaceae exhibited multiple P‐acquisition strategies: P‐mining by carboxylates or phosphatases, P uptake facilitated by carboxylate‐releasing neighbours, and dependence on the elevated soil P availability after fire. Surprisingly, not all species showed high photosynthetic P‐use efficiency (PPUE). Highly P‐efficient species showed positive correlations between PPUE and the proportion of metabolite P (enzyme substrates), and negative correlations between PPUE and phospholipids (cellular membranes) and nucleic acid P (mostly ribosomal RNA), while we found no correlations in less P‐efficient species. Overall, we found that Myrtaceae and Fabaceae used a wider range of strategies than Proteaceae to cope with P scarcity, at both the rhizosphere and leaf level. This knowledge is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms underlying plant survival in severely nutrient‐impoverished biodiverse ecosystems.
The Secretome of Adult Murine Hookworms Is Shaped by Host Expression of STAT6
Authors: Ferguson Annabel A. , Rossi Heather L. , Herbert De’Broski R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTCo‐evolutionary adaptation of hookworms with their mammalian hosts has been selected for immunoregulatory excretory/secretory (E/S) products. However, it is not known whether, or if so, how host immunological status impacts the secreted profile of hematophagous adult worms. This study interrogated the impact of host Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) expression during the experimental evolution of hookworms through the sequential passage of the life cycle in either STAT6 deficient or WT C57BL/6 mice. Proteomic analysis of E/S products by LC–MS showed increased abundance of 15 proteins, including myosin‐3, related to muscle function, and aconitate hydratase, related to iron homeostasis. However, most E/S proteins (174 of 337 unique identities) were decreased, including those in the Ancylostoma‐secreted protein (ASP) category, and metallopeptidases. Several identified proteins are established immune‐modulators such as fatty acid‐binding protein homologue, cystatin, and acetylcholinesterase. Enrichment analysis of InterPro functional categories showed down‐regulation of Cysteine‐rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis‐related 1 proteins (CAP), Astacin‐like metallopeptidase, Glycoside hydrolase, and Transthyretin‐like protein groups in STAT6 KO‐adapted worms. Taken together, these data indicate that in an environment lacking Type 2 immunity, hookworms alter their secretome by reducing immune evasion proteins‐ and increasing locomotor‐ and feeding‐associated proteins.
Melon CmRLCK VII‐8 kinase genes CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30 and CmRLCK34 modulate resistance against bacterial and fungal diseases in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wen Ya , Wang Fahao , Wang Hui , Bi Yan , Yan Yuqing , Noman Muhammad , Li Dayong , Song Fengming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReceptor‐like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) represent a distinct class of receptor‐like kinases crucial for various aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, and stress responses. This study delves into the characterization of RLCK VII‐8 members within cucurbits, particularly in melon, examining both structural features and the phylogenetic relationships of these genes/proteins. The investigation extends to their potential involvement in disease resistance by employing ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. The promoters of CmRLCK VII‐8 genes harbor multiple phytohormone‐ and stress‐responsive cis‐acting elements, with the majority (excluding CmRLCK39) displaying upregulated expression in response to defense hormones and fungal infection. Subcellular localization studies reveal that CmRLCK VII‐8 proteins predominantly reside on the plasma membrane, with CmRLCK29 and CmRLCK30 exhibiting additional nuclear distribution. Notably, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CmRLCK30 manifest dwarfing and delayed flowering phenotypes. Overexpression of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in Arabidopsis imparts enhanced resistance against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, concomitant with the strengthened expression of defense genes and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The CmRLCK VII‐8 members actively participate in chitin‐ and flg22‐triggered immune responses. Furthermore, CmRLCK30 interacts with CmMAPKKK1 and CmARFGAP, adding a layer of complexity to the regulatory network. In summary, this functional characterization underscores the regulatory roles of CmRLCK27, CmRLCK30, and CmRLCK34 in immune responses by influencing pathogen‐induced defense gene expression and ROS accumulation.
The promise and challenges of genomics‐informed periodontal disease diagnoses
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Divaris Kimon , Lu Emily Ming‐Chieh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advances in human genomics and the advent of molecular medicine have catapulted our ability to characterize human and health and disease. Scientists and healthcare practitioners can now leverage information on genetic variation and gene expression at the tissue or even individual cell level, and an enormous potential exists to refine diagnostic categories, assess risk in unaffected individuals, and optimize disease management among those affected. This review investigates the progress made in the domains of molecular medicine and genomics as they relate to periodontology. The review summarizes the current evidence of association between genomics and periodontal diseases, including the current state of knowledge that approximately a third of the population variance of periodontitis may be attributable to genetic variation and the management of several monogenic forms of the disease can be augmented by knowledge of the underlying genetic cause. Finally, the paper discusses the potential utility of polygenic risk scores and genetic testing for periodontitis diagnosis now and in the future, in light of applications that currently exist in other areas of medicine and healthcare.
“It shouldn't be just hush‐hush”: A qualitative community‐based study of menstrual health communication among women in Philadelphia
Authors: Casola Allison R. , Medley Lynette , Kunes Brianna C. , McGlone Nya , Silverio Alexis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough menstruation is a natural biological process, many people feel embarrassed of their menses and struggle to discuss it. To mitigate menstrual communication stigma, it is necessary to first elucidate communication experiences and perceptions. Thus, we qualitatively explore menstrual communication among cisgender women who menstruate and their family, friends, healthcare providers, and community.MethodologyIn partnership with No More Secrets (NMS), a Philadelphia menstrual health non‐profit, we conducted a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) project in Fall 2020. Cisgender, menstruating individuals ages 18–45 recruited from NMS' catchment in Philadelphia participated in semi‐structured interviews about their menstrual experiences and communication (N = 20). A deductive, theory‐driven approached based on the social‐ecological model was used to analyze the data.ResultsVarying emotional responses arose across social‐ecological levels: communication was awkward and simplistic with family; positive and supportive with friends and community members; and uncomfortable and frustrating with healthcare providers. Participants echoed the importance of menstrual communication as a means of sharing information, feeling less alone, and decreasing menstrual stigma.DiscussionFindings can inform future CBPR workshops that address stigma in familial, healthcare, and community‐based discussions to improve menstrual health and experiences for cisgender girls and women, transgender men, and gender non‐binary individuals who menstruate.
The role of object ownership on online inhibition in peripersonal space
Authors: Lenglart Lucie , Roger Clémence , Sampaio Adriana , Coello Yann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeripersonal space (PPS), as opposed to extrapersonal space (EPS), refers to the area surrounding the body within which individuals interact with objects or conspecifics. However, objects in PPS can belong to oneself or to others, which was found to influence how these objects are encoded. We analyzed the performances of motor responses in a reachability judgment task concerning self‐owned and other‐owned objects (cups) presented in PPS or EPS. EMG activities were recorded on the thumbs (flexor pollicis brevis) to detect correct and erroneous motor activations. Behavioral data showed that motor responses were shorter and longer for self‐owned cups compared to other‐owned cups in PPS and EPS, respectively. Ten percent of trials showed initial response errors, which were higher in the EPS for self‐owned cups and in the PPS for other‐owned cups. Eighty‐two percent of these errors were corrected online, with corrections being more efficient for self‐owned cups in the PPS. Overall, the data revealed that reachability judgments were faster and more accurate in the PPS, with more efficient inhibition processes in the presence of motor errors. Motor selection and correction are thus modulated by the social context of object ownership, highlighting the specific role of the PPS in encoding self‐relevant objects for action.
Rejecting norms of standing for private blame
Authors: Johansson Werkmäster Marta , Werkmäster Jakob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe argue that we should be sceptical towards the claim that there is such a thing as the standing to blame someone privately, understood in terms of holding the attitude of blame. Key features of the idea about standing to blame do not apply to private blame. For example, we argue that private blame is not the exercise of some normative power, and it is not even pro tanto wrong for a hypocrite to privately blame a blameworthy agent. Thus, contrary to the prevailing sentiment, it is doubtful that there are conditions of standing for private blame. Importantly, our conclusions leave the idea of standing to blame intact when it comes to overt blame, which is understood as something voluntary.
Immigration and the economic performance of countries
Authors: Roupakias Stelios , Chletsos Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper provides cross‐country evidence on the relationship between immigration‐induced diversity and economic performance, as evaluated by the Economic Fitness metric. To address endogeneity concerns, we use gravity‐based predictors of migrant diversity as a source of exogenous variation. Using data for 129 countries over the period 1990–2000, we show that migration induces a sizable positive effect on the counties' Fitness. Interestingly, we provide evidence that the spillovers from diversity are mainly felt by middle‐income countries. Our findings are robust to the use of data from alternative sources, estimation methods, and an extensive set of contemporaneous and historical controls. Importantly, we also establish the validity of the results using time‐varying, gravity instruments and conventional panel data regressions.
“People that are Supporting [the] Whole Sector are on their Knees”; Uncertainty and Socioeconomic Change are Occupational Stressors for Irish Farmers☆
Authors: Firnhaber Joseph , Malone Sandra M. , O'Hagan Anna Donnla , O'Keeffe Sinéad , McNamara John , O'Connor Siobhán 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFarming is a stressful occupation with many farmers facing daily uncertainty and high mental health risks. In addition to unpredictable occupations, rapidly changing European and Irish agricultural policies may put farmers in a liminal state. We aimed to identify sources of occupational stress or well‐being for Irish farmers, particularly regarding change in their lives and communities. We collected data online through semistructured interviews with 17 farmers and 1 interview and 3 focus groups with 11 farming stakeholders. We identified four central narratives (N1‐4) through narrative analysis. In N1, participants described how rapid changes could create stress by exacerbating uncertainty and threatening farmers' financial security. Participants described how these changes to standards for “good farming” (N2) and rural culture (N3) result in lost income, identity, and well‐being. In N4, participants identified ways in which work of farming can be therapeutic. Our findings add to literature on the impacts of uncertainty and liminality on farmers by identifying how deeply changes in agricultural models can impact farmers' identities and well‐being as they grapple with new and old occupational pressures. We suggest that economic policy and agricultural governance prioritize farmers' financial security and mental health through policy change and acknowledge their valuable contributions.
MicroRNA hsa‐let‐7e‐5p in hUC‐MSC‐EVs alleviates oral mucositis by targeting TAB2
Authors: Lin Shuting , Lai Dong , Tian Yan , Lai Fei , Long Min , Ji Changfu , Hao Gengxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOral mucositis (OM) is a severe side effect of anti‐cancer therapy, with limited available treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have demonstrated effective protection against OM. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In the current study, we purified EVs secreted by human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC‐MSC‐EVs) and investigated their role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced human oral keratinocytes (HOKs). We observed that treatment with hUC‐MSC‐EVs significantly reduced the inflammatory response of HOKs to LPS induction. Through small RNA‐seq using miRNAs extracted from hUC‐MSC‐EVs, we identified hsa‐let‐7e‐5p as one of the most highly expressed miRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis data indicated that hsa‐let‐7e‐5p may inhibit the NF‐κB signalling pathway by targeting TAB2. Overexpression of the hsa‐let‐7e‐5p inhibitor significantly attenuated the anti‐inflammatory effect of hUC‐MSC‐EVs in LPS‐induced HOKs, which could be reversed by the knockdown of TAB2. In addition, we administered hUC‐MSC‐EVs in a hamster model for OM and observed that these EVs alleviated OM phenotypes. Taken together, our observations suggest that hsa‐let‐7e‐5p in hUC‐MSC‐EVs could protect the oral mucosa from OM by repressing TAB2 expression.
Defining and developing operational psychology competency
Authors: Staal Mark 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionEstablishing competency in new or emerging areas of psychological practice is always difficult. For practitioners of operational psychology, it is even more challenging due to the requirement for highly specialized skills, novel applications, and the fact that many organizations employing operational psychologists operate in classified or sensitive settings. Despite the ethical obligation to do so, operational psychologists may face challenges in establishing and maintaining their credentials and competency.MethodsThis article outlines the core competencies of operational psychology based on the extant literature, provides case examples illustrating their application, and identifies recommendations for training and consultation necessary for establishing and maintaining competence.DiscussionGiven the scarcity of current training opportunities, limited mentorship, and the lack of training standards, many operational psychologists may develop only some, but not all, of their specialty's core competencies. Furthermore, establishing and maintaining competency may take years of post‐graduate study and experience for most practitioners.ResultsTo accelerate this process and codify core competencies and training standards, the formation of an operational psychology society or association may be necessary. Such actions could create a collective agency among practitioners, securing advocacy for the needs and equities of this practice community, and advancing its policies, practices, and scholarship.
Aspects of a logical theory of assertion and inference
Authors: Klev Ansten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim here is to investigate assertion and inference as notions of logic. Assertion will be explained in terms of its purpose, which is to give interlocutors the right to request the assertor to do a certain task. The assertion is correct if, and only if, the assertor knows how to do this task. Inference will be explained as an assertion equipped with what I shall call a justification profile, a strategy for making good on the assertion. The inference is valid if, and only if, correctness is preserved from the premiss assertions to the conclusion assertion. Most of this is a spelling out of views on assertion and inference presented by Per Martin‐Löf in lectures since 2015.
Balancing roles between phosphatidylinositols and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2
Authors: Thulasi Devendrakumar Karen , Herrfurth Cornelia , Yeap Mikaela , Peng Tony ShengZhe , Feussner Ivo , Li Xin 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYPlant immune regulation is complex. In addition to proteins, lipid molecules play critical roles in modulating immune responses. The mutant pi4kβ1,2 is mutated in two phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases PI4Kβ1 and β2 involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P). The mutant displays autoimmunity, short roots, aberrant root hairs, and a heightened sensitivity to ER stress. In a forward genetic screen designed to dissect pi4kβ1,2 autoimmunity, we found that Orosomucoid‐like 1 (ORM1) is required for the phenotypes of pi4kβ1,2, including short root and ER stress sensitivity. The orm1 mutations lead to increased long‐chain base and ceramide levels in the suppressors. We also found that the basic region/leucine Zipper motif (bZIP) 28 and 60 transcription factors, central regulators of ER stress response, are required for its autoimmunity and root defect. In comparison, the defense‐related phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) are required for its autoimmunity but plays a minor role in its root phenotypes. Further, we found that wild‐type plants overexpressing ORM1 are autoimmune, displaying short roots and increased ceramide levels. The autoimmunity of the ORM1 overexpression lines is dependent on SA, NHP, and bZIP60. As ORM1 is a known negative regulator of sphingolipid biosynthesis, our study uncovers a balancing role between PIs and sphingolipids in regulating immunity and ER stress responses in pi4kβ1,2.