bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Undergraduate Research and the Advanced Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory
Authors: Inglefield Colin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTI will present a model for a complementary relationship between an undergraduate research program and the undergraduate teaching laboratory in materials science. One clear example is using the teaching laboratory to prepare students to do more independent undergraduate research by emphasizing appropriate skills and knowledge, but there are several others. Undergraduate researchers can work with faculty to develop novel experiments and apparatus that can be used in the teaching laboratory. Undergraduates can gain working knowledge of common research techniques and equipment within their program. The ideas should be applicable to any institution placing a priority on undergraduate research and undergraduate education.
The application of infrared thermo-camera in testing of silicon-based thin-film solar cells
Authors: Han Meiying , Zhu Yonghong , Xie，Xiangqi Luo Xishun , Tang Liangneng , Tan Yiping 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThermo-camera is employed here to analyze kinds of quality abnormal and improve production process during manufacture procedure of silicon-based thin-film solar modules. It shows that thermo-camera device can help engineers to solve problem of production line quickly and accurately, and save the manpower and financial resources at the same time.
Investigation of Ferroelectric Polymer Langmuir Film Properties
Authors: Reece Timothy J. , Behn Wyatt A. , Sanabria-Díaz Adrián 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThin films of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) copolymers have been incorporated within ferroelectric field effect transistors, all organic thin film transistor devices (OTFTs), piezoelectric actuators, and recently proposed as the ferroelectric layer in a promising multiferroic tunnel junction configuration [1]. The properties of most of these devices would benefit from reduced thickness and better thickness control of the ferroelectric layer during device processing.A proven means for fabricating ultrathin films of the PVDF copolymer is the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. This technique involves dissolving the polymer in a volatile solvent which is then dispersed dropwise onto a purified water subphase, leaving an ultrathin layer of the copolymer on the water surface. The ability to control the thickness on the molecular level is the most prominent feature of this technique.In some early studies [2], the minimum thickness of these films was found to be about 5 Angstroms, or roughly the same thickness as the intermolecular spacing of the all-trans β phase for the ferroelectric polymers. Later studies have led to the fabrication of films composed of thicker transfer steps: ∼ 1.8 nm per deposition [3]. The discrepancy is likely explained by the nature of the VDF molecule: it is not an amphiphile.In this study, we further investigate the properties of Langmuir films of ferroelectric copolymers and discuss the observation of an apparent monolayer phase transition based on abrupt changes observed in the compressibility of the films. The main goal of this project is to discover the extent to which the device properties (like transfer step thickness) of PVDF films can be modified through processing conditions.
On the Stability and Reactivity of Redox Shuttles in Their Neutral and Radical Cation Forms
Authors: Odom Susan A. , Casselman Matthew , Kaur Aman Preet , Ergun Selin , Zhang Naijao 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe performance of aromatic compounds as redox shuttles for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries is quite variable and is often difficult to predict. Redox shuttles may decompose in battery electrolyte in their neutral and radical cation forms, both of which are present during overcharge protection. While hundreds of compounds have been evaluated as redox shuttle candidates and a few have stood out as top performers, the reasons for increased stability over similar candidates with slightly different structures is often unclear, and the exploration of decomposition of redox shuttles has been severely limited, restricting our ability to design improved versions of redox shuttles that do not suffer from the same reactions in lithium-ion batteries. To better understand the stability and reactivity of redox shuttles (also relevant to the improvement of positive electrode materials in non-aqueous redox flow batteries) our research has focused on measuring the stability of neutral and oxidized forms of redox shuttle candidates as well as using a variety of spectroscopic methods to analyze the byproducts of decomposition, both from radical cations generated in model solvents and electrolytes from postmortem analysis of failed batteries.
Dirofilaria-repens-Befall bei einem Hund aus Mitteldeutschland ohne Reisevorbericht
Authors: Daugschies A. , Dyachenko V. , Härtwig V. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungBei einem mit Dyspnoe und Fieber vorgestellten Mischlingshund wurde nach Thoraxpunktion ein Pyothorax diagnostiziert und als Zufallsbefund eine Mikrofilarie festgestellt. Die durchgeführten diagnostischen Tests bestätigten eine Infektion mit Dirofilaria repens, die wahrscheinlich autochthon in Mitteldeutschland stattfand. Die im Abstand von 4 Wochen angewandte Therapie mit Moxidectin über 6 Monate erwies sich nach regelmäßiger Kontrolle als erfolgreich. Der Fallbericht zeigt, dass Dirofilaria-repens-Infektionen in Deutschland auftreten können und erfolgreich zu therapieren sind.
Transient renal Fanconi syndrome in a Chihuahua exposed to Chinese chicken jerky treats
Authors: Furman E. , Leidinger J. , Brandstetter D. , Hochleithner C. , Sewell A. C. , Leidinger E. , Giger U. , Hooijberg E. H. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTransient Fanconi syndrome without azotemia was diagnosed in a dog and was associated with ingestion of Chinese chicken jerky treats. Fanconi syndrome is a proximal renal tubular defect and a diagnosis was made based upon severe glucosuria with normoglycemia, and severe generalized aminoaciduria. The clinical signs of polyuria and polydipsia as well as the massive urinary metabolic abnormalities resolved after jerky treat withdrawal. While frequently seen in North America and Australia, this is the first report of jerky treat induced Fanconi syndrome in continental Europe. Clinicians should be aware of this potential intoxication and be vigilant for a history of jerky treat consumption in a dog with glucosuria.
DEPENDENCE OF GRAIN SIZE OF AUSTENITE STEEL OF RAILWAY WHEEL FROM PARAMETERS OF HOT DEFORMATION
Authors: Vakulenko L. I. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose. The estimation of heat temperature influence and degree of hot reduction of carbon steel on the size of grain аustenite at making of railway wheels. Methodology. The material for research was carbon steel, mark 60 with carbon content of 0,55 and 0,65 %, selected from the fragments of railway wheels. The size of grain аustenite depending on a temperature (from 800 to 1 150 ºC) and degrees of hot deformation (10−50 %) was determined. The size of grain was determined under a light microscope with the use of quantitative metallography methods. Findings. The use of cooling in the process of hot reduction of the railway wheel will allow dispergating the structure of аustenite on large distances from the surface of the rim. The reason for this is that the volumes of metal after cooling have an increased strength and will be exposed in less degree to the plastic deformation. To compare the cooling layers near-by with the surface of rim, they are more warmed-up in internal volumes of metal. In the conditions of continuity of plastic deformation distribution, having a high temperature, they will be exposed to the reduction on the large total degree of deformation. In consequence of the resulted decisions more even austenitic structure must be formed on the section of rim of railway wheel. To obtain the effect of disperse grain of аustenite at making of the whole-rolled railway wheels it is necessary to decrease the heat temperature of billet under rolling or increase the degree of reduction on the lasts stages of shape-generating deformation. The pause by duration of 1,5 min. after reduction of 20 % at a temperature 950 ºC is sufficiently for processes completion of dynamic and static recrystalization of аustenite carbon steel of the railway wheel. Originality. Increase of plastic deformation degree, especially in the central volumes of rim is accompanied by the decrease of heterogeneity of austenitic structure on his section. The mechanism of disperse structure of аustenite is based on slow down of development processes of recrystallization in carbon steel at the metal reduction temperature decrease of elements in the railway wheel when they are formed on a rolling mill. Practical value. Temperature decrease of hot reduction of billets in the conditions of flatting mill from 1240−1260 ºC to 1 150 ºC is accompanied by decrease of size grain of аustenite from a 0−1 mark to 2−5 in the different elements of the railway wheel.
Successful immune tolerance in two children with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Leenders Bert 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Haemophilia A is an X-linked congenital bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII (FVIII). Therapy to prevent or treat bleeding is by replacement of the missing FVIII. However, as a consequence of treatment, patients with HA may develop inhibitory IgG antibodies to FVIII, termed “inhibitors”. When this occurs, treatment becomes more complex and costly and morbidity increases. Inhibitor formation, occurring in up to 36% of patients with severe HA, is currently one of the most significant complications affecting patients with HA [1,2]. In these two case studies, the management of bleeds in patients with inhibitors, and the long-term inhibitor eradication will be discussed.
The role of the European haemophilia nurse
Authors: Schrijvers Liesbeth , Bedford Martin , Elfvinge Petra , Andritschke Karin , Leenders Bert , Harrington Christine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: A broad scoping exercise was undertaken to assess and quantify haemophilia nursing care in Europe. Methods: A web-based survey in English was sent to known networks of haemophilia nurses working in Europe. This survey included questions concerning the haemophilia treatment centre, educational level, work activities, gaining knowledge/ expertise and development in the future. Results: In total, 94 nurses in 14 countries in Europe completed the survey. Overall, the majority (62%) of the nurses had over 20 years’ nursing experience, with 44% having more than 10 years’ experience in haemophilia. The educational level varied; with highest educational level of attainment being 41% at nondegree level nursing entry qualification, 35% BSc and 24% MSc. 21% worked in a centre where they treat only children, 26% only adults and 53% both. All had good access to treatment. The core activities (rated >80%) of a haemophilia nurse were: prepare and administer medication, venepuncture and CVADuse (except cannulation), providing education and telephone advice, coordination of (multidisciplinary) care and assistance with clinical trials. Furthermore, 35% stated that they initiated and performed nurse-led research. In the future, almost all nurses would like to develop their expertise and knowledge base by studying at Masters level and above, to have more responsibility, and to conduct research. Conclusion: This scoping exercise provides a baseline assessment of haemophilia nursing across Europe. The results may provide a basis for a more thorough investigation of the current role and the principles of haemophilia nursing care; future opportunities, and the training requirements to develop the specialty.
IM botulinum toxin-A improves ambulation in severe haemophilia and cerebral palsy
Authors: Bladen Melanie , Edwards Karen , Khair Kate , Main Eleanor 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The use of BtA in spasticity management is well documented in the literature for the management of hypertonicity in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: We report a case of a 2-year-old boy with severe haemophilia and cerebral palsy who received intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin-A (BtA) to reduce his spastic diplegia lower limb hypertonicity. Results: Following treatment, clinical and formal assessments demonstrated positive changes in ambulation, tolerance of orthotics, functional abilities and musculoskeletal range of movement and no adverse bleeding side effects. Conclusion: The use of BtA should be considered for the management of hypertonicity in children with haemophilia and cerebral palsy.
HaemophiliaLIVE: an ethnographic study on the impact of haemophilia on daily life
Authors: Khair Kate , Phillott Anica , Loran Christine , Pollard Debra , Forrester Claire , Alavian Sharon , Hook Susan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Haemophilia causes joint, muscle and soft tissue bleeds, often leading to pain and disability. These effects can have a significant impact on patients’ well-being and quality of life. There is a need to better understand patient priorities and concerns so that haemophilia healthcare professionals can develop strategies to meet these needs with individuals and their families. Methods: The HaemophiliaLIVE ethnographic study enrolled 16 families from four comprehensive care centres in the UK. Each family received a kit consisting of video recording equipment, seven sealed envelopes each containing a “secret question” and pre-paid envelopes for secure return of the video memory cards. Video footage was recorded daily to examine the impact of haemophilia. Results: Over 30 hours of recorded footage was obtained from 10 families with children/young adults, two young adults, and three older men. Six participants had a current inhibitor. The key themes identified were impact on: family relationships, school, employment and travel. The older participants and those with inhibitors reported that pain was a major factor in their day-to-day lives, and also expressed fear about loss of mobility and pending surgery. Although parents expressed anger and sadness about their child’s haemophilia, those with haemophilia were generally positive about their life experiences. Many reported that their employers were understanding and made additional provision for their haemophilia. Conclusions: Haemophilia has a significant impact on patients and their families. This research provides insight on the support needs of individuals and families.
Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets
Authors: Mance Davor , Vretenar Nenad , Katunar Jana 
Published: May 2015

Sixty years ago, Samuelson’s “Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” expounded the classification of goods, and Bain’s “Economies of Scale, Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries” expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. To the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classify goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify market structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospective sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costs themselves induce subadditivities, specialization and convexity of the marginal rate of technical substitution. Opportunity costs in consumption are determined by the marginal costs of replacement. In light of the recent Nobel price award to Jean Tirole, we revisit some of the forgotten discussions and clarify some of the terminology under a more economic framework of opportunity costs.
The Association Between Thalassemia Major and Periodontal Health
Authors: Akcalı Aliye , Kahraman Çeneli Selda , Gümüş Pınar , Buduneli Nurcan , Lappin David F. , Özçaka Özgün 
Published: May 2015

Background: The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to compare the local and systemic levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL), B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8 in biofluids of patients with thalassemia major (TM) with or without gingivitis.Methods: Seventy‐seven patients are included in this study (TM, n = 29; systemically healthy, n = 48). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, sRANKL, OPG, BAFF, and APRIL were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by appropriate non‐parametric or parametric statistical tests.Results: Median GCF, serum, and saliva levels for BAFF (P <0.001) and IL‐6 and IL‐8 (P <0.005) were higher in TM gingivitis than in systemically healthy gingivitis (P <0.001). GCF, serum, and saliva levels for APRIL, sRANKL, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were higher in TM than in systemically and periodontally healthy comparison groups (P <0.05). Positive correlations were found between bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) scores, and GCF APRIL, serum sRANKL, serum OPG, and sRANKL concentrations in TM groups (P <0.05). Several significant positive correlations were found between BOP, PI scores, and biofluid parameters also in systemically healthy groups.Conclusion: TM may have a role in the underlying systemic hematologic condition and potentially affect gingival inflammation via dysregulation of lymphocytes and increased activation of osteoclasts.
Comparison of shear bond strength and bonding time of a novel flash-free bonding system
Authors: Lee Moonyoung , Kanavakis Georgios 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the bonding time, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive residue index (ARI) of APC(TM) Flash-Free bonding system.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into three groups (12 per group) and used for this in vitro study: group 1, APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated Appliance System; group 2, Clarity ADVANCED Ceramic Bracket pasted manually; group 3 (control group), 3M APC PLUS Adhesive prepasted brackets bonded with the extruded flash removed. Bonding time was measured using a stopwatch. Bond strength was measured using an Instron at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The ARI was graded on a scale from 1 to 5. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
It took significantly (P &lt; .001) less time to bond in the APC Flash-Free Adhesive group (30.7 ± 3.3 seconds) compared with the control group (41.8 ± 4.0 seconds) and the manual group (39.2 ± 2.8 seconds). The APC Flash-Free Adhesive coated bracket had significantly (P &lt; .001) greater SBS (13.7 ± 2.2 MPa) compared with the control group (10.8 ± 2.0 MPa) and the manual group (10.4 ± 1.4 MPa). The ARI was significantly (P &lt; .001) greater with the APC Flash-Free Adhesive coated bracket compared with that of the other two groups.

Conclusions:
Compared with other methods of bonding, the APC Flash-Free Adhesive Coated System can potentially reduce bonding time while increasing SBS.
Results of magnetic resonance imaging performed within 48 hours after head trauma in dogs and association with outcome: 18 cases (2007–2012)
Authors: Yanai Hadar , Tapia-Nieto Roberto , Cherubini Giunio B. , Caine Abby 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To review results of MRI performed within 48 hours after head trauma in dogs and identify associations between MRI findings and outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—18 dogs that underwent MRI within 48 hours after known head trauma.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, clinical findings, MRI findings, treatment, and outcome.
Results—2 dogs were euthanized, 1 died, and 1 had major persistent deficits. The remaining 14 dogs had a good outcome, including 9 that recovered completely and 5 that had minor persistent deficits. The most common MRI abnormalities were intra-axial changes (n = 13) and extra-axial hemorrhage (13). Intra-axial changes were best seen on T2-weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. A mass effect was detected in 9 dogs, 6 of which had a midline shift (mean, 2.18 mm). Three dogs had transtentorial herniation, and 2 had transcranial herniation. Extra-axial hemorrhage was best seen on FLAIR images. The most common location was subdural, with subdural extra-axial hemorrhage most often seen on the same side as the injury. Epidural hemorrhage was seen in 2 dogs. The affected area was larger in these dogs than in dogs with subdural hemorrhage. One dog required surgery and the other was euthanized.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in dogs with acute (< 48 hours’ duration) head trauma, T2-weighted and FLAIR images provided the most diagnostic information. Dogs with injuries affecting the caudal fossa or affecting both the rostral and caudal fossae typically had poorer outcomes.
The Use of the Development Index in the Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Conditions - Case Study
Authors: Boháč Zdeněk , Korban Zygmunt 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Both one- and multi-criteria tasks can be distinguished depending on the number of criteria being considered. Illustrated with an example of seven selected underground workplaces, each described by the set of 10 elements, this article discusses the possibilities to use the development index mi for determination of the workplaces which, in the light of the multi-criteria evaluation, are characterised by the worst and most favourable working conditions.
Quantification of the Hazard Due to Releases of Radioactive Substances in Accidents and Fires in Workplaces with Radioactive Sources
Authors: Hudzietzová Jana , Sabol Jozef 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the Czech Republic, under normal conditions, the radioactive sources are used transported and stored in accordance with the relevant regulations and instructions of the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS), which is the regulatory authority of the state administration. Its main task is to ensure adequate safety and protection of persons in accordance with current international standards and guidelines. However, if there is an incidence, accident, or other emergency, these circumstances require taking some specific measures aimed at minimizing the impact of such situations on human health and the environment. During a fire in the workplace, the radioactive sources can get out of control or radioactive substances may begin to leak into the environment. In these cases, it is necessary to evaluate the radiation situation by means of measurement and monitoring both the external radiation and radioactive contamination of the air and the surrounding environment. For this purpose, a system of quantities and units has been developed for this purpose. If the system is not used correctly, this may cause serious confusion in some cases. Inappropriate use of quantities may also result in some misunderstanding regarding the evaluation of the severity of the radiation situation. The paper gives an overview of the relevant quantities and units in accordance with the latest recommendations of international organizations which are active in this area.
Quantifying The Combustion Behavior of Polymers by the Combustion Efficiency with Regard to the Weighting of Fire Loads
Authors: Hahn Sarah-Katharina , Rost Michael , Krause Ulrich 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
For assessing fire loads in industrial buildings it is essential to quantify the burning behavior of materials as accurate as adequate. There for the combustion efficiency is used. To determine the combustion efficiency required energies and energy rates can be measured via Cone Calorimeter. Exemplified by two polymers, polyethylene and polymethylmethacrylate, these parameters are determined and analyzed with regard to the calculation of the combustion efficiency.