bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic collapse assessment of reinforced concrete moment frames using endurance time analysis
Authors: Tajmir Riahi Hossein , Amouzegar Hamed , Falsafioun Mehrdad 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this paper, seismic collapse of reinforced concrete moment frames is assessed using endurance time (ET) analysis. A set of 30 frames that incorporate deterioration of concrete components is used for this assessment. Application of ET method for collapse assessment of structures is explained, and its accuracy for this purpose is evaluated by comparing its results with incremental dynamic analysis results. Input motions for ET analysis are generated based on ASCE7‐05 design spectrum, and also accelerograms used for incremental dynamic analysis are spectrally matched to the same spectrum. Distribution of different engineering demand parameters over frames height and their values at collapse occurrence are compared for two methods. Results show that spectral accelerations in which collapse occurs in both analyses are very similar for most of the frames, and ET method can appropriately predict the collapse mechanisms of the structures especially for taller frames. Accuracy of ET method in collapse assessment of reinforced concrete moment frames is satisfactory, and this method can be used as a good estimator for study of collapse mechanisms with much less computational effort. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative ultrasound texture analysis of fetal lungs to predict neonatal respiratory morbidity
Authors: Bonet‐Carne E. , Palacio M. , Cobo T. , Perez‐Moreno A. , Lopez M. , Piraquive J. P. , Ramirez J. C. , Botet F. , Marques F. , Gratacos E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop and evaluate the performance of a novel method for predicting neonatal respiratory morbidity based on quantitative analysis of the fetal lung by ultrasound.MethodsMore than 13 000 non‐clinical images and 900 fetal lung images were used to develop a computerized method based on texture analysis and machine learning algorithms, trained to predict neonatal respiratory morbidity risk on fetal lung ultrasound images. The method, termed ‘quantitative ultrasound fetal lung maturity analysis’ (quantusFLM™), was then validated blindly in 144 neonates, delivered at 28 + 0 to 39 + 0 weeks' gestation. Lung ultrasound images in DICOM format were obtained within 48 h of delivery and the ability of the software to predict neonatal respiratory morbidity, defined as either respiratory distress syndrome or transient tachypnea of the newborn, was determined.ResultsMean (SD) gestational age at delivery was 36 + 1 (3 + 3) weeks. Among the 144 neonates, there were 29 (20.1%) cases of neonatal respiratory morbidity. Quantitative texture analysis predicted neonatal respiratory morbidity with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 86.2%, 87.0%, 62.5% and 96.2%, respectively.ConclusionsQuantitative ultrasound fetal lung maturity analysis predicted neonatal respiratory morbidity with an accuracy comparable to that of current tests using amniotic fluid. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Adaptive randomization for balancing over covariates
Authors: Hu Feifang , Hu Yanqing , Ma Zhenjun , Rosenberger William F. 
Published: June 2014

In controlled clinical trials, balanced allocation over covariates is often viewed as an essential component in ensuring valid treatment comparisons. Minimization, sometimes called ‘dynamic allocation’, or ‘covariate‐adaptive randomization’ has an advantage over stratified randomization, in that it is able to achieve balance over a large number of covariates when the sample size is small to medium. Despite its effectiveness, minimization has been questioned by regulatory agencies, mainly because of its increased complexity in practice and its potential impact on subsequent analysis. In recent years, however, with developments in clinical trials information technology, as well as advances in statistical theory, the attitudes toward minimization have evolved. In its 2013 draft guidelines, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) provided instructive guidelines for the implementation of minimization. In this paper we review the broad class of methods that belong to minimization, including its original forms for balancing over covariate margins and its generalization to balancing over other subgroups of interest or over continuous covariates. Moreover, we review the theoretical development in recent years, including the large‐sample properties of balance under minimization, the impact of minimization on inference for different data types, and on suitable randomization tests.WIREs Comput Stat2014, 6:288–303. doi: 10.1002/wics.1309This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Clinical Trials
Surveillance for Low‐Grade Dysplastic Barrett’s Oesophagus: One Size Fits All?
Authors: Zaninotto Giovanni , Bennett Cathy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the role of low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) as a marker of progression in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). Albeit with its limits due to the difficulty of its diagnosis and the low agreement among pathologists, LGD remains the most relevant single prognostic factor of progression, and, when the diagnosis is confirmed by two or three pathologists, the chances of progression to high‐grade dysplasia or invasive adenocarcinoma are as high as 40 %. On the other hand, BO patients who remain dysplasia free at several follow‐up examinations seem to have a very low likelihood of progression. The diagnosis of LGD should be confirmed by two pathologists, and surveillance programs should be tailored depending on the presence or persistent absence of LGD. Ablative therapy should be also considered for cases where LGD persists in a series of follow‐ups.
Exomsequenzierung zur Identifizierung von Krankheitsgenen für seltene Syndrome
Authors: Kortüm F. , Abdollahpour H. , Alawi M. , Korenke G.C. , Seemanova E. , Tinschert S. , Zenker M. , Rosenberger G. , Kutsche K. 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Exomanalyse ist als Methode zur Identifizierung von pathogenen Sequenzvarianten bei Patienten mit einem nach den mendelschen Regeln vererbten Krankheitsbild nicht mehr wegzudenken. Sie bildet umfassend die codierenden Sequenzen eines Genoms ab und ist schnell und kostengünstig.

Problemstellung
Da die technischen Schwierigkeiten bei der Durchführung der Exomsequenzierung inzwischen weitgehend gelöst sind, stellt die Auswertung der großen Datenmenge und somit das Finden der pathogenen Sequenzvariante inmitten 10.000er Sequenzabweichungen die eigentliche Herausforderung dar. Dies kann nur mithilfe einer bioinformatischen Filterung der Daten erfolgen, die jeweils unter Berücksichtigung der in die Analyse einbezogenen Patienten und Familienmitglieder sowie des wahrscheinlichsten Erbganges angepasst werden muss.

Lösungsansätze
Anhand von 4 Fallbeispielen werden verschiedene Priorisierungsstrategien für die Filterung der Sequenzvarianten vorgestellt, die jeweils zur Identifikation der wahrscheinlich pathogenen Veränderung bei dem jeweiligen Indexpatienten geführt haben.
Einführung in die Grundlagen der Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung
Authors: Neveling K. , Hoischen A. 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Next Generation Sequencing ist die neue Sequenziermethode für DNA. Aber was verbirgt sich eigentlich dahinter und was ist der Unterschied zur Sanger-Sequenzierung? In dieser Übersicht wird die neue Technologie ein wenig näher erläutert, und es wird erklärt, dass es sich hierbei nicht um eine einzige, sondern um viele neue Techniken handelt.

Technologie und Anwendung
Die momentan bekanntesten Sequenziergeräte und -techniken werden im Detail erklärt und die Gemeinsamkeiten der Maschinen, aber gerade auch die Unterschiede sowie Vor- und Nachteile dargestellt. Auf diese Weise soll der Leser erkennen, dass es nicht die perfekte Maschine für alle Applikationen gibt, sondern dass man für die jeweilige Fragestellung die Maschine aussuchen sollte, deren Spezifikationen sich hierfür am ehesten eignen. Auch die Möglichkeit des Outsourcings wird besprochen, die sicherlich für einige Laboratorien interessant sein könnte. Desweiteren wird kurz erklärt, dass, analog zur Polymerase-Kettenreaktion bei der Sanger-Sequenzierung, auch beim Next Generation Sequencing zuvor oft die zu untersuchenden Regionen anreichert werden. Hierfür existieren verschiedene Methoden, deren Wahl i. d. R. von der Anzahl der zu untersuchenden Patienten und Gene abhängt.

Ausblick
Es wird ein Ausblick auf neueste Entwicklungen gegeben, die deutlich anzeigen, dass das Ende der genetischen Revolution noch nicht in Sicht ist.
NGS Datenanalyse und Qualitätskontrolle
Authors: Weißmann R. , Gilissen C. 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) wird immer häufiger in der Humangenetik eingesetzt. Die Analyse der anfallenden Datenmengen birgt allerdings andere und größere Herausforderungen als bisher eingesetzte Verfahren. In diesem Artikel werden einige Grundlagen, die dem Verständnis der anfallenden Daten und Analyseschritte beim NGS dienen sollen, beschrieben. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Qualitätskontrolle.
The Impact of an Ultramarathon on Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in Men
Authors: Kupchak Brian R. , Kraemer William J. , Hoffman Martin D. , Phinney Stephen D. , Volek Jeff S. 
Published: June 2014

Objective To examine circulating hormonal responses in men competing in the Western States Endurance Run (WSER, June 23 to 24, 2012): a 161-km trail run that starts in Squaw Valley, CA, and concludes in Auburn, CA. Methods We examined 12 men who completed the WSER. Blood samples were obtained the morning before the race, immediately postrace (IP), and 1 (D1) and 2 (D2) days after the conclusion of the WSER. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis was assessed by measuring testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH). We also examined sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and cortisol. Biochemical and muscle damage markers were also measured. Results Relative to prerace, there were significant ( P ≤ .05) decreases in testosterone, LH, and SHBG, whereas cortisol showed a significantly marked elevation at IP. Testosterone, LH, SHBG, and cortisol remained significantly different from prerace at D1. Additionally, the testosterone to cortisol (T:C) ratio, a marker of anabolism, was decreased at IP and D1. Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin significantly decreased at IP, and remained decreased at D1 and D2. Bilirubin increased significantly IP and D1, whereas alkaline phosphatase decreased at D1 and D2. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase increased at IP, and continued to be significantly elevated at D1 and D2. Conclusions Training for and completing the WSER produced a significant suppression in the HPT axis as seen by decreased levels of testosterone and LH. Additionally, running the WSER continued to influence endocrine function until 2 days after the race. Furthermore, the stress caused by the WSER produced severe muscle damage.
Older adults’ perceptions of adherence to community physical activity groups
Authors: HARTLEY SANDRA ELAINE , YEOWELL GILLIAN 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCommunity physical activity (PA) groups have come in to being worldwide to inspire older adults to engage in PA. However, there is limited evidence that older adults adhere to these groups, particularly those of a lower socio-economic status, with health conditions, from black and minority ethnic (BME) groups and men. This study aimed to explore experiences of attending PA groups from the viewpoint of community-living older adults, including those sub-groups of the population highlighted above. The purpose was to gain an understanding of what would influence long-term adherence to community PA groups. Eighteen participants aged 65 and above took part in three focus groups carried out in North West England. Thematic network analysis was used for theme generation and interpretation. Low-cost, universal locations are essential to enable older adults to engage regularly in PA, however, it is the social space that is created within these physical settings that is most influential in fostering their long-term adherence. Facilitating cross-cultural relationships and supporting older adults to have more control in shaping the PA environment will ensure that these settings are more conducive to the long-term adherence of diverse groups of older adults.
Hyponatraemic seizures following prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Slevin Finbar , Rodda Sree Lakshmi , Bosomworth Mike , Bottomley David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the importance of fluid management in the perioperative period by presenting a case of hyponatraemic seizures following prostate brachytherapy.CaseA 61-year-old gentleman, who had prostate cancer but was otherwise well, developed confusion and word-finding difficulties the day after prostate brachytherapy. This was followed by tonic–clonic seizures that necessitated treatment, intubation and ventilation, and admission to the intensive care unit. Investigations revealed serum sodium of 116 mmol/L. Fluid balance was inadequately recorded, but the patient had drank more than 3 L of water before he developed hyponatraemia.DiscussionPostoperative severe hyponatraemia and hyponatraemic encephalopathy develop because of anti-diuretic hormone release and hypotonic fluid administration. These are medical emergencies and should be managed in an intensive care unit. Symptoms range from headache, nausea and confusion to seizures, respiratory arrest and death, and are related to cerebral oedema. Treatment is done using hypertonic sodium chloride to increase the serum sodium to safe levels. Care should be taken to avoid overly rapid correction of serum sodium. Complete documentation of fluid balance is essential to allow proper assessment of fluid status. Patients should be advised on appropriate oral fluids in the postoperative period.
Effects of IL‐1β–Blocking Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling Approach to Explore Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Palmér R , Nyman E , Penney M , Marley A , Cedersund G , Agoram B 
Published: June 2014

Recent clinical studies suggest sustained treatment effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)–blocking therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms of these effects, however, remain underexplored. Using a quantitative systems pharmacology modeling approach, we combined ex vivo data of IL‐1β effects on β‐cell function and turnover with a disease progression model of the long‐term interactions between insulin, glucose, and β‐cell mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We then simulated treatment effects of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist anakinra. The result was a substantial and partly sustained symptomatic improvement in β‐cell function, and hence also in HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, and proinsulin–insulin ratio, and a small increase in β‐cell mass. We propose that improved β‐cell function, rather than mass, is likely to explain the main IL‐1β–blocking effects seen in current clinical data, but that improved β‐cell mass might result in disease‐modifying effects not clearly distinguishable until >1 year after treatment.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2014) 3, e118; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.16; advance online publication 11 June 2014
An evolving autoimmune microenvironment regulates the quality of effector T cell restimulation and function
Authors: Friedman Rachel S. , Lindsay Robin S. , Lilly Jason K. , Nguyen Vinh , Sorensen Caitlin M. , Jacobelli Jordan , Krummel Matthew F. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Autoimmunity is self-perpetuating within the islets at the time of type 1 diabetes diagnosis. However, little is known about how pathogenic effector T cell functions are stimulated within the islets. Here, we show that the infiltration state of the islet affects T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells and corresponding T cell effector cytokine production within the islets. This work identifies a restimulation event that is modified by the local islet environment as a critical step in the expression of T cell effector functions and autoimmune tissue destruction.
Long-term changes in abundance of Calanus finmarchicus south and north of Iceland in relation to environmental conditions and regional diversity in spring 1990–2013
Authors: Gislason Astthor , Petursdottir Hildur , Gudmundsson Kristinn 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A 24-year time series of the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus from two standard sections differing in hydrographical conditions (Atlantic Water south of Iceland, Subarctic Water north of Iceland) was examined in relation to hydrography, phytoplankton dynamics, and large-scale climatic forcing (North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). In the sea area around Iceland, C. finmarchicus is the most abundant mesozooplankter. The long-term variations were evaluated using multivariate statistics, principal component analyses, redundancy analyses (RDA), and principal response curves. Both south and north of Iceland, significant (RDA, p < 0.05, Monte-Carlo permutation tests) fluctuations in abundance and stages structure of C. finmarchicus between years were observed. The variations were, however, not in tune in south and north, indicating that the C. finmarchicus abundance may be influenced by different forcing factors in the two regions. South of Iceland, the analyses failed to find an effect of any of the environmental variables tested, whereas in the north the year-to-year variability was related to freshwater thickness west of Iceland and temperature north of the island (RDA, p < 0.05, Monte-Carlo permutation tests), indicating that advection of animals with currents from the south is important. In neither of the two regions was it possible to detect a unidirectional temporal trend in abundance of C. finmarchicus (RDA, p < 0.05, Monte-Carlo permutation tests). Based on a comparison with time series from nearby areas and the lack of a relationship with NAO, it is hypothesized that the growth and development of C. finmarchicus in Icelandic waters is more affected by local conditions than large-scale climatic forcing.
Relativistic iron Kα line detection in the Suzaku spectra of IC 4329A
Authors: Mantovani G. , Nandra K. , Ponti G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We present an analysis of five Suzaku observations of the bright Seyfert1 galaxy IC 4329A. The broad energy band and high signal-to-noise ratio of the data give new constraints on the iron Kα line profile and its relationship with the Compton hump at higher energies. The Fe K bandpass is dominated by a narrow core (EW = 57$_{-3}^{+3}$ eV) at 6.4 keV consistent with neutral material. Using a physically motivated model, our analysis also reveals the presence of a broad iron Kα line (EW = 124$_{-11}^{+11}$ eV), most likely produced in the inner part of the accretion disc and blurred by general relativistic effects. This component is not immediately evident from the individual spectra, but is clearly present in the stacked residuals of all five observations, and has high statistical significance. This highlights the difficulty in identifying broad iron lines in active galactic nuclei, even in data with very high signal-to-noise ratio, as they are difficult to disentangle from the continuum. The data are consistent with the narrow and broad iron line components tracking the Compton Hump, but do not provide clear evidence that this is the case. An additional narrow Fe xxvi emission line at 6.94 keV is also seen, suggesting the presence of ionized material relatively distant from the central region. There is also a hint of variability, so the precise origin of this line remains unclear.
The vertical structure and kinematics of grand design spirals
Authors: Debattista Victor P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We use an N-body simulation to study the 3D density distribution of spirals and the resulting stellar vertical velocities. Relative to the disc's rotation, the phase of the spiral's peak density away from the mid-plane trails that at the mid-plane. In addition, at fixed radius the density distribution is azimuthally skewed, having a shallower slope on the trailing side inside corotation and switching to shallower on the leading side beyond corotation. The spirals induce non-zero average vertical velocities, 〈Vz〉, as large as 〈Vz〉 ∼ 10–20 km s−1, consistent with recent observations in the Milky Way. The vertical motions are compressive (towards the mid-plane) as stars enter the spiral, and expanding (away from the mid-plane) as they leave it. Since stars enter the spiral on the leading side outside corotation and on the trailing side within corotation, the relative phase of the expanding and compressive motions switches sides at corotation. Moreover, because stars always enter the spiral on the shallow density gradient side and exit on the steeper side, the expanding motions are larger than the compressing motions.
Rosette modes of oscillations of rotating stars caused by close degeneracies. II. Nonaxisymmetric modes
Authors: Saio Hideyuki , Takata Masao 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Our previous analysis of axisymmetric rosette modes of oscillations in rigidly rotating stars is extended to nonaxisymmetric modes. The rosette modes, which have peculiar eigenfunctions, are formed by interaction among g modes having close frequencies with the particular rules regarding radial orders and spherical degrees. Such interaction is caused by the second-order effect of the Coriolis force. For nonaxisymmetric cases, the first-order rotation effect, which is proportional to the azimuthal order and the rotation frequency, tends to work against the formation of rosette modes. It is, however, found that the poisoning effect is not so serious in many cases that nonaxisymmetric rosette modes are present. The difference between prograde and retrograde modes is discussed.
Appropriateness of Emergency Department Use in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hoffenberg Edward J. , Park K.T. , Dykes Dana M. , Fridge Jacqueline , Kappelman Michael D. , Leibowitz Ian H. , Tsou V. Marc , Colletti Richard B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:We sought to characterize emergency department (ED) encounters for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to identify areas for prevention.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 5 consecutive ED encounters at 7 centers was performed.Results:Of 35 unique encounters by 32 patients, 3 main factors contributed to ED utilization: disease severity or course, day or time of care, and physician instruction. Of the ED encounters, approximately one‐fifth were judged medically unnecessary, and one‐half avoidable in a more optimal health care system.Conclusions:ED visits by pediatric patients with IBD may be reduced in a more optimal health care system.