bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le chevalier Herluin et la fondation de l'abbaye du Bec : un dossier complexe entre tentation érémitique et normalisation cénobitique
Authors: Foulon Jean-Hervé 
Published: August 2012

Résumé L’abbaye du Bec est considérée comme une des abbayes bénédictines les plus célèbres du Moyen Âge. L’image véhiculée par les sources narratives du xii e siècle, ainsi que les hypothèses des érudits de l’époque moderne donnent en effet à penser qu’un monastère bien constitué est fondé en 1034 par le chevalier Herluin. Toutefois, un examen attentif des sources oblige à distinguer entre la réalité historique où prévaut un goût nettement prononcé du fondateur pour la vie érémitique et un processus postérieur de réécriture des débuts de la fondation. Au xii e siècle, les moines du Bec entendirent occulter ces origines érémitiques, devenues suspectes dans le contexte de concurrence avec le nouveau monachisme, et exalter le primat d’une vie cénobitique. Dans ce cadre, il a été nécessaire de réviser la chronologie des événements traditionnellement admise. L’enquête aboutit à majorer l’importance de l’étape érémitique dans la vie d’Herluin, à travers un refus précoce d’embrasser le cadre normatif bénédictin, mais éclaire aussi l’adolescence du Conquérant. Le projet d’Herluin d’une vie more Patrum ne put déboucher sur une forme institutionnelle viable. Dans un contexte de sédition des lignées richardides, la confirmation des biens par le duc Guillaume, lors de la seconde dédicace en février 1046 ou 1047, traduit une volonté de fidélisation de l’abbaye. L’arrivée contemporaine du savant Lanfranc et la nouvelle protection ducale assurèrent la prospérité du Bec, remédiant aux difficultés de son gouvernement abbatial, mais suscitèrent sa régularisation bénédictine.
Temps de travail et fêtes religieuses au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Grenier Jean-Yves 
Published: August 2012

Résumé La suppression d’un grand nombre de jours de fêtes religieuses entre le milieu du xvii e siècle et la fin du xviii e siècle a permis une forte augmentation du temps de travail. Cet article s’efforce d’en comprendre les raisons. Est-ce la conséquence du désir des populations de travailler plus pour consommer plus, comme le soutiennent les historiens de la consumer revolution ? Est-ce une évolution du calendrier encouragée et conduite par les élites éclairées acquises à l’utilitarisme de l’économie politique ? Ou doit-on au contraire y voir d’abord un phénomène de nature religieuse, voulu et organisé par l’Église et la papauté ?
Michel Crozier et le CSO, un entrepreneur sociologique de la réforme de l'État (début des années 1950-fin des années 1970)
Authors: Chaubet François 
Published: August 2012

Résumé L’histoire des sciences sociales après 1945 en Europe, et tout particulièrement de la sociologie, fut en partie une tentative de concilier recherche scientifique et activité de conseil ou de proposition auprès des pouvoirs politiques et administratifs. Michel Crozier, aidé par le groupe de chercheurs qu’il rassembla autour de lui au cso , exerça, entre le début des années 1960 et le début des années 1980, une très forte influence intellectuelle et médiatique au sein de l’univers des petits milieux « modernisateurs », préconisant des réformes politiques importantes dans le monde français. L’argumentaire scientifique élaboré collectivement par Crozier et ses collaborateurs sur le fonctionnement de diverses administrations françaises et sur les rapports entre pouvoir politico-administratif central et pouvoirs locaux fut en effet l’une des plus grandes réussites de la science politique et sociologique hexagonale de l’après-guerre. Mais, dans la volonté de passer du constat scientifique à l’application politique, l’expert que voulut être Michel Crozier connut des déconvenues. Il échoua quand il voulut se transformer en conseiller du prince auprès de Jacques Chaban-Delmas ou d’un Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. En revanche, dans un rôle plus modeste et plus patient, d’expert porteur de propositions et d’idées, son rôle est indéniable dans le succès de l’idée de décentralisation au début des années quatre-vingt. La figure de Michel Crozier paraît ainsi décisive pour comprendre le passage, à partir du milieu des années 1960, du grand théoricien sociologue (Durkheim) à celle du chercheur qui mêle recherche fondamentale et interventions auprès des acteurs économiques et administratifs. L’étude n’en montre pas moins le décalage entre d’un côté le savoir et l’immense compétence de chercheur et les logiques politiques profondes qui lui échappent en grande partie et qui le laissèrent frustré et mélancolique, à l’image d’ailleurs de beaucoup de ses collègues sociologues dans cette génération.
Manage Projects Smarter: Picking Tools for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Quade Stefanie , Habermann Frank , Birkenkrahe Marcus 
Published: August 2012

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly dealing with international projects and distributed (sometimes even virtual) teams. Consequently, they are looking for project management (PM) tools which fit their respective needs regarding communication and collaboration. Unfortunately, the majority of the PM software available in the market seems to be oversized for this purpose. Instead most project managers are requesting smart solutions that allow quick implementation without any significant organisational or technical change.
Within the research project InterComp SME 2.0 we combine theoretical research and real business to develop hands-on solutions for SMEs. This paper describes an effective approach for a â??PM Toolboxâ? that allows finding the right project tool for a specific project need. The toolbox has been developed in due consideration of user stories gained from business practice, a more detailed SME business survey, a theoretical PM meta model and a market of PM tools.
Since the business survey revealed that the readiness to use and test a â??toolboxâ? is highly dependent on the type of user and his or her technical background, we designed the system based on use cases and user typology. As a result, we suggest a framework of open, freely available, easy-to-install, single and multi purpose PM software tools which can be selected solely on a need basis. With this free platform we want to guide practitioners through the tool jungle with the potential to grow into a lively community.
Autumn Migration of Mississippi Flyway Mallards as Determined by Satellite Telemetry
Authors: Krementz David G. , Asante Kwasi , Naylor Luke W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We used satellite telemetry to study autumn migration timing, routes, stopover duration, and final destinations of mallards Anas platyrhynchos captured the previous spring in Arkansas from 2004 to 2007. Of those mallards that still had functioning transmitters on September 15 (n  =  55), the average date when autumn migration began was October 23 (SE  =  2.62 d; range  =  September 17–December 7). For those mallards that stopped for &gt;1 d during migration, the average stopover length was 15.4 d (SE  =  1.47 d). Ten mallards migrated nonstop to wintering sites. The eastern Dakotas were a heavily utilized stopover area. The total distance migrated per mallard averaged 1,407 km (SE  =  89.55 km; range  =  142–2,947 km). The average time spent on migration per individual between September 15 and December 15 was 27 d (SE  =  2.88 d; range  =  2–84 d). The state where most mallards were located on December 15 was Missouri (11) followed by Arkansas (8), while 5 mallards were still in Canada, and only 8 of 43 females and 0 of 10 males were present in Arkansas. The eastern Dakotas are a heavily utilized migration stopover for midcontinent mallards that may require more attention for migration habitat management. The reasons for so few mallards, especially male mallards, returning to Arkansas the following year deserves further research.
A De Novo Germline APC Mutation (3927del5) in a Patient with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zeichner Simon B. , Raj Naveen , Cusnir Mike , Francavilla Michael , Hirzel Alicia 
Published: August 2012

Introduction Characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomas, classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is one of the most common hereditary syndromes associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Several studies have attempted to correlate specific APC mutations with clinical phenotype. 6 However, there is considerable variability in the expression of specific phenotypes within families and among individuals with identical mutations. 7 Case Presentation A 30 year-old Hispanic female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of persistent, worsening, left lower quadrant abdominal pain. She had no family history of malignancy. Sigmoidoscopy revealed innumerable polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon and a large mass in the sigmoid colon. Biopsy of the mass revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the subserosa. Endoscopy revealed innumerable polyps. Genetic testing of the patient via southern blot revealed a germline APC mutation 3927del5, resulting in a premature truncation of the APC protein at amino acid position 1312. Conclusion Genetic information has only recently started being incorporated into clinical care. More research and randomized clinical trials need to be conducted to definitively characterize random mutations. Once these mutations are further understood, FAP patients may be able to be risk stratified and this may ultimately improve the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare condition.
Robust exponential stability and H ∞  control for switched neutral‐type neural networks
Authors: Mathiyalagan K. , Sakthivel R. , Marshal Anthoni S. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider the problem of robust exponential stability for a class of uncertain switched delayed neutral‐type neural networks with an H ∞  performance level γ > 0. Further, the result is extended to design an H ∞  control law to ensure the robust exponential stabilization of the closed‐loop neural networks about its equilibrium point with the guaranteed H ∞  performance level γ, for all norm bounded parameter uncertainties. On the basis of a new set of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, linear matrix inequality technique, and average dwell time approach, a set of novel sufficient conditions is derived for the existence of H ∞  performance and as well as existence of H ∞  control problem. The obtained results are derived in the form of convex optimization problems, which can be solved easily by the standard Matlab control toolbox. Numerical examples with simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the Process Parameters for Encapsulation of Linamarin into PLGA Nanoparticles Using Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors: Hussein Ahmed S. , Abdullah Norhafizah , Fakru'l‐razi A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLinamarin‐loaded poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method using polyvinyl alcohol as a surfactant. A two‐factor full factorial design, Box–Behnken design and surface response methodology, were employed to improve the nanoparticle yield, particle size, and drug encapsulation efficiency by determining the optimum levels of the process parameters, namely the polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, and homogenization speed. Both linear and quadratic empirical models were developed to express each response parameter as a function of the studied factors. A total of 12 and 17 experimental runs were necessary to obtain adequate empirical models (p < 0.05) for both factorial and Box–Behnken designs, respectively. The final optimum values for the polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, and homogenization speed were determined at 9.8 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 23,000 rpm, respectively. Formulations obtained at this optimum preparing condition resulted on average 96% yield, 61.2% drug encapsulation efficiency, and 144.6 nm particle size. However, all prepared nanoparticles showed some kind of controlled drug release; most likely the final optimized nanoparticles exhibited the most biphasic controlled drug release profile with a minimal burst release and overall drug release of <30% in 120 h of incubation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E486–E504, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21295
Ends Justify Means? Organic Cotton Products’ Purchasing Motivations
Authors: Chen Nai‐Hua , Wei Sherrie 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn green marketing, the motivations for purchasing environmentally friendly products are often elusive, e.g., altruism mixed with some egoism, or a mixed‐up means and ends. The purpose of this study was to apply the means–end‐chain framework to build a model for the different motivations that consumers would have in favor of organic cotton products in Taiwan. Three hierarchical levels of means–end were included in the framework for organic cotton products: product attributes, consequences of using products possessing certain attributes, and fulfillment of personal values achieved through positive consequences after using the organic product possessing certain attributes. A survey questionnaire was designed based on product attributes and consequences identified from the Kahle, Beatty, and Homer's List of Values (LOVs; 1986) for respondents to rate their importance on a 5‐point Likert scale. The LOVs included nine values of common purchasing motivations, such as sense of belonging, excitement, and warm relationship with others, etc. For the 399 usable cases, fuzzy logic association mining rules were applied. The findings indicated that there were four significant routes by which respondents could achieve the personal value of security. However, knowing respondents’ personal value of security as the ultimate motivation for favoring organic cotton is only part of the picture. Only through a full understanding of different paths that lead to security can firms effectively design communication strategies to reach potential consumers. [EconLit Citations: C440, C610, M300, Q130].
Are Minimum Quality Standards Imposed by Federal Marketing Orders Acting as Nontariff Trade Barriers?
Authors: Saitone Tina L. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAs the pressure to liberalize agricultural trade both regionally and globally increases, the regulation and control of nontariff trade barriers becomes of paramount concern. The legislation regulating federal marketing orders in the United States allows these producer organizations to propose minimum quality standards (MQS) on domestic production, as well as imports, raising the possibility of using MQS as a nontariff trade barrier (NTB). Industry proposals, however, are subject to approval by the federal government. This paper presents an analytical model that examines domestic producers’ incentives and opportunities to use MQS as a NTB and government's incentives to approve or reject such regulations. In the first empirical investigation of the hypothesis that MQS act as NTB, a modified gravity equation model is used to examine the impacts of MQS on imports into the U.S. Results provide little support for the claims that MQS are acting as NTB. [JEL Codes: Q18, F13]
Body Temperature and Physical Activity Correlates of the Menstrual Cycle in Chacma Baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus)
Authors: NYAKUDYA TREVOR T. , FULLER ANDREA , MEYER LEITH C. R. , MALONEY SHANE K. , MITCHELL DUNCAN 
Published: August 2012

We investigated the temporal relationship between abdominal temperature, physical activity, perineal swelling, and urinary progesterone and estradiol concentrations over the menstrual cycle in unrestrained captive baboons. Using a miniature temperature‐sensitive data logger surgically implanted in the abdominal cavity and an activity data logger implanted subcutaneously on the trunk, we measured, continuously over 6 months at 10‐min intervals, abdominal temperature and physical activity patterns in four female adult baboons Papio hamadryas ursinus (12.9–19.9 kg), in cages in an indoor animal facility (22–25°C). We monitored menstrual bleeding and perineal swelling changes, and measured urinary progesterone and estradiol concentrations, daily for up to 6 months, to ascertain the stage and length of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle was 36 ± 2 days (mean ± SD) long and the baboons exhibited cyclic changes in perineal swellings, abdominal temperature, physical activity, urinary progesterone, and estradiol concentrations over the cycle. Mean 24‐hr abdominal temperature during the luteal phase was significantly higher than during the periovulatory phase (ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 4.7; P = 0.04), but not different to that during the proliferative phase. Physical activity followed a similar pattern, with mean 24‐hr physical activity almost twice as high in the luteal than in the periovulatory phase (ANOVA, P = 0.58; F(2, 12) = 5.8). We have characterized correlates of the menstrual cycle in baboons and shown, for the first time, a rhythm of physical activity and abdominal temperature over the menstrual cycle, with a nadir of temperature and activity at ovulation. Am. J. Primatol. 74:1143‐1153, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic deglycosylation converts pathogenic neuromyelitis optica anti–aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G into therapeutic antibody
Authors: Tradtrantip Lukmanee , Ratelade Julien , Zhang Hua , Verkman A. S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is caused by binding of pathogenic autoantibodies (NMO‐immunoglobulin G [IgG]) to aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) on astrocytes, which initiates complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and inflammation. We recently introduced mutated antibody (aquaporumab) and small‐molecule blocker strategies for therapy of NMO, based on prevention of NMO‐IgG binding to AQP4. Here, we investigated an alternative strategy involving neutralization of NMO‐IgG effector function by selective IgG heavy‐chain deglycosylation with bacteria‐derived endoglycosidase S (EndoS).Methods:Cytotoxicity and NMO pathology were measured in cell and spinal cord slice cultures, and in mice exposed to control or EndoS‐treated NMO‐IgG.Results:EndoS treatment of NMO patient serum reduced by >95% CDC and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, without impairment of NMO‐IgG binding to AQP4. Cytotoxicity was also prevented by addition of EndoS after NMO‐IgG binding to AQP4. The EndoS‐treated, nonpathogenic NMO‐IgG competitively displaced pathogenic NMO‐IgG bound to AQP4, and prevented NMO pathology in spinal cord slice culture and mouse models of NMO.Interpretation:EndoS deglycosylation converts pathogenic NMO‐IgG autoantibodies into therapeutic blocking antibodies. EndoS treatment of blood may be beneficial in NMO, and may be accomplished, for example, by therapeutic apheresis using surface‐immobilized EndoS. ANN NEUROL 2013
Fabrication and characterization of tunable wettability surface on copper substrate by poly(ionic liquid) modification via surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Long Shijia , Wan Fei , Yang Wu , Guo Hao , He Xiaoyan , Ren Jie , Gao Jinzhang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPoly(ionic liquid) surfaces with tunable wettability were successfully prepared on micro/nanoscale CuO/Cu composite substrates by a surface‐initiated nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization technique. Various characterization techniques including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cold field emission scanning electron microscopy, and static water contact angle measurement were used to characterize the surfaces for each surface modification step. Kinetic studies revealed that the polymer chain growth from the surface was a controlled/“living” polymerization process. The surface with tunable wettability, reversible switching between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity can be easily achieved by sequential counteranion exchange. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
In vitro comparative biodegradation analysis of salt‐leached porous polymer scaffolds
Authors: LeBlon Courtney E. , Pai Riyanka , Fodor Caitlin R. , Golding Anne S. , Coulter John P. , Jedlicka Sabrina S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive, side‐by‐side analysis of chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological changes in four polymers used in tissue engineering: poly(glycerol‐sebacate) (PGS), poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blend, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), and Texin 950, a segmented polyurethane resin (PUR). Polymer foams were created using a salt‐leaching technique and then analyzed over a 16‐week period. Biodegradation was analyzed by examining the morphology, thermal properties, molecular weight, chemical, and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and compression testing. PGS underwent the most rapid degradation and was hallmarked by a decrease in compressive modulus. PLA/PCL blend and PLGA both had rapid initial decreases in compressive modulus, coupled with large decreases in molecular weight. Surface cracks were observed in the PUR samples, accompanied by a slight decrease in compressive modulus. However, as expected, the molecular weight did not decrease. These results confirm that PUR does not undergo significant degradation but may not be suitable for long‐term implants. The biodegradation rates of porous PGS, PLA/PCL blend, and PLGA found in this study can guide their use in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer resin strengthened and toughened by an elastomer/inorganic nanoparticles complex
Authors: Liu Binbin , Lei Hua 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe properties of recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (rABS) resin deteriorate because of the aging of the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) resin during its lifetime; the impact strength, especially, decreases sharply, and the material is commonly brittle. We studied the toughening of rABS by an elastomer and inorganic nanoparticles incorporated into rABS. The results show that the elastomer could restore toughness of the rABS, but it also caused a decrease in the rigidity (flexural modulus); meanwhile, inorganic nanoparticles enhanced the toughness of the rABS only in a limited range for the coalescence issues but also could increase the rigidity of the rABS. This was just the opposite to elastomer. So, we proposed the solution of using an elastomer/inorganic nanoparticle complex to strengthen and toughen rABS. With the incorporation of a 5–8 wt % powdered ABS grafted composition with a rubber content of 70 wt % (referred to as the ABS graft powder) and 2–3 wt % inorganic nanoparticles into rABS, a synergistic effect between elastomer and inorganic nanoparticles was found to significantly benefit the toughness and strength of the rABS resin at the same time, and effective reusability of the rABS was realized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013