bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8 T Cells Enter the Splenic T Cell Zones Independently of CCR7, but the Subsequent Expansion and Trafficking Patterns of Effector T Cells after Infection Are Dysregulated in the Absence of CCR7 Migratory Cues
Authors: Sharma Naveen , Benechet Alexandre P. , Lefrançois Leo , Khanna Kamal M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
CCR7 is an important chemokine receptor that regulates T cell trafficking and compartmentalization within secondary lymphoid organs. However, the T cell–intrinsic role of CCR7 during infection in the spleen is not well understood. This study was designed to understand how CCR7-dependent localization and migration of CD8+ T cells in different compartments of the spleen affected the primary and recall responses after infection. To this end, we used adoptive transfer of naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells (OT-I) that either lacked CCR7 or constitutively expressed CCR7 (CD2-CCR7) in mice that were subsequently infected i.v. with Listeria monocytogenes. We show that naive CCR7−/−CD8+ T cells failed to enter the T cell zone, whereas CD2-CCR7 OT-I cells were exclusively confined to the T cell zones of the spleen. Surprisingly, however, CCR7−/− OT-I cells entered the T cell zones after infection, but the entry and egress migratory pattern of these cells was dysregulated and very distinct compared with wild-type OT-I cells. Moreover, CCR7-deficient OT-I cells failed to expand robustly when compared with wild-type OT-I cells and were preferentially skewed toward a short-lived effector cell differentiation pattern. Interestingly, CCR7−/−, CD2-CCR7, and wild-type OT-I memory cells responded equally well to rechallenge infection. These results highlight a novel role of CCR7 in regulating effector CD8 T cell migration in the spleen and demonstrate differential requirement of CCR7 for primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infection.
Longitudinal and seasonal variation of the equatorial flux tube integrated Rayleigh‐Taylor instability growth rate
Authors: Wu Qian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), the ionospheric Rayleigh‐Taylor instability growth rate is calculated. The seasonal and longitudinal variations of the growth rate from the TIEGCM appear to match that of the spread F observed by various satellite missions. The growth rate is strongly dependent on the angle between the sunset terminator and the geomagnetic field line near the magnetic equator. The TIEGCM simulations with nonmigrating tides show the zonal wave number 4 structure in the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability due to the inclusion of the nonmigrating diurnal eastward zonal wave number 3 and semidiurnal eastward zonal wave number 2 tides.
On the relative stability of CERES reflected shortwave and MISR and MODIS visible radiance measurements during the Terra satellite mission
Authors: Corbett J. G. , Loeb N. G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFifteen years of visible, near‐infrared, and broadband shortwave radiance measurements from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board NASA's Terra satellite are analyzed in order to assess their long‐term relative stability for climate purposes. A regression‐based approach between CERES, MODIS, and MISR (An camera only) reflectances is used to calculate the bias between the different reflectances relative to a reference year. When compared to the CERES shortwave broadband reflectance, relative drift between the MISR narrowbands is within 1% decade−1. Compared to the CERES shortwave reflectance, the MODIS narrowband reflectances show a relative drift of less than −1.33% decade−1. When compared to MISR, the MODIS reflectances show a relative drift of between −0.36% decade−1 and −2.66% decade−1. We show that the CERES Terra SW measurements are stable over the time period relative to CERES Aqua. Using this as evidence that CERES Terra may be absolutely stable, we suggest that the CERES, MISR, and MODIS instruments meet the radiometric stability goals for climate applications set out in Ohring et al. (2005).
On the comparison between seasonal predictive skill of global circulation models: Coupled versus uncoupled
Authors: Beraki Asmerom F. , Landman Willem A. , DeWitt David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study compares one‐ and two‐tiered forecasting systems as represented by the South African Weather Service Coupled Model and its atmosphere‐only version. In this comparative framework, the main difference between these global climate models (GCMs) resides in the manner in which the sea surface temperature (SST) is represented. The models are effectively kept similar in all other aspects. This strategy may allow the role of coupling on the predictive skill differences to be better distinguished. The result reveals that the GCMs differ widely in their performances and the issue of superiority of one model over the other is mostly dependent on the ability to a priori determine an optimal global SST field for forcing the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Notwithstanding, the AGCM's fidelity is reasonably reduced when the AGCM is constrained with persisting SST anomalies to the extent to which the coupled general circulation model's superiority becomes noticeable. The result suggests that the boundary forcing coming from the optimal SST field plays a significant role in leveraging a reasonable equivalency in the predictive skill of the two GCM configurations.
Imported and Domestic Beef: Are They Substitutes or Complements?
Authors: Dhoubhadel Sunil P. , Azzam Azzeddine M. , Stockton Matthew C. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper uses a translog processing cost function to test whether imported beef and domestic beef are substitutes or complements. Findings suggest that imported beef and domestic beef are substitutes, thus giving grounds to the claim by U.S. cattle producers that beef imports decrease the use of domestic beef. The effect of a price decline of beef imports has more pronounced effect on the use of cull cow beef than carcass beef, with the latter dropping by more than three times the former during the sample period.
Catalytic Intramolecular Ketone Alkylation with Olefins by Dual Activation
Authors: Lim Hee Nam , Dong Guangbin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo complementary methods for catalytic intramolecular ketone alkylation reactions with unactivated olefins, resulting in Conia‐ene‐type reactions, are reported. The transformations are enabled by dual activation of both the ketone and the olefin and are atom‐economical as stoichiometric oxidants or reductants are not required. Assisted by Kool’s aniline catalyst, the reaction conditions can be both pH‐ and redox‐neutral. A broad range of functional groups are thus tolerated. Whereas the rhodium catalysts are effective for the formation of five‐membered rings, a ruthenium‐based system that affords the six‐membered ring products was also developed.
Attachment and maternal sensitivity are related to infants’ monitoring of animated social interactions
Authors: Biro Szilvia , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Huffmeijer Renske , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundInfants have been shown to possess remarkable competencies in social understanding. Little is known, however, about the interplay between the quality of infants’ social‐emotional experiences with their caregivers and social‐cognitive processes in infancy.MethodUsing eye‐tracking we investigated the relation of infant attachment quality and maternal sensitivity with 12‐month‐old infants’ monitoring patterns during the observation of abstractly depicted interactions of a “parent” and a “baby” figure.ResultsWe found that secure infants focused their attention on the “parent” figure relative to the “baby” figure more than insecure infants when the two figures got separated. Infants with more sensitive mothers focused their attention more on the ongoing behavior of the “parent” figure after the separation than infants with less sensitive mothers when distress of the “baby” figure was implied by accompanying baby crying sounds.ConclusionOur findings support the notion that early social‐emotional experiences with the caregiver are related to social information processing and that these social information processing patterns might be markers of infants’ developing internal working models of attachment.
Novel Abscisic Acid Antagonists Identified with Chemical Array Screening
Authors: Ito Takuya , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Yoshida Kazuko , Umezawa Taishi , Shimizu Takeshi , Shinozaki Kazuo , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) signaling is involved in multiple processes in plants, such as water stress control and seed dormancy. Major regulators of ABA signaling are the PYR/PYL/RCAR family receptor proteins, group A protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), and subclass III of SNF1‐related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2). Novel ABA agonists and antagonists to modulate the functions of these proteins would not only contribute to clarification of the signaling mechanisms but might also be used to improve crop yields. To obtain small molecules that interact with Arabidopsis ABA receptor PYR1, we screened 24 275 compounds from a chemical library at the RIKEN Natural Products Depository by using a chemical array platform. Subsequent SnRK2 and PP2C assays narrowed down the candidates to two molecules. One antagonized ABA in a competitive manner and inhibited the formation of the PYR1‐ABA‐PP2C ternary complex. These compounds might have potential as bioprobes to analyze ABA signaling.
Transition Metal Nitrides for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Xie Yi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElectrocatalytic energy conversion has been considered as one of the most efficient and promising pathways for realizing energy storage and energy utilization in modern society. To improve electrocatalytic reactions, specific catalysts are needed to lower the overpotential. In the search for efficient alternatives to noble metal catalysts, transition metal nitrides have attracted considerable interest due to their high catalytic activity and unique electronic structure. Over the past few decades, numerous nitride‐based catalysts have been explored with respect to their ability to drive various electrocatalytic reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction to achieve water splitting and the oxygen reduction reaction coupled with the methanol oxidation reaction to construct fuel cells or rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries. This Minireview provides a brief overview of recent progress on electrocatalysts based on transition metal nitrides, and outlines the current challenges and future opportunities.
A {Nb6P2W12}‐Based Hexameric Manganese Cluster with Single‐Molecule Magnet Properties
Authors: Zhang Dongdi , Cao Fan , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Chao , Song You , Liang Zhijie , Hu Xiaojing , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBy deliberately using a metastable polyanion [(NbO2)6P2W12O56]12− (1), which was formed in situ, we have discovered the unprecedented hexameric cluster {Mn15(Nb6P2W12O62)6} (2), in which the six polyanions [Nb6P2W12O61]10− are alternately connected by four intriguing trinuclear {MnIII3} moieties and four {MnII} linkers. This discovery is the first in which the phosphoniobotungstate has been made accessible by using transition‐metal ions; furthermore, polyanion 2 represents the largest niobotungstate cluster reported to date. Analysis by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) provides insight into the self‐assembly process, and the peaks observed relate to the different charge states of the parent cluster, thus confirming the stability of 2. In addition, magnetic‐susceptibility measurements reveal that each {MnIII3} subunit is a separate single‐molecule magnet (SMM). This discovery results from the exploration of the reverse effect of metastable polyanion 1 possessing high reactivity, thereby turning a disadvantage into an advantage. This finding could define a new synthetic strategy for the design and synthesis of magnetic polyoxometalate (POM) clusters.
Substituting CF2for O4′ in Components of Nucleic Acids: Towards Systems with Reduced Propensity to Form Abasic Lesions
Authors: Yurenko Yevgen P. , Novotný Jan , Sklenář Vladimir , Marek Radek 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntrinsic structural features and energetics of nucleotides containing variously fluorinated sugars as potential building blocks of DNA duplexes and quadruplexes are explored systematically using the modern methods of density functional theory (DFT) and quantum chemical topology (QCT). Our results suggest that fluorination at the 2′‐β or 2′‐α,β positions somewhat stabilizes in vacuo the AI relative to the BI conformations. In contrast, substitution of the CF2group for the O4′ atom (O4′‐CF2modification) leads to a preference of the BI relative to AI DNA‐like conformers. All the studied modifications result in a noticeable increase in the stability of the glycosidic bond [estimated by the relaxed force constants (RFC) approach], with particularly encouraging results for the O4′‐CF2derivative. Consequently, the O4′‐CF2modified systems are suggested and explored as promising scaffolds for the development of duplex and quadruplex structures with reduced propensity to form abasic lesions and to undergo DNA damage.
A Flexible Electrode Based on Iron Phosphide Nanotubes for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yan Ya , Xia Bao Yu , Ge Xiaoming , Liu Zhaolin , Fisher Adrian , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe design of cheap and efficient water splitting systems for sustainable hydrogen production has attracted increasing attention. A flexible electrode, based on carbon cloth substrate and iron phosphide nanotubes coated with an iron oxide/phosphate layer, is shown to catalyze overall water splitting. The as‐prepared flexible electrode demonstrates remarkable electrocatalytic activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at modest overpotentials. The surface iron oxide/phosphate, which is formed in situ, is proposed to improve the HER activity by facilitating the water‐dissociation step and serves directly as the catalytically‐active component for the OER process.
tert‐Butyl Iodide Mediated Reductive Fischer Indolization of Conjugated Hydrazones
Authors: Ito Yuta , Ueda Masafumi , Takeda Norihiko , Miyata Okiko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel reductive Fischer indolization of readily available N‐aryl conjugated hydrazones with tert‐butyl iodide has been developed. In this reaction, tert‐butyl iodide is used as anhydrous HI source, and the generated HI acts as a Brønsted acid and a reducing agent. This operationally simple method allows access to various indole derivatives. Furthermore, the procedure can be applied to the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
Practical design of multi‐channel MOSFETRF transmission system for 7 T animal MR imaging
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Liu Yan , Sun Bingyao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Jiang Xiaohua 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we developed and tested a multi‐channel radio frequency (RF) transmission system with compact metal‐oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) amplifiers for parallel excitation in 7 T animal MRI scanner. The system is composed of a multi‐channel RF controller and four independent RF power amplifiers. Each power amplifier contains two amplification stages. The design was validated by simulation and bench test. The power gain for the amplifier is 18.7 dB at 300 MHz, demonstrating the sufficient amplification capability of the transmission system for small animal parallel excitation applications at 7 T. This compact RF power amplifier can be potentially used for on‐coil amplification in multichannel RF array system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 191–200, 2015
Is computed tomography a necessary part of a metastatic evaluation for castration‐resistant prostate cancer? Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database
Authors: Hanyok Brian T. , Howard Lauren E. , Amling Christopher L. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Posadas Edwin M. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDMetastatic lesions in prostate cancer beyond the bone have prognostic importance and affect clinical therapeutic decisions. Few data exist regarding the prevalence of soft‐tissue metastases at the initial diagnosis of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).METHODSThis study analyzed 232 men with nonmetastatic (M0) castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who developed metastases detected by a bone scan or computed tomography (CT). All bone scans and CT scans within the 30 days before or after the mCRPC diagnosis were reviewed. The rate of soft‐tissue metastases among those undergoing CT was determined. Then, predictors of soft‐tissue metastases and visceral and lymph node metastases were identified.RESULTSCompared with men undergoing CT (n = 118), men undergoing only bone scans (n = 114) were more likely to have received primary treatment (P = .048), were older (P = .013), and less recently developed metastases (P = .018). Among those undergoing CT, 52 (44%) had soft‐tissue metastases, including 20 visceral metastases (17%) and 41 lymph node metastases (35%), whereas 30% had no bone involvement. In a univariable analysis, only prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) predicted soft‐tissue metastases (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; P = .047), and no statistically significant predictors of visceral metastases were found. A higher PSA level was associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastases (OR, 1.38; P = .014), whereas receiving primary treatment was associated with decreased risk (OR, 0.36; P = .015).CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that there is a relatively high rate of soft‐tissue metastasis (44%) among CRPC patients undergoing CT at the initial diagnosis of metastases, including some men with no bone involvement. Therefore, forgoing CT during a metastatic evaluation may lead to an underdiagnosis of soft‐tissue metastases and an underdiagnosis of metastases in general. Cancer 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:222–229. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Rapid onsite evaluation: A comparison of cytopathologist and pulmonologist performance
Authors: Meena Nikhil , Jeffus Susanne , Massoll Nicole , Siegel Eric R. , Korourian Soheila , Chen Chien , Bartter Thaddeus 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDRapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) has several potential benefits but also can prolong procedures if one must wait for a cytopathologist, and it can involve a considerable time commitment on the part of the cytopathologist. At the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, interventional pulmonologists have routinely reviewed cytology specimens. This study was performed to determine prospectively how accurately pulmonologists could perform ROSE and whether they could contribute to the efficiency of the process.METHODSFor sequential cases, the procedural pulmonologist documented a ROSE reading before the reading by the cytopathologist. Readings were compared between the two for agreement and for accuracy. The time commitment for the cytopathologist was also recorded.RESULTSOne hundred sixty‐four sites were biopsied in 102 patients. With respect to onsite adequacy, there was a high level of concordance between pulmonology and cytopathology as evidenced by the κ score ( ± standard error) of 0.72 ± 0.15 and by disagreement in only 3 cases (2%). For the diagnostic category, there was once again a high level of concordance; there was agreement in 141 of the 164 cases (86%), and the weighted κ score was 0.89 ± 0.02. The cytopathologist's time in the endoscopy suite averaged 4.02 ± 6.9 minutes per procedure.CONCLUSIONSProcedural pulmonologists can effectively learn enough cytology to be able to make ROSE a collaborative process and to greatly increase the efficiency of the cytopathologist. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:279–84. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Queueing analysis for preemptive transmission in underlay CRNs
Authors: Chen Long , Huang Liusheng , Xu Hongli , Du Yang 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn cognitive radio applications, there are multiple different types of message queues. Existing queueing based works in underlay cognitive radio networks mainly focused on homogeneous packets. Therefore, we propose a new underlay scheme to deal with packets' heterogeneity by assuming high‐priority packets have preemptive transmission opportunities over low‐priority ones, and the former ones have impatient waiting time. We model the secondary user packets' behavior as a M/M/1+GI queueing system from the perspective of the whole system, which is represented by a two‐dimensional state transition graph. The reneging probability of high‐priority packets and the average waiting time in two‐class priority queues are analyzed. Then we extend the single‐channel model to multiple channels. Under this scenario, the closed form of low‐priority packets' expected system delay is derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the average waiting time of high‐priority packets decreases with the growing interference power threshold and the average waiting time of the low‐priority packet is proportional to the arrival rate of high‐priority packet and so on. This work may lay the foundation to design efficient Medium Access Control protocols and optimize long‐term system performance by carefully choosing system parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.