bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a beneficial microbes‐enriched rhizosphere system assists plants in phytophagous insect defense: current status, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Liu Zhongwang , Xia Yihan , Tan Jinfang , Wei Mi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe construction of a plant rhizosphere system enriched with beneficial microbes (BMs) can efficiently help plants defend against phytophagous insects. However, our comprehensive understanding of this approach is still incomplete. In this review, we methodically analyzed the progress made over the last decade, identifying both challenges and opportunities. The main methods for developing a BMs‐enriched rhizosphere system include inoculating exogenous BMs into plants, amending the existing soil microbiomes with amendments, and utilizing plants to shape the soil microbiomes. BMs can assist plants in suppressing phytophagous insects across many orders, including 13 Lepidoptera, seven Homoptera, five Hemiptera, five Coleoptera, four Diptera, and one Thysanoptera species by inducing plant systemic resistance, enhancing plant tolerance, augmenting plant secondary metabolite production, and directly suppressing herbivores. Context‐dependent factors such as abiotic and biotic conditions, as well as the response of insect herbivores, can affect the outcomes of BM‐assisted plant defense. Several challenges and opportunities have emerged, including the development of synthetic microbial communities for herbivore control, the integration of biosensors for effectiveness assessment, the confirmation of BM targets for phytophagous insect defense, and the regulation of outcomes via smart farming with artificial intelligence. This study offers valuable insights for developing a BM‐enriched rhizosphere system within an integrated pest management approach. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of RNAi mediated silencing of DIB, JHE, and CAM on the diapause termination of Calliptamus italicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) eggs
Authors: Zhao Na , He Wei , Hu Hongxia , Lv Xuefeng , Yu Fei , Ji Rong , Ye Xiaofang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalliptamus italicus L. is a major pest in Xinjiang grassland. The diapause overwintering strategy is one of the important reasons for the large population of this pest. This study investigated the function of the genes associated with the release of diapause (DIB, JHE and CAM) in Calliptamus italicus by RNA interference (RNAi) technology to aid in its biological control.RESULTSThe expression levels of DIB and its downstream‐associated genes (EcR and FTZ‐F1) in the eggs injected with dsDIB for 12 h decreased by 96.6%, 55.8% and 81.8%, respectively. Diapause began to terminate on day 3, and development was almost complete on day 6. However, the head was significantly smaller. The expression levels of JHE and its downstream‐associated genes (JHEH and VgR) at 48 h after dsJHE treatment decreased by 76.5%, 85.6% and 85.9%, respectively. The termination of diapause occured on day 3 of incubation. The development was basically complete on day 6, but the yolk had been incompletely absorbed. The expression of CAM and its downstream‐associated genes (CAMK4 and MYL) at 24 h after dsCAM treatment decreased by 42.4%, 95.3% and 82.7%, respectively. Diapause termination was completed on day 4 for incubation, and development was abnormal on day 6. The absorption of yolk was incomplete.CONCLUSIONDIB, JHE and CAM can delay the diapause termination of Calliptamus italicus eggs to different degrees and can be developed as potential target genes for its biological control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
An adult patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension, a NOTCH3 mutation, and leflunomide exposure
Authors: Fenner Elizabeth G. , Simpson Catherine E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a poorly understood disease of the small pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary vascular remodeling and progressively rising pulmonary vascular resistance are hallmarks of the disease that ultimately result in right heart failure. Several genetic mutations, most notably in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, have a causal association with heritable forms of PAH. Mutations in neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (NOTCH3) have been reported in adults and children with PAH, but whether NOTCH3 is causally associated with PAH is debated. With this case report, we describe the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and exposure history of an adult patient with PAH and multiple sclerosis who was found to have a NOTCH3 missense mutation and exposure to leflunomide.
Prevention and home‐based management of childhood diarrhoea in an urban informal settlement in Northern Ghana; a cross‐sectional study of maternal knowledge, attitude and practices
Authors: Vicar Ezekiel K. , Walana Williams , Marfo Mildred G. O. , Darko George K. , Folorunsho Majeed S. , Osabutey Emmanuel K. , Obeng‐Bempong Mauvina , Opare‐Asamoah Kwame 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years is higher in developing countries than in developed regions. Residents of informal settlements in many developing lower‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) have a relatively high prevalence of diarrhoea and diarrhoea‐related diseases. Mothers are the burden bearers during children's diarrhoea episodes. Therefore, maternal knowledge and management skills are important to minimise the effects of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhoeal diseases.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among mothers residing in an informal settlement to assess their knowledge of diarrhoea prevention and home‐based management practices. An interviewer‐based questionnaire was used to gather information, imported into Microsoft Excel (Microsoft) and exported to STATA software version 13.1 (Stata) for data analysis. We performed descriptive multivariable analysis to find out participants knowledge of diarrhoea prevention and home‐based management practices and associated factors.ResultsA total of 428 participants participated in this study, with the majority, 6 64.5% (276/428) having good knowledge of prevention and home‐based management of diarrhoea among children under 5 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, participants who were multiparous and completed tertiary were 4.01 [confidence interval (CI) = 3.23–7.15; p = <0.0001] and 2.02 (CI = 2.16–4.91; p = 0.005) times likely to have good knowledge. Participants who had attained tertiary education and earned monthly income above Gh¢ 4000 were 7.21 (CI = 5.24–16.5; p < 0.0001) and 12.4 (CI = 4.80–33.3; p < 0.0001) likely to have good practice of prevention and home‐based management of diarrhoea among children under 5 years.ConclusionThese findings may serve as a basis for developing specific interventions to enhance good knowledge and good practice regarding home‐based management of diarrhoea among children under five. Practitioners can provide targeted education, empower mothers to implement proper preventive measures and timely interventions thereby reducing the impact and severity of diarrhoeal episodes in children under 5 years in urban informal settlements.
Decentralized asymptotic tracking control for time‐varying interconnected nonlinear systems with prescribed performance
Authors: Li Yuan‐Yuan , Li Yuan‐Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article studies decentralized adaptive asymptotic tracking control of time‐varying interconnected nonlinear systems. To address the obstacles caused by interactions and these unknown time‐varying parameters, a smooth function and a bound estimation approach are introduced. Additionally, by means of a class of funnel functions and barrier Lyapunov function approach, a prescribed performance control strategy is constructed, allowing tracking accuracy and the settling time to be predetermined in accordance with control requirements, without relying on initial conditions or design parameters. Particularly, reasoned proofs have been given to confirm that the presented control method not only guarantees the prescribed transient performance, but also achieves the asymptotic tracking without requiring knowledge of high‐order derivatives of the reference signal. Ultimately, the efficiency of our approach is verified by simulation results.
The asynchronous DeGroot dynamics
Authors: Elboim Dor , Peres Yuval , Peretz Ron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe analyze the asynchronous version of the DeGroot dynamics: In a connected graph with nodes, each node has an initial opinions in and an independent Poisson clock. When a clock at a node rings, the opinion at is replaced by the average opinion of its neighbors. It is well known that the opinions converge to a consensus. We show that the expected time to reach ‐consensus is poly in undirected graphs and in Eulerian digraphs, but for some digraphs of bounded degree it is exponential. Our main result is that in undirected graphs and Eulerian digraphs, if the degrees are uniformly bounded and the initial opinions are i.i.d., then for every fixed . We give sharp estimates for the variance of the limiting consensus opinion, which measures the ability to aggregate information (“wisdom of the crowd”). We also prove generalizations to non‐reversible Markov chains and infinite graphs. New results of independent interest on fragmentation processes and coupled random walks are crucial to our analysis.
Investigation of the Properties of 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thione Schiff Base Derivatives by Urease Inhibition as Therapeutic or Agrochemical Candidate Molecules
Authors: Zehir Kirkbir Gamze , Gultekin Ergun , Kolcuoglu Yakup , Bekircan Olcay , Colak Ahmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the production of bacterial urease, bacteria can provide the best conditions for colonization and survival of the stomach in acidic environment. Due to this reproductive ability, H. pylori can cause various diseases such as cancer, urinary tract infections, and peptic ulcer in human metabolism. Consequently, the discovery of substances that can inhibit urease activity holds great promise for treating certain diseases. In this study, Schiff base derivatives of 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione were synthesized in good to excellent yields. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, such as FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. The urease inhibitory activities of the obtained products were evaluated against the reference inhibitor thiourea. Out of these compounds, compound 6 c exhibited the highest inhibitory effectiveness, with an IC50 value of 0.0109 μM against refenrence inhibitor (IC50=11 μM). Kinetic studies revealed that compound 6 c acts as a non‐competitive inhibitor. According to the results of the docking studies, compound 6 c exhibited the highest binding affinity (with the lowest ΔG value as −8.4 kcal/mol) and efficiently interacted with the enzyme as a potent inhibitor among all the molecules examined in the study.
A Deep Dive into Thiourea‐Based Sensors for Cation Sensing
Authors: Khan Adeeba , Dawar Palak , De Suranjan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThioureas are preferred structures in the disciplines of chemosensors, organic, and pharmaceutical field. Thioureas, a class of tuneable organosulfur compounds, and their derivatives are widely used in both biological and nonbiological fields. These compounds, which include sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) atoms, have nucleophilic characteristics that assist in intra‐ or intermolecular H‐bonding among the molecules or analytes. Hence, the incorporation of the thiourea moiety into a wide spectrum of organic molecules has resulted in very versatile compounds with widespread applications in a variety of domains. Thiourea derivatives have been frequently produced and researched due to their chemosensing capability. Finally, in this work, a detailed comparison and analysis of the detecting capabilities of thiourea‐based cation sensor is performed. The knowledge gained in this work will be extremely useful in future endeavours to create organic sensors based on Fluorescence (Fl) and colorimetry, for the recognition of physiologically relevant metal ions.
Aptamer Encapsulated Inside the Array Channel of Ni‐MOF for Bisphenol A Determination in Multi‐interference System
Authors: Zhang Xiaokuan , Zhang Jinbo , Yan Dingfan , Chen Zheng , Song Shuaibo , Yuan Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs an endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA) has many adverse effects on environmental safety and human health. Aiming at the existing problems at the current detection methods, herein, a 3D metal‐organic framework (Ni‐MOF) was fabricated as a carrier to achieve BPA aptamers immobilization inside its array channels under Mg2+ regulation. Based on the reversible quenching of 6‐FAM (6‐carboxyfluorescein) fluorescence labeled on the BPA aptamers during the encapsulation process, a fluorescent aptamer sensing platform was constructed for the quantitative detection of BPA in water. Morphology analysis, VASP (Vienna ab‐initio simulation package) and other kinetic simulations were performed to elaborate the mechanism of the influence of pore size, medium ions, etc. on the recognition process. Due to the in‐hole fixation strategy of aptamers, Ni‐MOF played an obvious protection aptamers. Not only the activity of BPA aptamer@MOF composite was maintained more than 50 % in complex environments such as pH 3.0–11.0, 30–70 °C and organic solvents, but also the aptamer was protected from nuclease hydrolysis under physiological conditions. The stability and application range of the sensor are greatly improved, detection limit of 0.34 μM. The result was expected to provide theoretical guidance for the rapid detection of pollutants in complex environments.
Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Conjugated L‐Cysteine: A Novel Metal Pincer for Efficient Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Mahmoud Safwat A. , Atia Bahig M. , Abdalla Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA facilely prepared composite based on Polyvinyl alcohol anchored‐ L‐cysteine (PVA‐L‐CYS) demonstrated efficient functionality in the elimination of heavy metals (Hg, Cr, Pb, and Cd) from working wastewater. The synthesis of the composite was validated through a comprehensive characterization utilizing various analytical techniques to ensure the composite‘s structural, chemical, and physical properties. At ambient temperature, pH of 4–5.5, interaction time of 15–20 minutes, and concentration of 200 mg/L metal ions, the composite exhibited a maximum retention capacity of 48.5, 25, 45.25, and 44.25 mg/g for Hg, Cr, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Langmuir modeling was establish to be more fitting to the practical results than Freundlich, providing theoretical values of 49.02, 25.97, 46.08, and 44.84 mg/g for Hg, Cr, Pb, and Cd, respectively. The kinetics of PVA‐L‐CYS composite was accurately predicted by model of the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic. Thermodynamic prospects indicated a spontaneous, exothermic, and favorable uptake process at low temperatures. Efficient elution of the heavy metal ions from the overloaded composite was performed using 1 M HNO3. In accordance with WHO and FAO guidelines, the successful elimination of working metal ions from wastewater utilizing the PVA‐L‐CYS composite was demonstrated in a single cycle before discharge into the marine environment.
Crystallographic Pathways to Tailoring Metal‐Insulator Transition through Oxygen Transport in VO2
Authors: Sim Hyeji , Doh Kyung‐Yeon , Park Yunkyu , Song Kyung , Kim Gi‐Yeop , Son Junwoo , Lee Donghwa , Choi Si‐Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe metal–insulator (MI) transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is effectively modulated by oxygen vacancies, which decrease the transition temperature and insulating resistance. Oxygen vacancies in thin films can be driven by oxygen transport using electrochemical potential. This study delves into the role of crystallographic channels in VO2 in facilitating oxygen transport and the subsequent tuning of electrical properties. A model system is designed with two types of VO2 thin films: (100)‐ and (001)‐oriented, where channels align parallel and perpendicular to the surface, respectively. Growing an oxygen‐deficient TiO2 layer on these VO2 films prompted oxygen transport from VO2 to TiO2. Notably, in (001)‐VO2 film, where oxygen ions move along the open channels, the oxygen migration deepens the depleted region beyond that in (100)‐VO2, leading to more pronounced changes in metal‐insulator transition behaviors. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the intrinsic crystal structure, such as channel pathways, in controlling ionic defects and customizing electrical properties for applications.
Conformation‐Driven Responsive 1D and 2D Lanthanide‐Metal‐Organic Framework Heterostructures for High‐Security Photonic Barcodes
Authors: Yang Shuo , Xu Yuyu , Lin Ru , Feng Xingwei , Wang Kai , Wang Zhitong , Cui Ke , Chen Shunwei , Wang Zifei , Wang Xue , Chen Shiwei , Zhang Wei , Zhu Chaofeng , Gao Zhenhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDevelopment of luminescent segmented heterostructures featuring multiple spatial‐responsive blocks is important to achieve miniaturized photonic barcodes toward anti‐counterfeit applications. Unfortunately, dynamic manipulation of the spatial color at micro/nanoscale still remains a formidable challenge. Here, a straightforward strategy is proposed to construct spatially varied heterostructures through amplifying the conformation‐driven response in flexible lanthanide‐metal‐organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs), where the thermally induced minor conformational changes in organic donors dramatically modulate the photoluminescence of Ln acceptors. Notably, compositionally and structurally distinct heterostructures (1D and 2D) are further constructed through epitaxial growth of multiple responsive MOF blocks benefiting from the isomorphous Ln‐MOF structures. The thermally controlled emissive colors with distinguishable spectra carry the fingerprint information of a specific heterostructure, thus allowing for the effective construction of smart photonic barcodes with spatially responsive characteristics. The results will deepen the understanding of the conformation‐driven responsive mechanism and also provide guidance to fabricate complex stimuli‐responsive hierarchical microstructures for advanced optical recording and high‐security labels.
Superspreading Surface with Hierarchical Porous Structure for Highly Efficient Vapor–Liquid Phase Change Heat Dissipation
Authors: Liu Luqi , Fu Chao , Li Shuangyang , Zhu Lijing , Ma Fuliang , Zeng Zhixiang , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuperspreading surfaces with excellent water transport efficiency are highly desirable for addressing thermal failures through the liquid–vapor phase change of water in electronics thermal management applications. However, the trade‐off between capillary pressure and viscous resistance in traditional superspreading surfaces with micro/ nanostructures poses a longstanding challenge in the development of superspreading surfaces with high cooling efficiency in confined spaces. Herein, a heat‐treated hierarchical porous enhanced superspreading surface (HTHP) for highly efficient electronic cooling is proposed. Compared with the single porous structures in nanograss, nanosheets, and copper foam, HTHP with hierarchical honeycomb pores effectively resolves the trade‐off effect by introducing large vertical through‐pores to reduce viscous resistance, and connected small pores to provide sufficient capillary pressure synergistically. HTHP exhibits excellent capillary performance in both horizontal spreading and vertical rising. Despite a thickness of only 0.33 mm, the as‐prepared ultrathin vapor chamber (UTVC) fabricated to exploit the superior capillary performance of HTHP achieved effective heat dissipation with outstanding thermal conductivity (12 121 Wm−1K−1), and low thermal resistance (0.1 KW−1) at a power of 5 W. This regulation strategy based on hierarchical honeycomb porous structures is expected to promote the development of high‐performance superspreading surfaces with a wide range of applications in thermal management.
Fully Recycled Polyolefin Elastomer‐Based Vitrimers with Ultra‐High, Universal, Stable, and Switchable Adhesion
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Xinghuo , Chen Yukun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAchieving both robust adhesion to arbitrary surfaces and thermal‐switchable/recyclable properties has proven challenging, particularly for commodity polyolefins. Herein, a simple and effective route is reported to transform polyolefins elastomer (POE) into a fully recycled epoxy‐functionalized POE vitrimers (E‐POE vit) with ultra‐high, universal, stable, and switchable adhesion via facile free radical grafting and dynamic cross‐linking. The resultant E‐POE vit exhibits increase in adhesion strength on glass exceeding three to ten times compared to those commonly used polymers, due to the synergy of dense hydrogen (H)‐bonds and strong interfacial affinity. In addition, E‐POE vit also displays strong adhesion on diverse surfaces ranging from inorganic to organic while maintaining good stability in various harsh environments. More importantly, temperature‐sensitive H‐bonds allow E‐POE vit to switch between attachment‐detachment at alternating temperatures, resulting in reversible adhesion without adhesion loss, even after 10 cycles. Moreover, E‐POE vit is able to be fully recycled and reused more than ten times via thermo‐activated transesterification reactions with negligible change in structure and performance. This work may unlock strategies to fabricate high‐performance commercial polymer‐based adhesives with adhesion and recyclable features for intelligent and sustainable applications.
Biochar Meets Single‐Atom: A Catalyst for Efficient Utilization in Environmental Protection Applications and Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhou Ting , Deng Jie , Zeng Yuxi , Liu Xiaoqian , Song Biao , Ye Shujing , Li Meifang , Yang Yang , Wang Ziwei , Zhou Chengyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs), combining the advantages of multiphase and homogeneous catalysis, have been increasingly investigated in various catalytic applications. Carbon‐based SACs have attracted much attention due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, particular electronic structure, and excellent stability. As a cheap and readily available carbon material, biochar has begun to be used as an alternative to carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other such expensive carbon matrices to prepare SACs. However, a review of biochar‐based SACs for environmental pollutant removal and energy conversion and storage is lacking. This review focuses on strategies for synthesizing biochar‐based SACs, such as pre‐treatment of organisms with metal salts, insertion of metal elements into biochar, or pyrolysis of metal‐rich biomass, which are more simplistic ways of synthesizing SACs. Meanwhile, this paper attempts to 1) demonstrate their applications in environmental remediation based on advanced oxidation technology and energy conversion and storage based on electrocatalysis; 2) reveal the catalytic oxidation mechanism in different catalytic systems; 3) discuss the stability of biochar‐based SACs; and 4) present the future developments and challenges regarding biochar‐based SACs.