bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed multi component reactions (MCR): synthesis of novel thiazolidinones as anticancer agents
Authors: Raghava Sharma Ganapavarapu Veera , Devi Bandaru , Reddy Karri Someswara , Reddy Mallidi Veeraghava , Kondapi Anand Kumar , Bhaskar Cherukuvada 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Montmorillonite K10 is a suitable catalyst in a multicomponent reaction involving an aldehyde, an amine, and thioglycolic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent at moderate (50°C) to reasonably high (120°C) temperatures to form thiazolidinones. The reaction involves easy workup and purification. Several thiazolidinones were prepared. In particular, campholenic aldehyde obtained from α-pinene was used to synthesize potentially bioactive thiazolidinones. All products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra. Preliminary anticancer screening tests revealed that two compounds show anticancer activity and can be taken up for further screening.
Graphene: A Dynamic Platform for Electrical Control of Plasmonic Resonance
Authors: Emani Naresh Kumar , Kildishev Alexander V. , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Graphene has recently emerged as a viable platform for integrated optoelectronic
and hybrid photonic devices because of its unique properties. The optical
properties of graphene can be dynamically controlled by electrical voltage and
have been used to modulate the plasmons in noble metal nanostructures. Graphene
has also been shown to support highly confined intrinsic plasmons, with
properties that can be tuned in the wavelength range of 2 μm to 100 μm. Here we
review the recent development in graphene-plasmonic devices and identify some of
the key challenges for practical applications of such hybrid devices.
Biogeochemical Interactions In The Application Of Biotechnological Strategies To Marine Sediments Contaminated With Metals
Authors: Fonti Viviana , Dell’Anno Antonio , Beolchini Francesca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSediment contamination in coastal areas with high anthropogenic pressure is a widespread environmental problem. Metal contaminants are of particular concern, since they are persistent and cannot be degraded. Microorganisms can influence metal mobility in the sediment by several direct and indirect processes. However, the actual fate of metals in the environment is not easily predictable and several biogeochemical constraints affect their behaviour. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the sediment play an important role and the general assumptions for soils or freshwater sediments cannot be extended to marine sediments. In this paper we analysed the correlation between metal mobility and main geochemical properties of the sediment. Although the prediction of metal fate in sediment environment, both forex-situbioleaching treatments andin-situbiostimulation strategies, appears to require metal-specific and site-specific tools, we found that TOM and pH are likely the main variables in describing and predicting Zn behaviour. Arsenic solubilisation/increase in mobility appears to correlate positively with carbonate content. Cd, Pb and Ni appear to require multivariate and/or non-linear approaches.
Effect Of Environmental Load On The Toxicity Of Bottom Sediments
Authors: Šestinová Oľga , Findoráková Lenka , Dolinská Silvia , Hančuľák Jozef , Špaldon Tomislav , Fedorová Erika 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study is devoted to Ecotoxicity tests, Terrestrial Plant Test (modification of OECD 208), Phytotoxkit microbiotest on Sinapis alba and chronic tests of Earthworm (Eisenia veneta), modification of OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals 317, Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes on polluted sediments. Earthworms can accelerate the removal of contaminants from soil. The study materials are river sediments, which were obtained from a monitoring station - the Water reservoir the Ružín No.1 particularly, the river Hornád, Hnilec and sample from sludge bed Rudňany. The samples of sediment were used to assess of the potential phytotoxic effect of heavy metals on higher plants. Total mortality was established in earthworms using chronic toxicity test after 7 and 28 exposure days. Based on the phytotoxicity testing, phytotoxic effects of the metals contaminated sediments from the sludge bed Rudňany on S. alba seeds was observed. The largest concentration differences were recorded in the sample R7 after 7 days earthworms exposure. The earthworms mortality was not influenced by sediment neither after 7 nor 28 exposure days The spectra of samples H, HO and R showed broad peak at 1 419 - 1 512 cm−1 characteristic for carbonate radical. In the spectra of the samples (R and R7) the vibration of C-H groups at 2 926 and 2 921 cm−1, respectively were also observed, demonstrating the presence of organic matter. Our research will continue with determination of metals concentration in earthworms.
Effect Of Wood-Based Biochar And Sewage Sludge Amendments For Soil Phosphorus Availability
Authors: Frišták Vladimír , Soja Gerhard 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of two biochars (pyrolysed wood chips and garden clippings) on phosphorus (P) availability in a heavy-metal contaminated soil poor in phosphorus. Short-term 14-days incubation experiments were conducted to study how applications of biochars at different rates (1 and 5 %) in combination with (1:1) and without dried sewage sludge from a municipal waste water treatment plant (WWTP) affected the content of soil extractable P. For P-availability analyses deionized water, calcium acetate lactate (CAL), Mehlich 3 and Olsen extraction protocols were applied. In addition, the content of total and mobile forms of potentially toxic heavy metals (PTHM) was studied. Application of both biochars caused a significant decrease of PTHM available forms in sewage sludge amended soil samples. The concentration of total and available P increased with higher biochar and sewage sludge application rates.
The Ouroboros Model Embraces Its Sensory-Motoric Foundations And Learns To Talk
Authors: Thomsen Knud 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Ouroboros Model proposes a brain inspired cognitive architecture including detailed suggestions for the main processing steps in an overall conceptualization of cognition as embodied and embedded computing. All memories are structured into schemata, which are firmly grounded in the body of an actor. A cyclic and iterative data-acquisition and -processing loop forms the backbone of all cognitive activity. Ever more sophisticated schemata are built up incrementally from the wide combination of neural activity, concurrent at the point in time when the memory is established; i.e., distinct representations are accrued. Later on, an entire schema can be reinstated from diverse subsets of its constituent features. In order to decode or compile ever more elaborate constructions, extant building blocks are concatenated. They are serially linked via common or “connection-attributes” of different representations and symbols, and they are employed for serial perception, processing and action, in particular, also for language production. At various levels, commonalities between different schemata lead to a similar preferred use of their respective tokens and subsequently shared categorizations. Rules, for the concatenation of words, akin to the ones governing chemical reactions, can be abstracted. As special kinds of symbols, words and word-classes along with the whole grammar of a language can thus be seen as a direct consequence of the processes outlined in the Ouroboros Model. Strong emphasis is put on the dimension of time over short intervals during active experience and performance, and, in particular, during interactions with other agents.
Theoretical Controversies—Terminological Biases: Consciousness Revisited
Authors: Kondor Zsuzsanna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although scientific practice sometimes encounters philosophical difficulties, it cannot shoulder the burden of resolving them. This can lead to controversies. An unavoidable difficulty is rooted in the linguistic attitude, i.e., in the fact that to a considerable extent we express our thoughts in words. I will attempt to illuminate some important characteristics of linguistic expression which lead to paradoxical situations, identifiable thanks to philosophy. In my argument, I will investigate how the notion of consciousness has altered over the course of philosophical investigation and how it relates to recent scientific practice. In conclusion, I will focus on a few recent so-called radical positions in philosophy with regard to a framework within which consciousness and more generally mental phenomena can be regarded in a new light, as well as on the barriers we face when trying to unify scientific results.
Emotional Stress as a Precipitating Factor in Sudden Deaths Due to Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: Malik MAO 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The association of attacks of coronary insufficiency to episodes of physical effort is now seldom in doubt. On the other hand their association with bouts of emotional stress has not been so well recognized or universally accepted. A large number of autopsies were performed for the coroner on victims of sudden coronary deaths. The case histories of a number of these victims indicated that death was precipitated by some emotional factor. The intention here is not to present a statistical epidemiological analysis of the situation—largely because this is an impracticable proposition for it is often difficult or even impossible to obtain a proper and reliable eyewitness account of the attendant circumstances—but rather to describe some relevant, reliably documented cases of sudden coronary deaths related to a range of emotional behavior patterns, including anger, grief, depression, fright, and excitement.
Evaluation of Amnesia in Criminal-Legal Situations
Authors: Sadoff RL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Quite frequently in the examination of a defendant in a criminal matter the defendant will say, “I don't remember what happened,” or the examining psychiatrist may find that there is a period of fuzziness or hazy memory at the time of the commission of the crime. It is precisely this time period that is essential for the examining psychiatrist to explore with respect to mental state and criminal responsibility. Usually the crimes for which a psychiatrist is called are major ones such as homicide, robbery, and rape. This paper will briefly explore the problem of amnesia in the examination of a defendant in a criminal matter.
A Case of Infanticide
Authors: DiMaio VJM , Bernstein CG 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The murder of a child by an adult, especially a parent, is one of the most difficult crimes for the public or a physician to understand. Such murders are usually isolated events committed in the heat of passion or insanity. Rarely, however, one encounters an individual who deliberately and systematically murders children over a long period of time for no logical reason. Here is presented a case of an alleged habitual child murderer whose career apparently spanned 23 years.
The Restoration of Obliterated Stamped Serial Numbers by Ultrasonically Induced Cavitation in Water
Authors: Young SG 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Serial numbers on stolen property or guns are often removed by filing or grinding. On recovered property it is necessary to restore the numbers sufficiently so that they may be read or photographed before they can serve as evidence. In recent years aluminum and metals other than iron and steel have been increasingly used for vehicles, tools, firearms, etc [1]. Several restoration methods exist for each of these types of metals, but they involve chemical [2], magnetic, dye penetrant, or heat treatment methods. Also, each method is usually unique for the type of metal being examined, and many of these methods allow the numbers to show up only temporarily, with great skill being required to gain the needed photographic evidence. Furthermore, the specimen usually requires a series of mechanical and chemical treatments such as grinding, polishing, and etching, before the numbers can be seen. These treatments all run the risk of losing any residual traces of the numbers due to the restoration technique itself.
Technique for the Separation of Ink Dyestuffs with Similar RF Values
Authors: Kuranz RL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The use of Eastman Kodak Chromagram® sheet for the separation of the various dyestuffs used in the compounding of inks has already been documented [1]. It has developed into one of the more useful techniques for the identification of inks. Both silica gel and cellulose Chromagram® sheets are now commonly used with a variety of eluent systems. Notwithstanding the variety of techniques available to the chromatographer, there are still certain mixtures of dyestuffs which do not yield clear-cut separations. The technique which will be reported here allows better separations to be made when used on these difficult mixtures.
Character Education Through the Constructivist Design of Islamic Education Subject at Elementary School Pembangunan Jaya II in Gedangan Sidoarjo
Authors: Rusydiyah Evi Fatimatur 
Published: July 2015

The objective of this study are (1) to determine the meaning of character education in the elementary school of Pembangunan Jaya II of Gedangan Sidoarjo, (2) to identify how the planning of character education through constructivist design on the Islamic education subjects in the elementary school of Pembangunan Jaya II of Gedangan Sidoarjo. Observation, in-depth interviews and documentation analysis were used in this study. The finding showed that: (1) elementary school Pembangunan Jaya II in Gedangan Sidoarjo has developed character education. The character education that is developed is fond of learning character, creative character, independent character and noble, (2) constructivist design that is developed by SD Pembangunan Jaya II Gedangan Sidoarjo has a component in accordance with the constructivist theory, namely, engage, explore, explain, extend, and evaluate. By the application of habituation based on the constructivist design make the students to have the attitude of eager to learn, creative, independent, and noble character in accordance with the main purpose of the school. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Pedagogical Reflection to Improve Professionalism of Islamic Education Teacher (GPAI) at Junior High School (SMP) Level through Applicable Design of Educational Curriculum and Professional Teacher Training (PLPG) in 2013
Authors: Siahaan Amiruddin , Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah 
Published: July 2015

Educational curriculum and teacher certification training (PLPG) is structured to ensure that participants are able to absorb learning materials and carry out its function as educators, teachers, counselors, and coaches. PLPG is a tool that allows teachers to carry out its functions effectively so that the wider implications for the learning process. Through the curriculum of teacher professionalism is pursued inherent in life and the life of the teacher. Professionalism attached to it can be seen from the reflection that they appear in everyday life in a pedagogical context, personality, professional, and social. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Intracellular Expression of an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody Single-Chain Variable Fragment Reduces Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in MARC-145 Cells
Authors: Li Qiongyi , Wang Xiangpeng , Wang Chengbao , Yu Ying , Wang Gang , Gao Jiming , Liu Hongliang , Xie Huali , Huang Baicheng , Li Zhijun , Kong Ning , Zhang Gaiping , Hsu Walter H , Zhou En-Min 
Published: July 2015

Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; it is one of the most economically important viral diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide. At present, neither live-attenuated nor inactivated PRRSV vaccines can provide sustainable disease control. Our previous studies have demonstrated that PRRSV infection can produce the auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies (aAb2s) specific to the idiotypic antibodies against PRRSV GP5, which plays an important role in the host immune responses to PRRSV infection. In the present study, a single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) from the monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the idiotypic antibody against GP5 was expressed in MARC-145 cells and its effect on virus infection in vitro was evaluated. Methods An scFv was constructed from the anti-idiotypic antibody (Mab2-5G2) and was named 5G2scFv. The lentiviral vector system was used as a vehicle to deliver 5G2scFv into MARC-145 cells. The effect of 5G2scFv expression in MARC-145 was analysed by determining the PRRSV N protein level and the virus titre in the supernatant. Virus attachment and the level of type I interferon (IFN) were determined to elucidate the mechanism of the scFv effect. Results 5G2scFv was delivered in MARC-145 cells using the lentiviral vector system as confirmed by the western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The PRRSV challenge experiments demonstrated that expressed 5G2scFv in MARC-145 strongly reduced PRRSV infection and replication by inhibiting protein synthesis and progeny virus production. This effect was not due to the change of viability or virus binding, but increased IFN-α at messenger RNA and protein levels. Conclusions The expression of the anti-idiotypic antibody 5G2scFv in MARC-145 cells has the interferential effect on PRRSV infection in the cells by induction of IFN-α, which provides a novel therapeutic approach for PRRSV infection.
Detecting Arctic oil spills with NMR: a feasibility study
Authors: Chavez Lana , Altobelli Stephen , Fukushima Eiichi , Zhang Tongsheng , Nedwed Tim , Palandro David , Srnka Len , Thomann Hans 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTo meet the world’s growing energy needs, the oil industry is pursuing oil resources in ice‐prone regions. These activities will require robust oil spill contingency plans. One area of need is a method to remotely detect oil that is trapped beneath or within ice. The current operational method for oil detection within or under ice requires placing personnel on the ice to take measurements. A primary challenge with these measurements is the speed at which they can be collected. Presented here is a scaled‐down prototype of an Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance device that can be moved from one spot to another on the ice by a helicopter to quickly survey large areas. This small‐scale version has been built and tested. It successfully differentiates an oil surrogate from the bulk water signal by using an adiabatic inversion, followed by a delay to suppress the otherwise overwhelming water signal before acquiring the signal after an adiabatic half passage. The device will be scaled up, and further testing will be conducted. Initial proof‐of‐principle results show great promise for the development of a remote oil detector.
2D characterization of near‐surface : surface‐wave dispersion inversion versus refraction tomography
Authors: Pasquet Sylvain , Bodet Ludovic , Longuevergne Laurent , Dhemaied Amine , Camerlynck Christian , Rejiba Fayçal , Guérin Roger 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe joint study of pressure (P‐) and shear (S‐) wave velocities ( and ), as well as their ratio (), has been used for many years at large scales but remains marginal in near‐surface applications. For these applications, and are generally retrieved with seismic refraction tomography combining P and SH (shear‐horizontal) waves, thus requiring two separate acquisitions. Surface‐wave prospecting methods are proposed here as an alternative to SH‐wave tomography in order to retrieve pseudo‐2D sections from typical P‐wave shot gathers and assess the applicability of combined P‐wave refraction tomography and surface‐wave dispersion analysis to estimate ratio. We carried out a simultaneous P‐ and surface‐wave survey on a well‐characterized granite‐micaschists contact at Plœmeur hydrological observatory (France), supplemented with an SH‐wave acquisition along the same line in order to compare results obtained from SH‐wave refraction tomography and surface‐wave profiling. Travel‐time tomography was performed with P‐ and SH‐ wave first arrivals observed along the line to retrieve and models. Windowing and stacking techniques were then used to extract evenly spaced dispersion data from P‐wave shot gathers along the line. Successive 1D Monte Carlo inversions of these dispersion data were performed using fixed Vp values extracted from the model and no lateral constraints between two adjacent 1D inversions. The resulting 1D models were then assembled to create a pseudo‐2D section, which appears to be correctly matching the general features observed on the section. If the pseudo‐section is characterized by strong velocity uncertainties in the deepest layers, it provides a more detailed description of the lateral variations in the shallow layers. Theoretical dispersion curves were also computed along the line with both and models. While the dispersion curves computed from models provide results consistent with the coherent maxima observed on dispersion images, dispersion curves computed from models are generally not fitting the observed propagation modes at low frequency. Surface‐wave analysis could therefore improve Vs models both in terms of reliability and ability to describe lateral variations. Finally, we were able to compute VP/VS sections from both and models. The two sections present similar features, but the section obtained from shows a higher lateral resolution and is consistent with the features observed on electrical resistivity tomography, thus validating our approach for retrieving VP/VS ratio from combined P‐wave tomography and surface‐wave profiling.
Glasba antike v estetski misli Eduarda Hanslicka
Authors: Snoj Jurij 
Published: July 2015

V svojem vplivnem delu O glasbeno lepem je Eduard Hanslick prišel do zaključka, da antični svet ni poznal glasbe v pravem pomenu besede. V Hanslickovi misli so bile za vsako glasbeno delo bistvene njegove »s tonskim gibanjem nastale oblike«. Analiza ustreznih mest v korpusu Platonovih del kaže, da antična filozofija glasbe ni poznala nič ustreznega navedenemu Hanslickovemu pojmu, pač pa je sodila primerke glasbe po povsem drugih kvalitetah.