bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress and cannabinoid receptor expression in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas following treatment with Δ9‐THC
Authors: Coskun Zeynep Mine , Bolkent Sema 
Published: September 2014

The objectives of study were (a) to determine alteration of feeding, glucose level and oxidative stress and (b) to investigate expression and localization of cannabinoid receptors in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas treated with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, Δ9‐THC, diabetes and diabetes + Δ9‐THC groups. Diabetic rats were treated with a single dose of nicotinamide (85 mg/kg) 15 min before injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Δ9‐THC was administered intraperitoneally at 3 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Body weights and blood glucose level of rats in all groups were measured on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. On day 15 after the Δ9‐THC injections, pancreatic tissues were removed. Blood glucose levels and body weights of diabetic rats treated with Δ9‐THC did not show statistically significant changes when compared with the diabetic animals on days 7, 14 and 21. Treatment with Δ9‐THC significantly increased pancreas glutathione levels, enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in diabetes compared with non‐treatment diabetes group. The cannabinoid 1 receptor was found in islets, whereas the cannabinoid 2 receptor was found in pancreatic ducts. Their localization in cells was both nuclear and cytoplasmic. We can suggest that Δ9‐THC may be an important agent for the treatment of oxidative damages induced by diabetes. However, it must be supported with anti‐hyperglycaemic agents. Furthermore, the present study for the first time emphasizes that Δ9‐THC may improve pancreatic cells via cannabinoid receptors in diabetes.The aim of present study was to elucidate the effects of Δ9‐THC, a natural cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the expression and localization of cannabinoid receptors, and oxidative stress statue in type‐2 diabetic rat pancreas. Results demonstrate that the cannabinoid receptors are presented in both Langerhans islets and duct regions. The curative effects of Δ9‐THC can be occurred via activation of cannabinoid receptors in diabetic rat pancreas. Moreover, it may provide a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by diabetes. Thus, it is suggested that Δ9‐THC can be a candidate for therapeutic alternatives of diabetes symptoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pogostol Biosynthesis by the Endophytic Fungus Geniculosporium
Authors: Barra Lena , Schulz Barbara , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSix 13C‐labelled isotopomers of mevalonolactone were synthesised and used in feeding experiments with the endophytic fungus Geniculosporium. The high incorporation rates of 13C‐label into a sesquiterpene that was found in headspace extracts of the fungus enabled unambiguous identification of this volatile as pogostol without the need for compound purification, simply by collecting the volatile fraction with a closed‐loop stripping apparatus followed by direct 13C NMR analysis (CLSA‐NMR). The feeding experiments also gave insights into the biosynthesis of pogostol, including stereochemical aspects of the terpene cyclisation reaction. The possible biological function of pogostol is discussed.
K562 cells display different vulnerability to H2O2 induced oxidative stress in differing cell cycle phases
Authors: Akcakaya Handan , Dal Fulya , Tok Sabiha , Cinar Suzan‐Adin , Nurten Rustem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOxidative stress can be defined as the increase of oxidizing agents like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, or the imbalance between the antioxidative defense mechanism and oxidants. Cell cycle checkpoint response can be defined as the arrest of the cell cycle functioning after damaging chemical exposure. This temporary arrest may be a period of time given to the cells to repair the DNA damage before entering the cycle again and completing mitosis. In order to determine the effects of oxidative stress on several cell cycle phases, human erytroleukemia cell line (K562) was synchronized with mimosine and genistein, and cell cycle analysis carried out. Synchronized cells were exposed to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at several concentrations and different times. Changes on mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) of K562 cells were analyzed in G1, S, and G2/M using Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123). To determine apoptosis and necrosis, stressed cells were stained with Annexin V (AnnV) and propidium iodide (PI) for flow cytometry. Changes were observed in the ΔΨm of synchronized and asynchronized cells that were exposed to oxidative stress. Synchronized cells in S phase proved resistant to the effects of oxidative stress and synchronized cells at G2/M phase were sensitive to the effects of H2O2‐induced oxidative stress at 500 μM and above.
Synthetic mitochondria as therapeutics against systemic aging: a hypothesis
Authors: Tang Bor Luen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe hypothesize herein that synthetic mitochondria, engineered, or reprogrammed to be more energetically efficient and to have mildly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, would be an effective form of therapeutics against systemic aging. The free radical and mitochondria theories of aging hold that mitochondria‐generated ROS underlies chronic organelle, cell and tissues damages that contribute to systemic aging. More recent findings, however, collectively suggest that while acute and massive ROS generation during events such as tissue injury is indeed detrimental, subacute stresses, and chronic elevation in ROS production may instead induce a state of mitochondrial hormesis (or “mitohormesis”) that could extend lifespan. Mitohormesis appears to be a convergent mechanism for several known anti‐aging signaling pathways. Importantly, mitohormetic signaling could also occur in a non‐cell autonomous manner, with its induction in neurons affecting gut cells, for example. Technologies are outlined that could lead towards testing of the hypothesis, which include genetic and epigenetic engineering of the mitochondria, as well as intercellular transfer of mitochondria from transplanted helper cells to target tissues.
A Bipolar Transporter as an Efficient Green Fluorescent Emitter and Host for Red Phosphors in Multi‐ and Single‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Jun , Chen Zhan , Wang Kai , An Feifei , Yuan Yi , Chen Wencheng , Yang Qingdan , Zhang Xiaohong , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMultifunctional donor–acceptor compound 4,4′‐bis(dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide‐2‐yl)triphenylamine (DSTPA) was obtained by linking a strongly electron‐withdrawing core and a strongly electron‐donating core with a biphenyl bridge in linear spatial alignment. DSTPA not only has suitable HOMO and LUMO levels for easily accepting both holes and electrons, it was also demonstrated to have a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.98 and a high triplet energy level of 2.39 eV. Versatile applications of DSTPA for bipolar transport, green fluorescent emission, and sensitizing a red phosphor were systematically investigated in a series of multi‐ and single‐layer organic light‐emitting devices. In traditional multilayer devices, it shows excellent performance both in an undoped fluorescent device (used as a green emitter and achieving maximum current and power efficiencies (CE and PE) of 12.6 cd A−1 and 9.4 Lm W−1, respectively) and in a red phosphorescent device (used as a host and achieving maximum CE and PE of 26.4 cd A−1 and 26.3 Lm W−1, respectively). Furthermore, DSTPA was also simultaneously used as an emitter, a hole transporter, and an electron transporter in a single‐layer device showing CE and PE of 5.1 cd A−1 and 4.7 Lm W−1, respectively. A single‐layer red phosphorescent device with efficiencies of 11.7 cd A−1 and 12.6 Lm W−1 was obtained by doping DSTPA with a red phosphor. The performances of all of the devices in this work are comparable to the best of their corresponding classes in the literature.
Photoorganocatalytic Hydroacylation of Dialkyl Azodicarboxylates by Utilising Activated Ketones as Photocatalysts
Authors: Papadopoulos Giorgos N. , Limnios Dimitris , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA fast and efficient visible‐light metal‐free hydroacylation of dialkyl azodicarboxylates is described. Among a variety of activated ketones, phenyl glyoxylic acid and its ethyl ester were identified as suitable photoorganocatalysts. A range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes were employed, thus leading to products in high to excellent yields.
Pentacene‐Fused Diporphyrins
Authors: Jiang Lin , Engle James T. , Zaenglein Ross A. , Matus Alex , Ziegler Christopher J. , Wang Hong , Stillman Martin J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this work, we report the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical analysis of a linearly conjugated pentacene‐fused porphyrin dimer and cross‐conjugated quinone‐fused dinaphtho[2,3]porphyrins. These multichromophoric systems display non‐typical UV‐visible absorptions of either porphyrins or pentacenes/quinones. UV‐visible, emission and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy suggest strong electronic interactions among the multichromophores in the system. DFT calculations revealed the delocalization of the HOMOs and LUMOs spanning the entire dimer and linker assembly. The pentacene‐fused porphyrin dimer is significantly more stable than both the corresponding pentacene and the heptacene derivatives. The availability of these huge π‐extended and electronically highly interactive multichromophoric systems promises unprecedented electronic and photophysical properties.
Succession in family versus nonfamily SMEs: What influence does it have on performance?
Authors: Colot Olivier , Bauweraerts Jonathan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe literature on family SMEs usually shows a negative influence of succession on performance. Based on a behavioural approach, we identify several advantages of intrafamily succession that enhance value creation. In order to confirm the positive impact of intrafamily succession on performance, a matched pair research design is used to compare the effect of succession between 102 family and nonfamily SMEs. Our results indicate that intrafamily succession contributes to value creation in family SMEs. Moreover, intrafamily succession leads to higher levels of performance in comparison with nonfamily SMEs experiencing succession and ownership transfer. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reversing influence of involvement on the framing effect: The role of emotions and negativity
Authors: Saqib Najam U. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Asian disease problem (ADP), as a demonstration of the framing effect, revealed a preference reversal between options perceived as risky and those perceived as certain. This research identifies individuals' involvement level as a moderator of the framing effect. The framing effect in the ADP consisted of emotional choice outcomes regarding human lives. Two studies in this paper demonstrate that when based on emotional choices, the framing effect in high involvement conditions increases in size. Interestingly, this influence of involvement reverses when the framing effect is based on rational choices. The studies reveal that the negativity invoked by the certain loss option is instrumental in the underlying mechanism of the risky choice framing effect, such as that demonstrated by the ADP. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Over the Line: Managers' experience of a labour strike
Authors: Scales Austin , Kelloway E. Kevin , Francis Lori 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe experiences of managers who continue to work through a labour stoppage is a largely overlooked question in industrial relations research and practice. Qualitative long interviews were conducted with managers who worked through a strike. A shared narrative for managers' strike experiences emerged. Managers perceived that their prestrike workplace was cooperative and characterized by positive labour‐management relationships. The strike was experienced as contentious and personalized with managers reporting that they and their families were targets of aggression from strikers. The managers envisioned a more formal poststrike workplace characterized by less collegial labour‐management interactions. We discuss the implications of these findings and call for further research on managers' experiences of industrial relations events. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplatform comparison of molecular oncology tests performed on cytology specimens and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue
Authors: Gailey Michael P. , Stence Aaron A. , Jensen Chris S. , Ma Deqin 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDMolecular oncology testing is important for patient management, and requests for the molecular analysis of cytology specimens are increasingly being made. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) cell blocks of such specimens have been routinely used for molecular diagnosis. However, the inability to assess cellularity before cell block preparation is a pitfall of their use. In this study, various cytologic preparations were tested with several molecular test platforms, and the results were compared with paired FFPE tissue.METHODSSeventy‐seven cytology cases, including fine‐needle aspiration smears, touch preparations, and SurePath thin‐layer preparations, were selected from the archives. Areas of interest were removed from the slide with a matrix capture solution. DNA extracted from the cells was evaluated by mutation analysis for BRAF, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), RAS, and a 50‐gene panel with various testing platforms (single‐nucleotide primer extension assay, Sanger sequencing, and next‐generation sequencing). Thirty‐eight tumors with available FFPE tissue were tested in parallel.RESULTSThe average DNA concentration was 299 ng/µL for the cytology specimens and 171 ng/µg for the paired FFPE tissue. Point mutations and large deletions were detected in BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and EGFR genes. In comparison with FFPE tissue, 5‐ to 8‐fold less input DNA was needed when cytology preparations were used. The concordance between cytology specimens and FFPE tissue was 100%.CONCLUSIONSCytologic preparations were found to be a reliable source for molecular oncology testing. DNA derived from cytology specimens performed well on multiple platforms, and 100% concordance was observed between cytology specimens and FFPE tissue. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:30–9. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
OH‐Initiated Photooxidations of 1‐Pentene and 2‐Methyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol: Mechanism and Yields of the Primary Carbonyl Products
Authors: Peirone Silvina A. , Cometto Pablo M. , Lane Silvia I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe products of the gas‐phase reactions of OH radicals with 1‐pentene and 2‐methyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol (221MPO) at T=298±2 K and atmospheric pressure were investigated by using a 4500 L atmospheric simulation chamber that was built especially for this work. The molar yield of butyraldehyde was 0.74±0.12 mol for the reaction of 1‐pentene. This work provides the first product molar yield determination of formaldehyde (0.82±0.12 mol), 1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐one (0.84±0.13 mol), and methacrolein (0.078±0.012 mol) from the reaction of 221MPO with OH radicals. The mechanism of this reaction is discussed in relation to the experimental results. Additionally, taking into consideration the complex mechanism, the rate coefficients of the reactions of OH with formaldehyde, 1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐one, and methacrolein were derived at atmospheric pressure and T=298±2 K.; the obtained values were (8.9±1.6)×10−12, (2.4±1.4)×10−12, and (22.9±2.3)×10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively.
Influence of Substrate Steps on the Catalytic Properties of Pt Layers: The Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction
Authors: Prieto Mauricio J. , Tremiliosi‐Filho Germano 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is investigated on Pt/Au(hkl) electrodes. The Au(hkl) single crystals used belong to the [n(111)x(110)] family of planes. Pt is deposited following the galvanic exchange of a previously deposited Cu monolayer using a Pt2+ solution. Deposition is not epitaxial and the defects on the underlying Au(hkl) substrates are partially transferred to the Pt films. Moreover, an additional (100)‐step‐like defect is formed, probably as a result of the strain resulting from the Pt and Au lattice mismatch. Regarding the EOR, both vicinal Pt/Au(hkl) surfaces exhibit a behavior that differs from that expected for stepped Pt; for instance, the smaller the step density on the underlying Au substrate, the greater the ability to break the CC bond in the ethanol molecule, as determined by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Also, we found that the acetic acid production is favored as the terrace width decreases, thus reflecting the inefficiency of the surface array to cleave the ethanol molecule.
Nano‐Sized Quaternary CuGa2In3S8 as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kandiel Tarek A. , Anjum Dalaver H. , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of quaternary metal sulfide (QMS) nanocrystals is challenging because of the difficulty to control their stoichiometry and phase structure. Herein, quaternary CuGa2In3S8 photocatalysts with a primary particle size of ≈4 nm are synthesized using a facile hot‐injection method by fine‐tuning the sulfur source injection temperature and aging time. Characterization of the samples reveals that quaternary CuGa2In3S8 nanocrystals exhibit n‐type semiconductor characteristics with a transition band gap of ≈1.8 eV. Their flatband potential is located at −0.56 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode at pH 6.0 and is shifted cathodically by 0.75 V in solutions with pH values greater than 12.0. Under optimized conditions, the 1.0 wt % Ru‐loaded CuGa2In3S8 photocatalyst exhibits a photocatalytic H2 evolution response up to 700 nm and an apparent quantum efficiency of (6.9±0.5) % at 560 nm. These results indicate clearly that QMS nanocrystals have great potential as nano‐photocatalysts for solar H2 production.
Modular Synthesis of pH‐Sensitive Fluorescent Diaza[4]helicenes
Authors: Wallabregue Antoine , Sherin Petr , Guin Joyram , Besnard Céline , Vauthey Eric , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConfigurationally stable diaza[4]helicenes have been prepared in two steps by using a particularly facile N–N bond‐cleavage reaction. The synthetic procedure uses hydrazine (NH2NH2) for the introduction of a single nitrogen atom. The strategy is general, modular and highly tolerant to functional groups. A mechanistic rationale is proposed for the spontaneous N–N bond‐cleavage reaction. The resulting helical quinacridines are dyes that present absorption and emission properties that can be modulated as a function of pH; the pink quinacridine and green protonated forms (pKa ≈ 9.0) display distinct optical features in the near‐IR region. Single enantiomers were obtained by chiral stationary phase HPLC resolution. The absolute configurations were assigned by comparison of the ECD spectra of the conjugated acids with those of known dialkylquinacridinium derivatives. A rather high racemization barrier was measured by means of variable‐temperature ECD experiments (ΔG‡ = 30.7 ± 4.0 kcal mol–1 at 140 °C).
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Aryl Grignard Reagents to Ketones
Authors: Fernández‐Mateos Emilio , Maciá Beatriz , Yus Miguel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report a catalytic system for the challenging enantioselective addition of aryl Grignard reagents to ketones. Using a simple, one‐pot procedure under mild conditions, a wide range of aromatic ketones are converted into diaryl alcohols in good yields and with good enantioselectivities.
The effect of conservation practices in sloped croplands on soil hydraulic properties and root‐zone moisture dynamics
Authors: Lin Lirong , Chen Jiazhou 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRain‐induced erosion and short‐term drought are the two factors that limit the productivity of croplands in the red soil region of subtropical China. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of conservation practices on hydraulic properties and root‐zone water dynamics of the soil. A 3‐year experiment was performed on a slope at Xianning. Four treatments were evaluated for their ability to reduce soil erosion and improve soil water conditions. Compared with no practices (CK) and living grass strips (GS), the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) significantly reduced soil crust formation during intense rainfall, whereas rice straw mulching (SM) completely abolished soil crust formation. The SM and PAM treatments improved soil water‐stable aggregates, with a redistribution of micro‐aggregates into macro‐aggregates. PAM and SM significantly increased the soil water‐holding capacity. These practices mitigated the degradation of the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) during intense rainfalls. These methods increased soil water storage but with limited effects during heavy rainfalls in the wet period. In contrast, during the dry period, SM had the highest soil water storage, followed by PAM and CK. Grass strips had the lowest soil water storage because of the water uptake during the vigorous grass growth. A slight decline in the soil moisture resulted in a significant decrease in the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ku) of the topsoil. Therefore, the hydraulic conductivity in the field is governed by soil moisture, and the remaining soil moisture is more important than improving soil properties to resist short‐term droughts. As a result, SM is the most effective management practice when compared with PAM and GS, although they all protect the soil hydraulic properties during wet periods. These results suggest that mulching is the best strategy for water management in erosion‐threatened and drought‐threatened red soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal erosion in granular media: direct numerical simulations and energy interpretation
Authors: Sibille Luc , Lominé Franck , Poullain Philippe , Sail Yacine , Marot Didier 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInternal erosion in soils is characterized by a first step of detachment of solid particles from the granular skeleton under the action of water seepage; then the detached particles are transported with the water flow. For some erosion processes, such as suffusion, transported particles may finally be redeposited within the interstitial space of the soil itself acting as a filter. This paper focuses on the analysis and the description of the two first steps of particle detachment and transport in the cases of erosion by suffusion and piping erosion. The analysis is mainly based on direct numerical simulations performed with a fully coupled discrete element–lattice Boltzmann method. Inter‐particle interactions occurring in the solid granular phase are described with the discrete element method, whereas dynamics of the water flow is solved with the lattice Boltzmann method. Simulation results show that internal erosion of the solid phase can be described either from the hydraulic shear stress or from the power expended by the water seepage. The latter description based on the flow power is finally compared with experimental results from laboratory tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.