bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Troubled by Law: The Subjectivizing Effects of Danish Marriage Reunification Laws
Authors: Schmidt Garbi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBetween 2002 and 2003, Denmark introduced further limitations on its already restrictive regulations concerning family and marriage reunification. While several studies, both Danish and international, have discussed the effects of these and other family reunification laws on individual practice, we know very little about the their effects on people's self‐perceptions and norms. Based on a qualitative data set, including a total of 89 interviews with young people of immigrant background living in Denmark collected between 1999 and 2009, this article seeks to provide answers to this and related questions. As a social technology, do the regulations create changes in the practice field of the respondents which they gradually come to see as natural and reasonable, or do they leave them in a troubling subject position (Staunæs, 2005) based on a socially and legislatively regulated stigma?
Antigen‐specific B lymphocytes acquire proteoglycan aggrecan from cartilage extracellular matrix resulting in antigen presentation and CD4+T‐cell activation
Authors: Ciechomska Marzena , Wilson Caroline L. , Floudas Achilleas , Hui Wang , Rowan Andrew D. , van Eden Willem , Robinson John H. , Knight Andrew M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe majority of studies examining antigen‐presenting cell (APC) function have focused on the capture and presentation of antigens released from pathogens or damaged cells. However, antigen‐specific B cells are also capable of efficiently extracting antigens that are either tethered to, or integrally part of the plasma membrane of various target cells. In this study we show that B cells are also highly efficient at extracting integral components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for subsequent presentation. In particular we demonstrate that B cells specific for aggrecan, an integral component of cartilage ECM, acquire this rheumatoid arthritis candidate autoantigen in both a B‐cell‐receptor‐dependent and a contact‐dependent manner. We also demonstrate that the subsequent presentation of aggregan from ECM leads to CD4+ T‐cell activation and effector cell formation. Recent studies have identified B‐cell‐mediated antigen presentation as essential for the development of autoimmunity, but a unique role for B cells compared with other APC has yet to be defined. Our findings lead us to propose that the acquisition of ECM‐derived autoantigens represents a mechanism that defines the APC requirement for B cells in the development of autoimmunity.
Uncertain Bequest Needs and Long‐Term Insurance Contracts
Authors: Fei Wenan , Fluet Claude , Schlesinger Harris 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe examine how long‐term life insurance contracts can be designed to incorporate uncertain future bequest needs. An individual who buys a life insurance contract early in life is often uncertain about the future financial needs of his or her family, in the event of an untimely death. Ideally, the individual would like to insure the risk of having high future bequest needs, but since bequest motives are typically unverifiable, a contract directly insuring these needs is not feasible. We derive a long‐term life insurance contract that is incentive compatible and achieves a higher welfare level than the naïve strategy of delaying the purchase of insurance until after one's bequest needs are known. We also examine the welfare effects of our contract and we show how third‐party financial products, although beneficial to the individual in the short run, can be detrimental to one's ex ante utility.
Internet‐based intervention programme for obese adolescents and their families (Next.Step): research protocol of a controlled trial
Authors: Sousa Pedro , Fonseca Helena , Gaspar Pedro , Gaspar Filomena 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimThis paper describes the design and rationale of a controlled trial that aims to determine the effectiveness of an intervention programme in which the internet is used.BackgroundAdolescent obesity is a major health problem, there being urgency to find effective interventions that induce behavioural change. The inclusion of the internet in the intervention may improve adolescents' adherence to the weight management programme and lead to adoption of healthier lifestyles.DesignA clinical trial with a control group (non‐randomized).MethodsParticipants are adolescents with appointments at a paediatric obesity clinic (Portugal). Sample size was calculated according to the power analysis. The experimental group will follow the standard treatment protocol and receive free access to the e‐therapeutic platform. The control group will follow the standard treatment protocol and join a waiting list. Intervention length will be 36 weeks (24 weeks of direct intervention with a follow‐up for 12 weeks). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee for Health (Lisbon, Portugal) in January 2012 and funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) in December 2012.DiscussionThe results of this research will promote reflection on new approaches directed to treat adolescent obesity and on the promotion of healthy behaviours. We expect to gather empirical evidence of the intervention programme effectiveness. The expectations lie on the population health gains, empowerment in decision‐making and adoption of healthier lifestyles.
Fecundity and longevity of Argentine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) queens in response to irradiation
Authors: Coulin C. , Calcaterra L. A. , Follett P. A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIrradiation is a post‐harvest quarantine treatment option to control ants and other hitchhiker pests on fresh horticultural products traded between countries. As little is known about irradiation effects on ants, radiotolerance of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae), was studied to determine a dose sufficient for its control. Queens collected from Buenos Aires, Argentina, were irradiated with 30, 60, 90 Gy or left untreated as controls, and then followed for 8 weeks to evaluate their survival and fecundity. Overall queen survival and brood viability decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The number of eggs was reduced by 50%, 69% and 56% in the 30, 60 and 90 Gy doses, respectively, compared with untreated control queens. The percentage of eggs that developed into larvae decreased from 41.1% in the control to 22.5%, 1.4%, and 0% in the 30, 60, and 90 Gy treatments, respectively. Thus, the number of larvae was reduced by 69% in the 30 Gy treatment compared with the control, only one larva was observed in the 60 Gy treatment, and none in the 90 Gy treatment. Only one pupa was observed in the 30 Gy treatment and none in the 60 and 90 Gy treatments during the 8‐week experiment. Queens irradiated with 60 and 90 Gy had significantly reduced longevity compared with queens treated with lower doses or untreated queens. Radiation dose ≥90 Gy stopped brood development in Argentine ant queens and should be sufficient as a phytosanitary treatment. The radiotolerance of Argentine ant appears to be similar to that of two other important invasive ants.
Reasons for referral, intervention approaches and demographic characteristics of clients with intellectual disability attending adult psychiatric outpatient services in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Grey I. , Al‐Saihati B. A. , Al‐Haddad M. , McClean B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundRelatively little information is available regarding the use of psychiatric services by individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in Arab countries. The current study aimed to identify (1) the reasons for referral; (2) demographic characteristics of individuals referred; (3) previous contact with child psychiatric services; (4) psychiatric diagnoses; (5) level of ID; (6) nature of interventions; and (7) patterns of medication usage in individuals attending a specialist psychiatric service for individuals with an ID in the Kingdom of Bahrain.MethodCase file analysis was used. Files that recorded attendance at the specialist service within a specific calendar year were selected. A total of 537 files were available for review and 79 contained records indicating the individual had been seen within the year.ResultsThe primary referral reason to adult psychiatric services was the presence of behavioural disturbance. Pharmacological intervention was the dominant treatment choice and no individual was recommended for psychological/behavioural intervention. Psychiatric diagnosis was not recorded in over 90% of cases.ConclusionServices in the Kingdom of Bahrain for individuals with ID rely exclusively on pharmacological approaches for the treatment of behavioural disorders. Implications for best practice guidelines are discussed.
Overweight and obesity in youth with developmental disabilities: a call to action
Authors: Grondhuis S. N. , Aman M. G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractElevated weight status has become a leading problem for adults and children around the world, regardless of the presence or lack of disability. Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities are more vulnerable than the typical population to overweight in recent decades, and these individuals often experience overweight and obesity at higher rates than their typically developing peers. Young people with disabilities have many circumstances, beyond those of typically developing children, which increase their risk for greater body mass. These include greater medication use, having syndromes with obesity as an associated symptom, and possessing altered eating habits related to their disability. We discuss obesity‐related health risks, possible weight management options, recommendations for weight maintenance or loss, and future research. Although most professionals who work with youth having developmental disabilities do not have great expertise in nutrition and weight management, we must collectively recognise the importance of weight issues for quality of life of these individuals and work with them in maintaining healthy lifestyles. Intervention options, both for caregivers and for health professionals, are discussed.
Openness and avoidance – a longitudinal study of fathers of children with intellectual disability
Authors: Boström P. K. , Broberg M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundFathers' interactions with children who have intellectual disabilities (ID) or developmental delays (DD) have increased over the past few decades and may be expected to continue to increase as maternal and paternal roles, along with other gender roles, become more equal. The aim of the present study was to explore fathers' experiences of parenthood in relation to a child with ID/DD from the initial discovery of the disability to 5 years later.MethodsFathers' experiences of parenting children with ID/DD were explored in a longitudinal framework. Seven Swedish fathers of young children with ID/DD participated in a series of semi‐structured interviews from 2005 to 2010, and their accounts were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed three themes: (1) An interrupted path – no longer taking things for granted, which describes the fathers' reactions to their children's diagnosis; (2) Being a good father, which describes the fathers' overall perceptions of their parenting of a child with ID/DD; and (3) Dealing with the unexpected, which describes fathers' individual ways of integrating, managing, and living with the knowledge of their child's disability over the 5 years during which fathers were interviewed.ConclusionsFathers' individual paths need to be taken into consideration when offering psychological support to families of children with ID/DD.
Dementia Care in Eight European Countries: Developing a Mapping System to Explore Systems
Authors: Hallberg Ingalill R. , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Meyer Gabriele , Raamat Katrin , Martin Maria Soto , Sutcliffe Caroline , Zabalegui Adelaida , Zwakhalen Sandra , Karlsson Staffan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPurposeThere is a knowledge gap with regard to the structure of the care and service system available to persons with dementia. This is very much a concern for nurses who are the main providers in the care of dementia. The study, a part of the “RightTimePlaceCare” project, describes the development and content of a mapping system aimed at exploring the content of care and service for persons with dementia and their informal caregiver throughout the disease trajectory. The usefulness of the mapping system is illustrated in describing the availability of care and service at the diagnostic stage, and at the institutional and palliative stages.DesignA descriptive cross‐country design concerning eight European countries differing in demographic composition and terms of long‐term care provided is employed.MethodsA modified consensus strategy was used to develop the mapping system and define the terminology. Thereafter, each country's mapping system was completed by its research group collecting country‐specific information and using expert groups either as consultants or for completing the system.FindingsThe consensus procedure worked satisfactorily with regard to content and definitions, whereas assessing the availability and utilization of care and service was problematic. Some 50 types care and service activities were identified and defined and were categorized as follows: (a) screening, diagnostic procedures, and treatment of dementia; (b) outpatient care facilities; (c) care at home; (d) institutional care; (e) palliative care; (f) informal caregiving and supportive actions; and (g) civic activities. Care at home included the broadest range of activities; palliative care, informal caregiving, and supportive actions were the smallest range.ConclusionsThe dementia care systems were found to be comprehensive and to emphasize home care. Activities aimed at transferring knowledge to informal caregivers, though highly important for home care, seemed less extensive. The mapping system appears useful from a nurse manager's standpoint for exploring the dementia care pathway. Comparisons between countries appear useful for developing the care system and for sharing information of how to perfect it. Further testing and development are needed regarding information on the availability and utilization of care and service activities.Clinical RelevanceThe mapping system can be useful in clarifying the dementia care system for those concerned, in helping nurse researchers and managers review and initiate evaluation and communicate with policy makers, as well as to ensure that providers use appropriate parts of the system. It can also be useful in national and international comparative studies.
First Report of Pseudomonas lurida Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot on Miscanthus sinensis
Authors: Lee Dong Wan , Hong Jin‐Sung , Kim Sun‐Hyung , Kim Jin Won , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMiscanthus spp. are large perennial wetland grasses that are receiving considerable attention as bioenergy crops. In late summer 2011, leaf spot symptoms were observed in a field of Miscanthus sinensis in Jeongseon, Gangwon province, Korea. Bacterial strains that belonged to the γ‐Proteobacteria genus Pseudomonas were isolated from the affected leaves. By phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characterization, the representative strain MDM‐03 was identified as Pseudomonas lurida. Healthy M. sinensis leaves inoculated with MDM‐03 developed leaf spots similar to those observed in field. Bacteria re‐isolated from the leaf lesions were identical to the original strain MDM‐03 based on their cultural characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. This is the first report of bacterial leaf spot in Miscanthus sinensis.
Alcoholic fermentation induces melatonin synthesis in orange juice
Authors: Fernández‐Pachón M. S. , Medina S. , Herrero‐Martín G. , Cerrillo I. , Berná G. , Escudero‐López B. , Ferreres F. , Martín F. , García‐Parrilla M. C. , Gil‐Izquierdo A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMelatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a molecule implicated in multiple biological functions. Its level decreases with age, and the intake of foods rich in melatonin has been considered an exogenous source of this important agent. Orange is a natural source of melatonin. Melatonin synthesis occurs during alcoholic fermentation of grapes, malt and pomegranate. The amino acid tryptophan is the precursor of all 5‐methoxytryptamines. Indeed, melatonin appears in a shorter time in wines when tryptophan is added before fermentation. The aim of the study was to measure melatonin content during alcoholic fermentation of orange juice and to evaluate the role of the precursor tryptophan. Identification and quantification of melatonin during the alcoholic fermentation of orange juice was carried out by UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS. Melatonin significantly increased throughout fermentation from day 0 (3.15 ng/mL) until day 15 (21.80 ng/mL) reaching larger amounts with respect to other foods. Melatonin isomer was also analysed, but its content remained stable ranging from 11.59 to 14.18 ng/mL. The enhancement of melatonin occurred mainly in the soluble fraction. Tryptophan levels significantly dropped from 13.80 mg/L (day 0) up to 3.19 mg/L (day 15) during fermentation. Melatonin was inversely and significantly correlated with tryptophan (r = 0.907). Therefore, the enhancement in melatonin could be due to both the occurrence of tryptophan and the new synthesis by yeast. In summary, the enhancement of melatonin in novel fermented orange beverage would improve the health benefits of orange juice by increasing this bioactive compound.
Turnover of Se in adequately fed chickens using Se‐75 as a tracer
Authors: Brandt‐Kjelsen A. , Govasmark E. , Haug A. , Salbu B. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryInorganic selenium (Se) in the form of selenite is applied to livestock to avoid Se deficiency. Selenite is, however, an artificial Se source in diets of unsupplemented chickens. It is therefore hypothesized that organic Se sources, such as Se‐enriched yeast and wheat, could be a more suitable Se supply in animal nutrition, although information on the transition of Se from organic Se sources in fast‐growing chickens is scarce. In this work, chickens were fed a low Se diet (0.27 ± 0.01 mg Se/kg, Se‐enriched yeast) until 20 days of age, after which the Se concentration was increased to maximum concentration allowed by the poultry industry in Europe (0.5 p.p.m. Se). At the same time, a daily contribution of carrier‐free 75Se tracer from labelled wheat was administered from day 20 to 27. The chickens showed S and Se homeostasis, as the concentration of S and Se in liver, blood or kidney remained about constant, and steady state of S and Se in the other organs was reached 1 day after the diet shift. The uptake of 75Se was readily seen in all organs. After 1 week, the depuration of the 75Se tracer was followed, and biological half‐lives and retention in individual organs were determined. The shortest biological half‐lives were observed in major metabolic organs, the liver, kidney and pancreas with half‐lives close to 4 days. There was a significant (p < 0.05) uptake in lung, brain and muscle that reached steady state when the administration of 75Se was terminated. The half‐life of 75Se in heart was 9 days and 7 days in blood. The longest half‐lives were observed in muscle (12 days), brain and lungs (13 days). All half‐lives were shorter than in Se deplete animals.
Effects of pH and fermentative substrate on ruminal metabolism of fatty acids during short‐term in vitro incubation
Authors: Troegeler‐Meynadier A. , Palagiano C. , Enjalbert F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe ruminal biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 can be affected by the fibre/starch ratio of the diet and the ruminal pH. The objectives of this study were to examine independently in vitro the effects of fermentation substrate (hay vs. corn starch) and buffer pH (6 vs. 7) on the biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 carried out by grape seed oil, focusing on its t11 and t10 pathways, using 6‐h ruminal incubations. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fermentation substrate and pH affected the C18 fatty acid balance in incubated media, but few interactions were observed. Compared with starch, hay as the fermentation substrate favoured the production of 18:0 (×2.3), all trans‐18:1 isomers (×12.6) and CLA (×6.1), except c9,t11‐CLA, and the disappearance of unsaturated C18 fatty acids, but decreased the production of odd and branched chain fatty acids. Compared with pH 6 buffer, pH 7 buffer resulted in higher c9,c12‐18:2 disappearance and CLA production. For c9,t11‐CLA, an interaction was noticed between the two factors, leading to the highest production in cultures incubated on hay with the 7 pH buffer. Compared with starch, hay as fermentation substrate favoured the activity of t11 producers, which are fibrolytic bacteria, and the production of t10 isomers, possibly due to the presence of potential t10 producers in hay. Low pH resulted in a decreased t11 isomers production and in a slightly increased t10 isomers production, probably due to a modulation of enzymatic or bacterial activity.
Platelet increases survival in a model of 90% hepatectomy in rats
Authors: López Mónica L. , Kieling Carlos O. , Uribe Cruz Carolina , Osvaldt Alessandro , Ochs de Muñoz Gustavo , Meurer Luise , Silla Lucia , Matte Ursula 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsNinety per cent hepatectomy in rodents is a model for acute liver failure. It has been reported that platelets have a strong effect enhancing liver regeneration, because of the production of several growth factors such as serotonin. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microencapsulated platelets on 90% hepatectomy in rats.MethodsPlatelets (PLT) were microencapsulated in sodium alginate and implanted in the peritoneum of rats after 90% partial hepatectomy (PH). Control group received empty capsules (EC). Animals were euthanized at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post PH (n = 9–12/group/time) to evaluate liver regeneration rate, mitotic index, liver content, serum and tissue levels of Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and serotonin and its receptor 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 2B (5Ht2b). Survival rate in 10 days was evaluated in a different set of animals (n = 20/group).ResultsPlatelets group showed the highest survival rate despite the lowest liver regeneration rate at any time point. Mitotic and BrdU index showed no difference between groups. However, the number of hepatocytes was higher and the internuclear distance was shorter for PLT group. Liver dry weight was similar in both groups indicating that water was the main responsible factor for the weight difference. Gene expression of IL‐6 in the liver was significantly higher in EC group 6 h after PH, whereas 5Ht2b was up‐regulated at 72 h in PLT group.ConclusionsPlatelets enhance survival of animals with 90% PH, probably by an early protective effect on hepatocytes and the increase in growth factor receptors.