bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kingella
Authors: Weyant Robbin S. 
Published: August 2015

King.el' la. M.L. ‐elladim. ending; M.L. fem. n.Kingellanamed after Elizabeth O. King, an American bacteriologist.Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Neisseriaceae / KingellaStraight rods,0.6–1.0×1.0 to 3.0μm, with rounded or square ends. Occur in pairs and sometimes in short chains. Endospores are not formed.Gram negative,but there is a tendency to resist Gram‐decolorization. Nonmotile by normal tests, but may be fimbriated (piliated) and show “twitching motility.”Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic; grow best aerobically, but can grow weakly under anaerobic conditions on blood agar. Optimal growth temperature, 33–37°C. Two types of colonies occur on blood agar: (a) a spreading, corroding type associated with “twitching motility,” fimbriation, and transformation competence, and (b) a smooth, convex type not showing “twitching motility”, fimbriation, or competence.Oxidase positive(when tested with tetramethyl‐p‐phenylene diamine; the dimethyl reagent may give weak or negative reactions).Catalase negative. Coagulated serum is not liquefied. Urease‐ and indole‐negative. Phenylalanine deaminase activity is negative or weak. Chemoorganotrophic.d‐Glucose and a limited number of other carbohydrates are fermented with production of acid,but no gas. Occur as normal flora in human mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.K.kingaeis an emerging human pathogen, andK.denitrificanshas been isolated from human infections.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 47–58.Type species:Kingella kingae(Henriksen and Bøvre 1968a) Henriksen and Bøvre 1976, 449 (Moraxella kingae(Henriksen and Bøvre 1968a) Bøvre, Henriksen and Jonsson 1974, 307;Moraxella kingii(sic) Henriksen and Bøvre 1968a, 383.)
Spirillum
Authors: Krieg Noel R. 
Published: August 2015

Spi.ril' lum. Gr. n.spiraa spiral; M.L. dim. neut. n.Spirilluma small spiral.Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Nitrosomonadales / Spirillaceae / SpirillumRigid, helical cells, 1.4–1.7 × 14–60 μm. Apolar membraneunderlies the cytoplasmic membrane at the cell poles and is visible in ultrathin sections.Intracellular poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules are formed. Coccoid bodies are not formed. Gram negative.Motile by large bipolar tufts of flagellahaving a long wavelength and about one helical turn; these are composed of approximately 75 flagella and are easily visible by dark‐field or phase‐contrast microscopy.Microaerophilicin ordinary liquid media, but can grow aerobically in special media or with certain supplements. Colonies on solid media can be obtained only under special conditions. Have astrictly respiratory type of metabolismwith oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Growth does not occur anaerobically with nitrate. Optimal temperature, 30°C.Oxidase and phosphatase positive. Catalase negative. Indole and sulfatase negative. Casein, starch, esculin, gelatin, DNA, and RNA are not hydrolyzed. Inhibited by extremely low levels of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium. NaCl levels above 0.02% are inhibitory. Phosphate levels greater than 0.01 M are inhibitory.Carbohydrates are not catabolized. The salts of certain organic acids are used as carbon sources; succinate is used especially well. Vitamins are not required. Occur instagnant, freshwater environments.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 38 or 36.Type species:Spirillum volutansEhrenberg 1832, 38.
Psychrobacter
Authors: Juni Elliot 
Published: August 2015

Psy.chro' bac.ter. Gr. adj.psychroscold; M.L. masc. n.bacterrod; M.L. masc. n.Psychrobactera rod that grows at low temperatures.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Moraxellaceae / PsychrobacterRods or cocci, 0.9–1.3 × 1.5–3.8 µm. Rods can vary in length from extremely short (coccobacilli) to relatively long. For some strains the rods tend to be somewhat swollen. Also observed to grow as cocci or coccobacilli. Nonpigmented. Colonies on heart infusion agar are usually cream‐colored, smooth, and opaque. Gram negative; the stain frequently tends to be retained. Nonmotile, and aerobic.Most strains are psychrotrophic; they are able to grow at 5°C, have temperature optima near 20°C, and generally are unable to grow at 35–37°C. Strains able to grow well at 35–37°C usually cannot grow at 5°C. Grow well on most common complex media. Most strains can grow on a mineral‐agar medium containing a single carbon and energy source and ammonium salts as the nitrogen source. Some strains form acid aerobically fromD‐glucose,D‐mannose,D‐galactose,L‐arabinose,D‐xylose, andL‐rhamnose. They arehalotolerant and grow in the presence of 6.5%or greater NaCl. Many strains are radiation resistant.Oxidase positive. Catalase positive. Many strains arecompetent for natural genetic transformation. Have been isolated from the open sea, the deep sea, sea ice, ornithogenic soils, skins and gills of fish, skins of poultry, various food products, irradiated foods, air contaminants, and from a variety of human sources. Not known to be clinically significant. Cultures ofPsychrobactercan be maintained in the same manner as for cultures ofAcinetobacter, as described above.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 41–50.7.Type species:Psychrobacter immobilisJuni and Heym 1986b, 388.
Pseudomonas
Authors: Palleroni Norberto J. 
Published: August 2015

Pseu.do' mo.nas or Pseu.do.mo' nas. Gr. adj.pseudesfalse; Gr. n.monasa unit, monad; M.L. fem. n.Pseudomonasfalse monad.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Pseudomonadaceae / PseudomonasStraight or slightly curved rodsbut not helical, 0.5–1.0 × 1.5–5.0 µm.Most of the species do not accumulate granules of polyhydroxybutyrate, but accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates of monomer lengths higher than C4may occur when growing on alkanes or gluconate. Do not produce prosthecae and are not surrounded by sheaths. No resting stages are known. Gram negative.Motile by one or several polar flagella; rarely nonmotile. In some species lateral flagella of short wavelength may also be formed.Aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor; in some cases nitrate can be used as an alternate electron acceptor, allowing growth to occur anaerobically.Xanthomonadins are not produced. Most, if not all, species fail to grow under acid conditions (pH 4.5 or lower). Most species do not require organic growth factors. Oxidase positive or negative. Catalase positive. Chemoorganotrophic.Strains of the species include in their composition the hydroxylated fatty acids C10:0 3OHand C12:0,and C12:0 2OH,and ubiquinone Q‐9. Widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, or plants.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 58–69.Type species:Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900, 884 (Bacterium aeruginosumSchroeter 1872, 126.)
Pelagicoccus
Authors: Yoon Jaewoo , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: August 2015

Pe.la.gi.coc'cus. L. n.pelagusthe open sea, the ocean; N.L. masc. n.coccus(from Gr. masc. n.kokkos), berry; N.L. masc. n.Pelagicoccusreferring to a coccoid‐shaped bacterium from the sea.Verrucomicrobia / Opitutae / Puniceicoccales / Puniceicoccaceae / PelagicoccusCocci, 0.5 µm × 1.2 µm in diameter.Gram‐stain‐negative. Some species motile via one or more flagella. Obligately aerobic or facultatively anaerobic; nitrate not reduced. Growth ischemoorganotrophicand restricted to a small number of mono‐ and disaccharides, polysaccharides, and organic acids. Colonies are white or pale yellow.Neither muramic acid nor diaminopimelic acid identified in cell‐wall extracts. Resistant toβ‐lactam antibiotics. Predominant cellular fatty acids are C16:0, C16:1ω7c, and C15:0anteiso. The major respiratory quinone isMK‐7.DNA G+C content(mol%): 51.6–57.4.Type species:Pelagicoccus mobilisYoon, Yasumoto‐Hiorse, Matsuo, Nozawa, Matsuda, Kasai and Yokota 2007d, 1381VP.
Random adaptive control for cluster synchronization of complex networks with distinct communities
Authors: Tang Ze , Park Ju H. , Lee Tae H. , Feng Jianwen 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the cluster synchronization for complex networks with time‐varying delayed couplings, stochastic disturbance, and non‐identical nodes in different clusters. Based on randomly occurring controllers, some Bernoulli stochastic variables are introduced to describe the controllers, then, a fraction of nodes in clusters, which have direct connections to the other clusters, is controlled, and the states of the whole dynamical networks can be globally forced to the objective cluster states. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the realization of the mean square cluster synchronization pattern for all initial values by means of Lyapunov stability theory, It
differential formula, and LMI approach. Besides, by designing the randomly occurring adaptive update law, some suitable control gains are obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the main result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposite of 2‐Aminophenol with Aniline Using Copper‐Montmorillonite: Synthesis, Characterization, Conductivity, and Electrochemical Study
Authors: DAHOU F. Z. , KHALDI M. A. , ZEHHAF A. , BENYOUCEF A. , FERRAHI M. I. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPolymer/clay nanocomposite particles with 2‐aminophenol (2AP) and polyaniline and modified montmorillonite by copper minerals were synthesized using an in situ intercalative oxidative polymerization method. The nanocomposites were characterized by elementary analysis, X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and conductivity measurements. The insertion of the polymer into the layer of the clay was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which shows a significantly larger d spacing expansion from 13.35 to 13.45 Å, thus indicating that the conducting polymer chain was aligned with layers of the clay. The conductivity of the nanocomposites salt is between 8.87×10−5 and 9.78×10−4 S/cm, probably due to the confined environment in the nanometer size layers of the nanocomposite. The electrochemical behavior of the polymers extracted from the nanocomposites has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Good electrochemical response has been observed for polymers grown into M‐Cu; the redox processes indicate that the polymerization into M‐Cu is electroactive.
Exudativory in the Asian loris, Nycticebus: Evolutionary divergence in the toothcomb and M3
Authors: Burrows Anne M. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Nash Leanne T. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesSlow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) are obligate exudativores that gouge tree bark. Dental adaptations for gouging within marmosets, the only other known primate obligate exudativore, are well‐known but dental adaptations in Nycticebus are largely unidentified. In an effort to more completely understand potential dental adaptions within Nycticebus and the evolution of this dietary niche within Primates as an order, the present study examined dental morphometrics in the Asian lorises (Nycticebus and Loris).Materials and MethodsWe compared dental morphometrics between Nycticebus and the insectivorous slender lorises (Loris). Measurements from the toothcomb and select other teeth were taken from 92 specimens. Each variable was scaled by the geometric mean and resulting mean ratios were statistically compared between groups. A biomechanical shape variable was also calculated to estimate the ability of the toothcomb to resist bending that may be experienced during gouging.ResultsToothcombs in Nycticebus were significantly (P < 0.05) more narrow, shorter, and thicker than those in Loris and had a higher calculated ability to withstand bending forces. Nycticebus also had reduced size in the last lower molar relative to Loris.ConclusionsThe more robust, “squared off” toothcomb in Nycticebus matches behavioral observations that these primates gouge to access exudates. Results of the present study indicate that the toothcomb is the likely candidate for the dental tool used in gouging. The size reduction of the lower last molar in Nycticebus, a trait also found in a previous study in exudativorous galagos, may indicate that there is reduced selective pressure in a diet where little mastication would be needed to mechanically process exudates. These results may indicate that reduction in molar size could be a potential dental signature for exudativory, but further studies on a wider phylogenetic range of exudativorous primates would be necessary. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:663–672, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bipedality from locomotor autonomy to adulthood in captive olive baboon (Papio anubis): Cross‐sectional follow‐up and first insight into the impact of body mass distribution
Authors: Druelle François , Aerts Peter , Berillon Gilles 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite that the biomechanics of standing and walking bipedally has been extensively studied in nonhuman primates, the morphological features that may constrain, or facilitate, the control of balance and thus of the spontaneous occurrence of bipedal behavior are poorly known. We aim to test the relationship between body mass distribution and bipedal behavior using a nonhuman primate species, the olive baboon, Papio anubis, raised in captivity.Materials and MethodsWe collected quantitative data on the frequency and duration of bipedalism together with morphometrics on a sample of 22 individuals. We used ontogenetic changes as a natural experiment that provides insights into the impact of morphology. Specifically we focus on 1) quantifying how body mass distribution changes from infancy to adulthood in baboons; and 2) whether the different patterns of mass distribution influence the behavioral variables, i.e., a) the frequency and b) the duration of bouts of bipedal behavior realized in different activity contexts.ResultsWith regard to assisted bipedal behaviors, the duration and frequency of bouts of standing, contrary to walking, are significantly related to age. With regard to unassisted bipedal behaviors, no correlation to age is observed; the bout duration of walking is strongly correlated to body mass and mass distribution, contrary to the frequency of walking as well as the bout duration and frequency of bipedal standing.DiscussionOur results suggest a close relationship between the pattern of mass distribution and the mechanism of balance control in the spontaneous bipedal walking of baboons. The mechanical effects of the pattern of mass distribution on the ability to perform bipedally in extant nonhuman primates are discussed in the context of the evolution toward habitual bipedalism. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:73–84, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of a graphene oxide additive and the conditions of membrane formation on the morphology and separative properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes
Authors: Fryczkowska Beata , Sieradzka Marta , Sarna Ewa , Fryczkowski Ryszard , Janicki Jarosław 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present our study of the influence of a graphene oxide (GO) additive and the method of preparation on the properties of membranes. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/GO membranes were obtained by an inverse phase method, which was conducted by two different methods. The first one was based on solvent evaporation, and the second method was a coagulation bath in distilled water. Our studies clearly showed that the introduction of the GO nanoadditive into the polymer membrane matrix played a major role in the pore process formation, and it also contributed to the reduction of the contact angle, and this led to an improvement in the hydrophilic properties of the obtained membranes. Furthermore, the PVDF/GO membrane preparation process had a direct influence on the thickness and porosity. Both of these factors had a direct influence on the transport properties of the membrane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42789.
Fluorinated bismaleimide resin with good processability, high toughness, and outstanding dielectric properties
Authors: Guo Ying , Han Yue , Liu Feng , Zhou Heng , Chen Fenghua , Zhao Tong 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, novel fluorinated bismaleimide (BMI) resins were prepared by the copolymerization of 2,2′‐bis[4‐(4‐maleimidephenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (6FBMP) and diallyl hexafluorobisphenol A (6FDABPA) to enhance their dielectric properties. The dielectric properties of the resins were investigated in the frequency range 7–18 GHz through a cavity method. Through the incorporation of a hexafluoroisopropyl group with the polymer chain, the dielectric constant (ε) was effectively decreased because of the small dipole and the low polarizability of the carbon‐fluorine (CF) bonds. The 6FBMP/6FDABPA resin possessed excellent dielectric properties, with ε being 2.88 and the dielectric loss being 0.009 at 10 GHz and 25°C. In comparison with the 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM)/2,2′‐diallyl bisphenol A (DABPA) resin, the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of 6FBMP/6FDABPA decreased. The flexible ether group in the long chain of 6FBMP was considered to disrupt chain packing and cause a decreased crosslinking density and a lower Tg. 6FBMP/6FDABPA showed a similar thermal decomposition temperature and good thermal properties like the BDM/DABPA resin, whereas the impact strength of the 6FBMP/6FDABPA resin was almost 1.6 times higher than that of the BDM/DABPA resin. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42791.
Novel Boronlectins Based on Bispyridium Salt with a Flexible Linker: Discriminative Sensing of Lactose and Other Monosaccharides and Disaccharides in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐tai , Wang Shu , Xing Guo‐wen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractN,N‐Di‐2‐picolylamine (DPA)‐derived diboronic acid receptors (NHBAs) with a flexible linker were designed and synthesized in this study, and two‐component sensing ensembles based on cationic NHBAs and an anionic fluorescent indicator 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) were successfully developed for both monosaccharides and disaccharides sensing. The dibranched ortho‐substituted receptor NHoBA exhibited unexpected selectivity towards lactose among five disaccharides used. The discrimination of five disaccharides and six monosaccharides was finally achieved by the integrated sensor array through linear discriminant analysis (LDA).
Folding propensity of anoplin: A molecular dynamics study of the native peptide and four mutated isoforms
Authors: Aschi Massimiliano , Luzi Carla , Fiorillo Annarita , Bozzi Argante 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAnoplin, a cationic decapeptide amide GLLKRIKTLL‐NH2 derived from venom sac of the solitary wasp Anoplius samariensis has been investigated through Molecular Dynamics. The wild‐type (WT) and four isoforms were simulated both in water and in the membrane‐mimicking solvent trifluoroethanol (TFE). In water all the investigated species, found to be in rapid equilibrium between different conformational states, can be considered as unfolded. On the other hand, in TFE all the systems enhance their rigidity and, in general, show α‐helix as the main folded conformation. Interestingly, a semi‐quantitative thermodynamic analysis has suggested that the folding driving force is not always the same being in some cases (e.g., the WT Anoplin) of entropic nature and in other cases of energetic nature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 692–701, 2015.
Stability and Conversion of Tin Zintl Anions in Liquid Ammonia Investigated by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Fendt Franziska , Koch Carina , Neumeier Maria , Gärtner Stefanie , Gschwind Ruth M. , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHomoatomic polyanions of post‐transition main‐group metals, namely, Zintl anions, are precast in analogous Zintl phases and can react in solution to form new materials. Despite comprehensible reaction approaches, the formed products cannot be planned in advance, as hitherto undetected and therefore disregarded side reactions take place. The outcomes and interpretations of the reactions of Zintl anions are so far based mainly on crystal structures, which only allow characterization of the product that has the lowest solubility. Here we present the results of our investigation of the stability of highly charged tin Zintl anions in liquid ammonia, which is not exclusively based on solution effects but also on the oxidative influence of the solvent. This allows for a deeper understanding of the ongoing processes in solution and opens doors to the directed synthesis of transition metal complexes of Sn44−, here shown by its reactivity towards MesCu.
Activation of Hsp90 Enzymatic Activity and Conformational Dynamics through Rationally Designed Allosteric Ligands
Authors: Sattin Sara , Tao Jiahui , Vettoretti Gerolamo , Moroni Elisabetta , Pennati Marzia , Lopergolo Alessia , Morelli Laura , Bugatti Antonella , Zuehlke Abbey , Moses Mike , Prince Thomas , Kijima Toshiki , Beebe Kristin , Rusnati Marco , Neckers Len , Zaffaroni Nadia , Agard David A. , Bernardi Anna , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHsp90 is a molecular chaperone of pivotal importance for multiple cell pathways. ATP‐regulated internal dynamics are critical for its function and current pharmacological approaches block the chaperone with ATP‐competitive inhibitors. Herein, a general approach to perturb Hsp90 through design of new allosteric ligands aimed at modulating its functional dynamics is proposed. Based on the characterization of a first set of 2‐phenylbenzofurans showing stimulatory effects on Hsp90 ATPase and conformational dynamics, new ligands were developed that activate Hsp90 by targeting an allosteric site, located 65 Å from the active site. Specifically, analysis of protein responses to first‐generation activators was exploited to guide the design of novel derivatives with improved ability to stimulate ATP hydrolysis. The molecules’ effects on Hsp90 enzymatic, conformational, co‐chaperone and client‐binding properties were characterized through biochemical, biophysical and cellular approaches. These designed probes act as allosteric activators of the chaperone and affect the viability of cancer cell lines for which proper functioning of Hsp90 is necessary.