bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternate deacylating specificities of the archaeal sirtuins Sir2Af1 and Sir2Af2
Authors: Ringel Alison E. , Roman Christina , Wolberger Cynthia 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSirtuins were originally shown to regulate a wide array of biological processes such as transcription, genomic stability, and metabolism by catalyzing the NAD+‐dependent deacetylation of lysine residues. Recent proteomic studies have revealed a much wider array of lysine acyl modifications in vivo than was previously known, which has prompted a reevaluation of sirtuin substrate specificity. Several sirtuins have now been shown to preferentially remove propionyl, succinyl, and long‐chain fatty acyl groups from lysines, which has changed our understanding of sirtuin biology. In light of these developments, we revisited the acyl specificity of several well‐studied archaeal and bacterial sirtuins. We find that the Archaeoglobus fulgidus sirtuins, Sir2Af1 and Sir2Af2, preferentially remove succinyl and myristoyl groups, respectively. Crystal structures of Sir2Af1 bound to a succinylated peptide and Sir2Af2 bound to a myristoylated peptide show how the active site of each enzyme accommodates a noncanonical acyl chain. As compared to its structure in complex with an acetylated peptide, Sir2Af2 undergoes a conformational change that expands the active site to accommodate the myristoyl group. These findings point to both structural and biochemical plasticity in sirtuin active sites and provide further evidence that sirtuins from all three domains of life catalyze noncanonical deacylation.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control of multiple time‐delays systems with mismatched parameter uncertainties and actuator failures
Authors: Wu Li‐Bing , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study deals with the problem of robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking for uncertain systems with multiple delayed state perturbations, mismatched parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults including loss of effectiveness, outage, and stuck. It is assumed that the upper bounds of the delayed state perturbations, the external disturbances and the unparameterizable time‐varying stuck faults are unknown. Then, by estimating online such unknown bounds and on the basis of the updated values of these unknown bounds from the adaptive mechanism, a class of memoryless state feedback fault‐tolerant controller with switching signal function is constructed for robust tracking of dynamical signals. Furthermore, by making use of the proposed adaptive robust tracking controller, the tracking error can be guaranteed to be asymptotically zero in spite of multiple delayed state perturbations, mismatched parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. In addition, it is also proved that the solutions with tracking error of resulting adaptive closed‐loop system are uniformly bounded. Finally, a simulation example for B747‐100/200 aircraft system is provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed fault‐tolerant design approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient dynamic authentication for mobile satellite communication systems without verification table
Authors: Lin Han‐Yu 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe mobile satellite system is an important wireless communication system widely used nowadays. The issue of protecting the transmission security in low‐earth‐orbit satellite networks thus becomes more and more critical. It is known that several authentication schemes for satellite communication systems have been proposed to deal with the issue. However, previous protocols either employ complicated public key computation or have to maintain a verification table. In this paper, the author will introduce a new dynamic authentication protocol for mobile satellite communication systems without using a verification table. The comparison results will also show that the proposed scheme has lower computational costs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and performance evaluation of new coding options for space telecommand links – part II: jamming channels
Authors: Baldi M. , Chiaraluce F. , Garello R. , Maturo N. , Aguilar Sanchez I. , Cioni S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we study the performance of telecommand space links affected by pulsed, continuous wave and pseudo‐noise jamming. Countermeasures include coding, interleaving, and direct sequence spread spectrum. Binary and non‐binary low‐density parity‐check codes, parallel turbo codes, and soft‐decision decoded BCH codes are considered. We investigate the impact of different decoding algorithms, also taking into account the role of jamming state information, spreading processing gain and interleaving. The results show that significant gains (up to more than 10 dB) can be achieved in a number of interesting scenarios. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technology Portfolio Planning by Weighted Graph Analysis of System Architectures
Authors: Davison Peter , Cameron Bruce , Crawley Edward F. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMany systems undergo significant architecture‐level change throughout their lifecycles in order to adapt to new operating and funding contexts, to react to failed technology development, or to incorporate new technologies. In all cases early architecture selection and technology investment decisions will constrain the system to certain regions of the tradespace, which can limit the evolvability of the system and its robustness to exogenous changes. In this paper we present a method for charting development pathways within a tradespace of potential architectures, with a view to enabling robustness to technology portfolio realization and later architectural changes. The tradespace is first transformed into a weighted, directed graph of architecture nodes with connectivity determined by relationships between technology portfolios and functional architecture. The tradespace exploration problem is then restated as a shortest path problem through this graph. This method is applied to the tradespace of in‐space transportation architectures for missions to Mars, finding that knowledge of pathways through the tradespace can identify negative coupling between functional architectures and particular technologies, as well as identify ways to prioritize future technology investments.
The Rate‐Limiting Step: The Provision of Safe Anesthesia in Low‐Income Countries
Authors: Hendel Simon , Coonan Thomas , Thomas Sarah , McQueen Kelly 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of safe anesthesia for the best possible surgical outcomes in every patient is not disputed in high resource settings. Low‐income countries lag far behind in the provision of, and training for, safe anesthesia practice. Too little is known about numbers and types of providers in a majority of low‐income countries.MethodsA review of the member societies of the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists was undertaken, and membership statistics of national societies were requested. Of the 126 members of the federation, only 14 represent low‐income countries. Many non‐federation‐member countries are also low‐income countries.ResultsThe anesthesia infrastructure and personnel challenges in low‐income countries contribute to poor patient outcomes and limited access to emergency and essential surgery. The presence of a functional anesthesia society provides a measure of the numbers of providers and a snapshot of local professional activities.Conclusion
The establishment and maintenance of an anesthesia society is an indicator of respect for the profession and commitment to standards of practice, quality initiatives, and continuing medical education within the country.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Surface Active Monomers Based on Derivatives of 4‐Hydroxybutyric Acid and 6‐Hydroxyhexanoic Acid
Authors: Borzenkov Mykola , Mitina Natalia , Lobaz Volodymyr , Hevus Orest 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNovel surface active maleate and methacrylate monomers based on derivatives of ω‐hydroxy carboxylic acids have been synthesized. The monomers are comprised of hydrophobic alkyl chains and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol), quaternary ammonium, sulfonate and carboxylic fragments. Synthesized monomers sufficiently reduce surface tension at the aqueous solution‐air interface. The copolymerization of synthesized monomers with 5‐tert‐butylperoxy‐5‐methyl‐2‐hexene‐3‐yne monomer and N‐vinylpyrrolidone in solvent and emulsion copolymerization of synthesized peroxide containing surface active monomer with styrene have been carried out. The synthesized surface active monomers have been shown to be suitable emulsifiers for obtaining polystyrene colloid dispersions. It has been ascertained that the surface active copolymers obtained can form stable interpolyelectrolyte complexes with oppositely charged polymers.
Longitudinal study of EEG frequency maturation and power changes in children on the Russian North
Authors: Soroko S.I. , Shemyakina N.V. , Nagornova Zh.V. , Bekshaev S.S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study was to reveal longitudinal changes in electroencephalogram spectral power and frequency (percentage frequency composition of EEG and alpha peak frequency) patterns in normal children from northern Russia. Fifteen children (9 girls and 6 boys) participated in the study. The resting state (eyes closed) EEGs were recorded yearly (2005–2013) from age 8 to age 16–17 for each child. EEG frequency patterns were estimated as the percentages of waves with a 1 Hz step revealed by measuring the interval durations between points crossing zero (isoline) by a curve. EEG spectral power changes were analyzed for delta (1.5–4 Hz), theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha‐1 (7.5–9.5 Hz), alpha‐2 (9.5–12.5 Hz), beta‐1 (12.5–18 Hz) and beta‐2 (18–30 Hz) bands. According to the frequency composition of the EEG signals fast synchronous, polymorphous synchronous, polymorphous desynchronous and slow synchronous types of children EEG were revealed. These EEG types were relatively stable during adolescence. In these EEG types, the frequency patterns and spectral power dynamics with age had several common and specific features. Slow wave percentage and spectral power in the delta band remarkably decreased with age in all groups. Starting from the theta band the EEG types were characterized by different EEG spectral power changes with age. In fast synchronous EEG type, the theta and alpha‐1 EEG power decreased, and the alpha‐2 power increased in the occipital and parietal areas. The polymorphous synchronous type was characterized by increased both the alpha‐1 and alpha‐2 power with regional peculiarities. In the polymorphous desynchronous type spectral power in all bands decreased with age, and in the slow synchronous type, the alpha‐1 power massively increased with age. Obtained results suggest predictive strength of the spatial‐frequency patterns in EEG for its following maturation through the years.
Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents
Authors: Barr Susan I. , DiFrancesco Loretta , Fulgoni Victor L. 
Published: September 2014

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.
Risk and resilience in preterm children at age 6
Authors: Poehlmann-Tynan Julie , Gerstein Emily D. , Burnson Cynthia , Weymouth Lindsay , Bolt Daniel M. , Maleck Sarah , Schwichtenberg A. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChildren born preterm are at risk for experiencing significant deleterious developmental outcomes throughout their childhood and adolescence. However, individual variation and resilience are hallmarks of the preterm population. The present study examined pathways to resilience across multiple domains (e.g., social activities, peer relations, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomology, externalizing and internalizing behavior, and sleep quality) as children born preterm reached school age. The study also examined early child and family predictors of resilience. Using a prospective longitudinal design, 173 infants born preterm and without significant neurological complications were assessed at five time points: neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 9 months, 16 months, 24 months, and 6 years. Three pathways of adaptation emerged at 6 years: children who were resilient, those who remained at-risk, and children who exhibited significant difficulties. Resilient children were less likely to have experienced negative parenting at 9 and 16 months, more likely to delay gratification at 24 months, and more likely to experience neonatal health complications than nonresilient children.
Mothers’ electrophysiological, subjective, and observed emotional responding to infant crying: The role of secure base script knowledge
Authors: Groh Ashley M. , Roisman Glenn I. , Haydon Katherine C. , Bost Kelly , McElwain Nancy , Garcia Leanna , Hester Colleen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study examined the extent to which secure base script knowledge—reflected in the ability to generate narratives in which attachment-relevant events are encountered, a clear need for assistance is communicated, competent help is provided and accepted, and the problem is resolved—is associated with mothers’ electrophysiological, subjective, and observed emotional responses to an infant distress vocalization. While listening to an infant crying, mothers (N= 108,Mage = 34 years) lower on secure base script knowledge exhibited smaller shifts in relative left (vs. right) frontal EEG activation from rest, reported smaller reductions in feelings of positive emotion from rest, and expressed greater levels of tension. Findings indicate that lower levels of secure base script knowledge are associated with an organization of emotional responding indicative of a less flexible and more emotionally restricted response to infant distress. Discussion focuses on the contribution of mothers’ attachment representations to their ability to effectively manage emotional responding to infant distress in a manner expected to support sensitive caregiving.
Cumulative childhood risk and adult functioning in abused and neglected children grown up
Authors: Horan Jacqueline M. , Widom Cathy Spatz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between childhood exposure to cumulative risk and three indicators of psychosocial adjustment in adulthood (educational attainment, mental health, and criminal behavior) and tests three different models (linear, quadratic, and interaction). Data were collected over several time points from individuals who were part of a prospective cohort design study that matched children with documented cases of abuse and/or neglect with children without such histories and followed them into adulthood. Hierarchical multiple regressions compared linear and quadratic models and then examined potential moderating effects of child abuse/neglect and gender. Exposure to a greater number of childhood risk factors was significantly related to fewer years of education, more anxiety and depression symptomatology, and more criminal arrests in adulthood. The relationship between cumulative risk and years of education demonstrated a curvilinear pattern, whereas the relationship between cumulative risk and both mental health and criminal arrests was linear. Child abuse/neglect did not moderate these relationships, although there were direct effects for both child abuse/neglect and gender on criminal arrests, with more arrests for abused/neglected individuals than controls and more for males than females. Gender interacted with cumulative risk to impact educational attainment and criminal behavior, suggesting that interventions may be more effective if tailored differently for males and females. Interventions may need to be multifaceted and designed to address these different domains of functioning.
Newcastle's long nineteenth century: a world-historical interpretation of making a multi-nodal city region
Authors: BARKE MICHAEL , TAYLOR PETER J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe and analyse how Newcastle was transformed from a relatively stagnant British city at the dawn of the nineteenth century to one of the most vibrant cities in the world by the early twentieth century. We use two frameworks to chart and explain this momentous change: Wallerstein's model of hegemonic cycles to locate Newcastle's late development in a world-historical context, and Jacobs’ theory of city economic growth to understand the processes of change within the city and its region. These lead to an empirical focus on three investigations: first, how Newcastle grew geographically to become a multi-nodal city region (Tyneside plus Wearside); second, how the Newcastle city economy grew and developed into a very complex division of labour; and third, how this generated a new modern metropolitan cultural world.
Priming IKKβ kinase for action
Authors: Ley Steven C. , Beyaert Rudi 
Published: September 2014

IKKβ (IκB kinase β) is a core component of signalling pathways that control the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) transcription factors, which regulate many physiological processes, including cell survival, immunity and DNA-damage responses. Like many kinases, activation of IKKβ requires phosphorylation of the activation loop of its kinase domain. Different upstream protein kinases, and IKKβ itself, have been reported to directly phosphorylate and activate IKKβ in vitro, but the exact molecular mechanism of IKKβ activation in cells has remained unclear. In a recent article in the Biochemical Journal, Zhang and co-workers showed that IKKβ is activated by two sequential phosphorylations of its activation loop in response to TNF (tumour necrosis factor), IL-1 (interleukin-1) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) ligands. Using a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches, they demonstrate that IKKβ is first phosphorylated by the upstream kinase TAK1 [TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)-activated kinase-1] at Ser177, which then serves as a priming signal for subsequent IKKβ autophosphorylation at Ser181. This study resolves two apparently conflicting earlier models of IKKβ activation into a single unified model, and suggests that the IKKβ activation loop may integrate distinct ‘upsteam’ signals to activate NF-κB.
Attention, Memory, and Auditory Processing in 10- to 15-Year-Old Children With Listening Difficulties
Authors: Sharma Mridula , Dhamani Imran , Leung Johahn , Carlile Simon 
Published: September 2014

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine attention, memory, and auditory processing in children with reported listening difficulty in noise (LDN) despite having clinically normal hearing.MethodTwenty-one children with LDN and 15 children with no listening concerns (controls) participated. The clinically normed auditory processing tests included the Frequency/Pitch Pattern Test (FPT; Musiek, 2002), the Dichotic Digits Test (Musiek, 1983), the Listening in Spatialized Noise—Sentences (LiSN–S) test (Dillon, Cameron, Glyde, Wilson, & Tomlin, 2012), gap detection in noise (Baker, Jayewardene, Sayle, & Saeed, 2008), and masking level difference (MLD; Wilson, Moncrieff, Townsend, & Pillion, 2003). Also included were research-based psychoacoustic tasks, such as auditory stream segregation, localization, sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM), and fine structure perception. All were also evaluated on attention and memory test batteries.ResultsThe LDN group was significantly slower switching their auditory attention and had poorer inhibitory control. Additionally, the group mean results showed significantly poorer performance on FPT, MLD, 4-Hz SAM, and memory tests. Close inspection of the individual data revealed that only 5 participants (out of 21) in the LDN group showed significantly poor performance on FPT compared with clinical norms. Further testing revealed the frequency discrimination of these 5 children to be significantly impaired.ConclusionThus, the LDN group showed deficits in attention switching and inhibitory control, whereas only a subset of these participants demonstrated an additional frequency resolution deficit.
Evaluation of Three Proposed Markers for Language Impairment in English: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
Authors: Pawłowska Monika 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
The goal of the study was to determine to what extent 3 proposed markers of language impairment (LI) in English (verb tense, nonword repetition, and sentence repetition) accurately distinguish affected and unaffected English-speaking individuals.

Method
Electronic databases were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies involving the 3 markers. Quality of relevant studies was described. Numbers of true and false positives and negatives were extracted and used to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs).

Results

Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. The majority were based on clinically ascertained samples. Pooled LRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tense (LR+) and sentence repetition (LR+ and LR−) were suggestive of presence (LR+) or absence (LR−) of LI. Wide CIs around the value of inconsistency I
2
index reduced reliability of pooled values for sentence repetition. High between-study heterogeneity precluded pooling of LR values for tense (LR−) and nonword repetition (LR+ and LR−).

Conclusion
The limited evidence available suggests that the proposed markers may be at best suggestive of LI in English. Future research may refine existing marker tasks to increase their accuracy and test the most promising tasks in unselected samples of participants with and without LI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170489