bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Pathotypes in the Daylily Rust Pathogen Puccinia hemerocallidis
Authors: Buck James W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDaylily rust, caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, has been present in the United States since 2000. In 2003, inoculations with a single isolate of P. hemerocallidis identified daylily cultivars with high levels of resistance to the fungus. The present study was carried out to determine if pathotypes of P. hemerocallidis are present in the south eastern United States. Sixteen isolates of P. hemerocallidis were each inoculated onto leaf segments from 19 daylily cultivars and the resulting disease phenotype assessed. A significant effect of rust isolate on host reaction phenotype was observed for nine of the 19 daylily cultivars. Five of the nine cultivars displayed reaction phenotypes with different isolates of P. hemerocallidis that included at least one susceptible or moderately susceptible and also resistant phenotypes. These results indicate that different pathotypes of the fungus are present in the south east United States. Daylily hybridizers interested in screening for host resistance to P. hemerocallidis will need to include multiple isolates of the fungus to allow for this host specialization.
Presbyopia, spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among cloth weaving communities in Prakasam district in South India
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Narsaiah Saggam , Shekhar Konegari , Khanna Rohit C 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeTo assess the prevalence of presbyopia, spectacles use and spectacle correction coverage for near vision among weaving communities in Prakasam district in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.MethodsA population based cross sectional study was conducted among a population aged ≥40 years. Distance visual acuity was assessed at 6 m. Near vision was assessed using N notation charts at a fixed distance of 40 cm. Presbyopia was defined as binocular unaided near vision <N8 and improving to ≥N8 with near addition lenses. Functional presbyopia was defined as presenting near vision <N8 and improving to ≥N8 with near addition lenses. A questionnaire was used to collect information on spectacles use. In order to calculate spectacle correction coverage for presbyopia, met presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who presented with presbyopia correction and achieved binocular N8 using it. Unmet presbyopia need was defined as the percentage of people who had either under corrected or uncorrected binocular near vision worse than N8 that would improve with correction to at least N8.ResultsOf 2848/3000 enumerated subjects (94.0%) participated. Four hundred individuals with distance visual impairment were excluded from the analysis. Among the remaining 2448 individuals, 46% were male and 49.1% had no formal education. The mean age among males was higher compared to females (p < 0.01). Based on unaided near vision, the prevalence of presbyopia was 61.8% (95% CI: 59.9–63.7) and the prevalence of functional presbyopia was 35.1% (95% CI: 33.2–37.0). Using multivariable analysis, it was found that functional presbyopia was significantly associated with female gender, no education and lack of spectacle use. Spectacle correction coverage was 43.2%. Among the 781 individuals who had no correction at the time of examination, 122 (15.6%) subjects reported having used spectacles previously. The reasons for discontinuation of spectacles were discomfort with spectacles (n = 57; 46.7%), damaged or lost spectacles (n = 45; 36.9%), ability to see clearly even without spectacles (n = 12; 9.8%) and other reasons (n = 8; 6.6%).ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of presbyopia (61.8%) was comparable with other studies, the prevalence of functional presbyopia (35.1%) was lower and linked with higher spectacle correction coverage (43.2%) in this weaving community. However, it still highlights a large unmet need and spectacle correction coverage that could be improved by the provision of good quality, affordable spectacles, which may also improve spectacles use.
A case of topical opioid‐induced delirium mistaken as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in demented state
Authors: Ito Go , Kanemoto Kousuke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Japan, indications for opioid analgesics, once exclusively used as pain killers for patients suffering from malignant cancer, have been expanded for a wide range of pain. Herein we report a patient with opioid‐induced delirium associated with the administration of buprenorphine patches that was well below the indicated therapeutic range limit. An 82‐year‐old woman was referred to us from an orthopaedic practitioner for uncontrollable behavioural problems apparently caused by the beginning of dementia; the patient had gradually developed disorientation, visual hallucinations, and delusions. Laboratory and imaging findings excluded common causes of delirium including Alzheimer's disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. Detailed questioning revealed that the patient's confused state appeared following a buprenorphine patch dose increase and subsequently disappeared after administration was stopped. Delirium has not been reported as a side‐effect in clinical trials of buprenorphine patches. However, our findings in this case show that even topical opioids can precipitate the development of a delirious state in elderly patients.
The Lingering Effect of Scandals in Congressional Elections: Incumbents, Challengers, and Voters
Authors: Praino Rodrigo , Stockemer Daniel , Moscardelli Vincent G. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveWe have two goals. First, we investigate both the short‐ and long‐term electoral impact of involvement in scandals on reelection margins of incumbents in U.S. congressional elections. Second, we evaluate the impact of scandals on district‐level turnout.MethodsWe model the impact of involvement in a political scandal on incumbents’ electoral margins in the election cycle in which the scandal comes to light, as well as in future election cycles. We also model the impact of scandal on district‐level turnout.ResultsInvolvement in a scandal exerts not only an immediate, negative effect on incumbents’ margins, but one that also lingers beyond the initial reelection cycle. Elections involving incumbents embroiled in scandals experience a small boost in turnout.ConclusionIn tandem, these results implicate the mobilization of previous nonvoters intent on “throwing the bum out” as one mechanism through which incumbent vote share is depressed in scandal elections.
If-Plots in Deuteronomy
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In its overall literary construction, Deuteronomy has turned a syntactic form—the “if/when . . .” form of casuistic laws and vassal treaties—into its main narrative dynamics. It has combined the mini-plots of the case-laws (“if a man . . .” / “when you . . .”) with the overarching plot of the people’s loyalty (“if you listen to the commandments . . .”) and with the macro-plot of the divine promise (“when Yhwh your God brings you into the land . . .”) in order to create a general suspenseful momentum that leads to the memorable dénouement of Deut 34:9: “The sons of Israel listened . . . and did just as Yhwh had commanded Moses”.
The Church on the Move: Mission in an Age of Migration
Authors: Groody Daniel G. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Migration is not only a contemporary challenge but something that humanity has undergone since earliest times. Interwoven into our genetic, biological, and spiritual DNA, it is fundamental to our identity as human beings, and it is also at the core of Christian mission. This article examines (1) the external journey of migrants, (2) the internal journey or spirituality of migrants, and (3) the human journey before God or a theology of migration. The author presents not only what the Church teaches about migration but also the underlying reasons why it does so. It looks at the contemporary challenges of global migration in light of God’s migration to us in the incarnation and our return migration to God through discipleship, mission, and the journey to redemption. It argues that our fundamental identity rests in the end not on the creed of a nation but on who we are as a pilgrim people and our movement outward in mission to strangers in need.
Relating Kenosis to Soteriology: Implications for Christian Ministry amongst Homeless People
Authors: Purves David R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Christian ministry amongst homeless people is often characterised by division between the ministry itself as social action by independent voluntary organisations, and congregational life. This is arguably the result of sociological forces, but is also compounded by the prevalence in mainline churches of ethically lacking popular versions of penal substitution that privatise spirituality. We argue that in addition to strengthening the ethical content of such teaching, it is important to offer alternative theological tools that challenge Christian self-understanding. Kenosis is just such a tool. In a brief historical sketch of biblical and theological approaches, we suggest that it is the ethical, narrative understanding of kenosis, rather than preoccupation with philosophically-orientated Christological debates about the locus of the apparent ‘emptying’ of divine attributes, that is central to understanding kenosis. What we label the necessary ethically kenotic dimension to salvation is then explored, an area in which we are influenced by current biblical scholarship on ‘justification’ in Paul by participationist-inclined scholars, particularly the work of Michael Gorman based on the Philippian hymn and his emphasis on justification by co-crucifixion. Kenosis as a ‘selfishness emptying’ that leads to co-resurrection is an integral and ongoing part of the soteriological process of theosis. Relating kenosis to soteriology in this way has implications for church work amongst homeless people, and we suggest that when also taking into account current social work research, churches receive an imperative to offer ministry that is community orientated, relational, self-giving and absorptive.
Seasonal Predictability of the Southern Annular Mode due to Its Association with ENSO
Authors: Lim Eun-Pa , Hendon Harry H. , Rashid Harun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Predictability of the southern annular mode (SAM) for lead times beyond 1–2 weeks has traditionally been considered to be low because the SAM is regarded as an internal mode of variability with a typical decorrelation time of about 10 days. However, the association of the SAM with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) suggests the potential for making seasonal predictions of the SAM. In this study the authors explore seasonal predictability and the predictive skill of SAM using observations and retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology dynamical seasonal forecast system [the Predictive Ocean and Atmosphere Model for Australia, version 2 (POAMA2)].
Based on the observed seasonal relationships of the SAM with tropical sea surface temperatures, two distinctive periods of high seasonal predictability are suggested: austral late autumn to winter and late spring to early summer. Predictability of the SAM in the austral cold seasons stems from the association of the SAM with warm-pool (or Modoki/central Pacific) ENSO, whereas predictability in the austral warm seasons stems from the association of the SAM with cold-tongue (or eastern Pacific) ENSO.
Using seasonal hindcasts for 1980–2010 from POAMA2, it is shown that the observed relationship between SAM and ENSO is faithfully depicted and SST variations associated with ENSO are skillfully predicted. Consequently, POAMA2 can skillfully predict the phase and amplitude of seasonal anomalies of the SAM in early summer and early winter for at least one season in advance. Zero-lead monthly forecasts of the SAM are furthermore shown to be highly skillful in almost all months, which is ascribed to predictability stemming from observed atmospheric initial conditions.
Regulation of platelet plug formation by phosphoinositide metabolism
Authors: Min Sang H. , Abrams Charles S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives, phosphoinositides, are minor constituents of phospholipids at the cellular membrane level. Nevertheless, phosphatidylinositol and phosphoinositides represent essential components of intracellular signaling that regulate diverse cellular processes, including platelet plug formation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the metabolism of phosphoinositides is temporally and spatially modulated by the opposing effects of specific phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes, including lipid kinases, lipid phosphatases, and phospholipases. Each of these enzymes generates a selective phosphoinositide or second messenger within precise cellular compartments. Intriguingly, phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes exist in different isoforms, which all produce the same phosphoinositide products. Recent studies using isoform-specific mouse models and chemical inhibitors have elucidated that the different isoforms of phosphoinositide-metabolizing enzymes have nonredundant functions and provide an additional layer of complexity to the temporo-spatial organization of intracellular signaling events. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of phosphoinositide organization during platelet activation.
Incidence of multiple sclerosis among European Economic Area populations, 1985-2009: the framework for monitoring
Authors: Alcalde-Cabero Enrique , Almazán-Isla Javier , García-Merino Antonio , de Sá Joao , de Pedro-Cuesta Jesús 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
A debate surrounding multiple sclerosis epidemiology has centred on time-related incidence increases and the need of monitoring. The purpose of this study is to reassess multiple sclerosis incidence in the European Economic Area.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of literature from 1965 onwards and integrated elements of original research, including requested or completed data by surveys authors and specific analyses.

Results
The review of 5323 documents yielded ten studies for age- and sex-specific analyses, and 21 studies for time-trend analysis of single data sets. After 1985, the incidence of multiple sclerosis ranged from 1.12 to 6.96 per 100,000 population, was higher in females, tripled with latitude, and doubled with study midpoint year. The north registered increasing trends from the 1960s and 1970s, with a historic drop in the Faroe Islands, and fairly stable data in the period 1980-2000; incidence rose in Italian and French populations in the period 1970-2000, in Evros (Greece) in the 1980s, and in the French West Indies in around 2000.

Conclusions
We conclude that the increase in multiple sclerosis incidence is only apparent, and that it is not specific to women. Monitoring of multiple sclerosis incidence might be appropriate for the European Economic Area.
Evidence for formation of multi-quantum dots in hydrogenated graphene
Authors: Chuang Chiashain , Puddy Reuben K , Connolly Malcolm R , Lo Shun-Tsung , Lin Huang-De , Chen Tse-Ming , Smith Charles G , Liang Chi-Te 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We report the experimental evidence for the formation of multi-quantum dots in a hydrogenated single-layer graphene flake. The existence of multi-quantum dots is supported by the low-temperature measurements on a field effect transistor structure device. The resulting Coulomb blockade diamonds shown in the color scale plot together with the number of Coulomb peaks exhibit the characteristics of the so-called ‘stochastic Coulomb blockade’. A possible explanation for the formation of the multi-quantum dots, which is not observed in pristine graphene to date, was attributed to the impurities and defects unintentionally decorated on a single-layer graphene flake which was not treated with the thermal annealing process. Graphene multi-quantum dots developed around impurities and defect sites during the hydrogen plasma exposure process.
A randomized phase II presurgical trial of weekly low-dose tamoxifen versus raloxifene versus placebo in premenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Serrano Davide , Lazzeroni Matteo , Gandini Sara , Macis Debora , Johansson Harriet , Gjerde Jennifer , Lien Ernst , Feroce Irene , Pruneri Giancarlo , Sandri Maria Teresa , Bassi Fabio , Brenelli Fabricio , Luini Alberto , Cazzaniga Massimiliano , Varricchio Clara , Guerrieri-Gonzaga Aliana , DeCensi Andrea , Bonanni Bernardo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
We previously demonstrated that 1 or 5 mg per day of tamoxifen (T) given for four weeks before surgery reduces Ki-67 in breast cancer (BC) patients to the same extent as the standard 20 mg/d. Given the long half-life of T, a weekly dose (10 mg per week (w)) may be worth testing. Also, raloxifene (R) has shown Ki-67 reduction in postmenopausal patients in a preoperative setting, but data in premenopausal women are limited. We conducted a randomized trial testing T 10 mg/w vs. R 60 mg/d vs. placebo in a presurgical model.

Methods
Out of 204 screened subjects, 57 were not eligible, 22 refused to participate and 125 were included in the study. The participants were all premenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive BC. They were randomly assigned to either T 10mg/w or R 60 mg/d or placebo for six weeks before surgery. The primary endpoint was tissue change of Ki-67. Secondary endpoints were modulation of estrogen and progesterone receptors and several other circulating biomarkers.

Results
Ki-67 was not significantly modulated by either treatment. In contrast, both selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) significantly modulated circulating IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio, cholesterol, fibrinogen and antithrombin III. Estradiol was increased with both SERMs. Within the tamoxifen arm, CYP2D6 polymorphism analysis showed a higher concentration of N-desTamoxifen, one of the tamoxifen metabolites, in subjects with reduced CYP2D6 activity. Moreover, a reduction of Ki-67 and a marked increase of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were observed in the active phenotype.

Conclusions
A weekly dose of tamoxifen and a standard dose of raloxifene did not inhibit tumor cell proliferation, measured as Ki-67 expression, in premenopausal BC patients. However, in the tamoxifen arm women with an extensive phenotype for CYP2D6 reached a significant Ki-67 modulation.
Elevated expression of syntenin in breast cancer is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival
Authors: Yang Yu , Hong Qi , Shi Pengcheng , Liu Zhebin , Luo Jianmin , Shao Zhiming 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Syntenin is a scaffolding-PDZ domain-containing protein. Although it is reported that syntenin is associated with melanoma growth and metastasis, the possible role of syntenin in breast cancer has not been well elucidated. The present study investigated the expression and function of syntenin in breast cancer.

Methods
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blots were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of syntenin. With a combination of overexpression and RNA interference, the effect of syntenin on migration, invasion, and ERK1/2 activation was examined in breast cancer cell lines. The effect of syntenin in vivo was assessed with an orthotropic xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nu/nu mice. In addition, the expression level of syntenin in clinical breast cancer tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate patient survival, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results
Our study showed that syntenin expression was upregulated in high-metastasis breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of syntenin in breast cancer cells promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of syntenin promoted breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. We further showed that activation of integrin β1 and ERK1/2 was required for syntenin-mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The correlation between syntenin expression and tumor size (P = 0.011), lymph node status (P = 0.001), and recurrence (P = 0.002) was statistically significant. More important, syntenin expression in primary tumors was significantly related to patients' overall survival (OS; P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.001). Its status was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.049) and DFS (P = 0.002) in our cohort of patients.

Conclusions
These results suggest that syntenin plays a significant role in breast cancer progression, and it warrants further investigation as a candidate molecular marker of breast cancer metastasis and a potential therapeutic target.
Septic serum induces glucocorticoid resistance and modifies the expression of glucocorticoid isoforms receptors: a prospective cohort study and in vitro experimental assay
Authors: Guerrero Julia , Gatica Héctor A , Rodríguez Margarita , Estay Roberto , Goecke Irmgadt Annelise 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Background
A protective role for glucocorticoid therapy in animal models of sepsis was shown many decades ago. In human sepsis, there is new interest in glucocorticoid therapy at a physiological dose after reports of improved response to vasopressor drugs and decreased mortality in a selected group of patients. However, other reports have not confirmed these results. Cellular glucocorticoid resistance could explain a possible cause of that. To evaluate this hypothesis, we evaluated the expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta, the dominant negative isoform of glucocorticoid receptor, in peripheral mononuclear cells of septic patients and the effect of serum septic patients over glucocorticoid receptor expression and glucocorticoid sensitivity in immune cells culture.

Methods
A prospective cohort study and an in vitro experimental study with matched controls were developed. Nine patients with septic shock and nine healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Mononuclear cells and serum samples were obtained from the patients with sepsis on admission to the Intensive Care Unit and on the day of discharge from hospital, and from healthy volunteers matched by age and sex with the patients. Glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta expression from patients and from immune cell lines cultured in the presence of serum from septic patients were studied by western blot. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was studied in control mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of serum from normal or septic patients. A statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data and analysis of variance for multiple comparison; P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
The patients' glucocorticoid receptor beta expression was significantly higher on admission than on discharge, whereas the alpha receptor was not significantly different. In vitro, septic serum induced increased expression of both receptors in T and B cells in culture, with a greater effect on receptor beta than the control serum. Septic serum induced glucocorticoid resistance in control mononuclear cells.

Conclusion
There is a transient increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor beta in mononuclear cells from septic patients. Serum from septic patients induces cell glucocorticoid resistance in vitro. Our findings support a possible cell glucocorticoid resistance in sepsis.