bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twin-arginine translocation-arresting protein regions contact TatA and TatB
Authors: Taubert Johannes , Brüser Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Tat systems translocate folded proteins across biological membranes of prokaryotes and plant plastids. TatBC complexes recognize N-terminal Tat signal peptides that contain a sequence motif with two conserved arginines (RR-motif), and transport takes place after a recruitment of TatA. Unfolded Tat substrate domains lower translocation efficiency and too long linkers lead to translocation arrest. To identify the components that interact with transported proteins during their passage through the translocon, we used a Tat substrate that arrests translocation at a long unfolded linker region, and we chose in vivo site-directed photo cross-linking to specifically detect the interactions of this linker region. For comparison, we included the interactions of the signal peptide and of the folded domain at the C-terminus of this construct. The data show that the linker contacts only two, structurally similar Tat components, namely TatA and TatB. These contacts depend on the recognition of the Tat-specific signal peptide. Only when membrane translocation of the globular domain was allowed – i.e., in the absence of the linker – we observed the same TatAB-contacts also to the globular domain. The data thus suggest that mature protein domains are translocated through a TatAB environment.
Nitrogen Configuration of Polybenzoxazine Carbide
Authors: Zhang Huachuan , Gu Wu , Zhu Rongqi , Ran Qichao , Gu Yi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCarbon materials should have specific centers for its functionalities. In this study, the specific centers of polybenzoxazine carbides were studied for the first time. Three classical benzoxazine monomers were chose as the object. The transformation of nitrogen configuration of polybenzoxazines carbides was characterized via pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the tertiary amine nitrogen converted to pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen incorporated in graphene residuals during the carbonization, which were the specific centers for the functionality.
Spectral problems and scattering on noncompact star-shaped graphs containing finite rays
Authors: Mochizuki Kiyoshi , Trooshin Igor 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We consider Schrödinger operators on noncompact star-shaped graphs. The following topics will be treated under suitable decay conditions on the potential: characterization of the set of eigenvalues and expression of each eigen-projection; low-energy behavior of the resolvent, spectral representations of the operator restricted on infinite rays; determination of the Marchenko equations and the inverse scattering problems.
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease After Implementation of 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Tam Pui-Ying Iroh , Madoff Lawrence C. , Coombes Brandon , Pelton Stephen I. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether there is a different clinical profile and severity of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children caused by nonvaccine types in the era of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13).

METHODS:
Observational study of childhood IPD in Massachusetts based on state public health surveillance data comparing pre-PCV13 (2007–2009) and post-PCV13 (2010–2012) eras.

RESULTS:
There were 168 pre-PCV13 cases of IPD and 85 post-PCV13 cases of IPD in Massachusetts children ≤5 years of age. PCV13 serotypes declined by 18% in the first 2 years after PCV13 use (P = .011). In the post-PCV13 phase, a higher proportion of children were hospitalized (57.6% vs 50.6%), and a higher proportion of children had comorbidity (23.5% vs 19.6%). Neither difference was statistically significant, nor were comparisons of IPD caused by vaccine and nonvaccine types. Children with comorbidities had higher rates of IPD caused by a nonvaccine type (27.6% vs 17.2%; P = .085), were more likely to be hospitalized (80.4% vs 50%; P &lt; .0001), and were more likely to have a longer hospital stay (median of 3 days vs 0.5 days; P = .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Initial data suggest that nonvaccine serotypes are more common in children with underlying conditions, who have greater morbidity from disease. In the post-PCV13 era, a larger proportion of patients are hospitalized, but mortality rates are unchanged. Routine vaccination with PCV13 may not be enough to reduce the risk in patients with comorbidity.
Biomarker Validation: Common Data Analysis Concerns
Authors: Ensor Joe E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBiomarker validation, like any other confirmatory process based on statistical methodology, must discern associations that occur by chance from those reflecting true biological relationships. Validity of a biomarker is established by authenticating its correlation with clinical outcome. Validated biomarkers can lead to targeted therapy, improve clinical diagnosis, and serve as useful prognostic and predictive factors of clinical outcome. Statistical concerns such as confounding and multiplicity are common in biomarker validation studies. This article discusses four major areas of concern in the biomarker validation process and some of the proposed solutions. Because present-day statistical packages enable the researcher to address these common concerns, the purpose of this discussion is to raise awareness of these statistical issues in the hope of improving the reproducibility of validation study findings.
Application of Taguchi and Anova Methods in Selection of Process Parameters for Surface Roughness in Precision Turning of Titanium
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata 
Published: July 2014

Summary
The objective of this study is the selection of cutting data (such as nc, f, ap) and tool materials (PCD, ceramic, CBN and carbide cutting tools) in order to improve the surface roughness in precision turning operation of parts made of pure titanium (GRADE 2). Machining parameters and tool materials are considered as input parameters. The surface roughness is selected as the process output measure of performance. A Taguchi approach is employed to gather experimental data. Then, based on signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the best sets of cutting parameters and tool materials specifications have been determined.
A note on the convergence of partial Szász-Mirakyan type operators
Authors: Herzog Monika 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study approximation properties of partial modified Szasz-Mirakyan operators for functions from exponential weight spaces. We present some direct theorems giving the degree of approximation for these operators. The considered version of Szász-Mirakyan operators is more useful from the computational point of view.
Bioassay of Insecticides Against Three Honey Bee Species in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Husain D. , Qasim M. , Saleem M. , Akhter M. , Khan K.A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A study was conducted at the Eco-toxicology laboratory in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, against three species Apis florea, A. dorsata and A. mellifera of honey bees, to check long-term survival of honeybees when exposed to different insecticides. In this study, we used a modeling approach regarding survival data of caged bees under chronic exposure to seven insecticides (Carbosulfan, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin, Spinosad, Indoxacarb, Emamectin benzoate and Imidacloprid), having three replicates and four concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 ppm). We demonstrate the chronic toxicity induced by these insecticides. Laboratory bioassay of these insecticides showed that carbosulfan and imidacloprid were the most toxic at their high dose (1000 ppm) with LT50 of 4 hours in each case for A. mellifera, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid were the most toxic at their high dose (1000 ppm) with LT50 of 5 hours in each case for A. florea whereas chlorpyrifos was the most toxic at high dose (1000 ppm) with LT50 of 5 hours for A. dorsata. However, LT50 of spinosad was increased up to 18 hrs with decreasing concentrations at 125 ppm against A. mellifera, LT50 of spinosad was increased up to 15 hrs with decreasing concentrations at 125 ppm against A. florea as well as LT50 of spinosad and Emamectin benzoate was increased up to 20 hrs with decreasing concentrations at 125 ppm against A. dorsata. However, LT50 of all controlled species was 91-103 hrs.
Hydropower Generation on The Nysa Klodzka River
Authors: Kasperek Robert , Wiatkowski Mirosław 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Adopted in 2009, the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources sets out the rules for how Poland is to achieve the 15% target of total primary energy from renewables by 2020. However, there are fears that the goals set out in this Directive may not be met. The share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in national energy consumption (150 TWh) is estimated at 8.6 TWh in 2009 and 12 TWh in 2011 (5.7 and 8% respectively). The level of RES in Poland until 2005 was approx. 7.2%. The analysis of RES technologies currently in use in Poland shows that in terms of the share in the total capacity, the 750 hydro-electric power plants which are currently in operation (with the overall capacity of almost 0.95 GW) are second only to wind power stations (2 GW). The authors have studied the Nysa Klodzka River in terms of possible locations for hydro-electric facilities. Eight locations have been identified where power plants might be constructed with installed capacities ranging from 319 to 1717 kW. The expected total annual electric power generation of these locations would stand at approx. 37.5 GWh.
Composite Index of Local Government Employees Satisfaction
Authors: Jefmański Bartłomiej , Błoński Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper proposes a structure of a composite Index of Local Government Employees Satisfaction (ESI) in Poland. The index provides a based on four sub-indices synthetic assessment of the level of employee satisfaction with the employment in local government offices. The sub-indices have been constructed using an exploratory factor analysis with the VARIMAX one. The ESI and sub-indices values have been normalized in the range of [0–100%], wherein higher ESI values indicate higher employee satisfaction. The proposed approach is used to assess the level of employee satisfaction with the employment in some local government units in the West Pomerania province. The analysis was based on the results of the measurements made in 2009–2010 by comparing the results of two groups of employees separated on the basis of a criterion of their place of employment.
Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis Using Topsis Method For Interval Data In Research Into The Level Of Information Society Development
Authors: Łatuszyńska Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
When making choices and decisions, very seldom does the situation arise that a decision-maker very seldom bases their assessment of the options available on only one criterion. Frequently, many aspects of the available solutions are considered – both in terms of potential benefits and costs. In order to support decision makers, the Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is used for selecting the solution which is the best in several respects.
There are many methods of multi-criteria decision-analysis such as AHP, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, VIKOR or TOPSIS. In the article a modification of the last of these methods is used. With the use of TOPSIS method with interval arithmetic the analysis of the level of information society (IS) development in the European Union countries between 2005 to 2010 is performed and its results are presented.
The Jackson Queueing Network Model Built Using Poisson Measures. Application To A Bank Model
Authors: Ciuiu Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper we will build a bank model using Poisson measures and Jackson queueing networks. We take into account the relationship between the Poisson and the exponential distributions, and we consider for each credit/deposit type a node where shocks are modeled as the compound Poisson processes. The transmissions of the shocks are modeled as moving between nodes in Jackson queueing networks, the external shocks are modeled as external arrivals, and the absorption of shocks as departures from the network.
Effects of Regular Physical Exercises in the Water on the Metabolic Profile of Women with Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Kasprzak Zbigniew , Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Łucja 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recreational physical exercise in the water is predominantly based on aerobic metabolism. Since it involves both carbohydrate and lipid sources of energy, aqua aerobics has a beneficial effect on metabolism of these substrates. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a 3 month aqua aerobics training program on the metabolic profile of women with abdominal obesity. The study sample comprised 32 women aged 41-72 years. Somatic characteristics and variables characterizing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were measured before the commencement and after the completion of the training program. During the 2nd measurement all mean anthropometric variables were found to be significantly lower (p<0.01). In the blood lipid profile, the concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HOMAIR were significantly lower (p<0.01). Furthermore, the levels of fasting triglycerides, glucose and insulin were reduced significantly (p<0.05) after the training program. The aqua aerobics program contributed to positive changes in lipid metabolism, anthropometric variables, as well as the fasting insulin, glucose levels and insulin resistance index in women with abdominal obesity.
Game-Related Volleyball Skills that Influence Victory
Authors: Silva Miguel , Lacerda Daniel , João Paulo Vicente 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the volleyball skills that discriminate in favour of victory. Twenty-four games (n=24) from the Senior Men's Volleyball World Championship played in Italy in 2010 were chosen and analyzed with Data Volley software. The discriminating function was used to identify the discriminating variables, using a canonical structuring coefficient of |SC| >.30. The results suggest that service points, reception errors, and blocking errors were the discriminating variables that identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). Moreover, successful service points were the major variable most likely associated with match success (victory). In this sense, increasing the effectiveness of service should be a top priority in coaching elite volleyball teams.
Physical Fitness Differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman Junior Wrestlers
Authors: Demirkan Erkan , Kutlu Mehmet , Koz Mitat , Özal Mehmet , Favre Mike 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine physical fitness differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers. One hundred twenty-six junior wrestlers, comprising 70 Freestyle and 56 Greco-Roman wrestlers, participated in this study. The somatic and physical fitness profile included body mass, body height, body mass index, body composition, flexibility, maximal anaerobic power of the legs and arms, aerobic endurance, hand grip strength, leg and back strength, and speed. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and physical features between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The Greco-Roman wrestlers had a significantly higher level of relative leg power, peak arm power, relative peak arm power, and relative average arm power than Freestyle wrestlers (p < 0.05). Greco-Roman wrestlers were significantly faster, had better agility, and had a greater level of leg strength than Freestyle wrestlers, but Freestyle wrestlers were more flexible than Greco-Roman wrestlers (p < 0.05). Discriminant function analysis indicated that peak arm power, agility, speed, and flexibility were selective factors for the differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the differences between these wrestling styles promote physical fitness differences in elite wrestlers. The results reflect specific features of each wrestling style.
Evidence for significant protein-like dissolved organic matter accumulation in Sea of Okhotsk sea ice
Authors: Granskog Mats A. , Nomura Daiki , Müller Susann , Krell Andreas , Toyota Takenobu , Hattori Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in sea ice and surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was examined. Sea-water CDOM had featureless absorption increasing exponentially with shorter wavelengths. Sea ice showed distinct absorption peaks in the ultraviolet, especially in younger ice. Older first-year sea ice had relatively flat absorption spectra in the ultraviolet range. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified five fluorescent CDOM components, two humic-like and three protein-like. Sea water was largely governed by humic-like fluorescence. In sea ice, protein-like fluorescence was found in considerable excess relative to sea water. The accumulation of protein-like CDOM fluorescence in sea ice is likely a result of biological activity within the ice. Nevertheless, sea ice does not contribute excess CDOM during melt, but the material released will be of different composition than that present in the underlying waters. Thus, at least transiently, the CDOM introduced during sea-ice melt might provide a more labile source of fresher protein-like DOM to surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.
Snow thickness retrieval from L-band brightness temperatures: a model comparison
Authors: Maass Nina , Kaleschke Lars , Tian-Kunze Xiangshan , Tonboe Rasmus T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite’s L-band (1.4 GHz) measurements have been used to retrieve Snow thickness over thick sea Ice in a previous study. Here we consider brightness temperature simulations for 2.5–4.5m thick Arctic multi-year Ice and compare the results of the relatively simple emission model (M2013) used previously for the retrieval with simulations from a more complex model (T2011) that combines a sea-Ice version of the Microwave Emission Model for Layered Snowpacks (MEMLS) with a thermodynamic model. We find that L-band brightness temperature is mainly determined by Ice temperature. In the M2013 model, Ice temperature in turn is mainly determined by surface temperature and Snow thickness, and this dependence has been used previously to explain the potential for a Snow thickness retrieval. Our comparisons suggest that the M2013 retrieval model may benefit from a more sophisticated thermodynamic calculation of the Ice temperature or from using independent temperature data (e.g. from 6 GHz channels). In both models, horizontally polarized brightness temperatures increase with Snow thickness while holding surface temperature, Ice thickness and Snow density near constant. The increase in the T2011 model is steeper than in M2013, suggesting a higher sensitivity to Snow thickness than found earlier.
Co‐isolation of extracellular vesicles and high‐density lipoproteins using density gradient ultracentrifugation
Authors: Yuana Yuana , Levels Johannes , Grootemaat Anita , Sturk Auguste , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: July 2014

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate intercellular communication by carrying bioactive molecules such as proteins, messenger RNA, and micro (mi)RNAs. Recently, high‐density lipoproteins (HDL) isolated from human plasma were also reported to transport miRNA to other cells. HDL, when isolated from human plasma, ranges in density between 1.063 and 1.21 g/mL, which grossly overlap with the reported density of EVs. Consequently, HDL and EV will be co‐isolated when using density gradient ultracentrifugation. Thus, more stringent isolation/separation procedures of EV and HDL are essential to know their relative contribution to the pool of circulating bioactive molecules.
Expertise, Time, Money, Mentoring, and Reward: Systemic Barriers That Limit Education Researcher Productivity—Proceedings From the AAMC GEA Workshop
Authors: Yarris Lalena M. , Juve Amy Miller , Artino Anthony R. , Sullivan Gail M. , Rougas Steven , Joyce Barbara , Eva Kevin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
To further evolve in an evidence-based fashion, medical education needs to develop and evaluate new practices for teaching, learning, and assessment. However, educators face barriers in designing, conducting, and publishing education research.

Objective
To explore the barriers medical educators face in formulating, conducting, and publishing high-quality medical education research, and to identify strategies for overcoming them.

Methods
A consensus workshop was held November 5, 2013, at the Association of American Medical Colleges annual meeting. A working group of education research experts and educators completed a preconference literature review focusing on barriers to education research. During the workshop, consensus-based and small group techniques were used to refine the broad themes into content categories. Attendees then ranked the most important barriers and strategies for overcoming them with the highest potential impact.

Results
Barriers participants faced in conducting quality education research included lack of (1) expertise, (2) time, (3) funding, (4) mentorship, and (5) reward. The strategy considered most effective in overcoming these barriers involved building communities of education researchers for collaboration and networking, and advocating for education researchers' interests. Other suggestions included trying to secure increased funding opportunities, developing mentoring programs, and encouraging mechanisms to ensure protected time.

Conclusions
Barriers to education research productivity clearly exist. Many appear to result from feelings of isolation that may be overcome with systemic efforts to develop and enable communities of practice across institutions. Finally, the theme of “reward” is novel and complex and may have implications for education research productivity.