bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HER2 as a target in invasive urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Bellmunt Joaquim , Werner Lillian , Bamias Aristotle , Fay André P. , Park Rachel S. , Riester Markus , Selvarajah Shamini , Barletta Justine A. , Berman David M. , de Muga Silvia , Salido Marta , Gallardo Enrique , Rojo Federico , Guancial Elizabeth A. , Bambury Richard , Mullane Stephanie A. , Choueiri Toni K. , Loda Massimo , Stack Edward , Rosenberg Jonathan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe evaluated primary tumors from two cohorts, Spain (N = 111) and Greece (N = 102), for patients who were treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. Patients were tested for HER2 status (IHC score of 3+ or FISH ratio of ≥2.2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA copy number, mRNA expression, and mutation status in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), and its impact on survival. ERBB2 mutation was determined by hotspot sequencing. mRNA expression was assessed using NanoString counting. Association of overall survival (OS) and HER2 status was assessed by a Cox regression model. NIH‐3T3 cells containing HER2 V777L were assessed for growth, invasion, and HER2 kinase activation. In all, 22% of Spanish and 4% of Greek cohorts had 3+ HER2 staining by IHC. FISH amplification was identified in 20% of Spanish and 4% of Greek cohorts. Kappa coefficient between FISH and IHC was 0.47. HER2 status was not associated with OS in univariate (Spanish P = 0.34; Greek P = 0.11) or multivariate (Spanish P = 0.49; Greek P = 0.12) analysis. HER2‐positive tumors expressed higher levels of HER2 mRNA than HER2‐negative tumors (P < 0.001). HER2 mutations (V777L and L755S) were identified in two (2%) patients. In vitro analysis of V777L results in transformation of NIH‐3T3 cells, leading to increased growth, invasion on soft agar, and HER2 kinase constitutive activation. In summary, HER2 overexpression or amplification in the primary tumor did not predict OS in patients with metastatic UC. HER2 positivity rates can differ between different populations. Further trials in genomically screened patients are needed to assess HER2‐targeted therapies in UC.
Consumer perceptions of bundles and time‐limited promotion deals: Do contracts matter?
Authors: McQuilken Lisa , Robertson Nichola , Polonsky Michael , Harrison Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMarketers use various types of deals to positively influence consumers' product evaluations. Across two experiments, we manipulated print advertisements to examine whether the commonly used deal content of both bundling and time‐limited promotions affect consumers' perceived confusion, risk and value. In study 1, the influence of this content was tested in the context of a 2‐year telecommunications (telco) contract. Here, consumers associated a three‐item bundle with greater perceived value than a single item, but perceived value was reduced and risk heightened when it was only available for a limited time. We speculate that this is because of the long‐term nature of the contract. Study 2 removed the contract restriction, examining the bundling of a video game console and game(s), again with a time‐limited promotion. However, in this context, we failed to locate any interaction effects. It appears that consumers further appraise the drawbacks of a long‐term telco contract when accompanied by a time‐limited promotion and may perceive the switching costs for study 1 three‐item telco bundle to be particularly risky. Our studies represent the first empirical investigation of the effect on consumers' perceptions of offering a bundle in conjunction with a time‐limited promotion. Testing these effects in contract and no contract conditions adds to the contribution of our studies by delineating a boundary condition. From a managerial perspective, our findings are thought‐provoking in respect to information integration, or how consumers process different deal content together. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MH4P6N12 (M=Mg, Ca): New Imidonitridophosphates with an Unprecedented Layered Network Structure Type
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Celinski Vinicius R. , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIsotypic imidonitridophosphates MH4P6N12 (M=Mg, Ca) have been synthesized by high‐pressure/high‐temperature reactions at 8 GPa and 1000 °C starting from stoichiometric amounts of the respective alkaline‐earth metal nitrides, P3N5, and amorphous HPN2. Both compounds form colorless transparent platelet crystals. The crystal structures have been solved and refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Rietveld refinement confirmed the accuracy of the structure determination. In order to quantify the amounts of H atoms in the respective compounds, quantitative solid‐state 1H NMR measurements were carried out. EDX spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compositions. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of NH groups in both structures. The crystal structures reveal an unprecedented layered tetrahedral arrangement, built up from all‐side vertex‐sharing PN4 tetrahedra with condensed dreier and sechser rings. The resulting layers are separated by metal atoms.
Control over Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Photoinduced Tautomerization: Influence of the Hydrogen‐Bond Geometry
Authors: Parada Giovanny A. , Markle Todd F. , Glover Starla D. , Hammarström Leif , Ott Sascha , Zietz Burkhard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe influence of H‐bond geometry on the dynamics of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and photoinduced tautomerization in a series of phenol‐quinoline compounds is investigated. Control over the proton donor–acceptor distance (dDA) and dihedral angle between the proton donor–acceptor subunits is achieved by introducing methylene backbone straps of increasing lengths to link the phenol and quinoline. We demonstrate that a long dDA correlates with a higher barrier for ESIPT, while a large dihedral angle opens highly efficient deactivation channels after ESIPT, preventing the formation of the fully relaxed tautomer photoproduct.
Monitoring Ligand‐Mediated Growth and Aggregation of Metal Nanoparticles and Nanodendrites by In Situ Synchrotron Scattering Techniques
Authors: Ortiz Nancy , Hammons Joshua A. , Cheong Soshan , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn situ synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and ultra‐small angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) were used to study the growth of Pd nanodendrites and quasi‐spherical Pd nanoparticles. The metal–ligand environments of both the precursors and growing nanoparticles contribute to nanostructure formation. Specifically, the use of Pd(hfac)2 (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) as a precursor facilitated nanostructure formation more facilely compared to Pd(acac)2 (acac=acetylacetonate), as quantified by in situ WAXS. This enhanced rate is attributed to the better leaving group properties of the hfac− ligands, and this result demonstrates that fundamental principles from coordination chemistry can guide the selection of precursors in nanomaterial syntheses. This in situ approach also revealed concomitant nucleation, coalescence, and growth processes during the synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles. Significantly, this finding identifies self‐limited growth mediated by the local ligand environment of the particles as the central means of size distribution control and contradicts the typically cited mechanism (LaMer‐like growth) for such chemical systems. These observations highlight the importance of applying in situ approaches to study nanostructure formation as intertwined processes can be revealed.
Demonstration of pollinator‐mediated competition between two native Impatiens species, Impatiens noli‐tangere and I. textori (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Tokuda Nanako , Hattori Mitsuru , Abe Kota , Shinohara Yoshinori , Nagano Yusuke , Itino Takao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlant–plant interspecific competition via pollinators occurs when the flowering seasons of two or more plant species overlap and the pollinator fauna is shared. Negative sexual interactions between species (reproductive interference) through improper heterospecific pollen transfer have recently been reported between native and invasive species demonstrating pollination‐driven competition. We focused on two native Impatiens species (I. noli‐tangere and I. textori) found in Japan and examined whether pollinator‐mediated plant competition occurs between them. We demonstrate that I. noli‐tangere and I. textori share the same pollination niche (i.e., flowering season, pollinator fauna, and position of pollen on the pollinator's body). In addition, heterospecific pollen grains were deposited on most stigmas of both I. noli‐tangere and I. textori flowers that were situated within 2 m of flowers of the other species resulting in depressed fruit set. Further, by hand‐pollination experiments, we show that when as few as 10% of the pollen grains are heterospecific, fruit set is decreased to less than half in both species. These results show that intensive pollinator‐mediated competition occurs between I. noli‐tangere and I. textori. This study suggests that intensive pollinator‐mediated competition occurs in the wild even when interacting species are both native and not invasive.
A Practical Synthesis of Various 2‐Deoxy‐N‐glycosides by Using D‐Glucal
Authors: Meyerhoefer Terence J. , Kershaw Sonia , Caliendo Nadia , Eltayeb Sumeia , Hanawa‐Romero Emi , Bykovskaya Polina , Huang Victor , Marzabadi Cecilia H. , De Castro Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe herein report the synthesis of 2‐deoxy‐2‐iodo‐glycosylamides, glycosylurea, N‐glycosylbenzotriazole, and N‐glycosyl imidazole by addition reaction of trimethylsilyl amides, imidazoles, and benzotriazoles to D‐glucal in the presence of N‐iodosuccinimide and propionitrile at 0 °C. Two diastereomers were isolated ― the α‐mannose and β‐gluco isomers. Reduction and substitution reaction of the iodine at position C‐2 led to formation of various 2‐deoxy‐N‐glycosides and 2‐hydroxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamide. The newly generated compounds were screened for their inhibitory activity against various enzymes that included Nav1.7 sodium ion voltage‐gated channel in HEK293 cells and the results are discussed.
Stepwise Information-Filtering Tool (SIFT): A method for using risk assessment metadata in a nontraditional way
Authors: Beasley Amy , Belanger Scott E. , Otter Ryan R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Tools exist to evaluate large ecotoxicity databases for risk assessment purposes, but these tools are less useful for alternative analytical purposes. In the present study, the authors developed the Stepwise Information-Filtering Tool (SIFT), a strategic method to select relevant, reliable data from a large ecotoxicity database; demonstrated utility in a case study of chronic toxicity data for statistical endpoint comparison purposes; and evaluated SIFT by comparison with 2 existing data evaluation methods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1436–1442. © 2015 SETAC
Novel Bayes Factors That Capture Expert Uncertainty in Prior Density Specification in Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Spencer Amy V. , Cox Angela , Lin Wei‐Yu , Easton Douglas F. , Michailidou Kyriaki , Walters Kevin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBayes factors (BFs) are becoming increasingly important tools in genetic association studies, partly because they provide a natural framework for including prior information. The Wakefield BF (WBF) approximation is easy to calculate and assumes a normal prior on the log odds ratio (logOR) with a mean of zero. However, the prior variance (W) must be specified. Because of the potentially high sensitivity of the WBF to the choice of W, we propose several new BF approximations with , but allow W to take a probability distribution rather than a fixed value. We provide several prior distributions for W which lead to BFs that can be calculated easily in freely available software packages. These priors allow a wide range of densities for W and provide considerable flexibility. We examine some properties of the priors and BFs and show how to determine the most appropriate prior based on elicited quantiles of the prior odds ratio (OR). We show by simulation that our novel BFs have superior true‐positive rates at low false‐positive rates compared to those from both P‐value and WBF analyses across a range of sample sizes and ORs. We give an example of utilizing our BFs to fine‐map the CASP8 region using genotype data on approximately 46,000 breast cancer case and 43,000 healthy control samples from the Collaborative Oncological Gene‐environment Study (COGS) Consortium, and compare the single‐nucleotide polymorphism ranks to those obtained using WBFs and P‐values from univariate logistic regression.
Cigarette Taxes and Older Adult Smoking: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: MacLean Johanna Catherine , Kessler Asia Sikora , Kenkel Donald S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, we use the Health and Retirement Study to test whether older adult smokers, defined as those 50 years and older, respond to cigarette tax increases. Our preferred specifications show that older adult smokers respond modestly to tax increases: a $1.00 (131.6%) tax increase leads to a 3.8–5.2% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (implied tax elasticity = −0.03 to −0.04). We identify heterogeneity in tax elasticity across demographic groups as defined by sex, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status and by smoking intensity and level of addictive stock. These findings have implications for public health policy implementation in an aging population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal long‐term potentiation that is elicited by perforant path stimulation or that occurs in conjunction with spatial learning is tightly controlled by beta‐adrenoreceptors and the locus coeruleus
Authors: Hansen Niels , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe noradrenergic system, driven by locus coeruleus (LC) activation, plays a key role in the regulating and directing of changes in hippocampal synaptic efficacy. The LC releases noradrenaline in response to novel experience and LC activation leads to an enhancement of hippocampus‐based learning, and facilitates synaptic plasticity in the form of long‐term depression (LTD) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) that occur in association with spatial learning. The predominant receptor for mediating these effects is the β‐adrenoreceptor. Interestingly, the dependency of synaptic plasticity on this receptor is different in the hippocampal subfields whereby in the CA1 in vivo, LTP, but not LTD requires β‐adrenoreceptor activation, whereas in the mossy fiber synapse LTP and LTD do not depend on this receptor. By contrast, synaptic plasticity that is facilitated by spatial learning is highly dependent on β‐adrenoreceptor activation in both hippocampal subfields. Here, we explored whether LTP induced by perforant‐path (pp) stimulation in vivo or that is facilitated by spatial learning depends on β‐adrenoreceptors. We found that under both LTP conditions, antagonising the receptors disabled the persistence of LTP. β‐adrenoreceptor‐antagonism also prevented spatial learning. Strikingly, activation of the LC before high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) of the pp prevented short‐term potentiation but not LTP, and LC stimulation after pp‐HFS‐induced depotentiation of LTP. This depotentiation was prevented by β‐adrenoreceptor‐antagonism. These data suggest that β‐adrenoreceptor‐activation, resulting from noradrenaline release from the LC during enhanced arousal and learning, comprises a mechanism whereby the duration and degree of LTP is regulated and fine tuned. This may serve to optimize the creation of a spatial memory engram by means of LTP and LTD. This process can be expected to support the special role of the dentate gyrus as a crucial subregional locus for detecting and processing novelty within the hippocampus. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution and biomarkers of carbon‐14‐labeled fullerene C60 ([14C(U)]C60) in female rats and mice for up to 30 days after intravenous exposure
Authors: Sumner Susan C. J. , Snyder Rodney W. , Wingard Christopher , Mortensen Ninell P. , Holland Nathan A. , Shannahan Jonathan H. , Dhungana Suraj , Pathmasiri Wimal , Han Li , Lewin Anita H. , Fennell Timothy R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA comprehensive distribution study was conducted in female rats and mice exposed to a suspension of uniformly carbon‐14‐labeled C60 ([14C(U)]C60). Rodents were administered [14C(U)]C60 (~0.9 mg kg−1 body weight) or 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone‐saline vehicle alone via a single tail vein injection. Tissues were collected at 1 h and 1, 7, 14 and 30 days after administration. A separate group of rodents received five daily injections of suspensions of either [14C(U)]C60 or vehicle with tissue collection 14 days post exposure. Radioactivity was detected in over 20 tissues at all time points. The highest concentration of radioactivity in rodents at each time point was in liver, lungs and spleen. Elimination of [14C(U)]C60 was < 2% in urine and feces at any 24 h time points. [14C(U)]C60 and [14C(U)]C60‐retinol were detected in liver of rats and together accounted for ~99% and ~56% of the total recovered at 1 and 30 days postexposure, respectively. The blood radioactivity at 1 h after [14C(U)]C60 exposure was fourfold higher in rats than in mice; blood radioactivity was still in circulation at 30 days post [14C(U)]C60 exposure in both species (<1%). Levels of oxidative stress markers increased by 5 days after exposure and remained elevated, while levels of inflammation markers initially increased and then returned to control values. The level of cardiovascular marker von Willebrand factor, increased in rats, but remained at control levels in mice. This study demonstrates that [14C(U)]C60 is retained in female rodents with little elimination by 30 days after i.v. exposure, and leads to systemic oxidative stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quercetin and isorhamnetin aglycones are the main metabolites of dietary quercetin in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Wiczkowski Wiesław , Skipor Janina , Misztal Tomasz , Szawara‐Nowak Dorota , Topolska Joanna , Piskula Mariusz K. 
Published: February 2015

ScopeReports on the protective effect of certain foods on brain functions are numerous; however, the permeability of the brain barriers by food components is still hardly recognised. There have been in vitro studies aimed at demonstrating this possibility, but not much is known about this phenomenon in in vivo systems. The objective of the study was to determine the metabolites of dietary quercetin (Q) in urine, blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after intra‐rumen administration of Q rich onion dry skin in an animal model.Methods and resultsEleven sheep had permanently implanted cannulas in the third ventricle of the brain as the means for CSF collection. The animals were administered Q at the dose of 10 mg/kg bwt. For 12 h the concentration of Q metabolites was measured in urine, blood plasma, and CSF. It was demonstrated that while in blood plasma Q and isorhamnetin mono‐glucuronides or mono‐sulphates were the main metabolites (80%), in CSF their aglycones were the dominating ones (88%).ConclusionQ and IR aglycones are the main Q metabolites present in CSF after dietary Q intake. Their passive transport through blood–CSF barrier or a de‐conjugating mechanism within that barrier may be involved.
Deoxynivalenol inhibits the expression by goblet cells of intestinal mucins through a PKR and MAP kinase dependent repression of the resistin‐like molecule β
Authors: Pinton Philippe , Graziani Fabien , Pujol Ange , Nicoletti Cendrine , Paris Océane , Ernouf Pauline , Di Pasquale Eric , Perrier Josette , Oswald Isabelle P. , Maresca Marc 
Published: February 2015

ScopeThe food‐associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is known to affect intestinal functions. However, its effect on intestinal mucus is poorly characterized.Methods and resultsWe analyzed the effects of DON on human goblet cells (HT29‐16E cells) and porcine intestinal explants. Results showed that subtoxic doses of DON (as low as 1 μM) decreased mucin (MUC) production. qPCR analysis demonstrated that this inhibition was due to a specific decrease in the level of mRNA encoding for the intestinal membrane‐associated (MUC1) and the secreted MUCs (MUC2, MUC3). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that DON effect relied on the activation of the protein kinase R and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 ultimately leading to the inhibition of the expression of resistin‐like molecule beta, a known positive regulator of MUC expression.ConclusionTaken together, our results show that at low doses found in food and feed, DON is able to affect the expression and production of MUCs by human and animal goblet cells. Due to the important role of MUCs in the barrier function and in the interaction of commensal bacteria with the host, such effect could explain the observed modifications in the microbial diversity and the increased susceptibility to enteric infection following exposure to DON.
EMG spectral differences among the quadriceps femoris during the stretch reflex
Authors: Beck Travis W. , Simmons Jordon L. , Defreitas Jason M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic (EMG) spectral characteristics of the quadriceps femoris muscles during tendon tap stretch reflexes. Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects (mean ± SD age = 21.2 ± 2.8 years) performed tendon tap reflexes of the leg extensors as surface EMG signals were detected from the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles of the dominant thigh. All EMG signals were processed with a wavelet analysis, and the resulting spectra were decomposed with nonparametric spectral decomposition. Results: The results showed that the spectra for the VL had significantly more high‐frequency power than those for the RF and VM, with similar spectral shapes for the RF and VM. Conclusions: These findings could be due to differences in the width of the innervation zone, or the fiber type composition of the muscles, although the latter seems to be more likely. Muscle Nerve 52: 826–831, 2015
Efficient approximation of random fields for numerical applications
Authors: Harbrecht Helmut , Peters Michael , Siebenmorgen Markus 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis article is dedicated to the rapid computation of separable expansions for the approximation of random fields. We consider approaches based on techniques from the approximation of non‐local operators on the one hand and based on the pivoted Cholesky decomposition on the other hand. Especially, we provide ana posteriorierror estimate for the pivoted Cholesky decomposition in terms of the trace. Numerical examples are provided to validate and quantify the presented methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of high thermal stability polybenzoxazoles via ortho‐imide‐functional benzoxazine monomers
Authors: Zhang Kan , Liu Jia , Ohashi Seishi , Liu Xiaoyun , Han Zhewen , Ishida Hatsuo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe report our work for preparing cross‐linked polyimide via a series of imide functional benzoxazine resins as precursors. The structures of synthesized monomers have been confirmed by 1H NMR and FT‐IR. Among this class of benzoxazine monomers, the ortho‐imide functional benzoxazine resins show useful features both in the synthesis of benzoxazine monomers and the properties of the corresponding thermosets. For the cross‐linked polyimides based on ortho‐imide functional benzoxazine, an additional route is adopted to form a more thermally stable cross‐linked polybenzoxazole with the release of carbon dioxide. The ortho‐imide functional benzoxazine resins show the possibility to form high performance and even super high performance thermosets with low cost and easy processability. The thermal properties are evaluated by DSC and TGA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1330–1338