bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural tolerance in Escherichia coli ΔacrR regulatory mutants
Authors: Luhe Annette Lin , Lim Chan Yuen , Gerken Henri , Wu Jinchuan , Zhao Hua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe presence of the highly toxic furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass prompted the investigation of the Escherichia coli ΔacrR regulatory mutant for higher tolerance to these compounds, to facilitate the production of biofuels and biochemicals, and further biocatalytic conversions. In comparison with the parental strain, the regulatory mutant with the upregulated efflux pump AcrAB‐TolC produced moderately better growth and higher tolerance to concentrations of furfural and HMF between 1 and 2 g L−1.
Green extraction processes of natural products as tools for biorefinery
Authors: Rombaut Natacha , Tixier Anne‐Sylvie , Bily Antoine , Chemat Farid 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis review introduces a new and innovative area in the frontiers of chemistry, biology and processing: green extraction with special emphasis on natural products processing. Green extraction is a part of the sustainable development and industrial strategy; its history, concept, principles, and fundamentals are described. We pay special attention to the strategies and the tools available to make biorefinery greener. This review presents the innovative research in this area in the past five years in terms of innovative techniques (microwave, ultrasound, instantaneous pressure drop, supercritical fluid extraction, pressing) applied to green extraction of natural products with special examples applied to biorefinery concept.
Modularization of Gas Scrubbers for CO2 Separation from Biogas
Authors: Ohle Andrea , Obst Michael , Mollekopf Norbert , Urbas Leon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAls eines der Forschungsfelder der „50 %‐Idee”︁ wurde die Modularisierung identifiziert. Eine Entwicklungsmethodik für Module muss sowohl Skaleneffekte für die Investitionskosten als auch Kosten der Betriebsführung und Instandhaltung berücksichtigen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Folgen eines in diskreter Durchmesserstaffelung angebotenen Absorbermoduls auf den Gesamtprozess am Beispiel der CO2‐Abtrennung aus Biogas. Die Simulationsrechnungen zeigen die Auswirkungen auf den Desorberdurchmesser sowie den Energiebedarf des Prozesses und bilden damit die Grundlage für die Anwendung von Kostenmodellen.
Spatiotemporal expression analysis of the growth factor receptor SorCS3
Authors: Oetjen Sandra , Mahlke Claudia , Hermans‐Borgmeyer Irm , Hermey Guido 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSorCS3 is a member of the Vps10p‐D receptor family. These type I transmembrane proteins are regarded as sorting receptors, and some family members modulate signal transduction pathways by acting as co‐receptors. SorCS3 binds the nerve growth factor (NGF) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB), but the functional implications of these interactions are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that SorCS3 is almost exclusively expressed in the nervous system and is localized to vesicular structures. By using in situ hybridization, we analyze SorCS3 dynamic expression during embryonic and postnatal development and compare the expression pattern with those of the homologous genes SorCS1 and SorCS2. SorCS3 transcripts are widely distributed in the nervous system but are absent from the embryonic cerebral cortex. SorCS3 expression marks thalamic nuclei at embryonic and early postnatal stages. However, during postnatal development and in the adult, a switch in the localization of SorCS3 transcripts was observed. At these stages forebrain structures, such as the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex, show most prominent expression. The developmental expression pattern of SorCS3 is in accordance with the proposed function as a receptor for growth factors or morphogenic signals. On the cellular level, we demonstrate that the SorCS3 cytoplasmic domain targets receptors to the Golgi apparatus, vesicular structures, and the cell surface. In neurons, receptors are localized to vesicles in the soma and dendrites. Moreover, we show that the SorCS3 cytoplasmic domain conveys internalization through canonical endocytic motifs in an adaptor protein 2 (AP‐2)‐dependent way. This is in agreement with a proposed function as a neuronal sorting receptor. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3386–3402, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studying the Glycan Moiety of RNase B by Means of Raman and Raman Optical Activity
Authors: Mensch Carl , Pendrill Robert , Widmalm Göran , Johannessen Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRaman and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy are used to study the solution‐phase structure of the glycan moiety of the protein ribonuclease B (RNase B). Spectral data of the intact glycan moiety of RNase B is obtained by subtracting high‐quality spectral data of RNase A, the non‐glycosylated form of the RNase, from the spectra of the glycoprotein. The remaining difference spectra are compared to spectra generated from Raman and ROA data of the constituent disaccharides of the RNase glycan, achieving convincing spectral overlap. The results show that ROA spectroscopy is able to extract detailed spectral data of the glycan moieties of proteins, provided that the non‐glycosylated isoform is available. Furthermore, good comparison between the full glycan spectrum and the regenerated spectra based on the disaccharide data lends great promise to ROA as a tool for the solution‐phase structural analysis of this structurally elusive class of biomolecules.
Anorexia nervosa complicated by diabetes mellitus: The case for permissive hyperglycemia
Authors: Brown Carrie , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe coexistence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and anorexia nervosa results in an increased incidence of known diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy, presumably because blood glucose is difficult to control within the throes of comorbid anorexia nervosa. In addition, even when a diabetic patient with anorexia nervosa has committed to resolving his or her eating disorder, glucose control is again difficult and fraught with complexity and peril as will be highlighted in the following case report. Prudence dictates that strict glucose control is not indicated for the relatively short period of time that constitutes the early stage of refeeding in a patient with severe anorexia nervosa. Rather, “permissive hyperglycemia” may be the more optimal course to pursue, as a clinical strategy which is considerate of both the criticality of the refeeding treatment plan and of the long‐term nature of the diabetic illness. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:671–674)
Neuropsychological function in patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
Authors: Weider Siri , Indredavik Marit Sæbø , Lydersen Stian , Hestad Knut 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study explored the neuropsychological performance of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) compared with healthy controls (HCs). An additional aim was to investigate the effect of several possible mediators on the association between eating disorders (EDs) and cognitive function.MethodForty patients with AN, 39 patients with BN, and 40 HCs who were comparable in age and education were consecutively recruited to complete a standardized neuropsychological test battery covering the following cognitive domains: verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, speed of information processing, visuospatial ability, working memory, executive function, verbal fluency, attention/vigilance, and motor function.ResultsThe AN group scored significantly below the HCs on eight of the nine measured cognitive domains. The BN group also showed inferior performance on six cognitive domains. After adjusting for possible mediators, the nadir body mass index (lowest lifetime BMI) and depressive symptoms explained all findings in the BN group. Although this adjustment reduced the difference between the AN and HC groups, the AN group still performed worse than the HCs regarding verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, visuospatial ability, working memory, and executive functioning.DiscussionPatients with EDs scored below the HCs on several cognitive function measures, this difference being most pronounced for the AN group. The nadir BMI and depressive symptoms had strong mediating effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify the importance of weight restoration and treatment of depressive symptoms in the prevention of a possible cognitive decline. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:397–405)
Metallic Bi‐ and Monolayered Radical Cation Salts Based on Bis(ethylenedithio)­tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT‐TTF) with the Tris(oxalato)gallate Anion
Authors: Prokhorova Tatiana G. , Buravov Lev I. , Yagubskii Eduard B. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Simonov Sergey V. , Shibaeva Rimma P. , Zverev Vladimir N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNew metallic triclinic (1) and monoclinic (2) crystals of the (BEDT‐TTF)4AI[MIII(C2O4)3]G family of organic molecular conductors have been prepared: α‐“pseudo‐κ”‐(BEDT‐TTF)4Kx(H3O)1–x[GaIII(C2O4)3]·1,2‐C6H4Br2 (x ≈ 0.45) (1) and β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)4Kx(H3O)1–x[GaIII(C2O4)3]·PhBr (x ≈ 0.33) (2). The triclinic crystals belong to a quite rare type of bilayered radical ion salts and contain alternating BEDT‐TTF layers with two distinct packing motifs (α‐ and “pseudo‐κ”). The monoclinic crystals contain one kind of BEDT‐TTF radical cation layers. The crystal structure, transport, and magnetotransport properties of 1 and 2 have been studied. The Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations were found in both phases. The structure and properties of 1 and 2 are compared with another similar phase with M = FeIII.
A Novel Potentiometric Detection Strategy for the Determination of Amlodipine Besylate Based on Functionalized Particles
Authors: El‐Kosasy Amira M. , Tawakkol Shereen M. , Ayad Miriam F. , Sheta Ahmed I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA novel potentiometric strategy based on functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and microparticles were compared with the classical potentiometric strategy. This strategy provided nano‐ and microsized particles that were highly dispersed and coated with ionophore and plasticizer to promote an in situ cooperative ion‐pairing interaction between the ionophore and the analyte present in inner solution of sensor membrane, compared to the classical technique. Three amlodipine (AML) sensors were constructed using functionalized nanoparticles in sensor 1; microparticles in sensor 2, as ionophores, and the polymeric membrane ionophoric property in sensor 3.
Intrinsically Porous Polymer Protects Catalytic Gold Particles for Enzymeless Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Rong Yuanyang , Malpass‐Evans Richard , Carta Mariolino , McKeown Neil B. , Attard Gary A. , Marken Frank 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe enzymeless glucose oxidation process readily occurs on nano‐gold electrocatalyst at pH 7, but it is highly susceptible to poisoning (competitive binding), for example from protein or chloride. Is it shown here that gold nanoparticle catalyst can be protected against poisoning by a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐EA‐TB with BET surface area 1027 m2 g−1). This PIM material when protonated, achieves a triple catalyst protection effect by (i) size selective repulsion of larger protein molecules (albumins) and (ii) membrane ion selection effects, and (iii) membrane ion activity effects. PIM materials allow “environmental control” to be introduced in electrocatalytic processes.
Transformation im Zeichen des Digitalen
Authors: Funke Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBig Data, Digitalisierung, Open Access — die wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken stehen vor großen Herausforderungen. Diesen müssen auch die Infrastrukturprogramme der DFG Rechnung tragen. Ein weiterer Schritt dazu ist die Einführung von „Fachinformationsdiensten für die Wissenschaft”︁.
Wertvolle Aversion
Authors: Schedlowski Manfred 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAuch das menschliche Immunsystem kann lernen. Wie es dafür mit dem Gehirn kommuniziert, lässt sich mithilfe der klassischen Konditionierung untersuchen. Immunreaktionen und Krankheitsverläufe besser zu verstehen ist das Ziel.
Involvement of the lateral entorhinal cortex for the formation of cross‐modal olfactory‐tactile associations in the rat
Authors: Boisselier Lise , Ferry Barbara , Gervais Rémi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWhile the olfactory and tactile vibrissal systems have been extensively studied in the rat, the neural basis of these cross‐modal associations is still elusive. Here we tested the hypothesis that the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) could be particularly involved. In order to tackle this question, we have developed a new behavioral paradigm which consists in finding one baited cup (+) among three, each of the cups presenting a different and specific odor/texture (OT) combination. During the acquisition of a first task (Task OT1), the three cups were associated with the following OT combination: O1T1 for the baited cup; O2T1 and O1T2 for non‐baited ones. Most rats learn this task within three training sessions (20 trials/session). In a second task (Task OT2) animals had to pair another OT combination with the reward using a new set of stimuli (O3T3+, O4T3, and O3T4). Results showed that rats manage to learn Task OT2 within one session only. In a third task (Task OT3) animals had to learn another OT combination based on previously learned items (e.g. O4T4+, O1T4 and O4T1). This task is called the “recombination task.” Results showed that control rats solve the recombination task within one session. Animals bilaterally implanted with cannulae in the LEC were microinfused with d‐APV (3 µg/0.6 µL) just before the acquisition or the test session of each task. The results showed that NMDA receptor blockade in LEC did not affect recall of Task OT1 but strongly impaired acquisition of both Task OT2 and OT3. Moreover, two control groups of animals infused with d‐APV showed no deficit in the acquisition of unimodal olfactory and tactile tasks. Taken together, these data show that the NMDA system in the LEC is involved in the acquisition of association between an olfactory and a tactile stimulus during cross‐modal learning task. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topological Mapping of BRIL Reveals a Type II Orientation and Effects of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mutations on Its Cellular Destination
Authors: Patoine Alexa , Gaumond Marie-Hélène , Jaiswal Prashant K , Fassier François , Rauch Frank , Moffatt Pierre 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

BRIL/IFITM5 is a membrane protein present almost exclusively in osteoblasts, which is believed to adopt a type III (N-out/C-out) topology. Mutations in IFITM5 cause OI type V, but the characteristics of the mutant protein and the mechanism involved are still unknown. The purpose of the current study was to re-assess the topology, localization, and biochemical properties of BRIL and compare it to the OI type V mutant in MC3T3 osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence labeling was performed with antibodies directed against BRIL N- or C-terminus. In intact cells, BRIL labeling was conspicuously detected at the plasma membrane only with the anti-C antibody. Detection of BRIL N-terminus was only possible after cell permeabilization, revealing both plasma membrane and Golgi labeling. Trypsinization of live cells expressing BRIL only cleaved off the C-terminus, confirming that it is a type II protein and that its N-terminus is intracellular. A truncated form of BRIL lacking the last 18 residues did not appear to affect localization, whereas mutation of a single leucine to arginine within the transmembrane segment abolished plasma membrane targeting. BRIL is first targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum as the entry point to the secretory pathway and rapidly traffics to the Golgi via a COPII-dependent pathway. BRIL was found to be palmitoylated and two conserved cysteine residues (C52 and C53) were critical for targeting to the plasma membrane. The OI type V mutant BRIL, having a five residue extension (MALEP) at its N-terminus, presented with exactly the same topological and biochemical characteristics as wild type BRIL. In contrast, the S42 &gt; L mutant BRIL was trapped intracellularly in the Golgi. BRIL proteins and transcripts were equally detected in bone from a patient with OI type V, suggesting that the cause of the disease is a gain of function mediated by a faulty intracellular activity of the mutant BRIL. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
IMPLEMENTATION OF POST‐CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AID INITIATIVES: EVIDENCE FROM AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Kadirova Diloro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study examines what drives success in the implementation of international reconstruction and development aid projects in a post‐conflict environment. It tests a novel explanatory model using an original data set of 124 projects implemented in Afghanistan. Study results highlight that the national (recipient) government's political support and the quality of international project leadership consistently influence project success. In combination, these two factors not only make projects more likely to succeed but allow achieving the highest rates of success.The qualitative findings add to the conventional ‘instrumental’ qualities of leadership the qualities of ‘moral’ leadership, such as the ability to build trust and respect with national counterparts based on the record of competence, dedication and delivery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivation Enhances the Ability to Detect Truth from Deception in Audio‐only Messages
Authors: Wu Song , Cai Wei , Jin Shenghua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have found that motivation to detect deception impairs participants' ability to do so when truthful/deceitful statements are presented via an audio‐visual medium. However, the effect of motivation on detecting deception may be different if statements are presented via a different medium. The present study explored how motivation influences accuracy in detecting deception in an audio‐only context. Eighty‐one participants (45 women) were randomly assigned to a high‐motivation or low‐motivation condition, and participants' motivation was manipulated via a monetary reward. Participants were then asked to judge 10 audio‐only statements about a travelling experience on a binary scale (truth or deceit). A 2 (motivation: high vs low) × 2 (messages veracity: truth‐accuracy vs lie‐accuracy) × 2 (participant gender) mixed model analysis of variance revealed that highly motivated participants performed better than less‐motivated participants did in terms of truth‐accuracy and total accuracy rates but not in terms of lie‐accuracy rates. The theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Polymer‐Filler Interactions in TiO2‐Filled Poly(n‐alkyl methacrylates) by Low‐Field NMR Relaxometry
Authors: Guthausen Gisela , Räntzsch Volker , Biquet Cloé , Schlabach Sabine , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: April 2014

Low‐field NMR relaxometry is sensitive to molecular mobility within well‐defined time windows and can thus be applied to study interactions between polymers and inorganic filler particles in composite materials. Volume fraction and dispersion of the filler influence the polymer chain dynamics, which also modify the macroscopic properties of the polymer composites. As model systems, TiO2‐filled poly(n‐alkyl methacrylates) with different side‐chain lengths and filler contents are prepared by melt mixing. Several 1H NMR relaxation parameters, which are sensitive and selective toward polymer–filler interactions, are investigated at a Larmor frequency of 20 MHz as a function of temperature. Both physical and empirical models are used to analyze the NMR data, and the results are compared with the aim of an unambiguous detection of polymer–filler interactions.
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“Heavy‐Atom” Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Gibson Gregory L. , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: April 2014

Heavy‐atom substitution chemistry in donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers has gained increasing attention in the past few years. Overall, the introduction of “heavy” atoms (below C in group 14; below N in group 15; below S in group 16) into D–A conjugated polymers allows control over properties through relatively straightforward synthetic chemistry, and produces materials with high molecular weights (>20 000 g mol−1), strong absorption (ε ≈ 40 000 L mol−1 cm−1), narrow highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps (<1 eV), as well as high charge‐carrier mobility (>10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1). This Trend article aims to describe heavy‐atom substitution effects in D–A polymers, and their applications, by systematically examining representative polymer structures.
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Optical Behaviors of Flexible Photonic Films via the Developed Multiple UV‐Exposed Fabrications
Authors: Chien Chih‐Chieh , Liu Jui‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2014

Recently, extensive investigations are carried out on design of highly controlled architecture and morphology by polymerizing the monomers doped in well‐defined liquid crystalline materials, followed by removal of the template liquid crystal molecules. In this communication, a photonic structure used as a new photonic bandgap (PBG) material is developed by imprinting helical structures on polymer matrices through multiple photocrosslinking processes in an induced chiral nematic mesophase using flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films as substrates. The tuning properties of the reflection band of the imprinted cell are achieved using an uniaxial thermo‐stretching equipment. Furthermore, refilling of isotropic materials into the imprinted cells tune the reflection light wavelength leads to the change of color.image
Injection Moulding of Highly Filled Soft Magnetic Compounds for the Production of Complex Electric/Electronic (Micro‐) Parts
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Hopmann Christian , Fragner Jan 
Published: April 2014

SummaryElectric/electronic devices become increasingly more complex and are used in highly integrated assembly groups. Soft magnets generally show only “moderate” magnetic properties; however, they exhibit a comparably high permeability which allows the material for being used in conjunction with hard magnets as a “magnetic conductor”. Thus, the magnetic flux density of such parts can be improved leading to a better accuracy and functionality of switches, valves or pumps. In particular for micro applications the use of plastics‐bonded soft magnets in combination with hard magnets integrated in one injection moulded part provides new opportunities for electric/electronic devices. The Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) at the RWTH Aachen further develops in cooperation with Siemens, Oechsler, and Arburg soft magnetic compounds focusing on micro applications. The magnetic properties of plastics‐bonded soft magnets are significantly reduced compared to pressed or sintered materials. Compounds filled with spherically shaped fillers as iron‐silicon show better flow and processing properties compared to irregular‐ or flaky‐shaped fillers. Due to the specific flow conditions the magnetic properties are not homogeneous throughout the part. At the end of the flow path the filler content is considerably increased leading to higher soft magnetic properties. This can be well correlated by means of microscopic analyses.