bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in carbon stocks of Danish agricultural mineral soils between 1986 and 2009
Authors: Taghizadeh‐Toosi A. , Olesen J. E. , Kristensen K. , Elsgaard L. , Østergaard H. S. , Lægdsmand M. , Greve M. H. , Christensen B. T. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTo establish a national inventory of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and their change over time, soil was sampled in 1986, 1997 and 2009 in a Danish nation‐wide 7‐km grid and analysed for SOC content. The average SOC stock in 0–100‐cm depth soil was 142 t C ha−1, with 63, 41 and 38 t C ha−1 in the 0–25, 25–50 and 50–100 cm depths, respectively. Changes at 0–25 cm were small. During 1986–97, SOC in the 25–50‐cm layer increased in sandy soils while SOC decreased in loam soils. In the subsequent period (1997–2009), most soils showed significant losses of SOC. From 1986 to 2009, SOC at 0–100 cm decreased in loam soils and tended to increase in sandy soils. This trend is ascribed to dairy farms with grass leys being abundant on sandy soils while cereal cropping dominates on loamy soils. A statistical model including soil type, land use and management was applied separately to 0–25, 25–50 and 50–100 cm depths to pinpoint drivers for SOC change. In the 0–25 cm layer, grass leys added 0.95 t C ha−1 year−1 and autumn‐sown crops with straw incorporation added 0.40 t C ha−1 year−1. Cattle manure added 0.21 t C ha−1 year−1. Most interestingly, grass leys contributed 0.58 t C ha−1 year−1 at 25–50 cm, confirming that inventories based only on top‐soils are incomplete. We found no significant effects in 50–100 cm. Our study indicates a small annual loss of 0.2 t C ha−1 from the 0–100 cm soil layer between 1986 and 2009.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV‐infected patients contain CD8 T cells that form conjugates with and kill HIV‐infected autologous CD4 T cells
Authors: Chorin Ehud , Gal‐Garber Orit , Yagel Yael , Turner Dan , Avidor Boaz , Berke Gideon , Hassin David 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of untreated, HIV‐infected patients contain HIV‐specific CD8 T cells as well as their corresponding targets, HIV‐infected CD4 T cells. To determine if CD4 T‐cell depletion in HIV‐infected patients may result from autologous CD8–CD4 T‐cell interaction, CD8 and CD4 T cells procured from PBMC of acute and chronic untreated HIV‐infected patients were sorted and co‐incubated. Formation of CD8‐CD4 T‐cell conjugates was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis of CD4 T cells in conjugation was recorded by digitized images and was further observed and measured by FACS using Annexin staining. Perforin expression in the CD8 T cells was measured using intracellular monoclonal perforin antibody staining. HIV DNA in the conjugated CD4 T cells was detected by in situ PCR. We found that 6·1 ± 0·5% of CD4 T cells from acute HIV‐infected patients and 3·0 ± 0·5% from chronic HIV‐infected patients formed CD8–CD4 T‐cell conjugates. Annexin binding and cell morphology typical of apoptosis were observed in the conjugated CD4 T cells. The majority of CD8 T cells that had conjugated to CD4 T cells expressed perforin. The conjugated CD4 T cells exhibited nuclear HIV DNA. CD8 T cells and HIV‐infected CD4 T cells, both procured from the PBMC of untreated HIV‐infected patients, form conjugates. Apoptotic lytic activity has been observed in the conjugated CD4 T cells. We propose that CD4 T‐cell annihilation in HIV‐infected patients results, at least in part, from the interactions of perforin‐rich CD8 T cells with autologous, HIV‐infected CD4 T cells.
Every wound counts: a case of undiscovered wound in mons pubis resulting in a chronic foreign body granuloma of the abdominal wall
Authors: Ramman Saif , Al‐Rubayee Hassan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA 33‐year‐old male patient presented to clinic with a tender, discharging wound at mons pubis area. Three months before, he was a victim in a blast injury and received lifesaving emergency laparotomy at a field hospital in Baghdad, where shrapnel was removed from the abdomen and he was subsequently discharged. We present this unusual case of chronic wound from an undiscovered injury that was not formally explored at initial treatment, highlighting the importance of systematic exploration of all wounds particularly in sensitive body areas, despite cultural barriers both for the assessing clinicians and for the patients in that part of the world.
How the World Trade Organization shapes regulatory governance
Authors: Shaffer Gregory 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe World Trade Organization (WTO) arguably shapes regulatory governance in more countries to a greater extent than any other international organization. This article provides a new framework for assessing the broader transnational regulatory implications of the WTO as part of a transnational legal order (TLO) in terms of four dimensions of regulatory change that permeate the state: (i) changes in the boundary between the market and the state (involving concomitantly market liberalization and growth of the administrative state); (ii) changes in the relative authority of institutions within the state (promoting bureaucratized and judicialized governance); (iii) changes in professional expertise engaging with state regulation (such as the role of lawyers); and (iv) changes in normative frames and accountability mechanisms for national regulation (which are trade liberal and transnational in scope). In practice, these four dimensions of change interact and build on each other. The article presents what we know to date and a framework for conducting further study of such transnational legal ordering.
Dermal matrix affects translucency of incident light on the skin
Authors: Kim H. J. , Baek J. H. , Eo J. E. , Choi K. M. , Shin M. K. , Koh J. S. 
Published: September 2014

Background/aimsThe age‐dependent changes in the optical reflection characteristics have been studied about skin hydration, melanin index, or skin color. However, the age‐dependent changes in the optical reflection have little attention on inner skin structures. To control the factors affecting the optical reflection except for dermal matrix, subjects were selected as our guideline and we evaluated the optical reflection of subsurface on skin layers of two age groups.MethodYoung and old healthy volunteers were recruited after signing a written informed consent form. Facial skin was measured by means of noninvasive measurements: skin hydration, color, epidermis and dermis thickness, dermal density, subsurface reflectance, and transmittance.ResultCompared to young group, old group showed that dermal density and thickness was decreased significantly although epidermis thickness was not changed.ConclusionIn conclusion, dermal density is one of the major factors which affects the subsurface reflectance in skin.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Enterohepatic
Helicobacter
Species Isolated from Humans and One from Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Shen Zeli , Sheh Alexander , Young Sarah K. , Abouelliel Amr , Ward Doyle V. , Earl Ashlee M. , Fox James G. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Draft genome sequences of seven enterohepatic
Helicobacter
species,
H. bilis, H. canadensis, H. canis, H. cinaedi, H. winghamensis, H. pullorum
, and
H. macacae
, are presented. These isolates were obtained from clinical patients and a nonhuman primate. Due to potential zoonotic risks, we characterized antibiotic resistance markers and
Helicobacter
virulence factors.
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Respiratory Isolate IA565
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah G. , Spurbeck Rachel R. , Sandhu Sukhinder K. , Matson Jyl S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a clinically significant opportunistic bacterial pathogen as well as a normal member of the human microbiota.
K. pneumoniae
strain IA565 was isolated from a tracheal aspirate at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Here, we present the genome sequence of
K. pneumoniae
IA565.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. UK4, a Model Organism for Studies of Functional Amyloids in
Pseudomonas
Authors: Dueholm Morten Simonsen , Danielsen Heidi Nolsøe , Nielsen Per Halkjær 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the complete genome of
Pseudomonas
sp. UK4. This bacterium was the first
Pseudomonas
strain shown to produce functional amyloids, and it represents a model organism for studies of functional amyloids in
Pseudomonas
(Fap).
Short‐Term Change in eGFR and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Turin Tanvir Chowdhury , James Matthew T. , Jun Min , Tonelli Marcello , Coresh Joseph , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: September 2014

Background

Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
) on a single occasion is associated with risk of cardiovascular events; whether the degree of change in
eGFR
during a 1‐year period adds prognostic information is unknown.

Methods and Results

We included adults who had ≥2 outpatient
eGFR
measurements (≥6 months apart) during a 1‐year accrual period in Alberta, Canada. According to recent guidelines, we used a change in
eGFR
category (≥90, 60 to 89, 45 to 59, 30 to 44, 15 to 29, and <15
mL
/min per 1.73 m
2
), and the presence/absence of a ≥25% change from baseline to classify participants into 5 groups: certain drop, uncertain drop, stable (no change), uncertain rise, and certain rise. We calculated adjusted rates of cardiovascular events (per 10 000 person‐years) for each group. We estimated the adjusted risks of cardiovascular events associated with each category of change in
eGFR
, in reference to stable kidney function. Among the 526 388 participants, 76.1% (n=400 560) had stable, 2.6% (n=13 668) had a certain drop, and 3.3% (n=17 499) had a certain rise in
eGFR
. Compared with participants with stable kidney function, adjusted risks of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke were 27%, 51%, and 20% higher, respectively, for those with a certain drop in kidney function. After adjusting for the last
eGFR
at the end of the accrual period, the observed association diminished.

Conclusion

Clinically relevant changes in
eGFR
are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, most of the apparent increase in risk can be accounted for by assessing comorbidity and baseline kidney function.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Process of Care and Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xian Ying , Holloway Robert G. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Reeves Mathew J. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schulte Phillip J. , Cox Margueritte , Olson DaiWai M. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lytle Barbara L. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Although racial/ethnic differences in care are pervasive in many areas of medicine, little is known whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) care processes or outcomes differ by race/ethnicity.

Methods—
We analyzed 123 623 patients with ICH (83 216 white, 22 147 black, 10 519 Hispanic, and 7741 Asian) hospitalized at 1199 Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals between 2003 and 2012. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association among race, stroke performance measures, and in-hospital outcomes.

Results—

Relative to white patients, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were significantly younger, but more frequently had more severe stroke (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 9, 10, 10, and 11, respectively;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for both patient and hospital-level characteristics, black patients were more likely to receive deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, rehabilitation assessment, dysphagia screening, and stroke education, but less likely to have door to computed tomographic time ≤25 minutes and smoking cessation counseling than whites. Both Hispanic and Asian patients had higher odds of dysphagia screening but lower odds of smoking cessation counseling. In-hospital all-cause mortality was lower for blacks (23.0%), Hispanics (22.8%), and Asians (25.3%) than for white patients (27.6%). After risk adjustment, all minority groups had lower odds of death, of receiving comfort measures only or of being discharged to hospice. In contrast, they were more likely to exceed the median length of stay when compared with white patients.

Conclusions—
Although individual quality indicators in ICH varied by race/ethnicity, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients with ICH had lower risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality than white patients with ICH.
Influence of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Injury on Glottal Configuration/Function of Thyroidectomy‐Induced Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Chang Ming‐Hong , Jiang Rong‐San , Wang Ching‐Ping , Wu Shang‐Heng , Liu Shih‐An , Wang Chen‐Chi 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury may induce unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). During thyroidectomy, the most common cause of UVFP, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), is also at risk of injury. In the literature, the influence of SLN injury on glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP remains controversial. The present study investigates SLN injury influence on glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP after thyroidectomy.Study DesignProspective controlled study.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe SLN and RLN function of 34 patients with UVFP after thyroidectomy was determined by laryngeal electromyography. The subjects were dichotomized into the isolated RLN injury group (n = 26) or the concurrent SLN/RLN injury group (n = 8). We evaluated glottal angle and paralyzed vocal fold shape during inspiration, normalized glottal gap area, and glottal shape during phonation. The glottal function measurements included voice acoustic and aerodynamic analyses and the Voice Handicap Index. The aforementioned parameters of the RLN and concurrent SLN/RLN injury groups were compared.ResultsThere were no statistical differences in glottal configuration such as glottal angle, paralyzed vocal fold shape, normalized glottal gap area, and glottal shape between the RLN and concurrent SLN/RLN injury groups. There were also no significant differences in other glottal function analyses including fundamental frequency, mean airflow rate, phonation quotient, maximal phonation time, and Voice Handicap Index.ConclusionIn the present study, we did not find any evidence that SLN injury could significantly influence the glottal configuration and function in patients with UVFP.
Monocytic cell differentiation from band-stage neutrophils under inflammatory conditions via MKK6 activation
Authors: Köffel René , Meshcheryakova Anastasia , Warszawska Joanna , Hennig Annika , Wagner Karin , Jörgl Almut , Gubi Daniela , Moser Doris , Hladik Anastasiya , Hoffmann Ulrike , Fischer Michael B. , van den Berg Wim , Koenders Marije , Scheinecker Clemens , Gesslbauer Bernhard , Knapp Sylvia , Strobl Herbert 
Published: September 2014

Key PointsOur study delineates a signaling pathway and molecular mechanism that band-stage neutrophils acquire to gain monocytic characteristics. Band-stage neutrophils from G-CSF–mobilized blood differentiate into monocytic cells upon recruitment to inflammatory sites.
Silver(I)-directed growth of metal-organic complex nanocrystals with bidentate ligands of hydroquinine anthraquinone-1,4-diyl diethers as linkers at the water-chloroform interface
Authors: Tang Ying , Wang Hui-Ting , Chen Meng , Qian Dong-Jin , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Immiscible liquid-liquid interfaces provide unique double phase regions for the design and construction of nanoscale materials. Here, we reported Ag(I)-directed growth of metal-organic complex nanocrystals by using AgNO3 as a connector in the aqueous solution and bidentate ligand of 1,4-bis(9-O-dihydroquininyl)anthraquinone [(DHQ)2AQN] and its enantiomer of (DHQD)2AQN in the chloroform solutions as linkers. The Ag-(DHQ)2AQN and Ag-(DHQD)2AQN complex nanocrystals were formed at the liquid-liquid interfaces and characterized by using UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as by using scanning electron microscopy. Screw-like nanocrystals were formed at the initial 30 min after the interfacial coordination reaction started, then they grew into nanorods after several days, and finally became cubic microcrystals after 2 weeks. The pure ligand showed two emission bands centered at about 363 and 522 nm in the methanol solution, the second one of which was quenched and shifted to about 470 nm in the Ag-complex nanocrystals. Two couples of reversible redox waves were recorded for the Ag-complex nanocrystals; one centered at about -0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was designated to one electron transfer process of Ag - (DHQ)2AQN and Ag - (DHQ)2AQN+, and the other one centered at about 0.2 V was designated to one electron transfer process of Ag - (DHQ)2AQN and Ag+ - (DHQ)2AQN.
Methodology and demographics of a single blinded, randomized controlled trial of chiropractic compared to physical therapy for balance impairments in community dwelling geriatric patients with or without low back pain
Authors: Enix Dennis E , Sudkamp Kasey L , Malmstrom Theodore K , Flaherty Joseph H 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
Postural control problems effect between 28% and 35% of individuals over the age 65 and increases with age. Musculoskeletal pain in the elderly impacts 20% to 49% of people between the ages of 65 and 75, is a leading falls risk factor, and a robust predictor of morbidity. Polypharmacy in the management of chronic pain is common in the geriatric population. Conservative treatment options for balance and back pain are underrepresented in scientific literature.

Methods
The methods and demographics for a prospective, randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial are described. This study evaluated the use of either chiropractic care or physical therapy as a treatment for patients with balance problems and with low back pain (68.5%) or without low back pain (31.5%) in the geriatric population. One hundred and sixty eight consecutively enrolled community dwelling adults between 60 and 85 years old (72.8 +/- 6.8) were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either chiropractic care or physical therapy (12 - 18 visits). Testing occurred prior to randomization, after 6 weeks of treatment, and again 6 weeks later. Functional and self-report outcome measures for balance included the Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up and Go Test, and NeuroCom balance tests. Pain was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale, 21-Point Box Scale, and pressure algometry. Quality of life healthcare questionnaires included the Oswestry, the SF-36, and the Falls Efficacy Scale for confidence in performing everyday activities. Data analysis for this intent-to-treat design was a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05) and Bonferroni correction (p < 0.017 and p < 0.025). This study was set in a university biomedical and healthcare research facility and university ethics committee approval was obtained and written informed consent was given by all study participants.

Conclusion
The methodology of this multimodal treatment protocol for balance disorders and low back pain in the geriatric population and patient demographics are described in this paper. Additional research in this area is needed for this growing at risk population.

Trial registration
NCT02031562.
Disruption of insulin signalling affects the neuroendocrine stress reaction in Drosophila females
Authors: Rauschenbach Inga Yu. , Karpova Evgenia K. , Adonyeva Natalya V. , Andreenkova Olga V. , Faddeeva Natalya V. , Burdina Elena K. , Alekseev Alexander A. , Menshanov Petr N. , Gruntenko Nataly E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and dopamine are involved in the stress response in insects. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway has also recently been found to be involved in the regulation of various processes, including stress tolerance. However, the relationships among the JH, dopamine and insulin signalling pathways remain unclear. Here, we study the role of insulin signalling in the regulation of JH and dopamine metabolism under normal and heat stress conditions in Drosophila melanogaster females. We show that suppression of the insulin-like receptor (InR) in the corpus allatum, a specialised endocrine gland that synthesises JH, causes an increase in dopamine level and JH-hydrolysing activity and alters the activities of enzymes that produce as well as those that degrade dopamine (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-dependent arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (DAT)). We also found that InR suppression in the corpus allatum modulates dopamine, ALP, TH and JH-hydrolysing activity in response to heat stress and that it decreases the fecundity of the flies. JH application restores dopamine metabolism and fecundity in females with decreased InR expression in the corpus allatum. Our data provide evidence that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway regulates dopamine metabolism in females of D. melanogaster via the system of JH metabolism and that it affects the development of the neuroendocrine stress reaction and interacts with JH in the control of reproduction in this species.
DataUp: A tool to help researchers describe and share tabular data
Authors: Strasser Carly , Kunze John , Abrams Stephen , Cruse Patricia 
Published: September 2014

Scientific datasets have immeasurable value, but they lose their value over time without proper documentation, long-term storage, and easy discovery and access. Across disciplines as diverse as astronomy, demography, archeology, and ecology, large numbers of small heterogeneous datasets (i.e., the long tail of data) are especially at risk unless they are properly documented, saved, and shared. One unifying factor for many of these at-risk datasets is that they reside in spreadsheets. In response to this need, the California Digital Library (CDL) partnered with Microsoft Research Connections and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to create the DataUp data management tool for Microsoft Excel. Many researchers creating these small, heterogeneous datasets use Excel at some point in their data collection and analysis workflow, so we were interested in developing a data management tool that fits easily into those work flows and minimizes the learning curve for researchers. The DataUp project began in August 2011. We first formally assessed the needs of researchers by conducting surveys and interviews of our target research groups: earth, environmental, and ecological scientists. We found that, on average, researchers had very poor data management practices, were not aware of data centers or metadata standards, and did not understand the benefits of data management or sharing. Based on our survey results, we composed a list of desirable components and requirements and solicited feedback from the community to prioritize potential features of the DataUp tool. These requirements were then relayed to the software developers, and DataUp was successfully launched in October 2012.