bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuals With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Are Impaired at Explicit, But Not Implicit, Discrimination of Local Forms Embedded in Global Structures
Authors: Giersch Anne , Glaser Bronwyn , Pasca Catherine , Chabloz Mélanie , Debbané Martin , Eliez Stephan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are impaired at exploring visual information in space; however, not much is known about visual form discrimination in the syndrome. Thirty-five individuals with 22q11.2DS and 41 controls completed a form discrimination task with global forms made up of local elements. Affected individuals demonstrated clear impairment in detecting local, but not global, differences. Nevertheless, 22q11.2DS participants easily discriminated the same local elements when they were displayed in isolation, and further use of a prime demonstrated preserved facilitation of local processing in 22q11.2DS. These results did not differ by age or IQ. This study illustrates the impact of visuospatial impairments on form discrimination, and suggests how these difficulties may affect visual scanning in 22q11.2DS.
An Interactive Multimedia Program to Prevent HIV Transmission in Men With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wells Jennifer , Clark Khaya , Sarno Karen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe efficacy of a computer-based interactive multimedia HIV/AIDS prevention program for men with intellectual disability (ID) was examined using a quasi-experimental within-subjects design. Thirty-seven men with mild to moderate intellectual disability evaluated the program. The pretest and posttest instruments assessed HIV/AIDS knowledge (high-risk fluids, HIV transmission, and condom facts) and condom application skills. All outcome measures showed statistically significant gains from pretest to posttest, with medium to large effect sizes. In addition, a second study was conducted with twelve service providers who work with men with ID. Service providers reviewed the HIV/AIDS prevention program, completed a demographics questionnaire, and a program satisfaction survey. Overall, service providers rated the program highly on several outcome measures (stimulation, relevance, and usability).
Branded: The sister arts of rhetoric and design
Authors: Engbers Susanna Kelly 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article explores the potentially fruitful relationships between design education and rhetorical education. Teachers of rhetoric and teachers of design have much to learn from one another, yet they rarely interact. One way in which design and rhetoric should be informing one another is through the related concepts of branding, familiar to designers, and ethos, well known to rhetoricians. Branding is often important in design curricula; students learn to design products whose voice people are willing to bring into their lives. And branding has obvious connections to rhetorical ethos; Aritstotle’s tripartite concept of ethos can be used to deepen discussions of both ethos and branding, particularly focusing on the ethical dimensions of both. This article surveys literature on rhetorical ethos, presents practical classroom strategies for teaching ethos and describes the possible productive relationship between teaching rhetorical ethos alongside branding.
Teaching the design of narrative visualization for financial literacy
Authors: Fry Aaron , Wilson Jennifer , Overby Carol 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The authors provide a scholarly definition for metaphor-rich, story-driven ‘narrative visualization’. They argue that metaphors create a rich and emotionally resonant set of associations that frame the narrative and effectively support ‘System 1’ (or intuition-based) thinking and decision-making that Daniel Kahneman and others have identified as the primary drivers of financial behaviour. The authors then apply these observations to a case study in which they analyse student work on a financial literacy design project. They discuss best practices for teaching narrative visualization and argue for its relevance in a contemporary design education – especially its capacity to represent and reflectively explore complex financial and other concepts.
Informal peer critique and the negotiation of habitus in a design studio
Authors: Gray Colin M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Critique is a central feature of design education, serving as both a structural mechanism to provide regular feedback, and as a high stakes assessment tool. However, this study addresses informal peer critique as an extension of this existing form, engaging students in communication outside of the formal pedagogy. The purpose of this study is to gain a greater understanding of the role of informal critique in externalizing design thinking and judgment, as analysed through Bourdieu’s habitus. Structures surrounding critique, including the role of informal vs formal spaces, objectivity vs subjectivity of critique, and differences between professor and peer feedback are addressed. Beliefs about critique are analysed as critical elements of an evolving habitus, supported by or developed in response to the culture inscribed by the formal pedagogy. Informal critique reveals tacit design thinking and conceptions of design, and outlines the co-construction of habitus between students and the formal pedagogy.
Ovarian Cancer: Targeting the Untargetable
Authors: Birrer Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION The premise that all tumors are targetable has been met with some controversy in the approach to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Genomic analysis shows that these tumors (specifically, high-grade serous carcinomas) are genomically unstable and lack actionable driver mutations, much like HER2 in breast and gastric cancers. In this paper, Michael Birrer, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital, argues that the interpretation of genomic data in ovarian cancer requires a more thoughtful approach that necessitates a closer inspection of the data beyond the mere presence or absence of mutations. We must look at the extensive genomic alterations in DNA and, to understand more about the role of those genes affected by these changes, look beyond the tumor to the role of the stroma. As such, Dr. Birrer is arguing for the importance of translational research. This will be the key to precision medicine in ovarian cancer, as we approach drug discovery and improvements in treatment. Dr. Birrer is a world-renowned scientist who has devoted his career to the study of gynecologic cancers. He has published over 200 papers and written over 27 book chapters and reviews, served on numerous leadership positions in gynecologic oncology (including as co-chair of the National Cancer Institute's Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee), and remains a clinician–scientist with an active lab and an active clinic. His career trajectory has shown me it is possible to be engaged as a researcher and a clinician and the work he has done has already impacted the care of patients with ovarian cancer. Don S. Dizon, MD, ASCO Educational Book Editor
Treating Metastatic Melanoma in 2014: What Just Happened and What Is Next?
Authors: Chapman Paul B. 
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION In recent years the expectation related to treating patients with metastatic melanoma has changed. Three years ago, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma was bleak; only a small number of patients would benefit from standard treatment and the reason for treatment benefit was often unknown, leaving physicians with limited options to help their patients. Today, just 3 years later, there are proven therapies that allow physicians to expect to shrink tumors and extend the lives of their patients after diagnosis. In this article, Paul B. Chapman, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, summarizes the recent advances in the field of metastatic melanoma and looks ahead to topics such as focusing on specificity, shutting down the ERK pathway, intermittent dosing, discovering driver mutations, individualizing checkpoint inhibition, and identifying rejection antigens to identify what should occur next in order to continue to improve outcomes for a larger population of patients with metastatic melanoma. Dr. Chapman's paper reminds us of the exciting progress that has been made while focusing on the work that is left in the field. Dr. Chapman is a physician-scientist who specializes in diagnosing and treating melanoma that has metastasized to other parts of the body. Dr. Chapman led a clinical trial that paved the way, in part, to the approval of vemurafenib—a drug that targets a BRAF mutation that is present in approximately 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma. Dr. Chapman is one of five Memorial Sloan Kettering scientists to be appointed to a melanoma “Dream Team” that focuses on identifying potential therapies for metastatic melanoma patients who do not have the mutated form of the BRAF gene. Dr. Chapman is also a professor of medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College and is the chair of the Melanoma Research Alliance Medical Advisory Board. In addition to the above, Dr. Chapman is a sought-after mentor for medical oncology fellows and has a current research interest in identifying novel means to more durably block signaling in the MAPK pathway in melanoma cells. Jedd Wolchok, MD, PhD, Scientific Program Committee Chair
Carpe Diem: Time to Seize the Opportunity for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Colditz Graham A. 
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION In his plea for increased resources to implement cancer prevention strategies, Graham Colditz, MD, states that half or more of cancers in the U.S. and other high-income countries are preventable with information already available. He describes the data-driven possibilites: screening, vaccination, exercise, smoking cessation, sun protection, safe sexual practices, and moderate to no alcohol intake, as well as approaches to implement these strategies and makes a compelling case for using resources for this purpose. Dr. Colditz is Associate Director of Prevention and Control in the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, and Niess-Gain Professor in the Department of Surgery at the Washington University School of Medicine. He received his PhD in epidemiology from Harvard University, and his Internal Medicine Training at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in Australia. Dr. Colditz has an enormous volume of publications, with over 800 original research articles. He has worked to identify lifestyle and environmental factors that affect people's health, and to develop and teach cancer prevention strategies at the individual and community levels. His research also powers a website— www.yourdiseaserisk.wustl.edu —that helps people assess their risk of developing cancer, diabetes and other diseases as well as suggesting ways to lead longer, healthier lives. His work is inspirational in combining excellent scientific investigation with dedication to making results available and useful to non-scientists. Gini F. Fleming, MD, Cancer Education Committee Chair
Treating the Two Extremes in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Management of Small Renal Masses and Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Disease
Authors: Kim Dae Y. , Wood Christopher G. , Karam Jose A. 
Published: May 2014

OVERVIEW: The incidental renal mass represents a heterogeneous group that contains both benign and malignant pathologies. The majority of renal cell carcinomas are discovered incidentally, without the presence of symptoms directly related to the mass, and are closely associated with the term small renal masses because of the discovery before the onset of symptoms. In general, small renal masses are defined as 4 cm or smaller, and may account for greater than half of renal cell carcinoma diagnosis. The use of renal mass biopsy may offer additional pathological information but the clinician must be reminded of the technical and diagnostic limitations of renal mass biopsy. Patient-dependent factors, such as life expectancy and comorbidities, guide the management of small renal masses, which include active surveillance, partial nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, and ablative techniques (cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation). Partial nephrectomy has demonstrated durable oncologic control for small renal masses while preserving renal function and, if feasible, is the current treatment of choice. In the other extreme of the renal cell carcinomas spectrum and in the presence of metastatic disease, the removal of the renal primary tumor is termed cytoreductive nephrectomy. Two randomized trials (SWOG 8949 and EORTC 30947) have demonstrated a survival benefit with cytoreductive nephrectomy before the initiation of immunotherapy. These two studies have also been the motivation to perform cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy era. Currently, there are two ongoing randomized prospective trials accruing to investigate the timing and relevance of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the contemporary setting of targeted therapy.
Memory and Recollection in Plotinus
Authors: Nikulin Dmitri 
Published: May 2014

Abstract:Beginning with an outline of memory and recollection in Plato and Aristotle, this paper argues that establishing the role of memory and recollection in their mutual relation in Plotinus requires a careful reconstruction. Whereas memory for Plotinus is not a storage of images or imprints that come either from the sensible or the intelligible but rather is a power capable of producing memories, recollection takes the form of a discursive rational rethinking and reproduction of the soul’s experience of the noetic objects. Recollection, then, is a triple motion of the descent, stay, and return of the soul to the intelligible.
Replicated spectrographs in astronomy
Authors: Hill Gary J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As telescope apertures increase, the challenge of scaling spectrographic astronomical instruments becomes acute. The next generation of extremely large telescopes (ELTs) strain the availability of glass blanks for optics and engineering to provide sufficient mechanical stability. While breaking the relationship between telescope diameter and instrument pupil size by adaptive optics is a clear path for small fields of view, survey instruments exploiting multiplex advantages will be pressed to find cost-effective solutions. In this review we argue that exploiting the full potential of ELTs will require the barrier of the cost and engineering difficulty of monolithic instruments to be broken by the use of large-scale replication of spectrographs. The first steps in this direction have already been taken with the soon to be commissioned MUSE and VIRUS instruments for the Very Large Telescope and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, respectively. MUSE employs 24 spectrograph channels, while VIRUS has 150 channels. We compare the information gathering power of these replicated instruments with the present state of the art in more traditional spectrographs, and with instruments under development for ELTs. Design principles for replication are explored along with lessons learned, and we look forward to future technologies that could make massively-replicated instruments even more compelling.
Identifikation mit achsenschrägen, lokal polynomialen Modellnetzen
Authors: Hartmann Benjamin , Nelles Oliver 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag stellt eine neue Trainingsmethode für lokale Modellnetze vor, die ein Höchstmaß an Flexibilität ermöglicht. Ausgehend von LOLIMOT werden Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung aufgezeigt, die das volle Potential heutiger Rechner ausschöpfen können. Neben der achsenschrägen Schnittoptimierung, die von Hinging Hyperplane-Ansätzen bekannt ist, führt die Anwendung einer Strukturabwägung auf viel versprechende Ergebnisse. Dazu wird als Alternative zur Teilung die Möglichkeit der Komplexitätserhöhung eines lokalen Modells durch den Einsatz von Strukturselektionsverfahren gegenübergestellt.
Modelica-Bibliothek für diffraktive Optik zur Modellierung von optomechatronischen Systemen
Authors: Kaden Thomas , Janschek Klaus 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Zur Modellierung und Simulation von heterogenen Systemen hat
sich die physikalisch objektorientierte Modellbeschreibungssprache
Modelica etabliert. Der Entwurf von optomechatronischen Systemen,
wie z. B. der aktiven oder adaptiven Optik, erfordert die
Beschreibung des gekoppelten optisch-mechatronischen Verhaltens
inklusive Regelung (cloosed-loop). Im folgenden Artikel wird
vorgestellt, wie eine diffraktive Optikfunktionalität in das
Modelica-Konzept als neue Bibliothek integriert werden kann.
Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs
Authors: Blank Mathias , Glück Tobias , Kugi Andreas , Kreuter Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag behandelt die mathematische Modellierung eines Smart High-Side Power ICs. Smart Power ICs sind Leistungsschalter mit integrierten Regelungs- und Schutzfunktionen. Ausgehend von der vollständigen Schaltung des ICs wird eine für die Systemanalyse und den Reglerentwurf geeignete Ersatzschaltung abgeleitet und mathematisch modelliert. Damit ist es möglich, das Großsignalverhalten des Smart Power ICs mit Hilfe eines Differentialgleichungssystems fünfter Ordnung zu beschreiben. Anhand von Simulationsergebnissen wird das mathematische Modell mit der vollständigen Schaltung verglichen.
LTI Modell arbiträrer wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze
Authors: Jostock Markus , Sachau Jürgen , Tuttas Christian 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines regelungstechnischen
Modells wechselrichtergeführter Inselnetze. Der hier vorgestellte
strukturierte Ansatz bildet auf Basis der Zustandsraumdarstellung
eines Wechselrichters ein multi-Wechselrichtermodell und verknüpft
dieses mit der Strukturinformation der Knoteninzidenzmatrix zu einem
geschlossenen Inselnetzmodell. Das Verfahren ermöglicht die Erstellung
von Modellen mit beliebig strukturierten Netzen und großer Anzahl
unterschiedlicher Wechselrichtermodelle im NS-Netz. Abschließend wird
eine Stabilitätsanalyse eines Beispielnetzes präsentiert.
Die Theorie multikultureller Bürgerrechte eröffnet auch eine spannende Perspektive auf die Frage der Tierrechte
Authors: Donaldson Sue , Kymlicka Will , Sezgin Hilal 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this interview, Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka reply to some questions and objections to their book Zoopolis (Oxford 2011). A distinctive feature of their approach is the idea that domesticated animals should be seen as cocitizens of our political community. Donaldson and Kymlicka discuss how this view of animal citizenship relates to issues regarding the right to vote, the right to political representation, and rights to residence and membership. The authors also explore how their political account of animal rights theory relates to theories of multiculturalism as well as conflicts between individual and group rights. Addressing these issues, they argue, requires attending to the agency of animals themselves, and not just treating them as passive moral patients.
The nature of explanation in synergetic linguistics
Authors: Zámečník Lukáš 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis investigation focuses on the nature of explanation in synergetic linguistics. After recounting the basic principles of Haken s synergetics, a physicalist stance constitutes the basis of a critique of using the stringent synergetic principle of synergetic linguistics. Jaegwon Kim has convincingly demonstrated that the strict synergetic principle impairs quantitative linguistics with downward causation. The central part of this paper demonstrates that the synergetic principle is not an appropriate principle on which to construct a valid functional explanation of quantitative linguistics. The final section analyses the concept of law in quantitative linguistics. We examine a series of laws as models and economization principles and we outline a conception of laws as various categories of conservation principles.
Crystal structure of 2-aminobenzothiazolinium nitrate and theoretical study of the amino-imino tautomerism of 2-aminobenzothiazole
Authors: Yan Xingchen , Wu Xiaojing , Xu Jiakun , Fan Yuhua , Bi Caifeng , Zhang Xia , Zhang Zhongyu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
2-Aminobenzothiazolinium nitrate (1) was characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, IR, 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography. The driving force for the 2-aminobenzothiazole tautomerism in methanol solution was studied using theoretical calculations. It is suggested that the 2-aminobenzothiazolinium cation is an intermediate product between the amino form (2) and imino form (3) of 2-aminobenzothiazole. The tautomerization reaction can proceed in two steps through protonation and deprotonation between the two forms 2 and 3.
Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Pedersen Nanna Bjerregaard , Gierlinger Notburga , Thygesen Lisbeth Garbrecht 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] poles were studied by means of confocal Raman imaging (CRI) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis to determine lignin and polysaccharide composition and distribution in the cell wall. The waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) was submerged under anoxic conditions for approximately 400 years and solely decayed by erosion bacteria (EB). CRI showed that decayed tracheids contain a residual material (RM) with heterogeneous lignin distribution; within the same tracheid RM often contained regions with intensities lower than sound S2 layers up to intensity values as high as the compound middle lamella (CML). CRI revealed strong depletion of carbohydrates in RM which indicated that EB are able to utilise the carbohydrate fraction of the cell wall effectively. Raman bands assigned to lignin did not show any difference between RM and sound S2. This is a hint that EB do not modify the lignin structure. Sound WAW free from EB decay showed evidence of loss of acetyl groups in glucomannan, loss of un-conjugated ester linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes between xylan and lignin, and minor oxidation of the lignin polymer compared to recent reference material. This is evidence for abiotic decay in the course of waterlogging.
Protective actions of melatonin and growth hormone on the aged cardiovascular system
Authors: Paredes Sergio D. , Forman Katherine A. , García Cruz , Vara Elena , Escames Germaine , Tresguerres Jesús A.F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that certain aspects of lifestyle and genetics act as risk factors for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including coronary disease, hypertension, heart failure and stroke. Aging, however, appears to be the major contributor for morbidity and mortality of the impaired cardiovascular system. Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin seem to prevent cardiac aging, as they contribute to the recovery of several physiological parameters affected by age. These hormones exhibit antioxidant properties and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis. This paper summarizes a set of studies related to the potential role that therapy with GH and melatonin may play in the protection of the altered cardiac function due to aging, with a focus on experiments performed in our laboratory using the senescence-accelerated mouse as an aging model. In general, we observed significantly increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in hearts from senescence-accelerated prone 10-month-old animals compared to 2-month-old controls, while anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic markers as well as endothelial nitric oxide synthase were decreased. Senescence-accelerated resistant animals showed no significant changes with age. GH or melatonin treatment prevented the age-dependent cardiac alterations observed in the senescence-accelerated prone group. Combined administration of GH plus melatonin reduced the age-related changes in senescence-accelerated prone hearts in an additive fashion that was different to that displayed when administered alone. GH and melatonin may be potential agents for counteracting oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the aging heart.