bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo tibial compression decreases osteolysis and tumor formation in a human metastatic breast cancer model
Authors: Lynch Maureen E , Brooks Daniel , Mohanan Sunish , Lee Min Joon , Polamraju Praveen , Dent Kelsey , Bonassar Lawrence J , van der Meulen Marjolein C H , Fischbach Claudia 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Bone metastasis, the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths, is characterized by bone degradation due to increased osteoclastic activity. In contrast, mechanical stimulation in healthy individuals upregulates osteoblastic activity, leading to new bone formation. However, the effect of mechanical loading on the development and progression of metastatic breast cancer in bone remains unclear. Here, we developed a new in vivo model to investigate the role of skeletal mechanical stimuli on the development and osteolytic capability of secondary breast tumors. Specifically, we applied compressive loading to the tibia following intratibial injection of metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) into the proximal compartment of female immunocompromised (SCID) mice. In the absence of loading, tibiae developed histologically-detectable tumors with associated osteolysis and excessive degradation of the proximal bone tissue. In contrast, mechanical loading dramatically reduced osteolysis and tumor formation and increased tibial cancellous mass due to trabecular thickening. These loading effects were similar to the baseline response we observed in non-injected SCID mice. In vitro mechanical loading of MDA-MB231 in a pathologically relevant 3D culture model suggested that the observed effects were not due to loading-induced tumor cell death, but rather mediated via decreased expression of genes interfering with bone homeostasis. Collectively, our results suggest that mechanical loading inhibits the growth and osteolytic capability of secondary breast tumors after their homing to the bone, which may inform future treatment of breast cancer patients with advanced disease. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Residence time distribution determination in a submerged filter with and without aeration using a tracer
Authors: Cobos‐Becerra Yazmín Lucero , González‐Martínez Simón 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercial filter media are commonly regular in shape and the flow patterns can be predicted with simple tools. Using lava stones as filter media, this study analyzes the influence of particle size and aeration on the hydraulic behaviour of a submerged filter prior to biofilm colonization.RESULTSThe filter was packed, separately, with two different sizes of lava stones (4.7 and 9.5 mm) and operated under different hydraulic retention times to establish the causes of deviations from ideal models. Tracer curves were analyzed using two mathematical models (Axial Dispersion and Wolf and Resnick models). The curves show that the tracer appeared in the effluent in a shorter time than expected indicating an effective volume reduction. It was estimated that the dead volume of the filter with aeration was 83% and 22% for the filter without aeration.CONCLUSIONThe dead volume is caused, in the case of the filter with aeration, by the combination of two phenomena: the liquid volume displaced by the air bubbles and the turbulence caused by aeration generating preferential channelling along the filter media and creating large zones of stagnant liquid. In the case of the filter without aeration the volume reduction is caused by channels developed by the media irregular shape. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Lack of effect of bioactive‐rich extracts of pomegranate, persimmon, nettle, dill, kale andSideritisand isolated bioactives on platelet function
Authors: Hollands Wendy J , Saha Shikha , Hayran Osman , Boyko Nadiya , Glibetic Maria , Konic‐Ristic Aleksandra , Jorjadze Mariam , Kroon Paul A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health benefits of fruit and vegetable‐rich diets may be partly due to modulation of platelet activity by bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bioactive‐rich plant extracts and isolated bioactive metabolites on platelet function. Blood samples (n=15 subjects) were treated with extracts of bioactive‐rich plants consumed as traditional foods in the Black Sea region, or with human metabolites of the bioactives quercetin and sulforaphane. Platelet function was assessed using thePFA‐100.RESULTSNone of the extracts containing various flavonoids, glucosinolates and other bioactives, or isolated bioactive metabolites of quercetin or sulforaphane, caused significant changes inPFA‐100 closure time (CT). In contrast, the positive controls (aspirin and Abciximab) consistently caused significant increases inCTfor the platelet agonists epinephrine andADP, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese data do not support the notion that these plant bioactives can improve human platelet function. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutraceutical nanoemulsions: influence of carrier oil composition (digestible versus indigestible oil) on β‐carotene bioavailability
Authors: Rao Jiajia , Decker Eric Andrew , Xiao Hang , McClements David Julian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarotenoids, such as β‐carotene, are widely used in foods and beverages as natural colorants and nutraceuticals. We investigated the influence of carrier oil composition (ratio of digestible to indigestible oil) on the physical stability, microstructure and bioaccessibility of β‐carotene nanoemulsions using a simulated gastrointestinal tract model.RESULTSβ‐Carotene nanoemulsions (d < 150 nm) were formed by high‐pressure homogenization using sucrose monoester and lysolecithin as emulsifiers, and mixtures of corn oil (digestible) and lemon oil (indigestible) as the lipid phase. All of the nanoemulsions underwent extensive droplet aggregation under mouth, stomach and small intestine conditions. The extent of free fatty acid production in the small intestine increased as the amount of digestible oil in the droplets increased. The bioaccessibility of β‐carotene also increased with increasing digestible oil content, ranging from ∼5% for the pure lemon oil system to ∼76% for the pure corn oil system. This effect was attributed to the ability of mixed micelles formed from triglyceride digestion products (free fatty acids and monoglycerides) to solubilize β‐carotene.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides important information for developing effective delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components in food and beverage applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Absorption and metabolic fate of bioactive dietary benzoxazinoids in humans
Authors: Adhikari Khem B. , Laursen Bente B. , Gregersen Per L. , Schnoor Heidi J. , Witten Marianne , Poulsen Lars K. , Jensen Bettina M. , Fomsgaard Inge S. 
Published: May 2013

ScopeBenzoxazinoids, which are natural compounds recently identified in mature whole grain cereals and bakery products, have been suggested to have a range of pharmacological properties and health‐protecting effects. There are no published reports concerned with the absorption and metabolism of bioactive benzoxazinoids in humans.Methods and resultsThe absorption, metabolism, and excretion of ten different dietary benzoxazinoids were examined by LC‐MS/MS by analyzing plasma and urine from 20 healthy human volunteers after daily intake of 143 μmol of total benzoxazinoids from rye bread and rye buns. The results showed that 2‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (HBOA‐Glc) and its oxidized analog, 2‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy‐4‐hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIBOA‐Glc), were the major circulating benzoxazinoids. After consuming a benzoxazinoid diet for 1 week, morning urine contained eight benzoxazinoids with abundant HBOA‐Glc (219 nmol × μmol−1 of creatinine). The sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (HBOA) and 2,4‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIBOA) were detected in plasma and urine, indicating substantial phase II metabolism. Direct absorption of lactam glycosides, the reduction of hydroxamic acid glycosides, glucuronidation, and sulfation were the main mechanisms of the absorption and metabolism of benzoxazinoids.ConclusionThese results indicate that following ingestion in healthy humans, a range of unmetabolized bioactive dietary benzoxazinoids and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates appear in circulation and urine.
The effect of short‐term overfeeding on serum lipids in healthy humans
Authors: Heilbronn Leonie K. , Coster Adelle C.F. , Campbell Lesley V. , Greenfield Jerry R. , Lange Kylie , Christopher Michael J. , Meikle Peter J. , Samocha‐Bonet Dorit 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesWhile chronic obesity is associated with alterations in circulating glycerolipids, sphingolipids and plasmalogens, the effects of short‐term overfeeding in humans are unclear.Design and MethodsHealthy individuals (n = 40) were overfed by 1,250 kcal day−1 for 28 days. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp), abdominal fat distribution and serum lipidomics (mass spectrometry) were assessed.ResultsOverfeeding increased liver fat, insulin resistance, serum C‐reactive protein and urinary F2‐isoprostanes. HDL increased (11% ± 2%, P < 0.001) while LDL, triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids were unchanged. Three hundred and thirty three serum lipids were detected, of which 13% increased and 20% decreased with overfeeding. Total diacylglycerol and lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine (LPC(O)) concentrations decreased (P < 0.01), while total ceramide, Cer22:0 and Cer24:0 increased (P ≤ 0.01). The most notable increases were observed in the HDL‐associated phosphatidylethanolamine‐based plasmalogens and their precursors alkylhosphatidylethanolamine (18 ± 5% and 38 ± 8% respectively, P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsOverfeeding led to weight gain and changes in the serum lipid profile. Increases in ceramides were noted, which left unchecked may promote systemic insulin resistance. Uniform increases were observed in plasmalogens and their precursors. Because plasmalogens are powerful antioxidants, this may be an appropriate response against increased oxidative stress generated by over‐nutrition. The metabolic consequences of changes in concentrations of many circulating lipid species with overfeeding require further study. Copyright © 2013 The Obesity Society
Single‐electron transfer‐living radical copolymerization of butyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene for preparation of oil‐absorbing gel
Authors: Fan Lijun , Chen Hou , Lv Gaojian , Cao Jinli , Fu Yidong 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCrosslinking copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with a small amount of divinylbenzene (DVB) was carried out using single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization initiated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and catalyzed by Cu(0)/N‐ligand in N,N‐dimethylformamide to produce a highly oil‐absorbing gel. The polymerization, gelation process, and oil‐absorbing properties were studied in detail. Analysis of monomer conversion with reaction time showed that the polymerization followed first‐order kinetics for both linear and crosslinking polymerization before gelation. Higher levels of DVB led to earlier gelation and the influence of N‐ligand on gelation was also significant. Under optimal conditions, oil absorption of the prepared gel to chloroform could reach 42.1 g·g−1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3233–3239
Neubau der ÖBB‐Brücke über die Ötztaler Ache, Österreich
Authors: Mosheimer Helmut , Margreiter Kurt , Cranach Daniel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNach einer Bauzeit von nur acht Monaten wurde die dritte Ötztaler Achbrücke für den Zugverkehr freigegeben und damit eine seit langem bestehende Langsamfahrstrecke zwischen Innsbruck und Bludenz aufgehoben. Die neue Brücke ist eine dauerhafte und wartungsarme semiintegrale Verbundkonstruktion, die den steigenden Anforderungen des Eisenbahnverkehrs gerecht wird, eine erhebliche Verbesserung im Bereich des Lärmschutzes gegenüber den vorhergehenden Brücken bringt und zudem ein optischer Höhepunkt in einem belebten Bereich am Eingang des Ötztales ist.New building of the ÖBB‐Bridge across the Ötztaler Ache, Austria. After a construction period of only eight months, the third Ötztal Valley Bridge was opened for use, relinquishing a long period of reduced‐speed commerce between Innsbruck and Bludenz. The new bridge is a durable and low‐maintenance steel and reinforced concrete composite construction, built under the strictest quality control and railway standards. An extensive improvement in noise control and aesthetics in such a prominent area of the Öztal Valley has been undertaken.
Analyse des dynamischen Verhaltens des Eisenbahnschotteroberbaues
Authors: Kirchhofer Johannes , Fink Josef 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDer europaweite Aufbau eines interoperablen Eisenbahnhochgeschwindigkeitsnetzes stellt erhöhte Ansprüche an die bestehende Infrastruktur des Bahnbetriebes. Durch die zunehmende Reisegeschwindigkeit ergeben sich auch immer größere dynamische Anregungen der Brückentragwerke. Um diesem Umstand Folge zu leisten, wurden in den letzen Jahren am Institut für Tragkonstruktionen/Stahlbau der Technischen Universität Wien zahlreiche experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Thema des dynamischen Verhaltens von Eisenbahnbrücken mit Schotteroberbau unternommen, um aus den experimentellen Daten neue Erkenntnisse über das Schotterverhalten bei dynamischer Beanspruchung abzuleiten.Analysis of the dynamic behaviour of the railway ballast bed – Influence of the oscillation amplitude and of other marginal conditions on the stiffness and the damping characterists. The pan‐European establishment of an interoperable high‐speed railway network places high demands on the existing railway infrastructure. Greater travelling speed results in increased dynamic excitations of the bridge structures. To investigate the dynamic interaction between the ballast superstructure and the structure of the bridge, experimental investigations were realised at the Institut für Tragkonstruktionen/Stahlbau der Technischen Universität Wien (Institute of Structural Engineering at the TU Vienna) during the last years.
Die Montage der Hängebrücke Puente Continental in Peru – Spannweiten 104 m–320 m–104 m
Authors: Lechner Martin , Cserno Tamas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Hängebrücke über den Fluss Madre de Dios in der peruanischen Stadt Puerto Maldonado wurde von der Firma Waagner‐Biro konstruiert und geliefert. Die Verschiffung erfolgte im Jahr 1981. Die Brücke ist ein Teilstück der Carretera Interoceánica, der Straßenverbindung zwischen Peru und Brasilien. Die Fertigstellung dieser Straßenverbindung und damit auch die Errichtung der Hängebrücke wurden aus politischen Gründen unterbrochen und erst im Jahr 2004 wieder in Angriff genommen. Der Bau der Hängebrücke erfolgte mit den letzten Teilstücken der Straßenverbindung in den Jahren 2009 bis 2011. Der Artikel behandelt die Inventur der Brückenteile sowie die Brückenmontage inklusive der hierfür nötigen umfangreichen Montagehilfseinrichtungen.The installation of the Puente Continental Suspension Bridge, Peru – Spans 104 m–320 m–104 m. The suspension bridge crossing the river Madre de Dios in the Peruvian city of Puerto Maldonado was designed and supplied by the company Waagner‐ Biro. Shipment took place in 1981. The bridge forms a part of the Interoceanic Highway, the road connection between Peru and Brazil. The completion of the project and consequently the installation of the suspension bridge were interrupted for political reasons and re‐started only in 2004. The construction of the suspension bridge was realized as a portion of the last road sections in the years 2009 to 2011. This article covers the inventory of the bridge components as well as the bridge installation including the necessary extensive auxiliary equipment.
Funktionell und spektakulär: Stahldach des Wiener Hauptbahnhofs im Rautenstil
Authors: Mühl Bernd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDieses neue markante Stahlbau‐Projekt, eine technische und logistische Meisterleistung, prägt das moderne urbane Stadtbild Wiens auf eindrucksvolle Weise und fügt sich gleichzeitig harmonisch in die historische Umgebung und Architektur ein. 7000 t Stahl werden für das Stahldach im Rautenstil, das optische und funktionelle Highlight des neuen Wiener Hauptbahnhofs, verarbeitet. Für die aufwendige Dachkonstruktion mit 35300 m² Fläche zeichnet die international tätige Unger Steel Group aus Oberwart/Österreich verantwortlich.
Adherence Associated With Oral Medications in the Treatment of Spasticity
Authors: Halpern Rachel , Gillard Patrick , Graham Glenn D. , Varon Sepideh F. , Zorowitz Richard D. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo examine adherence to baclofen, tizanidine, and dantrolene (U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved oral spasticity medications), and identified determinants of adherence.DesignA retrospective administrative claims data analysis that used medical and pharmacy claims data and enrollment information from a large, national U.S. health plan.Subjects and MethodsThe subjects were commercial health plan members who initiated treatment on baclofen, tizanidine, or dantrolene from January 1, 2004, through September 30, 2009, and who had stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, or multiple sclerosis. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical analyses were performed.Main Outcome MeasurementsOutcomes were adherence, measured as continuous medication possession ratio (MPR) and as a binary indicator (MPR ≥0.80, adherent; MPR <0.80, nonadherent), change in oral spasticity medication, and use of nonoral spasticity therapy.ResultsThe study population included 2840 subjects. Adherence overall was poor: the range of mean unadjusted MPR values was 0.10‐0.50, which indicated that, at best, the subjects were adherent to their index spasticity medications for 50% of their treatment periods. Unadjusted overall MPRs for baclofen and tizanidine were 20.4% and 9.1%, respectively. Fewer than 5% of subjects changed oral spasticity medications. The results of logistic regression to identify determinants of adherence showed that subjects treated with tizanidine versus baclofen had 37.4% lower odds of adherence and that subjects with traumatic brain injury versus stroke had 77.5% lower odds of adherence. The odds of adherence increased with age and with preindex contracture or decubitus ulcer.ConclusionsAdherence to oral spasticity medication was poor irrespective of index spasticity medication or condition. Results from this study indicated that physicians cannot assume that patients are adherent to prescribed oral spasticity medications. A more complete understanding of the reasons behind nonadherence is required.
On the widths of the Arnol’d tongues
Authors: BANERJEE KUNTAL 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet $F: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ be a real analytic increasing diffeomorphism with $F- \mathrm{Id} $ being 1-periodic. Consider the translated family of maps $\mathop{({F}_{t} : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} )}\nolimits_{t\in \mathbb{R} } $ defined as ${F}_{t} (x)= F(x)+ t$. Let $\mathrm{Trans} ({F}_{t} )$ be the translation number of ${F}_{t} $ defined by $$\mathrm{Trans} ({F}_{t} ): = \lim _{n\rightarrow + \infty }\frac{{ F}_{t}^{\circ n} - \mathrm{Id} }{n} .$$ Assume that there is a Herman ring of modulus $2\tau $ associated to $F$ and let ${p}_{n} / {q}_{n} $ be the $n$th convergent of $\mathrm{Trans} (F)= \alpha \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q} $. Denoting by ${\ell }_{\theta } $ the length of the interval $\{ t\in \mathbb{R} ~\mid ~\mathrm{Trans} ({F}_{t} )= \theta \} $, we prove that the sequence $({\ell }_{{p}_{n} / {q}_{n} } )$ decreases exponentially fast with respect to ${q}_{n} $. More precisely, $$\mathop {\mathrm{lim\hphantom{,}sup} }\limits _{n\rightarrow + \infty } \frac{1}{{q}_{n} } \log {\ell }_{{p}_{n} / {q}_{n} } \leq - 2\pi \tau .$$ There is a relation between ${\ell }_{{p}_{n} / {q}_{n} } $ and the width of the Arnol’d tongue, which confirms that the widths of the tongues decrease exponentially fast under suitable conditions.
WRITING THE SELF IN RURAL MALI: DOMESTIC ARCHIVES AND GENRES OF PERSONAL WRITING
Authors: Mbodj-Pouye Aïssatou 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn a comparative perspective, literacy has been closely associated with techniques of the self and with the emergence of modern subjectivities. But what happens when literacy is developed without genres such as diary keeping being widespread? Scrutinizing grassroots practices, this article demonstrates that even people who are not confronted with established forms of self-writing engage with literacy in ways that bear an imprint of their lives and subjectivities. Drawing on an ethnographic study in one village in southern Mali, it sets a socio-historical background where writing practices arise primarily as responses to the pressure of rural management. Yet the local discourses on the value of writing are suffused with notions of privacy. The article focuses on the unstable but shared practice of keeping a notebook for farming as well personal notations. Through a detailed analysis of two notebooks, it advocates for a set of distinctions between the individual, the private and the self that helps disentangle the issue of writing and self. This leads to a contrasted view of the local engagements with literacy. The question of the crystallization of notebook keeping as a genre remains open.
MYTHIC OIL: RESOURCES, BELONGING AND THE POLITICS OF CLAIM MAKING AMONG THE ÌLÀJẸ YORÙBÁ OF NIGERIA
Authors: Adunbi Ọmọlade 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines the genealogies of the Ìlàjẹ and the narrative of belonging that reinforces claims to ownership of land and natural resources such as oil. The article maps how oil flow stations, pipelines and platforms have come to represent an ancestral promise of wealth to many members of Ìlàjẹ communities. This claim making is embedded in a mythic origin that continuously reinforces a distinct identity that projects an imagined community connected to the Yorùbá of south-west Nigeria as well as the oil-rich Niger Delta region. While many scholars have studied the myth of origin of the Yorùbá, in most cases focusing on rituals and political imagination that intersect with linguistic evidence in determining Yorùbá identity, these scholars have often neglected the centrality of these myths to oil resources. Thus, I investigate how the Ìlàjẹ narrative of belonging creates its own specificity of ‘ownership’ of natural resources through ritual performances connected to migration and dispersal of subject populations. I examine how such narratives create spaces of opportunity for the organization of protests against multinational oil corporations and the Nigerian state.
THE ATTEMPTS TO TRANSFER THE GENEVAN ACADEMY TO IRELAND AND TO AMERICA, 1782–1795
Authors: MCNUTT JENNIFER POWELL , WHATMORE RICHARD 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTEarly in 1782, republican rebels in Geneva removed the city's magistrates and instituted a popular government, portraying themselves as defenders of liberty and Calvinism against the French threats of Catholicism and luxury. But on 1 July 1782, the republicans fled because of the arrival at the city gates of invading troops led by France. The failure of the Genevan revolution indicated that while new republics could be established beyond Europe, republics within Europe, and more especially Protestant republics in proximity to larger Catholic monarchies, were no longer independent states. Many Genevans sought asylum across Europe and in North America in consequence. Some of them looked to Britain and Ireland, attempting to move the industrious part of Geneva to Waterford. During the French Revolution, they sought to establish a republican community in the United States. In each case, a major goal was to transfer the Genevan Academy established in the aftermath of Calvin's Reformation. The anti-religious nature of the French Revolution made the attempt to move the Academy to North America distinctive. By contrast with the Irish case, where religious elements were played down, moving the Academy to North America was supported by religious rhetoric coupled with justifications of republican liberty.