bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse géopolitique des enjeux d'une politique de puissance : le cas de la science et de l'innovation en Russie
Authors: Limonier Kévin 
Published: November 2012

Depuis quelques années, la science et l’innovation sont devenues pour les autorités russes une préoccupation majeure qui touche à l’avenir économique du pays. Mais, au-delà du fait que la Russie cherche aujourd’hui des moyens de sortir de l’ornière énergétique en misant sur une « économie de la connaissance », la science et l’innovation constituent également une question brûlante sur le plan politique. Après une décennie de mise en scène d’un renouveau du pays comme grande puissance, la Russie se trouve actuellement confrontée à une série d’enjeux internes qui questionnent le devenir d’un projet de puissance qui s’appuie sur un patrimoine matériel et identitaire issu de l’Union soviétique. Le secteur scientifique n’échappant pas à cette règle, c’est à travers celui-ci que cet article se propose de questionner les modalités d’une mise en scène politique et économique qui s’ancre dans le territoire sur la base de divers réseaux de pouvoir et représentations du renouveau qui entrent parfois en conflit.
La collection de portraits gravés du roi Louis-Philippe au château de Versailles
Authors: Delalex Hélène 
Published: November 2012

Le château de Versailles a acquis en 1948 soixante-quinze albums de portraits qui avaient été patiemment constitués par le roi Louis-Philippe pendant plus de vingt-cinq ans, comprenant plus de seize mille gravures ordonnées par règnes et par États. D’après les contemporains, il s’agissait de « la plus belle collection de portraits gravés qui existât au monde ». Si la constitution de cet ensemble a souvent été attribuée à Jean Vatout, premier bibliothécaire du roi, il semble que c’est surtout à Louis-Philippe que l’on doit ce vaste projet qui a commencé en 1825 et qui fut interrompu par les troubles révolutionnaires de 1848. Entré dans les collections de Versailles un siècle plus tard, cet ensemble, l’un des rares encore conservés dans des albums, est comparable par sa qualité et son ampleur aux grandes collections aujourd’hui dispersées qui sont à l’origine de la série N2 du département des Estampes et de la photographie de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. La série couvre une vaste période, de Pharamond, premier roi légendaire de la dynastie mérovingienne, à Louis-Philippe. Dans ce véritable panthéon de l’histoire mondiale, les monarques figurent auprès des grands personnages de leur temps – ministres, magistrats, ecclésiastiques et savants, hommes de lettres et artistes. Cet ensemble remarquable dont l’ambition historique l’emporte sur les qualités artistiques, témoignant de la passion du roi pour l’histoire, doit, bien entendu, être rapproché du musée dédié à toutes les gloires de la France inauguré par le souverain au château de Versailles en 1837. La totalité des feuilles est désormais consultable sur la banque d’images du Centre de recherche du château de Versailles.
L’appartement de Louis-Philippe Ier au Grand Trianon
Authors: Pierret Lucile 
Published: November 2012

Le palais du Grand Trianon renferme de nombreux trésors, qu’il s’agisse du mobilier, des décors ou des objets d’art, autant de témoins artistiques et historiques du passage des différents souverains qui y ont vécu. Parmi ceux-ci, Louis-Philippe fut le dernier à s’être investi dans les travaux d’aménagement et d’ameublement du palais, afin d’y installer convenablement sa nombreuse famille : son épouse la reine Marie-Amélie, sa sœur Madame Adélaïde, les princes et les princesses. Au milieu du xixe siècle, la monarchie de Juillet fut le témoin de la mutation d’une société dont les modes de vie et les goûts – influencés par une industrialisation croissante – aspiraient à plus de confort, d’intimité et de fonctionnalité. Les aménagements de Louis-Philippe au Grand Trianon répondaient à ces exigences et, en particulier, ceux de son appartement privé. Par la nature même et la fonction des pièces qui le composaient, on peut en effet espérer y déceler une personnalité, des prédilections et des exigences dans l’ameublement, la distribution et le lien établi volontairement entre les pièces. Mais l’étude de cet appartement révèle bien des contradictions et des dilemmes constants entre la rupture dans le mode de vie d’un roi – le seul à abandonner les appartements officiels de l’aile droite pour s’installer dans l’ancienne aile des offices – et la continuité historique dans le choix du mobilier.
Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Promote Fas-Induced Apoptosis through Downregulation of NF-κB and Mitochondrial Bfl-1 in Leukemic T Cells
Authors: Oh Jiyoung , Kim Seol-Hee , Ahn Sinae , Lee Choong-Eun 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are known as negative regulators of cytokine- and growth factor–induced signal transduction. Recently they have emerged as multifunctional proteins with regulatory roles in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. We have recently reported that SOCS1 has antiapoptotic functions against the TNF-α– and the hydrogen peroxide–induced T cell apoptosis through the induction of thioredoxin, which protects protein tyrosine phosphatases and attenuates Jaks. In this study, we report that SOCS, on the contrary, promote death receptor Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. The proapoptotic effect of SOCS1 was manifested with increases in Fas-induced caspase-8 activation, truncated Bid production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Both caspase-8 inhibitor c-Flip and mitochondrial antiapoptotic factor Bfl-1 were significantly reduced by SOCS1. These proapoptotic responses were not associated with changes in Jak or p38/Jnk activities but were accompanied with downregulation of NF-κB and NF-κB–dependent reporter gene expression. Indeed, p65 degradation via ubiquitination was accelerated in SOCS1 overexpressing cells, whereas it was attenuated in SOCS1 knockdown cells. With high NF-κB levels, the SOCS1-ablated cells displayed resistance against Fas-induced apoptosis, which was abrogated upon siBfl-1 transfection. The results indicate that the suppression of NF-κB–dependent induction of prosurvival factors, such as Bfl-1 and c-Flip, may serve as a mechanism for SOCS action to promote Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. SOCS3 exhibited a similar proapoptotic function. Because both SOCS1 and SOCS3 are induced upon TCR stimulation, SOCS would play a role in activation-induced cell death by sensitizing activated T cells toward Fas-mediated apoptosis to maintain T cell homeostasis.
A Combination of Local Inflammation and Central Memory T Cells Potentiates Immunotherapy in the Skin
Authors: Fiorenza Salvatore , Kenna Tony J. , Comerford Iain , McColl Shaun , Steptoe Raymond J. , Leggatt Graham R. , Frazer Ian H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy uses the specificity of the adaptive immune system to target cancer and virally infected cells. Yet the mechanism and means by which to enhance T cell function are incompletely described, especially in the skin. In this study, we use a murine model of immunotherapy to optimize cell-mediated immunity in the skin. We show that in vitro–derived central but not effector memory-like T cells bring about rapid regression of skin-expressing cognate Ag as a transgene in keratinocytes. Local inflammation induced by the TLR7 receptor agonist imiquimod subtly yet reproducibly decreases time to skin graft rejection elicited by central but not effector memory T cells in an immunodeficient mouse model. Local CCL4, a chemokine liberated by TLR7 agonism, similarly enhances central memory T cell function. In this model, IL-2 facilitates the development in vivo of effector function from central memory but not effector memory T cells. In a model of T cell tolerogenesis, we further show that adoptively transferred central but not effector memory T cells can give rise to successful cutaneous immunity, which is dependent on a local inflammatory cue in the target tissue at the time of adoptive T cell transfer. Thus, adoptive T cell therapy efficacy can be enhanced if CD8+ T cells with a central memory T cell phenotype are transferred, and IL-2 is present with contemporaneous local inflammation.
Leukocyte Function Antigen-1, Kindlin-3, and Calcium Flux Orchestrate Neutrophil Recruitment during Inflammation
Authors: Dixit Neha , Kim Min-Ho , Rossaint Jan , Yamayoshi Itsukyo , Zarbock Alexander , Simon Scott I. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Neutrophil arrest and migration on inflamed endothelium involves a conformational shift in CD11a/CD18 (leukocyte function antigen-1; LFA-1) to a high-affinity and clustered state that determines the strength and lifetime of bond formation with ICAM-1. Cytoskeletal adapter proteins Kindlin-3 and Talin-1 anchor clustered LFA-1 to the cytoskeleton and facilitate the transition from neutrophil rolling to arrest. We recently reported that tensile force acts on LFA-1 bonds inducing their colocalization with Orai1, the predominant membrane store operated Ca2+ channel that cooperates with the endoplasmic reticulum to elicit cytosolic flux. Because Kindlin-3 was recently reported to initiate LFA-1 clustering in lymphocytes, we hypothesized that it cooperates with Orai1 and LFA-1 in signaling local Ca2+ flux necessary for shear-resistant neutrophil arrest. Using microfluidic flow channels combined with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we applied defined shear stress to low- or high-affinity LFA-1 and imaged the spatiotemporal regulation of bond formation with Kindlin-3 recruitment and Ca2+ influx. Orai1 and Kindlin-3 genes were silenced in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells to assess their respective roles in this process. Kindlin-3 was enriched within focal clusters of high-affinity LFA-1, which promoted physical linkage with Orai1. This macromolecular complex functioned to amplify inside-out Ca2+ signaling in response to IL-8 stimulation by catalyzing an increased density of Talin-1 and consolidating LFA-1 clusters within sites of contact with ICAM-1. In this manner, neutrophils use focal adhesions as mechanosensors that convert shear stress–mediated tensile force into local bursts of Ca2+ influx that catalyze cytoskeletal engagement and an adhesion-strengthened migratory phenotype.
Cutting Edge: FAS (CD95) Mediates Noncanonical IL-1β and IL-18 Maturation via Caspase-8 in an RIP3-Independent Manner
Authors: Bossaller Lukas , Chiang Ping-I , Schmidt-Lauber Christian , Ganesan Sandhya , Kaiser William J. , Rathinam Vijay A. K. , Mocarski Edward S. , Subramanian Deepa , Green Douglas R. , Silverman Neal , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Latz Eicke 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Fas, a TNF family receptor, is activated by the membrane protein Fas ligand expressed on various immune cells. Fas signaling triggers apoptosis and induces inflammatory cytokine production. Among the Fas-induced cytokines, the IL-1β family cytokines require proteolysis to gain biological activity. Inflammasomes, which respond to pathogens and danger signals, cleave IL-1β cytokines via caspase-1. However, the mechanisms by which Fas regulates IL-1β activation remain unresolved. In this article, we demonstrate that macrophages exposed to TLR ligands upregulate Fas, which renders them responsive to receptor engagement by Fas ligand. Fas signaling activates caspase-8 in macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 independently of inflammasomes or RIP3. Hence, Fas controls a novel noncanonical IL-1β activation pathway in myeloid cells, which could play an essential role in inflammatory processes, tumor surveillance, and control of infectious diseases.
Systemic Flagellin Immunization Stimulates Mucosal CD103+ Dendritic Cells and Drives Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell and IgA Responses in the Mesenteric Lymph Node
Authors: Flores-Langarica Adriana , Marshall Jennifer L. , Hitchcock Jessica , Cook Charlotte , Jobanputra Jonathan , Bobat Saeeda , Ross Ewan A. , Coughlan Ruth E. , Henderson Ian R. , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Cunningham Adam F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Mucosal immunity is poorly activated after systemic immunization with protein Ags. Nevertheless, induction of mucosal immunity in such a manner would be an attractive and simple way to overcome the intrinsic difficulties in delivering Ag to such sites. Flagellin from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (FliC) can impact markedly on host immunity, in part via its recognition by TLR5. In this study, we show that systemic immunization with soluble FliC (sFliC) drives distinct immune responses concurrently in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the spleen after i.p. and s.c. immunization. In the MLN, but not the spleen, sFliC drives a TLR5-dependent recruitment of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), which correlates with a diminution in CD103+ DC numbers in the lamina propria. In the MLN, CD103+ DCs carry Ag and are the major primers of endogenous and transgenic T cell priming. A key consequence of these interactions with CD103+ DCs in the MLN is an increase in local regulatory T cell differentiation. In parallel, systemic sFliC immunization results in a pronounced switching of FliC-specific B cells to IgA in the MLN but not elsewhere. Loss of TLR5 has more impact on MLN than splenic Ab responses, reflected in an ablation of IgA, but not IgG, serum Ab titers. Therefore, systemic sFliC immunization targets CD103+ DCs and drives distinct mucosal T and B cell responses. This offers a potential “Trojan horse” approach to modulate mucosal immunity by systemically immunizing with sFliC.
A Modified Helmholtz Equation With Impedance Boundary Conditions
Authors: Callihan Robert S. , Wood Aihua W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHere considered is the problem of transient electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities embedded in an impedance ground plane. An artificial boundary condition is introduced on a semicircle enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those fields inside. A Green’s function solution is obtained for the exterior domain, while the interior problem is solved using finite element method. Well-posedness of the associated variational formulation is achieved and convergence and stability of the numerical scheme confirmed. Numerical experiments show the accuracy and robustness of the method.
Numerical Method for The Time Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation
Authors: Cao Xue-Nian , Fu Jiang-Li , Huang Hu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a new numerical algorithm for solving the time fractional Fokker-Planck equation is proposed. The analysis of local truncation error and the stability of this method are investigated. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the proposed method has higher order of accuracy for solving the time fractional Fokker-Planck equation.
BOLD Responses to Different Temporospatial Frequency Stimuli in V1 and V2 Visual Cortex of Anisometropic Amblyopia
Authors: Li Hua , Yang Xubo , Gong Qiyong , Chen Huafu , Liao Meng , Liu Longqian 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most advanced neuroimaging technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) of V1 and V2 visual cortex in anisometropic amblyopia with fMRI and explore the neural mechanism of amblyopia. Methods. fMRI was performed with a 3.0-T MRI scanner during reversal checkerboard visual stimulation with different spatial frequencies (SF) of 0.4, 2, and 8 cpd in 2 states of temporal frequencies (TF) of 6 Hz and 8 Hz in a group of patients with anisometropic amblyopia (n=5) and a group of normal observers (n=4). Data were processed by SPM software offline. Responses of different eyes were compared in different conditions. Results. The BOLD signal magnitude in V1 and V2 visual cortex of amblyopic eyes was significantly lower than the fellow eyes with anisometropic amblyopia at low SF (0.4-2 cpd) (p<0.05), but it was significantly higher than the fellow eyes at high SF (8 cpd) (p<0.05). The BOLD signal magnitude in V1 and V2 visual cortex of amblyopic eyes was significantly lower than the nondominant eyes in normal subjects in all conditions (p<0.001). Conclusions. There are cortical deficits in V1 and V2 visual cortex of anisometropic amblyopia, which may be useful for selecting an optimum stimulus at proper temporospatial frequency.
Relational Versus Absolute Representation in Categorization
Authors: Edwards Darren J. , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Perlman Amotz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study explores relational-like and absolute-like representations in categorization. Although there is much evidence that categorization processes can involve information about both the particular physical properties of studied instances and abstract (relational) properties, there has been little work on the factors that lead to one kind of representation as opposed to the other. We tested 370 participants in 6 experiments, in which participants had to classify new items into predefined artificial categories. In 4 experiments, we observed a predominantly relational-like mode of classification, and in 2 experiments we observed a shift toward an absolute-like mode of classification. These results suggest 3 factors that promote a relational-like mode of classification: fewer items per group, more training groups, and the presence of a time delay. Overall, we propose that less information about the distributional properties of a category or weaker memory traces for the category exemplars (induced, e.g., by having smaller categories or a time delay) can encourage relational-like categorization.
Advanced renal disease, end‐stage renal disease and renal death among HIV‐positive individuals in Europe
Authors: Ryom L , Kirk O , Lundgren J , Reiss P , Pedersen C , De Wit S , Buzunova S , Gasiorowski J , Gatell J , Mocroft A ,   EuroSIDA in EuroCoord
Published: November 2012

Many studies have focused on chronic kidney disease in HIV‐positive individuals, but few have studied the less frequent events, advanced renal disease (ARD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study was to investigate incidence, predictors and outcomes for ARD/ESRD and renal death in EuroSIDA. ARD was defined as confirmed eGFR < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (>3 months apart) using Cockcroft‐Gault. ESRD was defined as hemo‐ or peritoneal dialysis>1 month/renal transplant. Renal deaths were defined as renal failure as the underlying cause of death, using CoDe methodology. Patients were followed from baseline (first eGFR after 1/1/2004) until last eGFR, ARD/ESRD/renal death; whichever occurred first. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors. 8817 persons were included, the majority were white (87.3%), males (73.9%) infected though homosexual contact (41.5%) and with a median age of 42 years (IQR 36–49). 45 persons (0.5%) developed the composite endpoint; ARD (24), ESRD (19) and renal death (2) during a median follow up (FU) of 4.5 years (IQR 2.7–5.8), incidence rate (IR) 1.21/1000 PYFU (95% CI 0.86–1.57). Of 312 persons (3.5%) with baseline eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 13.3% (7.5–18.9) are estimated to develop ARD/ESRD/renal death within 6 years after baseline compared to 0.86% (0.58–1.1) of all patients, using Kaplan‐Meier methods. Predictors in multivariate analysis were older age (IRR 1.29 per 10 years [0.95–1.75]) any cardiovascular risk (IRR 2.34 [1.23–4.45]), CD4 count (IRR 0.76 per 2‐fold higher [0.60–0.97]) and eGFR (IRR 0.63 per 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 higher [0.58–0.69]).imageEthnicity, gender, nadir CD4, VL, HBV and using potential nephrotoxic antiretrovirals were insignificant in uni‐ and multivariate analysis. At 1 year after ARD/ESRD, 23.3% (CI 9.8–36.8) were estimated to have died using Kaplan‐Meier methods. The 11 deaths were from renal causes (2), non‐AIDS‐defining malignancies (2), hepatitis‐associated liver failure (1), respiratory failure (1), cardiovascular disease (1), pancreatitis (1) and unknown causes (3). The ARD/ESRD/renal death incidence was low in this population with the available FU, and was associated with traditional and HIV‐related risk factors. Most persons with ARD/ESRD/renal death had pre‐existing renal impairment, but some experienced a rapid progression from initial normal levels. Prognosis after ARD/ESRD was poor. Larger studies are required to address the possible contribution of specific antiretrovirals.
Phase‐sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: methodology, instrumentation and applications
Authors: Huang Y.H. , Ho H.P. , Kong S.K. , Kabashin A.V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSurface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has become a central tool for label‐free characterization of biomolecular interactions. Based on monitoring of amplitude characteristics, conventional SPR sensors have been extensively explored, commercialized and applied for studies of many important interactions (antigen‐antibody, protein‐ligand etc), but this technology still lacks of sensitivity for the detection of relatively small and low copy number compounds. Phase‐sensitive SPR has recently emerged as an upgrade of this technology to resolve the sensitivity issue. Profiting from a sharp phase jump under SPR and ultra‐sensitive tools of its control, this technology offers up to 100‐time improvement of the detection limit, giving access to the detection of trace amounts of small molecular weight analytes (drugs etc). This paper intends to provide a tutorial on basic concepts of phase detection in SPR sensing, compare the performance of phase‐ and amplitude‐sensitive sensors, review recent progress in the development and applications of phase‐sensitive SPR sensors, and outline future prospects and trends of this technology.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Features of the Vomeronasal System in Dogs
Authors: Salazar Ignacio , Cifuentes José M. , Sánchez‐Quinteiro Pablo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEach of the structures integrating the sense of smell in mammals has a different degree of development, even in the so‐called macrosmatic animals, according to the capacity of the olfactory system to detect thousands of different chemical signals. Such morphological diversity implies analogous physiological variation. The study of the accessory olfactory system, also known as the vomeronasal system, is a useful way to analyze the heterogeneity of the sense of smell. Macrodissection and microdissection methods as well as conventional histology and immunohistochemistry protocols were used to study aspects of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulbs in dogs. Observations regarding the end of the anterior part of the vomeronasal duct have been emphasized. Both lectins, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I and Lycopersicum esculentum agglutinin, and one G protein, Gαi2, show a similar pattern of binding in the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ and in the vomeronasal nerve and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb, whereas the expression of protein Gαo was not observed. Taken together, our results emphasize the contribution of comparative data to our understanding of the vomeronasal system function. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.