bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insolents.es et Insoumis.es. Esquisses sur les droits en santé mentale
Authors: Barbal i Rodoreda Pilar , Blais Denise M. 
Published: May 2014

Dans une perspective de défense des droits en santé mentale axée sur l’appropriation du pouvoir, Action Autonomie a mis sur pied un projet d’art conscientisant en collaboration avec le Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal. Il s’agit avant tout d’une réponse de l’organisme à ses membres et aux personnes qui ont fait des demandes d’aide et d’accompagnement. Ayant comme toile de fond le témoignage de 15 personnes ayant subi des mesures de contrôle – contention physique, chimique et isolement – dans le milieu psychiatrique montréalais, ce projet se déploie à travers un cycle de sept étapes ayant mené à la création d’une oeuvre collective sur chacun des cinq droits explorés : droit à la dignité, au respect, à la liberté, à la sécurité et au consentement libre et éclairé. Chacune de ces oeuvres est accompagnée de messages et réflexions livrés par les artistes sur chacun des droits. L’objectif de ce projet était de créer cette oeuvre collective itinérante comme outil de sensibilisation et de promotion des droits en santé mentale.
From “Canadians First” to “Workers Unite”: Evolving Union Narratives of Migrant Workers
Authors: Foster Jason 
Published: May 2014

Federal government policy changes in the early 2000s led to the rapid expansion of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) Program by increasing the number of eligible occupations. Before the expansion few trade unions in Canada had interaction with TFWs, but with the new rules, and the high profile political debate that ensued, unions were forced to confront the issue of migrant workers directly for the first time. Using narrative analysis, the paper examines media statements from union officials between 2006 to 2012 to track the narratives constructed by unions regarding TFWs. It finds three temporally sequential narrative arcs: 1-prioritizing of Canadian workers’ interests and portrayal of TFWs as employer pawns; 2-TFWs as vulnerable workers needing union advocacy for their employment and human rights; and 3-post-economic crisis conflicted efforts to integrate Canadian and TFW interests. The changing narratives reflect evolving union reaction to the issue of growing use of TFWs, as well as interaction with external political and economic contexts shaping the issue.The study examines how unions understand challenging new issues. The results suggest union discourses are shaped by the tension between internal pressures and external contexts. They also suggest that leaders’ responsibility to represent members can sometimes clash with unions’ broader values of social justice. Unions build internal value structures that inform their understanding of an issue, but they must also reflect members’ demands and concerns, even if those concerns may not reflect social justice values. The case study reveals the line between “business union” and “social union” philosophy is fluid, contested and context dependent. The paper also links union narratives of TFWs in this contemporary setting to labour’s historical attitude toward immigration and race, finding elements of both continuity and disruption.
EAARN score, a predictive score for mortality in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy based on pre‐implantation risk factors
Authors: Khatib Malek , Tolosana José M. , Trucco Emilce , Borràs Roger , Castel Ángeles , Berruezo Antonio , Doltra Adelina , Sitges Marta , Arbelo Elena , Matas Maria , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís 
Published: May 2014

AimsThe beneficial effects of CRT in patients with advanced heart failure, wide QRS, and low LVEF have been clearly established. Nevertheless, mortality remains high in some patients. The aims of our study were to identify the predictors of mortality in patients treated with CRT and to design a risk score for mortality.Methods and resultsA cohort of 608 consecutive patients treated with CRT from 2000 to 2011 in our centre was prospectively analysed. Baseline clinical and echocardiography variables were analysed and mortality data were collected. During a mean follow‐up of 36.2 ± 29.2 months, 174 patients died: 123/174 (71%) due to cardiovascular causes, 25/174 (14%) non‐cardiac causes, and 26/174 (15%) unknown aetiology. In a multivariate analysis the predictors of mortality were NYHA class IV [hazard ratio (HR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–3.7, P < 0.001], glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14–2.30, P = 0.008), AF (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19–2.3, P = 0.01), age ≥70 years (HR 1.44, (95% CI 1.04–2.00, P = 0.02), and LVEF <22% (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.33–2.52, P ≤ 0.001). The EAARN score (EF, Age, AF, Renal dysfunction, NYHA class IV) summarizes the predictors. Each additional predictor increased the mortality: one predictor, HR 3.28 (95% CI 1.37–7.8, P = 0.008); two, HR 5.23 (95% CI 2.24–12.10, P < 0.001); three, HR 9.63 (95% CI 4.1–22.60, P < 0.001); and four or more, HR 14.38 (95% CI 5.8–35.65, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe predictors of mortality have a significant add‐on predictive effect on mortality. The EAARN score could be useful to stratify the prognosis of CRT patients.
Electrochemical Sensor and Biosensor Strategies for ROS/RNS Detection in Biological Systems
Authors: Calas‐Blanchard Carole , Catanante Gaëlle , Noguer Thierry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis review summarises the main electrochemical sensors and biosensors developed for assessing the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species of interest in clinical and physiological analysis. Among these species, a special attention is focused on sensors for the detection of the highly reactive superoxide radicals O2.−, the very stable hydrogen peroxide H2O2, as well as the well‐known RNS nitric oxide (NO.). The different methods adopted for the detection of each species are commented, considering both sensor and biosensors detection strategies.
Germ‐free mice as a model to study effect of gut microbiota on host physiology
Authors: Grover M. , Kashyap P. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe alterations in resident gut microbiota seen in chronic gastrointestinal disorders have led to an increasing interest in the role of gut bacteria in maintaining intestinal barrier function. While acute alterations in colonic secretomotor function in response to pathogens have been well described, the effect of commensal bacteria on intestinal barrier function and colonic secretomotor function still remains poorly understood. Germ‐free mice represent a model system to study effect of gut microbes on host gastrointestinal physiology. The study by Lomasney et al. represents an important step in this direction by demonstrating that the colonic secretomotor function is largely preserved in germ‐free mice, hence making them a suitable model to study effect of gut microbiota on host function.
Sequence Variation in Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Gene Is Associated With Survival and Progressive Coronary Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Holden Rachel M. , Booth Sarah L. , Tuttle Angie , James Paula D. , Morton Alexander R. , Hopman Wilma M. , Nolan Robert Louis , Garland Jocelyn S. 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
Sequence variations in the gene(s) encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), the enzyme target of warfarin, have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease in the general population. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. We tested the hypothesis that the VKORC1 rs8050894 CC genotype would be associated with mortality and progression of CAC ≤4 years.

Approach and Results—

This study is an observational, prospective study of 167 individuals with stages 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease. Survival ≤4 years was assessed in all participants, and CAC progression was measured in a subset of 86 patients. Participants with the CG/GG genotype of VKORC1 had higher baseline CAC scores (median score, 112 versus 299;
P
=0.036). Of those 86 patients who had a 4-year CAC score, those with the CG/GG genotype had an increased risk of progressive CAC (adjusted for age, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension) compared with those with the CC genotype. Four-year mortality risk was 4 times higher for individuals with the CG/GG genotypes compared with individuals with the CC genotype (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–12.5;
P
=0.02), adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, baseline CAC, and hypertension.

Conclusions—
Patients with the CG/GG genotype of VKORC1 had a higher risk of CAC progression and a poorer survival. These data provide new perspectives on the potential extrahepatic role of VKORC1 in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
The skills, knowledge and educational needs of BHF arrhythmia care coordinators
Authors: May Susie , Pattenden Jill 
Published: May 2014

The British Heart Foundation (BHF) funded 32 arrhythmia care coordinators (ACCs) in 19 trusts and approached two universities to develop and run a master’s degree-level module in arrhythmia management. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the skills, knowledge and educational needs of a cohort of ACCs under taking the module in their first year of setting up a service. Methods: A qualitative approach was used from data gathered from the population’s quarterly reports, CVs, job descriptions and two focus groups. Findings: ACCs worked across the primary, secondary and tertiary care inter face with varying roles and ser vice priorities. The ACCs reported that the arrhythmia module fulfilled the clinical component of their role. They identified a need for: more focus on primary/ secondary care (rather than tertiary); more clinical support to assess competency; more knowledge on the operational aspects of setting up a specialist nurse ser vice and more education in bereavement counselling. Conclusions: The role of the BHF ACC requires an extensive range of skills, to meet the complex needs of patients with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Further training is required on the operational aspects of the role, bereavement counselling and knowledge of primary care. The provision of adequate cardiology support is essential to assess clinical competency to ensure patient safety.
Pre-participation cardiac screening: Considerations for young athletes
Authors: Ingle Lee 
Published: May 2014

This article is the first of two focusing on the utility and evidence base for pre-participation cardiac screening in competitive athletic populations. The second article will focus on the diagnostic value of different screening modalities used in the large-scale screening of athletic populations. The current article, however, focuses on the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletic populations and goes on to consider the effectiveness of cardiac screening programmes for reducing the risk of SCD. Cardiac screening in athletic populations is problematic as it may be difficult to distinguish between physiological adaptations resulting from a specific exercise training stimulus and pathological conditions. Different types of chronic exercise training can induce eccentric or concentric myocardial hypertrophy, which may mimic pathological conditions. The final section discusses some of the practical issues that a clinician may face when needing to advise a young athlete to either stop or modify his/her habitual patterns of physical activity including future exercise considerations.
Early warning scores in cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Harris Polly 
Published: May 2014

Background: Significant physiological deterioration in the 8 hours pre arrest is evident in 84% of in-hospital cardiac arrests. The modified early warning score (MEWS) is an example of a physiological ‘track and trigger’ system designed to identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration. Aims: The primary aim of this study was to describe the use and characteristics of the MEWS score in the 24-hour period preceding cardiac arrest to establish any pattern and its relationship to the subsequent deterioration of patients. Methods: A retrospective case note review was conducted of all cardiac arrests in the study hospital occurring over a 6-month period. Results: The majority of cardiac arrests occurred out of hours (69.7%). Of the nurses recording the final MEWS preceding cardiac arrest, 13 (39.9%) were registered nurses and 20 (60.6%) were healthcare assistants. The majority of MEWS recorded immediately preceding cardiac arrest were 1 (15; 45%); the mean MEWS was 2.24, the median was 2 and the mode was 1. Conclusion: This retrospective case note review has examined the use and characteristics of the MEWS on the medical wards of one district general hospital in the 24 hours preceding cardiac arrest. Key issues have been identified regarding MEWS at the point of cardiac arrest, and the use of the referral pathway by healthcare professionals. Communication of deterioration is imperative to the management of deterioration on the general wards.
Legal requirements for donating and retaining organs: the Human Tissue Act
Authors: Griffith Richard 
Published: May 2014

The Human Tissue Act 2004 came into force on 1 September 2006 and introduced significant changes in the way human body parts, tissue and organs are the removed, stored and used. The Act seeks to remedy the poor availability of organs for transplant caused in part by laws that date back to the 17th Century and to right the concerns raised by the Liverpool Children's Inquiry that revealed widespread retention of organs without permission by hospitals. In this article Richard Griffith describes how consent is now the driving force underpinning such activity and how the wishes of the patient remain paramount even after death. He also outlines how the Human Tissue Authority will licence and inspect activities involving human tissue under the Act and discuss how the new law will affect district nurse practice.
Ageing and the older person part 1: the brain and the heart
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: May 2014

Globally and nationally there is an ageing population. Ageing is a constant process and begins when a person is born, it is also an individual process, affecting each person differently with regards to the speed at which a person ages and the affects of ageing. In order to provide holistic health and social care for the older person this means that the healthcare assistant/assistant practitioner has to have an insight and understanding of the potential physiological changes that can occur when people age. Pathophysiological changes will include the changes that are often associated with physical health but also, and just as importantly, are the changes that the person may experience from a psychological perspective. The impact of these changes varies from individual to individual. This series of articles will look at how ageing affects people in different ways and should provide you with a good understanding of what your older patients are going through.)
Scabies: an overview of the condition
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: May 2014

Scabies outbreaks can occur in care homes and can be difficult to diagnose in older people because they do not always display all the clinical symptoms. Additionally, skin problems such as itching and rashes are common in older people and so scabies could easily go unnoticed for a while. The condition can spread quickly if untreated and if treatment is not carried out to the highest standard, outbreaks can persist for months. This article explains what scabies is, why it causes itching and rashes and how it can be treated.
Influenza vaccine under delegation
Authors: Sutherland Brenda , Moss Diana 
Published: May 2014

The issue of healthcare assistants (HCAs) delivering influenza vaccinations is a contentious one - some believe it should only be administered by registered practitioners while others argue that with appropriate experience, training and supervision, it is a role that can be delegated to the HCA. The Health Protection Agency (HPA) argues that those who administer the flu vaccine ‘should’, not ‘must’ be registered (HPA, 2005) while the Working in Partnership Programme (WiPP) has developed resources for general practices to enable HCAs to deliver it safely (WiPP, 2008). The key issue that must be addressed when delegating the flu vaccine to competent HCAs is that they must follow a strict protocol and Named Patient Group Direction before administering it. This article explains the process of developing and training HCAs to administer the flu vaccine, with a specific focus on a programme running in Leicestershire.
Paediatrics: nutrition for babies and young children
Authors: Shepherd Alison 
Published: May 2014

Nutrition in childhood is of fundamental importance if young children of today are to grow into healthy adults. This review will give an overview of the basic nutritional requirements, essential in the diets of babies, toddlers and young children, which if addressed will enable this age group to progress through the lifespan, achieving their full potential. Ensuring that children receive optimum nutrition is everybody's business and nurses and nursing support workers in contact with children are in a prime position to identify nutritional problems and take appropriate steps to rectify these.
Staff views of the introduction of APs into N Bristol NHS Trust
Authors: Crew Sue 
Published: May 2014

The article looks at the introduction of the assistant practitioner (AP) role into the established nursing teams within North Bristol NHS Trust (NBT) by means of an evaluation of staff perceptions through their stories. This research was completed during 2011 and was submitted as a dissertation in partial fulfilment for the degree of MSc Leadership and Management in 2012. The full dissertation is freely available in the Trust library.
Cardiogenic shock: prompt action can reduce deaths
Authors: Peate Ian , Holmes Edward 
Published: May 2014

This article provides information concerning a potentially life-threatening condition—cardiogenic shock. Shock is an acute widespread reduction in effective tissue perfusion that causes an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. Vital organs and tissues fail to be perfused effectively. The article offers an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the heart. A discussion concerning the pathological changes that occur in conjunction with cardiogenic shock is provided. The signs and symptoms are described and the management of the condition is highlighted. The role of the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) are briefly addressed. A glossary of terms is provided.
Clinical skills series/6: oral hygiene
Authors: Peate Ian , Gault Christine 
Published: May 2014

Healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) are essential members of the multidisciplinary team and are involved in many ways to ensure that the people they offer care to are provided with high-quality, safe and effective care—which extends to the provision of oral hygiene. Oral hygiene is seen as a fundamental aspect of care ( Department of Heath, 2010 ). Poor oral care given to vulnerable patients in long-term care settings can have serious consequences, including increased risk of stroke, heart disease and pneumonia. HCAs and APs are ideally placed to take action to prevent poor oral care by making sure that there are appropriate supplies in place, promoting oral care to all care staff and using an evidence base to offer care to those they look after. This article discusses this important aspect of care and provides guidance to HCAs and APs when helping adults meet their oral hygiene needs.
Improving the experience of care for people living with HIV
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: May 2014

Some 30 years have passed since the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During this time, there have been immense strides made in the provision of high-quality and effective care, and there are clear improvements in clinical outcomes and the health and well being of those people living with HIV. People with HIV are living longer. The health care assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have a central role to play as members of the health and social multidisciplinary care team in improving the health and well being of people who are living longer with HIV. Despite the advances in care provision (often against a backdrop of financial constraints), there is more that can be done to help people with HIV. This article provides an overview of the standards of care for people living with HIV. An awareness of the standards of care can help the HCA and AP offer care that is patient centred and effective.
Educational internship at Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
Authors: Garland Susan , Chrissy Cowan 
Published: May 2014

In September 2013, following informal requests for mentoring from various staff members, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust decided to set up a formal internship scheme. This article introduces the scheme created by the trust’s nursing and midwifery education team. Its aim is to provide successful applicants with a part-time internship opportunity to complete a teaching qualification within a supportive educational environment. This approach provides individual staff members with personal development and broadens the number of people within the trust who can support or ‘buddy’ their colleagues. BJHCA Board Member, Chrissy Cowan, began her internship in January 2014 and explains why she took up the option and what she hopes to gain from it.
2.8 Safe management of clinical and hazardous waste
Authors: Jones Menna Lloyd 
Published: May 2014

Waste is generated in all healthcare environments. Around 10 to 15% of that waste is infectious or hazardous Every healthcare worker who produces waste has the responsibility to ensure that the waste is disposed of in an appropriate and safe manner. As a healthcare assistant (HCA), you will undoubtedly be involved with the disposal of clinical and hazardous waste and spillages. You therefore have a responsibility to ensure that you are competent in the safe disposal of such waste and management of spillages. This article explains the Government definition of clinical waste and the steps that support workers can take to deal with it appropriately.
Standard principles of infection control: infection control series, part 2
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: May 2014

Last year, 15.146 million people were admitted to NHS hospitals as inpatients; the number of people admitted has been rising over the past ten years ( NHS Confederation, 2014 ). Changes in healthcare practice have led to a major decline in healthcare-associated infections (Walker and Fowler, 2011:69; Health Protection Agency (HPA), 2012 ). Standard principles of infection control are the rock on which all efforts to reduce infection rates are embedded. Population changes have led to the NHS treating greater numbers of older people, who are extremely vulnerable to infection ( Nazarko, 2014 ). Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance mean that infections are more difficult to treat ( Department of Health (DH), 2013 ). These changes mean that good practice in infection control is vital. Every single person who works in healthcare has a responsibility to reduce infection risks by practising standard principles of infection control. This article aims to enable readers to be aware of what infection control is, what infection risks exist, how infection spreads and what can be done to reduce infection risks.
‘Shape up or ship out': with regard to the remedy
Authors: Davies Lynn 
Published: May 2014

This articles considers the potential fates of the Chief Executives and board Chairmen of the 12 acute hospital trusts who were awarded no stars in the recently-published league tables. A failure to improve their Trusts’ performance within the time scales given by the Secretary of State (three months for long-serving Chief Executives, and 12 months for those who are newly appointed) could result in their dismissal.