bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4‐Octyl itaconate blocks GSDMB‐mediated pyroptosis and restricts inflammation by inactivating granzyme A
Authors: Gong Wenbin , Fu Hangyu , Yang Kui , Zheng Tao , Guo Kun , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGSDMB‐mediated pyroptosis facilitates a pro‐inflammatory immune microenvironment and needs to be tightly regulated to avoid excessive inflammation. Here, we provide evidence that itaconate and its cell‐permeable derivative 4‐octyl itaconate (4‐OI) can significantly inhibit GSDMB‐rendered pyroptotic activity independent of Nrf2. 4‐OI interferes proteolytic process of GSDMB by directly modifying Cys54, Cys148 and Ser212 on granzyme A (GrzA), a serine protease that site‐specifically cleaves the inter‐domain linker of GSDMB, instead of interaction with GSDMB, thereby blocking pyroptosis and exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. Moreover, 4‐OI alleviates inflammation by suppressing GSDMB‐induced pyroptotic cell death during acute colitis models in intestinal epithelial GSDMB conditional transgenic mice. Our data expand the role of 4‐OI as a crucial immunometabolic derivative that regulates innate immunity and inflammation through a newly identified posttranslational modification, and targeting of pyroptosis by 4‐OI therefore holds potent therapeutic potential for primarily inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases.
Cardiovascular and non‐renal complications of chronic kidney disease: Managing risk
Authors: Rossing Peter , Hansen Tine Willum , Kümler Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) currently affects approximately 850 million people globally and is continuing to increase in prevalence as well as in importance as a cause of death. The excess mortality related to CKD is mostly caused by an increase in cardiovascular disease. This includes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as many promoters of atherosclerosis, such as blood pressure, lipid levels and hypercoagulation, are increased in people with CKD. Diabetes is a leading cause of CKD contributing to the risk of CVD, and obesity is also increasingly prevalent. Management of these risk factors is therefore very important in CKD, and to reduce risk of CKD progression. Heart failure is also more prevalent in CKD and, again, many risk factors are shared. The concept of foundational pillars in the management of heart failure has been adapted to the treatment of CKD, with many organ‐protective interventions, such renin‐angiotensin system blockade, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibition and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism, reducing the risk for mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but also for progression of CKD. Atrial fibrillation is also more common with CKD and affects the management of the former. In this review these non‐renal complications of CKD are discussed, along with how the risk of these complications should be managed. Many new opportunities have demonstrated heart and kidney organ protection, but implementation is a challenge.
Eosinophils in hidradenitis suppurativa patients exhibit pro‐inflammatory traits, implicating a potential pathogenic role in the disease
Authors: Renert‐Yuval Yael , Gonzalez Juana , Garcet Sandra , Williams Samuel C. , Moreno Ariana , Krueger James G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful nodules, abscesses and purulent secretions in intertriginous regions. Intense pruritus frequently accompanies HS lesions, adding further discomfort for patients. While Th17 pathway activation is implicated in HS pathogenesis, disease mechanisms are still not fully understood, and therapeutics are lacking. Previous reports raise a potential role for eosinophils in HS, showing a strong association of eosinophil levels with disease severity. To investigate eosinophils in HS, we recruited patients and matched healthy controls and then performed flow‐cytometry studies, eosinophil stimulation assays, and lesional skin staining for eosinophils. We found that HS patients reported similar levels of pain and itch. Compared to matched controls, HS blood exhibited decreased mature eosinophils and increased numbers of immature eosinophils, coupled with a significant increase in dermal eosinophilic infiltrates. Additionally, IL‐17RA+ eosinophils were highly and significantly correlated with multiple HS‐related clinical scores. In both stimulated and unstimulated conditions, HS eosinophils showed an inflammatory phenotype versus controls, including an increase in costimulatory T‐ and B‐cell markers (e.g. CD5 and CD40) following all stimulations (TNFα/IL‐17A/IL‐17F). These findings highlight the significance of pruritus in HS and suggest a higher turnover of eosinophils in HS blood, potentially due to the consumption of eosinophils in skin lesions. Our data delineate the features and functions of eosinophils in HS and suggest that eosinophils participate in disease pathogenesis, advancing Th17‐related inflammation. Further studies are needed to investigate eosinophils' response to current HS treatments and their potential as a therapeutic target in the disease.
Assessment order and faking behavior
Authors: Wallace Brett L. , Burns Gary N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPersonality testing is a critical component of organizational assessment and selection processes. Despite nearly a century of research recognizing faking as a concern in personality assessment, the impact of order effects on faking has not been thoroughly examined. This study investigates whether the sequence of administering personality and cognitive ability measures affects the extent of faking. Previous research suggests administering personality measures early in the assessment process to mitigate adverse impact; however, models of faking behavior and signaling theory imply that test order could influence faking. In two simulated applicant laboratory studies (Study 1 N = 172, Study 2 N = 174), participants were randomly assigned to complete personality measures either before or after cognitive ability tests. Results indicate that participants who completed personality assessments first exhibited significantly higher levels of faking compared to those who took cognitive ability tests first. These findings suggest that the order of test administration influences faking, potentially due to the expenditure of cognitive resources during cognitive ability assessments. To enhance the integrity of selection procedures, administrators should consider the sequence of test administration to mitigate faking and improve the accuracy of personality assessments. This study also underscores the need for continued exploration of contextual factors influencing faking behavior. Future research should investigate the mechanisms driving these order effects and develop strategies to reduce faking in personality assessments.
Beyond surgery: Pre‐ and post‐operative care in children with ankyloglossia
Authors: Smart Sharon , Grant Hayley , Tseng Raymond J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical intervention for tongue‐tie, or ankyloglossia performed by paediatric dentists can alleviate symptoms and improve functional abilities in infants and children. Despite widespread practice, there are currently no established clinical guidelines or consistent approaches for pre‐ and post‐operative care of children.AimThe aim of this study was to explore approaches to pre‐ and post‐operative care for children with ankyloglossia having frenum surgery.DesignA scoping review of peer‐reviewed articles in four electronic databases was conducted. Intervention studies that reported on pre‐ or post‐operative regimens for infants, children and adolescents (0 to 18 years) with a diagnosis of tongue‐tie or ankyloglossia, who had surgical intervention such as frenotomy or frenectomy, were included and quality assessments performed.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were identified, with seven studies incorporating both pre‐ and post‐operative care, and 16 studies focussing solely on post‐operative care. Tongue exercises were commonly prescribed, and only three studies examined the relationship between post‐operative care and recovery outcomes. Considerable variability existed in study design, prescribed care and outcome measures.ConclusionThere was substantial variability in pre‐ and post‐operative care protocols, including dosage, frequency and duration of exercises and other care regimens for infants and children having frenum surgery. Further research is needed to determine the most effective course of pre‐ and post‐operative care for children undergoing frenum surgery.
The real effect of CDS trading: Evidence from corporate employment
Authors: Lai Shaojie , Liu Shiang , Pu Xiaoling , Zhang Jianing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines whether the inception of credit default swaps (CDS) trading curbs corporate employment. We show that firms with CDS trading have significantly lower employment growth. Our baseline results are robust to alternative measures of corporate employment growth, various approaches that mitigate endogeneity concerns due to omitted variables and reverse causality, and additional control variables. The decrease in firms' employment growth after CDS trading is more pronounced in firms with larger financial constraints and lower CEO risk‐taking. In addition, we find that the inception of CDS trading affects employment growth through the financial distress channel. Further analysis finds that the inception of CDS trading could mitigate the labor over‐investment problem, stimulating employment efficiency. Our evidence suggests that corporate employment growth is reduced after the initiation of CDS trading due to the heightened cost of defaults.
Why did the Hornbill not cross the river? Upland habitats rather than a physical barrier limit the distribution of the Brown Hornbill
Authors: Chaitanya Ramamoorthi , Naniwadekar Rohit , Meiri Shai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimIn continuous environments, niche limits of species often determine their distribution limits. However, when these limits spatially coincide with a perceived dispersal barrier, the determinants of species' ranges may be confounded. We investigate the distribution pattern of the Brown Hornbill (Aves: Bucerotidae), which spans significant riverine barriers, but stops south of the Brahmaputra River. Considering its preference for low‐elevation evergreen forests, we posit that the lack of sufficient habitats north of the Brahmaputra prevents dispersal of the Brown Hornbill, and not the river itself.LocationThe Brahmaputra valley and the Indo‐Burma hotspot.TaxaAnorrhinus austeni, Aceros nipalensis.MethodsWe analysed citizen‐science occurrence data on hornbill presence against a suite of climatic, canopy‐specific and topographical predictors to model the environmental niche of the Brown Hornbill. We used presence‐only maximum entropy modelling in an information theoretic framework, in conjunction with constructing binary logistic regression models using presence and pseudoabsence data. We compared niche models of the Brown Hornbill and the Rufous‐necked hornbill, a close relative with a similar distribution, but which has spanned the Brahmaputra River.ResultsDespite the presence of suitable wet‐evergreen forests north of the Brahmaputra River, the hilly terrains in the region act as a biogeographic barrier for the Brown Hornbill, which prefers lowland evergreen forests. Further, highly suitable regions for the Brown and the Rufous‐necked Hornbills precisely delineate low and high‐elevation evergreen forests respectively, indicating that these birds are separated along an elevational axis.Main ConclusionsThe Brahmaputra River lies at the cusp of two subtly different environmental regimes. It may therefore serve as the niche limit for certain organisms and not as a physical obstacle to their dispersal. Our study implicitly predicts how widespread deforestation prevalent in the lowland evergreen forests of this region adversely impacts the distributions of organisms that depend on them, such as the Brown Hornbill. Further, our study proffers an approach to ascertain determinants of species distributions in a hypothesis testing framework.
Life‐history of the spiny butterfly ray, Gymnura altavela (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes), kept under human care in a marine aquarium
Authors: Teixeira‐Leite Clara V. , Marcante Santana Francisco , Franco Valle Rafael , Takasuka Veronica , Felix de Góes Matheus , Peruch Bonatelli Shayra , Santos Sergio Ricardo , Vianna Marcelo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Rio de Janeiro Marine Aquarium (AquaRio) is the first to successfully maintain and reproduce the spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela), providing unique information about the species' biology. Seven rays were kept in captivity between 2018 and 2023, two captured on the southeastern coast of Brazil and five born in the aquarium. The applied abiotic conditions and nutrition allowed for the survival, growth, and reproduction of these individuals. Growth parameters (asymptotic disk width—DW∞ and growth coefficient—k) were estimated based on the von Bertalanffy model using the Fabens method for males and females separately. The best models estimated DW∞ = 106.47 cm and k = 0.396 for males and DW∞ = 172.2 cm and k = 0.190 for females. Sexual dimorphism was corroborated, with females reaching larger sizes and presenting slower growth rates than males. The estimated k values were higher than those estimated for rays of similar size to G. altavela in the natural environment, probably due to the constant water temperature (around 25.5°C), food abundance, low population density, reduced predation rates, and high water quality in the captive environment. A comparison of the captivity findings with other studies on G. altavela age and growth in the Atlantic and Mediterranean indicates a broad phenotypic plasticity regarding growth. Three G. altavela reproductions were recorded, with size at birth appearing to be a key factor for pup's survival. Behavioral pattern observations associated with reproduction are also described, encompassing chasing and copulation, whereas the species’ internal morphology is described through coelomic cavity ultrasound scanning.
Designing a Data Privacy Course
Authors: Sheridan Patricia M. , Waldman Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractToday's college students increasingly rely on technology in their daily activities, and a basic awareness of data privacy is becoming essential from both a personal and professional standpoint. This article describes the design of an interdisciplinary undergraduate course focused on data privacy law. It outlines the key content areas that encompass the foundational principles of this emerging field and includes descriptions of hands‐on exercises that illustrate the technical and managerial elements of a comprehensive privacy compliance program. The course framework and sample assignments can serve as a model for other faculty seeking to teach data privacy law to undergraduate students.
Effect of Er,Cr: YSGG laser debonding treatment on the optical properties and surface roughness of ceramic laminate veneers: An in vitro study
Authors: Abo Zaid Amira , Ebeid Kamal , Wahsh Marwa , El Demellawy Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of (Er,Cr: YSGG) laser debonding treatment on optical properties and surface roughness of veneers made of different ceramic materials.Materials and MethodsThirty bovine incisors were prepared to receive laminate veneers and divided into three groups (n = 10) according to ceramic material where group (E): IPS e.max CAD, group (S): Vita Suprinity, and group (C): Celtra Duo. Blocks were sectioned into 0.5 mm thickness plates and cemented on the labial surface of incisors using resin cement. The Er,Cr: YSGG laser was applied to each specimen at 4.5 W and 25 Hz for group E and at 6 W and 25 Hz for groups S and C. Color change (△E00), translucency parameter (TP) and surface roughness in µm (Ra) values were measured and calculated before and after laser treatment. Data were analyzed using two‐way mixed model ANOVA at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsThe highest mean △E00 value was recorded in group E (1.35 ± 0.09) followed by group S (1.08 ± 0.16) and then group C (0.93 ± 0.10) with a significant difference between them (p < 0.001). All groups exceeded the perceptibility threshold but remained below the acceptability threshold. No statistically significant difference was found in TP except for group E (p = 0.019). Ra values after laser debonding showed significantly higher values than before laser treatment in all three groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionEr,Cr: YSGG laser can be safely used for debonding ceramic veneers without altering the optical properties but it does increase the roughness of debonded ceramic restorations.
Impact of particle size of cereals and soyabean meal on the intestinal development of weanling pigs and growth performance after an enteric challenge with F4‐positive enterotoxigenic E. coli
Authors: Hulshof Tetske G. , Resink Jan Willem , Van Hees Hubèrt M. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objectives were to determine the interactive effect of particle size of soyabean meal (SBM) and whole wheat, barley and wheat bran (CER) on growth performance of weanling pigs after an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 challenge (Experiment 1) and on gastrointestinal (GIT) development immediately after weaning (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 consisted of 192 pigs (24 ± 3 days of age; 7.4 ± 1.1 kg weaning bodyweight [BW]) selected for Escherichia coli (E. coli) F4 susceptibility. Pigs were given an oral E. coli inoculum at postweaning day 7, to induce an enteric health challenge. Experiment 2 consisted of 40 pigs (24 ± 3 days of age; 7.2 ± 1.0 kg weaning BW) that were killed on postweaning day 8 or 9, to determine the effects of particle size on GIT development and functionality. Four experimental diets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design: (1) coarse CER and coarse SBM, (2) coarse CER and fine SBM (CERcSBMf), (3) fine CER and coarse SBM, or (4) fine CER and fine SBM (CERfSBMf). Results showed no interaction between SBM and CER coarseness on growth performance, GIT development and functionality. Diarrhoea incidence was higher (p < 0.05) for CERfSBMf during the 2 weeks following the E. coli challenge compared to the other diets. Daily gain and feed intake during this period were higher (p < 0.05) for pigs fed CERc compared to CERf. Empty stomach weight tended to be greater by 8% (p = 0.09) for CERc compared to CERf. Gastric protein (p = 0.05) and starch (p = 0.04) disappearances were greater for SBMf compared to SBMc. Thus, CERcSBMf resulted in the best growth performance and lowest diarrhoea incidence during the 2 weeks following the E. coli challenge, which may be explained by changes in stomach functionality but not by changes in other parts of the GIT.
The biogeographic and evolutionary processes shaping population divergence in Laupala
Authors: Blankers Thomas , Shaw Kerry L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpeciation generates biodiversity and the mechanisms involved are thought to vary across the tree of life and across environments. For example, well‐studied adaptive radiations are thought to be fuelled by divergent ecological selection, but additionally are influenced heavily by biogeographic, genomic and demographic factors. Mechanisms of non‐adaptive radiations, producing ecologically cryptic taxa, have been less well‐studied but should likewise be influenced by these latter factors. Comparing among contexts can help pinpoint universal mechanisms and outcomes, especially if we integrate biogeographic, ecological and evolutionary processes. We investigate population divergence in the swordtail cricket Laupala cerasina, a wide‐spread endemic on Hawai'i Island and one of 38 ecologically cryptic Laupala species. The nine sampled populations show striking population genetic structure at small spatio‐temporal scales. The rapid differentiation among populations and species of Laupala shows that neither a specific geographical context nor ecological opportunity are pre‐requisites for rapid divergence. Spatio‐temporal patterns in population divergence, population size change, and gene flow are aligned with the chronosequence of the four volcanoes on which L. cerasina occurs and reveal the composite effects of geological dynamics and Quaternary climate change on population dynamics. Spatio‐temporal patterns in genetic variation along the genome reveal the interplay of genetic and genomic architecture in shaping population divergence. In early phases of divergence, we find elevated differentiation in genomic regions harbouring mating song loci. In later stages of divergence, we find a signature of linked selection that interacts with recombination rate variation. Comparing our findings with recent work on complementary systems supports the conclusion that mostly universal factors influence the speciation process.
Dermoscopy aids in differentiating café‐au‐lait macules from congenital melanocytic nevi in patients with darker skin phototypes
Authors: Shah Asghar , Hawryluk Elena B. , Seiverling Elizabeth V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDermoscopy aids in the diagnosis and management of pigmented growths and disorders of pigmentation in children. However, there is limited literature on the dermoscopic appearance of café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) and congenital melanocytic nevi in patients with dark skin. We report two cases of young children with dark skin and many hyperpigmented patches in whom dermoscopy was utilized to accurately diagnose CALMs and facilitate testing for neurofibromatosis.