bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big thistle eats the little thistle: does unidirectional introgressive hybridization endanger the conservation of Onopordum hinojense?
Authors: Balao Francisco , Casimiro‐Soriguer Ramón , García‐Castaño Juan Luis , Terrab Anass , Talavera Salvador 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Hybridization is known to have a creative role in plant evolution. However, it can also have negative effects on parental species. Onopordum is a large genus whose species frequently hybridize. In the Southwest Iberian Peninsula, the rare O. hinojense co‐occurs with the widely distributed O. nervosum, and hybrids between these two taxa have been described as O. × onubense.

In this study we determine the extinction risk in a hybrid zone, both for hybrids and parentals, using analyses of morphological and cytogenetic traits as well as genetic markers and demographic models. To investigate the introgression process we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, Bayesian analyses and genome scan methods.

Morphology, genome size and molecular markers confirmed homoploid hybridization and also indicated unidirectional backcrossing of F1 hybrids with O. nervosum, which is likely to swamp O. hinojense, the parental with lower pollen size and a very low fruit set (8%). Genome scan methods revealed several loci significantly deviating from neutrality. Finally, our demographic modeling indicated that the higher fitness of O. nervosum threats the survival of O. hinojense by demographic swamping.

Our study provides strong new evidence for a scenario of rapid extinction by unidirectional introgression and demographic swamping. The multifaceted approach used here sheds new light on the role of introgression in plant extinctions.
Metaphysical Healing and Health in the United States
Authors: Hendrickson Brett 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHealing has always been at the heart of metaphysical religious practice in the United States. This article discusses the American history of metaphysical healing from the colonial era to the present. It also examines the diverse characteristics that comprise this kind of healing, which include an emphasis on the power of the mind, the manipulation of omnipresent energy, alternative states of reality, complementary and alternative medicines, holistic health, and the re‐fashioning of non‐Western spiritualities. Mesmerism, spiritualism, New Thought, Christian Science, neo‐shamanism, and the New Age movement are examples of metaphysical healing traditions that are analyzed with special attention to their relationships with biomedicine, science, and Christianity. The article suggests that changing racial and ethnic minority engagements with metaphysical healing in combination with ongoing debates about cultural appropriation of so‐called global or universal wisdom promise to make this an increasingly complex subfield in the study of American religions.
Telemedicine, the effect of nurse‐initiated telephone follow up, on health status and health‐care utilization in COPD patients: A randomized trial
Authors: Berkhof Farida F. , van den Berg Jan W.K. , Uil Steven M. , Kerstjens Huib A.M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveTelemedicine, care provided by electronic communication, may serve as an alternative or extension to traditional outpatient visits. This pilot study determined the effects of telemedicine on health‐care utilization and health status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.MethodsOne hundred and one patients were randomized, 52 patients received telemedicine care and 49 had traditional outpatient visits. The primary outcome was COPD‐specific health status, measured with the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ). Secondary outcomes included St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and resource use in primary and secondary care.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 68 ± 9 years and the mean per cent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 40.4 ± 12.5. The CCQ total score deteriorated by 0.14 ± 0.13 in the telemedicine group, and improved by −0.03 ± 0.14 in the control group (difference 0.17 ± 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.21–0.55, P = 0.38). The CCQ symptom domain showed a significant and clinically relevant difference in favour of the control group, 0.52 ± 0.24 (95% CI: 0.04–0.10, P = 0.03). Similar results were found for the SGRQ, whereas results for SF‐36 were inconsistent. Patients in the control group had significantly fewer visits to the pulmonologist in comparison to patients in the telemedicine group (P = 0.05). The same trend, although not significant, was found for exacerbations after 6 months.ConclusionsThis telemedicine model of initiated phone calls by a health‐care provider had a negative effect on health status and resource use in primary and secondary care, in comparison with usual care and therefore cannot be recommended in COPD patients in its current form.
Repeated inhalation of sevoflurane inhibits airway inflammation in an OVA‐induced mouse model of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Shen Qi‐Ying , Fang Lei , Wu Hui‐Mei , He Fang , Ding Pei‐Shan , Liu Rong‐Yu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveRepeated inhalation of sevoflurane (SVF) can benefit asthmatic patients by bronchodilation. However, the impact of repeated inhalation of SVF on allergic airway inflammation has not been clarified. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of repeated inhalation of SVF on airway inflammation in mice.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and treated by inhalation with SVF or vehicle daily for seven consecutive days, immediately followed by OVA challenge. Airway inflammation was evaluated by counting the numbers of different types of inflammatory infiltrates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histology, cytokine measurements and mucus production in individual mice.ResultsIn comparison with the OVA group, repeated inhalation of SVF significantly reduced the numbers of total cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), and the levels of BALF tumour necrosis factor‐α and lung high‐mobility group box 1 (P < 0.01), accompanied by elevated levels of BALF interleukin‐10 in allergic mice (P < 0.05). Repeat inhalation of SVF decreased the levels of serum OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mitigated allergic airway epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in allergic mice (P < 0.01).ConclusionsRepeated inhalation of SVF inhibits allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory infiltrates, improving the imbalance of cytokine responses and mitigating allergen‐specific IgE responses and goblet cell hyperplasia in mice.
Point Pattern Analysis for Clusters Influenced by Linear Features: An Application for Mosquito Larval Sites
Authors: Li Li , Bian Ling , Rogerson Peter , Yan Guiyun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough many statistical approaches have been developed to quantify and assess spatial point patterns, the challenge to analyze complicated patterns has yet to be met. Statistics that describe the level of clustering usually assume that point events are isotropic. Many point events are influenced by linear features and clusters of these point events often have an elongated shape. Existing statistical cluster detection approaches often ignore these types of processes. This study proposes a new method, termed an L‐function analysis for clusters influenced by linear features (L‐Function‐l) to test anisotropic point patterns with respect to the orientation of nearby linear features. To explicitly account for the influence of the underlying linear features on the point events, a number of ellipses with varying lengths, orientations and eccentricities are used to replace the circles that are drawn in the original L‐function analysis. A case study of testing anisotropically clustered patterns of mosquito larval sites is used to illustrate the application of this method. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides a more flexible and comprehensive description of point patterns than the original L‐function analysis.
Remote Sensing Image On‐Demand Computing Schema for theChinaZY‐3 Satellite Private Cloud‐Computing Platform
Authors: Guo Wei , She Bing , Zhu Xinyan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTime is a crucial factor for many remote sensing applications such as emergency response. The traditional approach requires users to spend a lot of time downloading, processing, and viewing satellite images with specialized software. Realizing interactive real‐time processing and visualization of satellite images online is our focus. This article presents an On‐Demand computing schema for remote sensing images. A processing chain model is proposed for satellite images on a private cloud computing platform designed for the China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application (CCRSDA). The architecture, processing flow, optimization method, fault tolerance, and user interface are described in detail. To test the efficiency and scalability of the platform, 11 processing chains were created and three load balance experiments were executed. The results from these experiments show the validity of the proposed methods and architecture.
Triangulating Social Multimedia Content for Event Localization using Flickr and Twitter
Authors: Panteras George , Wise Sarah , Lu Xu , Croitoru Arie , Crooks Andrew , Stefanidis Anthony 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe analysis of social media content for the extraction of geospatial information and event‐related knowledge has recently received substantial attention. In this article we present an approach that leverages the complementary nature of social multimedia content by utilizing heterogeneous sources of social media feeds to assess the impact area of a natural disaster. More specifically, we introduce a novel social multimedia triangulation process that uses both Twitter and Flickr content in an integrated two‐step process: Twitter content is used to identify toponym references associated with a disaster; this information is then used to provide approximate orientation for the associated Flickr imagery, allowing us to delineate the impact area as the overlap of multiple view footprints. In this approach, we practically crowdsource approximate orientations from Twitter content and use this information to orient Flickr imagery accordingly and identify the impact area through viewshed analysis and viewpoint integration. This approach enables us to avoid computationally intensive image analysis tasks associated with traditional image orientation, while allowing us to triangulate numerous images by having them pointed towards the crowdsourced toponym location. The article presents our approach and demonstrates its performance using a real‐world wildfire event as a representative application case study.
English and the linguistic ecology of Malaysia
Authors: HASHIM AZIRAH 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Southeast Asian region is undergoing rapid social, economic and cultural change brought about by movements of capital, people and ideas within and beyond the region. The dynamics of independence, nation‐building and globalization have had an impact on most of the nation‐states in the region, many of which attained independence only in the second half of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the development of Malaysia's language ecology within the context of nation‐building, its embedding in the Southeast Asian region, and the global challenges it seeks to meet. Malaysia's languages are an essential component of the nation's ability to communicate internally in a multilingual country and externally to the region and the world. The interplay of English with Malay and other languages, and the tensions that arise and call for responses in education and other domains like the law in the wider multilingual situation are also discussed.
Evaluating the Generalizability of a Large Streamlined Cardiovascular Trial
Authors: Yeh Robert W. , Czarny Matthew J. , Normand Sharon-Lise T. , Kereiakes Dean J. , Holmes David R. , Brindis Ralph G. , Weaver W. Douglas , Rumsfeld John S. , Roe Matthew T. , Kim Sunghee , Driscoll-Shempp Priscilla , Mauri Laura 
Published: November 2014

Background—
The Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study is large streamlined clinical trial designed to evaluate antiplatelet treatment strategies in a broadly inclusive population of subjects treated with coronary stents. Whether large streamlined trials can successfully include a representative group of study sites and patients has not been formally assessed.

Methods and Results—
Within the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry, we compared characteristics and outcomes of hospitals participating versus not participating in the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study. We also compared clinical and procedural characteristics of trial subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents to contemporaneous patients within the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry. Standardized differences between groups were estimated. Between September 2009 and July 2011, 1.1 million PCIs were performed among 1276 hospitals, of which 309 (24.2%) participated in the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study. Participating hospitals were larger (468 versus 311 beds), more frequently located in urban settings (61.2% versus 42.6%), and had higher annual PCI volumes (858 versus 378) compared with nonparticipating hospitals, although hospital case mix and procedural outcomes were similar. Compared with CathPCI patients, trial patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents were similar with respect to race, sex, and rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking, although they had lower rates of prior cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions—
Within the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study, clinical trial sites had similar patient case mix and clinical outcomes as nonparticipating sites. Although trial participants were representative of PCI patients with respect to race, sex and most comorbidities, they had a lower prevalence of chronic cardiovascular disease compared with registry patients. Although a streamlined cardiovascular clinical trial may successfully involve a large number of hospitals and rapidly enroll a diverse population of patients, differences between eligible patients and those actually enrolled remained.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00977938.
Global Coronary Flow Reserve Is Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Events Independently of Luminal Angiographic Severity and Modifies the Effect of Early Revascularization
Authors: Taqueti Viviany R. , Hachamovitch Rory , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Naya Masanao , Foster Courtney R. , Hainer Jon , Dorbala Sharmila , Blankstein Ron , Di Carli Marcelo F. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Coronary flow reserve (CFR), an integrated measure of focal, diffuse, and small-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), identifies patients at risk for cardiac death. We sought to determine the association between CFR, angiographic CAD, and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Consecutive patients (n=329) referred for invasive coronary angiography after stress testing with myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography were followed (median 3.1 years) for cardiovascular death and heart failure admission. The extent and severity of angiographic disease were estimated with the use of the CAD prognostic index, and CFR was measured noninvasively by positron emission tomography. A modest inverse correlation was seen between CFR and CAD prognostic index (
r
=−0.26;
P
<0.0001). After adjustment for clinical risk score, ejection fraction, global ischemia, and early revascularization, CFR and CAD prognostic index were independently associated with events (hazard ratio for unit decrease in CFR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–3.40;
P
=0.008; hazard ratio for 10-U increase in CAD prognostic index, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.34;
P
=0.032). Subjects with low CFR experienced rates of events similar to those of subjects with high angiographic scores, and those with low CFR or high CAD prognostic index showed the highest risk of events (
P
=0.001). There was a significant interaction (
P
=0.039) between CFR and early revascularization by coronary artery bypass grafting, such that patients with low CFR who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, but not percutaneous coronary intervention, experienced event rates comparable to those with preserved CFR, independently of revascularization.

Conclusions—
CFR was associated with outcomes independently of angiographic CAD and modified the effect of early revascularization. Diffuse atherosclerosis and associated microvascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular death and heart failure, and impact the outcomes of revascularization.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies of Human Time Perception: A Primer
Authors: Wiener Martin 
Published: November 2014

The study of the neural basis of time perception has seen a resurgence of interest within the past decade. A variety of these studies have included the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive technique for stimulating discrete regions of the surface of the brain. Here, the results of these studies are reviewed and their conclusions are interpreted within a context-dependent framework. However, the use of TMS as an investigatory technique has much unexplored potential that may be particularly beneficial to the study of time perception. As such, considerations are made regarding the design of TMS studies of time perception and future directions are outlined that may be utilized to further elucidate the neural basis of timing in the human brain.
Thestral incognitus, a new genus and species of Pentatomidae from Chile (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini)
Authors: FAÚNDEZ EDUARDO I. , RIDER DAVID A. 
Published: November 2014

Thestral incognitus, new genus and species of Pentatomidae (Pentatominae: Carpocorini) is described from central Chile. The relationships among this new genus and other South American genera are discussed. Also, similarities are noted between Thestral and the Australian genus Poecilotoma. Poecilotoma is tentatively placed in the Carpocorini. A key to aid in the recognition of the genera of Chilean Carpocorini is provided.
A Further Study of ENSO Rectification: Results from an OGCM with a Seasonal Cycle*
Authors: Hua Lijuan , Yu Yongqiang , Sun De-Zheng 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The potential role that rectification of ENSO plays as a viable mechanism to generate climate anomalies on the decadal and longer time scales demands a thorough study of this process. In this paper, rectification of ENSO was studied using an ocean GCM that has a realistic seasonal cycle. In addition to conducting a pair of forced ocean GCM experiments with and without ENSO fluctuations, as done in a previous study, a forced experiment was also conducted with the sign of wind anomalies reversed, with the goal of clarifying the role of the asymmetry in the wind forcing and more generally to better understand the nonlinear dynamics responsible for the rectification. It is found that the rectification effect of ENSO is to cool the western Pacific warm pool and warm the eastern equatorial Pacific. Further, it is found that when the sign of the wind stress anomalies is reversed the impact of the rectification on the mean state remains almost unchanged. This lack of change is further explained by noting that the upper-ocean temperature and velocity anomalies (T′, u′, υ′, and w′) are found to respond to the wind stress anomalies linearly, except for the strongest El Niño years. Thus, the correlation between T′ and (u′, υ′, w′) [and thus the nonlinear dynamical heating (NDH)] remains the same when the sign of the wind stress anomalies is reversed. Indeed, the spatial patterns of NDH in all four seasons are found to resemble the rectified effect of ENSO in the mean temperature field in the respective seasons, indicating the critical role of NDH in the rectification.
A theoretical approach to optimal association control in vehicular Wi-Fi networks
Authors: Hwang Jaeryong , Choi Jaehyuk , Yoo Joon , Kim Chong-kwon 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The recent ubiquitous deployment of Wi-Fi access points (APs) has offered vehicles to use the high-speed and low-cost Internet service via the roadside APs. However, the high mobility of vehicles and the limited coverage of APs render some challenges. First, it results in frequent handoffs, thus leading to long delay and low service availability. Second, the available AP sets and their channel quality change dynamically, making the AP selection problem even harder. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop an efficient association control mechanism that provides efficient vehicular Wi-Fi access. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework to formulate the optimal association problem through non-linear integer programming, whose objective function is to maximize the throughput or to minimize the handoff overhead. We show that this problem holds the totally unimodular (TU) property and is thus solvable in polynomial time. Then, we study the optimality of association control by comparing existing online algorithms through real trace-based simulations. The results show that there exists a large performance gap between the performance of existing online algorithms and the optimal one. We also observe that the association control algorithm can be further improved if it has access to future knowledge. Particularly, the offline optimal with future AP information improves the performance of the local optimal by up to 10%.
Inferring disease transmission networks at a metapopulation level
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Liu Jiming , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Cheung William KW 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
To investigate transmission patterns of an infectious disease, e.g., malaria, it is desirable to use the observed surveillance data to discover the underlying (often hidden) disease transmission networks. Previous studies have provided methods for inferring information diffusion networks in which each node corresponds to an individual person. However, in the case of disease transmission, to effectively propose and implement intervention strategies, it is more realistic and reasonable for policy makers to study the diffusion patterns at a metapopulation level when the disease transmission is affected by mobile population, that is, to consider disease transmission networks in which nodes represent subpopulations, and links indicate their interrelationships.

Results
A network inference method called NetEpi (Network Epidemic) is developed and evaluated using both synthetic and real-world datasets. The experimental results show that NetEpi can not only recover most of the ground-truth disease transmission networks using only surveillance data, but also find a malaria transmission network based on a real-world dataset. The inferred malaria network can characterize the real-world observations to a certain extent. In addition, it also discloses some hidden phenomenon.

Conclusions
This research addresses the problem of inferring disease transmission networks at a metapopulation level. Such networks can be useful in several ways: (i) to investigate hidden impact factors that influence epidemic dynamics, (ii) to reveal possible sources of epidemic outbreaks, and (iii) to practically develop and/or improve strategies for controlling the spread of infectious diseases.