bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing offsets between the δ13C of sedimentary components and the global exogenic carbon pool across early Paleogene carbon cycle perturbations
Authors: Sluijs Appy , Dickens Gerald R. 
Published: September 2012

Negative stable carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) across the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) range between 2‰ and 7‰, even after discounting sections with truncated records. Individual carbon isotope records differ in shape and magnitude from variations in the global exogenic carbon cycle through changes in (1) the relative abundance of mixed components with different δ13C within a measured substrate, (2) isotope fractionation through physiological change, and (3) the isotope composition of the carbon source. All three factors likely influence many early Paleogene δ13C records, especially across the PETM and other hyperthermal events. We apply these concepts to late Paleocene–early Eocene (∼58–52 Ma) records from Lomonosov Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Linear regression analyses show correlations between the δ13C of total organic carbon (TOC) and two proxies for the relative contribution of terrestrial organic components to sediment TOC: the branched and isoprenoid tetraether index and palynomorphs. We use these correlations to subtract the terrestrial component from δ13CTOC and calculate marine organic matter δ13C. The results show that the magnitude of the CIE in δ13CTOC across the PETM is exaggerated relative to the magnitude of the CIE in δ13CMOM by ∼3‰ due to increased contributions of terrestrial organic carbon during the event. Collectively, all carbon isotope records across the PETM and other major climate–carbon cycle perturbations in Earth's history are potentially biased through one or more of the above factors. Indeed, it is highly unlikely that any δ13C record shows the true shape and magnitude of the CIE for the global exogenic carbon cycle. For the PETM, we conclude that CIE in the exogenic carbon cycle is likely <4‰, but it will take additional analyses and modeling to obtain an accurate value for this CIE.
The detection of energetic electrons with the Cassini Langmuir probe at Saturn
Authors: Garnier P. , Wahlund J.‐E. , Holmberg M. K. G. , Morooka M. , Grimald S. , Eriksson A. , Schippers P. , Gurnett D. A. , Krimigis S. M. , Krupp N. , Coates A. , Crary F. , Gustafsson G. 
Published: September 2012

The Cassini Langmuir probe, part of the Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument, has provided a wealth of information about the cold and dense plasma in the Saturnian system. The analysis of the ion side current (current for negative potentials) measured by the probe from 2005 to 2008 reveals also a strong sensitivity to energetic electrons (250–450 eV). These electrons impact the surface of the probe, and generate a detectable current of secondary electrons. A broad secondary electrons current region is inferred from the observations in the dipole L Shell range of ∼6–10, with a peak full width at half maximum (FWHM) at L = 6.4–9.4 (near the Dione and Rhea magnetic dipole LShell values). This magnetospheric flux tube region, which displays a large day/night asymmetry, is related to the similar structure in the energetic electron fluxes as the one measured by the onboard Electron Spectrometer (ELS) of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS). It corresponds spatially to both the outer electron radiation belt observed by the Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) at high energies and to the low‐energy peak which has been observed since the Voyager era. Finally, a case study suggests that the mapping of the current measured by the Langmuir probe for negative potentials can allow to identify the plasmapause‐like boundary recently identified at Saturn, and thus potentially identify the separation between the closed and open magnetic field lines regions.
First‐principles physics of cusp/polar cap thermospheric disturbances
Authors: Carlson Herbert C. , Spain Timothy , Aruliah Anasuya , Skjaeveland Asmund , Moen Joran 
Published: September 2012

This first‐principles examination of physics driving the cusp/polar upper thermosphere response to significant input energy impulses discloses previously unappreciated factors essential to thermospheric input‐response relationships. The physics essential to coupling of cusp input‐response processes is detailed, to make previously unexplained up‐to‐doubling of air density and drag near 400 km not only understandable but expected, if not inevitable. Presented as a common natural consequence of magnetic reconnection near the magnetopause, this energy‐coupling from sun to upper atmosphere is through familiar processes, but by inadequately appreciated linkages. The underlying physics applies more broadly than this. We trace a logic path that should clarify the input‐response, and lay out a path which if followed should enable most existing time‐dependent 3‐D global thermospheric models to significantly improve the realism of their representation and prediction of cusp/polar thermosphere disturbances to transient energy sources. We illustrate the concept with a sample model‐run incorporating representative data.
Spatial and temporal variability of global ocean mixing inferred from Argo profiles
Authors: Whalen C. B. , Talley L. D. , MacKinnon J. A. 
Published: September 2012

The influence of turbulent ocean mixing transcends its inherently small scales to affect large scale ocean processes including water‐mass transformation, stratification maintenance, and the overturning circulation. However, the distribution of ocean mixing is not well described by sparse ship‐based observations since this mixing is both spatially patchy and temporally intermittent. We use strain information from Argo float profiles in the upper 2,000 m of the ocean to generate over 400,000 estimates of the energy dissipation rate, indicative of ocean mixing. These estimates rely on numerous assumptions, and do not take the place of direct measurement methods. Temporally averaged estimates reveal clear spatial patterns in the parameterized dissipation rate and diffusivity distribution across all the oceans. They corroborate previous observations linking elevated dissipation rates to regions of rough topography. We also observe heightened estimated dissipation rates in areas of high eddy kinetic energy, as well as heightened diffusivity in high latitudes where stratification is weak. The seasonal dependence of mixing is observed in the Northwest Pacific, suggesting a wind‐forced response in the upper ocean.
Political Economy of the Sovereign Debt Crisis: The Limits of Internal Devaluation
Authors: Armingeon Klaus , Baccaro Lucio 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article makes three interrelated arguments: first, the sovereign debt crisis is more complex than a simple story about fiscally irresponsible governments which now are being forced by international financial markets to tighten their belts. Ultimately, it is the result of a political decision to create a currency union among economically non-homogenous countries without making any provision for the use of democratically legitimated fiscal transfers to correct asymmetric shocks. Second, the internal devaluation policy which is being imposed on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain is ineffective and counterproductive. Internal devaluation depresses growth, and the absence of growth requires further austerity for government to regain their fiscal credibility, thus generating a vicious cycle. Third, while national governments continue to be held electorally accountable by citizens, they have lost any meaningful ability to choose among alternative policy options and, as a result, implement everywhere pretty much the same, deeply unpopular austerity package. This situation threatens not just the future viability of the Euro but of the European project as a whole.
Impact of ISO 9000 certification on firm performance: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Starke Francisco , Eunni Rangamohan V. , Manoel Martins Dias Fouto Nuno , Felisoni de Angelo Claudio 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ISO 9000 certification on three dimensions of firm performance that are theoretically derived to have a relationship with the adoption of ISO 9000 standards, namely, sales revenue, cost of goods sold/sales revenue, and the asset turnover ratio (sales/total assets).Design/methodology/approachEmploying a panel data approach covering all publicly traded companies in Brazil that had adopted the ISO 9000 standards from 1995 to 2006, the authors investigate the impact of the certification on firm performance using three categories of economic regression models: the pooling of cutting data with ordinary least squares, the fixed effects and the random effects.FindingsISO 9000 certification is found to be associated with an increase in sales revenues, decrease in cost of goods sold/sales revenue and increase in the asset turnover ratios of the certified firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings suggest that companies large or small, irrespective of their capital structure (i.e. debt/equity) and cutting across industries will benefit from the adoption of ISO 9000 standards. However, the extent to which firms benefit from such adoption is likely to vary. Moreover, the generalizability of the research findings is limited by the size of the sample.Originality/valueThe paper's chief contribution lies in the validation of the signaling theory in the context of business organizations and extending the domain of research on this topic to emerging markets generally.
Reliable registration of LiDAR data and aerial images without orientation parameters
Authors: Li Hui , Zhong Cheng , Huang Xianfeng 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe fusion of aerial imagery and LiDAR point clouds are considered as one of the most promising approaches for many fields, such as 3D city reconstruction and tree detection. The purpose of this paper is to achieve reliable registering LiDAR data and aerial images without orientation parameters based on a progressive optimizing process.Design/methodology/approachFirst, combination of edges and their corners is extracted and considered as registration primitives; then search conjugate primitives globally with a suitable buffer of each edge; after that, a progressive algorithm is adopted to optimize the registration; finally, error analysis and data fusion are carried out.FindingsAfter a progressive optimum algorithm, the number and the distribution of the matched pairs are sufficient for generation of reliable and accurate orientation parameters. The results show RMS of residual errors gets close to one DSM cell, which is equal to or even better than that in other literatures.Originality/valueThe method proposed in the paper is feasible and effective to generate reliable and accurate registering results.
Experimental characterization and diagnostics of the early‐age behavior of a semi‐integral abutment FRP deck bridge
Authors: Gangone Michael V. , Whelan Matthew J. , Janoyan Kerop D. , Minnetyan Levon 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to further validate a wireless sensor system developed at Clarkson University for structural monitoring of highway bridges. The particular bridge monitored employs a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) panel system which is fairly innovative in the field of civil engineering design. The superstructure was monitored on two separate occasions to determine a change in structural response and see how the structural system performs over time.Design/methodology/approachA series of wireless sensor units was deployed at various locations of the steel superstructure, to measure both the modal response from acceleration measurements as well as quasi‐static and dynamic strain response. Ambient and forced loading conditions were applied to measure the response. Data results were compared over two separate periods approximately nine months apart.FindingsThe first eight mode shapes were produced from output‐only system identification providing natural frequencies ranging from approximately 6 to 42 Hz. The strain response was monitored over two different testing periods to measure various performance characteristics. Neutral axis, distribution factor, impact factor and end fixity were determined. Results appeared to be different over the two testing periods. They indicate that the load rating of the superstructure decreased over the nine month period, possibly due to deterioration of the materials or composite action.Research limitations/implicationsThe results from the two testing periods indicate that further testing needs to be completed to validate the change in response. It is difficult to say with certainty that the significant change in response is due to bridge deterioration and not other factors such as temperature effects on load rating. The sensor system, however, proved to provide high quality data and responses indicating its successful deployment for load testing and monitoring of highway infrastructure.Originality/valueThe paper provides a depiction of the change in structural behavior of a bridge superstructure using a wireless sensor system. The wireless system provided high‐rate data transmission in real time. Load testing at two different points in time, eight months apart, showed a significant change in bridge behavior. The paper provides a practical and actual physical load test and rating during these two periods for quantifiable change in response. It is shown that the wireless system is capable of infrastructure monitoring and that possible deterioration is expected with this particular bridge design. Additionally, the load testing occurred during different seasons, which could create cause for temperature effects in load rating. This can provide a basis for future performance monitoring techniques and structural health monitoring.
Challenging and reinforcing gender boundaries at work
Authors: Leinonen Minna 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse management and employee experiences of gender divisions at work and to reflect on gender boundaries using the method of democratic dialogue. It also considers the use of experiences in efforts supporting workplace democracy.Design/methodology/approachFinnish action research project sought to promote both gender equality and democratic dialogue. Content analysis is applied on group discussions on promoting gender equality at work.FindingsGender divisions in organizations were widely recognized. Challenges arose from the incompatibility of images of gender and gendered images of work. Participants’ perspectives varied depending on their hierarchical position.Research limitations/implicationsDemocratic dialogue provides tools to approach sensitive topics that need special attention in promoting gender equality.Practical implicationsWork organizations need to use forums that bring together management and employee perspectives with a gender‐sensitive approach to support workplace democracy.Originality/valueThe paper shows that, to enable change, the understandings of gender and gender equality have to be negotiated on the local level and in a way that connects to participants’ realities and experiences.
Knowledge management fishbone: a standard framework of organizational enablers
Authors: Kamhawi Emad M. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to craft and test a framework for the link between knowledge management (KM) and performance in organizations, with a view of providing a deeper understanding of the different KM output levels or stages that this link goes through, as well as highlighting the organizational context of each level in that link.Design/methodology/approachA survey method was used to elicit opinions from 167 mid‐ and top‐level managers from the top 81 Bahraini businesses.FindingsThe study results produced a fishbone model. Its spine positioned knowledge management activities as the first output level, leading to innovation as the second, which in turn impacts the organization's level of agility, and finally links to performance as the head of that skeletal model.Research limitations/implicationsThe results highlight the different organizational enablers for these stages, which have been diagrammed as the ribs of the fish skeleton‐like model.Originality/valueThe framework may become a standard model, i.e. may work as a reference for academics and practitioners to help evaluate which KM level needs to be emphasized, at what time, and then what critical factors managers should work on, in order to maximize the organization's outcome from each stage of the model.
A participative research for learning methodology on education doctoral training programmes
Authors: Garland Paul , Garland Irene 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to outline a participative approach to researching education doctoral students' trajectories that functions both as a form of training in research methodology and as a means of reflection on the doctoral trajectory and what doctoral students have brought to the doctoral process through their experience.Design/methodology/approachTen participants formed dyads and acted as both researchers and subjects of research, using narrative accounts and interviews. The collaborative approach aimed to allow “hands‐on” experience of the selected methods, as well as full engagement in negotiating each stage of the project.FindingsProject group meetings and the data generated by participants provided a rich source of learning about methodological issues in education research, in addition to the personal understandings emerging from such a project.Originality/valueThis project reports an approach to “hands‐on” learning of methodological and ethical issues within doctoral development programmes that could be adapted for use on similar programmes. It suggests an alternative to the more common forms of doctoral training (such as exposition, discussion, reading, or simulation) that is of real value to doctoral students in that it enables deep reflection on the journeys that have brought students to doctoral study, whilst at the same time providing a rich resource for methodological learning.
Using structured writing retreats to support novice researchers
Authors: Petrova Petia , Coughlin Annika 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to disseminate to a readership of researcher development professionals the authors' own experiences of having organised four writing retreats, and to share their tips for good practice.Design/methodology/approachAlthough the authors do draw upon references to pertinent literature, they choose a predominantly descriptive format. They detail the format of each retreat and present their reflections on the process of organising and delivering the retreats.FindingsRetreats are positive, inspirational and valuable to those involved. They provide an opportunity to participate in the practices that are generally central to an academic identity and that can help participants in their identity transitions.Research limitations/implicationsThis is not intended to be an academic article.Practical implicationsThe article can inform practice and provides practical recommendations for delivery of writing retreats.Social implicationsThe article incorporates discussion of the authors' experientially‐informed view that writing retreats offer supportive environments for developing early career researchers, and enabling their career growth through publishing, and often they provide opportunities for engaging with the academic community, which participants may not have experienced before.Originality/valueThere are few published articles that focus on writing retreats. What this article offers is a culmination of experiences from four different retreats. It has the potential to provide a reference point for academic developers and those considering writing retreats or related researcher development interventions.
Effect of intimate partner violence on postpartum women's health in northeastern Thailand
Authors: Saito Amornrat , Creedy Debra , Cooke Marie , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner, and the effects on health status of postpartum women who gave birth at two tertiary hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Participants were recruited during pregnancy and interviewed at 6 weeks' postpartum. Measures included the Short Form 12‐Item Health Survey, Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory, and Severity of Violence against Women scale. Participants reported high rates of psychological abuse, threats and/or acts of physical abuse, and sexual violence. Abused postpartum women had lower well‐being than non‐abused women on all Short Form 12‐Item Health Survey subscales, except the general health subscale. These women also had significant poorer health compared to non‐abused women, in social functioning and mental health. The study findings suggest that routine screening for intimate partner violence by maternity services is urgently needed.
Economic Nationalism: Theory, History and Prospects
Authors: Pryke Sam 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to understanding economic nationalism. It does this first through providing an appropriate definition of the term. Taking issue with the generalised remit of economic nationalism in recent writings, it suggests that it consists of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. Taking this definition, the subsequent history section identifies economic nationalism’s rise in the late 19th century, the impetus of crisis after 1929 and its institutionalisation after 1945. Simultaneously, the accelerating growth of world markets through greater exports undermined the reality of national economies. This takes us to the period after the financial crash of 2008. In its aftermath, commentators warned of a resurgence of economic nationalism, that is, protectionism. Some states did increase tariff levels but this has not led to a generalised increase in barriers to trade in the pursuit of national economies for interrelated reasons: (1) the integration and therefore interdependency of economies; (2) the complexity of the global economy, making it all but impossible to separate by nationality; (3) the greater extensity of world markets compared to the mid‐20th century; (4) the redundancy of the various models of economic nationalism.Policy Implications
Economic nationalism should be understood as a set of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. The rise and institutionalisation of economic nationalism in the 20th century was a product of economic crisis, nationalist movements and enlarged states.
There has been no ‘return of economic nationalism’ as in a generalised rise in protective barriers to trade since the financial crash of 2011. Unlike the 1930s, sovereign debt has not motivated states to withdraw from global markets.
The integration, complexity and extensity of the world’s economy mean that a reversal of trade as great as during the interwar period would entail an economic Armageddon. Whatever future ructions the world’s economy experiences due, above all, to chronic levels of sovereign debt, policy makers should be mindful of this reality.
Simultaneously, they should be aware that ongoing instability may entail greater economic nationalism. The key lesson from the period after the Second World War is relevant now at a more overtly global level: the importance of planning, regulation and respect for models of economic diversity to further global trade.