bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Agricultural Drought in Sri Lanka: 1881–2010
Authors: Gunda Thushara , Hornberger George M. , Gilligan Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA spatiotemporal analysis of two well‐known agricultural drought indices, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index at a 9‐month scale (SPI‐9), is presented for Sri Lanka. The analysis was conducted based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from January 1881 to December 2010 using 13 stations distributed across the three climatic zones of the country. Principal component analysis shows that the first two principal components of PDSI and SPI‐9 are spatially comparable and could physically represent the two main monsoons. A wavelet analysis of these principal components' scores for both indices indicates a stronger association between the Northeastern monsoon and El‐Niño in recent decades. Correlation analysis with agricultural metrics suggests that different indices might be appropriate for each of the climatic zones in Sri Lanka. PDSI correlated best with the intermediate zone districts; SPI‐9 correlated best with the dry zone districts; but neither index correlated well with the wet zone districts.
Amino acid‐derived betaines dominate as urinary markers for rye bran intake in mice fed high‐fat diet—A nontargeted metabolomics study
Authors: Pekkinen Jenna , Rosa‐Sibakov Natalia , Micard Valerie , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Lehtonen Marko , Poutanen Kaisa , Mykkänen Hannu , Hanhineva Kati 
Published: May 2015

ScopeBioprocessing of whole grain cereals may affect the bioavailability of phytochemicals associated with grain fiber and ultimately lead to different health outcomes. Here, we studied the impact of long‐term feeding with intact and bioprocessed rye bran on the urinary phytochemical profile of mice.Methods and resultsNontargeted hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐ESI‐qTOF‐MS metabolite profiling approach was applied on urine samples collected from three groups of diet‐induced obese mice fed for 8 weeks with one of the three diets: high‐fat (HF) control diet, HF diet enriched with intact rye bran, or HF diet enriched with bioprocessed rye bran. The most striking finding was the increased urinary excretion of several amino‐acid derived betaines after both rye diets. These included proline betaine, alanine betaine, valine betaine, phenylalanine betaine, pipecolic acid betaine, and trigonelline, but not glycine betaine. Furthermore, bioprocessing may have improved the bioavailability of rye‐derived phytochemicals, as higher increase in, e.g. ferulic acid and benzoxazinoid metabolites were observed in urine of mice fed with bioprocessed than intact rye bran.ConclusionUrinary excretion of various betaines was greatly increased in mice fed rye brans. Furthermore, bioprocessing of rye bran appears to serve as a beneficial way to improve the bioavailability of various phytochemicals.
Autobiographical memory in borderline personality disorder—A systematic review
Authors: Bech Morten , Elklit Ask , Simonsen Erik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBorderline personality disorder is a severe psychiatric illness. A key feature of the disorder is a disorganized sense of self often referred to as identity diffusion. Autobiographical memory is memory for personal life events. One of the main functions of these memories is to enable us to understand who we are by connecting past, present and future experiences. It seems that autobiographical memory is in some way disrupted in individuals with borderline personality disorder. A systematic review is conducted looking at studies that focus on the potential connections. We find that although a number of studies have been published results remain inconsistent. Furthermore, we find that many of the studies suffer from inadequate designs particularly regarding the reported measures of autobiographical memory. We discuss potential links between personality functioning, identity diffusion, autobiographical memory and borderline personality disorder. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of the A4B6 layered ferroelectrics: ab initio calculation
Authors: Koc Husnu , Simsek Sevket , Palaz Selami , Oltulu Oral , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have performed a first principles study of the structural, elastic and electronic properties of orthorhombic SnS and GeS compounds using the density functional theory within the local density approximation. The second‐order elastic constants have been calculated, and the other related quantities such as the Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, anisotropy factor, sound velocities, Debye temperature, and hardness have also been estimated in the present work. All of the calculated modulus and Poisson's ratio for SnS were less than the same parameters for GeS. Our calculations have discovered the large anisotropy of elastic parameters in the (100) and (010)‐planes for both compounds. The band structures of orthorhombic SnS and GeS have been calculated along high symmetry directions in the first Brillouin zone (BZ). The calculation results for the band gap of Sn(Ge)S gave Eg = 0.256 eV (0.852 eV) and has an indirect character for an interband transition. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric functions and (by using these results) the optical constant such as energy‐loss function, the effective number of valance electrons and the effective optical dielectric constant were calculated. All of the principal features and singularities of the dielectric functions for both compounds were found in the energy region between 2 eV and 20 eV. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 crystals using a crank ball mill
Authors: Yamada Suzuka , Noji Hideki , Okamoto Tomoichiro , Akaki Yoji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) crystals were synthesized by a mechanochemical (MC) process using a crank ball mill. The molar ratios of starting materials were Cu:In:Ga:Se=1:1‐x:x:2 (0≤x≤1) and Cu:In:Ga:Se=1:0.7:0.3:y (2≤y≤3). The reaction time reduced with decreasing Se and Ga molar ratios. The collection rate decreased with longer reaction times. From XRD patterns, we confirmed that the CuInSe2 and/or CuGaSe2crystals were successfully grown when the powders reacted. Although the crystals grown with a selenium molar ration of 2 were Se‐poor, those grown at a molar ratio of 3 were Se‐rich. When Se increasing molar ratio, Cu, In, and Ga were away from the stoichiometric. With a molar ratio of Cu:In:Ga:Se=1:0.7:0.3:2.5∼2.7, their composition became stoichiometric. Crystal morphology was varied. CIGS crystals were thus successfully synthesized using a crank ball mill. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio calculations of phonon dispersion and lattice dynamics in TlGaTe2
Authors: Jafarova Vusala , Orudzhev Guseyn , Paucar Raul , Alekperov Oktay , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki , Mamedov Nazim , Abdullayev Nadir , Najafov Arzu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis work reports the results of DFT‐based calculations of phonon spectra of TlGaTe2. The dispersion of phonon bands was calculated along the directions of Brillouin zone (BZ) that include symmetry points. The calculated phonon frequencies at the centre of BZ were compared with those obtained by Raman spectroscopy with the aid of a confocal laser microscopy system. A fairly good agreement between the calculated and experimental data was found. Complimentary, molar heat capacity at constant volume and Debye temperature were calculated in the range 5÷500 K on the base of the obtained phonon density of states. The obtained temperature dependencies were compared with available experimental data.The results of comparison were satisfactory. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Occurrences of the cool‐water dalmanelloid brachiopod Heterorthina in the Upper Ordovician of North America
Authors: Jin Jisuo , Harper David A. T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThrough a comparative study with the British type material, several dalmanelloid brachiopod species from the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch area of North America (Laurentia) are now confirmed to belong to Heterorthina Bancroft. These include several species previously treated variously as Dalmanella or Onniella, including such classic and widely cited species as ‘Dalmanella’ emacerata (Hall) and Dalmanella fairmountensis Foerste. These North American forms of Heterorthina belong to the dalmanelloid clade that is characterized by a dorsal medial interspace, and of cool to cold‐water origin. Outside of Laurentia, Heterorthina occurs predominantly in Avalonia and peri‐Gondwanan terranes, such as Iberia (Spain), Armorica (France) and Bohemia, palaeogeographically located between 40° and 60° south. The episodic occurrences of several Heterorthina species in the lower to middle Katian of the Cincinnati Arch area, located around 20°S in the Late Ordovician, are interpreted as opportunistic invasions of a cool‐water brachiopod fauna from higher palaeolatitudes, associated either with oceanic cooling events or with relatively cool deep‐water mass incursions during marine transgressions.
Theoretical Investigations on 4, 10‐Dinitro‐2, 6,8, 12‐tetraoxa‐4, 10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05, 903, 11]dodecane
Authors: Xiao‐Hong Li , Hui‐Xian Wang , Rui‐Zhou Zhang , Xian‐Zhou Zhang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBased on the full optimized molecular geometric structure at B3LYP/cc‐pvtz method, the newly designed compound 4, 10‐dinitro‐2, 6,8, 12‐tetraoxa‐4, 10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05, 903, 11]dodecane (TEX) was investigated. Additionally, the IR spectrum, the thermal stability, and the detonation performance were predicted. The obtained crystal structure of TEX belongs to Pbca space group and lattice parameters are Z = 8, a = 8.614 Å, b = 12.877 Å, c = 26.065 Å, ρ = 2.015 g·cm–3. Calculation results show that TEX has better detonation properties than HMX and is a high energy density compound with better stability.
Synthesis, Aggregation Behavior, and Electronic Properties of some Metallophthalocyanines with 2‐Isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy Substituents
Authors: Ağırtaş M. Salih , Karataş Ceyhun , Gümüş Selçuk 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform facile synthesis of novel phthalocyanines with high solubility. The synthesis and characterization of 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy substituted copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt phthalocyanines are reported. The compounds were characterized by using electronic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared and elemental analysis. The aggregation investigations carried out in different concentrations indicate that 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy substituted phthalocyanine complexes do not have any aggregation behavior for the concentration range of 1 × 10–5 to 1 × 10–6 M in THF. Additionally, the ground‐state geometries of the complexes were optimized using density functional theory methods at B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level in order to obtain information about the 3D geometries and electronic structure.
Hip reconstruction is more painful than spine fusion in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Shrader M. Wade , Jones John , Falk Mandy N. , White Greg R. , Burk David R. , Segal Lee S. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose Concerns about pain control in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are especially anxiety provoking for parents, given the fact that spasticity, communication issues, and postoperative muscle spasms are significant problems that make pain control difficult in these patients. A better understanding of the magnitude and quality of the pain these patients experience after our surgical procedures would better prepare the patients and their families. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of postoperative pain in children with CP undergoing hip reconstruction and spinal fusion. Specifically, the study will compare pain scores and the amount of narcotics used between the two groups. Materials and methods This is a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of children with CP (GMFCS levels IV and V) over a 5-year period undergoing hip reconstruction (femoral osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy, or both) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. The primary end point was the total opioid used by the patient during the hospitalization, by converting all forms of narcotics to morphine equivalents. The secondary end point was the documentation of pain with standard pain scores at standard time points postoperatively. Adverse effects related to pain management were documented for both groups. Student's t-tests were utilized to statistically compare differences between the groups, with significance determined at p < 0.05. Results Forty-two patients with CP who underwent hip reconstruction (mean age 8.8 years) were compared to 26 patients who underwent PSF (mean age 15.4 years). The total opioid used, normalized by body weight and by days length of stay (DLOS), in the hip group was 0.49 mg morphine/kg/DLOS, compared to 0.24 for the spine group ( p = 0.014). The mean pain score for the hip group was 1.52, compared to 0.72 for the spine group ( p = 0.013). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of adverse effects related to pain management between the two groups. Conclusion Patients with CP undergoing hip reconstruction surgery had significantly more pain, as exhibited by requiring more narcotics and having higher pain scores, than those patients undergoing PSF. The knowledge that hip reconstruction is more painful than PSF for patients with CP will better prepare families about what to expect in the postoperative period and will alert providers to supply better postoperative pain control in these patients. Level of evidence III (case control series).
Stories of “Success”: Narrative, Expertise, and Claims to Knowledge
Authors: Jones Briony 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the possibilities provided by narrative interviewing for critically assessing claims of success regarding reconciliation policies in Brčko District, Bosnia-Herzegovina. More specifically, the paper argues that such claims of success are based on claims to expertise. Certain understandings of the harm, i.e., the inter-ethnic violence committed during the 1992–1995 war, and of the policies designed to address it, i.e., reconciliation policies based on a logic of multi-ethnic living, gain credence based on the supposed expertise of particular actors. However, knowledge of harm and of the impact of policies designed to address it is produced through the subjectivity of different actors’ positionalities, and therefore assumptions about the figure of “the expert” need to be unsettled. This paper explores the possibilities offered by narrative interviewing and analysis for bringing to the fore the complicated ways in which expertise is produced in certain places at certain times.
On the formation of axial corner vortices during spin-up in a cylinder of square cross-section
Authors: Munro R. J. , Hewitt R. E. , Foster M. R. 
Published: May 2015

We present experimental and theoretical results for the adjustment of a fluid (homogeneous or linearly stratified), which is initially rotating as a solid body with angular frequency ${\it\Omega}-{\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}$, to a nonlinear increase ${\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}$ in the angular frequency of all bounding surfaces. The fluid is contained in a cylinder of square cross-section which is aligned centrally along the rotation axis, and we focus on the $O(\mathit{Ro}^{-1}{\it\Omega}^{-1})$ time scale, where $\mathit{Ro}={\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}/{\it\Omega}$ is the Rossby number. The flow development is shown to be dominated by unsteady separation of a viscous sidewall layer, leading to an eruption of vorticity that becomes trapped in the four vertical corners of the container. The longer-time evolution on the standard ‘spin-up’ time scale, $E^{-1/2}{\it\Omega}^{-1}$ (where $E$ is the associated Ekman number), has been described in detail for this geometry by Foster & Munro (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 712, 2012, pp. 7–40), but only for small changes in the container’s rotation rate (i.e. $\mathit{Ro}\ll 1$). In the linear case, for $\mathit{Ro}\ll E^{1/2}\ll 1$, there is no sidewall separation. In the present investigation we focus on the fully nonlinear problem, $\mathit{Ro}=O(1)$, for which the sidewall viscous layers are Prandtl boundary layers and (somewhat unusually) periodic around the container’s circumference. Some care is required in the corners of the container, but we show that the sidewall boundary layer breaks down (separates) shortly after an impulsive change in rotation rate. These theoretical boundary-layer results are compared with two-dimensional Navier–Stokes results which capture the eruption of vorticity, and these are in turn compared to laboratory observations and data. The experiments show that when the Burger number, $S=(N/{\it\Omega})^{2}$ (where $N$ is the buoyancy frequency), is relatively large – corresponding to a strongly stratified fluid – the flow remains (horizontally) two-dimensional on the $O(\mathit{Ro}^{-1}{\it\Omega}^{-1})$ time scale, and good quantitative predictions can be made by a two-dimensional theory. As $S$ was reduced in the experiments, three-dimensional effects were observed to become important in the core of each corner vortex, on this time scale, but only after the breakdown of the sidewall layers.
Determinants of dietary supplement use – healthy individuals use dietary supplements
Authors: Kofoed Christina L. F. , Christensen Jane , Dragsted Lars O. , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina 
Published: May 2015

The prevalence of dietary supplement use varies largely among populations, and previous studies have indicated that it is high in the Danish population compared with other European countries. The diversity in supplement use across countries indicates that cultural and environmental factors could influence the use of dietary supplements. Only few studies investigating the use of dietary supplements have been conducted in the Danish population. The present cross-sectional study is based on 54 948 Danes, aged 50–64 years, who completed self-administrated questionnaires on diet, dietary supplements and lifestyle between 1993 and 1997. A health index including smoking, physical activity, alcohol and diet, and a metabolic risk index including waist circumference, urinary glucose and measured hypertension were constructed. Logistic regression was used to investigate these determinants in relation to the intake of dietary supplements. We found that 71 % of the participants were dietary supplement users; female sex, older age groups and higher educated participants were more likely to be users of any dietary supplements. One additional point in the health index was associated with 19, 16 and 9 % higher likelihood of being user of any, more common and less common supplements, respectively. In the metabolic risk index, one additional point was associated with 17 and 16 % lower likelihood of being user of any supplement and more common supplements, respectively. No significant association was found for less common supplement use. In conclusion, those with the healthiest lifestyle were more likely to use dietary supplements. Thus, lifestyle and dietary composition should be considered as confounders on supplement use and health outcomes.
The stretch-length tradeoff in geometric networks: average case and worst case study
Authors: ALDOUS DAVID , LANDO TAMAR 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConsider a network linking the points of a rate-1 Poisson point process on the plane. Write Ψave(s) for the minimum possible mean length per unit area of such a network, subject to the constraint that the route-length between every pair of points is at moststimes the Euclidean distance. We give upper and lower bounds on the function Ψave(s), and on the analogous “worst-case” function Ψworst(s) where the point configuration is arbitrary subject to average density one per unit area. Our bounds are numerically crude, but raise the question of whether there is an exponent α such that each function has Ψ(s) ≍ (s− 1)−αass↓ 1.
Burgers Vector Analysis of Vertical Dislocations in Ge Crystals by Large-Angle Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Authors: Groiss Heiko , Glaser Martin , Marzegalli Anna , Isa Fabio , Isella Giovanni , Miglio Leo , Schäffler Friedrich 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBy transmission electron microscopy with extended Burgers vector analyses, we demonstrate the edge and screw character of vertical dislocations (VDs) in novel SiGe heterostructures. The investigated pillar-shaped Ge epilayers on prepatterned Si(001) substrates are an attempt to avoid the high defect densities of lattice mismatched heteroepitaxy. The Ge pillars are almost completely strain-relaxed and essentially defect-free, except for the rather unexpected VDs. We investigated both pillar-shaped and unstructured Ge epilayers grown either by molecular beam epitaxy or by chemical vapor deposition to derive a general picture of the underlying dislocation mechanisms. For the Burgers vector analysis we used a combination of dark field imaging and large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED). With LACBED simulations we identify ideally suited zeroth and second order Laue zone Bragg lines for an unambiguous determination of the three-dimensional Burgers vectors. By analyzing dislocation reactions we confirm the origin of the observed types of VDs, which can be efficiently distinguished by LACBED. The screw type VDs are formed by a reaction of perfect 60° dislocations, whereas the edge types are sessile dislocations that can be formed by cross-slips and climbing processes. The understanding of these origins allows us to suggest strategies to avoid VDs.
CBT group treatment for depression
Authors: Nielsen Mariana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is well-documented for individual interventions for depression. Studies of group interventions for depression using CBT principles are more sparse. Hence the reason for this naturalistic study that reviews the results of a short term 12-session manualized CBT group intervention offered in an inpatient setting at the Specialized Treatment Unit for Depression and Anxiety at the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, over a 5-year period. The aim of the study was the treatment and relapse prevention of depressive symptoms by teaching patients cognitive behavioural therapeutic methods. The manual deviated only slightly from Melanie Fennell's treatment model. Sixty-two patients were referred and 48 participated, 45 of these had been inpatients with moderate to severe major depression admitted to the ward with a depressive episode or recurrent depressive episodes of at least 2 weeks and up to 2 years’ duration. So far the results are promising, measured by the decrease in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at session 12 [mean BDI-II score at baseline: 30.7 (s.d.= 9.9); post-treatment: 20.4 (s.d.= 12.6),p<0.0001], relapse was measured by the rate of readmissions compared to data published in a previous register-based study on Danish patients with unipolar depression, which showed significantly lower rates of readmission in our sample (p= 0.003) and patients’ self-reported improvement, indicating that treatment in groups can be recommended, although a 12-session programme may have to be extended for people with more complex and longstanding personality impairments and recurring depression. Secondary gains not originally intended, but pointed out in patient feedback, were the strengthening of social skills and self-esteem.