bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hit the mark with diffusion-weighted imaging: metastases of rhabdomyosarcoma to the extraocular eye muscles
Authors: Hassold Nicole , Warmuth-Metz Monika , Winkler Beate , Kreissl Michael C , Ernestus Karen , Beer Meinrad , Neubauer Henning 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent malignant intraorbital tumour in paediatric patients. Differentiation of tumour recurrence or metastases from post-therapeutic signal alteration can be challenging, using standard MR imaging techniques. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is increasingly considered a helpful supplementary imaging tool for differentiation of orbital masses.

Case presentation
We report on a 15-year-old female adolescent of Caucasian ethnicity who developed isolated bilateral thickening of extraocular eye muscles about two years after successful multimodal treatment of orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Intramuscular restricted diffusion was the first diagnostic indicator suggestive of metastatic disease to the eye muscles. DWI subsequently showed signal changes consistent with tumour progression, complete remission under chemoradiotherapy and tumour recurrence.

Conclusions
Restricted diffusivity is a strong early indicator of malignancy in orbital tumours. DWI can be the key to correct diagnosis in unusual tumour manifestations and can provide additional diagnostic information beyond standard MRI and PET/CT. Diffusion-weighted MRI is useful for monitoring therapy response and for detecting tumour recurrence.
Patterns and determinants of COPD-related healthcare utilization by severity of airway obstruction in Korea
Authors: Chung Kyungsoo , Kim Kyungjoo , Jung Jiye , Oh Kyungwon , Oh Yeonmok , Kim Sekyu , Kim Jinhee , Kim Youngsam 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to analyze patterns and identify determinants of healthcare use, according to the severity of airflow obstruction. We used retrospective cohort data from a combination of the 4thKorea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) and Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims.MethodsDemographic and medical claims data were retrospectively analyzed from the 4thKNHANES along with NHI claims. Eligible patients were aged ≥40 years, who underwent complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and had at least one inpatient or outpatient claim coded as COPD between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2010.ResultsAmong 6,663 eligible participants, 897 (13.5%) had airway obstruction. Self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD comprised only 3%, and there were 870 undiagnosed COPD patients (97%). Self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma made up 3.7%. Of the 897 respondents, 244 (27.2%) used COPD-related healthcare services. The frequency of healthcare visits increased with increasing severity of airway obstruction. After a 3-year follow-up period, 646 (74.2% of those initially undiagnosed) remained undiagnosed and only 224 (25.8%) were diagnosed and treated for COPD. Only 27.5% of the 244 participants with airway obstruction who used COPD-related healthcare underwent PFTs during the study period. The percentage of prescribed medications associated with COPD increased in accordance with the severity of the COPD. Inhaled long-acting anticholinergics were prescribed for 10.9% of patients with moderate airway obstruction and for 52.4% of patients with severe obstruction. Inhaled long-acting β-agonists combined with corticosteroids were prescribed for 50% of patients with severe airway obstruction. Conversely, 44.6% of healthcare users were prescribed oral theophylline for COPD treatment, and 21.7% were also prescribed an oral corticosteroid. The determinants of COPD-associated healthcare use in respondents with obstructive lung disease were advanced age, severe airflow limitation, presence of comorbidities, and self-reported physician diagnosis of COPD.ConclusionsThis study ascertained marked underdiagnosed COPD. Although the percentage of prescribed medication used to treat COPD increased with the severity of the COPD, medications primarily prescribed such as oral theophylline or oral corticosteroids are inappropriate for first-line COPD treatment.
An explanatory analysis of economic and health inequality changes among Mexican indigenous people, 2000-2010
Authors: Servan-Mori Edson , Torres-Pereda Pilar , Orozco Emanuel , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Mexico faces important problems concerning income and health inequity. Mexico’s national public agenda prioritizes remedying current inequities between its indigenous and non-indigenous population groups. This study explores the changes in social inequalities among Mexico’s indigenous and non-indigenous populations for the time period 2000 to 2010 using routinely collected poverty, welfare and health indicator data.

Methods
We described changes in socioeconomic indicators (housing condition), poverty (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke and Sen-Shorrocks-Sen indexes), health indicators (childhood stunting and infant mortality) using diverse sources of nationally representative data.

Results
This analysis provides consistent evidence of disparities in the Mexican indigenous population regarding both basic and crucial developmental indicators. Although developmental indicators have improved among the indigenous population, when we compare indigenous and non-indigenous people, the gap in socio-economic and developmental indicators persists.

Conclusions
Despite a decade of efforts to promote public programs, poverty persists and is a particular burden for indigenous populations within Mexican society. In light of the results, it would be advisable to review public policy and to specifically target future policy to the needs of the indigenous population.
Neoadjuvant sirolimus for a large hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)
Authors: Bergamo Francesca , Maruzzo Marco , Basso Umberto , Montesco Maria Cristina , Zagonel Vittorina , Gringeri Enrico , Cillo Umberto 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare soft-tissue tumors with an extremely heterogeneous clinical behavior. They may arise in different organs and may behave indolently or sometimes metastasize with different grades of biological aggressiveness. We report the case of a young woman with a primary inoperable PEComa of the liver with malignant histological features. Since the mTOR pathway is often altered in PEComas and responses have been reported with mTOR-inhibitors such as sirolimus or temsirolimus, we decided to start a neoadjuvant treatment with sirolimus. The patient tolerated the treatment fairly well and after 8 months a favorable tumor shrinkage was obtained. The patient then stopped sirolimus and 2 weeks later underwent partial liver resection, with complete clinical recovery and normal liver function. The histological report confirmed a malignant PEComa with vascular invasion and negative margins. Then 6 additional months of post-operative sirolimus treatment were administered, followed by regular radiological follow-up. For patients with a large and histologically aggressive PEComa, we think that neoadjuvant treatment with mTOR-inhibitor sirolimus may be considered to facilitate surgery and allow early control of a potentially metastatic disease. For selected high-risk patients, the option of adjuvant treatment may be discussed.
DNA-templated synthesis of PtAu bimetallic nanoparticle/graphene nanocomposites and their application in glucose biosensor
Authors: Leng Jing , Wang Wen-Min , Lu Li-Min , Bai Ling , Qiu Xin-Lan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this paper, single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) is demonstrated to functionalize graphene (GR) and to further guide the growth of PtAu bimetallic nanoparticles (PtAuNPs) on GR with high densities and dispersion. The obtained nanocomposites (PtAuNPs/ss-DNA/GR) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and electrochemical techniques. Then, an enzyme nanoassembly was prepared by self-assembling glucose oxidase (GOD) on PtAuNP/ss-DNA/GR nanocomposites (GOD/PtAuNPs/ss-DNA/GR). The nanocomposites provided a suitable microenvironment for GOD to retain its biological activity. The direct and reversible electron transfer process between the active site of GOD and the modified electrode was realized without any extra electron mediator. Thus, the prepared GOD/PtAuNP/ss-DNA/GR electrode was proposed as a biosensor for the quantification of glucose. The effects of pH, applied potential, and temperature on the performance of the biosensor were discussed in detail and were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed a linearity with glucose concentration in the range of 1.0 to 1,800 μM with a detection limit of 0.3 μM (S/N = 3). The results demonstrate that the developed approach provides a promising strategy to improve the sensitivity and enzyme activity of electrochemical biosensors.
Computational prediction of the human-microbial oral interactome
Authors: Coelho Edgar D , Arrais Joel P , Matos Sérgio , Pereira Carlos , Rosa Nuno , Correia Maria José , Barros Marlene , Oliveira José Luís 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe oral cavity is a complex ecosystem where human chemical compounds coexist with a particular microbiota. However, shifts in the normal composition of this microbiota may result in the onset of oral ailments, such as periodontitis and dental caries. In addition, it is known that the microbial colonization of the oral cavity is mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the host and microorganisms. Nevertheless, this kind of PPIs is still largely undisclosed. To elucidate these interactions, we have created a computational prediction method that allows us to obtain a first model of the Human-Microbial oral interactome.ResultsWe collected high-quality experimental PPIs from five major human databases. The obtained PPIs were used to create our positive dataset and, indirectly, our negative dataset. The positive and negative datasets were merged and used for training and validation of a naïve Bayes classifier. For the final prediction model, we used an ensemble methodology combining five distinct PPI prediction techniques, namely: literature mining, primary protein sequences, orthologous profiles, biological process similarity, and domain interactions. Performance evaluation of our method revealed an area under the ROC-curve (AUC) value greater than 0.926, supporting our primary hypothesis, as no single set of features reached an AUC greater than 0.877. After subjecting our dataset to the prediction model, the classified result was filtered for very high confidence PPIs (probability ≥ 1-10−7), leading to a set of 46,579 PPIs to be further explored.ConclusionsWe believe this dataset holds not only important pathways involved in the onset of infectious oral diseases, but also potential drug-targets and biomarkers. The dataset used for training and validation, the predictions obtained and the network final network are available athttp://bioinformatics.ua.pt/software/oralint.
Differential enrichment of regulatory motifs in the composite network of protein-protein and gene regulatory interactions
Authors: Hegde Shubhada R , Pal Khushbu , Mande Shekhar C 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
An important aspect of molecular interactions is the dynamics associated with growth conditions. Intuitively, not all possible interactions take place together all the time in a cell as only a subset of genes is expressed based on environmental conditions.

Results
Large scale gene expression data of Escherichia coli was analyzed to understand the dynamics exhibited at expression level. A large compendium of gene expression datasets, which covers about 466 growth conditions, was used for the analysis. Using gene expression data, genes of E. coli were profiled into three classes: Widely expressed, Conditionally expressed and Rarely expressed. Further, dynamics associated with molecular interactions were analysed by studying changing importance of motifs in the composite networks across growth conditions.

Conclusions
Our analysis of large scale gene expression data suggests conditional expression of genes which brings about befitting responses for a given growth environment. We observe a range of importance for network motifs across conditions which can be correlated with a specific function. Our study therefore suggests rewiring of molecular interactions driven by gene expression changes depending on the conditional needs.
Bis maltolato oxovanadium (BMOV) and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats
Authors: Almac Emre , Bezemer Rick , Kandil Asli , Aksu Ugur , Milstein Dan MJ , Bakker Jan , Demirci-Tansel Cihan , Ince Can 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to test the potential protective effects of the organic vanadium salt bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV; 15 mg/kg) in the context of renal ischemia/reperfusion (30 min of ischemia) and its effects on renal oxygenation and renal function in the acute phase of reperfusion (up to 90 min post-ischemia).

Methods
Ischemia was established in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated male Wistar rats by renal artery clamping. Renal microvascular and venous oxygenation were measured using phosphorimetry. Creatinine clearance rate, sodium reabsorption, and renal oxygen handling efficiency were considered markers for renal function.

Results
The main findings were that BMOV did not affect the systemic and renal hemodynamic and oxygenation variables and partially protected renal sodium reabsorption.

Conclusions
Pretreatment with the organic vanadium compound BMOV did not protect the kidney from I/R injury.
Genome sequencing of the high oil crop sesame provides insight into oil biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Linhai , Yu Sheng , Tong Chaobo , Zhao Yingzhong , Liu Yan , Song Chi , Zhang Yanxin , Zhang Xudong , Wang Ying , Hua Wei , Li Donghua , Li Dan , Li Fang , Yu Jingyin , Xu Chunyan , Han Xuelian , Huang Shunmou , Tai Shuaishuai , Wang Junyi , Xu Xun , Li Yingrui , Liu Shengyi , Varshney Rajeev K , Wang Jun , Zhang Xiurong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., is considered the queen of oilseeds for its high oil content and quality, and is grown widely in tropical and subtropical areas as an important source of oil and protein. However, the molecular biology of sesame is largely unexplored.

Results
Here, we report a high-quality genome sequence of sesame assembled de novo with a contig N50 of 52.2 kb and a scaffold N50 of 2.1 Mb, containing an estimated 27,148 genes. The results reveal novel, independent whole genome duplication and the absence of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain in resistance genes. Candidate genes and oil biosynthetic pathways contributing to high oil content were discovered by comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. These revealed the expansion of type 1 lipid transfer genes by tandem duplication, the contraction of lipid degradation genes, and the differential expression of essential genes in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway, particularly in the early stage of seed development. Resequencing data in 29 sesame accessions from 12 countries suggested that the high genetic diversity of lipid-related genes might be associated with the wide variation in oil content. Additionally, the results shed light on the pivotal stage of seed development, oil accumulation and potential key genes for sesamin production, an important pharmacological constituent of sesame.

Conclusions
As an important species from the order Lamiales and a high oil crop, the sesame genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of eudicots, as well as the study of lipid biosynthesis and potential genetic improvement of sesame.
Identification of somatic mutations in EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma in never-smokers
Authors: Ahn Jin Woo , Kim Han Sang , Yoon Jung-Ki , Jang Hoon , Han Soo Min , Eun Sungho , Shim Hyo Sup , Kim Hyun-Jung , Kim Dae Joon , Lee Jin Gu , Lee Chang Young , Bae Mi Kyung , Chung Kyung Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kim Eun Young , Kim Se Kyu , Chang Joon , Kim Hye Ryun , Kim Joo Hang , Lee Min Goo , Cho Byoung Chul , Lee Ji Hyun , Bang Duhee 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Lung adenocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous disease with various etiologies, prognoses, and responses to therapy. Although genome-scale characterization of lung adenocarcinoma has been performed, a comprehensive somatic mutation analysis of EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma in never-smokers has not been conducted.

Methods
We analyzed whole exome sequencing data from 16 EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinomas and additional 54 tumors in two expansion cohort sets. Candidate loci were validated by target capture and Sanger sequencing. Gene set analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.

Results
We identified 27 genes potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. These included targetable genes involved in PI3K/mTOR signaling (TSC1, PIK3CA, AKT2) and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling (ERBB4) and genes not previously highlighted in lung adenocarcinomas, such as SETD2 and PBRM1 (chromatin remodeling), CHEK2 and CDC27 (cell cycle), CUL3 and SOD2 (oxidative stress), and CSMD3 and TFG (immune response). In the expansion cohort (N = 70), TP53 was the most frequently altered gene (11%), followed by SETD2 (6%), CSMD3 (6%), ERBB2 (6%), and CDH10 (4%). In pathway analysis, the majority of altered genes were involved in cell cycle/DNA repair (P <0.001) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling (P <0.001).

Conclusions
The genomic makeup of EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative lung adenocarcinomas in never-smokers is remarkably diverse. Genes involved in cell cycle regulation/DNA repair are implicated in tumorigenesis and represent potential therapeutic targets.
The Royal Lottery and the Old Regime: Financial Innovation and Modern Political Culture
Authors: Kruckeberg Robert 
Published: February 2014

The French Royal Lottery was founded in 1776 under Louis XVI. The king and his ministers saw the lottery as a way to raise revenue while avoiding the politically contentious debates with the Parlement of Paris over taxation. The monarchy hoped that the lottery would avoid the charges of arbitrary despotism and coercion leveled against taxation measures, since the lottery was portrayed as voluntary consumption by the public. With the lottery, the monarchy entered the marketplace and directly engaged in new patterns of consumption and financial innovation. By entering the marketplace, the monarchy ultimately undermined its own absolutist ideology as critics attacked the monarchy as forgoing its traditional role of royal paternalism in favor of its new role as merchant. An examination of the Royal Lottery shows how the economic and political transformations of the century were deeply intertwined.
La Loterie royale de France fut fondée en 1776 sous Louis XVI. Le roi et ses ministres voyaient dans la loterie un moyen d’augmenter les recettes de l’Etat tout en évitant le débat politique controversé sur la fiscalité avec le Parlement de Paris. La monarchie espérait que la loterie permettrait d’éviter les accusations de despotisme arbitraire et de coercition portées contre les mesures fiscales, celle-ci étant dépeinte comme une consommation volontaire du public. Avec la loterie, la monarchie a pénétré le marché et s’est directement lancée dans de nouveaux modèles de consommation et d’innovation financière. En ce faisant, la monarchie a compromis sa propre idéologie absolutiste tandis que les critiques lui reprochaient de renoncer au traditionnel paternalisme royal en faveur de son nouveau rôle de négociant. La Loterie royale de France montre de quelles façons les transformations politiques et économiques du siècle ont été profondément liées.
Collectors, Catholics, and the Commune: Heritage and Counterrevolution, 1860-1890
Authors: Stammers Tom 
Published: February 2014

The violence and vandalism of 1870-71 had a profound effect on stirring the conscience of private collectors in Paris. Taking their cue from the 1790s, they scrambled to safeguard the city’s treasures, form new antiquarian associations, and indulge in forms of patriotic philanthropy. The 1870s and 1880s represent a crucial moment in the visibility of the rich collector, offering a new legitimating rhetoric for luxury consumption and marking a growing rapprochement between public service and private possessions. But under commercial pressures, these decades also witnessed a more chauvinist reaction, with fresh attempts to imagine social and ethnic restrictions on who was entitled to be a custodian of the French past. Focusing on the correspondence of bibliophile Baron Jérôme Pichon and on the memory palace of Léopold Double, this article seeks to retrieve an understanding of heritage and conservation radically distinct from the scientific and secular definitions elaborated by government agencies arising out of the French Revolution and the July Monarchy.
La violence et le vandalisme de l’année terrible (1870-71) exerçaient une influence profonde sur les collectionneurs particuliers à Paris. Se rappelant l’exemple néfaste de la Révolution française, ils ont entrepris une croisade afin de sauver les trésors de la ville, ils ont créé des sociétés savantes, et ils ont manifesté leur largesse patriotique. Ces individus élaborèrent une rhétorique centrée sur la possession légitime et exclusive de ces objets. Etant souvent fortement hostiles envers l’Etat, ils se trouvèrent également à l’abri des directives de ce dernier. En analysant les collectionneurs Jérôme Pichon et Léopold Double, j’interroge la possibilité de parler d’un patrimoine « autre », d’un patrimoine privé, insolite, et contre-révolutionnaire.
The central molecular clock is robust in the face of behavioural arrhythmia in aDrosophilamodel of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Ko-Fan , Possidente Bernard , Lomas David A. , Crowther Damian C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCircadian behavioural deficits, including sleep irregularity and restlessness in the evening, are a distressing early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have investigated these phenomena by studying the circadian behaviour of transgenic Drosophila expressing the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ). We find that Aβ expression results in an age-related loss of circadian behavioural rhythms despite ongoing normal molecular oscillations in the central clock neurones. Even in the absence of any behavioural correlate, the synchronised activity of the central clock remains protective, prolonging lifespan, in Aβ flies just as it does in control flies. Confocal microscopy and bioluminescence measurements of molecular clock function point to the output pathway as the main site of Aβ toxicity. In addition there appears to be significant non-cell autonomous Aβ toxicity resulting in morphological and likely functional signalling deficits in central clock neurones.