bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foveapeltis gen. nov., an unusual cleroid genus with large hypomeral cavities from mid‐Cretaceous amber (Coleoptera: Cleroidea)
Authors: Li Yan‐Da , Kolibáč Jiří , Liu Zhen‐Hua , Ślipiński Adam , Yamamoto Shûhei , Yu Ya‐Li , Zhang Wei‐Ting , Cai Chen‐Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBeetles have a remote evolutionary history dating back to the Carboniferous, with Mesozoic fossils playing a pivotal role in elucidating the early evolution of extant families. Despite their exceptional preservation in amber, deciphering the systematic positions of Mesozoic trogossitid‐like beetles remains challenging. Here, we describe and illustrate a new trogossitid‐like lineage from mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber, Foveapeltis rutai Li, Kolibáč, Liu & Cai, gen. et sp. nov. Foveapeltis stands out within the Cleroidea due to the presence of a significant large cavity on each hypomeron. While the exact phylogenetic placement of Foveapeltis remains uncertain, we offer a discussion on its potential affinity based on our constrained phylogenetic analyses.
Parallel evolution of integrated craniofacial traits in trophic specialist pupfishes
Authors: St. John Michelle E. , Dunker Julia C. , Richards Emilie J. , Romero Stephanie , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPopulations may adapt to similar environments via parallel or non‐parallel genetic changes, but the frequency of these alternative mechanisms and underlying contributing factors are still poorly understood outside model systems. We used QTL mapping to investigate the genetic basis of highly divergent craniofacial traits between the scale‐eater (Cyprinodon desquamator) and molluscivore (C. brontotheroides) pupfish adapting to two different hypersaline lake environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We lab‐reared F2 scale‐eater x molluscivore intercrosses from two different lake populations, estimated linkage maps, scanned for significant QTL for 29 skeletal and craniofacial traits, female mate preference, and sex. We compared the location of QTL between lakes to quantify parallel and non‐parallel genetic changes. We detected significant QTL for six craniofacial traits in at least one lake. However, nearly all shared QTL loci were associated with a different craniofacial trait within each lake. Therefore, our estimate of parallel evolution of craniofacial genetic architecture could range from one out of six identical trait QTL (low parallelism) to five out of six integrated trait QTL (high parallelism). We suggest that pleiotropy and trait integration can affect estimates of parallel evolution, particularly within rapid radiations. We also observed increased adaptive introgression in shared QTL regions, suggesting that gene flow contributed to parallel evolution. Overall, our results suggest that the same genomic regions may contribute to parallel adaptation across integrated suites of craniofacial traits, rather than specific traits, and highlight the need for a more expansive definition of parallel evolution.
Genetic Variants in the Fat Mass and Obesity‐Associated Gene and Risk of Obesity/Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Eghbali Maryam , Mottaghi Azadeh , Taghizadeh Sara , Cheraghi Sara 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe variations in the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fat mass and obesity (FTO)‐associated gene have been linked to being overweight or obese in children. In this research a thorough examination was performed to elucidate the connection between various FTO gene SNPs and overweight or obesity in children and adolescents.MethodWe searched PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and Scopus until January 2024 to find studies that investigate the association between different SNPs of FTO gene and the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. After filtering the relevant studies, meta‐analysis was used to quantify the association of FTO gene SNPs within different genetic inheritance models.ResultsWe have identified 32 eligible studies with 14,930 obese/overweight cases and 24,765 healthy controls. Our recessive model showed a significant association with rs9939609 (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20; 2.02,p < 0.01) and rs1421085 (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14; 2.75,p < 0.01). Besides, in the homozygote model, rs1421085 showed the highest association (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.38; 3.89,p < 0.01) with the risk of obesity in a population of children and adolescents. Moreover, there are other SNPs of FTO genes, such as rs9921255, rs9928094 and rs9930333, which showed a positive association with obesity and overweight. However, their effects were evaluated in very few numbers of studies.ConclusionIn this study, we have found that the FTO rs9939609 and rs1421085 are associated to an increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. Besides, the findings of this study further reaffirmed the established link between rs9939609 and obesity in children and adolescents.
α‐Ketoglutarate plays an inflammatory inhibitory role by regulating scavenger receptor class a expression through N6‐methyladenine methylation during sepsis
Authors: Liang Gang , Hu Jia‐Yan , Liu Rou‐Jun , Chao Yu‐Peng , Hu Yi‐Fan , Zheng Hong , Pan Xin‐Yu , Li Yuan‐Jing , Gong Yang‐Hui , Lin Chi , Lin Jia‐Hao , Wang Jia‐Dong , Li Tong‐Xin , Pan Jian‐Ping , Guo Dong‐Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSepsis arises from an uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by infection or stress, accompanied by alteration in cellular energy metabolism, and a strong correlation exists between these factors. Alpha‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG), an intermediate product of the TCA cycle, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response and is considered a crucial link between energy metabolism and inflammation. The scavenger receptor (SR‐A5), a significant pattern recognition receptor, assumes a vital function in anti‐inflammatory reactions. In the current investigation, we have successfully illustrated the ability of α‐KG to mitigate inflammatory factors in the serum of septic mice and ameliorate tissue damage. Additionally, α‐KG has been shown to modulate metabolic reprogramming and macrophage polarization. Moreover, our findings indicate that the regulatory influence of α‐KG on sepsis is mediated through SR‐A5. We also elucidated the mechanism by which α‐KG regulates SR‐A5 expression and found that α‐KG reduced the N6‐methyladenosine level of macrophages by up‐regulating the m6A demethylase ALKBH5. α‐KG plays a crucial role in inhibiting inflammation by regulating SR‐A5 expression through m6A demethylation during sepsis. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the relationship between energy metabolism and inflammation regulation, as well as the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism.
Disrupting Substance Use Disorder: The Chemistry of Iboga Alkaloids
Authors: Hughes Alexander J. , Hamelink Charles R. , Townsend Steven D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe iboga alkaloids are a family of monoterpene indole alkaloids first discovered from the root of Tabernanthe iboga. The major alkaloid constituent in the root, ibogaine, has garnered interest for its anti‐addictive properties. Ibogaine has been shown to reduce opiate, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine self‐administration in rodents. However, ibogaine itself is less than optimal as a treatment in humans for Substance Abuse Disorder (SUD) due to its cardiotoxicity and hallucinogenic potential. Instead, ibogaine is an attractive lead for drug discovery efforts. Indeed, several notable programs have been launched to both elucidate ibogaine's mechanism of action and reduce its toxicity. While there have been over 20 total syntheses of ibogamine, ibogaine, and closely related family members, there are far fewer syntheses of recently isolated iboga alkaloids. In this targeted review, we discuss the synthetic strategies applied to the synthesis of classical and non‐classical iboga alkaloids.
Majority residents’ perceptions of ‘economic’ and ‘political’ refugees: Psychological processes underlying the flight‐reason bias
Authors: Knausenberger Judith , Hellmann Jens H. , Stanke Franziska A. , Bechler Inga , Haarmann Lea Sophie C. , Jehn Marvin , Echterhoff Gerald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMigrants who flee their home country for economic (vs. political) reasons often elicit more negative responses in receiving countries. We examined psychological processes underlying this flight‐reason bias, focusing on majority residents’ perceptions of migration circumstances and their emotional responses. In three preregistered studies (total N = 1394), participants read texts about an individual refugee (Studies 1 and 2) or groups of refugees (Study 3) who fled because of economic versus political reasons. Overall, participants perceived migration as less forced in the economic‐flight reason condition. Economic (vs. political) flight reasons also elicited less willingness to accept refugees. Additional analyses suggest that the flight‐reason bias was driven by greater perceived control of refugees over emigration (for perceived forcedness), by lower empathy (for willingness to accept refugees) and by lower perceived pre‐migration perils (for both outcomes) in the economic‐flight reason conditions. We discuss implications for political and humanitarian issues surrounding refugee immigration and integration.
Optimizing DFIG‐DC system performance via model predictive control: Torque ripple, DC voltage drop, and THD reduction
Authors: Babaei Mojtaba , Marashi Abbas Nazari , Liasi Sahand Ghaseminejad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, two novel control methods are theoretically introduced as direct slip angle control (DSAC) and model predictive direct slip angle control (MPDSAC) for rotor side converter (RSC) of the standalone Doubly‐Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)‐DC system (S‐DFIG‐DC). The numerical analysis of the proposed methods demonstrated that the proposed DSAC method could reduce torque ripple and current harmonics, decrease the output DC voltage drop in fast changes of load condition, and have faster dynamic response. Also, the MPDSAC method could further diminish torque and flux ripple, current harmonics, and output DC voltage drop in sharp changes of load condition compared with the presented DSAC and direct torque control (DTC) methods. The sensitivity analysis of the proposed control methods is investigated at different operating conditions. The performance and usefulness of the DSAC and MPDSAC schemes are verified by various experiments and compared with the conventional DTC method.
Childhood myelodysplastic syndromes: Is cytoreductive therapy useful before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
Authors: Le Calvez Baptiste , Jullien Maxime , Dalle Jean H. , Renard Cécile , Jubert Charlotte , Sterin Arthur , Paillard Catherine , Huynh Anne , Guenounou Sarah , Bruno Bénédicte , Gandemer Virginie , Buchbinder Nimrod , Simon Pauline , Pochon Cécile , Sirvent Anne , Plantaz Dominique , Kanold Justyna , Béné Marie C. , Rialland Fanny , Grain Audrey ,   Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC)
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor most patients with childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (cMDS), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) remains the only curative option. In the case of increased blasts (cMDS‐IB), the benefit of pretransplant cytoreductive therapy remains controversial. In this multicenter retrospective study, the outcomes of all French children who underwent allo‐HSCT for cMDS reported in the SFGM‐TC registry between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed (n = 84). The median age at transplantation was 10.2 years. HSCT was performed from matched sibling donors (MSD) in 29% of the cases, matched unrelated donors (MUD) in 44%, haploidentical in 6%, and cord blood in 21%. Myeloablative conditioning was used in 91% of cases. Forty‐eight percent of patients presented with cMDS‐IB at diagnosis (median BM blasts: 8%). Among them, 50% received pretransplant cytoreductive therapy. Five‐year overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and relapse were 67%, 26%, and 12%, respectively. Six‐month cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease was 46%. Considering the whole cohort, age under 12, busulfan/cyclophosphamide/melphalan conditioning or MUD were associated with poorer 5‐year OS. In the cMDS‐IB subgroup, pretransplant cytoreductive therapy was associated with a better OS in univariate analysis. This seems to be mainly due to a decreased NRM since no impact on the incidence of relapse was observed. Overall, those data may argue in favor of cytoreduction for cMDS‐IB. They need to be confirmed on a larger scale and prospectively.
Prognostic value of interleukin‐6 serum levels in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A case—control study in Iran
Authors: Shojaee Asiyeh , Rafiee Reza , Hosseinzadeh Masoud , Saboori Mohamad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate that is challenging to treat. Cytokine storm is a crucial factor leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19 patients. Identifying factors that predict the severity of the disease may be primarily prognostic to guide drug therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in the hospitalized patients infected with COVID‐19.MethodsThis case‐control study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 at Shahid Faqihi hospital in Iran. Fifty hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and 50 healthy individuals were included while controlling demographics and comorbidities. IL‐6 serum levels were measured and compared based on demographic characteristics (age, sex) and comorbidities in the case and control groups. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was also used to analyze the correlations between IL‐6 levels and lung involvement in COVID‐19 patients. Moreover, some laboratory parameters were compared based on the percentage of lung involvement.ResultsThe level of IL‐6 in the case group was significantly higher than the control (p ˂ 0.001). We observed a positive and significant correlation between the level of IL‐6 and the severity of lung involvement (r = 0.0.79, p < 0.01). The median level of IL‐6 in patients who showed more than 75% lung involvement was 573 (IQR = 320−850).ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that high levels of IL‐6 are associated with the severity of COVID‐19. According to the results, it could be proposed that inhibition of IL‐6 might be a target for therapeutic managements to reduce mortality in the patients with COVID‐19.
Pantoprazole and riluzole target H+/K+‐ATPases and pH‐sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Deshar Ganga , Christensen Nynne M. , Novak Ivana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the most lethal cancer type. PDAC is characterized by fibrotic, hypoxic, and presumably acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Acidic TME is an important player in tumor development, progression, aggressiveness, and chemoresistance. The dysregulation of ductal ion transporters/channels might contribute to extracellular pH (pHe) acidification and PDAC progression. Our aim was to test whether H+/K+‐ATPases and pH‐sensitive K+ channels contribute to these processes and could be targeted by clinically approved drugs. We used human pancreatic cancer cells adapted to various pHe conditions and grown in monolayers and spheroids. First, we created cells expressing pHoran4 at the outer plasma membrane and showed that pantoprazole, the H+/K+‐ATPase inhibitor, alkalinized pHe. Second, we used FluoVolt to monitor the membrane voltage (Vm) and showed that riluzole hyperpolarized Vm, most likely by opening of pH‐sensitive K+ channels such as TREK‐1. Third, we show that pantoprazole and riluzole inhibited cell proliferation and viability of monolayers and spheroids of cancer cells adapted to various pHe conditions. Most importantly, combination of the two drugs had significantly larger inhibitory effects on PDAC cell survival. We propose that co‐targeting H+/K+‐ATPases and pH‐sensitive K+ channels by re‐purposing of pantoprazole and riluzole could provide novel acidosis‐targeted therapies of PDAC.
Long‐term outcomes and patterns of relapse in patients with bilateral Wilms tumor or bilaterally predisposed unilateral Wilms tumor, a report from the COG AREN0534 study
Authors: Murphy Andrew J. , Brzezinski Jack , Renfro Lindsay A. , Tornwall Brett , Malek Marcus M. , Benedetti Daniel J. , Cost Nicholas G. , Smith Ethan A. , Aldrink Jennifer , Romao Rodrigo L. P. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Treece Amy L. , Parsons Lauren N. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Shamberger Robert C. , Paulino Arnold C. , Lo Andrea C. , Geller James I. , Ehrlich Peter F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to report the long‐term timing and patterns of relapse for children enrolled in Children's Oncology Group AREN0534, a multicenter phase III clinical trial conducted from 2009 to 2015. Participants included children with bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) or unilateral WT with genetic predisposition to develop BWT followed for up to 10 years. Smoothed hazard (risk) functions for event‐free survival (EFS) were plotted so that the timing of events could be visualized, both overall and within pre‐specified groups. Two hundred and twenty‐two children (190 BWT and 32 unilateral WT with BWT predisposition) were followed for a median of 8.6 years. Fifty events were reported, of which 48 were relapse/progression. The overall 8‐year EFS was 75% (95% confidence interval: 69%–83%). The highest risk for an EFS event was immediately after diagnosis with a declining rate over 2 years. A second peak of events was observed around 4 years after diagnosis, and a small number of events were reported until the end of the follow‐up period. In subset analyses, later increases in risk were more commonly observed in patients with female sex, anaplastic histology, negative lymph nodes or margins, and favorable histology Wilms tumor patients with post‐chemotherapy intermediate risk. Among relapses that occurred after 2 years, most were to the kidney. These patterns suggest that late events may be second primary tumors occurring more commonly in females, although more investigation is required. Clinicians may consider observation of patients with BWT beyond 4 years from diagnosis.
Tailoring lithium intercalation pathway in 2D van der Waals heterostructure for high‐speed edge‐contacted floating‐gate transistor and artificial synapses
Authors: Yu Jun , Fu Jiawei , Ruan Hongcheng , Wang Han , Yu Yimeng , Wang Jinpeng , He Yuhui , Wu Jinsong , Zhuge Fuwei , Ma Ying , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLocal phase transition in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by lithium intercalation enables the fabrication of high‐quality contact interfaces in two‐dimensional (2D) electronic devices. However, controlling the intercalation of lithium is hitherto challenging in vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) due to the random diffusion of lithium ions in the hetero‐interface, which hinders their application for contact engineering of 2D vdWHs devices. Herein, a strategy to restrict the lithium intercalation pathway in vdWHs is developed by using surface‐permeation assisted intercalation while sealing all edges, based on which a high‐performance edge‐contact MoS2 vdWHs floating‐gate transistor is demonstrated. Our method avoids intercalation from edges that are prone to be random but intentionally promotes lithium intercalation from the top surface. The derived MoS2 floating‐gate transistor exhibits improved interface quality and significantly reduced subthreshold swing (SS) from >600 to 100 mV dec–1. In addition, ultrafast program/erase performance together with well‐distinguished 32 memory states are demonstrated, making it a promising candidate for low‐power artificial synapses. The study on controlling the lithium intercalation pathways in 2D vdWHs offers a viable route toward high‐performance 2D electronics for memory and neuromorphic computing purposes.image
A review of lysimeters from the perspective of measurement performance and intelligent development in China
Authors: Gao Zehai , Yang Dongzhe , Li Chengcheng , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Quanjiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLysimeters are critical instruments for studying infiltration, runoff and evapotranspiration processes in the hydrological cycle and play a critical role in promoting efficient water‐saving irrigation. This paper provides a systematic review of the development process and research status of lysimeters, progressing from simple to complex designs, from single instruments to clusters, and from manual measurement to intelligent monitoring. The working principles of various types of lysimeter were first described based on Chinese lysimeter patents over the past 20 years. Second, this paper analyses the measurement performance and application scope of different lysimeters and further studies the weighting stability of various weighing lysimeters. Third, by analysing sources of measurement error, the reliability improvement methods of lysimeters are analysed from the aspects of environment control and sensor compensation. Fourth, this paper reviews typical research on the automation and informatization of lysimeters and discusses future intelligent developments and application prospects for lysimeters in complex environments. Finally, the measurement performance of different lysimeters is analysed based on experimental data sets. This paper puts forward some suggestions for developing lysimeters with high performance, high efficiency and high reliability, hoping to promote the development of intelligent agriculture.
Examining the factors of fertilizer pricing
Authors: Wongpiyabovorn Oranuch , Hart Chad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA strong surge in fertilizer prices in 2021 led farmers and policymakers to question the factors that drive fertilizer pricing. This study examines the relationship among natural gas, corn, and fertilizer prices, finding five structural breaks from 1997 to 2022. The pass‐through rates of natural gas and corn price changes to fertilizer prices show significant shifts after the passage of the biofuel mandate, with those changes fading as the market matured. Meanwhile, natural gas price changes are the main contributing factor in the latest period. However, the linkage among these prices continues to evolve and is likely to diminish over time.