bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Equal Ratio Relations for the Peak Intensities of >10 MeV Energetic Protons
Authors: Zhong Yushui , Wang Yang , Qin Gang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the significance of perpendicular diffusion in the decay phase of particle intensities for >10 MeV energetic protons. Recently, an observational study has indicated that the peak intensity ratios across different energy channels (13−64 MeV protons) remain almost constant as the spacecraft location varies in many solar proton events. This interesting phenomenon is referred to as equal ratio relations. These findings suggest that perpendicular diffusion not only affects particle intensity during the decay phase but also throughout the rising phase. In this study, we perform numerical simulations of >10 MeV energetic proton events observed by STEREO A, STEREO B, and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Our findings demonstrate that perpendicular diffusion strongly affects the entire time profile of particle intensity for spacecraft not magnetically connected to the source region. The numerical simulation results indicate that in order to reproduce observations, we need to include perpendicular diffusion near the source region and in interplanetary space. Perpendicular diffusion leads to nearly uniform peak ratios at different locations and contributes to the formation of the reservoir phenomenon during the decay phase. Consequently, these numerical results support the significant role of perpendicular diffusion in the formation of the longitudinal distribution of >10 MeV proton events.
The Efficacy of an Extraoral Suction Apparatus on Reduction of Splatter Contamination during Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgical Procedure: An Observational Study
Authors: Karthikeyan Surya , Veeraraghavan Ravi , Painatt Jaeson Mohanan , Manimangalath Girisankar , Vijayan Krishnaa 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the delivery of dental care globally. Air contamination during aerosol and splatter-generating procedures is of great concern to dental healthcare provider during these times. Extra oral suction (EOS) apparatus has been shown to be effective in preventing infection by control of aerosol. But very limited data is available regarding the efficacy of the apparatus in preventing splatter contamination.

Objectives of the Study:
To assess the efficacy of EOS apparatus in reducing frequency and mean intensity of splatter contamination at clinician, assistant, patient sites during lower third molar surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who required surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar were divided into two groups (EOS and non-EOS) with 20 patients each. Universal indicating paper (UIP) was placed in specific locations on the surgeon, patient, and assistant. Colour changes after the settling of splatter on the UIP were analyzed to calculate the percentage intensity of splatter contamination.

Results:
The use of an EOS device has shown an overall reduction in the total number of contaminated sites, with a difference of 6.36%. Surgeon, patient, and assistant sites showed reductions of 6.25, 10%, and 1.66%, respectively. The apparatus has showed statistically significant reduction of splatter frequency and intensity at the patient's chest and left shoulder regions respectively, during surgical removal of the impacted 48.

Conclusion:
The magnitude of splatter contamination during minor dentoalveolar surgical procedures is inevitable. Therefore, to achieve a better working environment, usage of an EOS apparatus is advocated.
Character Strength Profile Related to Courage as Virtue among Dental Professionals
Authors: Supriya  , Singh Rajbir , Ahsan Amra 
Published: July 2024

Background:
In the background of reported high distress among medical students and health professionals, character building at the level of health institutions may be helpful for augmenting academic performance and nurturing well-being during the training period of budding health professionals.

Aim:
This study aims to assess non-cognitive positive traits, particularly Values in Action-character strengths related to the virtue of courage among trainees and doctors. It may reveal the association of challenging situations being faced in health profession with inculcation of the virtue of courage.

Materials and Methods:
Data regarding character strengths profile with reference to the psychological virtue of courage among students and residents of dental institution (n = 54) were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Participants of all the three groups were found to display at least a minimum of each of the character strengths included in the virtue of courage. Perseverance was significantly higher in postgraduate students than undergraduate students and senior residents. Recurrent physician burnout has been reported to be associated with distress symptoms during their medical education at least once.

Conclusion:
Positive institutions may play an important role to reduce the intensity and incidence of distress sequelae among medical students by taking initiatives for character building, with reference to augmenting character strengths of virtue of courage.
Clinical Performance of Zirconia Reinforced versus Conventional Viscous Glass Ionomer in Class I Cavities of Geriatric Patients: A 1-year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdou Doaa , Akah Mai , Mosallam Rania Sayed , Safwat Omaima Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Background:
For the elderly population, efforts are made to simplify the restorative procedure while maintaining good clinical performance. Glass ionomer (GI) cements are showing signs to fulfill many of these qualities. With their new properties and ease of use, they can be developed further to become a useful group of materials to overcome the problems of elderly patients.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical performance of zirconia-reinforced versus conventional viscous GI restorations in Class I cavities of geriatric patients.

Setting and Design:
The study design was in vivo randomized clinical trial, parallel-arms, allocation ratio: 1:1.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 28 Class I carious lesions in 21 geriatric patients were restored randomly either by zirconomer-improved or Ketac Molar Quick Aplicap (n = 14) each. Restorations were evaluated for 1 year by modified USPHS criteria.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and Cochran’s Q-test. Survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test.

Results:
Twenty-four restorations were evaluated in 19 patients with a recall rate of 85.7% at 12 months. Significant differences were found in marginal integrity and marginal discoloration within both restorative materials between different time intervals (P < 0.05). However, none of the materials were superior to another regarding all assessed criteria.

Conclusions:
Both zirconia-reinforced GI and conventional highly viscous GI have acceptable clinical performance.
A Combination of Beta-tricalcium Phosphate, Plasmogel, and Platelet-rich Plasma Improves Long-term Bone Tissue Restoration after Complicated Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mugalbayeva Madina Amanzholovna , Mirzakulova Ulmeken Rakhimovna , Zaitenova Gulbaran Baigazinovna , Uglanov Zharkinbek Shertajuly 
Published: July 2024

Background:
A surgical removal of the lower third molars can lead to a number of complications, and bone restoration typically takes a large amount of time. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the combination of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), plasmogel, and platelet-rich plasma on postsurgery bone tissue restoration by means of X-ray.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 200 patients who underwent a complicated removal of the lower third molars were nonrandomly assigned to the experimental (EXP, n = 100) or control (CTR, n = 100) group. In the EXP group patients, sockets were filled with a combination of β-TCP, plasmogel, and platelet-rich plasma. In the CTR group, sockets were not treated. X-ray examinations were performed 3, 6, and 9 months (T1, T2, and T3) postsurgery to define bone quality on the Misch scale. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for between-group comparison.

Results:
Aside from the overconsumption of sugars (more frequently in CTR) and marginally significant sex ratio difference (more females in CTR), the groups were equivalent. Although both groups improved on bone density with time, the EXP group demonstrated greater restoration at T1 (U = 3431, P < 0.001), T2 (U = 3190, P < 0.001), and T3 (U = 3505, P < 0.001) related to a greater percentage of D2 (dense thick porous cortical bone on the ridge and a coarse underlying trabecular bone).

Conclusion:
A combination of β-TCP, plasmogel, and platelet-rich plasma, compared to no treatment, facilitates bone tissue restoration after complicated surgical removal of the lower third molars.
Uso de biomecánica en el calzado deportivo como reductor de riesgo durante la actividad física
Authors: Tapia Navarro Martha Virginia , Campo Peña Antonio Enrique , Rosales García Jean Carlos 
Published: July 2024

La problemática que aborda la investigación consiste en el uso de la biomecánica en el calzado deportivo como método de prevención de lesiones y mejoramiento del rendimiento y la técnica, reduciendo el riesgo en ámbitos de la actividad física y los deportes. Desde el análisis de aspectos como el confort, estabilidad, peso, flexibilidad, amortiguación según la pisada, ajuste entre pie, tallas y calzado, comodidad en movimientos, confort en la temperatura del calzado, materiales del calzado. El objetivo principal del estudio es comprender la incidencia de la biomecánica en la prevención de lesiones y mejoramiento del rendimiento y la técnica en los deportes y la actividad física. Estudio actual con enfoque sistémico, interdisciplinar sobre los efectos de la construcción del calzado con intervención biomecánica. Se realizaron búsquedas en motores especializados en bases de datos (Scopus, Redalyc, SciELO, Proquest) mediante términos de indagación y selección vinculados a estudios biomecánicos relacionados para las construcciones de calzado en deportes y actividad física. Se utilizó la metodología Prisma 2009 Flow Diagram. Todos los artículos se ingresaron en la caja Endnote para eliminar artículos duplicados. Luego, se incluyeron artículos de investigación originales en revistas revisadas por pares que investigaron el efecto de las construcciones de zapatos en los cambios biomecánicos. Dentro de las consideraciones éticas los criterios de exclusión incluyeron artículos duplicados, ortopédicos, relacionados con la biomecánica, esta revisión sistemática incluyó principalmente estudios biomecánicos de laboratorio, reconociendo los efectos de diferentes construcciones de calzado concerniente con las variables relacionadas con prevención, riesgo y rendimiento en deportistas.
Arterite de Takayasu na gestação: relato de caso e revisão de literatura
Authors: Sousa Leonardo Rodrigues , Ferreira Barbara Guarany Passos , Patriota Eliza , Szerman Carol Nanci 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) é uma doença idiopática, inflamatória, sistêmica e crônica que afeta grandes vasos como a aorta e seus principais ramos, podendo ter seus sintomas exacerbados pela gestação. Objetivo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo uma revisão de literatura dos casos de AT em gestantes, analisando suas possíveis complicações e desfechos. Materiais / Sujeitos e Métodos: Para a elaboração deste artigo de revisão foram consultados artigos científicos e artigos de revisão publicados na Scielo, Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology e BVS, entre um período mais recente. Resultados e discussão: Com a análise e interpretação de dados, é possível identificar que a AT acomete com maior frequência mulheres, principalmente em idade fértil. E que pacientes portadoras desta patologia têm riscos significativamente maiores de desenvolver complicações hipertensivas durante a gestação. Considerações finais: uma maior quantidade de pesquisas e estudos clínicos são urgentemente necessários para enriquecer e aprofundar significativamente o conhecimento já adquirido em relação à arterite de Takayasu durante o período gestacional, na tentativa de estabelecer e aprimorar consideravelmente as estratégias terapêuticas atualmente disponíveis e, quiçá, desenvolver novas abordagens que possam efetivamente revolucionar o âmbito do tratamento dessa complexa patologia.
Effects of emodin on the physiological responses and antioxidant gene expression of Wuchang bream infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Lu Hong , Ke Han , Cheng Hui-zhong , Zhu Yong-an , Song Li-ping , Tian Hong-yan , Huang Wen-wen 
Published: July 2024

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on the physiological responses and antioxidant gene expression of Wuchang bream infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental diets were prepared with supplementing 0, 30, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 emodin to basal (control) diet respectively, and fed to fish with initial weight of 50.4 ± 2.35 g. All ﬁsh were divided into five experimental groups: uninfected fish fed with basal control diet (negative control, NC), infected fish fed with the diet supplemented with 0 (positive control group, PC), 30, 100, and 150 mg kg-1 emodin. The fish were reared for 14 days, sampled at different time points and then analyzed. The results showed that the physiological responses and related antioxidant gene expression of infected Wuchang bream were significantly influenced by the dosage of added emodin and the feeding duration (P < 0.05). Comparing to the positive control group, emodin could inhibit the levels of cortisol (COR), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in infected Wuchang bream, with hormone levels reaching equilibrium in the shortest time at 30 and 100 mg kg-1 emodin supplementation. Meanwhile, emodin significantly affected alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, glucose (Glu) and triglyceride (TG) contents, and related antioxidant gene expression in infected Wuchang bream (P < 0.05), with the best effect observed at 100 mg kg-1 emodin supplementation in the diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of 100 mg/kg emodin to diet can enhance the resistance of Wuchang bream to A. hydrophila infection via promoting physiological metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN PENCEGAHAN KECANDUAN ROKOK PADA REMAJA DI SMK KARTIKA 2 SURABAYA
Authors: Artini Budi , Intiyaswati Intiyaswati , Nancye Pandeirot M. 
Published: July 2024

Pendahuluan: Merokok sekarang ini sudah menjadi trend bagi para pelajar Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) maupun Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), bahkan siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) pun sudah ada yang mencobanya. Dengan adanya beberapa siswa yang setiap hari merokok di sekolah pada waktu istirahat dan sebagian sembunyi duduk di salah satu warung tetangga sekolah. Para siswa ini sudah kecanduan sehingga tidak mampu menahan rasa ingin merokoknya. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan pada 22 siswa SMK Kartika 2 Surabaya kelas X pada bulan Desember 2023. Evaluasi pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan metode pre test dan post test dan kuesioner sebagai instrumennya. Hasil: Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukkan sebagian besar responden tingkat pengetahuannya kurang 18 orang (82%) dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tingkat pengetahuan baik yaitu sejumlah 17 orang (77,5%). Simpulan: Pendidikan kesehatan dapat merubah tingkat pengetahuan responden dari kurang menjadi baik. Hal ini menunjukkan kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan sangat membantu dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sehingga perlu perlu diperhatikan keberlanjutannya dan dibuat menjadi program di institusi pendidikan.
Penerapan Media Pembelajaran E-Comic Dalam Meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa
Authors: Rezky Sri , Surya Edi , Fauzi Kms. Muhammad Amin 
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the development of e-comic learning media to improve the mathematics problem solving abilities of 4th grade elementary school students. The type of research carried out uses descriptive qualitative with field research methods. The type of research used is Research and Development with a 4-D design which includes a modification of the Thiagarajan model (1974:36). The stages carried out in 4-D design are the definition stage, design stage, development stage by carrying out validation tests on material, media and learning experts. After the results of the e-comics media development material test, media expert test and learning expert test were categorized as valid and feasible. Then the final stage is carried out, namely the distribution stage which aims to promote e-comic media to teachers and students. So it can be concluded that the development of e-comics media is suitable for application in mathematics learning to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities.
Identifying decadal trends in deweathered concentrations of criteria air pollutants in Canadian urban atmospheres with machine learning approaches
Authors: Yao Xiaohong , Zhang Leiming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract. This study investigates long-term trends of criteria air pollutants, including NO2, CO, SO2, O3 and PM2.5, and Ox (meaning NO2+O3) measured in 10 Canadian cities during the last 2 to 3 decades. We also investigated associated driving forces in terms of emission reductions, perturbations due to varying weather conditions and large-scale wildfires, as well as changes in O3 sources and sinks. Two machine learning methods, the random forest algorithm and boosted regression trees, were used to extract deweathered mixing ratios (or mass concentrations) of the pollutants. The Mann–Kendall trend test of the deweathered and original annual average concentrations of the pollutants showed that, on the timescale of 20 years or longer, perturbation due to varying weather conditions on the decadal trends of the pollutants are minimal (within ±2 %) in about 70 % of the studied cases, although it might be larger (but at most 16 %) in the remaining cases. NO2, CO and SO2 showed decreasing trends in the last 2 to 3 decades in all the cities except CO in Montréal. O3 showed increasing trends in all the cities except Halifax, mainly due to weakened titration reaction between O3 and NO. Ox, however, showed decreasing trends in all the cities except Victoria, because the increase in O3 is much less than the decrease in NO2. In three of the five eastern Canadian cities, emission reductions dominated the decreasing trends in PM2.5, but no significant trends in PM2.5 were observed in the other two cites. In the five western Canadian cities, increasing or no significant trends in PM2.5 were observed, likely due to unpredictable large-scale wildfires overwhelming or balancing the impacts of emission reductions on PM2.5. In addition, despite improving air quality during the last 2 decades in most cities, an air quality health index of above 10 (representing a very high risk condition) still occasionally occurred after 2010 in western Canadian cities because of the increased large-scale wildfires.
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Alencar Mery Ingrid Guimarães de , Guariento Rafael D. , Guenet Bertrand , Carneiro Luciana S. , Voigt Eduardo L. , Caliman Adriano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The diversity effect on decomposition, through the litter-mixing effects plays a central role in determining the nutrient and carbon dynamics in ecosystems. However, the litter-mixing effects are centered on a leaf litter perspective. Important aspects related to intraspecific interaction and biomass concentration are rarely evaluated, even though they could be essential to determine the litter decomposition dynamics. To our knowledge, we introduced a new perspective to evaluate whether and how the interaction between flower and leaf litter affects the occurrence, direction, and magnitude of litter-mixing effects in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We performed laboratory experiments using flower and leaf litter from the yellow trumpet tree Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex. S. Moore as a model. To obtain realistic results, we manipulated various scenarios of flower : leaf litter biomass proportion and measured 13 functional traits. Litter-mixing effects were consistent in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, with faster decomposition of both litter types in mixtures compared to their monocultures (synergistic effects). Litter-mixing effects were stronger in the terrestrial environment and at higher flower : leaf litter biomass proportions. Our results indicate that synergistic outcomes are mainly associated with complementary effects. Flower litter had a higher concentration of labile C compounds, N, P, and K and lower lignin concentrations, representing a labile litter, while leaf litter had a higher concentration of lignin, Ca, Mg, and Na, representing a refractory litter. Our results demonstrate the importance of litter-mixing effects between flower and leaf litter via complementary effects. These results shed light on the secondary consequences of flower litter on decomposition, suggesting that species with high reproductive investment in flower biomass may play an important role in the nutrient and carbon recycling of diverse plant communities, exerting a pivotal role in biogeochemical dynamics.
Secure - Vertex - Edge Domination of Certain Named Special Graphs
Authors: C. Ruby Sharmila  
Published: July 2024

Applications using domination in graphs can be found across multiple domains.When there is a set number of resources (such as fire departments and healthcare facilities) and the goal is to reduce the distance that someone must travel in order to reach the most nearby facility, domination emerges in facility positioning problems.Domination notions can also be found in land mapping problems (e.g., limiting the quantity of places where an assessor has to visit in order to obtain measurements of elevation for an entire region), tracking telecommunications or electrical infrastructure, and tasks involving spotting squads of senators. A comparable issue arises when efforts are made to minimize the quantity of facilities needed to serve every individual and the ideal distance to service is established. Considering the graph G = [ {V}, {E}]. Let the set I V {G} is a secure - vertex - edge dominating set of G, suppose every edge, y E [G], then there exists a vertex V I so that V stands up for y . i.e., The vertex in I defends the edges incident on that vertex and the edges which lie next to the incident edges. A secure - vertex - edge dominating set I of a graph G has the characteristic of being a dominant set where every vertex z V – I either follows a vertex or a vertex adjacent to the incident edges of z, x I such that (I- {x}) {z} is a dominating set. The secure - vertex - edge domination number in G is the least cardinality of secure - vertex - edge domination and is depicted by . We have commenced researching this new parameter and have found the secure - vertex - edge dominance number of several standard graphs and the middle graphs of some standard graphs. In the current analysis, the secure - vertex - edge dominance number of a few designated specific graphs such as Bull Graph, Durer Graph, Heawood Graph, Moser Spindle Graph and etc., was discovered.