bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial, physicochemical and mechanical properties of endodontic sealers containing quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine nanoparticles
Authors: Barros J. , Silva M. G. , Rodrigues M. A. , Alves F. R. F. , Lopes M. A. , Pina‐Vaz I. , Siqueira J. F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antibacterial, physicochemical and mechanical properties of two endodontic sealers incorporating quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles at concentrations of 1% and 2% (w/w).MethodologyThe sealers tested were AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT in the commercial unmodified form or containing 1% or 2% QPEI. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using a direct contact test (DCT) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and two endodontic isolates (RW35 and RN44). Sealers freshly mixed or set for 7 days were exposed to bacterial suspensions for 10, 30 and 60 min. Setting time, flow test, solubility, apparent porosity, dimensional change following setting, wettability, zeta potential and compressive strength were assessed according to the International Standard Organization 6876:2001 (ISO 6876).ResultsDCT results revealed that both freshly prepared sealers had antibacterial effects unaffected by QPEI incorporation. Both unmodified sealers had lost much of their antibacterial effects after 7 days. However, for Pulp Canal Sealer EWT incorporated with 1% and 2% QPEI nanoparticles, the antibacterial effects against all test E. faecalis strains within 30 and 60 min of contact were significantly greater than the unmodified formula. Addition of QPEI resulted in no significant increase in the antibacterial effects of AH Plus after ageing. As for physicochemical and mechanical tests, setting time, wettability and zeta potential were influenced by the presence of QPEI nanoparticles.ConclusionIncorporation of QPEI nanoparticles can improve the long‐term antibacterial activity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT without relevant changes in physicochemical and mechanical properties.
Post waxing folliculitis: a clinicopathological evaluation
Authors: Khanna Neena , Chandramohan Kudigili , Khaitan Binod K. , Singh Manoj K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpilation by waxing is one of the common methods of removing unwanted body hair, and follicular papules following this cosmetic procedure are not uncommon. However, this not so uncommon problem has not been clinically and histopathologically evaluated.ObjectiveTo study the clinicopathological profile of folliculitis temporally developing after epilation by waxing.Subjects and methodsClinical and histopathological evaluation was done in 28 patients who developed follicular papules within a period of eight weeks following a history of epilation by waxing over the same area. The demographic profile and the method and frequency of waxing were noted. The symptoms associated with and the morphology and distribution of the follicular lesions were recorded. A punch biopsy was done from a representative follicular lesion to evaluate the pathological changes..ResultsAll the patients recruited were females (100%) with a mean age of 24.33 + 2.43 years. While all 28 patients had waxed their forearms, 25 had waxed their arms, 18 their legs, and 10 their thighs. The most common sites affected by folliculitis were arms (25; 100%) and forearms (15/28; 53.6%). Thighs, though least frequently waxed, were involved in seven (70%) subjects. Of these, seven (25%) women complained of itching. The lesions in all patients were erythematous to skin colored follicular papules, though two (7.1%) patients also had nodular lesions. A punch biopsy done showed features suggestive of pseudofolliculitis. A granulomatous reaction was seen in nine (32.1%) biopsies. A foreign body identified as a hair shaft was seen in seven (25%) biopsies and keratin in one biopsy.ConclusionsFolliculitis following epilation by waxing is more frequent in proximal parts of the extremities than in distal parts, even though distal parts are more frequently waxed. In one‐third of the cases, post‐waxing folliculitis is due to foreign body reaction to hair shaft or keratin and resembles pseudofolliculitis. To know exact pathogenesis, additional biopsies with multiple step sections need to be taken to look for retained fragments of hair shaft and /or foreign body reaction.
Topical immunomodulation with diphenylcyclopropenone for alopecia areata: the Lebanese experience
Authors: El Khoury Jinane , Abd‐el‐Baki Jasmin , Succariah Farah , Abbas Ossama , Kibbi Abdul Ghani , Kurban Mazen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTopical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is a treatment that can be used in patients with alopecia areata (AA) with more than 50% involvement of the scalp. The aim of this study is to assess the response of our patients with AA treated with topical immunotherapy with DPCP at the American University of Beirut‐Medical Center (AUB‐MC) and to characterize the favorable prognostic factors that predict response to treatment. This is a retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with AA at AUB‐MC and treated with topical immunotherapy with DPCP over a period of 10 years. A total of 34 cases were included for analysis (19 males and 15 females). The majority of patients had limited AA (58.8%) with a mean of 39% of scalp involvement. The remaining patients had alopecia universalis (29.4%) and alopecia totalis (11.8%). The percentage of patients that responded to DPCP therapy in our series was 79.4% (n = 27). Ten patients achieved a maximal grade of 3 following treatment, six patients only achieved a grade of 1, and six patients achieved a grade of 2. Only five of the patients who responded to therapy achieved a grade of 4. Of the patients who responded, 10 relapsed (29.4%), and the mean time to relapse was 74.6 weeks from the initiation of treatment. No specific favorable prognostic factors were identified to predict response to treatment; however, a negative family history of atopy was found to be protective against relapse (P = 0.020). The most common side effect of therapy was itching (85.3%), followed by contact dermatitis (58.8%), blistering (17.6%), and cervical lymphadenopathy (17.6%). Limitations of this study were the retrospective nature of the study and the limited number of patients. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study on topical immunotherapy with DPCP in patients with extensive AA from a Middle Eastern population. This modality of treatment is effective in inducing a response in patients with extensive AA, although the response is partial in the majority of the cases. Benefits should be weighed against the high side‐effect profile of therapy before initiation of treatment.
Odontogenic cutaneous fistulas: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of 75 cases
Authors: Guevara‐Gutiérrez Elizabeth , Riera‐Leal Lizbeth , Gómez‐Martínez Martha , Amezcua‐Rosas Guillermo , Chávez‐Vaca Carmen Lucía , Tlacuilo‐Parra Alberto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic cutaneous fistulas arise as a sequel of bacterial invasion of the dental pulp, become necrotic, and infection spreads into the periradicular area resulting in dissection and breakthrough to form sinus tracts that drain towards the skin. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients diagnosed with odontogenic cutaneous fistulas.MethodsA retrospective study was done between January 2001 and December 2011. Cases were included with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of odontogenic cutaneous fistulas. The variables investigated were frequency, gender, age, localization, morphology, time of evolution, and referral clinical diagnosis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.ResultsDuring an 11‐year period, 75 cases were found. Female gender predominated with 53% of the cases, and the mean age was 45 ± 26 years. The most frequent location was the mandible angle, in 36% of the cases, and the most common morphology was a nodule, in 52%. The mean time of evolution was 8 ± 11 months. The referral clinical diagnosis was odontogenic cutaneous fistulas in 51% of the cases.ConclusionsOur results are similar to those previously published–the diagnosis was suspected in only half of the cases. We consider it important that odontogenic cutaneous fistulas be included among the differential diagnosis of cutaneous facial lesions to avoid delaying appropriate treatment.
The effect of resin infiltration and oxidative pre‐treatment on microshear bond strength of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel
Authors: Chay Pui Ling , Manton David J. , Palamara Joseph E.A. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundReduced bond strengths of resin composites to hypomineralised enamel increase restorative failure.AimTo investigate if the adhesion of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel can be improved by pre‐treatments: resin infiltration, oxidative pre‐treatment followed by a resin infiltration, or oxidative pre‐treatment.DesignTwenty‐one enamel specimens in each of five Groups: 1) Normal enamel; 2) Hypomineralised enamel; 3) Hypomineralised enamel pre‐treated with a resin infiltrant, (Icon®); 4) Hypomineralised enamel pre‐treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite then treatment with resin infiltrant; 5) Hypomineralised enamel pre‐treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. A resin composite rod was bonded to each specimen using Clearfil™ SE bond as the adhesive (hereafter termed ‘routine bonding’), then subjected to microshear bond strength (MSBS) testing.ResultsOverall, the mean MSBS between the five groups differed significantly (P = 0.001). Pre‐treatment of hypomineralised enamel with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with or without subsequent resin infiltration in Groups 4 and 5 prior to routine bonding resulted in increased mean MSBS compared to Groups 2 and 3, with mean MSBS values not differing significantly when compared to routine bonding to normal enamel.ConclusionIncreased bond strength of resin composite to hypomineralised enamel was obtained by pre‐treatment of hypomineralised enamel specimens with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with or without subsequent resin infiltration.
The relationship between the second to fourth digit ratio and acne vulgaris
Authors: Bilgiç Ö. , Doğdu M. , İslamoğlu G. Kaya , Altınyazar C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris (AV) is not clear, androgens are thought to play an important role in its development through either an increased level of circulating androgens or end‐organ sensitivity. The ratio of the length of the second and fourth digit (2D : 4D) has been hypothesized to reflect prenatal androgen exposure and/or an individual's sensitivity to androgens, with a low 2D : 4D ratio suggesting high prenatal androgen exposure. Interestingly, the prenatal androgen peak time period coincides with both the development of the sebaceous gland and digits.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between digit ratio and AV.MethodsVernier caliper was used to take digit measurements of both patients and controls. Acne severity was assessed by using the International Consensus Conference on Acne Classification System.ResultsData of 251 patients with AV (67.7% female) and 120 healthy controls (72.5% female), aged 16–40 years, were analysed. The 2D : 4D ratios of female patients with AV were significantly lower than healthy females in both hands. However, there was no significant difference between male acne cases and controls. Acne severity was positively correlated with the left 2D : 4D ratios and mean 2D : 4D ratio, whereas the duration of acne was negatively correlated with the right 2D : 4D ratios in females.ConclusionOur results support the anatomical evidence of in utero androgen exposure and/or an individual's sensitivity to androgens in patients with AV and suggest that the 2D : 4D ratio might be a predictor of acne development, duration, and severity grade, at least in female patients.
HIV increases the release of dickkopf‐1 protein from human astrocytes by a Cx43 hemichannel‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Orellana Juan Andres , Sáez Juan Carlos , Bennett Michael Vander Lann , Berman Joan Weinberger , Morgello Susan , Eugenin Eliseo Alberto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV) is a public health issue and a major complication of the disease is NeuroAIDS. In vivo, microglia/macrophages are the main cells infected. However, a low but significant number of HIV‐infected astrocytes has also been detected, but their role in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS is not well understood. Our previous data indicate that gap junction channels amplify toxicity from few HIV‐infected into uninfected astrocytes. Now, we demonstrated that HIV infection of astrocytes results in the opening of connexin43 hemichannels (HCs). HIV‐induced opening of connexin43 HCs resulted in dysregulated secretion of dickkopf‐1 protein (DKK1, a soluble wnt pathway inhibitor). Treatment of mixed cultures of neurons and astrocytes with DKK1, in the absence of HIV infection, resulted in the collapse of neuronal processes. HIV infection of mixed cultures of human neurons and astrocytes also resulted in the collapse of neuronal processes through a DKK1‐dependent mechanism. In addition, dysregulated DKK1 expression in astrocytes was observed in human brain tissue sections of individuals with HIV encephalitis as compared to tissue sections from uninfected individuals. Thus, we demonstrated that HIV infection of astrocytes induces dysregulation of DKK1 by a HC‐dependent mechanism that contributes to the brain pathogenesis observed in HIV‐infected individuals.
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Our studies demonstrated that HIV infection of astrocytes, despite minimal replication and a low number of infected cells, induces dysregulation of DKK1 secretion by a Cx43 hemichannel (HC)‐dependent mechanism. Enhanced DKK1 secretion in response to HIV infection of glial cells compromised formation and stability of neuronal processes, similar to the synaptic compromise observed in HIV‐infected individuals. In addition, analysis of human brain tissue sections obtained from encephalitic individuals also shows enhanced expression of DKK1 in astrocytes. Our data provide a novel mechanism by which HIV infection of glial cells participate in the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction observed in HIV‐infected individuals. LRP5 = Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5.
Brain region‐specific changes in N‐acylethanolamine contents with time of day
Authors: Liedhegner Elizabeth Sabens , Sasman Amy , Hillard Cecilia J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) exert important behavioral, physiological, and immunological effects through actions at cannabinoid and other receptors. We measured concentrations of three NAEs, the Km and Vmax for fatty acid amide hydrolysis (FAAH), FAAH protein and FAAH mRNA in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, striatum, and cerebellum at 4 h intervals, starting at 03:00. Significant differences in N‐arachidonylethanolamine contents among the times examined occur in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum. N‐Oleoylethanolamine concentrations exhibit large fluctuations over the day in the cerebellum, including a threefold decrease between 19:00 and 23:00. N‐Palmitoylethanolamine and N‐oleoylethanolamine were significantly, positively correlated in all regions examined except the hypothalamus. FAAH Km values are significantly affected by time of day in PFC, hippocampus and amygdala and FAAH Vmax values are significantly affected in PFC, hippocampus and cerebellum. However, correlational data indicate that FAAH does not play a primary role in the circadian regulation of the NAE concentrations. FAAH protein expression is not significantly different among the harvest times in any brain region examined. Concentrations of 2‐arachidonoylglycerol are significantly affected by time of harvest in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in other brain regions. Together, these data indicate that the NAEs exhibit diverse patterns of change with time of day that are likely the result of alterations in biosynthesis, and support the hypothesis that N‐arachidonylethanolamine is a tonic activator of cannabinoid receptor signaling.
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Concentrations of the endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA) exhibit significant variability over the day that is brain region specific. It is our hypothesis that AEA is a tonic regulator of cannabinoid receptor activity in brain and that the changes in AEA content over the day reflect differences in AEA regulation of basal tone. The hypothesized patterns of tonic CB1 receptor activity in four brain regions are shown in this figure.
What We Should Want with History: A Meditation on Cultural Studies, Methodology, and Politics
Authors: Andrews Sean Johnson 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis essay evaluates two of the central problems for Cultural Studies as a field: how to generate methodologically rigorous scholarship that is also politically useful; and how to productively use models and theory in the practice of history. Beginning with conversations about the place of (disciplinary) history in Cultural Studies, this essay explores one of the legendary debates in the field: between E. P. Thompson, Perry Anderson, and (at least in theory) Louis Althusser. Though the debate centered on the degree to which the English Civil War could be termed a “bourgeois revolution,” Thompson's fundamental critique concerned Anderson's use of abstract models in history. However, the distinctions Thompson makes are not nearly as clear‐cut in practice – particularly when we look at Ellen Meiksins Wood's attempt to intervene on Thompson's side in her 1991 book The Pristine Culture of Capitlism. Wood's understanding of capitalism relies on an abstract conceptualization of that mode of produciton that is ironically similar to that of Althusser and Anderson. Arguing this as an illustratration of the importance of explicit models and methods, the essay develops Richard Johnson's account of Marx's use of abstraction and theory in his own historical scholarship. Marx's framework is then deployed to reconsider the English Civil War in realation to a key contemporary concern: the origins of copyright and intellectual property. It ends by advocating for what I term anarchic abstraction: a conscious, rigorous, politically‐committed, and dialectical attention to the order and determinations of history with no strict hierarchy given in advance.
Cross‐border promotion of formula milk in Lao People's Democratic Republic
Authors: Phoutthakeo Phonephay , Otsuka Keiko , Ito Chiaki , Sayamoungkhoun Panome , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Jimba Masamine 
Published: October 2013

AimThis study aims to examine the influence of formula milk promotion via the media from Thailand to Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), where a cultural and linguistic proximity are shared.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted through a structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussion (FGD) with mothers who had children under 2 years of age and lived in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for quantitative data analysis. Content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis.ResultsAmong infants aged 6–23 months, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate for 6 months was 16.1% (n = 106/658). Among infants aged 0–5 months, 17.6% (n = 61/346) was exclusively breastfed at the time of survey (24 h recall). Of 1022 mothers, 89.9% reported frequent exposure to the Thai media's promotion of formula milk through TV commercials and 79.1% identified TV commercial as influential for them to develop a positive attitude towards the use of formula milk. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, mothers who reported a positive attitude towards Thai TV commercial on the formula use (n = 449) were approximately 75% less likely to practice EBF for 6 months than those who reported a negative attitude (n = 64). FGD further revealed that the participants tend to believe in the information in TV commercial for formula milk.ConclusionThe promotion of formula milk via media from Thailand negatively affects breastfeeding mothers in Lao PDR. Cross‐border impacts of promoting formula milk should be addressed globally.
Learning difficulties or learning English difficulties? Additional language acquisition: An update for paediatricians
Authors: Clifford Vanessa , Rhodes Anthea , Paxton Georgia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAustralia is a diverse society: 26% of the population were born overseas, a further 20% have at least one parent born overseas and 19% speak a language other than English at home. Paediatricians are frequently involved in the assessment and management of non‐English‐speaking‐background children with developmental delay, disability or learning issues. Despite the diversity of our patient population, information on how children learn additional or later languages is remarkably absent in paediatric training. An understanding of second language acquisition is essential to provide appropriate advice to this patient group. It takes a long time (5 years or more) for any student to develop academic competency in a second language, even a student who has received adequate prior schooling in their first language. Refugee students are doubly disadvantaged as they frequently have limited or interrupted prior schooling, and many are unable to read and write in their first language. We review the evidence on second language acquisition during childhood, describe support for English language learners within the Australian education system, consider refugee‐background students as a special risk group and address common misconceptions about how children learn English as an additional language.
Prevention and treatment of intraluminal catheter thrombosis in children hospitalised in a paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: de Lorenzo‐Pinto Ana , Sánchez‐Galindo Amelia C , Manrique‐Rodríguez Silvia , Fernández‐Llamazares Cecilia M , Fernández‐Lafever Sarah Nicole , San‐Prudencio Miriam García , Cortejoso Lucía , Sanjurjo‐Sáez María 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aim of the study was to develop and implement a protocol for the prevention and treatment of catheter related intraluminal thrombosis in a paediatric intensive care unitMethodsA computerised search was carried out on MEDLINE, through PubMed, using the medical subject heading ‘central venous catheter’, ‘central venous access device’, ‘central venous line’ associated with ‘occlusion’, ‘obstruction’, ‘catheter‐related thrombosis’, ‘critically ill patients’ and ‘thrombolytic therapy’. References of reviewed articles were also searched for relevant titles as well as non‐randomised controlled trials and series of cases when no information of higher level of evidence was available.ResultsWith the information gathered, a protocol for the prevention and treatment of catheter related intraluminal thrombosis was elaborated and those recommendations that best suit our environment were included. They were agreed upon by a broad panel of professionals working in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and the Pharmacy Department.ConclusionsDue to the variety of options available for the pharmacotherapeutic management of intraluminal catheter thrombosis, one measure to improve the quality of the therapy and to diminish the variability in the prescription could be the implementation of a protocol as described in this paper.