bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of gemcitabine and taxanes combination therapy randomized trials for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hu Qian , Jiang Jun-xia , Luo Long , Yang Xing , Lin Xiao , Dinglin Xiao-xiao , Zhang Wei , Wu Jun-yan , Yao He-rui 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Gemcitabine/taxanes-based combination shows anti-tumor activity for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, but there is a debate regarding the advantages of gemcitabine and taxanes regimens as a first-line or second-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and toxicity for patients receiving chemotherapy with or without GT-based regimens.

Methods
The randomized controlled trials were performed by searching Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and conference proceedings. We identified eight randomized controlled trials and then extracted and combined the data using to calculate hazard ratios (HR). The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and time to progression (TTP). The secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and acute toxicity. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 4.2.

Results
Eight eligible trails were identified. These studies involved 2234 patients with metastatic breast cancer, (1122 patients received GT-based combination regimen and 1112 patients received a regimen without the combination). A fixed-effects model meta-analysis showed that ORR and TTP are superior for GT-treated patients ORR (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53), TTP (HR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.89). And GT-based combination significantly improved OS in the first-line subgroup (HR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.71-0.99). However, there were significant differences regarding acute hematological toxicity, particularly thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion
Gemcitabine/taxanes-treated patients with metastatic breast cancer showed a significant improvement in the ORR, TTP and OS (first-line background) compared to patients not treated with the combination regimen.
Complex compression therapy in difficult circumstances
Authors: Hampel-Kalthoff C. 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungEs gibt eine statistisch nicht erfasste Patientenzahl, die über Jahre chronische Wunden an ihren Unterschenkeln haben. Viele dieser Patienten haben eine Odyssee von Krankenhausaufenthalten, Versorgungen in Wundzentren und anderen Versorgungsstrukturen erlebt. In der langen Krankheitsphase steht bei diesen Patienten weniger die Therapie als das Herstellen von „Normalität“ im Alltag und die Symptomkontrolle im Vordergrund. Normalität im Alltag bedeutet für oftmals die Auseinandersetzung mit chronischen Schmerzen und der starken Exsudation. Häufig ist zu beobachten, dass die Wundreinigung und die Sicherstellung der Kausaltherapie, in diesen Fällen also die Durchführung einer komplexen Kompressionstherapie, kaum bis gar nicht toleriert wird. Viele dieser Patienten gelten nicht selten als austherapiert. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels soll aufgezeigt werden, wie es gelingen kann, diesen Patienten nachhaltig zu helfen.
Compression therapy in sport
Authors: Surhoff S. 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungSportkompressionsstrümpfe werden zuneh-mend während und auch außerhalb des Sports eingesetzt. Während sich medizinische Kompressionsstrümpfe bei phlebologischen und lymphologischen Erkrankungen längst bewährt haben, ist der Nutzen von Sport-kompressionsstrümpfen für den Sportler nicht zufrieden stellend geklärt. Viele Studien, die sich mit möglichen Auswirkungen der Sportkompressionsstrümpfe auf den Athleten beschäftigen, berücksichtigen die Produkteigenschaften nur unzureichend. Im Gegensatz zu medizinischen Kompressionsstrümpfen besteht hier keine einheitliche Norm. Ferner sind die Studien in der detaillierten Thematik zum Teil nicht vergleichbar. Mal ging es um Ganzkörperkompression, mal nur um die Unterschenkel. Mal lag die Intensität im Regenerationsbereich, mal an der Belastungsgrenze. Zudem erscheint eine Differenzierung des Outcome zwischen untrainiertem Sportler und Leistungssportlern sinnvoll. Es werden zusätzlich mehr verlässliche Messverfahren benötigt, um die bisher dünne Datenlage zu verbessern. Bis dahin ist in vielerlei Hinsicht kein abschließendes Urteil zu dieser Thematik möglich.
Contact allergy to compression stockings: Is this possible?
Authors: Kaufmann R. , Meissner M. , Valesky E. M. 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungIn der Therapie der chronisch venösen Insuffizienz oder des Lymphödems sind Kompressionsstrümpfe ein Standard der Therapie. Trotzdem ist die Akzeptanz der Patienten relativ gering. Ein Grund dafür sind unter anderem auch Symptome wie Juckreiz, Brennen oder Rötung, die vom Patienten, aber auch häufig vom behandelnden Arzt als Allergie auf die Kompressionsstrümpfe gewertet werden. Die Übersichtsarbeit geht auf die Grundlagen der Kontaktallergien ein, zeigt wie häufig Allergien auf Kompressionsstrümpfe auftreten, welche Auslöser dafür in Frage kommen und beschreibt kurz die häufigen Differenzialdiagnosen, ihre Auslöser und Prävention.
When Trust Makes It Worse—Rating Agencies as Disembedded Service Systems in the U.S. Financial Crisis
Authors: Löbler Helge 
Published: June 2014

Rating agencies provide service by offering information about different kinds of securities and/or investment opportunities. This paper addresses questions often asked during the 2008 U.S. financial crisis: Why did no one see this coming? Why were all the explanations given afterward, not given before as precautions? Or if they were given before, why did nobody listen? Using Giddens' idea of disembedded systems [Giddens A (1991a) The Consequences of Modernity (Polity Press, Cambridge, UK)], the paper describes and frames the phenomenon of U.S. financial crisis and the role of rating agencies in particular as a disembedded service system. Hereby it offers an explanation of the crises in contrast to the common incentive-oriented or moralizing perspectives. The paper shows that the U.S. financial crisis emerged from a disembedded service system, a simulacrum of ratings, which after a while was no more connected to the reality of securities. Information-providing service systems are in danger to become simulacra, and with it they can disembed. The paper offers a new insightful perspective on how to analyze and understand information-providing service systems and hence offers a perspective to avoid crises based on disembedded systems. This is the first paper to our knowledge to analyze information-providing service systems based on Giddens' theory of abstract disembedded systems. It provides a new understanding of information-providing service systems that can help to avoid crises based on disembedded systems.
The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
Authors: Will Clifford M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed and updated. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.
Psychological management of wound pruritus
Authors: Upton D. , Penn F. , Richardson C. , Rippon M. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To explore the psychological treatment options for pruritus in patients with wounds. Method: This study employed a narrative design with a search being completed using the databases Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, PsycInfo, PsycARTICLES, Medline and CINAHL Plus. All articles between 1980–2013 that included the following search terms: [pruritus OR itch OR itching] AND [management OR psychological interventions OR treatment] AND [wounds OR burns OR wounds burns] were included in the review. Results: A number of psychological treatments options emerged from the literature search that were suggested to be effective for treating itching. These included methods such as habit reversal, suggestions, relaxation, massage and itch-coping programmes. Each of these methods showed potential for improving the patient experience by reducing itching, although the research evidence is currently somewhat limited. Conclusion: Although itching is a common symptom in wounds, the use of psychological treatments for this may be rather limited. The treatments discussed show promise and their use should be a welcome addition to the healthcare professional's armoury for working with people with wounds. Declaration of interest: There were no external sources of funding for thist study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Practical limitations of two devices used for the measurement of sub-bandage pressure: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Thomas S. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the accuracy of two hand-held devices commonly used to measure the pressures produced by extensible bandages. Method: The performance of the pneumatic sensors of two devices, the Kikuhime and Picopress instruments was first examined in air in a compression chamber, then subsequently beneath multiple layers of bandages applied to standard cylinders with predetermined levels of tension. Results: In the compression chamber, both instruments provided readings that were typically within 1 mmHg of the reference value, but on curved formers in free air or beneath bandages the accuracy of both sensors was greatly reduced, influenced both by the curvature of the cylinders and the volume of air contained in the sensor capsule. The Picopress instrument recorded pressures up to 70% higher than predicted, particularly on the smaller cylinders and at the lower end of the pressure range (circa 20mmHg). At 40mmHg measured pressure were around 40% higher than predicted values in some instances. The accuracy of the Kikuhime was greatly influenced by the calibration technique but percentage deviations as high as 150% were recorded in some tests. Conclusion: Pneumatic pressure sensors used to record the pressures developed beneath compression bandages are much less accurate than is commonly believed. Calibration studies using air chambers or water tanks have no relevance to the normal clinical use of these devices. These limitations should be considered by clinicians when making judgments about the performance of other medical devices such as bandages or stockings. They also call into question the validity of many published studies which rely upon such measurements. Declaration of interest: This project was generously supported by 3M Healthcare who provided a small research grant to assist with the costs associated with the construction of the test equipment.
Prison nursing and the practice nurse model
Authors: Norman Ann , Parrish Alan 
Published: June 2014

The concept of the family of nursing is difficult to grapple with if you are a nurse working in the prison health care service. If there is such a family, one has to ask, with so many members and with so many disparate interests to defend, how does one go about pulling it all together if you are the family head? How does one go about getting other family members to understand what you are trying to achieve? Like all families — and nursing is no different — members have times when they feel that they need to flex their muscles or just let people know they are around by creating a fuss.
Anticoagulation in general practice
Authors: Baird Anne 
Published: June 2014

The last decade has witnessed a significant growth in the area of nurse-led clinics in general practice. Nurses have proved their worth in chronic disease management, where it is suggested that they may achieve more successful outcomes than doctors (Marsh, 1991). Practice nurses have contributed to significant improvements in standards of care in asthma and diabetes management, and have succeeded in providing services which are acceptable and accessible to patients (Dickinson, 1998; Murphy, 1992; MacKinnon, 1996). Anne Baird provides a personal account of the development of a nurse-led service
Boost for NHS Direct
Authors: Mangan Paul 
Published: June 2014

Health secretary Frank Dobson has announced plans to bring forward the introduction of NHS Direct, the nurse-led telephone help scheme, to cover 60% of the country in time for the Millennium celebrations. Speaking in a Commons debate on the scheme last week, Mr Dobson said that it had originally been planned to roll out the NHS Direct scheme to cover 60% of England by April 2000.
How To…Application of Topical Steroids
Authors: Bennett Andrew G 
Published: June 2014

Topical steroid preparations are found in every setting in hospitals and the community. There has been an increasing use of topical corticosteroids as the incidence of skin disorders has risen (Bowman, 1994). Consequently, practice nurses are coming into greater contact with patients who may need assistance with the application of topical corticosteroids.
Time To Pay Us What We're Worth
Authors: Richards Sue 
Published: June 2014

The long awaited pay increases have at last been announced. The pay rises will possibly help recruitment, though the latest rise leaves junior and newly qualified nurses with higher salaries than some of their more experienced colleagues. I have argued for a long time that the grading system is a farce and needs replacing by job titles. Latest reported suggestions are registered nurse practitioner, advanced nurse practitioner and specialist nurse practitioner.
Making Meeting Time Productive Time
Authors: Lawrence-Parr Carole 
Published: June 2014

The economist JK Galbraith said: ‘Meetings are indispensable when you don't want to do anything’. Another saying is that the ideal meeting is of two people when one is absent. So often we grumble about ‘yet another meeting’. The nature of general practice, with its urgent tempo and constant interruptions, makes the setting up of meetings particularly difficult. Yet, in most practices there is the perception that we have too many meetings about one subject, not enough about another, or that the wrong people are involved.
Effects of Multi-electromagnetic Field on the Solidification Structure of IN100 Superalloy Castings
Authors: Jin Wenzhong , Li Sufang , Li Tingju , Yin Guomao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIN100 superalloy castings were vacuum cast with the application of multi-electromagnetic field. The effect of multiple-electromagnetic field on the solidification structure of IN100 superalloy castings has been studied. The results show that with the application of the multiple-electromagnetic field composed of the main frequency rotary electromagnetic field with 60A current and the steady direct current electromagnetic field with 290A current, the shrinkage porosity of IN100 superalloy castings is greatly improved and the fine equiaxed grain fraction of IN100 superalloy castings is increased to 100%. Moreover, the action mechanism of multiple-electromagnetic field is discussed to explain its effect on improving the solidification structure of IN100 superalloy castings.
Quotients of trees for arithmetic subgroups of PGL2 over a rational function field
Authors: Köhl Ralf , Mühlherr Bernhard , Struyve Koen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this note we determine the structure of the quotient of the Bruhat–Tits tree of the locally compact group PGL2(F

p
) with respect to the natural action of its S-arithmetic subgroup
PGL2(O
{p}), where F is a rational function field over a finite field and p is a place of F.
THE CONSTRUCTION AND DISARTICULATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITIES THROUGH LANGUAGE VIS-À-VIS THE SCOTTISH REFERENDUM OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Romero-Trillo Jesús , Cheshire Caroline 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article examines the discursive construction of Scottish and British- English national identities in the printed press within the context of the planned Scottish independence referendum. Using Critical Discourse Analysis and informed by sociological and anthropological research, the study uses a Corpus Linguistics approach to analyse newspaper texts from the Scottish and British printed media to define the strategies used in the construction and disarticulation of these identities and the ideologies behind them. The results of the analysis will show that the Scottish broadsheets use a staunchly Scottish rhetoric with frequent examples of nation flagging, showing the palpable struggle for power and a certain sense of inferiority. Inadvertently or otherwise, these newspapers engender a sense of separateness by employing techniques of positive in-group identification. The Scottish editions of UK broadsheets, on the contrary, hold a more Anglocentric perspective and their treatment of the referendum is more political than ideological, frequently attributing negative evaluations to the independence issue and engaging in the practice of “tartanisation”. To conclude, the UK broadsheets tend to provide a more balanced and objective point of view, thus being at the political centre of the social debate enacted by the referendum and the subsequent possible independence of Scotland.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN CARL BILDT’S ONLINE DISCOURSE CONCERNING UKRAINE’S EUROPEAN IDENTITY
Authors: Kapranov Oleksandr 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article involves a qualitative research undertaken to elucidate how Ukraine’s European identity is constructed by Carl Bildt, Sweden’s Minister for Foreign Affairs. Specifically, the paper’s aim is to identify conceptual metaphors used by Carl Bildt in his political online discourse concerning Ukraine within the timeframe from 1 April 2013 until 1 April 2014. In addition to this objective, the article explores whether or not concepts SELF as the EU and OTHER as non-EU respectively are embedded in conceptual metaphors identified in Bildt’s discoursal space involving Ukraine’s European identity. Results of the data analysis reveal several types of conceptual metaphors which are present in the corpus of Bildt’s online discourse involving Ukraine: “EU as a Path”, “EU as a Nurturant Parent”, “EU as a House”, “Ukraine’s Politics towards EU as a Stock Market Crash”, “Ukraine’s Path to EU as Poland’s EU Path” and “The EU Flag as a Symbol of the Better Future”, respectively. These conceptual metaphors seem to be exacerbated by the presence of the concept SELF.
Multiclass cancer classification based on gene expression comparison
Authors: Yang Sitan , Naiman Daniel Q. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs the complexity and heterogeneity of cancer is being increasingly appreciated through genomic analyses, microarray-based cancer classification comprising multiple discriminatory molecular markers is an emerging trend. Such multiclass classification problems pose new methodological and computational challenges for developing novel and effective statistical approaches. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for classifying multiple disease states associated with cancer based on gene expression profiles. Our method focuses on detecting small sets of genes in which the relative comparison of their expression values leads to class discrimination. For an
Msp1: patrolling mitochondria for lost proteins
Authors: Hegde Ramanujan S 
Published: June 2014

Intracellular protein localization is critical for establishing organelle identity, avoiding inappropriate interactions, and maintaining cellular function. An emerging mechanism for ensuring high‐fidelity protein localization is the selective destruction of mislocalized copies. Two new papers find that the mitochondrial outer membrane is kept free of mislocalized proteins by Msp1 (Chen et al, ; Okreglak & Walter, ).
Extensive investigation of 114 patients with Sheehan's syndrome: a continuing disorder
Authors: Diri Halit , Tanriverdi Fatih , Karaca Zuleyha , Senol Serkan , Unluhizarci Kursad , Durak Ahmet Candan , Atmaca Hulusi , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveSheehan's syndrome (SS) is a well-known cause of hypopituitarism resulting from postpartum pituitary necrosis. Because of its rarity in Western society, its diagnosis is often overlooked. We aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological aspects of SS in a large number of patients.Study designA retrospective assessment of the medical records of 114 patients with SS was conducted. In addition, sella turcica volumes of 29 healthy women were compared with those of patients by magnetic resonance imaging examinations.ResultsThe mean period of diagnostic delay was 19.7 years in patients with SS. It was found that 52.6% of patients had nonspecific complaints, 30.7% had complaints related to adrenal insufficiency, and 9.6% had complaints related to hypogonadism when diagnosed. At the time of diagnosis, 55.3% of the patients had panhypopituitarism, while 44.7% had partial hypopituitarism. The number of deficient hormones was found to be increased over the years. None of the patients whose basal prolactin was below 4.0 ng/ml had adequate prolactin responses to TRH test, while all patients whose basal prolactin was above 7.8 ng/ml had adequate responses. Mean sella volume was found to be significantly lower in the SS group (340.5±214 mm3) than that in the healthy group (602.5±192 mm3).ConclusionsSS is a common cause of hypopituitarism in underdeveloped and developing countries. The main reasons for diagnostic delay seem to be the high frequency of patients with nonspecific complaints and neglect of SS. In addition, the TRH stimulation test was found to have a high sensitivity and specificity to recognize PRL deficiency. Furthermore, small sella size may have an important contributing role in the etiopathogenesis of SS.