bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tree Genotypic Diversity and Species Diversity on the Arthropod Community Associated with Big‐leaf Mahogany
Authors: Campos‐Navarrete María J. , Munguía‐Rosas Miguel A. , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Quinto Javier , Parra‐Tabla Víctor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite potential interactive effects of plant species and genotypic diversity (SD and GD, respectively) on consumers, studies have usually examined these effects separately. We evaluated the individual and combined effects of tree SD and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) GD on the arthropod community associated with mahogany. We conducted this study within the context of a tree diversity experiment consisting of 74 plots with 64 saplings/plot. We sampled 24 of these plots, classified as monocultures of mahogany or polycultures of four species (including mahogany). Within each plot type, mahogany was represented by either one or four maternal families. We surveyed arthropods on mahogany and estimated total arthropod abundance and species richness, as well as abundance and richness separately for herbivorous and predatory arthropods. Overall tree SD and mahogany GD had positive effects on total arthropod species richness and abundance on mahogany, and also exerted interactive effects on total species richness (but not abundance). Analyses conducted by trophic level group showed contrasting patterns; SD positively influenced herbivore species richness but not abundance, and did not affect either predator richness or abundance. GD influenced predator species richness but not abundance, and did not influence herbivore abundance or richness. There were interactive effects of GD and SD only for predator species richness. These results provide evidence that intra‐ and inter‐specific plant diversity exert interactive controls on associated consumer communities, and that the relative importance of SD and GD may vary among higher trophic levels, presumably due to differences in the underlying mechanisms or consumer traits.
Hard to reach and easy to ignore: the drinking careers of young people not in education, employment or training
Authors: Nelson Peter , Taberrer Sharon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractYoung people's drinking in the UK remains a matter of medical, social, media and political concern. The notion of transition and drinking styles in the move from childhood to adulthood and from education to employment has been central to understanding young people's drinking behaviour, but little is known about how the drinking patterns of those not in education or employment, both men and women, develop over time. This paper reports on research which aimed to examine the current drinking habits and drinking careers of young people not in education employment and training who are traditionally described as hard to reach. In‐depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with 23 young people: 15 women and 8 men aged between 14 and 23. The findings are presented with respect to three stages of drinking: starting, continuing or increasing, and decreasing or stopping. The conclusions indicate that for the majority of these young people, alcohol is a significant factor in their lives and that peers, gender, time and place combine to structure both their current alcohol use and drinking career. The paper argues that an understanding of young people's drinking career development and current alcohol use will help target effective social work and multi‐agency intervention.
Phylogeny, landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae)
Authors: Perrard Adrien , Lopez‐Osorio Federico , Carpenter James M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWing venation provides useful characters with which to classify extant and fossil insects. Recently, quantification of its shape using landmarks has increased the potential of wing venation to distinguish taxa. However, the use of wing landmarks in phylogenetic analyses remains largely unexplored. Here, we tested landmark analysis under parsimony (LAUP) to include wing shape data in a phylogenetic analysis of hornets and yellow jackets. Using 68 morphological characters, nine genes and wing landmarks, we produced the first total‐evidence phylogeny of Vespinae. We also tested the influence of LAUP parameters using simulated landmarks. Our data confirmed that optimization parameters, alignment method, landmark number and, under low optimization parameters, the initial orientation of aligned shapes can influence LAUP results. Furthermore, single landmark configurations never accurately reflected the topology used for data simulation, but results were significantly close when compared to random topologies. Thus, wing landmark configurations were unreliable phylogenetic characters when treated independently, but provided some useful insights when combined with other data. Our phylogeny corroborated the monophyly of most groups proposed on the basis of morphology and showed the fossil Palaeovespa is distantly related to extant genera. Unstable relationships among genera suggest that rapid radiations occurred in the early history of the Vespinae.
In vitro evaluation of peri‐implantitis treatment modalities on Saos‐2osteoblasts
Authors: Toma Selena , Lasserre Jerome , Brecx Michel C. , Nyssen‐Behets Catherine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesMechanical treatment of the implant surface through surgical approach is recommended to control peri‐implantitis. Few conclusive data exist about the physical and chemical properties of treated titanium surfaces and their biocompatibility towards osteoblasts. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate four clinical procedures: plastic curette, air‐abrasive device (Perio‐Flow®), titanium brush (Ti‐Brush®) and implantoplasty in terms of biocompatibility and osteogenic effect when cultured with Saos2.Materials and MethodsTitanium disks were treated with plastic curette, air‐abrasive device (Perio‐Flow®), titanium brush (Ti‐Brush®) and implantoplasty. Their surface microtopography (SEM), chemical composition (EDX) and wettability were evaluated. After seeding with Saos‐2, cell morphology (1 h, 24 h), viability (three and 6 days) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteocalcin (OCN) production (7 days) were analyzed.ResultsControl, plastic curette, Perio‐Flow® and Ti‐Brush® groups presented complex microstructures including craters and micropits, whereas the implantoplasty group appeared much smoother (SEM). Titanium, oxygen, aluminium and carbon were identified as the main components in all disks with a decrease in the percentage of oxygen, carbon and an increase in the percentage of titanium in the implantoplasty group (EDX). Implantoplasty disks were also significantly more hydrophilic than the other ones, whose surfaces appeared hydrophobic. Saos‐2 showed no morphological difference at 1 h. At 24 h, they appeared round shaped in all groups, except the implantoplasty group where the cells appeared stretched and elongated. Viability was similar in all groups, but significantly higher in the Perio‐Flow® than the control group at day six. ALP, OPG and OCN protein expression at 7 days was similar in all groups.ConclusionsAlthough implantoplasty was the only modality to modify the titanium surface morphology, composition and wettability, all treatment modalities promoted ALP, OPG and OCN production and appeared as valid approaches in terms of biocompatibility.
Plasma citrulline after small bowel transplantation: effect of time from transplantation, acute cellular rejection, and renal failure
Authors: Pironi Loris , Guidetti Mariacristina , Lauro Augusto , Zanfi Chiara , Agostini Federica , D'Errico Antonietta , Altimari Annalisa , Pinna Antonio D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPlasma citrulline concentration (CIT) depends on its synthesis by enterocytes and its catabolism by renal tubules. To evaluate CIT applicability as a marker of acute cellular rejection (ACR) after intestinal transplantation (ITx), CIT was investigated according to time from ITx, episodes of ACR, and creatinine clearance (CrCl).MethodsTwenty‐four adult ITx recipients were prospectively studied. The results were compared with those of 19 healthy controls (HCs) and of 29 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).ResultsIn ITx recipients, CIT was lower than in HCs during the first two postoperative weeks; it then progressively increased and reached the range observed in HCs, approximately between the 31st and the 45th postoperative day. A positive association with postoperative days (R = 0.63; p < 0.0001) and a negative association with CrCl (R = −0.57; p < 0.0001) were observed. CIT was higher in patients with CRF than in HCs (p < 0.0001). CIT sensitivity and specificity in detecting ACR after the 45th postoperative day were 38% and 83%, using CIT threshold observed in HCs, and 69% and 77%, respectively, using CIT threshold adjusted for CRF degree.ConclusionsAdjusting CIT threshold for CRF degree almost doubled the sensitivity of CIT as a non‐invasive marker of ACR in ITx recipients.
Outcome in patients treated with isolated liver transplantation for familial transthyretin amyloidosis to prevent cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nelson Lærke M. , Penninga Luit , Villadsen Gerda E. , Mølgaard Henning , Eiskjær Hans , Hillingsø Jens G. , Rasmussen Allan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundFamilial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is caused by different TTR mutations resulting in different clinical phenotypes of the disease. The Leu111Met mutation causes severe restrictive cardiomyopathy. Liver transplantation (LTx) is an established treatment option for patients with TTR amyloidosis; however, information on outcome after isolated LTx in patients with Leu111Met mutation amyloidosis is limited.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2012, six patients with TTR Leu111Met amyloidosis underwent isolated orthotopic LTx. None suffered from neuropathy. Prior to LTx, patients presented with echocardiographic manifestations of early cardiac amyloid involvement and in five endomyocardial biopsy was positive for TTR amyloid.ResultsMedian age at LTx was 45.5 yr (range 39–54), and four were male (67%). All patients were alive at a median follow‐up of 56.6 months (range 18–104). No surgical complications occurred. Two patients (33%) underwent cardiac transplantation during follow‐up due to progressive cardiomyopathy. The remaining four patients experienced no echocardiographic or clinical deterioration of cardiac function following LTx.ConclusionIsolated LTx appears to be a valuable treatment option for patients with familial TTR amyloidosis due to Leu111Met mutation. Appropriate timing of LTx is of utmost importance to avoid development of severe amyloid cardiomyopathy and the need for combined heart and liver transplantation.
Accounting for the indirect area effect in stacked species distribution models to map species richness in a montane biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Pouteau Robin , Bayle Élise , Blanchard Élodie , Birnbaum Philippe , Cassan Jean‐Jérôme , Hequet Vanessa , Ibanez Thomas , Vandrot Hervé 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimUnderstanding how species richness is distributed is a critical prerequisite to implement efficient conservation strategies in biodiversity hotspots. Stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) provide new opportunities to map species richness, but the accuracy of this method may decline with elevation. Here, we test whether variation in model accuracy arises from increasingly unpredictable environments or the decreasing availability of area with increasing elevation, which might affect the regional pool of species and, as a result, the local species richness (the indirect area effect).LocationThe New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot (south‐west Pacific Ocean).MethodsAn individual MAXENT model was built for 562 tree species by combining eight 100‐m resolution environmental variables with c. 10,000 occurrence records. For each species, a map was produced at a one‐hectare scale indicating the estimated habitat suitability. All models were then summed, and the resulting estimates were compared with richness measured in 11 independent one‐hectare inventories. To account for the indirect area effect, S‐SDM estimates were adjusted through the Arrhenius' equation linking the number of species hosted by a habitat with its surface area.ResultsThe S‐SDM predictions ranged from 95 to 251 species (mean = 153) while field inventories were lower, ranging from 39 to 131 species (mean = 90). Overall, the S‐SDM increasingly overestimated richness as elevation increased. Taking into account the indirect area effect de‐correlated residuals from elevation and induced a significant correlation between modelled and measured species richness.ConclusionThe decreasing accuracy of the S‐SDM with elevation was explained by the decreasing availability of habitat influencing regional diversity found in each elevational band. Despite remaining difficulties to predict species richness when addressing the indirect area effect, our findings represent a significant step forward towards improved S‐SDM designing.
Does First Nations ancestry modify the association between gestational diabetes and subsequent diabetes: a historical prospective cohort study among women in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Shen G. X. , Shafer L. A. , Martens P. J. , Sellers E. , Torshizi A. A. , Ludwig S. , Phillips‐Beck W. , Heaman M. , Prior H. J. , McGavock J. , Morris M. , Dart A. B. , Campbell R. , Dean H. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 30 years, the prevalence of diabetes has steadily increased among Canadians, and is particularly evident among First Nations (FN) women. The interplay between FN ancestry, gestational diabetes and the development of subsequent diabetes among mothers remains unclear.MethodsAfter excluding known pre‐existing diabetes, we explored whether FN ancestry may modify the association between gestational diabetes and post‐partum diabetes among women in Manitoba (1981–2011) via a historical prospective cohort database study. We analysed administrative data in the Population Health Research Data Repository using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsGestational diabetes was diagnosed in 11 906 of 404 736 deliveries (2.9%), 6.7% of FN and 2.2% of non‐FN pregnant women (P < 0.0001). Post‐partum diabetes during ≤ 30 years follow‐up was more than three times higher among FN women than among non‐FN women (P < 0.0001). Diabetes developed in 76.0% of FN and 56.2% of non‐FN women with gestational diabetes within the follow‐up period. The hazard ratio of gestational diabetes for post‐partum diabetes was 10.6 among non‐FN women and 5.4 among FN women. Other factors associated with a higher risk of diabetes included lower family income among FN and non‐FN women and rural/remote residences among FN women. Among non‐FN women, urban residence was associated with a higher risk of diabetes.ConclusionGestational diabetes increases post‐partum diabetes in FN and non‐FN women. FN women had substantially more gestational diabetes or post‐partum diabetes than non‐FN women, partially due to socio‐economic and environmental barriers. Reductions in gestational diabetes and socio‐economic inequalities are required to prevent diabetes in women, particularly in FN population.
The use of pulse oximetry in evaluation of pulp vitality in immature permanent teeth
Authors: Bargrizan Majid , Ashari Mohammad Asna , Ahmadi Mohsen , Ramezani Jamileh 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and aimThe current methods of pulp vitality assessment, either electric or thermal, are of limited use in children. Recently, traumatized and immature teeth may not respond to such methods and because such methods require subjective responses, it may not provide accurate results particularly in children. Pulse oximetry, an atraumatic approach, is used to measure oxygen saturation in vascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of pulse oximetry to evaluate pulp vitality status in immature permanent teeth.Methods and materialsThe study was conducted on 329 maxillary central and lateral incisors in children. The negative control group consisted of 10 root filled teeth. Systemic oxygen saturation was first measured on the thumb of the individual using a custom‐made sensor. Oxygen saturation values of the teeth were then evaluated. The correlation between oxygen saturation measurement obtained from finger and tooth, and the correlation between oxygen saturation values and stage of root development were analyzed. A further comparison was made between the teeth with open and closed apex.ResultsMean oxygen values recorded in the patient's finger were 97.17%, and mean oxygen values in the maxillary central and lateral incisors were 86.77% and 83/92%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between blood oxygen levels in the finger and in the teeth. (P > 0.05) There was a significant negative correlation between the stage of root development and the blood oxygen levels in the patients' teeth. (P < 0.05) Mean oxygen values in the teeth with open apex were significantly higher than the teeth with closed apex. (P < 0.001).ConclusionVital teeth provided consistent oxygen saturation readings, and non‐vital teeth recorded no oxygen saturation values. During tooth development, the oxygen saturation values decreased. These findings confirm that the pulse oximetry is capable of detecting the pulpal blood flow and oxygen saturation.
Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced by Various Thermal Spray Techniques Using Solid Powder, Suspension, and Solution Precursor Feedstock Material
Authors: Ganvir Ashish , Curry Nicholas , Govindarajan Sivakumar , Markocsan Nicolaie 
Published: September 2015

Use of a liquid feedstock in thermal spraying (an alternative to the conventional solid powder feedstock) is receiving an increasing level of interest due to its capability to produce the advanced submicrometer/nanostructured coatings. Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) and solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) are those advanced thermal spraying techniques which help to feed this liquid feedstock. These techniques have shown to produce better performance thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) than conventional thermal spraying. In this work, a comparative study was performed between SPS‐ and SPPS‐sprayed TBCs which then were also compared with the conventional atmospheric plasma‐sprayed (APS) TBCs. Experimental characterization included SEM, porosity analysis using weight difference by water infiltration, thermal conductivity measurements using laser flash analysis, and lifetime assessment using thermo‐cyclic fatigue test. It was concluded that SPS coatings can produce a microstructure with columnar type features (intermediary between the columnar and vertically cracked microstructure), whereas SPPS can produce vertically cracked microstructure. It was also shown that SPS coatings with particle size in suspension (D50) <3 μm were highly porous with lower thermal conductivity than SPPS and APS coatings. Furthermore, SPS coatings have also shown a relatively better thermal cyclic fatigue lifetime than SPPS.
Career transition antecedents in the information technology area
Authors: Joia Luiz Antonio , Mangia Ursula 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe more organizations invest in information technology (IT), the more the concern with IT personnel management has increased, namely the hiring, training and retaining of IT professionals needed to deal with such investments. In this context, two issues related to these professionals have often been observed, namely ‘turnover’ – in which the IT professional changes job but still remains in the IT area – and ‘turnaway’ – in which the IT professional abandons the IT area and assumes a job in another area in the same organization or another, usually rising to a managerial position. This work addresses the turnaway of IT professionals in Brazil. The relevance of this research is supported by the shortage of adequately trained IT professionals to work in the productive sector in this country. Therefore, by using and adapting the extant scientific literature, research hypotheses associated with the IT professional turnaway phenomenon are developed and tested via structural equation modelling. It was then concluded that exhaustion with work in the IT area, job dissatisfaction, the need to acquire further experience to remain attractive in the job market, the need for professional growth and prior and conscious managerial capacity development for career transition are the main antecedents of the career transition of IT professionals to other functional areas.
Pharmacy duty scheduling problem
Authors: Özpeynirci Özgür , Ağlamaz Ebru 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, we define the pharmacy duty scheduling problem, which requires a subset of pharmacies to be on duty on national holidays, at weekends, and at nights, in order to be able to satisfy the emergency medicine needs. We model the pharmacy duty scheduling problem as a multiperiod p‐median problem with special side constraints, and analyze the computational complexity. We propose a Tabu Search heuristic and develop lower bound (LB) algorithms. We test the performance of mathematical models, Tabu Search heuristic, and the LBs on randomly generated instances. We analyze the current system in İzmir, the third largest city in Turkey, with a population of 3.5 million, and apply solution methods. Our results show that the proposed Tabu Search algorithm suggests improvements on the current system.
Measuring Sustainability Efficiency Using a Two‐Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Halkos George E. , Tzeremes Nickolaos G. , Kourtzidis Stavros A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this article, we apply an additive two‐stage data envelopment analysis estimator on a panel of 20 countries with advanced economies for the time period 1990–2011 in order to create a composite sustainability efficiency index. We use a window‐based approach in order to study the countries over the years. The sustainability efficiency index is decomposed into production efficiency and eco‐efficiency indicators. The results reveal inequalities among the examined countries between the two stages. The eco‐efficiency stage is characterized by large inequalities among countries and significantly lower efficiency scores than the overall sustainability efficiency and the production efficiency. Finally, it is reported that a country's high production efficiency level does not ensure a high eco‐efficiency performance.