bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Technico-financière de l’embouche bovine en zone forestière au Cameroun
Authors: Ngah Patrick Freddy Bouli Osoe , Kana Ornella Sokeng , Hako Arnaud Blaise Touko , Housseini Nihi , Koulagna Denis Koutou , Bitom Lucien Dieudonne , Amougou Gregoire Messi , Babio Pierre Gado 
Published: August 2024

Du 23 novembre 2021 au 23 février 2022, une étude expérimentale d’embouche s’est déroulée au sein de l’Ecole Pratique de Binguela (EPAB) dans la Région du Centre au Cameroun. 40 taureaux de race Goudali de 2 à 3 ans ont été répartis en Lot témoin L0 (10 sujets) et lots expérimentaux (L1 et L2 de 15 sujets). Trois rations constituées uniquement de Pennisetum purpureum pour le lot L0, de Pennisetum et d’une supplémentation sans son de blé pour le lot L1 et avec son de blé pour le lot L2 ont été distribuées aux sujets pendant 90 jours. A l’issue de l’expérimentation, un Gain de poids moyen de 74,94±13,11 kg, 102,17±18,49 kg et 116,03±17,66 kg pour un Indice de consommation 21,99±25,09 ; 9,60±5,35 et 8,04±3,38 ont été obtenus pour L0, L1 et L3.Sur le plan financier, la réalisation de l’embouche a nécessité la mobilisation de 546483,33±83123,24 FCFA ; 1436620,83±318522,40 FCFA ; 1490620,83±338776,76 FCFA respectivement pour L, L1 et L2 et permis dans le même ordre de générer une marge bénéficiaire par animal de 71812,96±6594,69 FCFA, 109651,94±18 057,62 FCFA et 108998,61±19629,58 FCFA. Une différence significative (p<0,05) a été observée pour les paramètres zootechniques et financiers entre les lots expérimentaux et le Lot témoin, ce dernier ayant une meilleure rentabilité.

English title: Technical and financial evaluation of cattle fattening in forest area in Cameroon
From November 23, 2021 to February 23, 2022, an experimental fattening study took place at the Binguela Practical School (EPAB) in the Center Region of Cameroon. 40 Goudali bulls aged of 2 to 3 years were divided into control batch L0 (10 subjects) and experimental batches (L1 and L2 of 15 subjects). Three rations consisting only of Pennisetum purpureum for batch L0, Pennisetum and supplementation without wheat bran for batch L1 and with wheat bran for batch L2 were distributed to the subjects for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, an average weight gain of 74.94±13.11 kg, 102.17±18.49 kg and 116.03±17.66k g for a consumption index of 21.99±25.09; 9.60±5.35 and 8.04±3.38 were obtained respectively for L0, L1 and L3. Financially, carrying out the fattening required the mobilization of 546 483.33±83 123.24 FCFA; 1 436 620.83±318 522.40 FCFA; 1 490 620.83±338 776.76 FCFA respectively for L0, L1 and L2. The activity generated a profit margin per animal of 71 812.96±6 594.69 FCFA, 109 651.94±18 057.62 FCFA and 108 998.61±19 629.58 FCFA. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for all the zootechnical and financial parameters between the experimental batches and the control batch, the latter having better profitability.
Identification of fungal species isolated from diseased cabbages in the western highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Nsah Francoline S. , Kinge Tonjock R. , Annih Mbong G. 
Published: August 2024

Some fungal species of cabbage are pathogenic contributing significantly to pre-harvest and post-harvest loses leading to food insecurity. Therefore, a study was carried out to identify fungal species on diseased cabbage in the Western highlands of Cameroon. One hundred samples of diseased cabbage were collected from Santa and Dschang. Fungal species was isolated from the leaves, and cultural and molecular identification of the Internal Transcript Spacer (ITS) and Translation Elongation Factor (TEF) gene regions was done. The results of cultural study indicated that out of 100 samples, 81 were infected with fungi species. The results of molecular identification of fungal isolates base on ITS regions revealed that a total of 45 fungal species belonging to 12 genera with Trichoderma being the highest with 16 isolates followed by Fusarium with 10 isolates. The fungal species identified from TEF regions showed that 51 species of fungal species were isolated from cabbage belonging to 8 genera with Trichoderma the most dominant (26 species) closely followed by Fusarium (16 species). The results clearly revealed that molecular identification was more accurate in identifying fungi species than the cultural method. The identified fungal species will be used in pathogenicity test to know the actual pathogens of cabbage and to devise appropriate control measures.
Subcutaneous immunotherapy against tree pollen, grass pollen, artemisia pollen, <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and house dust mites efficiency mediators: a review
Authors: Lisiecka Maria Zofia 
Published: August 2024

Subcutaneous immunotherapy is a preferred desensitization technique against allergens, however generalized efficacy criteria are lacking. This research aimed to gather data on methods to determine the efficacy of subcutaneous therapy for various allergens including tree pollen, grass pollen, artemisia pollen, Alternaria alternata and house dust mites. Immunologic methods assessing IgE, interleukin levels, arachidonic acid metabolites, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ in patient plasma pre and post-treatment are best to determine efficacy as these markers directly relate to allergic reactions. In this study publications, scientific articles and research related to the effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy against tree pollen (hazelnut, alder, birch), grass pollen, artemisia pollen, Alternaria alternata and house dust mites were used. An extensive review of the scientific literature using various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, was carried out. Clinical parameters depend on reaction type. For atopic dermatitis, SCORAD and visual analog scales reflect skin damage and quality of life. For asthma, PEFR, FEV1 and FVC 25%-75% determine bronchoobstruction severity. For rhinoconjunctivitis, visual analog and RQLQ scales assess quality of life and severity. Other efficacy measures are reductions in maintenance medications, glucocorticoids, and provocation test responses.
State of knowledge and research perspectives of <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i> subspecies <i>birrea</i>: a review
Authors: Satassa Hien , Lassina Traore , Kuilpoko Guissou Laure Marie , Mette Anne Lykke 
Published: August 2024

Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea is an underutilized indigenous fruit tree from sub-Saharan Africa. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about this species and identify research and development perspectives. Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions were used to compile scientific articles, books, and thesis. Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea is well-known throughout its distribution range. Its fruit pulp and seeds are widely used for human consumption, leaves, bark, and roots are valued in traditional medicine. However genetic and phenotypic diversity of this species remains undescribed. The population structure shows that the species is underrepresented in the smaller diameter size classes, indicating a potential future decline. To facilitate conservation and domestication efforts of Sclerocarya birrea subspecies birrea, further research is needed to assess the species varieties included local knowledge, as well as, regeneration potential, fruit yield, and commercialization potentials.
Évaluation de la qualité des sels alimentaires consommés au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Tidiane , Ndiolene Adrienne , Traore Alassane , Ndiaye Maguette , Sidibe Mamadou , Diop Cheikh Abdoul Khadir 
Published: August 2024

Le sel de cuisine de qualité alimentaire est iodé pour des motifs de santé publique, pour prévenir les troubles dus à une déficience en iode (TDI). Les quantités maximales et minimales sont normés. Le sel, produit naturel, contient des métaux lourds, des sulfates… en proportion variable. Certains éléments traces métalliques peuvent devenir toxiques lorsque la concentration dépasse un certain seuil. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la qualité des sels de cuisine au Sénégal. Cette qualité sera évaluée par rapport à la norme Sénégalaise NS03-037 (1994). De septembre à octobre 2022, cent douze (112) échantillons de sels ont été collectés à Dakar, Fatick, Thiès et Kaolack, Tambacounda, Saint-Louis et Ziguinchor. Les teneurs d’iode ont été déterminés par la méthode NS03-038 (1994). Les métaux lourds ont été déterminé par ICP-OES. L’analyse qualitative des sulfates, carbonates et autres éléments chimiques a été effectuée par spectroscopies de fluorescence-x et infrarouge. Le dosage des sulfates a été effectué par spectrophotomètre Hach DR3900 par la méthode turbidimétrique après réaction avec le baryum du réactif SulfaVer 4. Les résultats révèlent que 25% des sels ont des teneurs d’iode comprise entre 30-50 ppm c’est-à-dire adéquatement iodés. Par ailleurs nos résultats ont montré que 50% des échantillons étaient sous-iodés et 25% sur-iodés. Les teneurs en métaux lourds (As, Cd, Hg, Pb et Cu) sont globalement acceptables par rapport à la norme sénégalaise en concordance avec la norme codex. La quantification des sulfates montre de fortes teneurs. L’étude montre que l’état d’iodation des sels n’est pas satisfaisant et ils contiennent d’autres éléments chimiques comme les sulfates. Ceci montre que des actions urgentes doivent être menées pour améliorer la qualité du sel iodé au Sénégal.
Free radical scavenging activity and HPLC-MS identification of major anthocyanin in ripe <i>Ziziphus mucronata</i> fruit collected in Burkina Faso
Authors: Noba Arrounan , Dabire Constantin M. , Bationo Remy K. , Bazie Bazoin Sylvain Raoul , Ouoba Paulin , Koala Moumouni , Hema Adama , Kabre Elie , Pale Eloi , Nacro Mouhoussine 
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, interest in anthocyanin pigments has increased due to their possible use as natural food colorants, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to identify the major anthocyanins in ripe Ziziphus mucronata fruit harvested in the Niangoloko classified forest. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify anthocyanins. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the spectrophotometric method of Khan (2012) respectively. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was obtained using a differential pH method. Total antioxidant potential (TAC) was carried out using DPPH and ABTS tests. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were major anthocyanins identified by HPLC-MS. Quantitative analysis showed that this fruit contains an average of 321 ± 11 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), 3815 ± 15 mg quercetin equivalent (QE), and 9.64 ± 0.70 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent per 100 g fresh fruit. Total antioxidant contents ranged between 206.57 ± 7.00 and 88.72 ± 0.87 mg TE/100 g fresh fruit. Free radical scavenging activity of Ziziphus mucronata fruit was found to be 342.90 µg/mL, while that of standard Trolox was 21.8 µg/mL. Therefore, Ziziphus mucronata fruit could be a potential source of natural bioactive substances of great interest to consumers.
Acute toxicity assessment of chloroxylenol on the whirligig beetle, <i>Orectogyrus alluaudi</i> (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae)
Authors: Amusan Babatunde O. , Koleosho Ayorinde F. , Richard Godswill E. 
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the acute toxicological effects of different concentrations of chloroxylenol (PCMX), an active ingredient in most liquid cleaning products, on the whirligig beetle Orectogyrus alluaudi Regimbart, 1889. This was done with the aim of determining the potential lethal effects of the chemical on this aquatic beetles. Whirligig beetles sourced from an unpolluted stream were subjected to varying concentrations of PCMX in controlled laboratory conditions. Five concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 mg/l were utilized alongside control groups, with exposure durations spanning 24 to 96 hours. Observations revealed alterations in the beetles' behaviour and swimming patterns preceding mortality. Calculated median lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24 to 96 hours demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in mortality rates, with LC50 values ranging from 21.587 to 7.819 mg/L. This study underscores the detrimental impact of PCMX on aquatic beetle populations, providing valuable insights into the environmental risks associated with common cleaning agents.
Exploring <i>Chamaerops humilis L.</i> fruit: physical, chemical, sensory, and FTIR analysis, along with optimization of phenolic antioxidant extraction
Authors: Derraji Hamza , Kzaiber Fouzia , Oussama Abdelkhalek , Terouzi Wafa 
Published: August 2024

The Beni Mellal-Khenifra region in Morocco boasts one of the largest forested areas in the country, rich in resources that remain underutilized. Among these resources is the Chamaerops humilis L. fruit, which is the focus of this study. Despite its potential value, the fruit has been largely overlooked. In this study, we comprehensively examined the physical-chemical, phytochemical screening, and sensory attributes of Chamaerops humilis L. fruit. Physical analysis revealed variations in fruit size, weight, providing insights into factors influencing these characteristics. Chemical analysis unveiled the fruit's moderate titratable acidity, mildly acidic pH, substantial dry matter content, and noteworthy ash content, indicative of its nutritional composition. The extraction of phenolic compounds total phenolic content TPC, total flavonoid content TFC and antioxidant DPPH (IC50) activity was optimized using simplex centroid design using various extractor solvents (acetone, water and methanol) as well as their combinations in pairs (binary) and threes (ternary). The outcomes showed that the best combination for achieving the highest levels of TPC and TFC, along with enhanced antioxidant activities was the binary acetone-water mixture. Sensory evaluation indicated a moderately acceptable taste, well-received color, and other organoleptic qualities, offering valuable insights into consumer preferences. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy identified seven distinctive bands in the fruit pulp spectrum, providing evidence of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and unique functional groups within the fruit. These findings collectively enhance our understanding of the multifaceted utility of Chamaerops humilis L. fruit, highlighting its potential in nutrition and traditional medicine, and emphasize the importance of further research to explore its applications and promote dietary diversity and well-being.
Évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique du lait cru produit et commercialisé à Moundou (Tchad)
Authors: Gondimo Elysee Gabdibe , Doutoum Abdelsalam Adoum , Nazal Alhadj Markhous , Djamalladine Doungous Mahamat , N'djekouanodji Serge , Tidjani Abdelsalam 
Published: August 2024

Cette étude menée dans le but d’évaluer la qualité physico-chimique du lait cru produit à Moundou au Tchad a porté sur trente (30) échantillons qui ont été analysés au laboratoire physico-chimie du Centre de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires (CECOQDA) de N’Djaména. Le pH a été mesuré au moyen d’un pH-mètre électronique, l’acidité Dornic par titration, la densité au moyen du rapport entre le même volume de lait et de l’eau, les matières grasses par la méthode soxhlet et les protéines par la méthode Kjeldahl. Les résultats ont montré un pH satisfaisant dans 70% de cas avec une valeur moyenne de 6,69, la densité avec une moyenne de 1,019 n’était satisfaisante que dans 6,70% de cas et l’acidité titrable n’a montré aucune satisfaction sur les trente échantillons considérés. La proportion satisfaisante de matières grasses n’était que de 16,70%. Le dosage des protéines était satisfaisant dans 33,33% de cas contre 66,70% d’échantillons qui avaient une teneur faible. Ces résultats d’analyses physico-chimiques compromettant l’innocuité du lait pourraient servir à sensibiliser les acteurs de cette filière en vue d’une amélioration de leur niveau de technicité.

English title: Evaluation of the physico-chemical quality of raw milk produced and marketed in Moundou (Chad)
This study, carried out to assess the physico-chemical quality of raw milk produced in Moundou, Chad, involved thirty (30) samples which were analyzed at physico-chemical laboratory of Physico-chemistry laboratory of the Food Quality Control Center (CECOQDA). pH was measured using an electronic pH meter, Dornic acidity by titration, density by the ratio of the same volume of milk to water, fat by the soxhlet method and protein by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed a satisfactory pH in 70% of cases, with an average value of 6.69; density, with an average of 1.019, was only satisfactory in 6.70% of cases, and titratable acidity was not satisfactory in any of the thirty samples considered. The satisfactory fat content was only 16.70%. Protein levels were satisfactory in 33.33% of cases, compared with 66.70% of samples with low levels. These results of physico-chemical analyses compromising the safety of milk could be used to raise the awareness of the players in this sector with a view to improving their level of technical expertise.
Radiometric and geomagnetic study of Kargi area, Marsabit – Kenya; radiation as possible cancer cause
Authors: Aguko Willis , Kinyua Robert , Githiri John Gitonga 
Published: August 2024

Radiometric and Magnetic studies were carried out in Kargi, at 2°28´36.9984˝ and 2°31´14.9988˝ N and 37°32´34.0008˝ and 37°36´6.9984˝ E. The focus of this study was to characterize radio-activity in soil and water, to find out possible causes of radiation in this area by studying magnetic intensities, zones considered anomalous with deepness to magnetic sources and outlining sub-surface structures. 117 soil and 14 water samples were picked from the entire Kargi and analyzed for radionuclides due to 40K, 232Th and 226Ra. Measurement methods of proton magnetometer and γ-spectrometer using a high purity detector – germanium (HPGe) were basically utilized to gauge the magnetic survey and radiological hazard of radio-activities respectively. A total of 51 magnetic field measurements were taken on the eastern part of Kargi, a place suspected to have more concentration of radionuclides. The data was corrected and magnetic anomaly map plotted. Surfer 10 and GeosoftR Oasis Montaj software were used to process the magnetic data. 40K, 232Th and 226Ra had computed mean activities of 353.20±110.07, 7.97±3.98 and 7.38±2.59 Bq/kg for soil and 3.55±3.04, 2.20±2.74 and 52.68±25.07 Bql-1 for water respectively. Qualitative interpretation from magnetic intensity map showed lows and highs with variation in amplitude between -791 nT to 420 nT, an indication of lineament structures. Euler Deconvolution of magnetic data revealed the structures orientation, their depths together with the alignment of the anomalous zones to the base. Radially averaged power spectrum of magnetic data show depth estimates ranging between 100 m to 480 m indicating the total depth estimate to that that produced the observed anomalies. The values of annual effective doses together with Radium equivalent (Raeq) values for tested soil and water samples were below international standards making this area regarded safe to humans for agricultural practices, buildings, drinking and other purposes. Magnetic anomaly results show that radiation in the area could be originating from base rocks and not buried objects as the rock spreads along the area.
Project procurement process and performance of major dam projects in Kenya
Authors: Monyenye Vincent. O. , Lango Benard. , Miroga Julius. , Cheruiyot Charles. K. 
Published: August 2024

Effective major dam project procurement process in sourcing for quality construction materials and qualified professionals has huge positive effect on performance of major dams. In Kenya however, situation analysis reports on some major dam projects revealed low and questionable performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of project procurement process on performance of major dam projects in Kenya. The study utilized descriptive research design, with a sample size of 221 respondents comprising officials from ministries of water sanitation and irrigation and other government departments, water service organizations, donors and local persons directly affected by dam construction projects. Respondents were selected through stratified sampling, and primary data collected using a questionnaire. Content and construct validity was used to test the data collection tool, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for assessment of instrument’s reliability. The data was analysed using IBM SPPS Version 24, while descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize data through frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics was used to ascertain the relationship between the variables. Both descriptive and linear regression analysis results showed that project procurement process has significant positive influence on performance of major dam projects in Kenya. The study concluded that transparent project procurement approaches like clear competitive bidding and effective contract management methods can significantly influence performance of major dam projects in Kenya. The study recommended that relevant dam project management authorities ensure that the entire procurement process for supply of quality goods and services and cost controls is effective and above board, and the risks well managed. Additionally, an environment effective collaboration between project team members and suppliers should always be in place.
The effect of water stress on growth and development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in lower Eastern region of Kenya
Authors: Kinyae Ngulu James , Ochieng Adimo Aggrey , Karambu Rimberia Fredah , Bosco Mukundi John 
Published: August 2024

The relationship between the plasticity of different mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties to soil water stress conditions needs a better understanding as a potential crop adaptation to changing climate. This study was investigated the effects of different water regimes on growth and development of different mango varieties. Measurements of mango plants' morphological and physiological variables during the progressive imposition of soil water stress were performed within a controlled environment. Eight mango varieties were grown under water stress treatments of 90%, 65% and 35% of field capacity (FC) on split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on shoot height and diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, temperature and water potential were collected fortnightly, for nine months and means computed to reflect varietal response under increasing water stress (90% FC to 35% FC level). Results showed significant (p=0.001) reduction in shoot height by 32.1% and shoot diameter by 29.05%. A significant (p=0.05) reduction in leaf chlorophyll content and leafwater potential by 13.5% and 90% respectively was observed, while leaf temperature significantly (p=0.05) increased by 20.8%. From the results; Keitt, Sabine, Tommy Atkins and VanDyke showed better performance in shoot growth and leaf parameters under high water stress. For all varieties, high water stress significantly suppressed shoot growth, leaf chlorophyll content production and increased leaf temperature and leaf water potential. None of the varieties showed optimal phenotypic plasticity on both leaf growth and physiological parameters under highest soil water stress. We emphasize the considerable need of investigating, over a period of at least five years, the effect of water stress on mango yield in the farms located in mango-growing areas.