bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of cognitive assessment as part of the “Kihon Checklist” developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for prediction of frailty at a 2‐year follow up
Authors: Fukutomi Eriko , Okumiya Kiyohito , Wada Taizo , Sakamoto Ryota , Ishimoto Yasuko , Kimura Yumi , Kasahara Yoriko , Chen Wen‐Ling , Imai Hissei , Fujisawa Michiko , Otuka Kuniaki , Matsubayashi Kozo 
Published: November 2012

AimTo investigate which category in the “Kihon Checklist” developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare can predict functional decline for community‐dwelling elderly people at a 2‐year follow up.MethodWe compared comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) between “specified elderly individuals” at high risk of requiring long‐term care insurance (LTCI) and “uncertified elderly people” (neither certified under LTCI nor “specified”), and also compared CGA between the risk group and non‐risk group, in subcategories of the “Kihon Checklist”, such as physical strength, nutrition/oral function, overall low score on questions 1–20, houseboundness, cognitive function, and depression risk. The study population consisted of 527 elderly participants aged 75 years and older in a cross‐sectional study, and 382 in a longitudinal study. CGA was assessed for basic and higher functional activities of daily living (ADL), depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QOL). The Student's t‐test was used in the cross‐sectional study and ANOVA with repeated measures was used in the longitudinal analysis.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional study, the risk group had lower functions in all CGA items than the non‐risk group in all subcategories of the “Kihon Checklist.” In the longitudinal study, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence scores and its three subscales declined in the risk group both in physical and cognitive subcategories compared with the non‐risk group, whereas only one or two subscales of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence declined in “specified” and the other two subcategories of the Kihon ChecklistConclusionIn both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies, the assessment of physical strength and cognitive function was more useful to detect frail elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 654–662.
Risk factors for acquiring extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in geriatric patients with multiple comorbidities in respiratory care wards
Authors: Lin Hsiu‐Chen , Lai Li‐An , Wu Jui‐Yu , Su Yih‐Ming , Chang Su‐Ping , Hsueh Yu‐Mei 
Published: November 2012

AimExtended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae is associated with a high mortality rate and increased medical care costs. Elderly patients might receive mechanical ventilation with respiratory treatment for the long term in respiratory care wards (RCW). This retrospective case–control study sought to determine the risk factors for geriatric patients who acquire a urinary tract infection with ESBL‐producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae in this type of hospital.MethodsTwo RCW participated in this study from September 2006 to March 2007. Patients suspected of having a UTI were enrolled in this study. Urine samples were collected for culture. The medical records and demographic data of patients, including days of hospitalization, comorbidities and duration of invasive instruments, were recorded. UTI was diagnosed by physicians. ESBL‐producing isolates were detected using the phenotypic confirmatory tests according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute standards.ResultsThere were 109 patients having 240 sets of clinical data and laboratory specimens. The prevalence of ESBL‐producing isolates of E. coli. and K. pneumoniae were 39.5% and 69.7%, respectively. Patients with multiple underlying comorbidities (OR = 2.88, P < 0.05) or receiving more than two antimicrobial agents (OR = 3.71, P < 0.05) were at an increased risk for acquiring the ESBL‐producing microorganisms after adjustment for sex, age and days of hospitalization.ConclusionsGeriatric patients with recent exposure to two or more antibiotics and two or more numbers of comorbidities were at risk for ESBL‐producing organism infection. Our results suggest that infection control procedures in RCW should be concerned with reducing antimicrobial prescriptions and patient comorbidities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 663–671.
Ants protect conifer seedlings from feeding damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis
Authors: Maňák Vítězslav , Nordenhem Henrik , Björklund Niklas , Lenoir Lisette , Nordlander Göran 
Published: November 2012

Ants that protect food resources on plants may prey on (or deter) herbivores and thereby reduce damage. Red wood ants (of the Formica rufa group) are dominant ants in boreal forests of Eurasia and affect the local abundance of several herbivorous species.
The pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) is a herbivore that causes severe damage by feeding on the bark of coniferous seedlings within areas of forest regeneration.
We investigated whether ants can protect conifer seedlings from pine weevil feeding. In a manipulative experiment, ants were attracted to sugar baits attached to spruce seedlings and the damage caused by pine weevils was compared with control seedlings without ant‐baits.
The feeding‐scar area was approximately one‐third lower on the seedlings with ant‐baits compared with the controls. Besides red wood ants, Myrmica ants were also attracted in high numbers to the ant baits and the relative effects of these species are discussed.
The results obtained in the present study support the trophic cascade hypothesis (i.e. damage to herbivores is suppressed in the presence of predators). The decreased pine weevil feeding on the baited seedlings was probably a result of nonconsumptive interactions [i.e. the presence of (or harassment by) ants distracting pine weevils from feeding].
Understanding the role of ants may have important implications for future strategies aiming to control pine weevil damage. For example, maintaining suitable conditions for ants after harvesting stands may be an environmentally friendly but currently unexploited method of for decreasing weevil damage.
Pupil size varies with word listening and response selection difficulty in older adults with hearing loss
Authors: Kuchinsky Stefanie E. , Ahlstrom Jayne B. , Vaden Kenneth I. , Cute Stephanie L. , Humes Larry E. , Dubno Judy R. , Eckert Mark A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractListening to speech in noise can be exhausting, especially for older adults with impaired hearing. Pupil dilation is thought to track the difficulty associated with listening to speech at various intelligibility levels for young and middle‐aged adults. This study examined changes in the pupil response with acoustic and lexical manipulations of difficulty in older adults with hearing loss. Participants identified words at two signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) among options that could include a similar‐sounding lexical competitor. Growth Curve Analyses revealed that the pupil response was affected by an SNR × Lexical competition interaction, such that it was larger and more delayed and sustained in the harder SNR condition, particularly in the presence of lexical competition. Pupillometry detected these effects for correct trials and across reaction times, suggesting it provides additional evidence of task difficulty than behavioral measures alone.
k‐separator chordal graphs: leafage and subfamilies
Authors: Markenzon Lilian , Pereira Paulo Renato da Costa , Waga Christina F. E. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe leafage of a chordal graph G is the minimum number of leaves among the clique‐trees of G. In this paper, based on properties of the minimal vertex separators, the leafage of a k‐separator chordal graph is determined in linear time. This result allows establishment of the relationship of some subfamilies of chordal graphs, such as k‐trees, interval and uniquely representable chordal graphs.
The radula of the Late Cretaceous scaphitid ammonite Rhaeboceras halli (Meek and Hayden, 1856)
Authors: KRUTA ISABELLE , LANDMAN NEIL , ROUGET ISABELLE , CECCA FABRIZIO , TAFFOREAU PAUL 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  Radular teeth occur between the jaws in two specimens of the Late Cretaceous scaphitid ammonite Rhaeboceras halli (Meek and Hayden, 1856) from the Western Interior of the United States. The detailed morphology of the teeth has been revealed by propagation phase contrast X‐ray synchrotron microtomography. Each row of the radula of R. halli consists of a total of seven teeth (a central rachidian, two pairs of lateral and one pair of marginal teeth), as in other known ammonoid radulae, although the central tooth could not be confirmed in the specimens examined. The lateral teeth are multicuspid and robust, and the marginal teeth are long (4.6 mm) and slender. In overall morphology, the heterodont and ctenoglossan radula of R. halli is similar that of Jurassic and Cretaceous ammonites with the same aptychus‐type lower jaw, that is, the Aptychophora. This discovery reveals the range of variation in radular morphology, which could be related to ecological or phylogenetic factors. It also invalidates the hypothesis that the hook‐like structures in R. halli previously described are radular elements.
Schadenfreude as a mate‐value‐tracking mechanism
Authors: COLYN LEISHA A. , GORDON ANNE K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study proposed a new theoretical formulation of schadenfreude as a psychological mechanism that responds to misfortunes that lower competitors' mate value. In Study 1, participants reported schadenfreude in response to their friends' naturally occurring and hypothetical misfortunes. In Study 2, participants reported schadenfreude in response to an envied friend experiencing a hypothetical misfortune linked with female or male mate value. As predicted, females in both studies reported more schadenfreude when a same‐gender friend experienced a misfortune that lowered her physical attractiveness versus social status. Less consistent support was found for the prediction that males would report more schadenfreude when a same‐gender friend experienced a misfortune that lowered his social status versus physical attractiveness. This study suggests several directions for future research.
Reconstructing the Energy History of a City
Authors: Baynes Timothy M. , Bai Xuemei 
Published: November 2012

SummaryFor informed decision making about the current state and near future of any city, it is important to consider the long‐term resource use trajectory and legacy of its past. Such information is not always readily available. Urban metabolism analysis for any given time period can be challenging due to the lack of metropolitan‐ or city‐level data, and reconstructing a time series of urban energy or material flows is seldom attempted. For the case of Melbourne, Australia, we demonstrate how time series operational energy demand and supply data can be reconstructed from original sources. Primary energy consumption is calculated based on direct and upstream energy use in common with “scope 2” standards for emissions reporting. This extends the usual treatment of energy in urban metabolism studies by (1) providing time series data and (2) attributing upstream primary energy consumption to sectors based on their direct secondary energy usage. Results indicate that the transport, commercial, manufacturing, and residential sectors have contributed most to the doubling of Melbourne's energy consumption over four decades. We discuss recent urban development history and its relation to energy consumption and briefly examine potential scenarios of and responses to future change.
Generating a Minimal Set of Templates for the Hippocampal Region in MR Neuroimages
Authors: Cataldo R. , Agrusti A. , De Nunzio G. , Carlà A. , De Mitri I. , Favetta M. , Quarta M. , Monno L. , Rei L. , Fiorina E. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESWe detail a procedure for generating a set of templates for the hippocampal region in magnetic resonance (MR) images, representative of the clinical conditions of the population under investigation.METHODSThe first step is robust standardization of the intensity scale of brain MR images, belonging to patients with different degrees of neuropathology (Alzheimer's disease). So similar tissues have similar intensities, even across images coming from different sources. After the automatic extraction of the hippocampal region from a large dataset of images, we address template generation, choosing by clusterization methods a small number of the extracted regions.RESULTSWe assess that template generation is largely independent on the clusterization method and on the number and the clinical condition of the patients. The templates are chosen as the most representative images in a population. The estimation of the “minimum” number of templates for the hippocampal region can be proposed, using a metric based on the geometrical position of the extracted regions.CONCLUSIONSThis study describes a simple and easily reproducible procedure to generate templates for the hippocampal region. It can be generalized and applied to other brain regions, which may be relevant for neuroimaging studies.
Cerebral Blood Flow Dynamics of Orthostatic Transient Ischemic Attacks in a Patient with Carotid Dissection and Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Derksen Carol , Saqqur Maher , Khan Khurshid , Jeerakathil Thomas , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn patients with critical carotid stenosis and ischemic stroke, it is crucial to determine whether distal hypoperfusion or artery‐to‐artery embolism is the predominant mechanism. The role of transcranial doppler (TCD) in this setting is vital. We report a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia and recurrent orthostatic transient ischemic attacks where fall in cerebral perfusion was clearly demonstrated by TCD.
Erectile Dysfunction Diagnosis and Treatment as a Means to Improve Medication Adherence and Optimize Comorbidity Management
Authors: Scranton Richard E. , Goldstein Irwin , Stecher Vera J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Optimal pharmacologic management of diseases comorbid with erectile dysfunction (ED), such as cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS), is dependent upon long-term treatment compliance and may be complicated by poor adherence to medication use. ED may contribute to poor adherence to medication use because poor quality erectile function may be an unwanted adverse effect of antihypertensives, antidepressants, and 5-α reductase inhibitors for treatment of BPH/LUTS. Diminished erectile spontaneity, rigidity, and/or sustaining capability also negatively affects mood, self-esteem, and confidence, which compromise motivation to be compliant with medications that treat diseases comorbid with ED.

Aim
Literature review was performed to explore the role of ED diagnosis and effective treatment in enhancing overall management of selected ED comorbidities, highlighting the role of medication adherence.

Methods
Several PubMed searches were performed.

Results
Diagnosis and successful treatment of concomitant ED may promote improved adherence and management of comorbid diseases. Concomitant ED management may improve treatment outcome, decrease healthcare costs, and possibly prevent or even improve deterioration in medical conditions comorbid with ED. Because ED is a silent marker and predictor of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease, earlier diagnosis of ED may provide an opportunity to prevent future cardiovascular events. In men presenting with complaints of ED, screening for, monitoring, and appropriately treating diseases that are comorbid with ED is essential. Screening for and appropriately treating ED is important for enhanced life quality and improved motivation in men with existing ED comorbidities or risk factors.

Conclusions
Appropriate management of ED and its risk factors may have beneficial effects on diseases that are comorbid with ED, and vice versa, most likely via shared pathophysiological pathways. Clinicians may need to consider men's health overall, of which sexual health is a central component, in order to provide optimal disease management.
SINGLE‐STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM (SSCP) ANALYSIS OF HLA‐DRB1*1101‐06
Authors: Mora B. , Petronzelli F. , Grillo R. , Ferrante P. , Mazzilli M. C. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYSingle‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been developed as a method for detecting the presence of mutations in a segment of DNA. We applied it to the subtyping of the DR11 group of alleles. The SSCP patterns of DRB1‐DR52 group‐specific products were defined in cell lines representing the DRB1*1101‐06 alleles, using non‐denaturing acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Only one set of gel electrophoresis conditions was able to discriminate the DR11 alleles tested. The protocol was validated in an analysis of 105 DR11‐positive individuals previously typed by oligonucleotides probing. The study demonstrates the suitability of the SSCP technique to define the DRB1*1101‐06 alleles, the technique being particularly valuable in confirming and extending the oligotyping of DRB1‐DR52 heterozygous samples.
EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE DISTINCT MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS I LINEAGES IN TELEOSTEAN FISH*
Authors: Van Erp S. H. M. , Egberts E. , Stet R. J. M. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn the context of studies on the expression of MhcCyca‐Z sequences of the common carp, PCR amplifications of exon 4 were performed on cDNA obtained from pooled thymi of 20 carp F1 individuals. Five recombinant clones (Cyca‐TC3, ‐TC13, ‐TC15, ‐TC17 and ‐TC18) were found to be 96% similar to the exon 4 region of Cyca‐ZA1. Each of the five sequences was unique, and differed in a few positions in both the nucleotide and the derived amino acid sequences from any of the Cyca‐Z sequences known to date. These data suggest that multiple Z genes per locus are present in the carp, which are transcribed in the thymus. In the course of analysing the amplified Cyca‐Z sequences, serendipity yielded a clone, Cyca‐TC16, containing a class I‐like sequence substantially different from any other carp class I sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of Cyca‐TC16 was most similar to the class I genes (Lach‐U) from the coelacanth (42–46% amino acid identity). Cyca‐TC16 contains three conserved β2‐microglobulin contact residues, and the secondary structure was predicted by computer algorithms to be similar to that of the α3 domain of HLA‐A2. Phylogenetic analysis shows that carp class I sequences reside in four distinct clusters: (i) Cyca‐Z, Cyca‐TC3, ‐TC13, ‐TC15, ‐TC17 and ‐TC18 together with Caau‐Z from ginbuna crucian carp, (ii) Cyca‐U with Bree‐U (zebrafish) and Sasa‐p30 (Atlantic salmon), (iii) Cyca‐TC16 with Lach‐U (coelacanth), and (iv) Cyca‐C4.
ELISA ANTI‐HLA ANTIBODY SCREENING IDENTIFIES NON‐COMPLEMENT‐FIXING ANTIBODIES RESPONSIBLE FOR ACUTE GRAFT REJECTION. A CASE REPORT
Authors: Nanni‐Costa A. , Scolari M. P. , Iannelli S. , Vangelista A. , Buscaroli A. , D'Arcangelo G. Liviano , Buttazzi R. , Sanctis L. B. de , Todeschini P. , Stefoni S. , Bonomini V. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYWe report on a kidney transplant recipient experiencing an unexpected early acute vascular graft rejection. Retrospective analysis of patient serum samples, utilizing a new ELISA HLA screening technique, revealed that the rejection crisis and the subsequent graft loss were due to a pretransplant donor‐specific pre‐sensitization caused by a non‐complement‐fixing antibody of IgG2 class. The case illustrates the clinical significance of non‐complement‐fixing anti‐HLA antibodies. In addition it is shown that ELISA methods are suitable for detecting potentially harmful donor pre‐sensitization in waiting‐list patients not detectable by standard lymphocytotoxicity techniques. Hence ELISA could be an alternative to flow cytometry for this purpose. It is concluded that screening and cross‐matching techniques which detect non‐complement‐fixing anti‐HLA antibodies could improve graft outcome, and should form part of the immunological monitoring of kidney transplant waiting‐list patients.
Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Different Diseases in Thailand
Authors: Lumlertgul Dusit , Suteeka Yuttitham , Tumpong Supaluck , Bunnachak Derek , Boonkaew Suchada 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDouble filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was applied to the treatment of two different categories from 100 cases that had been collected over a 5 year period (2007–2011). These categories were allocated into groups by size of toxic substances, which were classified as two different kinds of diseases. Group I comprised diseases that were caused by alloimmunity in transplantation, autoimmune diseases, complicated nephrotic syndrome, pure red cell aplasia, and toxemia of pregnancy. This group was treated with a plasma separator (plasmaflow‐05, Asahi Kasei) and plasma fractionators, EC‐20W. The second group, which included hyperviscosity syndrome, was treated by the same plasma separator, but with different plasma fractionators using EC‐40W. This group included diabetes nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, peripheral arterial diseases, and neurosensory hearing loss. Both groups used 1.5 plasma volumes in each treatment for three sessions in two consecutive weeks. The result of treatment in group I showed that plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) was decreased substantially by 66% in either transplant or lupus nephritis patients after the third session. In the second group, IgM, fibrinogen, and lipid markedly responded to the treatment. Two diabetes nephropathy patients showed stable renal function for more than 12 months. Peripheral arterial disease was shown to benefit from significantly decreasing fibrinogen and IgM, which resulted in clinical tissue oxygenation. Neither bleeding diathesis nor membrane anaphylaxis were reported from the treatment. In summary, apheresis patients were shown to benefit in hypersensitized and hyperviscosity syndrome.
‘Witnessing of the Hands’ and Eyes: Surgeons as Medico‐Legal Experts in the Claudine Rouge Affair, Lyon, 1767
Authors: MCCLIVE CATHY 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the celebrated case of Claudine Rouge, the very ordinary medico‐legal role of surgeons as witnesses of the senses took on extraordinary proportions as Claude Champeaux and Jean Faissole were tried in the public and medical arenas for their role in the polemic that surrounded their reading of the signs of drowning in Rouge's putrefied corpse. Beneath concern for a potential miscarriage of justice and the condemnation of innocent men and women, Champeaux and Faissole were used as scapegoats for a trial of the epistemology of witnessing based on the evidence of the senses and the role of legal medicine itself within the ancien régime judiciary.
Smells, Bells and Touch: Iconoclasm in Paris during the French Revolution
Authors: CLAY RICHARD 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which Parisians mobilised sight, smell, touch and sound to alter their city's ‘signscape’ and mediate power relations during the ancien régime and French Revolution. It uses contemporary sources to explore disputes about the treatment of statues of kings, busts of Jean‐Paul Marat, and church bells. Given that impingements on visual signifiers' physical integrity often generated multi‐sensory connotations that were readily understood by contemporaries, it is argued that the historiography of revolutionary iconoclasm has been too oculcentric. The paper ends by concluding that iconoclasm might be productively re‐conceived as a form of sign transformation.