bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA blood expression patterns in new‐onset idiopathic pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Greiner Hansel M. , Horn Paul S. , Holland Katherine , Collins James , Hershey Andrew D. , Glauser Tracy A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Determine if blood messenger RNA (mRNA) expression patterns in children with newly diagnosed untreated idiopathic epilepsy are different from those in healthy controls. Determine the differential expression patterns between epilepsy patients with generalized onset or partial onset seizures compared to healthy controls.Methods:  Whole blood was obtained from otherwise healthy pediatric patients with newly diagnosed untreated idiopathic epilepsy along with healthy pediatric controls. mRNA was isolated and hybridized to Affymetrix HGU 133 2.0+ microarrays. Analysis was performed using Genespring. Differentially expressed gene lists resulted from comparison of (1) epilepsy and control groups and (2) seizure type subgroups with controls. Tissue expression and gene ontology analysis was performed using DAVID.Key Findings:  Thirty‐seven epilepsy patients and 28 controls were included. Overall, 575 genes were differentially expressed in subjects with epilepsy compared to controls. The generalized seizure subgroup versus control (GvC) gene list and the partial seizure subgroup versus control (PvC) gene list were different (p < 0.05). Tissue expression analysis identified almost half of the genes in GvC and PvC as brain based. Functional group analysis identified several biologically relevant pathways. In GvC, these included mitochondria and lymphocyte activation. In PvC, we identified apoptosis, inflammatory defense, and cell motion pathways.Significance:  A unique, biologically meaningful mRNA expression pattern is detectable in whole blood of pediatric subjects with new‐onset and untreated epilepsy. This analysis finds many similar pathways to those identified in brain studies examining lesional intractable epilepsy. Blood mRNA expression patterns show promise as a target for biomarker development in pediatric epilepsy.
Alternative tactics in spawning site selection by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) related to incubation microhabitats in a harsh winter environment
Authors: FRANSSEN JAN , PÉPINO MARC , LAPOINTE MICHEL , MAGNAN PIERRE 
Published: November 2012

Summary1. Species with distributions that span a broad range of latitudes may have populations that exhibit distinct life history traits associated with environmental gradients. The majority of previous studies have indicated a strong association between spawning site selection by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the presence of upwelling groundwater, but does this generalisation extend to the thermal regimes experienced at northern sites?2. We investigated the role of hyporheic flow in redd site selection by brook trout in a relatively high‐latitude boreal system. Hyporheic flows through streambed substratums can be dominated by groundwater or surface water and may be influenced by the presence of morphological features. For autumn spawners such as brook trout, embryos situated in microhabitats where hyporheic flow in the shallow substratum is groundwater dominant (i.e. warmer in winter) are likely to experience accelerated development rates relative to embryos in redds where there is downwelling surface water (i.e. colder in winter).3. We measured vertical hydraulic gradients (VHG) at the microhabitat scale and spatial and temporal variation in upwelling/downwelling flow and thermal regimes in brook trout spawning/incubation habitats. Additionally, we noted the proximity of redd sites to stream morphological features (e.g. riffle crests).4. Our results indicate that upwelling flow was not a decisive cue in redd site selection at the microhabitat scale (100 m) as an approximately equal number of redds were situated in microhabitats with upward flow as compared to microhabitats with downward flow through the redd. Redds situated on bedforms with convex longitudinal profiles (e.g. riffle crests, log steps) were associated with downward flow, whereas redds not immediately adjacent to these bedform features were associated with upward flow. Winter streambed temperatures confirmed that both sites with steady upwelling (i.e. warm incubation regime) and downwelling (i.e. cold incubation regime) were indeed selected by spawners.5. Our observations that spawners utilised both cold‐regime and warm‐regime sites suggests the existence of distinct reproductive tactics related to hyporheic flow patterns in this boreal system. As temperature is the dominant factor controlling rates of embryonic development, the use of spawning microhabitats with distinct thermal regimes implies substantial differences in the timing of hatching and the phenology of emergence.
Comparison of intact polar lipid with microbial community composition of vent deposits of the Rainbow and Lucky Strike hydrothermal fields
Authors: Gibson R. A. , van der Meer M. T. J. , Hopmans E. C. , Reysenbach A.‐L. , Schouten S. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe intact polar lipid (IPL) composition of twelve hydrothermal vent deposits from the Rainbow (RHF) and Lucky Strike hydrothermal fields (LSHF) has been investigated in order to assess its utility as a proxy for microbial community composition associated with deep‐sea hydrothermal locations. Gene‐based culture‐independent surveys of the microbial populations of the same vent deposits have shown that microbial populations are different in the two locations and appear to be controlled by the geochemical and geological processes that drive hydrothermal circulation. Large differences in the IPL composition between these two sites are evident. In the ultramafic‐hosted RHF, mainly archaeal‐IPLs were identified, including those known to be produced by hyperthermophilic Euryarchaeota. More specifically, polyglycosyl derivatives of archaeol and macrocyclic archaeol indicate the presence of hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaea in the vent deposits, which are related to members of the Methanocaldococcaceae or Methanococcaceae. In contrast, bacterial IPLs dominate IPL distributions from LSHF, suggesting that bacteria are more predominant at LSHF than at RHF. Bacterial Diacyl glycerol (DAG) IPLs containing phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine or phosphoglycerol head groups were identified at both vent fields. In some vent deposits from LSHF ornithine lipids and IPLs containing phosphoaminopentanetetrol head groups were also observed. By comparison with previously characterized bacterial communities at the sites, it is likely the DAG‐IPLs observed derive from Epsilon‐ and Gammaproteobacteria. Variation in the relative amounts of archaeal versus bacterial IPLs appears to indicate differences in the microbial community between vent sites. Overall, IPL distributions appear to be consistent with gene‐based surveys.
Metformin: a cheap and well‐tolerated drug that provides benefits for viral infections
Authors: Joven J , Menéndez JA , Fernandez‐Sender L , Espinel E , Rull A , Beltrán‐Debón R , Rodríguez‐Gallego E , Riera‐Borrull M , Pedro‐Botet J , Alonso‐Villaverde C , Camps J , Aragonès G 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesInsulin resistance in viral infections is common. We have explored the effectiveness of metformin for alleviating insulin resistance in HIV‐infected patients and assessed the relevance of the ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) rs11212617 variant in the clinical response with the rationale that metformin modulates cellular bioenergetics in an ATM‐dependent process.MethodsHIV‐infected patients (n = 385) were compared with controls recruited from the general population (n = 300) with respect to the genotype distribution of the ATM rs11212617 variant and its influence on selected metabolic and inflammatory variables. We also followed up a subset of male patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection (n = 47) who were not receiving antiviral treatment and for whom metformin was prescribed for insulin resistance, which tends to have a higher incidence and severity in coinfected patients.ResultsAmong the HIV‐infected patients, human cytomegalovirus (91.9%) and HCV (62.3%) coinfections were frequent. Selected metabolic and/or inflammatory variables were significantly altered in infected patients. Treatment with metformin in HIV and HCV coinfected patients was well tolerated and significantly increased the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. The minor allele (C) of the rs11212617 variant was associated with treatment success and may affect the course of insulin resistance in response to metformin (odds ratio 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.39; P = 0.005). There were no differences between treated and untreated patients in viral loads or variables measuring immune defence, indicating that toxicity is unlikely.ConclusionsWe provide novel data suggesting that identification of the ATM rs11212617 variant may be important in assessing the glycaemic response to metformin treatment for insulin resistance in HIV‐infected patients.
Inequalities in HIV disease management and progression in migrants from Latin America and sub‐Saharan Africa living in Spain
Authors: Monge S , Alejos B , Dronda F , Del Romero J , Iribarren JA , Pulido F , Rubio R , Miró JM , Gutierrez F , Del Amo J ,   CoRIS
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to analyse key HIV‐related outcomes in migrants originating from Latin America and the Spanish‐speaking Caribbean (LAC) or sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) living in Spain compared with native Spaniards (NSP).MethodsThe Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) is an open, prospective, multicentre cohort of antiretroviral‐naïve patients representing 13 of the 17 Spanish regions. The study period was 2004–2010. Multivariate logistic or Fine and Gray regression models were fitted as appropriate to estimate the adjusted effect of region of origin on the different outcomes.ResultsOf the 6811 subjects in CoRIS, 6278 were NSP (74.2%), LAC (19.4%) or SSA (6.4%). For these patients, the follow‐up time was 15870 person‐years. Compared with NSP, SSA and LAC under 35 years of age had a higher risk of delayed diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–2.8) and OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.4–2.1), respectively], as did LAC aged 35–50 years [OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0–1.6)]. There were no major differences in time to antiretroviral therapy (ART) requirement or initiation. SSA exhibited a poorer immunological and virological response [OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7–1.0) and OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.6–0.9), respectively], while no difference was found for LAC. SSA and LAC showed an increased risk of AIDS for ages between 35 and 50 years [OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1–3.7) and OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.4), respectively], which was attributable to a higher incidence of tuberculosis. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in mortality.ConclusionsMigrants experience a disproportionate diagnostic delay, but no meaningful inequalities were identified regarding initiation of treatment after diagnosis. A poorer virological and immunological response was observed in SSA. Migrants had an increased risk of AIDS, which was mainly attributable to tuberculosis.
Prevalence, clinical associations, and impact of intimate partner violence among HIV‐infected gay and bisexual men: a population‐based study
Authors: Siemieniuk RAC , Miller P , Woodman K , Ko K , Krentz HB , Gill MJ 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for HIV infection. Little is known, however, about the prevalence, clinical associations, and impact of IPV among patients living with HIV.MethodsHIV‐infected gay and bisexual men in Southern Alberta, Canada were screened for IPV between May 2009 and December 2011. The associations with IPV of sociodemographic factors, psychological factors, clinical status, and HIV‐related and HIV‐unrelated hospitalizations, data for which were obtained from a regional database, were evaluated using Poisson regression.ResultsOf 687 gay and bisexual patients, 22.4% had experienced one or several types of IPV. Patients disclosing IPV were more likely to be Aboriginal [adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–5.20], to be younger (APR/year = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99), to be victims of childhood abuse (APR = 4.27; 95% CI 2.84–6.41), to be smokers (APR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.59–4.00), to have had depression prior to HIV diagnosis (APR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.10–3.16), to use ongoing psychiatric resources (APR = 3.53; 95% CI 2.05–6.10), to have recently participated in unprotected sex (APR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.10–4.77), and to have poor or fair vs. very good or excellent health‐related quality of life (APR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.57–5.39). IPV was also associated with a higher rate of clinically relevant interruptions in care (APR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.23–3.08), a higher incidence of AIDS among patients presenting early to care (CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/μL; APR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.15–3.69), and an increased rate of HIV‐related hospitalizations [relative risk (RR) = 1.55; 95% CI 0.99–2.33], especially after HIV diagnosis was established (RR = 2.46; 95% CI 1.51–3.99).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IPV is high among HIV‐infected gay and bisexual men and is associated with poor social, psychiatric, and medical outcomes. IPV is an under‐recognized social determinant of health in this community that may be amenable to meaningful clinical interventions.
Possible role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and clinical evolution of radicular cyst: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Loreto C. , Galanti C. , Leonardi R. , Musumeci G. , Pannone G. , Palazzo G. , Rusu M. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the apoptotic cascade is activated through the extrinsic pathway in epithelial lining and connective tissue of radicular cysts.MethodologyFifteen radicular cysts were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and processed for immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of polyclonal antibodies against Tumour necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), DR5 and caspase‐3. Immunocomplexes were treated with the secondary antibodies and finally detected using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex. Immunoreactivity was visualized by development with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine. Data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test; P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe three antibodies were detected in connective tissue fibroblasts of all radicular cysts; TRAIL and DR5 immunoexpression was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with that of caspase‐3. The three antibodies were also expressed in almost all epithelial layers and in endothelial cells of newly formed vessels.ConclusionThe involvement of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of radicular cysts, demonstrated by the immunoexpression patterns of TRAIL, DR5 and caspase‐3 in lining epithelium and connective tissue, may explain their bland clinical aggressiveness and slow, benign evolution.
Ex vivo killing of Enterococcus faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria in planktonic and biofilm culture by modified photoactivated disinfection
Authors: Stojicic S. , Amorim H. , Shen Y. , Haapasalo M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of conventional and modified photoactivated disinfection (PAD) against Enterococcus faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria in suspension and biofilms.MethodologyEnterococcus faecalis (four strains) and mixed plaque bacteria from three adult volunteers were suspended in water, added to methylene blue (MB, 15 μmol L−1), MB mixed with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHX), MB mixed with 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 0.05% EDTA or MB mixed with 0.05% EDTA and 0.05% CHX and exposed to laser irradiation from 10 s to 5 min. After exposure, samples were taken, serially diluted and grown aerobically and anaerobically on Tryptic Soy Agar plates or on blood agar plates for 24 and 72 h, respectively. For biofilm experiments, E. faecalis and mixed plaque biofilms were grown on sterile hydroxyapatite (HA) discs coated overnight with bovine dermal collagen type I for 3 weeks. After exposure to MB or MB and low concentration of EDTA with either hydrogen peroxide or CHX, the percentage of killed bacteria by PAD was evaluated using viability staining and confocal laser scanning microscope. For statistical analysis, one‐way analysis of variance was performed.ResultsConventional PAD killed from 90.76% to 100% E. faecalis for 3 min, but failed to kill all plaque bacteria even after 5 min of laser irradiation. In modified PAD, up to 100% of suspended E. faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria were killed after 1 min and 30 s of irradiation. Up to twenty times more biofilm bacteria were killed by modified PAD than by conventional PAD with 15 μmol L−1 MB (P < 0.001) and up to eight times more than 2% CHX (P < 0.001) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (P < 0.001).ConclusionModified PAD was superior to conventional PAD against planktonic and biofilm bacteria.
Mushroom body‐preferential expression of proteins/genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐transport in the worker honeybee (Apis melliferaL.) brain
Authors: Uno Y. , Fujiyuki T. , Morioka M. , Kubo T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo identify the molecular characteristics specific to the mushroom body (MB, a higher processing centre) neurones in the honeybee brain, we previously used proteomics to identify proteins that are preferentially expressed in these MBs. Here we continued our proteomic analysis to show that reticulocalbin, which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ transport, is also preferentially expressed in the MBs in the honeybee brain. Gene expression analysis revealed that reticulocalbin is preferentially expressed in the large‐type Kenyon cells, which are MB‐intrinsic neurones. In addition, the gene for the ryanodine receptor, which is also involved in ER Ca2+ transport, was also preferentially expressed in the large‐type Kenyon cells. In contrast, the expression of three other ER‐related genes, protein disulphide isomerase, sec61 and erp60, was not enriched in the MBs. These findings further support the notion that the function of ER Ca2+‐signalling, but not the mere intracellular density of ER, is specifically enhanced in the large‐type Kenyon cells in the honeybee brain.
Between Control and Assistance: The Problem of European Accommodation Centres for Asylum Seekers
Authors: Szczepanikova Alice 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAccommodation centres are much more than means of securing asylum seekers’ housing needs. They are an embodiment of asylum and immigration policies. To understand these policies and their effects on asylum seekers, we need to ask what interests different institutional actors have in keeping asylum seekers in the centres. Based on the study of accommodation centres in the Czech Republic, in this paper I argue that the centres serve as tools of migration control. The prolonged confinement of a highly diverse group of people produced by the interconnectedness between asylum and immigration policies leads to asylum seekers’ disillusionment about the asylum procedure and nourishes various illicit activities. The centres enable state institutions to determine the nature of assistance available to asylum seekers, including legal aid provided by non‐governmental organizations. By actively promoting the image of accommodation centres as benign places, the state also controls the dominant representation of refugee reception. In everyday practices in the centres, control and assistance are closely intertwined and produce an oppressive environment that engenders asylum seekers’ dependency.
Infants' Transitions out of a Fussing/Crying State Are Modifiable and Are Related to Weight Status
Authors: Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie , Liu Siwei , Gates Kathleen M. , Paul Ian M. , Rovine Michael J. , Birch Leann L. 
Published: November 2012

Currently, about 10% of infants have a weight for length greater than the 95th percentile for their age and sex, which puts them at risk for obesity as they grow. In a pilot obesity prevention study, primiparous mothers and their newborn infants were randomly assigned to a control group or a Soothe/Sleep intervention. Previously, it has been demonstrated that this intervention contributed to lower weight‐for‐length percentiles at 1 year; the aim of the present study was to examine infant behavior diary data collected during the intervention. Markov modeling was used to characterize infants' patterns of behavioral transitions at ages 3 and 16 weeks. Results showed that heavier mothers were more likely to follow their infants' fussing/crying episodes with a feeding. The intervention increased infants' likelihood of transitioning from a fussing/crying state to an awake/calm state. A shorter latency to feed in response to fussing/crying was associated with a higher subsequent weight status. This study provides preliminary evidence that infants' transitions out of fussing/crying are characterized by inter‐individual differences, are modifiable, and are linked to weight outcomes, suggesting that they may be promising targets for early behavioral obesity interventions, and highlighting the methodology used in this study as an appropriate and innovative tool to assess the impact of such interventions.
Spouses' experience of caregiving for cancer patients: a literature review
Authors: Li Q.P. , Mak Y.W. , Loke A.Y. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe spouse is generally the primary informal caregiver for cancer patients. Many studies have explored the experience of caregiving for cancer patients, but it is unclear whether there are gender differences in the spousal caring experience for cancer patients.AimThis review describes the recent published research on the stress process of spousal caregiving experience for cancer patients, and aims to identify any gender differences in the caregiving experience.MethodsElectronic, manual and author's searches were conducted. Articles included were published in English and Chinese, from January 2000 to March 2012. Study population is couples coping with cancer. Focus is on caregiving experience for spouse with cancer, and findings include both male and female spousal caregivers in quantitative studies. The databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, PsycINFO and the China Academic Journal Full‐text Database. The key search terms used were ‘cancer’ or ‘oncology’ or ‘carcinoma’ AND ‘caregiver’ or ‘caregiving’ or ‘carer’ AND ‘gender differences’ or ‘gender’ AND ‘spouse’ or ‘couple’ or ‘partner’. Spousal caregiving experiences of cancer patients were explored by adopting the ‘stress process’ of the Cancer Family Caregiving Experience Model from the gender perspective.ResultsTwenty‐five articles were identified and included in this review. It was revealed that female spousal caregivers perceived higher level negative experience in caregiving, such as lower mental health, lower physical health, poorer health‐related quality of life, lower life satisfaction and decreased marital satisfaction than male spousal caregivers. However, female spousal caregivers are more likely to experience personal growth than male spousal caregivers.ConclusionThis review identified that female spousal caregivers for cancer patients had higher levels of negative experience in caregiving. A better understanding of the spousal caregiving experience will provide healthcare professionals with the information needed to develop interventions to support and prepare spousal caregivers to care for their loved ones with cancer.