bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mega‐analysis of the brain‐age gap in substance use disorder: An ENIGMA Addiction working group study
Authors: Scheffler Freda , Ipser Jonathan , Pancholi Devarshi , Murphy Alistair , Cao Zhipeng , Ottino‐González Jonatan ,   ENIGMA Addiction Working Group, Thompson Paul M. , Shoptaw Steve , Conrod Patricia , Mackey Scott , Garavan Hugh , Stein Dan J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe brain age gap (BAG), calculated as the difference between a machine learning model‐based predicted brain age and chronological age, has been increasingly investigated in psychiatric disorders. Tobacco and alcohol use are associated with increased BAG; however, no studies have compared global and regional BAG across substances other than alcohol and tobacco. This study aimed to compare global and regional estimates of brain age in individuals with substance use disorders and healthy controls.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.SettingThis is an Enhancing Neuro Imaging through Meta‐Analysis Consortium (ENIGMA) Addiction Working Group study including data from 38 global sites.ParticipantsThis study included 2606 participants, of whom 1725 were cases with a substance use disorder and 881 healthy controls.MeasurementsThis study used the Kaufmann brain age prediction algorithms to generate global and regional brain age estimates using T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We used linear mixed effects models to compare global and regional (FreeSurfer lobestrict output) BAG (i.e. predicted minus chronological age) between individuals with one of five primary substance use disorders as well as healthy controls.FindingsAlcohol use disorder (β = −5.49, t = −5.51, p < 0.001) was associated with higher global BAG, whereas amphetamine‐type stimulant use disorder (β = 3.44, t = 2.42, p = 0.02) was associated with lower global BAG in the separate substance‐specific models.ConclusionsPeople with alcohol use disorder appear to have a higher brain‐age gap than people without alcohol use disorder, which is consistent with other evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on the brain.
The effect of deprescribing interventions on mortality and health outcomes in older people: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Quek Hui Wen , Page Amy , Lee Kenneth , Lee Georgie , Hawthorne Deborah , Clifford Rhonda , Potter Kathleen , Etherton‐Beer Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsPrevious systematic reviews suggest that deprescribing may improve survival, particularly in frail older people. Evidence is rapidly accumulating, suggesting a need for an updated review of the literature.MethodsWe updated a 2016 systematic review and meta‐analysis to include studies published from inception to 26 April 2024 from specified databases. Studies in which older people had at least one medication deprescribed were included and grouped by study designs and targeted medications. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool and the Newcastle‐Ottawa tool. Odds ratios (OR) or mean differences were calculated as the effect measures using either the Mantel–Haenszel or generic inverse‐variance method with fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analyses. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were adverse drug withdrawal events, physical health, cognitive function, quality of life and effect on medication regimen. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age and intervention types.ResultsA total of 259 studies (reported in 286 papers) were included in this updated review. Deprescribing polypharmacy did not result in a significant reduction in mortality in both randomized (OR 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–1.09) and non‐randomized studies (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.36–1.38). Further subgroup analyses of randomized studies on deprescribing polypharmacy demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality in the young old (aged 65–79) (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.99) and when patient‐specific interventions were applied (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.99).ConclusionsDeprescribing can be achieved with potentially important benefits in terms of improved survival, particularly when patient‐specific interventions are applied and initiated early in the young old.
ACTN4 is associated with the malignant potential of thymic epithelial tumors through the β‐catenin/Slug pathway
Authors: Nagata Hideki , Funaki Soichiro , Kimura Kenji , Fukui Eriko , Kimura Toru , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Morii Eiichi , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare tumors arising from the mediastinum. Among TETs, thymoma type B2, B3 and thymic carcinoma are highly malignant and often present invasion and dissemination. However, the biological characteristics of TETs have not been thoroughly studied, and their mechanisms of invasion and dissemination are largely unknown. α‐Actinin 4 (ACTN4) is a member of actin‐binding proteins and reportedly plays important roles in the progression of several cancers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between ACTN4 and characteristics of the malignant potential of TETs, such as invasion and dissemination. In vitro experiments using Ty‐82 thymic carcinoma cells revealed that overexpression of ACTN4 enhanced the proliferative and invasive ability of Ty‐82 cells; conversely, knockdown of ACTN4 attenuated the proliferative and invasive potential of Ty‐82 cells. In western blotting (WB) experiments, ACTN4 induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3β to regulate the β‐catenin/Slug pathway. Furthermore, WB analysis of cancer tissue–origin spheroids from patients with TETs showed results similar to those for Ty‐82 cells. In vivo experiments showed that the knockdown of ACTN4 significantly suppressed the dissemination of Ty‐82 cells. A WB and immunohistochemistry staining comparison of primary and disseminated lesions of TETs using surgical specimens showed upregulated expression of ACTN4, β‐catenin, and Slug proteins in disseminated lesions. In summary, our study suggests ACTN4 is associated with malignant potential characteristics such as invasion and dissemination in TETs via the β‐catenin/Slug pathway.
Disseminating the F‐Words for Child Development to Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities in Iran: A Qualitative Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Maleki Zahra , Heidarabadi Seifollah , Mohammadi Ahmad , Azami‐Aghdash Saber , Rosenbaum Peter , Cross Andrea , Soper Alice Kelen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAttitudes toward childhood disability have historically focused on biomedical efforts on ‘fixing’. The introduction of WHO's ICF framework for health and Canadian researchers' ‘F‐words’ (functioning, fitness, fun, friends, family and future) have significantly changed the field. To explore whether the F‐words ideas influenced parents' perspectives on their child's abilities and rehabilitation goals, this qualitative pilot study introduced the F‐words to Iranian parents with a child with a developmental disability.MethodsThis study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023, using Iranian educational F‐words materials built on ideas available on the CanChild F‐words Knowledge Hub. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with five mothers of children <5 years old with a developmental disability before and after attending an ‘F‐words Awareness Session’ and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsIn the preinterviews, six themes (and 20 subthemes) were identified: (i) routines (5); (ii) challenges (4); (iii) parental concerns (3); (iv) child's needs and priorities (3); (v) the role of parents in satisfying needs and challenges (2); and (vi) expectations of rehabilitation (3). In the postinterview, the same six themes and four additional subthemes emerged.ConclusionFindings from the pilot study showed that the intervention had an impact on the attitudes and behaviours of participants. Specifically, teaching about the F‐words reduced parents' emphasis on the concept of ‘normality’. Families' positive response to the ‘F‐words Awareness Session’ indicates their openness to incorporating this approach into their daily lives. These findings highlight the potential benefits of utilizing the F‐words in rehabilitation in Iran. Studies like these can serve as a foundation for developing effective strategies for integrating the F‐words into existing rehabilitation practices in Iran.
Four‐mm‐short implants in the rehabilitation of posterior atrophic jaws: A retrospective study on 212 patients with a mean follow‐up of 8.02 years
Authors: Barausse Carlo , Pistilli Roberto , Bonifazi Lorenzo , Tayeb Subhi , Pellegrino Gerardo , Ravidà Andrea , Felice Pietro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess clinical efficacy of 4‐mm‐short implants in patients with posterior severe vertical bone atrophy in the medium‐ and long‐term follow‐up.Materials and MethodsPatients rehabilitated with 4‐mm‐short implants in the posterior atrophic jaws, with a minimum follow‐up of 3 years post‐loading, were included in the study. Data were collected for eligible patients, and marginal bone loss (MBL) for each implant was evaluated. The research outcomes were implant failure, MBL and complications.ResultsA total of 212 patients with 496 implants were included, resulting in a mean follow‐up of 8.02 ± 2.17 years. The implant survival rate was 95.36% (95% CI: 93.12%–97.04%). More implant failures were observed in the maxilla (p = .02) and fewer failures were observed in patients undergoing more number of hygienic sessions per year (p < .001). The average MBL after 1‐year‐loading was 0.47 mm, increasing to 0.59 mm after 10 years; after 3 years no statistically significant increase in MBL was observed. Maxillary implants showed greater bone loss than mandibular ones (p < .001). More frequent professional oral hygiene sessions per year resulted being related with reduced MBL (p < .001).ConclusionsFour‐mm‐short implants showed high survival rates with an up to 10‐year follow‐up. Their use can offer a fixed prosthetic solution for patients with posterior vertical bone atrophy, minimizing surgical invasiveness, rehabilitative times and costs.
An artful workplace of the future: The role of art‐based interventions in fostering levers for creativity amongst a diverse workforce
Authors: Bacouël Anne‐Sophie , Shantz Amanda , Jentjens Sabine , Goudal Clara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe relationship between diversity and creativity is equivocal, and so attention has turned to traditional factors that might foster this relationship. Yet the creativity needed for today's challenges requires a radically different set of skills and mindsets than what has driven business in the past. The workforce of the future requires interventions that ignite diverse employees' emotion, intuition and imagination. Art‐based interventions may be one such method, and furthermore, they may be particularly suitable to maximise the conditions needed to foster diversity for creativity, or what we call and examine, ‘levers for creativity’. We look deeply into an organisation that promotes the arts to ask: How do art‐based interventions support workplace diversity to increase levers for employee creativity? Analysis of interview data (n = 21) from one case study finds that art‐based interventions: (1) level the playing field; (2) encourage courage; (3) broaden perspective taking; (4) offer moments to breathe; and (5) cultivate a sense of we‐ness.
An analysis of consumer perception, emotional responses, and beliefs about mead
Authors: Gorman Mackenzie , Stright Allison , Baxter Laura , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMead is an ancient alcoholic beverage that lacks a large market share in Canada. This study aimed to identify consumer perception of mead, which sensory properties lead to liking and disliking of mead, and how participants would consume mead in their everyday lives. A sub‐objective was to evaluate the use of a written scenario on consumers' liking and emotional response to mead. Alcoholic beverage consumers (n = 122) were recruited to evaluate six commercial mead samples. Initially, consumers completed a word association task about mead. Then, the participants were split into two groups; one group evaluated the samples after writing a consumption scenario, and the other without a scenario. The participants evaluated the samples using hedonic scales and check‐all‐that‐apply questions (sensory properties and emotional responses). Findings showed that mead was associated with historical references and honey, as well as different sensory properties and other alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, and cider). Consumers preferred meads with higher alcoholic content, and meads that they perceived to be sweet and have floral and apple flavours. The use of the written scenario increased hedonic scores for flavour, appearance, and overall liking, as well as their selection of positive emotions when evaluating the mead samples. This study identified consumers prefer meads that are sweet and have a higher alcohol content.
Whose children are we concerned about, and why? A cohort study of sociodemographic referral patterns to the Norwegian child welfare system
Authors: Hemler Mary Elizabeth , Kojan Bente Heggem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between four sociodemographic factors (socioeconomic status, household composition, immigrant background, and gender) and referral patterns to the Norwegian child welfare system (CWS). Using panel administrative data, the article first examines the impact of these factors on risk for referral to the CWS in the entire 2005 birth cohort over a 5‐year observation period, from when the cohort was 8 to 12 years old (2013–2017). Next, using a dataset consisting of all CWS referrals regarding children in the birth cohort during this observation period, we explore associations between these sociodemographic factors and registered reasons for referral to the CWS. Our analyses indicate that both risk for referral and registered reasons for referral vary according to sociodemographic factors.
Do passive investors influence corporate social responsibility? A risk‐management perspective
Authors: Hou Wenxuan , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of passive investors on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the lens of a risk‐management view of CSR, which emphasizes its insurance‐like effects in adverse corporate events. Since passive investors have diversified away most idiosyncratic risks, we predict that they demand less CSR as a strategic approach to manage risks. Using the annual Russell 1000/2000 index reconstitution as an instrument for passive investor ownership, we document evidence consistent with our prediction. The negative effect is more pronounced among better‐diversified passive investors and firms that are not in CSR‐sensitive industries. We further show that passive investors hold back CSR activities through the channel of “voice” by reducing the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) proposals.
Dynamic impact of climate risks on financial systemic risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Tian Ruwei , Li Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs climate issues gain increasing attention, climate‐related risks now appear to have the potential to be transmitted to the financial system. This paper utilizes a bootstrap rolling window Granger causality test to explore the dynamic correlation between climate transition risk (CTR), climate physical risk (CPR), and financial systemic risk. Empirical findings reveal that, during periods of intensive climate policy transformation, CTR exhibits a significant enhancing effect on systemic financial risk. However, no such phenomenon is observed for CPR. This research indicates that the uncertainty brought about by transitions in climate policy can significantly influence financial systemic risk.
External validation of a predictive model for aged‐related skin tears in Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV cohort
Authors: Rayner Robyn Louise , Carville Keryln Joy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOlder Australians are at increased risk of skin tears with the risk not always recognised or the injury able to be prevented. This study externally validated Rayner et al. (2019) Skin Tear Risk Prediction Model in an independent aged cohort with a Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV from across multiple residential‐care sites, over a 6‐month period. A total of 362 individuals aged between 65 and 102.5 years completed the study. In all, 165‐residents sustained one or more skin tears. Logistic regression analysis was conducted of the five variables (gender, previous history of skin tears, previous history of falls, purpura and solar elastosis) identified in the skin tear model. The skin tear model provided ‘good’ to nearly ‘very good discrimination’ for correctly classifying residents at‐risk or not‐at‐risk (area under the curve of 0.799 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.75–0.84]). The skin tear model correctly predicted 75.8% (sensitivity) of participants with skin tears and 71.6% (specificity) of residents without skin tears. The model demonstrated it could work as a screening tool to identify older individuals at risk of skin tears and would benefit clinical practice as it was easy to use, was reproducible, and had good accuracy across aged‐care residents with a Fitzpatrick skin type I–IV.
Impact of volatility, non‐stoichiometry, and atmospheres in perovskite piezoelectric and dielectric materials
Authors: A. Randall Clive , Nishiyama Hiroshi , Shimizu Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDefect chemistry that results in the thermal processing of dielectric and piezoelectric films, crystals and ceramics ultimately controls the properties and long‐term performance of materials and devices. This paper reviews several thermochemical defect reactions using important perovskite base composition dielectrics including Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, (Na,K)NbO3, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‒BaTiO3, and Ca(Hf,Ti,Mn)O3. Within this group of perovskite‐based functional materials, we note ways the point defects can be formed to create non‐stoichiometric compositions changing the overall cation‐to‐anion ratios during the synthesis process. These reactions can be developed with the loss of volatile species such as metal and oxygen ions. The relative concentrations of these can impact the over conductions in terms of the mixed contributions of ionic conductivity from the oxygen vacancies and the electronic conductivity, along with microstructure and properties in some cases.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of textured high‐entropy M₄AlC₃/Al₂O₃ (M = Ti, V, Mo, Nb, Ta) composites
Authors: Zou Haoran , Zhang Wen , Zhang Jinyong , Ren Lin , Wang Weimin , Zhang Fan , Li Bin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance MAX phase‐based composites were developed to overcome the inherent low hardness and low strength of MAX phases by combining lattice distortion‐induced strengthening, texture strengthening, and second‐phase particle strengthening. Textured high‐entropy M4AlC3/Al2O3 (M = Ti, V, Mo, Nb, Ta) composites with different Al2O3 contents were prepared using spark plasma sintering at 1350°C for 70 min. The microstructures of all samples with different compositions were characterized in detail. It was found that as the Al2O3 content increased, the grain size of the high‐entropy M4AlC3 phase gradually decreased, and the aggregation of Al2O3 became more severe. Based on this, the density, hardness, strength, and fracture toughness of all composites were tested. The results indicate that all textured composites exhibit significant anisotropy in their properties, with the high‐entropy M4AlC3/15 vol%Al2O3 composite showing the best overall performance. Additionally, the mechanism of performance improvement was systematically discussed. This work provides an important reference for the subsequent preparation of high‐performance MAX phase‐based composites.
Thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the K2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 system
Authors: Yang Jifeng , Yan Lianfeng , Ye Lideng , Xiao Guangheng , Wang Kaige , Liu Yuling , Zhang Ligang , Liu Libin , Du Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe K2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 system is an important component of microcrystalline glass. The K2O‐Al2O3 and K2O‐SiO2 binary systems and the K2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2 ternary system were thermodynamically evaluated and optimized using the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method. The liquid phase is described by using the ionic two‐sublattice model, and the solid solutions involved in the ternary system are all described using the compound energy formalism (CEF) model. The new parameters obtained from the optimization are capable of describing the equilibrium phase relations of the ternary system and its subsystems, and the calculated thermodynamic properties of the ternary compounds are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Dielectric and electrical transport properties of alkaline earth vanadate glasses
Authors: Shearer Adam , Lanagan Michael , Feineman Maureen , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlasses formed from transition metal oxides have shown tailorable electrical and optical properties depending on the valence state and individual element. Vanadate glasses have received specific attention for their high conductivities as compared to most glass families. In this study, the frequency‐dependent capacitance and direct current (dc) conductivity properties of alkaline earth vanadate glasses were investigated. Glasses in the xSrO–(100 − x)V2O5 and xBaO–(100 − x)V2O5 systems, where x = 30, 40, and 50 in mol%, were prepared via melt‐quench synthesis. Capacitance measurements were used to calculate dielectric constants, dielectric loss, and alternating current (ac) conductivity for each sample. Dielectric constants varied between 10–13 and 14–16 for SrO–V2O5 and BaO–V2O5 glasses, respectively, at 1 MHz. Current measurements were made as a function of temperature and voltage for each glass sample. A strong dependence on vanadate content was noted where temperature had a less strong effect. Activation energies were calculated to describe electrical transport mechanisms. All samples showed activation energies governed by electron hopping mechanisms. Such vanadate glasses have properties suitable for applications as cathode materials for batteries, solid state electrolytes, and conductive glass paste with potential for electro‐optic effects involving nonlinear processes.