bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear backstepping output feedback control for uncertain linear systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav , Su Hongye , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a variation on adaptive backstepping output feedback control design for uncertain minimum‐phase linear systems. Unlike the traditional nonlinear design, the proposed control method is linear and Lyapunov‐based without utilizing overparametrization, tuning functions, or nonlinear damping terms to address parameter estimation error. Local stability of the closed‐loop system and trajectory tracking are guaranteed. If the system dimension equals to the relative degree, the global stabilization and asymptotic convergence are achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term follow‐up of the platinum chromium TAXUS element (ION) stent
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Cannon Louis A. , Dauber Ira , Ball Michael , Bertolet Barry , Foster Michael , Nersesov Andrey Y. , Underwood Paul L. , Allocco Dominic J. , Dawkins Keith D. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe TAXUS Element (ION) platinum chromium paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PtCr‐PES) incorporates a thin (81 μm) strut design with a similar polymer and drug dose density as prior PES. The pivotal PERSEUS trial program consisted of two studies: PERSEUS Workhorse (WH) and PERSEUS Small Vessel (SV). The PERSEUS WH trial demonstrated the PtCr‐PES to be non‐inferior to the predicate TAXUS Express PES (TE‐PES) for target lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year and in‐segment angiographic percent diameter stenosis at 9 months. The PERSEUS SV trial demonstrated the PtCr‐PES to be superior to a historical bare metal stent (BMS) for angiographic late lumen loss at 9 months. Long‐term (5‐year) clinical outcomes following PtCr‐PES have not been previously reported.MethodsPERSEUS WH was a prospective, Bayesian, 3:1 randomized (PtCr‐PES vs. TE‐PES) trial in patients with lesion length ≤28 mm and vessel diameter ≥2.75 to ≤4.0 mm. PERSEUS SV was a prospective, single‐arm trial in patients with lesion length ≤20 mm and vessel diameter ≥2.25 to <2.75 mm comparing PtCr‐PES to a matched historical BMS control.ResultsAmong randomized subjects in the PERSEUS WH study, clinical event rates at 5 years were similar between treatment groups, including TLF (12.9% TE‐PES vs. 12.1% PtCr‐PES; P = 0.66). In the PERSEUS SV study, 5‐year rates of MACE, and TLF were significantly lower for PtCr‐PES (vs. BMS) following adjustment for baseline characteristics and were primarily due to lower target lesion revascularization rates (27.2% BMS vs. 14.9% PtCr‐PES; P = 0.049).ConclusionsAt 5 years, the PtCr‐PES provides efficacy and safety that is comparable to the TE‐PES and superior efficacy with similar safety when compared with BMS in smaller caliber vessels. Cumulative stent thrombosis rates remained low and similar through 5 years for both DES platforms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a surrogate contact pair to evaluate polyethylene wear in prosthetic knee joints
Authors: Sanders Anthony P. , Lockard Carly A. , Weisenburger Joel N. , Haider Hani , Raeymaekers Bart 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWith recent improvements to the properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) used in joint replacements, prosthetic knee and hip longevity may extend beyond two decades. However, it is difficult and costly to replicate such a long in vivo lifetime using clinically relevant in vitro wear testing approaches such as walking gait joint simulators. We advance a wear test intermediate in complexity between pin‐on‐disk and knee joint simulator tests. The test uses a surrogate contact pair, consisting of a surrogate femoral and tibial specimen that replicate the contact mechanics of any full‐scale knee condyle contact pair. The method is implemented in a standard multi‐directional pin‐on‐disk wear test machine, and we demonstrate its application via a two‐million‐cycle wear test of three different UHMWPE formulations. Further, we demonstrate the use of digital photography and image processing to accurately quantify fatigue damage based on the reduced transmission of light through a damage area in a UHMWPE specimen. The surrogate contact pairs replicate the knee condyle contact areas within −3% to +12%. The gravimetric wear test results reflect the dose of crosslinking radiation applied to the UHMWPE: 35 kGy yielded a wear rate of 7.4 mg/Mcycles, 55 kGy yielded 1.0 mg/Mcycles, and 75 kGy (applied to a 0.1% vitamin E stabilized UHMWPE) yielded 1.5 mg/Mcycles. A precursor to spalling fatigue is observed and precisely measured in the radiation‐sterilized (35 kGy) and aged UHMWPE specimen. The presented techniques can be used to evaluate the high‐cycle fatigue performance of arbitrary knee condyle contact pairs under design‐specific contact stresses, using existing wear test machines. This makes the techniques more economical and well‐suited to standardized comparative testing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 133–140, 2016.
Reinforcement of polyetheretherketone polymer with titanium for improved mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility
Authors: Jung Hyun‐Do , Park Hui‐Sun , Kang Min‐Ho , Li Yuanlong , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Koh Young‐Hag , Estrin Yuri 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBlends of ductile Ti metal with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer were studied with regard to their mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility. PEEK/Ti composites with various Ti contents, ranging from 0 vol % to 60 vol %, were produced by compression molding at 370°C. In all composites produced, regardless of the initial Ti content, Ti particles were well distributed in the PEEK matrix. Addition of Ti led to a significant increase in mechanical properties of PEEK. Specifically, an increase in Ti content enhanced compressive strength and stiffness, while preserving ductile fracture behavior. In addition, the use of Ti for reinforcement of PEEK provided the composites with improved in vitro biocompatibility in terms of the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 141–148, 2016.
Shifts in plant phenology: a look at the sensitivity of seasonal phenophases to temperature in Germany
Authors: Wittich Klaus‐Peter , Liedtke Marco 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe study presented here examines the sensitivity of mid‐spring, mid‐summer and mid‐autumn phenology to effective temperature in Germany for two divergent spatio‐temporal scale arrangements: the regional long‐term (50 years) scale and the nationwide short‐term (annual) scale. The dates of leaf unfolding of common horse chestnut, picking of ripe gooseberries and leaf colouring of common oak were chosen as the seasonal markers. Each of these phenophases was observed nearly nationwide over the 50‐year period 1961–2010. The focal question of the study was: what is the effect of different space and time scales on phenological sensitivity to effective temperature? This question is rarely addressed in phenological studies. We found a distinct contrast in the phenological sensitivities for these scale arrangements: first, when plotting regional 50‐year averaged phenological occurrence dates against corresponding effective temperatures across space, the phenological responses are −1.5, −1.9 and 0.0 days K−1 for mid‐spring, mid‐summer and mid‐autumn phenology. This type of scale combination corresponds to the common climate‐map presentation illustrating spatial climate averages. The second scale arrangement was to regress annual phenological timings, averaged over all regions, against analogue temperatures. Here, we get −4.7, −6.2 and +2.2 days K−1 for the three seasonal phases. This case thus reflects the nationwide response to climate change. As reference, the basic dataset of annual and regional data (without further averaging) provides sensitivities of −2.9, −3.3 and +0.7 days K−1 for mid‐spring, mid‐summer and mid‐autumn phenology, respectively. One should be aware of such differences in sensitivity when different (time and spatial) domains are studied and conclusions are drawn. For example, the space‐for‐time approach applied in ecology uses spatial gradients of phenological responses to temperature as a substitute for phenological estimates along time gradients. Based on our datasets, we found that this approach is of limited use for making predictions.
Posidonia oceanica banquettes as a substitute for straw in dairy goat rations: metabolic and productive effects
Authors: Castillo Cristina , Mantecón Angel R , Sotillo Juan , Gutiérrez Cándido , Abuelo Angel , Hernández Joaquín 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe marine plant Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile can be a source of fibre to increase the efficiency of product costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the productive (milk production and performance) and metabolic (blood metabolites) effects of P. oceanica in the ration of dairy goats as a substitute for straw. Posidonia oceanica was used at 225 and 450 g day−1 per goat in lieu of barley straw.RESULTSupplementation with P. oceanica had no detrimental effects on the body weight, milk production and metabolic status of goats. Goats fed P. oceanica produced more milk fat, had a lower somatic cell count in their milk and showed a decreased risk of oxidative stress.CONCLUSIONGoats can be fed P oceanica at levels of up to 450 g day−1 without detrimental effects on milk production and health, therefore P. oceanica can be a substitute for barley straw in the nutrition of goats. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Proton‐bound complex mediating retro‐Michael‐type fragmentation of protonated 3‐substituted oxindoles in the Orbitrap high‐energy collisional dissociation cell
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Zhu Kundan , Song Qingbao , Wang Chenlu , Wang Ye , Cai Ruonan , Lin Yan , Tang Fangliang , Zhang Ming , Mo Weimin 
Published: February 2015

RationaleOxindole derivatives are valuable building blocks for indole chemistry. Systematically exploring the fragmentation behavior of the protonated 3‐pyrazole‐substituted oxindoles by kinetic methods combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations is useful for further understanding their basic properties, and might provide some insights into their reactivity trends in synthesis and metabolism.MethodsAll high‐resolution high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID‐MS/MS) experiments were carried out using electrospray ionization hybrid Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. Theoretical calculations were carried out by the DFT method at the B3LYP level with the 6‐311G (d, p) basis set in the Gaussian 03 package of programs.ResultsIn the fragmentation of protonated 3‐pyrazole‐substituted oxindoles, the characterized protonated 3‐(3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1H‐pyrazol‐4(5H)‐ylidene)indolin‐2‐one derivatives and the protonated 5‐methylpyrazolone were observed, which were proposed from the cleavage of the Cβ–Cγ bond in a retro‐Michael reaction. With the kinetic plot, a linear correlation was established between the intensities of this two competitive product ions and the difference in proton affinities of the corresponding neutral molecules, which demonstrated that the retro‐Michael reaction was mediated by a proton‐bound complex.ConclusionsUsing the kinetic method combined with theoretical calculations, a proton‐bound complex mediating retro‐Michael reaction was proposed for the fragmentation of protonated 3‐pyrazole‐substituted oxindoles in the high‐energy collisional dissociation tandem mass spectrometry for the first time, which provided potential evidence to further understand their intrinsic bioactivities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABCG5/G8 Deficiency in Mice Reduces Dietary Triacylglycerol and Cholesterol Transport into the Lymph
Authors: Zhang Linda S. , Xu Min , Yang Qing , Lou Danwen , Howles Philip N. , Tso Patrick 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter G5/G8 is critical in protecting the body from accumulating dietary plant sterols. Expressed in the liver and small intestine, it transports plant sterols into the biliary and intestinal lumens, thus promoting their excretion. The extent to which G5/G8 regulates cholesterol absorption remains unclear. G5/G8 is also implicated in reducing the absorption of dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that G5/G8 suppresses the production of chylomicrons, and its deficiency would enhance the absorption of both dietary TAG and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of G5/G8 deficiency on lipid uptake and secretion into the lymph under steady‐state conditions. Surprisingly, compared with wild‐type mice (WT) (n = 9), G5/G8 KO (n = 13) lymph fistula mice given a continuous intraduodenal infusion of [3H]‐TAG and [14C]‐cholesterol showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in lymphatic transport of both [3H]‐TAG and [14C]‐cholesterol, concomitant with a significant (P < 0.05) increase of [3H]‐TAG and [14C]‐cholesterol accumulated in the intestinal lumen. There was no difference in the total amount of radiolabeled lipids retained in the intestinal mucosa between the two groups. G5/G8 KO mice given a bolus of TAG showed reduced intestinal TAG secretion compared with WT, suggesting an independent role for G5/G8 in facilitating intestinal TAG transport. Our data demonstrate that G5/G8 deficiency reduces the uptake and secretion of both dietary TAG and cholesterol by the intestine, suggesting a novel role for the sterol transporter in the formation and secretion of chylomicrons.
Asenapine prescribing patterns in the treatment of manic in- and outpatients: Results from the MANACOR study
Authors: Grande I. , Hidalgo-Mazzei D. , Nieto E. , Mur M. , Sàez C. , Forcada I. , Vieta E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:Asenapine is the most recent compound that has been FDA- and EMA-approved for treatment of mania. Its efficacy and safety have been assessed in placebo-controlled trials, but little is known about its performance in routine clinical conditions. In this study, we compared features of patients treated with adjunctive asenapine or other adjunctive antipsychotics and the costs of the treatment.Methods:A combined prospective and retrospective data collection and analysis was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013 following a clinical interview and assessment of manic and depressive symptoms (YMRS, HDRS-17), clinical state (CGI-BP-M), psychosocial functioning (FAST), sexual dysfunction (PRSexDQ) and health resource costs associated with treatment with adjunctive asenapine versus other adjunctive antipsychotics.Results:Hundred and fifty-two patients from different university hospitals were included. Fifty-three patients received adjunctive asenapine and 99 received other adjunctive antipsychotics concomitantly to mood stabilizers. Considering inpatients, those treated with adjunctive asenapine presented a significantly less severe manic episode (P = 0.001), less psychotic symptoms (P = 0.030) and more comorbid personality disorder (P = 0.002). Regarding outpatients, those treated with adjunctive asenapine showed significantly less severe manic episode (P = 0.046), more previous mixed episodes (P = 0.013) and more sexual dysfunction at baseline (P = 0.036). No significant differences were found in mean total costs per day.Conclusion:Clinicians tended to use adjunctive asenapine in patients with less severe manic symptoms but more complex clinical profile, including more mixed episodes in the past, concomitant personality disorder, and sexual problems. Treatment with adjunctive asenapine was not associated with higher costs when compared to other options.
Distinct threats, common remedies: How consumers cope with psychological threat
Authors: Han DaHee , Duhachek Adam , Rucker Derek D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractResearch has consistently demonstrated that psychological threats to the self have a wide variety of consequences for consumer behavior. The present research introduces a novel perspective to this topic by proposing that psychologically distinct domains of threat have a common underpinning in the coping strategies they evoke. Specifically, this paper presents the argument that distinct domains of threat can be linked to either approach motivations that foster more problem‐focused coping or avoidance motivations that foster more emotion‐focused coping. Multiple experiments offer systematic support for these propositions. Implications for both the psychological self‐threat literature and the coping literature are discussed.
Schmidt games and non-dense forward orbits of certain partially hyperbolic systems
Authors: WU WEISHENG 
Published: February 2015

Let$f:M\rightarrow M$be a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism with conformality on unstable manifolds. Consider a set of points with non-dense forward orbit:$E(f,y):=\{z\in M:y\notin \overline{\{f^{k}(z),k\in \mathbb{N}\}}\}$for some$y\in M$. Define$E_{x}(f,y):=E(f,y)\cap W^{u}(x)$for any$x\in M$. Following a method of Broderick, Fishman and Kleinbock [Schmidt’s game, fractals, and orbits of toral endomorphisms.Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.31(2011), 1095–1107], we show that$E_{x}(f,y)$is a winning set for Schmidt games played on$W^{u}(x)$which implies that$E_{x}(f,y)$has Hausdorff dimension equal to$\dim W^{u}(x)$. Furthermore, we show that for any non-empty open set$V\subset M$,$E(f,y)\cap V$has full Hausdorff dimension equal to$\dim M$, by constructing measures supported on$E(f,y)\cap V$with lower pointwise dimension converging to$\dim M$and with conditional measures supported on$E_{x}(f,y)\cap V$. The results can be extended to the set of points with forward orbit staying away from a countable subset of$M$.
Effectivity of uniqueness of the maximal entropy measure on -adic homogeneous spaces
Authors: RÜHR RENE 
Published: February 2015

We consider the dynamical system given by an$\text{Ad}$-diagonalizable element$a$of the$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$-points$G$of a unimodular linear algebraic group acting by translation on a finite volume quotient$X$. Assuming that this action is exponentially mixing (e.g. if$G$is simple) we give an effective version (in terms of$K$-finite vectors of the regular representation) of the following statement: If${\it\mu}$is an$a$-invariant probability measure with measure-theoretical entropy close to the topological entropy of$a$, then${\it\mu}$is close to the unique$G$-invariant probability measure of$X$.
Buoyancy-driven dispersion in a layered porous rock
Authors: Farcas Adrian , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate the longitudinal dispersion of a passive tracer by a gravity-driven flow in a porous medium consisting of a series of independent horizontal layers connected to a constant pressure source. We show that in a formation of given vertical extent, the total flux is only weakly dependent on the number of layers, and is very similar to that in a single layer of the same total depth. However, although the flow speed in each layer is approximately uniform, the speed gradually increases with layer depth. As a result, if a pulse of tracer is released in the flow it will migrate more rapidly through the lower layers, leading to longitudinal dispersion of the tracer. Eventually, the location of the tracer in the different layers may become separated in space so that a sufficiently distant observation well would detect a series of discrete pulses of tracer rather than the original coherent input, as would occur in a single permeable layer. For a constant pressure source, at long times, the standard deviation of the longitudinal distribution of tracer asymptotes to a fraction of order 0.1 of the position of the centre of mass, depending on the number of layers and the overpressure of the source.
Factors considered and ignored in plural acquisition: Frequency rules?
Authors: ZARETSKY EUGEN , LANGE BENJAMIN P. , EULER HARALD A. , NEUMANN KATRIN 
Published: February 2015

abstractSeveral models of regularities behind plural overgeneralization patterns of four-year-old monolingual Germans and bi-/multilingual children acquiring German were empirically examined within the framework of single- and dual-route models. The factors taken into account were frequency, cue validity, productivity, and iconicity of plural allomorphs. In this large-scale cross-sectional study, the results of 893 children tested with a modified, validated version of the speech and language screeningMSSand of 476 children tested with a validated language testSETK 3-5were analyzed. For all overgeneralization models, paired groups of expected and not expected answers were compared in the Wilcoxon test. At the early stages of plural acquisition the frequency of plural allomorphs and the simplest phonetic–phonologically based regularities seem to be the crucial factors recognized by children acquiring German. Gender-based plural allomorph frequency was associated with advanced German skills. These findings support the single-route theory with its emphasis on the influence of input characteristics on children’s error patterns. No evidence was found for a default status of -sor any other plural marker, and hence for the dual-route theory.
Resistant maltodextrin promotes fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and production together with glucose tolerance in rats
Authors: Hira Tohru , Ikee Asuka , Kishimoto Yuka , Kanahori Sumiko , Hara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is produced and released from enteroendocrine L cells, plays pivotal roles in postprandial glycaemia. The ingestion of resistant maltodextrin (RMD), a water-soluble non-digestible saccharide, improves the glycaemic response. In the present study, we examined whether the continuous feeding of RMD to rats affected GLP-1 levels and glycaemic control. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diet containing either cellulose (5 %) as a control, RMD (2·5 or 5 %), or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS, 2·5 or 5 %) for 7 weeks. During the test period, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after 6 weeks. Fasting GLP-1 levels were significantly higher in the 5 % RMD group than in the control group after 6 weeks. The IPGTT results showed that the glycaemic response was lower in the 5 % RMD group than in the control group. Lower caecal pH, higher caecal tissue and content weights were observed in the RMD and FOS groups. Proglucagon mRNA levels were increased in the caecum and colon of both RMD and FOS groups, whereas caecal GLP-1 content was increased in the 5 % RMD group. In addition, a 1 h RMD exposure induced GLP-1 secretion in an enteroendocrine L-cell model, and single oral administration of RMD increased plasma GLP-1 levels in conscious rats. The present study demonstrates that continuous ingestion of RMD increased GLP-1 secretion and production in normal rats, which could be stimulated by its direct and indirect (enhanced gut fermentation) effects on GLP-1-producing cells, and contribute to improving glucose tolerance.