bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPISTEMIC VALUE AND EPISTEMIC COMPROMISE: A REPLY TO MOSS
Authors: Konigsberg Amir 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSarah Moss has recently suggested that when they encounter conflict, epistemic peers should not split the difference between the credence that they each assign to some disputed proposition p, as has been suggested by conciliatory approaches to belief revision in the debate surrounding disagreement in the literature. Moss contends that an epistemic compromise between peers need not be the arithmetic mean of prior credences, in the sense that if my credence in some proposition p is x and yours is y, the credence that is the result of our compromise need not be (x + y)/2. More generally, Moss's proposal advocates an approach to how estimations of truth value, exhibited in credences, should in fact be considered in resolving conflict and disagreement. The general idea is that splitting the difference between credences may be inadequate, seeing as agents may assign different epistemic values to different credences. While novel and clearly argued, I think that Moss's proposal fails to provide entirely convincing reasons for abandoning the traditional symmetrical approach to epistemic compromise and for adopting the scoring rule model instead. I demonstrate two problems with the model that Moss advocates.
A NEW EPISTEMIC UTILITY ARGUMENT FOR THE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPLE
Authors: Pettigrew Richard 
Published: March 2013

AbstractJim Joyce has presented an argument for Probabilism based on considerations of epistemic utility. In a recent paper, I adapted this argument to give an argument for Probablism and the Principal Principle based on similar considerations. Joyce's argument assumes that a credence in a true proposition is better the closer it is to maximal credence, whilst a credence in a false proposition is better the closer it is to minimal credence. By contrast, my argument in that paper assumed (roughly) that a credence in a proposition is better the closer it is to the objective chance of that proposition. In this paper, I present an epistemic utility argument for Probabilism and the Principal Principle that retains Joyce's assumption rather than the alternative I endorsed in the earlier paper. I argue that this results in a superior argument for these norms.
Insatiable Desire
Authors: Ellis Fiona 
Published: March 2013

Last night I had a desire for a glass of wine. Luckily I had a bottle in the fridge and could satisfy my desire. Earlier in the day I had a desire to run on the heath and I satisfied this desire too. And today, tired of reading yet more stuff on desire, I satisfied my desire to start writing. So desires can be satisfied. Not that they are guaranteed to be satisfied – the bottle in my fridge might have failed to materialize, and something might have prevented me from going for a run or getting down to writing – but that they can be satisfied. Witness C.S. Lewis:
Creatures are not born with desires unless satisfaction for those desires exists. A baby feels hunger: well, there is such a thing as food. A duckling wants to swim: well, there is such a thing as water. Men feel sexual desire: well, there is such a thing as sex.
The prevalence and incidence of dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review of population and clinical studies
Authors: Vann Jones S. A. , O'Brien J. T. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is increasingly recognized as a common cause of dementia in older people. However, its true frequency remains unclear, with previous studies reporting a prevalence range from zero to 22.8% of all dementia cases. This review aimed to establish the population prevalence and incidence for DLB and to compare this to its prevalence in secondary care settings.MethodA literature review of all relevant population and clinical studies was conducted using PubMed. Additional references from papers found during that process were added to this.ResultsDLB accounted for 4.2% of all diagnosed dementias in the community. In secondary care this increased to 7.5%. The incidence of DLB was 3.8% of new dementia cases. There was a significant increase in DLB diagnoses when using the revised (2005) International Consensus Criteria (ICC) for DLB compared to the original (1996) criteria.ConclusionsDLB currently accounts for around one in 25 dementia cases diagnosed in the community and one in 13 cases in secondary care. The significantly higher rates of DLB in secondary care may reflect enhanced diagnostic accuracy in specialist settings and/or the increased morbidity and carer burden of the DLB syndrome compared to other dementias. However, the true prevalence is likely to be much higher because DLB diagnoses are often missed, although there is evidence that new criteria aid case identification.
Cognition in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: impairments that are more similar than different
Authors: Owoso A. , Carter C. S. , Gold J. M. , MacDonald A. W. , Ragland J. D. , Silverstein S. M. , Strauss M. E. , Barch D. M. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundCognition is increasingly being recognized as an important aspect of psychotic disorders and a key contributor to functional outcome. In the past, comparative studies have been performed in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder with regard to cognitive performance, but the results have been mixed and the cognitive measures used have not always assessed the cognitive deficits found to be specific to psychosis. A set of optimized cognitive paradigms designed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia (CNTRACS) Consortium to assess deficits specific to schizophrenia was used to measure cognition in a large group of individuals with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder.MethodA total of 519 participants (188 with schizophrenia, 63 with schizo-affective disorder and 268 controls) were administered three cognitive paradigms assessing the domains of goal maintenance in working memory, relational encoding and retrieval in episodic memory and visual integration.ResultsAcross the three domains, the results showed no major quantitative differences between patient groups, with both groups uniformly performing worse than healthy subjects.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggests that, with regard to deficits in cognition, considered a major aspect of psychotic disorder, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder do not demonstrate major significant distinctions. These results have important implications for our understanding of the nosological structure of major psychopathology, providing evidence consistent with the hypothesis that there is no natural distinction between cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder.
Involvement of prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex in panic-like elaborated defensive behaviour and innate fear-induced antinociception elicited by GABAA receptor blockade in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei: role of the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor
Authors: de Freitas Renato Leonardo , Salgado-Rohner Carlos José , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecílio , de Souza Crippa José Alexandre , Coimbra Norberto Cysne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt has been shown that GABAA receptor blockade in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (DMH and VMH, respectively) induces elaborated defensive behavioural responses accompanied by antinociception, which has been utilized as an experimental model of panic attack. Furthermore, the prelimbic (PL) division of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been related to emotional reactions and the processing of nociceptive information. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of the PL cortex and the participation of local cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the elaboration of panic-like reactions and in innate fear-induced antinociception. Elaborated fear-induced responses were analysed during a 10-min period in an open-field test arena. Microinjection of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the DMH/VMH evoked panic-like behaviour and fear-induced antinociception, which was decreased by microinjection of the non-selective synaptic contact blocker cobalt chloride in the PL cortex. Moreover, microinjection of AM251 (25, 100 or 400 pmol), an endocannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, into the PL cortex also attenuated the defensive behavioural responses and the antinociception that follows innate fear behaviour elaborated by DMH/VMH. These data suggest that the PL cortex plays an important role in the organization of elaborated forward escape behaviour and that this cortical area is also involved in the elaboration of innate fear-induced antinociception. Additionally, CB1 receptors in the PL cortex modulate both panic-like behaviours and fear-induced antinociception elicited by disinhibition of the DMH/VMH through microinjection of bicuculline.
Influence of Crystallinity and Energetics on Charge Separation in Polymer–Inorganic Nanocomposite Films for Solar Cells
Authors: Bansal Neha , Reynolds Luke X. , MacLachlan Andrew , Lutz Thierry , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Zhang Weimin , Nielsen Christian B. , McCulloch Iain , Rebois Dylan G. , Kirchartz Thomas , Hill Michael S. , Molloy Kieran C. , Nelson Jenny , Haque Saif A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dissociation of photogenerated excitons and the subsequent spatial separation of the charges are of crucial importance to the design of efficient donor-acceptor heterojunction solar cells. While huge progress has been made in understanding charge generation at all-organic junctions, the process in hybrid organic:inorganic systems has barely been addressed. Here, we explore the influence of energetic driving force and local crystallinity on the efficiency of charge pair generation at hybrid organic:inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions. We use x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence quenching, transient absorption spectroscopy, photovoltaic device and electroluminescence measurements to demonstrate that the dissociation of photogenerated polaron pairs at hybrid heterojunctions is assisted by the presence of crystalline electron acceptor domains. We propose that such domains encourage delocalization of the geminate pair state. The present findings suggest that the requirement for a large driving energy for charge separation is relaxed when a more crystalline electron acceptor is used.
Modelling of free space optical link for ground‐to‐train communications using a Gaussian source
Authors: Paudel Rupak , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Le‐Minh Hoa , Rajbhandari Sujan 
Published: March 2013

The demand for access to broadband data services in high‐speed trains is increasing as more people are travelling to and from work, which is not met by the existing radio frequency technology. Therefore an alternative technology known as free space optics (FSO) could be readily adopted that could overcome the bandwidth bottleneck problem. The study presents a mathematical model of an FSO link for ground‐to‐train communications link and analyses the system performance in terms of the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the bit error rate (BER). The authors show that the simulated BER is in good agreement with the predicted results for bit rates up to 50 Mbps. The link budget analysis for the proposed system is also presented showing a link margin of 17.75 dB.
The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Channel Catfish Performance, Body Composition, Sensory Evaluation, and Storage Characteristics
Authors: Faukner Jimmy , Rawles Steven D , Proctor Andrew , Sink Todd D , Chen Ruguang , Philips Harold , Lochmann Rebecca T 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Fish consumption is a common method of obtaining beneficial n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), but increased use of vegetable oils in fish diets to reduce dependence on fish oil dilutes the amounts of LC-PUFAs. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are also considered beneficial for human health. Therefore, we investigated four different lipid sources in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets for their ability to enhance fatty acid profiles of fillets to benefit human health while maintaining or improving fish performance. In a 175-d grow-out trial, Channel Catfish (71.4 ± 0.1 g [mean ± SE]) were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from soybean oil (SO), soybean oil enhanced with conjugated linoleic acids, menhaden fish oil (FO), or an algal supplement of Schizochytrium sp. high in 22:6(n-3) (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). Diet effects were assessed by measuring fish growth performance, muscle proximate and fatty acid composition, sensory characteristics of fillets, consumer taste preferences, and oxidative stability of fillets during cold storage. There were no differences in fish growth performance or proximate composition. Only fish fed the CLA diet contained CLAs in the muscle. Fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets had higher concentrations of 22:6(n-3) in the muscle compared with fish fed the SO and CLA diets. Sensory evaluation and consumer preference testing were more favorable for fillets from fish fed the SO and CLA diets than from fish fed the FO and algal DHA diets. There were no differences in storage characteristics of fish refrigerated at 4°C for 2 weeks or frozen at −18°C for 4 weeks. Fillets from fish fed the FO diet yielded the highest concentration of fatty acids for human health benefits, followed by the fillets from fish fed the algal DHA diets. The CLA diet produced increased fillet concentrations of CLAs.
The impacts of demographic change
Authors: Goodwin John , O'Connor Henrietta 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the key themes in the area of the impact of demographic change on young workers and older workers in relation to education, skills and employment, as discussed in the papers included in this section. The authors have also drawn upon data from their project “From Young Workers to Older Workers” as a context for the papers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws out the main themes from the papers contained within this section and presents original data from interviews with 97 older workers who were interviewed at two points in time – labour market entry and labour market exit.FindingsThe selection of papers in this section is outlined, as well as offering some findings from the authors’ research on older workers.Originality/valueThe papers in this section, including this paper, offer an overview of some of the key debates in relation to the impact of demographic change on both young workers and older workers.
The twenty‐first century multiple generation workforce
Authors: Helyer Ruth , Lee Dionne 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the issues around a multiple generational workforce and more specifically, the challenges and benefits for education providers and employers.Design/methodology/approachReviewing research papers, analysing academic texts, interrogating market intelligence and contextualising case studies, the paper examines the “experience” or “qualifications” debate alongside the similarities, differences and overlaps of the cross‐generational workforce, with a view to offering education/training solutions.FindingsDemographic forecasts suggest that the UK workplace will imminently be dominated by older, experienced employees. As the composition of the workplace shifts, examining the inter‐relationship between groups of workers of different ages/profiles who have different skills, attitudes, expectations and learning styles is vital. The synergy caused by this inter‐mingling cannot help but impact on employers, sectors and higher education institutions.Research limitations/implicationsData around the “older” graduate is not readily available – there is still an implicit belief that “graduate” means approximately 21/22 years old. Whilst many general demographic forecasts are produced, the future is still relatively unknown.Originality/valueThe paper builds upon the authors’ own original research into the employment market from an HE perspective. Little has been so far published around how the generations might usefully work together, especially the idea of adapting the skills and maximising on the overlaps of different generational profiles. The exploration of the hybrid graduate is also a new area for academic research.
Spoilt for choice, spoilt by choice
Authors: Duckworth Vicky , Cochrane Matthew 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the choices learners have in steering their way through the educational system in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on data from two studies, one conducted in a state secondary school and the other in a Further Education College, both based in the north‐west of England. Both used interviews (either individual or focus‐group) to collect data, which were then analysed using a grounded approach.FindingsIn linking the two studies the authors highlight how the impact of symbolic violence and the relations between groups and classes at school continue into the “choices” the learners make during adulthood and also into the learner's working life, and that these “choices” are often a large‐scale consequence of many “micro‐choices” arising from day‐to‐day situations. The acts of symbolic violence described in the college group are not of themselves very different from those described by the school group, though the consequences for the school group cannot yet be known.Research limitations/implicationsThe participants in the two groups are unconnected in that they attend different institutions and are at very different stages of their education. However the authors contend that there is a connection in terms of the participants’ experience of symbolic violence.Originality/valueThe paper draws attention to the existence of symbolic violence in everyday school life, and highlights how these instances can have significant impact.
Enhancing young graduates’ intention towards entrepreneurship development in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Zainalabidin , Rezai Golnaz , Nasir Shamsudin Mad , Mu’az Mahmud Muhammad 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Basic Student Entrepreneurial Programme (BSEP) among local university graduates who have undergone the training programme in entrepreneurship development.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 410 respondents who had participated in BSEP were interviewed with a structural questionnaire to gather information on their social attitude towards the effectiveness of BSEP on their intention to become an agri‐entrepreneur. Chi‐square analysis was used to determine the relationship between demographic variables towards motivating agri‐entrepreneurship among the participants.FindingsThe results show that the participants agreed upon the effectiveness of BSEP in developing graduates’ intention towards becoming agri‐entrepreneurs. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between three variables which motivate participants to become agri‐entrepreneurs. These were the origin of the participant, the presence of family members already involved in entrepreneurial activities and educational background.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is only concerned with students’ perceptions towards the effectiveness of BSEP in encouraging them to become agri‐entrepreneurs. The results from this paper are limited in terms of determining whether they really become an agri‐entrepreneur or not because this research only focuses on intention.Practical implicationsThe paper provides an important exploratory analysis of the BSEP programme to enable further research to take place in the area of entrepreneurship education. The findings provide a valuable insight on effective teaching methodologies in the area of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe paper expands on Ajzen's framework to provide a basis to improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia.
Entrepreneurship education and training needs of family businesses operating in the agricultural sector of India
Authors: Sandhu Navjot , Hussain Javed , Matlay Harry 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the entrepreneurship education and training (EET) needs of small family businesses operating in the agricultural sector of the Indian economy.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative and qualitative data were collected through a survey of 122 agricultural family firms in the Indian state of Punjab. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistical methods to establish causal relationships between key variables and EET needs in these family firms.FindingsResults show that owner/managers of small family businesses have low levels of EET and hence higher needs. Lack of sufficient funds and low awareness about the availability of training are the most significant challenges for these family firms in accessing financial education and training. Factors such as level of education and training of the owner/manager were found to be major determinants of family firms’ take up of EET.Originality/valueThis research paper makes an empirically rigorous contribution to a relatively under‐researched aspect of small family businesses operating in India. The results established that EET is a prerequisite for economic growth in the agricultural sector of the Indian economy.
Gaming across cultures: experimenting with alternate pedagogies
Authors: Pillay Soma , James Reynold 
Published: March 2013

PurposeHigher education is influenced, to an increasing extent, by changing student demographics. This requires educators to design and deliver learning systems which will enhance students’ learning experience with innovative, real world and engaging resources. The authors predict that transformations in the learning systems will increase as higher learning institutions seek to add educational value. The authors maintain that current pedagogies in cross‐cultural education are insufficiently adapted to student learning‐style needs. This problem is particularly noticeable in one cross‐cultural setting. This study aims to explore games, as an alternate pedagogy, to enhance learning systems.Design/methodology/approachStudents’ feedback formed the primary qualitative data for this study. The paper develops a conceptual model which provides an organised framework to manage intercultural differences, using games. The Mapping, Bridging, Integrating (MBI) model creates an opportunity for students to appreciate differences and understand the model's implications for their careers in international management.FindingsParticipants’ responses to the games were overwhelmingly positive. Participants’ responses indicated games as a preferred method for developing the intercultural competence, team work, decision making and self awareness skills essential for business and entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThere is a growing need to consider and align the relationship between education, the increasing cultural diversity in student populations, and the learning and teaching styles of a changing student population in order to enhance the extent of expected knowledge transfer.Originality/valueIn this study, the authors adopted a qualitative approach to trialling the use of games in a cross‐cultural context with the view to reducing international cross‐cultural barriers and developing skills in intercultural competence, self awareness, collaborative working and decision making. This study shows the need for alternative, more integrative models of education comprising elements of complexity that fit with an increasingly complex world.