bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Activation of CaO‐Based Adsorbents for CO2 Capture
Authors: Sayyah Maryam , Lu Yongqi , Masel Richard I. , Suslick Kenneth S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reversible cycling of CaO adsorbents to CaCO3 for high‐temperature CO2 capture is substantially improved by mechanical treatment. The mechanical milling intensity and conditions of grinding (e.g., wet vs. dry, planetary vs. vibratory milling) were determined to be the main factors that control the effectiveness of the mechanochemical synthesis to enhance the recycling stability of the sorbents prepared. In addition, MgO was used as an example of an inert binder to help mitigate CaCO3 sintering. Wet planetary milling of MgO into CaCO3 allowed efficient particle size reduction and the effective dispersion of MgO throughout the particles. Wet planetary milling yielded the most stable sorbents during 50 cycles of carbonation–calcination.
Mesoporous Siliconiobium Phosphate as a Pure Brønsted Acid Catalyst with Excellent Performance for the Dehydration of Glycerol to Acrolein
Authors: Choi Youngbo , Park Dae Sung , Yun Hyeong Jin , Baek Jayeon , Yun Danim , Yi Jongheop 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe development of solid acid catalysts that contain a high density of Brønsted acid sites with suitable acidity, as well as a long lifetime, is one of great challenges for the efficient dehydration of glycerol to acrolein. Herein, we report on a mesoporous siliconiobium phosphate (NbPSi‐0.5) composite, which is a promising solid Brønsted acid that is a potential candidate for such a high‐performance catalyst. A variety of characterization results confirm that NbPSi‐0.5 contains nearly pure Brønsted acid sites and has well‐defined large mesopores. In addition, NbPSi‐0.5 contains a similar amount of acid sites and exhibits weaker acidity than that of the highly acidic niobium phosphate and HZSM‐5 zeolite. NbPSi‐0.5 is quite stable and has a high activity for the dehydration of glycerol. The stability of NbPSi‐0.5 is about three times higher than that of the reported catalyst. The significantly enhanced catalytic performance of NbPSi‐0.5 can be attributed to 1) nearly pure Brønsted acidity, which suppresses side reactions that lead to coke formation; 2) a significant reduction of pore blocking due to the mesopores; and 3) a decrease in the amount and oxidation temperature of coke.
Commentary on ‘Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: McGrath Patrick J. , Chorney Jill , Riddell Rebecca Pillai , Racine Nicole , Turcotte Kara , Uman Lindsay , Lisi Diana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Pillai Riddell RR, Racine NM, Turcotte K, Uman LS, Horton RE, Din Osmun L, Ahola Kohut S, Hillgrove Stuart J, Stevens B, Gerwitz‐Stern A. Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006275. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD006275.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Diversity of birds in eastern North America shifts north with global warming
Authors: McDonald Kenneth W. , McClure Christopher J. W. , Rolek Brian W. , Hill Geoffrey E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe distribution of diversity along latitudinal and elevation gradients, and the coupling of this phenomenon with climate, is a pattern long recognized in ecology. Hypothesizing that climate change may have altered this pattern over time, we investigated whether the aggregate of reported northward shifts of bird ranges in North America is now detectable in community‐level indices such as richness and diversity. Here, we report that bird diversity in North America increased and shifted northward between 1966 and 2010. This change in the relationship of diversity to the latitudinal gradient is primarily influenced by range expansions of species that winter in the eastern United States as opposed to species which migrate to this area from wintering grounds in the tropics. This increase in diversity and its northward expansion is best explained by an increase in regional prebreeding season temperature over the past 44 years.
Catalytic Epoxidations with Pyridinebis(oxazoline)–Methyltrioxorhenium Complexes and Nitrogen‐Containing Catalyst Systems
Authors: Kiersch Konstanze , Li Yuehui , Junge Kathrin , Szesni Normen , Fischer Richard , Kühn Fritz E. , Beller Matthias 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe epoxidation of olefins with methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) in the presence of various chiral oxazolines and pyridinebis(oxazoline) ligands as well as achiral N‐ligands has been investigated. By applying 1‐octene as a model system, reaction conditions were optimized, and high yields and good chemoselectivity (>90 %) were achieved. By applying other aromatic and aliphatic olefins, similar chemoselectivities and up to 19 % enantioselectivity were obtained.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Complexes of a Tetrapyridyl Ligand, and Their Use in the Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Gamba Ilaria , Mutikainen Ilpo , Bouwman Elisabeth , Reedijk Jan , Bonnet Sylvestre 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of new copper complexes of the tetrapyridyl ligand N,N′‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐diamine (bapbpy) is reported. The crystal structures of the compounds [Cu(bapbpy)(H2O)]Cl2·H2O (1), [Cu(bapbpy)(H2O)]Br2·H2O (2) and [Cu(bapbpy)(H2O)](NO3)2·H2O (3) have been elucidated and show the copper(II) ions to be in a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry with the tetradentate ligand in the equatorial plane. Conductivity measurements on 1 revealed that it is fully ionized in methanol, i.e., the chloride ions are not coordinated to copper(II) in methanolic solutions. The room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of methanol solutions of the complexes show a copper signal with a giso value of 2.110; it shows hyperfine splitting into four lines (ACu = 77 G) and superhyperfine splitting into nine lines (AN = 12 G) owing to the interaction with the nuclear spin of the four nitrogen donor atoms of the bapbpy ligand. The catalytic activity of 1, 2 and 3 in the aerobic homogeneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol in presence of the TEMPO radical [(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxidanyl] was investigated. Benzaldehyde is obtained selectively and the production of benzoic acid is not observed during 24 h of reaction. EPR analyses, carried out under stoichiometric conditions, show that the TEMPO radical does not interact with the copper centre. These data suggest that oxidation of the substrate may occur in the second coordination sphere of the copper complex.
The Formation of 3D Fullerene Packing in Molecular Complexes of C60 and C70 with Metal Diethyl Dithiophosphates: [M(dedtp)2]·[C60(70)]3 (M = NiII, CoII, and VIVO)
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of molecular complexes of fullerenes C60 and C70 with metal diethyl dithiophosphates [M(dedtp)2]·[C60(70)]3 (1–4), in which M = NiII, CoII, and VIVO was obtained as single crystals and structurally characterized. The complexes exhibit unusual three‐dimensional packing of the fullerenes in which each fullerene molecule forms van der Waals contacts with ten fullerene neighbors. Such fullerene packing has been observed for the first time in the molecular complexes of fullerenes. Each metal diethyl dithiophosphate molecule is surrounded by eight fullerenes and forms short van der Waals C···C contacts with fullerenes by ethoxy groups only. Central PS2MS2P fragments of [M(dedtp)2] do not form short van der Waals contacts with fullerenes in 1–4 in contrast to previously studied fullerene complexes with metal diethyldithiocarbamates in which effective π–π interactions between the planar NCS2MS2CN fragments of dithiocarbamates and fullerenes was found. Both [NiII(dedtp)2] in 1 and 2 and [CoII(dedtp)2] in 3 have square‐planar environments around the metal center with the M–S bonds in the 2.227(1)–2.275(1) Å range, whereas vanadium atoms have a square‐pyramidal environment in [VIVO(dedtp)2] (4) with one short V–O bond that is 1.597(1) Å long and four longer V–S bonds in the 2.394–2.439(2) Å range.
Photoactive Chromium(III)–Cyclam Complexes with Axially Bound geminal‐Diethynylethenes
Authors: Forrest William P. , Cao Zhi , Hambrick H. Rhodes , Prentice Boone M. , Fanwick Phillip E. , Wagenknecht Paul S. , Ren Tong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReported herein are the preparation and characterization of trans‐[Cr(cyclam)(X‐gem‐DEE)2]OTf compounds (gem‐DEE = σ‐geminal‐diethynylethene, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) 1 and 2, which are the first examples of 3d metal complexes containing gem‐DEE ligands. All compounds reported herein were characterized by visible, emission, and infrared spectroscopy, electrochemistry (CV and DPV), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and compound 2 was further studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both the photophyiscal data and the structural data indicate that the gem‐DEE ligands are similar to simple linear alkynyls in their coordination to the CrIII core. DFT calculations revealed that π delocalization is the most extensive within the SOMO and SOMO–1, in which both the vinyl and free ethynyl groups of the gem‐DEE ligand contribute significantly to the π⟂ orbital that mixes intimately with both the dyz and dxz orbitals of the Cr core.
Comparative Study of the Regioselectivity and Reaction Media for the Synthesis of 1‐tert‐Butyl‐3(5)‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Martins Marcos A. P. , Marzari Mara R. B. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Zanatta Marcileia , Buriol Lilian , Andrade Valquiria P. , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA study is presented for the synthesis of a series of 1‐tert‐butyl‐3(5)‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles from the reaction of 4‐alkoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐alken‐2‐ones [CF3C(O)CH=C(R1)(OR), where R = Et and R1 = H or R = Me and R1 = Me, Ph, 4‐Me‐C6H4, 4‐MeO‐C6H4, 4‐F‐C6H4, 4‐Cl‐C6H4, 4‐Br‐C6H4, 4‐I‐C6H4, fur‐2‐yl, thien‐2‐yl, or naphth‐2‐yl] with tert‐butylhydrazine hydrochloride. When [BMIM][BF4] (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and pyridine were used as the reaction media, we obtained a mixture of 1‐tert‐butyl‐3(5)‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles. The formation of 5‐trifluoromethyl‐1‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrazoles with high regioselectivity occurred when the reaction was carried out with NaOH in EtOH. The formation of 1‐tert‐butyl‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazoles occurred, after hydrolysis of the 4‐alkoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐alken‐2‐ones in H2O and H2SO4, followed by cyclization in [BMIM][BF4] and pyridine.
Thienannulation: Efficient Synthesis of π‐Extended Thienoacenes Applicable to Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Nakano Masahiro , Kang Myeong Jin , Miyazaki Eigo , Osaka Itaru 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis microreview focuses on several thiophene‐annulation reactions of less cyclic precursors on aromatic units (“thienannulation reactions”), which have been applied to the synthesis of a range of π‐extended thienoacene‐based organic semiconductors. Those thienannulation reactions can be applicable to the syntheses of two types of fused‐thiophene compounds: those with terminal fused thiophene units, represented by acene(di)thiophenes such as benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT), and those with internal thiophene units, such as [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT). In addition, this microreview discusses the merits, scope, and limitations of the thienannulation reactions and demonstrates their high reproducibility with different substrates. It also shows that the corresponding less cyclic precursor subunits for the thiophene‐fused substructures can be regarded as synthetic equivalents or “synthons” for certain types of thienoacene‐based organic semiconductors.
Simple Ionic Liquid Supported C2‐Symmetric Bisprolinamides as Recoverable Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in the Presence of Water
Authors: Kochetkov Sergei V. , Kucherenko Alexandr S. , Kryshtal Galina V. , Zhdankina Galina M. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractC2‐Symmetric (S)‐prolinamides modified with ionic groups and bearing achiral diamine units were synthesized. Their potency as reusable organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions of cycloalkanones or methyl ketones with aromatic (heteroaromatic) aldehydes in the presence of water was demonstrated. The 1,4‐diaminobenzene‐derived catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance and excellent recoverability over at least 15 reaction–regeneration cycles under the studied conditions.
Copper Powder Catalyzed Direct Ring‐Opening Arylation of Benzazoles with Aryl Iodides in Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Yao Lifang , Zhou Qing , Han Wei , Wei Shaohua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe expedient and efficient copper powder catalyzed direct ring‐opening arylation of benzazoles with aryl iodides in polyethylene glycol that proceeds in the absence of an added ligand has been developed. The protocol provides facile access to 2‐(arylthio)anilines and 2‐phenoxyanilines in high yields with a wide tolerance of functional groups. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the active catalyst results from the in situ generation of copper nanoparticles under standard reaction conditions, which is an alternative avenue to develop a highly effective metallic copper catalyst. Moreover, the catalytic system can be recycled up to six times.
Friedel–Crafts Acylation Reactions Using Esters
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Garai Sumanta , Dutta Achintya Kumar , Pal Sourav 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntermolecular and intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions of various aliphatic and aromatic esters at room temperature with the use of very simple reagents and activating groups in are described. The products were obtained in good yield (60–85 %). The detailed mechanistic pathway was studied by DFT calculations and supported by experimental evidence.
Demethylenation of Tröger's Bases with Concomitant Hydrazine Formation
Authors: Gao Xuefeng , Hampton Carissa S. , Harmata Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTrögers bases (TBs) react with dimethyldioxirane to produce the corresponding N‐oxides in excellent yields. Upon treatment with acetic anhydride, these N‐oxides undergo a Polonovski‐type reaction that involves fragmentation and ultimate nitrogen–nitrogen bond formation to form hydrazines. Steric effects are evident in both the oxidation step and in the step involving the activation of the N‐oxide, such that certain TBs are not amenable to the process.
Coupling snowpack and groundwater dynamics to interpret historical streamflow trends in the western United States
Authors: Safeeq Mohammad , Grant Gordon E. , Lewis Sarah L. , Tague Christina. L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA key challenge for resource and land managers is predicting the consequences of climate warming on streamflow and water resources. During the last century in the western United States, significant reductions in snowpack and earlier snowmelt have led to an increase in the fraction of annual streamflow during winter and a decline in the summer. Previous work has identified elevation as it relates to snowpack dynamics as the primary control on streamflow sensitivity to warming. But along with changes in the timing of snowpack accumulation and melt, summer streamflows are also sensitive to intrinsic, geologically mediated differences in the efficiency of landscapes in transforming recharge (either as rain or snow) into discharge; we term this latter factor drainage efficiency. Here we explore the conjunction of drainage efficiency and snowpack dynamics in interpreting retrospective trends in summer streamflow during 1950–2010 using daily streamflow from 81 watersheds across the western United States. The recession constant (k) and fraction of precipitation falling as snow (Sf) were used as metrics of deep groundwater and overall precipitation regime (rain and/or snow), respectively. This conjunctive analysis indicates that summer streamflows in watersheds that drain slowly from deep groundwater and receive precipitation as snow are most sensitive to climate warming. During the spring, however, watersheds that drain rapidly and receive precipitation as snow are most sensitive to climate warming. Our results indicate that not all trends in western United States are associated with changes in snowpack dynamics; we observe declining streamflow in late fall and winter in rain‐dominated watersheds as well. These empirical findings support both theory and hydrologic modelling and have implications for how streamflow sensitivity to warming is interpreted across broad regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The complex interaction of ecology and hydrology in a small catchment: a salmon's perspective
Authors: Cunjak R. A. , Linnansaari T. , Caissie D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor the past 22 years, we have monitored hydro‐meteorological conditions and fish population dynamics in Catamaran Brook, a 52 km2 catchment in the Miramichi River system of New Brunswick, Canada. Given the long‐term nature of the multidisciplinary dataset, we are able to provide an overview of the complex interaction between streamflow and fish population dynamics drawing on previously published material as well as new data analyses. For autumn‐spawning fishes like the Atlantic salmon, access to headwater reaches was directly related to streamflow during late October (when they ascend spawning tributaries), as well as the propensity of beaver dams in the stream (also a function of streamflow). Winter streamflow was positively correlated with egg survival, except when rain‐on‐snow conditions induced severe ice break‐up events that likely caused the highest mortalities on record for salmon and other fishes. Juvenile recruitment was significantly influenced by density‐dependent processes of growth and competition but further mediated by density‐independent factors like winter flow. In spring, fry emergence was largely temperature‐driven, although peaks in fry drift were sometimes synchronized with secondary discharge peaks and temperature. Tributaries like Catamaran Brook provide thermal refugia for coolwater fishes like salmon and trout during the summer when wide, shallow main‐stem Atlantic rivers experience low discharge and high water temperatures that induce physiological and behavioural stress (i.e. > 23 °C). These phenomena are discussed in detail, especially in terms of how they may be compromised by future changes in hydrologic conditions resulting from predicted climate change scenarios. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interim analysis of START: Study in asia of the combination of TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) with sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma trial
Authors: Chung Young‐Hwa , Han Guohong , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Yang Jijin , Wang Jianhua , Shao Guo‐Liang , Kim Byung Ik , Lee Teng‐Yu , Chao Yee 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represents a first‐line noncurative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, has been shown to be effective and safe monotherapy in patients with advanced HCC and the current study reports the interim results of a prospective Phase II, open label, trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the combination of sorafenib and conventional TACE in patients from the Asia‐Pacific region with intermediate HCC. Patients with histologically or clinically diagnosed HCC were treated with conventional TACE followed by sorafenib 4 to 7 days later. TACE was performed by selective transarterial chemotherapy in the vessels feeding the tumor with an emulsion of lipiodol (5–20 ml) and doxorubicin (30–60 mg) followed by embolization with absorbable particles (gel foam). TACE/sorafenib cycles were repeated every 6–8 weeks. Primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability, in addition to the efficacy of TACE combined with sorafenib for HCC. A total of 147 patients were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis and received at least one dose of sorafenib. Gastrointestinal AEs were reported by 62.6% of patients while 57.8% reported skin AEs although most were mild to moderate. The mean number of cycles undertaken was 2.1 and 63.3% of patients achieved either partial response or stable disease. Clinically, the disease control rate was 91.2% while the overall response rate was calculated as 52.4%. Our study shows that concurrent sorafenib and TACE therapy is safe and effective with no unexpected side effects.
Contrasting effects of type 2 and type 1 diabetes on plasma RBP4 levels: The significance of transthyretin
Authors: Pullakhandam Raghu , Palika Ravindranadh , Ghosh Sudip , Reddy Geereddy Bhanuprakash 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRetinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein. Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR. Recent studies indicate elevated plasma levels of RBP4 in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, reduced RBP4 levels were observed in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D. The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR. It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration. However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4. Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(12): 975–982, 2012
The impairment of insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Candeias Emanuel , Duarte Ana I. , Carvalho Cristina , Correia Sónia C. , Cardoso Susana , Santos Renato X. , Plácido Ana I. , Perry George , Moreira Paula I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlterations of the insulin signaling cascade underlie cognitive decline and the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a great interest has been put in studying the interaction between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, evidence shows that both diseases present several biochemical similarities including defects in the insulin signaling pathway. Here, we give an overview of the main functions of insulin in the central nervous system. The impact of insulin signaling impairment in brain aging and AD is also discussed. Finally, we present evidence supporting the notion that insulin is a link between diabetes and AD. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(12): 951–957, 2012
Unpacking Pandora's Box: Issues in the Assessment of English Learners’ Literacy Skill Development in Multimodal Classrooms
Authors: Pandya Jessica Zacher 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this commentary I unpack the Pandora's Box of issues related to the assessment of English language learners’ literacy skill development in multimodal classrooms. I ask how we might quantify the benefits of multimodal composing, for k‐12 as well as college students, given the existing complexity of assessing ELLs’ traditional literacy skills. I use a case study of a college student, as well as data from a project in a k‐8 site, to explore these issues and provide some starting points for a larger public discussion. I unpack four key issues and offer approaches to address each one.