bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements and LES of a SGT-800 Burner in a Combustion Rig
Authors: Lörstad Daniel , Lindholm Annika , Barhaghi Darioush Gohari , Bonaldo Alessio , Fedina Ekaterina , Fureby Christer , Lantz Andreas , Collin Robert , Aldén Marcus 
Published: July 2013

The Siemens gas turbine SGT-800 is the largest industrial gas turbine produced by Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery (SIT) offering a dry low emission (DLE) capability below 15 ppm NOx. It has a very high reliability using an annular combustor system with passive damping and 30 DLE burners. To obtain a greater understanding of the mixing process and the flame dynamics and in order to further reduce the emission levels, single burner rig tests have been performed. The laboratory measurements are complemented by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations to further investigate the transient fuel distribution and subsequent flame behavior.
The measurements were performed jointly by SIT and Lund University using the SIT single burner combustion rig, where the square chamber allows great optical access in the flame region. The experimental data includes wall temperature, pressure fluctuations, light intensity variation and simultaneous Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence of OH and acetone. This investigation is complemented using fuel concentration field laser measurements of the fuel distribution upstream of the flame region in SIT water rig, using a burner partly made of Plexiglas to allow for optical access.
The LES model was developed jointly by SIT and FOI. The LES computations were performed using a combustion code developed from the OpenFOAM library utilizing the mixed subgrid flow model, complemented with a subgrid wall model. The reacting flow was simulated using a Finite Rate Chemistry (FRC) combustion model based on the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) model. For this study, a two-step global/reduced methane-air reaction mechanism was employed to describe the combustion chemistry. The RANS simulations were performed with ANSYS Fluent, using the k-ε Realizable eddy viscosity turbulence model in combination with the Fluent partially premixed combustion model. This model is a combination of the Zimont flamelet progress variable model and a Probability Density Function based non-premixed combustion model.
The investigation includes a detailed evaluation of the numerical results compared to the measurement data. The numerical model includes the upstream air supply and fuel line systems up to well-defined constrictions to ensure appropriate acoustic inlet conditions. The measurements reveal large fluctuations in the flame region, which has been investigated using LES.
Influence of the Air Preheat Temperature and the Fuel Preheat Temperature in the Adiabatic Flame Temperature for Gaseous Fuels of Low Heating Value
Authors: Tourlidakis A. , Malkogianni A. 
Published: July 2013

Adiabatic flame temperature is of significant importance for the design of a GT combustor, as it is the temperature under the condition of no heat loss takes place from the combustion system. This importance arises from the fact that it plays an important role in the pollutants emitted from the system, such as carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides. Additionally, the temperature also affect the thermal stresses set up in the combustion system, such stress may lead to the deterioration of the chamber if not well controlled. Consequently, it is essential before the construction of the combustion chamber, a simulation process for the temperature distribution within the combustion system to be carried out, in order to avoid local thermal stresses and to minimize nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides emissions, pollutants of great concern, that are very dependent on the flame temperature. The factors that predominantly affect the adiabatic flame temperature are the fuel heating value, the type of oxidant, FAR, the temperature of the reactants, the amount of oxygen in the air, as well as the dissociation phenomena. In this study, a code in FORTRAN programming language is developed for the calculation of the adiabatic flame temperature. The simulation is performed for different gaseous fuels of low calorific value, for air preheat, for fuel preheat, as well as for various Φ.
From the simulation resulted that Tad and Φ for each fuel are totally dependent on the fuel’s calorific value. Both for the case of the air preheat, and the fuel preheat temperature it was observed increase of the Tad. Preheating of combustible mixture by recycling heat from flue gases has been considered an effective technology not only for combustion of low calorific fuels but also for fuel conservation.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Duck Hepatitis A Virus 1 Isolated from a Pigeon in China
Authors: Shi Shaohua , Chen Hongmei , Chen Zhen , Fu Guanghua , Wan Chunhe , Huang Yu , Lin Su , Cheng Longfei , Fu Qiuling , Lin Jiansheng , Lin Fang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of a duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1), strain FJ1220, isolated from a dead pigeon in eastern China. DHAV-1 FJ1220 has high homology of up to 99.6% to the DHAV-1 strain Du/CH/LGD/111238 but relatively low homology to strains FFZ05 and FZ05. An amino acid hypervariable region in the VP1 protein of FJ1220 has the motif
180
TPSGR
184
replaced by
180
ALSRG
184
compared to strains FFZ05 and FZ05.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Frankia
sp. Strain BMG5.12, a Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacterium Isolated from Tunisian Soils
Authors: Nouioui Imen , Beauchemin Nicholas , Cantor Michael N. , Chen Amy , Detter J. Chris , Furnholm Teal , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Goodwin Lynne , Gtari Maher , Han Cliff , Han James , Huntemann Marcel , Hua Susan Xinyu , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Markowitz Victor , Mavrommatis Kostas , Mikhailova Natalia , Nordberg Henrik P. , Ovchinnikova Galina , Pagani Ioanna , Pati Amrita , Sen Arnab , Sur Saubashya , Szeto Ernest , Thakur Subarna , Wall Luis , Wei Chia-Lin , Woyke Tanja , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Members of the actinomycete genus
Frankia
form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with 8 different families of actinorhizal plants. We report a draft genome sequence for
Frankia
sp. strain BMG5.12, a nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium isolated from Tunisian soils with the ability to infect
Elaeagnus angustifolia
and
Myrica gale
.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus sakei subsp.
sakei
LS25, a Commercial Starter Culture Strain for Fermented Sausage
Authors: McLeod Anette , Brede Dag Anders , Rud Ida , Axelsson Lars 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus sakei
is a lactic acid bacterium associated primarily with fermented meat and fish. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
L. sakei
subsp.
sakei
strain LS25, a commercial starter culture strain for fermented sausage.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus gastricus PS3, a Strain Isolated from Human Milk
Authors: Martín Virginia , Cárdenas Nivia , Jiménez Esther , Maldonado Antonio , Rodríguez Juan Miguel , Fernández Leonides 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus gastricus
is a mostly unknown lactobacilli species associated with mucosal surfaces. We present the draft annotated genome sequence of
L. gastricus
strain PS3, isolated from a human milk sample, to provide new insights into its biology and to characterize those genes related to advantageous technological and beneficial properties.
Comparing two types of macrolide antibiotics for the purpose of assessing population-based drug interactions
Authors: Fleet Jamie L , Shariff Salimah Z , Bailey David G , Gandhi Sonja , Juurlink David N , Nash Danielle M , Mamdani Muhammad , Gomes Tara , Patel Amit M , Garg Amit X 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveClarithromycin strongly inhibits enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4, preventing the metabolism of some other drugs, while azithromycin is a weak inhibitor. Accordingly, blood concentrations of other drugs increase with clarithromycin coprescription leading to adverse events. These macrolide antibiotics also differ on other properties that may impact outcomes. In this study, we compared outcomes in two groups of macrolide antibiotic users in the absence of potentially interacting drugs.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada, from 2003 to 2010.PatientsPatients (mean 74 years) prescribed clarithromycin (n=52 251) or azithromycin (referent group, n=46 618).Main outcomesThe primary outcomes were hospital admission within 30 days of a new antibiotic prescription with any of the 12 conditions examined separately (acute kidney injury, acute myocardial infarction, neuroimaging (proxy for delirium), hypotension, syncope, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperglycaemia, arrhythmia, ischaemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and sepsis). The secondary outcome was mortality.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the two groups, including patient demographics, comorbid conditions, infection type and prescribing physician specialty, were nearly identical. The median daily dose was 1000 mg for clarithromycin and 300 mg for azithromycin and the median duration of dispensing antibiotics was 10 and 5 days, respectively. There was no difference between the groups in the risk of hospitalisation for any condition studied (relative risk ranged from 0.67 to 1.23). Compared with azithromycin, clarithromycin was associated with a slightly higher risk of all-cause mortality (0.46% vs 0.37%, relative risk 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.52).ConclusionsClarithromycin can be used to assess drug interactions in population-based studies with azithromycin serving as a control group. However, any differences in mortality observed between the two antibiotic groups in the setting of other drug use may be partially attributable to factors beyond the inhibition of drug metabolising enzymes and transporters, as the difference for this outcome was significant.
MODEL REDUCTION WITH GEOMETRIC STIFFENING NONLINEARITIES FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF MULTIBODY SYSTEMS
Authors: WANG FENGXIA 
Published: July 2013

This work investigates the implementation of nonlinear model reduction to flexible multibody dynamics. Linear elastic theory will lead to instability issues with rotating beam-like structures, due to the neglecting of the membrane-bending coupling on the beam cross-section. During the past decade, considerable efforts have been focused on the derivation of geometric nonlinear formulation based on nodal coordinates. In order to reduce the computation cost in flexible multibody dynamics, which is extremely important for complex large system simulations, modal reduction is usually implemented to a rotating flexible structure with geometric nonlinearities retained in the model. In this work, a standard model reduction process based on matrix operation is developed, and the essential geometric stiffening nonlinearities are retained in the reduced model. The time responses of a tip point on a rotating Euler–Bernoulli blade are calculated based on two nonlinear reduced models. The first reduced model is derived by the standard matrix operation from a full finite element model and the second reduced model is obtained via the Galerkin method. The matrix operation model reduction process is validated through the comparison of the simulation results obtained from these two different reduced models. An interesting phenomenon is observed in this work: In the nonlinear model, if only quadratic geometric stiffing term is retained, the two reduced models converge to the full finite element model with only one bending mode and two axial modes. While if both quadratic and cubic geometric stiffing terms are retained in the nonlinear equation, the modal-based reduced model will not converge to the finite element model unless all eigenmodes are retained, that is the reduced model has no degree of freedom reduction at all.
Ground penetrating radar use in three contrasting soil textures in southern Ontario
Authors: Lowe A. C. , Beresford D. V. , Carter D. O. , Gaspari F. , O’Brien R. C. , Forbes S. L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-invasive, geophysical tool that can be used for the identification of clandestine graves. GPR operates by detecting density differences in soil by the transmission of high frequency electromagnetic waves from an antenna. Domestic pig (
Sus scrofa domesticus
) carcasses were clothed in 100% cotton t-shirts and 50% cotton/50% polyester briefs, and buried at a consistent depth at three field sites of contrasting soil texture (silty clay loam, fine sand and fine sandy loam) in southern Ontario. GPR was used to detect and monitor the graves for a period of 14 months post-burial. Analysis of collected data revealed that GPR had applicability in the identification of clandestine graves in silty clay loam and fine sandy loam soils, but was not suitable for detection in the fine sandy soil studied. The results of this research have applicability within forensic investigations involving decomposing remains by aiding in the location of clandestine graves in loam soils in southern Ontario through the use of GPR.
Undertaking Cancer Research in International Settings: Report from the American Society for Preventive Oncology Special Interest Group on International Issues in Cancer
Authors: Wernli Karen J. , Kitahara Cari M. , Tamers Sara L. , Al-Temimi Mohammed H. , Braithwaite Dejana 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The mission of the American Society for Preventive Oncology Special Interest Group in International Issues in Cancer is to serve as a worldwide cancer prevention resource. At the 2013 annual meeting, we presented three early career investigators who conducted research with international collaborators as part of postdoctoral studies. We present a synopsis of each of the scientific presentations. The investigators also highlight useful strategies to encourage a more successful international collaboration, including seeking out existing collaborations between colleagues and international researchers, maintaining awareness and sensitivity of cultural norms, establishing clear communication about investigator roles and expectations, and persevering in the face of potential challenges due to the nature of these collaborations. Incorporation of these key elements could prove useful for researchers interested in pursuing cross-country projects. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1638–41. ©2013 AACR.
GKN1–miR-185–DNMT1 Axis Suppresses Gastric Carcinogenesis through Regulation of Epigenetic Alteration and Cell Cycle
Authors: Yoon Jung Hwan , Choi Yoo Jin , Choi Won Suk , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T. , Nam Suk Woo , Lee Jung Young , Park Won Sang 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) functions to protect the gastric antral mucosa and promotes healing by facilitating restoration and proliferation after injury. GKN1 is downregulated in Helicobacter pylori–infected gastric epithelial cells and loss of GKN1 expression is closely associated with gastric carcinogenesis, but underlying mechanisms of the tumor-suppressing effects of GKN1 remain largely unknown.
Experimental Design: AGS, MKN1, MKN28 gastric cancer cells and HFE-145 immortalized non-neoplastic gastric mucosal cells were transfected with GKN1 or shGKN1. We conducted molecular and functional studies of GKN1 and miR-185 and investigated the mechanisms of alteration. We also analyzed epigenetic alterations in 80 gastric cancer tissues.
Results: Restoration of GKN1 protein suppressed gastric cancer cell growth by inducing endogenous miR-185 that directly targets epigenetic effectors DNMT1 and EZH2 in gastric cancer cells. In addition, ectopic expression of GKN1 upregulated Tip60 and downregulated HDAC1 in an miR-185–independent manner, thereby inducing cell-cycle arrest by regulating cell-cycle proteins in gastric cancer cells. Notably, GKN1 expression was inversely correlated with DNMT1 and EZH2 expression in a subset of 80 gastric cancer tissues and various gastric cancer cell lines. Interestingly, it was found that GKN1 exerted a synergistic anti-cancerous effect with 5-fluorouracil on tumor cell growth, which suggests a possible therapeutic intervention method for gastric cancer.
Conclusion: Our results show that GKN1 has an miR-185–dependent and -independent mechanism for chromatic and DNA epigenetic modification, thereby regulating the cell cycle. Thus, the loss of GKN1 function contributes to malignant transformation and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells in gastric carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4599–610. ©2013 AACR.
Testing for inherited thrombophilia and consequences for antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with venous thromboembolism and their relatives
Authors: Rossi Elena , De Stefano Valerio 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe clinical penetrance of venous thromboembolism (VTE) susceptibility genes is variable, being lower in heterozygous carriers of factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A (mild thrombophilia), and higher in the rare carriers of deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C or S, and those with multiple or homozygous abnormalities (high-risk thrombophilia). The absolute risk of VTE is low, and the utility of laboratory investigation for inherited thrombophilia in patients with VTE and their asymptomatic relatives has been largely debated, leading to the production of several Guidelines from Scientific Societies and Working Groups. The risk for VTE largely depends on the family history of VTE. Therefore, indiscriminate search for carriers is of no utility, and targeted screening is potentially more fruitful. In patients with VTE inherited thrombophilia is not scored as a determinant of recurrence, playing a minor role in the decision of prolonging anticoagulation; indeed, a few guidelines consider testing worthwhile to identify carriers of high-risk thrombophilia, particularly those with a family history of VTE. The identification of the asymptomatic carrier relatives of the probands with VTE and thrombophilia could reduce cases of provoked VTE, offering them primary antithrombotic prophylaxis during risk situations. In most guidelines, this is considered justified only for relatives of probands with a deficiency of natural anticoagulants or multiple abnormalities. Counselling the asymptomatic female relatives of individuals with VTE and/or thrombophilia before pregnancy or the prescription of hormonal treatments should be administered with consideration of the risk driven by the type of thrombophilia and the family history of VTE.
Patient-reported treatment satisfaction with oral rivaroxaban versus standard therapy in the treatment of acute symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Bamber Luke , Wang Maria Y. , Prins Martin H. , Ciniglio Cathleen , Bauersachs Rupert , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Cano Stefan J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryRivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and the prevention of recurrent DVT and PE as a fixed-dose, single-drug regimen that does not require initial heparinisation, routine coagulation monitoring or dose adjustment. This study evaluated patient-reported treatment satisfaction in EINSTEIN DVT - a large, open-label, randomised study that compared rivaroxaban with enoxaparin/ vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy in patients with acute symptomatic DVT without PE. As part of EINSTEIN DVT, a total of 1,472 patients in seven countries were asked to complete a new, validated measure of treatment satisfaction - the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) - at scheduled visits throughout 12 months of treatment. ACTS scores were compared between study groups in the intentionto- treat population. Patients reported greater satisfaction in the rivaroxaban group compared with the enoxaparin/VKA group, with higher mean ACTS scores across visits. Mean ACTS Burdens scores were 55.2 vs 52.6 (p<0.0001) in favour of rivaroxaban, equivalent to a moderate effect size of 0.42. The treatment effect was consistent over time, with the mean score difference ranging from 2.18 (month 2) to 3.18 (month 12). Overall mean ACTS Benefits scores were 11.7 vs 11.5 in favour of rivaroxaban (p=0.006). This was associated with a small overall effect size of 0.12. The improvement in ACTS Benefits for rivaroxaban became apparent at month 2 and subsequent visits. Rivaroxaban results in improved treatment satisfaction compared with enoxaparin/VKA among patients with DVT, particularly in reducing patient-reported anticoagulation burden.
Acat1
Gene Ablation in Mice Increases Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Bone Marrow and Causes Leukocytosis
Authors: Huang Li-Hao , Gui Jingang , Artinger Erika , Craig Ruth , Berwin Brent L. , Ernst Patricia A. , Chang Catherine C.Y. , Chang Ta-Yuan 
Published: July 2013

Objective—
To investigate the role of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) in hematopoiesis.

Approach and Results—

ACAT1 converts cellular cholesterol to cholesteryl esters for storage in multiple cell types and is a potential drug target for human diseases. In mouse models for atherosclerosis, global
Acat1
knockout causes increased lesion size; bone marrow transplantation experiments suggest that the increased lesion size might be caused by ACAT1 deficiency in macrophages. However, bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to cells in myeloid and lymphoid lineages; these cell types affect atherosclerosis at various stages. Here, we test the hypothesis that global
Acat1

−/−

may affect hematopoiesis, rather than affecting macrophage function only, and show that
Acat1

−/−

mice contain significantly higher numbers of myeloid cells and other cells than wild-type mice. Detailed analysis of bone marrow cells demonstrated that
Acat1

−/−

causes a higher proportion of the stem cell–enriched Lin
−
Sca-1
+
c-Kit
+
population to proliferate, resulting in higher numbers of myeloid progenitor cells. In addition, we show that
Acat1

−/−

causes higher monocytosis in
Apoe

−/−

mouse during atherosclerosis development.

Conclusions—

ACAT1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis in normal mouse and in
Apoe

−/−

mouse during atherosclerosis development.