bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced engine control possibilities to react on fuel features
Authors: Škarohlíd Marcel 
Published: February 2013

SHRNUTÍ
Tematem tohoto članku je zkoumani kombinovaneho učinku změny složeni zemniho plynu a řizenim motoru pomoci změny jednoho regulačniho parametru. Za potencialni regulačni parametry jsou uvažovany uhel předstihu zažehu, nastaveni plniciho tlaku a poměr recirkulace vyfukovych plynů. Jsou zde prezentovany experimentalni a simulačni metody k posouzeni dopadu změny složeni paliva. Použivane simulačni nastroje byly kalibrovany pomoci experimentalnich dat z testovaneho motoru.
Engine control unit based on the Ni compactrio platform
Authors: Strapko Michal , Tichánek Radek 
Published: February 2013

SHRNUTÍ
Byla vyvinuta programovatelna řidici jednotka na platformě CompactRIO s programem vytvořenym v prostředi LabVIEW. Jednotka byla vyvijena jako univerzalni a byla testovana při řizeni maleho zažehoveho motoru YAMAHA YZF R6. Jednotka je dale použitelna pro zažehove motory různe koncepce, přeplňovane i nepřeplňovane. Požadavku na univerzalnost jednotky byl přizpůsoben řidici program, ktery je uspořadan ve vzajemně komunikujicich samostatnych blocich. Zařizeni je rozšiřitelne o dalši I/O moduly, což umožňuje použiti dalšich snimačů, aktuatorů nebo modulů pro komunikaci. Rozhrani pro zesileni vystupů napajejicich zapalovani a vstřikovače bylo vyvinuto pro řizeni motoru YAMAHA YZF R6. Toto zařizeni zaroveň stabilizuje napajeni snimačů motoru a filtruje jejich vystupni signaly. Članek je shrnutim procesu vyvoje řidici jednotky motoru, obsahuje přehled použitych zařizeni, seznamuje s řidicim programem a zkušenostmi z testovani na motoru.
Bering Glacier surge 2011: analysis of laser altimeter data
Authors: Herzfeld Ute C. , McDonald Brian , Stachura Maciej , Griffin Hale Robert , Chen Phillip , Trantow Thomas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Bering Glacier–Bagley Icefield system in Alaska is currently surging (2011). Large-scale elevation changes and small-scale elevation-change characteristics are investigated to understand surge progression, especially mass transport from the pre-surge reservoir area to the receiving area and propagation of the kinematic surge wave as manifested in heavy crevassing characteristic of rapid, brittle deformation. This analysis is based on airborne laser altimeter data collected over Bering Glacier in September 2011. Results include the following: (1) Maximal crevasse depth is 60 m, reached in a rift that separates two deformation domains, indicative of two different flow regimes. Otherwise surge crevasse depth reaches 20–30 m. (2) Characteristic parameters of structural provinces are derived by application of geostatistical classification. Parameters include significance and spacing of crevasses, surface roughness and crevasse-edge curvature (indicative of crevasse age). A classification based on these parameters serves to objectively discriminate structural provinces, indicative of surge progression down-glacier and up-glacier. (3) Elevation changes from 2011 and 2010 altimetry show 40–70 m surface lowering in the reservoir area in lower central Bering Glacier and 20–40m thickening near the front in Tashalich arm. Combining elevation changes with results of crevasse profilometry and pattern analysis, the rapid progression of the surge can be mathematically–physically reconstructed.
Comparative analysis of morphological, mineralogical and spectral properties of cryoconite in Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, and Canada Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Tedesco M. , Foreman C.M. , Anton J. , Steiner N. , Schwartzman T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report the results of a comparative analysis focusing on grain size, mineralogical composition and spectral reflectance values (400-2500 nm) of cryoconite samples collected from Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, and Canada Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The samples from the Greenland site were composed of small particles clumped into larger rounded agglomerates, while those from the site in Antarctica contained fragments of different sizes and shapes. Mineralogical analysis indicates that the samples from Jakobshavn Isbræ contained a higher percentage of quartz and albite, whereas those from Canada Glacier contained a higher percentage of amphibole, augite and biotite. Spectral measurements confirmed the primary role of organic material in reducing the reflectance over the measured spectrum. The reflectance of the samples from the Antarctic site remained low after the removal of organic matter because of the higher concentration of minerals with low reflectance. The reflectance of dried cryoconite samples in the visible region was relatively low (e.g. between ∼0.1 and ∼0.4) favouring increased absorbed solar radiation. Despite high reflectance values in the shortwave infrared region, the effect of the presence of cryoconite is negligible at infrared wavelengths where ice reflectance is low.
Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence - An Overview
Authors: Rahman Nusrat , Nasrin Begum , Laila Tarafder Runa , Nahar Khairun , Shamsunnahar P A , Chowdhury Saleha Begum 
Published: February 2013

The plethora of treatment modalities available for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence reflects the uncertainty in the pathophysiology of this condition and the mechanism of cure. No single treatment method is suitable for all patients. For best results, many factors must be considered before choosing the treatment method most suited to the particular patient. This review examines the various treatment options available and attempts to set out criteria for choice of treatment. The role of conservative treatment has been deliberately highlighted especially for young and well motivated women with mild to moderate urinary stress incontinence before surgical treatment is used. The role and limitations of well established surgical procedures like Burch colposuspension and urethroplasty and the most recently introduced procedures like TVT/TOT,collagen implants ,laparascopic colposuspension and the role of artificial urinary sphinter are also examined DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i1.13759 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(1) : 37-44
A Case Report: Hysterectomy in Eleventh Months Infant
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Das Bishwajit , Sofdar Gulshan , Sharkar Mrinal Kumar 
Published: February 2013

Endometrial carcinoma in an infant is a very rare condition; it typically occurs in elderly patients; approximately 88% are postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis1. Classically, Endometrial carcinoma affects the obese, nulliparous, infertile, hypertensive and diabetic white women, but usually can be occur in the absence of all these factors. Estrogens are implicated as causative factor in endometrial carcinoma because a high incidence of this disease in patients with presumed attention in oestrogen metabolism and in those who take exogenous estrogens. Polycystic ovarian disease and Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary can produce high level of oestrogens but are rare cause of hyperestrogenism and endometrial carcinoma2.Gonadal dysgenesis can also be associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma3. Embrional vaginal carcinoma are most commonly seen in very young girls. The tumour usually involves the vagina , the cervix may be affected as well, particularly in an older child. Batryoids sarcoma arises from the submucosal tissue and rapidly spread beneath an intact vaginal epithelium and bulges as polypoid growth. Three types of vaginal and cervical tumour may appear during childhood & early teens, endometrial carcinoma occur most often in young children. Carcinoma arising in a remnant of a mesonephric duct occurs more often in girls of 3 yrs of age or older4. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of nulliparous origin often associated with a history of antenatal exposure of DES ( Diethylestilbestrol ). But no clear cut evidence is detected in infant or childhood endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i1.13760 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(1) : 45-47
Effect of Different Methods of Induction on the Mode of Delivery and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Buhari Nabila Aminu , Ahmed Sumayya Lugman , Sohrabi Nastaran Redha , Ogunsola Hidayat Yetunde , Shaikh Riwana B , Sharbatti Shatha Al , Mathew Elsheba 
Published: February 2013

Objectives: To study various methods of induction of labor and their effect on mode of delivery and fetal outcome.Methods: 104 pregnant women induced in Gulf Medical College hospital from August to November 2009 were included. Mothers were observed from the start of their induction and followed up till they were discharged. The methods of induction compared were the use of prostaglandin, oxytocin, prostaglandin and oxytocin combined and artificial rupture of membranes.Results: Out of 104 pregnant women, 86 (89%) had normal vaginal delivery. Of these, 36 (41.9%) were induced with combination of prostaglandin and oxytocin, 32 (37.2%) with prostaglandin, 14 (16.2%) with oxytocin, and 4 (4.6%) with artificial rupture of membranes. 13 (12.5%) mothers delivered through caesarean section of these, 7 (53.8%) mothers were induced with prostaglandin, 3 (23%) with prostaglandin and oxytocin, 2 (15.3%) with oxytocin alone, and 1 (7.7%) with artificial rupture of membranes. Induction of labor with combination of prostaglandin and oxytocin was found to be the most effective method. Duration of labor between primigravidas and multigravidas were significantly different with primigravidas having longer duration of labor with mean time of 12.47 hours while multigravidas had 9.16 hours.Conclusion: Induction of labor with combination of prostaglandin and oxytocin was found to be the most effective method in this study with very good progressing to normal vaginal delivery. Further research is needed on a larger scale to compare other methods of labor induction on parturient to be able to recommend the most effective method of labor induction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13785 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 81-85
Maternal Risk Factors for Perinatal Mortality
Authors: Yousuf Nusrat Ara , Yousuf Ismat Ara , Talukder Noor Uddin , Kutubi Afroza , Nahar Parveen Akhter Shamsun , Hena Samsunnahar Begum 
Published: February 2013

Objective: This prospective clinical study was designed on maternal risk factors for perinatal mortality.Material and Methods: This is cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynae and Department of pediatrics Sylhet M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, during the period from 1st July 2008  30th June 2009. Here study population were all fresh & macerated stillborn & early neonatal death cases during the study period. For convenience sampling total 100 cases were studied for this study during the study period.Results: During this period 8398 deliveries were done & there were 715 perinatal deaths. In Sylhet region neonatal mortality rate is higher (53 /1000 total birth) than our national neonatal mortality rate (37/1000 total birth) (BDHS, 2007). From this study it was revealed that most important maternal risk factor for perinatal mortality was pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and obstructed labour.Conclusion: Perinatal mortality rate serves as the most sensitive index of maternal and neonatal care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13786 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 86-91
Temporary Hemiepiphysiodesis with Blount Staples and Eight-Plates in Pigs
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios D. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Dovris Dimitris , Vlasis Konstantinos , Burghart Rolf , Soucacos Panayotis N. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Herzenberg John E. 
Published: February 2013

Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is a relatively minor surgical procedure in the growing child to allow guided growth to correct angular deformities. Blount staples (Stryker Howmedica, Kiel, Germany) have been used effectively for the past 50 years for physeal stapling; their limitations are poor mechanical purchase and easy extrusion from bone, implant breakage, and potential for physeal damage and permanent closure. Recently, an alternative device to Blount staples called the eight-Plate (Orthofix, McKinney, Texas) has been presented for hemiepiphysiodesis and guided growth. Their theoretical advantages over Blount staples include higher stability, faster correction of the deformity, and fewer complications.We performed a study in a pig model to compare the rate of angular deformity correction and implant extrusion after hemiepiphysiodesis with Blount staples and eight-Plates. In all animals, medial hemiepiphysiodesis was performed in the right proximal tibia with the eight-Plate and the left proximal tibia with the Blount staple. The medial slope angle, medial tibial plateau angle, proximal implant angle, distal implant angle, and distance of the body of the implant from the medial tibial cortex were measured on radiographs of the knee joints performed every 4 weeks. The angles of correction showed statistically significantly earlier effect on physeal guided growth of the eight-Plates compared to the Blount staples. Implant displacement/extrusion was statistically significantly lower for the eight-Plate. In this animal model, eight-Plates are significantly more effective than Blount staples for guided growth after temporary hemiepiphysiodesis.
Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability in Radiographic Assessment of Degenerative Disk Disease
Authors: Zook Jason , Djurasovic Mladen , Crawford Charles , Bratcher Kelly , Glassman Steven , Carreon Leah 
Published: February 2013

Clinicians use descriptive classification systems when treating patients with low back pain as an adjunct to surgical decision making. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, including Modic changes, the presence of a high-intensity zone, and internal disk desiccation, are commonly used descriptors. The question remains whether different clinicians interpret these terms similarly. This study evaluated the inter- and intraobserver reliability of commonly used MRI classifications in patients presenting with low back pain.
Sixty-six patients who underwent lumbar spine fusion surgery at a single multiphysician spine specialty practice for degenerative disk disease were identified. For each surgical level, the following MRI variables were determined independently by 3 fellowship-trained spine surgeons: presence or absence of high-intensity zone and/or internal disk desiccation, presence and classification of disk herniation, Modic grade, and disk height. Each surgeon reviewed the same set of MRI studies a second time at least 2 weeks from the first reading. Inter- and intraobserver reliability was determined using multiobserver Kappa coefficients. Intraobserver reliability ranged from 0.563 to 0.988, with greatest agreement in determining disk height. The greatest interobserver agreement was for determining Modic changes (0.819).
Controversy remains on the criteria for diagnosing degenerative disk disease. In patients presenting with low back pain diagnosed with degenerative disk disease, the inter- and intraobserver reliability with use of several common MRI diagnostic tools was substantial. These data imply that clinicians interpret these findings in a reproducible fashion and interpret these terms similarly.
Humeral Fracture Between a Total Elbow and Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Angelini Andrea , Guerra Enrico , Rotini Roberto 
Published: February 2013

This article presents a case of a 71-year-old woman with a humeral fracture between a cementless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and a cemented total elbow arthroplasty and discusses our treatment plan. Surgical treatment was performed after the patient was informed of possible complications and the benefits of surgery including: early, complete restoration of arm anatomy, greater functional improvement of the adjacent joints, and increased risk of nonunion with nonoperative treatment.
The fracture was comminuted and extended proximally around the shoulder prosthesis. Through the posterior approach, the radial nerve was identified and protected. Both prostheses were found firmly fixed to bone. The fracture around the shoulder prosthesis was reduced first using a strut allograft and reduction clamps. Next, arm alignment restoration and distal humerus reduction were performed. The construct was neutralized with a 3.5-mm locking plate spanning the whole length of the humerus. The locking plate was positioned posterolaterally and the strut medially in a 90° to 90° configuration secured with wires and cables.
A hinged elbow brace was applied for 6 weeks postoperatively. Active range of motion exercises of the wrist and hand and passive motion of the elbow and shoulder were started at 4 to 5 days postoperatively. At 2 weeks postoperatively, passive motion of the elbow and shoulder progressed to strengthening exercises. Thereafter, the patient underwent several weeks of physical therapy to restore motion, strength, and function of the upper extremity with instructions not to overload the arm and avoid heavy work and sports for as long as 1 year. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographs of the arm showed a stable construct; the patient had resumed full activities of daily living.
Isolated U-Shaped Sacral Fracture with Cauda Equina Injury
Authors: Chen Hong-wei , Liu Guo-dong , Zhao Gang-sheng , Pan Jun 
Published: February 2013

A highly unstable and neurological injury, the isolated U-shaped sacral fracture without pre-pelvic ring fracture but combined with cauda equina injury is rare in clinics, and the treatment method remains unclear. It can occur when patients fall from a height, the lower extremities hit the ground in extreme flexion, and the sacrum is the direct touchdown point. The direct impact on the sacrum and the vertical extrusion energy through the spinal column may be the main mechanism of injury. The U-shaped sacral fracture is easily missed, and diagnosis is often delayed as it is difficult to detect on anteroposterior view pelvic radiograph due to angulation of the fracture and bowel shadow. When clinical signs suggested a possible U-shaped sacral fracture, a 2- to 3-mm cut computed tomography scan with coronal and sagittal reconstruction can provide optimal imaging to identify and evaluate the sacral fracture.
This article describes 2 patients, a 16-year-old girl and a 40-year-old man, with U-shaped sacral fractures. The patients were treated with posterior sacral laminectomy within 1 week after injury and achieved satisfactory postoperative recovery. Follow-up showed bony union with no further displacement or internal fixation failure, wound infection, delayed healing, or compression of the skin by the plate and screws. The results show that posterior vertebral plate decompression and reconstructive plate internal fixation can obtain a satisfactory outcome with minor operation trauma and few complications.
Sialoadhesin Ligand Expression Identifies a Subset of CD4+Foxp3− T Cells with a Distinct Activation and Glycosylation Profile
Authors: Kidder Dana , Richards Hannah E. , Ziltener Hermann J. , Garden Oliver A. , Crocker Paul R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Sialoadhesin (Sn) is a sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin expressed selectively on macrophage subsets. In a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Sn interacted with sialylated ligands expressed selectively on CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibited their proliferation. In this study, we examined the induction of Sn ligands (SnL) on all splenic CD4+ T cells following in vitro activation. Most CD4+ Tregs strongly upregulated SnL, whereas only a small subset of ∼20% CD4+Foxp3− T cells (effector T cells [Teffs]) upregulated SnL. SnL+ Teffs displayed higher levels of activation markers CD25 and CD69, exhibited increased proliferation, and produced higher amounts of IL-2 and IFN-γ than corresponding SnL− Teffs. Coculture of activated Teffs with Sn+ macrophages or Sn+ Chinese hamster ovary cells resulted in increased cell death, suggesting a regulatory role for Sn–SnL interactions. The key importance of α2,3-sialylation in SnL expression was demonstrated by increased binding of α2,3-linkage–specific Maackia amurensis lectin, increased expression of α2,3-sialyltransferase ST3GalVI, and loss of SnL following treatment with an α2,3-linkage–specific sialidase. The induction of SnL on activated CD4+ T cells was dependent on N-glycan rather than O-glycan biosynthesis and independent of the mucin-like molecules CD43 and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, previously implicated in Sn interactions. Induction of ligands on CD4+Foxp3− Teffs was also observed in vivo using the New Zealand Black × New Zealand White F1 murine model of spontaneous lupus and SnL levels on Teffs correlated strongly with the degree of proteinuria. Collectively, these data indicate that SnL is a novel marker of activated CD4+ Teffs that are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
Human Neonatal Naive CD4+ T Cells Have Enhanced Activation-Dependent Signaling Regulated by the MicroRNA miR-181a
Authors: Palin Amy C. , Ramachandran Vasavi , Acharya Swati , Lewis David B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Compared with older children and adults, human neonates have reduced and delayed CD4+ T cell immunity to certain pathogens, but the mechanisms for these developmental differences in immune function remain poorly understood. We investigated the hypothesis that impaired human neonatal CD4+ T cell immunity was due to reduced signaling by naive CD4+ T cells following engagement of the αβ-TCR/CD3 complex and CD28. Surprisingly, calcium flux following engagement of CD3 was significantly higher in neonatal naive CD4+ T cells from umbilical cord blood (CB) compared with naive CD4+ T cells from adult peripheral blood. Enhanced calcium flux was also observed in adult CD4+ recent thymic emigrants. Neonatal naive CD4+ T cells also had higher activation-induced Erk phosphorylation. The microRNA miR-181a, which enhances activation-induced calcium flux in murine thymocytes, was expressed at significantly higher levels in CB naive CD4+ T cells compared with adult cells. Overexpression of miR-181a in adult naive CD4+ T cells increased activation-induced calcium flux, implying that the increased miR-181a levels of CB naive CD4+ T cells contributed to their enhanced signaling. In contrast, AP-1–dependent transcription, which is downstream of Erk and required for full T cell activation, was decreased in CB naive CD4+ T cells compared with adult cells. Thus, CB naive CD4+ T cells have enhanced activation-dependent calcium flux, indicative of the retention of a thymocyte-like phenotype. Enhanced calcium signaling and Erk phosphorylation are decoupled from downstream AP-1–dependent transcription, which is reduced and likely contributes to limitations of human fetal and neonatal CD4+ T cell immunity.