bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bushing Miniaturization on the Static Friction Coefficient
Authors: Olvera-Tapia Omar , Kussul Ernst , Rodríguez-Lelis José M. , Baidyk Tatiana , Sanchez José 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
As machines become smaller, friction plays an increasingly important role in their performance. Although friction is a well-studied phenomenon, few studies have been performed on bushings and shafts with loads of a few tens of mN and dimensions of a few mm. In this work, the static friction coefficient is investigated for a miniature steel shaft rotating in bronze SAE 40 bushings. A new approach is presented to measure the static friction coefficient of a miniature bushing. The coefficient was evaluated without lubrication. It shows a linear dependence at loads higher than 152 mN and a nonlinear dependence at loads smaller than 152 mN.
First records of Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.) Les &amp; D.J.Crawford (Araceae, Lemnoideae) in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Authors: Hassemer Gustavo , Mohedano Rodrigo De Almeida , Ferreira João Paulo Ramos , Pott Vali Joana , Trevisan Rafael 
Published: February 2015

Landoltia punctata (G.Mey.) Les & D.J. Crawford is a cosmopolite duckweed species of significant economic and technological interest, which in the Americas had its southernmost occurrence recorded in Pontal do Paraná, Paraná state, southern Brazil. This work extends its distribution southwards to Santa Catarina state, representing a range extension of ca. 300 km.
Functionalized Rosette Nanotubes as Novel Electron Donor Materials for Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Shuai Liang , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan , Cho Jae-Young , Yamazaki Takeshi , Beingessner Rachel L. , Fenniri Hicham 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTwo self-assembling twin guanine-cytosine (G∧C) hybrid molecules featuring porphyrin (TPPO-(G∧C)2) and oligothiophene groups (6T-(G∧C)2) were synthesized. In organic solution, these molecules self-assemble into one-dimensional rosette nanotubes (RNTs) featuring the porphyrin or oligiothiophene groups on the outer surface. Using a combination of imaging and spectroscopic techniques we established the structure of the TPPO-(G∧C)2 and 6T-(G∧C)2 RNTs and compared the HOMO and LUMO energy levels with PC61BM, a well-known electron acceptor material. These studies, in combination with solid-state photoluminescence data of PC61BM-TPPO-(G∧C)2 RNT blended thin films, indicates that these self-assembled nanomaterials have great potential as electron donor materials for solution-processed organic photovoltaics.
Diffusion Wavelet Decomposition for Coarse-Graining of Polymer Chains
Authors: Rinderspacher B. Christopher , Bardhan Jaydeep P. , Ismail Ahmed E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHere we present an alternative approach to coarse graining, based on the multiresolution diffusion-wavelet approach to operator compression, which does not require explicit atomistic-to-coarse-grained mappings. Our diffusion-wavelet method takes as input the topology and sparsity of the molecular bonding structure of a system, and returns as output a hierarchical set of degrees of freedom (DoFs) of system-specific coarse-grained variables. Importantly, the hierarchical compression provides a clear framework for modeling at many model scales (levels), beyond the common two-level CG representation. Our results show that the resulting hierarchy separates localized modes, such as a single C-C vibrational mode, from larger-scale motions, e.g., long-range concerted backbone vibrational modes. Our approach correctly captures small-scale chemical features, such as cellulose ring structures, and alkane side chains or CH2 units, as well as large-scale features of the backbone. In particular, the new method’s finest-scale modes describe DoFs similar to united atom models and other chemically-defined CG models. Modes at coarser levels describe increasingly large connected portions of the target polymers. For polyethylene and polystyrene, spatial coordinates and their associated forces were compressed by up to two orders of magnitude. The compression in forces is of particular interest as this allows larger timesteps as well as reducing the number of DoFs.
Lithium-ion Diffusion in Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) Predicted by Phase Field Model
Authors: Guan Pengjian , Liu Lin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSolid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer plays a key role in lithium-ion batteries’ degradation research. However, SEI layer microstructure prediction still needs further investigation, especially the lithium-ion diffusion in SEI layer considering its morphology evolution during the growth of SEI. Due to the unique advantage of avoiding explicitly tracking the interfaces with sharp composition gradients, a phase field model is developed to simulate the SEI formation and its morphology evolution that is regarded as a solidification process. Fick’s law and mass balance are applied to investigate lithium-ion concentration distribution and diffusion coefficients of different SEI layers (i.e., compact and porous SEI layers) predicted by the developed phase field model. The simulation results show lithium-ion diffusion coefficients between 298K and 318K are 1.34-1.87(10-16) m2/s and 1.73-2.18(10-12) m2/s for compact SEI and porous SEI layer, respectively. The developed model has great potential to be extended to three dimensional spaces for SEI layer spatial growth investigation and other interfaces with complex morphology evolution.
Role of hydration forces in the properties of electrolyte solutions in the bulk and at interfaces
Authors: Sushko Maria L. , Rosso Kevin M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a theoretical approach for modeling electrolyte solutions at interfaces that reaches into the mesoscale while retaining molecular detail. The total Hamiltonian of the system includes interactions arising from density and charge density (ion correlation) fluctuations, direct Coulomb interactions between ions, and at interfaces the image interactions, ion-solid and ion-water dispersion interactions. The model was validated against its ability to reproduce ion activity in 1:1 and 2:1 electrolyte solutions in the 0-2 M concentration range, its ability to capture the ion-specific effect in 1:1 electrolytes at the air-water interface, and solvent structure in a confined environment between hydrophobic surfaces, revealing the central role of ion hydration interactions in specific ion thermodynamic properties in the bulk solutions and at interfaces. The model is readily extensible to treat electrolyte interactions and forces across charged solid-water interfaces.
Effects of Atmospheric Air Plasma Irradiation to Seeds of Radish Sprouts on Chlorophyll and Carotenoids Concentrations in their Leaves
Authors: Sarinont Thapanut , Amano Takaaki , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Hayashi Nobuya 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied effects of atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge plasma irradiation to seeds of radish sprouts on chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in their leaves. Plasma irradiation increases chlorophyll concentration under some irradiation conditions, whereas the irradiation has little effects on carotenoid concentration. These results show that plasma irradiation to seeds has influence on cell activities in a selective way.
Growth Mechanism of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Pt Catalysts by Alcohol Catalytic CVD
Authors: Maruyama Takahiro , Kondo Hiroki , Kozawa Akinari , Saida Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya , Iijima Sumio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSingle-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth from Pt catalysts by an alcohol gas source method, a type of cold-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD), was investigated. Raman results showed that the diameters of SWCNTs grown from Pt were below 1.2 nm, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the diameters of most Pt catalyst particles were above 1.2 nm. This suggests that SWCNT diameters were smaller than Pt catalysts particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that reduction of Pt particles occurred during the SWCNT growth. Based on these experimental data, growth mechanism of SWCNTs was discussed.
About activation energy of viscous flow of glasses and melts
Authors: Ojovan Michael I. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTData on a viscous flow model based on network defects – broken bonds termed configurons – were analysed. An universal equation has been derived for the variable activation energy of viscous flow Q(T) of the generic Frenkel equation of viscosity η(T)=A∙exp(Q/RT) which is known to have two constant asymptotes – high QH at low temperatures and low QL at high temperatures. The defect model of flow used by e.g. Doremus, Mott, Nemilov, Sanditov states that higher the concentration of defects (e.g. configurons) the lower the viscosity. We have used the configuron percolation theory (CPT) which treats glass–liquid transition as a percolation-type phase transition. Additionally the CPT results in a continuous temperature relationship for viscosity valid for both glassy and liquid amorphous materials. We show that a particular result of CPT is the universal temperature relationship for the activation energy of viscous flow: Q(T)=QL+RT∙ln[1+exp(-Sd/R) exp((QH-QL)/RT)] which depends on asymptotic energies QL (for the liquid phase) and QH (for the glassy phase), and on entropy of configurons Sd. This equation has two asymptotes, namely Q(T<<Tg) = QH, and Q(T>>Tg) = QL. Moreover we demonstrate that the equation for Q(T) practically coincides in the transition range of temperatures with known Sanditov equation.
Phase Constituent and Reverse Martensitic Transformation Temperature of PtTi-CoTi Diffusion Couple Heat-Treated at 1373K
Authors: Hosoda Hideki , Tsutsumi Satoshi , Tahara Masaki , Inamura Tomonari , Goto Kenji , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Yamabe-Mitarai Yoko 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe reverse martensitic (austenite) transformation temperatures (As) were investigated using a diffusion couple of PtTi and CoTi with a continuous compositional gradient. It was found that PtTi and CoTi form a complete solid solution of (Pt, Co)Ti at 1373K. Surface relief was formed by heating due to the austenite transformation. Judging from the formation of the surface patterns and the corresponding chemical compositions, As monotonously decreases with increasing Co content at a rate of -70K/at%Co, and As is estimated to be close to room temperature (RT) when the Co concentration is 15at%Co. Besides, micro Vickers hardness values measured at RT are minimized around 15at%Co.
Micropillar array embedded system for single cell encapsulation in hydrogel
Authors: Park Kyun Joo , Lee Kyoung G. , Seok Seunghwan , Choi Bong Gill , Lee Seok Jae , Kim Do Hyun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA cylindrical-shaped micropillar array embedded microfluidic device was proposed to enhance the dispersion of cell clusters and the efficiency of single cell encapsulation in hydrogel. Different sizes of micropillar arrays act as a sieve to break Escherichia coli (E. coli) aggregates into single cells in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) solution. We applied the external force for the continuous breakup of cell clusters, resulting in the production of more than 70% of single cells into individual hydrogel particles. This proposed strategy and device will be a useful platform to utilize genetically modified microorganisms in practical applications.
Thermal properties of pillared-graphene nanostructures
Authors: Rifu M. , Shintani K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe thermal conductivities of pillared-graphene nanostructures (PGNSs) are obtained using nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation. It is revealed their thermal conductivities are much smaller than the thermal conductivities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This fact is explained by examining the density of states (DOS) of the local phonons of PGNSs. It is also found the thermal conductivity of a PGNS linearly decreases with the increase of the inter-pillar distance.
An Algorithm for Tailoring of Nanoparticles by Double Angle Resolved Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Brodehl Christoph , Greulich-Weber Siegmund , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTNanosphere lithography (NSL) is a technique capable of creating large-area arrays of small objects with tailor-made shapes. Here we present an algorithm, which simulates the shape and morphology of nanoparticles produced via NSL in combination with physical vapor deposition from variable angles. The key idea is based on a ray-tracing technique. Mask clogging effects have a major influence on the shape of resulting nanoobjects and are therefore taken into account. In addition, we implemented a metaball concept for the precise description of thermally modified masks. The calculated results are compared exemplarily with atomic force microscopy (AFM) data of experimentally fabricated nanostructures.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole Conducting Polymer in Sheath like Nanotube Arrays Structured over TiO2 for Supercapacitor Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sidhu Navjot K. , Rastogi A.C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe vertical TiO2 nanotube arrays constituting the core of 3-D nanoscale electrode architecture were synthesized over Ti sheet by anodization. Such formed TiO2 nanotubes are electrically conducting and amorphous as confirmed by XRD studies. Nanotube morphology is affected by water content and in the present study, close-packed 3-4 μm long TiO2 nanotube arrays of 45-50 nm diameter are formed with 2% water as revealed by the transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The redox active polypyrrole sheath is created by ultra-short pulsed current electropolymerization. Electrochemical properties of the 3-D nanoscaled TiO2 nanotube core-polypyrrole sheath electrodes relevant to the energy storage were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) plots, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Charge discharge (CD) tests. High areal capacitance density of 48 mF cm-2 and low charge transfer resistance 12 Ω cm-2 with least ion diffusion limitation are realized at optimized polypyrrole sheath thickness. The Raman spectra studies reveal anion at specific chain locations involve in the redox process.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Pilaralisib (SAR245408, XL147), a Pan-Class I PI3K Inhibitor, in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Soria Jean-Charles , LoRusso Patricia , Bahleda Ratislav , Lager Joanne , Liu Li , Jiang Jason , Martini Jean-François , Macé Sandrine , Burris Howard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
This phase I study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of pilaralisib (SAR245408), an oral pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in combination with erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor.

Methods.
In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation study, patients with advanced solid tumors received pilaralisib capsules once daily (21 days per 28-day cycle; 50–600 mg) plus erlotinib tablets once daily (28 days per 28-day cycle; 100 or 150 mg). An MTD expansion cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had previously received treatment with an EGFR inhibitor was included.

Results.
Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Only one patient had an EGFR activating mutation. One dose-limiting toxicity was reported (grade 4 drug reaction or rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). MTD was pilaralisib 400 mg plus erlotinib 150 mg. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were rash (62.9%), diarrhea (42.9%), and fatigue (40.0%). Pilaralisib PK findings were consistent with previous studies, suggesting erlotinib had no effect on pilaralisib pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic analyses indicated moderate inhibition of PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and EGFR pathways. Of 27 evaluable patients, one had a partial response (3.7%) and 14 (51.9%) had stable disease. There was no association between molecular alterations of PI3K pathway components and clinical activity.

Conclusion.
Pilaralisib plus erlotinib had limited antitumor activity. Safety findings were similar to recent studies of single-agent pilaralisib or other PI3K inhibitors.
The grass family (Poaceae) in Coahuila, Mexico: Diversity and distribution
Authors: Valdés-Reyna Jesús , Villaseñor José Luis , Encina-Domínguez Juan A. , Ortiz Enrique 
Published: February 2015

We analyzed the species richness of the grass family (Poaceae) in the state of Coahuila, Mexico, evaluating data from herbarium specimens. The evaluation was made by dividing the state into a grid of 20’ × 20’ squares (latitude × longitude), the objective was to identify areas of high species diversity. The herbaria revision documented 39 species of grasses, distributed in eight subfamilies, 19 tribes, and 97 genera. The genera with the highest number of species are Muhlenbergia (32 species), Bouteloua (21), and Eragrostis (18). Seven species are endemic to Northeastern Mexico ( Bromus densus , Bouteloua eriostachya , B. johns tonii , Calamagrostis coahuilensis , Festuca coahuilana , F. valdesii , and Poa wendtii ) and, 58 species, plus one subspecies and one variety are rare. Because arid areas cover a larger portion of the state, the subfamily Chloridoideae is dominant with 125 species. The subfamily Panicoideae has a record of 87 species and is mainly present in humid regions, while the Pooideae is abundant in the mountain regions of southeast and northwest, and includes 86 species. We evaluated the species richness for each grid square and propose some of these as important areas to carry out future conservation projects.
Indications, complications, and outcome of horses undergoing repeated celiotomy within 14 days after the first colic surgery: 95 cases (2005–2013)
Authors: Dunkel Bettina , Mair Tim , Marr Celia M. , Carnwath Jordan , Bolt David M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Objective—To examine factors associated with short- and long-term prognosis for horses undergoing repeated celiotomy within 14 days after the first colic surgery.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—95 horses that had undergone 2 celiotomies within a 14-day period between 2005 and 2013 at 3 equine referral hospitals.
Procedures—Historical, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between horses that did not survive and horses that did survive to hospital discharge (short-term survival rate) and to > 3 and > 6 months after hospital discharge (long-term survival rates).
Results—Strangulating small intestinal lesions were the most common finding during the first celiotomy (60/95 [63.2%]), and persistent gastric reflux was the most common reason for the second celiotomy (56/95 [58.9%]). Reasons for a second celiotomy were not associated with survival rate. For horses that had long-term follow-up, 22 of 92 (23.9%) survived > 6 months after hospital discharge. Two of 13 horses with intestinal resections during both surgeries survived to > 6 months after hospital discharge. Compared with horses not undergoing intestinal resection, significantly fewer horses requiring resection during 1 or both surgeries survived to hospital discharge and to > 3 and > 6 months after hospital discharge. Incisional infections occurred in 68.4% (26/38) of horses that survived to hospital discharge, and 31.6% (12/38) developed incisional hernias or dehiscence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the prognosis for horses undergoing repeated celiotomy is guarded, and intestinal resection negatively affects the long-term survival rate.
Simulating transient ice-ocean Ekman transport in the Regional Arctic System Model and Community Earth System Model
Authors: Roberts Andrew , Craig Anthony , Maslowski Wieslaw , Osinski Robert , Duvivier Alice , Hughes Mimi , Nijssen Bart , Cassano John , Brunke Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis work evaluates the fidelity of the polar marine Ekman layer in the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) and Community Earth System Model (CESM) using sea-ice inertial oscillations as a proxy for ice-ocean Ekman transport. A case study is presented that demonstrates that RASM replicates inertial oscillations in close agreement with motion derived using the GPS. This result is obtained from a year-long case study pre-dating the recent decline in perennial Arctic sea ice, using RASM with sub-hourly coupling between the atmosphere, sea-ice and ocean components. To place this work in context, the RASM coupling method is applied to CESM, increasing the frequency of oceanic flux exchange from once per day in the standard CESM configuration, to every 30 min. For a single year simulation, this change causes a considerable increase in the median inertial ice speed across large areas of the Southern Ocean and parts of the Arctic sea-ice zone. The result suggests that processes associated with the passage of storms over sea ice (e.g. oceanic mixing, sea-ice deformation and surface energy exchange) are underestimated in Earth System Models that do not resolve inertial frequencies in their marine coupling cycle.
Gouverner par l'évacuation ? L'exemple des « campements illicites » en Seine-Saint-Denis
Authors: Cousin Grégoire , Legros Olivier 
Published: February 2015

Depuis quelques années déjà, les pouvoirs publics multiplient les opérations d’évacuation de « campements illicites » en France. Sans grands résultats puisque les personnes expulsées, le plus souvent des ressortissants roumains désignés à tort ou à raison comme Roms, vont généralement s’installer un peu plus loin, toujours dans l’illégalité. Dans ces conditions, à quoi sert de poursuivre les opérations d’évacuation ? Instruments de l’exécution civile ou de la police administrative au départ, les procédures d’évacuation tiennent aujourd’hui lieu de politique publique en direction des « campements illicites ». Sur le plan de la gestion territoriale, leur bilan est mitigé cependant : à court terme, les évacuations sont inefficaces puisqu’elles n’ont toujours pas dissuadé les familles expulsées de renoncer à leurs pratiques ; à plus long terme en revanche, pour peu qu’elles soient suivies d’une réaffectation ou d’une sécurisation durable des terrains squattés, les évacuations devraient inciter les familles à revoir leurs stratégies résidentielles, mais sans pour autant les contraindre forcément à quitter leurs régions d’installation.