bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic surface geometry inversion of Kimberlites in Botswana
Authors: Vatankhah Saeed , Lelièvre Peter G. , Matende Kitso , Mickus Kevin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurface geometry inversion of geophysical data has recently been introduced as an effective approach for generating surface‐based geological models. The models obtained through surface geometry inversion clearly delineate the contacts between distinct rock units, making them easily interpretable by geologists. Surface geometry inversion has shown promising preliminary results in other works, but the practical application of surface geometry inversion on real geophysical data has not been thoroughly investigated. To move towards a better understanding of the practicalities involved, we applied surface geometry inversion to a real magnetic dataset acquired over two kimberlite pipes located in north‐central Botswana. The objective was to assess the effectiveness and limitations of the surface geometry inversion approach in accurately characterizing the subsurface geometry and identifying the boundaries of the kimberlite pipes. We first perform an anomaly separation approach to isolate the magnetic anomalies associated with the kimberlite pipes. A surface geometry inversion algorithm was applied to the original and separated datasets using various initial models and other control parameters. Several tests were performed to investigate the effects that data processing, initial models, and other parameter choices have on the surface geometry inversion results. We successfully recover the geometry, extension and dip of the two kimberlite pipes. We discuss the results of our various tests and provide advice for practitioners interested in applying surface geometry inversion methods to their data. Our work indicates that surface geometry inversion can be used as a complementary approach to voxel inversion, and we propose an iterative surface geometry inversion algorithm as a possible alternative approach to voxel inversion for simple geological scenarios. This work provides valuable insights into the appropriate application of surface geometry inversion on real geophysical datasets.
Decoupled approximate qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations in attenuated transversely isotropic media
Authors: Huang Rong , Wang Zhiliang , Song Guojie , Xiang Yanjin , Zhao Lei , Chen Puchun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurate seismic models with anisotropy and attenuation characteristics are crucial to accurately imaging subsurface structures. However, the anisotropic viscoelastic equations are complex and require significant computational resources. In addition, the single‐mode waves have been sufficient for most practical exploration needs. However, separating the qP‐ and qSV‐waves in anisotropic viscoelastic wavefields is challenging. Thus, we propose a new method to approximate and efficiently separate the qP‐ and qSV‐waves in attenuated transversely isotropic media. First, we obtain the decoupled approximate phase velocities of qP‐ and qSV‐waves by a curve‐fitting method. Consequently, based on the average and maximum relative error analysis, our approximate qP‐ and qSV‐wave phase velocities are more accurate than the existing approximations. Additionally, our approximations have broader applicability, resulting in acceptable errors during their application. Second, based on the approximate qP‐ and qSV‐wave phase velocities, we derive the corresponding qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations for a complete decoupling of the qP‐ and qSV‐wave components in transversely isotropic media. Third, to combine the attenuation and anisotropy characteristics, we incorporate the Kelvin–Voigt attenuation model and obtain the decoupled qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations in attenuated transversely isotropic media. Then, we use an efficient and stable hybrid finite‐difference and pseudo‐spectral method to solve the new decoupled qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations. Finally, several numerical examples demonstrate the separability and high accuracy of the proposed qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations. We obtain a qP‐wave wavefield entirely devoid of SV‐wave artefacts. In addition, the decoupled approximate qP‐ and qSV‐wave equations are accurate and stable in heterogeneous media with different velocities and attenuation. The decoupled, approximated qP‐wave and qSV‐wave equations proposed in this paper can effectively separate the qP‐wave and qSV‐wave components, resulting in fully decoupled qP‐ and qSV‐wave wavefields in attenuated transversely isotropic media.
The Scandinavian states' staffing of the United Nations‐system
Authors: Pugh Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the Scandinavian states' staffing of middle and senior‐ranking positions within the United Nations (UN)‐system, in comparison to other members of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It is true that the Scandinavian states are overrepresented per the size of their population in both staffing categories; however, when it comes to a comparison of financial contributions to the UN regular budget, the three states are underrepresented compared to the rest of the OECD in staffing funded by that mechanism. Yet, the strong reputation of the Scandinavian states and their practitioners has still enabled them to disproportionately staff senior UN positions. To explain this, this paper utilises Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of capital, field, and habitus to explain how the three states' reputation within the UN‐system gives them an advantage in staffing senior positions.
Effects of Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations on children's access to and utilization of health services
Authors: Constantin Joanne , Wehby George L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) on children's access to and utilization of health services.Study Setting and DesignThis study employs difference‐in‐differences models comparing ACO and non‐ACO states from 2018 through 2021. Access measures are indicators for preventive and sick care sources, unmet healthcare needs, and having a personal doctor or nurse. Utilization measures are preventive and dental care, mental healthcare, specialist visits, emergency department visits, and hospital admissions.Data Sources and Analytic SampleSecondary, de‐identified data come from the 2016–2021 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample includes children with public insurance and ranges between 21,452 and 37,177 depending on the outcome.Principal FindingsMedicaid ACO implementation was associated with an increase in children's likelihood of having a personal doctor or nurse by about 4 percentage‐points concentrated among states that implemented ACOs in 2018. Medicaid ACOs were also associated with an increase in specialist care use and decline in emergency visits by about 5 percentage‐points (the latter being concentrated among states that implemented ACOs in 2020). There were no discernable or robust associations with other pediatric outcomes.ConclusionsThere is mixed evidence on the associations of Medicaid ACOs with pediatric access and utilization outcomes. Examining effects over longer periods post‐ACO implementation is important.
Frond and mesophyll traits related to photosynthetic capacity and water‐use efficiency in ferns with different life‐forms ex situ
Authors: Ivanova Larissa A. , Tretyakova Alyona S. , Savitsky Evgeniy , Yudina Polina K. , Ivanov Leonid A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLeaf traits are known as indicative of species functional properties in angiosperms. Fern fronds are little studied in this concern, especially ex situ. We studied leaf mesophyll structure, pigments and gas exchange in four fern species grown in a glasshouse—Sphaeropteris cooperi (terrestrial tree fern), Phlebodium aureum (semi‐epiphytic herbaceous), Asplenium australasicum (epiphytic shrubby) and Platycerium bifurcatum (epiphytic herbaceous). Saturated assimilation rate (Asat) decreased and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased from a terrestrial tree fern to epiphytic ferns. Asat positively correlated with chloroplast number (Nchl/A) and their surface area per leaf area (Achl/A). iWUE negatively related to Nchl/A and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio. Most differences between species were found in the mesophyll thickness (MT) and mesophyll cell volume (Vcell) with the smallest values in S. cooperi and the largest ones in P. bifurcatum. We found that photosynthetic limitations in ferns were related to the chloroplast photosynthetic activity rather than to Nchl/A or pigment content which did not differ from most angiosperms. Epiphytic ferns showed larger values of Vcell per cell and per chloroplast compared to angiosperms and tree ferns. We concluded that an increase in MT and Vcell in the studied ferns was not associated with photosynthetic performance, but was related to volumetric cytoplasm–chloroplast ratio meaningful to light absorption and the water‐storage function of fern fronds.
Acoustic features from speech as markers of depressive and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder: A prospective study
Authors: Kaczmarek‐Majer Katarzyna , Dominiak Monika , Antosik Anna Z. , Hryniewicz Olgierd , Kamińska Olga , Opara Karol , Owsiński Jan , Radziszewska Weronika , Sochacka Małgorzata , Święcicki Łukasz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionVoice features could be a sensitive marker of affective state in bipolar disorder (BD). Smartphone apps offer an excellent opportunity to collect voice data in the natural setting and become a useful tool in phase prediction in BD.Aims of the StudyWe investigate the relations between the symptoms of BD, evaluated by psychiatrists, and patients' voice characteristics. A smartphone app extracted acoustic parameters from the daily phone calls of n = 51 patients. We show how the prosodic, spectral, and voice quality features correlate with clinically assessed affective states and explore their usefulness in predicting the BD phase.MethodsA smartphone app (BDmon) was developed to collect the voice signal and extract its physical features. BD patients used the application on average for 208 days. Psychiatrists assessed the severity of BD symptoms using the Hamilton depression rating scale −17 and the Young Mania rating scale. We analyze the relations between acoustic features of speech and patients' mental states using linear generalized mixed‐effect models.ResultsThe prosodic, spectral, and voice quality parameters, are valid markers in assessing the severity of manic and depressive symptoms. The accuracy of the predictive generalized mixed‐effect model is 70.9%–71.4%. Significant differences in the effect sizes and directions are observed between female and male subgroups. The greater the severity of mania in males, the louder (β = 1.6) and higher the tone of voice (β = 0.71), more clearly (β = 1.35), and more sharply they speak (β = 0.95), and their conversations are longer (β = 1.64). For females, the observations are either exactly the opposite—the greater the severity of mania, the quieter (β = −0.27) and lower the tone of voice (β = −0.21) and less clearly (β = −0.25) they speak — or no correlations are found (length of speech). On the other hand, the greater the severity of bipolar depression in males, the quieter (β = −1.07) and less clearly they speak (β = −1.00). In females, no distinct correlations between the severity of depressive symptoms and the change in voice parameters are found.ConclusionsSpeech analysis provides physiological markers of affective symptoms in BD and acoustic features extracted from speech are effective in predicting BD phases. This could personalize monitoring and care for BD patients, helping to decide whether a specialist should be consulted.
Diagnostic and demographic factors of pediatric and adult catatonia hospitalizations: A 2016–2020 National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Luccarelli James , Kalinich Mark , Fricchione Gregory , Smith Felicia , Beach Scott R. , Smith Joshua R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveCatatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can occur in patients of any age, but it is uncertain whether patient demographics or underlying diagnoses differ between pediatric and adult patients. This study investigates patients of all ages diagnosed with catatonia during acute care hospitalizations in the United States over a 5‐year period.MethodThe National Inpatient Sample, an all‐payors database of acute care hospital discharges, was queried for patients with a discharge diagnosis of catatonia between 2016 and 2020 with patients stratified by age as pediatric (≤18 years) or adult (>18 years).ResultsAmong 174,776,205 hospitalizations recorded in the NIS from 2016 to 2020, 61,990 (95% CI: 60,257 to 63,723; 0.035%) involved a diagnosis of catatonia. Of these, 3255 were for pediatric patients and 58,735 were for adult patients. Compared with adult patients, pediatric catatonia patients were more likely to be male and non‐White. Diagnostically, psychotic disorders, encephalitis, and neurodevelopmental disorders were more common primary discharge diagnoses in pediatric patients, while adult patients more frequently were diagnosed with mood disorders. Length of stay was not significantly different between pediatric and adult catatonia hospitalizations. Physical restraints were commonly applied for patients with catatonia.ConclusionPediatric and adult catatonia patients differed in sex, race, and diagnosis, although hospital length of stay was not different between pediatric and adult catatonia hospitalizations. These results may inform catatonia diagnosis in the hospital setting and point to disparities that could be targets of quality improvement efforts.
Trends and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with stimulant‐related disorder diagnosis
Authors: Pippard Nicole S. , Bandoli Gretchen , Baer Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsStimulant‐related disorders (SRD), or the continued misuse of illicit or prescribed stimulants, during pregnancy can have adverse health effects for mothers and infants. This study aimed to measure prevalence and trends of SRD diagnosis in pregnancy, and associations between SRD diagnosis and adverse maternal and infant health outcomes, among pregnant individuals in California.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCalifornia, USA.ParticipantsPregnant individuals from the Study of Outcomes in Mothers and Infants (SOMI) with singleton live births between 2012 and 2020 (n = 3 740 079).MeasurementsSRD diagnosis (excluding cocaine) and maternal (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension [gHTN], severe maternal morbidity [SMM]) and infant (very preterm birth [gestational age <32 weeks], preterm birth [gestational age 32–37 weeks], neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission, small for gestational age [SGA]) outcomes were classified using International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes and vital statistics. Risk ratios were estimated with modified Poisson log linear regression that accounted for sibling pregnancies. Covariates included maternal sociodemographic characteristics, mental and physical health problems, nicotine use and co‐occurrence of other diagnosed substance use disorders. Bias analyses were conducted to address unmeasured confounding and exposure misclassification.FindingsSRD diagnosis among pregnant individuals increased from 2012 to 2020 (554 to 748 per 100 000 births). SRD diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of SMM (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2–2.5), gHTN (aRR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.7–1.9), very preterm birth (aRR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.0–2.5), preterm birth (aRR = 2.1, 95% CI = 2.1–2.2) and NICU admission (aRR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.9–2.0), and a decreased risk of gestational diabetes (aRR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.8–0.9). SRD diagnosis was not associated with infants born SGA. Findings were generally robust to unmeasured confounding and misclassification of diagnosis.ConclusionsStimulant‐related disorder diagnosis during pregnancy appears to be associated with an increased risk for select adverse maternal and infant health outcomes including severe maternal morbidity, gestational hypertension, very preterm birth, preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
A cross‐cultural study on countries' environmental performance: The influence of religion
Authors: Di Pillo Francesca , Rossi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough numerous scientific studies have extensively analyzed religion's impact on environmental performance at the firm level, the literature on environmental effects at a country level is relatively poor. This paper aims to fill this gap by studying how the dimensions of national culture, including religion, impact a country's sustainability performance in 96 countries. We apply Geert Hofstede's cross‐cultural dimensions and evaluate countries' sustainability performance using the EPI indicator, which provides a comprehensive environmental overview, including indicators such as climate change, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality. Additionally, to provide a more comprehensive framework for the sustainability performance of countries, we conducted a comparative analysis using the SDG index scores encompassing 1056 country‐year observations. Our findings suggest that the impact on a country's environmental performance varies according to the cultural dimension, mainly, the Christian religion positively influences national sustainability performance.
Predictors of successful expectant and medical management of miscarriage: A systematic review
Authors: Murugesu Sughashini , Braun Emily , Saso Srdjan , Bourne Tom 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction15.3% of pregnancies result in miscarriage, management options include expectant, medical, or surgical. However, each patient has a range of variables, which makes navigating the available literature challenging when supporting individual patient decision‐making. This systematic review aims to investigate whether there are any specific predictors for miscarriage management outcome.Material and MethodsThe following databases were searched, from the start of each database up to April 2023: PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies interrogating defined predictors for expectant or medical management of miscarriage success. Exclusion criteria were poor quality, review articles, trial protocols, and congress abstracts. Data collection was carried as per PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment for each study was assessed using the QUIPS proforma.ResultsRelevant predictors include demographics, ultrasound features, presenting symptoms, and biochemical markers. Across the 24 studies there is heterogeneity in miscarriage definition, predictors reported, and management outcomes used. Associations with certain variables and miscarriage management outcomes are described. Ten studies assessed the impact of miscarriage type on expectant and/or medical management. The majority found that a diagnosis of incomplete miscarriage had a higher success rate following expectant or medical management compared to missed miscarriage or anembryonic pregnancy.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is evidence supporting the possibility to offer personalized miscarriage management advice with case specific predictors. Further larger studies with consistent definitions of predictors, management, and outcomes are needed in order to better support women through the decision‐making of miscarriage management.
Editorial: Tracking the course of Wilson's disease: Authors' reply
Authors: Burghart Lukas , Reiberger Thomas , Staettermayer Albert Friedrich 
Published: August 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Burghart et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18060 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18153
Principles for delivering transformative co‐design methodologies with multiple stakeholders for achieving nature recovery in England
Authors: Barkley Lucy , Chivers Charlotte‐Anne , Short Chris , Bloxham Hannah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAchieving successful multi‐stakeholder collaboration for sustainable outcomes is complex. This paper provides key principles for future co‐design projects aimed at fostering an inclusive approach to research. These have been developed based on a novel methodology that co‐designed the essential components of a long‐term, collaborative agreement for a nature recovery scheme in England. Using an assortment of iterative, deliberative participatory methods, this research engaged a wide variety of stakeholders to produce a template agreement for an agri‐environmental policy. We demonstrate that a flexible, highly reflective approach resulted in positive engagement with previously marginalised stakeholders. The approach also successfully navigated the unequal power dynamics seen both within and between groups. Finally, multiple feedback loops allowed participants to continually build on previous interactions as they developed and reviewed the agreement. By drawing out the complexities of the co‐design process, this paper explains how co‐design efforts can produce potentially transformative outputs. We hope that the principles introduced here offer a useful starting point for those planning to undertake multi‐stakeholder co‐design.
Increases in sense of purpose predict future positive changes in personality traits
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationship between the Big Five personality traits and sense of purpose over a 13‐year period using a nationally representative sample of American adults (N = 11,010). The random intercept cross‐lagged panel model revealed unidirectional effects: increases in sense of purpose predicted subsequent increases in openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion, as well as decreases in neuroticism. Conversely, changes in personality traits did not predict future changes in sense of purpose. One potential mechanism underlying this effect might involve the link between sense of purpose and optimal self‐regulatory processes and outcomes, such as successful planning, goal‐directed behaviour, and self‐control, which promote gradual positive changes in personality traits. Another plausible mechanism may be the association between purpose and improved subjective well‐being and reduced psychological distress, which have been found to predict positive changes in personality traits. These findings challenge previous research that has interpreted cross‐sectional associations as evidence that personality traits are predictive of purpose, rather than the other way around. The findings that intentionally cultivating a strong sense of purpose may facilitate positive personality change in adulthood.