bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Participation in, and Awareness about, Medical Research Opportunities in the Era of Clinical and Translational Research
Authors: Davis Matthew M. , Clark Sarah J. , Butchart Amy T. , Singer Dianne C. , Shanley Thomas P. , Gipson Debbie S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContextIn the United States, levels of public participation in medical research in the era of Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) are unknown.MethodsIn 2011, a household survey was administered to a sample of U.S. adults, asking whether they (and children <18 years old) had participated, or were aware of opportunities to participate, in medical research. Respondents living within 100 miles of CTSA sites were identified. Regression analyses of participation and awareness (PA) were performed, applying sampling weights to permit nationally representative inferences.ResultsOverall, 2,150 individuals responded (completion rate = 60%); 65% of adults and 63% of families with children resided within 100 miles of ≥1 CTSA location. Research participation rates were 11% among adults and 5% among children. Among nonparticipants, awareness rates were 64% among adults and 12% among parents of children. PA among adults was associated with higher income and education, older age, presence of chronic conditions, and living within 100 miles of four specific CTSA locations. For children, PA was associated with higher household income and parents’ chronic health conditions.ConclusionsPA of medical research opportunities is substantially higher for adults than children. Higher PA levels near specific CTSAs merit investigation to identify their successful approaches.
Nurse Engagement and Contributions to the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Initiative
Authors: Sampselle Carolyn M. , Knafl Kathleen A. , Jacob Jacqueline Dunbar , McCloskey Donna Jo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCTSAs are mandated to follow a multidisciplinary model. Requests for applications direct responsive applications to “integrate clinical and translational science across multiple departments, schools,” listing disciplines in addition to medicine such as engineering, nursing, and public health. This inventory of nurse engagement in CTSAs describes the extent of nursing's CTSA engagement from the perspective of participating nurse scientists within individual CTSAs, including institutional/national contributions and best practices that foster a multidisciplinary model. Of the 50 CTSAs affiliated with a nursing school, 44 responded (88% response rate). Of the ten CTSAs not affiliated with a nursing school, four responded (40% response rate). Overall funding success rates of nurse applicants are: TL1 fellowships 81%, KL2 fellowships 54%, and nurse‐led pilots 58%. At most CTSAs nursing is contributing to the accomplishment of the CTSA mandate. The strongest categories of contribution are community engagement, implementation science, and training. Best practices to enhance multidisciplinary collaboration are: (1) inclusion of multiple disciplines on key committees who meet regularly to guide individual core and overall CTSA strategic planning and implementation; (2) required multidisciplinary co‐mentors (ideally from different schools within the CTSA) on training grants and as co‐investigators on pilot projects; and (3) documentation of multidisciplinary activity in annual reports.
Environmental Mis‐Assessment, Development and Mining in Orissa, India
Authors: Bedi Heather P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTEnvironmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are the pre‐project standard for outlining potential environmental and social risks related to large‐scale mining. Incomplete or disingenuous EIAs mask the potential social, environmental and economic impacts of large projects. To examine the possible misrepresentation of project risks, this article analyses a set of EIAs for the proposed Niyamgiri mine and related Lanjigarh refinery and refinery expansion in Orissa, India. In contrast to their promises of development benefits, it is argued that the project assessments fail to acknowledge the substantial social impacts for project‐affected persons as some face displacement, livelihood change, marginalization and a loss of natural resources. The issues raised here are not unique to these cases, but are representative of a flawed system in which environmental clearance is granted for projects with misleading or mis‐assessed EIAs. This article questions the validation of ‘development’ projects via EIAs which do not thoroughly estimate the social risks and costs of projects.
Enclosing Ethnic Minorities and Forests in the Golden Economic Quadrangle
Authors: Sturgeon Janet C. , Menzies Nicholas K. , Fujita Lagerqvist Yayoi , Thomas David , Ekasingh Benchaphun , Lebel Louis , Phanvilay Khamla , Thongmanivong Sithong 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTEthnic minority farmers in the infamous Golden Triangle were first incorporated into the nation states of China, Laos and Thailand, and later into the economic region called the Golden Economic Quadrangle. This article traces policies in each country for minorities, development and the environment, followed by an analysis of agrarian transitions under economic regionalization. Using the framework of powers of exclusion and racialization, our findings show the changes for ethnic minorities who, with the exception of those in the lowlands, face environmental enclosures that dispossess them from lands on which livelihoods are based. Ideological legacies from the Golden Triangle, including ‘backward’ minorities, the fight against drugs, and threats to national security, continue to inform policies and development projects. While some farmers have become entrepreneurs planting cash crops, most face increasing marginalization under deepening regional capitalism.
Attitudes towards the use of mouth and face guards in Swedish ice hockey: part 2. Results
Authors: Glendor Ulf 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground/AimThe yearly cost of sports injuries, which affects Swedish society, is estimated to 3 billion SEK (460 million USD). Injuries in ice hockey represent at least 270 million SEK (42 million USD). Despite the high number of injuries, mouth and face guards are rarely used in Swedish ice hockey. The major aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of mouth and face guards in two ice hockey clubs in Sweden (one elite and one division 3 club). A second purpose was to determine why some players use mouth and face guards, while others do not. A third goal was to present a material that ice hockey clubs could use for further discussions.Materials and methodA phenomenographic analysis of focus groups interviews.ResultsThe phenomenographic analysis of the data resulted in 12 categories. Within each category, issues, activities and engagement of the participants were described. Further, similarities and differences in the discussions between the elite club and the division 3 club were described. The following categories were found to engage the participants the most: ‘Ice hockey is a high‐velocity collision sport in which injuries are expected’, ‘Attitudes towards personal protection guards’ and ‘Suggested measures’.ConclusionsThe participants were aware of the risk of playing ice hockey, but they know little about the consequences of a dental injury. Although ice hockey players wish to protect themselves, they refuse to accept just any mouth or face guard. Through the discussions about reducing dental and jaw injuries by routine use of protection devices, many reform proposals were presented that could be useful in future discussions.
N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors, learning and memory: chronic intraventricular infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist d‐AP5 interacts directly with the neural mechanisms of spatial learning
Authors: Morris R. G. M. , Steele R. J. , Bell J. E. , Martin S. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree experiments were conducted to contrast the hypothesis that hippocampal N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors participate directly in the mechanisms of hippocampus‐dependent learning with an alternative view that apparent impairments of learning induced by NMDA receptor antagonists arise because of drug‐induced neuropathological and/or sensorimotor disturbances. In Experiment 1, rats given a chronic i.c.v. infusion of d‐AP5 (30 mm) at 0.5 μL/h were selectively impaired, relative to aCSF‐infused animals, in place but not cued navigation learning when they were trained during the 14‐day drug infusion period, but were unimpaired on both tasks if trained 11 days after the minipumps were exhausted. d‐AP5 caused sensorimotor disturbances in the spatial task, but these gradually worsened as the animals failed to learn. Histological assessment of potential neuropathological changes revealed no abnormalities in d‐AP5‐treated rats whether killed during or after chronic drug infusion. In Experiment 2, a deficit in spatial learning was also apparent in d‐AP5‐treated rats trained on a spatial reference memory task involving two identical but visible platforms, a task chosen and shown to minimise sensorimotor disturbances. HPLC was used to identify the presence of d‐AP5 in selected brain areas. In Experiment 3, rats treated with d‐AP5 showed a delay‐dependent deficit in spatial memory in the delayed matching‐to‐place protocol for the water maze. These data are discussed with respect to the learning mechanism and sensorimotor accounts of the impact of NMDA receptor antagonists on brain function. We argue that NMDA receptor mechanisms participate directly in spatial learning.
The Relationships between Behavioural Categories and Social Influences in the Gregarious Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
Authors: Kilgour R. Julia , Brigham R. Mark 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBehavioural plasticity is a critical component of natural selection leading to evolution. However, a surge of studies in the last two decades has discovered a distinct limit to behavioural plasticity, commonly referred to as behaviour types and behavioural syndromes. We set out to understand the relationships across behavioural categories in wild‐caught adult, female big brown bats and how they compare between social and solitary behaviours. Using bats sampled from four different maternity colonies, we ran a series of behavioural assays to create a behavioural profile for each individual. The behavioural profile encompassed exploratory, learning, competitive and aggressive categories. We found that Big brown bats exhibit a mean profile relatively unique to other well‐documented species, where aggression was linked to increased competitive ability but not to boldness. Our results indicate that the solitary and socially directed behaviours of individuals are not necessarily related and that behaviours pertaining to social interactions are linked most closely to learning abilities. Furthermore, we found evidence that poor body condition may be a predictor of increased social interactions and that behaviours exhibited in the presence of conspecifics are unrelated to those exhibited in solitude. These findings indicate importance of social affiliations on individual behaviours in this species and their uniqueness relative to other well‐studied taxa.
The Outcome of a Previous Social Interaction with a Same‐sex Conspecific Affects the Behavior of Meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Vlautin Christian T. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn species where conspecifics compete for resources such as territories, remembering where a neighbor was previously encountered and the outcome of that interaction may give individuals advantages over nearby conspecifics. We used a two‐phase experiment to test the hypothesis that female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, who during the breeding season are territorial and agonistic toward one another, can use details of an encounter with another female in one location to later navigate nearby areas. During the encounter phase, pairs of females interacted for two minutes in one isolated section of a Y‐maze; control females were placed in alone. Females were scored as either winners or losers. Winners displayed twice as many agonistic acts against their opponent. The test phase took place after a retention interval of one hour, 1 d, or 1 wk. Single females were returned to a clean and empty Y‐maze and allowed to explore the entire apparatus for 15 min. We recorded the amount of time spent in each section of the maze. After retention intervals of one hour and 7 d winners, losers, and controls spent similar amounts of time in each section. However, after 24 h, winners spent more time in the encounter section; losers and control females spent similar amounts of time in each section. The results suggest that meadow voles' memory of the details of a single encounter is influenced by the emotional valence attached to that event. The duration of memory may be associated with the establishment of territories by female meadow voles.
Impact of recipient age and preoperative fasting blood glucose level as the risk factors of living donor liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients in the recent comprehensive era with knowledge of indications: Recent status in a Japanese single center
Authors: Ishigami Masatoshi , Onishi Yasuharu , Kamei Hideya , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Katano Yoshiaki , Itoh Akihiro , Hirooka Yoshiki , Goto Hidemi 
Published: January 2013

AimRecently, knowledge for indications of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been robustly accumulated in. For further improvement, risks should be reexamined in recent cases. In this study, we investigated preoperative risk factors in cirrhotic patients who underwent LDLT in recent era.MethodsSeventy‐four cirrhotic patients who underwent LDLT at our institution between 2003 and 2011 were included. Recipient and donor age and sex, existence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), preoperative Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, hemoglobin A1c, graft : recipient weight ratio, ABO compatibility and choice of calcineurin inhibitor were analyzed. A proportional hazard model was applied and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, recipient age (hazard ratio = 1.188, P = 0.011) and FBG (hazard ratio = 1.009, P = 0.016) showed as significant independent factors. Theoretical mortalities were 9.2%, 21.9% and 51.7% in patients with normal FBG at 55, 60 and 65 years old, respectively, and 34.3% and 53.6% in patients with FBG of 150 and 200 mg/dL, respectively, at 60 years old.ConclusionRecipient age and FBG remain important risk factors for LDLT in cirrhotic patients even in the recent era. These factors should be considered for selecting liver transplant candidates in cirrhotic patients.
Effects of US citizenship on wages of Asian immigrant women
Authors: Zhou Huiquan , Lee Sungkyu 
Published: January 2013

The article presents a cross‐sectional study on the effects of US citizenship on wages of Asian immigrant women. The findings show that US citizenship positively moderated the relationship between sample characteristics and wages. Higher education (university and graduate school) significantly boosts the wage level of Asian immigrant women who have US citizenship. However, such positive influence does not exist for Asian immigrant women without US citizenship. This finding suggests that Asian immigrant women without US citizenship still face a glass ceiling.Key Practitioner Message: ● Educate immigrants about the importance of and potential benefits associated with citizenship.
Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy compared with open and laparoscopic approaches: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moran Patrick S , O'Neill Michelle , Teljeur Conor , Flattery Martin , Murphy Linda A , Smyth Gordon , Ryan Máirín 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMedline and Embase were searched for studies comparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with open prostatectomy and conventional laparoscopic prostatectomy. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate a pooled estimate of effect. The 95% prediction intervals are also reported. One randomized study and 50 observational studies were identified. The results show that compared with open surgery, robot‐assisted surgery is associated with fewer positive surgical margins for pT2 tumors (relative risk 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.81, P < 0.001) and improved outcomes for sexual function at 12 months (relative risk 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.33–1.93, P = <0.001), and, to a lesser extent, urinary function at 12 months (relative risk 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.11, P < 0.01). Compared with conventional laparoscopic prostatectomy, robot‐assisted surgery is associated with a slight increase in urinary function at 12 months (relative risk 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.17, P = 0.013). The overall methodological quality of the included studies was low, with high levels of heterogeneity. The use of prediction intervals as an aid to decision making in regard to the introduction of this technology is examined. Clinically significant improvements in positive surgical margins rates for pT2 tumors and sexual function at 12 months associated with robot‐assisted surgery in comparison with open surgery should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the evidence. Differences between robot‐assisted and conventional laparoscopic surgery are minimal.
Channel belt architecture formed by a meandering river
Authors: van de Lageweg Wietse I. , van Dijk Wout M. , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStratification in channel belts is the key to reconstructing formative channel dimensions and palaeoflow conditions; this requires an understanding of the relation between river morphodynamics and set thickness. So far, theories for reconstruction of the original morphology from preserved stratification have not been tested for meandering river channels due to the lack of detailed bathymetry. This paper reports the results of an experiment that reproduced a dynamic meandering gravel‐bed river with the objectives to: (i) test the prediction of set thickness as a function of the morphology formed by a meandering river channel; and (ii) explore and explain spatial and temporal set thickness variations in the resulting channel belt. High‐resolution measurements of time‐dependent surface elevation were used to quantitatively relate the preserved stratification to the meandering river morphology. Mean set thickness agrees well with the theoretical prediction from channel morphology. The mean preserved set thickness was 30% of the mean channel depth. Due to the absence of aggradation during the experiment, this provides a lower limit for the preserved mean set thickness which is also to be expected for aggrading systems, because reworking is some orders of magnitude faster than aggradation. Furthermore, the time required to mature a channel belt and its set thickness distribution was about the same as the time required to develop and propagate bends that fill the channel belt surface. Finally, there was much systematic spatial variation in set thickness related to repetitive point bar growth and chute cut‐off. Undisturbed and thick sets occurred close to channel belt margins and more irregular stratification with stacked thinner sets was observed in the centre of the channel belt.
Assessing the Replacement of Electrical Home Appliances for the Environment
Authors: Tasaki Tomohiro , Motoshita Masaharu , Uchida Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yasufumi 
Published: January 2013

SummaryTo evaluate whether replacing an existing product with a new, more energy‐efficient product is environmentally preferable, we used an assessment approach based on life cycle assessment. With this approach, consumers can assess various replacement products, including products of different sizes or environmental performance in addition to consideration of various conditions of product use. The approach utilizes a diagram in which replacement conditions of products are compared with iso‐environmental‐load lines to determine the appropriateness of replacement. The approach also allows the assessment of energy and resource consumption and environmental impacts not only during the use stage, but also at other product stages. Iso‐environmental‐load lines to assess delayed replacement were also examined and derived. We then applied the approach in a case study of energy consumption by replacing three types of electric home appliances in Japan: TVs, air conditioners, and refrigerators. The results of assessment showed that replacing refrigerators after 8–10 years of use was preferable even if the replacement product was larger. The appropriateness of replacing TVs and air conditioners based on energy consumption depended on the replacement product and on the duration of daily use, and in several cases, delayed replacement was preferable. Replacement of air conditioners after 8–10 years of use was not preferable if the consumer already owned the most energy‐efficient product at the time of the purchase. The necessity of accounting for a variety of available replacement products was confirmed.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Postpartum Care Practices of Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Ko Jean Y. , Dietz Patricia M. , Conrey Elizabeth J. , Rodgers Loren , Shellhaas Cynthia , Farr Sherry L. , Robbins Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2013

Introduction: Postpartum screening for glucose intolerance among women with recent histories of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important for identifying women with continued glucose intolerance after birth, yet screening rates are suboptimal. In a thorough review of the literature, we found no studies of screening practices among certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs). The objectives of our study were to estimate the prevalence of postpartum screening for abnormal glucose tolerance and related care by CNMs for women with recent histories of GDM and to identify strategies for improvement.Methods: From October through December 2010, the Ohio Department of Health sent a survey by mail and Internet to all licensed CNMs practicing in Ohio. We calculated prevalence estimates for knowledge, attitudes, clinical practices, and behaviors related to postpartum diabetes screening. Chi‐square statistics were used to assess differences in self‐reported clinical behaviors by frequency of postpartum screening.Results: Of the 146 CNMs who provided postpartum care and responded to the survey (62.2% response rate), 50.4% reported screening women with GDM‐affected pregnancies for abnormal glucose tolerance at the postpartum visit. Of CNMs who screened postpartum, only 48.4% used fasting blood sugar or the 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test. Although 86.2% of all responding CNMs reported that they inform women with recent histories of GDM of their increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, only 63.1% counseled these women to exercise regularly and 23.3% reported referring overweight/obese women to a diet support group or other nutrition counseling. CNMs reported that identification of community resources for lifestyle interventions and additional training in postpartum screening guidelines may help to improve postpartum care.Discussion: CNMs in Ohio reported suboptimal levels of postpartum diabetes testing and use of a recommended postpartum test. Providing CNMs with additional training and identifying community resources to support needed lifestyle behavior change may improve care for women with recent GDM‐affected pregnancies.