bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Role of Planetary-Scale Waves in the Abrupt Seasonal Transition of the Northern Hemisphere General Circulation
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The role of planetary-scale waves in the abrupt seasonal transition of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) general circulation is studied. In reanalysis data, the winter-to-summer transition involves the growth of planetary-scale wave latent heat and momentum transports in the region of monsoons and anticyclones that dominate over the zonal-mean transport beginning in midspring. The wave-dominated regime coincides with an abrupt northward expansion of the cross-equatorial circulation and reversal of the trade winds. In the upper troposphere, the transition coincides with the growth of cross-equatorial planetary-scale wave momentum transport and a poleward shift of subplanetary-scale wave transport and jet stream.
The dynamics of the seasonal transition are captured by idealized aquaplanet model simulations with a prescribed subtropical planetary-scale wave sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation. The SST perturbation generates subtropical planetary-scale wave streamfunction variance and transport in the lower and upper troposphere consistent with quasigeostrophic theory. Beyond a threshold SST, a transition of the zonal-mean circulation occurs, which coincides with a localized reversal of absolute vorticity in the NH tropical upper troposphere. The transition is abrupt in the lower troposphere because of the quadratic dependence of the wave transport on the SST perturbation and involves seasonal-time-scale feedbacks between the wave and zonal-mean flow in the upper troposphere, including cross-equatorial wave propagation. The zonal-mean vertical and meridional flows associated with the circulation response are in balance with the planetary-scale wave momentum and latent heat meridional flux divergences. The results highlight the leading-order role of monsoon–anticyclone transport in the seasonal transition, including its impact on the meridional extent of the Hadley and Ferrel cells. They can also be used to explain why the transition is less abrupt in the Southern Hemisphere.
Cirrus, Transport, and Mixing in the Tropical Upper Troposphere
Authors: Dinh Tra , Fueglistaler Stephan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The impact of cloud radiative heating on transport time scales from the tropical upper troposphere to the stratosphere is studied in two-dimensional numerical simulations. Clouds are idealized as sources of radiative heating and are stochastically distributed in space and time. A spatial probability function constrains clouds to occur in only part of the domain to depict heterogeneously distributed clouds in the atmosphere.
The transport time from the lower to upper boundaries (age of air) is evaluated with trajectories. The spectra of age of air obtained in the simulations are bimodal, with the first mode composed of trajectories that remain in the cloudy part of the domain during their passages from the lower to upper boundaries, and the second mode composed of the remaining trajectories that visit the cloud-free regions. For the first group of trajectories only, the mean age scales inversely with the time-mean radiative heating in cloudy air, and the one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation provides an adequate model for transport.
However, the exchange between the cloudy and cloud-free regions renders the mean age over all trajectories (including those that visit the cloud-free region) much longer than the time expected if all air parcels remain in cloudy air. In addition, the overall mean age is not inversely proportional to the time-mean heating rate in cloudy air. Sensitivity calculations further show that the sizes, durations, and amplitudes of the individual clouds are also important to the transport time.
The results show that the frequently used decomposition of radiative heating into clear-sky and cloud radiative heating may give incorrect interpretations regarding the time scale of transport into the stratosphere.
Patterns of service utilisation in psychosis: Findings of the 2010 Australian National Survey of Psychosis
Authors: Raudino Alessandra , Carr Vaughan J , Bush Robert , Saw Suzy , Burgess Philip , Morgan Vera A 
Published: November 2013

Objective: This paper reports patterns of health service utilisation in the second Australian national survey of psychosis corresponding with changes in available services of this period. Method: Semi-structured interviews were carried out of an age-stratified random sample of adults who screened positive for psychosis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of service use for a sample of 1825 individuals. Results: Use of psychiatric inpatient services was associated with higher symptom levels, suicidal ideation, poor social functioning and younger age. High users of emergency mental health services similarly reported higher symptom levels, poor functioning and younger age, and also reported being married or in a de facto relationship. Recipients of general practitioner services had greater anxiety symptoms and suicidal thoughts, fewer negative symptoms, single marital status and English as their first language. Rehabilitation service use was associated with greater anxiety symptoms, unemployment, younger age of illness onset, living alone and having no dependent children living at home. Last, outpatient/community services were more frequently used by younger people with good premorbid adjustment, hallucinations and a less severe course of illness. Conclusions: Service utilisation patterns vary with the clinical and socio-demographic features of those who use them – inpatient and emergency service users being similar in such features and differing from users of other services. Comparison with the first national survey of psychosis revealed a significant decline in acute inpatient service use and a substantial increase in the use of outpatient/community and rehabilitation services over the past 10 years.
Embodying sexualisation: When theory meets practice in intergenerational feminist activism
Authors: Edell Dana , Brown Lyn Mikel , Tolman Deborah 
Published: November 2013

This interchange explores the role of girl (ages thirteen to twenty-two) activism in the USA organisation SPARK (Sexualization Protest: Action, Resistance, Knowledge). Some of the many initiatives and programmes SPARK has enacted with girls, including online forums, blog spaces, marches, and summits directly address recent calls to attend to the complexity in understanding and resisting ‘sexualisation’ with teen girls. Several of the girls’ media appearances are explored in detail to illustrate the dynamics of girls’ agency and resistance that emerge in their embodied engagements with ‘sexualisation’.
Inhibition of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase attenuates lung-kidney crosstalk induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation in rats
Authors: Khin Hnin Si May , Mitaka Chieko , Tulafu Miniwan , Abe Shinya , Kitagawa Masanobu , Ikeda Satoshi , Eishi Yoshinobu , Kurata Shunichi , Tomita Makoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of lung injury that frequently occurs during pneumonia and sepsis. Lung inflammation in ARDS patients may have deleterious effects on remote organs such as the kidney. The nuclear enzyme poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enhances the nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent transcription of inflammatory cytokines. This study was conducted to elucidate two questions: first, whether the activation of PARP and NF-κB mediates the renal inflammation secondary to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung inflammation; second, whether a PARP inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), attenuates lung and kidney inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized, ventilated, and divided into three groups; a control group (n = 8); an LPS group (n = 12) intratracheally instilled with LPS (16 mg/kg), and an LPS + 3-AB group (n = 12) given the same dose of LPS by the same method followed by an intravenous injection of 3-AB (20 mg/kg). Hemodynamics, arterial blood gas, and the plasma levels of lactate, creatinine and potassium were measured at 0,1,2,3, and 4 h after treatment. The lung wet/dry ratio was measured at 4 h. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the lung and kidney were measured by TaqMan real-time PCR. PARP and NF-κB in the lung and kidney were histologically examined by immunostaining and assigned expression scores.ResultsLPS induced metabolic acidosis, hypotension, hypoxemia, increased the lung wet/dry ratio, increased the plasma levels of creatinine and potassium, and increased the cytokine mRNA expressions in the lung and kidney. All of these effects were associated with strong expression of PARP and NF-κB. Treatment with 3-AB prevented the LPS-induced metabolic acidosis and hypotension, reduced the plasma levels of lactate, creatinine and potassium, reduced the cytokine mRNA expressions, reduced the expression of PARP and NF-κB, improved pulmonary edema and oxygenation and preserved renal function.ConclusionsThe PARP inhibition attenuated lung-kidney crosstalk induced by intratracheal LPS instillation, partly via an inhibition of NF-κB dependent proinflammatory cytokines.
Post-stress left ventricular ejection fraction drop in patients with diabetes: a gated myocardial perfusion imaging study
Authors: Ferro Adele , Petretta Mario , Acampa Wanda , Fiumara Giovanni , Daniele Stefania , Petretta Maria Piera , Cantoni Valeria , Cuocolo Alberto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the relevance of stress-induced decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with type-2 diabetes.

Methods
A total of 684 diabetic patients with available rest and post-stress gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) data were enrolled. An automated algorithm was used to determine the perfusion scores using a 17-segment model. LVEF drop was considered significant if the post-stress LVEF was ≥5% below the rest value. Follow-up data were available in 587 patients that were followed for the occurrence of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina requiring revascularization.

Results
A post-stress LVEF drop ≥5% was observed in 167 (24%) patients. Patients with LVEF drop had higher summed stress score (p < 0.05), summed difference score (p < 0.001), and rest LVEF (p < 0.001) compared to patients without. Conversely, summed rest score, a measure of infarct size, was comparable between the two groups. At multivariable analysis, summed difference score and rest LVEF were independent predictors (both p < 0.001) of post-stress LVEF drop. Myocardial perfusion was abnormal in 106 (63%) patients with post-stress LVEF drop and in 296 (57%) of those without (p = 0.16). The overall event-free survival was lower in patients with post-stress LVEF drop than in those without (log rank χ2 7.7, p < 0.005). After adjusting for clinical data and MPS variables, the hazard ratio for cardiac events for post-stress LVEF drop was 1.52 (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
In diabetic patients stress-induced ischemia is an independent predictor of post-stress LVEF drop; however, a reduction in LVEF is detectable also in patients with normal perfusion. Finally, post-stress LVEF drop increases the risk of subsequent cardiac events in diabetic patients.
A case of skeletal tuberculosis and psoas abscess: disease activity evaluated using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography
Authors: Kimizuka Yoshifumi , Ishii Makoto , Murakami Koji , Ishioka Kota , Yagi Kazuma , Ishii Ken , Watanabe Kota , Soejima Kenzo , Betsuyaku Tomoko , Hasegawa Naoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoas abscess complicating tuberculous spondylitis is a rare morbidity in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There are no established guidelines for evaluating the clinical response of psoas abscess. Although several studies have shown that positron emission tomography-computed tomography with18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose can play a potential role in diagnosing multifocal tuberculosis and monitoring the clinical response of pulmonary tuberculosis, to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that positron emission tomography-computed tomography is useful for evaluating local inflammation and disease activity of a tuberculous psoas abscess.Case presentationWe report a case of multifocal bone and lymph node tuberculosis with concomitant lumbar psoas abscess in a 77-year-old man, along with a literature review. An initial positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan showed intense18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation in the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and lymph nodes. The patient was successfully treated with antitubercular agents and computed tomography-guided drainage therapy. A follow-up positron emission tomography-computed tomography after abscess drainage and 9 months of antitubercular drug treatment revealed that the majority of lesions improved; however, protracted inflammation surrounding the psoas abscess was still observed. These results indicate that disease activity of psoas abscess can remain, even after successful drainage and antitubercular medication regime of appropriate duration.ConclusionWe have successfully followed up the extent of skeletal tuberculosis complicated with psoas abscess by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. In this patient, positron emission tomography-computed tomography is useful for evaluating the disease activity of tuberculous psoas abscess and for assessing the appropriate duration of antitubercular drug therapy in psoas abscess.
PIK3R1 underexpression is an independent prognostic marker in breast cancer
Authors: Cizkova Magdalena , Vacher Sophie , Meseure Didier , Trassard Martine , Susini Aurélie , Mlcuchova Dana , Callens Celine , Rouleau Etienne , Spyratos Frederique , Lidereau Rosette , Bièche Ivan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study focused on the prognostic roles ofPIK3CAandPIK3R1genes and additional PI3K pathway-associated genes in breast cancer.MethodsThe mutational and mRNA expression status ofPIK3CA, PIK3R1andAKT1, and expression status of other genes involved in the PI3K pathway (EGFR,PDK1,PTEN, AKT2, AKT3, GOLPH3, WEE1, P70S6K)were assessed in a series of 458 breast cancer samples.ResultsPIK3CAmutations were identified in 151 samples (33.0%) in exons 1, 2, 9 and 20.PIK3R1mutations were found in 10 samples (2.2%) and underexpression in 283 samples (61.8%).AKT1mutations were found in 15 samples (3.3%) and overexpression in 116 samples (25.3%).PIK3R1underexpression tended to mutual exclusivity withPIK3CAmutations (p = 0.00097).PIK3CAmutations were associated with better metastasis-free survival andPIK3R1underexpression was associated with poorer metastasis-free survival (p = 0.014 and p = 0.00028, respectively). By combiningPIK3CAmutation andPIK3R1expression status, four prognostic groups were identified with significantly different metastasis-free survival (p = 0.00046). On Cox multivariate regression analysis, the prognostic significance ofPIK3R1underexpression was confirmed in the total population (p = 0.0013) and in breast cancer subgroups.ConclusionsPIK3CAmutations andPIK3R1underexpression show opposite effects on patient outcome and could become useful prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer.
The impact of heat on mortality and morbidity in the Greater Metropolitan Sydney Region: a case crossover analysis
Authors: Wilson Leigh Ann , Gerard Morgan Geoffrey , Hanigan Ivan Charles , Johnston Fay H , Abu-Rayya Hisham , Broome Richard , Gaskin Clive , Jalaludin Bin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
This study examined the association between unusually high temperature and daily mortality (1997–2007) and hospital admissions (1997–2010) in the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Region (GMR) to assist in the development of targeted health programs designed to minimise the public health impact of extreme heat.

Methods
Sydney GMR was categorized into five climate zones. Heat-events were defined as severe or extreme. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design with a conditional logistic regression model we adjusted for influenza epidemics, public holidays, and climate zone. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for associations between daily mortality and hospital admissions with heat-event days compared to non-heat event days for single and three day heat-events.

Results
All-cause mortality overall had similar magnitude associations with single day and three day extreme and severe events as did all cardiovascular mortality. Respiratory mortality was associated with single day and three day severe events (95thpercentile, lag0: OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04 to 1.24). Diabetes mortality had similar magnitude associations with single day and three day severe events (95thpercentile, lag0: OR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.03 to 1.46) but was not associated with extreme events. Hospital admissions for heat related injuries, dehydration, and other fluid disorders were associated with single day and three day extreme and severe events. Contrary to our findings for mortality, we found inconsistent and sometimes inverse associations for extreme and severe events with cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease hospital admissions. Controlling for air pollutants did not influence the mortality associations but reduced the magnitude of the associations with hospital admissions particularly for ozone and respiratory disease.

Conclusions
Single and three day events of unusually high temperatures in Sydney are associated with similar magnitude increases in mortality and hospital admissions. The trend towards an inverse association between cardio-vascular admissions and heat-events and the strong positive association between cardio-vascular mortality and heat-events suggests these events may lead to a rapid deterioration in persons with existing cardio-vascular disease resulting in death. To reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures over multiple days, and less extreme but more frequent temperatures over single days, targeted public health messages are critical.
Cognitive performance in older elderly men with late-life depression and cardiovascular comorbidities: symptomatological correlation
Authors: Chang Yun-Hsuan , Liu Mu-En , Huang Chih-Chun , Ku Yan-Chiou , Lee Sheng-Yu , Chen Shiou-Lan , Liu Wen-Chien , Lu Ru-Band 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhether depression or cardiovascular disease would have a greater effect on worsening cognitive impairment in the burgeoning older elderly population is uncertain. Which disorder causes greater cognitive impairment was investigated.MethodsA cross section of 207 cognitively impaired older elderly (≥75 years old) men was recruited from outpatient clinics in southern Taiwan between 2004 and 2008. Their medical charts were reviewed for their history of medical illnesses, and those undergoing a current major depressive episode were screened using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Four groups of men were enrolled: 33 healthy controls (HC), 101 cognitively impaired patients with cardiovascular comorbidities (CVCs), 34 patients with late-life depression (LLD), and 49 patients with LLD and cardiovascular comorbidities (LLD + CVC). Several neuropsychological tests (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), WCST, and Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B) were used to assess the participants.ResultsCognitive function scores were highest in the HC group and lowest in the LLD + CVC group. There were no significant differences between the two groups with LLD comorbidity, and LLD was mostly associated with cognitive performance. LLD + CVC group members had the lowest recall memory, but their overall MMSE score was not significantly different. Moreover, this group had a higher but nonsignificantly different perseverative error than did the LLD group. Similarly, the LLD + CVC group was nonsignificantly slower at the TMT-A and TMT-B tasks than was the LLD group.ConclusionsLLD worsens neuropsychological function more than cardiovascular comorbidities do.
Left ventricular post-infraction pseudoaneurysm mimicking mitral valve endocarditis
Authors: Dedeilias Panagiotis , Koukis Ioannis , Roussakis Antonios , Tsipas Pantelis , Rouska Effie 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this report we present a patient who was initially diagnosed as suffering from mitral valve endocarditis. The proper use of diagnostic modalities revealed a pseudo aneurysm of the left ventricle which was mimicking mitral valve vegetations. This allowed better planning of the subsequent operation. The optimal preoperative diagnostic studies are discussed along with the proper surgical treatment.
What is the clinical course of transient synovitis in children: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Asche Sylvana S , van Rijn Rogier M , Bessems Johannes HJM , Krul Marjolein , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita MA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundTransient synovitis of the hip (TS) is considered to be a self-limiting disease in childhood. However, because the etiology is unclear and some cases precede Legg-Perthes’ disease, data on follow-up are important. Our aim was to summarize the knowledge on the clinical course of TS in children.MethodsThe study design was a systematic review and a literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Studies describing short and/or long-term follow-up of TS in children were included. Case reports, reviews and studies describing traumatic hip pain were excluded. Study quality was scored and data extraction was performed. The main outcome measures were short-term and long-term clinical course, and recurrence of symptoms.ResultsA total of 25 studies were included of which 14 were of high quality. At two-week follow-up, almost all children with TS were symptom free. Those with symptoms persisting for over one month were more prone to develop other hip pathology, such as Legg-Perthes’ disease. The recurrence rate of TS ranged from 0–26.3%. At long-term follow-up, 0-10% of the children diagnosed with TS developed Legg-Perthes’ disease. Hip pain after intensive physical effort and limited range of motion of the hip at long-term follow-up was reported in 12-28% and in 0-18% of the children, respectively.ConclusionsThe majority of the studies indicate that children with TS recover within two weeks; recurrence was seen in 0-26% of the cases. Children with TS should be followed at least six months to increase the likelihood of not missing Legg-Perthes’ disease.
Bell’s palsy during interferon alpha 2a treatment in a case with Behçet uveitis
Authors: Yalçindağ Fatime Nilüfer , Alay Cem 
Published: November 2013

Purpose: To present a case who developed Bell’s palsy while using interferon alpha 2a for Behçet uveitis.Methods: A patient with Behçet disease presented with decreased vision in his right eye. Ophthalmic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed. After developing facial paralysis while on interferon therapy, the patient was referred to our neurology service for differential diagnosis and treatment.Results: Examination of right eye revealed panuveitis with branch retinal vein occlusion, so high dose steroids were prescribed. In three days there was no improvement in terms of vitreous inflammation and so steroids were replaced with interferon. At the seventh month, patient experienced a facial paralysis. After eliminating other causes, including viral infections, trauma, cold exposure and neurological evaluation with cranial MRI, the patient was diagnosed to have Bell’s palsy by a neurologist. Interferon was replaced with mycophenolate mofetil and the Bell’s palsy was treated with oral steroids.Conclusion: It is important to be alert to both common and rare complications while treating with interferon.