bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Barefoot Walking and Shod Walking Between Children with and Without Flat Feet
Authors: Chen Jiann-Perng , Chung Meng-Jung , Wu Chao-Yin , Cheng Kai-Wen , Wang Mao-Jiun 
Published: July 2015

Background
We sought to investigate the effect of wearing shoes on joint range of motion, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity (electromyography) in children with flat and normal feet during walking.

Methods
Nine children with flat feet and 12 children with normal feet aged 5 to 11 years were recruited. Each child was instructed to walk on a walkway in the barefoot and shod conditions. Joint range of motion, GRF, and electromyographic data within one gait cycle were collected simultaneously. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of foot type and shoe condition on the response measures.

Results
Children with flat feet had greater joint motion and higher muscle activities in the lower extremity, as well as lower vertical GRF and longer duration of the first peak forces in vertical and mediolateral GRFs than children with normal feet while walking. Compared with the barefoot condition, shoe wearing in both groups of children showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike, a decrease in anteroposterior GRF and its duration, and an increase in leg muscle electromyographic activities. Pelvic tilt range of motion was affected by the interaction of foot type and shoe condition.

Conclusions
Gait performance in pelvic tilt, hip flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion were different between the two groups of children. Wearing shoes increased the muscle activities of the shin. This finding can provide important information for clinical assessment of and shoe design for children with flat feet.
An Overlooked Deformity in Patients with Hallux Valgus
Authors: Deveci Alper , Yilmaz Serdar , Firat Ahmet , Yildirim Ahmet Ozgur , Oken Ozdamar Fuat , Gulcek Murat , Ucaner Ahmet 
Published: July 2015

Background
Tailor's bunion is a deformity of the fifth toe, and its concomitance with hallux valgus (HV) is defined as splayfoot deformity. Treatment is focused on the HV deformity in splayfoot, and the tailor's bunion deformity can be overlooked. The frequency of HV concomitant with tailor's bunion in splayfoot has not been reported in the literature.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation was performed to detect the existence of tailor's bunion deformity in 203 patients (376 feet) treated for HV. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were used in the radiologic evaluation. Fallat's classification was used to grade tailor's bunion. Surgery for HV was applied to 86 patients (136 feet), and conservative treatment was applied to 117 patients (240 feet). Mean follow-up was 28.3 months (range, 18–42 months). Clinical evaluation was by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score.

Results
Of the 376 feet with HV, 28 (7.4%) had tailor's bunion, of which 17 (60.7%) were overlooked according to the surgery criteria for tailor's bunion. In the HV surgery group, there were no differences in preoperative mean AOFAS scores according to concurrence with tailor's bunion, but postoperative AOFAS scores were low in patients with accompanying tailor's bunion (P < .001). In the conservative group, no differences were determined in mean AOFAS scores according to tailor's bunion.

Conclusions
Tailor's bunion deformity sometimes goes undiagnosed in patients with treated HV. This deformity must be kept in mind for patients with HV to improve clinical results.
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Myocarditis Attributed to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, or Conventional Etiologies
Authors: Semenzato Laura , Le Vu Stéphane , Botton Jérémie , Bertrand Marion , Jabagi Marie-Joelle , Drouin Jérôme , Cuenot François , Zores Florian , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAlthough patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination appear to have a good prognosis near hospital discharge, their longer-term prognosis and management remain unknown.ObjectiveTo study the cardiovascular complications of post–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis and other types of myocarditis during an 18-month follow-up, as well as disease management based on a study of the frequency of medical procedures and drug prescriptions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study based on the French National Health Data System, all individuals aged 12 to 49 years hospitalized for myocarditis in France between December 27, 2020, and June 30, 2022, were identified.ExposureIndividuals were categorized as having postvaccine myocarditis (within 7 days after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine), post–COVID-19 myocarditis (within 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection), or conventional myocarditis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe occurrence of clinical outcomes (hospital readmission for myopericarditis, other cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and a composite outcome of these events) over the 18 months following hospital admission were analyzed using weighted Cox models to standardize the comparisons with the conventional myocarditis group. Also, medical management after hospital discharge was longitudinally assessed using generalized estimated equation models.ResultsIn total, 4635 individuals were hospitalized for myocarditis: 558 with postvaccine myocarditis, 298 with post–COVID-19 myocarditis, and 3779 with conventional myocarditis. Patients with postvaccine myocarditis were younger than those with post–COVID-19 and conventional myocarditis (mean [SD] age of 25.9 [8.6], 31.0 [10.9], and 28.3 [9.4] years, respectively) and were more frequently men (84%, 67%, and 79%). Patients with postvaccine myocarditis had a lower standardized incidence of the composite clinical outcome than those with conventional myocarditis (32/558 vs 497/3779 events; weighted hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.36-0.86]), whereas individuals with post–COVID-19 myocarditis had similar results (36/298 events; weighted hazard ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.70-1.52]). The standardized frequency of medical procedures and drugs prescribed in patients with postvaccine myocarditis or post–COVID-19 myocarditis followed a similar trend in the 18 months following hospital discharge to that of patients with conventional myocarditis.Conclusions and RelevancePatients with post–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination myocarditis, contrary to those with post–COVID-19 myocarditis, show a lower frequency of cardiovascular complications than those with conventional myocarditis at 18 months. However, affected patients, mainly healthy young men, may require medical management up to several months after hospital discharge.
Recent Advances of Photodetection Technology Based on Main Group III–V Semiconductors
Authors: Ai Jiale , Qin Mingli , Xue Maodeng , Cao Chenzhe , Zhang Jian , Kuklin Artem V. , Wang Huide , Zhang Han , Zhang Qian , Ågren Hans , Gao Lingfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of main group III–V nanomaterials endows photodetectors (PDs) with enhanced performance. At present, various III–V nanomaterials are systematically investigated, whereof III–V semiconductors have attracted a successively increased attention that calls for a comprehensive summary which also can define the state‐of‐art for their further development. Herein, this work systematically introduces and discusses key aspects of the field. First, the advanced strategies for the preparation of III–V semiconductor materials and the device structures of the subsequent PDs based on these materials, pristine and doped, are addressed. The focus is then turned to their performance under the irradiation of various wavelengths, separately summarizing and comparing the photodetection properties under infrared, UV and visible light. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of III–V semiconductor‐based PDs are highlighted. This review enlightens the development of III–V semiconductor‐based PDs, and their extended applications for optoelectronic devices in general.
Achieving Swift and Distinct Luminescent Modulation Through Manipulating Molecular Motion in Polymers
Authors: Shi Yadong , Xu Jiahui , Deng Shengyong , Xu Jieqiong , Wei Peifa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMolecules in the bulk state are typically constrained by multiple intermolecular interactions, making it challenging to develop emission‐tunable solid‐state materials. Manipulating molecular motion is essential for achieving dynamic solid‐state emissions. Herein, various emission‐tunable 4CN@polymer films are developed whose multicolor luminescence arises from different molecular motion modes within the polymer microenvironments. There are three motion modes in the films: restricted, normal, and vigorous. In the normal mode, the film emits green light, shifting to purple under UV (515–387 nm). Cooling or fuming creates a rigid environment, leading to blue emission at 426 nm. High temperatures induce vigorous motion, causing quenched emission, which can be reactivated by cooling. This mechanism underscores the significant influence of molecular motion within flexible polymers on the luminescence behavior of 4CN@polymer films, enabling multicolor emission based on environmental conditions. The wide‐range fluorescence—from purple, blue, white, green, yellow‐green to dark—indicates promising applications in multifaceted dynamic displays and information security. This study offers novel perspectives on the correlation between solid‐state molecular motion and dynamic emission.
Enzymes in Addressing Hypoxia for Biomaterials Engineering
Authors: Ghaffari‐Bohlouli Pejman , Jafari Hafez , Nie Lei , Kakkar Ashok , Shavandi Amin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxygen is essential for normal cellular functions. Hypoxia impacts various cellular processes, such as metabolism, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumorigenesis, microbial infection, and immune response, mediated by hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). Hypoxia contributes to the progression and development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, kidney diseases, and infections. The potential alleviation of hypoxia has been explored through the enzymatic in situ decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, leading to the generation of oxygen. However, challenges such as limited stability restrict the effectiveness of enzymes such as catalase in biomedical and in vivo applications. To overcome these limitations, targeted delivery of the enzymes has been proposed. This review offers a critical comparison of i) current approaches to enhance the in vivo stability of catalase; and ii) the structure, mechanism of action, and kinetics of catalase and catalase‐like nanozymes.
Controlled Fabrication of Native Ultra‐Thin Amorphous Gallium Oxide From 2D Gallium Sulfide for Emerging Electronic Applications
Authors: AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Xhameni Aferdita , Guo Xuyun , Chircă Irina , Nicolosi Valeria , Hofmann Stephan , Lombardo Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxidation of 2D layered materials has proven advantageous in creating oxide/2D material heterostructures, opening the door for a new paradigm of low‐power electronic devices. Gallium (II) sulfide (β‐GaS), a hexagonal phase group III monochalcogenide, is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap exceeding 3 eV in single and few‐layer form. Its oxide, gallium oxide (Ga2O3), combines a large bandgap (4.4–5.3 eV) with a high dielectric constant (≈10). Despite the technological potential of both materials, controlled oxidation of atomically‐thin β‐GaS remains under‐explored. This study focuses on the controlled oxidation of β‐GaS using oxygen plasma treatment, addressing a significant gap in existing research. The results demonstrate the ability to form ultrathin native oxide (GaSxOy), 4 nm in thickness, upon exposure to 10 W of O2, resulting in a GaSxOy/GaS heterostructure where the GaS layer beneath remains intact. By integrating such structures between metal electrodes and applying electric stresses as voltage ramps or pulses, their use for resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM) is investigated. The ultrathin nature of the produced oxide enables low operation power with energy use as low as 0.22 nJ per operation while maintaining endurance and retention of 350 cycles and 104 s, respectively. These results show the significant potential of the oxidation‐based GaSxOy/GaS heterostructure for electronic applications and, in particular, low‐power memory devices.
Experimental Demonstration of Collective Photonic Nanojet Generated by Densely Packed Arrays of Dielectric Microstructures
Authors: Lam Man Yu , Sergeeva Kseniia A. , Tutov Mikhail V. , Zhizhchenko Aleksey Yu. , Cherepakhin Artem B. , Mironenko Aleksandr Yu , Sergeev Aleksandr A. , Wong Kam Sing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUncovering new ways for light localization at the micro‐ and nanoscale is essential for the development of state‐of‐the‐art photonic devices. Nowadays the most advances in this area are achieved using near‐field resonators, providing extreme light confinement in nanoscale volume. However, the boosting of device performance in some practical applications, for example, luminescent sensing, optical tweezing, and super‐resolution optical microscopy require light localization at distances beyond near‐field range. This issue can be addressed by employing dielectric microstructures that produce photonic nanojets (PNJs), representing an intermediate state between near‐field localization and geometric optics. Despite the promising benefits of PNJ implementation in various optical applications, their practical studies are scarce and mostly limited to numerical simulations. Here, a new type of PNJ is introduced and studied both numerically and experimentally. Contrary to the conventional case, wherein PNJ is generated by a single microstructure, the reported PNJ is produced through collective effects in a densely packed array of dielectric microstructures. The studies reveal that these collective PNJs can reach an unprecedented length of >60 λ, while maintaining a high localization intensity. Under certain configurations of the array, collective PNJ can enhance the electromagnetic field by up to sevenfold, being a versatile tool for various photonic applications.
Broad‐Band Photoelectrochemical Photodetector Based on Ternary Sb2Te2Se Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Lude , Qin Mingli , Kuklin Artem V. , Li Jie , Zhao Yiming , Zhang Jian , Ai Jiale , Chen Zhi , Zhang Han , Ågren Hans , Gao Lingfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a novel V‐VI ternary topological insulator, Sb2Te2Se, has recently garnered great attention that has motivated both theoretical and experimental investigations. Numerous simulations have proved that 2D ternary Sb2Te2Se is a promising candidate for various optoelectronic devices. However, there are only a few experimental reports focusing on 2D Sb2Te2Se‐based devices due to the lack of a facile synthetic approach. Herein, few‐layered 2D Sb2Te2Se nanosheets are prepared by efficient liquid phase exfoliation and their photoresponse performance is systematically investigated using a photoelectrochemical type photodetector. As revealed, the 2D Sb2Te2Se‐based photodetector exhibits a significant photoresponse in alkaline electrolytes with excellent long‐term cycling stability (decrement of 3.3% during 15000 cycles). In addition, a wide spectral response ranging from 365 to 700 nm could be achieved, indicating great potential for broad‐band photodetection. With this initial exploration work, it is anticipated that 2D ternary Sb2Te2Se materials can be developed for future optoelectronic devices with high performance.
Interconnect‐Integrated GaInP/AlGaAs Schottky Photodetector Array with Heterojunction‐Assisted Enhanced Photovoltaic Effect for Automotive Speed Measurement Systems
Authors: Yue Wenbo , Zhao Tu , Wang Bing , Deng Qunrui , Zheng Tao , Zhang Jieliang , Liu Zhiyuan , Pan Yuan , Sun Yiming , Gao Wei , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReducing power consumption has always been a pressing issue for integrated circuits. Currently, there is a strong interest in the development of self‐powered photodetectors with low power consumption, high quantum efficiency, and high integration. In this work, a novel GaInP/AlGaAs photodetector is developed, where the photovoltaic effect of the Schottky junction is enhanced by the assistance of underneath GaInP/AlGaAs heterojunction, achieving near unity quantum efficiency, high integration, and ultrafast response speed. A single device exhibits a responsivity (R) of 467 mA W−1 in photovoltaic mode, a specific detectivity (D*) of 1.43 × 1011 Jones, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.5%, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 96.56%. Further, an interconnect integration technique is used to integrate 81 individual detector units onto a 5 × 5 mm2 chip, resulting in a detector array that significantly improves the optical response. The device array has a high frequency feature with a fast response of 19 µs and a −3 dB bandwidth of 21.34 kHz. The interconnect chip is further integrated with a STM32 chip to realize an automotive speed measurement system. This work provides a novel technological solution for a high‐frequency, highly integrated photodetector array using heterojunction‐assisted enhanced GaInP Schottky junctions.
Selective and Efficient Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate with Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Yin Shiyue , Guan Zhixi , Zhu Yuchuan , Guo Daying , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe high stability and persistence of nitrates in water poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. To effectively reduce the nitrate content in wastewater, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (e‐NO3RR) is widely recognized as an ideal treatment method due to its high reliability and efficiency. The selection of catalyst material plays a decisive role in e‐NO3RR performance. Copper‐based catalysts, with their ease of acquisition, high activity, and selectivity for NH3, have emerged as the most promising candidates for e‐NO3RR applications. In this paper, the mechanism of e‐NO3RR is first introduced. Then the relationship between structural properties and catalytic performance of copper‐based catalysts is analyzed in detail from four aspects: nanomaterials, oxides, monoatomic, and bimetallic materials. Strategies for constructing efficient catalysts are discussed, including surface modulation, defect engineering, heteroatom doping, and coordination effects. Finally, the challenges and prospects of copper‐based catalysts with high e‐NO3RR performance in practical applications are outlined.
Cost‐Effective Layered Oxide – Olivine Blend Cathodes for High‐Rate Pulse Power Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Steven , Scanlan Kevin , Reed Seth , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSustainability and supply‐chain concerns require lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) free from critical minerals, such as nickel and cobalt. While recent advances provide encouraging signs that cobalt can be removed, the question remains how much Ni can be removed from Co‐free layered oxide cathodes before sacrificing critical performance metrics. This study highlights the effect of reducing Ni by benchmarking several Co‐free cathodes with decreasing Ni content. Keeping the energy density the same by increasing the charge voltage, cathodes below 80% Ni content exhibit worsened capacity fade due to increasing oxygen release and electrolyte decomposition. Charge transfer and diffusion kinetics are also hindered with increasing Mn content and exacerbated by resistive surface phases formed at high voltages, rendering lower‐Ni, Co‐free cathodes less competitive than high‐Ni cathodes for high energy and power applications. It is demonstrated blending layered oxide with olivine as an effective alternative to deliver energy density and cycling stability comparable to lower‐Ni cathodes with moderate charging voltages. Blending with 30 wt% olivine LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 (LMFP) virtually eliminates the diffusion limitation of layered oxides at low state‐of‐charge, with enhanced pulse power characteristics rivaling the high‐Ni counterparts. Cathode blending can further reduce the overall Ni content and cost without the performance limitations of lower‐Ni, Co‐free cathodes.
DNA‐Compatible Nitriles Hydrolysis for Late‐Stage Functionalization of DNA‐Encoded Libraries
Authors: Zhang Tianyang , Fang Xianfu , Wang Xin , Wang Huicong , Zhang Gong , Fang Wei , Li Yangfeng , Li Yizhou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrimary amides play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis. Herein, we present a rapid and convenient method for transforming diverse DNA‐conjugated nitriles into primary amides utilizing hydrogen peroxide and potassium carbonate. The substrate scope and DEL compatibility of this reaction were thoroughly investigated, revealing a wide range of substrates with moderate‐to‐excellent conversion. This on‐DNA transformation holds significant promise for constructing DNA‐encoded libraries (DELs) and enabling late‐stage functionalization to expand chemical diversity. Our approach not only highlights the versatility of the method but also underscores its potential for broad applications in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis.
EDS‐FLU efficacy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without prior sinus surgery in ReOpen1 and ReOpen2 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wise Sarah K. , Adappa Nithin D. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Davis Greg E. , Mahdavinia Mahboobeh , Mahmoud Ramy , Messina John , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Peters Anju T. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Sindwani Raj , Soler Zachary M. , White Andrew A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe inability of topical medications to reach sinus cavities is a potential reason for lack of efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). One purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to enable delivery of medications into the sinus cavities. The exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS‐FLU; XHANCE) creates unique biomechanics that enable deposition of intranasal corticosteroid into sinuses and sinus drainage pathways but may have differing efficacy in operated versus unoperated sinuses. Two 24‐week randomized trials (ReOpen1/2) evaluated EDS‐FLU versus EDS‐placebo in patients with CRS, stratified by surgical status.MethodsSurgery‐naive (n = 332) and prior‐surgery (n = 215) patient groups were analyzed as pooled data from ReOpen1/2. Outcome measures (least‐squares mean change from baseline) included combined symptom score (CSS) and congestion score at weeks 4, 8, and 12 and average of percentages of opacified volume (APOV) of ethmoid/maxillary sinuses on CT and Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT‐22) total score at week 24.ResultsBaseline scores suggested moderate–severe disease: mean CSS = 5.8; APOV = 67.2%. EDS‐FLU produced significant improvement versus placebo (p < 0.05): CSS (surgery‐naive, −0.68 vs. −1.42; prior ESS, −0.70 vs. −1.87); congestion (surgery‐naive, −0.24 vs. −0.59; prior ESS, −0.24 vs. −0.69); and SNOT‐22 (surgery‐naive, −7.56 vs. −18.30; prior ESS, −10.72 vs. −18.74). Similar results were observed for APOV (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between surgery subgroups with either EDS‐FLU dose.ConclusionEDS‐FLU improved symptoms, sinus opacification, and quality of life in patients with CRS with or without prior ESS, suggesting a role for EDS‐FLU in both populations.
Comparative analysis of traditional machine learning and automated machine learning: advancing inverted papilloma versus associated squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Farideh , Mohammadi S. Saeed , Palmer James N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D. , Chang Michael T. , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: August 2024

Key points
Inverted papilloma conversion to squamous cell carcinoma is not always easy to predict.
AutoML requires much less technical knowledge and skill to use than traditional ML.
AutoML surpassed the traditional ML algorithm in differentiating IP from IP‐SCC.