bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperativity of CD44 and CD49d in Leukemia Cell Homing, Migration, and Survival Offers a Means for Therapeutic Attack
Authors: Singh Vibuthi , Erb Ulrike , Zöller Margot 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A CD44 blockade drives leukemic cells into differentiation and apoptosis by dislodging from the osteogenic niche. Because anti-CD49d also supports hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, we sought to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a joint CD49d/CD44 blockade. To unravel the underlying mechanism, the CD49d− EL4 lymphoma was transfected with CD49d or point-mutated CD49d, prohibiting phosphorylation and FAK binding; additionally, a CD44− Jurkat subline was transfected with murine CD44, CD44 with a point mutation in the ezrin binding site, or with cytoplasmic tail–truncated CD44. Parental and transfected EL4 and Jurkat cells were evaluated for adhesion, migration, and apoptosis susceptibility in vitro and in vivo. Ligand-binding and Ab-blocking studies revealed CD44–CD49d cooperation in vitro and in vivo in adhesion, migration, and apoptosis resistance. The cooperation depends on ligand-induced proximity such that both CD44 and CD49d get access to src, FAK, and paxillin and via lck to the MAPK pathway, with the latter also supporting antiapoptotic molecule liberation. Accordingly, synergisms were only seen in leukemia cells expressing wild-type CD44 and CD49d. Anti-CD44 together with anti-CD49d efficiently dislodged EL4-CD49d/Jurkat-CD44 in bone marrow and spleen. Dislodging was accompanied by increased apoptosis susceptibility that strengthened low-dose chemotherapy, the combined treatment most strongly interfering with metastatic settlement and being partly curative. Ab treatment also promoted NK and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activation, which affected leukemia cells independent of CD44/CD49d tail mutations. Thus, mostly owing to a blockade of joint signaling, anti-CD44 and anti-CD49d hamper leukemic cell settlement and break apoptosis resistance, which strongly supports low-dose chemotherapy.
Genome-Wide siRNA Screen Reveals a New Cellular Partner of NK Cell Receptor KIR2DL4: Heparan Sulfate Directly Modulates KIR2DL4-Mediated Responses
Authors: Brusilovsky Michael , Cordoba Moti , Rosental Benyamin , Hershkovitz Oren , Andrake Mark D. , Pecherskaya Anna , Einarson Margret B. , Zhou Yan , Braiman Alex , Campbell Kerry S. , Porgador Angel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
KIR2DL4 (CD158d) is a distinct member of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family in human NK cells that can induce cytokine production and cytolytic activity in resting NK cells. Soluble HLA-G, normally expressed only by fetal-derived trophoblast cells, was reported to be a ligand for KIR2DL4; however, KIR2DL4 expression is not restricted to the placenta and can be found in CD56high subset of peripheral blood NK cells. We demonstrated that KIR2DL4 can interact with alternative ligand(s), expressed by cells of epithelial or fibroblast origin. A genome-wide high-throughput siRNA screen revealed that KIR2DL4 recognition of cell-surface ligand(s) is directly regulated by heparan sulfate (HS) glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1). KIR2DL4 was found to directly interact with HS/heparin, and the D0 domain of KIR2DL4 was essential for this interaction. Accordingly, exogenous HS/heparin can regulate cytokine production by KIR2DL4-expressing NK cells and HEK293T cells (HEK293T-2DL4), and induces differential localization of KIR2DL4 to rab5+ and rab7+ endosomes, thus leading to downregulation of cytokine production and degradation of the receptor. Furthermore, we showed that intimate interaction of syndecan-4 (SDC4) HS proteoglycan (HSPG) and KIR2DL4 directly affects receptor endocytosis and membrane trafficking.
How objective are protected area management effectiveness assessments? A case study from the iSimangaliso Wetland Park
Authors: Carbutt Clinton , Goodman Peter S. 
Published: October 2013

The assessment of protected area management effectiveness was developed out of a genuine desire to improve the way protected areas are managed and reported on, in relation to a formalised set of conservation objectives. For monitoring and reporting purposes, a number of participatory methods of rapidly assessing management effectiveness were developed. Most rapid assessment methods rely on scoring a range of protected area-related activities against an objective set of criteria documented in a formal questionnaire. This study evaluated the results of two applications of the same management effectiveness assessment tool applied to the same protected area, namely the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. The manner in which the assessments were undertaken differed considerably and, not unexpectedly, so did the results, with the national assessment scoring significantly higher than the provincial assessment. Therefore, a further aim was to evaluate the operating conditions applied to each assessment, with a view to determining which assessment was more closely aligned with best practice and hence which score was more credible. The application of the tool differed mainly with respect to the level of spatial detail entered into for the evaluation, the depth and breadth of the management hierarchy that was consulted, the time in which the assessment was undertaken and the degree of peer review applied. Disparate scores such as those obtained in the assessments documented here are likely to bring the discipline of management effectiveness assessment into disrepute unless an acceptable and standardised set of operating procedures is developed and adopted. Recommendations for such a set of ‘indispensable constants’ were made in this article to ensure that management effectiveness assessments remain robust and reputable, thereby ensuring an honest picture of what is happening on the ground. Conservation implications: We proposed that standard operating procedures should be in place when protected area management effectiveness assessments are undertaken, in order for the results to be credible. This involves ensuring that the right people participate and that each participant is allowed sufficient time to peer review each other.
Nondiabetic Renal Disease in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Wilfred Devadass Clement , Mysorekar Vijaya Viswanath , Venkataramana Raju S , Eshwarappa Mahesh , Subramanyan Revathi 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) among type 2 diabetics varies widely depending on the populations being studied and the selection criteria. Also, for patients found to have NDRD different predicting factors have been identified by different studies.
Objectives: To determine: (i) Frequency and spectrum of NDRD in type 2 diabetics with atypical clinical renal disease, in our set up and (ii) common clinical markers that are associated with NDRD in our local population.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-three type 2 diabetic patients with atypical clinical renal disease who had undergone renal biopsy to rule out NDRD were recruited. Patients were grouped into Group 1 with isolated NDRD, Group 2 with NDRD superimposed on diabetic nephropathy (DN), and Group 3 with isolated DN; and their clinical and biochemical parameters were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square tests of statistical significance.
Results: 68.8% of the patients had NDRD with or without concurrent DN. Patients with isolated NDRD had shorter duration of diabetes compared to the other groups. Absence of retinopathy and presence of microscopic hematuria and active urinary sediment had positive predictive value of 79.24, 81, and 100%, respectively, for NDRD in type 2 diabetics. Chronic interstitial nephritis was the commonest NDRD and membranous glomerulonephritis was the commonest glomerular NDRD in our setup.
Interpretation and Conclusions: The frequency of NDRD in type 2 diabetics with atypical clinical renal disease is high in our setup thereby making the renal biopsy procedure imperative to rule out the same. Shorter duration of diabetes, absence of retinopathy, presence of microscopic hematuria, and active urinary sediment are markers associated with NDRD in type 2 diabetes with clinical renal disease.
A Rare Case of Primary Lymphoma of the Caecum Presenting as Intussusception
Authors: Jayabackthan Leena , Murgi Sandeep Babukumar , Graham Shane , Kini Reshma G 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are rare neoplasms. They are most common in the stomach followed by small intestine and colon. The symptoms are nonspecific and generally do not present with intussusception. Here we report a rare clinical entity in which a 35-year-old female presented to the emergency with severe abdominal pain which was sudden in onset. History revealed that she had been having vague mild abdominal pain for 2 years. Ultrasonography showed ileocolic intussusception with hypoechoic lesion of 54 x 46 mm seen at the lead point. Emergency laparotomy with the right hemi-colectomy was done. The specimen was sent for histopathological examination which revealed a diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. Awareness of the varied clinical presentation helps in formulating the appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Can a Postmortem Skin Biopsy Predict Cause of Death?
Authors: Sukheeja Deepti , Shanmugam Janani , Subramanian Arulselvi , Lalwani Sanjeev 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTElectrocution continues to be a major cause of death among workers because they and their employers do not recognize the importance of safety training and implementing safe practices. Part of the reason is that at home and on the job we take electricity for granted. Relying on the benefits of electricity, we may forget its hazards. Death due to electrocution can occur without any marks on body. Skin biopsy of an autopsy case of a male, plumber by occupation, who was brought dead to the hospital, was examined to find out the cause of death. Electrical marks were observed on his palm during autopsy and were supposedly thought to be the cause of death. The histopathology of skin lesion confirmed the diagnosis. We, hereby, report this case as the histopathology in electrocution has rarely been discussed in papers and it can aid in investigations to know the cause of death in unknown cases.
Primary Intestinal Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: An Uncommon Presentation
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Rana Safia , Kapur Sujala , Jairajpuri Zeeba Shamim 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPrimary intestinal lymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative neoplasm of the small intestine. The primary nature is established on the basis of lack of evidence of lymphoma on chest X-ray, computerized tomographic scan, peripheral blood or bone marrow puncture. Tumor involvement is limited to the gastrointestinal tract, the criteria for inclusion are that the symptoms related to the small intestine are predominant or the only symptoms at the time of laparotomy. Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) primarily in the small intestine is a rare entity and an uncommon presentation of the disease. Ileum is the more common site of infliction than the jejunum because of its abundant lymphoid follicles. Here, we present a case of primary intestinal HL, in a 30-year-old male.
Bartholin’s Gland Abscesses Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Primigravida
Authors: Saeed Nermin Kamal , Al-Jufairi Zainab A 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBartholin gland cysts and abscesses are common problems in females during their reproductive time. Majority of Bartholin's gland abscesses described are of polymicrobial nature, but not necessarily involves opportunistic microbes that colonize the perineal region. In this report, we describe a case of Bartholin's abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a 25-year-old non-diabetic primigravida.
Urinary Tract Infection Due to Paenibacillus alvei in a Chronic Kidney Disease: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Padhi Sanghamitra , Dash Muktikesh , Sahu Rani , Panda Pritilata 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPaenibacilli, the Gram positive, aerobic spore bearing bacilli are found normally in the environment. Though these organisms were not known to cause human disease, until recently; few species of this genus have been reported to cause infections in humans. We report here, a case of urinary tract infection in a 60-year-old chronic kidney disease patient due to this rare bacterium. The patient presented with complains of fever, dysuria, and flank pain. Routine and microscopic examination of urine revealed no abnormality except plenty of pus cells and albumin (1+). Bacterial culture showed significant bacteruria and the isolated bacteria was identified to be Paenibacillus alvei based on standard biochemical reactions.
Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Fatal Purulent Pericarditis
Authors: Kumar Vasudevan Anil , Nisha Nair , Thachathodiyl Rajesh , Nandakumar Aswathy , Dinesh Kavitha R , Thatcher Eileen , Karim Shamsul , Biswas Raja 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThough pericardial disease is common in patients with renal disease, purulent pericarditis is very rare. We report a fatal case of purulent pericarditis and sepsis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a 78-year-old male with systemic hypertension and renal disease along with the molecular characterization of its resistant mechanism.
Periampullary Adenocarcinoid: Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Krishnappa Rashmi , Metikurke Sudha Horakerappa , Honnappa Sridhar , Hosakote Rudresh , Chandrashekar Nagesh Kumar Talkad 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe growth in periampullary region needs proper evaluation as they can arise from duodenum, pancreas and extra hepatic biliary tree. We have reported a case of adenocarcinoid of duodenum presenting as periampullary growth with obstructive jaundice. Histologically, tumor displayed biphasic pattern, i.e. tubuloglandular architecture with admixed sheets of neuroendocrine cells without pancreas and extra hepatic biliary tree involvement. The adenocarcinoids are of great diagnostic challenges for the pathologist interpreting endoscopic biopsy for the frequent misinterpretation as negative due to their submucosal location or as adenocarcinomas due to tubulo-glandular architecture.
Metastasis in central nervous system: Clinicopathological study with review of literature in a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Patnayak Rashmi , Jena Amitabh , Vijaylaxmi Bodagala , Lakshmi Amancharla Y. , Prasad BCM , Chowhan Amit Kumar , Rukmangadha N. , Phaneendra Bobbit V. , Reddy Mandyam Kumaraswamy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Secondary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are common in Western countries, but in Indian literature, scant data are available. With the advent of newer imaging techniques, the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis has become comparatively easier. Hereby, we have analyzed our data from a single tertiary care center in south India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study from January 2000 to December 2010, histopathologically diagnosed secondary CNS tumors were reviewed along with clinical, imaging, and relevant immunohistochemical findings. Meningeal, lymphoproliferative, and myeloproliferative tumors and autopsy data were not included in the study group. Results: There were 40 secondary CNS tumors. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Age range was wide (28-75 years). Majority of cases were seen in the fourth and fifth decade. Imaging-wise, (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) majority were single lesions (n = 34, 85%). Most commonly, these single lesions were present in the cerebral hemisphere (n = 20, 50%) followed by cerebellum (n = 10, 25%). Adenocarcinoma accounted for maximum number of cases (n = 25, 62.5%) with lungs being the most common primary. Conclusion: We have noted 25% metastatic adenocarcinomas in cerebellar location, which is higher when compared with available world literature. However, we also encountered a good number of cases (30%) due to unknown primary. Though histopathological examination with use of immunohistochemical markers can reliably distinguish primary from secondary CNS tumors in addition to available clinical and imaging data, particularly in developing countries, still a better work-up with an array of immunohistochemical markers and newer imaging modalities is desirable.
Is human papillomavirus vaccination likely to be a useful strategy in India?
Authors: Gupta Sudeep , Kerkar Rajendra A. , Dikshit Rajesh , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo vaccines that protect against infection by some of the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes have recently been licensed for use in population-based vaccination strategies in many countries. However, these products are being promoted as ‘cervical cancer vaccines’ based on inadequate data. Specifically, there remain several concerns about the duration of immunogenicity, length of follow-up of trial subjects, endpoints chosen in vaccine trials, applicability of trial results to real populations, the safety of these products, and their cost-effectiveness as public health interventions. Furthermore, it is unlikely that vaccination will obviate the need for setting up robust and cost-effective screening programs in countries like India. This article will discuss various aspects of HPV vaccination from a public health perspective, especially from the point of view of its relevance to India and other South Asian countries.
Immunohistochemistry: A diagnostic aid in differentiating primary epithelial ovarian tumors and tumors metastatic to the ovary
Authors: Kriplani Divya , Patel Mandakini M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Among cancers of the female genital tract, the incidence of ovarian cancer ranks below only carcinoma of the cervix and the endometrium. Recent years have witnessed significant development in the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic ovarian pathology. Materials and Methods: We received 95 specimens and biopsies of primary ovarian neoplasms and neoplasms metastatic to the ovary in a period of 2 years. Of these 30 cases were of the primary surface epithelial neoplasms and seven of metastatic tumors. Discussion: The most common tumors metastasizing to the ovary originate from the gastrointestinal tract followed by the endometrium. We used a panel of six markers including cytokeratin-7 (CK7), CK20, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), estrogen receptor (ER) and Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) to help classify various surface epithelial tumors as well as to differentiate them from tumors metastatic to the ovary. Conclusion: CK7 is the most helpful marker to differentiate primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colorectal carcinoma of the ovary. Nearly, 96% of ovarian adenocarcinomas were positive for CK7 in contrast to metastatic colorectal, which showed only 25% positivity. We also found that CK7, CK20 and CEA are useful markers to differentiate primary serous tumors from primary mucinous tumors; however, these are less helpful in differentiating ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas from colorectal adenocarcinomas metastasizing to the ovaries. WT1 helps in typing primary surface epithelial tumors of the ovary and is also significant in determining whether a serous carcinoma within the ovary is primary or metastatic.
Denosumab: A comprehensive review
Authors: Narayanan Prasad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe clinical sequelae from bone metastases, termed skeletal-related events (SREs), are among the most frequent and debilitating complications in patients with advanced cancer. Bone metastases are characterized by pathologically increased osteoclast activity, and accumulating evidence indicates that tumor cells interact within the bone to stimulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway. RANKL is an essential mediator of osteoclast formation, function, and survival. Because of the central role of RANKL in cancer-induced bone destruction, the inhibition of RANKL has the potential to result in the reduction of pathologic bone resorption. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for RANKL that inhibits the formation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts. This in turn decreases bone resorption and reduces cancer-induced bone destruction. In this review, we give an overview of the drug Denosumab with its history, mechanism of action, clinical trial data, adverse effects, and future challenges.
Procalcitonin and quantitative C-reactive protein role in the early diagnosis of sepsis in patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Meidani Mohsen , Khorvash Farzin , Abolghasemi Hojat , Jamali Bahareh 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Neutropenia with fever is a common syndrome in patients with hematologic malignancies who have a high risk of infectious diseases. As early diagnosis of infection in such patients is really important, the aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of sepsis in febrile neutropenic patients in a referral malignant care center of Isfahan in 2010-2011. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, all the febrile neutropenic patients who were admitted in the referral malignant care center in 2010-2011 were evaluated. The data from every individual, including sex, age, admission time, and duration of fever before taking antibiotics were collected. Sixty-four subjects were involved in the study. Blood samples of the subjects were obtained and the levels of PCT, CRP, Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and white blood cell count were measured, and blood cultures were obtained. According to the test results, the 64 subjects were divided into two groups including patients with sepsis and without sepsis. Results: Mean value of PCT in the sepsis group was 28.65 ± 2.68 and in the non-sepsis group was 2.48 ± 0.66, with a P value of 0.000. In case of CRP, the sepsis group had a mean of 159.48 ± 9.73 and the non-sepsis group had a mean of 126.17 ± 10.63 (P = 0.015). Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and were found to be 92.5% and 97.3%, respectively, for PCT and 70.5% and 42.1%, respectively, for CRP. Conclusion: PCT can be considered as a predictive factor and a diagnostic marker for the diagnosis of sepsis in febrile neutropenic patients.
Clinical challenges: Myeloma and concomitant type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ali Mohamed Ahmed , Ahmed Yasar A , Ibrahim Abubaker 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. It is characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells, predominantly in the bone marrow. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing; therefore, it is expected that there will be an increase in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma with concomitant diabetes mellitus. The treatment of multiple myeloma and diabetes mellitus is multifaceted. The coexistence of the two conditions in a patient forms a major challenge for physicians.