bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the rise or a return to pre-pandemic levels? A cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use among youth
Authors: Fanninger Selina , Mayer Anna , Goreis Andreas , Kothgassner Oswald D. , Matjazic Julia , Schoegl Paul , Schmelzle Nicolas , Wollenek Valentin , Skala Katrin 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented and deteriorating effects on the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Various studies have described changes regarding substance abuse, but findings are conflicting.

Study design
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey on nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug use.

Methods
From March to May 2023, 502 participants aged 14–24 from a community-based sample completed the questionnaire.

Results
We found a general trend of declining or stable substance use during the first 2 years of the pandemic; however, in the third year (i.e., 2022), substance use returned to pre-pandemic levels or exceeded it. Compared with young adults (age 19–24), adolescents’ (age 14–18) use increased more clearly. Participants who scored above the cut-off on screening measures for problematic substance use showed a more pronounced increase in the use of cigarettes and illicit drugs but not of alcohol. Higher alcohol consumption during lockdowns was associated with increased likelihood of current problematic alcohol (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03) and cannabis use (OR: 2.60). Furthermore, individuals who reported increased usage of one psychotropic substance during lockdowns were more likely to have increased their use of other substances as well (OR: 2.66–4.87).

Conclusions
Although not optimally generalizable due to the retrospective online format and convenience sampling, our results support the notion that special attention ought to be paid to certain subgroups such as younger people and those who already exhibit problematic substance use during the pandemic. Following up on post-pandemic trends in substance use is crucial for developing prevention measures and targeted interventions.
Criteria and Guidelines for Returning to Running Following a Tibial Bone Stress Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: George Esther R. M. , Sheerin Kelly R. , Reid Duncan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTibial bone stress injuries (BSIs) are common among long-distance runners. They have a high recurrence rate, and complexity emerges in the wider management and successful return to running. Following a tibial BSI, a critical component of complete rehabilitation is the successful return to running, and there is a lack of consistency or strong evidence to guide this process. The objectives of this review were to outline the criteria used in clinical decision-making prior to resuming running, and to establish evidence-based guidelines for the return to running process following a tibial BSI. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and AMED were searched for studies that stated criteria or provided guidelines on the objectives above. Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Thirty-nine were reviews or clinical commentaries, three were retrospective cohort studies, two were randomised controlled trials, two were pilot studies, one was a prospective observational study, and three were case studies. Therefore, the recommendations that have been surmised are based on level IV evidence. Decisions on when an athlete should return to running should be shared between clinicians, coaches and the athlete. There are five important components to address prior to introducing running, which are: the resolution of bony tenderness, pain-free walking, evidence of radiological healing in high-risk BSIs, strength, functional and loading tests, and the identification of contributing factors. Effective return to running planning should address the athlete’s risk profile and manage the risk by balancing the athlete’s interests and reinjury prevention. An individualised graduated return to running programme should be initiated, often starting with walk-run intervals, progressing running distance ahead of speed and intensity, with symptom provocation a key consideration. Contributing factors to the initial injury should be addressed throughout the return to run process.
Carbody sway behaviour of railway vehicles due to track irregularity from rail alternate side wear
Authors: Wei Lai , Zeng Jing , Luo Ren , Gan Feng , Gong Jijun , Jiang Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Track irregularity from rail alternate side wear is manifested as uneven rail wear waveforms alternating in the left and right rails with equal intervals, which will cause carbody sway behaviour of railway vehicles and greatly influences the passenger comfort. In this work, the carbody sway behaviour and mechanism due to track irregularity from rail alternate side wear and possible solutions to this issue were studied by the field testing and numerical calculation approaches. First, the carbody sway of an urban rail transit train is introduced with full-scale field tests, through which the rail alternate side wear is characterized and the formatted track irregularity are presented. Then, multibody vehicle dynamic models are developed to reproduce the carbody sway behaviour induced by the track irregularity from the rail alternate side wear. The creep forces acting on the wheel and rail are preliminarily discussed to study the influence of the carbody sway on the wear of the wheel flange and the rail corner. Finally, some potential solutions, e.g. improving the damping ratio of carbody rigid mode and rail grinding, are proposed to relieve this issue. It is concluded that an increased damping ratio of the carbody mode can alleviate the carbody sway and wheel–rail interactions, while properly maintaining track conditions can improve the vehicle performance.
Proposal for optimizing number of servers in closed BCMP queueing network
Authors: Mizuno Shinya , Komiyama Yuki , Ohba Haruka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we use a closed BCMP queueing network model designed for multiple customer classes and servers to optimize the number of servers at each node. This optimization is achieved by setting an upper limit on the number of servers and using an objective function that combines the standard deviation of the average number of customers in the system with the server installation cost. We use a genetic algorithm with parallel computations for the optimization process. Our findings demonstrate that this approach is viable for closed BCMP network models that require extensive computational resources. The optimal server count is validated by comparing the optimization results with the maximum number of servers utilized. Node popularity is predetermined, and a gravity model is employed to generate transition probabilities, rendering the model applicable to real-world scenarios. Our optimization results indicate that both the node popularity and distance between nodes influence the server count. Furthermore, simulations were conducted to evaluate the effect of the number of servers on the optimization outcomes. Allowing variations in the node count, location, and popularity makes this study flexible and adaptable to various real-world scenarios, such as transportation systems, healthcare facilities, and commercial spaces. Moreover, by providing an efficient and scalable solution, this study serves as a cornerstone for future research in this field and offers a practical tool for facility managers aiming to minimize both congestion and operational costs.
Geist, Eros und Jugend
Authors: Kaulen Heinrich 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungWalter Benjamins Abhandlung »Das Leben der Studenten« (1914/15) stellt nicht nur ein aufschlussreiches Dokument der Jugendkulturbewegung, sondern auch einen wichtigen philosophischen Diskussionsbeitrag zur Idee und Aufgabe der Universität dar. In der Kritik der zeitgenössischen Hochschule entfaltet der erst 22 Jahre alte Student das Gegenkonzept einer künftigen Universität, die unter Abweisung aller heteronomen Funktionalisierungen ihre Bestimmung in radikaler und riskanter geistiger Arbeit findet. Diese Vision wurzelt in der strikten Dichotomie von Studium und Beruf, deren Ursprung im deutschen Bildungsidealismus um 1800 liegt, und in der auf Platon rekurrierenden Konzeption des schöpferischen Eros. Das Versprechen lautet, im Zeichen der Jugendbewegung die produktive Synthese von Geist, Eros und Jugend zu restituieren.Der Beitrag umreißt, nach einem Kommentar zu dieser wenig beachteten Arbeit (I.), den zeitgenössischen Kontext sowie die Grundlinien der Ideengeschichte zwischen Kant, Fichte und Nietzsche, auf die Benjamin mit seinem Konzept rekurriert (II.). Im Zentrum steht jedoch der von der Konstellationsforschung inspirierte kritische Vergleich mit den Universitätskonzepten, die zwischen 1917 und 1923 von Max Weber, Martin Heidegger und Karl Jaspers entwickelt worden sind (III.–V.) Zwar handelt es sich nicht um eine Debatte im eigentlichen Sinn. Dennoch erlaubt es die Rekonstruktion dieser ideengeschichtlichen Konstellation, die Widersprüche und Defizite, aber auch das Erkenntnispotenzial und die mögliche Aktualität von Benjamins Abhandlung vor einem erweiterten Horizont präzise greifbar zu machen.
Energy Community Resilience Improvement Through a Storage System
Authors: Mar Adriana , Pereira Pedro , Martins João F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnergy communities serve as vital stakeholders within contemporary power grids. Nevertheless, managing these communities presents formidable challenges, owing to the intricate nature of the task, the presence of uncertainties, and competing objectives. This paper aims to demonstrate the positive impact of incorporating a storage system into an energy community, ensuring the welfare of every community member during grid malfunctions. The research investigates two separate energy communities, considering both uncontrollable and controllable devices within individual households as consumption sources, in addition to power supply sources like PV systems installed in community residences, as well as power derived from the main grid or the storage system.
On singularity and the Stoics: why Stoicism offers a valuable approach to navigating the risks of AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Authors: Bolaños Guerra Bernardo , Morton Gutierrez Jorge Luis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe potential benefits and risks of artificial intelligence technologies have sparked a wide-ranging debate in both academic and public circles. On one hand, there is an urgent call to address the immediate and avoidable challenges associated with these tools, such as accountability, privacy, bias, understandability, and transparency; on the other hand, prominent figures like Geoffrey Hinton and Elon Musk have voiced concerns over the potential rise of Super Artificial Intelligence, whose singularity could pose an existential threat to humanity. Coordinating the efforts of thousands of decentralized entities to prevent such a hypothetical event may seem insurmountable in our intricate and multipolar world. Thus, drawing from both perspectives, this work suggests employing the tools and framework of Stoic philosophy, particularly the concept of the dichotomy of control—focusing on what is within our power. This Stoic principle offers a practical and epistemological approach to managing the complexities of AI, and it encourages individuals to organize their efforts around what they can influence while adapting to the constraints of external factors. Within this framework, the essay found that Stoic wisdom is essential for assessing risks, courage is necessary to face contemporary challenges, and temperance and tranquility are indispensable; and these lessons can inform ongoing public and academic discourse, aiding in the development of more effective policy proposals for aligning Narrow AI and General AI with human values.
Competing with autonomous model vehicles: a software stack for driving in smart city environments
Authors: Bächle Julius , Häringer Jakob , Köhler Noah , Özer Kadir-Kaan , Enzweiler Markus , Marchthaler Reiner 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article introduces an open-source software stack designed for autonomous 1:10 scale model vehicles. Initially developed for the Bosch Future Mobility Challenge (BFMC) student competition, this versatile software stack is applicable to a variety of autonomous driving competitions. The stack comprises perception, planning, and control modules, each essential for precise and reliable scene understanding in complex environments such as a miniature smart city in the context of BFMC. Given the limited computing power of model vehicles and the necessity for low-latency real-time applications, the stack is implemented in C++, employs YOLO Version 5 s for environmental perception, and leverages the state-of-the-art Robot Operating System (ROS) for inter-process communication. We believe that this article and the accompanying open-source software will be a valuable resource for future teams participating in autonomous driving student competitions. Our work can serve as a foundational tool for novice teams and a reference for more experienced participants. The code and data are publicly available on GitHub.
Many-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (MaOGOA): A New Many-Objective Optimization Technique for Solving Engineering Design Problems
Authors: Kalita Kanak , Jangir Pradeep , Čep Robert , Pandya Sundaram B. , Abualigah Laith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn metaheuristic multi-objective optimization, the term effectiveness is used to describe the performance of a metaheuristic algorithm in achieving two main goals—converging its solutions towards the Pareto front and ensuring these solutions are well-spread across the front. Achieving these objectives is particularly challenging in optimization problems with more than three objectives, known as many-objective optimization problems. Multi-objective algorithms often fall short in exerting adequate selection pressure towards the Pareto front in these scenarios and difficult to keep solutions evenly distributed, especially in cases with irregular Pareto fronts. In this study, the focus is on overcoming these challenges by developing an innovative and efficient a novel Many-Objective Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (MaOGOA). MaOGOA incorporates reference point, niche preserve and information feedback mechanism (IFM) for superior convergence and diversity. A comprehensive array of quality metrics is utilized to characterize the preferred attributes of Pareto Front approximations, focusing on convergence, uniformity and expansiveness diversity in terms of IGD, HV and RT metrics. It acknowledged that MaOGOA algorithm is efficient for many-objective optimization challenges. These findings confirm the approach effectiveness and competitive performance. The MaOGOA efficiency is thoroughly examined on WFG1-WFG9 benchmark problem with 5, 7 and 9 objectives and five real-world (RWMaOP1- RWMaOP5) problem, contrasting it with MaOSCA, MaOPSO, MOEA/DD, NSGA-III, KnEA, RvEA and GrEA algorithms. The findings demonstrate MaOGOA superior performance against these algorithms.
A Systematic Review of Wave Speed and Wave Intensity Measures in the Human Carotid Arteries
Authors: Neumann Sandra , Parker Kim H. , Hughes Alun D. , Biglino Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wave intensity and wave speed are measures used to assess the dynamic properties of the arteries and travelling waves within the circulation. Wave intensity and wave speed measured in the carotid artery have the potential to provide hemodynamic and biophysical insights that can advance our understanding of the physiology of cerebral circulation. However, whilst studies have been performed in different patient cohorts exploring different methodological implementations of wave intensity analysis (WIA), to date little work has been done to unify wave measures or provide reference ranges on which to build the field of research and inform clinical practice. This review thus focuses on wave speed and wave intensity in the carotid artery in man with the aim to summarise the current knowledge of the field. From this review, the different methods of measurement and the disparity of the reported values currently hinder efforts to construct reference ranges for a comparator or intervention to be assessed.
Attitudes of university students towards people with mental health disorders: a survey-based study
Authors: Omar Rukhsar Muhammad , Ahmed Sirwan Khalid , Haji Ramand Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan face significant challenges regarding mental disorders. Individuals with mental health disorders often conceal their conditions, particularly in certain cultural contexts, due to the negative attitudes they face. This study aims to explore the attitudes of university students towards individuals with mental health disorders.

Methods
A sample of 294 university students from five distinct colleges within a public university in the Kurdistan region of Iraq was selected to participate in an attitudinal survey. The participants were chosen using convenience sampling. The survey encompassed 34 items, which were categorized into six overarching conceptual sub-scales: benevolence, separatism, stereotyping, restrictiveness, pessimistic prediction, and stigmatization. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the gathered data.

Results
The findings indicate that the majority of participants held negative attitudes towards individuals with mental health disorder. Furthermore, the study identified statistically significant associations between socio-demographic variables and students’ attitudes across most of the subscales.

Conclusion
The study highlights the prevalence of negative attitudes towards individuals with mental health disorder among university students. It suggests the establishment of a psychological and guidance counseling center at the university to promote awareness about mental health disorder and provide guidance and training to mitigate its severity, similar to physical illnesses.
A novel model based on a transformer for intent detection and slot filling
Authors: Li Dapeng , Wang Shuliang , Zhao Boxiang , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Leixiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBuilding task-oriented dialogue systems has become a topic of interest in the research community and industry. The task-oriented dialogue system is a closed-domain dialogue system that can perform specific tasks for users. The natural language understanding module of a task-oriented dialogue system is crucial because it is related to a task-oriented dialogue system that provides correctional services for users. The natural language understanding module of a task-oriented dialogue system performs two tasks: intent detection and slot filling. The intent detection task can be regarded as a text classification task; a classification model is trained to predict the intention of the user from the user’s input information. The slot filling task can be regarded as a sequence analysis task; a sequence analysis model is trained to predict the details of the user’s intention. In this paper, we proposed a novel model based on a transformer encoder for intent detection and slot filling. It follows the encoder-decoder structure, including a vanilla Transformer encoder, a bidirectional LSTM encoder, a linear classification decoder for intent detection, and a conditional random field decoder for slot filling. The experimental results on two public datasets show that our proposed model outperforms the existing methods based on the Transformer and can be combined with BERT to achieve better intent detection and slot filling results.
The dilemma of coastal management: Exploitation or conservation?
Authors: Martínez M. Luisa , Silva Rodolfo , Pérez-Maqueo Octavio , Chávez Valeria , Mendoza-González Gabriela , Maximiliano-Cordova Carmelo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The real estate business on sandy coasts and coastal dunes has increased dramatically over the last decades because of the growing demands for leisure activities which, consequently, have yielded important economic gains. Such ravaging exploitation results in the replacement of sandy ecosystems with tourism-oriented settlements, infrastructure, and facilities. As the sandy beaches and coastal dunes become deteriorated or eliminated, their protective role is lost, and the hydrometeorological risks to which the increasing human coastal populations are exposed grow, especially in a climate change scenario with increasing storminess. Furthermore, when possible, the expansion of the tourism industry continues searching for new, unspoiled locations, and the cycle begins again. This situation leads to the dilemma of coastal management: should we continue with the over-exploitation of sandy coasts for growing economic benefits? Or should we preserve the coasts for protection against the impact of increasing storms and sea level rise and to benefit biodiversity? Although scientific evidence demonstrates the relevance of protecting the coasts, coastal development plans continue to ignore these findings. What are the key drivers for these trends? We first looked for scientific evidence of the appraisal of the esthetic beauty of the beach and coastal dunes, as highly important drivers of urbanization and coastal environmental change. We then looked for evidence that demonstrated how coastal dunes offer storm protection Finally, we examined if the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes can be compatible with non-intrusive tourism. In summary, through the literature review and our own data, we show how different alternatives may help achieve a more sustainable coastal tourism by combining economic necessities with environmental concerns.
Addressing the conflicts between climate-related renewable energy goals and environmental protection interests under the RED Directive
Authors: Montini Massimiliano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the contribution is to focus on the conflicts arising between climate-related renewable energy goals vis-a-vis environmental protection interests. To this effect, the analysis will firstly investigate the origin of such types of conflicts, which may also be named intra-environmental conflicts, and define their main characteristics; secondly, the regulatory choices made by the RED II and the RED III Directives to manage these conflicts will be presented and compared, with a particular focus on the three key features of the recently approved RED III Directive; thirdly, an alternative approach to address such types of conflicts will be proposed. This is based on the principle of integration, to be interpreted with an ecological sustainability reading of the principle of sustainable development.