bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Tongcun Molybdenum Deposit and Zhilingtou Gold‐Silver Deposit in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, and Its Geological Implications
Authors: Zeng Qingdong , Wang Yongbin , Zhang Song , Liu Jianming , Qin Kezhang , Yang Jinhui , Sun Weidong , Qu Wenjun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMesozoic ore deposits in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, are divided into the northwestern and southeastern Zhejiang metallogenic belts along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing Fault. The metal ore deposits found in these belts are epithermal Au–Ag deposits, hydrothermal‐vein Ag–Pb–Zn deposits, porphyry–skarn Mo (Fe) deposits, and vein‐type Mo deposits. There is a close spatial–temporal relationship between the Mesozoic ore deposits and Mesozoic volcanic–intrusive complexes. Zircon U–Pb dating of the ore‐related intrusive rocks and molybdenite Re–Os dating from two typical deposits (Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit) in the two metallogenic belts show the early and late Yanshanian ages for mineralization. SIMS U–Pb data of zircons from the Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit indicate that the host granitoids crystallized at 169.7 ± 9.7 Ma (2σ) and 113.6 ± 1 Ma (2σ), respectively. Re–Os analysis of six molybdenite samples from the Tongcun Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 163.9 ± 1.9 Ma (2σ). Re–Os analyses of five molybdenite samples from the porphyry Mo orebodies of the Zhilingtou Au‐Ag deposit yield an isochron age of 110.1 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ). Our results suggest that the metal mineralization in the Zhejiang Province, southeast China formed during at least two stages, i.e., Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, coeval with the granitic magmatism.
Pollen morphology of the Maddenia clade of Prunus and its taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
Authors: SHI Wenting , WEN Jun , LUTZ Susan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMaddenia (Rosaceae) was long recognized as a distinct genus closely related to Prunus and was recently merged with the latter. The Maddenia clade of Prunus has been revised taxonomically with four species from eastern Asia recognized. Recent molecular studies have provided evidence that this group is nested within Prunus, having a close relationship with the Padus–Laurocerasus complex. To further test the phylogenetic position of Maddenia, this study investigates pollen morphology of all former Maddenia species and 28 other Prunus species, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The Prunus species sampled here represent major subgenera: Amygdalus, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Padus, and Prunus s.s. We found that pollen grains of these groups are all monad and tricolporate with striate or rugulate sculpturing. The pollen evidence supports a close relationship between Maddenia and species of Padus and Laurocerasus subgroups (excluding the Pygeum group), all of which have elongated, thicker, and less directional muri. Pollen of the subgenera of Cerasus, Amygdalus, and Prunus has generally thinner, highly directional, and predominantly parallel muri. The pollen grains of the Pygeum subgroup are quite distinct from the other groups of Prunus. Pygeum pollen has rugulate exines with much shorter and rod‐shaped muri.
Warm springs reduce parasitism of the cereal leaf beetle through phenological mismatch
Authors: Evans E. W. , Carlile N. R. , Innes M. B. , Pitigala N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVariation in weather among years may affect biological control of insect pests by influencing how well matched in phenology specialist parasitoids are with their pest hosts. A 10‐year study in western North America (Utah) revealed greater change with warm versus cool springs in the life cycle timing of the cereal leaf beetle (CLB), Oulema melanopus (L.), than of its principal enemy, the parasitoid wasp Tetrastichus julis (Walker). The beetle laid eggs, and larval populations developed in crop fields earlier on a calendar‐day basis, but nonetheless after more degree‐days had accumulated, in warmer than in cooler springs. The phenology of parasitism by wasps, in contrast, varied little among springs in relation to accumulated degree‐days. Consequently, in warmer springs, larval phenology of the CLB was delayed relative to adult parasitoid activity, and parasitism was reduced. Presently, a significant degree of biological control of the CLB results from parasitism by T. julis. By promoting phenological mismatch between host and parasitoid, however, a warming climate could weaken this biological control of the insect pest.
Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk‐reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the Rhine
Authors: Becker G. , Aerts J.C.J.H. , Huitema D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA survey of German public officials responsible for municipal flood management along the Rhine has been carried out to assess their perceptions of flood risk and protective behaviour. A sociopsychological framework based on expectancy‐valence models was used to develop an overview of potentially important factors in prompting action to avoid flood damage. The applied framework was confirmed as a useful tool to get more insight into the risk‐reducing processes in the public‐sector sphere. The study delivers valuable guidance on those factors, which should be given more attention in order to improve the level of preparedness and to reduce flood losses.
Trace element composition of continentally subducted slab‐derived melt: insight from multiphase solid inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen
Authors: Gao X.‐Y. , Zheng Y.‐F. , Chen Y.‐X. , Hu Z. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite in the Dabie orogen preserves petrological evidence for the existence of hydrous silicate melts that formed during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. This is indicated by occurrence of multiphase solid (MS) inclusions in garnet that primarily consist of K‐feldspar + quartz ± epidote/allanite. All the MS inclusions are euhedral to subhedral in morphology and surrounded with radial cracks in the host garnet. Their trace element compositions were analysed by two different approaches of laser sampling. The mass budget method was used to estimate the trace element abundances of MS inclusions from their mixtures with the host garnet. The results are compared with the direct sampling of MS inclusions, providing a first‐order approximation to the trace element composition of MS inclusions. The MS inclusions exhibit consistent enrichment of LILE, Sr and Pb, but depletion of HFSE in the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram. Such arc‐like patterns of trace element distribution are common for continental crustal rocks. The melts have variably high K, Rb and Sr abundances, suggesting that breakdown of phengite is a basic cause for partial melting of the UHP eclogite. These MS inclusions also exhibit consistently low HFSE and Y contents, suggesting partial melting of the eclogite in the stability fields of rutile and garnet. Consequently, the trace element composition of MS inclusions provides a proxy for that of hydrous silicate melts derived from dehydration melting of the UHP eclogite during continental collision.
Noninvasive assessment of the iridial microcirculation in rats using sidestream dark field imaging
Authors: CERNY V. , ZHOU J. , KELLY M. , ALOTIBI I. , TUREK Z. , WHYNOT S. , SALEH I. ABDO , LEHMANN C. 
Published: December 2012

SummarySidestream dark field imaging represents a novel, noninvasive method to study the microcirculation in humans and animals. To‐date, it has been used extensively in various peripheral tissues (e.g. sublingual area, intestinal mucosa), however no data for the ocular vasculature, including the iridial microcirculation, are currently available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the reliability and reproducibility of sidestream dark field imaging within the iridial microcirculation in experimental animals. Male Lewis rats were anaesthetized and the iris microvasculature was observed using an sidestream dark field probe gently placed against a cover slip covering the right eye. All video sequences recorded were analysed off‐line by using AVA 3.0 software (MicroVision Medical, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Results are expressed as mean (±SE) or median (interquartile range). Clear images were recorded from each animal and the total number of analysable video sequences was 50. All raw data for selected vessel density parameters passed normality test. The total all and small vessel density (in mm mm‐2) were 22,6 (±0,58) and 19,6 (±0,68), respectively. The perfused all and small vessel density were 20,9 (±0,61) and 19,1 (±0,65), respectively. The mean values of all iris vessel density parameters are shown in Figure 4. The DeBacker Score (n/mm) was 15,2 (±0,45), the proportion of perfused vessel was 94,5% (89,8–99,1%), and the MFI was 3 points (3–3). Taken together, these results indicate that SDF imaging provides a reliable and noninvasive method to examine the iridial microvascular bed in vivo and, thus, may provide unique opportunities for the study of the iridial vascular network in various experimental and clinical settings and disease models.Vessel Density. TAVD = Total all vessel density; PAVD = Perfused all vessel density; TSVD = Total small vessel density; PSVD = Perfused small vessel density. Data are shown as a mean (±SE), small vessels are referred to diameter ≤ 25 um.image
Journal Impact as a Diffusion Process: A Conceptualization and the Case of the Journal of Management Studies
Authors: Simsek Zeki , Heavey Ciaran , Jansen Justin J. P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhile the question of what makes a journal impactful continues to draw scholarly attention and debate, the lack of conceptual foundation as to what journal impact represents, and how it manifests itself, has impeded efforts to establish a richer understanding. Drawing from the theory of innovation diffusion, we propose journal impact as a multidimensional concept manifested most prominently in the magnitude, prestige, breadth, dispersion, and duration dynamics of citations accruing to a journal. In doing so, we complement extant representations of journal impact as a unidimensional concept with insights into the pattern and profile of a journal impact across space and time. We illustrate the multidimensionality of journal impact as a diffusion process in a longitudinal analysis of citation patterns at the Journal of Management Studies over a 40‐year period.
Epithelial and stromal syndecan‐1 and ‐2 are distinctly expressed in oral‐ and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Ahmed Haji Omar Abdirisak , Haglund Caj , Virolainen Susanna , Häyry Valtteri , Atula Timo , Kontio Risto , Rihtniemi Jarmo , Pihakari Antti , Salo Tuula , Hagström Jaana , Sorsa Timo 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are epithelial neoplasms of which OSCC has worse survival and higher risk of metastasis than CSCC. The aim of this study was to explore the differences of immunoexpressions between syndecan‐1 and ‐2 in OSCC and head and neck CSCC.MethodsA total of 35 patients diagnosed with OSCC and 25 with CSCC, presented T1 and T2 tumors and treated at Helsinki University Central Hospital between years 2001 and 2009, were selected into this study. The levels and locations of syndecan‐1 and ‐2 immunostainings were analyzed using formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of OSCC and CSCC cases together with clinical data.ResultsCell membrane epithelial syndecan‐1 expression decreased significantly compared to normal tissue in both cancer types. Cell membrane syndecan‐1 expression in the invasive front had negative correlation with invasion depth of both tumors (OSCC, r = −0.339, P = 0.025; CSCC, r = −0.469, P = 0.004). In cancers over 4‐mm invasion depth, the number of stromal syndecan‐1‐positive collagen fibers and inflammatory cells were higher in OSCC than in CSCC. Syndecan‐2 expression in non‐malignant stroma was higher in CSCC than in OSCC tumors. In addition, unlike syndecan‐1, syndecan‐2 was more often and more intensively expressed in the tumor inflammatory cells in CSCC than in OSCC.ConclusionOur results suggest that variable stromal expression of syndecan‐1 and ‐2 in OSCC compared to CSCC may at least partially explain the differences in their clinical behavior.
Procedural pain in neonates in Australian hospitals: A survey update of practices
Authors: Foster Jann , Spence Kaye , Henderson‐Smart David , Harrison Denise , Gray Peter H , Bidewell John 
Published: December 2012

AimThe study aims to determine whether there has been improved uptake of the evidence for the management of procedural pain in neonates throughout Australia.MethodsAn Australian‐wide survey was undertaken to determine the use of breastfeeding and sucrose and whether a clinical practice guideline (CPG) or pain assessment tool was used.ResultsData were available from 196 (91%) of the 215 eligible hospitals. A CPG informed the management of neonatal pain in 76 (39%) of the hospitals. There was wide variation in their use between the states, and a significantly higher use of a CPG in higher‐level care units. A pain assessment tool was only used in 21 (11%) of the units with greater use in the higher level care neonatal intensive care units (50%) and surgical neonatal intensive care units (80%). Awareness of breastfeeding for procedural pain was reported by 90% of the 196 respondents while 78% reported that it was actually used. Awareness of sucrose for procedural pain was lower than breastfeeding at 79%, with 53% reporting that they used sucrose in their unit. Overall, 89% of the respondents reported that either breastfeeding or sucrose was used for the management of procedural pain in their units.ConclusionThere has been an increase in awareness and use of sucrose and breastfeeding for procedural pain in Australia since previous surveys were undertaken in 2004. Continued resources, local pain champions and a national interest group to promote the use of pain management for procedural pain in neonates are needed for continued uptake of the evidence.
Isolates of Didymella bryoniae from South Carolina Remain Sensitive to DMI Fungicides Despite Multiyear Exposure
Authors: Keinath Anthony P , Hansen Zachariah R 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTriazole fungicides, which are sterol demethylation inhibitors, have become the primary systemic fungicides applied to cucurbits to control gummy stem blight caused by Didymella bryoniae. Isolates of D. bryoniae from South Carolina that were never exposed to tebuconazole or exposed for several years were tested for sensitivity to tebuconazole and difenoconazole. Colony diameters, percentage germination of ascospores and conidia, and germ tube lengths were measured when isolates were grown on agar amended with 0.10–10.0 mg/l tebuconazole and 0.01–1.0 mg/l difenoconazole. All 147 isolates tested were sensitive to tebuconazole and difenoconazole with mean EC50 values of 0.41 and 0.054 mg/l, respectively. Ascospore germination was greater than conidia germination on fungicide‐amended agar. Although the length of germ tubes arising from both spore types was reduced by both fungicides, the reduction was greater for ascospore germ tubes than for conidia germ tubes. Because many watermelon growers rotate crops among fields every two years, local populations of D. bryoniae have not been exposed repeatedly to tebuconazole. In addition, growers often apply a rotation of systemic and contact fungicides. Thus, despite exposure to tebuconazole for up to nine years, isolates of D. bryoniae from South Carolina remain sensitive to triazole fungicides.
Individual‐based approach to the detection of disturbance history through spatial scales in a natural beech‐dominated forest
Authors: Šamonil Pavel , Doleželová Petra , Vašíčková Ivana , Adam Dušan , Valtera Martin , Král Kamil , Janík David , Šebková Barbora 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestionWe connected tree‐census and dendrochronological research data (74.2 ha) in order to answer the following questions: How do we apply an individual‐based approach, which allows us to abandon the traditional patch model, in the research of disturbance history through spatial scales? What is the disturbance history of the natural forest? How do we understand the influence of the Kyrill storm, which affected the reserve on 18 January 2007? How does the disturbance history in dendrochronological records correspond to real disturbances?LocationŽofínský Prales (48 °40′ N, 14 °42′ E, 735–830 m a.s.l., granite, Czech Republic)MethodsRepeated tree‐censuses (>20 000 trees) were carried out in 1975, 1997 and 2008. These surveys served as the basis of dendrochronological research, during which 3 020 trees were sampled. A boundary line (BL) approach and geostatistical techniques were used to detect disturbance intensity and its spatial pattern.ResultsThe mean disturbance rate was 11.0% canopy loss per decade (maximum 33.7%) in the core zone. Bordering forests were directly affected by humans after 1800. A maximum of nine disturbance events were recorded per tree, but there were also 3% of non‐suppressed trees without records of disturbance events. The Kyrill storm represented a singular event in the forest history from the point of view of its exceptional spatial pattern (ranges up to 320.0 m), but not from the perspective of disturbance intensity. The relationship between disturbance intensity (y) and the range of spatial autocorrelation (x) can be explained by the equation y = 10.6863 + 0.0783*x (R2 = 0.546, P = 0.009). The spatial variability of releases ≥50% of BL corresponds to real disturbance events, while the insertion of weak releases led to the overestimation of range. The frequency of releases was affected by a decrease in air pollution at the beginning of the 1990s.ConclusionsEffects of small‐scale disturbances predominate in forest dynamics. Disturbance intensity was often not directly in accordance with the range of spatial autocorrelation. The ecological role of disturbance is therefore biased if disturbance intensity is used as the sole criterion. The results suggest the importance of historical and geographical contingency in ecosystem development.
Phylogeographical patterns shed light on evolutionary process in South America
Authors: Turchetto‐Zolet A. C. , Pinheiro F. , Salgueiro F. , Palma‐Silva C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe South American continent is composed of several biogeographical regions harbouring the highest biodiversity on the globe, encompassing five of the world's biodiversity ‘hot spots’. Nonetheless, the patterns and processes responsible for shaping its astonishing species diversity are largely unknown. Here, we present a review of current South American phylogeographical knowledge based on published articles on this topic. An appraisal of the literature reveals emerging phylogeographical patterns in the biota of South America. The striking phylogeographical divergence observed among organism lineages in South American studies is suggestive of high levels of undocumented species diversity. The interplay between Pleistocene climatic oscillations and Pliocene/Miocene orogenic events has contributed to shaping the current diversity and distribution of modern lineages in both the tropical and temperate regions of South America. Although older divergence times were observed for a range of species, most herpetofauna underwent an intraspecific lineage split much earlier than other organisms. The geographical ranges of species associated with forest habitats were reduced mainly during glacial cycles, whereas species associated with open vegetation domains have shown variable responses to climatic oscillations. The results suggest a highly complex mosaic of phylogeographical patterns in South America. We suggest future research directions to promote a better understanding of the origin and maintenance of the South American biota.
Comparative transcriptomics with a motility‐deficient mutant leads to identification of a novel polysaccharide secretion system in Nostoc punctiforme
Authors: Risser Douglas D. , Meeks John C. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMany filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility by an undefined mechanism. Within the heterocyst‐forming clades, some strains, such as the Nostoc spp. and Fisherella spp., are motile only as specialized filaments termed hormogonia. Here we report on the phenotype of inactivation of a methyl‐accepting chemotaxis‐like protein in Nostoc punctiforme, designated HmpD. The gene hmpD was found to be essential for hormogonium development, motility and polysaccharide secretion. Comparative global transcriptional profiling of the ΔhmpD strain demonstrated that HmpD has a profound effect on the transcriptional programme of hormogonium development, influencing approximately half of the genes differentially transcribed during differentiation. Utilizing this transcriptomic data, we identified a gene locus, designated here as hps, that appears to encode for a novel polysaccharide secretion system. Transcripts for the genes in the hps locus are upregulated in two steps, with the second step dependent on HmpD. Deletion of hpsA, hpsBCD or hpsEFG resulted in the complete loss of motility and polysaccharide secretion, similar to deletion of hmpD. Genes in the hps locus are highly conserved in the filamentous cyanobacteria, but generally absent in unicellular strains, implying a common mechanism of motility unique to the filamentous cyanobacteria.
Glucose and lactose as cryoprotectants for fungal strains immobilised in sodium alginate: an emphasis on the conservation of the zygomycetes Rhizopus and Mucor
Authors: Rocha Marcos F. G. , Lima Daniel T. , Brilhante Raimunda S. N. , Cordeiro Rossana A. , Monteiro André J. , Teixeira Carlos E. C. , Ribeiro Joyce F. , Castelo‐Branco Débora S. C. M. , Sidrim José J. C. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis research aimed at investigating the cryoprotectant action of glucose and lactose on strains of Malassezia spp. and zygomycetes immobilised in sodium alginate. Twelve strains of Malassezia spp. (nine M. furfur, two M. globosa and one M. sympodialis) and 12 zygomycetes (five Rhizopus oryzae and seven Mucor hiemales) were immobilised in sodium alginate, within plastic beads, maintained in appropriate media containing glucose and lactose at concentrations of 9% and 23% and preserved at temperatures of −20 and −80 °C. Strain viability was evaluated from 15 to 270 days of storage, through the observation of macro–micromorphologic characteristics. The Malassezia spp. strains were only viable until 90 days of storage, whereas for zygomycetes, viable strains were observed until after 270 days of storage at −80 °C, in the media containing 23% glucose or lactose. The use of 23% glucose or lactose at −80 °C in a sodium alginate cell immobilisation system is efficient for cryopreserving zygomycetes. This research creates perspectives for the use of glucose and lactose in sodium alginate cell immobilisation systems for the preservation of fungi with low viability.
Melioidosis and the kidney
Authors: Jabbar Zulfikar , Currie Bart J 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMelioidosis, caused by the saprophytic soil and freshwater Gram‐negative aerobic bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is classically characterized by pneumonia, sometimes with multiple organ abscesses, usually in patients with defined risk factors and with a mortality rate of up to 40%. It is a major cause of community‐acquired sepsis in Southeast Asia and tropical northern Australia with an expanding global geographical distribution. It is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic infectious disease of importance to physicians, who may need to suspect it in at‐risk patients that may come from or visit endemic areas, and could be fatal if treated late or inappropriately. Mortality could be prevented by early institution of specific antimicrobial therapy. Epidemiology, clinical features, overall management, and aspects of melioidosis particularly relevant to kidney disease and immunosuppression are discussed in this review.