bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adults in Administrative Quagmire: A Scoping Review of Policy and Program Coordination Across Six Marginalized Older Adult Populations
Authors: Marier Patrik , Joy Meghan , Smele Sandra , Zakaria Rym , Beauchamp Julie , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie , Lupien Pierre-Luc , Sussman Tamara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Coordination of governmental action is crowded with policies and programs that are highly interdependent, sometimes operating in silos if not contradicting each other. These dilemmas, or administrative quagmires, are heightened for older adults in general, but they are particularly problematic for marginalized older adults because these groups often require public assistance and support. This scoping review studies the coordination of governmental action on aging published in social science journals, focusing on 6 groups of marginalized older adults: those with histories of immigration, individuals with severe mental health problems, those who have had experiences of homelessness, formerly incarcerated individuals, members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, and individuals living in a rural area.

Research Design and Methods
A 5-stage scoping review methodology was followed, and 53 articles (published between 2000 and 2022) from 5 social science databases were analyzed.

Results
The analysis revealed a limited number of contributions with coordination as a primary focus. Understandings of coordination varied but tended to examine structure, organization, and relationships between sectors. When coordination was the primary object of a study, it was often analyzed in 1 specific policy area or within a clinical setting along the lines of facilitating care coordination.

Discussion and Implications
This scoping review reveals a mutual neglect on the part of public administration and policy scholars toward marginalized older adults and a lack of public administration considerations on the part of scholars studying long-term care and social service programs for these marginalized older adults.
The effects of SNAP emergency allotments on state-level SNAP benefits and enrollment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Steffen David R , Kim David D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, all US states provided emergency allotments (EA) to enrollees of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to alleviate rising food insecurity. However, 18 states opted out of the SNAP-EA program before its official expiration in February 2023. Using a staggered difference-in-differences model to account for state-level variation in the timing of the SNAP-EA opt-out decisions, we analyzed SNAP and SNAP-EA data from the US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service to quantify the impact of state opt-out decisions on SNAP benefit size and enrollment. We found that the average SNAP monthly benefit among 18 SNAP opt-out states was reduced by $183 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$214, −$152) per beneficiary. The percentage of the state population enrolled in the SNAP program among the opt-out states modestly decreased by 0.35 (95% CI: −0.61, −0.10) percentage points. Additionally, we employed logistic regression models to associate state opt-out decisions with state-level characteristics. We found that the state governor's political party being Republican was the only significant predictor for the state's opt-out decisions. Our findings help explain why opting out of SNAP-EA has been associated with higher food insufficiency and shed light on the impact of political decisions to opt out of SNAP-EA on the lives of millions of Americans.
Advancing artificial intelligence in fisheries requires novel cross-sector collaborations
Authors: Wing Kate , Woodward Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence, or AI, has the potential to dramatically improve our understanding and management of the ocean. For fisheries, these benefits could include greater monitoring coverage at lower costs, improved estimates of catch and bycatch, identification of illegal fishing, and seafood traceability throughout the supply chain. However, fisheries AI innovation and adoption faces substantial barriers from the highly regulated nature of fisheries and the complex overlap of government policies, diverse user needs, and market pressures. We argue that needed advances in fisheries AI require novel collaborations to share data and methods, encourage new and diverse entrants to the field, and increase baseline technical literacy across the global fisheries community. Unlocking fisheries data to power AI, particularly image data, can only be achieved through partnerships across government managers, AI developers, fishers and vessel owners, and technology service providers, which, in turn, requires a common vocabulary for policy and technical concepts. With a greater shared understanding across the field, fisheries AI providers can deliver desired results, and users can have confidence that systems are performing as advertised, ultimately meeting monitoring demand and sustainability goals.
Computable error bounds for quasi-Monte Carlo using points with non-negative local discrepancy
Authors: Gnewuch Michael , Kritzer Peter , Owen Art B , Pan Zexin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Let $f:[0,1]^{d}\to{\mathbb{R}}$ be a completely monotone integrand as defined by Aistleitner and Dick (2015, Acta Arithmetica, 167, 143–171) and let points $\boldsymbol{x}_{0},\dots ,\boldsymbol{x}_{n-1}\in [0,1]^{d}$ have a non-negative local discrepancy (NNLD) everywhere in $[0,1]^{d}$. We show how to use these properties to get a non-asymptotic and computable upper bound for the integral of $f$ over $[0,1]^{d}$. An analogous non-positive local discrepancy property provides a computable lower bound. It has been known since Gabai (1967, Illinois J. Math., 11, 1–12) that the two-dimensional Hammersley points in any base $b\geqslant 2$ have NNLD. Using the probabilistic notion of associated random variables, we generalize Gabai’s finding to digital nets in any base $b\geqslant 2$ and any dimension $d\geqslant 1$ when the generator matrices are permutation matrices. We show that permutation matrices cannot attain the best values of the digital net quality parameter when $d\geqslant 3$. As a consequence the computable absolutely sure bounds we provide come with less accurate estimates than the usual digital net estimates do in high dimensions. We are also able to construct high-dimensional rank one lattice rules that are NNLD. We show that those lattices do not have good discrepancy properties: any lattice rule with the NNLD property in dimension $d\geqslant 2$ either fails to be projection regular or has all its points on the main diagonal. Complete monotonicity is a very strict requirement that for some integrands can be mitigated via a control variate.
A Trace Map on Higher Scissors Congruence Groups
Authors: Bohmann Anna Marie , Gerhardt Teena , Malkiewich Cary , Merling Mona , Zakharevich Inna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cut-and-paste $K$-theory has recently emerged as an important variant of higher algebraic $K$-theory. However, many of the powerful tools used to study classical higher algebraic $K$-theory do not yet have analogues in the cut-and-paste setting. In particular, there does not yet exist a sensible notion of the Dennis trace for cut-and-paste $K$-theory. In this paper we address the particular case of the $K$-theory of polyhedra, also called scissors congruence $K$-theory. We introduce an explicit, computable trace map from the higher scissors congruence groups to group homology, and use this trace to prove the existence of some nonzero classes in the higher scissors congruence groups. We also show that the $K$-theory of polyhedra is a homotopy orbit spectrum. This fits into Thomason’s general framework of $K$-theory commuting with homotopy colimits, but we give a self-contained proof. We then use this result to re-interpret the trace map as a partial inverse to the map that commutes homotopy orbits with algebraic $K$-theory.
A Rapid Molecular Detection Tool for Toxigenic M1UK Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Brouwer Stephan , Das Swairindhree , Hayes Andrew J , Bertolla Olivia M , Davies Mark R , Walker Mark J , Whiley David M , Irwin Adam D , Tickner Jacob A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The gradual replacement of the Streptococcus pyogenes M1global genotype by a newly emergent M1UK variant is a global public health threat warranting increased surveillance. M1UK differs from progenitor M1global genotype by 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and is characterized by increased speA superantigen expression in vitro.

Methods
An allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for the rapid detection of M1UK strains. The assay was used in combination with whole genome sequencing to determine emm (sub)type distribution for 51 invasive (n = 9) and noninvasive (n = 42) S pyogenes clinical isolates.

Results
Emm1 was the most prevalent S pyogenes emm serotype (n = 11) in this set of clinical isolates, with M1UK being the dominant emm1 genotype (4/5 invasive, 3/6 noninvasive isolates). The assay accurately detected M1UK strains. Whole genome sequencing revealed continued presence of Australian M1UK sublineages associated with epidemic scarlet fever–causing S pyogenes in Asia.

Conclusions
Our study establishes a suitable target for detection of the toxigenic M1UK and confirms the maintenance of M1UK strains in Queensland, Australia. This assay can be deployed in laboratories and provides a valuable, cost-effective tool to enhance surveillance of the expanding M1UK clone.
Phylogeny and diversification analyses of extant planthopper families (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) based on a mitochondrial dataset reveal ancient lineages originating during the Jurassic and originally feeding on gymnosperms
Authors: Ai Deqiang , Bourgoin Thierry , Bucher Manon , Hu Yanhua , Zhang Yalin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of planthoppers were conducted using a mitogenome dataset to examine the evolutionary relationships of current families based on both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference methods. Delphacoidea, including Cixiidae and Delphacidae, and Fulgoroidea, including all other families, were consistently identified as monophyletic groups. However, Nogodinidae displayed a polyphyletic pattern, with various lineages emerging sister to several issidoid families. Variations were observed across different analyses in the positioning of (Dictyopharidae + Fulgoridae) and the relationships of Ricaniidae sister either to Issidae or to (Flatidae + Acanaloniidae). Several statistical tests indicate that the ML topology has the highest level of statistical confidence. The (Dictyopharidae + Fulgoridae) clade is best positioned as sister to (Derbidae + (Achilidae + (Tropiduchidae + other “higher” planthoppers families))) and the Ricaniidae as sister to (Flatidae + Acanaloniidae). With 13 fossil calibration points, origin times for Delphacoidea and Fulgoroidea were dated back to the Late Permian, approximately 257.46 million years ago. Delphacidae and Cixiidae split during the Late Triassic, while Fulgoroidea diversified earlier during the Middle Triassic. Divergence and diversification times are also provided for all other extant planthopper families. These results suggest that Delphacoidea and Fulgoroidea likely diverged from the older planthopper fossil families prior to the emergence of angiosperms and may have initially fed on gymnosperms and ancient ferns. The diversification of extant planthopper families occurred during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, influenced by evolving climatic conditions, the decline in gymnosperms, and the increasing diversity of angiosperm plants.
Implementing virtual desktops for clinical research at an academic health center: a case report
Authors: Zai Adrian H , Wong Steven , Guilarte-Walker Yurima , Langlois Paul , Coleman Brian , Soni Apurv , McManus David D , Luzuriaga Katherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To address the challenges of sharing clinical research data through the implementation of cloud-based virtual desktops, enhancing collaboration among researchers while maintaining data security.

Materials and Methods
This case study details the deployment of virtual desktops at UMass Chan Medical School (UMass Chan). The process involved forming a Research Informatics Steering Executive workgroup, identifying key requirements, implementing Amazon WorkSpaces, and establishing configurable data management for research support.

Results
Key lessons include the significance of collaboration, balancing user-friendliness and functionality, flexibility in data management, maximizing virtual desktop efficiency within budget constraints, and continuous user feedback. The implementation of virtual desktops supports secure collaborative research, advancing medical knowledge and improving healthcare outcomes.

Discussion
The structured approach to implementing virtual desktops addresses data security, regulatory compliance, and real-time collaboration challenges. Continuous feedback and iterative improvements have enhanced the system’s effectiveness.

Conclusion
The successful implementation of virtual desktops at UMass Chan demonstrates the potential for such systems to support secure, collaborative research, offering insights for similar initiatives in other academic health centers.
Bromazolam in impaired driving investigations
Authors: Bierly Jolene J , Papsun Donna M , Logan Barry K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The designer benzodiazepine bromazolam is increasingly encountered in forensic casework, including impaired driving investigations. A series of suspected impaired driving cases that tested positive for bromazolam are described herein along with information about driving performance, driver appearance, and observed behavior. Bromazolam was indicated in casework either through screening by liquid chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (LC–TOF-MS) and/or a positive benzodiazepine immunoassay screen. Blood samples were forwarded for quantitative confirmatory analysis using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) method with a reporting limit of 2.0 ng/mL. Bromazolam was reported in 98 impaired driving cases from samples reported between January 2021 and December 2023, with the earliest detection from September 2020. Mean and median blood concentrations were 125 ± 145 and 84 ng/mL respectively, with a range of 4.2–990 ng/mL. Additional positive findings were reported in almost all cases, with the highest result (990 ng/mL) being the only case in which bromazolam was the only finding. Fentanyl was the most frequent drug found in combination with bromazolam. Driving behaviors reported in these cases included erratic driving, errors in Standardized Field Sobriety Tests, and symptoms consistent with central nervous system depressants, including slurred speech, incoordination, and lethargic behavior. Based on its prevalence and demonstrated impairing effects, bromazolam should be included in the scope of impaired driving testing as long as it continues to be prevalent in the drug supply.
A traumatic arteriovenous fistula causing venous insufficiency
Authors: Shelton John , Marasinghe Amanthana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chronic leg ulcers are one of the clinical manifestations of untreated traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Ulcers due to secondary venous etiology like AVF are rare and easily missed. We present the case of a 31-year-old male who sustained a gunshot injury to the knee 12 years ago. Despite the absence of varicose veins, he presented with a neglected venous ulcer persisting for 2 years. A computed tomographic venogram revealed an AVF in the supra-genicular popliteal artery and vein. The patient subsequently underwent open surgical correction. Complete ulcer healing was achieved in 6 months. This case underscores the potential for a high-flow post-traumatic AVF to induce a non-healing venous ulcer even in the absence of apparent varicose veins. Secondary causes of chronic venous diseases are often overlooked, leading to complications. Early recognition is crucial to preventing further morbidity.
Antiretroviral Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk in People With HIV in the United States—An Updated Analysis
Authors: Parra-Rodriguez Luis , Sahrmann John M , Butler Anne M , Olsen Margaret A , Powderly William G , O’Halloran Jane A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Several antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but less is known about the safety of modern ART. We sought to compare the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) among different ART regimens.

Methods
Using insurance claims databases from 2008 to 2020, we identified adults aged &lt;65 years who newly initiated ART. We compared non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens to protease inhibitors (PI)- and integrase inhibitors (INSTI)-based regimens. We used propensity score-weighted Kaplan-Meier functions to estimate the 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 months’ risk and risk differences (RD) of MACE.

Results
Among 37 935 ART initiators (median age, 40 years; 23% female; 26% Medicaid-insured), 45% started INSTI-, 16% PI-, and 39% NNRTI-based regimens. MACE occurred in 418 individuals (1.1%) within 48 months after ART initiation. Compared to NNRTI initiators, the risk of MACE was higher at 12 months (RD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.14–0.99), 18 months (RD, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.11–1.06), and 24 months (RD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.04–1.29) for PI initiators, and at 12 (RD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.03–0.37) and 18 months (RD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.06–0.54) for INSTI initiators; the precision of estimates was limited for longer duration of follow-up.

Conclusions
Among ART initiators, PI-based and INSTI-based regimens were associated with higher short-term risk of MACE compared to NNRTI-based regimens. The pattern of association between INSTIs and PIs with excess risk of MACE was similar.
Evaluation of the Tuberculosis Infection Care Cascade Among Pregnant Individuals in a Low-Tuberculosis-Burden Setting
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey I , Lavache Dorine , Garing Ariane , Sabharwal Vishakha , Haberer Jessica E , Dubois Melanie , Jenkins Helen E , Brooks Meredith B , Joseph Naima T , Kissler Katherine , Horsburgh C Robert , Jacobson Karen R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the United States, tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for pregnant individuals with TB risk factors. We conducted a retrospective study of perinatal TB infection testing and treatment in a tertiary health system. Of 165 pregnant individuals with positive TB infection tests, only 9% completed treatment within 4.6 years of follow-up.
Leaf Gas Film 1 promotes glycerol ester accumulation and formation of a tight root barrier to radial O2 loss in rice
Authors: Jiménez Juan de la Cruz , Noorrohmah Siti , Suresh Kiran , Zeisler-Diehl Viktoria V , Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Herzog Max , Pellegrini Elisa , Nagai Keisuke , Ashikari Motoyuki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Pedersen Ole , Schreiber Lukas , Nakazono Mikio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and many other wetland plants form an apoplastic barrier in the outer parts of the roots to restrict radial O2 loss to the rhizosphere during soil flooding. This barrier facilitates longitudinal internal O2 diffusion via gas-filled tissues from shoot to root apices, enabling root growth in anoxic soils. We tested the hypothesis that Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1), which influences leaf hydrophobicity in rice, plays a crucial role in tight outer apoplastic barrier formation in rice roots. We examined the roots of a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) lacking functional LGF1, its wild type, and an LGF1 overexpression line for their capacity to develop outer apoplastic barriers that restrict radial O2 loss. We quantified the chemical composition of the outer part of the root and measured radial O2 diffusion from intact roots. The drp7 mutant exhibited a weak barrier to radial O2 loss compared to the wild type. However, introducing functional LGF1 into the mutant fully restored tight barrier function. The formation of a tight barrier to radial O2 loss was associated with increased glycerol ester levels in exodermal cells, rather than differences in total root suberization or lignification. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in leaf hydrophobicity regulation, LGF1 plays an important role in controlling the function of the outer apoplastic barriers in roots. Our study suggests that increased deposition of glycerol esters in the suberized root exodermis establishes a tight barrier to radial O2 loss in rice roots.
Referring wisely: knowing when and how to make subspecialty consultations in hospital medicine
Authors: Ng Isaac K S , Lim Shir Lynn , Teo Kevin S H , Goh Wilson G W , Thong Christopher , Lee Joanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Subspecialty consultations are becoming highly prevalent in hospital medicine, due to an ageing population with multimorbid conditions and increasingly complex care needs, as well as medicolegal fears that lead to widespread defensive medical practices. Although timely subspecialty consultations in the appropriate clinical context have been found to improve clinical outcomes, there remains a significant proportion of specialty referrals in hospital medicine which are inappropriate, excessive, or do not add value to patient care. In this article, we sought to provide an overview of the common problems pertaining to excessive quantity and suboptimal quality of inpatient subspecialty consultations made in real-world practice and highlight their implications for healthcare financing and patient care. In addition, we discuss the underlying contributing factors that predispose to inappropriate use of the specialist referral system. Finally, we offer a practical, multitiered approach to help rationalize subspecialty consultations, through (i) a systematic model (‘WISE’ template) for individual referral-making, (ii) development of standardized healthcare institutional referral guidelines with routine clinical audits for quality control, (iii) adopting an integrated generalist care model, and (iv) incorporating training on effective referral-making in medical education.