bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive MRI and multilineage differentiation capability of ferritin‐transduced human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Hoe Suk , Woo Jisu , Choi YoonSeok , Hwang Eun Hye , Choi Sul Ki , Cho Kyoung‐Won , Moon Woo Kyung 
Published: December 2014

Molecular imaging can be a breakthrough tool for the investigation of the behavior and ultimate feasibility of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) inside the body, and for the development of guidelines and recommendations based on the treatment and evaluation of stem cell therapy for patients. The goals of this study were to evaluate the multilineage differentiation ability of hMSCs expressing an MRI reporter, human ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and to investigate the feasibility of using FTH‐based MRI to provide noninvasive imaging of transplanted hMSCs. The transduction of FTH and green fluorescence protein (GFP) did not influence the expression of the mesenchymal stem cell surface markers (CD29+/CD105+/CD34–/CD45–) or the self‐renewal marker genes [octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (OCT‐4) and SRY (sex determining region Y)‐box 2 (Sox‐2)], cell viability, migration ability and the release of cytokines [interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), IL‐10, IL‐12p70, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)]. FTH‐hMSCs retained the capacity to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic and neurogenic lineages. The transduction of FTH led to a significant enhancement in cellular iron storage capacity and caused hypointensity and a significant increase in R2* values of FTH‐hMSC‐collected phantoms and FTH‐hMSC‐transplanted sites of the brain, as shown by in vitro and in vivo MRI performed at 9.4 T, compared with control hMSCs. This study revealed no differences in biological characteristics between hMSCs and FTH‐hMSCs and, therefore, these cells could be used for noninvasive monitoring with MRI during stem cell therapy for brain injury. Our study suggests the use of FTH for in vivo long‐term tracking and ultimate fate of hMSCs without alteration of their characteristics and multidifferentiation potential. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of lead and steel shot loads for harvesting mourning doves
Authors: Pierce Brian L. , Roster Thomas A. , Frisbie Michael C. , Mason Corey D. , Roberson Jay A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWith approximately 100 million shots fired at mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) annually, it is incumbent on managers to determine whether changes in ammunition will substantially alter harvest metrics or hunter satisfaction. We compared mourning dove harvest metrics for 1 lead (Pb 7½, 32 g) and 2 steel (Fe 7 and Fe 6, 28 g) 12‐gauge ammunition types using a double‐blind field test in central Texas, USA. There were no differences in the number of attempts, or number of shots fired among ammunition types. Hunters were unable to distinguish the ammunition type being used in the field, and we detected no relationship between ammunition type and level of hunter satisfaction. Field analyses detected no difference in doves bagged per shot, wounded per shot, bagged per hit, or wounded per hit among the 3 ammunition types. Necropsy analyses detected no difference in the proportion of birds with through‐body strikes, mean penetration depth of through‐body strikes, or mean embedded pellet depth among ammunition types. Ammunition and choke combinations that produced higher pattern densities yielded more hits per shot and produced more total strikes per bird, resulting in a higher percentage of birds with embedded pellets, more embedded pellets per bird, and a higher proportion of birds with broken legs. All 3 ammunition types retained sufficient lethality to harvest mourning doves under typical hunting conditions. Our results demonstrate that when the ammunition type used provides sufficient lethality for pellets to penetrate vital organs, pattern density becomes the primary factor influencing ammunition performance. © 2014 The Authors. The Wildlife Society Bulletin is published by The Wildlife Society
Synthesizing bounded-time 2-phase fault recovery
Authors: Bonakdarpour Borzoo , Kulkarni Sandeep S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

We focus on synthesis techniques for transforming existing fault-intolerant real-time programs into fault-tolerant programs that provide
phased recovery
. A fault-tolerant program is one that satisfies its
safety
and
liveness
specifications as well as
timing constraints
in the presence of faults. We argue that in many commonly considered programs (especially in safety/mission-critical systems), when faults occur, simple recovery to the program’s normal behavior is necessary, but not sufficient. For such programs, it is necessary that recovery is accomplished in a sequence of phases, each ensuring that the program satisfies certain properties. In the simplest case, in the first phase the program recovers to an
acceptable
behavior within some time
θ
, and, in the second phase, it recovers to the
ideal
behavior within time
δ
. In this article, we introduce four different types of bounded-time 2-phase recovery, namely ordered-strict, strict, relaxed, and graceful, based on how a real-time fault-tolerant program reaches the acceptable and ideal behaviors in the presence of faults. We rigorously analyze the complexity of automated synthesis of each type: we either show that the problem is hard in some class of complexity or we present a sound and complete synthesis algorithm. We argue that such complexity analysis is essential to deal with the highly complex decision procedures of program synthesis.
What’s in a Name?: Providing Clarity in the Definition of Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Authors: James Benjamin C. , Kaplan Edwin L. , Grogan Raymon H. , Angelos Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground
In recent years minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has become the procedure of choice for many surgeons, but the meaning of the term is unclear. This is confusing for both the medical community and patients. We hypothesize that because the definition of minimally invasive parathyriodectomy in the literature is so variable this term has little meaning.MethodsWe performed a Pubmed search using the terms: parathyroidectomy, minimally invasive, localized, focused, unilateral, radio‐guided, video‐assisted, and endoscopic. Data were collected for: author, journal title, year published, and all described aspects of parathyroidectomy.ResultsWe analyzed 443 (44 %) articles after applying the exclusion criteria. Eighteen words were used in 75 different combinations to describe minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. We established four categories that encompassed all 75 definitions: 1. operative approach (incision size, describing as open; endoscopic; robotic; or video‐assisted), 2. number of glands explored, 3. operative adjuncts, and 4. anesthesia type. Operative approach was the most commonly described attribute and was mentioned in 47 % (n = 207) of the articles (mean incision size was found to be 2.2 cm), followed by number of glands explored, operative adjuncts, and anesthesia type.ConclusionsThe finding that there are 75 different definitions for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy confirms that this term is too generic to be useful. We propose a new taxonomic format to describe minimally invasive parathyroidectomy based on the four descriptive categories identified: (operative approach), (# of glands explored), parathyroidectomy using (operative adjuncts) under (anesthesia type). For example, “2 cm, single gland parathyroidectomy using intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement, under general anesthesia”.
Laparoscopy in Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Uranues Selman , Popa Dorin Eugen , Diaconescu Bogdan , Schrittwieser Rudolph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIf morbidity and mortality are to be reduced in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma, first priority goes to prompt and accurate determination of peritoneal penetration and identification of the need for surgery. In this setting, laparoscopy may have an important impact on the rate of negative or non‐therapeutic laparotomies. We analyzed indications and patient selection criteria for laparoscopy in penetrating trauma along with outcomes. The analysis focused on identification of peritoneal penetration and injuries to the diaphragm, small intestine, and mesentery. Results from the early phase of laparoscopy were compared with those from recent decades with more advanced laparoscopic equipment and instruments and more experienced surgeons. A systematic review of the role of laparoscopy in penetrating abdominal trauma shows a sensitivity ranging from 66.7 to 100 %, specificity from 33.3 to 100 % and accuracy from 50 to 100 %. Publications from the 1990s found trauma laparoscopy to be inadequate for detecting intestinal injuries and so to lead to missed injuries. Twenty‐three of the 50 studies including the most recent ones report sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100 %. Laparoscopy is more cost effective than negative laparotomy. Laparoscopy can be performed safely and effectively on stable patients with penetrating abdominal trauma. The most important advantages are reduction of morbidity, accuracy in detecting diaphragmatic and intestinal injuries, and elimination of prolonged hospitalization for observation, so reducing the length of stay and increasing cost effectiveness.
Native Out-Migration and Neighborhood Immigration in New Destinations
Authors: Hall Matthew , Crowder Kyle 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics linked to three decades of census data on immigrant settlement patterns, this study examines how the migration behaviors of native-born whites and blacks are related to local immigrant concentrations, and how this relationship varies across traditional and nontraditional metropolitan gateways. Our results indicate that regardless of gateway type, the likelihood of neighborhood out-migration among natives increases as the local immigrant population grows—an association that is not explained by sociodemographic characteristics of householders or by features of the neighborhoods and metropolitan areas in which they reside. Most importantly, we find that this tendency to move away from immigrants is pronounced for natives living in metropolitan areas that are developing into a major gateway—that is, a community that has experienced rapid recent growth in foreign-born populations. We also demonstrate that among mobile natives, the neighborhoods that they move to have substantially smaller immigrant concentrations than the ones they left, a finding that is especially evident in new gateway areas.
Workplace Concentration of Immigrants
Authors: Andersson Fredrik , García-Pérez Mónica , Haltiwanger John , McCue Kristin , Sanders Seth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCasual observation suggests that in most U.S. urban labor markets, immigrants have more immigrant coworkers than native-born workers do. While seeming obvious, this excess tendency to work together has not been precisely measured, nor have its sources been quantified. Using matched employer–employee data from the U.S. Census Bureau Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) database on a set of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) with substantial immigrant populations, we find that, on average, 37 % of an immigrant’s coworkers are themselves immigrants; in contrast, only 14 % of a native-born worker’s coworkers are immigrants. We decompose this difference into the probability of working with compatriots versus with immigrants from other source countries. Using human capital, employer, and location characteristics, we narrow the mechanisms that might explain immigrant concentration. We find that industry, language, and residential segregation collectively explain almost all the excess tendency to work with immigrants from other source countries, but they have limited power to explain work with compatriots. This large unexplained compatriot component suggests an important role for unmeasured country-specific factors, such as social networks.
Using the Effective Surface Permittivity Method to Analyse Multilayer Piezoelectric Substrates for Surface Acoustic Wave Filters
Authors: Tsai H.-Y. , Hsu W.-H. , Yu Y.-K , Chen R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the properties of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, including phase velocity and electromechanical coupling coefficient (K2) are investigated. The effective surface permittivity (ESP) method was employed to estimate the K2 of bulk materials (single layer) and multi-layer (double-layer and trilayer) structures. In the cases of bulk materials, the calculation results agree with the experimental data, and the errors are less than 7% for quartz. In the cases of double-layer materials, the phase velocity and K2 of various materials, such as ZnO/Diamond and LiNbO3/Diamond, were acquired, and the results demonstrate that LiNbO3/diamond is the optimal choice for high-frequency SAW devices. For the cases of trilayer, the structure of ZnO/PZT/diamond has relatively high K2 and phase velocity. Therefore, this structure is the optimal trilayer structure for high-frequency SAW devices. The study demonstrates that ESP method can be successfully used for estimating SAW properties in piezoelectric multi-layer structures even though the structures contain nonpiezoelectric film (diamond). The proposed numerical computation has the potential to shorten the developing time of SAW device.
The influence of HR practices and job satisfaction on interpersonal deviance in the workplace
Authors: Shamsudin Faridahwati Mohd , Subramaniam Chandrakantan , Sri Ramalu Subramaniam 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe examined the influence of human resource practices on interpersonal deviance at work through job satisfaction. A survey was carried out among 372 manufacturing employees of various occupational levels in manufacturing companies in the northern region of Malaysia. We collected data by distributing questionnaires to participants, with the assistance of human resource department. We asked them to indicate how often they know whether any of their workmates engaged in different types of interpersonal deviance. Regression analysis showed that human resource practices of job description, employment security, and internal career opportunities have significant relationships with interpersonal deviance. Hierarchical regression indicated that the dimensions of job satisfaction have a direct relationship with interpersonal deviance. The dimensions also mediated the relationship between human resource practices and interpersonal deviance. Implications to managers and practitioners are discussed.
Homozygosity mapping of autosomal recessive intellectual disability loci in 11 consanguineous Pakistani families
Authors: Ahmed Iltaf , Rafiq Muhammad Arshad , Vincent John B. , Bhatti Attya , Ayub Muhammad , John Peter 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAutosomal recessive intellectual disability (ID) is genetically heterogeneous and most of the genes causing it remain undiscovered.ObjectiveWe have ascertained 11 consanguineous families multiplex for IDs in order to identify new loci for autosomal recessive genes for non-syndromic ID, or to aid pinpointing mutations in known causative gene/loci.MethodologyMicroarray genotyping (Affymatrix 250K) was performed to identify homozygosity-by-descent (HBD) in all affected families.ResultsAnalysis of genotypes revealed 45 potential HBD regions across the families, although these may be rationalised down to 39. Two families share an overlapping HBD region on 7q11.21. In one family, X-linkage also looks plausible, and a new ID gene near the centromere may be a likely cause. In one family, no HBD region was found, and thus we exclude autosomal recessive mutation as the likely cause in this family. Copy-number variation (CNV) was also performed and revealed no CNVs, homozygous or heterozygous, segregating with the phenotype.ConclusionThe homozygous loci identified in this study might harbour candidate genes for ID in these studied families. Therefore, we are proceeding with next-generation sequencing analysis of the families, using whole-exome approaches, and anticipate that this will identify the causative gene/mutation within the identified HBD regions for many of the families studied here.
Evolutionary innovation and conservation in the embryonic derivation of the vertebrate skull
Authors: Piekarski Nadine , Gross Joshua B. , Hanken James 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDevelopment of the vertebrate skull has been studied intensively for more than 150 years, yet many essential features remain unresolved. One such feature is the extent to which embryonic derivation of individual bones is evolutionarily conserved or labile. We perform long-term fate mapping using GFP-transgenic axolotl and Xenopus laevis to document the contribution of individual cranial neural crest streams to the osteocranium in these amphibians. Here we show that the axolotl pattern is strikingly similar to that in amniotes; it likely represents the ancestral condition for tetrapods. Unexpectedly, the pattern in Xenopus is much different; it may constitute a unique condition that evolved after anurans diverged from other amphibians. Such changes reveal an unappreciated relation between life history evolution and cranial development and exemplify ‘developmental system drift’, in which interspecific divergence in developmental processes that underlie homologous characters occurs with little or no concomitant change in the adult phenotype.
Solar ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion-driven climate change: effects on terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Bornman J. F. , Barnes P. W. , Robinson S. A. , Ballaré C. L. , Flint S. D. , Caldwell M. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this assessment we summarise advances in our knowledge of how UV-B radiation (280-315 nm), together with other climate change factors, influence terrestrial organisms and ecosystems. We identify key uncertainties and knowledge gaps that limit our ability to fully evaluate the interactive effects of ozone depletion and climate change on these systems. We also evaluate the biological consequences of the way in which stratospheric ozone depletion has contributed to climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the last assessment, several new findings or insights have emerged or been strengthened. These include: (1) the increasing recognition that UV-B radiation has specific regulatory roles in plant growth and development that in turn can have beneficial consequences for plant productivityviaeffects on plant hardiness, enhanced plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens, and improved quality of agricultural products with subsequent implications for food security; (2) UV-B radiation together with UV-A (315-400 nm) and visible (400-700 nm) radiation are significant drivers of decomposition of plant litter in globally important arid and semi-arid ecosystems, such as grasslands and deserts. This occurs through the process of photodegradation, which has implications for nutrient cycling and carbon storage, although considerable uncertainty exists in quantifying its regional and global biogeochemical significance; (3) UV radiation can contribute to climate changeviaits stimulation of volatile organic compounds from plants, plant litter and soils, although the magnitude, rates and spatial patterns of these emissions remain highly uncertain at present. UV-induced release of carbon from plant litter and soils may also contribute to global warming; and (4) depletion of ozone in the Southern Hemisphere modifies climate directlyviaeffects on seasonal weather patterns (precipitation and wind) and these in turn have been linked to changes in the growth of plants across the Southern Hemisphere. Such research has broadened our understanding of the linkages that exist between the effects of ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change on terrestrial ecosystems.
High‐frequency wideband quadrature coupler using transformer and lumped elements
Authors: Hou Zhang Ju , Chiu Leung , Xue Quan 
Published: December 2014

A lumped quadrature coupler based on a ferromagnetic core is proposed for high‐frequency (HF) application. The four terminals of the transformer are connected to the four ports, whereas two inductors and two capacitors are connected between two adjacent ports. The bandwidth is only limited by magnitude imbalance. A 13.56 MHz prototype is designed and tested. A 69% bandwidth is achieved with ±3 dB magnitude imbalance. Within the frequency band, the measured return loss is greater than 31.57 dB, port‐to‐port isolation is greater than 33.21 dB and the phase imbalance is <2°.
Sub‐harmonic upconversion mixer using 0.18 μm CMOS technology
Authors: Jin Jie , Wang Chunhua , Xia Zanming , Yang Huai 
Published: December 2014

A novel sub‐harmonic upconversion mixer using Chartered 0.18 μm radio‐frequency (RF) CMOS technology for 2.4 GHz wireless application is introduced. Using the sub‐harmonic technique, the required local oscillator (LO) frequency can be reduced a half, which simplifies the design of the LO. Moreover, the sub‐harmonic technique can effectively reduce the influence of LO leakage. The measured results demonstrate that the novel upconversion mixer can provide about 14.4 dB conversion gain, whereas the power consumption is only 1.65 mW with a 1 V supply voltage, and the input‐referred third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of the mixer is about 4 dBm. The chip area including test pads is only 0.7 × 0.72 mm2.
Compact tri‐band bandpass filter using three stub‐loaded open‐loop resonator with wide stopband and improved bandwidth response
Authors: Kumar N. , Singh Y. K. 
Published: December 2014

A compact three stub‐loaded open‐loop resonator‐based tri‐band bandpass filter with better out‐of‐band suppression is presented. The position and length of the three stubs loaded to an open‐loop resonator determine the position of the three passbands. Mathematical analysis has also been performed to calculate the resonance condition of the proposed resonator. To demonstrate the concept, two second‐order filters are fabricated having three passbands centred at fo = 1.93 GHz, f1 = 3.6 GHz, f2 = 4.89 GHz and fo = 1.59 GHz, f1 = 3.12 GHz, f2 = 4.02 GHz, respectively. The fabricated filters show better 3 dB bandwidth as well. The simulation and measured results are in good agreement.
Gefäßveränderungen der Stimmlippen – Teil 1: Horizontale Gefäßveränderungen
Authors: Voigt-Zimmermann S. , Arens C. 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich die larynxendoskopischen Verfahren und Technologien derart verbessert, dass nicht nur epitheliale, sondern auch vaskuläre Veränderungen frühzeitiger erkennbar werden. Die damit einhergehende zunehmende Differenzierung solcher vaskulärer Veränderungen führt bei der Perzeption älterer und jüngerer Fachliteratur zu terminologischen Unschärfen hinsichtlich sichtbarer Gefäßveränderungen der Stimmlippen. Das erschwert den fachlich-wissenschaftlichen Diskurs.
Ziel: Basierend auf einer eingehenden Beschreibung vaskulärer Veränderungen der Stimmlippen zielt die vorliegende Arbeit deshalb auf eine theoretische und begriffliche Klärung für beginnende Gefäßveränderungen der Stimmlippen.
Ergebnis: Vaskuläre Veränderungen, wie ektatische und mäanderförmige Gefäße, eine zunehmende Anzahl und Verästelung von Gefäßen und Richtungswechsel der Gefäße stellen beginnende, meist reversible Gefäßveränderungen der Stimmlippen dar. Sie treten zudem als Vorstufen und Prädiktoren von manifesten Gefäßveränderungn der Stimmlippen auf, wie Stimmlippenvarizen, Polypen und Haemorrhagien bei Gefäßrupturen der Stimmlippen. Wenn diese überwiegend horizontalen vaskulären Veränderungen frühzeitig entdeckt und ätiologisch abgeklärt werden, erlauben sie differenzierte prognostische Aussagen und Therapieentscheidungen, z. B. für Phonochi­rurgie, Stimmfunktionstherapie oder Stimmhygiene. Vertikale Veränderungen treten erst bei Larynxpapillomen, prä- und kanzerösen Veränderungen der Stimmlippen auf. Bereits bei kleinen kanzerösen Stimmlippenveränderungen ist die reguläre vaskuläre Stimmlippenstruktur dann völlig zerstört.