bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le microbiote intestinal : un compartiment biologique à explorer chez les animaux d’élevage
Authors: Rogel-Gaillard Claire 
Published: November 2014

The microbiota of the gastro-intestinal tract : a biological compartment to explore in livestock species
In a perspective of safe, competitive and sustainable animal breeding systems, deepening animal phenotyping and defining new breeding goals are identified as major concerns. The intestine hosts a microbial ecosystem referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut epithelium, at the interface between the host and the microbiota, plays fundamental roles in nutrient absorption, local and systemic immune functions, as well as adaptive functions. The onset of high throughput sequencing methods have paved the way toward an unprecedented characterization of the microbiota by producing data on the non cultivable bacteria set. In livestock species, the scientific and technological context is in place to study the gut microbiota at both phylogenetic (bacteria diversity) and functional levels, and analyze the impact on shaping the host phenotype.
Evaluation du risque de transmission du virus de l’arthrite encéphalite caprine (CAEV) par les biotechnologies de la reproduction
Authors: Fieni Francis 
Published: November 2014

Evaluation of the risk of CAEV (caprine arthritis encephalitis virus) transmission via assisted reproduction techniques
Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) has been identified in the tissues of male and female genital tract, in the semen, in uterine and vaginal secretions, and in embryo flushing medias. So a health risk is associated with artificial insemination (AI), In vitro fecundation (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). However, it has been demonstrated that sperm fraction, oocytes free of granulosa cells, embryo with intact zona pellicida and after ten washing, take off from naturally infected goats are free of CAEV. So with the respect of definite process, IA, IVF and ET are associated with low level CAEV transmission risk and TE can be use as preventive health measure.
Genetic diversity of Talpa europaea and Nova hantavirus (NVAV) in France
Authors: Hugot Jean-Pierre , Hun Gu Se , Feliu Carlos , Ventura Queija Jacint , Ribas Alexis , Dormion Jérôme , Yanagihara Richard , Nicolas Violaine 
Published: November 2014

Genetic diversity of talpa europaea and nova hantavirus (NVAV) in France
Nova hantavirus (NVAV) was first identified in a captured European mole (Talpa europaea) in Hungary. Analysis of lung tissues from 94 moles captured in France revealed NVAV in 50% of the animals. Based on the genetic diversity of the cytochrome b mtDNA, moles collected in Poitiers and Bordeaux were more closely related to the Iberian mole (T. occidentalis), a species previously assumed to be restricted to the Iberian Peninsula. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these observations : 1) the presence of hitherto unnoticed T. occidentalis in southwestern France ; 2) the existence of an ancient mitochondrial introgression phenomenon between the two Talpa species, producing a particular phenotype in some hybrids ; 3) the existence of a hybrid zone between the two species ; and 4) the existence of a new Talpa species. NVAV was not detected in the southwestern moles, which raises the question of the possible presence of a particular Hantavirus species in this population and/ or in the Iberian moles.
Žagar Ž., Igor in Kelava, Polona (ur.): From Formal to Non-Formal: Education, Learning and Knowledge. Cambridge, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014
Authors: Rijavec Klobučar Nataša 
Published: November 2014

Monografija z naslovom Od formalnega k neformalnemu: izobraževanje, učenje in znanje nadaljuje tradicijo interdisciplinarnega raziskovanja teh pojavov. Avtorji prihajajo iz različnih jezikovnih okolij in različnih znanstvenih področij ter uporabljajo pri svojem raziskovanju različne metodološke pristope (akcijsko raziskovanje, participatorno raziskovanje, utemeljena teorija, analiza dokumentov in študije primerov, kvantitativne empirične raziskave z uporabo vprašalnikov, če naštejemo nekatere). Vse troje vodi v pester prikaz spoznanj, hkrati pa nakazuje tudi fluidnost in nepreglednost področja neformalnega učenja in izobraževanja, ki je včasih kaotično.
Optic Nerve Head Tubercular Granuloma Successfully Treated with Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections in Addition to Systemic Therapy
Authors: Invernizzi Alessandro , Franzetti Fabio , Viola Francesco , Meroni Luca , Staurenghi Giovanni 
Published: November 2014

Purpose To describe a case of optic nerve head tubercular granuloma, unresponsive to conventional therapy (antitubercular drugs and systemic steroids), successfully treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections in addition to systemic drugs. Methods Case report. Results A 44-year-old patient was referred to our clinic for progressive vision decrease in his left eye during the preceding 4 months. A large granuloma infiltrating optic nerve head was visible at funduscopic examination along with diffuse intraocular inflammation. Workup for granulomatous uveitis supported the diagnosis of presumed intraocular tuberculosis. However, the large granulomatous lesion did not show a good response to conventional therapy for tubercular uveitis (antitubercular drugs and systemic steroids). Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) intravitreal injections were performed as an adjunct to the ongoing therapy. After 2 injections, the patient showed an almost complete regression of the lesion (demonstrated by optical coherence tomography) and a restoration of vision. Conclusions Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections should be considered in the treatment of large tubercular granulomatous lesions in addition to conventional systemic therapy. Optical coherence tomography could be a suitable tool for studying and following optic nerve head granulomas.
Near-Infrared Fundus Autofluorescence in Multiple Evanescent White-Dot Syndrome
Authors: Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Iacono Pierluigi , Falcomatà Bruno , Bolognesi Gianluigi , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2014

Purpose To report the near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIR-FAF) pattern in 2 cases of multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome (MEWDS). Methods Three consecutive patients with MEWDS underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including color photograph, blue-light fundus autofluorescence, NIR-FAF, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Main outcome measure was the identification of NIR-FAF pattern. Results Fluorescein angiography showed patchy hyperfluorescence of the whitish dots. Indocyanine green angiography showed hypofluorescent spots throughout the examination. Blue-light fundus autofluorescence disclosed a speckled pattern without extension to the foveal area, whereas NIR-AF showed several hypoautofluorescent lesions involving also the fovea, which corresponded to the whitish dots visible on biomicroscopy and to the hypofluorescent lesions detectable on ICGA. Conclusions Near-infrared fundus autofluorescence is characterized by hypoautofluorescent spots corresponding to the inflammatory lesions typical of MEWDS and can be considered as a valuable noninvasive technique to diagnose and monitor patients with MEWDS.
The Surgeon's Eye: A Prospective Analysis of the Anteversion in the Placement of Hemiarthroplasties after a Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: van Embden Daphne , van Gijn Willem , van de Steenhoven Tim , Rhemrev Steven 
Published: November 2014

Introduction Hip dislocation after hemiarthroplasty performed in elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture is associated with severe morbidity and costs. Optimal anteversion during the placement of the hemiarthroplasty might reduce the dislocation rate. We assessed the surgeons’ intraoperative visual estimations of the femoral anteversion. Methods The postoperative femoral anteversion of 20 consecutively performed hemiarthroplasties was measured on computer tomography and compared to the intraoperative visual estimations of the surgeon. Furthermore, the femoral anteversion of the contralateral non-fractured hip, which was considered the ‘ideal’ anatomical reference, was recorded. Results The mean postoperative anteversion of the hemiarthroplasty was 20° (SD 8.7°). The mean femoral anteversion of the contralateral non operated femur was 14° (SD 9.5°). The average difference between the anteversion angle estimated by the surgeon and the CT-measured is 9° (1° to 18°). In 14 (70%) cases the measured angle was greater than desired. Conclusions The current operation technique in which the anteversion angle is estimated by the surgeon's eye shows relatively good intraoperative precision.
Acremonium Species Combined with Penicillium Species Infection in Hip Hemiarthroplasty: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yi , Huang Hui-Kuang , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming , Lai Mei-Chu , Chung Lien-Hsiang 
Published: November 2014

Objective To illustrate that Acremonium and Penicillium species are being increasingly recognised in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Case Report A 47-year-old male with liver cirrhosis and bilateral hip hemiarthroplasties complained of persistent right hip pain. Bone scan was suspicious for right hip septic arthritis. Laboratory studies revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 127 mm/h) and C-reactive protein (CRP; 16.171 mg/L). At surgery caseous necrosis with a yellowish appearance around the hip was noted. Intraoperative cultures were positive for Acremonium and Penicillium species 2 weeks after inoculation. After 4 months of fluconazole monotherapy a successful revision right total hip arthroplasty was performed, the patient is walking without assistance at 1 year after surgery. Conclusions We reported a prosthetic hip infection due to Acremonium and Penicillium species. Removal of the prosthesis, antifungal therapy, and re-implantation after 4 months were successful.
Low Alpha-Fetoprotein HCC and the Role of GGTP
Authors: Carr Brian I. , Guerra Vito , Giannini Edoardo G. , Farinati Fabio , Ciccarese Francesca , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Di Marco Maria , Benvegnù Luisa , Zoli Marco , Borzio Franco , Caturelli Eugenio , Chiaramonte Maria , Trevisani Franco ,   For the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) group*
Published: November 2014

Background HCC patients are heterogeneous in terms of both tumor and liver factors. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an important prognostic tumor marker for those patients with elevated AFP levels. Aims To examine the differences in HCC patients with high or low AFP levels in blood and evaluate the prognostic parameters in low AFP patients. Methods A cohort of 2,440 HCC patients from 11 Italian medical centers was studied. AFP-positive patients were compared to AFP-negative ones, and the blood and tumor parameters of AFP-negative patients were examined. Results Low blood AFP levels were found in 58% of the total cohort, in 64% of patients with small HCCs, and in 51% of patients with large HCCs. In patients with large tumors, platelet and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) levels, tumor multifocality and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) incidence were all greater than in patients with small tumors, regardless of AFP status. Patients with higher AFP levels had worse survival rates than those with low AFP in each tumor size group. In patients with small tumors, the elevated AFP was associated with significantly increased PVT and worse survival. In patients with large tumors, the elevated AFP was associated with significantly higher GGTP, ALKP, and bilirubin levels, as well as with increased PVT and multifocality, and worse survival. Low-AFP patients with high GGTP levels had worse survival than patients with low GGTP levels. Conclusion Patients with low AFP were the majority in this cohort, and patients with elevated GGTP had worse prognosis than those with low GGTP. GGTP may be a useful tumor and prognosis marker in low-AFP patients. AFP-negative patients are important to identify due to their enhanced survival.
Comparative detection of aberrantly methylated DNA in preoperative and postoperative stool from patients with colorectal cancers
Authors: Nishioka Yasunobu , Ueki Takashi , Hokazono Koji , Nagayoshi Kinuko , Tanaka Masao 
Published: November 2014

Background Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial to reducing tumor-related mortality. Evaluating aberrantly methylated DNA in stool is promising for CRC screening. However, DNA methylation in the colonic epithelium of background mucosa may compromise stool DNA (sDNA) test results. Thus, we compared aberrant methylation of cancer-related genes in preoperative and postoperative sDNA, with the aim of demonstrating that a cancer-specific methylated allele in sDNA originates from CRCs. Methods Patients who were to undergo CRC resection in Kyushu University Hospital during 2003-2010 were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative (pre) stool samples from 54 patients, postoperative (post) samples from 52 of the patients and tumor samples were collected. Aberrant promoter methylation of CDH4 and GATA5 was assessed in the primary tumors by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and in stool samples by real-time MSP. Results Aberrant methylation of CDH4 and/or GATA5 was detected in 45 of CRC tissue samples (83.3%) and identified in 23 pre sDNA samples (42.3%) from CRC patients. Aberrant methylation was not found in pre sDNA obtained from CRC patients without aberrant methylation of these genes or in post sDNA in any patient. The detection rate of methylated alleles did not correlate with depth of invasion or tumor stage. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that aberrantly methylated alleles identified in sDNA originate from CRCs. Although tumor-specific aberrant methylation is found in sDNA from patients harboring early and advanced CRC throughout the colon and rectum, the sensitivity of this test needs to be improved for early detection of CRC.
Duitsland en de zigeuners: van uitsluiting tot Endlösung der Zigeunerfrage, 1407-1945
Authors: Croes M.T. 
Published: November 2014

Germany and the gypsies: from exclusion to Endlösung der Zigeunerfrage, 1407-1945
This article gives an overview of the persecution of the gypsies in Europe from their arrival in Central and Western Europe in 1407 till the Baro Porrajmos ('great devouring' in some Romani dialects) as the mass killing of gypsies during the Second World War is called. The focus in this article is on Germany.
Draagmoederschap en verlof
Authors: Burri Susanne 
Published: November 2014

Draagmoederschap en verlof: De arresten C.D. en Z. over zwangerschaps-en bevallingsverlof van wensmoeders
Rechters worden met nieuwe vragen geconfronteerd. Dit geldt bijvoorbeeld voor de vraag of een wensmoeder in geval van draagmoederschap recht heeft op zwangerschaps- en bevallingsverlof terwijl ze zelf niet zwanger is geweest. De meningen van twee advocaten-generaal verschillen over de betekenis van het Unierecht in dit verband. Hun opinies leveren interessante gezichtspunten. Het Hof van Justitie kiest een voorzichtige benadering.HvJ EU 18 maart 2014, zaak C-167/12, C.D./S.T, n.n.g. en HvJ EU 18 maart 2014, zaak C-363/12, Z./A Government Department, The Board of management of a community school, n.n.g
De samenhang tussen fysieke en sociale veiligheid in theorie en praktijk
Authors: Duijnhoven Hanneke , van Buul-Besseling Kim , Vink Nathalie 
Published: November 2014

The relation between safety and security in theory and practice
This article discusses the complex relations between the organizational fields of safety (i.e. disaster and crisis response) and security (i.e. crime prevention and public order), and the ways in which disciplinary and organizational boundaries make it difficult to come to a better integration or coordination in the safety and security domain. Based on results of a research project on cooperation and information-sharing between organizations in the fields of safety and security, the authors argue that it is not realistic to refer to safety and security as relatively independent fields. Instead, it would be more useful to approach it as a connected domain, encompassing both safety and security disciplines. Yet, the separation of the two fields is strongly embedded in the culture and responsibilities of organizations in these fields, which reinforces the disciplinary boundaries in the domain. Nevertheless, in the last few years it seems that there is an increasing recognition of the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in the safety and security domain. This paper explores possible directions for creating more coherence and integration in the safety and security domain. The authors believe that much progress can be made if key stakeholders in the safety and security domain are able to adopt a broader, multidisciplinary perspective when approaching safety and security events.
Hors de l’Église, point de salut ? La transmission du sens des oeuvres d’art religieux
Authors: Leconte Alexandra 
Published: November 2014

Le présent article est tiré de mon travail dirigé, réalisé dans le cadre de la maîtrise en muséologie à l’Université de Montréal. Intéressée par le patrimoine religieux du Québec, je me penche plus particulièrement sur la conservation et la transmission des oeuvres d’art religieux. Dans mon travail, je cherche à comprendre et à relever ce qui reste du caractère religieux de ces objets une fois devenus patrimoine. Pour ce faire, j’ai fait l’étude de trois cas qui présentent des types de conservation différents, soit la Basilique Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré et son musée, l’église de Saint-Joachim et le Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec. J’ai étudié le processus de patrimonialisation de chacun d’eux en regard des caractères immatériels intrinsèques au patrimoine religieux que je définis ainsi : la notion du sacré, l’expérience religieuse, l’esprit du lieu et l’identité collective. L’analyse de mes études de cas m’amène ensuite à soulever la nature polysémique et multiforme de l’oeuvre d’art religieux, qui influence dès lors la patrimonialisation et plus encore la transmission qu’on en fait.
Darunavir pharmacokinetics throughout pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Lambert John , Jackson Valerie , Else Laura , Lawless Mairead , McDonald Grainne , Le Blanc Dave , Patel Anjali , Stephens Kelly , Khoo Saye 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionAntiretroviral therapy is recommended during pregnancy for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Physiological changes during pregnancy are known to affect the pharmacokinetics (PK) of protease inhibitors (PIs), leading to lower exposures in pregnant women. Here we examine the PK of DRV/r 800/100 mg once daily (OD) over the course of pregnancy and postpartum (PP).Material and MethodsIn this prospective open‐labelled study, HIV‐positive pregnant women receiving darunavir/ritonavir as part of their routine maternity care were enrolled. DRV plasma trough concentrations [DRV] were determined in the first (T1) and/or second (T2) and/or third (T3) trimester and PP using a validated HPLC‐MS/MS methodology (Lab21, Cambridge UK). Where possible paired maternal and cord blood samples were taken at delivery.ResultsTo date 20 women (12 black African, 8 Caucasian) have been enrolled. Median (range) baseline CD4 count was 338 cells/µL (108–715), and median baseline plasma viral load was 555 copies/mL (<40–8,188,943). All but 2 women were virally suppressed at time of delivery (114 and 176 copies/mL; 1 sub‐therapeutic at T3) and median CD4 count was 410 cells/µL (92–947). There were 20 live births, all term deliveries and there were no cases of MTCT. [DRV] (geometric mean; 95% CI) was 3790 ng/mL at T1 (n=1); 1288 ng/mL (663–1913) at T2 (n=9); 1086 ng/mL (745–1428) at T3 (n=18, 1 undetectable) and 2324 ng/mL (1369–3279) at PP (n=14, 1 undetectable). There was no significant difference in [DRV] between T2 and PP (p=0.158); however, there was between T3 and PP (p=0.021). Nineteen of twenty (95%) and 16 of 20 (80%) women achieved [DRV] above the estimated MEC for WT (55 ng/mL) and PI resistant HIV‐1 (550 ng/mL) throughout pregnancy. Maternal and cord [DRV] were available for 10 mother–baby pairs. Mean maternal [DRV] at delivery was 2235 ng/mL (±1557 ng/mL), while mean cord [DRV] was 337 ng/mL (±217 ng/mL). The median cord to maternal blood ratio (C/M) was 0.11 (0.06–0.49).ConclusionsIn most cases examined, DRV/r 800/100 mg once daily was effective at achieving adequate therapeutic drug levels (>550 ng/ml) during pregnancy. However, reduced DRV plasma concentrations in the second/third trimesters highlights the need for TDM in this population and warrants further study of pregnancy‐associated changes in DRV pharmacokinetics. The low C/M ratios reported here are consistent with previous reports [1] and suggest low transplacental transfer of DRV.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of protease inhibitor monotherapy vs. ongoing triple‐therapy in the long‐term management of HIV patients
Authors: Oddershede Lars , Walker Simon , Paton Nicholas , Stöhr Wolfgang , Dunn David , Sculpher Mark 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionProtease inhibitors might be sufficient to maintain complete virological suppression when used as monotherapy for HIV‐1‐positive patients who have achieved sustained virological suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). The present study estimated the cost‐effectiveness of a strategy of switching the ART to protease inhibitor monotherapy (PIM) with prompt return to combination therapy in the event of viral load rebound compared to continuing the ongoing triple‐therapy (OTT) in the long‐term management of HIV‐1‐positive patients.Materials and MethodsA within‐trial cost‐effectiveness analysis and modelling of lifetime cost‐effectiveness was performed based on a randomized controlled trial of Protease Inhibitor monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple‐therapy (PIVOT). The setting was HIV outpatient care in the UK National Health Service, and the trial involved 587 patients, aged 18 years or more, who achieved sustained virological suppression and have a CD4+ cell count >100 cells/mm3. Outcomes were NHS costs (2012 UK pounds sterling) and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALY) with comparative results presented as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsOverall, PIM was cost‐effective compared to OTT. PIM was cost‐saving due to large savings in the ART drug costs while being no less effective in terms of QALYs in the within‐trial analysis and only marginally less effective with modelling. In the base‐case within‐trial analysis, the incremental total cost per patient was −£6,424.11 (95% confidence interval:−£7,418.84 to −£5,429.38) and the incremental QALY was 0.0051 (95% confidence interval: −0.0479 to 0.0582) making PIM dominant compared to OTT. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the importance of assumptions surrounding drug costs, missing data, trial protocol driven costs and mortality. In all sensitivity analyses, PIM was cost‐saving and no marked difference in QALY was observed. Modelling of life time costs and QALYs showed significant cost‐savings and marginally less effectiveness such that switching to PIM appeared cost‐effective at accepted cost‐effectiveness thresholds.ConclusionsThe results suggest that PIM is a cost‐effective treatment strategy compared to OTT for HIV‐1‐positive patients who have achieved sustained virological suppression.