bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROCEDURAL RIGHTS
Authors: Wellman Christopher Heath 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this essay, I argue that absent special circumstances, there are no moral, judicial procedural rights. I divide this essay into four main sections. First, I argue that there is no general moral right against double jeopardy. Next, I explain why punishing a criminal without first establishing her guilt via a fair trial does not necessarily violate her rights. In the third section, I respond to a number of possible objections. And finally, I consider the implications of my arguments for the human right to due process.
HOW TO EXPRESS SELF-REFERENTIAL PROBABILITY. A KRIPKEAN PROPOSAL
Authors: CAMPBELL-MOORE CATRIN 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present a semantics for a language that includes sentences that can talk about their own probabilities. This semantics applies a fixed point construction to possible world style structures. One feature of the construction is that some sentences only have their probability given as a range of values. We develop a corresponding axiomatic theory and show by a canonical model construction that it is complete in the presence of theω-rule. By considering this semantics we argue that principles such as introspection, which lead to paradoxical contradictions if naively formulated, should be expressed by using a truth predicate to do the job of quotation and disquotation and observe that in the case of introspection the principle is then consistent.
Acetylation of MAT IIα represses tumour cell growth and is decreased in human hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Yang Hong-Bin , Xu Ying-Ying , Zhao Xiang-Ning , Zou Shao-Wu , Zhang Ye , Zhang Min , Li Jin-Tao , Ren Feng , Wang Li-Ying , Lei Qun-Ying 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMetabolic alteration is a hallmark of cancer. Dysregulation of methionine metabolism is implicated in human liver cancer. Methionine adenosyltransferase IIα (MAT IIα) is a key enzyme in the methionine cycle, catalysing the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key methyl donor in cellular processes, and is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer. Here we show that P300 acetylates MAT IIα at lysine residue 81 and destabilizes MAT IIα by promoting its ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Conversely, histone deacetylase-3 deacetylates and stabilizes MAT IIα by preventing its proteasomal degradation. Folate deprivation upregulates K81 acetylation and destabilizes MAT IIα to moderate cell proliferation, whereas a single mutation at K81 reverses the proliferative disadvantage of cancer cells upon folate deprivation. Moreover, MAT IIα K81 acetylation is decreased in human hepatocellular cancer. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism of MAT IIα regulation by acetylation and ubiquitylation, and a direct functional link of this regulation to cancer development.
Photoemission study of the electronic structure and charge density waves of Na2Ti2Sb2O
Authors: Tan S. Y. , Jiang J. , Ye Z. R. , Niu X. H. , Song Y. , Zhang C. L. , Dai P. C. , Xie B. P. , Lai X. C. , Feng D. L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe electronic structure of Na2Ti2Sb2O single crystal is studied by photon energy and polarization dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The obtained band structure and Fermi surface agree well with the band structure calculation of Na2Ti2Sb2O in the non-magnetic state, which indicates that there is no magnetic order in Na2Ti2Sb2O and the electronic correlation is weak. Polarization dependent ARPES results suggest the multi-band and multi-orbital nature of Na2Ti2Sb2O. Photon energy dependent ARPES results suggest that the electronic structure of Na2Ti2Sb2O is rather two-dimensional. Moreover, we find a density wave energy gap forms below the transition temperature and reaches 65 meV at 7 K, indicating that Na2Ti2Sb2O is likely a weakly correlated CDW material in the strong electron-phonon interaction regime.
Retinal Vessels Change in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma: The Handan Eye Study
Authors: Gao Jianlu , Liang Yuanbo , Wang Fenghua , Shen Ran , Wong Tienyin , Peng Yi , Friedman David S. , Wang Ningli 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. To examine the relationship between angle closure and the retinal vessel diameter in Chinese adults, we conducted Handan Eye Study (HES), a large population-based cross-sectional study, which enrolled 6830 participants >30 year-old living in 13 randomly selected villages of Yongnian County. After adjusting for age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), diabetes and hypertension, the mean central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE, μm) was 127.1 ± 7.0 and 145.6 ± 4.4 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), respectively; narrower than that in normal control (156.1 ± 0.4), primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) (156.3 ± 1.1) or primary angle closure (PAC) (156.0 ± 3.4) (P = 0.001). The mean central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE, μm) was 229.0 ± 5.9 and 215.8 ± 9.5 in POAG and PACG, respectively; narrower than that in normal control (238.3 ± 0.5), PACS (241.2 ± 1.4) or PAC (242.2 ± 4.6) (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean CRAE or CRVE between PACG and POAG. Compared to the normal control (0.66), the mean arterio-venous ratio (AVR) was smaller in POAG (0.64) and PACG (0.59), whereas larger in PACS (0.65) and PAC (0.67) (P = 0.003). To conclude, PACG and POAG individuals have narrower retinal arteries and veins.
SMIFH2 has effects on Formins and p53 that perturb the cell cytoskeleton
Authors: Isogai Tadamoto , van der Kammen Rob , Innocenti Metello 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFormin proteins are key regulators of the cytoskeleton involved in developmental and homeostatic programs and human disease. For these reasons, small molecules interfering with Formins’ activity have gained increasing attention. Among them, small molecule inhibitor of Formin Homology 2 domains (SMIFH2) is often used as a pharmacological Formin blocker. Although SMIFH2 inhibits actin polymerization by Formins and affects the actin cytoskeleton, its cellular mechanism of action and target specificity remain unclear.Here we show that SMIFH2 induces remodelling of actin filaments, microtubules and the Golgi complex as a result of its effects on Formins and p53.We found that SMIFH2 triggers alternated depolymerization-repolymerization cycles of actin and tubulin, increases cell migration, causes scattering of the Golgi complex and also cytotoxicity at high dose. Moreover, SMIFH2 reduces expression and activity of p53 through a post-transcriptional, proteasome-independent mechanism that influences remodelling of the cytoskeleton.As the action of SMIFH2 may go beyond Formin inhibition, only short-term and low-dose SMIFH2 treatments minimize confounding effects induced by loss of p53 and cytotoxicity.
Pharmacological Postconditioning with Lactic Acid and Hydrogen Rich Saline Alleviates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhang Guoming , Gao Song , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Lulu , Tan Hong , Xu Lin , Chen Yaoyu , Geng Yongjian , Lin Yanliang , Aertker Benjamin , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study investigated whether pharmacological postconditioning with lactic acid and hydrogen rich saline can provide benefits similar to that of mechanical postconditioning. To our knowledge, this is the first therapeutic study to investigate the co-administration of lactic acid and hydrogen. SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Sham, R/I, M-Post, Lac, Hyd and Lac + Hyd. The left coronary artery was occluded for 45 min. Blood was withdrawn from the right atrium to measure pH. The rats were sacrificed at different time points to measure mitochondrial absorbance, infarct size, serum markers and apoptotic index. Rats in Lac + Hyd group had similar blood pH and ROS levels when compared to the M-Post group. Additionally, the infarct area was reduced to the same extent in Lac + Hyd and M-Post groups with a similar trends observed for serum markers of myocardial injury and apoptotic index. Although the level of P-ERK in Lac + Hyd group was lower, P-p38/JNK, TNFα, Caspase-8, mitochondrial absorbance and Cyt-c were all similar in Lac + Hyd and M-Post groups. The Lac and Hyd groups were able to partially mimic this protective role. These data suggested that pharmacological postconditioning with lactic acid and hydrogen rich saline nearly replicates the benefits of mechanical postconditioning.
Thermal invisibility based on scattering cancellation and mantle cloaking
Authors: Farhat M. , Chen P.-Y. , Bagci H. , Amra C. , Guenneau S. , Alù A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe theoretically and numerically analyze thermal invisibility based on the concept of scattering cancellation and mantle cloaking. We show that a small object can be made completely invisible to heat diffusion waves, by tailoring the heat conductivity of the spherical shell enclosing the object. This means that the thermal scattering from the object is suppressed and the heat flow outside the object and the cloak made of these spherical shells behaves as if the object is not present. Thermal invisibility may open new vistas in hiding hot spots in infrared thermography, military furtivity and electronics heating reduction.
Mechanism of the Defect Formation in Supported Graphene by Energetic Heavy Ion Irradiation: the Substrate Effect
Authors: Li Weisen , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Xitong , Zhao Shijun , Duan Huiling , Xue Jianming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough ion beam technology has frequently been used for introducing defects in graphene, the associated key mechanism of the defect formation under ion irradiation is still largely unclear. We report a systematic study of the ion irradiation experiments on SiO2-supported graphene and quantitatively compare the experimental results with molecular dynamic simulations. We find that the substrate is, in fact, of great importance in the defect formation process, as the defects in graphene are mostly generated through an indirect process by the sputtered atoms from the substrate.
K-space polarimetry of bullseye plasmon antennas
Authors: Osorio Clara I. , Mohtashami Abbas , Koenderink A. Femius 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSurface plasmon resonators can drastically redistribute incident light over different output wave vectors and polarizations. This can lead for instance to sub-diffraction sized nanoapertures in metal films that beam and to nanoparticle antennas that enable efficient conversion of photons between spatial modes, or helicity channels. We present a polarimetric Fourier microscope as a new experimental tool to completely characterize the angle-dependent polarization-resolved scattering of single nanostructures. Polarimetry allows determining the full Stokes parameters from just six Fourier images. The degree of polarization and the polarization ellipse are measured for each scattering direction collected by a high NA objective. We showcase the method on plasmonic bullseye antennas in a metal film, which are known to beam light efficiently. We find rich results for the polarization state of the beamed light, including complete conversion of input polarization from linear to circular and from one helicity to another. In addition to uncovering new physics for plasmonic groove antennas, the described technique projects to have a large impact in nanophotonics, in particular towards the investigation of a broad range of phenomena ranging from photon spin Hall effects, polarization to orbital angular momentum transfer and design of plasmon antennas.
Trapping and assembling of particles and live cells on large-scale random gold nano-island substrates
Authors: Kang Zhiwen , Chen Jiajie , Wu Shu-Yuen , Chen Kun , Kong Siu-Kai , Yong Ken-Tye , Ho Ho-Pui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrated the use of random plasmonic nano-islands for optical trapping and assembling of particles and live cells into highly organized pattern with low power density. The observed trapping effect is attributed to the net contribution due to near-field optical trapping force and long-range thermophoretic force, which overcomes the axial convective drag force, while the lateral convection pushes the target objects into the trapping zone. Our work provides a simple platform for on-chip optical manipulation of nano- and micro-sized objects and may find applications in physical and life sciences.
Ipilimumab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of regulatory T cells ex vivo by nonclassical monocytes in melanoma patients
Authors: Romano Emanuela , Kusio-Kobialka Monika , Foukas Periklis G. , Baumgaertner Petra , Meyer Christiane , Ballabeni Pierluigi , Michielin Olivier , Weide Benjamin , Romero Pedro , Speiser Daniel E. 
Published: April 2015

SignificancemAbs directed to inhibitory immune receptors represent a very promising class of immunotherapeutics. This study suggests a potential mechanism of action of ipilimumab (a fully human anti–cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4), by which FcγRIIIA (CD16)-expressing nonclassical monocytes kill regulatory T cells ex vivo via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Notably, at baseline, responder patients display significantly higher peripheral frequencies of nonclassical monocytes and a selective enrichment in tumor-infiltrating CD68+CD16+macrophages compared with nonresponder patients. If further confirmed, these findings may contribute to the generation of predictive biomarker panels, antibody design, and the development of rational combination therapies to promote antitumor immunity.
Molecular blueprint of allosteric binding sites in a homologue of the agonist-binding domain of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Spurny Radovan , Debaveye Sarah , Farinha Ana , Veys Ken , Vos Ann M. , Gossas Thomas , Atack John , Bertrand Sonia , Bertrand Daniel , Danielson U. Helena , Tresadern Gary , Ulens Chris 
Published: April 2015

Significance
In this study we take advantage of a recently described chimera of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), termed α7-AChBP. To date, more than 70 crystal structures have been determined for AChBP in complex with ligands that occupy the orthosteric binding site. Here, we use an innovative screening strategy to discover molecular fragments that occupy allosteric binding sites. In combination with X-ray crystallography we determine a molecular blueprint of three different allosteric sites in α7-AChBP. Using electrophysiological recordings on the human α7 nAChR we demonstrate that each of the three sites is involved in allosteric modulation of the receptor. Our study contributes to understanding the sites of allosteric binding in ion channels.
Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks
Authors: French Katherine L. , Hallmann Christian , Hope Janet M. , Schoon Petra L. , Zumberge J. Alex , Hoshino Yosuke , Peters Carl A. , George Simon C. , Love Gordon D. , Brocks Jochen J. , Buick Roger , Summons Roger E. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The advent of oxygenic photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of complex life on an oxygenated planet, but it is unknown when this transformative biochemistry emerged. The existing hydrocarbon biomarker record requires that oxygenic photosynthesis and eukaryotes emerged more than 300 million years before the Great Oxidation Event [∼2.4 billion years ago (Ga)]. We report that hopane and sterane concentrations measured in new ultraclean Archean drill cores from Australia are comparable to blank concentrations, yet their concentrations in the exteriors of conventionally collected cores of stratigraphic equivalence exceed blank concentrations by more than an order of magnitude due to surficial contamination. Consequently, previous hydrocarbon biomarker reports no longer provide valid evidence for the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis and eukaryotes by ∼2.7 Ga.
Metabolic and trophic interactions modulate methane production by Arctic peat microbiota in response to warming
Authors: Tveit Alexander Tøsdal , Urich Tim , Frenzel Peter , Svenning Mette Marianne 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Microorganisms are key players in emissions of the greenhouse gas (GHG) methane from anoxic carbon-rich peat soils of the Arctic permafrost region. Although available data and modeling suggest a significant temperature-induced increase of GHG emissions from these regions by the end of this century, the controls of and interactions within the underlying microbial networks are largely unknown. This temperature-gradient study of an Arctic peat soil using integrated omics techniques reveals critical temperatures at which microbial adaptations cause changes in metabolic bottlenecks of anaerobic carbon-degradation pathways. In particular taxonomic shifts within functional guilds at different levels of the carbon degradation cascade enable a fast adaptation of the microbial system resulting in high methane emissions at all temperatures.
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are activated by exposure of a cryptic tethered agonist
Authors: Stoveken Hannah M. , Hajduczok Alexander G. , Xu Lei , Tall Gregory G. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate tissue development and cancer progression. Intact adhesion GPCRs are unique two-protomer receptors that undergo biosynthetic self-proteolyzation at a conserved site between the extracellular domain and the seven transmembrane (7TM) domain. We demonstrate the activation mechanism of adhesion GPCRs. The 7TM domain N-terminal stalk lies encrypted within the noncovalently bound extracellular domain. When the extracellular domain is dissociated, perhaps naturally by ligand action, the 7TM stalk is revealed. We demonstrate that the stalk acts as a tethered agonist of the 7TM to facilitate direct activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Synthetic peptides comprising adhesion GPCR 7TM domain stalks are sufficient receptor agonists, raising the possibility for the development of adhesion GPCR synthetic peptide modulators.
Dose-dependent regulation of microbial activity on sinking particles by polyunsaturated aldehydes: Implications for the carbon cycle
Authors: Edwards Bethanie R. , Bidle Kay D. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Phytoplankton live in the sunlit surface waters of the ocean, and through photosynthesis they convert atmospherically derived carbon dioxide into their biomass. A fraction of this biomass sinks into the darker depths where it is colonized by bacteria that turn it back into carbon dioxide through respiration. Thus, phytoplankton–bacteria interactions effectively transport carbon dioxide from the atmosphere deep into the ocean. We discovered that the biomass of some phytoplankton contains bioactive molecules that stimulate these associated bacteria, resulting in respiration of phytoplankton biomass at shallower depths. Given that the ocean mixes gradually over time, carbon dioxide released by bacteria at shallower depths returns to the surface more quickly and thereby is “sequestered” from the atmosphere for a shorter duration.
The ribosome can discriminate the chirality of amino acids within its peptidyl-transferase center
Authors: Englander Michael T. , Avins Joshua L. , Fleisher Rachel C. , Liu Bo , Effraim Philip R. , Wang Jiangning , Schulten Klaus , Leyh Thomas S. , Gonzalez Ruben L. , Cornish Virginia W. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Utilization of the translation machinery (TM) to incorporate unnatural amino acids (UAAs) to create polymers with novel function holds great promise for synthetic biology. Many useful UAAs, however, are not substrates for the TM, yet the mechanistic bases for the TM’s ability to discriminate against UAAs remain unknown. Here we elucidate the mechanistic basis for the impaired incorporation efficiency of D-amino acids. We show that the ribosome discriminates the chirality of the amino acid within its peptidyl-transferase center (PTC). Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism through which D-aminoacyl-tRNAs (D-aa-tRNAs) interfere with translation, provide insight into how the TM might be engineered to use D-aa-tRNAs, and suggest additional physiological utility to a widely distributed enzyme that clears D-aa-tRNAs from cells.
A site of varicella-zoster virus vulnerability identified by structural studies of neutralizing antibodies bound to the glycoprotein complex gHgL
Authors: Xing Yi , Oliver Stefan L. , Nguyen TuongVi , Ciferri Claudio , Nandi Avishek , Hickman Julie , Giovani Cinzia , Yang Edward , Palladino Giuseppe , Grose Charles , Uematsu Yasushi , Lilja Anders E. , Arvin Ann M. , Carfí Andrea 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Mapping neutralizing epitopes on viral entry glycoproteins allows the identification of potentially important functional regions. The structure of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gHgL bound to two antibodies isolated from immune donors reveals a common binding site. Functional experiments demonstrate that the two antibodies neutralize VZV infection and inhibit glycoprotein gB/glycoprotein complex gHgL-mediated membrane fusion. Immunization experiments in mice demonstrate that VZV gHgL elicits potently neutralizing antibodies and confirm the key role of this antigenic site in antibody-mediated virus neutralization. This manuscript sheds light on the molecular mechanism of herpesvirus cell entry and will guide the design of subunit-based vaccines against VZV.
Energy and material flows of megacities
Authors: Kennedy Christopher A. , Stewart Iain , Facchini Angelo , Cersosimo Igor , Mele Renata , Chen Bin , Uda Mariko , Kansal Arun , Chiu Anthony , Kim Kwi-gon , Dubeux Carolina , Lebre La Rovere Emilio , Cunha Bruno , Pincetl Stephanie , Keirstead James , Barles Sabine , Pusaka Semerdanta , Gunawan Juniati , Adegbile Michael , Nazariha Mehrdad , Hoque Shamsul , Marcotullio Peter J. , González Otharán Florencia , Genena Tarek , Ibrahim Nadine , Farooqui Rizwan , Cervantes Gemma , Sahin Ahmet Duran 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Our quantification of energy and material flows for the world’s 27 megacities is a major undertaking, not previously achieved. The sheer magnitude of these flows (e.g., 9% of global electricity, 10% of gasoline; 13% of solid waste) shows the importance of megacities in addressing global environmental challenges. In aggregate the resource flows through megacities are consistent with scaling laws for cities. Statistical relations are established for electricity use, heating/industrial fuels, ground transportation, water consumption, waste generation, and steel production in terms of heating-degree days, urban form, economic activity, and population growth. Analysis at the microscale shows that electricity use is strongly correlated with building floor area, explaining the macroscale correlation between per capita electricity use and urbanized area per capita.
Inactivation of EWS reduces PGC-1α protein stability and mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Park Jun Hong , Kang Hong-Jun , Lee Yun Kyung , Kang Hyeog , Kim Jihyun , Chung Jay H. , Chang Ji Suk , McPherron Alexandra C. , Lee Sean Bong 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is essential for various cellular processes but its role in energy metabolism has not been demonstrated. This study identifies a new role of EWS in mitochondria and cellular energy homeostasis. Loss of EWS leads to increased degradation of PGC-1α, a critical protein in maintaining mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. The increased degradation is due to an increased expression of FBXW7, a protein that promotes PGC-1α degradation. In mice lacking EWS, significant decreases in PGC-1α levels and in mitochondria number and function are observed in brown fat, skeletal muscles, and liver. A novel role in mitochondrial and energy homeostasis provides new insights into the expanding role of EWS and suggests an altered energy metabolism in tumors with EWS translocations.