bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally finitely presented categories with no flat objects
Authors: Estrada Sergio , Saorín Manuel 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
If X is a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme, the
category
Qcoh(X) of quasi-coherent sheaves on X is locally finitely presented. Therefore categorical flat quasi-coherent sheaves in
the sense of Stenström (1968) naturally arise. But there is also the standard
definition
of flatness in
Qcoh(X) from the stalks. So it makes sense to wonder the relationship (if
any) between these two notions. In this paper we show that there are
plenty of
locally finitely presented categories having no other categorical flats than
the zero object. As particular instance, we show that Qcoh(𝐏
n
(R)) has no other
categorical flat objects than zero, where R is any commutative ring.
Functional and structural insights into astacin metallopeptidases
Authors: Gomis-Rüth F. Xavier , Trillo-Muyo Sergio , Stöcker Walter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The astacins are a family of multi-domain metallopeptidases with manifold functions in metabolism. They are either secreted or membrane-anchored and are regulated by being synthesized as inactive zymogens and also by co-localizing protein inhibitors. The distinct family members consist of N-terminal signal peptides and pro-segments, zinc-dependent catalytic domains, further downstream extracellular domains, transmembrane anchors, and cytosolic domains. The catalytic domains of four astacins and the zymogen of one of these have been structurally characterized and shown to comprise compact ∼200-residue zinc-dependent moieties divided into an N-terminal and a C-terminal sub-domain by an active-site cleft. Astacins include an extended zinc-binding motif (HEXXHXXGXXH) which includes three metal ligands and groups them into the metzincin clan of metallopeptidases. In mature, unbound astacins, a conserved tyrosine acts as an additional zinc ligand, which is swung out upon substrate or inhibitor binding in a ‘tyrosine switch’ motion. Other characteristic structural elements of astacin catalytic domains are three large α-helices and a five-stranded β-sheet, as well as two or three disulfide bonds. The N-terminal pro-segments are variable in length and rather unstructured. They inhibit the catalytic zinc following an ‘aspartate-switch’ mechanism mediated by an aspartate embedded in a conserved motif (FXGD). Removal of the pro-segment uncovers a deep and extended active-site cleft, which in general shows preference for aspartate residues in the specificity pocket (S1′). Furthermore, astacins undergo major rearrangement upon activation within an ‘activation domain,’ and show a slight hinge movement when binding substrates or inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the overall architecture of astacin catalytic domains and their involvement in function and zymogenic activation.
Structural analysis of the C-terminal domain of the spliceosomal helicase Prp22
Authors: Kudlinzki Denis , Schmitt Andreas , Christian Henning , Ficner Ralf 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Splicing of pre-mRNA requires the activity of at least eight different DEAD/H-box proteins that are involved in distinct steps of the splicing process. These proteins are driving the spliceosomal machinery by ATP-dependent unwinding of dsRNA and/or disrupting protein-RNA complexes. The spliceosomal DEAH-box proteins Prp2, Prp16, Prp22 and Prp43 share homologous C-terminal domains (CTD). We have determined the crystal structure of the CTD of human Prp22 by means of MAD. The fold of the human Prp22-CTD closely resembles that of the yeast Prp43-CTD. The similarity of these helicase-associated CTDs to the winged-helix and ratchet domains of the DNA helicase Hel308 suggests an analogous function in dsRNA binding and unwinding. Here, we also demonstrate that the CTD has a significant impact on the ATPase activity of yPrp22 in vitro. Homology modeling of the CTDs of hPrp2, hPrp16 and hPrp43 suggests that the CTDs of spliceosomal helicases contain conserved positively charged patches on their surfaces representing a common RNA-binding surface as well as divergent regions most likely mediating specific interactions with different proteins of the spliceosome.
β-Trefoil inhibitors – from the work of Kunitz onward
Authors: Renko Miha , Sabotič Jerica , Turk Dušan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Protein protease inhibitors are the tools of nature in controlling proteolytic enzymes. They come in different shapes and sizes. The β-trefoil protease inhibitors that come from plants, first discovered by Kunitz, were later complemented with representatives from higher fungi. They inhibit serine (families S1 and S8) and cysteine proteases (families C1 and C13) as well as other hydrolases. Their versatility is the result of the plasticity of the loops coming out of the stable β-trefoil scaffold. For this reason, they display several different mechanisms of inhibition involving different positions of the loops and their combinations. Natural diversity, as well as the initial successes in de novo protein engineering, makes the β-trefoil proteins a promising starting point for the generation of strong, specific, multitarget inhibitors capable of inhibiting multiple types of hydrolytic enzymes and simultaneously interacting with different protein, carbohydrate, or DNA molecules. This pool of knowledge opens up new possibilities for the exploration of their naturally occurring as well as modified properties for applications in many fields of medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture.
Withaferin A binds covalently to the N-terminal domain of annexin A2
Authors: Ozorowski Gabriel , Ryan Christopher M. , Whitelegge Julian P. , Luecke Hartmut 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a 38-kDa member of the Ca2+-binding annexin family, has been implicated in numerous cancer pathways. Withaferin A (WithfA), a natural plant compound, has been reported previously to bind covalently to Cys133 of the AnxA2 core domain leading to a reduction of the invasive capabilities of cancer cells by altering their cytoskeleton. We show here that AnxA2 has an inhibitory effect on actin polymerization, and a modification with WithfA significantly increases this inhibitory role of AnxA2. Using mass spectrometry and single-site mutants, we localized the WithfA-AnxA2 interaction to the N-terminal domain of AnxA2 where WithfA binds covalently to Cys9. Whereas binding to F-actin filaments has been mapped to the C terminus of AnxA2, our results suggest that the N-terminal domain modified by WithfA may also play a role in the AnxA2-actin interaction. The binding of WithfA may regulate the AnxA2-mediated actin dynamics in two distinct ways: (i) the increase of F-actin bundling activity by the Anx2/p11 heterotetramer and (ii) the decrease of actin polymerization as a result of the increased affinity of AnxA2 to the barbed end of actin microfilaments. We demonstrate the susceptibility of Cys9 of AnxA2 to chemical modifications and exclude Cys133 as a binding site for WithfA.
Structural basis of [NiFe] hydrogenase maturation by Hyp proteins
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Sasaki Daisuke , Tominaga Taiga , Miki Kunio 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
[NiFe] hydrogenases catalyze reversible hydrogen production/consumption. The active site of [NiFe] hydrogenases contains a complex NiFe(CN)2CO center, and the biosynthesis/maturation of these enzymes is a complex and dynamic process, primarily involving six Hyp proteins (HypABCDEF). HypA and HypB are involved in the Ni insertion, whereas the other four Hyp proteins (HypCDEF) are required for the biosynthesis, assembly and insertion of the Fe(CN)2CO group. Over the last decades, a large number of functional and structural studies on maturation proteins have been performed, revealing detailed functions of each Hyp protein and the framework of the maturation pathway. This article will focus on recent advances in structural studies of the Hyp proteins and on mechanistic insights into the [NiFe] hydrogenase maturation.
Implementation of the Secondary 2 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S.: observations based on the co-walker scheme
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Ho Vicky Y.T. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The present study examined the implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) at Secondary 2 level in the third year of the initial phase of the project in Hong Kong. Classroom observations of 222 units in 148 schools were conducted under the co-walker scheme. Results generally showed that the overall level of program adherence was high and different dimensions of program delivery were positively correlated amongst themselves. Instructors’ use of positive and supportive feedback, degree of achievement of the objectives, and lesson preparation significantly predicted both the overall implementation quality and perceived success of the program. While instructors’ interactive delivery method and their familiarity with the students predicted overall implementation quality, student participation and involvement, and opportunity for reflection were predictive of implementation success. In conjunction with other evaluation findings, the present study lends further support to the high implementation quality of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
A stakeholder-collaborative evaluation of intervention for students with greater psychosocial needs
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Tier 2 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) in Hong Kong was designed and implemented by school social workers targeting adolescents with greater psychosocial needs. Based on the responses of 237 participants, 48 program implementers wrote down five conclusions on the program effectiveness in their reports submitted to the funding body. Based on a stakeholder-collaborative approach involving secondary data analyses, results showed that most conclusions were positive regarding participants’ perceptions of the program, instructors and their perceived program effectiveness, although there were also conclusions reflecting difficulties encountered and suggestions for improvements. In conjunction with the previous evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the Tier 2 Program was well received by the stakeholders and the program was beneficial to the development of the program participants.
Impact of Project P.A.T.H.S. on adolescent developmental outcomes in Hong Kong: findings based on seven waves of data
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ma Cecilia M.S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The present study examined the longitudinal impact of Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) on adolescent developmental outcomes in Hong Kong. Using a longitudinal randomized group design, seven waves of data were collected from 24 experimental schools (n=4049 at wave 1) in which students participated in the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. and 24 control schools (n=3797 at wave 1). Results based on individual growth curve modeling generally showed that, relative to the control participants, participants in the experimental group had: (a) a higher level of positive development; (b) a lower level of substance abuse; and (c) a lower level of delinquent behavior. Participants who regarded the program to be beneficial also showed higher levels of positive development and lower levels of problem behavior than did the control school students. The present findings suggest that Project P.A.T.H.S. is effective in promoting positive development and preventing adolescent problem behavior in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.
Genomic advances for gene discovery in hereditary hearing loss
Authors: Avraham Karen B. , Kanaan Moien 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing is changing the face of genetic diagnosis and counseling. While in the past, it would take on average 1 to 5 years to identify a mutation leading to deafness, today, the genetic basis for deafness can be determined within months in a child or adult with inherited hearing loss. Obstacles and challenges still remain, but the field is changing at a dramatic rate, making gene discovery a much easier and more efficient task than in the past.
H∀Mcast - Evaluierung einer systemzentrierten
Middleware-Komponente für einen universellen Multicast-Dienst im Future
Internet
Authors: Meiling Sebastian , Charousset Dominik , Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Das Internet hat die globale Kommunikation durch eine einzelne,
adaptive Abstraktionsschicht revolutioniert. IP verbindet heute
Millionen von Anwendungen, welche wiederum über die Socket API an die
bisherige IP-Schicht gebunden sind. Eine Veränderung dieser
`Verbindungsschicht' ist in der Praxis nur schwer erreichbar. In
diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir den H∀Mcast-Ansatz einer
Multi-Service-Architektur für ein Future Internet auf höherem
Abstraktionsniveau. Für das Publish/Subscribe Modell eines
universellen Multicast-Dienstes integrieren wir heterogene
Netzwerktechnologien unter einer transparenten Anwendungsschnittstelle
mit abstraktem Namensschema und einer systemzentrierten
Middleware-Komponente. Eine gründliche Evaluierung der
Leistungsdaten unseres H∀Mcast-Prototypen kann in diesem Beitrag zeigen,
dass die entstehenden Anforderungen auf gegenwärtigen Endsystemen
problemlos bewältigt werden können.
Messung und Optimierung der Interaktionsgüte (Quality of
Interaction) zeitverzögerter CSCW-Anwendungen
Authors: Donick Mario , Daher Robil , Schwelgengräber Wiebke , Krohn Martin , Tavangarian Djamshid 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Zeitverzögerungen in Kommunikationsnetzen, z.B. interplanetaren Netzen
(IPNs), zeigen sich als Leistungseinbußen. Dies ist messbar bei technischen
Ressourcen und Diensten (z.B. niedrigen Datenübertragungsraten und
Verbindungsabbrüchen) und wird von menschlichen Akteuren wahrgenommen (z.B.
als erfolgloser Kooperationsversuch in CSCW-Anwendungen). In diesem Beitrag
zeigen wir, wie mittels des Konzepts Quality of Interaction (QoI,
Interaktionsgüte) die Bewertung technischer Ressourcen und Dienste
hinsichtlich des Interaktionserfolgs auf Anwendungsebene durchgeführt werden
kann, um Leistungseinbußen aufzudecken und QoI auf einem optimalen Niveau zu
halten. Dabei ist QoI eine Ergänzung zu Quality of Service (QoS) und Quality
of Experience (QoE, [1,2]).
A “New” Anarchism? – On Bifurcation and Transformation of Contemporary Anarchist Thought and Praxis
Authors: Vodovnik Žiga 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe article reflects main discrepancies between basic coordinates of classic anarchist thought and coordinates of contemporary anarchism, as it developed within the “post-Seattle” alter-globalization movement. The article ascertains that the anarchist renaissance within the alter-globalization movement is not fostered only by classical anarchism, but also by ideational currents that in the past had represented its main counterpoint. The question that the author addresses is therefore: Is it possible to talk about a “new” anarchism? Following a thorough examination of the alter-globalization movement, its genealogy and the main ideational currents within the movement, the author concludes, that a “new” or “post-ideological” anarchism does not offer important innovations only on the level of political praxis, but also on the level of theoretical paradigms. In the last part of the article, the author affirms these findings with an outline of redefinition of violence, political power, nation state and democracy within (contemporary) anarchism.
Principals or Beginners? The Regions and the Local Railway System (1997–2011)
Authors: Giulio Marco Di 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes the implementation of the Italian railway reforms, with a focus on the process of regionalization started in 1997. Indeed, this sector represents a relevant challenge for the Italian legacy in the field, traditionally regulated by the bureaucratic structure of the Italian Railways, under direct ministerial control since 1905. However, after 10 years of implementation, Regions seem to have not yet enough financial resources and administrative capacity to deal with this policy. In addition, the national incumbent (FS) initiated a successful lobbying campaign to restrict the market condition at regional level in order to protect its own domain. As a result, the regionalization process appears to be dominated by national actors and highly politicized dynamics which undermine the creation of a stable and accountable regulatory framework.
Women’s Substantive Representation in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives: Testing the Added Value of a ‘Claims-making’ Approach
Authors: Erzeel Silvia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStudies of women’s representation have often explored the link between women’s descriptive and women’s substantive representation in parliament, analyzing whether female representatives bring a unique – and often feminist– contribution to the representation of women’s interests. Recent studies however propose to apply a claim-based framework, leaving open how, why and by whom women’s substantive representation occurs (Celis et al. 2008). In this article, we put this new claim-based approach to the empirical test. More in particular, we consider its added value by studying the variety of claims made about women in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives (1995–2007). We conclude that a claim-based framework indeed brings additional actors and perspectives to the fore, but that there are limits as to which claims can be formulated and by whom.
Adsorption of Solvent Cations on Au(111) and Au(100) in Alkylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – Worm-Like versus Micelle-Like Structures
Authors: Su Yu-Zhuan , Yan Jia-Wei , Li Mian-Gang , Xie Zhao-Xiong , Mao Bing-Wei , Tian Zhong-Qun 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
By employing high resolution in-situ STM, the adsorption of alkylimidazolium-based cations of EMI
+
, PMI
+
, BMI
+
and OMI
+
on Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces are investigated systematically. The cation adsorption on both Au(111) and Au(100) are composed of double rows arising from counter-facing imidazolium-based cation pairs. On Au(100), the double rows associated with the four cations show micelle-like appearance along the two √ 2 directions of the Au(100) surface lattice units. The width of the double rows varies depending on the side chain length of the cations, but is constrained by the periodicity along the √ 2 directions. Anions of BF
4
-
, PF
6
-
, CF3SO
3
-
and Tf2N
-
do not influence the micelle-like adsorption structure. On Au(111), the double rows are formed only when the terraces are etched to several atoms wide. Most likely, the underneath Au surface experiences restructuring to accommodate the double row structure, and the worm-like orientation of the double rows is the consequence of strain release. Both the micelle-like and worm-like adsorption structures would be lifted upon cathodic potential excursions when the surfaces are driven to undergo ordinary Au(100)-hex and Au(111)-(√ 3 × 22) reconstructions. These results reveal that the ordered micelle-like structure on Au(100) and the irregular worm-like structure on Au(111) are of the same nature.
Gender Inequality: Sorting Out the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in the Anglo Male-Latino Female Earnings Gap
Authors: Avalos Manuel 
Published: September 2012

One of the most significant features of the U.S. economy in the 20th Century is the persistent earnings gap between men and women. The gap in earnings between Anglo men and women of color has also been an enduring featue of the U.S. labor market. Since 1949, the earnings gap between Latino women and Anglo men has remained virtually the same (53%–55%), even though Latinos have steadily increased their labor force participation at a faster rate than any other female group. While this form of gender inequality has received considerable attention, only a few studies have focused on the earnings of Latino women. This exploratory study tests the ability of a human capital model to explain earnings inequalities between Latino women (Mexican-American, Puerto Rican, and Cuban) and Anglo men. Using regression decomposition analyses, we also examine how the factors of race/ethnicity and gender affect the earnings differences between men and women. Our findings indicate that the human capital model accounts for less than 25% of the earnings difference between our male and female groups. When we control for the net effect of ethnicity holding gender constant, we find that the human capital model accounts for 83% of the earnings difference between Anglo women and racial/ethnic women, suggesting that gender is an important predictor in explaining the earnings gap. Given these results, we offer other possible explanations (e.g., economic restructuring) for the persistence of the inequality of earnings between Latino women and Anglo men. We conclude with some policy suggestions for alleviating this labor market problem.
Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablet of albendazole
Authors: Rane Devendra Revanand , Gulve Hemant Narhar , Patil Vikas Vasant , Thakare Vinod Madhaorao , Patil Vijay Raghunath 
Published: September 2012

Albendazole is broad spectrum anthelmintic use against many helminths. It is used for treatment of Threadworm, Hookworm, and Tapeworm. It has low bioavailability due to its first pass metabolism. In the present work, fast dissolving tablet of Albendazole was design with a view to and provide a quick onset of action. The main objective of the study was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Albendazole to achieve a better dissolution rate and further improving the bioavailability of the drug. Fast dissolving tablets prepared by direct compression and using super disintegrants in different concentration and evaluated for the pre-compression parameters. The prepared tablets were evaluated for post compressional evaluation. Among all, the formulation F3 containing 5%w/w superdisintegrant Crospovidone and 20%w/w Microcrystalline Cellulose was considered to be best formulation, which release up to 99.097% in 40 min.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i10.11848 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(10): 311-316