bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing sustainable low‐carbon transport in Indonesia: An assessment of provincial transport plans
Authors: Jaeger Andreas , Nugroho Sudarmanto Budi , Zusman Eric , Nakano Ryoko , Daggy Rachel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOver the past three years, Indonesia has tasked provincial governments with defining sub‐national actions to help implement the nationally appropriate mitigation action (NAMA) it pledged to the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) in 2009. This paper assesses provincial plans in Indonesia's Sustainable Urban Transport Initiative (SUTI) — a set of transport plans that developed in parallel to its NAMA — focusing on three key questions distilled from sustainable low carbon transport and multi‐level governance literature. The questions seek to shed light into whether provincial governments: (1) prioritize actions that avoid unnecessary travel and shift passengers to more efficient modes; (2) carefully consider funding and costs estimates; and (3) clearly define institutional roles and responsibilities. The assessment suggests that most provincial governments prioritize measures designed to improve vehicle efficiencies and shift to more efficient modes (rather than avoid and shift). Furthermore, there is little evidence of due diligence being performed in relation to estimating costs and seeking creative financing. Lastly, observations point toward low levels of cross‐agency collaboration and weakly defined institutional responsibilities at sub‐provincial levels. The results imply that Indonesia may encounter some of the same problems confronting developed countries such as the United Kingdom as they translate national climate targets into local transport actions. Three focused case studies suggest that provinces with greater population density, economic diversity, and experience with international organizations outperform other provinces. They may therefore serve as a useful model for sharing with other provinces that are further behind the learning curve.
Potential Use of Bacterial Community Succession in Decaying Human Bone for Estimating Postmortem Interval,,
Authors: Damann Franklin E. , Williams Daniel E. , Layton Alice C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBacteria are taphonomic agents of human decomposition, potentially useful for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) in late‐stage decomposition. Bone samples from 12 individuals and three soil samples were analyzed to assess the effects of decomposition and advancing time on bacterial communities. Results indicated that partially skeletonized remains maintained a presence of bacteria associated with the human gut, whereas bacterial composition of dry skeletal remains maintained a community profile similar to soil communities. Variation in theUniFrac distances was significantly greater between groups than within groups (p < 0.001) for the unweighted metric and not the weighted metric. The members of the bacterial communities were more similar within than between decomposition stages. The oligotrophic environment of bone relative to soft tissue and the physical protection of organic substrates may preclude bacterial blooms during the first years of skeletonization. Therefore, community membership (unweighted) may be better for estimatingPMIfrom skeletonized remains than community structure (weighted).
Why on the snow? Winter emergence strategies of snow‐active Chironomidae (Diptera) in Poland
Authors: Soszyńska‐Maj Agnieszka , Paasivirta Lauri , Giłka Wojciech 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA long‐term study of adult non‐biting midges (Chironomidae) active in winter on the snow in mountain areas and lowlands in Poland yielded 35 species. The lowland and mountain communities differed significantly in their specific composition. The mountain assemblage was found to be more diverse and abundant, with a substantial contribution from the subfamily Diamesinae, whereas Orthocladiinae predominated in the lowlands. Orthocladius wetterensis Brundin was the most characteristic and superdominant species in the winter‐active chironomid communities in both areas. Only a few specimens and species of snow‐active chironomids were recorded in late autumn and early winter. The abundance of chironomids peaked in late February in the mountain and lowland areas with an additional peak in the mountain areas in early April. However, this second peak of activity consisted mainly of Orthocladiinae, as Diamesinae emerged earliest in the season. Most snow‐active species emerged in mid‐ and late winter, but their seasonal patterns differed between the 2 regions as a result of the different species composition and the duration of snow cover in these regions. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests yielded positive results between each season and the number of chironomid individuals recorded in the mountain area. A positive correlation between air temperature, rising to +3.5 °C, and the number of specimens recorded on the snow in the mountain community was statistically significant. The winter emergence and mate‐searching strategies of chironomids are discussed in the light of global warming, and a brief compilation of most important published data on the phenomena studied is provided.
Validating the Absolute Reliability of a Fat Free Mass Estimate Equation in Hemodialysis Patients Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Nishida Yusuke , Moriyama Yoshihumi , Taoka Masahiro , Sato Takashi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe assessment of nutritional states using fat free mass (FFM) measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is clinically useful. This measurement should incorporate the patient's post‐dialysis weight (“dry weight”), in order to exclude the effects of any change in water mass. We therefore used NIRS to investigate the regression, independent variables, and absolute reliability of FFM in dry weight. The study included 47 outpatients from the hemodialysis unit. Body weight was measured before dialysis, and FFM was measured using NIRS before and after dialysis treatment. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the FFM in dry weight as the dependent variable. The measured FFM before dialysis treatment (Mw‐FFM), and the difference between measured and dry weight (Mw‐Dw) were independent variables. We performed Bland‐Altman analysis to detect errors between the statistically estimated FFM and the measured FFM after dialysis treatment. The multiple regression equation to estimate the FFM in dry weight was: Dw‐FFM = 0.038 + (0.984 × Mw‐FFM) + (−0.571 × [Mw‐Dw]); R2 = 0.99). There was no systematic bias between the estimated and the measured values of FFM in dry weight. Using NIRS, FFM in dry weight can be calculated by an equation including FFM in measured weight and the difference between the measured weight and the dry weight.
Effect of On‐Line Hemodiafiltration on P‐Wave Dispersion in Children
Authors: Sawires Happy , Makar Samuel , Zekry Hanan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractP‐wave dispersion (PWD) (difference between the maximum and minimum P‐wave duration), has been proposed as a useful predictor of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The consequences of hemodialysis (HD) on PWD and P‐wave duration have not been unequivocally documented and understood, and may be complex. We aimed in this work to demonstrate the effects of online hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF) on the risk of developing AF through assessment of PWD. Thirty‐three pediatric patients (14 males and 19 females with mean age of 11.66 ± 2.93 years) on conventional HD for at least 6 months underwent echocardiography, 12‐lead electrocardiogram and PWD calculation. Then they were switched to OL‐HDF for another 6 months and same parameters were reassessed. Thirty sex‐ and aged‐matched healthy children, served as controls. PWD significantly decreased upon switching to OL‐HDF (P < 0.001) and fractional shortening significantly improved (P < 0.001). Mean PWD of controls (24 ± 6 ms) was significantly less than PWD before and after OL‐HDF (P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Online HDF significantly decreased PWD and hence also the potential of AF development, which may invite a higher consideration of this renal replacement modality in a pediatric population.
Construct of Dialysis Employee Satisfaction: Acquiring Satisfaction Factors and Their Contributions
Authors: Gu Xiuzhu , Itoh Kenji 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe developed a construct of dialysis employees' satisfaction as an assessment framework and identified the crucial factors that contribute to overall job satisfaction. We also seek to capture some important characteristics of dialysis professionals' job satisfaction/dissatisfaction in Japan. A questionnaire was developed, including 35 facet‐specific job‐related satisfaction and 10 general satisfaction items in closed‐ended questions. A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted between August and October 2013. A total of 799 valid responses (87% of response rate) were collected from 46 physicians, 470 nurses and 251 technologists in the dialysis department of 43 facilities in Japan. Five satisfaction factors were derived by applying principal component analysis with 61% of cumulative variance accounted for. Physicians, nurses and technologists in the dialysis department shared a similar trend of job satisfaction that they were more satisfied with leadership, and communication and teamwork among the five factors, whereas their satisfaction level was relatively low with salary and welfare conditions. Physicians expressed the strongest satisfaction with any factor while nurses were the least satisfied. Nurses' and technologists' overall job satisfaction was mostly determined by satisfaction with self‐actualization, and work demands and workload. A five‐factor construct of dialysis employee satisfaction was identified. Overall job satisfaction of dialysis nurses and technologists were not overly high in Japan, and this seems to be caused by their relatively low satisfaction with self‐actualization and with work demands and workload. Therefore, it is suggested that their work conditions and environment must be improved to support their self‐actualization and to reduce their workload.
Association Between Modification of Phenolic Profiling and Development of Wine Color during Alcohol Fermentation
Authors: Li Si‐Yu , Liu Pei‐Tong , Pan Qiu‐Hong , Shi Ying , Duan Chang‐Qing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo solve the problem of wine color instability in western China, different additives (the maceration enzymes Vinozym G and Ex‐color, yeasts VR5 and Red Star, and commercial tannins) were added during alcoholic fermentation of Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.). The phenolic profile and color characteristics of wine were examined using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and CIELAB, respectively. The results showed that the combination of the enzyme Ex‐color with the Red Star yeast eased the release of non‐anthocyanins from grape berries into wine, whereas the use of enzyme Vinozym G and VR5 yeast enhanced the concentration of anthocyanins and achieved a higher red hue (a* value) and a lower yellow hue (b* value) in the wine. The addition of commercial tannins greatly promoted the level of gallic acid in the wine and led to a relatively higher concentration of anthocyanins. Partial least‐squares regression analysis was used to find out the major phenolics, which were in close relation with color parameters; principal component analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of different winemaking techniques to wine color. The combination of these 2 analytic methods indicated that Vinozym G and VR5 yeast together with commercial tannins should be an appropriate combination to enhance the stability of wine color during alcohol fermentation, which was related to a significant increase in cyanidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐coumaryl)‐glucoside, trans‐peonidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐coumaryl)‐glucoside, trans‐malvidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐coumaryl)‐glucoside, and malvidin‐3‐O‐(6‐O‐acetyl)‐glucoside‐pyruvic acid, all of which played an important role in stabilizing wine color.
Agricultural BMP Effectiveness and Dominant Hydrological Flow Paths: Concepts and a Review
Authors: Rittenburg Rebecca A. , Squires Audrey L. , Boll Jan , Brooks Erin S. , Easton Zachary M. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present a conceptual framework that relates agricultural best management practice (BMP) effectiveness with dominant hydrological flow paths to improve nonpoint source (NPS) pollution management. We use the framework to analyze plot, field and watershed scale published studies on BMP effectiveness to develop transferable recommendations for BMP selection and placement at the watershed scale. The framework is based on the location of the restrictive layer in the soil profile and distinguishes three hydrologic land types. Hydrologic land type A has the restrictive layer at the surface and BMPs that increase infiltration are effective. In land type B1, the surface soil has an infiltration rate greater than the prevailing precipitation intensity, but there is a shallow restrictive layer causing lateral flow and saturation excess overland flow. Few structural practices are effective for these land types, but pollutant source management plans can significantly reduce pollutant loading. Hydrologic land type B2 has deep, well‐draining soils without restrictive layers that transport pollutants to groundwater via percolation. Practices that increased pollutant residence time in the mixing layer or increased plant water uptake were found as the most effective BMPs in B2 land types. Matching BMPs to the appropriate land type allows for better targeting of hydrologically sensitive areas within a watershed, and potentially more significant reductions of NPS pollutant loading.
The European Court Of Human Rights: A ‘Culture of Bad Faith’?
Authors: Manco Noemi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show the gap between discourse and practice at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in Strasbourg. In fact, while the lexical field of human rights revolves around terms like ‘absolute’ and ‘inviolable’, the Court has relentlessly sought to soften the clout of the rights entailed in the European Convention it is supposed to enforce.This article first suggests an explanation as to why the ECtHR fails to take a strong stand in favour of individual freedoms and against state power. It then proceeds to present the legal array the ECtHR has developed to pursue this goal.
Points to Consider When Self‐Assessing Your Empirical Accounting Research
Authors: Evans John Harry , Feng Mei , Hoffman Vicky B. , Moser Donald V. , van der Stede Wim A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe provide a list of points to consider (PTCs) to help researchers self‐assess whether they have addressed certain common issues that arise frequently in accounting research seminars and in reviewers’ and editors’ comments on papers submitted to journals. Anticipating and addressing such issues can help accounting researchers, especially doctoral students and junior faculty members, convert an initial empirical accounting research idea into a thoughtful and carefully designed study. Doing this also allows outside readers to provide more beneficial feedback rather than commenting on the common issues that could have been dealt with in advance. The list, provided in the appendix, consists of five sections: Research Question; Theory; Contribution; Research Design and Analysis; and Interpretation of Results and Conclusions. In each section, we include critical items that readers, journal referees, and seminar participants are likely to raise and offer suggestions for how to address them. The text elaborates on some of the more challenging items, such as how to increase a study's contribution, and provides examples of how such issues have been effectively addressed in previous accounting studies.
Effect of Concession‐Timing Strategies in Auditor–Client Negotiations: It Matters Who Is Using Them
Authors: Sun Yan , Tan Hun‐Tong , Zhang Jixun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study, we examine how norms about the use of negotiation strategies by different parties in an auditor–client negotiation influence the relative efficacies of these negotiation strategies. We conduct an experiment with experienced auditors/financial managers as participants, who enter into a negotiation on an income‐decreasing audit adjustment with a hypothetical client/auditor who uses a strategy where the same concessions are given either at the start, gradually, or the end of the negotiation. We find that the concession‐end strategy is more effective than the concession‐start strategy when used by auditors; however, the reverse is true when these same strategies are used by financial managers. The concession‐gradual strategy leads to superior outcomes when used by either auditors or clients. We also provide evidence that auditors’ and financial managers’ perceptions of the norms relating to the use of these strategies correspond to what we propose in our theory.
Validating the power of mitochondrial metagenomics for community ecology and phylogenetics of complex assemblages
Authors: Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Crampton‐Platt Alex , Timmermans Martijn J. T. N. , Baselga Andrés , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

The biodiversity of mixed‐species samples of arthropods can be characterized by shotgun sequencing of bulk genomic DNA and subsequent bioinformatics assembly of mitochondrial genomes. Here, we tested the power of mitochondrial metagenomics by conducting Illumina sequencing on mixtures of >2600 individuals of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) from 10 communities.

Patterns of species richness, community dissimilarity and biomass were assessed from matches of reads against three reference databases, including (i) a custom set of mitogenomes generated for 156 species (89% of species in the study); (ii) mitogenomes obtained by the de novo assembly of sequence reads from the real‐world communities; and (iii) a custom set of DNA barcode (cox1‐5′) sequences.

Species detection against the custom‐built reference genomes was very high (>90%). False presences were rare against mitogenomes but slightly higher against the barcode references. False absences were mainly due to the incompleteness of the reference databases and, thus, more prevalent in the de novo data set. Biomass (abundance × body length) and read numbers were strongly correlated, demonstrating the potential of mitochondrial metagenomics for studies of species abundance.

A phylogenetic tree from the mitogenomes showed high congruence with known relationships in Chrysomelidae. Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity between sites were highly consistent with data from morphological identifications.

The power of mitochondrial metagenomics results from the possibility of rapid assembly of mitogenomes from mixtures of specimens and the use of read counts for accurate estimates of key parameters of biodiversity directly from community samples.
Association of CYP450 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the efficacy of epidural ropivacaine during mastectomy
Authors: LIU J. , XI H. , JIANG Y. , FENG Z. , HOU L. , LI W. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundRopivacaine is frequently used for local anesthesia in the clinic and is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in the liver. CYP450 polymorphisms may alter the therapeutic efficacy of drugs in patients. In this study, we selected six CYP450 polymorphisms from the dbSNP and HapMap databases, using a combination of functional analysis and Tag SNP strategies and examined these polymorphisms for association with the efficacy of epidural ropivacaine in patients during mastectomy.MethodsA total of 256 patients with breast cancer received thoracic epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine for elective mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance. Blood samples from patients were genotyped using the SNaPshot method.ResultsWe found that patients with rs11636419 AG and GG genotypes required lower doses of epidural ropivacaine than patients with the AA genotype (corrected P = 0.024 and P < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, patients with rs17861162 CG and GG genotypes required lower doses of epidural ropivacaine than those with the CC genotype (corrected P = 0.018 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant association between the other four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total or mean ropivacaine dose, the onset of ropivacaine, or the initial dose of lidocaine.ConclusionsOur present data demonstrate that CYP1A2 SNPs rs11636419 and rs17861162 alter the sensitivity of epidural ropivacaine in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. As such, detection of these two CYP1A2 SNPs may aid in the development of effective personalized treatments for breast cancer patients.
Emergency Physician Perceptions of Shared Decision‐making
Authors: Kanzaria Hemal K. , Brook Robert H. , Probst Marc A. , Harris Dustin , Berry Sandra H. , Hoffman Jerome R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesDespite the potential benefits of shared decision‐making (SDM), its integration into emergency care is challenging. Emergency physician (EP) perceptions about the frequency with which they use SDM, its potential to reduce medically unnecessary diagnostic testing, and the barriers to employing SDM in the emergency department (ED) were investigated.MethodsAs part of a larger project examining beliefs on overtesting, questions were posed to EPs about SDM. Qualitative analysis of two multispecialty focus groups was done exploring decision‐making around resource use to generate survey items. The survey was then pilot‐tested and revised to focus on advanced diagnostic imaging and SDM. The final survey was administered to EPs recruited at four emergency medicine (EM) conferences and 15 ED group meetings. This report addresses responses regarding SDM.ResultsA purposive sample of 478 EPs from 29 states were approached, of whom 435 (91%) completed the survey. EPs estimated that, on average, multiple reasonable management options exist in over 50% of their patients and reported employing SDM with 58% of such patients. Respondents perceived SDM as a promising solution to reduce overtesting. However, despite existing research to the contrary, respondents also commonly cited beliefs that 1) “many patients prefer that the physician decides,” 2) “when offered a choice, many patients opt for more aggressive care than they need,” and 3) “it is too complicated for patients to know how to choose.”ConclusionsMost surveyed EPs believe SDM is a potential high‐yield solution to overtesting, but many perceive patient‐related barriers to its successful implementation.
Financial reporting of European banks during the GFC: a pitch
Authors: Ratiu Raluca V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis short paper applies the pitch template developed by Faff (2015a), for a proposed accounting research project on financial reporting of European banks and the global financial crisis. I begin by giving a brief background to writing the pitch. I then give a brief commentary on my pitch, followed by a few key personal reflections on the pitch exercise itself.