bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOPOLOGY OF STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION IN A SOLID SLAB SUBJECT TO A NONUNIFORM BOUNDARY CONDITION: THE CARSLAW–JAEGER SOLUTION REVISITED
Authors: KASIMOVA R. G. , OBNOSOV YU. V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTemperature distributions recorded by thermocouples in a solid body (slab) subject to surface heating are used in a mathematical model of two-dimensional heat conduction. The corresponding Dirichlet problem for a holomorphic function (complex potential), involving temperature and a heat stream function, is solved in a strip. The Zhukovskii function is reconstructed through singular integrals, involving an auxiliary complex variable. The complex potential is mapped onto an auxiliary half-plane. The flow net (orthogonal isotherms and heat lines) of heat conduction is compared with the known Carslaw–Jaeger solution and shows a puzzling topology of three regimes of energy fluxes for temperature boundary conditions common in passive thermal insulation. The simplest regime is realized if cooling of a shaded zone is mild and heat flows in a slightly distorted “resistor model” flow tube. The second regime emerges when cooling is stronger and two disconnected separatrices demarcate the back-flow of heat from a relatively hot segment of the slab surface to the atmosphere through relatively cold parts of this surface. The third topological regime is characterized by a single separatrix with a critical point inside the slab, where the thermal gradient is nil. In this regime the back-suction of heat into the atmosphere is most intensive. The closed-form solutions obtained can be used in assessment of efficiency of thermal protection of buildings.
‘Bonded by reverence toward the Buddha’: Asian decolonization, Japanese Americans, and the making of the Buddhist world, 1947–1965
Authors: Masatsugu Michael K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines Asian and Japanese American participation in a post-Second World War global movement for Buddhist revival. It looks at the role that Buddhism and the World Fellowship of Buddhists organization played in shaping transnational networks and the development of a global Buddhist perspective. It contextualizes the growth of a ‘Buddhist world’ within the history of decolonization and Japanese American struggles to reconstruct individual and community identities thoroughly disrupted by the war. The article considers Asian Buddhist approaches toward recognition as national and world citizens rather than colonial subjects and their influence on Japanese American Buddhists’ strategies for combating racial and religious discrimination in the United States. Finally, the article examines how Japanese Americans joined Asian efforts to formulate a distinctly Buddhist response to the Cold War. Buddhists hoped that Buddhism might serve as a ‘third power’ that would provide a critical check on a world increasingly polarized by Cold War politics and threatened by the prospects of nuclear war.
Adenosine-binding motif mimicry and cellular effects of a thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C isoenzymes
Authors: Kjær Svend , Linch Mark , Purkiss Andrew , Kostelecky Brenda , Knowles Phillip P. , Rosse Carine , Riou Philippe , Soudy Christelle , Kaye Sarah , Patel Bhavisha , Soriano Erika , Murray-Rust Judith , Barton Caroline , Dillon Christian , Roffey Jon , Parker Peter J. , McDonald Neil Q. 
Published: February 2013

The aPKC [atypical PKC (protein kinase C)] isoforms ι and ζ play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cell polarity and represent attractive anti-oncogenic drug targets in Ras-dependent tumours. To date, few isoform-specific chemical biology tools are available to inhibit aPKC catalytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the identification and functional characterization of potent and selective thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based chemical inhibitors of aPKCs. A crystal structure of human PKCι kinase domain bound to a representative compound, CRT0066854, reveals the basis for potent and selective chemical inhibition. Furthermore, CRT0066854 displaces a crucial Asn-Phe-Asp motif that is part of the adenosine-binding pocket and engages an acidic patch used by arginine-rich PKC substrates. We show that CRT0066854 inhibits the LLGL2 (lethal giant larvae 2) phosphorylation in cell lines and exhibits phenotypic effects in a range of cell-based assays. We conclude that this compound can be used as a chemical tool to modulate aPKC activity in vitro and in vivo and may guide the search for further aPKC-selective inhibitors.
Microcrystalline diamond micromechanical resonators with quality factor limited by thermoelastic damping
Authors: Najar Hadi , Heidari Amir , Chan Mei-Lin , Yang Hseuh-An , Lin Liwei , Cahill David G. , Horsley David A. 
Published: February 2013

Thin-film microcrystalline diamond micromechanical resonators with mechanical quality factor limited by thermoelastic dissipation in the diamond film are demonstrated. Surface micromachined double ended tuning fork resonators were fabricated from in-situ boron doped microcrystalline diamond films deposited using hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Time-domain thermoreflectance measurements show thermal conductivity of 110 W m−1 K−1 for heat transport through the thickness of the diamond film. Measurement of the quality factor of resonators spanning a frequency range 0.5–10 MHz shows a maximum Q = 81 646 and demonstrates good agreement with quality factor limited by thermoelastic dissipation using 100 W m−1 K−1 for the in-plane thermal conductivity of the diamond film.
PRICELESS CALCULATIONS
Authors: Pardo-Guerra Juan Pablo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
In this article, I forward an analysis of the art market that seeks to emphasize the often unexamined yet central economizing practices that fuel the circulation of objects and thus contribute to the distinct patterns of consumption, ownership, and mobilization of the art world. In stressing these economizing practices, I attempt to make visible the underlying sociality and symbolic practices that provide aesthetic and cultural meaning to artistic objects and institutions. The analysis presented here derives from the so-called performativity program and that has been extended in recent years throughout economic sociology. Specifically, this article draws on the performativity program to highlight the mechanisms through which artistic objects are taken-into-account prior to their circulation in the market. As is argued, such forms of actuarial practice are not restricted to orienting action within networks of market exchange; rather, they are partly constitutive of the aesthetic and cultural values attached to art in contemporary capitalism.
Reliability and Validity of a Standardized Measure of Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Libby Tanya E. , Lindley Megan C. , Lorick Suchita A. , MacCannell Taranisia , Lee Soo-Jeong , Smith Carmela , Geevarughese Anita , Makvandi Monear , Nace David A. , Ahmed Faruque 
Published: February 2013

Objective.To evaluate the reliability and validity of a standardized measure of healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination.Setting.Acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, physician practices, and dialysis centers from 3 US jurisdictions.Participants.Staff from 96 healthcare facilities randomly sampled from 234 facilities that completed pilot testing to assess the feasibility of the measure.Methods.Reliability was assessed by comparing agreement between facility staff and project staff on the classification of HCP numerator (vaccinated at facility, vaccinated elsewhere, contraindicated, declined) and denominator (employees, credentialed nonemployees, other nonemployees) categories. To assess validity, facility staff completed a series of case studies to evaluate how closely classification of HCP groups aligned with the measure's specifications. In a modified Delphi process, experts rated face validity of the proposed measure elements on a Likert-type scale.Results.Percent agreement was high for HCP vaccinated at the facility (99%) and elsewhere (95%) and was lower for HCP who declined vaccination (64%) or were medically contraindicated (64%). While agreement was high (more than 90%) for all denominator categories, many facilities' staff excluded nonemployees for whom numerator and denominator status was difficult to determine. Validity was lowest for credentialed and other nonemployees.Conclusions.The standardized measure of HCP influenza vaccination yields reproducible results for employees vaccinated at the facility and elsewhere. Adhering to true medical contraindications and tracking decimations should improve reliability. Difficulties in establishing denominators and determining vaccination status for credentialed and other nonemployees challenged the measure's validity and prompted revision to include a more limited group of nonemployees.
PLRS: a flexible tool for the joint analysis of DNA copy number and mRNA expression data
Authors: Leday Gwenaël G.R. , van de Wiel Mark A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Summary: DNA copy number and mRNA expression are commonly used data types in cancer studies. Available software for integrative analysis arbitrarily fixes the parametric form of the association between the two molecular levels and hence offers no opportunities for modelling it. We present a new tool for flexible modelling of this association. PLRS uses a wide class of interpretable models including popular ones and incorporates prior biological knowledge. It is capable to identify the gene-specific type of relationship between gene copy number and mRNA expression. Moreover, it tests the strength of the association and provides confidence intervals. We illustrate PLRS using glioblastoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Availability and implementation: PLRS is implemented as an R package and available from Bioconductor (as of version 2.12; http://bioconductor.org). Additional code for parallel computations is available as Supplementary Material.
Contact: g.g.r.leday@vu.nl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nozzle: a report generation toolkit for data analysis pipelines
Authors: Gehlenborg Nils , Noble Michael S. , Getz Gad , Chin Lynda , Park Peter J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Summary: We have developed Nozzle, an R package that provides an Application Programming Interface to generate HTML reports with dynamic user interface elements. Nozzle was designed to facilitate summarization and rapid browsing of complex results in data analysis pipelines where multiple analyses are performed frequently on big datasets. The package can be applied to any project where user-friendly reports need to be created.
Availability: The R package is available on CRAN at http://cran.r-project.org/package=Nozzle.R1. Examples and additional materials are available at http://gdac.broadinstitute.org/nozzle. The source code is also available at http://www.github.com/parklab/Nozzle.
Contact: peter_park@hms.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010)
Authors: Pham Christopher K. , Canha Angela , Diogo Hugo , Pereira João G. , Prieto Rui , Morato Telmo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Pham, C. K., Canha, A., Diogo, H., Pereira, J. G., Prieto, R., and Morato, T. 2013. Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 564–577. Official fishery statistics often fail to report what has been truly extracted from the marine environment. Therefore, in this study, we estimated illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) catch in the context of a small-scale fishery (the Azores) and provide an improved compilation of official catches, including whaling. Reconstructed removals during 1950–2010 total 1.10 million t (95% CI, 1.06–1.16 million t), a factor of 1.17 higher than the amount reported in Azorean official statistics. Unreported catches were attributed to foreign fishing activities (27%), recreational fishing (25%), discards from the demersal fishing fleet (21%), baitfish for the pole-and-line tuna fishery (11%), discards from pelagic longlining (7%), local pelagic fleet landing outside the Azores (3%), coastal invertebrate harvesting (6%), and big-game fishing (0.1%). The overall low level of unreported catches compared to other locations might reflect the small-scale nature of the fisheries, the geographic isolation of the islands, and the small size of its community.
Faltering lemming cycles reduce productivity and population size of a migratory Arctic goose species
Authors: Nolet Bart A. , Bauer Silke , Feige Nicole , Kokorev Yakov I. , Popov Igor Yu. , Ebbinge Barwolt S. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe huge changes in population sizes of Arctic‐nesting geese offer a great opportunity to study population limitation in migratory animals. In geese, population limitation seems to have shifted from wintering to summering grounds. There, in the Arctic, climate is rapidly changing, and this may impact reproductive performance, and perhaps population size of geese, both directly (e.g. by changes in snow melt) or indirectly (e.g. by changes in trophic interactions).Dark‐bellied brent geese (Branta bernicla berniclaL.) increased 20‐fold since the 1950s. Its reproduction fluctuates strongly in concert with the 3‐year lemming cycle. An earlier analysis, covering the growth period until 1988, did not find evidence for density dependence, but thereafter the population levelled off and even decreased. The question is whether this is caused by changes in lemming cycles, population density or other factors like carry‐over effects.Breeding success was derived from proportions of juveniles. We used an information‐theoretical approach to investigate which environmental factors best explained the variation in breeding success over nearly 50 years (1960–2008). We subsequently combinedGLMpredictions of breeding success with published survival estimates to project the population trajectory since 1991 (year of maximum population size). In this way, we separated the effects of lemming abundance and population density on population development.Breeding success was mainly dependent on lemming abundance, the onset of spring at the breeding grounds, and the population size of brent goose. No evidence was found for carry‐over effects (i.e. effects of conditions at main spring staging site). Negative density dependence was operating at a population size above c. 200 000 individuals, but the levelling off of the population could be explained by faltering lemming cycles alone.Lemmings have long been known to affect population productivity of Arctic‐nesting migratory birds and, more recently, possibly population dynamics of resident bird species, but this is the first evidence for effects of lemming abundance on population size of a migratory bird species. Why lemming cycles are faltering in the last two decades is unclear, but this may be associated with changes in winter climate at Taimyr Peninsula (Siberia).
A highly conserved mycobacterial cholesterol catabolic pathway
Authors: García‐Fernández Esther , Frank Daniel J. , Galán Beatriz , Kells Petrea M. , Podust Larissa M. , García José L. , Ortiz de Montellano Paul R. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDegradation of the cholesterol side‐chain in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is initiated by two cytochromes P450, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1, that sequentially oxidize C26 to the alcohol, aldehyde and acid metabolites. Here we report characterization of the homologous enzymes CYP125A3 and CYP142A2 from Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155. Heterologously expressed, purified CYP125A3 and CYP142A2 bound cholesterol, 4‐cholesten‐3‐one, and antifungal azole drugs. CYP125A3 or CYP142A2 reconstituted with spinach ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase efficiently hydroxylated 4‐cholesten‐3‐one to the C‐26 alcohol and subsequently to the acid. The X‐ray structures of both substrate‐free CYP125A3 and CYP142A2 and of cholest‐4‐en‐3‐one‐bound CYP142A2 reveal significant differences in the substrate binding sites compared with the homologous M. tuberculosis proteins. Deletion only of cyp125A3 causes a reduction of both the alcohol and acid metabolites and a strong induction of cyp142 at the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that CYP142A2 serves as a functionally redundant back up enzyme for CYP125A3. In contrast to M. tuberculosis, the M. smegmatis Δcyp125Δcyp142 double mutant retains its ability to grow on cholesterol albeit with a diminished capacity, indicating an additional level of redundancy within its genome.
Identifying and managing nonsuicidal self‐injurious behavior in the primary care setting
Authors: Kameg Kirstyn M. , Spencer Woods Audra , Szpak Janene Luther , McCormick Marcy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeTo provide an overview of nonsuicidal self‐injurious behavior (NSSIB) for nurse practitioners (NPs) who see patients with this complex phenomenon in primary care settings.Data sourcesSelected research and clinical reviews.ConclusionsNSSIB is characterized as a low‐lethality, repetitive act that can alter or cause damage to the body tissue. Among researchers and those who work directly with young people, there is a general consensus that NSSIB is increasing in prevalence. Unfortunately, NPs often view self‐injuring patients negatively, likely because of a lack of knowledge as to how to help this special patient population.Implications for practiceAppropriate treatment can be initiated in the primary care setting; however, NPs must be aware of how and when to refer to specialty mental health services. Those with psychiatric comorbidities such as mood lability, anxiety, chronic emptiness or depersonalization, dysphoria, loneliness, anhedonia, or borderline personality disorder require management by mental health specialists. Patients experiencing NSSIB in response to command auditory hallucinations need immediate medical attention.
Intravenous Ethanol Increases Extracellular Dopamine in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of the Long–Evans Rat
Authors: Schier Christina J. , Dilly Geoffrey A. , Gonzales Rueben A. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundEthanol (EtOH) affects prefrontal cortex functional roles such as decision making, working memory, and behavioral control. Yet, the pharmacological effect of EtOH on dopamine, a neuromodulator in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is unclear. Past studies exploring this topic produced conflicting outcomes; however, a handful of factors (temporal resolution, method of drug administration, estrous cycle) possibly contributed to these discrepancies. We sought to mitigate these factors in order to elucidate EtOH's pharmacological effects on mPFC dopamine in Long–Evans rats.MethodsWe administered experimental solutions via an intravenous (iv), handling‐free route, monitored dopamine in the mPFC via microdialysis (10‐minute samples), and used male rats to avoid estrous cycle/EtOH interactions. First, we rapidly (approximately 2.7 ml/min) or slowly (approximately 0.6 ml/min) administered 1.0 g/kg EtOH and saline infusions, showing that the experimental methods did not contribute to dopamine changes. Then, a cumulative dosing protocol was used to administer 0.25, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 g/kg iv EtOH doses to evaluate dose–response. Finally, we monitored dialysate EtOH levels during an oral EtOH self‐administration session to compare the dialysate EtOH levels achieved during the pharmacological experiments to those seen during self‐administration.ResultsIV administration of a rapid or slow 1.0 g/kg EtOH infusion resulted in similar significant 55 ± 9 and 63 ± 15% peak dialysate dopamine increases, respectively. The 0.25, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 g/kg EtOH doses produced a nonsignificant 17 ± 5% and significant 36 ± 15, 68 ± 19, and 86 ± 20% peak dialysate dopamine increases, respectively. Self‐administration dialysate EtOH concentrations fell within the range of concentrations noted during the EtOH dose–response curve.ConclusionsThese experiments show that, using experimental methods that minimize possibly confounding factors, acute iv EtOH increases extracellular dopamine in the mPFC in a dose‐dependent manner, thereby clarifying EtOH's pharmacological effects on the mesocortical dopamine system.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors are Sensors for Ethanol in Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Ritzenthaler Jeffrey D. , Roser‐Page Susanne , Guidot David M. , Roman Jesse 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundChronic ethanol (EtOH) abuse in humans is known to independently increase the incidence of and mortality due to acute lung injury in at‐risk individuals. However, the mechanisms by which EtOH affects lung cells remain incompletely elucidated. In earlier work, we reported that EtOH increased the expression in lung fibroblasts of fibronectin, a matrix glycoprotein implicated in lung injury and repair. This effect was blocked by α‐bungarotoxin, a neurotoxin that binds certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) thereby implicating nAChRs in this process. Here, we examine the identity of these receptors.MethodsMouse lung fibroblasts were stimulated with EtOH (60 mM) or acetylcholine (100 to 500 μM) and evaluated for the expression of fibronectin and nAChRs. Inhibitors to nAChRs or the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) were used to assess changes in fibronectin expression. Animals exposed to EtOH for up to 6 weeks were used to evaluate the expression of nAChRs in vivo.ResultsFirst, in EtOH‐treated fibroblasts, we observed increased expression of α4 and α9 nAChR subunits. Second, we found that acetylcholine, a natural ligand for nAChRs, mimicked the effects of EtOH. Dihydro‐β‐erythroidin hydrobromide, a competitive inhibitor of α4 nAChR, blocked the increase in fibronectin expression and cell proliferation. Furthermore, EtOH‐induced fibronectin expression was inhibited in cells silenced for α4 nAChR. However, EtOH‐treated cells showed increased α‐bungarotoxin binding suggesting that α4 nAChR mediates the effects of EtOH via a ligand‐independent pathway. Knowing there are several important cysteine residues near the ligand‐binding site of α4 nAChRs, we tested the antioxidant NAC and found that it too blocked the induction of fibronectin expression by EtOH. Also, fibroblasts exposed to oxidant stress showed increased fibronectin expression that was blocked with α‐bungarotoxin. Finally, we showed increased expression of α4 nAChRs in the lung tissue of mice and rats exposed to EtOH suggesting a role for these receptors in vivo.ConclusionsAltogether, our observations suggest that α4 nAChRs serve as sensors for EtOH‐induced oxidant stress in lung fibroblasts, thereby revealing a new mechanism by which EtOH may affect lung cells and tissue remodeling and pointing to nAChRs as potential targets for intervention.