bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurassic Foraminifera from Jajiya Member, Jaisalmer Formation, Western Rajasthan
Authors: Talib Abu , Upadhyay Gagnesh , Haseen M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
The Jajiya Member of Jaisalmer Formation yielded a foraminiferal assemblage comprising twenty-three species dominated by the family Vaginulinidae. An Oxfordian age is assigned to the foraminiferal assemblage based on the record of some characteristic Oxfordian species reported from different parts of the world. The foraminiferal assemblage suggests an open marine shelf environment of deposition.
Silicate Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry: History, Principles, Techniques, and Application to Petrological Problems
Authors: Viswanathan S. , Mahabaleswar B. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
The importance of oxygen isotope geochemistry in studies of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial silicate rocks was recognized nearly sixtyeight years ago soon after the discovery of O18 and O17. As early as 1934, the significance of oxygen isotope variations in rocks and minerals was stressed by Russian geochemists who also pioneered the discipline of silicate oxygen isotope geochemistry. It is now known that processes involving isotopic interaction between rock and water, magmatic differentiation, and metamorphic recrystallization fractionate oxygen isotopes in the lithosphere. δ O18 (the conventional notation for reporting O18/O16 ratios in rocks and minerals) is highest in sedimentary rocks (17 to 35 ‰) and lowest in igneous rocks (4 to 12‰). Metamorphic rocks have intermediate values. δ O18 in mafic minerals (1 to 8‰) is lower than in felsic minerals (8 to 16‰). In igneous and metamorphic rocks, quartz is most enriched in O18 (10 to 16‰) and magnetite the least (1 to 2‰). An important application of O18/O16 techniques is in geothermometry, where these are capable of elucidating several petrological processes.
Estimation of Water Flow from Upper Reservoir of Azad Pumped Storage Power Plant, Using Geostatistical Methods
Authors: Aalianvari A. , Malekitehrani M. , Soltanomohammadi S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to estimate water seepage from the upper reservoir of Azad pumped storage power plant (PSPP), based on combined geotechnical investigations and geostatistical methods.Azad PSPP has been located in Sanandaj Province in Iran. In order to select the optimum water tightening alternative, such as clay blanket, concrete cover (or concrete lining), geomembrane, asphalt cover etc, estimation of water seepage from the reservoir is essential.Six exploratory boreholes were drilled at the pumped storage reservoir area and permeability tests (Lugeon tests) were conducted in all of them. Records at the boreholes have been considered as the main source for seepage calculations. Due to expansion of upper reservoir and a few boreholes, distribution of permeability and permeability changes in the reservoir area is not indicator of reservoir. In this research using geostatistical method (Kriging), lugeon values have been estimated for walls of reservoir. According to correspondence between estimated permeability distribution and geological conditions, the estimated values are acceptable. In addition results show that in about 60% of tests, permeability is very high and potential of water seepage is very high. Seepage was estimated for reservoir by using both analytical (vedernikov method) and numerical method. Results from both methods are very close and the average of seepage is around 280000 m3/day. From the results and general geological considerations, seepage is concentrated at fault zones. Results show that by using appropriate permeability distribution, the estimated values of water seepage are reliable. Due to the high amount of water seepage and economic importance of water in this region, water tightening is necessary.
Manganocummingtonite from the Mesoproterozoic, Sausar Fold Belt, Central India
Authors: Kanungo D. R. , Malpe D. B. , Leake B. E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract:
Manganocummingtonite occurs with spessartine, quartz and pyrolusite in the Chikmara area, Sausar fold belt, central India. Its composition is [Ca0.3–0.35(Mg3.3–3.5Mn1.6–1.8Fe2+1.4–1.5)(Si7.931-7.997Aliv0.003-0.069)O22(OH1.5-2.0 F0.0-0.5)] being fairly rich in Ca, which is indicative of metamorphic temperature in the amphibolite facies. The garnet contains 77.5% spessartine, 13% almandine and minor andradite, grossular and pyrope components. Unusually, there is no carbonate, pyroxene, pyroxmangite, rhodonite, magnetite or hematite. The available Al in the rock stabilized garnet and this mineral incorporated minor Fe3+ present in the rock as andradite component. The manganocummingtonite–garnet pairs developed at ~600°C during amphibolite facies metamorphism in low XCO2 system, stabilized with XMn/(Mn+Fe2++Mg)= 0.25 to 0.28 in the amphibole and 0.85 in the garnet and formed under unusually low fO2 conditions for the Sausar region, near channelized fluids which deposited quartz may have controlled the fO2.
Law and Economic Development: The Cautionary Tale of Colonial Burma
Authors: STANTON Thomas H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBurmese colonial history suggests that a legal system cannot operate independently from the felt needs of the people who are supposed to obey the law. Despite a monopoly of force for many decades, the British failed to create a sustainable legal system in Burma. Colonial status shifted Burma’s economic role from subsistence agriculture to the generation of large-scale exports. By undermining the traditional Burmese legal system and substituting Western international standards of property rights, enforceability of contracts, and an independent judiciary—all attributes of what some consider to be the “Rule of Law”—the legal system amplified and channelled destructive economic and social forces rather than containing them. This paper examines traditional Burmese law, the administration of law in British Burma, and the consequences of the new legal system for the country and its own stability. The paper concludes by suggesting lessons for Myanmar today, and for the study of the “Rule of Law.”
SCOTTISH PERSPECTIVES ON WAR AND PATRIOTISM IN THE 1790s
Authors: PLASSART ANNA 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe article examines Scottish discussions surrounding the French revolutionary wars in the early and mid-1790s. It argues that these discussions were not built along the lines of the dispute that set Burke against the English radicals, because arguments about French ‘cosmopolitan’ love for mankind were largely irrelevant in the context of Smithian moral philosophy. The Scottish writers who observed French developments in the period (including the Edinburgh Moderates, James Mackintosh, John Millar, and Lord Lauderdale) were, however, particularly interested in what they interpreted as France's changing notion of patriotism, and built upon the heritage of Smithian moral philosophy in order to offer original and powerful commentaries of French national feeling and warfare. They identified the ‘enthusiastic’ nature of French national sentiment, and the replacement of traditional patriotism with a new form of relationship between the individual and the nation, as the most significant and dangerous element to come out of the French Revolution.
WHAT REALLY HAPPENED AT THE WHITEHALL DEBATES? A NEW SOURCE
Authors: POLIZZOTTO CAROLYN 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA variant transcription of one of the Whitehall Debates has been identified among the Clarke papers. Located in volume 16 of the Worcester MSS, it records the latter part of the longest debate, on 14 December 1648, concerning the Second Agreement of the People. The fair copy of this debate by army secretary William Clarke (in volume 65 of the Worcester MSS) was previously believed to be the only surviving record. The new source provides additional text, clarifies obscure passages, and is generally easier to understand. Historians now have the advantage of another account of the meeting, which reveals its importance more fully. Although the Levellers’ Agreement was never to be implemented, the Whitehall Debates took place between Pride's Purge and the trial and execution of Charles I. The variant therefore sheds new light on the thinking of the army command and its advisers both religious and lay at this time of unprecedented constitutional crisis. It also provides the first documentary evidence that the army debates at Putney (1647) and Whitehall (1648–9) were not recorded by Clarke alone, but by a team of at least three secretaries.
RETURN TO NEVERLAND? FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND THE HISTORY OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE
Authors: MURPHY CHRISTOPHER J. , LOMAS DANIEL W. B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article considers the use of the UK Freedom of Information (FOI) Act in order to explore the history of British intelligence. While the intelligence and security agencies are themselves exempt from the Act, releasing only such archival material into the public domain as they see fit, the article will argue that this does not mean that FOI cannot be used productively in this area. Rather, by adopting a wider definition of ‘intelligence’, as advocated by Wesley K. Wark in this journal in 1992, FOI can be used as part of a broader research strategy to secure the release of information that allows the archival study of intelligence to move beyond the material released by the agencies themselves. The article will illustrate this point by drawing on relevant examples of successful FOI requests, while also highlighting some of the related practical challenges and limitations that its use has revealed.
THE OTTOMAN SIEGE OF VIENNA, ENGLISH BALLADS, AND THE EXCLUSION CRISIS
Authors: INGRAM ANDERS 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe second Ottoman siege of Vienna (1683) generated a higher volume of English writing than any other seventeenth-century event involving the Ottomans. This article focuses upon ballads written in the immediate aftermath of the siege and relates them to the concurrent English political context of the Tory reaction to the exclusion crisis. Situating these ballads within the publication milieu of pamphlet news and political polemic, it examines the figures who produced them and the audiences they were aimed at. Following from this, it shows how the use of commonplace images and associations with the ‘Turk’ as a recurring figure in early modern writing allowed these ballads to find, or depict, synchronicities between the events of the siege of Vienna, and the English political scene.
A role for nematocytes in the cellular immune response of the DrosophilidZaprionus indianus
Authors: KACSOH BALINT Z. , BOZLER JULIANNA , SCHLENKE TODD A. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe melanotic encapsulation response mounted byDrosophila melanogasteragainst macroparasites, which is based on haemocyte binding to foreign objects, is poorly characterized relative to its humoral immune response against microbes, and appears to be variable across insect lineages. The genus Zaprionus is a diverse clade of flies embedded within the genusDrosophila. Here we characterize the immune response ofZaprionus indianusagainst endoparasitoid wasp eggs, which elicit the melanotic encapsulation response inD. melanogaster. We find thatZ. indianusis highly resistant to diverse wasp species. AlthoughZ. indianusmounts the canonical melanotic encapsulation response against some wasps, it can also potentially fight off wasp infection using two other mechanisms: encapsulation without melanization and a non-cellular form of wasp killing.Zaprionus indianusproduces a large number of haemocytes including nematocytes, which are large fusiform haemocytes absent inD. melanogaster, but which we found in several other species in the subgenus Drosophila. Several lines of evidence suggest these nematocytes are involved in anti-wasp immunity inZ. indianusand in particular in the encapsulation of wasp eggs. Altogether, our data show that the canonical anti-wasp immune response and haemocyte make-up of the model organismD. melanogastervary across the genus Drosophila.
Trichomonads in birds – a review
Authors: AMIN AZIZA , BILIC IVANA , LIEBHART DIETER , HESS MICHAEL 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYMembers of the family Trichomonadidae, mainlyTrichomonas gallinaeandTetratrichomonas gallinarum, represent important parasites in birds with worldwide presence, since being reported in the 19th century. Especially Columbiformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes can be severely affected by trichomonads, whereas the majority of infections in Galliformes and Anatiformes are subclinical although severe infections are occasionally reported. With the recent appearance of deadly infections in wild Passeriformes the protozoan parasiteT. gallinaeobtained greater attention which will be addressed in this review. Although light microscopy remains the method of choice to confirm the presence of trichomonads molecular studies were introduced in recent years, in order to characterize the parasites and to establish relationships between isolates. Isolation of trichomonads is a prerequisite for detailedin vitroandin vivostudies and different media are reported to obtain suitable material. The limited information about virulence factors will be reviewed in context with the pathogenicity of trichomonads which varies greatly, indicating certain strain heterogeneity of the parasites. Options for treatment characterized by the leading role of imidazoles whose activity is sometimes hampered by resistant parasites remains a challenge for the future. Introducing more standardized genetic studies and investigations concentrating on the host-pathogen interaction should be helpful to elucidate virulence factors which might lead to new concepts of treatment.
The journey towards elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: not far, nor easy
Authors: FRANCO J. R. , SIMARRO P. P. , DIARRA A. , RUIZ-POSTIGO J. A. , JANNIN J. G. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYConsidering the epidemic situation of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at the end of the twentieth century, the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners strengthened disease control and surveillance. Over the last 15 years, the activities implemented through the National Control Programmes have brought gambiense HAT under control and now its elimination is deemed as an achievable goal. In 2012, WHO targeted gambiense HAT for elimination as a public health problem by 2020. The final goal will be the sustainable disease elimination by 2030, defined as the interruption of the transmission of gambiense HAT. The elimination is considered feasible, because of the epidemiological vulnerability of the disease, the current state of control, the availability of strategies and tools and international commitment and political will. Integration of activities in the health system is needed to ensure the sustainability of the elimination. The development of user-friendly diagnostic and treatment tools will facilitate the integration process. Adequate funding is needed to implement activities, but also to support research that will make the elimination sustainable. A long-term commitment by donors is needed and ownership of the process by endemic countries is critical.
Liposomes produced by reverse phase evaporation: in vitro and in vivo efficacy of diminazene aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi
Authors: OLIVEIRA CAMILA BELMONTE , RIGO LUCAS ALMEIDA , ROSA LUCIANA DALLA , GRESSLER LUCAS TREVISAN , ZIMMERMANN CARINE ELOISE PRESTES , OURIQUE ALINE FERREIRA , DA SILVA ALEKSANDRO SCHAFER , MILETTI LUIZ C. , BECK RUY CARLOS RUVER , MONTEIRO SILVIA GONZALEZ 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThis study aimed to develop and test the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of diminazene aceturate encapsulated into liposomes (L-DMZ) on Trypanosoma evansi. To validate the in vitro tests with L-DMZ, the efficacy of a commercial formulation of diminazene aceturate (C-DMZ) was also assessed. The tests were carried out in culture medium for T. evansi, at concentrations of 0·25, 0·5, 1, 2 and 3 μg mL−1 of L-DMZ and C-DMZ. A dose-dependent effect was observed for both formulations (L-DMZ and C-DMZ), with the highest dose-dependent mortality of trypomastigotes being observed at 1 and 3 h after the onset of tests with L-DMZ. The results of in vivo tests showed the same effects in the animals treated with L-DMZ and C-DMZ in single doses of 3·5 mg kg−1 and for 5 consecutive days (3·5 mg kg−1 day−1). It was possible to conclude that T. evansi showed greater in vitro susceptibility to L-DMZ when compared with C-DMZ. In vivo tests suggest that treatment with the L-DMZ and C-DMZ showed similar efficacy in vivo. The potential of the formulation developed in this study was clearly demonstrated, as it increased the efficacy of the treatment against trypanosomosis, but more studies are needed to increase the effectiveness in vivo.
Marine parasites as biological tags in South American Atlantic waters, current status and perspectives
Authors: CANTATORE D. M. P. , TIMI J. T. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYMany marine fisheries in South American Atlantic coasts (SAAC) are threatened by overfishing and under serious risk of collapsing. The SAAC comprises a diversity of environments, possesses a complex oceanography and harbours a vast biodiversity that provide an enormous potential for using parasites as biological tags for fish stock delineation, a prerequisite for the implementation of control and management plans. Here, their use in the SAAC is reviewed. Main evidence is derived from northern Argentine waters, where fish parasite assemblages are dominated by larval helminth species that share a low specificity, long persistence and trophic transmission, parasitizing almost indiscriminately all available fish species. The advantages and constraints of such a combination of characteristics are analysed and recommendations are given for future research. Shifting the focus from fish/parasite populations to communities allows expanding the concept of biological tags from local to regional scales, providing essential information to delineate ecosystem boundaries for host communities. This new concept arose as a powerful tool to help the implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, the new paradigm for fisheries science. Holistic approaches, including parasites as biological tags for stock delineation will render valuable information to help insure fisheries and marine ecosystems against further depletion and collapse.
Beyond Immutability: Sexuality and Constitutive Choice
Authors: Gill Emily R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdvocates for the equality and dignity of LGBT persons often suggest that the immutability of sexual orientation is their strongest argument. I believe that it is a weak one. First, the individual freedom that liberalism accords to people, absent harm to others, as necessary for human flourishing applies to sexuality as well as to other areas of existence. Second, the distinction often made between status and conduct is a false one, and the argument from immutability effectively protects neither. Third, I examine the notion of constitutive choice, arguing that the line between immutability and choice is more complex than many realize. Finally, greater attention to the notion of constitutive choice may broaden liberalism's hospitality to conceptions of the good in ways that better respect human moral agency and autonomy.
Robust output feedback control for the trajectory tracking of robotic wheelchairs
Authors: Chocoteco J. A. , Morales R. , Feliu V. , Sira-Ramírez H. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the trajectory tracking control problem of robotic wheelchairs in the presence of modeling uncertainties. The controller has been designed using position and angular measurements. A global ultra-model, or simplified model achieved from flatness considerations is proposed first. This model highly reduces the design complexity of the state estimation and the output feedback control tasks since it groups, as an unknown time-varying disturbance, both the combined effects of all uncertain state-dependent (i.e., endogenous) nonlinearities and those of external (i.e., exogenous) perturbation inputs which are present in the input-to-flat output model of the system. An extended linear high-gain observer, or Generalized Proportional Integral (GPI) observer, is then developed for the simultaneous, though approximate, state and disturbance estimation. The proposed feedback controller combines the global ultra-model and the GPI observers to conform an active disturbance rejection, or disturbance accommodation, control scheme. The simulation results presented in the paper show that the proposed method has a very good tracking performance and robustness in the presence of system uncertainties, external disturbances and noisy corruptions.
Nonlinear bilateral teleoperation using extended active observer for force estimation and disturbance suppression
Authors: Chan Linping , Naghdy Fazel , Stirling David , Field Matthew 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYA novel nonlinear teleoperation algorithm for simultaneous inertial parameters and force estimation at the master and slave sides of the teleoperation system is proposed. The scheme, called Extended Active Observer (EAOB), is an extension of the existing active observer. It provides effective force tracking at the master side with accurate position tracking at the slave side in the presence of inertial parameter variation and measurement noise. The proposed method only requires the measurement of robot position, and as a result significantly reduces the difficulty and cost of implementing bilateral teleoperation systems. The approach is described and its stability is analytically verified. The performance of the method is validated through computer simulation and compared with the Nicosia observer-based controller. According to the results, EAOB outperforms the Nicosia observer method and effectively rejects noise.
Co-occurring Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an adult with atypical cardiac phenotype
Authors: Tandon Animesh , Taylor Michael D. , Cripe Linda H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the case of a 29-year-old man with mutation-positive Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mutation-positive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. His cardiac phenotype has characteristics of both disorders; he manifests sub-epicardial left ventricular free wall late gadolinium enhancement that is consistent with Duchenne cardiomyopathy, as well as asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy, hyperdynamic left ventricular systolic function, and septal mid-myocardial late gadolinium enhancement, which are characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The radio remnant of Supernova 1987A at high frequencies and high resolution
Authors: Zanardo G. , Staveley-Smith L. , Ng C. -Y. , Gaensler B. M. , Potter T. M. , Manchester R. N. , Tzioumis A. K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs the remnant of Supernova (SN) 1987A has been getting brighter over time, new observations at high frequencies have allowed imaging of the radio emission at unprecedented detail. We present a new radio image at 44 GHz of the supernova remnant (SNR), derived from observations performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in 2011. The diffraction-limited image has a resolution of 349×225 mas, which is the highest achieved to date in high-dynamic range images of the SNR. We also present a new image at 18 GHz, also derived from ATCA observations performed in 2011, which is super-resolved to 0″.25. The new 44 and 18 GHz images yield the first high-resolution spectral index map of the remnant. The comparison of the 44 GHz image with contemporaneous X-ray and Hα observations allows further investigations of the nature of the remnant asymmetry and sheds more light into the progenitor hypotheses and SN explosion. In light of simple free-free absorption models, we discuss the likelihood of detecting at 44 GHz the possible emission originating from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) or a compact source in the centre of the remnant.