bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are Journals for?
Authors: Rallison SP 
Published: February 2015

‘The secret is comprised in three words – work, finish, publish.’ Michael Faraday There are many reasons doctors want to publish their work. For most at an early stage in their career, this may be to add a line to their curriculum vitae and advance their careers but for academics, publishing is an expectation. Many will believe they have something important to say, and wish to provoke debate and discussion; others wish to share knowledge and experiences, which in medicine can lead to a satisfying change in clinical practice. All serve to register one’s idea and educate others. However, for some, the reason is as basic as money. As we celebrate the 350th anniversary of the first academic publication, perhaps we have come full circle when it comes to why people publish? Publishing is a flourishing business. There were approximately 28,100 active scholarly peer-reviewed journals in mid-2012, collectively publishing about 1.8–1.9 million articles per year. The number of articles published each year and the number of journals have both grown steadily for more than two centuries, by about 3% and 3.5% per year respectively. 1 Journals have a responsibility to refine and define information and act as a scientific filter. Many of us will receive daily invitations in our email inbox from eclectic and new journals that are likely to take anything – is the filter now too porous? But this industry is like any other commercial activity and the supply still far outstrips the demand. Perhaps the internet revolution has merely fuelled our hunger to publish more? The launch of this exciting and innovative series about publishing coincides with the 350th celebration of the publication of the first academic journal. In the age of social media, the first question is ‘What are journals for?’, which Simon Rallison sets out to answer. Simon is Director of Publications at the Physiological Society, and was previously a journal publisher with Earthscan, Springer and Blackwell. Writing is hard work and, through this series, I hope the reader will get some useful insight into this service industry for academia. Jyoti Shah Commissioning Editor Reference 1. Ware M, Mabe M. The STM Report. 3rd edn. The Hague: International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers; 2012.
Screening strangers in Fortress Europe and beyond
Authors: Loshitzky Yosefa 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article, responding to the current crisis of European cultural identity, goes beyond the specific national context of film production in Europe, and discusses how the issues of migration and diaspora are challenging the conflicting, and sometimes conflating, ideas of post-Europe, Fortress Europe, post-Holocaust Europe, New Europe, post-nation Europe and transnational Europe. It asks how the films dealing with migration and diaspora challenge European identity, particularly traditional notions of Europeanness, and how they subvert or/and reinforce hegemonic and counter-hegemonic attempts to construct and deconstruct European identity. Opening a cinematic window onto this struggle, the article determines cultural and political patterns in the representation and negotiation of European identity in several European films from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, including Jasmin Dizdar’s Beautiful People (1999), Stephen Frears’s Dirty Pretty Things (2002), Mathieu Kassovitz’s La Haine (1995), and Michael Winterbottom’s In This World (2002), Code 46 (2003) and The Road to Guantanamo (2006).
Literature in the contact zone: Emily Apter’s ‘A new comparative literature’ and Achy Obejas’s ‘Sugarcane’
Authors: Cox Annabel 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article analyses the poem ‘Sugarcane’, by the Cuban American writer Achy Obejas, in reference to Emily Apter’s essay ‘A new comparative literature’. The connections between these two writings, including their links to certain aspects of Caribbean literary and cultural theory, are explored. The theoretical arguments of Edouard Glissant in particular are considered, Apter and Obejas being put into conversation with Glissant and other theorists such as E. K. Brathwaite in order to discuss the classification of Obejas’s text as a literature of the contact zone. As part of this classification, the ways in which Obejas’s poem elucidates Apter’s project of rupturing the links between language, nation and identity are examined.
Second-hand clothing commerce and the mobility cultural configuration: A journey to manhood
Authors: Castillo Rocío A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Second-hand clothes, advertised as brand new commodities, sold in street markets or small shops are a common landscape of contemporary Dakar. After the economic crisis that has stricken Europe since 2008, and the implementation of FRONTEX, international migration from Senegal to Europe has declined and newer forms of mobility and motility have emerged. The sale of second-hand clothing from China, Europe and the United States seems to be the main resource for some young men trying to access the economic and social space of migrants, and this is a popular outlet on the path to becoming an active member of society by gaining the social and economic status of grown men. The motility of their merchandise through transnational spaces bestows upon these young traders an aura of motility, which increases their merchandise value and their own social status, blending them into the reality of returning migrants. The objective of this article is to open up a discussion about the close link between second-hand clothing commerce, migration and the experience of manhood in contemporary Senegal, taking a cultural approach. The focus of this research is the ways in which young men use the cultural frameworks of migration in the selling of second-hand clothing in order to gain the resources and the social status of men. This article adds to the growing academic research that studies migration not only as a space–time movement, but also as a cultural configuration involving interactions between the structures, contexts and actions of those who move, those who stay and those who receive migrants.
Reviews
Authors: Norman Kelsey P. , Marino Sara 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Co-Ethnic Strangers: Immigrant Exclusion and Insecurity in Africa, Claire L. Adida (2014) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 188 pp. ISBN: 9781107047723, h/bk, £55.00
Migrant Memories. Cultural History, Cinema and the Italian Post-War Diaspora in Britain, Margherita Sprio (2013) New York and Oxford: Peter Lang, 290 pp. ISBN: 9783034309479, p/bk, £45.00
Completed monochorionic triplets after fresh-cycle single embryo transfer
Authors: Bedell James Laurence , Stelling James 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Single embryo transfer (SET) is the standard of care for in vitro fertilization procedures and is aimed at decreasing the rates of multiple gestations. We highlight a case report of a patient with monochorionic-triamniotic triplet gestations despite SET and discuss the necessity of counseling patients adequately prior to using assisted reproductive technology.
Optische Untersuchungen im Glimmlichtraum der Hochstromhohlkathode
Authors: Büger P . A. , Fink W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Measurements in the negative glow of a high-current hollow cathode show that the glow is stratified. The intensities of the different layers vary with current density and gas pressure. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that molecular bands predominate at the edge of the glow while ionic lines occur mainly in the center.
It has been found that the cathode dark space length, d, decreases with increasing gas pressure, p, and current density, j, while a relationship between j/p2, d, and the cathode fall has been established.
Das Maxwellsche Feld und das Invariantensystem zweiter Ordnung im dreidimensionalen Riemannschen Raume positiv-definiter Metrik
Authors: Börner M. 
Published: February 2015

Es wird gezeigt, daß die div-Relationen des Maxwellschen Feldes im Vakuum Folgen der Struk­tur des Kriimmungs- bzw. des Extensionstensors 4. Stufe im dreidimensionalen Riemannschen Raum mit positiv-definiter Metrik sind. Damit ist zusammen mit einer vorangehenden Arbeit 2 gezeigt, daß das gesamte Maxwellsche Feld im Vakuum eine Folge der Strukturmöglichkeiten des genannten metrischen Feldes ist, gekennzeichnet durch die lokale orthogonale Invariante l2
(2) ≠ 0. Es ergeben sich Einschränkungen für die Gültigkeit Lorentz-invarianter Gleichungen.
Darüber hinaus ist nunmehr erklärt, auf welche Weise der leere euklidische Raum, wie bei der Erledigung des Ätherproblems durch die spezielle Relativitätstheorie postuliert, zum Träger elektro­magnetischer Felder wird.
Blitzlichtuntersuchungen an organischen Farbstoff-Photohalbleitern
Authors: Meier Hans , Albrecht Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

Vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, daß das von Kepler und Le Blanc für Einkristalluntersudiungen ent­wickelte Impulsmeßverfahren, bei dem die durch einen Lichtblitz von etwa 1/2 Mikrosekunde Dauer ausgelöste Ladungsträgerwanderung oszillographisch registriert wird, auch für die Untersuchung von Farbstoff-Photoleitern geeignet ist.
Für undotierte und dotierte Farbstoffe verschiedener Klassen wurden mit dem Verfahren Drift­beweglichkeiten μ der Elektronen und Defektelektronen in der Größenordnung von 10-2 bis 1 [cm2/Vsec] bestimmt. Die an Phthalocyaninen gemessene Beweglichkeit μ > 1 [cm2/Vsec] und die bei Temperaturabnahme beobachtete Beweglichkeitszunahme bestätigten dabei die Anwendbar­keit des früher postulierten Energiebändermodells für die Beschreibung des Ladungsträgertrans­ports in Farbstoff-Photoleitern. Auch konnten ungelöste Probleme der organischen Halbleiter, wie die Frage der Ursache von n- und p-Leitung oder der Dotierung, mit Hilfe der Blitzlichtmethode einer Lösung nahegebracht werden.
Indirekte Bestimmung kurzer Relaxationszeiten von paramagnetischen Ionen in wäßriger Lösung
Authors: Glemser K. , Haeberlen U. , Hausser R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The width of the first Hfs-line of the Mn++ EPR-spectrum in aqueous solutions with added diamagnetic and paramagnetic iron group or rare earth ions was measured at 3 cm wavelength and at 300 °K. The difference ΔHD in linewidth of Mn++ in the paramagnetic and diamagnetic salt solutions is ascribed to dipolar interaction between Mn++ and the other paramagnetic ions e. g. Co++ , Ni++ and Ce3+ . The relaxation times τs of these ions are too short for the EPR-spectrum to be detected in liquids. From the excess linewidth ΔHD relaxation times Ts for Co++ , Ni++ and Ce3+ are estimated which agree well with τs results from proton relaxation measurements in paramagnetic salt solutions.
Aktivitätskoeffizienten bei Elektrolytschmelzen mit mehreren Komponenten
Authors: Richter Joachim 
Published: February 2015

Es wird eine Definition der Aktivitätskoeffizienten für binäre Elektrolytschmelzen aufgegriffen und so fortgeführt, daß man eine einzige Formel erhält, aus der man die Aktivitätskoeffizienten jeder beliebig zusammengesetzten Elektrolytschmelze ableiten kann. Für die Auswertung von EMK-Messungen findet man mit dieser Formel für den Logarithmus des Aktivitätskoeffizienten fk der Komponente k:

worin Φ die EMK der isotherm-isobaren reversiblen galvanischen Kette mit den betrachteten Komponenten und Φ0 die EMK der Kette mit der reinen Komponente k ist. q ergibt sich aus der in der Kette ablaufenden Reaktion; F ist die Faraday-, R die Gaskonstante, T die absolute Temperatur. Die ν und ϰ sind Zerfallszahlen und stöchiometrische Molenbrüche.
Es werden an Hand dieser Gleichung aus der Literatur experimentelle Werte der Aktivitätskoeffizienten ermittelt. Die bisher übliche Definition von anderen Aktivitätskoeffizienten wird kritisch untersucht.
Unitäre S-Matrix im Lee-Modell mit "Dipolgeist" und ein äquivalentes Modell
Authors: Karowski M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The N-2θ-sector of the Lee-model is solved in the special case of the "dipol-ghost" , and a unitary S-matrix is constructed. A general instruction is presented to construct the physical subspace of the whole state space with indefinite metric. This method is always applicable, if there are couples of "good" and " bad" ghosts. Another model with positiv definite state space is described, which has the same S-matrix a s the Lee-model with "dipol-ghost'2 in the N-θ-and N-2θ-sector.
Anioneneinflüsse auf die Elektronenspinresonanz von Mangan(II)salzen in wäßriger Lösung
Authors: Nehmiz P. , Stockhausen M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The mean esr linewidth of hfs components of aqueous mangenese salt solutions has been measured a t 9 GHz and room temperature from small to medium concentrations, also with added diamagnetic salts. In all cases the linewidth depends on the viscosity of the solutions. Further, already at very small concentrations a specific anion dependend line broadening has been observed, evidently resulting from ion pair formation. Roughly spoken, in the whole concentration range two anion families exist. Nitrate and halides show smaller line broadening, they form ion pairs with long lifetime. Sulfate, acetate and formiate show larger line broadening; they form ion pairs with short lifetime.
Das lichtelektrische Verhalten des Kaliums im festen und flüssigen Zustand
Authors: Lapp Otto , Neumann Kurt 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Massive potassium -layers are deposited by evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum upon a glasssubstrate. The photoelectric sensitivity of these very pure layers, which are polycrystalline, liquid or monocrystalline (solidified from melt), is measured in the spectral range from 380 nm to the threshold wavelength. From this the work function is determined by the Fowler-theory. The adaptation of the experimental points to the theoretical Fowler-curve succeed also in the short wave region of the spectrum, if the photoelectric sensitivity is referred to the light energy absorbed within the exit dephts of photoelectrons. The Fowler equation is also available to the liquid phase. At the phase-change liquid-solid and solid (solidified)-liquid, respectively, no measurable alteration of the work function am ounting to 2.30 ± 0.02 eV occurs. A significantly higher work function of 2.39 ± 0.01 eV, however, is obtained on polycrystalline potassiumlayers. consisting of (110)-planes. The quantum yields and the quantity constant of about 2.3 · 10-11 electrons/(photon degree2) calculated from the Fowler-equation do not show any discontinuity at the melting point. Within the measuring accuracy they are also independent of the crystalline constitution of the potassium.
Strukturbestimmung des Cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyls mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung an Gasen
Authors: Oberhammer H. , Brune H. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract Mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung an Gasen wurde die Molekülstruktur des Cyclobutadieneisentricarbonyls bestimmt. Übereinstimmend mit NMR Messungen in Lösungen ergibt sich für den Cyclobutadienring eine quadratische Struktur. Die wichtigsten geometrischen Parameter sind:
CRing-CRing = 1,440 ± 0,007 Å , Fe-CRing = 2,053 0,004 Å, Fe-Ccarbonyl =
= 1,780 ± 0,004 Å, Ccarbonyl - O = 1,148 ± 0,004 Å,
∢ CcarbonylFeCcarbonyl = 98,1 0,8°.
Die Wasserstoffatome des Cyclobutadienringes sind um einen Winkel von 8,6 ± 6,3° zum Eisen hin geknickt.
Selection Rules for Rotor Transitions in Completely Asymmetric Molecules with Planar Top and Frame and a Twofold Barrier
Authors: Pedersen Thorvald , Larsen Xiels Wessel , Dreizler Helmut 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this contribution selection rules for rotation torsion transitions are considered for completely asymmetric molecules. Quade gave two descriptions of this type of molecules resulting in two different invariance groups of both Hamiltonians lead to indentical selection rules.
Fine Structure in Channeling Lines
Authors: Rogge M. , Dünnweber W. , Mayer-Böricke C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is shown by calculations (classical treatment) that fine structure is to be expected in angular distributions of channeled particles. This fine structure will be superimposed on the normal smooth channeling line profile. It is due to coherent channeling. It requires high angular resolution and thin single crystals of uniform thickness for experimental detection. The fine structure pattern is sensitive to the details of the crystal potential.
Die Diffusion von Mangan in flüssigem Kupfer
Authors: Frohberg Martin G. , Pötschke Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An flüssigen Kupfer-Mangan-Legierungen mit einem mittleren Gehalt von 2,44 [bzw. 5,1] Gew.-Proz. Mangan wurde bei 1110°, 1150° und 1250 °C der chemische Diffusionskoeffizient von Mangan bestimmt. Für die Legierung mit 2,44 Gew.- Proz. läßt sich der Diffusionskoeffizient durch die Gleichung

beschreiben. Die Legierung mit 5,1 Gew.-Proz. ergab bei 1150 °C einen Wert von D = 6,2 · 10-5 cm2/sec. Der Diffusionskoeffizient erweist sich als schwach konzentrationsabhängig.
Notizen:Die Ionisationsausbeute-Kurve von OH- asus Wasser
Authors: Doumont M. , Henglein A. , Jäger K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Die Ionen H~ und 0~ sind bisher als einzige negative Bruchstücke beim Elektronenbeschuß von Wasser be­ obachtet worden. OH-fand man als sekundäres Pro­ dukt der Reaktion H" + H20 — > H2 + OH" 2. Bei Ver­ suchen mit einem CH4-Atlas-Massenspektrometer mit Fox-Ionenquelle ließ sich OH-als primäres Ion mit etwa 10-mal kleinerer Intensität als 0~ nachweisen. Abb. 1 und 2 zeigen die Ionisationsausbeutekurven beider Ionen. In Abb. 1 wird außerdem die Ausbeute­ kurve für SF6" aus SF6 gezeigt, um ein Maß für die Auflösung der Apparatur zu geben. Die Intensität aller Ionen war dem Gasdruck proportional. Die O'-Kurve stimmt mit der von anderen Autoren gemessenen hinsichtlich ihres allgemeinen Verlaufes überein. Das erste Auftrittspotential beträgt (6,4+ 0,1) eV. Dieser Wert liegt um 1,5 eV höher als von C o m p ­
Notizen:D2O-Dampfdrucke gesättigter Salzlösungen
Authors: Becker M. , Schälike W. , Zirwer D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Für Untersuchungen in Atmosphären mit definierten D20-Gehalten benötigten wir Angaben über Dampf­ drücke gesättigter Salzlösungen in D20. Während für gesättigte Salzlösungen in H20 aus der Literatur viele Angaben zu entnehmen sind x, konnten wir für D20-Lösungen keine Daten finden. Wir haben daher mit einer manometrischen Me­ thode 2' 3 die Dampfdruckdifferenzen von gesättigten Salzlösungen in H20 und D20 zwischen -flO°C und + 40 °C gemessen. Die Differenzmethode bietet einer­ seits apparative Vorteile gegenüber einer direkten Dampfdruckbestimmung, andererseits benötigen wir für unsere spezielle Problemstellung die Dampfdruck­ differenzen mit möglichst großer Genauigkeit. Aus die­ sem Grunde wurden die absoluten Dampfdrücke für D20-Lösungen auf der Grundlage der Literaturwerte für gesättigte Lösungen in H20 beredinet. Die ge­ samte Apparatur befand sich in einem Thermostaten (±0,1 "C). Als Manometerfüllung diente Diffelen (Leybold). Die Lösungen wurden mit getrockneten und kristallwasserfreien Salzen (p. a.) angesetzt. Vor jeder Meßserie wurden Lösungen und Mano­ meterfüllung sorgfältig entgast sowie die gesamte Ap­ paratur ca. 15 min evakuiert. Mehrfache Kontrollmessungen bei allen Salzlösun­ gen ergaben, daß die Meßwerte innerhalb eines Berei­ ches von maximal ±0,05 Torr reproduzierbar waren. Torr
Notizen:Rotationsspektrum des Chloroforms in angeregten Schwingungszuständen
Authors: Goertz Adalbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Anx and B12* = B12 B i, where Anx and Bt refer to the solvent medium, then after equating (8) and (9) the final Eq. (11) remains unchanged. d and y were calculated in the cases of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and diphenyl using the experimental data6' 7 of Bx2 and n12 obtained in n-heptane solutions at various values of w2 . Since (9d is zero for non-polar molecules considered here 8, 0 P may easily be evaluated from (11). by is defined arbitrarily to be the principal polariza-bility perpendicular to the molecular plane. The elec­ trostatic polarizabilities aa, ap and a■ ■ are assumed to be the same as the electro-optical polarizabilities ba, bß and by 9. Thus, in (5) there remain three unknowns ba , bß and by to be determined and to calculate this unknowns, besides (5), two further equations are re­ quired. One further equation is supplied from (1). Intro­ ducing into this equation v2 = (N\ w2) / (M2 v12) and Eq. (10) for solutions restricted to low concentration one obtains ba + bß + by — 3 Mo vt nt 2 7i N \ (12)
A Class of E xact Solutions for the Vlasov-Turbulence
Authors: Gräff Pitter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The admissible closure conditions can be completely determined in the limit of vanishing cor­ relation length. In this case the Lundgren hierarchy can be solved, since this irregular state persists in the course of time. The electric field on the other hand loses its statistical character. - The results can be extended to examples of homogeneous turbulence with a finite correlation length.
Eine Berechnung mehrerer Zustände des Li2-Moleküls nach der Valenzbindungs-Vorstellung
Authors: Kockel B. , Grün N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Für einige Terme des Li2-Moleküls werden Zustandsfunktionen und Energiewerte in Abhängig­ keit vom Kernabstand bestimmt. Die Funktionen werden zusammengesetzt aus Slater-Determinanten der Form | s0 s0' □ ·s0 s0' □ | , wobei in □ beliebige Funktionen aus den L-Schalen beider Li-Atome stehen.
Elastische und thermoelastische Konstanten des rhombischen α-Schwefels
Authors: Haussühl S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The elastic and thermoelastic constants of α-sulphur are measured by the Schaefer-Bergman method. The magnitude of the elastic constants is slightly higher than in comparable organic molecular crystals. The elastic anisotropy and the anisotropy of thermal expansion obey the Grüneisen relation. The deviations from the Cauchy relations are all negative. This is usually only observed in crystals with covalent bind­ing components or with a highly anharmonic behaviour.
Notizen: Wirkungsquerschnitte für Gleichverteilung der 62P3/2-Zustände von Cäsium durch Stöße mit gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Fronimos N . , Fricke J. , Haas J. 
Published: February 2015

Additional cross sections for collisionally induced mixing of the Cs-62P3/2 sublevels have been measured from optical pumping with σ+ D2-light. Using the model of a random re­orientation of the electronic angular momentum during the collision the derived cross sections are:
Cs-CH4 (206±40) Å2, Cs-C2H6 (303±60) Å2, Cs-C3H8 (370 ±70) Å2.
The existence of a selection rule mJ ﹘ /→ ﹘mJ would in­crease these values by a factor of 1.5.