bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military Rule and Emergency Powers
Authors: Ramraj Victor V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Constitutional law bears a strained relationship to military rule and emergency powers in Southeast Asia. The very dissimilar cases of military rule (Myanmar, Thailand, and Timor-Leste) and emergency powers (Timor-Leste, Malaysia, and Thailand) in this chapter exemplify the diversity of Southeast Asia’s experience, ranging from clear-cut examples to ambiguous situations, intertwined in practice, that elude conceptual distinction. The ability to send the military “back to barracks” or to contain emergency powers is a key barometer of constitutionalism. Democratic consolidation is particularly vulnerable when a powerful military remains in place, institutions of civilian rule are not deeply rooted, and civilian rule relies on the military’s forbearance. The challenge surrounding military rule and emergency powers is to determine—in each particular confluence of history, culture, society, politics, military might, and legal ordering—the unique constellation of norms, institutions, and mechanisms by which the arbitrary exercise of power might effectively be constrained.
Parenthood
Authors: Schuster Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The relationship between parenting and sexual orientation and gender identity has significantly impacted family law. History shows that legal recognition of the couple does not simultaneously bring access to adoption and medically assisted reproduction. Parentage agreements, including surrogacy agreements, are becoming more prevalent in legal regulations and represent a shift away from a biological focus towards one that prioritises reproductive responsibility. However, co-parent and stepchild adoptions remain important measures to safeguard children when recognition at birth by operation of law is not possible. Challenges can arise when families relocate to different countries or when international elements are involved. Public policy serves a dual role: it can act as an obstacle to recognizing foreign situations but it can also prevent the application by renvoi of discriminatory or restrictive foreign laws. Gender identity and sexual orientation of the parents can make children vulnerable during crises, particularly if the non-legal parent lacks legal recognition. It is widely accepted that these factors are not acceptable grounds for discrimination in custody cases. Overall, children in LGBTI families are often deprived of legal certainty and protection at birth, and can find themselves vulnerable when the social parent dies or is denied contact by the only legally recognized parent.
Chlorophyll Pigments and Their Synthetic Analogs
Authors: Tamiaki Hitoshi , Kichishima Saki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs use chlorophylls (Chls) as photosynthetically active pigments. A variety of Chl molecules have been found in photosynthetic organisms, including green plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Here, we review their molecular structures with stereochemistry, occurrence in light-harvesting antennas and reaction centers, biosyntheses in the late stage, chemical stabilities and visible absorption maxima in diethyl ether. The observed maxima are comparable to those of semisynthetic Chl analogs, methyl pyropheophorbides, in dichloromethane. The effects of their peripheral substituents and core π-conjugation on the maxima of the monomeric states are discussed. Notably, the oxidation along the molecular x-axis in Chl-a produces its accessory pigments, Chls-b/c, and introduction of an electron-withdrawing formyl group along the y-axis perpendicular to the x-axis affords far-red light absorbing Chls-d/f.
Constraints of Reservoir Pressure and H2O on Pre-eruptive Melt Accumulation and Migration under Water-Rich Systems Based on the Volcanic–Plutonic Connection in the East Kunlun Orogen, Northern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zou Bowen , Ma Changqian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the volcanic–plutonic relationship has been a contentious topic among researchers. Based on this issue, they have delved deeper into the constraints of magma reservoir pressure and H2O on pre-eruptive melt accumulation and migration. We selected granodiorite, tonalite, and rhyolite in the Dehailonggang volcanic–plutonic complex to investigate the volcanic–plutonic connection and constraints of reservoir pressure and H2O on the pre-eruptive melt accumulation and migration in water-rich systems. Granodiorite, tonalite, and rhyolite exhibit temporal–spatial similarities (247 Ma) and the same magmatic origin consisting of ca. 75–80% enriched mantle materials mixed with ca. 20–25% lower crustal materials. TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA) shows that both granodiorite and tonalite display a typical cumulate texture. The bulk–rock compositional complementary of the granodiorite, tonalite, and rhyolite, coupled with in situ geochemical signatures of feldspars and zircons, feldspar CSD, and rhyolite–MELTS modeling, indicate that (1) the granodiorite represents the crystal cumulate formed after crystal–melt phase separation of the original mush (OM) in the magma reservoir; (2) the interstitial melt of the OM was extracted, migrated, and ultimately erupted as the rhyolite; (3) the tonalite serves as an intermediate product resulting from the phase separation from the OM to the rhyolite. Rhyolite–MELTS modeling reveals that in water-rich environments, an increase in reservoir pressure (prior to reaching overpressure threshold) can lead to a reduction in melt viscosity. This, in turn, accelerates mechanical compaction and phase separation processes, ultimately shortening the pre-eruptive melt aggregation timescale. In contrast, it is noteworthy that H2O has a relatively minor influence on phase separation in such water-rich systems (&gt; 4 wt. %). This study demonstrates the volcanic–plutonic genetic coupling and highlights the significance of reservoir pressure in controlling the dynamics of pre-eruptive melt within water-rich systems.
Abstract 26: Influence of Blood Type in Umbilical Cord Blood Immune Cell Profile
Authors: Pina Joana , Oliveira Melissa , Gomes Andreia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Human immune system undergoes a remarkable journey from embryonic stages to infancy, marked by a gradual transition from reliance on innate immunity, which is genetically encoded, to the development of adaptive responses. Variations in immune cell numbers across different blood type (BT) can suggest a potential influence of ABO antigens on early immune cell composition. This interplay between genetic factors, maternal influence, and BT lays the foundation for lifelong immune health and disease susceptibility. ABO BT system, primarily known for its relevance in blood transfusions and organ transplants, has been the research subject exploring its associations with several diseases.
As an early source of biological material, umbilical cord blood (UCB), it has been proven ideal for several diseases’ treatment, research, and diagnostic purposes. UCB also provides a pure sample for studying how genetic and maternal influences shape early immune system characteristics.

Objectives
This study focused on the relationship between BT and the immune system, aiming to understand the influence of BT on the number of nucleated cells, WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, NRBC, and platelets from UCB samples.

Methods
It was used data from 910 cryopreserved UCB samples from BebéVida, a cryopreservation laboratory in Porto. To compare ABO groups, it was used the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistically significance was considered for p-value &lt;0.05.

Results
Results revealed significant increases in nucleated cells, WBC, NRBC, neutrophils, and monocytes in AB compared to A, and in O compared to AB. Regarding platelet, group A had more content than O group. Lymphocytes did not significantly differ between all BT tested.

Discussion
This study demonstrated the differences in immune system cells number between the different BT in UCB samples. This could be linked to A and B antigens presence/absence, however more research is needed to clarify.
There are potential links between ABO blood groups and different diseases. This study demonstrated there is different patterns in the immune cells BT regarding UCB-BT, which could represent an important tool to help understand the onset of several diseases or predispositions. Elucidating these relationships, it can advance personalized medicine approaches and improve our understanding of disease predisposition across diverse populations.
Abstract 32: Engineering Cord Blood CD34+ Cells for the Generation of Allogeneic NK or Myeloid Cell Immunotherapies
Authors: Hsieh Emily , Jamison Braxton , Brempelis Katherine , Pudiwitr Jared , Green Kevin , Stoltzman Carrie , von Euw Erika , Delaney Colleen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid cells are gaining attention as an alternative cellular immunotherapy to traditional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T due to their vital functions including immune regulation, cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis of tumor cells, respectively. One major challenge to the generation of CAR-NK or CAR-myeloid cells is the ability to effectively engineer these mature immune cells. To address this, we have developed an ex vivo platform to engineer cord blood-derived CD34+ cells to express CARs early in the culture process. These engineered cells can then be expanded and differentiated into NK cells or monocytes and macrophages to target different cancers.

Objectives
We aim to develop engineered NK cell or monocyte and macrophage cell products derived from cord blood for off-the-shelf treatment of hematologic and solid malignancies.

Methods
We designed CARs of interest and cloned the constructs into γ-retroviral or lentiviral backbones to generate viral vectors. To generate engineered immune cells, we first isolated and pooled cord blood-derived CD34+ cells, which are expanded in an ex vivo cell culture process using a proprietary Notch ligand. Early in the process, the CD34+ cells are engineered by viral delivery. These engineered cells then follow additional phase(s) of culturing to differentiate into NK or myeloid cells. The cell cultures are assessed throughout the process for CAR expression and phenotyping is performed on differentiated cells according to the respective cell type.

Results
Engineering of cord blood-derived CD34+ cells to express CARs followed by differentiation resulted in engineered NK or myeloid cells that maintain viability and phenotyping comparable to non-engineered cells. The engineered immune cells can be cryopreserved and thawed while retaining CAR expression and CAR-specific anti-tumor function in vitro.

Discussion
The versatility of this platform is demonstrated by the ability to generate CAR-NK or CAR-myeloid cells from the same CD34+ cells that are engineered early, followed by directed differentiation. Not only is this approach significantly more cost-effective, it creates the potential to address more targets to drive anti-tumor immune responses. We are currently optimizing the engineering process, exploring non-viral engineering strategies, and designing payloads that are unique for each immune cell type.

Overview of the generation of engineered NK or myeloid cell products from cord blood-derived CD34+ cells
SLUSH peptides of the PSMβ family enable Staphylococcus lugdunensis to use erythrocytes as a sole source of nutrient iron
Authors: Sekar Sharmila , Schwarzbach Selina , Nega Mulugeta , Bloes Dominik Alexander , Smeds Emanuel , Kretschmer Dorothee , Foster Timothy J. , Heilbronner Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring infection, the host employs nutritional immunity to restrict access to iron. Staphylococcus lugdunensis has been recognized for its ability to utilize host‐derived heme to overcome iron restriction. However, the mechanism behind this process involves the release of hemoglobin from erythrocytes, and the hemolytic factors of S. lugdunensis remain poorly understood. S. lugdunensis encodes four phenol‐soluble modulins (PSMs), short peptides with hemolytic activity. The peptides SLUSH A, SLUSH B, and SLUSH C are β‐type PSMs, and OrfX is an α‐type PSM. Our study shows the SLUSH locus to be essential for the hemolytic phenotype of S. lugdunensis. All four peptides individually exhibited hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes, but synergism with sphingomyelinase was observed exclusively against sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that SLUSH is crucial for allowing the utilization of erythrocytes as the sole source of nutritional iron and confirm the transcriptional regulation of SLUSH by Agr. Additionally, our study reveals that SLUSH peptides stimulate the human immune system. Our analysis identifies SLUSH as a pivotal hemolytic factor of S. lugdunensis and demonstrates its concerted action with heme acquisition systems to overcome iron limitation in the presence of host erythrocytes.
Novel ultrasound capsule endoscopy for gastrointestinal scanning: An in vivo animal study
Authors: Chen Yi-Zhi , Qiu Xiao-Ou , Wang Lei , Jiang Xi , Su Xiao-Ju , Xia Jing-Song , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives
EUS is an important modality for diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) subepithelial lesions. However, EUS is invasive and operator-dependent and requires sedation in most cases. The newly developed ultrasound capsule endoscopy (USCE) system, with both white-light and ultrasound imaging modalities, is a minimally invasive method for superficial and submucosal imaging of the esophagus. This animal study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the USCE system for upper GI tract and small bowel scanning.

Methods
Three Bama miniature pigs were selected to scan their esophagus, stomach, small bowel, and simulated submucosal lesions. USCE was performed first, followed by EUS. The feasibility of USCE was measured by obtaining ultrasound images of normal GI walls and submucosal lesions under the guidance of optical viewing. The efficacy of USCE was evaluated by comparing tissue structures and lesion features shown on ultrasound images obtained with both instruments.

Results
Under the optical mode of USCE, the GI tract was well visualized, and all simulated lesions were located. Clear ultrasound images of normal GI tract and submucosal lesions were acquired. Ultrasound images of the esophagus, stomach, and small bowel were characterized by differentiated multilayer structures on USCE, which was consistent with the structures displayed on EUS. And the visualization of submucosal lesions, using both USCE and EUS, was characterized by a hypoechoic and well-demarcated mass in the layer of submucosa.

Conclusions
This animal study indicated the feasibility and potential clinical efficacy of this USCE for simultaneous optical mucosal visualization and transmural ultrasound imaging of upper GI tract and small bowel, providing possibility of using this technology for a wider range of GI tract.
Consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst and walled-off necrosis from a Chinese multiple disciplinary team expert panel
Authors: Zhu Huiyun , Du Yiqi , Wang Kaixuan , Li Zhaoshen , Jin Zhendong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To prepare a set of practice guidelines to standardize the entire process, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up, for pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis.

Methods
Thirty-six experts in the fields of digestive endoscopy, pancreatic surgery, interventional radiology, and others presented their opinions via discussions in online conferences by referring to the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcomes principles and then reviewed the evidence and statements using the Delphi method to reach a consensus. The consensus of >80% was finally achieved for the items.

Results
The experts discussed and reached a consensus on 29 statements including 10 categories: (1) definition and classification, (2) imaging and endoscopic diagnosis, (3) therapeutic implications, (4) surgical therapy, (5) percutaneous catheter drainage, (6) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, (7) EUS-guided drainage, (8) stent selection for EUS-guided drainage, (9) complication related to stents for cyst drainage, and (10) drug treatment and follow-up.

Conclusion
This consensus based on the clinical experience of experts in various fields and international evidence-based medicine further standardizes the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment processes for pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis.
Independent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and social influence on pain
Authors: Dehghani Amin , Bango Carmen , Murphy Ethan K. , Halter Ryan J. , Wager Tor D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique with the potential to provide pain relief. However, tDCS effects on pain are variable across existing studies, possibly related to differences in stimulation protocols and expectancy effects. We investigated the independent and joint effects of contralateral motor cortex tDCS (anodal vs cathodal) and socially induced expectations (analgesia vs hyperalgesia) about tDCS on thermal pain. We employed a double-blind, randomized 2 × 2 factorial cross-over design, with 5 sessions per participant on separate days. After calibration in Session 1, Sessions 2 to 5 crossed anodal or cathodal tDCS (20 minutes 2 mA) with socially induced analgesic or hyperalgesic expectations, with 6 to 7 days between the sessions. The social manipulation involved videos of previous “participants” (confederates) describing tDCS as inducing a low-pain state (“analgesic expectancy”) or hypersensitivity to sensation (“hyperalgesic expectancy”). Anodal tDCS reduced pain compared with cathodal stimulation (F(1,19.9) = 19.53, P < 0.001, Cohen d = 0.86) and analgesic expectancy reduced pain compared with hyperalgesic expectancy (F(1,19.8) = 5.62, P = 0.027, Cohen d = 0.56). There was no significant interaction between tDCS and social expectations. Effects of social suggestions were related to expectations, whereas tDCS effects were unrelated to expectancies. The observed additive effects provide novel evidence that tDCS and socially induced expectations operate through independent processes. They extend clinical tDCS studies by showing tDCS effects on controlled nociceptive pain independent of expectancy effects. In addition, they show that social suggestions about neurostimulation effects can elicit potent placebo effects.
The Impact of Patient Assaults and Aggressive Behaviors on Nursing Personnel's Stress, Well-being, and Intention to Leave Post–COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chipps Esther , Weaver Susan H. , Wood Teresa , Sinnott Loraine T. , McCarthy Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

AIM
To describe and compare the prevalence of assaults and aggressive patient behavior among frontline staff in behavioral health (BH), medical-surgical (MS), and emergency department (ED) settings and examine the impact on staff health, work stress, work engagement, and intent to leave their position.

BACKGROUND
Patient verbal and physical assaults have significant staff consequences, including decreased work productivity, increased burnout, job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, and intentions to leave.

METHODS
Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from a sample of 432 frontline staff working in ED, BH, and MS settings across 3 healthcare systems.

RESULTS
The majority of frontline staff (74%) reported experiencing verbal aggression often/frequently, significantly impacting their mental health, work engagement, stress levels, and intent to leave. All 3 specialty groups reported a significant increase in verbal/psychological assaults and physical assaults since the pandemic's onset.

CONCLUSION
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on assaultive/aggressive behaviors. Nurse leaders must strategize on methods to decrease the normalization of violence against healthcare workers and support research aimed at evidence-based interventions to reduce such incidences of violence and ensure the well-being of healthcare workers.
Applying Quality Improvement Methodology to Standardize Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis and Management throughout a Healthcare System
Authors: Baumer-Mouradian Shannon H. , Bradley Lia C. , Ansari Sadia T. , Chinta Sri S. , Mitchell Michelle L. , Nelson Anika M. , Marusinec Laura E. , Wake Kristine M. , Mantey Karie A. , Cabrera Ilanalee C. , De Valk Jessica A. , Hanson Aaron P. , Witkowski Elizabeth M. , Bushee Glenn M. , Ellison Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) require early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid short- and long-term morbidity. Baseline data from 13,000 children across a regional health system demonstrated wide variation in UTI management, including antibiotic choice, duration, and dosing. In 2019, the local antibiotic stewardship team recommended cephalexin as the ideal first-line UTI treatment due to its effectiveness, narrow spectrum, low cost, and palatability. This project aimed to improve first-line prescription of cephalexin as an empiric antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated UTIs from 34% to 75% in children 60 days to 18 years of age presenting to any site within the healthcare system within 6 months.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team of key stakeholders reviewed baseline data and developed three key drivers. These included a standardized UTI pathway, electronic health record enhancements, and provider education. Interventions were supported by a literature review and implemented via Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles with data monitored bimonthly. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients prescribed cephalexin for presumed UTI over the total number of presumed UTI diagnoses treated with empiric antibiotics throughout the healthcare system. The balancing measure included 14-day return visits for a UTI-related diagnosis across the system.

Results:
After the release of the updated UTI pathway, first-line cephalexin prescribing for UTI improved from 34% to 66%. There was no change in 14-day revisits for UTI.

Conclusions:
Standardizing the diagnosis and management of UTIs across the spectrum of coordinated care led to improved system-wide adherence to local antibiotic stewardship guidelines for empiric UTI treatment.