bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strained graphene as a local probe for plasmon‐enhanced Raman scattering by gold nanostructures
Authors: Heeg Sebastian , Oikonomou Antonios , Garcia Roberto Fernandez , Maier Stefan A. , Vijayaraghavan Aravind , Reich Stephanie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe investigate with Raman spectroscopy how gold nanostructures of different shape, size and geometry locally modify a graphene cover layer through strain. The resulting phonon softening translates into frequency downshifts of up to 85 cm–1 for the 2D‐mode of graphene. With spatially resolved and excitation dependent Raman measurements we demonstrate that the downshifted Raman peaks exclusively arise from strained graphene subject to plasmonic enhancement by the nanostructures. The signals arise from an area well below the size of the laser spot. They serve as a local probe for the interaction between graphene and intense light fields. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on silver foil as a tarnish‐resistant coating
Authors: Ayhan Muhammed Emre , Kalita Golap , Sharma Subash , Tanemura Masaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHere, we demonstrate the synthesis of graphene on Ag foil by an atmospheric‐pressure (AP) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process as tarnish‐resistant coating. Synthesis of a continuous graphene film on Ag foil is achieved using the solid camphor as carbon precursor in a gas mixture of Ar and H2. Tarnishing of the Ag surface through sulfidation is investigated with and without coating of the graphene film. It is observed that the bare Ag surface immediately reacts with sulfur vapor to turn black, whereas graphene coating passivates the Ag surface robustly and thereby restrains the sulfur reaction to preserve from tarnishing. Our findings show that a large‐area graphene film can be effectively grown on Ag surface by a CVD process as a tarnish and corrosion resistance barrier.magnified imageSynthesis of graphene structure on Ag foil by an AP‐CVD process as a tarnish‐resistant coating.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of sialyl glycoprotein with multiple glycosylation sites using isotope labeling and capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Yi‐Chun , Lin Chih‐Yu , Her Guor‐Rong 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEA comparative strategy has been demonstrated using RNase B, a single‐site N‐linked high‐mannose glycoprotein. Glycoproteins are more common with multiple glycosylation sites and with complex glycans. A strategy capable of differentiating the changes caused by glycoprotein concentration, glycosylation site occupancy, and a glycoform profile of complex glycoproteins would be beneficial.METHODSTryptic‐digested glycoproteins were labeled using 12C,H‐formaldehyde and 13C, D‐formaldehyde, purified, and then analyzed using capillary reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RPLC/MS). The relative intensity of non‐glycosylated peptides provided information on glycoprotein concentration variation. A site‐specific glycoform profile variation was obtained by comparing the glycoform profile of CH2 and 13CD2 glycopeptides. Determining the protein concentration and glycoform profile variations allows the glycosylation site occupancy variation to be calculated.RESULTSA strong correlation between the observed and prepared ratios for fetuin glycopeptides from 0.2 to 5 was obtained. Two fetuin samples with different glycoprotein concentrations (4‐fold change), glycoform profiles (normal and modified), and glycosylation site occupancies (100% and 50%) were prepared, labeled, mixed, purified, and analyzed using RPLC/MS. The results of the comparative study had a strong correlation with the prepared values.CONCLUSIONSIn this report, we demonstrated a comparative analysis of fetuin, a glycoprotein with multiple glycosylation sites and complex sialyl glycans. Compared to our previous approach, we made several modifications including the use of RPLC, a larger mass difference isotope tag, and isotope overlapping correction. The modified approach is expected to be applicable to most glycoproteins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers in urine by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Uclés Ana , Martínez Bueno María Jesús , Ulaszewska Maria Malgorzata , Hernando María Dolores , Ferrer Carmen , Fernández‐Alba Amadeo R. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEDendrimer nanocarriers have become of increasing interest in the field of biomedicine for their drug delivery potential. Surface modifications and optimized nanosize control are the strategies being followed to enhance drug delivery efficacy and renal clearance, especially for dendrimers of a lower generation number. The aim of this study was the development and performance evaluation of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in urine.METHODSPAMAM dendrimers (generations G0 to G3) were analyzed using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐QqLIT‐MS). Quantitative analysis was performed in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. To confer a higher degree of confidence on the identification of PAMAM dendrimers, an SRM scan and collision‐induced dissociation (CID), as a dependent scan, were performed in one single run using the information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) mode.RESULTSThe LC/ESI‐QqLIT‐MS method, in SRM mode, allowed quantitative determination in urine matrix with good repeatability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) from 2 to 15%), linearity (R >0.99) over the concentration range (6∙10–4 to 5∙10–2 mmol.L–1), and sensitivity within the micromolar range. The detection limit values were above 1∙10–4 mmol.L–1 in both solvent and urine, for the generations studied.CONCLUSIONSThe developed method has demonstrated a capability for the identification and quantification of PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles in a complex liquid matrix. The use of an LC/ESI‐QqLIT‐MS system, of modest m/z range and unit resolution, offers an alternative in the analysis of lower generation PAMAM dendrimers between mass analyzers of higher resolution and the conventional LC‐UV method that is commonly applied for dendrimer quantification, but which lacks sufficient identification capacity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the six‐ring regioisomeric dimethoxybenzyl‐N‐methylpiperazines (DMBMPs)
Authors: Abdel‐Hay Karim M. , DeRuiter Jack , Clark C. Randall 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEPiperazine‐based designer drugs represent a novel class of substances found in illicit drug samples in the US and abroad. The clandestine production of these substances often makes use of piperazine as a key commercially available precursor substance. The commercial availability of 1‐methylpiperazine suggests additional designer modification based on this additional precursor material.METHODSThis study focuses on the electron ionization mass spectrometric (EI‐MS) fragmentation of the dimethoxybenzyl‐N‐methylpiperazines as potential designer modifications of the general benzylpiperazine drug skeleton and explores the gas chromatography (GC)/MS properties of all six of these regioisomeric substances.RESULTSFragmentation of the bond between the benzylic carbon and the adjacent piperazine nitrogen provides the base peak in all six spectra. The internal fragmentation within the piperazine ring produces a number of unique ions in the mass spectra of these dimethoxybenzyl‐N‐methylpiperazines. The migration of methyl groups from nitrogen and oxygen were confirmed by deuterium‐labeling experiments.CONCLUSIONSThe six regioisomeric dimethoxybenzyl‐N‐methylpiperazines yield equivalent fragment ions and deuterium labeling confirmed the elemental composition of the characteristic fragments in their mass spectra. Mixtures of the dimethoxybenzyl‐N‐methylpiperazines were successfully resolved via capillary gas chromatography using a relatively polar stationary phase and temperature‐programming conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorus and sulfur metabonomic profiling of tissue and plasma obtained from tumour‐bearing mice using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Thompson David F. , Michopoulos Filippos , Smith Christopher J. , Duckett Catherine J. , Wilkinson Robert W. , Jarvis Philip , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEMetabonomic studies use complex biological samples (blood plasma/serum, tissues, etc.) that when analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) generate profiles that may contain many thousands of features. These profiles can be difficult to interpret with the majority of the features contributing little to the study. As such there is an argument for the development of techniques that can simplify the problem by targeting particular classes of compounds.METHODSIn this study ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC/ICP‐MS) was used to profile tumour tissue and plasma samples for phosphorus‐ and sulfur‐containing metabolites. These samples were xenograft tumours (derived from breast, lung and colon cell lines) and plasma obtained from nude mice. Plasma was also obtained from non‐tumour‐bearing mice as a control. Due to isobaric interferences this method took advantage of the dynamic reaction cell within the ICP‐MS system to react the phosphorus and sulfur ions with oxygen. The PO+ and SO+ ions were then monitored free of interferences. The total phosphorus and sulfur within each sample was also recorded using flow injection ICP‐MS. A robust quality control system based on pooled sample replicate analysis was used throughout the study.RESULTSDetermination of the total phosphorus and sulfur content of each sample was sufficient in itself for statistical differentiation between the majority of the cell lines analysed. Subsequent reversed‐phase chromatographic profiling of the organic tumour and plasma extracts revealed the presence of a number of well‐retained phosphorus‐containing compounds that showed tumour‐specific profiles. Reversed‐phase profiling was not suitable for the sulfur‐containing compounds which eluted with the solvent front.CONCLUSIONSThis study has shown the potential use of UPLC/ICP‐MS to differentiate between tumour cell lines, using both plasma and tumour tissue samples, based solely on metabolites that contain phosphorus or sulfur. Whilst further work is required to identify these compounds this methodology shows the ability of the described methods to provide targets for future biomarker discovery studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the initial surgical experience with robotic and laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Pluchino Nicola , Litta Piero , Freschi Letizia , Russo Marinella , Simi Giovanna , Santoro Anna N. , Angioni Stefano , Gadducci Angiolo , Cela Vito 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the initial surgical outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic myomectomy in patients with symptomatic uterine myomas.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of 86 patients undergoing robotic (RM) (n = 43) or laparoscopic (LM) (n = 43) myomectomy. Data included fibroid characteristics (number, weight, location) layers of uterine reconstruction, operating time, blood loss, complications, and postoperative hospital stay.ResultsNo significant differences were noted between RM and LM for fibroid number and weight and mean operating time, although the number of patients receiving at least a double‐layer uterine reconstruction was higher in RM than LM. Blood loss was higher after LM, while no differences resulted in hospital stay.ConclusionRM may have some additional advantages compared with LM in terms of bleeding and uterine suturing without compromising operation duration, at least when surgeons were at the beginning of their experience of endoscopic treatment of symptomatic uterine myomas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of discrete‐time periodic linear systems with input saturation via multi‐step periodic invariant sets
Authors: Zhou Bin , Li Dewei , Lin Zongli 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper studies local control of discrete‐time periodic linear systems subject to input saturation by using the multi‐step periodic invariant set approach. A multi‐step periodic invariant set refers to a set from which all trajectories will enter a periodic invariant set after finite steps, remain there forever, and eventually converge to the origin as time approaches infinity. The problems of (robust) estimation of the domain of attraction, (robust) local stabilization (with bounded uncertainties), and disturbance rejection are considered. Compared with the conventional periodic invariant set approach, which has been used in the literature for local stability analysis and stabilization of discrete‐time periodic linear systems subject to input saturation, this new invariant set approach is capable of significantly reducing the conservatism by introducing additional auxiliary variables in the set invariance conditions. Moreover, the new approach allows to design (robust) stabilizing periodic controller, in the presence of norm bounded uncertainties, whose period is the same as the open‐loop system and is different from the existing periodic enhancement approach by which the period of the controller is multiple times of the period of the open‐loop system. Several numerical examples are worked out to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed control of linear time‐varying systems interconnected over arbitrary graphs
Authors: Farhood Mazen , Di Zhe , Dullerud Geir E. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we focus on designing distributed controllers for interconnected systems in situations where the controller sensing and actuation topology is inherited from that of the plant. The distributed systems considered are composed of discrete‐time linear time‐varying subsystems interconnected over arbitrary graph structures. The main contribution of this paper is to provide results on general graph interconnection structures in which the graphs have potentially an infinite number of vertices. This is accomplished by first extending previous machinery developed for systems with spatial dynamics on the lattice . We derive convex analysis and synthesis conditions for design in this setting. These conditions reduce to finite sequences of LMIs in the case of eventually periodic subsystems interconnected over finite graphs. The paper also provides results on distributed systems with communication latency and gives an illustrative example on the distributed control of hovercrafts along eventually periodic trajectories. The methodology developed here provides a unifying viewpoint for our previous and related work on distributed control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis and synthesis for networked control systems with non‐uniformly distributed packet dropouts and interval time‐varying sampling periods
Authors: Wang Yu‐Long , Han Qing‐Long 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with quantitative analysis and synthesis for a networked control system under simultaneous consideration of non‐uniformly distributed packet dropouts, interval time‐varying sampling periods and network‐induced delays. A new packet dropout separation method is proposed to separate packet dropouts from the lump sum of network‐induced delays and packet dropouts. An interval time‐varying sampling period approach, which is more general than a switched sampling period approach, is presented to model the variation of the sampling period. Then a packet dropout decomposition‐based Lyapunov functional is constructed to drive some stability criteria. Based on these stability criteria, a state feedback controller is designed to asymptotically stabilize the networked system in the sense of mean‐square. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Web-Based Survey of Erection Hardness Score and its Relationship to Aging, Sexual Behavior, Confidence, and Risk Factors in Japan
Authors: Kimura Masaki , Shimura Satoru , Tai Toshihiro , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Baba Shiro , Kano Munehide , Nagao Koichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionErection hardness is an elemental component of men's sexual quality of life that can be easily measured by the Erection Hardness Score (EHS). However, there are few published data regarding EHS, and there is little understanding of its relationships to aging, men's sexual behavior, sexual confidence, and risk factors in Japan.AimTo assess EHS and how it correlates to aging, sexual behaviors, sexual self-confidence, and risk factors in a Japanese population database.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional nationwide survey conducted between March and May 2009 in Japan.Main Outcome MeasuresEHS, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, general health, sexual confidence, frequency of sexual behaviors, and attitudes toward treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).ResultsA total of 7,710 men with a mean age of 39.3 ± 13.0 years participated in this survey. In 6,528 participants who were not using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 3,540 (54.2%) had EHS ≤ 3 and 1,196 (18.3%) had EHS ≤ 2. We found a significant age-dependent decrease in EHS, sexual confidence, and frequency of sexual activities. Sexual confidence was strongly associated with higher EHS but was also associated with older age groups, presence of offspring, awareness of better general health, and greater frequency of sexual activity. In age-adjusted multivariate logistic regression, risk factors for a lower EHS (defined as EHS ≤ 2) were heavy smoking, which was defined as more than two packs per day (odds ratio [OR], 1.7) or a history of metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.4), hypertension (OR, 1.2), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.4).ConclusionsEHS correlates to various elements, such as aging, sexual behaviors, sexual confidence, and ED-related risk factors, and can be a valuable tool in clinical practice for monitoring and treating ED and thereby improving the quality of life for men and their sexual partners.
Disadvantaged Family Background and Depression among Young Adults in the United States: The Roles of Chronic Stress and Self‐Esteem
Authors: Mossakowski Krysia N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough several longitudinal studies have demonstrated that having a disadvantaged family background is a risk factor for subsequent symptoms of depression, few studies have examined the mediating mechanisms that explain this long‐term relationship. Thus, this study uses US national longitudinal data and integrates social stress theory with the life course perspective by focusing on two mediating mechanisms—the chronic stress of poverty and self‐esteem during the transition to adulthood. Results reveal that self‐esteem largely mediates the inverse relationship between parental education and levels of depressive symptoms in young adulthood. However, the inverse relationship between parental occupational prestige and depressive symptoms among young adults is not mediated by self‐esteem, but rather long durations of poverty across 16 years. Overall, these findings suggest that different components of family socioeconomic status can leave a lasting imprint on mental health via the self‐concept and the chronic stress of poverty throughout the journey to adulthood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodological framework for the allocation of work packages in global software development
Authors: Ruano‐Mayoral Marcos , Casado‐Lumbreras Cristina , Garbarino‐Alberti Helena , Misra Sanjay 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTGlobal software development in software development industry is a new aspect for many software project managers. In this scenario, the allocation of work packages among project participants is not a simple task. This allocation was traditionally determined by availability and competence but this new trend introduces complexity in an already complex process. Given the need to define new models to guide managers in these operations, this paper presents a framework to allocate work packages among project participants. Apart from the introduction of the framework itself, the results of its implementation are presented. These results show a notable output of the implementation in terms of accuracy of task execution to planning, effect introduction and overall satisfaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel monitoring mechanism by event trigger for Hadoop system performance analysis
Authors: Liao Chih‐Shan , Chuang Chen‐Po , Chang Ruay‐Shiung 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYCloud computing has become more and more popular nowadays since it possesses various conveniences such as pay as you go, dynamically deployment, and high efficiency. A numbers of cloud computing platforms are now in the market. Apache Hadoop, an open‐source platform, is one of these platforms which has been widely used by companies and organizations, because it is free for both research and production. From the perspective of service providers, it is better to see infrastructure running at the lowest possible power consumption and in the same time satisfying the QoS. From the viewpoint of the service clients, it is also the best situation that all functions they desire are running well at the lowest service cost. By putting ourselves in their shoes, in this paper, we propose the event trigger, which provides an automatic event recording mechanism. The event trigger applies the recorded parameters onto an easy‐understanding visual graph. By doing so, users will be able to adjust their deployment of hardware resource through a simple and straightforward understanding of their system performance records. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD44 Expressed on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Is a Functional Molecule Supporting the Stemness and Drug Resistance of Malignant Cancer Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kinugasa Yumi , Matsui Takahiro , Takakura Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cells constituting the tumor microenvironment are attractive targets for developing new cancer therapies. Here we show that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumor growth in vivo and maintain the stemness of cancer stem/initiating cells in an in vitro model using an established CAF cell line. We found that CD44 is abundantly expressed on CAFs. This molecule is a cancer stem cell marker in several tumors, but its role in tumorigenesis when expressed by CAFs has not been investigated. It is generally accepted that hypoxic and hyponutritional conditions are triggers of cancer malignancy. We found that CAFs strongly express CD44 in hypoxic and avascular areas in the tumor and that its expression on established CAFs is upregulated under hypoxic and hyponutritional conditions in vitro. In addition, CAF CD44-positivity in tumor tissues was increased after treatment with inhibitors of angiogenesis. Using cocultures and tumor sphere formation assays, CAFs from wild-type mice were found to sustain the stemness of cancer stem/initiating cells, while CD44-deficient CAFs did not. Furthermore, CD44 was involved in malignant cancer cell drug resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, our study suggests that CD44 on CAFs is a functional molecule contributing to the maintenance of cancer stem cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Stem Cells 2014;32:145–156