bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of human papillomavirus subtype and clinical course in respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Mounts Phoebe , Kashima Haskins 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe relationship of human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV‐6) subtypes to the clinical manifestations of respiratory papillomatosis was investigated. DNA was isolated from biopsy specimens of 21 patients and the viral genome analyzed by molecular hybridization. Four subtypes, designated HPV‐6c through HPV‐6f, were distinguishable by restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of the viral genome. Patient records were reviewed to identify associations between viral subtype and sex, race, age at onset of papilloma, duration of disease, frequency of operations, history of tracheotomy and anatomical extension of papilloma. HPV‐6c was present in 13 cases which were characterized by extensive anatomical spread of disease, higher frequency of operations, and a need for tracheotomy. HPV‐6d occurred in 4 black patients with juvenile onset papilloma. HPV‐6e was found in 2 white patients — 1 with juvenile onset and 1 with adult onset papilloma. HPV‐6f was identified in 2 white patients with adult onset disease.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. , Sigler Barbara A. , Thearle Patricia B. , Schramm Victor L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe use of antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck surgery is controversial. Most surgeons agree that when surgery requires entry into the aerodigestive tract through the skin the wound is by definition contaminated and antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated as it is in other contaminated wounds. There is no general agreement as to which antibiotic or combination of antibiotics to use or what the schedule of dosage administration should be. In order to obtain a meaningful data to help in decision making, a double blind, randomized study was performed to investigate whether cefazolin alone or a combination of gentamicin and clindamycin was more effective in prophylaxis.All patients entered into the study underwent major oncologic head and neck surgery requiring entry into the upper aerodigestive tract through the skin. Patients were stratified at entry according to the stage of disease, surgical procedure, and the existence of a prior tracheotomy or prior radiation therapy. Subsequently, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Group I: Cefazolin 1 day, placebo day 2 to 5. Group II: Cefazolin days 1 to 5. Group III: Gentamicin and clindamycin 1 day, placebo days 2 to 5. Group IV: Gentamicin and clindamycin days 1 to 5. Drugs were given intravenously beginning 3 hours preoperatively and continued postoperatively every 8 hours, according to the assigned schedule. All wounds were observed daily following surgery and were graded on a predetermined scale by 3 unbiased observers.Significant wound infections occurred in 15% of all patients. Group I, 33%; Group II, 20%; Group III, 7%; Group IV, 4%. In Group III and Group IV there was a statistically significant (P < .05) reduction in the rate of postoperative wound infection. Multifactoral analysis demonstrated that patients whose surgery included repair with a regional pectoral flap had a statistically significant increased chance of developing postoperative wound infection (P < .05). Patients undergoing laryngectomy, with or without neck dissection, were at less risk of postoperative infection than patients undergoing oropharyngeal resection (P < .05). The preoperative existence of tracheotomy or prior radiation therapy had no demonstrable effect on the incidence of wound infection postoperatively in this study.
Effect of hearing aids on hearing
Authors: Podoshin L. , Kremer M. , Fradis M. , Feiglin H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examined 114 patients aged 10 to 91 years with different kinds of hearing aids fitted in one ear only, the unaided ear acting as a control.They were re‐examined several times during a period of follow‐up from 1 to 9 years comparing the relative change in hearing due to hearing aid usage with various degrees of amplification of the aid.We compared the degree of hearing loss in the aided and unaided ear looking for evidence of a possible change in hearing related to the frequency of hearing aid usage in hours per day and in years, the maximum power output (MPO) and the gain of the aid.According to our findings there is no change in hearing between the aided and the unaided ear at the α=0.05 probability level at least for 8 years. There is no effect of the long‐term amplification of the hearing aid on deterioration of hearing comparing the aided ear and the unaided ear, but with high MPO of the aid, the patient should be followed up more frequently than with low MPO amplification.
Iontophoretic treatment of oral herpes
Authors: Henley‐Cohn Julian , Hausfeld Jeffrey N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent development of pharmaceutical agents that interfere with reproduction and metabolism of the herpes virus appear to have clinical applications in the treatment of orocutaneous herpetic lesions. Use of topical medications has always been limited by skin penetration. Combining these new pharmaceutical agents with iontotransport techniques has been shown to be effective for treatment of herpetic lesions. Instrumentation and a specially designed applicator electrode are described. Use of this instrumentation and its clinical application is described in the treatment of 32 patients and the results are summarized.Combining the use of the new pharmaceuticals with the iontotransport instrumentation is described as an effective treatment of localized herpetic lesions. Similar technique offers fascinating possibilities in other areas of skin pathology.
Changes in the composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter during sea ice formation
Authors: Jørgensen Linda , Stedmon Colin A. , Kaartokallio Hermanni , Middelboe Mathias , Thomas David N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean receives a large amount of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) from rivers and more than half of this is removed during its passage through the Arctic Ocean. Terrestrial DOM is generally believed to have a low bioavailability and recent studies point to physicochemical processes such as sea ice formation as the source of the significant DOM removal in the Arctic Ocean. We present the results of a mesocosm experiment designed to investigate how sea ice formation affects DOM composition and bioavailability. We measured the change in different fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) fractions in sea ice, brines (contained in small pores between the ice crystals), and the underlying seawater during a 14 d experiment. Two series of mesocosms were used: one with seawater alone and one with seawater enriched with humic‐rich river water. Abiotic processes increased the humic‐like FDOM signal in the seawater below the ice during the initial ice formation. Humic‐like FDOM fractions with a marine signal were preferentially retained in sea ice (relative to salinity), whereas humic‐like FDOM with a terrestrial signal behaved more conservatively with respect to salinity. Amino acid‐like FDOM and an unknown FDOM component, only previously found in Antarctic brines, were associated with biological activity and possibly extracellular polymeric substances in sea ice. An additional long‐term (226–228 d) bioassay experiment with seawater collected from the mesocosm experiment revealed that 11% ± 2% of the bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was bioavailable. However, 16% ± 12% of DOC expelled from the ice into the seawater below was bioavailable and the bioavailability of DOC in brine was even higher at 45%. DOM is highly susceptible to physicochemical changes during sea ice formation, leading to modifications in composition and increased bioavailability, which can in part explain terrestrial DOC removal in the Arctic Ocean.
Effects of clay minerals on the aggregation and subsequent settling of marine Synechococcus
Authors: Deng Wei , Monks Logan , Neuer Susanne 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCyanobacteria are considered to play an important role in the oceanic biological carbon pump, especially in oligotrophic regions. But as single cells are too small to sink, their carbon export has to be mediated by aggregate formation and possible consumption by zooplankton producing sinking fecal pellets. Here, we study the aggregation and subsequent settling of the ubiquitous marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus as a model organism in roller tanks and investigate the effects of the clays kaolinite and bentonite in a series of concentrations. We found that (1) Synechococcus cells formed aggregates as large as 1.4 mm in diameter that sank at velocities of up to 440 m d−1 and 660 m d−1 with and without ballasting clays, respectively; (2) clay minerals increased the number and reduced the size of aggregates, and their ballasting effects increased the excess density and sinking velocity of aggregates; (3) kaolinite, with its lower cation exchange capacity, resulted in smaller and slower sinking aggregates compared to bentonite; and (4) based on our experimental conditions, Synechococcus could potentially export carbon 2–3 times of that contained in their cells via aggregation, likely due to the scavenging of transparent exopolymer particles and dissolved organic matter. The presented results have relevance for our understanding of the role of cyanobacteria in the ecology and biogeochemistry in today's ocean and also elucidate mechanisms of carbon export in the early Proterozoic ocean.
Solution Behavior of Hydrolyzed Gradient Methyl/Phenyl Oxazoline Copolymers and Complexation with DNA
Authors: Vlassi Eleni , Pispas Stergios 
Published: February 2015

Partial hydrolysis of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline/2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline gradient copolymers (MPOx copolymers) results in amphiphilic copolymers containing cationic ethylene imine, neutral hydrophilic 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline, and hydrophobic 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline segments (HMPOx copolymers). The solution behavior of the HMPOx copolymers has been investigated in water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) by static, dynamic, and electrophoretic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The copolymers form stable spherical aggregates in aqueous media with positive surface charge. The aggregates are found to interact extensively with proteins in FBS solutions. Soluble HMPOx/DNA complexes have also been formed in aqueous media at certain HMPOx/DNA compositions due to electrostatic interactions. The polyplexes have been studied in terms of structure and colloidal stability.
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One‐Pot Sequential Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization Synthesis of Unsaturated Block Polyphosphoesters
Authors: Ding Liang , Wang Chengshuang , Lin Ling , Zhu Zhenshu 
Published: February 2015

A novel divergent approach is presented for the one‐pot synthesis of unsaturated block poly­phosphoester (PPE) structures by a sequential ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. A linear functional PPE bearing one or two terminal acrylate groups is first prepared through the third generation Grubbs catalyst‐mediated ROMP of seven‐membered cyclic phosphate monomer, in the presence of a symmetrical multifunctional terminating agent or chain transfer agent. The functional PPE is then utilized as a selective macromolecular chain stopper in subsequent ADMET polymerization of phosphoester functional asymmetric α,ω‐diene monomer, yielding unsaturated block PPEs. The thermal properties of block PPEs are studied and their thermal degradation and flame‐retardant properties are evaluated. Furthermore, the prepared block PPEs can spontaneously self‐assemble in a selective solvent to form polymeric micelles, which are characterized in detail by dynamic light scattering, atom force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses.
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Significance of the superposition of cyclic mechanical and corrosive loadings in the qualification process of aluminium alloys
Authors: Bauer‐Troßmann K. , Yu L. , Melz T. , Oechsner M. , Kaufmann H. 
Published: February 2015

In order to take advantage of the potential of new high strength aluminium alloys for corrosion fatigue loaded components, it is of importance to qualify their suitability regarding superposed mechanical and corrosive loadings prior to established validation tests such as the structural durability proof.Up to now selection of potential aluminium alloys for chassis applications is based on stand‐alone mechanical and fatigue properties as well as a wide range of alloy‐specific corrosion tests not taking into account simultaneous cyclic mechanical and corrosive loadings occurring in service.Within this paper, approaches comprising fatigue testing in air, pre‐corrosion with consecutive fatigue testing and corrosion fatigue tests are discussed regarding their suitability to assess the behaviour of aluminium alloys under operating conditions.Aluminium alloys of different alloy series with different sensitisation conditions towards corrosion are included in this review.
Molecular investigation of the radiation resistance of edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005
Authors: Badri Hanène , Monsieurs Pieter , Coninx Ilse , Wattiez Ruddy , Leys Natalie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to characterize in detail the response of Arthrospira to ionizing radiation, to better understand its radiation resistance capacity. Live cells of Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. This study is the first, showing that Arthrospira is highly tolerant to gamma rays, and can survive at least 6400 Gy (dose rate of 527 Gy h−1), which identified Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 as a radiation resistant bacterium. Biochemical, including proteomic and transcriptomic, analysis after irradiation with 3200 or 5000 Gy showed a decline in photosystem II quantum yield, reduced carbon fixation, and reduced pigment, lipid, and secondary metabolite synthesis. Transcription of photo‐sensing and signaling pathways, and thiol‐based antioxidant systems was induced. Transcriptomics did show significant activation of ssDNA repair systems and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) at the RNA level. Surprisingly, the cells did not induce the classical antioxidant or DNA repair systems, such superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and the RecA protein. Arthrospira cells lack the catalase gene and the LexA repressor. Irradiated Arthrospira cells did induce strongly a group of conserved proteins, of which the function in radiation resistance remains to be elucidated, but which are a promising novel routes to be explored. This study revealed the radiation resistance of Arthrospira, and the molecular systems involved, paving the way for its further and better exploitation.
Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson Disease: How Much You Fall or How Low You Go?
Authors: Palma Jose‐Alberto , Gomez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy , Martinez Jose , Tijero Beatriz , Berganzo Koldo , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and can occur with or without symptoms. Pharmacological treatments are effective, but often exacerbate supine hypertension. Guidelines exist for the diagnosis, but not for the treatment of OH. We examined the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and symptoms in a cohort of PD patients with the goal of identifying a hemodynamic target to guide treatment. We measured BP supine and upright (tilt or active standing) and identified the presence or absence of symptomatic OH by using a validated patient‐reported outcome questionnaire in 210 patients with PD. We evaluated the usefulness of the 20/10 and 30/15 mmHg diagnostic criteria (systolic/diastolic) to identify symptomatic OH. Fifty percent of the PD patient cohort met criteria for the 20/10 fall and 30% for the 30/15 BP fall. Among the patients who met either OH criteria, the percentage of those with symptoms was small (33% of those with 20/10 and 44% of those with 30/15 mmHg; 16% and 13%, respectively, overall). Symptomatic OH was associated with an upright mean BP below 75 mmHg. A mean standing BP <75 mmHg had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98% for detecting symptomatic OH. Although the prevalence of OH in PD is high, not all patients have symptoms of organ hypoperfusion. A mean standing BP below 75 mmHg appears to be a useful benchmark when deciding whether the benefits of initiating pharmacological treatment of OH outweigh the risks of exacerbating supine hypertension. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Improving AutoDock Vina Using Random Forest: The Growing Accuracy of Binding Affinity Prediction by the Effective Exploitation of Larger Data Sets
Authors: Li Hongjian , Leung Kwong‐Sak , Wong Man‐Hon , Ballester Pedro J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence showing that machine learning regression results in more accurate structure‐based prediction of protein‐ligand binding affinity. Docking methods that aim at optimizing the affinity of ligands for a target rely on how accurate their predicted ranking is. However, despite their proven advantages, machine‐learning scoring functions are still not widely applied. This seems to be due to insufficient understanding of their properties and the lack of user‐friendly software implementing them. Here we present a study where the accuracy of AutoDock Vina, arguably the most commonly‐used docking software, is strongly improved by following a machine learning approach. We also analyse the factors that are responsible for this improvement and their generality. Most importantly, with the help of a proposed benchmark, we demonstrate that this improvement will be larger as more data becomes available for training Random Forest models, as regression models implying additive functional forms do not improve with more training data. We discuss how the latter opens the door to new opportunities in scoring function development. In order to facilitate the translation of this advance to enhance structure‐based molecular design, we provide software to directly re‐score Vina‐generated poses and thus strongly improve their predicted binding affinity. The software is available at http://istar.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/rf‐score‐3.tgz and http://crcm. marseille.inserm.fr/fileadmin/rf‐score‐3.tgz
How Quickly Do Catholic Bishops Become Obsolete?
Authors: Zech Charles 
Published: February 2015

A well‐developed management literature exists that argues that new corporate chief executive officers’ performance initially increases, but for a variety of reasons it eventually peaks and then decreases; this pattern of performance is graphically depicted as an inverted U‐shaped form. The explanation is that although there might exist an appropriate match between the CEO and the organization's needs at the time of appointment, a CEO’s effectiveness will diminish because of factors such as a leveling off in learning on the part of the CEO; a reluctance on the part of CEOs to change their management style; an increased reliance on fewer, primarily internal, advisors; and the tendency for these advisors to provide CEOs only with the type of information that they want to hear. All of this is compounded by a dynamic external environment.This article applies this theory to the case of US Catholic bishops in an effort to discover whether they might follow the same pattern in leading their dioceses. Using the number of seminarians recruited as a performance measure, a pooled data set was tested for the existence of an inverted U‐shaped pattern. Instead, the findings show a monotonically decreasing impact on performance as bishop tenure increases. One possible explanation is a poor initial match between a bishop's talents and the diocese's needs.
Exposure to aripiprazole during embryogenesis: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Bellet Florelle , Beyens Marie‐Noëlle , Bernard Nathalie , Beghin Delphine , Elefant Elisabeth , Vial Thierry 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThe main purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of major malformations after aripiprazole exposure during the embryonic period. The secondary purposes were to assess the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, fetal growth retardation and maternal complications and to describe possible neonatal adverse effects.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using data prospectively collected by the French Pharmacovigilance Centres participating to the Terappel program and the Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes between 2004 and 2011. The exposed group consisted of pregnant women exposed to aripiprazole during embryogenesis, and the unexposed group consisted of pregnant women without exposure or exposed to non‐teratogenic agents. Two unexposed patients, matched for age and gestational age at call, were randomly selected for each exposed patient.ResultsEighty‐six patients were included in the exposed group and 172 in the unexposed group. Exposure to aripiprazole was not significantly associated with an increased rate of major malformations (OR 2.30, 95%CI 0.32–16.7) or miscarriage (1.66, 0.63–4.38) or gestational diabetes (1.15, 0.33–4.04) compared to non‐exposure. The study revealed significantly increased rates of prematurity (OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.06–6.27) and fetal growth retardation (2.97, 1.23–7.16) in exposed newborns, difficult to interpret because of the short duration of maternal exposure. Two cases of neonatal complications were reported among the 19 newborns exposed to aripiprazole near delivery.ConclusionThis study failed to demonstrate a significant association between aripiprazole exposure during the embryonic period and major malformations. More powerful prospective studies are required to clarify the reproductive safety profile of aripiprazole. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the possible association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events among children with asthma: a matched nested case‐control study
Authors: Ali Mir M. , O'Brien Catherine E. , Cleves Mario A. , Martin Bradley C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThere is conflicting evidence regarding the association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events (NE). We sought to examine this association among children with asthma.MethodsUsing a 10% sample of the LifeLink Health Plan Claims data, subjects less than 18 years of age with a primary diagnosis of asthma between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2009 were identified. A range of case definitions for NE was formulated based on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders and use of psychotropic medications. Using a matched nested case‐control design, three controls were matched to each case on age, gender and geographic region, and assigned a matching index date. Exposure to montelukast was measured as any exposure during the year, recency of exposure, cumulative duration of exposure, and cumulative dose. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) controlling for potential confounders.ResultsUsing the broadest case definition, 1920 cases were identified. Subjects exposed to montelukast during the prior year had an unadjusted OR of 1.09 (95%CI [0.96, 1.22]) and adjusted OR of 1.01 (95%CI [0.88, 1.14]) for experiencing NE measured using the broadest definition. A clear dose–response relationship was not observed. Exposure to a moderate chronic cumulative dose of montelukast (481 mg–1050 mg) had a higher odds of being diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disturbances (OR = 1.27; 95%CI [1.03, 1.57]) while exposure to high cumulative doses (>1050 mg) had a lower odds (OR = 0.64; 95%CI [0.50, 0.82]).ConclusionsThese data did not detect a consistent significant positive association between montelukast and NE in children with asthma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.