bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Were Financial Flows in Latin America and the Caribbean Shifted by their Crises?
Authors: Delbianco Fernando Andrés , Fioriti Andrés 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe study in this paper the presence of structural breaks in the capital flows of 16 economies of Latin America using a unit root test. This is complemented with a specific test of structural breaks and another unit root test. Afterward we proceed to analyze the likelihood of contemporaneity between the breaks found and the crises the countries had suffered in the last 40 years. These crises were either of currency, banking, domestic and external debt type. We find many cases of contemporaneity, especially with the crises that occurred at the end of the 90s. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of frontal‐plane hip joint reaction force via medio‐lateral foot center of pressure manipulation: A pilot study
Authors: Solomonow‐Avnon Deborah , Wolf Alon , Herman Amir , Rozen Nimrod , Haim Amir 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTFootwear‐generated biomechanical manipulation of lower‐limb joints has been shown to influence lower‐limb biomechanics. Numerous studies report the influence of such interventions on the knee, however little is known about the influence of these interventions on the hip. The present study analyzed kinetic and kinematic changes about the hip of 12 healthy young males who underwent biomechanical manipulation utilizing the APOS biomechanical device (APOS–Medical and Sports Technologies Ltd., Herzliya, Israel) allowing controlled foot center of pressure manipulation. Subjects underwent gait testing in four para‐sagittal device configurations: Medial, lateral, neutral, and regular shoes. In the medial configuration, subjects demonstrated no change in step width (i.e., distance between right and left foot center of pressure), however inter‐malleolar distance significantly increased. Likewise with the medial setting, greater hip abduction was recorded, while hip adduction moment and joint reaction force decreased significantly. We speculate that subjects adopt a modified gait pattern aimed to maintain constant base of support. As a result, hip abductor muscle moment arm increases and adduction moment and joint reaction force decreases. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show this relationship. These results contribute to the understanding of lower‐limb biomechanics and warrant further investigation. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:261–269, 2015.
Application of melanin‐free ink as a new antioxidative gel enhancer in sardine surimi gel
Authors: Vate Naveen Kumar , Benjakul Soottawat , Agustini Tri Winarni 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe squid ink that is discarded as waste during processing can be effectively utilised as a gel enhancer in surimi gels, especially those prepared from dark‐fleshed fish which have poor gel properties. It also acts as an antioxidant, inhibiting lipid oxidation. This investigation aimed to study the effect of melanin‐free ink (MFI) from splendid squid (Loligo formosana) on properties and oxidative stability of surimi gel from sardine (Sardinella albella).RESULTSMFI (0–0.1 g kg−1 surimi) increased the breaking force and deformation of sardine surimi gel in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The addition of MFI had no effect on whiteness of surimi gels (P > 0.05). The expressible moisture content of gels decreased as the levels of MFI increased (P < 0.05). Based on a microstructure study, gel added with MFI at a level of 0.08 g kg−1 surimi was denser and finer than that of the control (without MFI). Surimi gels with MFI had lower peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nonanal and 2‐decenal.CONCLUSIONMFI could improve the properties of sardine surimi gel. Additionally, it was able to prevent lipid oxidation in surimi gels during refrigerated storage. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Does body mass index predict tracheal airway size?
Authors: D'Anza Brian , Knight Jesse , Greene J. Scott 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the relationship between body mass index along with other anthropomorphic variables as they relate to tracheal airway dimensions.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThis was a radiographic study of 123 consecutive hospitalized patients undergoing tracheotomy over a 4‐year period (2007–2011). We measured airway dimensions in axial computed tomography imaging and made comparisons with height, weight, body mass index, gender, and age. Measurements were taken at the first tracheal ring level including anterior‐posterior length, width, and calculated area. We expected higher body mass index not to be a good predictor of larger airway dimensions.ResultsThe linear regression model showed body mass index was significantly inversely related to tracheal width after controlling for gender and age (P = .0389). For every 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index, the tracheal width decreased by 0.05 mm. There was a trend for airway area to diminish with increasing body mass index.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with the hypothesis that obese patients do not have larger airways. Our study indicated a trend toward smaller airways as body mass index increased. Specifically, as body mass index increases, tracheal width appears to decrease. This information should help medical professionals avoid the tendency to use a larger tube to secure the airway of an obese patient. Hopefully, this will result in further research into the field and may prevent future airway injuries in a society where obesity has become epidemic.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1093–1097, 2015
A Bifunctional Amorphous Polymer Exhibiting Equal Linear and Circular Photoinduced Birefringences
Authors: Royes Jorge , Provenzano Clementina , Pagliusi Pasquale , Tejedor Rosa M. , Piñol Milagros , Oriol Luis 
Published: September 2014

The large and reversible photoinduced linear and circular birefringences in azo‐compounds are at the basis of the interest in these materials, which are potentially useful for several applications. Since the onset of the linear and circular anisotropies relies on orientational processes, which typically occur on the molecular and supramolecular length scale, respectively, a circular birefringence at least one order of magnitude lower than the linear one is usually observed. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an amorphous polymer with a dimeric repeating unit containing a cyanoazobenzene and a cyanobiphenyl moiety are reported, in which identical optical linear and circular birefringences are induced for proper light dose and ellipticity. A pump‐probe technique and an analytical method based on the Stokes–Mueller formalism are used to investigate the photoinduced effects and to evaluate the anisotropies. The peculiar photoresponse of the polymer makes it a good candidate for applications in smart functional devices.
image
Formulations of hormone therapy and risk of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lundin Jessica I. , Ton Thanh G.N. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Longstreth W.T. , Franklin Gary M. , Swanson Phillip D. , Smith‐Weller Terri , Racette Brad A. , Checkoway Harvey 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHormone therapy (HT) is a class of medications widely prescribed to women in the Western world. Evidence from animal models and in vitro studies suggests that estrogen may protect against nigrostriatal system injury and increase dopamine synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Existing epidemiologic research indicates a possible reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with HT use. The objective of this study was to evaluate PD risk associated with specific HT formulations. Neurologist‐confirmed cases and age‐matched controls were identified from Group Health Cooperative (GHC) of Washington State. Final analysis included 137 female cases and 227 controls. Hormone therapy use was ascertained from the GHC pharmacy database, further classified as conjugated estrogens, esterified estrogens, and progestin. Ever use of HT formulation demonstrated a suggested elevated risk with esterified estrogen use (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0‐9.8), and no risk associated with conjugated estrogen use (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.6‐1.3). Restricting this analysis to prescriptions that included progestin further elevated the risk associated with esterified estrogen use (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.1‐22.9); again, no risk was associated with conjugated estrogen use (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.6‐5.0). The findings from this study suggest an increase in PD risk associated with esterified estrogen use combined with progestin, and no risk associated with conjugated estrogen with progestin. These findings could have important implications for choice of HT in clinical practice. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of optical and MR‐based tracking
Authors: Gumus Kazim , Keating Brian , White Nathan , Andrews‐Shigaki Brian , Armstrong Brian , Maclaren Julian , Zaitsev Maxim , Dale Anders , Ernst Thomas 
Published: September 2014

PurposeThe goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of two real‐time motion tracking systems in the MR environment: MR‐based prospective motion correction (PROMO) and optical moiré phase tracking (MPT).MethodsFive subjects performed eight predefined head rotations of 8° ± 3° while being simultaneously tracked with PROMO and MPT. Structural images acquired immediately before and after each tracking experiment were realigned with SPM8 to provide a reference measurement.ResultsMean signed errors (MSEs) in MPT tracking relative to SPM8 were less than 0.3 mm and 0.2° in all 6 degrees of freedom, and MSEs in PROMO tracking ranged up to 0.2 mm and 0.3°. MPT and PROMO significantly differed from SPM8 in y‐translation and y‐rotation values (P < 0.05). Maximum absolute errors ranged up to 2.8 mm and 2.1° for MPT, and 2.2 mm and 2.9° for PROMO.ConclusionThis study presents the first in vivo comparison of MPT and PROMO tracking. Our data show that two methods yielded similar performances (within 1 mm and 1° standard deviation) relative to reference image registration. Tracking errors of both systems were larger than offline tests. Future work is required for further comparison of two methods in vivo with higher precision. Magn Reson Med 74:894–902, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An adaptive and efficient greedy procedure for the optimal training of parametric reduced‐order models
Authors: Paul‐Dubois‐Taine A. , Amsallem D. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAn adaptive and efficient approach for constructing reduced‐order models (ROMs) that are robust to changes in parameters is developed. The approach is based on a greedy sampling of the underlying high‐dimensional model (HDM) together with an efficient procedure for exploring the configuration space and identifying parameters for which the error is likely to be high. Because this exploration is based on a surrogate model for an error indicator, it is amenable to a fast training phase. Furthermore, a model for the exact error based on the error indicator is constructed and used to determine when the greedy procedure reaches a desired error tolerance. An efficient procedure for updating the reduced‐order basis constructed by proper orthogonal decomposition is also introduced in this paper, avoiding the cost associated with computing large‐scale singular value decompositions. The proposed procedure is then shown to require less evaluations of a posteriori error estimators than the classical procedure in order to identify locations of the parameter space to be sampled. It is illustrated on the training of parametric ROMs for three linear and nonlinear mechanical systems, including the realistic prediction of the response of a V‐hull vehicle to underbody blasts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and self‐assembly of linear, dibranched, and miktoarm semifluorinated triphilic polymers
Authors: Tucker William B. , McCoy Aaron M. , Fix Samantha M. , Stagg Melissa F. , Murphy Matt M. , Mecozzi Sandro 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTLinear, dibranched, and miktoarm amphiphiles containing both hydrophobic and fluorophilic moieties were synthesized and characterized in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between semifluorinated amphiphile structure and aggregate behavior in aqueous solution. For the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, there was an exponential decrease in critical aggregation concentration (CMC) and a logarithmic increase in core microviscosity with increasing length of the fluorocarbon segments; while the miktoarm architecture produced no notable trend in microviscosity or CMC. Furthermore, the linear and dibranched surfactants showed enhanced kinetic stability, dissociating more slowly in the presence of human serum than did either the dibranched or miktoarm amphiphiles. Finally, encapsulation studies with the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) showed that the ability to solubilize and retain PTX increased with the presence and with the increasing size of the fluorocarbon moiety for both the linear and dibranched amphiphiles, while no such trend was observed for the miktoarm amphiphiles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3324–3336
Generic constructions of secure‐channel free searchable encryption with adaptive security
Authors: Emura Keita , Miyaji Atsuko , Rahman Mohammad Shahriar , Omote Kazumasa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFor searching keywords against encrypted data, public key encryption scheme with keyword search (PEKS), and its extension secure‐channel free PEKS (SCF‐PEKS), has been proposed. In this paper, we extend the security of SCF‐PEKS, calling it adaptive SCF‐PEKS, wherein an adversary (modeled as a “malicious‐but‐legitimate” receiver) is allowed to issue test queries adaptively. We show that adaptive SCF‐PEKS can be generically constructed by anonymous identity‐based encryption only. That is, SCF‐PEKS can be constructed without any additional cryptographic primitive when compared with the Abdalla et al. PEKS construction (J. Cryptology 2008), even though adaptive SCF‐PEKS requires additional functionalities. We also propose other adaptive SCF‐PEKS construction, which is not fully generic but is efficient compared with the first one. Finally, we instantiate an adaptive SCF‐PEKS scheme (via our second construction) that achieves a similar level of efficiency for the costs of the test procedure and encryption, compared with the (non‐adaptive secure) SCF‐PEKS scheme by Fang et al. (CANS2009). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for domestic biofuels for transport in Sweden 2030 based on current production and future plans
Authors: Grahn Maria , Hansson Julia 
Published: September 2014

Currently, Sweden has the largest share of renewable fuels for transport in the EU. The ambition of the Swedish Government for 2030 is for a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels. This paper assesses the potential future contribution of domestically produced biofuels for transport in Sweden to 2030, based on a mapping of the prospects from the actual and potential Swedish biofuel producers. There are plans for cellulose‐based ethanol, methanol, DME (dimethyl ether), methane, and the biodiesel option HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil). Continued domestic production of biofuels at current levels and the realization of all the ongoing mapped plans for additional biofuels production result in potential domestic biofuels production of 18 TWhfuel in 2023. When assuming a continued expansion of biofuels production capacity, the potential domestic biofuels production reaches about 26 TWhfuel in 2030. If the realization of the mapped biofuels plans is delayed by 5 years and the pace of continued implementation of additional biofuel capacity is also reduced, the potential domestic biofuels production is reduced to about 8 TWhfuel and 20 TWhfuel biofuels in 2020 and 2030, respectively. These two scenarios correspond to a share of biofuels of the total future energy demand for road transport in Sweden at about 10–30% in 2020 and 26–79% in 2030, depending on which official energy demand scenario is used. The actual contribution of biofuels for road transport will depend on, e.g., policies, the global development for fossil fuels and biofuels, the competition for biomass and biofuels, and future energy demand in the road transport sector. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:290–306. doi: 10.1002/wene.138This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
ON A CLASS OF ELLIPTIC SYSTEM OF SCHRÖDINGER–POISSON TYPE
Authors: FERREIRA LUCAS C. F. , MEDEIROS EVERALDO S. , MONTENEGRO MARCELO 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper we prove existence and qualitative properties of solutions for a nonlinear elliptic system arising from the coupling of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the Poisson equation. We use a contraction map approach together with estimates of the Bessel potential used to rewrite the system in an integral form.
Testing an unusual in vivo vessel network model: a method to study angiogenesis in the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Gasparini Fabio , Caicci Federico , Rigon Francesca , Zaniolo Giovanna , Manni Lucia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTunicates are the closest relatives to vertebrates and include the only chordate species able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. The colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is embedded in a transparent extracellular matrix (the tunic) containing the colonial circulatory system (CCS). The latter is a network of vessels external to zooids, limited by a simple, flat epithelium that originated from the epidermis. The CCS propagates and regenerates by remodelling and extending the vessel network through the mechanism of sprouting, which typically characterises vertebrate angiogenesis. In exploiting the characteristics of B. schlosseri as a laboratory model, we present a new experimental and analysis method based on the ability to obtain genetically identical subclones representing paired samples for the appropriate quantitative outcome statistical analysis. The method, tested using human VEGF and EGF to induce angiogenesis, shows that the CCS provides a useful in vivo vessel network model for testing the effects of specific injected solutes on vessel dynamics. These results show the potentiality of B. schlosseri CCS as an effective complementary model for in vivo studies on angiogenesis and anticancer therapy. We discuss this potentiality, taking into consideration the origin, nature and roles of the cellular and molecular agents involved in CCS growth.
Polylactic acid/polyethylene glycol blend fibres prepared via melt electrospinning: effect of polyethylene glycol content
Authors: Nazari Tayebe , Garmabi Hamid 
Published: September 2014

Polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and spun via a melt‐electrospinning system. The effect of PEG content on the PLA melt and the thermal behaviour of the blend was studied using dynamic rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. By fitting a rheological model, parameters such as zero‐shear viscosity and the relaxation time of polymer chains were obtained. A substantial reduction of zero‐shear viscosity and relaxation time by increasing the PEG content from 0 to 30 wt% was observed. Crystallisation peaks shifted to lower temperatures and the crystallinity level increased in PLA/PEG blends against PEG concentration. The results revealed enhanced polymer chain mobility because of the plasticising effect of PEG. Continuous microfibres were obtained by electrospinning of PLA/PEG blends. While neat PLA was not spinnable at the spinning temperature of 200°C, PLA/PEG blends were easily spun and the lowest fibre diameters of 3–6 μm were achieved with 30% PEG loading, at an applied voltage of 70 kV.
Relationship between Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia and Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Having Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Turan Alparslan , You Jing , Egan Cameron , Fu Alex , Gazmuri Ignazia , Khanna Ashish , Eshraghi Yashar , Ghosh Raktim , Bose Somnath , Qavi Shahbaz , Arora Lovkesh , Sessler Daniel I. , Doufas Anthony G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
Recurrent nocturnal hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea enhances sympathetic function, decreases baroreceptor sensitivity, and weakens peripheral vascular responses to adrenergic signals. The authors hypothesized that the percentage of total sleep time spent at oxyhemoglobin saturation (Sao
2) less than 90% and minimum nocturnal Sao
2 on preoperative polysomnography are associated with decreased intraoperative mean arterial pressure.

Methods:
The authors examined the records of all patients who had laparoscopic bariatric surgery at Cleveland Clinic between 2005 and 2009 and an available polysomnography study. The authors assessed the relationships between the percentage of total sleep time spent at Sao
2 less than 90% and minimum nocturnal Sao
2, and the time-weighted average of mean arterial pressure. The authors used multivariable regression models to adjust for prespecified clinical confounders.

Results:
Two hundred eighty-one patients were included in the analysis. The average change in the time-weighted average of mean arterial pressure was −0.02 (97.5% CI, −0.08, 0.04) mmHg for each 1% absolute increase in the percentage of sleep time spent at Sao
2 less than 90% (P = 0.50). The average change was −0.13 (97.5% CI, −0.27, 0.01) mmHg, for each 1% absolute decrease in the minimum Sao
2 (P = 0.04 > significance criterion of 0.025, Bonferroni correction). An unplanned analysis estimated 1% absolute decrease in minimum Sao
2 was associated with −0.22 (98.75% CI, −0.39, −0.04) mmHg, change in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.002) in the time period between endotracheal intubation and trocar insertion.

Conclusion:
Recurrent nocturnal hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea is not a risk marker for intraoperative hypotension.
Two-phase importance sampling for inference about transmission trees
Authors: Numminen Elina , Chewapreecha Claire , Sirén Jukka , Turner Claudia , Turner Paul , Bentley Stephen D. , Corander Jukka 
Published: September 2014

There has been growing interest in the statistics community to develop methods for inferring transmission pathways of infectious pathogens from molecular sequence data. For many datasets, the computational challenge lies in the huge dimension of the missing data. Here, we introduce an importance sampling scheme in which the transmission trees and phylogenies of pathogens are both sampled from reasonable importance distributions, alleviating the inference. Using this approach, arbitrary models of transmission could be considered, contrary to many earlier proposed methods. We illustrate the scheme by analysing transmissions of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
from household to household within a refugee camp, using data in which only a fraction of hosts is observed, but which is still rich enough to unravel the within-household transmission dynamics and pairs of households between whom transmission is plausible. We observe that while probability of direct transmission is low even for the most prominent cases of transmission, still those pairs of households are geographically much closer to each other than expected under random proximity.