bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Allocation of Possible EU Total Allowable Catches (TAC) for the Mediterranean Swordfish: An Envy‐Free Criterion and Equitable Procedure
Authors: Kampas Athanasios 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the allocation of entitlement rights for the management of common property resources. In particular, the case of allocating a Total Allowable Catch quota for the Mediterranean swordfish is examined as a case study. The proposed approach comprises three steps. First, there is a bargaining procedure between the European Union (EU) and the rest of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) countries. As soon as an initial agreement is possible, the EU considers various equitable rationing methods to allocate its share to the European Member States. These rationing methods draw upon two different streams of the literature, bankruptcy and ‘burden sharing’. Finally, the European Member States reach a fair agreement through minimising an envy‐free index. The allocation rule which is defined as the weighted average of equal proportion and equal share rationales represents the best compromise solution.
A Simple Solubility Tests for the Discrimination of Acrylic and Modacrylic Fibers
Authors: Suga Keisuke , Narita Yuji , Suzuki Shinichi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn a crime scene investigation, single fibers play an important role as significant trace physical evidence. Acrylic fibers are frequently encountered in forensic analysis. Currently, acrylic and modacrylic are not discriminated clearly in Japan. Only results of FT‐IR, some of acrylics were difficult to separate clearly to acrylic and modacrylic fibers. Solubility test is primitive but convenient useful method, and Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) recommends FT‐IR and solubility test to distinguish acrylic and modacrylic fibers. But recommended JIS dissolving test using 100% N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, some acrylics could not be discriminated. In this report, we used DMF and ethanol (90:10, v/v) solvent. The JIS method could not discriminate 6 acrylics in 60 acrylics; hence, DMF and ethanol (90:10, v/v) solvent discriminated 59 of the 60 fibers (43 acrylic and 16 modacrylic fibers) clearly, but only one modacrylic fiber incorrectly identified as acrylic.
Kinematics of Signature Writing in Healthy Aging
Authors: Caligiuri Michael P. , Kim Chi , Landy Kelly M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractForensic document examiners (FDE) called upon to distinguish a genuine from a forged signature of an elderly person are often required to consider the question of age‐related deterioration and whether the available exemplars reliably capture the natural effects of aging of the original writer. An understanding of the statistical relationship between advanced age and handwriting movements can reduce the uncertainty that may exist in an examiner's approach to questioned signatures formed by elderly writers. The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine age‐related changes in signature kinematics in healthy writers. Forty‐two healthy subjects between the ages of 60–91 years participated in this study. Signatures were recorded using a digitizing tablet, and commercial software was used to examine the temporal and spatial stroke kinematics and pen pressure. Results indicated that vertical stroke duration and dysfluency increased with age, whereas vertical stroke amplitude and velocity decreased with age. Pen pressure decreased with age. We found that a linear model characterized the best‐fit relationship between advanced age and handwriting movement parameters for signature formation. Male writers exhibited stronger age effects than female writers, especially for pen pressure and stroke dysfluency. The present study contributes to an understanding of how advanced age alters signature formation in otherwise healthy adults.
Use of 2D:4D Digit Ratios to Determine Sex
Authors: Barrett Christopher K. , Case D. Troy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSecond to fourth digit ratios (2D:4D) are sexually dimorphic in human hands and established by the 13th gestational week. Application of 2D:4D for determining sex in living individuals by Kanchan et al. (Forensic Sci Int, 181, 2008, 53.e1) produced classification rates of 80% for males and 74–78% for females. Few studies have explored the use of 2D:4D for sexing skeletal remains. We test estimated finger lengths, phalanx lengths, and 2D:4D derived from hand bones for determining sex. Maximum phalanx length was collected using a mini‐osteometric board from 451 individuals of known age, sex, and ancestry in four skeletal collections. Logistic regression of 2nd and 4th digit finger and phalanx lengths produced classification rates greater than 80%. Digit ratios, however, failed to reach classification rates greater than 59%. Our results support those of Voracek (Forensic Sci Int, 185, 2009, e29) and suggest that 2D:4D may be population‐specific and thus inappropriate for universal application as a means of determining sex.
Next‐generation DNA barcoding: using next‐generation sequencing to enhance and accelerate DNA barcode capture from single specimens
Authors: Shokralla Shadi , Gibson Joel F. , Nikbakht Hamid , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie , Hajibabaei Mehrdad 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDNA barcoding is an efficient method to identify specimens and to detect undescribed/cryptic species. Sanger sequencing of individual specimens is the standard approach in generating large‐scale DNA barcode libraries and identifying unknowns. However, the Sanger sequencing technology is, in some respects, inferior to next‐generation sequencers, which are capable of producing millions of sequence reads simultaneously. Additionally, direct Sanger sequencing of DNA barcode amplicons, as practiced in most DNA barcoding procedures, is hampered by the need for relatively high‐target amplicon yield, coamplification of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes, confusion with sequences from intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria (e.g. Wolbachia) and instances of intraindividual variability (i.e. heteroplasmy). Any of these situations can lead to failed Sanger sequencing attempts or ambiguity of the generated DNA barcodes. Here, we demonstrate the potential application of next‐generation sequencing platforms for parallel acquisition of DNA barcode sequences from hundreds of specimens simultaneously. To facilitate retrieval of sequences obtained from individual specimens, we tag individual specimens during PCR amplification using unique 10‐mer oligonucleotides attached to DNA barcoding PCR primers. We employ 454 pyrosequencing to recover full‐length DNA barcodes of 190 specimens using 12.5% capacity of a 454 sequencing run (i.e. two lanes of a 16 lane run). We obtained an average of 143 sequence reads for each individual specimen. The sequences produced are full‐length DNA barcodes for all but one of the included specimens. In a subset of samples, we also detected Wolbachia, nontarget species, and heteroplasmic sequences. Next‐generation sequencing is of great value because of its protocol simplicity, greatly reduced cost per barcode read, faster throughout and added information content.
Rapid and accurate taxonomic classification of insect (class Insecta) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA barcode sequences using a naïve Bayesian classifier
Authors: Porter Teresita M. , Gibson Joel F. , Shokralla Shadi , Baird Donald J. , Golding G. Brian , Hajibabaei Mehrdad 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCurrent methods to identify unknown insect (class Insecta) cytochrome c oxidase (COI barcode) sequences often rely on thresholds of distances that can be difficult to define, sequence similarity cut‐offs, or monophyly. Some of the most commonly used metagenomic classification methods do not provide a measure of confidence for the taxonomic assignments they provide. The aim of this study was to use a naïve Bayesian classifier (Wang et al. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007; 73: 5261) to automate taxonomic assignments for large batches of insect COI sequences such as data obtained from high‐throughput environmental sequencing. This method provides rank‐flexible taxonomic assignments with an associated bootstrap support value, and it is faster than the blast‐based methods commonly used in environmental sequence surveys. We have developed and rigorously tested the performance of three different training sets using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, two field data sets, and targeted testing of Lepidoptera, Diptera and Mantodea sequences obtained from the Barcode of Life Data system. We found that type I error rates, incorrect taxonomic assignments with a high bootstrap support, were already relatively low but could be lowered further by ensuring that all query taxa are actually present in the reference database. Choosing bootstrap support cut‐offs according to query length and summarizing taxonomic assignments to more inclusive ranks can also help to reduce error while retaining the maximum number of assignments. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the taxonomic and geographic representation of insects in public sequence databases that will require further work by taxonomists to improve the quality of assignments generated using any method.
Paediatric celiac patients carrying the HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 and HLA‐DR3‐DQ2 haplotypes display small clinical differences
Authors: Delgado Juan F. , Amengual María J. , Veraguas Ana , Rodríguez Encarnación , de Los Santos Mariela M. , Guallarte María P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the relevance of HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 typing in a prospective cohort of paediatric coeliac disease patients from Southern Europe.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study tested 249 paediatric patients with coeliac disease. HLA‐DR3‐DQ2 was typed in combination with HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 to screen for the HLA‐DQ2 haplotype. The histological, analytical and clinical characteristics of the subjects were recorded.ResultsA total of 91 coeliac patients were diagnosed: 96.7% carried HLA‐DQ2 and 4.4% carried HLA‐DQ8. In percentage terms, 80.2% of patients carried HLA‐DR3‐DQ2 and 34.1% carried HLA‐DR7‐DQ2. We did not find significant differences between HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 and HLA‐DR3‐DQ2 paediatric patients with respect to histological damage and clinical characteristics, except for irritability and weight loss. These characteristics were more frequent in HLA‐DQ2trans than in HLA‐DQ2cis (22.2% vs. 0.0% [p = 0.035] and 55.6% vs. 21.4% [p = 0.017], respectively). Coeliac‐specific autoantibody levels were higher in HLA‐DQ2cis than one half of HLA‐DQ2trans patients (105.5 vs. 19.2 U/mL, p = 0.014).ConclusionSmall clinical differences were found between paediatric coeliac patients carrying HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 and HLA‐DR3‐DQ2. For a correct screening of HLA‐DQ2, at least in our geographical population, the HLA‐DR7‐DQ2 haplotype should be typed due to its frequency and clinical presentation.
Prostate cancers detected on repeat prostate biopsies show spatial distributions that differ from those detected on the initial biopsies
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Hinkelammert Reemt , Abbas Mahmoud , Titze Ulf , Eltze Elke , Bettendorf Olaf , Wötzel Fabian , Bögemann Martin , Semjonow Axel 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the spatial distribution of prostate cancer detected at a single positive biopsy (PBx) and a repeat PBx (rPBx).Patients and MethodsWe evaluated 533 consecutive men diagnosed with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy using a clinical map document based on XML (cMDX©)‐based map model of the prostate. We determined the number of cancer foci, relative tumour volume, Gleason score, zone of origin, localisation, and pathological stage after stratification according to the number of PBx sessions (PBx vs rPBx). The distribution of 3966 prostate cancer foci was analysed and visualised on heat maps. The colour gradient of the heat map was reduced to six colours representing the frequency classification of prostate cancer using an image posterisation effect. Additionally, the spatial distribution of organ‐confined prostate cancer between PBx and rPBx was evaluated.ResultsProstate cancer diagnosed on PBx was mostly localised to the apical portion and the peripheral zone of the prostate. Prostate cancer diagnosed on rPBx was more frequently found in the anterior portion and the base of the prostate. Organ‐confined prostate cancer foci were mostly localised in the dorsolateral zone of the prostate in men at PBx, whereas men at rPBx had more prostate cancer foci in the anterior portion.ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of prostate cancer with rPBx differs significantly from the spatial distribution of prostate cancer with PBx. The whole anterior portion of the prostate should be considered by rPBx.
Discovery of Novel P‐Glycoprotein‐Mediated Multidrug Resistance Inhibitors Bearing Triazole Core via Click Chemistry
Authors: Liu Baomin , Qiu Qianqian , Zhao Tianxiao , Jiao Lei , Hou Jianyu , Li Yunman , Qian Hai , Huang Wenlong 
Published: February 2014

A novel series of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibitors bearing a triazol‐phenethyl‐tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold were designed and synthesized via click chemistry. Most of the synthesized compounds showed higher reversal activity than verapamil (VRP). Among them, the most potent compound 5 showed a comparable activity with the known potent P‐gp inhibitor WK‐X‐34 with lower cytotoxicity (IC50s > 100 μm). Compared with VRP, compound 5 exhibited more potency in increasing drug accumulation in K562/A02 MDR cells. Moreover, compound 5 persisted longer chemo‐sensitizing effect (>24 h) than VRP (<6 h) with reversibility. Given the low intrinsic cytotoxicity and the potent reversal activity, compound 5 may represent a promising candidate for developing P‐gp‐mediated MDR inhibitor.
Post‐adoption reunion sibling relationships: factors facilitating and hindering the development of sensitive relationships following reunion in adulthood
Authors: O'Neill Denise , McAuley Colette , Loughran Hilda 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper explores findings from an exploratory study on sibling relationships following adoption reunion in adulthood. The qualitative data was gathered through in‐depth interviews with 33 adopted adults who were reunited with their birth sibling(s) through an adoption agency in the Republic of Ireland. The findings throw light upon the development of the emotional, often complex, relationships which may emerge when siblings meet for the first time in adult life. Factors influential in facilitating or hindering these post‐reunion relationships are discussed. The important insights are then considered in the context of the wider international literature on adoption, search and reunion.
The effectiveness of a mouth guard to protect against strong occlusion caused by modified electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Ogami Saori , Yamada Morimasa , Kanazawa Mayuko , Takeda Kiyoshi , Kimura Naoaki , Mizutani Hideki , Kohase Hikaru , Fukayama Haruhisa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractModified electroconvulsive therapy (m‐ECT) is a treatment for mental disease such as depressive disorder. Although a muscle relaxant is used during current application, strong occlusion occurs due to the proximity of the electrode to the temporal and masseter muscles. Although a feedback mechanism to avoid excessive occlusion occurs unconsciously, the mechanism does not work under general anesthesia. Strong occlusion may cause complications such as tooth injury, pain of the jaw, lip laceration, and bleeding of the gums. Although there was a report that the insertion of shock‐absorbing materials such as gauze reduces complications, there has been no study on the effectiveness of a mouth guard (MG) for alleviating the occlusal force during m‐ECT. The present study investigated the effectiveness of MG for alleviation of the occlusal force and complications during m‐ECT. An ethyl‐vinyl‐acetate (EVA) MG was used as a shock‐absorbing material to mitigate the strong occlusion during m‐ECT to investigate the influence of MG on the occlusal force and its effectiveness. The results showed that the occlusal force was alleviated by 58 ± 22% on average using MG during m‐ECT. It also helped reduce intra‐oral problems such as pain and bleeding. The results suggest the effectiveness of MG for alleviating the occlusal force during m‐ECT and avoiding complications due to strong occlusion.
Trade‐offs between constitutive and induced defences drive geographical and climatic clines in pine chemical defences
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Mooney Kailen A. , Rasmann Sergio , Petry William K. , Carrillo‐Gavilán Amparo , Zas Rafael , Sampedro Luis 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that geographic and climatic clines drive the patterns of plant defence allocation and defensive strategies. We quantified early growth rate and both constitutive and inducible chemical defences of 18 Pinaceae species in a common greenhouse environment and assessed their defensive allocation with respect to each species' range across climatic gradients spanning 31o latitude and 2300 m elevation. Constitutive defences traded‐off with induced defences, and these defensive strategies were associated with growth rate such that slow‐growing species invested more in constitutive defence, whereas fast‐growing species invested more in inducible defence. The position of each pine species along this trade‐off axis was in turn associated with geography; moving poleward and to higher elevations, growth rate and inducible defences decreased, while constitutive defence increased. These geographic patterns in plant defence were most strongly associated with variation in temperature. Climatic and geographical clines thus act as drivers of defence profiles by mediating the constraints imposed by trade‐offs, and this dynamic underlays global patterns of defence allocation.
Improved test method and analytical modelling for fatigue crack growth in coarse‐grain titanium alloy with rough fatigue surfaces
Authors: Walker K. F. , Newman J. C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTFatigue crack growth rate properties are typically determined by experimental methods in accordance with ASTM Standard E647. These traditional methods use standard notched specimens that are precracked under cyclic tensile loads before the main test. The data that are produced using this approach have been demonstrated elsewhere to be potentially adversely affected by the test method, particularly in the threshold region where load reduction (LR) methods are also required. Coarse‐grained materials that exhibit rough and tortuous fatigue surfaces have been observed to be strongly affected by the tensile precracking and LR, in part because the anomalies caused by crack closure and roughness‐induced closure become more important. The focus of the work reported in this paper was to further develop methods to determine more accurate fatigue crack growth rate properties from threshold through to fracture for coarse‐grained, β‐annealed, titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V extra low interstitial thick plate material. A particular emphasis was put upon the threshold and near threshold region, which is of strong importance in the overall fatigue life of components. New approaches that differ from the ASTM Standard included compression precracking, LR starting from a lower load level and continuing the test beyond rates where crack growth would otherwise be considered below threshold. For the threshold regime, two LR methods were also investigated: the ASTM method and a method where the load is reduced with crack growth such that the crack mouth opening displacement is held constant, in an attempt to avoid remote closure. Constant amplitude fatigue crack growth rate data were produced from threshold to fracture for the titanium alloy at a variety of stress ratios. Spike overload tests were also conducted These data were then used to develop an improved analytical model to predict crack growth under spectrum loading and the predictions were found to correlate well with test results.
A crack propagation criterion based on ΔCTOD measured with 2D‐digital image correlation technique
Authors: Ktari A. , Baccar M. , Shah M. , Haddar N. , Ayedi H. F. , Rezai‐Aria F. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe fatigue cracks growth rate of a forged HSLA steel (AISI 4130) was investigated using thin single edge notch tensile specimen to simulate the crack development on a diesel train crankshafts. The effect of load ratio, R, was investigated at room temperature. Fatigue fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. An approach based on the crack tip opening displacement range (ΔCTOD) was proposed as fatigue crack propagation criterion. ΔCTOD measurements were carried out using 2D‐digital image correlation techniques. J‐integral values were estimated using ΔCTOD. Under test conditions investigated, it was found that the use of ΔCTOD as a fatigue crack growth driving force parameter is relevant and could describe the crack propagation behaviour, under different load ratio R.
Structure, Electrical, and Optical Properties of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–1.5at.%Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 Lead‐free Single Crystal Grown by a TSSG Technique
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Haiwu , Zhao Xiangyong , Deng Hao , Li Long , Ren Bo , Lin Di , Li Xiaobing , Luo Haosu , Chen Zhen , Su Jun 
Published: February 2014

Lead‐free single crystal (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–1.5 at.%Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 (NBT–1.5BZT) with dimension of Φ35 mm × 12 mm was successfully grown by a top‐seeded solution growth technique. The average and local structure were studied by a combination of X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The electric and optical properties of <001>‐oriented single crystals were investigated systematically. Compared with pure NBT, the piezoelectric constant and transmission coefficient were both enhanced, that is, from 62 pC/N and ~60% to 121 pC/N and ~70%, respectively. Furthermore, domain structure observation suggested that the <110>‐oriented tetragonal ferroelastic domains in NBT were suppressed at room temperature with addition of BZT, which was responsible for the improved piezoelectric and optical properties of NBT–1.5BZT single crystal.