bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcallosal white matter and cortical gray matter variations in autistic adults ages 30-73 years: A bi-tensor free water imaging approach
Authors: Shin Young Seon , Christensen Danielle , Wang Jingying , Shirley Desirae J. , Orlando Ann-Marie , Romero Regilda A. , Wilkes Bradley J. , Vaillancourt David E. , Coombes Stephen , Wang Zheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has long been recognized as a lifelong condition, but brain aging studies in autistic adults aged >30 years are limited. Free water, a novel brain imaging marker derived from diffusion MRI (dMRI), has shown promise in differentiating typical and pathological aging and monitoring brain degeneration. We aimed to examine free water and free water corrected dMRI measures to assess white and gray matter microstructure and their associations with age in autistic adults.
Methods: Forty-three autistic adults ages 30-73 years and 43 age, sex, and IQ matched neurotypical controls participated in this cross-sectional study. We quantified fractional anisotropy (FA), free water, and free water-corrected FA (fwcFA) across 32 transcallosal white matter tracts and 94 gray matter areas in autistic adults and neurotypical controls. Follow-up analyses assessed age effect on dMRI metrics of the whole brain for both groups and the relationship between dMRI metrics and clinical measures of ASD in regions that significantly differentiated autistic adults from controls.
Results: We found globally elevated free water in 24 transcallosal tracts in autistic adults. We identified negligible differences in dMRI metrics in gray matter between the two groups. Age-associated FA reductions and free water increases were featured in neurotypical controls; however, this brain aging profile was largely absent in autistic adults. Additionally, greater autism quotient (AQ) total raw score was associated with increased free water in the inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis and lateral orbital gyrus in autistic adults.
Limitations: All autistic adults were cognitively capable individuals, minimizing the generalizability of the research findings across the spectrum. This study also involved a cross-sectional design, which limited inferences about the longitudinal microstructural changes of white and gray matter in ASD.
Conclusions: We identified differential microstructural configurations between white and gray matter in autistic adults and that autistic individuals present more heterogeneous brain aging profiles compared to controls. Our clinical correlation analysis offered new evidence that elevated free water in some localized white matter tracts may critically contribute to autistic traits in ASD. Our findings underscored the importance of quantifying free water in dMRI studies of ASD.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions on the Importance of Indigenoius Knowledge for Crop Productivity in the East Showa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Workineh , Chagwiza C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This article aimed to assess the perceived importance of indigenous knowledge (IK) for crop productivity among smallholder farmers in the districts of the East Showa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. A mixed research design involving both qualitative and quantitative data was used for the article. A sample of 125 smallholder farmers was selected using a simple random sampling technique in which the lottery method was used. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and an econometric model (ordered probit model) were used for analyzing the quantitative data. The qualitative data gathered through open-ended questions were organized, interpreted and analyzed in the form of theme descriptions. The results revealed that indigenous agricultural knowledge plays an important role in boosting crop production, but its potential is limited by inadequate literacy, poor extension support and modernization, among other factors. The model results indicated that respondent age, household size, farming experience, annual income, IK training and extension contact significantly influenced the perceived attributes of IK practices. This suggests that respondents’ personal, socioeconomic and psychological variables are among the major factors determining the perceived importance of IK for crop productivity. It is recommended that extension workers work very closely with smallholder farmers and incorporate IK practices in their extension duties, and efforts should also be made to strengthen adult literacy and diversify income sources in the studied communities.
Case Report
“Laparoscopic Management of Strangulated Left-sided Amyand’s Hernia in a Child: A Case Report”
Authors: Madany Mohie El-Din Mostafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background/Aims Amyand’s hernia is a rare condition where the appendix is found within the sac of an inguinal hernia, and it can either be inflamed/perforated or non-inflamed in an irreducible hernia. Left-sided AH is less common than right-sided, and its management is challenging, especially in the pediatric age group.Case Presentation We present a case of an 18-month-old male child with a history of left groin hernia since birth, who presented with a sudden increase in the size of the hernia, associated with vomiting and tenderness. A laparoscopic exploration revealed entrapped loops of the intestine in the left internal ring, which was successfully reduced without any injury or complication. The contents of the hernia included the terminal ileum, the ileocecal junction, the caecum, and the appendix, which were all viable. The internal ring was repaired using prolene sutures, and the peritoneum was closed using vicryl sutures. The child had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on the same day of surgery.Conclusions This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical management in pediatric patients with AH to prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes. Also, laparoscopic reduction and repair of an incarcerated left-sided AH is a safe and effective procedure in pediatric patients. Laparoscopic management offers several advantages over open techniques and is a suitable alternative.
The Effect of Exchange Rate On the Performance of Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Ayodeji Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This work examines the effect of exchange rate on the performance of manufacturing sector. Yearly data were used from 1996 to 2020. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was used to analyze the data, and the yearly data were sourced from Word Development indicator (WDI) and Nigeria Bureau of Statistics. This research work considers exchange rate and some selected product classification to account for the rate of performance of manufacturing sector. Based on ARDL approach, test was carried out on each dependent variable and the independent variable to check the long and short run regression findings for the coefficient of the lagged values of the dependent and independent variables. Some diagnostic test like the serial correlation test, heteroskedasticity test, and stability test were also carried out on the variables. From the results obtained, export values of clothing and textiles was negatively statistically significant, import inputs of food and beverages was also negatively statistically significant, total manufacturing output was negatively statistically significant, while value added of medium and high-tech products was positively significant in explaining manufacturing performance. This means that exchange rate has both negative and positive effect on manufacturing performance.
Road Accidents and Safety Statistics
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru 
Published: August 2024

The section provides a comprehensive overview of road accidents and safety
statistics in Kenya, emphasizing the concerning rise in fatalities and injuries in recent
years. It underscores the significant challenge posed by the lack of accurate data on
road traffic accidents (RTAs), hindering the formulation of effective solutions.
Moreover, it highlights the inadequate disaster preparedness in the country, particularly
concerning RTAs, and identifies deficiencies in policy and road monitoring strategies
as contributing factors to a culture of reckless driving. Key recommendations proposed
include the development of robust safety infrastructure, utilizing modern technology,
refining traffic laws and enforcement measures, and enhancing emergency response
and medical care capabilities. These recommendations collectively aim to address the
escalating risks associated with road accidents and foster a safer transportation
environment in Kenya.
"Transportation is the Centre of the World! It is the Glue of our Daily Lives. When it
Goes Well, we Don’t See it. When it Goes Wrong, it Negatively Colours our Day,
Makes us Angry and Impotent, Curtails our Possibilities.: — Robin Chase
Policing (Law Enforcement) and Policies on Kenyan Roads
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru 
Published: August 2024

This chapter delves into the landscape of Kenyan policies and policing
activities concerning road safety, with a particular focus on the inadequacies of the
Traffic Act, road monitoring strategies, and dynamics of police-public trust. It
highlights the impediments to enforcing traffic laws (chief of which is corruption),
including ineffective monitoring strategies and prevalent criminal activities targeting
road users. Recommendations proposed involve strengthening traffic law enforcement
through resource prioritization and technological integration, enhancing collaboration
among agencies, fostering public engagement and education, and addressing criminal
activities. Through these strategies, the chapter aims to address the identified
shortcomings and promote safer roads in Kenya. "Technology is rapidly changing our transportation systems, and if we craft smart
regulations, these changes can be for the better." -- London Breed
BUSINESS ETHICS IN INDIA AND ABROAD: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: L.P. Singh  
Published: August 2024

Recent Years have witnessed a sea change in the very approach to corporate governance. Modern corporate governors do not view 'maximisation of shareholders' value' as the sole mission of corporate management. Safeguarding and protecting the interests of the crosssections of the society has come to occupy the 'central stage' of corporate planning today. This 'new-found corporate philosophy' is popularly referred to as Business Ethics in managementjargon. Of late, the coverage and scope of business ethics have started expanding by leaps and bounds. Corporate practices the world over amply bear out today that the contours of business ethics are no longer confined to an abstract do's and don'ts for business but represent a set of fundamental beliefs about the same. Observance of corporate ethics has become a global phenomenon with the US emerging as world leader. Other (developed) countries, however, donot lag far behind. Modest attempts have also been made in our country. We do have a host of socially responsible corporates: Tata group of industries providing the beacon light. Yet, we have a long way to go, particularly from the viewpoint of protecting the interests of the consumers, who are badly unorganised even today.
Public Involvement and Engagement in Big Data Research: Scoping Review
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Jones Elisa , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa , Rodgers Sarah E , Frith Lucy 
Published: August 2024

Background
The success of big data initiatives depends on public support. Public involvement and engagement could be a way of establishing public support for big data research.

Objective
This review aims to synthesize the evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research.

Methods
This scoping review mapped the current evidence on public involvement and engagement activities in big data research. We searched 5 electronic databases, followed by additional manual searches of Google Scholar and gray literature. In total, 2 public contributors were involved at all stages of the review.

Results
A total of 53 papers were included in the scoping review. The review showed the ways in which the public could be involved and engaged in big data research. The papers discussed a broad range of involvement activities, who could be involved or engaged, and the importance of the context in which public involvement and engagement occur. The findings show how public involvement, engagement, and consultation could be delivered in big data research. Furthermore, the review provides examples of potential outcomes that were produced by involving and engaging the public in big data research.

Conclusions
This review provides an overview of the current evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. While the evidence is mostly derived from discussion papers, it is still valuable in illustrating how public involvement and engagement in big data research can be implemented and what outcomes they may yield. Further research and evaluation of public involvement and engagement in big data research are needed to better understand how to effectively involve and engage the public in big data research.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050167
Analisis pelaksanaan asesmen portofolio di kelas V sekolah dasar
Authors: Apriliani Nisa Apriliani , Ghullam Hamdu  , Agnestasia Ramadhani Putri  
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research is to reveal and describe the implementation of portfolio assessments carried out by teachers in the learning process. Based on the literature review, this research is motivated by the suboptimal implementation of portfolio assessment. This study was conducted at SD Negeri Indihiang, with VC class teachers as participants. The study utilized a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected using interview guidelines and documentation. The study’s findings revealed several steps in compiling portfolio assessments that were not carried out: (1) the teachers did not hold regular meetings to reflect on student performance results. This is due to the teacher's difficulties in managing time to meet the demands of learning objectives; (2) the teachers did not provide continuous feedback on student work, as there was no because selection process based on criteria; and (3) during the assessment stage, the teacher still does not use the scoring rubric, thereby unable to enforce the assessment criteria on performance results. This is due to the teachers inability to develop an assessment rubric.
Penggunaan model make a match berbantuan media pembelajaran flashcard untuk mengatasi kesulitan membaca permulaan pada siswa kelas 1 di sekolah dasar
Authors: Alvani Erta , Muharam Agus , Fajrussalam Hisny 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Dalam kemampuan membaca siswa harus menguasai dua kemampuan tersebut yaitu, membaca nyaring dan membaca dalam hati. Salah satu kemampuan yang harus dikuasai dalam membaca adalah kemampuan membaca permulaa. Berdasarkan hasil data yang didapatkan sebelum dilakukan penelitian yang diperoleh dari guru dan siswa kelas I UPTD SDN 8 Nagrikaler, bahwa kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa tergolong rendah. Maka peneliti mencoba menggunakan model make a match berbantuan media pembelajaran flashcard dengan tujuan untuk dapat meningkatkan kesulitan membaca permulaan pada siswa kelas I. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan desain penelitian Kurt Lewin melalui 2 siklus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di UPTD SDN 8 Nagrikaler dengan subjek penelitian 26 siswa. Terdapat peningkatan pada kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siswa setelah diterapkannya model make a match berbantuan media pembelajaran flashcard. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Rata-rata hasil belajar kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siklus I diperoleh 70% dan siswa masih ada yang belum memperoleh nilai tuntas KKM. Siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 92% dengan jumlah siswa tuntas sebanyak 24 siswa. Dengan demikian penggunaan model make a match berbantuan media pembelajaran flashacrd dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siswa kelas I Sekolah Dasar.

Kata Kunci: Make a Macth, Membaca Permulaan, Flashcard
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Authors: Abunawas Kamaluddin 
Published: August 2024

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Tathbiq wasilah strip story li tahsini maharah al-kalam li thalibaat as-shaf al-asyir
Authors: Fajriani Madina , Rukman AR Said  , Mubasyyirah Bakri  
Published: August 2024

This research aims to Determine how the implementation of strip story media can improve Arabic speaking skills among tenth-grade female students at MA Bajo.and Understand the improvement in speaking skills through strip story media in Arabic learning among tenth-grade female students at MA Bajo. This type of research is classroom action research. The data collection methods are action observation, field notes, test sheets, and documentation. The results of this research are: (1)The classroom action research conducted by the researcher concluded that the improvement in Arabic speaking skills of the tenth-grade students at the Modern Babussa’adah Islamic Boarding School in Bajo can be achieved through the implementation of strip story media.(2) The percentage increase in the first cycle shows that out of 10 students, 8 students completed with a percentage of 80%, while 2 students did not complete with a percentage of 20%. In the second cycle, all students completed, totaling 10 students with a percentage of 100%. From the first cycle to the second cycle, there was an increase in learning outcomes by 20%. Thus, in the second cycle, the learning outcomes are considered complete.

ملخص البحث

أهداف البحث هي (1) معرفة كيف تطبيق وسيلة Strip Story لتحسين مهارة الكلام لطالبات الصف العاشر بمعهد باب السعادة الحديث باجو لووو. (2) معرفة كيف تحسين مهارة الكلام من خلال وسيلة Strip Story في تعليم اللغة العربية لطالبات الصف العاشر بمعهد باب السعادة الحديث باجو لووو. نوع البحث المستخدم هو البحث الإجرائي أساليب جمع البيانات هي مراقبة العمل وملاحظة ميدانية وورقة الاختبار متوثيق. نتائج البحث هي (1) نسبة الزيادة في الدورة الأولى يمكن ملاحظة أن من بين 10 طالبات،8 طالبات أكملن النسبة (٪80)، في حين أن طالبتان لم يكمل النسبة (٪20). وفي الوقت نفسه، في الدورة الثانية، أكمل جميع العاشرة الطالبات النسبة المئوية (۱۰۰٪). ومن الدورة الأولى إلى الدورة الثانية حدثت زيادة في نتائج التعليم بنسبة (٪20). وهكذا، في الدورة الثانية يقال أن نتائج التعليم قد اكتملت.
Novel synthesis of known carcinogen precursors
Authors: Viktor Milata , Pavilek Branislav , Bortňák Dušan , Svítková Zuzana , Halinkovičová Michaela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
5-Amino-1-methylbenzimidazole (2) prepared from 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in four steps is a suitable reagent for nucleophilic vinylic substitution with various enolethers (3) thus affording N-substituted enaminoesters — aminoethylene derivatives (4). Their thermal cyclocondensation reaction under the Gould-Jacobs protocol gives regioselectively angularly annelated 8-substituted imidazo[4,5-f]quinolones (5), whose mechanism of origin has been attempted. The obtained results give suitable structures for the synthesis of food-borne carcinogen IQ (1).
Evaluating the Adaptability of Large Language Models for Knowledge-aware Question and Answering
Authors: Thakkar Jay , Kolekar Suresh , Gite Shilpa , Pradhan Biswajeet , Alamri Abdullah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have transformed open-domain abstractive summarization, delivering coherent and precise summaries. However, their adaptability to user knowledge levels is largely unexplored. This study investigates LLMs’ efficacy in tailoring summaries to user familiarity. We assess various LLM architectures across different familiarity settings using metrics like linguistic complexity and reading grade levels. Findings expose current capabilities and constraints in knowledge-aware summarization, paving the way for personalized systems. We analyze LLM performance across three familiarity levels: none, basic awareness, and complete familiarity. Utilizing established readability metrics, we gauge summary complexity. Results indicate LLMs can adjust summaries to some extent based on user familiarity. Yet, challenges persist in accurately assessing user knowledge and crafting informative, comprehensible summaries. We highlight areas for enhancement, including improved user knowledge modeling and domain-specific integration. This research informs the advancement of adaptive summarization systems, offering insights for future development.
Analysis of the development of sugar beet production in the Central Federal District in 2011–2022
Authors: Попова Е.А. , Зайцева Е.А. , Полунина Н.Ю. 
Published: August 2024

Проведена оценка свеклосахарной отрасли ЦФО в 2011–2022 гг. Обозначены доли регионов в производстве сахарной свеклы в ЦФО и РФ и выделены регионы-лидеры. Выявлено, что Воронежская, Курская, Липецкая, Тамбовская, Белгородская, Орловская области сохранили лидерские позиции и входят в топ-10 производителей сахарной свеклы России. Представлена карта позиционирования свеклосахарного производства в ЦФО и разработаны направления его развития.
The assessment of the sugar beet industry of the Central Federal District was carried out. The shares of regions in sugar beet production in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation are indicated and the leading regions are highlighted. It was revealed that the Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Oryol regions retained their leadership positions and are among the top 10 sugar beet producers in Russia. A map of the positioning of sugar beet production in the Central Federal District is presented and directions for its development are developed.