bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam Reforming Reactions of Methanol Over Nickel and Copper Catalysts
Authors: Su Tien‐Bau , Rei Min‐Hon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSteam‐reforming reactions of methanol over NiO/Al2O3 and CuO/ZnO have been investigated. Over the nickel catalyst, the reaction rate is of zero kinetic order with respect to either methanol or steam, and the activation energy is 12.4 kJmol−1, whereas with copper catalyst, the rate is expressed according to the literature as kPa/(1 + KaPa + Kb+Pb) in which “a” and “b” are methanol and steam, respectively. The rate‐controlling step of the reaction is assigned to the dissociation of O‐H bond with dehydrogenation of C‐H bond proceed rapidly to form carbon oxides. With copper catalyst the intrinsic participation of a water molecule during the dehydrogenation of C‐H bond leads to the formation of carbon dioxide. With nickel catalyst, the dehydrogenation proceed more rapidly than the migration of a water molecule from an alumina site to a nickel site and causes almost exclusively the formation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a lower reaction temperature.
Molecular Structures and Magnetic Properties of Strongly Antiferromagnetically Coupled Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes [CU2 REP(μ‐X)(Y)2]
Authors: Chyn Jong‐Pyng , Shieh Kuan‐Jiunn , Chou Jeh‐Li , Wang Yu , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chen Cheu‐Pyeng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe molecular structures of binuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu2REP(μ‐OH)(ClO4)2] (4) and [Cu2REP(μ‐Cl)Cl2] (5), in which REP = deprotonated 2,6‐bis(1′‐(4′‐(2″‐pyridyl)‐2′‐thiabutyl))‐4‐methylphenol, have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The former crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pl̄ with a = 10.156(3), b = 12.631(3), c = 25.128(10) Å, α = 92.03(3), β = 96.84(3), γ = 108.02(2),° and Z − 2. Complex 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 12.166(2), b = 11.825(2), c = 18.240(4) Å, β = 100.97(2)°, and Z =4. All copper ions are pentacoordinated with ligation to a sulfur, a nitrogen, and the bridging phenolato oxygen of the REP ligand, the exogenous bridge, and a counteranion. The coordination geometry of each copper of the binuclear copper sites is square pyramidal in both 4 and 5. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 6–300 K reveal a strong antiferromagnetic spin exchange in 5 (exchange integral 2J = −460 cm−1). A diamagnetic behavior is observed for 4 according to a similar cryomagnetic investigation. The diamagnetism of 4 is further confirmed by measurements of magnetic susceptibility through Evan's method at room temperature. Complex 4 has no EPR signal. The powder EPR spectrum of 5 shows the typical triplet state characteristics with Δm = ±1 transitions at g = 2.15 and a weaker Δm = 2 transition at half field with g = 4.24.
Superconductivity and the Anomalous Meissner Effect in La3CaBa3Cu7O15,5 + x Oxide
Authors: Wang Chi‐Ming , Yang Yu‐Fu , Kao Huey‐Chucn I. , Wci Wen‐Cheng J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA superconducting oxide with a stoichiometry La3CaBa3Cu7O15.5+x, in which x = 0.75, was prepared. It had a tetragonal triple‐perovskite structure with lattice parameters a = 3.879 Å and c = 11.637 Å. According to resistivity measurements, a sharp superconducting transition, ΔTc(10‐90%) = 1.5 K, and Tc(zero) = 80 K were observed. When it was measured at a small magnetic field (10‐20 gauss) with field cooling, the sintered pellet showed a positive magnetic susceptibility, but the powdered sample exhibited (he diamagnetism of a typical superconductor. However, no peculiar shielding effect was found in both the sintered and powdered samples.
The Reaction of 3‐Arylsydnone‐4‐Carbohydroximic Acid Chlorides with Active Methylene Compounds (II)
Authors: Shin Mei‐Hsiu , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the presence of triethylamine, 3‐arylsydnone‐4‐carbohydroximic acid chlorides react not only with active methylene compounds containing keto groups to give 3‐aryl‐4‐(4′,5′‐disubstituted‐isoxazol‐3′‐yl)sydnones, but also with compounds containing cyano groups to produce 3‐aryl‐4‐(4′‐substituted‐5′‐aminoisoxazol‐3′‐yl)sydnones or 3‐aryl‐4‐(4′‐cyano‐5′‐substituted‐isoxazol‐3′‐yl)sydnones.
Nucleosides: Synthesis of Some New Naphthimidazole Ribonucleosides as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Abdelal Ali M. , El‐Emam Ali A. , Moustafa M. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReaction of 2‐trifluoromethyl‐ or 2‐cyanonaphth[2,3‐d] imidazole (1 or 2) with 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐ benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose (3), using the triflate or fusion method afforded 2‐trifluoromethyl‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O‐benzoyl‐α‐D‐ or ‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)naphth[2,3‐d]imidazole (4 or 6) and 2‐cyano‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐α‐D‐ or β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)naphth[2,3,‐d] imidazole (5 or 7), respectively. The products 4 and 5 or 6 and 7 were separated by chromatography on silica gel. Treatment of the blocked nucleosides 4‐7 with methanolic NH3 at 0 °C furnished the deblocked nucleosides 8‐11 respectively. Treatment of 10 with 5% NH3 (aq) at 60 °C gave 11. Structural elucidation is based on elemental analysis, UV, FAB‐MS and 1H NMR spectra. Compounds 4‐11 were subjected to antibacteial testing. Compounds 5, 7 and 10 have significant activity against Staphylococous aureus (gram positive) and Esherichia coli (gram negative) bacteria, whereas the other tested compounds showed no significant activity.
Benzoylformyl Complexes of Iron and Molybdenum
Authors: Yeh Yu‐Sung , Chen Jwu‐Ting , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBenzoylformyl complexes CpMo(COCOPh)(CO)3 (1) and CpFe(COCOPh)(CO)2 (2) were prepared by the reactions of [CpMo(CO)3]− and [CpFe(CO)2]− ions with PhCOCOCl, respectively. The single‐crystal structure of complex 1 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction with crystal data: P21/c, a = 6.674 (3) Å, b = 13.301 (4) Å, c= 16.903(6) Å, β = 90.82 (5)°,V = 1500(1) Å3, Z = 4. Least‐squares refinement on 894 reflections with I ≥ 2.0 σ(I) led to R = 0.041, RW = 0.042. Complex 1 contains a near perpendicular s‐trans oxalyl moiety in the benzoylformyl ligand with the torsional angle O4‐C4‐C5‐O5 being 104 (1)°. The iron complex suffers spontaneous decarbonylation at 25 °C to yield CpFe(COPh)(CO)2.
A Diepoxide Belonging to the Rare C1 Point Group
Authors: Graham Ron J. , Paquette Leo A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract2,6‐ and 2,7‐Dimethylanthracenes were reduced seriatim with lithium in liquid ammonia and lithium in methylamine to their 1,4,5,8,9,10‐hexahydro derivatives. Two‐fold epoxidation of these tetraenes provided the cis and trans diepoxides resulting from electrophilic attack at the inner double bonds. Trans diepoxide 1 has the very unusual characteristic of lacking a σ plane of symmetry but possessing an inversion center. As a consequence, the 1H NMR spectrum of C1‐symmetric 1 is simplified relative to those of its isomers 5, 9, and 10.
Deposition of Silicon Carbide Thin Films from 1,1‐Dimethyl‐1‐Silacyclobutane
Authors: Chiu Hsin‐Tien , Lee Shu‐Fen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract1,1‐Dimethyl‐1‐silacyclobutane was used as a single‐source precursor to deposit SiC thin films on Si(100) and Si(111) by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Polycrystalline β‐SiC thin films were grown at temperatures 1100 and 1200°C. At temperatures between 950 and 1100°C, amorphous thin films of silicon carbide were obtained. The films were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and electron diffraction (ED).
SVD Analysis in Fitting Property Surfaces
Authors: Wang Feng , Searles Debra J. , Von Nagy‐Felsobuki Ellak I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrevious calculated spectral properties of Li3+associated with the [6,7] vibrational band origins were rendered as uncertain, due to the exclusion of cross‐terms involving the breathe mode normal co‐ordinate in the analytic expansion of the dipole moment surface. However, by applying a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis the exclusion of these terms is shown to be appropriate with respect to their negligible effect on fit (via the square root of the sum of the square of the residuals) thereby validating previous prognosis.
Constituents of Perltrophe Japonica (Thunb.) Bremk
Authors: Wang Chao‐Chiun , Kuoh Chang‐Sheng , Wu Tian‐Shung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA naturally occurring derivatives of pyridine, 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxamide (1), lupeol (2), a steroidal mixture [stigmasterol (3a) and β‐sitosterol (3b)], steroidal glycosides [stigmasteryl‐glucoside (4a) and β‐sitosteryl glucoside (4b)] and allantoin (5) were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Peritrophe japonica. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis.
Reactions of RSe− (R = Me, Ph) Groups in [RSeFe(CO)4I and [RSeCr(CO)5−]
Authors: Liaw Wen‐Feng , Liu Chen‐Ju , Lai Chia‐Huei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe anionic [MeSeFe(CO)4] and [MeSeCr(CO)5] complexes were synthesized by reaction of [PPN][HFe(CO)4] and [PPN][HCr(CO)5] with MeSeSeMe respectively via nucleophilic cleavage of the Se‐Se bond. The ease of cleavage of the Se‐Se bond follows the nucleophilic strength of metal‐hydride complexes. Methylation of [RSeCr(CO)5−] by the soft alkylating agent MeI resulted in the formation of neutral (MeSeMe)Cr(CO)5 in THF at 0°C. In contrast, the [ICr(CO)5−] was isolated at ambient temperature. Reaction of [MeSeFe(CO)4−] or [MeSeCr(CO)5−] with HBF4 yielded (CO)3Fc(μ‐SeMe)2Fe(CO)3 dimer and anionic [(CO)5Cr(μ‐SeMe)Cr(CO)5−] respectively, and no neutral (HSeMe)Fe(CO)4 and (HSeMe)Cr(CO)5 were detected spectrally (IR) even at low temperature. Reaction of NOBF4 or [Ph3C][BF4] and [MeSeCr(CO)5−] resulted in the neutral monodentate (MeSeSeMe)Cr(CO)5 complex. Addition of 1 equiv CpFe(CO)2I to 2 equiv [MeSeCr(CO)5−] gave CpFe(CO)2(SeMe) and the anionic [(CO)5Cr(μ‐SeMe)Cr(CO)5−] in THF at ambient temperature.
Transition‐Matrix Elements of Chemical Processes
Authors: Chu San‐Yan , Lee Tieh‐Sheng , Lec Shyi‐Long 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe attempted to establish a qualitative classification of reactivities for various reactions by examining the nature of the corresponding transition matrix elements. We extended the idea to charge localization behavior in some highly polarizable systems and nature of bonding in hypervalent molecules.
Evaluation of CYP3A‐mediated drug–drug interactions with romidepsin in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Laille Eric , Patel Manish , Jones Suzanne F. , Burris Howard A. , Infante Jeffrey , Lemech Charlotte , Liu Liangang , Arkenau Hendrik‐Tobias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo multicenter, single‐arm, single‐infusion, open‐label studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of ketoconazole (a strong CYP3A inhibitor) or rifampin (a strong CYP3A inducer) daily for 5 days on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of romidepsin (8 mg/m2 intravenous 4‐hour infusion for the ketoconazole study or a 14 mg/m2 intravenous 4‐hour infusion for the rifampin study) in patients with advanced cancer. Romidepsin coadministered with ketoconazole (400 mg) or rifampin (600 mg) was not bioequivalent to romidepsin alone. With ketoconazole, the mean romidepsin AUC and Cmax were increased by approximately 25% and 10%, respectively. With rifampin, the mean romidepsin AUC and Cmax were unexpectedly increased by approximately 80% and 60%, respectively; this is likely because of inhibition of active liver uptake. For both studies, romidepsin clearance and volume of distribution were decreased, terminal half‐life was comparable, and median Tmax was similar. Overall, the safety profile of romidepsin was not altered by coadministration with ketoconazole or rifampin, except that a higher incidence and greater severity of thrombocytopenia was observed when romidepsin was given with rifampin. The use of romidepsin with rifampin and strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided. Toxicity related to romidepsin exposure should be monitored when romidepsin is given with strong CYP3A inhibitors.
110 years of temperature observations at Orcadas Antarctic Station: multidecadal variability
Authors: Zitto Miguel E. , Barrucand Mariana G. , Piotrkowski Rosa , Canziani Pablo O. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence of significant changes in components of the Antarctic climate system, an important issue given the influence Antarctica has on global climate. It is important to infer to what extent these regional changes could be attributed to human‐induced processes and to what extent to natural variability. Standard methods such as linear trend estimates or piecewise linear trends can be inadequate because they may result in erratic, non‐systematic results, particularly if different scales of variability are present in each record and various records are to be compared. The Orcadas Antarctic Station (Argentina), with daily surface meteorological observations since April 1903, provides Antarctica's longest observational record. This study analyses the Orcadas seasonal surface temperature variability. Multidecadal variability and short‐term trends are studied to provide an improved assessment of climate evolution and necessary information for the determination of mechanisms driving regional/local change. A combined method using wavelet transform (WT), non‐linear statistical model approaches and derivative of fits is developed. This methodology is also applied for validation and comparison to the Gomez ice core oxygen isotope record for the 1857–2006 and 1903–2006 time intervals. Significant quasi 50‐year and quasi 20‐year variability bands were obtained, both for the quarterly and seasonal Orcadas temperature records, with warming (cooling) periods detected between 1903–1912, 1927–1961 and 1972–2004 (1912–1927 and 1962–1972). If seasons are considered, the only one with a fairly sustained warming is summer, where actual cooling is observed only at the beginning, prior to the early 1930s. Quasi 50‐year variability was also detected in the Gomez record. Long periods are obtained in the model fits, longer than the time series, which varied with window length. Although not representing variability cycles, they could represent the best fit of the non‐linear, non oscillating asymptotic stationary component of the series, i.e. a non‐linear trend.
A Model of Creativity in Organizations: John Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice (1973) at Multiple Levels of Analysis
Authors: Sharif Rukhsar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis conceptual paper serves to create a model of creativity and innovation at different organizational levels. It draws on John Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice (1973) as the basis for its structure by incorporating the six different personality types from his theory: conventional, enterprising, realistic, social, investigative, and artistic, as working together with each other within and between teams in organizations. The model begins with opposite personalities working together in two‐person groups to generate creative ideas and then expands to all six personalities working together as one team to implement innovative products and services. It is the underlying contrast of personalities in Holland's (1973) theory, where each personality contributes diverse ideas and skills, that when combined, produce new products and services that are financially beneficial, useful, and enhancing of well‐being for organizations and society.
Rapid and non‐destructive determination of rancidity levels in butter cookies by multi‐spectral imaging
Authors: Xia Qing , Liu Changhong , Liu Jinxia , Pan Wenjuan , Lu Xuzhong , Yang Jianbo , Chen Wei , Zheng Lei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRancidity is an important attribute for quality assessment of butter cookies, while traditional methods for rancidity measurement are usually laborious, destructive and prone to operational error. In the present paper, the potential of applying multi‐spectral imaging (MSI) technology with 19 wavelengths in the range of 405–970 nm to evaluate the rancidity in butter cookies was investigated.RESULTSMoisture content, acid value and peroxide value were determined by traditional methods and then related with the spectral information by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN). The optimal models for predicting moisture content, acid value and peroxide value were obtained by PLSR. The correlation coefficient (r) obtained by PLSR models revealed that MSI had a perfect ability to predict moisture content (r = 0.909), acid value (r = 0.944) and peroxide value (r = 0.971).CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrated that the rancidity level of butter cookies can be continuously monitored and evaluated in real‐time by the multi‐spectral imaging, which is of great significance for developing online food safety monitoring solutions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Land Use and Precipitation Affect Organic and Microbial Carbon Stocks and the Specific Metabolic Quotient in Soils of Eleven Ecosystems of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Pabst Holger , Gerschlauer Friederike , Kiese Ralf , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTropical ecosystems are under increasing pressure of land‐use changes, strongly affecting the carbon cycle. Conversion from natural to agri‐cultural ecosystems is often accompanied by a decrease in the stocks of organic and microbial carbon (Corg, Cmic) as well as changes in microbial activity and litter decomposition. Eleven ecosystems along an elevation gradient on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro were used to investigate impacts of land‐use changes on Corg and Cmic stocks as well as the specific metabolic respiration quotient (qsCO2) in surface soils. Six natural, two semi‐natural and three intensively used agricultural ecosystems were investigated on an elevation gradient from 950 to 3,880 m asl. To estimate the effects of precipitation, rainfall regimes of 3·6 and 20·0 mm were simulated. Corg stocks were controlled by water availability, temperature and net primary production. Agricultural management resulted in decreases of Corg and Cmic stocks by 38% and 76%, respectively. In addition, agricultural systems were characterized by low Cmic:Corg ratios, indicating a decline in available substrate. Enhanced land‐use intensity leads to increased qsCO2 (agricultural > semi‐natural > natural). The traditional homegardens stood out as a sustainable land‐use form with high substrate availability and microbial efficiency. Soil CO2 efflux and qsCO2 generally increased with precipitation level. We conclude that soils of Mt. Kilimanjaro's ecosystems are highly sensitive to land‐use changes and are vulnerable to changes in precipitation, especially at low elevations. Even though qsCO2 was measured under different water contents, it can be used as an indicator of ecosystem disturbances caused by land‐use and management practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoperative, real‐time monitoring of blood flow dynamics associated with laser surgery of port wine stain birthmarks
Authors: Yang Bruce , Yang Owen , Guzman John , Nguyen Paul , Crouzet Christian , Osann Kathryn E. , Kelly Kristen M. , Nelson J. Stuart , Choi Bernard 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectivePort‐wine stain (PWS) birthmarks affect ∼22 million people worldwide. After several treatment sessions, complete disappearance of the PWS occurs in only ∼10% of treated patients. There is a need to develop a new strategy to improve the efficacy of each treatment session and the overall treatment outcome. The study objective was to determine how intraoperative measurements of blood flow correlate with treatment response assessed several weeks post treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe employed Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) to measure intraoperative blood‐flow dynamics. We collected data from 24 subjects undergoing laser therapy for facial PWS birthmarks. Photographs were taken before treatment and at a follow‐up visit, and analyzed by two expert observers.ResultsIntraoperative LSI enables real‐time monitoring of blood‐flow dynamics in response to laser treatment and can inform clinicians on the need for focused re‐treatment. The degree of PWS blanching achieved is positively correlated with the log‐transformed acute blood‐flow reduction (P = 0.022).ConclusionLSI is a simple, intraoperative monitoring tool during laser therapy of PWS birthmarks. LSI provides a single value for blood flow that correlates well with the degree of blanching achieved with laser therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:469–475, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complex abdominal wall defect reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi free flap with mesh after malignant tumor resection
Authors: Bodin Frédéric , Dissaux Caroline , Romain Benoît , Rohr Serge , Brigand Cécile , Bruant‐Rodier Catherine 
Published: June 2015

PurposeExtended and full‐thickness abdominal wall defects are commonly reconstructed using free flaps. Published surgical outcomes involving the latissimus dorsi (LD) free flap procedure are limited and are less numerous than those with free flaps involving the thigh. The aim of this report was to describe the immediate and long‐term evaluation of complex abdominal wall reconstruction using a LD free flap with mesh.Patients and MethodsBetween 2005 and 2013, nine patients with extended malignant tumors of the abdominal wall underwent surgeries. After the surgical resection, the mean defect size was 385 cm2 (range: 190–650 cm2). Full‐thickness abdominal wall reconstruction was performed with a combination of LD free flaps and meshes. The immediate and long‐term outcomes were assessed regarding the complications, sustainable strength of the abdominal wall and cancer recurrence.ResultsThe meshes measured 927 cm2 in average (range: 500–1036 cm2). Eight Parietex Composite® and 1 Bard Collamend Implant® were used. No donor site complications occurred, and complete LD flap survival was achieved without partial necrosis or thrombosis. One obese patient who received a porcine dermis mesh developed an eventration four days postoperatively and exhibited a limited amount of abdominal skin necrosis around the flap. Two patients died from cancer evolution. After a mean follow‐up of 60.4 months (range: 29–94 months), clinical evaluation of the abdomen revealed 2 patients without anomalies, 4 cases of abdominal bulging without functional discomfort and 1 case of major abdominal distension.ConclusionsComplex abdominal reconstruction with LD free flap and mesh allows extended satisfactory coverage with a low incidence of flap and donor site complications. However, patients should be advised of the significant risk of abdominal bulging. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:38–43, 2017.
Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for fractional nonhomogeneous Roesser model
Authors: Kamocki Rafał 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn the paper, we study an optimal control problem connected with a fractional Roesser model described by partial Riemann–Liouville derivatives. A theorem on the existence optimal solutions and the maximum principle for such problem with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are proved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.