bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐loss aluminium nitride thin film for mid‐infrared microphotonics
Authors: Lin Pao Tai , Jung Hojoong , Kimerling Lionel C. , Agarwal Anu , Tang Hong X. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMid‐infrared (mid‐IR) microphotonic devices including (i) straight/bent waveguides and (ii) Y‐junction beam splitters are developed on thin films of CMOS‐compatible sputter deposited aluminum nitride (AlN)‐on‐silicon. An optical loss of 0.83 dB/cm at λ = 2.5 µm is achieved. In addition, an efficient mid‐IR 50:50 beam splitter is demonstrated over 200 nm spectral bandwidth along with a <2% power difference between adjacent channels. With the inherent advantage of an ultra‐wide transparent window (ultraviolent to mid‐IR), our AlN mid‐IR platform can enable broadband optical networks on a chip.
Effects of Intermicellar Interactions on the Dissociation of Block Copolymer Micelles: SANS and NMR Studies
Authors: Cheng Gang , Hammouda Boualem , Perahia Dvora 
Published: January 2014

The effects of intermicellar interactions on the dissociation of block copolymer micelles of poly­styrene‐block‐polyisoprene in a selective solvent, decane, are investigated using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and1H NMR spectroscopy. This well‐studied polymer is used as a model system to correlate intermicellar interactions with overall micellar stability. Decane is a preferential solvent for polyisoprene (PI) and drives the association of the polystyrene (PS) blocks, resulting in spherical micelles with a PS core and a Gaussian PI corona. The dissociation of the PS–PI micelles is triggered by increasing temperature, while the intermicellar interactions are controlled by varying the polymer concentration and modulating temperature. With increasing temperature, the cores of the micelles first swell, followed by a breakdown to smaller micelles, with similar shapes, that eventually dissociate into single molecules. Herein, it is shown for the first time that enhancing the intermicellar interaction delays the dissociation process of the micelles.image
Context Effects on Older Consumers’ Cognitive Age: The Role of Hedonic versus Utilitarian Goals
Authors: Guido Gianluigi , Amatulli Cesare , Peluso Alessandro M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with older consumers’ cognitive age (i.e., the age they feel), which is self‐assessed as systematically lower than their chronological age (i.e., their actual age). Such a tendency would lead older consumers to display attitudes and purchasing behaviors, which are not typical of people of their real age. Two studies show that cognitive age is not an immutable construct but varies according to its context of reference, so that the same individual may feel different ages under different circumstances. Results demonstrate that the declared cognitive age is affected by the physical environment, the social references, and the product categories that the consumer is using when self‐assessing it. Furthermore, the tendency of older consumers to feel younger is stronger when these consumers are pursuing in these contexts hedonic rather than utilitarian goals. These findings provide novel inputs for the development of appropriate ways to measure cognitive age and to deal with it when targeting senior consumers and positioning hedonic versus utilitarian goods.
Retailers’ Price Positioning and the Motivational Profiling of Store‐Brand Shoppers: The Case of Spain
Authors: González‐Benito Óscar , Martos‐Partal Mercedes , Fustinoni‐Venturini Mariana 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, retailers have worked to advance store‐brand strategies, leading to greater success and higher congruence with the retailer's positioning. In this new competitive context, this research aims to characterize store‐brand shoppers in terms of motivation and benefits sought, as well as analyze, on the basis of congruence theory, the moderating role of a retailer's price positioning on store‐brand shopper characterizations. The empirical study combines survey and household panel information related to leading retailers in Spain; the findings reveal that store‐brand shoppers are motivated by their price sensitivity, whereas they are less sensitive to service quality and name brands. However, the retailer's price positioning exerts a moderating effect on shopper profiles: In less price‐oriented retail chains, store‐brand purchases seem motivated less by price and more by quality, brand awareness, and brand reputation.
Effects of Mood and Elaboration on Processing and Evaluation of Goal‐Framed Appeals
Authors: Putrevu Sanjay 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTwo experiments examined the influence of mood and elaboration on consumer processing and evaluation of goal‐framed appeals. Subjects displayed more favorable attitudes and purchase intent (PI) when exposed to negative goal frames than equivalent positive ones. These effects were attenuated under high‐elaboration conditions. Compared to subjects in positive moods, those in negative moods exhibited more favorable thoughts, attitudes, and PI toward negative goal frames. Finally, mood and frame valence did not affect depth of processing but had a consistent impact on style of processing, that is, positive frames and moods induced relational processing whereas negative frames and moods engendered item‐specific processing.
Effect of heat processing on antibody reactivity to allergen variants and fragments of black tiger prawn: A comprehensive allergenomic approach
Authors: Kamath Sandip D. , Rahman Anas M. Abdel , Voskamp Astrid , Komoda Toshikazu , Rolland Jennifer M. , O'Hehir Robyn E. , Lopata Andreas L. 
Published: January 2014

ScopePrawn allergy is one of the leading causes of IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to food. Alterations of IgE‐antibody reactivity to prawn allergens due to thermal processing are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of heating on prawn allergens using a comprehensive allergenomic approach.Methods and resultsProteins from raw and heat‐processed black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) extracts as well as recombinant tropomyosin (rPen m1) were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting using sera from 16 shellfish allergic patients. IgE antibody binding proteins were identified by advanced mass spectroscopy, characterized by molecular structure analysis and their IgE reactivity compared among the prepared black tiger prawn extracts. Heat processing enhanced the overall patient IgE binding to prawn extracts and increased recognition of a number of allergen variants and fragments of prawn allergens. Allergens identified were tropomyosin, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein, and putative novel allergens including triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and titin.ConclusionSeven allergenic proteins are present in prawns, which are mostly heat‐stable and form dimers or oligomers. Thermal treatment enhanced antibody reactivity to prawn allergens as well as fragments and should be considered in the diagnosis of prawn allergy and detection of crustacean allergens in processed food.
On random walks and entropy in diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies of neural tissue
Authors: Ingo Carson , Magin Richard L. , Colon‐Perez Luis , Triplett William , Mareci Thomas H. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeIn diffusion‐weighted MRI studies of neural tissue, the classical model assumes the statistical mechanics of Brownian motion and predicts a monoexponential signal decay. However, there have been numerous reports of signal decays that are not monoexponential, particularly in the white matter.TheoryWe modeled diffusion in neural tissue from the perspective of the continuous time random walk. The characteristic diffusion decay is represented by the Mittag‐Leffler function, which relaxes a priori assumptions about the governing statistics. We then used entropy as a measure of the anomalous features for the characteristic function.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted MRI experiments were performed on a fixed rat brain using an imaging spectrometer at 17.6 T with b‐values arrayed up to 25,000 s/mm2. Additionally, we examined the impact of varying either the gradient strength, q, or mixing time, Δ, on the observed diffusion dynamics.ResultsIn white and gray matter regions, the Mittag‐Leffler and entropy parameters demonstrated new information regarding subdiffusion and produced different image contrast from that of the classical diffusion coefficient. The choice of weighting on q and Δ produced different image contrast within the regions of interest.ConclusionWe propose these parameters have the potential as biomarkers for morphology in neural tissue. Magn Reson Med 71:617–627, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asthma and cystic fibrosis: A tangled web
Authors: Kent Brian D. , Lane Stephen J. , van Beek Edwin J. , Dodd Jonathan D. , Costello Richard W. , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. 
Published: January 2014

SummarySuccessfully diagnosing concomitant asthma in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenging proposition, and the utility of conventional diagnostic criteria of asthma in CF populations remains uncertain. Nonetheless, the accurate identification of individuals with CF and asthma allows appropriate tailoring of therapy, and should reduce the unnecessary use of asthma medication in broader CF cohorts. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic challenge posed by asthma in CF, both in terms of clinical evaluation, and of interpretation of pulmonary function testing and non‐invasive markers of airway inflammation. We also examine how the role of cross‐sectional thoracic imaging in CF and asthma can assist in the diagnosis of asthma in these patients. Finally, we critically appraise the evidence base behind the use of asthma medications in CF populations, with a particular focus on the use of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. As shall be discussed, the gaps in the current literature make further high‐quality research in this field imperative. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:205–213. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taxonomy for software teamwork measurement
Authors: Robillard Pierre N. , Lavallée Mathieu , Ton‐That Yvan , Chiocchio François 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that software is mostly a team endeavor, the software engineering (SE) literature has not tapped into organizational psychology's conceptual and empirical writings on teams. This paper presents a model of team dynamics adapted to the specificities of SE project teams. The taxonomy is composed of nine episodes that are likely to be found in any software team process. Each episode is described in terms of the input‐process‐output cycle and illustrated with examples. The measurability of the episodes is validated on a capstone student project carried out with an industrial partner. The team activities are recorded by each developer, throughout the project's duration, in the form of work tokens. These work tokens are then associated with episodes by two independent coders. The results show that all the episodes of the proposed taxonomy are measurable, and very few (less than 5% in this field study) remain ambiguous. Most of the ambiguities arise from short episodes that alternate during team process activities. This paper's contribution to software team process research is to synthesize the team literature and draw up a theoretically driven taxonomy of team dynamics specific to SE teams and to provide initial evidence of measurability of the taxonomy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3‐dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) on cytokines expression in cadmium chloride treated human lung cells
Authors: Odewumi Caroline O. , Fils‐Aime Shiela , Badisa Veera L. D. , Latinwo Lekan M. , Ruden Michael L. , Ikediobi Christopher , Badisa Ramesh B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCadmium is commercially profitable element, but it causes toxicity in humans and animals leading to diseases in various organs. The main route of cadmium exposure to humans is through inhalation. Lungs respond to insult through secretion of cytokines. In this study, the chemoprotective effect of monoisoamyl 2, 3‐dimercaptosuccinate (MiADMS) was evaluated on viability and cytokines expression in CdCl2 treated human lung A549 cells by cytokine array. Cells were treated with 0, 50, 75, and 100 µM CdCl2 alone, 300 µM MiADMS alone, and co‐treated with 300 µM MiADMS and 75 µM CdCl2 for 24 h. The viability was measured by crystal violet dye. The level of cytokines in the cells' lysate and cell culture medium was measured using Ray Biotech's Human Cytokine Array 6 in control cells, 75 µM CdCl2 alone and MiADMS co‐treated cells. Array results were validated by ELISA kit. The CdCl2 caused a dose dependent decrease in cell viability, while MiADMS co‐treatment resulted in a significant increase in viability of CdCl2 treated cells. Morphology of the cells treated with CdCl2 was destroyed, while MiADMS restored the lost shape in CdCl2 treated cells. In addition, the cells co‐treated with MiADMS and CdCl2 showed modulation of cytokines expression in comparison to the CdCl2 alone treated cells. The ELISA results showed the similar pattern of cytokine expression as Human Cytokine Array and validated the array results. These results clearly show the chemoprotective effect of MiADMS and suggest that MiADMS can be used as antidote at moderate dose against CdCl2 toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 704–711, 2015.
Cognitive performance and convulsion risk after experimentally‐induced febrile‐seizures in rat
Authors: Rajab Ebrahim , Abdeen Zahra , Hassan Zuhair , Alsaffar Yousif , Mandeel Mohammad , Shawaaf Fatima Al , Al‐Ansari Sali , Kamal Amer 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany reports indicated that small percentage of children with febrile seizures develop epilepsy and cognitive disorders later in adulthood. In addition, the neuronal network of the hippocampus was reported to be deranged in adult animals after being exposed to hyperthermia‐induced seizures in their neonatal life. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) latency and probability of seizures, (2) spatial learning and memory, in adult rats after neonatal hyperthermia‐induced febrile seizures (FS). Prolonged FS were elicited in 10‐day old, male Sprague Dawleys (n = 11/group) by exposure to heated air (48–52 °C) for 30 min; control rats were exposed to 30 °C air. After 1.5 months the animal's cognitive performance was assessed by 5 day trial in the Morris water maze. In another experiment the latency and probability of seizures were measured in response to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injections (increased doses ranged from 7 to 140 mg/kg; i.p.). In water maze, both groups showed improvements in escape latency and distance swam to reach the platform; effects were significantly greater in control versus hyperthermia‐treated animals on days 3 and 4. Latency and probability of PTZ‐induced seizures were shorter and higher respectively, in hyperthermia‐treated animals compared to controls. We concluded that FS in neonatal rats leads to enhanced susceptibility for seizures, as well as cognitive deficits in adults.
Insulin-stimulated leptin secretion requires calcium and PI3K/Akt activation
Authors: Wang Yue , Ali Yusuf , Lim Chun-Yan , Hong Wanjin , Pang Zhiping P. , Han Weiping 
Published: January 2014

Numerous studies have focused on the regulation of leptin signalling and the functions of leptin in energy homoeostasis; however, little is known about how leptin secretion is regulated. In the present study we studied leptin storage and secretion regulation in 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes. Leptin is stored in membrane-bound vesicles that are localized predominantly in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and close to the plasma membrane of both 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes. Insulin increases leptin secretion as early as 15 min without affecting the leptin mRNA level. Interestingly, treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the ER–Golgi trafficking blocker Brefeldin A inhibit both basal and ISLS (insulin-stimulated leptin secretion), suggesting that insulin stimulates leptin secretion by up-regulating leptin synthesis and that leptin-containing vesicles go through the ER–Golgi route. The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt, but not MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), pathway is involved in ISLS in vitro and in vivo. Although Ca2+ triggers synaptic vesicle and secretory granule exocytosis, Ca2+ influx alone is not sufficient to induce leptin secretion. Remarkably, Ca2+ is required for ISLS possibly due to its involvement in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. We conclude that insulin stimulates leptin release through the PI3K/Akt pathway and that Ca2+ is required for robust Akt phosphorylation and leptin secretion.
Hiding rollback latency in log‐based eager hardware transactional memory
Authors: Lee Sungjae , Lee Inhwan 
Published: January 2014

The use of a rollback buffer (RB) for hiding the rollback latency in log‐based eager hardware transactional memory is proposed. The RB allows a transaction to abort without performing rollback, but still makes the transaction's old values immediately available. In effect, the rollback latency almost disappears. When running the Stanford transactional applications for multi‐processing benchmark on a 16‐core processor that implements the LogTM‐SE, the speedup (decrease in execution time) achieved with a 2 KB RB is 15.8% on average.
Using interaction between two nonlinear systems to improve IIP3 in active mixers
Authors: Asghari M. , Yavari M. 
Published: January 2014

A new linearisation technique for active mixers is introduced to enhance the third‐order input intercept point (IIP3). This technique is based on the cancellation of the third‐order Volterra kernel in the output current of the transconductance stage by using the interaction between two nonlinear systems. In this scheme, a nonlinear circuit is employed prior to the conventional mixer to improve the total IIP3 by adjusting its second‐order Volterra kernel magnitude and phase. Moreover, the added circuit increases the conversion gain of the mixer. The simulation results show that both the IIP3 and the conversion gain simultaneously improve by 13 and 11.4 dB, respectively, compared with the conventional active mixer.
Asymmetrical wideband zeroth‐order resonant antenna
Authors: Amani N. , Jafargholi A. , Kamyab M. , Vaziri A. 
Published: January 2014

A new asymmetrical zeroth‐order resonant antenna with improved efficiency and widened impedance bandwidth is proposed. It comprises a rectangular patch, two shorted stubs and a coplanar waveguide feed to have composite right/left‐handed features and an easy fabrication process. The asymmetry helps to combine three resonance frequencies and extends the bandwidth up to 61.6%. The efficiency of the proposed antenna is >85% over the entire bandwidth of 4.41–8.34 GHz. The proposed antenna has a compact size, which can provide an omni‐directional radiation pattern suitable for wireless applications. These features are verified by CST Microwave Studio and compared with the experimental results.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of spatial division using antenna directivities in short‐range MIMO transmission
Authors: Arai M. , Seki T. , Hiraga K. , Nakagawa T. , Uehara K. 
Published: January 2014

A simple method is proposed for achieving short‐range multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) transmission without complicated signal processing. This is achieved by a spatial division that cancels interference between signal streams by using π‐phase‐shifted antenna directivities in high speed parallel transmission systems at 60 GHz. The method achieves spatial division transmission without MIMO detection even for antenna elements with wide beamwidths. This makes it easy to design antenna elements and reduces signal processing costs in the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, the method provides almost the same channel capacity as that of the complicated MIMO transmission methods. The optimal antenna array length is derived to maximise the capacity and the validity of the proposed method is confirmed through numerical and experimental analyses at 4.85 GHz.
Compact low driving voltage (<400 mVpp) electro‐absorption modulator laterally integrated with VCSEL
Authors: Dalir H. , Takahashi Y. , Koyama F. 
Published: January 2014

An ultra‐compact (8 µm long) electro‐absorption modulator is presented which is laterally integrated with a 980 nm InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser incorporating a bow‐tie‐shaped oxide aperture. A low driving voltage operation below 400 mVpp for a dynamic extinction ratio of 6 dB and a large signal modulation of up to 25 Gbit/s is demonstrated. The static extinction ratio of over 6 dB can be obtained by applying an extremely low voltage of −200 mV.
One‐step fabrication and high photocatalytic activity of porous graphitic carbon nitride synthesised via direct polymerisation of dicyandiamide without templates
Authors: Yu Qingbo , Li Xianhua , Zhang Mingxu 
Published: January 2014

Porous graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been synthesised by means of one‐step calcinations of dicyandiamide for efficient photocatalysis under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrate that the as‐prepared photocatalyst calcined at 650°C is a porous structure. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra show that the optical absorption for the porous g‐C3N4 is more intensive than for common g‐C3N4 calcined at 550°C. The enhanced generation of the photocurrent under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) is observed by using the porous g‐C3N4. The results of the photocatalytic experiments under visible light irradiation reveal that the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using the porous g‐C3N4 is higher than common g‐C3N4, showing the advantage of the structure for efficient photocatalysis. The presence of the calcinations temperature is presumed to play a key role in adjusting the textural properties.
Photo-induced changes in a hybrid amorphous chalcogenide/silica photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Markos Christos 
Published: January 2014

Photostructural changes in a hybrid photonic crystal fiber with chalcogenide nanofilms inside the inner surface of the cladding holes are experimentally demonstrated. The deposition of the amorphous chalcogenide glass films inside the silica capillaries of the fiber was made by infiltrating the nanocolloidal solution-based As25S75, while the photoinduced changes were performed by side illuminating the fiber near the bandgap edge of the formed glass nanofilms. The photoinduced effect of the chalcogenide glass directly red-shifts the transmission bandgap position of the fiber as high as ∼20.6 nm at around 1600 nm wavelength, while the maximum bandgap intensity change at ∼1270 nm was −3 dB.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 14 March 2014.
Changing Culture, Stable Structure
Authors: Konig Ruben P. , Bardoel Jo L. H. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
In this contribution we deal with the contradiction between changing culture and stable structure, i.e., the phenomenon that a social structure that developed to accommodate a certain culture may remain stable over a long period of time, even when that culture changes. We do so for the case of the Dutch public broadcasting system, that was designed in the 1920s to fit with the segmented pluralism of Dutch society, in which a number of religiously and ideologically different groups had to peacefully co-exist. In the mid-1960s, Dutch society started to change rapidly and segmented pluralism started to wane. The public broadcasting system, however, hardly changed until today. First we explain how structure and culture initially matched and how the concept of path dependency can explain how over time culture and structure can grow apart. Then, with data of six national surveys between 1979 and 2005, we explore the possible cultural grounds for the fact that the segmented public broadcasting system has outlived the segmented pluralism of Dutch society that it was originally designed to match.