bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding is negatively affected by prenatal depression and reduces postpartum depression
Authors: Figueiredo B. , Canário C. , Field T. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThis prospective cohort study explored the effects of prenatal and postpartum depression on breastfeeding and the effect of breastfeeding on postpartum depression.MethodThe Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to 145 women at the first, second and third trimester, and at the neonatal period and 3 months postpartum. Self-report exclusive breastfeeding since birth was collected at birth and at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Data analyses were performed using repeated-measures ANOVAs and logistic and multiple linear regressions.ResultsDepression scores at the third trimester, but not at 3 months postpartum, were the best predictors of exclusive breastfeeding duration (β = −0.30,t = −2.08,p < 0.05). A significant decrease in depression scores was seen from childbirth to 3 months postpartum in women who maintained exclusive breastfeeding for ⩾3 months (F1,65 = 3.73,p < 0.10,ηp2 = 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that screening for depression symptoms during pregnancy can help to identify women at risk for early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding, and that exclusive breastfeeding may help to reduce symptoms of depression from childbirth to 3 months postpartum.
Lossless hybridization between photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices
Authors: Park Kwang-Tae , Shin Sun-Mi , Tazebay Abdullah S. , Um Han-Don , Jung Jin-Young , Jee Sang-Won , Oh Min-Wook , Park Su-Dong , Yoo Bongyoung , Yu Choongho , Lee Jung-Ho 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe optimal hybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) devices has long been considered ideal for the efficient harnessing solar energy. Our hybrid approach uses full spectrum solar energy via lossless coupling between PV and TE devices while collecting waste energy from thermalization and transmission losses from PV devices. Achieving lossless coupling makes the power output from the hybrid device equal to the sum of the maximum power outputs produced separately from individual PV and TE devices. TE devices need to have low internal resistances enough to convey photo-generated currents without sacrificing the PV fill factor. Concomitantly, a large number of p-n legs are preferred to drive a high Seebeck voltage in TE. Our simple method of attaching a TE device to a PV device has greatly improved the conversion efficiency and power output of the PV device (~30% at a 15°C temperature gradient across a TE device).
Promising operational stability of high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Nakanotani Hajime , Masui Kensuke , Nishide Junichi , Shibata Takumi , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOrganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are attractive for next-generation displays and lighting applications because of their potential for high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency, flexibility and low-cost manufacture. Although phosphorescent emitters containing rare metals such as iridium or platinum produce devices with high EL efficiency, these metals are expensive and their blue emission remains unreliable for practical applications. Recently, a new route to high EL efficiency using materials that emit through thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was demonstrated. However, it is unclear whether devices that emit through TADF, which originates from the contributions of triplet excitons, are reliable. Here we demonstrate highly efficient, stable OLEDs that emit via TADF by controlling the position of the carrier recombination zone, resulting in projected lifetimes comparable to those of tris(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III)-based reference OLEDs. Our results indicate that TADF is intrinsically stable under electrical excitation and optimization of the surrounding materials will enhance device reliability.
TIGAR: transcript isoform abundance estimation method with gapped alignment of RNA-Seq data by variational Bayesian inference
Authors: Nariai Naoki , Hirose Osamu , Kojima Kaname , Nagasaki Masao 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Many human genes express multiple transcript isoforms through alternative splicing, which greatly increases diversity of protein function. Although RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies have been widely used in measuring amounts of transcribed mRNA, accurate estimation of transcript isoform abundances from RNA-Seq data is challenging because reads often map to more than one transcript isoforms or paralogs whose sequences are similar to each other.
Results: We propose a statistical method to estimate transcript isoform abundances from RNA-Seq data. Our method can handle gapped alignments of reads against reference sequences so that it allows insertion or deletion errors within reads. The proposed method optimizes the number of transcript isoforms by variational Bayesian inference through an iterative procedure, and its convergence is guaranteed under a stopping criterion. On simulated datasets, our method outperformed the comparable quantification methods in inferring transcript isoform abundances, and at the same time its rate of convergence was faster than that of the expectation maximization algorithm. We also applied our method to RNA-Seq data of human cell line samples, and showed that our prediction result was more consistent among technical replicates than those of other methods.
Availability: An implementation of our method is available at http://github.com/nariai/tigar
Contact: nariai@megabank.tohoku.ac.jp
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TheClinton–Cornwallis Controversy and Responsibility for theBritish Surrender atYorktown
Authors: Middleton Richard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTheBritish surrender atYorktown proved one of the most decisive engagements in the history of theAtlantic world. While theAmerican conduct of the campaign has been endlessly studied, theBritish side has been studiously neglected. This article seeks to show how theBritish army came to be stationed atYorktown and why its occupation ended in disaster. Many accusations were made at the time as to who was responsible for the debacle. However, the most public recriminations were those exchanged by the two leading generals, SirHenryClinton andEarlCornwallis.Clinton chargedCornwallis with responsibility forYorktown on three counts. Firstly, he had entered Virginia without authorization, thereby dangerously extendingBritain's military commitments. Secondly, it wasCornwallis who had chosenYorktown as the site for an operational base in Virginia. FinallyCornwallis had failed to exercise proper judgement when faced by imminent danger of entrapment. However, analysis of the evidence reveals thatYorktown was a disaster principally ofClinton's making. It wasClinton who did most to extend theBritish effort inVirginia, andClinton who changed the nature of the war there by insisting on the establishment of an enlarged naval facility. Finally it wasClinton who failed to see the impending danger or the need for revised orders toCornwallis once that danger was clear.
State Expansion and the Criminal Investigation Militia during theRussianCivilWar
Authors: Frame Murray 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines the militia – the Soviet regular police force – and its criminal investigation branch in the context of the state's dramatic expansion during theRussian civil war, 1917–21. It argues that, although theBolsheviks harboured ideological doubts about centralized police forces, they quickly came to regard the militia as a key fulcrum of the revolutionary state, evidenced not least by the re‐establishment of a unitary force under central state supervision, by its rapid growth during the civil war, and by efforts to ensure its political reliability. Despite the importance attached to the militia, however, it remained a dysfunctional organization during the 1917–21 period. Its criminal investigation branch, in particular, was afflicted by a range of operational problems that undermined its ability to function as an effective arm of the state. This suggests a counter‐narrative to the assumption that statization in itself conferred extensive coercive influence upon theBolshevik regime. Despite the dramatic growth of the state during the civil war, its traction at the grassroots of society remained uneven and unpredictable.
Method for Approximating Colloid Osmotic Pressure in Long‐Term Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ookawara Susumu , Sato Hiroya , Takeda Hisatoshi , Tabei Kaoru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractColloid osmotic pressure (COP) is important in calculating vascular permeability during hemodialysis (HD). However, few reports have directly measured COP in HD patients. Therefore, the currently published formulas may not be clinically optimal for predicting COP for HD patients. Here, the study aims were (i) to directly measure COP in HD patients and compare the measured and predicted COP values using four previously reported formulas, and (ii) to develop a formula for approximating COP using clinical parameters. We obtained 212 measured COP values using an osmometer; the average value was 22.0 ± 0.2 mm Hg. The predicted COP based on the four different formulas was positively correlated with the measured COP (0.87 < r < 0.89), but was significantly overestimated compared to it (P < 0.001). We also performed a stepwise analysis using serum albumin and non‐albumin protein concentrations and obtained the following simple formula for COP approximation: COP (mm Hg) = −7.91 + 5.64 × albumin (g/dL) + 3.00 × non‐albumin proteins (g/dL). A positive linear correlation was observed between the measured COP and approximated COP using this formula (r = 0.90, P < 0.001). We calculated the mean Kr (plasma‐refilling coefficient) as a marker for determining dry weight in HD patients using the measured COP and approximated COP. No differences were observed between the mean Kr derived from the measured and approximated COP. We report here significant differences between measured and predicted COP values, and have devised a simple formula for COP approximation in HD patients.
Lithium tremor revisited: pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Baek J. H. , Kinrys G. , Nierenberg A. A. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTremor occurs frequently as a side‐effect of lithium, and it is, however, easily overlooked in the clinical setting. In this article, we attempt to review the pathophysiology and the clinical approach of lithium tremor.MethodWe searched the Pubmed and Cochrane Library for relevant articles up to the year 2012. Sixty‐four articles including 10 review papers, 3 clinical trials, and 12 case reports were reviewed.ResultsLithium tremor is classified as a postural tremor and subcategorized as an exaggerated physiologic tremor. Differential diagnosis includes metabolic abnormalities, benign essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and lithium toxicity. Various methods of evaluating lithium tremor and treatment options are discussed.ConclusionWhen lithium tremor has developed, thorough history taking, physical examination, and blood examination including serum lithium level are needed. Pharmacotherapy is indicated only in patients with disabling tremor.
Effect of the Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Sivelestat on Perioperative Inflammatory Response After Pediatric Heart Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Kohira Satoshi , Oka Norihiko , Inoue Nobuyuki , Itatani Keiichi , Hanayama Naoji , Kitamura Tadashi , Fujii Masami , Takeda Akikazu , Oshima Hiroyuki , Tojo Keiichi , Yoshitake Shigenori , Miyaji Kagami 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) elicits a systemic inflammatory response. The neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat is known to suppress this systemic inflammatory response, which can eventually result in acute organ failure. The prophylactic effect of sivelestat on acute lung injury, especially in pediatric cardiac surgery, remains unclear. This prospective double‐blind, randomized study evaluated the perioperative prophylactic effect of sivelestat in patients undergoing elective pediatric open heart surgery with CPB. Thirty consecutive patients, weighing 5–10 kg and undergoing open heart surgery with CPB, were assigned to sivelestat (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. From CPB initiation to 24 h after surgery, patients in the sivelestat group received a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h sivelestat, whereas patients in the control group received the same volume of 0.9% saline. Blood samples were collected, and levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, polymorphonuclear elastase (PMN‐E), C‐reactive protein (CRP), as well as the white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, and neutrophil count (NC) were measured. PMN‐E levels, IL‐8 levels, WBC count, NC, and CRP levels were significantly lower, and platelet count was significantly higher in the sivelestat group, according to repeated two‐way analysis of variance. The activated coagulation time was significantly shorter in the sivelestat group, similarly, blood loss was significantly less in the sivelestat group. In conclusion, Sivelestat attenuates perioperative inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing pediatric heart surgery with CPB.
Effects of Pulsatile Bioreactor Culture on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Seeded on Electrospun Poly (lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) Scaffold
Authors: Mun Cho Hay , Jung Youngmee , Kim Sang‐Heon , Kim Hee Chan , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElectrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have several advantages, such as an extremely high surface‐to‐volume ratio, tunable porosity, and malleability to conform over a wide variety of sizes and shapes. However, there are limitations to culturing the cells on the scaffold, including the inability of the cells to infiltrate because of the scaffold's nano‐sized pores. To overcome the limitations, we developed a controlled pulsatile bioreactor that produces static and dynamic flow, which improves transfer of such nutrients and oxygen, and a tubular‐shaped vascular graft using cell matrix engineering. Electrospun scaffolds were seeded with smooth muscle cells (SMCs), cultured under dynamic or static conditions for 14 days, and analyzed. Mechanical examination revealed higher burst strength in the vascular grafts cultured under dynamic conditions than under static conditions. Also, immunohistology stain for alpa smooth muscle actin showed the difference ofSMCdistribution and existence on the scaffold between the static and dynamic culture conditions. The higher proliferation rate ofSMCs in dynamic culture rather than static culture could be explained by the design of the bioreactor which mimics the physical environment such as media flow and pressure through the lumen of the construct. This supports regulation of collagen and leads to a significant increase in tensile strength of the engineered tissues. These results showed that theSMCs/electrospinning poly (lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffold constructs formed tubular‐shaped vascular grafts and could be useful in vascular tissue engineering.
Obesity and the need for bariatric surgery in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Adil Aijaz , Shariff Amir Hafeez 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAfter establishing a foothold in the West, the pandemic of obesity now threatens to spin out of control in the developing nations of Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Like many of its neighbors, Pakistan has witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of overweight and obese individuals in its population, and obesity is proving to be an issue of considerable public health concern. Conventional medical therapies for obesity and related complications have proven to be less than effective, especially in the population of the southeast, which appears to be inherently predisposed to developing obesity‐related complications. Bariatric surgery is fast emerging as a definitive therapeutic alternative for obesity and has proven to be highly successful and cost‐effective at producing remission of complications of the same. In this article, we expound the need for introducing and incorporating bariatric surgery as part of the therapeutic protocols for obese individuals of South Asian descent suffering from the chronic and debilitating complications of obesity.
The effects of computer‐simulation game training on participants' opinions on leadership styles
Authors: Siewiorek Anna , Gegenfurtner Andreas , Lainema Timo , Saarinen Eeli , Lehtinen Erno 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study is to elucidate new information on the possibility of leadership training through business computer‐simulation gaming in a virtual working context. In the study, a business‐simulation gaming session was organised for graduate students (n = 26). The participants played the simulation game in virtual teams that were geographically dispersed and that were brought together by the use of technology. Before the gaming session, the team leaders were preselected and trained in how to operate the simulation game. Data consist of pre‐ and posttest questionnaires (the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire measuring transformational, transactional and passive/avoidance leadership styles) and answers to open‐ended questions. The results showed the difference in participants' opinions on leadership styles before and after the training. After the gaming sessions, team members scored lower in transformational and transactional scales than team leaders. Only team leaders' leadership styles correlated with game performance. However, shared leadership among team members was typical for most successful teams. Implications for leadership training are discussed.
Left Atrial Responses to Acute Right Ventricular Apical Pacing in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Kim Seong‐Man , Cho Kyoung‐Im , Cha Tae‐Joon , Heo Jung‐Ho , Kim Hyun‐Su , Lee Jae‐Woo 
Published: July 2013

Chronic right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing can lead to an increased risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation, but the acute effects of RVA pacing on left atrial (LA) function are not well known. Twenty‐four patients with sick sinus syndrome and intact intrinsic atrioventricular conduction were included. All patients received dual‐chamber pacemaker implants with the atrial lead in the right atrial appendage and the ventricular lead in the right ventricular (RV) apex. Transthoracic standard and strain echocardiography (measured by tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking image) were performed to identify functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) and LA before and after 1 hour of RVA pacing. The LA volume index did not change after pacing; however, the ratio of peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity (E) to peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Ea) was significantly increased and peak systolic LA strain (Sm), mean peak systolic LA strain rate (SmSR), peak early diastolic LA strain rate (EmSR), and peak late diastolic LA strain rate (AmSR) were significantly reduced after RV pacing. LV dyssynchrony, induced by RV pacing, had a significant correlation with E/Ea, Sm, and SmSR after pacing. E/Ea also had a negative correlation with Sm and SmSR after pacing. Multivariate regression analysis identified LV dyssynchrony and E/Ea as important factors that affect Sm, SmSR, EmSR, and AmSR after acute RVA pacing. Acute RVA pacing results in LA functional change and LV dyssynchrony and higher LV filling pressures reflected by E/Ea are important causes of LA dysfunction after acute RVA pacing.
Increased disease severity in non‐Western immigrants with multiple sclerosis in Oslo, Norway
Authors: Berg‐Hansen P. , Smestad C. , Sandvik L. , Harbo H. F. , Celius E. G. 
Published: July 2013

Background and purposeNon‐Western immigrants to Norway acquire an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) after migration. Ethnicity and the presence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might influence the disease course. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in disease severity and in the presence of OCBs in ethnic Norwegian and immigrant MS patients.MethodsClinical data and CSF findings from 47 non‐Western immigrants with MS were compared with those from 447 Norwegian and 48 immigrant patients from Western countries.ResultsThe non‐Western immigrants had a higher mean Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) than the Norwegian patients (5.68 vs. 4.13, P = 0.001). Age at onset was 4 years lower amongst the non‐Western immigrants (P = 0.001). After adjusting for year of birth, age at onset, gender and disease course, the mean difference in MSSS between the groups was 2.17 (P < 0.001). Amongst the non‐Western immigrants, 70% received disease‐modifying drugs, compared with 48% of the Norwegian patients (P = 0.005). In both groups, 88% were OCB‐positive.ConclusionsNon‐Western immigrants with MS had an increased disease severity compared with native Norwegians and immigrants from Western countries. The presence of OCBs in the CSF was not different between the groups.
Identification of FUS p.R377W in essential tremor
Authors: Rajput A. , Rajput A. H. , Rajput M. L. , Encarnacion M. , Bernales C. Q. , Ross J. P. , Farrer M. J. , Vilariño‐Güell C. 
Published: July 2013

Background and purposeExome sequencing analysis has recently identified a nonsense mutation in fused in sarcoma (FUS) segregating with essential tremor (ET) within a large French‐Canadian family. Further characterization of FUS resulted in the identification of additional mutations in ET patients; however, their pathogenicity still remains to be confirmed. The role of FUS in an independent cohort of ET patients from Canada was evaluated.MethodsThe entire coding sequence of FUS in 217 patients diagnosed with ET was analyzed and two missense variants in 219 healthy controls were genotyped by Sanger sequencing.ResultsSequencing of FUS identified a previously reported non‐pathogenic mutation p.G174_G175del in one ET patient and two healthy controls, and a novel p.R377W in one patient with family history of disease. This mutation is highly conserved and strongly predicted to be damaging by in silico analysis.ConclusionThis study has identified a novel FUS p.R377W substitution in ET patients. Additional genotyping studies in a large number of ET patients and controls are necessary to conclusively define its pathogenicity.