bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The notch signaling pathway: its role in focal CNS demyelination and apotransferrin‐induced remyelination
Authors: Aparicio Evangelina , Mathieu Patricia , Pereira Luppi Milagros , Almeira Gubiani María Florencia , Adamo Ana María 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOligodendroglial damage and demyelination are common pathological features characterizing white matter and neurodegenerative disorders. Identifying the signaling pathways involved in myelin repair through oligodendroglial progenitor maturation is essential for the development of new therapies. This article investigated the role of the Notch signaling pathway in CNS demyelination and apotransferrin‐induced remyelination in a focal lysolecithin‐induced demyelination model in rats. Notch was found activated in Nestin‐expressing neural progenitor cells and in NG2‐expressing oligodendroglial precursor cells in the subventricular zone and corpus callosum of lysolecithin‐demyelinated rats. Notch activation seemed to be driven by Jagged1, which led to a high expression of downstream gene Hes5 in the subventricular zone of demyelinated rats. Apotransferrin injection induced remyelination, while the injection of the γ‐secretase inhibitor reversed this effect. In addition, 24 h after apotransferrin injection, evidence showed Notch activation concomitantly with an increase in F3/contactin levels and the up‐regulation of the myelin‐associated glycoprotein gene in the subventricular zone and corpus callosum of demyelinated rats. Collected evidence supports the participation of both canonical and non‐canonical Notch signaling pathways in demyelination/remyelination. Notch activation was found to trigger Hes5 expression as a consequence of focal demyelination, which might promote oligodendroglial precursor cell proliferation. During apotransferrin‐induced remyelination, Notch activation seemed to be mediated by the expression of F3/contactin, which might induce apotransferrin‐mediated oligodendroglial maturation.
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Evidence of the participation of Notch signaling in the demyelination/remyelination process will help further understand demyelinating disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis and the use of aTf should be taken into consideration as a possible therapeutic intervention.
Speaking discourses and silent lips: women and gender‐based portraits in sudden infant death publications
Authors: Brännström Inger 
Published: August 2013

Aims and objectivesTo reveal the prominent discourses and assigned social ordering given to women in paediatric research in Sweden concerning the subject of sudden infant death syndrome.BackgroundThere are no further studies in Sweden and elsewhere, regarding publishing portraits of women's social ordering in nursing research surrounding sudden infant death syndrome.Design and methodsThe material encompassed all 55 articles/comments published by the Swedish Medical Journal 1980–2007 (7 March) as retrieved using selected keywords. The items were accessed in full text, and a discourse analytical approach was used triangulated with feminist theoretical perspectives.ResultsThree main discourses were identified: (1) women as bearers of guilt and accountability, (2) a social ordering where women's biology and lifestyles received great attention together with a tribute to mothers as having the principal responsibility as parent and caregiver and (3) gender‐based health policy portrayals showing women/mothers in marginalised social and structural contexts or exposed to one‐sided disciplinary penal codes despite the Swedish welfare state having long declared gender equality in its family policies and in paediatric nursing practices.ConclusionsAlthough results from this study primarily relate to the Swedish contexts, they may also reflect the dual role in paediatric nursing practices in other countries, that is, (1) as being medical experts on children's health (paediatrics and nursing) and (2) as change agents with regard to childcare and practical recommendations directed to individuals (mothers, fathers, both or other caregivers of infants).Relevance to clinical practiceThe study highlights the needs of not merely seeing the family or the mother as ultimate and individual beneficiaries of medical/practical advice about child‐caring duties in infancy. Further studies are encouraged to recognise infant nursing practices, gender equality and safe parenthood in child health research and nursing practices.
MIGRATION AS A WAY TO DIVERSIFY: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION IN THE U.S.
Authors: Arzaghi Mohammad , Rupasingha Anil 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper extends the utility maximization model of migration by introducing income and unemployment‐related uncertainties as determinants of utility, and analyzes the effects of the informational advantages of migrants. The paper maintains that migration would expand an individual's economic choices and opportunities and allow diversification. Consequently, diversification advantages influence the location decisions of migrants, an effect captured by the correlation of incomes at the origin and potential destinations. We use the discrete choice model based on random utility maximization as the framework for our empirical investigation of migration from the United States rural to urban counties. This paper takes advantage of an equivalent relation between the conditional logit model and Poisson regression to study the migration decisions using aggregate data among a large set of spatial alternatives. The results show that the diversification concerns have significant effects on location decisions of the rural‐urban migrants in the United States.
Implementing Steady State Efficiency in Overlapping Generations Economies with Environmental Externalities
Authors: DAO NGUYEN THANG , DÁVILA JULIO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider in this paper overlapping generations economies with pollution resulting from both consumption and production. The competitive equilibrium steady state is compared to the optimal steady state from the social planner's viewpoint. We show that the dynamical inefficiency of a competitive equilibrium steady state with capital–labor ratio exceeding the golden rule ratio still holds. Moreover, the range of dynamically efficient steady state capital ratios increases with the effectiveness of the environment maintenance technology, and decreases for more polluting production technologies. We characterize some tax and transfer policies that decentralize as a competitive equilibrium outcome the transition to the social planner's steady state.
Sleep and cardiovascular phenotype in middle‐aged hypocretin‐deficient narcoleptic mice
Authors: Silvani Alessandro , Bastianini Stefano , Berteotti Chiara , Cenacchi Giovanna , Leone Ornella , Lo Martire Viviana , Papa Valentina , Zoccoli Giovanna 
Published: August 2013

SummaryNarcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) is a lifelong disorder caused by loss of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) neurones, often starting in childhood. NC patients show altered control of heart rate (HR) and a normotensive non‐dipper blood pressure (BP) profile, but the natural history and prognostic significance of these alterations remain unclear. Similar alterations have been observed in HCRT‐ataxin‐3 transgenic (TG) NC mice lacking HCRT neurones, but studies have been limited to young adult individuals <4 months of age. Here we evaluated long‐term effects of NC on derangements in the wake–sleep state and cardiovascular control by studying middle‐aged TG. We chronically instrumented TG and wild‐type mice aged 10–11 months with electrodes for sleep scoring and a telemetric transducer for BP and HR measurements. We then recorded mice in freely behaving conditions. TG showed a NC phenotype including fragmentation of wakefulness, reduced latency to rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and cataplexy‐like events. TG also showed blunted BP decline on entering non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), enhanced BP increase on passing to REMS, increased HR, and blunted changes in HR upon arousal and awakening from NREMS. Histological and ultrastructural analysis of cardiovascular and renal tissue did not reveal evidence of subclinical hypertensive organ damage. These data indicate that HCRT neurone loss in TG causes alterations in wake–sleep behaviour and cardiovascular control that are not peculiar to the beginning of the disease but are maintained at least up to middle age. These alterations are similar to those in adult NC patients, but do not produce early subclinical damage to the heart and kidneys.
A short motif in the N‐terminal part of the coat protein is a host‐specific determinant of systemic infectivity for two potyviruses
Authors: Desbiez Cecile , Chandeysson Charlotte , Lecoq Herve 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAlthough the biological variability of Watermelon mosaic virus is limited, isolates from the three main molecular groups differ in their ability to infect systemically Chenopodium quinoa. Mutations were introduced in a motif of three or five amino acids located in the N‐terminal part of the coat protein, and differing in isolates from group 1 (motif: lysine‐glutamic acid‐alanine (Lys‐Glu‐Ala) or KEA, systemic on C. quinoa), group 2 (Lys‐Glu‐Thr or KET, not systemic on C. quinoa) and group 3 (KEKET, not systemic on C. quinoa). Mutagenesis of KEKET in an isolate from group 3 to KEA or KEKEA was sufficient to make the virus systemic on C. quinoa, whereas mutagenesis to KET had no effect. Introduction of a KEA motif in Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein also resulted in systemic infection on C. quinoa. These mutations had no obvious effect on the disorder profile or potential post‐translational modifications of the coat protein as determined in silico.
Consumer's perceptions of Recovery‐oriented mental health services: An Australian case‐study analysis
Authors: Hungerford Catherine , Fox Catherine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecovery approaches to health care now feature in the mental health policies of many Western countries. There are, however, continuing challenges to the operationalization of these approaches. This study aimed to identify the nature of these challenges for a public mental health service organization located in a major urban center in southeastern Australia, where Recovery‐oriented services have been implemented; and to develop recommendations to address these challenges. These aims were achieved by asking mental health consumers about their experiences of the implementation of Recovery‐oriented services. Research participants described an uncertainty in health professionals and consumers alike about how to practice within a Recovery model, with many health professionals taking a “hands off” approach in the name of Recovery, rather than working in partnership with consumers and other stakeholders, including the community managed organizations. Solutions to these challenges included more targeted, practice‐focused education for consumers and health professionals, with this education provided by consumer representatives. Insights derived from this research add to the growing body of evidence related to the implementation of Recovery‐oriented services in Western countries.
Botulinum toxin treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with stroke
Authors: Terré R. , Panadés A. , Mearin F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous pilot study, we demonstrated that a single injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) in the cricopharyngeus muscle is effective in patients with neurologic dysphagia with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening dysfunction and presence of some pharyngeal contraction (>25 mmHg). The aim of this study was to confirm the long‐lasting efficacy of this procedure after stroke.MethodsWe prospectively studied 23 patients with stroke for at least 6 months before administration of a BTX‐A injection. Baseline diagnosis of UES opening dysfunction and presence of some pharyngeal contraction were assessed by videofluoroscopy (VFS) and esophageal manometry (EM). Clinical and VFS follow‐up was made at 3 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjection.Key ResultsEighteen patients (78%) were fed by gastrostomy tube prior to treatment. Videofluoroscopy showed UES relaxation impairment, residue in pyriform sinuses, and aspiration in all cases. After BTX‐A, the number of patients with aspiration and pharyngeal residue decreased to 52% and 70%, respectively (p < 0.05 for both); residue was severe in only 4%. Esophageal manometry showed a mean pharyngeal amplitude 66.8 mmHg (range: 25–120 mmHg). We observed a significant improvement in feeding mode during follow‐up: after 3 months, 70% of patients were eating exclusively by mouth. Lower residual pressure and minor pharyngeal delay time at baseline were all predictive factors for treatment effectiveness.Conclusions & InferencesA single injection of BTX‐A is efficacious for a period of at least 12 months in improving oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke patients with UES opening dysfunction and some pharyngeal contraction (>25 mmHg).
A system dynamics model integrating physiology and biochemical regulation predicts extent of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) phases
Authors: Owen Nick A. , Griffiths Howard 
Published: August 2013

Summary

A system dynamics (SD) approach was taken to model crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) expression from measured biochemical and physiological constants. SD emphasizes state‐dependent feedback interaction to describe the emergent properties of a complex system. These mechanisms maintain biological systems with homeostatic limits on a temporal basis.

Previous empirical studies on CAM have correlated biological constants (e.g. enzyme kinetic parameters) with expression over the CAM diel cycle. The SD model integrates these constants within the architecture of the CAM ‘system’. This allowed quantitative causal connections to be established between biological inputs and the four distinct phases of CAM delineated by gas exchange and malic acid accumulation traits.

Regulation at flow junctions (e.g. stomatal and mesophyll conductance, and malic acid transport across the tonoplast) that are subject to feedback control (e.g. stomatal aperture, malic acid inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and enzyme kinetics) was simulated. Simulated expression for the leaf‐succulent Kalanchoë daigremontiana and more succulent tissues of Agave tequilana showed strong correlation with measured gas exchange and malic acid accumulation (R2 = 0.912 and 0.937, respectively, for K. daigremontiana and R2 = 0.928 and 0.942, respectively, for A. tequilana).

Sensitivity analyses were conducted to quantitatively identify determinants of diel CO2 uptake. The transition in CAM expression from low to high volume/area tissues (elimination of phase II–IV carbon‐uptake signatures) was achieved largely by the manipulation three input parameters.
My body is a cage: mechanisms and modulation of plant cell growth
Authors: Braidwood Luke , Breuer Christian , Sugimoto Keiko 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe wall surrounding plant cells provides protection from abiotic and biotic stresses, and support through the action of turgor pressure. However, the presence of this strong elastic wall also prevents cell movement and resists cell growth. This growth can be likened to extending a house from the inside, using extremely high pressures to push out the walls. Plants must increase cell volume in order to explore their environment, acquire nutrients and reproduce. Cell wall material must stretch and flow in a controlled manner and, concomitantly, new cell wall material must be deposited at the correct rate and site to prevent wall and cell rupture. In this review, we examine biomechanics, cell wall structure and growth regulatory networks to provide a ‘big picture’ of plant cell growth.

Contents

Summary
388

I.
Introduction
388

II.
Modes of growth
389

III.
Biomechanics and modelling of plant cell growth
389

IV.
Plant cell wall structure
390

V.
Cell wall modification proteins
391

VI.
Direction and duration of cell growth
393

VII.
Regulation of plant cell growth
394

VIII.
Conclusions
398

Acknowledgements
399

References
399
Associations between obesogenic risk factors and depression among adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Hoare E. , Skouteris H. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M. , Millar L. , Allender S. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAdolescence is a transitional life phase that is associated with heightened risk for two major health conditions – obesity and mental health problems. Given the established comorbidity of obesity and depression, one avenue that warrants further exploration is the association between obesogenic risk and obesity in the expression and maintenance of depressive symptoms. The aim of the current systematic review was to identify and evaluate the empirical literature reporting the relationships between obesogenic risk factors (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet and weight status) and depression in adolescents. A search of five databases for studies published over the last decade found 24 studies eligible for review. Relationships were found between lack of physical exercise, heightened sedentary behaviour, poor diet quality, obese or overweight and depression in adolescence. However, the finding that obesogenic risk factors are associated with poor adolescent mental health should be interpreted with caution as data typically come from non‐representative samples with less than optimal study design and methodology.
Physiological and biotechnological implications of transcript‐level variation under abiotic stress
Authors: Sanchez D. H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe discovery of genes that can be used to increase plant tolerance to environmental stress has practical implications for agriculture, since knowledge at the molecular level can potentially be translated from model plants to crops or from tolerant to sensitive cultivars. For more than a decade, researchers have attempted to identify transcriptional and metabolic pathways involved in stress tolerance using functional genomics tools. In some cases, promising results were obtained when a clear causal link was found between transcripts and tolerance/sensitivity to stress. However, recent reports question the global translational power of functional genomics for biotechnological applications, as one of the main limitations seems to be the large variability in gene expression. Transcript‐level variability under stress has not been considered of interest in the scientific literature because it is intuitively obvious, but most reports seem to naively overlook the consequences. Here, three case situations are reviewed (variability between genotypes, variability due to environmental interactions and variability between stressors) in support of the concept that inherent transcript‐level variation in biological systems may limit our knowledge of environmental plant tolerance and of functional genomics in molecular stress physiology.
Immunolocalization of Melatonin and Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone Receptors in Caprine Ovaries and their Effects During in vitro Development of Isolated Pre‐Antral Follicles
Authors: Barros VRP , Cavalcante AYP , Macedo TJS , Barberino RS , Lins TLB , Gouveia BB , Menezes VG , Queiroz MAA , Araújo VR , Palheta RC , Leite MCP , Matos MHT 
Published: August 2013

ContentsThe expression of melatonin type 1 (MT1) and FSH (FSHR) receptors in caprine ovaries and the effects of these hormones on the in vitro development of isolated pre‐antral follicles were evaluated. Follicles (≤200 μm) were cultured for 12 days in α‐MEM (control) or melatonin (100 or 1000 pg/ml) or sequential melatonin medium (100 pg/ml: from day 0 to day 6; 1000 pg/ml: from day 6 to day 12; experiment 1) and in control or sequential FSH (100 ng/ml from day 0 to day 6; 500 ng/ml from day 6 to day 12) or sequential melatonin or this latter plus sequential FSH (experiment 2). MT1 and FSHR expressions were observed in granulosa cells from secondary and antral follicles. The oocytes from primordial and primary follicles also express FSHR. Sequential melatonin increased the percentage of normal follicles and oocyte recovery compared with the control or melatonin (1000 pg/ml) at day 12. In experiment 2, all the treatments increased the normal follicles and growth compared with the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the presence of MT1 and FSHR in caprine ovaries. The addition of increased concentrations of melatonin (sequential medium) or FSH can be used to promote the in vitro development of caprine pre‐antral follicles.
Stem cells: A recapitulation of development
Authors: Moodley Yuben , Thompson Philip , Warburton David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPluripotent stem cells are cells that can differentiate into any tissue from all germ layers and include embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells (iPS). Embryonic stem cells are derived from 8‐day blastocysts obtained from unutilized embryos following in vitro fertilization, while iPS is obtained following transfection of dermal fibroblasts with pluripotent genes (sex determining region Y‐binding, Kruppel‐like factor 4, octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 and c‐Myc). The major challenge is to differentiate these cells into lung epithelium for therapeutic applications as well as to model lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. In this review, the developmental pathways of the lung and how these pathways have been recapitulated in vitro to induce differentiation of pluripotent cells to lung epithelium were examined.
Registered nurses' perceptions of conditions for patient education – focusing on aspects of competence
Authors: Bergh Anne‐Louise , Persson Eva , Karlsson Jan , Friberg Febe 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIt is important to clarify nurses' perceptions of conditions for patient education in daily work as research findings are ambiguous. There is a gap between societal regulations on nurses' competence in accomplishment/achievement of patient education and research findings.AimThe aim was to describe nurses' perceptions of conditions for patient education, focusing on aspects of competence. The aim was also to describe differences in conditions for nurses working in primary, municipal and hospital care.MethodsThe study is a cross‐sectional survey and is part of a project about nurses' patient‐education. A randomized selection of nurses (842) received a questionnaire comprising 47 items concerning factual experience and attitudes to patient education and 13 background items. Questionnaires were returned by 83% of participants. Descriptive statistics, non‐parametric tests and content analysis for open‐ended items were used.ResultsNurses' perceptions of conditions for patient education differ between health‐care settings. Primary care nurses are at an advantage in following research in patient education, perception of their own competence (prioritizing and knowing their mandate in patient teaching), pedagogical education and post graduate specializations.ConclusionsNurses' patient education must be more visualized and appropriate conditions created at each workplace. In this change process, managers' support is considered vital.