bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decade in diabetes specialist services, 2000 to 2011, in England: the views of consultant diabetologists and diabetes specialist nurses amidst persistent healthcare delivery change
Authors: Gosden C. A. , Barnard K. , Williams D. R. R. , Tinati T. , Turner B. , Holt R. I. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of continual major National Health Service reorganization on commissioning, organizational and delivery arrangements for secondary care diabetes services. To explore how consultant diabetologists and diabetes specialist nurses perceive the issues facing diabetes specialist services in 2011 and how these have changed in the preceding decade.MethodsWe used a longitudinal case study approach that combined quantitative and qualitative methods. Five locations in England were purposively selected to represent the wider diabetes specialist community, and seven semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework analysis. Findings were compared with and contrasted to results from national quantitative surveys of diabetes specialist services undertaken in 2000 and 2006.ResultsClinicians viewed positively the expertise and commitment of multidisciplinary teams and their ability to adapt to new situations. Negative perceptions persisted throughout the decade, relating to the continual change that threatens to dismantle relationships and services which had taken many years to establish. Lack of resources, inadequate manpower planning and poor access to psychological support for people with diabetes remained constant themes from 2000 to 2011.ConclusionsA willingness to innovate and work differently to improve services was identified; however, clinicians must be supported through organizational changes to ensure people with diabetes receive high‐quality care. The disruptive nature of organizational change was a recurrent theme throughout the decade. Periods of stability must exist within commissioning to allow relationships, which are key to integration, to be maintained and permit service improvements to develop.
Lifestyle‐related risk factors and trajectories of work disability over 5 years in employees with diabetes: findings from two prospective cohort studies
Authors: Virtanen M. , Kivimäki M. , Zins M. , Dray‐Spira R. , Oksanen T. , Ferrie J. E. , Okuloff A. , Pentti J. , Head J. , Goldberg M. , Vahtera J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine work disability trajectories among employees with and without diabetes and identify lifestyle‐related factors associated with these trajectories.MethodsWe assessed work disability using records of sickness absence and disability pension among participants with diabetes and age‐ sex‐, socio‐economic status‐ and marital status‐matched controls in the Finnish Public Sector Study (1102 cases; 2204 controls) and the French GAZEL study (500 cases; 1000 controls), followed up for 5 years. Obesity, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption were assessed at baseline and the data analysed using group‐based trajectory modelling.ResultsFive trajectories described work disability: ‘no/very low disability’ (41.1% among cases and 48.0% among controls); ‘low–steady’ (35.4 and 34.7%, respectively); ‘high–steady’ (13.6 and 12.1%, respectively); and two ‘high–increasing’ trajectories (10.0 and 5.2%, respectively). Diabetes was associated with a ‘high–increasing’ trajectory only (odds ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.47–2.46). Obesity and low physical activity were similarly associated with high work disability in people with and without diabetes. Smoking was associated with ‘high–increasing’ trajectory in employees with diabetes (odds ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.21–2.93) but not in those without diabetes (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 0.87–2.00). Diabetes was associated with having multiple ( ≥ 2) risk factors (21.1 vs. 11.4%) but the association between multiple risk factors and the ‘high–increasing’ trajectory was similar in both groups.ConclusionsThe majority of employees with diabetes have low disability rates, although 10% are on a high and increasing disability trajectory. Lifestyle‐related risk factors have similar associations with disability among employees with and without diabetes, except smoking which was only associated with poorer prognosis in diabetes.
Influence of bed rest on plasma galanin and adrenomedullin at presyncope
Authors: O'Shea Daniel , Lackner Helmut K. , Rössler Andreas , Green David A. , Gauger Peter , Mulder Edwin , Tamma Grazia , Hinghofer‐Szalkay Helmut , Valenti Giovanna , Goswami Nandu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe role of hormones in reduced orthostatic tolerance following long‐term immobilization remains uncertain. We have previously shown that plasma concentrations of adrenomedullin and galanin, two peptides with vasodepressor properties, rise significantly during orthostatic challenge. We tested the hypothesis that bedrest immobilization increases the rise in adrenomedullin and galanin during orthostatic challenge leading to presyncope.Materials and methodsWe measured baseline (supine), presyncope and recovery (10 min postpresyncope, supine) levels of adrenomedullin and galanin in 8 healthy men, before and after 21 days of −6° head‐down bed rest (HDBR). Presyncope was elicited using a combined head‐up tilt and graded lower body negative pressure protocol. Orthostatic tolerance was defined as the time taken from the commencement of head‐up tilt to the development of presyncope.ResultsOrthostatic tolerance time after HDBR reduced by 8·36 ± 5·39 min (P = 0·0032). HDBR increased plasma adrenomedullin concentration to orthostatic challenge (P = 0·0367). Compared to pre‐HDBR, a significant rise in post‐HDBR presyncopal (P < 0·001) and recovery adrenomedullin concentration (P < 0·01) was demonstrated. In contrast, we observed no change in pre‐ and post‐HDBR galanin levels to orthostatic challenge.ConclusionsBedrest immobilization appears to affect adrenomedullin levels in that greater increases in adrenomedullin occur at presyncope following bedrest immobilization. Due to its peripheral vasculature hypotensive effect, the greater levels of adrenomedullin at presyncope following bedrest immobilization may have contributed to the reduced orthostatic capacity postbedrest.
Mild chronic graft‐versus‐host disease may alleviate poor prognosis associated with FLT3 internal tandem duplication for adult acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic stem cell transplantation with myeloablative conditioning in first complete remission: a retrospective study
Authors: Nasilowska‐Adamska Barbara , Czyz Anna , Markiewicz Miroslaw , Rzepecki Piotr , Piatkowska‐Jakubas Beata , Paluszewska Monika , Dzierzak‐Mietla Monika , Solarska Iwona , Borg Katarzyna , Prochorec‐Sobieszek Monika , Szydlo Richard , Lewandowski Krzysztof , Skotnicki Aleksander , Jedrzejczak Wieslaw Wiktor , Kyrcz‐Krzemien Slawomira , Komarnicki Mieczyslaw , Warzocha Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInternal tandem duplication (ITD) of the FLT3 gene (Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3) is the most commonly found mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The significance of FLT3‐ITD at diagnosis was retrospectively estimated for allo‐HSCT (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) outcomes in 140 patients, median age of 38, undergoing allo‐HSCT after myeloablative conditioning in first complete remission of AML. FLT3‐ITD was detected at AML diagnosis in 42/140 (30%) of included into this study patients. At 3 years, relapse incidence (RI) following allo‐HSCT in AML patients with intermediate or normal karyotype was significantly higher in those FLT3‐ITD positive than FLT3‐ITD negative [52.9 vs. 20.4%, P = 0.002]. Additionally, patients with mild chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD) had significantly lower RI compared to patients with moderate or severe grade cGvHD or those not experiencing cGvHD, respectively, 4.8 vs. 36.0 vs. 27.8%, P = 0.032. FLT3‐ITD was harboring a poor prognosis in AML with intermediate or normal karyotype and significantly increased risk of relapse following allo‐HSCT. It appears that allo‐HSCT does not cure patients with FLT3‐ITD, unless they develop symptoms of mild cGvHD and graft versus leukemia, which may decrease RI.
From mice to elephants: overturning the ‘one size fits all’ paradigm in marine plankton food chains
Authors: Boyce Daniel G. , Frank Kenneth T. , Leggett William C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is widely believed that consumer control is a weak regulator of marine phytoplankton communities. It remains unclear, however, why this should be the case when marine consumers routinely regulate their prey at higher trophic levels. One possibility is that the weak consumer control of phytoplankton communities results from the inability of field researchers to effectively account for consumer–prey trophic relationships operating at the scale of the plankton. We explored this issue by reviewing studies of trophic control in marine plankton. Experimental studies indicate that size is a critical determinant of feeding relationships among plankton. In sharp contrast, of the 51 field studies reviewed, 78% did not distinguish among the sizes or species of phytoplankton and their consumers, but instead assumed a general bulk phytoplankton–zooplankton trophic connection. Such an approach neglects the possibility that several trophic connections may separate the smallest phytoplankton (0.2 μm) from the larger zooplankton (~ 1000 μm), a remarkable size differential exceeding that between a mouse (~10 cm) and an elephant (~2500 cm). The size‐based approach we propose integrates theory, experiments and field observations and has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the causes and consequences of recently documented restructuring of plankton communities.
What can and can't we say about indirect land‐use change in Brazil using an integrated economic – land‐use change model?
Authors: Verstegen Judith A. , van der Hilst Floor , Woltjer Geert , Karssenberg Derek , de Jong Steven M. , Faaij André P. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is commonly recognized that large uncertainties exist in modelled biofuel‐induced indirect land‐use change, but until now, spatially explicit quantification of such uncertainties by means of error propagation modelling has never been performed. In this study, we demonstrate a general methodology to stochastically calculate direct and indirect land‐use change (dLUCandiLUC) caused by an increasing demand for biofuels, with an integrated economic – land‐use change model. We use the global Computable General Equilibrium model MAGNET, connected to the spatially explicit land‐use change modelPLUC. We quantify important uncertainties in the modelling chain. Next,dLUCandiLUCprojections for Brazil up to 2030 at different spatial scales and the uncertainty herein are assessed. Our results show that cell‐based (5 × 5 km2) probabilities ofdLUCrange from 0 to 0.77, and ofiLUCfrom 0 to 0.43, indicating that it is difficult to project exactly wheredLUCandiLUCwill occur, with more difficulties foriLUCthan fordLUC. At country level,dLUCarea can be projected with high certainty, having a coefficient of variation (cv) of only 0.02, whileiLUCarea is still uncertain, having a cv of 0.72. The latter means that, considering the 95% confidence interval, theiLUCarea in Brazil might be 2.4 times as high or as low as the projected mean. Because this confidence interval is so wide that it is likely to straddle any legislation threshold, our opinion is that threshold evaluation foriLUCindicators should not be implemented in legislation. For future studies, we emphasize the need for provision of quantitative uncertainty estimates together with the calculatedLUCindicators, to allow users to evaluate the reliability of these indicators and the effects of their uncertainty on the impacts of land‐use change, such as greenhouse gas emissions.
Fabrication of Gd2O2S: Pr, Ce, F Scintillation Ceramics by Pressureless Sintering in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yongsheng , Kou Huamin , Liu Shuping , Liu Wanpeng , Shi Yun , Li Jiang , Feng Xiqi , Pan Yubai , Guo Jingkun 
Published: April 2015

Gd2O2S: Pr, Ce, F ceramics with good scintillation properties were fabricated by pressureless sintering in nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of annealing temperature on the intensity of X‐ray excited luminescence and light output were investigated. The light output strongly depends on the thickness of Gd2O2S: Pr, Ce, F ceramics. Thermoluminescence properties of the samples were studied after X‐ray irradiation in the temperature range of 77–438 K.
Sex differences in the association between body mass index and hypertension – a cross‐sectional study in 717 812 adolescents
Authors: Gordon B. , Shamiss A. , Derazne E. , Tzur D. , Afek A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn order to examine sex‐specific differences in the association of body mass index (BMI) and hypertension, we conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 717 812 (402 914 men and 314 898 women) Israeli Jewish adolescents aged 16.0–19.99 years medically screened for military service. A diagnosis of hypertension was established per history or if a mean of 10 separate blood pressure measurements exceeded 140/90, following an initial measurement higher than 140/90. Weight and height were measured. Prevalence of hypertension was 0.42% in men and 0.05% in women. In men, BMI was significantly associated with hypertension from the third decile (odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 1.06–2.65) up to the 10th decile (OR 30.17, 20.83–43.69). In women, we observed a significantly increased risk for hypertension in the ninth decile (OR 3.82, 1.42–10.22) and in the 10th decile (OR 18.92, 7.7–46.51), with no visible trend in lower deciles. BMI effects on hypertension prevalence are different in male and female adolescents.
Failure of eruption of permanent molars: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Sharma Geetanjali , Kneafsey Louise , Ashley Paul , Noar Joseph 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundLimited studies have proposed protocols for the management of failure of eruption (FOE) of permanent molars with no clear consensus or guidelines. Accurate diagnosis is challenging but key for successful management.AimsConfirm key diagnostic criteria that will aid diagnostic differentiation between primary failure of eruption (PFE) and mechanical failure of eruption (MFE) of permanent molars and identify successful management strategies.DesignRetrospective descriptive study. Patients diagnosed with FOE of permanent molars (excluding impaction) between January 2003 and December 2013 were identified. Patient details and clinical and radiological features of FOE were recorded. Two examiners analysed the data. A diagnosis of PFE or MFE was made based on a combination of current protocols. Management strategies for each were identified and reported as satisfactory/unsatisfactory.ResultsThirty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen were classified as PFE and 14 as MFE. One patient was too young to confirm diagnosis, and one patient had delayed eruption. A total of 26% of cases were misdiagnosed which led to unsuccessful orthodontic management.ConclusionWe propose a protocol based on the results of this study coupled with existing protocols in the form of a simple flow diagram to aid accurate diagnosis and management of this rare and challenging clinical problem.
The perceptions of homeless people regarding their healthcare needs and experiences of receiving health care
Authors: Rae Bernadette Emma , Rees Sharon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo understand the perspective of the homeless about their healthcare encounters and how their experiences of receiving healthcare influence their health‐seeking behaviour.BackgroundA phenomenological study was undertaken because of the increasing levels of homelessness in the United Kingdom. Most of the current literature is American or Canadian.DesignAn interpretive phenomenological inquiry.MethodAn opportunistic sample of fourteen single homeless adults was recruited from one male hostel and one non‐residential day centre. Data collection was done in 2013. Semi‐structured audio‐recorded interviews were conducted one‐to‐one. Colaizzi's method for data analysis was used.FindingsThree major themes were identified. Expressed Health Need, Healthcare Experiences and Attitudes to health care. Health problems are recognized by the homeless but the need for intervention is not always prioritised. Obstacles in access to health care in the UK are both perceived (attitudes towards the homeless; previous bad experience) and actual (difficulty in registering with a general practitioner, difficulty travelling to services, being forced to move to new area). Some homeless people feel that they are treated with prejudice and receive substandard care. Positive healthcare experiences were also reported.ConclusionsPositive and negative healthcare encounters can profoundly affect the homeless. Recommendations: Address apparent inconsistency of care; promote greater interdisciplinary communication and referrals to homeless services from prisons and hospitals; increase the availability of intermediate services; reduce obligation of homeless to move area; research experiences of homeless families.
Satisfied or not satisfied: pain experiences of patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ezenwa Miriam O. , Molokie Robert E. , Wang Zaijie Jim , Suarez Marie L. , Yao Yingwei , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between pain and satisfaction in patients with sickle cell disease.BackgroundFrequency and severity of unrelieved sickle cell pain are positively associated with mortality. Yet, information is scarce on whether sickle cell patients are satisfied with their pain level.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational analysis of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial.MethodsA randomized sample of adult outpatients was recruited between February 2007–March 2011. Patients completed the PAINReportIt®, containing measures of pain, satisfaction and socio‐demographics. We analysed data using Kendall's rank correlations, analysis of variance, Tukey–Kramer post hoc tests, Fisher's tests and proportional odds logistic regression.ResultsThere were statistically significant correlations between pain outcomes and satisfaction with pain level, but average pain intensity more strongly discriminated groups based on satisfaction with pain level. Among pain variables bivariately associated with patient satisfaction with pain level, only pain expectation maintained its significant relationship with satisfaction with pain level when average pain intensity was controlled. A smaller percentage of our sickle cell patients reported moderate to severe pain intensity (28%) or high composite pain index (39%), while reporting being satisfied with pain their level than reported in earlier studies using different measures and populations (70‐94%).ConclusionSatisfaction with pain level was an unambiguous measure of patient satisfaction and a promising indicator of pain that did not show the paradoxical relationship between satisfaction and pain seen with past measures.
Peer Interactions among Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities during Group Activities
Authors: Nijs Sara , Penne Anneleen , Vlaskamp Carla , Maes Bea 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundChildren with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) meet other children with PIMD in day care centres or schools. This study explores the peer‐directed behaviours of children with PIMD, the peer interaction‐influencing behaviour of the direct support workers and the children's positioning.MethodGroup activities for children with PIMD initiated by a direct support worker were video‐recorded. The behaviour and positioning of the children and the behaviour of the direct support workers were coded.ResultsLimited peer‐directed behaviour of the children with PIMD and peer interaction‐influencing behaviour of the direct support workers are observed. Weak associations were found between the positioning or peer interaction‐influencing behaviours and the behaviour of children with PIMD.ConclusionsChildren with PIMD show social interest in each other during group activities. More knowledge is needed to create an environment which facilitates peer‐directed behaviours of persons with PIMD.
Phylogeography of the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) in north‐western North America reveals parallel phenotypic evolution across multiple coastal–inland colonizations
Authors: Dennenmoser Stefan , Nolte Arne W. , Vamosi Steven M. , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimGlacial cycles during the Pleistocene may have frequently contributed to parallel evolution of phenotypes across independently evolving genetic lineages associated with separate glacial refugia. Previous studies based on morphology suggested that the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in southern coastal and inland refugia, favouring allopatric divergence between coastal and inland prickling phenotypes, which vary in the degree to which spine‐like scales cover the body of the fish. Herein, we aimed to test whether parallel evolution across multiple genetic lineages rather than a single‐lineage origin of highly prickled inland sculpins could serve as an explanation for the biogeographical distribution of prickling phenotypes.LocationNorth‐western North America, Southeast Alaska and Canada (British Columbia).MethodsWe used data from mitochondrial haplotypes and 19 microsatellite loci to identify distinct genetic lineages as a basis to interpret patterns of phenotypic evolution.ResultsThe occurrence of multiple mtDNAgroups suggests that highly prickled inland phenotypes comprise more than one genetic lineage. Both mtDNAand microsatellite data are consistent with post‐glacial dispersal along the coast and repeated coastal to inland colonization events, as opposed to inland dispersal of a single lineage from a southern refugium to northern regions.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that highly prickled inland phenotypes evolved repeatedly following multiple inland colonization events, probably via coastal rivers. The prickly sculpin therefore provides an example of recent (post‐glacial) parallel evolution, potentially facilitated by standing genetic variation already present in the ancestral coastal populations.