bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus – An in vitro study
Authors: Kirthiga M. , Thomas George , Jose Sunil , Adarsh V. J. , Nair Saron 
Published: July 2024

Context:
The main objective of endodontic therapy is to achieve a sterile environment and three-dimensional filling of the root canals. Endodontic sealers play an important role in the obturation of the root canal system as they may provide a seal, which prevents the penetration of bacteria. Sealers are meant to entomb residual bacteria, prevent leakage of nutrients, and ideally possess antibacterial properties.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method.

Materials and Methods:
The materials were divided into four groups of nine samples each for both E. faecalis and S. aureus. Group I (control group) – MTA-Fillapex (Angelus), Group II – BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Group III – Bio-C Sealer (Angelus), and Group IV – Dia-Root Bio Sealer (Diadent). To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the samples, the agar diffusion method was utilized. To begin, a bacterial suspension was evenly spread onto sterile Petri dishes using sterile swabs. Four wells of 4 mm diameter were then punched, and the sealers were mixed following the manufacturer’s instructions and placed onto the prepared wells. The Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 72 h. After incubation, the zones of inhibition around each well were measured at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, and the resulting values were statistically analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analyzed using the ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results:
Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers showed significantly better efficacy than the control group. BioRoot RCS (3.44 ± 1.13 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against E. faecalis at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. Bio-C Sealer (16.44 ± 1.42 mm) showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h time intervals. The effectiveness of root canal sealants eventually decreased over a period. Based on analysis using the ANOVA test, a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was observed between the mean values of antimicrobial efficacy of sealers against both E. faeca
lis and S. aureus.

Conclusions:
The study’s findings lead to the conclusion that BioRoot RCS showed a maximum antibacterial effect against E
. faecal
is and Bio-C Sealer showed maximum antibacterial effect against S. aureus at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of two rotary and two reciprocating file systems
Authors: Srikumar G. P. V. , Gadbail Vaishnavi , Alexander Arvind Kumar , Nishad Geeta , Rahane Shripriya , Beautlin J. S. 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Root canal instrumentation is one of the important procedures for successful endodontic therapy. Unexpected fracture of files occurs during root canal instrumentation without any visible signs of deformation compromising the success of root canal treatment.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of rotary and reciprocating files in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature.

Settings and Design:
The study design was an In vitro study.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty nickel–titanium files, 30 each of rotary and reciprocating files were selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) of Neoendo Flex, ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Reciproc Blue (RPB) files. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing five samples each based on their use in simulated canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature. To simulate root canals with 45°, 60°, and 90° angle of curvature, three artificial canals were designed in a stainless steel metal block. Each file was autoclaved, immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and coated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each file was tested for CFR using a torque-controlled reduction handpiece by instrumenting in a simulated canal for 10 s until fracture. The cycle of autoclaving, exposure to NaOCl, EDTA, and testing of CFR for 10 s per canal as per groups and subgroups was repeated again and again until the respective file fracture. The time taken to file fracture was recorded using a digital chronometer. The time taken for each file fracture (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the number of cycles to failure (NCF).

Statistical Analysis Used:
The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.

Results:
One-way ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups, P < 0.001. Independent “t”-test between individual subgroups showed a statistically significant difference, as P < 0.05.

Conclusions:
WOG and RPB reciprocating file systems showed superior CFR, more especially in canals with abrupt 90° angle of curvature compared to both rotary file systems tested. Among rotary file systems tested, Neoendo Flex showed greater CFR than ProTaper Next.
Symptoms and coronary risk factors predictive of adverse cardiac events in chest pain patients in an Asian emergency department: the need for a local prediction score
Authors: Lin Ziwei , Lim Swee Han , Yap Qai Ven , Kow Cheryl Shumin , Chan Yiong Huak , Chua Siang Jin Terrance , Venkataraman Anantharaman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical assessment is pivotal in diagnosing acute coronary syndrome. Our study aimed to identify clinical characteristics predictive of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in an Asian population and to derive a risk score for MACE.

Methods:
Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain and non-diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiograms were recruited. Clinical history was recorded in a predesigned template. Random glucose and direct low-density lipoprotein measurements were taken, in addition to serial troponin. We derived the age, coronary risk factors (CRF), sex and symptoms (ACSS) risk score based on multivariate analysis results, considering age, CRF, sex and symptoms and classifying patients into very low, low, moderate and high risk for MACE. Comparison was made with the ED Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS) and the history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, troponin (HEART) score. We also modified the HEART score with the CRF that we had identified. The outcomes were 30-day and 1-year MACE.

Results:
There were a total of 1689 patients, with 172 (10.2%) and 200 (11.8%) having 30-day and 1-year MACE, respectively. Symptoms predictive of MACE included central chest pain, radiation to the jaw/neck, associated diaphoresis, and symptoms aggravated by exertion and relieved by glyceryl trinitrate. The ACSS score had an area under the curve of 0.769 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.735–0.803) and 0.760 (95% CI: 0.727–0.793) for 30-day and 1-year MACE, respectively, outperforming EDACS. Those in the very-low-risk and low-risk groups had <1% risk of 30-day MACE.

Conclusion:
The ACSS risk score shows potential for use in the local ED or primary care setting, potentially reducing unnecessary cardiac investigations and admission.
Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a feasible and safe choice for primary hepatocellular carcinoma located at favorable location during the development period of a tertiary hospital: A case–control study
Authors: Lee Yi-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Ting , Kuo Tsai-Ling , Lee Ming-Che , Chen Yen-Cheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been well known for its advantages in the past 10 years, but little is known regarding its oncologic outcomes while the technique is being developed at an institution. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of LH for patients with primary HCC at favorable locations, focusing on postoperative short- and long-term outcomes during the development period.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with primary HCC who underwent hepatectomy between January 2013 and December 2019 at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. Patients with HCC at favorable locations (anterolateral segments) were collected and divided into laparoscopic and open hepatectomy (OH) groups. The data for long-term outcomes, as the primary endpoint, and postoperative outcomes, as the secondary endpoint, were collected.

Results:
The review included 159 patients, among which 42 and 44 patients in favorable locations underwent open and laparoscopic hepatectomies, respectively. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, major complication rate, and 90-day mortality rate between the two groups. The laparoscopic group had a lower transfusion rate, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission rate. There were no significant differences in 12-, 36-, and 60-month overall survival and disease-free survival.

Conclusion:
LH for favorably located HCC is the preferred surgical approach compared to OH due to the decreased transfusion rate, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and lower 90-day readmission rate. LH did not compromise the 90-day mortality rate with sustained long-term overall and disease-free survival. LH for favorably located HCC is a safe and effective surgical approach even during the development period.
Abducens palsy with facial nerve palsy: A rare clinical presentation
Authors: Jayasri P. , Stephen Mary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multiple cranial nerve palsies are commonly due to brainstem lesions and the presence of abducens nerve palsy with peripheral facial nerve palsy is very rare and the exact etiologies are not defined. Very few reports of pontine infarct are associated with the condition. We report a young male presented with sudden onset diplopia with left-side abduction deficit and inadequate eyelid closure of the left eye. Upon evaluation, it was found to have high blood pressure recordings and imaging revealed the presence of an ipsilateral pontine infarct. The patient was managed with antihypertensives and antiplatelet agents and symptomatic resolution was found after 2 months of follow-up.
This report describes a very rare association of abducens and facial nerve palsy in pontine infarct and to our best knowledge only a few reports are available on the same.
Understanding corneal dysgenesis: A brief review
Authors: Stephen Mary , Periyandavan Jayasri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Corneal dysgenesis encompasses a spectrum of congenital disorders affecting the development and structure of the cornea, leading to a range of visual impairments. This review provides a thorough examination of current research in the understanding of corneal dysgenesis, shedding light on its genetic basis, molecular mechanisms, and clinical manifestations. Additionally, the review discusses the impact of corneal dysgenesis on patient outcomes and quality of life, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in diagnosis and management. By synthesizing recent findings, this study aims to contribute to the collective knowledge base, fostering further research, and ultimately enhancing our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent corneal dysgenesis.
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES): Brief review of genetics, clinical presentation, and management
Authors: Jayasri Periyandavan , Stephen Mary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare genetic disorder characterized primarily by four distinct features including telecanthus. BPES is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the FOXL2 gene located on chromosome 3q23. Two types of BPES has been described, type 1 BPES with ovarian insufficiency and type 2 with only major ocular features. Various other associations including lid dysplasia, strabismus, refractive error and lacrimal duct anomalies are noted. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of BPES syndrome, including its genetics, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and management options.
Advancements in antiglaucoma medications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Moudgil Tania , Gupta Deepti 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Glaucoma is a common ocular condition that has permanent effects and is a serious threat to everyone’s vision health. The course of the disease is still significantly influenced by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), also known as eye pressure. This emphasizes the significance of effective use of medications to treat this illness. Significant progress has been made in the development of glaucoma medications over time. There are several different ways to lower IOP using these drugs. This in-depth analysis examines the evolving field of pharmacological glaucoma treatments, covering a range of drug classes including beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and rho kinase inhibitors. The mode of action, clinical effectiveness, and safety issues of each drug category are studied.
Dhami’s diamond-dusted ILM (DIP) forceps: The initial experience
Authors: Dhami Abhinav , Dhami Nimrata Bajaj , Dhami Gobinder Singh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Dhami’s diamond-dusted internal limiting membrane (ILM) forceps.

METHODS:
ILM peeling is now a widely recognized technique routinely used to treat traction maculopathies and requires additional intraoperative agents, instruments, and an adequate learning curve to prevent complications such as nerve fiber layer defects and iatrogenic eccentric retinal holes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The authors present their initial experience with a novel instrument for peeling ILM, in which the outer surface and tip of ILM forceps are dusted with diamond to create a rough surface that helps in scraping the membrane and simultaneously allows the surgeon to peel the membrane adequately with minimal damage to the retinal surface.
Association between glucose levels of children with type 1 diabetes and parental economic status in mobile health application
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hao , Wang Chao-Fan , Wang Hao , Tang Jie , Zhang Hong-Qiang , Zhu Jiang-Yu , Zheng Xue-Ying , Luo Si-Hui , Ding Yu 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.
AIM
To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.
METHODS
Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community, Tang-TangQuan®. Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income. Children were divided into three groups: Low-income (< 30000 Yuan), middle-income (30000-100000 Yuan), and high-income (> 100000 yuan) (1 Yuan = 0.145 United States Dollar approximately). Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman’s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
From September 2015 to August 2022, 1406 eligible children with T1D were included (779 female, 55.4%). Median age was 8.1 years (Q1-Q3: 4.6-11.6) and duration of T1D was 0.06 years (0.02-0.44). Participants were divided into three groups: Low-income (n = 320), middle-income (n = 724), and high-income (n = 362). Baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were comparable among the three groups (P = 0.072). However, at month 36, the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels (P = 0.036). Within three years after registration, glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups. Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose (r = -0.272, P = 0.012). After adjustment for confounders, parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels (odds ratio = 13.02, 95%CI: 1.99 to 126.05, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status. It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.
Magnetic resonance imaging combined with serum endolipin and galactagoglobin-3 to diagnose cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Yan-Hui , Liang Dong 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3 (Gal-3) can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.
AIM
To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus, including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups. Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins, and Gal-3, and cranial MRI was performed at admission. Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters.
RESULTS
Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group (P < 0.05). The arterial wall area, vessel area, normalized wall index, and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group, while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher (36.36%, P < 0.05). The percentage of large (29.03%) and multiple infarcts (33.87%) in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher (13.64% and 20.45%), and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower (37.10% vs 65.91%) (P < 0.05). The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher (69.32%), while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06% higher (26.14%) (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques. MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve, the Yoden index, sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend, and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe. MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci. This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.
Glymphatic function and its influencing factors in different glucose metabolism states
Authors: Tian Bin , Zhao Chen , Liang Jia-Li , Zhang Hui-Ting , Xu Yi-Fan , Zheng Hui-Lei , Zhou Jia , Gong Jiang-Nian , Lu Shu-Ting , Zeng Zi-San 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Dysfunction of the glymphatic system in the brain in different stages of altered glucose metabolism and its influencing factors are not well characterized.
AIM
To investigate the function of the glymphatic system and its clinical correlates in patients with different glucose metabolism states, the present study employed diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index.
METHODS
Sample size was calculated using the pwr package in R software. This cross-sectional study enrolled 22 patients with normal glucose metabolism (NGM), 20 patients with prediabetes, and 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the function of the glymphatic system. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to assess general cognitive function. The DTI-ALPS index of bilateral basal ganglia and the mean DTI-ALPS index was calculated. Further, the correlation between DTI-ALPS and clinical features was assessed.
RESULTS
The left-side, right-side, and mean DTI-ALPS index in the T2DM group were significantly lower than that in the NGM group. The right-side DTI-ALPS and mean DTI-ALPS index in the T2DM group were significantly lower than those in the prediabetes group. DTI-ALPS index lateralization was not observed. The MMSE score in the T2DM group was significantly lower than that in the NGM and prediabetes group. After controlling for sex, the left-side DTI-ALPS and mean DTI-ALPS index in the prediabetes group were positively correlated with 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level; the left-side DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level. The right-side DTI-ALPS and mean DTI-ALPS index were negatively correlated with the glycosylated hemoglobin level and waist-to-hip ratio in the prediabetes group. The left-side, right-side, and mean DTI-ALPS index in the T2DM group were positively correlated with height. The left-side and mean DTI-ALPS index in the T2DM group were negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein levels.
CONCLUSION
Cerebral glymphatic system dysfunction may mainly occur in the T2DM stage. Various clinical variables were found to affect the DTI-ALPS index in different glucose metabolism states. This study enhances our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic brain damage and provides some potential biological evidence for its early diagnosis.
Does type 1 diabetes serve as a protective factor against inflammatory bowel disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tong Ke-Ke , Yu Yun-Feng , Yang Xin-Yu , Wu Jing-Yi , Yu Rong , Tan Chuan-Chuan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
The impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear.
AIM
To analyze the causal relationship between T1D and IBD using Mendelian ran-domization (MR).
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms were sourced from FinnGen for T1D, IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Inverse variance-weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median tests were used to assess exposure-outcome causality. The MR-Egger intercept was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Co-chran’s Q and leave-one-out method were used to analyze heterogeneity and sensitivity, respectively.
RESULTS
Our MR analysis indicated that T1D was associated with a reduced risk of IBD [odds ratio (OR): 0.959; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.938-0.980; P < 0.001] and UC (OR: 0.960; 95%CI: 0.929-0.992; P = 0.015), with no significant association observed in terms of CD risk (OR: 0.966; 95%CI: 0.913-1.022; P = 0.227). The MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05). Cochran’s Q and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses showed that the results were not heterogeneous (P > 0.05) and were robust.
CONCLUSION
This MR analysis suggests that T1D serves as a potential protective factor against IBD and UC but is independent of CD.