bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REM sleep breathing: Insights beyond conventional respiratory metrics
Authors: Thomas Robert Joseph 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBreathing and sleep state are tightly linked. The traditional approach to evaluation of breathing in rapid eye movement sleep has been to focus on apneas and hypopneas, and associated hypoxia or hypercapnia. However, rapid eye movement sleep breathing offers novel insights into sleep physiology and pathology, secondary to complex interactions of rapid eye movement state and cardiorespiratory biology. In this review, morphological analysis of clinical polysomnogram data to assess respiratory patterns and associations across a range of health and disease is presented. There are several relatively unique insights that may be evident by assessment of breathing during rapid eye movement sleep. These include the original discovery of rapid eye movement sleep and scoring of neonatal sleep, control of breathing in rapid eye movement sleep, rapid eye movement sleep homeostasis, sleep apnea endotyping and pharmacotherapy, rapid eye movement sleep stability, non‐electroencephalogram sleep staging, influences on cataplexy, mimics of rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, a reflection of autonomic health, and insights into cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In summary, there is rich clinically actionable information beyond sleep apnea encoded in the respiratory patterns of rapid eye movement sleep.
Education for Sustainability: The Role of Education and Neurosciences
Authors: Batista Patrícia , Ribeiro Pedro , Moreno Ana , Oliveira‐Silva Patrícia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concept of sustainability has been gaining prominence due to its social, economic, and environmental implications. The urgency surrounding this issue continues to mount as we strive to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda. To achieve these goals, it is imperative to harness scientific knowledge and innovative educational approaches. Pedagogical approaches can be a powerful ally to behavioral change, playing a decisive role in educating sustainable communities. Concurrently, neuroscientific basis has been used as a relevant tool to foster knowledge on human behavior, namely value attribution and decision‐making. In this work, we emphasize the construction of 1‐day workshops with high school students, focusing on neuro‐based processes underlying sustainable choices. Several innovative pedagogical methods have been employed to encourage the development of critical knowledge and promote the adoption of more sustainable behavior. This article discusses the connection between sustainable consumption and neuroscience, highlighting the vital role of education in shaping the consciousness of responsible citizens. The diversity of educational activities, the stimulation of creativity, and critical thinking cannot only improve the acquisition of concepts but also contribute to the education of citizens who are informed and capable of making responsible and conscious decisions.
Single generation epigenetic change in captivity and reinforcement in subsequent generations in a delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) conservation hatchery
Authors: Habibi Ensieh , Miller Michael R. , Schreier Andrea , Campbell Matthew A. , Hung Tien‐Chieh , Gille Daphne , Baerwald Melinda , Finger Amanda J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA refugial population of the endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) has been maintained at the Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory (FCCL) at UC Davis since 2008. Despite intense genetic management, fitness differences between wild and cultured fish have been observed at the FCCL. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of hatchery domestication, we used whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing to quantify epigenetic differences between wild and hatchery‐origin delta smelt. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified from 104 individuals by comparing the methylation patterns in different generations of hatchery fish (G1, G2, G3) with their wild parents (G0). We discovered a total of 132 significant DMRs (p < .05) between G0 and G1, 132 significant DMRs between G0 and G2, and 201 significant DMRs between G0 and G3. Our results demonstrate substantial differences in methylation patterns emerged between the wild and hatchery‐reared fish in the early generations in the hatchery, with a higher proportion of hypermethylated DMRs in hatchery‐reared fish. The rearing environment was found to be a stronger predictor of individual clustering based on methylation patterns than family, sex or generation. Our study indicates a reinforcement of the epigenetic status with successive generations in the hatchery environment, as evidenced by an increase in methylation in hypermethylated DMRs and a decrease in methylation in hypomethylated DMRs over time. Lastly, our results demonstrated heterogeneity in inherited methylation pattern in families across generations. These insights highlight the long‐term consequences of hatchery practices on the epigenetic landscape, potentially impacting wild fish populations.
Recurrent ischemic strokes and elevated CA125 levels in a patient with Meigs syndrome: A case report
Authors: Takahashi Hisashi , Yasuda Rei , Kubota‐Hanya Misaki , Kitani Keisuke , Yamashita Suguru , Kuroboshi Haruo , Honda Mizuki , Imura Tetsuya , Ohara Tomoyuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 72‐year‐old woman developed left hemiparesis, and her initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple acute ischemic lesions. Although she was treated with antithrombotic therapies, follow‐up MRI showed a recurrent small ischemic stroke. Her serum CA125 level was markedly elevated, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) and MRI showed a pelvic mass lesion with pleural effusions and ascites, suggesting malignant ovarian tumor associated with Trousseau's syndrome. However, the surgical resection specimens were pathologically diagnosed as benign ovarian fibroma and serous cystadenoma, and she was finally diagnosed as having Meigs syndrome. This case suggested that Meigs syndrome with elevated CA125 levels might play a role in the development of recurrent ischemic strokes.
Recent advances in cancer therapy‐associated oral mucositis
Authors: Abdalla‐Aslan Ragda , Keegan Rebeca , Zadik Yehuda , Yarom Noam , Elad Sharon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOral mucositis (OM) is a common and debilitating toxicity of cancer treatments – chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hematopoietic cell transplant, or combinations. OM is associated with severe oral pain and has negative impacts on patient function and quality of life. Additionally, OM has accompanying systemic complications that may have critical implications. These local and systemic consequences can alter cancer treatment, and add an economic burden. This review covers the clinical presentation and course of OM, differential diagnosis, clinical and economic impacts, pathogenesis, risk factors, assessment measures, biomarkers and prediction of OM, management, research advances in the development of new drugs and treatments, and big data.
A quantitative study to assess cardiovascular risks among older African American women living in rural black belt areas of Alabama
Authors: Andrabi Mudasir , Key Betty , Francisco Marqus , Jeremiah Matthews , Mumba Mercy , Radhakrishnan Kavita , Ball Karlene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLimited information is available regarding the knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors and the actual risk behaviors among African American (AA) older women living in rural areas of Alabama. A pilot study of needs assessment for CVD prevention behaviors was conducted to collect such data from rural AA women. This paper reports the quantitative part of the needs assessment of this pilot study. We recruited participants (N = 30) using convenience sampling. Data collection measures included: i) American Heart Association's CVD‐related knowledge questionnaire, ii) Five Times Sit to Stand Test to measure dynamic balance and iii) Six minute walk test (6MWT) to assess exercise endurance iv) standard weighing scale to measure body weight and v) standard measurements scale to measure height. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The majority (76%) of participants had hypertension (70%), diabetes (60%), poor balance (70%), and low exercise endurance (100%). Most of the participants had low knowledge related to CVD risk factors. This study demonstrated the need to conduct a large‐scale study to assess knowledge related to heart health and the actual needs and preferences of these individuals. Conducting such a study would lay the foundation for developing a need‐based program for these underserved individuals while incorporating their preferences and the strategies that would help engage them in a heart health intervention.
Effect of simulated extreme rainfall on the vegetative phenology of perennial and annual herbaceous plants from a Brazilian dry forest
Authors: Aguiar B. A. de S. , Lopes C. G. R. , de Sousa G. M. , e Medeiros M. J. L. , da Silva K. A. , Araújo E. de L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Detecting changes in the phenological responses of herbaceous species as a function of predicted climate change is important for forecasting future scenarios for the functioning of dry tropical forests, especially when predicting an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts. Because of the sensitivity of plants to water availability, our study hypothesizes that if years become drier or wetter, herbaceous plants will synchronously change the onset, duration, and intensity of their vegetative phenophases.

We used a historical series of 60 years of precipitation observations for the Caatinga vegetation to define daily average of precipitation for rainy (Twet), median (Tcontrol), and dry (Tdry) years. We simulated past average daily rainfall (Twet, Tcontrol, and Tdry) while growing two herbaceous perennials and two herbaceous annuals. We monitored plant growth and measured the activity (absence or presence) and intensity of vegetative phenophases. We used circular statistical analysis to assess differences between treatments.

Our results revealed that leaf production was seasonal but relatively uniform for perennial species and highly seasonal (wet season) for annual species. Simulated dry years induced lower leaf emergence concentrated over a few months in annual species, but this effect was more strongly significant in one of the two perennial species. Both annual and perennial species can experience delayed and less intense leaf abscission during the rainy season in years with below‐average precipitation. In contrast, large voluminous rains in years with above‐average precipitation can accelerate and intensify the process of leaf renewal.

If future precipitation reductions occur, the changes in phenological response indicate that the cover of annual and perennial herbaceous species in this study will likely decrease, altering the landscape and functioning of dry tropical forests. However, the potential trade‐offs observed may help populations of these species to persist during years of severe drought in the Caatinga.
Role of cell wall polysaccharides in water distribution during seed imbibition of Hymenaea courbaril L.
Authors: Grandis A. , Santos H. P. , Tonini P. P. , Salles I. S. , Peres A. S. C. , Carpita N. C. , Buckeridge M. S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Seed water imbibition is critical to seedling establishment in tropical forests. The seeds of the neotropical tree Hymenaea courbaril have no oil reserves and have been used as a model to study storage cell wall polysaccharide (xyloglucan – XyG) mobilization.
We studied pathways of water imbibition in Hymenaea seeds. To understand seed features, we performed carbohydrate analysis and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the seed coat comprises a palisade of lignified cells, below which are several cell layers with cell walls rich in pectin. The cotyledons are composed mainly of storage XyG. From a single point of scarification on the seed surface, we followed water imbibition pathways in the entire seed using fluorescent dye and NMRi spectroscopy. We constructed composites of cellulose with Hymenaea pectin or XyG. In vitro experiments demonstrated cell wall polymer capacity to imbibe water, with XyG imbibition much slower than the pectin‐rich layer of the seed coat.
We found that water rapidly crosses the lignified layer and reaches the pectin‐rich palisade layer so that water rapidly surrounds the whole seed. Water travels very slowly in cotyledons (most of the seed mass) because it is imbibed in the XyG‐rich storage walls. However, there are channels among the cotyledon cells through which water travels rapidly, so the primary cell walls containing pectins will retain water around each storage cell.
The different seed tissue dynamic interactions between water and wall polysaccharides (pectins and XyG) are essential to determining water distribution and preparing the seed for germination.
Largest hyperbolic action of 3‐manifold groups
Authors: Abbott Carolyn , Nguyen Hoang Thanh , Rasmussen Alexander J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe set of equivalence classes of cobounded actions of a group on different hyperbolic metric spaces carries a natural partial order. Following Abbott–Balasubramanya–Osin, the group is ‐accessible if the resulting poset has a largest element. In this paper, we prove that every nongeometric 3‐manifold has a finite cover with ‐inaccessible fundamental group and give conditions under which the fundamental group of the original manifold is ‐inaccessible. We also prove that every Croke–Kleiner admissible group (a class of graphs of groups that generalizes fundamental groups of three‐dimensional graph manifolds) has a finite index subgroup that is ‐inaccessible.
Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Responses of a Floating Rod Pendulum
Authors: Al-Solihat Mohammed Khair 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A novel nonlinear dynamics model is developed in this paper to describe the static and dynamic nonlinear behaviors of a rod pendulum partially immersed in still water. The pendulum is hinged above the water level (WL) and subject to nonlinear gravity, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic loads, all of which are incorporated into the system dynamics. The nonlinear static behavior and stability of the pendulum have been characterized by analyzing the fixed points. It is found that Pitchfork bifurcation governs the relationship between the rod density (the control parameter) and the static equilibrium angle. The pendulum's nonlinear response to external harmonic torque is obtained using harmonic balance method (HBM). The influence of system parameters, including hinge height, rod diameter, and rod density, on the nonlinear frequency response is examined. Upon altering the system parameters, particularly the rod density, it is found that the system exhibits either a softening or a hardening effect.
Draft genome sequence of
Penicillium citrinum
B9, a plant growth-promoting symbiont from barley rhizosphere
Authors: Lau Kenny J. X. , Selvaraj Poonguzhali , Muralishankar Vayutha , Chen Cheng-Yen , Muruganantham Sahanna , Naqvi Naweed I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Penicillium citrinum
strain B9 is a plant growth-promoting fungus isolated from Barley (Hordeum vulgare) rhizosphere. We report the first draft genome of
P. citrinum
B9 assembled using single-molecule real-time sequencing and Illumina reads. The assembled genome spans 31.3 Mb comprising nine contigs and 10,106 protein-encoding genes.
The C886T Mutation in the Th Gene Reduces the Activity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Alsalloum Ismail , Moskaliuk Vitalii S. , Rakhov Ilya A. , Bazovkina Daria V. , Kulikov Alexander V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the initial and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Mutations in the human TH gene are associated with hereditary motor disorders. The common C886T mutation identified in the mouse Th gene results in the R278H substitution in the enzyme molecule. We investigated the impact of this mutation on the TH activity in the mouse midbrain. The TH activity in the midbrain of Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) mice homozygous for the 886C allele was higher compared to C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice homozygous for the 886T allele. Notably, this difference in the enzyme activity was not associated with changes in the Th gene mRNA levels and TH protein content. Analysis of the TH activity in the midbrain in mice from the F2 population obtained by crossbreeding of C57BL/6 and CAST mice revealed that the 886C allele is associated with a high TH activity. Moreover, this allele showed complete dominance over the 886T allele. However, the C886T mutation did not affect the levels of TH protein in the midbrain. These findings demonstrate that the C886T mutation is a major genetic factor determining the activity of TH in the midbrain of common laboratory mouse strains. Moreover, it represents the first common spontaneous mutation in the mouse Th gene whose influence on the enzyme activity has been demonstrated. These results will help to understand the role of TH in the development of adaptive and pathological behavior, elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of TH, and explore pharmacological agents for modulating its function.
Exploring patient experiences of surveillance for pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a qualitative study
Authors: Reeve Ruth , Foster Claire , Brindle Lucy 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are considered premalignant conditions to pancreatic adenocarcinoma with varying degrees of cancerous potential. Management for individuals who do not require surgical treatment involves surveillance to assess for cancerous progression. Little is known about patients’ experience and the impact of living with surveillance for these lesions.AimsTo explore the experiences of patients living with surveillance for PCNs.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients under surveillance for pancreatic cystic neoplasms in the UK. Age, gender, time from surveillance and surveillance method were used to purposively sample the patient group. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsA PCN diagnosis is incidental and unexpected and for some, the beginning of a disruptive experience. How patients make sense of their PCN diagnosis is influenced by their existing understanding of pancreatic cancer, explanations from clinicians and the presence of coexisting health concerns. A lack of understanding of the diagnosis and its meaning for their future led to an overarching theme of uncertainty for the PCN population. Surveillance for PCN could be seen as a reminder of fears of PCN and cancer, or as an opportunity for reassurance.ConclusionsCurrently, individuals living with surveillance for PCNs experience uncertainty with a lack of support in making sense of a prognostically uncertain diagnosis with no immediate treatment. More research is needed to identify the needs of this population to make improvements to patient care and reduce negative experiences.
Willingness to get vaccinated initially and yearly against COVID-19 and its association with vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being: a cross-sectional study in UK adults
Authors: Kale Dimitra , Shoesmith Emily , Herbec Aleksandra , Shahab Lion 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study explores the association between vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being with (1) receipt of/willingness to receive an initial vaccine against COVID-19, and (2) willingness to get vaccinated yearly against COVID-19. The importance of different vaccine attributes (eg, vaccine technology, effectiveness, side effects) to choose a specific COVID-19 vaccine was also assessed.DesignCross-sectional survey administered during May to June 2021 on vaccine hesitancy, vaccine knowledge, psychological well-being, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines, sociodemographics and COVID-19-related factors.SettingUK.ParticipantsA self-selected sample of 1408 adults.Outcome measuresReceipt of/willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine for the first time and yearly.ResultsReceipt of/willingness to receive a vaccine against COVID-19 initially and yearly were high (97.0% and 86.6%, respectively). Vaccine hesitancy was negatively associated with receipt of/willingness to receive vaccine initially/yearly (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.26, p<0.001/aOR=0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.09, p<0.001). Vaccine knowledge and psychological well-being were positively associated with willingness to receive a yearly vaccine (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.29, p<0.001 and aOR=1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.51, p=0.014, respectively), and general vaccine knowledge also with receipt of/willingness to receive vaccine initially (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.42, p=0.004). Vaccine effectiveness was the most important attribute for participants to choose a specific COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionsImproving vaccine knowledge and emphasising vaccine efficacy may minimise vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Assessing healthcare workers’ confidence level in diagnosing and managing emerging infectious virus of human mpox in hospitals in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia: multicentre institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Yeshiwas Almaw Genet , Temesegen Abathun , Melkie Gashaw , Tsega Tilahun Degu , Mola Abebaw , Tesfa Hiwot , Shimels Aschale , Asmamaw Mengist , Shiferaw Anley , Tsegaye Dejen , Muchie Esubalew , Tesfaye Derseh , Yenew Chalachew 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) confidence level in diagnosing and managing mpox disease and its associated factors in hospitals in the Amhara Region.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study.SettingHospitals in the Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 640 HCWs, with a response rate of 96.9%, participated from 1 October to 30 December 2022. A multistage stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected using the KoboCollect toolbox and exported to STATA V.17 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of confidence level to diagnose and manage mpox at p<0.05.Primary outcomeHCWs’ confidence level in diagnosing and managing mpox disease and its associated factors.ResultsThe overall proportion of HCWs who had high confidence level in diagnosing and managing mpox disease was found to be 31.5% (95% CI: 27.9%, 35.2%). Similarly, 26.8% (95% CI: 23.2%, 30.3%) and 41.8% (95% CI: 38.1%, 45.4%) of HCWs expressed medium and low confidence level to diagnose and manage the disease, respectively. The odds of higher confidence versus lower or medium confidence level in diagnosing and managing mpox were greater for HCWs who regularly visit amenable websites (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.59, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.2), were physicians (AOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.73), were aged 30–35 years old (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.39), had got public health emergency epidemic disease management training (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.94, 4.04) and had positive attitudes (AOR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.36) compared with their counterparts.ConclusionThe overall confidence level of HCWs in diagnosing and managing mpox disease in the study area was low. Therefore, the HCWs should be regularly updated about mpox disease through morning sessions and training in the diagnosis and clinical management of mpox disease including infection prevention and control.