bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTORY, THEORETICISM, AND THE LIMITS OF “THE POSTSECULAR”1
Authors: Megill Allan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this collection of critical essays, Dominick LaCapra, with characteristic verve, takes on a variety of authors who have addressed issues relating to intellectual history, history generally, violence, trauma, and the relation between the human and the animal. LaCapra offers two types of criticism—of historians for ignoring or misappropriating theory, and of theorists for engaging in “theoreticism,” a theorizing that rides roughshod over historical specificity and context. The present essay focuses on LaCapra's discussion of the theoreticism of the critical theorists Giorgio Agamben, Eric L. Santner, and Slavoj Žižek, and in particular on their and LaCapra's attempts to engage with the “issue of the postsecular.” Although Agamben, Santner, and Žižek highlight some important and provocative issues, this brand of critical theory provides too limited a base for coming to an understanding of current debates over the relation between religion and secular perspectives. Instead, one must approach “postsecularity” with attentiveness to the larger “secularization debate,” and to the way the term postsecular is used by such writers as Jürgen Habermas and John Milbank. LaCapra rightly draws attention to the recent emergence of a discourse of “the postsecular.” Both the term and the concept now cry out for a deeper, more critical, and more historical examination than has so far been attempted.
HISTORY AND THE MANIFEST IMAGE: HAYDEN WHITE AS A PHILOSOPHER OF HISTORY1
Authors: Roth Paul A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTTo claim that Hayden White has yet to be read seriously as a philosopher of history might seem false on the face of it. But do tropes and the rest provide any epistemic rationale for differing representations of historical events found in histories? As an explanation of White's influence on philosophy of history, such a proffered emphasis only generates a puzzle with regard to taking White seriously, and not an answer to the question of why his efforts should be worthy of any philosophical attention at all. For what makes his emphasis on narrative structure and its associated tropes of philosophical relevance? What, it may well be asked, did (or could) any theory that draws its categories from a stock provided by literary criticism contribute to explicating problems with regard to the warranting of claims about knowledge, explanation, or causation that represent those concerns that philosophy typically brings to this field? Robert Doran's anthologizing of previously uncollected pieces, ranging as they do over a literal half‐century of White's published work, offers an opportunity to identify explicitly those philosophical themes and arguments that regularly and prominently feature there. Moreover, White's essays in this volume demonstrate a credible knowledge of and interest in mainstream analytic philosophers of his era and also reveal White as deeply influenced by or well acquainted with other important philosophers of history. White thus invites a reading of his work as philosophy, and this volume presents the opportunity for accepting it as such.
A Parcel Shape Index for Use in Land Consolidation Planning
Authors: Demetriou Demetris , See Linda , Stillwell John 
Published: February 2013

AbstractArea shape analysis has been a subject of focus for research in geography and other disciplines for many years. However, existing area shape indices present significant weaknesses for the analysis of land parcels in an agricultural context as they do not measure shape in an appropriate, reliable or explicit manner. This article presents a new parcel shape index (PSI) which integrates six geometric parameters through multi‐attribute decision‐making, combined with value functions for parameter standardization. The superior performance of the new PSI in relation to three existing indices is demonstrated through a case study area in Cyprus. The methodology can be applied in other contexts aimed at assessing the quality of a particular shape compared to an optimum.
What Was ‘New’ About Neoliberalism?
Authors: Coleman William 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article advances an interpretation of the core contribution of neoliberalism to the liberal tradition. At the hands of neoliberal thinkers, the classical liberalism ofLocke, Smith and Mill underwent a reconstruction involving certain re‐conceptualisations of individual and political freedom, which served to shift the crux of the case for classical liberalism from market success propositions to government failure propositions.
A Survey of Removable Partial Denture Casts and Major Connector Designs Found in Commercial Laboratories, Athens, Greece
Authors: Polychronakis Nick , Sotiriou Michael , Zissis Alcibiades 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurpose: This survey was conducted to study the prevalence of partial edentulism, the type of removable partial denture (RPD) support, the type of major connectors, and the frequency of their use in relation to the partial edentulism classes encountered, concerning patients in Athens, Greece.Materials and Methods: The material comprised 628 final casts for RPDs. Each cast was photographed in a way that would allow the number of existing teeth, the classification of partial edentulism, the RPD support, and the particular parts of the metal framework to be identified. Data collected were analyzed statistically using prevalence tables and the χ2 test.Results: Two hundred seventy six (43.9%) casts were for the maxilla and 352 (56.1%) for the mandible. The most frequently encountered group was Kennedy class I for both arches, while class IV was the classification least encountered (p < 0.001). Of all RPDs constructed, 96.8% had a metal framework (tooth‐borne and tooth/tissue‐borne), while 3.2% of the RPDs were frameless (tissue‐borne, acrylic dentures). The U‐shaped palatal connector (horseshoe) in the maxilla and the lingual bar in the mandible were the most frequently used for all partial edentulism classes, at 55.2% and 95%, respectively.Conclusions: Analysis of the casts revealed that the type of major connectors selected does not comply with the indications for their applications, considering the lack of dental history and clinical examination. This notes the need for further training dentists and dental technicians in aspects of RPD framework design.
Understanding Social Inequality in the Kidney Transplantation System
Authors: Daw Jonathan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe degree of racial inequality in transplantation outcomes is large and surprising in light of the commitment of the administrative institutions to maximizing allocative justice and to providing universal health coverage for those with kidney failure. This article adopts a sociological perspective which situates transplant candidates as participants in an allocative system with clearly defined distributive rules, while recognizing the permeation of other social institutions into this system. Taken together, the medical literature on social disparities in kidney transplantation and the social science literature on relevant processes suggest that social inequalities in kidney transplantation are produced through a combination of preexisting differences in traits made salient for inequality by the rules of the allocation system and group differences in the tendency to maximize their advantages within that system.
The Digital Practices of Mobile Phones
Authors: Graham Roderick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFrom a global perspective, the mobile phone is by far the most widely used information and communication technology (ICT). People in both developed and developing nations have found ways to integrate the mobile phone into their daily lives. Despite the ubiquity of the mobile phone, the cultural impact of the mobile phone in and of itself has not been a major topic within the sociology of culture. To this end, there are two goals of this paper. First, three common uses of the mobile phone are presented. To separate cultural practices associated with mobile phones from practices associated with other domains of social life, the term digital practices is used. Second, this paper will discuss the domestication of technology approach, and its applicability to the study of mobile phones. Identifying practices and providing a framework for interpreting these practices can help scholars interested in theorizing and teaching the cultural (as opposed to economic or technological) aspects of mobile telephony.
Treatment of Hemi‐Mandibulectomy Defect with Implant‐Supported Telescopic Removable Prosthesis. A Clinical Report
Authors: Ntounis Athanasios , Patras Michael , Pelekanos Stavros , Polyzois Gregory 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExcision of head and neck tumors (benign or malignant) often leads to large segmental resections of the mandible. The following clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 60‐year‐old Caucasian man after partial mandibulectomy due to primary oral leiomyosarcoma. Treatment consisted of a free fibula flap and an implant‐supported telescopic removable prosthesis.
A Comparative Study of the Accuracy between Plastic and Metal Impression Transfer Copings for Implant Restorations
Authors: Fernandez Monica A , Paez de Mendoza Carmen Y. , Platt Jeffrey A. , Levon John A. , Hovijitra Suteera T. , Nimmo Arthur 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeA precise transfer of the position and orientation of the antirotational mechanism of an implant to the working cast is particularly important to achieve optimal fit of the final restoration. This study evaluated and compared the accuracy of metal and plastic impression copings for use in a full‐arch mandibular edentulous simulation with four implants.Materials and MethodsMetal and plastic impression transfer copings for two implant systems, Nobel Biocare™ Replace and Straumann SynOcta®, were assessed on a laboratory model to simulate clinical practice. The accuracy of producing stone casts using these plastic and metal impression transfer copings was measured against a standard prosthetic framework consisting of a cast gold bar. A total of 20 casts from the four combinations were obtained. The fit of the framework on the cast was tested by a noncontact surface profilometer, the Proscan 3D 2000 A, using the one‐screw test. The effects of implant/system and impression/coping material on gap measurements were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsThe findings of this in vitro study were as follows: plastic copings demonstrated significantly larger average gaps than metal for Straumann (p = 0.001). Plastic and metal copings were not significantly different for Nobel (p = 0.302). Nobel had significantly larger average gaps than Straumann for metal copings (p = 0.003). Nobel had marginally smaller average gaps than Straumann (p = 0.096) for plastic copings. The system‐by‐screw location interaction was significant as well (p < 0.001), indicating significant differences among the four screw locations, but the location differences were not the same for the two systems. A rank transformation of the data was necessary due to the nonnormal distribution of the gap measurements. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsThe metal impression copings were more accurate than plastic copings when using the Straumann system, and there was no difference between metal and plastic copings for the Nobel Replace system. The system‐by‐screw location was not conclusive, showing no correlation within each system
The Quality of Removable Prostheses in Dentate, Community‐Dwelling Elderly Residing in Puerto Rico
Authors: Aguilar Maria L. , Psoter Walter J. , Montero Mauricio , Milord Fabiola , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeEdentulism has been decreasing in the US elderly population; however, due to the increasing number of elderly, the need for prostheses has been projected to rise over the next several decades. One of the aims of the Puerto Rican Elderly Dental Health Study (PREDHS) was to assess the quality of removable prostheses (RP) in the Puerto Rican (PR) elderly (>69 years of age) population.MethodsA cross‐sectional design, using a subgroup from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions (PREHCO) study of dentate, community‐dwelling older adults from the greater San Juan area was employed. Eligible participants were administered structured questionnaires and examined in their homes by three trained and calibrated dentists using National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) criteria.ResultsOne hundred and eighty three (183) participants were examined (61 males, 122 females) (p < 0.001). Overall, 64% were found to have a prosthetic problem with no statistical difference between genders. Unadjusted and age‐adjusted logistic models were employed. Increasing age was associated with both upper and lower clinically defined abraded prostheses, (p = 0.007; p = 0.041, respectively). Maxillary (23%) and mandibular (27%) prostheses needed replacement due to deficiencies.ConclusionRP deficiencies were found in almost two‐thirds of a representative sample of dentate 70+ year‐old people residing in PR. There was no difference in the proportion of deficiencies between elderly who reported a dental visit in the preceding year or not having seen a dentist. A quarter of the prostheses required replacement. The findings from this and the NHANES studies demonstrate that an engaged and recognized prosthodontic dental school faculty continues to be as important now as it was a generation ago.
Anti‐inflammatory cytokines, pro‐fibrogenic chemokines and persistence of acute HCV infection
Authors: Osburn W. O. , Levine J. S. , Chattergoon M. A. , Thomas D. L. , Cox A. L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryChemokines and cytokines play a vital role in directing and regulating immune responses to viral infections. Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by the loss of anti‐HCV cellular immune responses, while control of HCV infection is associated with maintenance of anti‐HCV cellular immune responses. To determine whether plasma concentrations of 19 chemokines and cytokines controlling T‐cell trafficking and function differed based on infection outcome, we compared them in at‐risk subjects followed prospectively for HCV infection. Levels were compared over time in subjects who controlled HCV infection (Clearance) and subjects who developed persistent HCV infection (Persistence) at two time points during acute infection: (i) first viraemic sample (initial viraemia) and (ii) last viraemic sample in Clearance subjects and time‐matched samples in Persistence subjects. At initial viraemia, increased pro‐inflammatory tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) plasma concentrations were observed in the Clearance group, while the plasma levels of anti‐inflammatory interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐10 and IL‐13 were higher in the Persistence group. IL‐13 was positively correlated with IL‐2 and IL‐10 at initial viraemia in the Persistence group. At the time of last viraemia, plasma levels of eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein‐4 (MCP‐4), IL‐5 and IL‐10 were higher in the Persistence group and IL‐10 and IL‐5 levels were positively correlated. Collectively, these results suggest that the development of persistent infection is associated with an anti‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrogenic chemokine and cytokine profile that is evident at the onset of infection and maintained throughout acute infection.
Cannabinoids may worsen gastric dysmotility induced by chronic cisplatin in the rat
Authors: Abalo R. , Cabezos P. A. , Vera G. , López‐Pérez A. E. , Martín M. I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground  Although cannabinoids have traditionally been used for the treatment and/or prevention of nausea and/or emesis, anorexia and weight loss induced by clinical use of antineoplastic drugs, their efficacy and safety in long‐term treatments are still controversial. Our aim was to analyze the effects of the non‐selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55 212‐2 (WIN) on gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility and other adverse effects induced by repeated cisplatin administration in the rat.Methods  Male Wistar rats received two intraperitoneal injections once a week for 4 weeks: the first one was WIN, at non‐psychoactive doses (0.5 or 1 mg kg−1), its vehicle or saline; the second one was cisplatin (2 mg kg−1) or saline. Radiographic techniques were used to determine the acute (after first dose), chronic (after last dose), and residual (1 week after treatment finalization) effects of cisplatin and/or WIN on GI motility. Bodyweight gain, food ingestion, and mechanical sensitivity were also tested.Key Results  Weekly cisplatin induced mechanical allodynia, which WIN prevented, as well as weight gain reduction and anorexia, which WIN did not. Gastric emptying was dose‐dependently delayed by cisplatin and this effect was enhanced upon chronic treatment. WIN aggravated cisplatin‐induced gastric dysmotility. One week after treatment finalization, only minor alterations of GI motor function were found in rats treated with cisplatin, WIN or both.Conclusions & Inferences  WIN weekly administered at low doses prevents neuropathy, but does not prevent anorexia or weight loss and aggravates gastric dysmotility induced by cisplatin. Cannabinoids should be handled with caution if chronically administered during chemotherapy.
Specification Sensitivity in Right‐Tailed Unit Root Testing for Explosive Behaviour
Authors: Phillips Peter C. B. , Shi Shuping , Yu Jun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article aims to provide some empirical guidelines for the practical implementation of right‐tailed unit root tests, focusing on the recursive right‐tailed ADF test of Phillips et al. (2011b). We analyze and compare the limit theory of the recursive test under different hypotheses and model specifications. The size and power properties of the test under various scenarios are examined and some recommendations for empirical practice are given. Some new results on the consistent estimation of localizing drift exponents are obtained, which are useful in assessing model specification. Empirical applications to stock markets illustrate these specification issues and reveal their practical importance in testing.
Protective effect of esmolol on myocardial ischemic injury during open heart surgery in children
Authors: Gui Ping , Wu Qingping , Wu Jing , Yao Shanglong 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of esmolol in protecting the myocardium from ischemia during pediatric cardiac surgery.BackgroundEsmolol, an ultra‐short acting beta 1‐adrenoceptor blocker, reduces myocardial injury in adult cardiac operations. However, this technique is rarely used in pediatric cardiac surgery.MethodsThirty children with ventricular septal defect were randomly allocated to the esmolol group and the control group. Patients received intravenous esmolol (0.05 mg·kg−1·min−1 after tracheal intubation, 0.3 mg·kg−1·min−1 during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 0.03–0.05 mg·kg−1·min−1 until the end of surgery) or placebo, respectively.ResultsPlasma levels of creatine kinase‐MB, cardiac troponin I in the esmolol group 2 min after completion of CPB, at the end of surgery, 4 h after surgery, and the first postoperative day were significantly lower than those in the control group. Values of heart rate 10 min after induction, 2 min before institution of CPB, 2 min after completion of CPB, and at the end of surgery were significantly lower in the esmolol group; however, mean arterial pressure, CPB time, cross‐clamp time, and the rate of heart spontaneous rebeating were not statistically different between two groups. Cumulative postoperative dosage of dopamine in the esmolol group (100.1 ± 53.1 mg) was significantly less than that in the control group (171.4 ± 92.1 mg).ConclusionsEsmolol can protect the myocardium from ischemic injury during CPB in children and significantly reduce the use of inotropic drug.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus lookback in NHS Blood and Transplant (England) reveals the efficacy of leukoreduction
Authors: Hewitt Patricia E. , Davison Katy , Howell David R. , Taylor Graham P. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundLeukoreduction of blood components was introduced in the United Kingdom during 1998. Human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) screening of blood donations was introduced in 2002. NHS Blood and Transplant conducted an HTLV lookback on blood components issued before 2002. A proportion of included components were nonleukoreduced, although the majority were subject to white blood cell reduction measures.Study Design and MethodsA standard lookback was conducted on untested cellular blood components from donors later confirmed to be HTLV positive, for the 4 to 5 years before 2002, and on the last tested negative donation from donors who had seroconverted.ResultsA total of 437 red blood cell and platelet components were included and an outcome was reported for 84% of these. Just over half of identified recipients were dead at the time of lookback; blood samples for testing were obtained from 77% of identified living recipients. HTLV infection was confirmed in seven recipients, but one was discounted as not transfusion transmitted.ConclusionAlthough numbers are small, our results provide evidence of the efficacy of leukoreduction in reducing the likelihood of HTLV transmission through transfusion of cellular blood components. The HTLV‐positive rate in recipients of leukoreduced components was 3.7%, a reduction of 93% compared with nonleukoreduced components. Importantly, the one infected recipient of a leukoreduced component had existing risk factors for HTLV infection. HTLV lookback was much less efficient in identifying infected recipients than was hepatitis virus C lookback.
Extended storage of autologous apheresis platelets in plasma
Authors: Slichter S. J. , Bolgiano D. , Corson J. , Jones M. K. , Christoffel T. , Pellham E. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe purpose of our studies was to determine the effects of extended platelet storage on poststorage platelet viability.Materials and MethodsNormal subjects were recruited to donate platelets using two different apheresis systems: either the COBE Spectra (n = 58) or the Haemonetics MCS+ (n = 84). Platelet recovery and survival data from the two systems were compared with each other and with in vitro measurements of the stored platelets.ResultsThere were no significant differences in either platelet recoveries or survivals between the two machines between 1 and 8 days of storage. Combining the data from both machines, platelet recoveries decreased by 2·6% and survivals by 0·3 days/storage day. In vitro assays did not predict either platelet recoveries or survivals during storage for 5–8 days. After 9 days of storage, pHs were unacceptable (≤ 6·1), suggesting that 8 days will be the longest possible storage time.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, if stored platelet bacterial contamination issues are resolved, significant extension of platelet storage times is possible.