bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNDER THE WATCHFUL EYE OF THE STATE: ACADEMIC PUBLISHING IN SOVIET‐OCCUPIED GERMANY 1945–1949. A CASE STUDY*
Authors: Eckardt Michael 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe following contribution, taking the example of the Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena, addresses the difficult process of re‐activating academic publishing in Soviet‐occupied Germany after 1945. As one of the few universities which were not closed during the war, Jena did not experience a ‘zero hour’ after the Allied occupation. Since the administration had remained relatively intact, the university re‐opened on 15 October 1945. At the same time the university endeavoured to establish a functioning academic publishing scheme for internal and external communication. However it became apparent that, despite the Soviets’ insistence on the contrary, an independent university press was not envisaged and that licensing as practised by the Soviets impeded cooperation with private publishers. This practice did not change until influential communist functionaries had been installed at the university and the ‘bourgeois elites’ repressed. The present contribution elucidates the extent of the difficulties that resulted from the one‐sided political orientation of the Soviets and explains how these impinged on the main actors and their room for manoeuvre.
B. AS IN BALKAN: TERÉZIA MORA'S POST‐YUGOSLAV BERLIN REPUBLIC*
Authors: Mayr Maria 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue that Terézia Mora's 2004 novel Alle Tage foregrounds the Yugoslav wars, and the Kosovo intervention in particular, as significant events for processes of the Berlin Republic's political self‐fashioning in the late 1990s. I therefore contend that despite the text's more widely acknowledged global and delocalised aspects, Alle Tage is in fact a very local and ‘German’ text, directly engaging with the socio‐political contexts of the Berlin Republic. I start by addressing the ways in which the 1990s Balkan wars have been used to reposition questions of German identity in relation to its World War II past. I then examine and offer an alternative to the notion that Térezia Mora's novel Alle Tage is predominantly a global text by highlighting the text's inextricable embeddedness in discourses surrounding German identity in the 1990s. I do so by tracing the novel's simultaneous critiques of both the notion of a global, nomadic way of being as well as of essentialist conceptions of community such as a nation or ethnic belonging. As the fate of the novel's main character Abel illustrates, for Mora belonging is instead a matter of an embodied, experiential access to both one's past and present. I conclude by arguing that Mora's novel suggests that just like Abel, Germany cannot move beyond post‐war themes such as nationalism, war, and genocide without thereby committing violent acts of forgetting.
HERMANN NITSCH – AUSTRIA IN THE AGE OF POST‐SCANDALOUS CULTURE
Authors: Daub Adrian 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article uses the Austrian reception history of the Viennese Actionist Hermann Nitsch to investigate the changing function and structure of cultural scandal in Austria. Like many fellow artists, Nitsch became famous for his rejection of the Austrian state and its institutions, and was rejected by them in turn. Press, police and the federal government waged a series of pitched battles against the so‐called Actionists. Today these same institutions have come to embrace Nitsch's art, but it attracts an entirely different kind of scandal. It is today used to turn the state apparatus itself into a scandal, and ultimately provides a way for the Austrian far right (FPÖ and BZÖ) to articulate their complicated and contradictory relationship to state power.
THE END OF THE FAIRY TALE? CHRISTIAN PETZOLD'S BARBARA AND THE DIFFICULTIES OF INTERPRETATION*
Authors: Pinfold Debbie 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWhen Christian Petzold's Barbara appeared in 2012 it was received as a new departure in both Petzold's work and in representations of the former GDR. The film was understood first and foremost as a love story, and this, together with the provincial setting and bright colour palette, lent an unaccustomed warmth to the image of the GDR. This article presents a close reading of the film to demonstrate that Petzold's plot deconstructs the victim / perpetrator binary that underlies paradigmatic representations of the GDR, notably Das Leben der Anderen (2006). This creates a more nuanced image of the former socialist state which challenges the dominant discourse. It further argues that Petzold underpins this surface with a dense matrix of cultural allusions designed to draw the audience into the characters’ coded language. This enables the audience to empathise with the characters’ difficulties in communicating with one another and to experience viscerally what it was to live in an atmosphere characterised by such mistrust. However, these same cultural allusions say more than the characters intend; they also allow Petzold to communicate directly with the audience, posing deeper questions about our own interpretative strategies and the possibility of fully understanding the GDR.
Expression studies of mutant factor VIII alleles with premature termination codons with regard to inhibitor formation
Authors: Zimmermann M. A. , Oldenburg J. , Müller C. R. , Rost S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAbout 10% of mutations in haemophilia A cases generate a premature termination codon in the factor VIII gene (F8). Upon therapeutic FVIII substitution, it was noted that the risk of developing inhibitors is higher when the nonsense mutation is located in the light chain (LC) of the factor VIII (FVIII) protein than in the heavy chain (HC). We analysed the impact of six different nonsense mutations distributed over the six FVIII domains on recombinant FVIII expression to elucidate the process of inhibitor formation in haemophilic patients. Full‐length F8 mRNA was transcribed from all constructs despite the presence of nonsense mutations. Polyclonal antigen assays revealed high antigen levels in transfection experiments with constructs truncated in LC whereas low antigen was detected from constructs truncated in HC. Those results were supported by FVIII localization experiments. These findings suggest that F8 transcription occurs in a usual way despite nonsense mutations, whereas translation appears to be interrupted by the premature stop codon. We hypothesize that the inclusion of the B domain enables proteins truncated in LC to accumulate in the ER. Proteins truncated in HC are mainly degraded or may pass through the ER and be secreted into the blood circulation, thus presumably preventing inhibitor formation after therapeutic FVIII substitution. The LC is known to have higher immunogenicity than the HC. Moreover, translation of the F8B gene comprising F8 exons 23–26 may be dependent on the position of the premature stop codon and thus contributes to the immune response of truncated FVIII proteins.
The Big Society in an age of austerity: threats and opportunities for Health Consumer and Patients' Organizations in England
Authors: Baggott Rob , Jones Kathryn 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHealth consumer and patients' organizations (HCPOs) seek to influence policy. But how are they affected by developments in the policy context and political environment?DesignThe article draws on original research into HCPOs in the UK by the authors, including a major survey undertaken in 1999 and interviews with HCPOs and policymakers between 2000 and 2003 as well as a further survey in 2010. It also draws on a review of key government policies on health and the voluntary sector since 1997.ResultsDevelopments in the political environment and policy context have created both opportunities and threats for HCPOs as they seek to influence policy. These include policies to promote choice and competition in public services; support for a greater role for the voluntary sector and civil society in health and welfare (including the current government's ‘Big Society’ idea); NHS reorganization; changes to the system of patient and public involvement; and austerity measures. Devolution of powers within the UK with regard to health policy and the rising profile of the EU in health matters have also had implications for HCPOs.Discussion and ConclusionThis analysis raises key issues for future research in the UK and elsewhere, such as how will HCPOs be able to maintain independence in an increasingly competitive environment? And how will they fare in an era of retrenchment? There are also challenges for HCPOs in relation to maintaining relationships in a new institutional setting characterized by multilevel governance.
Atheroprotective remodelling of vascular dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in response to hypercholesterolaemia in a rat model
Authors: Oberkersch Roxana , Maccari Francesca , Bravo Alicia I. , Volpi Nicola , Gazzaniga Silvina , Calabrese Graciela C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryProteoglycan accumulation within the arterial intima has been implicated in atherosclerosis progression in humans. Nevertheless, hypercholesterolaemia is unable to induce intimal thickening and atheroma plaque development in rats. The study was performed to analyse proteoglycans modifications in rats fed with a high‐cholesterol diet to understand whether vascular wall remodelling protects against lesions. Sections obtained from rat aortas showed normal features, in intimal‐to‐media ratio and lipid accumulation. However, focal endothelial hyperplasia and neo‐intima rearrangement were observed in high‐cholesterol animals. Besides, hypercholesterolaemia induced an inflammatory microenviroment. We determined the expression of different proteoglycans from aortic cells by Western blot and observed a diminished production of decorin and biglycan in high‐cholesterol animals compared with control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Versican was increased in high‐cholesterol animals (P < 0.05), whereas perlecan production showed no differences. No modification of the total content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was found between the two experimental groups. In contrast, the chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate ratio was increased in the high‐cholesterol group as compared to the control (0.56 and 0.34, respectively). Structural alterations in the disaccharide composition of galactosaminoglycans were also detected by HPLC, as the ratio of 6‐sulphate to 4‐sulphate disaccharides was increased in high‐cholesterol animals (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that attenuation of decorin and biglycan expression might be an effective strategy to inhibit the first step in atherogenesis, although specific GAG structural modification associated with the development of vascular disease took place. Results emphasize the potential application of therapies based on vascular matrix remodelling to treat atherosclerosis.
Synthesis of TiO2−xNy/Ag‐PbMoO4 Composite and Their Photocatalytic Activity Under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Kim Tae‐Ho , Lee Soo‐Wohn , Gyawali Gobinda , Jo Yong‐Hyun , Sekino Tohru 
Published: March 2014

TiO2−xNy/Ag‐PbMoO4 composite were synthesized by sonochemical method. The results revealed that the band‐gap energy absorption edge of TiO2−xNy/Ag‐PbMoO4 composite was shifted to a longer wavelength as compared to TiO2, TiO2−xNy, PbMoO4, and Ag‐PbMoO4. The TiO2−xNy/Ag‐PbMoO4 composite showed the enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of indigo carmine dye (ICD) under simulated solar light irradiation. The TiO2−xNy/Ag‐PbMoO4 composite exhibited the highest percentage (95.4%) of degradation of ICD and the highest reaction rate constant (0.0244 min−1) in 2 h. The results suggested that a good combination of Ag and TiO2−xNy nanoparticles has great influence on the photocatalytic behavior of PbMoO4.
Acitretin in psoriasis: an evolving scenario
Authors: Dogra Sunil , Yadav Savita 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAcitretin, an active metabolite of etretinate, is the most widely used systemic retinoid in the treatment of psoriasis. There are several unique characteristics of this drug, which set it apart from other options in the therapeutic armamentarium of psoriasis. It is highly efficacious as monotherapy in some specific clinical subtypes of psoriasis. It has dose‐sparing effects when used as combination therapy with conventional systemic drugs as well as the biologics. It is a good option for long‐term maintenance therapy. Side effects are common but usually mild and can be managed by its proper dosing and monitoring. With appropriate patient selection, gradual dose escalation, and patient counseling, we can deliver good results in psoriasis with this useful drug. This review gives a comprehensive recount of acitretin use in the present era of biologics in psoriasis.
Nd:YAG laser for “fractional” treatment of angiofibromas
Authors: Ma Gang , Wu Pinru , Lin Xiaoxi , Chen Hui , Li Wei , Hu Xiaojie , Jin Yunbo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundTuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disorder with hamartomas in multiple organ systems. Facial angiofibromas (AF) are a common cutaneous manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. They may lead to significant cosmetic and psychological problems. Many treatment modalities have been used with variable satisfaction. Fractional photothermolysis (FP) is a novel concept of laser therapy, which induces non‐contiguous microscopic thermal injury.ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of Nd:YAG laser treatment for facial AF by using spot‐like irradiation technique similar to FP.Materials and methodsTwelve patients (skin types III–IV, aged 17–45 years) with facial AF received monthly treatment with Nd:YAG laser in a pinpoint coagulation fashion. Clinical improvements were evaluated in five categories. Side effects were monitored at each follow‐up visit.ResultsExcellent improvement was seen in 10 patients and good improvement in two at one month after the final treatment session. After 12 months of follow‐up, no patient had significant recurrence of AF. Five patients were followed up for three years with few pinpoint‐sized regrowth occurring; none of these patients received additional treatments. Side effects included transient erythema and edema in each patient but no bleeding, infection, dyspigmentation, or scarring.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that Nd:YAG laser is an effective and safe management for the fractional treatment of facial AF.
Treatment patterns and outcomes among patients with metastatic melanoma treated in community practice
Authors: Walker Mark S. , Reyes Carolina , Kerr Jiandong , Satram‐Hoang Sacha , Stepanski Edward J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe primary systemic treatments for advanced melanoma have been chemotherapy and immunotherapy. New agents are currently in development.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize treatment patterns and outcomes across several lines of therapy and to illustrate the treatment landscape prior to the approval of new therapies. The study endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and best overall response within line of therapy.MethodsA retrospective chart analysis was conducted at 11 community oncology practices in the USA. Data for patients aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with stage IV and/or metastatic melanoma during 2006–2010 were analyzed. Primary endpoints were PFS within line of therapy and OS from the diagnosis of metastasis.ResultsData on a total of 202 patients were collected. The sample was mostly male (60%) and Caucasian (88%), with a mean age of 61.3 years. Of the 202 patients, 56 (28%) never received any systemic therapy. In the remaining 146 patients, systemic therapies included temozolomide‐based regimens (n = 68), platinum‐based regimens without temozolomide (n = 16), other regimens (n = 23), and research regimens (n = 39). Of the 146 patients who received systemic therapy, not all did so immediately after the diagnosis of metastasis: 102 (51%) patients did so shortly after diagnosis and before first disease progression, and 44 (22%) did so after first disease progression. Response rates were very low (≤5%) and did not differ across treatment groups. Progressive disease was the most frequent best overall response category identified, with rates of 83, 78, and 89% in the first to third lines of treatment, respectively. In 146 patients receiving first‐line systemic therapy, median PFS was 3.25 months. Median OS in the entire sample was 7.66 months.ConclusionsFindings provided little evidence for any beneficial effects of the treatments available in the timeframe referred to in this study. Few patients (≤5%) responded to treatment, PFS among treated patients was short (3.25 months in first‐line treatments, less in later lines), and there was no evidence of a differential effect of treatment regimens on PFS. There was no evidence of shorter survival in patients who never received systemic therapy. The high proportion of patients who did not receive any systemic therapy highlights the lack of effective therapies and underscores the unmet medical need in this patient population.
Impact of 2009 pandemic influenza among Vietnamese children based on a population‐based prospective surveillance from 2007 to 2011
Authors: Le Minh Nhat , Yoshida Lay Myint , Suzuki Motoi , Nguyen Hien Anh , Le Huu Tho , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Dang Duc Anh , Ariyoshi Koya 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInfluenza virus is one of the major viral pathogens causing pediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI). The spread of pandemic influenza A (A(H1N1)pdm09) in 2009 around the globe had a huge impact on global health.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of A(H1N1)pdm09 on pediatric ARI in Vietnam.Study designAn ongoing population‐based prospective surveillance in central Vietnam was used. All children aged <15 years residing in Nha Trang city, enrolled to the ARI surveillance in Khanh Hoa General Hospital, from February 2007 through March 2011 were studied. Clinical data and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected. Influenza A was detected and genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing.ResultsAmong enrolled 2736 hospitalized ARI cases, 354 (13%) were positive for influenza A. Genotyping results revealed that seasonal H3N2 and H1N1 (sea‐H1N1) viruses were cocirculating before A(H1N1)pdm09 appeared in July 2009. The A(H1N1)pdm09 replaced the sea‐H1N1 after the pandemic. The majority of influenza A cases (90%) were aged <5 years with incidence rate of 537 (387–775) per 100 000 population. Annual incidence rates of hospitalized influenza cases for pre‐, initial and post‐pandemic periods among children aged <5 year were 474, 452, and 387 per 100 000, respectively. Children with A(H1N1)pdm09 were elder, visited the hospital earlier, less frequently had severe signs, and were less frequently associated with viral coinfection compared with seasonal influenza cases.ConclusionsThe A(H1N1)pdm09 did not increase the influenza annual hospitalization incidence or disease severity compared with seasonal influenza among pediatric ARI cases in central Vietnam.
How do industry‐wide information infrastructures emerge? A life cycle approach
Authors: Reimers Kai , Li Mingzhi , Xie Bin , Guo Xunhua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIndustry‐wide information infrastructures (IIIS) have recently gained increased attention by policy makers, especially in the healthcare sector where it is believed that IIIS can substantially contribute to the taming of exploding healthcare costs and dramatically improve service quality, e.g., by avoiding widespread medication errors. However, the emergence and evolution of IIIS is as yet poorly understood, partly because the information systems (IS) literature traditionally uses much smaller units of analysis such as projects, organizations or small networks of organization. In this paper, we propose a combined company‐level and industry‐level framework to shed light on the process of IIIS emergence. We demonstrate, for the first time, that IIIS emergence is intricately linked to the industry life cycle for the case of fragmented industries. We also explore the relationship between the industry‐level and company‐level life cycles in the process of IIIS emergence, and develop a novel proposition regarding this relationship. Our findings suggest that current policy initiatives to promote the development of IIIS have not adequately taken industry‐level conditions into consideration.
Measuring the technical efficiency of football legends: who were Real Madrid's all‐time most efficient players?
Authors: Santín Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany football players contribute to aggregate results throughout a football club's history. However, no scientific research has pinpointed the most technically efficient players in a football club's history considering their position on the field. The aim of this paper is to propose an output‐oriented nonincreasing returns to scale super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model in order to measure football players’ performance. The model is applied empirically to Real Madrid's best players (white legends) from the signing of Luis Molowny to Raúl González's departure. Results are also calculated and compared with the standard DEA in order to form the most efficient and super‐efficient historical squad of Real Madrid footballers.
Climate change and marine molluscs of the western North Atlantic: future prospects and perils
Authors: Saupe Erin E. , Hendricks Jonathan R. , Townsend Peterson A. , Lieberman Bruce S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimNumerous studies have examined potential responses of terrestrial biotas to future climate change, but fewer have considered marine realms. We forecast how marine molluscan faunas might respond to environmental change over the remainder of this century. We test the hypotheses that suitable areas will shift northwards for studied species, and that species will show varied responses to future climate change.LocationNorth and South America and the Caribbean.MethodsWe generated ecological niche models (in GARP and Maxent) for 14 ecologically, economically and potentially medically important mollusc species, using present‐day summaries and future forecasts of climate from the Hadley Centre and known species occurrence data from natural history collections. Niche models were used to forecast potential distributions according to three scenarios of future change for three time slices.ResultsNorthern extremes of suitability are predicted to shift northwards for only three (GARP) or four (Maxent) of the 14 species, whereas the southern edge of suitability is predicted to shift southwards for seven (GARP) and one (Maxent) of the 14 species. When changes in the geographical centroids of suitability are considered, no significant poleward shifts are anticipated for individual species. Instead, half of the study species (many economically important) experience substantial (> 20%) loss of suitable environmental area, even under the lowest‐emission future climate scenario. Furthermore, the direction and magnitude of the response to predicted climate change is species‐specific.Main conclusionsWe do not find a coherent pattern of areas with suitable environments expanding at high‐latitude range boundaries, with simultaneous contraction at their low‐latitude boundaries. Tropical marine molluscs may thus show varied responses as average temperatures warm. These results contrast with trends among terrestrial and other marine species, which are rapidly shifting their ranges to higher latitudes. Conversely, the differing responses of these species to future warming are consistent with responses of species to past episodes of change, as observed in the fossil record.