bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting delays in reversing anticoagulation after intracerebral haemorrhage: three key changes at a UK comprehensive stroke centre
Authors: Parry-Jones Adrian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProthrombin complex concentrate (PCC) reduces the risk of early haematoma expansion after intracerebral haemorrhage in patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKA-ICH), so must be given without delay. We sought to identify and remove key barriers to rapid administration of PCC at our centre. We describe a single UK comprehensive stroke centre cohort study with mixed retrospective (1/1/2008 to 1/12/2010) and prospective (1/12/2010 to 31/7/2014) participant identification and a survey of UK stroke physicians. Seven hundred and thirteen ICH patients were admitted during the study period. Sixty nine of these patients were VKA-ICH. Patients not admitted on the acute stroke pathway (n=8) or who had palliative care commenced immediately on admission (n=6) were excluded, leaving 55 patients in the final analysis. During 2011/12 we identified and implemented service changes to reduce delays in PCC administration. The primary outcome was the time interval between diagnostic brain scan and commencement of PCC treatment (scan-to-needle time).Secondary outcomes were the time interval between admission and commencement of PCC (door-to-needle time) and symptom onset and commencement of PCC (onset-to-needle time). Three key barriers were identified to rapid administration of PCC, including haematology consultation, collection of PCC from the transfusion laboratory, and obtaining the laboratory INR result. Our survey indicated that these barriers existed at most UK centres. We implemented point-of-care INR testing, moved PCC to the emergency department, and agreed a protocol to administer PCC autonomously. Our scan-to-needle time more than halved, from a median of 127 min (interquartile range (IQR), 111 to 208 min) prior to service changes to 58 min (IQR 50 to 91 min; p<0.001) afterwards. We have substantially reduced delays in delivering PCC to VKA-ICH patients at our centre and our simple changes could be easily implemented at centres facing similar barriers.
Extracapsular cataract extraction training: junior ophthalmology residents’ self-reported satisfaction level with their proficiency and initial learning barrier
Authors: Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Tan Sarah , Lee Shu Yen , Rosman Mohamad , Aw Ai Tee , Yeo Ian Yew San 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate residents’ self-reported satisfaction level with their proficiency in extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery and the initial barriers to learning the procedure.

Methods
This is a single-centre prospective descriptive case series involving eight first-year ophthalmology residents in Singapore National Eye Center. We recorded the demographics, frequency of review by the residents of their own surgical videos and their satisfaction level with their proficiency at each of the ECCE steps using a 5-point Likert scale. All ECCE surgical videos between October 2013 and May 2014 were collected and analysed for the overall time taken for the surgery and the time taken to perform the individual steps of the procedure.

Results
The mean age of the residents was 27.6±1.5 years and 62.5% (5/8) were women. More than half (62.5%, 5/8) reviewed their own surgical videos while 37.5% (3/8) discussed the surgical videos with their peers or supervisors. Of the ECCE steps, the residents were most dissatisfied with their proficiency in performing irrigation and aspiration (87.5%, 7/8), followed by suturing (62.5%, 5/8), intraocular lens insertion (62.5%, 5/8) and tin can capsulotomy (62.5%, 5/8). The average time taken for each ECCE case was 55.0±12.2 min and, of all the steps, most time was spent on suturing (20.5±6.8 min), followed by irrigation and aspiration (5.5±3.6 min) and tin can capsulotomy (3.3±1.8 min).

Conclusions
The first-year ophthalmology residents were most dissatisfied with their proficiency in irrigation/aspiration, suturing and tin can capsulotomy. More training needs to be directed to these areas during teaching sessions in the operating room, wet laboratory or cataract simulation training sessions.
Prophylactic Edaravone Prevents Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Sun Yu-Yo , Li Yikun , Wali Bushra , Li Yuancheng , Lee Jolly , Heinmiller Andrew , Abe Koji , Stein Donald G. , Mao Hui , Sayeed Iqbal , Kuan Chia-Yi 
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—
Hypoperfusion-induced thrombosis is an important mechanism for postsurgery stroke and cognitive decline, but there are no perioperative neuroprotectants to date. This study investigated whether prophylactic application of Edaravone, a free radical scavenger already used in treating ischemic stroke in Japan, can prevent infarct and cognitive deficits in a murine model of transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.

Methods—
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient hypoxic-ischemic (tHI) insult that consists of 30-minute occlusion of the unilateral common carotid artery and exposure to 7.5% oxygen. Edaravone or saline was prophylactically applied to compare their effects on cortical oxygen saturation, blood flow, coagulation, oxidative stress, metabolites, and learning-memory using methods that include photoacoustic imaging, laser speckle contrast imaging, solid-state NMR, and Morris water maze. The effects on infarct size by Edaravone application at different time points after tHI were also compared.

Results—
Prophylactic administration of Edaravone (4.5 mg/kg×2, IP, 1 hour before and 1 hour after tHI) improved vascular reperfusion, oxygen saturation, and the maintenance of brain metabolites, reducing oxidative stress, thrombosis, white-matter injury, and learning impairment after tHI insult. Delayed Edaravone treatment after 3 h post-tHI became unable to reduce infarct size.

Conclusions—
Acute application of Edaravone may be a useful strategy to prevent postsurgery stroke and cognitive impairment, especially in patients with severe carotid stenosis.
A nonparametric approach for evaluating long-term energy policy scenarios: an application to the Greek energy system
Authors: Halkos George , Tzeremes Nickolaos G , Tzeremes Panayiotis G 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper by using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) constructs four different renewable energy scenarios for the Greek transport, energy, and industry sectors. By projecting the demand for renewable energy and the associated resulting carbon dioxide emissions up to the years 2020 and 2030, the paper applies in a second stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluating the Greek renewable energy policy. As a result, it provides a quantitative measure for future renewable energy policy evaluation under different renewable energy consumption scenarios. The results reveal that the main challenge for the Greek policy makers will be the energy policies associated with the renewable energy usage of the Greek industry since they are rigid toward the adoption of technologies utilizing renewable energy sources. It appears that under the four different energy policy scenarios, the Greek industry sector will not be able to meet its renewable energy targets set by the Greek government. Finally, the analysis reveals that the renewable energy targets set for 2020 and 2030 can be met for the energy sector. However, the renewable energy targets set for the transport sector can only be met for the year 2030.

JEL classifications: C60; Q47; Q53; Q58
Observation of ionospheric disturbances induced by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami using far-field GPS data in Hawaii
Authors: Tang Long , Zhang Xiaohong , Li Zhe 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this study, we employ far-field GPS total electron content (TEC) observed in Hawaii to detect the ionospheric disturbances induced by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. We observed tsunami-driven traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) at two different times: at about 12:40 UT, there were TIDs in the disturbance series propagating at approximately 260 m/s in an outward direction from the tsunami’s source, and then, the signals began to weaken and gradually disappeared after 14:00 UT; however, at about 17:30 UT, the TIDs appeared again in the disturbance series with similar propagation characteristics. According to the observation times, the former TIDs can be attributed to the straight tsunami from the mainshock, while the latter TIDs are most likely driven by tsunami from aftershocks. Furthermore, we also observed tsunami-like TIDs at about 11:50 UT with similar horizontal velocity and direction compared to tsunami waves. However, the arrival time of the TIDs was about 1.5 earlier than tsunami waves in the sea level and should be induced by other sources.
Epigenetic regulation of IL-12-dependent T cell proliferation
Authors: Schaller Matthew , Ito Toshihiro , Allen Ronald M , Kroetz Danielle , Kittan Nicolai , Ptaschinski Catherine , Cavassani Karen , Carson William F , Godessart Nuria , Grembecka Jolanta , Cierpicki Tomasz , Dou Yali , Kunkel Steven L 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
It is well established that the cytokine IL-12 and the transcription factor STAT4, an essential part of the IL-12 signaling pathway, are critical components of the Th1 differentiation process in T cells. In response to pathogenic stimuli, this process causes T cells to proliferate rapidly and secrete high amounts of the cytokine IFN-γ, leading to the Th1 proinflammatory phenotype. However, there are still unknown components of this differentiation pathway. We here demonstrated that the expression of the histone methyltransferase Mll1 is driven by IL-12 signaling through STAT4 in humans and mice and is critical for the proper differentiation of a naϊve T cell to a Th1 cell. Once MLL1 is up-regulated by IL-12, it regulates the proliferation of Th1 cells. As evidence of this, we show that Th1 cells from Mll1+/− mice are unable to proliferate rapidly in a Th1 environment in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, upon restimulation with cognate antigen Mll1+/−, T cells do not convert to a Th1 phenotype, as characterized by IFN-γ output. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in IFN-γ production and proliferation in human peripheral blood stimulated with tetanus toxoid by use of a specific inhibitor of the MLL1/menin complex. Together, our results demonstrate that the MLL1 gene plays a previously unrecognized but essential role in Th1 cell biology and furthermore, describes a novel pathway through which Mll1 expression is regulated.
Jak badać politykę?
Authors: Pająk Marek 
Published: June 2015

How to study politics? Contemporary methodological discourse in political science on the example of the Flyvbjerg Debate
The article is the analysis of contemporary methodological discourse in political science on the example of the Flyvbjerg Debate. The article focuses on Bent Flyvbjerg’s and David D. Laitin’s positions linking them with broader discussions in political science. Especially those concerning proper model of scientific researches. The author traces evolution of political science from the perspective of controversy between protagonists of analytical‑empirical model and their critics.
The Lizzie Bennet Diaries: Fan-creator interactions and new online storytelling
Authors: Seymour Jessica , Roth Jenny , Flegel Monica 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Bernie Su and Hank Green’s online adaptation of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice ([1813] 1995), the Lizzie Bennett Diaries (2012, LBD hereafter), offers a new authorship device and a potential way to negotiate the current tensions engendered by struggles over cultural production and reproduction on the Internet. A great part of LBD’s success, confirmed by the many awards the series received, was its complication of authorial power and textual ownership. Fans occupied the same space as characters to become characters themselves; producers became viewers who carefully followed fan responses and incorporated them into the storyline; fans’ blogs and texts developed character arcs, deepened understanding of characters themselves and moved the narrative as a whole; and producers entered fan spaces to discuss narrative developments. However, while LBD does offer some possibilities going forward, it also illuminates the tensions between existing and emergent production paradigms created by an increase in Internet participatory culture that remain to be overcome.
Diagnostic performances of clinical laboratory tests using Triton X-100 to reduce the biohazard associated with routine testing of Ebola virus-infected patients
Authors: Tempestilli Massimo , Pucci Luigia , Notari Stefania , Caro Antonino Di , Castilletti Concetta , Rivelli Maria Rosaria , Agrati Chiara , Pucillo Leopoldo Paolo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEbola virus, an enveloped virus, is the cause of the largest and most complex Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. Blood or body fluids of an infected person may represent a biohazard to laboratory workers. Laboratory tests of virus containing specimens should be conducted in referral centres at biosafety level 4, but based on the severity of clinical symptoms, basic laboratories might be required to execute urgent tests for patients suspected of EVD. The aim of this work was to compare the analytical performances of laboratory tests when Triton X-100, a chemical agent able to inactivate other enveloped viruses, was added to specimens.Results of clinical chemistry, coagulation and haematology parameters on samples before and after the addition of 0.1% (final concentration) of Triton X-100 and 1 h of incubation at room temperature were compared.Overall, results showed very good agreement by all statistical analyses. Triton X-100 at 0.1% did not significantly affect the results for the majority of the analytes tested.Triton X-100 at 0.1% can be used to reduce the biohazard in performing laboratory tests on samples from patients with EVD without affecting clinical decisions.
Balancing Risk and Learning Opportunities in Corporate Venture Capital Investments: Evidence from the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Baldi Francesco , Baglieri Daniela , Corea Francesco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhen seizing new investment opportunities, CVC investors face a tension between learning rewards and risks in the form of market and technological uncertainties. Based on an inductive qualitative study relying upon a unique, longitudinal dataset of 260 CVC deals carried out by the top CVC investors in the biopharmaceutical industry between 2003 and 2013, we argue that the extent to which a CVC investor (and its corporate sponsor) may learn from new ventures depends on the nature of its risk attitude and, more in general, on its portfolio diversification (low risk) or concentration (high risk) strategy. In so doing, we identify four typologies of CVC portfolio strategies that allow for growth and learning options available to the parent sponsor, showing that there is a curvilinear (U-shaped) relationship between learning propensity and portfolio diversification. We also develop a tool for determining a CVC opportunity set that may help a fund to optimally allocate capital based on its own risk-return preferences. Theory for CVC decision-making is advanced by furthering two propositions requiring future empirical validation.
Interferometrische Rundlauffehlerbestimmung von Drehtischen für
die optische Rundheitsmessung
Authors: Ullmann Vinzenz , Kühnel Michael , Manske Eberhard 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Für hochgenaue
Rundheitsmessungen an Lehrringen müssen systematische
Fehlereinflüsse untersucht und erfasst werden. Dies
gilt auch für den Rundlauffehler eines Drehtisches,
welcher in Messsystemen für die Rundheits- und
Zylinderformmessung eingesetzt wird. Für den Ansatz
der interferenzoptischen Rundheitsmessung wurde ein kontaktfreies
Antastsystem mit zwei integrierten Planspiegelinterferometern am Institut
für Prozessmess- und Sensortechnik entwickelt und
getestet. Mit einer maximalen Auflösung von bis zu
20 pm ist es möglich, den Rundlauffehler eines
Drehtisches mit Luftlagern hochgenau zu bestimmen. Mit
einem etablierten Auswerteverfahren in Kombination mit dem neuen
interferometrischen Messsystem konnte ein maximaler Rundlauffehler von
537.5 nm bestimmt werden. Die
mittlere Reproduzierbarkeit liegt in den durchgeführten Versuchen bei
31.3 nm. Diese Reproduzierbarkeit
schließt nicht nur die Reproduzierbarkeit der Rundlaufmessung
ein, sondern beinhaltet auch den Rundlauf des
Drehtisches. Dass die Rundlaufwerte im Experiment eine
solche Reproduzierbarkeit aufweisen, liegt an der
rückwirkungsfreien Struktur des Messaufbaus. Weder
das Messsystem selbst noch die notwendigen technischen Strukturen zur
Lehrringausrichtung sollten den Drehtischrundlauf
beeinflussen.
The Szilard-Chalmers Reaction in Potassium Permanganate
Authors: Apers Désiré J. , Harbottle Garman 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The hot-atom reactions of recoil 56Mn in neutron-irradiated potassium permanganate have been re-investigated. In solutions of irradiated crystals at all pH values from 0 to 14 most of the non-permanganate activity is found in cationic (manganous or manganic) forms of 56Μη and not, as previously thought, in 56MnO2. At pH values more alkaline than 1 this cationic activity is tightly adsorbed onto traces of MnO2 or added Al2O3. The pH sensitivity of the retention in KMnO4 largely disappears if the crystals are annealed before analysis.
Heteropoly Salts
Authors: Healy T. V. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Two salts, tricaesium phosphotungstate and dicaesium hydrogen phosphotungstate, have been isolated and characterized. Methods for their preparation in the pure State are given. Similary, the trialkali and dialkali hydrogen phosphotungstates of rubidium, potassium, ammonium, sodium, and lithium have also been isolated and prepared in the pure state and a study made of some of their properties. Solubility data in water andnitric acid have been obtained at 20° C for Cs, Rh, K, NH4, and H phosphotungstates together with water solubility data for the sodium and lithium salts. The preparation and some properties of a number of relatively insoluble phosphotungstates namely, those of thallium(I), silver, mercury(I), and barium are described. Some organic phosphotungstates, the tetraphenyl arsonium salts, and a series of substituted amine and diamine salts have also been prepared.
Die Temperaturabhängigkeit des heterogenen Isotopenaustausches an der Oberfläche von Ionenkristallen
Authors: Lieser Κ. H. , Gütlich Ph. , Rosenbaum I. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Messungen des heterogenen Isotopenaustausehes von markierten Strontiumionen bzw. markierten Sulfationen an der Oberfläche von Strontiumsulfat zeigten, daß die Zahl der austauschfähigen Ionen an der Oberfläche innerhalb eines größeren Temperaturbereiches (0 bis 40 °C) sehr stark von der Temperatur abhängt. Dies wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Wassermoleküle, die sich unmittelbar an der Oberfläche der Ionenkristalle befinden, z. T. erst weit oberhalb 0 °C ihre volle Beweglichkeit erreichen. In dem Lösungsmittelgemisch Methanol/Wasser (Erstarrungspunkt -40 °C) findet bereits bei -18 °C kein Isotopenaustausch mehr statt. Dies wird durch eine Anreicherung der Wassermoleküle an der Oberfläche der Ionenkristalle erklärt.
Für die Aktivierungsenergie des heterogenen Isotopenaustausches wurden folgende Werte gefunden: im System BaSO4/Ba++ 12,0 kcal/Mol, im System BaSO4/SO4
--15,7 kcal/Mol, im System SrSO4/Sr++ 5,2 kcal/ Mol und im System SrSO4/SO4
-- 9,0 kcal/Mol. Diese Aktivierungsenergie wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Ionen beim Übertritt aus der Oberfläche in die Lösung die Gitterkräfte überwinden und beim Übertritt aus der Lösung an die Oberfläche der Kristalle zumindest einen Teil der Hydrathülle abstreifen müssen.
Chemical Effects of Isomeric Transition and (n, γ)-Activation of Bromine Atoms in n-Propyl Bromide
Authors: Katsanos Nicholas A. , Stamouli Maria I. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A method is described by means of which the chemical effects of 81Br (n, γ) 82mBr and 82mBrIT→82Br in n-propyl bromide can be determined separately. In the latter case effects due to the decay of n•C3H7-82mBr and to the decay of inorganic 82mBr can also be separated, not only in the pure system but also in solutions of n-propyl bromide in methyl alcohol containing Br- . The results obtained show that (n, γ)activation produces much lower organic retention than activation by isomeric transition. Moreover the organic yield of 82Bris much higher when it is born from n-C3H7-82mBr than when it is born from inorganic 82mBr. These are explained by assuming that the probability of recombination of 82Br with the parent radical, after bond rupture, is very high in isomeric transition activation but lower in (n, γ) activation, owing probably to the different recoil energies of the two processes. Retentions as parent compound are high and their ratio to total organic yield is constant in all cases. The half-life of 82mBr has been determined through its chemical effects but this shows a small variation with change in temperature.
Effect of Nutrient Management on the Growth and Yield of Cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>capitata</i> L.) in Calcareous Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Naher M N A , Alam M N , Jahan N 
Published: June 2015

An investigation was carried out in the calcareous soil of Chapai Nawabganj belonging to the High Ganges River Floodplain during November 2008 to March 2009 to examine the effect of different macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn, B and Mo at 150, 50, 100, 20, 3, 3 and 1 kg/ha, respectively) on the growth and yield of cabbage. Application of different nutrients exhibited significant influence on the growth and yield of cabbage. The highest plant spread (70.76 cm), height (37.89 cm), leaf length (37.83 cm), leaf breadth (27.13 cm), head thickness (12.85 cm), head diameter (23.02 cm), marketable head yield (76.53 t/ha) which is 191% increase over control), early head formation and maturity were recorded from the plot receiving N, P, K and B at the rate of 150, 50, 100 and 3 kg/ha, respectively. The treatment N, P, K and S showed the highest weight of loose leaves (640 g/plant) and decreased the weight of folded leaves or head weight, whereas, the treatment N, P, K and B increased the folded leaves or maximum head weight (1894.18 g/plant). The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 24-33
Inhibition of β‑catenin protein expression by triptolide affects self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhou Jian-Bo , Peng Gang , Jia Yu-Cheng , Li Jun , Wang Jia , Nie Shu , Zhang Qiu-Ying 
Published: June 2015

<p>The present study demonstrates the effects of triptolide, one of the constituents from Tripterygium wilfordii, on the self‑renewal capacity of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The investigation revealed that triptolide markedly prevented the proliferation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). For the LCSCs the minimum inhibitory concentration of triptolide was 0.6 μM. There was a significant and obvious decrease in the capacity of LCSCs to form self-sphere. Furthermore, triptolide reduced the sphere-forming capacity of LCSCs along with inhibition of β‑catenin expression. However, the exposure of triptolide-treated cells to lithium chloride, an activator the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the triptolide-induced inhibition of β-catenin expression and inhibited the self-renewal capacity. Therefore, triptolide effectively eradicates LCSCs through the inhibition of β-catenin protein and may act as a novel agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p> </p>