bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends
Authors: Nita Irina , Geacai Sibel , Neagu Anisoara , Geacai Elis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor now, biodiesel is the commonly accepted biofuel as a substitute for diesel fuel in internal combustion engines. Diesel fuel blends with up to 20% biodiesel can be used in diesel engines without any modification. A lot of studies regarding diesel fuel+biodiesel blends properties are presented in the literature. Some of the important properties of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be evaluated from other blends properties. For example, density and viscosity of biodiesel blends can be predicted based on blend refractive index. More than that, refractive index can be used as a reliable physical property to predict transesterification reaction progress. As a result, the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends is important in order to characterize these blends or to monitor the evolution of transesterification process of vegetable oils or animal fats. The refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be experimentally determined or evaluated based on refractive indices of diesel fuel and biodiesel. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of refractive index of diesel fuel +biodiesel blends calculation, using models initially proposed to evaluate the refractive index of a binary liquid mixture. It was shown that the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be accurately predicted from refractive indices of the components of the blend. Wiener, Heller and Edward equations can be recommended to predict with a great accuracy the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends.
A study of rheological behavior for refined rapeseed oil
Authors: Stanciu Ioana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe refined rapeseed oil were carefully studied in recent years because they may constitute a raw material for biodegradable lubricants getting organic. These oils are an alternative to synthetic mineral oils. This article presents rheological behavior of refined rapeseed oil. The dynamic viscosity of refined rapeseed oil was determined at temperatures range between 313 - 363 K and shear rates range from 3.3 - 120 s-1. For temperature ranging between 313 - 363 K refined rapeseed oil has a Bingham fluid behavior.
Development of Aloe vera based edible coating for tomato
Authors: Athmaselvi K.A. , Sumitha P. , Revathy B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The effect of formulated Aloe vera based edible coating on mass loss, colour, firmness, pH, acidity, total soluble solid, ascorbic acid and lycopene on the coated tomato was investigated. The tomato in control showed a rapid deterioration with an estimated shelf life period of 19 days, based on the mass loss, colour changes, accelerated softening and ripening. On the contrary, the coating on tomatoes delayed the ripening and extended the shelf life up to 39 days. The physiological loss in weight was 7.6 and 15.1%, firmness was 36 and 46.2 N on 20th day for control and coated tomatoes, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that the use of Aloe vera based edible coating leads to increased tomato shelf-life.
Physicochemical and grinding characteristics of dragonhead seeds
Authors: Dziki D. , Miś A. , Gładyszewska B. , Laskowski J. , Kwiatkowski S. , Gawlik-Dziki U. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The results of investigations on the physicochemical and grinding characteristics of Moldavian dragonhead seeds are presented. The data obtained showed that the physical properties (average size, sphericity, surface area, 1 000 seed mass, dynamic angle of repose, coefficient of static friction, and bulk and true densities) of the white and blue form of dragonhead seeds were not significantly different. Both forms of dragonhead showed similar levels of protein (average of 21%), whereas the blue form of dragonhead had a lower fat content (average of 23.1%) and higher mucilage content (13.35%) in comparison to the blue form of seed (24.6 and 9.95%, respectively). Antioxidant capacity of dragonhead seeds was comparable for both forms and averaged about 40%, which corresponded to EC50 values of 0.12 and 0.13 mgml-1 for the white and blue forms, respectively. The grinding material showed similar particle size distribution of ground material for both forms of dragonhead seeds. The lowest values of specific grinding energy were obtained for the white form of dragonhead seeds, those for the blue form were significantly higher. Grinding of dragonhead seeds using a screen 2.0 mm mesh size caused screen hole clogging. This problem did not occur when dragonhead seeds were mixed with wheat grain.
Evapotranspiration and simulation of soil water movement in small area vegetation
Authors: Paraskevas C. , Georgiou P. , Ilias A. , Panoras A. , Babajimopoulos C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In Greece, crops are frequently cultivated in small isolated areas in close proximity to roads and bare soils and therefore evapotranspiration is affected by local advection. Under these circumstances, oasis effect conditions are present and evapotranspiration is higher than what is expected. In this paper, the evapotranspiration and soil water dynamics of a cotton crop cultivated in small areas under the oasis effect is studied. To this end, two isolated free-drainage lysimeters cultivated with cotton in the year 2007 were used. Soil moisture of the soil profile of both the lysimeters was monitored with two capacitance water content probes. The soil water balance method was used to estimate crop evapotranspiration and corresponding crop coefficients in one of the two lysimeters. These coefficients were 75% larger than the FAO-56 crop coefficients at the mid-season stage. The FAO-56 and the derived crop coefficients were used for the simulation of the water dynamics in the second lysimeter by the SWBACROS model. The derived crop coefficients for these conditions produced much better results than the FAO-56 crop coefficients. The results were improved when crop coefficient value equal to 2.5 was used for the mid-season stage.
Eliminating Knowledge Bottlenecks Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Zajec Maja , Kofjač Davorin , Roblek Matjaž 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In the formation of new processes, innovations generated by people possessing the right knowledge and talent play a crucial role. Our starting point was the fact that every new change in processes can alter the knowledge structure of a work position or work role. This means that a person can become a knowledge bottleneck in the process. If this person is found on a critical path, the process cannot produce the output in a desired form, extent or quality, unless the bottleneck is removed. For this reason, we developed a decision model founded on fuzzy logic. The result of the fuzzy model is knowledge estimation based on deviation between the required and actual knowledge. For faster decision making, we made a presentation of allocated people on desired roles using the heat map technique. Therefore, the employers make better decisions on actual knowledge allocation, acquiring missing knowledge, or defining knowledge required for the future, which makes them more competitive.
Competency Management in Central Europe: A Comparison of Czech, Hungarian and Slovenian Competency Needs
Authors: Mühlbacher Jürgen , Kovač Jure , Novotny Adam , Putnová Anna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
After a strong focus on transition processes in Central East European countries (CEE), this topic has been displaced by more dramatic merger and reorganization processes or the recent financial crisis. This obscures the fact that we know almost nothing about the management competencies in these countries, which is an important building or stumbling block for future development. Therefore, we will examine the individual competencies of almost 300 top and middle managers in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia, and we will compare the different sets of competencies and interpret them according to the given economic situation in these countries
Personality: Blessing or Curse? The Entrepreneur’s Path from Personal to Leadership Competencies
Authors: Forster Michael , Parrer Philipp , Wöss Nina Maria 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper is based on a study which investigates the relevance of management competencies in Austrian organizations, focusing on start-ups. The study as well as the existing literature confirms that personal competencies such as ambition, selfconfidence or assertiveness are perceived as more important by start-ups than by established companies. However, further results of the paper show that especially leadership competencies play a major role in developing a growing start-up whereas personal competencies fade into the background and can even have a negative impact on turnover growth. In general, the paper discusses special characteristics of competence classes for start-ups and examines differences and similarities in comparison to established companies. As it has already been indicated, the evidence leads to different and surprising considerations for entrepreneurs and growing start-ups.
Management Competencies and Organizational Performance in CEE: A Comparison of Slovenia and Austria
Authors: Šparl Petra , Žnidaršič Anja , Kasper Helmut , Mühlbacher Jürgen , Kovač Jure 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Today management competencies are seen as the only long-term strategic advantage of any company. However, from corporate experience we know that only 10 % of the knowledge acquired is transferred into entrepreneurial practice. Current trends in management development often overemphasize individual learning and ignore the missing fit between individual behavior and organizational performance. To meet these demands, we collected competency attributions of managers attending executive courses in Austria and Slovenia. A questionnaire with closed and open question will help to explore and compare the relation between organizational performance and current management competencies in these countries. The results confirm our predictions to a lesser extent. However, they represent a basis for further examination of the relationship between managerial competencies and organizational performance.
Sport and Philosophy of Hospitality: Three Questions on How to Rethink Contemporary Sport Education in Light of Gift and Peace
Authors: Isidori Emanuele , Echazarreta Rafael Ramos 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The ancient Olympic Games were held in spaces and places consecrated for hospitality, to xénia, a Greek word that means “gifts” but also something that refers to and belongs to strangers and foreigners. Foreigners from every part of Greece met in Olympia to celebrate the agón. In this place, a stranger or a foreigner (hostis in Latin), probably a former enemy, became a friend because he was both guest and host (hospes in Latin) in the sanctuary-town, which belonged to the gods and to all of the Greeks, who recognized themselves in its spirit. This mechanism of hospitality formed the basis of the Olympic peace system and was the fundamental prerequisite for the celebration of agón. The practice of the agón was therefore made possible by a “gift” but also by “for-giveness” that allowed people to meet and compete. We can conclude that at the base of the Olympic (and Greek) ethics there was the concept of hospitality. Olympia was then the common home of all Greeks, the place where ethics were carried out, were put into practice, and concretely exercised. It is not a pure coincidence that the Greek word “ethics” is linked to the word éthos, which means “house”, “home”. For this reason, ethics can be thought as the art of hosting somebody in our own home and trusting him/her, just as it happened in ancient Olympia during the Olympic Games, which demonstrated that ethics was always a home’s ethics. Therefore, taking into account this cultural and philosophical framework, this study will develop a methodological approach, derived from deconstructionism, which will be applied to concepts that are both ambiguous and semantically rich in meaning, such as “gift”, “forgiveness”, xénos, hostis, and hospes. The first objective of this study is to reflect upon the connection between “gift” and “sport” and show the deep interconnection between the two concepts. The second is to use the model of Greek hospitality at the Olympic Games to deeply rethink sport and contemporary philosophy of sport education in terms of peace and multiculturalism.
Rhumb-Line Sailing by Computation
Authors: Morgaś Wacław , Kopacz Zdzisław 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Proposals of algorithms for solving Navigation faculty’s problems regarding navigation along rhumb line (loxodrome), for officer trainees and civil students of Faculty of Navigation and Naval Weapons and for deck seamen on operational level, are presented in this paper. Proposals of calculation algorithms given in the article cover simple mathematical totting based on plane sailing (navigational) triangle and Mercator triangle (Mercator sailing). The algorithms refer to traditional methods of solving problems and they do not cover solutions applicable in automated (integrated) navigational systems. The formulas enable to solve the tasks with a use of electronic calculator and application of traditional methods on plane and sphere, and they also take the Earth’s ellipsoidal shape into consideration.
On the origin of space
Authors: Herrmann Richard 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Within the framework of fractional calculus with variable order the evolution of space in the adiabatic limit is investigated. Based on the Caputo definition of a fractional derivative using the fractional quantum harmonic oscillator a model is presented, which describes space generation as a dynamic process, where the dimension d of space evolves smoothly with time in the range 0 ≤ d(t) ≤ 3, where the lower and upper boundaries of dimension are derived from first principles. It is demonstrated, that a minimum threshold for the space dimension is necessary to establish an interaction with external probe particles. A possible application in cosmology is suggested.
Perceived Levels of Frustration During Clinical Situations in Athletic Training Students
Authors: Heinerichs Scott , Curtis Neil , Gardiner-Shires Alison 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Athletic training students (ATSs) are involved in various situations during the clinical experience that may cause them to express levels of frustration. Understanding levels of frustration in ATSs is important because frustration can affect student learning, and the clinical experience is critical to their development as professionals.

Objective:
To explore perceived levels of frustration in ATSs during clinical situations and to determine if those perceptions differ based on sex.

Design:
Cross-sectional study with a survey instrument.

Setting:
A total of 14 of 19 professional, undergraduate athletic training programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education in Pennsylvania.

Patients or Other Participants:
Of a possible 438 athletic training students, 318 (72.6%) completed the survey.

Main Outcomes Measure(s):
The Athletic Training Student Frustration Inventory was developed and administered. The survey gathered demographic information and included 24 Likert-scale items centering on situations associated with the clinical experience. Descriptive statistics were computed on all items. The Mann-Whitney U was used to evaluate differences between male and female students.

Results:
A higher level of frustration was perceived during the following clinical situations: lack of respect by student-athletes and coaching staffs, the demands of the clinical experience, inability of ATSs to perform or remember skills, and ATSs not having the opportunity to apply their skills daily. Higher levels of frustration were perceived in female than male ATSs in several areas.

Conclusions:
Understanding student frustration during clinical situations is important to better appreciate the clinical education experience. Low levels of this emotion are expected; however, when higher levels exist, learning can be affected. Whereas we cannot eliminate student frustrations, athletic training programs and preceptors need to be aware of this emotion in order to create an environment that is more conducive to learning.
Invalid Performance and the ImPACT in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players
Authors: Szabo Ashley J. , Alosco Michael L. , Fedor Andrew , Gunstad John 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a computerized cognitive test battery commonly used for concussion evaluation. An important aspect of these procedures is baseline testing, but researchers have suggested that many users do not use validity indices to ensure adequate effort during testing. No one has examined the prevalence of invalid performance for college football players.

Objective:
To examine the prevalence of invalid scores on ImPACT testing.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 159 athletes (age = 20.3 ± 1.41 years; range = 17.8–23.7 years) from a Division I collegiate football team participated.

Intervention(s):
An informational intervention regarding the importance of concussion testing to promote safety was administered before testing for the most recent season.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We examined preseason ImPACT testing data across a 3-year period (total assessments = 269). Based on invalid and sandbagging indices denoted by the ImPACT manual, protocols were examined to indicate how many invalid indices each athlete had.

Results:
A total of 27.9% (n = 75) of assessments were suggestive of invalid scores, with 4.1% (n = 11) suggesting invalid responding only, 17.5% (n = 47) indicating “sandbagging” only, and 6.3% (n = 17) showing both invalid and sandbagging responding. The informational intervention did not reduce the prevalence of invalid responding.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the need for further information about the ImPACT validity indices and whether they truly reflect poor effort. Future work is needed to identify practices to reliably target and reduce invalid responding.
Role of dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography as a problem-solving tool in dense breasts: A case report
Authors: Sleeba Teena , Subapradha Anand , Ramachandran Madan , Krishnaswami Murali 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBreast density is strongly and independently related to the risk of breast cancer. Women with very dense breasts may have up to five times higher chances of developing malignancy as compared to those with less breast density. Detecting lesions in extremely dense or heterogeneous breasts on screening mammogram can be difficult. We report a case of incidental bilateral breast malignancy in an asymptomatic patient in whom mammogram and screening ultrasound were equivocal.
Diabetes mellitus in Myanmar: Socio-cultural challenges and strength
Authors: Aye Than , Aung Moe , Oo Ei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMyanmar is a country with significant administrative and natural divisions. Access to health-care in few parts is adversely affected by socio-economic as well as infrastructural development. With the prevalence of more than 10%, diabetes needs a special attention including the psycho-social management. Major challenges including public health seeking behavioral issues, presence of traditional medicine, life-style and diet and issues pertaining to religion and environmental was studied in the current study to find out ways for improvement in the overall diabetes care in Myanmar. Although, diabetes project, under the guidance and support by World Health Organization, has been implementing the strategies for prevention, early case detection and proper diabetes care in Myanmar, few areas of concern discussed in the paper needs to be taken into consideration and implemented in the project to have the optimal outcome. Not only stake holders but also health-care personals are responsible for improvement in all aspects of diabetes by modification of health-care system and facilitating the desired changes.
Diabetes and play therapy
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Chugh Shuchy , Dinakaran P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Context: Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong disorder needing 24 × 7 × 365 care and attention. In these children, adherence to prescribed medical regimens and monitoring on a continuous basis is one of the most challenging problems faced by the medical community. Self-management becomes very essential for ensuring good outcomes, since psychosocial factors also play a crucial role in regimen adherence and glycemic control. Aim: This article aims to describe the utility of play therapy in diabetes management. Play therapy is a useful approach that can help in establishing a dynamic interpersonal relationship between the child and the therapist in a playful unconventional manner, supporting in their learning process for self-management. Materials and methods: This communication reviews available literature on play therapy, and describes examples of play therapy used in a mulitnational programme. The changing diabetes in children program focused at reaching out to the economically underprivileged children with type 1 diabetes, has implemented two useful play therapy tools to help the type 1 child learn to take insulin injections and understand the basic do′s and don′ts for proper diabetes management. Conclusion: Play-therapy is useful in making the difficult task of managing diabetes interesting and easy.
Polyampholyte acrylic latexes for tablet coating applications
Authors: Ladika Mladen , Kalantar Thomas H. , Shao Hui , Dean Stacey L. , Harris J. Keith , Sheskey Paul J. , Coppens Karen , Balwinski Karen M. , Holbrook Debora L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolyampholyte latexes can exist within a certain pH range as low‐viscosity aqueous dispersions, while upon a pH shift to the vicinity of the isoelectric point they undergo ionic coacervation. Three classes of coacervation latexes were synthesized and evaluated for their suitability for use in tablet coating applications. Pharmaceutical tablet coatings are commonly based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, poly(vinyl alcohol), and acrylic polymers. Because of the high viscosity of their aqueous solutions, and to the consequent required low concentrations of the tablet coating polymers in the coating solutions to enable sufficiently low viscosity for effective spray application, the current commercial pharmaceutical tablet coating technology requires the removal of large amounts of water during the manufacturing process. In this work, films prepared from high‐solids, low‐viscosity coacervated acrylic latexes showed good hardness, very low tackiness, an excellent combination of optical properties, and very low water vapor permeability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40049.