bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal partitioning of microhabitat use among four juvenile fish species of the genusDiplodus(Pisces: Perciformes, Sparidae)
Authors: Ventura Daniele , Jona Lasinio Giovanna , Ardizzone Giandomenico 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTiming, microhabitat selection and behavior from the onset of settlement to recruitment to the adult population of juvenile fishes of the genusDiplodus(Pisces: Sparidae) were investigated along a rocky coastline in the Central Mediterranean Sea. The settlement periods inDiplodus sargusandDiplodus annulariswere concentrated in spring, between late May and early June, and the recruits leave the nursery grounds in late September–October. Juvenile fishes ofDiplodus puntazzoandDiplodus vulgarisshowed a partial time overlapping, sharing the same zones in winter and early spring, from February to May. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that sea breams settle in well‐defined habitats. The smallest juveniles ofD. sargusandD. puntazzosettled primarily in the shallowest sheltered pebbly areas, located in sciaphilous crannies covered by red algae.Diplodus vulgarissettlers were observed on a wider range of substrata: rock on sand, gravel and pebbles without algal cover or large boulders, generally in deeper waters. The intermediate‐size juveniles ofD. sargus,D. puntazzoandD. vulgarisshowed a preference for rocky substrata with substantial algal cover, with arborescent structures (Phaeophyceae).Diplodus annularisjuveniles showed high fidelity to seagrass beds (Posidonia oceanica). The home range increased over time in all species, highlighting a loss of substrate specificity: larger juveniles were even observed in deeper and different microhabitats outside nursery grounds. This study suggests that shallow infra‐littoral rocky communities with photophilic algae play a key role in recruitment of sparid fishes, affecting the distribution and abundance of juvenile fishes and therefore determining the renewal of populations and the structure of adult assemblages.
Phylogeography of Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) along the Italian coasts
Authors: Cossu Piero , Maltagliati Ferruccio , Pannacciulli Federica G. , Simonini Roberto , Massamba‐N'Siala Gloria , Casu Marco , Lardicci Claudio , Prevedelli Daniela , Castelli Alberto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpecies of the genus Ophryotrocha are a well‐studied group of organisms but, despite the relatively large body of biological studies, little is known about their intra‐specific patterns of genetic diversity. In the present study, we analysed the patterns of genetic variation in samples of Ophryotrocha labronica (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) collected along the Italian coasts within three regions with different thermal regimes: the Northern Adriatic Sea (NAS), the Ligurian Sea (LS), and the South/Southeast Sicilian Sea (SS). A partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used as a genetic marker. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed significant genetic differentiation between the NAS and the other regions. Conversely, little or no genetic structuring was found between the LS and the SS or amongst locations within a given region. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree and a median‐joining network provided evidence for the occurrence of two highly divergent genetic lineages characterized by a high average sequence divergence (17.2%, Kimura two‐parameter distance). The spatial patterns of genetic variation found in O. labronica may reflect the signature of past expansion events of the two genetic lineages. Although the high sequence divergence suggested that cryptic speciation within O. labronica may have occurred, other traits such as the absence of reproductive isolation, pattern of phenotypic variation and habitat specificity prompted us to regard the two groups as distinct COI lineages of O. labronica.
Strong spatial structure, Pliocene diversification and cryptic diversity in the Neotropical dry forest spider Sicarius cariri
Authors: Magalhaes Ivan L. F. , Oliveira Ubirajara , Santos Fabrício R. , Vidigal Teofânia H. D. A. , Brescovit Antonio D. , Santos Adalberto J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Brazilian Caatinga is part of the seasonally dry tropical forests, a vegetation type disjunctly distributed throughout the Neotropics. It has been suggested that during Pleistocene glacial periods, these dry forests had a continuous distribution, so that these climatic shifts may have acted as important driving forces of the Caatinga biota diversification. To address how these events affected the distribution of a dry forest species, we chose Sicarius cariri, a spider endemic to the Caatinga, as a model. We studied the phylogeography of one mitochondrial and one nuclear gene and reconstructed the paleodistribution of the species using modelling algorithms. We found two allopatric and deeply divergent clades within S. cariri, suggesting that this species as currently recognized might consist of more than one independently evolving lineage. Sicarius cariri populations are highly structured, with low haplotype sharing among localities, high fixation index and isolation by distance. Models of paleodistribution, Bayesian reconstructions and coalescent simulations suggest that this species experienced a reduction in its population size during glacial periods, rather than the expansion expected by previous hypotheses on the paleodistribution of dry forest taxa. In addition to that, major splits of intraspecific lineages of S. cariri took place in the Pliocene. Taken together, these results indicate S. cariri has a complex diversification history dating back to the Tertiary, suggesting the history of dry forest taxa may be significantly older than previously thought.
Tag retention, wound healing, and subsequent reproductive history of southern right whales following satellite‐tagging
Authors: Best Peter B. , Mate Bruce , Lagerquist Barbara 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents data from 48 resightings of 16 southern right whales that were satellite‐tagged on the South African coast in September 2001, up to and including 2012. Tag performance in terms of number of days with locations received was significantly higher in males than females, and lowest in cows with calves, and attributed to behavioral differences leading to variable degrees of antenna damage. Resightings occurred from 4 to 4,054 d after tagging: tags were retained in all whales seen within 27 mo, but were apparently shed in all but one individual seen within 36 mo of tagging. The exception was a whale that still had the tag present 11 yr after tagging. Healing at the tag site occurred gradually and within 5 yr of tagging (and 2 yr after tag shedding). No significant difference in the subsequent frequency of calving was detected between 12 tagged and 382 untagged females photographed contemporaneously, and although statistical power was low, a 21% or greater reduction in calving rate in tagged females would seem incompatible with the observations. The death of one female 3 yr after tagging was more likely attributable to a ship strike on an animal debilitated by a prolapsed uterus.
Contesting Putin's nation‐building: the ‘Muslim other’ and the challenge of the Russian ethno‐cultural alternative
Authors: Teper Yuri , Course Daniel D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article explains the crystallisation of a new Russian national discourse, shaped by a challenge posed to Putin's statist non‐ethnic national model by a popularly formed ethno‐cultural alternative, constructed through negation of the ‘Muslim other’. The article describes this new and previously overlooked phenomenon of Russian nationalism and explicates the social mechanism behind its formation. The article concludes that when rampant corruption exists, generating a breakdown of legal order, the ‘other’ is defined through behaviour that deviates from accepted local norms, while the contrasting normative ‘general public’ is defined as ‘Russian’. Such group definitions mean that the current process of Russian grass‐roots exclusive national consolidation is based predominantly on culturally based behavioural codes, rather than on mere ethnic or religious affiliation, as is widely believed. Additionally, a conceptual landmark discourse shift from the question of Russia's mere plausibility as a nation‐state to a focus on its ongoing definition is demonstrated.
Changes in Quality of Life after 3 months of Usual Care in a Large Sample of Patients with Noncancer Pain: The “QOOL: Quality of Life and Pain” Study
Authors: Velázquez Rivera Ignacio , García Escobar Modesto , Moya Riera Jorge Juan , del Saz de la Torre Javier Manuel , Fenollosa Vázquez Pedro , González Mesa José Manuel , Casado Alfonso , Martín Fuentes Mayte , de Andrés Ares Javier 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLarge‐scale observational studies can provide useful information on changes in health outcomes over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 months of usual care on quality of life (QOL) and pain outcomes in noncancer chronic pain patients managed by pain specialists and to examine factors associated with changes in QOL. This was assessed using the EQ‐5D and pain outcomes using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Changes in QOL and pain were studied for the overall sample and in subgroups defined by baseline pain severity. Multivariate regression was used to investigate factors associated with change on EQ‐5D. Three thousand and twenty‐nine patients were included for analysis. After 3 months of usual care, a mean of 40.9% of patients showed improvement on individual EQ‐5D dimensions, with the highest rates of improvement seen on the pain/discomfort (50.8%) and anxiety/depression (48.3%) dimensions. The EQ‐5D Index increased from a mean (SD) of 0.35 (0.2) to 0.58 (0.21) points between baseline and month 3, and the thermometer from 41.5 (19.4) to 58.7 (17.8), indicating a large effect. Improvements in QOL were larger in those with severe baseline pain. The BPI severity summary score improved from a mean (SD) of 6.5 (1.4) to 4.1 (1.7) and the interference summary score from 6.6 (1.5) to 4.2 (1.9). Changes on the BPI severity and interference scores were associated with changes in the EQ‐5D Index and thermometer. In conclusion, 3 months of usual care in noncancer pain patients led to substantial improvements in QOL and pain outcomes.
Analysis of factors affecting immune recovery and initial response to tetanus after DTaP vaccination in pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients
Authors: Boles Erin E. , Chiuzan Codruta , Ragucci Dominic , Hudspeth Michelle P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTransfer of donor immunity after allo‐HSCT is limited, requiring re‐vaccination after HSCT. The CDC 2009 guidelines introduced earlier vaccination post‐HSCT with a uniform vaccination strategy. This study objective was to describe predictors of immune recovery and initial response to tetanus after DTaP vaccination post‐HSCT. We conducted a retrospective chart review of pediatric allo‐HSCT patients transplanted between July 1, 2007–June 30, 2012 who survived >1 yr without relapse (N = 27). Response to tetanus one month after the initial dose of DTaP was defined as a ≥4 fold increase in tetanus titers ≥1 month after vaccination. Wilcoxon rank‐sum exact test and Kruskall–Wallis tests were used to analyze CD4, CD8, and CD19 counts. Exact conditional logistic regression was utilized to analyze initial tetanus vaccination response. A statistically significant increase in median CD4, CD8, and CD19 counts occurred from six to 12 months post‐HSCT (p ≤ 0.0001, 0.005, 0.004). Only 36% of patients had initial tetanus vaccination response at first attempt post‐HSCT. None of the variables tested were statistically significant in predicting initial tetanus response to vaccination. There was no association between predictors of immune recovery or transplant variables and initial tetanus response. A uniform vaccination strategy is unlikely to provide protective antibodies for many post‐HSCT patients and should be evaluated in larger studies.
Statistically comparing EEG/MEG waveforms through successive significant univariate tests: How bad can it be?
Authors: Piai Vitória , Dahlslätt Kristoffer , Maris Eric 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhen making statistical comparisons, the temporal dimension of the EEG signal introduces problems. Guthrie and Buchwald (1991) proposed a formally correct statistical approach that deals with these problems: comparing waveforms by counting the number of successive significant univariate tests and then contrasting this number to a well‐chosen critical value. However, in the literature, this method is often used inappropriately. Using real EEG data and Monte Carlo simulations, we examined the problems associated with the incorrect use of this approach under circumstances often encountered in the literature. Our results show inflated false‐positive or false‐negative rates depending on parameters of the data, including filtering. Our findings suggest that most applications of this method result in an inappropriate familywise error rate control. Solutions and alternative methods are discussed.
Influence of community health volunteers on care seeking and treatment coverage for common childhood illnesses in the context of free health care in rural Sierra Leone
Authors: Yansaneh Aisha I. , Moulton Lawrence H. , George Asha S. , Rao Sowmya R. , Kennedy Ngozi , Bangura Peter , Brieger William R. , Kabano Augustin , Diaz Theresa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether community health volunteers induced significant changes in care seeking and treatment of ill children under five 2 years after their deployment in two underserved districts of Sierra Leone.MethodsA pre‐test–post‐test study with intervention and comparison groups was used. A household cluster survey was conducted among caregivers of 5643 children at baseline and of 5259 children at endline.ResultsIn the intervention districts, treatments provided by community health volunteers increased from 0 to 14.3% for all three conditions combined (P < 0.001). Care seeking from an appropriate provider was not statistically significant (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.88–2.54) between intervention and comparison districts and coverage of appropriate treatment increased in both study groups for all three illnesses. However, the presence of community health volunteers was associated with a 105% increase in appropriate treatment for pneumonia (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22–3.42) and a 55% drop in traditional treatment for diarrhoea (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.96). Community health volunteers were also associated with fewer facility treatments for malaria (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.62).ConclusionAfter implementing free care, coverage for treatment for all three illnesses in both study groups improved. Deployment of community health volunteers was associated with a reduced treatment burden at facilities and less reliance on traditional treatments.
Manual liquid culture on simple Middlebrook 7H9 or MGIT for the diagnosis of smear‐negative pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Battaglioli T. , Soto A. , Agapito J. , Acurio V. , Van der Stuyft P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the performance of liquid culture on simple Middlebrook 7H9 to the one of manual mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) and solid culture on Ogawa for the diagnosis of smear‐negative tuberculosis (SN‐TB) in a high‐burden, resource‐constrained setting.MethodsSputum samples from patients with clinical suspicion of SN‐PTB admitted to two‐third‐level hospitals in Lima between September 2005 and May 2008 were cultured in parallel on simple Middlebrook 7H9, manual MGIT and Ogawa. A case of SN‐TB was defined as one with a positive culture in any medium.ResultsAmong samples from 542 patients, 151 (28%) cases of SN‐TB were identified. The sensitivity of Middlebrook 7H9 (0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.83) was not substantially different from that of MGIT (0.85, 95% CI 0.79–0.91). Ogawa had the lowest sensitivity (0.63, 95% CI 0.55–0.71). The median turnaround time was similar for both liquid media (18 days), and it was shorter than that of Ogawa (30 days).ConclusionsCulture on simple Middlebrook 7H9 performs almost as well as MGIT, at a probably more affordable cost. Further studies on the cost‐effectiveness of this overlooked technique should be performed.
Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawaty V. , Dharmayanti N. L. P. I. , Misriyah  , Pawestri H. A. , Azhar M. , Tallis G. , Schoonman L. , Samaan G. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives.
Epidemiology of Chlamydia psittaci Infection in Racing Pigeons and Pigeon Fanciers in Beijing, China
Authors: Ling Y. , Chen H. , Chen X. , Yang X. , Yang J. , Bavoil P. M. , He C. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOver 3 million racing pigeons (Columba livia) are registered in Beijing City Center for gambling purposes. During 2008–2010, we evaluated the occurrence and prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in racing pigeons as well as the possible zoonotic transmission to pigeon fanciers in six districts of Beijing where pigeon races are particularly popular. C. psittaci‐specific serum antibody titres were obtained from 370 pigeons and 79 fanciers using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 206 and 67 throat swabs were, respectively, collected from pigeons and fanciers and tested for the presence of chlamydial antigen using immunofluorescence. C. psittaci‐specific serum antibody was detected in 37 of 370 pigeons and 19 of 79 fanciers. Of 206 pigeon clinical specimens, 55 were positive for C. psittaci antigen, while 16 of 67 swabs from the pigeon fanciers were positive. Based on ompA sequence analysis, the genotype of several avian and human isolates was genotype B. Thus, both high‐titre C. psittaci‐specific antibody and C. psittaci‐specific antigen were found with relatively high frequency in the pigeon flocks as well as in the pigeon fanciers. Our study suggests that C. psittaci infection is prevalent among the racing pigeon population in Beijing. Moreover, detection of serum antibodies and antigen in pigeon fanciers suggests that exposure and possible zoonotic transmission of C. psittaci from racing pigeons to humans does occur. In view of the life‐threatening respiratory illness C. psittaci may cause in humans, regulatory public health measures, to prevent further spread of the pathogen in avian populations and possible transmission to exposed humans, are urgently needed.
Inferior Parietal Lobule Contributions to Visual Word Recognition
Authors: Sliwinska Magdalena W. , James Alyson , Devlin Joseph T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study investigated how the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) contributes to visual word recognition. We used repetitive TMS to temporarily disrupt neural information processing in two anatomical fields of the IPL, namely, the angular (ANG) and supramarginal (SMG) gyri, and observed the effects on reading tasks that focused attention on either the meaning or sounds of written words. Relative to no TMS, stimulation of the left ANG selectively slowed responses in the meaning, but not sound, task, whereas stimulation of the left SMG affected responses in the sound, but not meaning, task. These results demonstrate that ANG and SMG doubly dissociate in their contributions to visual word recognition. We suggest that this functional division of labor may be understood in terms of the distinct patterns of cortico-cortical connectivity resulting in separable functional circuits.
Asymmetric Connectivity between the Anterior Temporal Lobe and the Language Network
Authors: Hurley Robert S. , Bonakdarpour Borna , Wang Xue , Mesulam M.-Marsel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) sits at the confluence of auditory, visual, olfactory, transmodal, and limbic processing hierarchies. In keeping with this anatomical heterogeneity, the ATL has been implicated in numerous functional domains, including language, semantic memory, social cognition, and facial identification. One question that has attracted considerable discussion is whether the ATL contains a mosaic of differentially specialized areas or whether it provides a domain-independent amodal hub. In the current study, based on task-free fMRI in right-handed neurologically intact participants, we found that the left lateral ATL is interconnected with hubs of the temporosylvian language network, including the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus of the ipsilateral hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, with homotopic areas of the contralateral hemisphere. In contrast, the right lateral ATL had much weaker functional connectivity with these regions in either hemisphere. Together with evidence that has been gathered in lesion-mapping and event-related neuroimaging studies, this asymmetry of functional connectivity supports the inclusion of the left ATL within the language network, a relationship that had been overlooked by classic aphasiology. The asymmetric domain selectivity for language of the left ATL, together with the absence of such an affiliation in the right ATL, is inconsistent with a strict definition of domain-independent amodal functionality in this region of the brain.