bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of a Theoretical Model for Oral Health–Related Quality of Life Among Youths With Cleft
Authors: Broder Hillary L. , Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Sischo Lacey 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We evaluated relationships among physical and psychological indicators and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQOL) in youths with cleft. Methods. We recruited youths aged 7 to 18 years with cleft palate (n = 282) or cleft lip and palate (n = 918) and their caregivers into a 5-year observational investigation at 6 US treatment centers from 2009 to 2011. At baseline, youths completed surveys to assess psychological status. After clinical evaluation, 433 youths received a recommendation for surgery. We developed structural models from the baseline data incorporating age, gender, race, and cleft diagnosis to examine direct relationships between depressive symptoms and, in separate models, self-concept and sense of mastery and OHRQOL. Subsequent models examined the possible mediating effect of surgical recommendation. Results. Depressive symptoms were negatively and self-concept and self-efficacy were positively associated with OHRQOL. Surgical recommendation appeared to mediate the effect of psychological well-being, but not depression, on OHRQOL, even after adjustment for cleft diagnosis. In some models, individual-level characteristics were significant. Conclusions. Path analyses support the theoretical model and underscore the importance of examining positive psychosocial characteristics such as resiliency and self-concept in this patient population.
Cigarette Smoking, Desire to Quit, and Tobacco-Related Counseling Among Patients at Adult Health Centers
Authors: Lebrun-Harris Lydie A. , Fiore Michael C. , Tomoyasu Naomi , Ngo-Metzger Quyen 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We determined cigarette smoking prevalence, desire to quit, and tobacco-related counseling among a national sample of patients at health centers. Methods. Data came from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey and the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. The analytic sample included 3949 adult patients at health centers and 27 731 US adults. Results. Thirty-one percent of health center patients were current smokers, compared with 21% of US adults in general. Among currently smoking health center patients, 83% desired to quit and 68% received tobacco counseling. In multivariable models, patients had higher adjusted odds of wanting to quit if they had indications of severe mental illness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19, 8.97) and lower odds if they had health insurance (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.86). Patients had higher odds of receiving counseling if they had 2 or more chronic conditions (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.78) and lower odds if they were Hispanic (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.96). Conclusions. Cigarette smoking prevalence is substantially higher among patients at health centers than US adults in general. However, most smokers at health centers desire to quit. Continued efforts are warranted to reduce tobacco use in this vulnerable group.
Access to Supermarkets and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: Aggarwal Anju , Cook Andrea J. , Jiao Junfeng , Seguin Rebecca A. , Vernez Moudon Anne , Hurvitz Philip M. , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We examined whether supermarket choice, conceptualized as a proxy for underlying personal factors, would better predict access to supermarkets and fruit and vegetable consumption than mere physical proximity. Methods. The Seattle Obesity Study geocoded respondents’ home addresses and locations of their primary supermarkets. Primary supermarkets were stratified into low, medium, and high cost according to the market basket cost of 100 foods. Data on fruit and vegetable consumption were obtained during telephone surveys. Linear regressions examined associations between physical proximity to primary supermarkets, supermarket choice, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Descriptive analyses examined whether supermarket choice outweighed physical proximity among lower-income and vulnerable groups. Results. Only one third of the respondents shopped at their nearest supermarket for their primary food supply. Those who shopped at low-cost supermarkets were more likely to travel beyond their nearest supermarket. Fruit and vegetable consumption was not associated with physical distance but, with supermarket choice, after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions. Mere physical distance may not be the most salient variable to reflect access to supermarkets, particularly among those who shop by car. Studies on food environments need to focus beyond neighborhood geographic boundaries to capture actual food shopping behaviors.
Neighborhood Food Environment and Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Individual and Neighborhood Effects
Authors: Pruchno Rachel , Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Gupta Adarsh K. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We tested hypotheses about the relationship between neighborhood-level food sources and obesity, controlling for individual-level characteristics. Methods. Data (collected November 2006–April 2008) derived from a random-digit-dial sample of 5688 community-dwelling adults aged 50 to 74 years residing in 1644 census tracts in New Jersey. Using multilevel structural equation models, we created latent constructs representing density of fast-food establishments and storefronts (convenience stores, bars and pubs, grocery stores) and an observed indicator for supermarkets at the neighborhood level, simultaneously modeling obesity and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, education, household income) at the individual level. Results. When we controlled for individual-level age, gender, race, education, and household income, densities of fast-food establishments and storefronts were positively associated with obesity. Supermarkets were not associated with obesity. Conclusions. Because people living in neighborhoods with a higher density of fast food and storefronts are more likely to be obese, these neighborhoods may be optimal sites for interventions.
Vaccination Interest and Trends in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Young Adult Women Aged 18 to 26 Years in the United States: An Analysis Using the 2008–2012 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Schmidt Susanne , Parsons Helen M. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been approved since 2006, yet vaccination rates remain low. We investigated HPV vaccination trends, interest, and reasons for nonvaccination in young adult women. Methods. We used data from the 2008–2012 National Health Interview Survey to analyze HPV vaccine uptake trends (≥ 1 dose) in women aged 18 to 26 years. We used data from the 2008 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey to examine HPV vaccination interest and reasons for nonvaccination among unvaccinated women. Results. We saw significant increases in HPV vaccination for all young women from 2008 to 2012 (11.6% to 34.1%); however, Hispanics and women with limited access to care continued to have lower vaccination rates. Logistic regression demonstrated lower vaccination interest among unvaccinated women in 2010 than 2008. Respondents in 2010 were significantly less likely to give lack of knowledge as a primary reason for nonvaccination. Conclusions. Uptake of HPV vaccine has increased from 2008 to 2012 in young women. Yet vaccination rates remain low, especially among women with limited access to care. However, unvaccinated women with limited health care access were more likely to be interested in receiving the vaccine.
From the Sidelines to the Frontline: How the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Embraced Smoking Cessation
Authors: Santhosh Lekshmi , Meriwether Margaret , Saucedo Catherine , Reyes Reason , Cheng Christine , Clark Brian , Tipperman Doug , Schroeder Steven A. 
Published: March 2014

Smoking is a major contributor to premature mortality among people with mental illness and substance abuse. Historically, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) did not include smoking cessation in its mission. We describe the development of a unique partnership between SAMHSA and the University of California, San Francisco’s Smoking Cessation Leadership Center. Starting with an educational summit in Virginia in 2007, it progressed to a jointly sponsored “100 Pioneers for Smoking Cessation” campaign that provided grants and technical assistance to organizations promoting cessation. By 2013, the partnership established 7 “Leadership Academies,” state-level multidisciplinary collaboratives of organizations focused on cessation. This academic–public partnership increased tobacco quit attempts, improved collaboration across multiple agencies, and raised awareness about tobacco use in vulnerable populations.
Are Latino Immigrants a Burden to Safety Net Services in Nontraditional Immigrant States? Lessons From Oregon
Authors: López-Cevallos Daniel 
Published: March 2014

The significant growth of the Latino population in the midst of an economic recession has invigorated anti-Latino, anti-immigrant sentiments in many US states. One common misconception is that Latino immigrants are a burden to safety net services. This may be particularly true in nontraditional immigrant states that have not historically served Latino immigrants. Oregon data suggest that despite a higher prevalence of poverty, use of safety net services among Latino immigrants in Oregon is lower than that among non-Latino Whites. Immigration status, costs, lack of insurance coverage, and discrimination are among the reasons for this group’s limited use of services. Nevertheless, policies designed to strengthen community and institutional support for Latino immigrant families should be considered in the context of current health care and immigration reform efforts.
Improved Survival and Renal Prognosis of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy With Improved Control of Risk Factors
Authors: Andrésdóttir Gudbjörg , Jensen Majken L. , Carstensen Bendix , Parving Hans-Henrik , Rossing Kasper , Hansen Tine W. , Rossing Peter 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate long-term survival, development of renal end points, and decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN) after renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition and multifactorial treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have become standard of care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All patients with type 2 diabetes and DN (n = 543) at the Steno Diabetes Center were followed during 2000–2010. GFR was measured yearly with 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance. Annual decline in GFR was determined in patients with at least three measurements over a minimum of 3 years (∆GFR cohort, n = 286). Results were compared with historical data, obtained using identical criteria at our hospital, before implementation of current treatment guidelines.

RESULTS
Baseline mean (SD) GFR was 74 (32) mL/min/1.73 m2. More than 93% received RAS inhibition. During median 7.8 (interquartile range 5.7–9.8) years, mean (SE) annual GFR decline was 4.4 (0.24) compared with previously 5.2 (0.27) mL/min/1.73 m2/year (P = 0.04). Doubling of plasma creatinine or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) developed in 19%, and 37% died during 5.7 (3.3–8.8) years. Mortality from onset of DN in the ∆GFR cohort was compared with that of our prior ∆GFR cohort from 1983 to 2003 (n = 227). Crude mortality risk was reduced by 42% and after age adjustment by 50% (P &lt; 0.001 for both). In a multistate model accounting for competing risks of ESRD and death, prior cardiovascular disease and lower GFR were predictors of mortality, whereas albuminuria, HbA1c, and low GFR predicted ESRD.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall prognosis has improved considerably with current multifactorial treatment of DN in type 2 diabetes, including long-term RAS inhibition.
Association of Serum Concentration of TNFR1 With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Follow-up of the SURDIAGENE Cohort
Authors: Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Gand Elise , Ragot Stéphanie , Ducrocq Grégory , Halimi Jean-Michel , Hulin-Delmotte Charlotte , Llaty Pierre , Montaigne David , Rigalleau Vincent , Roussel Ronan , Velho Gilberto , Sosner Philippe , Zaoui Philippe , Hadjadj Samy ,   for the SURDIAGENE Study Group
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
Renal dysfunction is a key risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Circulating tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) was recently suggested as a strong biomarker for end-stage renal failure in T2D. However, its relevance regarding all-cause death has yet to be conclusively established. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of serum TNFR1 concentration for all-cause death in T2D and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the SURDIAGENE (Survie, Diabete de type 2 et Genetique) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 522 T2D patients with DKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &lt;60 and/or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [uACR] &gt;30 mg/mmol) were followed for a median duration of 48 months, and 196 deaths occurred.

RESULTS
Incidence rate (95% CI) for death increased as quartiles of TNFR1 concentration increased (first quartile: 4.7% patient-years [3.0–6.3%]; second quartile: 7.7% [5.4–10.0%]; third quartile: 9.3% [6.7–11.9%]; fourth quartile: 15.9% [12.2–19.5%]). In multivariate analysis taking age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, uACR, and eGFR into account, compared with the first quartile, patients from the fourth quartile had an adjusted hazard ratio for death of 2.98 (95% CI 1.70–5.23). The integrated discrimination improvement index was statistically significant when adding TNFR1 concentration to the UK Prospective Diabetes Study outcome equation (P = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS
TNFR1 is a strong prognostic factor for all-cause mortality in T2D with renal dysfunction, and its clinical utility is suggested in addition to established risk factors for all-cause mortality.
Hegemony, leadership, and integration in South Africa
Authors: Compton Jr. Robert W. 
Published: March 2014

The African National Congress and the regeneration of political power, S. Booysen, 2011. Wits University Press.Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, D. Acemoglu & J. Robinson, 2012. Crown Publishing (Random House).
A Legacy of Liberation: Thabo Mbeki and the Future of the South African Dream, M. Gevisser, 2009. Palgrave-Macmillan.
Persistent arthralgia among Chikungunya patients and associated risk factors in Chennai, South India
Authors: Ramachandran V , Kaur P , Kanagasabai K , Vadivoo S , Murhekar MV 
Published: March 2014

Context:
Chikungunya (CHIK) fever is viral disease characterized by joint pain for prolonged duration in various settings. However, there are no reports of long-term follow-up of the CHIK patients from India.

Aims:
We conducted a cohort study to describe the clinical manifestations, incidence of persistent arthralgia, and the associated risk factors among patients with CHIK identified during an outbreak in a suburb of Chennai, India.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cum prospective cohort study in Gowripet, Avadi, Chennai. We included all adult CHIK case patients identified during the outbreak. We conducted a nested case-control study to identify the risk factors for persistent arthralgia defined as a CHIK case experiencing arthralgia for more than 15 days from the date of onset of illness. We included all 81 patients and 81 randomly selected controls.

Results:
All 403 case patients had joint pain. Approximately 40% suffered joint pain for up to 1 month and 7% had it beyond 1 year. The most commonly affected types of joints were knee (96%), wrist (80%), and ankle (77%) joints. Regarding the number of types of joints affected, 36% had six types of joints, 23% had five types of joints, and 14% had three types of joints affected. The overall incidence of persistent arthralgia was 80%. High-grade fever, involvement of four or more types of joints, and joint swelling were significantly associated with persistent arthralgia.

Conclusions:
High prevalence of persistent arthralgia indicates the need for appropriate treatment strategies to reduce the severity and duration of joint pain.
Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in North India
Authors: Negi H , Sarkar M , Raval AD , Pandey K , Das P 
Published: March 2014

Background and Objectives:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem in India and constitutes an important cause of mortality and morbidity. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) and its determinants in patients with COPD from India.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 126 patients (73.81% male) were enrolled using convenient sampling prospectively in this cross-sectional study. Eligible patients were assessed for socioeconomic status, anthropometric measures, COPD severity, dyspnea and health status using the Hindi version of St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Linear regression model was used to examine the association between risk factors and HRQL score (a higher score indicating poorer HRQL), adjusting for age and sex.

Results:
The mean total score for SGRQ in the patients was 52.66 ± 12.89, indicating a marked impairment of HRQL. Impairment was associated with the severity of airway obstruction, but within each Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, the variation (SD) was wide [stage I: 47.8 ± 12.3 (n = 14); stage II: 49.28 ± 11.69 (n = 47); stage III: 53.47 ± 11.69 (n = 44); stage IV: 61.75 ± 14.14 (n = 21)]. A regression analysis showed that body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), dyspnea grade, and depression were associated with poor HRQL.

Conclusion:
HRQL of COPD patients was significantly impaired across stages. Marked impairment of HRQL was found even in patients with mild disease.
Patient-physician trust among adults of rural Tamil Nadu
Authors: Baidya M , Gopichandran V , Kosalram K 
Published: March 2014

Background:
Trust is the acceptance of a vulnerable situation in which the truster believes that the trustee will act in the truster's best interests. The cornerstone of the patient-physician relationship is "trust". Despite the intensity and importance of trust relationship of patients toward their physician, the phenomenon is rarely studied in developing countries.

Objective:
Our study aimed to explore the concept of patient-physician trust among adults of rural Tamil Nadu to assess the factors affecting patient-physician trust relationship and patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive household survey was carried out on 112 individuals selected by a multistage random sampling method. Men and women aged above 40 years who have visited a health care service at least once during the last 5 years were included in the study. Thom et al's modification of the Anderson and Dedrick Physician Trust scale was used to measure patient trust in physician.

Results:
Trust is a one-dimensional construct in the surveyed population as revealed by an exploratory factor analysis which extracted one component explaining 50% of the overall variance. Trust influences patient's self-reported satisfaction (β coefficient of 0.048; P < 0.001) and remains independent of all the other factors assessed in the study such as, age, gender, education, self-reported health status, time spent with the physician, physician's gender, physician's age, and medical specialty that the physician belongs to. Physician's gender, physician's age, self-reported health status, and time spent with the physician were significantly associated with satisfaction with the physician.

Conclusion:
Trust in physicians seems to not depend on any of the assessed factors and largely seems to be implicit in the physician-patient relationship. Trust in physician is associated with patient satisfaction. Further studies are needed to assess trust in physicians in developing country settings.
Projects not initiated by investigators
Authors: Kuyare SS , Marathe PA , Shetty YC , Kamat SK , Katkar JV , Thatte UM 
Published: March 2014

Background:
Some investigators on receiving queries from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), either leave the queries unanswered or withdraw their studies. The present study was conducted to assess the queries raised by two IECs after reviewing studies that were not initiated and to identify reasons for the same. Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) website was checked to review approval status of these studies at other sites.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of studies (submitted between January 2006 and December 2011) not initiated by investigators on receiving queries from IECs were identified. The nature of of these studies: whether sponsored (pharmaceutical industry (pharma)/government/investigator initiated), single-centre/multi-centric, and queries raised were analyzed. Status of multi-centric trials; not initiated at our site was checked at CTRI. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
A total of 219/2075 (11%) studies were not initiated. The proportions in pharma sponsored, investigator initiated, and government sponsored were 33%. 7.4%, and 8%, respectively. Out of a total of 1676 queries, the maximum queries were related to ethics (42%) and the least were administrative (7%). The largest proportion of queries in the pharma studies was ethical (47%), whereas majority were scientific queries (45.5%) for the investigator initiated studies. Twenty-one of the 94 multi-centric studies not initiated at our site were found registered at the CTRI and were ongoing or completed at 2-55 sites.

Conclusion:
Inability of investigators to defend studies due to lack of good clinical research practice (GCP) and research methodology training or unwillingness of sponsors to comply with local IEC requirements could be potential reasons for studies remaining uninitiated. Continued GCP training of investigators and IEC members and development of uniform ethical review standards across IECs are strongly recommended.
Educar, qualificar: caminhos e descaminhos da educação de jovens e adultos trabalhadores
Authors: Rummert Sonia Maria 
Published: March 2014

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca de questões relativas à qualificação, abordadas em duas perspectivas básicas. Trata-se das concepções de qualificação subordinadas à divisão social do trabalho e da decorrente adequação da força de trabalho às necessidades históricas dos diferentes estágios de expansão e consolidação do capital. Posteriormente, será abordada essa temática à luz do materialismo histórico dialético. Para tanto, será apresentada, inicialmente, uma breve retrospectiva histórica da temática da qualificação, coadunada com as necessidades impostas à classe trabalhadora pelo modo de produção capitalista. A seguir, discorre-se sobre as contribuições marxianas à reflexão sobre a mesma temática. Em continuidade, apresenta-se reflexões preliminares acerca da importância da experiência para a educação de jovens e adultos trabalhadores, na perspectiva da educação comprometida com a emancipação humana.