bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kultury narodowe w procesie wirtualizacji
Authors: Jaskuła Sylwia , Korporowicz Leszek 
Published: May 2015

National cultures in the process of virtualization
The pace of technological development and the associated development of new instruments of communication resulted in a number of consequences that are essential to the very concept of culture and its transformation. Today’s world of virtualization and mediatization of cultures cannot be perceived as inert or static, but should be seen as a process; not as a rigid quasi‑object, but as a continuous and endless stream of variable events. The processes occurring in it, or changes that vary in speed, intensity, rhythm and pace, are becoming the basis for the emergence of new forms of national culture including an unprecedented structure, roles, functions, or intensity. Starting from mobile identities, often created in isolation from one’s own self and free from the usually strict control of the ego and superego, through mobile relations (relationships), and culminating with virtual forms of existence (participation) in the modern, national cultures.
Relacje pomiędzy kulturą a etnicznością w tekstach Cezarii Anny Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowej
Authors: Dorak-Wojakowska Lilianna 
Published: May 2015

Relations between Culture end Ethnicity in the Texts of Cezaria Anna Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowa
The article describes main fields of interest of the outstanding Polish ethnologist, one of the most important researchers of folk rituals and culture in the interwar period. The article analyses her texts dedicated to ethnical and national problems, in which there are deliberations on the research subject of ethnology (whose distinguishing criterion is tradition) and its scientific material, which serve the cognition of culture’s morphology. Research on products of folk culture, mostly from Wileńszczyzna, passed in oral tradition, makes possible such cognition. Interrelationship between ethnicity and culture is present in crucial texts of Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay‑Ehrenkreutz‑Jędrzejewiczowa collected in the volume The Tradition’s Chain written in the years 1922‑1953, such as: ‘From Studies of Wedding Rites of Polish People’ (1929), ‘A Few Notes and News about Ethnography of Wileński District’ (1930), ‘Two Cultures and Two Sciences’ (1936) and ‘Ethnical Groups on the Territory of the Great Duchy of Lithuania and Three Nations’ (1953). Using the phenomenological method in the research of folk culture on the borderland between Poland and Lithuania, Cezaria Jędrzejewiczowa interprets preserved stories, tracks down their main motifs, reveals their genesis and meaning, which has developed over centuries. The article discusses social and cultural determinants of the rural people, such as ties of tradition, ethnical collective consciousness, religion and language.
Priorytety w strategii zachowania tożsamości przez mniejszość serbo łużycką
Authors: Mieczkowska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2015

The Priorities in the Strategy of Behavior by a Minority of Sorbian Identity
The article discusses the priorities and strategies implemented by the Sorbian minority after the reunification of Germany to safeguard its national interests. The political changes‑unification of both German states accelerated and forced conversion of the structure and organization within the minority. Sorbian minority gained the ability to build pluralistic organizational structures based on democratic legal solutions. In the public debate, set objectives and targets to achieve. Postulated among others: ensuring national rights, the protection of the territory of Lausitz, the creation of a new federal state “Lausitz”, an objective assessment of national policy pursued by the SED to the Sorbs. Domowina – the main organization of the Sorbs, held responsible for the processes of assimilation made has been restructured. Currently, it performs the role of a representative of the interests of national minorities, but does not participate in political participation and has no effect on the allocation of financial grant by the provinces on business organizations and institutions of minorities. Not all identified as strategic priorities in 1990 so far implemented‑the process is still open.
Mobilizacja polityczna irackich jezydów po roku 2003
Authors: Siwiec Paweł 
Published: May 2015

Political Mobilization of the Iraqi Yezidis in the post‑Saddam Iraq
Iraqi Yezidis living in the mountainous areas of northern Iraq have been for centuries struggling to survive and preserve their identity. Once mistakenly recognized as worshipers of Satan, they had been sentenced to constant harassment by the Muslim majority. Stubbornly declaring their ethnic and not only religious individuality, they fell into conflict with the majority of the Kurds, with whom they shared the misery of the worst repression during the Baghdad regime. The overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003 significantly activated the Yezidi community. The new political situation in Iraq opened the way for the revival of their culture and sociopolitical integration of their whole community. Since 2005, they have had their representatives not only in local institutions of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, but also in the Iraqi parliament. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the changes in the socio‑political situation of the Iraqi Yezidis in the post‑Saddam Iraq.
Czy homo sacer może zostać obywatelem?
Authors: Radziwinowiczówna Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

Can Homo Sacer Become a Citizen? The Experience of Migration as a Means to Construct Citizenship in a Mexican Transnational Community
The article is a part of a discussion about the efforts of the modern nation‑state to control individuals by circumscribing their mobility. The case study concerns a community from Mixteca region in Oaxaca, Mexico. The exclusion from the labor market contributed to national and international mobility of the community members. Because of their border crossing without the required state authorization migrants are labeled “illegal”. The U.S. nation‑state reduces them to what Giorgio Agamben has called “bare life”. Deportation is manifestation of total power that nation‑state holds over a deportable alien. In the first decade of the 21st century the number of removals equaled deportations during the Great Depression. Members of the transnational community, excluded both by “sending” and “receiving” states, seek ways to build the community’s welfare on their own. It is possible due to collective monetary remittances, which enable the realization of the communitarian goals. That is an example of political culture that constitutes the emerging transnational citizenship.
Polityka integracyjna mniejszości romskiej w Szwecji – model i dobre praktyki
Authors: Kościółek Jakub 
Published: May 2015

Swedish Roma Integration Policy – Model and Good Practicies
Sweden is inhabited by the biggest Roma people population among Nordic countries. The community is however very diverse in reference regarding the language spoken, the belief, and origin. For years this particular minority had been marginalized and even persecuted by the Swedish administration. Only since 1999 it gained the national minority status, which resulted in legal protection from the government and farther integration possibilities for the community that suffered social, political and cultural exclusion in the past. Sweden is perceived presently as country with one of the best Roma integration policy, reaching far beyond the EU minimal standards. Malmö is that Swedish city that may play as a pattern for the effective, successful inclusive approach towards Roma community. The discussed solutions implemented by the city council can play as example of conditions to be followed in order to successfully integrate Roma people.
Deuterated nucleotides as chemical probes of RNA structure: a detailed protocol for the enzymatic synthesis of a complete set of nucleotides specifically deuterated at ribose carbons
Authors: Azad Robert N. , Ingle Shakti , Tullius Thomas D. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We describe here a detailed protocol for the synthesis of ribonucleotides specifically deuterated at each ribose carbon atom. We synthesized 20 specifically deuterated ribonucleotides: ATP, CTP, GTP, and UTP, each of which contained one of five deuterated riboses (either 1′-D, 2″-D, 3′-D, 4′-D, or 5′,5″-D2). Our synthetic approach is inspired by the pioneering work of Tolbert and Williamson, who developed a method for the convenient one-pot enzymatic synthesis of nucleotides (Tolbert, T. J. and Williamson, J. R. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 7929–7940). Our protocol consists of a comprehensive list of required chemical and enzymatic reagents and equipment, detailed procedures for enzymatic assays and nucleotide synthesis, and chromatographic procedures for purification of deuterated nucleotides. As an example of the utility of specifically deuterated nucleotides, we used them to synthesize specifically deuterated sarcin/ricin loop (SRL) RNA and measured the deuterium kinetic isotope effect on hydroxyl radical cleavage of the SRL.
Examination of nutrition habits of high school students 14-18 age<p>14-18 yaş lise öğrencilerinin beslenme alişkanliklarının incelenmesi
Authors: Ildız Mutlu , Saygın Özcan , Özmerdivenli Recep 
Published: May 2015

<p>The aim of the study is to examine eating habits of high school students ages 14-18. A total of 610 (313 girls, 297 boys) volunteer students who is attending in high schools in Denizli, participated in the study. Eating habits were determined by dietary questionnaire which consisting of 10 questions. Statistical calculations were performed with SPSS. To find differences by gender chi-square test were applied. In the event of P values less than 0.05 between-group differences and relationships between variables were considered significant.</p><p class="ecxmsonormal">It was found that p&lt;0.01 level of significant difference between the boys and girls given responses to “Do you always eat your breakfast?”. In the other age groups there was no significant difference. 66.0% of male high school students and 64.9% of the female high school students who participated to survey stated that they hadn’t skipped their lunch with always having their lunch. Whereas at the dinner as a very large majority like 93.3% of boys and 86.6% girls stated that they had always consumed their meals regularly.</p><p>As a result, it can be say that breakfast is the meal that mostly skipped by adolescent students at the age 14-18 and they haven’t regular eating habit and depending on gender there are some changes in eating habits.</p><p><strong>Özet:</strong></p><p>Bu çalışma, 14-18 yaş lise öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya Denizli ili merkez liselerde öğrenim gören 313 kız, 297 erkek olmak üzere toplam 610 gönüllü öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemsel modeli tarama yöntemi olup, katılımcılara beslenme alışkanlıklarını öğrenebilmek için 10 sorudan oluşan beslenme anketi uygulanmıştır. İstatiksel hesaplamalar SPSS programında yapılmıştır. Cinsiyetlere göre farkı bulmak için ki kare testi uygulanmıştır. P değerinin 0,05’ten küçük olması durumunda gruplar arası fark ve değişkenler arası ilişki anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.</p><p>Erkek ve kız lise öğrencilerinin sabah öğünlerinizi her zaman yer misiniz? sorusuna verdikleri cevaplar arasında p&lt;0,01 düzeyinde anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Diğer yaş gruplarında ise anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Araştırmaya katılan erkek lise öğrencilerinin %66.0’sı, kızların ise %64.9’u öğle yemeklerini her zaman yiyerek öğle öğününü atlamadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Akşam öğününde ise erkeklerde %93.3, kızlarda ise %86.6 gibi çok büyük bir çoğunluk her zaman öğünü düzenli olarak tükettiklerini belirtmişlerdir.</p><p>Sonuç olarak, 14-18 yaş adölesan öğrencilerin en çok atladıkları öğünün kahvaltı olduğu, beslenme alışkanlıklarının düzenli olmadığı, cinsiyete bağlı beslenme alışkanlıklarında değişiklikler meydana geldiği söylenebilir.<strong></strong></p>
Hepatitis C virus and autophagy
Authors: Wang Linya , James Ou Jing-hsiung 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process by which cells remove protein aggregates and damaged organelles for recycling. It can also be used by cells to remove intracellular microbial pathogens, including viruses, in a process known as xenophagy. However, many viruses have developed mechanisms to subvert this intracellular antiviral response and even use this pathway to support their own replications. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one such virus and is an important human pathogen that can cause severe liver diseases. Recent studies indicated that HCV could activate the autophagic pathway to support its replication. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interplay between HCV and autophagy and how this interplay affects HCV replication and host innate immune responses.
AGC System after Deregulation Considering TCPS in Series with the Tie-Line
Authors: Abraham Rajesh Joseph , Das D. , Patra A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the study of automatic generation control (AGC) of two area interconnected power system after deregulation, considering a thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with the tie-line. It is possible to minimize the system frequency and tie-power oscillations by controlling the phase angle of TCPS which is expected to provide a new ancillary service for the future power system. Effect of TCPS is examined for three different cases, i.e. (1) unilateral contract, (2) bilateral contract and (3) contract violation. Analysis reveals that a TCPS is quite capable of suppressing the frequency and tie-power oscillations effectively as compared to that obtained without TCPS.
No Proper Name, No Proper Conduct: Company Affiliation and Product Quality in Wenzhou
Authors: Liao Zhimin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This case study demonstrates the far-reaching impact on product quality when private firms were legally recognized and allowed to operate with their own brand names. Previously, when the private firms were forced to affiliate themselves with a governmental organization to get around the entry barrier, they had little incentive to improve the product quality, because too many enterprises were using a same brand name with no effective supervision on each other. Price competition was the only means to survive. This explains the persistent notorious waves of inferior goods through the 1980s to early 1990s. The legalization of private firms in 1992 brought about dramatic improvement in product quality, when the entry barrier against private firms was abolished and private firms began to operate under their own names, and competition through quality improvement began to prevail.
Determination of sub-groups in reference interval calculations and an application
Authors: Temel Gülhan Orekici , Kanık E. Arzu , Yildirim Didem Derici , Ovla H. Didem , Kalafat Hakan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the methods used for dividing reference data into sub-groups and propose a new solution. Therefore, the newly proposed method is used to determine age sub-groups while calculating the reference interval of AST variable.
Methods: The data of this study are composed of the registered patients who applied only once to the polyclinics at the Health Research and Application Hospital, Clinical Bio-Chemistry Laboratory of Mersin University. The main variables selected for the study are sex, age and aspartate transaminase (AST). MARS 2.0 package software was used for the statistical analysis. Harris&Boyd method was used for sex and age while the MARS method was used for the determination of age sub-groups.
Results: According to the Harris&Boyd method, it was concluded that it is not necessary to create sub-groups for sex and age variables. Age sub-groups are determined with the MARS method by taking into account the correlations between AST variables and age. Age sub-groups are calculated as 5-9, 10-18 and 19+. Correlation between the age and AST variable is investigated for these sub-groups. It is obtained that the correlation is statistically not significant for the 5-9 age group (p=0.3189), significant for the 10-18 age group (p<0.001) and significant for 19 and above (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The selection of transformation and outlier value elimination method and especially determination criteria for separation of sub-groups are made according to researcher’s subjective desicions in the application of many studies. Because of this reason, MARS can be used as an alternative and objective method for determining subgroups. In addition, results of MARS method being parallel with the findings of the producing company supported the usage of this method for determination of sub-groups.
Determination of some physicochemical parameteres and inorganic nutrient content of Gediz River (Manisa)
Authors: Şentürk Tuğba , Yıldız Şükran 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective: This present investigation aimed at assessing the water quality of the Gediz River located in western Turkey.
Methods: Some physicochemical parameters and nutrient concentrations of the surface water of Gediz River were determined over a period of twelve months (October to September 2012) at 5 sampling sites along the river.
Results: Data on some ions namely NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N and PO-34-P were measured. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity and dissolved oxygen were also determined to assess the chemical status and pollution levels of the river. The measured data were given as mean, maximum, minimum values, respectively. In this context; the ranges for Water temperature [17.95°C±1.37ºC (30.2-4.5)], pH [7.45±0.06 (8.11-6.66)], Dissolved Oxygen [3.84±0.65 mg/L (6.25-2.43)], Electrical Conductivity (E.C) [1051.4±216.07 μS/cm (3000-296)], Salinity [0,16±0,05 ppt (0,8-0,1)], Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) [1.772±0.8228 mg/L (4.642-0.057)], Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) [0.605±0.4224 mg/L (2.312-0.050)], Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) [46.014±44.9878 mg/L (151.965-2.855)], Phosphate phosphorus (PO-34-P) [5.489±3.6356 mg/L (20.350-0.190)] were found to be higher than the natural background levels for surface water.
Conclusion: This indicates pollution of the river water samples from the areas studied. Our findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality of the river due to anthropogenic and agriculturel activities.
Characterization of three new plasmids from Lactobacillus paracasei 54
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Zhao Yizhen , Zhang Chen , Shen Lei , Jiang Han , Gu Qing 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective: Three plasmids from Lactobacillus paracasei 54 were isolated from healthy newborn infant fecal samples.
Methods: Plasmid was extracted using an AxyPrep Plasmid Miniprep Kit and lysozyme. The extracted plasmids were sequenced using a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX.
Results: Three plasmids were isolated from Lactobacillus paracasei 54. These plasmids are designated pLP5401- 03, and they are 9754, 6650, and 1788 bp in size.
Conclusion: Plasmids pLP5401 and pLP5402 were found to contain replication genes that are likely to function via the theta-type mechanism. Plasmid pLP5403 is predicted to replicate via the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mechanism. The RCR replication plasmid can be applied as a useful vector in the food industry
Über die Darstellung sowie Elektronen-und CD-Spektren der Co(I)-Form einiger natürlicher Corrinoide / Synthesis and Spectra (Electronic, CD ) of the Co(I) Form of Several Natural Corrinoids
Authors: Moskophidis Matthäus 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Several natural corrinoids, cobalamin, 5-hydroxybenzimidazolyl cobamide (factor III), adenyl cobam ide (pseudovitam in B12), 2-methyladenyl cobamide (factor A) and cobyric acid, were reduc­ed with sodium borohydride. The reduction of cyanocobalam in is slow as compared with that of factor III and especially of the other corrinoids under study. At longer wavelengths (λ > 300 nm) the electronic spectra of the Co(I)-corrinoids are nearly identical. The same is to say about the CD-spectra of the Co(I)-corrinoids examined.
A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation of Water in Solutions with Proline, Glycinebetaine, Glycerol and Albumin
Authors: Schobert Brigitte 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The (ν2 + ν3) combination band of water has been investigated in aqueous solutions of proline, glycinebetaine and glycerol and in a three component solution with each of these substances and albumin. It is shown that the hydrogen bonding strength between the water protons and proline or betaine is higher than between water and glycerol. Betaine exhibits a higher affinity versus the oxygen of water than does proline.
The water binding capacity of pure proline solutions is unchanged in a three-component solution with albumin. Proline neither enhances nor reduces the solubility of this highly soluble protein. In contrast, in a three-component solution with betaine, the solubility of both betaine and album in is reduced. It is assumed that these solute particles compete for the same binding position on the water molecule. Concentrated glycerol solutions with very low water concentrations dissolve a considerable amount of albumin, which points to the fact that the protein must be partly dissolved in glycerol itself.
Sinapine Esterase I. Characterization of Sinapine Esterase from Cotyledons of Raphanus sativus
Authors: Nurmann Gerhild , Strack Dieter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
From cotyledons of Raphanus sativus (red radish) an esterase activity which catalyzes the hy­drolysis of sinapine into sinapic acid and choline has been isolated. The enzyme, which has a near absolute specificity, is not analogous with any esterase described in the literature. The reaction has a pH optimum of 8.5 and the apparent Km is 1.95 × 10-5 m. The enzyme is relatively insensi­tive to both physostigmine (eserine) {Ki = 1.73 × 10-4 m) and neostigmine (Ki = 2 .1 3 × 10-4 ᴍ). Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) showed no inhibition and diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E 600) only a slight inhibitory effect at 10-5 ᴍ, respectively. Choline (10-2 ᴍ) was inhibitory but acetylcholine (10-2 ᴍ) stimulated the enzyme activity.
Purification and Properties of the Soluble 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase of Rabbit Uterus
Authors: Pollow Kunhard , Eiger Walter , Heßlinger Herrmann , Pollow Barbara 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
17 β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards estradiol-17 β has been demonstrated in the 105,000 X g supernatant of rabbit uterus. Hydroxylapatite chromatography of the enzyme activity isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromato­graphy yielded a single 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Further purification of the enzyme preparation by isoelectric focusing resulted in multiple peaks of activity. The molecular weight or the enzyme, calculated from mobility data on Sephadex gel, is approximately 64,000.
Some properties of partially purified 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity have been studied.
Estradiol-17 β reacts at a faster rate than testosterone. The Km for estradiol is 4.16X 10-5 mol/1 for the NAD-linked enzyme activity and 4.37 X 10-5 mol/1 when NADP as cofactor was used. The ratio of the maximal velocity for NADP to that for NAD was 1.42. The pH-optimum for estradiol appears between 9.5 and 10.5 and for estrone between 5.5 and 6.5. The enzyme appears to be of the sulfhydryl type.