bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Assisted Classification of T1ρ‐MR Based Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Phases
Authors: Li Yanrun , Hu Meiyu , Chen Junhong , Ling Zemin , Zou Xuenong , Cao Wuteng , Wei Fuxin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAccording to the T1ρ value of nucleus pulposus, our previous study has found that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can be divided into three phases based on T1ρ‐MR, which is helpful for the selection of biomaterial treatment timing. However, the routine MR sequences for patients with IDD are T1‐ and T2‐MR, T1ρ‐MR is not commonly used due to long scanning time and extra expenses, which limits the application of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases.PurposeTo build a deep learning model to achieve the classification of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases from routine T1‐MR images.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationSixty (M/F: 35/25) patients with low back pain or lower limb radiculopathy are randomly divided into training (N = 50) and test (N = 10) sets.Field Strength/Sequences1.5 T MR scanner; T1‐, T2‐, and T1ρ‐MR sequence (spin echo).AssessmentThe T1ρ values of the nucleus pulposus in intervertebral discs (IVDs) were measured. IVDs were divided into three phases based on the mean T1ρ value: pre‐degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value >110 msec), rapid degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value: 80–110 msec), and late degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value <80 msec). After measurement, the T1ρ values, phases, and levels of IVDs were input into the model as labels.Statistical TestsIntraclass correlation coefficient, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1‐score, accuracy, precision, and recall (P < 0.05 was considered significant).ResultsIn the test dataset, the model achieved a mean average precision of 0.996 for detecting IVD levels. The diagnostic accuracy of the T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases was 0.840 and the AUC was 0.871, the average AUC of 5‐folds cross validation was 0.843.Data ConclusionThe proposed deep learning model achieved the classification of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases from routine T1‐MR images, which may provide a method to facilitate the application of T1ρ‐MR in IDD.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Evaluation of the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction related to the use of internal eye shields for electron external beam radiation therapy
Authors: Tait Kirsty , Burgess Sinead , Burmeister Elizabeth A. , Le Nguyen Thuan Anh , Burmeister Bryan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionCancers around the eye are often treated using orthovoltage machines or by plastic surgery, neither of which are widely available in regional Australia. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) using electrons and an internal eye shield is an alternative, relatively underreported technique which can provide similar cosmetic and functional outcomes. This report aimed to describe the process for the use of internal eye shields at GenesisCare Fraser Coast Radiation Oncology (GCFCRO) and the associated clinical outcomes and patient perceptions of the delivery and results of this procedure.MethodsThis project was conducted in two phases. Phase I was an audit of the departmental technique and short‐term clinical outcomes of 17 patients who received EBRT for skin cancer near the eyes at GCFCRO in partnership with Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service (WBHHS). Phase II was a survey of nine of those patients to elicit the patient perspective of the delivery and long‐term outcomes of the treatment.ResultsPhase I revealed the departmental procedures for simulation, planning and treatment at GCFCRO are consistent with other departments published protocols. Phase II results detailed positive patient perspectives regarding cosmetic outcomes and receipt of EBRT for skin cancer near their eyes.ConclusionEBRT with an internal eye shield is an acceptable alternative modality to surgery for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC) around the eye in the definitive and adjuvant setting. This is particularly important in regional locations to facilitate patients receiving high‐quality care and outcomes locally.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Granot Maya , Beinvogl Beate C. , Schvimer Michael , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Matar Manar , Ben Tov Amir , Feler Anat Y. , Nachum Nurit , Morgenstern Sara , Mayer Chen , Shamir Raanan , Weiss Batia , Shouval Dror S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesAutoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder with potential long‐term sequelae including gastric neoplasia. There is limited data on the natural history of pediatric AIG. We aimed to characterize the clinical course and outcomes of children with AIG.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study that included pediatric patients diagnosed with AIG between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. Diagnosis of AIG was based on the demonstration of histological corpus‐predominant atrophic gastritis, with or without positive antiparietal cell (APCA) or anti‐intrinsic factor (IF) antibodies. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histologic data were retrieved, along with follow‐up data.ResultsThirty‐three patients, (23 females [69.7%], median age 12.0 [interquartile range 7.0–15.0] years at diagnosis) were identified. Twenty‐two patients (66.7%) had positive APCA and/or anti‐IF serology. The most common presenting manifestation was iron deficiency anemia (75%), and accompanying autoimmune disorders were significantly more common in patients with positive serology (62% vs. 18%, p < 0.05). Pseudo‐pyloric or intestinal‐type metaplasia was present at diagnosis in eight patients (24%), and 11 additional patients (33%) developed metaplasia during a median follow‐up time of 27 (17.5–48.3) months. One patient developed a type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor. Helicobacter pylori was identified in only one patient, while two patients had prior eradication. Endoscopic and histologic improvements weren't identified in any patients.ConclusionsAIG should be considered in patients with autoimmunity and resistant iron‐deficiency anemia. H. pylori infection may not be associated with pediatric AIG. The development of neuroendocrine tumor in one patient, and the high rates of metaplasia, highlight the importance of surveillance.
Tourism's contribution to human development and the reduction of poverty and inequality: Empirical evidence at a regional level in Spain
Authors: Cárdenas‐García Pablo Juan , Brida Juan Gabriel , Alcalá‐Ordóñez Alejandro , Segarra Verónica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScientific literature has begun to analyze the capacity of tourism as a development instrument, although until now, it has relied on a country level focus. This innovative work analyzes the relationship between tourism and development at a regional level, establishing the hypothesis that tourism affects different dimensions of development (human development, poverty, and income inequality) and, furthermore, that differences exist at a regional level within the same country. Regional data from Spain are used for the 2004–2021 period, applying the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test to analyze the relationships between these variables in global terms while also disaggregating between touristic and non‐touristic regions. The results only verify that tourism has a positive effect on improving human development in regions of high tourism intensity. These results suggest the need for tourism policies that are linked to the regional administrative level.
TrachGPT: Appraisal of tracheostomy care recommendations from an artificial intelligent Chatbot
Authors: Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Davis Ryan J. , Lin Matthew E. , Vukkadala Neelaysh , O'Dell Karla , Swanson Mark S. , Johns Michael M. , Shuman Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveSafe home tracheostomy care requires engagement and troubleshooting by patients, who may turn to online, AI‐generated information sources. This study assessed the quality of ChatGPT responses to such queries.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, ChatGPT was prompted with 10 hypothetical tracheostomy care questions in three domains (complication management, self‐care advice, and lifestyle adjustment). Responses were graded by four otolaryngologists for appropriateness, accuracy, and overall score. The readability of responses was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL). Descriptive statistics and ANOVA testing were performed with statistical significance set to p < .05.ResultsOn a scale of 1–5, with 5 representing the greatest appropriateness or overall score and a 4‐point scale with 4 representing the highest accuracy, the responses exhibited moderately high appropriateness (mean = 4.10, SD = 0.90), high accuracy (mean = 3.55, SD = 0.50), and moderately high overall scores (mean = 4.02, SD = 0.86). Scoring between response categories (self‐care recommendations, complication recommendations, lifestyle adjustments, and special device considerations) revealed no significant scoring differences. Suboptimal responses lacked nuance and contained incorrect information and recommendations. Readability indicated college and advanced levels for FRE (Mean = 39.5, SD = 7.17) and FKRGL (Mean = 13.1, SD = 1.47), higher than the sixth‐grade level recommended for patient‐targeted resources by the NIH.ConclusionWhile ChatGPT‐generated tracheostomy care responses may exhibit acceptable appropriateness, incomplete or misleading information may have dire clinical consequences. Further, inappropriately high reading levels may limit patient comprehension and accessibility. At this point in its technological infancy, AI‐generated information should not be solely relied upon as a direct patient care resource.
Why Single‐Chain Nanoparticles from Weak Polyelectrolytes Can Be Synthesized at Large Scale in Concentrated Solution?
Authors: Pomposo Jose A. , Arena Davide , Verde‐Sesto Ester , Maiz Jon , de Molina Paula Malo , Moreno Angel J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere, the unresolved question of why single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) prepared from a weak polyelectrolyte (PE) precursor can be synthesized on a large scale in a concentrated solution is addressed, unlike SCNPs obtained from an equivalent neutral (nonamphiphilic) polymer precursor. The combination of the standard elastic single‐chain nanoparticles (ESN) model −developed for neutral chains− with the classical scaling theory of PE solutions provides the key. Essentially, the long‐range repulsion between electrostatic blobs in a weak PE precursor restricts the cross‐linking process during SCNPs formation to the interior of each blob. Consequently, the maximum concentration at which PE‐SCNPs can be prepared without interchain cross‐linking is not determined by the full size of the PE precursor but, instead, by the smaller size of its electrostatic blobs. Therefore, PE‐SCNPs can be synthesized up to a critical concentration where electrostatic blobs from different chains touch each other. This concentration can be 30 times higher than that for non‐PE polymer precursors. Upon progressive dilution, the size of PE‐SCNPs synthesized in concentrated solution increases until it reaches the bigger size of PE‐SCNPs prepared under highly diluted conditions. PE‐SCNPs do not adopt a globular conformation either in concentrated or in diluted solution. It shows that the main model predictions agree with experimental results.
A Great Time to Get Away
Authors: Atwood Stephen P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJuly is a great time to relax and reflect. It is the midpoint of the summer. It is also the halfway point for many fiscal calendars. Use the opportunity to look back on new year's resolutions or those grand business plans and check your score. Are you on track for your professional development? Is that new product launch going as planned? These are important things to monitor, but it is also important to monitor your vacation score.
Aggregation and Sedimentation Stability of Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF‐8) Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Agent Delivery Applications
Authors: Sevimli‐Yurttas Zeynep , Moreira Rosana G. , Castell‐Perez Elena 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe applications of nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐8) for antimicrobial drug delivery depend on the aqueous suspension stability of the ZIF‐8 which is influenced by their crystallinity, size, shape, aggregation, and surface chemistry. This study evaluated the stability of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in terms of their aggregation and sedimentation characteristics. ZIF‐8 nanocomposites were synthesized with methanol via sonication at 30°C for 1 h. The effect of drying methods (oven drying at 80°C, and vacuum drying at 35°C), number of washing steps (0 = no wash, 1, 2, 3), and washing medium (washing with water and ethanol instead of methanol, and redispersion in water and ethanol) on the suspension stability was evaluated. The impact of added xanthan gum (XG) and poly‐L‐lysine (PL) as suspension media was also evaluated. ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were also synthesized using ethanol and suspended in PL. % transmittance and zeta potential were measured for freshly prepared ZIF‐8 suspensions in PL and after freeze‐drying and resuspending in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the assessment of the crystallinity, structure, and morphology of the samples. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion test against Escherichia coli. Dried methanol‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles did not suspend in water; only the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles synthesized with reduced washing times and no drying treatment were resuspended in the water, XG and PL solutions. Instead, the ethanol‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were resuspended in water even after being washed three times and dried in a vacuum oven. SEM and TEM images and XRD patterns showed that alcohol can form well‐defined ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. FTIR spectra showed that ZIF‐8 had typical peaks of ZIF‐8 reported by others. Although particle size increased, the PL coating provided a 32.22% increase in zeta potential of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles from 36.25 to 47.93 mV (p < 0.05) and prevented aggregation and sedimentation of the nanoparticles without changing their morphology. All the tested ZIF‐8 nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity with the PL‐coated ZIF‐8 having the highest effect followed by the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles synthesized in ethanol.
Quality of Popular Online Resources About Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Wei Oren , Krishnan Pavan S. , Chen Jenny X. , Schoo Wesley W. , Carey John P. , Schoo Desi P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the readability, understandability, actionability, and accuracy of online resources covering vestibular migraine (VM).Study DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study design.SettingDigital collection of websites appearing on Google search.MethodsGoogle searches were conducted to identify common online resources for VM. We examined readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level scores, understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), and accuracy by comparing the website contents to the consensus definition of “probable vestibular migraine.”ResultsEleven of the most popular websites were analyzed. Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level averaged at a 13th‐grade level (range: 9th‐18th). FRE scores averaged 35.5 (range: 9.1‐54.4). No website had a readability grade level at the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality recommended 5th‐grade level or an equivalent FRE score of 90 or greater. Understandability scores varied ranging from 49% to 88% (mean 70%). Actionability scores varied more, ranging from 12% to 87% (mean 44%). There was substantial inter‐rater agreement for both PEMAT understandability scoring (mean κ = 0.76, SD = 0.08) and actionability scoring (mean κ = 0.65, SD = 0.08). Three sites included all 3 “probable vestibular migraine” diagnostic criteria as worded in the consensus statement.ConclusionThe quality of online resources for VM is poor overall in terms of readability, actionability, and agreement with diagnostic criteria.
Quality of life and family functioning 12 months after diagnosis of childhood brain tumour: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Young Kate , Ekberg Stuart , Cashion Christine , Hassall Timothy , Bradford Natalie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe wellbeing of a child with brain tumour is affected by several factors. We present the first investigation of quality of life and family functioning in a parent and child across the first 12 months after diagnosis, examining potential factors to guide the provision of psychosocial resources to families who most need them.ProcedureData were collected from parents/carers in Queensland, Australia, from 2020 to 2023. Child (parent/carer‐proxy reported) and carer quality of life was assessed across three timepoints (repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and by five potential co‐variates (mixed between‐within ANOVA). Family functioning was assessed across two timepoints (repeated‐measures t‐test), and by potential co‐variates (repeated measures ANOVA). Univariate relationships were explored with Pearson's correlation coefficient; significant relationships were entered into multiple regression models.ResultsNinety‐six diverse families were represented. Quality of life (child, carer) and family functioning did not change across time. Children from households with lower income reported worse cognitive difficulties (p = .023) and pain and hurt (p = .013) than those from a higher income. Caregiver quality of life was poorer for those whose child had received chemotherapy and/or radiation, was aged less than 4 years at diagnosis, and had a lower household income. At 12 months, caregiver quality of life was correlated with family functioning (r = −.45, p < .001), with positive adaptation being a significant key predictor (beta = −.66, p < .005).ConclusionsThe following factors indicate a need for increased early psychosocial support: cognitive difficulties, aged <4 years at diagnosis, receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation, and low household income.
The investigation of the mechanical thermal and physical properties of using waste toner/MCC/old newspaper fiber in polypropylene hybrid composites
Authors: Peşman Emrah , Dönmez Çavdar Ayfer , Boran Torun Sevda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of polypropylene (PP) composites produced by adding 10% old newspaper fibers (ONP), 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), 3% polypropylene carbonate (PPC), and waste toner from 1% to 4% on the mechanical properties, physical properties, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated. According to the FTIR‐ATR and SEM‐EDS analysis results, it was determined that a significant part of the waste toner used in the study consisted of polystyrene co‐acrylate, and the remaining part consisted of carbon black and trace amounts of silicate. In the research, it was determined that the flexural and tensile strengths of MCC/ONP/PP composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC increased by 13% and 46%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Additionally, the samples with the lowest water absorption values were measured in composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC. The highest crystallinity value (50.75%) was obtained with the use of 1% waste toner and 3% PPC in MCC/ONP/PP composites. However, with waste toner usage above 1%, the mechanical, thermal properties, and water absorption rate have slightly decreased. As a result of the study, it was concluded that up to 1% waste toner with 3% PPC can be used successfully in MCC/ONP/PP composites.
Rapidly screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Clematis tangutica using affinity ultrafiltration‐HPLC‐QTOFMS technique combined with targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking
Authors: Wei Yangfei , Chen Tao , Song Hai , Wang Shuo , Shen Cheng , Wang Xiaojun , Li Yulin , Wang Junke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionScreening of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors from complex natural products is a meaningful task.ObjectivesThrough accurately screening and separating pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Clematis tangutica (C. tangutica), to discover new leading compounds for slimming and accelerate the development and utilization of Tibetan medicine resources.MethodsAn integrated strategy that combines affinity ultrafiltration and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS), targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking was developed to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitors from C. tangutica. The AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS technique was performed to fish for the potential active substances. Macroporous resin, preparative liquid chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography were implemented for the accurate and targeted separation of active compounds. The inhibitory activities of target compounds to pancreatic lipase were detected by the inhibition experiments in vitro. The binding affinities and binding sites were analyzed using molecular docking.ResultsA total of eleven kinds of pancreatic lipase inhibitory substances were screened from C. tangutica. Seven triterpenoid saponins were screened for the first time as lipase inhibitors and successfully prepared with purities higher than 97%. Tanguticoside B, clematangoticoside J, hederoside H1, and rutin showed stronger inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 1.539 ± 0.048, 1.661 ± 0.092, 1.793 ± 0.069, and 1.792 ± 0.094 mmol/l. Moreover, they have the lowest ΔG values of −10.84, −9.97, −10.87, and −9.39 kcal/mol to pancreatic lipase.ConclusionThe integrated strategy using AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS, targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking was feasible for rapidly screening and directionally isolating pancreatic lipase inhibitors from C. tangutica.
A case with temporal spikes on electroencephalography induced by over 80 sessions of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Omori Hisaki , Hata Masahiro , Kobayashi Matasaburo , Miyazaki Yuki , Hirashima Atsuya , Takahashi Shun , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely recognized as one of the most effective treatments for various psychiatric disorders and is generally considered safe. However, a few reports have mentioned that multiple ECT sessions could induce electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities and epileptic seizures, a serious side effect of ECT. We experienced a case with EEG abnormalities after multiple ECT sessions and aimed to share our insights on conducting ECT safely.Case PresentationWe present the case of a 73‐year‐old female diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She underwent regular ECT sessions to alleviate her psychiatric symptoms. However, after more than 80 sessions, previously undetected EEG abnormalities were observed. Since the patient did not have clinical seizures, we were able to continue ECT at longer intervals without the use of antiepileptic drugs.ConclusionOur case suggests the importance of routine EEG testing in patients undergoing prolonged ECT. While careful monitoring is necessary, continuing ECT without antiepileptic medication in patients with EEG abnormalities could be permissible.