bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPA and DHA Status of South Asian and White Canadians Living in the National Capital Region of Canada
Authors: Nagasaka Reiko , Gagnon Claude , Swist Eleonora , Rondeau Isabelle , Massarelli Isabelle , Cheung Winnie , Ratnayake Walisundera M. N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), most dietary guidelines have recommended consuming 500 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or two servings of oily fish/week. The sum of percent EPA and DHA in red blood cell (RBC) total fatty acids‐termed the omega‐3 index‐has been proposed as a biomarker for assessing the risk of death from CVD. The omega‐3 indices of ≤4, >4 to <8 and ≥8 % have been proposed to be associated with high, intermediate and low CVD risks, respectively. In this study, we determined the EPA + DHA intake level and the omega‐3 index of South Asian Canadians (SAC; n = 308) and white Canadians (WC; n = 341) age 20–79 years living in the National Capital Region of Canada. The mean EPA + DHA intake levels were 569 ± 571 mg/day for SAC and 684 ± 865 mg/day for WC and 46 % of SAC and 43 % of WC met the recommended EPA + DHA intake level of 500 mg/day. The mean omega‐3 indices were 6.6 and 5.9 % for SAC and WC respectively. The suggested cardio‐protective target level for the omega‐3 index of ≥8 % was observed only in 19.8 % of SAC and in 9.4 % of WC subjects. The majority of the participants (74.4 % of SAC and 82.7 % of WC) were in the >4 to <8 % range. These results suggest that although study participants' dietary intake of EPA + DHA is adequate, this intake was not sufficient to provide an omega‐3 index that is considered cardio‐protective.
MiR-139-5p inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by downregulating AMFR and NOTCH1
Authors: Song Mingxu , Yin Yuan , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Binbin , Bian Zehua , Quan Chao , Zhou Leyuan , Hu Yaling , Wang Qifeng , Ni Shujuan , Fei Bojian , Wang Weili , Du Xiang , Hua Dong , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) that exert function by posttranscriptional suppression have recently brought insight in our understanding of the role of non-protein-coding RNAs in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we described the function and molecular mechanism of miR-139-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its potential clinical application in CRC. We found that miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in 73.8% CRC samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (NCTs), and decreased miR-139-5p was associated with poor prognosis. Functional analyses demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-139-5p suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-139-5p suppress CRC cell invasion and metastasis by targeting AMFR and NOTCH1. Knockdown of the two genes phenocopied the inhibitory effect of miR-139-5p on CRC metastasis. Furthermore, the protein levels of the two genes were upregulated in CRC samples compared with NCTs, and inversely correlated with the miR-139-5p expression. Increased NOTCH1 protein expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Together, our data indicate that miR-139-5p is a potential tumor suppressor and prognostic factor for CRC, and targeting miR-139-5p may repress the metastasis of CRC and improve survival.
Gender Pay Gap and Employment Sector: Sources of Earnings Disparities in the United States, 1970–2010
Authors: Mandel Hadas , Semyonov Moshe 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUsing data from the IPUMS-USA, the present research focuses on trends in the gender earnings gap in the United States between 1970 and 2010. The major goal of this article is to understand the sources of the convergence in men’s and women’s earnings in the public and private sectors as well as the stagnation of this trend in the new millennium. For this purpose, we delineate temporal changes in the role played by major sources of the gap. Several components are identified: the portion of the gap attributed to gender differences in human-capital resources; labor supply; sociodemographic attributes; occupational segregation; and the unexplained portion of the gap. The findings reveal a substantial reduction in the gross gender earnings gap in both sectors of the economy. Most of the decline is attributed to the reduction in the unexplained portion of the gap, implying a significant decline in economic discrimination against women. In contrast to discrimination, the role played by human capital and personal attributes in explaining the gender pay gap is relatively small in both sectors. Differences between the two sectors are not only in the size and pace of the reduction but also in the significance of the two major sources of the gap. Working hours have become the most important factor with respect to gender pay inequality in both sectors, although much more dominantly in the private sector. The declining gender segregation may explain the decreased impact of occupations on the gender pay gap in the private sector. In the public sector, by contrast, gender segregation still accounts for a substantial portion of the gap. The findings are discussed in light of the theoretical literature on sources of gender economic inequality and in light of the recent stagnation of the trend.
Holocene sea-surface temperature variability in the Chilean fjord region
Authors: Caniupán Magaly , Lamy Frank , Lange Carina B. , Kaiser Jérôme , Kilian Rolf , Arz Helge W. , León Tania , Mollenhauer Gesine , Sandoval Susana , De Pol-Holz Ricardo , Pantoja Silvio , Wellner Julia , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHere we provide three new Holocene (11–0 cal ka BP) alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the southernmost Chilean fjord region (50–53°S). SST estimates may be biased towards summer temperature in this region, as revealed by a large set of surface sediments. The Holocene records show consistently warmer than present-day SSTs except for the past ~ 0.6 cal ka BP. However, they do not exhibit an early Holocene temperature optimum as registered further north off Chile and in Antarctica. This may have resulted from a combination of factors including decreased inflow of warmer open marine waters due to lower sea-level stands, enhanced advection of colder and fresher inner fjord waters, and stronger westerly winds. During the mid-Holocene, pronounced short-term variations of up to 2.5°C and a cooling centered at ~ 5 cal ka BP, which coincides with the first Neoglacial glacier advance in the Southern Andes, are recorded. The latest Holocene is characterized by two pronounced cold events centered at ~ 0.6 and 0.25 cal ka BP, i.e., during the Little Ice Age. These cold events have lower amplitudes in the offshore records, suggesting an amplification of the SST signal in the inner fjords.
UNREFLECTIVE EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Kelp Christoph 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVirtue epistemological accounts of knowledge claim that knowledge is a species of a broader normative category, to wit of success from ability. Fake Barn cases pose a difficult problem for such accounts. In structurally analogous but non-epistemic cases, the agents attain the relevant success from ability. If knowledge is just another form of success from ability, the pressure is on to treat Fake Barn cases as cases of knowledge. The challenge virtue epistemology faces is to explain the intuitive lack of knowledge in Fake Barn cases, whilst holding on to the core claim that knowledge is success from ability. Ernest Sosa's version of virtue epistemology promises to rise to this challenge. Sosa distinguishes two types of knowledge, animal knowledge and reflective knowledge. He argues that while animal knowledge is present in Fake Barn cases, reflective knowledge is absent and ventures to explain the intuition of ignorance by the absence of reflective knowledge. This paper argues that Sosa's treatment of Fake Barn cases fails as it commits Sosa to a number of highly counterintuitive results elsewhere in epistemology.
A two-phase flow model of sediment transport: transition from bedload to suspended load
Authors: Chiodi Filippo , Claudin Philippe , Andreotti Bruno 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe transport of dense particles by a turbulent flow depends on two dimensionless numbers. Depending on the ratio of the shear velocity of the flow to the settling velocity of the particles (or the Rouse number), sediment transport takes place in a thin layer localized at the surface of the sediment bed (bedload) or over the whole water depth (suspended load). Moreover, depending on the sedimentation Reynolds number, the bedload layer is embedded in the viscous sublayer or is larger. We propose here a two-phase flow model able to describe both viscous and turbulent shear flows. Particle migration is described as resulting from normal stresses, but is limited by turbulent mixing and shear-induced diffusion of particles. Using this framework, we theoretically investigate the transition between bedload and suspended load.
Inertially induced cyclic solutions in thin-film free-surface flows
Authors: Groh C. M. , Kelmanson M. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew mechanisms are discovered regarding the effects of inertia in the transient Moffatt–Pukhnachov problem (J. Méc., vol. 187, 1977, pp. 651–673) on the evolution of the free surface of a viscous film coating the exterior of a rotating horizontal cylinder. Assuming two-dimensional evolution of the film thickness (i.e. neglecting variation in the axial direction), a multiple-timescale procedure is used to obtain explicitly parameterized high-order asymptotic approximations of solutions of the spatio-temporal evolution equation. Novel, hitherto-unexplained transitions from stability to instability are observed as inertia is increased. In particular, a critical Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Re}_c$ is predicted at which occurs a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation in wave amplitude that is fully explained by the new asymptotic theory. For $\mathit{Re}<\mathit{Re}_c$, free-surface profiles converge algebraically-cum-exponentially to a steady state and, for $\mathit{Re}> \mathit{Re}_c$, stable temporally periodic solutions with leading-order amplitudes proportional to $(\mathit{Re}-\mathit{Re}_c)^{1/2}$ are found, i.e. in the régime in which previous related literature predicts exponentially divergent instability. For $\mathit{Re}=\mathit{Re}_c$, stable solutions are found that decay algebraically to a steady state. A model solution is proposed that not only captures qualitatively the interaction between fundamental and higher-order wave modes but also offers an explanation for the formation of the lobes observed in Moffatt’s original experiments. All asymptotic theory is convincingly corroborated by numerical integrations that are spectrally accurate in space and eighth/ninth-order accurate in time.
RICCI FLOWS ON SURFACES RELATED TO THE EINSTEIN WEYL AND ABELIAN VORTEX EQUATIONS
Authors: FOX DANIEL J. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThere are described equations for a pair comprising a Riemannian metric and a Killing field on a surface that contain as special cases the Einstein Weyl equations (in the sense of D. Calderbank) and a real version of a special case of the Abelian vortex equations, and it is shown that the property that a metric solve these equations is preserved by the Ricci flow. The equations are solved explicitly, and among the metrics obtained are all steady gradient Ricci solitons (e.g. the cigar soliton) and the sausage metric; there are found other examples of eternal, ancient, and immortal Ricci flows, as well as some Ricci flows with conical singularities.
THE UNKNOTTING NUMBER AND CLASSICAL INVARIANTS II
Authors: BORODZIK MACIEJ , FRIEDL STEFAN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn [3] the authors (M. Borodzik and S. Friedl, Unknotting number and classical invariants (preprint 2012)) associated to a knot K ⊂ S3 an invariant nℝ(K), which is defined using the Blanchfield form and which gives a lower bound on the unknotting number. In this paper, we express nℝ(K) in terms of the Levine-Tristram signatures and nullities of K. We also show in the proof that the Blanchfield form for any knot K is diagonalisable over ℝ[t±1].
THE LOCAL NON-HOMOGENEOUS Tb THEOREM FOR VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS
Authors: HYTÖNEN TUOMAS P. , VÄHÄKANGAS ANTTI V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe extend the local non-homogeneous Tb theorem of Nazarov, Treil and Volberg to the setting of singular integrals with operator-valued kernel that act on vector-valued functions. Here, ‘vector-valued’ means ‘taking values in a function lattice with the UMD (unconditional martingale differences) property’. A similar extension (but for general UMD spaces rather than UMD lattices) of Nazarov-Treil-Volberg's global non-homogeneous Tb theorem was achieved earlier by the first author, and it has found applications in the work of Mayboroda and Volberg on square-functions and rectifiability. Our local version requires several elaborations of the previous techniques, and raises new questions about the limits of the vector-valued theory.
AN ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON PROJECTIVITY OF MODULES
Authors: HOLSTON CHRIS , LÓPEZ-PERMOUTH SERGIO R. , MASTROMATTEO JOSEPH , SIMENTAL-RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe approach the analysis of the extent of the projectivity of modules from a fresh perspective as we introduce the notion of relative subprojectivity. A module M is said to be N-subprojective if for every epimorphism g : B → N and homomorphism f : M → N, there exists a homomorphism h : M → B such that gh = f. For a module M, the subprojectivity domain of M is defined to be the collection of all modules N such that M is N-subprojective. We consider, for every ring R, the subprojective profile of R, namely, the class of all subprojectivity domains for R modules. We show that the subprojective profile of R is a semi-lattice, and consider when this structure has coatoms or a smallest element. Modules whose subprojectivity domain is as smallest as possible will be called subprojectively poor (sp-poor) or projectively indigent (p-indigent), and those with co-atomic subprojectivy domain are said to be maximally subprojective. While we do not know if sp-poor modules and maximally subprojective modules exist over every ring, their existence is determined for various families. For example, we determine that artinian serial rings have sp-poor modules and attain the existence of maximally subprojective modules over the integers and for arbitrary V-rings. This work is a natural continuation to recent papers that have embraced the systematic study of the injective, projective and subinjective profiles of rings.
CLUSTER AUTOMORPHISMS AND COMPATIBILITY OF CLUSTER VARIABLES
Authors: ASSEM IBRAHIM , SHRAMCHENKO VASILISA , SCHIFFLER RALF 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a notion of unistructural cluster algebras, for which the set of cluster variables uniquely determines the clusters, as well as the notion of weak unistructural cluster algebras, for which the set of cluster variables determines the clusters, provided that the type of the cluster algebra is fixed. We prove that, for cluster algebras of the Dynkin type, the two notions of unistructural and weakly unistructural coincide, and that cluster algebras of rank 2 are always unistructural. We then prove that a cluster algebra $\mathcal A$ is weakly unistructural if and only if any automorphism of the ambient field, which restricts to a permutation of cluster variables of $\mathcal A$, is a cluster automorphism. We also investigate the Fomin-Zelevinsky conjecture that two cluster variables are compatible if and only if one does not appear in the denominator of the Laurent expansions of the other.
Dividend Predictability Around the World
Authors: Rangvid Jesper , Schmeling Maik , Schrimpf Andreas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe show that dividend-growth predictability by the dividend yield is the rule rather than the exception in global equity markets. Dividend predictability is weaker, however, in large and developed markets where dividends are smoothed more, the typical firm is large, and volatility is lower. Our findings suggest that the apparent lack of dividend predictability in the United States does not uniformly extend to other countries. Rather, cross-country patterns in dividend predictability are driven by differences in firm characteristics and the extent to which dividends are smoothed.
Integrating Anisakis spp. parasites data and host genetic structure in the frame of a holistic approach for stock identification of selected Mediterranean Sea fish species
Authors: MATTIUCCI S. , CIMMARUTA R. , CIPRIANI P. , ABAUNZA P. , BELLISARIO B. , NASCETTI G. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe unique environment of the Mediterranean Sea makes fish stock assessment a major challenge. Stock identification of Mediterranean fisheries has been based mostly from data on biology, morphometrics, artificial tags, otolith shape and fish genetics, with less effort on the use of parasites as biomarkers. Here we use some case studies comparing Mediterranean vs Atlantic fish stocks in a multidisciplinary framework. The generalized Procrustes Rotation (PR) was used to assess the association between host genetics and larval Anisakis spp. datasets on demersal (hake) and pelagic (horse mackerel, swordfish) species. When discordant results emerged, they were due to the different features of the data. While fish population genetics can detect changes over an evolutionary timescale, providing indications on the cohesive action of gene flow, parasites are more suitable biomarkers when considering fish stocks over smaller temporal and spatial scales, hence giving information of fish movements over their lifespan. Future studies on the phylogeographic analysis of parasites suitable as biomarkers, and that of their fish host, performed on the same genes, will represent a further tool to be included in multidisciplinary studies on fish stock structure.
Broad geographic analyses reveal varying patterns of genetic diversity and host specificity among echinostome trematodes in New Zealand snails
Authors: KEENEY DEVON B. , PALLADINO JASON , POULIN ROBERT 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYHost specificity is a fundamental component of a parasite's life history. However, accurate assessments of host specificity, and the factors influencing it, can be obscured by parasite cryptic species complexes. We surveyed two congeneric species of intertidal snail intermediate hosts,Zeacumantus subcarinatusandZeacumantus lutulentus, throughout New Zealand to identify the number of genetically distinct echinostome trematodes infecting them and determine the levels of snail host specificity among echinostomes. Two major echinostome clades were identified: a clade consisting of an unidentified species of the subfamily Himasthlinae and a clade consisting of five species of the genusAcanthoparyphium. All fiveAcanthoparyphiumspecies were only found in a single snail species, four inZ. subcarinatusand one inZ. lutulentus. In contrast, the Himasthlinae gen. sp. was found in both hosts, but was more prevalent inZ. lutulentus(97 infections) thanZ. subcarinatus(10 infections). At least two of theAcanthoparyphiumspp. and the Himasthlinae gen. sp. are widespread throughout New Zealand, and can therefore encounter both snail species. Our results suggest that host specificity is determined by host–parasite incompatibilities, not geographic separation, and that it can evolve in different ways in closely related parasite lineages.
Force tracking control for motion synchronization in human-robot collaboration
Authors: Li Yanan , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, motion synchronization is investigated for human–robot collaboration such that the robot is able to “actively” follow its human partner. Force tracking is achieved with the proposed method under the impedance control framework, subject to uncertain human limb dynamics. Adaptive control is developed to deal with point-to-point movement, and learning control and neural networks control are developed to generate periodic and arbitrary continuous trajectories, respectively. Stability and tracking performance of the closed-loop system are discussed through rigorous analysis. The validity of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiment studies.
Detection ofSalmonella entericain Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) of Chilean Patagonia: evidences of inter-species transmission
Authors: DOUGNAC C. , PARDO C. , MEZA K. , ARREDONDO C. , BLANK O. , ABALOS P. , VIDAL R. , FERNANDEZ A. , FREDES F. , RETAMAL P. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYPatagonia in southern South America is among the few world regions where direct human impact is still limited but progressively increasing, mainly represented by tourism, farming, fishing and mining activities. The sanitary condition of Patagonian wildlife is unknown, in spite of being critical for the assessment of anthropogenic effects there. The aim of this study was the characterization ofSalmonella entericastrains isolated from wild colonies of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) located in Magdalena Island and Otway Sound, in Chilean Patagonia. Eight isolates ofSalmonellawere found, belonging to Agona and Enteritidis serotypes, with an infection rate of 0·38%. Resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur and tetracycline antimicrobials were detected, and some of these strains showed genotypic similarity withSalmonellastrains isolated from humans and gulls, suggesting inter-species transmission cycles and strengthening the role of penguins as sanitary sentinels in the Patagonian ecosystem.
Tuberculosis and the risk of infection with other intracellular bacteria: a population-based study
Authors: HUAMAN M. A. , FISKE C. T. , JONES T. F. , WARKENTIN J. , SHEPHERD B. E. , INGRAM L. A. , MARURI F. , STERLING T. R. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYPersons who develop tuberculosis (TB) may have subtle immune defects that could predispose to other intracellular bacterial infections (ICBIs). We obtained data on TB and five ICBIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonellaspp.,Shigellaspp.,Yersiniaspp.,Listeria monocytogenes) reported to the Tennessee Department of Health, USA, 2000–2011. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing ICBIs in persons who developed TB and ICBIs in the Tennessee population, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity were estimated. IRRs were not significantly elevated for all ICBIs combined [IRR 0·87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·71–1·06].C. trachomatisrate was lowest in the year post-TB diagnosis (IRR 0·17, 95% CI 0·04–0·70). MoreSalmonellainfections occurred in extrapulmonary TB compared to pulmonary TB patients (IRR 14·3, 95% CI 1·67–122); however, this appeared to be related to HIV co-infection. TB was not associated with an increased risk of other ICBIs. In fact, fewerC. trachomatisinfections occurred after recent TB diagnosis. Reasons for this association, including reduced exposure, protection conferred by anti-TB drugs or macrophage activation byMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection warrant further investigation.