bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Submicrometer‐Sized Ce:YAG Spherical Particles by Solvothermal Process Using Alcohol Solvents
Authors: Lin Wei‐Ting , Wu Yu‐Chun 
Published: June 2015

A rapid synthesis method for preparing homogeneous and submicrometer‐sized cerium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) particles was proposed in this work. Instead of precipitating the YAG amorphous precursor prior to the solvothermal process, cerium, yttrium, and aluminum nitrates were dissolved in alcoholic solvents to form transparent and clear solutions that were directly transferred into the stainless autoclave to undergo the solvothermal reaction. Four different alcohol solvents, that is, ethanol, 2‐propanol, 2‐butanol, and tert‐butanol, were used as the reaction medium. The crystallization mechanisms in correlation with the alcohol solvent properties, such as the supercritical point and the dielectric constant, were discussed. The interaction between the alcohol solvent and the precursor salts were also investigated. Well‐dispersed and spherical Ce:YAG particles in size ranging from 200 to 350 nm were obtained in one pot via solvothermal reaction at 285°C from 5 to 8 h.
Highly Sensitive Optical Thermometry of Yb3+‐Er3+ Codoped AgLa(MoO4)2 Green Upconversion Phosphor
Authors: Li Ting , Guo Chongfeng , Zhou Shaoshuai , Duan Changkui , Yin Min 
Published: June 2015

Er3+–Yb3+ codoped AgLa(MoO4)2 phosphors with intense green emission from 2H11/2/4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions and negligible red emission from 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ were synthesized by sol–gel process. Its temperature sensing performance was evaluated based on the temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two green emission bands in the range 300–510 K. The maximum sensitivity of AgLa(MoO4)2: 0.02Er3+/0.4Yb3+ is approximately 0.018 K−1 at 480 K, which is much higher than those of reported samples based on green emissions of Er3+. Result suggests that AgLa(MoO4)2: Er3+/Yb3+ has a great potential application in optical temperature sensors.
Improving support for heart failure patients: a systematic review to understand patients' perspectives on self‐care
Authors: Spaling Melisa A. , Currie Kay , Strachan Patricia H. , Harkness Karen , Clark Alexander M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsThis systematic review aimed to generate patient‐focussed recommendations to enhance support of heart failure self‐care by examining patients' experiences, perspectives and self‐care behaviours.BackgroundDespite increased recognition of the importance of heart failure self‐care, patients' knowledge and practices around this self‐care and interventions to improve it are inconsistent. Consequently, current guidelines focus on what the domains of heart failure self‐care are, more so than the ways to improve this care.DesignSystematic review and qualitative interpretive synthesis.Data sourcesA systematic, comprehensive and detailed search of 11 databases was conducted until March, 2012 for papers published 1995–2012: 37 studies were included (1343 patients, 75 caregivers, 63 health care professionals) that contained a qualitative research component and data on adult patients' heart failure self‐care.Review methodsThis interpretive synthesis used a recognized approach consisting of a multi‐stage analytic process; in addition, the included studies underwent quality appraisal.ResultsFindings indicate that while patients could often recall health professionals' self‐care advice, they were unable to integrate this knowledge into daily life. Attempts to manage HF were based on how patients ‘felt’ rather than clinical indicators of worsening symptoms. Self‐efficacy and learning from past management experiences facilitated favourable outcomes – these enabled patients and caregivers to adeptly apply self‐care strategies into daily activities.ConclusionsAddressing common but basic knowledge misconceptions regarding the domains of HF self‐care is insufficient to increase effective HF self‐care; this should be supplemented with strategies with patients and family members to promote self‐efficacy, learning and adaptation/application of recommendations to daily life.
Anti‐VEGFs hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae
Authors: Al Subaie Ahmed Ebraheem , Eimar Hazem , Abdallah Mohamed‐Nur , Durand Robert , Feine Jocelyne , Tamimi Faleh , Emami Elham 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) on bone healing (defect volume) and implant osseointegration (bone‐implant contact per cent) in rat tibia.Materials and MethodsIn Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 36), a unicortical defect was created in the right tibia and a titanium implant was placed in the left tibia of each rat. Rats were assigned into three groups and received either anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody, Ranibizumab or saline (control). Two weeks following surgery, rats were euthanized and bone samples were retrieved. Bone healing and osseointegration were assessed using micro‐CT and histomorphometry. One‐way anova followed by the Tukey's test was used for data analyses.ResultsThe volume of the bone defects in the anti‐VEGF group (2.48 ± 0.33 mm3) was larger (p = 0.026) than in the controls (2.11 ± 0.36 mm3) as measured by μ‐CT. Bone‐implant contact percent in the anti‐VEGF (19.9 ± 9.4%) and Ranibizumab (21.7 ± 9.2%) groups were lower (p < 0.00) than in the control group (41.8 ± 12.4%).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that drugs that inhibit the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e. anti‐VEGF) may hinder bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae.
The repeatability of mating failure in a polyandrous bug
Authors: Greenway E. V(Ginny) , Shuker D. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMating failure, characterized by the lack of production of offspring following copulation, is relatively common across taxa yet is little understood. It is unclear whether mating failures are stochastic occurrences between incompatible mating partners or represent a persistent, meaningful phenotype on the part of one or other sex. Here we test this in the seed bug Lygaeus simulans, by sequentially mating families of males with randomly allocated unrelated females and calculating the repeatability of mating outcome for each individual male and family. Mating outcome is significantly repeatable within individual males but not across full‐sib brothers. We conclude that mating failure represents a consistent male‐associated phenotype with low heritability in this species, affected by as yet undetermined environmental influences on males.
Effect of Drying on Color, Proximate Composition and Drying Kinetics of Sliced Chestnuts
Authors: Delgado Teresa , Pereira José Alberto , Casal Susana , Ramalhosa Elsa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the present work, dried sliced chestnuts (Judia and Longal varieties), product with an increased shelf life, low calorie and gluten‐free contents, were prepared. The effect of air convective drying on the drying kinetics, color and proximate composition of sliced chestnuts was evaluated. Even though significant differences in nutritional composition were found between both varieties at the beginning, the drying behaviors were similar; however, Judia dried at a slightly faster rate than Longal. The use of Page, two‐term, and modified Henderson and Pabis models fitted well the experimental data (adjusted R2 > 0.999). With drying, slight variations in color were observed for both varieties and only moisture content decreased significantly.The obtained product retained all chemical composition, and due to the low caloric value (367 kcal/100 g product), low fat and gluten‐free contents of chestnut slices, this can be an interesting substitute to other high‐calorie snacks available in the market.Practical ApplicationsThe chestnut fruit is increasingly popular among consumers. The fruit is usually sold fresh or frozen while smaller fruits are generally rejected by industries. So, it is very important to find alternatives to valorize these fruits. Moreover, consumers search for healthy and easy‐to‐consume food. Chestnut follow these requisites, being a nut with interesting properties due to its low fat content, high levels of starch (sugar of slow absorption) and significant amounts of fibers. Furthermore, it is a gluten‐free nut, ideal for celiac patients. On the other hand, the majority of snacks in the market are rich in fat and are made from wheat flour. So, the development of snacks based on chestnut would be innovative. This study intends to provide information on the effect of drying on color, nutritional composition and drying kinetics of sliced chestnut in order to obtain a healthy and low‐calorie content snack.
Trade‐offs between life‐history traits at range‐edge and central locations
Authors: Araújo Rita , Serrão Ester A. , Sousa‐Pinto Isabel , Arenas Francisco , Monteiro Carla A. , Toth Gunilla , Pavia Henrik , Åberg Per 
Published: June 2015

The allocation of resources to different life‐history traits should represent the best compromise in fitness investment for organisms in their local environment. When resources are limiting, the investment in a specific trait must carry a cost that is expressed in trade‐offs with other traits. In this study, the relative investment in the fitness‐related traits, growth, reproduction and defence were compared at central and range‐edge locations, using the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum as a model system. Individual growth rates were similar at both sites, whereas edge populations showed a higher relative investment in reproduction (demonstrated by a higher reproductive allocation and extended reproductive periods) when compared to central populations that invested more in defence. These results show the capability of A. nodosum to differentially allocate resources for different traits under different habitat conditions, suggesting that reproduction and defence have different fitness values under the specific living conditions experienced at edge and central locations. However, ongoing climate change may threaten edge populations by increasing the selective pressure on specific traits, forcing these populations to lower the investment in other traits that are also potentially important for population fitness.
Fungal specificity and selectivity for algae play a major role in determining lichen partnerships across diverse ecogeographic regions in the lichen‐forming family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)
Authors: Leavitt Steven D. , Kraichak Ekaphan , Nelsen Matthew P. , Altermann Susanne , Divakar Pradeep K. , Alors David , Esslinger Theodore L. , Crespo Ana , Lumbsch Thorsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMicrobial symbionts are instrumental to the ecological and long‐term evolutionary success of their hosts, and the central role of symbiotic interactions is increasingly recognized across the vast majority of life. Lichens provide an iconic group for investigating patterns in species interactions; however, relationships among lichen symbionts are often masked by uncertain species boundaries or an inability to reliably identify symbionts. The species‐rich lichen‐forming fungal family Parmeliaceae provides a diverse group for assessing patterns of interactions of algal symbionts, and our study addresses patterns of lichen symbiont interactions at the largest geographic and taxonomic scales attempted to date. We analysed a total of 2356 algal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences collected from lichens representing ten mycobiont genera in Parmeliaceae, two genera in Lecanoraceae and 26 cultured Trebouxia strains. Algal ITS sequences were grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs); we attempted to validate the evolutionary independence of a subset of the inferred OTUs using chloroplast and mitochondrial loci. We explored the patterns of symbiont interactions in these lichens based on ecogeographic distributions and mycobiont taxonomy. We found high levels of undescribed diversity in Trebouxia, broad distributions across distinct ecoregions for many photobiont OTUs and varying levels of mycobiont selectivity and specificity towards the photobiont. Based on these results, we conclude that fungal specificity and selectivity for algal partners play a major role in determining lichen partnerships, potentially superseding ecology, at least at the ecogeographic scale investigated here. To facilitate effective communication and consistency across future studies, we propose a provisional naming system for Trebouxia photobionts and provide representative sequences for each OTU circumscribed in this study.
Molecular characterization of disseminated pilocytic astrocytomas
Authors: Gessi M. , Engels A. C. , Lambert S. , Rothämel T. , von Hornstein S. , Collins V. P. , Denkhaus D. , Gnekow A. , Pietsch T. 
Published: June 2015

AimPilocytic astrocytomas represent the most common paediatric tumours of the central nervous system. Dissemination through the ventricular system occurs rarely in patients with pilocytic astrocytomas; however, it is more common in infants with diencephalic tumours, and is associated with a poor outcome. Despite histological similarities with classic pilocytic astrocytomas, it is still unclear whether disseminated pilocytic astrocytomas may have specific molecular features.MethodsSeventeen disseminated pilocytic astrocytomas were investigated using the molecular inversion probe array and screened for the presence of gene fusions (KIAA1549‐BRAF) and mutations (BRAF, RAS and FGFR1).ResultsAlong with evidence of a constitutive MAPK activation in all cases, the molecular inversion probe array, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and mutational study revealed KIAA1549‐BRAF fusions in 66% and BRAFV600E mutations in 5% of cases. No KRAS, HRAS, NRAS or FGFR1 mutations were found.Conclusionsdisseminated pilocytic astrocytomas showed genetic features similar to classic pilocytic astrocytoma, including a similar incidence of KIAA1549–BRAF fusions, BRAF mutations and a stable genetic profile. Given common activation of the MAPK pathway, the use of specific inhibitors can be hypothesized for the treatment of disseminated pilocytic astrocytomas, along with standard chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy.
Lifestyle habits and obesity progression in overweight and obese American young adults: Lessons for promoting cardiometabolic health
Authors: Cha EunSeok , Akazawa Margeaux K. , Kim Kevin H. , Dawkins Colleen R. , Lerner Hannah M. , Umpierrez Guillermo , Dunbar Sandra B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObesity among young adults is a growing problem in the United States and is related to unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as high caloric intake and inadequate exercise. Accurate assessment of lifestyle habits across obesity stages is important for informing age‐specific intervention strategies to prevent and reduce obesity progression. Using a modified version of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (mEOSS), a new scale for defining obesity risk and predicting obesity morbidity and mortality, this cross‐sectional study assessed the prevalence of overweight/obese conditions in 105 young adults and compared their lifestyle habits across the mEOSS stages. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and one‐way analyses of variance were performed. Eighty percent of participants (n = 83) fell into the mEOSS‐2 group and had obesity‐related chronic disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia. There were significant differences in dietary quality and patterns across the mEOSS stages. Findings highlighted the significance of prevention and early treatment for overweight and obese young adults to prevent and cease obesity progression.
Sustained exposure to abscisic acid enhances the colonization potential of the mutualist fungus Piriformospora indica on Arabidopsis thaliana roots
Authors: Peskan‐Berghöfer Tatjana , Vilches‐Barro Amaya , Müller Teresa M. , Glawischnig Erich , Reichelt Michael , Gershenzon Jonathan , Rausch Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Root colonization by the beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica is controlled by plant innate immunity, but factors that channel this interaction into a mutualistic relationship are not known. We have explored the impact of abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress on the P. indica interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana.

The activation of plant innate immunity in roots was determined by measuring the concentration of the phytoalexin camalexin and expression of transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of tryptophan‐related defence metabolites. Furthermore, the impact of the fungus on the content of ABA, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) and JA‐related metabolites was examined.

We demonstrated that treatment with exogenous ABA or the ABA analogue pyrabactin increased fungal colonization efficiency without impairment of plant fitness. Concomitantly, ABA‐deficient mutants of A. thaliana (aba1‐6 and aba2‐1) were less colonized, while plants exposed to moderate stress were more colonized than corresponding controls. Sustained exposure to ABA attenuated expression of transcription factors MYB51, MYB122 and WRKY33 in roots upon P. indica challenge or chitin treatment, and prevented an increase in camalexin content.

The results indicate that ABA can strengthen the interaction with P. indica as a consequence of its impact on plant innate immunity. Consequently, ABA will be relevant for the establishment and outcome of the symbiosis under stress conditions.
The use of information and communication technologies to support working carers of older people – a qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Andersson Stefan , Magnusson Lennart , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundFamily care support services have mainly focused on older spousal carers of older people and have largely overlooked working carers, whom combine paid work with informal/family care responsibilities. Recently, however, information and communication technology (ICT) systems have been identified as a potentially flexible way of supporting working carers.AimThe aim of this study was to describe nursing and support staff's experiences of using ICT for information, e‐learning and support of working carers of older people.DesignThe study employed a descriptive, qualitative approach conducting a qualitative secondary analysis of two original data sets. In total, seventeen professional staff members from two municipal family carer support units in Sweden that had implemented ICTs were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide consisting of open‐ended questions.MethodTwo data sets were merged using latent qualitative content analysis.FindingsSecondary analysis produced three subthemes and an overall theme, a virtual road as a carriageway for the support of working carers, consisting of both enabling and hindering aspects in family support. This theme provides access points in both directions and is based on caring instruments that enable nursing staff's support role. The staff's sustainability and ability to support is influenced by caring opportunities and barriers.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the ICTs to be flexible structures that provided nursing staff with a means and method to support working carers of older people. To overcome barriers to its use, measures to optimise support for working carers and the older person are needed.Implications for practiceThe use of ICTs provides nurses with a means to offer support to working carers of older people and enables carers to be informed, to learn and to share their burdens with others when caring for an older family member.
The false negative rate and the role for virtual review in a nationally evaluated glaucoma referral refinement scheme
Authors: Ratnarajan Gokulan , Kean Jane , French Karen , Parker Mike , Bourne Rupert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo establish the safety of the CHANGES glaucoma referral refinement scheme (GRRS).MethodsThe CHANGES scheme risk stratifies glaucoma referrals, with low risk referrals seen by a community based specialist optometrist (OSI) while high risk referrals are referred directly to the hospital. In this study, those patients discharged by the OSI were reviewed by the consultant ophthalmologist to establish a ‘false negative’ rate (Study 1). Virtual review of optic disc photographs was carried out both by a hospital‐based specialist optometrist as well as the consultant ophthalmologist (Study 2).ResultsNone of these 34 discharged patients seen by the consultant were found to have glaucoma or started on treatment to lower the intra‐ocular pressure. Five of the 34 (15%) were classified as ‘glaucoma suspect’ based on the appearance of the optic disc and offered a follow‐up appointment. Virtual review by both the consultant and optometrist had a sensitivity of 80%, whilst the false positive rate for the optometrist was 3.4%, and 32% for the consultant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe false negative rate of the OSIs in the CHANGES scheme was 15%, however there were no patients where glaucoma was missed. Virtual review in experienced hands can be as effective as clinical review by a consultant, and is a valid method to ensure glaucoma is not missed in GRRS. The CHANGES scheme, which includes virtual review, is effective at reducing referrals to the hospital whilst not compromising patient safety.
Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata
Authors: Riyazaddin Mohammed , Kavi Kishor Polavarapu B. , Ashok Kumar Are , Reddy Belum V. S. , Munghate Rajendra S. , Sharma Hari C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.