bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondroprotective effects of zoledronic acid on articular cartilage in dogs with experimentally induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Dearmin Michael G. , Trumble Troy N. , García AnaPatricia , Chambers Jon N. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Objective—To assess effects of zoledronic acid on biomarkers, radiographic scores, and gross articular cartilage changes in dogs with induced osteoarthritis.
Animals—21 purpose-bred hound-type dogs.
Procedures—The left stifle joint of each dog was examined arthroscopically to determine initial articular cartilage status, which was followed by cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection to induce osteoarthritis. Dogs were assigned to 3 groups (control group, low dose [10 μg of zoledronic acid/kg], or high dose [25 μg of zoledronic acid/kg). Treatments were administered SC every 3 months for 1 year beginning the day after CrCL transection. Serum and synovial fluid samples and radiographs were obtained 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transection. At 12 months, each joint was scored for cartilage defects. Serum and synovial fluid biomarkers of bone and cartilage turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, type I and II collagen, carboxy-propeptide of type II collagen, and chondroitin sulfate 846) were analyzed with ELISAs.
Results—The high-dose group had fewer total articular defects and lower severity scores in CrCL-transected stifle joints than did the control group. In addition, the high-dose group had significantly less change in collagenase cleavage of type I or II collagen in the synovial fluid at 1 and 3 months after CrCL transection than did the control group and also had greater changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in synovial fluid at 3 months after CrCL transection than did the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Zoledronic acid had a chondroprotective effect in dogs with a transected CrCL.
The effects of protamine sulfate on clot formation time and clot strength thromboelastography variables for canine blood samples
Authors: Bailey Christopher J. , Koenigshof Amy M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of protamine sulfate on clot formation time and clot strength thromboelastography variables for canine whole blood samples.
Animals—Blood samples obtained from 11 healthy dogs.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of dogs into syringes with 3.2% sodium citrate (blood to citrate ratio, 9:1). Blood samples were divided into aliquots, and protamine sulfate was added to various concentrations (0 [control], 22, 44, and 66 μg/mL). Prepared samples were activated with kaolin (n = 8) or not activated (8), CaCl2 was added, and thromboelastography was performed. Reaction time (R), clot formation time (K), rate of clot formation (α angle), and maximum amplitude (MA) were measured.
Results—For kaolin-activated and nonactivated blood samples, protamine (66 μg/mL) significantly increased R and K and decreased α angle and MA, compared with values for control samples. Also, protamine (44 μg/mL) decreased MA in nonactivated blood samples and increased K and decreased α angle in kaolin-activated samples, compared with values for control samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated protamine prolonged clot formation time and decreased overall clot strength in a dose-dependent manner; such effects may contribute to a hypocoagulable state in dogs. Kaolin-activated and nonactivated blood samples were appropriate for measurement of the effects of protamine on coagulation. Administration of protamine to reverse the effects of heparin should be performed with caution.
High-resolution manometric evaluation of the effects of cisapride and metoclopramide hydrochloride administered orally on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in awake dogs
Authors: Kempf Jennifer , Lewis Fraser , Reusch Claudia E. , Kook Peter H. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of cisapride and metoclopramide hydrochloride administered orally on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure in awake healthy dogs.
Animals—6 adult Beagles.
Procedures—Each dog was evaluated after administration of a single dose of cisapride (0.5 mg/kg), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg), or placebo (empty gelatin-free capsule) in 3 experiments performed at 3-week intervals. To measure LES pressure, a high-resolution manometry catheter equipped with 40 pressure sensors spaced 10 mm apart was used. For each experiment, LES pressure was recorded during a 20-minute period with a virtual electronic sleeve emulation before treatment (baseline) and at 1, 4, and 7 hours after drug or placebo administration. A linear mixed-effects model was used to test whether the 3 treatments affected LES pressure differently.
Results—In the cisapride, metoclopramide, and placebo experiments, median baseline LES pressures were 29.1, 30.5, and 29.0 mm Hg, respectively. For the cisapride, metoclopramide, and placebo treatments, median LES pressures at 1 hour after administration were 44.4, 37.8, and 36.6 mm Hg, respectively; median LES pressures at 4 hours after administration were 50.7, 30.6, and 31.1 mm Hg, respectively; and median LES pressures at 7 hours after administration were 44.3, 28.5, and 33.3 mm Hg, respectively. The LES pressures differed significantly only between the placebo and cisapride treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that orally administered cisapride may be of benefit in canine patients for which an increase in LES pressure is desirable, whereas orally administered metoclopramide did not affect LES resting pressures in dogs.
Effects of experimental mechanical manipulations on local inflammation in the jejunum of horses
Authors: Hopster-Iversen Charlotte C. S. , Hopster Klaus , Staszyk Carsten , Rohn Karl , Freeman David E. , Rötting Anna K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine characteristics of the inflammatory reaction in the jejunum of horses in response to various mechanical manipulations.
Animals—12 adult warmblood horses without gastrointestinal tract disorders.
Procedures—The proximal aspect of the jejunum in each horse was divided into 5 segments, and the following manipulations were performed: manual emptying, placement of Doyen forceps, enterotomy alone, enterotomy with mucosal abrasion, and serosal abrasion. Jejunum samples were collected before (control), immediately after, and 30 minutes after the end of manipulations and histologically evaluated to determine distribution of neutrophils and eosinophils.
Results—Macroscopically, all manipulations resulted in jejunal hemorrhage and edema. Compared with control samples, neutrophil numbers were significantly higher after manipulations in the serosa (after all manipulation types), circular muscle layer (after manual emptying), submucosa (after placement of Doyen forceps), and mucosa (after all manipulations except enterotomy alone). Eosinophil numbers were significantly higher in the submucosa after mechanical abrasion of the serosa and manual emptying versus control samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated mechanical manipulation of the jejunum resulted in local inflammatory reactions characterized predominantly by infiltration of neutrophils. This could contribute to the development of postoperative ileus or adhesions in horses without macroscopically detectable injury of the jejunum during surgery.
Ultrastructure and growth factor content of equine platelet-rich fibrin gels
Authors: Textor Jamie A. , Murphy Kaitlin C. , Leach J. Kent , Tablin Fern 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare fiber diameter, pore area, compressive stiffness, gelation properties, and selected growth factor content of platelet-rich fibrin gels (PRFGs) and conventional fibrin gels (FGs).
Sample—PRFGs and conventional FGs prepared from the blood of 10 healthy horses.
Procedures—Autologous fibrinogen was used to form conventional FGs. The PRFGs were formed from autologous platelet-rich plasma of various platelet concentrations (100 × 103 platelets/μL, 250 × 103 platelets/μL, 500 × 103 platelets/μL, and 1,000 × 103 platelets/μL). All gels contained an identical fibrinogen concentration (20 mg/mL). Fiber diameter and pore area were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Maximum gelation rate was assessed with spectrophotometry, and gel stiffness was determined by measuring the compressive modulus. Gel weights were measured serially over 14 days as an index of contraction (volume loss). Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β1 concentrations were quantified with ELISAs.
Results—Fiber diameters were significantly larger and mean pore areas were significantly smaller in PRFGs than in conventional FGs. Gel weight decreased significantly over time, differed significantly between PRFGs and conventional FGs, and was significantly correlated with platelet concentration. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and transforming growth factor-β1 concentrations were highest in gels and releasates derived from 1,000 × 103 platelets/μL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The inclusion of platelets in FGs altered the architecture and increased the growth factor content of the resulting scaffold. Platelets may represent a useful means of modifying these gels for applications in veterinary and human regenerative medicine.
Anthropometry in cardio-metabolic risk assessment
Authors: Mišigoj-Duraković Marjeta , Sorić Maroje , Duraković Zijad 
Published: March 2014

SažetakS visokom prevalencijom debljine i s njom povezanih kroničnih metaboličkih i srčano-žilnih bolesti aktualizirana je potreba primjene jednostavnih antropometrijskih pokazatelja u procjeni prekomjerne tjelesne mase i debljine i u primarnom probiru rizičnih skupina, najčešće ITM-om odnosno indeksom tjelesne mase. On se primjenjuje u epidemiološkim istraživanjima, ali i u svakodnevnom radu u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti, pri procjeni kardiovaskularnog rizika uz kliničku i laboratorijsku dijagnostiku, savjetovanju pravilne prehrane i praćenju učinaka dijetetskih mjera u prehrani te savjetovanju tjelesne aktivnosti i vježbanja. Međutim, s obzirom na to da nije pokazatelj tjelesnoga sastava, u individualnoj procjeni prekomjerne mase u mnogim slučajevima ne zadovoljava. To se osobito odnosi na procjenu tjelesno aktivnih osoba i sportaša s dobro razvijenom nemasnom tjelesnom masom, u kojih nalazimo prekomjernu tjelesnu masu, ali bez viška masti, kao i u osoba s normalnom tjelesnom masom i malom nemasnom masom i/ili gracilnim skeletom. Posljednjih desetljeća posebnu pozornost zaokuplja uloga različite raspodjele tjelesne masti u razvoju kroničnih metaboličkih i srčanožilnih bolesti. Najboljim antropometrijskim prediktorom kardiovaskularnog rizika smatra se opseg trbuha (OT). Neizravni je pokazatelj veličine nakupljanja visceralne masti. OT i omjer opsega struka i kukova dobri su pokazatelji distribucije tjelesne masti i kardio-metaboličkog rizika. Razmatra se varijabilnost i unutar skupine osoba s povećanim OT-om s obzirom na rizik od razvoja metaboličkog sindroma. Hipertrigliceridemija uz povećani OT smatra se prvim pokazateljem povećanog metaboličkog rizika. U radu su navedeni postupci analize tjelesnog sastava, posebno antropometrijski, koje se svrstava u skupinu jednostavnih i jeftinijih postupaka. Razvoj generaliziranih jednadžbi za procjenu gustoće tijela doveo je do uporabe antropometrije u analizi tjelesnog sastava u praktičnom radu.
Efficiency of hepatocyte pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 against statin toxicity
Authors: Eghbal Mohammad Ali , Abdoli Narges , Azarmi Yadollah 
Published: March 2014

Summary Statins are potent cholesterol-lowering drugs that can have serious adverse effects on the muscles and liver. The aim of our in vitro study was to establish the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, in its optimal dose of 200 μmol L-1) against cytotoxicity induced by atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin in isolated rat hepatocytes by observing parameters such as cell death, reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular reduced and oxidised glutathione content. Our findings have shown that pretreatment with CoQ10 was effective in reducing the toxic effects of statins in rat hepatocytes. This work demonstrates that the addition of CoQ10 to statin treatment regimens may protect hepatocytes (and also other types of cells) from statin-induced injuries and alleviate their side effects.
Protective effects of oestradiol against cadmium-induced changes in blood parameters and oxidative damage in rats
Authors: Mladenović Jelena , Ognjanović Branka , Đorđević Nataša , Matić Miloš , Knežević Veroljub , Štajn Andraš , Saičić Zorica 
Published: March 2014

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oestradiol (E2, 4 mg kg-1 b.w. i.p.) against cadmium-induced (Cd, 2 mg kg-1 b.w. i.p.) blood changes in rats. Cadmium induced a significant decline in haemoglobin, haematocrit, and total erythrocyte, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte count, whereas total leukocytes and granulocytes increased. A significant increase was also observed in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, AST, and ALT activities, whereas total protein and albumin levels dropped significantly. Administration of E2 in combination with Cd alleviated most of these adverse effects. In terms of oxidative stress, Cd significantly increased oxygen-free radicals (O2 •- and H2O2) in neutrophils and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, whereas E2 treatment reversed these changes to control values. Acute Cd poisoning significantly lowered antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity and the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and vitamin E), while increasing in GSSG. Treatments with E2 reversed Cd-induced effects on the antioxidant defences and significantly lowered Cd-induced oxidative damage in erythrocytes. This study suggests that exogenous E2 effectively restores redox balance in rat erythrocytes and counters adverse haematological and biochemical effects of Cd poisoning. It also improves the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes, acting in synergy with endogenous antioxidants.
Degradation of soil cyanide by single and mixed cultures of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Nwokoro Ogbonnaya , Dibua Marie Esther Uju 
Published: March 2014

Summary The aim of this investigation was to study whether certain bacteria could be used for cyanide degradation in soil. The bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus subtilis were selected based on their good growth in a minimal medium containing 0.8 mg mL-1 potassium cyanide (KCN). In this study we tested their ability to reduce cyanide levels in a medium containing 1.5 mg mL-1 of KCN. Although both microorganisms reduced cyanide levels, Pseudomonas stutzeri was the more effective test organism. Later on, the selected cultures were grown, diluted and their various cell concentrations were used individually and in combination to test their ability of cyanide degradation in soil samples collected around a cassava processing mill. Bacillus subtilis caused degradation of soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil immediately with an inoculum concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) to 0.072 mg g-1 soil after 10 days with an inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) implying a 66.9 % reduction. Pseudomonas stutzeri cell concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) decreased soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil initially to 0.061 mg g-1 soil after 10 days with an inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) (72 % reduction). The mixed culture of the two bacteria produced the best degradation of soil cyanide from 0.218 mg g-1 soil sample with a combined inoculum concentration of 0.1 (OD600nm) initially to 0.025 mg g-1 soil with a combined inoculum concentration of 0.6 (OD600nm) after 10 days incubation resulting in an 88.5 % degradation of soil cyanide. The analysed bacteria displayed high cyanide degradation potential and may be useful for efficient decontamination of cyanide contaminated sites.
Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of clopidogrel: Determination of clopidogrel and its carboxylic acid metabolite (SR26334) under fasting and fed conditions in healthy subjects
Authors: Brvar Nina , Lachance Sylvain , Lévesque Ann , Breznik Marjanca , Cvitkovič Marčič Lea , Merslavič Mateja , Grabnar Iztok , Mateovič-Rojnik Tatjana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Two randomized, single dose, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover studies were conducted to evaluate the comparative bioavailability of two clopidogrel formulations under fasting and fed conditions. Assessment of bioequivalence was based upon measurement of plasma concentrations of the parent drug, clopidogrel, and its major (inactive) metabolite, clopidogrel carboxylic acid, using improved methanol-free extraction. Bioequivalence of Krka’s formulation to the innovator’s formulation was demonstrated under both fasting and fed conditions on 205 volunteers. Confidence intervals for AUC0-t, AUC0-inf and Cmax of clopidogrel and its main metabolite were well within the acceptance range of 80.00 to 125.00 %. Food substantially increased the bioavailability of clopidogrel from both formulations, while no effect of food on the extent and rate of exposure to the metabolite was observed. The effect of food was comparable between the two formulations, as indicated by the same direction and rank of food impact on the bioavailability of both formulations.
Investigation of in situ gelling alginate formulations as a sustained release vehicle for co-precipitates of dextromethrophan and Eudragit S 100
Authors: Maghraby Gamal Mohamed El , Elzayat Ehab Mostafa , Alanazi Fars Kaed 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Alginate vehicles are capable of forming a gel matrix in situ when they come into contact with gastric medium in the presence of calcium ions. However, the gel structure is pH dependent and can break after gastric emptying, leading to dose dumping. The aim of this work was to develop modified in situ gelling alginate formulations capable of sustaining dextromethorphan release throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Alginate solution (2 %, m/m) was used as a vehicle for the tested formulations. Solid matrix of the drug and Eudragit S 100 was prepared by dissolving the drug and polymer in acetone. The organic solvent was then evaporated and the deposited solid matrix was micronized, sieved and dispersed in alginate solution to obtain candidate formulations. The release behavior of dextromethorphan was monitored and evaluated in a medium simulating the gastric and intestinal pH. Drug-polymer compatibility and possible solid-state interactions suggested physical interaction through hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer. A significant decrease in the rate and extent of dextromethorphan release was observed with increasing Eudragit S 100 concentration in the prepared particles. Most formulations showed sustained release profiles similar to that of a commercial sustained-release liquid based on ion exchange resin. The release pattern indicated strict control of drug release both under gastric and intestinal conditions, suggesting the potential advantage of using a solid dispersion of drug-Eudragit S 100 to overcome the problem of dose dumping after the rupture of the pH dependent alginate gels
Spectrofluorimetric determination of gemifloxacin mesylate and linezolid in pharmaceutical formulations: Application of quinone-based fluorophores and enhanced native fluorescence
Authors: Moussa Bahia Abbas , Mahrouse Marianne Alphonse , Hassan Mahmoud Ali , Fawzy Michael Gamal 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Quinone-based fluorophores and enhanced native fluorescence techniques were applied for a fast quantitative analysis of gemifloxacin mesylate (GEM) and linezolid (LIN) in pharmaceutical formulations. For this purpose, three sensitive, accurate and precise spectrofluorimetric methods were developed. GEM, as an n-electron donor, reacts with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (method A) and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone (method B) as п-electron acceptors, forming charge transfer complexes that exhibit high fluorescence intensity at 441 and 390 nm upon excitation at 260 and 339 nm, respectively. Method C depends on measurement of enhanced native fluorescence of LIN in phosphate buffer (pH 5) at 380 nm upon excitation at 260 nm. Experimental factors affecting fluorescence intensity were optimized. Linearity was obtained over concentration ranges 50-500, 10-60 and 20-400 ng mL-1 for methods A, B and C, respectively. The developed methods were validated and successfully applied for determination of the cited drugs in tablets.
The effect of diclofenac on proliferation and production of growth factors by endothelial cells (HMEC-1) under hypoxia and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Wiktorowska-Owczarek Anna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Diclofenac belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-selective COX inhibitors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of diclofenac on endothelial cell proliferation under the influence of hypoxia or inflammatory conditions. Another goal was to check whether diclofenac modulates the secretion of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and bFGF in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in the presence of CoCl2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which could influence the endothelial cells in an autocrine manner or other cells in a paracrine manner. HMEC-1 cells were treated with 0.1 and 0.3 mmol L-1 diclofenac in the presence of 100 μg mL-1 LPS or 200 μmol L-1 CoCl2. Diclofenac decreased cell viability under hypoxia and inflammatory conditions. The stimulation of bFGF secretion by LPS in microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell) was attenuated by diclofenac. Diclofenac increased the secretion of VEGF induced by LPS and hypoxia.
New frontiers of target therapy in oncology: acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Petković Ivan , Pejčić Ivica , Vrbić Svetislav 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARY
By introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) an revolution in therapy of this disease has been made. The rate of molecular complete remissions (CR) have been doubled compared to conventional chemotherapy with anthracyclines ranging from 90% to 95%. Consolidation therapy is required in order to reduce the risk of early relapse. Maintenance therapy is recommended as it further reduces the risk of relapse, especially in high-risk patients. The relapse rate in APL is relatively high, about 30% and is the most common within three years of starting the treatment. Another agent, arsenic trioxide (ATO) is the optimal drug that achieves high CR rate in relapsed, approximately 80% and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may prolong the overall survival in patients with APL. ATRA and ATO have become a paradigm of targeted therapy, and APL is a paradigm of curable disease, at least in comparison to other forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).