bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Turnover of Membrane Proteins in Rat Liver: An Examination of the Membrane Flow Hypothesis
Authors: Franke Werner W. , Morre D. James , Deumling Barbara , Cheetham Ronald D. , Kartenbeck Jürgen , Jarasch Ernst-Dieter , Zentgraf Hans-Walter 
Published: February 2015

The kinetics of synthesis and degradation of the protein constituents of nuclear membranes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes (rough-surfaced microsomes), Golgi apparatus membranes and plasma membranes were determined following a single administration of L- [guanido-14C] arginine by intraperitoneal injection. Membrane protein was determined as the fraction which resists sonication and sequential extrations with 1.5 M KCl, 0.1% deoxycholate and water to remove intravesicular, intracisternal (secretory), nucleo-, adsorbed and ribosome-associated proteins.
The order of maximum labeling of membrane proteins was a) endoplasmic reticulum (nuclear membrane), b) Golgi apparatus, and c) plasma membrane. Rapid decreases in specific radioactivity followed maximal labeling of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus membranes. These rapid turnover components of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were sufficient to account for labeling of plasma membranes via a flow mechanism.
Incorporation of radioactivity into plasma membranes showed two distinct phases. The ultrastructural features underlying the biphasic pattern of incorporation into plasma membranes are discussed.
Following initial incorporation and rapid turnover, membrane proteins were characterized by degradation kinetics approximating 1st order. Rates of degradation for Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes were faster than those for nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
Assuming steady state conditions, an absolute synthetic rate of 7.1 mpg/min/avergage hepatocyte was calculated for membrane proteins of the plasma membrane.
The results are compatible with intracellular movement and conversion of rough endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane via the membranes of the Golgi apparatus, i. e., membrane flow. Additionally, the kinetics indicate that membrane synthesis and transfer is restricted to specific parts of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Größenbestimmung biologischer Partikel durch Gelchromatographie an Sepharose 6B / Determination of Particle Size by Gel Chromatography with Sepharose 6B
Authors: Gerlich Wolfram 
Published: February 2015

Gel chromatography with 6% agarose gel (Sepharose 6B) can be used for measuring the Stokes’ radius of biological particles within the range of 1,5 nm and 35 nm. The molecular weight determination of proteins is not very reliable with this method. Hepatitis sera have been chromatographied to measure the size of hepatitis associated antigen (Australia-antigen).
The radius of this antigen was determined to be 10,3 nm, which agrees with the results of electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. The Stokes’ radius of human serum IgM was found to be 10,6 nm.
Structural Studies of the Ribonucleoprotein G-Antigen of Influenza Virus
Authors: Levitch M. J. Sparks , Eckert Edward A. 
Published: February 2015

The physical and serological states of ribonucleoprotein antigen, released by dissociation of influenza virus, have been characterized. While the simplest antigenic derivative has a sedimentation constant of 4s, more complex antigenic forms, 19s, 38s, and 60s have been identified and isolated. The physical dimensions of isolated g-antigen are dependent on the form of pretreatment of virus concentrate and on the method of virus disruption. The properties of several isolated substructures vary, depending on interaction of the protein with host antigen and nucleic acid.
The results suggest that influenza virus ribonucleoprotein associates readily with host antigens and that this interaction plays a significant role in initiating the process of budding which leads to release of mature virus.
Fusion of Isolated Mitochondria with Tissue Culture Cells
Authors: Radsak K. , Sawicki W. , Koprowski H. 
Published: February 2015

Experiments were undertaken to study the effect of introducing isolated mammalian cell mitochondria into tissue culture cells. The DNA of isolated mitochondria was labeled in vitro with 3H-thymidine. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into mitochondrial DNA was increased tenfold by the addition of bovine serum albumin and sucrose to the assay.
Labeled HeLa cell mitochondria were fused with WI38 (human fibroblast) and I-T-22 (Bromodeoxyuridine resistant mouse cell line) cells in the presence of Sendai virus and autoradiographs were made. The results indicated that isolated mitochondria may have been introduced into the cells by the fusion process.
Fusion of mitochondria isolated from mouse tumor cell lines with isogenic primary mouse embryo fibroblasts induced permanent growth of these cells in tissue culture, whereas isolated mitochondria of mouse embryo fibroblasts or allogenic tumor cells did not have this effect.
Calciumisotopieeffekte beim Ionenaustausch an Dowex Al / Isotopic Effects of Calcium by Ion Exchange Using Dowex Al Resin
Authors: Heumann Klaus G. 
Published: February 2015

The isotopic effect of calcium was determined in several heterogeneous systems with the chelating resin Dowex Al. In one column experiment the dependence of the isotopic effect on the concentration of the hydrochloric acid as the eluent was studied. In the case of a 10-2 M HCl the isotope 48Ca was enriched in the solution. In the case of a 10-4 M HCl an enrichment of the isotope 40Ca was observed in the solution. This inversion of the isotopic effect can be explained by the formation of a calcium complex in the chelating resin occurring in a 10-4 M HCl solution.
In another column experiment calcium was eluated with an EDTA solution. An enrichment of the heavier calcium isotopes was found in the solution. In this case only a small separation factor was found, because calcium forms a complex in the Dowex Al resin as well as in the EDTA solution.
In a static ion exchange experiment on the system Ca (DOWEX A1)
2+/Ca(aq.)
2+ the elementary separation factor was measured. The heavier isotopes were enriched in the solution. For the ratio 44Ca/40Ca the elementary separation factor was found to be 1.0137, in the case of 48Ca/40Ca the separation factor was 1.0214.
Das Bürzeldrüsensekret der Trauerente (Melanitta nigra) / The Uropygial Gland Wax from the Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra)
Authors: Jacob J. , Zeman A. 
Published: February 2015

The uropygial gland fat from the common scoter (Melanitta nigra) is a mixture of ester waxes of which 2,4,6-trimethyl-octanoic and 2,4,6-trimethyl-nonanoic acid are shown to be the main compounds within the acidic components. Besides traces of 2,4-dimethyl-heptanoic and 4,6-dimethyloctanoic acid could be detected. The alcoholic components of the waxes are more complex and consist of n-alkanols (77,6%) with chain-length from C14— C18 and of monomethyl-substituted primary alcohols with the same chain-length and branches in 2-, 4-, 8-, 12- and 14-position.
Chemotaxonomically the common scoter differs from other birds of this tribe but has some relationship to the barnacle goose and to the red-breasted merganser.
Increase in Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Following Serial Cultivation in Media with Increased (Hypertonic) NaCl Content
Authors: Schachtschabel D. O. 
Published: February 2015

The cellular activity of ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) and ouabain-insensitive Mg++-ATPase was analysed in sublines of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells serially cultivated either in isotonic media or in media with progressively increased NaCl concentration (up to 0.40 ᴍ).
Progressive elevation in the NaCl content of the medium resulted in a progressive increase of cellular ATPase activity, Na+-K+-ATPase thereby being more affected than Mg++-ATPase. These alterations in ATPase activities are interpreted as “adaptive” changes in response to the elevated ionic environment, since “readaptation” of these “high-salt”-tolerant cells to growth in isotonic media resulted in a reversion of the enzyme activities to the level characteristic of the original parent cells.
Über den Abbau von Flavonolen in pflanzlichen Zellsuspensionskulturen / Degradation of Flavonols in Plant Suspension Cultures
Authors: Hösel Wolfgang , Shaw Paul D. , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

The flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were labelled with 14C by keeping seven day old Cicer arietinum L. plants in an atmosphere of 14CO2 for five days. The purified (U-14C) flavonols were applied to cell suspension cultures of Cicer arietinum L., Phaseolus aureus Roxb., Glycine max and Petroselinum hortense. Based on the rates of 14CO2 formation and distribution of radioactivity after fractionation of the cells, the flavonols were shown to be catabolized to a very high extent.
All four cell suspension cultures possess the enzymatic activity transforming flavonols to the recently discovered 2,3-dihydroxyflavanones. Upon incubation of the flavonols datiscetin and kaempferol with enzyme preparations from Cicer arietinum L. cell suspension cultures, it was demonstrated that the enzymatically formed 2,3-dihydroxyflavanones are further transformed in an enzyme catalyzed reaction. Salicylic acid was found as a degradation fragment of ring B of the 2,3,5,7,2′-pentahydroxyflavanone derived from datiscetin. Neither phloroglucinol nor phloroglucinol carboxylic acid were observed as metabolites of ring A. These in vitro findings were further substantiated by in vivo data because the flavonols kaempferol, quercetin and datiscetin when applied to cell suspension cultures of Cicer arietinum L. and Glycine max gave rise to para-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and salicylic acid, respectively. It was thus concluded that flavonols are catabolized via 2,3-dihydroxyflavanones with the B-ring liberated as the respective benzoic acid. The data are discussed in connection with earlier findings on the catabolism of chalcones, cinnamic and benzoic acids.
Spin Label Studies on the Flavoproteins Lipoamide Dehydrogenase and D-Amino Acid Oxidase
Authors: Grande H. J. , Visser A. J. W. G. , De Wit J. L. , Müller F. , Veeger C. 
Published: February 2015

Maleimide spin label was covalently bound to sulfhydryl residues of ᴅ-amino acid oxidase and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Labeling of native ᴅ-amino acid oxidase resulted in a non-homogeneous EPR-spectrum, which consisted of 4 moles of spin label bound immobile to the enzyme (mol.-weight 90.000). A detailed analysis of the spectrum, the kinetics of the reaction of the spin label with the protein and the temperature dependence of the spectrum showed that the spectrum originates from two different pairs of sulfhydryl groups. The spin labeled lipoamide dehydrogenase yielded also a mixed EPR-spectrum of two different bound spin labels, i.e. an immobile and a semimobile species. The temperature dependence gave for both types of spectra a transition point at 10°C. Titration with urea gave only for the immobile species a transition at 1.5 M. Part of the semimobile species seems to be bound near the active site.
ᴅ-amino acid oxidase was also specifically labeled, near the active site, with a substrate analogue. From its EPR-spectrum it appeared that the analogue was bound very mobile (τc=0.3 nsec) with respect to the protein. Removal of FAD had a drastic reversible effect on the spectrum.
Darstellung, Eigenschaften und Schwingungsspektrum von Wismut(III)dichlorphosphat, Bi(O2PCl2)3 · OPCl3 / Preparations, Chemical Properties and the Vibrational Spectra of Bismuthum (III) dichlorphosphate, Bi (O2PCl2) 3·OPCl3
Authors: Klopsch A. , Dehnicke K. 
Published: February 2015

Bi(O2PCl2)3·POCl3, formed by the reaction of BiCl3 and Cl2O in POCl3 solution, has been characterised by vibrational spectroscopy. The Bi-atom is surrounded by the O-atoms of the chlorophosphate groups and the POCl3 in a pseudo-hexahedral arrangement.
The IR-spectrum of BiCl3 in the 200—600 cm—1 region is reported.
Nile Blue Inducible Fluorescence of Tumour Cells
Authors: Bastos A. L. , Marques Dante 
Published: February 2015

An oxazine dye, Nile Blue sulfate, induces a fluorescent reaction in cytoplasmic granules (NBIFG) of living or fixed tumour cells in the same manner as reported before for Thiazine dyes.
The NBIFG correspond to phase contrast positive granules when cells are viewed by phase contrast microscopy. Fluorescence disappears from NBIFG in a matter of 2—4 days and the bodies turn deep blue. These granules have a succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) activity and are negative for acid phosphatase, peroxidasic activity and porphyrin.
The cytological findings support the assumption that Nile Blue sulfate forms a salt linkage with unsaturated fatty acids of NBIFG which also show an oxi-reductive activity. The molecular nature of the fluorophore (s) is (are) unknown.
Stimulierung von Kulturen embryonaler Rattenzellen durch Kälberserum, III / Stimulation of Embryonic Rat Cells in Culture by Calf Serum, III
Authors: Humpel Michael , Frank Werner 
Published: February 2015

Embryonic rat cells which have been stopped in G1-phase of their cell cycle by incubation in serum-free medium can be triggered by the addition of calf serum.
Expamination of uridine uptake and RNA synthesis after stimulation gave the following results:
1) Uridine uptake into the acid soluble pool is increased within a few minutes.
2) 2 hours after the addition of serum cells incorporate twice as much 3H-uridine into the acid insoluble material as do cells in serum-free medium; this is not the result of a higher rate of RNA synthesis but is due to an increased uridine uptake.
As demonstrated by isolation of RNA and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels a significant de novo synthesis can be detected 4 hours after stimulation. Sedimentation coefficients of these RNA species are between 28S and 18S, and 18S and 4/5S, resp.; they turn over quite rapidly as was demonstrated by chase experiments.
3) When cells are grown for 2 hours in medium containing 3H-uridine, little label can be detected in the ribosomal 18S- and 28S-RNA. Radioaktivity in these species is, however, strongly increased after another incubation period of 2 hours in culture medium without 3H-uridine. This indicates that precursor molecules ars synthetized and subsequently degrated into 28S- and 18S-rRNA.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors, 49.
Authors: Junkes Peter , Baudler Marianne , Dobbers Jürgen , Rackwitz Dieter 
Published: February 2015

The 31P- and 1H-NMR spectra of PH3, PD3, P2H4, P2D4, P3H5, and of a mixture of higher phosphanes were investigated at -60° to -93°C. The chemical shifts of the 31P-spectra were determined against TMS by means of INDOR measurements and converted to the shifts against 85% H3PO4 at 30°C using (CH3O)3P as an auxiliary substance. By the same method a P4O6/CS2 solution was calibrated as a 31P-low temperature standard.
While liquid P2H4 exhibits no remarkable association, it shows an obvious influence on PH3 dissolved in it. By means of double resonance experiments the equivalency of protons in P2H4 could be demonstrated as well as the AB2 system expected for P3H5
Die Wirkung von Hydroxyharnstoff auf die DNA-Synthese embryonaler Rattenzellen in Kultur / The Effect of Hydroxyurea on DNA Synthesis of Embryonic Rat Cells in Culture
Authors: Manso-Martinez Rafael , Frank Werner 
Published: February 2015

3H-thymidine incorporation by secondary cultures of embryonic rat cells and by cultures of a permanent rat cell line is strongly inhibited a few minutes after addition of hydroxyurea (HU) to the culture medium (2 × 10-3 ᴍ and 5 × 10-4 ᴍ, resp.); normal embryonic rat cells are considerably less sensitive to the drug than are permanent cells. About 76 percent of the population of a secondary culture can be synchronized at the beginning of the S-period, if the cells at first are accumulated in G1 phase by incubation in serum-free medium and subsequently are stimulated by the addition of ten percent calf serum in the presence of 2 × 10-3 ᴍ HU.
The size of DNA replicated in the presence of HU has been analysed by centrifugation in alkaline sucrose gradients. The results indicate that under these conditions DNA subunits are synthesized with sedimentation coefficients between 21S and 30S. These intermediates cannot be joined together, probably because a ligase is inhibited by HU.
Secondary culture incubated in medium-containing 1 × 10-4 ᴍ HU incorporate twice as much 3H-thymidine as do control cells in HU-free medium. This is due to an increased number of cells in the S phase, as was shown by autoradiography. The kinetics of thymidine incorporation indicate that the duration of G1 phase is shortened by small doses of HU
Infra Red and Ultra Violet Spectra of Some Divalent Transition Cupferrone Complexes
Authors: Abou El Ela A. H. , Abdel Kerim F. M. , Afifi H. H. , Aly H. F. 
Published: February 2015

The IR and UV absorption spectra of the ammonium salt of cupferrone and manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc divalent cupferrate complexes are investigated. The IR absorption bands identified in the region 400-4000 cm-1 are given and assigned, especially those three related to M-O vibrations.
In the UV absorption spectrum of the cupferrone metal complexes a characteristic shift in the maxima and minima appears.
Ternäre Pnictide und Chalkogenide von Alkalimetallen und IB-bzw. IIB-Elementen / On Ternary Pnictides and Chalkogenides of Alkaline Metals and IB-resp. II B-Elements
Authors: Savelsberg Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

The new compounds NaCuSe, NaCuTe, KCuSe, KCuTe and KZnP were prepared and their structures − together with those of KZnSb, NaCdSb and NaZnSb − determined. NaCuSe, NaCuTe and NaZnSb crystallize in a PbFCl type, while NaCdSb forms the anti-PbCl2-structure. KCuSe, KCuTe, KZnP and KZnSb build up the Ni2ln-structure.
The lattice constants are:
NaZnSb P4/nmm a = 444(2) pm c = 749(2) pm c/a = 1.69
NaCuSe P 4/nmm a = 410(2) pm c = 682(2) pm c/a = 1.66
NaCuTe P4/nmm a = 438(2) pm c = 711(2) pm c/a = 1.62
NaCdSb Pnma a = 795(2) pm b = 471(2) pm c = 842(2) pm
KZnP P 63/mmc a = 409(2) pm c = 1014(2) pm c/a = 2.48
KZnSb P 63/mmc a = 454(2) pm c = 1050(2) pm c/a = 2.31
KCuSe P 63/mmc a = 418(2) pm c = 954(2) pm c/a = 2.28
KCuTe P 63/mmc a = 446(2) pm c = 995(2) pm c/a = 2.23
Darstellung und thermische Zersetzung von Erdalkalimetall-Carbamoylphospliaten / Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of Carbamoylphosphates of Alkaline-earth Metals
Authors: Seel Fritz , Schinnerling Fritz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After the formation of carbamoylphosphate through the reaction of KH2PO4 with KNCO in aqueous solution, unreacted phosphate and carbamoylphosphate can be separated by fractional precipitation with barium (first step) and calcium or strontium or barium salt solutions (second step) at low temperatures. The carbamoylphosphates of the alkaline earth metals are decomposed above 100 °C to yield predominantly diphosphates and urea. In aqueous suspensions the decomposition proceeds even at room temperature. - The chemical shifts of the phosphorus atom of the carbamoylphosphate ion between pH 6.5 and 8.2 are given.
Kristall-und Molekülstruktur von N-(TricHorgermyl)-trimethylphosphinimin [Cl3Ge-N=PMe3]n, n = 1 und 2 / Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-(Trichlorogermyl)-trimethylphosphinimine [Cl3Ge-N=PMe3]n, n= 1 and 2
Authors: Sheldrick W. S. , Schomburg D. , Wolfsberger W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
N-(Trichlorogermyl)trimethylphosphinimine crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̅ with a = 12.49(2), b = 12.54(3), c = 6.66(1) Å,a = 100.96(10),β = 91.45(14), γ = 102.77(15)°. The structure was solved by Patterson and difference syntheses and refined to R = 0.063 for 2867 independent reflections. In the unit cell there are two symmetry related monomers containing tetracoordinated Ge and one crystallographically centrosymmetric dimer with a planar four-membered [GeN]2 ring exhibiting trigonal-bipyramidal pentacoordinated Ge and trigonal N. Significant differences are observed in the bond lengths from pentacoordinated Ge to its equatorial and axial ligands: Ge-Neq 1.837(7), Ge-Nax 1.972(7), Ge-Cleq 2.176(2) and 2.170(2), Ge-Clax 2.345(3) Å. The Ge-Neq distance is similar to that observed in tetracoordinated derivatives [1.81-1.87 Å], whereas the Ge-Nax distance is 0.22 Å shorter than that observed for the axial N→Ge coordinate bond in hitherto known pentacoordinated derivatives [2.19-2.24 Å]. The very short Ge-N bond length of 1.737(8) Å in the monomer which is 0.07 Å shorter than in other tetracoordinated derivatives may be indicative of the involvement of a (p→d)π component.
Elektrochemische Synthesen, XIV [1] Radikalkation-Salze des Naphthalins / Electrochemical Syntheses, XIV [1]. Radical Cation Salts of Naphthalene
Authors: Fritz Heinz P. , Gebauer Helmut , Friedrich Peter , Ecker Peter , Artes Reinhold , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By anodic oxidation of naphthalene in H2CCl2/O.O2m Bu4NPF6 at -45 °C dark red-violet crystals of (C10H8)2PF6 can be obtained by electrocrystallisation. They are stable at low temperatures, however, decompose on warming. In solution and in the polycrystalline state these radical cation salts show only narrow e.p.r. signals without h.f.s. The specific conductivity of a polycrystalline pellet at room temperature was determined to be 0.12 ±0.046 Ohm-1 cm-1 . The structure determination of (C10H8)2PF6 yielded the tetragonal space group P42/n, Z = 2, a = b = 1156(2), c = 640(1) pm. Patterson synthesis and difference Fourier analyses showed the compound to have a columnar stacking of C10H8 units the long molecular axes of which are twisted alternately by 90° around a screw axis in c-direction, and the molecular planes of which are 320 pm apart. The PF6
-ions have four nearest C10H8 neighbours lying in pairs in parallel planes 63 pm above and below that plane of PF6
- perpendicular to the c-axis and containing a PF4 group. This is the first established case for a columnar structure of a pure hydrocarbon radical cation. (C10H8)2AsF6 is isomorphous.
Reaktionen von Lithio-aminofluorsilanen mit Halogensilanen und Trimethylzinnchlorid / Reactions of Lithio-aminofluorosilanes with Halogensilanes and Trimethyltinchloride
Authors: Klingebiel Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fluorosilanes react with lithium amides and organolithium compounds to give aminofluorosilanes. (Lithioamino)fluorosilanes are formed by the reaction of aminofluorosilanes with butyllithium depending on the steric influence and molecular stabilization of the ligands. These lithium salts react with halogensilanes and trimethyltin chloride with substitution. By LiF elimination the lithioaminofluorosilane
C6H5-SiF-NLiC(CH3)3-N(p-C6H4CH3Si(CH3)3)
cyclisizes through a (2+2)cycloaddition and SiC-H-cleavage.
BaSb3, ein Antimonid mit einem zweidimensional unendlichen [Sb3
2-]n-Polyanion / BaSb3, an Antimonide with an Infinite Twodimensional [Sb3
2-]n - Anion
Authors: Deller Klaus , Eisenmann Brigitte 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The new compound BaSb3 has been prepared and its structure determined. It crystallizes monoclinic (C 2/m, a = 1080.7(5) pm, b = 851.9(5) pm, c = 647.1(5) pm, β = 112.66(4)°). The Sb-atoms build up 14-rings of two-and threebonded Sb, which are connected to puckered nets.
Arsenhaltige Heterocyclen / Heterocycles Containing Arsenic
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Sidiropoulos Georg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the reaction of N,N'-bis-trimethylsilyl-dimethylurea with As[N(CH3)2]3 a four membered ring O = C(NCH3)2AsN(CH3)2 1 could be isolated. 1 was not obtained by cleavage of the Si-N-bonds with the corresponding chloride. In contrast
CH3N[CONCH3Si(CH3)3]2

reacts with AsCb to yield the six-membered ring CH3N(CON-CH3)2ASCl 2. The four-membered ring which contains an arsenic-halogen bond seems to be unstable. In the adamantane-type compound, AS4(NCH3)6, one methylamine could be eliminated by CF3SO3H to give AS4(NCH3)5(OSO2CF3)2 3. 1H, 19F NMR as well as mass spectroscopy have been used in the characterization of the products obtained.