bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superwetting Materials of Oil–Water Emulsion Separation
Authors: Si Yifan , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
With industrial development and population expansion, the problem of water pollution has intensified. The purification of oily water, especially oil–water emulsions, is one of the important topics of environment protection. Traditional filter membranes, to some extent, are useful for the separations of oil–water mixtures but suffer from many limitations and there is no effective way to achieve emulsified oil–water separation. Superwetting materials, based on bionics, have opened a brand-new door to membrane separation techniques. The rise and maturation of nanometer-scale materials also injects new vigor into this research area. In this paper, we review the contributions to oil–water emulsion separation in recent literatures. The principles of superwetting materials in separation of oil–water mixtures have been briefly stated at first. Some classical and latest examples, as well as some great work by our group, have been emphasized. Section 3 is the key point of this article. It covers the most valuable of recent progresses in advanced materials for oil–water emulsion separation, from novel polymer membranes to nanomaterial-based membranes. Of course, special-wettability materials and non-two-dimensional separation methods have also been instructive. The aim of the optimal design of superwetting membranes is to make future researches theoretical, instructive, and practical. Finally, some challenges and the potential promising breakthroughs in this field are also succinctly highlighted.
Ni(II)-Catalyzed Sulfonylation of ortho C–H Bonds in Aromatic Amides Utilizing an N,N-Bidentate Directing Group
Authors: Yokota Ayana , Chatani Naoto 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The reaction of aromatic amides containing a 5-chloro-8-aminoquinoline moiety as the directing group with arylsulfonyl chlorides in the presence of Ni(OTf)2 as the catalyst results in sulfonylation at the ortho-position. Various arylsulfonyl chlorides can be used as the coupling partners.
Reversible Interconversion between 11,11,12,12-Tetraaryl-1,4-diaza/-1,4,5,8-tetraazaanthraquinodimethanes and Their Cationic Species: Electrochromic and Halochromic Responses
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Umezawa Yu , Sakano Yuto , Tamaoki Hitomi , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
11,11,12,12-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-diaza-2,3-diphenyl- and -1,4,5,8-tetraaza-2,3,6,7-tetraphenylanthraquinodimethanes (1 and 2) adopt a bent geometry. They undergo reversible redox interconversion with twisted dications 12+ and 22+, exhibiting a vivid change in color (electrochromism). Treatment with acid also induced drastic color change due to the formation of protonated species H-1+ and H-2+ (halochromism), thus demonstrating their two-way-input chromic behavior.
Can Private Money Buy Public Science? Disease Group Lobbying and Federal Funding for Biomedical Research
Authors: Hegde Deepak , Sampat Bhaven 
Published: April 2015

Private interest groups lobby politicians to influence public policy. However, little is known about how lobbying influences the policy decisions made by federal agencies. We study this through examining lobbying by advocacy groups associated with rare diseases for funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the world’s largest funder of biomedical research. Disease group lobbying for NIH funding has been controversial, with critics alleging that it distorts public funding toward research on diseases backed by powerful groups. Our data reveal that lobbying is associated with higher political support, in the form of congressional “soft earmarks” for the diseases. Lobbying increases with disease burden and is more likely to be associated with changes in NIH funding for diseases with higher scientific opportunity, suggesting that it may have a useful informational role. Only special grant mechanisms that steer funding toward particular diseases, which comprise less than a third of the NIH’s grants, are related to earmarks. Thus, our results suggest that lobbying by private groups influences federal funding for biomedical research. However, the channels of political influence are subtle, affect a small portion of funding, and may not necessarily have a distortive effect on public science.This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Fe availability drives phytoplankton photosynthesis rates during spring bloom in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Alderkamp Anne-Carlijn , van Dijken Gert L. , Lowry Kate E. , Connelly Tara L. , Lagerström Maria , Sherrell Robert M. , Haskins Christina , Rogalsky Emily , Schofield Oscar , Stammerjohn Sharon E. , Yager Patricia L. , Arrigo Kevin R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To evaluate what drives phytoplankton photosynthesis rates in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), Antarctica, during the spring bloom, we studied phytoplankton biomass, photosynthesis rates, and water column productivity during a bloom of Phaeocystis antarctica (Haptophyceae) and tested effects of iron (Fe) and light availability on these parameters in bioassay experiments in deck incubators. Phytoplankton biomass and productivity were highest (20 µg chlorophyll a L−1 and 6.5 g C m−2 d−1) in the central ASP where sea ice melt water and surface warming enhanced stratification, reducing mixed layer depth and increasing light availability. In contrast, maximum photosynthesis rate (P*max), initial light-limited slope of the photosynthesis–irradiance curve (α*), and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were highest in the southern ASP near the potential Fe sources of the Dotson and Getz ice shelves. In the central ASP, P*max, α*, and Fv/Fm were all lower. Fe addition increased phytoplankton growth rates in three of twelve incubations, and at a significant level when all experiments were analyzed together, indicating Fe availability may be rate-limiting for phytoplankton growth in several regions of the ASP early in the season during build-up of the spring bloom. Moreover, Fe addition increased P*max, α*, and Fv/Fm in almost all experiments when compared to unamended controls. Incubation under high light also increased P*max, but decreased Fv/Fm and α* when compared to low light incubation. These results indicate that the lower values for P*max, α*, and Fv/Fm in the central ASP, compared to regions close to the ice shelves, are constrained by lower Fe availability rather than light availability. Our study suggests that higher Fe availability (e.g., from higher melt rates of ice shelves) would increase photosynthesis rates in the central ASP and potentially increase water column productivity 1.7-fold, making the ASP even more productive than it is today.
Clinical evaluation of a silver-impregnated foam dressing in paediatric partial-thickness burns
Authors: Glat P.M. , Zhang S-H. , Burkey B.A. , Davis W.J. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:Mepilex Ag, a silver-impregnated foam dressing, was introduced to our institution in 2007 and our outcomes in the treatment of paediatric burns were observed to improve significantly. In order to confirm these observations, we wanted to evaluate the results of using the silver-impregnated foam dressing in partial-thickness paediatric burns.Method:In this retrospective study, the St. Christopher's Hospital burn registry was used to identify subjects, who were otherwise in excellent health at baseline, over an18-month period. Outcomes included length of stay, intravenous narcotic use, and time to healing. No direct comparative studies were performed. This was followed by a non-comparative prospective study involving 22 paediatric patients, aged 1–4 years, with partial-thickness burns. This was a sub-study of a larger randomised controlled trial involving adults with partial-thickness burns, comparing the silver-impregnated foam dressing with Silvadene.Results:In the retrospective part of the study, the silver-impregnated foam dressing was used successfully for the treatment of partial-thickness paediatric burns, with few complications and infections, allowing a shorter hospital stay, fewer dressings, and less pain medication than for historical controls. In the non-comparative prospective study, of 22 paediatric patients 50% healed completely within 1 week of treatment. The mean length of stay was 3.77 days and the mean number of dressings used was 1.64. Although narcotic usage was not assessed, patient surveys showed stinging or burning to be recorded as ‘never’ in 13 patients, ‘rarely’ in 8 patients, and ‘sometimes’ in 1 patient.Conclusion:The silver-impregnated foam dressing is effective and safe for use in partial-thickness paediatric burns, eliminating the need for daily dressings.Declaration of interest:The study was supported by an educational grant from Mölnlycke Health Care.
Sete falhas fatais na tentativa de derivar o Dátilo Hexâmetro da cola eólica
Authors: David A. P. 
Published: April 2015

M. L. West’s attempt to dismiss and discredit my book is here answered with the useful and the substantial. There then follows a critique of attempts to ‘generate’ the dactylic hexameter from smaller, and historically later, lyric metrical phrases. This approach has become an orthodoxy, whose champions include West and G. Nagy.
Que diálogo haveria entre música, arte dramática e dança no teatro antigo grego da época clássica?
Authors: Delavaud-Roux Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2015

Quel dialogisme entre musique, art dramatique et danse dans le théâtre antique grec ? Un art est-il systématiquement mis au service des deux autres ou de leur relation, ou bien ces trois arts collaborent-ils en conservant leur spéci?cité et leur autonomie ? Nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions en utilisant deux exemples. Le premier sera constitué par les vers 321-344 d'Oreste d'Euripide, dont la musique a été retrouvée sur le papyrus dit de l'archiduc Rainier, datant du IIIe s. av. J.-C. (Wien, Osterreichisches National Bibliothek G 2315), et enregistré par l'orchestre Kérylos sous la direction d'Annie Bélis. Le second exemple est le début de la parodos du choeur des grenouilles (vers 209-220) dans la pièce d'Aristophane du même nom, dont la musique ne nous est pas conservée, mais dont les sonorités suggestives, censées représenter des grenouilles-cygnes, peuvent être aisément être exploitées par un acteur/danseur, sur les rythmes ternaires et binaires alternés du texte.
Novel inflammatory biomarkers in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Christensen M H E , Fenne I S , Nordbø Y , Varhaug J E , Nygård K O , Lien E A , Mellgren G 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been associated with low-grade inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to investigate systemic levels of pro-inflammatory proteins that previously have not been examined in patients with PHPT. The selection of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers included in this study, MMP9, S100A4, S100A8/A9 and the receptors sCD14 and RAGE, was based on a previous microarray screen of mRNAs in adipose tissue from PHPT patients.DesignA prospective study was conducted on a total of 57 patients with PHPT and a control group of 20 healthy blood donors.MethodsPHPT patients with normalisation of serum calcium levels after parathyroidectomy were followed for 6 months. Forty-two patients participated in the longitudinal study, in which blood samples were taken at inclusion, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.ResultsWe observed increased serum levels of MMP9 (P=0.029), S100A4 (P<0.001) and sCD14 (P=0.002) in the 57 patients with PHPT compared to the control-group. During 6 months of follow up, S100A4 (P=0.022) and sCD14 (0.002) decreased significantly, while serum levels of MMP9 increased (P=0.025).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate an increased inflammatory response in PHPT patients shown by elevated MMP9, S100A4 and sCD14 at inclusion. During the 6 months of follow-up, MMP9 increased further, possibly due to the tissue repair process after parathyroidectomy. S100A4 and sCD14 decreased after surgery demonstrating a partial reversal of the systemic inflammation.
MoO3 incorporation in alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: Tan Shengheng , Ojovan Michael I , Hyatt Neil C , Hand Russell J 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAlkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses (AeAS) with different MoO3 additions have been produced and assessed. MoO3 solubility increases with the equimolar substitution of smaller to larger alkaline earths and reaches 5.34 mol% in magnesium aluminosilicate glass (MAS). All visibly homogeneous glasses are X-ray amorphous, while the partially crystallised glasses exhibit some small X-ray diffraction peaks which are probably due to corresponding molybdates. The addition of MoO3 decreases glass transition and crystallisation temperatures and creates two broad Raman bands which are assigned to vibrations of MoO42‒ tetrahedra. The intensities of these bands increase along with MoO3 incorporation until the maximum solubility is reached. Electron microscopy shows that these separated particles are spherical, with sub-micron diameters and are randomly dispersed within glass. The separated phases are formed through liquid-liquid separation and thereafter crystallisation. Overall AeAS glasses look quite promising for molybdate immobilisation with MAS glasses being particularly attractive.
About U(t) form of pH-dependence of glass corrosion rates at zero surface to volume ratio
Authors: Ojovan Michael I. , Lee William E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe pH-dependence of glass corrosion rates has a well-known U-shaped form with minima for near-neutral solutions. This paper analyses the change of U-shaped form with time and reveals that the pH dependence evolves even for solutions that have pH not affected by glass corrosion mathematically corresponding to a zero surface to volume ratio. The U(t) dependence is due to changes of concentration profiles of elements in the near-surface layers of glasses in contact with water and is most evident within the initial stages of glass corrosion at relatively low temperatures. Numerical examples are given for the nuclear waste borosilicate glass K-26 which is experimentally characterised by an effective diffusion coefficient of caesium DCs = 4.5 10-12 cm2/day and by a rate of glass hydrolysis in non-saturated groundwater as high as rh = 100 nm/year The changes of U-shaped form need to be accounted when assessing the performance of glasses in contact with water solutions.
Glass Degradation in Performance Assessment Models1
Authors: Ebert William L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe interface with reactive transport models used in performance assessment calculations is described to identify aspects of the glass waste form degradation model important to long-term predictions. These are primarily the conditions that trigger the change from the residual rate to the Stage 3 rate and the values of those rates. Although the processes triggering the change and controlling the Stage 3 rate are not yet understood mechanistically, neither appears related to an intrinsic property of the glass. The sudden and usually significant increase in the glass dissolution rate suggests the processes that trigger the increase are different than the processes controlling glass dissolution prior to that change. Application of a simple expression that was derived for mineral transformation to represent the kinetics of coupled glass dissolution and secondary phase precipitation reactions is shown to be consistent with experimental observations of Stage 3 and useful for modeling long-term glass dissolution in a complex disposal environment.
Health Professionals’ Attitudes and Beliefs About Breastfeeding
Authors: Radzyminski Sharon , Callister Lynn Clark 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this descriptive study was to investigate how health-care providers perceived their role in breastfeeding and maternal support. Data was collected via interviews of 53 health-care professionals that provided care to breastfeeding women. The emerging themes included (a) understanding the benefits of breastfeeding: often lacking current knowledge, (b) lacking consistency: gaps between knowledge of benefits and actual clinical practice, (c) not knowing how to help: lack of assessment and therapeutic skills, and (d) understanding the barriers to breastfeeding: how health-care providers can make a difference. Data analysis suggests inconsistencies between the health-care provider’s perceived support and behaviors, lack of knowledge, and significant lack of skill in the assessment and management of breastfeeding couples.
Development and First Use of Controlled Mud Level System in US Deepwater GoM
Authors: Godhavn John-Morten , Gaassand Sturle , Hansen Kent Hjordt , Morris Russell , Nott Darcy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the development, qualification, and first use of ECD-Management (ECD-M); a new managed pressure drilling system developed to solve major challenges when drilling in deep waters. ECD-M combines EC-Drill from Enhanced Drilling (EDR), a Controlled Mud Level technology where a subsea pump module is installed mid riser, with the Delta Seal Riser Module (DSRM) from Managed Pressure Operations (MPO) having a Quick Closing Annular (QCA) installed just above the subsea pump. This enables extending the operating envelope of the technology to a point where loss of circulating capability could otherwise cause an underbalance in the well. The first ECD-M well was partially drilled with a reduced riser level, but without the Delta Seal Riser Module. The paper describes the rig modifications, interfaces between vendors, rig contractor and service companies, training, process with BSEE, qualification, success criteria and finally the results and experiences from first use.
Use of Managed Pressure Drilling Technology Helped in Achieving Well Objectives: A Case Study of an Offshore HTHP Well in India
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Agarwal Chakshu , Lobo Monali , Chakraborty Biswajit , Brickell Nigel , Pathak Mandar , Lang Clifford 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Managed Pressure Drilling technology was deployed to drill Cairn India's first HTHP offshore well in Ravva offshore field of India. MPD feasibility study was carried out initially and this well proved as a candidate well for MPD in hole sections where narrow margin between pore pressure and fracture pressure exists. The use of MPD was further substantiated to mitigate non-productive time associated with wellbore problems like wellbore ballooning, kicks, loss circulation and stuck pipe which were encountered in offset wells. Therefore, a constant bottom hole pressure technique was chosen with mud weight closer to pore pressure & ECD profile being kept according to selected anchor point for each hole section.
The fully automated MPD set-up comprising of a rotating head (with dual sealing function), MPD choke manifold and Coriolis flow meter (6” & 4”) guided by real time hydraulic modelling was used in the well. The mud program was designed close to pore pressure in conjunction with MPD, reduce ECD while drilling and maintaining rheology at high temperature.
The deployment of MPD enabled to increase the section length of the 12.1/4” hole section (769 m), which proved to be a key step in in order to accomplish the well objectives in deeper sections. This paper by medium of actual case study talks about use of MPD technology, operational/ equipment problems faced and lessons learnt. This paper also highlights recommendations for use of MPD technology for similar wells.
The Successful Application of MPD Technology in Drilling Horizontal Wells in a High Pressure Formation Heterogeneity to Mitigate Drilling Hazards: Case Study
Authors: Zambrano Nelson Pinero , Bargawi Riyadh , Mutawa Abdulaziz , Aramco Saudi , Hadj-Moussa Ayoub , Mazouz Cherif , Viera Paco , Zambrano Ramon 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The highly pressurized intervals coupled with high permeability makes the drilling of the 6-1/8” horizontal hole section particularly challenging in the water injector wells, as mud losses are frequently encountered with differential sticking events. The objective of the workover operations in the objective field is to sidetrack the power water injector from the existing well's motherbore, converting the well in to a dual lateral, which will maintain the reservoir pressure and enhance oil recovery from the oil bearing formation. This variance in formation pressure distribution makes drilling with high mud density systems a challenge, and increases the risk of encountering losses and differential sticking.
To overcome the challenges mentioned, the application of MPD technology with the Constant Bottom-Hole Pressure (CBHP) method during the drilling of the 6-1/8” hole section enables utilizing a mud system that is statically below the formation pressure, while keeping the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) slightly over the formation pressure and constant at static and dynamic conditions. This objective is achieved by applying surface back pressure using an Automated MPD control choke manifold. As the drilling continued in the lateral, dynamic formation pressure evaluation was performed to assess the changing formation pressure, and to adjust the drilling parameters.
This paper will summarize the results of the MPD campaign, compares conventional drilling methods, and highlights the lessons learned from the application of the MPD (CBHP variant), to enhance drilling efficiency, and to mitigate drilling hazards such as losses and differential sticking. The analysis will further enhance the drilling practices of the Power Water Injector wells.
Should Unexplained Painful Physical Symptoms be Considered within the Spectrum of Depressive Symptoms?
Authors: Hong Jihyung , Novick Diego , Montgomery William , Aguado Jaume , Dueñas Héctor , Peng Xiaomei , Haro Josep Maria 
Published: April 2015

Objective:To examine whether painful physical symptoms (PPS) can be considered within the spectrum of depressive symptoms.Methods:Data for this post-hoc analysis were taken from a 6-month observational study mostly conducted in East Asia, Mexico, and the Middle East of 1,549 depressed patients without sexual dysfunction at baseline. Both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were performed on the combined items of the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report and the Somatic Symptom Inventory (seven pain-related items only). An additional second-order CFA was also conducted to examine an association between retained factors and the overall “depressive symptoms” factor. In addition, Spearman’s correlation was used to assess levels of correlation between retained factors and depression severity as well as quality of life.Results:Both EFA and CFA suggested and validated a four-factor solution, which included a pain factor. The other three factors identified were a mood/cognitive factor, a sleep disturbance factor, and an appetite/weight disturbance factor. All four factors were significantly associated with the overall factor of depression. They were also highly correlated to depression severity and quality of life (p<0.001 for all). The levels of correlations with the pain factor were generally greater than those with the appetite/weight factor and similar to those with the sleep factor.Conclusion:It may be reasonable to consider PPS within a broad spectrum of depressive symptoms. At least, they should be routinely assessed in patients with depression. Further research is warranted to validate these preliminary findings.