bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Approach to the Energy‐Consistent Numer‐ical Integration of Nonholonomic Mechanical Systems and Flexible Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Betsch Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present work deals with the energy‐consistent numerical integration of mechanical systems with mixed holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The underlying differentialalgebraic equations (DAEs) with index three are directly discretized. This approach makes possible the development of a new energy‐consistent time‐stepping scheme for general nonholonomic systems. In particular, both nonholonomic problems from rigid body dynamics as well as flexible multibody dynamics can be treated in a unified manner. In this connection specific constrained formulations of rigid bodies and geometrically exact beams are presented. Moreover, the newly developed discrete null space method is applied to achieve a size‐reduction and an improved conditioning of the discrete system. The numerical examples deal with a nonholonomic rigid body system and a flexible multibody system. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reply to RIVLIN's Material symmetry revisited or Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Bertram A. , Svendsen B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn a recent paper, Rivlin (2002) ”revised” the concepts of material symmetry and strongly criticises the approach to symmetry and frame‐indifference by Truesdell and Noll (1964). A simple comparison of these approaches, however, leads us to the conclusion that ‐ apart from some minor and irrelevant differences ‐ the two approaches have more in common than Rivlin concedes. To show this, we will brießy describe these two approaches and then show how they are related to each other. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculus of variations, implicit partial differential equations and microstructure
Authors: Dacorogna Bernard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study existence of solutions for implicit partial differential equations of the form$\{ {\matrix{\displaystyle {F(x,u,Du)=0} \cr {{a}{.e}{.}\;{in}\;{\Omega }} \cr {u=\varphi } \cr {{on}\;\partial {\Omega }{.}} \cr} }.$ as well as minimization problems of the type$\displaystyle \inf \{ {{\textstyle\vint_{\Omega } {f(Du(x))dx:u=\varphi \;{on}\;\partial {\Omega }}} } \}\fleqno$We discuss several examples that are relevant for applications to geometry, non linear elasticity or optimal design. All these examples exhibit what can be called microstructures. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasistatic brittle fracture seen as an energy minimizing movement
Authors: Francfort G.A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the current state of the variational theory of quasistatic brittle fracture. It is shown that that theory, while departing only slightly from the classical theory of Griffith, alleviates many of the obstacles usually associated with quasistatic crack growth. The underlying mathematics are outlined, the various available results sketched, and the drawbacks discussed. Two numerical computations, well beyond the scope of the classical theory, are presented. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structured Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Fassbender Heike , Kressner Daniel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMost eigenvalue problems arising in practice are known to be structured. Structure is often introduced by discretization and linearization techniques but may also be a consequence of properties induced by the original problem. Preserving this structure can help preserve physically relevant symmetries in the eigenvalues of the matrix and may improve the accuracy and efficiency of an eigenvalue computation. The purpose of this brief survey is to highlight these facts for some common matrix structures. This includes a treatment of rather general concepts such as structured condition numbers and backward errors as well as an overview of algorithms and applications for several matrix classes including symmetric, skew‐symmetric, persymmetric, block cyclic, Hamiltonian, symplectic and orthogonal matrices. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphometric analysis of tropical storm and hurricane tracks in the North Atlantic basin using a sinuosity‐based approach
Authors: Terry James P. , Kim Ick‐Hoi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTQuantitative analysis is carried on the shape of over 420 tropical storm and hurricane tracks in the North Atlantic basin for the period 1965–2011. A sinuosity metric is used as the basis for track morphometry, applied to best‐track data accessed from the IBTrACs archive maintained by NOAA. GIS tools, track mapping according to sinuosity category, and various statistical analyses permit temporal and spatial patterns in track shape to be identified and investigated. Temporal analysis reveals no underlying long‐term trend in track sinuosity over the past 4.5 decades, implying an absence of climatic‐change forcing on storm migration behaviour at the basin scale. Instead, large inter‐annual variability dominates, although it is possible to observe episodes of notable cyclic swings in average sinuosity towards straighter or more sinuous tracks. Seasonality in track behaviour is pronounced, as similarly reported for other ocean basins. Predictable straight and quasi‐straight track types are more common (64–100%) during the early months (May to July) of the hurricane season, with this reversing at the peak and later phase of the season (September, November) to a predominance for quasi‐sinuous and sinuous tracks (58–70%). In spatial terms, track morphometric analysis according to 10° longitudinal zone of cyclogenesis is valuable, revealing that storm origin is reasonably indicative of likely track shape over the subsequent lifespan. Thus, while 62–68% of storms spawned west of 80°W in the Caribbean Sea – Gulf of Mexico region show a tendency to follow straighter tracks, 67–72% of storms formed east of 40°W in the central‐eastern North Atlantic subsequently describe more sinuous tracks. Overall, these patterns are seen to influence the geographic potential of storm landfall. This is important for societal vulnerability on coastlines at risk, since storms exhibiting higher track sinuosity generally prove to survive longer, migrate farther and therefore display greater potential for inflicting damage over wider areas.
Understanding gluten‐free dough for reaching breads with physical quality and nutritional balance
Authors: Matos María E , Rosell Cristina M 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the last decade the development of gluten‐free foodstuffs has attracted great attention as a result of better diagnoses of coeliac disease and a greater knowledge of the relationship between gluten‐free products and health. The increasing interest has prompted extensive research into the development of gluten‐free foodstuffs that resemble gluten‐containing foods. This review aims to provide some insights on dough functionality and process conditions regarding bread quality and to point out recent research dealing with the nutritional composition of those products. Gluten‐free dough results from the combination of different ingredients, additives, and the processing aids required for building up network structures responsible for bread quality. Some relationships between dough rheology and bread characteristics were established to identify possible predictor parameters. Regarding bread‐making processes, the impact of mixing, dough treatment and baking is stated. Nutritional quality is an important asset when developing gluten‐free breads, and different strategies for improving it are reviewed. Gluten‐free bread quality is dependent on ingredients and additives combination, but also processing can provide a way to improve bread quality. Nutritive value of the gluten‐free breads must be always in mind when setting up recipes, for obtaining nutritionally balanced bread with adequate glycaemic index. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the complexities of information practices through arts‐based research
Authors: Given Lisa M. , O'Brien Heather , Absar Rafa , Greyson Devon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWithin and beyond Library and Information Science (LIS), researchers are employing participatory, arts‐based research as one way of extending traditional research methods. The use of creative methods can enrich our understanding of complex information practices, particularly in multimedia information environments. This panel will provide an overview of arts‐involved practices of data collection, data analysis and knowledge exchange, including examples of specific applications within LIS research projects. We will discuss the ways creative arts may function socially and psychologically among researchers and research participants, as well as topics and populations with which arts‐involved methods may be especially enriching.
Questioning the visual: Research methods and the problem of perception
Authors:   SIG VIS ‐ Visualization, Images, and Sound, Beaudoin Joan E. , Ménard Elaine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis panel examines the state of visually oriented research methods used within the domain of library and information science through a series of recently completed and in‐progress studies. The nature of the research questions being asked within studies using visual research methods forms the core of this examination and this is further clarified through an assessment of how these methods have been put into practice within the research process.
Preserving and accessing the history of ASIST and information science
Authors: La Barre Kathryn , Buchanan Sarah A. , Hahn Trudi Bellardo , Williams Robert V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPanel members discuss ongoing efforts to preserve and access four different types of historical resources useful to anyone interested in doing research and publication on the history of ASIST and the field of information science and technology generally. Each presenter will conclude with a discussion of areas of weakness/neglect in these resources, and recommendations for improvement. These resources are: (1) the archives of ASIST; (2) the foundational and developmental histories of ASIST Special Interest Groups (SIGs) and Chapters; (3) the photographic/visual record of ASIST; (4) the oral history record of ASIST and information science leaders. This progression will facilitate the panelists' discussion of opportunities for engaging with ASIST resources at the national, regional, and individual levels. Each panel member has extensive experience in working with the resources discussed and was a member of the 75th Anniversary Task Force.
Examining the effects of task topic familiarity on searchers' behaviors in different task types
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Liu Chang , Belkin Nicholas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we examined the effects of information searchers' familiarity with task topics on their search behaviors, in different task types. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory experiment, participated by 32 undergraduate journalism students. Each participant searched on four tasks varying along four task facets: task product (being factual or a mix of intellectual/factual), level (the needed information being the whole document or a segment of the document), task goal (being specific, amorphous, or a mix of specific/amorphous), and complexity (being low or high). Results show that when all task types were considered together, people with different levels of topic familiarity showed differences in some search behaviors. In task types categorized by task goal and task complexity, very few behavioral variables showed differences between searchers with different levels of topic knowledge. However, in task types categorized by task product and task level, more behavioral variables showed differences between searchers with different levels of topic knowledge. Our results suggested that search behaviors may be used as implicit indicators of searchers' topic familiarity, and that task type is an important factor to consider while doing such kind of prediction.
Supporting exploratory search tasks with interactive user modeling
Authors: Ruotsalo Tuukka , Athukorala Kumaripaba , Głowacka Dorota , Konyushkova Ksenia , Oulasvirta Antti , Kaipiainen Samuli , Kaski Samuel , Jacucci Giulio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the design and study of interactive user modeling to support exploratory search tasks. Contrary to traditional interactions, such as query based search, query suggestions, or relevance feedback, interactive user modeling allows a user to perceive the state of the user model at all times and provide feedback that directly rewards or penalizes it. The technique allows the user to continuously tune the system's belief about the user's evolving information needs. We demonstrate that such functionality is useful in exploratory search where users need to get accustomed to a body of literature in a domain. We conducted two experiments where scientists carried out exploratory search tasks with our implementation of an interactive user modeling and retrieval system (SciNet) and two baselines: SciNet from which interactive user modeling was excluded and a real‐world baseline (Google Scholar). The results show that interactive user modeling can help users to more effectively find relevant, novel and diverse information without compromises in task execution time.
The role of data reuse in the apprenticeship process
Authors: Kriesberg Adam , Frank Rebecca D. , Faniel Ixchel M. , Yakel Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe availability of research data through digital repositories has made data reuse a possibility in a growing number of fields. This paper reports on the results of interviews with 27 zoologists, 43 quantitative social scientists and 22 archaeologists. It examines how data reuse contributes to the apprenticeship process and aids students in becoming full members of scholarly disciplines. Specifically, it investigates how data reuse contributes to the processes by which novice researchers join academic communities of practice. We demonstrate how projects involving data reuse provide a unique opportunity for advisors to mentor novices through the process of creating knowledge. In these situations, senior researchers model general reuse practices and impart skills for their students to use in the future when selecting, evaluating, and analyzing data they did not collect. For novices, data reuse constitutes a form of legitimate peripheral participation, a way for them to enter the community of practice by analyzing data that has been previously collected and reflecting on others' methodologies. Our study findings indicate that reuse occurs across each target community studied. They also suggest how repositories can help foster a reuse culture by providing access to data and building trust in research communities.
Shared discovery using a library tool on an interactive tabletop: Team composition, collaboration style and process
Authors: Tang Rong , Quigley Elizabeth , Guillette Jeremy , Erdmann Christopher 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSixty Harvard undergraduate students, paired up as 30 two‐person teams, participated in a usability study where they were interviewed and asked to perform eight tasks using the Library Explorer software on the Microsoft PixelSense tabletop. This paper focuses exclusively on the collaboration aspect of the study results. During the research session, participants' verbal responses, their interaction on the table, their collaboration behavior, and task process were recorded. Using a typology of collaboration profiles and collaboration processes, each dyad was coded by their collaboration style and assessed by their collaboration quality. Results show that the majority of the dyads adopted the “turn taker” collaboration style in completing their tasks, and the “driver‐passenger” style was also used frequently. Significant differences were found in team make‐up in terms of the formation of their collaboration style and their likelihood to recommend the tool to others. Knowing their partner prior also influenced the formation of participants' collaboration style. There is a significant correlation between overall collaboration style and the quality of collaboration. The use of collaboration styles such as “turn taker,” “driver passenger” and “independent,” correlate significantly with various quality measures of collaboration. While the “turn taker” style is associated positively with percent of tasks completed successfully, the “driver‐passenger” is inversely correlated with the success rate. There are some preliminary evidences from the results to support Klimoski and Mohammed's (1994) framework which suggests that team capacity leads to team process and then contributes to the team performance. Further analysis on participants' screen touch rate and problem solving strategies may help to examine the deep layer of participants' shared mental model construction and thus reveal the effect of the shared mental model on collaboration quality and task performance.
Linguistic characteristics of eating disorder questions on Yahoo! Answers – content, style, and emotion
Authors: Oh Jung Sun , He Daqing , Jeng Wei , Mattern Eleanor , Bowler Leanne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSocial Q&A provides the possibility of looking into how people verbally express their information needs in natural language. In this study, we analyzed linguistic properties of different types of questions on the topic of eating disorders in Yahoo! Answers. Using term frequency analysis, Part‐of‐Speech (POS) analysis, and sentiment analysis, we examined linguistic content, linguistic style, and emotional expressions in two broad categories of eating disorder questions from Yahoo! Answers – socio‐emotional questions and informational questions.Overall, the results of this study show that the language used in these two categories of questions are substantially different, suggesting the different nature of the needs that underlie these questions. Socio‐emotional questions take similar characteristics to personal narratives, focusing on past experiences and emotions. The heavy use of negative emotion words in this question type, along with other distinct linguistic characteristics, suggests that a key motivation of users asking this type of question is to work through their emotions related to the given health issue (eating disorders). On the other hand, informational questions show traits of relatively complex, precise, and objective writing, and reflect much varied interests with regard to the topic of eating disorders.All in all, this study demonstrates that the combination of simple text analytic techniques reveals much about the linguistic characteristics associated with different kinds of questions, and thereby shed lights on the nature of the needs underneath the questions.
Deconstructing the collaborative impact: Article and author characteristics that influence citation count
Authors: Hurley Lori A. , Ogier Andrea L. , Torvik Vetle I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt is well known that collaborative papers tend to receive more citations than solo‐authored papers. Here we try to identify the subtle factors of this collaborative effect by analyzing metadata and citation counts for co‐authored papers in the biomedical domain, after accounting for attributes known to be strong predictors of citation count. Article‐level metadata were gathered from 98,000 PubMed article records categorized with the term breast neoplasm, a topic offering longevity and relevance across biomedical subdisciplines, and yielding a relatively large sample size. Open access citation data was obtained from PubMed Central (PMC). Author‐level attributes were encoded from disambiguated author name data in PubMed and appended as article‐level attributes of collaborations. A logistic regression model was built to assess the relative weights of these factors as influences on citation counts. As expected, the journal and language of the paper were the strongest predictors. The significance of the number of authors diminished after accounting for other attributes. Some of the more subtle predictors included the group's highest h‐index, which was positively correlated, while the diversity of author h‐indices, minimum professional age, and author's total unique collaborators were negatively correlated. These observations indicate that smaller collaborations composed of early superstars – young, rapidly successful researchers with relatively high and similar h‐indices – may be at least as influential in biomedical research as larger collaborations with different demographics. While minimum h‐index was important, the first author's h‐index was insignificant, underscoring the importance of the middle authors' publishing history. The gender diversity outcomes suggest that mixed groups may be ideal, and further research in this area is indicated.
Challenges of information system use by knowledge workers: The email productivity paradox
Authors: Alberts Inge 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWith the growing importance of social media, cloud computing and mobile device interactions, the digital work environment is being perpetually transformed while forcing users to adapt to the emerging technologies. In this volatile environment, research leading to innovative approaches to better support the information practices of knowledge workers is acquiring a critical importance. Aiming to improve the technological and organizational policy‐making decisions for the implementation of new information systems, this paper examines the current challenges of 34 knowldege workers using information systems to perform their daily tasks. A qualitative research approch entailing the use of semi‐directed interviews and diary journals is followed to this end. The outcomes of this research are both theoretical and practical. This research provides a critical insight into the key challenges facing knowledge workers in the digital work environment. From a purely practical perspective, this study helps uncover the needs and expectations of knowledge workers as they use email and other technologies to achieve their work tasks. In light of this study, the technological and organizational policy‐making decisions for the implementation of new information systems must ensure that email as a tool drives true productivity and avoids the productivity paradox.
Institutional and individual influences on scientists' data sharing behaviors: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Kim Youngseek , Stanton Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe objective of this research is to investigate the institutional and individual factors which influence scientists' data sharing behaviors across different scientific disciplines. Two theoretical perspectives, institutional theory and theory of planned behavior, are employed in developing a research model, which shows the complementary nature of the institutional and individual factors influencing scientists' data sharing behaviors. This research uses a survey method to examine to what extent those institutional and individual factors influence scientists' data sharing behaviors in diverse scientific disciplines. The national survey (with 1,317 scientists in 43 disciplines) shows that regulative pressure by journals; normative pressure at a discipline level; and perceived career benefit and scholarly altruism at an individual level have significant positive relationships with data sharing behaviors; and that perceived effort has a significant negative relationship. Regulative pressure by funding agencies and the availability of data repositories at a discipline level and perceived career risk at an individual level were not found to have any significant relationships with data sharing behaviors.