bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Evidence that Dendroctonus frontalis Consists of Two Sibling Species in Belize and Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Sullivan Brian T , Niño Alicia , Moreno Benjamín , Brownie Cavell , Macías-Sámano Jorge , Clarke Stephen R , Kirkendall Lawrence R , Zúñiga Gerardo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a major economic pest of pines in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. We report biochemical investigations relevant to the taxonomic status and semiochemistry of two distinct morphotypes of D.frontalis recently detected in the Central American region. Morphotype A beetles (pre-episternal area of prothorax of both sexes smooth, bulging callus on anterolateral margin of prothorax of females) and morphotype B beetles (pre-episternal area of prothorax of both sexes with fine ridges, reduced female callus) collected in infestations in Chiapas, Mexico differed significantly in their production of 10 behaviorally-active compounds occurring in the genus Dendroctonus, including the major pheromone components for D. frontalis. Notably, host-attacking morphotype B females produced hundreds of nanograms of both endo-brevicomin and frontalin, whereas morphotype A females produced similar amounts of frontalin but subnanogram quantities of endo-brevicomin. Reanalysis of a published D. frontalis trapping study in Chiapas indicated that both morphotypes responded in greatest numbers when frontalin and endo-brevicomin baits were both present. In addition, we quantified 18 different cuticular hydrocarbons (the methyl-branched alkane components) from both morphotypes collected in Belize and Chiapas as well as morphotype A beetles from the southeastern United States, and principal component analysis revealed nonoverlapping clusters associated with either morphotype. This evidence of two distinct, complex phenotypes coexisting in the same sites and host trees supports the hypothesis that the D. frontalis morphotypes represent separate species and consequently indicates that the taxonomy of D. frontalis should be re-evaluated in the Central American region.
Everyone's a Loser: Parasitism of Late Instar Whiteflies byEncarsia inaronhas Negative Consequences for Both Parasitoid and Host
Authors: Brady Cristina M , White Jennifer A 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite strong evolutionary pressure for an ovipositing parasitoid to use only hosts with high suitability, there are examples of parasitoid attacks that fail. Here we document one such instance, in which a parasitoid does not discriminate against an inappropriate host life stage, resulting in negative consequences for both the parasitoid and host. The solitary koinobiont parasitoid Encarsia inaron (Walker) was originally imported to North America to control the ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday), but readily parasitizes and completes development in other whitefly hosts, including Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes abutiloneus (Haldeman). For both B. tabaci and T. abutiloneus, when younger host instars were parasitized, parasitism was successful and adult wasps emerged. In fourth instar hosts, however, adult parasitoids rarely emerged; rather, adult whiteflies were produced. Dissections over time showed that the wasp larvae continued to develop within these adult whiteflies, but did not successfully complete development. Furthermore, the adult whiteflies suffered reduced fecundity compared with nonparasitized adults and ultimately died as a result of parasitism. Our results suggest that E. inaron may be incapable of arresting the development of hosts parasitized as fourth instars, instead engaging in a developmental race that results either in a win for the parasitoid, or a loss for both the parasitoid and the host.
The Use of Trap-Nests to Manage Carpenter Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini), Pollinators of Passion Fruit (Passifloraceae:Passiflora edulisf.flavicarpa)
Authors: Junqueira C N , Hogendoorn K , Augusto S C 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCarpenter bees are the main pollinators of passion fruit, a crop classified as vulnerable to pollinator decline because it is strictly self-incompatible. We investigated cost-effective management strategies to increase the presence of female carpenter bees in passion fruit orchards by using trap-nests in bee shelters. Transfers of nests containing females of X. frontalis and X. grisescens between different sites were significantly more successful when the nests contained brood cells. Supplying a bee shelter with a combination of suitably sized empty bamboo stalks and active nests of carpenter bees can increase the population of actively nesting bees by &gt;200% during the course of 23 mo, as a consequence of the emergence of brood from the introduced nests and the attraction of bees from the surroundings. In conclusion, our methods lead to improved success of introducing, increasing and maintaining carpenter bees populations for the pollination of passion fruit crops.
Locally Delivered 1% Metformin Gel in the Treatment of Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rao Nishanth S. , Pradeep A.R. , Kumari Minal , Naik Savitha B. 
Published: November 2012

Background: Metformin (MF) (1,1‐dimethylbiguanide HCl) is one of the most commonly used oral antihyperglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, MF has been shown to have bone‐sparing properties. The present study is designed to investigate the effectiveness of MF 1% in an indigenously prepared, biodegradable, controlled‐release gel, as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in treatment of vertical defects in smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Fifty patients were categorized into two treatment groups: SRP plus 1% MF and SRP plus placebo. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 3 and 6 months; they included plaque index (PI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). At baseline and after 6 months, intrabony defect (IBD) fill was radiologically assessed using computer software.Results: Mean PD reduction and mean CAL gain were found to be greater in the MF group than the placebo group at all visits. Furthermore, a significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the MF group (26.17% ± 6.66%) than the placebo sites (3.75% ± 8.06%) (P <0.001).Conclusion: There was greater decrease in mSBI and PD and more CAL gain with significant IBD fill at vertical defect sites treated with SRP plus locally delivered MF, versus SRP plus placebo, in smokers with generalized CP.
Melodrama, Modernity and the Brazilian Television Mini-Series
Authors: Brennan Niall 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT: Melodrama is fundamental to Latin American culture. It has been used to chart Latin American history, and it has followed technological change in popular dramatic forms, from the folhetim to the telenovela. In this article, I discuss how the Brazilian television mini-series reflects the intersections of melodrama and modernity. The mini-series traces Brazil’s story, from colony to democracy, and it brings film and literature to Brazil’s predominant medium. Yet the mini-series’ literary-filmic devices stir critical debate about whether Brazil is emulating foreign models, or whether it is creating its own dramatic innovations. At the intersection of melodrama and modernity in the mini-series, I therefore identify continuity and change in the way Brazil has conceived of its national identity. Through the perspectives of creators and critics of the mini-series, however, I also reveal contradictions in the way melodrama has facilitated and frustrated representing what modernity means for Brazil.
Melodramatic Slaves
Authors: Van Kooy Dana , Cox Jeffrey N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT:The article focuses on the concomitant rise of melodrama and the abolitionist movement in the late eighteenth century and how these cultural discourses evolved in conjunction with one another into the mid-nineteenth century. While melodrama as a popular mode of theatre is often seen as populist, we argue that the form of melodrama works to contain any objections to slavery that might threaten domestic and national orders. Tracking the sites and sights of slavery from Colman’s early Inkle and Yarico through his Africans and Morton’s The Slave to Boucicault’s Octoroon, we first show how much of the institution of slavery was, in fact, staged and then explore how these plays subordinate potentially disturbing images of the trade to a domestic plot that restores traditional family values and underwrites the order of empire.
Palynological composition of a Lower Cretaceous South American tropical sequence: Climatic implications and diversity comparisons with other latitudes
Authors: Mejia‐Velasquez Paula J. , Dilcher David L. , Jaramillo Carlos A. , Fortini Lucas B. , Manchester Steven R. 
Published: November 2012

•Premise of the study:Reconstruction of floristic patterns during the early diversification of angiosperms is impeded by the scarce fossil record, especially in tropical latitudes. Here we collected quantitative palynological data from a stratigraphic sequence in tropical South America to provide floristic and climatic insights into such tropical environments during the Early Cretaceous.•Methods:We reconstructed the floristic composition of an Aptian‐Albian tropical sequence from central Colombia using quantitative palynology (rarefied species richness and abundance) and used it to infer its predominant climatic conditions. Additionally, we compared our results with available quantitative data from three other sequences encompassing 70 floristic assemblages to determine latitudinal diversity patterns.•Key results:Abundance of humidity indicators was higher than that of aridity indicators (61% vs. 10%). Additionally, we found an angiosperm latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) for the Aptian, but not for the Albian, and an inverted LDG of the overall diversity for the Albian. Angiosperm species turnover during the Albian, however, was higher in humid tropics.•Conclusions:There were humid climates in northwestern South America during the Aptian‐Albian interval contrary to the widespread aridity expected for the tropical belt. The Albian inverted overall LDG is produced by a faster increase in per‐sample angiosperm and pteridophyte diversity in temperate latitudes. However, humid tropical sequences had higher rates of floristic turnover suggesting a higher degree of morphological variation than in temperate regions.
Valeurs et engagement dans les études supérieures au Québec
Authors: Hamel Jacques , Méthot Christian , Doré Gabriel 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Dans le cadre de cet article, on envisagera les valeurs des étudiants dans leur « rapport aux études ». Après avoir défini la notion sous ce chef, on cherchera donc à cerner les valeurs à l’œuvre à l’égard de l’engagement dans les études supérieures, et cela dans les rangs des étudiants inscrits aux programmes collégiaux et universitaires en médecine, en travail social et en sociologie. L’exposé s’appuiera principalement sur les résultats d’un sondage en ligne conduit sur le sujet pendant l’été 2007 et dont l’analyse établit la distinction entre valeurs « instrumentales » et valeurs « expressives ».
Le travail avec les familles au csapa Monceau : pertes ambiguës, liens ambigus et addiction
Authors: Duriez Nathalie 
Published: November 2012

Résumé La question de la perte est au cœur du travail que nous faisons avec les familles à transaction addictive au centre Monceau. Après avoir présenté le modèle de la perte ambiguë de P. Boss (1999), nous verrons à partir d’un cas comment le vécu de perte, par sa dimension fractale, participe à la construction d’une définition de la famille et représente une condition pour appartenir à cette famille. Fragilisée par les pertes ambiguës occasionnées par une migration non désirée, la famille ne peut avancer dans un processus de deuil après le décès d’un « tiers pesant » (Goldbeter, 1999). Pour retrouver son homéostasie, elle va mettre le thérapeute dans cette position de « tiers pesant » afin de récupérer ce qui manquait. L’élaboration devient alors possible, une nouvelle temporalité mieux adaptée à l’âge des enfants s’installe, chacun trouve enfin une place mieux définie et le processus de deuil peut avancer.
Electrochemically Deposited Gentamicin-Loaded Calcium phosphate Coatings for Bone Tissue Integration
Authors: Altomare Lina , Visai Livia , Bloise Nora , Arciola Carla Renata , Ulivi Lorenzo , Candiani Gabriele , Cigada Alberto , Chiesa Roberto , De Nardo Luigi 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Despite improvements in operative environment and surgical techniques, post-operative infections remain one of the most devastating complications in total joint replacement prostheses. Several efforts have been made to modify the surface of materials in order to prevent bacterial adhesion and colonization. Here, we show a one-pot electrochemical surface modification process for co-deposition of calcium phosphate and gentamicin, with the aim of triggering specific biological responses and imparting antibacterial properties on titanium alloy prostheses. Methods Gentamicin-loaded calcium phosphate coatings were deposited on Ti specimens via cathodic polarization in an electrochemical bath containing different amounts of the antibiotic salt (1–10 mg mL–1). Coatings were evaluated in terms of chemico-physical properties, via SEM/EDX, XRD, and ICP analysis, and antibacterial activity, via agar disc diffusion test on Staphylococcus aureus 8325–4 and Staphylococcus aureus SA113. Results An effective incorporation of gentamicin was achieved without any major effect on the morphology and structure. Morphology resulted in a typical plate-like brushite structure, confirmed by chemical composition and crystallographic structure. Gentamicin-loaded coatings showed an antibacterial efficacy on both staphlococcal strains, with a dose-dependent activity. Conclusions Electrochemical technology can be advantageously exploited in order to obtain coatings for bone-contact prostheses with tailored antibacterial properties.
An Opto-Structural Method to Estimate the Stress-Strain Field Induced by Cell Contraction on Substrates of Controlled Stiffness in Vitro
Authors: Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Balconi Giovanna , Boschetti Federica , Di Metri Antonio , Mohammed Salman Afroze Azmi , Quaglini Virginio , Araneo Lucio , Galvéz Beatriz G. , Lupi Monica , Latini Roberto , Remuzzi Andrea 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Mechanical properties of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) such as stiffness mediate cell signaling, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Within this context, we developed a method to estimate in vitro the stress-strain field induced by contraction of cardiovascular progenitor cells on substrates of controlled stiffness. Methods Two alginate-agarose hydrogels were polymerized and mechanically characterized under compression. The hydrogels showed different levels of stiffness, mimicking either normal or pathologic ECM of the cardiac tissue, with an average compressive equilibrium modulus of 3 and 25 kPa, respectively. To estimate substrate deformation induced by the adhering cells, fluorescent microspheres were included under the surface layer of the hydrogels as displacement trackers. The hydrogels were polymerized in multiwell plates and seeded with cells that were allowed to adhere for 24 hours. On the softer substrate, images of the substrate surface and the cells were acquired using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Image processing enabled tracking the microsphere movements and mapping local substrate deformation because of tensile stresses produced by the cells. The resulting tensile stresses could then be calculated from measured stiffness. Results and Conclusions The substrate strains ranged between a maximum contraction of –26.5% to a maximum stretching of 19.8%. The calculated stresses ranged between a maximum compression of –0.53 kPa to a maximum tension of 0.4 kPa (nN/μm2). These results may help to interpret experimental findings, showing important differences in cell morphology and expression of phenotypic markers, induced by culturing cells on substrates with different mechanical properties.
Le sérialisme lyrique de la « Devinette de la guitare » (1954) de Serge Garant
Authors: Bazin Paul 
Published: November 2012

La mélodie « Devinette de la guitare », tirée du cycle Caprices que composa Serge Garant en 1954, est un exemple éloquent de la fascination qu’exerçait sur le compositeur la rigueur de la construction musicale. Premiers opus entièrement sériels de son catalogue, les mélodies du cycle Caprices témoignent à la fois de la manipulation virtuose que fait Garant de son matériau sonore, ainsi que du lyrisme abstrait qui caractérise sa démarche.
Hierarchical FAU‐ and LTA‐Type Zeolites by Post‐Synthetic Design: A New Generation of Highly Efficient Base Catalysts
Authors: Verboekend Danny , Keller Tobias C. , Mitchell Sharon , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHierarchical FAU‐ and LTA‐type catalysts are prepared by post‐synthetic modifications and evaluated in the base‐catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. A novel route to attain mesoporous Al‐rich zeolites (A and X) is demonstrated, while mesoporous Y and USY zeolites are prepared using recently developed methods. Base functionality is introduced by alkali ion exchange (Cs, Na) or by high‐temperature nitridation in ammonia. A thorough characterization of the zeolites' structure, composition, porosity, morphology, and basicity demonstrates that the presence of a secondary mesopore network enhances the ion‐exchange efficiency and the structural incorporation of nitrogen. The modified USY zeolites display twice the conversion, while the hierarchical A, X, and Y are up to 10 times more active based on the enhanced accessibility. These results demonstrate that the Knoevenagel condensation takes place predominately at the external surface, highlighting secondary porosity as a key criterion in the design of basic zeolite catalysts.
First birth interval, an indicator of energetic status, is a predictor of lifetime reproductive strategy
Authors: Nenko Ilona , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives:Women should differ in their reproductive strategies according to their nutritional status. We tested a hypothesis that women who have a good nutritional status early in life, as indicated by a shorter waiting time to the first birth (first birth interval, FBI), are able to afford higher costs of reproduction than women who have worse nutritional condition.Methods:We collected data on 377 women who got married between the years 1782 and 1882 in a natural fertility population in rural Poland. The study group was divided into tertiles based on the length of FBI.Results:Women with the shortest FBI had a higher number of children (P = 0.005), higher number of sons (P = 0.01), and shorter mean interbirth intervals (P = 0.06). Women who had ever given birth to twins had shorter FBI than women of singletons (20.1 and 26.1 months, respectively; P = 0.049). Furthermore, women with a shorter FBI, despite having higher costs of reproduction, did not have a different lifespan than women with a longer FBI.Conclusions:Our results suggest that women who were in better energetic condition (shorter length of FBI), achieved higher reproductive success without reduction in lifespan. FBI reflects interindividual variation, which may result from variation in nutritional status early in life and thus may be a good predictor of subsequent reproductive strategy. We propose to use FBI as an indicator of women's nutritional status in studies of historical populations, especially when information about social status is not available. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors that Influence Stereoselectivity in Proline‐Catalyzed Mannich Reactions
Authors: Parasuk Waraporn , Parasuk Vudhichai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe stereoselectivity of the Mannich reaction of cyclohexanone, formaldehyde, and aniline catalyzed by (S)‐thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid and (S)‐5,5‐dimethylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (referred to hereafter as “thioproline” and “5,5‐dimethylthioproline” for short) were investigated theoretically by using B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) calculations. The stereocontrol in the thioproline‐catalyzed reaction originates from the reaction between the enamine and the imine to produce S‐ or R‐configured iminium‐ion intermediates. Apart from anti/syn conformations, the pucker of the five‐membered ring is also a critical factor for the stereoselectivity. For thioproline, the reaction barriers of the S pathway with d and u ring puckers are 3.3 and 4.7 kcal mol−1 lower than the corresponding R pathway. With a de ring pucker, smaller S/R barrier differences were calculated. For dimethylthioproline, the S/R barrier difference is larger with d and u ring puckers. Dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent reduces the free energy barriers of the R pathway for the thioproline‐ and dimethylthioproline‐catalyzed reactions. The ring pucker and the solvent dictate the stereoselectivity of thioproline‐catalyzed Mannich reactions.
Is nasal packing necessary after septoplasty? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Banglawala Sarfaraz M. , Gill Mandeep , Sommer Doron D. , Psaltis Alkis , Schlosser Rodney , Gupta Michael 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundNasal packing is routinely used after septoplasty because it is believed to decrease risk of postoperative bleeding, hematomas, and adhesions. Multiple studies have shown, however, that there are numerous complications associated with nasal packing. The purpose of this work was to perform a meta‐analysis on the existing literature to evaluate the role of nasal packing after septoplasty.MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted a literature search using EMBASE, OVID, Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, Cochrane Library, and reference list review from 1966 to August 2010 to identify studies assessing nasal packing after septoplasty. All papers were reviewed for study design, results, and were assigned an Oxford level of evidence grade, Detsky score, and Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) score.ResultsSixteen papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Eleven papers were randomized control trials, 3 were prospective, and 2 were retrospective studies. Nasal packing did not show benefit in reducing postoperative bleeding, hematomas, septal perforations, adhesions, or residual deviated nasal septum. There was, however, an increase in postoperative infections. Two studies using fibrin products as nasal packing showed a decreased bleeding rate.ConclusionNasal packing after septoplasty does not show any postoperative benefits. Fibrin products show a possibility of decreasing postoperative bleeding. Routine use of nasal packing after septoplasty is not warranted. This is the first meta‐analysis conducted on this topic.