bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of the Dendritic Cell Response Triggered by Different Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis Is Toll‐Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) or TLR4 Dependent
Authors: Díaz‐Zúñiga Jaime , Monasterio Gustavo , Alvarez Carla , Melgar‐Rodríguez Samanta , Benítez Alvaro , Ciuchi Pía , García Matías , Arias Jocelyn , Sanz Mariano , Vernal Rolando 
Published: September 2014

Background: Different serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis have been shown to induce differential dendritic cell (DC) responses. This study investigates whether cytokine and CC‐chemokine receptor (CCR) production by DCs stimulated with different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis is Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and/or TLR4 dependent.Methods: DCs were obtained from healthy individuals and primed at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 102 with different A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serotypes in the presence or absence of anti‐TLR2 or anti‐TLR4 blocking antibodies. TLR2 and TLR4 expression, CCR5 and CCR6 expression, and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐23 expression and secretion were quantified by flow cytometry, real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: When DCs were stimulated with serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans or serotype K1 of P. gingivalis, higher levels of TLR2 or TLR4, respectively, were detected compared to DCs stimulated with the other serotypes. Similarly, higher levels of cytokines and CCRs were detected in serotype b– or serotype K1–primed DCs compared to the others, and these increased levels positively correlated with levels of TLR2 or TLR4. When TLR2 signaling was blocked using a specific anti‐TLR2 monoclonal antibody, serotype b–induced cytokine and CCR expression was inhibited; when TLR4 signaling was blocked, serotype K1–induced response was inhibited.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the variability of secretion of cytokines and expression of CCRs detected in DCs stimulated with different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis is TLR2 or TLR4 dependent, respectively.
Effect of Planting Term on Growth and Flowering of Two Cultivars of Lachenalia Produced in A Greenhouse as Potting Plants During Winter Months
Authors: Kapczyńska Anna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was carried out on lachenalia plants to determine the effect of different bulb planting terms (from October to January) on the growth and flowering of cultivars ‘Ronina’ and ‘Rupert’, in the natural light conditions. From every planted bulb emerged stems and flowers, but the time of flow–ering was dependent on the planting term and genotype. Irrespective of the planting term, plants of ‘Rupert’ were taller than those of ‘Ronina’. The planting term had an influence on the length of the inflorescence in ‘Rupert’, but did not affect in ‘Ronina’. The bulbs of ‘Rupert’ produced more than twice as many florets as ‘Ronina’ bulbs. Irrespective of the genotype, the bulbs planted the earliest produced the thinnest stems. The two tested cultivars were long-lasting flowering pot plants - their inflorescences remained decorative for over 20 days.
Evaluation of Yield and Healthiness of Twenty Table Grapevine Cultivars Grown in Central Poland
Authors: Lisek Jerzy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
During the years 2008-2013, 20 table grape cultivars grown in Skierniewice (Central Poland) were assessed. Among the assessed cultivars, two - ‘Chasselas Blanc’ (standard) and ‘Favorit’ belonged to V. vinifera. Eighteen interspecific hybrids - ‘Aron’, ‘Esther’ (‘Eszter’), ‘Fanny’, ‘Flora’, ‘Galanth’, ‘Ganita’, ‘Garant’, ‘Katharina’, ‘Lidi’, ‘Lilla’, ‘Muscat Bleu’, ‘Nelly’, ‘Osella’, ‘Philipp’, ‘Rosetta’, ‘Rosina’, ‘Timur’ and ‘Verdelet’ were bred in various European countries. Vines, grafted on ‘Kober 5 BB’ rootstock, were planted in 2007 and annually covered for winter. Taking into account productivity, quality of fruits, susceptibility to frost damage and fungal diseases, the Swiss ‘Muscat Bleu’ and German ‘Garant’ proved most suitable for cultivation in the conditions of Central Poland. Plants of all cultivars belonging to the group of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to infections caused by fungal pathogens than plants of V. vinifera genotypes. The assessment of frost resistance based on the observation of those parts of bushes, which were not covered, showed high diversification among the interspecific hybrids.
Relationship Between Texture Sensory Profiles and Optical Properties Measured by Time-Resolved Reflectance Spectroscopy During Post-Storage Shelf Life of ‘Braeburn’ Apples
Authors: Rizzolo Anna , Vanoli Maristella , Bianchi Giulia , Zanella Angelo , Grassi Maurizio , Torricelli Alessandro , Spinelli Lorenzo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
‘Braeburn’ apples from three harvests after 6-month storage in controlled atmosphere were measured at 670 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), ranked on decreasing μ
a670 (increasing maturity), classified as less (LeM), medium and more mature (MoM), randomised into three batches per harvest and analysed after 1, 8 and 14 days of shelf life. LeM and MoM apples were measured in the 630-900 nm range by TRS, and analysed for sensory profile (firm, crispy, juicy, mealy) and pulp mechanical characteristics (firmness, stiffness, energy-to-rupture). All data were processed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to sensory intensity scores, fruits were either divided into five classes (very low – VL; low – L; medium – M; high – H; very high – VH) separately for every attribute, or clustered into four groups, each one representing a specific sensory profile. The absorption spectra showed a maximum at 670 nm (chlorophyll-a) and μ
a670 was higher in the VH class for firm, crispy and juicy and in the VL and L classes for mealy. The scattering spectra had a decreasing trend with the wavelength increase, and μ
s’ values were lower in the VH class for firm and crispy, and higher in the VH class for mealy and in the VL ones for juicy. PCA underlined that μ
s’ values were negatively related to firmness and μ
a670, and that μ
a690, μ
a730, μ
a830, μ
a850 and μ
a900 were opposed to mealiness. PC scores differed among the four sensory profiles and increased from VL to VH classes for firmness, crispiness and juiciness and from VH to VL classes for mealiness.
Una bella alma por entre los días: Marin Sorescu, en catalán
Authors: Pauli Xavier Montoliu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The present paper is the first study about Marin Sorescu’s volume of poetry translated into Catalan language and entitled Per entre els dies. Antologia poètica. The translators of the volume are Corina Oproae and the very author of this article, while the poet Frances Parcerisas signs the foreword of the book, published in bilingual edition in 2013 by the Majorcan Publishing House Lleonard Muntaner Editor.
Les flux de traduction entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée
Authors: Touchi-Benmansour Lynda 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The past few years have seen the emergence of a Euro-Mediterranean policy for intercultural exchange, amongst others, the translation of written literature. Flow analysis of Arabic-French translations between the two sides reinforces the idea, already known, of unequal exchange. For reasons of specialization, in this study we will limit ourselves to the translation of works from the humanities and social sciences, referring, however, to literary translations published in the past two decades, for comparison
Does Clinical Presentation Predict Response to a Nonsurgical Chronic Disease Management Program for Endstage Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Eyles Jillian P. , Lucas Barbara R. , Patterson Jillian A. , Williams Matthew J. , Weeks Kate , Fransen Marlene , Hunter David J. 
Published: September 2014

Objective.To identify baseline characteristics of participants who will respond favorably following 6 months of participation in a chronic disease management program for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.This prospective cohort study assessed 559 participants at baseline and following 6 months of participation in the Osteoarthritis Chronic Care Program. Response was defined as the minimal clinically important difference of an 18% and 9-point absolute improvement in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index global score. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of response.Results.Complete data were available for 308 participants. Those who withdrew within the study period were imputed as nonresponders. Three variables were independently associated with response: signal joint (knee vs hip), sex, and high level of comorbidity. Index joint and sex were significant in the multivariate model, but the model was not a sensitive predictor of response.Conclusion.Strong predictors of response to a chronic disease management program for hip and knee OA were not identified. The significant predictors that were found should be considered in future studies.
Discordes en mer de Chine méridionale : les eaux troubles du Sud-Est asiatique
Authors: Storey Ian 
Published: September 2014

La position stratégique et l’intérêt économique des centaines d’îlots de mer de Chine méridionale suscitent des revendications de souveraineté de la plupart des États riverains. La Chine en particulier dénie les droits des autres pays, adoptant une position qui s’embarrasse peu des dispositions juridiques internationales. Elle refuse d’autre part les procédures multilatérales qui pourraient aider à dénouer le conflit avec le Japon ou le Vietnam, et au-delà peut-être avec Washington. politique étrangère
HLA-DR4–Associated T and B Cell Responses to Specific Determinants on the IA-2 Autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: McLaughlin Kerry A. , Gulati Kavita , Richardson Carolyn C. , Morgan Diana , Bodansky H. Jonathan , Feltbower Richard G. , Christie Michael R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Autoantibodies to IA-2 in type 1 diabetes are associated with HLA-DR4, suggesting influences of HLA-DR4–restricted T cells on IA-2–specific B cell responses. The aim of this study was to investigate possible T–B cell collaboration by determining whether autoantibodies to IA-2 epitopes are associated with T cell responses to IA-2 peptides presented by DR4. T cells secreting the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10 in response to seven peptides known to elicit T cell responses in type 1 diabetes were quantified by cytokine ELISPOT in HLA-typed patients characterized for Abs to IA-2 epitopes. T cell responses were detected to all peptides tested, but only IL-10 responses to 841–860 and 853–872 peptides were associated with DR4. Phenotyping by RT-PCR of FACS-sorted CD45ROhi T cells secreting IL-10 in response to these two peptides indicated that these expressed GATA-3 or T-bet, but not FOXP3, consistent with these being Th2 or Th1 memory T cells rather than of regulatory phenotype. T cell responses to the same two peptides were also associated with specific Abs: those to 841–860 peptide with Abs to juxtamembrane epitopes, which appear early in prediabetes, and those to peptide 853–872 with Abs to an epitope located in the 831–862 central region of the IA-2 tyrosine phosphatase domain. Abs to juxtamembrane and central region constructs were both DR4 associated. This study identifies a region of focus for B and T cell responses to IA-2 in HLA-DR4 diabetic patients that may explain HLA associations of IA-2 autoantibodies, and this region may provide a target for future immune intervention to prevent disease.
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Deficiency in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cho Young-Nan , Kee Seung-Jung , Kim Tae-Jong , Jin Hye Mi , Kim Moon-Ju , Jung Hyun-Ju , Park Ki-Jeong , Lee Sung-Ji , Lee Shin-Seok , Kwon Yong-Soo , Kee Hae Jin , Kim Nacksung , Park Yong-Wook 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. MAIT cell, cytokine, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8+ and double-negative T cell subsets, and significantly correlated with disease activity, such as SLE disease activity index and 28-joint disease activity score. Interestingly, MAIT cell frequency was significantly correlated with NKT cell frequency in SLE patients. IFN-γ production in MAIT cells was impaired in SLE patients, which was due to an intrinsic defect in the Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT1 signaling pathway. In SLE patients, MAIT cells were poorly activated by α-galactosylceramide–stimulated NKT cells, thereby showing the dysfunction between MAIT cells and NKT cells. Notably, an elevated expression of PD-1 in MAIT cells and NKT cells was associated with SLE. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, MAIT cell levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Our study primarily demonstrates that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in SLE. In addition, we report a novel finding that this MAIT cell deficiency is associated with NKT cell deficiency and elevated PD-1 expression. These abnormalities possibly contribute to dysregulated mucosal immunity in SLE.
Immunophilins Control T Lymphocyte Adhesion and Migration by Regulating CrkII Binding to C3G
Authors: Nath Pulak Ranjan , Dong Guangyu , Braiman Alex , Isakov Noah 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Crk adaptor proteins are key players in signal transduction from a variety of cell surface receptors. CrkI and CrkII, the two alternative spliced forms of CRK, possess an N-terminal Src homology 2 domain, followed by a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, whereas CrkII possesses in addition a C-terminal linker region plus a SH3 domain, which operate as regulatory moieties. In this study, we investigated the ability of immunophilins, which function as peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, to regulate Crk proteins in human T lymphocytes. We found that endogenous CrkII, but not CrkI, associates with the immunophilins, cyclophilin A, and 12-kDa FK506-binding protein, in resting human Jurkat T cells. In addition, cyclophilin A increased Crk SH3 domain–binding guanine-nucleotide releasing factor (C3G) binding to CrkII, whereas inhibitors of immunophilins, such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506, inhibited CrkII, but not CrkI association with C3G. Expression in Jurkat T cells of phosphorylation indicator of Crk chimeric unit plasmid, a plasmid encoding the human CrkII1–236 sandwiched between cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein, demonstrated a basal level of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which increased in response to cell treatment with CsA and FK506, reflecting increased trans-to-cis conversion of CrkII. Crk-C3G complexes are known to play an important role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration. We found that overexpression of CrkI or CrkII increased adhesion and migration of Jurkat T cells. However, immunophilin inhibitors suppressed the ability of CrkII- but not CrkI-overexpressing cells to adhere to fibronectin-coated surfaces and migrate toward the stromal cell-derived factor 1α chemokine. The present data demonstrate that immunophilins regulate CrkII, but not CrkI activity in T cells and suggest that CsA and FK506 inhibit selected effector T cell functions via a CrkII-dependent mechanism.
NFκB2/p100 Is a Key Factor for Endotoxin Tolerance in Human Monocytes: A Demonstration Using Primary Human Monocytes from Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , Hernández-Jiménez Enrique , Toledano Víctor , Esteban-Burgos Laura , Fernández-Ruíz Irene , Gómez-Piña Vanesa , del Fresno Carlos , Siliceo María , Prieto-Chinchiña Patricia , Pérez de Diego Rebeca , Boscá Lisardo , Fresno Manuel , Arnalich Francisco , López-Collazo Eduardo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a state of reduced responsiveness to endotoxin stimulation after a primary bacterial insult. This phenomenon has been described in several pathologies, including sepsis, in which an endotoxin challenge results in reduced cytokine production. In this study, we show that the NFκ L chain enhancer of activated B cells 2 (NFκB2)/p100 was overexpressed and accumulated in a well-established in vitro human monocyte model of ET. The p100 accumulation in these cells inversely correlated with the inflammatory response after LPS stimulation. Knocking down NFκB2/p100 using small interfering RNA in human monocytes further indicated that p100 expression is a crucial factor in the progression of ET. The monocytes derived from patients with sepsis had high levels of p100, and a downregulation of NFκB2/p100 in these septic monocytes reversed their ET status.
A POÉTICA DO MODERNISMO E SUA INSERÇÃO NO TEMPO PRESENTE
Authors: JOZEF BELLA 
Published: September 2014

Este estudo, escrito por ocasião do centenário de Leopoldo Lugones, é uma leitura do modernismo hispano-americano diante da crítica contemporânea. Ele considera o romantismo como o primeiro movimento de ruptura da £rte moderna, uma problemática da linguagem, não mais da língua. "Diier'' o mundo, é "dizer" a linguagem.A característica principal dessa nova estética do modernismo ó o sincretismo (incorporação á expressão literária des procedimentos das outras artes e conciliação do tendências diversas). Dario, desenvolvendo o espaço da língua espanhola c um precursor da épcca atual e também Lugcncs ccm sua concepção da misüã.-j profética do poeta. Ele enriquece a realidade partindo do universo simbólico do |-'03,a- Ocb¡etivo dos modernistas foi a contemporancidade, nostalgia da unidade perdido.Renovando a concepção do poético o modernismo funda o autonomia literária da América Hispânica.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOCIAIS NA ESCOLHA DO PRONOME
Authors: BAMBER BRIAN 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo faz considerações sobre a conservação de durs fo-mos da segunda pessoa do singular dos pronomes em algumas comunidades lingüisticas na Inglaterra, muito depois de um deles ter caído em desuso no inglês padrão. Ele mostra que cs falantes que aindj usam ambas as formas, tendem a usar ''you" e "thou" alternadamente de acordo com certo número de considerações sociais, que muitas vezes provam ser instintivas, mas que estabelecem com precisão as normas lingüísticas aplicáveisa qualquer situação dada. Esto artigo também discute a possibilidade de prog'nesticar a escolha do pronome com certo grau de precisão.
NOVAS CARTAS PORTUGUESAS E O PROCESSO DE CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DA MULHER-SÉCULO XX
Authors: NOVAES COELHO NELLY 
Published: September 2014

Ao aparecer ncs anos que precederam, imediatamente, o 25 de abril de 1974, Novas cartas portuguosas provocou uma drástica reação oficial — apreensão dos livros e processo contra as autorss por desacato ao pudor e aos bons costumes. A obra, noentanto, acompanha a linha que se mantinha comprometida em denunciar a castração polo poder das forças creativas. Em Novas cartas portuguesas esta denúncia se mostra num amálgama do vivências e reflexões que embora irreverentes e desenvolto nalinguagem ultrapassa o "literário". Seu significado: interrogação existencial, relações homem/mulher e sobretudo a met:morfose da mulher no século XX, o seu domínio da vida intelectual consciente. Também a árdua luta para atingir valores que milhõesde mulheres ainda recusam po- medo da liberdade. Pois assumir a liberdade significa responsabilizarse o que para a mulher atual é conquistar-se o direito de atuar sobre o mundo novo que S2 está organizando Nesta descoberta ou reconhecimento dop óprio eu está um dos caminhos que levará a humanidade à descoberta do Mundo e da Vida.
KURT VONNEGUT, JR: A CIDADE ATRAVÉS DO ESPELHO
Authors: KERA STEVENS WINIFRED 
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho foi planejado para ser um estudo básico e preliminar de Paralelismos entre duas obras intimamente relacionadas e, portanto, envolveu um esludo comparativo de dois textos:LEWIS CARROLL, No Fundo do Espelho e O que Lá Encontrou (em The AnnotatedAlice).KURT VONNEGUT, JR. Almoço de Campeões.
POESIA GAUCHESCA PLATINA: PERSPECTIVA NARRATIVA E IDEOLÓGICA
Authors: Teixeira de Oliveira Zokner Cecilia 
Published: September 2014

Partindo de uma observação de Angel Rama foi constatado queem Los tres gauchos orientales de Lussich os narradores expressam na 1." pessoa plural um ideal político e na 1.' pessoa singular um lirismo subjetivo e fracassado. Ao contrário, o monólogo de Martin Fierro, na obra de Hernandez, que se inica com uma 1/ pessoa subjetiva e fracassada, ao usar a l . ' pessoa plural traduz uma conscientização a respeito das tradicionais posições da sociedade. Ao analisar esta mutação do narrador, a sua auto-definição como gaúcho versus os demais membros da sociedade, a sua posição na dicotomia resultante das forças que se lhe opõem, foi possível constatar, também, que não se trata de uma simples opção de perspectiva narrativa, uma vez quenelas estão contidas, emergentes, as posições ideológicas de um tipo social.
A EXPRESSÃO FALADA E ESCRITA NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Wouk Maria Das Dores 
Published: September 2014

A autora focaliza a importância do aspecto áudio-oral no ensinodas línguas estrangeiras, contrariando a longa tradição de os professores tomarem como base de seu ensino unicamente a língua escrita e, particularmente, a literária.Justifica o seu ponto de vista com os princípios da Sociolingüística,já comprovados em muitas pesquisas, a qual considera os váriosníveis existentes no uso de qualquer língua de civilização, destacando a primazia da modalidade oral na comunicação diária.Daí a necessidade de o ensino nas escolas se voltar para a línguaoral, sem contudo relegar ao abandono a língua escrita, que manterá sempre o seu prestígio cultural. Importa, portanto, mudar os procedimentos didáticos, adaptando-os às novas necessidades dos que aprendem e aos objetivos visados. Obedecendo à ordem natural na aprendizagem — ouvir, falar, 1er e escrever — obviamente esse ensino deverá ser encetado no aspecto áudio-oral.Quanto ao momento em que deve ser abordada a fase escrita, aexperiência demonstra que ele depende de vários fatores, entre os quais figuram: a finalidade do ensino, o nível da classe, a idade dos alunos, o número de horas de ensino e os recursos técnicos disponíveis.No ensino da literatura, recomenda a adoção de textos de escritores contemporâneos, de maior interesse para os alunos do que os clássicos. Finalmente, frisa a exigência da boa formação didática do professor de línguas, fundamentada cientificamente na Lingüística e na Lingüística Aplicada.
O TEATRO ÉPICO DE BRECHT
Authors: Bossmann Reinaldo 
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo descreve as etapas da vida de Brecht, as fasesde seu desenvolvimento e trabalho como escritor e teatrólogo, oferece o esquema de ambas as formas do teatro dramático e épico, e, finalmente, em linhas gerais, trata do efeito de distanciamento.
O PROSTÍBULO COMO TEMPLO DAS "CONDENADAS" SOBRE A TERRA
Authors: Ainsa Fernando 
Published: September 2014

O autor analisa Sombras Sobre la Tierra, de Francisco Espinola, sobtiês aspectos: o órfão como rebelde agonico; a sinuosa linha do Bem e do Mal e õ eterno par do criminoso c a santa, e propõe como funções alegóricas: c prostíbulo como templo caseiro do órfão; o amor como transfiguração do pecado e os sonhos da violência como Juízo Final redentor.
POR UMA DEFINIÇÃO DE UM PONTO DE VISTA PERTINENTE E COERENTE NA ANÁLISE DO TEXTO LITERÁRIO
Authors: S. Nazario Helena 
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho se propõe o exame dos estudos de estilo de L. Spitzer e E. Auerbach, da critica temática de J.P. Richard e J. Rousset e de certas proposições do estruturalismo, numa tentativa de busca de uma interpretação da obra literária orientada para a fusão de textos e contexto.