bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Swarm Plasma Densities Overestimation Using Neural Networks
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Shprits Yuri , Lühr Hermann , Pignalberi Alessio , Xiong Chao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the measurements of Langmuir Probes (LPs) onboard ESA's Swarm mission overestimate ion densities on the nightside by up to 50%. The overestimation is due to the assumption of oxygen‐only plasma for ion density calculations, which is often violated at mid‐latitudes on the nightside. In this study, we present a calibration model that resolves the nighttime overestimation by Swarm LPs. Using observations by Swarm FacePlate (FP) as a reference, we develop a neural network (NN) model that adjusts LP data to the FP measurements. The model incorporates dependence on solar and geomagnetic conditions, parameterized by the P10.7 and Hp30 indices, location, day of the year and local time. Our model reveals a distinct double‐crest pattern in nighttime density overestimation by LPs, centered at ∼30° quasi‐dipole latitude in both hemispheres. This overestimation intensifies during low solar activity and shows strong seasonal dependence. During solstices, the crests are more pronounced in the local winter hemispheres, while during equinoxes the crests are weaker and exhibit hemispheric symmetry. This morphology aligns with the presence of light ions diffusing downward from the plasmasphere. Validating the LP data in conjunctions with Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) observations showed a much stronger agreement after applying the developed correction: for Swarm B, nighttime correlation with COSMIC increased from 0.74 to 0.93. The NN‐calibrated LP data set has numerous applications in ionospheric research, and the developed model can provide useful insights into the ion composition in the topside ionosphere.
The Drivers of Hydrologic Behavior in Brazil: Insights From a Catchment Classification
Authors: Almagro André , Meira Neto Antônio Alves , Vergopolan Noemi , Roy Tirthankar , Troch Peter A. , Oliveira Paulo Tarso S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite hosting ∼16% of the global freshwater and almost 50% of water resources in South America, Brazilian catchment‐scale relationships between drivers and streamflow are still poorly understood. Here, we used streamflow signatures and attributes of 735 catchments from the Catchment Attributes for Brazil data set to investigate the dominant hydrological processes for the catchments. We also assess how catchments group based on hydrologic behavior similarities and analyze which climatic/landscape attributes control the streamflow variability. To classify and group the catchments, we used the k‐means method optimized by the Elbow approach, along with a Principal Component Analysis. Uncertainty on catchment grouping was checked by k‐fold cross‐validation. Then, we used a recursive feature elimination using the random forest technique to assess the most influential catchment attributes to the hydrological signatures. Our results revealed six similarity groups, which followed mainly an aridity gradient ranging from the wettest to the driest, but also seasonality. The climate is the primary driver of hydrological behavior for the water‐limited groups, highlighting the influence and importance of the atmospheric demand in several Brazilian catchments. High soil storage capacity in energy‐limited catchments associated with high precipitation led to high discharge all year due to the subsurface fluxes' contribution. Our findings may be useful to improve streamflow predictability and hydrological behavior identification by further understanding hydrological similarities and their signatures due to catchment landscape characteristics. Further, by employing an easily reproducible methodology and clear metrics to weigh uncertainty, our study provides a significant step toward establishing a catchment‐scale common classification system.
Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials
Authors: Luo Yuan , Zhao Jiaxin , Fieramosca Antonio , Guo Quanbing , Kang Haifeng , Liu Xiaoze , Liew Timothy C. H. , Sanvitto Daniele , An Zhiyuan , Ghosh Sanjib , Wang Ziyu , Xu Hongxing , Xiong Qihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research, drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties. The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities, providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices. In this review, we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling. In the foremost position, we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials, such as Fabry-Perot cavities, photonic crystals, and plasmonic nanocavities. We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons. In the end, we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.
Non-invasive estimation of the powder size distribution from a single speckle image
Authors: Zhang Qihang , Pandit Ajinkya , Liu Zhiguang , Guo Zhen , Muddu Shashank , Wei Yi , Pereg Deborah , Nazemifard Neda , Papageorgiou Charles , Yang Yihui , Tang Wenlong , Braatz Richard D. , Myerson Allan S. , Barbastathis George 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNon-invasive characterization of powders may take one of two approaches: imaging and counting individual particles; or relying on scattered light to estimate the particle size distribution (PSD) of the ensemble. The former approach runs into practical difficulties, as the system must conform to the working distance and other restrictions of the imaging optics. The latter approach requires an inverse map from the speckle autocorrelation to the particle sizes. The principle relies on the pupil function determining the basic sidelobe shape, whereas the particle size spread modulates the sidelobe intensity. We recently showed that it is feasible to invert the speckle autocorrelation and obtain the PSD using a neural network, trained efficiently through a physics-informed semi-generative approach. In this work, we eliminate one of the most time-consuming steps of our previous method by engineering the pupil function. By judiciously blocking portions of the pupil, we sacrifice some photons but in return we achieve much enhanced sidelobes and, hence, higher sensitivity to the change of the size distribution. The result is a 60 × reduction in total acquisition and processing time, or 0.25 seconds per frame in our implementation. Almost real-time operation in our system is not only more appealing toward rapid industrial adoption, it also paves the way for quantitative characterization of complex spatial or temporal dynamics in drying, blending, and other chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
Clinical audit of an artificial intelligence (AI) empowered smile simulation system: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Adel Samar M. , Bichu Yashodhan M. , Pandian Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy , Sabouni Waddah , Shah Chandani , Vaiid Nikhillesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSmile aesthetics is an important factor to consider during orthodontic treatment planning. The aim of the present study is to assess the predictability of Invisalign SmileView for digital AI smile simulation in comparison to actual smile treatment outcomes, using various smile assessment parameters. A total of 24 adult subjects (12 females and 12 males; mean age 22 ± 5.2 years) who chose to be treated using Invisalign were prospectively recruited to have their pretreatment smiles captured using the Invisalign SmileView to simulate their new smiles before treatment was started. Patients were then treated using upper and lower Invisalign aligners with average treatment time of 18 ± 6 months. Full post-treatment records were obtained and full smile frame images of simulated smile and actual final smile of each subject were evaluated by an independent examiner using an objective assessment sheet. Ten smile variants were used to assess the characteristics of the full smile images. Significance level was set at P < 0.05. The ICC for the quantitative parameters showed that there was an overall excellent & good internal consistency (alpha value > 0.7 & > 0.9). The Independent t test was performed amongst the quantitative variables. The P value was not significant for all except maxillary inter canine width (P = 0.05), stating that for the five variables namely; philtrum height, commissure height, smile width, buccal corridor and smile index, actual mean values were similar to the simulation mean values. For the qualitative variables, the Kappa value ranged between 0.66 and − 0.75 which showed a substantial level of agreement between the examiners. Additionally, the Chi square test for the qualitative variables, revealed that the P value was found to be significant in all except lip line. This implies that only the lip line values are comparable. More optimal lip lines, straighter smile arcs and more ideal tooth display were achieved in actual post treatment results in comparison to the initially predicted smiles. Five quantitative smile assessment parameters i.e., philtrum height, commissure height, smile width, buccal corridor, and smile index, could be used as reliable predictors of smile simulation. Maxillary inter canine width cannot be considered to be a reliable parameter for smile simulation prediction. A single qualitative parameter, namely the lip line, can be used as a reliable predictor for smile simulation. Three qualitative parameters i.e., most posterior tooth display, smile arc, and amount of lower incisor exposure cannot be considered as reliable parameters for smile prediction.Trial Registration number and date: NCT06123585, (09/11/2023)
The perceived beauty of art is not strongly calibrated to the statistical regularities of real-world scenes
Authors: Swartz Alexander , Skelton Alice E. , Mather George , Bosten Jenny M. , Maule John , Franklin Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAesthetic judgements are partly predicted by image statistics, although the extent to which they are calibrated to the statistics of real-world scenes and the ‘visual diet’ of daily life is unclear. Here, we investigated the extent to which the beauty ratings of Western oil paintings from the JenAesthetics dataset can be accounted for by real-world scene statistics. We computed spatial and chromatic image statistics for the paintings and a set of real-world scenes captured by a head-mounted camera as participants went about daily lives. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) indicated that 6–15% of the variance in beauty ratings of the art can be accounted for by the art’s image statistics. The luminance contrast of paintings made an important contribution to the PLSR models: paintings were perceived as more beautiful the greater the variation in luminance. PLSR models which expressed the art’s image statistics relative to real-world scene statistics explained a similar amount of variance to models using the art’s image statistics. The importance of an image statistic to perceived beauty was not related to how closely art reproduces the value from the real world. The findings suggest that beauty judgements of art are not strongly calibrated to the scene statistics of the real world.
Overexpression of Ginkbilobin-2 homologous domain gene improves tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in somatic embryos of Quercus suber
Authors: Serrazina Susana , Martínez MªTeresa , Soudani Serine , Candeias Gonçalo , Berrocal-Lobo Marta , Piñeiro Pablo , Malhó Rui , Costa Rita Lourenço , Corredoira Elena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades an extensive mortality and decline of Quercus suber populations mainly caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi has been observed. In the current study, a chestnut gene homologous to ginkbilobin-2 (Cast_Gnk2-like), which in Ginkgo biloba codifies an antifungal protein, was transferred into cork oak somatic embryos of three different embryogenic lines by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The transformation efficiency varied on the genotype from 2.5 to 9.2%, and a total of 22 independent transformed lines were obtained. The presence of Cast_Gnk2-like gene in transgenic embryos was verified in all lines by PCR. The number of transgene copies was estimated by qPCR in embryogenic lines with high proliferation ability and it varied between 1 and 5. In addition, the expression levels of Cast_Gnk2-like gene were determined in the embryogenic lines, with higher levels in lines derived from the genotype ALM6-WT. Transgenic plants were obtained from all transgenic lines and evaluated after cold storage of the somatic embryos for 2 months and subsequent transfer to germination medium. In vitro tolerance tests made under controlled conditions and following zoospore treatment showed that plants overexpressing Cast_Gnk2-like gene improved tolerance against Pc when compared to wild type ones.
Beta-adrenergic agonism protects mitochondrial metabolism in the pancreatectomised rat heart
Authors: Lindsay Ross T. , Thisted Louise , Zois Nora E. , Thrane Sebastian T. , West James A. , Fosgerau Keld , Griffin Julian L. , Fink Lisbeth N. , Murray Andrew J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe diabetic heart is characterised by functional, morphological and metabolic alterations predisposing it to contractile failure. Chronic sympathetic activation is a feature of the pathogenesis of heart failure, however the type 1 diabetic heart shows desensitisation to β-adrenergic stimulation. Here, we sought to understand the impact of repeated isoprenaline-mediated β-stimulation upon cardiac mitochondrial respiratory capacity and substrate metabolism in the 90% pancreatectomy (Px) rat model of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesised these hearts would be relatively protected against the metabolic impact of stress-induced cardiomyopathy. We found that individually both Px and isoprenaline suppressed cardiac mitochondrial respiration, but that this was preserved in Px rats receiving isoprenaline. Px and isoprenaline had contrasting effects on cardiac substrate metabolism, with increased reliance upon cardiac fatty acid oxidation capacity and altered ketone metabolism in the hearts of Px rats, but enhanced capacity for glucose uptake and metabolism in isoprenaline-treated rats. Moreover, Px rats were protected against isoprenaline-induced mortality, whilst isoprenaline elevated cGMP and protected myocardial energetic status in Px rat hearts. Our work suggests that adrenergic stimulation may be protective in the type 1 diabetic heart, and underlines the importance of studying pathological features in combination when modeling complex disease in rodents.
Multi frame holograms batched optimization for binary phase spatial light modulators
Authors: Sha Jinze , Wojcik Antoni , Wetherfield Benjamin , Yu Jianghan , Wilkinson Timothy D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhase retrieval methods used in computer generated holograms such as Gerchberg-Saxton and gradient descent give results which are prone to noise and other defects. This work builds up on the idea of time-averaging multiple hologram frames, first introduced in methods like One-Step Phase-Retrieval and Adaptive One-Step Phase-Retrieval. The proposed technique called Multi-Frame Holograms Batched Optimization uses the L-BFGS optimization algorithm to simultaneously generate a batch of binary phase holograms which result in an average reconstructed image of improved fidelity and fast algorithmic convergence, both in the Fraunhoffer and the Fresnel regimes. The results are compared to One-Step Phase-Retrieval and Adaptive One-Step Phase-Retrieval in simulation and experimentally, proving the superiority of the proposed approach. This technique can be easily extended to other spatial modulation methods.
Fertility protection during chemotherapy treatment by boosting the NAD(P)+ metabolome
Authors: Ho Wing-Hong Jonathan , Marinova Maria B , Listijono Dave R , Bertoldo Michael J , Richani Dulama , Kim Lynn-Jee , Brown Amelia , Riepsamen Angelique H , Cabot Safaa , Frost Emily R , Bustamante Sonia , Zhong Ling , Selesniemi Kaisa , Wong Derek , Madawala Romanthi , Marchante Maria , Goss Dale M , Li Catherine , Araki Toshiyuki , Livingston David J , Turner Nigel , Sinclair David A , Walters Kirsty A , Homer Hayden A , Gilchrist Robert B , Wu Lindsay E 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChemotherapy induced ovarian failure and infertility is an important concern in female cancer patients of reproductive age or younger, and non-invasive, pharmacological approaches to maintain ovarian function are urgently needed. Given the role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as an essential cofactor for drug detoxification, we sought to test whether boosting the NAD(P)+ metabolome could protect ovarian function. We show that pharmacological or transgenic strategies to replenish the NAD+ metabolome ameliorates chemotherapy induced female infertility in mice, as measured by oocyte yield, follicle health, and functional breeding trials. Importantly, treatment of a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) reduced tumour growth and did not impair the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in vivo or in diverse cancer cell lines. Overall, these findings raise the possibility that NAD+ precursors could be a non-invasive strategy for maintaining ovarian function in cancer patients, with potential benefits in cancer therapy.
Unusual singlet oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical production by a unique ruthenium-polypyridyl-hydroxamate complex under visible light irradiation
Authors: Tang Tian-Shu , Mao Li , Huang Chun-Hua , Zhao Chuan-Fang , Liu Zhi-Sheng , Chen Jing , Zhu Ben-Zhan 
Published: August 2024

A novel ˙OH-generating system mediated by Ru complexes under visible light irradiation was discovered, which were found to be not only dependent on the well-known spin-trapping agent DMPO, but also on 1O2 and the presence of H-donating agents
Accuracy of Speech Sound Analysis: Comparison of an Automatic Artificial Intelligence Algorithm With Clinician Assessment
Authors: Carl Micalle , Rudyk Eduard , Shapira Yair , Rusiewicz Heather Leavy , Icht Michal 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Automatic speech analysis (ASA) and automatic speech recognition systems are increasingly being used in the treatment of speech sound disorders (SSDs). When utilized as a home practice tool or in the absence of the clinician, the ASA system has the potential to facilitate treatment gains. However, the feedback accuracy of such systems varies, a factor that may impact these gains. The current research analyzes the feedback accuracy of a novel ASA algorithm (Amplio Learning Technologies), in comparison to clinician judgments.

Method:
A total of 3,584 consonant stimuli, produced by 395 American English–speaking children and adolescents with SSDs (age range: 4–18 years), were analyzed with respect to automatic classification of the ASA algorithm, clinician–ASA agreement, and interclinician agreement. Further analysis of results as related to phoneme acquisition categories (early-, middle-, and late-acquired phonemes) was conducted.

Results:
Agreement between clinicians and ASA classification for sounds produced accurately was above 80% for all phonemes, with some variation based on phoneme acquisition category (early, middle, late). This variation was also noted for ASA classification into “acceptable,” “unacceptable,” and “unknown” (which means no determination of phoneme accuracy) categories, as well as interclinician agreement. Clinician–ASA agreement was reduced for misarticulated sounds.

Conclusions:
The initial findings of Amplio's novel algorithm are promising for its potential use within the context of home practice, as it demonstrates high feedback accuracy for correctly produced sounds. Furthermore, complexity of sound influences consistency of perception, both by clinicians and by automated platforms, indicating variable performance of the ASA algorithm across phonemes. Taken together, the ASA algorithm may be effective in facilitating speech sound practice for children with SSDs, even in the absence of the clinician.
Socioeconomic Deprivation Detrimentally Influences Language Outcomes in Toddlers With Cleft Palate
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Lien Kari M. , Munday John , Thibeault Susan L. ,   on behalf of the Cleft Outcomes Research NETwork (CORNET) Consortium
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on language and developmental outcomes in toddlers with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L). Other factors known to influence language outcomes were also considered, including home language history, history of hearing problems, syndromic diagnoses, and sex.

Method:
A multicenter, cross-sectional study design was conducted. Data for 566 16-month-old toddlers with CP ± L were collected from 17 outpatient cleft palate clinics located throughout the United States. Outcome measures included the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories, LENA Developmental Snapshot, age at first word as reported by the caregiver, and the Ages and Stages Questionnaires–Third Edition (ASQ-3). Multivariable linear or logistic regression was used to determine the influence of socioeconomic deprivation, as measured by the Area Deprivation Index, on language and developmental outcomes.

Results:

Greater socioeconomic deprivation significantly predicted poorer language outcomes in toddlers with CP ± L, including receptive vocabulary words (
p
= .02), expressive vocabulary words (
p
= .02), and late-developing gestures (
p
= .02). Additionally, toddlers from less affluent neighborhoods produced their first words significantly later than their counterparts living in more affluent areas (
p
< .01). Lower maternal education levels predicted significantly increased risk for problem solving delays (
p
< .01), and patients with subsidized insurance were at significantly increased risk for personal–social delays on the ASQ-3 (
p
< .01).

Conclusions:
Children with CP ± L are susceptible to developmental delays associated with socioeconomic deprivation. These findings have implications for identifying a child's individual risk factors for developmental language disorders when conducting speech-language assessments. Future study should examine how inequities in care can be mitigated and addressed.