bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low elastic modulus contributes to the osteointegration of titanium alloy plug
Authors: Zhang Yongquan , Wang Junlin , Wang Pan , Fan Xiangli , Li Xiaokang , Fu Jun , Li Shujun , Fan Hongbin , Guo Zheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractResurfacing of cartilage defect with mini titanium plug is considered a promising alternative for the treatment of focal chondral defects. Elastic modulus of the metal implant plays a significant role in force transmission which influences the stability of plug. This study assessed the effects of two kinds of titanium alloy plug with different elastic modulus, that is, titanium 2448 (Ti2448) plug and titanium–6 aluminum–4 vanadium (TAV) plug on osteointegration. The full‐thickness chondral defects were created in bilateral knees of dogs and then TAV and Ti2448 plugs were implanted, respectively. After 12 weeks, radiographic evaluation did not reveal any signs of disassembly, subsidence, or periprosthetic radiolucency in both groups. Microcomputed tomography analysis revealed that bone histomorphometric parameters in Ti2448 group were all significantly better than those of TAV group. Furthermore, the value of pullout force in Ti2448 group was also significantly higher. Histology showed that the screw threads of Ti2448 plug were well integrated into the newly formed bone. In contrast, the trabecular bone was sparsely distributed around TAV plug. In conclusion, Ti2448 plug with low elastic modulus showed more favorable characteristics in osteointegration. Ti2448 may be a promising biomaterial for fabricating mini plug applied for cartilage resurfacing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Trends in glycemic control over a 2‐year period in 126 US hospitals
Authors: Bersoux Sophie , Cook Curtiss B. , Kongable Gail L. , Shu Jianfen 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUNDCross‐sectional data on inpatient glucose control in a large sample of US hospitals are now available, but little is known about changes in glycemic control over time in these institutions.OBJECTIVETo evaluate trends in glycemic control in US hospitals over 2 years.DESIGNRetrospective analysis.METHODSPoint‐of‐care blood glucose (POC‐BG) test results at 126 hospitals during January to December 2007 and January to December 2009 were extracted using the Remote Automated Laboratory System‐Plus (Medical Automation Systems, Charlottesville, VA), and patient‐day‐weighted mean glucose levels were compared.SETTING/PATIENTSHospitalized patients.RESULTSA total of 12,541,929 POC‐BG measurements from 1,010,705 patients were analyzed for 2007, and 10,659,418 POC‐BG measurements from 656,206 patients were analyzed for 2009. Patient‐day‐weighted mean POC‐BG in 2009 decreased by 5 mg/dL in the non‐intensive care unit (non‐ICU) data compared with that in 2007 (154 mg/dL vs 159 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001). However, POC‐BG values were clinically unchanged in intensive care unit (ICU) data from 2009 vs 2007 (167 mg/dL vs 166 mg/dL; P < 0.001). From 2007 to 2009, the proportion of patient‐day‐weighted mean POC‐BGs that were >180 mg/dL declined from 28% to 25% in non‐ICU patients (P < 0.001), but not in ICU. Decreases in patient‐day‐weighted mean POC‐BG values in non‐ICU patients were significant regardless of hospital size, type, and geographic region (all P < 0.001), but similar decreases were not found in ICU data.CONCLUSIONSIn this first analysis of glucose changes in US hospitals, improvements over 2 years occurred in non‐ICU patients. Ongoing analysis will determine whether this trend continues. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:121–125. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Association of a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of TLR‐3 with osteoarthritis: A two‐stage case–control study
Authors: Yang Hsin‐Yi , Lee Herng‐Sheng , Lee Chian‐Her , Fang Wen‐Hui , Chen Hsiang‐Cheng , Salter Donald M. , Su Sui‐Lung 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that polymorphisms in toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9), an endosomal TLR, are associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). TLR‐3, ‐7, and ‐8 are also found on the surface of endosomes and to investigate whether similar associations exist with polymorphisms in these TLR genes we performed a two‐stage case–control study and genotyped 11 TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 823 OA cases and 594 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. Real‐time PCR was performed to assess the functional expression of an identified promoter polymorphism in TLR‐3 following dexamethasone stimulation of articular chondrocytes. An association between TLR‐3 SNPs at rs3775296 and rs3775290 and OA was identified in both populations. In males the allelic frequencies of TLR‐7 rs179010 and TLR‐8 rs5744080 were significantly different between OA cases and healthy controls. The ATCA, CTCA, and CCTA haplotypes of TLR‐3 were associated with OA susceptibility. A significant difference in TLR‐3 gene expression following dexamethasone treatment was seen among the various genotypes of rs3775296 (p = 0.004). Our findings indicate that a SNP in the promoter region of TLR‐3 is associated with elevated TLR‐3 gene expression and susceptibility to knee OA in a Chinese Han population. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 680–685, 2013
Selective laser melting‐produced porous titanium scaffolds regenerate bone in critical size cortical bone defects
Authors: Van der Stok Johan , Van der Jagt Olav P. , Amin Yavari Saber , De Haas Mirthe F. P. , Waarsing Jan H. , Jahr Holger , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Patka Peter , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Zadpoor Amir A. , Weinans Harrie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPorous titanium scaffolds have good mechanical properties that make them an interesting bone substitute material for large bone defects. These scaffolds can be produced with selective laser melting, which has the advantage of tailoring the structure's architecture. Reducing the strut size reduces the stiffness of the structure and may have a positive effect on bone formation. Two scaffolds with struts of 120‐µm (titanium‐120) or 230‐µm (titanium‐230) were studied in a load‐bearing critical femoral bone defect in rats. The defect was stabilized with an internal plate and treated with titanium‐120, titanium‐230, or left empty. In vivo micro‐CT scans at 4, 8, and 12 weeks showed more bone in the defects treated with scaffolds. Finally, 18.4 ± 7.1 mm3 (titanium‐120, p = 0.015) and 18.7 ± 8.0 mm3 (titanium‐230, p = 0.012) of bone was formed in those defects, significantly more than in the empty defects (5.8 ± 5.1 mm3). Bending tests on the excised femurs after 12 weeks showed that the fusion strength reached 62% (titanium‐120) and 45% (titanium‐230) of the intact contralateral femurs, but there was no significant difference between the two scaffolds. This study showed that in addition to adequate mechanical support, porous titanium scaffolds facilitate bone formation, which results in high mechanical integrity of the treated large bone defects. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 792–799, 2013
Interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods with implicit time‐integration techniques for nonlinear parabolic equations
Authors: Song Lunji , Gie Gung‐Min , Shiue Ming‐Cheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe prove existence and numerical stability of numerical solutions of three fully discrete interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods for solving nonlinear parabolic equations. Under some appropriate regularity conditions, we give the l2(H1) and l∞(L2) error estimates of the fully discrete symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin–scheme with the implicit θ ‐schemes in time, which include backward Euler and Crank–Nicolson finite difference approximations. Our estimates are optimal with respect to the mesh size h. The theoretical results are confirmed by some numerical experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Bollard Catherine M. , Lim Megan S. , Gross Thomas G. ,   on behalf of the COG Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphomas account for approximately 7% of cancers diagnosed in patients less than 20 years of age, with approximately 800 cases diagnosed annually at COG institutions. With current therapies, cure rates range from 70% to over 90%, even for children with disseminated disease. However, two major challenges need to be overcome: (i) to optimize upfront treatment to prevent relapse since prognosis for patients with relapsed disease remains poor and (ii) minimize long‐term side effects in survivors. Hence, the future initiatives for the treatment of pediatric NHL are to utilize novel targeted therapies to not only improve outcomes but to decrease bystander organ toxicities and late effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 979–984. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Central nervous system tumors
Authors: Gajjar Amar , Packer Roger J. , Foreman N.K. , Cohen Kenneth , Haas‐Kogan Daphne , Merchant Thomas E. ,   on behalf of the COG Brain Tumor Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the US, approximately 2,500 children are diagnosed annually with brain tumors. Their survival ranges from >90% to <10%. For children with medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor, 5‐year survival ranges from >80% (standard‐risk) to 60% (high‐risk). For those with high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, 5‐year survival remains <10%. Sixty‐five percent patients with ependymoma are cured after surgery and radiation therapy depending on the degree of resection and histopathology of the tumor. Phase II trials for brain tumors will investigate agents that act on cMET, PDGFRA, or EZH2 in HGG, DIPG, or medulloblastoma, respectively. Phase III trials will explore risk‐based therapy stratification guided by molecular and clinical traits of children with medulloblastoma or ependymoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1022–1026. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Bone tumors
Authors: Gorlick Richard , Janeway Katherine , Lessnick Stephen , Randall R. Lor , Marina Neyssa ,   on behalf of the COG Bone Tumor Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the US, approximately 650 children are diagnosed with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma (ES) each year. Five‐year survival ranges from 65% to 75% for localized disease and <30% for patients with metastases. Recent findings include interval‐compressed five drug chemotherapy improves survival with localized ES. In osteosarcoma a large international trial investigating the addition of ifosfamide/etoposide or interferon to standard therapy has completed accrual. For ES an ongoing trial explores the addition of cyclophosphamide/topotecan to interval‐compressed chemotherapy. Trials planned by the Children's Oncology Group will investigate new target(s) including IGF‐1R and mTOR in ES, and RANKL and GD2 in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1009–1015. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of PET–CT and conventional imaging in staging pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Federico Sara M. , Spunt Sheri L. , Krasin Matthew J. , Billup Catherine A. , Wu Jianrong , Shulkin Barry , Mandell Gerald , McCarville M. Beth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, PET–CT has been used to assess rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, the role of PET–CT in staging RMS is unknown.ProcedureThirty subjects with RMS, median age 7.3 years, underwent PET–CT before therapy. PET–CTs and conventional imaging (CI) were independently reviewed by two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians to determine the presence of metastases. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PET–CT for detecting metastases were compared to CI using biopsy and clinical follow‐up as reference standards. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of primary tumors, lymph nodes, and pulmonary nodules were measured.ResultsPrimary tumors had an average SUVmax of 7.2 (range, 2.5–19.2). Accuracy rates for 17 subjects with nodal disease were 95% for PET–CT and 49% for CI. PET–CT had 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity for nodal disease. Of seven pulmonary nodules detected by CI, three were not identified by PET–CT, two were indeterminate, and one was malignant with a SUVmax (3.4) > twice that of benign nodules. Two subjects had bone disease; both were identified by PET–CT but only one by CI. Four subjects had bone marrow disease, two had positive PET–CTs but none had positive CI. Two subjects had soft tissue metastases detected by PET–CT but not CI.ConclusionsPET–CT performed better than CI in identifying nodal, bone, bone marrow, and soft tissue disease in children with RMS. CI remains essential for detection of pulmonary nodules. We recommend PET–CT for staging of children with RMS. CI with Tc99m bone scan can be eliminated. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1128–1134. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of the functionalizing agent, itaconic acid, on the mechanical properties of microemulsion‐made core/shell polymers
Authors: Rabelero Martin , Trujillo Agustín , Ceja Israel , Canché Gonzálo , Mendizábal Eduardo , Esquena Jordi , Solans Conxita , Puig Jorge E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of itaconic acid (IA) as functionalizing agent on the static mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tensile stress, ultimate properties, and hardness) of core/shell polymers made of styrene and butyl acrylate by a two‐stage microemulsion polymerization process is reported. High‐polymer content (>35 wt%) was obtained in the first stage (seed) by adding more monomer semicontinuously to the parent microemulsion‐latex; however, the characteristics of microemulsion‐made latexes were preserved, that is, nanometer particles (<50 nm) and high molar masses (>2 × 106 g/mol). The IA content in the shell was varied from 0 to 20 wt% with respect to that of the polymer in the shell, either polystyrene or poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). High conversions in both stages (>84 %), final core‐shell latex with relatively high‐polymer content (ca. 20 wt%), and particle with diameters smaller than 78 nm were obtained. The fact that particle size grew from the first (ca. 50 nm) to the second stages (ca. 75 nm) and that the polymers showed two glass transitions suggests that a core shell structure was obtained. The presence of the functionalizing agent (IA) modified the mechanical properties, especially when PBA was in the shell. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mechanical and crystalline properties of monomer casting Nylon‐6/Sio2 composites prepared via in situ polymerization
Authors: Xu Sheng , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of monomer casting (MC) nylon‐6/SiO2 composites were prepared via in situ polymerization. It was found that the tensile strength, storage modulus, and notched charpy impact strength of the composites were improved and reached maximum at 3–5 wt% loading of SiO2. The α relaxation peak corresponding to the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifted to high temperature with increasing SiO2 content. Addition of SiO2 led to an increase of the melting and crystallization temperatures, and crystallinity. It also reduced the induction time of crystallization, advance the crystallization process of MC nylon‐6, and improve the crystal growth rate. The self‐nucleation crystallization analysis indicated that SiO2 particles played the role of facilitating the crystallization of the matrix mainly via accelerating the generation of crystal nucleus. By addition of SiO2 particles, the fracture surface of MC nylon‐6 changed to distant striations with many yield folds accompanied by a large number of stress whitening, displaying much obvious character of tough fracture. SiO2 particles can be pulled‐out under stress by being covered with MC nylon‐6 resin due to strong interfacial interaction and presented a skin–core structure. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Synthesis of high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution poly(acrylonitrile) via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Niu Shaogan , Zhang Lifen , Zhu Jian , Zhang Wei , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWell‐defined polyacrylonitrile (PAN) of high viscosity‐average molecular weight (Mη = 405,100 g/mol) was successfully synthesized using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The polymerization exhibits controlled characters: molecular weights of the resultant PANs increasing approximately linearly with monomer conversion and keeping narrow molecular weight distributions. The addition of 0.01 equiv (relative to monomer acrylonitrile) of Lewis acid AlCl3 in the polymerization system afforded the obtained PAN with an improved isotacticity (by 8%). In addition, the influence of molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of PANs on the morphology of the electrospun fibers was investigated. The results showed that, under the same conditions of electrospinning, average diameter (247–1094 nm) of fibers increased with molecular weights of PANs, and it was much easier to get “uniform” diameter fibers while using PANs with narrow molecular weight distributions as the precursor of electrospinning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Molecular level studies of polymer behaviors at the water interface using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Hankett Jeanne M. , Liu Yuwei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Zhang Chi , Chen Zhan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIndustrial plastics, biomedical polymers and numerous other polymeric systems are contacted with water for everyday functions and after disposal. Probing the interfacial molecular interactions between widely used polymers and water yields valuable information that can be extrapolated to macroscopic polymer/water interfacial behaviors so scientists can better understand polymer bio‐compatibility, hygroscopic tendencies and improve upon beneficial polymer behavior in water. There is an ongoing concerted effort to elucidate the molecular level behaviors of polymers in water by using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). SFG stands out for its utility in probing buried interfaces in situ and in real time without disrupting interfacial chemistry. Included in this review are SFG water interfacial studies performed on poly(methacrylate) and (acrylate)s, poly(dimethyl siloxane)s, poly(ethylene glycol)s, poly(electrolyte)s and other polymer types. The driving forces behind common water/polymer interfacial molecular features will be discussed as well as unique molecular reorientation phenomena and resulting macroscopic behaviors from microscopic polymer rearrangement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Morphology of polylactic acid crystallized during annealing after uniaxial deformation
Authors: Hébert Jean‐Sébastien , Wood‐Adams Paula , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Dubois Charles , Brisson Josée 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUniaxial deformation of amorphous L‐polylactic acid films was performed at two different temperatures at which thermal degradation was minimal, 70 °C or Tg + 10 and 90 °C or Tg + 30. Samples were annealed postdeformation for long times (either 15 or 45 min) to approach equilibrium conditions. Samples deformed and annealed at 70 °C showed low crystallinity and poor crystalline order or crystal size, as determined by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. At 90 °C, high crystallinity and order parameters were observed. In addition, once the oriented chains had crystallized at this temperature, nonoriented chains also underwent crystallization, and a small fraction of nonordered crystal phase was therefore observed after long annealing times. These observations are explained on the basis of different morphologies in samples drawn at the two temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
A pulmonary exacerbation risk score among cystic fibrosis patients not receiving recommended care
Authors: Sawicki Gregory S. , Ayyagari Rajeev , Zhang Jie , Signorovitch James E. , Fan Liangyi , Swallow Elyse , Latremouille‐Viau Dominick , Wu Eric Q. , Shi Lizheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary exacerbations (PEx) lead to substantial morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF), and guidelines recommend chronic medication including dornase alfa and inhaled tobramycin. However PEx risk and medication use vary across patients.ObjectiveTo develop a PEx risk score among CF patients not receiving guideline‐recommended chronic respiratory medications.MethodsA cohort of patients with FEV1%‐predicted between 25% and 75% without evidence of dornase alfa or inhaled tobramycin use in an index year, despite meeting guideline recommended criteria, was identified from the CF Foundation Patient Registry (2002–2008). This sample was randomly split into 2/3 for a development sample and 1/3 for a validation sample. A multivariable risk score was developed to predict PEx requiring hospitalization or home IV treatment using available patient characteristics. Its predictive performance was assessed in the validation sample.ResultsAmong 3,069 patient‐years, 1,275 (42%) had PEx in the subsequent year. The risk score included, in order of decreasing impact on PEx risk, prior PEx,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, depression, methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus, CF‐related diabetes,Burkholderia cepacia, prior use of dornase alfa, bronchodilator use, prior use of inhaled tobramycin and lower FEV1%‐predicted. Stratifying patients by risk score in the validation sample identified actual risks ranging from 14% in the lowest decile to 90% in the highest. The c‐statistic was 0.8.ConclusionsA PEx risk score for CF patients not receiving guideline‐recommended chronic therapies was developed and validated, and identified patients with a wide range of risk. This score could identify high‐risk patients in whom chronic therapies should be initiated or continued.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:954–961.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophobic Nano‐Silica for the Surface Modification of Graphite Flake
Authors: Ning Gongtao , Li Ping , Zhang Tonglai , Zhou Zunning , Li Dongyang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGraphite flake is an electromagnetic interference material of importance for IR screening. In this study, an attempt to improve the performance of graphite flake by coating it with nano‐silica using cyclomix (Hosokawa) and hybridizer (Nara) processes was made. Uncoated and coated graphite flakes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that a more uniform coating was obtained using the hybridizer process. Coated graphite flake with a mass ratio of nano‐silica equal to 5.25 % exhibited the best hydrophobic properties. The test chamber experiments demonstrated that the deposition velocity of coated graphite flake decreased from 0.227 cm s−1 to 0.187 cm s−1 and its IR interference performance was improved, compared with uncoated graphite flake. The obtained results showed that the coatings on the graphite flake powder with hydrophobic nano‐silica enhanced the moisture resistance and electromagnetic interference performance of the graphite flake.