bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“They're sufferin' the same things we're sufferin'”: Ideology and Racism in the Federal Theatre Project'sThe Sun Rises in the West
Authors: Brady Amy 
Published: December 2014

Myth hides nothing: its function is to distort.—Roland BarthesIn Los Angeles, California, the home of the nation's second largest Federal Theatre Project (FTP), a group of FTP artists spent over a year developingThe Sun Rises in the West, a popular and critically well-received but forgotten play about the Dust Bowl migration and its effects on California's agricultural valleys. The play was mounted by the Southwest Theatre Unit (SWTU), an experimental branch of the Los Angeles Federal Theatre Project that worked as a collective to produce plays independently of the FTP's more mainstream endeavors. The SWTU attracted ample publicity during the latter half of the 1930s for its experimental, politically charged material, but because the group's artistic record has been buried for decades in government and university archives, much critical work remains to be done on its contributions to theatre history. This essay seeks to remedy this gap with a brief sketch of the SWTU as an avant-garde force in Los Angeles and an analysis of the SWTU's original play,The Sun Rises in the West.
The impact of first language background and visual information on the effectiveness of low-variability input
Authors: FULGA ANGELICA , McDONOUGH KIM 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether first language (L1) background and visual information impact the effectiveness of skewed and balanced input at promoting pattern detection. Participants (N= 84) were exposed to Esperanto sentences with the transitive construction under skewed (one noun with high token frequency) or balanced (equal token frequency) input conditions while viewing either color or black-and-white visuals. Their ability to detect the relevant morphological and syntactic features of the transitive construction was tested through a forced-judgment task using novel nouns. The results indicated no significant main effect for visual information or input type. There was, however, a significant main effect for L1 on learners’ detection of the novel pattern. Implications are discussed in terms of the potential effect of L1-specific transitive encodings on second language speakers’ ability to abstract novel patterns.
Simulation of risk of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in hospitals of an intermediate incidence country
Authors: OCHOA J. , HINCAPIÉ-PALACIO D. , SEPÚLVEDA H. , RUIZ D. , MOLINA A. , ECHEVERRI S. , LEÓN A. L. , ESCOMBE A. R. , ARBELÁEZ M. P. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYWe simulated the frequency of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in order to classify the risk of TB transmission for nine hospitals in Medellín, Colombia. We used a risk assessment approach to estimate the average number of infections in three risk groups of a cohort of 1082 workers exposed to potentially infectious patients over 10- and 20-day periods. The risk level of the hospitals was classified according to TB prevalence: two of the hospitals were ranked as being of very high priority, six as high priority and one as low priority. Consistent results were obtained when the simulation was validated in two hospitals by studying 408 healthcare workers using interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin testing. The latent infection prevalence using laboratory tests was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 34·3–47·7] and 44% (95% CI 36·4–51·0) in those hospitals, and in the simulation, it was 40·7% (95% CI 32·3–49·0) and 36% (95% CI 27·9–44·0), respectively. Simulation of risk may be useful as a tool to classify local and regional hospitals according to their risk of nosocomial TB transmission, and to facilitate the design of hospital infection control plans.
Arrhythmias in paediatric valvar disease
Authors: Decker Jamie A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractValvar heart disease can be complicated by hemodynamic derangements, depending on the degree of the abnormality. Stenosis causes pressure overload of the chamber draining through the valve and regurgitation results in volume overload. Many lesions have a component of both, resulting in both pressure and volume overload. Increased wall stress causes myocardial stretching and fibrosis, resulting in scarring; a nidus for arrhythmia development. Arrhythmias can complicate the clinical picture and increase the morbidity and mortality in patients with both congenital and acquired valvar disease. In adults with congenital heart disease, arrhythmias are the most common cause of sudden death, followed by heart failure. Valvar stenosis and insufficiency certainly contribute to this. This article highlights the need for arrhythmia surveillance for high-risk valvar lesions.
Repairing the tricuspid valve in congenital heart diseases other than Ebstein’s
Authors: Dodge-Khatami Ali , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Frost Jennifer , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Mavroudis Constantine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe tricuspid valve is being increasingly recognised as an important safeguard to the heart with congenital heart disease. Both structural anomalies of the valve and functional burdens from other malformations of the right heart can lead to major haemodynamic consequences both upstream and downstream. The indications to surgically intervene on the tricuspid valve are evolving and vary depending on the malformation. The extant surgical techniques and their applications to corresponding frequent congenital anomalies of the tricuspid valve are reviewed.
Pulmonary valve preservation and restoration strategies for repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine D. , Frost Jennifer , Mavroudis Constantine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite tremendous advances in surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot, augmenting the small right ventricular outflow tract remains a challenge. Transannular patch augmentation revolutionised surgical management, but did so at the expense of rendering patients with pulmonary insufficiency and the resulting problems associated therewith. Recent surgical efforts have focused on pulmonary valve preservation at initial correction and pulmonary valve restoration after transannular patching, with favourable results. In this manuscript, we review methods of pulmonary valve preservation and restoration.
A three-step technique for repair of rheumatic disease of the mitral valve
Authors: Thomas Matthew P. , Badhwar Vinay 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:This manuscript presents a technically straightforward technique to allow for mitral valve repair in the patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This non-resection technique allows for the correction of both mitral stenosis and regurgitation without requiring complex subvalvar procedures and eliminates the concerns for postoperative systolic anterior motion. The authors feel this three-part technique of bi-commissural release, anterior leaflet augmentation, and oversized annuloplasty may allow for a more reproducible approach to repair of the rheumatic mitral valve.
The Ross, Konno, and Ross–Konno operations for congenital left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOperations for left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities are centred on hemodynamic conditions that relate to subvalvar stenosis, valvar stenosis/regurgitation, aortic annular hypoplasia, and supravalvar aortic stenosis. Operative interventions over the years have evolved because the intervening outcomes proved to be unsatisfactory. The resection for subvalvar aortic stenosis has progressed from a fibrous “membrane” resection to a more extensive fibromuscular resection. Operative solutions for valvar aortic stenosis and regurgitation have resulted in operative interventions that depend on simple commissurotomy, leaflet extensions, prosthetic mechanical valve replacement, biologic valve replacement, including the pulmonary autograft, and operations to treat aortic annular stenosis. Although there are enthusiastic proponents for all of these strategies, the fact remains that none have proven to be curative; patients can expect to undergo further procedures during their lifetimes. The short- and mid-term solutions to these left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities have improved based on operations that have been attended by increasing operative complexity. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the operative steps of the Ross operation, the Konno–Rastan operation, the modified Konno operation, the Ross–Konno operation, and the modified Ross–Konno operation.
Echocardiography of congenital mitral valve disorders: echocardiographic–morphological comparisons
Authors: Silverman Norman H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI surveyed our echocardiographic database of the years between 1998 and 2012 for congenital abnormalities of the mitral valve in patients over 14 years. A total of 249 patients with mitral valve abnormalities were identified. Abnormalities included clefts in the mitral valve in 58 patients, double orifice of the mitral valve in 19, mitral stenosis with two papillary muscles in 72, and mitral stenosis with one papillary muscle in 51 patients. Supravalvar rings were found in 35 patients with a single papillary muscle, and mitral stenoses with two papillary muscles were found in 22 patients. Mitral prolapse occurred in 44 patients and mitral valvar straddle in five patients. The patients were evaluated by all modalities of ultrasound available over the course of time. Although some lesions were isolated, there were many lesions in which more than one mitral deformity presented in the same patient. The patients are presented showing anatomical correlation with autopsy specimens, some of which came from the patients in this series, and others matched to show correlative anatomy. These lesions remain rare as a group and continue to have high morbidity and mortality.
Race and the Tea Party in the Old Dominion: Split-Ticket Voting in the 2013 Virginia Elections
Authors: Hood M. V. , Kidd Quentin , Morris Irwin L. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2013, Virginia Republicans nominated two Tea Party conservatives for statewide office: Ken Cuccinelli and Earl Walker Jackson, Sr. They differed in two significant respects: (1) Cuccinelli has more political experience, and (2) Cuccinelli is white and Jackson is black. For this article, we used this quasi-experimental opportunity to examine the racial resentment explanation for Tea Party support. We found no evidence of voting patterns consistent with this characterization of Tea Party supporters. There was no significant gap between Tea Party support for Cuccinelli and Jackson, and Tea Party supporters were far more likely to cast ballots for both candidates than they were to choose one or the other. In fact, we found that racial resentment ispositivelyassociated with support for Jackson. In this election, neither Tea Party support nor racial resentment negatively affected support for the black Republican candidate for lieutenant governor.
Modulating the serotonin system in the treatment of major depressive disorder
Authors: Morrissette Debbi Ann , Stahl Stephen M. 
Published: December 2014

Learning Objective: Discuss the theory of modulation of receptor activity or the blockade of the reuptake of multiple neurotransmitter systems for the future treatment of MDD.Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and often crippling psychiatric illness with a high risk of relapse and treatment resistance. In this article, we discuss the role of the serotonergic system in MDD including our current understanding of how various serotonin (5HT) receptors modulate monoamine neurotransmission and behavior. We also discuss how pharmacologic interventions, including novel and existing antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics, may be utilized to adjust serotonergic neurotransmission and provide more effective treatments for patients with MDD.
‘Sustainability does not quite get the attention it deserves’: synergies and tensions in the sustainability frames of Australian food policy actors
Authors: Trevena Helen , Kaldor Jenny Claire , Downs Shauna M 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe development of food policy is strongly influenced by the understanding and position actors adopt in their ‘framing’ of sustainability. The Australian Government developed a National Food Plan (2010–2013). In public consultations on the National Food Plan Green Paper, the government sought stakeholders’ views on sustainability. The present study examined the way in which the food industry and civil society organizations framed sustainability in their submissions to the Green Paper.DesignSubmissions by food industry actors and civil society organizations were analysed using a framing matrix that examined positioning, drivers, underlying principles and policy solutions related to sustainability. Submissions were open coded and subsequently organized based on themes within the framing matrix.SettingAustralia.SubjectsOne hundred and twenty-four written submissions (1420 pages).ResultsWhile submissions from industry and civil society organizations often framed sustainability similarly, there were also major differences. Civil society organizations were more likely to make the link between the food supply and population health, while industry was more likely to focus on economic sustainability. Both viewed consumer demand as a driver of sustainability, welcomed the idea of a whole-of-government approach and stressed the need for investment in research and development to improve productivity and sustainable farming practices.ConclusionsThe meaning of sustainability shifted throughout the policy process. There are opportunities for creating shared value in food policy, where the health, environment and economic dimensions of sustainability can be compatible. However, despite pockets of optimism there is a need for a shared vision of sustainability if Australia is to have a food policy integrating these dimensions.
POSTRACIAL POLITICS?
Authors: Liu Baodong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the claim that the historical election of Barack Obama demonstrated a new era of postracial politics in America (Ceaser et al., 2009). Drawing on arguments in the recent American political development literature (King and Smith, 2005; Novkov 2008), this research proposes a racial tension theory to link Obama’s White voter support to the deep-seated racial tension at the state level. In doing so, a theoretic and empirical solution is offered to solve the problem of high correlations between the major contextual variables measuring Black density (Key 1949), racial diversity (Hero 1998), state political culture (Elazar 1984), and social capital (Putnam 2000). The converged findings based on multiple methods clearly show that the state-level White support for Obama in both 2008 and 2012 was directly related to the racial tension of a state. In contrast, racial tension did not affect the White vote for John Kerry, the Democratic nominee in the 2004 Presidential election.
RACE COGNIZANCE AND COLORBLINDNESS
Authors: Vasquez Jessica M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLatino racial/ethnic intermarriage has grown over time, increases with each generation in the United States, and occurs most frequently with non-Hispanic Whites. This article answers the question: How does intermarriage change racial/ethnic consciousness for both partners? Drawing on in-depth interviews with thirty intermarried Latinos and non-Hispanic Whites, I critique assimilation, Whiteness, and colorblindness theories, finding two predominant racial consciousness outcomes of intermarriage: race cognizance and racial colorblindness. First, intermarriage can enhance Whites’ understanding of race/ethnicity and racism, a phenomenon I call race cognizance. Second, intermarriage can produce colorblind discourse that focuses on similarity, yet in ways inconsistent with colorblind racism. Racial consciousness varies by ethnicity: most intermarried Whites reported race cognizance, an outcome unforeseen by traditional theories of integration, whereas Latinos more often espoused colorblindness. These understandings are used in different contexts: race cognizance is stimulated by the public domain, whereas colorblindness is evoked in private space. These findings demonstrate that racial consciousness is fluid, and influenced by intermarriage and ethnicity.
Enhancement of a robust arcuate GABAergic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in a model of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Moore Aleisha M. , Prescott Mel , Marshall Christopher J. , Yip Siew Hoong , Campbell Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2014

SignificancePolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Although the etiology of PCOS is unclear, disrupted central mechanisms mediating steroid hormone feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons have been suggested. We describe here, in a mouse model reflecting the clinical neuroendocrine phenotype of PCOS, evidence for disordered progesterone (P4)-sensitive GABAergic input to GnRH neurons, originating specifically within the arcuate nucleus. These discoveries define a previously unidentified neuronal pathway, potentially critical for the steroid hormone feedback control of fertility. Of clinical relevance, our findings help explain the impact of GABA agonist drugs on menstrual cycle irregularity and interference with oral contraceptives and could be the basis for understanding clinical therapies of PCOS.
Subunit determination of the conductance of hair-cell mechanotransducer channels
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Xiong Wei , Zhao Bo , Müller Ulrich , Fettiplace Robert 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Cochlear hair cells are sensory receptors of the inner ear that detect sound via opening of mechanically sensitive transduction channels at the tips of the eponymous hairs. The conductance of the channel increases two-fold along the cochlea, but neither its molecular structure nor mechanism of tonotopic variation is known. We show that when either of two deafness-linked proteins, transmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) and tetraspan membrane protein of hair cell stereocilia (TMHS, also known as lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5, LHFPL5) is knocked out, the conductance variation is lost. Furthermore, the effect of LHFPL5 is attributable to down-regulation of TMC1, suggesting that titrating the TMC1 content of the channel modulates its conductance. Evidence indicates that both proteins interact with the mechanotransduction channel and also with protocadherin-15, a component of the extracellular tip link that applies force to the channel.
Expected Problem Drinker Possible Self: Predictor of Alcohol Problems and Tobacco use in Adolescents
Authors: Lee Chia-Kuei , Corte Colleen , Stein Karen F. , Finnegan Lorna , McCreary Linda L. , Park Chang G. 
Published: December 2014

Background Alcohol and tobacco use commonly co-occur in adolescents. According to the cross-substance facilitation of information processing hypothesis, cognitive structures related to one substance increase use of another related substance through enhanced cognitive processing. In this study, the authors test this hypothesis by determining whether a problem drinker “possible self” in 8th grade predicts alcohol and tobacco use in 9th grade. Methods A secondary data analysis of a 12-month longitudinal dataset was conducted. The outcome variables were alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and tobacco use in 9th grade. The main predictor of interest was presence of an expected problem drinker possible self in 8th grade. Zero-inflated gamma regression, zero-inflated negative binomial regression, and logistic regression were used. Results Among 137 adolescents, controlling for known family, parent, and peer determinants, and corresponding 8th grade behavior, having an expected problem drinker possible self in 8th grade predicted alcohol problems, but not level of alcohol consumption in 9th grade. Moreover, the expected problem drinker possible self in 8th grade predicted tobacco use in 9th grade, controlling for known determinants and concurrent alcohol problems. Conclusions Findings provide support for the cross-substance facilitation hypothesis, suggesting that interventions designed to modify the expected problem drinker possible self may reduce not only adolescent alcohol use but also tobacco use. Further studies are needed to determine whether smoking content is embedded in a drinking cognition or 2 separate but related drinking and smoking cognitions account for the association between alcohol and tobacco use.
Corporate Social Responsibility: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Moon Jeremy 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been defined as ‘the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’. Is CSR a contradiction in terms? Corporate Social Responsibility: A Very Short Introduction shows that CSR holds much more value than it first appears, and shows how it has come of age in recent years. Illustrating the sorts of CSR investments companies make, the ways in which they practice CSR, and the challenges this brings, it considers how the principles migrated from their US roots to become a global business phenomenon. Exploring the place of CSR in different economic, social, political, and managerial contexts, this VSI considers the many positives that CSR can present.
Anticancer activity using positron emission tomography‐computed tomography and pharmacokinetics of β‐eudesmol in human cholangiocarcinoma xenografted nude mouse model
Authors: Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Karbwang Juntra , Na‐Bangchang Kesara 
Published: December 2014

SummaryCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important public health problem in several parts of South East Asia, particularly in Thailand. The limited availability of effective diagnostic tools for early stage CCA, including chemotherapeutic options, constitutes a major problem for treatment and control of CCA. The aim of the present study was to assess the anti‐CCA activity and pharmacokinetics of β‐eudesmol in CCA‐xenografted nude mouse model and healthy mice. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose was used for detecting and monitoring tumour development, and PET‐CT with technetium‐99m was used to investigate its pharmacokinetics property. Results support the role of PET‐CT as a potential tool for detecting and monitoring the progress of lung metastasis. Tumour size and lung metastasis were significantly inhibited by 91.6% (of baseline) and 95% (of total lung mass), respectively, following treatment with high‐dose β‐eudesmol (100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days). Survival time was prolonged by 64.4% compared with untreated controls. Systemic clearance of the compound was rapid, particularly during the first 60 min. The compound was distributed to the vital organs at maximum levels 2 h after oral administration and 15 min after intravenous injection. Results from the present study suggest the potential of β‐eudesmol as a promising candidate for further development as an anti‐CCA drug with respect to its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. PET‐CT, with radiotracers 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and technetium‐99m, was shown to be a reliable tool in the investigation of anti‐CCA and pharmacokinetic properties of β‐eudesmol in CCA‐xenografted and healthy mice.
Communication between nurses and physicians: Strategies to surviving in the emergency department trenches
Authors: Abourbih Daniel , Armstrong Sherry , Nixon Kirsty , Ackery Alun D 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe emergency department (ED) is a challenging and stressful work environment where communication lapses can lead to negative health outcomes. This article offers strategies to Emergency Medicine residents, nurses and staff physicians on how to improve communication to optimize patient care.