bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Evaluation of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris in Asymptomatic Tennis Players
Authors: Sole Joshua S. , Wisniewski Steve J. , Newcomer Karen L. , Maida Eugene , Smith Jay 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of structural abnormalities and instability affecting the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendons of asymptomatic recreational tennis players by the use of high‐resolution ultrasonography.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingAcademic sports medicine center.ParticipantsTwenty‐six asymptomatic, recreational male and female tennis players.MethodsA single, experienced operator completed bilateral static and dynamic ultrasound examinations of the ECU tendons of 26 asymptomatic, long‐term, recreational tennis players ages 26‐61 years (11 male, 15 female, average 24.4 ± 14.2 years of tennis participation). Tendons were evaluated for tendinosis and tearing, tendon sheath effusion and tenosynovitis, and instability via a standardized scanning protocol and predetermined diagnostic criteria.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe prevalence of static structural ECU tendon abnormalities (eg, tendinosis, tenosynovitis, tears) and dynamic ECU instability (eg, subluxation, dislocation).ResultsThirty‐nine of 52 wrists (75%) demonstrated static ECU tendon abnormalities, the most common finding being a partial‐thickness tear located just distal to the ulnar groove. Overall, 92% (24/26) of players exhibited tendinosis or tearing in at least one wrist. Dynamic ECU instability was detected in 42% of wrists (22/52) and 91% (20/22) of the time manifested as subluxation. Only 2 ECU tendon dislocations were observed, both occurring in the same individual. Overall, 73% (19/26) of players exhibited ECU instability in at least one wrist. There was no relationship between static and dynamic ECU tendon abnormalities within the methodological limits of the investigation. Complete ECU tearing, tendon sheath effusion, tenosynovitis, and static dislocation were not seen in any wrist.ConclusionSonographic evidence of ECU tendinosis, partial‐thickness tearing, full‐thickness tearing, and subluxation can be seen in long‐term, asymptomatic, recreational tennis players, whereas tendon sheath effusions, tenosynovitis, and tendon dislocation are uncommon. Further research is warranted to determine the clinical significance of asymptomatic ECU tendon abnormalities among long‐term tennis players at multiple skill levels.
DISTRIBUTION OF DATE PALMS IN THE MIDDLE EAST BASED ON FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS
Authors: SHABANI FARZIN , KUMAR LALIT , TAYLOR SUBHASHNI 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYOne consequence of climate change is change in the phenology and distribution of plants, including the date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.). Date palm, as a crop specifically adapted to arid conditions in desert oases and to very high temperatures, may be dramatically affected by climate changes. Some areas that are climatically suitable for date palm growth at the present time will become climatically unsuitable in the future, while other areas that are unsuitable under current climate will become suitable in the future. This study used CLIMEX to estimate potential date palm distribution under current and future climate scenarios using one emission scenario (A2) with two different global climate models (GCMs), CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR). The results of this study indicated that Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran are most affected countries as a result of climate change. In Saudi Arabia, 129 million ha (68%) of currently suitable area is projected to become unsuitable by 2100. However, this is based on climate modelling alone. The actual decrease in area may be much smaller when abiotic and other factors are taken into account. On the other hand, 13 million ha (33%) of currently unsuitable area is projected to become suitable by 2100 in Iran. Additionally, by 2050, Israel, Jordan and western Syria will become climatically more suitable. Cold and heat stresses will play a significant role in date palm distribution in the future. These results can inform strategic planning by government and agricultural organizations to identify areas for cultivation of this profitable crop in the future, and to address those areas that will need greater attention because they are becoming marginal regions for date palm cultivation.
DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF BRAZILIAN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS SIMULATED BY A SIMPLE AGROMETEOROLOGICAL YIELD MODEL
Authors: BATTISTI R. , SENTELHAS P. C. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate a simple crop yield model for 101 Brazilian soybean cultivars, and through the calibrated water deficit sensitivity index (Ky) to classify groups of cultivars in relation to drought tolerance. The cultivars’ actual yield was obtained from field experiments conducted by Pro-Seeds Foundation in 17 locations in southern Brazil from 2008 to 2011. Daily weather data were obtained from the government weather networks and rainfall was recorded at each experimental location. The crop yield model FAO–Agroecological zone was used to estimate potential yield (Yp), while the water deficit yield depletion model was used to estimate actual yield (Ya) and to determine Ky. Calibrated Ky values were used in a cluster analysis to determine groups of soybean cultivars with the same degree of drought tolerance. The crop yield model performed very well with lower values of mean absolute error (284 kg ha−1) and mean error (7 kg ha−1). The Ky values of 0.97, 0.90, 0.88 and 0.78 were obtained for the most sensitive soybean phenological phase to water deficit (flowering/yield formation), and were used to identify the groups of low, medium-low, medium-high and high drought tolerance respectively. In spite of Ky differences in cultivar groups, harvest index (CH) also varied, ranging from 0.31 to 0.35 for the group of high to low drought tolerance. The crop yield model proved to be an efficient tool for identifying drought tolerance of Brazilian soybean cultivars and for choosing the best cultivar for a given environment.
The Secret Success of Nonproliferation Sanctions
Authors: Miller Nicholas L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBuilding on the rationalist literature on sanctions, this article argues that economic and political sanctions are a successful tool of nonproliferation policy, but that selection effects have rendered this success largely hidden. Since the late 1970s—when the United States made the threat of sanctions credible through congressional legislation and began regularly employing sanctions against proliferating states—sanctions have been ineffective in halting ongoing nuclear weapons programs, but they have succeeded in deterring states from starting nuclear weapons programs in the first place and have thus contributed to a decline in the rate of nuclear pursuit. The logic of the argument is simple: rational leaders assess the risk of sanctions before initiating a nuclear weapons program, which produces a selection effect whereby states highly vulnerable to sanctions are deterred from starting nuclear weapons programs in the first place, so long as the threat is credible. Vulnerability is a function of a state's level of economic and security dependence on the United States—states with greater dependence have more to lose from US sanctions and are more likely to be sensitive to US-sponsored norms. The end result of this selection effect is that since the late 1970s, only insulated, inward-looking regimes have pursued nuclear weapons and become the target of imposed sanctions, thus rendering the observed success rate of nonproliferation sanctions low. I find support for the argument based on statistical analysis of a global sample of countries from 1950 to 2000, an original data set of US nonproliferation sanctions episodes, and qualitative analysis of the South Korean and Taiwanese nuclear weapons programs.
Should we use fingerbreadth measurements in submandibular gland surgery? A critical appraisal of the technique
Authors: Smyth C , Jackson C , Smith C , Adair R 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectives:Having observed variation in the breadth of surgeons' fingers whilst they are placing the incision for submandibular gland surgery, we aimed to examine this technique of incision siting, quantify the differences in fingerbreadths and consider any consequences of variability.Methods:Surgeons trained in salivary gland surgery were questioned on their method of incision placement for submandibular gland surgery. The breadth of index and middle fingers were subsequently measured using Vernier calipers.Results:The majority of surgeons use a measure of two fingerbreadths below the mandible in planning their approach to the submandibular gland. There is a significant difference in the size of surgeons' fingers, particularly between men and women (mean, 4.2 cm vs 3.6 cm).Conclusion:Fingerbreadth measurements are somewhat arbitrary, with significant inter-surgeon variability. However, based on the results of cadaveric studies, the findings indicate that the technique is safe for marking the incision in submandibular surgery.
Intraductal pressure during sialendoscopy
Authors: Luers J C , Ortmann M , Beutner D , Hüttenbrink K B 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground:Sialendoscopy can be followed by swelling and infection of the salivary gland. A possible pathomechanism is damage of the deeper salivary duct system by intraductal pressure generated by the irrigation fluid.Method:After measuring the physiological intraductal pressures which arise during sialendoscopy, these pressures were simulated in freshly excised salivary glands and the tissue was analysed histologically.Results:Normal intraductal filling pressure during sialendoscopy is 100–250 daPa, and pressure peaks can be up to 2000 daPa during flushing. A filling pressure of more than 400 daPa results in dilatation of the salivary ducts and acinar area. No direct damage to any duct structures could be observed histologically.Conclusion:Irrigation fluid should be administered intermittently rather than continuously during sialendoscopy. The intraductal filling pressure should not exceed 400 daPa to minimise the trauma to the salivary duct system and reduce the risk of developing oedema and inflammation.
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy for disabling vertigo after cochlear implantation
Authors: Tutar H , Tutar V B , Gunduz B , Bayazit Y A 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjective:To document the use of transmastoid labyrinthectomy in the treatment of disabling vertigo after unilateral cochlear implantation.Methods:A 58-year-old man with severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss secondary to chronic otitis media underwent cochlear implantation in his right ear with a Pulsar Med-El device. The surgery was uneventful and the electrode was positioned correctly. He had episodic vertigo three months after implant surgery, and medical treatment and aggressive vestibular rehabilitation did not relieve the vertigo attacks.Results:Right transmastoid labyrinthectomy was performed one year after cochlear implantation. The patient's symptoms were immediately relieved, and cochlear implant function was not adversely affected at follow up after three years.Conclusion:Transmastoid labyrinthectomy seems to be an effective, safe method for ablating the vestibular end organ after unilateral cochlear implantation.
A cat among the dogs: leopardPanthera pardusdiet in a human-dominated landscape in western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Athreya Vidya , Odden Morten , Linnell John D. C. , Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Karanth K. Ullas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe ecology and predator–prey dynamics of large felids in the tropics have largely been studied in natural systems where wild ungulates constitute the majority of the prey base. However, human-dominated landscapes can be rich in potential prey for large carnivores because of the high density of domestic animals, especially in tropical countries where pastoralism is an important livelihood activity. We report the almost complete dependence of leopardsPanthera parduson domestic animals as prey in the crop lands of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. From analysis of 85 confirmed leopard scats, 87% of the leopard's prey biomass consisted of domestic animals, with 39% consisting of domestic dogsCanis lupus familiarisalone. The only wild species that occurred in the leopard's diet were rodents, small indian civetViverricula indica, bonnet macaqueMacaca radiataand other primatesSemnopithecusspp., mongooseHerpestesspp., and birds. Interviews conducted in 77 households distributed randomly in the study area documented a high density of domestic animals: adult cattleBos taurus, calves, goatsCapra aegagrus, dogs and catsFelis catusoccurred at densities of 169, 54, 174, 24 and 61 per km2, respectively. Ivlev's electivity index indicated that dogs and cats were over-represented in the leopard's diet, given the higher densities of goats and cattle. The standing biomass of dogs and cats alone was sufficient to sustain the high density of carnivores at the study site. Our results show that the abundance of potential domestic prey biomass present in human-use areas supports a relatively high density of predators, although this interaction could result in conflict with humans.
Using Poison Center Data for Postdisaster Surveillance
Authors: Wolkin Amy , Schnall Amy H. , Law Royal , Schier Joshua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe role of public health surveillance in disaster response continues to expand as timely, accurate information is needed to mitigate the impact of disasters. Health surveillance after a disaster involves the rapid assessment of the distribution and determinants of disaster-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries in the affected population. Public health disaster surveillance is one mechanism that can provide information to identify health problems faced by the affected population, establish priorities for decision makers, and target interventions to meet specific needs. Public health surveillance traditionally relies on a wide variety of data sources and methods. Poison center (PC) data can serve as data sources of chemical exposures and poisonings during a disaster. In the US, a system of 57 regional PCs serves the entire population. Poison centers respond to poison-related questions from the public, health care professionals, and public health agencies. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses PC data during disasters for surveillance of disaster-related toxic exposures and associated illnesses to enhance situational awareness during disaster response and recovery. Poison center data can also be leveraged during a disaster by local and state public health to supplement existing surveillance systems. Augmenting traditional surveillance data (ie, emergency room visits and death records) with other data sources, such as PCs, allows for better characterization of disaster-related morbidity and mortality. Poison center data can be used during a disaster to detect outbreaks, monitor trends, track particular exposures, and characterize the epidemiology of the event. This timely and accurate information can be used to inform public health decision making during a disaster and mitigate future disaster-related morbidity and mortality.WolkinA,SchnallAH,LawR,SchierJ.Using poison center data for postdisaster surveillance.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-4.
Inverse association between social support and household food insecurity in a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Interlenghi Gabriela dos Santos , Salles-Costa Rosana 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the association between perceived social support and household food insecurity (HFI).DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingA population-based study with a representative sample of households from a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, conducted in 2010. HFI was estimated with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Social support was assessed using the adapted and validated Brazilian version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social support and HFI, adjusting for potential confounders.SubjectsAdults (n 1022) aged 19–60 years old (27 % men, 73 % women) who were responsible for feeding the household.ResultsIndividuals with high scores of social support were less likely to experience moderate HFI (OR=0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99) and severe HFI (OR=0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·98).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that social support may contribute to reducing HFI in populations vulnerable to poverty. Strategies to increase social relationships should be encouraged in this group to enhance their perceived social support.
Resonant Frequency and Sensitivity of a Caliper Formed With Assembled Cantilever Probes Based on the Modified Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad , Afkhami Seyed E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe resonant frequency and sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an assembled cantilever probe (ACP) is analyzed utilizing strain gradient theory, and then the governing equation and boundary conditions are derived by a combination of the basic equations of strain gradient theory and Hamilton’s principle. The resonant frequency and sensitivity of the proposed AFM microcantilever are then obtained numerically. The proposed ACP includes a horizontal cantilever, two vertical extensions, and two tips located at the free ends of the extensions that form a caliper. As one of the extensions is located between the clamped and free ends of the AFM microcantilever, the cantilever is modeled as two beams. The results of the current model are compared with those evaluated by both modified couple stress and classical beam theories. The difference in results evaluated by the strain gradient theory and those predicted by the couple stress and classical beam theories is significant, especially when the microcantilever thickness is approximately the same as the material length-scale parameters. The results also indicate that at the low values of contact stiffness, scanning in the higher cantilever modes decrease the accuracy of the proposed AFM ACP.
The landscape of kinase fusions in cancer
Authors: Stransky Nicolas , Cerami Ethan , Schalm Stefanie , Kim Joseph L. , Lengauer Christoph 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHuman cancer genomes harbour a variety of alterations leading to the deregulation of key pathways in tumour cells. The genomic characterization of tumours has uncovered numerous genes recurrently mutated, deleted or amplified, but gene fusions have not been characterized as extensively. Here we develop heuristics for reliably detecting gene fusion events in RNA-seq data and apply them to nearly 7,000 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We thereby are able to discover several novel and recurrent fusions involving kinases. These findings have immediate clinical implications and expand the therapeutic options for cancer patients, as approved or exploratory drugs exist for many of these kinases.
Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae and Its Prevalence in the Australian Population
Authors: French Heath D. , Somasundaram Arjuna J. , Schaefer Nathan R. , Laherty Richard W. 
Published: September 2014

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are a common congenital anomaly, and they can be accurately identified on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the lumbosacral spine. This study attempts to determine the prevalence of this congenital anomaly and to increase awareness among all clinicians to reduce the risk of surgical and procedural errors in patients with LSTV. Methods A retrospective review of 5,941 AP and lateral lumbar radiographs was performed. Transitional vertebrae were identified and categorized under the Castellvi classification. Results The prevalence of LSTV in the study population was 9.9%. Lumbarized S1 and sacralized L5 were seen in 5.8 and 4.1% of patients, respectively. Conclusion LSTV are a common normal variant and can be a factor in spinal surgery at incorrect levels. It is essential that all clinicians are aware of this common congenital anomaly.
Potential rare earth free permanent magnet: interstitial boron doped FeCo
Authors: Khan Imran , Hong Jisang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, we investigated the structural and the magnetic properties of boron doped FeCo. After fully relaxing the lattice structure, the interatomic distances between boron and Fe atoms were found to be greatly enhanced and the tetragonal distortion was realized due to this increased interatomic distance. Nonetheless, both the unit cell volume and the total magnetic moment of the tetragonally distorted FeCo structure were weakly suppressed compared with those of ideal bulk FeCo. We found a magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of 0.8 MJ m−3 and this was mainly due to the tetragonal distortion induced by boron impurity, not from the hybridization effect with Fe or Co, because no essential change in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant was found even without boron impurity in the lattice distorted system. Additionally, the estimated maximum energy product and coercive field were 100 MGOe and 745 kA m−1, respectively. These results may imply that the interstitial boron doped FeCo can be used for a potential rare earth free permanent magnet although those values are likely to be suppressed in real samples due to micromagnetic factors.
Effect of Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade with Sugammadex versus Usual Care on Bleeding Risk in a Randomized Study of Surgical Patients
Authors: Rahe-Meyer Niels , Fennema Hein , Schulman Sam , Klimscha Walter , Przemeck Michael , Blobner Manfred , Wulf Hinnerk , Speek Marcel , McCrary Sisk Christine , Williams-Herman Debora , Woo Tiffany , Szegedi Armin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies show a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in healthy volunteers after treatment with sugammadex. The authors investigated the effect of sugammadex on postsurgical bleeding and coagulation variables.

Methods:
This randomized, double-blind trial enrolled patients receiving thromboprophylaxis and undergoing hip or knee joint replacement or hip fracture surgery. Patients received sugammadex 4 mg/kg or usual care (neostigmine or spontaneous recovery) for reversal of rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel method, stratified by thromboprophylaxis and renal status, was used to estimate relative risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) of bleeding events with sugammadex versus usual care. Safety was further evaluated by prespecified endpoints and adverse event reporting.

Results:
Of 1,198 patients randomized, 1,184 were treated (sugammadex n = 596, usual care n = 588). Bleeding events within 24 h (classified by an independent, blinded Adjudication Committee) were reported in 17 (2.9%) sugammadex and 24 (4.1%) usual care patients (relative risk [95% CI], 0.70 [0.38 to 1.29]). Compared with usual care, increases of 5.5% in activated partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.001) and 3.0% in prothrombin time (P < 0.001) from baseline with sugammadex occurred 10 min after administration and resolved within 60 min. There were no significant differences between sugammadex and usual care for other blood loss measures (transfusion, 24-h drain volume, drop in hemoglobin, and anemia), or risk of venous thromboembolism, and no cases of anaphylaxis.

Conclusion:
Sugammadex produced limited, transient (<1 h) increases in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time but was not associated with increased risk of bleeding versus usual care.