bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-joint coordination with and without dopaminergic medication in Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study
Authors: Saegner Karolina , Romijnders Robbin , Hansen Clint , Holder Jana , Warmerdam Elke , Maetzler Walter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
How the joints exactly move and interact and how this reflects PD-related gait abnormalities and the response to dopaminergic treatment is poorly understood. A detailed understanding of these kinematics can inform clinical management and treatment decisions. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of different gait speeds and medication on/off conditions on inter-joint coordination, as well as kinematic differences throughout the whole gait cycle in well characterized pwPD.

Methods
29 controls and 29 PD patients during medication on, 8 of them also during medication off walked a straight walking path in slow, preferred and fast walking speeds. Gait data was collected using optical motion capture system. Kinematics of the hip and knee and coordinated hip-knee kinematics were evaluated using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and cyclograms (angle-angle plots). Values derived from cyclograms were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA for within group, and ttest for between group comparisons.

Results
PD gait differed from controls mainly by lower knee range of motion (ROM). Adaptation to gait speed in PD was mainly achieved by increasing hip ROM. Regularity of gait was worse in PD but only during preferred speed. The ratios of different speed cyclograms were smaller in the PD groups. SPM analyses revealed that PD participants had smaller hip and knee angles during the swing phase, and PD participants reached peak hip flexion later than controls. Withdrawal of medication showed an exacerbation of only a few parameters.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the potential of granular kinematic analyses, including > 1 joint, for disease and treatment monitoring in PD. Our approach can be extended to further mobility-limiting conditions and other joint combinations.

Trial registration
The study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00022998, registered on 04 Sep 2020).
Ablation apprentices and their first experience of pulmonary vein isolation procedure on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with different sheaths
Authors: Liu Ye , Song Jingjing , Wang Siyu , Liu Lifeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Zheng , Wang Yuxing , Zhao Lei , Yang Xinchun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed at exploring how using different kinds of sheaths will affect the very first ablation procedure of apprentices.

Methods
15 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were randomized to used fixed-curve, conventional steerable or visualized steerable sheath, and received complete isolation of pulmonary veins. All ablations were the very first procedure performed by 15 ablation apprentices. The use of fluoroscopy and catheter stability during the PVI were analyzed.

Results
Procedure duration was much longer in the fixed-curve group (116.8 ± 27 vs. 62.2 ± 17 vs. 60.4 ± 17, p < 0.001). X-ray exposure was lowest with visualized sheath (17.6 ± 5 vs. 18.6 ± 6 vs. 5.2 ± 6, p < 0.001). CF SD differed significantly, especially at the anterior aspect of LSPV (7.90 ± 2.90 vs. 5.04 ± 2.18 vs. 4.52 ± 2.40, p < 0.001) and posterior aspect of RSPV (6.84 ± 2.79 vs. 3.42 ± 2.04 vs. 3.50 ± 2.30, p < 0.001) in the fixed-curve group. Impedance drop was significantly smaller in the fixed-curve group at the anterior aspect of LSPV (8.74 ± 3.02 vs. 11.49 ± 5.48 vs. 12.57 ± 5.96, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Even for the very first ablation procedure of an ablation apprentice, the use of steerable sheaths will significantly reduce the procedure duration and improve the catheter stability, but only visualized steerable sheath can reduce fluoroscopic time.
Prevalence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis of hospitalizations in plateau: a cross-section analysis
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Pan Shiqin , Li Yuemei , Luo Mingqin , Li Xiaofang , Ma Hongmei , Zhang Jingni , Wang Limei , Yong Cuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious public health issue that threatens human health and economic development. Presently, differences in the prevalence of DVT among individuals from different nationalities, residents of high-altitude areas, and those consuming any special diet are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and the associated risk factors for DVT in hospitalized patients in the plateau areas.

Methods
The subjects were hospitalized patients in three grade III-a hospitals in the Qinghai Province, China, during January–October 2020. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at admission, and ultrasonography of the bilateral lower extremities was performed. The hospital stay-duration was recorded at the time of discharge.

Results
A total of 3432 patients were enrolled, of which 159 (4.60%) were diagnosed with DVT. The age of > 50 years (OR = 2.434, 95% CI: 1.521–3.894252, P < 0.001), residence altitude of ≥ 3000 m (OR = 2.346, 95% CI: 1.239–4.440, P = 0.009), D-dimer level of ≥ 0.5 mg/L (OR = 2.211, 95% CI: 1.547–3.161, P < 0.001), presence of comorbidities (OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.386–2.705, P < 0.001), a history of varicose veins (OR = 1.990, 95% CI: 0.959–4.128, P = 0.045), and current medications (OR = 2.484, 95% CI: 1.778–3.471, P < 0.001) were identified as risk factors for DVT in these plateau areas.

Conclusion
The prevalence of DVT in the hospitalized patients of the studied plateau areas was 4.60%. We recommend considering individualized risk stratification (age > 50 years, residence altitude ≥ 3000 m, a history of varicose veins, D-dimer level ≥ 0.5 mg/L, current medications, and comorbidities) for patients at the time of admission.
Recognition of an extralobar pulmonary sequestration during lung resection
Authors: Zhang Ming , Tang Weifen , Shi Hao , Tu Xiabin , Li Weidong , Wei Zhengliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is located outside the lung parenchyma and is covered by a separated pleural sac, which comprises approximately 25% of all pulmonary sequestration.

Case presentation
This article reported one case of an extralobar pulmonary sequestration originated from the mesoesophagus, which was recognized and excised during a lung resection. Histologic examination revealed an ectopic lung tissue with hyperplasia of bronchioles, which was accord with an extralobar pulmonary sequestration.

Conclusions
CT angiogram, ultrasound and MRI can be used to clarify the diagnosis and detect the abnormal feeding arteries of extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Carefulness should be taken while dissecting and ligating the potential feeding arteries. Endovascular occlusion might be an alternative option to surgery.
Anomalous right coronary artery managed with bypass and proximal ligation
Authors: Ramcharran Harry , Nazem Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
An anomalous origin and inter-arterial course of the right coronary artery is a rare anomaly that can lead to sudden ischemic cardiac death if left untreated. We present a case of a patient with an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus and an inter-arterial course that was managed with coronary artery bypass surgery using a suitable internal mammary artery conduit. The proximal right coronary artery was ligated to prevent competitive flow.

Case Presentation
A 69 year-old-male with a ten-year history of intermittent chest pain and dyspnea with a negative workup underwent a cardiac catheterization, which showed an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the left coronary sinus, with an inter-arterial course between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery, and approximately 70% narrowing of the proximal RCA. The patient underwent an on-pump coronary artery bypass using the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) as a conduit, with segment 2 of the RCA being the target. The proximal RCA was ligated. Intra-operatively, there were no signs of ischemia or arrhythmia. The patient was successfully taken off cardiopulmonary bypass and eventually discharged home.

Conclusion
Symptomatic anomalous origin of the right coronary artery with an inter-arterial course can be treated successfully with coronary artery bypass surgery with the internal mammary artery as a conduit. Ligation of the proximal right coronary artery is essential to minimize competitive flow through the bypass graft.
School modality, race and ethnicity, and mental health of U.S. adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tamla Rai Vijaya , Laestadius Linnea Irina , Campos-Castillo Celeste 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
While minoritized ethnoracial groups were most likely to be in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of these ethnoracial disparities on adolescent mental health is unclear. Since past studies do not directly examine whether the association between school modality and self-reported mental health outcomes varied by race and ethnicity among U.S. adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study addresses the gap.

Methods
Adolescents aged 13 to 17 years old (n = 510) were surveyed for self-reports of anxiety and depression symptoms using the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire during Spring 2021. Seemingly unrelated regressions were used to estimate the differential association between school modality and mental health by respondents’ race and ethnicity.

Results
Estimates without interaction between school modality and race and ethnicity suggested that Latino respondents reported a significantly higher frequency of depressive symptoms than their White counterparts (b = 0.459; p < 0.05). Similarly, the estimates without the interaction suggested respondents reporting hybrid learning had a higher frequency of depressive symptoms than in-person learning (b = 0.504; p < 0.05). Estimates with interaction between school modality and race and ethnicity suggested fully online learning was associated with poorer mental health only among White respondents and better mental health among Black respondents. Among adolescents attending school fully online, Black adolescents reported fewer mental health symptoms than their White counterparts (anxiety, b =– 1.364; p < 0.05, and depression, b =– 1.647; p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Fully online learning may have benefitted the mental health of Black adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, perhaps because it buffered racial discrimination and social anxiety in schools. Additional interventions should be explored to promote in-person school environments that better support the mental health of Black adolescents. Moreover, prioritizing equitable access to broadband internet will provide better access to online learning and ensure positive mental health, particularly for adolescents from minoritized ethnoracial groups during instances of future pandemics. Future research should continue to consider the race and ethnicity of adolescents to promote mental well-being in schools across learning modalities.
Enhancing sepsis biomarker development: key considerations from public and private perspectives
Authors: Llitjos Jean-Francois , Carrol Enitan D. , Osuchowski Marcin F. , Bonneville Marc , Scicluna Brendon P. , Payen Didier , Randolph Adrienne G. , Witte Stephan , Rodriguez-Manzano Jesus , François Bruno ,   on behalf of the Sepsis biomarker workshop group
Published: July 2024

AbstractImplementation of biomarkers in sepsis and septic shock in emergency situations, remains highly challenging. This viewpoint arose from a public–private 3-day workshop aiming to facilitate the transition of sepsis biomarkers into clinical practice. The authors consist of international academic researchers and clinician-scientists and industry experts who gathered (i) to identify current obstacles impeding biomarker research in sepsis, (ii) to outline the important milestones of the critical path of biomarker development and (iii) to discuss novel avenues in biomarker discovery and implementation. To define more appropriately the potential place of biomarkers in sepsis, a better understanding of sepsis pathophysiology is mandatory, in particular the sepsis patient’s trajectory from the early inflammatory onset to the late persisting immunosuppression phase. This time-varying host response urges to develop time-resolved test to characterize persistence of immunological dysfunctions. Furthermore, age-related difference has to be considered between adult and paediatric septic patients. In this context, numerous barriers to biomarker adoption in practice, such as lack of consensus about diagnostic performances, the absence of strict recommendations for sepsis biomarker development, cost and resources implications, methodological validation challenges or limited awareness and education have been identified. Biomarker-guided interventions for sepsis to identify patients that would benefit more from therapy, such as sTREM-1-guided Nangibotide treatment or Adrenomedullin-guided Enibarcimab treatment, appear promising but require further evaluation. Artificial intelligence also has great potential in the sepsis biomarker discovery field through capability to analyse high volume complex data and identify complex multiparametric patient endotypes or trajectories. To conclude, biomarker development in sepsis requires (i) a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach employing the most advanced analytical tools, (ii) the creation of a platform that collaboratively merges scientific and commercial needs and (iii) the support of an expedited regulatory approval process.
Graphical Abstract
Conceptional approach to sepsis biomarker development.ED: emergency department; ICU: intensive care unit; PICU: paediatric intensive care unit
m1A demethylase Alkbh3 regulates neurogenesis through m1A demethylation of Mmp15 mRNA
Authors: Wang Huan , Xie Linjie , Guo Haomin , Li Lishi , Chen Shuwei , Fan Ye , Tian Jingyuan , Xu Liping , Kong Xuejian , Xuan Aiguo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
N1-Methyladenosine (m1A) is an abundant modification of transcripts regulating mRNA structure and translation efficiency. However, the characteristics and biological functions of mRNA m1A modification in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain enigmatic.

Results
We found that m1A demethylase Alkbh3 was dramatically enriched in neurons and neuronal genesis. Functionally, depletion of Alkbh3 in neural stem cells (NSCs) significantly decreased m1A modification, neuronal differentiation and proliferation coupling with increasing gliogenesis, whereas overexpressing Alkbh3 facilitated neuronal differentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, the m1A demethylation of Mmp15 mRNA by Alkbh3 improved its RNA stability and translational efficacy, which promoted neurogenesis. Therapeutically, the silencing of Alkbh3 reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired spatial memory in the adult mice.

Conclusions
We reveal a novel function of m1A demethylation on Mmp15 mRNA in Alkbh3-mediated neurogenesis, which shed light on advancing Alkbh3 regulation of neurogenesis as a novel neurotherapeutic strategy.
Exploring motion using geometric morphometrics in microscopic aquatic invertebrates: ‘modes’ and movement patterns during feeding in a bdelloid rotifer model species
Authors: Cardini Andrea , Melone Giulio , O’Higgins Paul , Fontaneto Diego 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Movement is a defining aspect of animals, but it is rarely studied using quantitative methods in microscopic invertebrates. Bdelloid rotifers are a cosmopolitan class of aquatic invertebrates of great scientific interest because of their ability to survive in very harsh environment and also because they represent a rare example of an ancient lineage that only includes asexually reproducing species. In this class, Adineta ricciae has become a model species as it is unusually easy to culture. Yet, relatively little is known of its ethology and almost nothing on how it behaves during feeding.

Methods
To explore feeding behaviour in A. ricciae, as well as to provide an example of application of computational ethology in a microscopic invertebrate, we apply Procrustes motion analysis in combination with ordination and clustering methods to a laboratory bred sample of individuals recorded during feeding.

Results
We demonstrate that movement during feeding can be accurately described in a simple two-dimensional shape space with three main ‘modes’ of motion. Foot telescoping, with the body kept straight, is the most frequent ‘mode’, but it is accompanied by periodic rotations of the foot together with bending while the foot is mostly retracted.

Conclusions
Procrustes motion analysis is a relatively simple but effective tool for describing motion during feeding in A. ricciae. The application of this method generates quantitative data that could be analysed in relation to genetic and ecological differences in a variety of experimental settings. The study provides an example that is easy to replicate in other invertebrates, including other microscopic animals whose behavioural ecology is often poorly known.
Iron-based smart alloys for critical applications: a review on processing, properties, phase transformations, and current trends
Authors: Santosh S. , Pavithran M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn account of their unique shape memory effect (SME), pseudoelasticity, and biomedical applications, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have gained significant acceptance in the industrial trade and biomedical applications over the past few decades. Due to their affordable constituent parts and the availability of large-scale methods that are commonly employed for the manufacturing of stainless steels, Fe-based shape memory alloys offer benefits in commercial production, owing to their low cost compared to NiTi. The increasing insistence on stronger, lighter, and more functional materials paved the way for active materials. SMAs are a distinct grade of active materials. They exhibit attractive attributes like the potential to provide considerable recoverable strain while mechanical loading (superelasticity), shape recovery during heating (shape memory effect), and biocompatibility, which ultimately prove them to be one of the appropriate actuators for applications in the biomedical industry. This paper gives a review of the Martensitic transformation of some of the compositions of Fe-based SMAs, their potential to be used in civil structures as strengthening materials, their applications, and future research needs. This paper also focuses on the application of iron-based SMAs in different fields and the necessity to work on this SMA in the future since results show that Fe-based SMAs have shown good potential and can serve as an apt alternative to Ni-based shape memory alloys, which on the other hand has quite a lot of disadvantages, the key one being costly. Fe-based SMAs are comparatively lower in cost and have a greater scope to work with in the near future.
Characterizing zero-dose and under-vaccinated children among refugees and internally displaced persons in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nimpa Marcellin Mengouo , Cikomola Mwana-Wabene Aimé , Otomba John , Mukendi Jean-Crispin , Danovaro-Holliday M. Carolina , Mboussou Franck-Fortune , Mwamba Dieudonné , Kambala Leandre , Ngwanga Dolla , Mwanga Cedric , Etapelong Sume Gerald , Compaoré Issaka , Yapi Moise Désiré , Ishoso Daniel Katuashi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has one of the highest numbers of un and under-vaccinated children as well as number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the world. This study aims to determine and compare the proportion and characteristics of zero-dose (ZD) and under-vaccinated (UV) children among refugees and IDPs in the DRC, as well as the reasons for incomplete vaccination schedules.

Methods
Data from a rolling vaccination coverage survey conducted from September 10, 2022, to July 03, 2023, among refugees and IDPs in 12 provinces of the DRC. ZD was defined as a child aged 12–23 months who had not received any dose of pentavalent vaccine DTP-Hib-Hep B (by card or recall) and UV as a child who had not received the third dose of pentavalent vaccine. The proportions of non and under-vaccination and the associated factors using a logistic regression model are presented for ZD and UV children. The reasons for non-vaccination of these children are described using the WHO-Immunization behavioral and social-drivers-conceptual framework and compared using Pearson’s Chi2 test.

Results
Of 692 children aged 12 to 23 months included in the analysis, 9.3% (95% CI: 7.2–11.7%) were ZD and 40.9% (95% CI: 95%: 37.2–44.6%) UV. The Penta1/Penta3 drop-out rate was 34.9%. After adjustment, ZD children had a significant history of home or road birth. And UV children were significantly associated with mothers/caregivers being under 40, uneducated, farmers, ranchers, employed, rural residents, as well as with home or road births. Reasons linked to people’s perceptions and feelings were cited much more often for ZD (50.0%) than for UV (38.3%). Those related to social reasons were cited much more often by ZD (40.6%) than by UV (35.7%). Reasons related to “programmatic and practical issues” were cited less for ZD (90.5%) than for UV (97.1%).

Conclusions
ZD and UV children represent significant proportions in refugee and IDPs sites in the DRC. However, the proportion of ZD is less than for the entire country, while the proportion of UV is comparable, reflected in a very high drop-out rate. Similarly to studies in the general population in DRC, the reasons for ZD children were mainly linked to challenges in caregiver motivation to vaccinate, while for UV children, they were more often linked to pro-grammatic and practical problems of the health system.
Glial cell transplant for brain diseases: the supportive saviours?
Authors: Albert Katrina , Goldsteins Gundars , Kälvälä Sara , Jolkkonen Jukka , Lehtonen Šárka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe incidence of brain diseases in humans is increasing as we experience a worldwide ageing of the population. Treatment for such diseases is still only symptomatic as there are almost no disease-modifying therapies available. Further, since treatment often starts when symptoms appear which is only at a late stage of pathology, we need treatments that will create new cells or restore function to still living cells. Cell transplant therapy, where neuronal progenitor cells derived from stem cells are transplanted to the brain, has seen experimental success. And though there has been some clinical progress, there is still no available therapy. While through the years brain research has focused on neurons, it is now shifting to the so-called support cells of the brain, glia. In neurodegenerative diseases and stroke, glia play roles in the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, replacing them or enhancing their functions to ultimately save or restore neurons is a new avenue of research that has gained traction in recent years. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art on transplantation of glia cells, feasibility of this as a therapy, and upcoming directions in the field.