bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the posterior brain at 11–14 weeks for the prediction of open neural tube defects
Authors: Kavalakis Ioannis , Souka Athena P. , Pilalis Athanasios , Papastefanou Ioannis , Kassanos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the routine midsagittal view of the posterior brain at the 11–13 weeks' ultrasound examination, for predicting open neural tube defects.MethodsPosterior brain was examined midsagittally for normality of the four‐line view (upper and lower border of the brain stem, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and the occipital bone). Intracranial translucency and cisterna magna (CM) were measured.ResultsThe posterior brain was assessed in 1330 cases. The four‐line view was normal in all but one case. In the two cases of open spina bifida contained in the study population, intracranial translucency was within normal range. The CM and the four‐line view were normal in the first case, whereas in the second case, the four‐line view was abnormal, and CM was obliterated and impossible to measure. No other cases of abnormal four‐line view were observed in the study population.ConclusionObliteration of the CM appears to be the most consistent early sign of open neural tube defects. Attention should focus on either measuring the cisterna magna or simply observing the presence of four lines in the midsagittal view of the posterior brain. However, these early signs of brain herniation are not present in all abnormal cases. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Undetected sex chromosome aneuploidy by chromosomal microarray
Authors: Markus‐Bustani Keren , Yaron Yuval , Goldstein Myriam , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Ben‐Shachar Shay 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on a case of a female fetus found to be mosaic for Turner syndrome (45,X) and trisomy X (47,XXX). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) failed to detect the aneuploidy because of a normal average dosage of the X chromosome. This case represents an unusual instance in which CMA may not detect chromosomal aberrations. Such a possibility should be taken into consideration in similar cases where CMA is used in a clinical setting. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal study of parent caregiving self‐efficacy and parent stress reactions with pediatric cancer treatment procedures
Authors: Harper Felicity W. K. , Peterson Amy M. , Uphold Heatherlun , Albrecht Terrance L. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Orom Heather , Phipps Sean , Penner Louis A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPain/distress during pediatric cancer treatments has substantial psychosocial consequences for children and families. We examined relationships between parents' caregiving self‐efficacy, parents' affect in response to their children's cancer‐related treatment procedures, and parents' symptoms of post‐traumatic stress at follow‐up.MethodsParticipants were 75 pediatric cancer patients and parents. On the day of each of three procedures (i.e., port‐start, lumbar puncture, or bone marrow aspiration), parents rated their self‐efficacy for six caregiving goals. Parents also self‐reported their negative affect (i.e., state anxiety, negative mood, and distress) in response to each procedure. Three months after the last procedure, parents reported their level of post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).ResultsHigher parent self‐efficacy about keeping children calm before treatment and/or keeping children calm during the procedure was associated with lower state anxiety. Self‐efficacy for keeping the child calm during procedures was significantly correlated with distress in parents at the time of procedures, and self‐efficacy for keeping the child calm before procedures was significantly correlated with PTSS. All three negative affect measures significantly mediated the effects of parents' caregiving self‐efficacy for both goals on parents' PTSS 3 months later.ConclusionsParents' caregiving self‐efficacy influences their immediate and longer‐term distress reactions to their children's treatment procedures. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of how parents' cognitions contribute to their ability to cope with their children's treatment and suggest the benefit of an intervention that targets parents' procedure‐specific caregiver self‐efficacy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of carbohydrate restriction on prostate cancer tumor growth in a castrate mouse xenograft model
Authors: Caso Jorge , Masko Elizabeth M. , II Jean A. Thomas , Poulton Susan H. , Dewhirst Mark , Pizzo Salvatore V. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo‐ and low‐carbohydrate diets delay tumor growth compared to western diet (WD) in prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft studies. The effect of these diets in concert with androgen deprivation is unknown.METHODSA total of 160 male SCID mice were injected with 1× 105 LAPC‐4 human PCa cells. Of these, 150 mice were castrated and randomized to an ad libitum WD or fed via a paired‐feeding protocol with a no‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD), 10% carbohydrate diet, or 20% carbohydrate diet. The remaining 10 mice were not castrated and were fed an ad libitum WD. The mice were sacrificed once volumes reached 1,000 mm3 and survival tested using the log‐rank test. Serum from the median surviving 8 mice/group was assayed for insulin, IGF‐1, and IGFBP‐3.RESULTSBody weights were roughly equal among groups. The 10 non‐castrated mice experienced accelerated tumor growth. Among castrated mice, WD had the most rapid tumor growth; 20% carbohydrate diet the slowest (P = 0.046). Survival was not significantly different among the various carbohydrate restricted groups (P = 0.51). When pooled, there was a non‐significant trend (P = 0.11) in improved survival among the carbohydrate restricted diets versus WD. No significant difference in serum insulin, IGF‐1, and IGFBP‐3 levels was noted among all groups at pre‐randomization or at sacrifice. CONCLUSIONSA 20% carbohydrate diet slowed tumor growth versus a WD. Though the benefit of carbohydrate restriction was somewhat less than in prior studies in non‐castrate mice, these data still suggest diets achievable in humans may play a role in PCa management. Prostate 73: 449–454, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SIRT1 enhances matrix metalloproteinase‐2 expression and tumor cell invasion in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lovaas Jenna D. , Zhu Lijia , Chiao Christine Y. , Byles Vanessa , Faller Douglas V. , Dai Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDMatrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP2) has been shown to play an important role in cancer cell invasion and the expression of MMP2 is associated with the poor prognosis of prostate cancer; however, the mechanism of MMP2 expression is largely unknown. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐dependent histone deacetylase (class III HDAC) that has recently been shown to have implications in regulating cancer cell growth and apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of SIRT1 in regulating MMP2 expression and tumor invasion in prostate cancer cells.METHODSThe interfering RNAi was used to knockdown SIRT1 from prostate cancer cells. Immunoblots, RT‐PCR, zymographic assays, co‐immunoprecipitation, analysis and transwell assays were used to examine the effects of SIRT1 silencing on MMP2 expression and activity, on SIRT1 and MMP2 interaction, and on prostate cancer cell invasion. The immuno‐histochemical assay was performed to study SIRT1 expression in prostate cancer tissues.RESULTSWe show that SIRT1 associates and deacetylates MMP2 and SIRT1 regulates MMP2 expression by controlling MMP2 protein stability through the proteosomal pathway. Thus, we demonstrated a novel mechanism in that MMP2 expression can be regulated at the posttranslational level by SIRT1. Furthermore, we determined that SIRT1 inhibition reduced prostate cancer cell invasion and SIRT1 is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancer tissues.CONCLUSIONSSIRT1 is an important regulator of MMP2 expression, activity, and prostate cancer cell invasion. Overexpressed SIRT1 in advanced prostate cancer may play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 73: 522–530, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombination via point defects and their complexes in solar silicon
Authors: Peaker A. R. , Markevich V. P. , Hamilton B. , Parada G. , Dudas A. , Pap A. , Don E. , Lim B. , Schmidt J. , Yu L. , Yoon Y. , Rozgonyi G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractElectronic grade Czochralski and float zone silicon in the as grown state have a very low concentration of recombination generation centers (typically <1010 cm−3). Consequently, in integrated circuit technologies using such material, electrically active inadvertent impurities and structural defects are rarely detectable. The quest for cheap photovoltaic cells has led to the use of less pure silicon, multi‐crystalline material, and low cost processing for solar applications. Cells made in this way have significant extrinsic recombination mechanisms. In this paper we review recombination involving defects and impurities in single crystal and in multi‐crystalline solar silicon. Our main techniques for this work are recombination lifetime mapping measurements using microwave detected photoconductivity decay and variants of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). In particular, we use Laplace DLTS to distinguish between isolated point defects, small precipitate complexes and decorated extended defects. We compare the behavior of some common metallic contaminants in solar silicon in relation to their effect on carrier lifetime and cell efficiency. Finally, we consider the role of hydrogen passivation in relation to transition metal contaminants, grain boundaries and dislocations. We conclude that recombination via point defects can be significant but in most multi‐crystalline material the dominant recombination path is via decorated dislocation clusters within grains with little contribution to the overall recombination from grain boundaries.
Electrical and magnetic properties of Co substituted MnZnFe2O4
Authors: Zubair Ahmad , Siddiqui Saima A. , Khan F. A. , Alim Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline as‐sintered and annealed Co0.3Mn0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 prepared by using conventional electroceramic processing steps in the laboratory are presented. The microstructures are examined via scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. The ac electrical behavior represented via complex plane plots in the frequency range 160–211 MHz reveals inductive contribution via resonance originated within the material system. The ac permeability is presented in the frequency range 50–300 MHz affirmed resonance behavior. The inductive response in the complex planes (impedance Z* and modulus M*) reflecting resonance behavior due to magnetic softness is obvious around 140 MHz whereas in the permeability dispersion negative domain is observed at about 150 MHz attributing to the spin rotation.
All‐optical magnetization switching using phase shaped ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Alebrand Sabine , Hassdenteufel Alexander , Steil Daniel , Bader Marianne , Fischer Alexander , Cinchetti Mirko , Aeschlimann Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSwitching the magnetization without any external applied magnetic field by using ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses is a fascinating and challenging topic of modern magnetism. Up to now there is still no consensus about the microscopic mechanism of this so called all‐optical switching (AOS) and several different models are suggested. In particular the importance of heat and helicity driven effects is still under discussion. In our experiment we varied the input of heating during the AOS process by utilizing pulse trains, created with a phase pulse shaper, to switch the magnetization. We show that AOS is possible with pulse trains having a temporal delay between the single pulses of more than a picosecond. The minimum switching fluence for pulse trains is found to be higher compared to switching with unshaped pulses. We mainly attribute this behavior to heat loss effects. Further we find that the minimum switching fluence depends on the number of pulses within a pulse train. We discuss our observations in terms of the currently debated theoretical models of AOS.
Reduction of charge trapping in HfO2 film on a Ge substrate by trimethylaluminum pretreatment
Authors: Lee Jae Jin , Shin Yunsang , Choi Juyun , Kim Hyoungsub , Hyun Sangjin , Choi Siyoung , Cho Byung Jin , Lee Seok‐Hee 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTrimethylaluminum pretreatment prior to HfO2 deposition is introduced for native oxide reduction. It is identified that the trimethylaluminum pretreatment could effectively reduce native oxide, which is transformed to an aluminum oxide interfacial layer. Formation of the thin aluminum oxide layer suppresses Ge diffusion into HfO2, reducing hysteresis in the ca‐ pacitance–voltage curve. Moreover, the device reliability of the trimethylaluminum pretreated sample is improved in a constant current stress test. This work indicates that trimethylaluminum pretreatment is an effective in‐situ method for the gate dielectric stack formation to reduce charge trapping in the HfO2 film on a Ge substrate. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A facile method for flexible GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Jung Younghun , Wang Xiaotie , Kim Sung Hyun , Ren Fan , Kim Jihyun , Pearton Stephen J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFlexible GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates are demonstrated. The process uses commercial LEDs on patterned sapphire substrates, laser lift‐off (LLO), wet etching for additional surface roughening, and mounting of the freestanding LED on a PET substrate. Electrical and optical properties from the free‐standing LLO‐LEDs mounted on the flexible PET substrates were characterized. The process is scalable to large wafer diameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Economic Modeling of Surgical Disease: A Measure of Public Health Interventions
Authors: Corlew D. Scott 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe measurement of the burden of disease and the interventions that address that burden can be done in various units. Reducing these measures to the common denominator of economic units (i.e., currency) enables comparison with other health entities, interventions, and even other fields. Economic assessment is complex, however, because of the multifactorial components of what constitutes health and what constitutes health interventions, as well as the coupling of those data to economic means. To perform economic modeling in a meaningful manner, it is necessary to: (1) define the health problem to be addressed; (2) define the intervention to be assessed; (3) define a measure of the effect of the health entity with and without the intervention (which includes defining the counterfactual); and (4) determine the appropriate method of converting the health effect to economics. This paper discusses technical aspects of how economic modeling can be done both of disease entities and of interventions. Two examples of economic modeling applied to surgical problems are then given.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for selected gynecologic surgeries
Authors: Morrill Michelle Y. , Schimpf Megan O. , Abed Husam , Carberry Cassandra , Margulies Rebecca U. , White Amanda B. , Lowenstein Lior , Ward Renée M. , Balk Ethan M. , Uhlig Katrin , Sung Vivian W. ,   Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic prophylaxis for surgery is commonly used and is recommended by multiple organizations.ObjectiveTo critically review gynecology‐specific data regarding surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in selected benign gynecologic surgeries.Search strategyMEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to July 2010.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials of benign vaginal, cervical, transcervical, abdominal, or laparoscopic procedures other than hysterectomy comparing prophylactic antibiotic use with placebo or with another antibiotic. Outcomes of interest were postoperative infections, additional treatments, and adverse events.Data collection and analysisIn total, 19 trials met the inclusion criteria. Studies were individually assessed for methodologic quality, then grouped by procedure and evaluated for evidence quality.Main resultsThere was no difference in infectious outcome for loop electrosurgical excision, hysteroscopic ablation, or laparoscopy, although evidence quality was poor. Fair evidence supports antibiotic prophylaxis for suction curettage or laparotomy. There were insufficient data regarding vaginal surgery prophylaxis.ConclusionAntibiotic prophylaxis may be beneficial in first‐trimester suction curettage and laparotomy. No advantage was found for loop electrosurgical excision, hysteroscopy, or laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Newer procedures and vaginal surgery lack research and merit study.
Education for Sustainability and Pre-Service Teacher Education
Authors: Kennelly Julie , Taylor Neil , Maxwell Tom , Serow Pep 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAspects of environment are common topics in Australian primary schools. However Education for Sustainability (EfS), where students actively investigate the underlying causes of unsustainable practices and actively plan for and instigate change, is less well understood and less commonly practised. It cannot be assumed that pre-service teachers have the knowledge, skills and desire to incorporate EfS, as advocated in Australian policies, into their repertoires of practice, or, that they will acquire those skills as they gain teaching experience. Therefore for EfS to become an integral component of the primary school experience, carefully planned rather than ad hoc preparation for EfS is necessary in pre-service teacher education.This essentially qualitative study describes how a one-semester, final year pre-service primary teacher unit in EfS was shaped, and reports on how a cohort of pre-service teachers responded, particularly in terms of how well prepared they felt to engage with EfS in future teaching. Although motivation and confidence to engage with EfS varied across the cohort, pre-service teacher education appeared to make a positive contribution to both. In a longitudinal design, five teachers who had participated in the EfS unit became the focus of individual case studies early in their teaching careers. Each case study investigated ways in which the beginning teacher engaged with EfS, linking teaching decisions to pre-service teacher education. The constructivist approach adopted by the tutors was particularly valued by the early career teachers. They appreciated various modes of experiential learning including engagement with the kinds of teaching strategies advocated in EfS and a strong orientation to the curriculum requirements of primary school.However, the extent to which each early career teacher implemented EfS was tempered not only by personal skill and motivation, but also by work situations which did not necessarily support EfS endeavours. While pre-service teacher education has a vital role in the promulgation of EfS in schools, and this study shows that it can be effective in advancing the desires of beginning teachers to do something for the environment, there are broad implications for the institutions that so heavily impact on the capacity of school systems and university systems to act in EfS.
EPISTEMOLOGY IN GROUP AGENCY: SIX OBJECTIONS IN SEARCH OF THE TRUTH
Authors: Cariani Fabrizio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractList and Pettit's Group Agency is an extremely important book, spearheading a new wave of work on the metaphysics, epistemology and ethics of group agents. In this article, I focus on the epistemological thread in their discussion. After introducing the apparatus they use in analyzing the epistemic performance of groups, I criticize some elements and point to some ways in which the very same apparatus could be redirected to address them.
Could sterile males be used to vector a microbiological control agent? The case ofRhynchophorus ferrugineusandBeauveria bassiana
Authors: Llácer E. , Santiago-Álvarez C. , Jacas J.A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is the most threatening pest of palms worldwide. The potential of gamma-irradiated males to spread a pathogenic strain of the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassiana(Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) to control this pest was studied. First, the effects of gamma irradiation (15 and 25 Gy) on the mating success and performance of adult males irradiated at age one day were studied in the laboratory. Although male longevity decreased after irradiation (118.6 vs. 244.7 days for irradiated and control males, respectively) and their testes suffered from the treatment, fecundity of mated females did not depend on the irradiation status of the male (86.8 ± 5.5 eggs in 15 days). However, egg hatching was significantly lower in couples with irradiated males (31.4% vs. 86.5% for irradiated and control couples, respectively), and this value decreased after a second mating (6.1% vs. 85.9%). Therefore, irradiation did not affect male sexual competiveness but sperm quality. Second, a semi-field assay was carried out to evaluate infestation in youngPhoenix canariensiscaused by different combinations of couples with irradiated and/orB. bassiana-challenged males. The number of immature stages found in infested palms was significantly higher when females mated with untreated males and lower when mated with irradiated males (eitherB. bassiana-infected or not). Some females from the fungus-challenged treatments showed post-mortem hyphal growth, and this horizontal transmission proves that irradiated males could act as a vector forB. bassianaand should be considered as a new method to improve the biological control ofR. ferrugineus.
A rare case of primary otoscleroma of the middle ear
Authors: Kakeri A R , Patel A H 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of primary otoscleroma.Method:We present a case report and a review of the world literature concerning otoscleroma.Results:An adult woman presented with chronic suppurative otitis media with tubotympanic disease and conductive hearing loss. On mastoid exploration, dark granulations were seen, which were identified as otoscleroma on histopathological examination. The patient responded well to streptomycin.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of primary otoscleroma in the world literature. This case indicates that Frisch's bacillus can also spread to the middle ear.