bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal prediction of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Spaggiari E. , Stirnemann J. J. , Sonigo P. , Khen‐Dunlop N. , De Saint Blanquat L. , Ville Y. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the role of prenatal prognostic markers obtained routinely by ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prediction of development of postnatal pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsOne hundred and ten cases of isolated CDH were referred to our fetal medicine unit between January 2004 and April 2013. Mortality and morbidity rates were reviewed for those presenting with postnatal PAH. The following prenatal markers were evaluated as potential predictive factors of PAH: liver position, side of the CDH defect, lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) and observed/expected LHR (o/e‐LHR), which were measured by ultrasound, and observed/expected total fetal lung volume (o/e‐TFLV), which was measured by MRI. Univariable logistic regression was used to assess associations.ResultsPAH was significantly associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity (P < 0.001). The occurrence of PAH decreased significantly with an increasing LHR, o/e‐LHR and o/e‐TFLV and was significantly increased for cases with an intrathoracic liver, but not for those with right‐sided defects. Univariable regression revealed that o/e‐TFLV (odds ratio (OR), 0.9 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95); P < 0.05 for percentage unit change in o/e), LHR (OR, 0.19 (95% CI, 0.09–0.40); P < 0.05 for unit change), o/e‐LHR (OR, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98); P < 0.05 for percentage unit change in o/e) and liver position (OR, 2.82 (95% CI, 1.13–7.00); P < 0.05 for intrathoracic liver) were significant predictors of subsequent PAH. No differences were found after adjusting for gestational age at delivery. The areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curve were 0.80 and 0.75 for o/e‐TFLV and o/e‐LHR, respectively.ConclusionIn cases of CDH, PAH is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Routinely obtained prenatal markers, usually used for the assessment of pulmonary hypoplasia, are also relevant for the postnatal prediction of PAH. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate geoengineering: issues of path‐dependence and socio‐technical lock‐in
Authors: Cairns Rose C. 
Published: June 2014

As academic and policy interest in climate geoengineering grows, the potential irreversibility of technological developments in this domain has been raised as a pressing concern. The literature on socio‐technical lock‐in and path dependence is illuminating in helping to situate current concerns about climate geoengineering and irreversibility in the context of academic understandings of historical socio‐technical development and persistence. This literature provides a wealth of material illustrating the pervasiveness of positive feedbacks of various types (from the discursive to the material) leading to complex socio‐technical entanglements which may resist change and become inflexible even in the light of evidence of negative impacts. With regard to climate geoengineering, there are concerns that geoengineering technologies might contribute so‐called ‘carbon lock‐in’, or become irreversibly ‘locked‐in’ themselves. In particular, the scale of infrastructures that geoengineering interventions would require, and the issue of the so‐called ‘termination effect’ have been discussed in these terms. Despite the emergent and somewhat ill‐defined nature of the field, some authors also suggest that the extant framings of geoengineering in academic and policy literatures may already demonstrate features recognizable as forms of cognitive lock‐in, likely to have profound implications for future developments in this area. While the concepts of path‐dependence and lock‐in are the subject of ongoing academic critique, by drawing analytical attention to these pervasive processes of positive feedback and entanglement, this literature is highly relevant to current debates around geoengineering. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:649–661. doi: 10.1002/wcc.296This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Typologies and precursors of career adaptability patterns among emerging adults: A seven‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Shulman Shmuel , Vasalampi Kati , Barr Tamuz , Livne Yaara , Nurmi Jari‐Erik , Pratt Michael W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study examined career adaptability in 100 Israeli emerging adults who were followed from ages 22 to 29. Participants were given an in depth interview and were asked to talk about their current work, difficulties they might have had in the past and how they coped with them. In addition they were asked to elaborate on the extent to which their job fits their interests and is meaningful to them. Analyses of interviews yielded three distinctive career adaptability patterns that were associated with different levels of concurrent wellbeing: Integrated, Compromised, and Vague. A lower level of identified motivation measured seven years earlier predicted membership in the Compromised pattern. A higher level of extrinsic motivation combined with decreased parental support predicted membership in the Vague pattern. Findings are discussed within the framework of the occupational adaptations and compromises that young people must make when approaching the age of 30.
A case of cardiac sarcoidosis presenting with double tachycardia
Authors: Takahashi Keiko , Okumura Yasuo , Watanabe Ichiro , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Sonoda Kazumasa , Kogawa Rikitake , Sasaki Naoko , Iso Kazuki , Okubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough the most feared cardiac manifestation in cardiac sarcoidosis is the onset of ventricular arrhythmia, some patients may present with supraventricular arrhythmias. We present a rare case of cardiac sarcoidosis associated with double tachycardia manifesting as atrial flutter and ventricular tachycardia.
Localization of PGE mineralization in southeastern Russia
Authors: Khomich V.G. , Boriskina N.G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Southeastern Russia occupies an area south of the Siberian Platform and east of Lake Baikal, up to the coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. Most of PGE placers are localized south of the Siberian Platform, mainly within the Baikal–Aldan–Stanovoi megablock. Noble-metal placers formed by PGE minerals in varying amounts are associated with the regional mafic–ultramafic complexes of different ages, namely, layered, zoned (ring) massifs and ophiolite fields. PGE mineralization is also found in layered carbonaceous strata of different ages and in several brown-coal deposits localized in the Cenozoic zones of dispersed rifting and intraplate magmatism. One of the magmatism centers is the Ussuri plume structure. The widespread regional manifestations of plume magmatism of different ages permit the development of a new approach to study the additional factors that affected the formation and localization of PGE mineralization. Based on geological, geophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, we have established that the conditions favorable for the formation of platinum-bearing deposits were mainly due to ore-generating plume magmatism. This magmatism gave rise to layered (in the Neoarchean and Proterozoic) and zoned (in the Phanerozoic) mafic–ultramafic massifs, which were later subjected to ore-producing magmatogene-fluid-metasomatic processes. The most favorable conditions for PGE concentration appeared in zones where late granite deposits were superposed on early layered, zoned massifs, ophiolite complexes, and layered carbonaceous strata.
Paleomagnetism of the Late Paleozoic granites of the Angara–Vitim batholith and the host rocks of the Baikal–Patom folded area: tectonic implications
Authors: Shatsillo A.V. , Fedyukin I.V. , Powerman V.I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of paleomagnetic and geochronological studies of the Late Paleozoic granites of the Angara–Vitim batholith as well as Vendian–Early Cambrian sedimentary rocks and Late Devonian subvolcanic rocks of the Patom margin of the Siberian Platform. Primary and metachronous magnetization in the rocks of the study region was used to calculate an Early Permian (~290 Ma) paleomagnetic pole, which is proposed as a reference pole for the Siberian Platform in paleomagnetic reconstructions, plotting of the apparent polar-wander path curve, and other magnetotectonic studies. The published and obtained paleomagnetic data and analysis of the geological data confirm the Late Paleozoic age of the final folding in the Baikal–Patom area. Possible causes of Late Paleozoic deformations and large-scale granite formation in the Baikal–Patom area and Transbaikalia in the Late Paleozoic are discussed.
Lithospheric mantle structure of the Siberian craton inferred from the superlong Meteorite and Rift seismic profiles
Authors: Kuskov O.L. , Kronrod V.A. , Prokof’ev A.A. , Pavlenkova N.I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractModeling of the seismic, thermal, and density structure of the Siberian craton lithospheric mantle at depths of 100–300 km has been performed along the superlong Meteorite and Rift seismic profiles. The 2D velocity sections reflect the specific features of the internal structure of the craton: lateral inhomogeneities, seismic-boundary relief at depths of ~ 100, 150, 240, and 300 km, velocities of 8.3-8.7 km/s, and the lack of low-velocity zone in the lower lithosphere. Mapping of the thermal state along the Meteorite and Rift profiles shows a significant temperature decrease in the cratonic mantle as compared with the average temperatures of the surrounding Phanerozoic mantle (&gt; 300 °C) estimated from the global reference model AK135. Lateral temperature variations, reflecting the thermal anomalies in the cratonic keel, are observed at depths of &lt; 200 km (with some decrease in temperature in the central part of the craton), whereas at depths of &gt; 200 km, temperature variations are negligible. This suggests the preservation of residual thermal perturbations at the base of the lithosphere, which must lead to the temperature equalization in the transition zone between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Variations in chemical composition have a negligible effect on the thermal state but affect strongly the density structure of the mantle. The results of modeling admit a significant fertilization of matter at depths more than 180–200 km and stratification of the cratonic mantle by chemical composition. The thicknesses of chemical (petrologic) and thermal boundary layers beneath the Siberian craton are estimated. The petrologic lithosphere is localized at depths of ~ 200 km. The bottom of the thermal boundary layer is close to the 1450 °C isotherm and is localized at a depth of 300 km, which agrees with heat flow and seismic-tomography data.
Evaluation of limitations of the transient electromagnetic method in shallow-depth studies: numerical experiment
Authors: Plotnikov A.E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Based on a proposed electrical model of a system for subsurface sensing by an induction transient electromagnetic method, a numerical experiment was performed to evaluate the limitations of the method in shallow-depth studies. During the experiment, the theoretical and pseudoexperimental emf curves are compared. Based on the degree of their convergence, the capability of the system to adequately record the response from the excited space at depth is determined. The experimental results are used to plot dependences of the measured parameters of the system on its geometrical dimensions. Recommendations on the use of small-size systems are given.
Performance Anxieties: Interpellation of the Refugee Subject in Law
Authors: Luker Trish 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRefugee law posits the refugee as a rights-bearing subject prior to legal recognition. The determination procedures from which legal protection may be availed to a person escaping persecution demand that the applicant be recognizable as a subject entitled to law’s power to name her as a refugee. In this article, I draw on speech act theory to investigate the rhetorical structure of refugee recognition. Viewed as a performative speech act, refugee subjectivity emerges as a result of repetition and citation of tropes of “refugee-ness,” which function to legitimate and naturalize certain representations as evidence of the grounds for protection. This places applicants in a paradoxical position: they must attempt to deliver their evidence as a performance of refugee-ness, but in making the narrative recognizable and understandable according to the norms of the legal process, the singularity, and possibly the authenticity, of the account may be lost. The argument is supported by empirical research conducted at the Australian Refugee Review Tribunal.
A comparison of sweet sorghum and maize as first-generation bioethanol feedstocks in Greece
Authors: VLACHOS C. E. , MARIOLIS N. A. , SKARACIS G. N. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYAccording to the EU 28/2009 directive, member states are mandated to substitute 10% of fossil fuels used in transportation with biofuels by the year 2020. Bioethanol production is expected to contribute significantly towards fulfilling Greece's obligations. First-generation bioethanol, produced from amylaceous and sugar crops, is the most important biofuel globally. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main feedstock for production worldwide, while sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), although a promising raw material source, has not yet enjoyed substantial commercial exploitation due to the high seasonality of the crop. Sustainability criteria set by the EU constitute a key factor in the characterization and future use of biofuels. A 3-year study including 20 maize and 4 sweet sorghum varieties was conducted in order to compare these two crops in terms of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) during the cultivation phase as well as regarding emission savings by substituting bioethanol for petrol/gasoline. Both crops demonstrated promising bioethanol yields reaching 5235·7 and 6443·7 l/ha/yr for maize and sweet sorghum, respectively, and showed that they could be employed towards first-generation bioethanol production in Greece. Sweet sorghum varieties produced higher bioethanol yields per hectare coupled with lower emissions during the cultivation phase and better overall GHG savings compared to maize.
Manifestations of immunoglobulin G4 related disease in otolaryngology: case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Wong W K , Campbell R , Douglas R 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:Immunoglobulin G4 related disease is an inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of fibrotic lesions infiltrated by immunoglobulin G4 positive plasma cells. It can arise from almost any region of the body and it is being increasingly recognised in the head and neck. Regardless of the site of involvement, the histopathological resemblance is remarkable. Dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, overabundance of immunoglobulin G4 bearing plasma cells and presence of storiform fibrosis are typical findings.Case reports:This paper presents two cases of immunoglobulin G4 related disease in which there was involvement of the orbit, the infraorbital nerve and the infratemporal fossa. Diagnosis was established in both cases by biopsying radiologically abnormal tissue in the infratemporal fossa.Conclusion:An awareness of this condition is required to establish the diagnosis and initiate appropriate therapy. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of initial treatment. The effectiveness of B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab has also been reported. Correct diagnosis may spare patients from unnecessarily radical surgery.
Differences in negativity bias underlie variations in political ideology
Authors: Hibbing John R. , Smith Kevin B. , Alford John R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDisputes between those holding differing political views are ubiquitous and deep-seated, and they often follow common, recognizable lines. The supporters of tradition and stability, sometimes referred to as conservatives, do battle with the supporters of innovation and reform, sometimes referred to as liberals. Understanding the correlates of those distinct political orientations is probably a prerequisite for managing political disputes, which are a source of social conflict that can lead to frustration and even bloodshed. A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence documents a multitude of ways in which liberals and conservatives differ from each other in purviews of life with little direct connection to politics, from tastes in art to desire for closure and from disgust sensitivity to the tendency to pursue new information, but the central theme of the differences is a matter of debate. In this article, we argue that one organizing element of the many differences between liberals and conservatives is the nature of their physiological and psychological responses to features of the environment that are negative. Compared with liberals, conservatives tend to register greater physiological responses to such stimuli and also to devote more psychological resources to them. Operating from this point of departure, we suggest approaches for refining understanding of the broad relationship between political views and response to the negative. We conclude with a discussion of normative implications, stressing that identifying differences across ideological groups is not tantamount to declaring one ideology superior to another.
Disgust, politics, and responses to threat
Authors: Inbar Yoel , Pizarro David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe address two questions regarding the relationship between political ideology and responses to threatening or aversive stimuli. The first concerns the reason for the connection between disgust and specific political and moral attitudes; the second concerns the observation that some responses to threat (i.e., neuroticism/anxiety) are associated with a moreleft-wingpolitical orientation.
Motivation and morality: Insights into political ideology
Authors: Janoff-Bulman Ronnie , Carnes Nate C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOur past work linking motivation and morality provides a basis for understanding differences in political ideology and positions across the political spectrum. Conservatism is rooted in avoidance-based proscriptive morality, whereas liberalism is rooted in approach-based prescriptive morality. Two distinct, binding, group moralities reflect these different regulatory systems and emphasize social coordination through Social Order versus social cooperation through Social Justice.
Political ideology is contextually variable and flexible rather than fixed
Authors: Morgan G. Scott , Skitka Linda J. , Wisneski Daniel C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHibbing et al. argue that the liberal–conservative continuum is (a) universal and (b) grounded in psychological differences in sensitivity to negative stimuli. Our commentary argues that both claims overlook the importance of context. We review evidence that the liberal–conservative continuum is far from universal and that ideological differences are contextually flexible rather than fixed.
Will the real fundamental difference underlying ideology please stand up?
Authors: Motyl Matt , Iyer Ravi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNegativity bias explains many ideological differences, yet does not explain research such as conservatives' greater life satisfaction. Conservatives live in safer communities, perhaps to escape negative emotions, yet display numerous other community preferences unrelated to negativity. This tendency toward cognitive consistency can explain both these phenomena and many of the phenomena described in the target article.
Many behavioral tendencies associated with right-leaning (conservative) political ideologies are malleable and unrelated to negativity
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Sussman Abigail B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent research has identified several judgment and decision making tendencies associated with right-leaning political ideologies that are difficult (if not impossible) to explain in terms of stable, negative affective appraisals because they (1) are uncorrelated with the negativity of the stimuli being considered, (2) do not reflect divergent affective evaluations, and (3) can be eliminated by superficial manipulations and interventions.
Individual differences in political ideology are effects of adaptive error management
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang , Aarøe Lene 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe apply error management theory to the analysis of individual differences in the negativity bias and political ideology. Using principles from evolutionary psychology, we propose a coherent theoretical framework for understanding (1) why individuals differ in their political ideology and (2) the conditions under which these individual differences influence and fail to influence the political choices people make.
The primacy of scaffolding within groups for the evolution of group-level traits
Authors: Caporael Linnda R. , Garvey Colin K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough both a “simple dyad or a population of thousands” are groups, these are, respectively, face-to-face embodied groups and collective symbolic groups. We applaud Smaldino for recognizing and describing the concept of the group-level trait. As an expansion, we propose an evolutionary-developmental model of face-to-face groups that scaffolds theorizing the evolution of cultural group-level traits.
Culture as an aggregate of individual differences
Authors: Kim Kyungil , Jeon Joonghwan , Park Youngjun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe question Smaldino's argument that culture plays the active role of maintaining and transmitting social organizations of differentiated individuals. Culture is an aggregate of individual differences in psychological variables within and between groups; it was not designed by group-level selection to maintain the structured organization of individuals. We conclude that Smaldino fails to present the crucial mechanism by which group-level traits are maintained, transmitted, and evolve.
The substance of cultural evolution: Culturally framed systems of social organization
Authors: Read Dwight W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractModels of cultural evolution need to address not only the organizational aspects of human societies, but also the complexity and structure of cultural idea systems that frame their systems of organization. These cultural idea systems determine a framework within which behaviors take place and provide mutually understood meanings for behavior from the perspective of both agent and recipient that are critical for the coherence of human systems of social organization.
Group-level traits can be studied with standard evolutionary theory
Authors: Scott-Phillips Thomas C. , Dickins Thomas E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSmaldino's target article draws on and seeks to add to a literature that has partially rejected orthodox, gene-centric evolutionary theory. However, orthodox theory has much to say about group-level traits. The target article does not reference or refute these views, and provides no explicit arguments for this narrow approach. In this commentary we: (i) give two examples of topics that the target article might and probably should have discussed (cultural epidemiology and the psychology of individual differences); and (ii) argue that the orthodox approach has much more to say about the emergence of group-level traits than the target article recognises, or gives credit for.