bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-Based Trends in Penile Prosthetic Surgery
Authors: Mirheydar Hossein S. , Palazzi Kerrin L. , Parsons J. Kellogg , Chang David , Hsieh Tung-Chin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
We examined national and regional trends in hospital-based penile prosthetic surgery and identified patient-specific factors predicting receipt of inflatable vs. semi-rigid penile prostheses.

Aims
To improve our understanding of the surgical treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods
We utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 1998 to 2010 in the United States and the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database from 1995 to 2010. Total number of penile implants performed and proportions of inflatable vs. semi-rigid prosthesis were examined. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify factors associated with selection of inflatable vs. semi-rigid prostheses.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary outcome measure is the total number of hospital-based penile prosthetic surgeries performed in the United States over a 12-year period (1998–2010). Secondary outcome measures include proportion of inflatable and semi-rigid prosthesis implantations and factors influencing receipt of different prostheses.

Results
We identified 53,967 penile prosthetic surgeries in the NIS; annual number implanted decreased from 4,703 to 2,338. Inflatable prostheses incurred higher costs but had a similar length of stay (LOS). In MVA, Caucasian race, Peyronie's disease, and private insurance were independently associated with receipt of an inflatable prosthesis. We identified 7,054 penile prostheses in OSHPD; annual number implanted decreased from 760 to 318. The proportion of inflatable prostheses increased significantly from 78.4% to 88.4% between 2001 and 2010. Inflatable prostheses incurred higher costs but had similar median LOS. In MVA, Caucasians and men without spinal cord injury were more likely to receive inflatable prosthesis.

Conclusion
Hospital-based penile prosthetic surgery has decreased substantially both nationwide and in California. In the United States, Caucasian race, Peyronie's disease, and private insurance were independently associated with receipt of an inflatable penile prosthesis. California population data correlated with national trends and can be utilized to further study surgical management of ED.
Responsiveness of the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ)
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Currie Brooke M. , Thompson Christine L. , Smith Ted M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
In order to reliably assess treatment effectiveness, patient-reported outcome instruments must demonstrate adequate psychometric properties.

Aim
To assess the responsiveness of the Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) using data from two Phase 3 trials of collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Peyronie's disease (PD).

Methods
Both trials recruited adult males with PD who were in a stable relationship with a female partner for at least 3 months. Patients completed the PDQ, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and a global assessment of PD (GAPD) questionnaire at baseline and Weeks 24 and 52. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to evaluate the responsiveness of the PDQ.

Main Outcome Measure
Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire.

Results
The number of men available with baseline and Week 52 data was 267 for Study 1 and 270 for Study 2. The mean age was 58.0 for Study 1 and 57.4 for Study 2; the majority were white (95.2% and 97.3%, respectively). Mean PDQ subscale change scores from baseline to Week 52 for both studies ranged from −1.5 to −4.6 (P &lt; 0.0001). In Study 1, effect sizes were moderate to large on the Psychological and Physical Symptoms (−0.56) and Symptom Bother subscales (−0.84). For patients with penile pain at baseline, the effect size was large (−1.05) for the Penile Pain subscale. Similar effect sizes were seen in Study 2. The Psychological and Physical Symptoms and Symptom Bother subscales significantly discriminated patient improvement ratings of GAPD and degree of penile curvature at Weeks 24 and 52.

Conclusions
The PDQ is highly responsive to change in men with PD.
Patients with primary insomnia in the sleep laboratory: do they present with typical nights of sleep?
Authors: Hirscher Verena , Unbehaun Thomas , Feige Bernd , Nissen Christoph , Riemann Dieter , Spiegelhalder Kai 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe validity of sleep laboratory investigations in patients with insomnia is important for researchers and clinicians. The objective of this study was to examine the first‐night effect and the reverse first‐night effect in patients with chronic primary insomnia compared with good sleeper controls. A retrospective comparison of a well‐characterised sample of 50 patients with primary insomnia and 50 good sleeper controls was conducted with respect to 2 nights of polysomnography, and subjective sleep parameters in the sleep laboratory and the home setting. When comparing the first and second sleep laboratory night, a significant first‐night effect was observed across both groups in the great majority of the investigated polysomnographic and subjective variables. However, patients with primary insomnia and good sleeper controls did not differ with respect to this effect. Regarding the comparison between the sleep laboratory nights and the home setting, unlike good sleeper controls, patients with primary insomnia reported an increased subjective sleep efficiency on both nights (in part due to a reduced bed time) and an increased subjective total sleep time on the second night. These results suggest that even the second sleep laboratory night does not necessarily provide clinicians and researchers with a representative insight into the sleep perception of patients with primary insomnia. Future studies should investigate whether these findings also hold for other patient populations.
Identification of a nonsense mutation in feline ABCB1
Authors: Mealey K. L. , Burke N. S. 
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to sequence all exons of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene in cats that had experienced adverse reactions to P‐glycoprotein substrate drugs (phenotyped cats). Eight phenotyped cats were included in the study consisting of eight cats that experienced central nervous system toxicosis after receiving ivermectin (n = 2), a combination product containing moxidectin and imidacloprid (n = 3), a combination product containing praziquantel and emodepside (n = 1) or selamectin (n = 2), and 1 cat that received the product containing praziquantel and emodepside but did not experience toxicity (n = 1). Fifteen exons contained polymorphisms and twelve exons showed no variation from the reference sequence. The most significant finding was a nonsense mutation (ABCB11930_1931del TC) in one of the ivermectin‐treated cats. This cat was homozygous for the deletion mutation. All of the other phenotyped cats were homozygous for the wild‐type allele. However, 14 missense mutations were identified in one or more phenotyped cats. ABCB11930_1931del TC was also identified in four nonphenotyped cats (one homozygous and three heterozygous for the mutant allele). Cats affected by ABCB11930_1931del TC would be expected to have a similar phenotype as dogs with the previously characterized ABCB1‐1Δ mutation.
First Japanese case of muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the anoctamin 5 gene
Authors: Kida Hiroshi , Sano Ken , Yorita Akiko , Miura Shiroh , Ayabe Mitsuyoshi , Hayashi Yukiko , Nishino Ichizo , Taniwaki Takayuki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMutations in the anoctamin 5 gene cause either limb girdle muscular dystrophy or Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3 in Caucasians. We herein describe a 49‐year‐old Japanese man with asymmetry of the leg circumference since childhood. Muscle involvement began at the calf muscles, and later spread to the thigh and paraspinal muscles on imaging and physical examination. His external genitalia were morphologically hypoplastic. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous mutation, c.1178G>A (p.Trp393X), in the anoctamin 5 gene. This is the first Japanese case with Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3 caused by an anoctamin 5 gene mutation (anoctaminopathy). The muscle impairment associated with Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3 appears to spread from the distal to proximal lower extremities.
Clinical comparison of weight‐ and age‐based strategy of dose administration in children receiving intravenous busulfan for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gürlek Gökçebay D. , Azik F. , Ozbek N. , Isik P. , Avci Z. , Tavil B. , Kara A. , Tunc B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBu, combined with TDM‐guided dosing, is associated with fewer graft failures/relapses and lower toxicity in pediatric HSCT. We aimed this retrospective study for comparison of weight‐ and age‐based dosing in terms of clinical outcomes such as time to engraftment, early complications, EFS, OS, and toxicity profiles in children receiving iv Bu. Sixty‐one children who underwent HSCT from April 2010 to February 2013 by means of a Bu‐based conditioning regimen and completed 100 days after transplantation at Ankara Children?s Hematology and Oncology Hospital Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit were enrolled in this study. SOS and neutropenic fever occurred more frequently in the weight‐based dosing group. We found a statistically significant correlation between Bu dose and the incidence of SOS (r = 0.26, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed only weight‐based dosing of Bu was a significant predictor of SOS (HR = 9.46; p = 0.009). However, no relationship was found between two groups in terms of hemorrhagic cystitis, engraftment syndrome, acute or chronic GvHD, time to engraftment, chimerism, TRM, OS, and EFS rates. Weight‐based dosing of Bu may cause higher incidence of SOS and early infectious complications at the places where TDM of Bu cannot be performed.
Anorexia nervosa in a pediatric renal transplant recipient and its reversal with cyclosporine
Authors: Okechuku Gyongyi , Boulos Andrew K. , Herman Lettie , Upadhyay Kiran 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report a 16‐yr‐old female who developed AN within a month after renal transplantation and its resolution after switching from tacrolimus to cyclosporine. Her initial maintenance immunosuppressive regimen after renal transplantation consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroid. She had 7 kg weight loss within the first month of transplant with subsequent 10, 12, 17, and 19 kg loss after three, five, seven, and nine months of transplant, respectively. Besides weight loss and disturbances in body image, the patient developed alopecia, bradycardia, and persistent secondary amenorrhea. Upon switching to cyclosporine from tacrolimus nine months after transplant, she started regaining weight with 5 kg gain within two months and 10 kg after four months. She restarted her menstrual cycle, alopecia and bradycardia resolved, and her body image disturbance improved. Here, we describe a very unusual neuropsychiatric side effect of tacrolimus and its resolution with another calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine, in an adolescent renal transplant recipient.
Interfacial Engineering of CdO–CdSe 3D Microarchitectures with in situ Photopolymerized PEDOT for an Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Lim Iseul , Shinde Dipak V. , Patil Supriya A. , Ahn Do Young , Lee Wonjoo , Shrestha Nabeen K. , Lee Joong Kee , Han Sung‐Hwan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the present work, porous 3D CdO‐microstructured electrode obtained by pyrolysis of 3D CdCO3 microstructures is self‐sensitized with CdSe using an ion exchange reaction. After sensitization, an interfacial treatment of the CdO–CdSe interface is performed by depositing a thin film of PEDOT using a photoinduce polymerization route. The microstructured electrode before and after interfacial treatment is characterized using field‐emission scanning microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray analyzer, contact angle measurement, UV–Visible absorption spectrophotometer and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer. After constructing a liquid junction solar cell with a Pt counter electrode, the photovoltaic performance and interfacial charge transfer kinetics across the CdO–CdSe interface before and after PEDOT treatment are investigated. The results exhibit an improved interfacial charge‐transfer resistance after the PEDOT treatment, which leads to enhance the short‐circuit current by 15.81% and the power conversion efficiency by 19.82%.
Occurrence and ITS diversity of wood‐associatedBursaphelenchusnematodes in Scots pine forests in Switzerland
Authors: Prospero S. , Polomski J. , Rigling D. 
Published: February 2015

The quarantine pathogenBursaphelenchus xylophilus(pine wood nematode,PWN) represents a serious threat forPinusspecies in Europe. To exclude its presence in Switzerland, in 2010 and 2011 a countrywide survey was conducted in 102Pinus sylvestrisstands, chosen according to whether they contained dying or dead trees or were located in areas at risk ofPWNintroduction. In total, 285 trees (1–5 per site) were sampled. Nematodes were extracted from wood chips using a standard procedure, and identified to species by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing.Bursaphelenchusspecies were present in 34% of the trees, but noB. xylophiluswas identified, i.e.PWNis still not present in Switzerland. The nematodes found belonged to seven different species, withB. vallesianusthe most frequent species, followed byB. sexdentati,B. mucronatus kolymensisandB. eggersi. Three other species (B. borealis,B. pinophilus,B. poligraphi) were each only present in one or two trees. Three groups of sequences could not be assigned to a species because of the lack of matching reference sequences. The species composition found in Switzerland suggests co‐existence of southern and central EuropeanBursaphelenchusspecies. Intraspecific ITS variability differed considerably among the four most common species.Bursaphelenchus eggersi,B. mucronatus kolymensisandB. sexdentatihad several variable sites in the ITS region, resulting in multiple ITS genotypes in each species. In contrast, all 99B. vallesianusisolates had an identical ITS region. This could indicate a founder effect, and possibly thatB. vallesianusis not native to the Alpine region.
Liquid‐based cytology and cell block immunocytochemistry in veterinary medicine: comparison with standard cytology for the evaluation of canine lymphoid samples
Authors: Fernandes N. C.C. A. , Guerra J. M. , Réssio R. A. , Wasques D. G. , Etlinger‐Colonelli D. , Lorente S. , Nogueira E. , Dagli M. L. Z. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLiquid‐based Cytology (LBC) consists of immediate wet cell fixation with automated slide preparation. We applied LBC, cell block (CB) and immunocytochemistry to diagnose canine lymphoma and compare results with conventional cytology. Samples from enlarged lymph nodes of 18 dogs were collected and fixed in preservative solution for automated slide preparation (LBC), CB inclusion and immunophenotyping. Two CB techniques were tested: fixed sediment method (FSM) and agar method (AM). Anti‐CD79a, anti‐Pax5, anti‐CD3 and anti‐Ki67 were used in immunocytochemistry. LBC smears showed better nuclear and nucleolar definition, without cell superposition, but presented smaller cell size and worse cytoplasmic definition. FSM showed consistent cellular groups and were employed for immunocytochemistry, while AM CBs presented sparse groups of lymphocytes, with compromised analysis. Anti‐Pax‐5 allowed B‐cell identification, both in reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes. Our preliminary report suggests that LBC and FSM together may be promising tools to improve lymphoma diagnosis through fine‐needle aspiration.
Clinical outcome,PDGFRβandKITexpression in feline histiocytic disorders: a multicentre study
Authors: Treggiari E. , Ressel L. , Polton G. A. , Benoit J. , Desmas I. , Blackwood L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInformation about histiocytic disease in cats is limited. The aim of this study was to document clinical findings and outcome in feline histiocytic disorders, and characterize the expression ofPDGFRβandKITin order to identify potential treatment targets. Morphologically diagnosed feline histiocytic tumours were reviewed and characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Five cases of feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH), eight histiocytic sarcomas (HS) and two haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcomas (HaeHS) were confirmed.PDGFRβwas variably positive in most histiocytic cases, whileKITwas negative in all. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome were also evaluated. Partial responses were recorded in measurable disease with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and lomustine, and radiotherapy achieved long‐term control in some cases. Survival times were shortest inHaeHSand disseminated disease.PDGFRβ, but notKIT, may represent a therapeutic target in feline histiocytic disorders but more studies are needed to investigate other potential treatment targets.
Effect of antioxidants on histamine receptor activation and sustained postexercise vasodilatation in humans
Authors: Romero Steven A. , Ely Matthew R. , Sieck Dylan C. , Luttrell Meredith J. , Buck Tahisha M. , Kono Jordan M. , Branscum Adam J. , Halliwill John R. 
Published: February 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is exercise‐induced oxidative stress the upstream exercise‐related signalling mechanism that leads to sustained postexercise vasodilatation via activation of H1 and H2 histamine receptors?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Systemic administration of the antioxidant ascorbate inhibits sustained postexercise vasodilatation to the same extent as seen previously with H1 and H2 histamine receptor blockade following small muscle‐mass exercise. However, ascorbate has a unique ability to catalyse the degradation of histamine. We also found that systemic infusion of the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine had no effect on sustained postexercise vasodilatation, suggesting that exercise‐induced oxidative stress does not contribute to sustained postexercise vasodilatation.

An acute bout of aerobic exercise elicits a sustained postexercise vasodilatation that is mediated by histamine H1 and H2 receptor activation. However, the upstream signalling pathway that leads to postexercise histamine receptor activation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the potent antioxidant ascorbate would inhibit this histaminergic vasodilatation following exercise. Subjects performed 1 h of unilateral dynamic knee extension at 60% of peak power in three conditions: (i) control; (ii) i.v. ascorbate infusion; and (iii) ascorbate infusion plus oral H1/H2 histamine receptor blockade. Femoral artery blood flow was measured (using Doppler ultrasound) before exercise and for 2 h postexercise. Femoral vascular conductance was calculated as flow/pressure. Postexercise vascular conductance was greater for control conditions (3.4 ± 0.1 ml min−1 mmHg−1) compared with ascorbate (2.7 ± 0.1 ml min−1 mmHg−1; P < 0.05) and ascorbate plus H1/H2 blockade (2.8 ± 0.1 ml min−1 mmHg−1; P < 0.05), which did not differ from one another (P = 0.9). Given that ascorbate may catalyse the degradation of histamine in vivo, we conducted a follow‐up study, in which subjects performed exercise in two conditions: (i) control; and (ii) i.v. N‐acetylcysteine infusion. Postexercise vascular conductance was similar for control (4.0 ± 0.1 ml min−1 mmHg−1) and N‐acetylcysteine conditions (4.0 ± 0.1 ml min−1 mmHg−1; P = 0.8). Thus, the results in the initial study were due to the degradation of histamine in skeletal muscle by ascorbate, because the histaminergic vasodilatation was unaffected by N‐acetylcysteine. Overall, exercise‐induced oxidative stress does not appear to contribute to sustained postexercise vasodilatation.
A Comparative Analysis of Media Lengua and Quichua Vowel Production
Authors: Stewart Jesse 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of F1 and F2 vowel frequencies from Pijal Media Lengua (PML) and Imbabura Quichua. Mixed-effects models are used to test Spanish-derived high and low vowels against their Quichua-derived counterparts for statistical significance. Spanish-derived and Quichua-derived high vowels are also tested against Spanish-derived mid vowels. This analysis suggests that PML may be manipulating as many as eight vowels where Spanishderived high and low vowels coexist as near-mergers with their Quichua-derived counterparts, while high and mid vowels coexist with partial overlap. Quichua, traditionally viewed as a three-vowel system, shows similar results and may be manipulating as many as six vowels.
The Dynamics of Southern Ocean Storm Tracks
Authors: Chapman Christopher C. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Kiss Andrew E. , Rintoul Stephen R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms that initiate and maintain oceanic “storm tracks” (regions of anomalously high eddy kinetic energy) are studied in a wind-driven, isopycnal, primitive equation model with idealized bottom topography. Storm tracks are found downstream of the topography in regions strongly influenced by a large-scale stationary meander that is generated by the interaction between the background mean flow and the topography. In oceanic storm tracks the length scale of the stationary meander differs from that of the transient eddies, a point of distinction from the atmospheric storm tracks. When the zonal length and height of the topography are varied, the storm-track intensity is largely unchanged and the downstream storm-track length varies only weakly. The dynamics of the storm track in this idealized configuration are investigated using a wave activity flux (related to the Eliassen–Palm flux and eddy energy budgets). It is found that vertical fluxes of wave activity (which correspond to eddy growth by baroclinic conversion) are localized to the region influenced by the standing meander. Farther downstream, organized horizontal wave activity fluxes (which indicate eddy energy fluxes) are found. A mechanism for the development of oceanic storm tracks is proposed: the standing meander initiates localized conversion of energy from the mean field to the eddy field, while the storm track develops downstream of the initial baroclinic growth through the ageostrophic flux of Montgomery potential. Finally, the implications of this analysis for the parameterization and prediction of storm tracks in ocean models are discussed.
Decomposition of a New Proper Score for Verification of Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Christensen H. M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new proper score, the error-spread score (ES), has recently been proposed for evaluation of ensemble forecasts of continuous variables. The ES is formulated with respect to the moments of the ensemble forecast. It is particularly sensitive to evaluating how well an ensemble forecast represents uncertainty: is the probabilistic forecast well calibrated? In this paper, it is shown that the ES can be decomposed into its reliability, resolution, and uncertainty components in a similar way to the Brier score. The first term evaluates the reliability of the forecast standard deviation and skewness, rewarding systems where the forecast moments reliably indicate the properties of the verification. The second term evaluates the resolution of the forecast standard deviation and skewness, and rewards systems where the forecast moments vary from the climatological moments according to the predictability of the atmospheric flow. The uncertainty term depends only on the observed error distribution and is independent of the forecast standard deviation or skewness. The decomposition was demonstrated using forecasts made with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ensemble prediction system, and was able to identify the source of the skill in the forecasts at different latitudes.