bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrofauna edáfica asociada a sistemas agroforestales en la Amazonia Colombiana
Authors: Suárez Salazar Juan Carlos , Durán Bautista Ervin Humprey , Rosas Patiño Gelber 
Published: July 2015

La densidad, riqueza y diversidad de la macrofauna edáfica son afectadas, entre otros factores, por la con-figuración de los agroecosistemas y la estacionalidad de la precipitación. Con el fin de evaluar estos efec-tos en mayo y noviembre de 2011, correspondientes a épocas de máxima y mínima precipitación, respecti-vamente, se realizaron estudios sobre la composición de la macrofauna edáfica asociada con los arreglos agroforestales ubicados en el Centro de Investigaciones Macagual Cesar Augusto Estrada González de Corpoica, Amazonia, Caquetá, Colombia. El experimento se dispuso en un diseño completo al azar bifac-torial con cuatro tratamientos (arreglos agroforestales: AB = abarco – Cariniana pyriformis; CH = caucho Hevea brasiliensis; CP = caucho-parica Schizolobium amazonicum Huber; UV = uvito Genipa Americana L.) y dos épocas (máxima y mínima precipitación), y cuatro repeticiones en parcelas divididas. Para explorar las relaciones entre los órdenes de macrofauna, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales y se evalúo el efecto de los arreglos agroforestales con una prueba de Monte Carlo. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad de la macrofauna fue mayor en el periodo de máxima precipitación (1129 individuos) en compa-ración con el de mínima (598 individuos). Los arreglos agroforestales influyen sobre la presencia o ausen-cia de algunos grupos taxonómicos (P &lt; 0.05) como Homoptera (Insecta) y Raphidioptera (Insecta); ade-más los UV y AB pueden favorecer a la macrofauna del estrés por sequía.<div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Simbiosis de micorrizas arbusculares en plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en condiciones de inundación y secano
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Michel , Santana Baños Yoerlandy , Muñoz Hernández Yaumara , Martínez Robaina Alexei Yoan , Bharat Beesham Vishnu 
Published: July 2015

En la Unidad Científico Tecnológica de Base Los Palacios, Cuba, a 22° 34’ 32.73’’ N y 83° 14’ 11.95’’ O, se evaluó el efecto de la inundación sobre la colonización de hongos micorrízicos ar-busculares durante la fase vegetativa de plantas de arroz cultivar INCA LP-5. Se realizaron dos experimentos en condiciones de invernadero en macetas con una capacidad de 800 g de suelo, ambos experimentos en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado. Uno de ellos se realizó con Rhizophagus (=Glomus) intraradices (Ri), donde se evaluó la dinámica de colonización de la simbiosis micorrízica en condiciones de inundación y secano (no inundadas). En el segun-do experimento se trabajó con Glomus cubense (Gcb) y se evaluó la colonización micorrízica en plantas de arroz cultivadas con diferentes alturas de lámina de agua. En ambos experimentos se evaluaron altura de la planta, producción de masa seca y tasa absoluta de crecimiento. Co-mo resultado se encontró que las plantas de arroz fueron colonizadas a partir del día 35 después de la germinación, tanto en condiciones inundadas como no inundadas, con una tendencia al incremento en el tiempo. Se comprobó que la colonización micorrízica disminuyó en condiciones de inundación y a medida que la altura de la lámina de agua fue superior se encontraron valo-res inferiores de este indicador. La colonización micorrízica incrementó el desarrollo de las plan-tas de arroz<div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Análisis de los sistemas de semillas en países de América Latina
Authors: Arenas Calle Wendy Catalina , Cardozo Conde Carlos Ivan , Baena Margarita 
Published: July 2015

América Latina es una región que posee una gran riqueza ambiental, cultural y social, con sistemas variables de agricultura según sus condiciones de producción, cultivos, y factores culturales, económicos y políticos. Esta amplia diversidad de factores influye en los niveles de productividad agrícola y en la capacidad competitividad de la región. El sector de semillas es diferente en cada país y posee características, dinámicas y normas propias según sus contextos locales, incluso, dentro de un país coexisten diferencias entre los sectores semilleros entre cultivos y/o regiones. Considerando que cada sistema tiene sus propias características, actores e interacciones, se hace necesario proponer estudios para abordar su conocimiento a través de los cuales se determine el estado de desarrollo del sector en cada país. En este estudio se realiza una revisión bibliográfica y búsqueda de datos disponibles referentes a los sistemas de semillas de Brasil, Guatemala, Perú y Colombia con el fin de presentar el estado y desarrollo del sistema en cada uno de ellos. En general, el sistema en Brasil muestra un sistema evolucionado según los criterios de clasificación de Douglas (1982). Colombia y Perú presentan sistemas desarrollados para algunos cultivos, especialmente los de tipos comercial de mayor interés. En Guatemala el abastecimiento de semillas depende principalmente de la producción propia de agricultores y/u organizaciones públicas mediante programas dirigidos al apoyo de pequeños agricultores.<div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Detección de Eurhizococcus colombianus (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) en mora por espectroscopía del infrarrojo cercano
Authors: Meneses ospina Elizabeth , Arango Gloria , Correa Guillermo , Ruiz Orlando , Vargas Luis Gonzalo , Perez Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2015

<p>La selección de métodos apropiados para muestreo y análisis es un aspecto importante en el estudio de plagas subterráneas. El conocimiento de su biología, depende del uso de herramientas sensibles para su detección en el ambientecomplejo del suelo y las raíces. Recientemente se ha propuesto el uso de espec-troscopia infrarroja cercana (conocida como NIR, por su sigla en inglés) para el diagnóstico fitosanitario no destructivo en cultivos, aprovechando la manifestación de propiedades ópticas únicas para cada grupo de plantas y organismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de espectroscopía NIR en muestras de hojas y suelo rizosférico, para detectar la presencia del insecto subterráneo Eurhizococcus colombianus en cultivos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth.), en la región del Oriente antioqueño. La información obteni-da en siete fincas distribuidas en cinco municipios indica que a través de los patrones espectrales de las hojas y el suelo rizosférico es posible clasificar las plantas con presencia o ausencia del insecto dentro de cada finca. Sin embargo, no fue posible establecer un modelo general para todas las fincas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten vislumbrar una herramienta no destructiva muy promisoria para detectar el insecto y entender las condiciones asociadas con su presencia en el cultivo, lo que favorecería el diseño de estrate-gias de manejo de este tipo de plaga, con base en el conocimiento de su ecología, ayudando así a la toma de decisiones ambientalmente amigables, razonables y<a class="gwuezxlcmh" title="Click to Continue &gt; by PriceMinus" href="#86747522"> oportunas<img src="http://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" alt="" /></a> por parte de los agricultores.</p><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Mutagénesis inducida en microbulbos de Allium sativum L.
Authors: Pardo Adriana Ana 
Published: July 2015

Se estableció un protocolo de mutagénesis en microbulbos de ajo (Allium sativum L.) clon Boconó cultivado in vitro. Para el efecto se realizaron dos ensayos, uno de radiosensibilidad para establecer la dosimetría apropiada de radiación gamma y otro de mutagénesis para determinar el comportamiento de los materiales hasta la etapa de almacenamiento. En el primero los microbulbos fueron tratados con cuatros dosis de radiación gamma (6, 8, 10 y 12 Krad), más un control. Para establecer la dosis óptima se consideró la sobrevivencia del 50% de los microbulbos (DL50). Se<a class="wzyjlsyk" title="Click to Continue &gt; by PriceMinus" href="#89278961"> empleó<img src="http://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" alt="" /></a>un diseño de bloques al azar con cinco tratamientos y 20 repeticiones por tratamiento. En el ensayo mutagénico los microbulbos fueron irradiados con 8 y 10 Krad y almacenados durante 45 días a 10 °C en condiciones de oscuridad En este caso se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con tres tratamientos (0, 8 y 10 Krad) y 20 repeticiones por tratamiento. En ambos ensayos, los microbulbos irradiados con 8 y 10 Krad registraron los mayores promedios para peso y diámetro, lo cual permite concluir que estas dosis son adecuadas para favorecer la producción de mutantes con características agronómicas deseables en el clon Boconó.<div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Caracterización de cultivares de duraznero [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] por resistencia a heladas
Authors: Chaar Javier Emilio 
Published: July 2015

Las heladas primaverales son una de las principales limitantes de la producción de frutales de clima tem-plado. Dentro de una misma especie existe variabilidad en resistencia frente al daño en órganos florales ocasionado por temperaturas bajo cero durante la salida del reposo invernal. En cinco cultivares de du-raznero [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] y uno de nectarino se evaluó el daño ocasionado por heladas y se determinaron la fecha de plena floración y la densidad de floración. Adicionalmente se determinó la tem-peratura letal media (TL50) de las yemas florales en el estado de flor abierta, mediante descensos térmicos controlados en laboratorio. Los cultivares (cv) de duraznero Maria Bianca y Summer Pearl presentaron las mayores densidades de flores sanas por cm de ramo, luego de la ocurrencia de temperaturas bajo cero en campo. La resistencia a heladas en campo se relacionó principalmente con la elevada densidad de flora-ción, en combinación, en algunos casos, con floración tardía. La floración tardía por sí sola no resultó una característica de resistencia; por tanto, para la elección de cultivares de duraznero con menor riesgo de daño por temperaturas bajo cero es importante tener en cuenta más de una variable relacionada con los órganos reproductivos.<div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfrkjahiuyi_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__zsc_once"> </div><div id="__if72ru4sdfsdfruh7fewui_once" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="__hggasdgjhsagd_once" style="display: none;"> </div>
Design of SkSP-R Variables Sampling Plans
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Balamurali Saminathan , Jun Chi-Hyuck , Hussain Batool 
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present the designing of the skip-lot sampling plan including the re-inspection called SkSP-R. The plan parameters of the proposed plan are determined through a nonlinear optimization problem by minimizing the average sample number satisfying both the producer's risk and the consumer's risks. The proposed plan is shown to perform better than the existing sampling plans in terms of the average sample number. The application of the proposed plan is explained with the help of illustrative examples.
Heat transport across a gold nanowire/water interface enhanced by the solution ionic strength
Authors: Baral Susil , Green Andrew J. , Richardson Hugh H. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTLithographically fabricated gold nanowires are optically excited with 532nm CW laser and the local temperature change is measured in air, pure water and various concentration aqueous solutions of ionic solutes NaCl, Na2SO4 and MgSO4 using the thermal sensor film of Al0.94Ga0.06N embedded with Er3+ ions. The interface thermal resistance for heat transfer from the excited nanowires into the surrounding liquid is determined from the slopes of the temperature change versus laser intensity plots obtained for the nanowire excitation under various solutions. Addition of ionic solute molecules into the solution decreases the interface thermal resistance and hence leads to increased heat dissipation into the surrounding liquid. Interface thermal resistance decreases exponentially with the ionic strength of solution and saturates around zero for solution ionic strength of 0.3M and higher.
Thermal Shock Induced Phases Transformation and Microstructural Changes in a Novel Hydrogen Transport Membrane
Authors: Zhang Lily, Yongjun , Bandopadhyay Sukumar , Balachandran U. (Balu) , Nag Nagendra 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBulk samples of a novel cermet (ceramic/metal composite) hydrogen transport membrane (HTM) were subjected to thermal cycling in the temperature range between 25-850°C to study phase transformations and microstructural changes under thermal shock. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the microstructural and chemical changes in the membrane upon thermal cycling. SEM & EPMA analyses indicated that the temperature gradient during thermal cycling produced more micro-cracks inside the HTM disc, whereas, the chemical reaction between Pd and oxygen to form PdO disturbed the continuity of the metal palladium (Pd) - Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) dual phases interconnection system from surface down. The agglomerates of un-crystallized YSZ grains found to be the inherent in the cracks of the as-received HTM. A combination of trans-granular and inter-granular crack propagation results around the YSZ grains and the new precipitates. Based on the electron fractography analyses by both SEM and EPMA, the micro voids coalescence develops ahead of the crack tips in the cross-section of the HTM after 500 thermal cycles.
Accelerated curing regimes for polymer-modified cement
Authors: Hoe Kwan Wai , Ramli Mahyuddin , Ban Cheah Chee 
Published: July 2015

Polymer-modified materials provide numerable enhancements to cementitious composites. However, the curing/hardening conditions for cementitious and polymeric materials differ significantly, although they are mixed to form a single entity. Cement requires a moist environment for the hydration process to occur, while polymers require a hot and dry environment. Consequently, the polymer-modified composite exhibits lower compressive strength than the ordinary cementitious product. The objective of the present study was to resolve this issue by using accelerated curing regimens, following the fundamental concept that the dominant contribution to the toughness of the composite matrix is from the cement system, while polymer films refine the microstructure. Hygrothermal treatment for plain mortar was first developed in order to achieve 100% of the 28-day strength after treatment is completed. The hot + dry treatment required for the formation of polymer film was studied in the second phase of this study, together with an investigation of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, after being subjected to the hygrothermal and hot + dry treatment, polymer-modified mortar can achieve low intrinsic permeability without compromising the compressive strength. A 15% polymer loading in styrene–butadiene rubber- and epoxy-modified mortar led to 46% and 18% higher compressive strengths, and 660% and 460% lower intrinsic permeabilities, compared with unmodified mortar, respectively.
Experience of Private Schools for Development of Advanced Learning Practices
Authors: Rogozina Tatyana , Shchur Tatyana 
Published: July 2015

An analysis of social orders that determined strategic development of gymnasium “Alma Mater” in Saint Petersburg throughout twenty years has allowed us to point out the most important changes that the gymnasium has gone through. The first social order the school responded to was teaching different children. In the 1990s, parents often sent their kids to private schools not in the search of elite education but because they didn’t have a possibility to send them in a public school. Children with learning and behavior problems made the best part of private school students. To respond to the demand for teaching different children, the gymnasium introduced subject-specific learning from the very first year at primary school in 1991. Another tangible change, introducing individual studies in 1994, was prompted by the impossibility for students to make same-level achievements at the same rate in compliance with the learning program. The gymnasium has been offering part-time and distance learning since 2003. For this purpose, the school structure has been provided with an externship department, with more teachers, and with ICT-based workplaces. We regard introducing subject-specific learning in primary school and individual studies at all stages of general education in the gymn asium as an embodiment of the idea of “adaptive school” engrained today in federal state educational standards. We believe that problems in private school education that arise due to changes in social orders, parental expectations and the student body forecast similar problems in the public school to appear in the nearest future. Bearing in mind consistent transformations in Russian education, it makes sense to consider the existing experience of private schools when designing and implementing public school development programs.
Expectations of Social Mobility in Different Types of MBA Students
Authors: Migunova Dina 
Published: July 2015

The empirical basis of the study is a 2010 survey among MBA students of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. Managers and entrepreneurs studying in the business school impose different requirements to content of educational programs and to organization of teaching process, depending on what changes they expect after graduating with MBA degrees. Based on these expectations, MBA students may be classified into three categories: stable, horizontally mobile, and vertically mobile. The stable type (40%) believes that business education will give them more self-confidence and help them secure their social status and current position in the company. Horizontally mobile students (34%) expect to change their job or field of activity after graduating from the business school. Vertically-mobile students (26%) envisage a career progress, a pay rise, an improvement of social status, or getting a job in a top corporation or in an international company. The conclusion is, usiness education can perform different functions for different categories of students, so maximum efficiency of MBA programs may be achieved through student segmentation and educational program differentiation (more detailed elaboration of educational content to adjust it to students’ emands; diversification of the set of subjects, etc.). Modern Russian business schools are rather unwilling to initiate research to study demands of both prospective students (including their status specifics, expectations, needs, and motivation for MBA studies) and employers (e. g. their equirements to successful candidates for specific positions), which blunts effectiveness of the business education system significantly.
For the Sake of the Future, not the Past. An interview with NRU HSE prorector Maria Yudkevich about the HSE Generations books
Authors: Pleshkov Aleksey 
Published: July 2015

Mariya Yudkevich, Ph.D. in Economics, prorector at the National Research University — Higher School of Economics, Director of the Center for Institutional Studies at the NRU HSE, tells in the interview about the conception and the history of creating the Pokoleniya VShE (HSE Generations) books published to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the university. The book Uchitelya ob uchitelyakh (Teachers about Teachers) contains reflections of famous scientists on the academic environments they made their first steps in. In Ucheniki ob uchitelyakh (Students about Teachers), young HSE researchers tell about the teachers who helped them get their idea of the university and of their academic ways. At first, the essays that gave birth to these books had been a special supplement to the Okna rosta news bulletin and had won the readers’ love. In the end, nearly one hundred NRU HSE employees contributed to the books. The Pokoleniya VShE books make it clear that formation of the university became possible due to a combination of various traditions which coexist today within the same institution through openness, academic honesty, professionalism and without a backward glance at disciplinary, institutional or national boundaries.
The First Assessment of Adult Competencies in Russia
Authors: Podolskiy Oleg , Popov Dmitry 
Published: July 2015

This paper opens a series of publications based on the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data. Among the many tasks PIAAC is aimed on the identification and measurement of differences between citizens and countries in the area of key competencies, evaluation of the impact of skills on individual economic and social achievement, the effectiveness of various national educational and training systems in providing necessary skills as well as the creation of the conditions for lifelong learning. PIAAC draws the first “profile” and pathbreaking results of Russian adults’ key competencies on literacy, numeracy and problem solving in technology-rich environment. The central part of the paper is dedicated to a general analysis of the role of competencies and competence-based approach, a description of the research method, sampling and tools used (including test samples) in the PIAAC, and particularly in Russian Federation. Finally, the paper deals with the first results of the adult competencies research in Russian Federation. The results on identified key competencies are presented in accordance with various age groups, and include gender and qualification level differences. IAAC is a long-term research project. Russia participated in the programme in 2009–2013. Over 5000 adults aged between 16 and 25 from 25 regions and 94 localities participated in the programme in Russia. The total sample included 3800 respondents; it is representative for the whole country except Moscow and Moscow Oblast. The average points Russia obtained in reading and mathematical literacy are comparable to those obtained in OECD countries. Nearly half of working-age adults in Russia either don’t have any computer experience or are incompetent users. As compared to OECD citizens, computer skills of Russian adults are more often restricted to doing only simple tasks (like logging in and out of their email boxes). As the level of education grows, so does the level of competencies of adult population in Russia. Similarly, competencies seem to accumulate with ageing, until the peak age of 45–49 years is reached. The discussion of the first PIAAC results and brief statement of research questions for future studies are presented.