bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathogenesis of cingulate atrophy in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tan Rachel H , Pok Karen , Wong Stephanie , Brooks Daniel , Halliday Glenda M , Kril Jillian J 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Early atrophy of the cingulate cortex is a feature of both behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with degeneration of the anterior cingulate region increasingly recognized as a strong predictor of bvFTD. The total number of neurons in this region, rather than the density of neurons, is associated with mood disturbance in other dementias, although there are no data on the extent and magnitude of neuronal loss in patients with bvFTD. While the density of small populations of neurons in this region has been assessed, it is unlikely that the degree of atrophy of the cingulate cortex seen in bvFTD can be explained by the loss of these subpopulations. This suggests that there is more generalized degeneration of neurons in this region in bvFTD.
The present study assesses total neuronal number, as well as characteristic pathologies, in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices of pathologically confirmed bvFTD (N = 11) and AD (N = 9) patients compared with age-matched controls (N = 14). The bvFTD cohort comprised 5 cases with tau pathology (Pick’s disease), and 6 with TDP-43 pathology.

Results
At postmortem, atrophy was detected in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices of bvFTD cases, but only in the posterior cingulate cortex of AD cases. As predicted, there was a significant reduction in both the density and total number of neurons in the anterior but not the posterior cingulate cortex of bvFTD cases with the opposite observed for the AD cases. Importantly, neuronal loss in the anterior cingulate cortex was only observed in cases with tau pathology.

Conclusions
This study confirms significant neuronal loss in the posterior but not anterior cingulate cortex in AD, and demonstrates that significant neuron loss in bvFTD occurs only in the anterior cingulate cortex but only in cases with tau pathology compared with cases with TDP pathology. We propose that significant neurodegeneration in the anterior cingulate cortex may be useful in differentiating the pathological subtypes in vivo.
Who are diabetic foot patients? A descriptive study on 873 patients
Authors: Madanchi Nima , Tabatabaei-Malazy Ozra , Pajouhi Mohammad , Heshmat Ramin , Larijani Bagher , Mohajeri-Tehrani Mohammad-Reza 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) as the leading cause of lower limb amputation is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patient and physician’s education plays a significant role in DFU prevention. While effective treatment and formulation of prevention guidelines for DFU require a thorough understanding of characteristics of DFU patients and their ulcers, there are reports that not only patients’ but also physicians’ information about these characteristics is inadequate. So we conducted this study to investigate these characteristics.

Methods
Necessary data was collected from medical archives of DFU patients admitted between 2002 and 2008 in two university hospitals.

Results
873 patients were included. Mean age was 59.3 ± 11.2 years and most of the patients developed DFU in 5th and 6th decades of their life. 58.1% were men. 28.8% had family history of DM. Mean duration of DM was 172.2 months. Mean duration of DFU was 79.8 days. Only 14.4% of the patients had Hemoglobin A1C < 7%. 69.6% of the patients had history of previous hospitalization due to DM complications. The most prevalent co-morbidities were renal, cardiovascular and ophthalmic ones. Most patients had “ischemic DFU” and DFU in their “right” limb. The most prevalent location of DFU was patients’ toes, with most of them being in the big toe. 28.2% of the patients underwent lower-limb amputations. The amputation rate in the hospital where the “multidisciplinary approach” has been used was lower (23.7% vs. 30.1%).

Conclusions
Number of patients with DFU is increasing. DFU is most likely to develop in middle-aged diabetic patients with a long duration of DM and poor blood sugar control who have other co-morbidities of DM. Male patients are at more risk. Recurrence of DFU is a major point of concern which underscores the importance of patient education to prevent secondary ulcers. As a result, educating medical and nursing personnel, applying screening and prevention guidelines, and allocating more resources are of great importance regarding treatment of DFU patients. Application of the “multidisciplinary approach” can reduce the rate of amputations. Primary care physicians might be furnished with the information presented in the present study.
Value of URTeC for geophysicists
Authors: Beeney Ken 
Published: July 2013

Geophysicists should make an effort to attend the first-of-its-kind joint-society (SEG, AAPG, and SPE) technical conference for Unconventional Resources, known as URTeC, to be held 12–14 August in Denver, Colorado. Geophysicists who now find themselves working on unconventional plays have had to adapt their skills in a variety of ways to be able to provide the proper analysis and input to multidisciplinary teams in exploration, appraisal, and development. Retooling our interpretation and analysis skills from the identification and mapping of conventional prospects where we focused on reservoir presence, trap timing, seal integrity, migration pathways, depth imaging, and attributes related to porosity and fluids involves refocusing on elastic properties, stress analysis, rock mechanics, fault and fracture trends, anisotropy, detailed time/depth conversion, structural attributes, and microseismic data.
Effect of Bathocuproine Electron-transport Layer in Small-molecule Solar Cells with Laminated Top Electrode
Authors: Sakomura Masaru , Matsushiro Minoru , Sawayama Masaya , Miura Shima , Delgertsetseg Byambasuren , Ganzorig Chimed , Ueda Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Small-molecule solar cells based on zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)–fullerene (C60) heterojunction structure were fabricated with a laminated top electrode. The photovoltaic (PV) performances of the laminated devices with and without a bathocuproine (BCP) buffer layer were investigated by comparing with those of the conventional devices with the top electrode deposited by successive vacuum evaporations. Improved PV performances by insertion of BCP buffer layer were observed with both the evaporation- and the lamination-type devices. These results suggest that the formation of the cathode-induced defect states below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of BCP would not be necessarily requisite for efficient charge transport across the BCP layer.
The narrative structure and antiwar discourse of Born on the Fourth of July: Screenplay and film
Authors: Larson Stephen 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article examines the atypical narrative structure director Oliver Stone and co-scenarist Ron Kovic employed to create a screenplay and cinematic incarnation of the latter’s memoir, Born on the Fourth of July (Kovic, 1976). The eponymous film (Stone, 1989) is exceptional from other screen war biographies in that it adeptly incorporates a triptych and elongated five-act structure to punctuate the transformation of a gung-ho marine into a committed political activist. The article’s main purpose is to expand on the foundations of narrative theory that have been applied to Fourth of July and create a new perceptual lens (via Freytagian criticism) for other avenues to examine how the text cultivates an antiwar discourse. Stone’s structural choices are motivated by a political agenda. It is argued that via the theoretical application of Gustav Freytag’s pyramidal five-act structure to Fourth of July’s narratological makeup, I demonstrate how Stone presents a series of significant signs and signifiers through several scenes which effectively depict Kovic’s evolving maturation and growth. Although Freytag’s pyramid has historically played an important role in the analysis of modes such as drama and film, I propose to bring it to bear on Stone’s film in order to reframe existing critical and popular discussions of the film.
Translation, theatre practice, and the jazz metaphor
Authors: O’Thomas Mark 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article assumes a position that sees translation – the interlingual transposition of languages – and adaptation – the (sometimes) interlingual (and sometimes) intersemiotic textual practice as one process despite their separate histories, theories and fields of study. The notion of adaptation is invoked all too often by those commissioning translations as a pejorative, a slur on a (target) text’s authenticity and integrity while for the commissioners of adaptations, translation remains a moniker for either interlingual transposition or a metaphor for supposed one-to-one correspondences of words, scenes, ideas and themes. Jazz, like translation, remains a minority interest, something that operates on the fringes of its more mainstream twin (popular music/literature). But its true power lies in its ability to subvert, invert, move, adapt, but always move forward and change. In this sense, it provides a convenient and creative way to view translation – as a performance on a source, and more specifically a certain kind of performance – jazz. In seeing the relationship between the source and the target, the original text/s and its/their newly forged resultant whole, as essentially dialogic and responsive, adaptation and translation can be viewed as performances on their sources. Just as actors might seek to engage with a text, find a connection with it, and perform it in a personal way that reflects their creative response to that text, so too we can begin to see the work of translators and adaptors beyond the world and scope of theatre practice.
Adaptation as sadomasochism: The case of Guy Maddin’s Dracula: Pages from a Virgin’s Diary
Authors: Brownlee Shannon 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The article argues that the violence of rhetoric pertaining to fidelity in adaptation – e.g., that the adaptation ‘destroys’ or ‘mutilates’ the adapted text – may at times be symptomatic not of displeasure, but of sadomasochistic pleasure in adaptation. As readers, viewers and listeners develop fantasmatic relationships to texts, they identify with narrative structures, characters and style. Reading, viewing or listening to an adaptation as such can thus be seen as a way of fantasizing both the adaptation and the adapted text, and particularly of fantasizing the latter’s wholeness of meaning and/or form. Guy Maddin’s exemplary Dracula: Pages from a Virgin’s Diary in 2002 is analysed in terms of its ‘dismemberment’ of the ballet on which it is based. While ballet is usually conceived as an art form that communicates through dancers’ whole bodies, Maddin’s film obscures parts of the frame through picture distortion and ‘cuts off’ parts of the bodies through framing and editing techniques in order to elicit sadomasochistic pleasure. The conception of a sadomasochistic form of adaptation is not, however, restricted to film adaptations of ballet, and the article briefly discusses other possible applications of the theory.
Pennies from Heaven from BBC to MGM: Adaptation and the anti-musical
Authors: Shostak Debra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
When Dennis Potter adapted his award-winning 1978 BBC television miniseries Pennies from Heaven into an MGM musical, it failed at the box office and subsequently received scant critical attention for its innovations. Both productions probe the border between fantasy and reality, signified by the generic juxtaposition of melodrama and the musical as characters pursue dreams mediated by popular song. Both shift modes between naturalism and stylization, notably in Potter’s signature device, in which the actors lip-sync and dance to 1930s recordings. Yet while both versions of Pennies offer disruptive hybrid forms, they accomplish significantly different ends. The BBC series elides fantasy and reality to explore character, suggesting the interpenetration of these oppositions in the characters’ consciousnesses. Herbert Ross’s film, however, serves as an anti-musical by putting the genres and modes on collision course. In a close comparative reading of the two versions of Pennies, especially of select musical sequences, the article argues that the film shifts the discourse’s meanings from a psychological and sociological study to an ideological critique of the musical as a cinematic form.
‘Love is a con. A construction. And I am an engineer’: De-constructing bisexual love and rejection in Othello’s Revenge (2011)
Authors: Rodosthenous George 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article will examine the directorial approaches in Othello’s Revenge, directed by George Rodosthenous, in order to provide an insight to the adaptation process. The ‘framing’ of Iago, leading to his and Othello’s revenge, will be discussed in juxtaposition to K. McLelland’s bisexual reading of Othello in 2011 and I. Karremann’s evaluation in 2003 that ‘the play reads either as the tragic failure of a heterosexual love or as the tragic failure of a homosocial desire’. The different forms of sexual, homosocial and bisexual love will be explored in relation to the main characters in this production and demonstrate how Cassio, the only survivor of this emotional and physical catastrophe, was in fact the main axis for the narrative.
Economies of Scope, Entry Deterrence and Welfare
Authors: Pires Cesaltina Pacheco , Catalão-Lopes Margarida 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper develops a model where the incumbent may expand to a related market to signal economies of scope and deter entry in the former market. We show that the incumbent only expands when scope economies are large enough. Thus expansion is a signal of larger economies of scope and, for certain parameter values, leads to entry deterrence. Although our game is two-period, the expansion strategy creates a long-term advantage. We further investigate the implications of prohibiting an entry-deterrent expansion. A major finding is that, in our model, this prohibition always decreases consumer surplus. In terms of global welfare, the impact is ambiguous but negative for many parameter values.
The second main theorem for entire curves into Hilbert modular surfaces
Authors: Tiba Yusaku 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to prove a second main theorem for entire curves into
Hilbert modular surfaces.
As an application of our main theorem, we obtain a condition ensuring that entire curves in a Hilbert modular surface of general type
are contained in the exceptional divisors. We also show a second main theorem for a simple normal crossing divisor which is tangent to a holomorphic
distribution of codimension one
on a smooth projective algebraic manifold.
L
∞ norms of holomorphic modular forms in the case of compact quotient
Authors: Das Soumya , Sengupta Jyoti 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We prove a sub-convex estimate for the sup-norm of L
2-normalized holomorphic modular forms of weight k on the upper half plane, with respect to the unit group of a quaternion division algebra over ℚ. More precisely we show that when the L
2 norm of an eigenfunction f is one,

∥
f
∥

∞

≪
ε

k

1
2

-

1
33

+
ε

$ \Vert f \Vert _\infty \ll _\varepsilon k^{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{33} +\varepsilon } $

for any

ε
>
0

${\varepsilon &gt;0}$

and for all k sufficiently large.
SU(2)-Donaldson invariants of the complex projective plane
Authors: Griffin Michael , Malmendier Andreas , Ono Ken 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
There are two families of Donaldson invariants for the complex projective plane,
corresponding to the SU(2)-gauge theory and the SO(3)-gauge theory
with non-trivial Stiefel–Whitney class.
In 1997 Moore and Witten conjectured that the regularized u-plane integral
on ℂ

P
2

$\mathrm {P}^2$

gives the generating functions for these invariants. In earlier work,
the second two authors proved the conjecture for the SO(3)-gauge theory.
Here we complete the proof of the conjecture by confirming the claim
for the SU(2)-gauge theory. As a consequence, we find that the
SU(2)-Donaldson invariants for ℂ

P
2

$\mathrm {P}^2$

are explicit linear combinations of the Hurwitz class numbers which arise in the theory of imaginary quadratic
fields and orders.
What goes up must come down: molecular basis of MAPKAP kinase 2/3-dependent regulation of the inflammatory response and its inhibition
Authors: Gaestel Matthias 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Inflammation is normally a fast and transient response to microbial invaders or sterile damage and has to be stringently controlled. The closely-related mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases MK2 and MK3 are involved in both up- and down-regulation of inflammation in mammals and govern the inflammatory response at different regulatory levels of gene expression and with different kinetics. In conjunction with their activator MAP kinase p38, MK2 and MK3 stimulate the transcription of immediate-early genes including that of the mRNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP competes with the constitutively expressed protein human antigen R in binding to the mRNA destabilizing adenylate-uridylate -rich element. MK2 and MK3 also regulate the activity of TTP by direct phosphorylation, determine stability and stimulate the translation of cytokine mRNAs. In addition, TTP controls its own re-synthesis via stability and translation of its mRNA in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This results in a complex scenario of gene expression and guarantees fast up-regulation and intrinsic feedback control of the inflammatory response of macrophages. Inhibition of MK2/3 by small-molecule pharmaceutical inhibitors is an emerging strategy to manipulate the inflammatory response as a therapeutic option. This strategy could display advantages over the direct inhibition of MAP kinase p38.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectra for the Corrosion of Porous Cu-35mass%Ni-(5,10)mass%Cr Alloys in Molten (0.62Li,0.38K)2CO3 at 650 °C in Air
Authors: Chen Jian , Huang Zihan , Ren Yanjie , Li Wei , Qiu Wei , Chen Jianlin , He Jianjun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical impedance spectra was employed to investigate corrosion behavior of porous Cu-35mass%Ni-5mass%Cr and Cu-35mass%Ni-10mass%Cr alloys in molten (0.62Li,0.38K)2CO3 at 650 °C in air. The results show that the Nyquist plots for the corrosion of two alloys are composed of two capacitive loops which indicate that localized corrosion occur for the total immersion time. The differential potential between Cu-rich phase and Cu-depleted phase contributes to galvanic corrosion of the alloys. As compared to porous Cu-35mass%Ni-5mass%Cr, porous Cu-35mass%Ni-10mass%Cr is more corrosion resistant, which is related with its smaller area fraction of the cathodic Cu-rich phase. In addition, crevice corrosion in the pores of the alloys promotes the micro-crack generation and expansion.
Effect of Y and Mg on the Solidification Structure of Fe-36Ni Invar Alloy
Authors: Yu Yan-Chong , Chen Wei-Qing , Zheng Hong-Guang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effect of Y and Mg on the solidification structure of Fe-36Ni invar alloy melted in a carbon tube furnace was investigated using digital camera, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that Y or Mg addition could remarkablly refine the solidification structure and increase the fraction of equiaxed grains. Great amount of high-melting point compounds (Y2O2S, MgS and MgS-MgO) formed in the alloy with the addition of Y and Mg respectively. Based on the theory of lattice misfit, the effectiveness of high-melting point compounds as heterogeneous nuclei of γ-matrix was calculated. The calculation of the lattice misfit between Y2O2S, MgS and γ-matrix, which were far less than 12%, showed that Y2O2S and MgS acted as heterogeneous nuclei were highly effective. However, MgO could not serve as the heterogeneous nuclei because the lattice misfit between it and γ-matrix exceeded 12%.
Serine-arginine protein kinases: new players in neurodegenerative diseases?
Authors: Chan Chi Bun , Ye Keqiang 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Serine-arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) are a group of serine kinases that recognize and phosphorylate protein substrates with serine-arginine dipeptide repeats. They are mainly involved in regulating pre-mRNA splicing via phosphorylating splicing factors, such as ASF/SF2 and SC35. Nevertheless, the functions of SRPKs in the nervous system are sketchy, although the kinases have significant expression in neurons. Our recent studies demonstrate that one of the SRPK members, SRPK2, participates in the neuronal survival, cell cycle progression, and memory determination in Alzheimer’s disease. SRPKs are thus a group of unrecognized proteins that may facilitate the pathological progression of disorders caused by neurodegeneration. In this review, we will update our knowledge on SRPKs’ functions in various cellular activities and discuss their potential role in neurodegenerative disorders.
Crystal structure of carbonyl-(4-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)pent-3-en-2-onato-κ2N,O)-(triphenylphosphine-κP)-rhodium(I) acetone solvate, C31.5H28Cl2NO2.5PRh
Authors: Venter Gertruida J. S. , Steyl Gideon , Roodt Andreas 
Published: July 2013

Abstract C31.5H28Cl2NO2.5PRh, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.3242(5) Å, b = 11.3170(3) Å, c = 15.4753(4) Å, β = 108.197(1)°, V = 2882.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0303, wRref(F2) = 0.0728, T = 100 K.
Comparison of the effects of primary somatostatin analogue therapy and pituitary adenomectomy on survival in patients with acromegaly: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bogazzi Fausto , Colao Annamaria , Rossi Giuseppe , Lombardi Martina , Urbani Claudio , Sardella Chiara , Iannelli Aldo , Scattina Ilaria , Manetti Luca , Del Sarto Simone , Pivonello Rosario , Grasso Ludovica Francesca Stella , Lupi Isabella , Auriemma Renata Simona , Lombardi Gaetano , Martino Enio 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveAcromegalic patients have an increased risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different therapies for acromegaly on mortality.Design and methodsThe mortality rate of 438 consecutive acromegalic patients was compared with that of the general population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR); the effect of different therapies on survival was evaluated using Cox regression analysis.ResultsTwenty patients (4.5%) died between 1999 and 2009. Age- and sex-adjusted SMR was 0.70 (95% CI 0.43–1.08). The Cox regression analysis revealed that, in the whole population, both general risk factors (age and physical status) and specific factors for acromegaly (macroadenoma, hypopituitarism and uncontrolled disease) were associated with death. The most compromised patients at diagnosis had a higher mortality rate (P=0.001), which also occurred in patients with controlled acromegaly. Death occurred in 2.4% (adenomectomy), 2.6% (adenomectomy followed by somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy) and 11.4% (SSA therapy as the primary therapy) of the patients. The risk of death was higher in patients receiving SSA therapy as the primary therapy (hazard ratio (HR) 5.52, 95% CI 1.06–28.77,P=0.043) than in all patients submitted to adenomectomy; however, a higher risk of death occurred only in diabetic patients treated with SSAs alone (HR 21.94, 95% CI 1.56–309.04,P=0.022). Radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of mortality, which occurred in patients with the more locally advanced disease.ConclusionsTherapies for acromegaly and comorbidities have lowered the risk of mortality to the level of the general population; the effect of SSA therapy alone or that following pituitary adenomectomy was comparable to that of curative neurosurgery on survival in non-diabetic patients; on the contrary, SSA therapy as the primary therapy may be less effective than adenomectomy in reducing mortality rate in diabetic patients.