bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Circadian Clock in Murine Chondrocytes Regulates Genes Controlling Key Aspects of Cartilage Homeostasis
Authors: Gossan Nicole , Zeef Leo , Hensman James , Hughes Alun , Bateman John F. , Rowley Lynn , Little Christopher B. , Piggins Hugh D. , Rattray Magnus , Boot‐Handford Raymond P. , Meng Qing‐Jun 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo characterize the circadian clock in murine cartilage tissue and identify tissue‐specific clock target genes, and to investigate whether the circadian clock changes during aging or during cartilage degeneration using an experimental mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsCartilage explants were obtained from aged and young adult mice after transduction with the circadian clock fusion protein reporter PER2::luc, and real‐time bioluminescence recordings were used to characterize the properties of the clock. Time‐series microarrays were performed on mouse cartilage tissue to identify genes expressed in a circadian manner. Rhythmic genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction using mouse tissue, primary chondrocytes, and a human chondrocyte cell line. Experimental OA was induced in mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), and articular cartilage samples were microdissected and subjected to microarray analysis.ResultsMouse cartilage tissue and a human chondrocyte cell line were found to contain intrinsic molecular circadian clocks. The cartilage clock could be reset by temperature signals, while the circadian period was temperature compensated. PER2::luc bioluminescence demonstrated that circadian oscillations were significantly lower in amplitude in cartilage from aged mice. Time‐series microarray analyses of the mouse tissue identified the first circadian transcriptome in cartilage, revealing that 615 genes (∼3.9% of the expressed genes) displayed a circadian pattern of expression. This included genes involved in cartilage homeostasis and survival, as well as genes with potential importance in the pathogenesis of OA. Several clock genes were disrupted in the early stages of cartilage degeneration in the DMM mouse model of OA.ConclusionThese results reveal an autonomous circadian clock in chondrocytes that can be implicated in key aspects of cartilage biology and pathology. Consequently, circadian disruption (e.g., during aging) may compromise tissue homeostasis and increase susceptibility to joint damage or disease.
Patchwork Protein Chemistry: A Practitioner's Treatise on the Advances in Synthetic Peptide Stitchery
Authors: Verzele Dieter , Madder Annemieke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith the study of peptides and proteins at the heart of many scientific endeavors, the omics era heralded a multitude of opportunities for chemists and biologists alike. Across the interface with life sciences, peptide chemistry plays an indispensable role, and progress made over the past decades now allows proteins to be treated as molecular patchworks stitched together through synthetic tailoring. The continuous elaboration of sophisticated strategies notwithstanding, Merrifield's solid‐phase methodology remains a cornerstone of chemical protein design. Although the non‐practitioner might misjudge peptide synthesis as trivial, routine, or dull given its long history, we comment here on its many advances, obstacles, and prospects from a practitioner's point of view. While sharing our perspectives through thematic highlights across the literature, this treatise provides an interpretive overview as a guide to novices, and a recap for specialists.
Molecular pathogenesis of endometrial cancers in patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Huang Marilyn , Djordjevic Bojana , Yates Melinda S. , Urbauer Diana , Sun Charlotte , Burzawa Jennifer , Daniels Molly , Westin Shannon N. , Broaddus Russell , Lu Karen 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDThe authors hypothesized that Lynch syndrome (LS)‐associated endometrial cancer (EC) develops from morphologically normal endometrium that accumulates enough molecular changes to progress through a continuum of hyperplasia to carcinoma, similar to sporadic EC. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether LS‐associated EC involves progression through a preinvasive lesion. The secondary objective was to identify molecular changes that contribute to endometrial carcinogenesis in patients with LS.METHODSWomen with a confirmed mismatch repair gene mutation for LS who were undergoing a prophylactic or therapeutic hysterectomy were eligible. Cases and controls were matched for EC and hyperplasia based preferentially on age and histology. Mutation status of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA); KRAS; AKT; LKB1; catenin (cadherin‐associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa (CTNNB1); and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein loss was assessed.RESULTSConcurrent complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) was found in EC in 11 cases of LS (39.3%) and 21 sporadic cases (46.6%). Loss of PTEN expression was common in both sporadic (69%) and LS‐associated EC (86.2%). There was no significant difference noted with regard to the frequency of KRAS mutations in cases of sporadic EC (10.3%) compared with LS‐associated EC (3.4%). AKT and LKB1 mutations were rarely observed. Mutations in PIK3CA and CTNNB1 occurred more frequently in cases of sporadic EC compared with LS‐associated EC.CONCLUSIONSHyperplasia, particularly CAH, is part of the preinvasive spectrum of disease in LS‐associated EC, as indicated by the presence of complex hyperplasia and CAH in cases of LS. Although loss of PTEN is common in both LS and sporadic EC cases, there was a lack of additional mutations in LS‐associated EC cases. This suggests that in the context of the mismatch repair defects in LS, fewer additional molecular changes are required to progress from preinvasive lesions to cancer. Cancer 2013;119:3027—3033. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A distributed polling service‐based MAC protocol testbed
Authors: Huang Yingsong , Walsh Phillip A. , Li Yihan , Mao Shiwen 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYMedium access control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in wireless networking. It is well‐known that the high control overhead of IEEE 802.11 MAC is the limiting factor on the throughput and delay performance of wireless networks. In our prior work, three polling service‐based medium access control protocols (PSMACs) are developed to amortize the high control overhead over multiple frame transmissions, thus achieving higher efficiency. Both analysis and simulations are conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed protocols. In this paper, we extend this work by implementing the distributed version of PSMAC, i.e., PSMAC 2, on the GNU Radio and universal software radio peripheral (GNU Radio/USRP) platform. We discuss various design considerations and challenges of prototyping PSMAC 2 and carry out extensive experimental studies with the GNU Radio/USRP PSMAC testbed. Our experimental results are found to be consistent with the theoretical study reported in our prior work and validate the advantages of PSMAC under a realistic wireless channels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brandschutz mit Mauerwerk aus Planziegeln nach DIN 105‐6
Authors: Mittmann Thorsten , Meyer Udo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Planziegelnorm DIN 105‐6 [1] wurde überarbeitet und im Juni 2013 veröffentlicht. Einstufungen zum Feuerwiderstand für Mauerwerk aus diesen Ziegeln enthalten sowohl die entsprechenden allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt) als auch die DIN 4102‐4/A1; 2004‐11 [2]. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden aktuelle Prüfergebnisse vorgestellt und ein Vorschlag für eine künftige Klassifizierung in DIN EN 1996‐1‐2/NA [3] erarbeitet.Fire resistance of high precision clay unit masonry. The standard DIN 105‐6 [1] has been revised and published in June 2013. Classifications of the fire resistance for this type of masonry are available in the corresponding national technical approvals as well as in DIN 4102‐4/A1; 2004‐11 [2]. This paper summarizes latest test results and gives a proposal for a future classification in DIN EN 1996‐1‐2/NA [3].
Brandprüfungen an historischen Deckenkonstruktionen
Authors: Bermes Burkhard , Mittmann Thorsten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie brandschutztechnische Bewertung von bestehenden Deckenkonstruktionen stellt Planer und Ausführende immer wieder vor Herausforderungen. Sofern die heute erforderliche Feuerwiderstandsklasse nicht nachgewiesen werden kann, sind brandschutztechnische Ertüchtigungen unumgänglich. Bei der Ertüchtigung von derartigen Deckenkonstruktionen mit Bekleidungen oder Unterdecken ist die Nachweisführung einschließlich des Befestigungsmittels schwierig, da diese im Regelfall nicht detailliert in einem bauaufsichtlichen Nachweis enthalten ist.In einer Serie von Brandprüfungen wurden historische Deckenkonstruktionen untersucht. Dabei ging es vor allem darum, ein Gesamtsystem aus einer Brandschutzbekleidung und einer praxisgerechten Befestigung dieser Bekleidung nachzuweisen. Der Artikel dokumentiert neben den bisherigen Bewertungen solcher Deckenkonstruktionen auch die Besonderheiten des Versuchsaufbaus für die durchgeführten Brandprüfungen sowie Auswertung dieser Versuche.Fire tests on historic floor structures. The assessment in respect of fire resistance of existing floor constructions is a challenge to planners and executioners. If the today’s required fire resistance class cannot be proven, an improvement for the floor system is essential. This is done in most cases by additional claddings or suspended ceilings. The verification of the fixing of those systems is difficult because this is often not in the scope of approvals.A series of fire tests has been performed to investigate the behavior of historic floor structures under fire exposure. The complete system of fire protective cladding and its practice‐oriented fixing was subjected to these tests. The present paper explains the former approach to assess the fire behavior of historic floors, characteristics of the test specimens and the evaluation of the tests.
Verformungsberechnung von Mauerwerksscheiben: Anwendung des klassischen Druckfeldmodells auf Mauerwerk
Authors: Weber Marius , Stempfle Hartwig 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Berechnung der Verformungen von schubbeanspruchten Mauerwerksscheiben basiert bisher auf empirischen Beziehungen, welche je nach Ansatz Streuungen in den Ergebnissen aufweisen und Interpretationsspielraum offen lassen.Um diesen Umstand zu verbessern, wird im vorliegenden Artikel das Last‐Verformungsverhalten von unbewehrten Mauerwerksscheiben mithilfe des aus dem Stahlbeton bekannten klassischen Druckfeldmodells beschrieben. Als Grundlage wird ein geeignetes Stoffgesetz für Mauerwerk entwickelt, welches die inhomogenen und anisotropen Eigenschaften von Mauerwerk berücksichtigt und die auf der Plastizitätstheorie basierenden Bruchbedingungen zur Bestimmung der Bruchlast verwendet.Zur Verifizierung des Modells werden ausgewählte Mauerwerksscheibenversuche aus der Literatur bezüglich ihres effektiven Kraft‐Verformungsverhaltens nachgerechnet. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine nicht auf empirischen Formeln beruhende Beurteilung des Verformungsvermögens von Mauerwerk möglich ist.Deformation calculation of masonry walls: Application of the compression field theory on Masonry. To calculate the thereby necessary deformations of masonry walls under normal force and shear, empirical relations are available. Depending on the approach, they exhibit scattering in their results and leave much room for interpretation open.In order to amend this, this paper describes the load deformation behaviour of non‐reinforced masonry walls by means of the original compression field model, which is familiar from reinforced concrete. As a basis, it develops a material law for masonry, which takes into account its anisotropic and inhomogeneous properties, and employs fracture conditions, which are based on the theory of plasticity, in order to determine its strength.To verify this model, selected masonry slab tests from the literature are recalculated with respect to their actual force‐deflection behaviour. It is shown that it is possible to evaluate the deformation capacity of masonry without depending on empirical formulas.
Einführung mineralwollegefüllter Ziegel in Österreich – Optimierung und Prüfung des Brandverhaltens
Authors: Kubista Mario , Jäger Andreas , Lehmden Alexander 
Published: June 2013

AbstractJährlich verunglücken in den Ländern der Europäischen Union 3600 Menschen tödlich bei Brandunfällen. Mehr als ein Drittel der Brände passieren in Gebäuden. Baukonstruktionen mit hohem Brandwiderstand und nicht brennbare Bauprodukte wie der Ziegel können also einen wesentlichen Beitrag für mehr Sicherheit in Gebäuden leisten. Andererseits fordern Vorschriften wie die Europäische Gebäuderichtlinie immer energieeffizientere Baustoffe – ab 2020 sollen nur noch Niedrigstenergiegebäude in Europa neu errichtet werden. In monolithischer Ziegelbauweise wird dieses Ziel besonders mit dämmstoffgefüllten Ziegeln umsetzbar sein. Aus diesem Grund wurde in Österreich ähnlich wie in Deutschland ein Sortiment mineralwollegefüllter Ziegel für das Einfamilienhaus‐, aber auch Objektsegment entwickelt, welches diesen Ansprüchen gerecht wird. Da Brandprüfungen kosten‐ und zeitintensiv sind, wurde vorab durch numerische Simulationen auch der Brandschutz des neuen Ziegels analysiert und optimiert, um Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden. Eine im Anschluss durchgeführte Prüfserie hat gezeigt, dass die gestellten Brandschutzziele übererfüllt wurden. Alle Ziegel des neuen Sortiments werden mit REI 90 klassifiziert. Es wurde abschließend sogar die mechanische Stoßprüfung mit den neu entwickelten Ziegeln erfüllt. Der vielversprechende Einsatz von Finite‐Elemente‐Simulationen zur Produktoptimierung scheint richtungsweisend für den zukünftigen Entwicklungsprozess von Ziegeln zu sein.Launching of insulation filled clay blocks in Austria – optimization and test of fire resistance. In the member states of the European Union every year about 3,600 people get killed by fire. More than one third of fires happen in buildings. It is obvious that building constructions with high fire resistance and noncombustible building products highly contribute to fire security in buildings. On the other hand new regulations like the European energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD) demand for more energy efficient building products – after 2020 all new buildings in Europe must fulfill “Nearly Zero Energy Building” standard. This ambitious energy target will be fulfilled especially by insulation filled clay blocks. For this reason Wienerberger Austria developed similar to Wienerberger Germany a new assortment of insulation filled clay blocks for single family houses and multifamily houses. As fire tests are very costly and time consuming the fire performance was already optimized with numerical simulations in the development process. Afterwards, the numerical simulations were successfully evaluated by a series of fire tests. The new assortment of insulation filled clay blocks fulfills the fire classification REI 90 for construction products as planned. This new development process based on numerical simulations is very promising for optimizing clay blocks economically and efficient in future.
Interactive effects of global climate change and pollution on marine microbes: the way ahead
Authors: Coelho Francisco J. R. C. , Santos Ana L. , Coimbra Joana , Almeida Adelaide , Cunha Ângela , Cleary Daniel F. R. , Calado Ricardo , Gomes Newton C. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGlobal climate change has the potential to seriously and adversely affect marine ecosystem functioning. Numerous experimental and modeling studies have demonstrated how predicted ocean acidification and increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can affect marine microbes. However, researchers have largely ignored interactions between ocean acidification, increasedUVRand anthropogenic pollutants in marine environments. Such interactions can alter chemical speciation and the bioavailability of several organic and inorganic pollutants with potentially deleterious effects, such as modifying microbial‐mediated detoxification processes. Microbes mediate major biogeochemical cycles, providing fundamental ecosystems services such as environmental detoxification and recovery. It is, therefore, important that we understand how predicted changes to oceanic pH,UVR, and temperature will affect microbial pollutant detoxification processes in marine ecosystems. The intrinsic characteristics of microbes, such as their short generation time, small size, and functional role in biogeochemical cycles combined with recent advances in molecular techniques (e.g., metagenomics and metatranscriptomics) make microbes excellent models to evaluate the consequences of various climate change scenarios on detoxification processes in marine ecosystems. In this review, we highlight the importance of microbial microcosm experiments, coupled with high‐resolution molecular biology techniques, to provide a critical experimental framework to start understanding how climate change, anthropogenic pollution, and microbiological interactions may affect marine ecosystems in the future.
Embryonic lethality leads to hybrid male inviability in hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and D. santomea
Authors: Gavin‐Smyth Jackie , Matute Daniel R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe study of the morphological defects unique to interspecific hybrids can reveal which developmental pathways have diverged between species. Drosophila melanogaster and D. santomea diverged more than 10 million years ago, and when crossed produce sterile adult females. Adult hybrid males are absent from all interspecific crosses. We aimed to determine the fate of these hybrid males. To do so, we tracked the development of hybrid females and males using classic genetic markers and techniques. We found that hybrid males die predominantly as embryos with severe segment‐specification defects while a large proportion of hybrid females embryos hatch and survive to adulthood. In particular, we show that most male embryos show a characteristic abdominal ablation phenotype, not observed in either parental species. This suggests that sex‐specific embryonic developmental defects eliminate hybrid males in this interspecific cross. The study of the developmental abnormalities that occur in hybrids can lead to the understanding of cryptic molecular divergence between species sharing a conserved body plan.
Using GPS telemetry to validate least‐cost modeling of gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) movement within a fragmented landscape
Authors: Stevenson Claire D. , Ferryman Mark , Nevin Owen T. , Ramsey Andrew D. , Bailey Sallie , Watts Kevin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Britain, the population of native red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris has suffered population declines and local extinctions. Interspecific resource competition and disease spread by the invasive gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis are the main factors behind the decline. Gray squirrels have adapted to the British landscape so efficiently that they are widely distributed. Knowledge on how gray squirrels are using the landscape matrix and being able to predict their movements will aid management. This study is the first to use global positioning system (GPS) collars on wild gray squirrels to accurately record movements and land cover use within the landscape matrix. This data were used to validate Geographical Information System (GIS) least‐cost model predictions of movements and provided much needed information on gray squirrel movement pathways and network use. Buffered least‐cost paths and least‐cost corridors provide predictions of the most probable movements through the landscape and are seen to perform better than the more expansive least‐cost networks which include all possible movements. Applying the knowledge and methodologies gained to current gray squirrel expansion areas, such as Scotland and in Italy, will aid in the prediction of potential movement areas and therefore management of the invasive gray squirrel. The methodologies presented in this study could potentially be used in any landscape and on numerous species.
Lapatinib and doxorubicin enhance the Stat1‐dependent antitumor immune response
Authors: Hannesdóttir Lára , Tymoszuk Piotr , Parajuli Nirmala , Wasmer Marie‐Helene , Philipp Sonja , Daschil Nina , Datta Sebak , Koller Johann‐Benedikt , Tripp Christoph H. , Stoitzner Patrizia , Müller‐Holzner Elisabeth , Wiegers Gerrit Jan , Sexl Veronika , Villunger Andreas , Doppler Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

The dual erbB1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib as well as the anthracycline doxorubicin are both used in the therapy of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Using MMTV‐neu mice as an animal model for HER2‐positive breast cancer, we observed enhanced tumor infiltration by IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells after treatment with doxorubicin and/or lapatinib. Antibody depletion experiments revealed a contribution of CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells to the antitumor effect of these drugs. Doxorubicin treatment additionally decreased the content of immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor bed. In contrast, Stat1‐deficient mice were resistant to tumor growth inhibition by lapatinib and/or doxorubicin and exhibited impaired T‐cell activation and reduced T‐cell infiltration of the tumor in response to drug treatment. Furthermore, Stat1‐deficiency resulted in reduced expression of the T‐cell chemotactic factors CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in the tumor epithelium. The inhibition of TAM infiltration of the tumor by doxorubicin and the immunosuppressive function of TAMs were found to be Stat1 independent. Taken together, the results point to an important contribution toward enhancing T‐cell and IFN‐γ‐based immunity by lapatinib as well as doxorubicin and emphasize the role of Stat1 in building an effective antitumor immune response.
From AlCp*‐ and GaCp*‐Ligated Ruthenium Hydrides to Zinc‐Rich Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Molon Mariusz , Gemel Christian , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of ZnMe2 towards heteroleptic (poly)hydride ruthenium complexes was investigated. The Ru centers were coligated with different ligands including reactive low‐valent ECp* (E = Ga, Al; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ligands and nonreactive phosphane ligands (PCy3, PPh3, Cy = cyclohexyl, Ph = phenyl). The ECp* ligands undergo a redox reaction together with Cp*/Me group exchange when treated with ZnMe2 to form two equivalents of ZnR (R = Cp*, Me) units, and ER3 species are liberated. Similarly, Ru–H moieties react with ZnMe2 to form one equivalent of ZnMe and one equivalent of CH4. The 18‐electron rule proved valid for the rationalization of the obtained compositions; one ECp* or phosphane ligand is equivalent to two one‐electron ZnR or H ligands. The factors that control the exchange of phosphane or hydride ligands are discussed. All compounds were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, liquid injection field desorption ionization (LIFDI) MS analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis.
Structural Diversity of Coordination Cores in Homoleptic Tetraaryltin(IV) Dioxolane, Aldehyde and Imines: The First Octacoordinated Double Helicate Tetraorganotin(IV) Compound
Authors: Barbul Ioana , Varga Richard A. , Silvestru Cristian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Cristian Silvestru at the Babes‐Bolyai University, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania. The cover image shows diversity in coordination geometries for relevant homoleptic tetraorganotin(IV) species with aromatic substituents bearing pendant arms able to provide intramolecular coordination.