bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of asthma: clinical assessment
Authors: Tarasidis George S. , Wilson Kevin F. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAsthma is a common condition that presents with varied symptomatology and exam findings. The diagnosis of asthma is made through a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic testing.MethodsA literature review was conducted through PubMed, focusing on systematic reviews and practice parameters. The highest‐quality studies and those including the highest number of patients were included. References were reviewed for additional relevant articles.ResultsPatients with asthma present with the symptoms of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. The physical exam can demonstrate hyperinflation, wheezing, and increased work of breathing, but most patients will present with a normal pulmonary exam because they are between episodes. The symptoms and examination of patients with asthma varies greatly from patient to patient and within the same patient over time. The diagnosis of asthma in the pediatric population may be more difficult because the classic symptoms may not be present in many of those patients.ConclusionThe diagnosis of asthma is made in the setting of clinical history, physical exam, and diagnostic testing. The astute physician will rely on all 3 of these factors when making the diagnosis.
Formulation of Ionic‐Liquid Electrolyte To Expand the Voltage Window of Supercapacitors
Authors: Van Aken Katherine L. , Beidaghi Majid , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn effective method to expand the operating potential window (OPW) of electrochemical capacitors based on formulating the ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes is reported. Using model electrochemical cells based on two identical onion‐like carbon (OLC) electrodes and two different IL electrolytes and their mixtures, it was shown that the asymmetric behavior of the electrolyte cation and anion toward the two electrodes limits the OPW of the cell and therefore its energy density. Also, a general solution to this problem is proposed by formulating the IL electrolyte mixtures to balance the capacitance of electrodes in a symmetric supercapacitor.
Areas of Interest as a Signal Detection Problem in Behavioral Eye‐Tracking Research
Authors: Orquin Jacob L. , Ashby Nathaniel J. S. , Clarke Alasdair D. F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDecision researchers frequently analyze attention to individual objects to test hypotheses about underlying cognitive processes. Generally, fixations are assigned to objects using a method known as area of interest (AOI). Ideally, an AOI includes all fixations belonging to an object while fixations to other objects are excluded. Unfortunately, due to measurement inaccuracy and insufficient distance between objects, the distributions of fixations to objects may overlap, resulting in a signal detection problem. If the AOI is to include all fixations to an object, it will also likely include fixations belonging to other objects (false positives). In a survey, we find that many researchers report testing multiple AOI sizes when performing analyses, presumably trying to balance the proportion of true and false positive fixations. To test whether AOI size influences the measurement of object attention and conclusions drawn about cognitive processes, we reanalyze four published studies and conduct a fifth tailored to our purpose. We find that in studies in which we expected overlapping fixation distributions, analyses benefited from smaller AOI sizes (0° visual angle margin). In studies where we expected no overlap, analyses benefited from larger AOI sizes (>.5° visual angle margins). We conclude with a guideline for the use of AOIs in behavioral eye‐tracking research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Goal‐Priming Approach to Cognitive Consistency: Applications to Judgment
Authors: Chaxel Anne‐Sophie , Russo J. Edward , Wiggins Catherine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA fundamental criterion of judgment is consistency among beliefs. To augment traditional methods for studying cognitive consistency, we treat it as a goal and present a priming method for increasing its activation. Three studies use three criteria to validate the method: an increase in the biased evaluation of incoming information, speed in a lexical decision task, and participants' direct reports of greater goal activation. The method is then used to verify the role of the consistency goal in three diverse judgment phenomena. Priming cognitive consistency increases the search for postdecisional supporting information (selective exposure to information), the agreement between preference and prediction (the desirability bias or wishful thinking), and the adjustment of a socially unacceptable implicit attitude to conform to the corresponding explicit attitude. One conclusion is that the cause of these phenomena is not only motivated reasoning (driven directionally by a desired outcome) but also the purely cognitive and nondirectional process of simply making beliefs more consistent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The baculovirus expression vector system: A commercial manufacturing platform for viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors
Authors: Felberbaum Rachael S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) platform has become an established manufacturing platform for the production of viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Nine BEVS‐derived products have been approved – four for human use (Cervarix®, Provenge®, Glybera® and Flublok®) and five for veterinary use (Porcilis® Pesti, BAYOVAC CSF E2®, Circumvent® PCV, Ingelvac CircoFLEX® and Porcilis® PCV). The BEVS platform offers many advantages, including manufacturing speed, flexible product design, inherent safety and scalability. This combination of features and product approvals has previously attracted interest from academic researchers, and more recently from industry leaders, to utilize BEVS to develop next generation vaccines, vectors for gene therapy, and other biopharmaceutical complex proteins. In this review, we explore the BEVS platform, detailing how it works, platform features and limitations and important considerations for manufacturing and regulatory approval. To underscore the growth in opportunities for BEVS‐derived products, we discuss the latest product developments in the gene therapy and influenza vaccine fields that follow in the wake of the recent product approvals of Glybera® and Flublok®, respectively. We anticipate that the utility of the platform will expand even further as new BEVS‐derived products attain licensure. Finally, we touch on some of the areas where new BEVS‐derived products are likely to emerge.
Straightforward strategy to substitute amide bonds by 1,2,3‐triazoles in peptaibols analogs using Aibψ[Tz]‐Xaa dipeptides
Authors: Ben Haj Salah Khoubaib , Legrand Baptiste , Das Sanjit , Martinez Jean , Inguimbert Nicolas 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTStructured peptides gained more attention over a decade because of their biological properties, biocompatibility and ability to act as modulators of protein/protein interactions, antibiotics, analgesics, immunosuppressants or as imaging agents to cite a few relevant applications. However, their poor bioavalability due in part to the susceptibility of the peptide bond to proteolytic cleavages often impaired their development and considerably limited their therapeutic use. To circumvent these problems, many efforts are undertaken to discover stable amide bond mimics resistant to proteolytic degradation. Among them the 1,2,3‐triazole emerged as a highly stable analogue of the trans‐peptide bond to generate bioactive peptides. Here we report a convenient approach to readily substitute amide bonds by triazole rings in Aib‐containing peptides using Aibψ[Tz]‐Xaa dipeptide‐like units. We defined their application in solid phase synthesis and generated short model peptide sequences to study the impact of the triazole incorporation on their conformations in solution by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 611–621, 2015.
Cross‐species identification of a plasma microRNA signature for detection, therapeutic monitoring, and prognosis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Allen‐Rhoades Wendy , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Satterfield Laura , Parikh Neha , Fuja Daniel , Shuck Ryan L. , Rainusso Nino , Trucco Matteo , Barkauskas Donald A. , Jo Eunji , Ahern Charlotte , Hilsenbeck Susan , Donehower Lawrence A. , Yustein Jason T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the primary bone tumor in children and young adults. Currently, there are no reliable, noninvasive biologic markers to detect the presence or progression of disease, assess therapy response, or provide upfront prognostic insights. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, stable, small noncoding RNA molecules that are key posttranscriptional regulators and are ideal candidates for circulating biomarker development due to their stability in plasma, ease of isolation, and the unique expressions associated with specific disease states. Using a qPCR‐based platform that analyzes more than 750 miRNAs, we analyzed control and diseased‐associated plasma from a genetically engineered mouse model of OS to identify a profile of four plasma miRNAs. Subsequent analysis of 40 human patient samples corroborated these results. We also identified disease‐specific endogenous reference plasma miRNAs for mouse and human studies. Specifically, we observed plasma miR‐205‐5p was decreased 2.68‐fold in mice with OS compared to control mice, whereas, miR‐214, and miR‐335‐5p were increased 2.37‐ and 2.69‐fold, respectively. In human samples, the same profile was seen with miR‐205‐5p decreased 1.75‐fold in patients with OS, whereas miR‐574‐3p, miR‐214, and miR‐335‐5p were increased 3.16‐, 8.31‐ and 2.52‐fold, respectively, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, low plasma levels of miR‐214 in metastatic patients at time of diagnosis conveyed a significantly better overall survival. This is the first study to identify plasma miRNAs that could be used to prospectively identify disease, potentially monitor therapeutic efficacy and have prognostic implications for OS patients.
Two Subtle Amino Acid Changes in a Transaminase Substantially Enhance or Invert Enantiopreference in Cascade Syntheses
Authors: Skalden Lilly , Peters Christin , Dickerhoff Jonathan , Nobili Alberto , Joosten Henk‐Jan , Weisz Klaus , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmine transaminases (ATAs) are powerful enzymes for the stereospecific production of chiral amines. However, the synthesis of amines incorporating more than one stereocenter is still a challenge. We developed a cascade synthesis to access optically active 3‐alkyl‐substituted chiral amines by combining two asymmetric synthesis steps catalyzed by an enoate reductase and ATAs. The ATA wild type from Vibrio fluvialis showed only modest enantioselectivity (14 % de) in the amination of (S)‐3‐methylcyclohexanone, the product of the enoate‐reductase‐catalyzed reaction step. However, by protein engineering we created two variants with substantially improved diastereoselectivities: variant Leu56Val exhibited a higher R selectivity (66 % de) whereas the Leu56Ile substitution caused a switch in enantiopreference to furnish the S‐configured diastereomer (70 % de). Addition of 30 % DMSO further improved the selectivity and facilitated the synthesis of (1R,3S)‐1‐amino‐3‐methylcyclohexane with 89 % de at 87 % conversion.
Alkaline‐Earth Metal Cations as Structure Building Blocks for Molecular Cages with Entrapment and Controlled Release of Quintuple Ionic Aggregates
Authors: Wang Chi‐Tsang , Shiu Ler‐Chun , Shiu Kom‐Bei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCurrently, main‐group metal cations are totally neglected as the structure‐building blocks for the self‐assembly of supramolecular coordination metallocages due to the lack of directional bonding. However, here we show that a common Arrhenius acid–base neutralization allows the alkaline‐earth metal cations to act as charged binders, easily connecting two or more highly directional anionic transition‐metal‐based metalloligands to coordination polymers. With a metal salt such as K+PF6− added during the neutralization, the main‐group metal‐connected skeleton can be templated by the largest yet reported ionic‐aggregate anion, K2(PF6)3−, formed from KPF6 in solution, into molecular metallocages, encapsulating the ion. Crystal‐structure details, DFT‐calculation results, and controlled‐release behavior support the presence of K2(PF6)3− as a guest in the cage. Upon removal of PF6− ions, the cage stays intact. Other ions like BF4− can be put back in.
Ternary Ag/MgO‐SiO2 Catalysts for the Conversion of Ethanol into Butadiene
Authors: Janssens Wout , Makshina Ekaterina V. , Vanelderen Pieter , De Clippel Filip , Houthoofd Kristof , Kerkhofs Stef , Martens Johan A. , Jacobs Pierre A. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bert Sels at the KU Leuven. The image represents the eternal life cycle of a renewable feedstock into a recyclable product.	The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201402894.
Dynamic gene expression in the song system of zebra finches during the song learning period
Authors: Olson Christopher R. , Hodges Lisa K. , Mello Claudio V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe brain circuitry that controls song learning and production undergoes marked changes in morphology and connectivity during the song learning period in juvenile zebra finches, in parallel to the acquisition, practice and refinement of song. Yet, the genetic programs and timing of regulatory change that establish the neuronal connectivity and plasticity during this critical learning period remain largely undetermined. To address this question, we used in situ hybridization to compare the expression patterns of a set of 30 known robust molecular markers of HVC and/or area X, major telencephalic song nuclei, between adult and juvenile male zebra finches at different ages during development (20, 35, 50 days post‐hatch, dph). We found that several of the genes examined undergo substantial changes in expression within HVC or its surrounds, and/or in other song nuclei. They fit into broad patterns of regulation, including those whose expression within HVC during this period increases (COL12A1, COL 21A1, MPZL1, PVALB, and CXCR7) or decreases (e.g., KCNT2, SAP30L), as well as some that show decreased expression in the surrounding tissue with little change within song nuclei (e.g. SV2B, TAC1). These results reveal a broad range of molecular changes that occur in the song system in concert with the song learning period. Some of the genes and pathways identified are potential modulators of the developmental changes associated with the emergence of the adult properties of the song control system, and/or the acquisition of learned vocalizations in songbirds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1315–1338, 2015
A Method for Designing a High‐Power Contactless Power Transformer Considering Reactive Power
Authors: YAMAMOTO KOHEI , MARUYAMA TAKASHI , KONDO KEIICHIRO , KASHIWAGI TAKAYUKI 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYProblems in high‐power contactless power transmission systems using series and parallel resonance capacitors arise from the maximum voltage limit of the series capacitor due to high reactive power. In this study, the characteristics of the reactive power are analyzed using an equivalent circuit and a contactless power transfer system is designed with the reactive power characteristics taken into consideration. The self‐inductance and the frequency can be used to determine the distribution of reactive power on the primary side and the secondary side. In addition, the optimal winding number, size of the coil, and the appropriate frequency are investigated through electromagnetic field analysis.
Low Dielectric Behavior of a Robust, Guest‐Free Magnesium(II)–Organic Framework: A Potential Application of an Alkaline‐Earth Metal Compound
Authors: Mendiratta Shruti , Usman Muhammad , Tseng Tien‐Wen , Luo Tzuoo‐Tsair , Lee Shang‐Fan , Zhao Li , Wu Maw‐Kuen , Lee Mandy M. , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Lin Ying‐Chih , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA robust and low dielectric 3D metal–organic framework [Mg(phen)(bdc)]n (1; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, bdc2– = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) was hydrothermally synthesized from magnesium acetate, H2bdc, and phen ligands. Compound 1 has a non‐interpenetrated network with an uncommon cds‐type topology. Chemical and dielectric investigations of this material indicate that it retains a high chemical stability and has a low dielectric constant of 3.33 ± 0.1 (at 100 kHz), which is the lowest value for Mg‐based MOFs reported to date. In addition, temperature‐dependent dielectric studies revealed that its low dielectric constant is retained over a wider temperature range. Mg‐based MOFs have the advantage of being a new class of dielectric materials because of their many intrinsic properties.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Molecular Docking, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Transition‐Metal Complexes with a 1,2,4‐Triazolecarboxylic Acid Derived Ligand
Authors: Xu Yong‐Peng , Chen Yue‐Hu , Chen Zhi‐Jian , Qin Jie , Qian Shao‐Song , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFour novel complexes, [Cu(L)2(NH3)2(H2O)2] (1), {[Cu(L)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (2), {[Zn(L)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (3), and {[Fe(L)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (4) (HL = 2‐{[4‐amino‐3‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl]thio}acetic acid) were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 exhibited a mononuclear structure. Complexes 2, 3, and 4 featured 2D networks. The crystal structures were stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to generate 3D supramolecular frameworks. The inhibitory activity was tested in vitro against jack bean urease. Among the four complexes, the two CuII complexes 1 and 2 exhibited better inhibitory activity than the positive reference acetohydroxamic acid, with IC50 values of 4.052 and 6.868 μM, respectively, whereas the ZnII and FeII complexes showed no activity. To explore the mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme, kinetics studies were carried out; the results indicated that both the activated complexes 1 and 2 operated through a mixed‐competitive inhibitory mechanism. Molecular docking was used to insert the most active complex 1 into the crystal structure of jack bean urease at the active site to determine the probable mode of binding.
Why are online games so self‐involving: A social identity analysis of massively multiplayer online role‐playing games
Authors: Guegan Jérôme , Moliner Pascal , Buisine Stéphanie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the ways in which players of massively multiplayer online role‐playing games (MMORPGs) internalize being a player into their self‐concept. In accordance with the social identity framework, we assume that being a player and being a member of a guild within the game can both shape the social identity of members. In two studies, we survey players inside or outside the MMORPG. Players are interviewed either at an interguild comparison level or at the more inclusive level of MMORPG players. Study 1 (n = 84) reveals favoritism for the in‐group guild in a within‐game context, and Study 2 (n = 200) shows that valuation of and identification with the in‐group are moderated by the interview context and the level of category inclusion: Inside the game, the guild is more valued and identification is emphasized. In contrast, valuation of and identification with MMORPG players is not influenced by the interview context. Together, by examining both valuation and identification processes, this research reveals that playing online games may be self‐involving because being a player, but also being a member of a guild, directly contribute to the social identity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salicylate Ion‐Selective Electrode Based on a Calix[4]arene as Ionophore
Authors: Nur Ayanoğlu Melek , Kormalı Ertürün H. Elif , Demirel Özel Ayça , Şahin Özlem , Yılmaz Mustafa , Kılıç Esma 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA salicylate‐selective electrode based on calix[4]arene derivative was developed and its response characteristics were investigated. The optimum membrane composition was 1 % ionophore, 30 % PVC, 69 % DOS. The electrode exhibited a Nernstian slope of 58.8±0.5 mV/pSal in the range of 1.0×10−5–1.0×10−1 M with a detection limit of 4.3×10−6 M at pH 4.0, 20±1 °C. The potentiometric response of the electrode in the presence of different anions was investigated by the separate solution method. The lifetime was found at least 4 months, and its response time was 5–10 s. It was successfully used for the potentiometric determination of salicylate in pharmaceutical preparations.
A Nanostructure Based Electrochemical Sensor for Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of L‐Cysteine in the Presence of High Concentration of Folic Acid
Authors: Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Karimi‐Maleh Hassan , Gupta Vinod K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study describes the development, electrochemical characterization and utilization of 8,9‐dihydroxy‐7‐methyl‐12H‐benzothiazolo [2,3‐b]quinazolin‐12‐one (DMBQ)/ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/Nps)‐carbon paste electrode (DMBQ/ZnO/NPs/CPE) as a modified sensor for the electrocatalytic determination of cysteine (Cys) in the presence of folic acid (FA). ZnO/NPs was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) method. The prepared DMBQ/ZnO/NPs/CPE was developed as a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for determination of Cys in the presence of FA in real samples. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of Cys exhibited linear dynamic range with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.05 µmol/L.
High frequency functional brain networks in neonates revealed by rapid acquisition resting state fMRI
Authors: Smith‐Collins Adam P.R. , Luyt Karen , Heep Axel , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how spatially remote brain regions interact to form functional brain networks, and how these develop during the neonatal period, provides fundamental insights into normal brain development, and how mechanisms of brain disorder and recovery may function in the immature brain. A key imaging tool in characterising functional brain networks is examination of T2*‐weighted fMRI signal during rest (resting state fMRI, rs‐fMRI). The majority of rs‐fMRI studies have concentrated on slow signal fluctuations occurring at <0.1 Hz, even though neuronal rhythms, and haemodynamic responses to these fluctuate more rapidly, and there is emerging evidence for crucial information about functional brain connectivity occurring more rapidly than these limits. The characterisation of higher frequency components has been limited by the sampling frequency achievable with standard T2* echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequences. We describe patterns of neonatal functional brain network connectivity derived using accelerated T2*‐weighted EPI MRI. We acquired whole brain rs‐fMRI data, at subsecond sampling frequency, from preterm infants at term equivalent age and compared this to rs‐fMRI data acquired with standard EPI acquisition protocol. We provide the first evidence that rapid rs‐fMRI acquisition in neonates, and adoption of an extended frequency range for analysis, allows identification of a substantial proportion of signal power residing above 0.2 Hz. We thereby describe changes in brain connectivity associated with increasing maturity which are not evident using standard rs‐fMRI protocols. Development of optimised neonatal fMRI protocols, including use of high speed acquisition sequences, is crucial for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the developing brain. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2483–2494, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.