bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points
Authors: Selkoe Kimberly A. , Blenckner Thorsten , Caldwell Margaret R. , Crowder Larry B. , Erickson Ashley L. , Essington Timothy E. , Estes James A. , Fujita Rod M. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Kappel Carrie V. , Kelly Ryan P. , Kittinger John N. , Levin Phillip S. , Lynham John M. , Mach Megan E. , Martone Rebecca G. , Mease Lindley A. , Salomon Anne K. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Scarborough Courtney , Stier Adrian C. , White Crow , Zedler Joy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
As climatic changes and human uses intensify, resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points, or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to reverse. Evidence indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management outcomes. Drawing on theory and examples from marine systems, we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points, derived from the best available science. These principles are based on observations that tipping points (1) are possible everywhere, (2) are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use, (3) may be preceded by changes in early‐warning indicators, (4) may redistribute benefits among stakeholders, (5) affect the relative costs of action and inaction, (6) suggest biologically informed management targets, and (7) often require an adaptive response to monitoring. We suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical, affordable, and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping point. We articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds, tracking early‐warning signals of ecosystem instability, and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change increases. This approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.
Synergistic Effects of Surfactants Mixture for Foam Stability Measurements for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications
Authors: Mumtaz Mudassar , Tan Isa M , Mushtaq Muhammad 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A protocol is established in order to formulate a surfactant recipe suitable for stable foam generation aimed at foam assisted enhanced oil recovery. Mixture design DoE (Design of Experiment) is employed to develop best performing foaming formulations both in the presence and absence of oil at 90°C. Anionic surfactants, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) were blended with zwitterionic surfactant Betadet-S20 (Betaine; foam booster) by using DoE mixture design. The synergism among surfactants structures and mixed surfactants (binary and tertiary) system were evaluated by noting the foam height and endurance. The data were fitted into the cubic model and multiple regression analysis resulted in a third degree polynomial equation. Response surfaces were obtained and analyzed to find the best formulations. The synergistic effect were then correlated and validated against experimentally determined interfacial tension and viscosity of best foaming recipes. The binary formulations of anionic surfactants and betaine were superior for both foam ability and foam stability performance. Surfactant alone on its own and binary system of anionic mixtures were found less stable. The betaine alone was found effective for foam height but was poor for foam endurance. However, anionic surfactants mixed with betaine were found to possess strong interaction and a profound synergistic effect was noted. Reduced amount of anionic surfactant with betaine increased the viscosity of the mixture and produced stronger foam. However, a higher ratio of anionic surfactant decrease the viscosity and generate weaker foam. The use of DoE mixture analysis approach is beneficial for optimum design of foam assisted enhanced oil recovery.
Orthodontic bracket bonding without previous adhesive priming: A meta-regression analysis
Authors: Altmann Aline Segatto Pires , Degrazia Felipe Weidenbach , Celeste Roger Keller , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Samuel Susana Maria Werner , Collares Fabrício Mezzomo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the consensus among studies that adhesive resin application improves the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and the association of methodological variables on the influence of bond strength outcome.

Materials and Methods:
In vitro studies were selected to answer whether adhesive resin application increases the immediate shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bonded with a photo-cured orthodontic adhesive. Studies included were those comparing a group having adhesive resin to a group without adhesive resin with the primary outcome measurement shear bond strength in MPa. A systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases.

Results:
Nine studies were included in the analysis. Based on the pooled data and due to a high heterogeneity among studies (I2  =  93.3), a meta-regression analysis was conducted. The analysis demonstrated that five experimental conditions explained 86.1% of heterogeneity and four of them had significantly affected in vitro shear bond testing. The shear bond strength of metal brackets was not significantly affected when bonded with adhesive resin, when compared to those without adhesive resin.

Conclusions:
The adhesive resin application can be set aside during metal bracket bonding to enamel regardless of the type of orthodontic adhesive used.
Comparison of volume, security, and biomechanical strength of square and Aberdeen termination knots tied with 4–0 polyglyconate and used for termination of intradermal closures in canine cadavers
Authors: Regier Penny J. , Smeak Daniel D. , Coleman Kristin , McGilvray Kirk C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Objective—To compare volumes of square knots and Aberdeen knots in vitro and evaluate security of these knot types when used as buried terminal knots for continuous intradermal wound closures in canine cadavers.
Design—Experimental study.
Sample—24 surgically closed, full-thickness, 4-cm, epidermal wounds in 4 canine cadavers and 80 knots tied in vitro.
Procedures—Continuous intradermal closures were performed with 4–0 polyglyconate and completed with a buried knot technique. Surgeon (intern or experienced surgeon) and termination knot type (4-throw square knot or 2 + 1 Aberdeen knot; 12 each) were randomly assigned. Closed wounds were excised, and a servohydraulic machine applied tensile load perpendicular to the long axis of the suture line. A load-displacement curve was generated for each sample; maximum load, displacement, stiffness, and mode of construct failure were recorded. Volumes of 2 + 1 Aberdeen (n = 40) and 4-throw square knots (40) tied on a suture board were measured on the basis of a cylindrical model.
Results—Aberdeen knots had a mean smaller volume (0.00045 mm3) than did square knots (0.003838 mm3). Maximum load and displacement did not differ between construct types. Mean stiffness of Aberdeen knot constructs was greater than that of square knots.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The 2 + 1 Aberdeen knot had a smaller volume than the 4-throw square knot and was as secure. Although both knots may be reliably used in a clinical setting as the termination knot at the end of a continuous intradermal line, the authors advocate use of the Aberdeen terminal knot on the basis of ease of burying the smaller knot. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:260–266)
Use of a minimally invasive fasciotomy technique for treatment of antebrachial compartment syndrome in two horses
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Ragle Claude A. , Barrett Myra F. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Case Description—An 18-year-old Paint stallion (horse 1) and a 17-year-old Morgan gelding (horse 2) were evaluated because of an acute onset of severe unilateral forelimb lameness.
Clinical Findings—Both horses were unable to bear weight on the affected forelimb and had a dropped elbow appearance. Radial nerve paralysis, triceps myopathy, and fractures of the humerus and ulna were ruled out. The caudal aspect of the affected antebrachium of each horse was very firm to palpation and became firmer when weight was shifted onto the limb. Ultrasonographic examination revealed swelling and suspected intramuscular hemorrhage of the caudal antebrachial muscles. On the basis of clinical examination and diagnostic imaging findings, both horses had antebrachial compartment syndrome diagnosed. Lameness did not substantially improve with medical treatment in either horse.
Treatment and Outcome—Caudal antebrachial fasciotomy was performed in each horse. Following sedation and local anesthetic administration, a bistoury knife was inserted through small incisions to perform fasciotomy. Horses remained standing throughout the procedure and were immediately able to bear weight on the affected limb without signs of discomfort. Horse 1 developed colitis and horse 2 developed a mild incisional infection, but both fully recovered and returned to their previous activities.
Clinical Relevance—Antebrachial compartment syndrome is a rare cause of severe unilateral forelimb lameness and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with a dropped elbow appearance. Both horses of this report had a successful outcome following antebrachial fasciotomy.
Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus pleuropneumonia and peritonitis in a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) calf in North America
Authors: Stoughton William B. , Gold Jenifer 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Case Description—A 12-week-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) calf was evaluated because of acute (< 24 hours) inappetence and lethargy. The calf was being bottle-fed because of maternal rejection.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed decreased bronchovesicular sounds and absent borborygmi. The rectal temperature was 38.9°C (102.0°F). A CBC indicated leukopenia with a degenerative left shift suggestive of a systemic infection. Results of abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography showed severe bicavitary effusion, peripheral lung consolidation, and intestinal hypomotility. Pleural and peritoneal fluid analysis confirmed a diagnosis of septic pleuritis and peritonitis. Results of aerobic bacterial culture of venous blood, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid samples indicated Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus septicemia as the etiology for the polyserositis (ie, alpaca fever).
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with IV broad-spectrum antimicrobials, an NSAID, and pleural drainage was initiated. Clinical signs of pleuropneumonia, peritonitis, and systemic infection improved rapidly 24 hours after initiation of medical treatment. The calf was discharged from the hospital after 11 days, and antimicrobial treatment continued for 2 weeks after discharge. At follow-up approximately 4 weeks after hospital discharge (6 weeks after the initial examination), there were no clinical signs suggestive of relapse or any reported complications.
Clinical Relevance—S equi subsp zooepidemicus may cause polyserositis in Old World camelids (eg, dromedary camels) with signs similar to those seen in New World camelids (eg, alpaca and llama). The rapid response to medical treatment for the patient described suggested that S equi subsp zooepidemicus–induced polyserositis (alpaca fever) in dromedary camels may respond favorably to appropriate treatment. Reducing stress, reducing overcrowding, and separate housing of equids and camelids are suggested. Further studies are needed to better assess the epidemiology of alpaca fever in dromedary camels in North America.
Improving CPA Attack Against DSA and ECDSA
Authors: Repka Marek , Varchola Michal , Drutarovský Miloš 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this work, we improved Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) attack against Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and its various derivations, such as Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). The attack is aimed against integer multiplication with constant secret operand. We demonstrate this improvement on 16-bit integer multiplier in FPGA. The improvement makes it possible to guess more blocks of key, and the improvement also eliminates errors of simulated attacks what is very important when approximating attack success rate and complexity based on simulated attacks. We also discus a possible efficient countermeasure.
Application of Digital Filters to Check Quality of the Automatically Scaled Ionograms
Authors: Rejfek Luboš , Mošna Zbyšek , Kouba Daniel , Boška Josef , Burešová Dalia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The ionospheric observatory Pruhonice serves to monitor the state of ionosphere using ground-based vertical sounding instrument - the Digisonde DPS-4D. Measured ionograms are automatically evaluated (scaled) and basic characteristics are derived. The ionograms and the scaled parameters are sent to the international databases. Especially during disturbed conditions the automatic scaling could give unreliable results. This paper presents simple method how to detect accidental errors in automatic scaling based on the parameters derived from ionograms and on an application of the finite impulse response filters.
Non–Destructive Testing of Conductive Material by Eddy Current Air Probe Based on Swept Frequency
Authors: Štubendeková Andrea , Janoušek Ladislav 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article deals with non-destructive testing of conductive materials by eddy current method based on swept frequency. A 2D numerical model of eddy current air-core probe was created in the LTspice software at first. The probe consists of two coils: exciting coil and receiving. The probe is positioned in air in this case. Experimental and calculated frequency responses of the probe are obtained within a wide frequency range using swept frequency in order to validate the model. Frther a 3D model used for non-destructive testing of austenitic steel plate with three electro-discharge machined notches is then developed accordingly. Results of measurement are compared with 3D numerical model using COMSOL Multiphysics software.
Evolution, Biotechnology, and the Normative Significance of Created Order
Authors: McKenny Gerald 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: It is widely assumed by proponents and opponents of biotechnology alike that the permissibility of biotechnological alteration of human nature and respect for human nature as constituent of a divinely created order are incompatible. I argue, however, that concepts of created order that accommodate the change and variation of human nature that is due to evolutionary processes also permit in principle the alteration of human nature by biotechnology. It follows that opponents of biotechnological alteration of human nature cannot legitimately appeal to these concepts.
Phytochemical characterization of phenolics by LC-MS/MS and biological evaluation of <i>Ajuga orientalis</i> from Turkey
Authors: Göger Fatih , Köse Yavuz Bülent , Göger Gamze , Demirci Fatih 
Published: July 2015

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to reveal the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of <em>Ajuga orientalis</em>. According to the antimicrobial results, the methanol extract of<em> A. orientalis</em> showed a MIC value of 312.5 µg/mL against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Anticandidal activity of extract was found as 156.3 µg/mL both against <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>C. parapsilosis</em> strains. Whereas the extract was more effective against <em>C. tropicalis</em> with the MIC value of 78.1 µg/mL. The<em> in vitro</em> DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was determined as IC<sub>50</sub>=0.4 ± 0.02 mg/mL whereas the standard BHT IC<sub>50</sub> was 0.01 ± 0.00 mg/mL. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) of extract was determined 1.3 mM TEAC, while BHT, 1.9 mM TEAC.</p><p> </p>
Chloroplast heterogeneity and historical admixture within the genus Malus
Authors: Volk Gayle M. , Henk Adam D. , Baldo Angela , Fazio Gennaro , Chao C. Thomas , Richards Christopher M. 
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: The genus Malus represents a unique and complex evolutionary context in which to study domestication. Several Malus species have provided novel alleles and traits to the cultivars. The extent of admixture among wild Malus species has not been well described, due in part to limited sampling of individuals within a taxon.• Methods: Four chloroplast regions (1681 bp total) were sequenced and aligned for 412 Malus individuals from 30 species. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using maximum parsimony. The distribution of chloroplast haplotypes among species was examined using statistical parsimony, phylogenetic trees, and a median‐joining network.• Key results: Chloroplast haplotypes are shared among species within Malus. Three major haplotype‐sharing networks were identified. One includes species native to China, Western North America, as well as Malus domestica Borkh, and its four primary progenitor species: M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem., M. orientalis Uglitzk., M. sylvestris (L.) Mill., and M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh; another includes five Chinese Malus species, and a third includes the three Malus species native to Eastern North America.• Conclusions: Chloroplast haplotypes found in M. domestica belong to a single, highly admixed network. Haplotypes shared between the domesticated apple and its progenitors may reflect historical introgression or the retention of ancestral polymorphisms. Multiple individuals should be sampled within Malus species to reveal haplotype heterogeneity, if complex maternal contributions to named species are to be recognized.
Computer decision support changes physician practice but not knowledge regarding autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Carroll A.E. , Saha C. , Downs S.M. , Bauer N.S. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjective: To examine whether adding an autism module promoting adherence to clinical guidelines to an existing computer decision support system (CDSS) changed physician knowledge and self-reported clinical practice.Methods: The CHICA (Child Health Improvement through Computer Automation) system, a CDSS, was enhanced with a module to improve management of autism in 2 of the 4 community pediatric clinics using the system. We examined the knowledge and beliefs of pediatric users using cross-sectional surveys administered at 3 time points (baseline, 12 months and 24 months post-implementation) between November 2010 and January 2013. Surveys measured knowledge, beliefs and self-reported practice patterns related to autism.Results: A total of 45, 39, and 42 pediatricians responded at each time point, respectively, a 95-100% response rate. Respondents’ knowledge of autism and perception of role for diagnosis did not vary between control and intervention groups either at baseline or any of the two post-intervention time points. At baseline, there was no difference between these groups in rates in the routine use of parent-rated screening instruments for autism. However, by 12 and 24 months post-implementation there was a significant difference between intervention and control clinics in terms of the intervention clinics consistently screening eligible patients with a validated autism tool. Physicians at all clinics reported ongoing challenges to community resources for further work-up and treatment related to autism.Conclusions: A CDSS module to improve primary care management of ASD in pediatric practice led to significant improvements in physician-reported use of validated screening tools to screen for ASDs. However it did not lead to corresponding changes in physician knowledge or attitudes.Citation: Bauer NS, Carroll AE, Saha C, Downs SM. Computer decision support changes physician practice but not knowledge regarding autism spectrum disorders. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6: 454–465http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-RA-0084
Prediction of the Amount of Ice Formation in the Water Dispersed Phase of a W/O Emulsion
Authors: Wardhono Endarto , Lanoiselle Jean-Louis , Clausse Daniele 
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the investigation of the effect of solute concentration on the amount of ice formed within some materials such as NaCl + water and glycerol + water solutions dispersed into a W/O emulsion. The investigations were carried out by inserting sample emulsions into a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC-131 evoSetaram, France). The sample emulsions were submitted to a steady cooling-heating program at constant heating rate, = 2.5 K/min between + 20 and – 60 °C in order to get the freezing of water during cooling and its melting during heating. The proportion of ice formed, P was then calculated from the area of the recorded melting signal related to the amount of water frozen. The values obtained were compared to the ones deduced from thermodynamics treatments that needs the knowledge of the conditions of freezing of the solutions in the equilibria domain ice + solution completed by the extension of the equilibrium curve ice + solution in the metastable area of the solutions respect to the salt. The results obtained are in good agreement for glycerol solutions. For NaCl solutions the results obtained from DSC determination show lower values due to the difficulties to determine precisely the ice melting energies deduced from the melting signals. In that case the theoretical determination from the phases diagram appears to be more reliable.
On the use of remote infrasound and seismic stations to constrain the eruptive sequence and intensity for the 2014 Kelud eruption
Authors: Caudron Corentin , Taisne Benoît , Garcés Milton , Alexis Le Pichon , Mialle Pierrick 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe February 2014 eruption of Kelud volcano (Indonesia) destroyed most of the instruments near it. We use remote seismic and infrasound sensors to reconstruct the eruptive sequence. The first explosions were relatively weak seismic and infrasound events. A major stratospheric ash injection occurred a few minutes later and produced long‐lasting atmospheric and ground‐coupled acoustic waves that were detected as far as 11,000 km by infrasound sensors and up to 2300 km away on seismometers. A seismic event followed ∼12 minutes later and was recorded 7000 km away by seismometers. We estimate a volcanic intensity around 10.9, placing the 2014 Kelud eruption between the 1980 Mount St. Helens and 1991 Pinatubo eruptions intensities. We demonstrate how remote infrasound and seismic sensors are critical for the early detection of volcanic explosions, and how they can help to constrain and understand eruptive sequences.