bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of symptoms and functional impairments in children with cancer
Authors: Buckner Tyler W. , Wang Jichuan , DeWalt Darren A. , Jacobs Shana , Reeve Bryce B. , Hinds Pamela S. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundChildren with cancer experience multiple symptoms due to their disease and as a result of treatment. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and potential utility of using latent profile analysis (LPA), a type of cluster analysis, in children with cancer to identify groups of patients who experience similar levels of symptom severity and impairment of physical function.ProcedureWe analyzed patient‐reported symptom and functional data previously collected using the Pediatric Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). LPA was used to identify and characterize groups of patients who reported similar levels of symptom severity and functional impairment. We then used the multinomial logit model to examine demographic and disease characteristics associated with symptom/function profile membership.ResultsThe analysis included 200 patients in treatment or in survivorship. We identified four symptom/function profiles; children currently receiving cancer treatment and those with at least one other medical problem were more likely to be members of the profile with the highest levels of symptom severity and functional impairment. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, and tumor type were not associated with profile membership.ConclusionsLPA is a cluster research methodology that provides clinically useful results in pediatric oncology patients. Future studies of children with cancer using LPA could potentially lead to development of clinical scoring systems that predict patients' risk of developing more severe symptoms and functional impairments, allowing clinicians, patients, and parents to better anticipate and prevent the multiple symptoms that occur during and after treatment for childhood cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1282–1288. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of uncertainty‐infused scientific argumentation
Authors: Lee Hee‐Sun , Liu Ou Lydia , Pallant Amy , Roohr Katrina Crotts , Pryputniewicz Sarah , Buck Zoë E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThough addressing sources of uncertainty is an important part of doing science, it has largely been neglected in assessing students' scientific argumentation. In this study, we initially defined a scientific argumentation construct in four structural elements consisting of claim, justification, uncertainty qualifier, and uncertainty rationale. We consulted literature to characterize and score different levels of student performances on each of these four argumentation elements. We designed a test comprised of nine scientific argumentation tasks addressing climate change, the search for life in space, and fresh water availability and administered it to 473 students from 9 high schools in the United States. After testing the local dependence and unidimensionality assumptions, we found that the uncertainty qualifier element was not aligned with the other three. After removing items related to uncertainty qualifier, we applied a Rasch analysis based on a Partial Credit Model. Results indicate that (1) claim, justification, and uncertainty rationale items form a unidimensional scale, (2) justification and uncertainty rationale items contribute the most on the unidimensional scientific argumentation scale as they cover much wider ranges of the scale than claim items, (3) average item difficulties increase in the order of claim, justification, and uncertainty rationale, (4) students' elaboration of uncertainty exhibits dual characteristics: self‐assessment of their own knowledge and ability versus scientific assessment of conceptual and empirical errors embedded in investigations, and (5) students who can make warrants between theory and evidence are more likely to think about uncertainty from scientific sources than those who cannot. We identified limitations of this study in terms of science topic coverage and sample selection and made suggestions on how these limitations might have affected results and interpretations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 581–605, 2014
Travel beyond the home neighborhood for delinquent behaviors: Moderation of home neighborhood influences
Authors: Tompsett Carolyn J. , Amrhein Kelly E. , Hassan Sarah 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNeighborhood research indicates that adolescents are at higher risk for delinquency when they reside in neighborhoods low in collective efficacy, low in perceived prosocial norms and values, and high in availability of substances and firearms. However, as adolescents develop, they are more likely to independently travel during their day‐to‐day activities, and the effects of their home neighborhood may be weakened as they spend time in other communities. The current study surveyed 179 adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system in a small Midwestern city on their perceptions of their home neighborhood and self‐reported delinquency. While perceptions of several home neighborhood characteristics significantly predicted severity of delinquency for all respondents, neighborhood effects were significantly weaker for those adolescents who tended to engage in illegal behaviors outside their home neighborhood. These findings suggest that future research and prevention efforts should include more attention to how adolescents may be influenced by multiple neighborhoods.
Brief report: How adolescent personality moderates the effect of love history on the young adulthood romantic relationship quality?
Authors: Yu Rongqin , Branje Susan , Keijsers Loes , Meeus Wim 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of previous romantic relationship involvement on later romantic relationship quality and tested whether adolescents' personality type (i.e., overcontrollers, undercontrollers, resilients) moderated this link. We answered our research questions in a sample of 320 Dutch participants (213 girls) who had a romantic relationship when they were 21 years old. At 12 years of age, their personality types were identified. At 21 years of age, participants reported their current romantic relationship quality (i.e., commitment, exploration, and reconsideration) and indicated the number of romantic relationships they had before. No main effects of the number of romantic relationships on current romantic relationship quality were found. There were significant interaction effects between personality types and the number of romantic relationships on romantic relationship quality. With more romantic relationship experiences, undercontrollers committed less to and explored less in their current romantic relationship. No such link was found for resilients and overcontrollers.
The appearance culture between friends and adolescent appearance‐based rejection sensitivity
Authors: Webb Haley J. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Donovan Caroline L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAppearance‐based rejection sensitivity (appearance‐RS) is the tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to signs of rejection based on one's appearance, and is associated with a number of psychological and social problems (Park, 2007). This study of 380 adolescents (Mage = 13.84) examined a model linking the appearance culture between friends with appearance‐RS in adolescent boys and girls, via internalisation of appearance ideals, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction. Gender differences were also tested. Consistent with expectations, appearance‐focused characteristics of the friendship context were associated with heightened appearance‐RS via internalization of appearance ideals, social comparison, and body dissatisfaction. The appearance‐focused friend characteristics that were associated with appearance‐RS included exposure to friends' appearance conversations, appearance teasing that caused distress, and perceived pressure to be attractive. Notably, associations rarely differed for boys and girls, with one exception: the association between BMI and body dissatisfaction was stronger in girls than in boys.
The protective role of prosocial behaviors on antisocial behaviors: The mediating effects of deviant peer affiliation
Authors: Carlo Gustavo , Mestre Maria Vicenta , McGinley Meredith M. , Tur‐Porcar Ana , Samper Paula , Opal Deanna 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTProsocial behaviors, actions intended to help others, may serve a protective function against association with deviant peers and subsequent delinquent and antisocial behaviors. The present study examined the relations among specific types of prosocial behaviors, deviant peer affiliation, and delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Six hundred and sixty‐six adolescents (46% girls; M age = 15.33, SD = .47) from Valencia, Spain completed questionnaires of prosocial behaviors, affiliation with deviant peers, antisocial behaviors, and aggression. Results showed that antisocial behaviors were negatively related only to specific forms of prosocial behaviors. Further analyses showed that deviant peer affiliation mediated the relations between compliant prosocial behavior and delinquency and aggression. Although altruism was not directly related to delinquency and aggression, it was indirectly linked to the behaviors via deviant peer affiliation. Discussion focuses on the relevance of specific forms of prosocial behaviors to antisocial behaviors and the risk of deviant peers for prosocial youth.
The relationship between emotional problems and subsequent school attainment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Riglin Lucy , Petrides K.V. , Frederickson Norah , Rice Frances 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLongitudinal studies have provided mixed findings regarding the relationship between emotional problems and subsequent poor school attainment. A meta‐analysis of 26 community‐based studies of children and adolescents was performed. Results revealed a prospective association between emotional problems and poor school attainment. More consistent associations were found for depression than anxiety. Moderator analyses indicated that some of the heterogeneity between studies may be due to age and gender, with reduced heterogeneity particularly notable for school grades during early adolescence and for anxiety by gender. Findings suggest that early identification and provision of support for young people with emotional problems may be helpful for improving academic outcomes such as school attainment.
Composite Scale of Morningness: Psychometric properties, validity with Munich ChronoType Questionnaire and age/sex differences in Poland
Authors: Jankowski K.S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present study aimed at testing psychometric properties of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and validating it with mid sleep on free days (MSF) derived from the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) in Poland, along with analyzing age and sex differences in the CSM and MSF. A sample of 952 Polish residents (62.6% females) aged between 13 and 46 was tested. Additionally, a sample of 33 university students were given MCTQ and filled in a sleep diary for 8 days. MSF derived from MCTQ was related to the one from sleep diary (r = .44). The study revealed good reliability of the CSM (α = .84) and its validity: greater morningness preference was associated with earlier MSF from MCTQ (r = –.52). CSM scores were distributed over its full range, with a mean of 34, and did not differ between sexes, although females were earlier than males by 23 minutes in MSF. Regarding age, eveningness estimated with both CSM and MSF was greatest in subjects aged 16–18 years, and a shift toward eveningness during puberty and a shift back toward morningness in older age was observed. The Polish version of the CSM consisted of two components of morningness. Cutoff scores were: for evening types (lower 10%) 24 or less, for morning types (upper 10%) 43 or more. The Polish CSM presents good psychometric properties, which are similar to those reported in other language versions, and also presents sex/age patterns similar to those found previously.
Physiological evidence of a deficit to enhance the empathic response in schizophrenia
Authors: Corbera S. , Ikezawa S. , Bell M.D. , Wexler B.E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEmpathy is crucial for maintaining effective social interactions. Research has identified both an early-emotional sharing and a late-cognitive component of empathy. Although considered a functionally vital social cognition process, empathy has scarcely been studied in schizophrenia (SZ). We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study the temporal dynamics of empathic response in 19 patients with SZ and 18 matched healthy controls (HC) using an empathy for physical pain paradigm. Participants responded to pictures of hands in neutral and painful situations in an active empathic condition and one manipulated by task demands. Additionally, subjective ratings of the stimuli and empathic self-reports were collected. People with SZ had (1) decreased early-emotional ERP responses to pictures of others in pain; (2) decreased modulation by attention of late-cognitive ERP responses; (3) lower ratings of perspective taking and higher ratings of personal distress which were both related to decreased modulation of late-cognitive empathic responses; (4) a significant relationship between high affective overlap between somebody else's pain and their own pain and decreased modulation of late-cognitive empathic responses; (5) a distinct relationship between regulatory deficits in late-cognitive empathy and functioning. Patients had present but reduced early and late empathy-related ERPs. Patients also reported increased personal distress when faced with distress in others. The late ERP responses are thought to be associated with self-regulation and response modulation. The magnitude of these late responses was inversely associated with reported levels of personal distress in both patients and controls. Additionally, regulatory deficits in cognitive empathy were highly related with deficits in functioning. Decreased ability to regulate one's own emotional engagement and response to emotions of others may be an important source of distress and dysfunction in social situations for patients with schizophrenia.
Determinants of Physical Activity in America: A First Characterization of Physical Activity Profile Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Kao Ming‐Chih Jeffrey , Jarosz Renata , Goldin Michael , Patel Amy , Smuck Matthew 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo develop and implement methodologies for characterizing accelerometry‐derived patterns of physical activity (PA) in the United States in relation to demographics, anthropometrics, behaviors, and comorbidities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset.DesignRetrospective analysis of nationally representative database.SettingComputer‐generated modeling in silico.ParticipantsA total of 6329 adults in the United States from the NHANES 2003‐2004 database.MethodsTo discover subtle multivariate signal in the dynamic and noisy accelerometry data, we developed a novel approach, termed discretized multiple adaptive regression and implemented the algorithm in SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).Main Outcome MeasurementsDemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity, and behavioral variables.ResultsThe intensity of PA decreased with both increased age and increased body mass index. Both greater education and greater income correlate with increased activity over short durations and reduced activity intensity over long durations. Numerous predictors demonstrated effects within activity ranges that may be masked by use of the standard activity intensity intervals. These include age, one of the most robust variables, where we discovered decreasing activities inside the moderate activity range. It also includes gender, where women compared with men have increased proportions of active times up to the center of light activity range, and income greater than $45,000, where a complex effect is seen with little correspondence to existing cut‐points.ConclusionsThe results presented in this study suggest that the method of multiple regression and heat map visualization can generate insights otherwise hidden in large datasets such as NHANES. A review of the provided heat maps reveals the trends discussed previously involving demographic, anthropometric, comorbidity, and behavioral variables. It also demonstrates the power of accelerometry to expose alterations in PA. Ultimately, this study provides a US population‐based norm to use in future studies of PA.
Anthropological and Historical Perspectives on India's Working Classes
Authors: SANCHEZ ANDREW , STRÜMPELL CHRISTIAN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith reference to original ethnographic and historical research on India, the papers collected in this forum suggest conceptual refinements that might re-centre the study of class in regional scholarship. Through discussions of class politics in industrial, construction and agricultural contexts, the authors interrogate the conceptual oppositions between stably employed fordist labour forces and the ‘working poor’ that have often constrained ethnographic and historical analyses of India's working classes. Inspired by Marxist historiography, this forum engages with the historically contingent emergence of Indian working classes through different types of labour, gender and ethnic struggles, and considers the complex political boundaries that are produced by such processes.
Sound Production Treatment: Effects of Blocked and Random Practice
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Nessler Christina , Wright Sandra , Mauszycki Shannon C. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
This investigation was designed to further the development of a treatment for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS), Sound Production Treatment (SPT), by examining the effects of blocked and random practice.

Method

A multiple-baseline design across participants and behaviors was used with 6 speakers with chronic AOS and aphasia. Accuracy of production of target sounds in treated and untreated words produced in probe sessions served as the primary dependent variable. Stimulus generalization was also measured to phrase production and sentence completion. Participants received SPT applied with blocked presentation of treatment words (
SPT-blocked
) and SPT applied with random presentation of treatment words (
SPT-random
).

Results
Increases in accuracy of articulation of target sounds in treated words were observed for all participants for both conditions of treatment. SPT-random appeared to be associated with better maintenance for 2 participants. Generalization to untreated words was positive for all participants for SPT-random and SPT-blocked. Stimulus generalization effects varied across participants and measurement conditions; patterns of generalization did not appear to be associated with treatment condition.

Conclusions
There may be an advantage for SPT-random for some speakers with AOS. Findings from the nonspeech motor learning literature may not translate directly to the treatment of AOS.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170213
Effects of Intensive Phonomotor Treatment on Reading in Eight Individuals With Aphasia and Phonological Alexia
Authors: Brookshire C. Elizabeth , Conway Tim , Pompon Rebecca Hunting , Oelke Megan , Kendall Diane L. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a multimodal treatment of phonology, phonomotor treatment, on the reading abilities of persons with aphasia (PWA) with phonological alexia.

Method
In a retrospective, single-group design, this study presents pre-, post-, and 3-months posttreatment data for 8 PWA with phonological alexia. Participants completed 60 hr of phonomotor treatment over 6 weeks. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests and group effect sizes comparing pre-, immediately post-, and 3-months posttreatment performance on tests of phonological processing and reading were performed.

Results
Group data showed phonological processing and oral reading of real words and nonwords improved significantly posttreatment; these gains were maintained 3 months later. No group improvement was found for reading comprehension; however, one individual did show improvement immediately post- and 3-months posttreatment.

Conclusions
This study provides support that phonomotor treatment is a viable approach to improve phonological processing and oral reading for PWA with phonological alexia. The lack of improvement with comprehension is inconsistent with prior work using similar treatments (Conway et al., 1998; Kendall et al., 2003). However, this difference can, in part, be accounted for by differences in variables, such as treatment intensity and frequency, outcome measures, and alexia severity.
Real-time reflectance-difference spectroscopy of GaAs molecular beam epitaxy homoepitaxial growth
Authors: Lastras-Martínez A. , Ortega-Gallegos J. , Guevara-Macías L. E. , Nuñez-Olvera O. , Balderas-Navarro R. E. , Lastras-Martínez L. F. , Lastras-Montaño L. A. , Lastras-Montaño M. A. 
Published: March 2014

We report on real time-resolved Reflectance-difference (RD) spectroscopy of GaAs(001) grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with a time-resolution of 500 ms per spectrum within the 2.3–4.0 eV photon energy range. Through the analysis of transient RD spectra we demonstrated that RD line shapes are comprised of two components with different physical origins and determined their evolution during growth. Such components were ascribed to the subsurface strain induced by surface reconstruction and to surface stoichiometry. Results reported in this paper render RD spectroscopy as a powerful tool for the study of fundamental processes during the epitaxial growth of zincblende semiconductors.
Tackling soil diversity with the assembly of large, complex metagenomes
Authors: Howe Adina Chuang , Jansson Janet K. , Malfatti Stephanie A. , Tringe Susannah G. , Tiedje James M. , Brown C. Titus 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Investigations of complex environments rely on large volumes of sequence data to adequately sample the genetic diversity of a microbial community. The assembly of short-read data into longer, more interpretable sequence currently is not possible for much of the research community because it requires specialized computational facilities. We present approaches that make de novo assembly of complex metagenomes more accessible. These approaches scale data size with community richness and subdivide the data into tractable subsets representing individual species. We applied these methods toward the assembly of two large soil metagenomes to identify important metagenomic references and show that considerably more data are needed to study the terrestrial microbiome comprehensively.