bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Embedding Methods into Epoxy and LR White Resins for Morphological and Immunological Analysis of Cryofixed Biological Specimens
Authors: McDonald Kent L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA variety of specimens including bacteria, ciliates, choanoflagellates (Salpingoeca rosetta), zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), and leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens) plants were high pressure frozen, freeze-substituted, infiltrated with either Epon, Epon-Araldite, or LR White resins, and polymerized. Total processing time from freezing to blocks ready to section was about 6 h. For epoxy embedding the specimens were freeze-substituted in 1% osmium tetroxide plus 0.1% uranyl acetate in acetone. For embedding in LR White the freeze-substitution medium was 0.2% uranyl acetate in acetone. Rapid infiltration was achieved by centrifugation through increasing concentrations of resin followed by polymerization at 100°C for 1.5–2 h. The preservation of ultrastructure was comparable to standard freeze substitution and resin embedding methods that take days to complete. On-section immunolabeling results for actin and tubulin molecules were positive with very low background labeling. The LR White methods offer a safer, quicker, and less-expensive alternative to Lowicryl embedding of specimens processed for on-section immunolabeling without traditional aldehyde fixatives.
From Academia to the Office: New Professionals in the Workplace
Authors: Wiggins Samuel , Cannon Marie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper written by Samuel Wiggins and Marie Cannon is drawn from their presentation at the 2013 BIALL Annual Conference. The article presents the findings of a survey conducted to explore the perceptions of New Professionals in the library and information sector, and the various challenges and issues they face on entering their first professional roles within law librarianship. The relevance of the professional library and information qualification within the legal sector is considered, as are potential barriers to working with legal information. The required skill sets and training needs for New Professionals and experienced professionals are also compared.
Flipping the Classroom: Revolutionising Legal Research Training
Authors: Sales Nicola 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAt the University of Salford it is a struggle to find sufficient timetable space to deliver in-depth legal research training to new first year students. The training delivered often alienated students due to the information overload they experienced. Timetable pressures resulted in sessions being librarian-led with little interaction with students. This left students feeling overwhelmed, often nervous of using the library and performing research. As a result law students resorted to using Google as their academic research tool of choice. To combat these problems the Law Librarian, Nicola Sales, implemented the innovative training concept of ‘flipping the classroom’. Rather than using teaching time to instruct students in ‘how to’ perform research by demonstrating resources and concepts, the classroom was flipped so students studied online content before entering the classroom. Face to face teaching time was then spent actively learning through practical tasks and discussion to consolidate student learning. Students took responsibility for their own learning and teaching sessions were based on group work and discussion, facilitated by the librarian rather than being librarian-led. This article is based on the presentation, ‘Flipping Training’ delivered at the BIALL Conference 2013. It will look at how the ‘flipping the classroom’ concept works and how it has been implemented at the University of Salford. It will examine the benefits and drawbacks of flipping training as well as ideas for implementing flipped training within other organisations.
Reaction cell for in situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of heterogeneous catalysis up to 1 atm and 250 °C
Authors: Kristiansen P. T. , Rocha T. C. R. , Knop-Gericke A. , Guo J. H. , Duda L. C. 
Published: November 2013

We present a novel in situ reaction cell for heterogeneous catalysis monitored in situ by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The reaction can be carried out at a total pressure up to 1 atm, a regime that has not been accessible to comparable in situ techniques and thus closes the pressure gap to many industrial standard conditions. Two alternate catalyst geometries were tested: (A) a thin film evaporated directly onto an x-ray transparent membrane with a flowing reaction gas mixture behind it or (B) a powder placed behind both the membrane and a gap of flowing reaction gas mixture. To illustrate the working principle and feasibility of our reaction cell setup we have chosen ethylene epoxidation over a silver catalyst as a test case. The evolution of incorporated oxygen species was monitored by total electron/fluorescence yield O K-XAS as well as O K-RIXS, which is a powerful method to separate contributions from inequivalent sites. We find that our method can reliably detect transient species that exist during catalytic reaction conditions that are hardly accessible using other spectroscopic methods.
Spontaneous abrupt climate change due to an atmospheric blocking–sea-ice–ocean feedback in an unforced climate model simulation
Authors: Drijfhout Sybren , Gleeson Emily , Dijkstra Henk A. , Livina Valerie 
Published: November 2013

Significance
There is a long-standing debate about whether climate models are able to simulate large, abrupt events that characterized past climates. Here, we document a large, spontaneously occurring cold event in a preindustrial control run of a new climate model. The event is comparable to the Little Ice Age both in amplitude and duration; it is abrupt in its onset and termination, and it is characterized by a long period in which the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic is locked into a state with enhanced blocking. To simulate this type of abrupt climate change, climate models should possess sufficient resolution to correctly represent atmospheric blocking and a sufficiently sensitive sea-ice model.
Selective regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3A isoforms
Authors: Vandeput Fabrice , Szabo-Fresnais Nicolas , Ahmad Faiyaz , Kho Changwon , Lee Ahyoung , Krall Judith , Dunlop Allan , Hazel Mark W. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Hajjar Roger J. , Houslay Miles D. , Manganiello Vincent C. , Movsesian Matthew A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) PDE3A increase cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure, but their long-term use increases mortality. Two isoforms expressed in cardiac myocytes, PDE3A1 and PDE3A2, have amino acid sequences that are identical except for a unique N-terminal extension in PDE3A1. We found that PDE3A1 and PDE3A2 are selectively phosphorylated at alternative sites in response to the activation of PKA and PKC, respectively, resulting in differential regulation of their catalytic activity and protein interactomes. Existing PDE3 inhibitors thus target at least two functionally distinct cardiac isoforms likely with different roles in intracellular signaling. This raises the possibility that isoform-selective targeting may increase contractility in failing hearts without increasing mortality, providing a potential route for developing therapeutics.
Structural basis of myosin V Rab GTPase-dependent cargo recognition
Authors: Pylypenko Olena , Attanda Wikayatou , Gauquelin Charles , Lahmani Marion , Coulibaly Doudouh , Baron Bruno , Hoos Sylviane , Titus Margaret A. , England Patrick , Houdusse Anne M. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Directed movement is essential for life, and cytoskeleton-based motors generate mechanical force and motion to precisely organize the cell. Their selective recruitment and activation at particular times and positions in cells is critical to numerous cell processes. This paper provides unique insights into the specific recognition of cellular compartments by the myosin V nanomotor via direct or indirect interactions with Rab GTPases. These studies highlight the role of plasticity in the binding site to achieve selectivity in cargo/motor recognition. We also describe how the globular tail domain sequence of the motor diverged among isoforms during evolution to maintain core shared functions while promoting diversification of cellular roles by acquiring new specific partner interactions.
Multistage genome-wide association meta-analyses identified two new loci for bone mineral density
Authors: Zhang Lei , Choi Hyung Jin , Estrada Karol , Leo Paul J. , Li Jian , Pei Yu-Fang , Zhang Yinping , Lin Yong , Shen Hui , Liu Yao-Zhong , Liu Yongjun , Zhao Yingchun , Zhang Ji-Gang , Tian Qing , Wang Yu-ping , Han Yingying , Ran Shu , Hai Rong , Zhu Xue-Zhen , Wu Shuyan , Yan Han , Liu Xiaogang , Yang Tie-Lin , Guo Yan , Zhang Feng , Guo Yan-fang , Chen Yuan , Chen Xiangding , Tan Lijun , Zhang Lishu , Deng Fei-Yan , Deng Hongyi , Rivadeneira Fernando , Duncan Emma L , Lee Jong Young , Han Bok Ghee , Cho Nam H. , Nicholson Geoffrey C. , McCloskey Eugene , Eastell Richard , Prince Richard L. , Eisman John A. , Jones Graeme , Reid Ian R. , Sambrook Philip N. , Dennison Elaine M. , Danoy Patrick , Yerges-Armstrong Laura M. , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Hu Tian , Xiang Shuanglin , Papasian Christopher J. , Brown Matthew A. , Shin Chan Soo , Uitterlinden André G. , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Aiming to identify novel genetic variants and to confirm previously identified genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD), we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis in 27 061 study subjects. Stage 1 meta-analyzed seven GWA samples and 11 140 subjects for BMDs at the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck, followed by a Stage 2 in silico replication of 33 SNPs in 9258 subjects, and by a Stage 3 de novo validation of three SNPs in 6663 subjects. Combining evidence from all the stages, we have identified two novel loci that have not been reported previously at the genome-wide significance (GWS; 5.0 × 10−8) level: 14q24.2 (rs227425, P-value 3.98 × 10−13, SMOC1) in the combined sample of males and females and 21q22.13 (rs170183, P-value 4.15 × 10−9, CLDN14) in the female-specific sample. The two newly identified SNPs were also significant in the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis consortium (GEFOS, n = 32 960) summary results. We have also independently confirmed 13 previously reported loci at the GWS level: 1p36.12 (ZBTB40), 1p31.3 (GPR177), 4p16.3 (FGFRL1), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 5q14.3 (MEF2C), 6q25.1 (C6orf97, ESR1), 7q21.3 (FLJ42280, SHFM1), 7q31.31 (FAM3C, WNT16), 8q24.12 (TNFRSF11B), 11p15.3 (SOX6), 11q13.4 (LRP5), 13q14.11 (AKAP11) and 16q24 (FOXL1). Gene expression analysis in osteogenic cells implied potential functional association of the two candidate genes (SMOC1 and CLDN14) in bone metabolism. Our findings independently confirm previously identified biological pathways underlying bone metabolism and contribute to the discovery of novel pathways, thus providing valuable insights into the intervention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Magnetic field structure of the extended 3C 380 jet
Authors: Gabuzda D. C. , Cantwell T. M. , Cawthorne T. V. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
An earlier study of the complex jet of 3C 380 by Papageorgiou et al. revealed total intensity and polarization structure associated with a bright knot K1 about 0.7 arcsec from the core that was reminiscent of that expected for a conical shock wave. In this new study, 1.42, 1.66 and 4.99 GHz total intensity, polarization and Faraday rotation images are presented and analysed. These images were derived from observations with the Very Long Baseline Array plus one antenna of the Very Large Array, obtained in 2006 March. These new images confirm the overall magnetic field structure of the knot K1 indicated in the earlier observations. In addition, a clear Faraday rotation gradient has been detected across the jet, extending roughly from 10 to 30 mas (70–200 pc) along the jet from the core (a radial distance of approximately two beamwidths). The gradient spans roughly 3.5 beamwidths in the transverse direction, and the difference in the rotation measures on either side of the jet is 4–5σ, demonstrating that the detection of the gradient is firm. We interpret this transverse Faraday rotation gradient as reflecting systematic variation of the line-of-sight component of a helical or toroidal magnetic field (B) associated with the jet of 3C 380. These results provide evidence that the helical field arising due to the joint action of the rotation of the central black hole and its accretion disc and the jet outflow can survive to distances of hundreds of parsecs from the central engine.
Relation Between Serum Osteocalcin Levels and Body Composition in Obese Children
Authors: Wang Jing‐Wen , Tang Qing‐Ya , Ruan Hui‐Juan , Cai Wei 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOverweight and obesity may contribute to bone fractures in children; however, the mechanism involved is not clear. In this study, we assessed the relation between serum osteocalcin levels and body composition in obese children. A total of 79 children (ages 7–12 years) were recruited. Serum osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with fat percentage and visceral fat area (r = −0.24 and r = −0.46, respectively, P < 0.05); however, no statistically significant association was found between obesity degree and serum osteocalcin levels (r = −0.29, P = 0.052). Serum osteocalcin levels were positively correlated with lean body mass, fat‐free mass, and fat‐free mass index (r = 0.24, 0.23, and 0.31, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in severely obese (44.46 ± 9.73 μg/mL) and moderately obese (48.72 ± 10.82 μg/mL) children than in mildly obese (55.43 ± 12.4 μg/mL) and overweight (54.36 ± 11.96 μg/mL) children (P = 0.02). These findings indicate that body composition is related to serum osteocalcin levels in overweight and obese children.
Is external cephalic version at term contraindicated in previous caesarean section? A prospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Burgos J , Cobos P , Rodríguez L , Osuna C , Centeno MM , Martínez‐Astorquiza T , Fernández‐Llebrez L 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo determine if external cephalic version (ECV) can be performed with safety and efficacy in women with previous caesarean section.DesignProspective comparative cohort study.SettingCruces University Hospital (Spain).PopulationSingle pregnancy with breech presentation at term.MethodsWe compared 70 ECV performed in women with previous caesarean section with 387 ECV performed in multiparous women (March 2002 to June 2012).Main outcome measuresSuccess rate, complications of the ECV and caesarean section rate.ResultsThe success rate of ECV in women after previous caesarean section was 67.1% versus 66.1% in multiparous women (P = 0.87). The logistic regression analysis confirmed this result (odds ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.52–1.68; P = 0.82) adjusted by the variables associated with success of ECV. There were no complications in the previous caesarean section cohort. The vaginal delivery rate in the previous caesarean section cohort was 52.8% versus 74.9% in the multiparous cohort (P < 0.01). There were no cases of uterine rupture.ConclusionBased on our data, we conclude that complications are uncommon with ECV in women with previous caesarean section, with a success rate comparable to that of multiparous women. Uterine scar should not be considered a contraindication and ECV should be offered to women with previous caesarean section with breech presentation at term.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section: a cohort study investigating factors associated with its uptake and success
Authors: Knight HE , Gurol‐Urganci I , van der Meulen JH , Mahmood TA , Richmond DH , Dougall A , Cromwell DA 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the demographic and obstetric factors associated with the uptake and success rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC).DesignCohort study using data from Hospital Episode Statistics.SettingEnglish National Health Service.PopulationWomen whose first birth resulted in a live singleton delivery by caesarean section between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2011, and who had a second birth before 31 March 2012.MethodsLogistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR).Main outcome measuresAttempted and successful VBAC.ResultsAmong the 143 970 women in the cohort, 75 086 (52.2%) attempted a VBAC for their second birth. Younger women, those of non‐white ethnicity and those living in a more deprived area had higher rates of attempted VBAC. Overall, 47 602 women (63.4%) who attempted a VBAC had a successful vaginal birth. Younger women and women of white ethnicity had higher success rates. Black women had a particularly low success rate (OR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.57). Women who had an emergency caesarean section in their first birth also had a lower VBAC success rate, particularly those with a history of failed induction of labour (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.53–0.67).ConclusionIn this national cohort, just over one‐half of women with a primary caesarean section who were eligible for a trial of labour attempted a VBAC for their second birth. Of these, almost two‐thirds successfully achieved a vaginal delivery.
Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation and Rancidity in Precooked Pork Patties by Radical‐Scavenging Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extract
Authors: Jiang Jiang , Zhang Xin , True Alma D. , Zhou Lirong , Xiong Youling L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of licorice extract (LE) to curtail lipid oxidation and protect sensory attributes of ground pork during refrigerated and frozen storage. Pork patties (20% fat) were formulated with 0%, 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.1% (meat basis) LE or rosemary extract (RE) as comparison or 0.01% (fat basis) BHA with 0 or 1.5% NaCl. Raw and precooked (75 °C) patties were packaged in polyvinylchloride overwrapped trays and stored at 2 °C up to 7 and 14 d, respectively, or at –20 °C up to 6 mo. Lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances [TBARS]) and sensory attributes of stored patty samples were evaluated, radical scavenging activity of the LE was measured, and the active phenolic compounds were identified. Cooking yield (<85%) was similar among antioxidant treatments, and lipid oxidation was minimal in refrigerated or frozen raw samples. However, TBARS values in refrigerated precooked control patties (0.22 mg/kg) rose to 9.3 to 9.4 mg/kg after 14 d, compared to 3.4 to 4.4 and 4.4 to 6.9 mg/kg in patties treated with 0.1% LE and RE, respectively. In frozen precooked samples, TBARS (0.22 mg/kg) increased to 1.3 mg/kg (P < 0.05) in control patties after 6 mo and had no significant change in patties treated with 0.1% LE or 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisol. Sensory panel evaluation confirmed strong inhibition of rancidity production by LE, corroborating its remarkable antiradical activity due to the presence of multiple phenolics. The results indicate that licorice has great potential as a natural antioxidative additive to extend the shelf‐life of precooked pork.
Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria during Fermentation of a Traditional Chinese Fish Product, Chouguiyu (Stinky Mandarinfish)
Authors: Dai Zhiyuan , Li Yan , Wu Jiajia , Zhao Qiaoling 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChouguiyu, or stinky mandarinfish, is a traditional Chinese fermented fish product made of mandarinfish by spontaneous fermentation at the anaerobic condition with low‐salt concentration. In order to get a primary understanding of the microbial community presenting in the Chouguiyu fermentation, 61 cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various fermentation period were isolated using MRS agar plates and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches including amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing analysis. Eight distinct bacterial species belonging to 6 genera were identified in total. Among them, Lactobacillus sakei was the dominant species (63%) during the fermentation, which exhibited great variety in phenotypic tests but unique genotypic characters. Meanwhile, the other LAB species including Lactococcus (Lc.) garvieae, Lc. lactis, Lc. raffinolactis, Vagococcus sp., Enterococcus hermanniensis, Macrococcus caseolyticus as well as Streptococcus parauberis were also recovered from the different fermentation periods, especially at the initial point of the fermentation. This seems to be the 1st report investigating the LAB composition involved in Chouguiyu fermentation and the data obtained in this study may be valuable for selecting starter culture for Chouguiyu industrial‐scale production.
Prevention of duodenal ileus reveals functional differences in the duodenal response to luminal hypertonicity in Sprague‐Dawley and Dark Agouti rats
Authors: Sedin J. , Sjöblom M. , Nylander O. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe mechanism by which the duodenum adjusts the luminal osmolality remains unclear. The aim was to compare the duodenal osmoregulation in response to different hyperosmolar solutions in Sprague‐Dawley and Dark Agouti rats and to elucidate whether cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition affects these responses.MethodsThe duodenum was perfused in situ with a 700‐milliosmolar solution (NaCl alone, D‐glucose ± NaCl, D‐mannitol ± NaCl or orange juice), and the effects on the duodenal motility, mucosal permeability, luminal alkalinization, fluid flux and osmoregulation were assessed in anaesthetized rats.ResultsThe change in net fluid flux and luminal osmolality, in response to a given hyperosmolar solution, was almost identical in control rats of both strains. In control rats, hypertonic D‐glucose–NaCl induced fluid secretion only in the presence of phlorizin, an inhibitor of SGLT1. Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition potentiated the hypertonicity‐induced fluid secretion and increased the osmolality‐adjusting capability in both strains, but the responses were greater in Dark Agouti rats. While cyclooxygenase‐2‐inhibited Dark Agouti rats responded to the hyperosmolar solutions with depression of motility and increased mucosal permeability, these effects were absent or smaller in the Sprague‐Dawley strain. In contrast, orange juice induced the same duodenal responses in cyclooxygenase‐2‐inhibited Dark Agouti and Sprague‐Dawley rats.ConclusionThe duodenum possesses the ability to absorb fluid despite a very high luminal osmolality. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 markedly enhanced the capability of the duodenum to secrete fluid and to decrease luminal osmolality, irrespective of the hyperosmolar solution or the rat strain used, and revealed notable differences between the two strains with regard to their osmolality‐adjusting capability.