bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excited‐State Deactivation of Branched Phthalocyanine Compounds
Authors: Zhu Huaning , Li Yang , Chen Jun , Zhou Meng , Niu Yingli , Zhang Xinxing , Guo Qianjin , Wang Shuangqing , Yang Guoqiang , Xia Andong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe excited‐state relaxation dynamics and chromophore interactions in two phthalocyanine compounds (bis‐ and trisphthalocyanines) are studied by using steady‐state and femtosecond transient absorption spectral measurements, where the excited‐state energy‐transfer mechanism is explored. By exciting phthalocyanine compounds to their second electronically excited states and probing the subsequent relaxation dynamics, a multitude of deactivation pathways are identified. The transient absorption spectra show the relaxation pathway from the exciton state to excimer state and then back to the ground state in bisphthalocyanine (bis‐Pc). In trisphthalocyanine (tris‐Pc), the monomeric and dimeric subunits are excited and the excitation energy transfers from the monomeric vibrationally hot S1 state to the exciton state of a pre‐associated dimer, with subsequent relaxation to the ground state through the excimer state. The theoretical calculations and steady‐state spectra also show a face‐to‐face conformation in bis‐Pc, whereas in tris‐Pc, two of the three phthalocyanine branches form a pre‐associated face‐to‐face dimeric conformation with the third one acting as a monomeric unit; this is consistent with the results of the transient absorption experiments from the perspective of molecular structure. The detailed structure–property relationships in phthalocyanine compounds is useful for exploring the function of molecular aggregates in energy migration of natural photosynthesis systems.
Clinical outcomes with transoral robotic surgery for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: Experience of a French evaluation cooperative subgroup of GETTEC
Authors: Razafindranaly Victor , Lallemant Benjamin , Aubry Karine , Moriniere Sylvain , Vergez Sébastien , Mones Erwan De , Malard Oliver , Ceruse Philippe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTransoral, minimally invasive, organ preservation surgeries are increasingly used to treat laryngopharyngeal carcinomas to avoid the toxicity associated with combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimens. This study investigated the efficiency, safety, and functional outcomes of using transoral robotic surgery (TORS) to perform supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL).MethodsThis was a multicenter study using a case series with planned data collection from 2009 to 2012 for patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) who underwent an SGL using TORS.ResultsEighty‐four of the 262 patients underwent TORS for a supraglottic SCC. Within 24 hours of surgery, 24% of the patients began an oral diet. The median use of a feeding tube was 8 days for 76% of other patients. Definitive percutaneous gastrostomy feeding was necessary for 9.5% of the patients. Twenty‐four percent of the patients did require a tracheostomy, and the median use was 8 days. One percent of the patients had a definitive tracheostomy. Aspiration pneumonia was observed in 23% of the patients during the postoperative course, and was responsible for the death of 1 patient. Postoperative bleeding occurred in 18% of the patients. Based on the pathology results, 51% of the patients received adjuvant radiation therapy.ConclusionTORS for SGL, in the intermediate stage of SCC, provides a safe procedure with good functional outcomes and fast recovery times; however, adverse events are possible. Consequently, this technique requires good selection criteria for the patients to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1097–E1101, 2016
Use of terrestrial field studies in the derivation of bioaccumulation potential of chemicals
Authors: van den Brink Nico W , Arblaster Jennifer A , Bowman Sarah R , Conder Jason M , Elliott John E , Johnson Mark S , Muir Derek CG , Natal-da-Luz Tiago , Rattner Barnett A , Sample Bradley E , Shore Richard F 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Field-based studies are an essential component of research addressing the behavior of organic chemicals, and a unique line of evidence that can be used to assess bioaccumulation potential in chemical registration programs and aid in development of associated laboratory and modeling efforts. To aid scientific and regulatory discourse on the application of terrestrial field data in this manner, this article provides practical recommendations regarding the generation and interpretation of terrestrial field data. Currently, biota-to-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are the most suitable bioaccumulation metrics that are applicable to bioaccumulation assessment evaluations and able to be generated from terrestrial field studies with relatively low uncertainty. Biomagnification factors calculated from field-collected samples of terrestrial carnivores and their prey appear to be particularly robust indicators of bioaccumulation potential. The use of stable isotope ratios for quantification of trophic relationships in terrestrial ecosystems needs to be further developed to resolve uncertainties associated with the calculation of terrestrial trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Sampling efforts for terrestrial field studies should strive for efficiency, and advice on optimization of study sample sizes, practical considerations for obtaining samples, selection of tissues for analysis, and data interpretation is provided. Although there is still much to be learned regarding terrestrial bioaccumulation, these recommendations provide some initial guidance to the present application of terrestrial field data as a line of evidence in the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation potential and a resource to inform laboratory and modeling efforts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:135–145. © 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
Terrestrial field studies are a valuable line of evidence in the assessment of the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals. Biota-to-Soil-Accumulation Factors (BSAFs) and Biomagnification Factors (BMFs) are the most robust metrics for quantifying chemical bioaccumulation potential, however, the use of stable isotopes (e.g., ?13C and ?15N) in terrestrial food webs, to support the use of Trophic Accumulation Factors (TMFs) needs further development. Inclusion of bioavailability, spatio-temporal variability and metabolism in assessments of chemical bioaccumulation potential is of great importance to increase environmental realism and relevance.
Impact of pharmacist involvement in the transitional care of high‐risk patients through medication reconciliation, medication education, and postdischarge call‐backs (IPITCH Study)
Authors: Phatak Arti , Prusi Rachael , Ward Brooke , Hansen Luke O. , Williams Mark V. , Vetter Elizabeth , Chapman Noelle , Postelnick Michael 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDPrevious data suggest that direct pharmacist interaction with patients through medication reconciliation, discharge counseling, and postdischarge phone calls decreases the number of adverse drug events (ADEs) and plays an overall positive role in transitional care. Previous studies have evaluated pharmacist involvement in improving transitional care, but these studies did not include multiple postdischarge follow‐up phone calls.OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this study were to assess the impact of pharmacist involvement in transitions of care as measured by decreased medication errors (MEs) and ADEs, patients' knowledge related to communication about their medications as measured by improvement in the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores, and 30‐day all‐cause inpatient readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits.METHODSThis was a prospective, randomized, single‐period longitudinal study that occurred from November 2012 through June 2013 at an urban, tertiary, academic medical center. Patients admitted to 2 designated internal medicine units on high‐risk medications or with greater than 3 prescription medications upon discharge were included for randomization. The control group received the usual hospital standard of care. The study group received face‐to‐face medication reconciliation, a patient‐specific pharmaceutical care plan, discharge counseling, and postdischarge phone calls on days 3, 14, and 30 to provide education and assess study endpoints.RESULTSA total of 278 patients were included in the final analysis, with 141 in the control group and 137 in the study group. Fifty‐five patients (39%) in the control arm experienced an inpatient readmission or ED visit within 30‐days postdischarge compared to 34 patients (24.8%) in the study arm (P = 0.01). Eighteen patients (12.8%) in the control group experienced an ADEs or MEs compared to 11 patients (8%) in the study group (P > 0.05). The HCAHPS scores during the study period showed a 9% improvement for the assessed questionnaire domain (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that pharmacist involvement in hospital discharge transitions of care had a positive impact on decreasing composite inpatient readmissions and ED visits. Statistically significant difference in medication‐related events and HCAHPS scores were not observed. Patients with moderately complex medication regimens benefited from a continuity of care involving a pharmacy team during transitions in care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:39–44. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Multicomponent T2 analysis of articular cartilage with synovial fluid partial volume correction
Authors: Liu Fang , Chaudhary Rajeev , Block Walter F. , Samsonov Alexey , Kijowski Richard 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo investigate the use of a three‐pool model to account for the confounding effects of synovial fluid on multicomponent T2 analysis of articular cartilage using Multicomponent Driven Equilibrium Single Shot Observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT).Materials and MethodsmcDESPOT was performed on the knee of eight asymptomatic volunteers and eight patients with osteoarthritis at 3.0T with multicomponent T2 maps created using the two‐pool model and a three‐pool model containing a nonexchanging synovial fluid water pool. The fraction of the fast‐relaxing water component (FF) and the T2 relaxation times for the fast‐relaxing (T2F) and slow‐relaxing (T2S) water components were measured in the superficial and deep layers of patellar cartilage using the two‐pool and three‐pool models in asymptomatic volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis and were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsWithin the superficial layer of patellar cartilage, FF was 22.5% and 25.6% for asymptomatic volunteers and 21.3% and 22.8% for patients with osteoarthritis when using the two‐pool and three‐pool models, respectively, while T2S was 73.9 msec and 62.0 msec for asymptomatic volunteers and 72.0 msec and 63.1 msec for patients with osteoarthritis when using the two‐pool and three‐pool models, respectively. For both asymptomatic volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis, the two‐pool model provided significantly (P < 0.05) lower FF and higher T2S than the three‐pool model, likely due to the effects of synovial fluid partial volume averaging.ConclusionThe effects of partial volume averaging between superficial cartilage and synovial fluid may result in biased multicomponent T2 measurements that can be corrected using an mcDESPOT three‐pool model containing a nonexchanging synovial fluid water pool. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1140–1147.
Reproducibility of cerebrovascular reactivity measures in children using BOLD MRI
Authors: Leung Jackie , Kim Junseok A. , Kassner Andrea 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measurements acquired in children using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with a computer‐controlled carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.Materials and MethodsTen healthy children (age 16.1 ± 1.6 years) underwent CVR imaging on a 3T scanner using a blood‐oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI sequence. Targeted hypercapnia was induced during imaging with a CO2 gas challenge delivered using a specialized gas sequencer (RespirAct). A total of four BOLD scans were performed over 2 separate days to test within‐day and between‐day consistency of the data. CVR values were computed by correlating the relative change in BOLD signal in response to the CO2 stimulus delivered to the each subject.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of within‐day values show highly reproducible measures in both the gray matter (ICC = 0.857, P < 0.001) and white matter (ICC = 0.895, P < 0.001). Relatively lower between‐day reproducibility was observed in both the gray matter (ICC = 0.776, P = 0.001) and white matter (ICC = 0.719, P = 0.004).ConclusionUsing a computer‐controlled CO2 stimulus, we have demonstrated the reliability of BOLD‐CVR measurements in pediatric subjects. Within‐day and between‐day metrics of reproducibility were comparable to adult data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1191–1195.
Temperature measurement in human fat with T2 imaging
Authors: Parmala Mikael , Eriksson Mikael , Rytioja Maria , Tanttu Jukka , Köhler Max 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo develop a method for noninvasive T2‐based thermometry that enables estimation of the in vivo temperature in adipose tissues at both 1.5T and 3T field strengths.Materials and MethodsA total of 27 apparent T2‐temperature measurement sets were performed on 13 human abdominal adipose tissue samples using an inversion prepared dual‐echo single‐slice sequence for apparent T2 estimation. The measurements were performed on Ingenia 1.5T and 3.0T scanners and Achieva 1.5T and 3.0T scanners. The apparent T2‐values were measured at 4°C temperature intervals during heating from 21 to 45°C and cooling to 21°C. A two‐parameter exponential fit was used to estimate the apparent T2 to temperature dependency on a scanner‐to‐scanner basis.ResultsIn the temperature range evaluated (21–45°C), the apparent T2 relaxation times increased from an average of ∼100 msec to 190 msec at 1.5T and an average of ∼130 msec to 220 msec at 3T. The measured T2‐relaxation times followed the calibration curve with a median absolute error of 0.37°C and maximum error of 1.7°C in 12 of the 13 samples, with the outlier having a notably different appearance upon visual inspection prior to measurement.ConclusionChanges in apparent T2 relaxation time has the potential to be used for accurately estimating local temperature within in vivo subcutaneous fat. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1171–1178.
A population‐based analysis of Head and Neck hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Shaigany Kevin , Fang Christina H. , Patel Tapan D. , Park Richard Chan , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisHemangiopericytomas (HPC) are tumors that arise from pericytes. Hemangiopericytomas of the head and neck are rare and occur both extracranially and intracranially. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment modalities, and survival characteristics of extracranial head and neck hemangiopericytomas (HN‐HPC) and compares them to HPCs at other body sites (Other‐HPC).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973–2012) was queried for HN‐HPC (121 cases) and Other‐HPC (510 cases). Data were analyzed comparatively with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier model.ResultsThere was no significant difference in age at time of diagnosis between HN‐HPC and Other‐HPC. Head and neck HPC was most commonly located in the connective and soft tissue (18.4%), followed by the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (8.5%). Head and neck HPCs were smaller than Other‐HPC (P < 0.0001) and more likely to be a lower histologic grade (P < 0.0097). The primary treatment modality for HN‐HPC was surgery alone, used in 55.8% of cases. The 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year DSS for HN‐HPC were 84.0%, 79.4%, and 69.4%, respectfully. Higher histologic grade and the presence of distant metastases were poor prognostic factors for HN‐HPC.ConclusionHead and neck HPCs are rare tumors. This study represents the largest series of HN‐HPCs to date. Surgery alone is the primary treatment modality for HN‐HPC, with a favorable prognosis. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not appear to confer a survival benefit for any body site.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:643–650, 2016
Shear dispersion from near‐inertial internal Poincaré waves in large lakes
Authors: Choi Jun M. , Troy Cary D. , Hawley Nathan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this work, we study mixed layer lateral dispersion that is enhanced by near‐inertial internal Poincaré waves in the offshore region of a large stratified lake, Lake Michigan. We examine the hypothesis that the vertical shear created by near‐inertial internal Poincaré waves is not only an energy source for vertical mixing in the thermocline and mixed layer, but also enhances horizontal dispersion via an unsteady shear flow dispersion mechanism. Complex empirical orthogonal function analysis reveals that the dominant shear structure is observed to mirror the thermal structure, with the location of maximum shear gradually lowered as the mixed layer deepens. This changing structure of shear and vertical mixing produces different characteristics in shear flow dispersion between the early and later stratified periods. The estimated depth‐averaged surface layer vertical turbulent diffusivity grows from
to
over the stratified period, and the associated lateral dispersion coefficients are estimated as 0.1
40
. The Poincaré waves are found to enhance greatly lateral dispersion for times less than the inertial period following release. In contrast, sub‐inertial shear is the dominant mechanism responsible for shear dispersion for times greater than the inertial period. A simple approximation of the dispersion coefficient for lateral dispersion is developed, which scales as the product of surface current velocity (or wind friction velocity) and mixed layer depth. The calculated dispersion coefficients agree well with Okubo's diffusion diagram for times up to a week, which suggests that unsteady shear dispersion is a plausible mechanism to explain observed dispersion rates in the mixed layer for early times after release.
Mary Seacole and claims of evidence‐based practice and global influence
Authors: McDonald Lynn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper was to explore the contribution of Mary Seacole to nursing and health care, notably in comparison with that of Florence Nightingale.BackgroundMuch information is available, in print and electronic, that presents Mary Seacole as a nurse, even as a pioneer nurse and leader in public health care. Her own memoir and copious primary sources, show rather than she was a businesswoman, who gave assistance during the Crimean War, mainly to officers. Florence Nightingale's role as the major founder of the nursing profession, a visionary of public health care and key player in advocating ‘environmental’ health, reflected in her ownNotes on Nursing, is ignored or misconstrued.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesBritish newspapers of 19th century andThe Timesdigital archive; Australian and New Zealand newspaper archives, published memoirs, letters and biographies/autobiographies of Crimean War participants were the major sources.ResultsCareful examination of primary sources, notably digitized newspaper sources, British, Australian and New Zealand, show that the claims for Seacole's ‘global influence’ in nursing do not hold, while her use of ‘practice‐based evidence’ might better be called self‐assessment. Primary sources, moreover, show substantial evidence of Nightingale's contributions to nursing and health care, in Australia, New Zealand, theUSAand many countries and theUKmuch material shows her influence also on hospital safety and health promotion.
“Grafting through” polymerization involving surface‐bound monomers
Authors: Datta Preeta , Genzer Jan 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT“Grafting through” polymerization represents copolymerization of free monomers in solution and polymerizable units bound to a substrate. Free polymer chains are formed initially in solution and can incorporate the surface‐bound monomers, and thereby, get covalently bonded to the surface during the polymerization process. As more growing chains attach to the surface‐bound monomers, an immobilized polymer layer is formed on the surface. We use a combination of computer simulation and experiments to comprehend this process for monomers bound to a flat impenetrable substrate. We concentrate specifically on addressing the effect of spatial density of the surface‐bound monomers on the formation of the surface‐attached polymers. We employ a lattice‐based Monte Carlo model utilizing the bond fluctuation model scheme to provide molecular‐level insight into the grafting process. For experimental validation, we create gradients of density of bound methacrylate units on flat silicon wafers using organosilane chemistry and carry out “grafting through” free radical polymerization initiated in bulk. We report that the proximity of the surface‐bound polymerizable units promotes the “grafting through” process but prevents more free growing chains to “graft through'' the polymerizable units. The “grafting through” process is self‐limiting in nature and does not affect the overall density of the surface‐bound polymer layer, except in case of the highest theoretical packing density of surface‐bound monomers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 263–274
Focused laser‐induced marangoni dewetting for patterning polymer thin films
Authors: Singer Jonathan P. , Kooi Steven E. , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTHighly‐localized focused laser spike (FLaSk) heating of polymer thin films is a resist‐ and developer‐free alternative to two‐dimensional (2D) laser direct write for creating patterns on the single micron or, by exploiting overlap effects, submicron scale. The massive temporal and spatial thermal gradients and resulting thermal Marangoni stresses generated by FLaSk are an effective means for the directed dewetting and patterning of such films. Here, the general applicability of this technique to glassy amorphous polymer thin film systems is investigated through systematic investigation of film thickness, glass transition temperature, and polymer mobility. The results reveal that the important parameters are the film thickness (coupled to the optical heating effects through anti‐reflection coating effects) and the high‐temperature polymer melt mobility, allowing for generation of single features with linewidths of down to ∼1 μm. Further, the introduction of spatial mobility variations by using polymer brushes, bilayers, and microphase separated block copolymers leads to additional profile manipulation effects (i.e. spontaneous 2D pattern generation and flattened top profiles). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 225–236