bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward–reverse blockchain traceability: promoting electric vehicles with battery recycling in the presence of subsidy
Authors: Li Jizi , Liu Fangbing , Zhang Justin Z. , Li Longyu , Ferreira João 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) and their battery recycling have recently garnered heightened attention from both firms and consumers, primarily driven by concerns related to environmental sustainability. However, consumers often grapple with uncertainties regarding the green valuation of EVs. Integrating blockchain traceability technology presents a promising solution to mitigate these ambiguities by providing traceable, immutable, and precise information. Within this context, this research, grounded in a game-theoretical framework, delves into the strategies involving blockchain traceability in the pre-purchase and post-purchase stages of EVs. Specifically, the paper analytically studies the influence of three distinct strategies, namely, non-blockchain traceability, forward blockchain traceability, and Forward–reverse blockchain traceability, on the willingness of EV manufacturers to adopt blockchain technology. In addition, the study incorporates two prevalent government subsidies to scrutinize and contrast their implications on optimal outcomes. The findings of this study uncover the nuanced relationship between adopting blockchain traceability and its impact on EV sales. Notably, the research shows that the positive impact on consumers’ surplus from blockchain adoption depends on the cost coefficient of green low-carbon levels not exceeding a particular threshold. Moreover, regarding the use of government subsidies to enhance overall social welfare, it is shown that the forward blockchain traceability strategy should align with consumer-oriented subsidies and the Forward–reverse blockchain traceability strategy with EV maker-oriented subsidies.
Understanding cardiac events in breast cancer (UCARE): pilot cardio-oncology assessment and surveillance pathway for breast cancer patients
Authors: Cronin Michael , Lowery Aoife , McInerney Veronica , Wijns William , Kerin Michael , Keane Maccon , Blazkova Silvie , Neiuroukh Dina , Martin Michael , Soliman Osama 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In Ireland, over 3000 patients are diagnosed with breast cancer annually, and 1 in 9 Irish women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. There is evidence that female breast cancer survivors are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than their age-matched counterparts. Specific services for cancer patients suffering from cancer therapy related cardiovascular toxicity have led to a higher incidence of safe anti-cancer treatment completion. Such services are not widely available in our jurisdiction, and the purpose of this trial is to remedy this situation.

Methods
This protocol describes a prospective, single arm, pilot feasibility study implementing a dedicated Cardio-Oncology assessment and surveillance pathway for patients receiving multimodal breast cancer treatment. It incorporates novel biomarker and radiomic surveillance and monitoring approaches for cancer-therapy related cardiac dysfunction into routine care for breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant systemic chemotherapy.

Results
Declaration of results will via peer reviewed academic journals, and communicated directly to key knowledge users both nationally and internationally. This engagement will be critical to enable to healthcare services and policy sector make informed decisions or valuable changes to clinical practice, expenditure and/or systems development to support specialized Cardio-Oncology clinical pathways. All data is to be made available upon request.

Conclusion
Dedicated cardio-oncology services have been recommended in recent literature to improve patient outcomes. Our protocol describes a feasibility study into the provision of such services for breast cancer.
Global South States’ Views on Building Partnerships with Corporations: An Agonistic Struggle in the UN and Beyond
Authors: Nilsson Eva , Fougère Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we analyse the global consensus on the UN’s partnership approach to businesses through an agonistic lens. In doing so, we seek to understand the positioning of states, particularly those in the Global South, towards the partnership approach. We draw on Mouffe’s conceptualisation of ‘the political’, in which the appearance of consensus is always an expression of hegemony accompanied by exclusion and dissensus. First, we show that the partnership approach was initially promoted by the Global North, in particular European states together with UN leadership, against fears and criticism raised by Global South states. Second, we show that Global South states have not fundamentally challenged the idea of engaging in partnerships with businesses, but they have questioned how these partnerships should be designed to shape a more equally beneficial global economy. With this article, we contribute to the literature on the UN and business ethics by identifying how the evolution of the consensus on business partnerships has been a hegemonic arrangement since the 2000s. Furthermore, we illustrate the role that states have had in forming this consensus. We also contribute to business ethics studies engaging with dissensus by problematising the potential of ‘agonistic deliberation’ at the UN level in supporting the interests of the Global South.
Business Strategy, Short-Term Debt, and Cost Stickiness
Authors: Askarany Davood , Parsaei Mona , Ghanbari Nilofar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the dynamics that underlie the relationship between changes in a company's sales and its cost structure. It also explores the influence of short-term debt, often associated with sales, on a phenomenon known as cost stickiness. Furthermore, we examine the roles of product market competition and various business strategies in shaping these interactions. We used financial data from 153 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2021 to conduct a rigorous regression analysis to unearth significant insights. Our findings reveal that short-term debt serves as a mechanism for companies to effectively manage their financial obligations with lenders and creditors, and it is inversely correlated with cost stickiness. Moreover, our results shed light on how the impact of short-term debt on cost stickiness varies in response to the competitive nature of the product market and a company's chosen business strategy. Specifically, when companies adopt a "prospector strategy" to explore new markets and expand their product offerings, the negative association between short-term debt and cost stickiness weakens. In a broader context, our study contributes to comprehending cost stickiness and carries practical implications for industry professionals and future scholarly pursuits.
Examining ChatGPT’s validity as a source for scientific inquiry and its misconceptions regarding cell energy metabolism
Authors: Elmas Rıdvan , Adiguzel-Ulutas Merve , Yılmaz Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany people use technological tools that are widely accessible, respond quickly, and have extensive information networks today. Due to recent technological advances in education and the increasing acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, the issues regarding their implementation in education require identification and analysis. ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer), an artificial intelligence program that emerged in 2022, contains notable characteristics. OpenAI created ChatGPT and released it to users in 2022. ChatGPT is a machine learning-powered chatbot that can deliver detailed responses to inquiries. This research aims to evaluate the validity of ChatGPT-generated responses when scientific questions related to the biochemistry discipline are posed. A document analysis was conducted to determine the scientific validity of responses produced by ChatGPT for five questions. Five questions originating from bio-chemistry content were asked to ChatGPT in a written format. The AI’s generated answers were saved and analyzed depending on their scientific validity. As a result of the study, it was detected that ChatGPT responded with scientifically incorrect or incomplete answers to the five questions asked. Besides, when asked the reason for ChatGPT’s response, it is seen that AI insisted on its invalid answers. Following prompts for certainty, the AI’s performance was evaluated. It provided scientifically correct answers to the first two questions, partially correct answers to the third, and consistently offered invalid solutions for the remaining questions. Ultimately, ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited in providing scientifically rigorous responses. To obtain accurate and appropriate answers, it is imperative to pose comprehensive and detailed inquiries that facilitate a more precise and informed response. Scholars and researchers must acknowledge that ChatGPT harbors certain misconceptions and consequently only constitutes a somewhat dependable and scientifically validated resource.
Meaning, Communal Use and Deference to Experts
Authors: Kaluziński Bartosz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is hardly controversial that laypeople have little-to-no knowledge concerning the actual meaning of such specialist terms as “boson” or “sarcoidosis” (at best, they can say that sarcoidosis is a disease and boson is some particle.) It has been convincingly shown (Burge, 1979, 1986, 1988, 1989, 2003; Putnam, 1973, 1975, 1978) that not the community as a whole, but rather relevant experts play an essential role in determining the meaning of such specialist terms. Normative inferentialism, an important alternative to more traditional representational semantics, is an essentially social theory that emphasizes the role a linguistic community as a whole plays in determining linguistic meaning: Communal inferential rules are constitutive of expressions’ meanings. To date, inferentialists have largely ignored highly specialised discourses. This article fills that gap. I argue that the normative inferentialist can account for highly specialised discourses in a manner that respects Burgean insights concerning the critical role of the relevant experts in determining linguistic meaning. The result stems naturally from the central point of inferentialism: The game of giving and asking for reasons.
Moral Facts Do Not Supervene on Non-moral Qualitative Facts
Authors: Hong Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is very natural to think that if two people, x and y, are qualitatively identical and have committed qualitatively identical actions, then it cannot be the case that one has committed something wrong whereas the other did not. That is to say, if x and y differ in their moral status, then it must be because x and y are qualitatively different, and not simply because x is identical to x and not identical to y. In this fictional dialogue between Socrates and Cantor involving infinitely many qualitatively identical agents, this assumption is challenged.
Educational Gradient of Multi-partner Fertility: First Estimates for the UK
Authors: Stannard Sebastian , Berrington Ann , Alwan Nisreen A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent demographic changes in Western countries have resulted in higher rates of partnership dissolution and serial partnering, and an increase in childbearing across multiple partnerships. This has given rise to more complex family dynamics including multi-partner fertility (MPF), defined as having biological children with two or more partners. Yet estimates of MPF in the UK have not previously been available. This paper describes an ‘indirect approach’ to estimate the prevalence of MPF in the UK, for men and women, given different assumptions. The paper additionally explores differences in MPF according to own and parental educational attainment. Amongst those born in Britain in 1970, 12–14% of men and 15–18% of women experienced MPF by age 42, depending on the assumptions made. For most of the cohort, MPF occurred with two different coresidential partners. We have established that MPF is a common family formation in the UK, but there are large educational disparities in MPF prevalence.
Multi-model genome-wide association study on key organic naked barley agronomic, phenological, diseases, and grain quality traits
Authors: Paire Laura , McCabe Cathal , McCabe Tomás 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study objective was to assess the potential benefits of using genomic tools in organic plant breeding programs to enhance selection efficiency. A diversity panel of 247 spring naked barley accessions was characterized under Irish organic conditions over 3 years. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed on 19 traits related to agronomy, phenology, diseases, and grain quality, using the information on 50 K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP). Four models (EMMA, G model, BLINK, 3VMrMLM) were applied to 5 types of Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (BLUP): within-year, mean, aggregated within-year). 1653 Marker-Trait-Associations (MTA) were identified, with 259 discovered in at least two analyses. 3VMrMLM was the best-performing model with significant MTA together explaining the largest proportion of the additive variance for most traits and BLUP types (from 1.4 to 50%). This study proposed a methodology to prioritize main effect MTA from different models’ outputs, using multi-marker regression analyses with markers fitted as fixed or random factors. 36 QTL, considered major, explained more than 5% of the trait variance on each BLUP type. A candidate gene or known QTL was found for 18 of them, with 13 discovered with 3VMrMLM. Multi-model GWAS was useful for validating additional QTL, including 8 only discovered with BLINK or G model, thus allowing a broader understanding of the traits’ genetic architecture. In addition, results highlighted a correlation between the trait value and the number of favorable major QTL exhibited by accessions. We suggest inputting this number in a multi-trait index for a more efficient Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) of accessions best balancing multiple quantitative traits.
The Role of Transparency in Digital Contact Tracing During COVID-19: Insights from an Expert Survey
Authors: Krämer Dennis , Brachem Elisabeth , Schneider-Reuter Lydia , D’Angelo Isabella , Vollmann Jochen , Haltaufderheide Joschka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHealth technologies such as apps for digital contract tracing [DCT] played a crucial role in containing and combating infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their primary function was to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by consistently generating and disseminating information related to various events such as encounters, vaccinations or infections. While the functionality of DCT has been well researched, the necessity of transparency in the use of DCT and the consent to share sensitive information such as users’ health, vaccination and location status remains unclear. On one hand, DCT enabled the continuous monitoring of various risk factors, including data-based calculations of infection probabilities. On the other hand, digital monitoring of health risks was closely associated with various uncertainties, such as the ambiguous storage of personal data and its potential future misuse, e.g., by tech companies or health authorities. Our contribution aims to retrospectively analyze the COVID-19 pandemic from a post-pandemic perspective and utilize it as a case study for the implementation of new technological measures. We argue that under the condition of voluntary use of DCT, transparency plays a key role in convincing individuals to install health technologies on their mobile devices, keep them activated and consent to the sharing of sensitive data. We support our argument with qualitative data from an expert survey conducted between 2020 and 2021 and analyzed according to the principles of Grounded Theory.
Curiosity Opens Relationships of the World and with Others: Narratives from Doing Teaching and Learning Through Curiosity
Authors: Cavicchi Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat potentials does curiosity bear for education? Some characterizations portray curiosity as self-motivated search for answers, a drive conformable with conventional education’s imperative for correct answers. For participants in this study, curiosity engages them with their relationships to the world. This article examines curiosity from along my developing in learning and teaching. While school settings limited or excluded curiosity, both for me as a student and as a teacher, it relates how I encountered the value of curiosity in examples of my father, mentors, and other experiences. Beginning with a gradual and uncertain process, I transitioned from being an educator bound by conventional expectations, to a teacher-researcher creating environments where learners’ expressions and acts of curiosity constitute the educational work that I actively support and seek to extend. Curiosity in the classroom generates trajectories and engagements that differ from conventional instruction. This article demonstrates and researches the educational work of curiosity, through contextual narratives from my teaching as a beginner at accommodating students’ curiosity, and from my recent teaching, where students and I more fully commit to the relational and educational possibilities of encouraging curiosity. In facilitating these experiences, I apply the research pedagogy of Eleanor Duckworth, ‘critical exploration in the classroom’. In narratives from my teaching, curiosity propels exploring relationships among: floating and sinking; trees, leaves and acorns; dye in water; maple sap sweetness; bubbles in water; and permutations of objects. Provocations from historical works include: Leonardo’s drawings; Hooke’s and Ramón y Cajal’s microscopy; Keats’ “negative capability”; Dewey’s reflections on interdependency among children and adults; and children’s creations in Reggio Emilia preschools. As experience builds through curiosity, relations deepen in ways simultaneously unadulterated—exploring unconstrained—and unchildlike—sustaining commitment. Participants characterize our process as having “No End Goal” imposed from outside themselves, unlike formal instruction that suppresses personal curiosity in favor of pre-ordained goals. The natural world, opened by curiosity, embodies ever-emerging relationships that accommodate concurrent widening and deepening of learners’ involvement and realizations. Learning experiences happening through relationships are infused with emotion, aesthetic qualities, and social connections and concerns.
Combating Fake News Using Implementation Intentions
Authors: Armeen Inaiya , Niswanger Ross , Tian Chuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rise of misinformation on social media platforms is an extremely worrisome issue and calls for the development of interventions and strategies to combat fake news. This research investigates one potential mechanism that can help mitigate fake news: prompting users to form implementation intentions along with education. Previous research suggests that forming “if – then” plans, otherwise known as implementation intentions, is one of the best ways to facilitate behavior change. To evaluate the effectiveness of such plans, we used MTurk to conduct an experiment where we educated participants on fake news and then asked them to form implementation intentions about performing fact checking before sharing posts on social media. Participants who had received both the implementation intention intervention and the educational intervention significantly engaged more in fact checking behavior than those who did not receive any intervention as well as participants who had received only the educational intervention. This study contributes to the emerging literature on fake news by demonstrating that implementation intentions can be used in interventions to combat fake news.
Comparing and Improving Active Learning Uncertainty Measures for Transformer Models by Discarding Outliers
Authors: Gonsior Julius , Falkenberg Christian , Magino Silvio , Reusch Anja , Hartmann Claudio , Thiele Maik , Lehner Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite achieving state-of-the-art results in nearly all Natural Language Processing applications, fine-tuning Transformer-encoder based language models still requires a significant amount of labeled data to achieve satisfying work. A well known technique to reduce the amount of human effort in acquiring a labeled dataset is Active Learning (AL): an iterative process in which only the minimal amount of samples is labeled. AL strategies require access to a quantified confidence measure of the model predictions. A common choice is the softmax activation function for the final Neural Network layer. In this paper, we compare eight alternatives on seven datasets and show that the softmax function provides misleading probabilities. Our finding is that most of the methods primarily identify hard-to-learn-from samples (commonly called outliers), resulting in worse than random performance, instead of samples, which actually reduce the uncertainty of the learned language model. As a solution, this paper proposes Uncertainty-Clipping, a heuristic to systematically exclude samples, which results in improvements for most methods compared to the softmax function.
Research Ethics in Swedish Dissertations in Educational Science – A Matter of Confusion
Authors: Cronqvist Marita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn all research, ethical considerations are crucial to reliability and quality and researchers are guided by various national and international documents and ethical committees. Despite different strategies to guide researchers and to ensure quality, there still seems to be uncertainty in educational science about how research ethics should be positioned and handled in practice. The aim of this study is to phenomenologically explore what meanings the phenomenon research ethics are given in Swedish doctoral dissertations in educational research based on how doctoral researchers position, frame and present research ethics in their ethical elaborations. The empirical data consists of 60 doctoral dissertations in educational science at Swedish universities from the past year. The result indicates very different meanings of ethical considerations despite a quite common point of departure in the Swedish Research Council’s guidelines and knowledge of the Ethics Review Act. Some variations can be related to the differences in the studies’ designs, but regardless of such explanations, the conclusion is that consensus regarding ethical considerations in research is largely lacking.