bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory and Muscular Perceived Exertion During Official Games in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Arcos Asier Los , Méndez-Villanueva Alberto , Yanci Javier , Martínez-Santos Raúl 
Published: July 2015

Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess the respiratory and muscular session ratings of perceived exertion (PE) after official soccer matches over an extended period of time (ie, 2 competition seasons) in relation to playing time (>20, 20–45, 45–70, and >70 min) and to determine the between-matches variability of both scores in young professional soccer players.Methods:Forty players belonging to the same reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club participated in this study. Respiratory and muscular PE were collected 10 min after every game. A total of 841 individual PE ratings were undertaken on outfield players.Results:The differences between match respiratory and muscular load differ depending on the playing time, the respiratory PE being greater for the players that competed less than 45 min (effect size = –0.45 ± 0.45 for the 20- to 45-min group) and the muscular PE greater for players that played more than 45 min (effect size = 0.23 ± 0.30, for the 45- to 70-min group). Match-to-match PE variability was considerable (CV = 14–54%) for all levels of participation, but it was lower the longer the players participated.Conclusions:Playing time influenced the relative exertion that players’ respiratory and leg musculature were exposed to during a game, suggesting that differential PE scores might provide a more accurate evaluation of match-imposed internal load. However, the small-magnitude differences between respiratory and muscular session ratings of PE observed in the current study might question the practical relevance of assessing both scores.
Improving postoperative pain management in subpectoral tissue expander implant reconstruction of the breast using an elastomeric pump
Authors: Chaudhry A , Hallam S , Chambers A , Sahu AK , Govindarajulu S , Cawthorn S 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Postoperative pain after breast surgery is one of the major factors contributing to delay in mobilisation and prolonged hospital stay. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing skin sparing mastectomy and insertion of a subpectoral implant. The aim was to determine whether the use of an elastomeric local anaesthetic pump improved pain control and length of stay. Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing the above procedure were sited with an elastomeric local anaesthetic infusion pump intraoperatively, in addition to standard regular and pro re nata analgesia. The control group comprised 25 patients undergoing the same procedure in the same year who received standard analgesia alone. Visual analogue scale scores were recorded for the duration of inpatient stay, as was any further analgesic requirement. Results The median age was 51 years (range: 26–75 years) in the intervention group and 50 years (range: 28–70 years) in the control group. The mean visual analogue scale score was 0.28 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.61) at 24 hours for the intervention group and 1.84 (SD: 0.37) for the control group (p<0.0001). The mean length of stay was 1.8 days (SD: 0.71 days) for the intervention group and 2.28 days (SD: 0.94 days) for the control group (p=0.15). There were no complications involving catheter placement, leakage or toxicity relating to use of the local anaesthetic. Conclusions There was significantly reduced pain with the use of the local anaesthetic infusion pump. The elastomeric pump is a step towards enhanced patient recovery after breast surgery in the case of skin sparing mastectomy and subpectoral tissue expander reconstruction.
Colonization of diatoms and bacteria on artificial substrates in the northeastern coastal Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mejdandžić Maja , Ivanković Tomislav , Pfannkuchen Martin , Godrijan Jelena , Pfannkuchen Daniela Marić , Hrenović Jasna , Ljubešić Zrinka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEvery surface that is immersed in seawater becomes rapidly covered with an unavoidable biofilm. Such biofilm formation, also known as fouling, is a complex multistage process and not yet thoroughly investigated. In this study, the succession of diatoms and bacteria was investigated during a one month exposure on an artificial substrate of plexiglass (polymer of methyl methacrylate) mounted above the seafloor at a depth of 5 m. For biofilm analyses, the fouling was investigated using selective agar plates, epifluorescence, light and electronic microscopy, as well as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis. During biofilm development, the abundance of all biofilm components increased and reached maximum values after a one month exposure. In the bacterial community, heterotrophic marine bacteria were dominant and reached 1.96 ± 0.79 × 104colony forming units (CFU) cm-2. Despite the fact that faecal coliforms and intestinal enterococci were detected in the water column, faecal coliforms were not detected in the biofilm and intestinal enterococci appeared after one month of exposure but in the negligible number of 60 ± 10 CFU cm-2. The phototrophic component of the biofilm was dominated by diatoms and reached a concentration of 6.10 × 105cells cm-2, which was supported by pigment analysis with fucoxanthin as dominant pigment in a concentration up to 110 ng cm-2. The diatom community was dominated by Cylindrotheca closterium and other pennate benthic diatoms. A detailed taxonomic analysis by electronic microscopy revealed 30 different taxa of diatoms. The study confirmed that a plexiglass surface in a marine environment is susceptible to biofouling within 30 days of contact. Furthermore, the co lonization process sequence firstly involved bacteria and cyanobacteria, and secondly diatoms, which together formed a primary biofilm in the sea.
Carotenoid determination in tomato juice using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Deák Konrád , Szigedi Tamás , Pék Zoltán , Baranowski Piotr , Helyes Lajos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA rapid non-destructive method for profiling tomato carotenoids was developed using NIR spectrometry. One hundred and twenty tomato samples were produced at the Experimental Farm of Szent István University in Gödöllő (Hungary). The sample preparation was based on homogenization. The mixed samples were scanned with a diode array Perten DA7200 NIR Analyzer (950-1650 nm) and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The calibration was based on partial least squares regression with cross-validation. The performance of the final model was evaluated according to root mean square error of cross-validation. The results indicate that the main carotenoid components were accurately predicted. The correlation between the NIR measurement and the β-carotene content of tomatoes was adequately high [R2CV = 0.89; root mean square error of cross-validation = 0.174 μg g−1]. The NIR method was also performed for the determination of the all-trans lycopene content (R2CV = 0.75; root mean square error of cross-validation = 6.88 μg g−1). It can be concluded that the diode array NIR spectrometer has the potential to be used for the determination of the main carotenoids of tomatoes.
Atmospheric moisture controls far-red irradiation: a probable impact on the phytochrome
Authors: Doroszewski Andrzej , Górski Tadeusz , Kozyra Jerzy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is commonly accepted that an important role of the phytochrome lies in signalling the proximity of competing plants. However, not all photoresponses conveyed by the phytochrome can be explained by the competition only. Because a better description of the natural variability of solar spectral irradiance is necessary to recognize the other roles of the phytochrome, long-lasting spectroradiometric measurements have been performed. Special attention has been paid to the relations between the far-red and red bands of the solar spectrum, which have an impact on the phytochrome. The effect of atmospheric moisture on far-red irradiance (attenuated in the 720 nm band of water vapour absorption) is described. The far-red irradiance, active in the ‘high irradiance response’ of the phytochrome, and the red/far-red ratio, important for the ‘low fluence response’, may vary very strongly relative to the atmospheric moisture. Together with other facts known from photophysiology, the results of the measurements enabled us to formulate a thesis that the phytochrome monitors the amount of water vapour and opens appropriate metabolic pathways to cope with the danger of drought. The recognition of this novel role of the phytochrome might broaden the knowledge in the area of plant photomorphogenesis and ecology.
Physical properties of gluten-free bread caused by water addition
Authors: Różyło Renata , Dziki Dariusz , Gawlik-Dziki Urszula , Cacak-Pietrzak Grażyna , Miś Antoni , Rudy Stanisław 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we propose for the first time a description (regression and canonical form) of the changes in the physical properties of several types of natural gluten-free bread produced with different amounts of water in the recipe. Five types of bread, made of corn flour (100%), rice flour (100%), corn and rice flour (50:50%), buckwheat, corn, and rice flour (30:35:35%), were investigated. It has been noticed that, by changing the amount of water addition to the dough, it is possible to significantly affect the quality of different types of natural gluten-free bread. Addition of water from 80 to 120% of flour mass, resulted in significant changes in the quality of bread. Bread made of corn flour required the largest amount of water addition (120%); however, bread made of rice flour was characterized by a better quality with the lowest amount of water addition (80%), while bread made of corn and rice flour and buckwheat, corn, and rice flour were characterized by the best quality when the amount of water addition was 90%. Changes in the physical properties of bread were described as second degree polynomial regression equations or by linear regression and the canonical form was proposed.
The Metal And Sulphate Removal From Mine Drainage Waters By Biological-Chemical Ways
Authors: Jenčárová Jana , Luptáková Alena 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Mine drainage waters are often characterized by high concentrations of sulphates and metals as a consequence of the mining industry of sulphide minerals. The aims of this work are to prove some biological-chemical processes utilization for the mine drainage water treatment. The studied principles of contamination elimination from these waters include sulphate reduction and metal bioprecipitation by the application of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Other studied process was metal sorption by prepared biogenic sorbent. Mine drainage waters from Slovak localities Banská Štiavnica and Smolník were used to the pollution removal examination. In Banská Štiavnica water, sulphates decreased below the legislative limit. The elimination of zinc by sorption experiments achieved 84 % and 65 %, respectively.
Demography, breeding success and effects of nest type in artificial colonies of Red-footed Falcons and allies
Authors: Kotymán László , Solt Szabolcs , Horváth Éva , Palatitz Péter , Fehérvári Péter 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Shortage of breeding sites is an important limiting factor of bird populations. Artificial breeding platforms, nest-boxes or man-made twig nests often present solutions with remarkable results, however long-term sustainability of these populations remains to be resolved. Furthermore, the question whether the inference of results of studies conducted on birds breeding in artificial breeding sites can be generalized to other populations, still remains open. Here we present the history, and the results of a 20 year old (1995-2015) nest-box programme initiated to increase potential breeding possibilities of Red-footed Falcons in an area, where nest-site shortage was a severe limiting factor. We show how various other species (Jackdaws, Kestrels and Long-eared Owls) have utilized these resources, and present descriptive statistics on their reproductive performance. Analysing the data of a total of 1432 breeding attempts, we show that Red-footed Falcons have similar clutch sizes, and nesting success (i.e. ratio of nests with at least on fledgling), however fledging success (ratio of the number of eggs/fledged nestlings) was different in artificial nest-boxes. When we excluded closed box types from artificial nests, this difference was not apparent. In case of Kestrels (n=1626 breeding attempts) clutch size was significantly higher in artificial nests, while we found no difference in fledging or nesting success. When only comparing open boxes to natural nests, the difference in clutch size was no longer significant. We also analysed the effect of nest box design on reproductive parameters of the two species using regression trees. Inter annual effects were the most important in shaping clutch size and fledging rate of both falcon species, however we also found nest-box design effects, but only in Red-footed Falcons. In years when mean clutch size was high, these birds had lower clutch size in an older, darker nest-box type compared to an alternative design, and to open boxes. However, fledging rate in the same years was lower for both open boxes and older nest-boxes. We conclude that artificial colonies are an important and successful tool in Red-footed Falcon conservation, and that the breeding parameters measured in artificial colonies depend on nest-box design. We present correlative evidence that closed boxes have a significant positive species specific effect on reproduction, probably due to their protection against weather. We also show that birds may have a preference for a certain nest-box design, and that the breeding success in the less favoured box type may be similar to that in open nests. We recommend that future studies incorporate nest-type and nest-box design effects in all comparisons made on reproductive performance in case of Red-footed Falcons and Kestrels.
Language as a Tool. An Insight From Cognitive Science
Authors: Brożek Bartosz , Hohol Mateusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper it has been argued that the theory of conceptual maps developed recently by Paul M. Churchland provides support for Wittgenstein’s claim that language is a tool for acting in the world. The role of language is to coordinate and shape the conceptual maps of the members of the given language community, reducing the cross-individual cognitive idiosyncrasies and paving the way for joint cognitive enterprises. Moreover, Churchland’s theory also explains our tendency to speak of language as consisting of concepts which correspond to things we encounter in the world. The puzzle of common sense reference is no longer a puzzle: while at the fundamental level language remains a tool for orchestrating conceptual maps, the fact that the maps encode some communally shared categorization of experience fuels our talk of concepts capturing the essences of things, natural kinds, prototypes, etc.
The Relationship Between Listening Strategy Performance and Critical Listening Ability of Indonesian Students
Authors: Arono Arono 
Published: July 2015

It is believed that students’ critical listening ability can be improved through proper listening strategy performance. This action research (Fraenkel Wallen, 2007) was conducted in line with the assumption that students of Indonesia Literature and Language Education, Bengkulu University and Bengkulu Muhammadiyah University could reach proficient level provided that they were taught properly. The goal of this research was to reveal listening strategy performance related to students’ critical listening ability. The result of the research showed that the relationship between listening strategy performance and critical listening ability of students tended to be directly proportional in which high students’ listening strategy performance tended to be followed by high critical listening ability and vise versa. Students’ listening strategy performance in improving students’ critical listening ability was able to (1) effective activities, students create active, effective, and creative learning process independently in measuring and developing in each step of listening learning model, (2) enough listening learning media can improve students’ critical listening skill (3) critical listening strategy performance can increase students’ critical listening ability. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Difusores y justicieros. Las instituciones judiciales en la política de derechos humanos
Authors: Ansolabehere Sesti Karina 
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo realiza dos contribuciones principales al estudio de las instituciones judiciales en el campo de la política de derechos humanos. La primera es la comprensiónde los rasgos que la política sobre derechos humanos asigna al comportamiento de las instituciones judiciales que no había sido sistematizado hasta el momento. En la revisión se identifican dos comportamientos judiciales deseables no necesariamente relacionados: la difusión de normas internacionales de derechos humanos y la impartición de justicia propiamente dicha. La segunda, íntimamente vinculada con el primer aporte, es hacer avanzar la frontera del conocimiento en el tema a partir del desarrollo de categorías de análisis más complejas e integrales a través de la propuesta de construcción de una tipología que tome en cuenta los dos rasgos del comportamiento judicial previsto en el campo de estudio de la política de derechos humanos: la difusión y la justicia.
Promoting a More Interactive Public Archaeology
Authors: Means Bernard K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStewards of the tangible past are increasingly embracing technologies that enable digital preservation of rare and fragile finds. The Virtual Curation Laboratory (VCL) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) partners with museums, cultural heritage locations, and collections repositories to create three-dimensional (3D) digital models of artifacts from archaeological sites distributed across the globe. In the VCL, undergraduate VCU students bring a fresh perspective unburdened by archaeological orthodoxy as they use a laser scanner to record artifact details, edit the resulting digital models, and print plastic replicas that are painted to resemble the original items. The 3D digital models and printed replicas allow for new ways of visualizing the past, while preserving the actual artifacts themselves. These forms of archaeological visualization enable the broader public and not just a narrow band of researchers to dynamically and meaningfully interact with rare and fragile objects in ways that would otherwise not be possible, empowering their own contributions to interpreting, understanding, and reimagining the past. We must embrace co-creation through virtual artifact curation and recognize that, while we sacrifice some control over the stories that are told about the past, more stories will be told and shared as pieces of the past become more accessible.
Evaluating the relationship between topography and groundwater using outputs from a continental‐scale integrated hydrology model
Authors: Condon Laura E. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the influence of topography on groundwater fluxes and water table depths across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Groundwater tables are often conceptualized as subdued replicas of topography. While it is well known that groundwater configuration is also controlled by geology and climate, nonlinear interactions between these drivers within large real‐world systems are not well understood and are difficult to characterize given sparse groundwater observations. We address this limitation using the fully integrated physical hydrology model ParFlow to directly simulate groundwater fluxes and water table depths within a complex heterogeneous domain that incorporates all three primary groundwater drivers. Analysis is based on a first of its kind, continental‐scale, high‐resolution (1 km), groundwater‐surface water simulation spanning more than 6.3 million km2. Results show that groundwater fluxes are most strongly driven by topographic gradients (as opposed to gradients in pressure head) in humid regions with small topographic gradients or low conductivity. These regions are generally consistent with the topographically controlled groundwater regions identified in previous studies. However, we also show that areas where topographic slopes drive groundwater flux do not generally have strong correlations between water table depth and elevation. Nonlinear relationships between topography and water table depth are consistent with groundwater flow systems that are dominated by local convergence and could also be influenced by local variability in geology and climate. One of the strengths of the numerical modeling approach is its ability to evaluate continental‐scale groundwater behavior at a high resolution not possible with other techniques.
Multivariable adaptive output rejection of unmatched input disturbances
Authors: Wen Liyan , Tao Gang , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAdaptive control schemes are developed for uncertain multivariable systems with unmatched input disturbances and are applied to an aircraft flight turbulence compensation problem. Key relative degree conditions from system input and disturbance are derived in terms of system interactor matrices for the design of a nominal state or output feedback control law that ensures desired asymptotic output tracking and disturbance rejection. To deal with an uncertain system high‐frequency gain matrix, a gain matrix decomposition technique is employed to parametrize an error system model in terms of the parameter and tracking errors, for the design of an adaptive parameter update law with reduced system knowledge. Both adaptive state and output feedback control schemes are presented in detail for systems with general interactor matrices, based on an LDS gain decomposition parametrization, and LDU and SDU decomposition‐based designs are also discussed, to develop unified adaptive disturbance rejection techniques for multivariable systems. All closed‐loop system signals are bounded, and the system output tracks a reference output asymptotically despite the system and disturbance parameter uncertainties. Simulation results of an aircraft flight control system with adaptive turbulence compensation are presented to show the desired system disturbance rejection performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Primary Photochemical Processes of Octahedral Iron(V) Formation with Femtosecond Mid‐infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Torres‐Alacan Joel , Lindner Jörg , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the research group of Prof. Peter Vöhringer (University of Bonn). The image shows an octahedral nitrido iron(V) complex, which is a highly reactive high‐valent iron species, whose photoinduced formation was detected in liquid solution by using ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy with mid‐infrared laser pulses. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500370.