bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triplet harvesting in poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) and poly(9‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)carbazole) doped with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots encapsulated with 16‐(N‐carbazolyl) hexadecanoic acid ligands
Authors: Khetubol Adis , Van Snick Sven , Stanislovaityte Egle , Hassinen Antti , Coutiño‐González Eduardo , Vanderlinden Willem , Firdaus Yuliar , Fron Eduard , Vlasselaer Maarten , Simokaitiene Jurate , De Feyter Steven , Hens Zeger , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Dehaen Wim , Van der Auweraer Mark 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be used as alternative for transition metal complexes to harvest the nonemissive triplet excitons in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In search for a QD‐based OLED material generating blue emission, poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(9‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl) carbazole) (PEPK) are chosen as host for blue‐emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs. The QDs are encapsulated with 16‐(N‐carbazolyl) hexadecanoic acid (C16), a ligand terminated by a carbazole moiety. As alternative for PVK, PEPK, where the lower molecular weight and less extensive excimer formation could promise a better film formation and more extensive exciton hopping, is explored. The efficiencies of singlet (
) and triplet (
) energy transfer to the C16 capped QDs are estimated by combining stationary photoluminescence spectra and fluorescence decays of pristine polymer films with those of polymer films doped with the QDs. At a loading of 30 wt % of the QDs,
increases from 12 ± 1% in PVK to 41 ± 2% in PEPK while
increases from 37 ± 22% in PVK to 72 ± 48% in PEPK. The investigation of the film morphology by atomic force microscopy confirms that the main factor limiting the triplet transfer efficiency in the PVK matrix is the clustering of the C16 capped QDs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 539–551
M‐strings, elliptic genera and N = 4 string amplitudes
Authors: Hohenegger S. , Iqbal A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study mass‐deformed N = 2 gauge theories from various points of view. Their partition functions can be computed via three dual approaches: firstly, (p,q)‐brane webs in type II string theory using Nekrasov's instanton calculus, secondly, the (refined) topological string using the topological vertex formalism and thirdly, M theory via the elliptic genus of certain M‐strings configurations. We argue for a large class of theories that these approaches yield the same gauge theory partition function which we study in detail. To make their modular properties more tangible, we consider a fourth approach by connecting the partition function to the equivariant elliptic genus of ℂ2 through a (singular) theta‐transform. This form appears naturally as a specific class of one‐loop scattering amplitudes in type II string theory on T2, which we calculate explicitly.
Evaluating immediate and long‐term impacts of qualitative group model building workshops on participants' mental models
Authors: Scott Rodney J. , Cavana Robert Y. , Cameron Donald 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGroup model building literature reports that participation causes mental model refinement and alignment, but no previous study appears to have examined whether these changes are enduring. This paper reports on a case study involving four groups using group model building tools that were evaluated immediately before, immediately after, and 12 months following a 3‐hour workshop. Each workshop used qualitative group model building to plan strategy implementation initiatives in a government department. A change of circumstances (merger and restructure) meant that the workshop conclusions were not implemented, providing a research opportunity to measure the enduring effects of group model building workshops. Statistical comparison of written responses suggests that participants' views on the workshop topic changed and became more alike through the workshop process, and that these changes were enduring even in the relative absence of reinforcing activities. Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells Protect Against STZ-Induced Hyperglycemia: Analysis of hASC-Derived Paracrine Effectors
Authors: Kono Tatsuyoshi M. , Sims Emily K. , Moss Dan R. , Yamamoto Wataru , Ahn Geonyoung , Diamond Julie , Tong Xin , Day Kathleen H. , Territo Paul R. , Hanenberg Helmut , Traktuev Dmitry O. , March Keith L. , Evans-Molina Carmella 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) ameliorate hyperglycemia in rodent models of islet transplantation and autoimmune diabetes, yet the precise human ASC (hASC)-derived factors responsible for these effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that systemic administration of hASCs improved glucose tolerance, preserved β cell mass, and increased β cell proliferation in streptozotocin-treated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Coculture experiments combining mouse or human islets with hASCs demonstrated that islet viability and function were improved by hASCs following prolonged culture or treatment with proinflammatory cytokines. Analysis of hASC-derived factors revealed vascular endothelial growth factor and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) to be highly abundant factors secreted by hASCs. Notably, TIMP-1 secretion increased in the presence of islet stress from cytokine treatment, while TIMP-1 blockade was able to abrogate in vitro prosurvival effects of hASCs. Following systemic administration by tail vein injection, hASCs were detected in the pancreas and human TIMP-1 was increased in the serum of injected mice, while recombinant TIMP-1 increased viability in INS-1 cells treated with interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In aggregate, our data support a model whereby factors secreted by hASCs, such as TIMP-1, are able to mitigate against β cell death in rodent and in vitro models of type 1 diabetes through a combination of local paracrine as well as systemic effects. Stem Cells 2014;32:1831–1842
Dirac‐exact relativistic methods: the normalized elimination of the small component method
Authors: Cremer Dieter , Zou Wenli , Filatov Michael 
Published: February 2014

Dirac‐exact relativistic methods, i.e., 2‐ or 1‐component methods which exactly reproduce the one‐electron energies of the original 4‐component Dirac method, have established a standard for reliable relativistic quantum chemical calculations targeting medium‐ and large‐sized molecules. Their development was initiated and facilitated in the late 1990s by Dyall's development of the normalized elimination of the small component (NESC). Dyall's work has fostered the conversion ofNESCand related (later developed) methods into routinely used, multipurpose Dirac‐exact methods by which energies, first‐order, and second‐order properties can be calculated at computational costs, which are only slightly higher than those of nonrelativistic methods. This review summarizes the development of a generally applicable 1‐componentNESCalgorithm leading to the calculation of reliable energies, geometries, electron density distributions, electric moments, electric field gradients, hyperfine structure constants, contact densities and Mössbauer isomer shifts, nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and static electric dipole polarizabilities. In addition, the derivation and computational possibilities of 2‐componentNESCmethods are discussed and their use for the calculation of spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) effects in connection with spin‐orbit splittings andSOC‐corrected energies are demonstrated. The impact of scalar relativistic and spin‐orbit effects on molecular properties is presented.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2014, 4:436–467.This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Mesoscale modeling of offshore wind turbine wakes at the wind farm resolving scale: a composite‐based analysis with the Weather Research and Forecasting model over Horns Rev
Authors: Jiménez Pedro A. , Navarro Jorge , Palomares Ana M. , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe use of mesoscale modeling to reproduce the power deficits associated with wind turbine wakes in an offshore environment is analyzed. The study is based on multiyear (3 years) observational and modeling results at the Horns Rev wind farm. The simulations are performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model configured at a high horizontal resolution of 333 m over Horns Rev. The wind turbines are represented as an elevated momentum sink and a source of turbulent kinetic energy. Composites with different atmospheric conditions are extracted from both the observed and simulated datasets in order to inspect the ability of the model to reproduce the power deficit in a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Results indicate that mesoscale models such as Weather Research and Forecasting are able to qualitatively reproduce the power deficit at the wind farm scale. Some specific differences are identified. Mesoscale modeling is therefore a suitable framework to analyze potential downstream effects associated with offshore wind farms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of margins in boosting and ensemble performance
Authors: Martinez Waldyn , Gray J. Brian 
Published: February 2014

Boosting refers to methods that create a sequence of classifiers that perform at least slightly better than random (weak learners) and combine them into a highly accurate ensemble model (strong learners) through weighted voting. There is sufficient empirical evidence to suggest that the performance of boosting methods is superior to that of individual classifiers. In the bias–variance decomposition framework, it has been demonstrated that boosting algorithms typically reduce bias for learning problems, and in some instances reduce the variance. In addition, even when combining a large number of weak learners, boosting algorithms can be very robust to overfitting, in most instances having lower generalization error than other competing ensemble methodologies, such as bagging and random forests. To explain the successful performance of boosting methods, Schapire et al. (Boosting the margin: a new explanation for the effectiveness of voting methods. Ann Stat 1998, 26:1651–1686) developed a bound based on the margins of the training data, from which they concluded that larger margins should lead to lower generalization error. In this article, we examine the role of margins in boosting and ensemble method performance. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:124–131. doi: 10.1002/wics.1292This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bootstrap and Resampling
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Classification and Regression Trees (CART)
Telomeric noncoding RNA: telomeric repeat‐containing RNA in telomere biology
Authors: Cusanelli Emilio , Chartrand Pascal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTelomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, protecting them from degradation and activation of DNA damage response. For this reason, functional telomeres are vital to genome stability. For years, telomeres were assumed to be transcriptionally silent, because of their heterochromatic state. It was only recently shown that, in several organisms, telomeres are transcribed, giving rise to a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called telomeric repeat‐containing RNA (TERRA). Several lines of evidence now indicate that TERRA molecules play crucial roles in telomere homeostasis and telomere functions. Recent studies have shown that the expression and regulation of TERRA are dynamically controlled by each chromosome end. TERRA has been involved in the regulation of telomere length, telomerase activity, and heterochromatin formation at telomeres. The correct regulation of the telomeric transcripts may be essential to genome stability, and altered TERRA levels associate with tumorigenesis and cellular senescence. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms of TERRA biogenesis and function may advance the understanding of telomere‐related diseases, including cancer and aging.This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Prevalence of human‐caused mortality in an unhunted cougar population and potential impacts to management
Authors: Thompson Daniel J. , Jenks Jonathan A. , Fecske Dorothy M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCougar (Puma concolor) populations have expanded in many western areas of the United States. The Black Hills cougar population naturally recolonized the area and cohabitates within an ecosystem heavily dissected by roads and human activity. Assessing mortality characteristics and determining survival of cougar populations is critical for managing and conserving this species. Our objectives were to assess cause‐specific mortality and estimate survival of the Black Hills cougar population, in addition to assessing annual mortality through ancillary opportunistic methods. We captured and radiocollared cougars during 1999–2005 to assess survival and cause‐specific mortality. In addition to cause‐specific mortality, we also documented all known cougar mortality opportunistically throughout the study area in conjunction with the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. We captured 31 independent‐aged cougars (n = 12 M, 19 F) for analyses. We opportunistically documented 85 mortality events of cougars in South Dakota during 1998–2005. Despite protection from hunting during our study, 61.5% of mortality was human‐induced, in contrast to other studies of unhunted cougar populations that generally attribute natural mortality as the primary mortality source. Male and female cougars exhibited relatively high survival through the course of the study; however, low sample sizes precluded rigorous comparisons of annual survival rates between sex and age cohorts. Proportionally, the largest contributors to cougar mortality were lethal removal by the state agency (e.g., depredation, human‐safety concerns) and vehicular trauma. Continued assessment of cause‐specific mortality and survival will be useful for evaluating effects of future manipulations of this population. The potential effects of human‐caused cougar mortalities should be considered when evaluating management strategies for cougars in landscapes with high propensity for human–cougar interactions. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
In‐situ Stabilization of Tin Nanoparticles in Porous Carbon Matrix derived from Metal Organic Framework: High Capacity and High Rate Capability Anodes for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Shiva Konda , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Rajendra H. B. , Kumar Maji Tapas , Bhattacharyya Aninda J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIt is a formidable challenge to arrange tin nanoparticles in a porous matrix for the achievement of high specific capacity and current rate capability anode for lithium‐ion batteries. This article discusses a simple and novel synthesis of arranging tin nanoparticles with carbon in a porous configuration for application as anode in lithium‐ion batteries. Direct carbonization of synthesized three‐dimensional Sn‐based MOF: [K2Sn2(1,4‐bdc)3](H2O) (1) (bdc = benzenedicarboxylate) resulted in stabilization of tin nanoparticles in a porous carbon matrix (abbreviated as Sn@C). Sn@C exhibited remarkably high electrochemical lithium stability (tested over 100 charge and discharge cycles) and high specific capacities over a wide range of operating currents (0.2–5 Ag–1). The novel synthesis strategy to obtain Sn@C from a single precursor as discussed herein provides an optimal combination of particle size and dispersion for buffering severe volume changes due to Li‐Sn alloying reaction and provides fast pathways for lithium and electron transport.
Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties of Three Coordination Compounds Based on in situ Generated Tetrazolate and Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Ma Huiqing , Xu Yuwen , Meng Qingguo , Zhang Liangliang , Wang Rongming , Sun Daofeng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThree metal organic coordination compounds, namely, {[Cd2(L1)4]2·9H2O}n (1), {[Zn(L1)2·2H2O]2·H2O}n (2), and [Cu(L2)2]n (3), [L1 = 3‐chloro‐2‐(5H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyridine; L2 = 3‐chloropicolinic acid], were hydrothermally synthesized, in which L1 and L2 were synthesized by in situ reactions. X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the 2D layer of complex 1 is built from a dinuclear CdII second building blocks, whereas complex 2 shows 0D structure, which is built based on two L1 ligands, one zinc ion, and two water molecules. 3 shows a 1D infinite rod‐shaped chain. Additionally, the solid‐state fluorescence properties for compound 1 and 2 are also presented.
Derivation and analysis of new stand‐level mortality models based on existing growth equations
Authors: Vassileva Stankova Tatiana , Diéguez‐Aranda Ulises 
Published: February 2014

AbstractConsidering that, the temporal trend in stocking, expressed as number of trees per unit area, is the opposite of that of growth, and that both trajectories are sigmoidal, we derived a temporal trajectory of density decrease by reversing the temporal trend of a generalized growth function. We derived and analysed twelve stand‐level mortality models by using four data sets from monospecific even‐aged stands. Stand dominant height rather than stand age was incorporated as an indicator of the growth stage and a careful examination of the models conformity with the essential logical properties of the stand‐level survival models was conducted. We first tested the models adequacy and general predictive performance by fitting them to parameterization data sets and subsequently assessing them with validation data. The regression equations were re‐fitted afterwards over the total data sets to make use of all available information in the final parameter estimates. Nine model formulations were successfully fitted and four of them were the most adequate in describing stand density decrease with dominant height growth. The site‐specific effect was incorporated in the newly derived models through the predictor variable and the stand‐specific starting density was accounted for through a specific model parameter. These new dominant height‐dependent mortality equations can be considered for inclusion in the framework of stand‐level growth models as transition functions.
The Lognormal Race: A Cognitive-Process Model of Choice and Latency with Desirable Psychometric Properties
Authors: Rouder Jeffrey N. , Province Jordan M. , Morey Richard D. , Gomez Pablo , Heathcote Andrew 
Published: February 2014

We present a cognitive process model of response choice and response time performance data that has excellent psychometric properties and may be used in a wide variety of contexts. In the model there is an accumulator associated with each response option. These accumulators have bounds, and the first accumulator to reach its bound determines the response time and response choice. The times at which accumulator reaches its bound is assumed to be lognormally distributed, hence the model is race or minima process among lognormal variables. A key property of the model is that it is relatively straightforward to place a wide variety of models on the logarithm of these finishing times including linear models, structural equation models, autoregressive models, growth-curve models, etc. Consequently, the model has excellent statistical and psychometric properties and can be used in a wide range of contexts, from laboratory experiments to high-stakes testing, to assess performance. We provide a Bayesian hierarchical analysis of the model, and illustrate its flexibility with an application in testing and one in lexical decision making, a reading skill.
Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Air Plasma Polymerized Soybean Oil with N‐Containing Structures
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Yang Jingyi , Tao Dehua , Xu Xinru 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, polymerized oils with different viscosity grades were synthesized by the polymerization of soybean oil (SO) in an air plasma environment. The results of the elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography revealed that the carbonyl, organic amine, and nitrogen heterocyclic groups were incorporated into the molecule of the polymerized oil (PAIR9); the GPC chromatogram of this oil revealed that the product consisted of dimers and oligomers with higher molecular weights. The tribological behaviors of the polymerized oils were evaluated using a four‐ball friction and wear tester. The maximum non‐seizure loads of all the polymerized oils surpassed that of SO, and the PB value of PAIR9 reached 1,186 N. Meanwhile, PAIR9 exhibited much better anti‐wear performance when the tested loads were lower than 350 N. The worn surfaces lubricated by SO and PAIR9 were analyzed using the X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The results of the XPS analysis proved that during the frictional process, the polymerized oil could not only promote the adsorption of the oil on the metal surface because of the oxygen‐containing species (such as esters and carbonyl groups) with higher polarities but also promote the interactions with the metallic iron to form compact and stable tribochemical films containing organic nitrogen complexes.
Personality types during transition to young adulthood: How are they related to life situation and well‐being?
Authors: Leikas S. , Salmela‐Aro K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe present longitudinal study examined personality types, their change, and their relations with life outcomes and well‐being in a sample of young Finns (N = 493) that was followed from age 15 to 23. The Big Five traits were measured at ages 20 and 23, and four personality types – Resilients, Overcontrollers, Anti‐Resilients, and “Averages” – emerged at both time points. Those with higher initial well‐being were more likely to be later classified as Resilients, whereas those with low and decreasing well‐being were more likely to be classified as Anti‐Resilients. At age 23, Anti‐Resilients were less likely to have reached normative educational goals than others, and more likely to be unemployed than others, but Overcontrollers were less likely to be in a romantic relationship than others. The results question the universality of the three‐type structure, but support the predictive validity of personality types.
Assessing Regeneration of Mechanoreceptors in Human Hip Pseudocapsule after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Soulat Naim Syed , Alistair Phillips , Gey VanPittius Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Introduction The aim of our study was to determine whether specific mechanoreceptors would regenerate in the pseudocapsule that had formed in place of the native capsule after primary total hip replacement (THR). Methods We studied 20 full-thickness samples of pseudocapsule tissue from patients undergoing revision THR surgery. All patients had had a partial capsulectomy during primary THR. The specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical dyes using a monoclonal antibody against S-100 protein. Results No mechanoreceptors were detected in the pseudocapsule of any of the specimens. Conclusion Our study concludes that if a partial capsulectomy is performed during primary THR, the replaced pseudocapsule will not have any active neurophysiological role in the hip. In this context, we recommend the preservation of hip joint capsule and an anatomical repair at the time of primary THR. Preservation of neurophysiologically viable tissue has been shown to reduce dislocation and may lead to better functional recovery.