bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the analysis of phylogenetically paired designs
Authors: Funk Jennifer L. , Rakovski Cyril S. , Macpherson J. Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs phylogenetically controlled experimental designs become increasingly common in ecology, the need arises for a standardized statistical treatment of these datasets. Phylogenetically paired designs circumvent the need for resolved phylogenies and have been used to compare species groups, particularly in the areas of invasion biology and adaptation. Despite the widespread use of this approach, the statistical analysis of paired designs has not been critically evaluated. We propose a mixed model approach that includes random effects for pair and species. These random effects introduce a “two‐layer” compound symmetry variance structure that captures both the correlations between observations on related species within a pair as well as the correlations between the repeated measurements within species. We conducted a simulation study to assess the effect of model misspecification on Type I and II error rates. We also provide an illustrative example with data containing taxonomically similar species and several outcome variables of interest. We found that a mixed model with species and pair as random effects performed better in these phylogenetically explicit simulations than two commonly used reference models (no or single random effect) by optimizing Type I error rates and power. The proposed mixed model produces acceptable Type I and II error rates despite the absence of a phylogenetic tree. This design can be generalized to a variety of datasets to analyze repeated measurements in clusters of related subjects/species.
Interactions with successional stage and nutrient status determines the life‐form‐specific effects of increased soil temperature on boreal forest floor vegetation
Authors: Hedwall Per‐Ola , Skoglund Jerry , Linder Sune 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe boreal forest is one of the largest terrestrial biomes and plays a key role for the global carbon balance and climate. The forest floor vegetation has a strong influence on the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the forests and is sensitive to changes in temperature conditions and nutrient availability. Additionally, the effects of climate warming on forest floor vegetation have been suggested to be moderated by the tree layer. Data on the effects of soil warming on forest floor vegetation from the boreal forest are, however, very scarce. We studied the effects on the forest floor vegetation in a long‐term (18 years) soil warming and fertilization experiment in a Norway spruce stand in northern Sweden. During the first 9 years, warming favored early successional species such as grasses and forbs at the expense of dwarf shrubs and bryophytes in unfertilized stands, while the effects were smaller after fertilization. Hence, warming led to significant changes in species composition and an increase in species richness in the open canopy nutrient limited forest. After another 9 years of warming and increasing tree canopy closure, most of the initial effects had ceased, indicating an interaction between forest succession and warming. The only remaining effect of warming was on the abundance of bryophytes, which contrary to the initial phase was strongly favored by warming. We propose that the suggested moderating effects of the tree layer are specific to plant life‐form and conclude that the successional phase of the forest may have a considerable impact on the effects of climate change on forest floor vegetation and its feedback effects on the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and thus on the climate.
Enantiopure Conducting Salts of Dimethylbis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (DM‐BEDT‐TTF) with the Hexachlororhenate(IV) Anion
Authors: Pop Flavia , Allain Magali , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Martínez‐Lillo José , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel , Canadell Enric , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Narcis Avarvari (CIMI team) at the Laboratory MOLTECH‐Anjou, UMR 6200 CNRS – Université d'Angers, France. The cover image shows the enantiopure tetrathiafulvalene precursors used for the preparation of chiral radical cation conducting salts, together with an artwork of their packing diagrams and the suggested mirror image relationship between them.
Synthesis and Redox Properties of PNP Pincer Complexes Based on N‐Methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Nakajima Kazunari , Higuchi Yu , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yoshiaki Nishibayashi at The University of Tokyo, Japan. The cover image shows the synthesis of novel “metalloviologens” bearing PNP pincer ligands based on N‐methyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium. These complexes are stable toward two steps of single electron transfer, where p‐quinoid‐type complexes play a key role.
Synthesis of RhIII Anilido, Hydroxide, and Methoxide Complexes
Authors: Burgess Samantha A. , Bolaño Tamara , Gunnoe T. Brent , Sabat Michal , Myers William H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe octahedral RhIII complexes [(tbpy)2Rh(XH)2][OTf]3 (tbpy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl; X = NHPh or OH; OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate), [(tbpy)2Rh(X)2][OTf] (X = NHPh or OH), [(tbpy)2Rh(NHPh)(NH2Ph)][OTf]2, [(tbpy)2Rh(Me)(NH2Ph)][OTf][BAr′4] (BAr′4 = tetrakis[(3,5‐bis‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), [(tbpy)2Rh(Me)(NHPh)][BAr′4], [(tbpy)2Rh(OMe)(Cl)]Cl, and [(bpy)Rh(X)2][PF6] (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl; X = OH, OMe) have been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, or high‐resolution mass spectrometry as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction for some complexes. A comparison of the solid‐state structural data for [(tbpy)2Rh(Me)(NH2Ph)]2+, [(tbpy)2Rh(NH2Ph)2]3+, [(tbpy)2Rh(NHPh)2]+, and [(tbpy)2Rh(NHPh)(NH2Ph)]2+ is included.
A Ruthenium‐Based Catalytic System for a Mild Borrowing‐Hydrogen Process
Authors: Jumde Varsha R. , Gonsalvi Luca , Guerriero Antonella , Peruzzini Maurizio , Taddei Maurizio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe alkylation of arylamines using stoichiometric amounts of aliphatic and benzylic alcohols in the presence of tBuOK was carried out at 55 °C using a low catalyst loading of [Ru(cod)Cl2]n/PTA (1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane). The overall borrowing‐hydrogen process does not require a controlled nitrogen atmosphere, and it could also be carried out at room temperature using higher loading of base. A wide range of substrates can be used in this transformation, and it has a good tolerance of different substituents. This catalytic system proved also to be efficient for other hydrogen‐transfer reactions such as a tandem oxidation/C–C coupling between 1‐phenylethanol and primary alcohols.
Authors' reply to the discussion by Brendon A. Bradley of ‘A framework for the evaluation of ground motion selection and modification procedures’
Authors: Kwong N. Simon , Chopra Anil K. , McGuire Robin K. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this short communication, we respond to the comments made by Dr Brendon A. Bradley and provide additional context to our paper under discussion.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basal ganglia‐cortical structural connectivity in Huntington's disease
Authors: Novak Marianne J.U. , Seunarine Kiran K. , Gibbard Clare R. , McColgan Peter , Draganski Bogdan , Friston Karl , Clark Chris A. , Tabrizi Sarah J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHuntington's disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by inheritance of an expanded cytosine‐adenine‐guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat within the Huntingtin gene. Extensive volume loss and altered diffusion metrics in the basal ganglia, cortex and white matter are seen when patients with Huntington's disease (HD) undergo structural imaging, suggesting that changes in basal ganglia‐cortical structural connectivity occur. The aims of this study were to characterise altered patterns of basal ganglia‐cortical structural connectivity with high anatomical precision in premanifest and early manifest HD, and to identify associations between structural connectivity and genetic or clinical markers of HD. 3‐Tesla diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images were acquired from 14 early manifest HD subjects, 17 premanifest HD subjects and 18 controls. Voxel‐based analyses of probabilistic tractography were used to quantify basal ganglia‐cortical structural connections. Canonical variate analysis was used to demonstrate disease‐associated patterns of altered connectivity and to test for associations between connectivity and genetic and clinical markers of HD; this is the first study in which such analyses have been used. Widespread changes were seen in basal ganglia‐cortical structural connectivity in early manifest HD subjects; this has relevance for development of therapies targeting the striatum. Premanifest HD subjects had a pattern of connectivity more similar to that of controls, suggesting progressive change in connections over time. Associations between structural connectivity patterns and motor and cognitive markers of disease severity were present in early manifest subjects. Our data suggest the clinical phenotype in manifest HD may be at least partly a result of altered connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1728–1740, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disrupted resting‐state functional connectivity and its changing trend in migraine suffers
Authors: Liu Jixin , Zhao Ling , Lei Fangfei , Zhang Yi , Yuan Kai , Gong Qiyong , Liang Fanrong , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChronic pain has been linked with learning and memory processes and functional changes in brain plasticity in its development and maintenance via neuroimaging studies. However, the principle of reorganization of the migraine brain network as the brain progresses into chronic pain remain poorly understood. Here, using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and graph theory approaches, we aimed to investigate the dynamic dysfunctional connectivity in 108 patients with migraine without aura (MWoA) and 30 gender‐matched healthy controls (HC). All patients were divided into 40 groups using a sliding boxcar grouping of subjects in disease duration order. As compared with HC, nonparametric permutation tests were applied for between‐group comparisons of functional connectivity strength in each patient group. We focused only on the between‐group differences of functional connections in MWoA, and the situation how these different connections were organized along with the changing trend. As the disease duration increased, the presence of chronic headache altered the functional connectivity from the local central nervous system (CNS) to a disruption in the whole‐brain networks. These dysfunctional connections integrated into a connected component in relatively longer migraine duration groups, suggesting an abnormal integrated network configuration with ongoing central changes for long‐term migraine. Within these between‐group differences of the connected component, there were contained a small number of brain regions that had disproportionately numerous connections. Moreover, these brain regions exhibited a tendency to link to each other were organized into a strongly interconnected community. These interconnected brain regions were mainly located in the sensory‐discriminative brain areas. Our results exhibited a working model of the central mechanisms of migraine where the brain functional connectivity was altered from the local central nervous system to a densely interconnected center, which may extend our understanding of the role of learning mechanisms which are likely involved in maintenance of chronic pain. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1892–1907, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socioemotional processing of morally‐laden behavior and their consequences on others in forensic psychopaths
Authors: Decety Jean , Chen Chenyi , Harenski Carla L. , Kiehl Kent A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA large body of evidence supports the view that psychopathy is associated with anomalous emotional processing, reduced guilt and empathy, which are important risk factors for criminal behaviors. However, the precise nature and specificity of this atypical emotional processing is not well understood, including its relation to moral judgment. To further our understanding of the pattern of neural response to perceiving and evaluating morally‐laden behavior, this study included 155 criminal male offenders with various level of psychopathy, as assessed with the Psychopathy Check List‐Revised. Participants were scanned while viewing short clips depicting interactions between two individuals resulting in either interpersonal harm or interpersonal assistance. After viewing each clip, they were asked to identify the emotions of the protagonists. Inmates with high levels of psychopathy were more accurate than controls in successfully identifying the emotion of the recipient of both helpful and harmful actions. Significant hemodynamic differences were detected in the posterior superior temporal sulcus, amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex when individuals with high psychopathy viewed negative versus positive scenarios moral scenarios and when they evaluated the emotional responses of the protagonists. These findings suggest that socioemotional processing abnormalities in psychopathy may be somewhat more complicated than merely a general or specific emotional deficit. Rather, situation‐specific evaluations of the mental states of others, in conjunction with sensitivity to the nature of the other (victim vs. perpetrator), modulate attention to emotion‐related cues. Such atypical processing likely impacts moral decision‐making and behavior in psychopaths. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2015–2026, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Novel Phosphorus‐Containing calix[4]resorcinols Based on Polyphenols with Phosphonium Fragment
Authors: Knyazeva Irina R. , Sokolova Victoria I. , Sharafutdinova Dilyara R. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michael A. , Gazizov Mukattis B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe reactions of linear polyphenols containing phosphonium fragment with formaldehyde and morpholine (Mannich reaction), as well as with propionic aldehyde, have been studied. As a result, calix[4]resorcinols of novel type have been synthesized, which contain alternating methylphosphonium and ethyl substituents. The structure and composition of the products obtained were confirmed according to 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis data.
Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium(II) with 8‐Hydroxyquinoline and Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Jia Shaohui , Gong Shixing , Cheng Yong , Wang Huiyuhn , Liu Hejian , Zhang Bo , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon paste electrode was fabricated and used for the sensitive determination of cadmium(II) with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The modified electrode was prepared by the addition of HQ and IL 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliam ethylsulphate as the modifiers into the traditional carbon paste mixture. Cd(II) was preconcentrated and reduced on the surface of the modified electrode at the potential of ‐1.0 V (vs. SCE) by the co‐contributions from the formation of HQ‐Cd(II) complex and the accumulation effect of IL. Then the reduced Cd on the electrode surface was reoxidized by DPASV with a sensitive oxidation peak appeared at ‐0.79 V (vs. SCE). Under the optimal conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to the Cd(II) concentration in the range from 0.03 to 2.0 mol/L with the detection limit as 5.0 nmol/L (3σ). The proposed method was successfully applied to the water samples detection with the recovery in the range from 95.6% to 96.6%.
A complex sensory organ in the nose skin of the prosimian primate Lemur catta
Authors: Elofsson Rolf , Tuminaite Inga , Kröger Ronald H. H. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMost mammals have nose tips covered by glabrous skin, a labronasal area, or rhinarium. The surface of the rhinarium of Lemur catta has a dermatoglyphic pattern consisting of epidermal domes. Below the domes, epidermal pegs dip down into the dermis. In and below the tip of the epidermal peg, a complex sensory organ is found. It consists of an association of innervated Merkel cells, lamellate (Pacini‐like) bodies with a central nerve, and a ring of unmyelinated nerve endings in the epidermis. The Merkel cells are situated basally in the epidermis and the lamellated bodies just below the epidermis. The unmyelinated nerve endings related to the organ ascend in a circle straight through the epidermis ending below the corneal layer. From these nerve terminals, horizontal spikes enter the keratinocytes. The three components occur together forming an organ and are innervated from a common nerve plexus. The morphology of the complex sensory organ of the lemur shares most crucial components with Eimer's organs in moles, echidna, and platypus, while some structures are lacking, for example, the specific central pillar of keratinocytes, the cuticular cap, and a central unmyelinated fiber. The presence of the essentials of an Eimer's organ in many mammals suggests that a wider definition is motivated. J. Morphol. 276:649–656, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unilateral heat accelerates bone elongation and lengthens extremities of growing mice
Authors: Serrat Maria A. , Schlierf Thomas J. , Efaw Morgan L. , Shuler Franklin D. , Godby Justin , Stanko Laura M. , Tamski Holly L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTLinear growth failure results from a broad spectrum of systemic and local disorders that can generate chronic musculoskeletal disability. Current bone lengthening protocols involve invasive surgeries or drug regimens, which are only partially effective. Exposure to warm ambient temperature during growth increases limb length, suggesting that targeted heat could noninvasively enhance bone elongation. We tested the hypothesis that daily heat exposure on one side of the body unilaterally increases femoral and tibial lengths. Mice (N = 20) were treated with 40 °C unilateral heat for 40 min/day for 14 days post‐weaning. Non‐treated mice (N = 6) served as controls. Unilateral increases in ear (8.8%), hindfoot (3.5%), femoral (1.3%), and tibial (1.5%) lengths were obtained. Tibial elongation rate was > 12% greater (15 μm/day) on the heat‐treated side. Extremity lengthening correlated with temperature during treatment. Body mass and humeral length were unaffected. To test whether differences persisted in adults, mice were examined 7‐weeks post‐treatment. Ear area, hindfoot, femoral, and tibial lengths were still significantly increased ∼6%, 3.5%, 1%, and 1%, respectively, on the heat‐treated side. Left‐right differences were absent in non‐treated controls, ruling out inherent side asymmetry. This model is important for designing noninvasive heat‐based therapies to potentially combat a range of debilitating growth impediments in children. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:692–698, 2015.
Examination of survivin expression in 50 chordoma specimens—A histological and in vitro study
Authors: Froehlich Elke V. , Rinner Beate , Deutsch Alexander J. A. , Meditz Katharina , Knausz Heike , Troppan Katharina , Scheipl Susanne , Wibmer Christine , Leithner Andreas , Liegl Bernadette , Lohberger Birgit 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTChordomas mainly arise along the axial skeleton and are characterized by their slow but destructive growth. Prognosis and quality of life are poor because treatment options are mainly limited to surgery and radiotherapy. Survivin, a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family, functions as a key regulator of mitosis and programmed cell death, and is overexpressed in many tumor types. The aim of this study was to determine the role of survivin in chordomas. Survivin expression was investigated in 50 chordoma samples and three chordoma cell lines using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of immunostaining was evaluated in regard to the development of recurrences. The immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinical parameters like gender, age, tumor size, and location and were performed in primary chordomas as well as in recurrent lesions. Furthermore, survivin knockdown experiments on chordoma cell lines were performed. YM155 decreased the growth behavior of chordoma cells dose‐ and time dependently. Transient knockdown of survivin led to a G2/M arrest, decreased proliferation, consistently induced an increase of polyploidy and morphological changes, and induced apoptosis. The resultant data from this study suggest that survivin plays a cell cycle‐progressive role in chordomas. Hence, regulation of survivin by YM155 is a promising new target for the development of new therapeutic drugs. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:771–778, 2015.
Treatment of horizontal canal BPPV: Pathophysiology, available maneuvers, and recommended treatment
Authors: Oron Yahav , Cohen‐Atsmoni Smadar , Len Assaf , Roth Yehudah 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the pathophysiology of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the available maneuvers for its management, and the recommended treatment.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane library.Review MethodsReview of the available literature.ResultsTwo theories of pathophysiology underlying the disease are described, along with available maneuvers reflecting those theories; and videos of the maneuvers are provided. A comparison of available treatments is made.ConclusionA variety of maneuvers is available related to the pathophysiology underlying the disease. The treatment chosen should be appropriate to the patients' ages, general conditions, and other diseases they may have. No treatment was found to be superior over the others regarding the success rate. In the case of geotropic nystagmus, the Gufoni maneuver is superior in its ease of performance. When it comes to apogeotropic nystagmus, the Barbecue and Gufoni maneuvers have comparable success rates. Laryngoscope, 125:1959–1964, 2015
Feasibility of septal body volume reduction for patients with nasal obstruction
Authors: Yu Myeong Sang , Kim Jong‐Yeup , Kim Bo‐Hyung , Kang Sung‐Ho , Lim Dae Jun 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveSeptal body hypertrophy, like inferior turbinate hypertrophy, can result in changes to the nasal cross‐sectional area and resistance to airflow. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of septal body volume reduction (SBVR) for the treatment of septal body hypertrophy in patients with nasal obstruction.Study DesignProspective randomized study.MethodsThe study was conducted on two groups (51 patients) with symptoms and signs of nasal obstruction associated with septal body and inferior turbinate hypertrophy that were refractory to medical therapy. In the turbinoplasty only (ITR) group (n = 25), conventional turbinoplasty was only performed on the inferior turbinate. In the septal body reduction (SBR) group (n = 26), concurrent bilateral microdebrider‐assisted SBVR was performed during the turbinate surgery.ResultsThe nasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, itching, and sneezing, had significantly improved at 3 months after treatment in both groups (P < 0.001). Improvement of nasal obstruction in the SBR group was greater than that in the ITR group at 3 months (P < 0.05). Acoustic rhinometry demonstrated a significant increase in the cross‐sectional area and nasal volume in both groups 3 months after surgery. The postoperative change in nasal volume was higher in the SBR group (P < 0.05). No adverse reactions such as bleeding, infection, adhesions, or olfactory changes were encountered in the SBR group.ConclusionsCombined SBVR and turbinoplasty appears to be more effective than turbinoplasty alone for the treatment of nasal obstruction in patients with inferior turbinate and septal body hypertrophy.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:1523–1528, 2015