bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bending the Rules: Widefield Microscopy and the Abbe Limit of Resolution
Authors: Verdaasdonk Jolien S. , Stephens Andrew D. , Haase Julian , Bloom Kerry 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOne of the most fundamental concepts of microscopy is that of resolution–the ability to clearly distinguish two objects as separate. Recent advances such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and point localization techniques including photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) strive to overcome the inherent limits of resolution of the modern light microscope. These techniques, however, are not always feasible or optimal for live cell imaging. Thus, in this review, we explore three techniques for extracting high resolution data from images acquired on a widefield microscope–deconvolution, model convolution, and Gaussian fitting. Deconvolution is a powerful tool for restoring a blurred image using knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) describing the blurring of light by the microscope, although care must be taken to ensure accuracy of subsequent quantitative analysis. The process of model convolution also requires knowledge of the PSF to blur a simulated image which can then be compared to the experimentally acquired data to reach conclusions regarding its geometry and fluorophore distribution. Gaussian fitting is the basis for point localization microscopy, and can also be applied to tracking spot motion over time or measuring spot shape and size. All together, these three methods serve as powerful tools for high‐resolution imaging using widefield microscopy. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 132–138, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous, common‐volume lidar observations and theoretical studies of correlations among Fe/Na layers and temperatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at Boulder Table Mountain (40°N, 105°W), Colorado
Authors: Huang Wentao , Chu Xinzhao , Gardner Chester S. , Wang Zhangjun , Fong Weichun , Smith John A. , Roberts Brendan R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSimultaneous and common‐volume observations of Fe density, Na density, and temperatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere were made for 12 nights with an Fe Boltzmann lidar and a Na Doppler lidar at the Table Mountain Lidar Facility (40.13°N, 105.24°W) near Boulder, Colorado, in August and September 2010. We derive the correlations among temporal variations of Fe/Na densities and temperatures, eliminating the covariance bias via computing the cross correlations between Fe (Na) density and Na (Fe) temperature perturbations. The Fe‐Na density correlation is positive below the Fe layer peak and above the Na peak where the Fe/Na density gradients have the same signs but becomes negative in between the Fe and Na peaks where the gradients are opposite. The large correlation between temperature and density fluctuations is positive on the layer bottomside but negative on the topside with the transitions occurring near the layer peaks. The relative Fe/Na variances reach minimum near the layer peaks but rapidly increase and exceed the relative temperature variance significantly toward edges. These observations can be largely reproduced by theoretically modeling the metal layer responses to the wave‐induced perturbations only through dynamic processes with a Gaussian stationary density distribution. These results suggest that the dynamic effects (mainly the vertical displacement) induced by gravity waves or tides dominate the observed short‐term density and temperature variations over a night. We explain the Fe/Na gradient difference observed at the bottomside via the chemical “shelf” around 80 km for reactive chemicals and the Fe/Na layer height difference.
Fracturing, block faulting, and moulin development associated with progressive collapse and retreat of a maritime glacier: Falljökull, SE Iceland
Authors: Phillips Emrys , Finlayson Andrew , Jones Lee 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSince 2007, Falljökull in southeast Iceland has been undergoing passive downwasting, providing an ideal opportunity to study a range deformation structures developed in response to ice‐marginal collapse and retreat. An integrated terrestrial lidar, Ground Penetrating Radar, and glaciological structural study of the clean, debris‐free ice at the margin of Falljökull has allowed a detailed model of the surface and subsurface 3D structure to be developed. Collapse of the glacier margin takes the form of a multiple rotational failure controlled by large‐scale, down‐ice dipping normal faults. As the fault‐bound blocks of ice are displaced downslope, they rotate leading to localized compression and the formation of down‐faulted graben‐like structures. Moulins present within the marginal zone of Falljökull are closely associated with the zones of relatively more intense brittle deformation which crosscut the glacier. A model is proposed where the moulins have formed in response to the progressive collapse of englacial drainage channels located along down‐ice dipping normal faults. The preferential development of the moulins and englacial drainage channels along the normal faults weakens the ice along these structures, promoting or even accelerating further collapse of the ice margin. The complex pattern of surface lowering within the marginal zone of Falljökull has also been shown to be directly related to movement on the main faults controlling the collapse of the ice margin. This evidence suggests that structurally controlled collapse may, in some instances, have a profound effect on glacier surface lowering and geodetic mass balance measurements.
A steady state solver for modelling rotating electromechanical devices exploiting the transformation from time to position domain
Authors: Bernat Jakub , Kolota Jakub , Stepien Slawomir , Sykulski Jan 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe paper presents a study on a novel steady state solver for modelling rotating electromechanical devices. As the new contribution, the transformation of the system from time to position domain is exploited to improve the efficiency of computation. The proposed methodology is well suited to optimizing the current or voltage waveforms to drive the system with an imposed reference torque. To illustrate the technique, a brushless direct current motor is considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth factors in human serum during operative tibial lengthening with the ilizarov method
Authors: Stogov Maksim V. , Luneva Svetlana N. , Novikov Konstantin I. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread clinical use of distraction osteogenesis for limb lengthening, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this surgical treatment promotes new bone formation in humans are not well understood. The aim of the research was to study the levels of growth factors (GFs) in the serum of patients that were undergoing tibial lengthening with the Ilizarov method of distraction osteogenesis. Those were patients with unilateral congenital discrepancy of the tibia (n = 12), unilateral posttraumatic tibial shortening (n = 7), and healthy patients that underwent cosmetic bilateral tibial lengthening (n = 10). The study established that unlike the congenital group, the posttraumatic group and healthy subjects showed a significantly evident increase in the levels of angiogenic GFs in their serum on day 10 of distraction. In the congenital group, the changes were not significant at this time point. The levels of TGF‐α, TGF‐β1, and TGF‐β2 tended to decrease on day 10 of distraction and on day 30 of the post‐distraction period in the cosmetic and posttraumatic groups while they grew in the congenital group. Most dynamic changes in the GFs levels during tibial lengthening were noted in the subjects undergoing cosmetic lengthening, and the least ones were in the congenital group. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1966–1970, 2013
Application of photo‐selective films to manipulate wavelength of transmitted radiation and photosynthate composition in red beet (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.)
Authors: Stagnari Fabio , Galieni Angelica , Cafiero Giovanni , Pisante Michele 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterest is increasing around both the use of plants as functional foods and the agronomic techniques which can increase nutrients and phytochemicals. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the effects of light on accumulation of active compounds in root storage organs. Red beet was treated with RED (red/far red ratio: 1.29; transmitted photosynthetically active radiation: 66.9%) and GREEN (red/far red ratio: 0.43; transmitted photosynthetically active radiation: 25.8%) photo‐selective films and changes in nutrients and biomass accumulation were measured.RESULTSPlants subjected to GREEN treatment had less dry weight accumulation both in storage roots (68%) and leaves (42%); moreover, soluble and structural carbohydrate concentration in roots was increased, as were the K, Mg and Zn concentrations (40.08, 2.95 and 0.023 mg g−1 fresh weight, respectively). Conversely, GREEN lowered total phenolic concentration (0.33 vs. 0.47 mg g−1 fresh weight) and antioxidant activity (0.65 vs. 0.94 µm Trolox equivalents g−1 fresh weight) compared to CONTROL. Total pigment concentration was reduced by 20% and 48% with RED and GREEN treatments, respectively.CONCLUSIONRed beet showed a strong plasticity in its adaptation to light availability. Some macronutrients (fiber, sugars, minerals) can be concentrated in roots by modifying the amount and quality of the light, principally with GREEN photo‐selective films. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Food‐Related Values on Food Purchase Behavior and the Mediating Role of Attitudes: A Swiss Study
Authors: Hauser Mirjam , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Jonas Klaus 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPersonal values and attitudes can help to explain food choice. This study confirmed a hierarchical organization of the value–attitude–behavior chain: Food‐related values influence attitudes, and these, in turn, impact behavior. Contrary to previous findings, values are only partially mediated by attitudes: Some food‐related values are fully mediated, whereas others are partially mediated, and still others have exclusively direct effects on purchase behavior. Questionnaire data from a roughly representative sample of 851 adults living in Switzerland was complemented with actual food purchase behavior measured by a loyalty card of a Swiss retailer over the period of one year. Four theoretically derived structural equation models were compared across eight different food product categories (organic, fair trade, low‐budget, fresh convenience, ready‐to‐eat, light, functional foods, fruits and vegetables). The results question central assumptions of the theory of planned behavior and emphasize the role of food‐related values in food consumption. Implications for marketing and future product developments of food companies are discussed.
zCap: a zero configuration adaptive paging and mobility management mechanism
Authors: Kreuger Per , Gillblad Daniel , Arvidsson Åke 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYToday, cellular networks rely on fixed collections of cells (tracking areas) for user equipment localisation. Locating users within these areas involves broadcast search (paging), which consumes radio bandwidth but reduces the user equipment signalling required for mobility management. Tracking areas are today manually configured, hard to adapt to local mobility and influence the load on several key resources in the network. We propose a decentralised and self‐adaptive approach to mobility management based on a probabilistic model of local mobility. By estimating the parameters of this model from observations of user mobility collected online, we obtain a dynamic model from which we construct local neighbourhoods of cells where we are most likely to locate user equipment. We propose to replace the static tracking areas of current systems with neighbourhoods local to each cell. The model is also used to derive a multi‐phase paging scheme, where the division of neighbourhood cells into consecutive phases balances response times and paging cost. The complete mechanism requires no manual tracking area configuration and performs localisation efficiently in terms of signalling and response times. Detailed simulations show that significant potential gains in localisation efficiency are possible while eliminating manual configuration of mobility management parameters. Variants of the proposal can be implemented within current (LTE) standards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐ and Two‐dimensional High‐performance Thin‐layer Chromatography as an Alternative Analytical Tool for Investigating Polyphenol–Protein Interactions
Authors: Tscherch Kathrin , Biller Julia , Lehmann Mareen , Trusch Maria , Rohn Sascha 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionPolyphenols and simple phenolic compounds are able to react with other food constituents during processing and storage. In the past, it has been shown that their reaction with proteins can lead to changes of the technofunctional or even physiological properties of both compound classes. However, identification of specific binding sites of small molecules within a protein sequence (and the corresponding conformational position) is still challenging.ObjectiveInvestigating the reaction between different food proteins and phenolic compounds in alkaline medium with one‐ and two‐dimensional high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) with time‐of‐flight (TOF) MS for analysing the peptide profiles after tryptic digestion.MethodsAfter modification with phenolic compounds, protein derivatives were digested and peptides were separated with one‐ and two‐dimensional HPTLC. Peptide profiles were detected with visible and UV wavelengths as well as with fluorescamine, ninhydrin and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid staining. In order to perform mass spectrometric measurements, peptides separated in the first dimension were analysed by MALDI/TOF/MS.ResultsResults show that the phenolic acids applied in this study show different specificity and susceptibility when modifying proteins resulting in changes of the peptide profiles, peptide quantity, polarity, UV‐activity, radical‐scavenging activity and molecular mass.ConclusionOne‐ and two‐dimensional HPTLC supported by mass spectrometric detection represents an innovative, alternative tool for investigating and understanding polyphenol–protein interactions. This approach enables the identification of binding sites inside the protein chain and contributes to understanding the mechanism of polyphenol–protein interactions in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive functioning and cortisol suppression in recurrent major depression
Authors: Hansson Pia Berner , Murison Robert , Lund Anders , Hammar Åsa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is often associated with high levels of stress and disturbances in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) system, yielding high levels of cortisol in addition to cognitive dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between cortisol levels after the dexamethasone suppression test and cognitive function in recurrent unipolar MDD patients. Twenty‐four patients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) criteria for a recurrent MDD diagnosis were included in the study. The control group was matched for age, sex, and education level. Cortisol was measured in saliva collected with Salivette sampling devices. Saliva samples were collected four times during a 24‐hr period over two consecutive days: at awakening, after 45 min, after 7 hr, and at 11:00 p.m. One milligram of dexamethasone was given on Day 1 at 11:00 p.m. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of standardized tests measuring cognitive functioning within verbal and visual memory, as well as executive functioning. Cortisol levels did not differ between patients and controls on Day 1. Cortisol levels in patients were higher than in controls at awakening on Day 2 (D2S1), after dexamethasone administration the previous evening. All significant correlations between cognitive measures and cortisol at D2S1 were negative, indicating that low suppression after intake of dexamethasone is related to poor cognitive functioning. Significant relations were found in three of the cognitive tests measuring verbal memory, semantic fluency, and inhibition. The present findings indicate that dysregulation of the HPA‐axis is related to poor verbal memory functioning. There was no firm evidence that abnormal cortisol levels were associated with inhibition difficulties.
Methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification: utility for prenatal diagnosis of parental origin in human triploidy
Authors: Joergensen M. W. , Rasmussen A. A. , Niemann I. , Hindkjaer J. , Agerholm I. , Bolund L. , Kolvraa S. , Sunde L. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhen a triploid pregnancy is diagnosed prenatally, gynaecologists have traditionally relied on the histopathological examination of the tissue from the terminated pregnancy to determine if the pregnancy is molar. However, reproducibility is poor and variability is high when diagnosing hydatidiform moles. Triploid pregnancies can have either the chromosomal constitution of two maternal and one paternal set, or two paternal and one maternal set, but only the conceptuses with two paternal sets have the potential to cause maternal complications. Therefore, it would be beneficial to introduce a method that gives the gynaecologist the parental origin of the genome of the triploid conceptus as early as possible, without delaying the process by first collecting parental samples.MethodsUsing methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, we measured methylation levels at different imprinted sites.ResultsWe were able to correctly determine the parental origin of the genome in all 105 triploid pregnancies analysed.ConclusionsWe present methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification as a method capable of determining the parental origin of the genome of triploid conceptuses within 24 h; it is inexpensive, simple and easy to use, and parental samples are not needed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ductus venosus versus cerebral transverse sinus Doppler velocimetry for predicting acidemia at birth in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency
Authors: Martins Neto Manoel , Carvalho Francisco Herlânio Costa , Barbosa Maurício Mendes , Mota Rosa Maria Salani , de Menezes Denise Teixeira , Murta Carlos Geraldo Viana , Santana Renato Martins , Moron Antonio Fernandes 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe objectives of this study is to compare ductus venosus (DV) and cerebral transverse sinus (CTS) Doppler velocimetry for predicting acidemia at birth in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study involving 69 cases. Doppler assessment of the DV and CTS was carried out in the last 24 hours prior to delivery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the accuracy and false‐positive and false‐negative rates were calculated for those parameters considered to be good predictors of acidemia. The McNemar test was used to compare the various parameters.ResultsThe DV pulsatility index(PI), S/A, and (S − A)/S ratios as well as the CTS PI and the (S − A)/S ratio were good predictors of acidemia. The comparison between DV and CTS showed that for pulsatility index for veins, the sensitivity was 52.4% versus 66.7%, p = 0.508; the specificity was 81.2% versus 77.1%, p = 0.774; and the accuracy was 72.5% versus 73.9%, p = 1.00. For the (S − A)/S ratio the sensitivity was 52.4% versus 52.4%, p = 1.00; the specificity was 85.4% versus 79.2%, p = 0.508; and the accuracy was 75.4% versus 71%, p = 0.647.ConclusionsIn pregnancies with placental insufficiency, the PI and the (S − A)/S ratio of both DV and CTS were equally effective in predicting acidemia at birth. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and Numerical Determination of Roll Forming Loads
Authors: Groche Peter , Mueller Christian , Traub Tilman , Butterweck Katja 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMetal forming companies are confronted with increasing customer requirements and qualitative demands. In the course of tighter tolerances and use of harder materials the roll forming process need to be aligned optimally to the profile's specification. Especially in the case of complex cross‐sections the simulation of the forming process is a valuable aid. One challenge of reliable simulations is the consideration of the interaction between sheet metal and tools. Due to their simplification, e.g., missing roll compliance, rigid body models cannot describe the profile – tool interaction sufficiently. This can lead to big differences between experimentally and numerically obtained loads and stresses. Since verification possibilities are unavailable, a consideration of the mill compliance in simulation models has rarely been considered, if at all. This paper shows options to respect the compliance of roll forming mills in simulations. For verification of the load parameters, e.g., contact normal stress, standardized, and new measuring methods are applied.
Temperature Dependent Crystal Structure Analyses and Ion Volume Determinations of Organic Salts
Authors: Beichel Witali , Preiss Ulrich P. , Benkmil Boumahdi , Steinfeld Gunther , Eiden Philipp , Kraft Anne , Krossing Ingo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe crystal structures of nine organic salts of which seven are ionic liquids (ILs), comprising imidazolium, ammonium, piperidinium, and sulfonium cations, were determined. The occurrence of short contacts in the compounds' crystal structures was quantified with Hirshfeld surface analyses. Temperature dependent crystal structure data for several organic salts were recorded systematically in the temperature range from 100 K to room temperature. The thermal behavior of the cell constants was linear and anisotropic for almost all compounds. The accuracy of the molecular volume (Vm) – the key quantity in volume based thermodynamics (VBT) – was investigated in terms of its temperature dependency and the statistical error of the constituent ion volumes (Vm+/–). The former effect turned out to be at most on the same order of magnitude as the errors of Vm+/–. The same analysis was applied to the recently proposed new internally consistent molecular ion volumes (Vm, new+/–). For this purpose, a set of overall 40 Vm, new+/– values of typical polyatomic ions constituting ILs was established. In general, it is recommended to use as many salts as possible and as many temperature dependent data as available for the derivation of new Vm+/– and Vm, new+/– values.