bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryo Adoption: Some Further Considerations
Authors: Patterson Colin 
Published: September 2014

Recent discussions of embryo adoption have sought to make sense of the teaching of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) document Dignitas personae which appeared to provide a negative judgment on such a practice. This article aims to provide a personalist account of the process of fertilization and implantation that might serve as the basis for the negative judgment of the CDF document. In doing so, it relies upon the idea that a person, including an embryo, is not to be considered in isolation, but always in relation to God and to others. This approach extends the substantialist conceptualizations commonly employed in discussions of this issue. More generally, the article seeks to highlight the value of a personalist re-framing for an understanding of the moral questions surrounding the beginning of life. Lay summary: This article seeks to make sense of what appears to be a clear-cut rejection, set out in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) document Dignitas personae, of the proposal for women to “adopt” surplus frozen embryos. It draws upon more recently developed modes of philosophical/theological reasoning to argue that, in human procreation, both fertilization and implantation represent constitutive dimensions of divine creative activity and so must be protected from manipulative technological intervention. Since embryo adoption requires this kind of technology, it makes sense for the Church document not to approve it.
JAK3 mutants transform hematopoietic cells through JAK1 activation, causing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a mouse model
Authors: Degryse Sandrine , de Bock Charles E. , Cox Luk , Demeyer Sofie , Gielen Olga , Mentens Nicole , Jacobs Kris , Geerdens Ellen , Gianfelici Valentina , Hulselmans Gert , Fiers Mark , Aerts Stein , Meijerink Jules P. , Tousseyn Thomas , Cools Jan 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
JAK3 pseudokinase mutants require JAK1 for their transforming potential. JAK3 mutants cause T-ALL in a mouse bone marrow transplant model and respond to tofacitinib, a JAK3-selective inhibitor.
Mutations in TRNT1 cause congenital sideroblastic anemia with immunodeficiency, fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD)
Authors: Chakraborty Pranesh K. , Schmitz-Abe Klaus , Kennedy Erin K. , Mamady Hapsatou , Naas Turaya , Durie Danielle , Campagna Dean R. , Lau Ashley , Sendamarai Anoop K. , Wiseman Daniel H. , May Alison , Jolles Stephen , Connor Philip , Powell Colin , Heeney Matthew M. , Giardina Patricia-Jane , Klaassen Robert J. , Kannengiesser Caroline , Thuret Isabelle , Thompson Alexis A. , Marques Laura , Hughes Stephen , Bonney Denise K. , Bottomley Sylvia S. , Wynn Robert F. , Laxer Ronald M. , Minniti Caterina P. , Moppett John , Bordon Victoria , Geraghty Michael , Joyce Paul B. M. , Markianos Kyriacos , Rudner Adam D. , Holcik Martin , Fleming Mark D. 
Published: September 2014

Key PointsSIFD is a syndromic form of congenital sideroblastic anemia associated with immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay. SIFD is due to partial loss-of-function mutations in the CCA-adding enzyme TRNT1.
Acute cell viability and nitric oxide release in lateral menisci following closed-joint knee injury in a lapine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Killian Megan L , Haut Roger C , Haut Donahue Tammy L 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Traumatic impaction is known to cause acute cell death and macroscopic damage to cartilage and menisci in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate cell viability and macroscopic damage of the medial and lateral menisci using an in situ model of traumatic loading. Furthermore, the release of nitric oxide from meniscus, synovium, cartilage, and subchondral bone was also documented.

Methods
The left limbs of five rabbits were subjected to tibiofemoral impaction resulting in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and meniscal damage. Meniscal tear morphology was assessed immediately after trauma and cell viability of the lateral and medial menisci was assessed 24 hrs post-injury. Nitric oxide (NO) released from joint tissues to the media was assayed at 12 and 24 hrs post injury.

Results
ACL and meniscal tearing resulted from the traumatic closed joint impact. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in the lateral menisci following traumatic impaction compared to the medial menisci and control limbs. While NO release was greater in the impacted joints, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This is the first study to investigate acute meniscal viability following an in situ traumatic loading event that results in rupture of the ACL. The change in cell viability of the lateral menisci may play a role in the advancement of joint degeneration following traumatic knee joint injury.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 in Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn is Involved in Neuropathic Pain in Nerve Root Constriction Rats
Authors: Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Terashima Yoshinori , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Tanimoto Katsumasa , Iwase Takehito , Ogon Izaya , Kobayashi Takeshi , Tohse Noritsugu , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: September 2014

Background: Lumbar radicular pain is categorized as a type of neuropathic pain, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. The substantia gelatinosa (SG) in the spinal cord dorsal horn receives primary afferent inputs and is considered to be a therapeutic target for treating neuropathic pain. In vivo patch-clamp recording is a useful procedure for analyzing the functional properties of synaptic transmission in SG neurons. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) has been widely identified in the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as in the peripheral nociceptor, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord dorsal horn and is involved in synaptic transmission of pain. However, its functional role and mechanism of pain transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to use in vivo patch-clamp analysis to examine changes in the excitatory synaptic transmission of SG neurons treated with TRPA1 antagonist and to clarify the potential role of TRPA1 in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn. Results: The rats with root constriction (RC) showed mechanical hypersensitivity, hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, pin pricks elicited pain-related behavior even in the sham and naïve rats. These pain-related behaviors were significantly attenuated by intrathecal injection of a TRPA1 antagonist. The degrees of intrathecal injection efficacy were equivalent among the 3 groups (RC, sham, and naïve groups). In an electrophysiological study, the frequencies and amplitudes of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were significantly increased in the RC rats compared with those in the sham and naïve rats. Spontaneous EPSCs and evoked-EPSCs by non-noxious and noxious stimuli were significantly decreased by TRPA1 antagonist. As in the behavioral study, there were no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups. Conclusion: These data showed that the TRPA1 antagonist had an inhibitory effect on mechanical hypersensitivity and hyperalgesia as well as on physiological pain transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn. This suggests that TRPA1 is consistently involved in excitatory synaptic transmission even in the physiological state and has a role in coordinating pain transmission.
Determination of the Young's modulus of the epicuticle of the smooth adhesive organs of Carausius morosus by tensile testing
Authors: Bennemann Michael , Backhaus Stefan , Scholz Ingo , Park Daesung , Mayer Joachim , Baumgartner Werner 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Adhesive organs like arolia of insects allow these animals to climb on different substrates by creating high adhesion forces. According to the Dahlquist criterion, adhesive organs must be very soft exhibiting an effective Young's modulus of below 100 kPa to adhere well to substrates. Such a low effective Young's modulus allows the adhesive organs to make almost direct contact to the substrate and results in van der Waals forces beside capillary forces. In previous studies the effective Young's moduli of adhesive organs were determined using indentation tests yielding their structure to be very soft indeed. However, adhesive organs show a layered structure, thus the measured values comprise the effective Young's moduli of several layers of the adhesive organs. In this study, a new approach is illustrated to measure the Young's modulus of the outermost layer of the arolium, i.e. of the epicuticle, of the stick insect Carausius morosus. As a result of the epicuticle being supported by upright fibres tensile tests allow the determination of the Young's modulus of the epicuticle hardly affected by subjacent layers. In our tensile tests arolia of stick insects adhering on a latex membrane were stretched by stretching the membrane while the elongation of the contact area between an arolium and the membrane was recorded. For analysis mathematical models of the mechanical system were developed. When fed with the observed elongations, these models yield estimates for the Young's modulus of the epicuticle of about a hundred megapascal. Thus in arolia a very thin layer (~225 nm) of a rather stiff material, which is less susceptible to abrasion, makes contact to the substrates while the inner fibrous structure of arolia is responsible for their softness.
Portfolio Development and Experience Gained at Schools of Russia
Authors: Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana 
Published: September 2014

The paper considers various issues related to authentic assessment in the context of the new Federal State Educational Standards adoption. The essence
of authentic assessment as well as portfolio potential at a higher stage of education are revealed. Types of portfolios and a structure of each are featured,
together with pedagogical objectives, which can be achieved through this educational instrument.
The Russian Literature as Reflected in Illustrators’ Oeuvre
Authors: Обернихина  , Obyernikhina Galina 
Published: September 2014

The proposed outline for the elective course “The Russian Literature As Reflected In Illustrators’ Oeuvre” is designed for the 9th–10th classes students
(meant for 36 academic hours). At the lessons the students will get acquainted with features and dynamics of book publishing industry in Russia and
traditions of book design and will trace the history and developments of the genre of illustrations as a specific genre of the pictorial art, which has a
genetic link to the literary work concerned and by contrast with a picture helps to reveal the author’s underlying idea and theme of the literary work.
CaM Kinase II mediates maladaptive post‐infarct remodeling and pro‐inflammatory chemoattractant signaling but not acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Weinreuter Martin , Kreusser Michael M , Beckendorf Jan , Schreiter Friederike C , Leuschner Florian , Lehmann Lorenz H , Hofmann Kai P , Rostosky Julia S , Diemert Nathalie , Xu Chang , Volz Hans Christian , Jungmann Andreas , Nickel Alexander , Sticht Carsten , Gretz Norbert , Maack Christoph , Schneider Michael D , Gröne Hermann‐Josef , Müller Oliver J , Katus Hugo A , Backs Johannes 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCaMKII was suggested to mediate ischemic myocardial injury and adverse cardiac remodeling. Here, we investigated the roles of different CaMKII isoforms and splice variants in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by the use of new genetic CaMKII mouse models. Although CaMKIIδC was upregulated 1 day after I/R injury, cardiac damage 1 day after I/R was neither affected in CaMKIIδ‐deficient mice, CaMKIIδ‐deficient mice in which the splice variants CaMKIIδB and C were re‐expressed, nor in cardiomyocyte‐specific CaMKIIδ/γ double knockout mice (DKO). In contrast, 5 weeks after I/R, DKO mice were protected against extensive scar formation and cardiac dysfunction, which was associated with reduced leukocyte infiltration and attenuated expression of members of the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand family, in particular CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, MIP‐1α). Intriguingly, CaMKII was sufficient and required to induce CCL3 expression in isolated cardiomyocytes, indicating a cardiomyocyte autonomous effect. We propose that CaMKII‐dependent chemoattractant signaling explains the effects on post‐I/R remodeling. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaMKII is not critically involved in acute I/R‐induced damage but in the process of post‐infarct remodeling and inflammatory processes.
The Benefits of a Relational Approach to Corporate Political Activity: Evidence from Political Contributions to Tax Policymakers
Authors: Brown Jennifer L. , Drake Katharine , Wellman Laura 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Empirical evidence linking campaign financing activity to future firm benefits is mixed. However, theory suggests that an important aspect of a successful political strategy is a multi-period investment in cultivating relationships with key policymakers (Snyder 1992). We examine a specific setting and investigate whether firms that invest in relationships with tax policymakers via campaign contributions accrue greater future tax benefits. We find that firms that pursue a more relational approach to corporate political activity have lower future cash and GAAP effective tax rates (ETRs) and less volatile future cash ETRs. Further, we provide evidence of an incremental effect of tax-specific lobbying for firms that develop stronger relationships with tax policymakers via PAC support. Thus, our study links tax-specific PAC support to tax-specific outcomes, providing an economic link for the observed contribution-return relation documented in Cooper, Gulen, and Ovtchinnikov (2010).
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources as indicated in the text.
Longitudinal Development of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Venskutonyte Laura , Jarnert Christina , Rydén Lars , Kjellström Barbro 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is considered to be common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but information on its progression over time is lacking. We studied the longitudinal development of left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) and myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with T2DM who were free from clinically detectable cardiovascular disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The LVDF was assessed in 73 patients with T2DM (mean age 67 ± 7 years; males 51%) on two occasions separated by 6.4 ± 0.8 years.

RESULTS
At baseline, LVDD was observed in 23 of the patients (32%). During follow-up, the LVDF normalized in 10 of these patients (43%) and remained unchanged in 13 of them (57%). Of the 50 patients (68%) with normal LVDF at baseline, LVDD developed in 9 (18%). Paired evaluation of myocardial blood volume index was available from 22 patients with LVDD and remained unchanged over time.

CONCLUSIONS
The condition of the majority of the investigated patients with LVDD improved or remained stable over a period of 6 years.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization and bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Gedik Habip , Yıldırmak Taner , Şimşek Funda , Kantürk Arzu , Arıca Deniz , Aydın Demet , Yokuş Osman , Demirel Naciye , Arabacı Çiğdem 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: We retrospectively evaluated the rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization and VRE-related infections in patients with hematological malignancies. Methodology: All patients in the hematology department of the Ministry of Health Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, an 800-bed tertiary hospital in İstanbul, Turkey, older than 14 years of age and who developed febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy for hematological cancers between November 2010 and November 2012 were evaluated in this retrospective observational study. Results: A total of 282 neutropenic episodes in 126 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The mean patient age was 51.73 ± 14.4 years (range: 17–82 years), and 66 cases occurred in male patients. The mean Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer score of patients with hematological malignancies was 17.18 ± 8.27. Fifty (39.68%) patients were colonized with VRE, and the mean number of VRE colonization days per patient was 34.27 ± 13.12 days. Only two patients developed VRE bacteremia: a male patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who survived the infection, and a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia who died from VRE bacteremia. Conclusions: Patients with hematological malignancies accompanied by VRE colonization should be expected to develop VRE- or vancomycin-sensitive enterococci-related bacteremia under certain conditions, which include the development of severe mucositis, invasive procedures, and the use of intensive broad-spectrum antibiotics, even if infection control measures are implemented properly.
Naissance de la paroisse « territoriale »
Authors: Lunven Anne 
Published: September 2014

Contrairement à l’idée qui a longtemps prévalu, la
paroisse n’est pas apparue en même temps que le christianisme est
devenu religion officielle. L’étude des trois plus anciens actes de
Bretagne attestant de l’existence d’une hiérarchie ecclésiale,
organisée entre des églises-mères et des édifices secondaires, permet
en effet de conclure que le réseau paroissial ne découle pas d’un
démembrement croissant de grandes paroisses primitives. Ce fut
seulement au xie siècle que les rapports
sacramentels et matériels liant les fidèles à un lieu de culte furent
strictement réglementés selon le lieu de domiciliation, entraînant de
fait la reconnaissance d’un « territoire », appelé la parochia. Celle-ci ne correspondait pas toutefois à
une circonscription stricto sensu, avec des
limites linéaires et continues, mais plutôt à un semis d’âmes,
rayonnant autour d’une église principale.
« Être le dernier jeune »
Authors: Courant Stefan Le 
Published: September 2014

Le renforcement des politiques de contrôle des migrations en Europe a eu pour effet le développement de poches d’attente tout au long du parcours des aspirants à cette migration. Parallèlement, la restriction des conditions d’obtention d’un titre de séjour a retardé l’accès à un statut régulier pour les étrangers déjà présents sur le territoire. En attendant ces « papiers » tant espérés, les étrangers en situation irrégulière sont contraints à vivre dans un éternel présent fait de multiples recommencements. Si l’obtention des « papiers » ouvre une nouvelle temporalité, un temps devenu profitable, les étrangers régularisés découvrent vite les contradictions temporelles de la vie de migrant.
La file d’attente
Authors: Monnier Gérard 
Published: September 2014

À côté des évocations des écrivains, des analyses des philosophes et des sociologues, la démarche photographique prônée et pratiquée par l’auteur (refus de la mise en scène, format panoramique, etc.) permet de saisir la variété des formes d’« attendre ensemble » selon les situations (sous l’auvent d’un Abribus, à l’entrée d’un magasin…) et les contextes culturels (dans différents pays). Un des buts d’une telle démarche est de « produire une image forte du banal », à l’instar de la devise de Gustave Flaubert en littérature : « Bien écrire le médiocre. »
Le temps de punir
Authors: Bouagga Yasmine 
Published: September 2014

Alors que la prison est souvent envisagée du point de vue de ceux qui la subissent, on propose ici d’interroger l’attente du point de vue des personnels de l’institution, personnels pénitentiaires mais aussi juges d’application des peines qui ont le pouvoir de moduler le temps de l’incarcération. Que produit l’attente en prison – à la fois temps de disponibilité du détenu sur lequel s’exerce le pouvoir de l’institution, et temps de transformation en vue d’un projet ? À quelles contraintes et contradictions ces personnels sont-ils eux-mêmes soumis, dans le contexte contemporain de la maison d’arrêt française caractérisé par la surpopulation et l’inoccupation des détenus ? Pour répondre à ces questions, on envisagera la prison comme un cadre de travail mettant en présence différents types de professionnels soumis à de fortes pressions organisationnelles en même temps qu’à des injonctions morales relatives aux missions affirmées par l’institution.
Que sont devenues les attentes ?
Authors: Pons Christophe 
Published: September 2014

Cet article propose un examen des christianismes millénaristes dans des sociétés de l’Atlantique Nord (Islande et Féroé) et Sud (Cap-Vert). De confessions, de cultures et d’histoires différentes, ces îles ont gagné leurs indépendances au cours du xxe siècle. Dans ces entreprises de libération, des fabriques religieuses ont joué localement des rôles majeurs en répondant à l’attente d’un destin eschatologique, et à celle d’un devenir souverain immédiat. Peu observés par les sciences sociales qui ne les ont pas appréhendés comme des appropriations autochtones mais comme des diffusions d’Amérique et d’Europe, ces christianismes (adventisme, pentecôtisme, méthodisme, calvinisme et luthéranisme) révèlent une autre histoire des utopies sociales indigènes. Contraints de gérer l’impatience et les attentes trop longues, ils témoignent en outre d’un rapport singulier au temps, entre le défi de la pérennité et l’imminence d’une fin annoncée.
Pegylated Bisacycloxypropylcysteine, a Diacylated Lipopeptide Ligand of TLR6, Plays a Host-Protective Role against Experimental Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Pandey Surya Prakash , Chandel Himanshu Singh , Srivastava Sunit , Selvaraj Sathishkumar , Jha Mukesh Kumar , Shukla Divanshu , Ebensen Thomas , Guzman Carlos A. , Saha Bhaskar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
TLRs recognize pathogen-expressed Ags and elicit host-protective immune response. Although TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6, recognizing different ligands, differences in the functions of these heterodimers remain unknown. In this study, we report that in Leishmania major-infected macrophages, the expression of TLR1 and TLR2, but not TLR6, increased; TLR2–TLR2 association increased, but TLR2–TLR6 association diminished. Lentivirus-expressed TLR1–short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or TLR2–shRNA administration reduced, but TLR6–shRNA increased L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Corroboratively, Pam3CSK4 (TLR1–TLR2 ligand) and peptidoglycan (TLR2 ligand) increased L. major infection but reduced TLR9 expression, whereas pegylated bisacycloxypropylcysteine (BPPcysMPEG; TLR2–TLR6 ligand) reduced L. major number in L. major-infected macrophages, accompanied by increased TLR9 expression, higher IL-12 production, and inducible NO synthase expression. Whereas MyD88, Toll/IL-1R adaptor protein, and TNFR-α–associated factor 6 recruitments to TLR2 were not different in Pam3CSK4-, peptidoglycan-, or BPPcysMPEG-treated macrophages, only BPPcysMPEG enhanced p38MAPK and activating transcription factor 2 activation. BPPcysMPEG conferred antileishmanial functions to L. major-infected BALB/c-derived T cells in a macrophage–T cell coculture and in BALB/c mice; the protection was TLR6 dependent and IL-12 dependent, and it was accompanied by reduced regulatory T cell number. BPPcysMPEG administration during the priming with fixed L. major protected BALB/c mice against challenge L. major infection; the protection was accompanied by low IL-4 and IL-10, but high IFN-γ productions and reduced regulatory T cells. Thus, BPPcysMPEG, a novel diacylated lipopeptide ligand for TLR2–TLR6 heterodimer, induces IL-12–dependent, inducible NO synthase–dependent, T-reg–sensitive antileishmanial protection. The data reveal a novel dimerization partner-dependent duality in TLR2 function.