bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between a lower T-CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and cognitive impairment in older persons with HIV
Authors: Ruiz-Manriquez Carlos Alberto , Avila-Funes José Alberto , Brañas Fátima , Crabtree-Ramírez Brenda , Amieva Hélène , Hernández-Ruiz Virgilio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
to determine the association between a lower LT-CD4+/CD8 + ratio and cognitive impairment among people ≥ 50 years with HIV.
Methods
cross-sectional study, including 207 adults aged > 50 years with HIV, receiving care at a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City. Participants underwent a standardized geriatric and neuropsychological assessment to establish the presence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder using validated criteria. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between T-CD4+/CD8 + lymphocyte ratio tercile values (0.57–0.91, and < 0.56; being > 0.91 the reference category) and cognitive impairment.
Results
Participants’ median age was 56 (IQR 53–62) years and 173 (83.6%) were men. The prevalence of any kind of cognitive impairment according to the Antinori criteria was 66.2% (n = 137); the highest proportion being asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (n = 114, 83.2%). Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that the lowest LT-CD4+/CD8 + ratio tercile values (< 0.56) were independently associated with the presence of cognitive impairment (OR 3.16; 95% CI: 1.22–8.16, p = 0.017).
Conclusion
lower LT-CD4+/CD8 + ratios are independently associated with cognitive impairment older persons with HIV, which represents another factor that could be addressed to modulate this outcome.
Flow Experiences across Multiple Performance Domains
Authors: Mauldin Kristin N. , Thompson Bailey A. , Rubio Andrea L. , Betancourt Yilena C. , Brana Gerardo , Hernandez Janeane , Gonzalez Lindsey , Batherson Matthew J. , Lewin Rachael E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

As the construct of flow is currently under revision, the nine dimensions of the Jackson-Marsh Model of flow have been examined more closely. The current study aims to add to this examination by comparing these dimensions across four performance domains: academic, individual sport, spectator sport, and team sport. Participants completed two different flow assessments within one hour following their specified performance activity. One of the assessments measured state specific flow [1]. A total of 118 performers participated: academic (n = 26), individual sport (n = 26), spectator sport (n = 32), and team sport (n = 34). Multivariate analysis of variance analyses conducted on the dimensions that represent antecedents of flow (challenge to skills match, clear goals, and unambiguous feedback) revealed less unambiguous feedback for the exam takers (academic) in comparison to the individual sport athletes, spectator sport athletes, and team sport athletes. A multivariate analysis of variance was then conducted comparing dimensions of the experience of flow between activity types. Individual sport athletes experienced higher levels of merging of action and awareness while spectator sport athletes experienced less loss of self-consciousness between the performance domains. Implications of these differences for the flow construct are discussed.
Peruvian Medical Residency Selection: A portrayal of scores, distribution, and predictors of 28,872 applicants between 2019 and 2023
Authors: Flores-Cohaila Javier A , Miranda-Chavez Brayan , Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Benavente-Chalco Xiomara C. , Rios-García Wagner , Moreno-Ccama Vanessa P. , Samanez-Obeso Angel , Rivarola-Hidalgo Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Residency selection is crucial for enhancing the healthcare workforce. Most research on this topic arises from the global north, leaving a gap from the global south perspective. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate factors associated with the Peruvian National Residency Examination (ENARM) in Peruvian applicants.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using data from applicants to the Peruvian ENARM from 2019 to 2023. The data were sourced from the National Council of Medical Residency's webpage and analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effect models.
Results
The final population consisted of 28,872 (95.06%) of applicants between 2019 and 2023. The mean ENARM score was 11.69, with a pass rate of 61.6% if a standard setting was set at 11. The highest scores were seen in those who achieved scores above 13 in the ENAM and received honors in medical school, while the lowest in those who applied in the captive modality and did not take the ENAM. Most applicants were concentrated in Lima and applied to Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetric-Gynecology. The ENAM score was positively associated with the ENARM in the mixed model when adjusting for receiving, year, setting of application, modality, and application specialty.
Conclusions
ENAM scores and honors in medical school were most associated with ENARM; hypothetically, 4 out of 10 applicants would fail the ENARM. Moreover, We portrayed the disparities in Peruvian medical education that point toward the quality of medical education, its centralization in the Peruvian capital, and the power dynamics between specialties.
Genetics-informed new causal proteins in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Luo Chen , Zhang YaJing , Feng QiFan , Yao KaiXin , Zheng LeiLei , Yang Ye , Zheng WenXin , Li Feng , Lv YongQiang , Cai Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune-related skin disease with a genetic background. Numerous loci have been identified associated with AD to better comprehend its complicated genetic mechanisms by genome‑wide association studies (GWASs). However, current studies reveal the underlying mechanisms of these loci in the pathogenesis of AD inadequately. To explore the plasma proteins genetically correlated with AD via the GWAS data. Herein, we adopted recent AD GWAS data (N = 796,661) and the dataset of plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), comprising 1,348 proteins from individuals of European descent. We first conducted the AD-related proteome-wide association studies (PWASs) (N = 7,213) by integrating pQTLs with the AD GWAS statistics and identified six significant plasma proteins by PWAS (P < 0.05). Then, the potential causal proteins of AD were identified via Mendelian randomization (MR), and four causal proteins of AD were discovered afterward. Following this, Bayesian colocalization analysis then explored proteins sharing the same causal variants. Three causal proteins strongly associated with the pathogenesis of AD were eventually pinpointed. Finally, we discovered drugs that could be repurposed for AD with the plasma proteins that might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD in the Drug Gene Interaction Database.
Knowledge and attitudes about rare diseases in the general population of Peru
Authors: Abarca-Barriga Hugo Hernán , Tello Rossana Alvariño , Laso-Salazar María Cristina , Serna-Infantes Jorge La , Mujica María del Carmen Castro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background. Rare diseases (RD) affect up to 8% of the population. They present with variable and nonspecific phenotypes, and most of these conditions are genetically determined. Few studies have explored the knowledge of rare diseases in the general population.
Methods. The present research is a cross-sectional analytical study, where a modified and expert-verified survey was applied. The survey gathered data such as the level of knowledge of rare diseases, age, gender, profession, and years of professional practice; additionally, the attitude towards state financing, and insurance coverage were explored. We describe the absolute and relative frequencies, as well as the range of the proportion of qualitative variables; we assessed the difference in the average of the final score of rare diseases knowledge, multiple linear regression, and the crude and adjusted prevalence ratio based on the level of deficient or sufficient knowledge of rare diseases were determined.
Results. The average score of the final RD knowledge is low (53.9; DE = 14.45); where 85.4% have a deficient score. However, there is a positive attitude towards RD regarding financing and coverage (> 80%). The variables that cause a decrease in the final score include not having a profession, older age, having a negative attitude towards insurance coverage, not having a family member with an RD, and having a higher number of years of professional practice. Despite a deficient score on RD knowledge, there is a positive attitude towards coverage and financing of RD.
Conclusions. The study reveals a significant knowledge gap about rare diseases (RD) in the general population. Despite the low knowledge levels, there is a notably positive attitude towards the financing and insurance coverage of RD. Factors such as lack of a professional background, older age, negative attitudes towards insurance coverage, absence of family members with an RD, and longer professional practice are associated with lower knowledge scores. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives to enhance RD awareness while leveraging the positive attitudes towards financial support to advocate for improved healthcare policies and resources for RD patients.
The term cotwin with special pulmonary lesions and elevated maternal-neonatal D- dimer levels following single intrauterine fetal death in a monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregnancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Liu Zhenzhen , Yu Yi , Gu Weirong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Complications such as cerebral impairment, preterm delivery, and even intrauterine death can occur in monochorionic twins with singleton fetal death. The coagulation functions of the surviving fetus and mother are controversial.
Case presentation
We reported a case of spontaneous single intrauterine fetal death at 17 weeks of gestation in a monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy followed by increased maternal-neonatal D-dimer levels and special pulmonary lesions in the surviving term cotwin without cerebral impairment. The mother was complicated with massive pelvic hematomas postpartum and recovered after conservative treatment.
Conclusions
Maternal-neonatal follow-up of D-dimer and detailed examination of the respiratory system as well as brain impairment of the surviving cotwin and newborn are recommended, especially in monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancies with placental arterio-arterial or veno-venous anastomoses and elevated maternal D-dimer.
Prediction of Prognosis, Efficacy of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Machine Learning Model Based on Immune and Metabolic Related Genes
Authors: Xue Cong , Dai Yi-Zhi , Li Gui-Long , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to integrate immune and metabolism-related genes in order to construct a predictive model for predicting the prognosis and treatment response of LUAD(lung adenocarcinoma) patients, aiming to address the challenges posed by this highly lethal and heterogeneous disease.
Material and Methods
Using TCGA-LUAD as the training subset, differential gene expression analysis, batch survival analysis, Lasso regression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to construct prognostic related gene models. GEO queue as validation subsets, is used to validate build RiskScore. Then, we explore the RiskScore and mutation status, immune cell infiltration, the relationship between immune therapy and chemotherapy, and build the model of the nomogram.
Results
The RiskScore has been determined to be composed of seven gene. In the high-risk group defined by this score, both early-stage and advanced-stage LUAD patients exhibit a decreased overall survival rate. The mutation status of patients as well as immune cell infiltration show associations with the RiskScore value obtained from these genes' expression levels. Furthermore, there exist variations in response to immunotherapy as well as sensitivity to commonly used chemotherapy drugs among different individuals. Lastly, when using a column line plot model based on the calculated RiskScore values, we obtain a concordance index (C-index) was 0 .716 (95% CI: 0.671–0.762), and time-dependent ROC predicted probabilities of 1-, 3- and 5-year survival for LUAD patients were 0.752、0.725 and 0.654, respectively.
Conclusion
In summary, by combining immune- and metabolism-related genes, we successfully con-structed a novel model for predicting prognosis and treatment response in LUAD patients.
Different Types of Connections between the Thalamus and Vestibular Nucleus in the Human Brain
Authors: Yeo Sang Seok , Lee Sang Soo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigated connections between vestibular and thalamic nuclei in the human brain using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We examined nine vestibulothalamic tracts (VTTs) by selecting three seed regions of interest (ROIs) in the vestibular nuclei (superior, medial, and lateral) and three target ROIs in the thalamic nuclei (ventral posterolateral, ventral posteromedial, and ventral intermediate). DTI tractography was performed on twelve healthy subjects. Results showed all three vestibular nuclei had connectivity with the thalamus, with varying reconstruction rates. The lateral vestibular nucleus demonstrated highest connectivity with ventral posterolateral and posteromedial nuclei, while the medial vestibular nucleus had highest connectivity with the ventral intermediate nucleus. All VTTs passed through the midbrain tegmentum, with some traversing the tectum. This study provides new insights into neural pathways involved in vestibular information processing and may serve as a foundation for understanding the central vestibular system's neurophysiology. These findings could have implications for diagnosing and treating vestibular disorders and related balance issues.
Clinical effect of abdominal Tuina on patients with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled study and evaluation of event-related potentials
Authors: He Yayong , Wu Yiming , Li Chenrui , Nan Shanzhu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects patients’ physical and mental health and overall quality of life. GAD is often accompanied by palpitations, chest tightness, muscle tension, restlessness, and other autonomic nervous disorders and symptoms, but its underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Abdominal Tuina is effective in relieving the clinical symptoms of patients with GAD; therefore, to objectively evaluate the efficacy of abdominal Tuina, which is essential to make appropriate treatment decisions, we will use event-related potentials to assess cognitive function in patients with GAD.
Methods
We will enroll 114 patients diagnosed with GAD who will be randomly assigned to either the abdominal Tuina or drug group at a 1:1 ratio. The main outcome indicator will be the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), while secondary outcome indicators will include the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scale, the Chinese Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI), attention to deviation index changes, negative potential (N1), vertex positive potential (VPP) amplitude, and latency. We will use the German Brain Products electroencephalogram (EEG) collection device to perform one EEG session before and after treatment for both the treatment and control groups. Through the changes in N1, VPP amplitude, and the latency of event-related potentials, we will analyze the specific neural mechanism by which abdominal Tuina affects the attention bias of negative stimuli in patients with GAD.
Discussion
The results of this randomized controlled clinical trial will help to demonstrate the efficacy of abdominal Tuina.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR2300068257. Registered on February 13, 2023.
Impact of PI-RADS Score Combined with SII on Pathological Upgrading in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Zhiheng Huang , Haiyang WEI , Tianhe ZHANG , Changbao Xu , Junfeng GAO , Changhui Fan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the combined effect of PI-RADS v2.1 scores and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) on predicting pathological upgrading in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
Methods
The study collected various clinical indicators, imaging examination results, serum inflammation marker levels, and pathological examination results of 76 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent prostate biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on changes in their International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades before and after surgery: the pathological upgrading group and the non-upgrading group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess independent risk factors for pathological upgrading. The effectiveness of single indicators, imaging inflammation indicators, traditional clinical pathology indicators, and multi-indicator combined prediction models in predicting pathological upgrading was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that PI-RADS scores, SII, percentage of free PSA (%PSA), and the proportion of tumor tissue in biopsy samples were independent predictors of ISUP grade upgrading after radical prostatectomy. The area under the curve (AUC) values for single indicators PI-RADS, SII, %PSA, and biopsy tumor tissue proportion were 0.607, 0.711, 0.618, and 0.778, respectively. The AUC for the model combining imaging inflammation indicators (PI-RADS and SII) was 0.914.
Conclusions
The PI-RADS v2.1 score and SII are valuable in predicting pathological upgrading after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients. Combining these indicators with traditional clinical pathology indicators significantly improves predictive performance.
Removal of retained bullets from the hip joint in civilian gunshot injuries.
Authors: Maqungo Sithombo , Nicol Andrew , Kauta Ntambue , Graham Simon , Swanepoel Stefan , Laubscher Maritz , Antoni Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

PurposeRemoval of bullets retained within joints is indicated to prevent mechanical blockade, 3rdbody wear and resultant arthritis, plus lead arthropathy and rarely, systemic lead poisoning. We aimed to report on the largest series of removal of bullets from the hip joint using open surgical techniques.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who presented to a single Level 1 Trauma Unit with civilian gunshot injuries that had breached the hip joint between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2022.Results:We identified one hundred and seventeen (117) adult patients who met our inclusion criteria. Of these patients 72 had bullets retained within the hip joint area. Forty-six patients underwent bullet removal using the following techniques: hip arthrotomy (n=19), surgical hip dislocation (n=18), direct removal without capsulotomy (tractotomy) (n=5), removal at site of fracture fixation/replacement (n=3), posterior wall osteotomy (n=1). No patients underwent hip arthroscopy. In 26 patients we did not remove bullets for the following reasons: final location was extra-capsular embedded in the soft tissues (n=17), clinical decision to not remove though bullet due to the patients’ clinical condition not allowing for further surgery (n=8) and patient refusal (n=1).Conclusion:With adequate pre-operative imaging and surgical planning, removal of retained bullets from the hip joint can be achieved using open surgical techniques without the need for hip arthroscopy.
The relationship between non-communicable disease risks and mental wellbeing in adolescence: a cross-sectional study utilising objective measures in Indonesia
Authors: Cini Karly I , Dumuid Dorothea , Francis Kate L , Wulan Nisaa R , Sawyer Susan M , Agung Fransisca Handy , Pham Minh D , Kennedy Elissa C , Fisher Jane , Tran Thach , Medise Bernie , Devera Yoga , Riyanti Aida , Wiweko Budi , Luchters Stanley , Kaligis Fransiska , Wiguna Tjhin , Ansariadi Ansariadi , Azzopardi Peter S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental disorders) arise in adolescence but are mostly framed as relevant to health in adulthood; little is known about the relationship between co-occurring NCD risks and mental wellbeing in young people. This study aims to describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of distinct NCD risk factors, and how they relate to current mental wellbeing amongst adolescents in Indonesia, a young and populous country where NCD burden is increasing rapidly.
Methods
We assessed NCD risk and mental wellbeing amongst 1,331 school-based 16-18-year-olds in Jakarta (N = 609) and South Sulawesi. Five domains of NCD risk (adiposity, substance use, physical inactivity, excess sedentary time, and diet) were either measured or self-reported. In Jakarta, we also measured blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Wellbeing was assessed using three indicators: general quality of life (QoL), physical function QoL, and psychological distress. We used linear regression to estimate the associations between co-occurring risks and wellbeing, adjusted for covariates of wellbeing: province, gender, socioeconomic status, and religion.
Results
NCD risk clustering was common, and more than half of adolescents had co-occurring risks in 3 or more of the 5 domains (58.9% (95%CI 53.7–63.9)). Adolescents with any NCD risk were more likely to report psychological distress, with this relationship most pronounced in those with excess sedentary time spent on video gaming and computer use. A higher number of NCD risk factors was associated with poorer psychological wellbeing and decreased general and physical function QoL. In the Jakarta subsample, reduced HDL and raised blood glucose was associated with psychological distress; and a higher number of risk biomarkers was associated with lower physical function QoL.
Conclusions
Our analysis also shows that these NCD risks (both individual risks and co-occurring risk count) are related to poorer profiles of mental wellbeing in adolescents, after adjusting for likely confounders.