bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Questions for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Risk Knowledge
Authors: van den Bogert Cornelis A. , Miller Michael J. , Cobaugh Daniel J. , Chen Lang , Allison Jeroan J. , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: October 2014

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate screening questions for estimating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) risk knowledge.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from a telephone interview of NSAID users 50 years or older from 39 physician practices in Alabama were used. Patient-reported awareness of prescription NSAID risk and health literacy were the independent variables, and a cumulative index score of objectively tested knowledge of 4 prominent NSAID risks was the dependent variable. General linearized latent and mixed model ordered logistic regression was used to estimate associations among the independent variables, covariates, and objectively tested NSAID risk knowledge. Population-averaged probabilities for levels of objectively tested NSAID risk knowledge were subsequently estimated.

Results
Subjective awareness of any prescription NSAID risk (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–3.74), adequate health literacy (AOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.04–2.83), and physician counseling about 1 or more NSAID risks (AOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.09–2.61) were significantly and positively associated with NSAID risk knowledge. The probability of correctly answering at least 1 of the 4 NSAID risk knowledge questions was 70% in the absence of any subjective risk awareness and in less than adequate health literacy. Whereas the probability of correctly answering at least 1 of the 4 NSAID risk knowledge questions increased to 86% in the presence of subjective awareness of any prescription NSAID risk and adequate health literacy.

Conclusions
Screening questions for subjective NSAID risk awareness and health literacy are predictive of objectively tested NSAID knowledge and can be used to triage patients as well as subsequently initiate and direct a conversation about NSAID risk.
Managing the life cycle of Java Card applets in other Java virtual machines
Authors: Roland Michael , Langer Josef , Mayrhofer Rene 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the design, implementation, performance and limitations of an environment that emulates a secure element for rapid prototyping and debugging. Today, it is difficult for developers to get access to a near field communication (NFC)-secure element in current smartphones. Moreover, the security constraints of smartcards make in-circuit emulation and debugging of applications impractical. Therefore, an environment that emulates a secure element brings significant advantages for developers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors' approach to such an environment is the emulation of Java Card applets on top of non-Java Card virtual machines (e.g. Android Dalvik VM), as this would facilitate the use of existing debugging tools. As the operation principle of the Java Card VM is based on persistent memory technology, the VM and applications running on top of it have a significantly different life cycle compared to other Java VMs. The authors evaluate these differences and their impact on Java VM-based Java Card emulation. They compare possible strategies to overcome the problems caused by these differences, propose a possible solution and create a prototypical implementation to verify the practical feasibility of such an emulation environment.

Findings
– While the authors found that the Java Card inbuilt persistent memory management is not available on other Java VMs, they present a strategy to model this persistence mechanism on other VMs to build a complete Java Card run-time environment on top of a non-Java Card VM. Their analysis of the performance degradation in a prototypical implementation caused by additional effort put into maintaining persistent application state revealed that the implementation of such an emulation environment is practically feasible.

Originality/value
– This paper addresses the problem of emulating a complete Java Card run-time environment on top of non-Java Card virtual machines which could open and significantly ease the development of NFC secure element applications.
A crowdsourcing framework for the management of mobile multimedia nature observations
Authors: Skevakis Giannis , Tsinaraki Chrisa , Trochatou Ioanna , Christodoulakis Stavros 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe MoM-NOCS, a Framework and a System that support communities with common interests in nature to capture and share multimedia observations of nature objects or events using mobile devices.

Design/methodology/approach
– The observations are automatically associated with contextual metadata that allow them to be visualized on top of 2D or 3D maps. The observations are managed by a multimedia management system, and annotated by the same and/or other users with common interests. Annotations made by the crowd support the knowledge distillation of the data and data provenance processes in the system.

Findings
– MoM-NOCS is complementary and interoperable with systems that are managed by natural history museums like MMAT (Makris et al., 2013) and biodiversity metadata management systems like BIOCASE (BioCASE) and GBIF (GBIF) so that they can link to interesting observations in the system, and the statistics of the observations that they manage can be visualized by the software.

Originality/value
– The Framework offers rich functionality for visualizing the observations made by the crowd as function of time.
MTAPIN: multi-touch key input enhances security of PIN authentication while keeping usability
Authors: Takada Tetsuji , Kokubun Yuki 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The aim of the research is to realize a better form of personal identification number (PIN) authentication for a mobile phone without lowering usability and acceptability.Design/methodology/approach– The authors’ approach is to extend the input operation of PIN authentication by allowing more than one number at a time using a multi-touch-enabled screen. The authors also introduced substitution keys to be able to type any combination of a PIN value and an input pattern by multi-touch typing.Findings– The authors conducted a user evaluation study using a Web-based prototype system. The results of the study indicate that PIN input time, input errors and secret memorability of the proposed scheme were no worse than those of conventional PIN authentication. The theoretical security level of the proposed scheme is almost three and a half times than that of the conventional scheme.Originality/value– The paper introduced a multi-touch-allowed secret input operation into a PIN authentication. Though the introduction affected not only an input operation but also a PIN input interface and secret information, it makes possible to realize a better security level without a drastic change of a user interface and taking a longer input time.
High‐Volume Postdilution Hemodiafiltration Is a Feasible Option in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Marcelli Daniele , Scholz Caecilia , Ponce Pedro , Sousa Tânia , Kopperschmidt Pascal , Grassmann Aileen , Pinto Bruno , Canaud Bernard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHemodiafiltration (HDF) with 20–22 L of substitution fluid is increasingly recognized as associated with significant benefits regarding patient outcome. However, some doubt exists as to whether these high volumes can be achieved in routine clinical practice. A total of 4176 sessions with 366 patients on postdilution HDF were analyzed in this 1‐month observational cohort study with prospective data collection. All dialysis machines were equipped with AutoSub plus signal analysis software that automatically and continuously adapts the substitution fluid flow according to the blood flow, blood viscosity, and dialyzer characteristics. Percentages of sessions with different types of vascular access were compared regarding achievement of ≥21 L substitution fluid. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to study the independent relationship of selected variables with achievement of ≥21 L substitution volume. Patient‐ and dialysis‐related variables that showed an association with the convection volume were entered in a multivariable model that included hematocrit up front. Respectively, 87%, 84%, and 33% of routine sessions conducted with fistulas, grafts, and catheters qualified as high‐volume HDF. Serum albumin levels ≥4.2 g/dL were positively associated with the achievement of at least 21 L substitution volume. Positive associations were also observed for blood flows in the ranges 350–399 and ≥400 mL/min compared with the reference range (300–350 mL/min), for longer treatment time, for fistula versus catheter, for higher filtration fraction, and for dialysis conducted at the end of the week versus Monday. It can be concluded that implementation and sustainability of high‐volume HDF is possible in routine clinical practice for almost all patients treated with fistulas and grafts.
Stability of parent‐reported food allergy in six and 7‐year‐old children: the first 5 years of the Finnish allergy programme
Authors: Järvenpää Johanna , Paassilta Marita , Salmivesi Susanna , Sannisto Tuire , Niitty Siina , Korppi Matti 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe Finnish national allergy programme was introduced in 2008 to decrease the burden of allergy in the population. This study, carried out in 2013, evaluated the prevalence of parent‐reported food allergies, treated with an avoidance diet until early school age, and discussed the rates in relation to those found in an identical study in 2009.MethodsSchool health nurses used a structured questionnaire to interview the parents of 1653 children aged of six or seven in the first year of elementary school. The criterion for a parent‐reported food allergy was that the parents considered it necessary for their child to follow an avoidance diet at school.ResultsIn 2013, 6.1% of the children were allergic to at least one food and 2.5% of the children were allergic to basic foods, such as cows' milk, eggs and wheat, compared with 2.7% in 2009. A significant decrease was seen in allergies to nuts, fruits and vegetables.ConclusionParent‐reported allergies to basic foods, such as cow's milk, eggs and wheat, remained rather stable in first graders of elementary schools during the first 5 years of the Finnish national allergy programme, but allergies to nuts, fruits and vegetables decreased.
Recent Trends in Sinus Lift Surgery and Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Al‐Dajani Mahmoud 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundSinus lift procedures are used to allow residual bone to accommodate functional implants in atrophic posterior maxilla. Numerous anatomical and surgical advancements in sinus lift surgery are still inspiring clinicians.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the recent trends in sinus lift surgery focusing on implant survival, bone grafting, anatomical and surgical considerations, and their clinical implications on the practice of implant dentistry in atrophic posterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsWe performed an extensive search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Trip, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Articles were critically reviewed to determine the level of evidence as per the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.ResultsComprehensive assessment of sinus septa, sinus pathology, and bone quality and quantity using three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography radiographs is important before placing implants in posterior maxilla. With a residual bone height of less than 5 mm, the survival rate of implant decreases substantially. Lateral window approach can increase the vertical bone height to greater than 9 mm, while osteotome approach can increase this height from 3 to 9 mm. The perforation of Schneiderian membrane doubles the risk for the incidence of sinusitis or infection. The use of piezoelectric surgery allows adequate sinus lift while protecting soft tissues and minimizing patient discomfort.ConclusionsAlthough both osteotome and lateral window procedures can help clinicians in overcoming the challenges of placing implants in atrophic posterior maxilla, pre‐implant residual bone height is crucial in determining the survival of these implants. Future research directions should consider study designs grounded on longitudinal randomized controlled trials of large sample size.
The imbalance of nature: revisiting a Darwinian framework for invasion biology
Authors: Fridley Jason D. , Sax Dov F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimA major implication of natural selection is that species from different parts of the world will vary in their efficiency in converting resources into offspring for a given type of environment. This insight, articulated by Darwin, is usually overlooked in more recent studies of invasion biology that are often based on the more modern Eltonian perspective of imbalanced ecosystems. We formulate a renewed Darwinian framework for invasion biology, the evolutionary imbalance hypothesis (EIH), based only on the action of natural selection in historically isolated populations operating within a global network of repeated environments. This framework predicts that successful invaders are more likely to come from biotic regions of high genetic potential (with independent lineages of large population size), experiencing a given environment for many generations and under strong competition from other lineages.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe test the predictive power of this framework by examining disparities in recent species exchanges between global biotic regions, including patterns of plant invasions across temperate regions and exchanges of aquatic fauna as a result of modern canal building.ResultsOur framework successfully predicts global invasion patterns using phylogenetic diversity of the world's biotic regions as a proxy that reflects their genetic potential, historical stability and competitive intensity, in line with the Darwinian expectation. Floristic regions of higher phylogenetic diversity are more likely to be source areas of invasive plants, and regions of lower phylogenetic diversity are more likely to be invaded. Similar patterns are evident for formerly isolated marine or freshwater assemblages that have been connected via canals.Main conclusionsWe advocate an approach to understanding modern species invasions that recognizes the potential significance of both the original Darwinian explanation and the more modern view that emphasizes novel ecological or evolutionary mechanisms arising in the introduced range. Moreover, if biological invasions are a natural outcome of Darwinian evolution in an increasingly connected world, then invasive species should continue to displace native species and drive widespread shifts in the functioning of ecosystems.
Tax Competition, Investment Irreversibility and the Provision of Public Goods
Authors: Moretto Michele , Vergalli Sergio , Panteghini Paolo M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article studies the effects of tax competition on the provision of public goods under business risk and partial irreversibility of investment. As will be shown, the provision of public goods changes over time and also depends on the business cycle. In particular, under source-based taxation, in the short term, public goods can be optimally provided during a downturn. The converse is true during a recovery: in this case, they are underprovided. In the long term, however, tax competition does not affect capital accumulation. This means that the provision of public goods is unaffected by taxation.
Itemised Deductions: A Device to Reduce Tax Evasion
Authors: Piolatto Amedeo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
With direct incentives and sanctions being the most common instruments to fight tax evasion, the theoretical literature has tended to overlook indirect schemes, such as itemised deductions, in which one agent’s behaviour affects the likelihood that others will declare their revenue. Itemised deductions provide an incentive for consumers to declare their purchases. This induces a partial shift in the demand from the black market to the legal one, for consumers need a transaction receipt to enjoy the tax deduction. I show that it is possible to increase tax proceeds by choosing a suitable level of itemised deduction, and this, for any level of taxation. Indeed, the cost for the tax authority on the consumers’ side is more than compensated for by the extra proceeds generated on the sellers’ side.
New quantitative aPTT waveform analysis and its application in laboratory management of haemophilia A patients
Authors: Milos M. , Coen Herak D. , Zupancic‐Salek S. , Zadro R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryDiagnosis of haemophilia A is usually made by the measurement of factor VIII (FVIII) activity that allows categorization of the disease severity. However, tests that assess global haemostasis may better reflect clinical features and give additional clinically relevant information. The aim of this study was to develop a new quantitative activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) waveform analysis and compare it with FVIII activities to find out whether waveform parameters are superior determinants of clinical phenotype. A total of 81 haemophilia A patients divided into two groups (37 severe, 44 non‐severe) were included in the study. The control group comprised 101 healthy male volunteers. Quantitative aPTT waveform analysis was performed with Actin FS on BCS (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) using three parameters (DELTA, RATIO‐1, RATIO‐2) obtained from a single aPTT measurement with two evaluation modes. FVIII activities were measured by one‐stage clotting and two‐stage chromogenic assay. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between control group and all haemophilia A patients, as well as between severe and non‐severe haemophilia A patients was obtained for all quantitative waveform parameters. Our study revealed parameter DELTA as the best waveform parameter, showing significant correlation with FVIII activities and clinical parameters, and excellent performance for distinguishing between severe and non‐severe haemophilia A patients (ROC analysis: sensitivity 97.3%, specificity 93.2%). The results obtained by new quantitative aPTT waveform analysis were superior to those obtained by standard laboratory methods. The simplicity and cost‐benefit of the method make this approach a reasonable and promising tool for assessing coagulation in haemophilia A patients.
Safety and efficacy of turoctocog alfa (NovoEight®) during surgery in patients with haemophilia A: results from the multinational guardian™ clinical trials
Authors: Santagostino E. , Lentz S. R. , Misgav M. , Brand B. , Chowdary P. , Savic A. , Kilinc Y. , Amit Y. , Amendola A. , Solimeno L. P. , Saugstrup T. , Matytsina I. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRecombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) products provide a safe and efficacious replacement therapy for prevention and treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A. The present investigations from the multinational, open‐label guardian™ clinical trials assessed the haemostatic response of turoctocog alfa (NovoEight®), a rFVIII product, in patients with severe haemophilia A (FVIII ≤ 1%) undergoing surgery. All patients had a minimum of 50 exposure days to any FVIII product prior to surgery and no history of inhibitors. A total of 41 procedures (13 orthopaedic, 19 dental and 9 general) were performed in 33 patients aged 4–59 years. Of the 41 procedures, 15 were major surgeries in 13 patients and 26 were minor surgeries in 21 patients. The success rate for haemostatic response was 100% (success was defined as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ haemostatic outcome). Turoctocog alfa consumption on the day of surgery ranged from 27 to 153 IU kg−1. The mean daily dose declined over time, while retaining adequate FVIII coverage as measured by trough levels. Overall, no safety issues were identified. No thrombotic events were observed and none of the patients developed FVIII inhibitors. In conclusion, the present results show that turoctocog alfa was effective in controlling blood loss by obtaining a sufficient haemostatic response in patients with severe haemophilia A undergoing surgery.
Pharmacokinetics of plasma‐derived vs. recombinant FVIII concentrates: a comparative study
Authors: Morfini M. , Marchesini E. , Paladino E. , Santoro C. , Zanon E. , Iorio A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOnly very few pharmacokinetic (PK) studies comparing plasma derived FVIII (pd‐FVIII) against recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) concentrates are available. The studies have been generally conducted to demonstrate the bioequivalence of a new product with an old one. The switch from a plasma‐derived FVIII (pd‐FVIII) to a rFVIII concentrate is a good moment to enrol the patients in a comparative PK study. To achieve information on the PK characteristics of two different classes of FVIII concentrates, according to two different designs: a 10 FVIII concentration/time point design and a reduced 4‐point design. A single dose PK comparing pd‐ and rFVIII concentrates has been performed in four Haemophilia Centres of Italy. Seventeen haemophilia A patients underwent two subsequent single dose PK studies at the moment of switching. Two‐compartment‐ and Non‐compartment‐analysis did not show significant differences between the outcomes of PK of pd‐FVIII and rFVIII, due to inter‐patient variability. In vivo recovery (IVR) of rFVIII was slightly higher than that of pd‐FVIII and rFVIII/pd‐FVIII AUC ratio was 1.37 in 11/17 patients. The difference is only due to the initial distribution phase because after the first 10 h from the end of the infusion, the two decay curves are overlapping. The elimination half‐life of the concentrates was very similar even though a complete bioequivalence was not demonstrated because of a higher AUC of rFVIII concentrates, limited to the distribution phase. The higher Cmax and IVR of rFVIII may be due to the presence of heterodimers activated forms of the recombinant molecules.
IS COMPARATIVE HISTORY POSSIBLE?
Authors: LEVINE PHILIPPA 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years the trend toward comparative histories, frequently read in terms of transnational studies, has produced some remarkably exciting work. The prospect of the comparative is gaining broader appeal, a development we should applaud but at the same time begin to examine in a critical fashion. This essay lays out some of the problems involved in comparative work and suggests ways in which we might profitably utilize these potential snares in productive ways.Comparative history has the potential to operate as a “bridge‐builder,” encouraging inventive thinking that moves scholars beyond the familiar terrain of their training. In this respect, it encourages original and innovative ways of approaching historical work. But there are lessons to be learned and problems to be faced in managing a complex scholarly enterprise of this kind. Comparative work runs the risk of reproducing and consolidating older models of universalist history that assume universal standards. It further runs the risk of assuming rather than historicizing the idea of the nation as a fixed point of historical reference rather than seeing the nation itself as a site for historical scrutiny. In this paper, my goal is to lay out these problems alongside the palpable rewards of comparative work, and then to suggest how we might turn such problems to our advantage.