bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rain-induced attenuation of deep-water waves
Authors: Peirson William L. , Beyá José F. , Banner Michael L. , Peral Joaquín Sebastián , Azarmsa Seyed Ali 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA laboratory investigation has been undertaken to quantify water wave attenuation rates as a function of rainfall rate. Vertical artificial rainfall is shown to generate weak near-surface velocity fluctuations that decline systematically away from the free surface and are independent of rainfall rate across the range of rainfall rates investigated (40–$170~\mathrm{mm} ~{\mathrm{h} }^{- 1} $). In the absence of rain, the observed attenuation of gravity waves is at levels consistent with classical viscous theory, but with a systematic finite-amplitude effect observed above a mean steepness of 0.10. Wave attenuation rates were found to be independent of the mean wave steepness and identical when artificial rainfall rates of 108 and$141~\mathrm{mm} ~{\mathrm{h} }^{- 1} $were applied. Reassessment of complementary theoretical and experimental studies of individual droplets impacting on undisturbed water surfaces indicates that above a weak threshold rainfall rate of$30~\mathrm{mm} ~{\mathrm{h} }^{- 1} $, the surface irradiation becomes so frequent that droplet-generated violent surface motions directly interact with the incoming droplets. Present evidence is that a matching of time scales develops between the incoming surface irradiation and surface water motions generated by antecedent droplets as the rainfall rate increases. Consequently, at high rainfall rates, a highly dissipative surface regime is created that transmits little of the incident rainfall kinetic energy to the aqueous layers below. Rainfall-induced wave attenuation rates are compared with measurements of other wave attenuation processes to obtain a hierarchy of strength in both the laboratory and the field. Comparison is also made with wave attenuation theories that incorporate momentum and energy flux considerations. Rain-induced wave attenuation rates are weak or very strong depending on whether they are expressed in terms of energy scaling obtained from above or below the surface respectively, due to the high dissipation rate that occurs in the vicinity of the interface.
Tea and non-tea flavonol intakes in relation to atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in older women
Authors: Ivey Kerry L. , Lewis Joshua R. , Prince Richard L. , Hodgson Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2013

Epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary flavonoids generally, and flavonols specifically, may contribute to cardiovascular health. Tea consumption, which is often the main dietary source of flavonoids and flavonols, is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The primary objective of the present study was to explore the association of the habitual intake of flavonols from tea and non-tea sources with the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality in a population of elderly women. A total of 1063 women, aged over 75 years, were randomly selected from ambulant Caucasian women living in Perth, Western Australia. Flavonoid consumption was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture Flavonoid, Flavone and Proanthocyanidin databases. Atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality was assessed over 5 years of follow-up through the Western Australian Data Linkage System. During the follow-up, sixty-four women died from atherosclerotic vascular disease. Women in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of flavonol intake had a lower risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease death (OR 0·27, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·59; P≤ 0·01 for trend in multivariate-adjusted models). Similar relationships were observed for flavonol intake derived from both tea (OR 0·38, 95 % CI 0·18, 0·79; P< 0·01) and non-tea (OR 0·41, 95 % CI 0·20, 0·85; P= 0·05) sources. Tea was the main contributor to flavonol intake (65 %), and the intakes of flavonols from tea and non-tea sources were not significantly correlated. In conclusion, increased consumption of flavonols was independently associated with a lower risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease mortality. Both tea and non-tea sources of flavonols were independently associated with this benefit.
Effect of vitamin D administration in vitamin D-deficient pregnant women on maternal and neonatal serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Hashemipour Sima , Lalooha Fatemeh , Zahir Mirdamadi Shabnam , Ziaee Amir , Dabaghi Ghaleh Talaat 
Published: April 2013

There are several studies in which a correlation between maternal vitamin D deficiency and serum mineral disorders in the mother and the newborn has been reported. The present randomised clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administration on maternal and fetal Ca and vitamin D status. The trial was carried out on 160 pregnant women. Vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 30 ng/ml) pregnant women were recruited at 26–28 weeks of pregnancy. In the control group, a multivitamin supplement containing 400 IU vitamin D3/d was given. Patients in the treatment group were treated with 50 000 IU vitamin D3 weekly for a total duration of 8 weeks. At delivery, maternal and fetal Ca and 25(OH)D levels in both groups were compared. In total, 81 % of pregnant women were vitamin D deficient. At the time of delivery, Ca and vitamin D levels were higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (92 (sd 3) v. 85 (sd 4) mg/l, respectively, P= 0·001 for serum Ca; 47·8 (sd 11·1) v. 15·9 (sd 6·6) ng/ml, respectively, P< 0·001 for vitamin D). At the time of delivery, 32·7 % of women in the control group had hypocalcaemia, while no hypocalcaemic case was detected in the vitamin D-treated group. Mean neonatal serum 25(OH)D was higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (27·7 (sd 5·2) v.10·9 (sd 4·4) ng/ml, respectively, P< 0·01). The neonatal Ca level in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (99 (sd 3) v. 91 (sd 3) mg/l, respectively, P< 0·001). The administration of vitamin D to pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency improves both maternal and neonatal Ca levels.
Disease-specific knowledge and information preferences of young patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Lesch Wiebke , Specht Katharina , Lux Anke , Frey Michael , Utens Elisabeth , Bauer Ulrike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsPersons suffering from congenital heart defects require lifelong specialist medical care. Failure to attend cardiological follow-up examinations and risky health behaviour in the transition phase may cause severe medical complications. A good level of disease-specific knowledge enhances compliance. Therefore, the study's aim was to investigate: (a) the level of disease-specific knowledge, (b) information preferences, and (c) sources of information for children, adolescents, and young adults regarding their illness.Methods and resultsIn all, 596 patients, aged 10–30 years, participated in this cross-sectional survey study (response rate: 53%). All patients were already enrolled in the German National Register for Congenital Heart Defects. The main outcome measures included disease-specific knowledge, information preferences, and information sources regarding patients’ individual cardiac condition. The patients demonstrated a major knowledge gap concerning their illness and how to live with it. For all three age groups, patients’ information needs were unmet on nearly half of the topics of interest. Children's information needs were comparable to those of adolescents and adults concerning several important topics, for example, work/career, sports. Information preferences varied according to age and gender, rather than disease severity. The most important sources of information were physicians (71.0%), family and friends (58.2%), and the Internet (37.5%).ConclusionThe study revealed substantial knowledge gaps, indicating a need for structured multidisciplinary patient education interventions. These interventions should start as early as in childhood and help patients manage their condition and assume responsibility for their own health, so that the transition phase runs smoothly.
Diverse stoichiometry of dissolved trace metals in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Thi Dieu Vu Huong , Sohrin Yoshiki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTrace metals in seawater are essential to organisms and important as tracers of various processes in the ocean. However, we do not have a good understanding of the global distribution and cycling of trace metals, especially in the Indian Ocean. Here we report the first simultaneous, full-depth and basin-scale section-distribution of dissolved (D) Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the Indian Ocean. Our data reveal widespread co-limitation for phytoplankton production by DFe and occurrence of redox-related processes. The stoichiometry of the DM/phosphorus ratio agrees within a factor of 5 between deep waters in the Indian and Pacific, whereas it shows variability up to a factor of 300 among water masses within the Indian Ocean. This indicates that a consistent mechanism controls the stoichiometry in the deep waters, which are significantly depleted in Mn, Fe and Co compared to requirements for phytoplankton.
Training Communication Partners of Adults Who Rely on AAC: Co-Construction of Meaning
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Beukelman David 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this article, we summarize a presentation on the training of AAC communication partners at the SIG 12 Virtual Conference (2012). We describe the characteristics of effective communication partners. We also will discuss adult learning principles and learning mode preference as they relate to training of AAC communication partners.
To Stock or Not to Stock? Assessing the Restoration Potential of a Remnant American Shad Spawning Run with Hatchery Supplementation
Authors: Bailey Michael M. , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Hatchery supplementation has been widely used as a restoration technique for American Shad Alosa sapidissima on the East Coast of the USA, but results have been equivocal. In the Penobscot River, Maine, dam removals and other improvements to fish passage will likely reestablish access to the majority of this species’ historic spawning habitat. Additional efforts being considered include the stocking of larval American Shad. The decision about whether to stock a river system undergoing restoration should be made after evaluating the probability of natural recolonization and examining the costs and benefits of potentially accelerating recovery using a stocking program. However, appropriate evaluation can be confounded by a dearth of information about the starting population size and age structure of the remnant American Shad spawning run in the river. We used the Penobscot River as a case study to assess the theoretical sensitivity of recovery time to either scenario (stocking or not) by building a deterministic model of an American Shad population. This model is based on the best available estimates of size at age, fecundity, rate of iteroparity, and recruitment. Density dependence was imposed, such that the population reached a plateau at an arbitrary recovery goal of 633,000 spawning adults. Stocking had a strong accelerating effect on the time to modeled recovery (as measured by the time to reach 50% of the recovery goal) in the base model, but stocking had diminishing effects with larger population sizes. There is a diminishing return to stocking when the starting population is modestly increased. With a low starting population (a spawning run of 1,000), supplementation with 12 million larvae annually accelerated modeled recovery by 12 years. Only a 2-year acceleration was observed if the starting population was 15,000. Such a heuristic model may aid managers in assessing the costs and benefits of stocking by incorporating a structured decision framework.
Received December 27, 2011; accepted December 19, 2012
Acclimation Enhances Postrelease Performance of Hatchery Fall Chinook Salmon Subyearlings While Reducing the Potential for Interaction with Natural Fish
Authors: Rosenberger Stuart J. , Connor William P. , Peery Christopher A. , Milks Deborah J. , Schuck Mark L. , Hesse Jay A. , Smith Steven G. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
One form of prerelease acclimation of hatchery anadromous salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. juveniles is to truck the fish to remote points for extended holding at low densities in rearing vessels (e.g., tanks, raceways, or in-ground ponds) supplied with river water. We conducted a 3-year study to determine whether such acclimation enhanced the postrelease performance of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha subyearlings and reduced the potential for interaction with natural fall Chinook Salmon subyearlings. In comparison with hatchery subyearlings that were released directly into the lower Snake River just downstream of the acclimation facility, acclimated hatchery subyearlings (1) passed downstream to Lower Monumental Dam (the third dam encountered during seaward migration) faster, (2) passed the dam earlier, and (3) survived from release to the dam tailrace at higher rates. The differences in downstream passage rate and dam passage timing were also much greater between acclimated hatchery subyearlings and natural subyearlings than between directly released hatchery subyearlings and natural subyearlings. Thus, acclimation provided a survival advantage to the hatchery fish while reducing the potential for (1) aggressive and nonaggressive social interactions with natural fish while in transit through the reservoirs associated with Lower Granite, Little Goose, and Lower Monumental dams; and (2) confinement with natural fish at those three dams, where fish collection and raceway holding were followed by transport in tanker trucks. Our findings support acclimation as a method for enhancing postrelease performance of hatchery fall Chinook Salmon subyearlings and reducing their potential interactions with natural conspecifics.
Received July 25, 2012; accepted January 9, 2013
Disinfection of Three Wading Boot Surfaces Infested with New Zealand Mudsnails
Authors: Stockton Kelly A. , Moffitt Christine M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum (NZMS) have been introduced into many continents and are easily transported live while attached to wading and other field gear. We quantified the relative attachment by different life stages of NZMS to felt, neoprene, and rubber-soled boots exposed to two densities of NZMS in experimental exposure totes. Attachment by NZMS occurred on boots of all surfaces, but the highest numbers of all life stages occurred on boots with felt surfaces. We found a 15–20-min bath application of 20 g/L Virkon Aquatic was a reliable tool to disinfect boot surfaces infested with NZMS and other aquatic invertebrates. Our studies support that spray application of this disinfectant was not reliable to provide complete mortality of attached adult NZMS or neonates. Wading gear surfaces exposed to repeated bath disinfections showed little deterioration. Our results provide strong evidence that bath disinfections with Virkon Aquatic are helpful to assure biosecurity in field and hatchery settings, but applications should be coupled with cleaning procedures to remove organic materials that can deactivate the reagent.
Received November 11, 2012; accepted January 17, 2013
PUTTING CIRCUITS INTO FIELDS, OR HOW ITALIAN CANZONE GAINED THE STATUS OF ‘ART’ IN THE MUSIC MARKET
Authors: Santoro Marco 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
This article shows how deep moral issues can impinge upon popular culture without this losing its commercial appeal, a process made possible by the role of consecrating institutions in the music market. The article focuses on the fabrication and establishment of a new genre within Italian musical culture and music market, the so-called canzone d'autore, and it is set after the suicide in 1967 of singer-songwriter Luigi Tenco during the most important Italian song festival (Sanremo's Festival della canzone italiana). Drawing upon Zelizer's notion of ‘circuits of commerce’ and Bourdieu's theory of cultural fields, the article will shed some light on the specific dynamics of the interplay between moral issues and commercial appeal in the Italian music market.
Preparedness: the state of the art and future prospects
Authors: Hémond Yannick , Robert Benoît 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the evolution of the concept “state of preparedness” into “state of resilience” in the context of emergency management, and the implications raised by this new concept.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a literature review (scientific and governmental) of the most important articles in the field of state of preparedness evaluation.FindingsThis article presents two trends in the state of preparedness evaluation: response capability and preparation management. These two trends contribute to the evolution of the concept “state of preparedness” into “state of resilience”, a state that is defined as the ability of a system to maintain or restore an acceptable level of functioning despite disruptions and failures.Originality/valueThis literature review helps define the concept of “state of preparedness” (in terms of both management and response capability) as the new trend of resilience.
Characteristics and influences of H1N1 communication on college students
Authors: Koskan Alexis , Foster Caroline , Karlis Jack , Rose India , Tanner Andrea 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess how college students received and responded to H1N1 pandemic emergency preparedness information and to assess college students’ knowledge and attitudes towards H1N1 during the height of the H1N1 epidemic and corresponding public health response to the outbreak.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study approach, the researchers conducted five focus groups at a large Southeastern US university between October 20‐29, 2009.FindingsIn order to effectively communicate emergency preparedness information to college students, universities should rely on interpersonal communication and mediated communication from trusted sources. College students need to understand the health‐related emergency, the risk of the emergency, basic steps to avoid it, and only pertinent cues to action. Oversaturation of this information can lead college students to lessen their perceived importance of the disaster prevention information.Research limitations/implicationsFocus groups were conducted during only two consecutive weeks of the H1N1 epidemic, and snowball sampling may have led to sample bias.Originality/valueThis research was conducted during the height of the H1N1 pandemic, and is the only study to date that explores college students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards H1N1.
Effectiveness of educational tools for hurricane resilience in homes
Authors: Strayhorn Tyler , Dasmohapatra Sudipta , Tilotta Dave , Mitchell Phil 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIn the disaster mitigation community, one of the most important tasks is that of information transfer prior to, and following natural disasters. The purpose of this research project was to increase the understanding of key aspects (such as attractiveness and educational value) that influence the utility and effectiveness of educational media tools for home resilience during hurricanes.Design/methodology/approachA total of three types of educational media were developed – pulp board coasters, tri‐fold pamphlets, and a web hosted video. The contents of these media were developed based on data from federal agencies, as well as scholarly articles and technical reports to form an inclusive body of information. Several focus groups of homeowners and potential homeowners were held to evaluate participant's preference of these three media tools with regards to their usefulness for making homes safer during natural disasters, specifically during wind and wind‐driven rain events (e.g. hurricanes).FindingsAnalysis of the focus groups indicate that media use (based on disaster prevention home resilience practices) is highly dependent on the target audience or the stakeholder group (e.g. consumers look for different information content as compared to the builders). While all three media were indicated by the participants to have merit, the pamphlet was preferred aesthetically and was most likely to be used by homeowners. In addition, the study found that the usefulness of the tools depends on the ease of understanding and implementation of the best practices and ease of access to the tools (targeted location for each media).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the study have implications for the entire disaster educational community. Although the findings are mostly qualitative and the small sample used in the focus groups limits the generalize ability to the entire population of the USA, nevertheless, future educational information and tools used should follow easy to understand language, be illustrated with examples and pictures, and be placed at convenient locations for homeowners to access.Originality/valueBy understanding how to better reach homeowners with information on home resilience, information can be more effectively disseminated to the public which allows for efficient use of tools as well as funds.
Resilience and adaptation of small and medium‐sized enterprises to flood risk
Authors: Wedawatta Gayan , Ingirige Bingunath 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe UK has experienced a number of flood events in recent years, and the intensity and frequency of such events are forecast to further increase in future due to changing climatic conditions. Accordingly, enhancing the resilience of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) – which form an important segment in a society – to flood risk, has emerged as an important issue. However, SMEs often tend to underestimate the risk of flooding which tends to have a low priority in their business agenda. The purpose of this paper is to undertake an investigation of adaptation to the risk of flooding considering community‐level measures, individual‐level property protection, and business continuity and resilience measures.Design/methodology/approachA total of four short case studies were conducted among SMEs to identify their response to flood risk, and what measures have been undertaken to manage the risk of flooding.FindingsIt was observed that SMEs have implemented different property‐level protection measures and generic business continuity/risk management measures, based on their requirements, to achieve a desired level of protection.Practical implicationsSMEs are likely to positively respond to property‐level adaptation following a post‐flood situation. It is important that information such as costs/benefits of such measures and different options available are made accessible to SMEs affected by a flood event.Social implicationsImplementation of property‐level adaptation measures will contribute towards the long term adaptation of the existing building stock to changing climatic conditions.Originality/valueThe paper contributes towards policy making on flood risk adaptation and SME decision making, and informs policy makers and practitioners.