bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cells phenotype and bioenergetic measures in CD4+ T cells differ between high and low feed efficient dairy cows
Authors: Arshad Usman , Kennedy Katherine M. , Cid de la Paz Malena , Kendall Sophia J. , Cangiano Lautaro R. , White Heather M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentifying sources of variance that contribute to residual feed intake (RFI) can aid in improving feed efficiency. The objectives of this study were to investigate immune cells phenotype and bioenergetic measures in CD4+ T cells in low feed efficient (LE) and high feed efficient (HE) dairy cows. Sixty-four Holstein cows were enrolled at 93 ± 22 days in milk (DIM) and monitored for 7 weeks to measure RFI. Cows with the highest RFI (LE; n = 14) or lowest RFI (HE; n = 14) were selected to determine immune cells phenotype using flow cytometry. Blood was sampled in the same LE and HE cows at 234 ± 22 DIM to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by magnetic separation of CD4+ T lymphocytes using bovine specific monoclonal antibodies. The metabolic function of isolated CD4+ T lymphocytes was evaluated under resting and activated states. An increased expression of CD62L+ cells within CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD21+ B lymphocytes was observed in HE cows compared to LE cows. CD4+ T lymphocytes of HE cows exhibited an increased mitochondrial and glycolytic activity in resting and activated states compared to LE cows. These data suggest that immune cells in HE cows exhibit an increased metabolic function, which might influence nutrient partitioning and utilization and serve as a source of variation in feed efficiency that warrants future investigation.
Mice integrate conspecific and contextual information in forming social episodic-like memories under spontaneous recognition task conditions
Authors: Ross T. W. , Poulter S. L. , Lever C. , Easton A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ability to remember unique past events (episodic memory) may be an evolutionarily conserved function, with accumulating evidence of episodic-(like) memory processing in rodents. In humans, it likely contributes to successful complex social networking. Rodents, arguably the most used laboratory models, are also rather social animals. However, many behavioural paradigms are devoid of sociality, and commonly-used social spontaneous recognition tasks (SRTs) are open to non-episodic strategies based upon familiarity. We address this gap by developing new SRT variants. Here, in object-in-context SRTs, we asked if context could be specified by the presence/absence of either a conspecific (experiment 1) or an additional local object (experiment 2). We show that mice readily used the conspecific as contextual information to distinguish unique episodes in memory. In contrast, no coherent behavioural response emerged when an additional object was used as a potential context specifier. Further, in a new social conspecific-in-context SRT (experiment 3) where environment-based change was the context specifier, mice preferably explored a more recently-seen familiar conspecific associated with contextual mismatch, over a less recently-seen familiar conspecific presented in the same context. The results argue that, in incidental SRT conditions, mice readily incorporate conspecific cue information into episodic-like memory. Thus, the tasks offer different ways to assess and further understand the mechanisms at work in social episodic-like memory processing.
Application of Newton’s polynomial interpolation scheme for variable order fractional derivative with power-law kernel
Authors: Naveen S , Parthiban V 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper, offers a new method for simulating variable-order fractional differential operators with numerous types of fractional derivatives, such as the Caputo derivative, the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative, the Atangana–Baleanu fractal and fractional derivative, and the Atangana–Baleanu Caputo derivative via power-law kernels. Modeling chaotical systems and nonlinear fractional differential equations can be accomplished with the utilization of variable-order differential operators. The computational structures are based on the fractional calculus and Newton’s polynomial interpolation. These methods are applied to different variable-order fractional derivatives for Wang–Sun, Rucklidge, and Rikitake systems. We illustrate this novel approach’s significance and effectiveness through numerical examples.
Moderate aerobic training enhances the effectiveness of insulin therapy through hypothalamic IGF1 signaling in rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Radfar Forough , Shahbazi Mehdi , Tahmasebi Boroujeni Shahzad , Arab Ameri Elahe , Farahmandfar Maryam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that is connected with a decline in a person's memory as well as their cognitive ability. One of the key topics of AD research has been the exploration of metabolic causes. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and intranasal insulin on learning and memory impairment and the expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 in hypothalamus. The animals were put into 9 groups at random. In this study, we examined the impact of insulin on spatial memory in male Wistar rats and analyzed the effects of a 4-week pretreatment of moderate treadmill exercise and insulin on the mechanisms of improved hypothalamic glucose metabolism through changes in gene and protein expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4. We discovered that rat given Aβ25–35 had impaired spatial learning and memory, which was accompanied by higher levels of Aβ plaque burden in the hippocampus and lower levels of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus. Additionally, the administration of exercise training and intranasal insulin results in the enhancement of spatial learning and memory impairments, the reduction of plaque burden in the hippocampus, and the enhancement of the expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 in the hypothalamus of rats that were treated with Aβ25–35. Our results show that the improvement of learning and spatial memory due to the improvement of metabolism and upregulation of the IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 pathways can be affected by pretreatment exercise and intranasal insulin.
PRDM6 promotes medulloblastoma by repressing chromatin accessibility and altering gene expression
Authors: Schmidt Christin , Cohen Sarah , Gudenas Brian L. , Husain Sarah , Carlson Annika , Westelman Samantha , Wang Linyu , Phillips Joanna J. , Northcott Paul A. , Weiss William A. , Schwer Bjoern 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSNCAIP duplication may promote Group 4 medulloblastoma via induction of PRDM6, a poorly characterized member of the PRDF1 and RIZ1 homology domain-containing (PRDM) family of transcription factors. Here, we investigated the function of PRDM6 in human hindbrain neuroepithelial stem cells and tested PRDM6 as a driver of Group 4 medulloblastoma. We report that human PRDM6 localizes predominantly to the nucleus, where it causes widespread repression of chromatin accessibility and complex alterations of gene expression patterns. Genome-wide mapping of PRDM6 binding reveals that PRDM6 binds to chromatin regions marked by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation that are located within, or proximal to, genes. Moreover, we show that PRDM6 expression in neuroepithelial stem cells promotes medulloblastoma. Surprisingly, medulloblastomas derived from PRDM6-expressing neuroepithelial stem cells match human Group 3, but not Group 4, medulloblastoma. We conclude that PRDM6 expression has oncogenic potential but is insufficient to drive Group 4 medulloblastoma from neuroepithelial stem cells. We propose that both PRDM6 and additional factors, such as specific cell-of-origin features, are required for Group 4 medulloblastoma. Given the lack of PRDM6 expression in normal tissues and its oncogenic potential shown here, we suggest that PRDM6 inhibition may have therapeutic value in PRDM6-expressing medulloblastomas.
Modulated turbulent convection: a benchmark model for large scale natural flows driven by diurnal heating
Authors: Urban Pavel , Králík Tomáš , Musilová Věra , Skrbek Ladislav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur life is strongly affected by turbulent convective flows, driven by time-dependent thermal forcing, especially diurnal heating of the Earth’s surface by the Sun. In a laboratory experiment, we investigate their analogues: We study complex and extraordinary properties of turbulent buoyancy driven flows generated due to periodic modulation of the temperature of the plates of a Rayleigh–Bénard cell, with amplitudes both smaller and larger than either the positive or negative mean temperature difference between the top and bottom. We probe the turbulent flow of our working fluid – cryogenic helium gas – using temperature sensors placed in the cell interior and embedded in its plates. We discuss spatial and temporal structure of the heat flow, generalize validity of Nusselt versus Rayleigh number scaling Nu $$\propto$$
∝
Ra$$^\gamma$$

γ

with $$\gamma \approx {1/3}$$

γ
≈

1
/
3

at very high Ra for modulated convection and argue that this system represents a benchmark model which helps us understand the energy budget of ocean currents or weather formation on Earth subject to diurnal Sun heating as well as similar natural flows on Earth-like planets.
Wild rodents seed choice is relevant for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Peng Yang , Hu Zhenbang , Dong Wen , Wu Xiaodong , Liu Chunyan , Zhu Rongsheng , Wang Jinhui , Yang Mingliang , Qi Zhaoming , Zhao Ying , Zou Jianan , Wu Xiaoxia , Bi Yingdong , Hu Limin , Ratet Pascal , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMitigating pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and post-harvest food loss (PHFL) is essential for enhancing food securrity. To reduce food loss, the use of plant derived specialized metabolites can represent a good approach to develop a more eco-friendly agriculture. Here, we have discovered that soybean seeds hidden underground during winter by Tscherskia triton and Apodemus agrarius during winter possess a higher concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to those remaining exposed in fields. This selection by rodents suggests that among the identified volatiles, 3-FurAldehyde (Fur) and (E)-2-Heptenal (eHep) effectively inhibit the growth of plant pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani and Pseudomonas syringae. Additionally, compounds such as Camphene (Cam), 3-FurAldehyde, and (E)-2-Heptenal, suppress the germination of seeds in crops including soybean, rice, maize, and wheat. Importantly, some of these VOCs also prevent rice seeds from pre-harvest sprouting. Consequently, our findings offer straightforward and practical approaches to seed protection and the reduction of PHS and PHFL, indicating potential new pathways for breeding, and reducing both PHS and pesticide usage in agriculture.
Development of implantable electrode based on bioresorbable Mg alloy for tissue welding application
Authors: Mao Lin , Han Zhengyi , Xing Xupo , Hu Zhongxin , She Langlang , Song Chengli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn implantable electrode based on bioresorbable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy was developed for next-generation radiofrequency (RF) tissue welding application, aiming to reduce thermal damage and enhance anastomotic strength. The Mg alloy electrode was designed with different structural features of cylindrical surface (CS) and continuous long ring (LR) in the welding area, and the electrothermal simulations were studied by finite element analysis (FEA). Meanwhile, the temperature variation during tissue welding was monitored and the anastomotic strength of welded tissue was assessed by measuring the avulsion force and burst pressure. FEA results showed that the mean temperature in the welding area and the proportion of necrotic tissue were significantly reduced when applying an alternating current of 110 V for 10 s to the LR electrode. In the experiment of tissue welding ex vivo, the maximum and mean temperatures of tissues welded by the LR electrode were also significantly reduced and the anastomotic strength of welded tissue could be obviously improved. Overall, an ideal welding temperature and anastomotic strength which meet the clinical requirement can be obtained after applying the LR electrode, suggesting that Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy with optimal structure design shows great potential to develop implantable electrode for next-generation RF tissue welding application.
Highly purified hypochlorous acid water facilitates glucose metabolism and memory formation in type 2 diabetic mice associated with altered-gut microbiota
Authors: Watanabe Kazuki , Maruyama Yusuke , Mikami Risako , Komatsu Keiji , Kikuchi Kenji , Hotta Kunimoto , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Hattori Atsuhiko , Arakawa Shinichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an endogenous oxidant and chlorinating agent in mammals that is effective against a broad range of microorganisms. However, the effects of exogenous HOCl on biological processes have not been reported. In this study, the effects of highly purified slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water (HP-HAW) were investigated. After the safety of oral administration of HP-HAW was confirmed, the effects of HP-HAW on glucose homeostasis were assessed in mice. HP-HAW treatment significantly improved blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic condition. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, HP-HAW treatment significantly increased the diversity and changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of genus Romboutsia in mice fed normal chow. In obese mice, HP-HAW administration tended to improve glucose tolerance. HP-HAW also attenuated memory impairments and changes N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mRNA expression in obese mice. HP-HAW treatment suppressed Il-6 mRNA expression in the hippocampus in type 2 diabetic mice. Overall, these results support HP-HAW as a potential therapeutic agent to improve or prevent glucose tolerance and memory decline via gut microbiota alteration.
Two-dimensional high-throughput on-cell screening of immunoglobulins against broad antigen repertoires
Authors: Lomakin Yakov A. , Ovchinnikova Leyla A. , Terekhov Stanislav S. , Dzhelad Samir S. , Yaroshevich Igor , Mamedov Ilgar , Smirnova Anastasia , Grigoreva Tatiana , Eliseev Igor E. , Filimonova Ioanna N. , Mokrushina Yuliana A. , Abrikosova Victoria , Rubtsova Maria P. , Kostin Nikita N. , Simonova Maria A. , Bobik Tatiana V. , Aleshenko Natalia L. , Alekhin Alexander I. , Boitsov Vitali M. , Zhang Hongkai , Smirnov Ivan V. , Rubtsov Yuri P. , Gabibov Alexander G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentifying high-affinity antibodies in human serum is challenging due to extremely low number of circulating B cells specific to the desired antigens. Delays caused by a lack of information on the immunogenic proteins of viral origin hamper the development of therapeutic antibodies. We propose an efficient approach allowing for enrichment of high-affinity antibodies against pathogen proteins with simultaneous epitope mapping, even in the absence of structural information about the pathogenic immunogens. To screen therapeutic antibodies from blood of recovered donors, only pathogen transcriptome is required to design an antigen polypeptide library, representing pathogen proteins, exposed on the bacteriophage surface. We developed a two-dimensional screening approach enriching lentiviral immunoglobulin libraries from the convalescent or vaccinated donors against bacteriophage library expressing the overlapping set of polypeptides covering the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is suitable for pathogen-specific immunoglobulin enrichment and allows high-throughput selection of therapeutic human antibodies.
LRIG1 controls proliferation of adult neural stem cells by facilitating TGFβ and BMP signalling pathways
Authors: Ouzikov Stephanie , Edwards Kyshona M. , Anandampillai Tanvi , Watanabe Samuel , Lozano Casasbuenas Daniela , Siu Karen K. , Harkins Danyon , Dou Aaron , Jeong Danielle , Lee Jeffrey E. , Yuzwa Scott A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) are largely quiescent. Here, we characterize the mechanism underlying the functional role of a cell-signalling inhibitory protein, LRIG1, in the control of aNSCs proliferation. Using Lrig1 knockout models, we show that Lrig1 ablation results in increased aNSCs proliferation with no change in neuronal progeny and that this hyperproliferation likely does not result solely from activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Loss of LRIG1, however, also leads to impaired activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling. Biochemically, we show that LRIG1 binds TGFβ/BMP receptors and the TGFβ1 ligand. Finally, we show that the consequences of these interactions are to facilitate SMAD phosphorylation. Collectively, these data suggest that unlike in embryonic NSCs where EGFR may be the primary mechanism of action, in aNSCs, LRIG1 and TGFβ pathways function together to fulfill their inhibitory roles.
Heritability of functional gradients in the human subcortico-cortical connectivity
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Xue Mufan , Li Jinlong , Li Xuesong , Cui Zaixu , Gao Jia-Hong , Yang Guoyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human subcortex plays a pivotal role in cognition and is widely implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. However, the heritability of functional gradients based on subcortico-cortical functional connectivity remains elusive. Here, leveraging twin functional MRI (fMRI) data from both the Human Connectome Project (n = 1023) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 936) datasets, we construct large-scale subcortical functional gradients and delineate an increased principal functional gradient pattern from unimodal sensory/motor networks to transmodal association networks. We observed that this principal functional gradient is heritable, and the strength of heritability exhibits a heterogeneous pattern along a hierarchical unimodal-transmodal axis in subcortex for both young adults and children. Furthermore, employing a machine learning framework, we show that this heterogeneous pattern of the principal functional gradient in subcortex can accurately discern the relationship between monozygotic twin pairs and dizygotic twin pairs with an accuracy of 76.2% (P < 0.001). The heritability of functional gradients is associated with the anatomical myelin proxied by MRI-derived T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) ratio mapping in subcortex. This study provides new insights into the biological basis of subcortical functional hierarchy by revealing the structural and genetic properties of the subcortical functional gradients.
Inferring entropy production from time-dependent moments
Authors: Singh Prashant , Proesmans Karel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeasuring entropy production of a system directly from the experimental data is highly desirable since it gives a quantifiable measure of the time-irreversibility for non-equilibrium systems and can be used as a cost function to optimize the performance of the system. Although numerous methods are available to infer the entropy production of stationary systems, there are only a limited number of methods that have been proposed for time-dependent systems and, to the best of our knowledge, none of these methods have been applied to experimental systems. Herein, we develop a general non-invasive methodology to infer a lower bound on the mean total entropy production for arbitrary time-dependent continuous-state Markov systems in terms of the moments of the underlying state variables. The method gives quite accurate estimates for the entropy production, both for theoretical toy models and for experimental bit erasure, even with a very limited amount of experimental data.
Decay-protected superconducting qubit with fast control enabled by integrated on-chip filters
Authors: Sah Aashish , Kundu Suman , Suominen Heikki , Chen Qiming , Möttönen Mikko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAchieving fast gates and long coherence times for superconducting qubits presents challenges, typically requiring either a stronger coupling of the drive line or an excessively strong microwave signal to the qubit. To address this, we introduce on-chip filters of the qubit drive exhibiting a stopband at the qubit frequency, thus enabling long coherence times and strong coupling at the subharmonic frequency, facilitating fast single-qubit gates, and reduced thermal load. The filters exhibit an extrinsic relaxation time of a few seconds while enabling sub-10-ns gates with subharmonic control. Here we show up to 200-fold improvement in the measured relaxation time at the stopband. Furthermore, we implement subharmonic driving of Rabi oscillations with a π pulse duration of 12 ns. Our demonstration of on-chip filters and efficient subharmonic driving in a two-dimensional quantum processor paves the way for a scalable qubit architecture with reduced thermal load and noise from the control line.
Modelling volumetric growth of emerging urban areas around new transit stations
Authors: Karmarkar Omkar Deepak , Jana Arnab , Velaga Nagendra Rao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCities in developing countries are fast transforming from area-based expansion, representing spatial growth, to volumetric expansion, representing a higher skyline. Existing urban growth prediction models predict only spatial or two-dimensional growth. This paper demonstrates a volumetric urban growth model, incorporating the vertical expansion of urban areas. Two separate models were calibrated for spatial and built-up height growth, using historical growth patterns of transit-triggered new town development in India. The models were applied to upcoming transit station areas in India to predict the volumetric urban expansion for the next twenty years.
Transducer Variability in Speech-in-Noise Testing: Considerations Related to Stimulus Bandwidth
Authors: Brungart Douglas S. , Davidson Alyssa J. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Clinical audiologists typically assume that headphones and insert phones will produce comparable results when they are used to conduct speech-in-noise or other audiological tests; however, this may not always be the case. Here, we show that there are significant differences in the scores that previous studies have reported for headphone and insert-phone transducers on the Words-in-Noise (WIN) Test, and discuss the possibility that the variations in high-frequency output that are allowable under the speech source specifications of American National Standards Institute S3.6 might be contributing to transducer-dependent differences in performance for the WIN and other tests that are presented through the auxiliary input channels of clinical audiometers.

Method:
A literature review was conducted to identify articles that reported WIN Test results for both listeners with normal hearing and with hearing impairment and specified the type of transducer (insert or TDH-50) used for the data collection.

Results:
Among the 19 included studies, participants with normal hearing using inserts exhibited systematically worse WIN Test scores compared to those using TDH-50 headphones, while participants with hearing loss showed comparable average scores across transducer types.

Conclusions:
The results highlight the importance of considering transducer type when interpreting WIN Test outcomes, particularly when comparing to normative scores obtained from individuals with normal hearing. Although further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving differences in test performance across transducer types, these findings underscore the need for standardized test administration protocols and careful documentation of transducer type when administering speech-in-noise tests for clinical or research applications.