bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prévalence de l’adénocarcinome de la jonction œso-gastrique à travers une étude marocaine
Authors: Amrani Laïla , Saké Khadidjatou , Kabbaj Nawal , Serraj Ilham , Salihoun Mouna , Chaoui Zakia , Nya Mohamed , Acharki Mohamed , Amrani Naïma 
Published: December 2012

L’adénocarcinome de la jonction œsogastrique est une entité récente. Sa fréquence augmente dans le monde surtout occidental. Le but de cette étude marocaine est d’évaluer la prévalence de l’adénocarcinome de la jonction œso-gastrique et d’étudier les caractéristiques cliniques et pathologiques des patients. Patients et méthodes : Tous les patients ayant un adénocarcinome de la jonction oesogastrique, vu entre décembre 2005 et décembre 2011 étaient inclus. L’aspect endoscopique était décrit selon la classification de Siewert. Le diagnostic était posé sur l’étude anatomopathologique des biopsies réalisées. Etaient exclus de l’étude, tous les patients ayant un carcinome épidermoïde de l’œsophage. Résultats : 41 patients (0,26 %) sur les 15 387 ayant bénéficié d’une endoscopie digestive haute, étaient inclus. L’âge moyen de ces patients était de 58,9 ans ± 15,2 et 85,4 % étaient de sexe masculin. Les manifestations cliniques rapportées étaient : de la dysphagie chez 95,1 % des patients, un amaigrissement chez 85,4 % des patients, des épigastralgies chez 24,4 % des patients, une anémie chez 17,1 % des patients, des vomissements chez 14,6 % des patients, une hématémèse chez 12,2 % des patients et des douleurs thoraciques chez 4,9 % des patients. 27 patients (65,8 %) présentaient le type I de Siewert, 9 patients (22 %) le type II, et 5 patients (12,2 %) le type III. Conclusion : La prévalence de l’adénocarcinome de la jonction oeso-gastrique reste faible dans notre contexte. Ce cancer se voit chez le sujet de sexe masculin. Le type I de Siewert est le plus fréquent, suivi du type II.
Democratic/Utopian Education
Authors: Sabia Dan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article offers a conception of democratic education and an account of how that conception should inform our understanding of formal education for public schools. The goals of a democratic education are best secured by participating in self-government, as advocates of participatory democracy have always claimed. Broadly stated, those goals include encouraging and equipping individuals to become committed, self-governing, democratic citizens. More specifically, individuals gain through democratic participation political information and knowledge and, arguably, the skills, virtues, and normative commitments of democratic citizens. This conception of democratic education suggests in turn the desirability of what is here termed the democratic community school, in which students participate in the governance and pedagogy of their schools, the school and the local community it most directly serves become in various ways integrated, and the curriculum is politicized so as to advance democratic values and aspirations. The article concludes by identifying some of the key difficulties and obstacles that make the democratic school so difficult to achieve but also provides reasons for believing that working toward the utopian ideal of democratic schools is practically as well as normatively worthwhile.
“Life and the Dream”: Utopian Impulses Within the Irish Language Revival
Authors: Congáil Ríona Nic 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to examine the utopian impulses and constructions within the Irish-language social movement known as the Gaelic League, a movement that formed the nucleus of mass Irish cultural nationalism at the fin de siècle. It will determine the influence of utopian thought and action upon the social and political direction of Irish society in the early twentieth century. The conflicts between the Gaelic League's romanticization of all things Irish and the reality it faced will be highlighted, as will the fault lines that existed within its approach to achieving its vision for Ireland's future.
Flight Forward: The World of Ernst Jünger's Worker
Authors: Bullock Marcus Paul 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Weimar period in Germany produced speculative forms of political discourse that need to be read in their full radicalism rather than as alternatives to the forms of government to which we, living in a different history, restrict the meaning of politics. Walter Benjamin provides a model for this expansion of our ideas—there is no parliamentary version of the revolutionary work he imagines. Even though Benjamin himself wrote in exceedingly hostile terms about Ernst Jünger, unexpected similarities in their writing, and in their common opposition to bourgeois stasis in human development, may help to sharpen our understanding of both.
Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors for Organic and Printed Electronics
Authors: Kim Se Hyun , Hong Kihyon , Xie Wei , Lee Keun Hyung , Zhang Sipei , Lodge Timothy P. , Frisbie C. Daniel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHere we summarize recent progress in the development of electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) for organic and printed electronics. EGTs employ a high capacitance electrolyte as the gate insulator; the high capacitance increases drive current, lowers operating voltages, and enables new transistor architectures. Although the use of electrolytes in electronics is an old concept going back to the early days of the silicon transistor, new printable, fast‐response polymer electrolytes are expanding the potential applications of EGTs in flexible, printed digital circuits, rollable displays, and conformal bioelectronic sensors. This report introduces the structure and operation mechanisms of EGTs and reviews key developments in electrolyte materials for use in printed electronics. The bulk of the article is devoted to electrical characterization of EGTs and emerging applications.
One Hundred Years of Vitamins—A Success Story of the Natural Sciences
Authors: Eggersdorfer Manfred , Laudert Dietmar , Létinois Ulla , McClymont Tom , Medlock Jonathan , Netscher Thomas , Bonrath Werner 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe discovery of vitamins as essential factors in the diet was a scientific breakthrough that changed the world. Diseases such as scurvy, rickets, beriberi, and pellagra were recognized to be curable with an adequate diet. These diseases had been prevalent for thousands of years and had a dramatic impact on societies as well as on economic development. This Review highlights the key achievements in the development of industrial processes for the manufacture of eight of the 13 vitamins.
Exhaled volatile organic compounds identify patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Altomare D F , Di Lena M , Porcelli F , Trizio L , Travaglio E , Tutino M , Dragonieri S , Memeo V , de Gennaro G 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
An effective screening tool for colorectal cancer is still lacking. Analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked to cancer is a new frontier in cancer screening, as tumour growth involves several metabolic changes leading to the production of specific compounds that can be detected in exhaled breath. This study investigated whether patients with colorectal cancer have a specific VOC pattern compared with the healthy population.

Methods
Exhaled breath was collected in an inert bag (Tedlar®) from patients with colorectal cancer and healthy controls (negative at colonoscopy), and processed offline by thermal-desorber gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to evaluate the VOC profile. During the trial phase VOCs of interest were identified and selected, and VOC patterns able to discriminate patients from controls were set up; in the validation phase their discriminant performance was tested on blinded samples. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) validated by the leave-one-out method was used to identify the pattern of VOCs that better discriminated between the two groups.

Results
Some 37 patients and 41 controls were included in the trial phase. Application of a PNN to a pattern of 15 compounds showed a discriminant performance with a sensitivity of 86 per cent, a specificity of 83 per cent and an accuracy of 85 per cent (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0·852). The accuracy of PNN analysis was confirmed in the validation phase on a further 25 subjects; the model correctly assigned 19 patients, giving an overall accuracy of 76 per cent.

Conclusion
The pattern of VOCs in patients with colorectal cancer was different from that in healthy controls. The PNN in this study was able to discriminate patients with colorectal cancer with an accuracy of over 75 per cent. Breath VOC analysis appears to have potential clinical application in colorectal cancer screening, although further studies are required to confirm its reliability in heterogeneous clinical settings.
Principles, effectiveness and caveats in screening for cancer
Authors: Bretthauer M , Kalager M 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Cancer screening has the potential to prevent or reduce incidence and mortality of the target disease, but may also be harmful and have unwanted side-effects.

Methods
This review explains the basic principles of cancer screening, common pitfalls in evaluation of effectiveness and harms of screening, and summarizes the evidence for effects and harms of the most commonly used cancer screening tools.

Results
Cancer screening has either been established or is considered for breast, lung, prostate, cervical and colorectal cancer. In contrast, screening for gastrointestinal malignancies outside the large bowel is not generally accepted, available or implemented. Oesophageal and gastric carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma, may be subject to screening in certain risk populations, but currently not for population screening based on available technology. Screening for colorectal cancer and cervical cancer by endoscopy and cytology respectively can decrease incidence of the target disease, whereas screening tools for lung, prostate and breast cancer detect early-stage invasive disease and thus do not decrease disease incidence. Overdiagnosis (detection of cancers that will not have become clinically apparent in the absence of screening) is a challenge in lung, prostate and breast cancer screening. The improvement of quality of clinical practice following the introduction of cancer screening programmes is an appreciated ‘side-effect’, but it is important to disentangle the effect of screening on cancer incidence and mortality from that of quality improvement of clinical services. As new, powerful screening tests emerge—particularly in molecular and genetic fields, but also in radiology and other clinical diagnostics–the basic requirements for screening evaluation and implementation must be borne in mind.

Conclusion
Cancer screening has been established for several cancer forms in Europe. The potential for incidence and mortality reduction is good, but harms do exist that need to be addressed, and communicated to the public.
The role of human papillomavirus type 16/18 genotyping in predicting high‐grade cervical/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm in women with mildly abnormal Papanicolaou results
Authors: Guo Ming , Gong Yun , Wang Jianping , Dawlett Marilyn , Patel Shobha , Liu Ping , Bevers Therese B. , Sneige Nour 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors compared the predictive value of type 16 and/or 18 human papillomavirus (HPV) versus non‐16/18 HPV types for high‐grade (grade ≥2) cervical neoplasm/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm and carcinoma (CIN/VAIN2+) in women with mildly abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) results (ie, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or low‐grade squamous epithelial lesion [LSIL]).METHODS:The authors retrospectively selected Pap specimens with HPV testing results obtained from 243 women (155 with ASCUS and 88 with LSIL Pap results) in their Department of Pathology. HPV genotyping was performed using the EasyChip HPV blot assay. The Pap specimens with HPV16/18 and non‐16/18 HPV types were compared with follow‐up biopsy results. Follow‐up duration ranged from 1 month to 58 months (mean, 26 months).RESULTS:In total, 58 of 155 specimens (37%) that had ASCUS and 29 of 88 specimens (33%) that had LSIL were positive for HPV16/18. CIN/VAIN2+ biopsies were identified in 43 of 155 women (28%) with ASCUS and in 28 of 88 women (32%) with LSIL. Women with ASCUS and HPV16/18 had a significantly higher rate (43%) of CIN/VAIN2+ than women with ASCUS and non‐16/18 HPV types (19%; P = .003; odds ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.48‐6.53). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of CIN/VAIN2+ between women who had LSIL and HPV16/18 (45%) and those who had LSIL and non‐16/18 HPV types (29%; P = .16; odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐4.97).CONCLUSIONS:HPV genotyping for HPV16/18 improved risk assessment for women with ASCUS Pap results and may be used to predict the risk of CIN/VAIN2+ to better guide follow‐up management. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Protein Compositional Analysis of the Eggs of Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus): Implications for the Understanding of Egg Toxicity
Authors: Li Jianjun , Liu Hui , Duan Zhigui , Cao Rui , Wang Xianchun , Liang Songping 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious work found that high‐molecular‐weight fractions in the egg extract of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus exhibited strong toxicities. For investigating the possible relationship of proteins in the eggs with the toxic effect, the protein composition of the eggs was analyzed using proteomic strategies and compared with that of the spider's venom. SDS‐PAGE showed that the proteins of eggs were primarily distributed in the molecular weight range of higher than 55 kDa as well as around 34 kDa, having high abundance proteins with molecular weights of about 60 kDa and 130 kDa. A total of 157 proteins were identified from the egg extract, which were involved in important cellular functions and processes including catalysis, transport, and metabolism regulation. Comparison indicated that the protein composition of eggs is more complex than that of venom, and there are few similarities between the protein composition of the two materials, demonstrating that the eggs have their own distinct toxic mechanism. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 26:510‐515, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21460
The glucocerobrosidase E326K variant predisposes to Parkinson's disease, but does not cause Gaucher's disease
Authors: Duran Raquel , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Angeli Aikaterini V. , Shoai Maryam , Deas Emma , Houlden Henry , Mehta Atul , Hughes Derralynn , Cox Timothy M. , Deegan Patrick , Schapira Anthony H. , Lees Andrew J. , Limousin Patricia , Jarman Paul R. , Bhatia Kailash P. , Wood Nicholas W. , Hardy John , Foltynie Tom 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundHeterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in the acid beta‐glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene, responsible for the recessive lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher's disease (GD), are the strongest known risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to assess the contribution of GBA1 mutations in a series of early‐onset PD.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐five PD patients (with an onset age of ≤50) and 283 age‐matched controls were screened for GBA1 mutations by Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe show that the frequency of GBA1 mutations is much higher in this patient series than in typical late‐onset patient cohorts. Furthermore, our results reveal that the most prevalent PD‐associated GBA1 mutation is E326K, a variant that does not, when homozygous, cause GD.ConclusionsOur results confirm recent reports that the mutation, E326K, predisposes to PD and suggest that, in addition to reduced GBA1 activity, other molecular mechanisms may contribute to the development of the disease. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Characterizing the Global Burden of Surgical Disease: A Method to Estimate Inguinal Hernia Epidemiology in Ghana
Authors: Beard Jessica H. , Oresanya Lawrence B. , Ohene‐Yeboah Michael , Dicker Rochelle A. , Harris Hobart W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurgical conditions represent an immense yet underrecognized source of disease burden globally. Characterizing the burden of surgical disease has been defined as a priority research agenda in global surgery. Little is known about the epidemiology of inguinal hernia, a common easily treatable surgical condition, in resource‐poor settings.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey prospective cohort study of inguinal hernia, we created a method to estimate hernia epidemiology in Ghana. We calculated inguinal hernia incidence and prevalence using Ghanaian demographic data and projected hernia prevalence under three surgical rate and hernia incidence scenarios. Disability adjusted life‐years (DALYs) associated with inguinal hernia along with costs for surgical repair were estimated.ResultsAccording to this approach, the prevalence of inguinal hernia in the Ghanaian general population is 3.15 % (range 2.79–3.50 %). Symptomatic hernias number 530,082 (range 469,501–588,980). The annual incidence of symptomatic hernias is 210 (range 186–233) per 100,000 population. At the estimated Ghanaian hernia repair rate of 30 per 100,000, a backlog of 1 million hernias in need of repair develop over 10 years. The cost of repairing all symptomatic hernias in Ghana is estimated at US$53 million, and US$106 million would be required to eliminate hernias over a 10‐year period. Nearly 5 million DALYs would be averted with the repair of prevalent cases of symptomatic hernia in Ghana.ConclusionsData generated by our method indicate the extent to which Ghana lacks the surgical capacity to address its significant inguinal hernia disease burden. This approach provides a simple framework for calculating inguinal hernia epidemiology in resource‐poor settings that may be used for advocacy and program planning in multiple country contexts.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and acceptability of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating major depression
Authors: Berlim M. T. , Van den Eynde F. , Daskalakis Z. J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundBilateral repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising novel therapeutic intervention for major depression (MD). However, clinical trials to date have reported conflicting evidence concerning its overall efficacy, which might have resulted from low statistical power. Thus, meta-analytical approaches could be useful in examining this issue by allowing the integration of findings from multiple studies and thus producing more accurate estimates of the treatment effect.MethodWe searched the literature for randomized, double-blind and sham-controlled trials (RCTs) on bilateral rTMS for treating MD from 1995 to July 2012 using EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and from October 2008 until May 2012 using Medline. The main outcome measures were response and remission rates. We used a random-effects model, odds ratios (ORs) and the number needed to treat.ResultsData were obtained from seven RCTs, totaling 279 subjects with MD. After an average of 12.9 (s.d. = 2.7) sessions, 24.7% (40/162) and 6.8% (8/117) of subjects receiving active bilateral rTMS and sham rTMS were classified as responders [OR 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95–9.52,p < 0.0001]. Also, 19% (23/121) and 2.6% (2/77) of subjects were remitters following active bilateral rTMS and sham rTMS, respectively (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.65–21.8,p = 0.006). No difference between baseline mean depression scores for the bilateral and sham rTMS groups was found, and the former was comparable with the latter in terms of drop-out rates at study end. Furthermore, we did not find significant differences efficacy- and acceptability-wise between active bilateral and unilateral rTMS at study end. Finally, heterogeneity between the included RCTs was not significant, and the risk of publication bias was found to be low.ConclusionsBilateral rTMS is a promising treatment for MD as it provides clinically meaningful benefits that are comparable with those of standard antidepressants and unilateral rTMS. Furthermore, bilateral rTMS seems to be an acceptable treatment for depressed subjects.
A systems view on revenge and forgiveness systems
Authors: Wereha Tyler J. , Racine Timothy P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractApplying a non-developmental evolutionary metatheory to understanding the evolution of psychological capacities leads to the creation of models that mischaracterize developmental processes, misattribute genes as the source of developmental information, and ignore the myriad developmental and contextual factors involved in human decision-making. Using an evolutionary systems perspective, we argue that revenge and forgiveness cannot be understood apart from the development of foundational human psychological capacities and the contexts under which they develop.
Non-adjacent dependency learning in infants at familial risk of dyslexia
Authors: KERKHOFF ANNEMARIE , DE BREE ELISE , DE KLERK MAARTJE , WIJNEN FRANK 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis study tests the hypothesis that developmental dyslexia is (partly) caused by a deficit in implicit sequential learning, by investigating whether infants at familial risk of dyslexia can track non-adjacent dependencies in an artificial language. An implicit learning deficit would hinder detection of such dependencies, which mark grammatical relations (e.g. between ‘is’ and ‘-ing’ in ‘she is happily singing’). In a head-turn experiment with infants aged 1;6, family risk and typically developing infants were exposed to one of two novel languages containing dependencies of the type a-X-c, b-X-d or a-X-d, b-X-c, with fixed first and third elements and twenty-four different X elements. During test, typically developing children listened longer to ungrammatical strings (i.e. that did not correspond to their training language). However, family-risk children did not discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical strings, indicating deficient implicit learning. The implications of these findings in relation to dyslexia and other language-based disorders are discussed.
Lexical composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: RESCORLA LESLIE , SAFYER PAIGE 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTFor sixty-seven children with ASD (age 1;6 to 5;11), mean Total Vocabulary score on the Language Development Survey (LDS) was 65·3 words; twenty-two children had no reported words; and twenty-one children had 1–49 words. When matched for vocabulary size, children with ASD and children in the LDS normative sample did not differ in semantic category or word-class scores. Q correlations were large when percentage use scores for the ASD sample were compared with those for samples of typically developing children as well as children with vocabularies <50 words. The 57 words with the highest percentage use scores for the ASD children were primarily nouns, represented a variety of semantic categories, and overlapped substantially with the words having highest percentage use scores in samples of typically developing children as well as children with lexicons of <50 words. Results indicated that the children with ASD were acquiring essentially the same words as typically developing children, suggesting delayed but not deviant lexical composition.
Modeling sediment‐related enterococci loading, transport, and inactivation at an embayed nonpoint source beach
Authors: Feng Zhixuan , Reniers Ad , Haus Brian K. , Solo‐Gabriele Helena M. 
Published: December 2012

Key Points
A coupled microbe‐hydrodynamic‐morphological model has been developed
Tides and waves are fundamental factors to load enterococci from sediment
Bacterial exceedances are likely when local wind waves coincide with high tides