bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Disruptions Are Inevitable—Get READI:
Authors: Harrison Terry P. , Houm P. J. , Thomas Douglas J. , Craighead Christopher W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Companies have increasingly turned to the use of optimization to create value and drive efficiencies in their supply chains. However, this practice also exposes the firm to increased levels of risk stemming from supply chain disruptions which can be quite costly relative to both short- and long-term performance. In response, companies need to build and maintain resilience to combat these disruptive events. Yet managers struggle with how to build resilience and where to focus resiliency enhancements. This article proposes a versatile optimization approach, READI—Resiliency Enhancement Analysis via Deletion (of key supply chain node, flow, or activity) and Insertion (of mitigation strategy), and demonstrates this approach on the supply chain of a major consumer products company. READI can be enlightening relative to both descriptive insights, such as the criticality of supply chain nodes and current levels of network resilience, and prescriptive insights, such as where to implement resiliency enhancements.
An Odorless, One‐Pot Synthesis of Thioesters from Organic Halides, Thiourea and Benzoyl Chlorides in Water
Authors: Lu Guo‐ping , Cai Chun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThioesterification can be realized via an odorless, one‐pot reaction through the in situ generation of S‐alkylisothiouronium salts from organic halides and thiourea in aqueous Triton X‐100 (TX100) micelles. The protocol is free of foul‐smell thiols and organic solvents, and operates under mild conditions, thereby offering considerable potential for applications in organic synthesis.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Trifluoromethyl Ketones
Authors: Luo Renshi , Li Ke , Hu Yuling , Tang Wenjun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new C2‐symmetrical, chiral bisphosphorus ligand proved to be efficient for the rhodium‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of arylboronic acids to trifluoromethyl ketones, providing a series of chiral trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary alcohols in high yields (up to 93%) and excellent enantioselectivities (>99%).
Michael Addition of Ketones and Aldehydes to Maleimides Catalyzed by Modularly Designed Organocatalysts
Authors: Muramulla Savitha , Ma Jun‐An , Zhao John Cong‐Gui 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModularly designed organocatalysts (MDOs) formed in situ from the self‐assembly of primary α‐amino acids and Cinchona alkaloid thioureas were found to be excellent catalysts for the stereoselective Michael addition of enolizable ketones and aldehydes to maleimides. Using an MDO formed from quinidine thiourea and L‐2‐chlorophenylglycine, the corresponding Michael addition products, 3‐substituted succinimides, may be obtained in excellent yields and high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Tandem Isomerization–Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions of γ‐Trifluoromethylated Allylic Alcohols and β‐Trifluoromethylated Enones
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Pannecoucke Xavier , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Cahard Dominique 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ruthenium–2‐propanol combination was found to transform γ‐trifluoromethylated allylic alcohols and β‐trifluoromethylated enones into the corresponding saturated alcohols in excellent yields via a one‐pot tandem process involving isomerization and transfer hydrogenation(s). High stereospecificity was demonstrated and evidence for two mechanistic pathways is provided. The method was applied to a rapid synthesis of trifluoromethylated citronellol.
Iodine(I) Reagents in Hydrochloric Acid‐Catalyzed Oxidative Iodination of Aromatic Compounds by Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodine
Authors: Bedrač Leon , Iskra Jernej 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHydrochloric acid activates the oxidative iodination of aromatic compounds with the iodine‐ hydrogen peroxide system through the formation of an iodine(I) compound as the iodinating reagent. Activation with hydrochloric acid is more powerful than that with sulfuric acid. The formation of dichloroiodic(I) acid (HICl2) with various forms of hydrogen peroxide was followed using UV spectroscopy. The HICl2 was used as the iodinating reagent. In the preparative oxidative iodinaton of various aromatic compounds, hydrochloric acid was used in a catalytic amount and the iodine(I) reagent was formed in situ with 0.5 equiv. hydrogen peroxide and 0.5 equiv. molecular iodine. Two types of reactivity were observed in oxidative iodination with iodine(I) species catalyzed by hydrochloric acid: in the iodination of anisole 1a better yields of iodination were observed with a smaller amount of hydrochloric acid, while on the contrary 4‐tert‐butyltoluene 1b gave better yields of iodination upon increasing the amount of hydrochloric acid. Reactivity was further manipulated by the choice of the solvent (MeCN, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoro‐2‐propanol).
Functionalization of electrospun nanofibers of natural cotton cellulose by cerium dioxide nanoparticles for ultraviolet protection
Authors: Li Chaorong , Shu Shunxin , Chen Rui , Chen Benyong , Dong Wenjun 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTNanofibers of natural cotton cellulose with a degree of polymerization above 10,000 were prepared by electrospinning; they were then functionalized with a rare‐earth nano‐oxide material of cerium dioxide (CeO2) by means of the hydrothermal method to obtain the designated properties. The morphology, structure, and properties of the as‐obtained nanocomposite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometry. The results show that hydrothermally grown CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited a polycrystalline cubic fluorite structure and could be dispersed uniformly on the surface of the cellulose nanofiber. The strong interface and electrostatic interactions between the nanoparticles and nanofibers effectively prevented nanoparticle fall‐off. The modified natural cotton cellulose nanofibers showed excellent protection against UV radiation because of the function of the CeO2 particles. Such cellulose nanocomposite materials could have potential applications in UV protection for data‐storage or memory devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1524–1529, 2013
Characterization of void formation in polyamide 6 under tensile creep in alcohols by using thermoporosimetry
Authors: Sakai Eiichi , Kawagoe Makoto 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe void formation in polyamide 6 under tensile creep in alcohols has been characterized by use of thermoporosimetry. After the specimens were creep‐elongated to a common preset strain of 9% in ethanol, 1‐propanol, 1‐butanol, 1‐hexanol, and 1‐octanol at room temperature, they were soaked in distilled water at 20°C, and then offered to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under cooling. The exothermic peaks indicating the presence of freezable water were detected for all the specimens elongated in alcohols except 1‐octanol. The void size distributions were assessed from the DSC curves by thermoporosimetry. The pores for the ethanol environment showed a wide size distribution from 2.5 to 8.5 nm in radius. The pores for 1‐propanol and 1‐butanol showed narrower distribution from 3 to 4 nm, and those for 1‐hexanol concentrated upon very small size of about 2 nm. The average pore radius was shown to be correlated with the solubility parameter of environmental alcohol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1595–1601, 2013
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in pediatric low‐grade glioma
Authors: Paulino Arnold C. , Mazloom Ali , Terashima Keita , Su Jack , Adesina Adekunle M. , Okcu M. Faith , Teh Bin S. , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate local control and patterns of failure in pediatric patients with low‐grade glioma (LGG) who received treatment with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).METHODSIn total, 39 children received IMRT after incomplete resection or disease progression. Three methods of target delineation were used. The first was to delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV) and add a 1‐cm margin to create the clinical target volume (CTV) (Method 1; n = 19). The second was to add a 0.5‐cm margin around the GTV to create the CTV (Method 2; n = 6). The prescribed dose to the GTV was the same as dose to the CTV for both Methods 1 and 2 (median, 50.4 grays [Gy]). The final method was dose painting, in which a GTV was delineated with a second target volume (2TV) created by adding 1 cm to the GTV (Method 3; n = 14). Different doses were prescribed to the GTV (median, 50.4 Gy) and the 2TV (median, 41.4 Gy).RESULTSThe 8‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates were 78.2% and 93.7%, respectively. Seven failures occurred, all of which were local in the high‐dose (≥95%) region of the IMRT field. On multivariate analysis, age ≤5 years at time of IMRT had a detrimental impact on progression‐free survival.CONCLUSIONSIMRT provided local control rates comparable to those provided by 2‐dimensional and 3‐dimensional radiotherapy. Margins ≥1 cm added to the GTV may not be necessary, because excellent local control was achieved by adding a 0.5‐cm margin (Method 2) and by dose painting (Method 3). Cancer 2013;119:2654–2659. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of hepatic focal lesions using diffusion‐weighted MR imaging: Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient and intravoxel incoherent motion‐derived parameters
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hee , Lee Jeong Min , Yu Mi Hye , Kiefer Berthold , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo determine whether parameters obtained from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)‐diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) using multiple b‐values can improve characterization of common focal liver lesions (FLLs), compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCtotal).Materials and MethodsOur Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and informed consent was waived. In all, 142 patients with 169 FLLs underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including IVIM‐DWI with multiple b factors at 3.0T. ADCtotal and IVIM‐DWI‐derived parameters including true diffusion (Dt), pseudodiffusion (Dp), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated for each lesion and compared using dedicated software.ResultsDt and ADCtotal were significantly lower in malignancies (0.95 ± 0.21, 1.14 ± 0.24, (×10−3 mm2/sec)) than in benign FLLs (1.61 ± 0.34, 1.72 ± 0.37, (×10−3 mm2/sec)). In the differential diagnosis of malignancies from benign lesions, Dt (Az value: 0.971) showed better diagnostic performance than ADCtotal (Az: 0.933) (P < 0.0005). Dt (Az: 0.961) also showed better diagnostic performance than ADCtotal (Az: 0.919) in differentiating hypervascular malignancies from benign hypervascular FLLs (P < 0.0005). In addition, Dp and f were significantly higher in hypervascular FLLs (35.74 ± 20.08 (×10−3 mm2/sec), 28.14 ± 11.82 (%)) than hypovascular FLLs (21.87 ± 13.8 (×10−3 mm2/sec), 12.2 ± 5.92 (%)) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionDt provided better diagnostic performance than ADCtotal in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Dp and f were significant parameters for diagnosing hypervascular FLLs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:276–285. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra‐ and interscan reproducibility using Fourier Analysis of STimulated Echoes (FAST) for the rapid and robust quantification of left ventricular twist
Authors: Reyhan Meral , Kim Hyun J. , Brown Matthew S. , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo assess the intra‐ and interscan reproducibility of LV twist using FAST. Assessing the reproducibility of the measurement of new MRI biomarkers is an important part of validation. Fourier Analysis of STimulated Echoes (FAST) is a new MRI tissue tagging method that has recently been shown to compare favorably with conventional estimates of left ventricular (LV) twist from cardiac tagged images, but with significantly reduced user interaction time.Materials and MethodsHealthy volunteers (N = 10) were scanned twice using FAST over 1 week. On day 1, two measurements of LV twist were collected for intrascan comparisons. Measurements for LV twist were again collected on day 8 for interscan assessment. LV short‐axis tagged images were acquired on a 3 Tesla (T) scanner to ensure detectability of tags during early and mid‐diastole. Peak LV twist is reported as mean ± SD. Reproducibility was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the repeatability coefficient (RC) (95% confidence interval [CI] range).ResultsMean peak twist measurements were 13.4 ± 4.3° (day 1, scan 1), 13.6 ± 3.7° (day 1, scan 2), and 13.0 ± 2.7° (day 8). Bland‐Altman analysis resulted in intra‐ and interscan bias and 95% CI of −0.6° [−1.0°, 1.6°] and 1.4° (−1.0°, 3.0°), respectively. The Bland‐Altman RC for peak LV twist was 2.6° and 4.0° for intra‐ and interscan, respectively. The CCC was 0.9 and 0.6 for peak LV twist for intra‐ and interscan, respectively.ConclusionFAST is a semi‐automated method that provides a quick and quantitative assessment of LV systolic and diastolic twist that demonstrates high intrascan and moderate interscan reproducibility in preliminary studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:463–468. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A sampling approach for predicting the eating quality of apples using visible–near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Martínez Vega Mabel V , Sharifzadeh Sara , Wulfsohn Dvoralai , Skov Thomas , Clemmensen Line Harder , Toldam‐Andersen Torben B 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDVisible–near infrared spectroscopy remains a method of increasing interest as a fast alternative for the evaluation of fruit quality. The success of the method is assumed to be achieved by using large sets of samples to produce robust calibration models. In this study we used representative samples of an early and a late season apple cultivar to evaluate model robustness (in terms of prediction ability and error) on the soluble solids content (SSC) and acidity prediction, in the wavelength range 400–1100 nm.RESULTSA total of 196 middle–early season and 219 late season apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) cvs ‘Aroma’ and ‘Holsteiner Cox’ samples were used to construct spectral models for SSC and acidity. Partial least squares (PLS), ridge regression (RR) and elastic net (EN) models were used to build prediction models. Furthermore, we compared three sub‐sample arrangements for forming training and test sets (‘smooth fractionator’, by date of measurement after harvest and random). Using the ‘smooth fractionator’ sampling method, fewer spectral bands (26) and elastic net resulted in improved performance for SSC models of ‘Aroma’ apples, with a coefficient of variation CVSSC = 13%. The model showed consistently low errors and bias (PLS/EN: R2cal = 0.60/0.60; SEC = 0.88/0.88°Brix; Biascal = 0.00/0.00; R2val = 0.33/0.44; SEP = 1.14/1.03; Biasval = 0.04/0.03). However, the prediction acidity and for SSC (CV = 5%) of the late cultivar ‘Holsteiner Cox’ produced inferior results as compared with ‘Aroma’.CONCLUSIONIt was possible to construct local SSC and acidity calibration models for early season apple cultivars with CVs of SSC and acidity around 10%. The overall model performance of these data sets also depend on the proper selection of training and test sets. The ‘smooth fractionator’ protocol provided an objective method for obtaining training and test sets that capture the existing variability of the fruit samples for construction of visible–NIR prediction models. The implication is that by using such ‘efficient’ sampling methods for obtaining an initial sample of fruit that represents the variability of the population and for sub‐sampling to form training and test sets it should be possible to use relatively small sample sizes to develop spectral predictions of fruit quality. Using feature selection and elastic net appears to improve the SSC model performance in terms of R2, RMSECV and RMSEP for ‘Aroma’ apples. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinically relevant modeling of urodynamics function: The VBN model
Authors: Valentini Françoise A. , Besson Gilbert R. , Nelson Pierre P. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundFor the past two decades, a mathematical model of micturition was built step by step. Fundamental studies, presentations of the model and several applications to various male and female lower urinary tract dysfunctions have been published. We expect now that other teams will be interested in using it. In order to do so, a VBN pack (software in Linux and tutorial) is freely available.AimsThe purpose of this review is to describe the model and to show its practical usefulness.Materials and MethodsAfter a short description of the basis of the model and of how to use it, some published applications were summed up. The main application of the VBN model is to obtain a coherent modelling for a given patient from a set of several recordings (free uroflows and pressure‐flow study) obtained either during the same session or in follow up.ResultsThis experience gradually led us to study what information could be extracted from a free uroflow. In addition, the model is valuable to quickly compute the effect of some additional condition; thus, it can predict the effect of an experimental artefact (urethral catheter, penile cuff).ConclusionBecause the process of fitting model computations and real recordings is a powerful way to detect unexpected phenomena, the use of the VBN model provides a method to improve the knowledge of misunderstood dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:361–366, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A basis for bounding the errors of proper generalised decomposition solutions in solid mechanics
Authors: de Almeida J. P. Moitinho 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents an approach that extends the classical error bounding techniques to parametric models. It departs from appropriate pairs of complementary solutions of a linear elastic problem, obtained using a Proper Generalised Decomposition methodology, to determine approximations of selected local outputs and strict bounds of the error of these approximations. The paper starts by presenting the procedures used to obtain the complementary solutions. The properties, the convergence characteristics of the global error and the determination of an indicator of the error distribution are illustrated for a very simple example. The demonstration of the procedure used for determining local outputs and their bounds, also accompanied by illustrative examples, completes the paper.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved spectroscopy study of donor–acceptor‐type copolymers in a monodisperse system: The effect of ratio between the acceptor and the donor
Authors: Wang Ying‐Hui , Gong Li‐Jing , Dong Wen‐Yue , Lu Ping , Kang Zhi‐Hui , Huang Tian‐Hao , Ma Yu‐Guang , Zhang Han‐Zhuang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe photoexcitation processes of two donor–acceptor‐type copolymers PCFBT with different ratios between the donor and the acceptor (PCFBT0.5 and PCFBT0.1) in the solution system are systematically studied. If the number of the donor is equal to that of the acceptor in one repeat unit (such as PCFBT0.5), intrachain charge transfer (ICT) can occur and participate in the relaxation of the excited state after photoexcitation. When the number of donors is much larger than that of acceptors (such as PCFBT0.1) in one repeat unit, the ICT character can disappear, and the localized exciton decay process is dominant in the relaxation of the copolymer, which also involves an excitation intensity‐independent vibrational thermal relaxation process at the initial time. The results further the understanding of the basic structure‐property relationship. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 992–996
Occurrence and Significance of Odontoid Lateral Mass Interspace Asymmetry in Trauma Patients
Authors: Billmann Franck , Bokor‐Billmann Therezia , Burnett Claude , Kiffner Erhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe odontoid lateral mass interspace (OLMI) is the space between the lateral aspect of the dens axis and the medial circumference of the massa lateralis atlantis. The position of OLMI asymmetry as a normal variant or pathologic finding is an area of debate and clinical interest in trauma patients. We designed this prospective study to lay a framework for proposing strategies for the appropriate use of OLMI.MethodsA total of 301 adult patients admitted for trauma were included. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine were performed and examined for the presence OLMI asymmetry and bony/ligamentous lesions of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex.ResultsHead rotation is linked to the occurrence of OLMI asymmetry. Reliable OLMI asymmetry evaluation is limited by observer agreement under a threshold value of 1.0 mm. In all, 86 patients (28.6 %) were found to have OLMI asymmetry on CT after trauma. Among these patients, 17.4 % had a bony/ligamentous lesion of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex. Among the patients without OLMI asymmetry, 8.8 % were found to have such lesions.ConclusionsOLMI asymmetry should only be investigated by CT scans of the head in optimal position and with the threshold value of 1.0 mm. OLMI asymmetry should not be used alone as a sign of a cervical spine lesion. MRI should be performed if: (1) the physician has a high degree of suspicion of a cervical spine lesion; (2) OLMI asymmetry was demonstrated on a technically adequate CT scan; (3) clinical symptoms persist in patients with OLMI asymmetry when no acute MRI was performed.
Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) and Elementary School Aged Children's Aggression: Results from a Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Crean Hugh F. , Johnson Deborah B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study reports on aggressive outcomes from a cluster randomized trial of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum. Fourteen elementary schools were randomly assigned to intervention or control condition and third grade students were followed through the fifth grade. Teacher and self‐reports of student aggression, conduct problems, delinquency, acting out problems, and social information processing (SIP) variables were collected. Linear change for each of the SIP variables was noted with control students demonstrating increased normative beliefs about aggression, increased aggressive social problem solving, increased hostile attribution bias, and increased aggressive interpersonal negotiation strategies over time while PATHS students remained relatively stable. Teachers reported significant curvilinear change in student aggression, conduct problems, and acting out behavior problems; all favoring PATHS students.