bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of haemangioma neck using sclerosing agent- a case report
Authors: Bhadoria S , Saxena R , Lavania A 
Published: September 2012

Although hemangiomas are common in infancy and childhood, they are probably developmental abnormalities rather than true neoplasms. In present case we have treated a child aged 10 years with haemangioma of the right side of the Neck. After thorough investigation we posted this for intralesional infiltration of Sclerosing agent (Inj. Polidocanol 3%) in 1:3 dilution with normal saline. Approximately 2 ml Inj. Polidocanol diluted with saline was injected into the lesion. And the same procedure was repeated in three sittings after one week interval. The size and vascularity was reduced dramatically after single procedure. Patient was followed up after one and two months interval. There was no sign of any recurrence. This Procedure was chosen as it is cosmetically more acceptable, can be used for the haemangiomas at inaccessible areas where surgery is difficult, day care procedure and cost effective. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 56-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1.6828
Nurses’ Perceived Benefits, Barriers, and Educational Recommendations for Using Family Pedigrees in Clinical Practice
Authors: Pestka Elizabeth L. , Meiers Sonja J. , Shah Lisa L. , Junglen Laura M. , Delgado Adriana 
Published: September 2012

Background:
There is growing emphasis on the use of genetics and genomics, including family pedigrees, in nursing education. This study explored nurses’ perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and educational recommendations related to family pedigrees.

Methods:
A qualitative design using focus group methods was used to gather data from a convenience sample of 28 nurses working at a large medical center in the Midwestern United States.

Results:
Nurses believed that factors supporting the use of family pedigrees are clearly identified patient benefits, an electronic tool initiated in primary care, and use by multiple disciplines. Barriers include lack of ongoing support and possible ethical, legal, social, and cultural issues. Educational recommendations include clinically relevant patient and family decision making regarding care.

Conclusion:
These nurses had positive perceptions of the use of family pedigrees in clinical nursing practice. They identified a need for education and stressed the importance of specialty-specific case examples to maximize relevance.
Relationship of Inflammation and Autoimmunity to Psychiatric Sequelae in Lyme Disease
Authors: Bransfield Robert C. 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases.

2.
Learn to understand how a sequence of immune-mediated events in Lyme disease and other tick-borne disease can result in psychiatric symptoms.

3.
Recognize that infection and immune reactions in the body can affect the brain.

The causative spirochete of Lyme disease,
Borrelia burgdorferi
, is the most common human tick-borne pathogen in the Northern hemisphere. It is also probably the most complex bacteria known, as it has 132 genes and 21 plasmids, with 90% of this genetic material unrelated to any known bacteria.
Immune Response and Inflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Antar Laura N. , Ferretti Casara Jean , Hollander Eric 
Published: September 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Become familiar with the concept of “susceptibility genes” and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

2.
Understand the interplay between neurologic and immunologic systems in ASD; and know that rates of autoimmunity and allergies are higher in some children with ASD.

3.
Recognize that neuro-inflammation may be a primary or secondary process in ASD.

Autism spectrum disorders include patients who display a triad of impaired social interactions, deficits in communication, and restricted/repetitive interests and behaviors. However, the syndrome is clinically heterogeneous, likely a result of the diverse origins of autism spectrum disorder.
Magnesium Sulfate for Severe Acute Asthma in Children
Authors: Kelly H. William 
Published: September 2012

Magnesium is an abundant intracellular cation that has been used for years in the treatment of hyper-tension and seizures associated with eclampsia of pregnancy as well as used as a tocolytic agent.1 Over sixty years ago, Haury showed that magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) could produce bronchodilation in asthmatics.2 However, interest in magnesium sulfate as a potential therapy for acute asthma surfaced in the late 1980s following a series of studies demonstrating that magnesium produced dose-dependent bronchodilation. The precise mechanism by which magnesium produces smooth muscle relaxation is not known, but it is thought to act by enhancing calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum3 and/or as a calcium antagonist.4 In addition, magnesium is a cofactor regulating a number of enzymatic and cellular activities in the body, including adenyl cyclase and sodium-potassium ATP-ase, potentially enhancing the effects of β2-agonists.5 Other potential beneficial mechanisms in asthma include inhibition of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerves6 and reduction of histamine release from mast cells.7
It is not clear whether magnesium acts as a functional antagonist to bronchoconstriction like the β2-agonists and theophylline or a specific antagonist like anticholinergics and antihistamines. Studies showing attenuation of the bronchoconstriction from histamine and methacholine would suggest functional antagonism.8,9 Some suggest that the response to intravenous magnesium sulfate is dependent upon achieving serum magnesium concentrations of 4–6 mg/dL (1.6–2.4 mmol/L).10 These values are similar to those that are employed to achieve tocolysis (4–8 mg/dL) and about one half those associated with severe toxicity of respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias and death (12–15 mg/ dL).1 It should be pointed out that studies have not reported lower magnesium concentrations in asthmatics than controls although one study reported correlation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and intracellular magnesium concentrations in asthmatics. 11–13 Thus, it is unlikely that the bronchodilator response to magnesium is a result of restoring normal homeostasis but most likely a function of its direct antagonistic effects on intracellular calcium activity.
Chemical Compatibility of Depacon® with Medications Frequently Administered by Intravenous Y-Site Delivery in Patients with Epilepsy or Head Trauma
Authors: Rashed Sahar M. , Sweatman Trevor W. , Thoma Laura , Hovinga Collin A. , Phelps Stephanie J. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES Intravenous Y-site administration of more than one medication through the same in-line catheter is a common practice used in the management of acute seizures. The objective of this study was to determine the compatibility of valproate sodium (Depacon®; 2 or 20 mg/mL) with 13 medications that are frequently administered to manage seizures or are given to patients with an acute head injury who are at risk for developing post-traumatic epilepsy.
METHODS The study medications included atracurium, dexamethasone, diazepam, fosphenytoin, lorazepam, magnesium sulfate, mannitol, methyl-prednisolone, midazolam, pentobarbital, phenytoin, ranitidine, and thiopental. Equal volumes of valproate and each of the study drugs were admixed and immediately examined using several physiochemical criteria: Tyndall effect, color and pH change, gas evolution, and particle formation (HIAC/Royco liquid particle counter). Samples were also evaluated using HPLC analysis (C18 column; methanol/tetrahydrofuran/ phosphate buffer; 44/1/55% v/v, at 1.5 mL/min; 50°C) with UV (190-400 nm) photodiode detection. The valproate peak (220 nm) was quantified by both peak area and height. Samples were analyzed within 5 minutes of admixture and were reassessed at 15 and 30 minutes.
RESULTS With the exception of diazepam, midazolam, and phenytoin, all of the remaining drugs were chemically compatible with valproate, both in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP(D5W) and in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (Normal Saline -NS). None of the compatible medications produced a significant pH change, discernible gas, particle formation, reduced valproate titer by HPLC analysis (coefficient of variability &lt; 1.5%), or the temporal formation of unidentified UV absorbing (190–400 nm) peaks.
CONCLUSIONS Intravenous valproate is compatible with most agents employed in seizure management or used in patients at risk for seizures following head injury and is safe for concurrent Y-site drug administration.
SDS‐Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE)
Authors: Gallagher Sean R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractElectrophoresis is used to separate complex mixtures of proteins (e.g., from cells, subcellular fractions, column fractions, or immunoprecipitates), investigate subunit compositions, verify homogeneity of protein samples, and purify proteins for use in further applications. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins migrate in response to an electrical field through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix; pore size decreases with increasing acrylamide concentration. The combination of pore size and protein charge, size, and shape determines the migration rate of the protein. In this unit, the standard Laemmli method is described for discontinuous gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, i.e., in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Support protocols cover the casting of gels, calculation of molecular mass using the electrophoretic mobility of a protein, and purification of SDS by recrystallization. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 6:7.3.1‐7.3.28. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis of Poly(silyl ether)s by Rhodium(I)–NHC Catalyzed Hydrosilylation: Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Lázaro Guillermo , Iglesias Manuel , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe preparation of 1‐(3‐triisopropoxysilylpropyl)‐3‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐imidazolium bromide or chloride salts and their reaction with [Rh(COD)(μ‐OMe)]2 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) to afford the corresponding [Rh(COD)(NHC)X] (X=Br, Cl; NHC=1‐(3‐triisopropoxysilylpropyl)‐3‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐2‐ilydene‐imidazol) species is described. These new compounds were used as catalyst precursors for acetophenone hydrosilylation. The higher activity of the rhodium‐chlorido complex evidences a clear halide effect in the activation of the catalyst. Immobilization of the catalytic precursor [Rh(COD)(NHC)Cl] on mobile crystalline material 41 (MCM‐41) allows for the preparation of the corresponding heterogeneous catalyst. Reduction of acetophenone to PhMeCH‐O‐SiMe(OSiMe3)2 by hydrosilylation with 1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptamethyltrisiloxane is effectively catalyzed by both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous catalysts, in which the homogeneous system is the more active. Interestingly, the heterogeneous catalyst is reusable. Both homo‐ and heterogeneous catalysts are also effective for the copolymerization of terephthalaldehyde and 1,1,3,3,5,5‐hexamethyltrisiloxane, which affords the corresponding poly(silyl ether). The catalyst yields the heterogeneous system polymers with higher molecular weights (Mw=94 000 g mol−1) and a narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI=1.5–1.7).
Regioselectivity in the Intramolecular Heck Reaction of a Series of Cyclic Sulfonamides: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Geoghegan Kimberly , Evans Paul , Rozas Isabel , Alkorta Ibon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRegioselectivity in the intramolecular Heck reaction of a series of N‐sulfonyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐3‐substituted pyrroles was studied. These substrates are unbiased in terms of the formed ring size of the new heterocycle. Results indicate that high levels of regioselectivity are observed under a range of conditions, and that there is an underlying propensity for carbon–carbon bond formation at the most hindered end of the alkene. For two examples (3‐Me and 3‐tBu), DFT calculations were performed and indicate that in both cases, the modelled transition state for carbopalladation is energetically lower for the experimentally preferred isomer.
Nondestructive Photoluminescence Read‐Out by Intramolecular Electron Transfer in a Perylene Bisimide‐Diarylethene Dyad
Authors: Berberich Martin , Natali Mirco , Spenst Peter , Chiorboli Claudio , Scandola Franco , Würthner Frank 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel, highly stable photochromic dyad 3 based on a perylene bisimide (PBI) fluorophore and a diarylethene (DAE) photochrome was synthesized and the optical and photophysical properties of this dyad were studied in detail by steady‐state and time‐resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. This photochromic dyad can be switched reversibly by UV‐light irradiation of its ring‐open form 3 o leading to the ring‐closed form 3 c, and back reaction of 3 c to 3 o by irradiation with visible light. Solvent‐dependent fluorescence studies revealed that the emission of ring‐closed form 3 c is drastically quenched in solvents of medium (e.g., chloroform) to high (e.g., acetone) polarities, while the emission of the ring‐open form 3 o is appreciably quenched only in highly polar solvents like DMF. The strong fluorescence quenching of 3 c is attributed to a photoinduced electron‐transfer (PET) process from the excited PBI unit to ring‐closed DAE moiety, as this process is thermodynamically highly favorable with a Gibbs free energy value of −0.34 eV in dichloromethane. The electron‐transfer mechanism for the fluorescence quenching of ring‐closed 3 c is substantiated by ultrafast transient measurements in dichloromethane and acetone, revealing stabilization of charge‐separated states of 3 c in these solvents. Our results reported here show that the new photochromic dyad 3 has potential for nondestructive read‐out in write/read/erase fluorescent memory systems.
Heat‐Induced Morphological Transformation of Supramolecular Nanostructures by Retro‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Ikeda Masato , Ochi Rika , Kurita Yu‐shi , Pochan Darrin J. , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractControlling the morphology of supramolecular nanostructures in response to external stimuli is an important challenge in the development of functional soft materials. Here we show that a morphological transformation from 2D nanosheets to a network of 1D nanofibers is triggered by heating, which induces molecular conversion of a bolaamphiphile to a hydrogelator by means of a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction, thereby producing a new heat‐set supramolecular hydrogel. We anticipate that our design will be a starting point for more sophisticated supramolecular systems that integrate the thermodynamics of molecular assembly and the kinetics of chemical reactions to create complex supramolecular nanostructures.
KRAS p.G13D mutation and codon 12 mutations are not created equal in predicting clinical outcomes of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Mao Chen , Huang Ya‐Fang , Yang Zu‐Yao , Zheng Da‐Yong , Chen Jin‐Zhang , Tang Jin‐Ling 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine whether patients who had metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with the v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) p.G13D mutation (an amino acid substitution at position 13 in KRAS from a glycine to an aspartic acid) and received cetuximab treatment had better clinical outcomes than patients who had mCRC tumors with KRAS codon 12 mutations.METHODS:Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Chinese Biomedical Database, and Wan Fang Digital Journals from inception to October 2011. The primary clinical outcomes included the objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The pooled relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) was estimated by using fixed‐effects or random‐effects models according to heterogeneity between studies.RESULTS:Ten studies were considered eligible that included 1487 patients with mCRC. Patients who had tumors with the KRAS p.G13D mutation had a significantly higher ORR (10 studies; RR, 1.642; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.131‐2.384), longer PFS (1 study; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.81), and longer OS (1 study; HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.80) than patients who had tumors with KRAS codon 12 mutations. Compared with patients who had KRAS wild‐type tumors, patients with the p.G13D mutation had a significantly lower ORR (9 studies; RR, 0.540; 95% CI, 0.381‐0.765) and nonsignificantly shorter PFS (1 study; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.45) and OS (1 study; HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.54).CONCLUSIONS:Patients who had mCRC with the KRAS p.G13D mutation appeared to benefit more from cetuximab than patients who had tumors with KRAS codon 12 mutations. However, because of the limited sample sizes in the current meta‐analysis, these results should be interpreted with caution. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of Ki‐67 expression with neoadjuvant anastrozole or tamoxifen in patients receiving goserelin for premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Iwata Hiroji , Masuda Norikazu , Sagara Yasuaki , Kinoshita Takayuki , Nakamura Seigo , Yanagita Yasuhiro , Nishimura Reiki , Iwase Hirotaka , Kamigaki Shunji , Takei Hiroyuki , Tsuda Hitoshi , Hayashi Nobuya , Noguchi Shinzaburo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The increasing costs associated with large‐scale adjuvant trials mean that the prognostic value of biologic markers is increasingly important. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki‐67, a marker of cell proliferation, has been correlated with treatment efficacy and is being investigated for its value as a predictive marker of therapeutic response. In the current study, the authors explored correlations between Ki‐67 expression and tumor response, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PgR) status, and histopathologic response from the STAGE study (S_tudy of T_amoxifen or A_rimidex, combined with G_oserelin acetate to compare E_fficacy and safety).METHODS:In a phase 3, double‐blind, randomized trial (National Clinical Trials identifier NCT00605267), premenopausal women with ER‐positive, early stage breast cancer received either anastrozole plus goserelin or tamoxifen plus goserelin for 24 weeks before surgery. The Ki‐67 index, hormone receptor (ER and PgR) status, and histopathologic responses were determined from histopathologic samples that were obtained from core‐needle biopsies at baseline and at surgery. Tumor response was determined by using magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography.RESULTS:In total, 197 patients were randomized to receive either anastrozole plus goserelin (n = 98) or tamoxifen plus goserelin (n = 99). The best overall tumor response was better for the anastrozole group compared with the tamoxifen group both among patients who had a baseline Ki‐67 index ≥20% and among those who had a baseline Ki‐67 index <20%. There was no apparent correlation between baseline ER status and the Ki‐67 index in either group. Positive PgR status was reduced from baseline to week 24 in the anastrozole group.CONCLUSIONS:In premenopausal women with ER‐positive breast cancer, anastrozole produced a greater best overall tumor response compared with tamoxifen regardless of the baseline Ki‐67 index. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Hydrogenated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as High‐Rate Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Microbatteries
Authors: Lu Zhouguang , Yip Cho‐Tong , Wang Liping , Huang Haitao , Zhou Limin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple method has been developed to substantially improve the high‐rate capability of electrochemically anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays targeted for use as anode material in lithium‐ion microbatteries by annealing in a reducing atmosphere (5 % H2 and 95 % Ar). A series of complementary techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectrometry (Raman), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), galvanostatic measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been employed to investigate the structural and morphological changes as well as the electrochemical performance enhancement resulting from hydrogenation treatment of the TiO2 nanotube arrays. The results reveal that improvement of the rate capability is mainly attributed to the electronic conductivity increase of the bulk TiO2 nanotubes rather than conductive characteristics of the surface coating because hydrogenation treatment produces a high number of oxygen vacancies inside the crystal lattices that makes the TiO2 nanotube arrays favor a bulk n‐type conductor. Furthermore, the high‐rate capability of other kinds of TiO2 nanomaterials, including rutile TiO2 nanowire arrays and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, can also be considerably improved by similar H2 treatment. Therefore, the current H2 treatment method is proved to be a general and facile technique to improve the power density of TiO2 anode materials for next‐generation, high‐power lithium‐ion batteries.
Molecular studies on the roles of Runx2 and Twist1 in regulating FGF signaling
Authors: Lu Yongbo , Li Yucheng , Cavender Adriana C. , Wang Suzhen , Mansukhani Alka , D'Souza Rena N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Supernumerary teeth are often observed in patients suffering from cleidocranial dysplasia due to a mutation in Runx2 that results in haploinsufficiency. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In this study, we assessed the roles of Runx2 and its functional antagonist Twist1 in regulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling using in vitro biochemical approaches. Results: We showed that Twist1 stimulated Fgfr2 and Fgf10 expression in a mesenchymal cell line and that it formed heterodimers with ubiquitously expressed E12 (together with E47 encoded by E2A gene) and upregulated Fgfr2 and Fgf10 promoter activities in a dental mesenchyme‐derived cell line. We further demonstrated that the bHLH domain of Twist1 was essential for its synergistic activation of Fgfr2 promoter with E12 and that the binding of E12 stabilized Twist1 by preventing it from undergoing lysosomal degradation. Although Runx2 had no apparent effects on Fgfr2 and Fgf10 promoter activities, it inhibited the stimulatory activity of Twist1 on Fgfr2 promoter. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Runx2 haploinsufficiency might result in excessive unbound Twist1 that can freely bind to E12 and enhance FGF signaling, thereby promoting the formation of extra teeth. Developmental Dynamics 241:1708–1715, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.