bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent's preferred modes of delivery for mental health services
Authors: Bradford Sally , Rickwood Debra 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMental health interventions for young people are increasingly being delivered online. This is occurring due to an assumption that young people prefer online interventions because they address some of the well‐established help‐seeking barriers.MethodA self‐report questionnaire investigating preferences for mental health care delivery was administered to a nonclinical sample of 231 young people aged 15–19.ResultsThe strongest help‐seeking intention in response to a scenario describing symptoms of depression was for face‐to‐face services, followed by not seeking help at all. Only 16% expressed a preference for online treatment.ConclusionThe assumption that a majority of young people will prefer online delivery of mental health treatment was not supported, although boys showed a stronger relative preference for online modes.
Stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for obstructive defaecation syndrome: patients with previous pelvic floor surgery have poorer long‐term outcome
Authors: Adams K. , Papagrigoriadis S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimStapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) is used for patients with obstructive defaecation syndrome (ODS) not responding to conservative management. Reports indicate mixed results and there are no studies publishing the long‐term outcome.MethodFollowing full investigation, 37 patients with ODS underwent a STARR procedure by one of the authors (SP) between 2005 and 2010.ResultsThe median (range) patient age was 53.0 (28–79) years and all were female. Median (range) follow up was 13 (0–57) months, and nine (24.3%) patients were followed for longer than 24 months. Eighteen patients had undergone at least one (and often multiple) previous gynaecological procedures, including hysterectomy (n = 14), colposuspension (n = 3), vaginal rectocele repair (n = 4) and pelvic floor repair (n = 5). Four patients had had at least one previous rectal operation [stapled anopexy (n = 3) and Delorme's procedure (n = 2)]. One patient did not attend for postoperative follow up. Of the remaining 36 patients, 18 had resolution of obstructive symptoms. Of the 18 with residual symptoms, 17 eventually reported the same level of symptoms as before the STARR procedure. There was a significant correlation between the presence of residual symptoms and long‐term ODS recurrence (P < 0.0005). For those with residual symptoms, the mean (95% CI) time to symptom recurrence was 3 (2.86–11.81) months. Twenty (56%) patients were satisfied with the outcome from the STARR procedure.ConclusionResidual symptoms are a strong indicator of long‐term failure. STARR was effective for symptom resolution in 50% of patients. Those who had undergone pelvic floor or rectal prolapse surgery were significantly more likely to experience recurrent symptoms.
Prognostic significance of apical lymph node metastasis in patients with node‐positive rectal cancer
Authors: Peng J. , Wu H. , Li X. , Sheng W. , Huang D. , Guan Z. , Wang M. , Cai S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of apical lymph node (APN) metastasis in predicting prognosis in curatively treated node‐positive rectal cancer. We also investigated the relationship between APN metastasis and the total number of metastatic lymph nodes.MethodA retrospective study was performed of 510 curatively treated patients with node‐positive rectal cancer. Clinicopathological variables, including APN status, were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses. The prognostic significance of APN status in predicting patient outcomes and the relationship between APN status and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) N stage were analysed.ResultsAt a median follow up of 47 months, the 5‐year local recurrence (LR) rate, the disease‐free survival (DFS) rate and the overall survival (OS) rate were 18.3%, 55.5% and 58.8%, respectively. The 5‐year OS rate was 69.6% for patients with no metastasis in APNs (APN(−)) and 40.8% for patients with metastasis in APNs (APN(+)). DFS and OS for patients with undetermined APN status were between those for APN(−) and APN(+). Subgroup analysis gave a 5‐year OS rate of 48.7% in Stage N1 patients with APN(+) and 58.8% for Stage N2 patients with APN(−) (P = 0.0004).ConclusionAPN metastasis is an important prognostic factor in node‐positive rectal cancer, which provides additional survival‐related prognostic classification irrespective of N stage. As the APN is usually outside the radiation field, in the era of multidisciplinary treatment its assessment should be incorporated into prognostic evaluation of rectal cancer.
BerEP4 is widely expressed in tumors of the sweat apparatus: a source of potential diagnostic error
Authors: Afshar Maryam , Deroide Florence , Robson Alistair 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA 63‐year‐old man presented with an ulcerated nodule with a rolled pearly edge on his back. A punch biopsy showed diffuse strong BerEP4 expression and retraction artifact. Consequently the tumor was diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma but on excision the tumor proved to be a porocarcinoma. Although Jimenez et al. reported BerEP4 expression in porocarcinoma, this result is not widely appreciated. This observation prompted us to investigate BerEP4 expression in sweat apparatus tumors.MethodsImmunocytochemistry was performed using Dako monoclonal mouse BerEP4 with Ventana Benchmark XT immunostainer. Omission of the primary antibody served as a negative control.ResultsFourteen of 26 porocarcinomas had at least focal BerEP4 expression and two were diffusely and at least focally strongly positive. Seven of seven chondroid syringomas stained diffusely positive, with strong ductal expression; the single chondroid syringocarcinoma was negative. Five of 6 poromas and two of two hidradenomas had focal expression, and staining particularly highlighted the ducts, a co‐localization also apparent in the four spiradenomas and three cylindromas. The single primary mucinous carcinoma had diffuse strong BerEP4 expression.DiscussionThis case and pilot study shows that BerEP4 expression is common in these selected sweat apparatus tumors, and staining may be strongly so. This observation should be borne in mind in clinical practice.
Leaf biomechanical properties as mechanisms of resistance to black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) among Poa species
Authors: Hong Seung Cheon , Williamson R. Chris , Held David W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBiomechanical properties can be important parameters in resistance of plants to herbivorous insects. As plants age, however, there can be dramatic changes in physical defenses that can then influence their susceptibility to insect herbivores. We measured changes in leaf biomechanical properties during ontogeny of Poa species and the relationship of these changes to the development of a generalist herbivore, the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was investigated. Larvae were reared on two representative age classes, i.e., young (<60 days after planting) and old (>1 year after planting), of foliage in laboratory assays. Foliage generally reaches a peak fracture force between 80 and 109 days after planting depending on grass type. Foliage from old plants was significantly tougher than that of young plants, and black cutworm larvae reared on foliage from young plants gained significantly (ca. four times) more weight than those fed on foliage from old Poa plants. In addition, fracture force has a negative relationship with black cutworm development. Plant fiber, particularly neutral detergent fiber accounted for 65 and 46% of the variation in fracture force and larval development, respectively. These results provide additional insight into how plant ontogeny influences physical defenses to an insect herbivore in a grass system. Likewise, this is seemingly the first study to suggest a mechanism for host plant resistance to black cutworm. Plant fiber may be a useful trait to explore in plant improvement programs in which black cutworm is a primary pest (e.g., managed turfgrass).
Spatial and temporal variations in fish larvae assemblages ofIlhaGrandeNationalPark,Brazil
Authors: Gogola Tatiane M. , Sanches Paulo V. , Gubiani Éder A. , da Silva Pedro R. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFor understanding the reproductive dynamics of fish assemblages and their relationship with environmental conditions, we need to know more about spawning areas and periods. Studies on temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence of fish eggs and larvae are important for obtaining this kind of information quickly and accurately. In this study, we analysed spatial and temporal patterns of fish larvae in different biotopes in a stretch of the floodplain ofUpperParanaRiver, inIlhaGrandeNationalPark, southernBrazil. We carried out night sampling during six spawning periods, from 2001 to 2008. We selected 18 sampling sites distributed in the mainstream, tributaries and lagoons, encompassing several types of biotopes. We observed significant spatial and temporal differences among biotopes in the composition and structure of the fish larvae assemblages. Lentic environments favoured the development of sedentary and migratory species, whereas tributaries were used as migratory routes and spawning areas. The assemblage in period I differed from the assemblages of other periods, probably because of the presence of dams in theParanaRiver. No association was observed between environmental variables and spatial and temporal patterns of the ichthyoplankton assemblages. Hence, conservation measures are essential to maintain the environmental integrity of spawning (tributaries) and development areas (lagoons) for the maintenance of biodiversity in the floodplain ofUpperParanáRiver.
The frequency of cerebral microbleeds increases with CHADS2 scores in stroke patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Song T.‐J. , Kim J. , Lee H. S. , Nam C. M. , Nam H. S. , Heo J. H. , Kim Y. D. 
Published: October 2012

Background and purposeCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are extravasations of blood from lipohyalinized or amyloid angiopathic cerebral arterioles, and the presence and numbers of CMBs are significantly associated with the development of oral anticoagulation (OA)‐related intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in CMBs burden according to CHADS2 scores or CHA2DS2‐VASc scores in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients.MethodsWe included 550 ischaemic stroke patients who had NVAF and who had undergone brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) T2 sequences from our prospective stroke registry between January 2005 and November 2011. We calculated CHADS2 scores and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores for all patients based on their underlying cardiovascular diseases. The presence, location and number of CMBs were assessed in each patient. We also investigated whether the CMBs were actually associated with the development of ICH during follow‐up.ResultsThe mean patient age was 70.4 ± 10.5 years, and 324 (58.9%) patients were men. One‐hundred and seventy‐three patients (31.5%) had CMBs detected on GRE MRI. Higher CHADS2 scores or CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were strongly associated with the presence and number of CMBs. During follow‐up of median 3.1 ± 1.6 years, the presence of CMBs was independently associated with the development of ICH, whilst the CHADS2 scores or CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were not.ConclusionsConsidering the positive association between the presence of CMBs and OA‐related ICH, our results suggest that the increase in ICH in high‐risk groups during OA may be related to an increased burden of CMBs.
Alternative states and population crashes in a resource‐susceptible‐infected model for planktonic parasites and hosts
Authors: GERLA DAAN J. , GSELL ALENA S. , KOOI BOB W. , IBELINGS BAS W. , VAN DONK ELLEN , MOOIJ WOLF M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Despite the strong impact parasites can have, only few models of phytoplankton ecology or aquatic food webs have specifically included parasitism.2. Here, we provide a susceptible‐infected model for a diatom‐chytrid host–parasite system that explicitly includes nutrients, infected and uninfected hosts, reproduction of the parasite on the hosts and free‐living infective stages.3. A distinguishing feature of the model is that parasite reproduction on host increases with nutrient availability to the infected host, as has been observed for many parasites and viruses.4. It follows from this assumption that the parasite’s basic reproduction number, R0, increases with nutrient concentration, because at higher nutrient concentrations, infected hosts consume more nutrients that are used for the reproduction of the parasite.5. Another important result is that there may be two alternative states to which population densities can converge: one with only the host and one with host and parasite co‐existing. In the latter, the parasite can invade a host population only if it is introduced above a threshold density.6. Furthermore, the model shows a strong tendency for host–parasite cycles, which may be chaotic. Nutrient enrichment leads to increasing amplitude of these cycles, which may cause host or parasite population extinction caused by stochastic fluctuations during periods of low population density, which is the Paradox of Enrichment.7. Finally, if alternative states and cycles co‐occur, increased population cycle amplitude may drive the parasite below its threshold density for successful invasion, causing parasite extinction in a ‘deterministic Paradox of Enrichment’. Published results confirm that host–parasite cycles and collapse of host–parasite systems may occur in real plankton communities.8. Our results underline that ecological detail in host–parasite models may have consequences for disease dynamics that may be overlooked when ecological interactions between environment, host and parasite are not explicitly taken into account.
The distribution and environmental state of vegetated islands within human‐impacted European rivers
Authors: RICAURTE LUISA FERNANDA , BOESCH SARAH , JOKELA JUKKA , TOCKNER KLEMENT 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Vegetated islands within river corridors are pivotal landscape features and are among the first to disappear as a consequence of flow regulation and channelisation. However, how vegetated islands vary along human‐impacted rivers is poorly understood.2. We carried out a detailed analysis of the contemporary distribution, diversity and environmental state of vegetated islands within 12 human‐impacted European rivers, using 75 Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images (1999–2002), historical maps, DEM data and landscape metrics. We tested whether channel fragmentation, catchment land use and the environmental state of fringing floodplains determine the spatial patterns of the islands. We also analysed the historical change of islands within selected sections of the Upper Danube, Upper Rhine and Olt rivers.3. We identified 2771 islands in the contemporary landscape, varying from 0.06 to 9828 ha. Islands covered up to 21% of the active channel area and contributed up to 32% of the total riparian ecotone length. Island density ranged from 0.06 islands per river‐km (River Sava) to 1.6 islands per river‐km (River Tagliamento). River regulation has led to a marked loss of island density: 94% in the Upper Danube, 93% in the Upper Rhine, and 69% in the Olt. The environmental state of the islands was significantly less altered by human activity than of their fringing floodplains; 93.4% of the vegetated islands exhibited a near‐natural state, while 86% of the fringing floodplains were expansively converted to agricultural and urban land uses.4. Our results highlight the ubiquitous presence of vegetated islands, their sensitivity to river regulation and their pivotal role for the future restoration and management of river corridors.
Reproductive dynamics of three amphibian species in Mediterranean wetlands: the role of local precipitation and hydrological regimes
Authors: CAYUELA HUGO , BESNARD AURÉLIEN , BÉCHET ARNAUD , DEVICTOR VINCENT , OLIVIER ANTHONY 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Although the influence of water availability and precipitation regimes on amphibians has been studied at large scales, whether and how interannual rainfall and hydrological variations affect amphibians dynamics at a local scale have rarely been addressed. In this respect, accounting for variations in species detectability in space and time has also been overlooked.2. We assessed the effects of rainfall and hydrological variations on the breeding dynamics of three amphibian taxa: Pelodytes punctatus, Hyla meridionalis and Pelophylax spp. in 20 ponds of the Camargue region (southern France) over a 7‐year study period.3. We used multiple season occupancy models to test the effect of winter–spring rainfall and interannual variations in hydroperiod, mean water depth and drought events on tadpole presence in spring (March–June), a proxy for breeding dynamics.4. We used an independent survey with spatial replicates (dipnet sweeps) to disentangle the relative contributions of phenology and detectability to the absence of records in a given month. For the three taxa considered, the probability of missing a species when that species was actually present in a pond was most often negligible. Hence, we could consider that multiseason models properly tracked changes in species phenology.5. Pelodytes punctatus was first detected in March, while the two other taxa appeared later in April. Hyla meridionalis appeared as a mid‐season species with much more synchronous pond occupancy than Pelodytes punctatus. The detection peak of Pelophylax spp. was short and unexpectedly early for this taxon.6. Seasonal winter–spring rainfall was associated with a decrease in extinction rates and even more strongly with an increase in colonisation rates at individual ponds.7. Colonisation rate increased following an annual drought and was best modelled as a negative quadratic effect of the variance of pond hydroperiod. Extinction probability was best modelled by a negative quadratic effect of mean water level. Hence, breeding was more stochastic (i) in unpredictable and shallow ponds because of yearly drying up and (ii) in highly predictable and deep ponds, possibly due to the presence of predators such as fish and crayfish.8. Overall, we show that ponds with intermediate rather than extreme variations in environmental conditions currently correspond to optimal breeding sites. Our study demonstrates that amphibian monitoring coupled with fine‐scale analysis of environmental conditions is necessary to understand species dynamics in the long run and to inform conservation efforts for these species.
Information professionals' participation in interdisciplinary research: a preliminary study of factors affecting successful collaborations
Authors: Lorenzetti Diane L. , Rutherford Gayle 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot study explores the conditions that support or hinder information professionals' participation in interdisciplinary research teams.MethodsWe undertook a preliminary grounded theory study investigating factors that impact on information professionals' participation in interdisciplinary research. Four biomedical information professionals working in academic universities and teaching hospitals in Canada participated in semi‐structured interviews. Grounded theory methods guided the data collection and analysis.ResultsParticipants identified the conditions that support or hinder research participation as belonging to four distinct overlapping domains: client‐level factors including preconceptions and researcher resistance; individual‐level factors such as research readiness; opportunities that are most often made not found; and organisational supports.ConclusionsCreating willingness, building preparedness and capitalising on opportunity appear crucial to successful participation in interdisciplinary research. Further exploration of the importance of educational, collegial and organisational supports may reveal additional data to support the development of a grounded theory regarding the facilitation of information professionals' engagement in interdisciplinary research.
Assessment of indexing trends with specific and general terms for herbal medicine
Authors: Bartol Tomaz 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundConcepts for medicinal plants are represented by a variety of associated general terms with specific indexing patterns in databases, which may not consistently reflect growth of records.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to assess the development in databases by identifying general terms that describe herbal medicine with optimal retrieval recall and to identify possible special trends in co‐occurrence of specific and general concepts.MethodsDifferent search strategies are tested in cab abstracts, medline and web of science. Specific terms (Origanum and Salvia) are employed. Relevant general terms (e.g. ‘Plants, Medicinal’, Phytotherapy, Herbal drugs) are identified, along with indexing trends and co‐occurrences.ResultsGrowth trends, in specific (narrower) terms, are similar among databases. General terms, however, exhibit dissimilar trends, sometimes almost opposing one another. Co‐occurrence of specific and general terms is changing over time.ConclusionsGeneral terms may not denote definite development of trends as the use of terms differs amongst databases, making it difficult to correctly assess possible numbers of relevant records. Perceived increase can, sometimes, be attributed to an increased occurrence of a more general term alongside the specific one. Thesaurus‐controlled databases may yield more hits, because of ‘up‐posted’ (broader) terms. Use of broader terms is helpful as it enhances retrieval of relevant documents.
Cognitive factors predicting intentions to search for health information: an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Austvoll‐Dahlgren Astrid , Falk Ragnhild S. , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPeoples' ability to obtain health information is a precondition for their effective participation in decision making about health. However, there is limited evidence describing which cognitive factors can predict the intention of people to search for health information.ObjectivesTo test the utility of a questionnaire in predicting intentions to search for health information, and to identify important predictors associated with this intention such that these could be targeted in an Intervention.MethodA questionnaire was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and tested on both a mixed population sample (n=30) and a sample of parents (n = 45). The questionnaire was explored by testing for internal consistency, calculating inter‐correlations between theoretically‐related constructs, and by using multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe reliability and validity of the questionnaire were found to be satisfactory and consistent across the two samples. The questionnaires' direct measures prediction of intention was high and accounted for 47% and 55% of the variance in behavioural intentions. Attitudes and perceived behavioural control were identified as important predictors to intention for search for health information.ConclusionThe questionnaire may be a useful tool for understanding and evaluating behavioural intentions and beliefs related to searches for health information.