bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Owns the Oil that Traverses a Boundary on the Continental Shelf in an Enclosed Sea? Seeking Answers in Natural Law through Grotius and Selden
Authors: LOJA MELISSA H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe principle of sovereign rights under UNCLOS countenances competition among littoral states for ownership of a common oil deposit through the unilateral exploitation of their continental shelf. This leads to conflict, wastage, and resource sterilization. However, rather than apply the principle of sovereign rights, states seem to turn to natural law principles as a more reasonable regulation of their activities on the continental shelf. Two sources of natural law principles are relevant. One source consists of a priori principles of sociableness and necessity which prescribe that, for their own preservation, states ought to act pursuant to the common good. These principles underlie energy security policies which espouse interdependence. Another source of natural law principles are international agreements and national laws in which states temper their sovereign rights and interests and recognize the co-existence of the rights and interests of other states in a common deposit. These practices constitute a posteriori intervenient or secondary law of nations, which appears similar to customary law. Adherence is not dictated by conviction that these principles are obligatory. Rather, adherence seems to be based on discernment that, while permissible under the principle of sovereign rights, unilateral appropriation is impermissible under natural law.
Goniometer-based femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron lasers
Authors: Cohen Aina E. , Soltis S. Michael , González Ana , Aguila Laura , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Barnes Christopher O. , Baxter Elizabeth L. , Brehmer Winnie , Brewster Aaron S. , Brunger Axel T. , Calero Guillermo , Chang Joseph F. , Chollet Matthieu , Ehrensberger Paul , Eriksson Thomas L. , Feng Yiping , Hattne Johan , Hedman Britt , Hollenbeck Michael , Holton James M. , Keable Stephen , Kobilka Brian K. , Kovaleva Elena G. , Kruse Andrew C. , Lemke Henrik T. , Lin Guowu , Lyubimov Artem Y. , Manglik Aashish , Mathews Irimpan I. , McPhillips Scott E. , Nelson Silke , Peters John W. , Sauter Nicholas K. , Smith Clyde A. , Song Jinhu , Stevenson Hilary P. , Tsai Yingssu , Uervirojnangkoorn Monarin , Vinetsky Vladimir , Wakatsuki Soichi , Weis William I. , Zadvornyy Oleg A. , Zeldin Oliver B. , Zhu Diling , Hodgson Keith O. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The extremely short and bright X-ray pulses produced by X-ray free-electron lasers unlock new opportunities in crystallography-based structural biology research. Efficient methods to deliver crystalline material are necessary due to damage or destruction of the crystal by the X-ray pulse. Crystals for the first experiments were 5 µm or smaller in size, delivered by a liquid injector. We describe a highly automated goniometer-based approach, compatible with crystals of larger and varied sizes, and accessible at cryogenic or ambient temperatures. These methods, coupled with improvements in data-processing algorithms, have resulted in high-resolution structures, unadulterated by the effects of radiation exposure, from only 100 to 1,000 diffraction images.
Actions of the protein kinase WNK1 on endothelial cells are differentially mediated by its substrate kinases OSR1 and SPAK
Authors: Dbouk Hashem A. , Weil Lauren M. , Perera G. K. Sachith , Dellinger Michael T. , Pearson Gray , Brekken Rolf A. , Cobb Melanie H. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
With no lysine (K) (WNK)1, which is mutated in pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) autosomal dominant hypertension, is a large, complex enzyme essential for development, blood pressure control, and many cellular functions. WNK1 signaling is largely mediated by two downstream protein kinases, OSR1 (oxidative stress responsive 1) and SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline-, alanine-rich kinase), sometimes considered redundant in terms of WNK1 function. This study characterizes an essential contribution of WNK1 in angiogenesis and presents a mechanism of clear bifurcation in WNK1-dependent functions between OSR1 and SPAK, with SPAK regulating WNK1 effects on proliferation and OSR1 mediating effects on invasion. Our work also identifies a previously unidentified link between WNK1 and the zinc-finger transcription factor Slug, with implications in cancer biology. This study also suggests potential mechanisms for cardiovascular defects associated with PHAII.
PALMsiever: a tool to turn raw data into results for single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Pengo Thomas , Holden Seamus J. , Manley Suliana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
During the past decade, localization microscopy (LM) has transformed into an accessible, commercially available technique for life sciences. However, data processing can be challenging to the non-specialist and care is still needed to produce meaningful results. PALMsiever has been developed to provide a user-friendly means of visualizing, filtering and analyzing LM data. It includes drift correction, clustering, intelligent line profiles, many rendering algorithms and 3D data visualization. It incorporates the main analysis and data processing modalities used by experts in the field, as well as several new features we developed, and makes them broadly accessible. It can easily be extended via plugins and is provided as free of charge open-source software.
Contact: thomas.pengo@gmail.com
Determining the safety range of electrical pulses for two benthic invertebrates: brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) and ragworm (Alitta virens S.)
Authors: Soetaert Maarten , Chiers Koen , Duchateau Luc , Polet Hans , Verschueren Bart , Decostere Annemie 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Pulse trawling is currently the most promising alternative for conventional beam trawls targeting sole and shrimp, meeting both the fisher's aspirations and the need for more environmentally friendly fishing techniques. Before electrotrawling can be further developed and implemented on a wider scale, however, more information is needed about the effects of electrical pulses on marine organisms. The organisms used in the present experiments were brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) and king ragworm (Alita virens S.) as model species for crustaceans and polychaetes, respectively. These animals were exposed to a homogeneously distributed electrical field with varying values of the following parameters: frequency (5–200 Hz), electrical field strength (150–200 V m−1), pulse polarity, pulse shape, pulse duration (0.25–1 ms), and exposure time (1–5 s). The goal of this study was to determine the range of safe pulses and thereby also to evaluate the effect of the pulses already being used on commercial electrotrawls. Behaviour during and shortly after exposure, 14-d mortality rates, and gross and histological examination were used to evaluate possible effects. The vast majority of shrimp demonstrated a tail flip response when exposed to electric pulses depending on the frequency, whereas ragworm demonstrated a squirming reaction, independent of the frequency. No significant increase in mortality or injuries was encountered for either species within the range of pulse parameters tested. Examination of the hepatopancreas of shrimp exposed to 200 V m−1 revealed a significantly higher severity of an intranuclear baculoform virus infection. These data reveal a lack of irreversible lesions in ragworm and shrimp as a direct consequence of exposure to electric pulses administered in the laboratory. Despite these promising results, other indirect effects cannot be ruled out and further research hence is warranted.
Establishing the characteristics of an effective pharmacogenetic test for clozapine induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Verbelen Moira , Collier David A , Cohen Dan , MacCabe James H , Lewis Cathryn M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClozapine is the only evidence-based therapy for treatment resistant schizophrenia, but it induces agranulocytosis, a rare but potentially fatal haematological adverse reaction, in less than 1% of users. To improve safety, the drug is subject to mandatory haematological monitoring throughout the course of treatment, which is burdensome for the patient and one of the main reasons clozapine is underused. Therefore, a pharmacogenetic test is clinically useful if it identifies a group of patients for whom the agranulocytosis risk is low enough to alleviate monitoring requirements. Assuming a genotypic marker stratifies patients into a high risk and a low risk group, we explore the relationship between test sensitivity, group size and agranulocytosis risk. High sensitivity minimizes the agranulocytosis risk in the low risk group and is essential for clinical utility, in particular in combination with a small high risk group.
Analyses of Eurasian wild and domestic pig genomes reveals long-term gene-flow and selection during domestication
Authors: Frantz Laurent A.F. , Schraiber Joshua G. , Madsen Ole , Megens Hendrik-Jan , Cagan Alex , Bosse Mirte , Paudel Yogesh , Crooijmans Richard PMA , Larson Greger , Groenen Martien AM 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTraditionally, the process of domestication is assumed to be initiated by people, involve few individuals and rely on reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms. However, an emerging zooarcheological consensus depicts animal domestication as a long-term process without reproductive isolation or strong intentional selection. Here, we ask whether pig domestication followed a traditional linear model, or a complex, reticulate model as predicted by zooarcheologists. To do so, we fit models of domestication to whole genome data from over 100 wild and domestic pigs. We found that the assumptions of traditional models, such as reproductive isolation and strong domestication bottlenecks, are incompatible with the genetic data and provide support for the zooarcheological theory of a complex domestication process. In particular, gene-flow from wild to domestic pigs was a ubiquitous feature of the domestication of pigs. In addition, we show that despite gene-flow, the genomes of domestic pigs show strong signatures of selection at loci that affect behaviour and morphology. Specifically, our results are consistent with independent parallel sweeps in two independent domestication areas (China and Anatolia) at loci linked to morphological traits. We argue that recurrent selection for domestic traits likely counteracted the homogenising effect of gene-flow from wild boars and created "islands of domestication" in the genome. Overall, our results suggest that genomic approaches that allow for more complex models of domestication to be embraced should be employed. The results from these studies will have significant ramifications for studies that attempt to infer the origin of domesticated animals.Significance StatementThough animal domestication has traditionally been viewed as a human-directed process involving small populations of domestic animals and limited interbreeding between wild and domestic forms, but recent zooarcheological insights have questioned this model. By studying domestication in pigs, we demonstrate that complex models of domestication incorporating long-term gene-flow from multiple wild boar populations fit genomic data from modern wild and domestic pigs significantly better than models based on the traditional perspective. In addition, we demonstrate that selection at genes associated with domestic traits countered the effects of the gene flow, thus allowing morphological and behavioural differentiation between wild and domestic populations to be maintained.
Reliable Gene Expression Analysis by Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR: Reporting and Minimizing the Uncertainty in Data Accuracy
Authors: Remans Tony , Keunen Els , Bex Geert Jan , Smeets Karen , Vangronsveld Jaco , Cuypers Ann 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely adopted to measure differences in mRNA levels; however, biological and technical variation strongly affects the accuracy of the reported differences. RT-qPCR specialists have warned that, unless researchers minimize this variability, they may report inaccurate differences and draw incorrect biological conclusions. The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines describe procedures for conducting and reporting RT-qPCR experiments. The MIQE guidelines enable others to judge the reliability of reported results; however, a recent literature survey found low adherence to these guidelines. Additionally, even experiments that use appropriate procedures remain subject to individual variation that statistical methods cannot correct. For example, since ideal reference genes do not exist, the widely used method of normalizing RT-qPCR data to reference genes generates background noise that affects the accuracy of measured changes in mRNA levels. However, current RT-qPCR data reporting styles ignore this source of variation. In this commentary, we direct researchers to appropriate procedures, outline a method to present the remaining uncertainty in data accuracy, and propose an intuitive way to select reference genes to minimize uncertainty. Reporting the uncertainty in data accuracy also serves for quality assessment, enabling researchers and peer reviewers to confidently evaluate the reliability of gene expression data.
Economic and environmental effects of nutrient budgeting strategies in animal excreta treatment
Authors: Ma Yongxi , Lu Wencong , Bergmann Holger 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to optimize manure allocation through nutrient budgeting strategy to meet crop nutrient requirements under maximizing economic returns and environmental constraints, and then to evaluate the economic and environmental effects of different nutrient budgeting strategies in animal excreta treatment.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, a holistic integrated “ecological-economic” model is developed. It incorporates the systems of animal-crop production and waste treatment is developed for a pilot pig farm in China in order to simulate the economic and environmental effects of several nutrient budgeting strategies in excreta treatment for resource use.

Findings
– The results reveal nutrient management deficiencies cause some serious environmental problems. The operations including biogas and composting are economically and environmentally efficient methods for manure management through nutrient budgeting strategy in an intensive animal farming with limited access to cropland. The nutrient budgeting strategy of constrained phosphorus, however, creates better environmental effects and brings more income from the waste treatment than the strategy of constrained nitrogen. The current standard of manure application in cropland which emphasizes on crop requirements for nitrogen should be reconsidered.

Originality/value
– The paper is an original work and its methodology makes a meaningful contribution to understanding the relations between different nutrient budgeting strategies and their economic and environmental effects.
Shortest distance estimation in large scale graphs
Authors: Chen Yuzhong , Yu Yang , Chen Guolong 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Shortest distance query between a pair of nodes in a graph is a classical problem with a wide variety of applications. Exact methods for this problem are infeasible for large-scale graphs such as social networks with hundreds of millions of users and links due to their high complexity of time and space. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel landmark selection strategy which can estimate the shortest distances in large-scale graphs and clarify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed strategy in comparison with currently used strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Different from existing strategies, the landmark selection problem is regarded as a binary combinational optimization problem consisting of two optimization objectives and one constraint. Further, the original binary combinational optimization problem with constraints is transformed to a proper form of optimization objectives without any additional constraints and the equivalence of solutions is proved. Finally the solution of the optimization problem is performed with a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) integrating the mutation operator and crossover operator of genetic algorithm.

Findings
– Four real networks of large scale are used as data sets to carry out the experiments and the experiment results show that the proposed strategy improves both of the accuracy and time efficiency to perform shortest distance estimation in large scale graph compared to other currently used strategies.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a novel landmark selection strategy which regards the landmark selection problem as a binary combinational optimization problem. The original binary combinational optimization problem with constraints is transformed to a proper form of optimization objectives without constraints and the equivalence of these two optimization problems is proved. This novel strategy also utilizes a modified MOPSO integrating the mutation operator and crossover operator of genetic algorithm.
Improved initial cluster center selection in K-means clustering
Authors: Zhu Minchen , Wang Weizhi , Huang Jingshan 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– It is well known that the selection of initial cluster centers can significantly affect K-means clustering results. The purpose of this paper is to propose an improved, efficient methodology to handle such a challenge.

Design/methodology/approach
– According to the fact that the inner-class distance among samples within the same cluster is supposed to be smaller than the inter-class distance among clusters, the algorithm will dynamically adjust initial cluster centers that are randomly selected. Consequently, such adjusted initial cluster centers will be highly representative in the sense that they are distributed among as many samples as possible. As a result, local optima that are common in K-means clustering can then be effectively reduced. In addition, the algorithm is able to obtain all initial cluster centers simultaneously (instead of one center at a time) during the dynamic adjustment.

Findings
– Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of traditional K-means clustering results and, in a more efficient manner.

Originality/value
– The authors presented in this paper an efficient algorithm, which is able to dynamically adjust initial cluster centers that are randomly selected. The adjusted centers are highly representative, i.e. they are distributed among as many samples as possible. As a result, local optima that are common in K-means clustering can be effectively reduced so that the authors can achieve an improved clustering accuracy. In addition, the algorithm is a cost-efficient one and the enhanced clustering accuracy can be obtained in a more efficient manner compared with traditional K-means algorithm.
Validity and reliability of lean manufacturing frameworks
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Jasti Naga , Kodali Rambabu 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate, validity and reliability analysis on existing Lean manufacturing (LM) frameworks when applied to Indian organizations. LM is one of the best manufacturing strategies that are used by manufacturing plant managers to improve manufacturing capabilities.Design/methodology/approach– In the present research work, a questionnaire-based survey was used to examine 35 LM frameworks. The study targeted respondents ranging from top- and middle-level management personnel in Indian manufacturing industry. The sample includes organizations in a variety of industries ranging from automobile, electronics, engineering, process and textile industries products. The survey tool was prepared with team of 12 members i.e. six academicians and six professionals from manufacturing industry environment. The study received 186 responses from various sectors of manufacturing industry, 180 surveys were usable resulting in a response rate of 23.90 per cent. Factor analysis was conducted to check unidimentionality of the framework. Cronbach’s alpha is calculated to find reliability of each framework’s. Lastly, frequency analysis was used to recognize familiar constructs of LM on the chosen framework.Findings– This study has identified that most of the LM frameworks revealed a high level of reliability. When the study has examined further advance about unidimensionality with respect to the construct, i.e. the LM it measures, it confirmed 11 frameworks were revealing unidimensionality. The frequency analysis was evident that a greater part of the constructs has a high mean score and mode. Finally, the research concludes that there is requirement for a novel framework to Indian manufacturing industry to stay in competition with global manufacturing industries.Research limitations/implications– Cross-sectional data from manufacturing industries and India (only one country) is used with sample size restricted to 180 only, and it would be interesting to test these frameworks for more than one industry sector and country.Practical implications– The present work tries to find the suitability of the presented LM frameworks to Indian manufacturing industry sector. The authors hoped that the present research would give the information to the management to execute the suitable LM framework in their firm.Originality/value– The present work tries to find the suitability of the presented LM frameworks to Indian manufacturing industry sector. The authors hoped that the present research would give the information to the management to execute the suitable LM framework in their firm.
Revisiting Islamic education: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Roslan Mohd Nor Mohd , Malim Maksum 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to attempt to examine the aims and objectives outlined in the formation of Islamic education in Indonesia. This study also looks at the development of Islamic education in general and the various approaches taken by the Indonesian Government.Design/methodology/approach– This study has mainly used a library research methodology. The data relevant to the study were collected and analysed by using an analytical approach.Findings– The study found that there is a significant contribution from the Ministry in formulation of Islamic Education policy in Indonesia.Originality/value– Indonesia is the largest Muslim majority country in the world. Islamic education in Indonesia has been around for a long time. In modern days, many have tried to study on Islamic education in terms of philosophy and objectives to be achieved. This study addresses the Islamic education in Indonesia; hence, it provides values for readers, researchers and those who are involved in future studies of this country.