bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon storage in tropical forests correlates with taxonomic diversity and functional dominance on a global scale
Authors: Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Gosnell J. Stephen , Davis Samantha L. , Ahumada Jorge , Boundja Patrick , Clark David B. , Mugerwa Badru , Jansen Patrick A. , O'Brien Timothy G. , Rovero Francesco , Sheil Douglas , Vasquez Rodolfo , Andelman Sandy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimWe examined (1) the relationships between aboveground tropical forestCstorage, biodiversity and environmental drivers and (2) how these relationships inform theory concerning ecosystem function and biodiversity. Experiments have shown that there is a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but intense debate exists on the underlying mechanisms. While some argue that mechanisms such as niche complementarity increase ecosystem function, others argue that these relationships are a selection effect.LocationEleven tropical forests in theAmericas,Africa andAsia.MethodsWe analysed the correlates of biodiversity and carbon storage in tropical forests using data from 59 1‐ha tree plots from a standardized global tropical forest biodiversity‐monitoring network. We examined taxonomic and functional diversity, abovegroundCstorage and environmental variables in order to determine the relationships between biodiversity and carbon storage in natural (non‐plantation) tropical forests.ResultsWe found that abovegroundCstorage in tropical forests increased with both taxonomic diversity and functional dominance, specifically the dominance of genera with large maximum diameters, after potential environmental drivers were accounted for (final modelR2 = 0.38,P < 0.001).Main conclusionsOur results suggest that niche complementarity and the selection effect are not mutually exclusive: they both play a role in structuring tropical forests. While previous studies have documented relationships between diversity andCstorage, these have largely been conducted on small scales in biomes that are relatively species poor compared with tropical forests (e.g. grasslands and temperate or boreal forests). Our results demonstrate that these positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships are also present in hyperdiverse systems on spatial scales relevant to conservation and management. This insight can be used to inform the conservation and management of tropical forests, which play a critical role in the global carbon cycle and are some of the biologically richest ecosystems on the planet.
The status of gifts in the receiver's life: reasons for the transformation of commercial products into special, common or hated objects
Authors: Cruz‐Cárdenas Jorge 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWithin the framework of consumer behaviour, products received as gifts are a complex accumulation of values and meanings that continue to change over time, from their origin as primarily commercial products until their disposition. Through a survey of 1088 adults in Ecuador, a Latin American country with a high level of collectivism, this study aimed to determine the predictors of the gift's status in the receiver's life. Results showed that the comparison of the giver's and receiver's resources and ages, the receiver's liking for the product received, being a gift from a first‐time giver, the receiver's satisfaction with the experience and the impact of the gift on the giver–receiver relationship were significant predictors of whether a commercial product received as a gift would become a special, common or hated object for the receiver.
Perceptions and preference for fresh seafood in an Australian context
Authors: McManus Alexandra , Hunt Wendy , Storey Jessica , McManus Jennifer , Hilhorst Samantha 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSeafood as a whole food is highly nutritious. It is an important dietary source of protein, omega‐3 fatty acids and a wide array of highly bioavailable micronutrients. Despite the established health benefits associated with fish and seafood consumption, in Australia consumption levels still remain below those recommended for health. Although considerable research has been carried out on enablers and barriers to seafood consumption, the reasons Australian consumers do not consume recommended amounts of seafood while stating they would like to consume more seafood are complex and have not been fully illuminated. This paper reports on the development and results of a self‐administered questionnaire that aimed to identify consumer perceptions and preferences for fresh and frozen seafood. Data were collected through intercept surveys at an Australian university and 239 valid responses were received. Results confirmed respondent preference for fresh fish and seafood. There was significant confusion among respondents about what constitutes fresh seafood, with the term ‘fresh’ having different meanings to different respondents. Over half of respondents understood the term fresh to relate to seafood having been caught that same day. In comparison, approximately 15% understood fresh to reflect the accepted definition of having never been frozen. Additionally, results indicated respondents find it difficult to recognize if seafood is fresh, particularly in comparison with other meats. There is significant potential for the development of regulations for labelling of unpackaged seafood in order to allow consumers to make informed decisions about their purchases.
Exploring opportunities for providing pharmacists with feedback on their practice and performance around the electronic Minor Ailments Service in Scotland
Authors: Paudyal Vibhu , Hansford Denise , Cunningham Scott , Stewart Derek 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The electronic Minor Ailments Service (e-MAS), implemented in all community pharmacies in Scotland since 2006, allows pharmacists to manage minor ailments at no charge to patients including provision of medication, advice or referral. E-MAS is supported through an electronic network, ‘E-pharmacy’, which is managed by National Health Service Scotland. E-pharmacy has the capacity to remotely record e-MAS activities, such as details of medicines supply and patient registration allowing provision of feedback to community pharmacies.

Objective
The aim of this research was to explore community pharmacists' views on potential utility of e-MAS performance data as a source of feedback on the quality of their own practice.

Method
Focus groups and telephone interviews with community pharmacists from four geographical Health Board areas in Scotland were utilised.

Key findings
Twenty community pharmacists took part in the study. Pharmacists highlighted potential for feedback to support practice in areas related to medicines supply (for example, formulary adherence and reimbursements to pharmacies from the Health Boards), patient registration and the impact of the new guidelines on their practice. Participants deemed individualised feedback to be potentially more useful than local or national aggregated data sets. Issues of confidentiality and participants' disinterest in feedback were potential barriers to the use of the data.

Conclusions
This qualitative study has identified potential benefits of performance feedback data to pharmacists' practice. Key barriers to the use of the feedback, such as the issues of privacy and confidentiality need to be addressed by National Health Service information providers. Findings warrant further large scale evaluation of their application to practice.
A multicentre double‐blind comparative trial of zimeldine and imipramine in primary major depressive disorders
Authors: Hiramatsu K‐I. , Takahashi R. , Mori A. , Inoue R. , Kazamatsuri H. , Murasaki M. , Sakuma A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT— Zimeldine, a new antidepressant with a selective inhibition of 5‐HT reuptake, was compared with imipramine in a double‐blind comparative study. The trial was conducted on 95 patients with primary major depressive disorder, of endogenous character. During the 4‐week study period clinical efficacy was evaluated by using the Hamilton Depression (HAM‐D) scale, Beck's Inventory and global ratings.Zimeldine (100 mg b.d.) was shown to have as good an antidepressive effect as imipramine (50 mg t.d.s.) when evaluated on the HAM‐D scale. Assessment of the symptom improvement on this rating scale suggested that zimeldine was more effective in improving the patient's insight of the disease.There was no significant difference between zimeldine and imipramine as assessed by a final global improvement rating scale as well as by the patient's own impression.Exploratory data analysis revealed that zimeldine was significantly more effective than imipramine in the following groups; patients over 40 years of age; patients whose initial onset of illness occurred at over 40 years; patients with a history of at least three episodes of depressive illness; patients with mild to moderate depression; and patients who had previously failed to show an appreciable response to other antidepressant treatment. Analysis of global safety ratings revealed that zimeldine is significantly safer than imipramine, with a lower incidence of adverse symptoms involving the autonomic nervous system, especially anticholinergic reactions.No significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to abnormal laboratory reports. One zimeldine patient developed symptoms suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction (fever, skin eruption and elevation of plasma levels of transaminases), which led to the patient's withdrawal from drug treatment.
A comparison of zimeldine and amitriptyline on cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers
Authors: Wester H. A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT— The cardiovascular effects of zimeldine (200 mg) and amitriptyline (150 mg) for 6 days were compared in a study involving 10 healthy volunteers. No significant changes were found in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure or left ventricular contractility when patients were taking zimeldine. With amitriptyline, significant changes were seen at some point during the trial period for all these parameters. No significant changes were seen in the ECGs recorded.Thus, zimeldine appears to be free of adverse effects on contractility, but amitriptyline appears to have a negative inotropic effect.
The influence of perceived accountability and outcome interdependence on goals and effort
Authors: Converse Patrick D. , Piccone Katrina , Lockamy Christen N. , Miloslavic Stephanie A. , Mysiak Kamil , Pathak Jaya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelf‐regulatory processes are central to achievement contexts, as individuals spend much of their time in these situations pursuing goals. This study investigated the effects of accountability and outcome interdependence on goal and effort regulation over time. Participants completed five task trials, reporting goals and intended effort prior to each trial and receiving performance feedback after each trial. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that there was a positive within‐person relationship between performance and subsequent goals. More importantly, findings indicated that the performance–goal relationship was moderated by accountability and the performance–effort relationship was moderated by outcome interdependence. These results reveal that the goal and effort regulation patterns observed in prior studies are influenced by common social contextual factors, leading to different patterns of self‐regulation.
Dutch adolescents' tolerance ofMuslim immigrants: the role of assimilation ideology, intergroup contact, and national identification
Authors: Gieling Maike , Thijs Jochem , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study set out to examine nativeDutch adolescents' tolerance (N = 1,139) of Muslim immigrants in relation to the endorsement of assimilation, national identification, and contact with ethnic minority peers. The focus was on two dimensions of tolerance: the acceptance of practices byMuslim actors, andMuslims persuading co‐believers to engage in the same practices. Tolerance was found to be higher for the practices than for persuading others. Higher endorsement of assimilation was related to lower levels of tolerance, and this relation was stronger for higher compared to lower national identifiers. Assimilation mediated the positive relationship between intergroup contact and tolerance. These effects did not differ for the two dimensions of tolerance. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Retarded low‐dose doxycycline for EGFR or MEK inhibitor–induced papulopustular rash
Authors: Vaubel J. , Livingstone E. , Schadendorf D. , Zimmer L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) and MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are notorious for causing papulopustular rash. Treatment recommendations from studies and expert panels include, amongst others, oral tetracyclines. The efficacy of retarded low‐dose doxycycline (rld‐doxycycline), however, has not been investigated. The objective was to review the response and development of EGFRi‐ and MEKi‐induced rash under therapy with rld‐doxycycline.Patients and methodA retrospective review of all patients treated with rld‐doxycyline 40 mg once daily between September 2011 and June 2012 for papulopustular rash. Rash development and severity (according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events V4.0) were assessed.ResultsSeventeen patients (13 men, 4 women) were treated with rld‐doxycycline while receiving EGFRi [monoclonal antibodies (mab) n = 8, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) n = 7] or MEKi (n = 2). In 47% (n = 8) the rash was reduced by at least one grade, in 29% (n = 5) the rash was stabilized, 24% (n = 4) did not profit from the treatment. All patients treated with an EGFR‐TKi or a MEKi profited of the rld‐doxycycline. All patients who experienced deterioration were on treatment with an EGFR‐mab.ConclusionsRld‐doxycyline can improve EGFR‐TKi‐ and MEKi‐induced rash severity. Its effectiveness appears to be inferior to doxycycline 200 mg/day in more severe cases and in EGFR‐mab‐induced rash, but due to the advantageous side‐effect profile, rld‐doxycycline should be considered as a possible treatment option for papulopustular rash. Prospective, randomized trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Changes in C‐reactive protein in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis switched to adalimumab therapy after suboptimal response to etanercept, methotrexate or phototherapy
Authors: Strober B.E. , Poulin Y. , Teller C. , Wang Y. , Williams D.A. , Goldblum O.M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis treatment can lower levels of the inflammatory biomarker C‐reactive protein (CRP).ObjectiveEvaluate CRP changes in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis who switched to adalimumab following suboptimal response to previous therapies.MethodsC‐reactive protein was measured at screening and after 16 weeks of adalimumab treatment following discontinuation of previous therapies: etanercept (substudy E; n = 77), methotrexate (substudy M; n = 38) or narrow‐band ultraviolet B phototherapy (substudy P; n = 27). Associations of CRP with baseline characteristics and efficacy measures were evaluated.ResultsMedian CRP change at the final visit was −0.3 mg/L overall and −0.4, −0.3 and −0.3 mg/L in substudies E, M and P respectively. Clinical response [Physician Global Assessment (PGA) ‘clear’ or ‘minimal’] was associated with greater CRP reductions vs. no response (PGA ‘mild’ or worse) overall (−0.4 vs. −0.3 mg/L) and in substudies E (−0.4 vs. −0.1 mg/L) and M (−0.5 vs. −0.2 mg/L), but not P (−0.1 vs. −0.4 mg/L). CRP decreases were, respectively, −0.4 and −0.3 mg/L in patients with and without a history of psoriatic arthritis and −0.1, −0.3 and −0.6 mg/L in normal weight, overweight and obese patients, respectively. CRP decreases after 16 weeks correlated positively (β = 0.004) with percentage change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI; P = 0.0398) and negatively (β = −0.360) with baseline CRP (P < 0.0001).ConclusionC‐reactive protein levels decreased during adalimumab therapy in patients with psoriasis who experienced suboptimal response to previous therapies. Clinical response was associated with greater CRP reductions overall and in substudies E and M, but not P. CRP reductions correlated with percentage reductions in PASI.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Sharon G , Pimenta‐Leibowitz M , Vilchis M C L , Isakov N , Zilberg D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg−1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).
Recovery of Hafnia alvei from diseased brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and healthy noble crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.), in Bulgaria
Authors: Orozova P , Sirakov I , Chikova V , Popova R , Al‐Harbi A H , Crumlish M , Austin B 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHafnia alvei was isolated in Bulgaria from healthy noble crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.), and then from farmed diseased brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia. The isolates were identified initially with conventional phenotyping and commercial Merlin Micronaut and API 20E rapid identification systems, followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Hafnia alvei Bt1, Bt2 and Aa4 were of low virulence to rainbow trout and brown trout, although cytotoxicity was demonstrated by Bt1 and Bt2, but not by Aa4.
Effect of Fermentation and Roasting on the Phenolic Concentration and Antioxidant Activity of Cocoa from Nicaragua
Authors: Suazo Yader , Davidov‐Pardo Gabriel , Arozarena Iñigo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to quantify the changes in the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and color hue (CH) of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans of group Trinitario from Nicaragua after fermentation and roasting. Cocoa beans with three different grades of fermentation (nonfermented, poorly fermented and fermented) were put under three different roasting temperatures (110, 130 and 150C). The kinetics of the roasting at 130C for 60 min was also studied. After each treatment, TPC, AA and CH were determined. For all the quantified parameters, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between fermentations and roasting conditions. TPC and AA showed decrease with fermentations and CH showed increases. Roasting decreased TPC except for the 150C treatment, while AA and CH increased. When studying the kinetics at 130C, TPC showed greater reductions with longer treatments while AA and CH showed increases.Practical ApplicationsCocoa (T. cacao) is a rich source of polyphenols with benefits for human health and is the main raw material for elaboration of chocolate. However, the processes to create the desirable organoleptic characteristics of the cocoa beans to produce chocolate affect the concentration of polyphenols and the AA of the beans. Cocoa beans are produced in developing countries in America, Asia and Africa. Nicaragua has become an important producer of cocoa turning it into a popular cash crop and there are not any articles that study the profile and changes in the cocoa from Nicaragua. The results of this paper could be used among the producing cooperatives of cacao in Nicaragua, or even nongovernmental organizations involved in cocoa production, to improve the processing (fermentation and roasting) of cocoa to obtain cocoa beans richer in antioxidants, and therefore increase their nutritional value to create a more competitive product.
Care and Respect for Elders in Emergencies Program: A Preliminary Report of a Volunteer Approach to Enhance Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sanon Martine , Baumlin Kevin M. , Kaplan Shari Sirkin , Grudzen Corita R. 
Published: January 2014

Older adults who present to an emergency department (ED) generally have more‐complex medical conditions with complicated care needs and are at high risk for preventable adverse outcomes during their ED visit. The Care and Respect for Elders with Emergencies (CARE) volunteer initiative is a geriatric‐focused volunteer program developed to help prevent avoidable complications such as falls, delirium and use of restraints, and functional decline in vulnerable elders in the ED. The CARE program consists of bedside volunteer interventions ranging from conversation to various short activities designed to engage and reorient high‐risk, older, unaccompanied individuals in the ED. This article describes the development and characteristics of the CARE program, the services provided, the experiences of the elderly patients and their volunteers, and the growth of the program over time.CARE volunteers provide elders with the additional attention needed in an often chaotic, unfamiliar environment by enhancing their care, improving satisfaction, and preventing potential decline.