bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the boundedness of the maximal operators of double Walsh-logarithmic means of Marcinkiewicz type
Authors: Goginava Ushangi , Nagy Károly 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the (H
p, L
p)-type inequality for the maximal operators of Riesz and Nörlund logarithmic means of the quadratical partial sums of Walsh-Fourier series. Moreover, we show that the behavior of Nörlund logarithmic means is worse than the behavior of Riesz logarithmic means in our special sense.
Spatial patterns of snow accumulation across Belcher Glacier, Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Sylvestre Tyler , Copland Luke , Demuth Michael N. , Sharp Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGround-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys at a center frequency of 500 MHz were used to determine winter (2007/08) and net annual (2005–07) snow water equivalent (SWE) patterns across the upper parts of Belcher Glacier, Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada. The GPR measurements were validated against snow depths determined from avalanche probe measurements, and converted to SWE values using densities measured with a down-borehole neutron density probe and in shallow snow pits. Distinct internal reflection horizons (IRHs) in the GPR record were formed during warm summers in 2007 and 2005, and a large rain event in summer 2006 which caused ice to accumulate above the 2005 melt surface. Elevation provides the dominant control on winter SWE distribution across the basin, with surface topography (e.g. gullies) also being locally important. Based on the location where IRHs intersected the ice-cap surface, the basin-wide firn line occurred at an altitude of 1260–1300 m over the period 2005–08. Net mass balance across the accumulation area of Belcher Glacier averaged 0.24 m w.e. a−1over the period 2005–07, mainly dependent on altitude. This is a little higher than most previous estimates for the period since the 1960s, although the differences lie within error limits.
Controls on short-term variations in Greenland glacier dynamics
Authors: Sundal A.V. , Shepherd A. , van den Broeke M. , Van Angelen J. , Gourmelen N. , Park J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractShort-term ice-dynamical processes at Greenland’s Jakobshavn and Kangerdlugssuaq glaciers were studied using a 3 day time series of synthetic aperture radar data acquired during the 2011 European Remote-sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) 3 day repeat campaign together with modelled meteorological parameters. The time series spans the period March–July 2011 and captures the first ∼30% of the summer melting season. In both study areas, we observe velocity fluctuations at the lower ∼10 km of the glacier. At Jakobshavn Isbræ, where our dataset covers the first part of the seasonal calving-front retreat, we identify ten calving episodes, with a mean calving-front area loss of 1.29 ± 0.4 km2. Significant glacier speed-up was observed in the near-terminus area following all calving episodes. We identify changes in calving-front geometry as the dominant control on velocity fluctuations on both glaciers, apart from a <15% early-summer speed-up at Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier during a period of calving-front advance, which we attribute to enhanced surface melt-induced basal lubrication. Our 3 day velocity maps show new spatial characteristics of the ice melange flow variability in the Jakobshavn and Kangerdlugssuaq fjord systems, which are primarily controlled by calving-front dynamics and fjord geometry.
L'ouragan Katrina, un désastre fondateur pour l'éducation publique : la réforme du système éducatif de La Nouvelle-Orléans
Authors: Sloane Amy L. 
Published: August 2013

L’article traite de la logique du raisonnement sur la reconstruction de l’éducation publique après l’ouragan Katrina qui dévasta La Nouvelle-Orléans en 2005. Katrina a été vu, à travers les efforts et les débats incessants pour la reconstruction du système d’enseignement public de Louisiane, comme un moment de grande signification sociale : visibilité du racisme ancré dans tous les aspects de la vie et occasion d’une réforme majeure. En centrant l’analyse sur le raisonnement qui rend inséparables le désastre et les fondements de l’éducation, l’article permet de soulever la question de ses effets, de souligner ce qu’il met en jeu et de comprendre autrement le désastre et la refondation éducative. En puisant dans l’œuvre méthodologique d’Agamben et dans celle de Foucault, plusieurs aspects de cette inséparabilité sont étudiés : l’opportunité du changement, l’éducabilité et la qualité des enseignants, l’histoire et la communauté. L’analyse des vues contradictoires des réformateurs et de leurs critiques montre qu’ils partagent la même logique de raisonnement, celle d’un déni à déconstruire et à abandonner. L’analyse veut contribuer à suspendre ce raisonnement pour présenter une tout autre tâche éducative, celle d’unir une communauté dans le partage de ce qui n’a jamais été.
Apoptosis-Associated Speck–like Protein Containing a Caspase Recruitment Domain Inflammasomes Mediate IL-1β Response and Host Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Silva Grace Kelly , Costa Renata Sesti , Silveira Tatiana Nunes , Caetano Braulia Costa , Horta Catarina Veltrini , Gutierrez Fredy Roberto Salazar , Guedes Paulo Marcos da Matta , Andrade Warrison Athanásio , De Niz Mariana , Gazzinelli Ricardo Tostes , Zamboni Dario Simões , Silva João Santana 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The innate immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection comprises several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR-2, -4, -7, and -9, as well as the cytosolic receptor Nod1. However, there are additional PRRs that account for the host immune responses to T. cruzi. In this context, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptors (NLRs) that activate the inflammasomes are candidate receptors that deserve renewed investigation. Following pathogen infection, NLRs form large molecular platforms, termed inflammasomes, which activate caspase-1 and induce the production of active IL-1β and IL-18. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of inflammasomes in T. cruzi infection and demonstrated that apoptosis-associated speck–like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) inflammasomes, including NLR family, pyrin domain–containing 3 (NLRP3), but not NLR family, caspase recruitment domain–containing 4 or NLR family, pyrin domain–containing 6, are required for triggering the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β. The mechanism by which T. cruzi mediates the activation of the ASC/NLRP3 pathway involves K+ efflux, lysosomal acidification, reactive oxygen species generation, and lysosomal damage. We also demonstrate that despite normal IFN-γ production in the heart, ASC−/− and caspase-1−/− infected mice exhibit a higher incidence of mortality, cardiac parasitism, and heart inflammation. These data suggest that ASC inflammasomes are critical determinants of host resistance to infection with T. cruzi.
Transcriptional Regulation of IL-15 Expression during Hematopoiesis
Authors: Colpitts Sara L. , Stonier Spencer W. , Stoklasek Thomas A. , Root Sierra H. , Aguila Hector Leonardo , Schluns Kimberly S. , Lefrançois Leo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most commonly studied source of the cytokine IL-15. Using an IL-15 reporter transgenic mouse, we have recently shown previously unappreciated differences in the levels of IL-15 expressed by subsets of conventional DCs (CD8+ and CD8−). In this study, we show that IL-15 promoter activity was differentially regulated in subsets of hematopoietically derived cells with IL-15 expression largely limited to myeloid lineages. In contrast, mature cells of the lymphoid lineages expressed little to no IL-15 activity. Surprisingly, we discovered that hematopoietic stem cells (lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit+) expressed high levels of IL-15, suggesting that IL-15 expression was extinguished during lymphoid development. In the case of T cells, this downregulation was Notch-dependent and occurred in a stepwise pattern coincident with increasing maturation and commitment to a T cell fate. Finally, we further demonstrate that IL-15 expression was also controlled throughout DC development, with key regulatory activity of IL-15 production occurring at the pre-DC branch point, leading to the generation of both IL-15+CD8+ and IL-15−/lowCD8− DC subsets. Thus, IL-15 expression is coordinated with cellular fate in myeloid versus lymphoid immune cells.
On the Comaximal Graph of a Commutative Ring
Authors: Samei Karim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet R be a commutative ring with 1. In a 1995 paper in J. Algebra, Sharma and Bhatwadekar defined a graph on R, Γ(R), with vertices as elements of R, where two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if and only if Ra + Rb = R. In this paper, we consider a subgraph Γ2(R) of Γ(R) that consists of non-unit elements. We investigate the behavior of Γ2(R) and Γ2(R)\J(R), where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R. We associate the ring properties of R, the graph properties of Γ(R), and the topological properties of Max(R). Diameter, girth, cycles and dominating sets are investigated, and algebraic and topological characterizations are given for graphical properties of these graphs.
Les programmes d’infrastructures municipales du gouvernement fédéral : une analyse de la gouvernance multiniveau au Canada
Authors: Champagne Eric 
Published: August 2013

Les programmes d’infrastructures municipales du gouvernement fédéral illustrent l’évolution de la gouvernance multiniveau dans le contexte canadien car ils sollicitent un partage de responsabilités entre les trois ordres de gouvernement : fédéral, provincial et municipal. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous intéressons à la portée de ces programmes sur la dynamique intergouvernementale dans une perspective tripartite. Notre analyse se veut un bilan historique des instruments de politiques publiques et des arrangements institutionnels en matière de dépenses en infrastructures. La première question de recherche porte sur la résilience de la gouvernance multiniveau : ces programmes ont-ils un caractère permanent ou pourraient-ils facilement être abolis selon la conjoncture politique ? La seconde a trait aux instruments de politiques publiques : quels sont les arrangements institutionnels et la forme des pactes intergouvernementaux mis en place pour permettre au gouvernement fédéral d’intervenir dans le secteur des infrastructures municipales ? Pour analyser les instruments, une typologie comprenant trois modèles de financement est développée.
La gestion de la qualité de l’air en Belgique : une gouvernance multiniveau entre incertitudes politiques et techniques
Authors: Vanhaeren Stéphanie , Feron Pauline , Hendrickx Kim , Fallon Catherine 
Published: August 2013

La gouvernance de l’État belge est caractérisée par un double processus de reconfiguration : vers le haut, par les dynamiques d’européanisation, et vers le bas, par un processus de régionalisation approfondi. Par exemple, le domaine de l’environnement est aujourd’hui régionalisé, mais de nombreuses décisions sont prises au niveau de l’Union européenne, dont les instances décisionnelles n’intègrent pas pleinement le fait régional. Cet article s’appuie sur une étude menée auprès des instances fédérales et régionales chargées de la gestion de la qualité de l’air en Belgique. La traduction du cadre européen demanderait le déploiement d’une approche transversale environnement-santé associant tous les niveaux de pouvoir, mais les répondants dénoncent l’absence d’intégration de ces politiques aux niveaux régional et fédéral. Chaque niveau de pouvoir développe une dynamique propre pour réinterpréter la politique et les instruments définis au niveau européen.
La fête du Travail à Montréal le premier lundi de septembre, symbole de l’affirmation
de la classe ouvrière dans l’espace public (1886-1952)1
Authors: Rouillard Jacques 
Published: August 2013

Au Canada et au Québec, la fête légale du Travail est célébrée le premier lundi de
septembre. Pourquoi cette fête a-t-elle lieu à cette date ? Rien ne vient marquer ce jour
consacré au travail et aucune organisation ne la commémore ou n’en explique le sens. Sa
signification originelle est tombée dans l’oubli. Cette journée a pourtant déjà donné lieu à
un imposant défilé des travailleurs à Montréal pendant plus de cinquante ans (1886-1952).
Organisée par les syndicats internationaux, la marche a réuni, dans un ordre presque
militaire, des milliers de travailleurs syndiqués dans les rues avec bannières, drapeaux,
plusieurs fanfares et chars allégoriques. En occupant collectivement un espace publique, les
syndiqués voulaient manifester de manière symbolique la dignité de leur travail, la force du
syndicalisme et leur identité comme classe sociale. C’est dans ce sens également que la
manifestation était comprise par les éditorialistes, les hommes politiques et les autorités
religieuses. Ce défilé annuel très bien structuré est le plus imposant de l’histoire du
Québec en termes de participation au cortège, à tout le moins jusqu’à la Deuxième Guerre
mondiale. Après avoir connu une grande popularité, la participation des syndiqués s’effrite
après la guerre, la célébration étant victime de changements dans la composition du
membership syndical et touchée aussi par l’avènement de la société de
consommation.
Distribution and environmental relationships of three species of wolffish (Anarhichas spp.) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Dutil J.‐D. , Proulx S. , Chouinard P.‐M. , Borcard D. , Larocque R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study examines the spatial distribution of three species of wolffish in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the basis of trawl surveys.A standardized method is proposed to assess species–habitat associations for the purpose of management and recovery of endangered marine species.Catch data (presence/absence in trawl sets) and landscape and environmental characteristics of the sea floor were aggregated using a common grid (100 km2 cells), and species–habitat relationships were explored using geospatial tools.Relative occurrence was lower and area of occupancy and concentration were much smaller for the northern wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus) than for the spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), with the striped wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) being most widespread. Significant relationships were observed between values of the local spatial autocorrelation Gi* statistic and habitat descriptors for each of the three species.Hot spots for spotted and striped wolffish occurred in areas where a greater diversity of relief and habitats was found. They were associated with intermediate depths, coarse sediments and rock outcrops, and lower salinities and temperatures than for northern wolffish.Northern wolffish appeared to be associated mainly with the deep water sloped habitat bordering deep channels, whereas spotted and striped wolffish both concentrated most intensively into neighbouring deep water shelf habitats and relatively cold shallow to mid‐depth shelf habitats of the northern Gulf.The RDA analysis indicated a significant relationship between Gi* scores of the three species and environmental variables. The model explained 52% of the variability in the data; northern wolffish showed a distinct relationship compared with the two other species.The conservation of marine species and protection of their habitats pose a major challenge given the limited amount of information typically available on rare species and the scale and complexity of marine processes that affect those species. The broad‐scale approach presented here allows the provision of advice on important habitats on the basis of the best available knowledge. Copyright © 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
Aggregation and Cooperative Effects in the Aldol Reactions of Lithium Enolates
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , de Cózar Abel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Zangi Ronen , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDensity functional theory and Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for model aldol reactions involving aggregates of lithium enolates derived from acetaldehyde and acetone. Formaldehyde and acetone have been used as electrophiles. It is found that the geometries of the enolate aggregates are in general determined by the most favorable arrangements of the point charges within the respective LinOnclusters. The reactivity of the enolates follows the sequence monomer≫dimer>tetramer. In lithium aggregates, the initially formed aldol adducts must rearrange to form more stable structures in which the enolate and alkoxide oxygen atoms are within the respective LinOnclusters. Positive cooperative effects, similar to allosteric effects found in several proteins, are found for the successive aldol reactions in aggregates. The corresponding transition structures show in general sofa geometries.
Chemiluminescent Logic Gates Based on Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: He Yi , Cui Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLabel‐free logic gates (AND, OR, and INHIBIT) based on chemiluminescence (CL) as new optical readout signal have been developed by taking advantage of the unique CL activity of luminol‐ and lucigenin‐functionalized gold nanoparticles/graphene oxide (luminol‐lucigenin/AuNPs/GO) nanocomposites. It was found that Fe2+ ions could induce the CL emission of luminol‐lucigenin/AuNPs/GO nanocomposites in alkaline solution. On this basis, by using Fe2+ ions and NaOH as the inputs and the CL signal as the output, an AND logic gate was fabricated. When the initial reaction system contained luminol‐lucigenin/AuNPs/GO nanocomposites and NaOH, either Fe2+ ions or Ag+ ions could react with the luminol‐lucigenin/AuNPs/GO nanocomposites to produce a strong CL emission. This result was used to design an OR logic gate using Fe2+ ions and Ag+ ions as the inputs and CL signal as the output. Moreover, two INHIBIT logic gates for Fe2+ and Ag+ were also developed using by NaClO and L‐cysteine as their CL inhibitors, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed logic gates were successfully used to detect Fe2+, Ag+, and L‐cysteine, respectively. The developed logic gates may find future applications in sensing, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
Status and Development in Hydrogen Transport and Storage for Energy Applications
Authors: Müller Karsten , Arlt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHydrogen has been discussed as an option for energy storage for decades, but research and development efforts have accelerated within the last few years. The main drawback of energy storage using hydrogen is the low volumetric storage density. A broad spectrum of technologies has been developed to make storage and transport of energy using hydrogen feasible. Many of these approaches shift the challenge from volumetric to gravimetric storage density. Furthermore the electricity‐to‐electricity efficiency is a demanding topic in the field of hydrogen energy. This review gives an overview of the different approaches suggested so far, from the storage of elemental hydrogen to the reversible and irreversible conversion of hydrogen.
What's causing toxicity in sediments? Results of 20 years of toxicity identification and evaluations
Authors: Ho Kay T. , Burgess Robert M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Sediment toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods have been used for 20 yr to identify the causes of toxicity in sediments around the world. In the present study, the authors summarize and categorize results of 36 peer-reviewed TIE studies (67 sediments) into nonionic organic, cationic, ammonia, and “other” toxicant groups. Results are then further categorized according to whether the study was performed in freshwater or marine sediments and whether the study was performed using whole-sediment or interstitial-water TIE methods. When all studies were grouped, nonionic organic toxicants, either singly or in combination with other toxicants, were implicated in 70% of all studies. When studies were divided into interstitial-water TIE methodology compared with whole-sediment TIE methodology, results indicated that studies performed using interstitial-water TIE methods reported nonionic organic toxicity slightly more often than toxicity from cationic metals (67% compared with 49%). In contrast, studies using whole-sediment TIE methods report nonionic organic chemical toxicity, either singly or in combination with another toxicant, in 90% of all sediments tested. Cationic metals play a much smaller role in whole-sediment TIE studies—fewer than 20% of all sediments had a metals signal. The discrepancy between the 2 methods can be attributed to exposure differences. Contrary to earlier findings, ammonia generally plays only a minor role in sediment toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2424–2432. © 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sensitive multiplex detection of serological liver cancer biomarkers using SERS‐active photonic crystal fiber probe
Authors: Dinish U. S. , Balasundaram Ghayathri , Chang Young Tae , Olivo Malini 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy possesses the most promising advantage of multiplex detection for biosensing applications, which is achieved due to the narrow ‘fingerprint’ Raman spectra from the analyte molecules. We developed an ultrasensitive platform for the multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers by combining the SERS technique with a hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF). Axially aligned air channels inside the HCPCF provide an excellent platform for optical sensing using SERS. In addition to the flexibility of optical fibers, HCPCF provides better light confinement and a larger interaction length for the guided light and the analyte, resulting in an improvement in sensitivity to detect low concentrations of bioanalytes in extremely low sample volumes. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the sensitive multiplex detection of biomarkers immobilized inside the HCPCF using antibody‐conjugated SERS‐active nanoparticles (SERS nanotags). As a proof‐of‐concept for targeted multiplex detection, initially we carried out the sensing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biomarker in oral squamous carcinoma cell lysate using three different SERS nanotags. Subsequently, we also achieved simultaneous detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers‐alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) secreted in the supernatant from Hep3b cancer cell line. Using a SERS‐HCPCF sensing platform, we could successfully demonstrate the multiplex detection in an extremely low sample volume of ∼20 nL. In future, this study may lead to sensitive biosensing platform for the low concentration detection of biomarkers in an extremely low sample volume of body fluids to achieve early diagnosis of multiple diseases. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)