bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grids of stellar models with rotation
Authors: Sibony Yves , Shepherd Kendall G. , Yusof Norhasliza , Hirschi Raphael , Chambers Caitlan , Tsiatsiou Sophie , Nandal Devesh , Sciarini Luca , Moyano Facundo D. , Bétrisey Jérôme , Buldgen Gaël , Georgy Cyril , Ekström Sylvia , Eggenberger Patrick , Meynet Georges 
Published: July 2024

Context. Grids of stellar evolution models with rotation using the Geneva stellar evolution code (GENEC) have been published for a wide range of metallicities.
Aims. We introduce the last remaining grid of GENEC models, with a metallicity of Z = 10−5. We study the impact of this extremely metal-poor initial composition on various aspects of stellar evolution, and compare it to the results from previous grids at other metallicities. We provide electronic tables that can be used to interpolate between stellar evolution tracks and for population synthesis.
Methods. Using the same physics as in the previous papers of this series, we computed a grid of stellar evolution models with GENEC spanning masses between 1.7 and 500 M⊙, with and without rotation, at a metallicity of Z = 10−5.
Results. Due to the extremely low metallicity of the models, mass-loss processes are negligible for all except the most massive stars. For most properties (such as evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, lifetimes, and final fates), the present models fit neatly between those previously computed at surrounding metallicities. However, specific to this metallicity is the very large production of primary nitrogen in moderately rotating stars, which is linked to the interplay between the hydrogen- and helium-burning regions.
Conclusions. The stars in the present grid are interesting candidates as sources of nitrogen-enrichment in the early Universe. Indeed, they may have formed very early on from material previously enriched by the massive short-lived Population III stars, and as such constitute a very important piece in the puzzle that is the history of the Universe.
Redshift-dependent galaxy formation efficiency at z = 5 − 13 in the FirstLight Simulations
Authors: Ceverino D. , Nakazato Y. , Yoshida N. , Klessen R. S. , Glover S. C. O. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Some models of the formation of first galaxies predict low masses and faint objects at extremely high redshifts, z ≃ 9 − 15. However, the first observations of this epoch indicate a higher-than-expected number of bright (sometimes massive) galaxies.
Aims. Numerical simulations can help to elucidate the mild evolution of the bright end of the UV luminosity function and they can provide the link between the evolution of bright galaxies and variations of the galaxy formation efficiency across different redshifts.
Methods. We use the FirstLight database of 377 zoom-in cosmological simulations of a volume- and mass-complete sample of galaxies. Mock luminosities are estimated by a dust model constrained by observations of the β–MUV relation at z = 6 − 9.
Results. FirstLight contains a high number of bright galaxies, MUV ≤ −20, consistent with current data at z = 6 − 13. The evolution of the UV cosmic density is driven by the evolution of the galaxy efficiency and the relation between MUV and halo mass. The efficiency of galaxy formation increases significantly with mass and redshift. At a fixed mass, galactic halos at extremely high redshifts convert gas into stars at a higher rate than at lower redshifts. The high gas densities in these galaxies enable high efficiencies. Our simulations predict higher number densities of massive galaxies, M* ≃ 109 M⊙, than other models with constant efficiency.
Conclusions. Cosmological simulations of galaxy formation with detailed models of star formation and feedback can reproduce the different regimes of galaxy formation across cosmic history.
Skipping a beat: Discovery of persistent quasi-periodic oscillations associated with pulsed fraction drop of the spin signal in M51 ULX-7
Authors: Imbrogno Matteo , Motta Sara Elisa , Amato Roberta , Israel Gian Luca , Rodríguez Castillo Guillermo Andres , Brightman Murray , Casella Piergiorgio , Bachetti Matteo , Fürst Felix , Stella Luigi , Pinto Ciro , Pintore Fabio , Tombesi Francesco , Gúrpide Andrés , Middleton Matthew J. , Salvaggio Chiara , Tiengo Andrea , Belfiore Andrea , De Luca Andrea , Esposito Paolo , Wolter Anna , Earnshaw Hannah P. , Walton Dominic J. , Roberts Timothy P. , Zampieri Luca , Marelli Martino , Salvaterra Ruben 
Published: July 2024

Context. The discovery of pulsations in (at least) six ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has shown that neutron stars can accrete at (highly) super-Eddington rates, challenging the standard accretion theories. M51 ULX-7, with a spin signal of P ≃ 2.8 s, is the pulsating ULX (PULX) with the shortest known orbital period (Porb ≃ 2 d) and has been observed multiple times by XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR.
Aims. We report on the timing and spectral analyses of three XMM-Newton observations of M51 ULX-7 performed between the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022, together with a timing re-analysis of XMM-Newton, Chandra, and NuSTAR archival observations.
Methods. We investigated the spin signal by applying accelerated search techniques and studied the power spectrum through the fast Fourier transform, looking for (a)periodic variability in the source flux. We analysed the energy spectra of the 2021–2022 observations and compared them to the older ones.
Results. We report the discovery of a recurrent, significant (> 3σ) broad complex at mHz frequencies in the power spectra of M51 ULX-7. We did not detect the spin signal, setting a 3σ upper limit on the pulsed fraction of ≲10% for the single observation. The complex is significantly detected also in five Chandra observations performed in 2012.
Conclusions. M51 ULX-7 represents the second PULX for which we have a significant detection of mHz-QPOs at super-Eddington luminosities. These findings suggest that one should avoid using the observed QPO frequency to infer the mass of the accretor in a ULX. The absence of spin pulsations when the broad complex is detected suggests that the mechanism responsible for the aperiodic modulation also dampens the spin signal’s pulsed fraction. If true, this represents an additional obstacle in the detection of new PULXs suggesting an even larger occurrence of PULXs among ULXs.
The Pristine survey
Authors: de La Vernhe Isaure González Rivera , Hill Vanessa , Kordopatis Georges , Gran Felipe , Fernández-Alvar Emma , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Thomas Guillaume F. , Sestito Federico , Navarrete Camila , Martin Nicolas F. , Starkenburg Else , Viswanathan Akshara , Battaglia Giuseppina , Venn Kim A. , Vitali Sara 
Published: July 2024

Context. Metal-poor stars hold key information on the early Milky Way. Through the identification and characterisation of substructures, one can understand internal mechanisms (including merger and accretion events), which are indispensable to reconstruct the formation history of the Galaxy.
Aims. To allow an investigation of a population of very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < –1.7) with disc-like orbits (planar and prograde), high angular momenta (Lz/Jtot > 0.5) and rotational velocities (Vϕ > 180 km.s−1) proposed in the literature, we used a sample of ∼3 M giant stars with Gaia DR3 BP/RP information and Pristine-Gaia metallicities down to –4.0 dex that we aimed to decontaminate. To achieve this, we constructed a sample as free as possible from spurious photometric estimates, an issue commonly encountered for high Vϕ metal-poor stars.
Methods. We created a statistically robust sample of ∼36 000 Pristine-Gaia very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < –1.7) giant stars, using APOGEE and LAMOST data (adding GALAH and GSP-spec for verification) to estimate and remove contamination. We investigated the spatial and kinematic properties of the decontaminated sample, making use of Vϕ as well as the action space, which are both powerful tools to disentangle stellar populations.
Results. The global distribution of very metal-poor stars in our sample shows the typical kinematics, orbital properties, and spatial distributions of a halo; however, as in previous works, we found a pronounced asymmetry in the Lz and Vϕ distributions, in favour of prograde stars. We showed that this excess is predominantly due to prograde-planar stars (10% of the very metal-poor population), which can be detected down to [Fe/H] = –2.9 at a 2σ confidence level. This prograde-planar population contains stars with Vϕ > 180 km.s−1 and Zmax < 1.5 kpc. While the overall orbital configurations (Zmax − Rmax or action space distributions) of our sample match that of a halo, the highly prograde and planar subset (2% of the very metal-poor population) also bears characteristics classically associated with a thick disc: (i) a spatial distribution compatible with a short-scaled thick disc, (ii) a Zmax − Rmax distribution similar to the one expected from the thick disc prediction of the Gaia Universe Model Snapshot, and (iii) a challenge to erase its signature assuming a stationary or prograde halo with V¯ϕ∼30−40 km.s−1. Altogether, these results seem to rule out that these highly prograde and planar stars are part of a thin disc population and, instead, support a contribution from a metal-weak thick disc. Higher resolution spectra are needed to fully disentangle the origin(s) of the population.
Spectroscopy of eclipsing compact hierarchical triples
Authors: Moharana A. , Hełminiak K. G. , Marcadon F. , Pawar T. , Pawar G. , Konacki M. , Jordán A. , Brahm R. , Espinoza N. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Eclipsing compact hierarchical triples (CHTs) are systems in which a tertiary star orbits an eclipsing binary (EB) in an orbit of fewer than 1000 days. In a CHT, all three stars exist in a space that is less than 5 AU in radius. A low-mass CHT is an interesting case through which we can understand the formation of multiple stars and planets at such small scales.
Aims. In this study, we combine spectroscopy and photometry to estimate the orbital, stellar, and atmospheric parameters of stars in a sample of CHTs. Using the complete set of parameters, we aim to constrain the metallicity and age of the systems.
Methods. We used time-series spectroscopy to obtain radial velocities (RVs) and disentangled spectra. Using RV modelling, EB light curve modelling, and spectral analysis, we estimated the metallicities and temperatures. Using isochrone fitting, we constrained the ages of the system. We then combined observations of masses, outer eccentricities (e2), orbital periods, and age estimates of the systems from the literature. We compared the distributions of e2, and the tertiary mass ratio, q3 = M3/(M1 + M2), for three different metallicity ranges and two age ranges.
Results. We have estimated the masses, radii, temperatures, metallicities, and ages of 12 stars in four CHTs. The CHT CD-32 6459 shows signs of von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations, while CD-62 1257 can evolve to form a triple common envelope. The rest of the CHTs are old and have an M-dwarf tertiary. We find that the q3 distribution for CHTs with sub-solar metallicity has a uniform distribution but the systems with solar and above-solar metallicity peak between 0.5 and 1. When dividing them according to their ages, we find the q3 of old systems to be around 0.5. The eccentricity, e2, favours a value of around 0.3 irrespective of metallicity or age. The distributions of q3 and e2 resemble the distributions of the mass ratio and eccentricity of close field binaries.
Testing the volume integrals of travel-time sensitivity kernels for flows
Authors: Švanda Michal , Chmúrny Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Context. Helioseismic inversions largely rely on sensitivity kernels, in which 3D spatial functions describe how the changes in the solar interior translate into the change in helioseismic observables. These sensitivity kernels in most cases come from the forward modelling that is used in the most advanced solar models.
Aims. We aim to test the sensitivity kernels by comparing their volume integrals with measured values from helioseismic travel times.
Methods. By manipulating the tracking rate, we mimicked the additional zonal velocity in the Dopplergram datacubes. These datacubes were then processed by a standard travel-time measurements pipeline. We investigated the dependence of the east-west travel time averaged over a box around the disc centre on the implanted tracking velocity. The slope of this dependence is directly proportional to the total volume integral of the sensitivity kernel that corresponds to the travel-time geometry that is used.
Results. The agreement between measurements and models for travel times that are computed with a ridge filtering is very good to acceptable. The dependence we sought to determine indeed resembles a linear function, and its slope agrees with the expected volume integral from the forward-modelled sensitivity kernel. The agreement is poorer for the phase-speed filtered datacubes. The disagreement is particularly strong for the slowest phase speeds (filters td1–td4). For the higher phase speeds, our result indicates that the measured kernel integrals are systematically larger than expected from the forward modelling. We admit our testing procedure may not be appropriate for high phase speeds and higher radial modes.
Die Herausforderung der Lupusnephritis
Authors: Zimmermann Jonas 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Lupusnephritis (LN) ist eine schwerwiegende Manifestation des systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) und betrifft 20–60 % der SLE-Patienten. Ihre Pathophysiologie ist komplex; sie umfasst das humorale Immunsystem, zelluläre Immunmechanismen, das Komplementsystem sowie genetische Faktoren. Ein regelmäßiges Screening von SLE-Patienten auf LN ist entscheidend und sollte serologische Untersuchungen sowie eine Urinanalyse beinhalten. Bei Verdacht auf LN ist eine Nierenbiopsie indiziert, wobei das Fullhouse-Ablagerungsmuster (IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3) ein charakteristisches Merkmal ist. Die Therapie der LN entwickelt sich stetig weiter und neue Therapieansätze werden erforscht. Zur Induktionstherapie gehören Glukokortikoide, Hydroxychloroquin und mindestens ein weiteres Immunsuppressivum. Nach dem Erreichen eines Therapieansprechens folgt eine Erhaltungstherapie, für die Mycophenolatmofetil (MMF) oder Mycophenolsäure (MPA) als erste Wahl gelten.
Renale Amyloidosen
Authors: Gaedeke Jens 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Amyloidosen sind eine Gruppe von seltenen Erkrankungen, die sich durch die Bildung und Ablagerung von aberrant gefalteten Proteinen definieren. Grundsätzlich können sowohl Mutationen als auch die Überproduktion von Proteinen den komplexen Prozess der Amyloidogenese starten. Krankheitswert bekommen diese Ablagerungen teilweise durch direkte zytotoxische Effekte, größtenteils jedoch durch eine mechanische Störung der Organarchitektur (z. B. Ablagerung in der glomerulären Basalmembran). Die Diagnose wird oft erst in späteren Stadien über einen manifesten Organschaden (z. B. Proteinurie) gestellt. Die Klinik wird wesentlich von der Art des Vorläuferproteins beziehungsweise der daraus folgenden Organlokalisation bestimmt. Das Überleben hängt bei vielen Amyloidoseerkrankungen vom Grad der kardialen Beteiligung ab. Etablierte Therapiestrategien zielen vor allem auf die Produktionshemmung der Vorläuferproteine ab; experimentelle Ansätze verfolgen das Ziel, bereits abgelagertes Amyloid aufzulösen.
Public-Health-Professionals im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst – die
Verteilung gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Fachkräfte in deutschen
Gesundheitsämtern
Authors: Kleinschmidt Janine , Ewert Benjamin , Lenz Wolfgang , Plath Jasper 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zur Anzahl und Verteilung akademisch qualifizierter Fachkräfte
aus dem Bereich Public Health in den unteren Gesundheitsbehörden liegen bislang
wenige Daten vor. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Analyse der
Verteilung von Public-Health-Professionals im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in
Deutschland.
Methode Mittels Online-Survey wurden die Amtsleitungen der 376 deutschen
Gesundheitsämter zur Präsenz von Public-Health-Professionals und Ihrer Sicht auf
Personalbedarfe befragt. Der Begriff Public-Health-Professionals wurde
operationalisiert. Die Erhebung erfolgte ab 06/2023 mit einer Laufzeit von 14
Wochen. Die Ergebnisse wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnis Die Teilnahmerate an der Befragung betrug 40,4% (n=152).
Durchschnittlich beschäftigten die teilnehmenden Gesundheitsämter 2,6 (SD 3,85,
MD 2) Public-Health-Professionals. 28,3% (n=43) der Amtsleitungen gaben an,
keine Public-Health-Professionals zu beschäftigen. Es berichteten 78,3% (n=119)
der Amtsleitungen, mehr Personal zu benötigen. Zudem äußerten 65,1% (n=99), mehr
Personal mit Studium oder Zusatzstudium im Bereich Public Health zu
benötigen.
Schlussfolgerung Fachpersonal aus dem Bereich Public Health ist noch nicht
in allen Gesundheitsämtern in Deutschland vertreten. Sowohl die Verteilung von
Public-Health-Professionals in den teilnehmenden Gesundheitsämtern, als auch die
Sicht der Amtsleitungen bezüglich des Bedarfs für diese Berufsgruppe im eigenen
Gesundheitsamt sind heterogen. In der Zusammenschau zeigt sich ein klarer Bedarf
bei der Stärkung der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der akademischen Public
Health-Profession und dem Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst.
Wirksamkeit, Einflussfaktoren und Sicherheit des Preserflo Microshunt
Authors: Altas Cemre , Fuchsluger Thomas A. , Brockmann Tobias , Graumüller Anna , Walckling Marcus 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Glaukom gehört zu den häufigsten Erblindungsursachen weltweit. Wir überprüften die Effektivität, Einflussfaktoren und Sicherheit des Preserflo Microshunts innerhalb eines Jahres.
Methoden In der retrospektiven monozentrischen Studie analysierten wir 111 Augen – davon 83 mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom und 28 mit sekundärem Offenwinkelglaukom. Es wurden intraokularer Druck, korrigierter Visus, Anzahl der drucksenkenden Wirkstoffe sowie Komplikationen und Folgeeingriffe nach 2 Wochen, 1, 3, 6, 9 und 12 Monaten untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Einflüsse des Alters, des Geschlechts, der Glaukomart, der Voroperationen und des Linsenstatus überprüft. Eine offene Filterkissenrevision wurde bei einem korrigierten IOD > 18 mmHg durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Der Augeninnendruck senkte sich signifikant von 24,50 ± 8,94 auf 14,62 ± 4,86 mmHg (4 – 32 mmHg; p < 0,001) und Anzahl der Wirkstoffe von 3,19 ± 1,14 auf 0,98 ± 1,39 (0 – 4; p < 0,001). Die Einflussfaktoren zeigten keinen Effekt auf die Wirksamkeit. Eine Filterkissenrevision wurde bei 22,5% und eine Zyklophotokoagulation bei 9,9% der Augen durchgeführt. Ein kompletter chirurgischer Erfolg (Augeninnendruck ≤ 17 mmHg, Reduktion um ≥ 20%, ohne Wirkstoffe) konnte bei 36,9% (n = 41) sowie ein qualifizierter Erfolg (inkl. Wirkstoffe) bei 51,4% (n = 57) der Augen erzielt werden. Eine passagere Hypotonie (≤ 5 mmHg) trat bei 19,8% nach primärer Implantation, bei 1,8% nach Filterkissenrevision auf (Dauer ≤ 3 Monate).
Schlussfolgerung Der Preserflo Microshunt zeigt bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt eine effiziente Wirksamkeit und ein geringes Risikoprofil.
Laser Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy – An Update
Authors: Gawecki Maciej , Pytrus Wiktoria , Swiech Anna , Mackiewicz Jerzy , Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaser treatment has been a mainstay for management of central serous chorioretinopathy for a few decades. Different types of lasers have been used and non-damaging retinal laser is the most recent option. The aim of this review is to provide an update on this form of treatment, based on the research published during last 5 years, in comparison with earlier studies published. A MEDLINE database search was performed with a combination of the following terms: central serous chorioretinopathy and laser photocoagulation or subthreshold laser or subthreshold micropulse laser or nanosecond laser or microsecond laser or end-point management or photodynamic therapy. Results were analyzed separately for each modality of laser treatment. Reports published in recent years confirm findings of previous research and do not distinguish treatments of this clinical entity. Among all analyzed laser options, photodynamic therapy provides the fastest and most prominent morphological
improvements, including subretinal fluid resorption and reduction of choroidal thickness. This modality is also associated with fewer recurrences than with other treatments. Subthreshold micropulse laser allows the physician to maintain and, in selected cases, improve the patientʼs vision. Conventional photocoagulation is still effective, especially with the introduction of navigated laser systems. Despite the availability of variable laser treatment options, long-term functional improvements in chronic cases are minor for each modality. Long-lasting central serous chorioretinopathy cases with significantly altered retinal morphology do not usually present with functional improvement, despite satisfactory morphological outcomes. Early initiation of treatment has the potential to prevent visual loss and to improve the patientʼs quality of life.
Demenz vorbeugen und behandeln: die Rolle der Ernährung
Authors: Michalsen Andreas 
Published: July 2024

SummaryEs gibt zunehmend Evidenz, dass die Ernährung das Risiko für Demenzerkrankungen beeinflussen kann. Sowohl komplexe Ernährungsformen wie die mediterrane Ernährung, die DASH-Diät oder die MIND-Diät als auch einzelne Lebensmittel wie ungesättigte Fette, Beeren, grünes Gemüse oder Gewürze wie Safran haben das Potenzial, sich in Bezug auf die Prävention und Behandlung von Demenz als nützlich zu erweisen. Auch der teilweise Verzicht auf Nahrung hat möglicherweise einen schützenden Effekt. Verschiedene Formen des Heilfastens können die kognitive Funktion und das Demenzrisiko positiv beeinflussen.
Energy Flow during Baseball Machine Hitting
Authors: Talmage Jessica Downs , Bordelon Nicole , Wasserberger Kyle , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe primary aims of the study were to perform a descriptive analysis of hitting
energetics off a pitching machine and to compare between the rear- and lead-side
lower and upper extremities. Eighty-five high school to minor league baseball
athletes participated. Five full-effort swings off a pitching machine with the
fastest exit velocity were used for analysis. Energy flow was quantified using a
segment power analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant
differences between rear- and lead-side energetics during both swing phases.
During the stride, the rear knee and shoulder generated more energy than the
lead side. Throughout the swing phase the lead knee, hip, and elbow generated
more energy than the rear side, but at the shoulder the rear side generated
significantly more energy than the lead. Most intriguing, differing energy
transfer directions between the rear and lead knee and shoulder joints were
reported. Furthermore, descriptive results revealed energy is predominantly
transferred across the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints, while the hips
primarily display energy generation. The descriptive nature of the study
provides a foundation for future research and can be used as a resource for
training personnel to design effective training protocols aimed at maximizing
performance.