bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of input on connective acquisition: a growth curve analysis of Englishbecauseand Germanweil
Authors: VAN VEEN ROSIE , EVERS-VERMEUL JACQUELINE , SANDERS TED , VAN DEN BERGH HUUB 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe current study used growth curve analysis to study the role of input during the acquisition of the English causal connectivebecauseand its German counterpartweil. The corpora of five German and five English children and their adult caretakers (age range 0;10–4;3) were analyzed for the amount as well as for the type of connective use – imitated, elicited, and independent. The growth curves showed that children's elicited use developed faster than their independent use; imitations were rare. Adult connective input was not found to function as a scaffold of children's connective use. Rather, the adultwhy/warum-questions played an important role in the acquisition ofbecauseandweil. In turn, children also usedwhy/warum-questions to elicit causal responses from their caretakers, which shows that children were responsible for a great part of their own input.
Lead adsorption in the clay fraction of two soil profiles from Fildes Peninsula, King George Island
Authors: Mendonça Thiago , Melo Vander F. , Alleoni Luís R.F. , Schaefer Carlos E.G.R. , Michel Roberto F.M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAntarctica is considered the most isolated continent, but it is not free of pollution, which arrives at specific localities mainly as a result of tourism and research activities. Among environmentally harmful substances, heavy metals are especially important because of their high toxicity to organisms. The aim of this study was to estimate the maximum adsorption of lead (Pb) onto the clay fraction of samples from two soil profiles from the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption parameters were correlated to mineralogical attributes of this soil fraction characterized by chemical extractions and X-ray diffraction. Values of maximum adsorption of Pb in the clay fraction were extremely high (maximum value: 322 581 mg kg-1) when compared to those of soil samples from other regions of the world. Adsorption occurred in two stages: first stage in which a high percentage of Pb was adsorbed, and second stage in which adsorption was lower. From an environmental point of view, soils with high contents of clay and amorphous minerals, ones usually associated with ornithogenic activity in Antarctica, should have greater efficiency in filtering Pb, thus reducing risks of leaching and groundwater contamination.
Sense of community in long-term care: the views of family caregivers of elderly military veterans
Authors: Petrovic-Poljak Ana , Konnert Candace 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBackground:Family involvement in long-term care (LTC) is important but it can prove challenging and result in conflict with staff if families do not feel connected to the LTC facility or if they believe that their contributions are undervalued. According to McMillan & Chavis (1986), sense of community (SOC) refers to a feeling of belonging, having influence, having needs met, and having an emotional connection to individuals in a community, and may be particularly essential for family caregivers of military veterans in LTC. This is the first study that evaluates SOC among family caregivers in LTC.Methods:Semi-structured interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing caregiver demographics, caregiving variables, and SOC were administered to 46 family caregivers.Results:Caregivers endorsed a SOC that was positively related to key caregiving variables, such as family adjustment and satisfaction with care, and was negatively related to conflict with staff. Notably, caregivers’ connections to the military community were positively related to SOC in LTC. Multiple regression analyses indicated that satisfaction with care accounted for the most variance in SOC (32.7%).Conclusions:This is the first study that examines SOC among family caregivers of military veterans in LTC, a subgroup of family caregivers with unique histories and needs. Although there are measures designed to assess family members’ level of satisfaction with different facets of LTC, SOC provides unique information about whether family members feel part of the LTC community as valued partners in care. SOC is an important yet understudied construct that could contribute substantially to our understanding of family-focused care.
The effectiveness of control strategies for dementia-driven wandering, preventing escape attempts: a case report
Authors: Padilla Daniel Valle , González María Teresa Daza , Agis Inmaculada Fernández , Strizzi Jenna , Rodríguez Raquel Alarcón 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the most complicated aspects of caring for patients with dementia is dementia-driven wandering due to its adverse ramifications. We report a case of an 80-year-old man who had been previously diagnosed with dementia (with a score of 6 on the Reisberg Global Deterioration Scale – GDS). The patient went to an Adult Day Care Center on a daily basis where he demonstrated wandering behavior with a high rate of escape attempts (the number of times the Center's glass exit door was approached). The objective of this study is to present effective non-pharmacological intervention strategies for dementia-driven wandering; assessed strategies included: environmental (subjective barriers), cognitive/behavioral (cognitive training with differential reinforcement), and combined (subjective barriers + cognitive/behavioral). The results showed that all of these three strategies significantly decreased the number of escape attempts.
Expression of α1-adrenergic receptors in rat prefrontal cortex: cellular co-localization with 5-HT2A receptors
Authors: Santana Noemí , Mengod Guadalupe , Artigas Francesc 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in behavioural control and cognitive processes that are altered in schizophrenia. The brainstem monoaminergic systems control PFC function, yet the cells/networks involved are not fully known. Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) increase PFC neuronal activity through the activation of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) and 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs), respectively. Neurochemical and behavioural interactions between these receptors have been reported. Further, classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs share nmin vitro affinity for α1ARs while having preferential affinity for D2 and 5-HT2ARs, respectively. Using double in situ hybridization we examined the cellular expression of α1ARs in pyramidal (vGluT1-positive) and GABAergic (GAD65/67-positive) neurons in rat PFC and their co-localization with 5-HT2ARs. α1ARs are expressed by a high proportion of pyramidal (59–85%) and GABAergic (52–79%) neurons. The expression in pyramidal neurons exhibited a dorsoventral gradient, with a lower percentage of α1AR-positive neurons in infralimbic cortex compared to anterior cingulate and prelimbic cortex. The expression of α1A, α1B and α1D adrenergic receptors was segregated in different layers and subdivisions. In all them there is a high co-expression with 5-HT2ARs (∼80%). These observations indicate that NE controls the activity of most PFC pyramidal neurons via α1ARs, either directly or indirectly, via GABAergic interneurons. Antipsychotic drugs can thus modulate the activity of PFC via α1AR blockade. The high co-expression with 5-HT2ARs indicates a convergence of excitatory serotonergic and noradrenergic inputs onto the same neuronal populations. Moreover, atypical antipsychotics may exert a more powerful control of PFC function through the simultaneous blockade of α1ARs and 5-HT2ARs.
Role of convergent activation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems in the nucleus accumbens in the development of methamphetamine psychosis and dependence
Authors: Miyazaki Masayuki , Noda Yukihiro , Mouri Akihiro , Kobayashi Kazuto , Mishina Masayoshi , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Yamada Kiyofumi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse can result in long-lasting psychosis and dependence. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), which controls psychomotor and reward behaviours, is an important interface between the limbic system and receives convergent projections from dopaminergic and glutamatergic terminals. This study investigated the involvements of dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the development of Meth psychosis and dependence by using tyrosine hydroxylase heterozygous mutant (TH+/−) mice and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor knockout (NR2A−/−) mice. Repeated treatment with Meth (1 mg/kg s.c.) for 7 d in wild-type mice led to the development of behavioural abnormalities such as hyperactivity, sensory motor gating deficits and place preference. Associated with the behavioural changes, repeated treatment with Meth led to protein kinase A activation and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II and cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the NAc. In contrast, TH+/− and NR2A−/− mice displayed neither behavioural abnormalities nor activation of intracellular signalling pathways in the NAc. These results suggest that both dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission play a crucial role in the development of Meth psychosis and dependence, which are associated with convergent activation of intracellular signalling pathways in the NAc.
Modeling the influence of changing storm patterns on the ability of a salt marsh to keep pace with sea level rise
Authors: Schuerch M. , Vafeidis A. , Slawig T. , Temmerman S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPrevious predictions on the ability of coastal salt marshes to adapt to future sea level rise (SLR) neglect the influence of changing storm activity that is expected in many regions of the world due to climate change. We present a new modeling approach to quantify this influence on the ability of salt marshes to survive projected SLR, namely, we investigate the separate influence of storm frequency and storm intensity. The model is applied to a salt marsh on the German island of Sylt and is run for a simulation period from 2010 to 2100 for a total of 13 storm scenarios and 48 SLR scenarios. The critical SLR rate for marsh survival, being the maximum rate at which the salt marsh survives until 2100, lies between 19 and 22 mm yr‐1. Model results indicate that an increase in storminess can increase the ability of the salt marsh to accrete with sea level rise by up to 3 mm yr‐1, if the increase in storminess is triggered by an increase in the number of storm events (storm frequency). Meanwhile, increasing storminess, triggered by an increase in the mean storm strength (storm intensity), is shown to increase the critical SLR rate for which the marsh survives until 2100 by up to 1 mm yr‐1 only. On the basis of our results, we suggest that the relative importance of storm intensity and storm frequency for marsh survival strongly depends on the availability of erodible fine‐grained material in the tidal area adjacent to the salt marsh.
Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community
Authors: Quetglas Antoni , Ordines Francesc , Hidalgo Manuel , Monserrat Sebastià , Ruiz Susana , Amores Ángel , Moranta Joan , Massutí Enric 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Quetglas, A., Ordines, F., Hidalgo, M., Monserrat, S., Ruiz, S., Amores, Á., Moranta, J., and Massutí, E. 2013. Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 319–328. Accumulating evidence shows that fishing exploitation and environmental variables can synergistically affect the population dynamics of exploited populations. Here, we document an interaction between fishing impact and climate variability that triggered a synchronic response in the population fluctuations of six exploited species in the Mediterranean from 1965–2008. Throughout this period, the fishing activity experienced a sharp increase in fishing effort, which caused all stocks to shift from an early period of underexploitation to a later period of overexploitation. This change altered the population resilience of the stocks and brought about an increase in the sensitivity of its dynamics to climate variability. Landings increased exponentially when underexploited but displayed an oscillatory behaviour once overexploited. Climatic indices, related to the Mediterranean mesoscale hydrography and large-scale north Atlantic climatic variability, seemed to affect the species with broader age structure and longer lifespan, while the global-scale El Niño Southern Oscillation index (ENSO) positively influenced the population abundances of species with a narrow age structure and short lifespan. The species affected by ENSO preferentially inhabit the continental shelf, suggesting that Mediterranean shelf ecosystems are sensitive to the hydroclimatic variability linked to global climate.
Do Labour Laws Protect Labour in India? Union Experiences of Workplace Employment Regulations in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Badigannavar Vidu , Kelly John 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The debate over labour market regulations in India is highly polarised. Advocates of labour market deregulation suggest that the labour law framework in the country confers disproportionate powers on workers and trade unions in the formal sector of the economy, resulting in industrial conflicts and poor productivity. Using workplace union survey data from the state of Maharashtra, this paper examines the veracity of these claims. Maharashtra is recognised as a state with a broadly pro-worker labour law framework. We find that even pro-worker labour laws at best offer only weak protection to workers and unions in the formal sector establishments. Unions find themselves increasingly vulnerable to employer hostility. We discuss these findings in the context of the role of state and judiciary in employment relations and of union links with political parties.
An RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis of Orthophosphate-Deficient White Lupin Reveals Novel Insights into Phosphorus Acclimation in Plants
Authors: O’Rourke Jamie A. , Yang S. Samuel , Miller Susan S. , Bucciarelli Bruna , Liu Junqi , Rydeen Ariel , Bozsoki Zoltan , Uhde-Stone Claudia , Tu Zheng Jin , Allan Deborah , Gronwald John W. , Vance Carroll P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Phosphorus, in its orthophosphate form (Pi), is one of the most limiting macronutrients in soils for plant growth and development. However, the whole-genome molecular mechanisms contributing to plant acclimation to Pi deficiency remain largely unknown. White lupin (Lupinus albus) has evolved unique adaptations for growth in Pi-deficient soils, including the development of cluster roots to increase root surface area. In this study, we utilized RNA-Seq technology to assess global gene expression in white lupin cluster roots, normal roots, and leaves in response to Pi supply. We de novo assembled 277,224,180 Illumina reads from 12 complementary DNA libraries to build what is to our knowledge the first white lupin gene index (LAGI 1.0). This index contains 125,821 unique sequences with an average length of 1,155 bp. Of these sequences, 50,734 were transcriptionally active (reads per kilobase per million reads ≥ 3), representing approximately 7.8% of the white lupin genome, using the predicted genome size of Lupinus angustifolius as a reference. We identified a total of 2,128 sequences differentially expressed in response to Pi deficiency with a 2-fold or greater change and P ≤ 0.05. Twelve sequences were consistently differentially expressed due to Pi deficiency stress in three species, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and white lupin, making them ideal candidates to monitor the Pi status of plants. Additionally, classic physiological experiments were coupled with RNA-Seq data to examine the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in Pi deficiency-induced cluster root development. This global gene expression analysis provides new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the acclimation to Pi deficiency.
A functional comparative approach to facilitation and its context dependence
Authors: Butterfield Bradley J. , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Our ability to generalize about broad patterns and outcomes of competitive interactions among plants has improved from a better understanding of functional traits. Facilitative interactions among plants also exhibit strong trait‐based patterns; however, very little empirical research has addressed the trait basis of different facilitative mechanisms or the applicability of traditionally defined functional strategies to facilitation.

We present a series of predictions regarding the trait basis of a variety of facilitative mechanisms based on empirical patterns of trait responses to environmental filters and knowledge of plant–environment feedbacks.

Using a leaf‐height‐seed framework to predict plant responses to facilitative effects of neighbours, we identify two categories of facilitative mechanisms based on similar predicted responses of specific leaf area (SLA), height and seed size: (i) facilitation of low‐SLA, large‐seeded and tall plants in environments typified by periodically unfavourable conditions; and (ii) facilitation of high‐SLA, small‐seeded and tall plants in persistently severe environments. We suggest that facilitation related to herbivory will be idiosyncratic with respect to these functional traits.

Competition for limiting resources is predicted to reinforce trait‐based responses to facilitation in periodically severe environments, particularly under light competition, but to offset facilitative effects to some degree in persistently severe environments. Thus, biotic interactions may have stronger consequences for shifts in trait distributions in environments typified by disturbance, pulsed soil moisture and short growing seasons limited by low temperatures.

Facilitative effects, in addition to facilitative responses, may also be regulated by functional traits, but there is much less empirical evidence for links between functional traits and ameliorative effects on the environment. However, we predict that leaf area index or other integrative traits related to canopy density are likely to be important effect traits for most facilitative mechanisms and should be integrated into more trait‐screening programs.

Based on the exceptional contribution that trait‐based approaches have made for understanding other interactions, we suggest that taking a functional comparative approach to facilitation is an opportunity to improve our ability to identify general patterns and consequences of positive interactions.
Are prenatal, obstetric, and infant complications associated with postpartum psychosis among women with pre‐conception psychiatric hospitalisations?
Authors: Hellerstedt WL , Phelan SM , Cnattingius S , Hultman CM , Harlow BL 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of maternal and infant complications with postpartum hospitalisation for psychosis in women with a pre‐conception history of psychiatric hospitalisation.DesignPopulation‐based study.SettingSwedish medical birth register.PopulationPrimiparous women who gave birth between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2001, and who had a pre‐conception history of psychiatric hospitalisation but who were not hospitalised during pregnancy (n = 1842).MethodsInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were used to identify prenatal, obstetric, postpartum maternal complications, and newborn health conditions. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the associations between maternal and infant health conditions and the odds for postpartum hospitalisation for psychosis.Main outcome measurePsychiatric hospitalisation within 90 days of delivery.ResultsCompared with women who did not have a postpartum psychiatric hospitalisation, hospitalised women were at 2.3 times higher odds (95% CI 1.0–4.9) of having non‐psychiatric puerperium complications (e.g. infection, lactation problems or venous complications). No other maternal complications were associated with postpartum psychiatric hospitalisation. Although their infants were at no higher odds for health complications, the offspring of women who had a postpartum psychiatric hospitalisation were at 4.1 times higher odds (95% CI 1.3–12.6) of death within the first 365 days of life than those of women who were not hospitalised.ConclusionsWe found no prenatal indicators of postpartum risk for psychiatric hospitalisation among high‐risk women, but they had higher odds of postpartum pregnancy‐related medical problems and, rarely, offspring death.
Non‐obstetric vulval trauma
Authors: Jones Ian SC , O'Connor Alan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the mechanism, injury pattern and management of women who present to the ED with non‐obstetric vulval trauma.MethodsA retrospective, single‐institution case series was carried out. Data were sourced from medical records of women who presented to the ED and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital between 2007 and 2011. Records of possible injuries to the vulva were assessed to determine incidence, age, site, type of injury, mechanism of injury and whether urinary retention required treatment. This information was analysed using the computer software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 11.0.ResultsVulval non‐obstetric trauma was found in 19 of 519 cases, resulting in haematoma formation, lacerations, tears or a combination of the three in 16 of the 19 cases. Injuries were due to falling astride a firm object, consensual coitus, sexual assault, cold waxing and tight clothing. Urinary retention occurred in three cases. Site of injury, whether anterior or posterior, was evenly distributed irrespective of the mechanism of injury. Haematomas were treated conservatively and bleeding lacerations sutured. None required resuscitation.ConclusionsNon‐obstetric vulval injuries are uncommon (incidence 3.7%). All cases require assessment for vaginal, urethral, anal and bony pelvis injuries. This might require examination under anaesthesia. Conservative management of haematomas in the absence of acute haematoma expansion is favoured. The need to screen for sexually transmissible infections and pregnancy is important. Social worker and psychological support is important to reduce the incidence of long‐term psychological problems.