bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity in Pain‐Free Subjects and a Clinical Pain Population: Evaluation of the Kohn Reactivity Scale‐Dutch Version
Authors: Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S. , Noordermeer Siri D.S. , van Wijck Albert J.M. , Snijders Tom J. , Geenen Rinie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPatients with pain are more reactive to various types of sensations, not limited to pain alone. A potential useful instrument to assess reactivity is the Kohn Reactivity Scale (KRS). This study examines the psychometric characteristics of the KRS‐Dutch version and its ability to differentiate between subjects with and without pain.MethodsInternal consistency, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability of the Dutch translation of the KRS were assessed in 321 pain‐free control subjects and different subgroups of this sample. Subsequently, reactivity scores were compared between the pain‐free subjects and 291 pain patients who were referred to a pain clinic for treatment.ResultsReliability analyses indicated good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.77) and high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.95) of the KRS in the control subjects. Validity analyses yielded positive correlations of the KRS with related constructs like pain vigilance and awareness (r = 0.37), symptom severity (r = 0.29), and the personality characteristic neuroticism (r = 0.20). Pain patients had overall significantly higher KRS scores than the pain‐free subjects indicating increased reactivity, particularly for the patients with medically unexplained pain.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the KRS is a useful instrument to screen for reactivity in pain patients, which may be of particular relevance for those suffering from medically unexplained pain.
Transforming Leadership and theObama Presidency
Authors: Engbers Trent , Fucilla Louis 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveThis study seeks to identify the political speech of President Obama to better understand the leadership techniques utilized.MethodsPolitical speech is coded using textual analysis and leadership frames are grouped into transactional and transforming categories.ResultsThe findings of this study suggest that President Obama does seek to use transformational leadership but that this transformational leadership is more often found in rational persuasion than inspirational appeals.ConclusionThe informal powers of the presidency do include the power to inspire but for President Obama this power secondary to appeals to reason.
It's Complicated: Latinos, President Obama, and the 2012 Election*
Authors: Wallace Sophia J. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveAssess Latino support past, present, and future for President Obama and his policies, and the role of the Latino vote in the 2012 election.MethodsExamine Latino voting patterns, administrative decisions and legislation enacted by President Obama affecting Latinos, and Latino public opinion polls to evaluate potential support for Obama by Latinos.ResultsDespite disappointment and anger over immigration policy by President Obama, Latinos still indicate high levels of support for him and willingness to vote for him in the 2012 elections. Obama has demonstrated his commitment to issues salient to the Latino community in addition to appointing a large number of Latinos to top‐ranking government positions. The influence of the Latino vote in 2012 is dependent on voter mobilization in competitive places.ConclusionLatinos in the 2012 election could play a significant role in the presidential race but also in congressional races if they turn out in high numbers in competitive places to ensure their numbers result in influence.
Barack Obama's “Fight” to End Poverty: Rhetoric and Reality
Authors: Fording Richard C. , Smith Joseph L. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesIn this article we examine President Barack Obama's leadership on the issue of poverty. Our analysis seeks to address three specific objectives. First, we begin by examining the Obama administration's anti‐poverty efforts and their relationship with recent trends in the U.S. poverty rate. Second, we examine President Obama's rhetorical leadership on the issue of poverty, both in absolute terms and compared to other recent presidents. Compared to other recent presidents, how often has Obama talked about issues related to poverty and poor people? Third, we discuss the implications of our results for theories of presidential leadership.MethodsWe rely on a series of analyses of aggregate poverty trends, as well as content analyses of presidential weekly radio addresses.ResultsOur analyses find that contrary to the claims of critics, although the poverty rate has risen during President Obama's first term in office, recent increases in poverty have actually been somewhat lower that what would be expected given the state of the economy. The evidence indicates that one important reason for this is the implementation of ARRA. We find considerable support for claims that President Obama has demonstrated relatively little rhetorical leadership on the issue of poverty, although the frequency with which he has emphasized issues related to poverty is not significantly different compared to past presidents.ConclusionPresident Obama has had some objective success in his anti‐poverty efforts, but his leadership style on this issue can be characterized more as a “facilitator” rather than a “director” of change.
Repetitive TASER X26 Discharge Resulted in Adverse Physiologic Events with a Dose–Response Relationship Related to the Duration of Discharge in Anesthetized Swine Model
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Choi Sang‐Cheon , Ahn Jung‐Hwan , Min Young‐Gi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe objectives of our study were to investigate the dose–response relationship of the TASER X26 discharge duration in an anesthetized swine model. Fourteen swines were anesthetized and then exposed to TASER X26 discharge for 5 sec (n = 5) or for 10 sec (n = 6). The sham control group (n = 3) was anesthetized and studied using the same protocol except TASER X26 discharges during the experiments. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained. Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance decreased significantly after TASER discharge and returned to baseline value at 15 min after 5 sec of TASER discharge but did not return to baseline values during the 30‐min observation period after 10 sec of TASER discharge. Repetitive TASER X26 discharge resulted in adverse physiologic events with a dose–response relationship related to the duration of TASER X26 discharge in an anesthetized swine model.
Assessment of the TASER XREP Blunt Impact and Penetration Injury Potential Using Cadaveric Testing
Authors: Lucas Scott R. , McGowan Joseph C. , Lam Tack C. , Yamaguchi Gary T. , Carver Matthew , Hinz Andrew 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTASER International's extended range electronic projectile (XREP) is intended to be fired from a shotgun, impact a threat, and apply remote neuromuscular incapacitation. This study investigated the corresponding potential of blunt impact injury and penetration. Forty‐three XREP rounds were deployed onto two male human cadaver torsos at impact velocities between 70.6 and 95.9 m/sec (232 and 315 ft/sec). In 42 of the 43 shots fired, the XREP did not penetrate the abdominal wall, resulting in superficial wounds only. On one shot, the XREP's nose section separated prematurely in flight, resulting in penetration. No bony fractures were observed with any of the shots. The viscous criterion (VC), blunt criterion (BC), and energy density (E/A) were calculated (all nonpenetrating tests, average ± 1 standard deviation: VC: 1.14 ± 0.94 m/sec, BC: 0.77 ± 0.15, E/A: 22.6 ± 4.15 J/cm2) and, despite the lack of injuries, were generally found to be greater than published tolerance values.
Secular Trend in the Development of Permanent Teeth in a Population of Istria and the Littoral Region of Croatia
Authors: Sasso Anja , Špalj Stjepan , Mady Maričić Barbara , Sasso Antun , Ćabov Tomislav , Legović Mario 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe study evaluated secular trends in dental development during a period of 30 years, correlation between dental and chronological age in Istria and the littoral region of Croatia. The sample consisted of 1000 panoramic radiographs of children, aged 6–16 years (mean 10.0 ± 1.8), taken in the period 1977–1979 (N = 500; 243 females) and 2007–2009 (N = 500; 299 females). Dental age was assessed according to Demirjian's method. Correlation between chronological and dental age was linear, positive, high, and statistically significant in both periods and genders, ranging from 0.73 to 0.86. Dental age was underestimated when compared to chronological age by 1 year on average, more 30 years ago (−1.35 ± 1.17) than today (−0.63 ± 1.09), less for girls (−0.80 ± 1.22) than boys (−1.21 ± 1.10). A statistically significant positive secular trend in acceleration of dental development was present of 0.72 years during the 30‐year period and was more significant in girls than boys (0.83‐ and 0.51‐year acceleration).
Employment and wages in Germany since the 2004 deregulation of the temporary agency industry
Authors: GARZ Marcel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract.There has been a surge in temporary agency work in Germany since the 2004 deregulation of the temporary agency industry. Using empirical data, the author examines how this reform affected employment and wages. Controlling for compositional and macroeconomic effects, the results suggest that there was no change in overall employment, since temporary agency work replaced regular jobs. The wage gap between regular employees and temps widened after the reform, showing that firms use agency work to reduce labour costs. However, the main reason for the wage gap was the higher incidence of low‐wage determinants among temps compared to regular employees.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index is not associated with infant and young child feeding in low‐income Mexican children 1–24 months old
Authors: Monterrosa Eva C. , Frongillo Edward A. , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Egan Kelsey A. , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rasmussen Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity is associated with shorter breastfeeding (BF) duration. Whether pre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity is associated with other aspects of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) has not been investigated. We used data from 370 children born January 1999–September 2001 in a semi‐urban community in Morelos, Mexico, where information on how they were fed was available at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. We modified the World Health Organization's dietary diversity indicator to assess the quality of the complementary foods. An index that included BF, quality of complementary foods and other behaviours was constructed to measure IYCF. We used survival analysis to examine the association of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) category and BF duration and mixed models for quality of complementary food and IYCF index. Mean maternal pBMI was 24.4 ± 4.1; 31% were overweight, and 9% were obese. pBMI was not associated with BF duration. Quality of complementary food improved over time (6 months, 1.3 ± 1.3; 24 months, 3.8 ± 1.04). Compared with normal‐weight women, overweight and obese women were more likely to feed from more food groups (0.24 ± 0.11 point, P = 0.03), but this did not improve diet diversity from 6 to 24 months. IYCF index decreased throughout follow‐up (1 month, 7.8 ± 2.4; 24 months, 5.5 ± 1.8), and pBMI was not associated with IYCF (−0.11 ± 0.13 point, P = 0.4). We conclude that heavier women were not engaging in IYCF behaviours that were distinct from those of normal‐weight women from 1 to 24 months post‐partum.
Effects of work participation, intergenerational transfers and savings on life satisfaction of older Malaysians
Authors: Ng Sor‐Tho , Hamid Tengku‐Aizan 
Published: October 2012

AimTo examine the effects of work participation, intergenerational transfers and savings on the life satisfaction of older community‐dwelling Malaysians.MethodData from the 1999 Survey on Perceptions of Needs and Problems of the Elderly on people aged 60 and over were used. The life satisfaction score was constructed from 10 questions adopted from the Life Satisfaction Inventory‐A by Neugarten, Havighurst and Tobin. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the expected level of life satisfaction.ResultsControlling for other variables in the model, respondents who provided assistance to and received assistance from children with savings had significantly higher life satisfaction than their counterparts, while work participation did not have any significant effect on life satisfaction.ConclusionIntergenerational transfers and savings are important predictors of life satisfaction. The interdependence between generations should remain and savings habits need to be cultivated to ensure a higher life satisfaction in old age.
Textural Properties of Beta‐lactoglobulin – Sodium Alginate Mixed Gels at Large Scale Deformation
Authors: Haug I.J. , Carlsen A.‐M.H. , Vegarud G.E. , Langsrud T. , Draget K.I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe denaturation and gelling properties of mixed systems of β‐lactoglobulin and sodium‐alginate have been investigated as a function of alginate molecular weight, chemical composition, concentration, pH and ionic strength. Differential scanning calorimetry and small strain oscillatory measurements showed that denaturation temperature were lower than the gelling temperatures under the conditions examined. The denaturation temperatures were dependent on both pH and ionic strength, but unaffected by alginate concentration and type. The mechanical and textural properties of mixed gels of β‐lactoglobulin and sodium alginate were dependent on several factors; the gel strength increased as a function of alginate concentration under ambient conditions, and decreased as the pH and/or the ionic strength were changed. High molecular weight alginate gave the most pronounced effects, probably due to the accessibility of the alginate for protein binding. The chemical composition of the alginate had negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the gels.Practical ApplicationsAs both proteins and polysaccharides are widely used in the food industry, it is important to understand the interactions between these two biopolymers in order to envisage final product properties. The present article gives an overview of several important parameters when mixing β‐lactoglobulin and sodium alginate. β‐Lactoglobulin is the main protein in whey and one of the major food protein ingredients. Alginate is a polysaccharide that is often used in the food industry because of its functional properties. This study shows that if the conditions and the alginate type are adequately chosen, the textural properties of food products can be controlled and tailored.
Reviving Agrarian Studies in South‐East Asia: Geography on the Ascendancy
Authors: HIRSCH PHILIP 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the recent revival of agrarian studies in the social science scholarship of South‐East Asia following a period of decline from the 1980s onward. The hiatus provides an opportunity to examine the changed empirical contexts and theoretical framings of agrarian change in the intervening period. Renewed interest in rural agricultural and social change is also marked by a disciplinary shift, with the centre of gravity moving away from anthropology and political science and towards a geographical focus. This is explained both by institutional factors, as a large international research programme based in (but not limited to) geography has taken the lead on the revival, and also by the substantive shift in agrarian studies away from narrowly local village ethnographies or broad‐based scholarship inspired by Cold War concerns, towards a multi‐scale and contextualised approach in which environment, globalisation, migration, territorial expansion, spatial inequality, and other key geographical themes have framed explorations of agrarian change.
The Naming of Waterfalls
Authors: HUDSON BRIAN J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs features of the landscape, waterfalls have been studied extensively by geographers, but the names given to these landforms have received relatively little scholarly attention. This paper examines the naming of waterfalls and addresses the question of classifying these hydronyms. The subject is considered in a global historical context, focusing on place names in the anglophone world. Until the 18th and 19th centuries, relatively few waterfalls were named. With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, water power rose in economic importance, and at the same time, there was a growing scientific and aesthetic engagement with the landscape. These developments are suggested as reasons for the increased interest in waterfalls which were then being recorded in topographical literature and on maps, individual names being given to increasing numbers of falls. European exploration added to the knowledge of the world's waterfalls, many of which were given names by their ‘discoverers’. This naming process accelerated with the growth of domestic and overseas tourism which exploited scenic resources such as waterfalls. Until now, research on the names of waterfalls has been fragmentary, and the classification of these hydronyms has been neglected. This paper demonstrates that waterfall names can be classified in accordance with a recognised toponymic typology. Using examples drawn from waterfall guidebooks, databases, maps, and other sources, the following discussion supports George Stewart's claim that his toponymic classification is valid for place names of all kinds.
The Aesthetics of Urban Movement: Habits, Mobility, and Resistance
Authors: SHARPE SCOTT 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper examines new forms of urban movement from the perspective of embodiment and habit. Utilising Felix Ravaisson's recently revived work, Of Habit, the paper explores the role of grace and embodiment in establishing alternate forms of mobile activity. I argue that it is the mixture of fear and mastery that has the potential to perpetuate certain habits of mobility, leading to an aestheticised relationship to the urban environment, which to some extent overcomes the anaesthesia and blasé attitude that we have come to associate with urban life. My aim is to understand forms like urban cycling, skateboarding, and parkour from the point of view of the micropolitical relations of body, space, and habit. What is at stake here is to rethink the relationship between habit and resistance, in such a way that resistance can be seen in its materiality, rather than in merely reactive or ideological terms.
Baseline Results of the First Healthy Schools Evaluation Among a Community of Young, Irish, Urban Disadvantaged Children and a Comparison of Outcomes With International Norms
Authors: Comiskey Catherine M. , O'Sullivan Karin , Quirke Mary B. , Wynne Ciara , Hollywood Eleanor , MGillloway Sinead 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Irish Government initiated a pilot Healthy Schools Programme based on the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools Model among children attending schools officially designated as urban and disadvantaged. We present here the first results on physical and emotional health and the relationship between childhood depression and demographic and socioeconomic factors.METHODS: The Healthy Schools Programme evaluation was a 3‐year longitudinal outcome study among urban disadvantaged children aged 4 to 12 years. Physical and psychological health outcomes were measured using validated, international instruments at baseline. Outcomes at baseline were compared with international norms and where differences were found, results were statistically modeled to determine factors predicting poor outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 552 children responded at baseline, representing over 50% of all eligible children available to participate from 7 schools. Findings at baseline revealed that in general, children did not differ significantly from international norms. However, detailed analysis of the childhood depression scores revealed that in order of importance, psychological well‐being, the school environment, social support, and peer relations and age were statistically significant predictors of increased childhood depression in children under 12 years of age.CONCLUSION: Future health and well‐being studies in schools among urban disadvantaged children need to broaden their scope to include measures of depression in children under 12 years of age and be cognisant of the impact of the school environment on the mental and emotional health of the very young.
High School Health‐Education Teachers' Perceptions and Practices Related to Teaching HIV Prevention
Authors: Herr Scott W. , Telljohann Susan K. , Price James H. , Dake Joseph A. , Stone Gregory E. 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the United States with individuals between the ages of 13 and 19 years being especially vulnerable for infection. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes, perceptions, and instructional practices of high school health teachers toward teaching HIV prevention.METHODS: A total of 800 surveys were sent to a national random sample of high school health teachers and 50% responded.RESULTS: There was almost complete agreement (99%) among respondents that HIV prevention instruction is needed. The factors that emerged as significantly influencing the attitudes and perceptions of high school health teachers about teaching HIV prevention were related to teacher preparation, training, and years of experience teaching health education. A state mandate requiring HIV prevention instruction was significantly associated with higher teacher efficacy expectations and more perceived benefits, but did not have a significant influence in relation to practices in the classroom. Characteristics of high school health teachers that were significantly related to attitudes, perceptions, and instructional practices included the instructor's age, sex, and race/ethnicity.CONCLUSIONS: High school health teachers who reported the least experience teaching health education had the least supportive attitudes, perceived the most barriers, and had the lowest efficacy and outcome expectations related to teaching about HIV prevention. Whereas these findings support the importance of teacher preparation and training, they also suggest that more recent college graduates may not be fully prepared to provide effective instruction in HIV prevention.