bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International diversification of manufacturing operations: Performance implications and moderating forces
Authors: Lampel Joseph , Giachetti Claudio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe strategic importance of diversifying international manufacturing for firms with global operations has been extensively documented in a series of studies. There is a lack of studies, however, of the performance implications of strategically spreading manufacturing operations across the globe. In fact, most research on international manufacturing to date has generalized from findings by researchers that examine international diversification at the level of the whole value chain, rather than specifically looking at the performance impact of dispersing production operations. Building on the concept of international manufacturing diversification, we show that its relationship with financial performance is inverted U‐shaped, and that this relationship is positively moderated by product diversification and co‐location of manufacturing and sales activities in the same geographic market. We place the development of international manufacturing diversification processes in the context of the resource based view and transaction costs economics. Hypotheses are tested using data on 38 firms with home base in 15 countries and car and light truck production activities in 45 countries from 2002 to 2008.
Climatic and human controls on Holocene floodplain vegetation changes in eastern Pennsylvania based on the isotopic composition of soil organic matter
Authors: Stinchcomb Gary E. , Messner Timothy C. , Williamson Forrest C. , Driese Steven G. , Nordt Lee C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA paleoenvironmental time-series spanning the Holocene was constructed using 29 radiocarbon ages and 149 standardized δ13Csomvalues from alluvial terrace profiles along the middle Delaware River valley. There is good agreement between increasing δ13Csomand Panicoideae phytolith concentrations, suggesting that variations in C4biomass are a major contributor to changes in the soil δ13C. A measurement error deconvolution curve over time reveals two isotope stages (II–I), with nine sub-stages exhibiting variations in average δ13Csom(average %C4). Stage II, ~ 10.7–4.3 ka, shows above-average δ13Csom(increase %C4) values with evidence of an early Holocene warming and dry interval (sub-stage IIb, 9.8–8.3 ka) that coincides with rapid warming and cool-dry abrupt climate-change events. Sub-stage IId, 7.0–4.3 ka, is an above average δ13Csom(increase %C4) interval associated with the mid-Holocene warm-dry hypsithermal. The Stage II–I shift at 4.3 ka documents a transition toward below average δ13Csom(decrease %C4) values and coincides with decreasing insolation and hydroclimatic change. Sub-stages Ib and Id (above average %C4) coincide with the first documented occurrence of maize in the northeastern USA and a substantial increase in human population during the Late Woodland. These associations suggest that people influenced δ13Csomduring the late Holocene.
Holocene climate variability on the Kola Peninsula, Russian Subarctic, based on aquatic invertebrate records from lake sediments
Authors: Ilyashuk Elena A. , Ilyashuk Boris P. , Kolka Vasily V. , Hammarlund Dan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSedimentary records of invertebrate assemblages were obtained from a small lake in the Khibiny Mountains, Kola Peninsula. Together with a quantitative chironomid-based reconstruction of mean July air temperature, these data provide evidence of Holocene climate variability in the western sector of the Russian Subarctic. The results suggest that the amplitude of climate change was more pronounced in the interior mountain area than near the White Sea coast. A chironomid-based temperature reconstruction reflects a warming trend in the early Holocene, interrupted by a transient cooling at ca. 8500–8000 cal yr BP with a maximum drop in temperature (ca. 1°C) around 8200 cal yr BP. The regional Holocene Thermal Maximum, characterized by maximum warmth and dryness occurred at ca. 7900–5400 cal yr BP. During this period, July temperatures were at least 1°C higher than at present. The relatively warm and dry climate persisted until ca. 4000 cal yr BP, when a pronounced neoglacial cooling was initiated. Minimum temperatures, ca. 1–2°C lower than at present, were inferred at ca. 3200–3000 cal yr BP. Faunal shifts in the stratigraphic profile imply also that the late-Holocene cooling was followed by a general increase in effective moisture.
Talents and Interests: A Hegelian Moral Psychology
Authors: Yeomans Christopher L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne of the reasons why there is no Hegelian school in contemporary ethics in the way that there are Kantian, Humean and Aristotelian schools is because Hegelians have been unable to clearly articulate the Hegelian alternative to those schools’ moral psychologies, i.e., to present a Hegelian model of the motivation to, perception of, and responsibility for moral action. Here it is argued that in its most basic terms Hegel's model can be understood as follows: the agent acts in a responsible and thus paradigmatic sense when she identifies as reasons those motivations which are grounded in his or her talents and support actions that are likely to develop those talents in ways suggested by his or her interests.
Kac's Theorem for equipped graphs and for maximal rank representations
Authors: Crawley-Boevey William 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe give two generalizations of Kac's Theorem on representations of quivers. One is to representations of equipped graphs by relations, in the sense of Gelfand and Ponomarev. The other is to representations of quivers in which certain of the linear maps are required to have maximal rank.
Food in early life stages of Dosidicus gigas (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Camarillo-Coop Susana , Salinas-Zavala César A. , Lavaniegos Bertha E. , Markaida Unai 
Published: April 2013

The digestive system of 36 paralarvae and 150 juvenile Dosidicus gigas were analysed to determine the diet. The early life stages were collected in the central and south region of the Gulf of California during different years and ranged in dorsal mantle length (ML) from 2.8 to 120.5 mm. The food content was separated first into identifiable material (IM) and non-identifiable material (NIM). All paralarvae contained only NIM stored mainly in the caecum rather than stomach. Juvenile squid feed on nine different prey types: euphausiids, copepods, amphipods, unidentified crustaceans, fishes, cephalopods, pteropods, bivalves and polychaetes. The IM were found mainly in the stomachs of juveniles with increasing number and diversity of prey in a function of increasing squid body size. In fact, juveniles from 60 to 120 mm ML had high stomach fullness percentages in half full and completely full stomachs suggesting improvement of swimming and hunting behaviour as they grow.
The distribution of haemoglobin C and its prevalence in newborns in Africa
Authors: Piel Frédéric B. , Howes Rosalind E. , Patil Anand P. , Nyangiri Oscar A. , Gething Peter W. , Bhatt Samir , Williams Thomas N. , Weatherall David J. , Hay Simon I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHaemoglobin C (HbC) is one of the commonest structural haemoglobin variants in human populations. Although HbC causes mild clinical complications, its diagnosis and genetic counselling are important to prevent inheritance with other haemoglobinopathies. Little is known about its contemporary distribution and the number of newborns affected. We assembled a global database of population surveys. We then used a Bayesian geostatistical model to create maps of HbC frequency across Africa and paired our predictions with high-resolution demographics to calculate heterozygous (AC) and homozygous (CC) newborn estimates and their associated uncertainty. Data were too sparse outside Africa for this methodology to be applied. The highest frequencies were found in West Africa but HbC was commonly found in other parts of the continent. The expected annual numbers of AC and CC newborns in Africa were 672,117 (interquartile range (IQR): 642,116-705,163) and 28,703 (IQR: 26,027-31,958), respectively. These numbers are about two times previous estimates.
Error code correction for phase‐shifted optical quantisation based on maximum likelihood estimation algorithm
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Hongming , Dou Yujie , Yao Minyu 
Published: April 2013

An improved error code correction algorithm for phase‐shifted optical quantisation is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The error probabilities for each valid code are calculated and the invalid codes are corrected by using the maximum likelihood estimation algorithm. The experimental result shows that the spur‐free dynamic range of the system has an improvement of 2.28 dB compared to the Hamming algorithm in a 10‐GSamples/s, 4‐bit resolution all‐optical analogue‐to‐digital converter.
Towards in vivo biosensors for low‐cost protein sensing
Authors: Ramesh A. , Ren F. , Berger P.R. , Casal P. , Theiss A. , Gupta S. , Lee S.C. 
Published: April 2013

In vivo biosensing requires stable transistor operation in high‐salt concentration bodily fluids while exhibiting impermeability to mobile alkali ions that would otherwise render the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) threshold voltage to drift. Metal oxide semiconductor capacitor structures using Al2O3 as the gate dielectric were soaked in a sterile physiological buffer solution (PBS) up to 24 hours and for thicknesses from 100 to 10 nm. The triangular voltage sweep technique characterised alkali ion penetration, and measured no detectable alkali ions for the Al2O3 capacitors. By contrast, the dose of alkali ions in silicon dioxide MOS capacitors steadily increased with increasing soak times in the PBS solution.
All‐optical XOR gates for QPSK signal based optical networks
Authors: Kong D. , Li Y. , Wang H. , Zhou S. , Zang J. , Zhang J. , Wu J. , Lin J. 
Published: April 2013

All‐optical XOR gates for QPSK signal based optical network applications such as checksum, error recognisation etc., aided by a partially‐modulated QPSK signal, are demonstrated through a 10‐Gbaud proof‐of‐concept experiment with power penalty of 4 dB.
Bandwidth enhancement of ground antenna using resonant feeding circuit
Authors: Zhang R. , Liu Y. , Kim H.H. , Kim H. 
Published: April 2013

A loop‐type ground antenna with wide‐band operation is proposed for USB dongle applications. The solution for improving the bandwidth is based on a resonant feeding circuit that includes both an inductor and a capacitor. By choosing an appropriate ratio of the inductance to the capacitance, the impedance bandwidth (VSWR < 2) is 21.8% at 2.2 GHz, sufficient bandwidth to cover both the WCDMA and WiMax frequency bands.
First Report of Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Greenhouse-Grown Zucchini in Korea
Authors: Cheon W. , Jeon Y. H. 
Published: April 2013

In the winter of 2011, greenhouse-grown zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Andong City, Korea, showed severe disease symptoms on fruits and dying leaves of zucchini plants that resembled gray mold disease with about 20% yield loss. Symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia and gray conidia on stem and fruit lesions. Lesions expanded rapidly under cool, humid conditions. As the disease progressed, leaves, stems, and fruits became necrotic and were covered by an abundant, soft, gray, sporulating mycelium. Diseased fruit tissue was excised and surface sterilized by immersion in 2% NaOCl for 1 min, placed on PDA (potato dextrose agar), and incubated at 22°C. Fungal colonies were initially white and became gray to brown after 72 h. Analysis of light micrographs showed the presence of elliptical conidia on PDA that was 7.5 to 16.0 μm long and 5 to 10.5 μm wide. In culture, a few, black, small and large irregular sclerotia were produced. Microsclerotia were round, spherical or irregular in shape, and ranged from 1.0 to 3.3 and 1.2 to 3.4 mm (width and length). Conidiophores were slender and branched with enlarged apical cells bearing smooth, ash-colored conidia. These morphological characteristics identified the fungus as Botrytis cinerea (1). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS1 (forward) and ITS4 (reverse) primer set (ITS1: 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′, ITS4: 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) and sequenced (2). BLAST analysis of the PCR product showed that the sequence had 100% identity with the nucleotide sequences for B. cinerea. Pathogenicity tests were performed by placing mycelium fragments (1 cm2) of PDA cultures on zucchini fruits. Controls were treated with PDA alone. Five replicates for the inoculated and control plants were used. All fruits were covered with plastic bags and incubated in a growth chamber to maintain 90 to 100% relative humidity at 22°C. Typical symptoms appeared 2 to 6 days after inoculation. The inoculated plants developed typical gray mold symptoms with gray sporulating lesions, while controls remained healthy with no lesions. B. cinerea reisolated from the inoculated tissues was morphologically identical to the original isolates. In a cold outside (below 0°C), wet greenhouse, plants are likely to be exposed to resident Botrytis populations and if the gray mold disease occurs, it can spread on zucchini plants very fast, in 2 days to a week inside a 100 m2 greenhouse. Therefore, gray mold disease could have a significant impact on greenhouse production of zucchini. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing gray mold of greenhouse-grown zucchini in Korea. References: (1) H. L. Barnett and B. B. Hunter. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1972. (2) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1990.
Altered drainage patterns in patients with melanoma and previous axillary dissection
Authors: Johnson Caitlyn , Intenzo Charles , Mastrangelo Michael J. , Feeney Kendra , Berger Adam C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe incidence of melanoma is increasing rapidly in the United States. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in the treatment and staging of melanoma. However, many patients with melanoma will have had lymph node surgery for previous melanoma or breast cancer. We set out to examine alterations in drainage patterns in patients with previous axillary dissection for breast cancer. We reviewed four patients with truncal and/or extremity melanomas and examined their lymphoscintigraphy and drainage patterns. Three patients with truncal melanoma mapped to cervical lymph nodes and a fourth patient with an arm melanoma mapped to her previously dissected axilla. Sentinel lymph node mapping is still an important adjunct in patients with melanoma despite previous axillary dissection.
Relationship among antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, blood urea nitrogen and complement in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss syndrome)
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Kimura Satoko , Takeuchi Sora , Soma Yoshinao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), also known as Churg–Strauss syndrome, is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis characterized by a history of asthma, hypereosinophilia. The prevalence of ANCA in EGPA is less common than in other ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Increasing evidence of complement activation in the pathogenesis of ANCA‐associated vasculitis has been provided by studies in animal models. We examined EGPA patients with cutaneous manifestations as an initial sign and investigated the correlations among clinical, serological and histopathological findings. We focused on differences among ANCA, blood urea nitrogen and complement levels such as complement 3 (C3), C4 and total complement hemolytic activity (CH50). We retrospectively investigated the records of 22 patients (11 male and 11 female) with EGPA admitted to our hospital from 1997–2012. Ten of the 22 patients (46%) were positive for serum myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA. In contrast, all the patients were negative for serum proteinase 3 ANCA. There was a significantly positive correlation between serum CH50 and C4 levels in patients with EGPA. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels differed significantly between MPO‐ANCA‐positive and ‐negative patients. Serum CH50 levels were higher in MPO‐ANCA‐positive patients compared to negative patients. Serum BUN levels were higher in elevated CH50 patients compared to normal and low CH50‐negative patients. We propose that positive findings for MPO‐ANCA with CH50 high activity may be a risk factor for developing renal insufficiency. Assuming there are correlations between the presence of ANCA and complements, earlier diagnosis based on initial efficacious treatment for EGPA.
Direct inversion for a fluid factor and its application in heterogeneous reservoirs
Authors: Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao , Wu Guochen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPrestack seismic inversion plays an important role in estimating elastic parameters that are sensitive to reservoirs and fluid underground. In this paper, a simultaneous inversion method named FMR‐AVA (Fluid Factor, Mu (Shear modulus), Rho (Density)‐Amplitude Variation with Angle) is proposed based on partial angle stack seismic gathers. This method can be used for direct inversion for the fluid factor, shear modulus and density of heterogeneous reservoirs. Firstly, an FMR approximation equation of a reflection coefficient is derived based on poroelasticity with P‐ and S‐wave moduli. Secondly, a stable simultaneous AVA inversion approach is presented in a Bayesian scheme. This approach has little dependence on initial models. Furthermore, it can be applied in heterogeneous reservoirs whose initial models for inversion are not easy to establish. Finally, a model test shows the superiority of this FMR‐AVA inversion method in stability and independence of initial models. We obtain a reasonable fluid factor, shear modulus and density even with smooth initial models and moderate Gaussian noise. A real data case example shows that the inverted fluid factor, shear modulus and density fit nicely with well log interpretation results, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Managing uplands for biodiversity: Do agri‐environment schemes deliver benefits for breeding lapwing Vanellus vanellus?
Authors: Smart Jennifer , Bolton Mark , Hunter Fiona , Quayle Helen , Thomas Gavin , Gregory Richard D. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Within Europe, agri‐environment schemes are the key delivery mechanism for biodiversity conservation outside protected areas. Schemes have a range of land management options designed to deliver outcomes for target habitats or species.

Breeding waders form an important part of the biodiversity of upland grasslands, and in the UK, there are multiple land management options within agri‐environment schemes designed to benefit waders. We assessed whether such options improve the suitability of breeding habitat and population dynamics for a declining wader, the lapwing Vanellus vanellus.

The suitability of nesting and chick‐rearing habitat was better on land with agri‐environment scheme management, and breeding densities and productivity increased with habitat suitability.

The lapwing populations declined during this study, and trends did not differ between agri‐environment and non‐agri‐environment scheme land. Productivity was below that required for population stability, although there was evidence of higher productivity on agri‐environment scheme land in later years.

Agri‐environment management consisted of multiple land management options that varied in delivery of suitable habitat, breeding densities and success. The best management options were all in England on land benefiting from specific management advice or with rough grazing and grazed pasture agri‐environment scheme options.

Synthesis and applications. Despite considerable investment and positive effects of agri‐environment schemes on habitat quality, populations of lapwing in the UK uplands have declined because of inadequate productivity. For species with complex requirements, populations are only likely to increase when all of these requirements are provided. Appropriately targeted habitat management, delivered through agri‐environment schemes, can play an important role in improving habitat quality and increasing landscape diversity. However, when populations are limited by something other than habitat quality, for example, predation, then habitat management alone is unlikely to recover populations. Increasing evidence suggests that predation impacts are also likely to be important for ground‐nesting species such as lapwing. Predator management may therefore need to be integrated with habitat measures where predation is limiting breeding success and population recovery.
UK Debt in Comparative Perspective: The Pernicious Legacy of Financial Sector Debt
Authors: Thompson Helen 
Published: April 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract This article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of UK debt. makes a contribution to the debate on the Anglo-liberal growth model and its consequences for the recovery of the UK economy. The UK has the highest private debt among the G7 states plus Spain. Both financial services and household debt are high. Financial services debt is much the more consequential of the two sectors. It was a central component of the growth model of the UK prior to 2008 and its legacy is making the UK's recovery from recession extremely difficult. Financial sector debt also had an impact on the UK's rising borrowing requirement from 2007. However, it was not the direct cause of the rise in the UK's budget deficit, which was in large part a product of the Brown government's approach to its political difficulties as growth came to an end. Despite the UK's high budget deficit in comparative terms, the UK has enjoyed considerable fiscal autonomy the past few years. However, this autonomy could yet be threatened by the ongoing consequences of financial sector debt.
Implications of time‐series gene expression profiles of replicative senescence
Authors: Kim You‐Mie , Byun Hae‐Ok , Jee Byul A. , Cho Hyunwoo , Seo Yong‐Hak , Kim You‐Sun , Park Min Hi , Chung Hae‐Young , Woo Hyun Goo , Yoon Gyesoon 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAlthough senescence has long been implicated in aging‐associated pathologies, it is not clearly understood how senescent cells are linked to these diseases. To address this knowledge gap, we profiled cellular senescence phenotypes and mRNA expression patterns during replicative senescence in human diploid fibroblasts. We identified a sequential order of gain‐of‐senescence phenotypes: low levels of reactive oxygen species, cell mass/size increases with delayed cell growth, high levels of reactive oxygen species with increases in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity (SA‐β‐gal), and high levels of SA‐β‐gal activity. Gene expression profiling revealed four distinct modules in which genes were prominently expressed at certain stages of senescence, allowing us to divide the process into four stages: early, middle, advanced, and very advanced. Interestingly, the gene expression modules governing each stage supported the development of the associated senescence phenotypes. Senescence‐associated secretory phenotype–related genes also displayed a stage‐specific expression pattern with three unique features during senescence: differential expression of interleukin isoforms, differential expression of interleukins and their receptors, and differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitory proteins. We validated these phenomena at the protein level using human diploid fibroblasts and aging Sprague‐Dawley rat skin tissues. Finally, disease‐association analysis of the modular genes also revealed stage‐specific patterns. Taken together, our results reflect a detailed process of cellular senescence and provide diverse genome‐wide information of cellular backgrounds for senescence.