bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental conditions of accumulation of Cambrian carbonaceous rocks in the Siberian Platform
Authors: Staroseltsev V.S. , Shishkin B.B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Based on results of deep drilling and the CDP-2D seismic profiling, the relations between the Early and Middle Cambrian carbonaceous rocks and the underlying, overlying, and synchronously formed deposits in the Siberian Platform are analyzed, and the lithologo-paleogeographic, paleotectonic, and tectonic conditions of their formation are considered. It is shown that these carbonaceous rocks are intimately related to the Cambrian organogenic structures, up to their mutual transitions.
Formation mechanisms of ultradeep sedimentary basins: the North Barents basin. Petroleum potential implications
Authors: Artyushkov E.V. , Belyaev I.V. , Kazanin G.S. , Pavlov S.P. , Chekhovich P.A. , Shkarubo S.I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Consolidated crust in the North Barents basin with sediments 16–18 km thick is attenuated approximately by two times. The normal faults in the basin basement ensure only 10–15% stretching, which caused the deposition of 2–3 km sediments during the early evolution of the basin. The overlying 16 km of sediments have accumulated since the Late Devonian. Judging by the undisturbed reflectors to a depth of 8 s, crustal subsidence was not accompanied by any significant stretching throughout that time. Dramatic subsidence under such conditions required considerable contraction of lithospheric rocks. The contraction was mainly due to high-grade metamorphism in mafic rocks in the lower crust. The metamorphism was favored by increasing pressure and temperature in the lower crust with the accumulation of a thick layer of sediments. According to gravity data, the Moho in the basin is underlain by large masses of high-velocity eclogites, which are denser than mantle peridotites. The same is typical of some other ultradeep basins: North Caspian, South Caspian, North Chukchi, and Gulf of Mexico basins. From Late Devonian to Late Jurassic, several episodes of rapid crustal subsidence took place in the North Barents basin, which is typical of large petroleum basins. The subsidence was due to metamorphism in the lower crust, when it was infiltrated by mantle-source fluids in several episodes. The metamorphic contraction in the lower crust gave rise to deep-water basins with sediments with a high content of unoxidized organic matter. Along with numerous structural and nonstructural traps in the cover of the North Barents basin, this is strong evidence that the North Barents basin is a large hydrocarbon basin.
Formation history of large anticlinal trap structures for unique gas pools in northern West Siberia (by the example of the Medvezh’e field)
Authors: Kontorovich V.A. , Kontorovich D.V. , Surikova E.S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We consider the formation history of high-amplitude anticlinal trap structures for unique Cenomanian gas pools using the example of the Medvezh’e field. Analysis shows that the Turonian–Cenozoic was the most crucial stage of formation of the world’s largest gas-bearing province in northern West Siberia. This stage was marked by (1) the formation of large anticlinal traps—petroleum-promising objects; (2) the highest intensity of gas formation, which caused the filling of these traps; and (3) the formation of the Kuznetsov seal, which shields the giant Cenomanian gas pools.
Stratigraphy of Vendian terrigenous deposits in the northeast of the Nepa–Botuobiya Anteclise
Authors: Lebedev M.V. , Moiseev S.A. , Topeshko V.A. , Fomin A.M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We discuss the current understanding of the Vendian Regional Stages in the northeast of the Nepa-Botuobiya Anteclise, establish a new correlation of the Vendian sections across different facies, and propose stratotypes for the introduced stratigraphic units. A new stratigraphic chart is constructed for the Vendian terrigenous strata in the northeast of the Nepa-Botuobiya Anteclise and the adjacent territories.
The Cambrian sediments of the Cis-Yenisei basin (West Siberia): stratigraphy and correlation
Authors: Filippov Yu.F. , Saraev S.V. , Korovnikov I.V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A scheme is proposed for the stratigraphic division and correlation of the Cambrian sediments of the Upper Proterozoic–Paleozoic Cis-Yenisei basin. It is based on data from the drilling of parametric wells (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-1, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, and others). Two structure-facies zones are recognized in the study area: Kas zone (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-4, and Eloguiskaya-1 wells), in which the sedimentary complexes accumulated in a salt subbasin, and Ket’ zone (Vostok-1 and Vostok-3 wells) with open-sea-basin sedimentation. The boundary between the structure-facies zones passes along the reconstructed zone of a barrier reef stretching in the N–S direction. The Vostok-4 well is localized in the western Kas structure-facies zone, at the salt subbasin/barrier reef boundary. Local stratigraphic units (formations) are described and compared with the adjacent Turukhan–Irkut–Olekma facies region of the Siberian Platform.
Composition and distribution of alkylnaphthalenes in West Siberian oils
Authors: Golovko A.K. , Kontorovich A.E. , Pevneva G.S. , Fursenko E.A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The type of source organic matter of West Siberian oils localized at depths of 1425 to 3950 m in Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Paleozoic deposits is determined based on the composition of bio- and geomarkers. The individual and group compositions of alkylnaphthalenes of these oils are studied. The geochemical parameters of oil transformation are calculated from the composition of methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylnaphthalenes. Data on the individual composition of alkylnaphthalenes are processed by the method of principal components of factor analysis. The matrix is compiled of 44 oils and 22 characteristics (contents of individual alkylnaphthalenes). The molecular-mass distributions of alkylnaphthalenes in oils of different genesis served as a basis for the separation of the latter into families according to the compositional similarity of biarenes and the degree of oil transformation.
Integrated electromagnetic and geochemical surveys for petroleum exploration in West Siberia
Authors: Epov M.I. , Antonov E.Yu. , Nevedrova N.N. , Olenchenko V.V. , Pospeeva E.V. , Napreev D.V. , Sanchaa A.M. , Potapov V.V. , Plotnikov A.E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Electromagnetic soundings with controlled and natural sources (TEM and MT, respectively) integrated with IP and geochemical surveys have been tested for petroleum exploration in West Siberia. The TEM method, with loop sizes smaller than the depth to the target, provide high resolution, sufficient penetration depth, and data locality. The MT method sounds deeper earth and can place constraints on the Paleozoic basement structure and its electrical properties. The petroleum implications of IP and geochemical data are associated with secondary alteration (mineralization) of rocks over oil traps.
No Global Labor History without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond
Authors: Hofmeester Karin , Lucassen Jan , Ribeiro da Silva Filipa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labor relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa. The introduction ends with an analysis of four case studies that are presented in this special section, with a specific focus on shifts in labor relations and how they could be explained.
Density measurements of laser interaction with ordered structured ‘snow’ targets
Authors: Schleifer E. , Botton M. , Nahum E. , Eisenman S. , Zigler A. , Henis Z. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a new method to control the position of a micro-column snow target. This target enables the measurement of the mean electron density of the pre-plasma created by a pre-pulse with different time delays. This research will allow a better understanding of the generation of fast protons from the interaction between a structured pre-plasma and a high intensity laser.
Numerical simulation of turbulent duct flows with constant power input
Authors: Hasegawa Yosuke , Quadrio Maurizio , Frohnapfel Bettina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe numerical simulation of a flow through a duct requires an externally specified forcing that makes the fluid flow against viscous friction. To this end, it is customary to enforce a constant value for either the flow rate (CFR) or the pressure gradient (CPG). When comparing a laminar duct flow before and after a geometrical modification that induces a change of the viscous drag, both approaches lead to a change of the power input across the comparison. Similarly, when carrying out direct numerical simulation or large-eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows, the power input is not constant over time. Carrying out a simulation at constant power input (CPI) is thus a further physically sound option, that becomes particularly appealing in the context of flow control, where a comparison between control-on and control-off conditions has to be made. We describe how to carry out a CPI simulation, and start with defining a new power-related Reynolds number, whose velocity scale is the bulk flow that can be attained with a given pumping power in the laminar regime. Under the CPI condition, we derive a relation that is equivalent to the Fukagata–Iwamoto–Kasagi relation valid for CFR (and to its extension valid for CPG), that presents the additional advantage of naturally including the required control power. The implementation of the CPI approach is then exemplified in the standard case of a plane turbulent channel flow, and then further applied to a flow control case, where a spanwise-oscillating wall is used for skin-friction drag reduction. For this low-Reynolds-number flow, using 90 % of the available power for the pumping system and the remaining 10 % for the control system is found to be the optimum share that yields the largest increase of the flow rate above the reference case where 100 % of the power goes to the pump.
A profile of New Zealand ‘Asian’ participants of the 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey: focus on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes
Authors: Parackal Sherly M , Smith Claire , Parnell Winsome Ruth 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate similarities and differences in dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes of South Asians (SA) and East and South-East Asians (ESEA) and the New Zealand European and Other (NZEO) group, and to examine differences within ‘Asian’ subgroups according to duration of residence.DesignNutrient intake data from 24 h diet recalls and data from the dietary habits questionnaire, anthropometry and biochemical analyses from the cross-sectional 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey in New Zealand were compared for participants categorized as SA, ESEA and NZEO.SubjectsAdults aged 15 years and older (n2995).SettingNew Zealand households.ResultsSA were more likely to ‘never’ eat red meat in comparison to NZEO (P<0·001) and among females also in comparison to ESEA (P<0·05). Intakes of fats and some micronutrients (riboflavin, vitamin B6, B12, Se) were lower among SA than NZEO (P<0·05). Lower intakes of Zn and vitamin B12were reported by SA females compared with ESEA and NZEO females (P<0·05). A higher percentage of SA were obese using ethnic-specific cut-offs, had lower indices of Fe status and reported diagnosed diabetes compared with NZEO and ESEA. Recent SA male migrants had higher intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C and Ca compared with long-term migrants (P<0·05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that dietary habits, nutrient intakes, blood profile and body size differ significantly between Asian subgroups. It also provides some evidence for changes in dietary intakes according to duration of residence especially for SA males.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a Root Canal System by Nd:YAG Laser and Rotary Instruments
Authors: Samiei Mohammad , Pakdel Seyyed Mahdi Vahid , Rikhtegaran Sahand , Shakoei Sahar , Ebrahimpour Delaram , Taghavi Pedram 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of a root canal system by Nd:YAG laser and rotary instruments. Sixty single-rooted human teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=15). In the first group the teeth were prepared with a step-back technique using conventional K-files. In the second and third groups, tooth preparation was carried out using Nd:YAG laser and rotary NiTi instruments, respectively. Teeth in the fourth group were prepared by combined laser and rotary methods. The smear layer remaining on canal walls was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy in the coronal, middle, and apical portions. The comparison of smear layer removal efficacy between groups was carried out by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The mean grades of smear layer removal in rotary-laser, rotary, laser and step-back techniques were 1.34±0.18, 2.2±0.28, 1.91±0.25, and 2.42 ±0.19, respectively. On the whole, differences between rotary-laser and rotary groups, step-back, and the three other techniques (rotary, laser, and rotary-laser) were significant at p=0.034. Based on the findings of this study, the cleaning efficacy of rotary, laser, and rotary-laser techniques were better than the step-back technique and the combined laser and rotary technique was the most efficient method.
Resistive switching and its suppression in Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions
Authors: Mikheev Evgeny , Hoskins Brian D. , Strukov Dmitri B. , Stemmer Susanne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOxide-based resistive switching devices are promising candidates for new memory and computing technologies. Poor understanding of the defect-based mechanisms that give rise to resistive switching is a major impediment for engineering reliable and reproducible devices. Here we identify an unintentional interface layer as the origin of resistive switching in Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions. We clarify the microscopic mechanisms by which the interface layer controls the resistive switching. We show that appropriate interface processing can eliminate this contribution. These findings are an important step towards engineering more reliable resistive switching devices.
Physiological assessment of Olympic windsurfers
Authors: Vogiatzis Ioannis , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOlympic boardsailing is a very demanding endurance sport activity. The main reason for this phenomenon is ascribable to the fact that elite windsurfers use pumping for propulsion during sailing. Pumping is a manoeuvre in which the athlete pulls the sail rhythmically so that it acts as a wing, thus providing the board with additional forward motion especially in light and moderate wind conditions. It has been demonstrated, by using portable metabolimeters, that Olympic boardsailing (Mistral board and the current Olympic board the Neil Pryde RS:X) entails high energy and cardiorespiratory requirements. In elite Olympic board‐sailors, by measuring energy costs and cardiorespiratory responses, it was found that (in wind velocity conditions ranging between 4 and 15 m s−1) pumping, compared to non‐pumping sailing, induced a significant increase in oxygen uptake () and heart rate (HR) demands (from 19.2 to 48.4 ml min−1 kg−1 and from 110 to 165 beats min−1, respectively). In general, across studies the aerobic demand, recorded on various windsurf boards (expressed as% ), was greater than 75%, whilst HR values were greater than 85% of HRmax during actual racing conditions. In conclusion, Olympic class windsurfing can be considered as a high‐intensity endurance type of sport that is comparable to other aerobic sporting activities such as rowing. Sail pumping is the crucial factor determining this high intensity of aerobic demand. Moreover, the fact that a typical regatta includes many races over several days implies that particular attention must be paid to the training strategy and the nutritional requirement of this discipline.
Psychotropic Medications for Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Hussain Sunny Z. , Hyman Paul E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children based on available data. We address their safety and efficacy. Most pediatric gastroenterologists do not or are not able to collaborate with child psychiatrists, so it may be beneficial for pediatric gastroenterologists to have a working knowledge of off‐label psychotropic drugs to improve functional symptoms. We recommend that efforts be made to involve both the children and their families from the beginning, adverse effects be mentioned, and the treatment plan be explained.
Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health
Authors: Sandifer Paul A. , Sutton‐Grier Ariana E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOcean and coastal ecosystems provide many critical ecosystem services that support human health and well‐being including providing food, storm protection, and carbon sequestration. Environmental stressors acting individually or concurrently and synergistically are reducing the ability of coastal ecosystems to provide key ecosystem services that may result in decreases in human health and well‐being. We outline some impacts to human health and well‐being that may result from the effects on coastal and ocean ecosystem services of five example stressors: rising temperatures, nutrient enrichment, ocean acidification, habitat destruction and the concomitant loss of biodiversity, and extreme weather events. We conclude with suggestions for research and related actions to improve our understanding and management of coastal ecosystems. These include the need for natural and biomedical/public health scientists, and their respective professional organizations, to work together to increase understanding of the connections between healthy and degraded coastal and marine ecosystems and human health, and for policy and decision‐makers to account for these impacts when considering trade‐offs among management alternatives.
The Peri‐procedural Use of Dabigatran in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Somani Riyaz , Mohajer Kiarash , Haley Charlotte , Simpson Christopher S. , Abdollah Hoshiar , Baranchuk Adrian , Redfearn Damian P. , Michael Kevin 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation is an effective strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The peri‐procedural use of anticoagulation is routinely employed to reduce thromboembolic risk.Aims/MethodsThe aim of this study was to compare the use of Dabigatran to the other 2 strategies involving the use of Warfarin. Single centre observational study comparing 3 anticoagulation strategies: Group 1 consisted of patients maintained on Warfarin (5.15 ± 2.52 mg) with a therapeutic INR of 2–3. Group 2 comprised patients initially treated with Warfarin (6.98 ± 3.17 mg), which was discontinued 1 week prior to LA ablation, during which time patients were bridged with a therapeutic dose of Dalteparin. Group 3 included patients anticoagulated with Dabigatran (40 patients received 150 mg BID, 3 patients received 110 mg BID), which was discontinued 24–30 h prior to the procedure.ResultsA total of 207 patients were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, sex, LA volume, CHADS2 score or proportion of patients with persistent AF. There were no significant differences in the number of patients with intra‐cardiac thrombus found at TOE (Group 1: 2.3% vs. Group 2: 1.5% vs. Group 3: 0%; P = 0.37). Furthermore, there were no differences in the rate of groin hematoma (2.2% vs. 1.5% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.8) or the development of pericardial effusion (5.4% vs. 8.8% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.54). No thromboembolic events were seen.ConclusionPeri‐procedural use of Dabigatran during AF ablation procedures is safe, with no significant difference when compared to conventional anticoagulation with either Warfarin bridged with Dalteparin or uninterrupted Warfarin.
Clinical and economic impact of a switch from high‐ to low‐volume renal replacement therapy in patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Paterson A. L. , Johnston A. J. , Kingston D. , Mahroof R. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHigh‐intensity renal replacement therapy protocols in intensive care patients with acute kidney injury have failed to translate to improved patient outcomes when compared with lower‐intensity protocols. This retrospective study explored the clinical and economic impacts of switching from a 30–35 ml.kg−1.h−1 (high‐volume) to a 20 ml.kg−1.h−1 (low‐volume) protocol. Patients (n = 366) admitted 12 months before (n = 187) and after (n = 179) the switch were included in the study. There was no difference in in‐hospital mortality (77/187 (41%) vs 75/179 (42%), respectively, p = 0.92), intensive care unit mortality (55/187 (29%) vs 61/179 (34%), respectively, p = 0.40), duration of organ support or extent of renal recovery between the high‐ and low‐volume cohorts. A 25% reduction in daily replacement fluid usage was observed, equating to a cost saving of over £27 000 per annum. In conclusion, a switch from high‐ to low‐volume continuous haemodiafiltration had minimal effects on clinical outcomes and resulted in marked cost savings.
Complex epidermal organs of Phascolion (Sipuncula): insights into the evolution of bimodal secretory cells in annelids
Authors: Müller Carsten H.G. , Hylleberg Jørgen , Michalik Peter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe epidermal organs of an undescribed Phascolion species from the Balearic Islands were investigated using SEM, TEM, LM, CLSM and μCT methods. We found axial receptor cells confirming the previously assumed sensory function of epidermal organs. Our analyses also revealed six types of secretory cells. Some secretory cells types are capable of secreting filamentous and amorphous secretion in two different ways simultaneously (bimodal secretion). The high diversity of cell types, the complex pattern of acinar units, and the absence of a common gland pore make epidermal organs of Phascolion unique amongst sipunculans (Phascolion type). Our reconstruction of the evolution of the epidermal organs of Sipuncula revealed that Phascolion‐type epidermal organs may have derived from either Golfingia‐, Sipunculus‐ or Phascolosoma‐type epidermal organs. The oldest known sipunculans were Golfingia‐like and had epidermal organs, which might resemble the architecture of the Golfingia‐type epidermal organs in extant taxa. Thus, it can be hypothesized that bimodal secretory cells (e.g. basophilic secretory cells) were part of the sipunculan ground pattern. Moreover, bimodal secretory cells of Phascolion look strikingly similar to those found in various annelid glands and thus might even be part of the ground pattern of stem species of Sipuncula + Pleistoannelida.
Reconciling Traditional Morality and the Morality of Competition
Authors: Bailey Adam D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is commonly believed that the moral norms of “everyday” or “traditional” morality apply uniformly in all business contexts. However, Joseph Heath has recently argued that this is not the case. According to Heath, the norms of everyday morality apply with respect to “administered” transactions but not “market” transactions. Market transactions are, he argues, governed by a distinct, “adversarial” morality. In this article, I argue that Heath's attempt to show that competitive contexts are governed by a distinct, adversarial morality does not succeed. I then undertake the task of showing that, contrary to what is commonly thought, competitive actions can be reconciled with the norms of traditional morality.