bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex genetic and environmental relationships
between psychological distress, fatigue and immune
functioning: a twin study
Authors: HICKIE I. , BENNETT B. , LLOYD A. , HEATH A. , MARTIN N. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Although there is considerable support for
adverse relationships between states of
psychological and somatic distress and immune response, there is little
evidence in humans of the
relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors.Methods. This study utilized a twin methodology to examine
the interplay between psychological
distress, fatigue and immune function. We recorded a number of measures
of distress, including
conventional depression and anxiety as well as the somatic symptom of prolonged
fatigue, and
immune responsiveness (by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response)
in 124 normal adult twin
pairs (79 monozygotic, 45 dizygotic).Results. While there were strong genetic influences on the
psychological distress and fatigue factors
(only some of which are common to both), familial aggregation of immune
responsiveness arose
mainly from environmental factors shared by both members of a twin pair.
Phenotypic correlations
between psychological and immune measures were negligible, but multivariate
genetic modelling
revealed that these masked larger genetic and environmental correlations
of opposite sign. Negative
environmental effects of psychological distress and fatigue on immune responsiveness
were
countered by a positive genetic relationship between psychological distress
and immune function.Conclusions. Our study suggests that current psychoneuroimmunological
hypotheses in humans
need to be modified to place increasing importance on the individual's
genotype. In this cohort
immune responsiveness varied in response to a complex interplay of genetic
and environmental
factors. Additionally, although psychological distress and fatigue had
some shared genetic
determinants, independent genetic and environmental risk factors for fatigue
were also identified.
Play, dreams, and simulation
Authors: Cheyne J. A. 
Published: July 2002

Threat themes are clearly over-represented in dreams. Threat is, however, not the only theme with potential evolutionary significance. Even for hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis, for which threat themes are far commoner than for ordinary dreaming, consistent non-threat themes have been reported. Revonsuo's simulation hypothesis represents an encouraging initiative to develop an evolutionary functional approach to dream-related experiences but it could be broadened to include evolutionarily relevant themes beyond threat. It is also suggested that Revonsuo's evolutionary re-interpretation of dreams might profitably be compared to arguments for, and models of, evolutionary functions of play.[Revonsuo]
Dreaming has content and meaning not just form
Authors: Kramer Milton 
Published: July 2002

The biological theories of dreaming provide no explanation for the transduction from neuronal discharge to dreaming or waking consciousness. They cannot account for the variability in dream content between individuals or within individuals. Mind-brain isomorphism is poorly supported, as is dreaming's link to REM sleep. Biological theories of dreaming do not provide a function for dreaming nor a meaning for dreams. Evolutionary views of dreaming do not relate dream content to the current concerns of the dreamer and using the nightmare as the paradigm dream minimizes the impact of poor sleep on adaptations.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms]
Paying for Long-Term Domiciliary Care:
A Comparative Perspective
Authors: GLENDINNING CAROLINE , SCHUNK MICHAELA , McLAUGHLIN EITHNE 
Published: July 2002

Concerns over growing numbers and proportions of older people in
industrialised societies have prompted interest in the development of cheaper
ways of providing long-term care for older people. While debate in the UK is
currently focused on the costs of residential and nursing care, other European
and Nordic countries have introduced schemes designed to encourage or
sustain the provision of ‘social’ care by family members, friends and
‘volunteers’, on the assumption that this can be
provided at lower net public
expense than either residential care or formally-organised domiciliary services.Drawing on material from a detailed comparative study, this paper describes
four different models on which such payments are currently based. These
models are discussed and evaluated, taking into account factors which include
the eligibility criteria for payments; maximising the autonomy of older people
and family care-givers; and the relationships between financial payments and
access to services.These models locate systems of payment within the broader context of
financial and service support designed to help frail older people and those who
support them. They therefore highlight the importance of considering both
financial support and services in comparative studies of social welfare
provision. However, further evaluation and policy development is hindered by
the lack of evaluation of different models of paying for care and a lack of
evidence about the experiences of older people and care-givers.
I and others: alcohol use among older
people as a social and cultural phenomenon
Authors: TOLVANEN EIJA 
Published: July 2002

Analysing transcripts of survey interview episodes, this paper
examines the
ways in which older people in Finland talk about their use of alcohol.
It also
aims to shed light on the meaning of alcohol use in the context of social
ageing.The use of alcohol was described in forty structured interviews with
people
aged 60–89 years. They provided accounts of drinking situations or
contexts,
or juxtaposed their own drinking habits with that of ‘others’.
Perceptions of
these ‘others’ were constructed by interviewees from cultural
stereotypes of
Finnish drinking habits.Descriptions of alcohol use were embedded in everyday life and cultural

frames rather than in those of old age or ageing. In the context of social
ageing,
alcohol use appeared in these interviews as a cultural indicator, reflecting
the
cultural habits and norms attached to drinking. As a social indicator,
it
suggested that advanced age is losing its significance as an independent
factor
distinguishing lifestyles.
Conference Report
Authors: Langdon W.B. 
Published: July 2002

GECCO-99 STUDENT WORKSHOP(13th July, 1999)The Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99) in Orlando, Florida, USA was the biggest ever conference on evolutionary computation. It was a joint meeting of the long standing biannual International Conference on Genetic Algorithms (ICGA) which has been running since 1985 and the more recent annual Genetic Programming (GP) conference (which started in 1996). Before the start of each GP conference there has been a workshop for PhD students research in GP. This year Dr. O'Reilly (MIT AI lab) organized a joint graduate student workshop for research students principally concerned with any aspect of evolutionary computation, Evolvable Hardware, DNA computation, Artificial Life or Agents.
PRIORITIZING INVESTMENTS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Davies Linda , Drummond Michael , Papanikolaou Panos 
Published: July 2002

Objective: The objective was to develop an economic prioritization
model to assist those involved in the selection and prioritization of health
technology assessment topics and commissioning of HTA projects.Methods: The model used decision analytic techniques to estimate
the expected costs and benefits of the health care interventions that were the
focus of the HTA question(s) considered by the NHS Health Technology
Assessment Programme in England. Initial estimation of the value for money of
HTA was conducted for several topics considered in 1997 and 1998.Results: The results indicate that, using information routinely
available in the literature and from the vignettes, it was not possible to
estimate the absolute value of HTA with any certainty for this stage of the
prioritization process. Overall, the results were uncertain for 65% of the HTA
questions or topics analyzed. The relative costs of the interventions or
technologies compared to existing costs of care and likely levels of
utilization were critical factors in most of the analyses. The probability
that the technology was effective with the HTA and the impact of the HTA on
utilization rates were also key determinants of expected costs and benefits.Conclusions: The main conclusion was that it is feasible to
conduct ex ante assessments of the value for money of HTA for
specific topics. However, substantial work is required to ensure that the
methods used are valid, reliable, consistent, and an efficient use of valuable
research time.
Preface
Authors: DEZANI-CIANCAGLINI MARIANGIOLA , LONGO GIUSEPPE , SELDIN JONATHAN P. 
Published: July 2002

This special double issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science is in honour of
Roger Hindley and is devoted to the topic of lambda-calculus and logic.It is a great pleasure for us to greet Roger Hindley on the occasion of his retirement
from the University of Wales, Swansea, and his 60th birthday. We have known Roger
for many years and we have had the chance to collaborate with him and appreciate his
intellectual standard, his remarkable mathematical rigor, and his inexhaustible sense of
humour. This has enabled Roger to step back critically even in the face of a difficult
mathematical task and help to solve it by a new way of looking at it.Roger Hindley's dissertation concerned the Church–Rosser Theorem and was a significant
contribution to the topic. His subsequent work spanned many aspects of lambda-calculus, covering both its models and applications. To mention just a few, he produced
work on axioms for Curry's strong (eta) reduction, comparing lambda and combinatory
reductions (and models), models for type assignment, and formulas as types for some
nonstandard systems (intersection types, BCK systems, etc.).Roger Hindley collaborated with Jonathan Seldin on two well-known introductory
books on the subject (Bruce Lercher also collaborated as an author on the first of
these). More recently, he has published an introduction to type assignment. He was also
co-author with H. B. Curry and J. Seldin on Combinatory Logic, vol. II, which is an
important research publication on the subject.Roger has played an important role in the lambda-calculus community over the years
as that community has grown; in particular, he has been an active organiser of many
conferences on the topic. In fact, his success in disseminating knowledge about the lambda
calculus, particularly in the United Kingdom, means that Roger may be considered a
‘Godfather’ of ML and its type system.(In preparing this special issue of Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, we have
been fortunate enough to receive too many excellent papers for one double issue. As a
result, additional papers by colleagues who wish to honour Roger will appear in future
issues of this journal.)
Cathepsin B prevents cell death by fragmentation and destruction of pathological amyloid fibrils
Authors: Sulatsky Maksim I. , Stepanenko Olesya V. , Stepanenko Olga V. , Mikhailova Ekaterina V. , Sulatskaya Anna I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Amyloid fibrils cause organ and tissue dysfunction in numerous severe diseases. Despite the prevalence and severity of amyloidoses, there is still no effective and safe anti-amyloid therapy. This study investigates the impact of cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB) on amyloids associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, hemodialysis, and lysozyme amyloidosis. We analyzed the effect of CTSB on the size, structure, and proteotoxicity of amyloid fibrils formed from alpha-synuclein, abeta peptide (1-42), insulin, and lysozyme using a combination of spectroscopic, microscopic, electrophoretic, and colorimetric methods. Our comprehensive research revealed a dual effect of CTSB on amyloid fibrils. Firstly, CTSB induced amyloid fragmentation while preserving their ordered morphology, and, secondly, it “loosened” the tertiary structure of amyloids and reduced the regularity of the secondary structure. This dual mechanism of action was universal across fibrils associated with different pathologies, although the disruption efficacy and predominant type of degradation products depended on the amyloids’ structure, size, and clustering. Notably, CTSB-induced irreversible degradation significantly reduced the toxicity for immortalized and primary cell lines of low-clustered fibrils, such as alpha-synuclein amyloids associated with Parkinson’s disease. These findings enhance our understanding of how endogenous CTSB may regulate amyloid content at the molecular level in different neuropathologies. In addition, our results suggest the potential of CTSB as a component of anti-amyloid drugs in combination with agents that enhance the accessibility of proteolytic sites within amyloid clots and reduce these clusters stability.
Severe plastic deformation of Al strips through equal multi and single channel angular pressing
Authors: Gadallah Elshafey Ahmed , Abd Mohamed Ibrahim , Aal El 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Equal channel multi-angular pressing (ECMAP) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of Al-1050 strips were carried out. The ECMAP and ECAP load-displacement behavior, peak load, microhardness distribution maps, homogeneity, and average values were investigated. Finite element simulations (FEM) of the ECMAP and ECAP were performed using the DEFORM-3D program. The experimental and FEM load-displacement curves were close to each other, with deviations between the FEM and experimental peak loads of 2.3–9.5 and 0.9–3.1% in the ECMAP and ECAP. The ECAP experimental and FEM peak loads were lower by 149.4-163.4 and 127.9-151.8% than that of the ECMAP after one to three passes. FEM average effective plastic strain was obtained with high accuracy in the different plans. The ECAP sample’s deformation homogeneity was higher by 19-62.6% relative to that of ECMAP samples. The microhardness results verify the 3D FEM simulation one that ECAP samples have a higher deformation homogeneity. Moreover, the average microhardness values of ECAP samples were higher by 4.5–13.3% than the ECMAP samples in the different plans. ECAP processing of Al-1050 strips is recommended rather than using ECMAP to produce large samples with a higher degree of deformation homogeneity and microhardness.
ANN-ANFIS model for optimising methylic composite biodiesel from neem and castor oil and predicting emissions of the biodiesel blend
Authors: Zhu Chao-zhe , Samuel Olusegun David , Taheri-Garavand Amin , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Paramasivam Prabhu , Hussain Fayaz , Enweremadu Christopher C. , Ayanie Abinet Gosaye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Researchers and stakeholders have shown interest in heterogeneous composite biodiesel (HCB) due to its enhanced fuel properties and environmental friendliness (EF). The lack of high viscosity datasets for parent hybrid oils has hindered their commercialisation. Reliable models are lacking to optimise the transesterification parameters for developing HCB, and the scarcity of predictive models has affected climate researchers and environmental experts. In this study, basic fuel properties were analysed, and models were developed models for the yield of HCB and kinematic viscosity (KV) for composite biodiesel/neem castor seed oil methyl ester (NCSOME) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Statistical indices such as computed coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square-error (RMSE), standard error of prediction (SEP), mean average error (MAE), and average absolute deviation (AAD) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques. Emission models for NCSOME-diesel blends were also established. The study investigated the impact of optimised fuel types/NCSOME-diesel (10–30 vol%), ZnO nanoparticle dosage (400–800 ppm), engine speed (1100–1700 rpm), and engine load (10–30%) on emission characteristics and environmental friendliness indices (EFI) such as carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), and Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UHC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The ANFIS model demonstrated superior performance in terms of R2, RMSE, SEP, MAE, and AAD compared to the ANN model in predicting yield and KV of HCB. The optimal emission levels for CO (49.26 ppm), NOx (0.5171 ppm), and UHC (2.783) were achieved with a fuel type of 23.4%, nanoparticle dosage of 685.432 ppm, engine speed of 1329.2 rpm, and engine load of 10% to ensure cleaner EFI. The hybrid ANFIS and ANN models can effectively predict and model fuel-related characteristics and improve the HCB process, while the RSM model can be a valuable tool for climate and environmental stakeholders in accurate forecasting and promoting a cleaner environment. The valuable datasets can also provide reliable information for strategic planning in the biodiesel and automotive industries.
Rurality and relative poverty drive acquisition of a stable and diverse gut microbiome in early childhood in a non-industrialized setting
Authors: Seco-Hidalgo Victor , Witney Adam A. , Chico Martha E. , Vaca Maritza , Arevalo Andrea , Schuyler Alexander J. , Platts-Mills Thomas A. E. , Ster Irina Chis , Cooper Philip J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There are limited longitudinal data from non-industrialized settings on patterns and determinants of gut bacterial microbiota development in early childhood. We analysed epidemiological data and stool samples collected from 60 children followed from early infancy to 5 years of age in a rural tropical district in coastal Ecuador. Data were collected longitudinally on a wide variety of individual, maternal, and household exposures. Extracted DNA from stool samples were analysed for bacterial microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both alpha and beta diversity indices suggested stable profiles towards 5 years of age. Greater alpha diversity and lower beta diversity were associated with factors typical of rural poverty including low household incomes, overcrowding, and greater agricultural and animal exposures. Consumption of unpasteurized milk was consistently associated with greater alpha diversity indices. Delivery method and antibiotic exposures during pregnancy and early childhood appeared to have limited effects on developmental trajectories of gut microbiota. Infants living in a non-industrialized setting in conditions of greater poverty and typically rural exposures appeared to acquire more rapidly a stable and diverse gut bacterial microbiome during childhood.
Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage
Authors: Alvan Haider Adnan , Jabbarzadeh Zohreh , Fard Javad Rezapour , Noruzi Parviz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Salinity is considered as one of the most important environmental stresses in plant growth and productivity around the world by arid and semi-arid areas; therefore, the development of an efficient strategy against salt stress in crops is urgently needed. Application of Se thus appeared to be an efficient approach for the improvement of plant growth and productivity under saline condition. This study investigated the effects of salinity stress by applying different NaCl levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM) in combination with foliar application of Se at different levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 µM) on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus. Done in a factorial design and completely randomized layout with three replications, the findings showed that salinity caused significant reduction in growth, increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. At an increase in growth defects among the saline treatments, a positive level of 90 mM NaCl was recorded, whereas the imposition of Se improved some growth traits in most aspects: phenolic and flavonoid contents; antioxidant capacity was boosted in Se-stressed plants. Indeed, at 10µM application level in most of salinity treatments and controls, enhancing the salinity tolerance was reflected. These evidences show cell membrane stabilization of Se through maintaining compounds with various protective functions coupled with enhancing their antioxidant enzyme capacity at efficient low doses. In conclusion, Se application through foliage was an effective method to enhance the plant’s tolerance capacity against salinity in sweet william and could turn out to be a sustained solution for agricultural production under salinity conditions.
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via modulating SIRT3 mediated mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Ning Xiaqing , Tang Jilang , Li Xueqin , Wang Jiaqi , Zhai Fan , Jiang Congcong , Zhang Shixia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) damage is an inevitable adverse effect of liver surgery. Recent research has found that IR damage is involved in severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial biosynthesis and dynamics control mitochondrial mass, distribution, and function. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is widely known for preserving health and functionality of mitochondria. DEX has been proven to alleviate liver damage through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. But it’s unclear how DEX protects mitochondria at this time. In this research, the mechanism behind the protective benefits of DEX was examined using the rat liver IR model and the rat liver cells (BRL-3 A) hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) model. We discovered that DEX treatment restored mitochondrial membrane potential, promoted ATP production, prevented oxidative stress, and decreased apoptosis in BRL-3 A cells. Furthermore, HR damage increased mitochondrial fission while decreasing mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis in BRL-3 A cells, which DEX partially corrected. The benefits of DEX on mitochondrial protection were reversed after addition of SR-18,292. Additionally, DEX showed the ability to enhance SIRT3 expression, and after cells were transfected with SIRT3 siRNA, DEX’s effects on mitochondria were partially prevented. Similarly, in the rat model, DEX alleviating liver histopathological injury and oxidative stress. DEX inhibited IR-induced mitochondrial damage through improving ETC complex I- IV activities and ATP content, reducing apoptosis, controlling mitochondrial quality, and upregulating the expression of SIRT3. Additionally, our research shows that DEX’s ability to protect the liver against IR damage is mediated by the modulation of mitochondrial quality control. Overall, the modification of SIRT3 activity could be responsible for this outcome.