bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-33 Is Required for Disposal of Unnecessary Cells during Ovarian Atresia through Regulation of Autophagy and Macrophage Migration
Authors: Wu Jean , Carlock Colin , Zhou Cindy , Nakae Susumu , Hicks John , Adams Henry P. , Lou Yahuan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Physiological processes such as ovarian follicle atresia generate large amounts of unnecessary cells or tissue detritus, which needs to be disposed of rapidly. IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine gene family. Constitutive expression of IL-33 in a wide range of tissues has hinted at its role beyond immune defense. We have previously reported a close correlation between IL-33 expression patterns and ovarian atresia. In this study, we demonstrated that IL-33 is required for disposal of degenerative tissue during ovarian atresia using Il33−/− mice. Deletion of the Il33 gene impaired normal disposal of atretic follicles, resulting in massive accumulations of tissue wastes abundant with aging-related catabolic wastes such as lipofuscin. Accumulation of tissue wastes in Il33−/− mice, in turn, accelerated ovarian aging and functional decline. Thus, their reproductive life span was shortened to two thirds of that for Il33+/− littermates. IL-33 orchestrated disposal mechanism through regulation of autophagy in degenerating tissues and macrophage migration into the tissues. Our study provides direct evidence supporting an expanded role of IL-33 in tissue integrity and aging through regulating disposal of unnecessary tissues or cells.
HLA-A02:01–Restricted Epitopes Identified from the Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein VP11/12 Preferentially Recall Polyfunctional Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells from Seropositive Asymptomatic Individuals and Protect Humanized HLA-A*02:01 Transgenic Mice against Ocular Herpes
Authors: Srivastava Ruchi , Khan Arif A. , Spencer Doran , Vahed Hawa , Lopes Patricia P. , Thai Nhi Thi Uyen , Wang Christine , Pham Thanh T. , Huang Jiawei , Scarfone Vanessa M. , Nesburn Anthony B. , Wechsler Steven L. , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The HSV type 1 tegument virion phosphoprotein (VP) 11/12 (VP11/12) is a major Ag targeted by CD8+ T cells from HSV-seropositive individuals. However, whether and which VP11/12 epitope–specific CD8+ T cells play a role in the “natural” protection seen in seropositive healthy asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who have never had clinical herpes disease) remain to be determined. In this study, we used multiple prediction computer-assisted algorithms to identify 10 potential HLA-A*02:01–restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes from the 718-aa sequence of VP11/12. Three of 10 epitopes exhibited high-to-moderate binding affinity to HLA-A*02:01 molecules. In 10 sequentially studied HLA-A*02:01–positive and HSV-1–seropositive ASYMP individuals, the most frequent, robust, and polyfunctional effector CD8+ T cell responses, as assessed by a combination of tetramer frequency, granzyme B, granzyme K, perforin, CD107a/b cytotoxic degranulation, IFN-γ, and multiplex cytokines assays, were predominantly directed against three epitopes: VP11/1266–74, VP11/12220–228, and VP11/12702–710. Interestingly, ASYMP individuals had a significantly higher proportion of CD45RAlowCCR7lowCD44highCD62LlowCD27lowCD28lowCD8+ effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEMs) specific to the three epitopes, compared with symptomatic individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent ocular herpetic disease). Moreover, immunization of HLA-A*02:01 transgenic mice with the three ASYMP CD8+ TEM cell epitopes induced robust and polyfunctional epitope-specific CD8+ TEM cells that were associated with a strong protective immunity against ocular herpes infection and disease. Our findings outline phenotypic and functional features of protective HSV-specific CD8+ T cells that should guide the development of an effective T cell–based herpes vaccine.
Fourth Order Exponential Time Differencing Method with Local Discontinuous Galerkin Approximation for Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Liang X. , Khaliq A. Q. M. , Xing Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper studies a local discontinuous Galerkin method combined with fourth order exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta time discretization and a fourth order conservative method for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Based on different choices of numerical fluxes, we propose both energy-conserving and energy-dissipative local discontinuous Galerkin methods, and have proven the error estimates for the semi-discrete methods applied to linear Schrödinger equation. The numerical methods are proven to be highly efficient and stable for long-range soliton computations. Extensive numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods.
Mixed Spectral Element Method for 2D Maxwell's Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Liu Na , Tobón Luis , Tang Yifa , Liu Qing Huo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is well known that conventional edge elements in solving vector Maxwell's eigenvalue equations by the finite element method will lead to the presence of spurious zero eigenvalues. This problem has been addressed for the first order edge element by Kikuchi by the mixed element method. Inspired by this approach, this paper describes a higher order mixed spectral element method (mixed SEM) for the computation of two-dimensional vector eigenvalue problem of Maxwell's equations. It utilizes Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) polynomials as the basis functions in the finite-element framework with a weak divergence condition. It is shown that this method can suppress all spurious zero and nonzero modes and has spectral accuracy. A rigorous analysis of the convergence of the mixed SEM is presented, based on the higher order edge element interpolation error estimates, which fully confirms the robustness of our method. Numerical results are given for homogeneous, inhomogeneous, L-shape, coaxial and dual-inner-conductor cavities to verify the merits of the proposed method.
Migration adolescente et autonomie féminine en matière de divorce en Afrique : réflexions à partir d’un suivi de population au Mali
Authors: Hertrich Véronique 
Published: January 2015

Les migrations de travail des adolescentes se sont imposées comme un phénomène de masse et un déterminant des évolutions de l’entrée en union dans de nombreuses populations rurales ouest-africaines. Ont-elles aussi des retombées à plus long terme dans la gestion de la vie conjugale des femmes, notamment en matière de divorce ? La question est abordée à partir des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies depuis 25 ans au sud-est du Mali par le projet Slam-Suivi longitudinal au Mali. Les migrations adolescentes, en décloisonnant l’espace de vie des femmes, ont effectivement élargi leur marge de manoeuvre et contribué à redéfinir leur place dans l’espace familial et conjugal. Cependant, elles n’ont pas conduit à une augmentation, mais à un recul des ruptures d’union. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’autonomie portée par l’expérience migratoire se décline dans l’espace familial par une capacité à développer des alternatives au divorce et à éviter les coûts personnels d’une rupture d’union (éloignement des enfants, abandon du réseau relationnel…).
De Montréal vers la banlieue : déterminants du choix du lieu de résidence
Authors: Marois Guillaume , Bélanger Alain 
Published: January 2015

L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les facteurs de localisation résidentielle à l’échelle municipale. Notre analyse porte sur Montréal, qui se distingue des autres métropoles nord-américaines par une dynamique linguistique qui lui est propre, où l’on observe un déclin de la majorité francophone du fait de l’augmentation du nombre de locuteurs d’une langue tierce, due à une forte immigration. Dans un cadre théorique basé sur l’utilité aléatoire (random utility model), un modèle de régression logit conditionnelle stratifiée selon la structure familiale a été développé pour tester l’importance des facteurs linguistiques et ethnoculturels sur le choix d’une municipalité de destination. Les résultats montrent que la composition linguistique est un facteur beaucoup plus important que la présence de minorités visibles pour expliquer le choix de la municipalité de résidence. L’accessibilité aux services et l’offre de logements ressortent également comme des facteurs déterminants de ce choix. Finalement, nos analyses révèlent que les personnes vivant au sein d’une nouvelle famille ou d’un couple en âge d’avoir des enfants sont plus attirées par une municipalité comportant un grand nombre de ménages avec enfant(s) de 5 ans ou moins.
Redesigning the clinical pharmacy practice model at a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Zolezzi Monica , Gottstein Ingo , Nilsson Benjamin 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Integrated, patient-centered clinical pharmacy services have been shown to improve patient outcomes in a variety of settings, including mental health. In this article, we describe and report the impact of a restructured clinical practice model that incorporated direct patient care by pharmacists implemented at a psychiatric facility in Edmonton, Canada. The purpose of redesigning the clinical pharmacy program was to deliver proactive pharmacist care through integrated clinical pharmacy services and to better align pharmacists' activities with those that have been reported to have a positive impact on patient outcomes.
Methods: Pharmacists' documentation notes in medical records for patients admitted and discharged from the hospital at four different time periods were reviewed. For each time period, the number, type, and documentation rate were measured and compared using a Student t test with correction for unequal variances. Significant change was defined as P &lt; .05. Documentation rates were also compared for short-stay versus long-stay patients.
Results: A consistent and statistically significant increase was found in pharmacists' clinical notes per chart from 0.15 to 1.5 (P &lt; .001) after implementation of the redesigned clinical practice model. The proportion of clinical notes also increased from 22% in the preimplementation period to up to 68% in the current period. This indicates that pharmacists were spending proportionally more time on proactive versus reactive care. Documentation rates also increased regardless of the patients' length of stay.
Discussion: The redesigned clinical practice model enabled a successful transition of the pharmacists' role, from being predominantly reactive to becoming more proactive and integrated.
Ten years of Martian nitric oxide nightglow observations
Authors: Stiepen Arnaud , Gérard Jean‐Claude , Gagné Marie‐Ève , Montmessin Franck , Bertaux Jean‐Loup 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present 10 years of Martian NO nightglow Spectroscopy for Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars observations in limb and stellar occultation modes. The NO nightglow is used as a tracer of the summer‐to‐winter hemispherical circulation in the upper atmosphere of Mars. Its distribution roughly follows the curve latitude = −80 sin(solar longitude), with deviations. We find that the peak brightness is 5 ± 4.5 kR, situated at 72 ± 10.4 km. It ranges from 0.23 to 18.51 kR and from 42 to 97 km. These values are consistent with previous studies. We also present maps of the brightness of the NO emission peak and its variability, an important factor that can reach up to 50% of the emission and is not reproduced by average brightness model maps. The characteristics and factors that may control the emission are investigated. In particular, we show that the solar activity exerts a positive influence on the number of detections. It does not influence, on the contrary, the brightness or altitude of the peak of the NO nightglow emission. Results presented in this study lead to future comparisons with global Martian atmospheric models and observational targets for the Imaging Ultraviolet Sprectrograph Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution.
Remote‐sensing constraints on South America fire traits by Bayesian fusion of atmospheric and surface data
Authors: Bloom A. Anthony , Worden John , Jiang Zhe , Worden Helen , Kurosu Thomas , Frankenberg Christian , Schimel David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSatellite observations reveal substantial burning during the 2007 and 2010 tropical South America fire season, with both years exhibiting similar total burned area. However, 2010 CO fire emissions, based on satellite CO concentration measurements, were substantially lower (−28%), despite the once‐in‐a‐century drought in 2010. We use Bayesian inference with satellite measurements of CH4 and CO concentrations and burned area to quantify shifts in combustion characteristics in 2010 relative to 2007. We find an 88% probability in reduced combusted biomass density associated with the 2010 fires and an 82% probability of lower fire carbon losses in 2010 relative to 2007. Higher combustion efficiency was a smaller contributing factor to the reduced 2010 CO emissions. The reduction in combusted biomass density is consistent with a reduction (4–6%) in Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 solar‐induced fluorescence (a proxy for gross primary production) during the preceding months and a potential reduction in biomass (≤8.3%) due to repeat fires.
Fault slip distribution of the 2014 Iquique, Chile, earthquake estimated from ocean‐wide tsunami waveforms and GPS data
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Murotani Satoko , Satake Kenji , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Gunawan Endra , Watada Shingo , Schurr Bernd 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe applied a new method to compute tsunami Green's functions for slip inversion of the 1 April 2014 Iquique earthquake using both near‐field and far‐field tsunami waveforms. Inclusion of the effects of the elastic loading of seafloor, compressibility of seawater, and the geopotential variation in the computed Green's functions reproduced the tsunami traveltime delay relative to long‐wave simulation and allowed us to use far‐field records in tsunami waveform inversion. Multiple time window inversion was applied to tsunami waveforms iteratively until the result resembles the stable moment rate function from teleseismic inversion. We also used GPS data for a joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and coseismic crustal deformation. The major slip region with a size of 100 km × 40 km is located downdip the epicenter at depth ~28 km, regardless of assumed rupture velocities. The total seismic moment estimated from the slip distribution is 1.24 × 1021 N m (Mw 8.0).
A dayside plasma depletion observed at midlatitudes during quiet geomagnetic conditions
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Stolle Claudia , Xiong Chao , Lühr Hermann , Pfaff Robert F. , Buchert Stephan , Martinis Carlos R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study we investigate a dayside, midlatitude plasma depletion (DMLPD) encountered on 22 May 2014 by the Swarm and GRACE satellites, as well as ground‐based instruments. The DMLPD was observed near Puerto Rico by Swarm near 10 LT under quiet geomagnetic conditions at altitudes of 475–520 km and magnetic latitudes of ∼25°–30°. The DMLPD was also revealed in total electron content observations by the Saint Croix station and by the GRACE satellites (430 km) near 16 LT and near the same geographic location. The unique Swarm constellation enables the horizontal tilt of the DMLPD to be measured (35° clockwise from the geomagnetic east‐west direction). Ground‐based airglow images at Arecibo showed no evidence for plasma density depletions during the night prior to this dayside event. The C/NOFS equatorial satellite showed evidence for very modest plasma density depletions that had rotated into the morningside from nightside. However, the equatorial depletions do not appear related to the DMLPD, for which the magnetic apex height is about 2500 km. The origins of the DMLPD are unknown, but may be related to gravity waves.
InSAR imaging of displacement on flexural‐slip faults triggered by the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lake Grassmere earthquake, central New Zealand
Authors: Kaneko Y. , Hamling I. J. , Van Dissen R. J. , Motagh M. , Samsonov S. V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveal surface slip on multiple faults triggered by the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lake Grassmere earthquake, New Zealand. Surface offsets of 1–2 cm occurred on previously inferred flexural‐slip faults located ∼4 km from the epicenter. We document dip slip on at least three different northeast striking, northwest dipping, flexural‐slip faults located in the western limb of a syncline. The along‐strike extent of the triggered slip is 1–1.5 km for each fault. Dislocation models suggest that triggered slip is confined to shallow depths (∼800 m). Coulomb stress analysis indicates that slip was not triggered by the static stress change of the main shock but was likely caused by dynamic shaking during the passage of seismic waves. Our finding also provides an important clue on how some slip on shallow flexural‐slip faults takes place.
Single spots, unipolar magnetic regions, and pairs of spots: 2. The development of sunspot pairs and the Hale boundary
Authors: Akasofu Syun‐Ichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSunspot pairs develop in connection with cell networks at or near the boundaries of positive and negative unipolar magnetic (UM) field regions. In this paper, we confirm his findings by recent data. In this connection, Svalgaard and Wilcox (1976) found also that solar activities occur only at one side of UM boundaries, called the “Hale boundary,” on the basis of their observation of the interplanetary magnetic field. It is shown in this paper that the Hale boundary can be recognized also on the photosphere. Further, it is shown that new UM regions grow at the beginning of a new sunspot cycle, and active regions and sunspot pairs tend to develop at or near newly developing Hale boundaries. Thus, it is suggested that UM regions and specifically Hale boundaries are very important for the formation of active regions, sunspots, and sunspot pairs. These facts suggest also that UM regions are not merely remnants of decaying old spots and active regions. Some of the essential features of sunspot pairs, as well as their relationship to the Hale boundary in both even and odd cycles are presented in one figure, illustrating several requirements for a theory of the formation of single spots and sunspot pairs.
Do West African thunderstorms predict the intensity of Atlantic hurricanes?
Authors: Price Colin , Reicher Naama , Yair Yoav 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSince 85% of all major Atlantic hurricanes originate as thunderstorm clusters in equatorial Africa, we have investigated the connection between these African thunderstorms and the consequent development of these disturbances into tropical storms. We have analyzed Meteosat infrared cloud top temperature data to determine the areal coverage of cold cloud tops over a 6 year period from 2005 to 2010. In addition, hurricane statistics from the same period (intensity, date of generation, location, and maximum winds) were obtained from the National Hurricane Center database. We first show that the areal coverage of cold clouds (with brightness temperatures Tb < −50°C) in tropical Africa is a good indicator of the monthly number of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) leaving the west coast of tropical Africa. Furthermore, the AEWs that develop into tropical storms have a significantly larger area covered by cold cloud tops compared with nondeveloping waves. Finally, we show that on a storm‐by‐storm basis, the cold cloud coverage in West Africa is positively correlated (r = 0.57) with the accumulated cyclone energy of the future tropical cyclones that develop out of these waves.
Role of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings on the response to Central Pacific El Niño
Authors: Iza Maddalen , Calvo Natalia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar stratospheric response to Central Pacific El Niño (CP‐El Niño) events remains unclear. Contradictory results have been reported depending on the definition and events considered. We show that this is due to the prominent role of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings (SSWs), whose signal dominates the NH winter polar stratospheric response to CP‐El Niño. In fact, the CP‐El Niño signal is robust when the events are classified according to the occurrence of SSWs and displays opposite response in winters with and without SSWs. In the absence of SSWs, polar stratospheric responses to Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific El Niño are clearly distinguishable in early winter, in relation to differences in the Pacific‐North American pattern. Our results demonstrate that the occurrence of SSWs needs to be taken into account when studying the stratospheric response to CP‐El Niño and explain why different responses to CP‐El Niño have been reported previously.
Quantitative maps of geomagnetic perturbation vectors during substorm onset and recovery
Authors: Pothier N. M. , Weimer D. R. , Moore W. B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe have produced the first series of spherical harmonic, numerical maps of the time‐dependent surface perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field following the onset of substorms. Data from 124 ground magnetometer stations in the Northern Hemisphere at geomagnetic latitudes above 33° were used. Ground station data averaged over 5 min intervals covering 8 years (1998–2005) were used to construct pseudo auroral upper, auroral lower, and auroral electrojet (AU*, AL*, and AE*) indices. These indices were used to generate a list of substorms that extended from 1998 to 2005, through a combination of automated processing and visual checks. Events were sorted by interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation (at the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite), dipole tilt angle, and substorm magnitude. Within each category, the events were aligned on substorm onset. A spherical cap harmonic analysis was used to obtain a least error fit of the substorm disturbance patterns at 5 min intervals up to 90 min after onset. The fits obtained at onset time were subtracted from all subsequent fits, for each group of substorm events. Maps of the three vector components of the averaged magnetic perturbations were constructed to show the effects of substorm currents. These maps are produced for several specific ranges of values for the peak |AL*| index, IMF orientation, and dipole tilt angle. We demonstrate an influence of the dipole tilt angle on the response to substorms. Our results indicate that there are downward currents poleward and upward currents just equatorward of the peak in the substorms' westward electrojet.