bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Transvaginal Sonography in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis
Authors: León Mauricio , Vaccaro Humberto , Alcázar Juan Luis , Martinez Jaime , Gutierrez Jorge , Amor Fernando , Iturra Alberto , Sovino Hugo 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of extended transvaginal sonography for diagnosing deep infiltrating endometriosis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted comprising 51 women (mean age, 32.9 years; range, 23–43 years) with suspected deep infiltrating endometriosis based on clinical symptoms. All women underwent extended transvaginal sonography, which included assessment of 2 pelvic compartments (anterior compartment: bladder and distal ureters; and posterior compartment: posterior vaginal fornix, retrocervical area, pouch of Douglas, and rectosigmoid). The sliding sign for detecting pouch of Douglas obliteration was also assessed. All patients received bowel preparation before sonographic examinations. A single examiner performed all examinations. All women underwent laparoscopic surgery, and histologic confirmation of endometriosis was done. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were calculated.ResultsSome women had more than 1 lesion, giving a total of 55 histologically confirmed lesions (rectosigmoid, n = 13; vagina, n = 5; retrocervical, n = 32; bladder, n = 5). The sensitivity, specificity, and LR+ for rectosigmoid involvement were 100%, 93%, and 14.0, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR− for vaginal involvement were 60%, 98%, 30.0, and 0.41. The sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR− for retrocervical involvement were 84%, 96%, 19.4, and 0.16. The sensitivity, specificity, and LR− for bladder involvement were 20%, 100%, and 0.80. The sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR− of the sliding sign for diagnosing pouch of Douglas obliteration were 89%, 92%, 10.7, and 0.12.ConclusionsExcept for bladder involvement, extended transvaginal sonography has good diagnostic performance for deep infiltrating endometriosis.
Fetal Left Ventricular Mass Determination on 2‐Dimensional Echocardiography Using Area‐Length Calculation Methods
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Zhi , Yang Bin , Wu Jing 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesFetal cardiac examination is an important part of fetal malformation screening. The purposes of this study were to describe the left ventricular (LV) mass in the second and third trimesters by 2‐dimensional echocardiography using area‐length calculation methods and to examine the clinical usefulness of this procedure in evaluation of gestational age (GA)‐ and fetal weight‐related LV mass changes.MethodsFive hundred healthy fetuses were divided into 2 groups (250 participants per group): second‐ and third‐trimester groups. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was computed according to the Hadlock formula (Radiology 1984; 150:535–540). The LV mass at end diastole (LVd mass) and LV mass at end systole (LVs mass) were measured, and the difference between the LVd mass and LVs mass [LV(d‐s) mass], LVd mass/EFW ratio, and LVs mass/EFW ratio were calculated.ResultsThe EFW, LVd mass, LVs mass, and LV(d‐s) mass were all significantly greater in the third‐trimester group than the second‐trimester group (P < .05), whereas the LVd mass/EFW and LVs mass/EFW ratios did not differ between the groups (P > .05). The LVd mass, LVs mass, and LV(d‐s) mass all significantly correlated with GA and weight (P< .001), but the LVd mass/EFW and LVs mass/EFW ratios did not (P > .05).ConclusionsTwo‐dimensional echocardiography using area‐length calculation methods can effectively provide measurements for LV mass and can sensitively indicate fetal weight‐ and GA ‐related changes in LV mass. Fetal cardiac mass measurement is a useful parameter for evaluation of fetal heart development.
A two‐way nested simulation of the oceanic circulation in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Combes Vincent , Matano Ricardo P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article presents the results of a high‐resolution (1/12°), two‐way nested simulation of the oceanic circulation in the southwestern Atlantic region. A comparison between the model results and extant observations indicates that the nested model has skill in reproducing the best‐known aspects of the regional circulation, e.g., the volume transport of the ACC, the latitudinal position of the BMC, the shelf break upwelling of Patagonia, and the Zapiola Anticyclone. Sensitivity experiments indicate that the bottom stress parameterization significantly impacts the mean location of the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence and the transport of the Zapiola Anticyclone. The transport of the Brazil Current strengthens during the austral summer and weakens during the austral winter. These variations are driven by the wind stress curl over the southwestern Atlantic. The variations of the transport of the Malvinas Current are out of phase with those of the Brazil Current. Most of the seasonal variability of this current is concentrated in the offshore portion of the jet, the inshore portion has a weak seasonality that modulates the magnitude of the Patagonian shelf break upwelling. Using passive tracers we show that most of the entrainment of deep waters into the shelf occurs in the southernmost portion of the Patagonian shelf and along the inshore boundary of the Brazil Current. Shelf waters are preferentially detrained near the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence. Consistent with previous studies, our simulation also shows that south of ∼42°S the Malvinas Current is composed of two jets, which merge near 42°S to form a single jet farther north.
Spectra and waveforms of ELF transients in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with small losses
Authors: Nickolaenko A. P. , Hayakawa M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpectra and the waveforms are computed of the pulsed radio signals arriving from different distances to an observer in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with the single‐scale exponential profile of air conductivity. The data were obtained for the cavity with exceptionally small losses. Spectra are compared of the signals in the realistic and an idealistic Earth‐ionosphere cavities. The waveforms are computed for such cavities and the pulse propagation velocities are evaluated. Studies of the Schumann resonance started from the ideal cavity model. Subsequent works dealt with the realistic propagation parameters and the ionosphere models on the Earth and other planets. However, the case of small losses is missing in the literature. We model ELF radio signals in such a cavity and demonstrate their noticeable distinctions from the customary records. In particular, the sinusoidal signals do not appear in the cavity with small losses, and instead, we obtain the sharp and large pulses. Computations show that the waveform propagating in the spherical cavity expands in time and reduces in amplitude. The time domain pulsed amplitudes were found at the source antipode and at the source point for the round‐the‐world wave. The latter becomes rather small even in the cavity with minor losses, so that autotriggering is unrealistic of a consecutive lightning discharge by the round‐the‐world echo even in a cavity with minor losses.
Safety and efficacy of topical bacteriophage and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a sheep model of sinusitis
Authors: Drilling Amanda , Morales Sandra , Boase Samuel , Jervis‐Bardy Joshua , James Craig , Jardeleza Camille , Tan Neil Cheng‐Wen , Cleland Edward , Speck Peter , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundTreatment of sinonasal bacterial biofilms continues to be a challenge in modern rhinology. This study's objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of topically applied Cocktail of S. aureus specific phage (CTSA) alone and in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vivo.MethodsUsing a sheep model of sinusitis, frontal sinuses (n = 6 per treatment) were flushed once daily with a CTSA (2 × 106 plaque forming units [PFU]/mL), with or without EDTA (0.075 mg/mL), and compared to a control flush containing saline and heat‐inactivated CTSA. Safety was assessed using histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment for 3 days. Efficacy was assessed by quantifying the generation of S. aureus biofilms in the frontal sinuses after 5 days of treatment. Biofilm mass was compared between treatment groups and controls using LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining and confocal scanning laser microscopy to visualize the tissue sections. COMSTAT2 software was used to compute the biofilm mass present on tissue sections.ResultsTissue morphology was conserved, with no significant signs of inflammation, when comparing control and test treatments. Furthermore, SEM analysis indicated test treatments were not toxic or damaging to mucosal cilia. COMSTAT2 quantification of biofilm showed a significant reduction in biofilm levels when comparing the control with CTSA (p = 0.0043), EDTA (p = 0.0095), and CTSA‐EDTA (p = 0.0022) treatments.ConclusionResults indicate that CTSA and EDTA are safe and efficacious for short‐term topical application against S. aureus infection in a sheep sinusitis model, and have the potential to be translated to a clinical setting.
Conductive olfactory losses in chronic rhinosinusitis? A computational fluid dynamics study of 29 patients
Authors: Zhao Kai , Jiang Jianbo , Pribitkin Edmund A. , Dalton Pamela , Rosen David , Lyman Brian , Yee Karen K. , Rawson Nancy E. , Cowart Beverly J. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundBesides sensorineural factors, conductive impediments likely contribute to olfactory losses in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, yet no conclusive evidence exists. We aimed to examine possible conductive factors using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models.MethodsA total of 29 CRS patients were assessed via odorant detection thresholds (ODTs), rhinomanometry (nasal resistance [NR]), acoustic rhinometry (minimum‐cross‐sectional area [MCA]) and computed tomography (CT) staging. CFD simulations of nasal airflow and odorant absorption to olfactory region were carried out based on individual CTs. Biopsies of olfactory epithelium (OE) were collected, cryosectioned, stained, and scored for erosion.ResultsSignificant correlations to ODTs were found for 3 variables: odor absorption in the olfactory region (r = −0.60, p < 0.01), MCA (r = −0.40, p < 0.05), and CT staging (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). However, significant findings were limited to ODTs of the highly soluble l‐carvone. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these variables combined, with the addition of NR, can account for 65% of the total variance in ODTs. CT staging correlated significantly with OE erosion (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and can replace the latter in the regression with comparable outcomes. Partial correlations suggest the contributions of both conductive and sensorineural variables are more prominent if adjusted for the effects of the other. Olfactory loss and inflammatory factors have strong bilateral involvement, whereas conductive factors are independent between sides. As validation, CFD‐simulated NRs significantly correlated with rhinomanometrically assessed NRs (r = 0.60, p < 0.01).ConclusionBoth conductive and sensorineural mechanisms can contribute to olfactory losses in CRS. CFD modeling provides critical guidance in understanding the role of conductive impediments in olfactory dysfunction in CRS.
The safety and efficacy of short‐term budesonide delivered via mucosal atomization device for chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis
Authors: Thamboo Andrew , Manji Jamil , Szeitz András , Santos Rachelle Dar , Hathorn Iain , Gan Eng Cern , Alsaleh Saad , Javer Amin R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundBudesonide is a potent corticosteroid commonly prescribed for management of inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The standard for prescribing budesonide is via impregnated nasal saline irrigation (INSI), although recently the mucosal atomization device (MAD) has emerged as a theoretically superior method of distributing medication into the sinuses. The MAD atomizes medication into small droplets and this is thought to enhance absorption and improve bioavailability. However, no studies have shown whether enhanced absorption and improved bioavailability of budesonide via MAD causes adrenal suppression. The objective of this study is to determine whether budesonide via MAD affects the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis.MethodsTwenty CRS patients were recruited from a tertiary rhinology clinic and randomized to take budesonide (1 mg) via MAD or via INSI twice a day for 60 days. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and 22‐item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) questionnaire were administered on days 1, 30, and 60 of the study. Plasma budesonide and cortisol levels were simultaneously quantified using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique.ResultsThere was no indication of adrenal suppression in either group (n = 20) based on ACTH stimulation test results nor was there significant plasma budesonide levels detected in either group. Quality of life, as indicated by SNOT‐22, did not differ between groups at 60 days (p = 0.404; 95% confidence interval [CI], −37.2 to 15.9), but SNOT‐22 scores for patients using MAD did show statistically significant improvement at 60 days compared to baseline (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe MAD is likely a safe and effective method of delivering budesonide to the sinuses in the short term.
Markers of disease severity and socioeconomic factors in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Miller Justin D. , Deal Allison M. , McKinney Kibwei A. , McClurg Stanley W. , Rodriguez Kenneth D. , Thorp Brian D. , Senior Brent A. , Zanation Adam M. , Ebert Charles S. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAllergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a refractory subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis. There is a paucity of data investigating the association of epidemiologic markers of disease severity. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate components of disease severity with socioeconomic status and health care access.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with AFRS by Bent and Kuhn criteria from 2000 to 2013. Severity of disease was measured by orbitocranial involvement, bone erosion, Lund‐Mackay score, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and mold hypersensitivity. The North Carolina State Data Center provided county‐specific socioeconomic and demographic data. Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson correlations, and multivariable linear regression models were used to explore associations between variables.ResultsOf 93 patients, 58% were African American and 39% Caucasian with a male:female ratio of 1.4:1 and average age at presentation of 29 years. Race, age, insurance status, and gender were not associated with severity of disease. Bone erosion was correlated with residence in counties with lower income per capita (p = 0.01). Patients with orbitocranial involvement resided in more rural counties (p = 0.01) with less primary care providers per capita (p = 0.02). Residence in counties with older or poorer quality housing was associated with a higher prevalence of bone erosion (p = 0.02).ConclusionWithin our cohort of patients residing in North Carolina, markers of disease severity (bone erosion and orbitocranial involvement) in AFRS were associated with lower income, rural counties, poor housing quality, and less health care access.
Biosynthesis of Streptolidine Involved Two Unexpected Intermediates Produced by a Dihydroxylase and a Cyclase through Unusual Mechanisms
Authors: Chang Chin‐Yuan , Lyu Syue‐Yi , Liu Yu‐Chen , Hsu Ning‐Shian , Wu Chih‐Chung , Tang Cheng‐Fong , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Ho Jin‐Yuan , Wu Chang‐Jer , Tsai Ming‐Daw , Li Tsung‐Lin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStreptothricin‐F (STT‐F), one of the early‐discovered antibiotics, consists of three components, a β‐lysine homopolymer, an aminosugar D‐gulosamine, and an unusual bicyclic streptolidine. The biosynthesis of streptolidine is a long‐lasting but unresolved puzzle. Herein, a combination of genetic/biochemical/structural approaches was used to unravel this problem. The STT gene cluster was first sequenced from a Streptomyces variant BCRC 12163, wherein two gene products OrfP and OrfR were characterized in vitro to be a dihydroxylase and a cyclase, respectively. Thirteen high‐resolution crystal structures for both enzymes in different reaction intermediate states were snapshotted to help elucidate their catalytic mechanisms. OrfP catalyzes an FeII‐dependent double hydroxylation reaction converting L‐Arg into (3R,4R)‐(OH)2‐L‐Arg via (3S)‐OH‐L‐Arg, while OrfR catalyzes an unusual PLP‐dependent elimination/addition reaction cyclizing (3R,4R)‐(OH)2‐L‐Arg to the six‐membered (4R)‐OH‐capreomycidine. The biosynthetic mystery finally comes to light as the latter product was incorporation into STT‐F by a feeding experiment.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Iridium C,N and N,P Ligand Complexes: Characterization of Dihydride Intermediates with a Coordinated Alkene
Authors: Gruber Stefan , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPreviously elusive iridium dihydride alkene complexes have been identified and characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution. Reactivity studies demonstrated that these complexes are catalytically competent intermediates. Additional H2 is required to convert the catalyst‐bound alkene into the hydrogenation product, supporting an IrIII/IrV cycle via an [IrIII(H)2(alkene)(H2)(L)]+ intermediate, as originally proposed based on DFT calculations. NMR analyses indicate a reaction pathway proceeding through rapidly equilibrating isomeric dihydride alkene intermediates with a subsequent slow enantioselectivity‐determining step. As in the classical example of asymmetric hydrogenation with rhodium diphosphine catalysts, it is a minor, less stable intermediate that is converted into the major product enantiomer.
[ReF6]2−: A Robust Module for the Design of Molecule‐Based Magnetic Materials
Authors: Pedersen Kasper S. , Sigrist Marc , Sørensen Mikkel A. , Barra Anne‐Laure , Weyhermüller Thomas , Piligkos Stergios , Thuesen Christian Aa. , Vinum Morten G. , Mutka Hannu , Weihe Høgni , Clérac Rodolphe , Bendix Jesper 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA facile synthesis of the [ReF6]2− ion and its use as a building block to synthesize magnetic systems are reported. Using dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, INS and EPR spectroscopies, the magnetic properties of the isolated [ReF6]2− unit in (PPh4)2[ReF6]⋅2 H2O (1) have been fully studied including the slow relaxation of the magnetization observed below ca. 4 K. This slow dynamic is preserved for the one‐dimensional coordination polymer [Zn(viz)4(ReF6)]∞ (2, viz=1‐vinylimidazole), demonstrating the irrelevance of low symmetry for such magnetization dynamics in systems with easy‐plane‐type anisotropy. The ability of fluoride to mediate significant exchange interactions is exemplified by the isostructural [Ni(viz)4(ReF6)]∞ (3) analogue in which the ferromagnetic NiII–ReIV interaction (+10.8 cm−1) dwarfs the coupling present in related cyanide‐bridged systems. These results reveal [ReF6]2− to be an unique new module for the design of molecule‐based magnetic materials.
Helical Propensity in an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Accelerates Ligand Binding
Authors: Iešmantavičius Vytautas , Dogan Jakob , Jemth Per , Teilum Kaare , Kjaergaard Magnus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany intrinsically disordered proteins fold upon binding to other macromolecules. The secondary structure present in the well‐ordered complex is often formed transiently in the unbound state. The consequence of such transient structure for the binding process is, however, not clear. The activation domain of the activator for thyroid hormone and retinoid receptors (ACTR) is intrinsically disordered and folds upon binding to the nuclear coactivator binding domain (NCBD) of the CREB binding protein. A number of mutants was designed that selectively perturbs the amount of secondary structure in unbound ACTR without interfering with the intermolecular interactions between ACTR and NCBD. Using NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence‐monitored stopped‐flow kinetic measurements we show that the secondary structure content in helix 1 of ACTR indeed influences the binding kinetics. The results thus support the notion of preformed secondary structure as an important determinant for molecular recognition in intrinsically disordered proteins.
The Pauson–Khand Mechanism Revisited: Origin of CO in the Final Product
Authors: Lesage Denis , Milet Anne , Memboeuf Antony , Blu Jérôme , Greene Andrew E. , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Gimbert Yves 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe mechanism of the Pauson–Khand reaction has been studied by mass spectrometry and it has been found, through ion‐molecule reaction with 13CO, that the carbon monoxide incorporated into the product cyclopentenone is one that has been retained within the complex. Theoretical and kinetic calculations support this finding, which provides a complementary explanation for the effect of Pauson–Khand promoters.
Supramolecular Assemblies by Charge‐Transfer Interactions between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores
Authors: Das Anindita , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have collated various supramolecular designs that utilize organic donor–acceptor CT complexation to generate noncovalently co‐assembled structures including fibrillar gels, micelles, vesicles, nanotubes, foldamers, conformationally restricted macromolecules, and liquid crystalline phases. Possibly inspired by nature, chemists have extensively used hydrogen bonding as a tool for supramolecular assemblies of a diverse range of abiotic building blocks. As a structural motif, CT complexes can be compared to hydrogen‐bonded complexes in its directional nature and complementarities. Additional advantages of CT interactions include wider solvent tolerance and easy spectroscopic probing. Nevertheless the major limitation is their low association constant. This article shows different strategies have evolved over the years to overcome this drawback by reinforcing the CT interactions with auxiliary noncovalent forces without hampering the alternate stacking mode. Emerging reports on promising CT complexes in organic electronics are intimately related to various supramolecular designs that one can postulate based on donor–acceptor CT interactions.
Using an Organic Molecule with Low Triplet Energy as a Host in a Highly Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescent Device
Authors: Fan Cong , Zhu Liping , Liu Tengxiao , Jiang Bei , Ma Dongge , Qin Jingui , Yang Chuluo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTo achieve high efficiencies in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), the triplet energies (T1) of host materials are generally supposed to be higher than the blue phosphors. A small organic molecule with low singlet energy (S1) of 2.80 eV and triplet energy of 2.71 eV can be used as the host material for the blue phosphor, [bis(4,6‐difluorophenylpyridinato‐N,C2′)iridium(III)] tetrakis(1‐pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6; T1=2.73 eV). In both the photo‐ and electro‐excited processes, the energy transfer from the host material to FIr6 was found to be efficient. In a three organic‐layer device, the maximum current efficiency of 37 cd A−1 and power efficiency of 40 Lm W−1 were achieved for the FIr6‐based blue PhOLEDs.