bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a URI-Related Educational Intervention in Early Head Start on ED Visits
Authors: Stockwell Melissa S. , Catallozzi Marina , Larson Elaine , Rodriguez Carmen , Subramony Anupama , Andres Martinez Raquel , Martinez Emelin , Barrett Angela , Meyer Dodi 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to decrease pediatric emergency department (PED) visits and adverse care practices for upper respiratory infections (URI) among predominantly Latino Early Head Start (EHS) families.

METHODS:
Four EHS sites in New York City were randomized. Families at intervention sites received 3 1.5-hour education modules in their EHS parent-child group focusing on URIs, over-the-counter medications, and medication management. Standard curriculum families received the standard EHS curriculum, which did not include URI education. During weekly telephone calls for 5 months, families reported URI in family members, care sought, and medications given. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge-attitude surveys were also conducted. Outcomes were compared between groups.

RESULTS:
There were 154 families who participated (76 intervention, 78 standard curriculum) including 197 children &lt;4 years old. Families were primarily Latino and Spanish-speaking. Intervention families were significantly less likely to visit the PED when their young child (age 6 to &lt;48 months) was ill (8.2% vs 15.7%; P = .025). The difference remained significant on the family level (P = .03). These families were also less likely to use an inappropriate over-the-counter medication for their &lt;2-year-old child (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.95; 12.2% vs 32.4%, P = .034) and/or incorrect dosing tool for their &lt;4-year-old child (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.74; 9.8% vs 31.1%; P &lt; .01). The mean difference in Knowledge-Attitude scores for intervention families was higher.

CONCLUSIONS:
A URI health literacy-related educational intervention embedded into EHS decreased PED visits and adverse care practices.
Adolescent Carotenoid Intake and Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Boeke Caroline E. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Berkey Catherine S. , Colditz Graham A. , Eliassen A. Heather , Malspeis Susan , Willett Walter C. , Frazier A. Lindsay 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND:
Carotenoids may reduce risk of benign breast disease (BBD), an independent risk factor for breast cancer, through antioxidative or antiproliferative mechanisms. Exposure to carotenoids may be most important during adolescence when breast tissue is still developing. We examined adolescent carotenoid intake in relation to BBD in young women.

METHODS:
In 6593 adolescent girls in the prospective Growing Up Today Study cohort, intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were assessed by using the means from food-frequency questionnaires in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Girls reported biopsy-confirmed BBD on questionnaires in 2005, 2007, and 2010 (n = 122). We conducted logistic regression of energy-adjusted carotenoid intakes in relation to BBD, adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer or BBD, age at menarche, nulliparity, alcohol intake, BMI, and physical activity.

RESULTS:
Mean (SD) age at baseline was 12.0 (1.6) years. β-Carotene intake was inversely associated with BBD; comparing the highest to lowest quartile, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.34–1.00; P-trend = .03). α-Carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin were also inversely associated with BBD, but the associations were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescent carotenoid intake may be associated with lower BBD risk; these findings warrant further study.
Improving Adherence to PALS Septic Shock Guidelines
Authors: Paul Raina , Melendez Elliot , Stack Anne , Capraro Andrew , Monuteaux Michael , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Few studies have demonstrated improvement in adherence to Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock. We sought to improve adherence to national guidelines for children with septic shock in a pediatric emergency department with poor guideline adherence.

METHODS:
Prospective cohort study of children presenting to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department with septic shock. Quality improvement (QI) interventions, including repeated plan-do-study-act cycles, were used to improve adherence to a 5-component sepsis bundle, including timely (1) recognition of septic shock, (2) vascular access, (3) administration of intravenous (IV) fluid, (4) antibiotics, and (5) vasoactive agents. The intervention focused on IV fluid delivery as a key driver impacting bundle adherence, and adherence was measured using statistical process control methodology.

RESULTS:
Two-hundred forty-two patients were included: 126 subjects before the intervention (November 2009 to March 2011), and 116 patients during the QI intervention (October 2011 to May 2013). We achieved 100% adherence for all metrics, including (1) administration of 60 mL/kg IV fluid within 60 minutes (increased from baseline adherence rate of 37%), (2) administration of vasoactive agents within 60 minutes (baseline rate of 35%), and (3) 5-component bundle adherence (baseline rate of 19%). Improvement was sustained over 9 months. The number of septic shock cases between each death from this condition increased after implementation of the QI intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using QI methodology, we have demonstrated improved adherence to national guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock.
Magneto-dielectric anomaly in (Bi0.95Nd0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 electroceramic
Authors: Kumari Shalini , Ortega Nora , Kumar Ashok , Katiyar Ram S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe report magneto-dielectric anomaly of the multiferroic (Bi0.95Nd0.05)(Fe0.97Mn0.03)O3 (BNFM) ceramic near Néel temperature. The ceramic pellets were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that most of the peaks shifted slightly towards higher Bragg’s angle compared to those of pure BiFeO3 and also confirmed the formation of rhombohedral phase. It also suggests that the small chemical substitution of Nd and Mn atoms at Bi and Fe sites of BiFeO3 (BFO) perovskite respectively does not alter the crystal structure. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric response indicate large dielectric anomaly at 620 K, slightly below the known Néel temperature of BFO. The enhancement in dielectric properties of BNFM ceramic was observed as compared to BFO due to suppression of oxygen vacancies by the doping. Temperature dependent dielectric response in conjunction with Raman and thermo-analytical data show that the BNFM sample presents significant magneto-dielectric response around Néel temperture TN ∼ 620 K.
Theory of Ferroelectric Phase Transitions in Pure and Mixed Perovskites.
Authors: Yacoby Yizhak , Girshberg Yakov 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a comprehensive model of ferroelectricity in oxygen perovskite crystals that account quantitatively for both displacive like and order-disorder like properties. The model assumes that in the paraelectric phase, the system has a soft mode, interacting with spontaneous disordered off-center displacements. The resulting theory is shown to quantitatively explain the properties of two representative perovskites: KNbO3 and PbTiO3. We have further extended this theory to explain the properties of mixed incipient ferroelectrics with small concentrations of ferroelectricity inducing ions such as KTa1-xNbxO3. The model quantitatively reproduces the basic experimental data in the quantum regime: the temperature dependence of the inverse dielectric function, the impurity and temperature dependence of the renormalized soft mode vibrational frequency and the impurity concentration dependence of the transition temperature Tc. In particular we show that, the critical concentration for Tc=0 is determined by the ion tunneling frequency, the bare soft mode parameters and the pseudospin - phonon coupling constant.
Inkjetted Organic Transistors using a Novel Pentacene Precursor
Authors: Volkman Steven K. , Molesa Steven , Mattis Brian , Chang Paul C. , Subramanian Vivek 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPentacene is one of the most promising organic materials for organic transistor fabrication, since it offers higher mobility, better on-off ratio, improved environmental stability, and better reliability than most other organic semiconductors. However, its severe insolubility renders it useless for the solution-based fabrication of electronic devices. Solution-based processing is the key to enabling ultra-low-cost circuit fabrication, since it eliminates the need for lithography, subtractive processing, and vacuum-based film deposition. Using a recently developed soluble pentacene precursor, we demonstrate the first inkjet-printed pentacene transistor fabricated to date. This is achieved using a substrate-gated transistor structure in conjunction with an inkjetprinted pentacene precursor active layer. After deposition, the precursor is converted to pentacene via heating, through the decomposition of the Diels-Alder product. As the anneal temperature increases above 120°C, performance increases dramatically. The process is therefore compatible with numerous low-temperature plastics. As the anneal time is increased to several minutes, performance likewise increases through increased precursor decomposition. However, exposure to excess temperatures or times tends to degrade performance. This is caused by morphological and chemical changes in the pentacene film. Optimization of the anneal process alone has resulted in the demonstration of transistors with an on-off ratio of >105and field-effect mobility of >0.01cm2/V-s, attesting to the great promise of this material.
A Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Assay Detects a High Frequency of Therapeutically Targetable Alterations in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancers: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Vasan Neil , Yelensky Roman , Wang Kai , Moulder Stacy , Dzimitrowicz Hannah , Avritscher Rony , Wang Baliang , Wu Yun , Cronin Maureen T. , Palmer Gary , Symmans W. Fraser , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background.
The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of potentially actionable genomic alterations in breast cancer that could be targeted with approved agents or investigational drugs in clinical trials using a next-generation sequencing-based genomic profiling assay performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified and College of American Pathologists-accredited commercial laboratory.

Methods.
Fifty-one breast cancers were analyzed, including primary tumor biopsies of 33 stage I–II and 18 stage IV cancers (13 soft tissue, 3 liver, and 2 bone metastases). We assessed 3,230 exons in 182 cancer-related genes and 37 introns in 14 genes often rearranged in cancer for base substitutions, indels, copy number alterations, and gene fusions. The average median sequencing depth was 1,154×.

Results.
We observed 158 genomic alterations in 55 genes in 48 of 51 (94%) tumors (mean 3.1, range 0–9). The average number of potentially therapeutically relevant alterations was similar in primary (1.6, range 0–4) and in heavily pretreated metastatic cancers (2.0, range 0–4) (p = .24). The most common actionable alterations were in PIK3CA (n = 9, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]/mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] inhibitors), NF1 (n = 7, PI3K/mTOR/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1-3 (n = 7, PI3K/mTOR/AKT inhibitors), BRCA1/2 (n = 6, poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase inhibitors), and CCND1,2 and CCNE (n = 8)/cycline dependent kinase (CDK)6 (n = 1) (CDK4/6 inhibitors), KIT (n = 1, imatinib/sunitinib), ALK (n = 1, crizotinib), FGFR1,2 (n = 5, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors), and EGFR (n = 2, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors). Our sequencing assay also correctly identified all six cases with HER2 (ERBB2) amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization when tumor content was adequate. In addition, two known activating HER2 mutations were identified, both in unamplified cases.

Conclusion.
Overall, 84% of cancers harbored at least one genomic alteration linked to potential treatment options. Systematic evaluation of the predictive value of these genomic alterations is critically important for further progress in this field.
Prospective Multicenter Study of the Impact of Oncotype DX Colon Cancer Assay Results on Treatment Recommendations in Stage II Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Srivastava Geetika , Renfro Lindsay A. , Behrens Robert J. , Lopatin Margarita , Chao Calvin , Soori Gamini S. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Mowat Rex B. , Kuebler J. Philip , Kim George , Mazurczak Miroslaw , Lee Mark , Alberts Steven R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Purpose.
The Oncotype DX colon cancer assay is a clinically validated predictor of recurrence risk in stage II colon cancer patients. This prospective study evaluated the impact of recurrence score (RS) results on physician recommendations regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in T3, mismatch repair-proficient (MMR-P) stage II colon cancer patients.

Patients and Methods.
Stage IIA colon cancer patients were enrolled in 17 centers. Patient tumor specimens were assessed by the RS test (quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and mismatch repair (immunohistochemistry). For each patient, the physician's recommended postoperative treatment plan of observation, fluoropyrimidine monotherapy, or combination therapy with oxaliplatin was recorded before and after the RS and mismatch repair results were provided.

Results.
Of 221 enrolled patients, 141 patients had T3 MMR-P tumors and were eligible for the primary analysis. Treatment recommendations changed for 63 (45%; 95% confidence interval: 36%–53%) of these 141 T3 MMR-P patients, with intensity decreasing for 47 (33%) and increasing for 16 (11%). Recommendations for chemotherapy decreased from 73 patients (52%) to 42 (30%), following review of RS results by physician and patient. Increased treatment intensity was more often observed at higher RS values, and decreased intensity was observed at lower values (p = .011).

Conclusion.
Compared with traditional clinicopathological assessment, incorporation of the RS result into clinical decision making was associated with treatment recommendation changes for 45% of T3 MMR-P stage II colon cancer patients in this prospective multicenter study. Use of the RS assay may lead to overall reduction in adjuvant chemotherapy use in this subgroup of stage II colon cancer patients.
Transport of 3-bromopyruvate across the human erythrocyte membrane
Authors: Sadowska-Bartosz Izabela , Soszyński Mirosław , Ułaszewski Stanisław , Ko Young , Bartosz Grzegorz 
Published: April 2014

Abstract3-Bromopyruvic acid (3-BP) is a promising anticancer compound because it is a strong inhibitor of glycolytic enzymes, especially glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The Warburg effect means that malignant cells are much more dependent on glycolysis than normal cells. Potential complications of anticancer therapy with 3-BP are side effects due to its interaction with normal cells, especially erythrocytes. Transport into cells is critical for 3-BP to have intracellular effects. The aim of our study was the kinetic characterization of 3-BP transport into human erythrocytes. 3-BP uptake by erythrocytes was linear within the first 3 min and pH-dependent. The transport rate decreased with increasing pH in the range of 6.0–8.0. The Km and Vm values for 3-BP transport were 0.89 mM and 0.94 mmol/(l cells x min), respectively. The transport was inhibited competitively by pyruvate and significantly inhibited by DIDS, SITS, and 1-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid. Flavonoids also inhibited 3-BP transport: the most potent inhibition was found for luteolin and quercetin.
Surface modification of nano-TiN by using silane coupling agent
Authors: Cheng Guojun , Luo Jiaqi , Qian Jiasheng , Miao Jibin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-particles were subjected to graft modification by silane coupling agent (KH-570) via a direct blending method. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiN nano-particles can interact with silanol groups [-Si-OCH3] of KH-570 forming an organic coating layer. The covalent bonds (Ti-O-Si) formation was testified by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through transmission electron micrograph (TEM) observations, it was found that KH-570 could improve the dispersibility of nano-TiN particles in ethyl acetate. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle measurements indicated that KH-570 molecules were adsorbed or anchored on the surface of nano-TiN particle and the net efficiency of it was 22.76 %, which facilitated to hinder the aggregation of nano-TiN particles.
Patent Urachus with Bladder Prolapse
Authors: Thapa B , Pun MS 
Published: April 2014

We report a case of bladder prolapse through a patent urachus in a term male neonate with a large, red, tubular, mucosa lined mass inferior to the umbilical cord. A cystic mass communicating with fetal urinary bladder was detected in an antenatal ultrasound in a 26 years primigravida at 18 and 26 weeks gestation. The cyst disappeared at 35 weeks and a new solid mass was noted at the fetal abdominal wall. After birth a protruded mucosal mass inferior to the umbilical cord was noted. Urethral catherisation confirmed communication with bladder. On the second day of life excision of urachus, repair, reduction of bladder and reconstruction of abdominal wall was performed. The patient voided well and was discharged on ninth day without any complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.7877 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):68-70
Neonatal Empyema Thoracis
Authors: Mazumdar J , Sen S 
Published: April 2014

Empyema thoracis, is a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates. Only a few cases of neonatal empyema thoracis are described in medical literature. Empyema thoracis is not a well known entity in the neonates. It is fulminant with rapid progression with a high mortality. Compounding the problem is its uncertain etiopathogenesis and lack of definite treatment guidelines. We shall describe one case of neonatal empyema in a newborn aged five days caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The neonate died subsequently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8233 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):65-67
Thinness as Major Underlying Problem Among Adolescents of Northeast India
Authors: Mondal N 
Published: April 2014

Background: Undernutrition is a major public health concern in many of the developing countries of Asia. Due to immense population size, socioeconomic disparities, illiteracy and inadequate access to health facilities prevalence is very high in India. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of age-sex specific thinness (low BMI-for-age) among adolescents residing in rural regions in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has conducted among 1165 adolescent (602 boys; 563 girls) aged 10-18 years of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements were height and weight obtained and BMI (weight/height2, kg/ m2) was calculated. The prevalence of thinness was assessed using newly proposed age-sex specific cut-offs of Cole et al. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA and Least Mean and Square (L,M and S) model approach. Results: Prevalence of overall thinness is 49.10% (51.16% boys, 46.89% girls) among rural adolescents. The boys are found to be more sufferer than girls in the different thinness grades include mild (grade I; 27.41% vs. 27.11%), moderate (grade II; 14.62% vs. 12.08%) and severe (grade III; 9.14% vs. 8.70%) (p>0.05). The age and sex specific smooth percentile curves of BMI were derived using L,M and S model approach for further evaluation of nutritional status. Conclusion: The existence of high prevalence of thinness among adolescents indicates nutritional deprivation among rural Indian adolescents. There is an urgent need of appropriate nutritional intervention program to address the public health problem related to undernutrition especially among nutritionally vulnerable segments of adolescents residing in rural regions to ameliorate the nutritional status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8922 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):39-47
Randomized Control Trial of Kangaroo Mother Care in Low Birth Weight Babies at a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Acharya N , Singh RR , Bhatta NK , Poudel P 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and conventional methods of care on weight gain, occurrence of hypothermia and apnea and duration of hospital stay among Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. Materials and Methods: It was a randomized control trial conducted at a tertiary level hospital for a period of one year from June 2009 to May 2010. Total 126 stable LBW babies weighing less than 2000 gm and fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. Neonates enrolled for the study were allocated to either KMC or control group using random number table. KMC group was subjected to Kangaroo mother care of at least six hours per day in not more than four sittings. In control group, babies were adequately clothed, covered and kept with their mother and if required were kept under radiant warmer. Recording of temperature in KMC group was done before, during and after KMC. In control group temperature was taken every 4 hours. Weighing of baby was done twice daily on electronic weighing scale. Results: Median daily weight gain (IQR) was 10 (6- 20) gm in KMC group as compared to 7 (0-10) gm in control group (p<0.001). Mean weight gain was 12.11±9.04 gm in KMC group as compared to 3.29±15.81 gm in control group (p<0.001). Incidence of hypothermia was more in control group (12.6%) as compared to KMC group (3.1%) (p=0.048). Duration of hospital stay was less in control group as compared to KMC group (p=0.015). Conclusion: LBW babies less than 2000 gm who receive KMC show better weight gain and have less incidence of hypothermia than those who do not receive KMC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8960 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):18-23
Chondrodysplasia Punctata
Authors: Narang GS , Arora S , Khurana MS , Singh T , Shifali Dr 
Published: April 2014

We report a case of two and a half months old male child affected by chondrodysplasia punctata, a rare condition characterized by depressed nasal bridge, hypoplastic distal phalanges and epiphyseal stippling of the bones. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9110 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):57-61