bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do global models predicting environmental suitability for the amphibian fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, have local value to conservation managers?
Authors: Riley Karen , Berry Oliver F. , Roberts J. Dale 
Published: April 2013

Summary

The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a major cause of frog declines globally.

Two recent Maxent models predict high environmental suitability for B. dendrobatidis in south‐western Australia despite severe summer drought and many frog species with direct development or breeding in ephemeral water bodies: features often associated with absence of B. dendrobatidis.

We determined B. dendrobatidis occurrence and intensity of infection, in 15 populations of Crinia georgiana, a frog that breeds in ephemeral ponds, to assess (i) current validity of claims about environmental suitability, (ii) risk of decline against recent suggestions of 100% prevalence and chytrid loads of > 10 000 zoospore equivalents per frog as predictors of imminent decline and (iii) assess apparent change in prevalence over 20 years.

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis occurred on 40–100% of frogs at all sites and in water samples at 11 sites but infection levels were generally well below 10 000 zoospore equivalents per frog. Based on immediate and 5‐year climate averages, higher rainfall, more rain days and temperatures > 3 °C but < 30 °C were positively correlated with infection levels – consistent with the known physiology and growth patterns of B. dendrobatidis. Overall infection levels have changed little from 1992 to 2008.

Synthesis and applications. Predicted and realized high environmental suitability for B. dendrobatidis is not correlated with frog decline in south‐western Australia. Innate or acquired immunity, chytrid strain type and limited opportunities for chytrid growth may all explain absence of chytrid impacts. Occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is not a current critical management issue for conservation managers in south‐western Australia despite a known presence since 1985. Models predicting high environmental suitability for chytrid in Mediterranean climate zones should be interpreted cautiously in the absence of documentation of current, rather than historic, chytrid loads and a clear evaluation of any occurrence of chytrid on frog survival.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a putative proline dehydrogenase gene in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Wan Pin‐Jun , Lü Dong , Guo Wen‐Chao , Ahmat Tursun , Yang Lu , Mu Li‐Li , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLeptinotarsa decemlineata adults exhibit a season‐dependent activity. In spring, post‐diapause beetles often fly a long distance from overwintering sites to potato fields. In summer and autumn, the flight ability is sharply reduced. Proline is the main energy substrate of L. decemlineata during flight and proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) catalyzes the first step in proline catabolism. Here we identified a putative LdProDH gene; it had three cDNA isoforms which shared the same 5′UTR and coding region, but differed in the lengths of 3′UTRs (515, 1 092 and 1 242 bp for isoforms‐1, ‐2 and ‐3, respectively). LdProDH encoded a 616 amino acid protein that showed high sequence similarity to ProDH‐like proteins from other insect species. LdProDH was expressed in the third and fourth instars larvae and adults, but not in pupae. Dietary ingestion of bacterially expressed LdProDH‐dsRNA by adults significantly decreased its messenger RNA (mRNA) level, and caused an elevation of free proline content in the hemolymph. Further observation revealed that three canonical polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) were tandemly located in the 3′UTR of isoform‐3. The first, second and third polyadenylation sites gave rise to isoforms‐1, ‐2 and ‐3, respectively. Analysis of the genomic DNA uncovered that the three isoforms resulted from alternative polyadenylation. The mRNA level of isoform‐1, which expressed at low levels in pre‐diapause adults, became abundant in post‐diapause beetles. It is indicated that the LdProDH expression is fine‐tuned through 3′UTR to control proline catabolism for the season‐dependent activity of L. decemlineata adults.
Shared risk: who engages in substance use with American homeless youth?
Authors: Green Harold D. , de la Haye Kayla , Tucker Joan S. , Golinelli Daniela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo identify characteristics of social network members with whom homeless youth engage in drinking and drug use.DesignA multi‐stage probability sample of homeless youth completed a social network survey.SettingForty‐one shelters, drop‐in centers and known street hangouts in Los Angeles County.ParticipantsA total of 419 homeless youth, aged 13–24 years (mean age = 20.09, standard deviation = 2.80).MeasurementsRespondents described 20 individuals in their networks, including their substance use and demographics, and the characteristics of the relationships they shared, including with whom they drank and used drugs. Dyadic, multi‐level regressions identified predictors of shared substance use.FindingsShared drinking was more likely to occur with recent sex partners [odds ratio (OR) = 2.64, confidence interval (CI): 1.67, 4.18], drug users (OR = 4.57, CI: 3.21, 6.49), sexual risk takers (OR = 1.71, CI: 1.25, 2.33), opinion leaders (OR = 1.69, CI: 1.42, 2.00), support providers (OR = 1.41, CI: 1.03, 1.93) and popular people (those with high degree scores in the network) (OR = 1.07, CI: 1.01, 1.14). Shared drug use was more likely to occur with recent sex partners (OR = 2.44, CI: 1.57, 3.80), drinkers (OR = 4.53, CI: 3.05, 6.74), sexual risk takers (OR = 1.51, CI: 1.06, 2.17), opinion leaders (OR = 1.24, CI: 1.03, 1.50), support providers (OR = 1.83, CI: 1.29, 2.60) and popular people (OR = 1.16, CI: 1.08, 1.24).ConclusionsHomeless youth in the United States are more likely to drink or use drugs with those who engage in multiple risk behaviors and who occupy influential social roles (popular, opinion leaders, support providers, sex partners). Understanding these social networks may be helpful in designing interventions to combat substance misuse.
Oesophageal bacterial biofilm changes in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's and oesophageal carcinoma: association or causality?
Authors: Blackett K. L. , Siddhi S. S. , Cleary S. , Steed H. , Miller M. H. , Macfarlane S. , Macfarlane G. T. , Dillon J. F. 
Published: April 2013

SummarySummaryBarrett's oesophagus (BO) and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are precursors of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). There is an oesophageal biofilm, which changes in disease, but its role in aetiopathogenesis remains unclear.AimTo define the oesophageal microbiota of patients with GERD, BO and OAC compared with controls and to investigate mucosal responses related to the microbiota.MethodsCultural analysis identified the dominant bacterial species from a subset of each disease group. Based on this, molecular techniques were used to define the cohort. Host responses were analysed in tissues and co‐culture experiments.ResultsA total of 111 species belonging to 26 genera were isolated. There was a significant decrease in bacterial counts in the GERD and BO groups for all genera except Campylobacter, which colonised GERD and Barrett's patients in increasing numbers. Campylobacter concisus was the dominant species. This relationship was not seen in the cancer group. Significant increases in IL‐18 were seen in GERD and BO colonised by Campylobacter.ConclusionsThis study defines differences in the oesophageal biofilm in disease states, revealing the emergence of C. concisus as the dominant new colonist in the refluxed oesophagus. We also associate the presence of these bacteria with increased expression of cytokines related to carcinogenesis.
Efficacy of nasopancreatic stenting prior to laparoscopic enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Misawa Takeyuki , Imazu Hiroo , Fujiwara Yuki , Kitamura Hiroaki , Tsutsui Nobuhiro , Ito Ryusuke , Shiba Hiroaki , Futagawa Yasuro , Wakiyama Shigeki , Ishida Yuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report a patient who underwent laparoscopic enucleation for a nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. The patient was a 55‐year‐old man who had a 12‐ × 11‐mm tumor close to the main pancreatic duct (MPD) in the pancreatic body. To avoid and detect injury to the main pancreatic duct during operation, a nasopancreatic drainage stent (NPDS) was endoscopically placed prior to the operation. According to the NPDS, the relation between the tumor and MPD was easily identified by laparoscopic ultrasonography during enucleation, thus enabling the resecting line to be determined. Moreover, after enucleation, pancreatography through the NPDS was able to clarify the absence of injury to the MPD. The NPDS was removed postoperatively, and the patient was discharged uneventfully on postoperative day 8. Preoperative placement of the NPDS seems to be a useful option for performing safe laparoscopic enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, especially when the lesion is located close to the MPD.
Perforated gastrointestinal stromal tumor in Meckel's diverticulum treated laparoscopically
Authors: López‐Tomassetti Fernández Eudaldo M. , Hernández Hernández Juan Ramón , Nuñez Jorge Valentin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can represent a source of substantial gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bleeding is described as a frequent cause of clinical presentation and commonly patients received surgical treatment on an urgent basis to drain the hematoma. However, a literature review has shown that perforation with peritonitis is very uncommon and rarely reported. These tumors are usually located in the stomach, and primary ileal and Meckel's localization is rare, occurring in less than 10% of cases in many series. In the English literature, we have found seven well‐reported cases of GIST in a Meckel's diverticulum that presented with perforation and peritonitis; these case were found through a MEDLINE search of the terms: “perforated” GISTs in “Meckel's” GISTs. Herein, we describe a rare case of a perforated GIST in Meckel's diverticulum that caused severe peritonitis and that was treated with minimally invasive surgery.
Absence of both MDR1 (ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) Transporters Significantly Alters Rivaroxaban Disposition and Central Nervous System Entry
Authors: Gong Inna Y. , Mansell Sara E. , Kim Richard B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRivaroxaban is a novel factor 10a inhibitor, where hepatic metabolism and renal clearance account for its overall disposition. Renal impairment is known to increase rivaroxaban‐associated bleeding risk in patients. As renal rivaroxaban clearance exceeds glomerular filtration rate, we suggested that active secretion by efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) contributes to rivaroxaban clearance. The ability of MDR1 and BCRP efflux transporters to mediate rivaroxaban transport in vitro was assessed in polarized cell monolayers. A significantly greater vectorial transport of rivaroxaban was observed in the basal to apical direction in Caco‐2 cells, which was attenuated in the presence of the selective inhibitors. After oral administration of rivaroxaban (2 mg/kg), plasma concentrations did not significantly differ between wild‐type and Mdr1adef or Bcrp−/− mice (n = 6 per group). However, rivaroxaban clearance was significantly reduced in Mdr1a/Mdr1b−/−/Bcrp−/− mice. Interestingly, rivaroxaban brain‐to‐plasma ratio did not differ in mice lacking only Mdr1a or Bcrp, but more than two times higher in the Mdr1a/Mdr1b−/−/Bcrp−/− mice. Rivaroxaban is a shared substrate of MDR1 and BCRP. In vivo, MDR and BCRP function synergistically to modulate rivaroxaban disposition and appear to be particularly relevant to limiting its central nervous system entry. These data have important implications for safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban as many drugs in clinical use are known MDR1 inhibitors and loss‐of‐function polymorphisms in BCRP are common.
Comparison of the Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading and IOL Master keratometry measurement in intraocular lens power calculations
Authors: Karunaratne Nicholas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the accuracy of the Pentacam Holladay equivalent keratometry readings with the IOL Master 500 keratometry in calculating intraocular lens power.DesignNon‐randomized, prospective clinical study conducted in private practice.ParticipantsForty‐five consecutive normal patients undergoing cataract surgery.MethodsForty‐five consecutive patients had Pentacam equivalent keratometry readings at the 2‐, 3 and 4.5‐mm corneal zone and IOL Master keratometry measurements prior to cataract surgery. For each Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading zone and IOL Master measurement the difference between the observed and expected refractive error was calculated using the Holladay 2 and Sanders, Retzlaff and Kraff theoretic (SRKT) formulas.Main Outcome MeasureMean keratometric value and mean absolute refractive error.ResultsThere was a statistically significantly difference between the mean keratometric values of the IOL Master, Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading 2‐, 3‐ and 4.5‐mm measurements (P < 0.0001, analysis of variance). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean absolute refraction error for the IOL Master and equivalent keratometry readings 2 mm, 3 mm and 4.5 mm zones for either the Holladay 2 formula (P = 0.14) or SRKT formula (P = 0.47). The lowest mean absolute refraction error for Holladay 2 equivalent keratometry reading was the 4.5 mm zone (mean 0.25 D ± 0.17 D). The lowest mean absolute refraction error for SRKT equivalent keratometry reading was the 4.5 mm zone (mean 0.25 D ± 0.19 D). Comparing the absolute refraction error of IOL Master and Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading, best agreement was with Holladay 2 and equivalent keratometry reading 4.5 mm, with mean of the difference of 0.02 D and 95% limits of agreement of −0.35 and 0.39 D.ConclusionsThe IOL Master keratometry and Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading were not equivalent when used only for corneal power measurements. However, the keratometry measurements of the IOL Master and Pentacam equivalent keratometry reading 4.5 mm may be similarly effective when used in intraocular lens power calculation formulas, following constant optimization.
Retinal nerve fibre layer imaging: comparison of Cirrus optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomograph 3
Authors: Kratz Assaf , Lim Ridia , Rush Ryan , Sheth Saumil , Goldberg Ivan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope.DesignProspective, cross‐sectional study. Hospital setting.ParticipantsOne hundred seventy‐three subjects (85 glaucoma and 88 normal subjects).MethodsOne eye from each individual was selected randomly for imaging by the spectral domain Cirrus optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retinal tomograph 3.Main Outcome MeasuresGlobal thickness and measurements at the four quadrants around the optic disc.ResultsMeasurements as determined by Heidelberg retinal tomograph 3 were significantly larger than measurements done by Cirrus optical coherence tomography (respectively in mm, for global thickness: 200.0 ± 87.2 and 80.7 ± 14.7; for temporal quadrant: 75.3 ± 31.9 and 59.1 ± 13.8; for superior quadrant: 223.2 ± 128.4 and 97.7 ± 20.9; for nasal quadrant: 208.0 ± 102.9 and 66.8 ± 11.8; and for inferior quadrant: 224.4 ± 116.9 and 99.1 ± 26.6, for all P < 0.01). Significant correlation was found for all measurements (P ≤ 0.009), but a pattern of proportional bias was demonstrated. The agreement of categorical classification (within normal limits, borderline or outside normal limits) ranged between poor and fair.ConclusionsThe thickness easurements by the two technologies are strongly correlated but significantly different. The differences are substantial and proportional to the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. The normative diagnostic classification of the two technologies may not agree. The results preclude interchangeable use of these measurements in clinical practice.
Pro‐osteogenic topographical cues promote early activation of osteoprogenitor differentiation via enhanced TGFβ, Wnt, and Notch signaling
Authors: Chakravorty Nishant , Hamlet Stephen , Jaiprakash Anjali , Crawford Ross , Oloyede Adekunle , Alfarsi Mohammed , Xiao Yin , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTitanium implant surfaces with modified topographies have improved osteogenic properties in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. This study explored the signaling pathways responsible for the pro‐osteogenic properties of micro‐roughened (SLA) and chemically/nanostructurally (modSLA) modified titanium surfaces on human alveolar bone‐derived osteoprogenitor cells (BCs) in vitro.Materials and methodsThe activation of stem cell signaling pathways (TGFβ/BMP, Wnt, FGF, Hedgehog, Notch) was investigated following early exposure (24 and 72 h) of BCs to SLA and modSLA surfaces in the absence of osteogenic cell culture supplements.ResultsKey regulatory genes from the TGFβ/BMP (TGFBR2, BMPR2, BMPR1B, ACVR1B, SMAD1, SMAD5), Wnt (Wnt/β‐catenin and Wnt/Ca2+) (FZD1, FZD3, FZD5, LRP5, NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC4, PYGO2, LEF1) and Notch (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH4, PSEN1, PSEN2, PSENEN) pathways were upregulated on the modified surfaces. These findings correlated with a higher expression of osteogenic markers bone sialoprotein (IBSP) and osteocalcin (BGLAP), and bone differentiation factors BMP2, BMP6, and GDF15, as observed on the modified surfaces.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the activation of the pro‐osteogenic cell signaling pathways by modSLA and SLA surfaces leads to enhanced osteogenic differentiation as evidenced after 7 and 14 days culture in osteogenic media and provides a mechanistic insight into the superior osseointegration on the modified surfaces observed in vivo.
One thousand cases of severe occupational contact dermatitis
Authors: Schwensen Jakob Ferløv , Friis Ulrik Fischer , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: April 2013

Background.Occupational contact dermatitis is frequent, and further understanding of the epidemiology will improve the basis of its prevention.Objectives.To identify occupations at risk for severe occupational contact dermatitis.Methods.The last 1000 cases of severe occupational contact dermatitis seen at our department were identified.Results.The study population comprised 618 females and 382 males. The mean age at onset of irritant contact dermatitis was significantly lower than the mean age at onset of allergic contact dermatitis for both sexes, irrespective of the presence of atopic dermatitis. Females at high riskwere cooks, butchers, beauticians, bakers, and hairdressers, ranging from 23.3 to 96.8 cases per 10 000 workers per year. Males at high risk were painters, cooks, mechanics, locksmiths, and bakers, ranging from 16.5 to 32.3 cases per 10000 workers per year.Conclusions.Occupational contact dermatitis remains frequent, even if only severe cases are considered. It is a concern that no effective, systematic interventions and prevention schemes have been launched in Europe, despite documentation of a significant problem overmany years, and knowledge of risk occupations and risk factors. This study suggests new approaches for general and specific prevention of occupational contact dermatitis.
Surgical resection of retrorectal tumours in adults: long‐term results in 47 patients
Authors: Chéreau N. , Lefevre J. H. , Meurette G. , Mourra N. , Shields C. , Parc Y. , Tiret E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimRetrorectal tumours (RT) are uncommon, and diagnosis and management remain difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the surgical management ofRTin our institution.MethodMedical notes of all patients operated on forRTwere reviewed. Clinical, radiological, surgical, histological data as well as morbidity and long‐term results were noted.ResultsForty‐seven patients [34 women (72%), mean age 45.8 (range 17–85) years] underwent surgery forRTbetween 1997 and 2011. The commonest symptoms were pain (n = 31) and suppuration (n = 10). Thirty‐nine (83%) patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Malignant lesions exhibited typical characteristics onMRIincluding heterogeneity (n = 5, 83%), solid appearance (n = 4, 67%), a low‐T1 signal and high‐T2 intensity (n = 5, 83%), enhancement after gadolinium injection (n = 5, 83%), irregular margin (n = 4, 67%) and extension above S3 (i = 5, 83%). AKraske approach was used in 42 (89%) patients with resection of the coccyx in 25 (60%) and an abdominal or combined approach for the remaining five. Four patients developed complications (two haematoma, two abscess), but only one (haematoma) required reoperation. Histological examination showed 38 (80.9%) benign lesions. After a median follow‐up of 71 (2–168) months, 5‐year disease‐free survival was 75% for malignant lesions and 93.1% for benign lesions (P = 0.023). Four (4/42; 9.5%) patients had moderate perineal pain after aKraske approach, while no anal dysfunction was seen.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging was the most helpful investigation for retrorectal tumours. The posterior trans‐sacrococcygeal approach is the procedure of choice for complete resection for most, especially for benign and cystic lesions without extension aboveS2.
Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States
Authors: Shirey Patrick D. , Kunycky Brianna N. , Chaloner Dominic T. , Brueseke Michael A. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe commercial trade of propagated listed plants is a common but controversial ex situ conservation approach for rare plant species. We investigated the Internet trade of plants protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act to determine their availability for interstate (i.e., regulated) commerce. We identified 49 listed plant species that were available via the Internet, with less than 10% of vendors having obtained the required federal permit. The lack of permits among vendors suggests that sellers are unaware or ignore regulations. Illegal trade undermines both the permitting process and conservation efforts of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to ensure that commercial propagation aids the long‐term survival of listed species. Furthermore, in addition to supplying a demand for plant collections and landscaping, commercial trade could provide a source of plants for deliberate species introductions, including assisted colonization—a debated conservation strategy that involves moving species to new environments to mitigate for habitat loss and climate change. Given the potential costs and benefits associated with trade, the challenges suggest that a collaborative approach between agencies, nurseries, and plant collectors is needed to regulate the trade of listed plants. In regulating commercial trade, policymakers and conservation biologists may want to consider potential risks and benefits of private efforts to recover species.