bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Carbon‐based Engineered Nanoparticles in Marketed Fish by Microwave‐assisted Extraction and Liquid Chromatography‐atmospheric Pressure Photoionization‐tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Chang , Kuo Han‐Wen , Ding Wang‐Hsien 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn optimized method for the determination of two major carbon‐based engineered nanoparticles (C60 and C70) in marketed fish samples is described. The method involves the use of microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with liquid chromatography ‐ tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure photoionization (LC‐APPI‐MS/MS). Factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the analytes from fish samples were optimized by a central composite design method. The optimal extraction temperature and time for MAE were found to be 233 °C for 22 min, and the extraction solution was composed of toluene and acetone in a ratio of 4.64:1. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.1 and 0.05 ng/g for C60 and C70, respectively. The precision for these analytes at two spiked levels, as indicated by relative standard deviations (RSDs), were less than 10% for both intra‐ and inter‐day analysis. Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction recovery, was between 85 and 98%. The method was further validated based on EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, including a decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) for marketed fish samples.
One‐pot Synthesis of Octahydroqinazolinones Derivatives Catalyzed by [C4(mim)2](FeCl4)2 under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Godajdar Bijan Mombani , Soleimani Soghra 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this investigation, a practical green chemistry procedure for synthesis of octahydroqinazolinones and thiones derivatives via condensation of aldehyde, 1,3‐cyclohexanedione/dimedone and urea or thiourea catalyzed by magnetic room temperature dicationic liquid under solvent free conditions is described. The catalyst was studied by UV spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and thermogravimetric analysis. This methodology is of interest due to several advantages such as environmental benign, easy experimental procedure, good yield and reusable catalyst.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and antibiotic resistance gene transfer analysis of foodborne, clinical, and environmental Listeria spp. isolates including Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Bertsch David , Muelli Mirjam , Weller Monika , Uruty Anaïs , Lacroix Christophe , Meile Leo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess antibiotic resistance pheno‐ and genotypes in foodborne, clinical, and environmental Listeria isolates, as well as to elucidate the horizontal gene transfer potential of detected resistance genes. A small fraction of in total 524 Listeria spp. isolates (3.1%) displayed acquired antibiotic resistance mainly to tetracycline (n = 11), but also to clindamycin (n = 4) and trimethoprim (n = 3), which was genotypically confirmed. In two cases, a tetracycline resistance phenotype was observed together with a trimethoprim resistance phenotype, namely in a clinical L. monocytogenes strain and in a foodborne L. innocua isolate. Depending on the applied guidelines, a differing number of isolates (n = 2 or n = 20) showed values for ampicillin that are on the edge between intermediate susceptibility and resistance. Transferability of the antibiotic resistance genes from the Listeria donors, elucidated in vitro by filter matings, was demonstrated for genes located on transposons of the Tn916 family and for an unknown clindamycin resistance determinant. Transfer rates of up to 10−5 transconjugants per donor were obtained with a L. monocytogenes recipient and up to 10−7 with an Enterococcus faecalis recipient, respectively. Although the prevalence of acquired antibiotic resistance in Listeria isolates from this study was rather low, the transferability of these resistances enables further spread in the future. This endorses the importance of surveillance of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in terms of antibiotic susceptibility.
Effects of deep brain stimulation frequency on bradykinesia of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang He , Watts Ray L. , Montgomery Erwin B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDeep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequency‐dependent. Past studies of the effect of DBS frequency, however, involved scrutiny of too few frequencies to eliminate risk of undersampling. Also, these studies presented averaged measures across subjects; high intersubject variability makes these measures problematic. In this study, 6 subjects with PD were tested in a drug‐minimal state. Following 10 minutes of stimulation at the new frequency, all available frequencies were tested. Hand‐opening and hand‐closing amplitude and frequency were measured in 3 epochs of 15 seconds each. Multiple frequencies (low and high) resulted in peaks of increased movement amplitudes. Peaks were specific and varied among individuals. No clear relationship between stimulation frequency and movement frequency was discovered. In light of the findings, a wider range of stimulation frequencies should be examined, particularly lower frequencies. Most current theories of PD pathophysiology and DBS mechanisms of action fail to explain results of the kind demonstrated herein. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Die Temperatur im Reaktor
Authors: Pohl Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReaktortemperierungen in Chemielabors sowie in Industrie‐ und Versuchsanlagen erfordern dynamische Temperiersysteme. Sie müssen endo‐ und exotherme Reaktionen im Reaktorinneren überwachen und Temperaturanstiege wie ‐abfälle extrem schnell und sicher kompensieren. Es kommt daher darauf an, alle Bedingungen und Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen.
Dealing with Wicked Problems: Conducting a Causal Layered Analysis of Complex Social Psychological Issues
Authors: Bishop Brian J. , Dzidic Peta L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCausal layered analysis (CLA) is an emerging qualitative methodology adopted in the discipline of planning as an approach to deconstruct complex social issues. With psychologists increasingly confronted with complex, and “wicked” social and community issues, we argue that the discipline of psychology would benefit from adopting CLA as an analytical method. Until now, the application of CLA for data interpretation has generally been poorly defined and overwhelming for the novice. In this paper we propose an approach to CLA that provides a method for the deconstruction and analysis of complex social psychological issues. We introduce CLA as a qualitative methodology well suited for psychology, introduce the epistemological foundations of CLA, define a space for it adoption within the discipline, and, outline the steps for conducting a CLA using an applied example.
Importance of Proximal A2 and A4 Pulleys to Maintaining Kinematics in the Hand: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Chow James C. , Sensinger Jon , McNeal David , Chow Bettina , Amirouche Farid , Gonzalez Mark 
Published: January 2014

Purpose The A2 and A4 pulleys have been shown to be important in finger flexor tendon function. Other authors have suggested either reconstruction or venting of portions of these pulleys in an attempt to preserve finger function in certain clinical situations. This study examines the effects of partial incision of these pulleys on finger flexion kinematics and biomechanics. Methods The index and ring fingers of 16 cadaveric hands were studied. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon was isolated and attached to a computer driven servo-motor. Micro-potentiometers measured flexion angles of the metacarpophalangeal, proximal inter-phalangeal and distal inter-phalangeal joints. Joint inertial torques were calculated making use of this experimental kinematic data. Results Proximal 50 % incisions of either the A2 or the A4 pulleys resulted in a statistically significant decrease in overall finger motion. This effect was greatest in the proximal interphalangeal joint, with a decrease in joint motion, as well as an earlier time to initiation of motion. These changes in finger motion were more pronounced with A2 pulley incision than they were with A4 pulley incision, but the changes were statistically significant in either case. No significant changes in joint inertial torques were shown. Conclusions Our data provides evidence to the importance of the proximal portions of the A2 and A4 pulleys, and may support partial distal incision of these pulleys in certain clinical situations.
Pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) involving peroral endoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy (POESY)
Authors: Hornemann Amadeus , Suetterlin Marc , Trunk Marcus J. , Gerhardt Axel , Kaehler Georg 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveNatural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a surgical approach that uses natural orifices to gain access to areas of the body. In the present article, we describe the first transgastric pure NOTES salpingo‐oophorectomy, which we call peroral endoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy (POESY).MethodsA woman with BRCA1 mutation presented for prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. We offered her the transgastric approach, having performed more than 25 transgastric appendectomies. After gastroscopic incision in the corpus wall, we advanced the gastroscope into the abdominal cavity. Salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed with the help of an intrauterine manipulator and a transvaginally introduced 5‐mm trocar. The posterior colpotomy was dilated and the specimens were extracted. The gastrotomy was closed with an over‐the‐scope clip, and the colpotomy with a running suture.ResultsThe gastroscope provided excellent optical control and good tissue preparation. Prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed successfully via POESY. The patient recovered quickly and was discharged on the third day, with an uneventful follow‐up.ConclusionThe present case demonstrates the feasibility of transgastric access. The gastroscope provided excellent optical control and good tissue preparation. Therefore, we expect an increasing role of transgastric procedures for diseases in the pelvic region, particularly if new endoscopic platforms with better means of instrumentation and tissue management become available.
Longitudinal health outcome and wellbeing of mother–infant pairs after adolescent pregnancy in Reunion Island, Indian Ocean
Authors: Iacobelli Silvia , Robillard Pierre‐Yves , Gouyon Jean‐Bernard , Nichols Marine , Boukerrou Malik , Barau Georges , Bonsante Francesco 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinal care needs and health service access among mother–infant pairs after adolescent pregnancy.MethodsIn a case–control study, data were analyzed from primiparous adolescent and adult mother–infant pairs who delivered at Reunion Island University Hospital, France, between January 2004 and December 2006, and were followed‐up from maternity discharge until December 2011. Infant outcomes were hospitalization during the first 2 years of life, hospital access for “non‐medical” reasons, and neuropsychiatric care. Maternal outcomes were number of pregnancies and childbirths, rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) rate, pregnancy morbidities, and use of health services.ResultsData from 476 cases and 476 controls were analyzed. Adolescent and control offspring did not differ in the measured outcomes. Adolescent and control mothers had, respectively, 2.4 ± 1.3 and 1.9 ± 1.1 pregnancies; 1.9 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.7 childbirths; and RRP rates of 7.6% and 2.7% (all P < 0.001). Adolescents had less pregnancy‐related pathologies at the index pregnancy and more frequently had natural deliveries (P < 0.05). Younger mothers exhibited higher rates (19.7% versus 6.9%, P = 0.001) of care for psychosocial reasons (suicide attempt, acute alcohol or drug intoxication, road accident, psychiatric problems, physical abuse).ConclusionConcerns arise from the long‐term psychosocial risk among adolescent mothers.
Facilitating women's access to misoprostol through community‐based advocacy in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Coeytaux Francine , Hessini Leila , Ejano Nondo , Obbuyi Albert , Oguttu Monica , Osur Joachim , Shuken Kristen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of educating communities about gynecologic uses for misoprostol at the community level through community‐based organizations in countries with restrictive abortion laws.MethodsIn 2012, the Public Health Institute and Ipas conducted an operations research study, providing small grants to 28 community‐based organizations in Kenya and Tanzania to disseminate information on the correct use of misoprostol for both abortion and postpartum hemorrhage. These groups were connected to pharmacies selling misoprostol. The primary outcomes of the intervention were reports from the community‐based organizations regarding the health education strategies that they had developed and implemented to educate their communities.ResultsThe groups developed numerous creative strategies to reach diverse audiences and ensure access to misoprostol pills. Given the restrictive environment, the groups attributed their success to having addressed the use of misoprostol for both indications (abortion and postpartum hemorrhage) and to using a harm reduction approach to frame the advocacy.ConclusionThis initiative proves that, even where abortion is legally restricted and socially stigmatized, community‐based organizations can publicly and openly share information about misoprostol and refer it to women by using innovative and effective strategies, without political backlash. Furthermore, it shows that communities are eager for this information.
Libration-driven multipolar instabilities
Authors: Cébron D. , Vantieghem S. , Herreman W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe consider rotating flows in non-axisymmetric enclosures that are driven by libration, i.e. by a small periodic modulation of the rotation rate. Thanks to its simplicity, this model is relevant to various contexts, from industrial containers (with small oscillations of the rotation rate) to fluid layers of terrestrial planets (with length-of-day variations). Assuming a multipolar$n$-fold boundary deformation, we first obtain the two-dimensional basic flow. We then perform a short-wavelength local stability analysis of the basic flow, showing that an instability may occur in three dimensions. We christen it the libration-driven multipolar instability (LDMI). The growth rates of the LDMI are computed by a Floquet analysis in a systematic way, and compared to analytical expressions obtained by perturbation methods. We then focus on the simplest geometry allowing the LDMI, a librating deformed cylinder. To take into account viscous and confinement effects, we perform a global stability analysis, which shows that the LDMI results from a parametric resonance of inertial modes. Performing numerical simulations of this librating cylinder, we confirm that the basic flow is indeed established and report the first numerical evidence of the LDMI. Numerical results, in excellent agreement with the stability results, are used to explore the nonlinear regime of the instability (amplitude and viscous dissipation of the driven flow). We finally provide an example of LDMI in a deformed spherical container to show that the instability mechanism is generic. Our results show that the previously studied libration-driven elliptical instability simply corresponds to the particular case$n= 2$of a wider class of instabilities. Summarizing, this work shows that any oscillating non-axisymmetric container in rotation may excite intermittent, space-filling LDMI flows, and this instability should thus be easy to observe experimentally.
Effects of roughness on particle dynamics in turbulent channel flows: a DNS analysis
Authors: Milici Barbara , De Marchis Mauro , Sardina Gaetano , Napoli Enrico 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDeposition and resuspension mechanisms in particle-laden turbulent flows are dominated by the coherent structures arising in the wall region. These turbulent structures, which control the turbulent regeneration cycles, are affected by the roughness of the wall. The particle-laden turbulent flow in a channel bounded by irregular two-dimensional rough surfaces is analysed. The behaviour of dilute dispersions of heavy particles is analysed using direct numerical simulations (DNS) to calculate the three-dimensional turbulent flow and Lagrangian tracking to describe the turbophoretic effect associated with two-phase turbulent flows in a complex wall-bounded domain. Turbophoresis is investigated in a quantitative way as a function of the particle inertia. The analysis of the particle statistics, in term of mean particle concentration and probability density function (p.d.f.) of wall-normal particle velocity, shows that the wall roughness produces a completely different scenario compared to the classical smooth wall. The effect of the wall roughness on the particle mass flux is shown for six particle populations having different inertia.
The Adequacy of the Mauritian Biosafety Framework
Authors: Lim Tung Odile Juliette 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the Mauritian regulatory framework on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and highlights its shortcomings, with the aim of improving the regulation of the approval and monitoring of the use of GMOs in Mauritius. It examines key issues regarding the application for a GMO permit, risk assessment requirements, identification and labelling obligations, post-market monitoring, and liability and redress in the case of damages. There is a need for greater public participation in decision-making on the approval of GMO permits and the monitoring stage procedure, specific civil liability provisions for damage as well as regulation of the coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in the Mauritian biosafety framework. Pending the proclamation of the entire Mauritian GMO Act 2004, relevant transitional provisions should also be provided. Beyond legal provisions on biosafety, a national policy on GM products and GMO-related activities should be elaborated.
Investor Horizons and Corporate Policies
Authors: Derrien François , Kecskés Ambrus , Thesmar David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe study the effect of investor horizons on corporate behavior. We argue that longer investor horizons attenuate the effect of stock mispricing on corporate policies. Consistent with our argument, we find that when a firm is undervalued, greater long-term investor ownership is associated with more investment, more equity financing, and less payouts to shareholders. Our results do not appear to be explained by long-term investor self-selection, monitoring (corporate governance), or concentration (blockholdings). Our results are consistent with a version of market timing in which mispriced firms cater to the tastes of their short-term investors rather than their long-term investors.
Threshold and subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder among US adolescents: prevalence, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics
Authors: Burstein M. , Beesdo-Baum K. , He J.-P. , Merikangas K. R. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThreshold and subthreshold forms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are highly prevalent and impairing conditions among adults. However, there are few general population studies that have examined these conditions during the early life course. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of threshold and subthreshold forms of GAD in a nationally representative sample of US youth; and (2) test differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between threshold and subthreshold forms of the disorder.MethodThe National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10 123 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age in the continental USA.ResultsApproximately 3% of adolescents met criteria for threshold GAD. Reducing the required duration from 6 months to 3 months resulted in a 65.7% increase in prevalence (5.0%); further relaxing the uncontrollability criterion led to an additional 20.7% increase in prevalence (6.1%). Adolescents with all forms of GAD displayed a recurrent clinical course marked by substantial impairment and co-morbidity with other psychiatric disorders. There were few significant differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between threshold and subthreshold cases of GAD. Results also revealed age-related differences in the associated symptoms and clinical course of GAD.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate the clinical significance of subthreshold forms of GAD among adolescent youth, highlighting the continuous nature of the GAD construct. Age-related differences in the associated symptoms and clinical course of GAD provide further support for criteria that capture variation in clinical features across development.
The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for fears and phobias
Authors: Loken E. K. , Hettema J. M. , Aggen S. H. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAlthough prior genetic studies of interview-assessed fears and phobias have shown that genetic factors predispose individuals to fears and phobias, they have been restricted to the DSM-III to DSM-IV aggregated subtypes of phobias rather than to individual fearful and phobic stimuli.MethodWe examined the lifetime history of fears and/or phobias in response to 21 individual phobic stimuli in 4067 personally interviewed twins from same-sex pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders (VATSPSUD). We performed multivariate statistical analyses using Mx and Mplus.ResultsThe best-fitting model for the 21 phobic stimuli included four genetic factors (agora-social-acrophobia, animal phobia, blood-injection-illness phobia and claustrophobia) and three environmental factors (agora-social-hospital phobia, animal phobia, and situational phobia).ConclusionsThis study provides the first view of the architecture of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobic disorders and their subtypes. The genetic factors of the phobias support the DSM-IV and DSM-5 constructs of animal and blood-injection-injury phobias but do not support the separation of agoraphobia from social phobia. The results also do not show a coherent genetic factor for the DSM-IV and DSM-5 situational phobia. Finally, the patterns of co-morbidity across individual fears and phobias produced by genetic and environmental influences differ appreciably.