bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexisting hematite induces and accelerates the transformation of ferrihydrite: pathway and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wei Hongyan , Liu Jing , Chen Qingze , Yang Yixuan , Xian Haiyang , Liang Xiaoliang , Yang Yiping , Zhu Jianxi , Zhu Runliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Crystallization induced by heterogeneous surfaces is an important process in geochemistry, biomineralization, and material synthesis, but the effects of heterogeneous surfaces on the transformation of metastable phases into new crystals remain poorly understood. In this work, we studied the transformation behaviors of ferrihydrite (Fhy) in the presence of hematite (Hem) nanoplates with specific exposed facets ({001} and {113}) at different pH (4, 7, and 12). Our results reveal that the Hem nanoplates can induce the transformation of Fhy to Hem/Gth (goethite) and accelerate the transformation rate. This effect is primarily achieved by modulating the dissolution-recrystallization process, i.e., accelerating the dissolution of Fhy and promoting the heterogeneous crystallization (to form new Hem/Gth) at the surface of added Hem nanoplates, and solution pH plays crucial roles in these processes. In specific, a relatively low supply of dissolved Fe3+ from Fhy at pH 4 favors island growth of new Hem at the {001} facets of Hem nanoplates and layer-by-layer growth at the {113} facets, which eventually results in the formation of thermodynamically stable pseudo-cubic morphology (exposing {012} facets). Because of the very low solubility of Fhy at pH 7, the induced transformation of Fhy by Hem nanoplates is rather weak. While at pH 12, a high supply of dissolved Fe3+ from Fhy benefits the layer-by-layer growth at {001} facets of Hem and the significant heteroepitaxial growth of Gth at the {113} facets. Besides the induced transformation, the direct solid-state transformation of Fhy into Hem and the homogeneous crystallization of dissolved Fe3+ also contribute to the transformation of Fhy. This study, for the first time, well reveals the mechanisms of induced transformation of Fhy in the presence of Hem nanoparticles, which will advance our understanding of the significant effects of heterogeneous surfaces in modulating the transformation of metastable phases, and supplement the transformation mechanisms of Fhy.
Phase transformation of ferric-iron-rich silicate in Earth’s mid-mantle
Authors: Lv Mingda , Zhu Shengcai , Liu Jiachao , Hu Yi , Zhu Feng , Lai Xiaojing , Zhang Dongzhou , Chen Bin , Dera Przemyslaw , Li Jie , Dorfman Susannah M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Incorporation of ferric iron in mantle silicates stabilizes different crystal structures and changes phase transition conditions, thus impacting seismic wave speeds and discontinuities. In MgSiO3-Fe2O3 mixtures, recent experiments indicate the coexistence of fully oxidized iron-rich (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 with Fe-poor silicate (wadsleyite or bridgmanite) and stishovite at 15 to 27 GPa and 1773 to 2000 K, conditions relevant to subducted lithosphere in the Earth’s transition zone and uppermost lower mantle. X-ray diffraction measurements show that (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 recovered from these conditions adopts the R3c LiNbO3-type structure, which transforms to the bridgmanite structure again between 18.3 GPa and 24.7 GPa at 300 K. Diffraction observations are used to obtain the equation of state of the LiNbO3-type phase up to 18.3 GPa. These observations combined with multi-anvil experiments suggest that the stable phase of (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 is bridgmanite at 15-27 GPa, which transforms on decompression to LiNbO3-type structure. Our calculation revealed that ordering of the ferric ion reduces the kinetic energy barrier of the transition between (Mg0.5Fe0.53+)(Fe0.53+Si0.5)O3 LiNbO3 structure and bridgmanite relative to the MgSiO3 akimotoite-bridgmanite system. Dense Fe3+-rich bridgmanite structure is thus stable at substantially shallower depths than MgSiO3 bridgmanite and would promote subduction.
Evaluating the effect of antibiotics on aerobic granular sludge treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater
Authors: Cao Zhenghao , Sai Anning , Jia Xiangxiang , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been widely applied in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment due to its advantages such as high biomass and excellent settling performance. However, the influence of commonly found antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater on the operational efficiency of AGS has been poorly explored. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TE) on AGS treating pharmaceutical wastewater at room temperature and analyzed the related mechanisms. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between TE's effects on AGS. At concentrations below the threshold of 0.1 mg/L, the effects are considered trivial. In contrast, TE with more than 2.0 mg/L reduces the performance of AGS. In the 6.0 mg/L TE group, COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies decreased to 72.6–75.5, 54.6–58.9, and 71.6–75.8%, respectively. High concentrations of TE reduced sludge concentration and the proportion of organic matter in AGS, leading to a decline in sludge settling performance. Elevated TE concentrations stimulated extracellular polymeric substance secretion, increasing polymeric nitrogen and polymeric phosphorus content. Intracellular polymer analysis revealed that high TE concentrations reduced polyhydroxyalkanoates but enhanced glycogen metabolism. Enzyme activity analysis disclosed that high TE concentrations decreased the activity of key enzymes associated with nutrient removal.
Anti-Resistant Strategies: Icotinib Derivatives as Promising Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Du Yu , Chen Xiaojie 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often benefit from EGFR
inhibitors like gefitinib. However, drug resistance remains a significant challenge in treatment.
The unique properties of 1,2,3-triazole, a nitrogen-based compound, hold promise as potential solutions
due to its versatile structural attributes and diverse biological effects, including anticancer
properties.

Materials and Methods:
Our synthesis process involved the huisgen cycloaddition chemical
method, which generated diverse icotinib derivatives. We evaluated the anticancer capabilities of
these derivatives against various cancer cell lines, with a specific focus on NSCLC cells that exhibit
drug resistance. Additionally, we investigated the binding affinity of selected compounds, including
3l, towards wild-type EGFR using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments.

Results:
Notably, icotinib derivatives such as derivative 3l demonstrated significant efficacy
against different cancer cell lines, including those resistant to conventional therapies. Compound
3l exhibited potent activity with IC50 values below 10 μM against drug-resistant cells. SPR experiments
revealed that 3l exhibited enhanced affinity towards wild-type EGFR compared to icotinib.
Our research findings suggest that 3l acts as a compelling antagonist for the protein tyrosine kinase
of EGFR (EGFR-PTK).

Conclusion:
Icotinib derivative 3l, featuring a 1,2,3-triazole ring, demonstrates potent anticancer
effects against drug-resistant NSCLC cells. Its enhanced binding affinity to EGFR and modulation
of the EGFR-RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway position 3l as a promising candidate for the future development
of anticancer drugs.Keywords: Icotinib, 1,2,3-triazole, drug-resistance, NSCLC, drug-resistance,
EGFR-PTK.
Double-dose Versus Single-dose Methotrexate Therapy in Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Pourali Leila , Vatanchi Atiyeh , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Ghomian Nayereh , Jabarzadeh Solaleh 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Methotrexate (MTX) was traditionally administered using the multi-dose
regimen or single-dose protocols to treat ectopic pregnancies. The two-dose regimen was described
as a cross between these two previous protocols aiming to lower side effects than multi-dose with a
higher success rate of single-dose protocols. Hence, this study compared double-dose versus singledose
methotrexate therapy in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study was performed on the women referred to the academic
hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from March 2018 to July 2021 who were diagnosed
as having stable tubal ectopic pregnancy and selected for medical treatment with methotrexate.
Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) software (version 26). P≤0.05 was considered a significant level.

Results:
A total number of 347 patients were included in this study. About 300 cases were evaluated:
240 cases in single-dose and 60 cases in the double-dose group. The Beta Human chorionic
gonadotropin (Beta-hCG) declined more than 15% between days 4 and 7 and was significantly
higher in the double-dose group (P<0.001). Regarding the time from MTX administration until Beta-
hCG level <5mIU/mg, this time was significantly shorter in the double-dose group (P=0.045).
Considering the side effects, there was no complication in any of the groups. However, tubal rupture
was seen in 17 cases of double-dose and 10 cases in the single-dose group, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results of the current study showed a higher treatment success rate in double-dose
MTX protocol with comparable side effects compared to single-dose MTX protocol for the treatment
of stable tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Impact of Cognitive-behavioral Counseling on Attitudes of Childless Couples: A Mixed Face-to-Face and Virtual Intervention Trial
Authors: Soltani Faezeh , Vakilian Katayon , Nokani Mostafa , Torkestani Naimeh Akbari 
Published: July 2024

Background
Considering the declining trend in population growth in many countries, Iran is no exception. Therefore, effective interventions for couples' desire to have children should be developed and employed in the early years of marriage.

Aim
This study sought to answer the question of whether counseling can change the negative attitude of couples towards having a child.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combined method of counseling with a cognitive-behavioral approach on the attitude of childless couples.

Methods
The present study is an educational trial conducted with a control group of couples with no child, who were referred to the health centers in Qom, Iran. The intervention group (n=20) received cognitive-behavioral counseling in 60-minute sessions for 6 weeks (twice a week) using a combined face-to-face and virtual method via the Eitaa social application. The participants in the control group (n=19) received no intervention program. Attitude was measured in 3 stages using the questionnaire on childbearing attitudes. SPSS 22, independent t-test, Fisher’s test, Chi-square test, and repeated measurement were used to analyze the data.

Results
Total attitude in the intervention group increased from 49.25 to 63.85 in the same period, which was within the range of positive attitude (more than 50% of total score) (p=0.01), and it remained within the range of negative attitude (less than 50% of the total score) for the control group. Moreover, the attitudes of the two groups were significantly different (p=0.03).

Conclusion
Since the participants’ attitude towards childbearing before the intervention was negative and changed to a positive attitude after the intervention, healthcare providers and midwives are suggested to use this method in the clinical setting.
Analyzing Trustworthiness and Explainability in Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dixit Muskan , Kansal Isha , Khullar Vikas , Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Sunil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important driver in the current dynamic
technological environment, presenting itself as a revolutionary power capable of reconfiguring
various sectors, economies, and social structures. The paper aims to address a wide range of
readers, encompassing AI practitioners, academics, and people in general. Its primary objective is
to connect the complex technical aspects of AI and the ethical problems inherent in its creation
and implementation. In an era marked by the growing integration of AI systems into various aspects
of human existence, the book offers fundamental ideas that contribute to cultivating an environment
where these systems function with transparency, ethical considerations, and reliability.
The paper's comprehensive coverage spans various subjects that contribute to a complete comprehension
of the intricate terrain of reliable AI. The analysis is initiated by conducting an indepth
examination of the architectural aspects of AI systems, elucidating the progression from
the input of data to the generation of decision-making outcomes. The text introduces the core
functions of AI, explores its conceptual framework, and emphasizes the significance of data processing
modules, computations, Machine Learning models (ML), and integrating software. This
foundational framework establishes a basis for subsequent investigation into the pivotal concepts
of integrity, trust, and ethics. This paper bravely tackles urgent issues about bias, justice, and the
erosion of data privacy while offering practical solutions to increase AI system openness and
explainability by 20%. This paper examines various strategies to improve transparency and explainability,
recognizing the importance of strengthening user understanding and confidence.
Within the realm of healthcare, the paper acquaints readers with the pioneering notion of Federated
Deep Learning, which can improve data privacy by up to 30%. This includes a dedicated
part that delves into the concept of explainable AI, introducing various methodologies such as
LIME and SHAP, which are employed to interpret predictions made by AI models. The paper
provides readers with the knowledge to traverse the ever-changing environment of AI safely and
ethically. It emphasizes the importance of utilizing AI's transformative potential for improving
humanity while maintaining the utmost adherence to ethical principles.
Human Brucellosis in Iraq: Spatiotemporal Data Analysis From 2007-2018
Authors: Mustafa Ali Hazim , Khaleel Hanan Abdulghafoor , Lami Faris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Brucellosis is both endemic and enzootic in Iraq, resulting in long-term morbidity for humans as well as economic loss. No previous study of the spatial and temporal patterns of brucellosis in Iraq was done to identify potential clustering of cases.

Objective
This study aims to detect the spatial and temporal distribution of human brucellosis in Iraq and identify any changes that occurred from 2007 to 2018.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the Surveillance Section at the Communicable Diseases Control Center, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health in Iraq. The trends of cases by sex and age group from 2007 to 2018 were displayed. The seasonal distribution of the cases from 2007 to 2012 was graphed. We calculated the incidence of human brucellosis per district per year and used local Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to detect the spatial distribution of the data. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and GeoDa software.

Results
A total of 51,508 human brucellosis cases were reported during the 12-year study period, with some missing data for age groups. Human brucellosis persisted annually in Iraq across the study period with no specific temporal clustering of cases. In contrast, spatial clustering was predominant in northern Iraq.

Conclusions
There were significant differences in the geographic distribution of brucellosis. The number of cases is the highest in the north and northeast regions of the country, which has borders with nearby countries. In addition, people in these areas depend more on locally made dairy products, which can be inadequately pasteurized. Despite the lack of significant temporal clustering of cases, the highest number of cases were reported during summer and spring. Considering these patterns when allocating resources to combat this disease, determining public health priorities, and planning prevention and control strategies is important.
The Impact of Urban Green Patches on Air Pollutant Concentration: A Case Study of Hangzhou
Authors: Tao Hao , Wen Rikun , Yang Liu , N’tani Chingaipe 
Published: July 2024

To explore the impact of landscape pattern index on air pollutant, this study takes the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 at 14 national air quality monitoring stations in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2021 as the dependent variables, and selects five landscape pattern indices of green patches within 500m of the monitoring stations as independent variables. An enhanced regression tree model was used to study the influence of landscape patterns on the concentrations of the four air pollutants. The results show that the most significant influencing factors for the concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 are the aggregation index, Shannon's diversity index, aggregation index, and largest patch index respectively, with relative influence rates of 29.27%, 25.06%, 31.28%, and 28.58%, respectively. The aggregation index has a significant impact on all types of air pollutants and plays a good role in reducing air pollution. With higher regional patch aggregation index, the concentration of air particulate matter and nitrogen oxides is greatly alleviated. The largest patch index is significantly negatively correlated with air particulate matter and ozone concentration, and an increase in green areas has a good mitigating effect on these two types of air pollutants. As the Shannon diversity index increases, there is a general trend of decreasing particulate matter concentration, while the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone show a decrease as well. This suggests that the complexity of landscape shape and boundaries is conducive to the reduction of nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations to a certain extent.
Geological conditions for the development of geothermal energy in Azerbaijan
Authors: Islamzade A.V. , Mukhtarov A.Sh. 
Published: July 2024

The article considered the thermal waters existing in Azerbaijan, the prospects for their use, business opportunities and other issues. Forecast operational reserves of thermal waters in the Republic, renewable energy potential of Azerbaijan, including the share of renewable energy in Azerbaijan in 2020 are reflected here. Thus, there are a large number of closed and unused exploration wells that can be restored and used to generate geothermal energy with less investment. Now the main goal is to determine the optimal location for drilling wells with a higher geothermal potential and the problems of using this energy. Thermal waters with different chemical composition and mineralization in Azerbaijan are predominantly common in the fold regions of the Caucasus and Talysh Mountains and have significant reserves. As a result of research conducted on more than 1,000 thermal water sources in Azerbaijan, it was determined that the total reserve of thermal water is more than 245´103 m3/day. The main discharge paths of these waters are tectonic faults of different directions and amplitudes. The gas content of the thermal water sources of the Greater Caucasus and Talysh mountains are methane, nitrogen, hydrogen-sulfur mixture, and the content of the Lesser Caucasus’ are mainly carbon dioxide. Methane waters are usually high-pressure and high-flow, and high-temperature (64—95 °C). The number of sources containing methane is up to 200. Such sources include Masalli (Arkivan), Devechi (Ledzh), Salyan (Babazanan) and others. Sources of nitrogen are found in the southern part of the Greater Caucasus and in Talysh. These include both cold (14—180 °С) and hot (41—550 °С) springs. The highest nitrogen content among them is Alasha — 100 % (Astara), Meshesu 100 % (Lankaran), Ledzh — 37 %, Khaltan — 88 % (Devechi).
Besides (in addition), in the article the recent use of low-potential geothermal energy, the issues of application of new technologies in the development and management of geothermal resources also reviewed.
Study of Contact Algorithms Influencing Specimen Response in Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Compression Test
Authors: Baranowski Paweł , Damaziak Krzysztof 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the importance of a proper contact algorithm selection when a constitutive model is correlated and validated, especially in the case of brittle materials. A parametric study is carried out to study the influence of contact parameters on the outcomes of the numerical simulations of a dynamic compression test. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) model is developed, and sandstone rock is considered as a representative material having considerably different properties compared to SHPB bars. The finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) were used to simulate specimen behaviour using a LS-Dyna solver. Two contact types based on the penalty method are analysed: nodes to surface (FEM and SPH) and surface to surface (FEM only). Furthermore, three approaches of contact stiffness calculation are used for each contact type. The waveform data and failure patterns are then compared among all simulated cases and the corresponding experimental outcomes. It is found that the soft constraint stiffness (SOFT = 1) provides the best outcomes, especially in the case of one-way contact, and is nearly insensitive to stiffness scaling parameters. By contrast, standard (SOFT = 0) and segment-based (SOFT =2) approaches require a substantial effort in adjusting the stiffness scaling parameters to obtain satisfactory results. This paper provides valuable guidance for correlating and validating parameters of constitutive models for rock and other brittle materials in the SHPB test.
Prediction of the Discharge Coefficient of a Labyrinth Weir Type D by an Artificial Neural Network Method
Authors: Belaabed Faris , Arabet Leila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study presents the use, and its advantages, of artificial intelligence methods to predict the discharge coefficient (Cw
), considering the approach conditions of the labyrinth weir type D. The study suggests modifying the training and validation rates in AI tools, which are often fixed without proper justification in previous studies. Unlike most studies that use geometric dimensions as inputs, this work focuses on the approach conditions (the emplacement of the labyrinth weir and filling the alveoli upstream and downstream) of the labyrinth weir type D. The results, based on laboratory experiments, show that these modified inputs significantly impact the e ciency and cost of constructing the weir. Moreover, the C
w predictions based on these inputs are highly satisfactory compared to laboratory test results. In terms of training and validation ratios, the study confirms that the optimal ratio is 70/30 for accurate and highly satisfactory predictions.
Rethinking Sociality in Language Evolution: Enlanguagement as a Catalyst for Shifts in Developmental Pathways
Authors: Raimondi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A significant body of research on the roots of human language highlights the crucial role played by changes in ancestral sociality. Recent studies have revived the hypothesis of human self-domestication, arguing that it provides new insights into the development of human sociality, cultural evolution, and symbolic communication. While the concept of domestication offers an intriguing interpretation of the co-evolution of body, cognition, and behavior, its application to human evolution is controversial. This paper explores an alternative perspective, suggesting that the enlanguagement of interactions may have acted as a catalyst for evolutionary change. We propose that the consolidation of enlanguaged practices, underpinned by the amplification of social dispositions, set in motion an evolutionary spiral. We explore how this process may have reshaped ancestral developmental trajectories and niches, ultimately culminating in the distinctive mode of life that characterizes our species.