bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survival in young and middle‐aged Hodgkin lymphoma patients in Sweden 1992–2009—trends in cure proportions by clinical characteristics
Authors: Glimelius Ingrid , Ekberg Sara , Jerkeman Mats , Chang Ellen T. , Björkholm Magnus , Andersson Therese M.L. , Smedby Karin E. , Eloranta Sandra 
Published: September 2015

Trends in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survival among patients treated outside of clinical trials provide real‐world benchmark estimates of prognosis and help identify patient subgroups for targeted trials. In a Swedish population‐based cohort of 1947 HL patients diagnosed in 1992–2009 at ages 18–59 years, we estimated relative survival (RS), cure proportions (CP), and median survival times using flexible parametric cure models. Overall, the CP was 89% (95% CI: 0.87–0.91) and median survival of the uncured was 4.6 years (95% CI: 3.0–6.3). For patients aged 18–50 years diagnosed after the year 2000, CP was high and stable, whereas for patients of 50–59 years, cure was not reached. The survival of relapse‐free patients was similar to that of the general population (RS5‐year: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99, RS15‐year: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.97). The excess mortality of relapsing patients was 19 times (95% CI: 12–31) that of relapse‐free patients. Despite modern treatments, patients with adverse prognostic factors (e.g., advanced stage) still had markedly worse outcomes [CP stage: IIIB 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.89); CP stage: IVB 0.72, (95% CI: 0.60–0.81)] and patients with international prognostic score (IPS) ≥3 had 2.7 times higher excess mortality (95% CI: 1.0–7.0, p = 0.04) than patients with IPS <3. High‐risk patients selected for 6–8 courses of BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclofosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone)‐chemotherapy had a 15‐year relative survival of 87%, (95% CI: 0.80–0.92), whereas the corresponding estimate for patients selected for 6–8 courses of ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) was 93% (95% CI: 0.88–0.97). These population‐based results indicate limited fatal side‐effects in the 15‐year perspective with contemporary treatments, while the unmet need of effective relapse treatment remains of concern. BEACOPP‐chemotherapy was still not sufficient in high‐risk HL patients. Am. J. Hematol. 90:1128–1134, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lactase non‐persistence and general patterns of dairy intake in indigenous and mestizo chilean populations
Authors: Fernández Catalina I. , Montalva Nicolás , Arias Macarena , Hevia Macarena , Moraga Mauricio L. , Flores Sergio V. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesLactase persistence (LP) is a genetic trait that has been studied among different countries and ethnic groups. In Latin America, the frequencies of this trait have been shown to vary according to the degree of admixture of the populations. The objective of this study is to better understand the relationship between this genetic trait and dairy intake in a multiethnic context through a synthesis of studies conducted in four regions of Chile.MethodsGenotypes frequencies for the SNP LCT‐13910C>T (rs4988235) and frequency of dairy consumption were obtained from four populations: Polynesians from Easter Island (Rapanui); Amerindians (Mapuche) and Mestizos from the Araucanía region; urban Mestizos from Santiago; and rural Mestizos from the Coquimbo region. Genetic differentiation and association between milk consumption and genotype frequencies were estimated.ResultsGenetic differentiation between Native and Mestizo populations was significant; the LP frequency in Mapuche and Rapanui was 10% and 25%, respectively, whereas among the Mestizos, LP frequency was near 40%. Dairy intake was below the nutritional recommendations for the four groups, and extremely below recommendations among the indigenous populations. Association between milk intake and LP was found in Santiago and Rapanui populations.ConclusionsAlthough the frequency of LP varies among the populations according to their degree of admixture, dairy consumption was very low across the populations. Given that the association between milk consumption and expected phenotype was found only in two of the populations analyzed, it seems that lactase non‐persistence (LNP) is not the only cause for dairy avoidance. Thus, it is suggested that SES and cultural preferences are likely affecting dairy consumption. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:213–219, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inverse association between height increase and LDL cholesterol during puberty: A 3‐year follow‐up study of the Fukuroi City
Authors: Fujita Yuki , Kouda Katsuyasu , Nakamura Harunobu , Iki Masayuki 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesFew studies have reported on the association between changes in serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and height increase. We investigated the association between LDL‐C change and height increase during puberty in a 3‐year follow‐up study in Fukuroi City, Japan.MethodsThe source population was all fifth grade 2,515 students enrolled in any public school in Fukuroi, Japan in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The follow‐up survey was conducted in eighth grade students in 2011, 2012, and 2013. In total, 2,225 adolescents were followed. To evaluate the relationships between height increases and changes in LDL‐C, a regression analysis was conducted after stratification by tertiles of weight change (LW: lowest group, MW: middle group, and HW: highest group).ResultsIn each weight change tertile, serum LDL‐C significantly decreased from the lowest to highest tertiles of height change (LW: regression coefficient (B) = −0.12, MW: B = −0.07, HW: B = −0.08 in males; MW: B = −0.17, HW: B = −0.14 in females). The association between height increases and LDL‐C was significantly stronger than that between weight increases and LDL‐C (male: B = −0.609 and 95% CI −0.836 to −0.382 in height, B = 0.008 and 95% CI −0.193 to 0.209 in weight; female: B = −0.963 and 95% CI −1.301 to −0.624 in height, B = 0.366 and 95% CI 0.058–0.675 in weight).ConclusionsSerum LDL‐C decreased with increasing height, independent of increases in weight. The association between LDL‐C and height is stronger than that between LDL‐C and weight. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:330–334, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
National machine guarding program: Part 2. Safety management in small metal fabrication enterprises
Authors: Parker David L. , Yamin Samuel C. , Brosseau Lisa M. , Xi Min , Gordon Robert , Most Ivan G. , Stanley Rodney 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundSmall manufacturing businesses often lack important safety programs. Many reasons have been set forth on why this has remained a persistent problem.MethodsThe National Machine Guarding Program (NMGP) was a nationwide intervention conducted in partnership with two workers' compensation insurers. Insurance safety consultants collected baseline data in 221 business using a 33‐question safety management audit. Audits were completed during an interview with the business owner or manager.ResultsMost measures of safety management improved with an increasing number of employees. This trend was particularly strong for lockout/tagout. However, size was only significant for businesses without a safety committee. Establishments with a safety committee scored higher (55% vs. 36%) on the safety management audit compared with those lacking a committee (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCritical safety management programs were frequently absent. A safety committee appears to be a more important factor than business size in accounting for differences in outcome measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1184–1193, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substance use associated with short sleep duration in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Tang Vivian K. , Pato Michele T. , Sobell Janet L. , Hammond Terese C. , Valdez Mark M. , Lane Christianne J. ,   Genomic Psychiatry Cohort Consortium, Pato Carlos N. 
Published: September 2015

Study ObjectivesTo examine the association between substance use and short sleep duration in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (SADD).DesignCross‐sectional, retrospective study.SettingUrban, suburban, and rural centers across the United States.Participants2,462 consented, adult individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (SADD). Participants included inpatients in acute or chronic care settings as well as outpatients and residents in community dwellings.MeasurementsSubstance use was assessed with 10 questions adopted from well‐validated measures (e.g., CAGE questionnaire) for alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs. Short sleep duration was defined as <6 hr of self‐reported sleep per night.ResultsClose to 100% of our sample used nicotine while 83% used substances other than nicotine. More importantly, there was a significant association between substance use and short sleep duration. Interestingly, this association was strongest among African–Americans with schizophrenia or SADD.ConclusionsBecause psychiatric medications often target chemical receptors involved with both sleep and substance use, understanding the association between short sleep duration and substance use in individuals with schizophrenia and SADD is important. Given that the majority of premature deaths in individuals with psychotic illness are due to medical conditions associated with modifiable risk factors, prospective studies designed to examine the effect of short sleep duration on behaviors like substance use should be undertaken. Finally, analyzing genetic and environmental data in a future study might help illuminate the strong association found between short sleep duration and substance use in African–Americans with schizophrenia and SADD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cosmological implications of Higgs field fluctuations during inflation
Authors: Grobov A. V. , Konoplich R. V. , Rubin S. G. 
Published: September 2015

Cosmological implications of Higgs field fluctuations during inflation are considered. This study is based on the Standard Model and the standard quadratic model of chaotic inflation where the Higgs field is minimally coupled to gravity and has no direct coupling to the inflaton. In the Standard model the renormalisation group improved effective potential develops an instability (an additional minimum and maximum) at large field values. It is shown that such a new maximum should take place at an energy scale above , otherwise a universe like ours is extremely unlikely. The extension to the case of the Higgs field interacting with the inflaton field is discussed.
image
Discovery of a Potent Allosteric Kinase Modulator by Combining Computational and Synthetic Methods
Authors: Kroon Edwin , Schulze Jörg O. , Süß Evelyn , Camacho Carlos J. , Biondi Ricardo M. , Dömling Alexander 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe rational design of allosteric kinase modulators is challenging but rewarding. The protein kinase PDK1, which lies at the center of the growth‐factor signaling pathway, possesses an allosteric regulatory site previously validated both in vitro and in cells. ANCHOR.QUERY software was used to discover a potent allosteric PDK1 kinase modulator. Using a recently published PDK1 compound as a template, several new scaffolds that bind to the allosteric target site were generated and one example was validated. The inhibitor can be synthesized in one step by multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry when using the ANCHOR.QUERY approach. Our results are significant because the outlined approach allows rapid and efficient scaffold hopping from known molecules into new easily accessible and biologically active ones. Based on increasing interest in allosteric‐site drug discovery, we foresee many potential applications for this approach.
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Sulfoximination of Heteroaromatic N‐Oxides by Dual C−H/N−H Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Yu Hao , Dannenberg Carl Albrecht , Li Zhen , Bolm Carsten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA dual C−H/N−H dehydrogenative coupling of quinoline‐type N‐oxides with sulfoximines that leads to N‐(hetero)arylsulfoximines in high yields has been realized by using a catalytic amount of CuBr in air. The method does not require any additional ligand, base, reactivity modifier or oxidant and provides a practical route towards a series of sulfoximidoyl‐functionalized quinolines and derivatives.
Simulating and evaluating best management practices for integrated landscape management scenarios in biofuel feedstock production
Authors: Ha Miae , Wu May 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSound crop and land management strategies can maintain land productivity and improve the environmental sustainability of agricultural crop and feedstock production. This study evaluates a strategy of incorporating landscape design and management concepts into bioenergy feedstock production. It examines the effect of land conversion and agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on water quality (nutrients and suspended sediments) and hydrology. The strategy was applied to the watershed of the South Fork Iowa River in Iowa, where the focus was on converting low‐productivity land to provide cellulosic biomass and implementing riparian buffers. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate the impact at watershed and sub‐basin scales. The study compared the representation of buffers by using trapping efficiency and area ratio methods in SWAT. Landscape design and management scenarios were developed to quantify water quality under (i) current land use, (ii) partial land conversion to switchgrass, and (iii) riparian buffer implementation. Results show that implementation of vegetative barriers and riparian buffer can trap the loss of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and sediment significantly. The effect increases with the increase of buffer area coverage. Implementing riparian buffer at 30 m width is able to produce 4 million liters of biofuels. When low‐productivity land (15.2% of total watershed land area) is converted to grow switchgrass, suspended sediment, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nitrate loadings are reduced by 69.3%, 55.5%, 46.1%, and 13.4%, respectively. Results highlight the significant role of lower‐productivity land and buffers in cellulosic biomass and provide insights into the design of an integrated landscape with a conservation buffer for future bioenergy feedstock production. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts with impact on research, health, and environment
Authors: Wang Xu , Ryu Dongryeol , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Auwerx Johan 
Published: September 2015

Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lines. Importantly, plant chloroplasts, like their mitochondria, are also under certain conditions vulnerable to these and other antibiotics that are leached into our environment. Together these endosymbiotic organelles are not only essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis stricto sensu, but also have an important role to play in the sustainability of our ecosystem as they maintain the delicate balance between autotrophs and heterotrophs, which fix and utilize energy, respectively. Therefore, stricter policies on antibiotic usage are absolutely required as their use in research confounds experimental outcomes, and their uncontrolled applications in medicine and agriculture pose a significant threat to a balanced ecosystem and the well‐being of these endosymbionts that are essential to sustain health.Also watch theVideo Abstract.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing hydrogen peroxide based on a hemicyanine–naphthol fluorophore
Authors: Lei Yingjie , Xue Cong , Zhang Sichun , Sha Yaowu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, properties and applications of a water‐soluble boronate‐functioned hemicyanine–naphthol hybrid as a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor for hydrogen peroxide are presented. The dye displayed remarkable a colour change from pale orange (λem = 590 nm) to pink (λem = 690 nm) in the presence of H2O2, which could be rationalized by the chemoselective H2O2‐mediated transformation of arylboronate to phenolate with high selectivity and a fast response (within 2 min). A good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9951) was obtained with the H2O2 concentration ranging from 0 to 25 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.09 μM according to the signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N = 3). The advantages of this fluorophore include easy modification, excellent aqueous solubility and superior photostability, and it has been applied to the detection of trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in water samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Final‐year projects using open source OpenEEG
Authors: Collins Tim , Woolley Sandra I. , Rawson Nicholas C. , Haroon Luth 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTElectronic Engineering undergraduates are increasingly interested in final‐year individual projects that involve brain–computer interfacing. This paper outlines the challenges of resourcing these types of medical instrumentation projects and describes the adoption of the open source OpenEEG electroencephalography platform in final‐year undergraduate projects. The OpenEEG projects applied a broad range of curriculum components including computer interfacing, signal processing, and software development. The applications were wide‐ranging and provided good opportunities to explore relevant research. The paper describes the initial investment in support required to resource the projects, in particular, the provision of supporting code examples. The projects were particularly popular with students. In total, twelve final‐year project students used the OpenEEG platform. Student engagement was good and the project outcomes were slightly above cohort average. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:156–164, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21682
Changes in glucose transporter expression and nitric oxide production are associated with liver injury in diabetes
Authors: Sokolovska Jeļizaveta , Isajevs Sergejs , Rostoka Evita , Sjakste Tatjana , Trapiņa Ilva , Ošiņa Kristīne , Paramonova Natalia , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: September 2015

In diabetes mellitus (DM), both hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia can initiate accumulation of fat in the liver, which might be further mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase. We have studied changes in GLUT1, nitric oxide (NO·) concentration and liver damage in two rat DM models. STZ model was induced by strepozotocin 50 mg/kg. HS model was induced by high‐fat diet and 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. GLUT1 expression was studied by means of real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Production of NO· was monitored by means of erythrocyte sedimentation rate spectroscopy of Fe‐DETC‐NO complex. Liver damage was assessed using histological activity index (HAI). NO· concentration was increased in the liver of STZ rats, but it did not change in HS rats (control 36.8 ± 10.3; STZ 142.1 ± 31.1; HS 35.4 ± 9.8 ng/g). Liver HAI was higher in STZ group, 8.6 ± 0.17 versus HS 4.7 ± 0.31, p < 0.05. GLUT1 protein expression was elevated only in STZ group, 16 ± 3 cells/mm2 versus Control 5 ± 2 cells/mm2, p = 0.007. Hyperglycaemia sooner causes severe liver damage in rat models of DM, compared with hyperlipidaemia, and is associated with increased NO· production. GLUT1 transporter expression might be involved in toxic effects of glucose in the liver.We have obtained novel data about association of GLUT1 expression and NO· metabolism in the pathogenesis of liver injury in DM. Increased GLUT1 expression was observed together with overproduction of NO· and pronounced liver injury in severely hyperglycaemic rats. On the contrary, moderately hyperglycaemic hyperlipidaemic rats developed only moderate liver steatosis and no increase in GLUT1 and NO·. GLUT1 overexpression might be implicated in the toxic effects of glucose in the liver. Glycotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress and NO· hyperproduction. GLUT1 and NO· metabolism might become novel therapeutic targets in liver steatosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenylalanine Ammonia‐Lyase‐Catalyzed Deamination of an Acyclic Amino Acid: Enzyme Mechanistic Studies Aided by a Novel Microreactor Filled with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Weiser Diána , Bencze László Csaba , Bánóczi Gergely , Ender Ferenc , Kiss Róbert , Kókai Eszter , Szilágyi András , Vértessy Beáta G. , Farkas Ödön , Paizs Csaba , Poppe László 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), found in many organisms, catalyzes the deamination of l‐phenylalanine (Phe) to (E)‐cinnamate by the aid of its MIO prosthetic group. By using PAL immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and fixed in a microfluidic reactor with an in‐line UV detector, we demonstrated that PAL can catalyze ammonia elimination from the acyclic propargylglycine (PG) to yield (E)‐pent‐2‐ene‐4‐ynoate. This highlights new opportunities to extend MIO enzymes towards acyclic substrates. As PG is acyclic, its deamination cannot involve a Friedel–Crafts‐type attack at an aromatic ring. The reversibility of the PAL reaction, demonstrated by the ammonia addition to (E)‐pent‐2‐ene‐4‐ynoate yielding enantiopure l‐PG, contradicts the proposed highly exothermic single‐step mechanism. Computations with the QM/MM models of the N‐MIO intermediates from l‐PG and l‐Phe in PAL show similar arrangements within the active site, thus supporting a mechanism via the N‐MIO intermediate.
Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Mao Jian‐Qiang , Yu Min , Dong Li‐Ya , Fan Yong‐Liang , Lv Zhi‐Qian , Xiao Ming‐Di , Yuan Zhong‐xiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHyperlipidemia has been shown to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development and cell proliferation. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats fed with high‐fat or normal diet for 12 weeks were sacrificed, and the thoracic aorta was harvested to determine wnt3a, β‐catenin, T‐cell factor 4 (TCF4), and cyclin D1 expressions. VSMC proliferation within thoracic aorta and lipid accumulation within VSMCs were detected. Rat aortic VSMCs were cultured in serum from rats with hyperlipidemia or DKK‐1; Wnt3a, β‐catenin, TCF4, and cyclin D1 expressions, and cell cycle distribution were determined. The findings demonstrated that increased number of VSMCs, lipid droplets, and vacuoles within thoracic aorta in the high‐fat‐fed group. Compared with controls, VSMCs from high‐fat‐fed rats showed higher mRNA expressions of wnt3a, β‐catenin, TCF4, and cyclin D1, as well as in VSMCs cultured with hyperlipidemic serum. After 24 h, VSMCs stimulated with hyperlipidemic serum showed significantly increased cell number and S‐phase entry compared with cells exposed to normolipidemic serum. These effects were blocked by DKK‐1. These results suggest that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays an important role in hyperlipidemia‐induced VSMC proliferation.