bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lahar infrasound associated with Volcán Villarrica's 3 March 2015 eruption
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey B. , Palma Jose L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe paroxysmal 2015 eruption of Volcán Villarrica (Chile) produced a 2.5 h long lahar, which descended more than 20 km within the Rio Correntoso/Turbio drainage and destroyed two small bridges. A three‐element infrasound array 10 km from the summit, and 4 km from the lahar's closest approach, was used to study the flow's progression. Array processing using cross‐correlation lag times and semblance places constraints on the lahar's dynamics, including detection of an initial flow pulse that traveled from 2 to 12 km at an average speed of 38 m/s. Subsequently, the lahar signal evolved to a relatively stationary infrasonic tremor located 10 to 12 km from the vent and adjacent to a topographic notch, through which sound may have preferentially diffracted toward the recording site. This study demonstrates the powerful capabilities of infrasound arrays for lahar study and suggests their potential application for future hazard monitoring.
Stochastic modeling of solute transport in aquifers: From heterogeneity characterization to risk analysis
Authors: Fiori A. , Bellin A. , Cvetkovic V. , de Barros F. P. J. , Dagan G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe article presents a few recent developments advanced by the authors in a few key areas of stochastic modeling of solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers. First, a brief review of the Lagrangian approach to modeling plumes longitudinal mass distribution and temporal (the breakthrough curve) mass arrival, is presented. Subsequently, transport in highly heterogeneous aquifers is analyzed by using a recently developed predictive model. It relates the non‐Gaussian BTC to the permeability univariate pdf and integral scale, with application to the MADE field observations. Next, the approach is extended to transport of reactive solute, combinnig the effects of the random velocity field and multirate mass transfer on the BTC, with application to mass attenuation. The following topic is modeling of the local concentration field as affected by mixing and dilution due to pore scale dispersion. The results are applied to the analysis of concentration measurements at the Cape Cod field experiment. The last section incorporates the results of the preceding ones in health risk assessment by analyzing the impact of concentration prediction on risk uncertainty. It is illustrated by assessing the effect of identification of macrodispersivity from field characterization and transport modeling, upon the probability of health risk.
The effect of antibiotics on the microbiome in acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Merkley Mark A. , Bice Tristan C. , Grier Alex , Strohl Alexis M. , Man Li‐Xing , Gill Steven R. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCurrent treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is driven by identification of predominant bacteria using culture‐based methods and determination of antibiotic sensitivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the sinonasal microbiome to antibiotic therapy in the setting of an acute exacerbation of CRS.MethodsAspirate and swab samples for culture and DNA analysis were collected bilaterally from 8 CRS patients presenting with acute exacerbations. Patients were started on a 2‐week course of a culture‐directed antibiotic after sensitivities were determined. Repeat samples were taken immediately on the completion of treatment. DNA was extracted from each sample, amplified using bacterial 16S primers and sequenced. Bacterial abundance was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Diversity metrics of the microbiota between pretreatment and posttreatment samples were calculated.ResultsThere was significantly more bacterial DNA present in the pretreatment group than in the posttreatment group. An increase in α‐diversity was found in the posttreatment group relative to the pretreatment group (p < 0.05 in each comparison) with swab sampling, but not by aspirate sampling. The predominant organism identified by 16S sequencing correlated with the culture‐identified bacteria genus in each patient.ConclusionSignificant differences exist in the diversity of bacteria populations during acute exacerbations of CRS and after antimicrobial treatment. After therapy, the increase in diversity is accompanied by a decrease in the total of abundance of the bacterial population.
Recessive ITPA mutations cause an early infantile encephalopathy
Authors: Kevelam Sietske H. , Bierau Jörgen , Salvarinova Ramona , Agrawal Shakti , Honzik Tomas , Visser Dennis , Weiss Marjan M. , Salomons Gajja S. , Abbink Truus E. M. , Waisfisz Quinten , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo identify the etiology of a novel, heritable encephalopathy in a small group of patients.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern analysis was used to select patients with the same pattern. Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed to find the causal gene mutations.ResultsSeven patients from 4 families (2 consanguineous) were identified with a similar MRI pattern characterized by T2 signal abnormalities and diffusion restriction in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, often also optic radiation, brainstem tracts, and cerebellar white matter, in combination with delayed myelination and progressive brain atrophy. Patients presented with early infantile onset encephalopathy characterized by progressive microcephaly, seizures, variable cardiac defects, and early death. Metabolic testing was unrevealing. Single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed 1 overlapping homozygous region on chromosome 20 in the consanguineous families. In all patients, WES subsequently revealed recessive predicted loss of function mutations in ITPA, encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase). ITPase activity in patients' erythrocytes and fibroblasts was severely reduced.InterpretationUntil now ITPA variants have only been associated with adverse reactions to specific drugs. This is the first report associating ITPA mutations with a human disorder. ITPase is important in purine metabolism because it removes noncanonical nucleotides from the cellular nucleotide pool. Toxicity of accumulated noncanonical nucleotides, leading to neuronal apoptosis and interference with proteins normally using adenosine triphosphate/guanosine triphosphate, probably explains the disease. This study confirms that combining MRI pattern recognition to define small, homogeneous patient groups with WES is a powerful approach for providing a fast diagnosis in patients with an unclassified genetic encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2015;78:649–658
An Inexpensive and Recyclable Silver‐Foil Catalyst for the Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Diazoacetates under Mechanochemical Conditions
Authors: Chen Longrui , Bovee Mark O. , Lemma Betsegaw E. , Keithley Kimberlee S. M. , Pilson Sara L. , Coleman Michael G. , Mack James 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe diastereoselective cyclopropanation of various alkenes with diazoacetate derivatives can be achieved under mechanochemical conditions using metallic silver foil and a stainless‐steel vial and ball system. This solvent‐free method displays analogous reactivity and selectivity to solution‐phase reactions without the need for slow diazoacetate addition or an inert atmosphere. The heterogeneous silver‐foil catalyst system is easily recyclable without any appreciable loss of activity or selectivity being observed. The cyclopropanation products were obtained with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 98:2 d.r.) and in high yields (up to 96 %).
Highly Selective Hydrodecarbonylation of Oleic Acid into n‐Heptadecane over a Supported Nickel/Zinc Oxide–Alumina Catalyst
Authors: Li Guangci , Zhang Feng , Chen Lei , Zhang Chuanhui , Huang He , Li Xuebing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe production of second‐generation biodiesel with triglycerides or their derivatives through hydroprocessing is considered as a promising approach to make transportation fuels. In this study, a series of Ni‐based catalysts supported on basic composite oxides (MO‐Al2O3, M=Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn) were prepared for the catalytic deoxygenation of oleic acid in the presence of H2. Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 exhibited the highest deoxygenation activity and alkane selectivity, which depended on its moderate basicity. Investigations of the reaction conditions, which include reaction time, reaction temperature, H2 pressure, and Ni loading, suggested that n‐heptadecane was the predominant product and its content increased with reaction temperature. The reaction temperature was more important than H2 pressure in the catalytic deoxygenation of oleic acid. Additionally, the overall reaction pathways for the conversion of oleic acid were proposed based on the product distribution for different durations and reaction rates of stearic acid, 1‐octadecanol, and stearyl stearate, in which the oxygen atoms in the oleic acid were mainly removed in the form of CO through a hydrogenation–dehydrogenation–decarbonylation reaction route. If glycerol trioleate was used instead of oleic acid, Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 exhibited a high hydrodecarbonylation activity and selectivity to n‐heptadecane.
Effect of the Peptidic Scaffold in Copper(II) Coordination and the Redox Properties of Short Histidine‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Fragoso Ana , Carvalho Tiago , Rousselot‐Pailley Pierre , Correia dos Santos Margarida M. , Delgado Rita , Iranzo Olga 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA linear decapeptide containing three His and one Asp residues and a β‐turn‐inducing dProPro unit was synthesised. A detailed potentiometric, mass spectrometric and spectroscopic study showed that at a 1:1 ratio of CCu/Cpeptide this peptide formed a major [CuH(OdProAsp)]2+ species (pH range 5.5–7.0), in which the Cu2+ ion was bound to the His and Asp residues in square‐planar or square‐pyramidal geometries. The stability constant corrected for protonated species (log K*=9.33) is almost equal to the value obtained for the parent [CuH(OAsp)]2+ species (log K*CuH(O‐Asp)=9.28), but lower than that obtained for the cyclic [CuH(CAsp)]2+ complex (log K*CuH(C‐Asp)=10.79) previously published. Thus, the replacement of the ProGly unit by the stronger β‐turn‐inducing dProPro unit did not generate a more stable copper(II) species, although the OdProAsp peptide was structured in solution, as shown by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the calculated value of Keff showed that this peptide behaved similarly to the OAsp or CAsp counterparts, depending on the pH value. The cyclic voltammetry data indicated that the most easily reducible species were [CuH(OAsp)]2+ (E′0=262 mV versus a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)) and [CuH(OdProAsp)]2+ (E′0=294 mV versus NHE) complexes, the peptidic scaffolds of which are open. A lower value was obtained for [CuH(CAsp)]2+ (E′0=24 mV versus NHE). A different degree of non‐reversibility was observed for the three copper(II) complexes; this could reflect a different degree of flexibility in their respective peptidic scaffolds.
Effect of the Ancillary Ligands on the Spectral Properties and G‐Quadruplexes DNA Binding Behavior: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Shi Shuo , Gao Xing , Huang Hailiang , Zhao Juan , Yao Tianming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn an effort to explore the effect of ancillary ligands on the spectral properties and overall G‐quadruplex DNA binding behavior, two new ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(phen)2(dppzi)]2+ (1) and [Ru(dmp)2(dppzi)]2+ (2) (phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, dmp=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, dppzi=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine‐10,11‐imidazole) were prepared. Complex 1 can emit luminescence in the absence and presence of G‐quadruplexes DNA. However, with CH3 substituent on the 2‐ and 9‐positions of the phen ancillary ligand, no detectable luminescence is observed for complex 2 in any organic solvent or in the absence and/or presence of G‐quadruplex DNA. Experimental and molecular docking studies indicated that both complexes interacted with the human telomeric repeat AG3(T2AG3)3 (22AG) G‐quadruplex with the stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, but the two complexes showed different G‐quadruplex DNA binding affinity. Complex 1 binds to the G‐quadruplexes DNA more tightly than complex 2 does. Our results demonstrate that methyl groups on the phen ancillary ligand significantly affect the spectral properties and the overall DNA binding behavior of the complexes. Such difference in spectral properties and DNA binding affinities of these two complexes can be reasonably explained by DFT/TD‐DFT calculations. This work provides guidance not only on exploring the G‐quadruplexes DNA binding behavior of complexes, but also understanding the unique luminescence mechanism.
Borohydride Ionic Liquids as Hypergolic Fuels: A Quest for Improved Stability
Authors: Chand Deepak , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydrazine and its derivatives are used as fuels in rocket propellant systems; however, due to high vapor pressure, toxicity, and carcinogenicity, handling of such compounds is extremely hazardous. Hypergolic ionic liquids have shown great promise to become viable replacements for hydrazines as fuels. Borohydride‐containing ionic liquids have now been synthesized using a more efficient synthetic pathway that does not require liquid ammonia and halide precursors. Among the eight new compounds, 1‐allyl‐3‐n‐butyl‐imidazolium borohydride (1) and 1, 3‐diallylimidazolium borohydride (5) exhibit very short ignition‐delay times (ID) of 8 and 3 ms, respectively. The hydrolytic stability of borohydride compounds has been greatly improved by attaching long‐chain alkyl substituents to the imidazole ring. 1,3‐Di‐(n‐octyl)‐imidazolium borohydride (3) is a water stable borohydride‐containing ionic liquid. 1,3‐Di‐(n‐butyl)‐imidazolium borohydride (2) is a unique example of a borohydride liquid crystal. These ionic liquids have some unusual advantages, including negligible vapor pressures, good ignition delay (ID) times, and reduced synthetic and storage costs, thereby showing good application potential as environmentally friendly fuels in bipropellant formulations. In addition, they also have potential applications in the form of reducing agents and hydrogen storage materials.
Kinetics study on the capture of elemental mercury in flue gas by KI‐impregnated clays
Authors: Shen Boxiong , Li Zhuo , Chen Jianhong , Singh Surjit , He Chuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo understand the capture of elemental mercury (Hg0) on potassium iodide‐impregnated clays, a variety of kinetic models including pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze the experimental data and discuss the mechanism. A strong correlation was observed between the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the experimental data for a range of parameters (KI loading, adsorption temperatures, and O2 concentrations). This suggests that chemisorption may be a rate‐limiting mechanism during the adsorption process on KI clays. Further, the results of the pseudo‐first‐order model and the intraparticle diffusion model both indicate that mass transfer limitations should not be ignored during the initial stage of adsorption. Thermodynamic investigation shows that the adsorption reaction of Hg0 on the KI clays is inherently spontaneous and endothermic, corresponding to a process involving both physisorption and chemisorption, and the chemisorption is the dominant adsorption.
Flexible risk‐adjusted surveillance procedures for autocorrelated binary series
Authors: Gombay Edit , Hussein Abdulkadir A. , Steiner Stefan H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRisk‐adjusted cumulative sum (RACUSUM) charts are popular for the surveillance of binary health care outcomes such as 30‐day mortality rates following cardiac surgery. RACUSUM charts are built on the assumptions that the binary outcomes are independent and the baseline rates are known constants. However, these two assumptions are often violated, thus undermining the validity of the surveillance procedure. In this paper, the authors propose risk‐adjusted surveillance procedures using a binary logistic regression model which allows ‐type autocorrelations among the binary outcomes. Two versions are presented: one with known, the other with estimated baseline parameters. The authors use Monte Carlo experiments to evaluate the power and the probability of false alarm (Type I error) of the surveillance procedures. Data on 30‐day mortality rates following cardiac surgery are used for illustration. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 403–419; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Axon terminals from the nucleus isthmi pars parvocellularis control the ascending retinotectofugal output through direct synaptic contact with tectal ganglion cell dendrites
Authors: González‐Cabrera Cristian , Garrido‐Charad Florencia , Mpodozis Jorge , Bolam J. Paul , Marín Gonzalo J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe optic tectum in birds and its homologue the superior colliculus in mammals both send major bilateral, nontopographic projections to the nucleus rotundus and caudal pulvinar, respectively. These projections originate from widefield tectal ganglion cells (TGCs) located in layer 13 in the avian tectum and in the lower superficial layers in the mammalian colliculus. The TGCs characteristically have monostratified arrays of brush‐like dendritic terminations and respond mostly to bidimensional motion or looming features. In birds, this TGC‐mediated tectofugal output is controlled by feedback signals from the nucleus isthmi pars parvocellularis (Ipc). The Ipc neurons display topographically organized axons that densely ramify in restricted columnar terminal fields overlapping various neural elements that could mediate this tectofugal control, including the retinal terminals and the TGC dendrites themselves. Whether the Ipc axons make synaptic contact with these or other tectal neural elements remains undetermined. We double labeled Ipc axons and their presumptive postsynaptic targets in the tectum of chickens (Gallus gallus) with neural tracers and performed an ultrastructural analysis. We found that the Ipc terminal boutons form glomerulus‐like structures in the superficial and intermediate tectal layers, establishing asymmetric synapses with several dendritic profiles. In these glomeruli, at least two of the postsynaptic dendrites originated from TGCs. We also found synaptic contacts between retinal terminals and TGC dendrites. These findings suggest that, in birds, Ipc axons control the ascending tectal outflow of retinal signals through direct synaptic contacts with the TGCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:362–379, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of cytoarchitectural landscapes in the mammalian isocortex: Sirenians (Trichechus manatus) in comparison with other mammals
Authors: Charvet Christine J. , Reep Roger L. , Finlay Barbara L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe isocortex of several primates and rodents shows a systematic increase in the number of neurons per unit of cortical surface area from its rostrolateral to caudomedial border. The steepness of the gradient in neuronal number and density is positively correlated with cortical volume. The relative duration of neurogenesis along the same rostrocaudal gradient predicts a substantial fraction of this variation in neuron number and laminar position, which is produced principally from layers II–IV neurons. However, virtually all of our quantitative knowledge about total and laminar variation in cortical neuron numbers and neurogenesis comes from rodents and primates, leaving whole taxonomic groups and many intermediate‐sized brains unexplored. Thus, the ubiquity in mammals of the covariation of longer cortical neurogenesis and increased cortical neuron number deriving from cortical layers II–IV is undetermined. To begin to address this gap, we examined the isocortex of the manatee using the optical disector method in sectioned tissue, and also assembled partial data from published reports of the domestic cat brain. The manatee isocortex has relatively fewer neurons per total volume, and fewer II–IV neurons than primates with equivalently sized brains. The gradient in number of neurons from the rostral to the caudal pole is intermediate between primates and rodents, and, like those species, is observed only in the upper cortical layers. The cat isocortex (Felis domesticus) shows a similar structure. Key species for further tests of the origin, ubiquity, and significance of this organizational feature are discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:772–782, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental validation of a nonlinear μFE model based on cohesive‐frictional plasticity for trabecular bone
Authors: Schwiedrzik J. , Gross T. , Bina M. , Pretterklieber M. , Zysset P. , Pahr D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTrabecular bone is a porous mineralized tissue playing a major load bearing role in the human body. Prediction of age‐related and disease‐related fractures and the behavior of bone implant systems needs a thorough understanding of its structure–mechanical property relationships, which can be obtained using microcomputed tomography‐based finite element modeling. In this study, a nonlinear model for trabecular bone as a cohesive‐frictional material was implemented in a large‐scale computational framework and validated by comparison of μFE simulations with experimental tests in uniaxial tension and compression. A good correspondence of stiffness and yield points between simulations and experiments was found for a wide range of bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in both tension and compression using a non‐calibrated, average set of material parameters. These results demonstrate the ability of the model to capture the effects leading to failure of bone for three anatomical sites and several donors, which may be used to determine the apparent behavior of trabecular bone and its evolution with age, disease, and treatment in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial fingerprint indexing: a combination of local and reconstructed global features
Authors: Zhou Wei , Hu Jiankun , Wang Song , Petersen Ian , Bennamoun Mohammed 
Published: July 2015

SummaryExisting work on partial fingerprint indexing attempts to make full use of the extracted features from the partial segments, such as singular points, minutiae, orientation field, and ridge count. However, singular points may not exist in partial fingerprints, and none of these features can form a complete set of feature vectors that can be used for matching with those derived from the corresponding full fingerprints for indexing. Our former work on fingerprint orientation model based on two‐dimensional Fourier expansion (FOMFE) coefficients‐based fingerprint indexing and global orientation field reconstruction has demonstrated the possibility of reconstructing a global feature vector for partial fingerprint indexing. In this paper, we design some novel features of minutiae triplets in addition to some commonly used features to constitute the local minutiae triplet features. Experiments carried out on fingerprint verification competition (FVC) 2000 DB2a, FVC 2002 DB1a, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SD 14 demonstrate the performance improvement after adding the new features to minutiae triplet feature set. We then propose to combine the reconstructed global feature and local minutiae triplet features to improve the performance of partial fingerprint indexing. Specifically, the minutiae triplet‐based indexing scheme and the FOMFE coefficients‐based indexing scheme are applied separately to generate two candidate lists; then, a fuzzy‐based fusion scheme is designed to generate the final candidate list for matching. Experiments carried out on the public database NIST SD 14 show that the proposed approach can improve the performance that has been achieved by individual partial fingerprint indexing algorithms before fusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.