bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic administration of non‐organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors before acute exposure to organophosphates: assessment using terbufos sulfone
Authors: Lorke Dietrich E. , Nurulain Syed M. , Hasan Mohamed Y. , Kuča Kamil , Petroianu Georg A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPoisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) poses a serious threat worldwide. OPC‐induced mortality can be significantly reduced by prophylactic administration of reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The only American Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved substance for such pre‐treatment (to soman exposure) is presently pyridostigmine, although its efficacy is controversial. In search for more efficacious and broad‐spectrum alternatives, we have assessed in vivo the mortality‐reducing efficacy of a group of five compounds with known AChE inhibitory activity (pyridostigmine, physostigmine, ranitidine, tacrine and K‐27), when given in equitoxic dosage (25% of LD01) 30 min before exposure to the OPC terbufos sulfone. Protection was quantified in rats by determining the relative risk of death (RR) using Cox analysis, with RR = 1 for animals given only terbufos sulfone, but no pre‐treatment. All tested AChE inhibitors reduced terbufos sulfone‐induced mortality significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with the non‐treatment group (RR = 1: terbufos sulfone only). Best in vivo protection from terbufos sulfone‐induced mortality was achieved, when K‐27 was given before terbufos sulfone exposure (RR = 0.06), which was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) superior to the pre‐treatment with all other tested compounds, for example tacrine (RR = 0.21), pyridostigmine (RR = 0.28), physostigmine (RR = 0.29) and ranitidine (RR = 0.33). The differences in efficacy between tacrine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine and ranitidine were not statistically significant. Prophylactic administration of an oxime (such as K‐27) in case of imminent OPC exposure may be a viable option. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human bone‐lineage cell responses to anisotropic Ti6Al4V surfaces are dependent on their maturation state
Authors: Calzado‐Martín Alicia , Crespo Lara , Saldaña Laura , Boré Alba , Gómez‐Barrena Enrique , Vilaboa Nuria 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article reports on the interactions of human bone cells, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow and osteoblasts (hOBs), with a submicron‐grooved Ti6Al4V alloy that promotes cell orientation in the direction of the anisotropy. Adhesion sites, actin and tubulin networks and fibronectin extracellular matrix of both cell types align with the direction of the grooves. hMSCs adhere at a higher rate on the patterned substrate than on the polished alloy, while no differences are found in hOBs attachment. Compared to the flat substrate, RhoA activity is higher in hMSCs and hOB cultured on the grooved alloy and treatment with C3 transferase leads to loss of organization of actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) activity of hMSCs is upregulated on the anisotropic samples, but not affected in hOBs. Treatment with hydroxyfasudil disrupts the alignment of adhesion sites in hMSCs but not in hOBs. When cells are cultured in media that support osteogenic maturation, OPN secretion increases in hMSCs on the anisotropic alloy and it remains unaffected in hOBs. Cell layer calcification proceeds to a same extent in hMSCs cultured on the two metallic surfaces but decreases in hOBs cultured on the patterned samples. Taken together, these results indicate that hOBs are less sensitive than hMSCs to the patterned Ti6Al4V alloy. This effect can be attributed to their different stages of cell maturation and may be mediated, at least in part, through ROCK signaling because its activity increases on hMSCs cultured on the patterned alloy, while hOBs fail to upregulate it. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3154–3166, 2014.
Molybdenum effect on the structure of SiO2–CaO–P2O5 bioactive xerogels and on their interface processes with simulated biofluids
Authors: Ponta Oana , Ciceo‐Lucacel Raluca , Vulpoi Adriana , Radu Teodora , Simon Simion 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe study is focused on synthesis, investigation of the structural and morphological changes induced by MoO3 addition, and thermal treatment, as well as in vitro characterization of a new sol–gel derived SiO2–CaO–P2O5 bioactive materials. The obtained systems are composite materials consisting of nanocrystalline apatite, bioactive glass and CaMoO4 nanoparticles, which are of interest for both regenerative medicine and specific medical applications of the releasable molybdenum ions. The changes induced by the thermal treatments and MoO3 addition with respect to the structure and morphology were completed using differential thermal analysis\thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The biological performance of these materials was evaluated in vitro by performing bioactivity and biocompatibility tests. The bioactive properties in terms of hydroxyapatite layer formation on the biomaterial surface after simulated body fluid immersion were studied by XRD and SEM. To establish their biocompatibility, the biomaterials surface was functionalized with protein and the resulted sample was investigated using SEM, FTIR, and XPS. The obtained results suggest that the addition of molybdenum oxide in proper concentration improves the biocompatibility in terms of enhancement of protein adherence on Si–Ca–P surface due to CaMoO4 crystalline phase development and does not inhibit bioactivity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3177–3185, 2014.
Treasurers, Bribery, and the FCPA: Is There a Better Way?
Authors: Shapiro David M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTreasurers are responsible for assessing and mitigating corruption risk. And with the rise of globaliza‐tion, the problem of bribery has become wider. However, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)—designed to fight bribery—actually puts U.S. companies at an unfair disadvantage. Is there a more rational alternative to the flawed FCPA that would work? © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy, function, and evolution of jaw and hyobranchial muscles in cryptobranchoid salamander larvae
Authors: Kleinteich Thomas , Herzen Julia , Beckmann Felix , Matsui Masafumi , Haas Alexander 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLarval salamanders (Lissamphibia: Caudata) are known to be effective suction feeders in their aquatic environments, although they will eventually transform into terrestrial tongue feeding adults during metamorphosis. Early tetrapods may have had a similar biphasic life cycle and this makes larval salamanders a particularly interesting model to study the anatomy, function, development, and evolution of the feeding apparatus in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we provide a description of the muscles that are involved in the feeding strike in salamander larvae of the Hynobiidae and compare them to larvae of the paedomorphic Cryptobranchidae. We provide a functional and evolutionary interpretation for the observed muscle characters. The cranial muscles in larvae from species of the Hynobiidae and Cryptobranchidae are generally very similar. Most notable are the differences in the presence of the m. hyomandibularis, a muscle that connects the hyobranchial apparatus with the lower jaw. We found this muscle only in Onychodactylus japonicus (Hynobiidae) but not in other hynobiid or cryptobranchid salamanders. Interestingly, the m. hyomandibularis in O. japonicus originates from the ceratobranchial I and not the ceratohyal, and thus exhibits what was previously assumed to be the derived condition. Finally, we applied a biomechanical model to simulate suction feeding in larval salamanders. We provide evidence that a flattened shape of the hyobranchial apparatus in its resting position is beneficial for a fast and successful suction feeding strike. J. Morphol. 275:230–246, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic development of Zoraptera with special reference to external morphology, and its phylogenetic implications (Insecta)
Authors: Mashimo Yuta , Beutel Rolf G. , Dallai Romano , Lee Chow‐Yang , Machida Ryuichiro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe embryonic development of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera) is described with the main focus on its external features. A small heart‐shaped embryo is formed on the dorsal side of the egg by the fusion of paired blastoderm regions with higher cellular density. The orientation of its anteroposterior axis is opposed to that of the egg. This unusual condition shows the potential autapomorphy of Zoraptera. The embryo extends along the egg surface and after reaching its full length, it migrates into the yolk. After developing there for a period of time, it reappears on the surface, accompanied by a reversion of its anteroposterior axis, finally taking its position on the ventral side of the egg. The definitive dorsal closure completes, and the prelarva hatches after perforating the chorion with very long egg tooth formed on the embryonic cuticle. Embryological data suggest the placement of Zoraptera among the “lower neopteran” or polyneopteran lineage: features supporting this are embryo formation by the fusion of paired regions with higher cellular density and blastokinesis accompanied by full elongation of the embryo on the egg surface. The extraordinarily long egg tooth has potential synapomorphy with Embioptera or Eukinolabia (= Embioptera + Phasmatodea). Together with the results from our previous studies on the egg structure, male reproductive system and spermatozoa, the close affinity of Zoraptera with Eukinolabia appears likely, that is, a clade Zoraptera + (Embioptera + Phasmatodea). J. Morphol. 275:295–312, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An improved sea level forecasting scheme for hazards management in theUS‐affiliated Pacific Islands
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Rashed , Chu Pao‐Shin , Guard Charles Chip 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis study describes an improved seasonal sea level forecasting scheme by the PacificENSOApplications Climate Center (PEAC). Since 2005, an operational sea level forecasting scheme (3–5 months in advance) for the US‐affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) has been instrumental (http://www.prh.noaa.gov/peac/sea‐level.php). The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate cycle and the sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific Ocean are taken as the primary factors in modulating these forecasts on seasonal time scales. The currentSST‐based canonical correlations analysis (CCA) hindcast forecasts have been found to be skillful. However, the skill gradually decreases as the lead‐time increases. This has motivated us to revisit the forecasting scheme atPEAC. In contrast to previous endeavours which relied only onSSTs, we now incorporate both trade winds andSSTsfor modulating sea level variability on seasonal time scales.The average forecasts for zero to three seasons' lead‐times are found to be 0.647, 0.598, and 0.625 for combinedSSTand the zonal component of the trade wind (U),SST, and wind (U), respectively. It is therefore revealed that the combined SST‐wind‐based forecasts are more skillful than theSSTor wind‐based forecasts alone. It is particularly more efficient on longer time scales for most of the stations (e.g. 10–25% improvement on two to three seasons' lead‐times). The improvements of these forecasts have enabled the capability of our clients in theUSAPIregion to develop a more efficient long‐term response plan for hazard management.
A tool to assess the quality of a meta‐analysis
Authors: Higgins Julian P.T. , Lane Peter W. , Anagnostelis Betsy , Anzures‐Cabrera Judith , Baker Nigel F. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Haughie Scott , Hollis Sally , Lewis Steff C. , Moneuse Patrick , Whitehead Anne 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundBecause meta‐analyses are increasingly prevalent and cited in the medical literature, it is important that tools are available to assess their methodological quality. When performing an empirical study of the quality of published meta‐analyses, we found that existing tools did not place a strong emphasis on statistical and interpretational issues.MethodsWe developed a quality‐assessment tool using existing materials and expert judgment as a starting point, followed by multiple iterations of input from our working group, piloting, and discussion. After having used the tool for our empirical study, agreement for four key items in the tool was measured using weighted kappa coefficients.ResultsOur tool contained 43 items divided into four key areas (data sources, analysis of individual studies, meta‐analysis methods, and interpretation), and each area ended with a summary question. We also produced guidance for completing the tool. Agreement between raters was fair to moderate.ConclusionsThe tool should usefully inform subsequent initiatives to develop quality‐assessment tools for meta‐analysis. We advocate use of consensus between independent raters when assessing statistical appropriateness and adequacy of interpretation in meta‐analyses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Golden‐angle radial sparse parallel MRI: Combination of compressed sensing, parallel imaging, and golden‐angle radial sampling for fast and flexible dynamic volumetric MRI
Authors: Feng Li , Grimm Robert , Block Kai Tobias , Chandarana Hersh , Kim Sungheon , Xu Jian , Axel Leon , Sodickson Daniel K. , Otazo Ricardo 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo develop a fast and flexible free‐breathing dynamic volumetric MRI technique, iterative Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel MRI (iGRASP), that combines compressed sensing, parallel imaging, and golden‐angle radial sampling.MethodsRadial k‐space data are acquired continuously using the golden‐angle scheme and sorted into time series by grouping an arbitrary number of consecutive spokes into temporal frames. An iterative reconstruction procedure is then performed on the undersampled time series where joint multicoil sparsity is enforced by applying a total‐variation constraint along the temporal dimension. Required coil‐sensitivity profiles are obtained from the time‐averaged data.ResultsiGRASP achieved higher acceleration capability than either parallel imaging or coil‐by‐coil compressed sensing alone. It enabled dynamic volumetric imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution for various clinical applications, including free‐breathing dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging in the abdomen of both adult and pediatric patients, and in the breast and neck of adult patients.ConclusionThe high performance and flexibility provided by iGRASP can improve clinical studies that require robustness to motion and simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 72:707–717, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful management of Churg–Strauss syndrome using omalizumab as adjuvant immunomodulatory therapy: First documented pediatric case
Authors: Iglesias E. , Camacho Lovillo M. , Delgado Pecellín I. , Lirola Cruz M.J. , Falcón Neyra M.D. , Salazar Quero J.C. , Bernabeu‐Wittel J. , González Valencia J.P. , Neth O. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryChurg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is an anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis; it is extremely rare in childhood and defined according to the Chapel–Hill Consensus as an eosinophil‐rich and granulomatous inflammation involving the respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis affecting small to medium‐sized vessels. Children commonly have a history of asthma and sinusitis whilst clinical presentation typically involves pulmonary tract and less frequently skin, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and peripheral nerves. Cardiopulmonary disease is higher in children and prognosis is worse. It is associated with significant eosinophilia and raised serum IgE‐levels. ANCA are only found in 25% of childhood cases. Here we report the case of a 10‐year‐old girl who presented to us with vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss, paresthesias of lower extremities and breathlessness as well as a history of asthma, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. She was treated with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, intravenous immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and rituximab. However, remission was only achieved after initiation of omalizumab therapy, a recombinant humanized anti‐IgE antibody. To the best of our knowledge this is the first pediatric patient suffering from CSS successfully managed with adjuvant anti‐IgE therapy resulting in the control of respiratory as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E78–E81. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Realization of high‐efficiency deep‐UV LEDs using transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer
Authors: Maeda Noritoshi , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe demonstrated high‐efficiency deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV‐LEDs) by improving light‐extraction efficiency (LEE) by using a transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer and a highly‐reflective p‐type electrode. We fabricated DUV‐LEDs with emission wavelengths between 265‐288 nm using p‐AlGaN contact layers with compositional wavelength at around 275 nm. The reflectivity of p‐type electrode was increased to be approximately 70% by introducing Ni(1nm)/Al layers. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 287 nm LED was increased from 2% to 5.5% by replacing conventional p‐GaN contact layer by transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer. The increase of LEE was estimated to be by approximately more than 1.7 times. The use of transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer is considered to be basic and quite important technique in order to obtain high LEE in DUV LEDs. The EQE of DUV‐LED would be much increased by optimizing the device structure and by combining with other approaches to improve LEE. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of high‐Q nanocavity in three‐dimensional woodpile photonic crystal with vertically mirror‐symmetric structure
Authors: Fu Jiapeng , Tandaechanurat Aniwat , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report a simple design of high quality‐factor (Q) three‐dimensional woodpile photonic crystal (PC) nanocavity with vertically mirror‐symmetric structure, which can be realized by changing the stacking order of layers above the cavity layer from ordinary woodpile structures. A Q of 1.7×105 in the mirror‐symmetric structure was obtained with a relatively small PC size. This is ∼3.6 times as high as the maximum Q of the same nanocavity embedded in an ordinary woodpile structure of the same PC volume. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effective sensor deployment based on field information coverage in precision agriculture
Authors: An Wei , Ci Song , Luo Haiyan , Wu Dalei , Adamchuk Viacheslav , Sharif Hamid , Wang Xueyi , Tang Hui 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCoverage is an importance issue in wireless sensor networks. In this work, we first propose a novel notion of information coverage, which refers to the coverage efficiency of field information covered by deployed sensor nodes. On the basis of information coverage, we consider an optimization problem of how to partition the given field into multiple parcels and to deploy sensor nodes in some selected parcels such that the field information covered by the deployed sensor nodes meets the requirement. First, we develop two effective polynomial‐time algorithms to determine the deployed locations of source nodes for information 1‐coverage and q‐coverage of the field, respectively, without consideration of communication, where information q‐coverage implies that the field information in terms of information point is covered by at least q source nodes. Also, we prove the upper bound in the theoretical for the approximate solution derived by our proposed method. Second, another polynomial‐time algorithm is presented for deriving the deployed locations of relay nodes. In the theoretical, this proposed algorithm can achieve the minimized number of relay nodes. Further, the related information 1‐coverage algorithms are applied in our wireless sensor network‐based automatic irrigation project in precision agriculture. Experimental results show the major trade‐offs of impact factors in sensor deployment and significant performance improvements achieved by our proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of 1, 2‐Dihydrodisilanes at Platinum(0) Phosphine Complexes: Syntheses and Structures of Bissilyl Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Ahrens Theresia , Braun Thomas , Braun Beatrice 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe bissilyl complexes 3–6 were synthesized by reactions of the platinum(0) complexes [Pt(η2‐C2H4)(diphos)] (1: diphos = dppe; 2: diphos = dcpe) with the disilanes 1, 1,2, 2‐tetramethyldisilane and 1, 1,2, 2‐tetraphenyldisilane via Si–Si bond activation. The molecular structures of 4 and 5 in the solid state are reported. The reaction of 2 with HPh2SiSiPh2H led to the immediate formation of the hydrido disilanyl complex [Pt(H)(SiPh2SiPh2H)(dcpe)] (7), which converts slowly into the bissilyl complex [Pt(SiHPh2)2(dcpe)] (6). The latter was reported before to be a η2‐disilene complex.
Epsilon‐aminocaproic Acid Improves Postrecirculation Hemodynamics by Reducing Intraliver Activated Protein C Consumption in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kong H. Y. , Wen X. H. , Huang S. Q. , Zhu S. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground
Activated protein C (APC) is related to regulating the inflammatory response and hemodynamic stability upon reperfusion in cardiac operations and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) is frequently used to treat fibrinolysis during OLT. It also has inhibitory effects related to the inflammatory response. However, it remains to be determined whether EACA can attenuate intraliver APC consumption and improve hemodynamic stability after reperfusion during OLT.MethodsFifty‐nine recipients were randomized to receive either EACA (150 mg kg−1 given intravenously prior to incision, followed by 15 mg kg−1 h−1 infusion until 2 h after the graft reperfusion) or the same volume of saline. Blood samples to assess plasma APC and protein C were obtained immediately before and after reperfusion from the inferior caval effluent or the portal veins for calculation of transliver differences (Δ). Hemodynamics and vasoactive medication use during the reperfusion period were observed in both groups.ResultsNo transhepatic changes in protein C were found in either group. Immediately after reperfusion, a marked intraliver consumption of APC was noted in all recipients (P < 0.001), and intraliver consumption of APC in the control group was greater than that in the EACA‐treated group (P < 0.05). Fewer requirements for vasoactive medication use after reperfusion and better initial graft function were noted in the EACA‐treated group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEACA can attenuate intraliver APC consumption and improve hemodynamic stability after reperfusion and initial graft function during OLT.