bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream chemical dynamic and metal accumulation in a temperate watershed affected by agricultural practices (Penzé, NW France)
Authors: Waeles Matthieu , Pernet‐Coudrier Benoit , Rouget Marie‐Laure , Liorzou Céline , Riso Ricardo D. 
Published: August 2015

RationaleUnderstanding the fate of metals in agricultural land is an important issue for agronomic sustainability. This study aimed at quantifying the export/retention of metals in a temperate watershed subject to important manuring activities.MethodsThe chemical composition of the Penzé stream was examined at high resolution during a 1‐year study in 2012. After immediate on‐site filtration, here demonstrated as necessary to avoid modification of the dissolved‐particulate partition, the concentrations of 21 elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry and ICP mass spectrometry. This dataset was extended with the local atmospheric deposition of several metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) monitored on a monthly basis.ResultsTwo groups were distinguished according to the evolution of the concentrations during floods. Some major cations (Na, Ca, Mg, Sr, K, Ba) and nitrate followed counter‐clockwise hysteresis patterns originating from the dilution of the enriched groundwaters by surface waters. Conversely, Al, Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and U displayed high dissolved concentration increases at the early stage of floods due to washing out of the enriched soils.ConclusionsThe comparison of stream output fluxes for the two main inputs for the watershed, i.e. atmospheric deposition and manure spreading, indicates that the vast majority of the Cu and Zn (>99 and 96%, respectively), mainly originating from pig manure, is accumulated in the watershed. The accumulation rates for other metals were >60% for Ni and Cr, >75% for As and >90% for Pb and Cd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active disturbance rejection control approach to stabilization of lower triangular systems with uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Liang , Guo Bao‐Zhu 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we apply the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to stabilization for lower triangular nonlinear systems with large uncertainties. We first design an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate the state and the uncertainty, in real time, simultaneously. The constant gain and the time‐varying gain are used in ESO design separately. The uncertainty is then compensated in the feedback loop. The practical stability for the closed‐loop system with constant gain ESO and the asymptotic stability with time‐varying gain ESO are proven. The constant gain ESO can deal with larger class of nonlinear systems but causes the peaking value near the initial stage that can be reduced significantly by time‐varying gain ESO. The nature of estimation/cancelation makes the ADRC very different from high‐gain control where the high gain is used in both observer and feedback. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
South–South Technology Transfer of Low‐Carbon Innovation: Large Chinese Hydropower Dams in Cambodia
Authors: Urban Frauke , Siciliano Giuseppina , Sour Kim , Lonn Pich Dara , Tan‐Mullins May , Mang Grace 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTLarge dams have been controversially debated for decades due to their large‐scale and often irreversible social and environmental impacts. In the pursuit of low‐carbon energy and climate change mitigation, hydropower is experiencing a new renaissance. At the forefront of this renaissance are Chinese actors as the world's largest hydropower dam‐builders. This paper aims to discuss the role of South–South technology transfer of low‐carbon energy innovation and its opportunities and barriers by using a case study of the first large Chinese‐funded and Chinese‐built dam in Cambodia. Using the Kamchay Dam as an example, the paper finds that technology transfer can only be fully successful when host governments and organizations have the capacity to absorb new technologies. The paper also finds that technology transfer in the dam sector needs to go beyond hardware and focus more on the transfer of expertise, skills and knowledge to enable long‐term sustainable development. © 2016 The Authors Sustainable Development published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model for wind speed modeling and forecasting
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Brouste Alexandre 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe propose a dynamic model for the squared norm of the wind speed which is a Markov diffusion process. It presents several advantages. Since the transition probability densities are in closed form, it can be calibrated with the maximum likelihood method. It presents nice modeling features both in terms of marginal probability density function and temporal correlation. We have tested the model with real wind speed data set provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The model fits very well with the data. Besides, we obtained a very good performance in forecasting wind speed at short term. This is an interesting perspective for operational use in industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of majority votes in statistical learning
Authors: Zhu Mu 
Published: August 2015

Today, algorithms such as the gradient boosting machine and the random forest are among the most competitive tools in prediction contests. We review how these algorithms came about. The basic underlying idea is to aggregate predictions from a diverse collection of models. We also explore a few very diverse directions in which the basic idea has evolved, and clarify some common misconceptions that grew as the idea steadily gained its popularity.WIREs Comput Stat2015, 7:357–371. doi: 10.1002/wics.1362This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
A data management system for long‐term natural resource monitoring and management projects with multiple cooperators
Authors: Hunt Victoria M. , Jacobi Sarah K. , Knutson Melinda G. , Lonsdorf Eric V. , Papon Shawn , Zorn Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCollection, processing, and long‐term storage of data for broad‐scale, collaborative natural resource monitoring and management projects poses technical and administrative challenges that, if not properly addressed, result in suboptimal management and learning. Data from many cooperators, often spanning multiple organizations, must be efficiently centralized and processed, and must be consistent in content and quality over the lifespan of such projects. We present a data management system for natural resource monitoring and management consisting of 2 components: a centralized, web‐based platform for data entry and a connected relational database for data processing, modeling, and analysis. After the data management system has been customized to meet the needs of a specific project, operation and system maintenance require minimal external technical support, making it suitable for long‐term projects that face potential staffing and budgeting constraints. We discuss the scope of projects for which this approach is applicable and document 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service adaptive management case studies demonstrating this data management system: 1) Native Prairie Adaptive Management, and 2) Wetland Restoration and Sediment Removal. The standardized approach presented within is broadly applicable in collaborative natural resource monitoring and management settings and has the potential to improve management outcomes and facilitate deeper ecological understanding of systems being managed. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Data and information management for the monitoring of biodiversity in Alberta
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Morrison Shawn F. , Kariyeva Jahan , Schieck Jim , Haughland Diane L. , Azeria Ermias T. , Cobb Tyler , Hinchliffe Robert , Kittson Jillian , Mcintosh Anne C. S. , Narwani Tara , Pierossi Paola , Roy Marie‐Claude , Sandybayev Turar , Boutin Stan , Bayne Erin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute (ABMI) monitors large‐scale responses of biodiversity to environmental change in Alberta, Canada, based on standardized and ongoing data collection. In this case study, we show that such a standardized monitoring system has many data management challenges. In the almost 20 years since the conception of the Institute, we have identified 4 key characteristics that are required for large‐scale, long‐term biodiversity monitoring programs to be operational: 1) data must be publicly accessible; 2) methods and terminology must be standardized to facilitate consistency around data and information collection, analysis, and reporting; 3) the information system must be flexible so that components can be modified or added without compromising the functionality of the other components or the whole system; and 4) the system must be scalable so that it can support input, storage, and retrieval as data load increases. These characteristics are important to ensure that the products and tools generated from our monitoring program can support management at large spatial scales in the complex socio‐ecological system of Alberta. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Using camera‐trap photographs to identify individual fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tye Courtney A. , Greene Daniel U. , Giuliano William M. , Mccleery Robert A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in the southeastern United States have been difficult to survey because of their sparse distribution, large home ranges, and low capture success. Remote cameras have proven to be an effective tool for surveying larger mammals, including identifying individual animals using their unique markings. To test whether cameras can be used to identify individual fox squirrels in the southeastern United States, we 1) inspected digital photographs of fox squirrels; 2) identified variable pelage features for individual identification; 3) tested the ability of wildlife students and professionals to identify individuals; and 4) evaluated whether training improved participants' ability to identify individuals. We found that fox squirrels could be individually identified using a combination of sex and 10 variable pelage features, including the color morph, presence of an eye ring, distribution of white on the rostrum, and facial markings. In total, we developed ≥25,920 possible combinations of features to identify southeastern fox squirrels. We found survey participants were capable of identifying fox squirrels without training, but their average ability to do so increased significantly from 73.6% to 80.3% after training (t[df = 106] = 5.068, P < 0.001). The results from this study demonstrate that camera‐trapping, particularly when combined with training that focuses on which features vary between individuals, provides an alternative method to live‐trapping for population‐level studies of southeastern fox squirrels. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Zinc Complexes with Guanidine‐Pyridine Hybrid Ligands: Anion Effect and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Döring Artjom , Flörke Ulrich , Hoffmann Alexander , Jones Matthew D. , Kuckling Dirk , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Janna , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe guanidine‐pyridine ligands DMEGqu, TMGqu, and DMEGpy were reacted with zinc benzoate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc bromide, zinc tetrafluoroborate, and zinc d,l‐lactate in order obtain the corresponding complexes. The compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography and further characterized by NMR, IR, and MS measurements. All complexes were tested as initiators in the melt polymerization of d,l‐lactide and the influence of the anion effect was studied. The bis(chelate) tetrafluoroborate complex 7 exhibited the highest activity.
Pure Laparoscopic Versus Open Left Lateral Sectionectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Cheung Tan To , Poon Ronnie T. P. , Dai Wing Chiu , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Chan See Ching , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for liver lesions. However, most of the literatures only reported this treatment method on benign lesion or colorectal metastases. The data on long‐term outcome of laparoscopic left lateral section resection in patients with HCC and cirrhosis are still limited. The aim of this study is to analyze the survival outcome of laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy when compared to open approach in patients with HCCs.MethodBetween January 2004 and September 2014, 967 patients had primary HCC with hepatectomy performed. Twenty‐four patients had undergone pure laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty‐nine patients with case‐matched tumor characteristics and liver functions but received open left lateral sectionectomy for HCC were included for comparison.ResultsComparing laparoscopic group to open resection group, the median operation time was 190.5 versus 195 min (P = 0.734); the median blood loss was 100 versus 300 ml (P < 0.001). Hospital stay was 5 days in laparoscopic group versus 6 days in the open group (P = 0.057). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of complications (P = 0.495). The median survival in laparoscopic group was >115 months versus >125 months in the open group (P = 0.853).ConclusionLaparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy for HCC is a safe and simple procedure associated with less blood loss. The survival outcome is comparable with conventional open approach. It is becoming a more favorable treatment option even for patients with HCC and cirrhosis.
Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Metastasis of Glioblastoma
Authors: Tai Patricia , Dubey Arbind , Salim Muhammad , Vu Khanh , Koul Rashmi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground: When patients with cranial glioblastoma develop weakness, a rare differential diagnosis is spinal metastases. Methods: Chart and literature reviews were performed. Results: The reported patient had delayed onset spinal drop metastasis that was only detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 48-year-old patient had supratentorial glioblastoma, treated with radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent temozolomide followed by six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide. Four years after completion of all treatments (62 months from initial presentation), he developed low backache and weakness in both legs. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans demonstrated intracranial recurrence only. Spinal drop metastases were detected only by MRI scan. Local spinal RT 40 Gy in 20 fractions with concurrent and maintenance temozolomide were given. Because of disease progression after nine cycles of temozolomide, systemic therapy was changed to bevacizumab, which greatly improved his symptoms for 4 months before deterioration of mental status. He is still alive with disease at 22 months after diagnosis of spinal metastases (84 months from initial glioblastoma diagnosis). Conclusions: MRI is the diagnostic imaging of choice for spinal metastases. This illustrative case of delayed-onset spinal metastases shows unusual slow progression. Local RT, temozolomide, and targeted therapy may improve survival. This illustrative case is the first report of bevacizumab as a second-line therapy in drop metastasis of glioblastoma.
Epidemiology of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusBloodstream Coinfection Among Adults With Candidemia in Atlanta, GA, 2008–2012
Authors: Reno Jessica , Doshi Saumil , Tunali Amy K. , Stein Betsy , Farley Monica M. , Ray Susan M. , Jacob Jesse T. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDPatients with candidemia are at risk for other invasive infections, such as methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI).OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors for, and outcomes of, BSI in adults withCandidaspp. and MRSA at the same time or nearly the same time.DESIGNPopulation-based cohort study.SETTINGMetropolitan Atlanta, March 1, 2008, through November 30, 2012.PATIENTSAll residents withCandidaspp. or MRSA isolated from blood.METHODSThe Georgia Emerging Infections Program conducts active, population-based surveillance for candidemia and invasive MRSA. Medical records for patients with incident candidemia were reviewed to identify cases of MRSA coinfection, defined as incident MRSA BSI 30 days before or after candidemia. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with coinfection in patients with candidemia.RESULTSAmong 2,070 adult candidemia cases, 110 (5.3%) had coinfection within 30 days. Among these 110 coinfections, MRSA BSI usually preceded candidemia (60.9%; n=67) or occurred on the same day (20.0%; n=22). The incidence of coinfection per 100,000 population decreased from 1.12 to 0.53 between 2009 and 2012, paralleling the decreased incidence of all MRSA BSIs and candidemia. Thirty-day mortality was similarly high between coinfection cases and candidemia alone (45.2% vs 36.0%,P=.10). Only nursing home residence (odds ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.03–2.86]) predicted coinfection.CONCLUSIONSA small but important proportion of patients with candidemia have MRSA coinfection, suggesting that heightened awareness is warranted after 1 major BSI pathogen is identified. Nursing home residents should be targeted in BSI prevention efforts.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;36(11):1298–1304
The Clinical Impact of Ventilator-Associated Events: A Prospective Multi-Center Surveillance Study
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Cai Lin , Ma Chunhua , Zeng Hongmei , Guo Hua , Mao Xiaoqing , Zeng Chenghui , Li Xiaohong , Zhao Hua , Liu Yongfang , Liu Shilian , Sun Juhua , Zhang Ling , Peng Tingyong , Dong Mina , Chen Liping , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVEThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed an approach to ventilator-associated events (VAE) surveillance. Using these methods, this study was performed to investigate VAE incidences and to test whether VAEs are associated with poorer outcomes in China.DESIGNA 4-month, prospective multicenter surveillance study between April and July 2013.SETTINGOur study included 15 adult intensive care units (ICUs) of 15 hospitals in China.PATIENTSPatients admitted to ICUs during the study periodMETHODSPatients on mechanical ventilation (MV) were monitored for VAEs: ventilator-associated conditions (VACs), infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVACs), and possible or probable ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Patients with and without VACs were compared with regard to duration of MV, ICU length of stay (LOS), overall hospital LOS, and mortality rate.RESULTSDuring the study period, 2,356 of the 5,256 patients admitted to ICUs received MV for 8,438 ventilator days. Of these patients, 636 were on MV >2 days. VACs were identified in 94 cases (4.0%; 11.1 cases per 1,000 ventilator days), including 31 patients with IVACs and 16 with possible VAP but none with probable VAP. Compared with patients without VACs, patients with VACs had longer ICU LOS (by 6.2 days), longer duration on MV (by 7.7 days), and higher hospital mortality rate (50.0% vs 27.3%). The mortality rate attributable to VACs was 11.7%. Compared with those with VACs alone, patients with IVACs had longer duration on MV and increased ICU LOS but no higher mortality rates.CONCLUSIONSIn China, surveillance of VACs and IVACs is able to identify MV patients with poorer outcomes. However, surveillance of possible and probable VAP can be problematic.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1388–1395
PARLIAMENTARY REWARDS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE PATENT SYSTEM
Authors: Burrell Robert , Kelly Catherine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article examines the impact on the patent system of rewards for innovation across the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. During this period, Parliament would regularly grant rewards to inventors, with many of these rewards being set out in legislation. This legislation provided Parliament with the opportunity to promote a model of state support for inventors: a model that made public disclosure of the invention a precondition for assistance. This had important implications for patent law, in particular, in helping to develop the role of the patent specification and the doctrine of sufficiency of disclosure. In this way, the reward system helped establish the framework under which the state would provide support for inventors. Simultaneously, however, the reward system created a space in which inventors would have to do more than meet the minimum requirement of public disclosure. Rewards allowed the state to distinguish between different classes of inventor and to make special provision for particularly worthy individuals. In this way, the reward system recognised the contribution of the “heroic inventor”, whilst leaving the core of the patent system undisturbed.
The stability and change of etiological influences on depression, anxiety symptoms and their co-occurrence across adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Waszczuk M. A. , Zavos H. M. S. , Gregory A. M. , Eley T. C. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Depression and anxiety persist within and across diagnostic boundaries. The manner in which common v. disorder-specific genetic and environmental influences operate across development to maintain internalizing disorders and their co-morbidity is unclear. This paper investigates the stability and change of etiological influences on depression, panic, generalized, separation and social anxiety symptoms, and their co-occurrence, across adolescence and young adulthood.Method.A total of 2619 twins/siblings prospectively reported symptoms of depression and anxiety at mean ages 15, 17 and 20 years.Results.Each symptom scale showed a similar pattern of moderate continuity across development, largely underpinned by genetic stability. New genetic influences contributing to change in the developmental course of the symptoms emerged at each time point. All symptom scales correlated moderately with one another over time. Genetic influences, both stable and time-specific, overlapped considerably between the scales. Non-shared environmental influences were largely time- and symptom-specific, but some contributed moderately to the stability of depression and anxiety symptom scales. These stable, longitudinal environmental influences were highly correlated between the symptoms.Conclusions.The results highlight both stable and dynamic etiology of depression and anxiety symptom scales. They provide preliminary evidence that stable as well as newly emerging genes contribute to the co-morbidity between depression and anxiety across adolescence and young adulthood. Conversely, environmental influences are largely time-specific and contribute to change in symptoms over time. The results inform molecular genetics research and transdiagnostic treatment and prevention approaches.