bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DANS L’AIR DU TEMPS. SPLENDEUR DE LA VÉRITÉ ET SPLENDEUR DES FAUSSES NOUVELLES
Authors: Pouliot Étienne 
Published: July 2024

Comment s’éclaire le problème de la vérité si on ose comparer le phénomène des fausses nouvelles et l’encyclique La splendeur de la Vérité (Veritatis Splendor) de Jean-Paul II ? De tels positionnements, pourtant contraires et qui se renversent l’un l’autre, seront plutôt présentés comme le reflet de notre époque en raison d’une mentalité commune, d’un fonctionnement apparenté du discours. Pour ce faire, il convient de définir, de façon liminaire et paradigmatique, les enjeux du complexe procès de la vérité pour ensuite montrer en quoi les deux positions en vue participent au même fondationalisme. Le fondationalisme domine encore largement notre pensée moderne et ces effets en postmodernité s’avèrent on ne peut plus problématiques… malgré toute splendeur ou précisément à cause d’elle.
Le défi nativiste à la démocratie libérale1
Authors: Leyva Karel J. 
Published: July 2024

Cet article examine certaines implications du nativisme pour la démocratie libérale. Il révèle que les catégories de « natif » et d’« étranger » résultent d’une construction socio-politique ayant des répercussions significatives sur ce régime. L’étude se penche sur la compréhension du concept de demos par les défenseurs du nativisme, ces derniers remettant en question les fondements de la citoyenneté démocratique. De plus, elle explore l’influence du majoritarisme nativiste sur les droits des minorités et examine le rôle du nativisme dans la polarisation politique. Cette recherche contribue à éclairer un domaine encore peu exploré et survient à un moment crucial, où la montée du nativisme soulève des questions urgentes sur la viabilité de la démocratie libérale.
Modeling HIV-HBV Co-infection Dynamics: Stochastic Differential Equations and Matlab Simulation with Euler-Maruyama Numerical Method
Authors: James Mirgichan Khobocha , Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Karanja Stephen , Muriungi Robert 
Published: July 2024

HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B co-infection complicates population dynamics and brings forth a wide range of clinical outcomes which makes it a difficult situation for public health. In particular designing treatment plans for the co-infection. A Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) model is a special class of a stochastic model with continuous parameter space and continuous state space. Deterministic model lacks randomness while an SDE model accounts for randomness and uncertainties. In this study, an SDE model was formulated from an existing deterministic model to examine the variability of dynamic behavior. The analysis and numerical schemes were derived based on Euler-Maruyama SDE algorithms. The model utilized epidemiological insights with current developments in mathematical modeling approaches to represent the interaction between these two viruses. Matlab software was used to obtain SDE numerical results alongside the deterministic solution. Descriptive statistics of the sample paths indicated that the variability of infection outcomes oscillates around the deterministic trajectory. None of the sample paths are absorbed during the time steps. This shows the persistence of the co-infection in the population, in particular The variability of the infections ranges between 1.972 and 202.4, being lowest in AIDS infectives and highest in acute Hepatitis B infectives. An indication that variability cannot be ignored in designing control interventions of co-infections. These results provide new insights into the dynamics of co-infection through in-depth research and simulation, which helps to understand the inherent nature of deterministic model by incorporating the stochastic effects. These understanding will further help the policy makers in health sector to take care of the variability and uncertainty in designing treatment and management strategies.
Ethnocentrism and globalization
Authors: Machida Satoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe concept of ethnocentrism is an old idea that was originally developed by. He argued that people have a natural tendency to believe in the intrinsic superiority of their nation, culture, or any other group to which they belong while simultaneously exhibiting feelings of dislike toward those who reside outside such “in‐groups.” This conceptualization of ethnocentrism has become an important analytical framework in the field of social psychology. Social identity theory, for example, which was developed by Tajfel and his colleagues, contends that individuals derive comfort, security, and positive self‐esteem from their in‐group and, therefore, seek to protect or enhance it while alienating out‐groups Along with these efforts to theorize about the notion of ethnocentrism, a large number of other studies have applied the concept of ethnocentrism to a variety of specific issues, including nationalism, attitudes toward policy, political tolerance, and consumer behavior. Thus, ethnocentrism has served as an essential analytical framework through which one can understand human behavior in group settings.
Desertification
Authors: Subramaniam Mangala , Bunka Christopher , Park Soon Seok 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The term “desertification” was first coined in 1949 by Aubreville when he examined changing tropical conditions in Africa. Scholars, policy‐makers, and development specialists adopted the term into their vocabulary, arguing for desertification as needing global political attention following the severe drought and associated famine in the Sudan‐Sahel region of Africa in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In response to the tragedy of the drought and ensuing famine, the United Nations Conference on Desertification (UNCOD) was convened by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1977. This conference also put in place a Global Plan of Action to Combat Desertification. Since then the subject has received attention in other forums, such as the meeting of the heads of state of the seven Economic Summit countries who agreed on the importance of addressing critical environmental problems such as desertification. The recent surge in publicity and concern about greenhouse warming and induced global climate change has also facilitated keeping the subject of desertification as a major topic among the world's citizens and decision‐makers. And now June 17 is marked as International Day against Desertification.
Xenophobia
Authors: Moosavi Leon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractXenophobia refers to a tendency to distrust, dislike, or be frightened of those people who are considered as foreign, strange, or different. The etymology stems from the Greek wordsxenosandphobos, which literally suggests “an irrational fear of strangers.” However, this literal understanding is not always expedient, because xenophobia may be irrational but could also have a rational basis, fear may be involved but it may not, and the targets of xenophobia may constitute strangers but at the same time they may have been rooted locally for a long time. Ultimately, xenophobia is an aversion to those whom one considers as originating and belonging elsewhere. It is a helpful term for understanding tensions that can exist between people, and has much in common with terms like racism, ethnocentrism, and prejudice. However, it is crucial to distinguish xenophobia from racism in particular as the two are often confused. Whereas racism is a negative attitude toward those who have a different physical appearance from oneself, xenophobia is about having a similar negative attitude toward those who are considered to have originated in a different place from oneself. Racism and xenophobia are often used interchangeably because they often coalesce, operate concurrently, and are characterized by a loathing of mixture between peoples and cultures that are imagined to be pristine.
Gender and violence prevention
Authors: Fèvre Chloë 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA gender perspective is crucial to a better analysis of violence and its solutions. A gender lens aims to show the differences between men and women and their relations when studying the causes and impact of violence and the solutions to it. It systematically questions the assumption that “male is the norm” found in a gender‐blind analysis, and thus contributes to correct a distorted reality. Young poor men across the world tend to embody urban violence. This is due to a certain understanding and way of measuring violence that make men disproportionately salient in statistics. These figures tend to be relayed by certain media that use them to caricature a complex situation, reinforcing previously existing assumptions. A gender analysis draws attention to these assumptions by looking at the relational aspects of violence. It does not deny the fact that young poor men are the main perpetrators and victims of lethal violence, but it does seek to go beyond that fact. It highlights the role of gender relationships and the role of women in causes and solutions to violence. As such, a gender analysis of urban violence leads to questioning the meaning, categorization, and measurement of violence, that is, the interpretation and hierarchy within different kinds of violence, to then assess the public policies that have been developed to address it.
Organic food
Authors: Smirnova Michelle 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Organic farming is a form of agricultural practice and industry that developed from grassroots into a burgeoning global phenomenon in the early twentieth century. The chemical‐free, holistic approach to farming arose in response to concerns about the ecological health of the environment and the health risks associated with extensive usage of technology in food agriculture, as well as the ability of industrialized farming systems to feed the world population adequately. Sociologists have approached organic farming from a variety of theoretical orientations and practical questions. Although farming has typically been a subject taken up by rural sociologists with a focus upon production, the study of organic food lies at an intersection of both production and consumption: consumers create the demands and desires that propel the agribusiness market and sustainable production. Consumption of organic food has been framed as “green,” “sustainable,” or “ethical” consumption, which is also understood as a form of political action. Political sociologists focus upon the concept of “the political consumer,” whose consumption choices may be attributed to their political intentions. On the other hand, economic sociologists view consumption choices as a rational choice behavior centered around costs and therefore seek to understand the market forces that help or thwart the business of organic farming. As the world becomes increasingly globalized, changes in food agriculture have caused farmers, consumers, and sociologists to question how these new forms of food production affect people's lives.
Co‐Percolating Graphene‐Wrapped Silver Nanowire Network for High Performance, Highly Stable, Transparent Conducting Electrodes
Authors: Chen Ruiyi , Das Suprem R. , Jeong Changwook , Khan Mohammad Ryyan , Janes David B. , Alam Muhammad A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTransparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) require high transparency and low sheet resistance for applications in photovoltaics, photodetectors, flat panel displays, touch screen devices and imagers. Indium tin oxide (ITO), or other transparent conductive oxides, have typically been used, and provide a baseline sheet resistance (RS) vs. transparency (T) relationship. However, ITO is relatively expensive (due to limited abundance of Indium), brittle, unstable, and inflexible; moreover, ITO transparency drops rapidly for wavelengths above 1000 nm. Motivated by a need for transparent conductors with comparable (or better) RS at a given T, as well as flexible structures, several alternative material systems have been investigated. Single‐layer graphene (SLG) or few‐layer graphene provide sufficiently high transparency (≈97% per layer) to be a potential replacement for ITO. However, large‐area synthesis approaches, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), typically yield films with relatively high sheet resistance due to small grain sizes and high‐resistance grain boundaries (HGBs). In this paper, we report a hybrid structure employing a CVD SLG film and a network of silver nanowires (AgNWs): RS as low as 22 Ω/□ (stabilized to 13 Ω/□ after 4 months) have been observed at high transparency (88% at λ = 550 nm) in hybrid structures employing relatively low‐cost commercial graphene with a starting RS of 770 Ω/□. This sheet resistance is superior to typical reported values for ITO, comparable to the best reported TCEs employing graphene and/or random nanowire networks, and the film properties exhibit impressive stability under mechanical pressure, mechanical bending and over time. The design is inspired by the theory of a co‐percolating network where conduction bottlenecks of a 2D film (e.g., SLG, MoS2) are circumvented by a 1D network (e.g., AgNWs, CNTs) and vice versa. The development of these high‐performance hybrid structures provides a route towards robust, scalable and low‐cost approaches for realizing high‐performance TCE.
The Role of Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Tune Daniel D. , Hennrich Frank , Dehm Simone , Klein Michael F. G. , Glaser Konstantin , Colsmann Alexander , Shapter Joseph G. , Lemmer Uli , Kappes Manfred M. , Krupke Ralph , Flavel Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of action of nanotube‐silicon heterojunction solar cells is under discussion with literature reports suggesting either p‐n or Schottky junction characteristics. The crux of the issue is whether the nanotubes contribute to the observed photocurrent or not. In order to further understand the mechanism of action of these solar cells, devices were fabricated using nanotubes sorted by (n,m) species, so that the excitonic transition is well defined and is outside the range of absorption of silicon and such that any contribution to the photocurrent from the nanotubes should be easily resolved from that of the silicon by analysis of the photocurrent spectrum. The devices exhibited the photocurrent spectra of silicon only, indicating that the nanotubes do not contribute to the photocurrent. However, by changing the back contact electrode material, results were obtained that appear to show such a contribution.
Shear strain and microscopic characterization of a bamboo bonding interface with poly(vinyl alcohol) modified phenol–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Guan Mingjie , Yong Cheng , Wang Lu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe study of the shear strain distribution at the bonding interface helped us to understand the bamboo bonding interface response mechanisms to solve problems of ply bamboo deformation or bonding failure. The shear strain distribution across a two‐ply bamboo sheet bonded with a ductile phenol–formaldehyde resin (PF) modified by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was measured by means of electronic speckle pattern interferometry, along with tensile strength measurements to prove the shear stain distribution on a macroscopic scale. This research effectively combined macroscopic mechanical properties with microcosmic interfacial mechanical properties. The shear strength and shear strain results showed that PF modified with 20% PVA performed better than common PF and PF modified with 5 and 10% PVA. Microscopic fluorescent characterization of the bonding interface also provided evidence that a new bonding mechanism was adequate for bamboo bonding under the ductile PF modified with 20% PVA. Moreover, we suppose that the results of this study will help in the choice of bamboo‐specific adhesives under different strain conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1345‐1350, 2013
Crosslinking behavior of polyarylene ether nitrile terminated with phthalonitrile (PEN‐t‐Ph)/1,3,5‐Tri‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy) benzene (TPh) system and its enhanced thermal stability
Authors: Tong Lifen , Pu Zejun , Huang Xu , Chen Zhiran , Yang Xulin , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA novel polyarylene ether nitrile terminated with phthalonitrile (PEN‐t‐Ph) was synthesized by a simple solution polycondensation of biphenyl and hydroquinone with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile, followed by termination with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. The PEN‐t‐Ph/1,3,5‐Tri‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy) benzene (TPh) system was prepared by cure treatment. The phthalonitrile on PEN‐t‐Ph were thermally crosslinked with TPh in the presence of diamino diphenyl sulfone through cure treatment up to 280–340°C, which led to the transformation from thermoplastic polymers to thermosetting polymers. This is because the phthalonitrile on the PEN‐t‐Ph can react with TPh by forming phthalocyanine ring. The glass transition temperatures of the PEN‐t‐Ph/TPh system increased from 152.4°C to 194.7°C, and the initial decomposition temperature (ranging from 475.3°C to 544.0°C) increased by 68°C after thermal curing. Therefore, their thermal properties can be greatly enhanced by crosslinking. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1363‐1368, 2013
Robust CRONE Design for a Variable Ratio Planetary Gearing in a Variable Speed Wind Turbine
Authors: Feytout Benjamin , Lanusse Patrick , Sabatier Jocelyn , Gracia Serge 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMost installed wind turbines have traditional architectures: doubly‐fed asynchronous machine or direct drive with full conversion, both containing several levels of control composed of PI controllers. In our application, a robust 3rd‐generation‐CRONE controller (CRONE approach is a robust control methodology based on fractional order differentiation) is used to manage a planetary gearing ratio upstream of a synchronous generator directly connected to the grid. Thus, the speed of the Low‐Speed Shaft is controlled and unlike other architectures, no system of power electronics is required for conversion.
Effect of cooling rate and gelatin concentration on the microstructural and mechanical properties of ice template gelatin scaffolds
Authors: Arabi Neda , Zamanian Ali 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the current study, a controlled unidirectional freeze casting method was employed to fabricate highly porous gelatin scaffolds. Different gelatin concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt% were dissolved in distilled water, and the constant value of glutaraldehyde cross‐linking agent (0.5 wt%) was added to the solution. Then, the solutions freeze casted at different cooling rates of 1, 3, and 6°C/Min and freeze dried. Finally, pore morphology, mechanical properties, and water adsorption characteristics of scaffolds were assessed. Results showed that the increase in gelatin concentration caused the pore shapes to change from oblate and polygon to almost round but the cooling rate had no obvious effect on pore morphology. Compressive strength of the scaffolds improved as a function of increase in cooling rate and gelatin concentration from 20 to 1,150 kPa. The value of water adsorption was decreased with augmentation in gelatin concentration and cooling rate in the range of 2,000%–500%. Therefore, this study suggests that the use of a controllable freeze casting method and cooling rate can tailor the pore morphology, mechanical properties, and water adsorption of gelatin scaffolds and could be a novel approach to avoid the use of a toxic dose of a cross‐linking agent like glutaraldehyde.
Technoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata, and sugarcane
Authors: Klein‐Marcuschamer Daniel , Turner Christopher , Allen Mark , Gray Peter , Dietzgen Ralf G , Gresshoff Peter M , Hankamer Ben , Heimann Kirsten , Scott Paul T , Stephens Evan , Speight Robert , Nielsen Lars K 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTechnoeconomic analysis of renewable aviation fuels has not been widely considered, despite the increasing global attention that the field has received. We present three process models for production of aviation‐fuel from microalgae, Pongamia pinnata seeds and sugarcane molasses. The models and assumptions have been deposited on a wiki (http://qsafi.aibn.uq.edu.au) and are open and accessible to the community. Based on currently available long‐term reputable technological data, this analysis indicates that the biorefineries processing the microalgae, Pongamia seeds, and sugarcane feedstocks would be competitive with crude oil at $1343, $374, and $301/bbl, respectively. Sensitivity analyses of the major economic drivers suggest technological and market developments that would bring the corresponding figures down to $385, $255, and $168/bbl. The dynamic nature of the freely accessible models will allow the community to track progress toward economic competitiveness of aviation fuels from these renewable feedstocks. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Life cycle assessment of wheat gluten powder and derived packaging film
Authors: Deng Yelin , Achten Wouter M.J. , Van Acker Karel , Duflou Joost R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) on wheat gluten materials. Two objectives form the motivation for this paper. First, the study provides an assessment of the environmental impact of wheat gluten powder production. The aim of this contribution is to provide a base assessment which can feed into the evaluation of any future wheat‐gluten‐based product. Second, the study evaluates wheat‐gluten‐based packaging film and compares it with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactide (PLA) packaging film over the life cycle of these products. Scenarios including extrusion and casting for film production, incineration with energy recovery, and composting for end‐of‐life treatments are evaluated. Such comparison offers insight in environmental benefits of wheat gluten over conventional plastic film as well as its bio‐based alternative and identifies its optimal production and disposal methods. For wheat gluten production, the LCA results show that the impacts of the wheat cultivation and gluten drying phase are dominant in the majority of the 18 impact categories in the ReCiPe midpoint assessment method. The LCA results also exhibit that the scenario with wheat gluten film produced by extrusion and incinerated to recover embodied energy is favorable from environmental perspective. It offers great benefits in climate change and fossil depletion over LDPE film and in 14 impact categories over PLA film. Although wheat gluten film suffers from common problems for bio‐based materials (e.g. land occupation), the overall environmental performance indicates that wheat gluten provides a promising source for bio‐based polymer production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor preparation with different morphologies and their fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhou Xiaochun , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCa3(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor was prepared using a facile chemistry method in the presence of surfactants. The effects of surfactants on the morphology and photoluminescence properties of Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor were investigated. The morphology of the phosphor was significantly influenced by the surfactants employed. When nonionic surfactant glyceryl monostearate and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were employed, the phospor powders are composed of a large number of homogeneous spherical particles with sizes of 0.3–0.6 µm and 2–3 µm, respectively. By contrast, when cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used, the morphology of the phosphor is completely different. The product is an excellent cuboid, and the phosphor prepared with 2.5 mmol cetyltrimethylammonium bromide showed higher luminescent intensity than phosphors prepared with the other two types of surfactants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.