bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional stewardship and conservation in the Game Management Areas of Nkala and Namwala, Zambia
Authors: Mkanda Francis X. , Mwakifwamba Austin , Simpamba Twakundine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigated the effects of socio-economic, institutional, and governance factors on two adjacent Game Management Areas in Zambia: Nkala, which is relatively pristine, and Namwala, which is degraded. Monetary benefits from the Nkala Game Management Area were almost double those from Namwala, which may have been sufficient incentive for the communities of Nkala not to occupy the area or conduct activities that were detrimental to wildlife conservation. There was no such incentive in Namwala, where traditional leaders may have considered settlement and cultivation a better alternative to wildlife conservation. The degradation of the area is largely attributable to weak governance amongst the traditional leadership, which allowed unauthorized migrants to settle and cultivate regardless of the effects of their activities. In contrast, there was good governance in Nkala, where the local chiefs did not allow settlement within the Game Management Area. We hope our findings will be useful in informing the management of Game Management Areas and other wildlife-conservation areas.
Population status of Heptner's markhorCapra falconeri heptneriin Tajikistan: challenges for conservation
Authors: Michel Stefan , Rosen Michel Tatjana , Saidov Abdusattor , Karimov Khalil , Alidodov Munavvar , Kholmatov Ismoil 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHeptner's markhorCapra falconeri heptneriis an Endangered wild goat occurring in disjunct populations in southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Surveys to determine the total population in Tajikistan were conducted during February–April 2012. A total of 1,018 animals were observed. In most areas, which include state protected areas and family- and community-based conservancies, markhor populations are stable or increasing. Threats include illegal hunting, habitat degradation, competition with livestock and disease transmission. To motivate conservancies economically to protect markhor populations, trophy hunting should be permitted to accommodate the sustainable use of markhor, with revenues distributed in a transparent and equitably shared manner.
Conservation status of the unique population of Wenchengia alternifolia, an enigmatic plant endemic to Hainan Island, China
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWenchengia alternifolia (Lamiaceae) is a plant species endemic to Hainan Island, China. Since the 1930s it was known from only four collections and was believed to be extinct until a remnant population was rediscovered in 2010. We conducted further field surveys during 2010–2012 but located only one population, with 66 individuals. W. alternifolia is restricted to the c. 1,500 m2 Shuangximu Valley, in a harsh microenvironment surrounded by plantations. As the population comprises < 50 mature individuals, we propose that W. alternifolia be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, based on criterion D. We recommend that the remnant population and its habitat need urgent protection and monitoring and that ex situ conservation, for future reintroduction, should be implemented.
Adaptive motion control of arm rehabilitation robot based on impedance identification
Authors: Song Aiguo , Pan Lizheng , Xu Guozheng , Li Huijun 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThere is increasing interest in using rehabilitation robots to assist post-stroke patients during rehabilitation therapy. The motion control of the robot plays an important role in the process of functional recovery training. Due to the change of the arm impedance of the post-stroke patient in the passive recovery training, the conventional motion control based on a proportional-integral (PI) controller is difficult to produce smooth movement of the robot to track the designed trajectory set by the rehabilitation therapist. In this paper, we model the dynamics of post-stroke patient arm as an impedance model, and propose an adaptive control scheme, which consists of an adaptive PI control algorithm and an adaptive damping control algorithm, to control the rehabilitation robot moving along predefined trajectories stably and smoothly. An equivalent two-port circuit of the rehabilitation robot and human arm is built, and the passivity theory of circuits is used to analyze the stability and smoothness performance of the robot. A slide Least Mean Square with adaptive window (SLMS-AW) method is presented for on-line estimation of the parameters of the arm impedance model, which is used for adjusting the gains of the PI-damping controller. In this paper, the Barrett WAM Arm manipulator is used as the main hardware platform for the functional recovery training of the post-stroke patient. Passive recovery training has been implemented on the WAM Arm, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed adaptive control strategies.
Rural courts, notaries and credit in the county of Empúries, 1290–1348
Authors: SOLDEVILA I TEMPORAL XAVIER 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article studies the role performed by local jurisdictional courts in private credit relations in medieval Catalonia. These courts and their officers were subject to the control of local feudal lords. The courts acted as a guarantor of credit contracts agreed before them in the form of ‘court obligations’, and also carried out procedures related to the enforcement of outstanding debts: prorogations; seizures and auction of goods; and imprisonment. The study focuses on the plain of the Lower Ter, on the northeast Catalan coast. It concludes that although the jurisdictional framework provided by the courts involved a number of different great lords, including the king himself, the juridical mechanisms and collaboration between different courts functioned well enough to sustain a dynamic, complex and widespread credit system.
Artin's primitive root conjecture and a problem of Rohrlich
Authors: AMBROSE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLet$\mathbb{K}$be a number field, Γ a finitely generated subgroup of$\mathbb{K}$*, for instance the unit group of$\mathbb{K}$, and κ>0. For an ideal$\mathfrak{a}$of$\mathbb{K}$let indΓ($\mathfrak{a}$]></alt-text></inline-graphic>) denote the multiplicative index of the reduction of &#x0393; in <inline-graphic name="S0305004114000206_inline3"><alt-text><![CDATA[$(\mathcal{O}_\mathbb{K}/\mathfrak{a})$* (whenever it makes sense). For a prime ideal$\mathfrak{p}$of$\mathbb{K}$and a positive integer γ let$\mathcal{I}_\gamma^\kappa(\mathfrak{p})$be the average of${ind}_{\langle a_1,\dots,a_\gamma\rangle}(\mathfrak{p})^\kappa$over all tupels$(a_1,\dots,a_\gamma)\in{(\mathcal{O}_\mathbb{K}/\mathfrak{p})^*}^\gamma$. Motivated by a problem of Rohrlich we prove, partly conditionally on fairly standard hypotheses, lower bounds for$\sum_{\mathcal{N}{\mathfrak{a}\leq x}{ind}_{\Gamma}({\mathfrak{a})^\kappa$and asymptotic formulae for$\sum_{\mathcal{N}\mathfrak{p} \leq x} {\mathcal{I}_{\gamma}^\kappa({\mathfrak{p})$.
Hantavirus infection in rodents and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shaanxi province, China, 1984–2012
Authors: YU P. B. , TIAN H. Y. , MA C. F. , MA C. A. , WEI J. , LU X. L. , WANG Z. , ZHOU S. , LI S. , DONG J. H. , XU J. R. , XU B. , WANG J. J. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThe transmission of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is deeply influenced by the reservoir and hantavirus prevalence rate. In this study, a surveillance on human HFRS cases, relative rodent abundance, and hantavirus infection prevalence was conducted in Shaanxi province, China, during 1984–2012. A generalized linear model with Poisson-distributed residuals and a log link was used to quantify the relationship between reservoir, virus and HFRS cases. The result indicated that there was a significant association of HFRS incidence with relative rodent density and the prevalence rate. This research provides evidence that the changes of infection prevalence in the reservoir could lead directly to the emergence of a new epidemic. It was concluded that the measurement of a number of these variables could be used in disease surveillance to give useful advance warning of potential disease epidemics.
The Intriguing Ultrastructure of Lipid Body Organelles Within Activated Macrophages
Authors: Dias Felipe F. , Zarantonello Victor C. , Parreira Gleydes G. , Chiarini-Garcia Hélio , Melo Rossana C. N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMacrophages are widely distributed immune system cells with essential functions in tissue homeostasis, apoptotic cell clearance, and first defense in infections. A distinguishing feature of activated macrophages participating in different situations such as inflammatory and metabolic diseases is the presence of increased numbers of lipid-rich organelles, termed lipid bodies (LBs) or lipid droplets, in their cytoplasm. LBs are considered structural markers of activated macrophages and are involved in different functions such as lipid metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we revisit the distinct morphology of LB organelles actively formed within macrophages in response to infections and cell clearance, taking into account new insights provided by ultrastructural studies. We also discuss the LB interactions within macrophages, revealed by transmission electron microscopy, with a focus on the remarkable LB–phagosome association and discuss potential links between structural aspects and function.
Genetic diversity in East African finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) landraces based on SSR markers and some qualitative traits
Authors: Manyasa E. O. , Tongoona P. , Shanahan P. , Mgonja M. A. , de Villiers S. 
Published: May 2014

In this study, genetic diversity in 340 finger millet accessions from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and 15 minicore accessions was assessed using 23 single-sequence repeat markers and five qualitative traits. Nineteen markers were polymorphic with a mean polymorphic information content value of 0.606 and a range of 0.035–0.889, with allele size ranging from 148 to 478. A total of 195 alleles were detected (range of 3–23 and average of 10.3 alleles per locus), with 57.7% being rare and 17.4% being private. Differentiation between the accessions of the three countries was weak, with most of the genetic diversity being explained by variability within the countries and subregions than by that among the countries and subregions. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the Kenyan accessions (0.638 ± 0.283) and the least in the Ugandan accessions (0.583 ± 0.264). The highest differentiation based on Wright's fixation index was observed between the Ugandan and Tanzanian accessions (FST= 0.117; P< 0.001). There was no association between the morphological traits assessed and the genetic classes observed. The low variability between the countries could be attributed to a shared gene pool, as the crop originated from the East African region. Farmers' selection for adaptation and end use could have contributed to the high diversity within the countries. Concerted efforts need to be made to characterize the large germplasm stocks in East Africa for their effective conservation and utilization. The lack of representation of accessions from the three countries in all global minicore diversity clusters points to the need to explore the East African germplasm to identify the diversity not captured earlier to be included in the global repository.
The narratives of geographical indications
Authors: Ferrari Matteo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) is often conceived as a way to preserve cultural creativity embedded in a specific place. But can GIs be understood as a mode of cultural creativity in their own right? This paper tries to answer this question through a case-study which compares three specific GIs for wines in three different countries (Australia, Italy and Canada). By using an interpretative analysis based on narratives, the paper highlights how GIs are the protagonist of legal narratives in terms of cultural creativity and, at one and the same time, something extrinsic and intrinsic to a given social and productive environment, contributing to defining that same notion of place.
Religion and culture in the discourse of the European Court of Human Rights: the risks of stereotyping and naturalising
Authors: Peroni Lourdes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper critically examines the ways in which the European Court of Human Rights represents applicants' religious and cultural practices in its legal discourse. Borrowing tools from critical discourse analysis and incorporating insights from the anti-essentialist critique, the paper suggests that the Court has most problematically depicted the practices of Muslim women, Sikhs and Roma Gypsies. The analysis reveals that, by means of a reifying language, the Court oftentimes equates these groups' practices with negative stereotypes or posits them as the group's ‘paradigmatic’ practice / way of life. The thrust of the argument is that these sorts of representation are problematic because of the exclusionary and inegalitarian dangers they carry both for the applicants and for their groups. In negatively stereotyping applicants' practices and in privileging certain group practices over others, these types of assessment underestimate what is at stake for the applicants and potentially exclude them from protection. Moreover, these types of reasoning risk sustaining hierarchies across and within groups. The paper concludes by sketching out an approach capable of mitigating stereotyping and essentialising risks.
The Egyptian revolution in and out of the juridical space: an inquiry into labour law and the workers' movement in Egypt
Authors: Taha Mai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSince the spark of the Egyptian revolution in January 2011, issues of political party law reform, constitutional declarations, and the institution of free and fair elections have taken the lead in mainstream politics, and at times, relegated the role of organised labour to mere economistic agitation and disruption of an already ‘disrupted’ life, in the eyes of the Egyptian public. In contrast to mainstream depiction of the labour movement as a ‘single issue’ movement, this paper shows the decisive political role of labour struggles that took place both inside and outside the judicial and legal systems, in the years leading up to the events of 25 January. This paper identifies the diversity of tactics used by the labour movement, and its unique approach to legality – a defensive legality approach, where legality and illegality are both taken seriously as legitimate tactics of resistance. The defensive legality approach recognises the violence and coerciveness of the legal form, as well as the tactical potential of recourse to the legal system to defend the labour movement. The experience of Egyptian workers in the wake of the 25 January revolution reveals the politics and the limits of law, as well as the significance of tactically and defensively using the law.
Switchable
S
= 1/2 and
J
= 1/2 Rashba bands in ferroelectric halide perovskites
Authors: Kim Minsung , Im Jino , Freeman Arthur J. , Ihm Jisoon , Jin Hosub 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Manipulation of electron spins is an important research subject to achieve breakthroughs in current electronics. The Rashba effect is the spin energy level splitting due to broken inversion symmetry and spin–orbit coupling, and the controllability of Rashba splitting is crucial to spin manipulation. Here, we report a theoretical investigation of Rashba band splitting in ferroelectric halide perovskite materials. Since the polarization direction in ferroelectric materials can be switched by external electric fields, Rashba splitting can be controlled conveniently in these materials. Interestingly, ferroelctric polarizations give rise to two distinct Rashba bands of contrasting orbital and spin characters. Taking advantage of the unique band characteristics, these materials prove promising candidates for the switchable Rashba effect.
Vacceed: a high-throughput in silico vaccine candidate discovery pipeline for eukaryotic pathogens based on reverse vaccinology
Authors: Goodswen Stephen J. , Kennedy Paul J. , Ellis John T. 
Published: May 2014

Summary: We present Vacceed, a highly configurable and scalable framework designed to automate the process of high-throughput in silico vaccine candidate discovery for eukaryotic pathogens. Given thousands of protein sequences from the target pathogen as input, the main output is a ranked list of protein candidates determined by a set of machine learning algorithms. Vacceed has the potential to save time and money by reducing the number of false candidates allocated for laboratory validation. Vacceed, if required, can also predict protein sequences from the pathogen’s genome.
Availability and implementation: Vacceed is tested on Linux and can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/sgoodswe/vacceed/releases (includes a worked example with sample data). Vacceed User Guide can be obtained from https://github.com/sgoodswe/vacceed.
Contact: John.Ellis@uts.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
dbGSH: a database of S-glutathionylation
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Lu Cheng-Tsung , Lee Tzong-Yi , Chen Yu-Ju 
Published: May 2014

Summary: S-glutathionylation, the reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM) that generates a mixed disulfide bond between glutathione and cysteine residue, critically regulates protein activity, stability and redox regulation. Due to its importance in regulating oxidative/nitrosative stress and balance in cellular response, a number of methods have been rapidly developed to study S-glutathionylation, thus expanding the dataset of experimentally determined glutathionylation sites. However, there is currently no database dedicated to the integration of all experimentally verified S-glutathionylation sites along with their characteristics or structural or functional information. Thus, the dbGSH database has been created to integrate all available datasets and to provide the relevant structural analysis. As of January 31, 2014, dbGSH has manually collected &gt;2200 experimentally verified S-glutathionylated peptides from 169 research articles using a text-mining approach. To solve the problem of heterogeneity of the data collected from different sources, the sequence identity of the reported S-glutathionylated peptides is mapped to UniProtKB protein entries. To delineate the structural correlations and consensus motifs of these S-glutathionylation sites, the dbGSH database also provides structural and functional analyses, including the motifs of substrate sites, solvent accessibility, protein secondary and tertiary structures, protein domains and gene ontology.
Availability and implementation: dbGSH is now freely accessible at http://csb.cse.yzu.edu.tw/dbGSH/. The database content is regularly updated with new data collected by the continuous survey of research articles.
Contact: francis@saturn.yzu.edu.tw or yujuchen@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detecting clustering and ordering binding patterns among transcription factors via point process models
Authors: Cha Maria , Zhou Qing 
Published: May 2014

Motivation: Recent development in ChIP-Seq technology has generated binding data for many transcription factors (TFs) in various cell types and cellular conditions. This opens great opportunities for studying combinatorial binding patterns among a set of TFs active in a particular cellular condition, which is a key component for understanding the interaction between TFs in gene regulation.
Results: As a first step to the identification of combinatorial binding patterns, we develop statistical methods to detect clustering and ordering patterns among binding sites (BSs) of a pair of TFs. Testing procedures based on Ripley’s K-function and its generalizations are developed to identify binding patterns from large collections of BSs in ChIP-Seq data. We have applied our methods to the ChIP-Seq data of 91 pairs of TFs in mouse embryonic stem cells. Our methods have detected clustering binding patterns between most TF pairs, which is consistent with the findings in the literature, and have identified significant ordering preferences, relative to the direction of target gene transcription, among the BSs of seven TFs. More interestingly, our results demonstrate that the identified clustering and ordering binding patterns between TFs are associated with the expression of the target genes. These findings provide new insights into co-regulation between TFs.
Availability and implementation: See ‘www.stat.ucla.edu/∼zhou/TFKFunctions/’ for source code.
Contact: zhou@stat.ucla.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neuroanaesthesia
Authors: Kigozi Michele , Newton Mary , James Paul , Moppett Iain 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSuccessful management of neurological emergencies such as subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires rapid decision making and intervention with the anaesthetist playing a key role. The cases in this chapter explore the management and controversies relating to SAH (case 4.1) and TBI (case 4.2) both at initial presentation and during ongoing care. SAH is a sudden and potentially devastating condition with a high associated mortality and morbidity rate. Developments in endovascular occlusion techniques (coiling) have significantly altered the anaesthetic management of SAH, though thorough knowledge of the complications arising from SAH (delayed cerebral ischaemia, sodium disturbances, cardiovascular and pulmonary complications) is essential. When managing TBI the anaesthetist must modify their technique to prioritise cerebral perfusion and prevent secondary brain injury whilst working closely with neurosurgeons as part of a team to ensure the best functional outcomes.
Acute pain management
Authors: Key William , Nicholls Barry , Law Simon , Cashman Jeremy 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Achieving excellent analgesia for acute pain can be a significant challenge which often falls to the anaesthetist. This chapter describes techniques for achieving analgesia for pain resulting from multiple trauma (case 7.2), and explores the potential benefits from paravertebral blockade (PVB) following mastectomy (case 7.1). Accurate, reliable, repeated assessment of pain is vital and forms an essential component of an analgesic strategy. Multimodal anaesthesia, and appropriate use of regional anaesthetic techniques may achieve the best results. A low threshold for investigating potential complications of neuraxial techniques is important. Optimal control of acute pain may reduce the incidence of chronic pain. PVB may provide superior acute pain relief and a reduction in the incidence of chronic pain following breast surgery compared to opioid based techniques. Avoidance of epidural-related complications support use of PVB for unilateral thoracic and breast surgery. Various mechanisms are postulated suggesting that paravertebral blockade may impact on cancer recurrence rates.