bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximation of head and neck cancer volumes in contrast enhanced CT
Authors: Dejaco D. , Url C. , Schartinger V. H. , Haug A. K. , Fischer N. , Riedl D. , Posch A. , Riechelmann H. , Widmann G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Tumor volume may serve as a predictor of response to radiochemotherapy (RCT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Computer assisted tumor volumetry requires time-consuming slice-by-slice manual or semi-automated segmentation. We questioned how accurately primary tumor and suspect cervical lymph node (LN) volumes can be approximated by the maximum tumor diameters in three dimensions.

Methods
In contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT scans of 74 patients with incident advanced HNSCC, manual slice-by-slice segmentation volumetry of primary tumor, total- and largest suspect cervical LN served as the reference method. In the same scans, maximum orthogonal diameters were measured using the distance measurement tool in standard visualization software in axial and coronal sections. From these diameters, approximate volumes were calculated using the cubic and ellipsoid formula. A second segmentation volumetry was performed in contrast enhanced radiotherapy-planning CT scans obtained prior to primary concurrent RCT 24 days (+/− 13 days) following the initial diagnostic CT scans. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare results.

Results
Slice-by-slice manual segmentation volumetry of primary and LN volumes revealed a lognormal distribution and ranged from 0 to 86 ml and 0 to 129 ml, respectively. Volume approximations in diagnostic CT scans with the ellipsoid formula resulted in an −8 % underestimation of tumor volumes (95 % CI −14 % to −1 %; p = 0.022) and an −18 % underestimation of suspect cervical LN volumes (95 % CI −25 % to −12 %; p = 0.001). Inter rater intraclass correlation for primaries was 0.95 (95 % CI +0.92 to +0.97; p = 0.001), and intra rater intraclass correlation was 0.99 (95 % CI +0.98 to +0.99; p = 0.001). The cubic formula resulted in pronounced overestimation of primary and LN volumes. Primary tumor volumes obtained by the second segmentation volumetry in radiotherapy-planning CT scans obtained on average 24 days following the initial volumetry resulted in larger primary tumor volumes (mean bias +28 %, 95 % CI +14 % to +41 %; p = 0.001). Tumor volume increase correlated with time between the diagnostic and planning CTs (r = 0.24, p = 0.05) and was approximately 1 % per day.

Discussion
Ellipsoid approximations of tumor and lymph node volumes in HNSCC using maximum orthogonal diameters underestimates volumes based on segmentation in multiple slices. Due to time difference and safety margins, segmented volumes in radiotherapy-planning CT scans tend to be larger than in diagnostic CT scans.

Conclusion
Ellipsoid approximations of tumor and lymph node volumes in HNSCC are easily available from diagnostic CT scans. Volume estimates are applicable over a wide range of tumor and LN sizes and may be useful in clinical decision-making and oncologic research.
Intratumoral Heterogeneity of ALK-Rearranged and ALK/EGFR Coaltered Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cai Weijing , Lin Dongmei , Wu Chunyan , Li Xuefei , Zhao Chao , Zheng Limou , Chuai Shannon , Fei Ke , Zhou Caicun , Hirsch Fred R. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose Genetic intratumoral heterogeneity has a profound influence on the selection of clinical treatment strategies and on addressing resistance to targeted therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential effect of intratumoral heterogeneity on both genetic and pathologic characteristics of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Methods We tested ALK fusions and EGFR mutations in 629 patients with LADC by using laser-capture microdissection to capture spatially separated tumor cell subpopulations in various adenocarcinoma subtypes and to test for ALK fusions and EGFR mutations in ALK-rearranged, EGFR-mutated, and ALK/EGFR coaltered LADCs to compare the oncogenic driver status between different tumor cell subpopulations in the same primary tumor. Results Among the 629 patients, 30 (4.8%) had ALK fusions, 364 (57.9%) had EGFR mutations, and two had ALK fusions that coexisted with EGFR mutations. Intratumoral heterogeneity of ALK fusions were identified in nine patients by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In the two patients with an ALK/EGFR coaltered status, genetic intratumoral heterogeneity was observed both between different growth patterns and within the same growth pattern. The relative abundance of ALK and EGFR alterations was different in the same captured area. ALK fusions were positively associated with a micropapillary pattern (P = .002) and were negatively associated with a lepidic pattern (P = .008) in an expanded statistical analysis of 900 individual adenocarcinoma components, although they appeared to be more common in acinar-predominant LADCs in the analysis of 629 patients. Conclusion Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity was demonstrated to coexist with histologic heterogeneity in both single-driver and ALK/EGFR coaltered LADCs. Altered oncogenic drivers in spatially separated subclones of the same tumor may be different.
Psychosocial Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Ford Jennifer S. , Chou Joanne F. , Sklar Charles A. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Novetsky Friedman Danielle , McCabe Mary , Robison Leslie L. , Kleinerman Ruth A. , Li Yuelin , Marr Brian P. , Abramson David H. , Dunkel Ira J. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose Survival rates for individuals diagnosed with retinoblastoma (RB) exceed 95% in the United States; however, little is known about the long-term psychosocial outcomes of these survivors. Patients and Methods Adult RB survivors, diagnosed from 1932 to 1994 and treated in New York, completed a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), by mail or telephone. Psychosocial outcomes included psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, fear of cancer recurrence, satisfaction with facial appearance, post-traumatic growth, and post-traumatic stress symptoms; noncancer CCSS siblings served as a comparison group. Results A total of 470 RB survivors (53.6% with bilateral RB; 52.1% female) and 2,820 CCSS siblings were 43.3 (standard deviation [SD], 11) years and 33.2 (SD, 8.4) years old at the time of study, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, RB survivors did not have significantly higher rates of depression, somatization, distress, or anxiety compared with CCSS siblings. Although RB survivors were more likely to report post-traumatic stress symptoms of avoidance and/or hyperarousal (both P < .01), only five (1.1%) of 470 met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Among survivors, having a chronic medical condition did not increase the likelihood of psychological problems. Bilateral RB survivors were more likely than unilateral RB survivors to experience fears of cancer recurrence (P < .01) and worry about their children being diagnosed with RB (P < .01). However, bilateral RB survivors were no more likely to report depression, anxiety, or somatic complaints than unilateral survivors. Conclusion Most RB survivors do not have poorer psychosocial functioning compared with a noncancer sample. In addition, bilateral and unilateral RB survivors seem similar with respect to their psychological symptoms.
Oncologists' Experiences and Attitudes About Their Role in Philanthropy and Soliciting Donations From Grateful Patients
Authors: Walter Jennifer K. , Griffith Kent A. , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: September 2015

Purpose Physician participation in philanthropy is important to marshal resources that allow hospitals to pursue their missions, but little is known about how physicians participate and their attitudes toward participation. Methods To characterize philanthropic roles physicians play and their attitudes about participation and its ethical acceptability, medical oncologists affiliated with the 40 National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer centers were randomly sampled and surveyed to evaluate experiences and attitudes regarding participation in philanthropy at their institutions. Responses were tabulated; significant associations by physicians' characteristics were explored. Results A total of 405 (52%) physicians responded; 62% were men, and 72% were white. Most (71%) had been exposed to their institution's fundraising/development staff; 48% of those were taught how to identify patients who would be good donors; 26% received information about ethical guidelines for soliciting donations from their patients; 21% were taught how their institution ensures Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance. A third (32%) of respondents had been asked to directly solicit a donation from their patients for their institution, of whom half declined to do so. Those who had solicited from their patients had been in practice significantly longer (mean, 19 v 13 years; P < .001). A substantial minority (37%) felt comfortable talking to their patients about donation (men more than women, 43% v 26%; P = .008); however, 74% agreed it could interfere with the physician-patient relationship, and 52% believe conflict of interest exists. Conclusion Institutions are asking physicians to directly solicit their patients for donations with variability in physicians' perceptions of the impact on relationships with patients and responses toward those requests.
Temporal cAMP Signaling Selectivity by Natural and Synthetic MC4R Agonists
Authors: Molden Brent M. , Cooney Kimberly A. , West Kirk , Van Der Ploeg Lex H. T. , Baldini Giulia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the brain, where it controls energy balance through pathways including α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-dependent signaling. We have reported that the MC4R can exist in an active conformation that signals constitutively by increasing cAMP levels in the absence of receptor desensitization. We asked whether synthetic MC4R agonists differ in their ability to increase intracellular cAMP over time in Neuro2A cells expressing endogenous MC4R and exogenous, epitope-tagged hemagglutinin-MC4R-green fluorescent protein. By analyzing intracellular cAMP in a temporally resolved Förster resonance energy transfer assay, we show that withdrawal of α-MSH leads to a quick reversal of cAMP induction. By contrast, the synthetic agonist melanotan II (MTII) induces a cAMP signal that persists for at least 1 hour after removal of MTII from the medium and cannot be antagonized by agouti related protein. Similarly, in mHypoE-42 immortalized hypothalamic neurons, MTII, but not α-MSH, induced persistent AMP kinase signal, which occurs downstream of increased cAMP. By using a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay, it appears that the receptor exposed to MTII continues to signal after being internalized. Similar to MTII, the synthetic MC4R agonists, THIQ and BIM-22511, but not LY2112688, induced prolonged cAMP signaling after agonist withdrawal. However, agonist-exposed MC4R desensitized to the same extent, regardless of the ligand used and regardless of differences in receptor intracellular retention kinetics. In conclusion, α-MSH and LY2112688, when compared with MTII, THIQ, and BIM-22511, vary in the duration of the acute cAMP response, showing distinct temporal signaling selectivity, possibly linked to specific cell compartments from which cAMP signals may originate.
Redox Hydrogel of Glucose Oxidase on MgO-Templated Carbon Electrode
Authors: Suzuki Aimi , Murata Kazuki , Mano Nicolas , Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
MgO-templated carbon having an average pore diameter of 38 nm was used as a scaffold for a glucose oxidase-hydrogel consisting of an Os-complex-tethered polymer. The glucose oxidation current density of the electrode was 60 mA cm−2 at a loading of 1000 µg cm−2 at 37 °C.
Synergic Effects on Pantothenic Acid Extraction and Transport through Liquid Membranes
Authors: Galaction Anca-Irina , Poștaru Mădălina , Blaga Alexandra-Cristina , Bompa Amalia-Stela , Caşcaval Dan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The magnitude of synergic effect related to the facilitated pertraction of pantothenic acid using two carriers (TOA and D2EHPA) was analyzed in direct correlation with the operating parameters and polarity of membrane phase. Compared to the facilitated pertraction with each individual carrier, the results obtained for pertraction systems containing a carrier mixture indicated that the most important synergism was recorded for liquid membrane consisting of heptane with low concentration of organophosphoric carrier and high aminic carrier concentration. However, the important synergic effect related to the acid transfer to liquid membrane affected the amplitude of synergism corresponding to the stripping process.
Does CXCR3 chemokine receptor expression by CD8+ T cells affect their moving towards or only their binding to virus-infected monocytes?
Authors: Dijkstra Johannes M. 
Published: September 2015

This correspondence concerns a recent publication in Immunity by Hickman et al.1 who analyzed the effect of Cxcr3 knockout on migration of CD8+ T cells towards and within vaccinia virus-infected mouse ears. They found that Cxcr3 knockout had no effect on CD8+ T cell migration into the infected ears, a relatively mild effect on virus clearance, and an effect on the contact of CD8+ T cells with virus-infected cells. Curiously, despite having these basically sound and interesting data, Hickman et al. exaggerated the effect on virus clearance (“dramatically impaired virus clearance”) and focused their conclusions on assumed differences in migration towards infected cells (“CXCR3 chemokine receptor enables local CD8+ T cell migration”) rather than on better proven differences in binding to infected cells. I believe that from the data presented by Hickman et al. on the effect of Cxcr3 knockout a migration effect independent from the binding effect cannot be concluded beyond discussion. The fact that CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor, and that most researchers consequently expect a chemokine-gradient-dependent migration effect of the Cxcr3 knockout mutation, increases the risk of misleading readers when approached through the Hickman et al. narrative. The here-initiated discussion of their article may help to avoid such a misleading.
Case Article—Mapping Business Problems to Analytics Solutions: Surrogate Experiential Learning in an MBA Introductory Data Science and Business Analytics Course
Authors: Pachamanova Dessislava A. 
Published: September 2015

The case presented in this article can be used as a surrogate experiential learning exercise in an introductory MBA course on data science and business analytics. Students learn about the life cycle of data analytics projects by alternating between study of analytical techniques and participation in a data analytics project running through the course. The project begins as a simple business question which, through sequential discovery, expands into rich discussions and experiences, and culminates with presentations that test students’ ability to translate computational results into insights for various stakeholders. In the process, students learn about effective information gathering and discovery, identifying major stakeholders, problem framing and mapping, model identification, data visualization, and basic model implementation. They also learn how to present their findings to different audiences with the greatest possible impact. This approach elicits student engagement, teamwork, and multiple perspectives as students are asked to view themselves and evaluate their colleagues from the point of view of various roles in the company. Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Effects of Sodium Iso-butyl Xanthate Dosage on The Froth Flotation of Bead Milled Middle Group 1-3 PGM Ore Blend
Authors: Madilen Nthapeleng M. , Adeleke Abraham A. , Mendonidis Peter 
Published: September 2015

An investigation was carried out to determine the effects of collector concentration on the grade and recovery in the flotation of middle group 1-3 Platinum Group Metal (PGM) ore mixture. The ore mixture pulp at a relative density of 1.29 was subjected to “bead milling” test, particle size distribution analysis and the 55% passing 75 µm was froth floated at 180, 200 and 220 g/t dosages of sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) and 30 and 80 g/t of Senfroth and Sendep 30D frother and depressant, respectively. The results obtained indicated the predominance of the 38 µm PGM values in the ore and confirmed the need for tertiary milling for better liberation of the PGMs. The grade of the PGM concentrate obtained when dosing at 200 g/t of sodium isobutyl xanthate was highest at 94 g/t and gave the lowest recovery of 53%. The 180 g/t SIBX dosage resulted in highest PGM recovery of 70% and lowest grade of 84 g/t, while dosing at 220 g/t SIBX gave average PGM grades of 90 g/t and recoveries of 60%. The results obtained thus showed that that an SIBX dosage of 180 g/t SIBX would be appropriate when higher recoveries are targeted, while 200 g/t dosage will yield higher grades
EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF LI ON THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYPOEUTECTIC Al-Mg2Si ALLOYS
Authors: Prach Olena , Horník Jakub , Mykhalenkov Kostiantyn 
Published: September 2015

Alloys with various contents of Li were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray microanalysis (EDX).<br />The TEM investigations revealed that three different types of precipitation are formed in the alloy matrix during artificial aging. Two of the types represent different morphologies of Mg<sub>2</sub>Si precipitates. The appearance of the third type, identified as the δ-Al<sub>3</sub>Li phase, shows that the Al-Mg-Si system can be used successfully for designing an Li-containing casting alloy. However, this alloy has not yet been developed.
Only 3-generalized metric spaces
have a compatible symmetric topology
Authors: Suzuki Tomonari , Alamri Badriah , Kikkawa Misako 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We prove that every 3-generalized metric space is metrizable. We also show that for any ʋ with ʋ ≥ 4,
not every ʋ-generalized metric space has a compatible symmetric topology.
Age-density relation of Main galaxies at fixed parameters or for
different galaxy families
Authors: Deng Xin-Fa , Song Jun , Chen Yi-Qing , Jiang Peng , Ding Ying-Ping 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Using two volume-limited Main galaxy samples
of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS
DR10), we examine the environmental dependence of
galaxy age at fixed parameters or for different galaxy families.
Statistical results show that the environmental dependence
of galaxy age is stronger for late type galaxies, but
can be still observed for the early types: the age of galaxies
in the densest regime is preferentially older than that
in the lowest density regime with the same morphological
type. We also find that the environmental dependence
of galaxy age for red galaxies and Low Stellar Mass (LSM)
galaxies is stronger, while the one for blue galaxies and
High Stellar Mass ( HSM ) galaxies is very weak.
Magnesium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst support
Authors: Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili Muhd , Bagheri Samira 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResearchers normally consider MgO as a promising high-surface-area heterogeneous catalyst support, additive, and promoter for many kinds of chemical reactions due to its certain properties, including stoichiometry and composition, cation valence, redox properties, acid-base character, and crystal and electronic structure. The presence of MgO as a support catalyst also modifies the electronic state of the overall catalytic performance by electron transfer between the native catalyst and MgO as support. The influence is clarified by alteration of acid-base properties of the catalyst-supported MgO. Meanwhile, the method, chemical composition, and condition in the preparation of MgO are the important factors affecting its surface and catalytic properties. Therefore, MgO with a high surface area and nanocrystalline structure has encouraging applications for some reactions, including as dry reforming, dehydrohalogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation of butane, nonoxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, decomposition of CCl
Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Acute Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Mendoza-Sassi Raúl A. , Klassen Terry P. , Wainwright Claire 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The mainstay of treatment for acute bronchiolitis remains supportive care. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) in infants with acute bronchiolitis.METHODS:Data sources included PubMed and the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information up to May 2015. Studies selected were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing nebulized HS with 0.9% saline or standard treatment.RESULTS:We included 24 trials involving 3209 patients, 1706 of whom received HS. Hospitalized patients treated with nebulized HS had a significantly shorter length of stay compared with those receiving 0.9% saline or standard care (15 trials involving 1956 patients; mean difference [MD] −0.45 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.82 to −0.08). The HS group also had a significantly lower posttreatment clinical score in the first 3 days of admission (5 trials involving 404 inpatients; day 1: MD −0.99, 95% CI −1.48 to −0.50; day 2: MD −1.45, 95% CI −2.06 to −0.85; day 3: MD −1.44, 95% CI −1.78 to −1.11). Nebulized HS reduced the risk of hospitalization by 20% compared with 0.9% saline among outpatients (7 trials involving 951 patients; risk ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96). No significant adverse events related to HS inhalation were reported. The quality of evidence is moderate due to inconsistency in results between trials and study limitations (risk of bias).CONCLUSIONS:Nebulized HS is a safe and potentially effective treatment of infants with acute bronchiolitis.