bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of HMGAs, p53 and β‐catenin in discriminating adenocarcinoma from adenoma or reactive atypia in ampulla and common bile duct biopsies
Authors: Zakharov Vladislav , Ren Bing , Ryan Charlotte , Cao Wenqing 
Published: January 2013

AimsBiopsies from the ampulla of Vater and the common bile duct often pose diagnostic challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of HMGA1, HMGA2, β‐catenin and p53 in biopsy specimens, in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these proteins in differentiating adenocarcinoma from reactive atypia or adenoma.Methods and resultsForty‐eight biopsies (10 from the common bile duct and 38 from the ampulla) were selected for immunohistochemical studies; they included 14 cases of reactive atypia, 12 adenomas, and 22 adenocarcinomas. Expression of HMGA1 was seen in 21% of the reactive atypia cases, 42% of adenomas, and 91% of adenocarcinomas. HMGA2 was positive in 14% of reactive atypias, 42% of adenomas, and 86% of adenocarcinomas. The staining intensity of HMGA1 and HMGA2 was also significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than in adenomas or reactive atypias. Interestingly, coexpression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 was found in 86% of adenocarcinomas, 0% of reactive atypias, and 8% of adenomas. p53 and β‐catenin expression seemed not to provide additional value for discriminating adenocarcinoma from reactive atypia or adenoma.ConclusionsHMGA1 and HMGA2 might serve to discriminate between reactive atypia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma in ampulla and common bile duct biopsies.
Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia: an orofacial lesion strongly associated with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Meer Shabnum , Dulabh Shailen 
Published: January 2013

AimsCystic lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) frequently affects the parotid gland in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. This clinicopathological study, comprising 167 cases, aims to define the clinical–pathological parameters of CLH in order to elucidate the aetiopathogenesis.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study of 167 archival cases of CLH recorded patients' age, race and gender, and the nature, site and symptoms of CLH. A total of 109 cases were reviewed histologically and analyzed for HIV‐1 p24 antigen immunopositivity using standard procedures. CLH of the parotid gland showed a male predominance, whereas submandibular gland (P = 0.27) and bilateral parotid involvement favoured females (2:1). CLH occurred at a younger mean age in females than males in the parotid gland (P = 0.0035) and in the submandibular gland (P = 0.0032). Intra‐lymph nodal origin was favoured, with 76.1% of cases occurring within entrapped salivary gland remnants. P24 staining revealed ~90% sensitivity in HIV‐associated CLH.ConclusionCLH should be used preferentially to describe parotid enlargement in HIV‐infected patients. This study strongly supports the hypothesis that CLH develops following ductal ectasia of entrapped salivary gland inclusions arising within lymph nodes. CLH should be classified as an orofacial lesion associated strongly with HIV and AIDS.
Quantifying habitat‐specific contributions to insect diversity in agricultural mosaic landscapes
Authors: Diekötter Tim , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Agricultural intensification often leads to loss and fragmentation of natural and semi‐natural habitats. As a consequence, biodiversity in intensively managed agro‐ecosystems is often lower than in agricultural landscapes with greater natural and semi‐natural land cover. Different types of semi‐natural habitat may support specific species assemblages thereby increasing landscape‐level biodiversity, but this has seldom been tested, especially for insects that have different functional roles in agro‐ecosystems.
Here, we quantified these habitat‐specific contributions by surveying species richness and composition of wild bees, true bugs and ground beetles and compared them among different types of semi‐natural habitats within two differently structured agricultural landscapes in Switzerland.
We found high shares of habitat specific species and habitat types within landscapes to differ up to fourfold in their specificity (i.e. their contribution to the total landscape species richness). Using statistical null models for habitat specificity and multiplicative beta diversity, we identified habitats that contributed more or less than expected by chance to the overall species diversity at the landscape level.
The observed degree of complementarity among habitats highlights the importance of habitat diversity for insect species richness and potentially ecosystem functioning in agricultural landscapes. By helping to understand better the habitat‐specific contributions to insect diversity in agricultural areas, our results will facilitate targeted conservation measures and sustainable landscape planning. Yet, qualitative differences in habitat specificity and separation of habitat‐specific communities observed between landscapes should be explored further in future studies of multiple landscapes.
Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) contributes to bladder compliance changes in rabbits with partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO)
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Runming , Wang Xinyang , He Dalin 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
A decrease in bladder compliance is known to be correlated with deterioration of renal function after bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the detrusor layer is the primary reason for decreased compliance. In the bladder, as in other organs, ECM deposition is dependent on the balanced activity of proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs is a key regulator in ECM turnover. It has been shown that an altered proteolytic balance between MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 favours accumulation of ECM and decreases tissue compliance in an ovine fetal BOO model. Also, MMP‐1 was significantly down‐regulated, while TIMP‐1 levels were increased, in a time‐ and pressure‐dependent manner in a smooth muscle cell (SMC) mechanical strain model.
In the present study we measured the bladder compliance of control, sham‐operated and partial BOO (PBOO) rabbits using a UDS‐600 urodynamic testing machine. Collagen deposition between and within the detrusor SM bundles was evaluated using Masson's Trichrome stain and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 were evaluated by Western blot. We found that the imbalance between MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 favours accumulation of extracellular collagen, the structural components associated with decreased bladder compliance after PBOO.
Objective
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of bladder compliance after partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) and the role of the collagen degradation enzyme matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and its endogenous inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) during this process.
Materials and Methods
Bladder compliance of control, sham‐operated and PBOO rabbits was measured using a UDS‐600 urodynamic testing machine.
Collagen deposition between and within the detrusor smooth muscle bundles was evaluated using Masson's Trichrome stain and transmission electron microscopy.
The expression levels of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 were evaluated by Western blot.
Results
Bladder compliance decreased after PBOO.
Collagen deposition increased both between and within the detrusor smooth muscle bundles, and had an inverse relationship with bladder compliance.
MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 expression negatively correlated with bladder compliance.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that the imbalance between MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 favours accumulation of extracellular collagen, the structural components associated with decreased bladder compliance after PBOO.
Exploring the ambiguous consensus on public–private partnerships in collective risk preparation
Authors: Steyer Véronique , Gilbert Claude 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOnce considered potential sources of danger, generating industrial risks, companies are now viewed as indispensable partners in preparing risk responses. However, this shift raises the crucial question of the coordination between the various actors, especially as the literature – particularly on public–private partnerships (PPPs) and inter‐organisational collaborations – highlights multiple potential obstacles. This article analyses the conditions and difficulties of this type of collaboration in preparing the response to a major collective risk – the threat of an influenza pandemic – by examining the relations between French public authorities and companies before and during the alert raised by an outbreak of A(H1N1). Shaped by responsibility and legitimacy issues, these relations are problematic and ambiguous, revealing a poorly designed framework which seems to be a source of difficulties rather than conducive to the effective handling of a pandemic threat. Ultimately, the study questions the desirability of a PPP in the specific context of risk management. This study is based on 30 interviews with public and private‐sector actors together with the observation of conferences and the meetings of groups that exchange good practices between companies.
‘I Don't Like My Children to Grow up in this Bad Area’: Parental Anxieties about Living in Informal Settlements
Authors: Meth Paula 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA growing body of research on informal settlements considers the experiences of children, but seldom outlines the daily parenting experiences of adult men and women. At the same time, policy on housing in South Africa points to the ways in which the ‘eradication’ of informal housing will help provide children with better futures. This article explores the social relation of parenting within an informal settlement in Durban, South Africa, bearing in mind the broader difficulties of parenting in poverty, and points to ways in which the material qualities of informal settlements contribute to feelings of anxiety in parents. It questions how these experiences might differ from or be similar to those of parents who live in generic contexts of poverty (but not necessarily informality). It concludes ultimately that living in an informal settlement does actually contribute to particular parental anxieties, but that there is no guarantee that informal housing eradication will remove these concerns.
The Heartbreak of the Place: Space, Religion and Politics in Post‐9/11 Mosque Controversies
Authors: Bowe Brian J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, there have been a series of public controversies related to construction of Islamic worship spaces in the U.S. One of these controversies, surrounding a proposal for an Islamic community center in New York City known as Park51, dominated media coverage for several weeks in the summer of 2010 and is one of several high‐profile mosque‐building debates in the U.S. Another contentious debate occurred in the community of Temecula, Calif. These controversies represent the still‐uncertain place Islam holds in the American public sphere. Using framing theory, this article considers the ways in which Islam is portrayed in news media content by political actors and the potential consequences of such framing.
Permission to Stay in “Enemy” Territory?
Authors: Gertz Steven 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMuslim scholars writing about the legal situation of Muslims living under non‐Muslim rule during the seventh/thirteenth and eighth/fourteenth centuries were primarily concerned with whether Muslims should be allowed to live under non‐Muslim rule or whether they should emigrate (or go on hijra) from it. Two Ḥanbalī legists, Ibn Qudāma (d. 620/1223) and Ibn Mufliḥ (d. 763/1362), both of whom lived and wrote in Damascus (Ayyūbid and Mamlūk, respectively), address this issue in their legal works (fiqh). Their scholarship, when compared with that of the Ḥanbalī scholar Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328), is instructive, particularly when one considers differences between these scholars’ experiences of non‐Muslim rule. A guiding question is how experience may shape (or fail to shape) a jurist's position on hijra, since the events of the time (the Crusades and, later, the Mongol invasions) forced Muslims living under non‐Muslim control to decide whether they must leave such lands. Loyalty to one's school (taqlīd) appears to have influenced the jurists most in their thinking, but experience shaped how they justified their positions on whether a Muslim must emigrate from lands under non‐Muslim control.
Scale Mismatches, Conservation Planning, and the Value of Social‐Network Analyses
Authors: GUERRERO ANGELA M. , McALLISTER RYAN R. J. , CORCORAN JONATHAN , WILSON KERRIE A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany of the challenges conservation professionals face can be framed as scale mismatches. The problem of scale mismatch occurs when the planning for and implementation of conservation actions is at a scale that does not reflect the scale of the conservation problem. The challenges in conservation planning related to scale mismatch include ecosystem or ecological process transcendence of governance boundaries; limited availability of fine‐resolution data; lack of operational capacity for implementation; lack of understanding of social‐ecological system components; threats to ecological diversity that operate at diverse spatial and temporal scales; mismatch between funding and the long‐term nature of ecological processes; rate of action implementation that does not reflect the rate of change of the ecological system; lack of appropriate indicators for monitoring activities; and occurrence of ecological change at scales smaller or larger than the scale of implementation or monitoring. Not recognizing and accounting for these challenges when planning for conservation can result in actions that do not address the multiscale nature of conservation problems and that do not achieve conservation objectives. Social networks link organizations and individuals across space and time and determine the scale of conservation actions; thus, an understanding of the social networks associated with conservation planning will help determine the potential for implementing conservation actions at the required scales. Social‐network analyses can be used to explore whether these networks constrain or enable key social processes and how multiple scales of action are linked. Results of network analyses can be used to mitigate scale mismatches in assessing, planning, implementing, and monitoring conservation projects.Discordancia de Escalas, Planificación de la Conservación y el Valor del Análisis de Redes Sociales
Self‐Induced Fatal Air Embolism: Accidental Autoerotic Death or Suicide?
Authors: Modelli Manoel E. S. , Rodrigues Maciel S. , Castro Bruno Z. M. , Corrêa Rodrigo S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAutoeroticism comprises behavior deviations aimed at producing sexual gratification through the manipulation of one's own body. The use of asphyxia and the induction of pain (masochism) are well‐known examples. “Atypical forms” of such behaviors have appeared in the literature as isolated cases. Fatal air embolism is most common in women (causing abortion), being very rare in men (urethral trauma). The authors present a probable case of air embolism associated with signs of autoeroticism, instrumented by the delivery of air through a system formed by a compressor (typical of those used in refrigerators), a syringe barrel, a segment of latex tubing (tourniquet), and a needle, which was found inserted into the glans penis of an adult male. The hypothesis of accidental death was chosen due to the findings at the scene. The body was decomposing when found, which hampered the conduction of examinations.
Tailorable Multicolor Up‐conversion Emissions in Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ Co‐Doped LiLa(MoO4)2
Authors: Li Ting , Guo Chongfeng , Zhao Puju , Li Lin , Jeong Jung Hyun 
Published: January 2013

Using a modified sol–gel method, LiLa(MoO4)2: Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ phosphors with tailorable up‐conversion (UC) emission colors were prepared. Under the excitation of a 980 nm laser diode, up‐conversion red and green emissions in Ho3+/Yb3+ co‐doped and blue emission in Tm3+/Yb3+ co‐doped LiLa(MoO4)2 were observed, respectively. The intensities of the RGB (red, green, and blue) emissions could be controlled by varying concentrations of Tm3+ or Ho3+, and the optimal composition was also determined. In Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ co‐doped LiLa(MoO4)2, the UC emission colors could be tuned from blue through white to yellow by adjusting the concentrations of Tm3+ or Ho3+. The UC excitation mechanisms were also investigated based on the power dependence of UC luminescence intensity.
Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–NaTaO3Thin Films
Authors: Kunej Špela , Veber Asja , Suvorov Danilo 
Published: January 2013

Thin films with the composition 70 mol% Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 + 30 mol% NaTaO3 were prepared by sol–gel synthesis and spin coating. The influence of the annealing temperature on the microstructural development and its further influence on the dielectric properties in the low‐ (kHz–MHz) and microwave‐frequency (15 GHz) ranges were investigated. In the low‐frequency range we observed that with an increasing annealing temperature from 550°C to 650°C the average grain size increased from 90 to 170 nm, which led to an increase in the dielectric permittivity from 130 to 240. The temperature‐stable dielectric properties were measured for thin films annealed at 650°C in the temperature range between −25°C and 150°C. The thin films deposited on corundum substrates had a lower average grain size than those on Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pt substrates. The highest average grain size of 130 nm was obtained for a thin film annealed at 600°C, which displayed a dielectric permittivity of 130, measured at 15 GHz.
Functional Characterization of Atrial Electrograms in a Pacing‐Induced Heart Failure Model of Atrial Fibrillation: Importance of Regional Atrial Connexin40 Remodeling
Authors: HSIEH MING‐HSIUNG , LIN YENN‐JIANG , WANG HSUEH‐HSIAO , LO LI‐WEI , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , YAN YI‐LING , CHOU THE‐YING , CHEN SHIH‐ANN , YEH HUNG‐I 
Published: January 2013

Cx40 Remodeling in Atrial FibrillationIntroductionHeart failure (HF) increases the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with altered cardiomyocyte connexin. The regional remodeling of connexin(s) may contribute to the spatiotemporal organization of AF. This study sought to investigate the regional differences in connexin(s) and fibrosis in specific atrial regions and correlate that with the electrogram properties.Methods and ResultsBiatrial electroanatomic mapping during sinus rhythm (electrogram voltage and velocity) and AF (dominant frequency, DF) was performed in 6 ventricular pacing‐induced HF dogs (at 252 beats/minute for 6 weeks) and 6 controls. Atrial tissues were sampled from 7 specific sites for analysis of the connexin and fibrosis. HF caused marked atrial dilatation, and increased the induced AF duration (P < 0.001). Remodeled connexins, including a lower expression and more lateralization of both connexin40 (Cx40) and Cx43 as well as increased regional dispersion of Cx40, in the presence of diffuse enhanced atrial fibrosis, characterized the atrial substrate of the HF dogs (P < 0.01). Regional analysis showed abnormal velocity and low electrogram voltage in the areas with downregulated Cx40 and Cx43 was enhanced in the presence of marked atrial fibrosis (>30% of area, P < 0.01). During AF, lower expression of the Cx40 was associated with higher DF in areas of less and more fibrosis, respectively (R = 0.67 and 0.58, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAn altered expression of connexins correlated with the electrogram properties in the existence of diffuse enhanced atrial fibrosis associated with HF. The regional remodeling of Cx40 is likely an important factor in the maintenance of AF in HF.
Cooperative effects of Janus and Aurora kinase inhibition by CEP701 in cells expressing Jak2V617F
Authors: Gäbler Karoline , Rolvering Catherine , Kaczor Jakub , Eulenfeld René , Méndez Sergio Álvarez , Berchem Guy , Palissot Valérie , Behrmann Iris , Haan Claude 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Janus kinase 2 mutant V617F occurs with high frequency in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Further mutations affecting the Janus kinase family have been discovered mostly in leukaemias and in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Owing to their involvement in neoplasia, inflammatory diseases and in the immune response, Janus kinases are promising targets for kinase inhibitor therapy in these disease settings. Various quantitative assays including two newly developed screening assays were used to characterize the function of different small‐molecule compounds in cells expressing Jak2V617F. A detailed comparative analysis of different Janus kinase inhibitors in our quantitative assays and the subsequent characterization of additional activities demonstrated for the first time that the most potent Jak2 inhibitor in our study, CEP701, also targets Aurora kinases. CEP701 shows a unique combination of both activities which is not found in other compounds also targeting Jak2. Furthermore, colony forming cell assays showed that Janus kinase 2 inhibitors preferentially suppressed the growth of erythroid colonies, whereas inhibitors of Aurora kinases preferentially blocked myeloid colony growth. CEP701 demonstrated a combined suppression of both colony types. Moreover, we show that combined application of a Janus and an Aurora kinase inhibitor recapitulated the effect observed for CEP701 but might allow for more flexibility in combining both activities in clinical settings, e.g. in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The newly developed screening assays are high throughput compatible and allow an easy detection of new compounds with Janus kinase 2 inhibitory activity.
Molecular conformation changes along the malignancy revealed by optical nanosensors
Authors: Cinta Pinzaru Simona , Falamas Alexandra , Dehelean Cristina Adriana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn interdisciplinary approach employing functionalized nanoparticles and ultrasensitive spectroscopic techniques is reported here to track the molecular changes in early stage of malignancy. Melanoma tissue tracking at molecular level using both labelled and unlabelled silver and gold nanoparticles has been achieved using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. We used skin tissue from ex vivo mice with induced melanoma. Raman and SERS molecular characterization of melanoma tissue is proposed here for the first time. Optical nanosensors based on Ag and Au nanoparticles with chemisorbed cresyl violet molecular species as labels revealed sensitive capability to tissues tagging and local molecular characterization. Sensitive information originating from surrounding native biological molecules is provided by the tissue SERS spectra obtained either with visible or NIR laser line. Labelled nanoparticles introduced systematic differences in tissue response compared with unlabelled ones, suggesting that the label functional groups tag specific tissue components revealed by proteins or nucleic acids bands. Vibrational data collected from tissue are presented in conjunction with the immunohistochemical analysis. The results obtained here open perspectives in applied plasmonic nanoparticles and SERS for the early cancer diagnostic based on the appropriate spectral databank.