bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Amount of Myocardium Subtended by a Stenosis on Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Leone Antonio Maria , De Caterina Alberto Ranieri , Basile Eloisa , Gardi Andrea , Laezza Domenico , Mazzari Mario Attilio , Mongiardo Rocco , Kharbanda Rajesh , Cuculi Florim , Porto Italo , Niccoli Giampaolo , Burzotta Francesco , Trani Carlo , Banning Adrian Paul , Rebuzzi Antonio Giuseppe , Crea Filippo 
Published: January 2013

Background—
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) specifically relates to the severity of a stenosis to the mass of tissue to be perfused. Accordingly, the larger the territory to be perfused, the greater the flow and the pressure gradient induced by maximal hyperemia. Although this notion may be considered intuitive, its unequivocal demonstration is still lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the amount of myocardium subtended to an intermediate stenosis on FFR, especially in relation to quantitative coronary angiography.

Methods and Results—

The severity of each lesion was assessed by FFR and 2-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography. The amount of jeopardized myocardium was evaluated using 3 validated scores specifically adapted to this aim: the Duke Jeopardy Score (DJS), the Myocardial Jeopardy Index (MJI), and the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) Lesion Score (ALS). The presence of a concomitant collateralized chronic total occlusion was also reported. A total of 213 intermediate coronary stenoses in 184 patients were enrolled. FFR values were correlated to minimal lumen diameter (
r
=0.34;
P
<0.0001) and diameter stenosis (
r
=−0.28;
P
<0.0001). FFR was inversely correlated with DJS, MJI, and ALS (
r
=−0.28,
P
<0.0001;
r
=−0.40,
P
<0.0001; and
r
=−0.34,
P
<0.0001). Lesions localized on proximal left anterior descending were related to significantly lower FFR values and to a higher rate of a positive FFR compared with those in distal left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries (0.80±0.09 versus 0.84±0.08 versus 0.88±0.09 versus 0.91±0.04;
P
<0.0001). The presence of a collateralized chronic total occlusion was associated with significantly lower FFR values (0.80±0.07 versus 0.85±0.09;
P
<0.005). At multivariate analysis MJI, minimal lumen diameter, and presence of a collateralized chronic total occlusion were confirmed as significant predictors of FFR.

Conclusions—
A larger amount of perfused myocardium subtended by a stenosis is associated with a higher probability that an angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis is functionally significant.
Pulse Wave Velocity and Cognitive Decline in Elders
Authors: Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina , Newman Anne B. , Simonsick Eleanor , Sink Kaycee M. , Sutton Tyrrell Kim , Watson Nora , Satterfield Suzanne , Harris Tamara , Yaffe Kristine ,   for the Health ABC Study
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Arterial stiffness is a measure of subclinical cardiovascular disease and increases with age. This study examines the association between arterial stiffness and cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults.

Methods—
A total of 2488 subjects with baseline measure of arterial stiffness (mean age, 74.2 years; 52.3% women) were prospectively followed over 9 years in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and analyzed in tertiles. Cognitive function was assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State examination at baseline and repeated at years 3, 5, 8, and 10. Lower Modified Mini-Mental State examination scores indicate worse function. We fit linear mixed models to examine longitudinal changes in cognitive function over the 9 years of follow-up and logistic regression models, restricted to 1331 participants, to examine cognitive impairment defined as a decrease of ≥5 points after 9 years. We adjusted for sociodemographics, Apoe4, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Results—
The annual decrease in Modified Mini-Mental State examination scores was 0.30 points at low PWV (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.37 to −0.22), 0.46 points at middle PWV (95% CI, −0.54 to −0.39), and 0.45 points at high PWV (95% CI, −0.53 to −0.38), from fully adjusted linear mixed models. In fully adjusted models, the odds of cognitive impairment after 9 years of follow-up was 40% greater for subjects with middle PWV (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03–1.92) and 59% greater for subjects with high PWV (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16–2.18), compared with low PWV.

Conclusions—
High arterial stiffness was modestly associated with cognitive decline and impairment. Interventions to prevent arterial stiffness may be effective in delaying cognitive decline.
Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms With Flow Diverters
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Murad Mohammad H. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Cloft Harry J. , Kallmes David F. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Flow diverters are important tools in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, their impact on aneurysmal occlusion rates, morbidity, mortality, and complication rates is not fully examined.

Methods—
We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching multiple databases for reports on the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverter devices. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool outcomes of aneurysmal occlusion rates at 6 months, and procedure-related morbidity, mortality, and complications across studies.

Results—

A total of 29 studies were included in this analysis, including 1451 patients with 1654 aneurysms. Aneurysmal complete occlusion rate was 76% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70%–81%). Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were 5% (95% CI, 4%–7%) and 4% (95% CI, 3%–6%), respectively. The rate of postoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage was 3% (95% CI, 2%–4%). Intraparenchymal hemorrhage rate was 3% (95% CI, 2%–4%). Perforator infarction rate was 3% (95% CI, 1%–5%), with significantly lower odds of perforator infarction among patients with anterior circulation aneurysms compared with those with posterior circulation aneurysms (odds ratio, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00–0.08;
P
<0.0001). Ischemic stroke rate was 6% (95% CI, 4%–9%), with significantly lower odds of perforator infarction among patients with anterior circulation aneurysms compared with those with posterior circulation aneurysms (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08–0.27;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
This meta-analysis suggests that treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverter devices is feasible and effective with high complete occlusion rates. However, the risk of procedure-related morbidity and mortality is not negligible. Patients with posterior circulation aneurysms are at higher risk of ischemic stroke, particularly perforator infarction. These findings should be considered when considering the best therapeutic option for intracranial aneurysms.
Six new species of Australocosmica Köhler, 2011 from the Kimberley islands, Western Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Authors: CRISCIONE FRANCESCO , KÖHLER FRANK 
Published: January 2013

The Western Australian Kimberley region harbours a diverse fauna of camaenid land snails characterised by marked patterns of narrow range endemism. The recently described genus Australocosmica comprised three species that are endemic to single offshore islands or island groups. Material of a further seven candidate species recognised by the late Alan Solem has been examined. Six of these manuscript species, NSP 40 (= A. rotunda n. sp.), NSP 76 (= A. pallida n. sp.), NSP 77 (= A. buffonensis n. sp.), NSP 78 (= A. bernoulliensis n. sp.), NSP 79 (= A. crassicostata n. sp.), and NSP 80 (= A. nana n. sp.), are here newly described based on examination of shell morphology and penial anatomy. Based on our findings, we are presenting an updated generic diagnosis of Australocosmica. Statistical analyses revealed that species exhibit similar shell characters (colouration, sculpture, dimensions), which render the delimitation of species based only on shells difficult. However, species were found to differ significantly in their penial anatomy. Although the material studied was not suitable for DNA extraction, the anatomical differences were considered sufficient to permit the description of distinct species.
Descriptions of four new species of Thysanophrys (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: KNAPP LESLIE W. 
Published: January 2013

Four new species of Thysanophrys are described from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). T. rarita, known from a single specimen taken off Somalia, is provisionally placed in Thysanophrys and is distinguished by its color pattern and number of preocular and suborbital spines. T. tricaudata is described from three specimens taken at SCUBA stations off southwestern Sri Lanka. They differ from other western Indian Ocean (WIO) Thysanophrys in color pattern, lack of ocular flaps, number of dorsal fin spines and scale counts. The remaining two new species are somewhat similar to the widespread Indo-Pacific species, T. chiltonae Schultz (1966). T. randalli is described from specimens taken at the Amirante Islands and Mauritius. It may also be widespread in the Indo-Pacific, but differs from T. chiltonae in nasal spine structure, color pattern, type of iris lappet margin, and in having a much shorter maximum size. T. springeri also appears to be a smaller species than T. chiltonae and, aside from one record off Djibouti, is restricted to Red Sea. It also differs from T. chiltonae in color pattern, in having fewer pectoral rays and fewer scale rows between the second dorsal-fin insertion and the lateral line. Although T. chiltonae is relatively common in the northern Indian Ocean, it does not appear to have entered the Red Sea.
Interannual Variation of the Winter Rainfall in Malaysia Caused by the Activity of Rain-Producing Disturbances
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Yen Ming-Cheng , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) cyclones contribute close to two-thirds of the total rainfall PT in both parts of Malaysia [peninsular Malaysia (M) and west Borneo (B)]. Judging by the rainfall variance produced by these cyclones and its correlation (~0.9) with the interannual PT variation, this variation is caused primarily by HRF cyclones through two factors: 1) their westward propagation properties and 2) their rain-producing efficiency. The former is regulated by the change of the cyclonic shear flow around the near-equator trough, while the latter is determined by the change of the convergence of water vapor flux toward tropical Southeast Asia. During November–December of cold (warm) ENSO phases, the westward propagation of the cyclone's parent cold surge vortices (CSVs) from the Philippine (P) vicinity (Borneo) to peninsular Malaysia CSVPMs (CSVBMs) and intensified (weakened) convergence of water vapor flux toward tropical South/Southeast Asia act to enhance (reduce) the rain-producing efficiency of HRFPM (HRFBM) cyclones. During winter cold (warm) phases, the deepening (filling) of the near-equator trough crossing west Borneo allows some CSVs formed/trapped in Borneo CSVBBs to develop into HRFBB (HRFBBM) cyclones (to propagate westward to peninsular Malaysia). The rain-producing efficiency of HRFBB and HRFBBM cyclones is also increased (reduced) by the intensified (weakened) convergence of water flux toward tropical South/Southeast Asia. Interannual variations of both PT(M) and PT(B) caused by the impacts of the circulation pattern changes on occurrences of HRFPM and HRFBB/HRFBBM cyclones, respectively, and their rain-producing efficiency may pose a new challenge to simulate the weather–climate relationship in climate modeling.
Simple Uncertainty Frameworks for Selecting Weighting Schemes and Interpreting Multimodel Ensemble Climate Change Experiments
Authors: Sansom Philip G. , Stephenson David B. , Ferro Christopher A. T. , Zappa Giuseppe , Shaffrey Len 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Future climate change projections are often derived from ensembles of simulations from multiple global circulation models using heuristic weighting schemes. This study provides a more rigorous justification for this by introducing a nested family of three simple analysis of variance frameworks. Statistical frameworks are essential in order to quantify the uncertainty associated with the estimate of the mean climate change response.
The most general framework yields the “one model, one vote” weighting scheme often used in climate projection. However, a simpler additive framework is found to be preferable when the climate change response is not strongly model dependent. In such situations, the weighted multimodel mean may be interpreted as an estimate of the actual climate response, even in the presence of shared model biases.
Statistical significance tests are derived to choose the most appropriate framework for specific multimodel ensemble data. The framework assumptions are explicit and can be checked using simple tests and graphical techniques. The frameworks can be used to test for evidence of nonzero climate response and to construct confidence intervals for the size of the response.
The methodology is illustrated by application to North Atlantic storm track data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel ensemble. Despite large variations in the historical storm tracks, the cyclone frequency climate change response is not found to be model dependent over most of the region. This gives high confidence in the response estimates. Statistically significant decreases in cyclone frequency are found on the flanks of the North Atlantic storm track and in the Mediterranean basin.
Eulerian and Lagrangian Statistics in the South China Sea as Deduced from Surface Drifters
Authors: Qian Yu-Kun , Peng Shiqiu , Li Yineng 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics of the surface flows over the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated based on observations of satellite-tracked Lagrangian drifters of the Surface Velocity Program. Although the dataset contains the most recent observations up to 2011, the spatial and temporal distributions of the data are quite inhomogeneous. The Luzon Strait as well as the northern and western parts of the SCS are heavily sampled by drifters whereas the internal SCS is less sampled. The overall Eulerian mean circulation derived from all drifter observations resembles the wintertime circulations because of the seasonal sampling bias toward wintertime. It is found that the calculation of the diffusivity may be misled by the low-frequency temporal variabilities such as annual cycle, which could be removed using the Gauss–Markov decomposition. In the regions around Luzon Strait, typical values of diffusivity, time scale, and length scale are 3.7–11.9 × 107 cm2 s−1, 0.8–1.9 days, and 16.4–44.4 km, respectively. In the regions around Hainan Island and the western boundary of the SCS, the typical estimated diffusivity and length scale are slightly smaller, that is, 2.3–6.9 × 107 cm2 s−1 and 12.8–33.7 km while the time scale (0.8–2.0 days) is approximately the same as that in the regions around Luzon Strait. Although these regions are close to the coast, the “flux versus gradient” relationship is still valid in these coastal regions.
H. L. Wagner's Unbiased Hit Rate and the Assessment of Categorical Forecasting Accuracy
Authors: Armistead Timothy W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe paper briefly reviews measures that have been proposed since the 1880s to assess accuracy and skill in categorical weather forecasting. The majority of the measures consist of a single expression, for example, a proportion, the difference between two proportions, a ratio, or a coefficient. Two exemplar single-expression measures for 2 × 2 categorical arrays that chronologically bracket the 130-yr history of this effort—Doolittle's inference ratio i and Stephenson's odds ratio skill score (ORSS)—are reviewed in detail. Doolittle's i is appropriately calculated using conditional probabilities, and the ORSS is a valid measure of association, but both measures are limited in ways that variously mirror all single-expression measures for categorical forecasting. The limitations that variously affect such measures include their inability to assess the separate accuracy rates of different forecast–event categories in a matrix, their sensitivity to the interdependence of forecasts in a 2 × 2 matrix, and the inapplicability of many of them to the general k × k (k ≥ 2) problem. The paper demonstrates that Wagner's unbiased hit rate, developed for use in categorical judgment studies with any k × k (k ≥ 2) array, avoids these limitations while extending the dual-measure Bayesian approach proposed by Murphy and Winkler in 1987.
Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Menopause on Rat Soft Palate and Base of Tongue
Authors: Deveci Ildem , Sürmeli Mehmet , Senem Deveci Hande , Eriman Murat , Habesoglu Mehmet , Tek Arman , Misirlioglu Kutyar , Gunes Pembegul 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the histopathologic changes in rat soft palate and base of tongue by performing experimental polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and menopause models.Study DesignExperimental study.SettingThe study was conducted at the animal care facility of Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital.Subject and MethodsThirty healthy female Albino Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (PCOS study group [n = 10], per oral letrozole given; PCOS control group [n = 6], per oral saline given; menopause study group [n = 8], ovariectomized; menopause control group [n = 6], sham operated). At the end of the follow‐up periods, all animals were euthanized, and soft palates and base of tongues of all groups were removed to observe the histopathologic changes.ResultsWhen we compared the PCOS study group with the PCOS control group, submucous gland hypertrophy, mast cell infiltration, vascular engorgement, and acanthosis were significantly different in the soft palate (P <. 05), and in addition to these findings, lymphocyte infiltration, subepithelial edema, and dilated glandular excretory duct were significantly different in base of tongue (P <. 05). When we compared the menopause study group with the menopause control group, only vascular engorgement was significantly different in the soft palate (P <. 05), and in addition to this finding, submucous gland hypertrophy, lymphocyte infiltration, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and subepithelial edema were significantly different in base of tongue (P <. 05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that PCOS and menopause induce significant histopathologic changes in the soft palate and base of tongue that are similar to the histopathologic changes seen in the soft palate and base of tongue of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Retinal vessel abnormalities predict coronary artery diseases
Authors: Tabatabaee A , Asharin MR , Dehghan MH , Pourbehi MR , Nasiri-Ahmadabadi M , Assadi M 
Published: January 2013

Background: There are limited data supporting an association between retinal microvascular changes and cardiovascular mortality, but there is no convincing evidence of an independent or direct association with atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The present study examines the relationship between retinal microvascular changes and angiographic findings. Methods: Patients who were candidates for angiography were, at first, referred to the ophthalmology department for the determination of the severity of retinal atherosclerosis based on the Scheie classification. Angiography was carried out afterwards. Each patient completed a questionnaire, also providing information on risk factors. For each patient, the Gensini score was calculated using angiography findings. Results: A total of 168 patients (99 males and 69 females) with a mean age of 55.3±11.9 years were included in this study. The results show a significant association between CAD severity and retinal artery atherosclerosis (r = 0.47, p = 0.0001). In multiple regression analyses with CAD severity (using Gensini scoring) as a dependent variable, we observed a significant association between atherosclerosis scores based on Scheie criteria (β=0.31, p<0.0001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (β=0.29, p<0.0001), hypertension (β=0.23, p<0.0001), smoking (β=0.20, p<0.0001), and age (β=0.15, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that fundoscopic changes might be a predictor of CADs. However, more well-designed studies to verify these results are still needed.
Radiographic Evaluation of Plantar Plate Injury
Authors: Waldrop Norman E. , Zirker Chris A. , Wijdicks Coen A. , LaPrade Robert F. , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: January 2013

Background: The term turf toe has been generally applied to athletic dorsiflexion injuries of the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Variations in injury patterns coupled with the complexity of the MTP joint makes the diagnosis of more severe injuries challenging and may lead to a failure in recognition of an unstable joint and a subsequently prolonged recovery. Although the proximal migration of one or both sesamoids has been previously identified with a plantar plate disruption, the current study proposes a quantitative grading system based on dorsiflexion stress radiographs, providing a predictable and reproducible test for evaluating the extent of injury to the first MTP joint. Methods: Twenty-four nonpaired fresh-frozen foot/ankle specimens with no history or physical evidence of prior injury were used in this study. The specimens were randomly assigned into 4 cutting groups, and the 4 main distal ligaments of the plantar plate were identified and sectioned. Lateral dorsiflexion fluoroscopic stress images were obtained in the intact state and with each subsequent cut. With each image, measurements from the distal margin of the sesamoids to the most proximal margin of the proximal phalanx were taken. Images were obtained at 45 degrees with both a fibrous loop wrapped around the interphalangeal joint and applying 15 N and also with a manual dorsiflexion stress. Statistical testing performed was a repeated-measures analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc to compare measurements between each group to determine if movement of the sesamoid bones relative to the phalanx quantitatively increased with each structure that was cut. Results: Our results demonstrate a relationship between the number of ligaments injured in the turf toe simulation and an increase in sesamoid phalangeal distance. We found that an increase of 3 mm in the distance from the sesamoids to the proximal phalanx was significant and predictive of a severe injury to the plantar plate. Conclusion: Injuries producing differences of 3 mm or greater from the intact state have a high likelihood of having sustained injury to at least 3 of the 4 ligaments of the plantar plate complex. This study is the first to establish a quantitative grading scale for evaluating turf toe injuries radiographically based on changes in movement of the sesamoids relative to the intact state. Clinical Relevance: In assessing a turf toe injury, historically the evaluation has been qualitative, but our study provides quantifiable data for evaluation of the severity of plantar plate injuries, which may provide guidance to physicians for treatment decisions.