bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science Friction: Phenomenology, Naturalism and Cognitive Science
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent years have seen growing evidence of a fruitful engagement between phenomenology and cognitive science. This paper confronts an in-principle problem that stands in the way of this (perhaps unlikely) intellectual coalition, namely the fact that a tension exists between the transcendentalism that characterizes phenomenology and the naturalism that accompanies cognitive science. After articulating the general shape of this tension, I respond as follows. First, I argue that, if we view things through a kind of neo-McDowellian lens, we can open up a conceptual space in which phenomenology and cognitive science may exert productive constraints on each other. Second, I describe some examples of phenomenological cognitive science that illustrate such constraints in action. Third, I use the mutually constraining relationship at work here as the platform from which to bring to light a domesticated version of the transcendental and a minimal form of naturalism that are compatible with each other.
Naturalism, Objectivism and Everyday Life
Authors: Dorfman Eran 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper I analyse the role of naturalism and objectivism in everyday life according to Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Whereas Husserl attributes the naturalistic attitude mainly to science, he defines the objectivist attitude as a naiveté which equally applies to the natural attitude of everyday life. I analyse the relationship between the natural attitude and lived experience and show Husserl's hesitation regarding the task of phenomenology in describing the lived experience of everyday life, since he considers this experience to be too objectivistic. I use Merleau-Ponty's work to argue that objectivism is an essential characteristic of lived experience and that phenomenology should therefore find ways to integrate it into its descriptions while simultaneously suggesting ways to overcome its rigidity in order to renew perception. I finally propose that the project of the naturalisation of phenomenology could be one of the ways to connect lived experience to the objectivism of everyday life.
Naturalistic and Phenomenological Theories of Health: Distinctions and Connections
Authors: Svenaeus Fredrik 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper I present and compare the ideas behind naturalistic theories of health on the one hand and phenomenological theories of health on the other. The basic difference between the two sets of theories is no doubt that whereas naturalistic theories claim to rest on value neutral concepts, such as normal biological function, the phenomenological suggestions for theories of health take their starting point in what is often named intentionality: meaningful stances taken by the embodied person in experiencing and understanding her situation and taking action in the world.Although naturalism and phenomenology are fundamentally different in their approach to health, they are not necessarily opposed when it comes to understanding the predicament of ill persons. The starting point of medical investigations is what the patient feels and says about her illness and the phenomenological investigation should include the way diagnoses of different diseases are interpreted by the person experiencing the diseases as an embodied being. Furthermore, the two theories display similarities in their emphasis of embodiment as the central element of health theory and in their stress on the alien nature of the body displayed in illness. Theories of biology and phenomenology are, indeed, compatible and in many cases also mutually supportive in the realm of health and illness.
Augmentation of antipsychotic drug action by azapirone 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Iwata Nakao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the evidence that serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor partial agonists of the azapirone class, which are not antipsychotic, have benefits for adjunctive treatment of overall psychopathology, positive and negative symptoms for patients with schizophrenia. We carried out a systematic review of the literature available through PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Google Scholar during September 2012, followed by a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Risk ratio (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized mean difference (s.m.d.) were calculated. Four studies, involving 163 patients with schizophrenia, met inclusion criteria: buspirone: three trials and 137 patients; tandospirone: one trial and 26 patients. As adjunctive therapy, 5-HT1A partial agonists were significantly superior to placebo for overall improvement in psychopathology (s.m.d. = −0.46, CI = −0.79 to −0.13, p = 0.006, N = 4, n = 149) and marginally more effective to improve positive symptoms (s.m.d. = −0.31, CI = −0.64 to 0.01, p = 0.06, N = 4, n = 149). However, 5-HT1A partial agonists were not more efficacious than placebo as adjunctive therapy for improving negative symptoms (s.m.d. = −0.09, CI = −0.60 to 0.42, p = 0.72, N = 4, n = 149). In addition, there was no significant difference in discontinuation rates between 5-HT1A partial agonists and placebo (all cause: RR = 0.98, CI = 0.49–1.98, p = 0.96, N = 4, n = 153, side-effects: RR = 1.96, CI = 0.54–7.19, p = 0.31, N = 4, n = 153). 5-HT1A partial agonists as adjunctive therapy improved overall psychopathology with a trend to improve positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Because the number of studies was small, additional controlled clinical trials with larger numbers of patients are indicated.
3D imaging by fast deconvolution algorithm in short-range UWB radar for concealed weapon detection
Authors: Savelyev Timofey , Yarovoy Alexander 
Published: April 2013

A fast imaging algorithm for real-time use in short-range (ultra-wideband) radar with synthetic or real-array aperture is proposed. The reflected field is presented here as a convolution of the target reflectivity and point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system. To obtain a focused 3D image, the proposed algorithm deconvolves the PSF out from the acquired data volume with high speed due to fast Fourier transform and implementation in frequency-wavenumber domain. Then the result is tested against two numerical criteria for efficiency, namely error and instability, whose optimal values can be obtained iteratively. Since the PSF differs with distance, the algorithm suits mainly applications with relatively small objects such as concealed weapon detection. Using several PSFs allows us to image a certain range of interest by their successive deconvolution from the same data. Performance of the algorithm has been evaluated experimentally and compared with that of Kirchhoff migration. Measurements were carried out by a 5–25 GHz synthetic aperture radar in the lab, and scenarios included a gun and a ceramic knife in free space, on a large metal plate, and a gun concealed on a dummy under a thick raincoat. The results demonstrate sufficient image quality obtained in a fraction of time.
A Quantitative System Pharmacology Computer Model for Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Geerts H , Roberts P , Spiros A 
Published: April 2013

Although the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are reasonably well‐controlled by current antipsychotics, cognitive impairment remains largely unaddressed. The Matrics initiative lays out a regulatory path forward and a number of targets have been tested in the clinic, so far without much success. To address this translational disconnect, we have developed a mechanism‐based humanized computer model of a relevant key cortical brain network with schizophrenia pathology involved with the maintenance aspect of working memory (WM). The model is calibrated using published clinical experiments on N‐back WM tests. We further simulate the opposite effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulators lorazepam and flumazenil and of a published augmentation trial of clozapine with risperidone, illustrating the introduction of new targets and the capacity of predicting the effects of polypharmacy. This humanized approach allows for early prospective and quantitative assessment of cognitive outcome in a central nervous system (CNS) research and development project, thereby hopefully increasing the success rate of clinical trials.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e36; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.12; advance online publication 3 April 2013
The distribution and functional properties of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease-linked Cx47 mutations on Cx47/Cx47 homotypic and Cx47/Cx43 heterotypic gap junctions
Authors: Kim Mi Seong , Gloor Gregory B. , Bai Donglin 
Published: April 2013

GJs (gap junctions) allow direct intercellular communication, and consist of Cxs (connexins). In the mammalian central nervous system, oligodendrocytes express Cx47, Cx32 and Cx29, whereas astrocytes express Cx43, Cx30 and Cx26. Homotypic Cx47/Cx47 GJs couple oligodendrocytes, and heterotypic Cx47/Cx43 channels are the primary GJs at oligodendrocyte/astrocyte junctions. Interestingly, autosomal recessive mutations in the gene GJC2 encoding Cx47 have been linked to a central hypomyelinating disease termed PMLD (Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease). The aim of the present study was to determine the cellular distribution and functional properties of PMLD-associated Cx47 mutants (I46M, G149S, G236R, G236S, M286T and T398I). Expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged mutant versions of Cx47 in gap-junction-deficient model cells revealed that these mutants were detected at the cell–cell interface similar to that observed for wild-type Cx47. Furthermore, four of the six mutants showed no electrical coupling in both Cx47/Cx47 and Cx47/Cx43 GJ channels. These results suggest that most of the PMLD-linked Cx47 mutants disrupt Cx47/Cx47 and Cx47/Cx43 GJ function in the glial network, which may play a role in leading to PMLD symptoms.
PFKFB3 activation in cancer cells by the p38/MK2 pathway in response to stress stimuli
Authors: Novellasdemunt Laura , Bultot Laurent , Manzano Anna , Ventura Francesc , Rosa Jose Luis , Vertommen Didier , Rider Mark H. , Navarro-Sabate Àurea , Bartrons Ramon 
Published: April 2013

PFK-2/FBPase-2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) catalyses the synthesis and degradation of Fru-2,6-P2 (fructose 2,6-bisphosphate), a key modulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The PFKFB3 gene is involved in cell proliferation owing to its role in carbohydrate metabolism. In the present study we analysed the mechanism of regulation of PFKFB3 as an immediate early gene controlled by stress stimuli that activates the p38/MK2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-activated protein kinase 2] pathway. We report that exposure of HeLa and T98G cells to different stress stimuli (NaCl, H2O2, UV radiation and anisomycin) leads to a rapid increase (15–30 min) in PFKFB3 mRNA levels. The use of specific inhibitors in combination with MK2-deficient cells implicate control by the protein kinase MK2. Transient transfection of HeLa cells with deleted gene promoter constructs allowed us to identify an SRE (serum-response element) to which SRF (serum-response factor) binds and thus transactivates PFKFB3 gene transcription. Direct binding of phospho-SRF to the SRE sequence (−918 nt) was confirmed by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipiation) assays. Moreover, PFKFB3 isoenzyme phosphorylation at Ser461 by MK2 increases PFK-2 activity. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest a multimodal mechanism of stress stimuli affecting PFKFB3 transcriptional regulation and kinase activation by protein phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in Fru-2,6-P2 concentration and stimulation of glycolysis in cancer cells.
The Social Stigma of Identity- and Status-Based Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: London Bonita , Rosenthal Lisa 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Drawing on research and theory from the social identity, stereotyping, stress and coping, and personality literatures, we review research that uses a common theoretical framework (rejection sensitivity; RS) to explore the mechanisms through which stigmatization on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, and age affects and shapes the life experiences of targets of stigmatization. Rejection Sensitivity is conceptualized as a cognitive-affective processing dynamic borne out of past experiences of rejection and maltreatment, and leading to situationally activated anxious expectations of rejection in current contexts. Applied to the context of identity-based stigmatization, we present a review of empirical research aimed at exploring the underlying mechanism by which exposure to cues of identity-based marginalization activates the RS dynamic and leads to variations in perceptions and coping with threat among members of stigmatized groups. We review the RS literature applied to African Americans, Asian Americans, women, gay men, and the elderly.
Looking Back and Forward: Lessons Learned and Moving Ahead
Authors: DeWall C. Nathan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, psychologists embraced the importance social connections more than ever before. The chapters that included in the Oxford Handbook of Social Exclusion offer the most comprehensive and cutting-edge research on the impact of social exclusion ever assembled. In this concluding chapter, I provide an overview of the six basic lessons we learned and suggest avenues for future research.
Effect of Positive End-expiratory Pressure on Regional Ventilation Distribution during Mechanical Ventilation after Surfactant Depletion
Authors: Bayat Sam , Porra Liisa , Albu Gergely , Suhonen Heikki , Strengell Satu , Suortti Pekka , Sovijärvi Anssi , Peták Ferenc , Habre Walid 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background:
Ventilator-induced lung injury occurs due to exaggerated local stresses, repeated collapse, and opening of terminal air spaces in poorly aerated dependent lung, and increased stretch in nondependent lung. The aim of this study was to quantify the functional behavior of peripheral lung units in whole-lung lavage-induced surfactant depletion, and to assess the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure.

Methods:
The authors used synchrotron imaging to measure lung aeration and regional specific ventilation at positive end-expiratory pressure of 3 and 9 cm H2O, before and after whole-lung lavage in rabbits. Respiratory mechanical parameters were measured, and helium-washout was used to assess end-expiratory lung volume.

Results:
Atelectatic, poorly, normally aerated, hyperinflated, and trapped regions could be identified using the imaging technique used in this study. Surfactant depletion significantly increased atelectasis (6.3 ± 3.3 [mean ± SEM]% total lung area; P = 0.04 vs. control) and poor aeration in dependent lung. Regional ventilation was distributed to poorly aerated regions with high (16.4 ± 4.4%; P &lt; 0.001), normal (20.7 ± 5.9%; P &lt; 0.001 vs. control), and low (5.7 ± 1.2%; P &lt; 0.05 vs. control) specific ventilation. Significant redistribution of ventilation to normally aerated nondependent lung regions occurred (41.0 ± 9.6%; P = 0.03 vs. control). Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure level to 9 cm H2O significantly reduced poor aeration and recruited atelectasis, but ventilation redistribution persisted (39.2 ± 9.5%; P &lt; 0.001 vs. control).

Conclusions:
Ventilation of poorly aerated dependent lung regions, which can promote the local concentration of mechanical stresses, was the predominant functional behavior in surfactant-depleted lung. Potential tidal recruitment of atelectatic lung regions involved a smaller fraction of the imaged lung. Significant ventilation redistribution to aerated lung regions places these at risk of increased stretch injury.
CATERPILLAR SETAE PENETRATION IN AN EYE
Authors: Lipkova Blandina , Gajdosova Eva , Kacerik Marek , Duranova Maria , Izak Milan G. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
To report the results of 9 years of follow-up after caterpillar setae penetration into a child’s eye.

Methods:
The clinical course of caterpillar setae penetrating an eye and their migration will be described. Initially confined to the anterior segment (conjunctiva, cornea), they later migrated to the anterior chamber and iris toward the posterior pole. Management included treatment of the associated recurrent uveitis and repeated surgical interventions including pars plana vitrectomy.

Patients:
Ten-year-old boy at the time of the initial eye injury.

Results:
It was not possible to completely remove the caterpillar setae that had penetrated the conjunctiva and cornea. Later attempts to remove the setae from the anterior chamber and the vitreous by pars plana vitrectomy were also unsuccessful. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed around the setae, which later reached the retina, but did not prevent their further migration.

Conclusion:
Management of an eye injury caused by caterpillar setae is problematic because they are almost impossible to remove from eye tissue. Setae have a tendency to migrate in the eye. It requires long-term follow-up, conservative management of recurrent uveitis, as well as repeated surgical interventions.
Modified Clp Protease Complex in the ClpP3 Null Mutant and Consequences for Chloroplast Development and Function in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Jitae , Olinares Paul Dominic , Oh Soo-hyun , Ghisaura Stefania , Poliakov Anton , Ponnala Lalit , van Wijk Klaas J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The plastid ClpPRT protease consists of two heptameric rings of ClpP1/ClpR1/ClpR2/ClpR3/ClpR4 (the R-ring) and ClpP3/ClpP4/ClpP5/ClpP6 (the P-ring) and peripherally associated ClpT1/ClpT2 subunits. Here, we address the contributions of ClpP3 and ClpP4 to ClpPRT core organization and function in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ClpP4 is strictly required for embryogenesis, similar to ClpP5. In contrast, loss of ClpP3 (clpp3-1) leads to arrest at the hypocotyl stage; this developmental arrest can be removed by supplementation with sucrose or glucose. Heterotrophically grown clpp3-1 can be transferred to soil and generate viable seed, which is surprising, since we previously showed that CLPR2 and CLPR4 null alleles are always sterile and die on soil. Based on native gels and mass spectrometry-based quantification, we show that despite the loss of ClpP3, modified ClpPR core(s) could be formed, albeit at strongly reduced levels. A large portion of ClpPR subunits accumulated in heptameric rings, with overaccumulation of ClpP1/ClpP5/ClpP6 and ClpR3. Remarkably, the association of ClpT1 to the modified Clp core was unchanged. Large-scale quantitative proteomics assays of clpp3-1 showed a 50% loss of photosynthetic capacity and the up-regulation of plastoglobules and all chloroplast stromal chaperone systems. Specific chloroplast proteases were significantly up-regulated, whereas the major thylakoid protease (FtsH1/FtsH2/FtsH5/FtsH8) was clearly unchanged, indicating a controlled protease network response. clpp3-1 showed a systematic decrease of chloroplast-encoded proteins that are part of the photosynthetic apparatus but not of chloroplast-encoded proteins with other functions. Candidate substrates and an explanation for the differential phenotypes between the CLPP3, CLPP4, and CLPP5 null mutants are discussed.
Rice Cytokinin GATA Transcription Factor1 Regulates Chloroplast Development and Plant Architecture
Authors: Hudson Darryl , Guevara David R. , Hand Andrew J. , Xu Zhenhua , Hao Lixin , Chen Xi , Zhu Tong , Bi Yong-Mei , Rothstein Steven J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Chloroplast biogenesis has been well documented in higher plants, yet the complex methods used to regulate chloroplast activity under fluctuating environmental conditions are not well understood. In rice (Oryza sativa), the CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (Cga1) shows increased expression following light, nitrogen, and cytokinin treatments, while darkness and gibberellin reduce expression. Strong overexpression of Cga1 produces dark green, semidwarf plants with reduced tillering, whereas RNA interference knockdown results in reduced chlorophyll and increased tillering. Coexpression, microarray, and real-time expression analyses demonstrate a correlation between Cga1 expression and the expression of important nucleus-encoded, chloroplast-localized genes. Constitutive Cga1 overexpression increases both chloroplast biogenesis and starch production but also results in delayed senescence and reduced grain filling. Growing the transgenic lines under different nitrogen regimes indicates potential agricultural applications for Cga1, including manipulation of biomass, chlorophyll/chloroplast content, and harvest index. These results indicate a conserved mechanism by which Cga1 regulates chloroplast development in higher plants.
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 Associates with the Histone Deacetylase HDA15 in Repression of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Photosynthesis in EtiolatedArabidopsisSeedlings
Authors: Liu Xuncheng , Chen Chia-Yang , Wang Ko-Ching , Luo Ming , Tai Ready , Yuan Lianyu , Zhao Minglei , Yang Songguang , Tian Gang , Cui Yuhai , Hsieh Hsu-Liang , Wu Keqiang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) is a key basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor of Arabidopsis thaliana that negatively regulates light responses, repressing chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and photomorphogenesis in the dark. However, the mechanism for the PIF3-mediated transcription regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the REDUCED POTASSIUM DEPENDENCY3/HISTONE DEACETYLASE1-type histone deacetylase HDA15 directly interacted with PIF3 in vivo and in vitro. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that HDA15 acts mainly as a transcriptional repressor and negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis gene expression in etiolated seedlings. HDA15 and PIF3 cotarget to the genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in the dark and repress gene expression by decreasing the acetylation levels and RNA Polymerase II–associated transcription. The binding of HDA15 to the target genes depends on the presence of PIF3. In addition, PIF3 and HDA15 are dissociated from the target genes upon exposure to red light. Taken together, our results indicate that PIF3 associates with HDA15 to repress chlorophyll biosynthetic and photosynthetic genes in etiolated seedlings.