bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serine Acts as a Metabolic Signal for the Transcriptional Control of Photorespiration-Related Genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Timm Stefan , Florian Alexandra , Wittmiß Maria , Jahnke Kathrin , Hagemann Martin , Fernie Alisdair R. , Bauwe Hermann 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon assimilation including photorespiration is dynamically regulated during the day/night cycle. This includes transcriptional regulation, such as the light induction of corresponding genes, but little is known about the contribution of photorespiratory metabolites to the regulation of gene expression. Here, we examined diurnal changes in the levels of photorespiratory metabolites, of enzymes of the photorespiratory carbon cycle, and of corresponding transcripts in wild-type plants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and in a mutant with altered photorespiratory flux due to the absence of the peroxisomal enzyme Hydroxypyruvate Reductase1 (HPR1). Metabolomics of the wild type showed that the relative amounts of most metabolites involved in photorespiration increased after the onset of light, exhibited maxima at the end of the day, and decreased during the night. In accordance with those findings, both the amounts of messenger RNAs encoding photorespiratory enzymes and the respective protein contents showed a comparable accumulation pattern. Deletion of HPR1 did not significantly alter most of the metabolite patterns relative to wild-type plants; only serine accumulated to a constitutively elevated amount in this mutant. In contrast, the hpr1 mutation resulted in considerable deregulation of the transcription of photorespiration-related genes. This transcriptional deregulation could also be induced by the external application of l-serine but not glycine to the Arabidopsis wild type, suggesting that serine acts as a metabolic signal for the transcriptional regulation of photorespiration, particularly in the glycine-to-serine interconversion reactions.
Phylogeny and biogeography of an uncultured clade of snow chytrids
Authors: Naff C. S. , Darcy J. L. , Schmidt S. K. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryNumerous studies have shown that snow can contain a diverse array of algae known as ‘snow algae’. Some reports also indicate that parasites of algae (e.g. chytrids) are also found in snow, but efforts to phylogenetically identify ‘snow chytrids’ have not been successful. We used culture‐independent molecular approaches to phylogenetically identify chytrids that are common in long‐lived snowpacks of Colorado and Europe. The most remarkable finding of the present study was the discovery of a new clade of chytrids that has representatives in snowpacks of Colorado and Switzerland and cold sites in Nepal and France, but no representatives from warmer ecosystems. This new clade (‘Snow Clade 1’ or SC1) is as deeply divergent as its sister clade, the Lobulomycetales, and phylotypes of SC1 show significant (P < 0.003) genetic‐isolation by geographic distance patterns, perhaps indicating a long evolutionary history in the cryosphere. In addition to SC1, other snow chytrids were phylogenetically shown to be in the order Rhizophydiales, a group with known algal parasites and saprotrophs. We suggest that these newly discovered snow chytrids are important components of snow ecosystems where they contribute to snow food‐web dynamics and the release of nutrients due to their parasitic and saprotrophic activities.
Multiple family therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a pilot study of eating disorder symptoms and interpersonal functioning
Authors: Hollesen Anette , Clausen Loa , Rokkedal Kristian 
Published: March 2013

The study examined the effect of multiple family therapy on eating disorder symptoms and interpersonal functioning in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Pre‐treatment and post‐treatment, twenty patients with AN (n = 8) or atypical AN (EDNOS‐AN) (n = 12) were assessed using the eating disorder examination and the eating disorder inventory, inventory of interpersonal problems and structural analysis of social behaviour‐Intrex questionnaires. The expected reduction in eating disorder symptomatology was observed, with significant improvement in the patients' body mass index, and a reduction in their restriction, eating concern, weight concern, amount of exercise and drive for thinness. Significant improvements were also found in their interoceptive awareness, self‐affirmation and a reduction in their self‐blame. The expected reduction in interpersonal problems was not found. However, tendencies for the patients to feel less dominating and vindictive in general, as well as tendencies towards more control/emancipation in relation to the parents were found and are discussed.Practitioner points
Multiple family therapy for adolescents with eating disorders and their families can reduce eating disorder symptomatology significantly and facilitate changes in themes revolving around emancipation/distance and control/submission in relation to parents.
It can induce higher self‐affirmation among these adolescents and is inspiring to therapists as well as patients and parents.
Preclinical evaluation of the abuse potential of Pitolisant, a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist compared with Modafinil
Authors: Uguen M , Perrin D , Belliard S , Ligneau X , Beardsley PM , Lecomte JM , Schwartz JC 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposePitolisant, a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist is currently under Phase III clinical trials for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness namely in narcoleptic patients. Its drug abuse potential was investigated using in vivo models in rodents and monkeys and compared with those of Modafinil, a psychostimulant currently used in the same indications.Experimental ApproachEffects of Pitolisant on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, on spontaneous and cocaine‐induced locomotion, locomotor sensitization were monitored. It was also tested in three standard drug abuse tests i.e. conditioned place preference in rats, self‐administration in monkeys and cocaine discrimination in mice as well as in a physical dependence model.Key ResultsPitolisant did not elicit any significant changes in dopaminergic indices in rat nucleus accumbens whereas Modafinil increased dopamine release. In rodents, Pitolisant was without any effect on locomotion and reduced the cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion. In addition, no locomotor sensitization and no conditioned hyperlocomotion were evidenced with this compound in rats whereas significant effects were elicited by Modafinil. Finally, Pitolisant was devoid of any significant effects in the three standard drug abuse tests (including self‐administration in monkeys) and in the physical dependence model.Conclusions and ImplicationsNo potential drug abuse liability for Pitolisant was evidenced in various in vivo rodent and primate models, whereas the same does not seem so clear in the case of Modafinil.
Effects of the antianginal drug, ranolazine, on the brain sodium channel NaV1.2 and its modulation by extracellular protons
Authors: Peters CH , Sokolov S , Rajamani S , Ruben PC 
Published: March 2013

Background and PurposeRanolazine is an antianginal drug currently approved for treatment of angina pectoris in the United States. Recent studies have focused on its effects on neuronal channels and its possible therapeutic uses in the nervous system. We characterized how ranolazine affects the brain sodium channel, NaV1.2, and how its actions are modulated by low pH. In this way, we further explore ranolazine's potential as an anticonvulsant and its efficacy in conditions like those during an ischaemic stroke.Experimental ApproachWe performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments on the voltage‐gated sodium channel, NaV1.2. Experiments were performed with extracellular solution titrated to either pH 7.4 or pH 6.0 before and after ranolazine perfusion.Key ResultsRanolazine accelerates onset and slows recovery of fast and slow inactivation. Ranolazine increases the maximum probability of use‐dependent inactivation and reduces macroscopic and ramp sodium currents at pH 7.4. pH 6.0 reduced the slowing of fast inactivation recovery and inhibited use‐dependent block by ranolazine. In the presence of ranolazine, the time constants of slow inactivation recovery and onset were significantly increased at pH 6.0 relative to pH 7.4 with 100 μM ranolazine.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur work provides novel insights into the modulation of brain sodium channel, NaV1.2, by ranolazine. We demonstrate that ranolazine binds NaV1.2 in a state‐dependent manner, and that the effects of ranolazine are slowed but not abolished by protons. Our results suggest that further research performed on channels with epilepsy‐causing mutations may prove ranolazine to be an efficacious therapy.
Returnees' Perspectives on Their Re‐migration Processes
Authors: Lietaert Ine , Derluyn Ilse , Broekaert Eric 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe return of refugees and migrants back to their country of origin is an important topic on the agenda of Western European governments, as return is considered as the most “durable solution” for the “refugee problem”, and as an instrument with which to tackle “illegal” migration. However, these migration policies generally lack a clear evidence base, as little studies have focused on returnees' current living situations and on their perspectives on the re‐migration process. In this paper we therefore try to listen to returnees' voices, through in‐depth interviews with four Nepalese migrants both before (in Belgium) and after (in Nepal) their return, and with 16 returnees after their return to Nepal. The interviews show how most returnees start with a disadvantageous “point of departure” to realize a “successful” return: mostly, they do not really depart “voluntarily”, and they only have limited possibilities for preparing their return and setting realistic expectations. But also, back in the “home country”, most returnees judge their current economic, social and political living situation as bad, meeting little of the expectations that they set before they returned. The participants consider the support they received through the NGOs' return programmes as minimal, because they are mostly limited to a small amount of financial support, and thus of little significance in these returnees' efforts to rebuild their lives in their “home” country. If return programmes want to make a difference in returnees' lives, they should have two extensive components in the “home” and the “host” country, incorporating in both components an integral approach, including economic, political, social and psychological aspects. Viewing these findings, it is not surprising that most interviewees eventually evaluate their return as unsuccessful, and many returnees consider re‐emigration, all of which clearly questions the current basis of worldwide migration policies.
Alcohol dependency, recovery, and social words
Authors: Szabó József , Gerevich József 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe influence of social support to recovery is a well‐known phenomenon. We supposed that examining relapsed and recovered alcohol‐dependent patients' autobiography vocabularies we could detect special differences. First, we examined group of relapsed patients treated in hospital at least twice within a year (n = 30). We chose for at least 2 year abstinent persons into the second group (n = 20). We compared their autobiographies by the Atlas.ti 5.0 content analyzing software and detected higher frequency of social words referring to social connections and social activity in the recovered patients' groups. The chi‐square test showed significant difference (p = 0.000155 < 0.01) between the frequency of social words of the two groups. We could estimate the spontaneous indicators of their social support via the content analysis.
Co‐invasion of South African ecosystems by an Australian legume and its rhizobial symbionts
Authors: Ndlovu Joice , Richardson David M. , Wilson John R. U. , Le Roux Johannes J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo determine and compare the taxonomic identity and diversity of root nodule and rhizospheric microbial symbionts associated with Acacia pycnantha Benth. in its native (Australian) and invasive (South African) ranges, and to establish whether these associations are general or host specific.LocationThe native range of A. pycnantha in Australia and invasive ranges in South Africa and Western Australia.MethodsBacteria were isolated from root nodules collected from 18 populations of A. pycnantha. Repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (REP‐PCR) fingerprinting was used to assess overall bacterial diversity and clustering. Molecular phylogenies for a subset of isolates representing major REP‐PCR clades were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer (IGS), 16S rRNA, and the symbiotic nodA genes.ResultsTwelve clusters were identified from the REP‐PCR analysis; 11 included isolates from both the native range in Australia and invasive range in South Africa, while one cluster comprised only Australian isolates. Six rhizobial species were found in association with A. pycnantha: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium gallicum, R. lusitanum, R. miluonense, R. multihospitium and R. tropici. We also identified three plant‐growth promoting bacteria isolated from root nodules of A. pycnantha: Burkholderia caledonica, B. graminis and B. phytofirmans. Phylogenetic analysis of the IGS gene retrieved clades containing symbionts from both Australia and South Africa while others comprised only South African taxa, suggesting the introduction of bacterial lineages from Australia to South Africa. Our phylogeographic analysis of the nodA gene confirmed that A. pycnantha was co‐introduced with its symbionts to South Africa.Main conclusionsAcacia pycnantha is a promiscuous legume, associated with at least six different rhizobial symbionts, and forms associations with plant‐growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria from the genus Burkholderia. In the invasive range of A. pycnantha in South Africa, nodules contained some symbionts of South African origin while other symbionts appear to have been co‐introduced from Australia. Acacia pycnantha is associated with a wider suite of symbionts in its invasive than native range.
Effect of Different Corn Starches on Microstructural, Physical and Sensory Properties of Gluten‐Free White Sauces Formulated with Soy Protein and Inulin
Authors: Guardeño L.M. , Puig A. , Hernando I. , Quiles A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDifferent corn starches were used to prepare gluten‐free white sauces made with soy protein and inulin. A remarkable different microstructure between sauces made with modified or native starches was observed. The former were characterized by a packed matrix of swollen starch granules, while the latter showed a few starch granule remnants dispersed in a starch polymer–protein–inulin continuous phase. These microstructural differences were related to significant differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent viscosity values observed between sauces made with modified or native starches. Moreover, sauces made with waxy starches exhibited stable apparent viscosity values throughout refrigeration storage. Syneresis was negligible even in sauces made with native starch, proving the high water retention capacity of the soy protein–inulin–starch polymer matrix. In general, sauces made with modified starches had stable color parameters throughout storage and were preferred by consumers, which make them interesting in the development of this type of product.Practical ApplicationsStarches, both native and modified, from several botanical sources have been widely used in food industry to improve the textural properties and stability of sauces during their shelf life. However, new product development is increasingly focused in nutritional aspects due to consumer's demand for healthy food. In this context, the use of corn starches as gluten‐free sources as well as the replacement of fat by inulin and the use of soy protein instead of milk could be interesting in the development of white sauces suitable for consumers with particular nutritional requirements. First, it is necessary to evaluate the structural, physical and sensory properties of these mixtures to select the best formulation for the final product.
Ultrasound Viscosity Measurements Allow Determination of Gas Volume Fraction in Foamed Gels
Authors: Tomczyńska‐Mleko M. , Ozimek L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAerated whey protein gels were obtained by gelation of preheated solutions at room temperature by calcium, magnesium and ferrum (II) ions at different pH and protein concentration. The density of aerated and non‐aerated gels was determined by the flotation method. Dynamic viscosity of aerated and non‐aerated gels was measured using an ultrasonic viscometer. Air fraction of obtained aerated gels ranged from 24.5 to 76.8%. There was a linear increase in the product of viscosity and density values with increasing concentration of non‐aerated gels. For aerated gels, the highest values of the product of viscosity and density were noted at 7.5 and 8.0% (w/w). A formula for calculation of the air fraction in aerated gels by ultrasound viscosity measurements was derived. Air fraction values obtained by density measurements correlated with the air fraction values obtained by ultrasound viscosity measurements (R2 = 0.99). Measurements of the product of viscosity and density values by an ultrasound viscometer allow the determination of the air fraction of aerated gels.Practical ApplicationsDifferent methods can be applied to obtain aerated whey protein gels. One common method capitalizes on the gel reversibility. Another common method is based on the gelation of preheated solutions induced at room temperature by salt addition. Foamed gels can be applied in food technology and as matrices for active ingredient release. Ultrasonic viscometers are used for continuous measurement of viscosity under conditions where measurement is difficult and does not influence the sample shape. Viscoelastic properties of the gels can be measured using oscillatory rheometry, but ultrasound viscosity measurements can also characterize the viscosity of the gel samples. Ultrasound viscometers are cheaper than oscillatory rheometers and the measurements are simpler.
The effect of nurse–patient interaction on anxiety and depression in cognitively intact nursing home patients
Authors: Haugan Gørill , Innstrand Siw T , Moksnes Unni K 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo test the effects of nurse–patient interaction on anxiety and depression among cognitively intact nursing home patients.BackgroundDepression is considered the most frequent mental disorder among the older population. Specifically, the depression rate among nursing home patients is three to four times higher than among community‐dwelling older people, and a large overlap of anxiety is found. Therefore, identifying nursing strategies to prevent and decrease anxiety and depression is of great importance for nursing home patients' well‐being. Nurse–patient interaction is described as a fundamental resource for meaning in life, dignity and thriving among nursing home patients.DesignThe study employed a cross‐sectional design. The data were collected in 2008 and 2009 in 44 different nursing homes from 250 nursing home patients who met the inclusion criteria.MethodsA sample of 202 cognitively intact nursing home patients responded to the Nurse–Patient Interaction Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A structural equation model of the hypothesised relationships was tested by means of Lisrel 8.8 (Scientific Software International Inc., Lincolnwood, IL, USA).ResultsThe SEM model tested demonstrated significant direct relationships and total effects of nurse–patient interaction on depression and a mediated influence on anxiety.ConclusionNurse–patient interaction influences depression, as well as anxiety, mediated by depression. Hence, nurse–patient interaction might be an important resource in relation to patients' mental health.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse–patient interaction is an essential factor of quality of care, perceived by long‐term nursing home patients. Facilitating nurses' communicating and interactive skills and competence might prevent and decrease depression and anxiety among cognitively intact nursing home patients.
Plant Growth‐Promoting Bacteria from Solarized Soil with the Ability to Protect Melon Against Root Rot and Vine Decline Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus
Authors: Antonelli Mariagrazia , Reda Roberto , Aleandri Maria Pia , Varvaro Leonardo , Chilosi Gabriele 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study was undertaken to isolate indigenous plant growth‐promoting (PGP) bacteria from solarized soil effective in the biocontrol of Monosporascus cannonballus, the cause of root rot and vine decline of melon, which is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases of this crop worldwide. The screening strategy resulted in the selection of two interesting PGP bacteria as biocontrol candidates against M. cannonballus belonging to the same microbial community. The two bacterial species, identified according to phenotypic, physiological tests and analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence as Bacillus subtilis/amyloliquefaciens (BsCR) and Pseudomonas putida (PpF4), showed PGP traits and in vitro antagonistic activity towards M. cannonballus. Antagonism by BsCR was characterized by a consistent inhibition of the pathogen in vitro growth; PpF4 strongly inhibited the development of perithecia of the pathogen. Under greenhouse conditions, the selected bacteria were tested for their biocontrol activity in the pathosystem melon‐M. cannonballus. BsCR alone and in combination with PpF4 determined a consistent decrease in the disease symptoms. BsCR and the combination of the bacterial strains significantly increased root biomass in both inoculated and un‐inoculated plant. Upon seed treatment with BsCR, the accumulation and isoenzyme induction of peroxidase in roots as biochemical marker for induction of resistance were found, thus indicating that BsCR may reduce the disease severity also by the activation of the plant defence responses. The study highlights the synergistic biocontrol potential of B. subtilis BsCR and P. putida PpF4 in the integrated management of root rot and vine decline of melon caused by M. cannonballus.
The pharmacokinetics and effects of meloxicam, gabapentin, and flunixin in postweaning dairy calves following dehorning with local anesthesia
Authors: Glynn H. D. , Coetzee J. F. , Edwards‐Callaway L. N. , Dockweiler J. C. , Allen K. A. , Lubbers B. , Jones M. , Fraccaro E. , Bergamasco L. L. , KuKanich B. 
Published: March 2013

Approved analgesic compounds in cattle are not currently available in the United States due to the lack of validated pain assessment methods and marker residue depletion studies. In this study, we compared the pharmacokinetic parameters and effect of preemptive analgesics administered to calves subjected to dehorning with local anesthesia. Holstein steers were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatmentsper os(PO) or intravenously (IV) (n = 8/group): meloxicam (1 mg/kgPO), gabapentin (15 mg/kgPO), meloxicam (1 mg/kg), and gabapentin (15 mg/kg)PO, flunixin (2.2 mg/kgIV), or a placebo. Plasma drug, haptoglobin, substance P (SP) concentrations, serum cortisol concentrations, ocular thermography, mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), and average daily gain (ADG) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects models and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Meloxicam, gabapentin, and meloxicam with gabapentin at the present doses did not reduce cortisol concentrations. Analgesic‐treated calves had significantly lower plasmaSPconcentrations and improvedADGcompared with controls. Flunixin calves had reduced circulating cortisol compared with controls. Meloxicam‐treated calves showed an increase inMNTat two horn bud sites compared with the other treatments. Analgesics improvedADGand reduced biomarkers of pain, but effects differed by compound and route of administration.