bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ProSAAS is preferentially up‐regulated during homeostatic scaling and reduces amyloid plaque burden in the 5xFAD mouse hippocampus
Authors: Mitias Samira , Schaffer Nicholas , Nair Saaya , Hook Chelsea , Lindberg Iris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of β‐amyloid in Alzheimer's disease greatly impacts neuronal health and synaptic function. To maintain network stability in the face of altered synaptic activity, neurons engage a feedback mechanism termed homeostatic scaling; however, this process is thought to be disrupted during disease progression. Previous proteomics studies have shown that one of the most highly regulated proteins in cell culture models of homeostatic scaling is the small secretory chaperone proSAAS. Our prior work has shown that proSAAS exhibits anti‐aggregant behavior against alpha‐synuclein and β‐amyloid fibrillation in vitro and is up‐regulated in cell models of proteostatic stress. However, the specific role that this protein might play in homeostatic scaling, and its anti‐aggregant role in Alzheimer's progression, is not clear. To learn more about the role of proSAAS in maintaining hippocampal proteostasis, we compared its expression in a primary neuron model of homeostatic scaling to other synaptic components using western blotting and qPCR, revealing that proSAAS protein responses to homeostatic up‐ and down‐regulation were significantly higher than those of two other synaptic vesicle components, 7B2 and carboxypeptidase E. However, proSAAS mRNA expression was static, suggesting translational control and/or altered protein degradation. ProSAAS was readily released upon depolarization of differentiated hippocampal cultures, supporting its synaptic localization. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated abundant proSAAS within the mossy fiber layer of the hippocampus in both wild‐type and 5xFAD mice; in the latter, proSAAS was also concentrated around amyloid plaques. Importantly, overexpression of proSAAS in the CA1 region via stereotaxic injection of proSAAS‐encoding AAV2/1 significantly decreased amyloid plaque burden in 5xFAD mice. We hypothesize that dynamic changes in proSAAS expression play a critical role in hippocampal proteostatic processes, both in the context of normal homeostatic plasticity and in the control of protein aggregation during Alzheimer's disease progression.image
Influence of information on pesticide use during fruit and vegetable cultivation through labeling at the point of purchase: Insights from a French study
Authors: Droulers Olivier , Lacoste‐Badie Sophie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractScientific evidence has been building up about the potentially negative effects of pesticides on human health. Fruit and vegetables have a higher percentage of samples with pesticide residues exceeding tolerance levels than any other food item. However, no regulations exist that require point‐of‐purchase labeling to inform consumers of the use of pesticides during cultivation. Based on a nationally representative sample of the French population, this study examined the impact of labeling designed to provide information about pesticide use during fruit and vegetable cultivation at the point of purchase. The results suggest that information on pesticides has a strong impact on consumers' purchase intention and product choice, and that a large majority of participants support the proposal to display mandatory information about pesticide use through labeling at the point of purchase. We conclude with a discussion of the public policy implications of our findings.
Evaluation of Methenolone Enanthate Efficacy in Preventing MRONJ: A Randomized Trial on Rats
Authors: Gürses Gökhan , Sur Emrah , Cengiz Ziya Ozan , Körez Muslu Kazım 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is well‐known that oral surgical procedures pose a high risk for medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients taking bisphosphonates. Although some position papers and guidelines have been published with regard to its treatment, few studies have investigated prevention methods. This study investigates the effectiveness of methenolone enanthate, an anabolic steroid, for the prevention of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw.MethodsThirty‐six Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Two experimental groups, Z and ZM, took zoledronic acid for 6 weeks prior to extraction of the left maxillary first molar. The Group ZM also was given methenolone enanthate continuously for 1 week before and 4 weeks after the extraction. The control group was not given any medication. The rats were euthanized 5 weeks after extraction. The extraction socket was evaluated clinically for bone exposure and histologically for inflammation, hyperemia, collagen fibers, epithelialization, number of osteoclasts, and empty lacunae.ResultsSix rats died during the experimental research. The bone exposure rate, mean numbers of attached osteoclasts (in 40× magnification), and empty lacunae (in 100× magnification) were 0%, 4%, and 0.8% in Group C; 75%, 1%, and 8% in Group Z; and 10%, 2.1%, and 3% in Group ZM, respectively. Significant differences exist between all groups regarding the number of empty lacunae. There were significant differences between Group C/ZM and Group Z in terms of bone exposure rate, inflammation, hyperemia, collagen fiber organization, and epithelialization.ConclusionIn our tested preclinical model, methenolone enanthate has shown potential for preventing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
How peer status and ability track shape behavioral disengagement over the transition from primary to secondary school
Authors: Lorijn Sofie J. , Laninga‐Wijnen Lydia , Ryan Allison M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe transition from primary to secondary school is often associated with an increase in behavioral disengagement, which undermines students' academic development. Prior studies examined the average development of behavioral disengagement across school transitions. This study examined how students' peer status in primary school and ability track in secondary school relate to trajectories of behavioral disengagement. We followed n = 1564 students who transitioned to secondary school across three time points: February/March, and May/June in students' final year of primary school and January/February, roughly 6 months after students transited to secondary school. Latent Growth Curve Analyses showed that on average, behavioral disengagement increased, but this increase mostly occurred before transitioning to secondary school. Peer status and track related to students' initial levels of behavioral disengagement, but not to their development in behavioral disengagement over the transition. Specifically, students who were viewed as more popular by peers, and students who ended up in the lowest track showed more behavioral disengagement in primary school, whereas students who were more accepted by peers were less disengaged in primary school.
Conversational Agent Dynamics with Minority Opinion and Cognitive Conflict in Small‐Group Decision‐Making
Authors: Nishida Yuki , Shimojo Shigen , Hayashi Yugo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of group discussions with text‐based conversational agents on risk‐taking decision‐making, which has been under‐researched. We also focused on the influence of opinion patterns presented by the agents during discussions and attitudes toward these agents. Through an online experiment, 430 participants read a decision‐seeking scenario and expressed the degree of risk they were willing to take. After viewing the text‐based opinions of six agents and having a discussion with the agents, participants expressed the degree of risk they were willing to take for the same scenario. The result showed that participants' risk‐taking decisions shifted toward the agents' group opinions, regardless of whether the agents' opinions tended to be risky or cautious. Additionally, when the agents' group opinions were more risk‐biased and included a minority opinion, a significant association existed between the degree of the participants' shift to a riskier decision and their positive attitudes toward the agents. The agents' group opinions guided participants toward both risky and cautious decisions, and participants' attitudes toward the agents were associated with their decision‐making, albeit to a limited extent.
Evaluation of presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs with granulomatous steatitis associated with hypercalcaemia: six cases (2019‐2023)
Authors: Reyes‐Hughes H. , Bivand A. , Waters C. , Valiente P. , Adam F. , Rapastella S. , Barker E. N. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo report the presentation, treatment and outcome of dogs with granulomatous steatitis associated with total and ionised hypercalcaemia.MethodsSix dogs diagnosed with ionised and/or total hypercalcaemia and histologically diagnosed granulomatous steatitis were evaluated to determine the clinical signs, clinical findings, response to treatment and outcome. These cases were seen at different primary care and referral veterinary hospitals in the United Kingdom between 2019 and 2023.ResultsNo alternative aetiology to explain the total and/or ionised hypercalcaemia or steatitis was identified. The most common presenting signs were lethargy, anorexia or hyporexia, vomiting and polyuria/polydipsia. Other clinical signs included weight loss, discomfort and panting. Five out of the six dogs responded to prednisolone. Four dogs were alive at the time of writing, one dog was lost to follow‐up and one dog died 2 weeks post‐diagnosis.Clinical SignificanceIt is well‐established that granulomatous disease can cause hypercalcaemia. In this case series we found granulomatous steatitis associated with total and/or ionised hypercalcaemia. Dogs diagnosed with granulomatous steatitis should have ionised calcium measured, which may prompt further diagnostics and treatment options. Dogs with hypercalcaemia should be evaluated for evidence of steatitis where more common differentials have been excluded.
Incidence and risk factors of nocturnal penetrations and aspirations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during drug‐induced sedation endoscopy
Authors: Vainer Igor , Allon Raviv , Shapira‐Galitz Yael , Strinkovsky Lior , Toh Song Tar , Loh Shaun , Alkan Uri 
Published: August 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea has been linked to an increased risk of pneumonia, possibly due to higher rates of nighttime aspirations. Few studies have directly investigated such aspirations in individuals with sleep apnea. This retrospective study included 142 adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent drug‐induced sedation endoscopy between 2017 and 2020. The incidence of penetrations and aspirations during the procedure was assessed, along with potential associated factors. The results showed that 28.1% of the patients experienced penetrations, 48.5% had aspirations, and 23.2% had neither. Male gender and epiglottic collapse were significantly associated with both penetrations and aspirations, while oropharyngeal collapse was more common in those without these events. This study highlights a high rate of aspirations during the procedure in individuals with sleep apnea, with epiglottic collapse and male gender identified as potential risk factors. These findings underscore the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of nighttime aspirations in sleep apnea and to develop targeted strategies to reduce pneumonia risk in this population.
Benzodiazepine‐receptor agonist prescription in a population of hospitalised patients in four psychogeriatric units in Switzerland
Authors: Dalmau i Ribas Maria , Sauser Julien , Gillès de Pélichy Estelle , Méndez Rubio Montserrat , Schuster Jean‐Pierre , Von Gunten Armin , Haba‐Rubio José 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study is to describe the patterns of prescription of benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists in hospitalised patients in four psychogeriatric units in Switzerland. This is a retrospective cross‐sectional study that included patients aged 65 years or more hospitalised in one of the four psychogeriatric units of a university hospital in Switzerland during 2019. The presence, type and dose of benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists was assessed at admission and at discharge. Three‐hundred and eighty‐six patients (214 women, 78.2 ± 8.1 years) were included in the study; 33.4% of patients had at least one benzodiazepine‐receptor agonist at admission and 22.5% at discharge. The relative reduction of benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists prescription in standardised dose was 78%. Age was found to be a protective factor against benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists prescription at admission (adjusted odds ratio 0.94, confidence interval 0.91–0.98), and diagnosis of substance abuse was found to be a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio 4.43, confidence interval 1.42–17.02). Longer hospital stays (> 14 days) were associated with higher reduction of benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists. The prevalence of a prescription of benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists at admission was high, but during the psychogeriatric hospitalisation benzodiazepine‐receptor agonists prescription decreased both in absolute and relative terms.
Bonding positional accuracy of attachments and marginal adaptation of in‐house aligners – A quality improvement laboratory study
Authors: Brandão Nathália Moraes Carvalho Barreto , Maia Raiane Machado , Gomes Victor de Morais , Resende Carolina , Antunes Alberto Nogueira da Gama , Souki Bernardo Quiroga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the 3D accuracy of attachment positioning and the adaptation of aligners to attachments using in‐house templates made with either polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) or ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) and either pressure or vacuum thermoforming machines.Materials and MethodsOverall, 140 test specimens were resin‐printed. Templates for the attachment bonding were made with 1‐mm EVA or 0.5‐mm PETG laminates. Orthodontic aligners were manufactured with 0.75‐mm PETG. The thermoplastification process was carried out using either vacuum or pressure machines. The positional differences between the virtual and bonded attachments were assessed in the X, Y and Z coordinates. The marginal adaptation between the aligners and the attachments was measured.ResultsMinor inaccuracies in the positioning of the attachments were observed in all combinations of thermoforming machines and plastic laminates used to fabricate the templates, mainly in the superior–inferior (Z) dimension. PETG performed better than EVA in the anterior region (p < .05). No association was found between thermoplastification machines and the accuracy of the positioning of the attachments (p > .05). While small misadaptations between the aligners and the attachments were observed, the EVA templates performed better than the PETG templates.ConclusionsThe inaccuracy of the attachment positioning and the misadaptation of the aligners to the attachments were slight. The vacuum and pressure thermoplastification machines showed no difference in attachment positioning accuracy. The PETG template was better than the EVA template in the anterior region, but the EVA attachments presented a better adaptation to the aligners than the PETG attachments.
Prevalence and Diagnostic Agreement of Sarcopenia Based on Handgrip Strength and 5‐Time Chair‐Stand Test Among Chinese Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Li Yu‐Hua , Wang Xiu‐Hua , Ya Shi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHandgrip strength and the 5‐time chair‐stand test are the two important muscle strength measures run through the whole sarcopenia diagnosis algorithm. There is a lack of evidence to confirm which muscle strength measures have a higher detection rate of sarcopenia among Chinese older adults, which is a challenge for community workers to choose the muscle strength measures and to identify more sarcopenia in clinical practice.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence and diagnostic agreement of sarcopenia based on handgrip strength and the 5‐time chair‐stand test among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study sampled 1027 community‐dwelling older adults from Hunan, China. We used handgrip strength and the 5‐time chair‐stand test to assess participants' muscle strength and used gait speed and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) to assess physical performance and skeletal muscle mass, respectively. The kappa values of the agreement test were used to evaluate the agreement of handgrip strength and 5‐time chair‐stand tests in the assessment of sarcopenia.ResultsA total of 1027 participants were included in this analysis including 337 males and 690 females with an average age of 70.35 ± 7.24 years. The prevalence of possible sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia based on handgrip strength was 50.8%, 20.3% and 14.5% respectively, while the corresponding prevalence for using the 5‐time chair‐stand test was 27.6%, 10.8% and 10.9%. The kappa value of the consistency test between handgrip strength and 5‐time chair‐stand test in the assessment of possible sarcopenia, confirmed and severe sarcopenia was 0.26, 0.51 and 0.62, respectively (p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsThe prevalence of possible sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia based on handgrip strength was significantly higher than that of the 5‐time chair‐stand test. We recommend handgrip strength as the preferred method of muscle strength measurement for Chinese community‐dwelling older adults and use 5‐time chair‐stand tests when handgrip strength is not available.Implications for PracticeThe findings provide information and suggestions to healthcare providers for choosing the muscle strength measures to detect more sarcopenia in clinical practice. Compared with the 5‐time chair‐stand test, handgrip strength has a better performance to identify sarcopenia in Chinese community‐dwelling older adults.
Soybean transcription factor GmNF‐YB20 confers resistance to stripe rust in transgenic wheat by regulating nonspecific lipid transfer protein genes
Authors: Bai Xingxuan , Goher Farhan , Qu Chenfei , Guo Jia , Liu Shuai , Pu Lefan , Zhan Gangming , Kang Zhensheng , Guo Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWorldwide food security is severely threatened by the devastating wheat stripe rust disease. The utilization of resistant wheat cultivars represents the most cost‐effective and efficient strategy for combating this disease. However, the lack of resistant resources has been a major bottleneck in breeding for wheat disease resistance. Therefore, revealing novel gene resources for combating stripe rust and elucidating the underlying resistance mechanism is of utmost urgency. In this study, we identified that the soybean NF‐YB transcription factor GmNF‐YB20 in wheat provides resistance to the stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst). Wheat lines with stable overexpression of the GmNF‐YB20 enhanced resistance against multiple Pst races. Transcriptome profiling of GmNF‐YB20 transgenic wheat under Pst infection unveiled its involvement in the lipid signaling pathway. RT‐qPCR assays suggested that GmNF‐YB20 increased transcript levels of multiple nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) genes during wheat‐Pst interaction, luciferase reporter analysis illustrates that it activates the transcription of TaLTP1.50 in wheat protoplast, and GmNF‐YB20 overexpressed wheat plants had higher total LTP content in vivo during Pst infection. Overexpression of TaLTP1.50 in wheat significantly increased resistance to Pst, whereas knockdown of TaLTP1.50 exhibited the opposite trends, indicating that TaLTP1.50 plays a positive role in wheat resistance. Taken together, our findings provide perspective regarding the molecular mechanism of GmNF‐YB20 in wheat and highlight the potential use for wheat breeding.
An update on tinea capitis in children
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Polla Ravi Shruthi , Wang Tong , Faour Sara , Bamimore Mary A. , Heath Candrice R. , Friedlander Sheila Fallon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTinea capitis presents a significant public health care challenge due to its contagious nature, and potential long‐term consequences if unrecognized and untreated. This review explores the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, impact on quality of life, and treatment options for pediatric tinea capitis. Epidemiological analysis spanning from 1990 to 1993 and 2020 to 2023 reveals prevalence patterns of pediatric tinea capitis influenced by geographic, demographic, and environmental factors. Notably, Trichophyton species is most prevalent in North America; however, Microsporum species remain the primary causative agent globally, with regional variations. Risk factors include close contact and environmental conditions, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures. Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, microscopic examination, and fungal culture. Various treatment modalities including systemic antifungals show efficacy, with terbinafine demonstrating superior mycological cure rates particularly for Trichophyton species. Recurrent infections and the potential development of resistance can pose challenges. Therefore, confirming the diagnosis, appropriately educating the patient/caregiver, accurate drug and dose utilization, and compliance are important components of clinical cure. Untreated or poorly treated tinea capitis can lead to chronic infection, social stigma, and psychological distress in affected children. Prevention strategies focus on early detection and healthy lifestyle habits. Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers and public health agencies are important in treating pediatric tinea capitis and improving patient outcomes. Education and awareness initiatives play a vital role in prevention and community‐level intervention to minimize spread of infection. Future research should explore diagnostic advances, novel treatments, and resistance mechanisms in order to mitigate the disease burden effectively.
Intelligent skin lesion segmentation using deformable attention Transformer U‐Net with bidirectional attention mechanism in skin cancer images
Authors: Cai Lili , Hou Keke , Zhou Su 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the increasing prevalence of skin cancers, particularly malignant melanoma, has become a major concern for public health. The development of accurate automated segmentation techniques for skin lesions holds immense potential in alleviating the burden on medical professionals. It is of substantial clinical importance for the early identification and intervention of skin cancer. Nevertheless, the irregular shape, uneven color, and noise interference of the skin lesions have presented significant challenges to the precise segmentation. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a high‐precision and intelligent skin lesion segmentation framework for clinical treatment.MethodsA precision‐driven segmentation model for skin cancer images is proposed based on the Transformer U‐Net, called BiADATU‐Net, which integrates the deformable attention Transformer and bidirectional attention blocks into the U‐Net. The encoder part utilizes deformable attention Transformer with dual attention block, allowing adaptive learning of global and local features. The decoder part incorporates specifically tailored scSE attention modules within skip connection layers to capture image‐specific context information for strong feature fusion. Additionally, deformable convolution is aggregated into two different attention blocks to learn irregular lesion features for high‐precision prediction.ResultsA series of experiments are conducted on four skin cancer image datasets (i.e., ISIC2016, ISIC2017, ISIC2018, and PH2). The findings show that our model exhibits satisfactory segmentation performance, all achieving an accuracy rate of over 96%.ConclusionOur experiment results validate the proposed BiADATU‐Net achieves competitive performance supremacy compared to some state‐of‐the‐art methods. It is potential and valuable in the field of skin lesion segmentation.