bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT WITHOUT THEORY, ONCE AGAIN
Authors: Greenwood Jeremy , Seshadri Ananth , Vandenbroucke Guillaume 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Bailey and Collins (2011) argue that Greenwood, Seshadri, and Vandenbroucke’s (2005) hypothesis that the baby boom was partly due to a burst of productivity in the household sector is not supported by evidence. This conclusion is based on regression results showing that appliance ownership is negatively correlated with fertility. They also argue that the Amish, who limit the use of modern technology, had a baby boom. First, it is demonstrated that a negative correlation between appliance ownership and fertility can arise naturally in Greenwood, Seshadri, and Vandenbroucke’s model. Second, evidence is presented casting doubt on the presumed technology phobia of the Amish.
Non-destructive μXRF analysis of glass and metal objects from sites in the Libyan pre-desert and Fazzan
Authors: Duckworth C.N. , Cuénod A. , Mattingly D.J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on the non-destructive analysis of 42 samples of copper alloy and glass from sites in Libya, using semi-quantitative μXRF, carried out as part of the work of the Trans-Sahara Project funded by the European Research Council. These are among the first chemical analyses to be performed on metals and glasses of any period found in Libya, and the results – though preliminary – raise some interesting possibilities. In particular, we discuss some possible indications with regard to the practice of recycling glasses, as evidenced through heterogeneous, malformed glass beads with variable quantities of lead. A glass mirror from Ghirza was also found to be backed in lead, and was probably the result of a glass-making technique still practised in recent times in India. The metal analysis has revealed evidence of a pre-Islamic trade in brass in the northern Sahara, as well as showing the presence of objects made from the mixing of different types of scrap metal, a process probably taking place at the Garamantian metalworking site of Saniat Jibril among other locations. The importance of further analysis of available Libyan and other North African metal artefacts and glasses for the contextualisation and extension of these findings is emphasised.
Parathyroid ectopia: development of a surgical algorithm based on operative findings
Authors: Gunasekaran S , Wallace H , Snowden C , Mikl D , England R J A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectives:To study the incidence of ectopic parathyroid adenomata from a single surgical series, and to devise a surgical algorithm from the results to follow when an adenoma cannot initially be located.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of prospectively collected data. The study comprised all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between June 2001 and February 2008 under the care of the senior author. A systematic surgical protocol was developed for locating ectopic superior and inferior parathyroid adenomata based on the order of incidence identified from the database.Results:Parathyroid ectopia occurs in approximately 10 per cent of hyperparathyroidism cases. It is more common in superior than inferior parathyroid glands. The most common superior location is the right retroesophageal position and the most common inferior location is within the left thymic remnant.Conclusion:Prospective data collection and subsequent analysis can be used to develop a systematic surgical protocol to aid the localisation of ectopic enlarged parathyroid glands in the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism.
Molecular sequence data from populations of Bryoria fuscescens s. lat. in the mountains of central Spain indicates a mismatch between haplotypes and chemotypes
Authors: Boluda Carlos G. , Rico Víctor J. , Crespo Ana , Divakar Pradeep K. , Hawksworth David L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn order to confirm and investigate the extent of reported mismatches between chemotypes and molecular sequence data in Bryoria fuscescens s. lat., we examined 15 morphologically similar thalli from each of three Pinus forest sites in the Sistema Central of central Spain. Three thalli were rejected due to infections by Phacopsis huuskonenii (not previously published from Spain). The remaining 42 thalli represented nine ITS rDNA haplotypes and four chemotypes (by TLC): fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids; norstictic and connorstictic acids; psoromic acid; and fumarprotocetraric, protocetraric and psoromic acids. The molecular phylogenetic tree was characterized by extremely short branch lengths, often only with a single mutational difference, and a single haplotype could have different chemical products. In some cases, adjacent specimens represented different chemotypes, and three thalli appeared to be mixed individuals. Consistency of both molecular and chemical data within individual specimens was demonstrated by examining four different parts of each thallus, which showed only a difference in the location of psoromic acid in some. This is the first population-level study of this taxon, and so it is premature to propose taxonomic changes at this time. Further populations in different parts of the geographical range of this widespread complex now need to be analyzed, and more sensitive chemical analyses conducted, in order to understand the basis of the variability and determine the appropriate taxonomic treatment.
Four new species ofOcellularia(lichenized Ascomycota:Graphidaceae) from Cuba, with a revised taxonomy of theO. bahianacomplex and a key to thelotremoid taxa with small, brown, (sub-)muriform ascospores
Authors: Lücking Robert , Pérez-Ortega Sergio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFour new species from Cuba are described in the genusOcellularia, emphasizing the importance of the Caribbean for the diversification of lichen fungi and the level of unrecognized species richness inOcellularia. Three of the new species belong in theO. bahianagroup:O. coronataLücking & Pérez-Ortega, differing fromO. bahianaby the ridged to folded thallus, vertically ridged apothecia, and complex columella largely covering the disc;O. fuscosporaLücking & Pérez-Ortega, differing fromO. urceolarisin the immersed to erumpent, columellate apothecia; andO. radiataLücking, differing fromO. bahianain the complex, radiating columella filling the disc. In contrast,Ocellularia nigririmisLücking & Pérez-Ortega is a species of theO. papillatamorphodeme with immersed apothecia with a small, black-rimmed pore filled by a greyish black columella, and small ascospores. We also clarify the taxonomy and nomenclature of columellate taxa in theO. bahianagroup and provide a key to all thelotremoidGraphidaceaewith small, brown, (sub-)muriform ascospores. The new combinationOcellularia lunensis(Nagarkar & Hale) Lücking is proposed.
Delayed emergence of subdiffraction-sized mutant huntingtin fibrils following inclusion body formation
Authors: Sahl Steffen J. , Lau Lana , Vonk Willianne I. M. , Weiss Lucien E. , Frydman Judith , Moerner W. E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAberrant aggregation of improperly folded proteins is the hallmark of several human neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's Disease (HD) with autosomal-dominant inheritance. In HD, expansion of the CAG-repeat-encoded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch beyond ~40 glutamines in huntingtin (Htt) and its N-terminal fragments leads to the formation of large (up to several μm) globular neuronal inclusion bodies (IBs) over time. We report direct observations of aggregating Htt exon 1 in living and fixed cells at enhanced spatial resolution by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and single-molecule super-resolution optical imaging. Fibrils of Htt exon 1 arise abundantly across the cytosolic compartment and also in neuritic processes only after nucleation and aggregation into a fairly advanced stage of growth of the prominent IB have taken place. Structural characterizations of fibrils by STED show a distinct length cutoff at ~1·5 µm and reveal subsequent coalescence (bundling/piling). Cytosolic fibrils are observed even at late stages in the process, side-by-side with the mature IB. Htt sequestration into the IB, which in neurons has been argued to be a cell-protective phenomenon, thus appears to saturate and over-power the cellular degradation systems and leaves cells vulnerable to further aggregation producing much smaller, potentially toxic, conformational protein species of which the fibrils may be comprised. We further found that exogenous delivery of the apical domain of the chaperonin subunit CCT1 to the cells via the cell medium reduced the aggregation propensity of mutant Htt exon 1 in general, and strongly reduced the occurrence of such late-stage fibrils in particular.
A “cohesive moral community” is already patrolling behavioral science
Authors: Ainslie George 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAuthors of non-liberal proposals experience more collegial objections than others do. These objections are often couched as criticism of determinism, reductionism, or methodological individualism, but from a scientific viewpoint such criticism could be easily answered. Underneath it is a wish to harness scientific belief in service of positive social values, at the cost of reducing objectivity.
Method and matter in the social sciences: Umbilically tied to the Enlightenment
Authors: Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis commentary deals with the nonconformity of academics and the ethos of social science. Academics in all fields deviate from majority norms in politics and religion, and this deviance may be essential to the academic mind and to academic norms. The Enlightenment legacy inspires both methods and subject matter in academic work, and severing ties with it may be impossible.
Liberal bias and the five-factor model
Authors: Charney Evan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDuarte et al. draw attention to the “embedding of liberal values and methods” in social psychological research. They note how these biases are often invisible to the researchers themselves. The authors themselves fall prey to these “invisible biases” by utilizing the five-factor model of personality and the trait of openness to experience as one possible explanation for the under-representation of political conservatives in social psychology. I show that the manner in which the trait of openness to experience is conceptualized and measured is a particularly blatant example of the very liberal bias the authors decry.
Towards a de-biased social psychology: The effects of ideological perspective go beyond politics
Authors: Funder David C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReasonable conservatives are in short supply and will not arrive to save social psychology any time soon. The field needs to save itself through de-biasing. The effects of a liberal worldview permeate and distort discussion of many topics that are not overtly political, including behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology, the fundamental attribution error, and the remarkably persistent consistency controversy.
A predominance of self-identified Democrats is no evidence of a leftward bias
Authors: Hilbig Benjamin E. , Moshagen Morten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reasoning of Duarte et al. hinges on the basic premise that a positive ratio of Democrats versus Republicans implies a political bias. However, when placed in a global and historical context, it is evident that U.S. Democrats currently represent a moderate position on the political left–right spectrum. Thus, Duarte et al. provide no evidence of a leftward bias in the scientific community.
Political bias, explanatory depth, and narratives of progress
Authors: Pinker Steven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPolitical bias has indeed been a distorter of psychology, not just in particular research areas but in an aversion to the explanatory depth available from politically fraught fields like evolution. I add two friendly amendments to the target article: (1) The leftist moral narrative may be based on zero-sum competition among identity groups rather than continuous progress; and (2) ideological bias should be dealt with not just via diversity of ideological factions but by minimizing the influence of ideology altogether.
Sociopolitical insularity is psychology's Achilles heel
Authors: Redding Richard E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcademic psychology has become increasingly non-diverse politically, which skews and impedes social psychological science (as Duarte et al. argue). We should embrace viewpoint diversity, especially since the arguments favoring sociopolitical diversity are identical to those for demographic and cultural diversity. Doing so will produce a more robust, open, and creative psychological science that is informed and tested by a multiplicity of sociopolitical paradigms.
Recognizing and coping with our own prejudices: Fighting liberal bias without conservative input
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis commentary summarizes my struggle to overcome liberal bias without conservative input. I generally assume I am biased and constantly try to build a good-quality argument for the opposite view. Trying to dispense with one's liberal values can help, if one is willing. Frequent self-tests help. Liberal biases include race, gender, and poverty, but also dislike of business corporations and even Western civilization. Feminism is the single strongest and most powerful bias.
Combination effects of epidermal growth factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on the in vitro developmental potential of porcine oocytes
Authors: Valleh Mehdi Vafaye , Rasmussen Mikkel Aabech , Hyttel Poul 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe developmental potential of in vitro matured porcine oocytes is still lower than that of oocytes matured and fertilized in vivo. Major problems that account for the lower efficiency of in vitro production include the improper nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes. With the aim of improving this issue, the single and combined effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on oocyte developmental competence were investigated. Porcine cumulus–oocyte cell complexes (COCs) were matured in serum-free medium supplemented with EGF (0, 10 or 50 ng/ml) and/or GDNF (0, 10 or 50 ng/ml) for 44 h, and subsequently subjected to fertilization and cultured for 7 days in vitro. The in vitro-formed blastocysts derived from selected growth factor groups (i.e. EGF = 50 ng/ml; GDNF = 50 ng/ml; EGF = 50 ng/ml + GDNF = 50 ng/ml) were also used for mRNA expression analysis, or were subjected to Hoechst staining. The results showed that the addition of EGF and/or GDNF during oocyte maturation dose dependently enhanced oocyte developmental competence. Compared with the embryos obtained from control or single growth factor-treated oocytes, treatment with the combination of EGF and GDNF was shown to significantly improve oocyte competence in terms of blastocyst formation, blastocyst cell number and blastocyst hatching rate (P < 0.05), and also simultaneously induced the expression of BCL-xL and TERT and suppressed the expression of caspase-3 in resulting blastocysts (P < 0.05). These results suggest that both GDNF and EGF may play an important role in the regulation of porcine in vitro oocyte maturation and the combination of these growth factors could promote oocyte competency and blastocyst quality.
Sliding tethered ligands add topological interactions to the toolbox of ligand–receptor design
Authors: Bauer Martin , Kékicheff Patrick , Iss Jean , Fajolles Christophe , Charitat Thierry , Daillant Jean , Marques Carlos M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdhesion in the biological realm is mediated by specific lock-and-key interactions between ligand–receptor pairs. These complementary moieties are ubiquitously anchored to substrates by tethers that control the interaction range and the mobility of the ligands and receptors, thus tuning the kinetics and strength of the binding events. Here we add sliding anchoring to the toolbox of ligand–receptor design by developing a family of tethered ligands for which the spacer can slide at the anchoring point. Our results show that this additional sliding degree of freedom changes the nature of the adhesive contact by extending the spatial range over which binding may sustain a significant force. By introducing sliding tethered ligands with self-regulating length, this work paves the way for the development of versatile and reusable bio-adhesive substrates with potential applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Collective Motion of Swarming Agents Evolving on a Sphere Manifold: A Fundamental Framework and Characterization
Authors: Li Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCollective motion of self-propelled agents has attracted much attention in vast disciplines. However, almost all investigations focus on such agents evolving in the Euclidean space, with rare concern of swarms on non-Euclidean manifolds. Here we present a novel and fundamental framework for agents evolving on a sphere manifold, with which a variety of concrete cooperative-rules of agents can be designed separately and integrated easily into the framework, which may perhaps pave a way for considering generalspherical collective motion(SCM) of a swarm. As an example, one concrete cooperative-rule, i.e., thespherical direction-alignment(SDA), is provided, which corresponds to the usual and popular direction-alignment rule in the Euclidean space. The SCM of the agents with the SDA has many unique statistical properties and phase-transitions that are unexpected in the counterpart models evolving in the Euclidean space, which unveils that the topology of the sphere has an important impact on swarming emergence.
Photo-activatable Cre recombinase regulates gene expression in vivo
Authors: Schindler Suzanne E. , McCall Jordan G. , Yan Ping , Hyrc Krzystof L. , Li Mingjie , Tucker Chandra L. , Lee Jin-Moo , Bruchas Michael R. , Diamond Marc I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTechniques allowing precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression in the brain are needed. Herein we describe optogenetic approaches using a photo-activatable Cre recombinase (PA-Cre) to stably modify gene expression in the mouse brain. Blue light illumination for 12 hours via optical fibers activated PA-Cre in the hippocampus, a deep brain structure. Two-photon illumination through a thinned skull window for 100 minutes activated PA-Cre within a sub-millimeter region of cortex. Light activation of PA-Cre may allow permanent gene modification with improved spatiotemporal precision compared to standard methods.
Clinicopathological significance of c-KIT mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Lin , Zou Lei , Zhao Wenhua , Wang Yansen , Liu Bo , Yao Hongliang , Yu Haihua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany types of KIT mutations have been observed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but their prognostic and predictive significance are still unclear. A meta-analysis and literature review were conducted to estimate the contribution of KIT mutations in prognostic parameters and clinic-pathological significance of GISTs. A total of 18 relevant articles from PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were included in this study. The frequency of KIT mutation was significantly increased in the GIST patients with higher mitosis (≥5/50 high-power fields (HPFs) and larger size (≥5 cm) of tumors than in those with lower MI (≤5/50HPFs) and smaller size (≤5 cm) of GISTs respectively. The rate of KIT mutation was not significantly changed between GISTs in stomachs and in small intestines. KIT mutational status has prognostic significance for patients’ outcome. GIST patients with KIT exon 9 mutations have higher risk of progression than those with exon 11 mutations. 5 year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate was significantly higher in patients with KIT exon 11 deletion than in those with other type of KIT exon 11 mutations. The deletion involving KIT exon 11, particularly codons 557–558, is a valuable predictor of prognosis for patients with GISTs.
A comparative study for the inactivation of multidrug resistance bacteria using dielectric barrier discharge and nano-second pulsed plasma
Authors: Hoon Park Ji , Kumar Naresh , Hoon Park Dae , Yusupov Maksudbek , Neyts Erik C. , Verlackt Christof C. W. , Bogaerts Annemie , Ho Kang Min , Sup Uhm Han , Ha Choi Eun , Attri Pankaj 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBacteria can be inactivated through various physical and chemical means and these have always been the focus of extensive research. To further improve the methodology for these ends, two types of plasma systems were investigated: nano-second pulsed plasma (NPP) as liquid discharge plasma and an Argon gas-feeding dielectric barrier discharge (Ar-DBD) as a form of surface plasma. To understand the sterilizing action of these two different plasma sources, we performed experiments with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria (wild type) and multidrug resistant bacteria (Penicillum-resistant, Methicillin-resistant and Gentamicin-resistant). We observed that both plasma sources can inactivate both the wild type and multidrug-resistant bacteria to a good extent. Moreover, we observed a change in the surface morphology, gene expression and β-lactamase activity. Furthermore, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the variation in functional groups (C-H/C-C, C-OH and C=O) of the peptidoglycan (PG) resulting from exposure to plasma species. To obtain atomic scale insight in the plasma-cell interactions and support our experimental observations, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of plasma species, such as OH, H2O2, O, O3, as well as O2 and H2O, on the dissociation/formation of above mentioned functional groups in PG.
Ultraviolet light triggers the conversion of Cu2+-bound Aβ42 aggregates into cytotoxic species in a copper chelation-independent manner
Authors: Dong Xiongwei , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Dan , Liu Yaojing , Meng Yan , Zhang Yong , Zhang Dan , Liu Changlin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that abnormal Cu2+ binding to Aβ peptides are responsible for the formation of soluble Aβ oligomers and ROS that play essential roles in AD pathogenesis. During studying the Cu2+-chelating treatment of Cu2+-bound Aβ42 aggregates, we found that UV light exposure pronouncedly enhances cytotoxicity of the chelator-treated and -untreated Cu2+-bound Aβ42 aggregates. This stimulated us to thoroughly investigate (1) either the chelation treatment or UV light exposure leads to the increased cytotoxicity of the aggregates and (2) why the chelator-treated and -untreated Cu2+-bound Aβ42 aggregates exhibit the increased cytotoxicity following UV light exposure if the latter is the case. The data indicated that the controlled UV exposure induced the dissociation of Cu2+-free and -bound Aβ42 aggregates into SDS-stable soluble oligomers and the production of ROS including H2O2 in an UV light intensity- and time-dependent, but Cu2+ chelation-independent manner. Although we can’t fully understand the meaning of this finding at the current stage, the fact that the UV illuminated Aβ42 aggregates can efficiently kill HeLa cells implies that the aggregates after UV light exposure could be used to decrease the viability of skin cancer cells through skin administration.