bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton GhBAK1 Mediates Verticillium Wilt Resistance and Cell Death
Authors: Gao Xiquan , Li Fangjun , Li Maoying , Kianinejad Ali S. , Dever Jane K. , Wheeler Terry A. , Li Zhaohu , He Ping , Shan Libo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVirus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a powerful approach for functional analysis of individual genes by knocking down their expression. We have adopted this approach to dissect gene functions in cotton resistant to Verticillium wilt, one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. We showed here that highly efficient VIGS was obtained in a cotton breeding line (CA4002) with partial resistance to Verticillium wilt, and GhMKK2 and GhVe1 are required for its resistance to Verticillium wilt. Arabidopsis AtBAK1/SERK3, a central regulator in plant disease resistance, belongs to a subfamily of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) with five members, AtSERK1 to AtSERK5. Two BAK1 orthologs and one SERK1 ortholog were identified in the cotton genome. Importantly, GhBAK1 is required for CA4002 resistance to Verticillium wilt. Surprisingly, silencing of GhBAK1 is sufficient to trigger cell death accompanied with production of reactive oxygen species in cotton. This result is distinct from Arabidopsis in which AtBAK1 and AtSERK4 play redundant functions in cell death control. Apparently, cotton has only evolved SERK1 and BAK1 whereas AtSERK4/5 are newly evolved genes in Arabidopsis. Our studies indicate the functional importance of BAK1 in Verticillium wilt resistance and suggest the dynamic evolution of SERK family members in different plant species.
Beneficial effect of a multimerized immunoglobulin Fc in an animal model of inflammatory neuropathy (experimental autoimmune neuritis)
Authors: Niknami Marzieh , Wang Min‐Xia , Nguyen Toan , Pollard John D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is one of the first‐line therapies for inflammatory neuropathies. Clinical use of IVIg for these disorders is limited by expense and availability. Here, we investigated a synthetic product alternative to IVIg. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of a novel recombinant polyvalent murine IgG2a Fc compound (stradomer™) in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). Seventy‐four Lewis rats were immunized with myelin, randomized into three groups, and were treated with albumin, IVIg, or stradomer at 1% of IVIg dose. Rats were assessed clinically, electrophysiologically, and histologically. The clinical disease severity was evaluated by clinical grading and weight changes. The electrophysiological studies recorded motor conduction velocity (MCV), amplitudes, and latencies of the evoked compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and spinal somatosensory evoked potential. The treatment efficacy of the IVIg and stradomer groups was compared to the albumin (control) group. We demonstrate that stradomer has a similar therapeutic efficacy to human IVIg in EAN. Rats receiving stradomer or IVIg showed significantly lower clinical scores and less prominent weight loss compared with controls. A statistically significant improvement in both MCV and the amplitudes of distal and proximal evoked CMAP was observed in the stradomer and IVIg groups. Finally, treatment with both IVIg and stradomer resulted in statistically less inflammation and demyelinating changes in the sciatic nerve as evidenced by lower histological grade. These results reveal the potential of using fully recombinant multimerized immunoglobulin Fc instead of IVIg for treating inflammatory neuropathies.
Effects of Motivational Interviewing Intervention on Blackouts Among College Freshmen
Authors: Kazemi Donna M. , Levine Maureen J. , Dmochowski Jacek , Nies Mary A. , Sun Linman 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeAlcohol and illicit drug abuse is a serious public health issue facing college students. This study examined the impact of motivational interviewing (MI) as an intervention on the rate of blackouts among freshmen who engaged in high‐risk drinking and illicit drug use.DesignA sample of 188 volunteer freshmen from a university were administered the Daily Drinking Questionnaire, the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index, and the Government Performance and Results Act at baseline and again at 6 months postintervention. MI was applied at baseline and then again at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months.MethodsGeneralized estimated equations and logistic regression models were used to determine associations between the rate of blackouts and time, ethnicity, gender, illicit drug use, and alcohol consumption.FindingsAt 6 months, the rate of blackouts decreased from 40% at baseline to 16% (p < .0001). The average number, time, and days of drinking and frequency of drug use also decreased significantly (p < .0001). An association between rate of blackouts and gender was observed, but not with ethnicity.ConclusionsMI had an impact on reducing alcohol consumption and the rate of blackouts among college freshmen who were engaging in high‐risk drinking and illicit drug use.Clinical RelevanceThe findings support the importance of using MI with freshmen college students to decrease drinking and the associated negative consequences, including blackouts, which has particular relevance for advanced practice registered nurses, physicians, and community health nurses who conduct MI as an intervention with college students.
Self‐Fulfilling Liquidity Dry‐Ups
Authors: MALHERBE FREDERIC 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTI analyze a model in which holding cash imposes a negative externality: it worsens future adverse selection in markets for long‐term assets, which impairs their role for liquidity provision. Adverse selection worsens when potential sellers of long‐term assets hold more cash because then fewer sales reflect cash needs, and proportionally more sales reflect private information. Moreover, future market illiquidity makes current cash holding more appealing. This feedback effect may result in hoarding behavior and a market breakdown, which I interpret as a self‐fulfilling liquidity dry‐up. This mechanism suggests that imposing liquidity requirements on financial institutions may backfire.
Experimentally created unilateral anterior crossbite induces a degenerative ossification phenotype in mandibular condyle of growing Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Zhang X. , Dai J. , Lu L. , Zhang J. , Zhang M. , Wang Y. , Guo M. , Wang X. , Wang M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe effect of unilateral anterior crossbite on the remodelling of mandibular condyle needs to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of experimentally created unilateral anterior crossbite on the remodelling of mandibular condyle and explore the changes in the expression of relevant transcription factors and growth factors. The experimental unilateral anterior crossbite was created in 6‐week‐old female growing rats by bonding metal tubes to the left pairs of incisors. Remodelings of mandibular condylar cartilage was assessed histologically at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Protein and mRNA levels of Sox9, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix (Osx), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFβr2) and type X collagen (ColX) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR, while alkaline phosphatise (ALP) by histochemistry and real‐time PCR. Decreased ratio of hypertrophic cartilage layer was noticed in the 4w experimental group versus controls. At all the time points, the expression of Sox9 and ALP increased but that of TGFβ1 and TGFβr2 decreased in experimental groups (P < 0·05). The expression of Runx2, Osx and Col X increased at 2w, but decrease at 4w (P < 0·05). The results that obvious cartilage degradation and altered expression of related transcription factors and growth factors were detected in the mandibular condyles of the experimental group suggested that the present unilateral anterior crossbite plays an adverse role in the TMJ, and thus leading to the degenerative endochondral ossification.
Albumin administration protects against bilirubin‐induced auditory brainstem dysfunction in Gunn rat pups
Authors: Schreuder Andrea B. , Rice Ann C. , Vanikova Jana , Vitek Libor , Shapiro Steven M. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundFree bilirubin (Bf), the unbound fraction of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), can induce neurotoxicity, including impairment of the auditory system, which can be assessed by brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). We hypothesized that albumin might reduce the risk of neurotoxicity by decreasing Bf and its translocation into the brain.AimTo determine the effects of albumin on BAEPs and brain bilirubin content in two Gunn rat pup models of acute hyperbilirubinemia.MethodsWe used Gunn rat pups, which have a deficiency of the bilirubin‐conjugating enzyme UGT1A1. We induced haemolysis by injection of phenylhydrazine (phz) into 14‐days old pups. Subsequently, pups were treated with either i.p. human serum albumin (HSA; 2.5 g/kg; n = 8) or saline (control, n = 8). We induced acute neurotoxicity by injecting 16‐days old pups with sulphadimethoxine (sulpha) and treated them with either HSA (n = 9) or saline (control, n = 10). To assess bilirubin neurotoxicity, we used the validated BAEP method and compared relevant parameters; i.e. peak latency values and interwave interval (IWI) between peak I and peak II, a marker of acute neurotoxicity.ResultsPhz and sulpha significantly increased IWI I‐II by 26% and 29% (P < 0.05) in the haemolysis and the displacement model, respectively. Albumin completely prevented the increase of IWI I‐II in either model. The beneficial effect of albumin in the displacement‐model by means of normal BAEPs was in line with less bilirubin in the brain (NS). Interestingly, in the haemolysis model the accumulation of total bilirubin in the brain was unaltered, and BAEPs still appeared normal. This might advocate for a role of brain Bf which was calculated and showed that albumin treatment non‐significantly reduces Bf concentrations in brain, compared with saline treatment.ConclusionsAlbumin treatment is neuroprotective in acute hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rat pups. Our present results underline the importance of functional diagnostic test of neurotoxicity above biochemical concentrations.
FDA and EMA end points: which outcome end points should we use in clinical trials in patients with irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: Corsetti M. , Tack J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTrial design and endpoints for the evaluation of drug efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) underwent major changes over the last two decades. A systematic review in the early 1990s concluded that there were few well‐designed and well‐executed treatment trials in IBS. Over the next decade, the so‐called binary endpoints were used in several clinical trials in IBS in the US, Europe and other parts of the world. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a general guidance for the evaluation of symptom benefit in clinical trials based on patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures, which had a major impact on trial design in IBS. In May 2012, the FDA recommended to use as provisional endpoint the quantification of two major IBS aspects, abdominal pain and disordered defecation, to assess the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in IBS. In the present issue of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, the performance of the FDA Responder Endpoint for clinical trials in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation was evaluated using data from two large Phase III clinical trials of linaclotide. The FDA interim endpoints are clinically relevant as they are also able to capture the smallest patient‐reported difference in the domain of Abdominal Pain intensity and Abnormal Defecation with good diagnostic accuracy. The FDA responder definition and the European Medicines Agency responder definitions generate similar response rates, while binary endpoints generate higher responder rates. The implications for optimalization and harmonisation are discussed.
Interpreting Thematic Relations Cyclically
Authors: Fujii Tomohiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDefending the movement theory of control, Bowers (2008) suggests a possibility that thematic relations are interpreted in a cyclic manner. I argue that this conception of thematic interpretation enables the movement theory of control to respond to one existing empirical argument against it, which concerns cases where an argument apparently cannot raise from a non‐θ‐position to a θ‐position to allegedly satisfy the θ‐Criterion. The central proposal is that the problem does not arise if the θ‐Criterion is formulated to apply phase by phase to detect the thematic uninterpretability of the derivation in on‐line fashion. I also argue that the proposal allows us to further motivate the “equivalence of Merge and Move” thesis discussed by Chomsky (2004,2005,2008).
Spatial Organisation of Consumer Services in the Polycentric Urban Context: A Travel Behaviour Approach of Cinema‐Going in the City‐Region of Rotterdam
Authors: Romein Arie , Maat Kees 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSo far, the growing body of research on polycentric urban structures has paid relatively little attention to spatial patterns of service consumption. There have been suggestions that the conventional central place model can no longer adequately describe and explain the patterns in contemporary polycentric urban areas and regions, and that it should be replaced by a new ‘network’ model. Though the network model is still in need of elaboration, several of its key notions are recognisable in this case study on cinema‐going in the city‐region of Rotterdam. However, this study also makes clear that the current ‘prototype’ of the network model needs to be enhanced by attention to the broad issue why people choose to visit certain service venues, including considerations regarding spatial factors but non‐spatial factors like qualities of service venues, before it can serve as a valid model for future study.
Association, among very‐low‐birthweight neonates, between red blood cell transfusions in the week after birth and severe intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Baer Vickie L. , Lambert Diane K. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Eggert Larry D. , Henry Erick 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPrevious reports describe a statistical association, among very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) neonates, between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the first days after birth and development of severe intraventricular (brain) hemorrhage (IVH).Study Design and MethodsWe hypothesized that after we established a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) transfusion management program in 2009, a decrease in early (first week after birth) RBC transfusion rate and a decrease in the incidence of severe IVH occurred concomitantly.ResultsDuring a 9‐year period 2716 VLBW neonates were admitted to our NICUs. In 2004, 58% of VLBW neonates received one or more RBC transfusions during the first week. After a transfusion compliance program was established in 2009, this rate declined, reaching 25% by 2012. In parallel, the severe IVH rate also declined, from 17% in 2004 to 8% in 2012 (R2 = 0.73). IVH occurred in 27% of those who received a RBC transfusion during the first week versus less than 2% of those with no early transfusion (p < 0.001). The decrease in IVH rate occurred exclusively among neonates born in an Intermountain Healthcare perinatal center and not among those initially cared for in an “outside” hospital and subsequently transported to an Intermountain NICU.ConclusionsIt remains unclear whether transfusing VLBW neonates during the first days after birth is a proximate cause of IVH. However, the present report is consistent with previous studies showing that successful efforts to reduce early RBC transfusions is associated with a decrease in the incidence of severe IVH.
Novel acyclic nucleotide analogues GS‐343074 and GS‐424044 demonstrate antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic activity in canine neoplastic cell lines
Authors: Lawrence J. A. , Huelsmeyer M. K. , Thamm D. H. , Tumas D. B. , Birkus G. , Kurzman I. , Vail D. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGS‐9219, a novel prodrug of the nucleotide analogue 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG) has significant activity as monotherapy in dogs with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Phase I trials have been initiated in humans based on the encouraging activity observed in canine lymphoma. Two new analogues ofGS‐9219 (GS‐343074 andGS‐424044) were recently produced for evaluation as potential novel antineoplastic agents against solid tumours. As a preclinical step, effect ofGS‐343074 andGS‐424044 were evaluated against ten canine cancer cell lines for antiproliferative effect. Both analogues displayed antiproliferative activity against multiple canine cancer cell lines, althoughGS‐343074 was more potent and of broader spectrum compared toGS‐424044. Flow cytometric analysis of cells that experienced growth inhibition support apoptotic death as a mechanism of action for both analogues. On the basis ofin vitroresults described here,GS‐343074 andGS‐424044 show promise as novel anticancer agents in canine cancer.
Highly Dynamic Cellular-Level Response of Symbiotic Coral to a Sudden Increase in Environmental Nitrogen
Authors: Kopp C. , Pernice M. , Domart-Coulon I. , Djediat C. , Spangenberg J. E. , Alexander D. T. L. , Hignette M. , Meziane T. , Meibom A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Metabolic interactions with endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellate
Symbiodinium
spp. are fundamental to reef-building corals (Scleractinia) thriving in nutrient-poor tropical seas. Yet, detailed understanding at the single-cell level of nutrient assimilation, translocation, and utilization within this fundamental symbiosis is lacking. Using pulse-chase
15
N labeling and quantitative ion microprobe isotopic imaging (NanoSIMS; nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry), we visualized these dynamic processes in tissues of the symbiotic coral
Pocillopora damicornis
at the subcellular level. Assimilation of ammonium, nitrate, and aspartic acid resulted in rapid incorporation of nitrogen into uric acid crystals (after ~45 min), forming temporary N storage sites within the dinoflagellate endosymbionts. Subsequent intracellular remobilization of this metabolite was accompanied by translocation of nitrogenous compounds to the coral host, starting at ~6 h. Within the coral tissue, nitrogen is utilized in specific cellular compartments in all four epithelia, including mucus chambers, Golgi bodies, and vesicles in calicoblastic cells. Our study shows how nitrogen-limited symbiotic corals take advantage of sudden changes in nitrogen availability; this opens new perspectives for functional studies of nutrient storage and remobilization in microbial symbioses in changing reef environments.

IMPORTANCE
The methodology applied, combining transmission electron microscopy with nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging of coral tissue labeled with stable isotope tracers, allows quantification and submicrometric localization of metabolic fluxes in an intact symbiosis. This study opens the way for investigations of physiological adaptations of symbiotic systems to nutrient availability and for increasing knowledge of global nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycling.
The Outer Surface Lipoprotein VolA Mediates Utilization of Exogenous Lipids by Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Pride Aaron C. , Herrera Carmen M. , Guan Ziqiang , Giles David K. , Trent M. Stephen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Previous work from our laboratory showed that the Gram-negative aquatic pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
can take up a much wider repertoire of fatty acids than other Gram-negative organisms. The current work elaborated on the ability of
V. cholerae
to exploit an even more diverse pool of lipid nutrients from its environment. We have demonstrated that the bacterium can use lysophosphatidylcholine as a metabolite for growth. Using a combination of thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, we also showed that lysophosphatidylcholine-derived fatty acid moieties can be used for remodeling the
V. cholerae
membrane architecture. Furthermore, we have identified a lysophospholipase, VolA (
Vibrio
outer membrane lysophospholipase A), required for these activities. The enzyme is well conserved in
Vibrio
species, is coexpressed with the outer membrane fatty acid transporter FadL, is one of very few surface-exposed lipoprotein enzymes to be identified in Gram-negative bacteria and the first instance of a surface lipoprotein phospholipase. We propose a model whereby the bacterium efficiently couples the liberation of fatty acid from lysophosphatidylcholine to its subsequent metabolic uptake. An expanded ability to scavenge diverse environmental lipids at the bacterial surface increases overall bacterial fitness and promotes homeoviscous adaptation through membrane remodeling.

IMPORTANCE
Our understanding of how bacteria utilize environmental lipid sources has been limited to lipids such as fatty acids and cholesterol. This narrow scope may be attributed to both the intricate nature of lipid uptake mechanisms and the diversity of lipid substrates encountered within an ecological niche. By examining the ability of the pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
to utilize exogenous lipids, we uncovered a surface-exposed lipoprotein (VolA) that is required for processing the prevalent host lipid lysophosphatidylcholine. VolA functions as a lipase liberating a fatty acid from exogenous lysophospholipids. The freed fatty acid is then transported into the cell, serving as a carbon source, or shunted into phospholipid synthesis for membrane assembly. A limited number of surface-exposed lipoproteins have been found in Gram-negative organisms, and few have enzymatic function. This work highlights the ability of bacteria to exploit exogenous lipids for both maintenance of the membrane and carbon source acquisition.
Injury initiates unfavourable weight gain and obesity markers in youth
Authors: Myer Gregory D , Faigenbaum Avery D , Foss Kim Barber , Xu Yingying , Khoury Jane , Dolan Lawrence M , McCambridge Teri M , Hewett Timothy E 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the association of knee injuries with subsequent changes in body mass index and body composition during maturation in young females.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate young females active in soccer or basketball (N=862). Participants who completed at least 1-year follow-up to provide consecutive annual measures of BMIZ and %fat were included in the study analysis to determine the effect of knee injuries on the trajectory of these obesity markers in youth.ResultsOf the 71 reported knee injuries, 12 (17%) occurred in athletes at the prepubertal stage, 24 (34%) in athletes at the pubertal stage, and 35 (49%) in postpubertal athletes. Controlling for the effects of maturation, female athletes who reported knee injury demonstrated a greater yearly increase in BMIZ (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=0.039 (−0.012 to 0.089), for the non-injured group=−0.019 (−0.066 to 0.029), and group difference=0.057 (0.005 to 0.11), p=0.03) and in %body fat (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=1.05 (0.45 to 1.65), for the non-injured group=0.22 (−0.21 to 0.064), and group difference=0.83 (0.21 to 1.45), p=0.009), compared to those without knee injuries. This indicates that the athletes with knee injuries will increase their body mass index percentile by up to 5 units more than someone of the same age without an injury, and in body fat by up to 1.5%, compared to their non-injured peers.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that knee injury during the growing years may be associated with unfavourable changes in body composition.