bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of white spot syndrome virus by iodixanol density gradient centrifugation
Authors: Dantas‐Lima J J , Corteel M , Cornelissen M , Bossier P , Sorgeloos P , Nauwynck H J 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUp to now, only a few brief procedures for purifying white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been described. They were mainly based on sucrose, NaBr and CsCl density gradient centrifugation. This work describes for the first time the purification of WSSV through iodixanol density gradients, using virus isolated from infected tissues and haemolymph of Penaeus vannamei (Boone). The purification from tissues included a concentration step by centrifugation (2.5 h at 60 000 g) onto a 50% iodixanol cushion and a purification step by centrifugation (3 h at 80 000 g) through a discontinuous iodixanol gradient (phosphate‐buffered saline, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The purification from infected haemolymph enclosed a dialysis step with a membrane of 1 000 kDa (18 h) and a purification step through the earlier iodixanol gradient. The gradients were collected in fractions and analysed. The number of particles, infectivity titre (in vivo), total protein and viral protein content were evaluated. The purification from infected tissues gave WSSV suspensions with a very high infectivity and an acceptable purity, while virus purified from haemolymph had a high infectivity and a very high purity. Additionally, it was observed that WSSV has an unusually low buoyant density and that it is very sensitive to high external pressures.
Nitric Oxide Blocks Blue Light‐Induced K+ Influx by Elevating the Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentration in Vicia faba L. Guard Cells
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Xiao Hui‐Li , Xu Chang‐Shui , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCa2+ plays a pivotal role in nitric oxide (NO)‐promoted stomatal closure. However, the function of Ca2+ in NO inhibition of blue light (BL)‐induced stomatal opening remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role of Ca2+ in the crosstalk between BL and NO signaling in Vicia faba L. guard cells. Extracellular Ca2+ modulated the BL‐induced stomatal opening in a dose‐dependent manner, and an application of 5 μM Ca2+ in the pipette solution significantly inhibited BL‐activated K+ influx. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, showed little effect on BL‐induced K+ influx and stomatal opening response in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, but K+ influx and stomatal opening were inhibited by SNP when Ca2+ was added to the bath solution. Interestingly, although both SNP and BL could activate the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and induce the rise of cytosolic Ca2+, the change in levels of Ca2+ channel activity and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were different between SNP and BL treatments. SNP at 100 μM obviously activated the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and induced cytosolic Ca2+ rise by 102.4%. In contrast, a BL pulse (100 μmol/m2 per s for 30 s) slightly activated the Ca2+ channels and resulted in a Ca2+ rise of only 20.8%. Consistently, cytosolic Ca2+ promoted K+ influx at 0.5 μM or below, and significantly inhibited K+ influx at 5 μM or above. Taken together, our findings indicate that Ca2+ plays dual and distinctive roles in the crosstalk between BL and NO signaling in guard cells, mediating both the BL‐induced K+ influx as an activator at a lower concentration and the NO‐blocked K+ influx as an inhibitor at a higher concentration.
Correlation of Impression Removal Force with Elastomeric Impression Material Rigidity and Hardness
Authors: Walker Mary P. , Alderman Nick , Petrie Cynthia S. , Melander Jennifer , McGuire Jacob 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeDifficult impression removal has been linked to high rigidity and hardness of elastomeric impression materials. In response to this concern, manufacturers have reformulated their materials to reduce rigidity and hardness to decrease removal difficulty; however, the relationship between impression removal and rigidity or hardness has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a positive correlation between impression removal difficulty and rigidity or hardness of current elastomeric impression materials.Materials and MethodsLight‐ and medium‐body polyether (PE), vinylpolysiloxane (VPS), and hybrid vinyl polyether siloxane (VPES) impression materials were tested (n = 5 for each material/consistency/test method). Rigidity (elastic modulus) was measured via tensile testing of dumbbell‐shaped specimens (Die C, ASTM D412). Shore A hardness was measured using disc specimens according to ASTM D2240–05 test specifications. Impressions were also made of a custom stainless steel model using a custom metal tray that could be attached to a universal tester to measure associated removal force. Within each impression material consistency, one‐factor ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analyses (α = 0.05) were used to compare rigidity, hardness, and removal force of the three types of impression materials. A Pearson's correlation (α = 0.05) was used to evaluate the association between impression removal force and rigidity or hardness.ResultsWith medium‐body materials, VPS exhibited significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) rigidity and hardness than VPES or PE, while PE impressions required significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) removal force than VPS or VPES impressions. With light‐body materials, VPS again demonstrated significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) hardness than VPES or PE, while the rigidity of the light‐body materials did not significantly differ between materials (p > 0.05); however, just as with the medium‐body materials, light‐body PE impressions required significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) removal force than VPS or VPES. Moreover, there was no positive correlation (p > 0.05) between impression removal force and rigidity or hardness with either medium‐ or light‐body materials.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that high impression material rigidity and hardness are not predictors of impression removal difficulty.
Evidenced‐Based Criteria for Differential Treatment Planning of Implant Restorations for the Partially Edentulous Patient
Authors: Sadowsky Steven J. , Bedrossian Edmond 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEvidence‐based criteria for differential implant planning for the partially edentulous patient have been lacking despite the exponential use of implant reconstructions. Anecdotal reports are often the basis for training of dental students and the continuing education of dentists and specialists. Decision‐making metrics for optimal dental treatment are best predicated on a comprehensive assessment of the systemic, local, and patient‐mediated factors evaluated through the lens of the best available evidence. The purpose of this article is to delineate the benefits/risks/alternatives calculus for patients considering implant restorations.
Effect of Core Thickness Differences on Post‐Fatigue Indentation Fracture Resistance of Veneered Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Alhasanyah Abdulrahman , Vaidyanathan Tritala K. , Flinton Robert J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeDespite the excellent esthetics of veneered zirconia crowns, the incidence of chipping and fracture of veneer porcelain on zirconia crowns has been recognized to be higher than in metal ceramic crowns. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of selected variations in core thickness on the post‐fatigue fracture resistance of veneer porcelain on zirconia crowns.Materials and MethodsZirconia crowns for veneering were prepared with three thickness designs of (a) uniform 0.6‐mm thick core (group A), (b) extra‐thick 1.7 mm occlusal core support (group B), and (c) uniform 1.2‐mm thick core (group C). The copings were virtually designed and milled by the CAD/CAM technique. Metal ceramic copings (group D) with the same design as in group C were used as controls. A sample size of N = 20 was used for each group. The copings were veneered with compatible porcelain and fatigue tested under a sinusoidal loading regimen. Loading was done with a 200 N maximum force amplitude under Hertzian axial loading conditions at the center of the crowns using a spherical tungsten carbide indenter. After 100,000 fatigue cycles, the crowns were axially loaded to fracture and maximum load levels before fracture was recorded. One‐way ANOVA (P < 0.05) and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05) were used to determine significant differences between means.ResultsThe mean fracture failure load of group B was not significantly different from that of control group D. In contrast, the mean failure loads of groups A and C were significantly lower than that of control group D. Failure patterns also indicated distinct differences in failure mode distributions. The results suggest that proper occlusal core support improves veneer chipping fracture resistance in zirconia crowns.ConclusionsExtra‐thick occlusal core support for porcelain veneer may significantly reduce the veneer chipping and fracture of zirconia crowns. This is suggested as an important consideration in the design of copings for zirconia crowns.
Comparative Study of the Cutting Efficiency and Working Life of Carbide Burs
Authors: Di Cristofaro Rebecca G. Riera , Giner Lluis , Mayoral Juan Ricardo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to establish the wear and cutting efficiency of tungsten carbide burs from different manufacturers by performing cutting tests with machinable glass ceramic.Materials and MethodsCutting tests were performed with 70 tungsten carbide burs from seven manufacturers: (A) Coltene/Whaledent, (B) CEI, (C) Meisinger, (D) Axis, (E) Komet, (F) Kerr, (G) Edenta. All groups were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the cutting efficiency test for similarities and differences. A specially designed cutting device was used. An electric handpiece was operated at 200,000 rpm with a 120 ml/min coolant water supply rate. The burs were tested under a 165 g constant load using 3 mm wide Macor ceramic as substrate. For each bur the cutting procedure involved a total of five cuts of 3 minutes on every cut, with a total cutting time for each bur of 15 minutes. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA at 95.0% confidence level.ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the mean cutting rates of the different groups. Groups A and B showed the highest cutting rates. Higher cutting rates were associated with a longer bur lifespan. SEM photomicrographs of the burs and substrates revealed significant changes on the surfaces after the cutting process.ConclusionsThe morphology characteristics of tungsten carbide burs are related to their effectiveness. The group that presented the worst working life also showed substantial wear on its surface according to the results of SEM.
Influence of Surface Treatments on Adhesion of Porcelain to Titanium
Authors: Elsaka Shaymaa E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effect of etching solution surface treatments on the surface characteristics of titanium and adhesion of titanium/porcelain system by means of strain energy release rate (G‐value, J/m2).Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and forty five specimens of cp Ti plates were prepared. The specimens were divided into five groups in each test according to the surface treatment used; Gr MC (machined control), Gr AP (airborne particle abrasion), Gr E15, Gr E30, and Gr E60 (etching solution applied for 15, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively). The treated surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of porcelains (Duceratin, Vita Titankeramik, Ti‐22) were used to test adhesion with cp Ti. Following the four‐point bending interfacial fracture test, the peeled fracture surfaces were examined using SEM. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 probability level.ResultsAFM and SEM analyses showed that the surface topography of cp Ti was modified after treatments. Bond strength values were significantly affected by surface treatment and by type of porcelain (p < 0.05). The cp Ti/Duceratin (E30 and E60 minutes) groups showed the highest G‐value among the groups. Modes of failure were mixed and interfacial adhesive.ConclusionsAdhesion between cp Ti and porcelain could be enhanced by the use of experimental hot etching solution prior to porcelain firing as an alternative modality to the airborne‐particle abrasion method.
Effect of Complete Dentures on Craniofacial Growth of an Ectodermal Dysplasia Patient: A Clinical Report
Authors: Bhalla Gaurav , Agrawal Kaushal Kishor , Chand Pooran , Singh Kamleshwar , Singh Balandra Pratap , Goel Prachi , Alvi Habib Ahmed 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aim of this clinical report was to observe the effect of complete dentures on craniofacial growth and development of an ectodermal dysplasia (ED) patient. A complete anodontia patient diagnosed with ED was successfully rehabilitated with conventional complete dentures at the ages of 5, 8, and 10 years. Three sets of complete dentures were made with age‐appropriate denture teeth and a bilaterally balanced lingualized occlusal scheme. Periodic follow‐up and adjustment when needed was done to maintain proper oral function and esthetics. Serial cephalometric analysis exhibited a marked restriction of forward growth at the anterior nasal spine (ANS) point between 5 and 10 years of age, although there was little change from average in the anteroposterior length of the mandibular body and the height of the mandibular ramus. So, while maxillary growth was reduced, mandibular growth did not significantly change. Cast analysis showed that the increase in arch length was greater than in arch width for both the maxilla and mandible. There was little increase in alveolar ridge height in the anterior region but a considerable increase in the height of the alveolar ridge in the middle and the posterior region. Our findings concluded that the absence of teeth did not affect the growth of the jaws, and it is probable that the denture flange did not arrest the jaw growth, but rather improved the masticatory function by providing good denture stability and retention.
Evaluation of Packing Attributes of Orange Juice on Consumers' Intention to Purchase by Conjoint Analysis and Consumer Attitudes Expectation
Authors: Gadioli Izabel Lucena , Pineli Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira , Rodrigues Juliana Da Silva Quintiliano , Campos Alinne Bezerra , Gerolim Isadora Queiroz , Chiarello Marileusa D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBesides the sensory quality of food, other factors are related to the formation of expectations and selection process for a product. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the major information found on packages of ready‐to‐drink orange juices marketed in Brazil on purchase intention of this product, using the conjoint analysis technique, and also associate the information defined to the attitudes of the participants regarding general health and their interest in natural/nonindustrialized products. Four factors were used, each one with two levels: nutritional information on vitamin C (rich in vitamin C × without information), sense of natural/industrialized product (homemade – with juicy bits × orange flavor added), information on preservative (without information × without added preservative) and price (high or low). Sixteen packages were designed and evaluated by 144 consumers segmented into three groups. Low price level was considered with the greatest positive impact, among all information for cluster 1. Cluster 2 just gave importance to “homemade – with juicy bits.” Only cluster 3 has more interest in general health than in natural products. Information rich in vitamin C, “homemade – with juicy bits,” without added preservative and low price grouped the ideal packaging of orange juice for most participants.Practical ApplicationsConsumer expectations and what are their interests when buying food are important factors that should be known to improve the food industry because a continuous change has been noticed in eating habits and search for products that are healthier even with the current lifestyle of the twenty‐first century. In order to reach a larger number of accessions to the industrialized foods, the packages' contents deserve to be developed in accordance with the public that it wants to achieve. Therefore, additional research on what information must appear on food labels needs to be done frequently in order to adapt the package of products consumed, and seek to produce food with better nutritional quality to get the consumers' healthy expectations.
Perfume Odor Categorization: To What Extent Trained Assessors and Consumers Agree?
Authors: Veramendi Mily , Herencia Pilar , Ares Gastón 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe perfume industry is increasingly interested in developing perfume classification systems based on their odor character profile to improve consumer shopping experience. However, concerns have been raised regarding the external validity of the classifications performed by experts and trained assessors. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of training on perfume odor characterization based on a sorting task, by comparing sensory maps of perfumes and descriptions provided by trained assessors and consumers. Fifteen commercially fine female perfumes were evaluated by trained assessors and consumers using a sorting task, followed by a description phase. Trained assessors and consumers provided similar sample configurations. However, there was no perfect agreement in their classifications and some differences in the conclusions regarding similarities and differences between samples were identified. Although the descriptions provided by trained assessors and consumers to characterize the odor profile of the perfumes were different, the most frequently mentioned terms were similar and were used in a similar way.Practical ApplicationsResults from the present work showed that training affected to some extent the way in which perfumes are categorized and described, which suggests that consumer perception could be a valuable complementary tool when developing classification systems as well as perfume descriptions for marketing or communication purposes.
Pelvic Radiotherapy and Sexual Function in Men and Women
Authors: Incrocci Luca , Jensen Pernille Tine 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite the decrease in overall cancer incidence and mortality rates in developed countries since the early 1990s, cancer remains a major public health problem. Sexual dysfunction is one of the more common consequences of cancer treatment.

Aim
To shortly review the literature and level of evidence on sexual dysfunction in men and women following pelvic radiotherapy.

Main Outcome Measures
Male and female sexual dysfunction.

Methods
Literature review.

Results
Sexual dysfunction in cancer patients is multidimensional and may result from biological, psychological, and social factors. Anatomic changes caused by surgery and/or radiotherapy, physiological changes following hormonal manipulation, and the secondary effect of medical intervention may impede or preclude sexual functioning, even when sexual desire is intact. Pelvic irradiation constitutes the primary or adjuvant treatment for a large number of both female and male cancers. No randomized controlled trials could be identified regarding the effect of radiotherapy on sexual dysfunction. However, prospective and clinical controlled trials all demonstrated a severe negative effect on sexual functioning in men and women following radiotherapy for a pelvic cancer.
Following pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer, a positive effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on erectile dysfunction has been demonstrated, whereas no significant effect on female sexuality was found. Few studies evaluated treatment of female sexual dysfunction following radiotherapy; hormone replacement therapy and the use of vaginal dilator in combination with psycho-educational support is recommended.

Conclusion
Pelvic radiotherapy plays a significant negative role in the complex scenario of male and female sexual dysfunction. The literature has focused on sexual dysfunction and intervention in prostate and cervical cancer patients. Sexual dysfunction following pelvic radiotherapy for cancer in other pelvic organs, e.g., bladder, rectum, and anus, requires more attention in future studies. Health care providers should pay attention to and provide psychological and medical support regarding sexual dysfunction to all patients who have received pelvic radiotherapy.
Physical and Psychological Effects of Treatment on Sexual Functioning in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Breukink Stephanie O. , Donovan Kristine A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As a result of advances in surgical techniques and (neo)adjuvant therapy, mortality rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) have declined significantly in the last two decades. In general, CRC survivors report good health-related quality of life in survivorship. However, many survivors, including those who describe their quality of life as good, also report sexual problems that persist long after treatment is completed.

Aims
In this article, we review the effects of different treatment modalities for CRC on sexual functioning in men and women. We highlight both the physical and psychological aspects of CRC treatment and discuss the management of common sexual problems in CRC survivors.

Methods
The authors reviewed the existing available published articles regarding this topic.

Results
Our review of the evidence suggests that surgical treatment and (neo)adjuvant therapy for CRC are commonly associated with a wide range of sexual problems.

Conclusions
Sexual functioning is an important functional outcome after CRC treatment and is influenced by a myriad of clinical and patient factors, including an individual’s physical and psychological well-being after a diagnosis of CRC. As such, the assessment and management of sexual functioning in men and women with CRC should begin prior to the initiation of treatment and continue throughout treatment and survivorship.
Developing Age Appropriate Psychosexual Support for Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Kelly Daniel 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cancer in adolescence raises unique challenges for all involved. In healthy populations, the transition from childhood to adulthood is seen as a normal phase of the human life course focused primarily on the process of identity formation. For young people diagnosed with cancer, there are specific, negative impacts to consider. In this paper, the impact on intimacy, body image, and sexuality are discussed and the need for innovative supportive solutions highlighted.

Aim
Based on a presentation given at the ISSM conference in Washington, DC, the paper describes the challenges in providing effective supportive care in relation to sexuality in young people surviving cancer.

Main Outcome Measures
Discussion of key issues involved when developing psychosexual interventions for this age group.

Methods
A scan of available evidence was combined with examples of recent service and research developments.

Results
The limited amount of available research belies the complexity of providing effective supportive care in relation to sexuality for young people both during and after cancer. As the number of long-term survivors of cancer during childhood and adolescence increases, there will be increasing demand for attention to be paid to the supportive care needs of this population; including issues of relationships and sexuality. Two examples of novel interventions are presented.

Conclusions
Services provided for cancer survivors must consider the unique challenges facing different age groups. For young people diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood there is a need to enhance the evidence base, and to apply this evidence in practice contexts. Locating the need for further developments within a Complex Intervention Framework may assist in the development of interventions that can be developed and tested in a logical, step-wise fashion.