bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of an All-Optical Network Based on LCoS Technologies
Authors: Cheng Yuh-Jiuh , Shiau Yhi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an all-optical network composed of the ROADMs (reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer), L2/L3 optical packet switches, and the fiber optical cross-connection for fiber scheduling and measurement based on LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon) technologies is proposed. The L2/L3 optical packet switches are designed with optical output buffers. Only the header of optical packets is converted to electronic signals to control the wavelength of input ports and the packet payloads can be transparently destined to their output ports. An optical output buffer is designed to queue the packets when more than one incoming packet should reach to the same destination output port. For preserving service-packet sequencing and fairness of routing sequence, a priority scheme and a round-robin algorithm are adopted at the optical output buffer. The wavelength of input ports is designed for routing incoming packets using LCoS technologies. Finally, the proposed OFS (optical flow switch) with input buffers can quickly transfer the big data to the output ports and the main purpose of the OFS is to reduce the number of wavelength reflections. The all-optical content delivery network is comprised of the OFSs for a large amount of audio and video data transmissions in the future.
Persistent elevation of fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations in healthy appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm infants
Authors: Fatani Tarah , Binjab Asma , Weiler Hope , Sharma Atul , Rodd Celia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo explore the temporal evolution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], its epimer, parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and minerals in healthy appropriate-for-gestational-age preterms.A prospective study was undertaken in infants born at 28–32 weeks with monitoring at 1, 3, 5 weeks and term.Morning plasma and urine calcium; phosphorus; creatinine; PTH, C-terminal and intact FGF23 (iFGF23) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurements of 25(OH)D were undertaken. Analyses included regression models.Some 11 infants (5 males) were recruited at a median gestational age of 31.2 weeks (interquartile range: 28.1–31.8). Standard chemistries were normal. No infant was vitamin D deficient; 58% achieved 50 nmol/L with a median intake of 540 IU/day. High concentrations of C-3 epimer were detected. iFGF23 and C-terminal concentrations were persistently elevated (double and ten times adult norms, respectively). Tubular resorption of phosphorus was normal (88%±8%).Most infants achieved acceptable 25(OH)D
Dietary intake, body composition, and physical activity among young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mosso Constanza , Halabi Victoria , Ortiz Tamara , Hodgson Maria Isabel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess dietary intake, nutritional status, body composition, and physical activity level in a group of Chilean children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compare these parameters with the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), and determine the relationships between dietary intake, body composition, and diabetes control.A total of 30 patients with T1DM (aged 15.2±4.0 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 92-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Physical activity was assessed by means of a survey.The energy intake of these patients was derived from 21.4% protein, 48% carbohydrates, and 31.2% fat. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly correlated with fat as grams per day (r: 0.363, p<0.05) and calories per day (r: 0.364, p<0.05). The mean body fat percentage in females was 31.2% and 20.2% in males (p < 0.01) and the mean amount of physical activity was 4.5±2.7 h per week.The study patients had a higher protein intake than recommended by ISPAD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was rather low, and dietary fat intake was the same as the limits recommended by ISPAD. Diabetic control was significantly correlated with protein, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium intake. The girls in the study had a higher percentage of body fat than the standard recommendations for their age. The level of physical activity was adequate.
Triple A syndrome with a novel indel mutation in the AAAS gene and delayed puberty
Authors: Bustanji Haidar , Sahar Bashar , Huebner Angela , Ajlouni Kamel , Landgraf Dana , Hamamy Hanan , Koehler Katrin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTriple A syndrome, formerly known as Allgrove syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by adrenal insufficiency, alacrima, achalasia, and neurological abnormalities. We report a 17-year-old boy presented to the endocrine clinic with delayed puberty and a 4-year’s history of fatigue and muscle weakness. He had achalasia, alacrima, and skin and mucosal hyperpigmentation. Hormonal assessment revealed isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Clinical diagnosis of triple A syndrome was confirmed by sequencing the entire coding region including exon-intron boundaries of the
Progressive osseous heteroplasia, as an isolated entity or overlapping with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy
Authors: Lin Maria H. , Numbenjapon Nawaporn , Germain-Lee Emily L. , Pitukcheewanont Pisit 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProgressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a condition of invasive heterotopic ossification. Reports of patients with mild POH with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), specifically pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP Ia) with hormonal resistance, suggest the possibility of a common molecular basis.A 4-year-old boy with obesity, speech delay, and expanding subcutaneous masses on buttock/forearm. Physical exam revealed round facies and brachydactyly. Blood tests showed normal Ca, P, Mg, 25-OH vitamin D levels but elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed areas with calcifications in the subcutaneous tissue, fat, and muscle. Pathology of excised tissue revealed ossifications. Genomic study revealed noA 3-year-old boy with painful ossifications in the left lower extremity. Lab tests were notable for elevated PTH and high-normal TSH. The CT-scan showed subcutaneous/intramuscular calcifications. Genetic testing showedA 9-year-old boy with knee pain and subcutaneous ossifications in back and upper/lower extremity, causing significantly limited joint mobility. Lab tests were normal. The CT-scan showed areas corresponding to subcutaneous/intramuscular ossifications throughout torso and extremities, consistent with POH. There was noPatients with heterotopic ossifications present with a wide spectrum of disease. Although
Monitoring gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty: a comparison of four methods
Authors: Zung Amnon , Burundukov Ella , Ulman Mira , Glaser Tamar , Zadik Zvi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to validate basal, post-gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (post-GnRHa) and first-voided urinary LH (ULH) as alternatives to an LHRH stimulation test in monitoring treatment efficacy in central precocious puberty (CPP).Seventeen girls with CPP were followed over 22.5±9.1 months during GnRHa (triptorelin) treatment. ULH and post-GnRHa LH levels were obtained every 4 months before and 24 h after GnRHa administration, respectively, along with clinical and bone age (BA) evaluation. LHRH stimulation tests were performed annually.A total of 36 LHRH stimulation tests demonstrated adequate suppression with a peak LH of 0.57±0.33 IU/L. The corresponding basal LH was 0.27±0.16 IU/L. Ninety post-GnRHa LH measurements were similar to LHRH-stimulated LH levels (0.56±0.31 IU/L), whereas 8% of ULH levels were above prepubertal threshold. Fourteen episodes of growth acceleration and ten episodes of BA advancement resolved without treatment modification.Suppressed basal and post-GnRHa LH levels indicate adequate suppression of puberty. Clinical breakthroughs during treatment are transient and resolved spontaneously.
Playing on artificial turf may be an advantage for Norwegian soccer teams
Authors: Hvattum Lars Magnus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoccer is as popular as ever, and the sport attracts significant attention from spectators, sponsors, media, and academics. One aspect of the sport that has received relatively little attention, is the effect of the playing surface on the sporting performance of a team. In particular, this paper is concerned with measuring the performance of teams that switch from playing their games on natural grass to playing their games on artificial turf. It is shown that teams, on average, achieve improved results after switching, and that this, at least in part, can be explained by an increased home field advantage.
The Relevance of the principle of Relevance for Word Order Variation in Complex Referring Expressions in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Chen Liang , Ming Tao , Jiang Xiangyu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWord order variation in Mandarin Chinese results in two constructions consisting of a noun phrase (NP), a cluster of a demonstrative and a classifier (DM), and a relative clause (RC): the OMN with the RC+DM+NP order and the IMN with DM+RC+NP order. This study used corpus data to show correlational patterns of constructional choices. Specifically, OMN is associated with new and inanimate NPs serving the grammatical role of object in the relative clause that serves the discourse function of identification. By contrast, for IMN, the head NP tends to carry given information, tends to be an animate entity, tends to serve the grammatical role of subject in the relative clause, and tends to have an RC that serves the discourse function of characterization. We suggest that the usage patterns can be interpreted in terms of the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance (Sperber and Wilson 1995).
“No Fats, Femmes, or Asians”
Authors: Liu Xiaofei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A frequent caveat in online dating profiles – “No fats, femmes, or Asians” – caused an LGBT activist to complain about the bias against Asians in the American gay community, which he called “racial looksism”. In response, he was asked that, if he himself would not date a fat person, why he should find others not dating Asians so upsetting. This response embodies a popular attitude that personal preferences or tastes are simply personal matters – they are not subject to moral evaluation. In this paper, I argue, against this popular attitude, that a personal preference like racial looksism is indeed wrong. A preference like racial looksism is wrong because it is an overgeneralization that disrespects individuality by treating people as exchangeable tokens of one type, and such disrespect denies its objects appreciation that their dignity entitles them to. As it turns out, there is on my account a relevant moral difference between racial looksism and simple looksism.
Hybrid practices meet nation-state language policies: Transcarpathia in the twentieth century and today
Authors: Csernicskó István , Laihonen Petteri 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFrom the early twentieth century to the present day, Transcarpathia has belonged to several states: the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and finally to Ukraine. The status of what counts as a minority and a majority language has changed each time the state affiliation has been changed. Based on the long term research by Csernicskó, and on the one-month fieldwork carried out by Laihonen in 2012, our goal is to provide an autonomous critical account and discourse analysis of the linguistic situation in Transcarpathia. We draw examples especially from the linguistic landscape, which documents the hybrid practices difficult to catch with other means. Different nation states have aimed to evaluate certain languages over others. However, Transcarpathia has been too far away from different national centers and it has therefore remained a periphery. In the everyday life of Transcarpathians, ironies around language repertoires, standardization and heteroglossia come into the fore, especially in the current context. Such unexpected linguistic practices or “pre-nationalist” and “non-purist” ideologies offer a change to see how certain categories, such as language, have remained in their hybrid forms and are still clearly “in the making”.
Overcoming Eurocentrism in Human Rights: Postcolonial Critiques – Islamic Answers?
Authors: Bonnet Sebastian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman rights are a contested concept. One important strand of criticism concerns the charge of their Eurocentrism, formulated in particular by postcolonial theorists and scholars. Although postcolonial perspectives are now increasingly acknowledged, attempts to incorporate non-Western approaches into the discourse on human rights are still rare. This article considers whether Islamic human rights concepts can address the postcolonial critiques and decenter human rights discourse and politics from the West. Working within the methodological framework of comparative political thought, the article regards Islamic approaches not simply as counter-discourses but analyzes their potential to supplement the dominant theory and practice of human rights and correct some of its inherent flaws. Informed by the critical analysis of Makau Mutua and Gayatri C. Spivak, the primary focus is on alternatives to the liberal individualist framework of human rights as evident in the concept of the autonomous individual subject of rights, and the balancing of individual rights with ethics and notions of responsibility in particular.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in seasonal affective disorder: underestimated perspectives?
Authors: Kulikov Alexander V. , Popova Nina K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by recurrent depression occurring generally in fall/winter. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate the association of SAD with decreased brain neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) system functioning. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is the key and rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis in the brain. This paper concentrates on the relationship between TPH2 activity and mood disturbances, the association between human
Electric foot shock stress: a useful tool in neuropsychiatric studies
Authors: Bali Anjana , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElectric foot shock is a complex stressor with both physical and emotional components. It has been employed as an important tool to develop diverse animal models in the field of psychopharmacology. The electric foot shock paradigm includes acute or chronic exposures of shocks of varying intensity and duration on an electrified grid floor in an electric foot shock apparatus. Research evidence reveals that foot shocks of varying intensity produce behavioral and neurochemical changes reflecting depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Animals generally do not habituate to foot shocks in comparison to other stressors, including loud noise, bright light, and hot and cold temperatures. Additionally, it offers an experimental advantage of control over intensity and duration; therefore, by varying its application parameters, different disorder models have been created. Electric foot shock fear conditioning-induced ultrasonic vocalization and fear-potentiated startle have been explored to develop models of anxiety and panic. Similarly, fear conditioning in the form of foot shock exposure followed by situational reminders has been used to develop a model of PTSD. Electric foot shock-induced conflict has been explored to develop operant conflict models (Geller-Seifter and Vogel tests), which in turn are pharmacologically validated to screen potential anti-anxiety agents. Inescapable electric shock-induced ‘learned helplessness’ mimics the symptomology of depression, and this phenomenon has been employed to develop the model of depression. The present review describes the pharmacologically validated models of anxiety, depression, and PTSD involving electric foot shock as an aversive stimulus.
A General Approximate Solution for Stretching Problems in Viscous Fluid
Authors: Asghar Saleem , Jalil Mudassar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this study, we propose a boundary value problem that contains two arbitrary parameters in the differential equation and show that the results of a number of existing stretching problems (linear, power law, and exponential stretching) are the special cases of the proposed boundary value problem. A two-term analytic asymptotic solution of this problem is developed by introducing a small parameter in the differential equation. Interest lies in the finding of rare exact analytical solutions for the zeroth and first order systems. Surprisingly, only a two-term closed form of analytical solution shows an excellent match with the existing literature. The solution for second-order system is found numerically to improve the accuracy of the approximate solution. The generalised analytic solution is tested over a number of stretching problems for the velocity field and skin friction coefficient showing an excellent match. In conclusion, various stretching problems discussed in literature are special cases of this study.
Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy of Aroylperoxide Photofragmentation – Site Selective Decarboxylation
Authors: Vennekate Hendrik , Reichardt Christian , Walter Arne , Fuest Harald , Schroeder Jörg , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The ultrafast photofragmentation of acetyl-benzoyl peroxide (ABPO) and
2-naphthoyl-benzoyl peroxide (NBPO) after UV excitation at
266 nm is studied by mid-infrared transient absorption
spectroscopy. 13C-isotopic labelling is employed to unravel
the primary fragmentation paths. For NBPO it appears that excitation
of the benzoyloxy part causes decarboxylation exclusively at that
site. In ABPO the acetyloxy part completely decarboxylates upon
266 nm excitation while only 80% – 85% of the
benzoyloxyl radicals formed decarboxylate. The remaining radicals
either combine with methyl radicals to methylbenzoate within about
30 ps or survive on the time scale of the experiment
(1.5 ns). Photofragmentation of ABPO occurs from the
S1-state whose lifetime is about 200 fs. All
fragmentation products including CO2 also appear on this time
scale.
The “Genetic Program”: Behind the Genesis of an Influential Metaphor
Authors: Peluffo Alexandre E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe metaphor of the “genetic program,” indicating the genome as a set of instructions required to build a phenotype, has been very influential in biology despite various criticisms over the years. This metaphor, first published in 1961, is thought to have been invented independently in two different articles, one by Ernst Mayr and the other by François Jacob and Jacques Monod. Here, after a detailed analysis of what both parties meant by “genetic program,” I show, using unpublished archives, the strong resemblance between the ideas of Mayr and Monod and suggest that their idea of genetic program probably shares a common origin. I explore the possibility that the two men met before 1961 and also exchanged their ideas through common friends and colleagues in the field of molecular biology. Based on unpublished correspondence of Jacob and Monod, I highlight the important events that influenced the preparation of their influential paper, which introduced the concept of the genetic program. Finally, I suggest that the genetic program metaphor may have preceded both papers and that it was probably used informally before 1961.
Adaptation and Validation of the Motivation Scale in Physical Education Classes/Adaptacija i validacija upitnika motivacije u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture
Authors: Milavić Boris , Milić Mirjana , Jurko Damir , Grgantov Zoran , Marić Kristijan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith the purpose of adapting the sport motivation scale (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuscon, Briere, & Blais, 1995) to the population of students in the final grades of elementary school, that is, with the purpose of measuring their motivation in physical education classes, 305 female and male students of finishing grades were examined. All scales had good metric characteristics, except the unsatisfactory reliability of the external motivation – introjected variable. For both genders, measures of motivation are projected in two components, interpreted as intrinsic motivation, and as amotivation and external regulation. Male students expressed significantly higher values in both scales defining the second factor. The percentage of good and less cumulative grade point average was significantly higher for male students, whereas the percentage of very good and excellent cumulative grade point average was higher for female students. Discriminant analysis has shown that female students with a lower cumulative grade point average (good and satisfactory) were characterized by higher values of external regulation and of amotivation for participating in physical education classes. There were no significant differences found in either gender regarding the motivation in physical education classes in groups differing in their physical education grade point average.Keywords: exercise; external motivation; internal motivation; metric characteristics; students --- SažetakS ciljem prilagodbe upitnika motivacije za sport (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuscon, Briere i Blais, 1995) populaciji završnih razreda osnovne škole, odnosno s ciljem mjerenja njihove motivacije u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, 305 učenica i učenika završnih razreda osnovnih škola popunilo je prilagođeni upitnik. Sve ljestvice imaju dobre mjerne karakteristike, osim nezadovoljavajuće pouzdanosti varijable eksternalne motivacije – introjicirane. U oba spola mjere motivacije za izvedbu nastave Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture projiciraju se u dvije komponente interpretirane kao unutrašnja motivacija, amotivacija i eksternalna regulacija. Učenici imaju značajno više vrijednosti u obje ljestvice koje definiraju drugi faktor. Kod učenika je znatno veći postotak općeg uspjeha dobar i manji, a kod učenica je veći postotak vrlo dobrog i izvrsnog općeg uspjeha. Diskriminacijska analiza pokazala je kako učenice s nižim općim uspjehom (dobar i manji) karakterizira viša izraženost eksternalne regulacije i više izražena amotiviranost u izvedbi nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. U oba spola nisu dobivene razlike u motivaciju u nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture kod skupina različitih po uspjehu iz nastavnog predmeta Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Ključne riječi: eksternalna motivacija, internalna motivacija, mjerne karakteristike, učenici, vježbanje