bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haploinsufficiency of Hedgehog interacting protein causes increased emphysema induced by cigarette smoke through network rewiring
Authors: Lao Taotao , Glass Kimberly , Qiu Weiliang , Polverino Francesca , Gupta Kushagra , Morrow Jarrett , Mancini John Dominic , Vuong Linh , Perrella Mark A , Hersh Craig P , Owen Caroline A , Quackenbush John , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Silverman Edwin K , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
The HHIP gene, encoding Hedgehog interacting protein, has been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and our subsequent studies identified a functional upstream genetic variant that decreased HHIP transcription. However, little is known about how HHIP contributes to COPD pathogenesis.

Methods
We exposed Hhip haploinsufficient mice (Hhip
+/-
) to cigarette smoke (CS) for 6 months to model the biological consequences caused by CS in human COPD risk-allele carriers at the HHIP locus. Gene expression profiling in murine lungs was performed followed by an integrative network inference analysis, PANDA (Passing Attributes between Networks for Data Assimilation) analysis.

Results
We detected more severe airspace enlargement in Hhip
+/-
mice vs. wild-type littermates (Hhip
+/+
) exposed to CS. Gene expression profiling in murine lungs suggested enhanced lymphocyte activation pathways in CS-exposed Hhip
+/-
vs. Hhip
+/+
mice, which was supported by increased numbers of lymphoid aggregates and enhanced activation of CD8+ T cells after CS-exposure in the lungs of Hhip
+/-
mice compared to Hhip
+/+
mice. Mechanistically, results from PANDA network analysis suggested a rewired and dampened Klf4 signaling network in Hhip
+/-
mice after CS exposure.

Conclusions
In summary, HHIP haploinsufficiency exaggerated CS-induced airspace enlargement, which models CS-induced emphysema in human smokers carrying COPD risk alleles at the HHIP locus. Network modeling suggested rewired lymphocyte activation signaling circuits in the HHIP haploinsufficiency state.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β promotes receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclast formation in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tsushima Hidetoshi , Okazaki Ken , Ishihara Kohei , Ushijima Takahiro , Iwamoto Yukihide 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor that is activated in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and promotes expression of various matrix metalloproteinases. In this study, we examined whether C/EBPβ mediates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and drives osteoclast formation in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients. The cooperation of C/EBPβ and activation transcription factor-4 (ATF4) in the regulation of the RANKL promoter was also investigated.

Methods
Immunofluorescence staining was performed for C/EBPβ, RANKL, and ATF4 in synovium from RA patients. Adenovirus expression vectors for two major isoforms, C/EBPβ-liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) and - liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP), or small interfering RNA for C/EBPβ, were used to manipulate C/EBPβ expression in RA-FLS. RA-FLS over-expressing C/EBPβ were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to test osteoclast formation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. A promoter assay for RANKL, a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and an immunoprecipitation (IP) assay were also performed.

Results
Immunofluorescence staining showed colocalization of C/EBPβ, ATF4 and RANKL in RA synovium. Western blotting revealed the expression of C/EBPβ-LAP and -LIP in RA-FLS. Over-expression of either C/EBPβ-LAP or -LIP significantly increased the expression of RANKL mRNA, while C/EBPβ-LIP down-regulated osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA. The RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio was significantly increased by C/EBPβ-LIP over-expression. Knockdown of C/EBPβ with siRNA decreased the expression of RANKL mRNA. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was increased in co-cultures of PBMCs and FLS over-expressing either C/EBPβ-LAP or -LIP, but was more significant with LIP. C/EBPβ-LIP does not have a transactivation domain. However, promoter assays showed that C/EBPβ-LIP and ATF4 synergistically transactivate the RANKL promoter. ChIP and IP assays revealed the cooperative binding of C/EBPβ and ATF4 on the RANKL promoter.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that C/EBPβ, especially C/EBPβ-LIP in cooperation with ATF4, is involved in osteoclast formation by regulating RANKL expression in RA-FLS. These findings suggest that C/EBPβ plays a crucial role in bone destruction in RA joints.
Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase enhances the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides lactic acid bacteria at low temperatures
Authors: Goto Seitaro , Kawamoto Jun , Sato Satoshi B , Iki Takashi , Watanabe Itaru , Kudo Kazuyuki , Esaki Nobuyoshi , Kurihara Tatsuo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can cause deterioration of food quality even at low temperatures. In this study, we investigated the cold-adaptation mechanism of a novel food spoilage LAB, Leuconostoc mesenteroides NH04 (NH04). L. mesenteroides was isolated from several spoiled cooked meat products at a high frequency in our factories. NH04 grew rapidly at low temperatures within the shelf-life period and resulted in heavy financial losses. NH04 grew more rapidly than related strains such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides NBRC3832 (NBRC3832) at 10°C. Proteome analysis of NH04 demonstrated that this strain produces a homolog of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase––AhpC––the expression of which can be induced at low temperatures. The expression level of AhpC in NH04 was approximately 6-fold higher than that in NBRC3832, which was grown under the same conditions. Although AhpC is known to have an anti-oxidative role in various bacteria by catalyzing the reduction of alkyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide, the involvement of AhpC in cold adaptation of food spoilage bacteria was unclear. We introduced an expression plasmid containing ahpC into NBRC3832, which grows slower than NH04 at 10°C, and found that expression of AhpC enhanced growth. These results demonstrated that AhpC, which likely increases anti-oxidative capacity of LAB, plays an important role in their rapid growth at low temperatures.
What are the impacts of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) on arctic and alpine vegetation? A systematic review
Authors: Bernes Claes , Bråthen Kari Anne , Forbes Bruce C , Speed James DM , Moen Jon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe reindeer (or caribou,Rangifer tarandusL.) has a natural range extending over much of Eurasia’s and North America’s arctic, alpine and boreal zones, yet its impact on vegetation is still unclear. This lack of a common understanding hampers both the management of wild and semi-domesticated reindeer populations and the preservation of biodiversity. To achieve a common platform, we have undertaken a systematic review of published studies that compare vegetation at sites with different reindeer densities. Besides biodiversity, we focused on effects on major plant growth forms.MethodsSearches for literature were made using online publication databases, search engines, specialist websites and bibliographies of literature reviews. Search terms were developed in English, Finnish, Norwegian, Russian and Swedish. Identified articles were screened for relevance based on titles, abstracts and full text using inclusion criteria set out in ana prioriprotocol. Relevant articles were then subject to critical appraisal of susceptibility to bias. Data on outcomes such as abundance, biomass, cover and species richness of vegetation were extracted together with metadata on site properties and other potential effect modifiers.ResultsOur searches identified more than 6,000 articles. After screening for relevance, 100 of them remained. Critical appraisal excluded 60 articles, leaving 40 articles with 41 independent studies. Almost two thirds of these studies had been conducted in Fennoscandia. Meta-analysis could be made of data from 31 of the studies. Overall, effects of reindeer on species richness of vascular plants depended on temperature, ranging from negative at low temperature to positive at high temperature. Effects on forbs, graminoids, woody species, and bryophytes were weak or non-significant, whereas the effect on lichens was negative. However, many individual studies showed clear positive or negative effects, but the available information was insufficient to explain this context dependence.ConclusionsWe see two pressing matters emerging from our study. First, there is a lack of research with which to build a circumpolar understanding of grazing effects, which calls for more studies using a common protocol to quantify reindeer impacts. Secondly, the highly context-dependent outcomes suggest that research and management have to consider local conditions. For instance, predictions of what a management decision would mean for the effects of reindeer on vegetation will have to take the variation of vegetation types and dominant growth forms, productivity, and grazing history into account. Policy and management have to go hand-in-hand with research in individual cases if the dynamics between plants, animals, and humans are to be sufficiently understood.
Clinical significance of monocyte heterogeneity
Authors: Stansfield Brian K , Ingram David A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMonocytes are primitive hematopoietic cells that primarily arise from the bone marrow, circulate in the peripheral blood and give rise to differentiated macrophages. Over the past two decades, considerable attention to monocyte diversity and macrophage polarization has provided contextual clues into the role of myelomonocytic derivatives in human disease. Until recently, human monocytes were subdivided based on expression of the surface marker CD16. “Classical” monocytes express surface markers denoted as CD14++CD16− and account for greater than 70% of total monocyte count, while “non‐classical” monocytes express the CD16 antigen with low CD14 expression (CD14+CD16++). However, recognition of an intermediate population identified as CD14++CD16+ supports the new paradigm that monocytes are a true heterogeneous population and careful identification of specific subpopulations is necessary for understanding monocyte function in human disease. Comparative studies of monocytes in mice have yielded more dichotomous results based on expression of the Ly6C antigen. In this review, we will discuss the use of monocyte subpopulations as biomarkers of human disease and summarize correlative studies in mice that may yield significant insight into the contribution of each subset to disease pathogenesis.
Mobile follower robot as an assistive device for home oxygen therapy – evaluation of tether control algorithms
Authors: Endo Gen , Allan Ben , Iemura Yu , Fukushima Edwardo F , Iribe Masatsugu , Takubo Toshio , Ohira Mineko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Home Oxygen Therapy (H.O.T.) is a medical treatment for severe lung diseases in which the patients are supplied concentrated oxygen. This paper investigates the use of a follower robot as a support device for H.O.T. patients, consisting of a two-wheeled differential drive robot connected to the user by tether. Two different control algorithms were studied using dynamic simulation and motion capture experiments with healthy subjects. In further experiments with H.O.T. patients, including a questionnaire survey, it was confirmed that Follow the Leader control was capable of following the user’s trajectory more accurately than Pseudo-Joystick control, and that overall H.O.T. patients showed a preference for Follow the Leader control.
Review of Yannis Hamilakis's Archaeology and the Senses: Human Experience, Memory, and Affect; Alfredo Gonzàles-Ruibal (ed), Reclaiming Archaeology: Beyond the Tropes of Modernity
Authors: Plantzos Dimitris 
Published: February 2015

Review of Yannis Hamilakis, <em>Archaeology and the Senses: Human Experience, Memory, and Affect</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 255 pp.
Malignant pleural effusions and the role of talc poudrage and talc slurry: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mummadi Srinivas , Kumbam Anusha , Hahn Peter Y. 
Published: February 2015

Background:Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is common with advanced malignancy. Palliative care with minimal adverse events is the cornerstone of management. Although talc pleurodesis plays an important role in treatment, the best modality of talc application remains controversial. Objective:To compare rates of successful pleurodesis, rates of respiratory and non-respiratory complications between thoracoscopic talc insufflation/poudrage (TTI) and talc slurry (TS). Data sources and study selection:MEDLINE (PubMed, OVID), EBM Reviews (Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, DARE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment and NHS Economic Evaluation Database), EMBASE and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials published between 01/01/1980 - 10/1/2014 and comparing the two strategies were selected. Results:Twenty-eight potential studies were identified of which 24 studies were further excluded, leaving four studies. No statistically significant difference in the probability of successful pleurodesis was observed between TS and TTI groups (RR 1.06; 95 % CI 0.99-1.14; Q statistic, 4.84). There was a higher risk of post procedural respiratory complications in the TTI group compared to the TS group (RR 1.91, 95% CI= 1.24-2.93, Q statistic 3.15). No statistically significant difference in the incidence of non-respiratory complications between the TTI group and the TS group was observed (RR 0.88, 95% CI= 0.72-1.07, Q statistic 4.61).Conclusions:There is no difference in success rates of pleurodesis based on patient centered outcomes between talc poudrage and talc slurry treatments. Respiratory complications are more common with talc poudrage via thoracoscopy.
Is There a Motherhood Wage Penalty for Highly Skilled Women?
Authors: Gafni Dalit , Siniver Erez 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We use a unique data set of all individuals who graduated from universities in Israel during the period 1995–2008 in order to investigate the widening of the gender wage gap during the years following graduation. It is found that the main explanation is having children, rather than skills or academic background. The results show that each additional child reduces a woman’s wage by 6.6%, and increases a man’s wage by 3.4%. Furthermore, we examine three channels that may explain the motherhood penalty: periods of non-employment, a shift to the public sector and lower-paying firms and the timing of births. Having children increases a woman’s period of non-employment while decreasing a man’s, and each month of non-employment due to maternity leave reduces a woman’s wage by 1.0%, while non-employment reduces a man’s wage by only 0.6%. Mothers tend to shift from the private to the public sector and from higher-paying to lower-paying firms, which offer a more flexible and more convenient work environment, at the cost of a lower salary. Finally, a delay in having children increases a woman’s wage while having little, if any, effect on a man’s wage. Furthermore, controlling for this variable reduces the estimated motherhood penalty.
A Generalized Formulation of Demand Response under Market Environments
Authors: Nguyen Minh Y , Nguyen Duc M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a generalized formulation of Demand Response (DR) under deregulated electricity markets. The problem is scheduling and controls the consumption of electrical loads according to the market price to minimize the energy cost over a day. Taking into account the modeling of customers’ comfort (i.e., preference), the formulation can be applied to various types of loads including what was traditionally classified as critical loads (e.g., air conditioning, lights). The proposed DR scheme is based on Dynamic Programming (DP) framework and solved by DP backward algorithm in which the stochastic optimization is used to treat the uncertainty, if any occurred in the problem. The proposed formulation is examined with the DR problem of different loads, including Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Electric Vehicles (EVs) and a newly DR on the water supply systems of commercial buildings. The result of simulation shows significant saving can be achieved in comparison with their traditional (On/Off) scheme.
On the Field-Induced Cholesteric-Nematic Transition in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Homeotropic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Brokx J. , Vertogen G. , Groesen E. W. C. van 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The influence of homeotropic boundary conditions on the cholesteric-nematic transition is discussed, starting from the assumption that the director field consists of only components perpendicular to the helix axis, which is directed parallel to the boundary planes. Attention is paid to the solution of Cladis and Kléman for the simpler case without magnetic field. Their solution, consisting of regularly spaced line signularities, is derived in another more transparent way. Besides it is shown that even director fields without singularities are possible. The presence of a magnetic field complicates the solution considerably. Now the relevant Euler-Lagrange equation is solved in an approximate way by partly resorting to the difference method. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by applying this technique to the nematic-cholesteric transition and the Fréedericksz transition in nematics.
Investigations of Cosmic-Ray-Produced Nuclides in Iron Meteorites: 5. More Data on the Nuclides of Potassium and Noble Gases, on Exposure Ages and Meteoroid Sizes
Authors: Voshage H. , Feldmann H. , Braun O. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The concentrations of the cosmic-ray-produced He-, Ne-, and Ar-nuclides in samples of 31 iron meteorites have been determined by mass spectrometry. Thereby, the number of samples analyzed in this laboratory has grown to 83. A critical examination of all these results was performed. The data of at least 52 samples prove to be useful to describe the "normal" abundance patterns of cosmogenic noble gases in iron meteorites; the description is accomplished by a new system of equations that correlate some properly selected abundance ratios with one another. The correlations serve as an instrument to recognize and diagnose certain abundance anomalies (3He-or 38Ar-deficiencies) which occur in about 25% of all samples analyzed. They allow to select those data which may unhesitatingly be applied in calculations concerning the irradiation histories of the respective meteorites. Another matter of concern for establishing these histories are the cosmic-ray-exposure ages. Mass spectrometric abundance analyses on meteoritic potassium have provided new data on the 41K/40K exposure ages of about 10 iron meteorites as well as on meteoroid sizes and sample depths. For two meteorites of the chemical group IIIAB, Joe Wright Mountains and Picacho, the age values obtained are 685 and 635 Ma, respectively. The results confirm our previous conclusion that the IIIAB-irons resided originally within a more or less contiguous partial volume (metallic core?) of their parent body and were ejected in consequence of a single impact event that happened about 670 Ma ago. Another motive for the present investigation was to measure the exposure ages for meteorites of the chemical groups IIICD and HIE. However, the new information obtained on their age distributions is still inadequate to answer some old questions concerning a possible relationship to the event that produced the IIIAB-meteoroids 670 Ma ago.
Neutron Diffraction Study on the Structure of Liquid Cs-Sb Alloys
Authors: Lamparter P. , Martin W. , Steeb S. , Freyland W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By neutron diffraction experiments the total structure factors and the total pair correlation functions of liquid Cs-Sb alloys containing 85, 75, 65, and 50 at% Cs, respectively, were determined. The structural results confirm the non metallic properties of Cs-Sb melts.
The correspondence of the nearest neighbour atomic arrangement in liquid Cs75Sb25 and in the solid compound semiconductor Cs3Sb suggests a similar type of bonding, namely by valence bonds and ionic forces simultaneously. The stability of this compound in the molten state leads to a microsegregation tendency between compound forming regions and excess Cs in the concentration range from pure Cs up to 25 at% Sb, which is established by a small angle scattering effect.
Proceeding from Cs75Sb25 to Cs50Sb50, a continuous change in the structure takes place. Covalently bonded Sb chains are formed just as found in the corresponding solid compounds ASb (A = alkali metal). An additional diffraction peak in front of the main peak of the structure factors within this composition range implies the formation of rather large molecular clusters in the alloys.
Concentration Dependence of the Interdiffusion Coefficients in Molten Alkali Nitrate — Silver Nitrate Mixtures
Authors: Hahne A. , Richter J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
To measure the composition dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients in molten mixtures of alkali nitrates and silver nitrate, a wave-front-shearing interferometer, together with an initial “plane source” was used.
With this technique, the diffusion coefficients were measured in nearly differential steps in the three mixtures (Na,Ag)NO3 , (K,Ag)NO3 , and (Rb,Ag)NO3 at 300°C. The composition dependence of the diffusion coefficients D of all three systems could be described by parabolas of the form
D = a + b x 2 + c x2
2,

where x2 denotes the mole fraction of the silver nitrate. The three coefficients a,b, and c all show a clear proportionality to the radii of the akali ions. Thus an extrapolation to the not measured systems (Li, Ag)NO3 and (Cs, Ag)NO3 was possible.
Determination of a High Potential Barrier Hindering Internal Rotation from the Ground State Spectrum
Authors: Stahl W. , Dreizler H. , Hayashi M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We present an analysis of the rotational spectrum of ethylchloride-35Cl in the ground state. The 35Cl-hfs analysis was extended and the barrier to internal rotation determined from narrow splittings of high J-transitions.
A Method of Calculating Bound States in a Unified Field Model
Authors: Großer D. , Hailer B. , Hornung L. , Lauxmann T. , Stumpf H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In a model in which the usual elementary particles (leptons, quarks, photons, weak bosons, gluons, and so on) are bound states of truly elementary fermions we present a method for the calculation of the masses of these bound states. The kinetic energy of this model contains derivatives of second order so that the four-fermion interaction becomes renormalizable. The method uses explicit representations for the Hilbert space vectors of bound states.
Structure of Ni-B-Melts by Means of X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Nassif E. , Lamparter P. , Sedelmeyer B. , Steeb S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structural results for molten Ni81B19 are compared with the structure of a metallic glass which can be obtained at the same composition by rapid quenching the melt within a melt spin equipment. Structural relationship exists between the molten and the amorphous state. This feature follows especially from a marked asymmetry of the second maximum of the structure factor obtained from the melts, to which corresponds the splitting up of the second maximum in the total structure factor of the amorphous specimen. With the Ni53B47- and the Ni43B57 -melts which don't belong to the concentration range of glass-forming Ni-B-melts no peculiarities in the range of the second maximum of the structure factor were observed.