bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Outdoor Recreational Injury in Northern British Columbia
Authors: Besserer Floyd A. , Caron Nadine R. 
Published: September 2013

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the patterns of severe injury documented at a northern British Columbia regional trauma center based on age, sex, month of year, activity type, injury type, and injury severity as they relate to participation in outdoor recreational activities. Methods A retrospective analysis of data abstracted from the British Columbia Trauma Registry for patients sustaining injuries between April 1, 2004, and March 31, 2007, while engaged in outdoor recreational activities in the Northern Health Authority. The British Columbia Trauma Registry inclusion criteria are as follows: 1) admitted for treatment of injuries sustained from the transfer of external energy or force; 2) admitted to the facility within 7 days of injury; and 3) length of stay more than 2 days or in-hospital mortality. Results In all, 159 patients met study criteria. August and September were peak injury months (mean 7.3 and 7.0 per month, respectively). The highest injury patterns involved cycling ( n = 31), all-terrain vehicle operation ( n = 30), horseback riding ( n = 22), and snowmobiling ( n = 22). Of the 159 patients, 76.1% were male, with a peak age distribution between 10 years and 19 years (22%). Males were more commonly injured than females among cycling (83.9%), all-terrain vehicle (86.7%), and snowmobile (100%) traumas. Females were more commonly injured from horseback riding events (42.1%). Conclusions This study emphasizes the need for rapid translation of research findings into injury prevention awareness and programming in northern British Columbia, particularly relating to cycling, horseback riding, snowmobiling, and all-terrain vehicle operation. Further investigation is required to analyze long-term outcomes for this common injury population.
Active suspensions in thin films: nutrient uptake and swimmer motion
Authors: Lambert Ruth A. , Picano Francesco , Breugem Wim-Paul , Brandt Luca 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA numerical study of swimming particle motion and nutrient transport is conducted for a semidilute to dense suspension in a thin film. The steady squirmer model is used to represent the motion of living cells in suspension with the nutrient uptake by swimming particles modelled using a first-order kinetic equation representing the absorption process that occurs locally at the particle surface. An analysis of the dynamics of the neutral squirmers inside the film shows that the vertical motion is reduced significantly. The mean nutrient uptake for both isolated and populations of swimmers decreases for increasing swimming speeds when nutrient advection becomes relevant as less time is left for the nutrient to diffuse to the surface. This finding is in contrast to the case where the uptake is modelled by imposing a constant nutrient concentration at the cell surface and the mass flux results to be an increasing monotonic function of the swimming speed. In comparison to non-motile particles, the cell motion has a negligible influence on nutrient uptake at lower particle absorption rates since the process is rate limited. At higher absorption rates, the swimming motion results in a large increase in the nutrient uptake that is attributed to the movement of particles and increased mixing in the fluid. As the volume fraction of swimming particles increases, the squirmers consume slightly less nutrients and require more power for the same swimming motion. Despite this increase in energy consumption, the results clearly demonstrate that the gain in nutrient uptake make swimming a winning strategy for micro-organism survival also in relatively dense suspensions.
Levitation of a drop over a moving surface
Authors: Lhuissier Henri , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Tran Tuan , Sun Chao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe investigate the levitation of a drop gently deposited onto the inner wall of a rotating hollow cylinder. For a sufficiently large velocity of the wall, the drop steadily levitates over a thin air film and reaches a stable angular position in the cylinder, where the drag and lift balance the weight of the drop. Interferometric measurements yield the three-dimensional (3D) air film thickness under the drop and reveal the asymmetry of the profile along the direction of the wall motion. A two-dimensional (2D) model is presented which explains the levitation mechanism, captures the main characteristics of the air film shape and predicts two asymptotic regimes for the film thickness ${h}_{0} $: for large drops ${h}_{0} \sim {\mathit{Ca}}^{2/ 3} { \kappa }_{b}^{- 1} $, as in the Bretherton problem, where $\mathit{Ca}$ is the capillary number based on the air viscosity and ${\kappa }_{b} $ is the curvature at the bottom of the drop; for small drops ${h}_{0} \sim {\mathit{Ca}}^{4/ 5} {(a{\kappa }_{b} )}^{4/ 5} { \kappa }_{b}^{- 1} $, where $a$ is the capillary length.
Comparative study of flexible nasoendoscopic and rigid endoscopic examination for patients with upper aerodigestive tract symptoms
Authors: Fleming J C , Al-Radhi Y , Kurian A , Mitchell D B 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroduction:The objective of the current study was to compare the outcomes of rigid endoscopic procedures with those of pre-operative flexible nasoendoscopy.Methods:A total of 253 patients who had undergone rigid endoscopic examination under anaesthesia between 6 January 2010 and 31 August 2011 were identified. Their clinical, surgical and histological records were evaluated.Results:A total of 213 patients had a flexible nasoendoscopic procedure performed and recorded pre-operatively, and 82 in this cohort had a specific lesion or area of concern identified. There were 21 confirmed malignant biopsy results, the majority of which were squamous cell carcinoma. No patient with a negative pre-operative endoscopy had a malignant lesion discovered on endoscopic biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of pre-operative nasoendoscopy were 100 per cent and 66.3 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Diagnostic rigid endoscopic examination of the upper aerodigestive tract remains an important tool for excluding malignancy in high-risk patients, but is an unnecessary procedure in those low-risk patients with normal pre-operative findings.
Patient-centered assessment of cognitive symptoms of depression
Authors: Fehnel Sheri E. , Forsyth Barbara H. , DiBenedetti Dana B. , Danchenko Natalya , François Clément , Brevig Thomas 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo identify and explore concepts important to patients with cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and adapt an existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure to assess these symptoms.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted with MDD patients (n = 33) to elicit relevant concepts and determine whether one of several PRO scales could be used to assess cognitive symptoms of depression. Following selection and minor modification of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with additional patients (n = 17) to further refine and adapt this measure for use in MDD. Minor revisions based on patient input yielded the PDQ for Depression (PDQ-D).ResultsFocus group participants reported a variety of cognitive symptoms that were classified into 7 general categories: lack of focus and clear thought, memory problems, difficulty with lexical access, difficulty with divided attention, difficulty with decision making, difficulty thinking quickly, and difficulty learning new things. Limitations in work productivity were the most commonly reported impacts of cognitive symptoms. While suggesting a few modifications, focus group participants reacted positively to the PDQ based on the breadth, specificity, and relevance of the items. Cognitive debriefing participants indicated that the modified PDQ items were generally easy to understand and relevant to their experiences with MDD.ConclusionBecause cognitive symptoms are burdensome to patients with MDD, their assessment is important to optimize treatment outcomes. The PDQ-D has the potential to supplement existing assessment methods, providing unique information important for both comprehensive evaluation of individuals with MDD and evaluation of new treatments.
Lloyd-Topor completion and general stable models
Authors: LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR , YANG FANGKAI 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between the generalization of program completion defined in 1984 by Lloyd and Topor and the generalization of the stable model semantics introduced recently by Ferraris et al. The main theorem can be used to characterize, in some cases, the general stable models of a logic program by a first-order formula. The proof uses Truszczynski's stable model semantics of infinitary propositional formulas.
A CLP heap solver for test case generation
Authors: ALBERT ELVIRA , DE LA BANDA MARÍA GARCÍA , GÓMEZ-ZAMALLOA MIGUEL , ROJAS JOSÉ MIGUEL , STUCKEY PETER 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOne of the main challenges to software testing today is to efficiently handle heap-manipulating programs. These programs often build complex, dynamically allocated data structures during execution and, to ensure reliability, the testing process needs to consider all possible shapes these data structures can take. This creates scalability issues since high (often exponential) numbers of shapes may be built due to the aliasing of references. This paper presents a novel CLP heap solver for the test case generation of heap-manipulating programs that is more scalable than previous proposals, thanks to the treatment of reference aliasing by means of disjunction, and to the use of advanced back-propagation of heap related constraints. In addition, the heap solver supports the use of heap assumptions to avoid aliasing of data that, though legal, should not be provided as input.
Compact serialization of Prolog terms (with catalan skeletons, cantor tupling and Gödel numberings)
Authors: TARAU PAUL 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe describe a compact serialization algorithm mapping Prolog terms to natural numbers of bit-sizes proportional to the memory representation of the terms. The algorithm is a ‘no bit lost’ bijection, as it associates to each Prolog term a unique natural number and each natural number corresponds to a unique syntactically well-formed term.To avoid an exponential explosion resulting from bijections mapping term trees to natural numbers, we separate the symbol content and the syntactic skeleton of a term that we serialize compactly using a ranking algorithm for Catalan families.A novel algorithm for the generalized Cantor bijection between ${\mathbb{N}$ and ${\mathbb{N}$k is used in the process of assigning polynomially bounded Gödel numberings to various data objects involved in the translation.
Combining decidability paradigms for existential rules
Authors: GOTTLOB GEORG , MANNA MARCO , PIERIS ANDREAS 
Published: September 2013

AbstractExistential rules are Datalog rules extended with existential quantifiers in rule-heads. Three fundamental restriction paradigms that have been studied for ensuring decidability of query answering under existential rules are weak-acyclicity, guardedness and stickiness. Towards the identification of even more expressive decidable languages, several attempts have been conducted to consolidate weak-acyclicity with the other two paradigms. However, it is not clear how guardedness and stickiness can be merged; this is the subject of this paper. A powerful and flexible condition, called tameness, is proposed, which allows us to consolidate in an elegant and uniform way guardedness with stickiness.
Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big Bend region in Texas, USA
Authors: Bell Gorden L. , Barnes Kenneth R. , Polcyn Michael J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTUpper Cretaceous marine rocks of the Big Bend Region of trans-Pecos Texas preserve a number of marine-adapted mosasauroids. At least three unnamed taxa of basal mosasauroids are represented by remains from shaly limestones in the middle Turonian portion of the Boquillas Formation. These occur along with remains of larger derived mosasaurs referable to Russellosaurina and an undescribed tylosaurine. Derived mosasaurs from the middle to late Coniacian include the first report of Tylosaurus kansasensis outside of Kansas, T. nepaeolicus, Platecarpus planifrons, and Platecarpus aff. P. planifrons. Clidastes liodontus is found in the latest Coniacian or early Santonian part of the Pen Formation. An undescribed species of Ectenosaurus, Clidastes sp. and an indeterminate plioplatecarpine occurs in the middle Santonian to early Campanian interval of the Pen Formation. The mosasaur fauna from the Big Bend region is quite similar to that from the Smoky Hill Chalk of Kansas, a thousand kilometres to the north. We refine the position of the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary within the Ernst Member of the Boquillas Formation, based on ammonite faunas. We also corroborate previous interpretations describing the time-transgressive nature of the onset of deposition of the Pen Formation based on a west-to-east descending level of the Inoceramus (Cremnoceramus) undulatoplicatus FAD.
A K-band delay line based on parasitic reduced artificial left-handed transmission line
Authors: Lee Hyun-Seung , Lee Eun-Gyu , Kim Choul-Young 
Published: September 2013

A K-band microstrip delay line based on parasitic reduced left-handed transmission line (LHTL) with interdigital capacitors and shunt inductors is demonstrated with the aid of printed circuit board technology. The proposed delay line has ground slots under the interdigital capacitors to reduce the parasitic capacitance. The time delay of the proposed LHTLs is approximately 2.6 times larger than that of the conventional LHTLs. The input return loss of the proposed LHTL at 24 GHz is −16.9 dB and less than −10 dB from 20.5 to 26.1 GHz.
Novel dual-band multistrip monopole antenna with defected ground structure for WLAN/IMT/BLUETOOTH/WIMAX applications
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder , Khanna Rajesh , Kartikeyan Machavaram 
Published: September 2013

In the present work, a novel multistrip monopole antenna fed by a cross-shaped stripline comprising one vertical and two horizontal strips has been proposed for wireless local area network (WLAN)/Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band (ISM)/International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT)/BLUETOOTH/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The designed antenna has a small overall size of 20 × 30 mm2. The goal of this paper is to use defected ground structure (DGS) in the proposed antenna design to achieve dual-band operation with appreciable impedance bandwidth at the two operating modes satisfying several communication standards simultaneously. The antenna was simulated using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS) V9 based on the finite integration technique (FIT) with perfect boundary approximation. Finally, the proposed antenna was fabricated and some performance parameters were measured to validate against simulation results. The design procedure, parametric analysis, simulation results along with measurements for this multistrip monopole antenna using DGS operating simultaneously at WLAN (2.4/5.8 GHz), IMT (2.35 GHz), BLUETOOTH (2.45 GHz), and WiMAX (5.5 GHz) are presented.
Cell-sized liposomes reveal how actomyosin cortical tension drives shape change
Authors: Carvalho Kevin , Tsai Feng-Ching , Lees Edouard , Voituriez Raphaël , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Sykes Cecile 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Animal cells continuously move, divide, and transmit forces by actively reorganizing their internal scaffold or cytoskeleton. Molecular motors pull actin filaments together and generate contraction of the cytoskeleton underneath the cell membrane. We address the detailed mechanism of contraction by using a minimal in vitro assay: a liposome membrane to which we attach actin filaments and molecular motors in a controlled manner. We reproduce contraction like in cells. We show that the scaffold needs to be tightly attached to the membrane for efficient contraction, but, under some conditions, efficient contraction can lead to liposome destruction. These results suggest that cells must precisely control their contractility to remain intact during cellular events.
Adult and larval traits as determinants of geographic range size among tropical reef fishes
Authors: Luiz Osmar J. , Allen Andrew P. , Robertson D. Ross , Floeter Sergio R. , Kulbicki Michel , Vigliola Laurent , Becheler Ronan , Madin Joshua S. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceMarine organisms disperse mostly by ocean currents as larval propagules. Therefore, it is commonly thought that the duration of the larval stage is the fundamental determinant of geographic range size. Using a global compilation of reef fish traits, we test an alternative hypothesis: adult traits associated with population establishment and persistence in novel areas are better predictors of geographic range size than larval traits. We conclude that colonization success is as primary determinant of successful range extension and of geographic range size among tropical reef fishes.
Self-organized optical device driven by motor proteins
Authors: Aoyama Susumu , Shimoike Masahiko , Hiratsuka Yuichi 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceCertain nanomaterials, such as protein molecules, produce various advanced functions when incorporated into an ordered system and, therefore, have large potential for use in engineering devices. To explore how to assemble a functional device from protein components, we have tried to create a molecular device inspired by a fish pigment cell, “melanophore.” We induced ordered assembly of protein molecules through self-organization of the proteins in a specific artificial microstructure and thereby succeeded in producing a melanophore-like optical device. We believe that self-organization of molecules in microstructures can be a powerful method for assembling functional molecular systems in future nanotechnology.
Shear stress triggers insertion of voltage-gated potassium channels from intracellular compartments in atrial myocytes
Authors: Boycott Hannah E. , Barbier Camille S. M. , Eichel Catherine A. , Costa Kevin D. , Martins Raphael P. , Louault Florent , Dilanian Gilles , Coulombe Alain , Hatem Stéphane N. , Balse Elise 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The heart is continuously subjected to mechanical forces. The atria in particular are susceptible to changes in the mechanical environment due to their unique position as “pressure sensors.” Here, we show that increased shear stress induces the recruitment of potassium channels from intracellular storage pools to the plasma membrane, via signaling pathways that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. This process is altered in myocytes experiencing chronically increased mechanical stress. The incorporation of channels into the membrane causes changes in the electrical activity of the myocyte and may be an important way for cells to adapt to increased mechanical forces.
Global Warming: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Global warming is arguably the most critical and controversial issue facing the world in the twenty-first century. Global Warming: A Very Short Introduction provides a concise and accessible explanation of the key topics in the debate: how and why changes are occurring, setting these changes in the context of past global climate change, looking at the predicted impact of climate change, exploring the political controversies of recent years, and explaining the proposed solutions. Recent developments from US policy to the UK Climate Change Bill, and where we now stand with the Kyoto Protocol are described.
How do you model the future?
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘How do you model the future?’ considers the carbon cycle, cooling effects, and carbon emissions to show that climate models suggest the global mean surface temperature could rise by between 1.1°C and 6.4°C by 2100. The models also predict an increase in global mean sea level of between 18cm and 59cm, although this could be higher if melting of Greenland and Antarctica are included and a non-linear response is seen. Some leading climate scientists have voiced their concern that the IPCC 2007 predictions are too conservative and suggest that, to save the ice sheets, a return to a global level of 350ppm is needed as quickly as possible.
What are the possible future impacts?
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘What are the possible future impacts?’ indicates the significant and wide-ranging effects of global warming effects on the natural environment as well as on human societies and our economies. Extreme climate events as a result of global warming — storms, floods, heatwaves, droughts — will increase. The role of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which is linked to changes in the monsoon, storm patterns, and occurrence of droughts all over the world, is explained. Water security, food security, and public health will become the most important problems facing all countries. Global warming also threatens global biodiversity and the wellbeing of billions of people.
Surprises
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘Surprises’ shows that the assumption of a linear relationship between greenhouse gases and climate change may be wrong. There may be potential surprises in the global climate system, exacerbating future climate change. These include the possibility that Greenland and/or the Antarctic could melt, raising sea level by metres; a change in North Atlantic-driven deep-ocean circulation producing extreme seasonal weather in Europe; a reduction of the Amazon rainforest that could accelerate global warming and destroy biodiversity; and finally, a release of gas hydrates from deep beneath the oceans could occur if the oceans warm up sufficiently, again accelerating global warming.
Conclusion
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The ‘Conclusion’ confirms that global warming is the major challenge for our global society. There is very little doubt that global warming will change our climate in the next century. So what are the solutions to global warming? First, there must be an international political solution. Second, funding for developing cheap and clean energy production must be increased, as all economic development is based on increasing energy usage. We must not pin all our hopes on global politics and clean energy technology, so we must prepare for the worst and adapt. If implemented now, a lot of the costs and damage that could be caused by changing climate can be mitigated.
Introduction: initial observations
Authors: Davies Owen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
What does magic mean to scholars, non-scholars, scientists, writers, primitive societies, and modern cultures? ‘Introduction: initial observations’ asks How do you define magic? The Ancient Greek origins of the word ‘magic’ describe mysterious Babylonian cult rituals. The word was carried forward by Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Magic has been an accusation. The major religions have all accused rival religions of magic in an attempt to discredit them and legitimize themselves. Accusations of magic have been used within religions to allow particular factions to gain dominance. Magic also belongs to ‘folk’ religions and Paganism. Fear of ‘black magic’ still exists today, as do religions based on magic, such as Vodou (Haiti).