bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-related distress, self-care and clinical outcomes among low-income patients with diabetes
Authors: Pandit Anjali U , Bailey Stacy C , Curtis Laura M , Seligman Hilary K , Davis Terry C , Parker Ruth M , Schillinger Dean , DeWalt Darren , Fleming David , Mohr David C , Wolf Michael S 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes distress and its relationship with health behaviours and clinical outcomes in low-income patients.MethodsSecondary analyses were conducted using baseline data from a clinical trial evaluating a diabetes self-management intervention. Interviews were conducted with 666 participants receiving care at nine safety net clinics in Missouri. Distress was measured using the Diabetes Distress Scale, and outcomes included medication adherence, physical activity, nutrition and clinical biomarkers (haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol).ResultsIn a sample of 666 participants, 14.1% and 27.3% of patients were identified as highly and moderately distressed, respectively, with higher rates among younger, female and lower income patients. When compared with moderately and no distress groups, highly distressed patients were less adherent to medications (20.7% vs 29.9% vs 39.4%, p<0.001) and had higher HbA1C values (9.3% (SD=2.0) vs 8.2% (SD=1.8) vs 7.8% (SD=1.7), p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (81.8 (SD=9.4) vs 80.2 (9.7) vs 78.9 (SD=8.8), p=0.02) and LDL cholesterol (104.6 (SD=42.4) vs 97.2 (34.3) vs 95.5 (37.9)) In multivariable analyses, high and moderate distress were associated with lower medication adherence (OR=0.44; 0.27 to 0.23, p=0.001) and (OR=0.58; 0.42 to 0.79; p=0.001), respectively, and higher HbA1C in only the highly distressed group (B=1.3; 0.81 to 1.85; p<0.001) compared with the no distress group.ConclusionsDiabetes distress is prevalent and linked to poorer adherence to health behaviours and glycemic control in a sample of patients receiving care from low-income clinics.
Magnetic properties of the Campanian Ignimbrite and the marine Y5 tephra layer
Authors: Vigliotti Luigi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A set of magnetic measurements (hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic curves, magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic and isothermal remanences) were performed for samples collected from stratigraphic layers (basal ash, L1, 2a and 2b) of the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) and from its marine equivalent, the Y5 tephra layer. Day plots, Lowrie–Fuller tests and interparametric ratios demonstrate that the carrier of the remanence is low Ti-magnetite with grain size mostly characterized by pseudo-single-domain (PSD) grains. The magnetite content increases toward the top, particularly in the uppermost 2b layer which is also characterized by smaller grain size. The distribution of the magnetic content is different among the different layers and it may reflect a primary signature as well as post-depositional transformation such as zeolitization and/or maghemitization. The magnetic data confirm the correlation between the CI and the Y5 tephra layer and indicate that a unique eruption was responsible for their emplacement. First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams clearly display that the plinian basal ash can be considered the only true source for the marine tephra layer. The results demonstrate the potential of magnetic methods to characterize pyroclastic flow deposits and provide support for the identification and correlation of distal tephra.
A Transgenic Mouse Model for Early Prostate Metastasis to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Ko Hyun-Kyung , Akakura Shin , Peresie Jennifer , Goodrich David W. , Foster Barbara A. , Gelman Irwin H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The emergence of recurrent, metastatic prostate cancer following the failure of androgen-deprivation therapy represents the lethal phenotype of this disease. However, little is known regarding the genes and pathways that regulate this metastatic process, and moreover, it is unclear whether metastasis is an early or late event. The individual genetic loss of the metastasis suppressor, SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 or Rb, genes that are downregulated or deleted in human prostate cancer, results in prostatic hyperplasia. Here, we show that the combined loss of Akap12 and Rb results in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) that fails to progress to malignancy after 18 months. Strikingly, 83% of mice with PIN lesions exhibited metastases to draining lymph nodes, marked by relatively differentiated tumor cells expressing markers of basal (p63, cytokeratin 14) and luminal (cytokeratin 8 and androgen receptor) epithelial cells, although none expressed the basal marker, cytokeratin 5. The finding that PIN lesions contain increased numbers of p63/AR-positive, cytokeratin 5-negative basal cells compared with WT or Akap12−/− prostate lobes suggests that these transitional cells may be the source of the lymph node metastases. Taken together, these data suggest that in the context of Rb loss, Akap12 suppresses the oncogenic proliferation and early metastatic spread of basal-luminal prostate tumor cells. Cancer Res; 74(3); 945–53. ©2014 AACR.
Combination of YM155, a Survivin Suppressant, with Bendamustine and Rituximab: A New Combination Therapy to Treat Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kaneko Naoki , Mitsuoka Keisuke , Amino Nobuaki , Yamanaka Kentaro , Kita Aya , Mori Masamichi , Miyoshi Sosuke , Kuromitsu Sadao 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Purpose: There remains an unmet therapeutic need for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of sepantronium bromide (YM155), a survivin suppressant, in combination with either bendamustine or both bendamustine and rituximab using DLBCL models.
Experimental Design: Human DLBCL cell lines, DB, SU-DHL-8, and WSU-DLCL2, were treated with YM155 in combination with bendamustine. Cell viability, apoptosis induction, protein expression, and cell-cycle distribution were evaluated. Furthermore, antitumor activities of YM155, in combination with bendamustine or both bendamustine and rituximab, were evaluated in mice bearing human DLBCL xenografts.
Results: The combination of YM155 with bendamustine showed greater cell growth inhibition and sub-G1 population than either agent alone. YM155 inhibited bendamustine-induced activation of the ATM pathway and accumulation of survivin at G2–M phase, with greater DNA damage and apoptosis than either single agent alone. In a DLBCL DB murine xenograft model, YM155 enhanced the antitumor activity of bendamustine, resulting in complete tumor regression without affecting body weight. Furthermore, YM155 combined with bendamustine and rituximab, decreased FLT-PET signals in lymph nodes and prolonged overall survival of mice bearing disseminated SU-DHL-8, an activated B-cell–like (ABC)-DLBCL xenografts when compared with the combination of either rituximab and bendamustine or YM155 with rituximab.
Conclusions: These results support a clinical trial of the combination of YM155 with bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1814–22. ©2014 AACR.
Hypoxia-Driven Gene Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Stage II and III Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Dekervel Jeroen , Hompes Daphne , van Malenstein Hannah , Popovic Dusan , Sagaert Xavier , De Moor Bart , Van Cutsem Eric , D'Hoore André , Verslype Chris , van Pelt Jos 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurpose: Hypoxia is considered a major microenvironmental factor influencing cancer behavior. Our aim was to develop a hypoxia-based gene score that could identify high and low risk within stage II and III colon cancer patients.Experimental Design: Differential gene expression of CaCo-2 colon cancer cells cultured in chronic hypoxia versus normoxia was tested for correlation with prognostic variables in published microarray datasets. These datasets were further used to downsize and optimize a gene score, which was subsequently determined in paraffin-embedded material of 126 patients with colon cancer treated in our center.Results: In the CaCo-2 cells, 923 genes with a 2-fold change and Limma corrected P ≤ 0.0001 were found differentially expressed in hypoxia versus normoxia. We identified 21 genes with prognostic value and overlapping in three different training sets and (n = 224). With a fourth published dataset (n = 177), the six-gene Colon Cancer Hypoxia Score (CCHS) was developed. Patients with low CCHS showed a significant better disease-free survival at three years (77.3%) compared with high CCHS patients (46.4%; log-rank, P = 0.006). This was independently confirmed in an external patient cohort of 90 stage II patients (86.9% vs. 52.2%; P = 0.001).Conclusions: Hypoxia-driven gene expression is associated with high recurrence rates in stage II and III colon cancer. A six-gene score was found to be of independent prognostic value in these patients. Our findings require further validation and incorporation in the current knowledge on molecular classification of colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(8); 2159–68. ©2014 AACR.
Establishing a Diagnostic Road Map for MUTYH-Associated Polyposis
Authors: Borras Ester , Taggart Melissa W. , Lynch Patrick M. , Vilar Eduardo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The analysis of MUTYH-associated polyposis cases of the EPIPOLIP cohort confirms the importance of including serrated polyps in the diagnostic work-up of patients with oligopolyposis, suggests a role for screening polyps for the somatic c.34G&gt;T KRAS mutation, and allows the implementation of a genetic testing strategy based on population data. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1061–3. ©2014 AACR.
Metabolic Activity of the Spleen and Bone Marrow in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Evaluated by
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomograpic Imaging
Authors: Kim Eung Ju , Kim Sungeun , Kang Dong Oh , Seo Hong Seog 
Published: February 2014

Background—

Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease associated with the activation of hematopoietic and immune-related organs such as the bone marrow (BM) and spleen. We evaluated the metabolic activity of those organs and of the carotid artery with
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with coronary artery disease, including acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

Whole-body combined
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 32 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 33 patients with chronic stable angina, and 25 control subjects. The mean standard uptake value was calculated in the regions of interest in the spleen and the BM of lumbar vertebrae. The target-to-background ratio of the standard uptake values of the carotid artery and jugular vein was also calculated. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, the standard uptake values of the BM (1.67±0.16) and spleen (2.57±0.39), as well as the target-to-background ratio of the carotid artery (2.13±0.42), were significantly higher than the corresponding values of patients with angina (1.22±0.62; 2.03±0.35; 1.36±0.37; all
P
<0.001) and controls (0.80±0.44; 1.54±0.26; 1.22±0.22; all
P
<0.001), independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In all groups combined, the target-to-background ratio of the carotid artery was significantly associated with the standard uptake values of the BM (
r
=0.535;
P
<0.001), spleen (
r
=0.663;
P
<0.001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (
r
=0.465;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The metabolic activity of the BM and spleen, as well as of the carotid artery, was highest in patients with acute myocardial infarction, intermediate in patients with angina, and lowest in control subjects. The activation of the BM and spleen was significantly associated with inflammatory activity of the carotid artery.
Hospital Variation in Survival After In‐hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Merchant Raina M. , Berg Robert A. , Yang Lin , Becker Lance B. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Chan Paul S. ,   for the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines‐Resuscitation Investigators
Published: February 2014

Background

In‐hospital cardiac arrest (
IHCA
) is common and often fatal. However, the extent to which hospitals vary in survival outcomes and the degree to which this variation is explained by patient and hospital factors is unknown.

Methods and Results

Within Get with the Guidelines‐Resuscitation, we identified 135 896 index
IHCA
events at 468 hospitals. Using hierarchical models, we adjusted for demographics comorbidities and arrest characteristics (eg, initial rhythm, etiology, arrest location) to generate risk‐adjusted rates of in‐hospital survival. To quantify the extent of hospital‐level variation in risk‐adjusted rates, we calculated the median odds ratio (
OR
). Among study hospitals, there was significant variation in unadjusted survival rates. The median unadjusted rate for the bottom decile was 8.3% (range: 0% to 10.7%) and for the top decile was 31.4% (28.6% to 51.7%). After adjusting for 36 predictors of in‐hospital survival, there remained substantial variation in rates of in‐hospital survival across sites: bottom decile (median rate, 12.4% [0% to 15.6%]) versus top decile (median rate, 22.7% [21.0% to 36.2%]). The median
OR
for risk‐adjusted survival was 1.42 (95%
CI
: 1.37 to 1.46), which suggests a substantial 42% difference in the odds of survival for patients with similar case‐mix at similar hospitals. Further, significant variation persisted within hospital subgroups (eg, bed size, academic).

Conclusion

Significant variability in
IHCA
survival exists across hospitals, and this variation persists despite adjustment for measured patient factors and within hospital subgroups. These findings suggest that other hospital factors may account for the observed site‐level variations in
IHCA
survival.
Uncertainty of Concentration–Terrestrial Carbon Feedback in Earth System Models*
Authors: Hajima Tomohiro , Tachiiri Kaoru , Ito Akihiko , Kawamiya Michio 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Carbon uptake by land and ocean as a biogeochemical response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is called concentration–carbon feedback and is one of the carbon cycle feedbacks of the global climate. This feedback can have a major impact on climate projections with an uncertain magnitude. This paper focuses on the concentration–carbon feedback in terrestrial ecosystems, analyzing the mechanisms and strength of the feedback reproduced by Earth system models (ESMs) participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. It is confirmed that multiple ESMs driven by a common scenario show a large spread of concentration–carbon feedback strength among models. Examining the behavior of the carbon fluxes and pools of the models showed that the sensitivity of plant productivity to elevated CO2 is likely the key to reduce the spread, although increasing CO2 stimulates other carbon cycle processes. Simulations with a single ESM driven by different CO2 pathways demonstrated that carbon accumulation increases in scenarios with slower CO2 increase rates. Using both numerical and analytical approaches, the study showed that the difference among CO2 scenarios is a time lag of terrestrial carbon pools in response to atmospheric CO2 increase—a high rate of CO2 increase results in smaller carbon accumulations than that in an equilibrium state of a given CO2 concentration. These results demonstrate that the current quantities for concentration–carbon feedback are incapable of capturing the feedback dependency on the carbon storage state and suggest that the concentration feedback can be larger for future scenarios where the CO2 growth rate is reduced.
A Technique to Measure Ice Nuclei in the Contact Mode
Authors: Niehaus Joseph , Bunker Kristopher W. , China Swarup , Kostinski Alexander , Mazzoleni Claudio , Cantrell Will 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study presents a new technique to study ice nucleation by aerosols in the contact mode. Contact freezing depends upon the interaction of a supercooled droplet of water and an aerosol particle, with the caveat that the particle must be at the air–water interface. To measure nucleation catalyzed in this mode, the technique employs water droplets that are supercooled via a temperature-controlled copper stage, then pulls aerosol-laden air past them. Particles deposit out of the airstream and come into contact with the surface of the droplet. The probability that a particle–droplet collision initiates a freezing event, necessitating knowledge of the total number of particles that collide with the droplet, is reported. In tests of the technique, ice nucleation by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae is found to be more efficient in the contact mode than in the immersion mode by two orders of magnitude at −3°C with the difference diminishing by −8°C.
Objective Categorization of Heavy-Rain-Producing MCS Synoptic Types by Rotated Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Peters John M. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this research, rotated principal component analysis was applied to the atmospheric fields associated with a large sample of heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Cluster analysis in the subspace defined by the leading two resulting principal components revealed two subtypes with distinct synoptic and mesoscale characteristics, which are referred to as warm-season-type and synoptic-type events, respectively. Subsequent composite analysis showed that both subtypes typically occurred on the cool side of a quasi-stationary, low-level frontal boundary, within a region of locally maximized low-level convergence and warm advection. Synoptic-type events, which tended to exhibit greater horizontal extent than warm-season-type events, typically occurred downstream of a progressive upper-level trough, along a low-level potential temperature gradient with the warmest air to the south and southeast. Warm-season-type events, on the other hand, occurred within the right-entrance region of a minimally to anticyclonically curved upper-level jet streak, along a low-level potential temperature gradient with the warmest low-level air to the southwest. Synoptic-scale forcing for ascent was stronger in synoptic-type events, while low-level moisture was greater in warm-season-type events. Warm-season-type events were frequently preceded by the passage of a trailing-stratiform- (TS) type MCS, whereas synoptic-type events often occurred prior to the passage of a TS-type system. Analysis of the composite vertical wind profiles at the event location suggests that quasi-stationary behavior in warm-season events predominantly resulted from upstream propagation that nearly canceled advection by the mean steering flow, whereas in the case of synoptic-type events training predominantly resulted from system motion that paralleled a front.
Patients with Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Show Altered T‐Cell Populations with a Dominant TH17 Profile
Authors: Anderson Martin E. , Buchwald Zachary S. , Ko Je , Aurora Rajeev , Sanford Thomas 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo characterize the immunologic changes of the tonsil as they correlate with increasing apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) in children.Study DesignProspective immunologic analysis.SettingTertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.SubjectsTonsils were collected from 24 children with obstructive sleep apnea, all of whom had undergone polysomnography at an accredited sleep center using scoring determined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2007 scoring manual. Patients were excluded if they had been diagnosed with craniofacial abnormalities, neuromuscular disorders, or immunodeficiency.MethodsSingle‐cell suspensions were isolated from tonsils of 13 individuals and stained with fluor‐conjugated antibodies and analyzed using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Single‐cell suspensions from tonsils of 11 additional individuals were incubated 21 hours and subjected to multiplexed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay cytokine analysis.ResultsIn patients with an AHI >5 events/h, there was a statistically significant increase in the fraction of CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells (P <. 01), and the percentage of CD8+ FoxP3+ T cells (TcREG) showed a statistically significant decrease (P <. 005). Cytokine analysis revealed high levels of interleukin (IL)–17A, IL‐1b, IL‐10, and IL‐12p70 production. Cytokine profiles revealed a conspicuous absence of IL‐4 and IL‐2.ConclusionsOur results indicate the tonsils of patients with obstructive sleep apnea have an ongoing inflammatory response characterized by increased effector CD4 T cells and decreased FoxP3 CD8 T cells. The TH17 skewing suggests that local immune activation may be either autoimmune or due to an extracellular pathogen.
Pneumonectomy for nonmalignant disease
Authors: Martin Jeremiah , Ferraris Victor A , Saha Sibu P 
Published: February 2014

Background Pneumonectomy for nonmalignant disease is unusual. We wondered about the incidence, predisposing risks, and outcomes of this entity. Methods We interrogated the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database to compare patients undergoing pneumonectomy for benign or malignant indications between 2006 and 2010. Results 309 of 3081 (10%) patients underwent pneumonectomy for nonmalignant conditions. The benign group were younger (56 vs. 62 years), more likely to be on steroid therapy (11.3% vs. 2.7%), and less likely to be current smokers (14.4% vs. 20.1%). Both groups had an equal incidence of comorbidities. Preoperative pulmonary function was decreased in the nonmalignant group: forced expiratory volume in 1 s 61% vs. 74% of predicted; carbon monoxide diffusion in the lung 61% vs. 71% of predicted. The most common nonmalignant etiologies requiring pneumonectomy were lung and pleural infections. The benign group had increased postoperative bleeding, infections, and lung-related complications. Conclusions Approximately 10% of patients undergoing pneumonectomy have nonmalignant disease. In these cases, careful patient selection with detailed preoperative preparation including improvement in nutrition and functional status are indicated. Technical aspects of pneumonectomy, which minimize perioperative bleeding and infectious complications, are particularly important when this surgery is performed for nonmalignant conditions.
Clinicians’, policy makers’ and patients’ views of pediatric cross-border care between Malta and the UK
Authors: Saliba Vanessa , Muscat Natasha Azzopardi , Vella Mairi , Montalto Simon Attard , Fenech Charlene , McKee Martin , Knai Cécile 
Published: February 2014

Objective The Malta–UK cross-border health care collaboration gives Maltese patients access to highly specialized care that is not available locally. Our aim was to identify the issues that arise in cross-border specialized care for rare childhood diseases. Methods We conducted 31 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with policy makers, consultant pediatricians from Mater Dei Hospital in Malta, the Royal Marsden Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital in England and the parents of a random sample of children referred for treatment abroad in 2011. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis of the data. Results Respondents viewed the collaboration as successful in providing timely access to high quality specialist care. Four factors facilitated implementation: long established personal relationships; communication and data sharing; shared care approach; and well established support systems. The key challenges are logistical, financial, communication and cultural and psychological. Conclusion Cross-border care pathways can successfully support access to high quality specialized care that is acceptable to health professionals and patients.