bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From guidelines to radiology practice: navigating the 2023 ASCO guidelines for advanced gastroesophageal cancer and beyond
Authors: Tippareddy Charit , Martinez Orlando M. , Benza Andrew R. , Bera Kaustav , Ramaiya Nikhil , Tirumani Sree Harsha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) updated the guidelines for the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal (GE) cancer in 2023, signifying a major shift towards targeted therapeutics and precision medicine. This article serves as an imaging-based review of recent developments in the care of patients with GE cancer. We cover the epidemiology, the developing treatment paradigms, and the imaging assessment of GE malignancy. In addition, this review aims to familiarize radiologists with the unique adverse effects pertaining to therapeutics, surgeries, radiation therapies, and associated imaging corollaries. A case-based approach will be used to both explore the efficacy of modern treatments and demonstrate their adverse effects, such as chemotherapy-associated pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, and anastomotic failure. With this comprehensive exploration of gastroesophageal cancer, radiologists will be equipped with the essential tools to inform the treatment decisions made by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and surgical oncologists in the new era of precision medicine.
Graphical abstract
Water requirements and crop coefficients of edible, spicy and medicinal herbs and vegetables; a review aimed at supporting plant and water management
Authors: Pereira Luis S. , Mota Mariana , Raziei Tayeb , Paredes Paula 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional edible, spicy and medicinal herbs rarely are included in studies on water requirements, evapotranspiration and crop coefficients (Kc) of vegetable crops. While the latter refer to large markets and are used worldwide, the former has small and specialized markets. They are very rarely grown in large farms but rather in small farming systems, or just harvested in the wild, and related evapotranspiration (ET) studies are less frequently considered in main journals focused on water management in agriculture. However, there is abundant bibliography covering traditional edible, spicy and medicinal herbs. Following the partition adopted in recently published articles on Kc values, such crops are grouped according to the main part of the plant purposefully harvested: roots, rhizomes and tubers; leaves and flowers; fruits, pods and seeds. Since we focused on Kc and not on the products, and because many crops have simultaneously two usages such as spicy and medicinal, main uses are presented to characterize the crop. Interestingly, the reviewed crop coefficients have values quite similar to those of the more common and popular vegetable crops. The single crop coefficients reviewed, and referring to the initial, mid-season and end-season periods, are tabulated according to the referred groups. In addition, aiming at their use in water management and modelling, crop heights, root depths, fractions of ground cover and fractions of soil water extraction without stress are also tabulated. In conclusion, this review aimed at successfully provide Kc values to be used for computing crop evapotranspiration for irrigation scheduling and crop water management of the referred herbs and vegetables.
Measuring repeatability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI biomarkers improves evaluation of biological response to radiotherapy in lung cancer
Authors: Sridharan Nivetha , Salem Ahmed , Little Ross A. , Tariq Maira , Cheung Susan , Dubec Michael J. , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Parker Geoffrey J. M. , Porta Nuria , O’Connor James P. B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To measure dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) biomarker repeatability in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To use these statistics to identify which individual target lesions show early biological response.

Materials and methods
A single-centre, prospective DCE-MRI study was performed between September 2015 and April 2017. Patients with NSCLC were scanned before standard-of-care radiotherapy to evaluate biomarker repeatability and two weeks into therapy to evaluate biological response. Volume transfer constant (K
trans), extravascular extracellular space volume fraction (v
e) and plasma volume fraction (v
p) were measured at each timepoint along with tumour volume. Repeatability was assessed using a within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV) and repeatability coefficient (RC). Cohort treatment effects on biomarkers were estimated using mixed-effects models. RC limits of agreement revealed which individual target lesions changed beyond that expected with biomarker daily variation.

Results
Fourteen patients (mean age, 67 years +/− 12, 8 men) had 22 evaluable lesions (12 primary tumours, 8 nodal metastases, 2 distant metastases). The wCV (in 8/14 patients) was between 9.16% to 17.02% for all biomarkers except for v
p, which was 42.44%. Cohort-level changes were significant for K
trans and v
e (p < 0.001) and tumour volume (p = 0.002). K
trans and tumour volume consistently showed the greatest number of individual lesions showing biological response. In distinction, no individual lesions had a real change in v
e despite the cohort-level change.

Conclusion
Identifying individual early biological responders provided additional information to that derived from conventional cohort cohort-level statistics, helping to prioritise which parameters would be best taken forward into future studies.

Clinical relevance statement
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers K
trans and tumour volume are repeatable and detect early treatment-induced changes at both cohort and individual lesion levels, supporting their use in further evaluation of radiotherapy and targeted therapeutics.

Key Points

Few literature studies report quantitative imaging biomarker precision, by measuring repeatability or reproducibility.

Several DCE-MRI biomarkers of lung cancer tumour microenvironment were highly repeatable.

Repeatability coefficient measurements enabled lesion-specific evaluation of early biological response to therapy, improving conventional assessment.
Pattern-based forecasting enhances the prediction skill of European heatwaves into the sub-seasonal range
Authors: Rouges Emmanuel , Ferranti Laura , Kantz Holger , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe prediction of European heatwaves at the subseasonal range is of key importance to mitigate their impact. This study builds on previous work which identifies five main European heatwave types based on their atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs). These CPs are potential predictors of heatwaves, as these patterns are connected with a high probability of 2-meter temperature exceeding the 90th percentile. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use these patterns to construct a pattern-based forecast method. The skill of this method to forecast extreme warm temperatures is then assessed and compared with the direct grid-point based forecast (using the direct 2-meter temperature forecast of the model). The extended (or subseasonal) range reforecast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is used for the skill evaluation. Firstly, the skill of the extended range model is assessed in predicting CPs. The pattern-based methodology is then compared with the direct prediction of extreme warm temperatures. The results show that the pattern-based methodology has a low skill at the short to medium range compared to the direct method, however it maintains skill for longer lead times, extending the forecast skill horizon significantly by up to six days over key heatwave regions. This improvement is localized over regions with the highest conditional probability of extreme warm temperatures. Furthermore, the prediction skill of 4-day periods of high temperatures using CPs lasting at least five days is also assessed. A similar improvement in forecast skill horizon is observed but the improvement is more modest and even more localized. This methodology provides skilful forecast at longer lead times to the end of the medium range and into the subseasonal range, which would be beneficial for early warnings of European heatwaves and therefore support the timely implementation of mitigation plans.
Short-term complication rates of open reduction and plate fixation and intramedullary nailing in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Whitaker Sarah , Cole Sarah , O’Neill Conor , Satalich James , Schmidt R. Cole , Vanderbeck Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This is a retrospective cohort study designed to compare short-term postoperative complication rates between closed humeral shaft fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus intramedullary nailing (IMN), as well as secondary independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Materials and methods
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried using CPT codes to identify patients that underwent an open reduction and plate fixation or intramedullary nailing procedure for a closed humeral shaft fracture from 2010 to 2021. Cohorts were matched using propensity scores to account for demographic differences and rates of complications were compared between the two groups.

Results
From the database, a total of 4,222 patients were identified who met inclusion criteria, with 3,326 and 896 undergoing ORIF and IMN respectively. After propensity score matching, 866 of the nearest-neighbor matches were included in each cohort for a total of 1,732 patients in the final analysis. The rate of any adverse event (AAE) was significantly higher in the ORIF cohort (16.3%) than the IMN cohort (12.1%, p = 0.01). The ORIF group had higher rates of postoperative transfusion (p = 0.002), return to OR (p = 0.005), and surgical site infection (SSI, p = 0.03). After multivariate analysis, ASA class 4, increasing age, increasing operative time, and history of bleeding disorder were found to increase the risk of AAE in both ORIF and IMN patients.

Conclusions
While prior studies have claimed higher complication rates in IMN patients, this study found a significantly higher short-term risk of AAE in ORIF patients when compared in matched cohorts. However, individual 30-day complication rates do not differ significantly between procedures, and both have been shown to be safe and effective tools in the management of humeral shaft fractures.
Risk factors for developing intra-abdominal abscess following appendicectomy for acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mao B P , Collins G , Ayeni F E , Vagg D J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic appendicectomy is commonly performed in Australia for treatment of acute appendicitis. Intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) is a potential complication following appendicectomy for acute appendicitis. Risk factors for developing post-operative IAA remain controversial and poorly defined. Laparoscopic washout may be performed for patients who develop complication(s) including IAA. The aim of this study was to define risk factors for both the development of IAA and identify patients who may require laparoscopic washout following appendicectomy.

Methods
Data were obtained from 423 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy over a five-year period (2012–2017). Clinical (fever, haemodynamics, examination findings), biochemical (white cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, bilirubin, albumin), radiological (CT free fluid), and operative factors (inflammation, suppuration, free-fluid, perforation, histopathology) collected in the pre-, peri-, and post-operative period(s) were analysed.

Results
23 (5.4%) patients developed post-operative IAA. Duration of intravenous antibiotics was significantly longer in patients who developed IAA and in those who required laparoscopic washout (p < 0.0001). C-reactive protein (CRP) on admission (p < 0.05) and appendiceal perforation (p = 0.0005) were significantly higher in patients who either developed IAA or needed laparoscopic washout. No clinical or radiological finding predicted either the development of IAA or need for laparoscopic washout.

Conclusion
Elevated CRP on admission may predict the development of post-operative IAA formation or the need for laparoscopic washout post-appendicectomy. Prolonged post-operative antibiotic use appears independent of the development of IAA as well as the need for laparoscopic washout. These data highlight the need for clear guidelines on peri-operative antibiotic use following appendicectomy.
Lowering platelet-count threshold for transfusion in preterm neonates decreases the number of transfusions without increasing severe hemorrhage events
Authors: Billion Elodie , Ghattas Souad , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Irmesi Roberta , Ndoudi Likoho Bellaure , Patkai Juliana , Zana-Taieb Elodie , Torchin Heloise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThrombocytopenia is common in preterm neonates and can be associated with hemorrhage. Most platelet transfusions are prophylactic. Previously, higher platelet-count thresholds were recommended for neonates, but this recommendation has been questioned in recent studies. In the PlaNeT2 trial, mortality and serious bleeding were more frequent in neonates with the highest platelet-count threshold than in others. Following this trial, we changed our platelet transfusion practice by lowering the platelet-count threshold for prophylactic transfusion from 50,000 to 25,000/mm3. We conducted a before–after retrospective cohort study to quantify the frequency of platelet transfusions and assess the new protocol by analyzing death and serious hemorrhage events. This retrospective monocentric study included neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation with platelet count < 150,000/mm3 during the 2 years preceding the new platelet transfusion protocol (high prophylactic transfusion threshold, 50,000/mm3) and during the 2 years after the new platelet transfusion protocol (low prophylactic transfusion threshold, 25,000/mm3). The primary outcome was the proportion of neonates receiving at least one platelet transfusion in both groups. We also compared the proportion of deaths and severe hemorrhage events. A total of 707 neonates with thrombocytopenia were identified. In the high-threshold group, 99/360 (27.5%) received at least one platelet transfusion as compared with 56/347 (16.1%) in the low-threshold group (p < 0.001). The groups did not differ in proportion of deaths or severe hemorrhage events.Conclusions: A reduced platelet-count threshold for transfusion allowed for a significant reduction in the number of platelet transfusions without increasing severe hemorrhage events.

What is Known:• A recent randomized trial suggested that restrictive platelet-count thresholds for platelet transfusion could be beneficial for preterm neonates.

What is New:• On lowering the platelet-count threshold for transfusion from 50,000 to 25,000/mm3, the number of transfusions significantly decreased without increasing severe hemorrhage events in a neonatal intensive care unit.
The Allen–Cahn equation with weakly critical random initial datum
Authors: Gabriel Simon , Rosati Tommaso , Zygouras Nikos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work considers the two-dimensional Allen–Cahn equation $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t u = \frac{1}{2}\Delta u + \mathfrak {m}\, u -u^3, \quad u(0,x)= \eta (x), \qquad \forall (t,x) \in [0, \infty ) \times {\textbf {R}}^{2}, \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
=

1
2

Δ
u
+
m

u
-

u
3

,

u

(
0
,
x
)

=
η

(
x
)

,

∀

(
t
,
x
)

∈

[
0
,
∞
)

×

R

2

,

where the initial condition $$ \eta $$
η
is a two-dimensional white noise, which lies in the scaling critical space of initial data to the equation. In a weak coupling scaling, we establish a Gaussian limit with nontrivial size of fluctuations, thus casting the nonlinearity as marginally relevant. The result builds on a precise analysis of the Wild expansion of the solution and an understanding of the underlying stochastic and combinatorial structure. This gives rise to a representation for the limiting variance in terms of Butcher series associated to the solution of an ordinary differential equation.
The effect of ATLS/PHTLS spinal motion restriction protocol on the incidence of spinal cord injury, a nationwide database study
Authors: Kraai Tijmen W. , Groen Sylvester R. , Nawijn Femke , Panneman Martien J.M. , Hogervorst Mike , Brinke Joost G. Ten , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To study trends in incidence and outcome of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in the Netherlands before, during and after implementation of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS®) and Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS®)- Spinal Motion Restriction(SMR) protocol.

Methods
In an observational database we studied national hospital admission and emergency department databases to analyse incidence rates and outcome of traumatic spinal cord injury and spinal fractures in the emergency department and in admittances in The Netherlands between 1986 and 2021.

Results
A significant increase of 39% in TSCI in admitted patients with spinal fractures over the past 35 years (p < 0.001). This increase was especially prevalent in cervical spinal fractures (132%), while thoracic and lumbosacral spinal fractures showed a decrease in accompanied TSCI (64% and 88% respectively). The overall increase in spinal fractures was not significant. The duration of hospital admission decreased for spinal fractures without TSCI and with TSCI (66% and 56% respectively).

Conclusion
Since implementation of the SMR-protocol was aiming to limit TSCI in patients who suffered a spinal fracture, the increase in TSCI is an unexpected finding. Exact explanation for this increase is unclear and the contribution of the SMR-protocol is not fully understood due to confounders in the used datasets. Either way, the scientific evidence supporting this costly time- and labor-intensive SMR-protocol remains debated, along with evidence contradicting it. Therefore it stresses the need for clear, evidencebased reasoning for spinal immobilization according to ATLS, as this is currently lacking.
EPR at 80: Carotenoid Radical Cation Detection
Authors: Focsan A. Ligia , Kispert Lowell D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) has proven to be a powerful research tool in the study of carotenoid radicals providing detailed information on their structure, stability, and biological functions. Previously published simultaneous electrochemical and EPR (SEEPR) and high-field/high-frequency (HFEPR) experiments in vitro performed by Kispert’s group and in collaboration with National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) for the HFEPR measurements, were extremely helpful in elucidating the structure of the carotenoid radical cation and obtaining EPR parameters for carotenoids that were further used in the literature for comparison with parameters obtained for in vivo experiments.
The effect of laser therapy for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion
Authors: Parlar Oz Ozge , Karagozoglu İrem , Kocer Ipek , Demırkol Nermin , Zer Yasemin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study was to measure the degree of dentine surface roughness caused by five distinct lasers used to treat dentine hypersensitivity, as well as to evaluate the subsequent bacterial colonization on these irradiated surfaces. Sixty human maxillary premolar teeth without caries or restoration which were extracted for periodontal reasons were used in this study. Five different types of lasers were applied to the root dentin surface. Tested samples were divided into six groups of 10 samples each; control, diode (810 nm), diode (980 nm), Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, and Er, Cr: YSGG laser groups. The arithmetic mean of the surface roughness values (Ra) and the average roughness over a measurement area (Sa) were measured pre- and post-application using any of the laser types. Swab samples were then collected from the dentin surface. Following a 24-hour incubation period at 37 °C, the colony forming units were counted using a stereoscope. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness values pre- and post-application (Ra and Sa, respectively) in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser group (p = 0.037,p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed in the other groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of bacterial colonies observed between the test and control groups. Diode and Nd: YAG lasers showed either a decrease or no change in surface roughness; however, the hard tissue lasers (Er: YAG, Er, Cr: YSGG) showed an increase. The Er: YAG and Nd: YAG laser groups exhibited decreased bacterial adhesion compared to the other groups.
Time value of informal care of people with alzheimer’s disease in Spain: a population-based analysis
Authors: C Vilaplana-Prieto , J Oliva-Moreno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aims of this paper are to estimate the monetary value of informal care for people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Spain, to compare results with those obtained in 2008 and to analyse the main determinants of the time of the value of informal care. The Survey on Disabilities, Autonomy and Dependency carried out in Spain in 2020/21 was used to obtain information about disabled individuals with AD and their informal caregivers. Assessment of informal care time was carried out using two alternative approaches: the replacement method, and the contingent valuation method (willingness to pay & willingness to accept). The number of people with AD residing in Spanish households and receiving informal care rose to more than 200,000, representing an increase of 43% compared with 2008. The average number of hours of informal care per week ranged from 86 to 101 h, with an estimated value of between €31,584 - €37,019 per year per caregiver (willingness to accept) or €71,653 - €83,984 per year (replacement). The annual total number of caregiving hours ranged between 896 and 1,061 million hours, representing between 0.52 and 0.62 of GDP in 2021 (willingness to accept) or 1.19–1.40 of GDP (replacement). The level of care needs plays a central role in explaining heterogeneity in estimates. These results should be taken into account by decision-makers for long-term care planning in the coming years.