bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Frequency of Rehabilitation Therapy and Long-Term Mortality After Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nam Je Shik , Heo Seok-Jae , Kim Yong Wook , Lee Sang Chul , Yang Seung Nam , Yoon Seo Yeon 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the effects of rehabilitation therapy on poststroke mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between rehabilitation therapy, including both inpatient and outpatient treatment, within the first 6 months after stroke and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with stroke using the Korean National Health Insurance System data.

METHODS:

A total of 10 974 patients newly diagnosed with stroke using the
International Classification of Diseases
,
Tenth Revision
, codes (I60–I64) between 2003 and 2019 were enrolled and followed up for all-cause mortality until 2019. Follow-up for mortality began 6 months after the index event. Poststroke patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the frequency of rehabilitation therapy: no rehabilitation therapy, ≤40 sessions and >40 sessions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the mortality risk according to rehabilitation therapy stratified by disability severity measured based on activities of daily living 6 months after stroke onset.

RESULTS:
Within 6 months after stroke, 6738 patients (61.4%) did not receive rehabilitation therapy, whereas 2122 (19.3%) received ≤40 sessions and 2114 (19.3%) received >40 sessions of rehabilitation therapy. Higher frequency of rehabilitation therapy was associated with significantly lower poststroke mortality in comparison to no rehabilitation therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79–0.99]), especially among individuals with severe disability after stroke (mild to moderate: HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.77–1.35]; severe: HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62–0.87]). In the context of stroke type, higher frequency of rehabilitation therapy was associated with reduced mortality rates compared with no rehabilitation therapy only in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (ischemic: HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.91–1.18]; hemorrhagic: HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.49–0.74]).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found a positive association between rehabilitation therapy within 6 months after stroke onset and long-term mortality in patients with stroke. A higher frequency of rehabilitation therapy would be recommended for poststroke patients, especially those with hemorrhagic stroke and severe disability.
Debating Diya: Indirect Rule and the Transformation of Islamic Law in British Colonial Northern Nigeria
Authors: Akande Rabiat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For all of British Colonial Indirect Rule’s avowed deference to Islamic law and institutions in Northern Nigeria, it radically transformed them. Of the most overt areas in which this occurred was the colonial state’s elimination of diya, the payment of compensation for unlawful killing. Justified by the colonial state on the basis of good order, the abolition of diya was the product of a debate over who had the prerogative to respond to crimes directed at the person: the aggrieved individual or the state. Prominent Muslim jurists argued in favor of the former, citing source texts and the precolonial practice that gave life to those textual prescriptions. On the other hand, colonial administrators insisted that the response to crimes against the person was the state’s prerogative and that interpersonal resolution of such matters challenged imperial authority, the protection of which was not without basis in Islamic law. At the same time, the peculiar design of Northern Nigerian indirect rule meant that statutory, and therefore, unequivocal elimination of diya, remained elusive—at least until the eve of independence. This article traces the contours of the debate over the fate of diya as a lens through which one may apprehend the impact of colonial indirect rule on Islamic law, particularly criminal law, in Northern Nigeria. The demise of diya illuminates colonial indirect rule for what it was: a “constitutional trick” that paid lip service to Islamic law and institutions while radically transforming their essence and, eventually, eliminating them. Ultimately, however, that the means through which the demise of diya was brought about—the reconfiguration of the precolonial constitutional balance between political and juristic authorities—is, at least, as significant as the demise of diya itself. Indeed, that constitutional transformation has endured, surviving colonialism and finding expression in nascent attempts to reinstate Islamic law in the postcolonial state.
Effect of Preoperative Anterolateral Ligament Injury on Outcomes After Isolated Acute ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Graft: A Prospective Study With Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Sobrado Marcel Faraco , Moreira da Silva Andre Giardino , Helito Paulo Victor Partezani , Helito Camilo Partezani 
Published: August 2024

Background: The potential influence of a preoperative anterolateral ligament (ALL) lesion seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the mid- and long-term surgical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still controversial. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and failure rate of isolated ACL reconstruction at a minimum 5-year follow-up in patients with and without ALL injury diagnosed preoperatively using MRI. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients with acute ACL injury was divided into 2 groups based on the presence (ALL injury group) or absence (control group) of ALL injury on preoperative MRI. This is a longer-term follow-up study of a previously published study that had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Both groups underwent anatomic isolated reconstruction of the ACL. The Lysholm and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee scores, KT-1000 arthrometer and pivot-shift tests, reconstruction failure rate, incidence of contralateral ACL injury, presence of associated meniscal injury, and presence of knee hyperextension were evaluated. The evaluation at the 5-year follow-up was also compared with the same patient’s evaluation at 2 years of follow-up. Results: A total of 156 patients were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the groups in the preoperative evaluation. In the postoperative evaluation, patients in the ALL injury group had a higher reconstruction failure rate (14.3% vs 4.6% for the control group; P = .049) and worse clinical outcomes according to the Lysholm scores (85.0 ± 10.3 vs 92.3 ± 6.6; P < .00001). Although the pivot-shift test results were similar, anteroposterior translation using the KT-1000 arthrometer revealed worse results for the ALL injury group (2.8 ± 1.4 mm vs 1.9 ± 1.3 mm; P = .00018). Patients in the ALL injury group also had an increase in KT-1000 arthrometer values from 2 to 5 years (2.4 ± 1.6 vs 2.8 ± 1.4; P = .038). Patients in the control group had no differences in outcomes from 2 to 5 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Combined ACL and ALL injuries were associated with significantly less favorable outcomes than were isolated ACL injuries at a minimum follow-up of 5 years after isolated ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft. Patients with concomitant ALL injury showed a higher failure rate and worse functional scores. Also, knee stability tended to slightly worsen from 2 to 5 years in cases of associated ALL injury.
Psychotherapy Engagement Before and After a Rapid Transition to Telehealth During COVID-19 for Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Rossom Rebecca , Knowlton Greg , Yeh Hsueh-Han , Penfold Robert , Owen-Smith Ashli , Hooker Stephanie , Simon Gregory , Miller-Matero Lisa , Akinyemi Esther , Ahmedani Brian 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To understand the impact of the transition to telehealth during COVID-19 on psychotherapy visits for patients with dementia. Method: Retrospective study of older adults with dementia who had at least one psychotherapy visit in the 9 months before and after the onset of COVID-19 at 3 U.S. health systems. Care disruptions were gaps of 45+ days. Descriptive statistics and logistic mixed-effects models examined factors associated with care disruption. Results: 4953 patients with dementia made 19,902 psychotherapy visits. Gaps in psychotherapy were less frequent during COVID-19 (29.4%) than before (48.9%), with the odds of a patient experiencing a care disruption during COVID-19 0.54 times the odds prior to COVID-19 (95% CI: 0.50–0.59). Almost all patient subgroups had lower adjusted odds of care disruption during COVID-19. Discussion: There were fewer disruptions in psychotherapy care following the rapid shift to virtual care. Telehealth may be a viable option for patients with dementia.
Anifrolumab for systemic lupus erythematosus with multi-refractory skin disease: A case series of 18 patients
Authors: Flouda Sofia , Emmanouilidou Evgenia , Karamanakos Anastasios , Koumaki Dimitra , Katsifis-Nezis Dimitrios , Repa Argyro , Bertsias George , Boumpas Dimitrios , Fanouriakis Antonis 
Published: August 2024

Objective Skin involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but may be resistant to conventional treatment. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of anifrolumab (ANI) in refractory cutaneous manifestations of SLE. Methods Case series of patients with refractory cutaneous SLE from three Rheumatology Departments in Greece. Outcome measures were improvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), physician global assessment (PGA) and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI). Clinically relevant improvement in skin was defined as decrease ≥50% (CLASI50) from baseline values. Results Eighteen patients received ANI; all had active skin involvement at baseline. Mean (SD) SLEDAI and PGA at ANI initiation were 7.4 (2.7) and 1.4 (0.5), respectively, with a mean prednisone dose 4.9 (4.5) mg/day. Mean CLASI (Activity/Damage) at baseline was 13.9 (9.7)/2.9 (4.6). Patients were refractory to a mean 6.3 (1.5) immunomodulatory agents (including hydroxychloroquine and glucocorticoids) before the initiation of ANI. After a mean 8.5 (4.6) months, 89% ( n = 16/18) of patients demonstrated significant improvement in general lupus and cutaneous disease activity, and glucocorticoid tapering. Mean SLEDAI and mean CLASI at last visit were 3.4 (1.9) and 2.1 (2.4)/1.4 (2.2), respectively, and mean daily prednisone dose decreased to 2.4 (2.2). Of note, in this group of highly refractory patients CLASI50 was achieved in 16/18 (89%) patients. One patient discontinued ANI after 4 infusions due to a varicella-zoster virus infection and one patient, who initially responded to treatment with ANI, experienced a skin flare due to temporary discontinuation due to Covid 19 infection. DORIS remission and LLDAS were attained in two (11.1%) and eleven (61.1%) patients, respectively. Conclusion Anifrolumab is highly effective in various skin manifestations of SLE, even after prior failure to multiple treatments.
Management of Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism and Workplace Incivility by Servant Leaders: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of How They Maintain Trust and Performance
Authors: Mishra Adya , Mahapatra Mamata , Sharma C. S. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Past studies show that Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism, and Workplace Incivility can lead to adverse behavioral outcomes. For a munificent work climate and performance, managing these behaviors is essential. Which may hypothetically be difficult for leaders with positive behavioral orientation. Servant Leaders possess positive qualities like forgiveness, compassion, morality, and emotional healing. The study attempts to examine whether they are overwhelmed by or are able to manage the impact of behaviors like Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism and Workplace Incivility which are known to hamper trust and performance. Method: The study employs moderated mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) to model the moderating role of servant leadership over the relationship between Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism, and Organizational Incivility (independent variables) and performance (dependent variable) as mediated by trust climate. Findings: Results show that Servant Leadership plays a moderating role such that it significantly diminishes the negative effect of Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Incivility on Trust climate and (through that) on performance. Trust climate fully mediates the negative relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Practical Implications: Present study suggests that the positive qualities of servant leaders are not overwhelmed by Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism, and Workplace Incivility. Instead, they are successfully able to maintain environment of trust leading to positive performance. Originality/Value: Since the impact of Servant Leadership style in presence of negative behaviors has not been examined yet; present study fills this gap and shows that qualities of servant leaders reduce the impact of negative behaviors like Machiavellianism, Organizational Cynicism and Workplace Incivility.
Phonemic processing is below expectations and linked to word-finding difficulty in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dvorak Emily , Levy Sarah , Anderson Jordyn R , Sumowski James F 
Published: August 2024

Background: Word-finding difficulty is prevalent but poorly understood in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Objective: The objective was to investigate our hypothesis that phonological processing ability is below expectations and related to word-finding difficulty in patients with RRMS. Method: Data were analyzed from patients with RRMS ( n = 50) on patient-reported word-finding difficulty (PR-WFD) and objective performance on Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WIAT-4) Phonemic Proficiency (PP; analysis of phonemes within words), Word Reading (WR; proxy of premorbid literacy and verbal ability), and Sentence Repetition (SR; auditory processing of word-level information). Results: Performance (mean (95% confidence interval)) was reliably lower than normative expectations for PP (−0.41 (−0.69, −0.13)) but not for WR (0.02 (−0.21, 0.25)) or SR (0.08 (−0.15, 0.31). Within-subjects performance was worse on PP than on both WR ( t(49) = 4.00, p < 0.001, d = 0.47) and SR ( t(49) =3.76, p < 0.001, d = 0.54). Worse PR-WFD was specifically related to lower PP ( F2,47 = 6.24, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.21); worse PP performance at PR-WFD Often ( n = 13; −1.16 (−1.49, −0.83)) than Sometimes ( n = 17; −0.14 (−0.68, 0.41)) or Rarely ( n = 20; −0.16 (−0.58, 0.27). PR-WFD was unrelated to WR or SR ( ps > 0.25). Conclusion: Phonological processing was below expectations and specifically linked to word-finding difficulty in RRMS. Findings are consistent with early disease-related cortical changes within the posterior superior temporal/supramarginal region. Results inform our developing model of multiple sclerosis-related word-finding difficulty.
Training Load Monitoring in Elite Youth Women’s Artistic Gymnasts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Freitas Elisângela Gamarano de , Debien Paula Barreiros , Silva Cristiano Diniz da , Carrara Paulo Daniel Sabino , Bara Filho Maurício Gattás 
Published: August 2024

Background: Women’s artistic gymnastics (WAG) is a complex aesthetic sport in which athletes start at a young age and are exposed to high loads during their careers. Little is known about the external and internal training load characteristics among elite young gymnasts. Hypothesis: High training loads, with variations over the weeks, are expected. There is a relationship between external and internal load variables. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Seven elite-level Brazilian youth artistic gymnasts (age, 11.3 ± 0.4 years; mass, 33.0 ± 7.0 kg; height, 137.7 ± 10.6 cm; experience, 4.0 ± 1.2 years) participated in this study. Five nonconsecutive microcycles were monitored. Both external and internal training loads were quantified by counting the number of elements in video recordings of training sessions and by the session rating of perceived exertion method. Results: A total of 168 individual training sessions were monitored. The microcycle that succeeded the main competition showed a significantly lower training load than ≥3 of the other 4 microcycles for all training load variables, except for vault elements, of which microcycle 4 was inferior only to the microcycle before the competition. Significant correlations were found between weekly internal training load and the total of elements and elements performed on uneven bars. Conclusion: Youth women’s artistic gymnasts present fluctuations in external and internal training load variables over the weeks close to a major competition. Training load management in this sport must consider the specificity of each apparatus, as they have different demands and training load behaviors. Clinical Relevance: A better comprehension of external and internal training loads in youth WAG and its apparatuses can benefit coaches and support staff and provide more information to overcome the challenge of training load management in gymnastics.
Switching Frequency Improvement of a High Speed on/off Valve Based on Pre-excitation Control Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Qi , Li Xiaotian , Mao Yongxin , Xu Enguang , Jia Tiwei , Li Yanbiao , Yang Huayong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe high-speed on/off valve (HSV) serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems. As the switching frequency of the HSV increases, the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids. Therefore, a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems. However, the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance, but neglect its FRC. This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time. The maximum switching frequency (MSF) is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio (SDR), whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR. Building upon these findings, the pre-excitation control algorithm (PECA) is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV, and consequently enhance its FRC. Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms, the closing delay time by 2.54 ms, and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms. As a result, a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20% to 70% were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz. Thus, the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.
Caregiver burden, mental health, quality of life and self-efficacy of family caregivers of persons with dementia in Malaysia: baseline results of a psychoeducational intervention study
Authors: Nasreen Hashima E. , Tyrrell Marie , Vikström Sofia , Craftman Åsa , Syed Ahmad Syarifah Amirah Binti , Zin Nora Mat , Aziz Karimah Hanim Abd , Mohd Tohit Noorlaili Binti , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Kabir Zarina Nahar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The majority of persons with dementia (PWD) are mainly cared for by their family members in the home. Evidence is however scarce on family caregivers’ psychosocial burden and quality of life in Asian countries including Malaysia. This study describes the baseline data of a telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention study and examines the determinants of outcome measures (caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy) among Malaysian family caregivers to PWD.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study originated from the baseline survey of a randomized control trial of 121 family caregivers recruited from lists of PWD who were registered at memory and psychiatry clinics in three tertiary care hospitals in Malaysia. The participants were assessed for caregiver burden by the Zarit Burden Interview, depressive and anxiety symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure Scale, and caregiving self-efficacy by the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy.

Results
Prevalence of caregiver burden was 69.4%, depressive symptoms 32.2% and anxiety symptoms 32.2%. Family caregivers to PWD having perceived peer support e.g., social/family/friend/significant other supports were less likely to report caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and more likely to report higher levels of quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Being married and PWD’s ability to self-care were associated with lesser likelihood of experiencing caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms. The other determinants of greater probability of reporting better quality of life were caregivers’ employment and having Islamic faith. Marital status (married), PWD’s ability to self-care, spousal relationship with PWD and shared caregiving process were associated with higher likelihood of reporting caregiving self-efficacy.

Conclusion
Caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in family caregivers to PWD in Malaysia. Social support and caregiving related factors influence family caregivers’ quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Implementing psychoeducational intervention and support in the psychiatry and memory clinics may help improve the psychosocial burden, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy in family caregivers of PWD.

Trial registration
ISRCTN14565552 (retrospectively registered).
Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and myocardial infarction in U.S. adults
Authors: Farfán Bajaña María José , Zevallos Juan Carlos , Chérrez-Ojeda Ivan , Alvarado Geovanny , Green Tiffany , Kirimi Betty , Jaramillo Daniel , Felix Miguel , Vanegas Emanuel , Farfan Alejandra , Cadena-Vargas Manuel , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Faytong-Haro Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Compared with conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are less harmful in some studies. However, recent research may indicate the opposite. This study aimed to determine whether e-cigarette use is related to myocardial health in adults in the U.S.

Methods
This study used data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional survey of adult US residents aged 18 years or older. We examined whether e-cigarette use was related to myocardial infarction byapplying a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
The final analytical sample included 198,530 adults in the U.S. Logistic regression indicated that U.S. adults who reported being former and some days of e-cigarette use had 23% and 52% greater odds of ever having an MI, respectively, than did those who reported never using e-cigarettes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08–1.40, p = 0.001; OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.10–2.09, p = 0.010).

Conclusions
The results suggest that former and someday users of e-cigarettes probably have increased odds of myocardial infarction in adults in the U.S. Further research is needed, including long-term follow-up studies on e-cigarettes, since it is still unknown whether they should be discouraged.