bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saxagliptin for Disorders of Consciousness: AI, Retrospective Observations, and Preclinical Data
Authors: Toker Daniel , Chiang Jeffrey , Vespa Paul , Schnakers Caroline , Monti Martin M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Despite advancements in the neuroscience of consciousness, no new effective medications for disorders of consciousness (DOC), such as coma or vegetative state, have been discovered in over a decade. Repurposing existing FDA-approved drugs for DOC is crucial for improving clinical management and patient outcomes. To identify potential new treatments among existing FDA-approved drugs, we used a deep learning-based drug screening model to predict the efficacy of drugs as awakening agents based on their three-dimensional molecular structure. A retrospective cohort study from April 2012 to April 2024 tested the model’s predictions, focusing on changes in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in 3,879 coma patients. Our deep learning drug screens identified saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as a promising awakening drug for both acute and prolonged DOC. The retrospective clinical analysis showed that saxagliptin was associated with the highest recovery rate from acute coma among diabetes medications. Incretin-based therapies, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, were linked to higher coma recovery rates compared to non-incretin-based diabetes medications, after matching patients by age, gender, initial GCS score, coma etiology, and glycemic status (95% confidence interval of 0.63–12.02%, p = 0.0013). Preclinical studies identified several pathways through which saxagliptin may aid awakening from DOC: restoring neurotransmission, reducing brain inflammation and oxidative damage, clearing hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-beta, normalizing thalamocortical glucose metabolism, increasing neural plasticity, and mitigating excitotoxic brain damage. Our findings suggest saxagliptin as a potential novel therapeutic agent for DOC. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in DOC.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Regulatory Frameworks, Sources, Occurrence, Fate, and Exposure: Trend, Concern, and Implication
Authors: Alam Md Shahin , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are artificial chemicals in diverse consumer and industrial goods. They are known for their enduring presence in the environment and the potential risks they pose to human health. This meta-analysis scrutinizes the sources, occurrence, fate, exposure pathways, and regulatory frameworks of PFAS globally, spanning 2021 to 2024. Through a comprehensive review of literature and regulatory documents, this study integrates the evolving trends and prevailing concerns and identifies research gaps. The analysis also reveals a need for a more regulatory landscape characterized by diverse approaches across different regions, with variations in standards, monitoring protocols, and remediation strategies. Despite concerted efforts to mitigate PFAS contamination, significant challenges persist, including regulatory inconsistencies, limited data availability, and emerging PFAS variants not covered by existing regulations. Sources of PFAS contamination encompass a broad spectrum of industrial activities, consumer products, and legacy pollution, with emerging evidence highlighting the role of atmospheric transport in global dispersion. Moreover, PFAS persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulative nature portray the urgency of understanding fate and transport mechanisms across various environmental compartments. Exposure pathways to PFAS exhibit multifaceted routes with humans, animals, invertebrates, and biota. Furthermore, disparities in exposure patterns are evident across different geographic regions and demographic groups, accentuating the need for targeted interventions and risk mitigation strategies. This meta-analysis identifies critical research needs, including enhanced surveillance programs, standardized methodologies, and interdisciplinary approaches to address PFAS contamination’s complexities comprehensively. This study provides a holistic overview of PFAS regulatory frameworks, sources, occurrence, fate, and exposure around the globe, highlighting evolving trends, persistent concerns, and crucial knowledge gaps. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying research priorities, this study aims to inform policy development, regulatory enforcement, and scientific endeavors to address the challenges posed by PFAS contamination effectively.
cytotoxic effects of zinc nanoparticles synthesized with the hydroalcoholic extract of lavender plant (Lavandula Stoechas) on human breast cancer (MCF7) and human colon cancer (HT29) cell lines
Authors: Mehdipour Aida , Reza Mahdieh Ameri Shah , Baravati Mohammad Hossein Jafari , Rasouli Alireza , Jafari Gholam Ali , Heidari Fatemeh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Green synthesis is the production of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) with biological agents, including plant extracts, without special physical and chemical solutions and conditions. Due to their unique properties, MNPs are used in various sciences and industries. The study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) synthesized by the hydroalcoholic extract of lavender plant against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) and human colon cancer cell lines (HT29) with the approach of identifying the ability of these NPs to produce anticancer drugs.
Method and Materials:
ZnNPs are synthesized using the hydroalcoholic extract of the lavender plant. Evaluate and characterize nanoparticles (NPs) by Tyndall effect, UV-Vis, DLS, FT-IR, Zeta-P, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, and XRD methods. The cytotoxic effects of produced NPs against cancer cell lines MCF7 and HT29 and the healthy cells MCF10a and HGF were measured using the MTT method.
Results:
According to the findings of DLS analysis, the average size of ZnNPs is 40 and 50, respectively, at a concentration of 3 mM. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on MCF7 and HT29 cell lines produces the highest effect after 48 hours.
Conclusion:
The lavender plant is a suitable option for the green synthesis of ZnNPs and can be used as a stable source for production MNPs. Also, the synthesized ZnNPs showed cytotoxic effects against the examined cancer cells, while they did not cause toxicity to healthy human cells.
Bilateral diffuse alveolar damage contributes to the fatal toxicity of pre-existing interstitial lung disease mice after partial thoracic irradiation
Authors: Fu Jiamei , Liu Xinglong , Zhou Yuchuan , Zhao Shengnan , Zeng Liang , Pan Yan , Zhang Jianghong , Prise Kevin M , Shao Chunlin , Xu Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer patients with comorbid interstitial lung disease (LC-ILD) have an increased risk of developing severe or even fatal radiation pneumonitis after thoracic radiotherapy. However, the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still inconclusive. No approved biomarker or medicine is available to prevent pulmonary toxicities in LC-ILD patients. Appropriate management for them remains a challenge for clinicians due to treatment-related complications.
Methods
To elucidate the histopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms responsible for this severe toxicity in vivo, C57BL/6J mice were used to develop different lung injury models, including radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BIPF), and severe radiation-related lung injury (sRRLI) murine model. Biopsy examination was performed on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry-stained lung tissue sections. Changes in lung function were measured. RNA extracted from mouse lung tissues was sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq platform.
Results
A severe lung injury model after irradiation was built based on pre-existing ILD mice induced by BLM administration. Enhanced lung injury was observed in the sRRLI model, including higher mortality and pulmonary function loss within six months compared to the mono-treatment groups. Autopsy revealed that bilateral diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with an overlap of exudative, proliferative, and fibrosing patterns was usually presented in the sRRLI model. The histological phenotypes manifested exudative DAD phase in the early phase and proliferating DAD pattern predominated in the late phase. Bioinformatic analysis showed signaling pathways relevant to immune cell migration, epithelial cell development, and extracellular structure organization were commonly activated in the different models. Furthermore, the involvement of epithelial cells and the infiltration of macrophages and CD4 + lymphocytes were validated during extensive lung remodeling in the sRRLI group. They also participated in triggering remarkable abscopal responses in the non-IR contralateral lungs.
Conclusions
The study provides a preclinical model to better understand radiation-related severe lung injury in pre-existing ILD mice. DAD with progressive inflammation and fibrosis in bilateral lungs contributed to severe or even fatal complications after partial thoracic irradiation. More studies are needed to investigate potential strategies to prevent and rescue severe pulmonary complications.
Synovial Sarcoma with Extensive Rhabdoid Differentiation: A Rare Aggressive and Deceptive
Authors: Pasricha Sunil , Bansal Divya , Rohela Himanshu , Oberoi Rakesh , Sharma Anila , Gupta Gurudutt , Rastogi Sameer , Durga Garima , Kamboj Meenakshi , Talwar Vineet , Gupta Manoj , Sachdeva Isha , Mehta Anurag 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:Synovial sarcoma usually presents with spindle cell morphology with or without epithelial differentiation. Extensive rhabdoid differentiation is a very rare feature with only few cases has been described in literature.
Case Presentation: We present two cases of synovial sarcoma with rhabdoid differentiation along with their clinical follow-up. Both cases had tumor in the vicinity of joints and showed lung metastasis during follow-up inspite of R0 resection. We emphasised that extensive rhabdoid differentiation can be deceptive and challenging for diagnosis in small biopsies and also show an aggressive clinical course with dismal prognosis.
Conclusion:Awareness of this rarely described unusual and aggressive histomorphological subtype is prudent due to its distinct diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Eliminating false positive results to effectively analyze anomaly changes in violent videos
Authors: Kutlugün Esra , Çetin Ömer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Due to the increasing incidents of crime and violence, it is important to develop technology to automatically detect the presence of violence in security camera images. Although law enforcement agencies have sufficient images, they do not have the human resources to analyze them and detect violence in a timely manner. Having an unmanned system that can analyze violent incidents can play an important role in ensuring security by analyzing violent incidents for law enforcement agencies. In these video footage, there are examples of false recognitions that are labeled as normal in some frames while the abnormal event continues. Better trained models and different methods have been proposed to overcome these common difficulties in crowd analysis. In this study, we aim to identify the start and end frames of the event with minimum error in indoor or outdoor violent camera images. For this purpose, firstly, a model is created to enrich the sequential video frames containing violence by using mixup data augmentation method for limited training datasets, so that the system can learn more features and thus increase the training performance. Secondly, with another proposed method, more effective video analysis is realized by filtering the frames containing false positives in the outputs obtained from a deep learning based system. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a remarkable success rate of approximately 99.3%. In this way, false positives are significantly reduced, and the start, end and action times of violent events that continue for more than one second in consecutive frames can be accurately detected.
Aromatic difluoroboron β-ketoiminate complexes: effect of substituents on mechanofluorochromism and polymorphic behavior
Authors: Khrebtov Aleksandr , Tretyakova Galina , Fedorenko Elena , Mirochnik Anatolii 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aromatic difluoroboron β-ketoiminate complexes (ketimBF2) are structural nitrogen-containing analogues of aromatic difluoroboron β-diketonates (diketBF2). Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and polymorphic behavior allow ketimBF2 to exhibit mechanofluorochromic (MFC) properties. A detailed comparative study of the luminescence of a wide range of ketimBF2 with H- and CH3-substituents of nitrogen atom and diketBF2 with various substituents of the chelate ring (methyl, phenyl, toluoyl, anisoyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl) in the solid state was carried out. As a result, regularities of the influence of substituents on the luminescent and MFC properties for 21 dyes have been established.
Insight into the role of meso-Y zeolites in CsPMo/meso-Y composites on the selective oxidation of sulfides enhancement
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Sun Chang , Han Yutong , Wei Yingzhen , Zhang Zhong , Li Xiaohui , Liu Guocheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Polyoxometalates (POMs), renowned for their excellent catalytic activity, are widely used in oxidation reactions. Rational regulation of metal ion valence state of POMs is of great significance for the design and construction of highly active catalyst. In this work, we utilized mesoporous Y zeolite (meso-Y) as a host to load and disperse cesium phosphomolybdate (CsPMo) for selective oxidation of thioethers. The as-prepared CsPMo/meso-Y featured superior catalytic activity and recyclability. The electronic structures of the CsPMo/meso-Y were investigated by XPS and NMR spectra. The results indicated that embedding CsPMo into meso-Y caused electron transfer between CsPMo and meso-Y. Meanwhile, meso-Y could provide H+ due to its abundant Bronsted acid sites. The simultaneous appearance of electron and H+ facilitated the formation of MoV, resulting in a higher oxidation of thioethers activity for the CsPMo/meso-Y. Radical scavenger experiments and Raman analysis indicated that peroxo-metal species derived from CsPMo and oxidizing agent tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) were the real catalyst. MoV is more conducive to the formation of peroxo-metal species, causing the higher activity. This study provides a new insight into the role of meso-Y in CsPMo/meso-Y and a novel clue to regulate the valence states of metal ions of POMs to enhance catalytic performance of the polyoxometalate based catalysts.
Magnetic and Thermodynamic Properties of the Cylindrical DMS Quantum Dot
Authors: Babanlı A. , Balcı M. , Sabyrov V. , Saparguliyev R. , Shamuhammedov Sh. , Kakalyyev A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this work, the magnetic and thermodynamic properties of dilute magnetic semiconductor quantum dots of cylindrical geometry were investigated. The eigenvalue of the quantum system we are considering was obtained by solving the one-electron Schrödinger equation within the framework of the effective mass approach. Then, taking into account the energy spectrum, expressions for thermodynamic quantities and magnetic susceptibility were obtained. The behavior of these expressions depending on temperature was studied using the parameters , , \({R_0}\) and \({L_0}\). Based on the results obtained, it was established that the average energy, free energy, heat capacity, entropy and magnetic susceptibility at low temperatures depend on the parameter . Although the average energy and free energy exhibit linear behavior at \(x=0\), this behavior becomes a rapidly increasing nonlinear function when \(x \ne 0\). In addition, when \(x \ne 0\), magnetic susceptibility reaches a maximum at low temperatures. The peak height increases with and disappears when \(x=0\). The peak of magnetic susceptibility decreases as the magnetic field increases when \(x \ne 0\) and shifts toward higher temperatures. The specific heat forms a Schottky peak at low temperatures and asymptotically approaches \({C_v}=3{k_B}\) at high temperatures.
Conditional grants a way to bridge the inequality gap: A Spatial Analysis in Mexico
Authors: Coutiño-Vázquez Brenda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Conditional government grants to Mexican states as well as municipalities, known as aportaciones, is a way of decentralizing resources and is one of those mechanisms for leveling inequalities. In Mexico, contributions follow a compensatory principle by allocating more resources to entities with the greatest social lags. It is observed that the application of these funds follows an inertial distribution, resulting in spatial heterogeneities that clearly do not provide equal opportunities for accessing social rights for the population. However, this research indicates that contributions, like taxes, have effects on reducing inequality without the presence of spillover effects, insofar as the residuals of the spatial models incorporate unobserved variables such as political variables and the different spending priorities of each federative entity.
Geographical access to health care facility among residents of Kalutara District in 2019- A cross sectional study
Authors: Soysa H. N.D , de Silva Padmal , Gunawardana M. D.U.B , Gunawardana D. S.K.D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Achieving universal health equity remains a global challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for universal health coverage (UHC) to ensure accessible, quality healthcare for all, regardless of financial status. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has been instrumental in assessing healthcare accessibility, revealing gaps and informing policy decisions. This study investigates the geospatial distribution of Western healthcare facilities in Kalutara district, Sri Lanka, evaluating their accessibility.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to October 2019. The study geospatially mapped all healthcare institutions practicing Western medicine within Kalutara district and a 5km buffer zone beyond its boundaries. Data were collected using Epicollect5, a mobile application, ensuring accuracy within 10-15 meters. Variables included geospatial information and service availability. Data analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.3, assessing coverage within buffer zones of 2km to 4km radii around each healthcare institution.
Results
General practitioners (GPs) covered 87.8% and 98.1% of the population within areas of 2km and 4km radii. All government institutions covered 21.8% and 67.6% of 2km and 4km radial buffer areas, while the coverage of private hospitals amounted to 3% and 8.8% respectively (i.e. within 2 km and 4km). It improved up to 64.1% and 90.0% by the inclusion of general practices. Majority of government hospitals and all private hospitals had inward care and 24x7 care. Blood banks were available only in 83.3% of specialized government hospitals. Of general practices, 10.6% had 24x7 care and 37.5% of private hospitals had ICU facilities. The study highlighted the significant role of general practitioners (GPs) in providing accessible healthcare, especially after routine working hours.
Conclusions:
GP settings contributed mainly in ensuring geographical access to healthcare. Hence, GP services need to be considered in all attempts of improving healthcare service delivery.
A hydrological-energy balance model to assess land surface temperature at the urban scale. The case study of Milano, Italy.
Authors: Morgese Sonia , Zhang Wenchuang , Casale Francesca , Bocchiola Daniele 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We develop, and test an energy/water balance model, Poli-HE, to compute surface energy, and mass fluxes between soil surfaces, and shallow atmospheric layers. The case study is the city of Milano, Italy, where we assess Urban Heat Island (UHI). We calculate land surface temperature (LST) under given climate conditions, including different UHI in paved, and green areas.
Spatially distributed LST is assessed, and pixel displaying mixed paved/green areas are dealt with using Vegetation Fraction FV from satellite images. Joint energy and water balance share soil water content, and latent heat flux, as a function of LST. Nine meteorological stations distributed in Milano were used to gather model’s input of global radiation, air temperature, precipitation, wind velocity, and air humidity, during January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2022. Satellite images provided Land Surface Temperature for model tuning. Poli-HE well mimics spatial distribution of urban LST. During summer, when LST is higher, paved, and green surfaces differ by about + 3.7 °C, reaching up to +4.5°C at times. We offer a quantitative approach for urban authorities and professionals, usable for current and future planning, and projects within the context of national, and international adaptation and mitigation measures.
A “growing noble profession”, a “magician”, or an “emotional trash can”: an interview study of Bhutanese school counselors’ perceived challenges and resources
Authors: Larran Julie , Hein Sascha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

School counselors are responsible for the well-being of students’ increasingly complex issues. However, little is known about school counseling services in the Kingdom of Bhutan. This study carried out 28 qualitative semi-structured interviews with school counselors, 19 online and 9 in-person, to investigate school counselors’ perceived challenges and resources. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach to inquiry and thematic analysis of interviews proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). The identified challenges and resources were grouped for further analysis according to Martin et al. (2015) model of 11 factors affecting school counseling. The most often mentioned challenges were insufficient resources to cope with rising mental health needs (28; 100%) and cultural barriers to implementation of school counseling (26; 92.9%) such as stigma and role of corporal punishment. The most often mentioned resources were the importance of material resources such as having a separate counseling room within the school (n = 16; 57.1%) and the importance of support from external professionals such as clinical counselors (n = 11; 39.3%). In sum, the results revealed the needs for (1) more resources to cope with the various mental health needs of students across regions, (2) more awareness in the general population about school counseling, including overcoming stigma towards mental health, (3) to systemize stakeholder collaboration such that it make school counselor roles more clear, and (4) for more time for this profession to establish itself in the Kingdom.