bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Photovoice to Explore Nigerian Immigrants’ Eating and Physical Activity in the United States
Authors: Turk Melanie T. , Fapohunda Abimbola , Zoucha Rick 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeAfrican immigrants are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups to the United States; there is a crucial need to learn about African immigrants’ beliefs and lifestyle behaviors that may impact health. The purposes of this study were to (a) explore the perceptions and practices of Nigerian immigrants regarding healthy eating and physical activity in the United States; (b) assess the influence of cultural beliefs of Nigerian immigrants on eating and physical activity; (c) describe the role that healthcare providers can play in helping to promote healthy eating and physical activity; and (d) evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using Photovoice to collect data on the perceptions and practices of Nigerian immigrants regarding healthy eating and physical activity.DesignQualitative visual ethnography using Photovoice.MethodsThirteen Nigerian immigrants were recruited. Data were collected using photography and focus group discussions at a church. Photovoice methodology and Leininger's four phases of qualitative analysis were used to analyze photographs, field notes, and focus group transcripts.FindingsFour overarching themes emerged from the data: moderation is healthy, Nigerian ways of living are healthy, acquiring American ways is unhealthy, and cultural context is important to promote healthy behaviors.ConclusionsPhotovoice was a feasible, effective methodology for collecting data on the perceptions and practices of Nigerian immigrants. Nigerian participants believed that adherence to traditional dietary and activity practices are healthy. Nurses and other healthcare providers must make concerted efforts to communicate with and educate Nigerian immigrants about healthful eating and activity behaviors within their cultural context.Clinical RelevanceThe number of African immigrants to the United States has increased dramatically. Photovoice is a creative method to learn about the health beliefs and behaviors of the Nigerian immigrant population.
The Value of Control and the Costs of Illiquidity
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE RUI , SCHROTH ENRIQUE 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe develop a search model of block trades that values the illiquidity of controlling stakes. The model considers several dimensions of illiquidity. First, following a liquidity shock, the controlling blockholder is forced to sell, possibly to a less efficient acquirer. Second, this sale may occur at a fire sale price. Third, absent a liquidity shock, a trade occurs only if a potential buyer arrives. Using a structural estimation approach and U.S. data on trades of controlling blocks of public corporations, we estimate the value of control, blockholders' marketability discount, and dispersed shareholders' illiquidity‐spillover discount.
Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, producing testosterone
Authors: Mizoguchi Mika , Minami Sawako , Yamamoto Madoka , Tanizaki Yuko , Kobayashi Aya , Ino Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSteroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, is a rare type of ovarian sex cord‐stromal tumor with malignant potential. Some of these tumors produce testosterone. We describe a case of steroid cell tumor of the ovary associated with virilization. A 23‐year‐old nulliparous woman was found to have an ovarian tumor when she visited her primary doctor for virilization and oligomenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid left ovarian tumor 40 mm in size. Her laboratory data revealed elevated testosterone with normal levels of gonadotropins, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol. She underwent left adnexectomy. On histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses, the tumor was diagnosed as steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, without malignant behavior. After removal of the tumor, serum testosterone level decreased, and there have been no signs of recurrence.
Self‐Concept Structure and the Quality of Self‐Knowledge
Authors: Showers Carolin J. , Ditzfeld Christopher P. , Zeigler‐Hill Virgil 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article explores the hidden vulnerability of individuals with compartmentalized self‐concept structures by linking research on self‐organization to related models of self‐functioning. Across three studies, college students completed self‐descriptive card sorts as a measure of self‐concept structure and either the Contingencies of Self‐Worth Scale, Likert ratings of perceived authenticity of self‐aspects, or a response latency measure of self‐esteem accessibility. In all, there were 382 participants (247 females; 77% White, 6% Hispanic, 5% Black, 5% Asian, 4% Native American, and 3% other). Consistent with their unstable self‐evaluations, compartmentalized individuals report greater contingencies of self‐worth and describe their experience of multiple self‐aspects as less authentic than do individuals with integrative self‐organization. Compartmentalized individuals also make global self‐evaluations more slowly than do integrative individuals. Together with previous findings on self‐clarity, these results suggest that compartmentalized individuals may experience difficulties in how they know the self, whereas individuals with integrative self‐organization may display greater continuity and evaluative consistency across self‐aspects, with easier access to evaluative self‐knowledge.
Taiwan's National Policies for Children in Special Education: Comparison with UNCRPD, Core Concepts, and the American IDEA
Authors: Chiu Chun‐Yu , Turnbull H. Rutherford 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe goals for special education policy in Taiwan are to enable students with disabilities to develop their capacities to the fullest, have equal opportunity to access an effective education, live independently, fully participate in their communities, and become economically as self‐sufficient as possible, thereby contributing to their communities in various ways. The authors compare these policies to three conceptual models, one international and two national, and ask: (1) to what extent do these policies have congruence with the recently promulgated United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) (a document that declares rights in an arguably culturally neutral way)? (2) to what extent are they congruent with the core concepts of U.S. disability policy? and (3) to what extent do these goals, adopted by a democratic government that is significantly different in culture from the United States, reflect U.S. policy as set out in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)? The authors also ask: To what extent might Taiwan policy be improved as a consequence of a comparison of it with U.S. and United Nations policy? In reflection, the authors conclude that in general, Taiwan's national special education policy coheres with IDEA, the core concepts, and UNCRPD. The differences between Taiwan's policy and those of IDEA and the core concepts occur mainly because of Taiwan's traditional values and beliefs toward disability. The authors propose more sophisticated elaborations of Taiwan's policies related to family participation, rights of privacy, and appropriate evaluation procedures.
Age, Quality, and Context of First Sex: Associations With Sexual Difficulties
Authors: Rapsey Charlene M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Research consistently indicates an association between a younger age at first sex and poorer sexual health outcomes. However, research addressing associations between age at first sex and sexual difficulties has produced mixed findings. Moreover, little is known about links between the context and quality of first sex and subsequent sexual difficulties.

Aims
The aims of this study are to examine whether (i) age and (ii) context and quality at first sex are associated with sexual difficulties; (iii) examine whether age at first sex and context and quality variables are independently associated (after mutual adjustment) with sexual difficulties; and (iv) examine whether age at first sex has an indirect effect on sexual difficulties through an effect on context or quality.

Methods
Data from 388 questionnaires were gathered from students aged 17–21 living in accommodation halls and by postal invitation to adults aged 25–35.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was the Golombok–Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), which assesses sexual difficulties via an overall score and seven subscales.

Results
Appraising first sex as emotionally negative was associated with the majority of sexual difficulties. A less stable relationship at first sex was associated with sexual communication problems and dissatisfaction. Greater enjoyment and using substances were associated with a lower likelihood of anorgasmia for women. Age at first sex was directly associated with reduced sexual frequency only. A younger age at first sex was associated with a greater likelihood of negative appraisal and lower likelihood of a stable relationship and thereby indirectly associated with several sexual difficulties.

Conclusions
Experiencing first sex as emotionally negative was consistently associated with later sexual difficulties. When attending to sexual difficulties, understanding the quality and context of first sex may be more useful than knowing the age at first sex. This research is limited by the retrospective nature of the reports of first sex.
Stocking wild adult Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus): An additional fish management tool
Authors: Canfield Daniel E. , Pecora Darren J. , Larson Kurt W. , Stephens Jesse , Hoyer Mark V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStocking of largemouth bass is an important management tool for fish management. The stocking of hatchery‐produced fingerling or advanced‐fingerling bass to supplement bass year‐classes, however, has exhibited varying success. Utilizing a different approach, a multiyear stocking programme using wild adult largemouth bass was initiated at the Harris Chain of Lakes (3800 ha Lake Griffin; 1811 ha Lake Dora) in central Florida. Wild adult bass (24 781 fish), ranging in size from 200 mm total length (TL) to over 600 mm TL, were stocked in Lake Griffin (13 932 fish) and Lake Dora (10 849 fish). One month after stocking, the number of stocked bass caught in electrofishing catches in Lake Griffin and Lake Dora was ~10% and 22%, respectively. Estimates of mortality were similar to the native largemouth bass, although the movement of stocked fish into other connecting water bodies was extensive. For the Lake Griffin/Lake Dora stocking programme, bass were transferred at a cost of $10.09–19.89 per fish, depending on how the costs of the project are calculated ($250 000 for just the capture and transport of the fish vs. $492 775 for the total project). Considering only capture and transport costs, conservative benefit/cost ratio estimates would be $1.77/$1.00 spent for replacement and $1.85/$1.00 spent recreational costs, although the benefit/cost ratios could exceed $10/$1. Based on the present study, stocking wild adult largemouth bass is a cost‐effective tool for managing largemouth bass.
Seasonal variations of phytoplankton species in Lake Victoria and the influence of iron and zinc ions on the dominant species identified during 2006–2007 studies
Authors: Bbosa Naziriwo Betty , Oyoo Wandiga Shem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe current study was conducted for 2 years (2006 and 2007) during January, April and September to investigate seasonal variations in biological parameters and planktonic biodiversity observed at four sampling sites (MRM, M500, SRM and S500) in Lake Victoria. Blue‐green algae (Cyanophyta) dominated the lakeshore waters of Lake Victoria, comprising 54.1% of the total algal content, compared to 24.4% for diatoms and 14.7% for green algae (Chlorophyta). Euglenophytes and dinoflagellates both constitute <10% of the algal biomass. The algal distribution at the Sango Bay sampling sites, however, is different in that it is dominated by diatoms, in contrast to Murchison Bay, which was dominated by blue‐green algae. This study also investigated the influence of iron (Fe2+and Fe3+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions on four strains of microcystis (CYN 464, CYN 465, CYN 478 and CYN 522) isolated from Murchison Bay in Lake Victoria. The suggestion that iron species and zinc ions might limit phytoplankton growth in Lake Victoria was tested by enriching algal culture media with different metal concentrations. Based on measurements of the algal biomass of four species of Lake Victoria, the algal biomass of the four microcystis strains generally decreased with increased zinc and Fe2+ concentrations. The algal biomass of the four strains, however, increased with increased Fe3+ concentrations. This response to different metal concentrations provides evidence that high Zn2+ and Fe2+ ion concentrations limit phytoplankton growth and species distribution. The availability of Fe3+ ions is an important selective force on Lake Victoria phytoplankton communities.
Real‐Time Frequency‐Domain Decomposition for Structural Health Monitoring Using General‐Purpose Graphic Processing Unit
Authors: Torbol Marco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFrequency‐domain decomposition (FDD) is used in civil engineering to identify the modal properties of structures by analyzing the data output of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. However, because FDD is computationally expensive, it prevents CPUs from achieving real‐time performance. A CPU takes seconds to perform FDD of 16 input signals but minutes to perform FDD of hundreds of input signals; and the deployed SHM systems are becoming larger and larger. Instead, a supercomputer can achieve real‐time performance but it cannot be installed near a civil structure because it is bulky, expensive, and requires constant maintenance. In this study, FDD is performed using general‐purpose graphic processor unit (GPGPU). A GPU is capable of massive parallel computing. The developed parallel FDD algorithm is up to hundreds of times faster than its serial version on CPU. For SHM of civil structures, where natural frequencies are less than 20 Hz parallel FDD on a single GPU achieves real‐time performance. The use of GPGPU offers many advantages. The modal properties are tracked in real time. A GPU can be installed inside the base station at a structure site. A GPU is energy efficient and does not require the maintenance of a supercomputer.
Using dive behavior and active acoustics to assess prey use and partitioning by fin and humpback whales near Kodiak Island, Alaska
Authors: Witteveen Briana H. , De Robertis Alex , Guo Lei , Wynne Kate M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNear the Kodiak Archipelago, fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales frequently overlap spatially and temporally. The Gulf Apex Predator‐prey study (GAP) investigated the prey use and potential prey partitioning between these sympatric species by combining concurrent analysis of vertical whale distribution with acoustic assessment of pelagic prey. Acoustic backscatter was classified as consistent with either fish or zooplankton. Whale dive depths were determined through suction cup tags. Tagged humpback whales (n = 10) were most often associated with distribution of fish, except when zooplankton density was very high. Associations between the dive depths of tagged fin whales (n = 4) and the vertical distribution of either prey type were less conclusive. However, prey assessment methods did not adequately describe the distribution of copepods, a potentially significant resource for fin whales. Mean dive parameters showed no significant difference between species when compared across all surveys. However, fin whales spent a greater proportion of dive time in the foraging phase than humpbacks, suggesting a possible difference in foraging efficiency between the two. These results suggest that humpback and fin whales may target different prey, with the greatest potential for diet overlap occurring when the density of zooplankton is very high.
Does Conversation Need Shared Language? Davidson and Gadamer on Communicative Understanding
Authors: Lynch Greg 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn a rare discussion of Gadamer's work, Davidson takes issue with Gadamer's claim that successful communication requires that interlocutors share a common language. While he is right to see a difference between his own views and Gadamer's on this point, Davidson appears to have misunderstood what motivates Gadamer's position, conflating it with that of his more familiar conventionalist interlocutors. This paper articulates Gadamer's view of the role of language in communicative understanding as an alternative to both Davidson's and that of the conventionalist writers Davidson critiques. It is argued, first, that Gadamer employs a conception of what individuates a language, and thus of what it means for two speakers to “share” a language, that Davidson never considers. By emphasizing the role of “application” in the historical development of languages, Gadamer develops a view in which languages are distinguished not by their particular semantic or syntactic rules, but by subtle differences between the concepts they express. Second, it is argued that the instances of “asymmetrical” communication—communication between interlocutors who have different sets of concepts at their disposal—that motivate Gadamer's position pose a challenge to Davidson's account of interpretative charity.
Outcome of definitive fractionated radiation followed by exenteration of the nasal cavity in dogs with sinonasal neoplasia: 16 cases
Authors: Bowles K. , DeSandre‐Robinson D. , Kubicek L. , Lurie D. , Milner R. , Boston S. E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLocal control is a major challenge in treating canine nasal tumours. Surgical cytoreduction prior to radiation therapy has not been shown to offer a survival advantage. Only one study has previously evaluated the outcome when surgery is performed after radiation, which demonstrated an improved survival time compared with radiation alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of surgery after definitive radiation on survival times in dogs with sinonasal tumours. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with nasal tumours that received definitive radiation followed by surgery. Information obtained from medical record review included signalment, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. The median survival time was 457 days. No long‐term side effects were observed. These findings suggest that exenteration of the nasal cavity following definitive radiation for treatment of dogs with nasal tumours is well‐tolerated and provides a similar survival duration to previous reports of radiation alone.
Biofilm-Related Infections: Bridging the Gap between Clinical Management and Fundamental Aspects of Recalcitrance toward Antibiotics
Authors: Lebeaux David , Ghigo Jean-Marc , Beloin Christophe 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments. Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have many negative effects, including biofilm-related infections in medical settings. The ability of pathogenic biofilms to survive in the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics is called “recalcitrance” and is a characteristic property of the biofilm lifestyle, leading to treatment failure and infection recurrence. This review presents our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm recalcitrance toward antibiotics and describes how recent progress has improved our capacity to design original and efficient strategies to prevent or eradicate biofilm-related infections.
Measuring disability experienced by adults living with HIV: assessing construct validity of the HIV Disability Questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: O'Brien Kelly K , Solomon Patricia , Bayoumi Ahmed M 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the construct validity of the HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), a self-administered questionnaire that describes the presence, severity and episodic nature of disability experienced by people living with HIV.DesignWe conducted a confirmatory factor analysis. We hypothesised that domains in the HDQ characterised six dimensions of disability, each represented by HDQ items: physical symptoms and impairments (20 items); cognitive symptoms and impairments (3 items); mental and emotional health symptoms and impairments (11 items); uncertainty (14 items); difficulties with day-to-day activities (9 items) and challenges to social inclusion (12 items). We developed a measurement model to test these hypotheses. We used maximum likelihood methods of estimation to determine model fit. We considered a threshold for the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of <0.05 as an indication of overall goodness of model fit. We considered variables with factor loadings of >0.30 as representing a given domain of disability.SettingWe recruited adults with HIV from hospital clinics, AIDS service organisations and a specialty hospital in Ontario.ParticipantsOf the 361 adults with HIV who completed the HDQ, 80% were men, 36% were 50 or older and 77% reported living with at least two concurrent health conditions in addition to HIV.Outcome MeasuresWe administered the HDQ followed by a demographic questionnaire.ResultsThe model achieved good overall fit as indicated by a RMSEA of 0.030 (90% CI 0.028 to 0.033). All HDQ items represented our hypothesised dimensions of disability (factor loadings >0.30). Factor loadings ranged from 0.34 to 0.90. Domains of disability correlated with each other ranging from r=0.47 (between difficulties with day-to-day activities and uncertainty) to r=0.88 (between mental-emotional health challenges and challenges to social inclusion).ConclusionsThe six domain structure of the HDQ demonstrated construct validity when administered to adults living with HIV.
Epidemiology of pedestrian–MVCs by road type in Cluj, Romania
Authors: Hamann Cara , Peek-Asa Corinne , Rus Diana 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivePedestrian–motor vehicle (PMV) crash rates in Romania are among the highest in all of Europe. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of pedestrian–MVCs in Cluj County, Romania, on the two major types of roadways: national or local.MethodsCluj County police crash report data from 2010 were used to identify pedestrian, driver and crash characteristics of pedestrian–MVCs. Crashes with available location data were geocoded and road type (national or local) for each crash was determined. Distributions of crash characteristics were examined by road type and multivariable logistic regression models were built to determine predictors of crash road type.ResultsCrashes occurring on national roads involved more teenagers and adults, while those on local roads involved more young children (0–12) and older adults (65+) (p<0.01). Crashes on national roads were more likely to have marked pedestrian crossings and shoulders compared with local crashes. Pedestrian–MVCs that involved a moving violation by the motorist were more likely to occur on national roadways (adjusted OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.49).ConclusionsPedestrian–MVCs pose a considerable health burden in Romania. Results from this study suggest that factors leading to PMV crashes on national roads are more likely to involve driver-related causes compared with local roads. Intervention priorities to reduce pedestrian crashes on national roads should be directed towards driver behaviour on national roads. Further examination of driver and pedestrian behaviours related to crash risk on both national and local roads, such as distraction and speeding, is warranted.