bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Ligand‐Engineered Nanomedicines
Authors: Shim Gayong , Park Joo Yeon , Roh Lee Dong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Lee Sangbin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver the past two decades, many therapeutic modalities have been investigated for the treatment of cancer. Among the most promising new modalities in the field of medical applications is nanomedicine, which has proven to be an outstanding approach for improving the therapeutic index. As this chapter will show, nanomedicines can achieve remarkable improvements in anticancer efficacy not only by increasing bioavailability and half‐life, but also by promoting tumor‐accumulation of therapeutic entities through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Moreover, through modifications of the surface of nanoparticles, nanomedicines have shown the ability to improve target‐specificity and further enhance the efficacy.
Poor motor skills: A risk marker for bully victimization
Authors: Bejerot Susanne , Plenty Stephanie , Humble Alice , Humble Mats B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChildren who are clumsy are often bullied. Nevertheless, motor skills have been overlooked in research on bullying victimization. A total of 2,730 Swedish adults (83% females) responded to retrospective questions on bullying, their talents in physical education (i.e., coordination and balls skills) and school academics. Poor talents were used as indicators of poor gross motor skills and poor academic skills. A subset of participants also provided information on educational level in adulthood, childhood obesity, belonging to an ethic minority in school and socioeconomic status relative to schoolmates. A total of 29.4% of adults reported being bullied in school, and 18.4% reported having below average gross motor skills. Of those with below average motor skills, 48.6% were bullied in school. Below average motor skills in childhood were associated with an increased risk (OR 3.01 [95% CI: 1.97–4.60]) of being bullied, even after adjusting for the influence of lower socioeconomic status, poor academic performance, being overweight, and being a bully. Higher odds for bully victimization were also associated with lower socioeconomic status (OR 2.29 [95% CI: 1.45–3.63]), being overweight (OR 1.71 [95% CI: 1.18–2.47]) and being a bully (OR 2.18 [95% CI: 1.53–3.11]). The findings indicate that poor gross motor skills constitute a robust risk‐marker for vulnerability for bully victimization. Aggr. Behav. 39:453–461, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Aggressive Behavior Published by Wiley‐Blackwell
Expressed Emotions and Perceived Credibility of Child Mock Victims Disclosing Physical Abuse
Authors: Wessel Ellen , Magnussen Svein , Melinder Annika Maria Desiree 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe influence of emotions displayed by child witnesses during disclosure of abuse on judgments of credibility and guilt were examined. Eight mock police interviews with child actors, telling a story of physical abuse with different emotional expressions, were video‐recorded. In a between‐group design, jury eligible lay persons (n = 162) and professional child protective service (CPS) workers (n = 154) rated the credibility of the child witnesses and the probability that the alleged perpetrator was guilty of crime. The emotions displayed by the child witnesses strongly affected judgments of credibility and guilt. The patterns of ratings were closely similar in the two participant samples, but the overall ratings of the CPS workers were higher than those of the lay participants. Judgments of the probability of guilt followed a similar pattern with a correlation of .68 between the two variables. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open‐Circuit Voltage and Effective Gap of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Widmer Johannes , Tietze Max , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of an organic solar cell is limited by the donor‐acceptor material system. The effective gap Egeff between the electron affinity of the acceptor and the ionization potential of the donor is usually regarded as the upper limit for VOC, which is only reached for T → 0 K. This relation is confirmed for a number of small‐molecule bulk heterojunction p‐i‐n type solar cells by varying the temperature and illumination intensity. With high precision, the low temperature limit of VOC is identical to Egeff. Furthermore, the influence of the hole transport material in a p‐doped hole transport layer and the donor‐acceptor mixing ratio on this limit V0 is found to be negligible. Varying the active material system, the quantitative relation between V0 and Egeff is found to be identity. A comparison of V0 in a series of nine different donor‐acceptor material combinations opens a pathway to quantitatively determine the ionization potential of a donor material or the electron affinity of an acceptor material.
Quasi‐One Dimensional in‐Plane Conductivity in Filamentary Films of PEDOT:PSS
Authors: van de Ruit Kevin , Cohen Racheli Itzhak , Bollen Dirk , van Mol Ton , Yerushalmi‐Rozen Rachel , Janssen René A. J. , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mechanism and magnitude of the in‐plane conductivity of poly(3,4‐ethy‐lenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films is determined using temperature dependent conductivity measurements for various PEDOT:PSS weight ratios with and without a high boiling solvent (HBS). Without the HBS the in‐plane conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is lower and for all studied weight ratios well described by the relation $ \sigma = \sigma _0 {\rm exp}[- \left({{{{T_0}}\over{T}}} \right)^{0.5}] $ with T0 a characteristic temperature. The exponent 0.5 indicates quasi‐one dimensional (quasi‐1D) variable range hopping (VRH). The conductivity prefactor σ0 varies over three orders of magnitudes and follows a power law σ0∝c3.5PEDOT with cPEDOT the weight fraction of PEDOT in PEDOT:PSS. The field dependent conductivity is consistent with quasi‐1D VRH. Combined, these observations suggest that conductance takes place via a percolating network of quasi‐1D filaments. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) filamentary structures are observed in vitrified dispersions and dried films. For PEDOT:PSS films with HBS, the conductivity also exhibits quasi‐1D VRH behavior when the temperature is less than 200 K. The low characteristic temperature T0 indicates that HBS‐treated films are close to the critical regime between a metal and an insulator. In this case, the conductivity prefactor scales linearly with cPEDOT, indicating the conduction is no longer limited by a percolation of filaments. The lack of observable changes in TEM upon processing with the HBS suggests that the changes in conductivity are due to a smaller spread in the conductivities of individual filaments, or a higher probability for neighboring filaments to be connected rather than being caused by major morphological modification of the material.
Oxygen Vacancies and Ordering of d‐levels Control Voltage Suppression in Oxide Cathodes: the Case of Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐δ
Authors: Sushko Peter V. , Rosso Kevin M. , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Liu Jun , Sushko Maria L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study presents a microscopic model for the correlation between the concentration of oxygen vacancies and voltage suppression in high voltage spinel cathodes for Li‐ion batteries. Using first principles simulations, it is shown that neutral oxygen vacancies in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4‐δ promote substitutional Ni/Mn disorder and the formation of Ni‐rich and Ni‐poor regions. The former trap oxygen vacancies, while the latter trap electrons associated with these vacancies. This leads to the creation of deep and shallow Mn3+ states and affects the stability of the lattice Li ions. Together, these two factors result in a characteristic profile of the voltage dependence on Li content. This insight provides guidance for mitigating the voltage suppression in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and other cathodes.
Imaging the Electric Potential within Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Saive Rebecca , Scherer Michael , Mueller Christian , Daume Dominik , Schinke Janusz , Kroeger Michael , Kowalsky Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe charge transport in organic solar cells is investigated by surface potential measurements via scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Access to the solar cell's cross‐section is gained by milling holes with a focused ion beam which enables the direct scan along the charge transport path. In a study of poly(3‐hexylthiophene):1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl[6,6]C61 (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction solar cells, the open circuit voltage is built up at the top contact. A comparison of the potential distribution within normal and inverted solar cells under operation exhibits strongly different behaviors, which can be assigned to a difference in interface properties.
Transferable Crack‐Free Colloidal Crystals on an Elastomeric Matrix with Surface Relief
Authors: Kim Mi Ri , Im Sang Hyuk , Kim Young‐Seok , Cho Kuk Young 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCrack‐free three‐dimensional (3D) colloidal silica crystals are fabricated on an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp via the lift‐up method. A surface relief structure is fabricated on the PDMS substrate to enable the formation of colloidal crystal assemblies that cannot be achieved on a plane PDMS substrate owing to the hydrophobic nature of its surface. Four samples of uniform silica particles having different sizes are prepared for colloidal crystal assembly on PDMS substrates with various relief patterns. This strategy not only provides a means for the assembly of crack‐free colloidal crystals on a soft hydrophobic surface via the lift‐up method but enables the transfer of the crack‐free colloidal crystals onto a curved surface.
Nanofiber Bundles and Yarns Production by Electrospinning: A Review
Authors: Abbasipour Mina , Khajavi Ramin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTElectrospinning is a versatile method for spinning various polymers into nanoscale fibers. Nanofibers produced by electrospinning or other methods show enhanced properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, flexibility in surface functionalities, and mechanical properties. To increase their practical usage and opening new windows for their innovative applications, theses nanofibers can be assembled into an ordered structure like yarn. Besides their intrinsic‐based polymer characteristics, these nanofiber yarns have an exceptional high specific surface area as a heritage of their forming nanofibers. This unique property together with the increased number of fibers in an unit area of cross section will improve their some properties such as water and chemical absorbency and flexibility in comparison with conventional yarns. So far, miscellaneous methods are established for fabricating electrospun nanofibers into yarn and the effects of processing factors on the characteristics of produced nanofiber yarns are studied by many researchers. In this review, the achievements in nanofibers bundles and yarn production and different established methods including twisted, hybrid, and core types are discussed. It also reviews the reinforced yarns by carbon nanotubes and the mechanical properties of nanoyarns. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21363; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21363
Beyond diet reconstruction: Stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition
Authors: Reitsema Laurie J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAnalysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from soft or mineralized tissues is a direct and widely‐used technique for modeling diets. In addition to its continued role in paleodiet analysis, stable isotope analysis is now contributing to studies of physiology, disease, and nutrition in archaeological and living human populations. In humans and other animals, dietary uptake and distribution of carbon and nitrogen among mineralized and soft tissue is carried out with varying efficiency due to factors of internal biology. Human pathophysiologies may lead to pathology‐influenced isotopic fractionation that can be exploited to understand not just skeletal health and diet, but physiological health and nutrition. This study reviews examples from human biology, non‐human animal ecology, biomedicine, and bioarchaeology demonstrating how stable isotope analyses are usefully applied to the study of physiological adaptation and adaptability. Suggestions are made for future directions in applying stable isotope analysis to the study of nutritional stress, disease, and growth and development in living and past human populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:445–456, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Blockade of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Membrane Cell Cultures
Authors: Schmidt Emily M. , Davies Marie , Mistry Prafull , Green Patricia , Giddins Grey , Feldmann Marc , Stoop A. Allart , Brennan Fionula M. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether selective blockade of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) affects spontaneous proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in ex vivo–cultured human rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane mononuclear cells (MNCs) and to compare this response to that of TNF ligand blockade using etanercept.MethodsA bispecific, single variable‐domain antibody (anti‐TNFRI moiety plus an albumin binding moiety [TNFRI‐AlbudAb]) was used to selectively block TNFRI. Inhibition of TNFα‐mediated responses in cell lines expressing TNFRI/II confirmed TNFRI‐AlbudAb potency, human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line KYM‐1D4 cytotoxicity, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) upregulation. Eighteen RA synovial membrane MNC suspensions were cultured for 2 days or 5 days, either alone or in the presence of TNFRI‐AlbudAb, control‐AlbudAb, or etanercept. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatants were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. A mixed‐effects statistical analysis model was used to assess the extent of TNFRI selective blockade, where the results were expressed as the percentage change with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsTNFRI‐AlbudAb inhibited TNFα‐induced KYM‐1D4 cell cytotoxicity (50% inhibition concentration [IC50] 4 nM) and HUVEC VCAM‐1 up‐regulation (IC50 12 nM) in a dose‐dependent manner. In ex vivo–cultured RA synovial membrane MNCs, selective blockade of TNFRI inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to levels similar to those obtained with TNF ligand blockade, without inducing cellular toxicity. Changes in cytokine levels were as follows: −23.5% (95% CI −12.4, −33.2 [P = 0.004]) for granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, –33.4% (95% CI –20.6, –44.2 [P ≤ 0.0001]) for interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), –17.6% (95% CI 3.2, –34.2 [P = 0.0880]) for IL‐1β, and –19.0% (95% CI –3.4, –32.1 [P = 0.0207]) for IL‐6. Changes in chemokine levels were as follows: –34.2% (–14.4, –49.4 [P = 0.0030]) for IL‐8, –56.6% (–30.7, –72.9 [P = 0.0011]) for RANTES, and –24.9% (2, –44.8 [P = 0.0656]) for monocyte chemotactic protein 1.ConclusionIn ex vivo–cultured RA synovial membrane MNCs, although a limited role of TNFRII cannot be ruled out, TNFRI signaling was found to be the dominant pathway leading to proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Thus, selective blockade of TNFRI could potentially be therapeutically beneficial over TNF ligand blockade by retaining the beneficial TNFRII signaling.
A rapid and selective HPLC‐UV method for the quantitation of efavirenz in plasma from patients on concurrent HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis treatments
Authors: Bienvenu Emile , Hoffmann Kurt‐Jürgen , Ashton Michael , Kayumba Pierre Claver 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOwing to heterogeneity in therapeutic response, efavirenz is of research and clinical interest. There is a need to quantitate it using noncostly and selective methods. A method for efavirenz quantitation in plasma containing HIV and tuberculosis drugs was developed. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile, and was pumped at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Efavirenz and ritonavir (internal standard) were monitored at 247 nm. Plasma proteins were precipitated by centrifugation. The analysis time was 6 min. The response was linear (r = 0.9997). The accuracy ranged between 98 and 115% (intraday) and between 99 and 117% (interday). The precision ranged from 1.670 to 4.087% (intraday) and from 3.447 to 13.347% (interday). Recovery ranged from 98 to 132%. Stability ranged between 99 and 123%. The selectivity was proven by analysis of drugs used for the management of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Plasma sample analysis showed an efavirenz retention time of 5.57 min and a peak plasma concentration of 2.4 µg/mL occurring at 2 h. This method is rapid and selective, and thus suitable for monitoring efavirenz in patients with HIV/AIDS alone or co‐infected with tuberculosis in a less resourced setting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of flomoxef in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kravtsova Oxana Yu. , Paramonov Sergey A. , Vasilevich Natalya I. , Kazyulkin Denis N. , Vlasova Ekaterina , Engsig Michael 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA specific, sensitive, rapid and reproducible method for the determination of flomoxef in human plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Flomoxef was detected using an electrospay ionization method operated in negative‐ion mode. Chromatographic separation was performed in gradient elution mode on a Luna® C18(2) column (3 μm, 20 × 4.0 mm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and runtime 3.5 min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid as additive. Extraction of flomoxef from plasma and precipitation of plasma proteins was performed with acetonitrile with an absolute recovery of 86.4 ± 1.6%. The calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 over the concentration range 10–5000 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <11.8%, while the accuracy ranged from 99.6 to 109.0%. A stability study of flomoxef revealed that it could be successfully analyzed at 4ºС over 24 h, but it was unstable in solutions at room temperature during short‐term storage (4 h) and several freeze–thaw cycles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing next‐generation sequencing data analytics with scalable distributed infrastructure
Authors: Kim Joohyun , Maddineni Sharath , Jha Shantenu 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWith the emergence of popular next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based genome‐wide protocols such as chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) and RNA‐Seq, there is a growing need for research and infrastructure to support the requirement of effectively analyzing NGS data. Such research and infrastructure do not replace but complement algorithmic advances developments in analyzing NGS data. We present a runtime environment, Distributed Application Runtime Environment, that supports the scalable, flexible, and extensible composition of capabilities that cover the primary requirements of NGS‐based analytics. In this work, we use BFAST as a representative stand‐alone tool used for NGS data analysis and a ChIP‐Seq pipeline as a representative pipeline‐based approach to analyze the computational requirements. We analyze the performance characteristics of BFAST and understand its dependency on different input parameters. The computational complexity of genome‐wide mapping using BFAST, amongst other factors, depends upon the size of a reference genome and the data size of short reads. Characterizing the performance suggests that the mapping benefits from both scaling‐up (increased fine‐grained parallelism) and scaling‐out (task‐level parallelism – local and distributed). For certain problem instances, scaling‐out can be a more efficient approach than scaling‐up. On the basis of investigations using the pipeline for ChIP‐Seq, we also discuss the importance of dynamical execution of tasks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
More than one ring to bind them all: Recent insights into the structure of the axon
Authors: Gallo Gianluca 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis brief review outlines recent developments in the understanding of the ultrastructural organization of the axonal and growth cone actin filament cytoskeleton. A novel form of structural organization has arisen as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton: ring‐like structures. Rings may represent a conserved functional theme exhibited by diverse molecular systems and have implications for the understanding of the axon in development, maturity, and disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73:799–805, 2013
Comparison of daily versus nondaily image‐guided radiotherapy protocols for patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Yu Yao , Michaud Anthony L. , Sreeraman Radhika , Liu Tianxiao , Purdy James A. , Chen Allen M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of nondaily image‐guided radiotherapy (RT) strategies with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer.MethodsAlignment data was analyzed from 103 consecutive patients treated by IMRT for head and neck cancer who had undergone daily imaging with onboard mega‐voltage CT (MVCT), resulting in 3275 images. Geometric setup errors that would have occurred using less‐than‐daily imaging were hypothetically estimated for 4 temporal less‐than‐daily image‐guided RT protocols.ResultsFor image‐guided RT on the first fraction, weekly image‐guided RT, first 5 + weekly image‐guided RT, and alternating day image‐guided RT, the respective incidences of geometric miss were 50.5%, 33.8%, 30.1%, and 15.7% assuming 3‐mm uncertainty margins; and 18.7%, 11.7%, 10.3%, and 4.1% with 5‐mm margins.ConclusionLess‐than‐daily image‐guided RT strategies result in a high incidence of potential miss when 3‐mm uncertainty margins are utilized. Less‐than‐daily image‐guided RT strategies should incorporate margins of at least 5 mm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 992–997, 2014
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for salvage nasopharyngectomy via the maxillary swing approach
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , To Victor Shing Howe , Chow Velda Ling Yu , Wong Stanley Thian Sze , Wei William Ignace 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors for salvage nasopharyngectomy.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy performed between 1998 and 2010. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified prognostic factors affecting actuarial local tumor control and overall survival.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 52 months. Among the 268 patients, 79.1% had clear resection margins. The 5‐year actuarial local tumor control and overall survival was 74% and 62.1%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, tumor size, resection margin status, and gross tumor in the sphenoid sinus were independent prognostic factors for local tumor control. For overall survival, resection margin status, synchronous cervical nodal recurrence, and cavernous sinus invasion had a negative influence on overall survival after surgery.ConclusionExtent of nasopharyngectomy should be tailored to the individual tumor to achieve clear resection margins. Cavernous sinus invasion is associated with poor survival outcome, and detailed counseling and meticulous surgical planning is crucial in such circumstances. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1013–1017, 2014