bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Complexes Copper(II) and Silver(I) with 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole‐Based Ligands
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Jian‐Bin , Cao Ling‐Hua , Li Yan‐Ping , Wang Duo‐Zhi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo novel metal‐organic coordination complexes of copper(II) and silver(I) with 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐based ligands HL1 [N‐(5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐pyridinecarboxamide] and H2L2 [2,5‐dipropanoylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole] have been synthesized in diffusion conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The X‐ray crystal structural determinations show that complex [Cu2(L1)2(BF4)(OH)]∞ (1) is a three‐dimensional (3‐D) framework containing channels along the c axis, and the channels' inner surface decorated by S atom. Complex [Ag2(H2L2)2(HL2)(PF6)]∞ (2) shows a one‐dimensional chain comprising two five‐coordinated silver centers which form dinuclear structure units. The AgṁṁṁAg weak interactions were observed between the two non‐bonding silver atoms in the dinuclear unit.
Carbazole Containing Ru‐based Photo‐sensitizer for Dye‐sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Wu Shi‐Jhang , Chen Chia‐Yuan , Li Jheng‐Ying , Chen Jian‐Ging , Lee Kun‐Mu , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Wut Chun‐Guey 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDye‐sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) is a new generation solar cell with promising for low cost clear renewable energy. Ruthenium complexes were the best sensitizers amongst all types of molecules used for DSC. Molecular design of ruthenium complex for high efficiency DSC is an active research area. A heteroleptic ruthenium complex, coded CYC‐B6S, which incorporating an antenna carbazole moiety in the ancillary ligand was used as a typical example to demonstrate the strategy of molecular design. CYC‐B6S exhibits the lower energy MLCT band centered at 548 nm with a molar absorption coefficient of 1.61 × 104 M−1 cm−1. Solution state cell based on CYC‐B6S show a conversion efficiency of 9.72%. 3.5% was achieved with all‐solid state device based on CYC‐B6S. Flexible DSCs sensitized with CYC‐B6S has an efficiency of 3.8% at TiO2 thickness as small as 6.0 μm.
The Preparation of Composite TiO2 Electrodes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Su Chao‐Chin , Hung Wei‐Cheng , Lin Chin‐Jung , Chien Shu‐Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, the 1D titania nanorods (Tnr) were successfully prepared from commercial Degussa P25 powders (DP25) by alkaline hydrothermal method and applied to fabricate the composite TiO2 photoanodes for DSSCs. The morphology of the obtained 1D titania nanomaterials is controllable and is dependent on the post heat treatment. Anatase Tnr (a‐Tnr) with diameters of 50‐200 nm and lengths of several hundreds nanomaters was obtained after calcination at 600 °C. The BET surface area was 20 m2/g. For DSSCs study, the composite TiO2 pastes with a range of DP25/Tnr weight ratio were used for photoanodes. It was found that by adding the Tnr, the photoconversion efficiency (η) increases, yet, due to the lower surface area of a‐Tnr, the DSSC efficiency is deteriorated for higher Tnr content. The DSSC performance also largely depends on the thickness of composite TiO2 films. The best efficiency of ∼7.56% (Voc = 0.81V, Jsc = 14.9 mA/cm2, FF = 0.63) was achieved for the D80a20 sample (80% DP25, 20% Tnr) with film thickness of 20 μm. To realize the electron transport properties of composite film, the DSSCs were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the electron transport efficiency is affected by the morphology and composition of the composite TiO2 electrodes.
Morphologic Characterization of Anodic Titania Nanotube Arrays for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Li Lu‐Lin , Tsai Chiau‐Yiag , Wu Hui‐Ping , Chen Chien‐Chon , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report morphologic characterization of the anodic titanium oxide (ATO) films with highly‐ordered titania (TiO2) nanotube (NT) arrays grown perpendicularly to a titanium (Ti) foil. The length of the ATO arrays was controlled by various electrolytes and anodic periods at a constant applied voltage. In order to enhance the pathways for electron percolation, the ATO film was annealed in an air furnace, forming anatase TiO2. After TiCl4 post‐treatment to enhance the ruthenium‐based dye loading on the ATO surface, the optimized ATO arrays were used as a photoanode in a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The best performance of the NT‐DSSC device was achieved with a NH4F‐based ATO film at length of 15 μm, giving JSC =12.15 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.74 V, FF = 0.69, and η = 6.2% under backside illumination.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Heteroleptic Ruthenium Complexes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Wei‐Kai , Lan Chi‐Ming , Liu Yu‐Sin , Lee Pei‐Heng , Chang Shu‐Mei , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report three novel heteroleptic ruthenium complexes, RD1: Ru[(dcbpy)(1‐methyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzimidazole)(NCS)2, RD2: Ru [(dcbpy) (2‐(pyridine‐2‐yl) benzothiazole) (NCS)2, and RD3: Ru[(dcbpy)(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl) benzoxazole) (NCS)2, for dye‐sensitized solar cell applications. We found that RD1 exhibits a dye loading amount two times higher than that of N719, which gives a broad IPCE action spectrum for the spectral response beyond 800 nm. This series of dyes can be easily synthesized in three steps with the best dye (RD1) reaching 80% cell performance of N719.
Flexible TiO2 Working Electrode for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Yen Wen‐Hsiang , Hsieh Chi‐Chuan , Hung Chuan‐Ya , Wang Hong‐Wen , Tsui Meng‐Chin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we have developed a low temperature process for the flexible dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles (P25 and P90). The connection between TiO2 nanoparticles was achieved by a low‐temperature sol‐gel processing of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and H2O2. TiO2 film was formed on a conductive indium‐tin oxide ITO‐coated polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) plastic sheet by the doctor‐blade coating. A binder‐free paste consisting of the sol‐gel derived nanocrystalline TiO2 as the interparticle binding agent served as a connection media among P25/P90 particles. TiO2‐coated ITO‐PEN electrodes were dye‐sensitized with Ru‐based bipyridyl complexes to construct the photoanodes for the plastic dye‐sensitized solar cells. A flexible solar cell with optimized TiO2 films and the iodide/triiodide‐based electrolyte yielded a conversion efficiency of 3.10% for an incident solar energy of 100 mW/cm2.
Electro‐Optical Properties of Photovoltaic Cells Based on P3OT‐Liquid‐Crystal and P3OT‐Nanomaterial Blends
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hsin , Lee Tsung‐Hsien , Su Mu‐Ting , Lee Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn increase in power conversion efficiency in poly(3‐octyl‐thiophene) has been demonstrated using a eutectic nematic liquid‐crystal mixture as an additive under green‐light illumination of wavelength of 514.5 nm and power of 4 mW. Although other nanomaterials, including single‐walled carbon nanotubes and buckministerfullerene (C60), are also investigated as the acceptors in the conjugated polymer, experimental results show that the ordered mesogenic dopant leads to notably superior electro‐optical properties among the acceptor substances exploited in this work, yielding higher photocurrent and power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. The possible reason behind this finding is that the nematic liquid‐crystal molecules with a certain degree of orientational order may help induce self‐alignment of the polymeric macromolecules and further improve charge‐carrier transport in the active layer. The promising photovoltaic characteristics of the P3OT‐nematic blend render it as one of the potential candidates of alternative energy sources in the future.
Micro‐TiO2 Particles Synthesis by a Novel Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Authors: Huang Chun , Chang Ya‐Chi , Wu Shin‐Yi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was used to deposit titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in this investigation. This was achieved by controlling the operating parameters in a low temperature, capacitive radio frequency plasma jet in which titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) precursor was vaporized with an argon/oxygen carrier gas, and then exposed to ambient air. The influence of plasma power and oxygen gas flow rate which result in control of surface morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition has been investigated. The chemical composition of the APP synthesized particles of TiO2 was studied with Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis; whereas the particle morphology was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The APPJ synthesized particles of TiO2 were highly uniform and adjustable in size. The titanium‐based particle sizes ranged from 2 to 10 μm, and they depended on the precursor ratio of TTIP/O2 APP deposited particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) which has a potential application as hole‐transport materials in dye‐sensitized‐solar‐cells.
Functionalized Ionic Liquid Promoted Aza‐Michael Addition of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Bing , Lu Ming , Lu Ting‐Ting , Gu Guo‐Liang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA functionalized ionic liquid, 3‐(N,N‐dimethyldodecylammonium) propanesulfonic acid hydrogen sulphate ([DDPA][HSO4]) has been used as catalyst for the aza‐Michael reactions of aromatic amines with α,β‐unsaturated compounds at room temperature to produce β‐amino compounds in good yields. The catalyst can be reused for several times without obvious loss of the catalytic activity.
Study of the Natural Product Intermediates of Steviolbioside, Steviol, and Isosteviol; O‐ and N‐Acylated Forms of Benzotriazoyl Esters
Authors: Lee Lin‐Wen , Chen Shih‐Ming , Lin Chiung‐Chang , Sheu Shiow‐Yunn , Lin Pen‐Yuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGlycosides, steviolside, and rubaudioside A, which are extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, can be used as sweetener for food additive. Intermediates of steviolbioside, steviol, and isosteviol are very stable compounds obtained from benzotriazol‐1‐yloxtri(pyrrolidinol)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate. They are suitable to be used in amide and amide dimer synthesis. These nature product intermediates possess special characteristics. The spectra data showed two tautomeric groups: an ester form and an amide form. Their nuclear magnetic resonance, mass and chromatographic/mass/mass spectra were examined.
Direct Cu‐Catalyzed Allylic Acetoxylation of Δ5‐Steroids at 7‐Position
Authors: Rahman Faiz Ur , Rahman Ata Ur , Tan Tian‐Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe efficiency and selectivity of Cu‐catalyzed allylic acetoxylation of alkene in different solvent systems is improved by the presence of different metallic salts in the reaction medium. The methodology is particularly well employed for the direct allylic acetoxylation of Δ5‐steroids at 7‐position, for which the resulting acetoxylated product obtained was exclusively α‐isomer. Excellent yield was achieved (up to 90%) under optimized conditions, while significantly reducing the costs and environmental hazards and increasing the yield as compared to the other previously reported methods.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Molecular Recognition Bionic Solid Phase Extraction Column for Separation of Glucosides
Authors: Tang Ping‐Ping , Cai Ji‐Bao , Gao Yun , Su Qing‐De 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA molecular recognition bionic solid phase extraction (SPE) column for separation of glucosides has been prepared using a positively charged β‐glucosylamidine as the ligand in which a glycon moiety is connected via an N‐glycoside linkage. β‐Glucosylamidine, highly potent and selective inhibitors of β‐glycosidase, is immobilized through a one‐step synthesize procedure involving the addition of β‐glucosylamine and 2‐iminothiolane. HCl simultaneously to a matrix modified with maleimido groups via an appropriate spacer to give a molecular recognition absorbent for β‐glucosides. N‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and β‐D‐galactopyranoside or α‐D‐mannopyranoside was directly chromatographed through the bionic chromatographic column, resulting in a much stronger retention of β‐D‐glucopyranoside than β‐D‐galactopyranoside and α‐D‐mannopyranoside. The retained glucopyranoside could only be eluted by glucose solution. This indicates that the binding of the glucoside was of specific nature that corresponds to the glycon substrate specificity of the glucoside. The ease of preparation and the selective nature of the molecular recognition bionic chromatography should promise a large‐scale preparation of the molecular recognition adsorbent for the purification and removal of glucosides according to their glycon substrate specificity.
Exploration of Linear and Nonlinear Modeling Techniques to Predict of Retention Index of Essential Oils
Authors: Noorizadeh Hadi , Farmany Abbas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe essential oils are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and perfume industry, and for flavouring and preservation of several food products. GC and GC‐MS is one of the most powerful tools in analytical volatile compound (such as essential oils). Genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression (GA‐MLR), partial least square (GA‐PLS), kernel PLS (GA‐KPLS) and Levenberg‐Marquardt artificial neural network (L‐M ANN) techniques were used to investigate the correlation between retention index (RI) and descriptors for 113 diverse compounds in essential oils of four Teucrium species which obtained by GC and GC‐MS. Five simple one‐ and two‐dimensional descriptors were selected by GA‐KPLS and considered as input for developing L‐M ANN. The applied internal (leave‐group‐out cross validation (LGO‐CV)) and external (test set) validation methods were used for the predictive power of four models. The correlation coefficient LGO‐CV (Q2) between experimental and predicted RI for training and test sets by GA‐MLR, GA‐PLS, GA‐KPLS and L‐M ANN was 0.91, 0.92, 0.96 and 0.99 (for 88 compounds), 0.88, 0.91, 0.94 and 0.97 (for 25 compounds), respectively. This indicates that L‐M ANN can be used as an alternative modeling tool for quantitative structure‐property/retention relationship (QSPR/QSRR) studies. This is the first research on the QSRR of the essential oil compounds against the RI using the GA‐KPLS and L‐M ANN.
Simultaneous Determination of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Non Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Serum by RP‐HPLC
Authors: Sultana Najma , Arayne M. Saeed , Shahzad Waseem 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn accurate, sensitive and least time consuming reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) method for the estimation of ceftriaxone in the presence of non steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in formulation and human serum has been developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was conducted on prepacked Purospher Star, C18 (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm) column at room temperature using methanol:water:acetonitrile (80:15:5 v/v/v) as a mobile phase, pH adjusted at 2.8 with ortho‐phosphoric acid and at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute, while UV detection was performed at 270 nm. The results obtained showed a good agreement with the declared content. The method shows good linearity in the range of 2.5‐25 μg/mL ceftriaxone serum concentrations with a correlation coefficient 0.999 (inter‐ and intra‐day RSD < 2.0%). The limit of detection and quantification for ceftriaxone and NSAID's in pharmaceutical formulation and serum were in the range 0.51‐1.54 μg/mL. Analytical recovery was >98.1%. The proposed method may be used for the quantitative analysis of commonly administered non steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs i.e. tiaprofenic acid, naproxen sodium, flurbiprofen, diclofenac acid and mefenamic acid alone or in combination with ceftriaxone from raw materials, dosage formulations and in serum. The established HPLC method is rapid, accurate and selective, because of its sensitivity and reproducibility.
Isolated BMI+ Cations are More than Isolated PF6− Anions in the Room Temperature 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate (BMI‐PF6) Ionic Liquid
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Hsu Wen‐Yi , Lin Mei‐Yi , Tai Chia‐Cheng , Wang Shao‐Pin , Sun I‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAssuming various ionic states in ionic liquids (ILs) are in equilibrium with exchange rates too high to be distinguished by NMR experiments and the overall response of measured diffusivity is viewed as the sum of weighted responses of diffusivity of all possible components, the ratio of cation diffusivity to anion diffusivity, D+/D−, in a specified IL affords the physical meaning: relative association degrees observed by anion‐containing components to cation‐containing components. These values decrease with increasing temperature showing the equilibrium between ionic states shifting to smaller components. In the neat 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMI‐PF6), (BMI‐PF6)nPF6− anions are found preferred to (BMI‐PF6)nBMI+ cations and this phenomenon is termed as hyper anion preference (HAP). The counterpart statement, “isolated BMI+Cations Are More than Isolated PF6− Anions in the Room Temperature in the BMI‐PF6 Ionic Liquid” is employed as the research title. The HAP approach can be employed to explain the temperature‐dependent values of D+/D− obtained for BMI‐PF6/2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (TFE) mixtures at two different compositions (χTFE = 0.65 and 0.80). More significantly, this argument can rationalize numerous physical properties published for this IL: (1) higher sensitive of anionic diffusivity towards temperatures than cationic diffusivity, (2) temperature‐dependent cationic transference number, (3) low anionic donicity and high ionicity and (4) high viscosity.
Xanthan Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient Biodegradable and Recyclable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates
Authors: Sun Guo‐Ying , Hou Jun‐Tao , Dou Jing‐Jie , Lu Jun , Hou Yong‐Jie , Xue Tuo , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA convenient and efficient procedure for the synthesis of α‐amino phosphonates by a one‐pot, three‐component condensation of aldehydes, amine, and diethyl phosphite in the presence of xanthan sulfuric acid as a bio‐supported catalyst under solvent‐free conditions has been developed. A wide range of α‐amino phosphonates have been obtained in high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered simply and reused several times in subsequent reactions.
Synthesis, Antiproliferative, and Antiplatelet Activities of Oxime‐Containing 3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐One Derivatives
Authors: Chen Li‐Chai , Chen I‐Li , Huang Chih‐Chiang , Liao Chang‐Hui , Chen Jhy‐Yih , Wang Tai‐Chi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSome oxime‐containing 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplatelet and antiproliferative activities. These compounds were synthesized via alkylation of hydroxyl precursors followed by the reaction with NH2OH. The preliminary assays indicated that (Z)‐7‐[2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(hydroxyimino)ethoxy]‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (13c) is the most active against U46619 induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 3.51 μM. For the inhibition of AA‐induced aggregation, (E)‐6‐[2‐(hydroxyimino)propoxy]‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (15) is the most potent with an IC50 value of 1.85 μM. These oxime‐containing 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives were inactive against thrombin induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of greater than 26.78 μM. For the antiproliferative activity, most of these oxime‐containing 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives were inactive while (Z)‐7‐[2‐(hydroxyimino)‐2‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)ethoxy]‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (13a) exhibited only marginal activities with GI50 value of 7.63, 7.34 and 6.36 μM against the growth of NPC‐TW01, NCI‐H661, and Jurkat respectively.
Synthesis of 2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]Phthalazine‐1,6,11(13H)‐Trione Derivatives Using Wet Cyanuric Chloride under Solvent‐Free Condition
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ma Wei‐Wei , Wu Li‐Qiang , Yan Fu‐Lin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA simple and facile synthesis of 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐1,6,11(13H)‐trione derivatives has been accomplished by a three‐component condensation reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes and phthalhydrazide under solvent‐free conditions in the presence of wet cyanuric chloride as a catalyst.
Combination of Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction with Flame Atomic Absorption for Determination of Trace Ni and Co in Water Samples and Vitamin B12
Authors: Sorouraddin Mohammad‐Hossein , Khoshmaram Leila 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method based on the dispersion of 1,2‐dichlorobenzene as an extraction solvent into an aqueous phase in the presence of ethanol as a dispersive solvent for the preconcentration of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions is discussed. 1‐Nitroso 2‐naphtol was used as a chelating agent prior to the extraction and the preconcentrated analyte was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of various experimental parameters including the extraction and dispersive solvent type and volume, pH, amount of the chelating agent, etc. on the microextraction and complex formation was investigated for finding the optimum conditions. The enhancement factors were about 61.9 and 51.8, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 10‐150 μgL−1 and 10‐250 μgL−1 with detection limits of 2.42 μgL−1 and 1.59 μgL−1, and RSD (n = 5) of 3.08% and 2.17% for cobalt and nickel, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Co and Ni in water and vitamin B12.
Geographic Information System (GIS) Analysis of Impacts in the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) of a Mediterranean Resort
Authors: Garcia‐Ayllon Salvador 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTourism in Spain has evolved from being a residual sector in the economy during the 1950s to become at present the main source of wealth in the country. The Spanish Law of Centres and National Tourist Interest Areas of 1963 created numerous new resorts on the coast whose life cycle is now over 50 years. On the Mediterranean coast, urban development and tourism model processes have been developed with major feedback to each other. In this context, it is particularly interesting to evaluate the results obtained since the decade of the 1960s in order to achieve sustainable tourism.This paper analyses a paradigmatic case study located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. A diagnosis that explains the evolution of the life cycle tourist destination as a consumer product is carried out using geographic information system analysis of the urban plot. The mutation of the target customer, the real estate overcrowding, or the seasonality of demand will be the variables to be evaluated in order to assess the final return of the managed product. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.