bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignacio Ellacuría and the Salvadorean Revolution
Authors: GOULD JEFFREY L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the political thought and practice of the martyred Jesuit intellectual during the late 1970s. It employs the concept of desencuentros, probing the relationship between linguistic misunderstandings and political division. The article highlights Ignacio Ellacuría's novel analyses of the relationship between the ecclesial and the popular organisations, led by the radical Left. It discusses his political thought in relationship to the author's research on the base communities of northern Morazán. The article also discusses the Jesuit scholar's critical support for the Junta Revolucionario de Gobierno (15 October 1979–2 January 1980). The concluding section discusses Ellacuría's relevance for contemporary Latin American politics.
The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by nanoparticles through ATP, ADP and adenosine
Authors: Baron L , Gombault A , Fanny M , Villeret B , Savigny F , Guillou N , Panek C , Le Bert M , Lagente V , Rassendren F , Riteau N , Couillin I 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a major component of the innate immune system, but its mechanism of activation by a wide range of molecules remains largely unknown. Widely used nano-sized inorganic metal oxides such as silica dioxide (nano-SiO2) and titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages similarly to silica or asbestos micro-sized particles. By investigating towards the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation in response to nanoparticles, we show here that active adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and subsequent ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine receptor signalling are required for inflammasome activation. Nano-SiO2 or nano-TiO2 caused a significant increase in P2Y1, P2Y2, A2A and/or A2B receptor expression, whereas the P2X7 receptor was downregulated. Interestingly, IL-1β secretion in response to nanoparticles is increased by enhanced ATP and ADP hydrolysis, whereas it is decreased by adenosine degradation or selective A2A or A2B receptor inhibition. Downstream of these receptors, our results show that nanoparticles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome via activation of PLC-InsP3 and/or inhibition of adenylate cyclase (ADCY)-cAMP pathways. Finally, a high dose of adenosine triggers inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion through adenosine cellular uptake by nucleotide transporters and by its subsequent transformation in ATP by adenosine kinase. In summary, we show for the first time that extracellular adenosine activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by two ways: by interacting with adenosine receptors at nanomolar/micromolar concentrations and through cellular uptake by equilibrative nucleoside transporters at millimolar concentrations. These findings provide new molecular insights on the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and new therapeutic strategies to control inflammation.
Genomic analysis of hybrid rice varieties reveals numerous superior alleles that contribute to heterosis
Authors: Huang Xuehui , Yang Shihua , Gong Junyi , Zhao Yan , Feng Qi , Gong Hao , Li Wenjun , Zhan Qilin , Cheng Benyi , Xia Junhui , Chen Neng , Hao Zhongna , Liu Kunyan , Zhu Chuanrang , Huang Tao , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Lei , Fan Danlin , Zhou Congcong , Lu Yiqi , Weng Qijun , Wang Zi-Xuan , Li Jiayang , Han Bin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExploitation of heterosis is one of the most important applications of genetics in agriculture. However, the genetic mechanisms of heterosis are only partly understood, and a global view of heterosis from a representative number of hybrid combinations is lacking. Here we develop an integrated genomic approach to construct a genome map for 1,495 elite hybrid rice varieties and their inbred parental lines. We investigate 38 agronomic traits and identify 130 associated loci. In-depth analyses of the effects of heterozygous genotypes reveal that there are only a few loci with strong overdominance effects in hybrids, but a strong correlation is observed between the yield and the number of superior alleles. While most parental inbred lines have only a small number of superior alleles, high-yielding hybrid varieties have several. We conclude that the accumulation of numerous rare superior alleles with positive dominance is an important contributor to the heterotic phenomena.
Hydrogen sulfide modulates actin-dependent auxin transport via regulating ABPs results in changing of root development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jia Honglei , Hu Yanfeng , Fan Tingting , Li Jisheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling has been considered a key regulator of plant developmental processes and defenses. In this study, we demonstrate that high levels of H2S inhibit auxin transport and lead to alterations in root system development. H2S inhibits auxin transport by altering the polar subcellular distribution of PIN proteins. The vesicle trafficking and distribution of the PIN proteins are an actin-dependent process. H2S changes the expression of several actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and decreases the occupancy percentage of F-actin bundles in the Arabidopsis roots. We observed the effects of H2S on F-actin in T-DNA insertion mutants of cpa, cpb and prf3, indicating that the effects of H2S on F-actin are partially removed in the mutant plants. Thus, these data imply that the ABPs act as downstream effectors of the H2S signal and thereby regulate the assembly and depolymerization of F-actin in root cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the existence of a tightly regulated intertwined signaling network between auxin, H2S and actin that controls root system development. In the proposed process, H2S plays an important role in modulating auxin transport by an actin-dependent method, which results in alterations in root development in Arabidopsis.
Zero Valent Iron Significantly Enhances Methane Production from Waste Activated Sludge by Improving Biochemical Methane Potential Rather Than Hydrolysis Rate
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Wang Qilin , Zhang Yaobin , Ni Bing-Jie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnaerobic digestion has been widely applied for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, methane production from anaerobic digestion of WAS is usually limited by the slow hydrolysis rate and/or poor biochemical methane potential of WAS. This work systematically studied the effects of three different types of zero valent iron (i.e., iron powder, clean scrap and rusty scrap) on methane production from WAS in anaerobic digestion, by using both experimental and mathematical approaches. The results demonstrated that both the clean and the rusty iron scrap were more effective than the iron powder for improving methane production from WAS. Model-based analysis showed that ZVI addition significantly enhanced methane production from WAS through improving the biochemical methane potential of WAS rather than its hydrolysis rate. Economic analysis indicated that the ZVI-based technology for enhancing methane production from WAS is economically attractive, particularly considering that iron scrap can be freely acquired from industrial waste. Based on these results, the ZVI-based anaerobic digestion process of this work could be easily integrated with the conventional chemical phosphorus removal process in wastewater treatment plant to form a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach, enabling maximum resource recovery/reuse while achieving enhanced methane production in wastewater treatment system.
Loss of α1,6-fucosyltransferase suppressed liver regeneration: implication of core fucose in the regulation of growth factor receptor-mediated cellular signaling
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Fukuda Tomohiko , Isaji Tomoya , Lu Jishun , Gu Wei , Lee Ho-hsun , Ohkubo Yasuhito , Kamada Yoshihiro , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Miyoshi Eiji , Gu Jianguo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCore fucosylation is an important post-translational modification, which is catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8). Increased expression of Fut8 has been shown in diverse carcinomas including hepatocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the role of Fut8 expression in liver regeneration by using the 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) model and found that Fut8 is also critical for the regeneration of liver. Interestingly, we show that the Fut8 activities were significantly increased in the beginning of PH (~4d), but returned to the basal level in the late stage of PH. Lacking Fut8 led to delayed liver recovery in mice. This retardation mainly resulted from suppressed hepatocyte proliferation, as supported not only by a decreased phosphorylation level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor in the liver of Fut8−/− mice in vivo, but by the reduced response to exogenous EGF and HGF of the primary hepatocytes isolated from the Fut8−/− mice. Furthermore, an administration of L-fucose, which can increase GDP-fucose synthesis through a salvage pathway, significantly rescued the delayed liver regeneration of Fut8+/− mice. Overall, our study provides the first direct evidence for the involvement of Fut8 in liver regeneration.
Circulating PCSK9 levels are positively correlated with NMR-assessed atherogenic dyslipidaemia in patients with high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Guardiola Montse , Plana Núria , Ibarretxe Daiana , Cabré Anna , González Marta , Ribalta Josep , Masana Lluís 
Published: February 2015

Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) positively correlates with the atherogenic dyslipidaemia characteristic of diabetic patients.
Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech: Clinical Features and Acoustic and Neurologic Correlates
Authors: Duffy Joseph R. , Strand Edythe A. , Clark Heather , Machulda Mary , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This study summarizes 2 illustrative cases of a neurodegenerative speech disorder, primary progressive apraxia of speech (AOS), as a vehicle for providing an overview of the disorder and an approach to describing and quantifying its perceptual features and some of its temporal acoustic attributes.

Method
Two individuals with primary progressive AOS underwent speech-language and neurologic evaluations on 2 occasions, ranging from 2.0 to 7.5 years postonset. Performance on several tests, tasks, and rating scales, as well as several acoustic measures, were compared over time within and between cases. Acoustic measures were compared with performance of control speakers.

Results
Both patients initially presented with AOS as the only or predominant sign of disease and without aphasia or dysarthria. The presenting features and temporal progression were captured in an AOS Rating Scale, an Articulation Error Score, and temporal acoustic measures of utterance duration, syllable rates per second, rates of speechlike alternating motion and sequential motion, and a pairwise variability index measure.

Conclusions
AOS can be the predominant manifestation of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical ratings of its attributes and acoustic measures of some of its temporal characteristics can support its diagnosis and help quantify its salient characteristics and progression over time.
Kinematic Measurements of the Vocal-Fold Displacement Waveform in Typical Children and Adult Populations: Quantification of High-Speed Endoscopic Videos
Authors: Patel Rita , Donohue Kevin D. , Unnikrishnan Harikrishnan , Kryscio Richard J. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This article presents a quantitative method for assessing instantaneous and average lateral vocal-fold motion from high-speed digital imaging, with a focus on developmental changes in vocal-fold kinematics during childhood.

Method
Vocal-fold vibrations were analyzed for 28 children (aged 5–11 years) and 28 adults (aged 21–45 years) without voice disorders. The following kinematic features were analyzed from the vocal-fold displacement waveforms: relative velocity-based features (normalized average and peak opening and closing velocities), relative acceleration-based features (normalized peak opening and closing accelerations), speed quotient, and normalized peak displacement.

Results
Children exhibited significantly larger normalized peak displacements, normalized average and peak opening velocities, normalized average and peak closing velocities, peak opening and closing accelerations, and speed quotient compared to adult women. Values of normalized average closing velocity and speed quotient were higher in children compared to adult men.

Conclusions
When compared to adult men, developing children typically have higher estimates of kinematic features related to normalized displacement and its derivatives. In most cases, the kinematic features of children are closer to those of adult men than adult women. Even though boys experience greater changes in glottal length and pitch as they mature, results indicate that girls experience greater changes in kinematic features compared to boys.
Parental Intention to Support Video Game Play by Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Finke Erinn H. , Hickerson Benjamin , McLaughlin Eileen 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine parental attitudes regarding engagement with video games by their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether attitudes vary based on ASD symptom severity.MethodOnline survey methodology was used to gather information from parents of children with ASD between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The finalized data set included 152 cases. Descriptive statistics and frequency analyses were used to examine participant demographics and video game play. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate questions on the theory of planned behavior. Regression analyses determined the predictive ability of the theory of planned behavior constructs, andttests provided additional descriptive information about between-group differences.ResultsChildren with ASD play video games. There are no significant differences in the time, intensity, or types of games played based on severity of ASD symptoms (mild vs. moderate). Parents of children with ASD had positive attitudes about video game play.ConclusionsParents of children with ASD appear to support video game play. On average, parents indicated video game play was positive for their children with ASD, particularly if they believed the games were having a positive impact on their child's development.
Will Parents Participate in and Comply With Programs and Regimens Using Xylitol for Preventing Acute Otitis Media in Their Children?
Authors: Danhauer Jeffrey L. , Johnson Carole E. , Baker Jason A. , Ryu Jung A. , Smith Rachel A. , Umeda Claire J. 
Published: February 2015

PurposeAntiadhesive properties in xylitol, a natural sugar alcohol, can help prevent acute otitis media (AOM) in children by inhibiting harmful bacteria from colonizing and adhering to oral and nasopharyngeal areas and traveling to the Eustachian tube and middle ear. This study investigated parents' willingness to use and comply with a regimen of xylitol for preventing AOM in their preschool- and kindergarten-aged children.MethodAn Internet questionnaire was designed and administered to parents of young children in preschool and kindergarten settings.ResultsMost parents were unaware of xylitol's use for AOM and would not likely comply with regimens for preventing AOM in their children; however, parents having previous knowledge of xylitol and whose children had a history of AOM would be more likely to do so.ConclusionsGenerally, most of these parents did not know about xylitol and probably would not use it to prevent ear infections. Unfortunately, these results parallel earlier findings for teachers and schools, which present obstacles for establishing ear infection prevention programs using similar protocols for young children. The results showed that considerable education and age-appropriate vehicles for administering xylitol are needed before establishing AOM prevention programs in schools and/or at home.
84 Gbit/s SiGe BiCMOS duobinary serial data link including Serialiser/Deserialiser (SERDES) and 5‐tap FFE
Authors: De Keulenaer T. , Torfs G. , Ban Y. , Pierco R. , Vaernewyck R. , Vyncke A. , Li Z. , Sinsky J.H. , Kozicki B. , Yin X. , Bauwelinck J. 
Published: February 2015

The increasing demand for bandwidth fuels the development towards high data rate electrical serial links. These links generally suffer from considerable frequency‐dependent loss, introducing the need for equalisation at 10 Gbit/s and higher. Modulation schemes with improved spectral efficiency, with respect to non‐retrun to zero (NRZ), combined with feed‐forward equalisation (FFE), allow increasing the chip‐to‐chip data rate with the drawback of a more complex, e.g. multi‐level, receiver (Rx). The use of duobinary modulation (DB) is presented to realise a high‐speed serial link. The increase in complexity of a DB Rx is limited, whereas the required channel bandwidth compared with NRZ is reduced. Furthermore, the need for equalisation when compared with PAM4 is reduced as the required roll‐off that is needed to create a duobinary modulated signal from an NRZ stream can incorporate the frequency‐dependent loss of the link.
34.3 fs pulse generation in an Er‐doped fibre laser at 201 MHz repetition rate
Authors: Li Xing , Zou Weiwen , Chen Jianping 
Published: February 2015

A 34.3 fs pulse generation dechirped from a nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE)‐based modelocked Er‐doped fibre laser at a repetition rate of 201 MHz is reported. The output power is 38.5 mW at a pump power of 700 mW.
Over 20 MHz modulation bandwidth on 250 nm emission of AlGaN micro‐LEDs
Authors: Akhter M. , Pampili P. , Zubialevich V.Z. , Eason C. , Quan Z.H. , Maaskant P.P. , Parbrook P.J. , Corbett B. 
Published: February 2015

Bandwidth measurements of deep ultra‐violet micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED) electroluminescence centred at 250 nm using a multiple quantum well aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)‐based LED structure grown on a sapphire substrate is presented. By controlled etching of the wafer surface, parabolically shaped micro‐LED structures were formed to enhance light emission through the substrate. Devices were tested on‐wafer and bandwidth measurements were carried out on individual emission peaks from the devices. A bandwidth of more than 20 MHz was achieved on the 250 nm peak.
Low‐profile wideband unidirectional patch antenna with improved feed structure
Authors: He Kai , Gong Shuxi , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2015

A low‐profile wideband unidirectional patch antenna excited by a tapered staircase‐shaped feed strip with a tuning patch is presented. A prototype with a height of 17 mm (0.156λ) was studied. The results show that an impedance bandwidth of 86.2% for |S11| < − 10 dB from 1.57 to 3.95 GHz was achieved. Stable and symmetric unidirectional radiation patterns, a low cross‐polarisation level, low back radiation and an antenna gain ranging from 6.2 to 9.7 dBi was obtained over the operating band.
Remote light source for silicon photonic transceivers in mobile fronthaul applications
Authors: Giorgi L. , D'Errico A. , Presi M. , Ciaramella E. , Testa F. 
Published: February 2015

The design and experimental characterisation of a depolarised light source for feeding a remote transceiver based on silicon photonics are presented. Since the transceiver only works in TE mode, the source is designed to deliver, over up to 10 km standard single‐mode fibre links, a continuous‐wave light with almost constant power along this polarisation direction, whatever be the random polarisation rotation because of the fibre link. The depolarised light source is realised by combining the output of two independent distributed feedback lasers, having orthogonal polarisation and controlled frequency difference. The transmission performance and stability of the remote light source are successfully tested.
Enhancing the performance of transmission line directional relaying, fault classification and fault location schemes using fuzzy inference system
Authors: Yadav Anamika , Swetapadma Aleena 
Published: February 2015

This study aims to improve the performance of transmission line directional relaying, fault classification and fault location schemes using fuzzy system. Three separate fuzzy inference system are designed for complete protection scheme for transmission line. The proposed technique is able to accurately detect the fault (both forward and reverse), locate and also identify the faulty phase(s) involved in all ten types of shunt faults that may occur in a transmission line under different fault inception angle, fault resistances and fault location. The proposed method needs current and voltage measurements available at the relay location and can perform the fault detection and classification in about a half‐cycle time. The proposed fuzzy logic based relay has less computation complexity and is better than other AI based methods such as artificial neural network, support vector machine, and decision tree (DT) etc. which require training. The percentage error in fault location is within 1 km for most of the cases. Fault location scheme has been validated using χ2 test with 5% level of significance. Proposed scheme is a setting free method and is suitable for wide range of parameters, fault detection time is less than half cycle and relay does not show any reaching mal‐operation so it is reliable, accurate and secure.
How a catch–quota balancing system can go wrong: an evaluation of the species quota transformation provisions in the Icelandic multispecies demersal fishery
Authors: Woods Pamela J. , Holland Daniel S. , Marteinsdóttir Guðrún , Punt André E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Implementation of single-species catch limits in multispecies individual quota systems is problematic because it may incentivize discarding behaviour when quotas for some species limit catch of jointly caught species. Since discarding may reduce economic benefits and bias stock assessments, mechanisms that reduce incentives to discard can be beneficial. However, these mechanisms may be detrimental in the long term if they also pose a risk of stock depletion, which can occur if they enable catch to persistently exceed the total allowable catch (TAC). This study uses a bioeconomic model to analyse potential negative consequences of species quota transformation provisions, using the Icelandic individual transferable quota system as a case study. These provisions allow quota of one species to be transformed into quota of another species at specified rates related to relative market value. The system reduces the degree that the TAC of any particular species constrains catch of other species. However, it also allows catches of some species to exceed TACs, possibly leading to stock depletion. We explore how these provisions may affect long-term sustainability of individual species and profitability of the fishery as a whole. We focus on the extreme case of perfect targeting (i.e. full control of catch composition) to increase intuition on the potential for adverse effects of this system. Various combinations of species profitability are examined to determine attributes of species that lead to greater vulnerability, as well as interactions in species utilization. Consequences of changing harvest control rules are explored, and information needed to monitor for unintended consequences of such a system in practice are discussed. Although the species transformation system is designed to increase economic efficiency, our results show that it could lead to depletion in some cases, and may make it difficult to achieve optimal management goals.