bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Hybrid Electronic Medical Record System for the Surveillance of Adverse Surgical Events and Human Error in A Developing World Surgical Service
Authors: Laing Grant , Bruce John , Skinner David , Allorto Nikki , Aldous Colleen , Thomson Sandie , Clarke Damian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction
The quantification and analysis of adverse events is essential to benchmark surgical outcomes and establish a foundation for quality improvement interventions. We developed a hybrid electronic medical record (HEMR) system for the accurate collection and integration of data into a structured morbidity and mortality (M&M) meeting.Methodology
The HEMR system was implemented on January 1, 2013. It included a mechanism to capture and classify adverse events using the ICD‐10 coding system. This was achieved by both prospective reporting by clients and by retrospective sentinel‐event‐trawling performed by administrators.ResultsFrom January 1, 2013 to March 20, 2014, 6,217 patients were admitted within the tertiary surgical service of Greys Hospital. A total of 1,314 (21.1 %) adverse events and 315 (5.1 %) deaths were recorded. The adverse events were divided into 875 “pathology‐related” morbidities and 439 “error‐related” morbidities. Pathology‐related morbidities included 725 systemic complications and 150 operative complications. Error‐related morbidities included 257 cognitive errors, 158 (2.5 %) iatrogenic injuries, and 24 (1.3 %) missed injuries. Error accounted for 439 (33 %) of the total number of adverse events. A total of 938 (71.4 %) adverse events were captured prospectively, whereas the remaining 376 (28.6 %) were captured retrospectively. The ICD‐10 coding system was found to have some limitations in its classification of adverse events.ConclusionsThe HEMR system has provided the necessary platform within our service to benchmark the incidence of adverse events. The use of the international ICD‐10 coding system has identified some limitations in its ability to classify and categorise adverse events in surgery.
Exposure to community violence and social maladjustment among urban African American youth
Authors: Carey Devin C. , Richards Maryse H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveBecause of the evidence that children living in inner city communities are chronically exposed to violence, the goal of the present study was to longitudinally explore the reciprocal and perpetuating relationship between exposure to violence and child social maladjustment.MethodParticipants were 268 African American students (M age = 11.65 years, 40% males and 60% females) from six inner city Chicago public schools in high crime neighborhoods. Data was collected longitudinally over three years on measures of demographic information, exposure to community violence, and social adjustment. It was hypothesized that high levels of exposure to community violence, would be related to higher reports of social maladjustment (both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally) and these variables would interact transactionally, leading to a greater risk of exposure to violence.ResultsThese hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and results revealed that exposure to community violence was not consistently linked to social maladjustment. Transactional results revealed that there are certain periods in development in which being more socially maladjusted may put a youth in risk for more exposure to violence.ConclusionsResults of the present study have important implications for interventions for inner‐city youth exposed to violence.
Perceived voluntary code legitimacy: Towards a theoretical framework and research agenda
Authors: Helms Wesley , Webb Kernaghan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIncreasingly within industries voluntary codes (standards) are being developed and subsequently used by firms to address social and environmental issues. On any particular issue multiple competing codes may be available for adoption by firms. Given a choice of codes, which ones will firms adopt? Building on existing institutional and economic research pertaining to voluntary codes this paper proposes a theoretical model as to why some codes are perceived as legitimate by firms and hence are widely adopted while others are not. This model proposes that, in addition to the role of the code's content, the characteristics of the adopting firm, and environmental factors, the origins of a voluntary code, including the characteristics of the developer creating it, the development process, and the opportunity for firms to engage in formalized ‘normative conversations’ regarding the code subsequent to its adoption, will influence whether potential firm adopters perceive the code as legitimating and hence decide to adopt it. Rather than code adoption simply reflecting institutional mimicry or a rational transaction by adopting firms this model suggests that both the creation and the maintenance processes surrounding codes play important roles in the perceptions of legitimacy and subsequent adoption of codes by firms.
To sell or not to sell; that is the question? Stakeholders’ supremacy in the New Zealand electricity industry
Authors: Ahmed Hafsa , Balzarova Michaela , Cohen David A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe New Zealand electricity industry is not new to change. However, decision of the New Zealand government to implement a Mixed Ownership Model have resulted in commotion. Stakeholders have reacted and one powerful stakeholder group had the potential to stop the sale of state assets. In this case study we examine how different stakeholders have responded as the future of the New Zealand electricity industry remains uncertain.
Endoscopy findings affect subjective smell rehabilitation in post-laryngectomy patients using the nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre
Authors: Saedi B , Razmpa E , Nikjo A , Ghalandarabadi M , Ghadimi H , Saidabadi G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the characteristics of post-laryngectomy patients, including nasal endoscopy findings, that affect subjective smell improvement in the post-surgical period.Methods:Thirty patients who had undergone total laryngectomy participated in at least three sessions of a smell rehabilitation programme involving the nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre, under the supervision of a speech-language pathologist. Patient characteristics and nasal endoscopy findings were evaluated.Results:Participants experienced a mean improvement in sense of smell of 61 per cent (p < 0.001) and a significant improvement in appetite (p = 0.002). Male patients and patients with a nasal discharge had a significantly better outcome.Conclusion:The nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre is an effective method for improving smell perception and appetite in laryngectomy patients. There was no relationship between nasal endoscopy findings and outcome of the nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre rehabilitation programme in our case series.
Curating popular music: authority and history, aesthetics and technology
Authors: Atton Chris 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe practice of curation in popular music may be seen as a form of historical enquiry that works in a similar way to the critical projects of the ‘new museology’. Self-curation can be employed by musicians to re-present their work as a historiographical project of popular music and as an intervention in dominant critical accounts of the musicians' creative practices. The challenge to conventional historiography can be understood as a project of archaeology in the Foucauldian sense, where discourses surrounding objects and their histories may be contested and reinvigorated through a process of recollecting/re-collecting that also recalls Walter Benjamin's challenge to historicism. Using the work of Robert Fripp and King Crimson as an example of musician-curated recordings, I argue that legal and economic control may become a basis for aesthetic control, through which histories of creativity may be rewritten. The act of recollection/re-collection becomes a route through which musicians are able to engage with critical contexts and genre formations, and to contribute actively to the material culture of their own history.
Rhythm, rhyme and reason: hip hop expressivity as political discourse
Authors: Nærland Torgeir Uberg 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUsing Norwegian hip hop as an example, this article argues that public sphere theory offers a fruitful theoretical framework in which to understand the political significance of music. Based on a musical and lyrical analysis of Lars Vaular's ‘Kem Skjøt Siv Jensen’ (Who Shot Siv Jensen) – a song that recently became the subject of extensive public political discourse in Norway – this article first highlights how the aesthetic language specific to hip hop music constitutes a form of political discourse that may be particularly effective in addressing and engaging publics. Further, the analysis brings attention to how hip hop music is characterised by phatic, rhetoric, affective and dramatic modes of communication that may be of value to democratic public discourse. Lastly, this article examines the expressive output of ‘Kem Skjøt Siv Jensen’ in light of Habermas' concept of communicative rationality. In conclusion, the article contends that the dichotomy between (‘rational’) verbal argument and (‘irrational’) musical expressivity constructed within public sphere theory is contrived and, moreover, that hip hop expressivity under certain conditions does conform to the standards of communicative rationality.
Porno Para Ricardo: rock music and the ‘obsession with identity’ in contemporary Cuba
Authors: Astley Tom 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe desire to construct and define a sense of national identity has often been regarded as something of an ‘obsession’ in Cuban political and cultural discourse. Throughout the Revolution, rock music has consistently played some part in the making of a Cuban soundscape. Yet rock has often been seen as something of a threat to an ‘autochthonous’ construction of Cuban culture, and has often been denied legitimacy as part of the Cuban soundworld. Despite the rather liminal position it occupied throughout the revolutionary period, rock music in contemporary Cuba is as ‘obsessed’ with constructing, defining and reflecting a sense of Cubanness as more ‘recognisably Cuban’ musical forms. In this paper I explore some of the negotiations and conflicts in the music of the controversial rock band, Porno Para Ricardo: negotiations between traditional musics, the state and rock music in the perennial quest to defineCubanía.
Making claims on echoes: Dranem, Cole Porter and the biguine between the Antilles, France and the US
Authors: Hill Edwin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the ways in which the biguine (or ‘beguine’) circulated as a French West Indian musical genre and as a signifier for colonial and island exoticism in non-biguine musical genres during the early to mid-20th century. I begin by suggesting the ways in which the colonial and transnational conditions of its performance have left a history of ideological tensions within popular and academic discussions about the biguine. I then suggest some of the specific ways in which the biguine's circulation functioned in the context of the interwar years and resonated with the discourse and dynamics of ‘Jazz Age Paris’, negrophilia andle tumulte noir. Finally, I offer a close reading of the ways in which French comedian-singer Dranem's ‘La Biguine’ and Cole Porter's ‘Begin the Beguine’ playfully represent the genre in Frenchchanson colonialeand popular song. Rather than viewing the biguine's conditions of performance, or the re-appropriation of the biguine in name only, as the equivalent of the complete musical colonisation and erasure of the genre, I propose that we extend biguine discussion beyond its empirical musicological elements, and lay claim on the echoes of biguine discourse as they resonate through other genres.
Spatial patterns of summer demersal fish assemblages around the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands
Authors: Llompart Facundo , Delpiani Matías , Lattuca Eugenia , Delpiani Gabriela , Cruz-Jiménez Adriana , Orlando Paula , Ceballos Santiago , Díaz De Astarloa Juan Martín , Vanella Fabián , Fernández Daniel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDuring the research programme conducted on the OVPuerto Deseadoin the summers of 2011 and 2013, 36 stations were sampled using a demersal net at depths between 53–590 m in the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands. A total 3378 fish specimens belonging to 36 species were recorded. Notothenidae was the best-represented family in species number, withLepidonotothen nudifrons,L. larseniandTrematomus scottibeing the most numerous species. Of the fish assemblages, 20% of the species were considered as dominant, 10% as common, 13% as occasional and 57% as rare. Six groups (and two sub-groups) were obtained by the ordination diagram based on geographical location: group 1=Gerlache Strait, group 2=Deception Islands, group 3=Biscoe Island, group 4=between Elephant and King George islands, group 5=northern Antarctic Peninsula, and group 6=South Shetland Islands, with sub-groups 6a shallower South Shetland Islands and 6b deeper South Shetland Islands. Sampling depth and water temperature significantly explained the spatial pattern. A latitudinal pattern of decreasing abundance from north-east to south-west was found inL.larseniand the opposite inT.scotti. The predictability of fish composition in the assemblages’ areas could be a useful tool for ecosystem-based management.
Opening up the suburbs: workmen's trains in London 1860–1914
Authors: ABERNETHY SIMON T. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT:This article examines the role played by workmen's trains in allowing working-class families to move out into London's suburbs between 1860 and 1914. While previous scholarship has argued that these trains effectively only benefited skilled artisans or a working-class elite, it is argued here that from the 1880s onwards they were increasingly used by unskilled workers in irregular employment. Furthermore, they were also used by women and children earning low wages in subsidiary employment. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that a much broader spectrum of the working class were living in the suburbs and commuting than has been previously supposed.
Foetal therapy, what works? An overview
Authors: Mellander Mats , Gardiner Helena 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe update course in foetal cardiology held by the Fetal Working Group of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology in Istanbul in May 2012 included a session on foetal cardiac therapy. In the introductory overview to this symposium, we critically examine the level of evidence supporting or refuting proposed foetal cardiac therapies including transplacental treatment of foetal tachyarrhythmias, steroid treatment in foetal atrioventricular block, and foetal aortic valvuloplasty. In summary, the evidence for the efficiency and safety of currently available foetal cardiac therapies is low, with no therapy based on a randomised controlled trial. Transplacental treatment of foetal tachycardia is generally accepted as effective and safe, based on extensive and widespread clinical experience; however, there is no consensus on which drugs are the most effective in different electrophysiological situations. Randomised studies may be able to resolve this, but this is complicated because tachyarrhythmias are relatively rare conditions, the foetus is not accessible for direct treatment, and it is the healthy mother who accepts treatment she does not need on behalf of her foetus. The indications for steroid treatment in foetal atrioventricular block and for foetal valvuloplasty are even more controversial. Although randomised trials would be desirable, the practical issues of recruiting sufficient sample sizes and controlling for variation in practice across multiple sites is not to be underestimated. Multicentre registries, analysed free of bias, may be an alternative way to improve the evidence base of foetal cardiac therapy.
Proteinuria and clinical outcome in CHD patients
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Rodríguez-González Fayna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction:CHD patients, especially those with associated hypoxaemia, usually have some level of renal function impairment, even though they are relatively young. The aim of the study was to evaluate those clinical and analytical factors that may contribute to microalbuminuria and determine the association of 24-hour proteinuria with thrombotic events and mortality.Methods:A total of 251 CHD patients were studied and demographic characteristics, blood test, and 24-hour urinalysis were analysed.Results:Of the patients, 221 were non-hypoxaemic, and 30 were hypoxaemic (oxygen saturation of 84.3±5.9%). Of the non-hypoxaemic patients, 30 (13.6%), and of the hypoxaemic patients 9 (30%), showed proteinuria (>0.15 g/24 hours) (p=0.028). Hypoxaemic CHD patients also showed higher haematocrit (%) (50.7 (34.6; 72.1) versus 42.8 (34.6; 48.9), p<0.001), serum creatinine (mg/dl) (1.07±0.2 versus 0.96±1.9, p=0.004), microalbuminuria (mg/dl/24 hours) (1.2 (0.0; 261.5) versus 0.5 (0.0; 4.37), p<0.001), proteinuria (gr/24 hours) (1.0 (0.4; 3.1) versus 0.08 (0.04; 0.52), p=0.043), and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) (417.8 (35.7; 8534.0) versus 44.9 (0.0; 670.5), p<0.001) concentrations than non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. During a median follow-up of 26.0 (16.9; 57.7) months, five patients died – one patient had 24-hour proteinuria and four patients did not (p=0.581) – and three patients had some type of thrombosis – two patients had 24-hour proteinuria and one patient did not (p=0.014). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between CHD patients with and without 24-hour proteinuria (p=0.631).Conclusion:CHD patients with proteinuria have significantly more thrombosis and more hypoxaemia than those patients without proteinuria.
The nutrient density approach to healthy eating: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nicklas Theresa A , Drewnowski Adam , O’Neil Carol E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe term ‘nutrient density’ for foods/beverages has been used loosely to promote the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans defined ‘all vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, beans and peas (legumes), and nuts and seeds that are prepared without added solid fats, added sugars, and sodium’ as nutrient dense. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans further states that nutrient-dense foods and beverages provide vitamins, minerals and other substances that may have positive health effects with relatively few (kilo)calories or kilojoules. Finally, the definition states nutrients and other beneficial substances have not been ‘diluted’ by the addition of energy from added solid fats, added sugars or by the solid fats naturally present in the food. However, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee and other scientists have failed to clearly define ‘nutrient density’ or to provide criteria or indices that specify cut-offs for foods that are nutrient dense. Today, ‘nutrient density’ is a ubiquitous term used in the scientific literature, policy documents, marketing strategies and consumer messaging. However, the term remains ambiguous without a definitive or universal definition. Classifying or ranking foods according to their nutritional content is known as nutrient profiling. The goal of the present commentary is to address the research gaps that still exist before there can be a consensus on how best to define nutrient density, highlight the situation in the USA and relate this to wider, international efforts in nutrient profiling.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J , LaValley Michael P , Noel Sabrina E , Moore Lynn L , Ness Andy R , Newby PK 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prospective relationship between changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and central adiposity in older children.DesignDietary intakes of children were obtained by 3 d food records at ages 10 and 13 years. Waist circumference (WC) and weight and height to determine BMI were measured at 10 and 13 years and total body fat mass (TBFM) at 13 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses were conducted using multivariable linear regression. Reporting errors were measured and participants were categorized as under-, plausible and over-reporters of dietary intakes.SettingCommunity-based British cohort of children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.ResultsAmong 2455 older children, increased SSB consumption from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with higher WC (standardized β=0·020, P=0·19), BMI (β=0·028, P=0·03) and TBFM (β=0·017, P=0·20) at 13 years. Effects were strengthened among plausible dietary reporters (n 1059): WC (β=0·097, P<0·001), BMI (β=0·074, P<0·001) and TBFM (β=0·065, P=0·003). The association between change in SSB and WC was weakened, but remained statistically significant after accounting for BMI (β=0·042, P=0·02) and TBFM (β=0·048, P=0·01).ConclusionsHigher consumption of SSB from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with a larger WC at age 13 years independent of differences in total adiposity. Accounting for dietary reporting errors strengthened associations. Our findings further support recommendations to limit intakes of SSB to reduce excess weight gain in children and suggest that SSB have an additional deleterious effect on central adiposity.
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Song Sujin , Lee Jung Eun , Oh Kyungwon , Shim Jeeseon , Kweon Sanghui , Paik Hee Young , Joung Hyojee 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the newly developed FFQ for the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and to estimate the measure’s calibration factors.DesignThe 109-item FFQ was administered twice, approximately 9 months apart. We also collected four seasonal 3 d dietary records (DR) as a reference method. Correlation coefficients and joint classification were computed to compare intakes of energy, thirteen nutrients and eleven food groups between the two FFQ to evaluate reproducibility. For validity, de-attenuated and energy-adjusted correlation, joint classification and Bland–Altman statistics were calculated for energy and nutrients between the first FFQ and the DR. To calibrate the FFQ, we performed a linear regression analysis in which the DR were the dependent variables and FFQ, age and sex were the independent variables.SettingSeoul metropolitan area, Republic of Korea.SubjectsA total of 126 adults aged 20–65 years.ResultsThe average correlation coefficients measuring reproducibility were 0·54 for nutrients and 0·57 for food groups. The mean correlation coefficient measuring validity was 0·40 for all nutrients between the first FFQ and the DR. On average, 75 % of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartiles, while 5 % of the participants were grossly misclassified. The mean energy and nutrient intakes estimated by the calibrated FFQ were similar to the means estimated by the DR.ConclusionsThe newly developed FFQ for assessing dietary intake in the KNHANES has acceptable reproducibility and modest validity compared with a 12 d DR collected over a 9-month period.