bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les paradoxes des « sans-terre » et de l’esclavage rural au Brésil
Authors: Théry Hervé 
Published: June 2015

Le Brésil dispose d’immenses étendues de terres encore disponibles, et pourtant le « Mouvement des paysans sans terre » (MST) y est actif et l’on y découvre tous les ans des milliers de travailleurs en situation d’esclavage. Comment expliquer ces paradoxes ? Ils tiennent à l’inégale répartition de la population et de la propriété foncière dans le pays, issue de la façon dont le Brésil a été occupé et approprié. L’article jauge d’abord le poids et la situation du secteur agraire brésilien et mesure sa dynamique territoriale, puis il analyse les profondes mutations en cours, qui changent les rapports de force et créent des conflits et crises aigus, causant de nombreux morts. Il étudie ensuite la situation des travailleurs ruraux en situation d’esclavage, que des recherches récentes ont permis – en utilisant les méthodes de la géographie – de connaître un peu mieux, pour mieux combattre ce fléau.
Bientôt on comptera des dizaines de millions de paysans sans terre en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Bouquet Christian 
Published: June 2015

Depuis qu’elle a lancé en Afrique subsaharienne la vaste entreprise dite de « sécurisation des terres » au début des années 1990, la Banque mondiale tente de substituer le droit universel de propriété individuelle de la terre à la gestion collective des parcelles paysannes, profondément inscrite dans la culture et dans les faits depuis des siècles. Bien plus qu’une simple mutation des droits, et sous couvert de parfaite légalité, ce processus va entraîner une véritable révolution agraire, mais dans le mauvais sens du terme : les petits paysans africains vont vendre leurs champs peu compétitifs aux grands groupes agro-industriels (accaparement ou land grabbing ) et se retrouver sans terre, comme en Amérique latine. Ainsi des dizaines de millions de migrants intérieurs iront grossir les bidonvilles des grandes agglomérations urbaines, accroissant l’insécurité alimentaire, sanitaire et sociale dans des pays déjà très instables. Tant que le modèle économique des grandes plantations à haute productivité n’inclura pas dans la réalité des prix de revient le coût de cette insécurité sociale, et en attendant une réponse socioéconomique globalement pertinente, les campagnes africaines, démographiquement très chargées, risquent de devenir des territoires explosifs.
Identités « dialogales ». L’être, au théâtre du genre
Authors: Janthial Dominique 
Published: June 2015

Dans ses grands textes et sa pratique, le théâtre interroge le mystère de l’identité humaine. L’homme et la femme sont-ils réduits à ne jouer qu’un ou plusieurs rôles successifs sur la scène du monde ? Les récits bibliques des origines révèlent un salut offert dans le processus de construction de l’identité. On y découvre que le sujet n’advient à lui-même que dans une interaction entre l’un et l’autre qui traverse la frontière du genre. On concèdera donc aux théories en vogue de manifester avec force qu’aucune identité véritablement humaine ne saurait se construire de manière isolée : l’autre genre est intérieur au moi.
Indissolubilité et pardon : contribution au débat sur les baptisés divorcés et remariés
Authors: Lacroix Xavier 
Published: June 2015

L’indissolubilité du mariage n’est pas le pardon. L’une et l’autre notion n’ont pas les mêmes fondements, ne posent pas les mêmes questions. Le présent article explore une voie qui affirme nettement l’indissolubilité (a priori) du mariage tout en ouvrant à la possibilité d’un acte de pardon-réconciliation (sacramentel) envers les baptisés « divorcés- remariés ».
Indissolubilité : une fenêtre ouverte vers le ciel
Authors: Mattheeuws Alain 
Published: June 2015

Comment garder à la fidélité sa valeur intrinsèque au lien conjugal et accorder l’indissolubilité avec les divers chemins du pardon ? La recherche théologique et pastorale ne peut faire abstraction de la réalité sacramentelle profonde de l’engagement des époux. Cet article parcourt quelques pistes, en prenant en compte la réalité de la grâce sacramentelle où s’exprime le lien du Christ à son épouse, l’Église, et la théologie conciliaire des affinités sacramentelles et de l’Église-sacrement.
Construction d’une pratique pastorale relative à l’accompagnement des fidèles divorcés remariés et synodes sur la famille
Authors: Berliet Gérard 
Published: June 2015

L’auteur, expert au Synode sur la famille en oct. 2014, relit son expérience d’accompagnement pastoral des divorcés remariés, soulignant l’apport du père Jacques Nourissat (1917-2014). Il indique des pistes concrètes et les points qui lui paraissent trop négligés dans la réflexion actuelle : cohérence du « Christ du baptême » avec le « Christ du mariage », dynamisme de la charité, souci des enfants.
Toric Intraocular Lens Outcomes in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Brown Reay H. , Zhong Le , Bozeman Caroline W. , Lynch Mary G. 
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:
To report the outcomes of toric intraocular lens implantation in patients with glaucoma and corneal astigmatism.

METHODS:
One hundred twenty-six eyes of 87 patients with glaucoma and corneal astigmatism that underwent cataract surgery with an AcrySof toric intraocular lens (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) implant were selected for this single-center, retrospective case series. Corrected distance visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and refractive astigmatism were measured in each eye preoperatively and postoperatively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity and toric alignment were measured postoperatively.

RESULTS:
The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.04 ± 0.08 logMAR (20/22 Snellen) for all eyes. Ninety-eight percent of all eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 or better, with 76% achieving 20/25 or better and 47% achieving 20/20. The corrected distance visual acuity for all eyes was 0.01 ± 0.03 logMAR (20/20.5 Snellen) postoperatively. The refractive cylinder improved from 1.47 ± 1.10 diopters preoperatively to 0.31 ± 0.37 diopters postoperatively. The residual refractive cylinder was 1.00 diopter or less in 97% of eyes, 0.75 diopters or less in 90% of eyes, and 0.50 diopters or less in 83% of eyes. Mean misalignment was 4.4° ± 5.1°. Intraocular pressure decreased by a mean of 2.3 ± 3.3 mm Hg following the surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Toric intraocular lenses can reliably reduce astigmatism and improve uncorrected vision in eyes with cataract and glaucoma.

[J Refract Surg.
2015;31(6):366–372.]
Intense Early Flattening After Corneal Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Santhiago Marcony R. , Giacomin Natalia T. , Medeiros Carla S. , Smadja David , Bechara Samir J. 
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:
To report two cases of significant flattening after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus and discuss its potential explanations and implications.

METHODS:
Observational case report.

RESULTS:

One year after standard CXL protocol (3 mW/cm
2
for 30 minutes and total energy of 5.4 J/cm
2
), a 28-year-old woman presented a flattening of greater than 14 diopters and a 14-year-old boy presented a flattening of 7 diopters.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although rare, a significant flattening effect may occur during the first year after CXL, probably related to intense wound healing, increase in corneal elasticity, CXL effective depth, and central cone location. These cases suggest the necessity of a patient-specific approach and a better understanding regarding the actual mechanism behind its potent effect.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(6):419–422.]
Perfiles de uso de redes sociales: estudio descriptivo con alumnado de la Universidad de Murcia
Authors: Prendes Espinosa Mª Paz , Gutiérrez Porlán Isabel , Castañeda Quintero Linda 
Published: June 2015

Las herramientas telemáticas se han convertido en parte de nuestra cotidianidad y esta afirmación se hace aún más patente si nos centramos en la población de jóvenes. Sin embargo las posibilidades que estas herramientas permiten desde un punto de vista profesional -más allá de los aspectos meramente lúdicos- siguen sin ser aprovechadas del todo, tanto por los sujetos como por las instituciones educativas. Es por ello que este trabajo analiza el uso que los estudiantes universitarios hacen de las redes sociales, intentando averiguar el tipo de uso que hacen de estas herramientas. Hemos llevado a cabo una investigación descriptiva desde una perspectiva cuantitativa apoyada en la técnica de encuesta. Hemos aplicado un cuestionario a toda la población de estudiantes de la Universidad de Murcia. Presentamos los datos obtenidos, habiendo sido respondido por 487 estudiantes de nuestra universidad en el primer semestre del año 2014. Los resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis de que las redes sociales forman parte de las herramientas básicas y habituales de comunicación entre los jóvenes de nuestra universidad y que se utilizan para fines eminentemente lúdicos, y además que las herramientas que se usan para actividades más académicas son aquellas que permiten un mayor control de la privacidad.
Patient-Adapted Treatment for Prosthetic Hip Joint Infection
Authors: Baker Richard P. , Tafin Ulrika Furustrand , Borens Olivier 
Published: June 2015

Hip joint replacement is 1 of the most successful surgical procedures of the last century and the number of replacements implanted is steadily growing. An infected hip arthroplasty is a disaster, it leads to patient suffering, surgeon's frustration and significant costs to the health system. The treatment of an infected hip replacement is challenging, healing rates can be low, functional results poor with decreased patient satisfaction. However, if a patient-adapted treatment of infected hip joints is used a success rate of above 90% can be obtained. Patient-adapted treatment is based on 5 important concepts: teamwork; understanding the biofilm; diagnostic accuracy; correct definition and classification of PJI; and patient-tailored treatment. This review presents a patient-adapted treatment strategy to prosthetic hip infection. It incorporates the best aspects of the single and staged surgical strategies and promotes the short interval philosophy for the 2-stage approach.
An Intradialytic Increase in Serum Interleukin-6 Levels is Associated with an Increased Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Lichtenberg Shelly , Korzets Asher , Zingerman Boris , Green Hefziba , Erman Arie , Gafter Uzi , Rozen-Zvi Benaya 
Published: June 2015

Background The inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases early in the inflammatory cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an increase in serum IL-6 levels during a hemodialysis (HD) session is associated with mortality. Methods 57 adult patients treated with HD for more than 1 month were prospectively studied over a 3-year follow-up period. Demographic and clinical data were collected and blood samples were drawn before and after a midweek HD session. Events of death and censoring were recorded. Results During the 3-year follow-up, 50.8% of the patients died. In univariate Cox regression analysis, an increase in IL-6 levels during HD was associated with an increased mortality (HR 1.41 per pg/ml; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.88; P = .017). In multivariate Cox models, the only independent predictors of all-cause mortality were: an increase in IL-6 levels during dialysis (HR 1.46 per pg/ml; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.98; P = .014), higher baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and older age. When predictors of an increase in serum IL-6 levels during HD were introduced into the model, mortality was still significantly associated with IL-6 elevation during dialysis (HR 1.47 per pg/ml, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.14; P = .045). Conclusions A rise in serum IL-6 levels during a single HD session is associated with a higher mortality among HD patients, independent of predialysis CRP or IL-6 levels. The results may imply the presence of an intradialytic inflammatory response that affects survival in HD patients.
Effect of 1-Piece Post and Core Fabrication Techniques on Fracture Strength
Authors: Kalyoncuoğlu Elif , Ural Çağrı , Aydemir Hikmet , Aslan Muhammed Ali , Balkaya Veysel 
Published: June 2015

Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture strengths of post and core systems produced with different fabrication techniques and materials. Methods Forty extracted human single-root premolars were used in this study. After root canal treatment, the teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each as follows: group C: metallic 1-piece posts and cores fabricated by casting, and serving as the control; group CM: metallic posts and cores fabricated with the copy milled technique; group LS: 1-piece posts and cores fabricated with the laser sintering technique; and group ZR: 1-piece zirconia posts and cores fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). The posts and cores were cemented to the teeth with adhesive resin cement; then, the specimens were mounted to acrylic resin blocks, attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and loaded with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture. Data were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results The highest fracture results were found in group ZR (315.4 ± 53.4 N), which showed significant differences from all other groups (p<0.05). The lowest test values were found in group C (230.2 ± 29.8 N). Group LS (250.9 ± 29.0 N), group CM (253.0 ± 22.4 N) and group C did not show any significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusions Custom-made zirconia 1-piece posts and cores, fabricated using the CAD-CAM procedure, can be an alternative treatment method when compared with other techniques.
Neutropenia Secondary to Exposure to Levetiracetam
Authors: Bonastre M Teresa Taberner , Muñoz Sergio Peralta , Boza Félix Muñoz , Padró Josep Gumà i 
Published: June 2015

Aims and background Brain metastases occur in about 30% of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma; seizures occur in approximately 20% of them. Antiepileptic drugs are commonly given for postoperative prophylaxis after brain or metastasis tumor surgery. The incidence of seizures following supratentorial craniotomy is estimated to be 15%-20%. Postoperative seizures are more common in the first month after cranial surgery. However, the use of antiepileptic drugs postoperatively has been investigated in randomized controlled trials. In case of seizures, the recommendations are continuing antiepileptic drugs after a 1- to 4-year seizure-free interval. This decision must weigh the risk of seizure recurrence against the possible benefits of the drug. Some antiepileptic drugs have been known to cause blood dyscrasias, including neutropenia, but this is a rare occurrence. Methods We report a case of neutropenia related to the use of levetiracetam at first exposure. After drug administration, neutropenia was detected. Additional tests were performed. Results By exclusion, it was decided to withdraw the drug, and the patient had a reversal of neutropenia. Conclusions Levetiracetam-induced neutropenia is infrequent but possible. It is an exclusion diagnosis.
Co-occurring Adverse Events Enable Early Prediction of Progression-free Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sunitinib: A Hypothesis-generating Study
Authors: Kucharz Jakub , Dumnicka Paulina , Kuzniewski Marek , Kusnierz-Cabala Beata , Herman Roman Maria , Krzemieniecki Krzysztof 
Published: June 2015

Aims and background Clinical practice shows significant differences in treatment outcomes and toxicity of sunitinib across patients. This retrospective study assessed early predictive markers for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with sunitinib in the first-line setting. Methods We evaluated 28 patients with stage IV clear cell RCC (with good or intermediate MSKCC risk prognosis) treated at the Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Cracow between 2008 and 2013. Data included demographic profiles, adverse events during first cycle of therapy, treatment delays, and treatment outcomes. Sunitinib was administered on a standard schedule (50 mg/day, 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off). PFS values were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test; we identified independent PFS predictors using multiple Cox regression models. Results PFS was significantly longer in patients who experienced at least 1 adverse event after the first cycle of sunitinib (median 17.6 months vs. 5.6; p = 0.006). Hypertension and hand-foot syndrome were significantly correlated with longer PFS (29.3 vs. 6.0 months; p = 0.002, and not reached vs. 9.8 months; p = 0.002, respectively). We observed a similar (though not significant) tendency for neutropenia (17.5 vs. 8.4 months; p = 0.055). In multiple Cox regression, hypertension was the only individual independent predictor of PFS, but the co-occurrence of any 2 or 3 sunitinib-induced adverse events also predicted longer survival. Conclusions Although small, our study suggests that hypertension and hand-foot syndrome predict longer PFS in patients with clear cell RCC treated with sunitinib. The co-occurrence of 2 or more side effects seems also a significant predictor of longer survival. Larger studies are warranted to confirm the correlation between co-occurring side effects and PFS.
Panitumumab after Progression on Cetuximab in KRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Marino Antonella , Caliolo Chiara , Sponziello Francesco , Nacci Angelo , Quaranta Annamaria , Mazzoni Enrica , Lutrino Stefania Eufemia , Rizzo Pietro , Calvani Nicola , Orlando Laura , Schiavone Paola , Fedele Palma , D'Amico Maria , Chetrì Maria Concetta , Cinefra Margherita , Ferrara Pasqualinda , Cinieri Saverio 
Published: June 2015

Aims and background Few data describe the activity of panitumumab after cetuximab-irinotecan-based regimen failure in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (WT MCRC). Methods The aim of this study is to assess if panitumumab has some activity in this setting. Results We retrospectively analyzed 25 patients with KRAS WT MCRC who received panitumumab from July 2009 to January 2013 after progression on cetuximab. All patients had previously received cetuximab and irinotecan (20 patients) or oxaliplatin (5 patients). We withdrew cetuximab for intolerance in 4 patients (16%). Twenty-one patients (84%) who had previously responded to cetuximab (overall response rate [ORR] plus stable disease ≥5 months) received panitumumab off-label after progression on cetuximab because they were strongly motivated to continue treatment without chemotherapy. The median number of cycles of panitumumab was 7 (range 1-54). Only 20 patients were evaluable for ORR (5 patients received 1-2 cycles and then died). We observed 1 (5%) partial response, 5 (25%) stable disease, median duration 9 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5 (3-28) and 8 (5-41) months, respectively. All patients were evaluable for toxicity. No patients developed anemia or neutropenia. One patient (4%) developed grade 2 thrombocytopenia, 8 patients (32%) grade 2-3 dry skin or rash, and 2 patients (8%) grade 2 nausea-vomiting (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03). Conclusions Our data, with all the limits of a retrospective analysis, show longer PFS and OS as compared to other series in the same setting, demonstrating that panitumumab has treatment effectiveness in patients with KRAS WT MCRC who progressed on prior cetuximab. Further confirmatory prospective studies with a larger series of patients are necessary.
Mechanisms of Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jimenez Lizandra , Jayakar Sangeeta K. , Ow Thomas J. , Segall Jeffrey E. 
Published: June 2015

ContextThe highly invasive properties demonstrated by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are often associated with locoregional recurrence and lymph node metastasis in patients and is a key factor leading to an expected 5-year survival rate of approximately 50% for patients with advanced disease. It is important to understand the features and mediators of HNSCC invasion so that new treatment approaches can be developed.ObjectivesTo provide an overview of the characteristics, mediators, and mechanisms of HNSCC invasion.Data SourcesA literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HNSCC invasion.ConclusionsHistologic features of HNSCC tumors can help predict prognosis and influence clinical treatment decisions. Cell surface receptors, signaling pathways, proteases, invadopodia function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, microRNAs, and tumor microenvironment are all involved in the regulation of the invasive behavior of HNSCC cells. Identifying effective HNSCC invasion inhibitors has the potential to improve outcomes for patients by reducing the rate of spread and increasing responsiveness to chemoradiation.
Effets du sentiment communautaire virtuel sur la fidélité
Authors: Ben Yahia Imène , Chaabouni Amel 
Published: June 2015

Le Sentiment Communautaire Virtuel, qui décrit la force des liens entre les membres d’une communauté virtuelle, est un concept relativement nouveau dont peu est réellement connu. L’objectif de cette recherche est double. D’abord, une échelle de mesure en français est proposée. Celle-ci repose sur le travail de Koh et Kim (2003). Ensuite, son influence sur la fidélité à l’entreprise est explorée. À partir d’une collecte de données de 342 membres, les résultats montrent que le sentiment communautaire virtuel favorise directement la fidélité. Toutefois, il affaiblit les liens entre la qualité de la relation client et la fidélité.
Régulation autonome et régulation de contrôle dans le processus d’appropriation des outils de gestion : identification de six modes d’articulation
Authors: Quemener Yann , Fimbel Eric 
Published: June 2015

Cette recherche explore les composantes de la relation « autonomie-contrôle » dans le processus d’appropriation des outils de gestion (ODG). Elle mobilise la théorie de la régulation sociale (TRS) de Reynaud (1999, 2003, 2004) et s’appuie sur une étude empirique quantitative, menée auprès des membres de la DFCG1. L’analyse des résultats via le prisme de la TRS permet d’identifier six classes contribuant à une meilleure compréhension des modes d’articulation entre régulations de contrôle et autonomes, tant du point de vue des formes de compromis que de celui des voies d’échange.
Stereo photogrammetry reveals substantial drag on cloud thermals
Authors: Romps David M. , Öktem Rusen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStereo photogrammetry, which uses two synchronized cameras to measure three‐dimensional positions, is applied here to ascertain whether drag plays a role in the ascent of cloud thermals. In particular, stereo cameras are used to measure the sizes and speeds of cloud thermals in Florida. Using the vertical momentum equation, it is found that a substantial amount of drag (a drag coefficient on the order of 1) is needed to match both the stereo‐photogrammetric data and the known buoyancy of clouds from previous in situ measurements and large‐eddy simulations. Empirical data on form drag and theoretical calculations of wave drag reveal that, for the observed Froude numbers of cloud thermals, a drag coefficient of about one is to be expected.