bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumbal and pallidal dopamine, glutamate and GABA overflow during cocaine self‐administration and its extinction in rats
Authors: Wydra Karolina , Golembiowska Krystyna , Zaniewska Magdalena , Kamińska Katarzyna , Ferraro Luca , Fuxe Kjell , Filip Małgorzata 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe investigated the changes in dopamine (DA), glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) during cocaine self‐administration in rats implanted with guide cannulae into the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. After stabilized cocaine self‐administration, separate groups of rats underwent extinction (10 days) procedure in which cocaine infusion was replaced by saline injections. With using a ‘yoked’ procedure, the effects of cocaine or its withdrawal on the level of neurotransmitters were evaluated by dual‐probe microdialysis. Repeated cocaine administration reduced basal glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, whereas it did not affect basal accumbal DA levels. Only rats that self‐administered cocaine had increased basal GABA overflow in both examined brain structures. Active or passive cocaine administration elevated extracellular accumbal DA, however, the extent of cocaine‐evoked DA level was significantly higher in rats that self‐administered cocaine while both groups of animals showed also an attenuation of GABA level in the nucleus accumbens. On day 10 of extinction training, rats previously given cocaine revealed decreases in the basal accumbal concentration of glutamate while the basal GABA levels were significantly enhanced as compared with baseline of saline‐yoked controls. Potassium depolarization delayed the reduction of the accumbal and pallidal extracellular glutamate levels in the active and passive cocaine groups. The present data indicate that changes in DA and GABA neurotransmission during maintenance phase mirror the motivational aspects of cocaine intake. Depending on acute (24 hours) or late (10 days) cocaine withdrawal, different neurotransmitter systems (i.e. glutamate or GABA) seem to be involved.
Integrating user perspectives into the development of a web‐based weight management intervention
Authors: Yardley L. , Williams S. , Bradbury K. , Garip G. , Renouf S. , Ware L. , Dorling H. , Smith E. , Little P. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to adapt the design of our weight management intervention to the needs, expectations and capabilities of potential users. In study 1, we interviewed 25 people about their experiences of weight management. The findings of these interviews were combined with findings from existing theory and research in a process of ‘intervention planning’ that informed the design of the intervention. Study 2 comprised in‐depth think‐aloud studies with a further 16 people interested in using a web‐based intervention to manage their weight, in order to elicit reactions to the intervention techniques and materials. In study 1, overly intrusive and restrictive aspects of eating self‐regulation were commonly cited reasons for failure to maintain weight management long‐term. We therefore designed an intervention with a more flexible approach to autonomous self‐regulation. This approach was broadly welcomed in study 2, but there were indications that some participants might have difficulty effectively implementing self‐regulation techniques independently. A flexible and autonomous approach to changing eating habits is attractive to potential intervention users but may be difficult for some users to implement successfully.
Novel Infrastructure for Sepsis Biomarker Research in Critically Ill Neonates and Children
Authors: Juskewitch Justin E. , Enders Felicity T. , Abraham Roshini S. , Huskins W. Charles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionSepsis biomarker research requires an infrastructure to identify septic patients efficiently and to collect and store specimens properly. We developed a novel infrastructure to study biomarkers of sepsis in children.MethodsPatients in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units were enrolled prospectively; enrollment information was stored in a secure, remotely accessible database. Researchers were notified of electronic medical record (EMR) orders for blood cultures (a surrogate for a diagnostic evaluation of suspected sepsis) by a page triggered by the order. Staff confirmed patient enrollment and remotely submitted an EMR order for collection of study specimens simultaneous with the blood culture. Specimens were processed and stored by a mobile clinical research unit.ResultsOver 2 years, 2029 patients were admitted; 138 were enrolled. Staff received pages for 95% of blood cultures collected from enrolled patients. The median time between the blood culture order and collection was 34 minutes (range 9–241). Study specimens were collected simultaneously with 41 blood cultures. The median times between specimen collection and storage for flow cytometry and cytokine analysis were 33 minutes (range 0–82) and 52 minutes (range 28–98), respectively.ConclusionThis novel infrastructure facilitated prompt, proper collection and storage of specimens for sepsis biomarker analysis. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–5
Decontextualized Knowledge, Situated Politics: The New Scientific–Local Politics of Rice Genetic Resources in Thailand
Authors: Srang‐iam Witchuda 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRecent practices of scientific–local knowledge interaction in Thailand surrounding rice genetic resources have led to a new phenomenon, which this article calls knowledge inclusion. This study explores several forms of knowledge inclusion —participatory science, localized science, scientized knowledge and hybridized knowledge— as new loci of political practices among government rice breeders, non‐governmental officials and farmers. Ethnographic studies are used to reveal that, through selectively incorporating elements of each other's knowledges, these scientific and local knowledge practitioners have drawn on the discourses of scientific–local knowledges to their political advantage. The ramifications of this new politics vary according to different political arenas in rice genetic resource management. Based on these findings, the article argues that recent practices of knowledge inclusion should not be obscured by the notion of situated knowledge, but should be understood as situated politics of decontextualized knowledge in genetic resource management. The argument reconceptualizes the new scientific–local politics as a synthesis between the power–knowledge relation and the power–structural context in which genetic resource management takes place.
Lung function changes in older people with metabolic syndrome and diabetes
Authors: Scarlata Simone , Fimognari Filippo Luca , Cesari Matteo , Giua Renato , Franco Alessandro , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Pastorelli Ruggero , Antonelli‐Incalzi Raffaele 
Published: January 2013

AimRestrictive lung dysfunction (RLD; defined as reduced forced vital capacity [FVC] in the presence of normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]/FVC ratio) is highly prevalent in the elderly, and is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contribution of diabetes, MetS and abdominal obesity in characterizing RLD in the elderly.MethodsThis was cross‐sectional analysis of 192 consecutive, community‐dwelling persons (mean age 70.8 ± 8 years). The participants were grouped according to the number of MetS components (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) and the presence of diabetes. According to the Adult Treatment Panel‐III criteria, participants with three or four components were considered to be affected by MetS. Independent correlates of RLD and obstructive lung dysfunction (OLD; FEV1/FVC < 0.70) were assessed by logistic regression models.ResultsThe mean age of the sample population was 70.8 years. FVC expressed as percent of the predicted value declined for an increasing number of MetS components (P < 0.0001), but diabetes did not account for further ventilatory decline. Consistently, MetS (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.16–7.89) and abdominal obesity (OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.17–20.3), but not diabetes, were independently associated with RLD. OLD did not worsen for an increasing number of MetS components and was only related to age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.13) and smoking (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06).ConclusionsMetS and abdominal obesity, two conditions of prediabetes, but not diabetes itself, are closely associated with RLD. These conditions might be implicated in the pathogenesis of the RLD, which is frequently observed in diabetic patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 894–900.
Comparative Evaluation of 29 Commercial Helicobacter pylori Serological Kits
Authors: Burucoa Christophe , Delchier Jean‐Charles , Courillon‐Mallet Anne , de Korwin Jean‐Dominique , Mégraud Francis , Zerbib Frank , Raymond Josette , Fauchère Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundSerology is a noninvasive diagnostic method for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. Many commercial kits are now on the market. It is necessary to assess their performances to help the user to choose the most appropriate.Material and MethodsThe performances of 29 commercial serological tests detecting antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (17 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and 12 near‐patient tests) were evaluated using sera from 108 patients prospectively selected from gastroenterology departments of five French hospital centers. These patients were infected (45) or uninfected (47) by H. pylori, or had doubtful results (16), according to the gold standard (culture or histology plus rapid urease test or urea breath test). The tests were evaluated by determining the usual parameters of performance: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. Two analyzes were performed including or not the 16 patients with doubtful infection as uninfected or not analyzed.ResultsDepending on the type of analysis, four or two of the 17 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests presented excellent results with the five performance parameters >90%. Calculation of the Youden index allowed to show significantly better performances for one of the 4. Performances of the 12 near‐patient tests were lower with accuracies <90% for all except one test.ConclusionThese data should help the users to choose the kit the most appropriate to their goals.
Blood supply of the main bile duct from the caudate artery and medial subsegmental artery of the hepatic artery: Evaluation using images obtained during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miyayama Shiro , Yamashiro Masashi , Hashimoto Masahiro , Hashimoto Nanako , Ikuno Masaya , Okumura Kenichiro , Yoshida Miki , Matsui Osamu 
Published: January 2013

AimMain bile duct necrosis develops after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) through the caudate artery (A1) and medial subsegmental artery (A4) of the hepatic artery in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bile duct branch (BD branch) from A1 and A4.MethodsWe evaluated the origin and vascular territory of the BD branch in 11 patients who underwent selective A1 and/or A4 arteriography using arteriograms, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and CT obtained 1 week after TACE. Follow‐up CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging were also evaluated.ResultsThe BD branch arose from the first branch (n = 4), the second branch (n = 1), and both the first and second branches (n = 1) of A1, and from the first branch of A4 (n = 5). It supplied the bilateral hepatic ducts and common hepatic duct (CHD) (n = 4), the right hepatic duct (RHD) and CHD (n = 2), RHD, CHD and common bile duct (n = 1), the left hepatic duct (LHD) and CHD (n = 2), and LHD alone (n = 2). Anastomosis between A1 or A4 and other branches was demonstrated in seven patients. Bile duct stricture developed in all nine patients 2–8 months after TACE of the BD branch and percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage and metallic stent placement was required in one because of jaundice.ConclusionThe BD branch arises from the proximal portion of A1 and A4 and mainly supplies the hepatic ducts and CHD.
Adaptive Zoning for Transport Mode Choice Modeling
Authors: Hagen‐Zanker Alex , Jin Ying 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdaptive zoning is a recently introduced method for improving computer modeling of spatial interactions and movements in the transport network. Unlike traditional zoning, where geographic locations are defined by one single universal plan of discrete land parcels or ‘zones’ for the study area, adaptive zoning establishes a compendium of different zone plans, each of which is applicable to one journey origin or destination only. These adaptive zone plans are structured to represent strong spatial interactions in proportionately more detail than weaker ones. In recent articles, it has been shown that adaptive zoning improves, by a large margin, the scalability of models of spatial interaction and road traffic assignment. This article confronts the method of adaptive zoning with an application of the scale and complexity for which it was intended, namely an application of mode choice modeling that at the same time requires a large study area and a fine‐grained zone system. Our hypothesis is that adaptive zoning can significantly improve the accuracy of mode choice modeling because of its enhanced sensitivity to the geographic patterns and scales of spatial interaction. We test the hypothesis by investigating the performance of three alternative models: (1) a spatially highly detailed model that is permissible to the maximum extent by available data, but requires a high computational load that is generally out of reach for rapid turnaround of policy studies; (2) a mode choice model for the same area, but reducing the computational load by 90% by using a traditional zone system consisting of fewer zones; and (3) a mode choice model that also reduces the computational load by 90%, but based on adaptive zoning instead. The tests are carried out on the basis of a case study that uses the dataset from the London Area Transport Survey. Using the first model as a benchmark, it is found that for a given computational load, the model based on adaptive zoning contains about twice the amount of information of the traditional model, and model parameters on adaptive zoning principles are more accurate by a factor of six to eight. The findings suggest that adaptive zoning has a significant potential in enhancing the accuracy of mode choice modeling at the city or city‐region scale.
Measurement of Length of Hyperdense MCA Sign in Acute Ischemic Stroke Predicts Disappearance after IV tPA
Authors: Shobha Nandavar , Bal Simerpreet , Boyko Matthew , Kroshus Eric , Menon Bijoy K. , Bhatia Rohit , Sohn Sung‐Il , Kumarpillai Gopukumar , Kosior Jayme , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe sought to assess the hypothesis that length and volumes of middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombus were associated with disappearance of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) in acute ischemic stroke.METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of acute ischemic stroke patients with MCA occlusion admitted to the University Hospital in Canada. The length and volumes of the HMCAS was measured on the plain CT by placing CTA images (CTA source images or MIP images) side‐by‐side.RESULTSSeventy‐six patients with acute stroke having HMCAS on noncontrast CT (NCCT) with M1 MCA occlusion confirmed by CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography and received tPA. The treatments received were: IV tPA 41(53.9%) and endovascular treatment ± IV tPA 35 (46.1%). In the IV tPA group, the rate of disappearance varied depending on the baseline HMCAS length. Short length HMCAS (<10 mm) disappeared in 6/7 (85.7%) (P < .001). Medium length HMCAS (10‐20 mm) disappeared in 9/24 (37.5%). No cases of long length HMCAS (>20 mm) disappeared (0/10) (P = .05). Rate of disappearance of HMCAS was found to be volume dependent (P < .002).CONCLUSIONHMCAS length >10 mm infrequently disappears with IV tPA suggesting a potential need for ancillary therapy in this group.
White Matter Alterations in Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies
Authors: Samartzis Lampros , Dima Danai , Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Kyriakopoulos Marinos 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSeveral lines of evidence suggest that the normal integration of cerebral communication may be compromised in schizophrenia, with white matter (WM) abnormalities being integral to these functional deficits. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique which has increasingly been used to study WM through quantitative indices of its structural and orientational characteristics. Identifying the WM differences early in the course of schizophrenia may assist in prevention, early diagnosis and identification of treatment targets. In that respect, the aims of the present study were to (a) systematically review WM integrity in the early stages of schizophrenia as inferred by DTI and (b) specifically examine parameters that may affect WM: age, duration of illness and treatment. In summary, DTI studies in early schizophrenia suggest that structural dysconnectivity may be already present in recent‐onset and drug‐naïve patients, as well as in individuals clinically at high risk for developing schizophrenia. Although the pattern of WM differences is not totally consistent frontal, fronto‐temporal and fronto‐limbic connections, with tracts including the superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus and corpus callosum seem to be affected. These differences may depend on the developmental stage of the subjects, the duration of illness and exposure to antipsychotic medication.
FLAIR Distal Hyperintense Vessels as a Marker of Perfusion‐Diffusion Mismatch in Acute Stroke
Authors: Haussen Diogo C. , Koch Sebastian , Saraf‐Lavi Efrat , Shang Tiesong , Dharmadhikari Sushrut , Yavagal Dileep R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDistal hyperintense vessels (DHV) on MRI FLAIR sequences in acute brain ischemia are thought to represent leptomeningeal collateral flow. We hypothesized that DHV are more common in acute stroke patients with perfusion‐diffusion weighted mismatch (PDM) than in those without.METHODSWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive anterior circulation stroke patients who underwent multimodal MRI within 8 hours of onset. We correlated DHV occurrence with the presence or absence of PDM, and analyzed DHV correlates when angiography was available.RESULTSTwenty‐one patients with PDM and 28 without were included. On univariate analysis, there was no significant difference regarding demographic variables between the two groups, with the exception of a higher frequency of atrial fibrillation (33% vs. 7%; P= .02) and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator use (57% vs 25%; P= .03) in the PDM patients. The PDM group more commonly had DHV (85% vs 25%; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, DHV presence (odds ratio, 6.01; 95% confidence‐interval, 1.08‐33.29; P= .04) and vessel occlusion site (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence‐interval, 1.21‐8.31; P= .01) were the only variables independently associated with PDM. Conventional angiography was useful correlating DHV presence and collateral flow in a subset of patients.CONCLUSIONSDHV may be a surrogate marker for PDM in patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke.
Are Coil Compaction and Aneurysmal Growth Two Distinct Etiologies Leading to Recurrence Following Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm?
Authors: Abdihalim Mohamed , Watanabe Masaki , Chaudhry Saqib A. , Jagadeesan Bharati , Suri M. Fareed K. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRecurrence following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm is attributed to either coil compaction or aneurysm growth but these processes have not been studied as distinct processes.METHODSThe pixel size of the coil mass and aneurysm sac, and the adjacent parent artery were measured and expressed as a ratio to the pixel size of the parent vessel diameter on immediate post‐procedure and follow‐up angiograms. Increase of aneurysm area or decrease in coil mass of 30% or greater on follow‐up angiogram was used to define “significant” aneurysm growth and coil compaction, respectively.RESULTSEleven patients had coil compaction, 14 patients had significant aneurysm growth and 4 patients had small aneurysm regrowth. Retreatment was performed in the 14 patients with “significant” aneurysm regrowth and 8 of the 11 patients with coil compaction at mean follow of 11 months (range 5–20 months) following the initial procedure. There were no events of new aneurysmal rupture in either 11 patients with coil compaction or 14 patients with significant aneurysm regrowth over a mean follow‐up period of 22 months (range of 9–42 months).CONCLUSIONThis is one of the first studies to differentiate coil compaction and aneurysm growth as distinct etiologies for aneurysm recurrence.
On methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa: analysis of the cellular responses to catechol oestrogen, lipid aldehyde, menadione and arachidonic acid
Authors: Aitken R. J. , Smith T. B. , Lord T. , Kuczera L. , Koppers A. J. , Naumovski N. , Connaughton H. , Baker M. A. , De Iuliis G. N. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryOxidative stress is known to have a major impact on human sperm function and, as a result, there is a need to develop sensitive methods for measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by these cells. A variety of techniques have been developed for this purpose including chemiluminescence (luminol and lucigenin), flow cytometry (MitoSOX Red, dihydroethidium, 4,5‐diaminofluorescein diacetate and 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and spectrophotometry (nitroblue tetrazolium). The relative sensitivity of these assays and their comparative ability to detect ROS generated in different subcellular compartments of human spermatozoa, have not previously been investigated. To address this issue, we have compared the performance of these assays when ROS generation was triggered with a variety of reagents including 2‐hydroxyestradiol, menadione, 4‐hydroxynonenal and arachidonic acid. The results revealed that menadione predominantly induced release of ROS into the extracellular space where these metabolites could be readily detected by luminol‐peroxidase and, to a lesser extent, 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein. However, such sensitivity to extracellular ROS meant that these assays were particularly vulnerable to interference by leucocytes. The remaining reagents predominantly elicited ROS generation by the sperm mitochondria and could be optimally detected by MitoSOX Red and DHE. Examination of spontaneous ROS generation by defective human spermatozoa revealed that MitoSOX Red was the most effective indicator of oxidative stress, thereby emphasizing the general importance of mitochondrial dysregulation in the aetiology of defective sperm function.