bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography of the macular ganglion cell layer in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 is a useful tool in the assessment for optic pathway gliomas
Authors: Arnljots Urszula , Nilsson Maria , Bolzani Roberto , Benassi Mariagrazia , Sandvik Ulrika , Munoz Daniel Martin , Blomgren Klas , Hellgren Kerstin 
Published: July 2024

Background
Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is a feared complication to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) since it can cause visual impairment in young children. The main goal of screening is to detect symptomatic OPGs that require treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been suggested as a tool for detection of neuro-retinal damage.

Aims
To investigate whether the ganglion cell layer assessed by OCT is a reliable measure to identify and detect relapses of symptomatic OPGs in children with NF1.

Methods
Children (3–6 years) with NF1, with and without known OPG and children with sporadic OPG (S-OPG) resident in the Stockholm area, were invited and followed in a prospective study during a three-year period. Brain magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) had been performed in children with symptoms of OPG. Outcome measures were VA in logMAR, visual field index (VFI), average thicknesses of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL).

Results
There were 25 children with MRI-verified OPG and 52 with NF1 without symptomatic OPG. Eyes from NF1 patients without symptoms of OPG showed significantly better results in all four analyzed parameters compared to eyes with NF1-associated OPG. Mean GC-IPL measurements seemed stable and reliable, significantly correlated to pRNFL (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.662, confidence interval (CI) = .507 to .773 p<0.001), VA (r = -0.661, CI = -7.45 to -.551, p<0.001) and VFI (r = 0.644, CI = .452 to .774, p<0.001). GC-IPL measurements were easy to obtain and acquired at considerably younger age than pRNFL (5.6±1.5 vs 6.8±1.3; p<0.001).

Conclusions
The mean GC-IPL thickness could distinguish well between eyes with OPG and eyes without symptomatic OPG in children with NF1. As thinning of GC-IPL assessed with OCT could indicate underlying OPG, it should be included in the screening protocol of children with questionable VA measurements and in particular in children with NF1.
Therapy effect on hand function after home use of a wearable assistive soft-robotic glove supporting grip strength
Authors: Kottink Anke I. R. , Nikamp Corien D. M. , Bos Foskea P. , Sluis Corry K. van der , Broek Marieke van den , Onneweer Bram , . Stolwijk-Swüste Janneke M. , Brink Sander M. , Voet Nicoline B. M. , Rietman Johan S. , Prange-Lasonder Gerdienke B. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Soft-robotic gloves with an assist-as-needed control have the ability to assist daily activities where needed, while stimulating active and highly functional movements within the user’s possibilities. Employment of hand activities with glove support might act as training for unsupported hand function.

Objective
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a grip-supporting soft-robotic glove as an assistive device at home during daily activities.

Methods
This multicentre intervention trial consisted of 3 pre-assessments (averaged if steady state = PRE), one post-assessment (POST), and one follow-up assessment (FU). Participants with chronic hand function limitations were included. Participants used the Carbonhand glove during six weeks in their home environment on their most affected hand. They were free to choose which activities to use the glove with and for how long. The primary outcome measure was grip strength, secondary outcome measures were pinch strength, hand function and glove use time.

Results
63 patients with limitations in hand function resulting from various disorders were included. Significant improvements (difference PRE-POST) were found for grip strength (+1.9 kg, CI 0.8 to 3.1; p = 0.002) and hand function, as measured by Jebson-Taylor Hand Function Test (-7.7 s, CI -13.4 to -1.9; p = 0.002) and Action Research Arm Test (+1.0 point, IQR 2.0; p≤0.001). Improvements persisted at FU. Pinch strength improved slightly in all fingers over six-week glove use, however these differences didn’t achieve significance. Participants used the soft-robotic glove for a total average of 33.0 hours (SD 35.3), equivalent to 330 min/week (SD 354) or 47 min/day (SD 51). No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusion
The present findings showed that six weeks use of a grip-supporting soft-robotic glove as an assistive device at home resulted in a therapeutic effect on unsupported grip strength and hand function. The glove use time also showed that this wearable, lightweight glove was able to assist participants with the performance of daily tasks for prolonged periods.
Real-world comparative study of drug retention of Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Saito Kenji , Yoshida Shuhei , Ebina Honoka , Miyata Masayuki , Suzuki Eiji , Kanno Takashi , Sumichika Yuya , Matsumoto Haruki , Temmoku Jumpei , Fujita Yuya , Matsuoka Naoki , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKis) are effective therapeutic agents against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, patients having RA with particular risk factors may have a higher incidence of adverse effects (AEs), including major cardiovascular events (MACE) and infections. In this multicenter cohort study, we aimed to clarify the risk factors affecting the drug retention of JAKis in patients with RA.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients with RA who received their first JAKi (tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, or filgotinib) at our institute. The clinical outcomes, including AEs, were recorded, particularly MACE and serious infections. The drug retention rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk factors affecting drug retention rates were determined using a multivariable Cox regression hazards model.

Results
Overall 184 patients with RA receiving their first use of baricitinib (57.6%), tofacitinib (23.9%), upadacitinib (12.0%), or filgotinib (6.5%) were included in this study. Fifty-six (30.4%) patients discontinued JAKi treatment owing to ineffectiveness (9.2%) or AEs, including infections (21.2%). The overall drug retention rates were significantly lower in patients treated with pan-JAKi than in those treated with JAK1 inhibitors (p = 0.03). In the Cox regression model, the presence of baseline high RA disease activity, use of glucocorticoid and treatments with pan-JAKis were associated with reduced drug retention rates of JAKis (p < 0.001, p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Pan-JAKi treated patients with high disease activity had significantly lower drug retention rates (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In a real-world setting, the drug retention rates of JAKis were reduced mainly by treatment discontinuation owing to AEs. Treatment with pan-JAKis and high baseline RA disease activity were identified as predictive factors for the discontinuation of JAKis. Lower drug retention rates were found in patients receiving pan-JAKis with high disease activity than in those without high disease activity.
Spatial variations of runoff thresholds associated with changes in land use over the period 1990-2018 in the Mediterranean side of Andalusia
Authors: Álvarez-García Héctor , Sillero-Medina José Antonio , Pérez-González María Eugenia , Ruiz-Sinoga José Damián 
Published: July 2024

The runoff threshold is the amount of precipitation that exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil and from which water begins to flow over the land surface. Its spatial variation will determine the appearance of a series of processes and risks such as soil erosion, sediment transport, water pollution or flooding, all of which are of great interest in the field of land planning and management. This article provides an update of the runoff threshold in the territorial scope of the Demarcación Hidrográfica de las Cuencas Mediterráneas Andaluzas and evaluates the spatial changes occurred between 1990 and 2018 because of land use dynamics. For this purpose, the methodology described in Regulation 5.2-IC related to surface drainage, of the Instrucción de Carreteras (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo [MOPU], 1990; Ministerio de Fomento, 2016, 2019) was used. The results obtained show very contrasting runoff threshold values, with maximums in the western sector and minimums in the eastern sector. On the other hand, the dynamics of land use changes have led to a significant increase in impermeable surfaces and sclerophyllous vegetation, which has generated a clear reduction in runoff threshold values in different areas, mainly in the eastern region. Specifically, the former forest areas, currently occupied by sclerophyllous vegetation, stand out, with a reduction of 17 mm over an area of approximately 229.1 km2. The conversion of agricultural lands into urban areas is also noteworthy, with a decrease in their retention capacity by up to 14 mm of precipitation, covering a total area of 97.1 km2.
Efectos del cambio de cobertura vegetal en la distribución potencial de la Mosquera (Croton wagneri Müll. arg.) en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Mira, Ecuador
Authors: Jácome-Aguirre Gabriel , Farinango-Guatemal Digna , León-Espinoza Mónica , Rosales-Enríquez Oscar 
Published: July 2024

La cuenca hidrográfica del río Mira, ubicada al norte de Ecuador, es considerada un mosaico socio ecológico, sin embargo, las dinámicas productivas y económicas de la zona han sido las principales actividades que han puesto en riesgo su riqueza y endemismo. El presente estudio determina la influencia del cambio de cobertura vegetal en la distribución potencial de Croton wagneri Müll. arg. (Müller, 1872), mediante imágenes satelitales Landsat de los años 2010 y 2018, que fueron usados como insumos dentro de un modelo de máxima entropía (MaxEnt) junto con variables ambientales. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que durante el periodo de estudio existieron pérdidas en la cobertura de bosque (2,26 %), vegetación arbustiva (3,24 %), vegetación xerofítica (1,72 %) y un incremento en los cultivos (3,73 %), pastizales (1,94 %) y zonas urbanas (0,38 %). Es así como los cambios de cobertura influyen significativamente en la distribución potencial de la especie, ya que las áreas con idoneidad muy alta en el periodo (2000-2010) ocupaban 0,80 % de la superficie, cubriendo parroquias como San Miguel de Ibarra, Ambuquí, Salinas, San Vicente de Pusir, Juan Montalvo y la Concepción, mientras que en el periodo (2010-2020) esta se redujo a 0,19 %. Es así como los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de implementar medidas de conservación para proteger la biodiversidad local.
Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Tidwell Jasmine , Thakkar Bianca , Nguyen Minh Thu T. , Parker Susan , Schoenfeld Adam 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine tumors are typically low-malignancy growths arising from neuroectodermal cells of neural crest origin. Neuroendocrine carcinoma, on the other hand, represents a high-malignancy form of these tumors. While rare in the liver, they often indicate metastasis when present. We present a unique case of incidentally discovered primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Initially, the patient's management was based on misleading radiological findings. However, histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, with subsequent imaging ruling out an extrahepatic source. Despite this, the patient opted against surgical intervention, resulting in a fatal outcome. This case underscores the critical importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention to avert adverse outcomes.
Novel Use of AXIOS Stent for Concurrent Management of Achalasia and Esophageal Varices in a Cirrhotic Patient
Authors: Tawfik Mark , Chain Stephanie , Elfiky Ahmed , Abureesh Mohammad , Gurala Dhineshreddy , Andrawes Sherif , El Douaihy Youssef 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
AXIOS stents create an anastomotic connection between 2 lumens, facilitating bypass of blockages and strictures as well as drainage of large fluid collections. Historically, AXIOS stents have primarily been used for draining pancreatic fluid collections, with no documented cases of their use within the esophagus until now. In this article, we present a case of a 65-year-old man with cirrhosis admitted for dysphagia. On evaluation, he was diagnosed with type 1 achalasia and concurrent esophageal varices. A novel approach was used, utilizing an AXIOS stent, to provide both symptomatic relief and targeted treatment for his varices.
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis With Hepatic Involvement and Reversible Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension
Authors: Jasti Vivek V. , Hanje Adam J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis falls within the spectrum of sarcoidosis and is characterized by features of necrosis and granulomatous vasculitis. Like classical sarcoidosis, it can affect numerous organ systems, and there is a wide range of disease activity. Few cases of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis have been reported in the liver. We present a case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis associated with noncirrhotic portal hypertension.
Rola crowdfundingu udziałowego w finansowaniu przedsiębiorstw w Polsce
Authors: Kozioł-Nadolna Katarzyna 
Published: July 2024

Dostęp do kapitału jest jednym z problemów, z jakim mają do czynienia właściciele przedsiębiorstw z sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MŚP) w Polsce. Brak kapitału może przełożyć się na pogorszenie pozycji konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa. Crowdfunding udziałowy jest w miarę nowym źródłem finansowania dla przedsiębiorstw. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie crowdfundingu w modelu udziałowym Polsce w okresie 2012–2022 i możliwości jego wykorzystania przez przedsiębiorstwa jako źródła finansowania. Badaniem objęto platformy crowdfundingowe w modelu udziałowym. W zarysie przedstawiono także rynek crowdfundingu donacyjnego. W artykule posłużono się analizą porównawczą na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu, wnioskowaniem indukcyjno-dedukcyjnym i analizą desk research. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można stwierdzić, że w okresie 2012–2016 crowdfunding udziałowy nie był źródłem pozyskiwania kapitału dla przedsiębiorstw. Sytuacja zaczęła zmieniać się w kolejnych latach. Szybki wzrost crowfundingu udziałowego (więcej platform, więcej spółek, więcej emisji) zaobserwowano w latach 2019–2021. Zmieniły się także perspektywy rozwoju crowdfundingu udziałowego, weszły w życie przepisy prawne, które nadały crowdfundingowi ramy formalne i instytucjonalne, co ma przełożyć się w znacznym stopniu na jego rozwój.
Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
Authors: Zhang Le , Bi Yan , Qi Min , Fu Xu-Wen , Wei Jia-Lu , Gan Wei , Zhu Long , Li Xiang , Bai Jin-Song 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the Hounsfield unit value of chest CT non-contrast enhanced scan in evaluating the severity of anemia in HIV-infected patients.

Methods
Patients with HIV infection combined with anemia admitted to the Kunming Third People’s Hospital were retrospectively collected and divided into mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia groups by peripheral hemoglobin (HB) content and calculated the ratio of ventricular septum density (VSD) to left ventricular density (LVD) and VSD to right ventricular density (RVD); then, the above patients were divided into the critical value group and the non-critical value group according to HB and compared the differences of LVD, RVD, VSD/LVD, and VSD/RVD in the two groups of patients.

Results
A total of 126 patients were included, with a mean age of 47.9 ± 11.1 years; 43 cases were in the mild anemia group, 59 cases were in the moderate anemia group, and 24 cases were in the severe anemia group; the differences in LVD, RVD, VSD/LVD, and VSD/RVD were significant in the three groups; VSD/LVD was an independent predictor for the diagnosis of anemia critical value in the non-critical value group vs critical value group by multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis, and the ROC was plotted using VSD/LVD with an area under the curve of 0.731.

Conclusions
The measurement of cardiac cavity density and ventricular septal density under CT plain film scan has a high accuracy in evaluating the severity of anemia in patients with HIV infection and can quickly determine the severity of HIV infection in the early stage and treat it as soon as possible.
A review of gallium phosphide nanophotonics towards omnipotent nonlinear devices
Authors: Wang Yifan , Pan Ziyu , Yan Yongxian , Yang Yatao , Zhao Wenhua , Ding Ning , Tang Xingyu , Wu Pengzhuo , Zhao Qiancheng , Li Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gallium phosphide (GaP) has been increasingly prioritized, fueled by the enormous demands in visible light applications such as biomedical and quantum technologies. GaP has garnered tremendous attention in nanophotonics thanks to its high refractive index, indirect bandgap width of 2.26 eV, lattice perfectly matched with silicon, and omnipotent and competitive nonlinear optical properties. Herein, we review the progress and application of GaP in nanoscale devices over the past two decades. The material properties of bulk GaP are first listed, followed by a summary of the methodologies for fabricating nanoscale devices and related integration techniques. Then, we digest the operational mechanisms across different GaP-based devices on their optical linear responses. Following this, we categorize the GaP nonlinear optical effects into multiple aspects including second-harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr optical frequency combs, etc. Ultimately, we present a perspective on GaP nanophotonics in the context of coexisting and competing modes of various nonlinear effects. We believe that a comprehensive overview of unique GaP will propel these nanophotonic devices toward a mature state, underpinning foundational understanding and leveraging practical innovations.
Second harmonic generation in monolithic gallium phosphide metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Muyi , Weissflog Maximilian A. , Fedorova Zlata , Barreda Angela I. , Börner Stefan , Eilenberger Falk , Pertsch Thomas , Staude Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gallium phosphide (GaP) offers unique opportunities for nonlinear and quantum nanophotonics due to its wide optical transparency range, high second-order nonlinear susceptibility, and the possibility to tailor the nonlinear response by a suitable choice of crystal orientation. However, the availability of single crystalline thin films of GaP on low index substrates, as typically required for nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces, is limited. Here we designed and experimentally realized monolithic GaP metasurfaces for enhanced and tailored second harmonic generation (SHG). We fabricated the metasurfaces from bulk (110) GaP wafers using electron-beam lithography and an optimized inductively coupled plasma etching process without a hard mask. SHG measurements showed a high NIR-to-visible conversion efficiency reaching up to 10−5, at the same level as typical values for thin-film-based metasurface designs based on III–V semiconductors. Furthermore, using nonlinear back-focal plane imaging, we showed that a significant fraction of the second harmonic was emitted into the zeroth diffraction order along the optical axis. Our results demonstrate that monolithic GaP metasurfaces are a simple and broadly accessible alternative to corresponding thin film designs for many applications in nonlinear nanophotonics.
Free electrons spin-dependent Kapitza–Dirac effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice
Authors: Tian Jiahao , Liu Fang , Xiong Xiaotong , Huang Yidong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The free electron spin dynamics in Kapitza–Dirac (KD) effect had been studied theoretically in one-dimensional standing wave of EUV to X-ray laser with extremely high intensity, which is far beyond experimental realization. Here, we propose to achieve the free electron spin-dependent KD effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice with spatial inversion symmetry breaking, and the theoretical results reveal that laser with wavelength in visible or near-IR and five orders of magnitude decreased intensity could lead to obvious spin-dependent KD effect. This work provides the way to realize the free electron spin-dependent KD effect experimentally.
X-chromosome linked genes associated with myeloid cell CNS trafficking contributes to female–male differences in the disease outcome for neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: Darchiashvili Sopiko , Kulkarni Ratuja , Tandon Ritesh , Deak Peter , Nguyen Kayla L. , Jain Pooja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Certain diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disease, affect more women than men, despite males appearing to be predisposed to infections and malignancies. X-linked genes contribute to increased MS susceptibility. Currently, an immense body of research exists that explores the complexity surrounding underlying risk factors for MS development including X-chromosome-linked inflammatory processes. Female–male disparities in disease susceptibility have been found at both the gene and chromosomal level. Genes such as CXORF21 and DDX3X can escape X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and contribute to various disease pathogenesis. Additionally, blocking immune cell entry to the central nervous system (CNS) can have a major impact on MS. Prior research on MS has shown that immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) infiltrate the CNS. Due to persistent tissue stress, these cells may induce local inflammation and autoimmunity, subsequent neurodegeneration, and both the onset and progression of MS. Chemokines are signaling proteins which regulate leukocyte trafficking to the site of injury, contributing to cell recruitment, CNS inflammation, and disease severity. Some chemokine receptors (CXCR3) are X-linked and may escape XCI. This review provides an account of the contribution of x-linked genes in MS in relation to the chemotaxis of myeloid cells into CNS and subsequent neuroinflammation. The impact of the X-chromosome on autoimmunity, including XCI and the expression of X-linked genes is evaluated. Collectively, the analyses from this review seek to advance both our understanding of MS and advocate for more patient-specific therapies.