bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stocking density and shelter type on the growth and survival of pandalid shrimp (Pandalopsis japonica Balss, 1914) juveniles
Authors: Park Kie-Young , Park Heum-Gi , Kwon O-Nam 
Published: March 2015

In this study, we determined the optimal shelter type by comparisons of growth, survival and RNA/DNA ratio of Pandalopsis japonica juveniles after rearing for 1 month and examining the effects of some shelters. The shelters used were brush-type, coloured pompons, and vinyl blankets. Attachment of individuals was highest, 117.7 ± 9.29 shrimp/900 cm2, with brush-type shelters. In rearing experiments for 1 month with four shelters and two stocking densities, carapace length (4.44-4.48 mm), wet weight (119.1-126.9 mg/ind.) and RNA/DNA ratio (0.11-0.12) were not significantly different between the treatments. Survival was highest with the brush-type shelter, but values were not significantly related to stocking density. In conclusion, the shelter type most enhancing attachment to the substrate and survival was a brush-type shelter. Regarding stocking density, survival was higher with a lower stocking density (60 juveniles/900 cm2). Thus, the quantities of reared shrimp can be enhanced by introducing shelters in aquaculture tanks.
Identification of a Novel CLRN1 Gene Mutation in Usher Syndrome Type 3
Authors: Yoshimura Hidekane , Oshikawa Chie , Nakayama Jun , Moteki Hideaki , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2015

Objective: This study examines the CLRN1 gene mutation analysis in Japanese patients who were diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 3 (USH3) on the basis of clinical findings. Methods: Genetic analysis using massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) was conducted to search for 9 causative USH genes in 2 USH3 patients. Results: We identified the novel pathogenic mutation in the CLRN1 gene in 2 patients. The missense mutation was confirmed by functional prediction software and segregation analysis. Both patients were diagnosed as having USH3 caused by the CLRN1 gene mutation. Conclusion: This is the first report of USH3 with a CLRN1 gene mutation in Asian populations. Validating the presence of clinical findings is imperative for properly differentiating among USH subtypes. In addition, mutation screening using MPS enables the identification of causative mutations in USH. The clinical diagnosis of this phenotypically variable disease can then be confirmed.
Novel ABHD12 Mutations in PHARC Patients
Authors: Yoshimura Hidekane , Hashimoto Takao , Murata Toshinori , Fukushima Kunihiro , Sugaya Akiko , Nishio Shin-ya , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2015

Objective: This study examines ABHD12 mutation analysis in 2 PHARC patients, originally thought to be Usher syndrome. Methods: The ABHD12 gene of 2 patients, who suffered from deaf-blindness and dysfunctional central and peripheral nervous systems, were sequenced. Results: We identified that both cases carried the same novel splice site mutation in the ABHD12 gene. However, 1 had epilepsy and the other had peripheral neuropathy. Based on haplotype analysis, the mutation is likely not a hot spot, but rather could be attributable to a common ancestor. Conclusion: This study shows that PHARC has phenotypic variability, even within a family, which is consistent with previous reports. Differential diagnosis of “deaf-blindness” diseases is crucial. Confirming the presence of associated symptoms is necessary for differentiating some deaf-blindness syndromes. In addition, mutation analysis is a useful tool for confirming the diagnosis.
Altered Quality of Life and Psychological Health (SCL-90-R) in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lee Yun Jae , Kang Tae Wook , Kim Kyung Rae , Jang Dong Pyo , Kim In Young , Cho Seok Hyun 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: To investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality of life (QOL) and psychological status in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2011 to May 2012 with 130 patients with septal deviation (SD) (n = 59) and CRSwNP (n = 71). All patients underwent computed tomography (CT), allergy tests, and sniffin’ stick olfactory test. Anosmia was defined by Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scores less than 16. QOL and psychological symptoms were assessed with the Sinonasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: Odor discrimination and identification scores were significantly lower in CRSwNP than in SD ( P = .008 and P = .005, respectively). In CRSwNP, identification score decreased with higher CT score ( r = −0.29, P = .014). CRSwNP with anosmia showed a decreased QOL ( P = .044), and SNOT-20 negatively correlated with TDI in severe CRSwNP (CT score ≥15, r = −0.714, P = .001). Anosmia patients had higher anxiety and phobia scores of SCL-90-R in both SD and CRSwNP. However, depression score increased only in CRSwNP with anosmia ( P = .025). Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction may have significant effects on QOL and psychological health. CRSwNP with anosmia is a distinct phenotype having mixed type of olfactory loss that might have a detrimental effect on depression.
Colonial Histories and Decolonial Dreams in the Ecuadorean Amazon
Authors: Holst Joshua 
Published: March 2015

The political changes sweeping Latin America have inspired scholars to declare a “post-neoliberal” era, some even suggesting a potential reversal of colonialism. Despite progressive political discourse in Ecuador, the indigenous movement continues to resist the state. Underlying the conflict between the indigenous and the state is a long-standing conflict between economic growth and the environment. Since Ecuador’s economy relies on Amazonian natural resources, the post-neoliberal Ecuadorean state requires colonial advances into indigenous territory to fund its progressive social programs. The opposite of colonialism is autonomy, which in the right hands can represent a true development alternative. Los cambios políticos arrasando América Latina han inspirado a los académicos a declarar una era “posneoliberal,” algunos incluso sugiriendo una inversión potencial de colonialismo. A pesar del discurso político progresista en el Ecuador, el movimiento indígena continúa resistiendo el Estado. Detrás del conflicto entre los indígenas y el Estado es un conflicto antiguo entre el crecimiento económico y el medio ambiente. Como la economía de Ecuador se basa en los recursos naturales de la Amazonía, el Estado ecuatoriano posneoliberal requiere avances coloniales en territorio indígena para financiar sus programas sociales progresistas. Lo contrario del colonialismo es la autonomía, que en las manos adecuadas puede representar una verdadera alternativa de desarrollo.
Argentina’s Trials
Authors: Kaiser Susana 
Published: March 2015

The last Argentine dictatorship (1976–1983) left a legacy of an estimated 30,000 desaparecidos (disappeared people). Three decades later, the wall of impunity is now being torn down. Trials are spreading across Argentina and hundreds of repressors are being judged. These trials are public spaces for collective memory making, political arenas for competing memory battles, and forums in which new information and perspectives about what happened under state terrorism continually emerge. Through the testimonies of survivors and the claims of the defense teams we gain new knowledge about the level and scope of the human rights abuses, how the repressive apparatus worked, the everyday “normality” of state terrorism, and society’s complicity. La última dictadura argentina (1976–1983) dejó un legado de cerca de 30,000 desaparecidos. Tres décadas más tarde, el muro de la impunidad está siendo derribado. Los juicios se multiplican por todo el país y cientos de represores están siendo enjuiciados. Estos juicios son espacios públicos para la construcción de la memoria colectiva, escenarios politicos para las batallas sobre la memoria y foros en los que continuamente surgen nuevas perspectivas e información sobre lo ocurrido bajo el terrorismo de estado. A través del testimonio de los sobrevivientes y los reclamos de los equipos de defensa legal surge un nuevo conocimiento acerca del nivel y el alcance de los abusos de los derechos humanos y sobre cómo funcionaba el aparato represivo, la “normalidad” cotidiana del terrrorismo de estado y la complicidad de la sociedad.
From Blanket Impunity to Judicial Opening(s)
Authors: Lessa Francesca , Levey Cara 
Published: March 2015

With the increasing opportunities for justice ushered in by the repeal of the Full Stop and Due Obedience laws in 2005, the struggles for memory and justice by Argentina’s H.I.J.O.S. (Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Forgetting and Silence) have shifted focus. Pre-2005, the organization used escraches (public demonstrations in which the perpetrators of human rights violations are “outed”) to respond to the problem of top-down impunity in Argentina, condemn the atrocities, and expose the legal immunity enjoyed by the perpetrators. Post-2005, it has employed escraches to bring to the fore shortcomings in the judicial sphere by widening its selection of targets. Furthermore, new activities outside and inside the courtroom reflect the new landscape of justice, celebrating the advent of justice and accompanying victims, survivors, and witnesses in this process while continuing to highlight persistent shortcomings and obstacles in the judicial sphere. Con las nuevas oportunidades para la justicia que trajo la anulación de las leyes de Punto Final y de Obediencia Debida en 2005, la organización argentina H.I.J.O.S. (Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio) ha reorientado el enfoque de sus luchas por la memoria y la justicia. Antes de 2005, la organización usaba los escraches (manifestaciones públicas en las cuales los responsables de violaciones derechos humanos son “sacados del closet” o puestos al descubierto) para responder al problema de la impunidad en la Argentina, condenar las atrocidades y poner de manifiesto la impunidad legal de la cual gozaban los autores de las violaciones. Después de 2005, los escraches ampliaron la selección de sus blancos de ataque y sirvieron para llamar la atención sobre las deficiencias del sistema judicial. Además, las nuevas actividades fuera y dentro de los tribunales reflejan el nuevo panorama de la justicia, al celebrar la llegada de la misma y acompañar a las víctimas, a los sobrevivientes y a los testigos en este proceso mientras continúan denunciando las deficiencias y los obstáculos persistentes en la esfera judicial.
A Case of Diversified Dependency
Authors: Gamso Jonas 
Published: March 2015

After decades of being primarily dependent upon the United States, Ecuador appears to be experiencing a diversification of dependency as alternative sources for trade and investment have emerged to challenge Washington. This diversification is in turn increasing Ecuador’s political autonomy, as demonstrated by the Correa administration’s policy shift away from the Washington Consensus. Diversified dependency is framing Ecuador’s policy options and may frame those of other peripheral states in the context of an increasingly multipolar global economy. Peripheral states will find themselves under pressure from multiple, often competing core states to enact certain policies; at the same time, diversification should provide them leverage in bilateral relations with each of the core states upon which they depend. Después de décadas de depender principalmente de los Estados Unidos, el Ecuador parece estar experimentando una diversificación de su dependencia a medida que surgen fuentes alternativas para el comercio y la inversión que son un desafío a Washington. Esta diversificación a su vez aumenta la autonomía política del Ecuador como lo demuestran los cambios en la política del gobierno de Correa que se sigue apartando del Consenso de Washington. Esta dependencia diversificada está enmarcando las opciones políticas del Ecuador y podría enmarcar las de otros estados periféricos en el contexto de una economía mundial más multipolar. Los estados periféricos recibirán la presión de múltiples estados del centro, con frecuencia rivales, para que aprueben determinadas políticas; a la vez, esta diversificación debería proveerles una ventaja en las relaciones bilaterales con cada uno de los estados del centro de los que dependen.
New Forms of Environmental Governance in São Paulo
Authors: Haglund LaDawn 
Published: March 2015

The democratic transition and constitutional reforms in Brazil raised hopes that critical environmental challenges and egregious social deficits could finally be remedied through law, but political and legal legacies, fragmentation among actors, and disarticulation between and within institutions and between the state and citizens have complicated this transformation. Examination of the emerging role of the courts and the law in promoting social rights and environmental protection in the water and sanitation sectors in São Paulo reveals how long-standing urban problems are reified or altered through legal means. It also shows that ongoing challenges have prompted a search for new, proactive strategies of coordination, tested old assumptions about state/society relationships, and provoked broader conversations about difficult socioeconomic and political questions at the heart of creating sustainable, just societies. A transição para a democracia, e as reformas constitucionais, no Brasil crearam a esperança de que puder-se corrigir os desafios do meio-ambiente e as deficiências sociais dos mais flagrantes por meio da lei. Infelizmente essa transformação se complicou pelas heranças políticas e legais, pelas divisões entre os atores, e a desarticulação entre as instituições e dentro delas, e o afastamento entre o Estado e os seus cidadãos. Um exame do papel emergente dos tribunais e da lei na promoção dos direitos sociais e em proteger o meio-ambiente nos setores do abastamento de água e do saneamento na Grande São Paulo mosta como se mudam ou se reificam os problemas urbanos de larga duração pelo meio do sistema legal. Revela também como os desafios consistentes estimularam a procura de novas estratégias proativas de coordinação, põem à prova as velhas assumções sobre a relações entre o Estado e a sociedade, e provocaram conversações mais amplas sobre essas questões socio-econômicas e políticas que jazem no coração do esforço de crear as sociedades sustentáveis e justas.
Impact of an Integrated Pharmacy Transitions of Care Pilot Program in an Urban Hospital
Authors: Christy Shannon , Sin Billy , Gim Suzanna 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated Pharmacy Transitions of Care (PTC) pilot program on reducing hospital readmissions and improving patient satisfaction. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study compares patients who participated in the PTC program to a control of usual hospital discharged patients during January through April 2014. The PTC program provided discharge medication review, medication counseling, delivery of medications to bedside, clinic scheduling, and follow-up phone calls. The primary outcome measure was 30-day readmissions. Secondary outcomes included emergency department (ED) visits, pharmacist interventions, and patient satisfaction. Results: Seventy patients participated in the PTC program. Compared to the control (n = 725), the study group had decreased 30-day all-cause readmissions (5.7% vs 13.8%, P = .08), 30-day readmissions for the same diagnosis (2.9% vs 8.1%, P = .18), and ED visits (18.6% vs 25%, P = .82). Twenty-five interventions during discharge medication review included discontinuation of unnecessary medications and correction of medication dose or frequency. The majority of patients were satisfied with the medication education provided (94%) and the timely delivery of prescriptions to bedside (96%). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission rates. However, pharmacists were able to make a positive impact on patient satisfaction and improve understanding of medications during discharge.
A study of whether automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment could replace manual grading steps in the English National Screening Programme
Authors: Kapetanakis Venediktos V , Rudnicka Alicja R , Liew Gerald , Owen Christopher G , Lee Aaron , Louw Vern , Bolter Louis , Anderson John , Egan Catherine , Salas-Vega Sebastian , Rudisill Caroline , Taylor Paul , Tufail Adnan 
Published: March 2015

Objectives Diabetic retinopathy screening in England involves labour intensive manual grading of digital retinal images. We present the plan for an observational retrospective study of whether automated systems could replace one or more steps of human grading. Methods Patients aged 12 or older who attended the Diabetes Eye Screening programme, Homerton University Hospital (London) between 1 June 2012 and 4 November 2013 had macular and disc-centred retinal images taken. All screening episodes were manually graded and will additionally be graded by three automated systems. Each system will process all screening episodes, and screening performance (sensitivity, false positive rate, likelihood ratios) and diagnostic accuracy (95% confidence intervals of screening performance measures) will be quantified. A sub-set of gradings will be validated by an approved Reading Centre. Additional analyses will explore the effect of altering thresholds for disease detection within each automated system on screening performance. Results 2,782/20,258 diabetes patients were referred to ophthalmologists for further examination. Prevalence of maculopathy (M1), pre-proliferative retinopathy (R2), and proliferative retinopathy (R3) were 7.9%, 3.1% and 1.2%, respectively; 4749 (23%) patients were diagnosed with background retinopathy (R1); 1.5% were considered ungradable by human graders. Conclusions Retinopathy prevalence was similar to other English diabetic screening programmes, so findings should be generalizable. The study population size will allow the detection of differences in screening performance between the human and automated grading systems as small as 2%. The project will compare performance and economic costs of manual versus automated systems.
Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
Authors: Sloot Frea , Hoeve Hans LJ , de Kroon Marlou LA , Goedegebure André , Carlton Jill , Griffiths Helen J , Simonsz Huibert J ,   for the EUS€REEN study group
Published: March 2015

Objective To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
Consultation rates in cervical screening non-attenders: opportunities to increase screening uptake in GP primary care
Authors: Lim Anita Wey Wey , Sasieni Peter 
Published: March 2015

Objective To estimate the proportion of cervical screening non-attenders presenting to general practice (GP) primary care over one year. Setting 137 practices in East London, UK. Methods Anonymous primary care records were downloaded using EMIS web (clinical software). Cervical screening nonattendance was defined as no recorded smear in the last 3.5 years (women aged 25–49) or 5.5 years (women aged 50–64). The last three consultation entries were used to estimate the proportion of non-attenders who consulted in GP over 3 months and 1 year using the Kaplan-Meier method. Newly registered women were assessed separately. Results were calculated for each practice and the median and interquartile range (IQR) across practices are presented. Heterogeneity was assessed using funnel plots. Results Of 261,810 women, 224,313 (86%) had been registered for >1 year. The proportion classified as non-attenders differed between those registered for >1 year (30%, IQR 27%--35%) and within the last year (49%, IQR 40%--57%), suggesting that screening records were less up-to-date in newly registered women. A median of 32% (IQR: 27%--37%) of non-attenders presented over 3 months, and 60% (IQR: 52%--67%) over 1 year. Funnel plots of the proportion of non-attenders presenting by the number of non-attenders showed substantial variation between practices. Conclusions Over half of cervical screening non-attenders present to their GP at least once a year, in over 75% of practices. This represents a good opportunity for improving coverage by offering an alternative form of screening, such as self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing.
“Music-ripping”: Des Pratiques Qui Provoquent la Musicologie
Authors: Rousseaux Francis , Alainbonardi Et 
Published: March 2015

Hors des placements habituels de l'informatique dans le domaine de la musique et de Ja musicologie, on constate depuis peu l'apparition de systèmes hommes-machines qui manifestent leur existence en rupture avec une tradition certes encore jeune, mais déjà operante. Car si ces systèmes singuliers opèrent incontestablement dans les champs d'expansion usuels de la musique, ne font aucune référence systèmatique aux catégories musicologiques connues. Au contraire, les expérimentations qu'ils rendent possibles inaugurent des usages où l'écoute. la composition et la transmission musicales se confondent dans un geste parfois qualifié de “music-ripping”. Nous montrerons en quoi les pratiques de “music-ripping” provoquent la musicologie traditionnelle, dont les catégories canoniques s'avèrent ici impuissantes au compte rendu. Pour ce faire, il nous faudra: expliciter un jeu de catégories minimal qui suffise à sous-tendre lesmodeles usuels de la musique assistée par ordinateur; faire de même pour les systèmes hommes-machines (anti-musicologiques?) dont l'existence nous trouble; examiner les conditions de possibilité de réduction du second ensemble catégorial au premier; conclure sur la nature du “music-ripping”.