bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Evaluation of Corneal Langerhans Cells in Dry Eye Patients§
Authors: Machetta Federica , Fea Antonio M , Actis Alessandro G , Sanctis Ugo de , Dalmasso Paola , Grignolo Federico M 
Published: October 2014

Purpose.To assess inflammatory involvement of cornea in dry eye by means of confocal microscopy, evaluating the presence and distribution of Langherans cells (LCs).Methods:98 eyes of 49 subjects were enrolled: 18 subjects affected by Sjögren Syndrome Dry Eye (SSDE), 17 with Non-Sjögren Syndrome Dry Eye (NSSDE), 14 healthy volunteeers. Dry eye symptoms, tear film, ocular surface damage and corneal confocal microscopy were analized.Results:A significant increase of LCs density was observed at sub-basal nerve plexus (SSDE = 79 cells/mm2andNDE = 22 cells/mm2;p= 0,0031) and sub-epithelial nerve plexus (SSDE = 38 cells/mm2and NDE = 3 cells/mm2;p= 0,0169) in central cornea of SSDE group. An increased number of LCs from the center to the periphery of the cornea was observed, significant only in healthy volunteers group. In dry eye patients there was an increase in LCs density in both peripheral and central cornea with a significant difference between NDE (14,66 cells/mm2) and SSDE (56,66 cells/mm2) only in central cornea (p= 0,0028). In SSDE group, mean density of LCs in central cornea results also superior to NSSDE group (29,33 cells/mm2).There was no correlation between LCs density and dry eye symptoms, tear film deficiency and ocular surface damage.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the activation of an inflammatory and immunological reaction in cornea of NSSDE and SSDE patients. Confocal microscopy can be an important diagnostic tool in evaluation and follow-up of dry eye disease.
An Investigation of Cervical Spinal Posture in Cervicogenic Headache
Authors: Farmer Peter K. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Buxton Anthony J. , Rivett Darren A. 
Published: October 2014

Background
Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is defined as headache symptoms originating from the cervical spine. Cervical dysfunction from abnormal posture has been proposed to aggravate or cause CGH, but there are conflicting reports as to whether there is an association between posture and CGH.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in cervical spinal posture, measured on radiographs, between patients with probable CGH and asymptomatic control participants.

Design
A single-blinded comparative measurement design was used.

Methods
Differences in postural variables from radiographs between participants with CGH (n=30) and age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control participants (n=30) were determined using paired t tests or the nonparametric equivalent. Postural variables were general cervical lordosis (GCL, Cobb angle C2–C7), upper cervical lordosis (UCL, sagittal alignment C2 compared with C3–C4), and C2 spinous process horizontal deviation. Logistic regression determined postural variables, increasing the likelihood of CGH.

Results
There were no significant differences in posture between the CGH and control groups. The mean GCL was 10.97 degrees (SD=7.50) for the CGH group and 7.17 degrees (SD=5.69) for the control group. The mean UCL was 11.86 degrees (SD=6.46) for the CGH group and 9.44 degrees (SD=4.28) for the control group. The mean C2 spinous process horizontal deviation was 3.00 mm (SD=1.66) for the CGH group and 2.86 mm (SD=2.04) for the control group. However, there was a significant association between greater GCL and an increased likelihood of having CGH (odds ratio=1.08; 95% confidence interval=1.001, 1.191).

Limitations
The findings are limited to an association between GCL and posture, as cause and effect cannot be determined.

Conclusions
The association between greater GCL and increased likelihood of having CGH suggests that GCL might be considered in the treatment of patients with CGH. However, as the data do not support posture as a cause of CGH, it is unknown whether addressing posture would reduce CGH.
Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder Play Active Virtual Reality Games Differently Than Children With Typical Development
Authors: Gonsalves Leandra , Campbell Amity , Jensen Lynn , Straker Leon 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundActive virtual reality gaming (AVG) may be useful for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) to practice motor skills if their movement patterns are of good quality while engaged in AVG.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine: (1) the quality of motor patterns of children with DCD participating in AVG by comparing them with children with typical development (TD) and (2) whether differences existed in the motor patterns utilized with 2 AVG types: Sony PlayStation 3 Move and Microsoft Xbox 360 Kinect.DesignThis was a quasi-experimental, biomechanical laboratory–based study.MethodsTwenty-one children with DCD, aged 10 to 12 years, and 19 age- and sex-matched children with TD played a match of table tennis on each AVG type. Hand path, wrist angle, and elbow angle were recorded using a motion analysis system. Linear mixed-model analyses were used to determine differences between DCD and TD groups and Move and Kinect AVG type for forehands and backhands.ResultsChildren with DCD utilized a slower hand path speed (backhand mean difference [MD]=1.20 m/s; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.41, 1.98); greater wrist extension (forehand MD=34.3°; 95% CI=22.6, 47.0); and greater elbow flexion (forehand MD=22.3°; 95% CI=7.4, 37.1) compared with children with TD when engaged in AVG. There also were differences in movement patterns utilized between AVG types.LimitationsOnly simple kinematic measures were compared, and no data regarding movement outcome were assessed.ConclusionsIf a therapeutic treatment goal is to promote movement quality in children with DCD, clinical judgment is required to select the most appropriate AVG type and determine whether movement quality is adequate for unsupervised practice.
Bone morphogenetic protein–associated complications in pediatric spinal fusion in the early postoperative period: an analysis of 4658 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Kelly Mick P. , Miller Joseph H. , Li Yiping , Anderson Paul A. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 has risen steadily since its approval by the FDA for use in anterior lumbar interbody fusion in 2002. The FDA has not approved the use of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in children. Age less than 18 years or lack of evidence of epiphyseal closure are considered by the manufacturer to be contraindications to BMP use. In light of this, the authors performed a query of the database of one of the nation's largest health insurance companies to determine the rate of BMP use and complications in pediatric patients undergoing spinal fusion.

Methods
The authors used the PearlDiver Technologies private payer database containing all records from United Health-Care from 2005 to 2011 to query all cases of pediatric spinal fusion with or without BMP use. A review of the literature was also performed to examine the complications associated with BMP use in pediatric spinal fusion.

Results
A total of 4658 patients underwent spinal fusion. The majority was female (65.4%), and the vast majority was age 10–19 years (94.98%) and underwent thoracolumbar fusion (93.13%). Bone morphogenetic protein was used in 1752 spinal fusions (37.61%). There was no difference in the rate of BMP use when comparing male and female patients or age 10 years or older versus less than 10 years. Anterior cervical fusions were significantly less likely to use BMP (7.3%). Complications occurred in 9.82% of patients treated with versus 9.88% of patients treated without BMP. The complication rate was nearly identical in male versus female patients and in patients older versus younger than 10 years. Comparison of systemic, wound-related, CNS, and other complications showed no difference between groups treated with and without BMP. The reoperation rate was also nearly identical.

Conclusions
Bone morphogenetic protein is used in a higher than expected percentage of pediatric spinal fusions. The rate of acute complications in these operations does not appear to be different in patients treated with versus those treated without BMP. Caution must be exercised in interpreting these data due to the many limitations of the administrative database as a data source, including the short length of follow-up.
Treatment of C-2 metastatic tumors with intraoperative transoral or transpedicular vertebroplasty and occipitocervical posterior fixation
Authors: Papp Zoltán , Marosfői Miklós , Szikora István , Banczerowski Péter 
Published: October 2014

Object
Metastatic spinal tumors of the atlantoaxial region are quite uncommon, and surgery is challenging. The aim in this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transoral or transpedicular vertebroplasty combined with posterior fixation in C-2 metastatic disease.

Methods
The authors collected from a hospital database all cases of C-2 metastatic tumor treated in the period from January 2009 to December 2012. Cases with histologically confirmed metastatic disease were included, but those with epidural tumorous propagation and signs of spinal cord compression were excluded.

Results
Five patients (3 females, 2 males) with osteolytic C-2 metastasis were eligible for this study. In 3 cases a purely posterior approach was taken to perform a dorsal open C-2 biopsy and transpedicular vertebroplasty followed by posterior occipitocervical fixation. In the other 2 cases a transoral C-2 biopsy and vertebroplasty were performed in combination with dorsal occipitocervical fixation during the same operative session. Patients were followed up with regular fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT studies as well as neurological examinations. During an average follow-up of 13 months (range 8–19 months), no surgical or neurological complications were associated with this combined approach. In all cases spinal stability and pain reduction were detected. The average pain score according to the visual analog scale was 3.5 after surgery (range 2–5); before surgery, the average score was 7 (range 6–8). The average volume of polymethylmethacrylate injected was 4 ml. The body and dens of the C-2 vertebra was filled more than 60% for each patient.

Conclusions
In this small series, simultaneous intraoperative transoral or transpedicular vertebroplasty and dorsal occipitocervical fixation proved to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with osteolytic C-2 metastatic tumors. These techniques may provide excellent pain relief and improvements in quality of life. The true value of these combined techniques should be evaluated in larger series.
Solid radiographic fusion with a nonconstrained device 5 years after cervical arthroplasty
Authors: Heary Robert F. , Goldstein Ira M. , Getto Katarzyna M. , Agarwal Nitin 
Published: October 2014

Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has been gaining popularity as a surgical alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spontaneous fusion following a CDA is uncommon. A few anecdotal reports of heterotrophic ossification around the implant sites have been noted for the BRYAN, ProDisc-C, Mobi-C, PRESTIGE, and PCM devices. All CDA fusions reported to date have been in devices that are semiconstrained.
The authors reported the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with left C-7 radiculopathy and neck pain for 10 weeks after an assault injury. There was evidence of disc herniation at the C6–7 level. He was otherwise healthy with functional scores on the visual analog scale (VAS, 4.2); neck disability index (NDI, 16); and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36; physical component summary [PSC] score 43 and mental component summary [MCS] score 47). The patient underwent total disc replacement in which the DISCOVER Artificial Cervical Disc (DePuy Spine, Inc.) was used. The patient was seen at regular follow-up visits up to 60 months. At his 60-month follow-up visit, he had complete radiographic fusion at the C6–7 level with bridging trabecular bone and no motion at the index site on dynamic imaging. He was pain free, with a VAS score of 0, NDI score of 0, and SF-36 PCS and MCS scores of 61 and 55, respectively.

Conclusions
This is the first case report that identifies the phenomenon of fusion around a nonconstrained cervical prosthesis. Despite this unwanted radiographic outcome, the patient's clinical outcome was excellent.
Bucket and straw technique to facilitate passage of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt through the distal tunneling sheath
Authors: Downes Angela E. , Vandergrift William A. , Beckman Joshua M. , Truong Devon , Tuite Gerald F. 
Published: October 2014

Placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a procedure comprising many small steps. Difficulties and delays can arise when passing the distal shunt tubing down the distal tunneling sheath during surgery. The authors of this report describe a simple technique for quickly passing the distal catheter of a VPS through the tunneler sheath, whereby the sheath is used as a fluid tube to allow the distal catheter to be drawn through the fluid tube under suction pressure. The plastic sheath that surrounds the shunt tunneler device is used as a fluid tube, or “straw,” with the proximal aperture submerged into a bucket of sterile irrigation liquid containing the distal catheter. Suction pressure is placed against the distal aperture of the tunneler, and the shunt catheter is quickly drawn through the sheath. No special equipment is required. In time trials, the bucket and straw technique took an average of 0.43 seconds, whereas traditional passage methods took 32.3 seconds.
The “bucket and straw” method for passing distal shunt tubing through the tunneler sheath is a technique that increases surgical efficiency and reduces manual contact with shunt hardware.
Pictogram-based Method of Visualizing Dietary Intake
Authors: Liu Y. , Chiu S. , Lin Y. , Chiou W. -K. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackground: Pictograms have been shown by many studies to be an effective way of conveying information. An easy-to-understand pictorial description is essential for communication of dietary intake in the computer era.Objectives: We proposed a novel approach that represents textual descriptions of dietary intake into a pictorial representation with the concept of pictograms. The computational implementation in terms of a web-based tool was investigated on how well the pictograms carry their intended message.Methods: 1) We investigated how well the pictograms are comprehended in terms of subjects’ accuracy rate and response time. In the study (n = 90), pictorial variants with three types of food images (black-and-white sketch, colored sketch, and colored photograph) were tested. 2) We also investigated how well subjects were able to select the standard food size among various food portions with the use of the tool. A comparison was made against the current standard of an educational session taught by a registered dietitian. We recruited 86 university students who were asked to select a standard size out of five different size categories. Three types of shapes were used. The bowl is the container that is widely used in the participants’ country. The pork strip was to represent foods with elliptical cross-section. The apple was used to represent a baseball-like size and shape.Results: Two pictograms with black-and-white food image were low of less than 50% in accuracy rate. The rest of the twenty-seven pictograms derived from portions of the nine foods were well understood with high accuracy rates (above 85%). Participants in using the tool without the dietitian’s session was better than participants in the dietitian education session in selecting a standard portion size of an apple (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0009 after adjustment for gender and age). The rate of correct bowl and pork strip size estimates were similar between the two conditions (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The development of pictograms could be used as a computational visual aid for comprehending and identifying dietary intake. Broader investigation is required for considering the effectiveness of the picto-grams on recall, measurement, or estimation as well as for further evaluation in the clinical practice.
qui est conservateur ?
Authors: Zaoui Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	Voici un numéro double : 124 pages, c’est évidemment trop long, et vous êtes accablés, et vous vous dites que nous vous prenons pour ce que vous n’êtes pas, des lecteurs acharnés qui n’ont que cela à faire, et vous avez sûrement raison. Mais c’est ainsi, nous n’avons pas pu couper ou supprimer des textes en plus, censément trop longs, censément trop denses. Nous sommes des conservateurs de ce qui a été fait, c’est ainsi (et que les auteurs que nous avons malgré tout un peu coupés [sic] nous pardonnent). (...)
mutation
Authors: Depaigne Anne 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	« Et jadis fus femme, de fait Homme suis, je ne ment pas, (...) je m’esveillay et fu le cas Tel qu’incontinent et sanz double Transmuée me senti toute (...) Dont m’esbahi, mais j’esprouvay Que vray homme fus devenu. » C’est ainsi que s’achève l’histoire de la transformation en homme de Christine, narratrice et héroïne du Livre de la Mutation de fortune. Le récit de cette métamorphose, écrit par Christine de Pizan (1365-1405), saisit les commentateurs les plus prudents, qui connaissent la distance (...)
LNS 16.1 Editorial
Authors: Yasukawa Keiko 
Published: October 2014

The value of pluralist views of literacy and numeracy afforded by New Literacy Studies (NLS) for researching and understanding literacy and numeracy is now well-established with the wealth of studies published, including articles in previous issues of Literacy and Numeracy Studies. NLS offers an alternative lens through which we can observe literacy and numeracy practices in places and in ways not available through the more ‘official’ and dominant lens of regulatory authorities. In this issue too, four of the authors are writing with an NLS approach and they present studies that alert us to aspects of literacy and numeracy practices that extend possibilities for further conceptual development in NLS.
The Grit in the Oyster – does an appreciation of threshold concepts in an adult literacies teaching qualification result in pearls of practice
Authors: Wallace David 
Published: October 2014

This paper draws from the experiences of a new adult literacies teaching qualification in Scotland that has been designed for experienced but unqualified adult literacies tutors. Created to respond to an approach to adult literacies as social practices (Scottish Executive 2001, 2005, Tett et al 2006), the course team employs a sociocultural pedagogy that explicitly rejects transmission and seeks to build critical reflection through learning from experience, collaborative activities and the creation of an on-line community (Ackland and Wallace 2006). Recognising that ‘moments of conflict and disjuncture may form the spaces in which learning occurs’ (Lewis, Enciso and Moje 2007:5) the paper explores whether ideas about liminality and threshold concepts (Cousin 2006:1, Land, Meyer and Smith 2008) illuminate the learning process. It concludes that engagement with these concepts may assist adult literacies tutors to develop transformed practice (Cope and Kalantzis 2003:35).
Grootschalige ordeverstoringen rondom evenementen
Authors: van Ham Tom , Adang Otto M.J. , Ferwerda Henk B. , Doreleijers Theo , Blokland Arjan 
Published: October 2014

Public disorder during recreational events: Causes, offenders and tools for policy and police practice
For several years the Netherlands has been facing group violence around football matches and other recreational events. Offenders involved may be characterized as notorious troublemakers, incidental offenders or ‘new hooligans’. Notorious troublemakers and new hooligans actively look for risky situations. Their behavior is related to both contextual factors and individual predispositions. In contrast incidental offenders get involved in public disorder only due to a combination of circumstances. (Individual) disruptive behavior during public disorder therefore has different underlying causes. A combination of a person-centered approach, early identification of potential notorious troublemakers and situational prevention measures are important pillars for future policy and police practice.
Neurociências, altas habilidades e implicações no currículo
Authors: Bartoszeck Amauri Betini 
Published: October 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X14284O presente estudo inicialmente define e descreve as sub-disciplinas que compõem as neurociências com potenciais aplicações educacionais para crianças e adultos identificados com altas habilidades. Objetiva-se com uma breve introdução morfofuncional ao sistema nervoso que serve de pano de fundo para auxiliar o entendimento da ponte teórico-experimental da relação de neurociências e altas habilidades. São salientados aspectos da base evolucionista e biológica, que conjectura-se possam estar estruturados nos circuitos neuronais, subjacentes aos padrões de realce da sensibilidade auditiva e eficiência da memória. Discute-se como se dá a codificação da informação, formas de detectar associações e analogias, exemplificando-se regiões cerebrais envolvidas no pensamento matemático. São analisadas modificações estruturais e a dinâmica da plasticidade sináptica subjacentes à “talentosidade” e como a base genética interage com as experiências do ambiente. São também discutidos métodos usuais na identificação de crianças e adolescentes com indicação de superdotação. Avaliam-se comparativamente características de crianças “prodígios” e “savants”. São listadas perguntas motivadoras e instigantes para o aprofundamento de pesquisas em neurociências que possam consolidar o conhecimento de como áreas do cérebro processam a informação de modo vantajoso no raciocínio e aprendizagem, com implicações para educadores. Conclui-se com sugestões de métodos alternativos de ensino, enfatizando-se exemplos de aplicações práticas na área de ciências biológicas.
As Teorias de Gardner e de Sternberg na Educação de Superdotados
Authors: Sodré Salgado Gama Maria Clara 
Published: October 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X14320O objetivo deste trabalho é propor duas conceituações de inteligência – diferentes porém compatíveis – na fundamentação teórica do trabalho com alunos superdotados. O texto enfatiza a existência de diferentes teóricos que, a partir de pressupostos variados, chegam a concepções diversas sobre inteligência; parte da constatação de grande variedade de conceitos, para chegar às conceituações contemporâneas de Howard Gardner e Robert Sternberg. Segundo Gardner, em sua Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas, existem pelo menos oito inteligências (linguística, logicomatemática, cinestésica, espacial, musical, interpessoal, intrapessoal e naturalista), que correspondem a diferentes sistemas simbólicos; e segundo Sternberg, em sua Teoria Triárquica de Inteligência, existem três diferentes formas de inteligência (analítica, criativa e prática). Na concepção de Gardner, as inteligências referem-se a diferentes conteúdos da cognição, enquanto que na de Sternberg, o comportamento inteligente se dá através de diferentes processos. Os diferentes processos definidos por Sternberg podem ser aplicados a cada uma das inteligências de Gardner, não só na identificação de alunos superdotados, como também no desenvolvimento de currículos especiais que de fato levem alunos superdotados ao maior desenvolvimento possível de seus potenciais.