bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and extractivism of Stryphnodendron rotundifoliumMart. in a local community of the Brazilian Savanna, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Feitosa Ivanilda Soares , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino , Monteiro Júlio Marcelino 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
This study aims to understand how the stem bark of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. is used by a rural community in the savanna of Northeastern Brazil, associated with a preliminary assessment involving plant population structure and extractivism in the main sites of collection.

Methods
A population structure study and analysis of bark extractivism was conducted in two sites: one within the forest and another at its edge. We had the intention of testing whether there are differences between these sites; since the local extractive practice is prohibited, expecting more intense extraction in the forest interior than its edge by the local fiscalization. We interviewed 120 informants who reported knowing and using the species, and also the places of extractivism. We also calculated quantitative measures of local knowledge, and the influence of gender and age on the knowledge about this species.

Results
Knowledge of the uses was evenly distributed between men and women. A total of 28 specimens were recorded at Site 1, whereas 23 were identified at Site 2, with the specimens at both sites distributed in 4-diameter classes with 4-cm intervals. Nine of the specimens found in Site 1 (32.14%) showed some sign of extraction. No specimen from Site 2 showed signs of extraction. In Site 1, the total area of stem bark removed was 43,468 cm2, and the total area of stem bark available was 33,200 cm2. In Site 2, only the available stem-bark area of 44,666 cm2 was identified because no specimens were harvested. There is no difference in knowledge of this species regarding the gender and age.

Conclusions

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is a key resource for the studied community. A large proportion of bark collected from the first diameter size class may affect the growth of these individuals and may influence the recruitment process. Perhaps, this effect may explain the absence of individuals in some size classes.
Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes sterile mycelia isolated from the Italian seagrass Posidonia oceanica based on rDNA data
Authors: Gnavi Giorgio , Ercole Enrico , Panno Luigi , Vizzini Alfredo , Varese Giovanna C 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Marine fungi represent a group of organisms extremely important from an ecological and biotechnological point of view, but often still neglected. In this work, an in-depth analysis on the systematic and the phylogenetic position of 21 sterile mycelia, isolated from Posidonia oceanica, was performed.
The molecular (ITS and LSU sequences) analysis showed that several of them are putative new species belonging to three orders in the Ascomycota phylum: Pleosporales, Capnodiales and Helotiales. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood approaches.
Seven sterile mycelia belong to the genera firstly reported from marine environments.
The bioinformatic analysis allowed to identify five sterile mycelia at species level and nine at genus level. Some of the analyzed sterile mycelia could belong to new lineages of marine fungi.
Creatine metabolism differs between mammals and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Borchel Andreas , Verleih Marieke , Rebl Alexander , Kühn Carsten , Goldammer Tom 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Creatine plays an important role in the cell as an energy buffer. As the energy system is a basic element of the organism it may possibly contribute to differences between rainbow trout strains selected for the traits growth and robustness, respectively. The cDNA sequences of creatine-related genes encoding glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT), creatine kinase muscle-type (CKM) and creatine transporter 1 (CT1, encoded by gene solute carrier family 6, member 8 (SLC6A8)) were characterized in rainbow trout. Transcripts of the respective genes were quantified in kidney, liver, brain and skeletal muscle in both trout strains that had been acclimated to different temperatures. Several differences between the compared trout strains were found as well as between temperatures indicating that the energy system may contribute to differences between both strains. In addition to that, the expression data showed clear differences between the creatine system in rainbow trout and mammals, as the spatial distribution of the enzyme-encoding gene expression was clearly different from the patterns described for mammals. In rainbow trout, creatine synthesis seems to take place to a big extent in the skeletal muscle.
Does leaving school in an economic downturn impact access to employer-sponsored health insurance?
Authors: Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Previous work documents that leaving school in an economic downturn persistently depresses career outcomes as measured by wages, earnings, and other markers of labor market success. In this study I test whether leaving school in an economic downturn influences access to employer-sponsored health insurance. Using a long panel of workers drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort, I model the likelihood that a worker has access to employer-sponsored health insurance from initial labor market entrance through mid-career. I address the potential endogeneity of time and location of school-leaving with instrumental variables. My results suggest that leaving school in an economic downturn lowers the probability of access to employer-sponsored health insurance and this disparity is statistically distinguishable from zero 18 years after school-leaving.

JEL codes

I1; I12; J3
Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal antibiotics in endophthalmitis
Authors: Radhika Medikonda , Mithal Kopal , Bawdekar Abhishek , Dave Vivek , Jindal Animesh , Relhan Nidhi , Albini Thomas , Pathengay Avinash , Flynn Harry W 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Intravitreal antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in the management of infectious endophthalmitis. Basic knowledge of the commonly used intravitreal antibiotics, which includes their pharmacokinetics, half-life, duration of action and clearance, is essential for elimination of intraocular infection without any iatrogenic adverse effect to the ocular tissue. Various drugs have been studied over the past century to achieve this goal. We performed a comprehensive review of the antibiotics which have been used for intravitreal route and the pharmacokinetic factors influencing the drug delivery and safety profile of these antibiotics. Using online resources like PubMed and Google Scholar, articles were reviewed. The articles were confined to the English language only. We present a broad overview of pharmacokinetic concepts fundamental for use of intravitreal antibiotics in endophthalmitis along with a tabulated compendium of the intravitreal antibiotics using available literature. Recent advances for increasing bioavailability of antibiotics to the posterior segment with the development of controlled drug delivery devices are also described.
Liquid base cytology in evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Keyhani Elahe , Sharghi Sasan A , Amini Rana , Sharghi Sina A , Karimlou Masoud , Moghaddam Fatemeh A , Larijani Bagher 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
Palpable thyroid nodules are present in 4-7% of general population and Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is now accepted by endocrinologists and thyroid surgeons as a safe, simple and cost effective procedure for evaluating a thyroid nodule. The obtained sample can be spread directly on slides, processed as cell block preparations or prepared as liquid base smears. Liquid base method has been recently accepted due to its shorter preparation time and better preservation of nuclear details.
The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic results of two commonly used methods: Liquid Base Preparation and Cell Block Preparation in evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Methods
The samples were taken from 100 patients with a solitary nodule or a prominent nodule on a multinodular goiter background (excluding hot nodules). The obtained samples were used to prepare conventional smears (CS), Cell Block Preparations (CBP) and Liquid Base Preparations (LBP). The slides were studied by two pathologists, considering the following parameters: Cellularity, Colloid, Lymphocytes/Plasma cells and Macrophages.

Results
87% of cases revealed informative results in LBP method while in the same group of patients only 69% of samples were informative after processing by CBP method. Sensitivity and specificity of both methods compared with the conventional smears and with each other and it is concluded that LBP is a reliable method for evaluating of a thyroid nodule. Other studies also show the same results.

Conclusion
The liquid base method should be trusted due to its easier procedure, cleaner slide background, its higher specificity and higher diagnostic yields. It can be used instead of CBP and in association with CS to increase the accuracy of evaluation of thyroid nodules.
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by inhibition of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-product formation
Authors: Dong Zhenyu , Iwata Daiju , Kitaichi Nobuyoshi , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Sato Masashi , Endo Noriko , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Ando Ryo , Fukuhara Junichi , Kinoshita Satoshi , Lennikov Anton , Kitamura Mizuki , Mizuuchi Kazuomi , Kanda Atsuhiro , Noda Kousuke , Namba Kenichi , Yamagishi Sho-Ichi , Ohno Shigeaki , Ishida Susumu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAGEs are permanently modified macromolecule derivatives that form through nonenzymatic glycation of amino groups of proteins. Glycer-AGEs are highly toxic and play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the contribution of glycer-AGEs to the pathogenesis of uveitis is unclear. In this study, we measured serum levels of glycer-AGEs in 100 patients with endogenous uveitis (22 with HLA-B27-associated uveitis, 20 with VKH disease, 14 with Behçet's disease, and 44 with sarcoidosis) and 33 healthy volunteers. We then examined the effect of the AGE inhibitor in a mouse model of human endogenous uveitis (EAU) by continuous oral administration of pyridoxamine at 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. Regardless of the etiology, serum glycer-AGE levels were significantly higher in patients with uveitis than in healthy subjects. Treatment with 400 mg/kg pyridoxamine significantly reduced the clinical and histological severity of EAU and was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum and retinal glycer-AGE levels and suppression of translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus of retinal cells. Serum glycer-AGE levels may therefore serve as a biomarker of human uveitis, as well as systemic inflammation, and may contribute to the progression of uveitis, including diabetic iritis, via the activation of NF-κB.
Systemic Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Care Ontario Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Basch Ethan , Loblaw D. Andrew , Oliver Thomas K. , Carducci Michael , Chen Ronald C. , Frame James N. , Garrels Kristina , Hotte Sebastien , Kattan Michael W. , Raghavan Derek , Saad Fred , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Walker-Dilks Cindy , Williams James , Winquist Eric , Bennett Charles L. , Wootton Ted , Rumble R. Bryan , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Virgo Katherine S. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose To provide treatment recommendations for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Care Ontario convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based recommendations informed by a systematic review of the literature. Results When added to androgen deprivation, therapies demonstrating improved survival, improved quality of life (QOL), and favorable benefit-harm balance include abiraterone acetate/prednisone, enzalutamide, and radium-223 (223Ra; for men with predominantly bone metastases). Improved survival and QOL with moderate toxicity risk are associated with docetaxel/prednisone. For asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic men, improved survival with unclear QOL impact and low toxicity are associated with sipuleucel-T. For men who previously received docetaxel, improved survival, unclear QOL impact, and moderate to high toxicity risk are associated with cabazitaxel/prednisone. Modest QOL benefit (without survival benefit) and high toxicity risk are associated with mitoxantrone/prednisone after docetaxel. No benefit and excess toxicity are observed with bevacizumab, estramustine, and sunitinib. Recommendations Continue androgen deprivation (pharmaceutical or surgical) indefinitely. Abiraterone acetate/prednisone, enzalutamide, or 223Ra should be offered; docetaxel/prednisone should also be offered, accompanied by discussion of toxicity risk. Sipuleucel-T may be offered to asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic men. For men who have experienced progression with docetaxel, cabazitaxel may be offered, accompanied by discussion of toxicity risk. Mitoxantrone may be offered, accompanied by discussion of limited clinical benefit and toxicity risk. Ketoconazole or antiandrogens (eg, bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide) may be offered, accompanied by discussion of limited known clinical benefit. Bevacizumab, estramustine, and sunitinib should not be offered. There is insufficient evidence to evaluate optimal sequences or combinations of therapies. Palliative care should be offered to all patients.
Hope and Persuasion by Physicians During Informed Consent
Authors: Miller Victoria A. , Cousino Melissa , Leek Angela C. , Kodish Eric D. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose To describe hopeful and persuasive messages communicated by physicians during informed consent for phase I trials and examine whether such communication is associated with physician and parent ratings of the likelihood of benefit, physician and parent ratings of the strength of the physician's recommendation to enroll, parent ratings of control, and parent ratings of perceived pressure. Patients and Methods Participants were children with cancer (n = 85) who were offered a phase I trial along with their parents and physicians. Informed consent conferences (ICCs) were audiotaped and coded for physician communication of hope and persuasion. Parents completed an interview (n = 60), and physicians completed a case-specific questionnaire. Results The most frequent hopeful statements related to expectations of positive outcomes and provision of options. Physicians failed to mention no treatment and/or palliative care as options in 68% of ICCs and that the disease was incurable in 85% of ICCs. When physicians mentioned no treatment and/or palliative care as options, both physicians and parents rated the physician's strength of recommendation to enroll in the trial lower. Conclusion Hopes and goals other than cure or longer life were infrequently mentioned, and a minority of physicians communicated that the disease was incurable and that no treatment and/or palliative care were options. These findings are of concern, given the low likelihood of medical benefit from phase I trials. Physicians have an important role to play in helping families develop alternative goals when no curative options remain.
Minimal Models and Abundance for Positive Characteristic Log Surfaces
Authors: Tanaka Hiromu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe discuss the birational geometry of singular surfaces in positive characteristic. More precisely, we establish the minimal model program and the abundance theorem for ℚ-factorial surfaces and for log canonical surfaces. Moreover, in the case where the base field is the algebraic closure of a finite field, we obtain the same results under much weaker assumptions.
Exploration of Giant Functional Porphyrin Arrays
Authors: Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Directly linked linear porphyrin arrays were synthesized and their photophysical properties depending on the length of the arrays were investigated. Ag(I)-promoted oxidative coupling of 5,15-diaryl Zn(II) porphyrins has proven to be effective for preparations of very long meso–meso-linked Zn(II) porphyrin arrays (Zn). A stepwise doubling strategy with strict purification at each doubling step allowed for preparation of gigantic but discrete linear arrays in an unprecedented manner. Large cyclic porphyrin wheels were also synthesized by final meso–meso coupling intramolecular cyclization. Crucial to this success are high reactivity and high regioselectivity of the Ag(I)-promoted oxidative coupling. Equally important are high solubilities of Zn despite their large molecular weights, which arise from their perpendicularly linked structures. Another advantage of this doubling strategy is a large difference in the molecular weights among reactants and products that increases as the reactant array becomes larger, allowing separation of coupling products by preparative GPC-HPLC. As an alternative protocol, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling has been extensively used for synthesis of cyclic porphyrin arrays. This strategy gave novel linear and cyclic porphyrin arrays from β-borylated porphyrins that were prepared by Ir-catalyzed borylation of meso-free porphyrins. As an interesting example, a porphyrin nanotube consisting of four porphyrins doubly bridged by 2,6-pyridinylene spacers was synthesized and revealed to possess a C60-encapsulation capability. Exciton coupling, effective energy hopping, coherent length, and excitation energy transfer of meso–meso-linked linear and cyclic porphyrin arrays are discussed. STM and AFM detections of the large porphyrin arrays are also presented. We believe that these studies expand the range of organic molecules we can manipulate and open a door to a new area of nanoscaled and sub-microscaled functional porphyrin materials.
Modern information technology as applied to the children&#180;s recreation industry in Russia
Authors: Муртазин Рафаэль , Murtazin Rafael 
Published: September 2014

The study is based on the latest achievements in the field of information technology and is devoted to their large-scale implementation in the economy, namely, in service industry and tourism in the future. The paper covers the history of creation and the availability of interactive data processing methods as basic information, an example of mapping the territory of Russia Subsurface. Subject of this study — children’s leisure industry. The author suggested using information technologies and the latest interactive techniques to create a registry of children’s health camps in the future and to develop visual interactive maps based on this database. The paper reflects the role and importance of these techniques.
The research paper shows the role and importance of information technologies in tourism of Russia. By the example of children’s leisure, as one of the most popular trends of internal tourism in Russia, it describes a mechanism for improving the registry of Russian children’s health camps. It is planned to provide information from the registry of children’s recreation camps in the form of an interactive map. The mechanism of drafting the functioning and further development of an interactive map is also represented in the research work. The researcher specified the basic criteria by which the map shall be created.
Creating a management personnel competence service-management-based model
Authors: Пуляева Валентина , Pulyaeva Valentina 
Published: September 2014

Service management is regarded by the author as a philosophy of management which dictates that
it be largely oriented at satisfying the specific needs of an individual customer through providing
a tailored value-effect service product, as well as at an organizational creation of tailored-productoffer opportunities and conditions and a linkage between the goals and benefits (profit) of the parties involved in the service-provision process (organizations, customers, other interest groups). The article deals with the issues of realization of service management principles by means of the currently much promoted and implemented HR tool as competence management. Practice demonstrates several different competence models, with the most widely employed in Russia being the 20-faceted model, it being highly adapted to the Russian specific environment. In the article, the author provides a thorough analysis of the model and proposes a 20-faceted-model-based manager competence approach, which is fully in compliance with the requirements of the new profession-knowledge- and personnel-qualification-driven quality economy. The approach as proposed by the author rests on a 24-competene model, with the competences divided into 6 groups: personal qualities; intrinsic motivation; management skills, decision-making skills; corporate knowledge management skills, interpersonal skills. The approach slows to assess and evaluate an organization’s management, as well as identify several its key levels: unacceptable for a manager, border-line case, developing management, expert management, master management.
On specific of double degree undergraduate programmes at the russian state university of tourism and service
Authors: Суслова Ирина , Suslova Irina , Смит Наталья , Smit Natalya 
Published: September 2014

Globalization, which is one of the major lines of development in the sphere of education, requires that a common education space be created and different systems of education be made compatible. Russian HE institutions improve academic mobility through developing double degree programmes in partnership with non-Russian HE institutions, which brings to the fore such issues as a joint curriculum development,
and alignment of core curricula of partner-HE-institutions though content cross-pollination. The article deals with the approaches to double degree undergraduate programme as developed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service (Moscow) for the Bachelor in Management programme and the International Business School (Budapest) for the BA in Business Studies.
In the article, the authors identify the key components of the double degree programme as jointly developed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service and the International Business School: the specifics of the curricula and syllabi of the two institutions, the procedure of credit transfer, the content of the teaching materials of the disciplines involved, formative, summative, and final academic assessments. The authors emphasize the difference in the workload of the disciplines on the curricula, and conclude that the curriculum currently employed by the International Business School is more application-driven, while that employed by the Russian State University of Tourism and Service is more theory-driven. The authors also identify discrepancies in the number of elective courses, with the Russian State University of Tourism and Service offering 14 elective courses in 2011, which is 9 courses more than in 2010 and 4 courses more than offered by the International Business School.
Vorbei die Zeiten von Gebrauchsanweisungen für Bibliotheksportale
Authors: Quitzsch Nicole 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Bibliotheken stehen heute mehr denn je vor der Frage, wie sie ihre Dienste attraktiv gestalten können. Da liegt es nahe, Nutzerinnen und Nutzer aktiv in den Designprozess einzubinden. Die Neuentwicklung des KOBV-Portals (http://portal.kobv.de), einer regionalen Suche über die Bestände der Bibliotheken in Berlin und Brandenburg, geht konsequent den Weg des Co-Designs. Nutzerinnen und Nutzer werden als Entwicklungspartner verstanden. Als Projektpartner wurde das Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (IBI) der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin gewonnen.