bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On complex Fermi curves of two-dimensional, periodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Klauer Alexander 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
The complex Bloch varieties and the associated Fermi curves
of two-dimensional periodic Schrödinger operators with
quasi-periodic boundary conditions are defined as complex analytic
varieties, the Schrödinger potentials being from the
Lorentz–Fourier space

ℱ

ℓ

∞
,
1

$\mathcal {F}\ell ^{\infty ,1}$

. Then, an asymptotic
analysis of the Fermi curves is performed. The decomposition of a
Fermi curve into a compact part, an asymptotically free part, and
thin handles, is recovered as expected. Furthermore, it is shown
that the set of potentials whose associated Fermi curve has finite
geometric genus is a dense subset
of

ℱ

ℓ

∞
,
1

$\mathcal {F}\ell ^{\infty ,1}$

. Moreover, the Fourier transforms of the
potentials are locally isomorphic to perturbed Fourier transforms
induced by the handles. Finally, an asymptotic family of parameters
describing the sizes of the handles is introduced. These parameters
are good candidates for describing parts of the space of all Fermi
curves.
On the geometrical properties of some classes of complex harmonic functions defined by analytic or coefficient conditions with complex parameter
Authors: Sibelska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In the paper there are determined, for some classes defined by coefficient or analytic conditions, the sets of complex parameter γ, for which all the functions of the appropriate family have some geometrical properties. There are also provided the examples of the mappings showing that some inclusions between classes are impossible or confirming that sets of the parameter γ cannot be extended in some cases without loss of these geometric properties.
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum (Euphorbiaceae) in some laboratory animals
Authors: Adedapo Adeolu A. , Ofuegbe Sunday O. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Phyllanthus amarus has a history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2000 years as well as a wide variety of traditional applications and has gained popularity in many continents as a herbal remedy; hence, it is being assessed for its safety potential and anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in some laboratory animals.

Methods: Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity testing was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for the extract. The anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of this plant was assessed using carrageenan-induced and histamine-induced paw edema. The analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid writhing method as well as formalin test.

Results: The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight reduced significantly, the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin, signifying its analgesic effect. These results were also comparable to those of ibuprofen, the reference drug used in this study.

Conclusions: The plant extract reduced significantly the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine as well as reducing the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing models and dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin. The results have validated the basis for the traditional use of P. amarus as a medicinal plant.
Multiparameter rodent chronic model for complex evaluation of alcoholism-mediated metabolic violations
Authors: Shayakhmetova Ganna M. , Bondarenko Larysa B. , Kovalenko Valentina M. , Kharchenko Olga I. , Bohun Larisa I. , Omelchenko Yuliya O. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background: Despite of the wide spectrum of alcoholism experimental models, the majority of them are very specialized on the short list of investigated parameters and could not provide reproduction of complex metabolic changes in the rats. The aim of the present study was to estimate whether rats selected by high alcohol preference, allowed free access to 15% alcohol for 150 days, develop simultaneous multilevel disturbances of cell macromolecules structure, metabolism and oxidative/nitrosative stress.

Methods: Wistar albino male rats were divided into groups: I – rats selected by preferences to alcohol were used for chronic alcoholism modeling by replacing water with 15% ethanol (150 days), II – control. Contents of amino acids in serum, liver mRNA CYP2E1 and CYP3A2 expression, DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation levels, the reduced glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, iNOS and cNOS activities were evaluated.

Results: In serum of ethanol-treated rats contents of aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine and valine were decreased whereas contents of histidine, methionine and phenylalanine were increased. Liver CYP2E1, CYP3A2 mRNA expression, DNA fragmentation levels significantly elevated. Level of cNOS in ethanol-treated rat’s hepatocytes was within the normal limits, whereas iNOS activity was raised 1.6 times. Liver pro- and anti-oxidant system alterations were shown.

Conclusions: Rats’ chronic 15% alcohol consumption (150 days) led solely to complex metabolomic changes at different levels, which simultaneously characterized cell macromolecules structure, metabolism, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Rodent model of chronic alcoholism in the proposed modification could be an adequate and reasonably priced tool for further preclinical development and testing of pharmacotherapeutic agents.
Involvement of opioidergic and serotonergic systems in the analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis L. stem extract in mice
Authors: Nie Tan Wee , Shukkoor Mohamed Saleem Abdul , Nair Rajesh Sreedharan , Amiruddin Fatimah Khursiah Binti , Ramasamy Shamala 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) is used as a bonesetter and as an analgesic. However, the bioactive fractions and the pharmacological mechanism of analgesic activity are not clearly known. Hence, this study aimed to characterize the analgesic activity profile of successively extracted fractions of C. quadrangularis and the pharmacological mechanism of analgesic activity in mice.

Methods: Dried C. quadrangularis stem was extracted successively with chloroform and methanol. The dried extracts were separately administered to mice intraperitoneally at the doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg. The mice were tested separately in hot plate and tail flick tests. The mechanism of analgesic activity of chloroform extract was explored in the hot plate test at the dose of 300 mg/kg after pretreatment with naloxone, p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (pCPA) and phentolamine. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test.

Results: Chloroform extract showed significant (p<0.05) analgesic effect at the doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg in hot plate and tail flick tests. Methanol extract showed significant (p<0.05) analgesic effect at the dose of 300 mg/kg in hot plate and tail flick tests. Analgesic activity was not blocked (p<0.05) in the group pretreated with phentolamine but blocked in the groups pretreated with naloxone and pCPA.

Conclusions: The chloroform extract was found to be more potent than methanol extract in inducing analgesic effect in mice, and the analgesic activity may be mediated through opioidergic and serotonergic pathways.
Words Can Be Deceiving: A Review of Variation among Legally Effective Medical Marijuana Laws in the United States
Authors: Pacula Rosalie L. , Boustead Anne E. , Hunt Priscillia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhen voters in two US states approved the recreational use of marijuana in 2012, public debates for how best to promote and protect public health and safety started drawing implications from states’ medical marijuana laws (MMLs). However, many of the discussions were simplified to the notion that states either have an MML or do not; little reference was made to the fact that legal provisions differ across states. This study seeks to clarify the characteristics of state MMLs in place since 1990 that are most relevant to consumers/patients and categorizes those aspects most likely to affect the prevalence of use, and consequently the intensity of public health and welfare effects. Evidence shows treating MMLs as homogeneous across states is misleading and does not reflect the reality of MML making. This variation likely has implications for use and health outcomes, and thus states’ public health.
Monoids of O-type, subword reversing, and ordered groups
Authors: Dehornoy Patrick 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
We describe a simple scheme for constructing finitely generated monoids in which left-divisibility is a linear ordering, and for practically investigating these monoids. The approach is based on subword reversing, a general method of combinatorial group theory, and connected with Garside theory, here in a non-Noetherian context. As an application we describe several families of ordered groups whose space of left-invariant orderings has an isolated point, including torus knot groups and some of their amalgamated products.
Stability estimates for Burgers-type equations backward in time
Authors: Hào Dinh Nho , Duc Nguyen Van , Thang Nguyen Van 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We prove stability estimates of Hölder-type for Burgers-type equations
ut
= (a(x,t)ux
)
x
- d(x,t)u
ux
+ f(x,t), (x,t) ∈ (0,1)×(0,T), u(0,t) = g
0(t), u(1,t) = g
1(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ T,
backward in time, with a(x,t), d(x,t), g
0(t), g
1(t), f(x,t) being smooth
functions, under relatively weak conditions on the solutions.
Adaptive Traffic-Aware PSM Mechanism for IEEE 802.11 WLANs
Authors: Xie Yi , Sun Xilong , Yuan Pengfei , Chen Xijian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWireless devices consume large amounts of energy during wireless communication. As the energy storage of battery is limited, improving energy efficiency has become an important approach to prolong the lifetime of devices. The IEEE 802.11 protocol supports the power save mode (PSM) in wireless local area networks (WLANs). However, the standard PSM cannot adapt to the changes of traffic load or channel conditions. Therefore, this article proposes an adaptive traffic-aware PSM mechanism (APSM) that improves energy efficiency of wireless devices in a WLAN with an access point (AP). According to the current channel condition and traffic load, the AP adjusts the interval of beacons that give devices different priorities to fetch buffered packets. The devices can adaptively adjust listening intervals according to network traffic, and adopt different congestion backoff timers when channel collisions happen or the network topology changes. The APSM has been implemented and evaluated in NS-2. The simulation results have shown that devices using the APSM can improve energy efficiency by 115% at most compared with the ones using the standard PSM. The benefit of adaptive beacon interval and listening intervals is significant, while the improvement due to the adaptive backoff timer is minor. The improvement of the APSM over the PSM is more significant when the network traffic level decreases and the ratio of idle power to sleeping power increases. Additionally, the APSM increases the delay of data frames within a limited range, which does not bring any bad effect on network throughput.
Physical mechanism of super-deep penetration of solid microparticles into solid targets
Authors: Qi Chengzhi , Chen Jianjie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe phenomenon of super-deep penetration of solid microparticles into solid targets under shock has not been interpreted convincingly until now. The concept of highly excited states, developed by V.E. Panin and others, has opened a new path for the interpretation of this phenomenon. According to this concept, under the condition of a highly excited state, the number of allowable structure states in crystals significantly exceeds the number of atoms, i.e., in crystals, new degrees of freedom arise. Highly excited crystals become, in essence, a superposition of several structures. Therefore, in highly excited states, the material of target may be looked at as a system of weakly interacting particles. The application of the theory of a system of weakly interacting particles in this article shows that when the velocity of penetrating particles exceeds the velocity of the thermal motion of particles of the target material, the friction coefficient is inversely proportional to the third power of the relative velocity of penetrating particles. In this way, the effect of losing friction in the penetration of solid particles into solid targets is interpreted.
A computational mechanics perspective on long-range interactions in gradient elasticity with microinertia
Authors: Askes Harm , Gitman Inna M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPenalty functions, used in computational mechanics, can provide an interpretation of the effects of the spatial gradients in continuum mechanics. In particular, the use of mass penalties and the use of microinertia terms in gradient elasticity lead to the identical systems of equations. Thus, an alternative perspective on the long-range interactions due to gradient activity is provided. This is illustrated with a numerical example.
Some considerations on the apodotic uses of atque and et (2nd c. BC–2nd c. AD)
Authors: Galdi Giovanbattista 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the phenomenon often referred to as “parahypotaxis,” that is, with the cases in which an adverbial phrase is linked to the matrix clause by means of a copulative conjunction that “breaks” the hypotactic nexus, e.g., Gel. 2,29,8:
Ramadan fasting and pregnancy: implications for fetal development in summer season
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Gultekin Huseyin , Demir Bulent , Bakir Vuslat Lale , Balsak Deniz , Vuruskan Erkut , Acar Hicran , Yucel Oguz , Yayla Murat 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Aims: In the Islamic religion, Ramadan is a month in the year that is passed by fasting. Healthy adult individuals are prohibited to eat, drink, and smoke from sunrise to sunset. In the present study, our aim was to assess the relation of Ramadan fasting with fetal development and maternal-fetal Doppler indices in pregnant women.

Methods: This is a prospective case-control study carried out in the month of Ramadan in 2013 (9 July–7 August). One hundred and six pregnant women at the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were enrolled into the study. The sample size of the fasting group was 83 and the non-fasting group sample size was also 83. Fetal biometric measurements, such as biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid index, and Doppler indices of both uterine and umbilical arteries were evaluated by gray scala and color Doppler ultrasound at the beginning and end of Ramadan.

Results: At the end of the Ramadan, increase in biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length showed a statistically significant difference from initial measurements (P<0.05). When fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, an increase in amniotic fluid index was statistically significant in the non-fasting group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: We demonstrated some adverse effects of Ramadan fasting on fetal development. In the Islamic religion, pregnant individuals have the privilege of not fasting; therefore, they should consider postponing fasting to the postpartum period, especially in the summer season. If they are willing to do so, an appropriate nutritional program should be recommended.
First trimester tricuspid regurgitation and fetal abnormalities
Authors: Wiechec Marcin , Nocun Agnieszka , Wiercinska Ewa , Beithon Jill , Knafel Anna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common sonographic finding during the fetal life. It has been reported in 7% of normal fetuses. It may be associated with aneuploidy and with both cardiac and extracardiac defects.In this study, we have looked at the characteristics of fetuses with and without TR at 11The study group included women, who underwent an ultrasound examination at 11–13Some 1075 patients met our inclusion criteria including 979 fetuses without TR and 96 with TR. There were 72 cases of aneuploidy diagnosed (6.7%). Isolated TR was found in 53 euploid fetuses (5.2%). All of the TR(+) aneuploid fetuses (n=40) had additional ultrasound markers present. Extracardiac anatomy showed a higher prevalence of abnormalities in the group of TR positives (12.5%) vs. TR negatives (1.6%). Abnormal cardiac findings were more frequent in the TR-positive group independently of chromosomal status and were found in 18.8% of fetuses with TR and in 1.9% with a normal tricuspid flow.TR in combination with other markers is the strongest predictor for aneuploidy. TR, as an isolated parameter, is a poor screening tool both for all and for each individual chromosomal abnormality and congenital cardiac defects.
Controversial clinical practices for patients with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome: a survey
Authors: Basaran Ahmet , Basaran Mustafa , Basaran Betul , Sen Cihat , Martin James N. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background: Considerable controversy continues to surround the management of severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Experts, researchers, and those published in the field were surveyed about their specific practices.

Materials and methods: An extensive literature search was undertaken to identify the cohort of authors with recent publications on the subjects of preeclampsia (2009–2012) and HELLP syndrome (2005–2012). Online surveys were sent to all authors using the email addresses found in their publications.

Results: Surveys were delivered by email to 363 authors of preeclampsia publications and 91 authors of HELLP syndrome publications. Completed surveys were received from 61 (13.4%) of the group. Except for consensus about the indication of corticosteroids for the enhancement of fetal lung maturation, there was considerable variation in corticosteroid practice and anesthesia techniques.

Conclusions: A marked diversity in practice characterized the clinical care rendered by experts in the field of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Thus, there is an urgent need for well-designed and executed prospective clinical trials to improve the evidence for best consensus practice in this area of obstetrical medicine.
The Media Discourse of Land Grabbing and Resistance During Myanmar’s Legal Reformation: The Monywa Copper Mine
Authors: Zerrouk Emel , Neef Andreas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study is conducted using a legal and an in-text media study approach in order to deconstruct the discourse of land grabbing around the Monywa Copper Mine. Its aim is to analyze the discourse surrounding the resistance to expansion and to shed light on the current trends and any new opportunities that may exist in reforming Myanmar. To this end, we explore the limits of local resistance and draw lessons that can be applied to the increasing cases of land grabbing around the country. The expansion of the Monywa copper mine, the nation’s largest, located on the Letpadaung mountain range, north of Naypidaw, Myanmar, affects some 26 villages in the area and creates further concerns over land grabbing. Mining operations in the area have been growing since the 1980s, the project being the result of a joint investment by the government and international extraction companies. Similar projects on other ranges nearby have left the surrounding areas polluted and unproductive. Since July 2012, the local communities surrounding the Monywa copper mines have been protesting the rush of recent land grabbing, “insufficient” compensation and the environmental damage related to the project. Their resistance gained considerable momentum, peaking in November 2012 and escalating in clashes with local authorities, but diminishing with the launching of an investigative committee, a benchmark achievement. Against the backdrop of Myanmar’s legal reformation, these activities are both shaping and being shaped by the shifting political, institutional and social currents of the country.
Variability in English vowels is comparable in articulation and acoustics
Authors: Noiray Aude , Iskarous Khalil , Whalen D. H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe nature of the links between speech production and perception has been the subject of longstanding debate. The present study investigated the articulatory parameter of tongue height and the acoustic F1–F0 difference for the phonological distinction of vowel height in American English front vowels. Multiple repetitions of /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/ in [(h)Vd] sequences were recorded in seven adult speakers. Articulatory (ultrasound) and acoustic data were collected simultaneously to provide a direct comparison of variability in vowel production in both domains. Results showed idiosyncratic patterns of articulation for contrasting the three front vowel pairs /i-ɪ/, /e-ɛ/, and /ɛ-æ/ across subjects, with the degree of variability in vowel articulation comparable to that observed in the acoustics for all seven participants. However, contrary to what was expected, some speakers showed reversals for tongue height for /ɪ/-/e/ that were also reflected in acoustics, with F1 higher for /ɪ/ than for /e/. The data suggest the phonological distinction of height is conveyed via speaker-specific articulatory-acoustic patterns that do not strictly match features descriptions. However, the acoustic signal is faithful to the articulatory configuration that generated it, carrying the crucial information for perceptual contrast.
Perception of voicing and place of articulation in labial and alveolar English stop consonants
Authors: Silbert Noah H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDistinctive features define a multidimensional structure that must be implemented in speech production and perception. A multilevel Gaussian General Recognition Theory model is presented as a model of multidimensional feature perception. The model is fit to data from three experiments probing identification of noise-masked, naturally-produced labial and alveolar English stop consonants [p], [b], [t], and [d] in onset (syllable-initial) and coda (syllable-final) position. The results indicate systematic perceptual deviations from simple place and voicing structure in individual subjects and at the group level. Comparing onset and coda positions shows that syllable position modulates the deviation patterns, and comparing speech-shaped noise and multi-talker babble indicates that deviations from simple feature structure are reasonably robust to variation in noise characteristics. Possible causes of the observed perceptual confusion patterns are discussed, and extensions of this work to studies of feature structure in speech production and investigation of non-native speech perception are briefly outlined.
The criterion of hypothesis testing on the covariance function of a Gaussian stochastic process
Authors: Kozachenko Yuriy V. , Sergiienko Mykola P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
We consider a square Gaussian stochastic process. Estimates of the distribution of some functional of this process are obtained. Tests for a hypothesis concerning the form of the covariance function of a Gaussian stochastic process are constructed.
Crystal structure of 8-(2-methylphenyl)-11-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)- methylidene]-14-hydroxy-3,13-diazaheptacyclo- [13.7.1.9,13.02,9.02,14.03,7.019,23]tetracosa-1(22),15,17,19(23),20-pentaen-10- one methanol monosolvate, C37H34N2O2-CH3OH, C38H38N2O3
Authors: Almansour Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Kumar Raju Suresh , Arumugam Natarajan , Nagalakshmi Ramachandran Aruna , Suresh Janakiraman 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C38H38N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3562(2) Å, b = 17.0817(4) Å, c = 15.2368(3) Å, β = 93.539(1)°, V = 2950.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0498, wRref(F2) = 0.1133, T = 293 K.