bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of VWD
Authors: Neff Anne T. , Sidonio Robert F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVWD is the most common inherited bleeding disorder known. It is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the VWF molecule. Bleeding risk varies between modest increases in bleeding seen only with procedures to major risk of spontaneous hemorrhage depending upon the type of VWD. The treatment approach to VWD has changed little in the past 2 decades, but there are numerous subtleties in optimal management. Management includes the prevention or treatment of bleeding by raising endogenous VWF levels with medications such as desmopressin or providing exogenous VWF concentrates. Fibrinolytic inhibitors and topical hemostatic agents are also effective adjunctive measures. Bleeding specific to women presents a special challenge because of heavy menstrual bleeding and pregnancy. Successful management of pregnancy in patients with VWD involves coordination with obstetrics, anesthesia, and the coagulation laboratory monitoring VWF:RCo and FVIII:C levels. Prophylactic treatment with VWF concentrates is emerging as an effective preventive therapy in patients with severe disease. Antibodies to VWF present a special challenge in the management of rare patients with type 3 disease. New therapies on the horizon include recombinant VWF, anti-VWF aptamers, and medications such as IL-11 to raise VWF levels. The key to effective treatment of VWD is an accurate diagnosis of the specific type and selection of hemostatic products appropriate for the clinical situation.
The science behind the hypoxic niche of hematopoietic stem and progenitors
Authors: Nombela-Arrieta César , Silberstein Leslie E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In blood, oxygen is transported principally by hemoglobin tetrameric molecules in erythocytes, which allow for the delivery to tissue cells. When anemia occurs, such as perisurgically or after trauma, blood transfusion is administered to replace the deficit in oxygen-carrying capacity. During embryogenesis and later in adult life, tissue oxygen levels control multiple key cellular functions. Low tissue oxygen levels in particular are physiologically relevant to stem cells by controlling their metabolism and cell fate. In adult life, hematopoietic stem cells reside in specified BM microenvironments/niches, where their quiescence and differentiation are presumably also influenced by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic (niche) factors. Novel imaging technologies have allowed determination of the spatial localization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as the topography of oxygen distribution in BM cavities. Together, these recent advances have contributed to the emergence of a novel model that challenges the previous concept of a hypoxic hematopoietic stem cell niche characterized by poorly perfused endosteal zones with the deepest hypoxia. HSPCs display a hypoxic phenotype despite residing in close association with arterial or sinusoidal vascular networks. The entire BM cavity is hypoxic and unexpectedly exhibits an opposite oxygen gradient to the one initially proposed because arteriole-rich endosteal zones are relatively less hypoxic than deeper regions of the BM perfused by dense sinusoidal networks. Therefore, further studies are warranted to elucidate to what extent differences in oxygen tensions in these diverse microenvironments influence HSPC homeostasis.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for ALL
Authors: Maude Shannon L. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Grupp Stephan A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Relapsed and refractory leukemias pose substantial challenges in both children and adults, with very little progress being made in more than a decade. Targeted immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has emerged as a potent therapy with an innovative mechanism. Dramatic clinical responses with complete remission rates as high as 90% have been reported using CAR-modified T cells directed against the B-cell-specific antigen CD19 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Supraphysiologic T-cell proliferation, a hallmark of this therapy, contributes to both efficacy and the most notable toxicity, cytokine release syndrome, posing a unique challenge for toxicity management. Further studies are necessary to identify additional targets, standardize approaches to cytokine release syndrome management, and determine the durability of remissions.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes for leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Bollard Catherine M. , Barrett A. John 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the recent advances in adoptive T-cell immunotherapies, not only for patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but also in the autologous setting using T cells early in the disease process for the treatment of the highest-risk patients with leukemias and lymphomas. The particular emphasis is to highlight the role of T-cell therapies for hematologic malignancies using a non-gene-transfer approach to direct specificity, including the clinical use of T-cell therapies for EBV-associated lymphomas and strategies for targeting nonviral lymphoma- and leukemia-associated antigens.
HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: viral origins and therapeutic options
Authors: Krishnan Amrita , Zaia John A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, especially B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Many of these lymphomas are further driven by concomitant infection with viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus or Human Herpesvirus 8, the latter being implicated in uncommon types of lymphomas seen in the setting of HIV-1 infection. Treatment outcomes have improved due to infusional chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy, and effective antiretroviral therapy. Successful functional cure of HIV-1 infection has been demonstrated with the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This result spurred a change in the field of HIV-1 management so that, ultimately, the goals of therapy would shift from not only curing the underlying lymphoma, but also curing the HIV-1 infection. Treatment options will be discussed with an emphasis on hematopoietic cell-based therapy for the underlying HIV infection.
SAViNE: social network analysis - inspired content delivery network deployment and experimentation
Authors: Leivadeas Aris , Papagianni Chrysa , Papavassiliou Symeon 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Over the last years, the content delivery network (CDN) market has been witnessing globally an increase in the development of cloud-based CDNs, as they constitute a viable and cost-effective alternative to traditional commercial CDNs. Towards that direction, Social-Aware Virtual Network Embedding (SAViNE) for wireless content delivery within the OpenLab project aims at establishing, assessing, and prototyping a novel framework for deploying a CDN over the wireless cloud. Specifically, the goal of SAViNE is to provide experimental validation of the efficiency of social network analysis (SNA) - inspired surrogate server placement strategies, devised for fostering content delivery. The proposed framework has been integrated with the OpenLab experimental facilities, providing a run-time environment for CDN deployment, operation, and performance evaluation over the wireless environment. The framework’s feasibility and scalability is experimentally validated. The study is complemented with repeatability evaluation of experimental measurements, related to the resulting CDN’s operational efficiency.
Effect of porous polycaprolactone beads on bone regeneration: preliminary
in vitro
and
in vivo
studies
Authors: Byun June-Ho , Lee Han A Reum , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Jin Ho , Oh Se Heang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
For the effective bone regeneration with appropriate pathological/physiological properties, a variety of bone fillers have been adapted as a therapeutic treatment. However, the development of ideal bone fillers is still remained as a big challenge in clinical practice. The main aims of this study are i) fabrication of a highly porous PCL beads; and ii) the estimation of the potential use of the porous PCL beads as a bone filler through preliminary animal study.

Results
The porous PCL beads with size range of 53 ~ 600 μm (425 ~ 500 μm dominantly) are fabricated by a spray/precipitation method using a double nozzle spray and PCL solution (in tetraglycol). The PCL beads show highly porous inner pore structure and the pores are interconnected with outer surface pores. For the preliminary animal study, we recognize that the porous PCL bead can induce the new bone formation from the outer surface of bone defect toward the bone marrow cavity through the bead matrix.

Conclusions
From the preliminary results, we can suggest that the highly porous PCL beads may be a promising candidate as a bone filler (scaffolding matrix) for the effective bone regeneration.
Drug resistance genomics of the antimalarial drug artemisinin
Authors: Winzeler Elizabeth A , Manary Micah J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAcross the globe, over 200 million annual malaria infections result in up to 660,000 deaths, 77% of which occur in children under the age of five years. Although prevention is important, malaria deaths are typically prevented by using antimalarial drugs that eliminate symptoms and clear parasites from the blood. Artemisinins are one of the few remaining compound classes that can be used to cure multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections. Unfortunately, clinical trials from Southeast Asia are showing that artemisinin-based treatments are beginning to lose their effectiveness, adding renewed urgency to the search for the genetic determinants of parasite resistance to this important drug class. We review the genetic and genomic approaches that have led to an improved understanding of artemisinin resistance, including the identification of resistance-conferring mutations in the P. falciparum kelch13 gene.
Anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitates the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins
Authors: Zhu Bi-Wen , Cai Liang , He Xiao-Peng , Chen Guo-Rong , Long Yi-Tao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the `label-free' detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent electrochemical signal, which limits the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible manner.

Results
We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, impedance analysis showed that the `standardized' electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.

Conclusion
Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for the reproducible, selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.
Pedagogical challenges in nurse education - a case study focusing on the completion rate in theoretical education at a Swedish University
Authors: Emilsson Maria , Gellerstedt Martin , Skyvell Nilsson Maria , Berndtsson Ina , Johansson Kristina , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this survey was to relate completion rate and results on national clinical final examinations to student’s admission background and examination results for nursing and medical courses.

Methods
The research data were based on a quantitative case study, with 286 nursing students, using statistical analysis.

Results
The programme’s overall completion rate was 76%, i.e. almost one out of four students did not complete the programme. The higher students’ upper secondary/high school grades, the fewer attempts they needed to pass the nursing and medical courses exams (p < 0.001). The average examination attempts needed to pass courses in medical science was significantly greater than the number needed to pass courses in nursing science (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis both upper secondary/high school grades and average examination attempts needed to pass were significant predictors for national clinical final examination score.

Conclusions
In sum, upper secondary/high school grades and examination attempts needed, especially for courses in medical science, may be regarded as important indicators of achieved knowledge and skills which are tested in the national final examination.
Nelly Don’s 1916 pink gingham apron frock: an illustration of the middle-class American housewife’s shifting role from producer to consumer
Authors: Whang Mikyoung , Haar Sherry 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNelly Don created a stylish, practical, affordable pink gingham housedress in 1916, quickly selling out her first order of 216 dresses at Peck’s Dry Goods Company in Kansas City. This study investigated the reasons behind the success of her dress, and found that during the early 20th century, women’s roles shifted from that of producer to consumer, and that clothing was a visible reflection of this shift. Specific design attributes and social appeal contributed to the success of the housedress. Integrating trendy design elements into an affordable housedress along with the growing demand for a stylish, yet practical housedress induced by consumption culture in the early 20th century facilitated the success of Nelly Don’s pink gingham housedress. As such, Nelly Don’s 1916 housedress reflected social and cultural change in this transitional period, and exemplified the shifting role of the middle-class American housewife by offering an alternative to the traditional Mother Hubbard housedress as well as a lifestyle free of long hours spent sewing.
Corporate General Counsel and Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Hopkins Justin J. , Maydew Edward L. , Venkatachalam Mohan 
Published: November 2014

We examine the role of general counsel (GC) in firms' financial reporting quality. GCs have a broad oversight role within the firm, including keeping the firm in compliance with laws and regulations and dealing with potential violations with respect to financial reporting. Several high-profile U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigations have resulted in lawsuits or indictments against GCs for perpetrating financial fraud and caused many to ask: where were the gatekeepers? As such, we examine the conditions under which GCs may stray from their primary role as gatekeepers. Mainly, we empirically investigate claims that compensation can impair the independence or compromise the professional judgment of a GC. We measure the level of compensation using the GC’s presence or absence in the top five officers of the firm by compensation. Results are consistent with GCs straying from their role as gatekeepers, to some extent, when highly compensated in a manner similar to the CEO and CFO. In particular, firms with highly compensated GCs have lower financial reporting quality and more aggressive accounting practices, including management of the litigation reserve. However, the results also show that highly compensated GCs play an important gatekeeping role in keeping the firm in compliance with generally accepted accounting principles. Thus, highly compensated GCs appear to tolerate moderately aggressive behavior but constrain it such that it would not result in violation of securities laws and jeopardize their standing within the firm.This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Influence of Measurement Position, Tree Diameter, and Bulk Wood Density on Models that Predict Wave Propagation Velocity in Logs According to the Velocity in Trees
Authors: Bertoldo Cinthya , Gonçalves Raquel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves from measurements in trees is numerically different from the velocity obtained from measurements in logs, even in freshly felled logs, and the latter velocity is better correlated with the quality of the wood. The differences can be explained by the basic and fundamental aspects of wave propagation; however, these aspects are difficult to consider in practical applications. Thus, the present study examined parameters that are more easily obtained in the field and considered to provide an equivalent log velocity based on living tree velocities. The results indicate that base logs are better correlated with the velocities measured in trees, because the measurement in trees is performed at the stem base. However, the inclusion of the diameter at breast height (DBH) can produce a model with the same prediction accuracy as that of logs obtained from the whole tree. The inclusion of the green density does not improve estimations of the velocity of logs using the velocity obtained for the tree. Considering that DBH is a parameter often used in forest management, this result can be useful for improving the accuracy of wood-quality predictions from acoustic trials in standing forests.
Sequence Artifacts in DNA from Formalin-Fixed Tissues: Causes and Strategies for Minimization
Authors: Do Hongdo , Dobrovic Alexander 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Precision medicine is dependent on identifying actionable mutations in tumors. Accurate detection of mutations is often problematic in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed tissues is fragmented and also contains DNA lesions that are the sources of sequence artifacts. Sequence artifacts can be difficult to distinguish from true mutations, especially in the context of tumor heterogeneity, and are an increasing interpretive problem in this era of massively parallel sequencing. Understanding of the sources of sequence artifacts in FFPE tissues and implementation of preventative strategies are critical to improve the accurate detection of actionable mutations.

CONTENT
This mini-review focuses on DNA template lesions in FFPE tissues as the source of sequence artifacts in molecular analysis. In particular, fragmentation, base modification (including uracil and thymine deriving from cytosine deamination), and abasic sites are discussed as indirect or direct sources of sequence artifacts. We discuss strategies that can be implemented to minimize sequence artifacts and to distinguish true mutations from sequence artifacts. These strategies are applicable for the detection of actionable mutations in both single amplicon and massively parallel amplicon sequencing approaches.

SUMMARY
Because FFPE tissues are usually the only available material for DNA analysis, it is important to maximize the accurate informational content from FFPE DNA. Careful consideration of each step in the work flow is needed to minimize sequence artifacts. In addition, validation of actionable mutations either by appropriate experimental design or by orthogonal methods should be considered.
On Cross-Border Mergers and Product Differentiation
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Chakrabarti Avik , Marjit Sugata 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We construct a general equilibrium model of an oligopolistic industry that allows us to capture the role of product differentiation in the incentives for and implications of cross-border mergers. We show that a rise in the degree of product differentiation will compress the extensive margins of trade and, at the same time, reduce the gains from cross-border mergers. We also demonstrate how cross-border mergers can mitigate the effect of product differentiation on the extensive margins of trade.
Premenstrual disorder and the adolescent: clinical case report, literature review, and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Kanbur Nuray 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:The aim of this paper is to present a case with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and to review the diagnosis from an adolescent medicine approach, discussing why diagnosis and treatment must be distinct for this age group and different from the adult approach.Introduction:Premenstrual disorder is a periodic, recurrent, debilitating condition with either physical and/or psychological symptoms that occur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.Case:We report the case of a 16-year-old female diagnosed with premenstrual disorder.Discussion:Physical signs, behavioral changes, and mood disturbances that occur before menstruation have long been recognized in women, but how well is the disorder defined for adolescents? Due to the unique characteristics of teens, do the current diagnostic criteria appropriately represent this population?
Activated Carbon Prepared from Date Pits for the Retention of NO2 at Low Temperature
Authors: Belala Zohra , Belhachemi Meriem , Jeguirim Mejdi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Activated carbons were prepared from date pits by physical activation with CO2 and the textural properties were investigated by BET and D-R methods with N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms. The interaction of the NO2 with activated carbon was examined at ambient temperature and the effect of operating conditions such as temperature and inlet gas compositions was also examined. It was observed that the development of porosity with increasing time of activation favours the adsorption capacity of NO2. The maximum adsorption capacity reached was about 107 mg/g, which is higher than several activated carbon prepared from classical lignocellulosic biomass. However, a slight decrease of NO2 adsorption capacity was observed with increasing temperature. The addition of oxygen into the inlet gas gave rise to an increase in amount adsorbed of NO2.
Utility Theory as a Method to Minimise the Risk in Deformation Analysis Decisions
Authors: Zhang Yin , Neumann Ingo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDeformation monitoring usually focuses on the detection of whether the monitored objects satisfy the given properties (e.g. being stable or not), and makes further decisions to minimise the risks, for example, the consequences and costs in case of collapse of artificial objects and/or natural hazards. With this intention, a methodology relying on hypothesis testing and utility theory is reviewed in this paper. The main idea of utility theory is to judge each possible outcome with a utility value. The presented methodology makes it possible to minimise the risk of an individual monitoring project by considering the costs and consequences of overall possible situations within the decision process. It is not the danger that the monitored object may collapse that can be reduced. The risk (based on the utility values multiplied by the danger) can be described more appropriately and therefore more valuable decisions can be made. Especially, the opportunity for the measurement process to minimise the risk is an important key issue. In this paper, application of the methodology to two of the classical cases in hypothesis testing will be discussed in detail: 1) both probability density functions (pdfs) of tested objects under null and alternative hypotheses are known; 2) only the pdf under the null hypothesis is known and the alternative hypothesis is treated as the pure negation of the null hypothesis. Afterwards, a practical example in deformation monitoring is introduced and analysed. Additionally, the way in which the magnitudes of utility values (consequences of a decision) influence the decision will be considered and discussed at the end.