bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RRAT J1913+1330: An Extremely Variable and Puzzling Pulsar
Authors: Zhang S. B. , Geng J. J. , Wang J. S. , Yang X. , Kaczmarek J. , Tang Z. F. , Johnston S. , Hobbs G. , Manchester R. , Wu X. F. , Jiang P. , Huang Y. F. , Zou Y. C. , Dai Z. G. , Zhang B. , Li D. , Yang Y. P. , Dai S. , Chang C. M. , Pan Z. C. , Lu J. G. , Wei J. J. , Li Y. , Wu Q. W. , Qian L. , Wang P. , Wang S. Q. , Feng Y. , Staveley-Smith L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rotating radio transients (RRATs) are neutron stars that emit sporadic radio bursts. We detected 1955 single pulses from RRAT J1913+1330 using the 19 beam receiver of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. These pulses were detected in 19 distinct clusters, with 49.4% of them occurring with a waiting time of one rotation period. The energy distribution of these individual pulses exhibited a wide range, spanning 3 orders of magnitude, reminiscent of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). Furthermore, we observed abrupt variations in pulse profile, width, peak flux, and fluence between adjacent sequential pulses. These findings suggest that this RRAT could be interpreted as a pulsar with extreme pulse-to-pulse modulation. The presence of sequential pulse trains during active phases, along with significant pulse variations in profile, fluence, flux, and width, should be intrinsic to a subset of RRATs. Our results indicate that J1913+1330 represents a peculiar source that shares certain properties with populations of nulling pulsars, giant pulses, and FRBs from different perspectives. The dramatic pulse-to-pulse variation observed in J1913+1330 could be attributed to unstable pair creation above the polar cap region and the variation of the site where streaming pairs emit coherently. Exploring a larger sample of RRATs exhibiting similar properties to J1913+1330 has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of pulsars, RRATs, and FRBs.
Review of Heidi M. Altman’s <i>Agency and Bodily Autonomy in Systems</i> of Care (Lexington Books, 2024)
Authors: Shehi Herr Monika 
Published: August 2024

Agency and Bodily Autonomy in Systems of Care, edited by Heidi M. Altman (2024), weaves an impressive international tapestry to raise awareness of intercultural factors that restrict or eliminate agency over one’s body in systems of care. It is not often that a book seamlessly strings together stories of people from such seemingly diverse walks of life, including fishermen in the coastal states of Georgia and South Carolina in the U.S., patients in an Italian psychiatric hospital, and people who are deemed overweight in Japan. The merit of the book is that it delivers more than an opportunity for the reader to vicariously visit with different people and places. It ultimately points out the common denominator of the different groups of people it studies, which is their “minoritized social location” (p. 103) as people whose bodies do not meet their societies’ normative expectations and are, therefore, subjected to control. This control may be applied in different ways, but it always demonstrates the fundamental premise of the book, which is Michele Foucault’s view of “the human body as an element under the control of outside structures, whether they be carceral, military, or medical” (p. 15). [...]
Examining Preceptors’ Perceptions of Need Around Facilitating Clinical Immersion Experiences
Authors: Gessel Chyrsten , Singe Stephanie M. , Pagnotta Kelly , Crocker Heidi M. 
Published: August 2024

Context
Clinical immersion experiences allow students to gain firsthand, authentic experiences to help them successfully matriculate into the profession. Preceptors supervise athletic training students during these experiences and are critical in the student’s clinical competence development. It is important to understand their needs to help facilitate a successful experience for the student.

Objective
To explore the needs of preceptors as they facilitate clinical immersion experiences for their athletic training students.

Design
Qualitative case study.

Setting
Athletic training practice settings facilitating clinical immersion.

Patients or Other Participants
Eight preceptors (6 female, 2 male) who met our inclusion criteria participated in our study.

Data Collection and Analysis
An exploratory, multiple-case study design was completed with preceptors.

Results
Four major themes emerged regarding preceptor needs for facilitating a clinical immersion experience: onboarding, communication on individual student needs, professional development as an educator, and relying on social support network.

Conclusions
Preceptors in our study communicated several needs that would better assist them in facilitating an immersive clinical experience for their students. Understanding these needs as a program administrator can better enhance the relationship between the didactic and clinical components of the educational program. Preceptors must also ask for additional information, resources, and support to help serve their needs in facilitating an immersive clinical experience for a student.
Organisational innovation and gender diversity: Insights from the civil engineering industry
Authors: Lamola Mitah , Pooe David , Munongo Shallone 
Published: August 2024

Orientation: The civil engineering industry is vital in ensuring that infrastructure development has a beneficial social, economic, and environmental impact.Research purpose: This study explored the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The study is premised on the paucity in extant research and responds to calls for more research on the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry.Research design, approach and method: Employing the interpretivist paradigm, 15 civil engineering professionals were purposively selected based on their extensive experience and comprehensive deep knowledge of the industry and interviewed using the semi-structured approach of interviews using the Microsoft Teams (MS Teams) platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.Main findings: From thematic analysis, the following themes emerged from the primary data: skewed gender representation, females’ retention challenges, creation of an inclusive environment, building a strategic female structure, inclusive innovation, and role models and mentors’ deficit.Practical and/or managerial implications: The civil engineering industry needs to empower women occupying positions of power and not just fill the numbers through the removal of the male gatekeeping effect as the current status shows male dominance. It is also critical to create an inclusive environment, grow the pool of females to build the numbers critical for gender diversity, particularly at the top, and promote mentorship opportunities.Contributions and/or value add: This article advances knowledge on the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry and exposes the shared patriarchal values that many organisations appear to promote. It further highlights that society still struggles with infrastructure that does not address its needs and points the civil engineering industry towards the current skill sets and experiences of its female workforce, and how to leverage those capabilities to benefit the industry and the entire society.
Oral Health Literacy Status, Knowledge Levels, Beliefs, and Behaviors of Pregnant Women
Authors: Çabuk Aİ , Çabuk DS , Üstdal KBT , Sucu M , Akpinar E 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Pregnancy may exacerbate the frequency and severity of some dental problems. However, most pregnant women avoid going to the dentist.

Aims:
To examine the oral hygiene and dental care behaviors of women during pregnancy, to measure their knowledge levels, to reveal their oral and dental health literacy status, and their beliefs about treatment.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted for a period of 1 month with pregnant women over the age of 18 who presented to the obstetrics outpatient clinic and agreed to participate in the study and who had no known anomalies or complications.

Methods and Material:
A survey was completed by face-to-face interviews with 317 pregnant women of different ages and gestational weeks. Participants were asked questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy characteristics, oral hygiene-related beliefs, behaviors, and knowledge levels.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data obtained in the study were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 program. Since the kurtosis and skewness values were between +3 and -3, parametric tests were used.

Results:
In total, 317 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 43 participated in the study. The most common beliefs are listed as; babies receive the necessary calcium from the teeth, antibiotics given during dental treatment harm the baby, and panoramic radiography taken during treatment harms the baby. 91.5% of the participants did not visit the dentist after planning a pregnancy, and 89% of them did not visit the dentist during pregnancy. The most common reason not to visit the dentist is not having a dental problem. The rate of knowing that dental infections during pregnancy will affect the baby is 50.5%.

Conclusions:
In the present study, it is seen that pregnant women do not have adequate oral hygiene. The reasons were listed as various false beliefs and lack of sufficient knowledge. Health professionals should provide information about oral hygiene to pregnant women and direct them to the dentist.
Sinonasal Anatomic Variations in the Adult Population: CT Examination of 1200 Patients
Authors: Ağcayazı S , Salcan İ , Erşahan AA , Seçkin E 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are one of the most frequently anatomically varied regions. Their size and shape vary from person to person, and ethnic origin may have a role in this variety. Recognizing this variations is so important for ear nose throat (ENT) specialists because they predispose to sinonasal pathologies and affect the complication rate and success of endoscopic sinus surgery.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the frequency of sinonasal anatomic variations on paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) in the Turkish population.

Methods:
Patients who had undergone paranasal sinus CT with any complaints between 2013 and 2020 and aged over 18 years were included in the study. A total of 1209 patients who had undergone paranasal sinus CT were examined for coronal, axial, and sagittal plans retrospectively by two ENT professionals, and anatomical variations were evaluated. To assign the frequency of anatomic variations in a healthy population, patients who had previously undergone paranasal sinus and nasal surgery, who had nasal polyposis, and for whom CT evaluation was not possible due to intense sinusitis were excluded from the study.

Results:
Among 1209 patients, 644 were male and 565 were female. The mean age of the patients was 33.7 years. The most common sinonasal anatomical variations were nasal septal deviation and agger nasi cells, while the least common variation is the supreme turbinate. No variation was found in 48 (3.9%) CTs.

Conclusion:
Almost all patients had at least one sinonasal anatomical variation. These variations should be known by the professionals who have interest in sinonasal disease and surgery.
Comparison of the Results of BAL and ETA Culture in Intubated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kilic HH. , Gozukucuk R 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The isolation of pathogens using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture or endotracheal aspirate (ETA) culture may enhance the treatment success for secondary pneumonia due to COVID-19, thereby reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Aim:
This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of BAL and ETA cultures in intubated COVID-19 patients and to determine whether BAL has an advantage over ETA.

Methods:
We routinely perform BAL culture via bronchoscopy or ETA culture within the first 48 h after intubation. We retrospectively reviewed cases that underwent BAL and ETA. The patients were divided into two groups: Group B (BAL) and Group E (ETA). Various parameters were evaluated and compared between the two groups.

Results:
The demographic data and blood test results were similar between the two groups. However, ICU stay, duration of intubation, and culture positivity were significantly higher in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the mortality rate was higher in Group E. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Candida species.

Conclusion:
The observed mortality rates were consistent with the existing literature. Since the microorganism isolation rate is higher with BAL, leading to more effective antimicrobial treatment, early deaths were prevented, and ICU stay durations were prolonged. Conversely, these durations were shorter in the ETA group due to higher mortality. In intubated COVID-19 patients, a more effective treatment process can be achieved by clearing the airway with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and tailoring the treatment based on BAL culture results. This approach may positively impact prognosis and mortality rates.
Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio at Diagnosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Korkmaz G , Ceran F , Dağdaş S , Güneş AK , Sunu C , Pepeler MS , Pamukçuoğlu M , Özet G 
Published: August 2024

Background:Aim to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the time of diagnosis, which is an inexpensive and easily accessible parameter, compared to factors known as prognostic value (such as R-IPI and NCCN-IPI) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Aim:Prognostic value of NLR at diagnosis in DLBCL.Methods:A hundred (100) newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were included. The correlations between the NLR with clinical characteristics, treatment response, and survival were analyzed. The NLR cut-off value was taken at 3.5 accordıng to the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results:There were 53 patients with an NLR of 3.5 and 47 patients with an NLR < 3.5. Patients with NLR ≥ 3.5 had a complete response (CR) rate of 66.0% (n = 31/47), and patients with NLR < 3.5 had a CR rate of 98.1% (n = 51/52). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 132.5 months (95%CI 103.1–162.0). PFS in the NLR ≥ 3.5 group (36 months) was significantly (P< 0.000) shorter than in the NLR < 3.5 group (185 months). The median overall survival (OS) for NLR ≥ 3.5 and NLR < 3.5 was 79.2 months (95% CI 51.6–106.8) and 197.8 months (95% CI 173.2–222.5), respectively. NLR ≥ 3.5 was associated with worse OS than NLR < 3.5 (P= 0.000). The high value of NLR (≥3.5) had lower treatment response rates, higher relapse, and death rates.Conclusion:High NLR was associated with poor treatment response, PFS, and OS. NLR can be used as a cost-effective and easy-to-interpret prognostic marker in DLBCL patients.
Effect of Verapamil on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Hypertensive Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Alharbi E , Abanmy N , Mullen A , ElAbd S , Makhzoum Z , Alzahrani S 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease that continues to increase in prevalence globally and is a major healthcare burden. Diabetes and hypertension frequently occur concurrently, and the use of antihypertensive agents is common in diabetic patients. One antihypertensive agent, verapamil, has tentatively shown potentially positive effects on glycemic control in assorted pre-clinical models.

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of verapamil on glycemic control in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods:
Type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients were recruited from King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA, to receive oral verapamil therapy. Blood pressure and glycometabolic parameters, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-peptide, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were monitored at baseline and after 6 months of verapamil therapy.

Results:
Thirty-five patients (16 male, 19 female) with a mean age of 57.2 years were recruited. The use of verapamil was associated with non-significant decreases in HbA1c, FPG, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR. However, a sub-group of 17 participants showed a decrease in HbA1c that was ≥0.5%. Univariate logistic regression showed that baseline BMI, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with HbA1c reductions of ≥0.5%.

Conclusion:
Verapamil is metabolically neutral and allows the stabilization of glycometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic individuals. Additional research exploring the mechanism behind the variable response to verapamil therapy is warranted.
Association of Positive TwaVR/STaVR ECG Changes with Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction Undergoing CABG in Turkey: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Uncu H , Badak TO , Ucak HA , Cereb F , Cakallioglu A , Yıldırım A 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Positive T-wave polarity in the augmented vector right lead (Tw-aVR) and ST-segment deviation in the augmented vector right lead (STaVR) have been identified as potential predictors of adverse outcomes in various cardiac conditions.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of positive Tw-aVR and STaVR on in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods:
A five-year retrospective study was conducted on 250 HFrEF patients who underwent CABG at a tertiary care hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the main exposures were positive Tw-aVR and STaVR on preoperative electrocardiograms. Logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty patients with a mean age of 67.4 ± 8.1 years were studied. Males constituted 68% of the participants. Among the participants, 60 (24%) had positive Tw-aVR, and 96 (38.4%) had STaVR. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.6%, and patients with positive Tw-aVR and STaVR had significantly higher mortality rates than those without (odds ratio: 3.62 and 2.87, respectively, P < 0.01). These associations remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders such as age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.20; P = 0.008), sex (AOR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.31–2.18; P = 0.684), diabetes mellitus (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 0.88–5.12; P = 0.091), and chronic kidney disease (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 0.75–4.27; P = 0.194).

Conclusion:
Positive Tw-aVR and STaVR were found to be associated with in-hospital mortality in HFrEF patients after CABG. These findings suggest that identifying patients with positive Tw-aVR and STaVR may help identify those at higher risk of adverse outcomes and facilitate closer monitoring and more aggressive interventions.
Repurposing of Anti-Cancer Drugs Against Moderate and Severe COVID Infection: A Network-Based Systems Biological Approach
Authors: Alzahrani KJ 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an unparalleled health risk, needing fast antiviral medication development. One of the most effective strategies for developing therapies against novel and emerging viruses is drug repurposing. Recently, systems biology approaches toward the discovery of repurposing medications are gaining prominence.

Aim:
This study aimed to implement a systems biology approach to identify crucial drug targets as well as potential drug candidates against COVID infection.

Methods:
Our approach utilizes differential gene expression in COVID conditions that enable the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Core clusters were extracted from this network, followed by molecular enrichment analysis. This process identified critical drug targets and potential drug candidates targeting various stages of COVID-19 infection.

Results:
The network was built using the top 200 differently expressed genes in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 infections. Top 3 clusters for each disease condition were identified, representing the core mechanism of the network. Molecular enrichment revealed the majority of the pathways in the mild state were associated with transcription regulation, protein folding, angiogenesis, and cytokine-signaling pathways. Whereas, the enriched pathways in moderate and severe disease states were predominately linked with the immune system and apoptotic processes, which include NF-kappaB signaling, cytokine signaling, TNF-mediated signaling, and oxidative stress-induced cell death. Further analysis identifies 28 potential drugs that can be repurposed to treat moderate and severe COVID-19, most of which are currently used in cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
Interestingly, some of the proposed drugs have demonstrated inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2, as supported by literature evidence. Overall, the drug repurposing method described here will help develop potential antiviral medications to treat emerging COVID strains.
Microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells inhibit acute respiratory distress syndrome-related pulmonary fibrosis in mouse partly through hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Chen Qi-Hong , Zhang Ying , Gu Xue , Yang Peng-Lei , Yuan Jun , Yu Li-Na , Chen Jian-Mei 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived microvesicles (MSC-MVs) have been shown to exert antifibrotic effects in lung diseases.
AIM
To investigate the effects and mechanisms of MSC-MVs on pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mouse models.
METHODS
MSC-MVs with low hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression (siHGF-MSC-MVs) were obtained via lentivirus transfection and used to establish the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Following intubation, respiratory mechanics-related indicators were measured via an experimental small animal lung function tester. Homing of MSC-MVs in lung tissues was investigated by near-infrared live imaging. Immunohistochemical, western blotting, ELISA and other methods were used to detect expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related proteins and to compare effects on pulmonary fibrosis and fibrosis-related indicators.
RESULTS
The MSC-MVs gradually migrated and homed to damaged lung tissues in the ARDS model mice. Treatment with MSC-MVs significantly reduced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis scores. However, low expression of HGF (siHGF-MSC-MVs) significantly inhibited the effects of MSC-MVs (P < 0.05). Compared with the ARDS pulmonary fibrosis group, the MSC-MVs group exhibited suppressed expression of type I collagen antigen, type III collagen antigen, and the proteins transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin, whereas the siHGF-MVs group exhibited significantly increased expression of these proteins. In addition, pulmonary compliance and the pressure of oxygen/oxygen inhalation ratio were significantly lower in the MSC-MVs group, and the effects of the MSC-MVs were significantly inhibited by low HGF expression (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
MSC-MVs improved lung ventilation functions and inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS mice partly via HGF mRNA transfer.