bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experimental origins of cinema, stereo and their combination
Authors: Wade Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The rapid growth in stereoscopic cinema and television might suggest a recent concern with adding stereo depth to apparent motion, but this is not the case. Attempts were carried out by the pioneers of research on stereoscopic vision and apparent motion in the early nineteenth century. This was possible because of the instruments they invented to simulate motion and depth – phenakistiscopes (or stroboscopic discs) and stereoscopes. Sequences of still images could appear to move and paired pictures (with small horizontal disparities and presented to different eyes) were seen in depth. Subsequently, many varieties of stroboscopic discs and stereoscopes were devised and their popularity increased enormously after 1840, when combined with photography. Thereafter, sequences of stereoscopic photographs were presented in instruments called bioscopes or fantascopic stereoscopes so that the apparent motion appeared in depth. Unlike the simulation of motion and depth alone, their combination proved more difficult to achieve.
Stereoscopic media: Scholarship beyond booms and busts
Authors: Gurevitch Leon , Ross Miriam 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Stereoscopic imaging has had a rich history in photographic, televisual, cinematic, theme-park and gaming form since its emergence in the nineteenth century. Nonetheless, 3D media’s many booms and busts have led it to be treated as a cyclical ‘fad’. Its peak moments suggest a trend of death and rebirth, and stereoscopy has come to be characterized, more than any other media form, by its continual passing. But while scepticism towards this form has become a standard popular and scholarly refrain, less acknowledged is the way in which 3D imaging has remained in public consciousness and at the peripheries of popular visual culture throughout its lengthy history. This article explores the interstitial moments of stereoscopic media’s history and takes account of the determinants that have allowed it to thrive and wane while foregrounding the role that popular imagination has played in allowing it to persist.
Abelian JSJ decomposition of graphs of free abelian groups
Authors: Beeker Benjamin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
A group G is a vGBS group if it admits a decomposition as a finite graph of groups with all edge and vertex groups finitely generated and free abelian. We construct the JSJ decomposition of a vGBS group over abelian groups. We prove that this decomposition is explicitly computable, and may be obtained by local changes on the initial graph of groups.
Cell-Type–Specific Transcriptional Profiles of the Dimorphic Pathogen Penicillium marneffei Reflect Distinct Reproductive, Morphological, and Environmental Demands
Authors: Pasricha Shivani , Payne Michael , Canovas David , Pase Luke , Ngaosuwankul Nathamon , Beard Sally , Oshlack Alicia , Smyth Gordon K , Chaiyaroj Sansanee C , Boyce Kylie J , Andrianopoulos Alex 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Penicillium marneffei is an opportunistic human pathogen endemic to Southeast Asia. At 25° P. marneffei grows in a filamentous hyphal form and can undergo asexual development (conidiation) to produce spores (conidia), the infectious agent. At 37° P. marneffei grows in the pathogenic yeast cell form that replicates by fission. Switching between these growth forms, known as dimorphic switching, is dependent on temperature. To understand the process of dimorphic switching and the physiological capacity of the different cell types, two microarray-based profiling experiments covering approximately 42% of the genome were performed. The first experiment compared cells from the hyphal, yeast, and conidiation phases to identify “phase or cell-state–specific” gene expression. The second experiment examined gene expression during the dimorphic switch from one morphological state to another. The data identified a variety of differentially expressed genes that have been organized into metabolic clusters based on predicted function and expression patterns. In particular, C-14 sterol reductase–encoding gene ergM of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway showed high-level expression throughout yeast morphogenesis compared to hyphal. Deletion of ergM resulted in severe growth defects with increased sensitivity to azole-type antifungal agents but not amphotericin B. The data defined gene classes based on spatio-temporal expression such as those expressed early in the dimorphic switch but not in the terminal cell types and those expressed late. Such classifications have been helpful in linking a given gene of interest to its expression pattern throughout the P. marneffei dimorphic life cycle and its likely role in pathogenicity.
Construction of Reference Chromosome-Scale Pseudomolecules for Potato: Integrating the Potato Genome with Genetic and Physical Maps
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Bolser Daniel , de Boer Jan , Sønderkær Mads , Amoros Walter , Carboni Martin Federico , D’Ambrosio Juan Martín , de la Cruz German , Di Genova Alex , Douches David S , Eguiluz Maria , Guo Xiao , Guzman Frank , Hackett Christine A , Hamilton John P , Li Guangcun , Li Ying , Lozano Roberto , Maass Alejandro , Marshall David , Martinez Diana , McLean Karen , Mejía Nilo , Milne Linda , Munive Susan , Nagy Istvan , Ponce Olga , Ramirez Manuel , Simon Reinhard , Thomson Susan J , Torres Yerisf , Waugh Robbie , Zhang Zhonghua , Huang Sanwen , Visser Richard G F , Bachem Christian W B , Sagredo Boris , Feingold Sergio E , Orjeda Gisella , Veilleux Richard E , Bonierbale Merideth , Jacobs Jeanne M E , Milbourne Dan , Martin David Michael Alan , Bryan Glenn J 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The genome of potato, a major global food crop, was recently sequenced. The work presented here details the integration of the potato reference genome (DM) with a new sequence-tagged site marker−based linkage map and other physical and genetic maps of potato and the closely related species tomato. Primary anchoring of the DM genome assembly was accomplished by the use of a diploid segregating population, which was genotyped with several types of molecular genetic markers to construct a new ~936 cM linkage map comprising 2469 marker loci. In silico anchoring approaches used genetic and physical maps from the diploid potato genotype RH89-039-16 (RH) and tomato. This combined approach has allowed 951 superscaffolds to be ordered into pseudomolecules corresponding to the 12 potato chromosomes. These pseudomolecules represent 674 Mb (~93%) of the 723 Mb genome assembly and 37,482 (~96%) of the 39,031 predicted genes. The superscaffold order and orientation within the pseudomolecules are closely collinear with independently constructed high density linkage maps. Comparisons between marker distribution and physical location reveal regions of greater and lesser recombination, as well as regions exhibiting significant segregation distortion. The work presented here has led to a greatly improved ordering of the potato reference genome superscaffolds into chromosomal “pseudomolecules”.
A Mutation in the FHA Domain ofCoprinus cinereusNbs1 Leads to Spo11-Independent Meiotic Recombination and Chromosome Segregation
Authors: Crown K Nicole , Savytskyy Oleksandr P , Malik Shehre-Banoo , Logsdon John , Williams R Scott , Tainer John A , Zolan Miriam E 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNbs1, a core component of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex, plays an essential role in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and poorly understood roles in meiosis. We used the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus to examine the meiotic roles of Nbs1. We identified the C. cinereus nbs1 gene and demonstrated that it corresponds to a complementation group previously known as rad3. One allele, nbs1-2, harbors a point mutation in the Nbs1 FHA domain and has a mild spore viability defect, increased frequency of meiosis I nondisjunction, and an altered crossover distribution. The nbs1-2 strain enters meiosis with increased levels of phosphorylated H2AX, which we hypothesize represent unrepaired DSBs formed during premeiotic replication. In nbs1-2, there is no apparent induction of Spo11-dependent DSBs during prophase. We propose that replication-dependent DSBs, resulting from defective replication fork protection and processing by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex, are competent to form meiotic crossovers in C. cinereus, and that these crossovers lead to high levels of faithful chromosome segregation. In addition, although crossover distribution is altered in nbs1-2, the majority of crossovers were found in subtelomeric regions, as in wild-type. Therefore, the location of crossovers in C. cinereus is maintained when DSBs are induced via a Spo11-independent mechanism.
Prediction of Neonatal Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Neonates
Authors: Ge Wen J. , Mirea Lucia , Yang Junmin , Bassil Kate L. , Lee Shoo K. , Shah Prakeshkumar S. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate a statistical prediction model spanning the severity range of neonatal outcomes in infants born at ≤30 weeks’ gestation.METHODS:A national cohort of infants, born at 23 to 30 weeks’ gestation and admitted to level III NICUs in Canada in 2010–2011, was identified from the Canadian Neonatal Network database. A multinomial logistic regression model was developed to predict survival without morbidities, mild morbidities, severe morbidities, or mortality, using maternal, obstetric, and infant characteristics available within the first day of NICU admission. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using a concordance C-statistic and the Cg goodness-of-fit test, respectively. Internal validation was performed using a bootstrap approach.RESULTS:Of 6106 eligible infants, 2280 (37%) survived without morbidities, 1964 (32%) and 1251 (21%) survived with mild and severe morbidities, respectively, and 611 (10%) died. Predictors in the model were gestational age, small (&lt;10th percentile) for gestational age, gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology version II &gt;20, outborn status, use of antenatal corticosteroids, and receipt of surfactant and mechanical ventilation on the first day of admission. High model discrimination was confirmed by internal bootstrap validation (bias-corrected C-statistic = 0.899, 95% confidence interval = 0.894–0.903). Predicted probabilities were consistent with the observed outcomes (Cg P value = .96).CONCLUSIONS:Neonatal outcomes ranging from mortality to survival without morbidity in extremely preterm infants can be predicted on their first day in the NICU by using a multinomial model with good discrimination and calibration. The prediction model requires additional external validation.
Breastfeeding Concerns at 3 and 7 Days Postpartum and Feeding Status at 2 Months
Authors: Wagner Erin A. , Chantry Caroline J. , Dewey Kathryn G. , Nommsen-Rivers Laurie A. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:We characterized breastfeeding concerns from open-text maternal responses and determined their association with stopping breastfeeding by 60 days (stopping breastfeeding) and feeding any formula between 30 and 60 days (formula use).METHODS:We assessed breastfeeding support, intentions, and concerns in 532 expectant primiparas and conducted follow-up interviews at 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days postpartum. We calculated adjusted relative risk (ARR) and adjusted population attributable risk (PAR) for feeding outcomes by concern category and day, adjusted for feeding intentions and education.RESULTS:In 2946 interviews, 4179 breastfeeding concerns were reported, comprising 49 subcategories and 9 main categories. Ninety-two percent of participants reported ≥1 concern at day 3, with the most predominant being difficulty with infant feeding at breast (52%), breastfeeding pain (44%), and milk quantity (40%). Concerns at any postpartum interview were significantly associated with increased risk of stopping breastfeeding and formula use, with peak ARR at day 3 (eg, stopping breastfeeding ARR [95% confidence interval] = 9.2 [3.0–infinity]). The concerns yielding the largest adjusted PAR for stopping breastfeeding were day 7 “infant feeding difficulty” (adjusted PAR = 32%) and day 14 “milk quantity” (adjusted PAR = 23%).CONCLUSIONS:Breastfeeding concerns are highly prevalent and associated with stopping breastfeeding. Priority should be given to developing strategies for lowering the overall occurrence of breastfeeding concerns and resolving, in particular, infant feeding and milk quantity concerns occurring within the first 14 days postpartum.
Quality Indicators for High Acuity Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Stang Antonia S. , Straus Sharon E. , Crotts Jennifer , Johnson David W. , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Identifying gaps in care and improving outcomes for severely ill children requires the development of evidence-based performance measures. We used a systematic process involving multiple stakeholders to identify and develop evidence-based quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions relevant to any emergency department (ED) setting where children are seen.

METHODS:
A prioritized list of clinical conditions was selected by an advisory panel. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify existing indicators, as well as guidelines and evidence that could be used to inform the creation of new indicators. A multiphase, Rand-modified Delphi method consisting of anonymous questionnaires and a face-to-face meeting of an expert panel was used for indicator selection. Measure specifications and evidence grading were created for each indicator, and the feasibility and reliability of measurement was assessed in a tertiary care pediatric ED.

RESULTS:
The conditions selected for indicator development were diabetic ketoacidosis, status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis, status epilepticus, severe head injury, and sepsis. The majority of the 62 selected indicators reflect ED processes (84%) with few indicators reflecting structures (11%) or outcomes (5%). Thirty-seven percent (n = 23) of the selected indicators are based on moderate or high quality evidence. Data were available and interrater reliability acceptable for the majority of indicators.

CONCLUSIONS:
A systematic process involving multiple stakeholders was used to develop evidence-based quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions. Future work will test the reliability and feasibility of data collection on these indicators across the spectrum of ED settings that provide care for children.
Trends in Child Protection and Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Conn Anne-Marie , Szilagyi Moira A. , Franke Todd M. , Albertin Christina S. , Blumkin Aaron K. , Szilagyi Peter G. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND:Over the past decades, increased knowledge about childhood abuse and trauma have prompted changes in child welfare policy, and practice that may have affected the out-of-home (OOH) care population. However, little is known about recent national trends in child maltreatment, OOH placement, or characteristics of children in OOH care. The objective of this study was to examine trends in child maltreatment and characteristics of children in OOH care.METHODS:We analyzed 2 federal administrative databases to identify and characterize US children who were maltreated (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) or in OOH care (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System). We assessed trends between 2000 and 2010.RESULTS:The number of suspected maltreatment cases increased 17% from 2000 to 2010, yet the number of substantiated cases decreased 7% and the number of children in OOH care decreased 25%. Despite the decrease in OOH placements, we found a 19% increase in the number of children who entered OOH care because of maltreatment (vs other causes), a 36% increase in the number of children with multiple (vs single) types of maltreatment, and a 60% increase in the number of children in OOH care identified as emotionally disturbed.CONCLUSIONS:From 2000 to 2010, fewer suspected cases of maltreatment were substantiated, despite increased investigations, and fewer maltreated children were placed in OOH care. These changes may have led to a smaller but more complex OOH care population with substantial previous trauma and emotional problems.
Prandial Insulin Dosing Using the Carbohydrate Counting Technique in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dungan Kathleen M. , Sagrilla Colleen , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Osei Kwame 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
To compare a modified fixed meal dosing strategy to flexible meal dosing in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients (N = 126) with refractory hyperglycemia or requiring at least 20 units of insulin per day were randomly assigned to fixed meal dosing (including withholding the dose if less than half of the meal tray was consumed) or flexible meal dosing based upon carbohydrate intake. The inpatient diabetes management team made all treatment adjustments. Outcomes included day 3 mean glucose, 72-h glucose trend analysis, hypoglycemia (&lt;3.9 mmol/L), and inpatient diabetes treatment satisfaction.

RESULTS
The mean glucose on day 3 was 9.5 and 8.8 mmol/L in the fixed and flexible meal groups, respectively (P = 0.26). The frequency of hypoglycemia was 23 and 39% overall in the fixed and flexible meal groups (P = 0.08), with half of events occurring in the morning. There was a wide range of carbohydrate intake (median 51 g/meal, 10–90% range 26–72 g on day 3). The fixed dose group required significantly more prandial insulin overall and more correction insulin over time. There was no difference in composite treatment satisfaction or dosing miscalculations between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
A fixed meal dosing strategy provided similar glucose control as flexible meal dosing, when managed by an inpatient diabetes treatment team. However, a larger sample size would be needed to definitively evaluate a treatment effect of flexible meal dosing in the hospital. Further study is needed to improve the delivery of bolus insulin in hospitalized patients.
Impact of Sex and Age at Onset of Diabetes on Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Harjutsalo Valma , Maric-Bilkan Christine , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
To study whether ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) depends on the age at onset of diabetes and whether this effect is sex specific.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study examined long-term IHD-specific mortality in a Finnish population-based cohort of patients with early-onset (0–14 years) and late-onset (15–29 years) T1D (n = 17,306).

RESULTS
During 433,782 person-years of follow-up, 478 deaths from IHD were observed. Within the early-onset cohort, the average crude mortality rate in women was 33.3% lower than in men, whereas in the late-onset cohort, mortality was only one-half that in men. In contrast, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was higher in women than in men (21.6 [95% CI 17.2–27.0] vs. 5.8 [5.1–6.6]). The difference in SMR between sexes was more striking in the early-onset cohort (women 52.8 [36.3–74.5], men 12.1 [9.2–15.8]). The SMR was also greater in women in the late-onset cohort (15.8 [11.8–20.7]) compared with men (5.0 [4.3–5.8]). The relative risk of dying from IHD was greatest in women aged &lt;40 years and 40–60 years in the early- and late-onset cohorts, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of mortality from IHD is exceptionally high in women with early-onset T1D compared with women in the background population. These observations underscore the importance of identifying risk factors early in women and delivering more-aggressive treatment after diagnosis.
SIRS Is Valid in Discriminating Between Severe and Moderate Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Wukich Dane K. , Hobizal Kimberlee B. , Raspovic Katherine Marie , Rosario Bedda L. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
This retrospective, single-center study was designed to distinguish severe diabetic foot infection (DFI) from moderate DFI based on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The database of a single academic foot and ankle program was reviewed and 119 patients were identified. Severe DFI was defined as local infection associated with manifestation of two or more objective findings of systemic toxicity using SIRS criteria.

RESULTS
Patients with severe DFI experienced a 2.55-fold higher risk of any amputation (95% CI 1.21–5.36) and a 7.12-fold higher risk of major amputation (1.83–41.05) than patients with moderate DFI. The risk of minor amputations was not significantly different between the two groups (odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI 0.51–2.28]). The odds of having a severe DFI was 7.82 times higher in patients who presented with gangrene (2.03–44.81) and five times higher in patients who reported symptoms of anorexia, chills, nausea, or vomiting (2.22–11.25). The mean hospital length of stay for patients with severe DFI was ∼4 days longer than for patients with moderate DFI, and this difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
SIRS is valid in distinguishing severe from moderate DFI in hospitalized patients. Patients with severe DFI, as by manifesting two or more signs of systemic inflammation or toxicity, had higher rates of major amputation and longer hospital stays and required more surgery and more subsequent admissions than patients who did not manifest SIRS.
The Total Graph of a Commutative Semiring
Authors: Atani Shahabaddin Ebrahimi , Saraei Fatemeh Esmaeili Khalil 
Published: September 2013

Abstract We introduce and investigate the total graph of a commutative semiring with non-zero identity. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the definition and some results given in [2] to a more general semiring case.
On the Growth of Solutions of Some Second Order Linear Differential Equations with Entire Coefficients
Authors: Belaïdi Benharrat , Habib Habib 
Published: September 2013

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the order and the hyper-order of growth of solutions of the linear differential equation where n≥2 is an integer, Aj (z) (≢0) (j = 1,2) are entire functions with max {σ A(j) : (j = 1,2} < 1, Q (z) = qmzm + ... + q1z + q0 is a nonoonstant polynomial and a1, a2 are complex numbers. Under some conditions, we prove that every solution f (z) ≢ 0 of the above equation is of infinite order and hyper-order 1.
A necessary and sufficient condition for some steady Ricci solitons to have positive asymptotic volume ratio
Authors: Gao Xiang 
Published: September 2013

Abstract In this paper, we firstly establish a useful ODE relationship between R1(c) and V1(c) on the steady Ricci soliton. Based on this, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for some complete noncompact steady gradient Ricci solitons to have positive asymptotic volume ratio.
Controlled G-Frames and Their G-Multipliers in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Rahimi Asghar , Fereydooni Abolhassan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract Multipliers have been recently introduced by P. Balazs as operators for Bessel sequences and frames in Hilbert spaces. These are opera- tors that combine (frame-like) analysis, a multiplication with a fixed sequence ( called the symbol) and synthesis. One of the last extensions of frames is weighted and controlled frames that introduced by P.Balazs, J-P. Antoine and A. Grybos to improve the numerical efficiency of iterative algorithms for inverting the frame operator. Also g-frames are the most popular generalization of frames that include almost all of the frame extensions. In this manuscript the concept of the controlled g- frames will be defined and we will show that controlled g-frames are equivalent to g-frames and so the controlled operators C and C' can be used as preconditions in applications. Also the multiplier operator for this family of operators will be introduced and some of its properties will be shown.