bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber‐Supported Poly(ammonium methanesulfonate)s as Active and Recyclable Heterogeneous Brønsted Acid Catalysts
Authors: Shi Xian‐Lei , Xing Xiaoli , Lin Huikun , Zhang Wenqin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new polyacrylonitrile fiber‐supported Brønsted acid catalyst has been developed and verified to efficiently (high yield, 10 cycles) mediate Biginelli reactions in ethanol, Pechmann condensations in toluene, Friedel–Crafts alkylations of indoles in water and conversion of fructose in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and mixed‐aqueous system.magnified image
Continuous Synthesis of Organozinc Halides Coupled to Negishi Reactions
Authors: Alonso Nerea , Miller L. Zane , de M. Muñoz Juan , Alcázar Jesus , McQuade D. Tyler 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Negishi cross‐coupling is a powerful CC bond forming reaction. The method is less commonly used relative to other cross‐coupling methods in part due to lack of availability of organozinc species. While organozinc species can be prepared, problems with reproducibility and handling of these sensitive species can complicate these reactions. Herein, we describe the continuous formation, using an activated packed‐bed of metallic zinc, and subsequent use of organozinc halides. We demonstrate that a single column of zinc can provide excellent yields of organozinc halides and that they can be used downstream in subsequent Negishi cross‐couplings. The preparation of the zinc column and the scope of the reaction are discussed.magnified image
One‐Pot Sandmeyer Trifluoromethylation and Trifluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Bayarmagnai Bilguun , Matheis Christian , Risto Eugen , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPractical one‐pot procedures were developed for both Sandmeyer‐type trifluoromethylations and trifluoromethylthiolations. Starting from broadly available (hetero)aromatic amines, various benzotrifluorides were synthesized in high yields via in situ diazotization and copper‐mediated trifluoromethylation using the inexpensive Ruppert–Prakash trifluoromethylating reagent. In the presence of sodium thiocyanate as a sulfur source, aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers are exclusively formed.magnified image
Methionine and Buthionine Sulfoximines: Syntheses under Mild and Safe Imidation/Oxidation Conditions
Authors: Buglioni Laura , Bizet Vincent , Bolm Carsten 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMethionine and buthionine sulfoximines (MSO and BSO) are non‐natural amino acids known to inhibit the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). The current syntheses of these biologically active molecules involve harsh reaction conditions and the use of hazardous reagents for the sulfur imidation. Here, improved syntheses of MSO and BSO are presented including safe and mild one‐pot imidation/oxidation sequences and single‐step deprotections of three different functionalities.magnified image
Temperature‐Sensitive Composite Films: Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(vinyl acetate)/Polystyrene/ Polypyrrole Ternary Composites
Authors: Eşsİz Serpİl , Sari Bekİr 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(vinyl acetate)/polystyrene/polypyrrole (PVAc/PS/PPy) ternary composites were synthesized by chemical polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidant agent. Temperature‐sensitive folding films of PVAc/PS/PPy ternary composites were prepared by casting on glass Petri dishes. The formation of polymer and ternary composites was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electronic transitions of polymers were determined by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The conductivities of polymers were measured by a four‐probe technique and were found in the range of 10−3 to 10−4 S cm−1. Morphological studies show that all composite films have a smooth surface. The root‐mean‐square (rms) roughness of all films is found to be in the range of 0.145–0.212 nm. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis show that incorporation of PPy in composites improves the thermal stability. X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the amorphous nature of PPy and its ternary composites.
Atherosclerosis in mummified human remains from Vilnius, Lithuania (18th–19th centuries AD): A computed tomographic investigation
Authors: Piombino‐Mascali Dario , Jankauskas Rimantas , Tamošiūnas Algirdas , Valančius Ramūnas , Thompson Randall C. , Panzer Stephanie 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThrough the study of preserved human remains, it is now known that atherosclerosis, commonly thought to be a modern disease, also existed in historic and prehistoric periods. To date, however, little evidence of atherosclerosis has been reported in samples of tissues from spontaneously mummified bodies that are often found in European crypts and churches.MethodsWithin the framework of the Lithuanian Mummy Project, whole‐body computed tomographic scans of seven spontaneous mummies from a crypt in Vilnius were obtained and assessed for indications of atherosclerosis.ResultsThree of the mummies investigated showed clear evidence of atherosclerosis, which was at times quite severe. Atherosclerosis is believed to have been prevalent among affluent members of Lithuanian society, which is corroborated by historical sources.ConclusionsIn accordance with recent, significant data, this study further demonstrates the antiquity of this disease. Documentary and ethnographic data suggest that lifestyle may have played a role in the onset of atherosclerosis in these individuals. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:676–681, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The economic burden of disease by industry: Differences in quality‐adjusted life years and associated costs
Authors: Tolbert Davina V. , McCollister Kathryn E. , LeBlanc William G. , Lee David J. , Fleming Lora E. , Muennig Peter 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThis study compares differences in quality‐adjusted life expectancy across the eight original National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) industry sectors.MethodsData from the 1997 to 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to estimate quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) for all workers and by NORA sector. Differences in QALYs were calculated and translated into economic values using estimates of the societal willingness‐to‐pay per QALY.ResultsMean QALYs across workers was 29.17 years. Among NORA sectors, wholesale, and retail trade workers had the highest average QALYs remaining (35.88), while mining workers had the lowest QALYs (31.4). The economic value of this difference ranges from $604,843 to $1,155,287 per worker depending on the societal willingness‐to‐pay per QALY.ConclusionThe value of life lost within some industries is very high relative to others. Additional investments in occupational safety, benefits, and health promotion initiatives may reduce these losses, but experimental research is needed to assess the effectiveness of such programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:757–763, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat‐related illness in Washington State agriculture and forestry sectors
Authors: Spector June T. , Krenz Jennifer , Rauser Edmund , Bonauto David K. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundWe sought to describe heat‐related illness (HRI) in agriculture and forestry workers in Washington State.MethodsDemographic and clinical Washington State Fund workers' compensation agriculture and forestry HRI claims data (1995–2009) and Washington Agriculture Heat Rule citations (2009–2012) were accessed and described. Maximum daily temperature (Tmax) and Heat Index (HImax) were estimated by claim date and location using AgWeatherNet's weather station network.ResultsThere were 84 Washington State Fund agriculture and forestry HRI claims and 60 Heat Rule citations during the study period. HRI claims and citations were most common in crop production and support subsectors. The mean Tmax (HImax) was 95°F (99°F) for outdoor HRI claims. Potential HRI risk factors and HRI‐related injuries were documented for some claims.ConclusionsAgriculture and forestry HRI cases are characterized by potential work‐related, environmental, and personal risk factors. Further work is needed to elucidate the relationship between heat exposure and occupational injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:881–895, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Syntheses of α‐Silyl Amines via a Copper‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Nucleophilic Silicon Transfer to Imines
Authors: Zhao Chunliang , Jiang Chenran , Wang Jing , Wu Cai , Zhang Qing‐Wei , He Wei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe developed an efficient and enantioselective method for the synthesis of chiral α‐silyl amines. In the presence of a copper(I)‐chiral monodentate N‐heterocyclic carbene complex (5 mol %), smooth nucleophilic silicon transfer from Me2PhSiBpin (pin=pinacolato) to tosyl‐protected aldimines affords the corresponding α‐silyl amines in 77–93 % yields over 15 examples and satisfactory ee of 79–99 %. The asymmetric silylation of ketimines was also explored.
para‐Nitroblebbistatin, the Non‐Cytotoxic and Photostable Myosin II Inhibitor
Authors: Képiró Miklós , Várkuti Boglárka H. , Végner László , Vörös Gergely , Hegyi György , Varga Máté , Málnási‐Csizmadia András 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBlebbistatin, the best characterized myosin II‐inhibitor, is commonly used to study the biological roles of various myosin II isoforms. Despite its popularity, the use of blebbistatin is greatly hindered by its blue‐light sensitivity, resulting in phototoxicity and photoconversion of the molecule. Additionally, blebbistatin has serious cytotoxic side effects even in the absence of irradiation, which may easily lead to the misinterpretation of experimental results since the cytotoxicity‐derived phenotype could be attributed to the inhibition of the myosin II function. Here we report the synthesis as well as the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a photostable, C15 nitro derivative of blebbistatin with unaffected myosin II inhibitory properties. Importantly, para‐nitroblebbistatin is neither phototoxic nor cytotoxic, as shown by cellular and animal tests; therefore it can serve as an unrestricted and complete replacement of blebbistatin both in vitro and in vivo.
Geostatistical modelling of spatial distribution of sperm whales in the Pelagos Sanctuary based on sparse count data and heterogeneous observations
Authors: Fiori Cristina , Giancardo Luca , Aïssi Mehdi , Alessi Jessica , Vassallo Paolo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The Mediterranean sperm whale sub‐population is classified as endangered by the IUCN. The conservation management of this species demands further knowledge of its habitat use.
In this study, a generalized additive model was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of sperm whales in the Pelagos Sanctuary.
The results suggested a preference for areas characterized by a particular sea floor topography. The estimated encounter probabilities were highest above bathymetric features such as the Imperia and Genoa canyons and the seamounts of the Ligurian Sea, highlighting differences in the habitat preference of sperm whales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) movements within the western Mediterranean Sea through photo‐identification
Authors: Carpinelli Eva , Gauffier Pauline , Verborgh Philippe , Airoldi Sabina , David Léa , Di‐Méglio Nathalie , Cañadas Ana , Frantzis Alexandros , Rendell Luke , Lewis Tim , Mussi Barbara , Pace Daniela Silvia , De Stephanis Renaud 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The Mediterranean sperm whale sub‐population is considered ‘Endangered’ by both ACCOBAMS and the IUCN. Conservation policies require protected species populations to be monitored, but the distribution and movements of sperm whales across the Mediterranean Sea are still poorly understood.
To provide insight into sperm whale movements, the photo‐identification catalogue from the Strait of Gibraltar was compared with seven other collections: (a) the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sperm Whale Catalogue (NAMSC), and with photo‐identification catalogues from (b) the Alboran Sea, Spain, (c) the Balearic Islands, Spain, (d) the Corso‐Provençal Basin, France, (e) the Western Ligurian Sea, Italy, (f) the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, and (g) the Hellenic Trench, Greece.
Of 47 sperm whales identified in the Strait of Gibraltar between 1999 and 2011 a total of 15 animals (32%) were photographically recaptured in other sectors of the western Mediterranean Sea in different years. None of the Strait of Gibraltar sperm whales were resighted in Atlantic waters or in the eastern Mediterranean basin.
These results indicate long‐range movements of the species throughout the whole western Mediterranean Sea, with a maximum straight‐line distance of about 1600 km. The absence of any photographic recaptures between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean supports the genetic evidence of an isolated sub‐population within the Mediterranean Sea.
Long‐term photo‐identification efforts and data sharing between institutions should be further encouraged to provide basic information necessary for the implementation of effective sperm whale conservation measures in the whole basin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sociality of sperm whale off Ischia Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
Authors: Pace Daniela S. , Miragliuolo Angelo , Mariani Monica , Vivaldi Carlotta , Mussi Barbara 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is one of the eight species of cetaceans routinely encountered in the Mediterranean Sea; however, information on the social organization of sperm whales living in the basin remains scarce.
The social behaviour of sperm whales within female units, and groups of males are reported, made over an 11‐year period (2002–2012) in waters around the islands of Ischia and Ventotene (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), an area characterized by the presence of a submarine canyon system and a coastal marine protected area (‘Regno di Nettuno’ MPA).
Different types of aggregations were identified, consisting of social units and two arrangements of males (bachelor groups and clusters). Close clustering at the surface was recorded both for social units and bachelor groups, with evidence for long‐term relationships between females (as expected from other studies) and, surprisingly, also among some immature males.
Such long‐term associations between individuals in bachelor groups may allow immature males to benefit in several ways, including optimizing feeding efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early inflammatory response in epithelial ovarian tumor cyst fluids
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Björg , Partheen Karolina , Fung Eric T. , Yip Christine , Levan Kristina , Sundfeldt Karin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMortality rates for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are high, mainly due to late‐stage diagnosis. The identification of biomarkers for this cancer could contribute to earlier diagnosis and increased survival rates. Given that chronic inflammation plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression, we selected and tested 15 cancer‐related cytokines and growth factors in 38 ovarian cyst fluid samples. We used ovarian cyst fluid since it is found in proximity to the pathology and mined it for inflammatory biomarkers suitable for early detection of EOC. Immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput sample fractionation were obtained by using tandem antibody libraries bead and mass spectrometry. Two proteins, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) and interleucin‐8 (IL‐8/CXCL8), were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the malignant (n = 16) versus benign (n = 22) tumor cysts. Validation of MCP‐1, IL‐8, and growth‐regulated protein‐α (GROα/CXCL1) was performed with ELISA in benign, borderline, and malignant cyst fluids (n = 256) and corresponding serum (n = 256). CA125 was measured in serum from all patients and used in the algorithms performed. MCP‐1, IL‐8, and GROα are proinflammatory cytokines and promoters of tumor growth. From 5‐ to 100‐fold higher concentrations of MCP‐1, IL‐8 and GROα were detected in the cyst fluids compared to the serum. Significant (P < 0.001) cytokine response was already established in borderline cyst fluids and stage I EOC. In serum a significant (P < 0.01) increase of IL‐8 and GROα was found, but not until stage I and stage III EOC, respectively. These findings confirm that early events in tumorigenesis can be analyzed and detected in the tumor environment and we conclude that ovarian cyst fluid is a promising source in the search for new biomarkers for early ovarian tumors.
Elucidating the Structure–Property Relationships of Donor–π‐Acceptor Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) through Rapid Library Synthesis by a One‐Pot Procedure
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Sakae , Maitani Masato M. , Wada Yuji , Ogomi Yuhei , Hayase Shuzi , Katoh Ryuzi , Kaiho Tatsuo , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe creation of organic dyes with excellent high power conversion efficiency (PCE) is important for the further improvement of dye‐sensitized solar cells. We wish to describe the rapid synthesis of a 112‐membered donor‐π‐acceptor dye library by a one‐pot procedure, evaluation of PCEs, and elucidation of structure–property relationships. No obvious correlations between ε, and the η were observed, whereas the HOMO and LUMO levels of the dyes were critical for η. The dyes with a more positive EHOMO, and with an ELUMO<−0.80 V, exerted higher PCEs. The proper driving forces were crucial for a high Jsc, and it was the most important parameter for a high η. The above criteria of EHOMO and ELUMO should be useful for creating high PCE dyes; nevertheless, that was not sufficient for identifying the best combination of donor, π, and acceptor blocks. Combinatorial synthesis and evaluation was important for identifying the best dye.
Silicon Meets Cyclotron: Muon Spin Resonance of Organosilicon Radicals
Authors: West Robert , Samedov Kerim , Percival Paul W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMuons, generated at a high‐powered cyclotron, can capture electrons to form muonium atoms. Muon spin resonance spectra can be recorded for organosilyl radicals obtained by addition of muonium atoms to silylenes and silenes. We present a brief summary of progress in this new area since the first such experiments were reported in 2008.
Scalable, Transition‐Metal‐Free Direct Oxime O‐Arylation: Rapid Access to O‐Arylhydroxylamines and Substituted Benzo[b]furans
Authors: Gao Hongyin , Xu Qing‐Long , Keene Craig , Kürti László 
Published: June 2014

AbstractO‐Aryloximes, generated from readily available and inexpensive oximes through transition‐metal‐free O‐arylation, can either be hydrolyzed to O‐arylhydroxylamines or conveniently converted to structurally diverse benzo[b]furans through an environmentally benign, one‐pot [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement/cyclization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Valence State Driven Site Preference in the Quaternary Compound Ca5MgAgGe5: An Electron‐Deficient Phase with Optimized Bonding.
Authors: Ponou Simeon , Lidin Sven , Zhang Yuemei , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCa5Mg0.95Ag1.05Ge5 is synthesized by solid state reaction of the elements in the atomic ratio Ca:Mg:Ag:Ge = 3:1:1:2 (Nb/Ta tube, Ar atmosphere, 870 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Strontium Metallides Along the Section SrIn4— SrHg4.
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Roehr Caroline 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe phase widths of SrIn4 and related Sr3In11 upon successive substitution of In by Hg are studied by a combination of synthetic (melting of the elements, 1275 K, 20 K/h cooling rate), single‐crystal XRD, and bond‐theoretical methods.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Oxidation of the Three‐Dimensional Aromatics [B12X12]2‐(X: F, Cl, Br, I).
Authors: Jenne Carsten , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe chemical oxidation of the closo‐dodecaborate dianions [B12X12]2‐ (X: F, Cl, Br, I) with the strong oxidizer AsF5 in liquid SO2 and the electrochemical oxidation of the dianions are investigated by cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry, UV/VIS, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy, single crystal XRD, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2HgS5 — A Molecular Trisulfide Salt with Dumbbell‐Like (HgS2)2‐ Ions.
Authors: Islam Saiful M. , Im Jino , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by slow cooling of a molten stoichiometric mixture of BaS, HgS, and elemental sulfur (silica tube, 575 °C, 12 h, 93% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Concentration Na Doping of SrRuO3 and CaRuO3.
Authors: Seki Hayato , Yamada Ryuta , Saito Takashi , Kennedy Brendan J. , Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHighly Na‐doped perovskite‐type ruthenates Sr1‐xNaxRuO3 (x = 0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) and Ca1‐yNayRuO3 (y = 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3 or CaCO3 and Ru metal (1273 K, 12 h in air), followed by high temperature/high pressure treatment of the obtained powders in the presence of Na2O2 (Au capsules, 6—9 GPa, 1173 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Halo‐Substituted Alkyl Aryl and Heteroaryl Ketones: Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐Fluoxetine and (S)‐Duloxetine.
Authors: Zhou Ji‐Ning , Fang Qiang , Hu Yi‐Hu , Yang Li‐Yao , Wu Fei‐Fei , Xie Lin‐Jie , Wu Jing , Li Shijun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of chiral alcohols, e.g. compounds (II) and (IV), is prepared by enantioselective hydrosilylation of corresponding ketone precursors using cupric acetate and a P‐Phos ligand as catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition/Thioesterification of Thiols with α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylated Succinimides.
Authors: Zhao Bo‐Liang , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds in high yields to afford potential bioactive β‐sulfated thioester derivatives (III) (30 examples) with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitrogen‐ and Carbon‐Containing Nucleophiles by Ultrasound Activation.
Authors: Du Xiu‐Jiang , Wang Zhi‐Peng , Hou Yan‐Ling , Zhang Cheng , Li Zheng‐Ming , Zhao Wei‐Guang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractConjugate addition of a variety of different nucleophiles to cyclic enones is achieved in the presence of TosOH as the catalyst under ultrasound irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolylthiazole and Pyrazolyl‐1,2,4‐triazepine Derivatives
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Bebair Tarek M. , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstractvia reaction of carbothioamides (I) with acetylenedicarboxylate (II) (yields not given)
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic and Steric Effects on the Intramolecular Schmidt Reaction of Alkyl Azides with Secondary Benzyl Alcohols.
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Gao Chengzhe , Zhang Fan , Song Zhuang , Kong Lingyi , Wen Xiaoan , Sun Hongbin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe intramolecular Schmidt reaction of azido secondary alcohols is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of C—C Single Bonds Adjacent to Functional Groups by Metal—Ligand Cooperation.
Authors: Kusumoto Shuhei , Akiyama Midori , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeveral catalysts are synthesized and investigated for the dehydrogenation of different substrates [e.g. (I)] (no yields are given).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Insecticidal Activity of (Z)‐Nitenpyram Derivatives with Optical Activity.
Authors: Wu Ying , Sun Chuan‐Wen , Zhang Wang‐Geng , Wang Jing , Chen Yan‐Xia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroducing a bulky group into nitenpyram leads to a series consisting of fourteen novel title derivatives.