bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil health indicators for predicting corn nitrogen requirement in long‐term cover cropping
Authors: Pokhrel Sapana , Maguire Rory O. , Thomason Wade E. , Stewart Ryan , Flessner Michael , Reiter Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfforts to address economic and environmental concerns surrounding nitrogen (N) have motivated attempts to improve estimates of plant‐available N in soil. Several soil health indicators, including CO2 burst, permanganate oxidizable carbon (C) (POXC), and autoclaved‐citrate extractable (ACE) soil protein, assess labile C and N, and therefore may help to estimate soil N mineralization in long‐term cover cropping systems (>3 years). This study evaluated the relationship of CO2 burst, POXC, ACE‐soil protein, and pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) with agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) in corn (Zea mays L.). The study also looked at relationship between other soil test and corn yield parameters, relative yield (RY) and yield without N sidedress at 25 long‐term cover crop sites across Virginia. Results showed relatively weak correlations between AONR and CO2 burst, POXC, ACE‐soil protein, and NO3‐N (r = 0.00 to −0.48), which indicates that these soil health tests may not reliably predict soil N availability and corn yield. Corn yield with zero‐sidedress N rate had a negative relationship with cover crop C:N ratio (r = −0.66) and a positive relationship with cover crop N content (r = 0.59), and NO3‐N at pre‐planting (r = 0.54) and sidedress (PSNT) (r = 0.63). The PSNT showed a better relationship (r = 0.65) compared to 72‐h CO2 burst (r = 0.48) with RY. Soil health indicators (CO2 burst, POXC and ACE‐soil protein) resulted in a poor or no relationship with AONR. Our results indicate that the PSNT was a more reliable indicator of the sidedress N rate in corn.
Anxiety and depression are associated with heightened risk of incident deep vein thrombosis: Mediation through stress‐related neural mechanisms
Authors: Rosovsky Rachel P. , Mezue Kenechukwu , Gharios Charbel , Civieri Giovanni , Cardeiro Alexander , Zureigat Hadil , Lau Hui Chong , Pitman Roger K. , Shin Lisa , Abohashem Shady , Osborne Michael T. , Jaffer Farouc A. , Tawakol Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControversy exists as to whether anxiety and depression increase deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk, and the mechanisms mediating potential links remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety and depression and DVT risk and determine whether upregulated stress‐related neural activity (SNA), which promotes chronic inflammation, contributes to this link. Our retrospective study included adults (N = 118 871) enrolled in Mass General Brigham Biobank. A subset (N = 1520) underwent clinical 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT imaging. SNA was measured as the ratio of amygdalar to cortical activity (AmygAC). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also obtained. Median age was 58 [interquartile range (IQR) 42–70] years with 57% female participants. DVT occurred in 1781 participants (1.5%) over median follow‐up of 3.6 years [IQR 2.1–5.2]. Both anxiety and depression independently predicted incident DVT risk after robust adjustment (HR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.38–1.71], p < .001; and 1.48 [1.33–1.65], p < .001, respectively). Additionally, both anxiety and depression associated with increased AmygAC (standardized beta [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.04–0.27], p = .007, and 0.17 [0.05–0.29], p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, AmygAC associated with incident DVT (HR [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.07–1.59], p = .009). Mediation analysis demonstrated that the link between anxiety/depression and DVT was mediated by: (1) higher AmygAC, (2) higher hs‐CRP, and (3) lower HRV ( < .05 for each). Anxiety and depression confer an attributable risk of DVT similar to other traditional DVT risk factors. Mechanisms appear to involve increased SNA, autonomic system activity, and inflammation. Future studies are needed to determine whether treatment of anxiety and depression can reduce DVT risk.
Ecological and genetic variables co‐vary with social group identity to shape the gut microbiome of a pair‐living primate
Authors: Whitney Tabor L. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Diakiw Laura O. , Christie Diana M. , Ting Nelson , Amato Katherine R. , Tecot Stacey R. , Baden Andrea L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrimates exhibit diverse social systems that are intricately linked to their biology, behavior, and evolution, all of which influence the acquisition and maintenance of their gut microbiomes (GMs). However, most studies of wild primate populations focus on taxa with relatively large group sizes, and few consider pair‐living species. To address this gap, we investigate how a primate's social system interacts with key environmental, social, and genetic variables to shape the GM in pair‐living, red‐bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer). Previous research on this species suggests that social interactions within groups influence interindividual microbiome similarity; however, the impacts of other nonsocial variables and their relative contributions to gut microbial variation remain unclear. We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA hypervariable V4–V5 region to characterize the GM from 26 genotyped individuals across 11 social groups residing in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We estimated the degree to which sex, social group identity, genetic relatedness, dietary diversity, and home range proximity were associated with variation in the gut microbial communities residing in red‐bellied lemurs. All variables except sex played a significant role in predicting GM composition. Our model had high levels of variance inflation, inhibiting our ability to determine which variables were most predictive of gut microbial composition. This inflation is likely due to red‐bellied lemurs' pair‐living, pair‐bonded social system that leads to covariation among environmental, social, and genetic variables. Our findings highlight some of the factors that predict GM composition in a tightly bonded, pair‐living species and identify variables that require further study. We propose that future primate microbiome studies should simultaneously consider environmental, social, and genetic factors to improve our understanding of the relationships among sociality, the microbiome, and primate ecology and evolution.
Dental topography of prosimian premolars predicts diet: A comparison in premolar and molar dietary classification accuracies
Authors: de Vries Dorien , Winchester Julie M. , Fulwood Ethan L. , St. Clair Elizabeth M. , Boyer Doug M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study tests whether (1) premolar topography of extant “prosimians” (strepsirrhines and tarsiers) successfully predicts diet and (2) whether the combination of molar and premolar topography yields higher classification accuracy than using either tooth position in isolation.Materials and MethodsDental topographic metrics (ariaDNE, relief index, and orientation patch count rotated) were calculated for 118 individual matched‐pairs of mandibular fourth premolars (P4) and second molars (M2). The sample represents 7 families and 22 genera. Tooth variables were analyzed in isolation (P4 only; M2 only), together (P4 and M2), and combined (PC1 scores of bivariate principal component analyses of P4 and M2 for each metric). Discriminant function analyses were conducted with and without a measure of size (two‐dimensional surface area).ResultsWhen using topography only, “prosimian” P4 shape predicts diet with a success rate that is slightly higher than that of M2 shape. When absolute size is included, premolars and molars perform comparably well. Including both premolar and molar topography (separately or combined) improves classification accuracy for every analysis beyond considering either in isolation. Classification accuracy is highest when premolar and molar topography and size are included.DiscussionOur findings indicate that molar teeth incompletely summarize the functional requirements of oral food breakdown for a given diet, and that the mechanism selecting for premolar form is more varied than what is expressed by molar teeth. Finally, our findings suggest that fossil P4s (in isolation or with the M2) can be used for meaningful dietary reconstruction of extinct primates.
Impact of sociodemographic status and sex on chronic rhinosinusitis and olfaction in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Han Ethan J. , Liu Christine M. , Fischer Jakob L. , Mace Jess C. , Markarian Karolin , Alt Jeremiah A. , Bodner Todd E. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Eshaghian Patricia H. , Gao Yuqing A. , Getz Anne E. , Hwang Peter H. , Khanwalkar Ashoke , Kimple Adam J. , Lee Jivianne T. , Li Douglas A. , Norris Meghan , Nayak Jayakar V. , Owens Cameran , Patel Zara M. , Poch Katie , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Kristine A. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Turner Grant A. , Wang Marilene B. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Saavedra Milene T. , Beswick Daniel M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSociodemographic status (SDS) including race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status as approximated by education, income, and insurance status impact pulmonary disease in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). The relationship between SDS and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains understudied.MethodsIn a prospective, multi‐institutional study, adult PwCF completed the 22‐Question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Smell Identification Test (SIT), Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder Negative Statements (QOD‐NS), and Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R). Lund–Kennedy scores, sinus computed tomography, and clinical data were collected. Data were analyzed across race/ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic factors using multivariate regression.ResultsSeventy‐three PwCF participated with a mean age of 34.7 ± 10.9 years and 49 (67.1%) were female. Linear regression identified that elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) use (β = ‒4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [‒6.08, ‒2.11], p < 0.001), female sex (β = ‒2.14, 95% CI [‒4.11, ‒0.17], p = 0.034), and increasing age (β = ‒0.14, 95% CI [‒0.22, ‒0.05], p = 0.003) were associated with lower/better endoscopy scores. Private health insurance (β = 17.76, 95% CI [5.20, 30.32], p = 0.006) and >16 educational years (β = 13.50, 95% CI [2.21, 24.80], p = 0.020) were associated with higher baseline percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1). Medicaid/Medicare insurance was associated with worse endoscopy scores, CFQ‐R respiratory scores, and ppFEV1 (all p < 0.017), and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with worse SNOT‐22 scores (p = 0.047), prior to adjustment for other cofactors. No other SDS factors were associated with SNOT‐22, QOD‐NS, or SIT scores.ConclusionsDifferences in objective measures of CRS severity exist among PwCF related to sex, age, and ETI use. Variant status and race did not influence patient‐reported CRS severity measures or olfaction in this study. Understanding how these factors impact response to treatment may improve care disparities among PwCF.Clinical TrialsNCT04469439
Effects of a multidomain intervention against cognitive decline on dementia risk profiles — Results from the AgeWell.de trial
Authors: Zülke Andrea E. , Pabst Alexander , Luppa Melanie , Oey Anke , Weise Solveig , Fankhänel Thomas , Kosilek Robert P. , Schillok Hannah , Brettschneider Christian , Czock David , Wiese Birgitt , Thyrian Jochen René , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Frese Thomas , Gensichen Jochen , König Hans‐Helmut , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia risk scores constitute promising surrogate outcomes for lifestyle interventions targeting cognitive function. We investigated whether dementia risk, assessed using the LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) index, was reduced by the AgeWell.de intervention.METHODSSecondary analyses of the AgeWell trial, testing a multicomponent intervention (including optimization of nutrition, medication, and physical, social, and cognitive activity) in older adults with increased dementia risk. We analyzed data from n = 461 participants with complete information on risk/protective factors comprised by LIBRA at the 24‐month follow‐up. Intervention effects on LIBRA and LIBRA components were assessed using generalized linear models.RESULTSThe intervention reduced LIBRA scores, indicating decreased dementia risk at follow‐up (b = –0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –1.14, –0.12). Intervention effects were particularly due to improvements in diet (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.22) and hypertension (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.18).DISCUSSIONThe AgeWell.de intervention reduced dementia risk. However, several risk factors did not improve, possibly requiring more intensive interventions.Highlights
The AgeWell.de intervention reduced dementia risk according to LIfestyle for BRAin health (LIBRA) scores.
Beneficial effects on LIBRA are mainly due to changes in diet and blood pressure.
A pragmatic lifestyle intervention is apt to reduce dementia risk in an at‐risk population.
A [2.2]Isoindolinophanyl‐Based Carbene (iPC) Ligand: Synthesis, Electronic and Photophysical Properties, and Application in Photocatalysis**
Authors: Maity Sabyasachi , Muthig André M. T. , Sen Indranil , Mrózek Ondřej , Belyaev Andrey , Hupp Benjamin , Steffen Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclic amino(alkyl) and cyclic amino(aryl) carbenes (cAACs/cAArCs) have been established as very useful ligands for catalytic and photonic applications of transition metal complexes. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a structurally related sterically demanding, electrophilic [2.2]isoindolinophanyl‐based carbene (iPC) that bears a [2.2]paracyclophane moiety. The latter leads to more delocalized frontier orbitals and intense green fluorescence of (HiPC)OTf (2) from an intra‐ligand charge transfer (1ILCT) state in the solid state. Base‐promoted synthesis of the free carbene led to an unusual ring expansion and subsequent dimerization reaction, but the beneficial ligand properties can be exploited by trapping in situ at a metal center. The iPC ligand is a very potent π‐chromophore, which participates in low energy metal‐to‐ligand (ML)CT transitions in [RhCl(CO)2(iPC)] (4) and IL‐“through‐space”‐CT transitions in [Au(iPC)2]OTf (5). The steric demand of the iPC leads to high stability of 5 against air, moisture, or solvent attack, and ultralong‐lived green phosphorescence with a lifetime of 185 μs is observed in solution. The beneficial photophysical and electronic properties of the iPC ligand, including a large accessible π surface area, were exploited by employing highly efficient energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis in a [2+2] styrene cycloaddition reaction using 5, which outperformed other established photocatalysts in comparison.
Synergizing Steric Hindrance and Stacking Interactions To Facilitate the Controlled Assembly of Multiple 41 Metalla‐Knots and Pseudo‐Solomon Links
Authors: Zou Yan , Bao Shu‐Jin , Tang Haitong , Zhang Hai‐Ning , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, a noncoplanar terphenyl served as a building block to synthesize a novel 3,3′‐substituted bipyridyl ligand (L1) which further reacted with binuclear half‐sandwich units A/B, giving rise to two aesthetic 41 metalla‐knots in high yields via a coordination‐driven self‐assembly strategy. Furthermore, given the inherent compactness of the 41 metalla‐knots, it creates favorable conditions for the emergence of steric repulsion. We focused on progressively introducing nitrogen atoms featuring a lone pair of electrons (LPEs) into ligand L1 to manipulate the balance of H⋅⋅⋅H/LPEs⋅⋅⋅LPEs steric repulsion during the assembly process, ultimately achieving controlled assembly from 41 metalla‐knots to the pseudo‐Solomon link and then to molecular tweezer‐like assembly facilitated by stacking interactions. All the assemblies were well characterized by solution‐state NMR techniques, ESI‐TOF/MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The evolutionary process of the topological architectures is equivalent to visualizing the synergistic effect of steric hindrance and stacking interactions on structural assembly, providing a new avenue for achieving the controlled synthesis of different topologies.
Pnictogen‐Bonding Enzymes
Authors: Renno Giacomo , Chen Dongping , Zhang Qing‐Xia , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Sakai Naomi , Ward Thomas R. , Matile Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create artificial enzymes that capitalize on pnictogen bonding, a σ‐hole interaction that is essentially absent in biocatalysis. For this purpose, stibine catalysts were equipped with a biotin derivative and combined with streptavidin mutants to identify an efficient transfer hydrogenation catalyst for the reduction of a fluorogenic quinoline substrate. Increased catalytic activity from wild‐type streptavidin to the best mutants coincides with the depth of the σ hole on the Sb(V) center, and the emergence of saturation kinetic behavior. Michaelis–Menten analysis reveals transition‐state recognition in the low micromolar range, more than three orders of magnitude stronger than the millimolar substrate recognition. Carboxylates preferred by the best mutants contribute to transition‐state recognition by hydrogen‐bonded ion pairing and anion‐π interactions with the emerging pyridinium product. The emergence of challenging stereoselectivity in aqueous systems further emphasizes compatibility of pnictogen bonding with higher order systems catalysis.
A Rhodamine‐Spiropyran Conjugate Empowering Tunable Mechanochromism in Polymers under Multiple Stimuli
Authors: Sun Ze‐Ying , Li Yiran , Wu Mengjiao , He Weiye , Yuan Yuan , Cao Yi , Chen Yulan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanochromic functionality realized via the force‐responsive mechanophores in polymers has great potential for damage sensing and information storage. Mechanophores with the ability to recognize multiple stimuli for tunable chromic characteristics are highly sought after for versatile sensing ability and color programmability. Nevertheless, the majority of mechanophores are based on single‐component chromophores with limited sensitivity, or require additional fabrication technology for multi‐modal chromism. Here, we report a novel multifunctional mechanophore capable of vividly detectable and tunable mechanochromism in polymers. This synergistic optical coupling relies on strategically fusing rhodamine and spiropyran (Rh−SP), and tethering polymer chains on both subunits. The mechanochromic behaviors of the Rh−SP‐linked polymers under sonication and compression are thoroughly evaluated in response to changes in force and the light‐controlled relaxation process. Non‐sequential ring‐opening of the two subunits under force is identified, endowing high‐contrast mechanochromism. Light‐induced differential ring‐closing reactions of the two subunits, together with the acidichromism of the SP moiety, are employed to engineer elastomers with programmable and wide‐spectrum colors. Our work presents an effective strategy for highly appreciable and regulable mechanochromic functionality, and also provides new insights into the rupture mechanisms of π‐fused mechanophores, as well as how the stimuli history controls stress accumulation in polymers.
Large Scale Synthesis of a Stable Prefunctionalized Silver Nanocluster
Authors: He Rui‐Lin , Hu Feng , Guan Zong‐Jie , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the stability issue, It is difficult to prepare a silver nanocluster bearing functional sites, especially at a large scale. We report the synthesis and structure of a stable silver nanocluster bearing multiple surface aldehyde groups [Ag21(Ph2PO2)10(p‐CHOPhC≡C)6]SbF6, which allows for postsynthesis modification such as surface functionalization through aldimine condensation to give homochiral clusters. Remarkably, the preparation of this cluster can be done in ~90 % high yield at gram scale, which facilitates further studies and potential applications. Through DFT calculations and geometric structure analysis, the high stability of this cluster is attributed to the geometric closure and electronic structure. This is the first time that an effective one‐pot method has been developed to synthesize functional silver nanoclusters in high yield. The title cluster will be useful in the development of a variety of cluster‐based materials.
Lewis Acid‐Tethered (cAAC)—Copper Complexes: Reactivity for Hydride Transfer and Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Song Hayoung , Szymczak Nathaniel K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a series of borane‐tethered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC)‐copper complexes, including a borane‐capped Cu(I) hydride. This hydride is unusually hydridic and reacts rapidly with both CO2 and 2,6‐dimethylphenol at room temperature. Its reactivity is distinct from variants without a tethered borane, and the underlying principles governing the enhanced hydricity were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. These stoichiometric results were extended to catalytic CO2 hydrogenation, and the borane‐tethered (intramolecular) system exhibits ~3‐fold enhancement relative to an intermolecular system.
Chemical bonding and hydrogen bonding facilitated higher interfacial interaction of PA6/BF/POSS composites
Authors: Li Guang‐Zhao , Yu Hao , Zhang Hongwei , Han Rui , He Pan , Cao Jiaxuan , Lu Qian , Liu Gen , Chen Gang , Wang Wenyan , Wan Weicai , Wei Yujun , Zhang Shuai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work investigated the composites (PA6/BF) made of basalt fiber (BF) and nylon 6. To improve the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the polymer matrix, and to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites, polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) with epoxide groups was introduced to modify the surface of BFs using the slurry coating method. It is revealed that the mechanical properties of the composites increased and then decreased with increasing POSS coating. The composite PA6/BF‐POSS3 with BFs modified with a POSS solution of 3.0 wt% showed the best properties. The tensile strength of PA6/BF‐POSS3 was 130.8 MPa, 26.4% higher than that of the PA6/BF and 126.3% higher than that of neat PA6. In addition, PA6/BF‐POSS3 exhibited a 5% weight loss temperature of 417.7, 35.6°C higher than that of PA6/BF. The chemical bonding formed between the amide and epoxide groups, and the hydrogen bonding formed between the amide groups and hydroxyl groups were believed to be the main reasons for the improved interfacial interaction and improved properties.