bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context-dependent correlation between resting metabolic rate and daily energy expenditure in wild chipmunks
Authors: Careau Vincent , Réale Denis , Garant Dany , Pelletier Fanie , Speakman John R. , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: October 2012

SummarySeveral empirical studies have shown that variation in daily energy expenditure (DEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) is influenced by environmental and individual factors, but whether these shared influences are responsible for, or independent of, relationships between DEE and RMR remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to i) simultaneously evaluate the effects of environmental and individual variables on DEE and RMR in free-ranging eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and ii) quantify the correlation between DEE and RMR before and after controlling for common sources of variation. We found that the influence of individual factors on DEE and RMR are most often shared, whereas the influence of environmental factors tends to be distinct. Both raw and mass-adjusted DEE and RMR were significantly correlated, but this correlation vanished after accounting for the shared effect of reproduction on both traits. However, within reproductive individuals, DEE and RMR remained positively correlated after accounting for all other significant covariates. The ratio of DEE to RMR was significantly higher during reproduction than at other times of the year and was negatively correlated with ambient temperature. DEE and RMR appear to be inherently correlated during reproduction, but this correlation does not persist during other, less energy-demanding periods of the annual cycle.
Pronounced heritable variation and limited phenotypic plasticity in visual pigments and opsin expression of threespine stickleback photoreceptors
Authors: Novales Flamarique Iñigo , Cheng Christiana , Bergstrom Carolyn , Reimchen Tom 
Published: October 2012

SummaryVertebrate colour vision is mediated by the differential expression of visual pigment proteins (opsins) in retinal cone photoreceptors. Many species alter opsin expression during life, either as part of development or as a result of changes in habitat. The latter, a result of phenotypic plasticity, appears common among fishes, but its cellular origin and ecological significance are unknown. Here, we used adult threespine stickleback fish from different photic regimes to investigate heritable variability and phenotypic plasticity in opsin expression. Fish from clear waters had double cones that expressed long (LWS) and middle (RH2) wavelength opsins, one per member. In contrast, fish from red light-shifted lakes had double cones that were &gt;95% LWS/LWS pairs. All fish had single cones that predominantly expressed a short wavelength (SWS2) opsin but ultraviolet cones, expressing a SWS1 opsin, were present throughout the retina. Fish from red light-shifted lakes, when transferred to clear waters, had a ~2% increase in RH2/LWS double cones, though double cone density remained constant. Comparison of visual pigment absorbance and light transmission in the environment indicated that the opsin complements of double cones maximized sensitivity to the background light, whereas single cones had visual pigments that were spectrally offset from the dominant background wavelengths. Our results indicate that phenotypic plasticity in opsin expression is minor in sticklebacks and may be functionally inconsequential.
Oral nifedipine versus intravenous labetalol in hypertensive urgencies and emergencies of pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sathya Lakshmi B , Dasari Papa 
Published: October 2012

Background: Hypertensive crisis is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To compare the efficacy of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol. Materials and methods: One hundred women with hypertensive crisis were randomized to receive either oral nifedipine 10 mg or intravenous labetalol 20 mg. Oral nifedipine was given 10 mg stat followed by 10 mg every 30 minutes up to a maximum of 50 mg. Intravenous labetalol was given 20 mg stat followed by 40 mg 30 minutes later then two more doses of 80 mg every 30 minutes up to a maximum of 220 mg. The primary outcome was the number of doses required to achieve target blood pressure (BP) and time required to reduce the mean arterial pressure by 25%. Secondary outcomes analysed included additional drugs required, resurgence of hypertensive crisis. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), mixed ANOVA, unpaired t-test and chi square test and P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were lower than baseline at all time points of follow-up in both nifedipine and labetalol groups ( P < 0.01). P < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA for overall trend of changes in SBP, DBP and MAP for within-group effects in both nifedipine and labetalol groups and P < 0.05 by mixed ANOVA for between-group effects during entire observation period. The magnitude of fall in SBP, DBP and MAP was greater in the labetalol group compared with the nifedipine group ( P < 0.05). Target BP was achieved in 90% in the nifedipine group and 92% in the labetalol group. Maternal and fetal adverse effects were infrequent. Conclusion: Both oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol are effective in the treatment of hypertensive crisis. Intravenous labetalol may have benefits because it is more effective in reducing the SBP, DBP and MAP to target levels with a lower number of doses.
Extending the theatre experience: The potential for wearable and onstage cameras
Authors: Stenton Phil , Geelhoed Erik , Pollard Stephen , Porter Gary , Bellaar-Spruijt Vanessa 
Published: October 2012

The National Theatre has led the way in the delivery of live theatre experiences to audiences in cinemas. Audience data suggests that the programme has introduced the theatre experience to a broader audience beyond theatre-goers unable to get tickets for sell-out shows. The success
of NT Live led NESTA to conclude that a better understanding of what works for audiences and what does not with respect to digital innovation is ‘crucial for the competitiveness of the Creative Industries in the UK’.
This study presents the analysis of the Extended Theatre Experience
project and compares the reactions to a performance captured using camera locations and one that incorporates views from cameras worn by the actors and in the stage props. Home and cinema screenings are compared. Statistical analysis of the data collected is presented and conclusions are drawn
regarding the effectiveness of onstage shots to create a sense of the immediacy of the live performance.
Generalized glucocorticoid resistance caused by a novel two-nucleotide deletion in the hormone-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1
Authors: Donner Kati M , Hiltunen Timo P , Jänne Olli A , Sane Timo , Kontula Kimmo 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveGeneralized glucocorticoid resistance is characterized by impaired cortisol signaling, resulting from mutations of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) geneNR3C1. The objective of our study was to identify the causative mutation in a patient with clinical manifestations compatible with generalized glucocorticoid resistance and to determine the functional consequences of the mutation. The possible occurrence ofNR3C1mutations in a selected group of hypertensive subjects with low plasma renin and aldosterone levels was also explored.PatientsThe proband, a male athlete, was diagnosed with hypertension associated with low plasma renin activity and low serum aldosterone concentration at the age of 27 years. Liddle's syndrome was suspected and the patient was treated with amiloride with initial success. Subsequent examinations revealed elevated serum cortisol and ACTH levels, with resistance to suppression with low doses of dexamethasone. After identification of anNR3C1mutation in the proband, the available family members and 51 nonrelated hypertensive subjects with low plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations were also studied.ResultsA two-nucleotide deletion in exon 9α, predicted to cause a frameshift mutation (p.L773VfsX25) in the hormone-binding domain of the GR, was identified in the patient in a heterozygous form. Affected brother and father died of premature coronary heart disease. Functional studies in COS-1 cells showed that this mutation eliminates both ligand-binding and transactivation ability of the receptor. No pathogenicNR3C1mutations were identified in 51 unrelated hypertensive patients with low plasma renin and aldosterone levels.ConclusionWe identified a novel frameshift mutation inNR3C1as the cause of glucocorticoid resistance. The mutation eliminates the functional activity of the GR, as studied byin vitroexperiments. Mutations inNR3C1do not seem to be common causes for hypertension with low renin and aldosterone levels.
Study of carbohydrate metabolism indices and adipocytokine profile and their relationship with androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome after menopause
Authors: Markopoulos Marios C , Valsamakis George , Kouskouni Evangelia , Boutsiadis Anastassios , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Creatsas George , Mastorakos George 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveHyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and altered adipocytokine levels characterize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women of reproductive age. Hyperandrogenism persists in postmenopausal PCOS women. In the latter, this study aimed at investigating carbohydrate metabolism, adipocytokines, androgens, and their relationships.Subjects and methodsBlood sampling from overweight postmenopausal women (25 PCOS and 24 age- and BMI-matched controls) at baseline and during oral glucose tolerance test for measurement of insulin and glucose levels, baseline leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein 4, lipocalin-2, androgen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and for calculation of insulin sensitivity (glucose-to-insulin ratio (G/I), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI)), resistance (homeostasis mathematical model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), secretion (Δ of the area under the curve of insulin (ΔAUCI), first-phase insulin secretion (1st PHIS), and second-phase insulin secretion (2nd PHIS)), and free androgen indices (FAI).ResultsPCOS women had higher insulin secretion indices, hs-CRP, androgen, and FAI levels than controls without differing in baseline glucose, insulin and adipocytokines levels, insulin sensitivity, and resistance indices. In PCOS women, FAI levels correlated positively with baseline insulin, ΔAUCI, HOMA-IR, and ΔAUCG and negatively with G/I; hs-CRP levels correlated positively with ΔAUCI and negatively with ISI. PCOS status, waist circumference, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were positive predictors for ΔAUCI. In all women, waist circumference was a negative predictor for ISI; 17-OHP and FAI levels were positive predictors respectively for baseline insulin levels and for 1st PHIS and 2nd PHIS.ConclusionsEarly postmenopausal PCOS women are characterized by hyperinsulinemia but attenuated insulin resistance. PCOS status and waist circumference are predictors of hyperinsulinemia while insulin sensitivity correlates negatively with FAI. The differences reported in adipocytokine levels between PCOS and non-PCOS women in reproductive years seem to disappear after menopause.
Ballast water regulations and the move toward concentration‐based numeric discharge limits
Authors: Albert Ryan J. , Lishman John M. , Saxena Juhi R. 
Published: October 2012

Ballast water from shipping is a principal source for the introduction of nonindigenous species. As a result, numerous government bodies have adopted various ballast water management practices and discharge standards to slow or eliminate the future introduction and dispersal of these nonindigenous species. For researchers studying ballast water issues, understanding the regulatory framework is helpful to define the scope of research needed by policy makers to develop effective regulations. However, for most scientists, this information is difficult to obtain because it is outside the standard scientific literature and often difficult to interpret. This paper provides a brief review of the regulatory framework directed toward scientists studying ballast water and aquatic invasive species issues. We describe different approaches to ballast water management in international, U.S. federal and state, and domestic ballast water regulation. Specifically, we discuss standards established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the U.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and individual states in the United States including California, New York, and Minnesota. Additionally, outside the United States, countries such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand have well‐established domestic ballast water regulatory regimes. Different approaches to regulation have recently resulted in variations between numeric concentration‐based ballast water discharge limits, particularly in the United States, as well as reliance on use of ballast water exchange pending development and adoption of rigorous science‐based discharge standards.To date, numeric concentration‐based discharge limits have not generally been based upon a thorough application of risk‐assessment methodologies. Regulators, making decisions based on the available information and methodologies before them, have consequently established varying standards, or not established standards at all. The review and refinement of ballast water discharge standards by regulatory agencies will benefit from activity by the scientific community to improve and develop more precise risk‐assessment methodologies.
Clinical Effectiveness of Diode Laser Therapy as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Dukić Walter , Bago Ivona , Aurer Andrej , Roguljić Marija 
Published: October 2012

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical study is to evaluate the effect of a 980‐nm diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment.Methods: Thirty‐five patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for the split‐mouth clinical study. SRP was performed using a sonic device and hand instruments. Quadrants were equally divided between the right and left sides. Teeth were treated with SRP in two control quadrants (control groups [CG]), and the diode laser was used adjunctively with SRP in contralateral quadrants (laser groups [LG]). Diode laser therapy was applied to periodontal pockets on days 1, 3, and 7 after SRP. Baseline data, including approximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded before the treatment and 6 and 18 weeks after treatment. Changes in PD and CAL were analyzed separately for initially moderate (4 to 6 mm) and deep (7 to 10 mm) pockets.Results: The results were similar for both groups in terms of API, BOP, PD in deep pockets, and CAL. The laser group showed only significant PD gain in moderate pockets during the baseline to 18‐week (P <0.05) and 6‐ to 18‐ week (P <0.05) periods, whereas no difference was found between LG and CG in the remaining clinical parameters (P >0.05).Conclusion: The present study indicates that, compared to SRP alone, multiple adjunctive applications of a 980‐nm diode laser with SRP showed PD improvements only in moderate periodontal pockets (4 to 6 mm).
Auditor Perceptions of Client Narcissism as a Fraud Attitude Risk Factor
Authors: Johnson Eric N. , Kuhn John R. , Apostolou Barbara A. , Hassell John M. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
Auditing standards prescribe that the auditor should consider client management's attitude toward fraud when making fraud risk assessments. However, little guidance is provided in the auditing standards or the existing fraud literature on observable indicators of fraud attitude. We test whether observable indicators of narcissism, a personality trait linked to unethical and fraudulent behavior, is viewed by auditors as an indicator of increased fraud attitude risk. We administered an experiment to 101 practicing auditors from one international public accounting firm who assessed fraud risk based on a scenario in which client manager narcissism (attitude) and fraud motivation were each manipulated at two levels (low and high). Our results show that narcissistic client behavior and fraud motivation are significantly and positively related to auditors' overall fraud risk assessments. Implications of these findings for further research and the auditing profession are discussed.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The effect of preoperative antimicrobial administration on culture results in dogs undergoing cystotomy
Authors: Buote Nicole J. , Kovak-McClaran Janet R. , Loar Andrew S. , Cherrone Karen L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of preoperative antimicrobial administration on culture results in dogs undergoing cystotomy as a treatment for urolithiasis.
Design—Prospective controlled study.
Animals—41 dogs undergoing cystotomy for cystic calculi removal.
Procedures—Urine samples were collected at time of anesthetic induction and during surgery prior to cystotomy, and a mucosal biopsy and culturette swab was collected during surgery from a control group, which received antimicrobials only after surgical culture sample collection, and from an experimental group, which received antimicrobials at the time of anesthetic induction.
Results—17 of 41 patients had positive culture results at anesthetic induction. Twenty of 41 patients had positive results of cultures for the surgical sample. No dogs that had positive results before antimicrobial administration had negative results after antimicrobial administration. There were no significant changes to urinalysis results regardless of group. Calcium monohydrate uroliths were the most common stone removed (24/41), followed by magnesium ammonium phosphate uroliths (11/41).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—There was no difference in culture results (positivity and bacterial type) when antimicrobials were given at anesthetic induction versus after surgical culture sample collection for dogs undergoing cystotomy for cystic calculi removal.
Couples face au cancer
Authors: Proia-Lelouey Nadine , Lemoignie Sylvie 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article rend compte d’une recherche sur le vécu des couples confrontés au cancer. La qualité de vie du patient et de son entourage devient de plus en plus cruciale au fur et à mesure que s’accroît l’espérance de vie des personnes atteintes. Le couple constitue une entité psychique spécifique qui résulte de la dynamique intersubjective entre conjoints. Cette entité peut être atteinte en cas de maladie grave. L’étude servant d’appui à cet article porte sur l’annonce de la maladie, la période des traitements et la rémission. Il est ainsi mis en évidence que le « syndrome de Lazare » ne concerne pas que la personne malade, mais également le conjoint et que l’homéostasie du couple est perturbée bien au-delà de l’annonce de la rémission.
La servitude et le volontaire : les usages politiques du travail invisible dans les parcs de la ville de New York
Authors: Krinsky John , Simonet Maud 
Published: October 2012

En s’appuyant sur une recherche sur les transformations de la main-d’œuvre chargée de l’entretien des parcs municipaux à New York, cet article se propose de montrer combien le travail des bénévoles d’une part et celui des allocataires de l’aide sociale contraints de travailler d’autre part ( workfare ), s’avèrent, depuis la crise budgétaire des années 1970, nécessaires au bon fonctionnement, voire à la survie du département des parcs et jardins de la ville. Si tout éloigne ces deux catégories de travailleurs atypiques qui appartiennent à des classes sociales souvent diamétralement opposées et s’inscrivent dans des rapports au travail d’entretien, des formes de reconnnaissance sociale et des régimes de mobilisation pour le moins différents, travailleurs bénévoles et workfare workers se ressemblent pourtant dans les usages que la municipalité a pu faire de leur travail, un travail non reconnu comme tel et non rémunéré, invisibilisé, au nom de la citoyenneté qu’il exprime ou permettrait de regagner.
Travailleurs inachevés et syndicalisation paradoxale : ce que nous apprend le cas des pompiers volontaires
Authors: Pudal Romain 
Published: October 2012

Cet article est consacré au service public d’incendie et de secours qui fonctionne en France sur un modèle particulier puisque le volontariat y est massif (près de 200 000 pompiers volontaires soit 80 % de l’effectif total). À côté des professionnels et des militaires, ce sont donc des pompiers volontaires (étudiants, salariés, chômeurs...) qui accomplissent les missions de secours en étant rémunérés à la vacation horaire. En partant de l’idée de J.-N. Retière selon laquelle depuis plusieurs années la compétence supplante le dévouement comme qualité principale d’un volontaire, nous montrons les effets actuels de cette évolution en terme de professionnalisation croissante de cet engagement. Celle-ci génère des tensions et des contradictions internes que plusieurs réformes récentes relevant d’une privatisation des services publics viennent encore accentuer. Face à l’injonction au professionnalisme dont ils font l’objet, les pompiers volontaires commencent à se syndiquer, phénomène qui marque une nouvelle étape dans un processus de visibilisation et de reconnaissance de ces travailleurs inachevés.
Contester et subir : formes et fondements de la critique sociale des travailleurs détenus
Authors: Guilbaud Fabrice 
Published: October 2012

À partir d’enquêtes de terrain dans sept prisons, l’article porte sur la critique sociale formulée par des détenus (femmes et hommes) au sujet de leurs conditions d’emploi et de salaire. Le décalage entre leurs conditions et le droit commun (absences de contrat de travail et de protection sociale, salaire à la pièce), l’expérience vécue du travail (en prison et avant) et la connaissance de l’actualité sociale sont au fondement de répertoires d’actions concentrés sur la faiblesse des salaires et le niveau des cadences. Malgré l’interdiction du droit de grève, la critique sociale peut se transformer en action collective. Les détenus sont conscients de subir un déni de droit ; leurs discours et leurs pratiques montrent qu’ils se considèrent comme des travailleurs salariés et qu’ils agissent comme tels.
L'Europe des gaullistes
Authors: Manigand Christine 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les relations entre les groupes politiques gaullistes et les institutions parlementaires européennes n’ont jamais été analysées en profondeur. Afin de les éclairer, l’auteur s’attache à scruter le comportement des représentants gaullistes qui siégèrent dans les différentes assemblées européennes après le congrès de La Haye, en 1948, et jusqu’à 1979, date de l’élection au suffrage universel du Parlement européen. Si l’attitude gaulliste face à la construction communautaire ne fut pas univoque ou monolithique, cet article révèle qu’elle fut plus complexe encore qu’il n’y paraît de prime abord, influencée peut-être par l’atmosphère plus conviviale des premières assemblées européennes.