bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to control the spurious currents in a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method and to improve the implementation of initial condition
Authors: Leclaire Sébastien , Pellerin Nicolas , Reggio Marcelo , Trépanier Jean‐Yves 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMultiphase lattice Boltzmann methods are known to generate spurious or parasitic currents at the fluid–fluid interfaces. This nonphysical phenomenon has to be avoided, or at least controlled, in order to achieve reliable solutions. In this article, a method to control these fictitious velocities via lattice refinement is proposed, which is based on interface thickness control for which both the spurious currents and the physical fluid–fluid interface thickness vanishes as the spatial resolution increases. It has been found that a proper interface thickness adjustment is required as the lattice refinement is applied, or an increase in spurious currents, instead of a reduction, can occur. By combining the new method with an appropriate multiphase flow initialization, the overall stability for high density O(1000) and viscosity O(100) ratios is greatly improved. Although this research has been conducted with a Rothman and Keller type lattice Boltzmann model, it is believed that other types of multiphase lattice Boltzmann models could benefit from the basic ideas underlying this research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study of Early Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Authors: Zhang Heping , Baldwin Don A. , Bukowski Radek K. , Parry Samuel , Xu Yaji , Song Chi , Andrews William W. , Saade George R. , Esplin M. Sean , Sadovsky Yoel , Reddy Uma M. , Ilekis John , Varner Michael , Biggio Joseph R. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Genomic and Proteomic Network for Preterm Birth Research (GPN‐PBR)
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPreterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research, the genetic contributions to spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) are not well understood. Term controls were matched with cases by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and parity prior to recruitment. Genotyping was performed using Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 assays. Statistical analyses utilized PLINK to compare allele occurrence rates between case and control groups, and incorporated quality control and multiple‐testing adjustments. We analyzed DNA samples from mother–infant pairs from early SPTB cases (200/7–336/7 weeks, 959 women and 979 neonates) and term delivery controls (390/7–416/7 weeks, 960 women and 985 neonates). For validation purposes, we included an independent validation cohort consisting of early SPTB cases (293 mothers and 243 infants) and term controls (200 mothers and 149 infants). Clustering analysis revealed no population stratification. Multiple maternal SNPs were identified with association P‐values between 10 × 10–5 and 10 × 10–6. The most significant maternal SNP was rs17053026 on chromosome 3 with an odds ratio (OR) 0.44 with a P‐value of 1.0 × 10–6. Two neonatal SNPs reached the genome‐wide significance threshold, including rs17527054 on chromosome 6p22 with a P‐value of 2.7 × 10–12 and rs3777722 on chromosome 6q27 with a P‐value of 1.4 × 10–10. However, we could not replicate these findings after adjusting for multiple comparisons in a validation cohort. This is the first report of a genome‐wide case‐control study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that correlate with SPTB.
Genetic contribution of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase in hippocampal structural and functional changes of female migraine sufferers
Authors: Liu Jixin , Lan Lei , Mu Junya , Zhao Ling , Yuan Kai , Zhang Yi , Huang Liyu , Liang Fanrong , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhysiological and emotional stressors are associated with or provoke each migraine attack and cause structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. The hippocampus, a limbic structure important in anxiety‐related behavior, is vulnerable to long‐term stress. Given that catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) is widely distributed in the hippocampus and its genetic variation is thought to contribute to the interindividual variability in pain perception and anxiety regulation, whether or not migraine and COMT val158met genotype have an interactive effect in the key brain area related to maladaptive stress, the hippocampus, is still poorly understood. Using T1‐weighted and resting functional MRI, we evaluated the effect of COMT genetic variations on migraine and possible interactions between COMT and the disease in brain structure and function in 135 females with migraine without aura (MWoA) and 111 matched health controls (HC). Optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity (FC) analyses were applied. From the whole brain VBM analysis, we found a significant disease × genotype interaction in the hippocampus, which overlapped with disease‐related increase of gray matter (GM) in val homozygote migraineurs. In our results, increased GM in the hippocampus was only found in val homozygote MWoA compared to val homozygote HC. Moreover, FC between the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex was significantly decreased in val homozygotes, and it was negatively correlated with self‐rating anxiety scale values.Our results indicated that brain structure and function of the hippocampus are differentially affected by migraine in val homozygotes compared with met carriers. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1782–1795, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Perspective of Safety Engineers on Safety Climate
Authors: Braunger Paul , Korunka Christian , Kubicek Bettina , Frank Hermann , Lueger Manfred 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate safety climate and how it relates to the safety performance of employees from the perspective of safety engineers. Using Griffin and Neal's (2000) safety climate model as a theoretical basis, we hypothesized that the organizational safety climate is a higher‐order construct that relates to the safety compliance of employees and their safety participation via the mediating roles of safety knowledge and safety motivation. Hypotheses were tested among 236 safety engineers working in the wood and metal‐processing industries in Austria. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that safety climate is a higher‐order construct comprising manager values, safety communication, safety practices, safety training, and safety equipment. Moreover, from the perspective of safety engineers, the safety climate of the organizations was related to employee safety motivation, which in turn related to their safety compliance and safety participation. In contrast to our assumptions, the safety knowledge of employees was, in the view of safety engineers, neither related to employee safety compliance nor to their safety participation. Multigroup analysis revealed no differences between internally and externally employed safety engineers for these relations. Thus, although the safety climate model was generally confirmed from an engineer's perspective, engineers rated motivational aspects of safety climate is more important compared to knowledge aspects.
An Analysis of Applicability using Quality Metrics for Ontologies on Ontology Design Patterns
Authors: Lantow Birger , Sandkuhl Kurt 
Published: January 2015

SummaryOntology design patterns (ODPs) provide best‐practice solutions for common or recurring ontology design problems. This work focuses on content ODPs, which form small ontologies themselves and thus can be subject to ontology quality metrics in general. We investigate the use of such metrics for content ODP evaluation in terms of metrics applicability and validity. The quality metrics used for this investigation are taken from existing work in the area of ontology quality evaluation. We discuss the general applicability to content ODP of each metric considering its definition, ODP characteristics, and the defined goals of ODPs. The research process presented in this paper has two phases. In the first phase, we conducted a literature research in the area of metrics for assessing ontology quality. The second phase consisted of a two‐step evaluation of the ontology metrics identified in the literature analysis. During the first step, we investigated whether the metrics are appropriate to differentiate between content ODPs of different quality. Metrics that proved to be applicable were calculated for a random set of 14 content ODPs. In the second step, a controlled experiment, the quality indicated by the metric value was contrasted with the perception of ontology engineers; that is, do ‘measured quality’ and ‘perceived quality’ match?. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alantolactone Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Lung Squamous Cancer SK‐MES‐1 Cells
Authors: Zhao Peng , Pan Zhenxiang , Luo Yungang , Zhang Leilei , Li Xin , Zhang Guangxin , Zhang Yifan , Cui Ranji , Sun Mei , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAlantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone compound, has variety of pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic effects. In our study, alantolactone inhibited cancer cell proliferation. To explore the mechanisms underlying its antitumor action, we further examined apoptotic cells and cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry analysis. Alantolactone triggered apoptosis and induced cell cycle G1/G0 phase arrest. Furthermore, the expressions of caspases‐8, ‐9, ‐3, PARP, and Bax were significantly upregulated, while antiapoptotic factor Bcl‐2 expression was inhibited. In addition, the expressions of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, cyclin D3, and cyclin D1 were downregulated by alantolactone. Therefore, our findings indicated that alantolactone has an antiproliferative role on lung squamous cancer cells, and it may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for squamous lung cancer SK‐MES‐1 cells.
The influence of polyamic acid molecular weight on the membrane structure and performance of polyimide solvent‐resistant nanofiltration
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Song Keying , Cao Bing , Li Li , Pan Kai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyimide (PI) solvent‐resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes were prepared by a two‐step method. The polyamic acid (PAA) precursor was synthesized first, and then PAA membranes were obtained via a non‐solvent induced phase separation method. Finally, the PAA membranes were transformed into PI membranes by the thermal imidization method. The effect of molecular weight of precursor on the structure and performance of PI membranes was investigated in detail. In addition, the influence of other processing parameters, such as evaporation time and immersion time in the coagulation bath, on the performance of PI membranes prepared from PAA with different molecular weights was also investigated.RESULTSThe results showed that the structure of PI membrane varied with PAA molecular weight. The PI membranes prepared from low molecular weight PAA failed to form a defect‐free membrane with enough strength, and resulted in high flux but low rejection. Accordingly, PI membranes processed from PAA with high molecular weight retain rejection higher than 90% of FCF with decreased flux. The results also indicated that the optimized molecular weight of PAA should be between 1.23 × 105 g mol−1 and 2.44 × 105 g mol−1 to prepare defect‐free PI membrane for nanofiltration. The results also showed that the performance of the PI membranes can be controlled by adjusting the evaporation time, immersion time, and also the operating pressure.CONCLUSIONSThe PAA molecular weight has a great effect on the morphology and performance of PI membranes. A suitable PAA molecular weight is necessary for preparing defect‐free PI nanofiltration membrane. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Meridional position biases of East Asian subtropical jet stream in CMIP5 models and their relationship with ocean model resolutions
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Haiming , Lin Pengfei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) stream in each of the 20 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) is evaluated against the ERA‐interim product. The multi‐model ensemble mean (MME) simulates a reasonably realistic climatology of the EASJ; however, the MME EASJs are shifted southward in all seasons in comparison with the observations. Upon closer inspection, it is found that only in the coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) with relatively coarse ocean model resolutions are the simulated EASJs shifted southward remarkably in all four seasons; for those CGCMs with relatively high ocean model resolutions, the simulated EASJs are shifted northward, indicating that the simulated meridional location of the EASJ is closely related to the horizontal resolution in the ocean model. Based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and composite analyses, the simulated meridional location of the EASJ is closely associated with the sea surface temperature (SST) over the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) region, with southward (northward) shift of the EASJ corresponding to low (high) SSTs. The CGCMs with relatively low (high) ocean model resolutions generally simulate negative (positive) SST biases over the KOE region with an SST decrease (increase) of about −3 K (+2 K) in comparison with the MME. Through a mixed‐layer heat budget analysis, it is revealed that the SST differences between the models with coarse and fine ocean components are mainly attributed to the ocean heat transport effect.
Climate change impacts on reference crop evapotranspiration in North‐West hydrological region of Bangladesh
Authors: Mojid M. A. , Rannu R. P. , Karim N. N. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTClimate change is a critical global environmental challenge that has rigorous impacts on crop‐water demand and a number of other systems, such as hydrological systems and ecosystems. Reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) being a hydrological parameter reflects the integrated effects of various climatic parameters. Consequently, any variations in the climatic parameters induce variability in ETo. This study identified the accountable climatic parameters for the variability of ETo in Dinajpur and Bogra districts of the North‐West hydrological region of Bangladesh. ETo was determined by FAO Penman–Monteith method from the daily weather parameters of the two districts for a period of 21 years (1990–2010). Trends of ETo and its governing climatic parameters over the years were detected and quantified. Correlations between ETo and the governing parameters were determined. The results revealed decreasing trends of ETo in most of the months of the year during the study period in both districts. The climatic parameters causing the observed trends in ETo differed over the months of the year. The combine effects of decreasing net radiation and wind speed, and increasing mean daily air temperature and saturation vapour pressure deficit contributed reducing ETo in the study area. These results, by enhancing our understanding of the effects of climate variability and climate change on ETo, will help sustainable planning of water resources utilization in agriculture of the region.
CO2‐Redispersible Polymer Latexes with Low Glass Transition Temperatures
Authors: Gariepy Dan , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: January 2015

In this work, acrylic latexes are prepared through surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). CO2‐responsive 2‐(diethyl)aminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) is used as a co‐monomer. The resulting latexes can be easily coagulated by adding a small amount of caustic soda. Once washed, coagulated particles could be redispersed into water to prepare stable latexes with CO2 and ultrasonication. CO2‐redispersibility of the latexes is examined as a function of glass transition temperature of the polymers having different MMA/BA ratios. It is found that, while high MMA content latexes are easily CO2‐redispersed, it is challenging to re‐disperse high BA content latexes. For latex particles with T
g below ambient conditions, coagulation with caustic soda leads to the fusion of individual particles, and the particles are no longer redispersible. This work provides a mechanistic insight and practical guidance for the applicability of CO2‐responsive amine‐containing molecules (employed as comonomer, initiator, surfactant, and so on) in developing CO2‐redispersible latex products.
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Controlling of Water Collection Ability by an Elasticity‐Regulated Bioinspired Fiber
Authors: Wang Sijie , Feng Shile , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei 
Published: January 2015

A special artificial spider silk is presented which is fabricated by using both an elastic polymer and a fiber, and the water collection behavior is investigated. Through exerting tension in varying degree, the length of the three‐phase contact line (TCL) and the area of spindle knot can be regulated readily, which makes a great contribution to the improvement of collecting efficiency and water‐hanging ability. The water‐hanging ability can be predicted at a given stretching ratio according to the given expression of the TCL. As a result, liquid capture or release of distinct measure can be achieved via exerting tension. This research is helpful to design smart materials for developing applications in fogwater collection, dehumidification, high‐efficiency humidity control, and controllable adhesion.
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A gut microbial metabolite of ginsenosides, compound K, induces intestinal glucose absorption and Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 gene expression through activation of cAMP response element binding protein
Authors: Wang Chun‐Wen , Huang Yu‐Chuan , Chan Fang‐Na , Su Shih‐Chieh , Kuo Yu‐Han , Huang Shu‐Fen , Hung Mei‐Whey , Lin Hang‐Chin , Chang Wen‐Liang , Chang Tsu‐Chung 
Published: January 2015

ScopeThe Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) plays a crucial role in glucose uptake in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which has been shown essential in ameliorating intestinal inflammation. Ginseng has historically been used to treat inflammatory disorders. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of ginseng‐mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression in human intestinal cells is therefore important.Methods and resultsWe demonstrate that ginsenoside compound K (CK) enhances SGLT1‐mediated glucose uptake in mice and human intestinal Caco‐2 cells. Transient transfection analysis using SGLT1 promoter‐luciferase reporters demonstrated that the presence of an essential cAMP response element (CRE) is required for CK‐mediated induction of SGLT1 gene expression. The ChIP assays indicated that increased CRE‐binding protein (CREB) and CREB‐binding protein (CBP) binding to the SGLT1 promoter in CK‐treated cells is associated with an activated chromatin state. Our result showed that the increased CREB phosphorylation is directly correlated with SGLT1 expression in IECs. Further studies indicated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is involved in the CK‐mediated effect.ConclusionThese findings provide a novel mechanism for the CK‐mediated upregulation of SGLT1 expression through EGFR‐CREB signaling activation, which could contribute to reducing gut inflammation.
Resistance strength training exercise in children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Lewelt Aga , Krosschell Kristin J. , Stoddard Gregory J. , Weng Cindy , Xue Mei , Marcus Robin L. , Gappmaier Eduard , Viollet Louis , Johnson Barbara A. , White Andrea T. , Viazzo‐Trussell Donata , Lopes Philippe , Lane Robert H. , Carey John C. , Swoboda Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Preliminary evidence in adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and in SMA animal models suggests exercise has potential benefits in improving or stabilizing muscle strength and motor function. Methods: We evaluated feasibility, safety, and effects on strength and motor function of a home‐based, supervised progressive resistance strength training exercise program in children with SMA types II and III. Up to 14 bilateral proximal muscles were exercised 3 times weekly for 12 weeks. Results: Nine children with SMA, aged 10.4 ± 3.8 years, completed the resistance training exercise program. Ninety percent of visits occurred per protocol. Training sessions were pain‐free (99.8%), and no study‐related adverse events occurred. Trends in improved strength and motor function were observed. Conclusions: A 12‐week supervised, home‐based, 3‐day/week progressive resistance training exercise program is feasible, safe, and well tolerated in children with SMA. These findings can inform future studies of exercise in SMA. Muscle Nerve 52: 559–567, 2015
Dramatic changes in muscle contractile and structural properties after 2 botulinum toxin injections
Authors: Minamoto Viviane B. , Suzuki Kentaro P. , Bremner Shannon N. , Lieber Richard L. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Botulinum toxin is frequently administered serially to maintain therapeutic muscle paralysis, but the effect of repeated doses on muscle function are largely unknown. This study characterized the muscle response to 2 onabotulinum toxin (BoNT) injections separated by 3 months. Methods: Animal subjects received a single toxin injection (n = 8), 2 BoNT injections separated by 3 months (n = 14), or 1 BoNT and 1 saline injection separated by 3 months (n = 8). Results: The functional effect of 2 serial injections was exponentially greater than the effect of a single injection. While both groups treated with a single BoNT injection had decreased torque in the injected leg by approximately 50% relative to contralateral legs, the double BoNT injected group had decreased torque by over 95% relative to the preinjection level. Both single and double BoNT injections produced clear signs of fiber‐type grouping. Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate a disproportionately greater effect of repeated BoNT injections. Muscle Nerve 52: 649–657, 2015
Adaptive finite‐time attitude stabilization for rigid spacecraft with actuator faults and saturation constraints
Authors: Lu Kunfeng , Xia Yuanqing , Fu Mengyin , Yu Chunmei 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe attitude stabilization problem for rigid spacecraft in the presence of inertial uncertainties, external disturbances, actuator saturations, and actuator faults is addressed in this paper. First, a novel fast terminal sliding mode manifold is designed to avoid the singularity problem while providing high control ability. In addition, fast terminal sliding mode control laws are proposed to make the spacecraft system trajectory fast converge onto the fast terminal sliding mode surface and finally evolve into small region in finite time, which cannot be achieved by the previous literatures. Based on the real sliding mode context, a practical adaptive fast terminal sliding mode control law is presented to guarantee attitude stabilization in finite time. Also, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust stabilization of MIMO systems in finite/fixed time
Authors: Polyakov A. , Efimov D. , Perruquetti W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe control design problem for finite‐time and fixed‐time stabilizations of linear multi‐input system with nonlinear uncertainties and disturbances is considered. The control design algorithm based on block decomposition and implicit Lyapunov function technique is developed. The robustness properties of the obtained control laws with respect to matched and unmatched uncertainties and disturbances are studied. Procedures for tuning of control parameters are presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Aspects of practical implementation of developed algorithms are discussed. Theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.