bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of a modified Delphi approach to engage stakeholders in zoonotic disease research priority setting
Authors: Sawford Kate , Dhand Navneet K , Toribio Jenny-Ann LML , Taylor Melanie R 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
After the 2011 cluster of Hendra virus cases in horses in Australia, public health targeted education initiatives at people in the equine industry to reduce human exposure to potentially infected horses. ‘Horse owners and Hendra Virus: A Longitudinal cohort study To Evaluate Risk’ aims to enhance public health measures through improved understanding of Hendra virus risk perception and risk mitigation strategies among horse owners and horse care providers. This paper describes the stakeholder consultation that was undertaken to ensure the cohort study outcomes were relevant to diverse groups who play a role in Hendra virus policy development and implementation.

Methods
A two-round modified Delphi study with online questionnaires was conducted. In round one, stakeholders identified priority research areas. In round two, stakeholders rated and ranked topics that emerged from thematic analysis of the round one responses. Round two data were analysed using logistic regression.

Results
Of the 255 stakeholders contacted, 101 responded to round one. Over 450 topics were proposed. These were organized into 18 themes. Approximately two thirds of the round one respondents participated in round two. ‘Hendra virus-related risk awareness and perception’, ‘personal health and safety’, ‘emergency preparedness’, ‘risk prevention, mitigation, and biosecurity’, and ‘Hendra virus vaccination in horses – attitudes/uptake’ were the top five areas identified according to probability of being ranked extremely important.

Conclusions
In this study, a modified Delphi approach was effective in guiding research into Hendra virus, a zoonotic disease of animal and human health significance. The findings support the notion that stakeholders should be engaged in zoonotic disease research priority setting. Such consultation will help to ensure that research initiatives are relevant and useful to stakeholders in the position to make use of new findings.
Kcnq 1-5 (Kv7.1-5) potassium channel expression in the adult zebrafish
Authors: Wu Calvin , Sharma Kanishk , Laster Kyle , Hersi Mohamed , Torres Christina , Lukas Thomas J , Moore Ernest J 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background

KCNQx genes encode slowly activating-inactivating K+ channels, are linked to physiological signal transduction pathways, and mutations in them underlie diseases such as long QT syndrome (KCNQ 1), epilepsy in adults (KCNQ 2/3), benign familial neonatal convulsions in children (KCNQ 3), and hearing loss or tinnitus in humans (KCNQ 4, but not KCNQ 5). Identification of kcnqx potassium channel transcripts in zebrafish (Danio rerio) remains to be fully characterized although some genes have been mapped to the genome. Using zebrafish genome resources as the source of putative kcnq sequences, we investigated the expression of kcnq1-5 in heart, brain and ear tissues.

Results
Overall expression of the kcnq x channel transcripts is similar to that found in mammals. We found that kcnq1 expression was highest in the heart, and also present in the ear and brain. kcnq2 was lowest in the heart, while kcnq3 was highly expressed in the brain, heart and ear. kcnq5 expression was highest in the ear. We analyzed zebrafish genomic clones containing putative kcnq4 sequences to identify transcripts and protein for this highly conserved member of the Kcnq channel family. The zebrafish appears to have two kcnq4 genes that produce distinct mRNA species in brain, ear, and heart tissues.

Conclusions
We conclude that the zebrafish is an attractive model for the study of the KCNQ (Kv7) superfamily of genes, and are important to processes involved in neuronal excitability, cardiac anomalies, epileptic seizures, and hearing loss or tinnitus.
Assessment of reproductive health and violence against women among displaced Syrians in Lebanon
Authors: Reese Masterson Amelia , Usta Jinan , Gupta Jhumka , Ettinger Adrienne S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The current conflict in Syria continues to displace thousands to neighboring countries, including Lebanon. Information is needed to provide adequate health and related services particularly to women in this displaced population.

Methods
We conducted a needs assessment in Lebanon (June-August 2012), administering a cross-sectional survey in six health clinics. Information was collected on reproductive and general health status, conflict violence, stress, and help-seeking behaviors of displaced Syrian women. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine associations between exposure to conflict violence, stress, and reproductive health outcomes.

Results
We interviewed 452 Syrian refugee women ages 18–45 who had been in Lebanon for an average of 5.1 (± 3.7) months. Reported gynecologic conditions were common, including: menstrual irregularity, 53.5%; severe pelvic pain, 51.6%; and reproductive tract infections, 53.3%. Among the pregnancy subset (n = 74), 39.5% of currently pregnant women experienced complications and 36.8% of those who completed pregnancies experienced delivery/abortion complications. Adverse birth outcomes included: low birthweight, 10.5%; preterm delivery, 26.5%; and infant mortality, 2.9%. Of women who experienced conflict-related violence (30.8%) and non-partner sexual violence (3.1%), the majority did not seek medical care (64.6%). Conflict violence and stress score was significantly associated with reported gynecologic conditions, and stress score was found to mediate the relationship between exposure to conflict violence and self-rated health.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the understanding of experience of conflict violence among women, stress, and reproductive health needs. Findings demonstrate the need for better targeting of reproductive health services in refugee settings, as well as referral to psychosocial services for survivors of violence.
Optical absorption, induced bleaching, and photoluminescence of CdSe nanoplatelets grown in cadmium octanoate matrix
Authors: Lyashchova Alina , Dmytruk Andriy , Dmitruk Igor , Klimusheva Gertruda , Mirnaya Tetyana , Asaula Vitaliy 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) are chemically synthesized in thermotropic ionic liquid crystalline (LC) phase of cadmium octanoate that was used as a nanoreactor. The nanocomposite samples are obtained by the rapid cooling of the LC phase to room temperature. Observed doublet structure in absorption spectra of the nanocomposites is characteristic for the two-dimensional CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs). The thicknesses of the CdSe NPLs are 1.6, 1.9 and 2.3 nm as determined from the absorption spectra, and correspond to 4, 5 and 6 CdSe monolayers, respectively. Induced simultaneous bleaching of the doublet components observed under femtosecond laser excitation, as well as photoluminescence spectra and their kinetics are found compatible with the model of excitons with heavy- and light-hole valence bands confined in nanoplatelets.
Poorly differentiated component in gastric pinch biopsies predicts submucosal invasion
Authors: Lee Sun-Mi , Yang Sun , Joo Mee , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Park Cheol Keun , Ahn Soomin , Min Byung-Hoon , Lee Jun Haeng , Kim Seonwoo , Rhee Jong Chul , Kim Jae J , Lauwers Gregory Y 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic resection has become standard therapy for selected patients with early gastric carcinoma (EGC). However, the preoperative diagnostic accuracy for excluding submucosal (SM) invasion is not precise. Moreover, histologic features predicting SM invasion in gastric carcinomas (SMiGC) have not been studied extensively.

Methods
Pre-treatment gastric biopsies from 60 patients with SM invasion who underwent endoscopic resection were reviewed and compared to 58 biopsies of lesions confirmed to be intramucosal carcinomas (IMC). For validation of the results, an independent cohort consisting of 616 gastric biopsies confirmed as EGC were analyzed. For statistical analyses, χ-square test, Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic progression tests were used.

Results
In the biopsy specimens of patients with SMiGCs, differentiated histology, poorly differentiated component, wisps of muscularis mucosa, tumor cribriforming, papillary architecture, desmoplasia and intraglandular eosinophilic necrotic debris (IEND) were observed in 96.7%, 36.7%, 16.7%, 16.7%, 23.3%, 40%, and 46.7% of cases, respectively, while the same features were observed in 100%, 5.2%, 0%, 1.7%, 5.2%, 19%, and 22.4% of biopsies with IMC. In multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated component [odds ratio (OR), 9.59, p = 0.002], IEND [OR, 6.23, p = 0.012], tumor cribriforming [OR, 4.66, p = 0.03] and papillary architecture [OR, 5.52, p = 0.018] were significantly associated with the detection of SM invasion. In the validation cohort, poorly differentiated component (p = 0.003) and papillary architecture (p = 0.008) remained significant.

Conclusion
Poorly differentiated component and papillary architecture are significant histopathologic predictors of SM invasion in pretreatment gastric biopsies of lesions considered for endoscopic therapy. Additional prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Virtual slide
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1588557731103084
Contaminants in human nail dust: an occupational hazard in podiatry?
Authors: Tinley Paul D , Eddy Karen , Collier Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere has been limited literature indicating that podiatrists' health may be at risk from exposure to human nail dust. Previous studies carried out in the UK have shown that large amounts of dust become airborne during the human nail drilling procedure and are present in the air up to 10 hours after a clinical session. This increases the risk of Respiratory Tract (RT) infection for the practitioner.MethodsThis study used a nasal swabbing technique and fungal culture to determine whether podiatrists (n = 50) had the same microbes present in their nasal cavities as non‐podiatry health professional control group (n = 45). All swabs were cultured, counted and identified for each subject. Survey data of use and type of nail drill, type of mask used and frequency of change over a two week period.ResultsThe results showed podiatrists had a greater range of microbes in their nasal cavities although the controls had greater overall numbers of organisms. The known pathogen and common mould, Aspergillus fumigatus was ost commonly found fungus within the podiatric group with 44% of the group having the fungus present. All nail drills used by the podiatrists had some form of dust extraction (except one). Of concern was 17% (n = 8) of the podiatrists did not use a mask at all whilst drilling and seemed unaware of any infection control issues. Simple disposable masks were the most frequently worn with only half being changed after each patient further increasing the cross infection riskConclusionThe high levels of Aspergilus contamination is a significant finding in the podiatry group as this fungus is small enough to enter the tissue of the nasal cavity and as a small particle will stay airborne in the room for up to 16 hours. Aspergilus has been shown to cause brain and soft tissue tumours in extreme cases. The high levels of upper respiratory track problems reported in the literature may well be caused by this fungal agent. The non use and use of inappropriate masks by podiatrists is clearly an occupational hazard to their health and well being.
Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian highlanders reveals conserved hypoxia tolerance genes
Authors: Udpa Nitin , Ronen Roy , Zhou Dan , Liang Junbin , Stobdan Tsering , Appenzeller Otto , Yin Ye , Du Yuanping , Guo Lixia , Cao Rui , Wang Yu , Jin Xin , Huang Chen , Jia Wenlong , Cao Dandan , Guo Guangwu , Claydon Victoria E , Hainsworth Roger , Gamboa Jorge L , Zibenigus Mehila , Zenebe Guta , Xue Jin , Liu Siqi , Frazer Kelly A , Li Yingrui , Bafna Vineet , Haddad Gabriel G 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background
Although it has long been proposed that genetic factors contribute to adaptation to high altitude, such factors remain largely unverified. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have made it feasible to analyze genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in human populations. Since traditionally such studies surveyed only a small fraction of the genome, interpretation of the results was limited.

Results
We report here the results of the first whole genome resequencing-based analysis identifying genes that likely modulate high altitude adaptation in native Ethiopians residing at 3,500 m above sea level on Bale Plateau or Chennek field in Ethiopia. Using cross-population tests of selection, we identify regions with a significant loss of diversity, indicative of a selective sweep. We focus on a 208 kbp gene-rich region on chromosome 19, which is significant in both of the Ethiopian subpopulations sampled. This region contains eight protein-coding genes and spans 135 SNPs. To elucidate its potential role in hypoxia tolerance, we experimentally tested whether individual genes from the region affect hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila. Three genes significantly impact survival rates in low oxygen: cic, an ortholog of human CIC, Hsl, an ortholog of human LIPE, and Paf-AHα, an ortholog of human PAFAH1B3.

Conclusions
Our study reveals evolutionarily conserved genes that modulate hypoxia tolerance. In addition, we show that many of our results would likely be unattainable using data from exome sequencing or microarray studies. This highlights the importance of whole genome sequencing for investigating adaptation by natural selection.
Experience of Realization of a Technique of Determination of Productivity of Quality Management System of Higher Education Institution
Authors: ��������  , Gadalova V. , ��������  , Mikhaylov A. , �������  , Frolova Marina 
Published: February 2014

For the guaranteed sustainable development of an educational organization it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring related to achievement
of planned results and in due time to carry out correcting and warning actions for elimination of possible failures in system. In this paper have been
reflected approaches to assessment of educational organization�s quality management system functioning on the basis of ISO 9000 series international
standards, has been reveled experience related to application of higher education institution�s quality management system productivity determination
technique constructed on analysis of its processes� productivity, have been presented the main stages of offered mechanism realization. This technique�s
purpose is providing a group of teachers and a staff of higher education institution led by a top management with necessary tools for quality management
system�s effective introduction, application and certification. The offered technique creates conditions for qualitative executive decision-making on
the basis of productive functioning of higher education institution�s process model with participation of all interested parties and taking into account the
established facts recorded documentary. The technique can be used for distribution of experience related to steady effective management for support
of regional educational systems in educational institutions of various types and education�s governing bodies, as well as for development of additional
professional education on quality management.
Motivation of Achievements as Means for Managers and Teachers� Professional Advancement in Conditions of Federal State Educational Standards Implementation
Authors: �������  , Sidenko Elena 
Published: February 2014

In this paper the author tells about educational institutions� difficulties in connection with implementation of Federal State General Education Standard
of Second Generation. In the paper an experiment which has been made by the author within research of difficulties related to transition of educational
institutions� teaching staff of to introduction of Federal General Education Standards is described as well as stages of this experiment, and it is told
about interpretation of its results. The author touches upon such subjects as success achievement motivation and failures avoiding related to employees
of comprehensive schools, and also traces communication of prevalence related to this or that motive of work with transition to new type of work, in
particular, to introduction of The General Education Standard. The author also offers some ways of an exit from difficulties which are experienced by
teachers in connection with introduction of The General Education Standard. In particular, the features of pedagogical collective�s course preparation
based on trainees� achievement motivation formation by personal sense acquisition are revealed in this paper.
Usage of Interactive Methods in Teaching of Law
Authors: ����������  , Abrosimova Elena 
Published: February 2014

The article addresses issues teaching of law in the secondary school using interactive methods. The analysis of different types of students and different
ways of presenting legal information to schoolchildren. Practical recommendations for using the following methods and forms of teaching of law:
an interactive lecture, small group activities, common group discussion, role-playing activities, using fragments of films and cartoons, as well as
recommendations on formulating an interactive homework.
To a Question of Axiological Content of Higher School Teacher�s Continuous Education
Authors: ���������  , Shafranova Olga 
Published: February 2014

Experimental analysis related to main aspects of axiological content of higher school teacher�s continuous education has been presented in this paper.
The author has formulated main pedagogical conditions, allowing increase professional education�s efficiency. Aspect analysis related to axiological
bases of higher school teacher�s professional activity system has been carried out in this paper. The higher school teachers pay the greatest attention to
quality of future professionals� knowledge and abilities. Respondents� understanding of importance of training and educational component in professional
teacher�s activity structure is also high respectively.
From this point of view in the paper have been reflected such research directions as a problem related to development of pedagogical ensuring of higher
school teacher�s continuous education, character of axiological prerequisites allowing the teacher to design by education means his own professional
picture of the world. Parameters defining profession�s attraction, professionalizing efficiency and higher school teacher�s professional satisfaction in
system of his relations with himself, the world and other people have been emphasized.
U-500 Insulin Safety Concerns Mount; Improved Labeling Needed for Camphor Product; Cardizem-Cardene Mix-up; Initiative to Eliminate Tubing Misconnections
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2014

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Does a humorous element characterize embarrassment?
Authors: Weisfeld Glenn E. , Weisfeld Miriam B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEvidence is mixed on the question of the distinctiveness of embarrassment as a negative self-conscious emotion. Embarrassment is particularly likely to feature blushing, smiling and laughter, and to follow some minor and surprising social gaffe. Perhaps embarrassment can be distinguished from similar emotions by these observable expressive elements, rather than just in terms of contextual factors. Although slumped posture and averted gaze accompany all the negative self-conscious emotions, blushing may sometimes accompany embarrassment in order to accentuate one's submission disposition when the offense is minor and unusual. The frequent and distinctive smiles and laughter of embarrassment may reflect a truly humorous aspect to the embarrassing incident, and not just anxiety. As with other instances of humor, people are amused by embarrassing situations when the victim commits some unexpected, minor faux pas. These amusing, informative scenarios are a staple of conversation, and protect those present against committing a similar offense in the future. Thus, perhaps true embarrassment might be interpreted as a blend of two universal emotions, humor appreciation and shame, and defined operationally as exhibiting submission displays and smiling or laughter in response to having committed some unusual peccadillo.
Milk demystified by chemistry
Authors: Obladen Michael 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article traces the decline of milk from a heavenly elixir to a tradeable food. Early cultures regarded milk not as a simple nutrient, but a living fluid. Heroes and gods were believed to have been nurtured by animals after being abandoned. Character traits were assumed to be transmitted by milk; infantile diseases were attributed to “bad milk”, whereas “good milk” was used as a remedy. With chemical methods developed at the end of the 18th century, it became known that human milk was higher in sugar and lower in protein than cow’s milk. During the 19th century, “scientific” feeding emerged that meant modifying cow’s milk to imitate the proportion of nutrients in human milk. In Boston from 1893, Rotch initiated the “percentage” method, requiring a physician’s prescription. In Paris from 1894, Budin sterilized bottled infant milk. In Berlin in 1898, Rubner measured oxygen and energy uptake by calorimetry, prompting feeding by calories, and Czerny introduced regulated feeding by the clock. These activities ignored the emotional dimension of infant nutrition and the anti-infective properties of human milk. They may have also enhanced the decline in breastfeeding, which reached an all-time low in 1971. Milk’s demystification made artificial nutrition safer, but paved the way for commercially produced infant formula.
Parameters characterizing the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallization of polyamide 5,6 determined by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Eltahir Yassir A. , Saeed Haroon A.M. , Yuejun Chen , Xia Yumin , Yimin Wang 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polyamide 5,6 (PA56) was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the modified Avrami equation, the Ozawa model, and the method combining the Avrami and Ozawa equations. It was found that the Avrami method modified by Jeziorny could only describe the primary stage of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA56, the Ozawa model failed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization of PA56, while the combined approach could successfully describe the non-isothermal crystallization process much more effectively. Kinetic parameters, such as the Avrami exponent, kinetic crystallization rate constant, relative degree of crystallinity, the crystallization enthalpy, and activation energy, were also determined for PA56.