bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Hemphill J. Claude , Greenberg Steven M. , Anderson Craig S. , Becker Kyra , Bendok Bernard R. , Cushman Mary , Fung Gordon L. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Macdonald R. Loch , Mitchell Pamela H. , Scott Phillip A. , Selim Magdy H. , Woo Daniel 
Published: May 2015

Purpose—
The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
A formal literature search of PubMed was performed through the end of August 2013. The writing committee met by teleconference to discuss narrative text and recommendations. Recommendations follow the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association methods of classifying the level of certainty of the treatment effect and the class of evidence. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by 6 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee.

Results—
Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Topics focused on diagnosis, management of coagulopathy and blood pressure, prevention and control of secondary brain injury and intracranial pressure, the role of surgery, outcome prediction, rehabilitation, secondary prevention, and future considerations. Results of new phase 3 trials were incorporated.

Conclusions—
Intracerebral hemorrhage remains a serious condition for which early aggressive care is warranted. These guidelines provide a framework for goal-directed treatment of the patient with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Serum Soluble Corin Is Decreased in Stroke
Authors: Peng Hao , Zhu Fangfang , Shi Jijun , Han Xiujie , Zhou Dan , Liu Yan , Zhi Zhongwen , Zhang Fuding , Shen Yun , Ma Juanjuan , Song Yulin , Hu Weidong 
Published: May 2015

Background and Purpose—
Soluble corin was decreased in coronary heart disease. Given the connections between cardiac dysfunction and stroke, circulating corin might be a candidate marker of stroke risk. However, the association between circulating corin and stroke has not yet been studied in humans. Here, we aimed to examine the association in patients wtith stroke and community-based healthy controls.

Methods—
Four hundred eighty-one patients with ischemic stroke, 116 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and 2498 healthy controls were studied. Serum soluble corin and some conventional risk factors of stroke were examined. Because circulating corin was reported to be varied between men and women, the association between serum soluble corin and stroke was evaluated in men and women, respectively.

Results—

Patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke had a significantly lower level of serum soluble corin than healthy controls in men and women (all
P
values, <0.05). In multivariate analysis, men in the lowest quartile of serum soluble corin were more likely to have ischemic (odds ratio [OR], 4.90; 95% confidence interval, 2.99–8.03) and hemorrhagic (OR, 17.57; 95% confidence interval, 4.85–63.71) stroke than men in the highest quartile. Women in the lowest quartile of serum soluble corin were also more likely to have ischemic (OR, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.76–5.44) and hemorrhagic (OR, 8.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.35–31.02) stroke than women in the highest quartile. ORs of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were significantly increased with the decreasing levels of serum soluble corin in men and women (all
P
values for trend, <0.001).

Conclusions—
Serum soluble corin was decreased in patients with stroke compared with healthy controls. Our findings raise the possibility that serum soluble corin may have a pathogenic role in stroke.
Characteristics of the Drag Coefficient over a Tropical Environment in Convective Conditions*
Authors: Srivastava Piyush , Sharan Maithili 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The turbulent data over a tropical region are utilized to analyze the observational behavior of the drag coefficient with respect to wind speed U and the stability parameter in convective conditions. The drag coefficient is observed to follow the power-law profile with respect to U, with large values in low winds and relatively lower values with moderate-wind conditions. Depending on the stability regimes, regression curves for with U are proposed. The variation of with is bounded by a curve. This curve first shows increasing behavior with until it reaches a peak at and then decreases with increasing instability. A mathematical analysis based on Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOS) reveals that increases monotonically with increasing instability. This suggests that MOS theory is able to capture the increasing nature of in weakly to moderately unstable conditions. However, it is unable to explain the observed decreasing behavior of with in moderately to strongly unstable conditions in the tropics within the framework of commonly used similarity functions.
Microbial Flora and Antibiotic Resistance in Peritonsillar Abscesses in Upstate New York
Authors: Plum Ann Woodhouse , Mortelliti Anthony J. , Walsh Ronald E. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: To identify the common bacteria in recent peritonsillar abscesses and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and compare both between adults and children. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review at a single academic institution of patients who underwent either incision and drainage or tonsillectomy for a peritonsillar abscess between 2002 and 2012 (n = 69). Medical records were reviewed for cultures, comorbidities, and drainage procedures. Results: Cultures obtained from 62.32% of peritonsillar abscesses were polymicrobial, and 34.78% were monomicrobial. The most common pathogens were β-hemolytic Streptococcus (31.88%), α-hemolytic Streptococcus (21.74%), Neisseria (14.49%), and Streptococcus milleri (13.04%). Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus was more common in children and Streptococcus milleri was more common in adults. Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus was resistant to clindamycin (6.67%) and erythromycin (6.67%). Streptococcus milleri was resistant to clindamycin (11.11%) and erythromycin (11.11%). Staphylococcus was resistant to penicillin (37.5%), oxacillin (25%), erythromycin (25%), and clindamycin (12.5%). Conclusions: β- and α-hemolytic Streptococci, Neisseria, and Streptococcus milleri are the most common pathogens. Streptococcus milleri is more common in adults, and β-hemolytic streptococcus is more common in children. Resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin is common in Streptococci and Staphylococci, and penicillin resistance is common in Staphylococci.
Organizational Culture and Individual Values in Greek Public Hospitals
Authors: Kapetaneas Nikolaos , Kastanioti Catherine , Lazakidou Athina , Prezerakos Panayotis 
Published: May 2015

Purpose: The values are particularly important in the research of organizational culture and the person–organization (P–O) fit. This article tries to identify the culture dimensions that exist within public procurement in Greek public hospitals, based on employee characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: We have used exploratory factor analysis for the evaluation of multidimensional structure of organizational culture profile (OCP) scale. Then, we investigated the extent to which the OCP, with 54 items, that constitutes eight factors in the causative analysis of factors can be incorporated into the Quinn and Cameron theory of competitive values framework (CVF). In order to investigate this subject, we have developed a non-standard multidimensional scaling (MDS) that imposes the OCP on the solution space with the permutation test that evaluates the cohesion of engagements, which represents MDS and then we have extended our work to test our results by using structural equations modelling (AMOS). Findings: Internal consistency of all components was moderate to strong (a = 0.61 until 0.89). We realized that the OCP can be incorporated in the CVF, in a way the four quadrants which emerged have been formulated in four types of organizational culture. Research limitations/implications: The results have implied that the P–O fit can be assessed simply by the congruence of the person’s and the organization’s positions, measuring organizational culture in a way that is consistent with the CVF. Practical implications: We believe that our preliminary study can serve as an audit tool for managers and policy makers as well as a guide for recruitment of new employees in health care sector. Originality/value: This research fills the gap between organizational culture and the P–O fit in procurement offices in Greek public hospitals.
Caesarean—Changing Values and Rising Expectations in India
Authors: Ravichandran N. 
Published: May 2015

Background: India is reporting an unusually increased demand for caesarean sections (CS), especially among middle class and affluent women. The present study aims to find out whether the increase in CS rates has achieved lower neonatal and maternal mortality. Method: A retrospective study using three National Family and Health Survey (NFHS) data sets—1993–1994, 1998–1999 and 2003–2004—was conducted. The study substantiated the evidence from qualitative inputs drawn from interviews from women and medical practitioners. Results: About one-eighth of all deliveries take place in the private sector; more than 30 per cent are by caesareans. Percentage of births delivered in a health facility has increased from 26.1 per cent in 1992–1993 to 40.8 per cent in 2005. Primiparous women aged below 35 years had more CSs compared to women over 35 (14 per cent in 1992–1993 to 15.5 per cent in 2005–2006 versus 7.8 per cent in 1992–1993 to 9.3 per cent in 2005–2006). The higher the woman’s educational level and the household income, the more likely she is to have a CS. CS was correlated with a reduction in neonatal mortality by about 3.53 per cent in 1993–1994, 3.30 per cent in 1998–1999 and 3.07 per cent in 2005–2006. CS was also correlated with a reduction in neonatal deaths by about 3.47 per cent in 1993–1994, 2.82 per cent in 1998–1999 and 3.03 per cent in 2005–2006. Conclusion: Individuals and families along with many private hospitals hoped that emergency obstetric care initiatives would maximize return on investment, which has reached unheard-of proportions across India. It puts health systems’ inefficiencies in the unenviable position of not following rationale drug use policies and ending up with the wrong kind of problem—something that does not fit well with the self-image of health care professionalism.
Awareness, Perception, Usage and Attitude Regarding Over-the-Counter Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Authors: Bhangale Vijay 
Published: May 2015

In 2005, Drugs Controller General, India (DCGI) allowed the sale of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) over the counter (OTC). There was never a doubt that the emergency contraceptive pills would prove to be immensely popular among women in India. That is because India records 11 million abortions annually and a shocking 20,000 women die because of abortion-related complications. With combined annual sales of 8.2 million tablets, seven brands of emergency contraceptives are sold OTC in India. The segment was valued at ₹770 million for the year ended June 2009 with a 245 per cent volume growth over the previous year, according to AC Neilson. A study was undertaken to understand the awareness, perception, usage and attitude regarding ‘ECPs’ in Mumbai city.
Predicament suicide: an update
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Auchincloss Stephane , Walter Garry 
Published: May 2015

Objective: We aim to outline the notion of predicament suicide and progress in the field. Conclusion: The term predicament suicide was initially applied when the individual without mental disorder completed suicide to escape intolerable circumstances. Subsequently, painful untreated or unresponsive mental disorder was conceptualized as an internal predicament and the term was applied to all suicide. It continues to be used in both the restricted and broad forms. Our group has substantiated the restricted form by describing suicide in the setting of financial loss, forced marriage and other predicaments. The broad form gave rise to the Operationalized Predicaments of Suicide tool for use in quantitative research. Some literature from other workers supports the general thrust of the notion.
Pseudomonas aeruginosaquorum sensing molecules correlate with clinical status in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Barr Helen L. , Halliday Nigel , Cámara Miguel , Barrett David A. , Williams Paul , Forrester Douglas L. , Simms Rebecca , Smyth Alan R. , Honeybourne David , Whitehouse Joanna L. , Nash Edward F. , Dewar Jane , Clayton Andrew , Knox Alan J. , Fogarty Andrew W. 
Published: May 2015

Pseudomonas aeruginosaproduces quorum sensing signal molecules that are potential biomarkers for infection.A prospective study of 60 cystic fibrosis patients with chronicP. aeruginosa,who required intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations, was undertaken. Clinical measurements and biological samples were obtained at the start and end of the treatment period. Additional data were available for 29 of these patients when they were clinically stable.Cross-sectionally, quorum sensing signal molecules were detectable in the sputum, plasma and urine of 86%, 75% and 83% patients, respectively. They were positively correlated between the three biofluids. Positive correlations were observed for most quorum sensing signal molecules in sputum, plasma and urine, with quantitative measures of pulmonaryP. aeruginosaload at the start of a pulmonary exacerbation. Plasma concentrations of 2-nonyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline (NHQ) were significantly higher at the start of a pulmonary exacerbation compared to clinical stability (p<0.01). Following the administration of systemic antibiotics, plasma 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (p=0.02) and NHQ concentrations (p<0.01) decreased significantly.In conclusion, quorum sensing signal molecules are detectable in cystic fibrosis patients with pulmonaryP. aeruginosainfection and are positively correlated with quantitative measures ofP. aeruginosa. NHQ correlates with clinical status and has potential as a novel biomarker forP. aeruginosainfection.
The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family
Authors: Kelwick Richard , Desanlis Ines , Wheeler Grant N , Edwards Dylan R 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) enzymes are secreted, multi-domain matrix-associated zinc metalloendopeptidases that have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and patho-physiological remodeling, in inflammation and in vascular biology. The human family includes 19 members that can be sub-grouped on the basis of their known substrates, namely the aggrecanases or proteoglycanases (ADAMTS1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20), the procollagen N-propeptidases (ADAMTS2, 3 and 14), the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-cleaving enzymes (ADAMTS7 and 12), the von-Willebrand Factor proteinase (ADAMTS13) and a group of orphan enzymes (ADAMTS6, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 19). Control of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central theme of the biology of the ADAMTS, as exemplified by the actions of the procollagen-N-propeptidases in collagen fibril assembly and of the aggrecanases in the cleavage or modification of ECM proteoglycans. Defects in certain family members give rise to inherited genetic disorders, while the aberrant expression or function of others is associated with arthritis, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In particular, ADAMTS4 and 5 have emerged as therapeutic targets in arthritis. Multiple ADAMTSs from different sub-groupings exert either positive or negative effects on tumorigenesis and metastasis, with both metalloproteinase-dependent and -independent actions known to occur. The basic ADAMTS structure comprises a metalloproteinase catalytic domain and a carboxy-terminal ancillary domain, the latter determining substrate specificity and the localization of the protease and its interaction partners; ancillary domains probably also have independent biological functions. Focusing primarily on the aggrecanases and proteoglycanases, this review provides a perspective on the evolution of the ADAMTS family, their links with developmental and disease mechanisms, and key questions for the future.
Cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis over time: results from a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Tony , Pope Janet 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seem less common than they were years ago. The prevalence and progression of anterior atlantoaxial subluxations (aAASs), vertical subluxations (VSs), subaxial subluxations (SASs), and associated cervical myelopathy in RA over the past 50 years were determined.

Methods
A literature search was performed by using Medline-OVID/EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus (from 1960 to June 21, 2014). Prevalence studies were included if the sample size was at least 100 or the prevalence/progression of cervical subluxations was reported. Study quality was assessed by using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Prevalence of cervical subluxations was calculated for each study. Student’s t test and meta-regression were used to evaluate for significance.

Results
In total, 12,249 citations were identified and 59 studies were included. The prevalence of aAAS decreased from 36% (95% confidence interval (CI) 30% to 42%) before the 1980s to 24% (95% CI 13% to 36%) in the 2000s (P = 0.04). The overall prevalence rates were 11% (95% CI 10% to 19%) for VS, 13% (95% CI 12% to 20%) for SAS, and 5% (95% CI 3% to 9%) for cervical myelopathy, and there were no significant temporal changes. Rates of progression of aAAS, VS, and SAS were 4, 6, and 3 lesions per 100 patients per year, respectively. The incidence of new or progressive cervical myelopathy was 2 cases per 100 patients with known cervical subluxations per year.

Conclusions
Since the 1960s, only aAAS has decreased dramatically. It is still more than twice as common as VS or SAS. No temporal changes in the development of cervical myelopathy in affected patients with RA were noted. The progression rates of cervical subluxations and myelopathy were unchanged over time.
Local injection of mesenchymal stem cells protects testicular torsion-induced germ cell injury
Authors: Hsiao Chi-Hao , Ji Andrea Tung-Qian , Chang Chih-Cheng , Cheng Chien-Jui , Lee Liang-Ming , Ho Jennifer Hui-Chun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency and infertility is a common complication due to ischemic injury. Surgical reduction and orchiopexy is indicated, but to date there is no effective method for restoration of spermatogenesis. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on acute tissue injury have been demonstrated, and the abilities of paracrine support, differentiation and immune-modulation may benefit to testicular torsion-induced infertility. We investigate the therapeutic efficacy and the mechanisms of MSCs in testicular torsion-induced germ cell injury when injected locally.

Methods
Six to eight-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats received surgical 720 degree torsion for 3 hours, followed by detorsion on the left testis. 20 μl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without or with 3 x 104 MSCs from human orbital fat tissues (OFSCs) were given for 10 rats, respectively, via local injection into the left testis 30 minutes before detorsion. 20 μl of PBS injection for 6 rats with surgical exposure without torsion served as sham control. Histopathology with Johnsen’s score analysis, Western blot analysis for superoxide dismutase 2, Bax, Caspase-3, human insulin growth factor-1 and human stem cell factor, malondialdehyde (MDA) assay in testis and plasma, hormones level including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA Kits, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and fluorescence staining for P450, Sox-9 and VASA were performed.

Results
Animals were sacrificed and bilateral orchiectomy was performed 7 days after torsion-detorsion. Local injections of OFSCs prevented torsion-induced infertility judging from Johnsen's score. TUNEL assay and Western blot analysis on caspase 3 and Bax demonstrated that OFSCs prevented ischemic/reperfusion induced intrinsic apoptosis. MDA assay revealed that OFSCs significantly reduced the oxidative stress in the damaged testicular tissues. After the OFSC injection, serum testosterone secretion was increased, while the elevation of FSH triggered by testicular injury was balanced. OFSCs also produced stem cell factor in the damaged testis. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that most transplanted cells surrounded the Leydig cells. Some of transplanted cells differentiated into p450 expressing cells within 7 days.

Conclusions
Local injection of allogenic MSCs before surgical detorsion is a simple, clinical friendly procedure to rescue torsion-induced infertility.
Improving thin-bed resolution: Application of a sparse-layer inversion on 3D seismic observations from the In Salah carbon dioxide storage project
Authors: Zhang Rui , Daley Thomas M. , Vasco Donald 
Published: May 2015

The In Salah carbon dioxide storage project in Algeria has injected more than 3 million tons of carbon dioxide into a thin water-filled tight-sand formation. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar range change data revealed a double-lobe pattern of surface uplift, which has been interpreted as the existence of a subvertical fracture, or damage, zone. The reflection seismic data found a subtle linear push-down feature located along the depression between the two lobes thought to be due to the injection of carbon dioxide. Understanding of the [Formula: see text] distribution within the injection interval and migration within the fracture zone requires a precise subsurface layer model from the injection interval to above the top of the fracture zone. To improve the resolution of the existing seismic model, we applied a sparse-layer seismic inversion, with basis pursuit decomposition on the 3D seismic data between 1.0 and 1.5 s. The inversion results, including reflection coefficients and band-limited impedance cubes, provided improved subsurface imaging for two key layers (seismic horizons) above the injection interval. These horizons could be used as part of a more detailed earth model to study the [Formula: see text] storage at In Salah.
Synthesis of Sitagliptin Phosphate by a NaBH4/ZnCl2-catalyzed Diastereoselective Reduction
Authors: Pan Xianhua , Wang Kun , Yu Wansheng , Zhang Ruimin , Xu Lu , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A practical asymmetric synthesis of sitagliptin phosphate, from 1-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione, in overall 65.3% yield has been reported. The target compound was synthesized via eneamination, diastereoselective reduction, amine-deprotection, and phosphatization. The key diastereoselective reduction was performed with NaBH4 and ZnCl2, and it gave the product with almost quantitative yield and 68.5% d.e. value after simple work-up and recrystallization with IPA/PE; a high enantiopurity (d.e.% = 99.3%) can also be obtained in 57.1% yield.