bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourier Finite-Element Method with Linear Basis Functions on a Sphere: Application to Elliptic and Transport Equations
Authors: Cheong Hyeong-Bin , Kong Hae-Jin , Kang Hyun-Gyu , Lee Jae-Deok 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Fourier finite-element method (FFEM) on the sphere, which performs with an operation count of O(N2 log2N) for 2N × N grids in spherical coordinates, was developed using linear basis functions. Dependent field variables are expanded with the Fourier series in the longitude, and the Fourier coefficients are represented with a series of first-order finite elements. Different types of pole conditions were incorporated into the Fourier coefficients of the scalar and vector variables in order to avoid discontinuity at the poles. For the Laplacian operator, the linear element was defined as a function of the sine of latitude instead of the latitude. The FFEM was applied to the derivatives of the first- and second-order elliptic equations and the transport equations. The scale-selective high-order Laplacian-type filter was implemented as a hyperviscosity. For the first-order derivative the fourth-order convergence rate of the accuracy, as is expected from the theoretical analysis, was achieved. Elliptic equations were found to be solved accurately without pole discontinuity, and the convergence rate turned out to be second order. The cosine bell advection, time-differenced with a third-order Runge–Kutta method, showed that the squared-norm error convergence rate was slightly above second order. Both the Gaussian bell advection and the deformational flow produced the theoretical convergence rate of fourth order. The high-order filter was found to be effective in maintaining a quasi-uniform resolution over the sphere, and thus allowed a large time step size. Sensitivity experiments of cosine bell advection over the poles revealed that the CFL number, as defined with the maximum grid size on the global domain, can be taken to be as large as unity.
Year in review 2013: Critical Care– out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, traumatic injury, and other emergency care conditions
Authors: Goldberg Scott A , Kharbanda Bryan , Pepe Paul E 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this review, we discuss articles published in 2013 contributing to the existing literature on the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the evaluation and management of several other emergency conditions, including traumatic injury. The utility of intravenous medications, including epinephrine and amiodarone, in the management of cardiac arrest is questioned, as are cardiac arrest termination-of-resuscitation rules. Articles discussing mode of transportation in trauma are evaluated, and novel strategies for outcome prediction in traumatic injury are proposed. Diagnostic strategies, including computerized tomography scan for the diagnosis of smoke inhalation injury and serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and acute aortic dissection, are also explored. Although many of the articles discussed raise more questions than they answer, they nevertheless provide ample opportunity for further investigation.
Genomic mapping of the MHC transactivator CIITA using an integrated ChIP-seq and genetical genomics approach
Authors: Wong Daniel , Lee Wanseon , Humburg Peter , Makino Seiko , Lau Evelyn , Naranbhai Vivek , Fairfax Benjamin P , Chan Kenneth , Plant Katharine , Knight Julian C 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
The master transactivator CIITA is essential to the regulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II genes and an effective immune response. CIITA is known to modulate a small number of non-MHC genes involved in antigen presentation such as CD74 and B2M but its broader genome-wide function and relationship with underlying genetic diversity has not been resolved.

Results
We report the first genome-wide ChIP-seq map for CIITA and complement this by mapping inter-individual variation in CIITA expression as a quantitative trait. We analyse CIITA recruitment for pathophysiologically relevant primary human B cells and monocytes, resting and treated with interferon-gamma, in the context of the epigenomic regulatory landscape and DNA-binding proteins associated with the CIITA enhanceosome including RFX, CREB1/ATF1 and NFY. We confirm recruitment to proximal promoter sequences in MHC class II genes and more distally involving the canonical CIITA enhanceosome. Overall, we map 843 CIITA binding intervals involving 442 genes and find 95% of intervals are located outside the MHC and 60% not associated with RFX5 binding. Binding intervals are enriched for genes involved in immune function and infectious disease with novel loci including major histone gene clusters. We resolve differentially expressed genes associated in trans with a CIITA intronic sequence variant, integrate with CIITA recruitment and show how this is mediated by allele-specific recruitment of NF-kB.

Conclusions
Our results indicate a broader role for CIITA beyond the MHC involving immune-related genes. We provide new insights into allele-specific regulation of CIITA informative for understanding gene function and disease.
Trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies: advantages and challenges of mapping in diverse populations
Authors: Li Yun R , Keating Brendan J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) are the method most often used by geneticists to interrogate the human genome, and they provide a cost-effective way to identify the genetic variants underpinning complex traits and diseases. Most initial GWASs have focused on genetically homogeneous cohorts from European populations given the limited availability of ethnic minority samples and so as to limit population stratification effects. Transethnic studies have been invaluable in explaining the heritability of common quantitative traits, such as height, and in examining the genetic architecture of complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. They provide an opportunity for large-scale signal replication in independent populations and for cross-population meta-analyses to boost statistical power. In addition, transethnic GWASs enable prioritization of candidate genes, fine-mapping of functional variants, and potentially identification of SNPs associated with disease risk in admixed populations, by taking advantage of natural differences in genomic linkage disequilibrium across ethnically diverse populations. Recent efforts to assess the biological function of variants identified by GWAS have highlighted the need for large-scale replication, meta-analyses and fine-mapping across worldwide populations of ethnically diverse genetic ancestries. Here, we review recent advances and new approaches that are important to consider when performing, designing or interpreting transethnic GWASs, and we highlight existing challenges, such as the limited ability to handle heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium across populations and limitations in dissecting complex architectures, such as those found in recently admixed populations.
Expression of one important chaperone protein, heat shock protein 27, in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhang Xuekai , Shi Jing , Tian Jinzhou , Robinson Andrew C , Davidson Yvonne S , Mann David M 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by accumulations of misfolded proteins that can colocalise with chaperone proteins (for example, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)), which might act as modulators of protein aggregation.

Methods
The role of HSP27 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and motor neuron disease (MND) was investigated. We used immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis to determine the distribution and amount of this protein in the frontal and temporal cortices of diseased and control subjects.

Results
HSP27 immunostaining presented as accumulations of granules within neuronal and glial cell perikarya. Patients with AD and FTLD were affected more often, and showed greater immunostaining for HSP27, than patients with MND and controls. In FTLD, there was no association between HSP27 and histological type. The neuropathological changes of FTLD, AD and MND were not immunoreactive to HSP27. Western blot analysis revealed higher HSP27 expression in FTLD than in controls, but without qualitative differences in banding patterns.

Conclusions
The pattern of HSP27 immunostaining observed may reflect the extent of ongoing neurodegeneration in affected brain areas and is not specific to FTLD, AD or MND. It may represent an accumulation of misfolded, damaged or unwanted proteins, awaiting or undergoing degradation.
Genetic transformation of Knufia petricola A95 - a model organism for biofilm-material interactions
Authors: Noack-Schönmann Steffi , Bus Tanja , Banasiak Ronald , Knabe Nicole , Broughton William J , Den Dulk-Ras H , Hooykaas Paul JJ , Gorbushina Anna A 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We established a protoplast-based system to transfer DNA to Knufia petricola strain A95, a melanised rock-inhabiting microcolonial fungus that is also a component of a model sub-aerial biofilm (SAB) system. To test whether the desiccation resistant, highly melanised cell walls would hinder protoplast formation, we treated a melanin-minus mutant of A95 as well as the type-strain with a variety of cell-degrading enzymes. Of the different enzymes tested, lysing enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum were most effective in producing protoplasts. This mixture was equally effective on the melanin-minus mutant and the type-strain. Protoplasts produced using lysing enzymes were mixed with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and plasmid pCB1004 which contains the hygromycin B (HmB) phosphotransferase (hph) gene under the control of the Aspergillus nidulans trp C. Integration and expression of hph into the A95 genome conferred hygromycin resistance upon the transformants. Two weeks after plating out on selective agar containing HmB, the protoplasts developed cell-walls and formed colonies. Transformation frequencies were in the range 36 to 87 transformants per 10 μg of vector DNA and 106 protoplasts. Stability of transformation was confirmed by sub-culturing the putative transformants on selective agar containing HmB as well as by PCR-detection of the hph gene in the colonies. The hph gene was stably integrated as shown by five subsequent passages with and without selection pressure.
Evaluation of a German version of the tonsil and adenoid health status instrument
Authors: Steinbichler Teresa , Bender Birte , Blassnigg Elisabeth , Riechelmann Herbert 
Published: November 2014

Background To create and validate a German version of the Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument (TAHSI) for evaluation of tonsillectomy outcome in adult patients with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis. Subjects and methods 46 healthy volunteers were assessed twice in a 6 week interval with the TAHSI questionnaire. Their results were compared with 45 patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis before tonsillectomy and 6 months following surgery. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated; to identify normal score values, the optimum cutoff between healthy and diseased individuals was identified with receiver operating characteristic analysis; and responsiveness was assessed using Guyatt's Responsiveness Index (GRI). Results Cronbach's alpha for all questions was 0.92. Test- retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.80-0.94 p < 0.001). Mean score for the healthy individuals was 7.0 (95% confidence interval 4.2-9.7). The optimum cut off score between healthy and diseased was 20 with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90% to differentiate controls from tonsillectomy patients. Conclusion The TAHSI performed well in this validation tests and is considered a favorable instrument to evaluate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis.
Mindfulness-based training in residential settings: rationale, advantages and obstacles
Authors: Didonna Fabrizio , Bhattacherjee Shaun 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe past few decades have witnessed the synthesis of Buddhist mindfulness practice with the Western psychological paradigm, leading to the development of a variety of mindfulness-based interventions. These are delivered to various populations to treat a wide range of physical and psychological disorders, and several protocols have been implemented and evaluated, mostly, if not exclusively, in open or out-patient treatment settings. Little attention has been given to the definition of criteria, guidelines and protocols for the use of mindfulness in residential settings such as in-patient psychiatric wards, secure and forensic services, prisons, nursing homes and hospices. In this article, we discuss the rationale, advantages and obstacles to delivering mindfulness-based interventions in residential treatment settings, with specific reference to forensic settings. We also discuss the problem of developing robust outcome data and recommendations for future research.Learning Objectives•Understand the advantages and challenges of introducing mindfulness-based interventions in in-patient settings.•Understand how mindfulness-based interventions can be adapted to accommodate individual patient psychopathology.•Understand how mindfulness-based interventions can be adapted to specialist clinical settings such as forensic units.
Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age
association with adult depression: systematic review and
meta-analysis
Authors: De Mola Christian Loret , De França Giovanny Vinícius Araújo , de Avila Quevedo Luciana , Horta Bernardo Lessa 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature
birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.AimsTo review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth
weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with
adult depression.MethodWe searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of
low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate
meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed
effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological
covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth
and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39,
95% CI 1.21–1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with
depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of
the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies
evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.
CONDITIONS OF INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING IN AREA OF RFID TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Jankowska-Mihułowicz Marzena , Jankowski-Mihułowicz Piotr 
Published: November 2014

The application of the electronic product code (EPC) in an enterprise may turn out to be one of the choices in the future. The subject of this article is an analysis preceding decisive conditions in an investment process of its implementation. These reflections are preceded by the research in Polish enterprises, aiming at an estimation of the possibility of the RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) transponder commercialisation (market potential) being consistent with the EPC requirements. Conducting such research in the future will lead to a decrease in the decision gap among managers within the scope of the possibility of implementing the innovative solution described, as well as the anticipated business results. Methods of analysis and synthesis have been applied, within the theory of decision-making and telecommunications. An interdisciplinary approach to the issue in question constitutes the added value of this article. The conclusion comprises a synthesis of the article contents—crucial decisive areas that require monitoring and simultaneous estimation (now and in the future) regarding implementation of the electronic product code in an organization. In general, these areas are macro environment, competitive environment, strategic potential of an organization, and managers’ decisiveness.
OPPORTUNISM AND EFFICIENCY OF CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN CORPORATIONS
Authors: Benz Daria , Kozlova Elena , Silova Elena 
Published: November 2014

Issues related to research of the corporate sector efficiency are extremely important because it is the corporations, which act as a nucleus of almost any economic system. Efficiency of the corporations is largely due to internal corporate quality interactions, i.e. the level of contractual relations efficiency. In the existing economic literature, the questions of contractual relations efficiency still lack sufficient investigation. The present article examines the efficiency of the contractual relations and the factors affecting it, as well as problems of opportunism in Russian corporations and its impact on the contractual relations efficiency. In the graphic models presented, the efficiency curves of contractual relations and opportunism are described; the major factors that reduce the contractual relations efficiency in corporations are highlighted. The article examines the impact on the contractual relations efficiency of quality of corporate institutes. The basic corporate institutes and their key features are allocated. A quantitative analysis of the contractual relations efficiency, by building production functions of Cobb-Douglas, is conducted; this analysis introduces indicators characterizing the dividend policy and the level of remuneration for management personnel as factors.
CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS FORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zhivkova Stela 
Published: November 2014

Nowadays, sustainable development is much discussed and is regarded as a very important issue. It is all around us, in every part of our everyday life. It inevitably leads to changes in the economic and social behavior of every country even though these changes in the different economic areas are not well explored yet. Highlighting and identifying them, specifically in the field of international business operations, lead to development and implementation of a scientific research project called “Global challenges in the environment protection and changes in the international business.” The research interest was focused on studying the changes in the international business operations in the context of environmental protection on the basis of two specific environmental pollutants—waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The main methods used were reviews and analysis of literature in the field of sustainable development and international business, critical analysis of the EU policies for waste minimization and climate change mitigation, practical experience, and experts’ opinion.The project results showed that in sustainable development conditions, new economic activities emerge such as bio-trade, production of bio-goods, and consultancy services on environmental issues. Some well-known activities, such as public procurement or public-private partnership, are getting green. In the field of international business, the modifications are related to, for example, development of additional supply chain called “waste chain”, import and export of pollutants, such as waste and emissions, etc. It turns out that most of these changes are a result of the numerous measures taken by the institutions on national and international level to stimulate a sustainable way of work. In this article, only a few of them are briefly discussed.
DO LITHUANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS REFLECT ACCOUNTING HARMONIZATION IN THE EU?
Authors: Kaupelyte Dalia , Legenzova Renata 
Published: November 2014

Financial accounting is undergoing major changes in the EU and worldwide. Great efforts are placed on adoption of high quality accounting standards for listed companies, public sector organizations as well as small and medium business entities. Being a member of the EU Lithuania is in compliance with the EU incentives in de jure accounting harmonization; however de facto situation in Lithuania is not adequately assessed. One of accounting harmonization related questions is whether Lithuanian higher education provides labor market with market-needs oriented accounting professionals.The objective of this article is to assess if Lithuanian higher education programs in accounting field is in compliance with EU accounting harmonization outcomes. We analyze if graduates of Accounting programs from Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions are trained to work with different sets of accounting standards—International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Public Sector Accounting Standards that were adopted in Lithuania as a part of accounting harmonization incentives. To conduct an assessment of research methods by case analysis, comparative analysis has been deployed. We assessed programs goals, learning outcomes and course curriculum of Professional Bachelor, Bachelor and Master level programs in Lithuanian universities and colleges.Results of the research revealed that de jure accounting harmonization is reflected in Lithuanian higher education Accounting programs. Accounting for listed companies (required to use International Financial Reporting Standards) is given little importance in Lithuanian Accounting programs. According to the analysis of the learning outcomes, graduates of the Accounting programs in Lithuania have a broad profile, but would not be able to work independently with International Financial Reporting Standards. On the other hand, even if regulation of public sector accounting was enforced later, it is included in number of analyzed programs. A number of Professional Bachelor’s programs even offer specialization in this area. Results of the research allow us to conclude that colleges have their niche in preparing accounting specialist for local labor market and their positioning is relatively strong, concerning public sector accounting. Meanwhile first and second level universities’ programs could be strengthened toward international accounting to provide labor market with professionals in this area.
EDUCATIONAL POLICIES FOR PROVIDING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Liga Marina , Voronchenko Tatiana , Zakharova Yelena 
Published: November 2014

Quality of life is an essential parameter to consider when society and its members are concerned. Education can become crucial in assessing social progress and quality of life. Thus, quality of life, as an indicator of any country’s educational system and its efficiency, becomes an instrument for implementing educational policies both for social and personal development. Further, quality of life, a person’s satisfaction with his or her life activity, is determined mostly by the state of the educational system and by conditions created for a person’s development and realization of talents. Our research question is “what is considered to be qualitative, material or morality? Culture-centric or universal?”This article aims to address the problem using systemic, structural, functional, and cultural approaches. Systemic approach helps to reveal the integral character of the studied phenomenon—quality of life. The approach, based on cultural study, helps to ground the culture-centric educational principle as a mechanism to provide adequate quality of life in contemporary society. Functional and structural approach helps to investigate the function of education and its role in the society. The change from technogenic civilization toward quality-of-life civilization requires a new perspective, which is capable of not only an adaptation to existing reality, but also of an ability to improve upon it. People who can achieve this become representatives of a new social group—meritocracy. Culture-centric educational principle is one of the ways to build up a new educational paradigm in order to prepare young people for a contemporary society.