bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myths and facts about the EARLYSTIM study
Authors: Schüpbach W.M. Michael , Rau Jörn , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Krack Paul , Schnitzler Alfons , Schade‐Brittinger Carmen , Timmermann Lars , Deuschl Günther 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTDBS of the STN improves quality of life (QoL) and motor function not only in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in PD with early motor complications, as shown in the recent EARLYSTIM study. In spite of the evidence in favor of STN‐DBS, the findings of the EARLYSTIM study have recently been controversially debated. Here, we argue that a placebo or lessebo effect is unlikely to have relevantly contributed to the favorable outcome of STN‐DBS in the EARLYSTIM study. The method of quantification of the placebo effect of DBS in a previous publication reveals flaws leading to implausible results, and therefore the placebo effect of DBS remains currently elusive, especially because blinding of PD patients with STN‐DBS as a crucial preassumption for assessing a placebo effect is practically impossible. Moreover, we claim that the extent of such a placebo effect is most likely very small. Specific challenges of STN‐DBS at an earlier stage of PD and inclusion criteria are the risk of inclusion of patients who later evolve to atypical parkinsonism, the risk of a floor effect for the benefit from DBS, the need for experienced multidisciplinary care including prevention of suicidal behavior, and the need for highly qualified long‐term follow‐up. The EARLYSTIM study has shown that STN‐DBS may be proposed earlier on in the course of PD, as soon as motor complications start to cause relevant disability despite proper medical management. This can lead to a gain of several years of improved QoL. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Stroke‐related effects on maximal dynamic hip flexor fatigability and functional implications
Authors: Kuhnen Henry R. , Rybar Megan M. , Onushko Tanya , Doyel Ryan E. , Hunter Sandra K. , Schmit Brian D. , Hyngstrom Allison S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Stroke‐related changes in maximal dynamic hip flexor muscle fatigability may be more relevant functionally than isometric hip flexor fatigability. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors performed 5 sets of 30 hip flexion maximal dynamic voluntary contractions (MDVC). A maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) was performed before and after completion of the dynamic contractions. Both the paretic and nonparetic legs were tested. Results: Reduction in hip flexion MDVC torque in the paretic leg (44.7%) was larger than the nonparetic leg (31.7%). The paretic leg had a larger reduction in rectus femoris EMG (28.9%) between the first and last set of MDVCs than the nonparetic leg (7.4%). Reduction in paretic leg MDVC torque was correlated with self‐selected walking speed (r2 = 0.43), while reduction in MIVC torque was not (r2 = 0.11). Conclusions: Reductions in maximal dynamic torque of paretic hip flexors may be a better predictor of walking function than reductions in maximal isometric contractions. Muscle Nerve 51: 446–448, 2015
Voiding dysfunction in older women with overactive bladder symptoms: A comparison of urodynamic parameters between women with normal and elevated post‐void residual urine
Authors: Park Jeongok , Lavelle John P. , Palmer Mary H. 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo compare urodynamic parameters in two groups of older women who have overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms: those with normal and those with elevated post‐void residual (PVR).MethodsSecondary data analyses were conducted on medical record data from 203 women who were 65 years or older and who completed urodynamic testing. Of these, 151 (74%) medical records met the study criteria. A PVR of 100 ml or greater during the pressure‐flow study was considered elevated for this study. Maximal flow rate (Qmax) and detrusor pressure at Qmax, bladder capacity, voiding volume, and voiding pattern were compared between these two groups.ResultsThe mean Qmax and detrusor pressure at Qmax were 19.63 ml/sec (SD = 8.74) and 16.15 cmH2O (SD = 11.19) for the overall sample, respectively. The elevated PVR group (n = 54) had significantly higher detrusor pressure at Qmax and bladder capacity than the normal PVR group (n = 97) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). An interrupted voiding pattern accounted for 47.4% of the normal PVR group and 77.4% of the elevated PVR group, respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOlder women with an elevated PVR required on average a higher detrusor pressure at Qmax and greater bladder capacity than women with a normal PVR. Although an interrupted voiding pattern was more prevalent in the elevated PVR group, many women in the normal PVR group also had an interrupted voiding pattern. These findings indicate that many women may habitually strain to void as well as strain due to inadequate detrusor function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:95–99, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the perceptions and experiences of Certified Registered Nurse Anaesthetists regarding handovers: a focus group study
Authors: Testa Denise , Emery Susan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this exploratory study was to gain further insight into the perceptions and experiences of Certified Registered Nurse Anaesthetists regarding intraoperative handovers of care.BackgroundHandovers of care often result in adverse events in hospitalized patients and this risk is increased in the operating room setting where handovers occur frequently. Handovers between nurse anaesthetists, who provide the majority of anaesthesia in the United States today, is under‐researched.DesignFocus groups with Certified Registered Nurse Anaesthetists.MethodsTwo groups of nurse anaesthetists were recruited to participate in focus groups exploring their perception and experiences with intraoperative handovers of care. Content analysis was used to construe meaning from the context of the interviews. The findings were interpreted and discussed in a framework of Relationship‐Based Care.FindingsThere were four main themes that emerged from the data: (1) characteristics of the setting are a threat to handover quality; (2) individual provider characteristics have an impact on handover quality; (3) The timing of the handover represents a threat to handover quality and (4) individual patient characteristics have an impact on handover quality.ConclusionThe specific threats to safe handover of care between nurse anaesthetists were perceived to fall into four major themes; this provides information needed to strengthen the environment of care and to improve safety in handover of care in the operating suite.
Ovarian function in female survivors after multimodal Ewing sarcoma therapy
Authors: Raciborska Anna , Bilska Katarzyna , Filipp Ewa , Drabko Katarzyna , Rogowska Elżbieta , Chaber Radosław , Pogorzała Monika , Połczyńska Katarzyna , Adrianowska Natalia , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Maciejewski Tomasz 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundWith advances in cancer care, more young women with Ewing sarcoma (ES) survive after treatment. Thus, we sought to analyze the ovarian function in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal females and young women receiving multimodal therapy for ES, and to identify patients at risk of infertility on whom fertility preservation would be indicated.ProceduresTwenty‐seven female survivors of ES were included in this retrospective multiinstitutional study. Patients were classified into four groups according to the treatment received: chemotherapy (CHT) without pelvic radiation (pRT), chemotherapy and pRT, CHT and autologous hematopoietic cell stem rescue (aHSCT) without pRT, and CHT + pRT + aHSCT. The ovarian function and fertility outcomes were analyzed.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 5.7 years from diagnosis, and at median age at follow‐up of 16.3 years, 67% of the survivors had premature ovarian insufficiency, including all patients receiving pelvic RT and 87.5% of patients who underwent aHSCT, independent of chemoprotection. Thirty‐seven percent of patients had a clinical syndrome of premature menopause. The relative risk (RR) of premature ovarian insufficiency of a survivor was 3.9 (p 0.03) for pRT, and 2.4 (p 0.07) for aHSCT. On multivariate analysis, radiation therapy was a significant predictor of higher risk of premature ovarian insufficiency over chemotherapy alone.ConclusionsA large proportion of women receiving multimodal therapy for ES develop premature ovarian insufficiency. Patients and guardians should be informed about the reproductive potential and strategies for preservation of ovarian function should be considered individually. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:341–345. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of adaptive functioning and psychosocial adjustment in children with pediatric brain tumor: A report from the brain radiation investigative study consortium
Authors: Robinson Kristen E. , Wolfe Kelly R. , Yeates Keith O. , Mahone E. Mark , Cecil Kim M. , Ris M. Douglas 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundChildren are at risk for psychosocial and adaptive morbidities following diagnosis of and treatment for a pediatric brain tumor. This study examined whether familial/demographic, developmental, diagnostic, or treatment‐related variables best predict the acute psychosocial adjustment and adaptive functioning of children soon after an initial diagnosis.ProcedureParticipants included 56 children (mean age = 10.72, SD = 4.02) newly diagnosed with a pediatric brain tumor. Parents completed background/demographic forms and completed ratings of children's behavioral and emotional symptoms, and adaptive behavior. Diagnostic and treatment‐related information was abstracted from medical records.ResultsParent ratings of behavioral symptoms and adaptive functioning were within normative expectation, although rates of clinical impairment in adaptive functioning exceeded expected rates. A combination of familial/demographic and diagnostic variables were associated with acute functioning. In multiple regressions, tumor size best predicted adaptive functioning after initial diagnosis, whereas tumor location best predicted variance in behavioral symptoms.ConclusionsChildren may be more vulnerable to acute impairment in adaptive functioning following diagnosis of a pediatric brain tumor, but rates of behavioral symptoms were within expectation. Familial, sociodemographic, and diagnostic variables may help to identify those most at risk of impairment. Screening of these factors within tertiary care settings will be useful to identify those most in need of psychosocial care during the initial phases of treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:509–516. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass spectrometry studies of lycodine‐type Lycopodium alkaloids: sauroxine and N‐demethylsauroxine
Authors: Cifuente Diego A. , Vallejo Mariana G. , Ortega Maria G. , Cabrera José L. , Martín Víctor S. , Tonn Carlos E. , Agnese Alicia M. , Ardanaz Carlos E. 
Published: November 2014

RATIONALESauroxine and N‐demethylsauroxine are lycodine‐type Lycopodium alkaloids. In recent years, Lycopodium alkaloids have gained significant interest due to their unique skeletal characteristics as well as due to their acetylcholinesterase activity. It is known that drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase can be used to treat the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.METHODSSauroxine and N‐demethylsauroxine were isolated from the aerial parts of Huperzia saururus (Lam.) Trevis. Electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS) (low resolution) and collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID‐MS/MS) fragmentation was conducted using an ion trap, GCQ Plus mass spectrometer with MS/MS. Electron ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (EI‐HRMS) was performed in a magnetic sector mass spectrometer (Micromass VG).RESULTSUsing GC/EI‐CID‐MS/MS we obtained different fragmentation routes that connect all the ionic populations. In addition, the use of EI‐HRMS allowed us to measure the exact masses of all the fragment ions, and, with all this information gathered, we tried to establish a fragmentation scheme concordant with the ascendant and descendant species.CONCLUSIONSThe mass spectrometry studies presented in this work complete our mass studies of Lycopodium alkaloids. The mass spectrometry work presented has been very useful to confirm the structures as well as to support the biogenetic relationships between the lycodine‐type Lycopodium alkaloids: sauroxine and N‐demethylsauroxine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid, high‐precision measurements of boron isotopic compositions in marine carbonates
Authors: McCulloch Malcolm T. , Holcomb Michael , Rankenburg Kai , Trotter Julie A. 
Published: November 2014

RATIONALEThe isotopic composition and elemental abundance of boron (B) in marine carbonates provide a powerful tool for tracking changes in seawater pH and carbonate chemistry. Progress in this field has, however, been hampered by the volatile nature of B, its persistent memory, and other uncertainties associated with conventional chemical extraction and mass spectrometric measurements. Here we show that for marine carbonates, these limitations can be overcome by using a simplified, low‐blank, chemical extraction technique combined with robust multi‐collector inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS) methods.METHODSSamples are dissolved in dilute HNO3 and loaded first onto on a cation‐exchange column with the major cations (Ca, Mg, Sr, Na) being quantitatively retained while the B fraction is carried in the eluent. The eluent is then passed directly through an anion column ensuring that any residual anions, such as SO42−, are removed. Isotopic measurements of 11B/10B ratios are undertaken by matching both the B concentration and the isotopic compositions of the samples with the bracketing standard, thereby minimising corrections for cross‐contamination.RESULTSThe veracity of the MC‐ICPMS procedure is demonstrated using a gravimetrically prepared laboratory standard, UWA24.7, relative to the international reference standard NIST SRM 951 (δ11B = 0‰). This gives values consistent with gravimetry (δ11B = 24.7 ± 0.3‰ 2sd) for solutions ranging in concentration from 50 to 500 ppb, equivalent to ~2–10 mg size coral samples. The overall integrity of the method for carbonate analysis is demonstrated by measurements of the international carbonate standard JCp‐1 (δ11B = 24.3 ± 0.34‰ 2sd).CONCLUSIONSA streamlined, integrated approach is described here that enables rapid, accurate, high‐precision measurements of boron isotopic compositions and elemental abundances in commonly analysed biogenic carbonates, such as corals, bivalves, and large benthic forams. The overall simplicity of this robust approach should greatly facilitate the wider application of boron isotope geochemistry, especially to marine carbonates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Program equivalence by circular reasoning
Authors: Lucanu Dorel , Rusu Vlad 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We propose a logic and a deductive system for stating and automatically proving the equivalence of programs written in languages having a rewriting-based operational semantics. The chosen equivalence is parametric in a so-called observation relation, and it says that two programs satisfying the observation relation will inevitably be, in the future, in the observation relation again. This notion of equivalence generalises several well-known equivalences and is appropriate for deterministic (or, at least, for confluent) programs. The deductive system is circular in nature and is proved sound and weakly complete; together, these results say that, when it terminates, our system correctly solves the given program-equivalence problem. We show that our approach is suitable for proving equivalence for terminating and non-terminating programs as well as for concrete and symbolic programs. The latter are programs in which some statements or expressions are symbolic variables. By proving the equivalence between symbolic programs, one proves the equivalence of (infinitely) many concrete programs obtained by replacing the variables by concrete statements or expressions. The approach is illustrated by proving program equivalence in two languages from different programming paradigms. The examples in the paper, as well as other examples, can be checked using an online tool.
Does pollen limitation affect population growth of the endangered Dracocephalum austriacum L.?
Authors: Castro Sílvia , Dostálek Tomáš , van der Meer Sascha , Oostermeijer Gerard , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReproductive strategies can have significant consequences for the viability of plant populations. Still, the effects of lower fruit set due to pollen limitation on plant demography and population persistence have rarely been explored. The objectives of this study were to assess the ecological factors determining female reproductive success and to study the impact of pollen limitation on population growth of Dracocephalum austriacum L. (Lamiaceae), a critically endangered species with a discontinuous distribution across Europe. Despite the significant background information gathered on the population dynamics and genetic diversity of D. austriacum, little is known about its reproductive strategy and the effect it has on population growth. Thus, the reproductive system, pollinator assemblage and pollen limitation were studied in natural populations and the impact of pollen‐limited seed production on population growth was assessed using existing transition matrix models. The results revealed that D. austriacum is protandrous self‐compatible species that produces very few seeds in the absence of pollinators. The flowers are visited by several insects, including legitimate pollinators (e.g., Bombus hortorum, Osmia spp.) and nectar robbers (other Bombus spp., O. aurulenta). Fruit and seed production was significantly pollen‐limited in all populations studied. However, despite the positive effect of pollen supplementation on seed production, the resulting increase in seed number did not significantly increase population growth rates in any of the studied populations. Hence, we conclude that populations are demographically stable and current natural seed production is sufficient for the species’ persistence.
What do mothers want to know about teens' activities? Levels, trajectories, and correlates
Authors: Smetana Judith G. , Rote Wendy M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMiddle class mothers (n = 169) of middle adolescents (M = 15.69 years old) in the U.S. rated how much they want to know and responded qualitatively about what they “always” and “never” want to know about adolescents' risky prudential (e.g., drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs), personal (e.g., teens' private conversations), and multifaceted (involving overlapping prudential and personal concerns) activities. Latent growth curve modeling over one year showed that mothers wanted to know most about prudential, less about multifaceted, and least about personal activities; wanting to know declined over time for each type of activity, but less for prudential than for other activities. With teen problem behavior controlled, psychologically controlling parenting, supportive and negative interactions with teens, knowledge of adolescents' activities, and teens' age were associated with individual differences in mothers' initial ratings and trajectories of wanting to know, although results varied by domain and were moderated by teen gender.
American Red Cross Digital Operations Center (DigiDOC): An Essential Emergency Management Tool for the Digital Age
Authors: Markenson David , Howe Laura 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSocial media is becoming the first source of information and also the first way to communicate messages. Because social media users will take action based on the information they are seeing, it is important that organizations like the Red Cross be active in the social space. We describe the American Red Cross’s concept for a Digital Operations Center (DigiDOC) that we believe should become an essential part of all emergency operations centers and a key piece of all agencies that operate in disasters. The American Red Cross approach is a practical and logical approach that other agencies can use as a model.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:445-451)
Critical factors in implementing the ISSA Guidelines on return to work and re-integration in developing world contexts
Authors: Olivier Marius , Govindjee Avinash 
Published: November 2014

The International Social Security Association (ISSA) “Guidelines on Return-to-Work and Reintegration” (the Guidelines) chronicles good practice models, policies and procedures which have successfully been implemented by social security institutions in respect of return-to-work and reintegration. Models have specifically been developed by ISSA in order to identify approaches that will enable decision-makers in social security institutions to benefit from global experience in this area. In particular, the Guidelines are designed to: outline strategic options for social security institutions in order to achieve these outcomes; stimulate discussion around good practice return-to-work programmes for social security institutions; identify critical success design elements; and offer practical implementation tools.Return-to-work of occupationally injured and diseased workers, and the management of their disabilities, is an area clearly in need of reform in the developing world. The proposed contribution focuses on the recent experiences of two middle-to-high income developing countries, namely Malaysia and South Africa, who are at different stages of introducing and implementing detailed return-to-work measures. The paper considers salient aspects of the seven “Specific Return-to-work Principles and Guidelines” (the Specific Guidelines, contained in Part B of the Guidelines) and matches these against the approaches adopted / being adopted by Malaysia and South Africa respectively. This methodology is designed to provide a comparative, context-specific sample of the application of selected issues emerging from the Specific Guidelines in order to provide some pointers for purposes of extrapolating how return-to-work and reintegration might be introduced and implemented in other (middle-to-high income) countries in the developing world.The paper acknowledges the tremendous challenges faced by developing countries in introducing and implementing return-to-work and reintegration arrangements, but focuses instead on the application of Specific Guidelines such as “early intervention” and an “individualized approach” in Malaysia and South Africa. The paper draws on constitutional frameworks, draft and existing legislation, policy statements and judicial precedent in order to demonstrate the extent to which the two countries have already been able to integrate selected best practice principles, which are now contained in the Specific Guidelines, in their respective approaches. The paper accordingly holds the potential to demonstrate that the sentiments contained in the Guidelines are practically implementable and ought, therefore, to be carefully considered and analysed by other countries seeking to introduce similar return-to-work and rehabilitation initiatives.