bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐120: Nucleation‐control Bistable Twist Nematic Display
Authors: Tseng Man‐Chun , Lee Chung‐Yung , Ho Tsz‐Kin , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA fast π bistable twist nematic (π‐BTN) liquid crystal display controlled by nucleation process is developed. The nucleation induced by the patterned spacer inside the cell. The response time is fast and it depends on the density of patterned spacer.
P‐122: Improvement in a PDLC with Low Driving Voltage and High Contrast Ratio for Transparent Displays
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Sheng , Su Chuan‐Tsung , Lien Jan‐Tien 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a real 3 inch panel showing high transmittance 15% and colorful images is demonstrated by polymerization induced phase separation(PIPS) method. It can be worked in low driving voltage as low as 5 V. The research still faces difficulties in measurements and droplet stabilization. It might be improved in the future.
P‐125: Optimisation of the Mechanical Stability and Rewriting Speed of Optically Rwritable e‐Paper
Authors: Sun Jiatong , Srivastava Abhishek , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProcess optimization for increasing the response speed of liquid crystal optical rewritable e‐paper was investigated. It is demonstrated that by filling LC in atmosphere condition rewriting time could be decreased to 6 seconds with good repeatability. Increasing the spin coating speed and time could also decrease the azimuthal anchoring energy, but it will cause non‐continuous film form of alignment layer which causes large speed dispersion that is not good for practical use. Serial experiments show that with smaller azimuthal anchoring energy the rewriting time could be smaller. The results demonstrate that with proper fabrication process of alignment layer for liquid crystal optical rewritable e‐paper, azimuthal anchoring energy could be adjusted to an optimal value which is beneficial for achieving fastest rewriting speed and at the same time strong enough to well align LC.
P‐127: Drive Schemes for Sub‐Millisecond Switching of LCD Panels
Authors: Kim Jung‐Wook , Choi Tae‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper we introduce drive schemes for sub‐millisecond switching of a liquid crystal display panel using a three‐terminal electrode structure. By applying a vertical trigger pulse method, we obtained the turn‐off switching time of 0.52 ms without any decrease of transmittance. By applying a vertical bias field, we obtained the total response time of 0.70 ms.
P‐181L: Late‐News Poster: A Novel Optically Compensated Tunable Birefringence (OCTB) Liquid Crystal Electro‐optical Device Exhibiting High Speed Response
Authors: Kobayashi Shunsuke , Takeuchi Kiyofumi , Kaneoya Masakazu , Kotani Kunihiko , Takatsu Haruyoshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel optically compensated tunable birefringence (OCTB)–LC electro‐optical device that exhibits a fast response has been developed by making a crossly stacked TB cell especially designed their optical retardation should be π/2+α, where α is to be from ‐0.1 to ‐0.6.
P‐129: Fast Switching of a Vertically‐Aligned Liquid Crystal Cell by Forming Polymer Networks at a Low Temperature
Authors: Park Byung Wok , Kim Jung‐Wook , Oh Seung‐Won , Huh Jae‐Won , Yoon Tae‐Hoon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe propose a method for fast switching of a vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal (LC) cell by forming polymer networks at a low temperature. We found by experiment that the response time of a VA cell can be reduced by low‐temperature curing. The turn‐off time of the fabricated VA cell was reduced by 54% when the polymers were cured at ‐20°C.
P‐130: Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Cell with Corrugated and Parallel Electrodes
Authors: Yang Ya‐Ting , Chang Wei‐Fu , Chen Po‐Jen , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lin Chi‐Feng , Lee Jiunn‐Yih , Liu Kou‐Chen , Lee Jiun‐Haw 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe fabricated a liquid crystal (LC) cell with electrodes on both substrates which are periodically corrugated and parallel to each other. It creates an electric field oblique to substrate direction. Polymer dispersed LC fabricated in such a cell showed higher contrast ratio and wider viewing angle performance than a conventional planar one.
P‐131: Surface Anchoring of Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Displays Enhanced by Surface Polymer Stabilization
Authors: Weng Libo , Liao Pei‐Chun , Chien Liang‐Chy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new method to enhance the surface anchoring of vertical alignment liquid crystal devices using surface polymer stabilization is introduced. Mixture made of a nematic liquid crystal and a minute amount of reactive monomer is polymerized to form sub‐micron sized polymer protrusions on the two substrates of the cell. Several kinds of monomers are tested.
P‐183L: Late‐News Poster: Temporal Division Method for Improving Off‐Axis Image Quality of VA LCDs
Authors: Park Jong‐Su , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA type of vertical alignment (VA) LCD shows a decrease in off‐axis image quality. Although it has been improved using super patterned VA (S‐PVA), its aperture ratio decreases. This letters reports the application of temporal division method (TDM) which is introduced to improve both off‐axis image quality and the aperture ratio.
P‐135: Reflective LCD without Flicker for Reduced Eye Strain
Authors: Fukai Shuji , Niikura Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Manabu , Ikenaga Makoto , Hatsumi Ryo , Nishi Takeshi , Ishitani Tetsuji , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Sato Rai , Cho Takayuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe fabricated a 6.05‐inch reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using a CAAC‐OS for a driving transistor. We achieved low frequency driving at 1/60 fps or lower and flicker reduction. With our LCD, eye strain can be reduced more than with an electrophoretic display.
P‐136: Electrical Color and Intensity Tuning in Cholesteric Reflective Display
Authors: Nemati Hossein , Zola Rafael S. , Yang Deng‐Ke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe developed reflective cholesteric displays whose color and reflectance can be electrically tuned. The displays were made from polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Monomers and cholesteric liquid crystals were mixed and then polymerized under UV light. When the monomer was achiral, the resulted display exhibited a narrow reflection band, and the reflectance and color can be tuned by applying AC voltages. When the monomer is chiral, the resulted display exhibited a broad reflection band, and the reflectance can be tuned by applying DC voltages.
P‐144: Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Nanostructured AZO: A Low‐Cost Way towards Enhanced Light Extraction for Large Area Lighting Application
Authors: Jiang Yibin , Li Guijun , Li He , Chen Shuming , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated on nanostructured aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO). The nanostructured AZO was formed by selectively etching as‐prepared AZO film. The nanostructured AZO serves not only as low‐cost indium‐free anode but also as internal light extraction structure. OLEDs on it showed a 25.7% efficiency enhancement compared to the conventional ones.
P‐145: Light Extraction from Organic Light Emitting Diode Lighting with Low Haze by Selective Microlens Arrays
Authors: Hwang Ju Hyun , Lee Hyun Jun , Choi Kyung Bok , Shim Yong Sub , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Kim Kyu Nyun , Park Cheol Hwee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOrganic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting with a highly improved efficiency and low haze is demonstrated by selective microlens arrays (SMLAs). Black grid lines in the emission region became brighter with a low haze using the SMLAs, and the spectrum of the emitted light had no shift.
P‐148: Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Patterning Scheme and its Application to ITO‐free Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ouyang Shihong , Xie Yingtao , Shi Qiang , Cai Shucheng , Zhu Dalong , Xu Xin , Wang Dongping , Tan Te , Fong Hon Hang , DeFranco John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHighly conductive PEDOT:PSS (~1000 S/cm) is a promising material for future flexible applications. To apply PEDOT:PSS to be conductive electrodes in organic electronic devices, a patterning scheme is introduced here. With patterned polymeric anodes, high‐resolution patterning of PEDOT:PSS on large‐area flexible substrates and efficient ITO‐free RGB PHOLEDs were achieved.
P‐157: Solution‐processed Light Extraction Structure and Metallic Grid Electrode for Enhanced Outcoupling of OLED
Authors: Yoon Dai Geon , Bang Geun Hong , Hyun Woo Jin , Kang Ho Jong , Chin Byung Doo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSolution‐processible outcoupling structures and metallic grid/nanowire based electrodes were fabricated by spin coating, spraying, and transfer process. Outcoupling structures, such as scattering layer from titanium dioxide(TiO2) nanoparticle, corrugation pattern from a mixture of silicon dioxide (SiO2)/TiOx sol, and polymeric microlens from patterns of convective self‐assembly of nanoparticles, were optimized and enhancement in the light extraction at phosphorescent OLEDs was evaluated.
P‐158: Improved Electron Injection in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Samarium Doped Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Kwon Yongwon , Han Jongseok , Lee Changhee 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe introduced rare earth metal samarium (Sm) as n‐type dopant, which is less reactive than alkaline metals and has low workfunction. The electrical and optical properties of Sm doped 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen) thin films with different concentrations are investigated. We also demonstrated the Sm‐doped BPhen layer can be utilized as an electron injection layer (EIL) for organic light‐emitting diodes.
P‐160: Application of Graphene Oxide to Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Kukjoo , Han Yun Cheol , Kim Dong‐Young , Kim Do‐Hong , Ahn Sung Il , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe verified the possibility of the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a hole‐injecting material for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The performance of OLEDs with a GO hole‐injection layer (HIL) is comparable to that of conventional devices with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HIL. We expect that GO can resolve the intrinsic problems of the common solution‐processable HIL material, PEDOT:PSS.
P‐166: Touchscreen System Architecture for Safety Critical Applications
Authors: Coni Philippe , Berthon Julie , Perbet Jean‐Noël , Sontag Yves , Abadie Jean Christophe , Dubau Christophe , Balihaut Cedric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTouchscreens used for safety critical applications such as for airplane, automotive and medical applications must not lead to erroneous data inputs.This paper describes a capacitive touchscreen, using a Runtime Validation Enforcement Monitor (RVEM) dedicated to failure mode detection and mitigation, which reduce its erroneous data rate to 10−9/h.
P‐171: Physical Touch Aspects of the Touch Interface for Flight Deck Applications
Authors: Robinson Tim , Grabski Greg , Green John , Jacobson Mickey , Byrne Chris , Harper Doug 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes friction properties between a touchscreen display and the human finger. The friction measurements were made on a custom device that incorporates a 3‐dimensional force plate. Friction properties are found to be dependent on surface structure, surface materials, the finger's hydration level, and the speed of the finger across the surface.
Mechanisms of TiO2 nanoparticle‐induced neuronal apoptosis in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Sheng Lei , Ze Yuguan , Wang Ling , Yu Xiaohong , Hong Jie , Zhao Xiaoyang , Ze Xiao , Liu Dong , Xu Bingqing , Zhu Yunting , Long Yi , Lin Anan , Zhang Chi , Zhao Yue , Hong Fashui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractExposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been demonstrated to decrease learning and memory of animals. However, whether the impacts of these NPs on the recognition function are involved in hippocamal neuron damages is poorly understood. In this study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from one‐day‐old fetal Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to 5, 15, or 30 µg/mL TiO2 NPs for 24 h, we investigated cell viability, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, apoptotic signaling pathway associated with the primary cultured hippocamal neuron apoptosis. Our findings showed that TiO2 NP treatment resulted in reduction of cell viability, promoted lactate dehydrogenase release, apoptosis, and increased neuron apoptotic rate in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs led to [Ca2+]i elevation, and MMP reduction, up‐regulated protein expression of cytochrome c, Bax, caspase‐3, glucose‐regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase‐12, and down‐regulated bcl‐2 expression in the primary cultured hippocampal neurons. These findings suggested that hippocampal neuron apoptosis caused by TiO2 NPs may be associated with mitochondria‐mediated signal pathway and endoplasmic reticulum‐mediated signal pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1141–1149, 2015.
TiO2‐coated CoCrMo: Improving the osteogenic differentiation and adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Logan Niall , Sherif Anas , Cross Alison J. , Collins Simon N. , Traynor Alison , Bozec Laurent , Parkin Ivan P. , Brett Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe current gold standard material for orthopedic applications is titanium (Ti), however, other materials such as cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo) are often preferred due to their wear resistance and mechanical strength. This study investigates if the bioactivity of CoCrMo can be enhanced by coating the surface with titanium oxide (TiO2) by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thereby replicating the surface oxide layer found on Ti. CoCrMo, TiO2‐coated CoCrMo (CCMT) and Ti substrates were used for this study. Cellular f‐actin distribution was shown to be noticeably different between cells on CCMT and CoCrMo after 24 h in osteogenic culture, with cells on CCMT exhibiting greater spread with developed protrusions. Osteogenic differentiation was shown to be enhanced on CCMT compared to CoCrMo, with increased calcium ion content per cell (p < 0.05), greater hydroxyapatite nodule formation (p < 0.05) and reduced type I collagen deposition per cell (p < 0.05). The expression of the focal adhesion protein vinculin was shown to be marginally greater on CCMT compared to CoCrMo, whereas AFM results indicated that CCMT required more force to remove a single cell from the substrate surface compared to CoCrMo (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that CVD TiO2 coatings may have the potential to increase the biocompatibility of CoCrMo implantable devices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1208–1217, 2015.
PHEX 3′-UTR c.*231A&gt;G Near The Polyadenylation Signal Is a Relatively Common, Mild, American Mutation That Masquerades as Sporadic or X-Linked Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Mumm Steven , Huskey Margaret , Cajic Adela , Wollberg Valerie , Zhang Fan , Madson Katherine L , Wenkert Deborah , McAlister William H , Gottesman Gary S , Whyte Michael P 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Heritable forms of hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) include X-linked dominant (XLH), autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant HR (from deactivating mutations in PHEX, DMP1 or ENPP1, and activating mutations in FGF23, respectively). Over 30 years, we have cared for 284 children with HR. For those 72 deemed sporadic XLH, we preliminarily reported mutation analysis for 30 subjects. Eleven had PHEX mutations. However, the remaining 19 lacked readily identifiable defects in PHEX, DMP1, or FGF23. In 2008, a novel single-base change near the polyadenylation (pA) signal in the 3′-UTR of PHEX was identified in XLH by other investigators. This c.*231A &gt; G mutation is 3-bp upstream of the putative pA signal (AATAAA) in PHEX. Accordingly, we investigated whether this 3′-UTR defect accounted for HR in any of these 19 sporadic XLH patients. PCR amplification and sequencing of their 3′-UTR region showed the c.*231A &gt; G mutation in four unrelated boys. Then, among an additional 22 of our 72 “sporadic” XLH patients, one boy and one girl were found to have the 3′-UTR defect, totaling six patients. Among these 52 sporadic XLH patients with PHEX analysis, 36 were girls and 16 were boys; ie, a ∼2:1 gender ratio consistent with XLH. However, finding five boys and only one girl with this 3′-UTR mutation presented an unexplained gender bias (p = 0.02). Haplotyping for the five boys, all reportedly unrelated, showed a common core haplotype suggesting a founder. Five of their six mothers had been studied clinically and biochemically (three radiologically). Remarkably, the seemingly unaffected mothers of four of these boys carried the 3′-UTR mutation. These healthy women had normal height, straight limbs, lacked the radiographic presentation of XLH, and showed normal or slight decreases in fasting serum Pi levels and/or TmP/GFR. Hence, PHEX c.*231A &gt; G can masquerade as sporadic or X-linked recessive HR. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Aminated Ordered Mesoporous Carbons: Preparation and Catalytic Performance for Knoevenagel Condensation Reactions
Authors: Xing Rong , Fei Zhenghao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe amine‐ and diamine‐functionalized mesoporous carbons with hexagonal mesostructure have been prepared by a rationally two‐step modification procedure under mild reaction conditions, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the obtained solid basic mesoporous catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption‐desorption, FT‐IR, EDX and elemental analysis techniques. The results indicated the organic amine groups were successfully introduced inside the channels of mesoporous carbons without destroying the well‐ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructure. A series of Knoevenagel condensation of aldehyde/ketone with active methylene compounds have been carried out over the diamine‐function‐ alized mesoporous carbons, which proved to be efficient heterogeneous basic catalysts and exhibited a similar catalytic activity after sixth cycles. This can be attributed to its hydrophobic framework and hydrophilic diamine groups, which led to amphiphilic properties and offered some advantages for the Knoevenagel condensation reactions.
Quantitative analysis of pancreatic echogenicity on transabdominal sonography: Correlations with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jeong Hyeon Tae , Lee Mu Sook , Kim Myeong‐Jin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo attempt a quantitative analysis of pancreatic echogenicity on transabdominal ultrasonography (US) and evaluate the correlation between pancreatic echogenicity and metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated transabdominal sonograms from 286 subjects. Mean pancreatic body brightness, mean perihepatic fat brightness, and the pancreato‐perihepatic fat index (PPHFI) were measured, and reproducibility was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Associations between the PPHFI and MetS components were analyzed. The optimal PPHFI cutoff value to predict MetS was calculated.ResultsReproducibility was good for mean pancreatic body brightness, mean perihepatic fat brightness, and PPHFI with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.98, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively. Each MetS component showed a significant association with PPHFI. Waist circumference had the strongest association (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). PPHFI was significantly higher in the MetS (+) group than the MetS (−) group (p < 0.0001), and PPHFI was an independent factor predicting MetS (p = 0.02; odds ratio, 2.89). The best PPHFI cutoff value to predict MetS was 1.97, with a relatively high negative predictive value of 94.1%.ConclusionsWe quantitatively analyzed pancreatic echogenicity using the PPHFI on US and found that an increased PPHFI was significantly correlated with MetS. Because increased PPHFI on US may indicate MetS, radiologists and clinicians need to be aware of its implications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 43:98–108, 2015
UVvariability in an arid region of Northwest China from measurements and reconstructions
Authors: Wang Lunche , Gong Wei , Feng Lan , Hu Bo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTUltraviolet radiation (UV) observed at Fukang (FK), China from 2004 to 2012 was used to investigateUVvariability and its relationship with global solar radiation (G) under various sky conditions in Northwest China. Clearness index (Kt) was used for characterizing the sky conditions andUVmodel development, it was discovered that clear skies were the dominated sky conditions (48.72%), followed by partly cloudy (32.56%) and overcast (18.72%) skies. DailyFUV(fraction ofUVtoG) increased from November to June with an annual mean of 4.00% atFK. Meanwhile, an efficient all‐skyUVmodel under any sky conditions has been proposed by investigating the dependence of hourlyUVirradiations onKtand cosine of solar zenith angleμ. The model was assessed through the statistical indices: mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute bias error (MABE) and root mean square error (RMSE) whose values were 1.27 (−0.24), 4.64 (4.56) and 6.26% (6.14%), respectively at hourly (daily) basis. The model has also been tested at three other sites with distinctly different climates in China. Finally, dailyUVradiation during 1961–2012 in Northwest China was reconstructed and annual mean dailyUVirradiation was about 0.603 MJ m−2 d−1.UVdecreased at 0.62 KJ m−2 d−1decade−1during the whole study period and the decreases were sharpest in spring (3.28 KJ m−2 d−1decade−1), however, there was an increasing trend at the rate of 2.16 KJ m−2 d−1year−1since 1991.
Stabilizing the Microphase Separation of Block Copolymers by Controlled Photo‐crosslinking
Authors: Tietz Katharina , Finkhäuser Stefanie , Samwer Konrad , Vana Philipp 
Published: July 2014

Photo‐crosslinkable material is produced via self‐assembly of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PBA) block copolymers, in which the MMA block is decorated with coumarin moieties. The block copolymer is synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals microphase separation into nanodomains of controlled and regular morphology. The local elastic modulus of different nanodomains is determined using the PeakForce Quantitative Nano‐Mechanics (PFQNM) mode of AFM. The global modulus, as determined by mechanical spectroscopy, agrees well with the local values. The crosslinking of the block copolymer, via photodimerization of the incorporated coumarin moieties using UV light, is traced by UV–vis absorption measurements and resulted in an increase of the global elastic modulus. The crosslinking reaction proceeding in the solid state is surprisingly effective and stabilizes the morphology to such an extent that equilibrium phase separation, as targeted by annealing, is effectively suppressed.
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