bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse Aggregates as Adaptive Self‐Assembled Systems for Selective Liquid‐Liquid Cation Extraction
Authors: Zemb Thomas , Duvail Magali , Dufrêche Jean‐François 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSeparation of metals in the cationic form is the basis of hydrometallurgy. Ion‐specific separation is achieved via selective transfer between liquid phases that have been emulsified in order to be in “close” contact. We show here how the organization of water‐in‐oil (w/o) “reverse” aggregates in the solvent phase controls the free energy of transfer of cations in the form of neutral salts between phases. Indeed, all known efficient ion separation mechanisms rely on complex fluids in the Winsor II regime, i.e. when a concentrated mixed salt solution is in equilibrium with a solvent phase containing self‐assembled aggregates. Here, we point out that, in the general case of water‐poor complex fluids containing extractant molecules, long‐range interactions linked to w/o interface curvature participate in the selectivity of any multivalent ion extraction process. The free energy related to ion transfer between phases, i.e. the extraction free energy, is different from the complexation free energy. This difference is the key to the selectivity of the separation process. We give here general expressions linking complexation free energy and transfer free energy as derived from known adsorption isotherms, taking into account interfacial curvature, considered as a generalized scalar related to the packing near the interface.
Modulation of the Selectivity of Schiff Base Formation in Mixtures of Two NH2 Compounds and One Aldehyde or of Two Aldehydes and One Amine
Authors: Stadler Adrian‐Mihail 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMixtures containing two NH2 compounds and one aldehyde, or two aldehydes and one amine, are investigated. In particular, the selectivity of the process of Schiff base formation is explored, as well as additives (acid, metal ions) that can modulate this selectivity.
LONG‐TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF LINING TERTIARY CANALS IN THE INDUS BASIN OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Raza Ali , Latif Muhammad , Shakir Abdul Sattar 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of lining tertiary canals with respect to their lining age. Twenty partially lined canals (1–25 years of lining age) were randomly selected and these were classified into five age groups with a class interval of 5 years. The flow rate of each selected channel was measured at the head and tail of the lined sections, and in the unlined sections at a distance equal to the length of the lined sections. The conveyance losses varied from 0.76 to 1.31 l s‐1 per 100 m length. The lowest losses were observed in the newly lined canals (1– 5 years old) while the highest losses were observed in the case of group IV, having a lining age of between 16 and 20 years. The conveyance losses were reduced by 47 and 30% respectively in groups I and V. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate that the effectiveness of lining decreases with its age. A significant amount of water is saved by the newly lined canals; however, this benefit decreases as the lining become older. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualisation of methacrylate‐embedded human bone sections by infrared nanoscopy
Authors: Geith Tobias , Amarie Sergiu , Milz Stefan , Bamberg Fabian , Keilmann Fritz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA recently developed ultra‐resolving near‐field infrared nanoscope is applied to investigate methyl methacrylate embedded, un‐decalcified human bone sections. Results show detail at a resolution of 30 nm. Specific contrasting of mineral components is enabled by choosing an appropriate infrared wavelength, here 9.47 μm, in the phosphate vibrational band. The method is surface‐sensitive, probing to a depth of about 30 nm into the surface. The obtained infrared images are presented in direct comparison with optical and electron micrographs of the identical specimen. Lamellar bone organization, peri‐cellular mineral deposition, and regional differences in mineral content are clearly detectable. Individual fibrils are resolved. – Infrared nanoscopy requires just standard hard tissue preparation techniques combined with section surface polishing. It can be integrated into existing laboratory environments without impeding subsequent routine staining and evaluation methods. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SEC's Last Say on IFRS Work Plan: They're Not Saying
Authors: Ciesielski Jack T. , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFor the past five years, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has toiled away on a thorny issue: Is the United States ready for the widespread use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)? This project has been plagued with delays. But on July 13, 2012, the Office of the Chief Ac‐countant (OCA) released its hotly anticipated “final report” on the work plan for consideration of IFRS in U.S. financial reporting. However, the report was not what many expected: a recommendation on whether IFRS should be an integral part of U.S. capital markets. But the final report did highlight the big issues that still need to be resolved before the SEC ever makes its determination. For that reason alone, say the authors of this article, it's worth digging into the final report‐and also to find clues about where the whole process may be going. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Using a Two‐System Multiplex‐PCR Protocol
Authors: Fialho Octaviana Baccin , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , de Borba Dallagassa Cibelle , de Oliveira Pedrosa Fábio , Klassen Giseli , Irino Kinue , Paludo Katia Sabrina , de Assis Flávia Emanoelli Araújo , Surek Monica , de Souza Santos Farah Sônia Maria , Fadel‐Picheth Cyntia Maria Telles 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are important causes of diarrhea. However, they cannot be distinguished from E. coli of the intestinal microbiota by conventional microbiological tests.MethodsThis work presents a two‐system multiplex PCR for detection of DEC. Primers for 16S rRNA gene were added as internal amplification control to validate negative reactions. The multiplex‐PCR system 1 contains primers for detection of Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC; stx1, stx2), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; eae, bfpA), atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEc; eae), enteroinvasive E. coli (ETEC; lt, st), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC; ial), and the internal amplification control 16S rRNA. The system 2 contains primers for EIEC (ipaH), enteroaggregative E. coli (CVD432), diffusely adherent E. coli (daaE), and 16S rRNA. The protocol was tested with E. coli reference strains, and also with cultures of fecal specimens of people with diarrhea and healthy controls.ResultsThe protocol correctly identified the DEC reference strains. No DEC marker was amplified for negative controls; these results were validated by the amplification of a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. The frequency of DEC was 7.6% for both patients and healthy controls; two Shigella sonnei strains were detected in the group with diarrhea. The identity of the amplicons was confirmed by DNA sequencing.ConclusionThe protocol is specific for DEC Shigella and is suitable for clinical laboratories. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 27:155–161, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of IGF‐I Gene Polymorphisms on Coronary Artery Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Lin Hsiu‐Ling , Ueng Kwo‐Chang , Wang Hsiang‐Ling , Chen Tsung‐Po , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chu Shu‐Chen , Hsieh Yih‐Shou 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) was the second leading cause of death for the past 3 years in Taiwan. The insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system is considered a new risk factor of CAD because investigations show that the levels and bioactivity of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 (where IGFBP is insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein) may be involved in elevating the risk of CAD. This study investigated the relationships among IGF‐I +1770, IGF‐I +6093, and IGFBP‐3 ‐202 genetic polymorphisms and CAD in the Taiwanese population.MethodsA total of 581 subjects, including 390 non‐CAD controls and 191 patients with CAD, were recruited and the isolated DNA was subjected to real‐time polymerase chain to evaluate the effects of these three polymorphic variants on CAD.ResultsOur results showed a significant association between the IGF‐I +1770 gene polymorphism and increased risk of CAD. Furthermore, CAD patients with a minimum of one mutant C allele, T/C or C/C, in IGF‐I +1770 gene polymorphism had significantly high blood pressure including systolic blood pressure (SBP; P = 0.025) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.004), compared to CAD patients with T/T homozygotes. Moreover, CAD patients with a minimum of one mutant A allele, G/A or A/A, in the IGF‐I +6093 gene polymorphism had a 1.695‐fold elevated risk of congestive heart failure (CHF), compared to CAD patients with the G/G homozygote.ConclusionsPolymorphism of IGF‐I +1770 was associated with increased CAD risk. In CAD patients, the contributions of IGF‐I +1770 and +6093 could be through the effect on blood pressure in CAD patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 27:162–169, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI evaluation of acute appendicitis in pregnancy
Authors: Dewhurst Catherine , Beddy Peter , Pedrosa Ivan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluation of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy. MRI offers an opportunity to identify the normal or inflamed appendix as well as a variety of other pathologic conditions that can masquerade clinically as acute appendicitis in pregnant women. Visualization of the normal appendix by MRI virtually excludes the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and may help reduce the negative laparotomy rate in this patient population. Here we discuss a comprehensive MRI protocol for evaluation of pregnant women with abdominal pain, focusing on the appearance and location of the normal and diseased appendix, and we describe an approach to diagnosing acute appendicitis and other conditions with MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:566–575. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the foot and ankle
Authors: Sofka Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFoot and ankle procedures are commonly performed most often in the setting of trauma or for realignment such as hallux valgus or acquired adult flatfoot deformity correction. Complications of these procedures occur not infrequently and therefore diagnostic imaging of the postoperative foot and ankle is often needed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for imaging the postoperative foot and ankle, as it can evaluate both osseous and soft‐tissue pathology. Using tailored MR pulse sequences to reduce metal artifact helps to increase diagnostic yield and evaluation of the regional anatomic structures. This review discusses suggested MRI protocols for evaluating the postoperative foot and ankle as well as the MRI appearance of commonly performed procedures in the foot and ankle such as internal fixation for fractures, forefoot and flatfoot realignment surgeries, and cartilage restorative procedures, as well as some of the more commonly encountered postoperative complications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:556–565. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing Students' Scientific Creativity: The “Learn to Think” Intervention Program
Authors: Hu Weiping , Wu Baojun , Jia Xiaojuan , Yi Xinfa , Duan Chunyan , Meyer Winter , Kaufman James C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe “Learn to Think” (LTT) Intervention Program was developed for raising thinking abilities of primary and secondary school students. It has been implemented in more than 300 schools, and more than 200,000 students took part in the experiment over a 10‐year span. Several longitudinal intervention studies showed thatLTTcould promote the development of students' thinking ability, learning motivation, and learning strategy as well as raise academic performance in primary schools. This article describes a study of the influence and the delayed effects ofLTTon the scientific creativity of secondary school students. One hundred and seven students were selected from a secondary school, 54 of them participated in theLTTevery 2 weeks and the rest had not. The intervention lasted 2 years, and the delayed effect was explored half a year after terminating the intervention. The Scientific Creativity Test for Secondary School Students was used four times from pre‐test to delayed post‐test. The results indicated that theLTTdid promote the development of scientific creativity of secondary school students, and the effects on the scientific creativity were not necessarily immediate, but tended to be long‐lasting.
Oil debris and viscosity monitoring using ultrasonic and capacitance/inductance measurements
Authors: Appleby Matthew , Choy Fred K. , Du Li , Zhe Jiang 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper aims at the development of a comprehensive procedure for detecting oil debris contents, as well as analysing other physical parameters associated with lubricating oil degradation, using a combination of ultrasonic, capacitance and inductance‐based measurements. Brief explanations, accompanied by the derivation of closed‐form expressions that demonstrate the physical sensing mechanisms utilised in this study, are presented. This is followed by a description of the experimental techniques and procedures that were devised to investigate the capability of detecting and differentiating ferrous, non‐ferrous and non‐metallic particles in oil. This study also found that certain sensing methods exhibited promise in characterising fluctuations in oil viscosity and acid/water content in oil. Finally, the possibility of using such fundamental apparatus in concert for use in oil degradation characterisation and machine health‐monitoring applications is discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPR Study into Cross‐Termination and Fragmentation with the Phenylethyl–Phenylethyl Dithiobenzoate RAFT Model System
Authors: Meiser Wibke , Buback Michael , Ries Oliver , Ducho Christian , Sidoruk Alana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) equilibrium constant of the phenylethyl–1‐phenylethyl dithiobenzoate model system is deduced via EPR spectroscopy to be 31 ± 4 L mol−1 at 110 °C. The difference in activation energies of addition and fragmentation, Ea(kad) – Ea(kβ) ≈ −45.6 kJ mol−1, is close to that of the polystyryl–polystyryl dithiobenzoate system. Significant amounts of products from cross‐termination and from “missing step” reaction of the cross‐termination product with the phenylethyl radical demonstrate that intermediate radical termination, rather than slow fragmentation of the RAFT intermediate radical, is responsible for the rate retardation in the dithiobenzoate‐mediated styrene polymerization.magnified image
Extensional Flow and Relaxation of Semi‐dilute Solutions of Schizophyllan
Authors: De Dier Raf , Mathues Wouter , Clasen Christian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCapillary thinning experiments of semi‐dilute solutions of schizophyllan in water and DMSO are performed to determine the relaxation behavior in extensional flows as experienced, for example, in the flow through porous media in enhanced oil recovery. The extensional relaxation timeλEis found to scale with concentration following a dissimilar power‐law dependency for the two solvents,λE ∝ c1.52in water andλE ∝ c0.90in DMSO. It is shown that the extensional flow fields are strong enough to break, and prevent the rebuilding of, intermolecular structures, due to hydrogen bonding that was observed to alter the viscoelastic response in shearing flows of aqueous schizophyllan solutions.magnified image
Assessment of a semi‐automated protocol for multiplex analysis of sepsis‐causing bacteria with spiked whole blood samples
Authors: Laakso Sanna , Mäki Minna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed for efficient and evidence‐based treatment of septic patients. Recently, new molecular tools have emerged to complement the conventional culture‐based diagnostic methods. In this study, we used spiked whole blood samples to evaluate together two ready‐to‐use molecular solutions for the detection of sepsis‐causing bacteria. We spiked whole blood with bacterial species relevant in sepsis and extracted bacterial DNA with the NorDiag Arrow device, using the SelectNA Blood pathogen DNA isolation kit. DNA extracts were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ and microarray‐based Prove‐it™ Bone and Joint assay, resulting in correctly identified bacterial species with detection limits of 11–600 colony‐forming unit/mL (CFU/mL). To understand the recovery losses of bacterial DNA during the sample preparation step and the capability of the PCR‐ and microarray‐based platform to respond to the sensitivity requirements, we also determined the analytical sensitivity of the PCR and microarray platform to be 1–21 genome equivalents for the tested bacterial species. In addition, the inclusivity of the Prove‐it™ Bone and Joint assay was demonstrated with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones carrying SCCmec types I, II, IV, or V and a nontypable SCCmec type. The proof‐of‐concept for accurate multiplex pathogen and antibacterial resistance marker detection from spiked whole blood samples was demonstrated by the selective bacterial DNA extraction method combined with the high‐throughput PCR‐ and microarray‐based platform. Further investigations are needed to study the promising potential of the concept for sensitive, semi‐automated identification of sepsis‐causing pathogens directly from whole blood.
A multi‐mechanism constitutive model for plastic adaption under cyclic loading
Authors: di Prisco Claudio , Mortara Giuseppe 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYAs is well known, granular soils under cyclic loading dissipate a large amount of energy and accumulate large irreversible strains. Usually, with time, this second effect reduces and the accumulation rate decreases with the number of cycles until obtaining a sort of ideal stationary cyclic state at which ratcheting disappears. In this paper, only this ideal state is taken into consideration and simulated by means of a multi‐mechanism constitutive model for plastic adaptation. For this purpose, the concept of cycle is discussed, many different categories of cyclic stress/strain paths are considered and some theoretical issues concerning both the flow and the strain‐hardening rules are tackled. Even though the paper focuses on soil behaviour, the conclusions can be extended to all materials exhibiting ratcheting due to volumetric behaviour.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical value of a patient‐reported goal‐attainment measure: the global development of self‐assessment goal achievement (SAGA) questionnaire for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Khullar Vik , Espuna‐Pons Monserrat , Marschall‐Kehrel Daniela , Fianu‐Jonasson Aino , Kelleher Con J. , Brubaker Linda , Beach James , Piault Elisabeth , Trocio Jeffrey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsTo discuss the importance of patients' treatment goals and perceived goal attainment to better address expectations in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsThe development of the Self‐Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) questionnaire was driven by measurement principles from the field of qualitative and psychometric research adapted to elicit patients' treatment goals. At baseline, SAGA solicits individualized responses of patient's treatment expectations and goals, and at follow‐up SAGA uses a goal‐attainment scale (GAS) to document goal achievement.ResultsThe SAGA questionnaire provides a basis for the patient and physician to discuss realistic treatment expectations and to measure the alignment between patients' expectations and treatment outcomes in terms of improvement in symptoms and impact on function. Therefore, incorporating the SAGA questionnaire into clinical trials may provide an additional dimension of treatment efficacy by incorporating data on treatment satisfaction from the patient's perspective.ConclusionsThe SAGA questionnaire is a useful tool for patient‐centered discussions about the treatment and management of LUTS, including OAB, and assisting physicians in tracking progress and managing patient expectations during therapy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:90–94, 2014. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women's expectations of prolapse surgery: A retrospective qualitative study
Authors: Baskayne Kathryn , Willars Janet , Pitchforth Emma , Tincello Douglas G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsTo explore the expectations of prolapse surgery held by women before that surgery and to examine reasons why such expectations were met, or not met.MethodsQualitative study using one‐to‐one interviews with women who had undergone prolapse surgery in a large UK teaching hospital. Interviews were conducted by a third party, trained interviewer using a piloted interview guide, but women were encouraged to speak freely. Transcripts were analyzed based on the constant comparative method and interviews continued until no new themes emerged.ResultsFifty‐two women were contacted; 32 took part. Twenty‐eight women's interviews were used for analysis, after pilot interviews with four women. Median age was 58 (32–86), 19 were Caucasian, nine of South Indian ethnicity. Anticipated benefits of surgery included global themes of cure without specific definitions, focusing on physical symptoms. A few women anticipated psychological benefit. Most women had expectations of a permanent cure. After surgery, most women considered their surgery a success, for physical symptom improvement. Some women had modified their prior expectations (downwards) and success was interpreted in this light. Provision of information about recovery and symptom resolution was felt to be inadequate by the majority.ConclusionsIn this study, resolution of physical symptoms was the prevalent expectation, along with restoration of “normality.” Normality was often redefined during recovery, indicating the complexity of assessing fulfillment of expectations, and that specific goal‐setting may be inadequate. A chronic illness framework for prolapse may be helpful. Information exchange, especially in the post‐operative period can be improved. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:85–89, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Brief: cell senescence
Authors: Coates Philip J 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCellular senescence is a key process that limits cancer development. The basics of our current understanding of the process are presented, including the genetic and epigenetic events that lead to the senescent phenotype. In addition to limiting replicative lifespan, senescence appears to act as a potent signal to activate immune clearance and alter the microenvironment. Finally, senescence induction is an area for anti‐cancer therapeutic development, but will require the development of appropriate assays to identify the relevant target(s) in individual tumours. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.