bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of transparent Nd:YAG ceramic by vacuum sintering with CaF2 additive
Authors: Meng Qingxin , Liang Baoyan , Li HaiYun , Su Chunhui , Jin Songze 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) ceramics were fabricated via a solid-state reaction method using high-purity Y2O3, Al2O3 and Nd2O3 powders as the raw materials. The mixed powder compacts were sintered at 1 750 °C for 5 h under vacuum. The Nd:YAG bulk without doped CaF2 was opaque. A transparent Nd:YAG ceramic was obtained with tiny amounts of CaF2 addition. The bulk had a uniform microstructure containing grains with an average size of 20 μm. No porosity could be detected in the sintered bulk. The maximum optical transmittance of the sample is 44 % in the visible range.
Response to acute concussive injury in soccer players: is gender a modifying factor?
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L. , Solomon Gary S. , Forbes Jonathan A. , Haase Richard F. , Sills Allen K. , Lovell Mark R. 
Published: October 2012

Object
Several studies have suggested a gender difference in response to sports-related concussion (SRC). The Concussion in Sport group did not include gender as a modifying factor in SRC, concluding that the evidence at that point was equivocal. In the present study the authors endeavored to assess acute neurocognitive and symptom responses to an SRC in equivalent cohorts of male and female soccer players. The authors hypothesized that female athletes would experience greater levels of acute symptoms and neurocognitive impairment than males.

Methods
Baseline symptom and neurocognitive scores were determined in 40 male and 40 female soccer players by using the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) scale prior to any SRC. After sustaining an SRC, each athlete completed postconcussion ImPACT tests and was carefully matched on a wide array of biopsychosocial variables. Baseline symptom and neurocognitive test scores were compared, and their acute symptoms and neurocognitive responses to concussive injury were assessed.

Results
Specific a priori hypotheses about differences between males and females at baseline and at postconcussion measurements of verbal and visual memory ImPACT scores were evaluated according to simple main effects of the gender variable and according to baseline-to-postconcussion main effect and interaction of 2 × 2 split-plot ANOVA. Neither the interaction nor the main effects nor the simple main effects for either ImPACT variable were found to be statistically significant. Exploratory ANOVAs applied to the remaining ImPACT variables of visualmotor speed, reaction time, impulse control, and symptom total scores revealed only a single statistically significant baseline-to-postconcussion main effect for the symptom total.

Conclusions
The results failed to replicate prior findings of gender-specific baseline neurocognitive differences in verbal and visual memory. The findings also indicated no differential gender-based acute response to concussion (symptoms or neurocognitive scores) among high school soccer players. The implications of these findings for the inclusion of gender as a modifying factor in this tightly matched cohort are addressed. Potential explanations for the null findings are discussed.
Development of 161 novel EST‐SSR markers from Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae)
Authors: Sun Xue‐Lian , Yang Tao , Guan Jian‐Ping , Ma Yu , Jiang Jun‐Ye , Cao Rui , Burlyaeva Marina , Vishnyakova Margarita , Semenova Elena , Bulyntsev Sergey , Zong Xu‐Xiao 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (ESTs)–derived microsatellite markers were developed in Lathyrus sativus by screening the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The usefulness of these novel markers was validated for size polymorphism among grasspea accessions.• Methods and Results: Three hundred EST–simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs were identified and loci characterized for size polymorphism among 24 grasspea accessions from worldwide sources. Among them 139 SSR loci produced no PCR product, 117 SSR loci were monomorphic, and 44 SSR loci were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 11. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.042 to 0.836, respectively.• Conclusions: These novel markers will be useful and convenient to study genetic mapping and molecular breeding in grasspea.
Development and characterization of 110 novel EST‐SSR markers for Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Lu Jiang‐Jie , Suo Na‐Na , Hu Xu , Wang Shang , Liu Jun‐Jun , Wang Hui‐Zhong 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed in Dendrobium officinale by screening a cDNA library. The loci were verified by sequencing and explored for polymorphism among 19 genotypes and transferability among 30 other distantly related Dendrobium species.• Methods and Results: One hundred ten EST‐SSRs were developed, and a set of 20 amplified two to six nucleotide repeats with a mean number of 2.5 alleles per locus and with an observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus ranging from 0.3463 to 0.9003 and 0.0997 to 0.6537 in 19 D. officinale genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, 92 of these markers have cross‐taxa transferability, ranging from 6.45% to 100% among 30 other distantly related Dendrobium species.• Conclusions: The developed markers have potential for application in germplasm appraisal, genetic diversity study, genetic mapping, and molecular breeding in D. officinale and other congeneric species.
Semiquantified Noncalcified Coronary Plaque in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: KIANI ADNAN N. , VOGEL-CLAUSSEN JENS , ARBAB-ZADEH ARMIN , MAGDER LAURENCE S. , LIMA JOAO , PETRI MICHELLE 
Published: October 2012

Objective.A major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. New technology (computed tomographic angiography) can measure noncalcified coronary plaque (NCP), which is more prone to rupture. We report on a study of semiquantified NCP in SLE.Methods.Patients with SLE (n = 147) with no history of cardiovascular disease underwent 64-slice coronary multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The MDCT scans were evaluated quantitatively by a radiologist, using dedicated software.Results.The group of 147 patients with SLE was 86% female, 70% white, 29% African American, and 3% other ethnicity. The mean age was 51 years. In our univariate analysis, the major traditional cardiovascular risk factors associated with noncalcified plaque were age (p = 0.007), obesity (p = 0.03; measured as body mass index), homocysteine (p = 0.05), and hypertension (p = 0.04). Anticardiolipin (p = 0.026; but not lupus anticoagulant) and anti-dsDNA (p = 0.03) were associated with higher noncalcified plaque. Prednisone and hydroxychloroquine therapy had no effect, but methotrexate (MTX) use was associated with higher noncalcified plaque (p = 0.0001). In the best multivariate model, age, current MTX use, and history of anti-dsDNA remained significant.Conclusion.Our results suggest that serologic SLE (anti-dsDNA) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to semiquantified noncalcified plaque in SLE. The association with MTX is not understood, but should be replicated in larger studies and in multiple centers.
New approach to directional filtering of near‐surface magnetic data
Authors: Cheyney S. , Hill I. , Linford N. , Fishwick S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTTopographical anomalies or compressed areas of soil caused by ploughing or more significant relic features such as ridge and furrow produce a response in near‐surface magnetic surveys that are usually identified by their repetitive, linear pattern. While they are accurate recordings of the subsurface magnetic properties and micro‐topographical features of the site, it is often the anomalies due to deeper features that are the primary focus of the survey. These target anomalies can be masked by the near‐surface pattern and it is therefore often preferable to remove these from the final presentation of the data.Two routines used for removing these features are common in commercial processing software. These are the directional pass/reject and cosine‐taper filters. While these filtering techniques can dramatically improve the clarity of the data image, it is shown here that they make significant changes to the data that remain. As interpretation of near‐surface magnetic data moves beyond image analysis towards more quantitative methods, it is important to ensure that the final processed data set represents as close as possible the response to the subsurface features of interest.Here an alternative filtering routine dependant on both the azimuth and power‐content of the anomalies is proposed that overcomes the problems encountered by the traditional techniques. It is shown that patterns of agricultural linear anomalies can be removed from the data without significantly changing the properties of the desired responses and therefore quantitative interpretation can be subsequently carried out without the data being significantly compromised by the choice of previous processing techniques.
Maintenance of Peripheral T Cell Responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Reiley William W. , Wittmer Susan T. , Ryan Lynn M. , Eaton Sheri M. , Haynes Laura , Winslow Gary M. , Woodland David L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Fully functional T cells are necessary for the maintenance of protective immunity during chronic infections. However, activated T cells often undergo apoptosis or exhaustion upon chronic stimulation mediated by Ag or inflammation. T cell attrition can be compensated for by the production of thymus-derived T cells, although the new naive T cells must undergo T cell priming and differentiation under conditions different from those encountered during acute infection. We used a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to address how the activation and differentiation of new thymic emigrants is affected by chronic inflammation, as well as whether the newly developed effector T cells help to maintain peripheral T cell responses. Although new thymic emigrants contributed to the peripheral T cell response early during acute M. tuberculosis infection, the relative contribution of new effector T cells to the peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cell pools declined during chronic infection. The decline in new T cell recruitment was a consequence of quantitative and/or qualitative changes in Ag presentation, because during chronic infection both the priming and expansion of naive T cells were inefficient. Thus, although thymic tolerance is not a major factor that limits protective T cell responses, the chronic environment does not efficiently support naive T cell priming and accumulation during M. tuberculosis infection. These studies support our previous findings that long-term protective T cell responses can be maintained indefinitely in the periphery, but also suggest that the perturbation of homeostasis during chronic inflammatory responses may elicit immune pathology mediated by new T cells.
Anaphylatoxin C5a Creates a Favorable Microenvironment for Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Corrales Leticia , Ajona Daniel , Rafail Stavros , Lasarte Juan J. , Riezu-Boj Jose I. , Lambris John D. , Rouzaut Ana , Pajares Maria J. , Montuenga Luis M. , Pio Ruben 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The complement system contributes to various immune and inflammatory diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the capacity of lung cancer cells to activate complement and characterized the consequences of complement activation on tumor progression. We focused our study on the production and role of the anaphylatoxin C5a, a potent immune mediator generated after complement activation. We first measured the capacity of lung cancer cell lines to deposit C5 and release C5a. C5 deposition, after incubation with normal human serum, was higher in lung cancer cell lines than in nonmalignant bronchial epithelial cells. Notably, lung malignant cells produced complement C5a even in the absence of serum. We also found a significant increase of C5a in plasma from patients with non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting that the local production of C5a is followed by its systemic diffusion. The contribution of C5a to lung cancer growth in vivo was evaluated in the Lewis lung cancer model. Syngeneic tumors of 3LL cells grew slower in mice treated with an antagonist of the C5a receptor. C5a did not modify 3LL cell proliferation in vitro but induced endothelial cell chemotaxis and blood-vessels formation. C5a also contributed to the immunosuppressive microenvironment required for tumor growth. In particular, blockade of C5a receptor significantly reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immunomodulators ARG1, CTLA-4, IL-6, IL-10, LAG3, and PDL1 (B7H1). In conclusion, lung cancer cells have the capacity to generate C5a, a molecule that creates a favorable tumor microenvironment for lung cancer progression.
Personal Consumption and Single Persons: A Reply to Thomas Ireland
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In a recent JFE article, I presented five empirical approaches to identify the personal consumption of earnings made by single persons. I stated that forensic economic estimates of earnings minus personal consumption are relevant to, but do not define, the awardable financial support damages to survivors or estates under the various wrongful death laws in the United States. In a comment on my article, Thomas Ireland has stated that the role of forensic economic evaluation is to only estimate how much financial support single decedents would actually have provided to statutory survivors—which he states is often zero. I present several arguments and facts to show that Ireland's criticisms and concerns are unsupportable.
Biomarketing strategy and tactics 101 PART III of III
Authors: Dogramatzis Dimitris 
Published: October 2012

The American Marketing Association defines marketing as the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. According to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America appropriate marketing of medicines ensures that patients have access to the products they need and that the products are used correctly for maximum patient benefit. The most important promotional tools for biopharmaceutical firms are 1) personal selling, 2) advertising, 3) public relations and publicity, and 4) web promotion. Part I of this three-part article focuses on the nature of the biopharmaceutical marketingâ€™s four Pâ€™s, the importance of marketing strategy, the conduct of environmental analysis,Â and maket segmentation. Part II delves into the processes of targeting and positioning, marketing planning, as well as biopharmaceutical branding. Part III completes the series by focusing on the push and pull promotional strategies, advertising, selling, and biopharmaceutical web and social marketing.
Risque et excellence d’une destination touristique : l’exploration de la relation entre deux concepts antinomiques
Authors: Gillet Christiane 
Published: October 2012

« Le désir de voyage n’est pas un acquis, mais quelque chose qui doit être reconstruit en permanence » (Viard, 2007). Comme l’ensemble des pratiques sociales, le secteur du tourisme est en effet touché par la modification rapide des modes de consommation. Ainsi aucune des grandes pratiques du tourisme ni aucun lieu n’est assuré, pour Boyer (2005 : 319), de conserver son aura, sa puissance d’attraction dans les décennies à venir. L’attractivité d’une destination peut être corrélée à une exigence de sécurité qui vise le risque zéro pour le consommateur. Pour explorer la relation entre les concepts de « risque » et d’« excellence d’une destination touristique », nous avons fait le choix d’analyser particulièrement les représentations des risques qu’ont les acteurs institutionnels du tourisme pour l’avenir touristique d’une destination régionale française. Une recherche qualitative auprès de 25 acteurs met en exergue la qualité de la gouvernance économique du secteur touristique comme risque et enjeu majeurs pour l’avenir du développement touristique du territoire de Bretagne.
Circulation et rencontre du patrimoine et du tourisme dans la médina de Fès
Authors: Istasse Manon 
Published: October 2012

Patrimoine mondial et tourisme font l’objet de nombreuses publications aussi bien de la part des acteurs du tourisme que de l’UNESCO ou des sciences sociales. Pourtant, ces études concluent le plus souvent à une difficulté d’investiguer la relation entre tourisme et patrimoine. La médina de Fès, classée au patrimoine mondial depuis 1981, fait l’objet de nombreux projets de restauration de son patrimoine et est en plein développement touristique depuis le début des années 2000. Je propose dans cet article d’investiguer différentes situations de rencontre entre tourisme et patrimoine, à savoir le logement touristique dans la vieille ville, les administrations en charge du développement touristique de la ville, et les bureaux UNESCO à Paris et Rabat : comment patrimoine mondial et tourisme s’y rencontrent-ils, sous quelles formes, et dans quelles situations ? La réponse à ces questions me permettra en conclusion d’ébaucher une approche du patrimoine mondial comme référent circulant entre diverses situations, en mobilisant les travaux menés dans le cadre d’une anthropologie pragmatique.
Médina de Sousse
Authors: Majdoub Wided 
Published: October 2012

La question de la gestion touristique des sites du patrimoine mondial est en soi complexe. Toutefois, quand le site classé est une médina, cette question devient problématique. Lieux particuliers qui cachent derrière leurs remparts une population pauvre et peu qualifiée, les médinas concentrent à elles seules toutes les problématiques liées au patrimoine et au développement. La lutte contre la pauvreté peut passer par une mise en tourisme et une approche territoriale combinant valorisation culturelle et tourisme durable. Culture, tourisme et développement sont évidemment interreliés. Comment alors inscrire la médina de Sousse dans un processus de gestion touristique durable ? Afin d’y répondre, nous avons étudié deux volets de cette mise en tourisme. L’auteure a voulu comprendre si l’inscription au patrimoine mondial est un label et, en tant que tel, s’il a un effet sur les motivations des touristes pour une destination perçue comme balnéaire malgré sa médina inscrite au patrimoine mondial. Parallèlement, cet article propose une étude des parties prenantes qui sont les marqueurs de la gouvernance et dont la coopération est gage de durabilité.
Le tourisme scientifique
Authors: Mao Pascal , Bourlon Fabien 
Published: October 2012

Cet article s’intéresse à la notion de tourisme scientifique. Il propose par une revue de littérature de distinguer quatre formes distinctes de pratiques et de produits touristiques mobilisant de différentes manières et à divers degrés la dimension scientifique. Il s’agit : 1) du tourisme d’exploration et d’aventure à dimension scientifique ; 2) du tourisme culturel proche de l’écotourisme ou du tourisme industriel ; 3) de l’écovolontariat scientifique ; et 4) du tourisme de recherche scientifique. Il discute ensuite les conditions d’émergence de la notion et de sa pertinence dans les dynamiques du tourisme contemporain. Le lien entre tourisme et sciences n’allant pas de soi pour de nombreux auteurs, cette contribution tend à rendre compte des débats et des points de vue parfois contradictoires.
Didactics of the use of ICT and traditional teaching aids in municipal higher education institutions.
Authors: Lombillo Rivero Ideleichy , López Padrón Alexander , Zumeta Izaguirre Ernesto 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Issues related to the use of teaching aids in Higher Education are currently going through constant revision and rethinking due to the rapid advancement of science and technology. Their uses have significantly changed after the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) within the educational field. One of the main tasks to be performed by didactics in Higher Education teaching today is precisely to deepen into rational and effective class-teaching means, understood in a broad sense: from traditional teaching aids to ICTs. This reality has materialized in the current blended learning model which characterizes the New Cuban University. Therefore, it was considered appropriate to characterize the present-day teaching practice, based on the use of teaching aids in Cuba’s university classrooms, as part of the second stage within the research project “Improvement of the universalization process in Municipal Higher Education Institutions in the Havana province. Generalization of results and development of contextualized innovative experiences.” The study was carried out at eleven ‘Physical Culture’ Municipal Higher Education Institutions (MHEIs) in two academic periods (2007–2009 and 2009–2011). A descriptive methodology consisting of observation, surveys and the “Osgood Semantic Differential” scale as main methods and techniques was applied. The results obtained showed that teachers make an occasional, nonsystematic and reluctant use of teaching aids during the teachinglearning process, especially when it comes to ICT-based teaching aids.
Assessment of primary school students’ decision-making related to tactical contexts
Authors: Gutiérrez David , García-López Luis Miguel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess and understand prior tactical knowledge and game performance as well as the relationship between the different components of game performance in invasion games. The participants (N = 22; girls: 13; boys: 9) were Physical Education students (ages: 11–12) with a low expertise in invasion games (they were selected among those with no other background in invasion games than PE lessons). Their game performance was videotaped, after which measures of motor execution and cognitive components were developed from observational analysis. Decision- making was measured on two levels: a) decision-making restricted to the performance of technical-tactical skills; and b) decision-making focused on adapting to the offensive tactical contexts of the game. Participants played an eight-minute-long 4-versus-4 generic invasion game. The latter was designed to meet both developmental needs and previous learning, so interference between motor execution ability and decision-making performance was minimized. The findings revealed that these students already had a basic concept of offensive and defensive game situations, both on-the-ball and off-the-ball. No significant differences were found between players’ performance in penetrating-the-defense contexts and in those where they kept ball possession. The findings additionally highlighted the existence of significant relationships between decision-making and skill execution in getting open, tackling, marking off-ball and double teaming. Other links between game performance components are discussed throughout the paper. The importance of assessing game performance taking into account tactical contexts is also supported (Gutiérrez, González, García-López, & Mitchell, 2011), as well as some of the GCA pedagogical principles, e.g. the use of modified games (Oslin & Mitchell, 2006).