bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meiosis error and subsequent genetic and epigenetic alterations invoke the malignant transformation of germ cell tumor
Authors: Ichikawa Mizuho , Arai Yasuhito , Haruta Masayuki , Furukawa Shinsuke , Ariga Tadashi , Kajii Tadashi , Kaneko Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGerm cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to arise from primordial germ cells (PGCs) that undergo epigenetic reprogramming. To explore the mechanisms of GCT formation, we analyzed single‐nucleotide polymorphism array comparative genomic hybridization patterns and the methylation status of 15 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of two imprinted genes, H19 and SNRPN, in 28 children with GCTs. Three GCTs with 25–26 segmental uniparental disomies (UPDs), heterozygous centromeric regions, and a highly methylated SNRPN DMR may have occurred through meiosis I error. Three other GCTs with whole UPD and homozygous centromeric regions of all chromosomes may have occurred through endoreduplication of a haploid set in an ovum or testis. The other 22 GCTs had heterozygous centromeric regions of all chromosomes and no or a small number of segmental or whole UPDs and may have developed from premeiotic PGCs before imprint erasure or a reestablishment of imprinting. Gain and amplification of 3p24‐p22 and 20q13‐q13, and loss and UPD of 1p36‐p35, 4q21‐q21, 5q11‐q13, and 6q26‐qter were found in five or more tumors. 1p36‐p35 loss was frequent, and found in 19 tumors; RUNX3 residing at 1p36 was methylated in the promoter regions of 16 tumors. Two yolk sac tumors with many segmental UPDs or whole UPD of all chromosomes had gain of 20q13‐q13 and loss of 1p36‐p35, and seven or eight methylated TSGs. These genetic and epigenetic alterations may have caused malignant transformation because they were rarely found in teratomas with segmental or whole UPDs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MED12 mutations occurring in benign and malignant mammalian smooth muscle tumors
Authors: Markowski Dominique Nadine , Huhle Sonja , Nimzyk Rolf , Stenman Göran , Löning Thomas , Bullerdiek Jörn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMutations of the mediator subcomplex 12 gene (MED12) recently have been described in a large group of uterine leiomyomas (UL) but only in a single malignant uterine smooth muscle tumor. To further address the occurrence of fibroid‐type MED12 mutations in smooth muscle tumors, we have analyzed samples from 34 leiomyosarcomas (LMS), 21 UL, two extrauterine leiomyomas (EL), and 10 canine genital leiomyomas for the presence of MED12 mutations of the UL‐type. Interestingly, besides UL MED12 mutations were found in one uterine LMS, one EL, and two canine vaginal leiomyomas. The results confirm the occurrence of fibroid‐type MED12 mutations in malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors thus suggesting a rare but existing leiomyoma‐LMS sequence. In addition, for the first time MED12 mutations are reported in smooth muscle tumors in a non‐primate mammalian species. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of 20 genes at chromosome band 12q13: RACGAP1 and MCRS1 overexpression in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Liang Yurong , Liu Minxia , Wang Pin , Ding Xiaojie , Cao Yi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChromosomal aberrations at 12q13 are frequent in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we examined mRNA expression of 20 genes within chromosome band 12q13 by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in NSCLC. Of the 20 genes, nine were upregulated, while two genes were downregulated. Among the nine upregulated genes, mRNA values of RACGAP1, MCRS1, EIF4B, WNT1, and PTGES3 were significantly higher in NSCLCs compared with normal lung tissues. Subsequently, overexpressions of RACGAP1 and MCRS1 were confirmed at the protein level in tissues and cultured cells of lung cancer by immunostaining and Western blot. RACGAP1 was labeled in the nucleus of tumor cells in 89% of the tumor specimens. In the cultured cells, RACGAP1 was present principally in the nucleus of nonmitotic cells, but showed a diffuse distribution in the cytoplasm of mitotic cells (metaphase) and at the contractile ring between two separating daughter cells (telophase). Furthermore, RACGAP1 downregulation by RNA interference caused cytokinesis defects, indicating that RACGAP1 is required for cytokinesis. MCRS1 was stained in all tumor specimens and strongly stained in 31% of cases. Interestingly, MCRS1 exhibits different localization in the mitotic cells of cultured immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and cultured lung cancer cells. In vitro, downregulation of MCRS1 in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. These findings indicate that RACGAP1 and MCRS1 may be cancer‐related genes in NSCLC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New recurrent balanced translocations in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: Cancer and leukemia group B 8461
Authors: Walker Alison , Mrózek Krzysztof , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Rao Kathleen W. , Pettenati Mark J. , Sterling Lisa J. , Marcucci Guido , Carroll Andrew J. , Bloomfield Clara D. ,   for the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Published: December 2012

AbstractAcquired chromosome abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are among the most valuable determinants of diagnosis and prognosis. In search of new recurrent balanced translocations, we reviewed the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) cytogenetics database containing pretreatment and relapse karyotypes of 4,701 adults with AML and 565 with MDS who were treated on CALGB trials. We identified all cases with balanced structural rearrangements occurring as a sole abnormality or in addition to one other abnormality, excluded abnormalities known to be recurrent, and then reviewed the literature to determine whether any of what we considered unique, previously unknown abnormalities had been reported. As a result, we identified seven new recurrent balanced translocations in AML or MDS: t(7;11)(q22;p15.5), t(10;11)(q23;p15), t(2;12)(p13;p13), t(12;17)(p13;q12), t(2;3)(p21;p21), t(5;21)(q31;q22), and t(8;14)(q24.1;q32.2), and additionally, t(10;12)(p11;q15), a new translocation in AML previously reported in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Herein, we report hematologic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with these newly recognized recurrent translocations. We also report 52 unique balanced translocations, together with the clinical data of patients harboring them, which to our knowledge have not been previously published. We hope that once the awareness of their existence is increased, some of these translocations may become recognized as novel recurring abnormalities. Identification of additional cases with both the new recurrent and the unique balanced translocations will enable determination of their prognostic significance and help to provide insights into the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in patients with these rare abnormalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geological and logistical challenges of the TBM drive of the Pinglu Tunnel in China / Geologische und logistische Herausforderungen beim TMB‐Vortrieb des Pinglu Tunnels in China
Authors: Müller Meik , Bargmann Paul 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe 25 km long Pinglu Tunnel is part of a large water supply project in the north west of the Chinese province of Shanxi. After a brief description of the overall project, the article describes the alignment, geology, lining and the TBM and machinery concept. A second‐hand hard rock double shield machine built in 1994 was supplied by the employer and had to be overhauled for the reject. During the progress of tunnelling, numerous mechanical, logistical and geological challenges had to be overcome.Der 25 km lange Pinglu‐Tunnel ist Teil eines großen Wasserversorgungsprojekts im Nordwesten der Provinz Shanxi/China. Nach einer kurzen Gesamtprojektübersicht beschreibt der Beitrag die Trassenführung, die Geologie, das Ausbaukonzept sowie das TBM‐ und Gerätekonzept. Zum Einsatz kam eine gebrauchte Hartgesteins Doppelschild Maschine aus dem Jahr 1994, die vom Auftraggeber bereitgestellt wurde und vom Auftragnehmer für das Projekt aufgearbeitet werden musste. Bei dem Tunnelvortrieb gab es zahlreiche maschinentechnische, logistische und geologische Herausforderungen zu meistern.
Incentives for project optimisation / Anreiz für Projektoptimierung
Authors: Purrer Walter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEfforts are being made in the construction industry at the moment to provide incentives for project partners to optimise construction projects with the intention of maximising the benefits for society. These efforts are concentrated on the development of contractual rules in order to bring the self‐interests of the project parties into line with the overriding interests of the construction project. But it is often overlooked that the implementation of a construction project is carried out through a social system. Important influential factors like self‐confidence, optimism, respect and trust as well as the orientation to common goals are often underestimated or even considered unalterable and thus neglected.In der Bauwirtschaft gibt es derzeit Bemühungen, den Projektbeteiligten Anreize für eine Optimierung des Bauprojekts im Sinne einer Maximierung des Nutzens für die Gesellschaft zu geben. Diese Bemühungen konzentrieren sich auf die Entwicklung vertraglicher Regeln, um die Eigeninteressen der Projektbeteiligten mit den übergeordneten Interessen des Bauprojekts in Einklang zu bringen. Oft wird dabei übersehen, dass die Realisierung eines Bauprojekts durch ein soziales System erfolgt. Wichtige Einflussfaktoren wie Selbstbewusstsein, Optimismus, Wertschätzung und Vertrauen sowie die Orientierung nach gemeinsamen Zielen werden dabei meist unterschätzt bzw. als unveränderbar erachtet und daher vernachlässigt.
Mechanisches Verhalten eines teilgesättigten Kaolinit‐Tons: Experimentelle Untersuchungen, Stoffmodell und Implementierung
Authors: Schwarz Viktoria , Vrettos Christos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDie vorliegende Veröffentlichung behandelt die Entwicklung eines elasto‐plastischen Stoffmodells für teilgesättigte bindige Böden. Abweichend von den aus der Literatur bekannten Stoffmodellen für teilgesättigte Böden sind Änderungen von Zustandsgrößen unmittelbar in den Modellparametern erfassbar und nicht mit der Saugspannung gekoppelt. Der Einfluss der Zustandsgrößen Anfangsporenzahl, ‐sättigungsgrad sowie Spannungsniveau auf das mechanische Verhalten eines mittel bis ausgeprägt plastischen Tons wird untersucht. Zur Ermittlung der relevanten Stoffparameter werden triaxiale deviatorische Kompressions‐ und Extensionsversuche in einem speziellen Triaxialgerät durchgeführt. Das aufgestellte Stoffmodell wird in das FEM‐Programmsystem Abaqus implementiert und damit das Verformungsverhalten einer Flachgründung bei Aufsättigung des Bodens untersucht.Mechanical behaviour of a partially saturated kaolinite‐clay: Experimental investigation, constitutive model, and implementation. The present publication deals with the development of an elasto‐plastic constitutive model for partially saturated cohesive soils. In contrast to the constitutive models available in the literature for unsaturated soils, changes in the state variables are explicitly included in the model parameters and uncoupled to the suction value. The influence of the state parameters initial void ratio, initial degree of saturation, and stress level on the mechanical behaviour of a common medium to high plasticity clay is investigated. The relevant constitutive parameters are determined from triaxial deviatoric compression and extension tests carried out in a custom‐built triaxial apparatus. The constitutive model is implemented in the FEM code Abaqus, and applied to investigate the deformation of a surface foundation during saturation due to irrigation.
Untersuchung der Interaktionsbeziehungen kombiniert belasteter Pfähle in bindigen und nichtbindigen Böden
Authors: Thieken Klaus , Achmus Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGründungspfähle können nicht nur zur Abtragung von vertikalen, sondern gleichzeitig auch von horizontalen Lasten in den Baugrund herangezogen werden. Eine derartige kombinierte Belastung führt allerdings zu Beeinflussungen im vertikalen und horizontalen Tragverhalten, welche in der derzeitigen Bemessungspraxis keine Berücksichtigung finden. Zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung dieser Interaktionseffekte wurden umfangreiche Untersuchungen mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode durchgeführt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen für Pfähle in nichtbindigen Böden unter dränierten und in bindigen Böden unter undränierten Belastungsbedingungen dargestellt. Dabei wird auch der Einfluss eines Biegemoments am Pfahlkopf oder einer Pfahlkopfeinspannung behandelt. Es ergeben sich komplexe Interaktionseffekte, welche mittels Interaktionsdiagrammen dargestellt werden können. Schwerpunktmäßig werden Interaktionseffekte hinsichtlich Pfahlkopfverformungen und Pfahlgrenzlasten betrachtet. Abschließend wird aber auch die Veränderung der Biegebeanspruchung des Pfahls durch Interaktionseffekte untersucht.Investigations on the interaction relationships for piles under combined loading in cohesive and non‐cohesive soils: Foundation piles are normally and favorably used for the transfer of vertical loads into the subsoil. However, in many fields of application piles are used simultaneously for the transfer of horizontal load. This so‐called combined loading affects the vertical and horizontal load bearing behavior. In current engineering practice, these interaction effects are not taken into account. For the identification and quantification of the influences a comprehensive investigation based on the Finite Element Method was carried out. The paper in hand presents results of these investigations considering piles in non‐cohesive soils regarding drained loading and piles in cohesive soils regarding undrained loading conditions. Thereby the influence of a moment and a rotational spring at the pile head is taken into account. It can be shown, that the combined loading leads to complex interaction effects which can be presented in terms of interaction diagrams. The main focus of the investigation is set on the interaction effects on ultimate loads and pile head displacements. Additionally the influence of combined loading on the pile bending moments is investigated.
Potential N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction
Authors: Demir Serpil , Zengin Rukiye , Özdemir İsmail 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA novel 1‐(cyclobutylmethyl)‐substi‐tuted imidazolidinium/benzimidazolium salts as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis techniques. These compounds were easily prepared from the reaction of N‐alkyl imidazoline/N‐alkyl benzimidazole with bromomethylcyclobutane in high yields. The in situ formed catalytic system derived from the NHC precursor and Pd(OAc)2 was used in the Heck reaction between aryl halides and styrene with potassium hydroxide in water. The corresponding Heck products were obtained in good yields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:77–83, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21065
WOULD YOU RATHER BE ILL NOW, OR LATER?
Authors: Attema Arthur E. , Versteegh Matthijs M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe time tradeoff (TTO) method is frequently used to calculate the quality adjustment of the quality adjusted life year and is therefore an important element in the calculation of the benefits of medical interventions. New specifications of TTO, known as ‘lead time’ TTO and ‘lag time’ TTO, have been developed to overcome methodological issues of the ‘classic’ TTO. In the lead time TTO, ill‐health is explicitly placed in the future, after a period of good health, whereas in lag time TTO, a health state starts immediately and is followed by a ‘lag time’ of good health. In this study, we take advantage of these timing properties of lead and lag time TTO. In particular, we use data from a previous study that employed lead and lag time TTO to estimate their implied discounting parameters. We show that individuals prefer being ill later, rather than now, with larger per‐period discount rates for longer durations of the health states. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Approach for the Formation of Oxides, Sulfides, and Oxide–Sulfide Hybrid Nanostructures
Authors: Diab Mahmud , Volokh Michael , Moshofsky Brian , Jen‐La Plante Ilan , Flomin Kobi , Chockler Elina , Mokari Taleb 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of various types of metal oxide and metal sulfide nanostructures through the thermal decomposition of single‐source molecular precursors is presented. By varying the reaction conditions, such as solvent, precursor concentration, temperature, and time, we were able to control the shape of Fe3O4 (rectangles and belt‐like structures), CoO nanofibers, and SnO2 nanowires. Two sulfides are also presented: CdS filling a vertically aligned ZnO nanowire array (to create a hybrid structure) and SnS wires. The formation of various phases of iron oxide and cobalt oxide is also shown.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Single Crystalline (Ga1‐xZnx)(N1‐xOx) Nanotubes
Authors: Hahn Christopher , Fardy Melissa A. , Nguyen Catherine , Natera‐Comte Michelle , Andrews Sean C. , Yang Peidong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecently, (Ga1‐xZnx)(N1‐xOx) has gained widespread attention as a comparatively high efficiency photocatalyst for visible‐light‐driven overall water splitting. Despite significant gains in efficiency over the past several years, a majority of the photogenerated carriers recombine within bulk powders. To improve the photocatalytic activity, we used an epitaxial casting method to synthesize single‐crystalline, high surface area (Ga1‐xZnx)(N1‐xOx) nanotubes with ZnO compositions up to x=0.10. Individual nanotubes showed improved homogeneity over powder samples due to a well defined epitaxial interface for ZnO diffusion into GaN. Absorption measurements showed that the ZnO incorporation shifts the absorption into the visible region with a tail out to 500 nm. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to compare the solar water splitting activity of (Ga1‐xZnx)(N1‐xOx) nanotubes (x=0.05–0.10) with similar composition powders. Cocatalyst decorated samples were dispersed in aqueous solutions of CH3OH and AgO2CCH3 to monitor the H+ reduction and H2O oxidation half reactions, respectively. The nanotubes were found to have approximately 1.5–2 times higher photocatalytic activity than similar composition powders for the rate limiting H+ reduction half reaction. These results demonstrate that improvements in homogeneity and surface area using the nanotube geometry can enhance the photocatalytic activity of GaN:ZnO for solar water splitting.
ANALYSING STRUCTURAL AND NON‐STRUCTURAL OPTIONS TO IMPROVE UTILITY OF IRRIGATION AREAS USING A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH
Authors: Tehrani Mahsa Vaez , Bagheri Ali , Monem Mohammad Javad , Khan Shahbaz 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTUsing the philosophy of system thinking, this paper conceptualizes the dynamics governing major structural and non‐structural measures for rehabilitation of irrigation networks aimed at improving the irrigation utilities. The dynamics of improvement of irrigation networks is studied, on the basis of indicators such as adequacy, efficiency, equity, flexibility and dependability. In the present paper, the application of system dynamics analysis is demonstrated by applying it to six irrigation areas in Iran to present irrigation causal loop diagrams. The results, specifically for the Qazvin irrigation network, have been documented based on the facts.For the Qazvin irrigation network, system utility not only improves through increase in investment planning, but through conjunctive water management, reducing social constraints, and control of crop patterns and the cultivated area. Reduction of social and legal constraints with change of structural and non‐structural measures to longer‐term sustainable measures is more effective than the other policies. As a conclusion it could be stated that the system dynamics approach can be successfully applied to integrated analysis of irrigation network policy options, as well as to identification of key factors leading to degradation of irrigation networks and how to make effective decisions to sustain system utility over time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miR-148a regulates osteoclastogenesis by targeting V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B
Authors: Cheng Peng , Chen Chao , He Hong-Bo , Hu Rong , Zhou Hou-De , Xie Hui , Zhu Wu , Dai Ru-Chun , Wu Xian-Ping , Liao Er-Yuan , Luo Xiang-Hang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in bone metabolism. In the present study, we found that miR-148a is dramatically upregulated during osteoclastic differentiation of circulating CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced by macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Overexpression of miR-148a in CD14+ PBMCs promoted osteoclastogenesis, whereas inhibition of miR-148a attenuated osteoclastogenesis. V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) is a transcription factor negatively regulating RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. miR-148a directly targeted MAFB mRNA by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) and repressed MAFB protein expression. In vivo, our study showed that silencing of miR-148a using a specific antagomir-inhibited bone resorption and increased bone mass in mice receiving ovariectomy (OVX) and in sham-operated control mice. Furthermore, our results showed that miR-148a levels significantly increased in CD14+ PBMCs from lupus patients and resulted in enhanced osteoclastogenesis, which contributed to the lower bone mineral density (BMD) in lupus patients compared with normal controls. Thus, our study provides a new insight into the roles of miRNAs in osteoclastogenesis, and contributes to a new therapeutic pathway for osteoporosis. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Single‐step lipase‐catalyzed functionalization of medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Gumel Ahmad M , Annuar Suffian M , Heidelberg Thorsten 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundFunctionalization of aliphatic biopolymers such as bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using biologically active hydrophilic moieties like sugars helps to improve the hydrophilicity and biodegradability of the biomaterial.ResultsThe effects of reaction variables reaction time, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio on reaction rate and yield in the synthesis of poly(1'‐O‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐sucrose) using Candida antarctica lipase B (EC 3.1.1.3) were studied. Using H2O2 as micro‐initiator, enzyme‐mediated synthesis yielded reaction rate, vapp of 0.076 x 10−5 mol L−1 s−1. The biodegradability of the functionalized polymer was observed to increase by 1.5 fold compared with the non‐functionalized material apart from showing better compostability. Increasing the reaction temperature (>50°C), enzyme concentration (>15 g L−1) and reactant ratio (w/w) of sucrose:PHA (>2) did not increase further the rate or yield. The sucrose‐functionalized mcl‐PHA was characterized with respect to the non‐functionalized material.ConclusionsNovozym® 435 can be used effectively to synthesize poly(1'‐O‐3‐hydroxyacyl sucrose) in micro‐aqueous medium bypassing the need for chemo‐synthetic steps. The synthesized biomaterials have potential applications in biomedical and industrial niches.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry