bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do engineering master’s students know what they don’t know?
Authors: Johnson Paula C , Simonsen Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study was to determine whether engineering master’s students at a medium-sized university use library-provided abstracting and indexing (A&I) services (e.g. Compendex), and if they do, to what extent, in what manner and for what purposes.Design/methodology/approach– A mixed methodology approach was used to explore electronic information-seeking patterns of engineering master’s students at New Mexico State University. Usage statistics, a focus group and a Web-based survey were used, the latter composed of 17 questions using a critical incident approach and direct questions to probe: reasons for and method of search, types of materials used (with relative frequencies), means of obtaining materials and evaluations of the usefulness of five library-provided A&I services.Findings– Only 15 per cent of respondents used a subscription A&I service such as Compendex when searching specific terms. The majority of sources used were located through known term searches, and master’s learned of these information resources through article citations or conversations with colleagues. Half the respondents reported using Google Scholar to find the last scholarly article they had read. Engineering master’s students – similar to practicing engineers – evaluate the costs associated with obtaining information, and may “satisfice”. Even so, students expressed interest in increasing their knowledge of skills and strategies to find worthwhile electronic information.Originality/value– This study sheds light on engineering master’s students’ use of A&I services, and examines their perceptions of five of these services commonly provided by academic libraries.
Use of different information and communication technologies in Indian academic libraries
Authors: Husain Shabahat , Nazim Mohammad 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present an exploration of the potential utilisation of different information and communication technologies (ICT) in Indian academic libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey method was used for the collection of data. A structured questionnaire, containing close-ended questions, was sent by postal mail to 30 librarians of the Central University Libraries in India, of which 15 questionnaires were returned.

Findings
– Academic libraries in India have mostly been involved in applying traditional ICT-based solutions for the management of various library functions and services, particularly for organising and retrieving information. Use of modern ICT-based tools of knowledge creation and sharing such as web discovery tools, blogs, wikis, Real Simple Syndication feeds, social networking and social bookmarking seems uncommon in academic libraries. Lack of trained staff in ICT, low level of ICT skills among library users, unawareness of potential benefits of ICT and inadequate ICT infrastructure were found as the major barriers of ICT applications in academic libraries.

Practical implications
– Academic libraries in India are still in the early stage of understanding the importance of modern ICTs. Librarians should renovate existing library environment and develop knowledge and skills among their staff in the fields of computer programming, website or portal development, hardware maintenance and metadata or e-resource management for providing quality information services to their users.

Originality/value
– Because no empirical study on the use ICT-based knowledge management (KM) tools in academic libraries in India has been carried out before, this study closes this gap and provides guidelines for practising librarians, policy makers, management and the University Grants Commission of India to promote the use of ICTs in libraries, and to design courses of information communication technology and related skills.
Webbs on the Web: libraries, digital humanities and collaboration
Authors: Fay Ed , Nyhan Julianne 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to make a contribution to the ongoing debates about the nature, value and potential of closer collaboration between digital humanities (DH) and the library sector by identifying and contextualising the types of new knowledge that were created through such a collaboration on the London School of Economics’s Webbs on the Web project.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative approach comprising a literature review, a case study of Webbs on the Web, a summary and analysis of the results of user testing and a critical analysis of the collaboration itself.Findings– A deeper understanding of the complementary skills of library professionals and DH researchers and how they may best be utilised in digital library development will lead,ceteris paribus, to richer and more fit-for-purpose digital scholarly resources. This is exemplified by Webbs on the Web, where the unique but complementary perspectives that such groups brought to user testing enhanced the usability of the resource for a wide range of audiences. Furthermore, the kinds of collaborations that characterised this project reflect broader changes in academic communities and digital library development, and a host of mutually beneficial outcomes can be pursued as a result of such changes.Originality/value– We demonstrate the benefits that can flow from breaking down boundaries and hierarchies between the academic library professional and DH researcher. We advance the current literature by providing concrete examples of practice; much of the current literature tends to be more abstract in nature.
Contract moderation effects on temporary agency workers’ affective organizational commitment and perceptions of support
Authors: Giunchi Marianna , Chambel Maria José , Ghislieri Chiara 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– Temporary agency workers (TAWs) have a double employment relationship: one with the agency that hires them with a formal contract, either temporary or permanent; and another with the client organization where they actually perform their work. As the social-exchange theory assumes that TAWs respond to the support they receive from both organizations with affective commitment toward the respective organization. The purpose of this paper is to propose that the type of contract with the agency moderates these relationships, specifically that permanent TAWs present a stronger relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and affective organizational commitment (AOC) toward the agency and, to the contrary, that temporary TAWs show a greater relationship between POS and AOC toward the client.Design/methodology/approach– The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 522 Portuguese TAWs, of which 265 were temporaries and 257 were permanents. Data were collected with a self-report questionnaire and analyzed with multigroup analysis using the AMOS program.Findings– The authors verified that POS from both the employment agency and the client organization were related to the TAWs’ affective commitment to each respective organization. Furthermore, the relationship between POS from the employment agency and the affective commitment to this organization was stronger in permanent than in temporary TAWs. However, contrary to the expectations, the contract with the agency did not moderate the relationship with client organizations: temporary and permanent TAWs showed a similar relationship between POS from this organization and their affective commitment toward it.Practical implications– These findings show the important organizational role of both the employment agency and the client in supporting their TAWs and attending to the type of contract they have with the employment agency.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the analysis of the TAWs’ double employment relationship and highlights the role of the agency contract in the explanation of these relationships.
Sustainable decision making for emerging educational technologies in libraries
Authors: Hayman Richard , Smith Erika E 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to discuss approaches to sustainable decision-making for integrating emerging educational technologies in library instruction while supporting evidence-based practice (EBP).Design/methodology/approach– This article highlights recent trends in emerging educational technologies and EBP and details a model for supporting evidence informed decision-making. This viewpoint article draws on an analysis of recent literature, as well as experience from professional practice.Findings– Authors discuss the need for sustainable decision-making that addresses a perceived lack of evidence surrounding emerging technologies, a dilemma that many library educators and practitioner-researchers will have faced in their own library instruction. To support the evidence-informed selection and integration of emerging educational technologies, a two-pronged model is presented, beginning with an articulation of pedagogical aims, alignment of technological affordances to these aims and support of this alignment via hard evidence available in the research literature, as well as soft evidence found in the environmental scan.Originality/value– This article provides an outline and synthesis of key issues of relevance to library practitioners working within a challenging and ever-changing landscape of technologies available for learning and instruction. The proposed approach aims to create a sustainable model for addressing problems of evidence and will benefit academic librarians considering emerging educational technologies in their own pedagogy, as well as those who support the pedagogy of others.
Susceptibility of Vibrio aestuarianus 01/032 to the antibacterial activity of Mytilus haemolymph: identification of a serum opsonin involved in mannose‐sensitive interactions
Authors: Pezzati Elisabetta , Canesi Laura , Damonte Gianluca , Salis Annalisa , Marsano Francesco , Grande Chiara , Vezzulli Luigi , Pruzzo Carla 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe interactions of Vibrio aestuarianus 01/032 with haemolymph of the bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas were investigated to understand if haemolymph components (haemocytes and soluble factors) could be involved in the higher resistance to microbial infection shown by mussels in comparison with oysters. Although 01/032 bacteria adhered to haemocytes of both bivalves, they were sensitive to the bactericidal activity of whole haemolymph from mussel, but not from oyster; in addition, adhesion to mussel (but not oyster) haemocytes was affected by D‐mannose. Mussel serum opsonins directed towards D‐mannose‐binding bacterial ligands were purified by affinity chromatography and were shown to mediate 01/032 interactions with M. galloprovincialis haemocytes. Nano‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) analysis showed that the purified opsonin matched the protein precursor of Mytilus edulis extrapallial protein (EP). In the presence of M. galloprovincialis EP protein (MgEP), C. gigas haemocytes killed V. aestuarianus 01/032 almost as efficiently as mussel phagocytes. These findings suggest that the different sensitivity of 01/032 strain to the antibacterial activity of oyster and mussel haemolymph might partly depend on the fact that C. gigas serum lacks MgEP‐like opsonins. These results represent the basis for understanding the different sensitivity to microbial infections shown by the two bivalve species.
Heavy water and 15N labelling with NanoSIMS analysis reveals growth rate‐dependent metabolic heterogeneity in chemostats
Authors: Kopf Sebastian H. , McGlynn Shawn E. , Green‐Saxena Abigail , Guan Yunbin , Newman Dianne K. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTo measure single‐cell microbial activity and substrate utilization patterns in environmental systems, we employ a new technique using stable isotope labelling of microbial populations with heavy water (a passive tracer) and 15N ammonium in combination with multi‐isotope imaging mass spectrometry. We demonstrate simultaneous NanoSIMS analysis of hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen at high spatial and mass resolution, and report calibration data linking single‐cell isotopic compositions to the corresponding bulk isotopic equivalents for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Our results show that heavy water is capable of quantifying in situ single‐cell microbial activities ranging from generational time scales of minutes to years, with only light isotopic incorporation (∼0.1 atom % 2H). Applying this approach to study the rates of fatty acid biosynthesis by single cells of S. aureus growing at different rates in chemostat culture (∼6 h, 1 day and 2 week generation times), we observe the greatest anabolic activity diversity in the slowest growing populations. By using heavy water to constrain cellular growth activity, we can further infer the relative contributions of ammonium versus amino acid assimilation to the cellular nitrogen pool. The approach described here can be applied to disentangle individual cell activities even in nutritionally complex environments.
Comparison of the Cryoprotective Effects of Trehalose, Alginate, and Its Oligosaccharides on Peeled Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) During Frozen Storage
Authors: Ma Lu‐kai , Zhang Bin , Deng Shang‐gui , Xie Chao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe cryoprotective effects of trehalose, alginate, and its oligosaccharides on peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during frozen storage was investigated by monitoring thawing loss, color, texture, myofibrillar protein content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and performing microscopic structural analysis. Data revealed significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effects on thawing loss and textural variables (springiness and chewiness) in trehalose‐, alginate oligosaccharides‐, and sodium pyrophosphate‐treated shrimp compared with the control and alginate‐treated batches. L* values revealed that these saccharides had a positive effect on color stability during frozen storage. In addition, the results of chemical analyses showed that trehalose and alginate oligosaccharide treatments effectively maintained an increased myofibrillar protein content and Ca2+‐ATPase activity in frozen shrimp. In addition, hematoxylin & eosin staining and SDS‐PAGE confirmed that these cryoprotective saccharides slowed the degradation of muscle proteins and the damage to muscle tissue structures. Overall, the application of trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides to peeled frozen shrimp might maintain better quality and extend the commercialization of these refrigerated products.
Kinetic Study of the Radical Scavenging of Capsaicin in Homogeneous Solutions and Aqueous Triton X‐100 Micellar Suspensions
Authors: Watanabe Atsushi , Seno Shin‐ichiro , Kogure Eiki , Seki Kensuke , Sakamoto Takeshi , Okada Youji , Shimazu Hideaki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA kinetic study of capsaicin (CAP) toward radicals has been performed using stopped‐flow spectrophotometry in detail. The second‐order rate constants (k2) for the reaction of CAP toward 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl have been measured in methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol/water (5:1, v/v), and aqueous micellar suspensions containing 5% Triton X‐100 (pH 4.0 to 10.0), respectively. The decay rates of DPPH and galvinoxyl for the reaction with CAP increased linearly in a concentration‐dependent manner in homogeneous solutions and aqueous micellar suspensions. However, the k2 for CAP obtained in an aqueous micellar suspension showed notable pH dependence; that is, the reactivity of CAP increased with an increasing pH value from 4 to 10. In addition, a good correlation between the k2 value and the molar fraction of CAP (phenolate anion (CAP‐O−)/undeprotonated form (CAP‐OH)) was observed. These properties are associated with the pKa of CAP. Furthermore, it was found that the CAP‐O− reacts with galvinoxyl about 6 times as fast as the CAP‐OH. These results indicate that sequential proton loss electron transfer from the phenolic hydrogen of CAP may be responsible for the scavenging of radicals in an aqueous micellar suspensions.
DNAbarcoding and minibarcoding as a powerful tool for feather mite studies
Authors: Doña Jorge , Diaz‐Real Javier , Mironov Sergey , Bazaga Pilar , Serrano David , Jovani Roger 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFeather mites (Astigmata: Analgoidea and Pterolichoidea) are among the most abundant and commonly occurring bird ectosymbionts. Basic questions on the ecology and evolution of feather mites remain unanswered because feather mite species identification is often only possible for adult males, and it is laborious even for specialized taxonomists, thus precluding large‐scale identifications. Here, we testedDNAbarcoding as a useful molecular tool to identify feather mites from passerine birds. Three hundred and sixty‐one specimens of 72 species of feather mites from 68 species of European passerine birds from Russia and Spain were barcoded. The accuracy of barcoding and minibarcoding was tested. Moreover, threshold choice (a controversial issue in barcoding studies) was also explored in a new way, by calculating through simulations the effect of sampling effort (in species number and species composition) on threshold calculations. We found one 200‐bp minibarcode region that showed the same accuracy as the full‐length barcode (602 bp) and was surrounded by conserved regions potentially useful for group‐specific degenerate primers. Species identification accuracy was perfect (100%) but decreased when singletons or species of theProctophyllodes pinnatusgroup were included. In fact, barcoding confirmed previous taxonomic issues within theP. pinnatusgroup. Following an integrative taxonomy approach, we compared our barcode study with previous taxonomic knowledge on feather mites, discovering three new putative cryptic species and validating three previous morphologically different (but still undescribed) new species.
DomeTree: a canonical toolkit for mitochondrial DNA analyses in domesticated animals
Authors: Peng Min‐Sheng , Fan Long , Shi Ni‐Ni , Ning Tiao , Yao Yong‐Gang , Murphy Robert W. , Wang Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Ya‐Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is widely used in various genetic studies of domesticated animals. Many applications require comprehensive knowledge about the phylogeny of mtDNA variants. Herein, we provide the most up‐to‐date mtDNA phylogeny (i.e. haplogroup tree or matrilineal genealogy) and a standardized hierarchical haplogroup nomenclature system for domesticated cattle, dogs, goats, horses, pigs, sheep, yaks and chickens. These high‐resolution mtDNA haplogroup trees based on 1240 complete or near‐complete mtDNA genome sequences are available in open resource DomeTree (http://www.dometree.org). In addition, we offer the software MitoToolPy (http://www.mitotool.org/mp.html) to facilitate the mtDNA data analyses. We will continuously and regularly update DomeTree and MitoToolPy.
A phenological scale for the development of Gladiolus
Authors: Schwab N.T. , Streck N.A. , Becker C.C. , Langner J.A. , Uhlmann L.O. , Ribeiro B.S.M.R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA staging system for development of gladiola (Gladiolus × grandiflorus) that relies on simple, visual, non‐destructive criteria is proposed. Four field trials were conducted during the spring 2010, autumn/winter 2011 and winter 2011 at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with different gladiola cultivars, in order to observe the developmental stages of the above‐ground parts and their dry matter. The developmental cycle, which starts at dormant corm and ends with plant senescence, is divided into four developmental phases: dormancy phase, sprouting phase (from filiform roots appearance to sheaths appearance), vegetative phase (from emergence of the first leaf tip to emergence of the final leaf tip on the stem) and reproductive phase (from heading to plant senescence). The developmental stages that were identified during the dormancy phase and during the sprouting phases are coded as S stages: S0 = dormant corm, S1 = appearance of roots, S2.1 = first sheath, S2.2 = second sheath and S2.3 = third sheath. Vegetative phase is coded as V stages: VE = emergence of the sheaths above ground, V1 = first leaf, V2 = second leaf, Vn = nth leaf and VF = flag leaf. Leaf tip is the marker for V1–VF. The developmental stages during the reproductive phases are coded as R stages: R1 = heading, R2 = blooming, R3 = onset of flowering, R4 = end of anthesis, R5 = end of florets senescence and R6 = plant senescence (leaves and floret axis are brown). Sub‐stages have also been assigned between R1 and R2 and between R3 and R4. Illustrations (photographs) of each developmental stage taken from field pot‐grown plants are provided and the proposed scale was tested with field observations. These criteria are straight forward and allow for quick determination of development stage. This system can be used by both farmers and for experimental trials.
Rapid detection and discrimination of fabaviruses by flow‐through hybridisation with genus‐ and species‐specific riboprobes
Authors: Ferriol I. , Rangel E. A. , Panno S. , Davino S. , Han C.G. , Olmos A. , Rubio L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractViruses cause significant damage in agricultural crops worldwide. Disease management requires sensitive and specific tools for virus detection and identification. Also, detection techniques need to be rapid to keep pace with the continuous emergence of new viral diseases. The genus Fabavirus is composed of five viruses infecting many economically important crops worldwide. This research describes the development of a procedure based on flow‐through hybridisation (FTH), which is faster than and as sensitive as conventional hybridisation for virus detection in tissue‐prints from infected plants. Six digoxigenin‐labelled RNA probes were synthesised with two levels of specificity: (a) five specific for each viral species within this genus, and (b) a genus‐specific probe that hybridises with a nucleotide sequence signature only found in the 5′‐untranslated region of the genus Fabavirus, which is the first of this type reported for plant viruses. The new procedure developed is useful for rapid detection and discrimination of the five fabaviruses identified so far and opens the possibility of discovering new species of this genus.
Successful use of the Cryolock device for cryopreservation of scarce human ejaculate and testicular spermatozoa
Authors: Stein A. , Shufaro Y. , Hadar S. , Fisch B. , Pinkas H. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe existing methods for cryopreservation of very low count sperm samples are complex and sub‐optimal for individual spermatozoa. Our purpose is to establish an effective simple method for cryoprotecting individual spermatozoa. Samples from patients withOTAwere mixed withTYBorHEPES‐buffered salt solution with glycerol + glucose and placed on a Cryolock that was plunged directly into liquid nitrogen or exposed to its vapors. Thawing was performed by direct immersion into a drop of warmed medium. The favorable method was tested on diluted samples (10–50 cells) and leftoverTESEspecimens from patients with azoospermia. Cryopreservation was considered successful if >30 spermatozoa, (>3 motile), or >5 spermatozoa (>1 motile) in diluted andTESEsamples, were detected post‐thawing. A significantly higher survival rate of seminal spermatozoa was obtained when using the Cryolock withTYBand freezing with liquid nitrogen vapor, compared toHEPESglycerol‐glucose (95 vs. 35% respectively). Plunging the Cryolock into liquid nitrogen was detrimental. Cryolock combined withTYBcryoprotection and liquid nitrogen vapor freezing was highly effective for cryopreservation of individual spermatozoa in diluted andTESEsamples. The Cryolock may serve for freezing very low‐count sperm samples and individual spermatozoa. This method offers simplicity, efficacy, use of available materials, without requiring micromanipulation equipment or skills.