bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of an inclusive French immersion program and preschoolers' executive functioning skills
Authors: Regalla Michele , Peker Hilal , Macy Marisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis exploratory study examines the relationship between executive functioning (EF) skills and the development of first (L1) and second language (L2) skills of preschool students. The participants of this study are enrolled in a French immersion program offered at an inclusion school combining students with disabilities (special needs) and those without (typically developing). All students were assessed for L1, L2, and EF skills. The findings of this study indicate L1 and L2 development in both receptive and expressive skills. Furthermore, EF skills served as a predictor of L2 expressive and receptive language skills. The findings of this study align with prior research showing a relationship between language skills and EF while also providing support for the inclusion of special needs students in immersion programs. Implications of findings suggest additional research is needed on the role of EF skills in L2 development and revisiting requirements for entry into language programs.
Biomass yields, reproductive fertility, compositional analysis, and genetic diversity of newly developed triploid giant miscanthus hybrids
Authors: Touchell Darren H. , Lynch Nathan , Shekasteband Reza , Dickey Allison N. , Chinn Mari C. , Whitfield Matthew , Ranney Thomas G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMiscanthus ×giganteus (giant miscanthus), first found as a naturally occurring hybrid, has shown promise as a bioenergy/biomass crop throughout much of the temperate world. This allotriploid (2n = 3x = 57) hybrid resulted from a cross between tetraploid Miscanthus sacchariflorus (2n = 4x = 76) and diploid Miscanthus sinensis (2n = 2x = 38) and is particularly desirable due to its low fertility that minimizes reseeding and potential invasiveness. However, there is limited genetic diversity in commonly grown cultivars of triploid M. ×giganteus and breeding and development efforts to improve and domesticate this crop have been minimal. Here, we report on newly developed M. ×giganteus hybrids compared with the industry standard M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Dry biomass yields of new hybrids ranged from 19.5 to 32.4 Mg/ha/year for the fourth growing season, compared with 21.0 Mg/ha/year for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Plant reproductive fertility remained low for all accessions with overall fertility [(seed set × seed germination)/100] ranging from 0.3% to 4.5% for new hybrids compared to 0.4% for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Culm density and height varied among accessions and were positively correlated with increased biomass. Based on compositional analyses, theoretical ethanol yields ranged from 9, 740 to 16,278 L/ha/year for new hybrids compared to 10,406 L/ha/year for M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780'. Relative feed value indices were low overall and ranged between 66.0 and 72.8 for new hybrids compared to M. ×giganteus '1993‐1780' with 71.3. The genetic diversity of new hybrids, compared with existing cultivars, was characterized using whole genome sequences. Based on pair‐wise distances, cluster analysis clearly showed increased diversity of new hybrids compared with earlier selections. These results document new triploid hybrids of M. ×giganteus with enhanced biomass and theoretical ethanol yields in combination with broader genetic diversity and lowreproductive fertility.
Application of cultured epidermal autograft, JACE®, improves survival rate in extensive burns: A propensity score matching study using Tokyo registry data
Authors: Matsumura Hajime , Shimada Kazuki , Komiya Takako 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCultured epidermal autograft, JACE®, was introduced into the Japanese national health insurance system in 2009 and has been used in more than 1000 cases of extensive burns. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of JACE® contributes to survival rate in extensive burns. In this study, 119 cases were selected from 3990 cases in Tokyo Burn Unit Association registry data from 2009 to 2023, excluding cases with less than 40% total body surface area, cases of deaths within 4 weeks and cases with unknown length of hospital stay. In total, 25 patients treated with JACE® were selected and matched with another 25 patients who did not receive JACE® using propensity score matching. The results showed that patients treated with JACE® had a significantly higher survival rate than did those who were not treated with JACE® at all time points between 6 and 9 weeks post‐injury. In addition, there was no significant difference in length of hospital stay between the groups. These results suggest that the use of JACE® in patients with extensive burns contributes to patient survival and does not prolong hospital stay.
Temperature and body size affect movement of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) at nearshore nurseries
Authors: Nickel Anja K. , Campana Steven E. , Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg Ásta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeasonal migrations of marine fish between shallow summer feeding habitats and deep overwintering grounds are driven by fluctuations in the biotic and abiotic environment as well as by changes in the internal state. Ontogenetic shifts in physiology and metabolism affect the response to environmental drivers and may lead to changes in migration timing and propensity. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature and body size on migration timing and depth distribution in acoustically tagged Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and saithe, Pollachius virens, during the period of seasonal migration from shallow summer habitats. The results from our study revealed a wide range of horizontal and vertical distribution of age 1 and 2 G. morhua within the fjord. Larger G. morhua inhabited deeper, cooler waters than smaller juveniles, likely reflecting size‐dependent thermal preferences and predation pressure. Conversely, juvenile P. virens occupied primarily shallow waters close to land. The variation in depth distribution of G. morhua was mainly explained by body size and not, against our predictions, by water temperature. Conversely, the dispersal from the in‐fjord habitats occurred when water temperatures were high, suggesting that seasonal temperature fluctuations can trigger the migration timing of P. virens and larger G. morhua from summer habitats. Partial migration of small juvenile G. morhua from in‐fjord foraging grounds, likely influenced by individual body condition, suggested seasonal migration as a flexible strategy that individuals may use to reduce predation and energetic expenditure. Predation mortality rates of tagged juveniles were higher than previously suggested and are the first robust predation mortality rates for juvenile G. morhua and P. virens estimated based on acoustic transmitters with acidity sensors. The results have relevance for climate‐informed marine spatial planning as under the scenario of increasing ocean temperatures, increasing summer temperatures may reduce the juveniles' resource utilization in the shallow summer nurseries, resulting in lower growth rates, increased predation pressure, and lower chances of juvenile winter survival.
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Sayed Hazem , Jayaprakasan Kanna 
Published: June 2024

Key content:
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome involving ovarian follicle depletion and defined by loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age.
The diagnostic workup in women with suspected POI is in two steps: confirming the diagnosis and establishing its cause; it is important to understand the rationale for performing each diagnostic test, how to interpret results and appropriate multidisciplinary team involvement.
Treatment options include various regimens and preparations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), monitoring and surveillance, induction of puberty in those with very early POI, complimentary treatment and fertility treatment.
Management of POI requires a comprehensive and personalised strategy that addresses not only the physical symptoms and disease risks, but also the psychosocial and reproductive health aspects, and it is important that women receive adequate counselling.
Learning objectives:
To raise awareness of early diagnosis of POI.
To be able to discuss the implications of POI for the health of women affected and their families, as well as for different hormonal and non‐hormonal treatment options.
To understand various fertility treatment options for POI.
Ethical issues:
It is important to consider the reproductive and diagnostic implications for women with chromosomal or genetic problems (e.g. Turner syndrome, Fragile X mutation carriers) and for their family members.
A diagnosis of POI may have differing implications based on social and cultural factors, and healthcare providers should consider a patient's values, beliefs, cultural background and preferences.
The delayed impact of containers on U.S. international trade growth
Authors: Bridgman Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractContainers are commonly thought to be important for international trade but the evidence is thin. I argue that containers were important to U.S. trade expansion but not when they were first adopted. Using previously unused data, I show that U.S. aggregate freight factors did not fall when containers were first adopted. It took a decade before containerised freight rates fell. Falling freight rates matter for trade growth, accounting for 36 percent of the increase in U.S. import share of output from 1972 to 1987 when the impact of containers began to be felt. Institutional factors in port industry delayed containers' significant labour cost savings. Compensation deals to longshoremen kept labour costs up despite rapidly increasing labour productivity in ports.
Computing the Hosoya Index of Some Nanostar Dendrimers
Authors: Movahedi Fateme , Akhbari Mohamad Hadi , Hasni Roslan 
Published: June 2024

Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules built up from a monomer, with new branches added in steps until a tree structure is created. The various biological characteristics of dendrimers are a good choice in chemistry, biology, the medical field, and nano-science. A topological index is a type of molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical structure. The Hosoya index is a well-known topological index that is used to predict some of their physico-chemical properties from the structure of molecules. The Hosoya index of a graph is defined as the total number of its independent edge sets. In this paper, we study the Hosoya index of some families of nanostar dendrimers. We obtain the formulas of the Hosoya index for two infinite classes of dendrimers, namely, nanostar dendrimer and tetrathiafulvalene dendrimer. We use the Mathematica program to evaluate the results and accuracy of calculations. Our results can be used in analyzing the molecular topology of these families of nanostar dendrimers.
A potential space-making role in cell wall biogenesis for SltB1and DacB revealed by a beta-lactamase induction phenotype in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gyger Joël , Torrens Gabriel , Cava Felipe , Bernhardt Thomas G. , Fumeaux Coralie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
encodes the beta-lactamase AmpC, which promotes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Expression of
ampC
is induced by anhydro-muropeptides (AMPs) released from the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall upon beta-lactam treatment. AmpC can also be induced via genetic inactivation of PG biogenesis factors such as the endopeptidase DacB that cleaves PG crosslinks. Mutants in
dacB
occur in beta-lactam-resistant clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa
, but it has remained unclear why DacB inactivation promotes
ampC
induction. Similarly, the inactivation of lytic transglycosylase (LT) enzymes such as SltB1 that cut PG glycans has also been associated with
ampC
induction and beta-lactam resistance. Given that LT enzymes are capable of producing AMP products that serve as
ampC
inducers, this latter observation has been especially difficult to explain. Here, we show that
ampC
induction in
sltB1
or
dacB
mutants requires another LT enzyme called MltG. In
Escherichia coli
, MltG has been implicated in the degradation of nascent PG strands produced upon beta-lactam treatment. Accordingly, in
P. aeruginosa sltB1
and
dacB
mutants, we detected the MltG-dependent production of pentapeptide-containing AMP products that are signatures of nascent PG degradation. Our results therefore support a model in which SltB1 and DacB use their PG-cleaving activity to open space in the PG matrix for the insertion of new material. Thus, their inactivation mimics low-level beta-lactam treatment by reducing the efficiency of new PG insertion into the wall, causing the degradation of some nascent PG material by MltG to produce the
ampC
-inducing signal.

IMPORTANCE

Inducible beta-lactamases like the ampC system of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
are a common determinant of beta-lactam resistance among gram-negative bacteria. The regulation of
ampC
is elegantly tuned to detect defects in cell wall synthesis caused by beta-lactam drugs. Studies of mutations causing
ampC
induction in the absence of drug therefore promise to reveal new insights into the process of cell wall biogenesis in addition to aiding our understanding of how resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics arises in the clinic. In this study, the
ampC
induction phenotype for mutants lacking a glycan-cleaving enzyme or an enzyme that cuts cell wall crosslinks was used to uncover a potential role for these enzymes in making space in the wall matrix for the insertion of new material during cell growth.
The Synergistic Trio of Metabolic Master Regulators Sustaining a Vicious Circle of Pathological Processes in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Kondashevskaya M. V. , Artemyeva K. A. , Mikhaleva L. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive response
to the exposure of an extraordinary-intensity stressor. The animal
and human body responds to any external challenges at the systemic, organismal
and cellular levels. In stress-sensitive individuals, the collaboration
of stress-implementing and stress-limiting systems is compromised,
causing the transformation of behavior, cognitive abilities and
other functions of the central nervous system. It is commonly accepted
now that changes in the abundance and repertoire of the intestinal
microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of PTSD. In
this regard, the methods of improving the microflora are high on
the agenda. Analyzing the literature data, we came to the conclusion
that metabolic, somatic and mental health largely depends on the
coordinated functioning of the key interdependent metabolic components:
hepatobiliary system, intestinal microbiota and, as we believe,
the state of mast cells. Close scrutiny of the interplay of these components
will help identify new therapeutic targets and the most effective
methods to treat PTSD.
Acceptability, use and safety of the BlueIce self-harm prevention app: qualitative findings from the Beating Adolescent Self-Harm (BASH) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stallard Paul , Whittle Kathryn , Moore Emma , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Morrish Nia , Rhodes Shelley , Taylor Gordon , Cliffe Bethany 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLittle is known about the social validity of self-harm prevention apps for young adolescents with severe mental health problems who repeatedly self-harm.ObjectiveWe assessed the acceptability, use and safety of BlueIce, a self-harm prevention app for young adolescents who self-harm.MethodsMixed methods study involving a content analysis of postuse interviews. Participants were a clinical group of 60 UK adolescents aged 12–17 with repeated self-harm, randomised to receive BlueIce.FindingsBlueIce was used by 57/60 (95%) respondents with 47/57 (82%) using BlueIce when thinking about self-harm. 17/47 (36%) who were thinking about self-harm used it on more than six occasions with 36/47 (77%) reporting that BlueIce prevented at least one episode of self-harm. 33/47 (70%) reported occasions when they used the app but still went on to self-harm. Reasons why the app was not used or not helpful included feeling too distressed, a negative mindset, prior decision to self-harm or forgetting. BlueIce was rated 4.09 (SD=0.75) out of 5 stars, with high mean ratings out of 10 for ease of use (8.70, SD=1.37) and good for acceptability (7.68, SD=2.05) and helpfulness (6.77, SD=1.72). No respondent identified BlueIce as triggering any episode of self-harm.ConclusionThese findings are consistent with previous evaluations and highlight the acceptability, use and safety of BlueIce. Self-reports indicate that BlueIce prevented some episodes of self-harm.Clinical implicationsOur results highlight the acceptability of the BlueIce self-harm app for young adolescents who repeatedly self-harm.
Person-centred care intervention to promote self-efficacy in patients following a myocardial infarction (P2MIR): a protocol of a qualitative study for cultural adaptation within a Portuguese healthcare context
Authors: Silva Cláudia , Carlsson Lalloo Ewa , Ventura Filipa , Henriques Maria Adriana 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Recovery from myocardial infarction is challenging as the causes of symptoms span multiple aspects of health not just physical conditions. Evidence has shown a gap between the waycare is provided in the clinical setting and the person’s needs and preferences. The implementation of person-centred care (PCC) interventions can promote recovery from myocardial infarction by allowing a greater understanding of the person’s perception and its role on the overall recovering process. This study aims to culturally adapt an evidence-based PCC intervention to enhance self-efficacy in patients after myocardial infarction within a Portuguese healthcare context.Methods and analysisThe Portuguese person-centred care for myocardial infarction recovery (P2MIR) intervention is set to be developed from an evidence-based intervention, rooted in the ethics of PCC. An intervention of PCC for patients with acute coronary syndrome, which has been successfully implemented and evaluated in the Swedish healthcare context will be validated, culturally adapted and harmonised to the Portuguese healthcare context by using qualitative methods. To evaluate its acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility, a sample of stakeholders, consisting of a sample of healthcare professionals and a sample of people who suffered a myocardial infarction, will be recruited from a hospital, including both inpatient and outpatient departments. The stakeholders will be invited to semistructured focus group discussions, aiming to gather their perceptions about the P2MIR intervention, which will be previously presented to them. Data analysis will be conducted using content analysis following a deductive-inductive approach to further inform the intervention adaptation process to its final intervention in a Portuguese healthcare context.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been reviewed and approved by the Health Ethics’ Committees of the Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal (registry number 20170700050). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.
Digital cognitive–behavioural therapy application compared with zolpidem for the treatment of insomnia: protocol for an exploratory randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shimizu Eiji , Sato Daisuke , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Ebisu Haruna , Kagayama Yuki , Hanaoka Hideki 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionInsomnia is a common health problem and cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended as a treatment. As there is a critical shortage of CBT-trained therapists, we developed a digital CBT application (IIIP MED: Sleepy Med) as Software as a Medical Device for insomnia. This paper describes the study protocol for an exploratory randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate effectiveness and safety of our developed digital CBT (dCBT) for 5 weeks compared with zolpidem tartrate for patients with insomnia disorder.Methods and analysisThis proposed multicentre exploratory RCT will be conducted at the outpatient clinic of Chiba University Hospital, Akita University Hospital and Yoyogi Sleep Disorder Center, Japan. The study population comprises two parallel groups (dCBT and zolpidem) consisting of 15 participants each (n=30 in total) diagnosed with insomnia disorder who remain symptomatic at 4 weeks after sleep hygiene education. We will evaluate the effectiveness at baseline, week 5 (post-intervention) and week 10 (follow-up). The primary outcome will be the change of subjective sleep onset latency at week 5 from baseline. Secondary outcomes include sleep-related outcomes, such as objective sleep onset latency measured by mobile electroencephalography, functional improvement during the daytime and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Chiba University Hospital (K2023001). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Results will be published in international journals.Trial registration numberjRCT2032230353.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure: protocol for a multicentre random double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yanhu , Li Mengyao , Yang Tao , Xie Yunbo , Wang Fu-Sheng , Hu Jinhua , Shi Ming 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a prevalent and life-threatening liver disease with high short-term mortality. Although recent clinical trials on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for ACLF treatment have shown promising results, multicentre randomised controlled phase II clinical trials remain uncommon. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of different MSCs treatment courses for ACLF.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, double-blind, two-stage, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trial. In the first stage, 150 patients with ACLF will be enrolled and randomly assigned to either a control group (50 cases) or an MSCs treatment group (100 cases). They will receive either a placebo or umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) treatment three times (at weeks 0, 1 and 2). In the second stage, 28 days after the first UC-MSCs infusion, surviving patients in the MSCs treatment group will be further randomly divided into MSCs-short and MSCs-prolonged groups at a 1:1 ratio. They will receive two additional rounds of placebo or UC-MSCs treatment at weeks 4 and 5. The primary endpoints are the transplant-free survival rate and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events. Secondary endpoints include international normalised ratio, total bilirubin, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, model for end-stage liver disease score and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval of this study has been obtained from the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (KY-2023-3-19-1). All results of the study will be submitted to international journals and international conferences for publication on completion of the study.Trial registration numberNCT05985863.