bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the immunoproteasome ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Basler Michael , Mundt Sarah , Muchamuel Tony , Moll Carlo , Jiang Jing , Groettrup Marcus , Kirk Christopher J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating immune mediated disease of the central nervous system. The immunoproteasome is a distinct class of proteasomes found predominantly in monocytes and lymphocytes. Recently, we demonstrated a novel function of immunoproteasomes in cytokine production and T cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of an inhibitor of the immunoproteasome (ONX 0914) in two different mouse models of MS. ONX 0914 attenuated disease progression after active and passive induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), both in MOG35–55 and PLP139–151‐induced EAE. Isolation of lymphocytes from the brain or spinal cord revealed a strong reduction of cytokine‐producing CD4+ cells in ONX 0914 treated mice. Additionally, ONX 0914 treatment prevented disease exacerbation in a relapsing‐remitting model. An analysis of draining lymph nodes after induction of EAE revealed that the differentiation to Th17 or Th1 cells was strongly impaired in ONX 0914 treated mice. These results implicate the immunoproteasome in the development of EAE and suggest that immunoproteasome inhibitors are promising drugs for the treatment of MS.
Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design
Authors: Borcherdt Roger D. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYProposals are developed to update Tables 11.4‐1 and 11.4‐2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published as American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute standard 7‐10 (ASCE/SEI 7–10). The updates are mean next generation attenuation (NGA) site coefficients inferred directly from the four NGA ground motion prediction equations used to derive the maximum considered earthquake response maps adopted in ASCE/SEI 7–10. Proposals include the recommendation to use straight‐line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of (average shear velocity to 30‐m depth). The NGA coefficients are shown to agree well with adopted site coefficients at low levels of input motion (0.1 g) and those observed from the Loma Prieta earthquake. For higher levels of input motion, the majority of the adopted values are within the 95% epistemic‐uncertainty limits implied by the NGA estimates with the exceptions being the mid‐period site coefficient, Fv, for site class D and the short‐period coefficient, Fa, for site class C, both of which are slightly less than the corresponding 95% limit. The NGA data base shows that the median value of 913 m/s for site class B is more typical than 760 m/s as a value to characterize firm to hard rock sites as the uniform ground condition for future maximum considered earthquake response ground motion estimates. Future updates of NGA ground motion prediction equations can be incorporated easily into future adjustments of adopted site coefficients using procedures presented herein. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
EVALUATION OF SURGE AND CUTBACK FLOW FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) PRODUCTION
Authors: Gudissa Hailu Debele , Edossa Desalegn Chemeda 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this field experiment was to evaluate surge, cutback and conventional flow furrow irrigation systems in terms of hydraulic, technical and agronomic performance measures for pepper production in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of two surges (SR1 = 1/3 cycle ratio and SR2 = 1/2 cycle ratio), one cutback (CB) and one conventional (C) flow furrow irrigation systems. The advance time ratios (ATR) recorded under the two surge treatments ranged from 0.57 to 0.70. Maximum application efficiency of 61.8%, storage efficiency of 95.1% and uniformity coefficient of 77.3% were recorded under SR1, whereas the lowest corresponding values of 52.8, 81.2 and 56.1% were recorded under C. Maximum deep percolation (23.6%) and tailwater (27.7%) losses were recorded from CB and C treatments, respectively, whereas SR1 and SR2, respectively, gave minimum deep percolation (14.3%) and tailwater (20.5%) losses. In terms of all agronomic performance measures, it was found that SR2 performed well, followed by SR1. However, the C treatment gave minimum yield (6450 kg ha−1), crop water productivity (17.5 kg ha−1 mm−1) and irrigation water productivity (11.3 kg ha−1 mm−1). From the findings of this study, it was concluded that surge and cutback flow furrow irrigation systems are promising technologies for pepper production in areas with minimal water use. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Norisoboldine attenuates inflammatory pain via the adenosine A1 receptor
Authors: Gao X. , Lu Q. , Chou G. , Wang Z. , Pan R. , Xia Y. , Hu H. , Dai Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundNorisoboldine (NOR) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Radix Linderae, a traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous studies have demonstrated that it produces anti‐inflammatory and anti‐rheumatoid arthritis effects.MethodsThe present study was undertaken to explore the analgesic effects of NOR and its potential mechanism in the formalin test and the acetic acid writhing test.ResultsOral administration of NOR dose dependently attenuated the formalin‐induced pain responses in the second phase, and reduced formalin‐induced paw oedema. It also diminished acetic acid‐induced writhing responses but had no effect on acute thermal pain in the hotplate test. The mechanistic studies suggested that the adenosine system, but not the opioid receptor system, is involved in NOR‐induced antinociception. Naloxone, a non‐selective opioid receptor antagonist, had no effect on NOR‐induced analgesic action. However, caffeine (a non‐selective adenosine receptor antagonist) completely reversed the analgesic effect of NOR in formalin‐induced nociceptive responses in the second phase, and 8‐cyclopentyl‐1, 3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist) completely inhibited NOR‐induced analgesia in both formalin‐induced nociceptive responses and acetic acid‐induced writhing responses. In addition, NOR reduced formalin‐induced activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II in the spinal cord, which is also blocked by DPCPX. Furthermore, NOR decreased forskolin‐evoked cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in mouse spinal cord neuronal cultures through the adenosine A1 receptor.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that NOR produces the analgesic effect in inflammatory pain by a mechanism related to the adenosine system.
A Novel IFITM5 Mutation in Severe Atypical Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI Impairs Osteoblast Production of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
Authors: Farber Charles R , Reich Adi , Barnes Aileen M , Becerra Patricia , Rauch Frank , Cabral Wayne A , Bae Alison , Quinlan Aaron , Glorieux Francis H , Clemens Thomas L , Marini Joan C 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) types V and VI are caused, respectively, by a unique dominant mutation in IFITM5, encoding BRIL, a transmembrane ifitm-like protein most strongly expressed in the skeletal system, and recessive null mutations in SERPINF1, encoding pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). We identified a 25-year-old woman with severe OI whose dermal fibroblasts and cultured osteoblasts displayed minimal secretion of PEDF, but whose serum PEDF level was in the normal range. SERPINF1 sequences were normal despite bone histomorphometry consistent with type VI OI and elevated childhood serum alkaline phosphatase. We performed exome sequencing on the proband, both parents, and an unaffected sibling. IFITM5 emerged as the candidate gene from bioinformatics analysis, and was corroborated by membership in a murine bone co-expression network module containing all currently known OI genes. The de novo IFITM5 mutation was confirmed in one allele of the proband, resulting in a p.S40L substitution in the intracellular domain of BRIL but was absent in unaffected family members. IFITM5 expression was normal in proband fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and BRIL protein level was similar to control in differentiated proband osteoblasts on Western blot and in permeabilized mutant osteoblasts by microscopy. In contrast, SERPINF1 expression was decreased in proband osteoblasts; PEDF was barely detectable in conditioned media of proband cells. Expression and secretion of type I collagen was similarly decreased in proband osteoblasts; the expression pattern of several osteoblast markers largely overlapped reported values from cells with a primary PEDF defect. In contrast, osteoblasts from a typical case of type V OI, with an activating mutation at the 5'-terminus of BRIL, have increased SERPINF1 expression and PEDF secretion during osteoblast differentiation. Together, these data suggest that BRIL and PEDF have a relationship that connects the genes for types V and VI OI and their roles in bone mineralization. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Pt/N‐TiO2 towards Enhanced H2 Production from Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Ren‐Jang , Hsieh Ying‐Chieh , Hung Heng‐Chieh , Ie Chiu , Chavali Murthy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPresent work mainly focuses on experimental investigation to improvement of hydrogen production by water photoelectrolysis. An experimental facility was designed and constructed for visible light photocatalysis. A series of N‐TiO2 photocatalysts impregnated with platinum on the surface of N‐TiO2 were prepared. Hydrogen production upon irradiating aqueous Pt/N‐TiO2 suspension with visible light was investigated. The shift in excitation wavelength of TiO2 was 380 nm improved the yield of hydrogen production by N‐TiO2 and Pt/N‐TiO2. We used a 400 W mercury arc lamp combined with a 400 nm cutoff filter eliminating all the wavelengths under 400 nm. Pt/N‐TiO2 material was characterized with TPR, reflective UV/Visible spectroscopy and TEM. The best hydrogen production rate obtained for this setup for N/Ti = 10, 0.05 wt% Pt/N‐TiO2, through water splitting was about 772 μmolh−1g−1.
Measuring polyethylene wear in total knee arthroplasty by RSA: Differences between weight‐bearing and non‐weight‐bearing positioning
Authors: van IJsseldijk Emiel A. , Valstar Edward R. , Stoel Berend C. , de Ridder Ruud , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Kaptein Bart L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMeasuring the minimum‐joint‐space‐width (mJSW) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) provides valuable information on polyethylene wear, a leading cause for TKA failure. Most existing studies use non‐weight‐bearing (NWB) patient positioning. The latter may compromise mJSW measurements due to knee laxity with subsequent non‐contact between the TKA components. We investigated the difference in mJSW between weight‐bearing (WB) and NWB images and the association with mediolateral (ML) knee stability. At one‐year follow‐up, 23 TKAs were included from an ongoing RSA study, and ML stability was evaluated. For each examination, the mJSW and femoral‐tibial contact locations were measured. A linear regression model was used to analyze the association between the mJSW difference (NWB–WB) with the ML stability and contact locations. The mean mJSW difference was 0.28 mm medially and 0.20 mm laterally. Four TKAs had medium (5–9°) and 19 TKAs had high (<5°) ML stability. A higher mJSW difference was found for TKAs with medium stability (0.36 mm, P = 0.01). In conclusion, mJSW measurements in existing (NWB) RSA studies are influenced by knee laxity, but may still provide information on wear progression based on TKA with high ML stability. A direct comparison of mJSW measurements from WB and NWB data is not possible. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:613–617, 2014.
Model for quantifying blur‐free motion of a Briggs roam target moving at 15 deg/s
Authors: Watson Owen Jeff 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBy combining data from response time measurements, charge‐coupled device images of monitor subpixels, the Briggs roam test, the limitations of the human vision system, and spatio‐temporal data analysis, it is possible to determine the prerequisites for blur‐free motion at a specified roam rate.
Nanostructured alignment layer for liquid crystals
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yung , Ho Jacob Yeuk‐Lung , Tseng Man‐Chun , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new type of nanostructured alignment surface is proposed and demonstrated. As in previous nanostructured alignment surfaces, a large pretilt angle of near 45° can be produced reliably. Moreover, this new structure is fabricated with a mask, and there is no randomness involved. The uniformity and anchoring properties of this new surface have been measured to be of excellent quality.
The impact of watching television on evening melatonin levels
Authors: Figueiro Mariana G. , Wood Brittany , Plitnick Barbara , Rea Mark S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelf‐luminous electronic devices emit optical radiation at short wavelengths, close to the peak sensitivity of melatonin suppression. The present paper investigated if light from a 178‐cm (70 in.) television suppressed melatonin. Results showed that light from televisions does not impact melatonin levels in the evening.
Corruption and Tourism: An Empirical Investigation in a Non‐linear Framework
Authors: Saha Shrabani , Yap Ghialy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of corruption on tourism demand for a panel of countries during 1999–2009 by using panel least square and fixed effects regressions. Prior research has considered only the linear effects of corruption on tourism. We examine the relationship between corruption and tourism in a non‐linear framework after controlling for economic and heritage factors. The findings suggest that corruption has a significant effect on tourism demand and that this effect is non‐linear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐room‐temperature photon‐noise‐limited quantum well infrared photodetector
Authors: Hao Ming Rui , Yang Yao , Zhang Shuai , Shen Wen Zhong , Schneider Harald , Liu Hui Chun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWith the modern development of infrared laser sources such as broadly tunable quantum cascade lasers and frequency combs, applications of infrared laser spectroscopy are expected to become widespread. Consequently, convenient infrared detectors are needed, having properties such as fast response, high efficiency, and room‐temperature operation. This work investigated conditions to achieve near‐room‐temperature photon‐noise‐limited performance of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), in particular the laser power requirement. Both model simulation and experimental verification were carried out. At 300 K, it is shown that the ideal performance can be reached for typical QWIP designs up to a detection wavelength of 10 µm. At 250 K, which is easily reachable with a thermoelectric Peltier cooler, the ideal performance can be reached up to 12 µm. QWIPs are therefore suitable for detection and sensing applications with devices operating up to or near room temperature.
Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on tooth enamel coated with biofilm
Authors: Cohen Julie , Featherstone John D.B. , Le Charles Q. , Steinberg Doron , Feuerstein Osnat 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesCO2 laser irradiation of tooth enamel can inhibit demineralization of tooth enamel, by changing enamel composition and resistance to acid attack. The aim of this work was to examine these effects of CO2 laser irradiation on enamel covered by biofilm.Materials and MethodsStreptococcus mutans was grown on bovine enamel surfaces for 48 hours to form a mature biofilm. Samples were irradiated by CO2 laser (wavelength of 10.6 µm) at a power of 0.08 W in a super‐pulse mode for 1 second and 24 pulses/second, with an energy density of 0.77 J/cm2 per pulse. Untreated controls and laser treated samples with and without biofilm were examined for the morphology of the biofilm and the enamel surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural biofilm viability was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead staining. The biofilm was removed in a sonication water bath and the non‐treated and irradiated enamel samples were chemically analyzed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).ResultsIrradiated samples showed a melt zone with micro‐cracks in the center of the irradiating beam position, which was smaller when irradiated enamel was covered by biofilm. Confocal microscopy images demonstrated higher proportion of dead bacteria at the margins of the irradiated spot area, while at the spot center the bacteria were evaporated exposing the enamel surface to direct laser irradiation. EDS analysis showed an increase in Ca/P ratio after irradiation of enamel covered with biofilm. FTIR analysis showed an approximately 40% carbonate loss in the irradiated enamel samples, including those with biofilms.ConclusionBiofilms protect enamel surfaces from possible morphological irradiation damage without interfering with the resultant chemical changes that may increase the enamel resistance to acid attack. Therefore, under certain exposure regimens that are thermally and mechanically safe for enamel, CO2 laser irradiation of biofilms on dental hard tissues is suggested as a potential novel preventive treatment for controlling dental caries. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:216–223, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential Betting Behavior: A Test of Asymmetric Inconsistencies in Group Decision Making
Authors: Islam Gazi , Claro Danny P. , Andrade Eduardo B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that individual decision makers tend to bet more than initially planned after experiencing a loss but not after a gain. This research tests whether groups in consensus decision‐making contexts also demonstrate similar asymmetric inconsistencies. Two experiments, one at the individual level and one with three‐person groups, were carried out based on a gambling‐type betting task. Although individuals planned more conservatively than groups regarding their betting behavior after the first outcome, both individuals and groups misestimated their own betting behavior after losses but not after gains. Negative, but not positive, emotional reactions to previous decision outcomes were also misestimated, leading to incorrect predictions of future behavior. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Muscle atrophy, ubiquitin–proteasome, and autophagic pathways in dysferlinopathy
Authors: Fanin Marina , Nascimbeni Anna C. , Angelini Corrado 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Muscle fiber atrophy and the molecular pathways underlying this process have not been investigated in dysferlinopathy patients. Methods: In 22 muscles from dysferlinopathy patients we investigated fiber atrophy by morphometry and ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagic pathways using protein and/or transcriptional analysis of atrophy‐ and autophagy‐related genes (MuRF1, atrogin1, LC3, p62, Bnip3). Results: Dysferlinopathy showed significant fiber atrophy and higher MuRF‐1 protein and mRNA levels, which correlated with fiber size, suggesting activation of the atrophy program by proteasome induction. Conclusions: Some of the MuRF‐1 upregulation and proteasome induction may be attributed to the prominent regeneration found. A potential role of impaired autophagy was suggested by p62‐positive protein aggregates in atrophic fibers and significantly higher levels of LC3‐II and p62 proteins and overexpression of p62 and Bnip3 mRNA. Damaged muscle fibers and prominent inflammatory changes may also enhance autophagy due to the insufficient level of proteasomal degradation of mutant dysferlin. Muscle Nerve 50: 340–347, 2014
A multilevel taxonomy and requirements for an optimal traffic‐classification model
Authors: Khalife Jawad , Hajjar Amjad , Diaz‐Verdejo Jesus 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYIdentifying Internet traffic applications is essential for network security and management. The steady emergence of new Internet applications, together with the use of encryption and obfuscation techniques, ensures that traffic classification remains a hot research topic. Much research has been devoted to this topic by the research community in the last decade. However, an optimal traffic classification model has yet to be defined. Many techniques and formats have been described, with the current literature therefore lacking appropriate benchmarks expressed in a consistent terminology. Moreover, existing surveys are outdated and do not include many recent advances in the field. In this article, we present a systematic multilevel taxonomy that covers a broad range of existing and recently proposed methods, together with examples of vendor classification techniques. Our taxonomy assists in defining a consistent terminology. It could be useful in future benchmarking contexts by characterizing and comparing methods at three different levels. From this perspective, we describe key features and provide design hints for future classification models, while emphasizing the main requirements for promoting future research efforts. To motivate researchers and other interested parties, we collect and share data captured from real traffic, using two models to protect data privacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring African American Women's Trust in Provider During Pregnancy
Authors: Peters Rosalind M. , Benkert Ramona , Templin Thomas N. , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSignificant racial disparities exist in pregnancy outcomes, but few researchers have examined the relationship between trust in providers and pregnancy outcomes. The Trust in Physician Scale (TPS), the most widely used tool, has not been tested in pregnancy. We assessed the psychometric properties of the TPS and identified correlates of trust in 189 pregnant African American women. Evidence supports internal consistency reliability (>.85) and internal structure of the TPS (CFI = .97; RMSEA = .05; χ2(42) = 65.93, p = .001), but TPS scores did not predict pregnancy outcomes. African American women reported a high level of trust in obstetric providers. Trust did not differ by provider type (physician or midwife) but was related to the women's history of perceived racism and strength of ethnic identity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust reliable guaranteed cost control for uncertain T‐S fuzzy neutral systems with interval time‐varying delay and linear fractional perturbations
Authors: Lien Chang‐Hua , Yu Ker‐Wei , Chang Hao‐Chin , Chung Long‐Yeu , Chen Jenq‐Der 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe robust reliable guaranteed cost control for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with interval time‐varying delay is considered in this paper. Some free weighting matrices and non‐negative terms are provided to improve the conservativeness of our main results. An LMI optimization approach is applied to solve the problems of robust reliable guaranteed cost control and minimization of cost function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.