bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol exerts a biphasic effect on apolipoprotein M
Authors: Kurano Makoto , Hara Masumi , Nojiri Takahiro , Ikeda Hitoshi , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: October 2015

Background and PurposeResveratrol exerts a range of beneficial actions in several areas of pathophysiology, including vascular biology. Here, we have investigated the effects of resveratrol on apolipoprotein M (apoM), a carrier and modulator of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), a vasoactive lipid mediator.Experimental ApproachWe used a hepatoma cell line (HepG2), human primary hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice. We measured apoM, S1P and related enzymes, LDL receptors and sirtuin1 activity, using Western blotting, RT‐PCR and enzyme assays. We also used si‐RNA to knock‐down sirtuin1 in HepG2 cells.Key ResultsIn cultures of HepG2 cells, resveratrol (1‐10 μM) increased intracellular apoM and S1P. High concentrations of resveratrol (100 μM) decreased extracellular (in the culture medium) apoM, whereas moderate concentrations of resveratrol (1–10 μM) increased extracellular apoM. High concentrations of resveratrol also increased LDL receptor expression, while all concentrations of resveratrol activated the histone deacetylase sirtuin1. In cultures of human primary hepatocytes, resveratrol, at all concentrations, increased both intra‐ and extracellular apoM. When wild‐type mice were fed a resveratrol‐containing chow (0.3% w/w) for 2 weeks, both the plasma and hepatic apoM and S1P levels were increased. However, the resveratrol diet did not affect hepatic LDL receptor levels in this in vivo study.Conclusions and ImplicationsResveratrol increased intra‐ and extracellular levels of apoM, along with intracellular S1P levels, while a high concentration of resveratrol reduced extracellular apoM. The present findings suggest that resveratrol has novel effects on the metabolic kinetics of S1P, a multi‐functional bioactive phospholipid.
Non‐territorial Macaques Can Range Like Territorial Gibbons When Partially Provisioned With Food
Authors: José‐Domínguez Juan Manuel , Huynen Marie‐Claude , García Carmen J. , Albert‐Daviaud Aurélie , Savini Tommaso , Asensio Norberto 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHuman food supplementation can affect components of animal socioecology by altering the abundance and distribution of available food. We studied the effect of food supplementation by comparing the ranging patterns and intergroup interactions of two groups of northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina), a non‐territorial primate species. One group was partially reliant on food provisioning, whereas the other group foraged wild food. We also compared the macaques’ movement with that of a group of white‐handed gibbons (Hylobates lar), a territorial species inhabiting the same site. Home range, core area, and daily path lengths were significantly smaller for the semi‐provisioned group than for the wild‐feeding group. In contrast to wild‐feeding macaques, supplemented macaques showed higher fidelity to home range, core area, and particularly to the region where human food was most accessible and abundant. The relationship of daily path length and home range indicated a low defendability index for wild‐feeding macaques; the higher index for the semi‐provisioned group was consistent with the territorial pattern found in gibbons. Semi‐provisioned macaques showed further traits of territoriality with aggression during intergroup encounters. These findings indicate that human modification of food availability can significantly affect movement patterns and intergroup competition in macaques. The observed ranging dynamics related to food provisioning may decrease the efficiency of macaques as seed dispersers and increase predation on their home range, and thus have important consequences for plant regeneration and animal diversity.
Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to the regulation of chemokine expression and pulmonary inflammation in Cryptococcus infection
Authors: Supasorn O , Sringkarin N , Srimanote P , Angkasekwinai P 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular proteases that play roles in regulating the immune response in inflammatory processes. Previous studies indicated that different MMPs were involved in the host defence and tissue damage in response to different pathogens. However, the contributions of MMPs during Cryptococcus infection have not been addressed clearly. Here, we examined the expression and activity of MMPs during Cryptococcus infection. Among MMP family members, we found significant increases of MMP-3 and MMP-12 mRNA levels and MMP12 zymographic activities in response to C. neoformans but not C. gattii infection. The expression of MMP12 was induced in RAW cells after C. neoformans treatment and in alveolar macrophages purified from C. neoformans-infected mice. Interestingly, administration of MMP inhibitor GM6001 into C. neoformans-infected mice resulted in a significantly increased pulmonary fungal burden with attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration. Corresponding to this finding, the expression of the macrophage- and neutrophil-attracting chemokines CCL2 and CXCL1 was inhibited in the GM6001-treated group and MMP12 levels were found to be correlated strongly with CCL2 mRNA expression. Thus, our data suggest that the induction of MMPs by C. neoformans infection potentiates inflammatory cell infiltration by modulating pulmonary chemokines, thereby promoting effective host immunity to pulmonary Cryptococcus infection.
Enhancing kidney function with thrombolytic therapy following donation after cardiac death: a multicenter quasi‐blinded prospective randomized trial
Authors: Woodside Kenneth J. , Goldfarb David A. , Rabets John C. , Sanchez Edmund Q. , Lebovitz Daniel J. , Schulak James A. , Fung John J. , Eghtesad Bijan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKidneys from donors after cardiac death (DCD) are at risk for inferior outcomes, possibly due to microthrombi and additional warm ischemia. We describe an organ procurement organization‐wide trial utilizing thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) during machine pulsatile perfusion (MPP). A kidney from each recovered kidney pair was prospectively randomized to receive tPA (50 mg Alteplase) or no tPA (control) in the MPP perfusate. From 2011 to 2013, 24 kidneys were placed with enrolled recipients from 19 DCD kidney donors. There were no significant differences for absolute values of flow or resistance while undergoing MPP between the groups, nor rates of achieving discrete flow and resistance targets. While there was a trend toward lower creatinine and higher glomerular filtration rates in the tPA group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, these differences were not significant. Delayed graft function (DGF) rates were 41.7% in the tPA group vs. 58.4% in the control group (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.10–2.59, p = 0.68). Death‐censored graft survival was similar between the groups. In this pilot study, encouraging trends are seen in kidney allograft function independent of MPP parameters following DCD kidney transplantation for those kidneys receiving thrombolytic tPA and MPP, compared with standard MPP.
Solitary pancreas transplantation: a review of the UK experience over a period of 10 yr
Authors: Vrakas Georgios , Arantes Rubens Macedo , Gerlach Undine , Reddy Srikanth , Friend Peter , Vaidya Anil 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to see whether lessons could be learned from the prospectively maintained nationwide database on solitary pancreas transplantation (SPTx) performed in the UK.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐five SPTx were utilized from the 2004–2013 period (113 pancreas transplant alone and 132 pancreas after kidney). The statistical analysis included donor, recipient, transplant variables, and the effect of a rejection episode on graft survival.ResultsCold ischemia time (CIT), CIT > 12 h, donor body mass index (BMI) > 30, and non‐lymphocyte‐depleting induction immunosuppression achieved p‐value <0.05 in the unadjusted univariate hazard model analysis. In a multivariate analysis, variables that persisted in demonstrating increased independent risk included CIT > 12 h (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94, p = 0.035) and the use of non‐depleting induction immunosuppression (HR 1.95, p = 0.002). Factors such as bladder‐drained grafts and donor variables including age, BMI, and donation after cardiac death (DCD) vs. donation after brain‐stem death did not attain significance. Rejection reduces the overall graft survival by approximately 1000 d (1841 ± 114 d vs. 915 ± 119 d, p = 0.001).ConclusionsCold ischemia time <12 h and the use of depleting antibodies as induction immunosuppression have a positive effect on pancreas allograft survival. Other factors such as bladder‐drained grafts and donor variables such as age, BMI, and DCD status did not attain significance in a multivariate analysis.
The metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus as predictors of thoracic aortic calcification as detected by non‐contrast computed tomography in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Katz R. , Budoff M. J. , O'Brien K. D. , Wong N. D. , Nasir K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of low levels of HDL cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, high waist circumference, hypertension and elevated triglycerides, and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic aorta (TAC), measured by non‐contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans, is a marker for atherosclerosis and relates to mortality. We sought to evaluate the independent association of MetS and TAC on cardiac CT scans.MethodsWe examined the relation of the MetS, and each of its components, to the prevalence of TAC, measured from 2000 to 2002 in 6778 white, Chinese, African‐American and Hispanic participants in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).ResultsAdjusting for age, gender, race, smoking, LDL cholesterol and lipid‐lowering medications, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a TAC score > 0 were: 1.19 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.28) for participants with MetS, 1.34 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.49) for those with diabetes and MetS, and 1.33 (95% CI 1.11, 1.58) for those with diabetes and no MetS compared with participants who were free of the MetS and diabetes. Associations were found for most of the components of the MetS with TAC.ConclusionsWe conclude that in adults without known heart disease, the MetS, most of its components and diabetes are associated with a higher prevalence of calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic arteries in a multi‐ethnic population of men and women.
Bi‐directional interaction between hypoglycaemia and cognitive impairment in elderly patients treated with glucose‐lowering agents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mattishent K. , Loke Y. K. 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo examine the bi‐directional relationship, whereby hypoglycaemia is a risk factor for dementia, and where dementia increases risk of hypoglycaemia in older patients with diabetes mellitus treated with glucose‐lowering agents.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE over a 10‐year span from 2005 to 2015 (with automated PubMed updates to August 2015) for observational studies of the association between hypoglycaemia and cognitive impairment or dementia in participants aged >55 years. Assessment of study validity was based on ascertainment of hypoglycaemia, dementia and risk of confounding. We conducted random effects inverse variance meta‐analyses, and assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic.ResultsWe screened 1177 citations, and selected 12 studies, of which nine were suitable for meta‐analysis. There were a total of 1 439 818 participants, with a mean age of 75 years. Meta‐analysis of five studies showed a significantly increased risk of dementia in patients who had hypoglycaemic episodes: pooled odds ratio 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 1.95]. We also found a significantly increased risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with dementia: pooled odds ratio from five studies 1.61 (95% CI 1.25, 2.06). Limitations of the study were heterogeneity in the meta‐analysis, and uncertain ascertainment of dementia and hypoglycaemic outcomes and temporal relationships. Publication bias may have favoured the reporting of more significant findings.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis shows a bi‐directional relationship between cognitive impairment and hypoglycaemia in older patients. Glucose‐lowering therapy should be carefully tailored and monitored in older patients who are susceptible to cognitive decline.
Clinical effect of cardiac shock wave therapy on patients with ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhou Chao , Liu Lin , Pan Xizhuo , Guo Tao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAfter several years of study, CSWT has been initially applied to IHD treatment, but the actual effectiveness has never been well evaluated with a meta‐analysis.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register database and Chinese database were searched. The randomized controlled trials, and single‐arm and cohort study related to in patients with IHD undergoing CSWT were included and 14 articles were finally analysed. The data related to the study design, patient characteristics and outcomes were extracted. All the selected data were calculated with random‐effects models in weighted mean differences, and heterogeneity was carefully evaluated as well.Results(i) Cardiac shock wave therapy improves the angina pectoris symptom (including the decrease of Canadian Cardiovascular Society class [−0·86 (−1·12, −0·65), P < 0·00001], nitroglycerin dosage (times/weeks) [−0·71 (−1·08, −0·33), P = 0·0002] and a increase of Seattle Angina Questionnaire score [5·64 (3·12, 8·15), P < 0·0001)]); (ii) CSWT leads to a reduce in heart failure (including a reduction of New York Heart Association functional class [−0·49 (−0·62, −0·37), P < 0·00001], a stable rise in 6‐min walking distance [68·38 (39·70, 97·05), P < 0·00001] and a growth in left ventricular ejection fraction with echocardiography screening [6·73 (4·67,8·80), P < 0·00001]); (iii) CSWT improves myocardial viability within improving in total score of perfusion imaging [−5·19 (−8·08, −2·30), P = 0·0004] and total score of metabolism imaging [−5·33 (−7·77, −2·90), P < 0·0001].ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis suggests that CSWT may offer beneficial effects to patients with IHD, although there was significant heterogeneity across the studies.
Method for effectively maintaining the thickness of mouthguards fabricated using EVA sheets and a circle tray: influence of grooved sheet and heating conditions
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Koide Kaoru , Iwasaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe shapes of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets are mainly square or round. The aim of this study was to elucidate a fabrication method that effectively maintains the thickness of the round sheet. Mouthguards were fabricated using EVA sheets (diameter 125 mm, thickness 4.0 mm) and a vacuum‐forming machine. The sheet was pinched at the top and bottom and stabilized by the circle tray. Two heating conditions were compared: (i) the sheet was molded when it sagged 10 mm below the level of the sheet frame at the top of the post under normal conditions (N); and (ii) the sheet frame was lowered to and heated at 50 mm from the level of ordinary use and molded when it sagged 10 mm from the sheet frame (L). Two EVA sheet shapes were compared: an ordinary sheet (O) and a sheet with a horizontal v‐shaped groove 30 mm from the anterior end (G). The height of the working model was 20 mm at the incisor point and 15 mm at the first molar. The sheet temperatures of the heating and non‐heated surface were measured by the radiation thermometer. Post‐molding thickness was determined for the incisal and molar portion. Differences in the thickness were analyzed using two‐way anova. The temperature difference among points was smaller under condition L than under condition N. Thickness after formation was higher in condition L than in condition N, and was higher in condition G than in condition O. At the labial surface and the cusp, L–G was thickest. With the present techniques, uneven softening during heating can be improved by lowering the sheet frame and consequently reducing the reduction in the thickness of the sheet. Additionally, the thickness reduction is reduced by creating a horizontal groove on the sheet, establishing the clinical efficacy of this method.
Effect of humic acids, sesquioxides and silica on the pore system of silt aggregates measured by water vapour desorption, mercury intrusion and microtomography
Authors: Jozefaciuk G. , Czachor H. , Lamorski K. , Hajnos M. , Swieboda R. , Franus W. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMost of the information on soil aggregation and porosity comes from studies of natural soil in which the effects of the different constituents that form the structure overlap. The aim of this research was to study the effects of these constituents separately on well‐characterized artificial aggregates in order to understand them better. To do this, the pore system of model silt aggregates, amended with different amounts of humic acids, iron and aluminium hydroxides or colloidal silica, was investigated at three levels of magnification with water vapour desorption (nanometre sizes), mercury intrusion (micrometre sizes) and microtomography (tens of micrometres). Humic acid and aluminium hydroxide increased aggregate porosities measured by all methods. An increase in porosity with increasing additions of each constituent was indicated only by water desorption. We did not observe any well‐defined trends in the dynamics of average pore radii. The pore surface fractal dimension determined by mercury intrusion was negatively correlated with that measured by water desorption. The pore system in granular media comprises larger voids joined by narrower necks; therefore, we attempted to relate their sizes with a novel approach that combined microtomography with mercury intrusion and extrusion data. We observed a decrease in the size of pore necks that give access to voids of the same sizes with increasing additions of all constituents. With additions of humic acid this effect was the smallest. The mercury intrusion data showed the formation of separate concretions of iron hydroxides and silica in silt aggregates.
A systematic review of placebo‐controlled trials of topiramate: How useful is a multiple‐indications review for evaluating the adverse events of an antiepileptic drug?
Authors: Donegan Sarah , Dixon Peter , Hemming Karla , Tudur‐Smith Catrin , Marson Anthony 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjectiveTopiramate (TPM) is an antiepileptic drug that is also used for other indications (e.g., migraine). Adverse event (AE) data from epilepsy trials could be supplemented by data from trials in other indications. Combining data across trials and indications is a novel method for evaluating AEs. We conducted a multiple‐indications review by systematically reviewing randomized placebo‐controlled trials of TPM, to compare the nervous system AEs of TPM in epilepsy with those in other indications.MethodsRandomized placebo‐controlled trials of TPM including patients with any indication were included. We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2012) and MEDLINE (1966–February 2012). Two authors assessed eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. For each reported nervous system AE, we extracted event rates, applied random‐effects inverse‐variance meta‐analysis (pooling within‐indications then across‐indications), and assessed within‐ and across‐indication heterogeneity.ResultsNinety trials, including 16 epilepsy trials, were included. A difference was detected between TPM and placebo for three events (i.e., drooling, dysgeusia, and hypoesthesia) that were not reported in epilepsy trials but were reported by other trials. A difference between TPM and placebo was detected for speech disorder using epilepsy trials but not when combining all trials. For two events (i.e., cognitive disorder and “language problems”), no difference was detected between TPM and placebo when using epilepsy trials alone, but a difference was identified using all trials. A difference was detected between TPM and placebo for six events (i.e., ataxia, disturbance in attention, dizziness, memory impairment, paraesthesia, and somnolence) when using epilepsy trials alone, and using all trials.SignificanceIncluding trials of any indication enabled detection of differences that would have been missed using epilepsy trials alone. Multiple‐indications reviews can improve the synthesis of AEs for antiepileptic drugs.
‘High‐co‐occurrence genera’: weak but consistent relationships with global richness, niche partitioning, hybridization and decline
Authors: Prinzing Andreas , Powrie Leslie W. , Hennekens Stephan M. , Bartish Igor V. , Ozinga Wim A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimMany biologists explain the global richness of lineages and local co‐occurrence of lineage members by distinct processes: speciation/extinction versus ecological interactions. Moreover, allopatric distribution, rarity and local competition limit local co‐occurrence of species even within species‐rich lineages. However, whether and why the global richness of lineages relates to local co‐occurrence of lineage members has not been tested. We study angiosperms, and hypothesize that in globally species‐rich genera species frequently encounter congeners locally, reflecting (1) random sampling of species pools into local communities and (2) processes of global species production and local survival such as hybridization, niche filling and a reduced risk of extinction.LocationNetherlands, South Africa, world‐wide.MethodsAnalysing more than 350,000 plots we quantify per species the observed number of co‐occurring congeners as well as the null expectation based on random sampling from species pools. From the literature we quantify the global species richness of genera, and abiotic niche positions and breadths, hybrid status and regional species declines.ResultsIn some genera species frequently encounter congeners locally, while in others congeners are rarely encountered. This is independent of the total number of species encountered, and is consistent between the Netherlands and South Africa. ‘High‐co‐occurrence genera’ are particularly species rich across the globe, consistently so in most families and even after controlling for niche positions, age and regional richness of genera. Species in high‐co‐occurrence genera tend to occupy niches that are large and close to congeners’ niches. These species are more often hybrids and rarely decline. Relationships explain little variance (< 10%) but are stronger than expected from random sampling of species rich pools.Main conclusionsLocal co‐occurrence and global species richness are largely independent, but not entirely so, reflecting random sampling of pools into communities, niche partitioning, hybridization and the reduced risk of regional extinction in high‐co‐occurrence genera. Increased extinction risk in low‐co‐occurrence genera implies a proportionately high loss of lineages and their evolutionary heritage from local communities.