bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm management practices and host species richness associated with higher likelihood of tuberculosis positive farms in Western Spain
Authors: Herrero-García Gloria , Vaz-Rodrigues Rita , Pozo Pilar , Barroso Patricia , Relimpio David , Nácar Jesús , Grau Anna , Mínguez Olga , García-Rodríguez Alberto , Balseiro Ana , Gortázar Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite enormous efforts, complete animal tuberculosis (TB) eradication has only been achieved in few regions. Epidemiological analyses are key to identify TB risk factors and set up targeted biosecurity measures. Here, we conducted an in-depth characterization of 84 extensive beef cattle farms from a high TB prevalence region in Western Spain, and assessed how farm management and wildlife presence on farms contribute to cattle TB risk. Twenty-six out of 84 variables were associated with cattle farm TB positivity. Farm management variables associated with TB positivity included older cattle, larger herd size, highly fragmented farm structure and greater connectivity between farms. TB-positive farms provided supplemental feed over a higher number of months, used calf feeders, and had higher number of waterholes. Detecting Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European badger (Meles meles), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), or Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) on cattle farms was also associated with farm TB positivity. The best ordinal regression model indicated that in farms with a large herd size (> 167 animals) the odds of being positive or recurrently positive (versus negative) was 7.34 (95% CI = 2.43–23.51) times higher that of farms with small herd size. Further, for every additional host species detected in the farm premises, the odds of being TB-positive increased 56%. We conclude that both cattle management and wildlife need to be targeted for successful TB control in grazing-based farming systems.
The Effect of Customers’ Unethical Practices on Suppliers’ Intention to Continue Their Relationships
Authors: Prajogo Daniel , Cooper Brian , Donohue Ross , Nair Anand 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines inter-firm buyer–supplier relationships through an ethical lens. Drawing on the concept of reciprocity in social exchange theory as well as resource dependence theory, we examine the effect of customers’ unethical practices on their suppliers’ intention to continue their business relationships with their customers. Specifically, we distinguish two types of unethical practices: unfair business practices, which directly target suppliers and socially irresponsible practices, which have an impact on wider society. Integrating social exchange theory and resource dependence theory, we investigate the effects of two moderating factors: suppliers’ dependence on their customers and the benefits derived from the supplier–customer relationship. Using data obtained from 506 managers from small-to-medium-sized firms, our findings show that both customers’ unfair business practices and socially irresponsible practices have negative relationships with their suppliers’ intention to continue the relationships. These effects are moderated by supplier dependence and benefits derived from their customers. Overall, our study shows that intention to continue in these relationships, in response to unethical practices by customers, is bounded by supplier self-interest and resource dependence. Our study is one of the few to examine suppliers’ responses to unethical practices and our findings are consistent with the notion of weak reciprocity, rather than strong reciprocity that predominates in the literature.
Rural development opportunities through contextual interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Undurraga José Tomás , Pokorny Benno 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClassic technical assistance to local resource users in tropical agrarian frontiers has shown important successes but also has been criticized for being expensive, dependency creating, and destructive to traditional social-ecological systems. Alternatively, supporting rural families by improving their contexts might have the potential to more effectively unlock the individual and collective capacities of local resource users. This literature review systematically explores the state of knowledge on contextual interventions and their effects on small-scale farmers. It outlines five contextual categories and 17 contextual elements, and document for each element the quality of data, as well as the reported social, economic, and environmental effects. Literature on local development effects of contextual elements increased considerably in the last 40 years with an increasing focus on governance, but there are still important blind spots regarding the effect of education and logistics. Overall, the review indicates that contextual interventions should be more considered to support rural families in tropical agrarian frontiers.
Effect of interlayer spacing on the electronic and optical properties of SnS2/graphene/SnS2 sandwich heterostructure: a density functional theory study
Authors: Idisi David O. , Benecha Evans M. , Mwakikunga Bonex , Asante Joseph K. O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe formation of metal dichalcogenide heterostructures enables tailoring their properties for future optoelectronics and energy storage. The current paper focuses on the study of the effect of interlayer spacing on the electronic and optical properties of SnS2/graphene/SnS2 sandwich heterostructure, using density functional theory electronic structure calculations. We find low cohesive energies/ per atom ($$0.0506 \to 0.0514$$

0.0506
→
0.0514

eV) for all the various interlayer spacing configurations (1–5 Å) considered in this study, implying the feasibility of experimental realization. The Mulliken charge transfer analysis suggests negative to positive net charge ($$-0.12 \to 0.18$$

-
0.12
→
0.18

) transfer for 1–3 Å threshold interlayer spacing, which implies acceptor and donor charge transfer configurations. The density of states of SnS2/graphene/SnS2 retains unoccupied states for all the interlayer spacing configurations, which can be attributed to localized exciton states and strong electronic coupling between the electrons within the heterostructure layers. We further find a strong optical response and localized electronic transport, which can pave the way for optoelectronic applications of this material heterostructure.
Rarefaction pulses on tensegrity lattices are just $$\text {sech}^2$$-solitary (dark) waves
Authors: de Castro Motta Julia , Fraternali Fernando , Saccomandi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the propagation of rarefaction solitary waves in one-dimensional, tensegrity-like mass-spring lattices that are subject to an initial state of pre-compression. The analyzed systems exhibit a cubic interaction potential between adjacent masses that accurately captures the constitutive response of tensegrity prisms with elastically softening behavior. Analytical results are presented for the propagation of rarefaction solitary waves that produce a reduction of the initial prestress exhibited by the system. It is known in the literature that the use of cubic interaction potentials in one-dimensional lattices enables the prediction of the propagation of solitary waves with sech$$^2$$

2

profile. Investigating the particular case of pre-compressed, softening-type tensegrity lattices, this study shows that such a noticeable result can be derived using both the classical and the improved Boussinesq equation. The given results reveal the presence of rarefaction solitary waves in a suitable range of wave speeds, and offer an explicit formula for the upper bound of the rarefaction wave speed that leaves the system in a compressed state. The outcomes of the present work pave the way to the development of analytic models for the design of radically new, metamaterial-type impact protection systems. Numerical simulations show the ability of the tensegrity-like model in predicting the propagation of rarefaction solitary waves in a physical model of a tensegrity mass-spring chain.
The Energy Absorption Rate for Three Metal Nano-ellipsoids in a Three-Dimensional Hybrid System
Authors: Hashim Hala M. , Abd-Elnabi Somia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study the properties of the three-dimensional hybrid system consisting of three metal nano-ellipsoids and semiconductor quantum dots. Our objective is to determine the energy absorption rate of the three metal nano-ellipsoids caused by the indirect contribution of the interaction between the semiconductor quantum dot and the three metal nano-ellipsoids. We compare two situations for the direction of the three external fields and the dipole moment of MNEs. We found that the energy absorption rate depends on the three semi-axes and therefore the polarizability of the three metal nano-ellipsoids. Moreover, the distance between the semiconductor quantum dot and the three metal nano-ellipsoid affects the energy absorption rate. We illustrated that the Rabi frequency of the first external field significantly influences the energy absorption rate.
Forest Owner Attitudes and Preferences for Voluntary Temporary Forest Conservation
Authors: Kosenius Anna-Kaisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores attitudes and preferences of Finnish non-industrial private forest owners for voluntary temporary forest conservation. The survey data, collected with the best–worst scaling and discrete choice methods, focus on a conservation program that incentivizes forest owners for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Forest owners are willing to conserve simultaneously biodiversity and forest carbon. They prefer non-profit organization as implementer of program, suggesting alternative to current implementation of forest conservation by authorities. Forest owners’ interest in forest conservation program increases with shorter contract and higher payment, both aspects being subject to preference heterogeneity. Forest owners differ in terms of the perceived importance of ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainability of forestry. Heterogeneity in attitudes and preferences stems from the size of forest land, gender, freetime home located on forest site, and place of residence.
Tree failure – A natural phenomenon with forensic implications
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTree failure, or summer branch drop, refers to situations where large branches or whole trees may unexpectedly drop on unsuspecting victims. On occasion, this involves vehicles impacted by falling overhanging trees or branches. To study this phenomenon further review of the Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, Australia, database and an internet news search were undertaken over a 20 year period from March 2004 to February 2024 for all cases where unexpected accidental deaths in South Australia had been caused by falling branches or trees. There were six cases (age range 12–63 years; average 39 years; M:F 1:2). Three deaths occurred when branches dropped onto vehicles being driven along roads, 2 occurred when entire trees dropped onto the victims (one in windy weather) and 1 was due to a branch drop. Three tree species were identified as a grey box gum tree (Eucalyptus microcarpa), a lemon-scented gum tree (Corymbia citriodora) and a Cottonwood tree (Populus deltoides). The remainder were variants of eucalyptus (gum) trees. Deaths due to tree failures are uncommon and may involve a variety of different tree species with these events not necessarily occurring during high winds or storms. The major findings at autopsy are blunt force injuries.
The IGCP 714 Project “3GEO – Geoclimbing & Geotrekking in Geoparks” – Selection of Geodiversity Sites Equipped for Climbing for Combining Outdoor and Multimedia Activities
Authors: Bollati Irene Maria , Masseroli Anna , Al Kindi Mohammed , Cezar Lucas , Chrobak-Žuffová Anna , Dongre Ashish , Fassoulas Charalampos , Fazio Eugenio , Garcia-Rodríguez Manuel , Knight Jasper , Matthews Jack J. , de Araújo Pereira Ricardo Galeno Fraga , Viani Cristina , Williams Mark , Amato Giuseppe M. , Apuani Tiziana , de Castro Emanuel , Fernández-Escalante Enrique , Fernandes Magda , Forzese Martina , Gianotti Franco , Goyanes Gabriel , Loureiro Fabio , Kandekar Avinash , Koleandrianou Maria , Maniscalco Rosanna , Nikolakakis Emmanouel , Palomba Mauro , Pelfini Manuela , Tronti Gianluca , Zanoletti Enrico , Zerboni Andrea , Zucali Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe IGCP 714 project “3GEO – Geoclimbing & Geotrekking in Geoparks” is financed by the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) and supported by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). In this paper, we report on the results of the first phase of the project focused on the criteria to be adopted to select geodiversity sites equipped for climbing or trekking. The selection of geoclimbing sites and geotrekking routes is aimed at combining multimedia tools and outdoor activities for Geosciences promotion and conservation in UNESCO Global Geoparks, aspiring geoparks or geoparks project, and also in protected areas featuring geoheritage sites. Indeed, both outdoor activities and multimedia tools favour the pursuing of many of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., 3, 4, 8, 11). An international consortium of geoscientists from 12 different countries selected, through the proposed procedure, 22 geoclimbing sites, and then they also detected 30 geotrekking routes mirroring Earth geodiversity. At some test sites (geoclimbing and geotrekking) multimedia tools and digital outcrop models have been developed through different methodological approaches (e.g., Structure from Motion and Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry), to open the way to the second part of the project still in progress. These sites and the relative virtual models are herein also shown. The final aim of the IGCP 714 project is indeed to create an open data repository (digital outcrop models, videos, virtual tours, photos, scientific information, and interpretations) to upload data of the selected sites to mirror Earth geodiversity for different users including tourists and school groups.
Formulating facial mesh tracking as a differentiable optimization problem: a backpropagation-based solution
Authors: Peng Siran , Zhu Xiangyu , Yi Dong , Qian Chen , Lei Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFacial mesh tracking enables the production of topologically consistent 3D facial meshes from stereo video input captured by calibrated cameras. This technology is an integral part of many digital human applications, such as personalized avatar creation, audio-driven 3D facial animation, and talking face video generation. Currently, most facial mesh tracking methods are built on computer graphics techniques, which involve complex procedures and often necessitate human annotation within pipelines. As a result, these approaches are difficult to implement and hard to generalize across various scenarios. We propose a backpropagation-based solution that formulates facial mesh tracking as a differentiable optimization problem called the BPMT. Our solution leverages visual clues extracted from the stereo input to estimate vertex-wise geometry and texture information. The BPMT is composed of two steps: automatic face analysis and mesh tracking. In the first step, a range of visual clues are automatically extracted from the input, including facial point clouds, multi-view 2D landmarks, 3D landmarks in the world coordinate system, motion fields, and image masks. The second step can be viewed as a differentiable optimization problem, with constraints comprising stereo video input and facial clues. The primary objective is to achieve topologically consistent 3D facial meshes across frames. Additionally, the parameters to be optimized encompass the positions of free-form deformed vertices and a shared texture UV map. Furthermore, the 3D morphable model (3DMM) is introduced as a form of regularization to enhance the convergence of the optimization process. Leveraging the fully developed backpropagation software, we progressively register the facial meshes to the recorded object, generating high-quality 3D faces with consistent topologies. The BPMT requires no manual labeling within the pipeline, making it suitable for producing large-scale stereo facial data. Moreover, our method exhibits a high degree of flexibility and extensibility, positioning it as a promising platform for future research in the community.
Influence of spawning year and size on reproductive parameters in adult European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Fath El-Bab Ahmed F. , El-Saiegh Samah S. , Abd-Elghany Mohamed F. , Khalifa Gomaa A. , Naiel Mohammed A. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current study sought to investigate the impact of the spawning year (SY) and mature female brooder weights (FBW) on the reproductive performance of Dicentrarchus labrax. In three fiberglass circular tanks, a total of 60 mature female brooders of Dicentrarchus labrax were allocated into three equal weight classes; < 1500, > 1500–< 2000 and > 2000–< 2500 g, respectively. The findings showed that the SY and FBW considerably affected on the final egg biomass per each female (EW/F) and diameter of spawned eggs (ED). For the two studied years, the averages of absolute and relative fecundity values that were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by the SY are 71,924.16 and 51,168.24, and 43.01 and 43.21. Also, absolute fecundity increased noticeably with the maximal FBW. The hatchability % was strongly affected by SY and FBW. The average number of produced larvae per fish increased significantly (P < 0.001) with SY and highest FBW. The findings implied that FBW in correlation to SY can predict the production of a higher number of progenies from mature sea bass female fish, from which to develop novel approaches for selecting brooders during the spawning season.
Comparative Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics in China and the United States Using High Vertical Resolution Radiosonde Observations
Authors: Chen Qiying , Wu Hongkun , Long Haichuan , Liang Xin‐Zhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe characteristics of gravity waves in China are investigated through an extensive analysis of high vertical resolution radiosonde observations collected over eight years across 120 stations, and are subsequently compared to those in the United States. These characteristics encompass energy density, intrinsic frequencies, horizontal and vertical wavelengths, as well as vertical and horizonal propagation directions. China and the United States, situated in mid‐latitude regions with prominent western topographical features, the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and Rocky Mountains respectively, demonstrate striking similarities in the generation and distribution of gravity waves. Both landmasses exhibit the strongest gravity waves during winter and the weakest during summer. And within the troposphere, the maximum energy of gravity waves is generated over and immediately downstream of the topographies. In addition, the energy level is amplified in the lower stratosphere. However, unique regional contrasts in summer are result from the differences of summer monsoon influence and the distinct western topographies. The maximum gravity wave energy in summer troposphere is observed over the north side of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China, contrasting with its location downstream of the Rockies in the United States.
Volatile Transport on Ariel and Implications for the Origin and Distribution of Carbon Dioxide on Uranian Moons
Authors: Menten Stephanie M. , Sori Michael M. , Bramson Ali M. , Nordheim Tom A. , Cartwright Richard J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe moons of Uranus have only been visited once by Voyager 2 during its 1986 flyby. Earth‐based telescopic observations show a spectral signature of carbon dioxide ice on the Uranian moons Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, with a somewhat higher abundance on their trailing hemispheres. The inner major moon Ariel exhibits the strongest carbon dioxide ice absorption bands, which then decrease in strength with increasing orbital distance from Uranus, with the outer major moon Oberon exhibiting the weakest absorption bands. Previous work has suggested that these hemispherical and radial trends result from radiolytic production of carbon dioxide ice from interactions between the moons' surfaces and charged particles trapped in Uranus' magnetosphere. Here, we use volatile transport modeling to characterize a possible migration cycle of carbon dioxide on Ariel. We find that carbon dioxide is readily mobilized toward Ariel's equator, and that existing topography such as canyons are locations of favorable deposition for carbon dioxide ice. We predict the presence of carbon dioxide ice deposits on the floors of Ariel's canyons. Our work suggests two possible classes of sources of carbon dioxide: an active source, which may be consistent with either radiolytic production from Uranus' magnetosphere or outgassing from Ariel's interior, or an ancient source that produced CO2 that still exists in stable canyon deposits. A future Uranus orbiter could determine which hypothesis is most likely, or if carbon dioxide could be found both in the form of ice deposits on the surface and in a global exosphere.
A Hybrid Machine Learning/Physics‐Based Modeling Framework for 2‐Week Extended Prediction of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Liu Hao‐Yan , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wang Yuqing , Tang Jianping , Satoh Masaki , Lei Lili , Gu Jian‐Feng , Zhang Yi , Nie Gao‐Zhen , Chen Qi‐Zhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrediction of tropical cyclones (TCs) beyond a week is challenging but of great importance for disaster prevention and mitigation. We propose a hybrid machine learning (ML)/physics‐based modeling framework to extend TC forecasts to 2 weeks. This framework integrates a recently launched ML‐based global weather prediction model (Pangu) and the high‐resolution physics‐based regional weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The Pangu model shows promise in enhancing the accuracy of predictions for large‐scale circulation and TC tracks, while the high‐resolution WRF model is capable of capturing the core processes underlying TC evolution. To capitalize on the complementary strengths of both the Pangu and WRF models in predicting TCs, the framework comprises three key components: downscaling the Pangu model using the WRF model, adjusting large‐scale circulation through spectral nudging driven by the Pangu model forecasts, and updating sea surface temperature using an ocean mixed‐layer model. These components also ensure the framework's feasibility for real‐time TC forecasting. The prediction skill of the framework has been demonstrated for five long‐lived TCs across various basins from 2018 to 2023. Results indicate that the hybrid ML/physics‐based modeling framework decreased the 2‐week mean TC track and intensity errors by 59% and 32% compared to the global numerical weather prediction models, by 2% and 59% compared to the ERA5‐driven Pangu model, and by 32% and 23% compared to the ERA5‐driven WRF model, respectively. This implies that the framework has great potential to be used for 2‐week extended prediction of TCs.