bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein aggregation in plant mitochondria lacking Lon1 inhibits translation and induces unfolded protein responses
Authors: Song Ce , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Mengmeng , Li Tiantian , Hou Yuqi , Liu Yinyin , Xu Chang , Liu Jinjian , Millar A. Harvey , Wang Ningning , Li Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLoss of Lon1 led to stunted plant growth and accumulation of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins including Lon1 substrates. However, an in‐depth label‐free proteomics quantification of mitochondrial proteins in lon1 revealed that the majority of mitochondrial‐encoded proteins decreased in abundance. Additionally, we found that lon1 mutants contained protein aggregates in the mitochondrial that were enriched in metabolic enzymes, ribosomal subunits and PPR‐containing proteins of the translation apparatus. These mutants exhibited reduced general mitochondrial translation as well as deficiencies in RNA splicing and editing. These findings support the role of Lon1 in maintaining a functional translational apparatus for mitochondrial‐encoded gene translation. Transcriptome analysis of lon1 revealed a mitochondrial unfolded protein response reminiscent of the mitochondrial retrograde signalling dependent on the transcription factor ANAC017. Notably, lon1 mutants exhibited transiently elevated ethylene production, and the shortened hypocotyl observed in lon1 mutants during skotomorphogenesis was partially alleviated by ethylene inhibitors. Furthermore, the short root phenotype was partially ameliorated by introducing a mutation in the ethylene receptor ETR1. Interestingly, the upregulation of only a select few target genes was linked to ETR1‐mediated ethylene signalling. Together this provides multiple steps in the link between loss of Lon1 and signalling responses to restore mitochondrial protein homoeostasis in plants.
Effects of adult diet on the longevity, fecundity and ovarian development of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Authors: Pan Qinjian , Ang Yang , Shikano Ikkei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important migratory pest in Asia. While many lepidopteran species are known to enhance adult life history by obtaining supplementary nutrition, little is known about the effects of adult diet on C. medinalis. We first examined the effects of offering five dilutions of honey solution (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) on the longevity, fecundity and ovary development of adult C. medinalis. We then compared the effects of 10% honey solution to 25% glucose solution, which was previously reported to be the best adult diet for C. medinalis. We found that adult male and female C. medinalis fed 5%–20% honey solution lived significantly longer than those fed just water. Importantly, a honey–based diet accelerated and increased ovary development and prolonged the oviposition period, leading to higher fecundity. More specifically, females fed 5%–15% honey solution had the highest fecundity, followed by 20% honey solution, and the lowest when fed only water. In addition, the oviposition rate was 100% in females fed 10% and 15% honey solution. When we compared 10% honey solution to 25% glucose solution, those fed honey solution had significantly higher estimated female performance, which is a composite measure consisting of fecundity, percentage of egg‐laying females and percentage of eggs that hatched. Overall, our findings indicate that adult diet quality significantly impacts C. medinalis performance and that using a 10%–15% honey solution is optimal for mass‐rearing under laboratory conditions.
Glycine tabacina, native to Australia, is an alternate host of Erysiphe diffusa causing powdery mildew on soybean
Authors: Kelly Lisa A. , Ahmad Aftab , Dahanayaka Buddhika A. , Dearnaley John D. W. , Vaghefi Niloofar , Kiss Levente 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe diffusa, is an emerging pathogen in Australian soybean crops. Since its initial detection in 2012, the disease has been observed every season in soybean paddocks throughout Australia. It is not known how E. diffusa survives between soybean cropping seasons in the Australian environment. This study identified the native Glycine species, G. tabacina, as an alternate host for E. diffusa in Australia. G. tabacina specimens naturally infected with powdery mildew were collected and the pathogen was identified based on morphological characters and nrDNA ITS and MCM7 sequences. Cross‐inoculation experiments demonstrated that the E. diffusa isolates infecting G. tabacina in the field were pathogenic to soybean. This study is the first to report E. diffusa on G. tabacina in Australia. As a perennial native often found in the vicinity of the annual soybean crops, G. tabacina can easily serve as an alternate host for E. diffusa and could be an example of a host range expansion in this powdery mildew species. Weed control in soybean crops, with special attention to the removal of the native Glycine species, may be an option for powdery mildew management for Australian soybean growers.
Wie institutionelle Hürden die soziale Selektivität der Wahl verschärfen: Das Beispiel von Formfehlern bei der Briefwahl
Authors: Nyhuis Dominic , Harmening Morten , Swalve Tilko 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Beliebtheit der Briefwahl untersucht diese Arbeit mögliche negative Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklung auf die Zusammensetzung der Wählerschaft. Da die Briefwahl komplexer ist als die Urnenwahl, bestehen bei der Briefwahl mehr Fehlerquellen, die zum Ausschluss des Wahlbriefes führen können. Dabei trifft die höhere Fehleranfälligkeit der Briefwahl die Wählerschaft jedoch nicht gleichermaßen, sondern führt wahrscheinlicher zum Ausschluss von Wahlbriefen in sozial benachteiligten Wählerschichten und trägt somit zu einer Verschärfung der bestehenden sozialen Selektivität der Wahlteilnahme bei. Eine empirische Analyse von kleinräumigen Daten aus der Stadt Bremen bekräftigt diese Erwartung.
The HD‐ZIP IV transcription factor GLABRA2 acts as an activator for proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula seed coat
Authors: Gu Zhiqun , Zhou Xin , Li Shuangshuang , Pang Yongzhen , Xu Yiteng , Zhang Xue , Zhang Jing , Jiang Hongjiao , Lu Zhichao , Wang Hongfeng , Han Lu , Bai Shiqie , Zhou Chuanen 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYProanthocyanidins (PAs), a group of flavonoids, are found in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed coats of many plant species. PAs are primarily composed of epicatechin units in the seed coats of the model legume species, Medicago truncatula. It can be synthesized from two separate pathways, the leucoanthocyanidin reductase (MtLAR) pathway and the anthocyanidin synthase (MtANS) pathway, which produce epicatechin through anthocyanidin reductase (MtANR). These pathways are mainly controlled by the MYB–bHLH–WD40 (MBW) ternary complex. Here, we characterize a class IV homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐ZIP IV) transcription factor, GLABRA2 (MtGL2), which contributes to PA biosynthesis in the seed coat of M. truncatula. Null mutation of MtGL2 results in dark brown seed coat, which is accompanied by reduced PAs accumulation and increased anthocyanins content. The MtGL2 gene is predominantly expressed in the seed coat during the early stages of seed development. Genetic and molecular analyses indicate that MtGL2 positively regulates PA biosynthesis by directly activating the expression of MtANR. Additionally, our results show that MtGL2 is strongly induced by the MBW activator complexes that are involved in PA biosynthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that MtGL2 acts as a novel positive regulator in PA biosynthesis, expanding the regulatory network and providing insights for genetic engineering of PA production.
Applications of higher‐dimensional Heegaard Floer homology to contact topology
Authors: Colin Vincent , Honda Ko , Tian Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to set up the general framework of higher‐dimensional Heegaard Floer homology, define the contact class, and use it to give an obstruction to the Liouville fillability of a contact manifold and a sufficient condition for the Weinstein conjecture to hold. We discuss several classes of examples including those coming from analyzing a close cousin of symplectic Khovanov homology and the analog of the Plamenevskaya invariant of transverse links.
Complete genome sequences of
Thermus thermophilus
strains isolated from Shirahama Hot Spring in Japan
Authors: Takafuji Yuki , Fischer Tim , Miyazaki Kentaro , Honda Kohsuke 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

We isolated six
Thermus thermophilus
strains from Shirahama Hot Spring in Japan. Complete genome sequences, determined by combining Oxford Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequence data, revealed that they showed >99.9% average nucleotide identities with each other and approximately 97% to the genome of the type strain HB8
T
.
Dysbiotic alteration in the fecal microbiota of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Chen Ke , Geng Huafeng , Ye Cong , Liu Junbao 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease associated with high androgen and infertility. The gut microbiota plays an important role in metabolic diseases including obesity, hyperglycemia, and fatty liver. Although the gut microbiota has been associated with PCOS, little is known about the gut microbial structure and function in individuals with PCOS from Northeast China. In this study, 17 PCOS individuals and 17 age-matched healthy individuals were recruited for community structure and function analysis of the gut microbiota. The results showed that PCOS individuals have reduced diversity and richness of the gut microbiota compared with healthy individuals. Beta diversity analysis showed that the community structure of the gut microbiota of individuals with PCOS was significantly separated from healthy individuals. At the phylum level, PCOS individuals have reduced
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroidota
and increased
Actinobacteriota
and
Proteobacteria
compared with healthy individuals. At the family and genus levels, the composition of the gut microbiota between PCOS patients and healthy individuals was also significantly different. In addition, PICRUSt2 showed that individuals with PCOS have different microbial functions in the gut compared with healthy individuals. We finally confirmed that
Bifidobacterium
was enriched in the fecal samples of PCOS patients, while other 11 genera including
Bacteroides
,
UCG_002
,
Eubacterium__coprostanoligenes_group_unclassified
,
Dialister
,
Firmicutes_unclassified
,
Ruminococcus
,
Alistipes
,
Christensenellaceae_R_7_group
,
Clostridia_UCG_014_unclassified
,
Roseburia
, and
Lachnospiraceae_unclassified
were depleted compared with healthy individuals. These results indicate that individuals with PCOS have altered community structure and functions of the gut microbiota, which suggests that targeting the gut microbiota might be a potential strategy for PCOS intervention.

IMPORTANCE
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the development of PCOS. There is a complex and close interaction between PCOS and gut microbiota. The relationship between the pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of PCOS and the structure and function of the gut microbiota needs further investigation.
Health-related quality of life outcomes reporting associated with FDA approvals in haematology and oncology
Authors: Gupta Medhavi , Akhtar Othman Salim , Bahl Bhavyaa , Mier-Hicks Angel , Attwood Kristopher , Catalfamo Kayla , Gyawali Bishal , Torka Pallawi 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes are important in making clinical and policy decisions. This study aimed to examine the HRQoL reporting in cancer drug trials leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals.Methods and analysisThis retrospective cohort study analysed HRQoL data for trials leading to FDA approvals between July 2015 and May 2020. Proportion of included trials that reported HRQoL, latency between FDA approval and first report of HRQoL data, HRQoL outcomes, and their correlation with OS (overall survival) and PFS (progression-free survival) were analysed.ResultsOf the 233 trials associated with 207 FDA approvals, HRQoL was reported in 50% of trials, of which only 42% had the data reported by the time of FDA approval. There were no changes in frequency of HRQoL reporting between 2015 and 2020. HRQoL data were first reported in the primary publication in only 30% trials. Of the 115 trials with HRQoL data available, HRQoL improved in 43%, remained stable in 53% and worsened in 4% of trials. Among the trials that led to FDA approvals based on surrogate endpoints (79%), HRQoL was reported in 45% and improved only in 18% trials. There was no association between OS and PFS benefit and HRQoL outcomes.ConclusionRates of HRQoL reporting were suboptimal in trials that led to FDA approvals with no improvements seen between 2015 and 2020. HRQoL reporting was often delayed and not presented in the primary publication. HRQoL reporting was further sparse in trials with approvals based on surrogate endpoints and HRQoL improved in only a minority of them.
Are adverse events higher among patients with acute optic neuritis prescribed glucocorticoids? A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: De Lott Lindsey B. , Brennan Benjamin , Wallace Beth , Kerber Kevin , Burke James F , Roslin Chloe , Terman Samuel , Andrews Chris , Waljee Akbar K , Banerjee Mousumi 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveOptic neuritis (ON) is an acute focal inflammation of the optic nerve routinely treated with glucocorticoids. We aimed to compare adverse events (AE) among glucocorticoid-treated and untreated patients in the real world to guide clinical decision making about treatment tradeoffs.DesignRetrospective, longitudinal cohort study.SettingClaims study from a large, private insurer in the USA (2005–2019).ParticipantsAdults≥18 years old with ≥1 ICD9/10 ON diagnosis with an evaluation/management visit code, and ≥6 months continuous enrolment prior to and following ON diagnosis.InterventionGlucocorticoid prescription exposure.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was any AE within 90 days of glucocorticoid prescription. Secondary outcome was AE assessment by severity. Generalised estimating equations with logit link assessed relationships between glucocorticoid prescription and AEs. High-dimensional propensity score analyses accounted for potential confounding (eg, sociodemographics and comorbidities). Sensitivity analyses restricted the cohort to high-dose prescriptions (≥100 mg prednisone equivalent, injection/infusion), AEs within 30 days, highly specific ON definition and traditional propensity score match.ResultsOf the 14 311 people with 17 404 ON claims, 66.3% were women (n=9481), predominantly White (78.2%; n=9940), with median age (IQR)=48 (37,60) years. Within 90 days of the claim, 15.7% (n=2733/17 404) were prescribed glucocorticoids. The median (IQR) prescription duration=10 (6,20) days. Any and severe AEs were higher among patients prescribed glucocorticoids versus none (any AEs: n=437/2733 (16.0%) vs n=1784/14 671 (12.2%), adjusted OR 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.50); severe AEs: n=72/2733 (2.6%) vs n=273/14 671 (1.9%), adjusted OR 1.82 (95% CI: 1.37 to 2.35)). Sensitivity analyses were similar.ConclusionsReal-world glucocorticoid prescriptions among ON patients were short-term, associated with a 30% relative increase in potentially serious AEs captured within healthcare encounters, including those not previously observed, such as VTE. These results can inform treatment decisions, particularly for ON patients likely to experience only marginal benefits.
Characteristics and feedback of adult survivors of childhood cancer seen in Swiss comprehensive follow-up clinics led by general internists: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tinner Eva Maria Eugenia , Dogan Oezcan , Boesing Maria , Roser Katharina , Michel Gisela , Minder Anna-Elisabeth , Maier Sabrina , Bayha Marinela , Affolter Helene , Baumgartner Christine , Meienberg Fabian , Kuehni Claudia , Rössler Jochen , Wertli Maria M , Leuppi Jörg D 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesIn our study, we aimed to characterise adult childhood cancer survivors (ACCS), assess their health issues, gauge health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and evaluate visit satisfaction.DesignProspective cohort study using data from clinical visits and questionnaires.SettingInterdisciplinary follow-up programme for ACCS based on the long-term follow-up (LTFU) guidelines of the Children’s Oncology Group and overseen by internists in two Swiss hospitals.ParticipantsACCS attending our LTFU clinics between April 2017 and January 2022 were eligible.InterventionsWe documented medical history, current health status and assessed HRQOL using Short Form-36 V.2, comparing it with Swiss general population (SGP) norms (T mean=50, SD=10; age stratified). 3 months post visit, a feedback questionnaire was distributed.Main resultsAmong 102 ACCS (mean age: 32 years (range: 18–62 years), 68% women), 43 had no prior follow-up (36 ACCS>28 years, 7 ACCS≤28 years). A notable 94% had health issues, affecting an average of 6.1 (SD=3.3) organ systems. HRQOL was lower in ACCS>28 years than the SGP>28 years (physical: 44.8 (SD=11.65) vs 49.3 (SD=10.29), p=0.016; mental: 44.4 (SD=13.78) vs 50.53 (SD=9.92), p=0.004). Older ACCS (>28 years) reported inferior physical (44.8 vs 50.1 (SD=9.30), p=0.017) and mental HRQOL (44.4 vs 50.3 (SD=7.20), p=0.009) than younger ACCS. The majority of respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with the consultation, exceeding 90%.ConclusionACCS attending LTFU clinics face diverse health issues impacting multiple organ systems and exhibit lower HRQOL compared with the SGP. Thus, internist-led LTFU clinics are crucial for optimising follow-up care.
Gender-sensitive community weight-loss programmes to address overweight and obesity in men: a scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Dieu , Liu Yutong , Kavanagh Shane A , Archibald Daryll 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo examine how gender-sensitive community weight-loss programmes have been used to address overweight and obesity in men and to identify what can be learnt from this rapidly evolving field.DesignScoping review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review checklist for reporting.Data sourcesA database search was conducted using EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Global Health, Health Source: Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition and Medline Complete), Google, Google Scholar, Open Access Theses and Dissertations platform and Scopus.Eligibility criteriaAll weight-loss programmes using a gender-sensitive approach to address men’s overweight and obesity in community settings.Data extraction and synthesisNarrative synthesis was conducted based on the research questions and objectives. Primary outcomes include operationalisation, context and concept of the gender-sensitive approach. Information was reviewed and extracted to Microsoft Excel by two reviewers.ResultsA total of 40 studies (28 quantitative, eight mixed methods and four qualitative) were identified from 4617 records. Gender-sensitive approaches were undertaken in a range of settings and contexts including professional sports clubs (n=21), non-professional sporting clubs (n=16), workplace-based (n=2) and commercial organisation-based (n=1). The most common analysis approaches were evaluating the effect of the programmes (n=31) where positive impact was predominantly shown (eg, up to 3.9 kg weight reduction at 3-month follow-up). Programmes (ie, Football Fans in Training) were short-term cost-effective (eg, the cost was £862–£2228 per 5% weight reduction at 12-month follow-up). Qualitative evidence highlights factors that influenced men’s participation (eg, camaraderie) and identifies areas for improvement.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that gender-sensitive programmes for men’s weight loss have been effectively applied using a range of different approaches and in a range of different contexts. Further evidence is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the programmes across diverse groups of men.
Social media use and anxiety levels among school adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Nishika , Rajbhandari Anuja 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionExcessive social media (SM) usage is the foremost factor contributing to anxiety. While these platforms facilitate connection and entertainment, their overuse can negatively impact adolescents' mental well-being. The study aimed to evaluate both SM usage and levels of anxiety while assessing potential associations between the two.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 401 school-age adolescents (14–17 years) in grades 9 and 10 through self-administered questionnaires. Kruskal-Wallis test was used as a non-parametric test to compare the groups, and ordinal logistic regression was used to model the relationship between ordinal dependent and independent variables.ResultsThe study reported high SM usage (43.6% spent 4–8 hours daily). Females and grade 9 students were more prone to severe anxiety (45.2% and 34.3%, respectively). Despite privacy concerns (93.3%), 37.9% shared their accounts. Severe anxiety was prevalent (35.4%), with males exhibiting less odds of severe anxiety compared with females (OR=0.37, p value <0.001) and higher usage frequency and duration associated with increased anxiety (p<0.001 in the Kruskal-Wallis test). Those dependent on SM had 1.15 times higher odds of severe anxiety, while those not taking breaks showed lesser anxiety (OR=0.89, β=−0.10).ConclusionsInvolvement of adolescents in SM is associated with their anxiety levels, with factors like gender, usage patterns, and behaviours on these platforms playing important roles. This emphasises the need to understand how SM affects mental well-being and highlights the impact of their usage behaviours and concerns about privacy.