bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peut-on recourir à la politique budgétaire ? Est-ce souhaitable ?
Authors: Solow Robert M. 
Published: January 2013

Vouées aux gémonies à partir des années 1980, les politiques de relance font aujourd’hui leur grand retour en force pour endiguer la récession générée par la crise des subprimes . Dès 2002, Robert Solow, prix Nobel d’économie en 1987 pour ses travaux sur la croissance, contestait la critique de la relance des Nouveaux Classiques en prônant un usage des stabilisateurs automatiques. Redécouvrir cette conférence prononcée par Solow devant le Congrès mondial de l’Association internationale des sciences économiques nous semble alors particulièrement opportun.
Aux frontières du travail
Authors: Martinache Igor 
Published: January 2013

Le dossier que nous vous proposons a été inspiré par le colloque « Travail, identité, métier : quelles métamorphoses ? », qui s’est tenu au Collège de France au mois de juin dernier, dont une partie était précisément consacrée aux « frontières du travail ». En sciences sociales, définir le travail est sans doute l’un des exercices les plus difficiles qui soit. Cela tient à la mutation continue des activités susceptibles d’en relever, mais aussi et surtout au fait que cette reconnaissance est l’enjeu de luttes sociales profondes. Autrement dit, elle constitue une question éminemment politique.
Les surveillants de prison : marges du travail, travail sur les marges
Authors: Malochet Guillaume 
Published: January 2013

On peut considérer qu’il existe trois façons de définir et d’analyser le travail : par ses institutions, par ses modes d’organisation et par les expériences de ceux qui le réalisent. En effet, le travail est encadré par des institutions juridiques et administratives, régulé par des principes organisationnels concrets et réalisé par des individus qui vivent cette expérience de façons diverses. Pour chacune de ces dimensions, il est possible de mettre en évidence les frontières entre travail et non-travail et les marges de manœuvre qui en résultent pour les individus. C’est ce que montre cet article à partir de l’exemple des surveillants de prison.
Après le journal, les journalistes
Authors: Assouline Pierre , Bougnoux Daniel , Debray Régis , Merzeau Louise 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Tenir un blog, écrire des livres, intervenir comme journaliste : ces modes n’ont rien d’incompatible, comme en témoigne Pierre Assouline. Les temps, les formats, les styles, les publics, ne sont pas les mêmes, mais le blogueur-écrivain peut dire lui aussi que « ceci fécondera cela ».
Vos papiers !
Authors: Perrin-Dinville Daniel 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Livret de famille, factures, quittances de loyer, relevés de compte, avis d’imposition : que de papier(s) pour relever les traces de notre existence ! Mais toute cette paperasse ne saurait plus longtemps nous encombrer : un ordinateur, une imprimante, un scanner, le tout connecté à un blockhaus informatique, et la dématérialisation peut commencer.
Paroles d'entreprises
Authors: Bordeau Jeanne 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les idées ne voyagent pas toutes seules, sans risque de se voir dépouiller en chemin de leur seul bagage à valeur déclarée : le sens. L’intégrité sémantique requiert des (a)ménagements. Jeanne Bordeau, qui a fondé et dirige l’Institut de la qualité de l’expression y convie les entreprises et autres institutions. Au-delà, ou plutôt en deçà de l’envahissante communication, nous lui avons demandé de nous entretenir du langage et des discours d’entreprise.
Mel Bochner : la peinture sous tension
Authors: Corbel Laurence 
Published: January 2013

Résumé En juin 2010, lors de l’exposition organisée par la galerie Nelson-Freeman à Paris, on pouvait découvrir une série d’œuvres inédites de Mel Bochner : loin de ses travaux des années soixante et soixante-dix proches de l’art conceptuel, ces tableaux de mots, qui ne sacrifient rien à la matérialité de la peinture, marquent un véritable tournant dans l’œuvre de Bochner. Cet article se propose de suivre la ligne des transformations que trace cette exploration de la peinture depuis maintenant plus de deux décennies : comment Bochner a-t-il mis ses stratégies conceptuelles à l’épreuve du médium pictural ?
Le pop art américain : répétition ou différence
Authors: Dauphin Didier 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Que cela soit dans l’approche d’Arthur Danto ou dans celle de Jean Baudrillard, le pop’art américain a souvent été assimilé à une reproduction à l’identique par la peinture d’images empruntées au flux médiatique de la culture de masse. En donnant « droit de cité » dans le domaine du Grand-Art à des photographies de presse, des images publicitaires ou bien à celles de comics bon marché, le pop’art américain aurait ouvert la voie à une expression artistique enfin libérée de toutes normes, y compris celles de l’exigence ou de l’authenticité qui pouvaient encore animer les déjà trop vieilles avant-gardes modernistes. Il aurait ainsi favorisé une prolifération sans limite des possibles ou bien une équivalence généralisée de tous les systèmes de signes visuels. À l’encontre de ces approches, nous nous proposons de montrer que cette révolution du pop’art américain n’est pas tant la recherche d’une indiscernabilité que celle d’un meilleur discernement.
Les réformes de l'aide internationale américaine au banc d'essai : le cas afghan
Authors: Frumin Amy B. , ae Poortère Aurélie 
Published: January 2013

En mai 2010, l’équipe du président Obama a laissé filtrer un avant-projet de la Directive d’étude présidentielle 7 (PSD 7), intitulé « une nouvelle feuille de route pour le développement mondial ». La PSD 7 en appelle à une politique de développement réfléchie, une nouvelle approche et restructuration de l’aide internationale. Vu du terrain, une réforme est la bienvenue. Toutefois, une réforme de fond implique nécessairement une redéfinition de la relation entre le Congrès et USAID. Si cet article plaide pour une telle réforme, il met aussi l’accent sur l’urgence d’une réforme des acteurs et des activités de développement sur le terrain, en priorité en Afghanistan. L’auteur recommande la mise en œuvre en Afghanistan d’un des principes contenus dans chacun des piliers de la réforme préconisée par la PSD 7. Cela permettrait non seulement de démontrer la viabilité de ces piliers, mais aussi de stabiliser la situation en Afghanistan.
Comparison of 99mTc- Ethylene Dicysteine and 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scintigraphy for the Evaluation of Cortical Scarring and Differential Renal Function in Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Rao KLN , Mittal BR , Raja Senthil , Pareek Vipul , Singh Baljinder , Sharma Sarika 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common and severe bacterial infection in children. Renal scarring and associated deterioration in the differential renal function is a frequent finding. Scarring may occur even in asymptomatic patients without vesicoureteric reflux.

Materials and methods
Fifty-three children (43 M:10 F, mean age:5.3 years; range 2-10 years) with evidence of recurrent UTI were enrolled in the study. Patients with duplex or crossed fused ectopic kidneys and with acute or chronic renal failure were excluded from the study protocol. Each patient underwent 99mTc-DMSA and 99mTc-EC renal scintigraphy within a period of 2 weeks.

Results
Analysis of results was performed by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the summed 99mTc-EC and 99mTc-DMSA images for the detection of renal cortical scars and correlation (linear regression analysis) between the two renal scintigraphic procedures for the estimation of differential renal function. 99mTc-DMSA imaging demonstrated scarring in 41 kidneys whereas 99mTc-EC scintigraphy revealed scarring in 29/41 kidneys only. The percentage function of both kidneys with 99mTc-EC and 99mTc-DMSA showed good correlation. The r2 for left kidney was 0.95 and for right kidney was 0.94.

Conclusion
99mTc-EC scintigraphy has low sensitivity (70%) for the detection of cortical scarring as compared to 99mTc-DMSA (100%) renal imaging. On the hand, 99mTc-DMSA static imaging gives good estimate for the DRF and the values are in good agreement with the corresponding values derived from dynamic 99mTc-EC scanning.

How to cite this article
Raja S, Pareek V, Singh B, Sharma S, Rao KLN, Mittal BR. Comparison of 99mTc-Ethylene Dicysteine and 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scintigraphy for the Evaluation of Cortical Scarring and Differential Renal Function in Children with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):183-186.
Steroid Responsive Parenchymal Lung Involvement and Acute Renal Failure in a Patient with Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Lal Anupam , Singh Surjit , Kumar Susheel , Sharma Aman , Goyal Palvi , Law Arjun D 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Relapsing polychondritis is a multisystem disorder affecting cartilaginous structures like ear, nose, laryngotracheal tree and proteogylcan rich structures like eyes. Kidney involvement has also been reported in the absence of associated conditions like SLE and vasculitides but parenchymal lung involvement has not been reported in the English literature. One such case of relapsing polychondritis who had parenchymal lung involvement with respiratory failure, renal failue and pancytopenia is described. All these complications recovered with institution of corticosteroids.

How to cite this article
Sharma A, Kumar S, Goyal P, Law AD, Lal A, Singh S. Steroid Responsive Parenchymal Lung Involvement and Acute Renal Failure in a Patient with Relapsing Polychondritis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):198-201.
Macular Detachment Associated with an Optic Pit: Optical Coherence Tomography Patterns and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Skaat Alon , Moroz Iris , Moisseiev Joseph 
Published: January 2013

Purpose TO describe the different optical coherence tomography (OCT) patterns in macular detachment associated with an optic disc pit and their long-term evolution following vitrectomy. Methods The data of 5 patients (9–43 years of age) with unilateral macular detachment associated with an optic disc pit, who had at least 1 year of follow-up, were compiled. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with gas tamponade was performed as the primary procedure in all patients. The OCT scans, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anatomic outcomes were documented. Results Two main OCT patterns were identified: a multilayer schisis pattern and a serous detachment pattern. Patients with multilayer schisis pattern were older and demonstrated worse mean preoperative (20/160) and postoperative (20/50) BCVA compared to serous detachment pattern patients (20/30 and 20/20, respectively). An average of 2.3 procedures per patient was needed in the multilayer schisis pattern compared to just one procedure in the serous detachment pattern. In 3 patients, additional pneumatic retinopexy was performed with full resolution of the subretinal fluid achieved. Conclusions Two distinct OCT patterns were observed in eyes with macular detachments with an optic pit, with different clinical features and prognoses. Excellent final visual acuity was obtained in all eyes, including those that required several surgical procedures.
Potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Orban M. , Massberg S. , Sibbing D. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBlood platelets are highly activated in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This fact mandates the need for potent platelet inhibition in ACS patients and especially in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The 2nd generation thienopyridine clopidogrel has been the standard of treatment in the past. Due to its pharmacological properties including a delayed onset of action, a large response variability and an insufficient antiplatelet action in some patients (low responsiveness or high on-treatment platelet reactivity), there was a need to develop, to study and to introduce more potent agents with a fast, reliable and potent antiplatelet action. With the 3rd generation thienopyridine prasugrel and with ticagrelor two potent agents for antiplatelet treatment of ACS patients are available now. Both drugs have demonstrated their superiority compared to clopidogrel in terms of thrombotic risk reduction in large-scale randomized trials. However, for these agents and in line with the expectations towards a more potent anti platelet treatment regimen, a higher risk for bleeding was observed for prasugrel and ticagrelor. Further on, the new anti platelet agents have their own and characteristic contraindications and numerous issues to be considered in clinical practice.This review aims to provide an overview on the state of the art P2Y12 receptor directed inhibition in ACS patients with a focus on patients undergoing a coronary stenting procedure.
Design and Society: Innovation Through Appropriation and Adaptation
Authors: Burry Mark 
Published: January 2013

Abstract‘To strive for a culture framed on great design is itself a fundamental innovation imperative.’ Here, Guest‐Editor Mark Burry poses the difficult question of how innovation might be achieved at a wider cultural level. How can society effectively seek to demand great design with confidence and authority? Burry looks specifically at the role of the design commissioner and the challenge of creating an overarching design system, as exemplified by the figure of Frank Pick, who in the first half of the 20th century steered London Underground's design identity, developing its enduring, highly distinctive graphics and architecture.
The Vitality of Matter and the Instrumentalisation of Life
Authors: Catts Oron , Zurr Ionat 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArtists and researchers Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr of SymbioticA, based at the School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology at the University of Western Australia, are internationally renowned as pioneers in the field of biological arts, challenging audiences with their tissue engineering projects. Catts and Zurr discuss how synthetic biology has increasingly become ‘the new frontier for exploitation’ and why there is currently ‘a resurgence of the application of engineering logic in the fields of the life sciences’ in which life itself becomes a raw material.
Differentiation in Vital Practice: An Analysis Using RMIT University of Technology and Design Interfaces With Architects
Authors: van Schaik Leon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOne of the most influential figures in architectural education and practice today, Leon van Schaik, Professor of Architecture (Chair of Innovation) at RMIT in Melbourne, has dedicated the last two decades of his career to the promotion of local and international architectural culture through design practice research and the commissioning of building. Here he describes how he has nurtured a research‐oriented approach through his engagement with a network of ‘vital’ practitioners worldwide who are interested in strong ideas and pushing the questioning of the status quo.
The Mothers of Invention
Authors: Daniell Tom 
Published: January 2013

AbstractJapan‐based architect and academic Tom Daniell puts out a call to architects, beseeching them not to lose sight of their role as creative inventors. Rather than being diverted into despair by the present confluence of ecological, economic and political crises, architects should be providing much needed optimism, thinking beyond the current situation with utopian visions. He challenges the view that future innovation is to be located in collective collaborations, regarding ‘true innovators’ to be individuals, such as Rem Koolhaas, Hernan Diaz Alonso or Philippe Rahm, who provide the essential entrepreneurial catalyst for the interaction of other people and ideas.
Crystallization and fracture behaviors of high‐density polyethylene/linear low‐density polyethylene blends: The influence of short‐chain branching
Authors: Shen Guanghao , Shen Hongwang , Xie Banghu , Yang Wei , Yang Mingbo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo commercial polyethylene samples, linear high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and branched linear low‐density polyethylene with almost the same molecular weight distribution but different contents of short‐chain branching (SCB) were melt blended based on the consideration of practical application. Dynamic rheology analysis indicated good compatibility of all the blends with different compositions. Common differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests and successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) treatment showed several interesting phenomena. First, without consideration of the effect of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution impact, co‐crystallization occurred at all ratios even the two components had a considerable difference in SCB distribution. Second, in SSA curves the area of the first two melting peaks, i.e., the amount of the thick lamellas of the two components showed an obvious positive deviation with the increase of HDPE content owing to the crystal perfection improved by the co‐crystallization. Essential Work of Fracture tests proved the co‐crystallization effects had a positive effect on the improvement of the resistance to crack propagation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of Isotope Substitution on Lattice and Spin‐Peierls‐Type Transition Features in One‐Dimensional Nickel Bis‐dithiolene Spin Systems
Authors: Yuan Guo‐Jun , Zhao Shun‐Ping , Wang Can , Liu Jian‐Lan , Ren Xiao‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFour new 1D spin‐Peierls‐type compounds, [D5]1‐(4′‐R‐benzyl)pyridinium bis(maleonitriledithiolato)nickelate ([D5]R‐Py; R=F, I, CH3, and NO2), were synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. These 1D compounds are isostructural with the corresponding non‐deuterated compounds, 1‐(4′‐R‐benzyl)pyridinium bis(maleonitriledithiolato)nickelate (R‐Py; R=F, I, CH3, and NO2). Compounds [D5]R‐Py and R‐Py (R=F, I, CH3, and NO2) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with uniform stacks of anions and cations in the high‐temperature phase and triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with dimerized stacks of anions and cations in the low‐temperature phase. Similar to the non‐deuterated R‐Py compounds, a spin‐Peierls‐type transition occurs at a critical temperature for each [D5]R‐Py compound; the magnetic character of the 1D S=1/2 ferromagnetic chain for [D5]F‐Py and the 1D S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain for others appear above the transition temperature. Spin‐gap magnetic behavior was observed for all of these compounds below the transition temperature. In comparison to the corresponding R‐Py compound, the cell volume is almost unchanged for [D5]F‐Py and shows slight expansion for [D5]R‐Py (R=I, CH3, and NO2) as well as an increase in the spin‐Peierls‐type transition temperature for all of these 1D compounds in the order of F>I≈CH3≈NO2. The large isotopic effect of nonmagnetic countercations on the spin‐Peierls‐type transition critical temperature, TC, can be attributed to the change in ω0 with isotope substitution.
Albumin is the main plasma binding protein for indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresyl sulfate
Authors: Viaene Liesbeth , Annaert Pieter , de Loor Henriette , Poesen Ruben , Evenepoel Pieter , Meijers Björn 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIndoxyl sulfate and p‐cresyl sulfate are two uremic retention solutes implicated in the uremic syndrome. Removal during dialysis is limited, mainly due to protein binding. Binding characteristics to healthy albumin have recently been characterized. Whether uremia alters the binding characteristics of albumin is currently unknown. Moreover, protein binding values previously determined with ultrafiltration are in sharp contrast to recently reported values based on microcalorimetry. In the present study, indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresyl sulfate binding were therefore quantified using both equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. Deming regression demonstrated good agreement between equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. Free serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate (+26.6%) and p‐cresyl sulfate (+19.7%) were slightly higher at body temperature compared with at room temperature. To investigate binding kinetics, the plasma of healthy individuals or hemodialysis patients was titrated with albumin solutions. Theoretical models of protein binding were fitted to observed titration curves. Binding coefficients of both toxins were highest in purified albumin, and were reduced from healthy to uremic plasma. In conclusion, the ultrafiltration–HPLC technique reliably measures free serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresyl sulfate. Albumin is the main binding protein, both in health and in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. Modeling suggests that albumin contains two binding sites for both toxins, a single high affinity binding site and a second low affinity binding site. The high affinity binding site accounts for at least 90% of overall binding. Competition for this binding site could be used to augment free solute concentrations during dialysis, thus improving epuration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid determination of isoamyl nitrite in pharmaceutical preparations by flow injection analysis with on‐line UV irradiation and luminol chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Kishikawa Naoya , Kondo Naoko , Amponsaa‐Karikari Abena , Kodamatani Hitoshi , Ohyama Kaname , Nakashima Kenichiro , Yamazaki Shigeo , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIsoamyl nitrite is used as a therapeutic reagent for cardiac angina and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning, but it is abused because of its euphoric properties. Therefore, a method to determine isoamyl nitrite is required in many fields, including pharmaceutical and forensic studies. In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of isoamyl nitrite was developed using a flow injection analysis system equipped with a chemiluminescence detector and on‐line photoreactor. This method is based on on‐line ultraviolet irradiation of isoamyl nitrite and subsequent luminol chemiluminescence detection without the addition of an oxidant. A linear standard curve was obtained up to 1.0 μM of isoamyl nitrite with a detection limit (blank + 3SD) of 0.03 μM. The method was successfully applied to determine isoamyl nitrite content in pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Marine Polyketide Myriaporone 3/4 Stalls Translation by Targeting the Elongation Phase
Authors: Muthukumar Yazh , Roy Myriam , Raja Aruna , Taylor Richard E. , Sasse Florenz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMyriaporone 3/4, a cytotoxic polyketide, has been reported as an inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis. However, the mechanism by which it inhibits translation was unknown. Here we show that myriaporone 3/4 stalls protein synthesis in the elongation phase by inducing phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2. The phosphorylation results from direct binding of myriaporone 3/4 to eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. Our study also shows that myriaporone 3/4 in the nanomolar range inhibits in vitro tube formation by endothelial cells without being cytotoxic. In general, myriaporone 3/4 was at least 300 times less toxic to primary cells than to tumor cells.
Organometallic Catalysts for Use in a Fuel Cell
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Kim Kyoungmok , Nakai Hidetaka , Hibino Takashi , Ogo Seiji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report the successful increase in performance of a fuel cell based on organometallic catalysis. An organometallic [NiIIRuIV] peroxo complex functions as cathode catalyst and was designed following mechanistic consideration of the cell. It was confirmed that the organometallic [NiIIRuIV] peroxo catalyst could function in the fuel cell with a 240 % increase in power output over our previous systems. This organometallic catalyst can act in both solid and solution phases and allows observation of the mechanism, hence providing us further opportunity for future improvement.