bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diffusion of CO2 From Carbonated Water (CW) Into the Oil – Experimental Observations
Authors: Peksa Anna E. , Wolf Karl-Heinz A. , Zitha Pacelli L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Carbonated Water Flooding (CWF), an alternative enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in which an oil reservoir is flooded with CO2-enriched water, can be considered as a promising solution for mobilization and recovery of residual oil in water wet rock. At the same time it is a possible mitigation option for an increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and an opportunity for permanent and safe disposal of CO2 underground. One of the important aspects of the CWF process is molecular diffusion of CO2 from carbonated water into oil (DCWO). The process benefits from oil viscosity reduction, an increase in oil relative permeability and, as a result, enhancement of oil mobility. In contrast to many previous studies on the diffusion of carbon dioxide directly into oil by CO2 flooding, DCWO characterization is underexposed in laboratory work and literature. In order to understand the distribution of the total dissolved CO2 between the coexisting phases water and oil, we examine DCWO in experiments by visualization of oil swelling and recovery over time.
To determine the phase behavior of the system, pore-scale diffusion experiments are conducted. In these experiments oil is initially placed in a dead-end pore and covered with water presumed to be from the first secondary recovery phase. Swelling of oil due to CO2 diffusion from a CO2 source, either a CW stream or a pure CO2 stream under P, T-conditions, have been recorded and visualized over time. As a result, pressure and oil-composition dependent, recovery of oil occurs. Based on the results we determined a dominant role of diffusion in the CW recovery process. Existence of ample contact time for water rupture was obtained. In the pore scale water barrier, its geometry (especially – the interfacial area) appears to be a limiting factor. At field scale, time in the range of hours does not play an important role in the overall recovery; however it is of importance for near well injection area.
The results and visualizations of the conducted experiments will contribute to a better understanding of processes such as molecular diffusion in CWF, which will occur. In addition, DCWO results lead to process improvements for achieving recovery in both laboratory core floods and in the field, with an option for CO2 sequestration.
Coil Tubing Furan Resin Sand Consolidation Treatment on Multi Layered Formation in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Keith Cheong Ing , Azman Aulfah , Wijoseno Danny Aryo , Kasim Mohamed Heikal , Ishak Mohd Fakhrurazi , Reduan Mohd Z. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Excessive sand production is the most common problem in both upstream & downstream processes in oil & gas production facilities. In Peninsular Malaysia, several methods were introduced to resolve this problem ranging from choke management, wellbore sand cleanout and even utilizing screen technology to keep the sand in the formation. However, all those methods are still not considered to be an effective solution to get a long lasting permanent result. By utilizing the furan resin as a sand consolidation treatment chemical, emphasis is given to solve the sand issues from the matrix formation side instead of focusing on the wellbore side as typically done. This results in a treatment that was previously almost impossible to execute but now ingeniously made possible. For every chemical treatment, the challenge lies in how to ensure it will effectively treat the targeted zone especially in multi layered formations which is a characteristic of most of Peninsular Malaysia’s fields.
This paper discusses the success story of this sand consolidation treatment utilizing Coil Tubing as a fluid conveyance tool combined with an inflatable packer to selectively treat the targeted zone. The furan resin properties will also be discussed as one of the key success factors in this sand control method for one of Malaysia’s most challenging fields.
A New Generation Reservoir Simulator and Its Application in a Mature Water-Flooding Oilfield
Authors: Li Qiaoyun , Wu Shuhong , Wang Baohua , Li Xiaobo , Li Hua , Zhang Jiqun , Meng Lixin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Reservoir numerical simulation, which interests a large amount of reservoir engineers, is an important tool in oilfield development researches. This paper introduces a new generation simulator, which can be used to simulate the traditional and pseudo-compositional reservoirs. This simulator adopts finite volume method, completely implicit time discretization technology (CITDT) and dynamic space discretization technology (DSDT). The multilevel preconditioner solver, which is applied in the simulator, can enhance the computation speed. In this paper, a mature heterogeneous water-flooding oilfield with 30a’s development history is simulated by this simulator. In the course of development, there are 242 producers and injectors drilled, and the exploitation strata-series are adjusted frequently. Currently the reservoir has entered the "double high" stage, more than 79% of recoverable reserves have been produced and the water-cut reaches to 90%. After history- matching and production prediction by this simulator, the results shows that this reservoir numerical simulator can be used to simulate the complex reservoirs with long development history and mounts of wells, and it can describe the production performance precisely. Moreover, the case study indicated that the new generation simulator is a fast and adaptable tool to simulate the complex reservoirs with large scale, which shows its high potentiality in industrial application.
Intra-oral mandibular sagittal osteotomy technique to correct mandibular distocclusion and mesio-occlusion
Authors: Gioso M. A. , Carvalho P. E. G. , Cunha F. P. , Martinez L. A. V. , Lemos L. S. , Carvalho V. G. G. 
Published: October 2013

SummarySkeletal malocclusions may be due to disturbances in the growth of the mandible or maxilla. In most cases, discomfort is the result of tooth-to-tooth malocclusion or tooth-to-softtissue contact. Currently, in veterinary medicine, these problems are treated palliatively. In humans, orthognathic surgery is indicated to correct severe skeletal malocclusions, offering aesthetic and functional benefits to the patients. This research evaluated the effects of an intra-oral mandibular sagittal split osteotomy in 20 dog cadavers with skeletal malocclusion. After sagittal osteotomy and mandibular repositioning, the osteotomies were fixed with titanium mini-plates and 1.5 mm diameter screws or 1.5 mm bicortical screws. The statistical analysis revealed a significant occlusion difference in the treated cadavers (Wilcoxon test, p <0.05). In 19/20 cadavers there was correction of the angular osteotomy while the mandibular alveolar vessels and nerve were preserved during osteotomy and fixation in all cadavers. In conclusion, intra-oral mandible sagittal osteotomy allowed correction of malocclusion in cadavers. However, it would be important to prepare a preoperative orthodontic-surgical treatment plan to obtain a satisfactory occlusion during the surgery in clinical patients.
DNA Interstrand Cross‐Link Formation Using Furan as a Masked Reactive Aldehyde
Authors: Carrette Lieselot L.G. , Gyssels Ellen , Madder Annemieke 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis unit describes a method for interstrand cross‐linking between a furan‐modified oligonucleotide and its unmodified complement. The synthesis of two furan‐modified phosphoramidites, selected based on high cross‐linking yield versus improved cross‐linking selectivity, is described. The methods allow gram‐scale synthesis starting from stable and readily available furan derivatives. Cross‐linking requires selective oxidation of the furan moiety to an aldehyde. The masked nature of the latter avoids undesired and off‐target reactions, resulting in clean and high‐yield cross‐link formation. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 54:5.12.1‐5.12.16. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Newcastle Disease Virus‐Like Particles: Preparation, Purification, Quantification, and Incorporation of Foreign Glycoproteins
Authors: McGinnes Lori W. , Morrison Trudy G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) are large particles, the size of viruses, composed of repeating structures that mimic those of infectious virus. Since their structures are similar to that of viruses, they have been used to study the mechanisms of virus assembly. They are also in development for delivery of molecules to cells and in studies of the immunogenicity of particle‐associated antigens. However, they have been most widely used for development of vaccines and vaccine candidates. VLPs can form upon the expression of the structural proteins of many different viruses. This chapter describes the generation and purification of VLPs formed with the structural proteins, M, NP, F, and HN proteins, of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Newcastle disease virus‐like particles (ND VLPs) have also been developed as a platform for assembly into VLPs of glycoproteins from other viruses. This chapter describes the methods for this use of ND VLPs. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 30:18.2.1‐18.2.21. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decentralized output feedback controller design for nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown control direction and time‐varying delays
Authors: Hua Changchun , Zhang Liuliu , Guan Xinping 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe decentralized output feedback control problem is considered for a class of large‐scale systems with unknown time‐varying delays. The uncertain interconnections are bounded by general nonlinear functions with unknown coefficients. The control direction parameters are unknown for each subsystem, which brings a challenging issue for decentralized controller design. To deal with this problem, we propose a new decentralized control scheme with the help of Nussbaum function. The decentralized filter is designed at first. By constructing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, we design the dynamic output feedback controller. It is rigorously proved that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable. Finally, the simulation is performed, and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive reconfigurable control of systems with time‐varying delay against unknown actuator faults
Authors: Yang Feisheng , Zhang Huaguang , Jiang Bin , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis work is concerned with the problem of delay‐dependent adaptive fault‐tolerant controller design against unknown actuator faults for linear continuous systems with time‐varying delay. Based on the online estimation of possible faults by discontinuous adaptation law, identification parameters of the adaptive state feedback controller are updated autonomously to compensate the fault effects on the delayed system. For the first time, a convex combination idea and a projection‐type adaptive approach are combined organically to derive the main results. A set of new delay‐dependent reconfigurable stabilization criteria, which guarantee the stability of closed‐loop systems in both fault‐free and faulty cases, is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Two numerical instances for linear delayed systems and the linearized model for the lateral motion of Boeing 747 are respectively simulated to illustrate the superiority and the effectiveness of the presented adaptive delay‐dependent results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the hepatic and intestinal biotransformation of 20(S)‐protopanaxadiol
Authors: Chiu Nga Ting Colette , Guns Emma S. Tomlinson , Adomat Hans , Jia William , Deb Subrata 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT20(S)‐Protopanaxadiol (aPPD), a ginseng sapogenin, has been shown to be a promising anti‐cancer compound and anti‐depressant agent. Although the bacterial biotransformation of ginsenosides has been studied thoroughly, few have reported on the cytochrome P450 (P450) mediated metabolism of aPPD. Taken orally, aPPD must first undergo absorption and metabolism in the intestine before further metabolism in the liver. The present study investigated the comparative biotransformation profile of aPPD in human intestinal microsomes (HIM) and human liver microsomes (HLM) and characterized the human P450 enzymes involved in aPPD metabolism. Three major monooxygenated metabolites and five minor dioxygenated metabolites were identified as the predominant products in aPPD incubations with HIM and HLM using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Reaction phenotyping studies were performed with a panel of specific P450 chemical inhibitors, antibody inhibition and human recombinant P450 enzymes. Ketoconazole, a CYP3A inhibitor, blocked the formation of oxygenated metabolites of aPPD in both HIM and HLM in a concentration dependent manner. Among the human recombinant P450 enzymes assayed, CYP3A4 exhibited the highest activity towards aPPD oxidative metabolite formation, followed by CYP3A5. In summary, the results have shown that aPPD is extensively metabolized by HIM and the metabolite profile following in vitro incubations is similar in HIM and HLM. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 isoforms are the predominant enzymes responsible for oxygenation of aPPD in HIM and HLM. The characterization of aPPD as a CYP3A substrate may facilitate better prediction of drug–herb interactions when aPPD is taken concomitantly with other therapeutic agents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concerted Electron/Proton Transfer Mechanism in the Oxidation of Phenols by Laccase
Authors: Galli Carlo , Madzak Catherine , Vadalà Raffaella , Jolivalt Claude , Gentili Patrizia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to assess structural requirements in the enzyme/substrate interactions that are responsible for tuning the enzymatic reactivity. To better assess the role of the aspartic residue in the substrate‐binding pocket of basidiomycete‐type laccases, we compared the catalytic efficiency of wild‐type enzymes to that of a mutant in which carboxylic acid residue Asp206 was changed to alanine. Oxidation efficiency towards phenolic substrates by laccases of Trametes villosa, Trametes versicolor and a T. versicolor D206A mutant was studied at two pH values. By the Hammett approach and Marcus analysis, we obtained unambiguous evidence that the oxidation takes place by a concerted electron/proton transfer (EPT) mechanism, and that at pH 5 (optimum pH for enzyme activity) the phenolic proton is transferred to Asp206 during the concerted electron/proton transfer process.
HCVAD plus imatinib or dasatinib in lymphoid blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Strati Paolo , Kantarjian Hagop , Thomas Deborah , O'Brien Susan , Konoplev Sergej , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Luthra Raja , Abruzzo Lynne , Jabbour Elias , Quintas‐Cardama Alfonso , Borthakur Gautam , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may progress to blast phase (BP) at the rate of 1% to 1.5% per year. With the use of single‐agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors, median overall survival ranges between 7 and 11 months.METHODSThe outcome was analyzed for 42 patients with lymphoid BP‐CML who were treated with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, dexamethasone (HCVAD) plus imatinib or dasatinib.RESULTSComplete hematological response was achieved in 90% of patients, complete cytogenetic remission in 58%, and complete molecular remission in 25%. Flow cytometry minimal residual disease negativity was achieved by 42% of evaluable patients after induction. Eighteen patients received allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) while in first complete hematological response. Median remission duration was 14 months and was longer among SCT recipients (P = .01) on multivariate analysis. Median overall survival was 17 months (range, 7‐27 months) and was longer among SCT recipients (P < .001) and patients treated with dasatinib (P = .07) on multivariate analysis. Although a high rate of hematologic toxicity (100%) and infectious complications (59%) were observed, the related rate of treatment discontinuation was low (7% and 9%, respectively).CONCLUSIONSHCVAD combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is an effective regimen for the management of BP‐CML, particularly when followed by allogeneic SCT. Cancer 2014;120:373–380 © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Wireless sensor networks with joint network–channel code optimization
Authors: Alaoui Nabih , Meghdadi Vahid , Cances Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2013

SummaryOptimization of large sensor network architecture in order to improve the overall system performance at the end processing station is an important challenge. Many architectures have been designed to optimize the bit error rate. Conventionally, this optimization is performed by inserting relays between sensors and destination. These relays insert redundant information by mixing the incoming streams from sensor nodes hence creating parity check information which is very useful to help decode the transmit information from sensors. The goal is to combine network and channel coding to match network on graph to code on graph, and this is called adaptive network coded cooperation. Compared with the previous works in the field, we propose a new transmit protocol based on the use of beamforming technique, which is very efficient in terms of throughput and is fully compatible with the physical network coding (PNC) principles. Furthermore, we propose a distributed coding scheme where the relay, the destination, and the sensors are all equipped with repeat accumulate (RA) channel code structures. The relay has a special RA structure to suit the need of the PNC multiple‐access channel. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinuclear Species versus Zigzag or Helical Polymers in Palladium, Zinc, and Copper Complexes with Ditopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands
Authors: Durá Gema , Carrión M. Carmen , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo new all‐nitrogen donor ditopic ligands, namely, p‐bis[bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]biphenyl (L3) and p‐bis[bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]biphenyl (L4), have been synthesized. Their coordination chemistry, along with that of the previously described ligands p‐bis[bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene (L1) and p‐bis[bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzene (L2), has been explored with different metallic fragments. The reactions of L1–L4 with PdCl2(PhCN)2, Pd(OAc)2 and Zn(NO3)2 led to the formation of dinuclear species with anti orientation of the metallic fragments and bis(bidentate) chelation of the coordinated ligands. The reactions of L1 or L3 with Cu(OAc)2 produced zigzag polymers with Cu2(OAc)4 paddle‐wheel units alternating with ligands that coordinate through one pyrazolyl ring at each end. The reaction between L3 and [Cu(CH3CN)4][BF4] leads to a helical racemic coordination polymer. The presence of methyl groups on the pyrazolyl rings and the geometry of the metal centres influence the parameters of the metallacycles formed by chelate coordination of the ligands. The discrete molecules and the polymers organize to give three‐dimensional structures through different noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, CH–π, anion–π and π–π interactions that are influenced by the presence or absence of methyl groups on the pyrazolyl rings.
Tracking leakage from a natural CO2 reservoir (Montmiral, France) through the chemistry and isotope signatures of shallow groundwater
Authors: Lions Julie , Humez Pauline , Pauwels Hélène , Kloppmann Wolfram , Czernichowski‐Lauriol Isabelle 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNatural accumulations and releases of CO2 provide the opportunity to study the CO2 trapping and migration mechanisms, the potential impacts of CO2 leaks, and the monitoring tools to assess the impacts of geological storage of anthropogenic CO2. Previous studies on the deep CO2 reservoir of Montmiral (France), focusing on soil gases, groundwater, as well as deep fluids, did not detect any signs of leaks and despite high CO2 fluxes suspiciously high δ13C values have not been stated. In order to further investigate whether some CO2 has leaked from the reservoir toward the surface, we focus here on the major and trace element geochemistry of the shallow aquifers overlying the reservoir with a special focus on the carbonate system, using isotope tracers potentially sensitive to leaks (δ13C of DIC, 87Sr/86Sr and stable isotopes of water). A forward modeling of the potential evolution of groundwater in case of leaks was performed, combining equilibrium calculations of the carbonate system and an ad hoc carbon isotope model. Most observed δ13C values are compatible with modeled carbonate dissolution under open or closed conditions with respect to CO2. A 13C‐enriched subset of samples shows clear signs of incongruent dissolution of Mg‐Sr‐calcite or dolomite, corroborated by 87Sr/86Sr ratios, so that mixing with isotopically heavy deep CO2 is not required to explain the observed chemical and isotope data. The absence of any sign of CO2 leakage into shallow groundwater would support the fact that the reservoir and caprock have been trapping the CO2 efficiently over millions of years.
Trajectories of quality of life in early‐stage dementia: individual variations and predictors of change
Authors: Clare Linda , Woods Robert T. , Nelis Sharon M. , Martyr Anthony , Marková Ivana S. , Roth Ilona , Whitaker Christopher J. , Morris Robin G. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundLittle evidence is available about how quality of life (QoL) changes as dementia progresses.ObjectivesWe explored QoL trajectories over a 20‐month period and examined what predicted change in QoL.MethodFifty‐one individuals with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, vascular or mixed dementia (people with dementia (PwD)) participating in the Memory Impairment and Dementia Awareness Study rated their QoL using the QoL‐Alzheimer's Disease Scale at baseline and at 20‐month follow‐up. PwD also rated their mood and quality of relationship with the carer. In each case, the carer rated his or her level of stress and perceived quality of relationship with the PwD.ResultsThere was no change in mean QoL score. Nearly one‐third of PwD rated QoL more positively at 20‐month follow‐up and nearly one‐third rated QoL more negatively. These changes could be regarded as reliable in one‐quarter of the sample. Participants taking acetylcholinesterase‐inhibiting medication at baseline were more likely to show a decline in QoL score. There were no other significant differences between those whose scores increased, decreased or stayed the same on any demographic or disease‐related variables, or in mood or perceived quality of relationship with the carer. Whereas baseline QoL score was the strongest predictor of QoL at 20 months, the quality of relationship with the carer as perceived by the PwD was also independently a significant predictor.ConclusionsThere is a degree of individual variation in QoL trajectories. Use of acetylcholinesterase‐inhibiting medication appears linked to decline in QoL score, whereas positive relationships with carers play an important role in maintaining QoL in early‐stage dementia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.