bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with a triazole‐bonded column for evaluation of d‐amino acid oxidase activity
Authors: Iwasaki Megumi , Kashiwaguma Yoshiyuki , Nagashima Chihiro , Izumi Mao , Uekusa Ayano , Iwasa Sumiko , Onozato Mayu , Ichiba Hideaki , Fukushima Takeshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElution profiles of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 7‐chlorokynurenic acid (Cl‐KYNA) were examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a triazole‐bonded stationary phase column (Cosmosil® HILIC) under isocratic elution of a mobile phase consisting of CH3CN–aqueous 10 mm ammonium formate between pH 3.0 and 6.0. The capacity factors of KYNA and Cl‐KYNA varied with both the CH3CN content and the pH of the mobile phase. The elution order of KYNA and Cl‐KYNA was reversed between the CH3CN‐ and H2O‐rich mobile phases, suggesting that hydrophilic interactions and anion‐exchange interactions caused retention of KYNA and Cl‐KYNA in the CH3CN‐ and H2O‐rich mobile phases, respectively. The present HPLC method using a triazole‐bonded column and fluorescence detection (excitation 250 nm, emission 398 nm) was applied to monitor in vitro production of KYNA from d‐kynurenine (d‐KYN) by d‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) using Cl‐KYNA as an internal standard. A single KYNA peak was clearly observed after enzymatic reaction of d‐KYN with DAO. Production of KYNA from d‐KYN was suppressed by the addition of commercial DAO inhibitors. The present HPLC method can be used to evaluate DAO activity and DAO inhibitory effects in candidate drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of fully automated quantitative capillary electrophoresis with high accuracy and repeatability
Authors: Xu Yuan , Ling Bang‐zan , Zhu Wen‐jun , Yao Dong , Zhang Lin , Wang Yan , Yan Chao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA quantitative capillary electrophoresis (qCE) was developed by utilizing a rotary type of nano‐volume injector, an autosampler, and a thermostat with cooling capacity. The accuracy and precision were greatly improved compared with conventional capillary electrophoresis. The 10 nL volume accuracy was guaranteed by the carefully designed nano‐injector with an accurate internal loop. The system repeatability (precision) in terms of RSD <0.5% for migration time and 1% for peak area were achieved by using DMSO as a test sample. We believe that this fully automated qCE system has the potential to be employed broadly in quality control and quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of offending trajectories in violent youth according to violence type
Authors: Ching Hannah , Daffern Michael , Thomas Stuart 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundWidespread public concern about youth violence persists, particularly the so‐called acts of appetitive violence characterised by positive affect and exemplified in modern trends such as ‘happy slapping’. Empirical research into this phenomenon is scant.AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether perpetration of appetitive violence signals a specific offending trajectory.MethodWe reviewed reports and related material from 105 violent young offenders referred to court mental health services in the state of Victoria, Australia. Index violent offences were categorised as appetitive or not. Official police records were used to determine rearrest during the 12 months following mental health assessment.ResultsThe nine young people whose offence was classified as appetitive were male and did not reoffend, generally or violently, at different rates than the other youths.ConclusionThe offending trajectories of young people with appetitively violent index offences were indistinguishable from other violent youths. There is thus insufficient information here to recommend distinctive intervention for this subgroup, but their high reoffending rate (7/9) suggests that they are worthy of more research attention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of New Aluminides Found in the ThT2Al20 Alloys (where T: Ti, V, Mn).
Authors: Bram Avraham I. , Venkert Arie , Meshi Louisa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThV2Al20, ThTi2Al20, ThMn2Al10, and pseudo‐binary Th3Al11(containing V traces) are discovered during the investigations on the Al‐rich corner of the Th‐M‐Al system (M: Ti, V, Mn) by arc melting, chill casting, and final annealing (800 °C, 3 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Properties and Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Bi11VO19 Nanoparticles with δ‐Bi2O3‐Structure.
Authors: Lu Yuting , Chen Luyang , Huang Yanlin , Cheng Han , Kim Sun Il , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBi11VO19 particles with an average size of ≈70 nm are fabricated by the Pechini method employing citrate complexation of Bi(NO3)3 and NH4VO3 neutralized by NH4OH (70 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hg5AsS2I3 — A Narrow‐Band‐Gap 2D Layered Compound with Different Trapped I‐Anions.
Authors: Liu Yong , Zeng Hui‐Yi , Liu Bin‐Wen , Wang Geng‐E , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHg5AsS2I3 is prepared by solid‐state reaction of a 3:1:1 molar mixture of Hg2I2, As, and S (pressed pellet, evacuated glass tube; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed (Z)‐β‐(Tosyloxy)alkenyl Iodide Synthesis from (Aryl)[(E)‐β‐(tosyloxy)alkenyl]iodonium Tosylates: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Mondal Keshab , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe treatment of iodonium tosylates (I) with a catalytic amount of CuCl leads to desired (Z)‐β‐(tosyloxy)alkenyl iodides (II), which are converted into tamoxifen intermediate (IV) and other trisubstituted alkenes (VII) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of cis‐Fused Cyclooctanoids via Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Lainhart Brendan C. , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract[4 + 2] Cycloadducts are formed as sideproducts in 23‐47% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Gold‐Catalyzed Selective Reductive Transformation of Quinolines with Formic Acid.
Authors: Tao Lei , Zhang Qi , Li Shu‐Shuang , Liu Xiang , Liu Yong‐Mei , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDepending on conditions (solvent system, temperature), either site‐selective reduction or regioselective reductive formylation of quinolines and isoquinoline can be achieved using rutil‐supported gold nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Arylsulfonylation of Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Shi Liangliang , Wang Hui , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the arylsulfonylation of N‐acryl‐N‐substituted benzenesulfonamides with arylsulfonic acids is developed using environmentally friendly oxygen in air as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Thiocyanate as Source of Cyanide for the Oxidative α‐Cyanation of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Wagner Alexander , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractKSCN is oxidized at the sulfur to produce a cyanide unit which is trapped by the co‐oxidized amines with formation of α‐aminonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of Quinones with Arenes Assisted by a Directing Group: Identification of Carbazole Quinones as GSKβ Inhibitors.
Authors: Moon Youngtaek , Jeong Yujeong , Kook Daehyuk , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe coupling products are useful precursors of carbazole quinones possessing GSKβ inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Suzuki Cross‐Couplings of Unactivated 1‐Fluoro‐1‐haloalkanes: Synthesis of Chiral β‐, γ‐, δ‐, and ε‐Fluoroalkanes.
Authors: Jiang Xiaojian , Gandelman Mark 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA general Ni‐catalyzed method for the asymmetric synthesis of fluoroalkanes from substituted 1‐fluoro‐1‐haloalkanes and 9‐alkyl‐BBN derivatives using a chiral 2,2′‐bipyrrolidine ligand is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylalkenylation of Furazano[3,4‐b]pyrazines via a New C—H Functionalization Protocol.
Authors: Kazin Nikita A. , Kvashnin Yuriy A. , Irgashev Roman A. , Dehaen Wim , Rusinov Gennady L. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe arylalkenylation reaction involves the Michael addition of morpholine to β‐nitrostyrenes, addition of the resulting carbanion to substrates (II), and subsequent elimination of nitrous acid and morpholine.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cs2CO3‐Promoted Arylation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds by (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes: Shifting the Reactivity of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes from Acetoxylation to Arylation.
Authors: Gou Quan , Zhang Zhao‐Fu , Liu Zhi‐Cheng , Qin Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractArylation of quinolinylamides is carried out using (diacetoxyiodo)benzenes in the presence of palladium as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Carbometalation of Nonfunctionalized Cyclopropenes Using Organozinc and Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Endo Kohei , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the Cu‐catalyzed carbometalation of various cyclopropenes is developed which provides access to functionalized cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Benzylation via Bis‐benzylpalladium(II) Complexes in Water: An Effective Pathway for the Direct Construction of N‐(1,2‐Diphenylethyl)anilines.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Izumi Kyoko , Ino Yukari , Kikkawa Shoko , Yokoyama Yuusaku , Azumaya Isao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel and efficient synthetic route to N‐(1,2‐diphenylethyl)anilines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Pd‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Fluorosulfonylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Yuan Zheliang , Wang Hao‐Yang , Mu Xin , Chen Pinhong , Guo Yin‐Long , Liu Guosheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed fluorosulfonylation of styrenes using substituted phenanthrolines as ligands, NFSI, and sulfinic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Sodium Carbonate: The Most Efficient Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline and Spiro[chromene‐4,3′‐indoline]‐3‐carbonitriles under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Shinde Vijay V. , Reddy Mudumala Veeranarayana , Kim Yong Hyun , Cho Byung Kwon , Jeong Yeon Tae 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe reactions can be performed at low catalyst loadings and show an excellent functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spirooxindole Pyrimidines Catalyzed by Silica‐Bonded N‐Propyltriethylenetetramine as a Recyclable Solid Base Catalyst in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Niknam Khodabakhsh , Abolpour Parisa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title compounds and related benzopyran derivatives are obtained by one‐pot three‐component condensation of isatin, activated methylene compounds, and barbituric acid or cyclohexanedione derivatives, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Exoselective 1,3‐Dipolar [3 + 6] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with 2‐Acylcycloheptatrienes: Stereoselectivity and Mechanistic Insight.
Authors: He Zhao‐Lin , Sheong Fu Kit , Li Qing‐Hua , Lin Zhenyang , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCycloheptatrienyl aryl, hetaryl, and alkyl methanones are successfully converted according to the title reaction with aryl, hetaryl, alkyl, and alkenyl imino esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric, Aldol/O‐Conjugate Addition Sequence for the Construction of Highly Substituted Furanoids.
Authors: Calter Michael A. , Korotkov Alexander 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe novel, enantioselective approach to highly functionalized dihydrofurans is based on the reaction between 2‐ene‐1,4‐diketones with dimedone.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide and Amine Nucleophiles in Polar Radical Crossover Cycloadditions: Synthesis of γ‐Lactams and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Gesmundo Nathan J. , Grandjean Jean‐Marc M. , Nicewicz David A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA series of 24 lactams, e.g. compounds (III) and (VI), is readily prepared by a photoredox reaction of unsaturated amides (I) and (V) with corresponding alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Dearomatization Reaction of Pyrroles Promoted by Silica Gel.
Authors: Zhou Yong , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Gu Qing , You Shu‐Li 
Published: July 2015

Abstract2,3,5‐Trisubstituted pyrroles undergo dearomative Michael addition with α,β‐unsaturated ketones in a site specific manner favouring the reaction at C‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitromethyl‐Substituted Oxindole Derivatives via a Desulfonylation Cascade.
Authors: Niu Ben , Xie Ping , Bian Zhaogang , Zhao Wannian , Zhang Min , Zhou Yang , Feng Lei , Pittman Charles U. Jr. , Zhou Aihua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title compounds (II) are obtained from N‐(phenylsulfonyl)methacrylamides (I) via a one‐pot radical cascade involving substitution‐desulfonylation‐cyclization steps in one pot using NaNO2 as nitro source and potassium peroxodisulfate as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminopalladation‐Triggered Carbene Insertion Reaction: Synthesis of 2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)acetates.
Authors: Hu Ziwei , Luo Shuang , Zhu Qiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor the first time, a nucleopalladation‐triggered carbene insertion reaction for the synthesis of C‐3 alkylated indole derivatives from ortho‐alkynyltrifluoroacetanilides and α‐diazoacetates is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Direct Functionalization of Indoles by Pd/Sulfoxide‐Phosphine‐Catalyzed N‐Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Chen Li‐Yan , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Chen Jia‐Rong , Feng Bin , Zhang Hong , Qi Ying‐Hua , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn efficient and scalable N‐allylic alkylation of variously substituted indole derivatives and other N‐heterocycles using diaryl and aryl alkyl propenylacetates is described which generally proceeds with high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐ and Transition Metal Catalyst‐Dependent Regioselectivity in the [3 + 2] Cyclocondensation of Trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐ynones with Hydrazines: Switchable Access to 3‐ and 5‐Trifluoromethylpyrazoles.
Authors: Hsieh Min‐Tsang , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Lin Hui‐Chang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title cyclocondensation reaction gives 3‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles [e.g. (III)] with high regioselectivity in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 in CH2Cl2, while 5‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles [e.g. (VII)] are predominantly obtained without catalyst in DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Ritter Reactions of Isoflavanols: A Facile Route to 4‐Amidoisoflavans.
Authors: Iskander George , Wood Kasey , Eiffe Eleanor , Yee Eugene M.H. , Black David StC. , Kumar Naresh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Ritter reaction of isoflavanol (I) provides a mixture of diastereomers (III) and (IV), independent from whether (I) is applied as a single trans‐isomer or as a diastereomeric mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Aspergillus oryzae QXPC‐4
Authors: Ren Ren , Chen Chao‐Jun , Hu Sha‐Sha , Ge Hui‐Ming , Zhu Wen‐Yong , Tan Ren‐Xiang , Jiao Rui‐Hua 
Published: July 2015

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity of three new drimane sesquiterpenoids, astellolides C—E (I), and related hydroxybenzoates, astellolides F—I (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Synthesis of Two Hydroxychavicol Heterodimers from Piper nudibaccatum.
Authors: Liu Hong‐Xin , Tan Hai‐Bo , He Meng‐Ting , Li Ling , Wang Yue‐Hu , Long Chun‐Lin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNudibaccatumins A (Ia) and B (Ib) are evaluated for their XO inhibitory activity without showing a significant effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of D‐α‐Amino Amides from Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Schwieter Kenneth E. , Johnston Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2015

Abstractemploying the cinchona alkaloid‐catalyzed aza‐Henry reaction using bromonitromethane, and the integration of its product with umpolung amide synthesis
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Glycosylation: Novel Synthetic Approach to Diverse N‐Heterocyclic Glycosides.
Authors: Ji Li , Xiang Shao‐Hua , Leng Wei‐Lin , Hoang Kim Le Mai , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe developed method allows for the α‐ or β‐selective preparation of a range of N‐heterocyclic glycosyl compounds.
Enantioseparation of Racemic Flurbiprofen by Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction With Binary Chiral Selectors of L‐dioctyl Tartrate and L‐tryptophan
Authors: Chen Zhi , Zhang Wei , Wang Liping , Fan Huajun , Wan Qiang , Wu Xuehao , Tang Xunyou , Tang James Z. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel method for chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers was developed using aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) coupled with biphasic recognition chiral extraction (BRCE). An aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) was used as an extracting solvent which was composed of ethanol (35.0% w/w) and ammonium sulfate (18.0% w/w). The chiral selectors in ATPS for BRCE consideration were L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, which were screened from amino acids, β‐cyclodextrin derivatives, and L‐tartrate esters. Factors such as the amounts of L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, pH, flurbiprofen concentration, and the operation temperature were investigated in terms of chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers. The optimum conditions were as follows: L‐dioctyl tartrate, 80 mg; L‐tryptophan, 40 mg; pH, 4.0; flurbiprofen concentration, 0.10 mmol/L; and temperature, 25 °C. The maximum separation factor α for flurbiprofen enantiomers could reach 2.34. The mechanism of chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers is discussed and studied. The results showed that synergistic extraction has been established by L‐dioctyl tartrate and L‐tryptophan, which enantioselectively recognized R‐ and S‐enantiomers in top and bottom phases, respectively. Compared to conventional liquid–liquid extraction, ATPE coupled with BRCE possessed higher separation efficiency and enantioselectivity without the use of any other organic solvents. The proposed method is a potential and powerful alternative to conventional extraction for separation of various enantiomers. Chirality 27:650–657, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chaotic mixing characteristics in static mixers with different axial twisted‐tape inserts
Authors: Meng Huibo , Song Mingyuan , Yu Yanfang , Wang Feng , Wu Jianhua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe distinction of chaotic advection and mixing of high‐viscosity fluids in tubes equipped with four different twisted tapes, including KSM, MSM, RSM, and SSM, were evaluated by Lagrangian simulation. ∼23 550 massless particle tracers marked by red and black colours were respectively released in the semicircle and concentric circles of the inlet cross‐section. Mixing performance was evaluated qualitatively by tracking Poincaré sections, and quantitatively by the variation coefficient as a function of axial position. Poincaré sections of tracers showed that KSM had the best mixing performance and RSM had two oval‐shaped segregated areas which periodically moved clockwise 90° in the cross‐sections of adjacent twisted tapes. Extensional efficiencies were computed radially and axially for all configurations. Both results showed that large dispersive mixing areas existed in the transition section. At the beginning of the first and end of the last element, the largest extensional efficiencies emerged, which were 1.07−1.21 times that at the transitions. The profiles of stretching rate showed that RSM tape had the weakest micro‐mixing ability, and the other three mixers had nearly identical stretching rates, much higher than RSM for Re < 10. With increasing Re, the mixing performance of MSM decreased first and then increased to be slightly higher than that of RSM. The secondary flows at transition regions were largely weakened for the different twist direction in the MSM. The respective roles of flow reversal and twist direction on mixing were evaluated with the stretching rates between static mixers and conventional stirred vessels.
An improved model for determining fractal structure of nano‐agglomerates
Authors: Esmailpour Ali Asghar , Zarghami Reza , Mostoufi Navid 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEffects of operating conditions on fractal structures of three nanoparticle agglomerates (SiO2, TiO2, and ZnO) in a vibro‐fluidized bed were investigated. An improved model is proposed by combining the fractal relation, Richardson‐Zaki equation, and mass balance. This model was used to predict substantial properties of nanoparticle agglomerates, such as fractal dimension and size of the agglomerate particulate fluidization. It was shown that with increasing vibration intensity, the fractal dimension of agglomerates decreases slightly, while the number of primary particles in the agglomerate decreases significantly. It was found that the fractal dimension of nanoparticle agglomerates is in the range of 2.63–2.78, and the number of primary particles in the agglomerate is in the order of 1010. Agglomerate size reaches a constant value at high vibration frequency. Calculation results indicated that the vibration frequency has a more important role than its amplitude in reducing agglomerate size. Minimum fluidization velocity was calculated by applying estimated agglomerate sizes, and it was found that the results were in close agreement with the experimental data.
Markers of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Authors: Valo Misa , Wons Annette , Moeller Albert , Teupe Claudius 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications.OSAand coronary artery disease (CAD) share the same risk factors and coexist in many patients. In previous studies, repeated nocturnal cardiac ischemic events inOSApatients withCADhave been reported.HypothesisWe hypothesized thatOSAmay precipitate myocardial ischemia, evidenced byST‐segment depression and elevated N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TropT) levels in patients with severeOSAand concomitantCAD. We also aimed to evaluate if the effects could be reversed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with severeOSA(apnea‐hypopnea index >15/h, nadir oxygen desaturation ≤80%), and coexistingCADunderwent in‐hospital polysomnography at baseline and underCPAP. Blood samples for hs‐TropTandNT‐proBNPmeasurements were drawn prior and immediately after sleep.ST‐segment depression was measured at the time of maximum oxygen desaturation during sleep.ResultsCPAPsignificantly decreased elevatedNT‐proBNPlevels from 475 ± 654 pg/mLbefore sleep to 353 ± 573 pg/mLafter sleep and attenuatedST‐segment depression during sleep. hs‐TropTwas not elevated and did not differ after nocturnal oxygen desaturation at baseline and afterCPAP.ConclusionsCPAPsignificantly reducedNT‐proBNPin patients suffering from severeOSAand coexistingCAD. Repeated nocturnal myocardial ischemia did not cause myocyte necrosis evidenced by elevated hs‐TropTorST‐segment depression.