bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling the gaps: opportunities for community pharmacies to help increase healthcare access for young people in New Zealand
Authors: Horsfield Emma , Sheridan Janie , Kelly Fiona , Robinson Elizabeth , Clark Terryann , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether there is potential for community pharmacies to help increase healthcare access and address unmet health needs of young people in New Zealand.

Methods
A descriptive secondary analysis of the Youth'07 health and wellbeing survey data was undertaken alongside discussion meetings with a youth advisory group.

Key findings
Seventeen per cent (n = 1485) of all students had been unable to access care when required in the previous 12 months. Of these students, 86.0% cited barriers to accessing health care that are unlikely to be barriers in a community pharmacy setting (e.g. not being able to get an appointment). Thirty per cent (n = 2475) of students had experienced difficulty accessing health care in the past 12 months for various health issues, with over half of these (n = 1326) citing a health issue for which community pharmacies could provide services (e.g. minor health issues, smoking cessation).

Conclusions
Although young people are generally considered to be fit and healthy, many have health needs that are currently unmet by traditional health services. Community pharmacies offer services that are relevant to youth health and are readily accessible to young people, indicating potential to help address unmet health needs and improve healthcare access. Further research is needed to explore how community pharmacy models of care might be provided in an appropriate and acceptable manner for youth.
Factors affecting unmet healthcare needs of older people in Korea
Authors: Ahn Y.H. , Kim N.H. , Kim C.B. , Ham O.K. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundDespite the fact that the National Health Insurance programmes have ensured universal coverage for Koreans, disparities in access to health care and unmet healthcare needs still exist in Korea.AimThe purpose of this study was to analyse factors affecting unmet healthcare needs of older people in Korea.MethodsThis study had a cross‐sectional, descriptive design using secondary data taken from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2007–2009. A complex sampling design was used, and the participants included a nationally representative sample of 3943 people older than 64 years. Socio‐demographic variables, subjective health, existence of chronic diseases, quality of life and unmet healthcare needs were included in the study instruments. Logistic regression analyses were performed in order to examine the relationship between unmet healthcare needs and independent variables.ResultsAccording to the results, 29.4% of older women and 14.0% of older men had not visited clinics or hospitals when they needed to obtain healthcare services (unmet healthcare needs) during the past 12 months. Older women [odds ratio (OR) = 1.831, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.428–2.347] and those with poor subjective health (OR = 1.708, 95% CI = 1.371–2.126) and arthritis (OR = 1.278, 95% CI = 1.029–1.586) were more likely to have unmet healthcare needs than their counterparts.ConclusionsEfforts to decrease unmet healthcare needs, targeting high‐risk groups (especially for older women), are needed in order to prevent disability, decrease mortality and promote the quality of life of older people.
COMMUNITY CARE OF THE AGED A Preventive Health Perspective
Authors: Devlin G. , Devlin Glenda 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper suggests a model for the analysis and planning of aged care services from 3 preventive health perspective. The model considers the aged person's needs, factors affecting how these needs will be met, service provisionl and the consequences to the aged individual and society of this provision. Use of this model to analyse present services points to the need for an ‘Office of the Aged’ at Commonwealth government level to take responsibility for need determination, goal setting, organisation and evaluation of services.
Cerebral ischaemia and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 modulate the angiogenic function of early and late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Morancho Anna , Hernández‐Guillamon Mar , Boada Cristina , Barceló Verónica , Giralt Dolors , Ortega Laura , Montaner Joan , Rosell Anna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe enhancement of endogenous angiogenesis after stroke will be critical in neurorepair therapies where endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) might be key players. Our aim was to determine the influence of cerebral ischaemia and the role of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) on the angiogenic function of EPCs. Permanent focal cerebral ischaemia was induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in MMP‐9/knockout (MMP‐9/KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. EPCs were obtained for cell counting after ischaemia (6 and 24 hrs) and in control animals. Matrigel™ assays and time‐lapse imaging were conducted to monitor angiogenic function of WT and MMP9‐deficient EPCs or after treatment with MMP‐9 inhibitors. Focal cerebral ischaemia increased the number of early EPCs, while MMP‐9 deficiency decreased their number in non‐ischaemic mice and delayed their release after ischaemia. Late outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) from ischaemic mice shaped more vessel structures than controls, while MMP‐9 deficiency reduced the angiogenic abilities of OECs to form vascular networks, in vitro. Treatment with the MMP inhibitor GM6001 and the specific MMP‐9 inhibitor I also decreased the number of vessel structures shaped by both human and mouse WT OECs, while exogenous MMP‐9 could not revert the impaired angiogenic function in MMP‐9/KO OECs. Finally, time‐lapse imaging showed that the extension of vascular networks was influenced by cerebral ischaemia and MMP‐9 deficiency early during the vascular network formation followed by a dynamic vessel remodelling. We conclude that focal cerebral ischaemia triggers the angiogenic responses of EPCs, while MMP‐9 plays a key role in the formation of vascular networks by EPCs.
Granulomatous lesions in a wild mullet population from the eastern Ligurian Sea (Italy): mycobacteriosis vs. pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Varello K , Prearo M , Serracca L , Meloni D , Rossini I , Righetti M , Pezzolato M , Fioravanti M L , Ercolini C , Bozzetta E 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMycobacterium spp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are recognized as the most frequent causative agents of granulomatous lesions in fish. Although frequent episodes of mycobacterial infections have been reported in wild fish worldwide, only sporadic cases have been documented to date in Italy. To investigate for the presence of lesions referable to mycobacteriosis and to identify the mycobacterial species involved, a total of 159 wild mullets were fished from the eastern coast of the Ligurian Sea, killed and necropsied. Liver and spleen samples were collected from all fish for histopathological and microbiological analyses. Molecular investigations for identification of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida were performed. Gross examination revealed granulomatous lesions in one animal; microscopically, 42.14% of fish displayed granulomas with various histological features, 19.50% resulted positive at Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and were confirmed as mycobacterial lesions by culture. The identified colonies were characterized as M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. flavescens, M. chelonae, M. septicum and M. nonchromogenicum. In all, 35% of animals resulted positive for Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. These data suggest widespread mycobacterial infection also by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida infections in wild fish. Moreover, the pathogenicity of some mycobacterial species, previously considered as saprophytic, was demonstrated.
Advances in regeneration of dental pulp – a literature review
Authors: Ajay Sharma Lavanya , Sharma Ajay , Dias George J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis review summarizes the biological response of dentin–pulp complexes to a variety of stimuli and responses to current treatment therapies and reviews the role of tissue engineering and its application in regenerative endodontics. An electronic search was undertaken based on keywords using Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid database resources up to March 2012 to identify appropriate articles, supplemented by a manual search using reference lists from relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were mainly based on different combinations of keywords and restricted to articles published in English language only. Biological approaches based on tissue engineering principles were found to offer the possibility of restoring natural tooth vitality, with distinct evidence that regeneration of lost dental tissues is possible. Studies to formulate an ideal restorative material with regenerative properties, however, are still under way. Further research with supporting clinical studies is required to identify the most effective and safe treatment therapy.
Evaluation of obstetrical factors related to Sheehan syndrome
Authors: Matsuwaki Takahiro , Khan Khaleque Newaz , Inoue Tsuneo , Yoshida Atsushi , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate factors related to the occurrence of Sheehan syndrome.MethodsThe obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation score, total volume of hemorrhage, shock index, level of consciousness at the time of shock occurrence and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings were evaluated in nine women who showed massive hemorrhage during delivery. These clinical outcomes were analyzed in all these patients who were prospectively followed‐up to identify any possible occurrence of Sheehan syndrome.ResultsCompared to six women with non‐Sheehan syndrome, three women who were diagnosed with Sheehan syndrome showed significant elevation of the obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation score, decrease in the level of consciousness during shock and remarkable pituitary gland atrophic change with an empty sella turcica detected by pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. The volume of hemorrhage during delivery and shock index were not significantly different between these two groups of women.ConclusionCareful attention and follow‐up should be paid to women with post‐partum massive hemorrhage for early detection and management of women with Sheehan syndrome.
Spontaneous uterine rupture at 32 weeks of gestation after previous uterine artery embolization
Authors: Takeda Jun , Makino Shintaro , Ota Atsuyuki , Tawada Tetsuo , Mitsuhashi Naoki , Takeda Satoru 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUterine artery embolization (UAE) is a common treatment for post‐partum hemorrhage and uterine fibroids. However, the effects of UAE on subsequent pregnancies have not been established. Here, we present a case of spontaneous uterine rupture after previous UAE. A 31‐year‐old woman underwent UAE for a cervical ectopic pregnancy. Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at days 5 and 25 post‐UAE suggested a regionally decreased blood supply in the mid‐posterior wall of the uterine fundus. During a subsequent pregnancy at age 35 years, she underwent an emergency cesarean delivery due to spontaneous uterine rupture at the mid‐posterior wall of the uterus at 32 weeks of gestation. Obstetricians should be attentive to the possibility of spontaneous uterine rupture in pregnant women who have previously undergone UAE. Detection of ischemic uterine muscle on MRI may predict potential for uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy.
Quantification of hepatic FOXP3+ T‐lymphocytes in HIV/hepatitis C coinfection
Authors: Williams S. K. , Donaldson E. , Van der Kleij T. , Dixon L. , Fisher M. , Tibble J. , Gilleece Y. , Klenerman P. , Banham A. H. , Howard M. , Webster D. P. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCoinfection with HIV adversely impacts every stage of hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Liver damage in HCV infection results from host antiviral responses rather than direct viral pathogenesis. Despite depressed cellular immunity, coinfected patients show accelerated hepatic fibrosis compared with HCV monoinfected patients. This paradox is poorly understood. T‐regulatory (Treg) cells (CD4+ and FOXP3+) are hypothesized to limit hepatic damage in HCV. Our hypothesis was that reduced frequency of hepatic Treg in HIV/HCV coinfection compared with HCV monoinfection may explain poorer outcomes. We quantified FOXP3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ cells in liver biopsies of 35 male subjects matched by age and ISHAK fibrosis score, 12 HIV monoinfected, 11 HCV monoinfected and 12 HIV/HCV coinfected. Cell counts were performed using indirect immunohistochemical staining and light microscopy. HIV/HCV coinfected subjects had fewer hepatic FOXP3+ (P = 0.031) and CD4+ cells (P = 0.001) than HCV monoinfected subjects. Coinfected subjects had more hepatic CD8+ cells compared with HCV monoinfected (P = 0.023), and a lower ratio of FOXP3+ to CD8+ cells (0.08 vs 0.27, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed number of CD4+ cells controlled for differences in number of FOXP3+ cells. Fewer hepatic FOXP3+ and CD4+ cells in HIV/HCV coinfection compared with HCV monoinfection suggests lower Treg activity, driven by an overall loss of CD4+ cells. Higher number of CD8+ cells in HIV/HCV coinfection suggests higher cytotoxic activity. This may explain poorer outcomes in HIV/HCV coinfected patients and suggests a potential mechanism by which highly active antiretroviral therapy may benefit these patients.
Dairy intensification, mothers and children: an exploration of infant and young child feeding practices among rural dairy farmers in Kenya
Authors: Wyatt Amanda J. , Yount Kathryn M. , Null Clair , Ramakrishnan Usha , Webb Girard Aimee 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAgricultural strategies such as dairy intensification have potential to improve human nutrition through increased household food security. Increasing dairy productivity could also adversely affect infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices because of increased maternal stress, demands on maternal time, and beliefs about the timing and appropriate types of complementary foods. Yet, few studies have looked rigorously at how interventions can affect young children (0–60 months). The study explores, within the context of rural dairy farming in Kenya, the relationship between level of household dairy production and selected IYCF practices using a mixed‐methods approach. Six focus group discussions with women involved in dairy farming investigated their attitudes towards breastfeeding, introduction of complementary foods and child diets. Ninety‐two households involved in three levels of dairy production with at least one child 0–60 months participated in a household survey. Quantitative results indicated that women from higher dairy producing households were more likely to introduce cow's milk to infants before they reached 6 months than women from households not producing any dairy. Themes from the focus group discussions demonstrated that women were familiar with exclusive breastfeeding recommendations, but indicated a preference for mixed feeding of infants. Evidence from this study can inform nutrition education programmes targeted to farmers participating in dairy interventions in rural, low‐income settings to minimise potential harm to the nutritional status of children.
Stock and Mobility of Researchers and Industrial Leadership
Authors: Fatas‐Villafranca Francisco , Jarne Gloria , Sanchez‐Choliz Julio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe propose an evolutionary model which shows the relevance of the stock and mobility of researchers in explaining industrial leadership and catch‐up. Likewise, it shows how leading firms and nations may benefit from their competitors' investments in scientific training. On the other hand, international knowledge diffusion may jeopardize apparently solid leadership positions. Thus, under certain conditions, technological convergence at a worldwide level mitigates the migrant‐sending role of emergent nations. In fact, taking advantage of knowledge diffusion to make the transition from migrant‐sending to migrant‐receiving nation proves to be a source of leadership in the model.
Identification and characterization of an archaeal ketopantoate reductase and its involvement in regulation of coenzyme A biosynthesis
Authors: Tomita Hiroya , Imanaka Tadayuki , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCoenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes is regulated primarily by feedback inhibition towards pantothenate kinase (PanK). As most archaea utilize a modified route for CoA biosynthesis and do not harbour PanK, the mechanisms governing regulation of CoA biosynthesis are unknown. Here we performed genetic and biochemical studies on the ketopantoate reductase (KPR) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. KPR catalyses the second step in CoA biosynthesis, the reduction of 2‐oxopantoate to pantoate. Gene disruption of TK1968, whose product was 20–29% identical to previously characterized KPRs from bacteria/eukaryotes, resulted in a strain with growth defects that were complemented by addition of pantoate. The TK1968 protein (Tk‐KPR) displayed reductase activity specific for 2‐oxopantoate and preferred NADH as the electron donor, distinct to the bacterial/eukaryotic NADPH‐dependent enzymes. Tk‐KPR activity decreased dramatically in the presence of CoA and KPR activity in cell‐free extracts was also inhibited by CoA. Kinetic studies indicated that CoA inhibits KPR by competing with NADH. Inhibition of ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, the first enzyme of the pathway, by CoA was not observed. Our results suggest that CoA biosynthesis in T. kodakarensis is regulated by feedback inhibition of KPR, providing a feasible regulation mechanism of CoA biosynthesis in archaea.
Stably bridging a great divide: localization of the SpoIIQ landmark protein in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Søgaard‐Andersen Lotte 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMany bacterial proteins involved in fundamental processes such as cell shape maintenance, cell cycle regulation, differentiation, division and motility localize dynamically to specific subcellular regions. However, the mechanisms underlying dynamic protein localization are incompletely understood. Using the SpoIIQ protein in Bacillus subtilis as a case study, two reports present important novel insights into how a protein finds its right place at the right time and remains stably bound. During sporulation, SpoIIQ localizes in clusters in the forespore membrane at the interface that separates the forespore and mother cell and functions as a landmark protein for SpoIIIAH in the mother cell membrane. The extracellular domains of SpoIIQ and SpoIIIAH interact directly effectively bridging the gap between the two membranes. Here, SpoIIQ localization is shown to depend on two pathways, one involves SpoIIIAH, the second involves two peptidoglycan‐degrading enzymes SpoIIP and SpoIID; and, SpoIIQ is only delocalized in the absence of all three proteins. Importantly, in the absence of SpoIIIAH, SpoIIQ apparently localizes normally. However, FRAP experiments demonstrated that SpoIIQ is not stably maintained in the clusters in this mutant. Thus, a second targeting pathway can mask significant changes in the localization of a protein.
Housing Market and Current Account Imbalances in the International Economy
Authors: Punzi Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐sector, two‐country model showing that inflation in the housing market, a low personal savings rate, and a construction investment boom can contribute to a large current account deficit. In the model, demand by a group of households in the domestic country is constrained by the availability of collateral. This implies more procyclical debt capacity because constrained households can borrow against the increase in the value of their houses during an expansion. A higher degree of financial liberalization and development helps constrained households reach higher loan‐to‐value ratios, thus relaxing their borrowing constraints. The resulting higher net worth and lower need for savings imply a worsening current account.
Export Subsidies and Exchange Rate Pass‐through
Authors: Orbay Hakan , Orbay Benan Zeki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates effects of exchange rate on optimal trade policies and market prices within a standard export subsidy model. Shifts in exchange rate change relative efficiencies of firms in different countries. We show that depreciation of own currency increases subsidy levels when marginal cost is constant. Import dependency weakens this relationship, decreasing sensitivity of subsidy levels to depreciation. In general, subsidies reduce exchange rate pass‐through. Additionally, perverse exchange rate pass‐through effect arises with sufficiently intensive subsidies.
Democracy and Economic Growth in an Interdependent World
Authors: Diebolt Claude , Mishra Tapas , Ouattara Bazoumana , Parhi Mamata 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe model dynamic interdependence in cross‐country economic growth processes by allowing it to vary according to democratic distance among economies. Stochastic distributional dynamics and temporal effects of democracy on economic growth are studied, and spatial variation in economic growth is explored. Among important results, democratic poverty trap is found to exist indicating the possibility of persistence of (un)stable democratic equilibria at different levels of democracy. Our cross‐sectional regression evinces that democracy has exerted significant growth‐enhancing effect and that the democratic distribution has steadily shifted locus from low‐level to high‐level equilibrium. Our spatial analysis of democracy‐economic growth nexus provide evidence of significant dynamic spatial autocorrelation and complementarity among countries' growth processes. Finally, it is demonstrated that the relevance of geographical proximity in facilitating interdependence in economic growth is overshadowed by relational proximity.
A Multidimensional Exploration of the Foundations of Community Attachment among Seasonal and Year‐Round Residents
Authors: Jennings Brian M. , Krannich Richard S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUtah is a popular second‐home destination because of its unique landscapes offering numerous natural amenities. This research utilized data from a mail survey of residents in six Utah counties and had two objectives: (1) to test a multidimensional conceptualization of community attachment and (2) to determine if the foundations of community attachment, based on those conceptual dimensions, are different for year‐round and seasonal residents. The study utilized structural equation models, which allow the use of latent variables, to complete those objectives. Results revealed that a multidimensional conceptualization of community attachment is appropriate. The conceptual dimensions (social bonds, participation, and sentiments) used in this research all proved to be important elements of the higher order construct “community attachment” for both year‐round and seasonal residents. For year‐round residents, community attachment is best predicted by the social bonds dimension, while for seasonal residents the participation dimension is most important. However, all three of the dimensions of attachment used herein are important among both residence categories, indicating that future research on this topic would be best served by using a multidimensional conceptualization of community attachment.