bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The School Assessment for Environmental Typology (SAfETy): An Observational Measure of the School Environment
Authors: Bradshaw Catherine P. , Milam Adam J. , Furr-Holden C. Debra M. , Lindstrom Johnson Sarah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSchool safety is of great concern for prevention researchers, school officials, parents, and students, yet there are a dearth of assessments that have operationalized school safety from an organizational framework using objective tools and measures. Such a tool would be important for deriving unbiased assessments of the school environment, which in turn could be used as an evaluative tool for school violence prevention efforts. The current paper presents a framework for conceptualizing school safety consistent with Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) model and social disorganization theory, both of which highlight the importance of context as a driver for adolescents’ risk for involvement in substance use and violence. This paper describes the development of a novel observational measure, called the School Assessment for Environmental Typology (SAfETy), which applies CPTED and social disorganizational frameworks to schools to measure eight indicators of school physical and social environment (i.e., disorder, trash, graffiti/vandalism, appearance, illumination, surveillance, ownership, and positive behavioral expectations). Drawing upon data from 58 high schools, we provide preliminary data regarding the validity and reliability of the SAfETy and describe patterns of the school safety indicators. Findings demonstrate the reliability and validity of the SAfETy and are discussed with regard to the prevention of violence in schools.
A Hyperbolic–Elliptic Model Problem for Coupled Surface–Subsurface Flow
Authors: Magiera Jim , Rohde Christian , Rybak Iryna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We consider a model problem for coupled surface–subsurface flow. The model consists of a nonlinear kinematic wave equation for the surface fluid’s height and a Brinkman model that governs fluid velocity and pressure for subsurface dynamics. For this coupled hyperbolic–elliptic model we establish the existence of weak solutions. The proof is based on a viscous approximation and the method of compensated compactness by virtue of appropriate energy estimates. To solve the coupled problem numerically, a finite volume method is applied. The numerical scheme is used to illustrate the influence of the Brinkman parameter on the coupled flow pattern for infiltration scenarios.
Brief report: Examining children's disruptive behavior in the wake of trauma – A two‐piece growth curve model before and after a school shooting
Authors: Liao Yue , Shonkoff Eleanor T. , Barnett Elizabeth , Wen C.K. Fred , Miller Kimberly A. , Eddy J. Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSchool shootings may have serious negative impacts on children years after the event. Previous research suggests that children exposed to traumatic events experience heightened fear, anxiety, and feelings of vulnerability, but little research has examined potential aggressive and disruptive behavioral reactions. Utilizing a longitudinal dataset in which a local school shooting occurred during the course of data collection, this study sought to investigate whether the trajectory of disruptive behaviors was affected by the shooting. A two‐piece growth curve model was used to examine the trajectory of disruptive behaviors during the pre‐shooting years (i.e., piece one) and post‐shooting years (i.e., piece two). Results indicated that the two‐piece growth curve model fit the data better than the one‐piece model and that the school shooting precipitated a faster decline in aggressive behaviors. This study demonstrated a novel approach to examining effects of an unexpected traumatic event on behavioral trajectories using an existing longitudinal data set.
Examining the dimensional structure and nomological network of achievement goals in the Philippines
Authors: King Ronnel B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the cross‐cultural validity of the 2 × 2 achievement goal model in the Philippine context. The dimensional structure of the four achievement goals (mastery‐approach, performance‐approach, mastery‐avoidance, and performance‐avoidance) and their associations with key learning outcomes were investigated. In Study 1, support for the dimensional structure of the 2 × 2 model was found. In Study 2, associations between achievement goals and learning outcomes such as engagement, disaffection, and achievement were investigated. Contrary to Western research, performance‐avoidance was positively associated with adaptive outcomes and performance‐approach goals were only weakly related to achievement. Cross‐cultural implications are discussed.
Personally important posttraumatic growth in adolescents: The effect on self‐esteem beyond commonly defined posttraumatic growth
Authors: Taku Kanako , McDiarmid Leah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResearch on posttraumatic growth (PTG), positive psychological changes that may occur as a result of highly stressful life events, reveals adolescents are able to experience PTG. The current study tests individual differences among adolescents in relative importance of PTG and examines the relationships among personally important PTG, commonly defined PTG, and self‐esteem. Adolescents (N = 145) with the mean age of 15.75 (SD = 1.13) completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale and PTG Inventory, and then reported which items on the PTG Inventory were personally important to them. Results indicated within‐scale differences in item importance on the PTG Inventory. Personally important PTG was a better predictor of adolescent self‐esteem than commonly defined PTG, measured as total PTGI score or each of the five factors. These findings suggest future research should look at both short‐term and long‐term effects of personally important PTG as well as commonly defined PTG.
MENS REA IN JOINT ENTERPRISE: A ROLE FOR ENDORSEMENT?
Authors: Krebs Beatrice 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper argues that the problems commonly associated with the joint enterprise doctrine might be alleviated by supplementing the cognitive mens rea standard of foresight with a volitional element that looks to how the defendant related to the foreseen risk. A re-examination of the case law suggests that a mens rea conception of foresight plus endorsement might be within interpretative reach. The paper considers possible objections to such a development but ultimately rejects them. It concludes that it is not necessary to wait for Parliament to put in place reforms: joint enterprise is a creature of the common law, and the common law is able to tame it unaided.
Performance of Tsol-p27 antigen for the serological diagnosis of cysticercosis in Mozambique
Authors: Nhancupe N. , Noormahomed E.V. , Afonso S. , Falk K.I. , Lindh J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC) requires expensive neuroimaging techniques that are seldom affordable for people in endemic countries. Accordingly, there is a need for new low-cost diagnostic methods that offer high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we evaluated Western blot analysis of the previously described recombinant antigen Tsol-p27 in relation to a commercial or in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for NCC, and compared the results with those provided by a commercial enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay, which was regarded as the reference standard method. The analysed serum samples were obtained from 165 people, 18 of whom were confirmed to be NCC positive by EITB. Comparing our Western blot analysis of Tsol-p27 with a previous evaluation performed in Central America showed similar specificity (96.69% versus 97.8%) and sensitivity (85.71% versus 86.7%). The present results indicate that the recombinant Tsol-p27 antigen provides good sensitivity and specificity, and might be preferable as a diagnostic antigen in poorly equipped laboratories in endemic countries.
T-cell ligands modulate the cytolytic activity of the CD33/CD3 BiTE antibody construct, AMG 330
Authors: Laszlo G S , Gudgeon C J , Harrington K H , Walter R B 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPreclinical and emerging clinical studies demonstrate that bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibody constructs can potently lyse targeted tumor cells, but the determinants for their activity remain incompletely understood. Using human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines engineered to overexpress individual T-cell ligands, we found that expression of the inhibitory ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, reduced the cytolytic activity of the BiTE antibody construct targeting CD33, AMG 330; conversely, expression of the activating ligands, CD80 and CD86, augmented the cytotoxic activity of AMG 330. Consistent with these findings, treatment with an activating antibody directed at the co-stimulatory T-cell receptor, CD28, significantly increased AMG 330-induced cytotoxicity in human AML cell lines. Using specimens from 12 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML, we found that activation of CD28 also increased the activity of AMG 330 in primary human AML cells (P=0.023). Together, our findings indicate that T-cell ligands and co-receptors modulate the anti-tumor activity of the CD33/CD3 BiTE antibody construct, AMG 330. These findings suggest that such ligands/co-receptors could serve as biomarkers of response and that co-treatment strategies with pharmacological modulators of T-cell receptor signaling could be utilized to further enhance the activity of this targeted therapeutic.
miR-526b targets 3′ UTR of MMP1 mRNA
Authors: Kim Kyu-Han , Jung Ji-Yong , Son Eui Dong , Shin Dong Wook , Noh Minsoo , Lee Tae Ryong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRegulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is important for many physiological processes involving cancers, inflammation, tissue remodeling and skin aging. Here, we report the novel finding that the expression of MMP1 mRNA is downregulated by the overexpression of miR-526b which is a member of chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC). Our analysis using reporter constructs containing the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of MMP1 and its mutant form showed that the region from 377–383 in the 3′ UTR of MMP1 is critical for targeting by miR-526b. In addition, the expression pattern of miR-526b and MMP1 mRNA showed reverse relation between adult dermal and neonatal fibroblasts. We show for the first time that miR-526b, an miRNA belonging to C19MC, can target the 377–383 region of the MMP1 3′ UTR.
Experimental insights into the importance of aquatic bacterial community composition to the degradation of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Logue Jürg B , Stedmon Colin A , Kellerman Anne M , Nielsen Nikoline J , Andersson Anders F , Laudon Hjalmar , Lindström Eva S , Kritzberg Emma S 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBacteria play a central role in the cycling of carbon, yet our understanding of the relationship between the taxonomic composition and the degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still poor. In this experimental study, we were able to demonstrate a direct link between community composition and ecosystem functioning in that differently structured aquatic bacterial communities differed in their degradation of terrestrially derived DOM. Although the same amount of carbon was processed, both the temporal pattern of degradation and the compounds degraded differed among communities. We, moreover, uncovered that low-molecular-weight carbon was available to all communities for utilisation, whereas the ability to degrade carbon of greater molecular weight was a trait less widely distributed. Finally, whereas the degradation of either low- or high-molecular-weight carbon was not restricted to a single phylogenetic clade, our results illustrate that bacterial taxa of similar phylogenetic classification differed substantially in their association with the degradation of DOM compounds. Applying techniques that capture the diversity and complexity of both bacterial communities and DOM, our study provides new insight into how the structure of bacterial communities may affect processes of biogeochemical significance.
Calorimetric determination of the magnetic phase diagram of underdoped ortho II YBa2Cu3O6.54 single crystals
Authors: Marcenat C. , Demuer A. , Beauvois K. , Michon B. , Grockowiak A. , Liang R. , Hardy W. , Bonn D. A. , Klein T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe recent discovery of a charge order in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy raised the question of the interplay between superconductivity and this competing phase. Understanding the normal state of high-temperature superconductors is now an essential step towards the description of the pairing mechanism in those materials and determining the upper critical field is therefore of fundamental importance. We present here a calorimetric determination of the field–temperature phase diagram in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals. We show that the specific heat saturates in high magnetic fields. This saturation is consistent with a normal state without any significant superconducting contribution and a total Sommerfeld coefficient γN∼6.5±1.5 mJ mol−1 K−2 putting strong constraints on the theoretical models for the Fermi surface reconstruction.
Moisture dipole over the Tibetan Plateau during the past five and a half centuries
Authors: Zhang Qi-Bin , Evans Michael N. , Lyu Lixin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe South Asian Monsoon and mid-latitude Westerlies are two important controls on Tibetan Plateau (TP) fresh water resources. Understanding their interaction requires long-term information on spatial patterns in moisture variability on the TP. Here we develop a network of 23 moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies from major juniper forests in a north–south transect on the eastern TP. Over the past five and a half centuries, we find that these chronologies cluster into two groups, North and South, of ∼33° N. Southern and northern regional chronology subsets are positively and significantly correlated with May–June Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI). The meridional moisture stress gradient reconstructed from these data suggests substantial stochastic variation, yet persistent moisture stress differences are observed between 1463–1502 CE and 1693–1734 CE. Identification of these patterns provides clues linking them with forced or intrinsic tropical–extratropical interactions and thus facilitates studies of interannual–decadal dipole variations in hydroclimate over the TP.
Plk1 relieves centriole block to reduplication by promoting daughter centriole maturation
Authors: Shukla Anil , Kong Dong , Sharma Meena , Magidson Valentin , Loncarek Jadranka 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCentrosome overduplication promotes mitotic abnormalities, invasion and tumorigenesis. Cells regulate the number of centrosomes by limiting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle. The orthogonal orientation between a mother and a daughter centriole, established at the time of centriole duplication, is thought to block further duplication of the mother centriole. Loss of orthogonal orientation (disengagement) between two centrioles during anaphase is considered a licensing event for the next round of centriole duplication. Disengagement requires the activity of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), but how Plk1 drives this process is not clear. Here we employ correlative live/electron microscopy and demonstrate that Plk1 induces maturation and distancing of the daughter centriole, allowing reduplication of the mother centriole even if the original daughter centriole is still orthogonal to it. We find that mother centrioles can undergo reduplication when original daughter centrioles are only ∼80 nm apart, which is the distance centrioles normally reach during prophase.
Zero-Determinant Strategies in Iterated Public Goods Game
Authors: Pan Liming , Hao Dong , Rong Zhihai , Zhou Tao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecently, Press and Dyson have proposed a new class of probabilistic and conditional strategies for the two-player iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, so-called zero-determinant strategies. A player adopting zero-determinant strategies is able to pin the expected payoff of the opponents or to enforce a linear relationship between his own payoff and the opponents’ payoff, in a unilateral way. This paper considers zero-determinant strategies in the iterated public goods game, a representative multi-player game where in each round each player will choose whether or not to put his tokens into a public pot and the tokens in this pot are multiplied by a factor larger than one and then evenly divided among all players. The analytical and numerical results exhibit a similar yet different scenario to the case of two-player games: (i) with small number of players or a small multiplication factor, a player is able to unilaterally pin the expected total payoff of all other players; (ii) a player is able to set the ratio between his payoff and the total payoff of all other players, but this ratio is limited by an upper bound if the multiplication factor exceeds a threshold that depends on the number of players.
Large epidemic thresholds emerge in heterogeneous networks of heterogeneous nodes
Authors: Yang Hui , Tang Ming , Gross Thilo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the famous results of network science states that networks with heterogeneous connectivity are more susceptible to epidemic spreading than their more homogeneous counterparts. In particular, in networks of identical nodes it has been shown that network heterogeneity, i.e. a broad degree distribution, can lower the epidemic threshold at which epidemics can invade the system. Network heterogeneity can thus allow diseases with lower transmission probabilities to persist and spread. However, it has been pointed out that networks in which the properties of nodes are intrinsically heterogeneous can be very resilient to disease spreading. Heterogeneity in structure can enhance or diminish the resilience of networks with heterogeneous nodes, depending on the correlations between the topological and intrinsic properties. Here, we consider a plausible scenario where people have intrinsic differences in susceptibility and adapt their social network structure to the presence of the disease. We show that the resilience of networks with heterogeneous connectivity can surpass those of networks with homogeneous connectivity. For epidemiology, this implies that network heterogeneity should not be studied in isolation, it is instead the heterogeneity of infection risk that determines the likelihood of outbreaks.
Early warning signs for saddle-escape transitions in complex networks
Authors: Kuehn Christian , Zschaler Gerd , Gross Thilo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany real world systems are at risk of undergoing critical transitions, leading to sudden qualitative and sometimes irreversible regime shifts. The development of early warning signals is recognized as a major challenge. Recent progress builds on a mathematical framework in which a real-world system is described by a low-dimensional equation system with a small number of key variables, where the critical transition often corresponds to a bifurcation. Here we show that in high-dimensional systems, containing many variables, we frequently encounter an additional non-bifurcative saddle-type mechanism leading to critical transitions. This generic class of transitions has been missed in the search for early-warnings up to now. In fact, the saddle-type mechanism also applies to low-dimensional systems with saddle-dynamics. Near a saddle a system moves slowly and the state may be perceived as stable over substantial time periods. We develop an early warning sign for the saddle-type transition. We illustrate our results in two network models and epidemiological data. This work thus establishes a connection from critical transitions to networks and an early warning sign for a new type of critical transition. In complex models and big data we anticipate that saddle-transitions will be encountered frequently in the future.
CoMOGrad and PHOG: From Computer Vision to Fast and Accurate Protein Tertiary Structure Retrieval
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Aziz Mohd. Momin Al , Shatabda Swakkhar , Rahman M. Sohel , Mia Md. Abul Kashem , Zaman Farhana , Rakin Salman 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe number of entries in a structural database of proteins is increasing day by day. Methods for retrieving protein tertiary structures from such a large database have turn out to be the key to comparative analysis of structures that plays an important role to understand proteins and their functions. In this paper, we present fast and accurate methods for the retrieval of proteins having tertiary structures similar to a query protein from a large database. Our proposed methods borrow ideas from the field of computer vision. The speed and accuracy of our methods come from the two newly introduced features- the co-occurrence matrix of the oriented gradient and pyramid histogram of oriented gradient- and the use of Euclidean distance as the distance measure. Experimental results clearly indicate the superiority of our approach in both running time and accuracy. Our method is readily available for use from this website: http://research.buet.ac.bd:8080/Comograd/.
Isolation of Genetically Tractable Most-Wanted Bacteria by Metaparental Mating
Authors: Cuív Páraic Ó , Smith Wendy J. , Pottenger Sian , Burman Sriti , Shanahan Erin R. , Morrison Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMetagenomics has rapidly advanced our inventory and appreciation of the genetic potential inherent to the gut microbiome. However it is widely accepted that two key constraints to further genetic dissection of the gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions have been our inability to recover new isolates from the human gut and the paucity of genetically tractable gut microbes. To address this challenge we developed a modular RP4 mobilisable recombinant vector system and an approach termed metaparental mating to support the rapid and directed isolation of genetically tractable fastidious gut bacteria. Using this approach we isolated transconjugants affiliated with Clostridium cluster IV (Faecalibacterium and Oscillibacter spp.), Clostridium cluster XI (Anaerococcus) and Clostridium XIVa (Blautia spp.) and group 2 ruminococci amongst others and demonstrated that the recombinant vectors were stably maintained in their recipient hosts. By a similar approach we constructed fluorescently labelled bacterial transconjugants affiliated with Clostridium cluster IV (including Flavonifractor and Pseudoflavonifractor spp.), Clostridium XIVa (Blautia spp.) and Clostridium cluster XVIII (Clostridium ramosum) that expressed a flavin mononucleotide-based reporter gene (evoglow-C-Bs2). Our approach will advance the integration of bacterial genetics with metagenomics and realize new directions to support a more mechanistic dissection of host-microbe associations relevant to human health and disease.