bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterochrony underpins natural variation inCardamine hirsutaleaf form
Authors: Cartolano Maria , Pieper Bjorn , Lempe Janne , Tattersall Alex , Huijser Peter , Tresch Achim , Darrah Peter R. , Hay Angela , Tsiantis Miltos 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceA key problem in biology is whether the same processes underlie morphological variation between and within species. Here, we show that the causes of leaf shape diversity at these two evolutionary scales can be divergent. Some species have simple leaves, whereas others bear complex leaves comprising leaflets. Previous work indicated that these interspecific differences result mostly from variation in local tissue growth and patterning. Now we find that a different process, age-dependent shape progression, underlies within-species variation in complex leaf morphology. Specifically, in plants with accelerated aging and early flowering, leaves progress to adult shapes with more leaflets, faster than their slower-aging counterparts. This mechanism coordinates leaf development with reproductive timing and may influence resource allocation to seeds.
IL-33 promotes an innate immune pathway of intestinal tissue protection dependent on amphiregulin–EGFR interactions
Authors: Monticelli Laurel A. , Osborne Lisa C. , Noti Mario , Tran Sara V. , Zaiss Dietmar M. W. , Artis David 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Mammalian barrier surfaces are exposed to environmental stimuli that can result in tissue damage. Interleukin (IL)-33–dependent group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are enriched at barrier sites, but the mechanisms underlying the tissue-protective roles of IL-33 or ILC2s in the intestine remain poorly defined. Here we use a model of murine intestinal inflammation and reveal a previously unrecognized pathway of innate immune cell-mediated tissue protection in which IL-33 ameliorated disease through induction of ILC2s and the growth factor amphiregulin (AREG). Collectively, these data highlight a critical dialogue between damaged epithelia and innate immune cells and indicate that manipulation of the IL-33–ILC2–AREG pathway could provide therapeutic benefit in treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Finding the Path to a Successful Graduate and Research Career: Advice for Early Career Researchers
Authors: Maitland Bryan M. , Cooke Steven J. , Poesch Mark 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The path to a successful graduate and research career is a complex and difficult one. Early career researchers (ECRs) have myriad choices and tasks to prioritize and complete as they build their CV but are often confronted with unfamiliar situations in which advice from more senior researchers can be extremely valuable. Here, we summarize a recent workshop held for ECRs by the Canadian Aquatic Resource Section of the American Fisheries Society (AFS) with support from the Education Section. Sessions touched on (1) getting published, (2) science communication and outreach, (3) scoring a job or grad school position, and (4) working within the science–policy interface. The decades of collective experience brought to the table should be shared with the broader readership of AFS because it may prove useful to ECRs as well as stimulate meaningful conversations on these important and timely issues.
El camino hacia una graduación exitosa y una carrera en la investigación es complejo y difícil. Los investigadores incipientes (II; aquellos que se encuentran en las primeras etapas de su carrera) tienen ante sí una miríada de opciones y retos que deben priorizar y completar a medida que construyen su CV, sin embargo suelen enfrentarse a situaciones poco familiares en las cuales el consejo de investigadores más experimentados puede resultar muy valioso. En este artículo se resume un taller de trabajo llevado a cabo recientemente para los II por parte de la sección de Recursos Acuáticos de Canadá, de la Sociedad Americana de Pesquerías (SAP), con la colaboración de la Sección de Educación. Las sesiones trataron de 1) publicación; 2) extensión y comunicación de la ciencia; 3) conseguir un trabajo o una posición en una escuela; y 4) trabajar en la interface ciencia-políticas públicas. Las décadas de experiencia colectiva puestas sobre la mesa de discusión debieran compartirse con un público más amplio de la SAP, dado que pudiera ser útil para los II así como también para estimular conversaciones productivas en estos temas de actualidad.
Injuries and musculoskeletal pain among Norwegian group fitness instructors
Authors: Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn , Myklebust Grethe 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective: To examine the prevalence and factors associated with instruction‐related injuries and musculoskeletal pain among group fitness instructors. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Settings: Online survey. Participants: Group fitness instructors from three fitness centre companies in Norway (n = 1473). Assessment of independent variables: questions regarding duration of working as a group fitness instructor, weekly instruction and exercise loading and modality, instruction‐related injuries, musculoskeletal pain, use of alcohol, tobacco, snuff, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating (Eating Disorder Inventory, EDI). The respondents were divided into high instruction loading (HIL), ≥5 h/w with instruction; and low instruction loading (LIL), <5 h/w with instruction). Results: The response rate was 57% (n = 837). Mean total loading (instruction and exercise) was 11.8 h/w and 6.3 h/w in the HIL and LIL groups (p < .001), respectively. The prevalence of acute (9% vs. 6%, p < .05), overuse (38% vs. 24%, p < .001) and both acute and overuse injuries (25% vs. 10%, p < .001) was higher in the HIL than in the LIL group (OR: 3.9, CI: 2.7, 5.5). The most prevalent injury locations were ankle and lower leg. The most frequent location for musculoskeletal pain was the shoulder/neck region. Factors associated with injury were instruction loading (h/w), years working as an instructor and EDI score. A high total EDI score predicted musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: The high prevalence of injuries and musculoskeletal pain suggests a need for prevention strategies in the fitness industry. There is a need for limits regarding weekly instruction loading, especially for classes with high metabolic and/or mechanical loading.
Impaired Pain-evoked Analgesia after Nerve Injury in Rats Reflects Altered Glutamate Regulation in the Locus Coeruleus
Authors: Kimura Masafumi , Suto Takashi , Morado-Urbina Carlos E. , Peters Christopher M. , Eisenach James C. , Hayashida Ken-Ichiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
The authors investigated the circuitry for impaired noxious stimulation–induced analgesia in rats with neuropathic pain. The authors demonstrate glutamate dysregulation in the locus coeruleus, and the resulting impairment of descending inhibitory control contributes to the loss of noxious stimulation–induced analgesia in neuropathic pain.

Background:
Patients with neuropathic pain show reduced endogenous analgesia induced by a conditioned noxious stimulus. Here, the authors tested whether peripheral nerve injury impairs descending noradrenergic inhibition from the locus coeruleus (LC) after L5–L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats.

Methods:
A subdermal injection of capsaicin was used to examine noxious stimulation–induced analgesia (NSIA), evoked LC glutamate and spinal noradrenaline release, and evoked LC neuronal activity in normal and SNL rats. The authors also examined the role of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors or the astroglial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1).

Results:
SNL increased basal extracellular glutamate concentration in the LC (170.1%; 95% CI, 44.7 to 295.5; n = 15) and basal spinal cord noradrenaline release (252.1%; 95% CI, 113.6 to 391.3; n = 15), which was associated with an increased tonic LC neuronal activity and a down-regulation of GLT-1 in the LC. SNL reduced NSIA (−77.6%; 95% CI, −116.4 to −38.8; n = 14) and capsaicin evoked release of glutamate in the LC (−36.2%; 95% CI, −49.3 to −23.2; n = 8) and noradrenaline in the spinal cord (−38.8%; 95% CI, −45.1 to −32.5; n = 8). Capsaicin-evoked LC neuronal activation was masked in SNL rats. Removing autoinhibition of glutamatergic terminals by metabotropic glutamate receptor blockade or increasing GLT-1 expression by histone deacetylase inhibition restored NSIA in SNL rats. SNL-induced impairment of NSIA was mimicked in normal rats by knockdown of GLT-1 in the LC.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that increased extracellular glutamate in the LC consequent to down-regulation of GLT-1 contributes to LC dysfunction and impaired pain-evoked endogenous analgesia after nerve injury.
Developing a model for building resilience to climate risks for cultural heritage
Authors: O'Brien Geoff , O'Keefe Phil , Jayawickrama Janaka , Jigyasu Rohit 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for developing climate adaptation strategies to reduce climate risk for cultural heritage. Cultural heritage has an important role in human well-being. This paper posits that cultural heritage requires an approach that recognises the uniqueness of cultural heritage. The paper draws from the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Making My City Resilient campaign and the Heart of the City Partnership in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and proposes a Cultural Heritage Adaptation Forum. The role of the forum is to develop adaptation strategies in a sustainable development context. This is an original attempt to link cultural heritage to climate risk.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws from two initiatives and uses good practice established from the disaster management and climate communities and proposes a Cultural Heritage Adaptation Forum that can be used to formulate adaptation interventions for cultural heritage. The approach builds on active participation in a global overview of cultural heritage and climate risk led by UNISDR together with personal experience of implementing such strategies in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.Findings– The paper finds that a model can be developed that incorporates good practice from the climate and disaster management communities.Practical implications– The paper presents a model that can be used by those stakeholders that have an interest in protecting cultural heritage form climate driven hazards.Social implications– Cultural heritage has a value for all and protecting it from climate driven hazards can impact human well-beingOriginality/value– The paper brings together concepts from different academic and practitioner communities. The concept outlined in the paper will be of interest to all those interested in protecting cultural heritage for climate driven hazards.
Influence of Facebook brand-page posts on online engagement
Authors: Luarn Pin , Lin Yu-Fan , Chiu Yu-Ping 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how various characteristics of brand posts influence online engagement on Facebook brand pages.Design/methodology/approach– The data used for this study were obtained from the posts of ten popular official brand pages. For the selected period between March 1 and May 1, 2014, a total of 1,030 posts were obtained and manually processed on September 1, 2014. To assign post categories to the posts created by page administrators, the authors performed manual coding, following the coding development strategy.Findings– The results demonstrated that the media and content type of posts exert a significant effect on user online engagement. This study used liking, commenting and sharing behavior as a measure of users’ online engagement to specify the new phenomena.Originality/value– The findings are relevant for the theory of information dissemination and provide valuable and directly applicable implications for the social media marketing of companies.
Patient Preferences for Features of Health Care Delivery Systems: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Mühlbacher Axel C. , Bethge Susanne , Reed Shelby D. , Schulman Kevin A. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo estimate the relative importance of organizational‐, procedural‐, and interpersonal‐level features of health care delivery systems from the patient perspective.Data Sources/Study SettingWe designed four discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to measure patient preferences for 21 health system attributes. Participants were recruited through the online patient portal of a large health system. We analyzed theDCEdata using random effects logit models.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsDCEs were performed in which respondents were provided with descriptions of alternative scenarios and asked to indicate which scenario they prefer. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of the three possible health scenarios (current health, new lung cancer diagnosis, or diabetes) and asked to complete 15 choice tasks. Each choice task included an annual out‐of‐pocket cost attribute.Principal FindingsA total of 3,900 respondents completed the survey. The out‐of‐pocket cost attribute was considered the most important across the four differentDCEs. Following the cost attribute, trust and respect, multidisciplinary care, and shared decision making were judged as most important. The relative importance of out‐of‐pocket cost was consistently lower in the hypothetical context of a new lung cancer diagnosis compared with diabetes or the patient's current health.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the complexity of patient decision making processes regarding features of health care delivery systems. Our findings suggest the importance of these features may change as a function of an individual's medical conditions.
Gender Determination of Adult Individuals by Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Canines
Authors: Tardivo Delphine , Sastre Julien , Catherine Jean‐Hugues , Leonetti Georges , Adalian Pascal , Foti Bruno 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGender determination is a fundamental issue in forensic anthropology. Many techniques based on bone and dental remains have been proposed. It is not always possible to implement the techniques using bones, but teeth are often perfectly preserved. It has been demonstrated that the canine has the greatest sexual dimorphism, and the aim of this work was to provide an easy and accurate dental technique for determining the gender in the absence of other skeletal elements. The sample was composed of 210 CT scans with four healthy canines. The 840 canines were modeled using MIMICS® 10.01 software. The total volume of each tooth was determined. Seven mathematical models were determined by binary logistic regressions and ranked in order of relative performance. The seven proposed predictive models thus performed (0.910 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.938), with overall rates of correct predictions between 82.38 and 85.24%. The 4‐canine model is the most powerful for predicting the gender.
Death from Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Bäckström Björn , Johansson Bengt , Eriksson Anders 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNitrous oxide is an inflammable gas that gives no smell or taste. It has a history of abuse as long as its clinical use, and deaths, although rare, have been reported. We describe two cases of accidental deaths related to voluntary inhalation of nitrous oxide, both found dead with a gas mask covering the face. In an attempt to find an explanation to why the victims did not react properly to oncoming hypoxia, we performed experiments where a test person was allowed to breath in a closed system, with or without nitrous oxide added. Vital signs and gas concentrations as well as subjective symptoms were recorded. The experiments indicated that the explanation to the fact that neither of the descendents had reacted to oncoming hypoxia and hypercapnia was due to the inhalation of nitrous oxide. This study raises the question whether nitrous oxide really should be easily, commercially available.
Efficacy of sugammadex in rocuronium‐induced or antibiotic‐induced anaphylaxis. A case–control study
Authors: Platt P. R. , Clarke R. C. , Johnson G. H. , Sadleir P. H. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe report 13 cases of presumed rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis in which sugammadex was administered with the intention of reversing the immunological reaction. Of these 13 cases, eight (62%) were later confirmed to be type‐1 hypersensitivity reactions to rocuronium, three (23%) were triggered by an antibiotic and two (15%) were non‐immunologically mediated. Response to treatment was scored by the treating anaesthetist, and compared with haemodynamic and inotrope measurements from the resuscitation and anaesthetic records. Haemodynamic improvement was seen in only six (46%) cases, three of which were associated with a non‐rocuronium trigger. Of the three cases in which the treating anaesthetist thought that sugammadex had been beneficial, one was not caused by rocuronium, one had no improvement in blood pressure and one required 8.5 times as much adrenaline in boluses after, compared with the period before, sugammadex administration. These data suggest that sugammadex does not modify the clinical course of a suspected hypersensitivity reaction.
Current evidence on whether perinatal risk factors influence coeliac disease is circumstantial
Authors: Mårild Karl , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Størdal Ketil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCoeliac disease is triggered by an interplay of environmental and genetic factors and is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases in children, occurring in about 1% of Europeans. Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the role of the perinatal environment in coeliac disease and this review discusses the growing body of literature on coeliac disease and perinatal risk factors.ConclusionThere is still only circumstantial evidence that the perinatal environment influences coeliac disease development. Large‐scale cohort studies and emerging scientific concepts, such as epigenetics, may help us establish the role of these environmental factors.
Aberrant splicing of genes involved in haemoglobin synthesis and impaired terminal erythroid maturation inSF3B1mutated refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts
Authors: Conte Simona , Katayama Shintaro , Vesterlund Liselotte , Karimi Mohsen , Dimitriou Marios , Jansson Monika , Mortera‐Blanco Teresa , Unneberg Per , Papaemmanuil Elli , Sander Birgitta , Skoog Tiina , Campbell Peter , Walfridsson Julian , Kere Juha , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva 
Published: August 2015

SummaryRefractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) is distinguished by hyperplastic inefficient erythropoiesis, aberrant mitochondrial ferritin accumulation and anaemia. Heterozygous mutations in the spliceosome geneSF3B1are found in a majority ofRARScases. To explore the link betweenSF3B1mutations and anaemia, we studied mutatedRARS CD34+marrow cells with regard to transcriptome sequencing, splice patterns and mutational allele burden during erythroid differentiation. Transcriptome profiling during early erythroid differentiation revealed a marked up‐regulation of genes involved in haemoglobin synthesis and in the oxidative phosphorylation process, and down‐regulation of mitochondrialABCtransporters compared to normal bone marrow. Moreover, mis‐splicing of genes involved in transcription regulation, particularly haemoglobin synthesis, was confirmed, indicating a compromised haemoglobinization duringRARSerythropoiesis. In order to define the phase during which erythroid maturation ofSF3B1mutated cells is most affected, we assessed allele burden during erythroid differentiationin vitroandin vivoand found thatSF3B1mutated erythroblasts showed stable expansion until late erythroblast stage but that terminal maturation to reticulocytes was significantly reduced. In conclusion,SF3B1mutatedRARSprogenitors display impaired splicing with potential downstream consequences for genes of key importance for haemoglobin synthesis and terminal erythroid differentiation.
Learning class‐specific descriptors for deformable shapes using localized spectral convolutional networks
Authors: Boscaini D. , Masci J. , Melzi S. , Bronstein M. M. , Castellani U. , Vandergheynst P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a generalization of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to non‐Euclidean domains for the analysis of deformable shapes. Our construction is based on localized frequency analysis (a generalization of the windowed Fourier transform to manifolds) that is used to extract the local behavior of some dense intrinsic descriptor, roughly acting as an analogy to patches in images. The resulting local frequency representations are then passed through a bank of filters whose coefficient are determined by a learning procedure minimizing a task‐specific cost. Our approach generalizes several previous methods such as HKS, WKS, spectral CNN, and GPS embeddings. Experimental results show that the proposed approach allows learning class‐specific shape descriptors significantly outperforming recent state‐of‐the‐art methods on standard benchmarks.
Example Based Repetitive Structure Synthesis
Authors: Roveri Riccardo , Öztireli A. Cengiz , Martin Sebastian , Solenthaler Barbara , Gross Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present an example based geometry synthesis approach for generating general repetitive structures. Our model is based on a meshless representation, unifying and extending previous synthesis methods. Structures in the example and output are converted into a functional representation, where the functions are defined by point locations and attributes. We then formulate synthesis as a minimization problem where patches from the output function are matched to those of the example. As compared to existing repetitive structure synthesis methods, the new algorithm offers several advantages. It handles general discrete and continuous structures, and their mixtures in the same framework. The smooth formulation leads to employing robust optimization procedures in the algorithm. Equipped with an accurate patch similarity measure and dedicated sampling control, the algorithm preserves local structures accurately, regardless of the initial distribution of output points. It can also progressively synthesize output structures in given subspaces, allowing users to interactively control and guide the synthesis in real‐time. We present various results for continuous/discrete structures and their mixtures, residing on curves, submanifolds, volumes, and general subspaces, some of which are generated interactively.