bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hukum Jual Beli Pakaian Bekas Di Toko Gudang Kaos Kaki Ponorogo Dalam Perspektif Fikih
Authors: Munasyiroh Hanikatul 
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan jual beli merupakan rantai kehidupan bagi setiap manusia yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Pada dasarnya manusia sendiri mempunyai kebutuhan yang sangat penting dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari. Di dalam objek jual beli terdapat syarat jual beli yang harus memenuhi ketentuan fiqh diantarannya objek yang diperjualbelikan apakah suci/bersih atau najis. Objek yang ada di toko Gudang Kaos Kaki ini sah diperjualbelikan, akan tetapi apabila pakaian bekas tersebut berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat itu tidak boleh diperjualbelikan. Untuk penentuan harga jual beli tidak ditemukan berapa persen keuntungan. Mencari keuntungan dalam bisnis pada prinsipnya suatu perkara yang jaiz (boleh).
Adapun dalam penyusunan skripsi ini penulis capai adalah untuk mengetahui. 1. Bagaimana perspektif fiqh terhadap objek jual beli pakaian bekas di toko Gudang Kaos Kaki Ponorogo? 2. Bagaimana perspektif fiqh terhadap penentuan harga jual beli pakaian bekas di toko Gudang Kaos Kaki Ponorogo?.
Dalam penelitian ini penulis mengadakan penelitian lapangan (field research). Untuk menggali data lapangan peneliti meggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan analisa dengan metode induktif , yaitu menelaah dari fakta dan data bersifat khusus dan diakhiri dengan kesimpulan yang bersifat umum. Untuk mengelola data, penulis menggunakan editing, organizing, dan penemuan hasil. Dalam peneliti ini penulis menggunakan landasan teori jual beli.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa objek jual beli pakaian bekas itu boleh diperjualbelikan (sah), akan tetapi apabila pakaian bekas tersebut berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat, itu tidak boleh/dilarang untuk diperjualbelikan. Dalam penentuan harganya juga diperbolehkan karena tidak ditemukan berapa persen atau laba (patokan harga suatu barang) yang diperbolehkan. Selama tidak mengandung unsur-unsur keharaman dan kedzaliman dalam praktik pencapaiannya.
Implementasi Jasa Gesek Tunai Pada Media Sosial Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah (Studi Pada Komunitas Gestun All Limit Facebook)
Authors: Purnamasari Intan , Nafi'ah Nafi'ah 
Published: August 2024

Perkembangan teknologi yang mudah dan terbuka tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa berbagai macam transaksi dapat menyebabkan konsumen berbelanja secara impulsif atau bahkan menjadi boros. Banyak faktor yang mendorong konsumen untuk membeli barang yang mereka butuhkan atau inginkan, seperti media sosial facebook yang digunakan sebagai media promosi oleh produsen maupun pengguna untuk menawarkan jasa. Pada e-commerce terdapat kemudahan untuk pengguna melakukan transaksi walaupun mereka belum memiliki dana berbagai kemudahan itu memunculkan transaksi baru yaitu gestun atau gesek tunai. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, berupa kata-kata dan lisan dari hasil observasi maupun wawancara yang diolah dan dianalisis agar dapat menarik sebuah kesimpulan.
Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini dapat di simpulkan bahwa 1. Praktik gestun di grup gestun all limit facebook dilakukan dengan metode checkout dan scan code QRIS yang disediakan oleh penyedia jasa gestun dengan metode pembayaran paylater dengan tenor waktu pelunasan pembayaran sesuai pada aplikasi yang disediakan (1,3,6, hingga 9 bulan) serta penyedia jasa gestun mematok fee diluar biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan pada metode pembayaran paylater, 2. Islam memperbolehkan semua transaksi muamalah yang baik, jika ada transaksi yang batil dan dilarang dalam dalil syara’ maka tidak sah transaksi tersebut. Pada praktik gestun ada unsur-unsur kegiatan yang tidak dibenarkan oleh syara’, yakni adanya aktifitas kebohongan pada transaksi jual beli antara pengguna (pembeli) dan penyedia jasa gestun (penjual).
Trials and Tribulations in the Reanalysis of KELT-24 b: A Case Study for the Importance of Stellar Modeling
Authors: Giovinazzi Mark R. , Cale Bryson , Eastman Jason D. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Blake Cullen H. , Stassun Keivan G. , Vanderburg Andrew , Kunimoto Michelle , Kraus Adam L. , Twicken Joseph , Beatty Thomas G. , Dedrick Cayla M. , Horner Jonathan , Johnson John A. , Johnson Samson A. , McCrady Nate , Plavchan Peter , Sliski David H. , Wilson Maurice L. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Wright Jason T. , Johnson Marshall C. , Rose Mark E. , Cornachione Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a new analysis of the KELT-24 system, comprising a well-aligned hot Jupiter, KELT-24 b, and a bright (V = 8.3), nearby (d = 96.9 pc) F-type host star. KELT-24 b was independently discovered by two groups in 2019, with each reporting best-fit stellar parameters that were notably inconsistent. Here, we present three independent analyses of the KELT-24 system, each incorporating a broad range of photometric and spectroscopic data, including eight sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and more than 200 new radial velocities (RVs) from the MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array. Two of these analyses use KELT-24's observed spectral energy distribution (SED) through a direct comparison to stellar evolutionary models, while our third analysis assumes an unknown additional body contributing to the observed broadband photometry and excludes the SED. Ultimately, we find that the models that include the SED are a poor fit to the available data, so we adopt the system parameters derived without it. We also highlight a single transit-like event observed by TESS, deemed likely to be an eclipsing binary bound to KELT-24, that will require follow-up observations to confirm. We discuss the potential of these additional bodies in the KELT-24 system as a possible explanation for the discrepancies between the results of the different modeling approaches, and explore the system for longer-period planets that may be weakly evident in the RV observations. The comprehensive investigations that we present not only increase the fidelity of our understanding of the KELT-24 system but also serve as a blueprint for future stellar modeling in global analyses of exoplanet systems.
A Multiwavelength Machine-learning Approach to Classifying X-Ray Sources in the Fields of Unidentified 4FGL-DR4 Sources
Authors: Yang Hui , Hare Jeremy , Kargaltsev Oleg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A large fraction of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources in the fourth Fermi-LAT 14 yr catalog (4FGL) still remain unidentified (unIDed). We continued to improve our machine-learning pipeline and used it to classify 1206 X-ray sources with signal-to-noise ratios >3 located within the extent of 73 unIDed 4FGL sources with Chandra X-ray Observatory observations included in the Chandra Source Catalog 2.0. Recent improvements to our pipeline include astrometric corrections, probabilistic cross-matching to lower-frequency counterparts, and a more realistic oversampling method. X-ray sources are classified into eight broad predetermined astrophysical classes defined in the updated training data set, which we also release. We present details of the machine-learning classification, describe the pipeline improvements, and perform an additional spectral and variability analysis for brighter sources. The classifications give 103 plausible X-ray counterparts to 42 GeV sources. We identify 2 GeV sources as isolated neutron star candidates, 16 as active galactic nucleus candidates, seven as sources associated with star-forming regions, and eight as ambiguous cases. For the remaining 40 unIDed 4FGL sources, we could not identify any plausible counterpart in X-rays, or they are too close to the Galactic Center. Finally, we outline the observational strategies and further improvements in the pipeline that can lead to more accurate classifications.
The Fraction of Dust Mass in the Form of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on 10–50 pc Scales in Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Sutter Jessica , Sandstrom Karin , Chastenet Jérémy , Leroy Adam K. , Koch Eric W. , Williams Thomas G. , Chown Ryan , Belfiore Francesco , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Glover Simon C. O. , Groves Brent , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Larson Kirsten L. , Oakes Elias K. , Pathak Debosmita , Ramambason Lise , Rosolowsky Erik , Watkins Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a ubiquitous component of the interstellar medium (ISM) in z ∼ 0 massive, star-forming galaxies and play key roles in ISM energy balance, chemistry, and shielding. Wide field-of-view, high-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) images from JWST provide the ability to map the fraction of dust in the form of PAHs and the properties of these key dust grains at 10–50 pc resolution in galaxies outside the Local Group. We use MIR JWST photometric observations of a sample of 19 nearby galaxies from the Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) survey to investigate the variations of the PAH fraction. By comparison to lower-resolution far-infrared mapping, we show that a combination of the MIRI filters (R
PAH = [F770W+F1130W]/F2100W) traces the fraction of dust by mass in the form of PAHs (i.e., the PAH fraction, or q
PAH). Mapping R
PAH across the 19 PHANGS galaxies, we find that the PAH fraction steeply decreases in H ii regions, revealing the destruction of these small grains in regions of ionized gas. Outside H ii regions, we find R
PAH is constant across the PHANGS sample with an average value of 3.43 ± 0.98, which, for an illuminating radiation field of intensity 2–5 times that of the radiation field in the solar neighborhood, corresponds to q
PAH values of 3%–6%.
Whistler Waves in the Young Solar Wind: Statistics of Amplitude and Propagation Direction from Parker Solar Probe Encounters 1–11
Authors: Choi Kyung-Eun , Agapitov Oleksiy , Colomban Lucas , Bonnell John W. , Mozer Forrest , Sydora Richard D. , Raouafi Nour , Dudok de Wit Thierry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the interplanetary space solar wind plasma, whistler waves are observed in a wide range of heliocentric distances (from ∼20 solar radii (RS) to Jupiter’s orbit). They are known to interact with solar wind suprathermal electrons (strahl and halo) and to regulate the solar wind heat flux through scattering the strahl electrons. We present the results of applying the technique to determine the whistler wave propagation directions to the spectral data continuously collected by the FIELDS instruments on board Parker Solar Probe (PSP). The technique was validated based on the results obtained from burst mode magnetic and electric field waveform data collected during Encounter 1. We estimated the effective length of the PSP electric field antennas for a variety of solar wind conditions in the whistler wave frequency range and utilized these estimates for determining the whistler wave properties during PSP Encounters 1–11. Our findings show that (1) the enhancement of the whistler wave occurrence rate and wave amplitudes observed between 25 and 35 RS is predominantly due to the sunward-propagating whistler wave population associated with the switchback-related magnetic dips; (2) the antisunward or counterpropagating cases are observed at 30–40 RS; (3) between 40 and 50 RS, sunward and antisunward whistlers are observed with comparable occurrence rates; and (4) almost no sunward or counterpropagating whistlers were observed at heliocentric distances above 50 RS.
The Rockets for Extended-source X-ray Spectroscopy Instrument Design
Authors: Miles Drew M. , McEntaffer Randall L. , Tutt James H. , Baker Logan , McCurdy Ross , Myers Bailey , O’Meara Bridget , Weston Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Rockets for Extended-source X-ray Spectroscopy (tREXS) are a series of suborbital rocket payloads designed to collect spectral emission from extended astronomical sources of soft X-rays. The tREXS spectrograph uses mechanical beam-shaping modules and reflection gratings to passively focus and then disperse incident X-rays to an array of Teledyne/e2v CIS 113 CMOS X-ray sensors. Designed to achieve a moderate spectral resolution, R ⪆ 50, from ≈15 to 40 Å over a large field of view (>10 deg2), the tREXS instrument is sensitive to line emission from key ion species over the soft-X-ray band. Here we present the complete end-to-end design of the tREXS spectrograph and discuss its significance and expected performance, using simulated observations of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant and an enhanced region in the soft X-ray background.
A Comparative Study of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the IRAS and SDSS Surveys
Authors: Zhang 张 Shaohua 少华 , Luo 罗 Zhijian 智坚 , Shi 史 Xiheng 习珩 , Shu 束 Chenggang 成钢 , Xiao 肖 Hubing 胡兵 , Zhou 周 Hongyan 宏岩 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), leveraging data from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite Faint Source Catalogue and the spectroscopic catalog in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16. Our meticulous crossmatching technique significantly enhances the reliability of ULIRG identification, resulting in the identification of 283 reliable ULIRGs, including 102 new detections, while discarding 120 previously reported false sources. Covering a redshift range of z = 0.018–0.996, with a median redshift of

z

¯

=
0.259

, our uniform sample reveals apparent interaction features in approximately 40% of ULIRGs, increasing to 92% for those with z < 0.1. Through optical spectra analysis, it is indicated that over 58% of ULIRGs host an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is twice as high as detections based solely on infrared colors. Moreover, a pronounced excess of radio emissions associated with AGN activity results in a steeper radio–far-infrared correlation. Notably, Type I ULIRGs exhibit properties similar to those of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, with an elevated incidence rate of Mg ii broad absorption lines (16.7%), surpassing that of typical optically selected quasars by over tenfold, consistent with current evolutionary models. We anticipate that forthcoming telescopes such as the China Space Station Telescope and Leighton Chajnantor Telescope will provide deeper insights into ULIRG morphology, dust distribution, molecular gas, and AGN activity.
Key features of hospitals antibiotic stewardship software solutions needed for successfully optimizing patient outcomes while fighting antibiotic resistance on a global scale – a shared experience
Authors: Konova Natalia , Petrov Andrey , Pendicheva Diana , Assyov Yavor , Gatchev Emil 
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance threatens the very core of modern medicine and currently costs the EU more than 11.7 billion euro per year. In 2050 it is projected that 10 million people will die from infections with the so called “superbugs”. In the past few decades, no entirely new antibiotic groups are being discovered which makes of crucial importance to preserve the effectiveness of the antibiotics we have today for future generations.
Antimicrobial stewardship programs worldwide aim to optimize the use of antimicrobials to improve effectiveness, safety and economic feasibility of antibiotics while fighting antibiotic resistance on a local and global scale. This article shares the experience of building a software solution from scratch for digitalisation of local antibiotic stewardship policies – what are the key features needed and the steps required for successful implementation of a digital local antibiotic stewardship policy and who are the stakeholders in a project of this nature.
Importance of Manually Vetting Acoustic Bat Call Files: A Case Study for Northern Long-Eared Bats
Authors: Roby Piper L. , Jordan Gary W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Definitively identifying bats based on their acoustic calls is difficult and sometimes impossible. This is particularly true for Myotis species that can make similar calls, which could lead to false positive detections. This is problematic for conducting species presence or probable absence surveys using acoustic detection. Manual vetting of calls to reduce identification error by the automated programs is an option but not a requirement to survey for species listed as threatened or endangered pursuant to the Endangered Species Act. We conducted simultaneous mist net and acoustic surveys for bats in areas of Edgecombe and Johnston counties in eastern North Carolina where there are capture records of a common Myotis species, the southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius, but not for the federally endangered northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis. We caught southeastern myotis at six of the 12 sites surveyed. Although automated acoustics software produced a Maximum Likelihood Estimation value for probable presence of northern long-eared bats at three of the 12 sites surveyed, we did not catch any individuals or confirm the species acoustically through manual vetting. If we had used automated software alone without manual vetting, we would have incorrectly presumed presence of an endangered species at 25% of our sites. Therefore, manual vetting is highly recommended for northern long-eared bat acoustic surveys where southeastern myotis co-occur.
Correlates of burnout among military personnel of Sri Lanka Army: a nested case-control study
Authors: Jothipala Darshitha , Semage Saveen , Balasuriya Aindralal 
Published: August 2024

Background: Burnout is well known mental health problem that can be found in many occupational settings. Due to the potential for concentrating known antecedents, the military context is particularly susceptible to burnout. Sri Lanka Army is the main focal asset in national security, resilience in disaster or any other national threat as the defender of the nation. Due to recent reforms, there is an increased risk that the Sri Lanka Army to experience known correlates of burnout. For the development of policies to enhance the mental health of the army community, it is essential to determine the influential power of those elements.Method: A nested case-control study was carried out. Cases and controls were selected from a cohort of 1692 army soldiers that had been previously chosen to investigate the prevalence of burnout. The validated MBI-GS (Sinhala version), the brief COPE, and the structured questionnaire on correlates of burnout were all included in the self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Cases and controls were defined using the findings of the criteria validity evaluation of MBI-GS (Sinhala version); 386 cases and 766 controls were selected as per the desired case-control ratio of 1:2. After doing a bivariate analysis for dichotomous variables and an independent t test for continuous variables, a binary logistic regression was carried out to determine the antecedents.Results: Altogether 29 factors were identified as significant correlates of burnout through bivariate analysis and t tests, out of those only 14 factors were confirmed through logistic regression. Age of 30 years or below, no additional income, no saved money, have bed ridden dependent, having transport difficulties, past history of psychiatric treatment, family history of psychiatry, frustration about life, being a daily smoker, and practicing dysfunctional coping strategies were identified as risk factors. Whereas satisfied on children support, received special training relevant to current tasks, able to get leave timely and practicing problem focused coping strategies were identified as protective factors.Conclusion: Identified antecedents should consider at policy making of the organization. Early attention and proper action is strongly recommended.
Late-life Attenuation of Cytomegalovirus-mediated CD8 T Cell Memory Inflation: Shrinking of the Cytomegalovirus Latency Niche
Authors: Coplen Christopher P , Sonar Sandip Ashok , Nikolich Janko Ž 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
CMV drives the accumulation of virus-specific, highly differentiated CD8 memory T cells (memory inflation [MI]). In mice, MI was shown to directly correlate with the CMV infection dose, yet the CMV-associated CD8 MI plateaus over time. It is unclear how MI is regulated with aging. We infected young mice with 102, 104, and 106 PFU of murine CMV and confirmed that MI magnitude was directly proportional to the infectious dose, reaching a setpoint by midlife. By old age, MI subsided, most prominently in mice infected with 106 PFU, and reached statistical parity between groups in 26-mo-old mice. This corresponded to an age-related loss in lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes, recently shown to be sufficient to drive MI in mice. We propose that MI size and persistence over the lifespan is controlled by the size of the lymphatic endothelial cell niche, whose shrinking leads to reduced MI with aging.
Diagnostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin, CSF Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and CSF Lactate in Pediatric Bacterial Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Nugrahanto Andika Priamas , Triono Agung , Damroni Rais Aliffandy , Herini Elisabeth Siti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Bacterial meningoencephalitis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges with high morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations worldwide. The early and precise identification of the etiology of these infections is essential for effective treatment and better patient results. Traditional diagnostic methods, while effective, can be time-consuming. This manuscript aims to evaluate the accuracy of serum procalcitonin (PCT), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and CSF lactate as biomarkers in pediatric bacterial meningoencephalitis.

Methods:
From March 2021 to November 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. One hundred ninety-seven patients underwent complete clinical and laboratory examinations before being divided into bacterial and non-bacterial groups based on CSF culture results and cytochemical profiles. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:
Serum PCT, CSF NLR, and CSF lactate levels showed a notable increase in the bacterial meningoencephalitis group (mean = 4.63 ± 5.52 ng/ml, 4.39 ± 6.68, and 3.59 ± 2.38 mmol/l, respectively) compared to the viral/aseptic group (mean = 0.51 ± 0.88 ng/ml, 0.33 ± 0.95, and 2.25 ± 2.33 mmol/l, respectively) (P < 0.001). Serum PCT and CSF NLR combined measurement had high sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (88.6%), with an area under the curve of 0.929 (95% confidence interval, 0.873–0.985), surpassing other tested biomarkers.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that combining serum PCT and CSF NLR could be beneficial for early diagnosis, potentially allowing timely, targeted treatment and differentiating between bacterial and non-bacterial infections, ultimately improving patient outcomes.