bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in diabetic nephropathy-protective and preventive effects on the occurrence of diabetic complications
Authors: Poborowska Dominika , Kahan Weronika , Szafrańska Weronika , Polańska Katarzyna , Wojaczek Marta , Niedbał Piotr , Kosińska Agnieszka , Kras Magdalena , Lelek Katarzyna , Łata Marcin 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose
Nephropathy is characterized by a gradual increase in blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and cardiovascular risk. It is associated with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting in end-stage renal failure. It lowers the standard of living and leads to premature death in patients with this complication of diabetes. The purpose of this article is to present the problem of diabetic nephropathy, possible diagnostic methods, treatment methods with emphasis on the effect of physical activity on improving and alleviating diabetic nephropathy.
State of knowledge
This article reviews the literature on type 1 and type 2 diabetes, diabetic complications with special attention to diabetic nephropathy and the effect of exercise on the frequency and progression of this complication. The number of people with diabetes and the associated complications of diabetes are steadily increasing. Proper diet and physical activity can maintain normal blood glucose levels and slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy as well as other diabetic complications.
Material and method
The literature available in “PubMed” and Google Schoolar was reviewed. The focus was on the problem of complications of diabetes mellitus with a special emphasis on diabetic nephropathy, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment methods and prevention of nephropathy through the beneficial effects of exercise in diabetic patients.
Summary
In our review, we managed to show how diabetic nephropathy is a big problem in diabetic patients. Based on a number of studies, we were able to prove the beneficial effects of physical activity on reducing the incidence of diabetes complications. Through a variety of modalities and mechanisms, exercise helps control blood sugar and blood pressure and reduce serum creatinine and albuminuria, thereby alleviating kidney damage.
Effects of Oral Collagen Supplementation on Skin Aging
Authors: Marzec Weronika Zofia , Marzec Marcelina Teresa , Łakoma Aleksandra , Wydra-Rojek Aleksandra , Marszałek Anna , Kutyła Katarzyna , Mokot Wojciech Jan , Wasiewicz-Ciach Paulina , Kuczyński Piotr , Choiński Maciej 
Published: August 2024

This systematic review evaluates the effects of oral collagen supplementation on skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction. Collagen, a key protein in the skin, decreases with age, causing visible signs of aging. The review synthesizes findings from 31 articles, including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, focusing on the efficacy of hydrolyzed collagen (HC), collagen tripeptides (CP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides (LMWCP). The review also highlights collagen peptides' role in stimulating collagen synthesis, improving skin barrier function, and promoting hydration. Despite some limitations, the evidence supports collagen supplements, as a non-invasive option for improving skin health.

Aim of the Study
The study aims to evaluate the impact of oral collagen supplementation, particularly hydrolyzed collagen (HC), collagen tripeptides (CP), and low molecular weight collagen peptides (LMWCP), on improving skin hydration, elasticity, and wrinkle reduction.

Materials and methods
A review of the literature collected in the PubMed database was performed to gather information found under the key words “collagen supplementation," "skin aging," "hydrolyzed collagen," "collagen peptides," "skin hydration," "skin elasticity," and "wrinkle reduction."
The management of acute complete ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
Authors: Mikhail Mark , Riley Nicholas , Rodrigues Jeremy , Carr Elaine , Horton Robin , Beale Nicholas , Beard David J. , Dean Benjamin J. F. 
Published: August 2024

AimsComplete ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb are a common injury, yet little is known about their current management in the UK. The objective of this study was to assess the way complete UCL ruptures are managed in the UK.MethodsWe carried out a multicentre, survey-based cross-sectional study in 37 UK centres over a 16-month period from June 2022 to September 2023. The survey results were analyzed descriptively.ResultsA total of 37 centres participated, of which nine were tertiary referral hand centres and 28 were district general hospitals. There was a total of 112 respondents (69 surgeons and 43 hand therapists). The strongest influence on the decision to offer surgery was the lack of a firm ‘endpoint’ to stressing the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) in either full extension or with the MCPJ in 30° of flexion. There was variability in whether additional imaging was used in managing acute UCL injuries, with 46% routinely using additional imaging while 54% did not. The use of a bone anchor was by far the most common surgical option for reconstructing an acute ligament avulsion (97%, n = 67) with a transosseous suture used by 3% (n = 2). The most common duration of immobilization for those managed conservatively was six weeks (58%, n = 65) and four weeks (30%, n = 34). Most surgeons (87%, n = 60) and hand therapists (95%, n = 41) would consider randomizing patients with complete UCL ruptures in a future clinical trial.ConclusionThe management of complete UCL ruptures in the UK is highly variable in certain areas, and there is a willingness for clinical trials on this subject.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):708–714.
Clinical sensitivity and time-to-result of a cascaded pooled testing approach for assessing the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection
Authors: Degarege Abraham , Levecke Bruno , Negash Yohannes , Animut Abebe , Erko Berhanu 
Published: August 2024

Background
This study compared the clinical sensitivity and the time-to-result of an individual testing (IT) and a cascaded pooled testing approach (CPT; a positive test result in a pooled sample triggers examination of smaller-sized pools or individual samples) for assessing the prevalence and the intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection. We also compared the sensitivity of the CPT in detecting S. haematobium infection when deploying urine filtration microscopy (UFM) vs. urine reagent strips (URS), and testing 10 mL vs. 15 mL of urine.

Methodology/Principal findings
Between October 2021 and April 2022, S. haematobium eggs were counted in urine samples collected from school-aged children living in the Afar and Gambella Regional States of Ethiopia. Urine samples were collected at baseline (n = 1,288), and one month after administration of praziquantel (n = 118). All urine samples were processed through both an IT and a CPT approach (pools of 5, 10, 20, and 40 individual samples), deploying UFM (10 mL) and URS (10 mL). In addition, 15 mL urine was processed through the CPT deploying UFM. At baseline, the prevalence of S. haematobium infection estimated when using UFM and deploying a CPT approach was significantly lower (17.3%) compared to an IT approach (31.5%). The clinical sensitivity of the CPT in detecting S. haematobium eggs was 51.7%. The sensitivity increased significantly as a function of increasing log transformed urine egg counts (UECs) of the individual samples (OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.63 ― 4.52). The sensitivity was comparable when the amount of urine examined was 10 mL (51.7%) vs. 15 ml (50.8%), and when UFM was used for testing vs. URS (51.5%). The mean log UECs estimated following the CPT approach was lower compared to the estimate by the IT (p <0.001). UECs of the individual samples estimated using the IT and CPT approaches were moderately correlated (r = 0.59 when 10 mL and 15 mL urine was examined after pooling). CPT reduced the time needed for processing urine samples and testing for S. haematobium infection by 29% with UFM and by 27.7% with URS.

Conclusions/Significance
CPT based on UFM and URS techniques may help to rapidly identify areas with higher prevalence of S. haematobium infection (hotspots) in a population. However, the performance of this approach in estimating the prevalence of infection may be compromised, particularly in endemic areas with low intensity infection.
Speech sensorimotor relationships in francophone preschoolers and adults: Adaptation to real-time auditory feedback perturbations
Authors: Trudeau-Fisette Paméla , Vidou Camille , Ménard Lucie 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study investigates the development of sensorimotor relationships by examining adaptation to real-time perturbations of auditory feedback.

Method
Acoustic signals were recorded while preschoolers and adult speakers of Canadian French produced several utterances of the front rounded vowel /ø/ for which F2 was gradually shifted up to a maximum of 40%.

Results
The findings indicate that, although preschool-aged children produced overall similar responses to the perturbed feedback, they displayed significantly more trial-to-trial variability than adults. Furthermore, whereas the magnitude of the adaptation in adults was positively correlated with the slope of the perceptual categorical function, the amount of adaptation in children was linked to the variability of their productions in the baseline condition. These patterns suggest that the immature motor control observed in children, which contributes to increased variability in their speech production, plays a role in shaping adaptive behavior, as it allows children to explore articulatory/acoustic spaces and learn sensorimotor relationships.
CagA toxin and risk of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric phenotype: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Naing Cho , Aung Htar Htar , Aye Saint Nway , Poovorawan Yong , Whittaker Maxine A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is frequently associated with non-cardia type gastric cancer, and it is designated as a group I carcinogen. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence on the prevalence of CagA status in people with gastric disorders in the Indo-Pacific region, and to examine the association of CagA positive in the risk of gastric disorders. This study focused on the Indo-Pacific region owing to the high disability adjusted life-years related to these disorders, the accessibility of efficient treatments for this common bacterial infection, and the varying standard of care for these disorders, particularly among the elderly population in the region.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified in the health-related electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, Medline, Ovid Embase, Index Medicus, and Google Scholar that were published in English between 1 January 2000, and 18 November 2023. For pooled prevalence, meta-analysis of proportional studies was done, after Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation of data. A random-effect model was used to compute the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the relationship between CagA positivity and gastric disorders.

Results
Twenty-four studies from eight Indo-Pacific countries (Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) were included. Overall pooled prevalence of CagA positivity in H. pylori-infected gastric disorders was 83% (95%CI = 73–91%). Following stratification, the pooled prevalence of CagA positivity was 78% (95%CI = 67–90%) in H. pylori-infected gastritis, 86% (95%CI = 73–96%) in peptic ulcer disease, and 83% (95%CI = 51–100%) in gastric cancer. Geographic locations encountered variations in CagA prevalence. There was a greater risk of developing gastric cancer in those with CagA positivity compared with gastritis (OR = 2.53,95%CI = 1.15–5.55).

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the distribution of CagA in H. pylori-infected gastric disorders varies among different type of gastric disorders in the study countries, and CagA may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. It is important to provide a high standard of care for the management of gastric diseases, particularly in a region where the prevalence of these disorders is high. Better strategies for effective treatment for high-risk groups are required for health programs to revisit this often-neglected infectious disease.
Hemodynamic differences determining rupture and non-rupture in middle cerebral aneurysms after growth
Authors: Nishiwaki Takayuki , Ikedo Taichi , Kushi Yuji , Shimonaga Koji , Kobayashi Hiroki , Itazu Takaaki , Otsuka Ryotaro , Tega Jota , Hamano Eika , Imamura Hirotoshi , Mori Hisae , Nakamura Masanori , Kato Takayuki , Shirakami Shinichi , Iihara Koji , Iwama Toru , Kataoka Hiroharu 
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose
Intracranial aneurysm growth is a significant risk factor for rupture; however, a few aneurysms remain unruptured for long periods, even after growth. Here, we identified hemodynamic features associated with aneurysmal rupture after growth.

Materials and methods
We analyzed nine middle cerebral artery aneurysms that grew during the follow-up period using computational fluid dynamics analysis. Growth patterns of the middle cerebral artery aneurysms were divided into homothetic growth (Type 1), de novo bleb formation (Type 2), and bleb enlargement (Type 3). Hemodynamic parameters of the four ruptured aneurysms after growth were compared with those of the five unruptured aneurysms.

Results
Among nine aneurysms (78%), seven were Type 1, one was Type 2, and one was Type 3. Three (43%) Type 1 aneurysms ruptured after growth. Maximum oscillatory shear index after aneurysmal growth was significantly higher in ruptured Type 1 cases than in unruptured Type 1 cases (ruptured vs. unruptured: 0.455 ± 0.007 vs. 0.319 ± 0.042, p = 0.003). In Type 1 cases, a newly emerged high-oscillatory shear index area was frequently associated with rupture, indicating a rupture point. Aneurysm growth was observed in the direction of the high-pressure difference area before enlargement. In Types 2 and 3 aneurysms, the maximum oscillatory shear index decreased slightly, however, the pressure difference values remain unchanged. In Type 3 aneruysm, the maximum OSI and PD values remained unchanged.

Conclusions
This study suggests that hemodynamic variations and growth pattern changes are crucial in rupture risk determination using computational fluid dynamics analysis. High-pressure difference areas may predict aneurysm enlargement direction. Additionally, high maximum oscillatory shear index values after enlargement in cases with homothetic growth patterns were potential rupture risk factors.
Cross-relationship between COVID-19 infection and anti-obesity products efficacy and incidence of side effects: A cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Mezayen Nesrine S. , Abelrazik Yasser R. , Khalifa Dina M. , Dorbouk Nada M. , Moaaz Mai A. , Ali Merna M. , Evy Alaa G. , Mohamed Elshaimaa G. , Abdelhadi Ahmed M. , Adly Irinie , Shams Nilly A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Obesity and COVID-19 are at the top of nowadays health concerns with significant crosstalk between each other. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected healthy lifestyles and increased obesity prevalence. Thus, there was a surge in anti-obesity products (AOPs) intake. Herein, we evaluated how the pandemic has affected slimming products’ efficacy and safety in patients seeking weight reduction at an urban, weight management centre in Alexandria, Egypt. In addition, the effect of AOPs on COVID-19 infection severity was also appraised to detect whether AOPs can alter COVID-19 host cell entry and infective mechanisms, and thus, affect infection severity.

Methods
Patients were invited to complete an anonymous survey. The survey assessed self-reported changes in weight, the use of AOPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 infection severity, AOPs efficacy, and incidence of side effects. Inclusion criteria were obese patients above 18 years old who got infected by COVID-19 while receiving a single-ingredient AOP.

Results
A total of 462 participants completed our anonymous validated questionnaire. Most of the participants were females (450; 98.4%) with BMI ranging from 24.98–58.46. Eligible participants were only 234 and the top-administered products were orlistat, liraglutide, metformin, green tea, cinnamon, Garcinia cambogia, and Gymnema Sylvestre. In most cases, AOPs intake was beneficial for COVID-19 infection, and most patients experienced mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 significantly interferes with AOPs’ mechanisms of action which positively or negatively influences their efficacy and side effects incidence due to predictable pharmacological link.

Conclusion
Concurrent AOPs intake with COVID-19 infection is a two-sided weapon; AOPs attenuate COVID-19 infection, while SARS-CoV-2 interferes with efficacy and side effects incidence of AOPs.
A review of single-handed coaxial phacoemulsification technique for cataract surgery
Authors: Setyandriana Yunani , Zain Nurul Attikah 
Published: August 2024

Background: Currently, cataract surgery is categorized into two main techniques: phacoemulsification and femtosecond-laser-assisted-cataract-surgery (FLACS)..Objective: The objective of this study was to present a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the single-handed coaxial phacoemulsification technique used in cataract surgery.Methods: The study conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. The participants included in our study were individuals diagnosed with simple cataract. These individuals had treatment using either single-handed or two-handed phacoemulsification or FLACS techniques. Publications predating the year 2000 were omitted from consideration. The abstracts of the publications were analyzed utilizing the PRISMA diagram, and those deemed to be somewhat and highly pertinent were incorporated. In total, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on six research, consisting of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-randomized controlled trials (nonRCTs).Results: The visual acuity (VA) shown a statistically significant improvement in the single-handed group compared to the two-handed group at the one-week postoperative assessment (p<0.05). However, this difference was not observed at the one-month and three-month postoperative assessments. The single-handed group had a smaller angle of error (AE) compared to the two-handed group (p=0.005). Additionally, another study observed an improvement in visual acuity (VA) in individuals who underwent single-handed, two-handed group, and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). However, the study did not identify any statistically significant variations in VA improvement across the three groups. There was no statistically significant difference observed among the three groups in relation to ECL and CCT. The intraoperative phacoparameter exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the single-handed group (P<0.01) compared to the two-handed group, while it did not differ substantially from the femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) group.Conclusion: When comparing the two-handed phacoemulsification technique to FLACS, it was observed that a single-handed method exhibited a reduced angle of error, minimized corneal damage, and exhibited early visual outcomes.
Numerical experiments investigating the influence of drag on trajectory patterns of floating macroalgae
Authors: Coppin Ross , Rautenbach Christo , Smit Albertus J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ocean currents are a crucial means of dispersing natural and human-made materials on the ocean surface. Macroalgae are among the most conspicuous natural dispersers, often called the ‘tumbleweeds of the ocean.’ Despite numerous studies on the subject, the relative influence of wind and surface currents on the trajectory of macroalgal dispersal remains uncertain. Previous studies have focused on kelp rafts of varying sizes, making it challenging to determine the impact of wind versus currents. These studies have also disregarded the macroalgae’s drag characteristics and surface area, which have been shown to impact the trajectory and accumulation of floating flotsam. This numerical study aims to shed light on the relative influence of wind and currents and the role of drag in determining the course and accumulation of macroalgae. By comparing simulations of virtual kelp ‘particles’ that incorporate drag and those without, this study focused on solitary kelp plants and considered the impact of morphological characteristics, flow-field combinations, and the presence of Stokes drift. Our results show that virtual kelp particles generally followed ocean currents, but the inclusion of drag caused deviations from purely Lagrangian particles’ trajectories and sheds light on the complex interplay of factors affecting macroalgal dispersal in the ocean.
Long-term efficacy and safety of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone in treating Chinese children with growth hormone deficiency: a 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Hou Lele , Lin Shaofen , Liu Zulin , Zhang Lina , Ou Hui , Huang Siqi , Dai Huilian , Meng Zhe , Liang Liyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study endeavored to evaluate the prolonged efficacy and safety of PEGylated rhGH (PEG-rhGH) administration in Chinese children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) over a 5-year period.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on children with GHD, who received a 0.2 mg/kg/week dose of PEG-rhGH between 2016 and 2023 in our department.

Results
The height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) exhibited a marked elevation post-PEG-rhGH administration (p<0.001), sustaining this enhancement beyond year 3, with increments recorded at 0.94±0.37, 1.49±0.48, 1.77±0.51, 2.12±0.65, and 2.15±0.58 across 5 years. Similarly, the height velocity (HV), insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score (IGF-1 SDS), and bone age to chronological age ratio (BA/CA ratio) underwent significant augmentations (p<0.01). Remarkably, no signs of rapid bone maturation were detected during the 5-year observation. Among the participants, 31 patients (59.62 %) experienced adverse events, of which eight instances (15.38 %) were classified as treatment-related adverse events, but none were severe or unexpected. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels rose while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels fell, both remaining within the standard range throughout the treatment phase.

Conclusions
Administering PEG-rhGH at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/week proved both effective and well-tolerated in treating prepubertal children with GHD. This regimen also demonstrated positive impacts on lipid metabolism over an extended treatment period.
Old Woman Meteorite: microstructures, analyses, and stories
Authors: Hogue F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Old Woman Meteorite (OWM), the second largest found in the USA, was located by prospectors in a steep canyon in the Mojave Desert about 20 km south of Highway 66 in March of 1976. Because of its weight of nearly 3 metric tons it had to be airlifted out of the mountains by a US Marine helicopter.
A small triangular metallographic sample, on loan from the University of California Los Angeles, UCLA, was examined by light microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to identify the structures and phases present.
Rhabdites and schreibersite are visible in the as-polished condition. Nital etchant reveals grain boundaries and Neumann bands. Etching with Klemm I colors kamacite grains(ferrite) and Neumann bands in shades of blue and brown according to the crystal orientation. Prism shaped rhabdites stay white. Many rhabdites show cracks at the intersection with Neumann bands.
Three areas with unusual structures were found. EDS dot maps identified one as schreibersite, another area contains troilite, schreibersite, brezinaite and possibly taenite, the third location contains Fe, Ni, P and S.