bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance of the cantilever segment in prefabricated stepped beam–column joints
Authors: Li Yun , An Yi , Cheng Xin , Li Wenda , Jin Yuehan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe seismic performance and construction speed of the prefabricated steel structures are greatly influenced by the configuration of the beam–column joints. The stepped beam–column joint proposed in this paper, featuring with flush surfaces on both the upper and lower beam flanges, was designed to satisfy the requirements of favorable seismic resistance and high installation efficiency. Notably, the junction between the stepped cantilever segment and the stepped beam segment is crucial in the stepped joint. Therefore, cyclic loading tests were conducted on two cantilever specimens with different connection forms to determine their seismic behavior and failure modes. The experimental results indicated that the connection forms have a minor effect on the elastic phase behavior. However, a significant influence was observed on the ultimate load‐bearing capacity and energy dissipation. The result also indicated that the specimen with a thicker end plate exhibited excellent seismic performance, with favorable load‐bearing and plastic deformation capacity. The seismic performance of the joint specimen with U‐shaped latch was inferior, with the welding seam on the flange connected to the end plate tearing prematurely due to the stress concentration. Besides, elaborate finite element models were established, which were confirmed by the test results. Finally, parametric analysis considering the effect of end plate thickness was conducted, and the bolts' forces during the loading progress on the connection surfaces were analyzed. The result indicated that the joint's load‐bearing capacity and stiffness would decrease with the reduction of end plate thickness.
A low‐rank method for parameter‐dependent fluid‐structure interaction discretizations with hyperelasticity
Authors: Benner Peter , Richter Thomas , Weinhandl Roman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFluid‐structure interaction models are used to study how a material interacts with different fluids at different Reynolds numbers. Examining the same model not only for different fluids but also for different solids allows to optimize the choice of materials for construction even better. A possible answer to this demand is parameter‐dependent discretization. Furthermore, low‐rank techniques can reduce the complexity needed to compute approximations to parameter‐dependent fluid‐structure interaction discretizations. Low‐rank methods have been applied to parameter‐dependent linear fluid‐structure interaction discretizations. The linearity of the operators involved allows to translate the resulting equations to a single matrix equation. The solution is approximated by a low‐rank method. In this paper, we propose a new method that extends this framework to nonlinear parameter‐dependent fluid‐structure interaction problems by means of the Newton iteration. The parameter set is split into disjoint subsets. On each subset, the Newton approximation of the problem related to the median parameter is computed and serves as initial guess for one Newton step on the whole subset. This Newton step yields a matrix equation whose solution can be approximated by a low‐rank method. The resulting method requires a smaller number of Newton steps if compared with a direct approach that applies the Newton iteration to the separate problems consecutively. In the experiments considered, the proposed method allows to compute a low‐rank approximation up to twenty times faster than by the direct approach.
Significance of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory and convective heat transport on Maxwell nanofluid flow
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Shoaib , Irfan Muhammad , Mansoor Muavia , Muhammad Taseer , Ul‐Hassan Qazi Mahmood 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, nanofluids, which are solutions of fluids mixed with suspended nano‐particles, for instance, carbon nanotubes, metals, and metal oxides, have become a favorable alternative to conventional coolants. Caused by their outstanding thermal performance of conductivity, nanofluids are extensively used in battery‐operated drums, thermoelectric producers, and solar power. The suspension of minor solid components in energy dispersion fluids boosts their thermal enactment of conductivity and gives an economical and resourceful method to increase their transfer properties of heat significantly. Furthermore, additions of nanofluids to numerous engineering and mechanical matters, for instance, electrical kit conserving, heat exchangers, and chemical progressions, are uses of nanofluid. Here, the purpose of this work is to elaborate on the flow of Maxwell nanofluid by considering chemical reactions and heat sink/source. The mathematical structure is established with the presence of Brownian movement and thermophoresis effects. The remarkable aspects of non‐Fourier heat flux are also considered with the transport phenomenon of convective conditions. The similarity alterations change the partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained expressions of ODEs are solved numerically via the bvp4c approach. The graphical sketches display the declining behavior of Maxwell factor for velocity; however, the same impacts are examined for Brownian and thermophoresis factors. Furthermore, Schmidt and chemical reaction factors decline the concentration field of Maxwell nanofluid.
Shifted Legendre Gauss‐Lobatto collocation scheme for solving nonlinear coupled space‐time fractional reaction‐advection diffusion equations
Authors: Anjuman  , Chopra Manish , Das Subir , Altenbach Holm 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work aims to develop and apply an algorithm for solving space‐time fractional reaction‐advection diffusion (STFRAD) nonlinear coupled equations with specified initial and boundary conditions by employing a Shifted Legendre Gauss‐Lobatto collocation (SLGLC) scheme. The fractional derivatives of time and space are defined in Caputo sense. The approximate solutions have been constructed with the help of shifted Legendre polynomials. The proposed numerical scheme reduces the coupled fractional order differential equations into a system of algebraic equations which can then be easily solved. The error analysis through the two test problems is carried out to validate the efficiency and efficacy of the method. The effect of advection and reaction terms, and various space‐time fractional order derivatives on the solution profiles have been studied and are shown graphically for different particular cases. It has been observed that the species whose transport is simulated using STFRADE shows higher concentration at a specific distance in porous media in case of integer order differential equations as compared to fractional order equations demonstrating overestimation of its impact in case of integer order differential equation. This is extremely important observation with respect to applications in the field of groundwater pollution management. The salient feature of the article is the stability and convergence analyses of the proposed scheme on the concerned model, which demonstrates the effectiveness and capabilities of the developed method.
Undocumented Migration
Authors: Englund Lena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advocacy dimension of many of the texts examined in this book relates to the lives of people who struggle to obtain proper documentation and access to citizenship. This is the focus of this chapter which centres on two memoirs by writers who are so-called Dreamers and arrived as undocumented children in the United States: Dear America: Notes of an Undocumented Citizen (2018) by Jose Antonio Vargas and The Undocumented Americans (2021) by Karla Cornejo Villavicencio. The two memoirs hope to bring attention to those undocumented and their insurmountable difficulties in gaining permanent residence and/or citizenship. Vargas offers his personal story as part of the work he does for greater awareness about migrants and their lives, and Cornejo Villavicencio, in addition to her autobiographical account, interviews day labourers who work without papers and access for example to health care. Both memoirs also work to highlight the impossible choices those undocumented may be left with, and to call for responsibility for the lives of people who live on the margins of society. Responsibility is placed on American authorities, legislation, and on attitudes towards migrants.
Representation, Aspirations, Advocacy
Authors: Englund Lena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe final chapter summarizes findings and offers a discussion of the main topics addressed and questions raised throughout this book. Representation, aspirations, and advocacy emerge as central themes in the material examined, and they are arguably also at the heart of many debates on migration concerning borders, citizenship, the asylum system, and many more contested issues. The balancing between personal and societal stories and narratives of migration is central to much of the primary material analysed, and several texts hope to make a difference and to transform how migrants are talked about. The contemporary migration story leaves the reader with responsibility to tie up any loose ends, to make the moral judgment themselves. The author presents the facts, or the fiction, and the reader connects the dots. This makes contemporary migration writing interactive, demanding participation from readers and encouraging reading practices that go beyond feelings of empathy or outrage.
Searching for exclusive leptoquarks with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio composite model at the LHC and HL-LHC
Authors: Ajmal S. , Gaglione J. T. , Gurrola A. , Panella O. , Presilla M. , Romeo F. , Sun H. , Xue S.-S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed study concerning a new physics scenario involving four fermion operators of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type characterized by a strong-coupling ultraviolet fixed point where composite particles are formed as bound states of elementary fermions at the scale $$ \Lambda =\mathcal{O}\left(\textrm{TeV}\right) $$
Λ
=
O

TeV

. After implementing the model in the Universal FeynRules Output format, we focus on the phenomenology of the scalar leptoquarks at the LHC and the High-Luminosity option. Leptoquark particles have undergone extensive scrutiny in the literature and experimental searches, primarily relying on pair production and, more recently, incorporating single, Drell-Yan t-channel, and lepton-induced processes. This study marks, for the first time, the examination of these production modes at varying jet multiplicities. Novel mechanisms emerge, enhancing the total production cross section. A global strategy is devised to capture all final state particles produced in association with leptoquarks or originating from their decay, which we termed “exclusive”, in an analogy to the nomenclature used in nuclear reactions. The assessment of the significance in current and future LHC runs, focusing on the case of a leptoquark coupling to a muon–c quark pair, reveals greater sensitivity compared to ongoing searches. Given this heightened discovery potential, we advocate the incorporation of exclusive leptoquark searches in future investigations at the LHC.
Chaotic and thermal aspects in the highly excited string S-matrix
Authors: Das Diptarka , Mandal Santanu , Sarkar Anurag 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute tree level scattering amplitudes involving more than one highly excited states and tachyons in bosonic string theory. We use these amplitudes to understand the chaotic and thermal aspects of the excited string states lending support to the Susskind-Horowitz-Polchinski correspondence principle. The unaveraged amplitudes exhibit chaos in the resonance distribution as a function of the kinematic parameters, which can be described by random matrix theory. Upon coarse-graining, these amplitudes are shown to exponentiate, and capture various thermal features, including features of a stringy version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis as well as notions of typicality. Further, we compute the effective string form factor corresponding to the highly excited states, and argue for the random walk behaviour of the long strings.
Study of τ− → ωπ−ντ decay in resonance chiral theory with tensor sources
Authors: Chen Feng-Zhi , Li Xin-Qiang , Peng Shi-Can , Yang Ya-Dong , Zou Yuan-He 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we make a study of the τ− → ωπ−ντ decay in the framework of low-energy effective field theory. The $$ {J}^{\mathcal{P}G} $$

J

P
G

decompositions of the quark currents and the ωπ final state show that, besides the Standard Model vector interaction, only the non-standard tensor interaction can have a non-zero contribution to the decay. To discuss its effect, a reliable calculation of the ωπ tensor form factors is necessary. After constructing the Lagrangian of resonance chiral theory with external tensor sources, we calculate both the vector and tensor form factors with the relevant resonance couplings determined by combining the QCD short-distance constraints, the fit to the spectral function of τ− → ωπ−ντ decay, as well as the matching between the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({p}^4\right) $$
O

p
4

odd-intrinsic-parity operators after integrating out the vector resonances and the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({p}^6\right) $$
O

p
6

operators of chiral perturbation theory. The new physics effect is then investigated in the distributions of the spectral function and the forward-backward asymmetry of τ− → ωπ−ντ decay. We find that the spectral function is dominated by the Standard Model, and the non-standard tensor contribution is negligible. However, since the forward-backward asymmetry can be only generated with a non-zero tensor interaction, the observable is quite sensitive to this kind of new physics. A future measurement of the observable at the Belle II experiment as well as at the proposed Tera-Z and STCF facilities is, therefore, strongly called for to check the existence of such a non-standard tensor interaction.
Proteomic diversity of Russell's viper venom: exploring PLA2 isoforms, pharmacological effects, and inhibitory approaches
Authors: Srinivasan Kishore , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Khandibharad Shweta , Singh Shailza , Nayak Akshatha Ganesh , Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSnakebite envenomation is a serious health concern in tropical regions, resulting in high mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a neglected tropical disease and is working on strategies to reduce mortality. Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) is one of the most abundant venomous snakes found across Southeast Asia. Proteomic analysis of Russell’s viper venom has demonstrated variation, with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) being the most abundant toxin across geographic boundaries. PLA2, a major constituent of the low-molecular-weight fraction of snake venom, hydrolyses phospholipids at the sn-2 position, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. They are reported to cause various pharmacological effects, including hemolysis, anticoagulation, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, and oedema. Though administration of antivenoms (ASV) is the primary treatment for envenomation, it has many drawbacks. Besides causing hypersensitivity reactions and life-threatening anaphylaxis, treatment with ASV is further complicated due to its inability to neutralize low-molecular-weight toxins. Thus, there is a greater need to produce next-generation antivenoms that can target specific toxins in the venom. In this review, we explored the classification of Russell’s viper and the variation in its proteomic profile across Southeast Asia to date. In addition, we have also summarized the mechanism of action of PLA2 and discussed various isoforms of PLA2 found across different regions with their respective pharmacological effects. Finally, the drawbacks of commercially available antivenoms and the molecules investigated for inhibiting the low-molecular-weight toxin, PLA2 are discussed.
Yangian of the Periplectic Lie Superalgebra
Authors: Nazarov Maxim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study in detail the Yangian of the periplectic Lie superalgebra. For this Yangian we verify an analogue of the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt Theorem. Moreover we introduce a family of free generators of the centre of this Yangian.
Bilateral juvenile temporal arteritis: a case-based review
Authors: Marques-Soares Joana , Garcia-Domingo Mª Isabel , Leal Cinthya Báez , Alijotas-Reig Jaume 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJuvenile Temporal Arteritis (JTA) is a rare non-granulomatous vasculitis affecting the superficial temporal arteries, mostly in individuals under 45 years old. It is often misdiagnosed due to its benign nature and the absence of systemic symptoms. Herein, we present a case report of a 40-year-old woman who initially presented with painless nodules in the left temporal area. Following a biopsy, the patient developed additional nodules not only in the same temple but also on the contralateral side. Remarkably, these nodules underwent spontaneous regression without further treatment, highlighting the variability in JTA’s course and distinctive response to intervention. In addition, through a systematic literature review of 43 case reports – 17 with bilateral involvement – we aimed to thoroughly understand the clinical and histopathological findings, diagnostic processes, and treatment responses in JTA, with an emphasis on cases with bilateral involvement. Findings indicate that JTA typically presents as painless or painful temporal nodules, rarely accompanied by other non-specific symptoms, making histopathological examination crucial for accurate diagnosis. Collectively, our work provides the most extensive account of bilateral JTA cases to date. It emphasizes the need for clinical awareness of this condition, contributes valuable data to the limited information available on this rare condition and serves as a stepping-stone for further inquiry. The main takeaway from this review is the variable nature of JTA and the importance of histopathology in diagnosis, which helps clinicians avoid excessive testing and overtreatment and anticipate possible spontaneous resolution.
Improving hidradenitis suppurativa management: consensus statements from physicians and patients’ perspectives
Authors: Marzano Angelo Valerio , Magnoni Cristina , Micali Giuseppe , De Magnis Angelina , Pintori Giuseppina , Fiorini Simone , Simonella Valentina , Bastioli Linda , Nappi Francesca , Pappagallo Giovanni , Prignano Francesca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine sweat glands, presenting with comedones, papules, nodules, and abscesses, as well as tunnels and hypertrophic scarring. Despite its prevalence and impact on quality of life, the pathogenesis of HS remains incompletely understood. Notably, its diagnosis often suffers from delays and misidentification, therefore an improved education for healthcare providers is mandatory. Moreover, HS is frequently associated with systemic comorbidities and a multidisciplinary approach is suggested for its management. Recognizing these challenges, a group of Italian HS experts and patients convened to develop consensus guidelines via the Nominal Group Technique. Through iterative meetings and remote collaboration, they identified key areas for improvement and formulated consensus statements to guide healthcare providers in delivering optimal care. This collaborative effort highlights the importance of standardized approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing HS effectively.
Association between four insulin resistance surrogates and the risk of esophageal cancer: a prospective cohort study using the UK Biobank
Authors: Yang Chuang , Cheng Wenke , Plum Patrick S. , Köppe Jeanette , Gockel Ines , Thieme René 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study explored the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG), TyG index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), metabolic score for insulin resistance (IR) (METS-IR) and the risk of esophageal cancer.

Methods
A total of 388,900 participants from the United Kingdom Biobank from 2006 to 2010 were included. Fine-Gray models, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the association between the four IR surrogates and the risk of esophageal cancer, specifically, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Results
Ten years after recruitment, 0.16% (95%CI 0.11–0.26%) had esophageal cancer and 4.17% (95%CI 3.86–4.46%) are deceased. For each standard deviation increase in the TyG index, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR, the risk of EAC increased by Hazard ratios (HR)1.16, 1.37, 1.08, and 1.36, respectively (all P < 0.05), while the risk of ESCC decreased by HRs 0.80, 0.67, 0.77, and 0.65, respectively. RCS analysis indicated that most relationships were nonlinear (P < 0.05). ROC curves showed that METS-IR had a more robust diagnostic efficacy than TyG, TyG-BMI, and TG/HDL-C.

Conclusion
TyG index, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR were closely associated with the risk of EAC and ESCC. Additionally, METS-IR surpassed the other three IR indices in predicting and diagnosing the risks of EAC and ESCC. The METS-IR is expected to become a more effective metric for identifying populations at early risk of esophageal cancer and for improving risk stratification.
Umbrella review of systematic reviews on the efficacy and safety of using mesh in the prevention of parastomal hernias
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Dourado Justin , Rogers Peter , Wignakumar Anjelli , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
This umbrella review aimed to summarize the findings and conclusions of published systematic reviews on the prophylactic role of mesh against parastomal hernias in colorectal surgery.

Methods
PRISMA-compliant umbrella overview of systematic reviews on the role of mesh in prevention of parastomal hernias was conducted. PubMed and Scopus were searched through November 2023. Main outcomes were efficacy and safety of mesh. Efficacy was assessed by the rates of clinically and radiologically detected hernias and the need for surgical repair, while safety was assessed by the rates of overall complications.

Results
19 systematic reviews were assessed; 7 included only patients with end colostomy and 12 included patients with either ileostomy or colostomy. The use of mesh significantly reduced the risk of clinically detected parastomal hernias in all reviews except one. Seven reviews reported a significantly lower risk of radiologically detected parastomal hernias with the use of mesh. The pooled hazards ratio of clinically detected and radiologically detected parastomal hernias was 0.33 (95%CI: 0.26–0.41) and 0.55 (95%CI: 0.45–0.68), respectively. Six reviews reported a significant reduction in the need for surgical repair when a mesh was used whereas six reviews found a similar need for hernia repair. The pooled hazards ratio for surgical hernia repair was 0.46 (95%CI: 0.35–0.62). Eight reviews reported similar complications in the two groups. The pooled hazard ratio of complications was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.66-1).

Conclusions
The use of surgical mesh is likely effective and safe in the prevention of parastomal hernias without an increased risk of overall complications.