bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Transpancreatic Sphincterotomy, Double Guidewire Technique, and Precut Sphincterotomy in Difficult Naive Biliary Cannulations in a Tertiary Care Center in Western India
Authors: Chopra Shivani , Rawat Vikramaditya , Ingle Meghraj , Lad Saiprasad , Sasikumar Deepak , Borkar Vinay D. , Lunagariya Yatin , B. Kiran , Shah Mit , Tailor Chintan , Patil Somraj 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Difficult biliary cannulation leads to prolonged papillary manipulation and repeated attempts at cannulation are known to increase the risk of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. This study aims to compare the efficacy and complications of three rescue methods, transpancreatic biliary sphincterotomy (TP), double guidewire technique (DGW), and precut sphincterotomy (precut) in difficult common bile duct (CBD) cannulations.
Methods Seventy-six patients (>12 years of age) with a native papilla undergoing ERCP for biliary cannulation were recruited. Those who had inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulations (>1) were included. A pancreatic stent was inserted in all cases. They underwent either DGW (n = 25), precut (n = 25), or TP (n = 26) as rescue methods and were compared in terms of the success of cannulation and post-ERCP complications.
Results Of the total 76 cases, 82% were for benign indications, the most common being choledocholithiasis (69.7%). Jaundice was noted in 52% (n = 13/25), 60% (n = 15/25), and 38.5% (n = 10/26) of the DGW, precut, and TP cases, while 40% (n = 10/25), 12% (n = 3/25), and 30.8% (n = 8/26), respectively, were in cholangitis at presentation. The most common type of papilla was type 1 overall and each subgroup. While successful cannulation was achieved in 88.5% (n = 23/26) of TP and 84% (n = 21/25) of the DGW group, only 64% (n = 16/25) of the precut cases were cannulated. Three (n = 3/25) cases had mild bleeding and two mild pancreatitis, one severe pancreatitis, and one perforation were recorded in the precut group. One patient each had severe and mild pancreatitis in the DGW group, while one had mild pancreatitis and two had moderate pancreatitis in the TP group. All the patients were managed conservatively.
Conclusion There was no significant difference in the technical success rate (p = 0.075) as well as complications (p = 0.117) between the three salvage methods for difficult naive CBD cannulations.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Healthy Libyan Eyes
Authors: Elmsalaty Osama R. , Bukhatwa Samar A. 
Published: August 2024

Background Endothelial cell density and morphology vary across ethnic groups.
Aim This article investigates the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in healthy Libyan eyes.
Methods A 3-month cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Benghazi Teaching Eye Hospital, involving 198 eyes of 100 healthy Libyan participants. The noncontact Topcon specular microscope (SP-1P model) was used to assess the following parameters: the mean central corneal thickness (CCT), the mean cell density (MCD), the mean coefficient of variation (CV%), and the mean percentage of the hexagonal cell (Hex [%]). The variables were analyzed in relation to age and gender using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0)
Results The mean age of participants in this study was 47.4 ± 13.8 years (range 21–75 years). The mean CCT was 516.45 ± 43.04 μm, the MCD was 2664.30 ± 371.26 cells/mm2, the mean CV% was 32.3% ± 3.7, and the mean Hex (%) was 52.8% ± 9.6. There was no statistical difference in the age, CCT, and MCD across genders. Whereas CV (%) and Hex (%) showed significant gender differences (p < 0.01 for both). There was a significant negative weak correlation between CCT (r = –0.10) and age, as well as a significant negative moderate correlation between MCD and Hex (%) with age (r = –0.36 and r = –0.31, respectively). CV% exhibited a significant, moderately positive association with age (r = 0.35). The higher endothelial cell loss rate of 8.4% was in the third decade of life whereas other age groups ranged between 1.1 and 2.7%.
Conclusion The normative data for the endothelium of Libyan eyes are reported, which can be used as a baseline for future studies.
MIST or INSURE in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Sayed Marwa Kamel Mohammed , Hassanien Farouk Elsayed , Khalaf Mostafa Shafeek , Badawy Ahlam Badawy Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are typically administered surfactant via the intubation and extubation procedure (INSURE). A variety of surfactant administration practices are available today. The term “SURE” (surfactant without endotracheal intubation) refers to any approach that requires direct laryngoscopy but uses a narrow catheter instead of an endotracheal tube. They include Take Care, LISA (least invasive surfactant administration), and MIST (minimally invasive surfactant therapy). MIST approaches avoid intubation while minimizing airway damage and barotrauma. This study sought to determine the practicality, effectiveness, and security of using the MIST approach to administer surfactant to premature infants with RDS. The study examined 90 preterm infants who were born before 36 weeks with respiratory distress and were able to breathe on their own. They were divided into two groups of 45 infants each: the MIST and INSURE groups. Both surfactant administration procedures were tested to determine their impact on morbidity and mortality in newborns. The study revealed no noticeable differences between both groups in maternal or newborn factors. Still, the MIST group exhibited a significantly decreasing necessity of mechanical ventilation (MV), had shorter MV and continuous positive airway pressure durations, and significantly reduced periventricular–intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) and death. The MIST procedure is pragmatic and reliable, and it decreases the need for MV and mortality in preterm infants who need surfactant treatment. It decreases the occurrence of PIVH in susceptible subgroups.
Methodology for evaluation of complex school-based health promotion interventions
Authors: O’Byrne Yvonne , Dinneen J. , Coppinger T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is a need for careful examination of large volumes of collected (structured and unstructured) information related to school-based evaluation. There is also no published, comprehensive framework/s for evaluating complex interventions in Irish primary schools. The aim of this paper is to outline a methodology for process evaluation of an Irish primary school-based physical activity (PA) and nutrition intervention. Evaluation followed the three themes outlined by the British Medical Research Council: implementation, context, and mechanism of impact that we further divided into six dimensions. Methodological tools included questionnaires, PA logs, reflective journals, write and draw, and semi-structured interviews. We triangulated findings across these multiple tools to assess each dimension. We designed a unique framework to enable comparisons and offer researchers a template for evaluating complex health promotion interventions in primary schools. We present a methodology for evaluating a complex school-based health promotion intervention. The framework we propose integrates process and outcome data. It aims to enhance future result interpretation and facilitate informed comparisons among intervention schools.
Transition of medium of instruction in bilingual education in Aba Prefecture
Authors: Cuo Ya , Suo Langcuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The medium of instruction (MoI) in the bilingual education of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture is
regulated through two modes. The first stipulates that Putonghua should be used for most school subjects, while the second
requires exclusive use of Putonghua as the MoI for all subjects. In 2023, a field trip was conducted to investigate the ongoing
implementation of MoI in bilingual schools for Tibetan students in Aba Prefecture.
This research initially examines the current bilingual education situation for Tibetans in two local schools, with
a focus on classroom teaching supported by the first MoI mode. It reveals that translanguaging pedagogy is a primary practical
strategy employed to adapt to the transition from the first MoI mode to the second. Furthermore, it scrutinises attitudes and
localised strategies of teachers, students and parents towards this transitional process, aiming to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current medium of instruction for Tibetan students.
The findings indicate that (1) teachers’ translanguaging practices significantly contribute across three
dimensions; (2) stakeholders’ attitudes towards bilingual education transformation vary; and (3) partial national initiatives
offer support to promote the transition in different ways. Finally, this paper briefly summarises existing discrepancies related
to MoI transitions and translanguaging practice, and offers insights into future developments in MoI transition for minority
ethnic students attending bilingual schools in China.
Acquisition of morpho-syntactic features in a bilingual Italian child
Authors: D’Aurizio Laura , Stahnke Johanna , Müller Natascha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the interaction of gender with (declension) class in the acquisition
data of one bilingual child (from two to five years old) who develops Italian as a weak language in combination with
German in Germany. As reported in the literature, the Italian child acquires gender with ease, reflected in the nearly
exceptionless target-like gender marking on determiners. Of the two possible errors, omission and commission, the
Italian child vastly omits determiners. Nouns are inflected according to (declension) classes in adult Italian, most
of which correspond to one gender. If the gender feature can be derived by class, as proposed by Lowenstamm (2007) for adult French, a different and integrated approach to gender acquisition
is possible.
Acquisition of 3pl verb markings by (very) advanced FSL learners and bilingual Franco­phone
students
Authors: Mougeon Raymond , Mougeon Françoise , Rehner Katherine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines acquisition of distinctive 3pl markings of French verbs by bilingual
Franco­phone students attending French-medium high schools in four Ontario Franco­phone communities of varying
demographic strength and by learners enrolled in high school immersion or university FSL programs in Toronto. It
documents the impact of the following factors: (i) the discursive frequency of the verbs; (ii) the students’ exposure
to French in and outside of school, (iii) their individual frequency of use of French, (iv) teachers’ in class speech,
and (v) invariant vs. variable use of the 3pl verb markings in the local varieties of French. The impact of
these factors is manifested by different patterns of intergroup hierarchies in rates of acquisition.
Modified Einstein equations from the 1-loop effective action of the IKKT model
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , Steinacker Harold C 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe derive the equations of motion that arise from the one-loop effective action for the geometry of 3+1 dimensional quantum branes in the IKKT matrix model. These equations are cast into the form of generalized Einstein equations, with extra contributions from dilaton and axionic fields, as well as a novel anharmonicity tensorCµνcapturing the classical Yang–Mills-type action. The resulting gravity theory approximately reduces to general relativity in some regime, but differs significantly at cosmic scales, leading to an asymptotically flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological evolution governed by the classical action.
From microchips to microneedles: semiconductor shear testers as a universal solution for transverse load analysis of microneedle mechanical performance
Authors: Haider Kazim , Lijnse Thomas , Shu Wenting , O’Cearbhaill Eoin , Dalton Colin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microneedles are a promising technology for pain-free and efficient pharmaceutical delivery. However, their clinical translation is currently limited by the absence of standardized testing methods for critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as mechanical robustness, which are essential for demonstrating safety and efficacy during regulatory review. A key aspect of mechanical robustness is transverse load capacity, which is currently assessed using diverse, non-standardized methods, which have limited capability to measure transverse failure forces at different heights along a microneedle. This is critical for understanding mechanics of potential failure modes during insertion after skin penetration. In this work we utilize a wire bond shear tester, a piece of test equipment widely used in the semiconductor industry, to measure the transverse load capacities of various microneedle designs. This approach is compatible with diverse microneedle types, geometries, and materials, and offers high-throughput and automated testing capabilities with high precision. We measure transverse failure loads with micron-scale control over the test height and have established comprehensive profiles of mechanical robustness along the length of different microneedle designs, which is a capability not previously demonstrated in literature for polymeric and metal microneedles. Transverse failure forces were 10 ± 0.3 gf–128 ± 12 gf for wire bonded gold and silver microneedles, 11 ± 0.7 gf–480 ± 69 gf for conical and pyramidal polymeric microneedles, and 206 ± 80 gf–381 ± 1 gf for 3D printed conical stainless steel microneedles. Additionally, we present standardized definitions for microneedle structural failure modes resulting from transverse loads, which can facilitate root cause failure analysis and defect detection during design and manufacturing, and aid in risk assessment of microneedle products. This work establishes a standardized approach to evaluating a significant CQA of microneedle products, which is a critical step towards expediting their clinical adoption.
Recent advances in molecular dynamics simulations for dry friction on rough substrate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhaofu , Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John , Wu Shijing , Liu Sheng , Sun Yunyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of dry friction on rough substrates. While nanoscale roughness plays a crucial role in nanotribological investigations, the exploration of rough substrates remains insufficient based on MD simulations. This paper summarizes research on rough surfaces constructed from various descriptions, including the multi-asperity surface, groove-textured surface, fractal surface, Gaussian surface, stepped surface and randomly rough surface. In addition, the friction behavior of rough substrates coated with solid films is comprehensively elucidated. Present investigations on rough surfaces primarily focus on the effect of basic frictional variables, surface morphology characteristics and different motion types. The studies conducted on rough substrates exhibit a higher degree of resemblance to realistic interfaces, thereby offering valuable insight into the design of surface morphology to achieve enhanced frictional performance.
A novel single image super-resolution reconstruction model based on edge-enhanced Siamese generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yi Cancan , Xue Jiacheng , Huang Tao , Xiao Han 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Currently, most image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithms are supervised, improving the overall visual quality of images based on a large amount of paired low-resolution and high-resolution (HR) image. However, collecting a large number of paired datasets is challenging, and the quality of the dataset can influence the reconstruction results. Although unsupervised methods have gained significant performance based on synthetic datasets, their effectiveness is relatively poor when applied to real-world or natural data. Focusing on those aforementioned issues, a novel image SR reconstruction algorithm of edge-enhanced Siamese generative adversarial network (EeSiGAN) is proposed. EeSiGAN belongs to the unsupervised category and does not require the involvement of HR images. Firstly, employing the Siamese GAN as the overall framework ensures the continuous consistency of image feature maps through the collaborative effect of support and main networks. Secondly, fusing the results of the two branches by using the multi- scale channel attention feature fusion module. In addition, an edge- enhanced feature distillation block is introduced to enhance edge information in images and optimize the capability in feature extraction of network. Finally, directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism is used to obtain long-range spatial dependencies and simultaneously utilize inter-channel dependencies to achieve a more discriminative representation, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the recovered images. Extensive experimental results on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that compared to other state-of-the-art unsupervised SR networks, the proposed EeSiGAN algorithm exhibits better performance in reconstructing images, producing clearer details and textures in the enlarged images.
Ag nanoparticles at p-Si/ MAPbI3 perovskite interface: improved photo responsivity and response speed in photodetection
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Tang Chenyu , Yang Jianming , Yang Dandan , Lv Wenli , Sun Lei , Xu Sunan , Lu Chengyu , Zhang Ningbo , Xu Xiaoyue , Hu Yang , Zhang Qiyue , Cao Xiancheng , Wang Shenghao , Jiang Lin , Peng Yingquan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although enhanced performance of photovoltaic devices by embedding metal nanoparticles in charge transport layer, doping into active layer bulk, decorating the active layer surface, and inserting at the interface between semiconductor and the electrode were reported, the effect of incorporating metal NPs at the interface of single crystal semiconductor and perovskite is rarely tackled. Herein the effects of incorporating Ag nanoparticals (AgNPs) at p-Si/MAPbI3 perovskite interface on the photodiode performance were investigated. The results showed that compared with the reference device (without AgNPs) the photoresponsivity of the device incorporating AgNPs is greatly improved with the exception of light with wavelengths falling in the spectral range where AgNPs have strong optical absorption. This effect is extremely significant for relatively shorter wavelengths in the visible region, and a maximal improvement of around 10.6 times in photoresponsivity was achieved. The physical origin of the exception for spectral range that AgNPs have strong optical absorption is the cancelation of scatter resulted enhancement through AgNPs by band-to-band absorption resulted reduction of photocurrent, in which the generated electron has energy near the fermi level and the hole has large effective mass, which relax by nonradiative recombination, thus making not contribution to the photocurrent. More importantly, the AgNP decorated device showed much faster photo response speed than the reference device, and a maximal improvement of around 7.9 times in rise and fall time was achieved. These findings provide a novel approach for high responsive and high speed detection for weak light.
An efficient single-stage carry select adder using excess-1 FinFET circuit in 22 nm technology
Authors: Battini Jeevan , Kosaraju Sivani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Conventional carry select adders (CCSA) have two stages and are followed by multiplexers. CCSAs use ripple carry adders at two stages, which will introduce much delay due to carry propagation. To choose the option between an excess-1 result and a normal result, the CCSA employs a multiplexer. The proposed single-stage carry select adder (SSCSA) has a single stage and uses a new block to generate a normal and excess-1 result based on the readily available inputs (A and B). A novel architecture is developed and specifically designed to improve power dissipation and latency. It relies on a single circuit that produces normal/excess-1 results dependent on input carry. Heterogeneous logic combining CMOS, Dual Value Logic, and Transmission Gate Logic with 22 nm Fin-FETs powers the 1-bit SSCSA circuit. Better circuit regularity is displayed by the 4-bit SSCSA, as it only uses one type of 1-bit SSCSA. With the use of Cadence Virtuoso, ADEL, and ADEXL at 22 nm FinFET technology, all adders, including 4- and 8-bit adders, are designed, simulated, and examined. According to the resulting study, the 4-bit SSCSA outperforms the best adder among existing adders in terms of speed performance and power dissipation by 17.6% and 27.6%, respectively. By comparison with all other designs, SSCSAs outperform them at every corner.
Pressure tuning of the Se-substituted BiS2-based superconductor LaO0.5F0.5Bi(S

1
−
x

Se

x

)2
Authors: Kase Naoki , Kondo Katsuo , Watanabe Shigefumi , Miyakawa Nobuaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report the effect of hydrostatic pressure on LaO0.5F0.5Bi(S

1

−
x

Se
x
)2 with chemical pressure applied to a conducting layer by means of electrical resistivity and ac-magnetic susceptibility measurements up to 2.5 GPa. We confirmed the bulk superconductive nature of the low superconducting (low-SC) and high superconducting (high-SC) phase using ac-magnetic susceptibility under hydrostatic pressure. The

T

c

of the high-SC phase was observed to decrease with an increase in the Se substitution. The critical pressure

P

c

shifted toward the higher P and the P-induced transition broadened with an increase in the Se content. The

T

c

of the low-SC phase can be expressed by assuming an applied hydrostatic pressure of 0.75 GPa as the Se substitution of x = 0.1. The broad

P

c

transition is likely to be ascribed to the inhomogeneity of the Se substitution.
Robust decentralized controller design for highly Maneuverable Aircraft
Authors: Liu Jia-bin , Yang Bo-han , Chen Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Large-scale control systems often encounter challenges due to their intricate control structures, leading to delays and uncertainties when traditional centralized control methods are implemented in engineering applications. In response to these challenges and with the aim of enhancing control efficiency, the exploration of decentralized control approaches has become increasingly prominent. This paper presents two decentralized control strategies: fixed structure control theory, which is built upon the foundational principles of traditional robust controller design, and the weighted model approximation method, which integrates weighted model reduction with optimization strategies. The fixed structure control theory predetermines architecture of the controllers, significantly alleviating the computational burden associated with the development of robust controllers. Conversely, the weighted model approximation method proposes a more intuitive and succinct pathway for controller design and engineering application. The efficacy of these strategies is evaluated through their application to the Highly Maneuverable Aircraft (HIMAT) system. The results demonstrate that, the fixed structure control theory generally exhibits good performance. However, in certain engineering scenarios, the conclusions derived from the weighted model approximation method for decentralized controller design are easier to comprehend and facilitate rapid application.