bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers in older peoples' care: perception of quality of care, working conditions, competence and personal health
Authors: From Ingrid , Nordström Gun , Wilde‐Larsson Bodil , Johansson Inger 
Published: October 2012

The aim was to describe and compare nursing assistants', enrolled nurses' and registered nurses' perceptions of quality of care, working conditions, competence and personal health in older peoples' care.Altogether 70 nursing assistants, 163 enrolled nurses and 198 registered nurses completed a questionnaire comprising Quality from the Patient's Perspective modified for caregivers, Creative Climate Questionnaire, Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, items on education and competence and Health Index.The caregivers reported higher perceived reality of quality of care in medical–technical competence and physical–technical conditions than in identity‐oriented approach and socio‐cultural atmosphere. In subjective importance, the highest rating was assessed in one of the physical–technical items. The organisational climate was for three of the dimensions rather close/reached the value for a creative climate, for seven dimensions close to a stagnant climate. In perceived stress of conscience, there were low values. Nursing assistants had lower values than enrolled nurses and registered nurses. The caregivers reported highest values regarding previous education making them feel safe at work and lowest value on the item about education increasing the ability for a scientific attitude. Registered nurses could use knowledge in practice and to a higher degree than nursing assistants/enrolled nurses reported a need to gain knowledge, but the latter more often received education during working hours. The health index among caregivers was high, but registered nurses scored lower on emotional well‐being than nursing assistants/enrolled nurses. The caregivers' different perceptions of quality of care and work climate need further attention. Although stress of conscience was low, it is important to acknowledge what affected the caregivers work in a negative way. Attention should be paid to the greater need for competence development among registered nurses during working hours.
In Medication‐Overuse Headache, fMRI Shows Long‐Lasting Dysfunction in Midbrain Areas
Authors: Ferraro Stefania , Grazzi Licia , Muffatti Riccardo , Nava Simone , Ghielmetti Francesco , Bertolino Nicola , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Visintin Eleonora , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Nigri Anna , Epifani Francesca , Bussone Gennaro , Chiapparini Luisa 
Published: October 2012

Objective.The primary aim of our study was to evaluate if a group of medication‐overuse headache (MOH) patients present dysfunctions in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuit. The secondary aim was to disentangle the role of the medication overuse and of the acute/chronic headache in determining these alterations and to investigate their persistence.Background.Several researches have suggested that MOH may belong to the spectrum of addictive behavior. Preclinical models and neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated that in addiction, critical long‐lasting alterations occur in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuit. If MOH shares some neurophysiological features with addiction, long‐lasting functional alterations of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system related to medication overuse should be present.Methods.We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data during the execution of a decision‐making under risk paradigm in 8 MOH patients immediately after beginning medication withdrawal, in 8 detoxified MOH patients at 6 months after beginning medication withdrawal, in 8 chronic migraine patients, and in 8 control subjects.Results.Our results revealed that MOH patients present: (1) reduced task‐related activity in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area complex and increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, when compared with controls; (2) reduced activity in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area complex, when compared with chronic migraine patients; (3) increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, when compared with detoxified MOH patients.Conclusion.Our study showed that MOH patients present dysfunctions in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuit, in particular in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area complex. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunctions seem to be reversible and attributable to the acute/chronic headache, whereas the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area complex dysfunctions are persistent and possibly related to medication overuse. These dysfunctions might be the expression of long‐lasting neuroadaptations related to the overuse of medications and/or a pre‐existing neurophysiological condition leading to vulnerability to medication overuse. The observed persistent dysfunctions in the midbrain dopamine suggest that MOH may share some neurophysiological features with addiction.
Biomechanical Comparison of Glycomer 631 and Glycomer 631 Knotless for Use in Canine Incisional Gastropexy
Authors: Arbaugh Melissa , Case J. Brad , Monnet Eric 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the load to failure of incisional gastropexy performed with standard glycomer 631 (G) and with knotless glycomer 631 (GV) inex vivomodel of gastropexy.Study DesignCadaveric study.Sample PopulationCadaveric canine stomach and body wall (n = 24).MethodsSpecimens were divided into 4 groups based on suture type (G, GV) and size (3 metric, 2 metric). An incisional gastropexy was performed on all samples, and load to failure evaluated.ResultsGastropexy with GV had significantly higher load to failure than gastropexy performed with G (P= .0006). Suture size had no significant effect on maximum load to failure (P= .36). The interaction between size of the suture and suture materials had a significant effect on the load to failure of the gastropexy (P= .0474). Knotless glycomer 631, 3 metric had significantly greater load to failure than G 3 metric (P= .0016) and G 2 metric (P= .0107).ConclusionA knotless suture appears to have comparable, if not greater load to failure than a standard suture of similar composition when used in canine incisional gastropexy in an acuteex vivomodel.
Cosmetic Reconstruction of a Nasal Plane and Rostral Nasal Skin Defect Using a Modified Nasal Rotation Flap in a Dog
Authors: ter Haar Gert , Buiks Sjef C. , Kirpensteijn Jolle 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo report reconstruction of a defect of the nasal plane and the rostral dorsum of the nose in a dog using a nasal rotation flap withBurow's triangles.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsMixed‐breed dog (1.5 years, 8.6 kg).MethodsA nasal defect caused by chronic granulomatous inflammation and involving the lateral nasal plane and adjacent rostral nasal dorsum in a dog was reconstructed and closed using a unilateral nasal rotation flap incorporating dorsal nasal plane tissue, with excision ofBurow's triangles.ResultsThe modified unilateral nasal rotation flap was effective in closing a defect of the rostral nasal dorsum. Incorporation of dorsal nasal plane tissue in the flap allowed for a cosmetic reconstruction of the lateral nasal plane defect (wing of nostril).ConclusionsSkin defects on the rostral dorsum of the nose and defects of the nasal plane in dogs can be closed and/or reconstructed using nasal rotation flaps incorporating nasal plane tissue.
Evaluation of stain removal and inhibition properties of eight denture cleansers: an in vitro study
Authors: Al‐Huraishi Haila , Moran John , Jagger Robert , MacDonald Emma 
Published: October 2012

Gerodontology 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00522.x

Evaluation of stain removal and inhibition properties of eight denture cleansers: an in vitro studyObjectives:  To determine the ability of eight denture cleansers to remove and inhibit tea‐stain build‐up on acrylic resin.Materials and methods:  In the stain removal study, Perspex® (cast heat polymerised resin) specimens previously soaked in saliva were stained using multiple exposures of chlorhexidine and tea solutions. Specimens were exposed for 1 min to one of the eight denture cleansers for five cycles, washed and dried and their optical density read on a uv/vis spectrophotometer at 295 nm. In the stain inhibition study, clear specimens were exposed to saliva followed by cleansers then tea solution, for five cycles. The build‐up of stain at each cycle was measured, and differences in optical densities from baseline were calculated.Results:  All denture cleansers were significantly more effective than water in removing stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cleaning ability between cleansers (p < 0.001), Dentural® and Kleenite® were particularly effective. The stain inhibition experiment showed that most cleansers were significantly more effective than water in inhibiting stain (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in inhibition ability between cleansers (p < 0.01). Kleenite® and Equate were particularly effective.Conclusions:  All denture cleansers had a capacity to remove stain and most had an inhibitory effect on staining. Kleenite® was particularly effective in controlling stain formation.
Trans‐Golgi Network—An Intersection of Trafficking Cell Wall ComponentsF
Authors: Worden Natasha , Park Eunsook , Drakakaki Georgia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe cell wall, a crucial cell compartment, is composed of a network of polysaccharides and proteins, providing structural support and protection from external stimuli. While the cell wall structure and biosynthesis have been extensively studied, very little is known about the transport of polysaccharides and other components into the developing cell wall. This review focuses on endomembrane trafficking pathways involved in cell wall deposition. Cellulose synthase complexes are assembled in the Golgi, and are transported in vesicles to the plasma membrane. Non‐cellulosic polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus, whereas cellulose is produced by enzyme complexes at the plasma membrane. Polysaccharides and enzymes that are involved in cell wall modification and assembly are transported by distinct vesicle types to their destinations; however, the precise mechanisms involved in selection, sorting and delivery remain to be identified. The endomembrane system orchestrates the delivery of Golgi‐derived and possibly endocytic vesicles carrying cell wall and cell membrane components to the newly‐formed cell plate. However, the nature of these vesicles, their membrane compositions, and the timing of their delivery are largely unknown. Emerging technologies such as chemical genomics and proteomics are promising avenues to gain insight into the trafficking of cell wall components.
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[ Georgia Drakakaki (Corresponding author)]
Improvement in Stroke Risk Prediction: Role of C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , McGinn Aileen , Allison Matthew , Ca Tianxi , Curb David , Eaton Charles , Hendrix Susan , Kaplan Robert , Ko Marcia , Martin Lisa W. , Xue Xiaonan 
Published: October 2012

Background Classification of risk of ischemic stroke is important for medical care and public health reasons. Whether addition of biomarkers adds to predictive power of the Framingham Stroke Risk or other traditional risk factors has not been studied in older women. Methods The Hormones and Biomarkers Predicting Stroke Study is a case-control study of blood biomarkers assayed in 972 ischemic stroke cases and 972 controls, nested in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study of 93 676 postmenopausal women followed for an average of eight-years. We evaluated additive predictive value of two commercially available biomarkers: C-reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 to determine if they added to risk prediction by the Framingham Stroke Risk Score or by traditional risk factors, which included lipids and other variables not included in the Framingham Stroke Risk Score. As measures of additive predictive value, we used the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement, category-less net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement index. Results Addition of C-reactive protein to Framingham risk models or additional traditional risk factors overall modestly improved prediction of ischemic stroke and resulted in overall net reclassification improvement of 6·3%, (case net reclassification improvement = 3·9%, control net reclassification improvement = 2·4%). In particular, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was useful in prediction of cardioembolic strokes (net reclassification improvement = 12·0%; 95% confidence interval 4·3–19·6%) and in strokes occurring in less than three-years (net reclassification improvement = 7·9%, 95% confidence interval 0·8–14·9%). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 was useful in risk prediction of large artery strokes (net reclassification improvement = 19·8%, 95% confidence interval 7·4–32·1%) and in early strokes (net reclassification improvement = 5·8%, 95% confidence interval 0·4–11·2%). Conclusions C-reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 can improve prediction of certain subtypes of ischemic stroke in older women, over the Framingham stroke risk model and traditional risk factors, and may help to guide surveillance and treatment of women at risk.
Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada: Hypertension Control
Authors: Bartsch Janelle Ann , Teare Gary F. , Neufeld Anne , Hudema Nedeene , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: October 2012

Background In the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, stroke is the third leading cause of death as well as the major cause of adult disability. Once a person suffers a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), they are at high risk for having a secondary stroke. Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is the single most important modifiable risk factor for both first and recurrent stroke, and is thus an important risk factor to be controlled. According to the Canadian Stroke Strategy (CSS) Best Practice Recommendations, blood pressure lowering treatment should be initiated before discharge from hospital for all stroke/TIA patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of medically driven secondary stroke prevention care in Saskatchewan as applied to hypertension control. Aims The objectives of the study were to: ( 1 ) develop methodology and calculate a secondary stroke process of care measure using available data in Saskatchewan, based on an appropriate hypertension therapy indicator recommendation from the CSS Performance Measurement Manual; ( 2 ) examine variation in secondary stroke prevention hypertensive care among the Saskatchewan Regional Health Authorities; and ( 3 ) investigate factors associated with receiving evidence-based hypertensive secondary stroke prevention. Methods This multi-year cross-sectional study was an analysis of deidentified health data derived from linkage of administrative health data. A select indicator from the CSS Performance Measurement Manual that measures adherence to a CSS Best Practice Guidelines concerning use of antihypertensive medications for secondary stroke prevention was calculated. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association of patient demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic location of care with receipt of guideline-recommended hypertensive secondary stroke prevention. The target population was all Saskatchewan residents who were hospitalized in Saskatchewan for a stroke or TIA between April 1, 2001 and March 31, 2008. Results The results of this study indicate that the management of hypertension for secondary stroke prevention is suboptimal in Saskatchewan. Although there was some improvement over the time period, approximately 40% of patients were not taking antihypertensives at 90 days after discharge from acute care. The correlates, urban/non-urban, previous use of antihypertensive drugs and effect of age modified by sex, were found to be significantly associated with receiving hypertensive secondary stroke prevention, suggesting there are modifiable factors that contribute to variations in this form of secondary stroke care quality in Saskatchewan. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that there is a need for province-wide improvement to secondary stroke prevention in Saskatchewan, Canada.
The genus Cordyceps: a chemical and pharmacological review
Authors: Yue Kai , Ye Meng , Zhou Zuji , Sun Wen , Lin Xiao 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Natural remedies are becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. Historically, natural remedies have been shown to present interesting biological and pharmacological activity and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. For centuries Cordyceps, which is a genus of more than 400 species in the family Clavicipitaceae, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study highlights the chemistry and pharmacology of Cordyceps, especially Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. and C. militaris (Fr.) L. Information was obtained from Google Scholar and the journal databases PubMed and Scopus.

Key findings
Many bioactive components of Cordyceps have been extracted, such as cordycepin, cordycepic acid, ergosterol, polysaccharides, nucleosides and peptides. Studies show that Cordyceps and its active principles possess a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antihyperglycaemic, antiapoptosis, immunomodulatory, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective.

Summary
More research is required to discover the full extent of the activity of Cordyceps.
Fertility potential in men with a history of congenital undescended testes: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: van Brakel J. , Kranse R. , de Muinck Keizer‐Schrama S. M. P. F. , Hendriks A. E. J. , de Jong F. H. , Bangma C. H. , Hazebroek F. W. J. , Dohle G. R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMen with a history of congenital undescended testes (UDT) have an increased risk of fertility problems. Despite no definitive proof, current guidelines recommend early surgical intervention because this may have a positive effect on future fertility potential by preventing degenerative changes of the testes in early life. Also surgical intervention facilitates observability of the testes in view of possible malignancy. We evaluated testicular function in adult men with previous UDT treated at different ages before puberty. A long‐term follow‐up study of men with previous UDT was performed. Andrological evaluation included medical history taking, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, determination of reproductive hormones, and semen analysis. Findings were compared with those of a control group of men with normal testicular descent. The influence of age at orchiopexy on future fertility parameters was evaluated in a multivariate regression analysis. 62 men were included of whom seven had had bilateral UDT. Twenty‐four patients had had their orchiopexy before the age of 24 months of whom eight men had it before 12 months of age. Forty‐eight men had had unsuccessful luteinizing‐hormone‐releasing‐hormone (LHRH) nasal spray treatment during childhood, whereas 14 of 24 men operated before 24 months of age had not received LHRH treatment before orchiopexy. Fertility potential in men with a history of UDT is compromised in comparison with controls. We could not detect any influence of age at orchiopexy on fertility parameters. However, the number of patients operated before the age of 12 months is limited. This study does not support the assumption that early orchiopexy results in better fertility potential.
Towards a Lacanian Group Psychology: The Prisoner's Dilemma and the Trans‐subjective
Authors: Hook Derek 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRevisiting Lacan's discussion of the puzzle of the prisoner's dilemma provides a means of elaborating a theory of the trans‐subjective. An illustration of this dilemma provides the basis for two important arguments. Firstly, that we need to grasp a logical succession of modes of subjectivity: from subjectivity to inter‐subjectivity, and from inter‐subjectivity to a form of trans‐subjective social logic. The trans‐subjective, thus conceptualized, enables forms of social objectivity that transcend the level of (inter)subjectivity, and which play a crucial role in consolidating given societal groupings. The paper advances, secondly, that various declarative and symbolic activities are important non‐psychological bases—trans‐subjective foundations—for psychological identifications of an inter‐subjective sort. These assertions link interesting to recent developments in the contemporary social psychology of interobjectivity, which likewise emphasize a type of objectivity that plays an indispensible part in co‐ordinating human relations and understanding.
Is There Any Objective Improvement of Nocturia by Combination Treatment of Zolpidem and Alpha‐Blocker Therapy for Unresponsive to Alpha‐Blocker Monotherapy in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?
Authors: DOO Seung Whan , KIM Jae Heon , YANG Won Jae , SONG Yun Seob 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine whether administration of zolpidem, a nonbenzodiazepine sedative‐hypnotic agent, at night would improve the nocturia unresponsive to alpha‐blocker monotherapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods: This was a prospective observational study comprised of 39 men aged 50 years and older. The study inclusion criteria were age more than 50 years, and nocturia twice or more per night after taking alpha‐blockers for more than 8 weeks. A total of 39 patients met the criteria and constituted the study cohort. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), frequency volume chart (FVCs) and uroflowmetry were recorded. Patients were given 10 mg alfuzosin and 10 mg zolpidem once at night for the 8 weeks.Results: There were no serious side‐effects in any patient. Nocturia decreased from a baseline (3.1 ± 0.1) to 8 weeks (1.6 ± 0.2) (P = 0.001). After treatment, global PSQI scores and severe sleep disorders improved. Storage and voiding symptoms including total IPSS scores and quality of life index improved. Nocturnal urine volume and functional bladder capacity improved. Maximum flow rate, voided volume increased and residual urine volume decreased.Conclusion: Combined zolpidem and alpha‐blocker therapy resulted in a subjective and objective reduction in nocturia episodes when given to men with nocturia unresponsive to alpha‐blocker monotherapy.