bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher–student interpersonal relationships do change and affect academic motivation: A multilevel growth curve modelling
Authors: Maulana Ridwan , Opdenakker Marie‐Christine , Bosker Roel 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundResearch has shown that the teacher–student interpersonal relationship (TSIR) is important for student motivation. Although TSIR has received a growing interest, there are only few studies that focus on changes and links between TSIR and student academic motivation in a longitudinal fashion in non‐Western contexts.AimsThis study investigated changes in TSIR and links with academic motivation as perceived by first‐grade secondary school students in Indonesia. TSIR was studied from the perspective of interpersonal behaviour in terms of Influence and Proximity. Students' academic motivation was studied from the perspective of self‐determination theory.Sample and methodsA total of 504 first‐grade secondary school students of 16 mathematics and English classes participated in the study. Surveys were administered in five waves throughout the school year. Multilevel growth curve modelling was applied.ResultsContrary to the (limited) general research findings from Western contexts, we found that the quality of TSIR (student perceptions) increased over time. The increase was slightly more pronounced for Proximity than for Influence. In accordance with the findings for the Western countries, the level of students' controlled motivation increased, while that of autonomous motivation decreased over time. However, the negative change in autonomous motivation was less pronounced. As in Western countries, TSIR was longitudinally linked with academic motivation, in particular, with autonomous motivation.ConclusionsEvidence is found that TSIR can change in a favourable way, and this positively affects student motivation. Future research could benefit from unravelling the influences of cultures on changes in TSIR in broader contexts.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in a community‐based population: a potential role in adult‐onset asthma
Authors: Song W.‐J. , Chang Y.‐S. , Lim M.‐K. , Yun E.‐H. , Kim S.‐H. , Kang H.‐R. , Park H.‐W. , Tomassen P. , Choi M.‐H. , Min K.‐U. , Cho S.‐H. , Bachert C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundRecent studies suggest that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin sensitization is a risk factor for asthma. However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic evidence on adult‐onset asthma in community‐based populations.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the epidemiology and the clinical significance of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in community‐based adult populations.MethodsThe present analyses were performed using the baseline data set of Korean adult population surveys, consisting of 1080 adults (mean age = 60.2 years) recruited from an urban and a rural community. Questionnaires, methacholine challenge tests, and allergen skin tests were performed for defining clinical phenotypes. Sera were analysed for total IgE and enterotoxin‐specific IgE using ImmunoCAP.ResultsStaphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization (≥ 0.35 kU/L) had a prevalence of 27.0%. Risk factors were identified as male sex, current smoking, advanced age (≥ 61 years), and inhalant allergen sensitization. Current asthma was mostly adult onset (≥ 18 years old) and showed independent associations with high enterotoxin‐specific IgE levels in multivariate logistic regression tests. In multivariate linear regressions, staphylococcal enterotoxin‐specific IgE level was identified as the major determinant factor for total IgE level.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceStaphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization was independently associated with adult‐onset asthma in adult community populations. Strong correlations between the enterotoxin‐specific IgE and total IgE levels support the clinical significance. The present findings warrant further studies for the precise roles of staphylococcal enterotoxin sensitization in the asthma pathogenesis.
Recurrent grief in mothering a child with an intellectual disability to adulthood: grieving is the healing
Authors: Brown Judith M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMuch of the literature on mothering a child with a disability focuses on grief in the context of diagnosis, with a paucity of longitudinal studies focusing on ongoing grief as the child moves through the life stages. This qualitative study explores the existence of recurrent grief within the lived experience of six women, in mothering their children with intellectual disability through to young adulthood. Informed by the differing theories of grief and disability, the study considers mothers' perception of the experience of recurrent grief as influenced by personal and societal factors, with a focus on its triggers, its manifestation and its amelioration. The findings have relevance to social work practice, policy and research in revealing the necessity for ongoing support and advocacy for mothers of children and young adults with intellectual disabilities.
Histone deacetylase activity is required for embryonic posterior lateral line development
Authors: He Y. , Wu J. , Mei H. , Yu H. , Sun S. , Shou J. , Li H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe posterior lateral line (PLL) system in zebrafish has recently become a model for investigating tissue morphogenesis. PLL primordium periodically deposits neuromasts as it migrates along the horizontal myoseptum from head to tail of the embryonic fish, and this migration requires activity of various molecular mechanisms. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in numerous biological processes of development, by regulating gene transcription, but their roles in regulating PLL during embryonic development have up to now remained unexplored.Material and methodsIn this study, we used HDAC inhibitors to investigate the role of HDACs in early development of the zebrafish PLL sensory system. We further investigated development of the PLL by cell‐specific immunostaining and in situ hybridization.ResultsOur analysis showed that HDACs were involved in zebrafish PLL development as pharmacological inhibition of HDACs resulted in its defective formation. We observed that migration of PLL primordium was altered and accompanied by disrupted development of PLL neuromasts in HDAC inhibitor‐treated embryos. In these, positions of PLL neuromasts were affected. In particular, the first PLL neuromast was displaced posteriorly in a treatment dose‐dependent manner. Primordium cell proliferation was reduced upon HDAC inhibition. Finally, we showed that inhibition of HDAC function reduced numbers of hair cells in PLL neuromasts of HDAC inhibitor‐treated embryos.ConclusionHere, we have revealed a novel role for HDACs in orchestrating PLL morphogenesis. Our results suggest that HDAC activity is necessary for control of cell proliferation and migration of PLL primordium and hair cell differentiation during early stages of PLL development in zebrafish.
Metabolic syndrome in untreated patients with psoriasis: case‐control study
Authors: Damevska Katerina , Neloska Lence , Gocev Gorgi , Mihova Marija 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesPrevious studies have shown a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis compared to controls. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of systemic anti‐psoriatic drugs on the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome, by comparing untreated patients with psoriasis and population based control.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a hospital‐based case‐control study that included 122 untreated patients with plaque psoriasis and 122 age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome between the patients with psoriasis (24.6 %) and the controls (22.9 %) (OR 1.095, 95 % CI 0.607–1.974). Among the components of the metabolic syndrome only hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity were associated with psoriasis. The psoriatic patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher mean age (p = 0.001), and higher mean BMI (p = 0.001) compared with the psoriatic patients without metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome was not associated with the severity of psoriasis.ConclusionsUntreated patients with psoriasis have no significantly higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than healthy controls. Our data suggest that systemic antipsoriatic drugs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
Methods and tools for addressing natural disturbance dynamics in conservation planning for wilderness areas
Authors: Leroux Shawn J. , Rayfield Bronwyn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimNew conservation approaches that account for broad‐scale ecological processes must underpin decisions about conservation planning in the world's remaining wilderness areas. Our goal is to make the relevant tools and methods that have been developed by conservation scientists accessible to conservation practitioners working towards wilderness preservation.LocationWilderness areas, in particular theNorthAmerican boreal region.MethodsWe describe prominent spatial tools from natural resource management, landscape ecology and conservation biology for incorporating natural disturbance dynamics into systematic conservation planning. Then, we identify emerging methods that combine and customize these types of tools to account for interacting ecological processes in wilderness conservation plans with a specific focus on conserving natural disturbances in theNorthAmerican boreal region.ResultsTwo classes of tools are well suited to the task of conservation planning in dynamic landscapes: site‐selection tools (e.g.Marxan andZonation) and process‐based modelling tools (e.g.CONSERVandLANDIS‐II). Four methods for explicitly including natural disturbance dynamics into conservation plans emerge from the combination of these tools: spatial catalysts combined with site‐selection tools, probability theory combined with site‐selection tools, spatial simulation models and spatial simulation models combined with site‐selection tools.Main conclusionsGlobally, there are few wilderness areas remaining; therefore, there is increasing impetus to effectively protect the world's remaining intact areas. Careful combinations of probabilistic models, such as Markov chain models, or spatial simulation tools, such asCONSERVandSpatiallyExplicitLandscapeEventSimulator, with site‐selection tools, such as Benchmark Builder and Marxan, are promising approaches for accounting for natural disturbance dynamics when land use planning in wilderness areas such as theNorthAmerican boreal region. The protection of natural disturbance dynamics will play an increasingly important role in the long‐term persistence of biodiversity in earth's remaining wilderness areas as ongoing anthropogenic disturbances and climate change imperil broad‐scale ecological processes.
Neural connectivity patterns underlying symbolic number processing indicate mathematical achievement in children
Authors: Park Joonkoo , Li Rosa , Brannon Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn early childhood, humans learn culturally specific symbols for number that allow them entry into the world of complex numerical thinking. Yet little is known about how the brain supports the development of the uniquely human symbolic number system. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging along with an effective connectivity analysis to investigate the neural substrates for symbolic number processing in young children. We hypothesized that, as children solidify the mapping between symbols and underlying magnitudes, important developmental changes occur in the neural communication between the right parietal region, important for the representation of non‐symbolic numerical magnitudes, and other brain regions known to be critical for processing numerical symbols. To test this hypothesis, we scanned children between 4 and 6 years of age while they performed a magnitude comparison task with Arabic numerals (numerical, symbolic), dot arrays (numerical, non‐symbolic), and lines (non‐numerical). We then identified the right parietal seed region that showed greater blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent signal in the numerical versus the non‐numerical conditions. A psychophysiological interaction method was used to find patterns of effective connectivity arising from this parietal seed region specific to symbolic compared to non‐symbolic number processing. Two brain regions, the left supramarginal gyrus and the right precentral gyrus, showed significant effective connectivity from the right parietal cortex. Moreover, the degree of this effective connectivity to the left supramarginal gyrus was correlated with age, and the degree of the connectivity to the right precentral gyrus predicted performance on a standardized symbolic math test. These findings suggest that effective connectivity underlying symbolic number processing may be critical as children master the associations between numerical symbols and magnitudes, and that these connectivity patterns may serve as an important indicator of mathematical achievement.
Management of impacted wisdom teeth: teaching of undergraduate students in UK dental schools
Authors: Ali K. , McCarthy A. , Robbins J. , Heffernan E. , Coombes L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionWisdom tooth removal is one of the most common oral surgical procedures performed across the world. The aim of this study was to gauge the teaching and training of impacted wisdom teeth in undergraduate dental programmes across the UK. The objectives were to identify consistencies and variations in theoretical instructions and clinical training as well as approaches to management of impacted wisdom teeth.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey utilising an online questionnaire. A purposefully designed pro forma with open‐ as well as closed‐ended questions was used. The questionnaire was hosted online on the school's blackboard academic suite (Emily). Prior to conducting the study, approval was gained from the Research and Ethics Committee, and all the ethical principles pertaining to data protection were strictly followed. E‐mail invitations were sent to oral surgery leads in all dental schools in the UK. The participants were provided with an information sheet, and an informed consent was obtained. The participants were invited by e‐mail to complete the questionnaire online voluntarily.ResultsA total of 16 dental schools offering an undergraduate course in dentistry in the UK, 13 responded positively. (response rate = 81.25%). In majority of dental schools, this subject is taught in the 4th and 5th years. A pre‐clinical competency on phantom heads is a requirement in six schools, whilst only one school requires the students to pass a clinical competency. The clinical exposure of students to wisdom tooth surgery is quite variable. Although the dental schools are fairly consistent in their teaching with regard to the indications for surgical intervention, diagnostic/treatment modalities as well as the post‐operative care, interesting variations were also observed.ConclusionsThis study, perhaps the first of its kind, provides useful insights into management of impacted wisdom teeth, as taught in the undergraduate dental programmes across the UK.
Reduced root anchorage of freshwater plants in sandy sediments enriched with fine organic matter
Authors: Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Møller Claus Lindskov 
Published: November 2013

Summary

The decline of submerged macrophytes in nutrient‐enriched lakes has been explained by shading from phytoplankton. Reduced anchorage in softer organic sediments may, however, enhance the loss of submerged macrophytes; therefore, we tested whether increased water content results in a decline of anchorage of artificial root systems and isoetid species in sandy sediments enriched with fine organic particles, and compared anchorage and hydraulic drag for short isoetid and tall elodeid species to evaluate the risk of uprooting.
Constructed and natural sandy sediments followed the same hyperbolic relationship of higher water content with increasing organic content. Anchorage of artificial root systems peaked in sediments containing small amounts of organic matter (0.7–1.2% dry weight) and water (20–27% WW) and was up to six times higher compared with more organic‐rich sediments.
Anchorage of the isoetid, Lobelia dortmanna, in natural sandy sediments increased linearly with plant weight and root surface area and declined with higher organic content of sediments. Multiple regression models could account for the positive influence of plant size on root anchorage and the negative influence of organic matter and water in sediments.
Hydraulic drag on rigid shoots of three isoetid species increased with the second power of water velocity. The species‐specific drag coefficient was consistently high for these isoetids and markedly lower and declining with increasing velocity for two elodeids with flexible tissue.
Anchorage of two isoetid species in mineral and more organic sediments from shallow water markedly exceeded estimated hydraulic drag under storm events inducing 0.6 m s−1 currents, while elodeid species were only safely rooted in firm mineral sediments.
These findings are in agreement with the growth of isoetids in wave‐exposed shallow waters, while elodeids prefer deeper or sheltered sites. The multiple regression models predicted that L. dortmanna could attain critically low anchorage on highly organic sediments in accordance with observations of plant‐free littoral sediments of colloidal organic texture. Because it is well established that sediment anoxia severely impairs root development of L. dortmanna, enrichment of sediments with labile organic matter may represent a double jeopardy by reducing root development and anchorage.
Inhibition of R5‐tropic HIV type‐1 replication in CD4+ natural killer T cells by γδ T lymphocytes
Authors: Omi Kyoko , Shimizu Masumi , Watanabe Eri , Matsumura Jiro , Takaku Chizuno , Shinya Eiji , Takahashi Hidemi 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAfter the development of highly active anti‐retroviral therapy, it became clear that the majority of emergent HIV‐1 is macrophage‐tropic and infects CD4+, CCR5‐expressing cells (R5‐tropic). There are three distinct cell populations, R5‐tropic, HIV‐1‐susceptible CD4+ cells: (i) natural killer T (NKT) cells, (ii) dendritic cells and macrophages, and (iii) tissue‐associated T cells residing primarily at mucosal surfaces. We have confirmed that CD4+ NKT cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) predominantly express CCR5 rather than CXCR4, whereas the reverse is true for CD4+ T cells derived from circulating PBMCs, and that R5‐tropic HIV‐1 expands efficiently in the CD4+ NKT cells. Moreover, when PBMCs depleted of CD8α+ cells were stimulated in the presence of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) and R5‐tropic HIV‐1 [NL(AD8)], the production of HIV‐1 virions was not suppressed, whereas, similar to the untreated PBMCs, depletion of CD8β+ cells from PBMCs significantly inhibited virion production. These findings suggest that CD8αα+ but not CD8αβ+ cells may have the ability to inhibit R5‐tropic HIV‐1 replication in CD4+ NKT cells. Here, we show that co‐culturing R5‐tropic HIV‐1‐infected CD4+ NKT cells with CD8αα+ γδ T cells, in particular Vγ1Vδ1 cells, but not with CD8αα+ NKT cells or CD8αα+ dendritic cells, inhibits HIV‐1 replication mainly by secreting chemokines, such as macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 1β and RANTES. Collectively, these results indicate the importance of CD8αα+ γδ T cells in the control of R5‐tropic HIV‐1 replication and persistence in CD4+ NKT cells.
The Modern Census: Evolution, Examples and Evaluation
Authors: Baffour Bernard , King Thomas , Valente Paolo 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA national census provides important information on a country's population that is used in government planning and to underpin the national statistical system. Therefore, the quality of such information is paramount but is not as simple as the crude accuracy of population totals. Furthermore, changes in the pace and nature of modern life, such as the growing geographical mobility of the population, increasingly pose challenges to census practice and data quality. More recently, even the need for a census has been questioned on grounds of financial austerity and widespread availability of alternative population information sources. This article reviews how the modern census originated and how it evolved to confront these challenges, driven by indicators of quality and needs of users, and provides reflections on the future of the census within the national statistical infrastructure. To illustrate our discussions, we use case studies from a diverse range of national contexts. We demonstrate the implications that a country's needs, circumstances and experiences have on the census approach and practice while identifying the fundamental demographic assumptions.
A Conversation with Colin L. Mallows
Authors: Denby Lorraine , Landwehr Jim 
Published: November 2013

SummaryColin L. Mallows has had a distinguished career as a research statistician in the telecommunications industry, primarily at Bell Labs, that has spanned more than 50 years.Best known for creating ‘Cp', the regression model diagnostic procedure that has been widely used and probably benefitted all statisticians who have done regressions, Mallows also has, and continues, to produce influential research on a wide variety of statistical and mathematical topics. He has received the Wilks Memorial Award, the American Statistical Associations' highest award and presented both the Fisher Lecture and the Deming Lecture at the Joint Statistical Meetings. Mallows is one of only two statisticians (the other being George Box) to have received all three of these honours that are among the highest the profession bestows.Born in England in 1930, Mallows received his PhD at the age of 22 from University College London under F.N. David and N.L. Johnson. In 1956, John Tukey invited him to spend a year at Princeton, and in 1960, Mallows joined Bell Labs, the R&D unit of AT&T, which at the time was the regulated monopoly telecommunications provider in the USA (Ma Bell). Mallows served as Department Head of one of the two Bell Labs Statistics Research Departments for many years and remained at Bell Labs until 1995, when he joined the AT&T Labs unit that was created as part of the restructuring of the telecommunications industry. Since his retirement from AT&T Labs in 2000, Mallows continues to consult part‐time in Avaya Labs, which is a sister company in telecommunications that also traces its roots back to AT&T and Bell Labs.This conversation was held in November, 2011, with two long‐time colleagues and collaborators from both Bell Labs and now Avaya Labs. After recording and transcription, the conversation was edited by the participants.