bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Physical and Mental Health Variables in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury From Latin America
Authors: Coleman Jennifer A. , Harper Leia A. , Perrin Paul B. , Olivera Silvia Leonor , Perdomo Jose Libardo , Arango Jose Anselmo , Arango‐Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has examined the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the majority of the research has taken place in the United States, Western Europe, and other developed countries. Limited research has been conducted with persons with SCI in Latin America.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between HRQOL and mental health in persons with SCI from Neiva, Colombia.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingParticipants were recruited from the Foundation for the Integral Development of People with Disabilities, a nonprofit community organization for persons with disabilities.ParticipantsForty persons with SCI from Neiva, Colombia.MethodsCaregivers completed the Spanish versions of questionnaires.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed self‐report measures of HRQOL (SF‐36 Health Questionnaire) and mental health (Satisfaction with Life Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory).ResultsThe hypothesis that higher HRQOL would be related to better mental health found robust support, as the canonical correlation between these 2 sets of variables uncovered that 50.4% of the variance was shared, such that persons with lower HRQOL had reduced mental health. Within this canonical correlation, anxiety, fatigue, and general health loaded most highly, suggesting that persons with SCI who experienced lower energy and reduced general health tended to have high anxiety. Additionally, 9 out of the 18 bivariate correlations between these 2 variable sets were statistically significant.ConclusionsIn Latin America, SCI rehabilitation services are extremely sparse and rarely include interventions that target postinjury mental health. The current study suggests that mental health issues in patients with reduced HRQOL warrant attention in SCI rehabilitation services, especially in this region.
Environmental change and seasonal behavior of mastodons in the Great Lakes region inferred from stable isotope analysis
Authors: Metcalfe Jessica Z. , Longstaffe Fred J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigate seasonal variations in the diet and drinking water of four Great Lakes mastodon (Mammut americanum) specimens using stable isotope analysis of serially sampled inner-enamel bioapatite structural carbonate (δ13Csc, δ18Osc), and previously published bulk analyses. Isotopic analyses and thin section measurements showed that mastodon tooth enamel extension rates (~ 12–4 mm/yr, decreasing toward the cervix) were lower than those of mammoths or modern elephants. Mastodons had distinct and highly regular seasonal variations in δ13Csc and δ18Osc, which we interpret in the context of local glacial history and vegetation changes. Seasonal variations in δ18O were large but variations in δ13C were small, and may have been obscured if coarser sampling methods than our inner-enamel sampling approach were used. Thus, our approach may be particularly useful for understanding relatively small seasonal changes in δ13C within C3 environments. The seasonal patterns, though not entirely conclusive, suggest that the Ontario mastodons did not migrate over very long distances. Rather, the climate and seasonal dietary patterns of mastodons within the region changed over time, from ~ 12,400 to 10,400 14C yr BP (~ 15,000 – 12,000 cal yr BP). Insights gained using these methods can contribute to a better understanding of megafaunal extinctions and Paleoamerican lifeways.
Generalized graphlet kernels for probabilistic inference in sparse graphs
Authors: LUGO-MARTINEZ JOSE , RADIVOJAC PREDRAG 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGraph kernels for learning and inference on sparse graphs have been widely studied. However, the problem of designing robust kernel functions that can effectively compare graph neighborhoods in the presence of noisy and complex data remains less explored. Here we propose a novel graph-based kernel method referred to as an edit distance graphlet kernel. The method was designed to add flexibility in capturing similarities between local graph neighborhoods as a means of probabilistically annotating vertices in sparse and labeled graphs. We report experiments on nine real-life data sets from molecular biology and social sciences and provide evidence that the new kernels perform favorably compared to established approaches. However, when both performance accuracy and run time are considered, we suggest that edit distance kernels are best suited for inference on graphs derived from protein structures. Finally, we demonstrate that the new approach facilitates simple and principled ways of integrating domain knowledge into classification and point out that our methodology extends beyond classification; e.g. to applications such as kernel-based clustering of graphs or approximate motif finding. Availability:www.sourceforge.net/projects/graphletkernels/
Testing Ødegaard's selective migration hypothesis: a longitudinal cohort study of risk factors for non-affective psychotic disorders among prospective emigrants
Authors: van der Ven E. , Dalman C. , Wicks S. , Allebeck P. , Magnusson C. , van Os J. , Selten J. P. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe selection hypothesis posits that the increased rates of psychosis observed among migrants are due to selective migration of people who are predisposed to develop the disorder. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether risk factors for psychosis are more prevalent among future emigrants.MethodA cohort of 49 321 Swedish military conscripts was assessed at age 18 years on cannabis use, IQ, psychiatric diagnosis, social adjustment, history of trauma and urbanicity of place of upbringing. Through data linkage we examined whether these exposures predicted emigration out of Sweden. We also calculated the emigrants' hypothetical relative risk compared with non-emigrants for developing a non-affective psychotic disorder.ResultsLow IQ [odds ratio (OR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.3–0.9] and ‘poor social adjustment’ (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8) were significantly less prevalent among prospective emigrants, whereas a history of urban upbringing (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.7) was significantly more common. Apart from a non-significant increase in cannabis use among emigrants (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.8–3.1), there were no major group differences in any other risk factors. Compared to non-emigrants, hypothetical relative risks for developing non-affective psychotic disorder were 0.7 (95% CI 0.4–1.2) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.7–1.0), respectively, for emigrants narrowly and broadly defined.ConclusionsThis study adds to an increasing body of evidence opposing the selection hypothesis.
Older adults at risk of a cardiovascular event: a preliminary investigation of their experiences of an active lifestyle scheme in England
Authors: FENTON GRANIA , HILL KATE , STOCKER RACHEL , HOUSE ALLAN 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTReducing risk of a cardiovascular event involves adopting healthier lifestyles. Community-based active lifestyle schemes offer support, but problems with uptake, completion and evaluation are common. We report the engagement and experiences of older adults referred to a scheme in England. Data transcribed from a focus group or individual interviews were analysed using thematic framework analysis. Participants reported an increased awareness of health difficulties with age, and described attendance-related psychological benefits, including an increased sense of responsibility for change and having had negative beliefs about age, health and change challenged. Some physical benefits (including reduced weight and blood pressure) were also reported. Those who attended most consistently were more likely to report caring responsibilities and describe positive social and relational outcomes, but were not more likely to report marked physical benefits. We recommend several changes to ensure that schemes meet their objectives and the needs of those referred. Age-related, health and lifestyle beliefs do not prohibit change but influence attendance and so should be addressed. Outcomes should be publicised, and structured, fixed-term programmes, incorporating relapse-prevention strategies, should be delivered to a closed group at flexible times. Active follow-up of non-attenders and improved data collection are also recommended. These should reduce the risk of schemes providing social support at the expense of intended health benefits.
Community outbreak of legionellosis and an environmental investigation into a community water system
Authors: COHN P. D. , GLEASON J. A. , RUDOWSKI E. , TSAI S. M. , GENESE C. A. , FAGLIANO J. A. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYDuring two legionellosis outbreak investigations, one at a geriatric centre and the other in high-rise housing for seniors, it was observed that additional cases of legionellosis occurred in nearby smaller residential settings. This apparent geographical cluster of legionellosis occurred in the same general area of a community water storage tank. No potential airborne sources in or near the area could be identified, but a community water system storage tank that was centrally located among case residences spurred an investigation of water-quality factors in the identified investigation area. Conditions conducive forLegionellagrowth, particularly low chlorine residuals, were found. The rate of legionellosis among residents aged ⩾50 years in the investigation areas (61·0 and 64·1/100 000) was eight times higher than in the rest of the service area (9·0/100 000) and almost 20 times higher than the statewide annual average incidence rate (3·2/100 000). A water mains flushing programme in the area was launched by the water utility, and water samples taken before and during flushing foundL. pneumophila.
Quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts
Authors: Nakatani Hironori , Yamaguchi Yoko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractExperts have the superior cognitive capability of quickly understanding complex information in their domain; however, little is known about the neural processes underlying this ability. Here, using a board game named shogi (Japanese chess), we investigated the brain activity in expert players that was involved in their quick understanding of board-game patterns. The frontal area responded only to meaningful game positions, whereas the temporal area responded to both game and random positions with the same latency (200 ms). Subsequent to these quick responses, the temporal and parietal areas responded only to game positions, with a latency of 700 ms. During the responses, enhanced phase synchronization between these areas was observed. Thus, experts first responded to global cognitive information that was specific to game positions and to local cognitive information that was common to game and random positions concurrently. These types of information were integrated via neural synchronization at the posterior areas. As these properties were specific to experts, much of the experts' advantage in understanding game positions occurred within 1 s of perception.
Improved artificial origins for phage Φ29 terminal protein-primed replication. Insights into early replication events
Authors: Gella Pablo , Salas Margarita , Mencía Mario 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe replication machinery of bacteriophage Φ29 is a paradigm for protein-primed replication and it holds great potential for applied purposes. To better understand the early replication events and to find improved origins for DNA amplification based on the Φ29 system, we have studied the end-structure of a double-stranded DNA replication origin. We have observed that the strength of the origin is determined by a combination of factors. The strongest origin (30-fold respect to wt) has the sequence CCC at the 3′ end of the template strand, AAA at the 5′ end of the non-template strand and 6 nucleotides as optimal unpairing at the end of the origin. We also show that the presence of a correctly positioned displaced strand is important because origins with 5′ or 3′ ssDNA regions have very low activity. Most of the effect of the improved origins takes place at the passage between the terminal protein-primed and the DNA-primed modes of replication by the DNA polymerase suggesting the existence of a thermodynamic barrier at that point. We suggest that the template and non-template strands of the origin and the TP/DNA polymerase complex form series of interactions that control the critical start of terminal protein-primed replication.
Proteins with High Turnover Rate in Barley Leaves Estimated by Proteome Analysis Combined with in Planta Isotope Labeling
Authors: Nelson Clark J. , Alexova Ralitza , Jacoby Richard P. , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProtein turnover is a key component in cellular homeostasis; however, there is little quantitative information on degradation kinetics for individual plant proteins. We have used 15N labeling of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of free amino acids and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins to track the enrichment of 15N into the amino acid pools in barley leaves and then into tryptic peptides derived from newly synthesized proteins. Using information on the rate of growth of barley leaves combined with the rate of degradation of 14N-labeled proteins, we calculate the turnover rates of 508 different proteins in barley and show that they vary by more than 100-fold. There was approximately a 9-h lag from label application until 15N incorporation could be reliably quantified in extracted peptides. Using this information and assuming constant translation rates for proteins during the time course, we were able to quantify degradation rates for several proteins that exhibit half-lives on the order of hours. Our workflow, involving a stringent series of mass spectrometry filtering steps, demonstrates that 15N labeling can be used for large-scale liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry studies of protein turnover in plants. We identify a series of abundant proteins in photosynthesis, photorespiration, and specific subunits of chlorophyll biosynthesis that turn over significantly more rapidly than the average protein involved in these processes. We also highlight a series of proteins that turn over as rapidly as the well-known D1 subunit of photosystem II. While these proteins need further verification for rapid degradation in vivo, they cluster in chlorophyll and thiamine biosynthesis.
Technical quality assurance during the TROG 03.04 RADAR prostate radiotherapy trial: Are the results reflected in observed toxicity rates?
Authors: Ebert Martin A , Bulsara Max , Haworth Annette , Kearvell Rachel , Richardson Sharon , Kennedy Angel , Spry Nigel A , Bydder Sean A , Joseph David J , Denham James W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroductionMulticentre radiotherapy clinical trials can incorporate quality assurance (QA) procedures for ensuring consistent application of the trial protocol in the planning, delivery and reporting of participant treatments. Subsequently detected variations from trial protocol have previously been shown to reduce treatment efficacy, although little has been shown for toxicity rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of QA measures and protocol variations on toxicity incidence in the context of a prostate radiotherapy trial.MethodsUsing QA records from the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial, the impact of variations on gastrointestinal (GI) and genito‐urinary (GU) toxicities was investigated.ResultsProtocol variation rates were lower than reported in previous studies, and showed little correlation with GI toxicity outcomes. Variations classified as ‘major’ showed a non‐significant trend for increased toxicity relative to those classified as ‘minor’. Results from a Level III phantom‐based dosimetry study showed some correlation with GI toxicity, whereas ranking on a set‐up accuracy study did not impact on toxicity. Toxicity in general increased with the number of participants accrued per centre, at odds with previous reports relating to disease progression, with a potential link to increases in low–mid‐range rectal doses in the cohort from higher‐accruing centres. No QA‐related variables correlated with GU toxicities.ConclusionsBesides non‐significant trends, minimal association was observed between QA variables and toxicity rates for the RADAR trial. The intention of the trial's QA programme was to reduce treatment variations and minimise toxicity in the context of a relevantly advanced treatment approach.
Analysis of the coincidence rate between imaging and pathological findings of pulmonary metastasis in 45 cases with invasive bone and soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Huang Zhen , Chen Keneng , Kang Xiaozheng , Zhang Qing , Hao Lin , Li Yuan , Niu Xiaohui 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt is not uncommon for imaging examinations of invasive bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients during initial treatment or postoperative follow‐up to detect pulmonary nodules. This has important significance in determining the nature of nodules either for tumor staging and therapeutic regimen selection or for prognosis evaluation.MethodsA review was carried out of invasive bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients diagnosed and treated in the department of orthopedic oncology of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2002 to June 2012. Data from patients who developed pulmonary metastases, diagnosed by imaging and treated surgically, were analyzed for consistency between imaging and postoperative pathological diagnoses.ResultsA total of 45 patients with pulmonary metastasis diagnosed by imaging and treated with resection of pulmonary lesions were included in the study. Thirty‐eight cases with pulmonary metastases (84.4%) and seven cases without pulmonary metastases (15.6%) were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. The most common pathological type in the latter patients was tuberculosis, with a total of four cases (57.1%).ConclusionThere is a certain degree of misdiagnosis when using imaging for diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis, and attention should be paid to the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis in order to avoid overtreatment. Tuberculosis is most common in invasive bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients with pulmonary benign lesions, and it should be distinguished.
Re‐Presentations of Space in Hollywood Movies: An Event‐Indexing Analysis
Authors: Cutting James , Iricinschi Catalina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPopular movies present chunk‐like events (scenes and subscenes) that promote episodic, serial updating of viewers’ representations of the ongoing narrative. Event‐indexing theory would suggest that the beginnings of new scenes trigger these updates, which in turn require more cognitive processing. Typically, a new movie event is signaled by an establishing shot, one providing more background information and a longer look than the average shot. Our analysis of 24 films reconfirms this. More important, we show that, when returning to a previously shown location, the re‐establishing shot reduces both context and duration while remaining greater than the average shot. In general, location shifts dominate character and time shifts in event segmentation of movies. In addition, over the last 70 years re‐establishing shots have become more like the noninitial shots of a scene. Establishing shots have also approached noninitial shot scales, but not their durations. Such results suggest that film form is evolving, perhaps to suit more rapid encoding of narrative events.
B‐cell receptor signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in normal and malignant cells
Authors: Seda Vaclav , Mraz Marek 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe physiology of B cells is intimately connected with the function of their B‐cell receptor (BCR). B‐cell lymphomas frequently (dys)regulate BCR signalling and thus take advantage of this pre‐existing pathway for B‐cell proliferation and survival. This has recently been underscored by clinical trials demonstrating that small molecules (fosfamatinib, ibrutinib, idelalisib) inhibiting BCR‐associated kinases (SYK, BTK, PI3K) have an encouraging clinical effect. Here we describe the current knowledge of the specific aspects of BCR signalling in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and normal B cells. Multiple factors can contribute to BCR pathway (dys)regulation in these malignancies and the activation of ‘chronic’ or ‘tonic’ BCR signalling. In lymphoma B cells, the balance of initiation, amplitude and duration of BCR activation can be influenced by a specific immunoglobulin structure, the expression and mutations of adaptor molecules (like GAB1, BLNK, GRB2, CARD11), the activity of kinases (like LYN, SYK, PI3K) or phosphatases (like SHIP‐1, SHP‐1 and PTEN) and levels of microRNAs. We also discuss the crosstalk of BCR with other signalling pathways (NF‐κB, adhesion through integrins, migration and chemokine signalling) to emphasise that the ‘BCR inhibitors’ target multiple pathways interconnected with BCR, which might explain some of their clinical activity.
Pathogenic role of antibodies against monomeric C‐reactive protein in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
Authors: Jakuszko K. , Krajewska M. , Hałoń A. , Kościelska–Kasprzak K. , Myszka M. , Żabińska M. , Augustyniak‐Bartosik H. , Rukasz D. , Weyde W. , Klinger M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAntibodies against monomeric C‐reactive protein, which is a target antigen expressed both in kidney tubules and uveal cells, have been recently detected in patients with active tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. We report the case of an 65‐year‐old woman with acute renal failure caused by biopsy‐proven tubulointerstitial nephritis and the onset of uveitis 21 months later. The expression of monomeric C‐reactive protein in kidney oligobiopsy was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining using mouse monoclonal antibody against human monomeric C‐reactive protein. The levels of antibodies against monomeric C‐reactive protein were 117% of the reference during the flare and 22% during the remission of the disease. The difference in the levels of antibodies against monomeric C‐reactive protein during flare and remission, and above all positive biopsy staining, supports their pathogenic role in this disease.