bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot carriers from intra- and interband transitions in gold-silver alloy nanoparticles
Authors: Ramachandran Shreyas , João Simão M. , Jin Hanwen , Lischner Johannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHot electrons and holes generated from the decay of localised surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles can be harnessed for applications in solar energy conversion and sensing. In this paper, we study the generation of hot carriers in large spherical gold-silver alloy nanoparticles using a recently developed atomistic modelling approach that combines a solution of Maxwell’s equations with large-scale tight-binding simulations. We find that hot-carrier properties depend sensitively on the alloy composition. Specifically, nanoparticles with a large gold fraction produce hot carriers under visible light illumination while nanoparticles with a large silver fraction require higher photon energies to produce hot carriers. Moreover, most hot carriers in nanoparticles with a large gold fraction originate from interband transitions which give rise to energetic holes and ‘cold’ electrons near the Fermi level. Increasing the silver fraction enhances the generation rate of hot carriers from intraband transitions which produce energetic electrons and ‘cold’ holes. These findings demonstrate that alloy composition is a powerful tuning parameter for the design of nanoparticles for applications in solar energy conversion and sensing that require precise control of hot-carrier properties.
The rising entropy of English in the attention economy
Authors: Pilgrim Charlie , Guo Weisi , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present evidence that the word entropy of American English has been rising steadily since around 1900. We also find differences in word entropy between media categories, with short-form media such as news and magazines having higher entropy than long-form media, and social media feeds having higher entropy still. To explain these results we develop an ecological model of the attention economy that combines ideas from Zipf’s law and information foraging. In this model, media consumers maximize information utility rate taking into account the costs of information search, while media producers adapt to technologies that reduce search costs, driving them to generate higher entropy content in increasingly shorter formats.
Benign methylformamidinium byproduct induced by cation heterogeneity inhibits local formation of δ-phase perovskites
Authors: Lim Jihoo , Kim Jaehui , Davies-Jones Josh , Danaie Mohsen , Choi Eunyoung , Shim Hongjae , Chen Liang , Kim Jincheol , Kim Judy S. , Davies Philip R. , Seidel Jan , Green Martin A. , Stranks Samuel D. , Il Seok Sang , Yun Jae Sung 
Published: August 2024

Methylammonium chloride (MACl) selectively promotes the formation of N-methylformamidinium (MFA+)PbI3 at grain boundaries (GBs) and as clusters near GBs while suppress the formation of δ-FAPbI3.
Improved hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm for distributed parallel assembly permutation flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Du Lizhen , Wang Xintao , Tang Jiaqi , Xu Chuqiao , Qin Guanxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDistributed assembly permutation flow shop scheduling problem is the hot spot of distributed pipeline scheduling research; however, parallel assembly machines are often in the assembly stage. Therefore, we propose and study distributed parallel assembly permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPAPFSP). This aims to enhance the efficiency of multi‐factory collaborative production in a networked environment. Initially, a corresponding mathematical model was established. Then, an improved hybrid distribution estimation algorithm was proposed to minimize the makespan. The algorithm adopts a single‐layer permutation encoding and decoding strategy based on the rule of the Earliest Finished Time. A local neighbourhood search based on critical paths is performed for the optimal solution using five types of neighborhood design. A dual sampling strategy based on repetition rates was introduced to ensure the diversity of the population in the later periods of iteration. Simulated annealing searching was applied to accelerate the decline of optimal value. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments using 900 arithmetic cases and compare the simulation experimental data of this algorithm with the other four existing algorithms. The analysis results demonstrate this improved algorithm is very effective and competitive in solving the considered DPAPFSP.
Videogestützte Elternberatung und Beurteilung der Entwicklung des elterlichen Kommunikationsverhaltens mit ihren Cochlea Implantat-versorgten Kindern – Fallstudie
Authors: Martsch Anke , Metzeld Dennis , Helbig Silke , Seebens Yvonne , Schäfer Karolin 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungVideogestützte Beratungsangebote sind Teil familienzentrierter Konzepte in der Therapie und Frühförderung von Kindern nach Cochlea Implantat-Versorgung. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Längsschnitt-Fallstudie ist es, zu untersuchen, ob mittels EKIE-hör (Eltern-Kind-Interaktionseinschätzskala) elterliches Interaktionsverhalten mit ihrem CI-versorgten Kind im individuellen Einzelfall im Verlauf adäquat bewertet werden kann. Zudem soll der Einfluss videogestützter Beratung auf das Interaktionsverhalten im Therapieverlauf sichtbar gemacht werden.Untersucht wurden drei Eltern-Kind-Dyaden mit unterschiedlichem Bildungshintergrund und unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen: monolingual Deutsch, zusätzliche Erschwernisse in der Eltern-Kind-Interaktion, andere Erstsprache.Es zeigten sich fallspezifische Schwerpunkte, Interaktionsverläufe und Beratungserfolge. Beratungsschwerpunkte blieben i. d. R. über einen längeren Zeitraum konstant. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung für Eltern CI-versorgter Kinder ist die Balance zwischen sensitiver Reaktion auf die Hörschädigung und angemessener Erhöhung sprachlicher Komplexität.
SARS-CoV-2-Infection in People Addicted to Illegal Drugs – Is There a
Protective Effect of Opioid Maintenance Treatment?
Authors: Kurzhals Simon , Schäfer Martin , Bonnet Udo , Isbruch Katrin , Kühnhold Stefan , Timm Jörg , Specka Michael , Scherbaum Norbert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction People addicted to illegal drugs were discussed as a risk
group for SARS-CoV-2 infections, with increased susceptibility and a severe
course of infection.
Methods In this study, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infections of
drug-dependent persons admitted to inpatient detoxification treatment in five
psychiatric hospitals was determined by implementing routine polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)-testing at admission (9/2020) up to one year. Main
substance-related diagnosis, comorbid respiratory disease, housing situation,
and current opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) were documented. An age-matched
control group of psychiatric inpatients without dependence from illegal drugs
was established.
Results Data from 1675 patients (male 79.5%; mean age 39.5 years; opioid
dependence 81.5% homelessness; 2.4%; chronic respiratory disease 6.3%) were
included. Out of 1365 patients dependent on opioids, 50.2% were currently in
OMT. Six (3 female; mean age 40.3 years) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2
by PCR (0.36%), and none showed symptoms of COVID-19. All six were opioid
dependent, 5 currently not in OMT. In the control group, 11 out of 1811
inpatients tested positive (0.61%).
Discussion The rate of SARS-CoV-2-infections in persons with dependence on
illegal drugs was not increased compared to a control group of psychiatric
patients. OMT is presumably a protective factor, e. g. in the participating
cities, OMT facilities offered an easy access to vaccination programs. In
contrast, drug addicts in the USA were severely affected by the pandemic.
Differences between countries might partially be explained by social factors
such as the higher availability of OMT in Germany and a much lower frequency of
homelessness.
Clinical and Biochemical Features of Kids with COVID-19 Febrile Seizures during the Omicron Wave
Authors: Shi Yu , Miao Shijian , Shen Guomei , Fu Jin , Gao Xuan , Du Xiaonan , Huang Guoying , Zhou Shuizhen , Zhai Xiaowen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective Mild symptoms are the norm for children with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but data on the Omicron form are few. One of the most frequent neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in children is febrile seizure (FS).
Methods Patients with FS who visited the pediatric fever clinic between December 6 and December 31, 2022, when the Omicron version of SARS-CoV-2 was the predominant strain, were included in this retrospective, single-center analysis.
Results Children who tested positive for COVID-19 had a 5.58% incidence of FSs. Compared to patients without COVID-19, a greater percentage of COVID-19 patients (29.5 vs. 7.5%, p < 0.01) experienced complex FSs. In the COVID-19-positive group, four cases were critically unwell and were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (1.4 vs. 0%, p < 0.01), and the admission proportion was greater (18.9 vs. 1.9%, p < 0.01). The proportion of lactic acid and IL-6 increase was larger in the COVID-19-positive group (33.5 vs. 21.5%, 22.1 vs. 17.8%, p = 0.022, p = 0.006, respectively).
Conclusion Infections with COVID-19 in children have been linked to FSs in the Omicron era. To fully understand the neuropathogenesis of seizures in children with COVID-19, more research is required.
Survival Rate of High-Rise Syndrome Cases Using Animal Trauma Triage Score in Cats
Authors: İnal Kamil Serdar , Önyay Taylan , Ersoy Birsen Deniz Özbakır , Göl Melis , Kurban Elif Bağatır , Özak Ahmet , Yardımcı Cenk , Nisbet Hatice Özlem , Sağlam Kamil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective To assess the data of high-rise syndrome (HRS) cases and determine the relationship between Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS), height, injury profile, and survival rate of patients.
Study Design Retrospective study evaluating cats with HRS within a 4-year period.
Results A logistic regression analysis which included height, ground type, and ATTS variables was performed to predict survival rate of patients. Only ATTS was significant among these variables (p < 0.001) and each point increase in ATTS increased the nonsurvival by 0.46 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.347–0.624). The receiver operating curve indicates that ATTS is good at predicting mortality (area under the curve: 0.857; 95% CI: 0.788–0.926; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The height of the fall, injury type, or ground type do not seem to be accurate in estimating the survival rate in HRS patients. Established scoring systems such as ATTS should be used to determine survival rates in future HRS studies.
A dialog between Sino-Western legal traditions: Yan Fu’s translation of “natural law” in Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws
Authors: Zhuang Chiyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs an integral component of legal culture, legal concepts possess distinct cultural characteristics. Translating legal concepts between different cultures to facilitate effective cultural exchange and mutual understanding poses a significant challenge for legal translators. This paper examines Yan Fu’s Chinese translation of “natural law”, a key concept in Montesquieu’s classic The Spirit of Laws, as a case study to analyze the connection between legal translation and cultural traditions in the socio-historical contexts of the early 20th century China. By analyzing Yan’s choice of words, the paper unveils how Yan Fu reinterpreted Western natural law from both religious and ethical perspectives, thereby creating a dynamic dialog between Sino-Western legal cultural traditions.
Competition among recombination pathways in single FAPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: Singha Prajit Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Tamoghna , Tarif Ejaj , Ali Fariyad , Datta Anindya 
Published: August 2024

Single particle level microscopy of immobilized FAPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) has elucidated the involvement of different processes in their photoluminescence (PL) intermittency. Four different blinking patterns are observed in the data from more than 100 NCs. The dependence of PL decays on PL intensities brought out in fluorescence lifetime intensity distribution (FLID) plots is rationalized by the interplay of exciton- and trion-mediated recombinations along with hot carrier (HC) trapping. The high intensity-long lifetime component is attributed to neutral exciton recombination, the low intensity-short lifetime component is attributed to trion assisted recombination, and the low intensity-long lifetime component is attributed to hot carrier recombination. Change-point analysis (CPA) of the PL blinking data reveals the involvement of multiple intermediate states. Truncated power law distribution is found to be more appropriate than power law and lognormal distribution for on and off events. Probability distributions of PL trajectories of single NCs are obtained for two different excitation fluences and wavelengths (λex = 400, 440 nm). Trapping rate (kT) prevails at higher power densities for both excitation wavelengths. From a careful analysis of the FLID and probability distributions, it is concluded that there is competition between the HC and trion assisted blinking pathways and that the contribution of these mechanisms varies with excitation wavelength as well as fluence.
Magnetometry in a diamond anvil cell using nitrogen vacancy centers in a nanodiamond ensemble
Authors: Shelton David P. , Cabriales Waldo , Salamat Ashkan 
Published: August 2024

The emerging field of optical magnetometry utilizing negative-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) centers provides a highly sensitive lab bench technique for spatially resolved physical property measurements. Their implementation in high pressure diamond anvil cell (DAC) environments will become common as other techniques are often limited due to the spatial constraints of the sample chamber. Apparatus and techniques are described here permitting for more general use of magnetic field measurements inside a DAC using continuous wave optical detected magnetic resonance in NV− centers in a layer of nanodiamonds. A microstrip antenna delivers a uniform microwave field to the DAC and is compatible with simple metal gaskets, and the sensor layer of deposited nanodiamonds allows for simple determination of the magnetic field magnitude for B in the 1–100 G range. The ferromagnetic transition in iron at 18 GPa is measured with the apparatus, along with its hysteretic response.
Deep brain temporally interfering magnetic stimulation via parametric characterized spatial array
Authors: Fang Xiao , Wang Shaolong , Luo Yaoyao , Lin Yu , Yang Wenlong , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2024

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows great research potential in human neuroscience. However, when it comes to stimulating deeper brain regions, traditional TMS is restricted by the balance between stimulation focalization and stimulation depth. Temporal interference (TI) stimulation offers a new thought to solve the problem. In this paper, we first discussed the principles of TI-TMS and then established the theoretical model of TI-TMS using the head-surrounded spatial array. Next, we specially designed the parametric characterized spatial array (PCS array) suitable for TI-TMS. The proposed PCS array contains eight special-shaped coils that constitute four sets of difference frequency stimulation pairs and are placed around the human head. Distribution characteristics of the temporally interfering electric fields (E-fields) including stimulation intensity, stimulation focalizations on 1D, 2D, and 3D levels, and attenuation ratios in X, Y, and Z directions were obtained using the finite element analysis method. Our results indicate that the proposed PCS array could form an obvious focusing area with strong stimulation at a stimulation depth of 5 cm below the human scalp while the superficial region is under weak stimulation, which effectively combines the advantages of TMS and TI stimulation. Compared to the traditional TMS systems, the TI-TMS with PCS array can realize selective and focalized stimulation in the deep brain and increase the average attenuation ratio of the induced temporally interfering E-fields by more than 1.93 times. A real human head model containing gray matter was also employed in this paper to verify our results.
Adaptive accelerated reactive molecular dynamics driven by parallel collective variables overcoming dimensionality explosion
Authors: Zhou Rui , Bao Luyao , Bu Weifeng , Zhou Feng 
Published: August 2024

ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics has significantly advanced the exploration of chemical reaction mechanisms in complex systems. However, it faces several challenges: (1) the prevalent use of excessively high temperatures (&gt;2000 K), (2) a time scale considerably shorter than the experimental timeframes (nanoseconds vs seconds), and (3) the constraining impact of dimensionality growth due to collective variables on the expansiveness of research systems. To overcome these issues, we introduced Parallel Collective Variable-Driven Adaptive Accelerated Reaction Molecular Dynamics (PCVR), which integrates metadynamics with ReaxFF. This method incorporates bond distortion based on each bond type for customized Collective Variable (CV) parameterization, facilitating independent parallel acceleration. Simultaneously, the sampling was confined to fixed cutoff ranges for distinct bond distortions, effectively overcoming the challenge of the CV dimensionality explosion. This extension enhances the applicability of ReaxFF to non-strongly coupled systems with numerous reaction energy barriers and mitigates the system size limitations. Using accelerated reactive molecular dynamics, the oxidation of ester-based oil was simulated with 31 808 atoms at 500 K for 64 s. This achieved 61% efficiency compared to the original ReaxFF and was ∼37 times faster than previous methods. Unlike ReaxFF’s high-temperature constraints, PCVR accurately reveals the pivotal role of oxygen in ester oxidation at industrial temperatures, producing polymers consistent with the sludge formation observed in ester degradation experiments. This method promises to advance reactive molecular dynamics by enabling simulations at lower temperatures, extending to second-level timescales, and accommodating systems with millions of atoms.
Analyte-dependent Rabi splitting in solid-state plexcitonic sensors based on plasmonic nanoislands strongly coupled to J-aggregates
Authors: Garcia John Carlo , Wilson Ethan Alex , Aggarwal Dipesh , Rajashekhar Harshitha , Vrushabendrakumar Damini , Shankar Karthik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A key challenge in the field of plexcitonic quantum devices is the fabrication of solid-state, device-friendly plexcitonic nanostructures using inexpensive and scalable techniques. Lithography-free, bottom-up nanofabrication methods have remained relatively unexplored within the context of plexcitonic coupling. In this work, a plexcitonic system consisting of thermally dewetted plasmonic gold nanoislands (AuNI) coated with a thin film of J-aggregates was investigated. Control over nanoisland size and morphology allowed for a range of plasmon resonances with variable detuning from the exciton. The extinction spectra of the hybrid AuNI/J-aggregate films display clear splitting into upper and lower hybrid resonances, while the dispersion curve shows anti-crossing behavior with an estimated Rabi splitting of 180 eV at zero detuning. As a proof of concept for quantum sensing, the AuNI/J-aggregate hybrid was demonstrated to behave as a plexcitonic sensor for hydrochloric acid vapor analyte. This work highlights the possibility of using thermally dewetted nanoparticles as a platform for high-quality, tunable, cost-effective, and scalable plexcitonic nanostructures for sensing devices and beyond.
Response solutions for elliptic-hyperbolic equations with nonlinearities and periodic external forces
Authors: Dong Yingdu , Li Xiong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the existence of response solutions, i.e. periodic solutions with the same frequencies as the external forces, for elliptic-hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonlinearities and periodic forces. The main tools are Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and Nash–Moser iteration scheme, both of which have demonstrated success in hyperbolic scenarios. At each step of the iteration, the Galerkin approximation of the equation is solved. The new issue is that the spectral theory of the generalized Sturm–Liouville problem is employed, which also introduces new difficulties for estimations at each step. Under appropriate non-resonance conditions on the frequency, the existence of response solutions for the model will be established.
Quantum illumination and quantum radar: a brief overview
Authors: Karsa Athena , Fletcher Alasdair , Spedalieri Gaetana , Pirandola Stefano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum illumination (QI) and quantum radar have emerged as potentially groundbreaking technologies, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to revolutionise the field of remote sensing and target detection. The protocol, particularly in the context of quantum radar, has been subject to a great deal of aspirational conjecture as well as criticism with respect to its realistic potential. In this review, we present a broad overview of the field of quantum target detection focusing on QI and its potential as an underlying scheme for a quantum radar operating at microwave frequencies. We provide context for the field by considering its historical development and fundamental principles. Our aim is to provide a balanced discussion on the state of theoretical and experimental progress towards realising a working QI-based quantum radar, and draw conclusions about its current outlook and future directions.
Prediction of novel layered indium halide superconductors
Authors: Yuan 袁 Zhi-Hong 志红 , Meng 孟 Jing-Jing 静静 , Liu 刘 Rui 瑞 , Zheng 郑 Peng-Yu 鹏宇 , Yin 殷 Zhi-Ping 志平 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We design two new layered indium halide compounds LaOInF2 and LaOInCl2 by means of first-principles calculations and evolutionary crystal structure prediction. We find both compounds crystallize in a tetragonal structure with P4/nmm space group and have indirect band gaps of 2.58 eV and 3.21 eV, respectively. By substituting O with F, both of them become metallic and superconducting at low temperature. The F-doping leads to strong electron–phonon coupling in the low-energy acoustic phonon modes which is mainly responsible for the induced superconductivity. The total electron–phonon coupling strength are 1.86 and 1.48, while the superconducting transition temperature (T
c) are about 7.2 K and 6.5 K with 10% and 5% F doping for LaOInF2 and LaOInCl2, respectively.
Dynamic voltage safety measurement and assessment index considering short-term voltage stability
Authors: Zhang Yangnan , Sui Lihui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At present, most of the short-term voltage stability criteria used in various power grids are based on voltage waveform, but these criteria can only determine whether the voltage is stable in the power system, but cannot give the relative degree of voltage stability. To evaluate and further plan reactive power reserves in power systems, a criterion for evaluating the short-term voltage stability (STVS) of power systems is needed. In this paper, a Dynamic Voltage Safety Measurement and Assessment Index (DVSMAI), which is based only on bus voltage data, is proposed, consisting of three indexes. They are the low voltage recovery component, the oscillation degree component, and the steady-state recovery component. Each component can correspond to the response of the bus voltage in the transient process, so the voltage waveform in the transient process can be described more comprehensively. The size of the index can fully quantify the voltage stability and safety in various cases, and the generalization ability is strong.