bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CK2‐regulated schwannomin‐interacting protein IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 association with AnkG contributes to the maintenance of the axon initial segment
Authors: Papandréou Marie‐Jeanne , Vacher Hélène , Fache Marie‐Pierre , Klingler Esther , Rueda‐Boroni Fanny , Ferracci Géraldine , Debarnot Claire , Pipéroglou Christelle , Del Caño Gontzal Garcia , Goutebroze Laurence , Dargent Bénédicte 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) plays a central role in electrogenesis and in the maintenance of neuronal polarity. Its molecular organization is dependent on the scaffolding protein ankyrin (Ank) G and is regulated by kinases. For example, the phosphorylation of voltage‐gated sodium channels by the protein kinase CK2 regulates their interaction with AnkG and, consequently, their accumulation at the AIS. We previously showed that IQ motif containing J‐Schwannomin‐Interacting Protein 1 (IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1), an isoform of the SCHIP‐1, accumulated at the AIS in vivo. Here, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1‐specific axonal location. We showed that IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 accumulation in the AIS of cultured hippocampal neurons depended on AnkG expression. Pull‐down assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that AnkG binds to CK2‐phosphorylated IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 but not to the non‐phosphorylated protein. Surface plasmon resonance approaches using IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1, SCHIP‐1a, another SCHIP‐1 isoform, and their C‐terminus tail mutants revealed that a segment including multiple CK2‐phosphorylatable sites was directly involved in the interaction with AnkG. Pharmacological inhibition of CK2 diminished both IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 and AnkG accumulation in the AIS. Silencing SCHIP‐1 expression reduced AnkG cluster at the AIS. Finally, over‐expression of IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 decreased AnkG concentration at the AIS, whereas a mutant deleted of the CK2‐regulated AnkG interaction site did not. Our study reveals that CK2‐regulated IQJC‐SCHIP‐1 association with AnkG contributes to AIS maintenance.
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The axon initial segment (AIS) organization depends on ankyrin (Ank) G and kinases. Here we showed that AnkG binds to CK2‐phosphorylated IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1, in a segment including 12 CK2‐phosphorylatable sites. In cultured neurons, either pharmacological inhibition of CK2 or IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 silencing reduced AnkG clustering. Overexpressed IQCJ‐SCHIP‐1 decreased AnkG concentration at the AIS whereas a mutant deleted of the CK2‐regulated AnkG interaction site did not. Thus, CK2‐regulated IQJC‐SCHIP‐1 association with AnkG contributes to AIS maintenance.
Use of Orbital Conformer to Improve Speech in Patients with Confluent Maxillectomy and Orbital Defects
Authors: Colebeck Amanda C. , Kase Michael T. , Nichols Cindy B. , Golden Marjorie , Huryn Joseph M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe basic objective in prosthetic restoration of confluent maxillary and orbital defects is to achieve a comfortable, cosmetically acceptable prosthesis that restores speech, deglutition, and mastication. It is a challenging task complicated by the size and shape of the defects. The maxillary obturator prosthesis often satisfies the objective of adequate deglutition; however, orbital defects that are not obturated in the medial, septal, or posterior walls allow air to escape, negatively impacting phonation. This article describes a technique to achieve favorable prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with a maxillectomy and ipsilateral orbital exenteration. The prosthetic components include maxillary obturator, orbital conformer, and orbital prosthesis connected using rigid magnetic attachments.
A molecular evaluation of the Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda including Liagora nesophila sp. nov. and Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov.
Authors: Popolizio Thea R. , Schneider Craig W. , Lane Christopher E. 
Published: May 2015

We have undertaken a comprehensive, molecular‐assisted alpha‐taxonomic examination of the rhodophyte family Liagoraceae sensu lato, a group that has not previously been targeted for molecular studies in the western Atlantic. Sequence data from three molecular markers indicate that in Bermuda alone there are 10 species in nine different genera. These include the addition of three genera to the flora — Hommersandiophycus, Trichogloeopsis, and Yamadaella. Liagora pectinata, a species with a type locality in Bermuda, is phylogenetically allied with Indo‐Pacific species of Hommersandiophycus, and the species historically reported as L. ceranoides for the islands is morphologically and genetically distinct from that taxon, and is herein described as L. nesophila sp. nov. Molecular sequence data have also uncovered the Indo‐Pacific L. mannarensis in Bermuda, a long‐distance new western Atlantic record. DNA sequences of Trichogloeopsis pedicellata from the type locality (Bahamas) match with local specimens demonstrating its presence in Bermuda. We described Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov. from Bermuda, a species phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from the generitype, Y. caenomyce of the Indo‐Pacific. Our data also indicated a single species each of Ganonema, Gloiocallis, Helminthocladia, Titanophycus, and Trichogloea in the flora.
Chronic Lower Limb Wound Outcomes Among Rural and Urban Veterans
Authors: Bouldin Erin D. , Taylor Leslie L. , Littman Alyson J. , Karavan Mahsa , Rice Kenneth , Reiber Gayle E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeVeterans in rural areas generally have lower health care utilization than veterans in urban areas, but the impact of this difference on health outcomes has received little study. Chronic wounds provide a model for studying access to complex chronic care since they often are related to underlying health conditions and require lengthy treatment. Our goals were to describe chronic wound care utilization among rural and urban veterans and to determine the association between rural residence and wound healing.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 160 rural and 160 urban veterans in the Pacific Northwest with an incident of chronic lower limb wound between October 1, 2006, and September 30, 2007. We followed individuals for up to 1 year, measuring wound care utilization within Veterans Health Administration and Medicare. We compared wound healing using a competing risks proportional hazards model accounting for amputation and death.FindingsRural veterans had fewer outpatient wound care visits (6.8 vs 9.9) than urban veterans and a similar number of inpatient wound care stays (0.9 and 0.8, respectively). During follow‐up, 234 veterans’ wounds healed (77% rural, 69% urban). The adjusted hazard ratio for wound healing was 1.11 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.84‐1.47, P = .45) for rural compared to urban veterans. The hazard of amputation was higher among rural veterans (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.02‐6.87, P = .045) and the hazard of death was lower (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.97, P = .043).ConclusionsDespite lower wound care utilization, rural veterans’ wounds were as likely to heal as urban veterans’ wounds.
Urban and Rural Differences in Parental Attitudes About Influenza Vaccination and Vaccine Delivery Models
Authors: O'Leary Sean T. , Barnard Juliana , Lockhart Steven , Kolasa Maureen , Shmueli Doron , Dickinson L. Miriam , Kile Deidre , Dibert Eva , Kempe Allison 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and compare among parents of healthy children in urban and rural areas: (1) reported influenza vaccination status; (2) attitudes regarding influenza vaccination; and (3) attitudes about collaborative models for influenza vaccination delivery involving practices and public health departments.MethodsA mail survey to random samples of parents from 2 urban and 2 rural private practices in Colorado from April 2012 to June 2012.ResultsThe response rate was 58% (288/500). In the prior season, 63% of urban and 41% of rural parents reported their child received influenza vaccination (P < .001). No differences in attitudes about influenza infection or vaccination between urban and rural parents were found, with 75% of urban and 73% of rural parents agreeing their child should receive an influenza vaccine every year (P = .71). High proportions reported willingness to participate in a collaborative clinic in a community setting (59% urban, 70% rural, P = .05) or at their child's provider (73% urban, 73% rural, P = .99) with public health department assisting. Fewer (36% urban, 53% rural, P < .01) were likely to go to the public health department if referred by their provider. Rural parents were more willing for their child to receive vaccination outside of their provider's office (70% vs. 55%, P = .01).ConclusionsWhile attitudes regarding influenza vaccination were similar, rural children were much less likely to have received vaccination. Most parents were amenable to collaborative models of influenza vaccination delivery, but rural parents were more comfortable with influenza vaccination outside their provider's office, suggesting that other venues for influenza vaccination in rural settings should be promoted.
Disparities in the Utilization of Laparoscopic Surgery for Colon Cancer in Rural Nebraska: A Call for Placement and Training of Rural General Surgeons
Authors: Gruber Kelli , Soliman Amr S. , Schmid Kendra , Rettig Bryan , Ryan June , Watanabe‐Galloway Shinobu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in medical technology are changing surgical standards for colon cancer treatment. The laparoscopic colectomy is equivalent to the standard open colectomy while providing additional benefits. It is currently unknown what factors influence utilization of laparoscopic surgery in rural areas and if treatment disparities exist. The objectives of this study were to examine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with receiving laparoscopic colectomy and to examine the differences between rural and urban patients who received either procedure.MethodsThis study utilized a linked data set of Nebraska Cancer Registry and hospital discharge data on colon cancer patients diagnosed and treated in the entire state of Nebraska from 2008 to 2011 (N = 1,062). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of receiving the laparoscopic treatment.ResultsRural colon cancer patients were 40% less likely to receive laparoscopic colectomy compared to urban patients. Independent predictors of receiving laparoscopic colectomy were younger age (<60), urban residence, ≥3 comorbidities, elective admission, smaller tumor size, and early stage at diagnosis. Additionally, rural patients varied demographically compared to urban patients.ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery is becoming the new standard of treatment for colon cancer and important disparities exist for rural cancer patients in accessing the specialized treatment. As cancer treatment becomes more specialized, the importance of training and placement of general surgeons in rural communities must be a priority for health care planning and professional training institutions.
Influence of neighbourhood‐level crowding on sleep‐disordered breathing severity: mediation by body size
Authors: Johnson Dayna A. , Drake Christopher , Joseph Christine L. M. , Krajenta Richard , Hudgel David W. , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea E. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNeighbourhood‐level crowding, a measure of the percentage of households with more than one person per room, may impact the severity of sleep‐disordered breathing. This study examined the association of neighbourhood‐level crowding with apnoea–hypopnoea index in a large clinical sample of diverse adults with sleep‐disordered breathing. Sleep‐disordered breathing severity was quantified as the apnoea–hypopnoea index calculated from overnight polysomnogram; analyses were restricted to those with apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥5. Neighbourhood‐level crowding was defined using 2000 US Census tract data as percentage of households in a census tract with >1 person per room. Multivariable linear mixed models were fit to examine the associations between the percentage of neighbourhood‐level crowding and apnoea–hypopnoea index, and a causal mediation analysis was conducted to determine if body mass index acted as a mediator between neighbourhood‐level crowding and apnoea–hypopnoea index. Among 1789 patients (43% African American; 68% male; 80% obese), the mean apnoea–hypopnoea index was 29.0 ± 25.3. After adjusting for race, age, marital status and gender, neighbourhood‐level crowding was associated with apnoea–hypopnoea index; for every one‐unit increase in percentage of neighbourhood‐level crowding mean, the apnoea–hypopnoea index increased by 0.40 ± 0.20 (P = 0.04). There was a statistically significant indirect effect of neighbourhood‐level crowding through body mass index on the apnoea–hypopnoea index (P < 0.001). Neighbourhood‐level crowding is associated with severity of sleep‐disordered breathing. Body mass index partially mediated the association between neighbourhood‐level crowding and sleep‐disordered breathing. Investigating prevalent neighbourhood conditions impacting breathing in urban settings may be promising.
Genome‐wide signature of local adaptation linked to variable CpG methylation in oak populations
Authors: Platt Alexander , Gugger Paul F. , Pellegrini Matteo , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt has long been known that adaptive evolution can occur through genetic mutations in DNA sequence, but it is unclear whether adaptive evolution can occur through analogous epigenetic mechanisms, such as through DNA methylation. If epigenetic variation contributes directly to evolution, species under threat of disease, invasive competition, climate change or other stresses would have greater stores of variation from which to draw. We looked for evidence of natural selection acting on variably methylated DNA sites using population genomic analysis across three climatologically distinct populations of valley oaks. We found patterns of genetic and epigenetic differentiations that indicate local adaptation is operating on large portions of the oak genome. While CHG methyl polymorphisms are not playing a significant role and would make poor targets for natural selection, our findings suggest that CpG methyl polymorphisms as a whole are involved in local adaptation, either directly or through linkage to regions under selection.
Fine‐scale belowground species associations in temperate grassland
Authors: Frank Douglas A. , Pontes Alyssa W. , Maine Eleanor M. , Fridley Jason D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEvaluating how belowground processes contribute to plant community dynamics is hampered by limited information on the spatial structure of root communities at the scale that plants interact belowground. In this study, roots were mapped to the nearest one mm and molecularly identified by species on vertical (0–15 cm deep) surfaces of soil blocks excavated from dry and mesic grasslands in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to examine the spatial relationships among species at the scale that roots interact. Our results indicated that average interspecific root – root distances for the majority of species were within a distance (3 mm) that roots have been shown to compete for resources. Most species placed their roots at random, although low root numbers for many species probably led to overestimating the occurrence of random patterns. According to theory, we expected that most of the remaining species would segregate their root systems to avoid competition. Instead we found that more species aggregated than segregated from others. Based on previous investigations, we hypothesize that species aggregate to increase uptake of water, nitrogen and/or phosphorus made available by neighbouring roots, or as a consequence of a reduction in the pathogenicity of soil biota growing in multispecies mixtures. Our results indicate that YNP grassland root communities are organized as closely interdigitating networks of species that potentially can support strong interactions among many species combinations. Future root research should address the prevalence and functional consequences of species aggregation across plant communities.
Bath‐related headache controlled by zolmitriptan
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Ando Maya , Shimura Hideki , Yamashiro Kazuo , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBath‐related headache is a rare headache syndrome that is usually provoked by contact with water, such as during bathing and showering, and mostly affects postmenopausal, middle‐aged or elderly Asian women. The patient was a 59‐year‐old Japanese woman who had experienced repeated intense thunderclap headaches immediately after taking a shower. The trigger episodes for the headache were not only taking a shower, but also tooth brushing and wiping the body with a hot towel. Several medications, including NSAIDs or Ca‐channel blocker, were not effective for the headache; however, pretreatment with zolmitriptan before showering completely attenuated the attack of bath‐related headache. Previous literature showed that bath‐related headache is generally resistant to NSAIDs; and other treatments, such as nimodipine (a Ca2+ channel antagonist), also showed limited effects. As the present case showed the strong effects of triptans for the prevention of bath‐related headache, we discuss its pathophysiology and review the literature.
Changes in fungal communities along a boreal forest soil fertility gradient
Authors: Sterkenburg Erica , Bahr Adam , Brandström Durling Mikael , Clemmensen Karina E. , Lindahl Björn D. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Boreal forests harbour diverse fungal communities with decisive roles in decomposition and plant nutrition. Although changes in boreal plant communities along gradients in soil acidity and nitrogen (N) availability are well described, less is known about how fungal taxonomic and functional groups respond to soil fertility factors.

We analysed fungal communities in humus and litter from 25 Swedish old‐growth forests, ranging from N‐rich Picea abies stands to acidic and N‐poor Pinus sylvestris stands. 454‐pyrosequencing of ITS2 amplicons was used to analyse community composition, and biomass was estimated by ergosterol analysis.

Fungal community composition was significantly related to soil fertility at the levels of species, genera/orders and functional groups. Ascomycetes dominated in less fertile forests, whereas basidiomycetes increased in abundance in more fertile forests, both in litter and humus. The relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the humus layer remained high even in the most fertile soils.

Tolerance to acidity and nitrogen deficiency seems to be of greater importance than plant carbon (C) allocation patterns in determining responses of fungal communities to soil fertility, in old‐growth boreal forests.
Condensed tannins increase nitrogen recovery by trees following insect defoliation
Authors: Madritch Michael D. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

While the importance of plant secondary metabolites to belowground functioning is gaining recognition, the perception remains that secondary metabolites are produced for herbivore defense, whereas their belowground impacts are ecological by‐products, or ‘afterlife’ effects. However, plants invest a significant amount of resources into production of secondary metabolites that have minimal effects on herbivore resistance (e.g. condensed tannins and insect herbivores).

We show that genetically mediated variation in condensed tannin concentration is correlated with plant nitrogen recovery following a severe defoliation event. We used single‐tree mesocosms labeled with 15N to track nitrogen through both the frass and litter cycling pathways.

High concentrations of leaf tannins in Populus tremuloides were correlated with 15N recovery from frass within the same growing season and in the following growing season. Likewise, leaf tannin concentrations were also correlated with 15N recovery from the litter of defoliated trees in the growing season following the defoliation event. Conversely, tannins were not well correlated with nitrogen uptake under conditions of nominal herbivory.

Our results suggest that tannins may confer benefits in response to herbivore pressure through conserved belowground nitrogen cycling, rather than via defensive properties. Consequently, tannins may be considered as chemical mediators of tolerance rather than resistance.
Proteome characterization of melanoma exosomes reveals a specific signature for metastatic cell lines
Authors: Lazar Ikrame , Clement Emily , Ducoux‐Petit Manuelle , Denat Laurence , Soldan Vanessa , Dauvillier Stéphanie , Balor Stéphanie , Burlet‐Schiltz Odile , Larue Lionel , Muller Catherine , Nieto Laurence 
Published: May 2015

SummaryExosomes are important mediators in cell‐to‐cell communication and, recently, their role in melanoma progression has been brought to light. Here, we characterized exosomes secreted by seven melanoma cell lines with varying degrees of aggressivity. Extensive proteomic analysis of their exosomes confirmed the presence of characteristic exosomal markers as well as melanoma‐specific antigens and oncogenic proteins. Importantly, the protein composition differed among exosomes from different lines. Exosomes from aggressive cells contained specific proteins involved in cell motility, angiogenesis, and immune response, while these proteins were less abundant or absent in exosomes from less aggressive cells. Interestingly, when exposed to exosomes from metastatic lines, less aggressive cells increased their migratory capacities, likely due to transfer of pro‐migratory exosomal proteins to recipient cells. Hence, this study shows that the specific protein composition of melanoma exosomes depends on the cells’ aggressivity and suggests that exosomes influence the behavior of other tumor cells and their microenvironment.
Survey of duckweed diversity in Lake Chao and total fatty acid, triacylglycerol, profiles of representative strains
Authors: Tang J. , Li Y. , Ma J. , Cheng J. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLemnaceae (duckweeds) are widely distributed aquatic flowering plants. Their high growth rate, starch content and suitability for bioremediation make them potential feedstock for biofuels. However, few natural duckweed resources have been investigated in China, and there is no information about total fatty acid (TFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of duckweeds from China. Here, the genetic diversity of a natural duckweed population collected from Lake Chao, China, was investigated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The 54 strains were categorised into four species in four genera, representing 12 distinct sequence types. Strains representing Lemna aequinoctialis and Spirodela polyrhiza were predominant. Interestingly, a surprisingly high degree of genetic diversification within L. aequinoctialis was observed. The four duckweed species revealed a uniform fatty acid composition, with three fatty acids, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, accounting for more than 80% of the TFA. The TFA in biomass varied among species, ranging from 1.05% (of dry weight, DW) for L. punctata and S. polyrhiza to 1.62% for Wolffia globosa. The four duckweed species contained similar TAG contents, 0.02% mg·DW−1. The fatty acid profiles of TAG were different from those of TFA, and also varied among the four species. The survey investigated the genetic diversity of duckweeds from Lake Chao, and provides an initial insight into TFA and TAG of four duckweed species, indicating that intraspecific and interspecific variations exist in the content and composition of both TFA and TAG in comparison with other studies.