bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Cooperative Antilock Braking Control of Regenerative and Mechanical System for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Intelligent Tire
Authors: Yu Hongxiao , Taheri Saied , Duan Jianmin , Qi Zhiquan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the development of the global automotive industry, environmental pollution and driving safety have been major problems. This paper focuses on a novel integrated cooperative antilock braking system (ABS) controller, which is used for antilock regenerative braking systems (ARBS) and antilock mechanical braking systems (AMBS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) driving on different road surfaces. An intelligent tire system is utilized to detect varying road surfaces to obtain friction information and optimal operation slip ratio. In addition, the HEV eight‐degree‐of‐freedom dynamics model is developed for ABS control, which includes the LuGre tire model. Adaptive backstepping and finite state machine controllers are explored to maintain optimal wheel slip and regenerate energy, based on wheel slip, battery state of charge (SOC), motor capability torque, and vehicle velocity, and to develop the switching rules of regenerative and mechanical braking systems. In order to evaluate the performance of regenerative and mechanical braking systems on harvesting energy and driving safety, the HEV and LuGre dynamic tire models are developed in MATLAB SIMULINK /SimDriveline. The estimation results of different road surfaces and slip controller effects are tested via the experiments and simulations, finding good braking performances and high regenerative efficiency in different maneuvers.
Outcome following resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Smith H G , Panchalingam D , Hannay J A F , Smith M J F , Thomas J M , Hayes A J , Strauss D C 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Retroperitoneal sarcoma comprises a range of different histological subtypes with dissimilar behaviour and biology. This study sought to characterize the morbidity and mortality associated with multivisceral resection and oncological outcomes according to subtype.

Methods
All patients undergoing resection of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma at the Royal Marsden Hospital between January 2005 and December 2014 were identified from a database.

Results
Some 362 patients underwent resection, with 292 requiring multivisceral resection. The 30-day mortality rate was 1·4 per cent (5 patients), the 30-day morbidity rate was 15·7 per cent (57 patients), and 27 patients required a return to theatre. Age over 75 years was predictive of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio 1·37, 95 per cent c.i. 1·13 to 1·65). The overall disease-specific survival rate at 3 years was 81·2 per cent. For well differentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, 3-year local recurrence-free survival rates were 98 (95 per cent c.i. 83 to 99), 56·7 (45·7 to 66·2) and 80 (67 to 89) per cent respectively. At 3 years the distant metastasis-free survival rate was 100, 85·9 (77·4 to 91·4) and 65 (49 to 77) per cent, and the disease-specific survival rate was 97 (89 to 99), 78·5 (74·6 to 82·4) and 79 (63 to 85) per cent for well differentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma respectively.

Conclusion
Resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma was associated with a 30-day mortality rate of less than 2 per cent and a morbidity rate of 15·7 per cent. The overall 3-year disease-specific survival rate was 81·2 per cent.
Practice changes beta power at rest and its modulation during movement in healthy subjects but not in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Moisello Clara , Blanco Daniella , Lin Jing , Panday Priya , Kelly Simon P. , Quartarone Angelo , Di Rocco Alessandro , Cirelli Chiara , Tononi Giulio , Ghilardi M. Felice 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by impairments in cortical plasticity, in beta frequency at rest and in beta power modulation during movement (i.e., event‐related ERS [synchronization] and ERD [desynchronization]). Recent results with experimental protocols inducing long‐term potentiation in healthy subjects suggest that cortical plasticity phenomena might be reflected by changes of beta power recorded with EEG during rest. Here, we determined whether motor practice produces changes in beta power at rest and during movements in both healthy subjects and patients with PD. We hypothesized that such changes would be reduced in PD.MethodsWe thus recorded EEG in patients with PD and age‐matched controls before, during and after a 40‐minute reaching task. We determined posttask changes of beta power at rest and assessed the progressive changes of beta ERD and ERS during the task over frontal and sensorimotor regions.ResultsWe found that beta ERS and ERD changed significantly with practice in controls but not in PD. In PD compared to controls, beta power at rest was greater over frontal sensors but posttask changes, like those during movements, were far less evident. In both groups, kinematic characteristics improved with practice; however, there was no correlation between such improvements and the changes in beta power.ConclusionsWe conclude that prolonged practice in a motor task produces use‐dependent modifications that are reflected in changes of beta power at rest and during movement. In PD, such changes are significantly reduced; such a reduction might represent, at least partially, impairment of cortical plasticity.
White matter microstructure between the pre‐SMA and the cingulum bundle is related to response conflict in healthy subjects
Authors: Yamamoto Maeri , Kushima Itaru , Kimura Hiroki , Hayashi Akiko , Kawano Naoko , Aleksic Branko , Iidaka Tetsuya , Ozaki Norio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionResponse conflict involves selectively attending to relevant information and suppressing distracting, irrelevant information. The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is considered to be involved in response conflict. However, it remains unclear which white matter connectivity is associated with response conflict. This study aimed to delineate the neural connectivity of response conflict in healthy subjects and investigate the association between white matter microstructure and performance of a response conflict task.MethodTwenty‐eight healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the Flanker task and diffusion MRI. We identified the presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) using fMRI. Furthermore, we delineated the white matter connectivity between the pre‐SMA and the cingulum bundle (CB), which is located in the MFC, using probabilistic tractography. We calculated the mean diffusivity (MD), index of white matter microstructure, of this tract and evaluate the association between MD and performance of the Flanker task.ResultThe mean MD of this tract was significantly and positively associated with performance of the Flanker task.ConclusionThe present study suggests the white matter connectivity between the pre‐SMA and the CB is related to the response conflict in healthy subjects and finer white matter microstructure is associated with smaller response conflict.
Outcomes of a dedicated stent in coronary bifurcations with large side branches: A subanalysis of the randomized TRYTON bifurcation study
Authors: Généreux Philippe , Kini Annapoorna , Lesiak Maciej , Kumsars Indulis , Fontos Géza , Slagboom Ton , Ungi Imre , Metzger D. Christopher , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Stella Pieter R. , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Fearon William F. , Lefèvre Thierry , Feldman Robert L. , Tarantini Giuseppe , Bettinger Nicolas , Minalu Ayele Girma , LaSalle Laura , Francese Dominic P. , Onuma Yoshinobu , Grundeken Maik J. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Laak Linda L. , Cutlip Donald E. , Kaplan Aaron V. , Serruys Patrick W. , Leon Martin B. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the benefit of the Tryton dedicated side branch (SB) stent compared with provisional stenting in the treatment of complex bifurcation lesions involving large SBs.BackgroundThe TRYTON Trial was designed to evaluate the utility of a dedicated SB stent to treat true bifurcation lesions involving large (≥2.5 mm by visual estimation) SBs. Patient enrolled in the trial had smaller SB diameters than intended (59% SB ≤2.25 mm by Core Lab QCA). The TRYTON Trial did not meet its primary endpoint due to an increased rate of peri‐procedural myocardial infarctions (MIs).MethodsThe TRYTON Trial randomized 704 patients to the Tryton SB stent with main vessel DES versus provisional SB treatment with main vessel DES. The rates of the primary end point of target vessel failure and the secondary powered end point of angiographic percent diameter stenosis in the SB at 9 months were assessed and compared between the two treatment strategies among patients with a SB ≥2.25 mm diameter at baseline determined by Core Lab QCA.ResultsAmong the 704 patients enrolled in the TRYTON Trial, 289 patients (143 provisional and 146 Tryton stent; 41% of entire cohort) had a SB ≥2.25 mm. The primary end point of TVF was numerically lower in the Tryton group compared with the provisional group (11.3% vs. 15.6%, P = 0.38), and was within the non‐inferiority margin. No difference among the rates of clinically driven target vessel revascularization (3.5% vs. 4.3% P = 0.77) or cardiac death (0% both groups) were seen. In‐segment percent diameter stenosis of the SB was significantly lower in the Tryton group compared with the provisional group (30.4% vs. 40.6%, P = 0.004).ConclusionsAnalysis of the TRYTON Trial cohort of SB ≥2.25 mm supports the safety and efficacy of the Tryton SB stent compared with a provisional stenting strategy in the treatment of bifurcation lesions involving large SBs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operando UV/Vis Analysis of the Synergy Effect between Copper and Gold in Nitric Oxide Reduction over Gold and Copper on Alumina Catalysts
Authors: Kondratenko Evgenii V. , Takahashi Naoki , Nagata Naoto , Ibe Masaya , Hirata Hirohito , Takahashi Hiroaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMono‐ (Cu or Au) and bi‐metallic AuCu nanoparticles were prepared by a modified polyol reduction method and deposited onto Al2O3 followed by calcination at 500 °C in air. The synthesised catalysts were tested for their activity for NO reduction with CO in excess H2O between 50 and 500 °C at a contact time relevant for automotive convertors. The bi‐metallic catalysts showed a significantly higher activity than Cu/Al2O3 and Au/Al2O3, and the latter was inert for the target reaction. In addition, the activity depended greatly on the Au/Cu ratio, which thus demonstrates a synergy effect between these two metals. Operando UV/Vis spectroscopy provided direct evidence for the transformation of initially oxidised CuOx species into metallic Cu0, which is the only active species for NO reduction. Promotion with Au was found to accelerate the reduction of Cu2+/Cu+ to Cu0.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Iterative C−H Bond Arylations: Synthesis of Medium‐Size Heterocycles with a Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Hagui Wided , Yuan Kedong , Besbes Néji , Srasra Ezzeddine , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCondensed N‐heterocycles were prepared by using iterative C−H bond activation reactions catalyzed by palladium. The first step consists of a palladium‐catalyzed direct desulfitative C−H bond arylation of brominated N‐benzylpyrrole derivatives with benzenesulfonyl chlorides. The presence of the bromine atom allows the formation in the second step of several N‐heterocycles with five‐, six‐, or seven‐membered rings by a palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular C−H bond arylation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboxylation of Benzyl Chlorides with Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Combination with Manganese/Magnesium Chloride
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Yu Ao , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn efficient direct carboxylation of a series of benzyl chlorides with CO2 catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/dicyclohexyl (2′,6′‐dimethoxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)phosphine (SPhos) was developed to afford the corresponding phenylacetic acids in combination with Mn powder as a reducing reagent and MgCl2 as an indispensable additive. The reaction proceeded smoothly under 1 atm CO2. The application of Mn powder instead of a sensitive reducing reagent represents an operationally simple access to phenylacetic acids. Notably, MgCl2 is able to stabilize the (SPhos)2PdII(Bn)(Cl)(η1‐CO2)(MgCl2) adduct and thus facilitates CO2 insertion into the PdII−C bond, which is supported by a DFT study.
High‐Performance Fe–N‐Doped Graphene Electrocatalysts with pH‐Dependent Active Sites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Pan Fuping , Zhao Qiuping , Wang Jia , Zhang Junyan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdvanced Fe–N‐doped graphene (FeNG) electrocatalysts are developed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by annealing a mixture of sustainable and low‐cost corn starch, urea, and FeCl3. The Fe–N coordinations and Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles can be controllably achieved through space confinement and pyrolysis temperature‐induced effects, respectively. Electrochemical tests show that, compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, the ORR half‐wave potential of FeNG is 99 mV more positive in KOH and 34 mV more negative in H2SO4, with higher stabilities in both media. More importantly, the ORR mechanisms of FeNG are demonstrated to be diverse in both KOH and H2SO4, owing to the various catalytic centers. The obtained results indicate that the enhanced ORR activity in basic media can mainly be ascribed to quaternary N and Fe/Fe3C sites, whereas the ORR performance in acidic media originates primarily from Fe–NX complexes. The electrocatalytic origin of these species is governed, primarily, by their unique electronic structures and specific environments in different pH solutions.
NaV3O8 Nanoplates as a Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Cathode with Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Stability
Authors: Cao Liufei , Chen Liang , Huang Zheng , Kuang Yafei , Zhou Haihui , Chen Zhongxue 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNaV3O8 nanoplates with a thickness of approximately 50–200 nm, a length of 1–3 μm, and a width of 0.2–1 μm have been fabricated by using an in situ template method. When used as a cathode material for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), the as‐synthesized NaV3O8 nanoplates delivered a high reversible capacity of 230 mAh g−1, with a capacity retention of 93.4 % for up to 200 cycles. Furthermore, about 50 % of its regular capacity can be retained even at a high current density of 6.4 A g−1 (ca. 21.3 C). The superior electrochemical performances are attributed to the fast lithium‐ion diffusion kinetics and good structural stability. The excellent Li‐storage properties, including high capacity, superior high‐rate performance, and long cycle life, demonstrate that NaV3O8 nanoplates can serve as a potential candidate for the cathode materials of Li‐ion batteries.
Z‐Selective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Tethered Cu–Alkoxide Complexes
Authors: Pape Felix , Thiel Niklas O. , Teichert Johannes F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA highly stereoselective alkyne semihydrogenation with copper(I) complexes is reported. Copper–N‐heterocyclic carbene complex catalysts, bearing an intramolecular CuO bond, allow for the direct transfer of both hydrogen atoms from dihydrogen to the alkyne. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated with high Z selectivity and negligible overreduction to the alkane.
Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by Double‐Decker Dipalladium Complexes: Low Branched Poly(α‐Olefin)s by Selective Insertion of the Monomer Molecule
Authors: Takano Shigenaga , Takeuchi Daisuke , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDipalladium complexes of a cyclic bis(diimine) ligand with a double‐decker structure catalyze polymerization of ethylene and α‐olefins and copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene. The polymerization of 1‐hexene yields a polymer that is mainly composed of the hexamethylene unit formed by 2,1‐insertion of the monomer into the palladium–carbon bond, followed by chain‐walking (6,1‐insertion). The polymerization of 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene proceeds by 2,1‐insertion with a selectivity of 92–97 %, and affords the polymer with methyl and 2‐methylhexyl branches. 2,1‐Insertion occurs selectively in all of the polymerization reactions of α‐olefins catalyzed by the dipalladium complexes. Ethylene polymerization with the catalyst at 100 °C lasts over 24 h, whereas the monopalladium–diimine catalyst loses its activity within 8 h at 60 °C. Polyethylene obtained by the dipalladium catalyst is less‐branched and has a higher molecular weight compared to that of the monopalladium catalyst under the same conditions. Copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene affords solid products with melting points and molecular weights that vary depending on the polymerization time, suggesting formation of a block and/or gradient copolymer.
Evaluation of Anisole‐Substituted Boron Difluoride Formazanate Complexes for Fluorescence Cell Imaging
Authors: Maar Ryan R. , Barbon Stephanie M. , Sharma Neha , Groom Hilary , Luyt Leonard G. , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEvaluation of three subclasses of boron difluoride formazanate complexes bearing o‐, m‐, and p‐anisole N‐aryl substituents (Ar) as readily accessible alternatives to boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes for cell imaging applications is described. While the wavelengths of maximum absorption (λmax) and emission (λem) observed for each subclass of complexes, which differed by their carbon‐bound substituents (R), were similar, the emission quantum yields for 7 a–c (R=cyano) were enhanced relative to 8 a–c (R=nitro) and 9 a–c (R=phenyl). Complexes 7 a–c and 8 a–c were also significantly easier to reduce electrochemically to their radical anion and dianion forms compared to 9 a–c. Within each subclass, the o‐substituted derivatives were more difficult to reduce, had shorter λmax and λem, and lower emission quantum yields than the p‐substituted analogues as a result of sterically driven twisting of the N‐aryl substituents and a decrease in the degree of π‐conjugation. The m‐substituted complexes were the least difficult to reduce and possessed intermediate λmax, λem, and quantum yields. The complexes studied also exhibited large Stokes shifts (82–152 nm, 2143–5483 cm−1). Finally, the utility of complex 7 c (Ar=p‐anisole, R=cyano), which can be prepared for just a few dollars per gram, for fluorescence cell imaging was demonstrated. The use of 7 c and 4′,6‐diamino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) allowed for simultaneous imaging of the cytoplasm and nucleus of mouse fibroblast cells.
Electronic Structure Insights into the Solvation of Magnesium Ions with Cyclic and Acyclic Carbonates
Authors: Shakourian‐Fard Mehdi , Kamath Ganesh , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA computational framework to rank the solvation behavior of Mg2+in carbonates by using molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory is reported. Based on the binding energies and enthalpies of solvation calculated at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory and the free energies of solvation from ABF‐MD simulations, we find that ethylene carbonate (EC) and the ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate (EC:PC) binary mixture are the best carbonate solvents for interacting with Mg2+. Natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses support the thermochemistry calculations with the highest values of charge transfer, perturbative stabilization energies, electron densities, and Wiberg bond indices being observed in the Mg2+(EC) and Mg2+(EC:PC) complexes. The plots of the noncovalent interactions indicate that those responsible for the formation of Mg2+carbonate complexes are strong‐to‐weak attractive interactions, depending on the regions that are interacting. Finally, density of state calculations indicate that the interactions between Mg2+and the carbonate solvents affects the HOMO and LUMO states of all carbonate solvents and moves them to more negative energy values.
A DFT Study of the Reactivity of Anatase TiO2 and Tetragonal ZrO2 Stepped Surfaces Compared to the Regular (101) Terraces
Authors: Tosoni Sergio , Chen Hsin‐Yi Tiffany , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt is generally assumed that low‐coordinated sites at extended defects of oxide surfaces like steps or edges are more reactive than the regular, fully coordinated sites at the flat terraces. In this work we have considered the properties of stepped surfaces of anatase TiO2 and tetragonal ZrO2 by means of periodic DFT+U calculations. For both oxides, the stability of oxygen vacancies located near the step edges is compared to that of the same defects at the regular terraces. The capability of the steps to induce nucleation of metal nanoparticles on the surface has been evaluated by simulating the adsorption of a single ruthenium adatom. We conclude that, for anatase, step edges have no particular role in favouring the reduction of the oxide by reducing the cost for oxygen abstraction; in the same way, there is no special role of the stepped anatase surface in stabilizing adsorbed Ru atoms. On the contrary, step edges on zirconia display some capability to stabilise oxygen vacancies and ruthenium adatoms.
Mechanism of the Cyclo‐Oligomerisation of C2H2 on Anatase TiO2 (101) and (001) Surfaces and Their Reduction: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yi Tiffany , Livraghi Stefano , Giamello Elio , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDehydroxylated, hydroxylated and hydrated anatase TiO2 samples have been exposed to acetylene at room temperature. The interaction leads to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and is accompanied by the appearance of Ti3+ ions, as shown by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. Fully or partly dehydroxylated samples show higher reactivity, whereas the hydrated samples are chemically inert. The experimental results point towards a crucial role of the more reactive (001) facets of anatase nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations show that acetylene physisorbs on the anatase (101) surface without activation of the C−H bond. The reduced (101) surface (O vacancies) leads to acetylene activation but not to dissociative adsorption. In contrast, the dehydroxylated (001) anatase surface is very active and leads to the spontaneous splitting of the C−H bond with formation of Ti−C2H and OH groups. This is followed by subsequent additions of C2H2 molecules with formation of PAHs. During the dissociation of C2H2, radical species do not form and electrons are not transferred to the surface because direct Ti−C covalent bonds form on the surface. However, the ring closure in the formation of the aromatic compounds leaves behind hydrogen atoms that donate their valence electrons to the oxide. This results in the appearance of EPR‐active Ti3+ centres.