bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral secretions from striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) induce defenses in rice
Authors: Yu Shan , Gong Lei , Han Yang‐Chun , Yang Lei , Li Jing , Hoffmann Ary A. , Luo Guang‐Hua , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Fang Ji‐Chao , Ji Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) is one of the most destructive insect pests on rice. As a chewing insect, SSB larval feeding causes a dramatic increase in rice defense responses. However, the effects of oral secretions (OSs) during SSB feeding on rice defense remain largely unexplored.RESULTSIn this study, based on transcriptome analysis results, treatment with SSB OSs regulated the expression of genes involved in the plant defense‐related pathways of calcium, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid (JA), herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), and protease inhibitors. Unsurprisingly, treatment with SSB OSs elicited the accumulation of JA and JA‐isoleucine in rice. The defense mechanisms activated by the cascade not only induced the expression of trypsin inhibitors, inhibiting the normal growth of SSB larvae but also induced HIPVs emission, rendering rice attractive to a common larval parasitoid. High‐throughput proteome sequencing of SSB OSs led to 534 proteins being identified and 343 proteins with two or more unique peptides being detected.CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrates that SSB OSs trigger both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in rice, akin to the effects of SSB feeding. It identifies specific proteins in SSB OSs that may influence the interactions between SSB and rice during feeding, providing valuable insights for effectors research. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of near‐surface and boundary‐layer meteorological conditions that support cold‐fog formation using Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain field campaign observations
Authors: Beal Rebecca Lynn , Pu Zhaoxia , Pardyjak Eric , Hoch Sebastian , Gultepe Ismail 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCold fog refers to a type of fog that forms when the temperature is below 0°C. It can be composed of liquid, ice, and mixed‐phase fog particles. Cold fog happens frequently over mountainous terrain in the cold season, but it is difficult to predict. Using observations from the Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) field campaign conducted in Heber Valley, Utah, in the western United States during January and February of 2022, this study investigates the meteorological conditions in the surface and boundary layers that support the formation of wintertime ephemeral cold fog in a local area of small‐scale mountain valleys. It is found that fog formation is susceptible to subtleties in forcing conditions and is supported by several factors: (1) established high pressure over the Great Basin with associated local clear skies, calm winds, and a stable boundary layer; (2) near‐surface inversion with saturation near the surface and strong moisture gradient in the boundary layer; (3) warm (above‐freezing) daytime air temperature with a large diurnal range, accompanied with warm soil temperatures during the daytime; (4) a period of increased turbulence kinetic energy (above 0.5 m2·s−2), followed by calm conditions throughout the fog's duration; and (5) supersaturation with respect to ice. Then, the field observations and identified supporting factors for fog formation were utilized to evaluate high‐resolution (˜400 m horizontal grid spacing) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. Results show that the WRF model accurately simulates the mesoscale conditions facilitating cold‐fog formation but misses some critical surface and atmospheric boundary conditions. The overall results from this paper indicate that these identified factors that support fog formation are vital to accurately forecasting cold‐fog events. At the same time, they are also critical fields for the NWP model validation.
Computational Study of Noncovalent Interactions on Addition of Small Molecule Units With Benzenoid Aromatic Rings
Authors: Sharma Rohan , Kashyap Chayanika , Baruah Drishti , Baruah Ilakshi , Sharma Pankaz K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTExperimental and theoretical studies over the recent years have shown that noncovalent interactions play a crucial role in diverse chemical and biological processes. Noncovalent interactions have been recognized as significantly contributing towards stabilizing various supramolecular species. We have attempted to interpret computationally the nature of various noncovalent interactions between the aromatic surfaces of 6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine and biphenyl with polar as well as non‐polar molecules such as H2O, HCl, HF, CO2, and so forth and adding the inter‐aromatic rings π‐stacking, using the r2SCAN‐3c/DEF2‐mTZVPP model chemistry. Energy decomposition analysis with the SAPT method shows that the electrostatics and dispersion components play crucial roles in stabilizing these complexes whereas induction and polarization play minor roles.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen and soil‐test biological activity under grazed pastures and conservation land uses
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoil organic matter is assumed to accumulate with conservation management. On‐farm surveys using paired‐farm and chronosequence approaches could validate assumptions, as well as provide a diversity of soils and management conditions to assess organic matter fractions. The objective of this study was to assess how land use and pasture management affected the gradient of organic matter fractions from active to resistant. Particulate and non‐particulate (also called mineral‐associated) organic C and N fractions were isolated and soil‐test biological activity was measured from 304 profiles at 0‐ to 10‐, 10‐ to 30‐, and 30‐ to 60‐cm depths on 31 private farms in Virginia. Root‐zone enrichment contents of these soil properties were calculated following subtraction of a baseline from total stocks of each soil profile. Land use was a key factor affecting root‐zone enrichment (0‐ to 30‐cm depth) of particulate organic C (Mg C ha−1) (p ≤ 0.05): conventional‐till cropland (6.3) = no‐till cropland (9.2) < grassland (14.2) < woodland (16.7). Root‐zone enrichments of soil C and N fractions increased with pasture age to a plateau achieved by 25 years and were optimized at cattle stocking rate of 1.0 ± 0.2 Mg live weight ha−1. Feeding hay increased root‐zone enrichment of soil‐test biological activity (49 kg CO2‐C 3 day−1 [Mg hay]−1). Although non‐particulate organic C and N dominated, accumulation with time and steady‐state concentration of particulate fractions were vital steps toward greater soil organic matter under conservation management. Root‐zone enrichment calculations from on‐farm sampling were helpful in distinguishing true effects of management from pedogenesis on soil organic matter formation.
Easy Processable Photomechanical Thin Film Involving a Photochromic Diarylethene and a Thermoplastic Elastomer in Supramolecular Interaction
Authors: Arroyo Ismael , Cedeño Rebeca , Nour Eddine Nour , Alcaraz Gilles , Pensec Sandrine , Bouteiller Laurent , Naït‐Abdelaziz Moussa , Barrau Sophie , Tahon Jean‐François , Fournier David , Fadel Alexandre , Takeshita Michinori , Buntinx Guy , Aloïse Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel supramolecular photoactuator in the form of a thin film of centimetric size has been developed as an alternative to traditional liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) involving azobenzene (AZO) units or photochromic microcrystals. This thin film is produced through spin coating without the need for alignment or crosslinking. The photoactuator combines a photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) functionalized with ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) units, and a telechelic thermoplastic elastomer, also functionalized with UPy, allowing quadruple hydrogen bonding between the two components. Upon alternating ultraviolet (UV) and visible light exposure, the film exhibits reversible bending and color changes, studied using displacement and absorption tracking setups. For the first time, the photomechanical effect (PME) is quantitatively correlated with photochromism, showing that DTE units drive the movement under both UV (photocyclization) and visible (photoreversion) light. In situ illumination techniques reveal that the PME arises from photoinduced strain within 160 nm UPy‐bonded DTE domains, which expand and contract by approximately 50% under UV and visible light, respectively. The semicrystalline nature of the elastomer and a robust supramolecular network connecting both components are critical in converting microscopic photostrain into macroscopic actuation.
Novel Discrete and Imprinted Fluoride‐Selective Sensors: Bridging the Gap from DMSO to Aqueous Samples
Authors: Quiñone Delfina , Romano Giammarco M. , Faccio Ricardo , Savastano Matteo , Bianchi Antonio , Bencini Andrea , Brovetto Margarita , Torres Julia , Veiga Nicolás 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFluoride in drinking water has beneficial or harmful health effects depending on its concentration. This highlights the need for new low‐cost and portable sensors capable of in situ monitoring of F− ions. Unfortunately, achieving high levels of water compatibility and fluoride specificity remains a challenge. Here, four new urea‐based discrete sensors are prepared and characterized. The sensors containing anthracenyl‐ (5) and 9H‐fluorenyl‐ (7) signaling units exhibit intense luminescent emissions in dimethyl sulfoxide, the former being particularly sensitive and selective to fluoride. In water, 5 displays a superior sensitivity (871 M−1) and a detection limit (8 µm) below international guidelines, albeit with cross‐sensitivity to H2PO4‾. To enhance the performance, 5 and 7 are embedded into a fluoride‐imprinted polymeric matrix to give solid‐state sensors (5P and 7P, respectively). 5P shows good sensitivity (360 M−1) and specificity in water. Besides, it has a low detection limit (35 µm) and a response linear range (118–6300 µm) encompassing the limit established by the Environmental Protection Agency (211 µm). Furthermore, 5P also displays good reusability and adequate recovery values in real‐sample testing (102 ± 2%), constituting the first example of a low‐cost anion‐imprinted polymeric probe tailored for the selective sensing of fluoride in aqueous samples.
Accelerating the Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics with a Pulsed Laser–Synthesized Platinum Nanocluster–Decorated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Maheskumar Velusamy , Min Ahreum , Kumar Anuj , Senthil Raja Arumugam , Moon Cheol Joo , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEfficient and durable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater environments are essential for sustainable hydrogen production. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is synthesized through pulsed laser ablation in liquid, followed by pyrolysis, producing N‐doped porous carbon (NC). NC matrix serves as a self‐template, enabling Pt nanocluster decoration (NC‐Pt) via pulsed laser irradiation in liquid. NC‐Pt exhibits a large surface area, porous structure, high conductivity, N‐rich carbon, abundant active sites, low Pt content, and a strong NC‐Pt interaction. These properties enhance efficient mass transport during the HER. Remarkably, the optimized NC‐Pt‐4 catalyst achieves low HER overpotentials of 52, 57, and 53 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline, alkaline seawater, and simulated seawater, surpassing commercial Pt/C catalysts. In a two‐electrode system with NC‐Pt‐4(−)ǀǀIrO2(+) as cathode and anode, it demonstrates excellent direct seawater electrolysis performance, with a low cell voltage of 1.63 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability. This study presents a rapid and efficient method for fabricating cost‐effective and highly effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in alkaline and alkaline seawater environments.
The Evolution of Microfluidic‐Based Drug‐Loading Techniques for Cells and Their Derivatives
Authors: Tong Siyu , Niu Jiaqi , Wang Zhitao , Jiao Yingao , Fu Yanfei , Li Dongxia , Pan Xinni , Sheng Nengquan , Yan Li , Min Peiru , Chen Di , Cui Shengsheng , Liu Yanlei , Lin Shujing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConventional drug delivery techniques face challenges related to targeting and adverse reactions. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in nanoparticle‐based drug carriers. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding their safety and insufficient metabolism. Employing cells and their derivatives, such as cell membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs), as drug carriers effectively addresses the challenges associated with nanoparticle carriers. However, an essential hurdle remains in efficiently loading drugs into these carriers. With the advancement of microfluidic technology and its advantages in precise manipulation at the micro‐ and nanoscales, as well as minimal sample loss, it has found extensive application in the loading of drugs using cells and their derivatives, thereby fostering the development of drug‐loading techniques. This paper outlines the characteristics and benefits of utilizing cells and their derivatives as drug carriers and provides an overview of current drug‐loading techniques, particularly those rooted in microfluidic technology. The significant potential for microfluidic technology in targeted disease therapy through drug delivery systems employing cells and their derivatives, is foreseen.
Carbon‐Coated MOF‐Derived Porous SnPS3 Core–Shell Structure as Superior Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yue Ming , Zhong Longsheng , Sheng Yanzhe , He Hongxiao , Xiao Yanhe , Cheng Baochang , Chen Wen , Lei Shuijin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal thiophosphites have recently emerged as a hot electrode material system for sodium‐ion batteries because of their large theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics and drastic volume expansion induced by the low conductivity and inherent conversion‐alloying reaction mechanism, require urgent resolution. Herein, a distinctive porous core–shell structure, denoted as SnPS3@C, is controllably synthesized by synchronously phosphor‐sulfurizing resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐coated tin metal–organic framework cubes. Thanks to the 3D porous structure, the ion diffusion kinetics are accelerated. In addition, SnPS3@C features a tough protective carbon layer, which improves the electrochemical activity and reduces the polarization. As expected, the as‐prepared SnPS3@C electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared to pure SnPS3, including excellent rate capability (1342.4 and 731.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 4 A g−1, respectively), and impressive long‐term cycling stability (97.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1). Moreover, the sodium storage mechanism is thoroughly studied by in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations. This work offers an innovative approach to enhance the energy storage performance of metal thiophosphite materials through meticulous structural design, including the introduction of porous characteristics and core–shell structures.
Machine learning assisted prediction of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube‐incorporated concrete
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Amjad Hassan , Khan Shayan , Ali Shehroze 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in concrete can improve the physical, mechanical, and durability properties. However, the interaction of CNTs with concrete and their effect on the mechanical properties remains a challenging issue. Also, the determination of mechanical properties through experimental testing is time‐consuming, laborious, and uneconomical. This study focuses on the development of machine learning (ML) models for the prediction of the mechanical properties of concrete. A comprehensive data set of 758 CNT‐modified concrete specimens was established for the compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values from the experimental studies in the literature. Afterward, the predictive models were developed using multilinear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), ensemble methods (EN), regression tree (RT), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). It was found that among ML models, the GPR model predicted the CS, STS, and FS at the highest efficiency with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.83, 0.78, and 0.93, respectively while the performance of the SVM model was superior for predicting MOE with an R2 value of 0.91. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the GPR model for CS, STS, FS, and MOE were 2.92, 0.26, 0.35, and 1.31, respectively which were also lesser than other models. The training time of different models demonstrated that the GPR model has also a lower training time (~3 s) as compared to other models which indicates it has a high accuracy‐to‐time cost ratio. Further, the most influential parameters on CS were age, cement, water–cement ratio, and carbon nanotubes. The one‐way partial dependence analysis showed a direct correlation for age and cement but an inverse correlation for the water–cement ratio and fine aggregate. The graphical user interface provides the implication of the developed models for practical applications.
Integrin αV Inhibition by GMI, a Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein, Abolish Stemness and Migration in EGFR‐Mutated Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to Osimertinib
Authors: Kang Yu‐Ting , Chang Hui‐Yi , Hsieh Ya‐Chu , Chou Chia‐Hsuan , Hsin I‐Lun , Ko Jiunn‐Liang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntegrins, the receptors of the extracellular matrix, are critical in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, possesses anticancer and antivirus abilities. The object of this study is to investigate the role of GMI in the integrins signaling pathway in lung cancer cells that harbor the EGFR L858R/T790M double mutation and osimertinib‐resistance. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and western blot assay were used to investigate the effect of GMI on inhibiting the protein expressions of integrins in H1975 cells. The migration ability and xenograft tumor growth of H1975 were suppressed by GMI. To elucidate the role of the integrin family in lung cancer resistant to osimertinib (AZD‐9291, Tagrisso), H1975 cells were used to establish the osimertinib‐resistant cells, named H1975/TR cells. The expressions of Integrin αV and stemness markers were much higher in H1975/TR cells than in H1975 cells. GMI suppressed cell viability, tumor spheroid growth, and the expressions of integrin αV and β1 in H1975/TR cells. Furthermore, GMI suppressed the expressions of stemness markers and formation of tumor spheres via blocking integrin αV signaling cascade. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of GMI in constraining cancer stem cells and migration by abolishing the integrin αV‐related signaling pathway in EGFR‐mutated and osimertinib‐resistant lung cancer cells.
Cultivating Cross‐Cultural Connections through Language Learning Circles in Early Childhood Programs
Authors: Hernandez Joy , Gupta Abha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpanish is the second most common language among US children aged 5–17, with 26.8% speaking it at home. To foster cultural understanding and promote positive relationships, it's crucial to introduce young children to different languages and cultures. Preschool language education can cultivate respect and empathy, building more inclusive communities. Culturally responsive education equips children with skills to value diversity, creating a harmonious cultural climate. This article highlights the importance of learning another language (e.g., Spanish) and introduces Language Learning Circles (LCC) for preschoolers. Research indicates ages 3–6 are optimal for language acquisition, emphasizing the need for early exposure to enhance learning, and cultural appreciation.
A supersymmetric SYK model with a curious low energy behavior
Authors: Biggs Anna , Maldacena Juan , Narovlansky Vladimir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, 4 supersymmetric SYK models that have a peculiar low energy behavior, with the entropy going like S = S0 + (constant)Ta, where a ≠ 1. The large N equations for these models are a generalization of equations that have been previously studied as an unjustified truncation of the planar diagrams describing the BFSS matrix quantum mechanics or other related matrix models. Here we reanalyze these equations in order to better understand the low energy physics of these models. We find that the scalar fields develop large expectation values which explore the low energy valleys in the potential. The low energy physics is dominated by quadratic fluctuations around these values. These models were previously conjectured to have a spin glass phase. We did not find any evidence for this phase by using the usual diagnostics, such as searching for replica symmetry breaking solutions.
Local connectivity of boundaries of tame Fatou components of meromorphic functions
Authors: Barański Krzysztof , Fagella Núria , Jarque Xavier , Karpińska Bogusława 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We prove the local connectivity of the boundaries of invariant simply connected attracting basins for a class of transcendental meromorphic maps. The maps within this class need not be geometrically finite or in class

$${\mathcal {B}}$$

B

, and the boundaries of the basins (possibly unbounded) are allowed to contain an infinite number of post-singular values, as well as the essential singularity at infinity. A basic assumption is that the unbounded parts of the basins are contained in regions which we call ‘repelling petals at infinity’, where the map exhibits a kind of ‘parabolic’ behaviour. In particular, our results apply to a wide class of Newton’s methods for transcendental entire maps. As an application, we prove the local connectivity of the Julia set of Newton’s method for

$$\sin z$$

sin
z

, providing the first non-trivial example of a locally connected Julia set of a transcendental map outside class

$${\mathcal {B}}$$

B

, with an infinite number of unbounded Fatou components.
The effect of nightly use of 150 mg cannabidiol on daytime neurocognitive performance in primary insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Narayan Andrea J. , Hayley Amie C. , Rose Sarah , Di Natale Lauren , Downey Luke A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used as a sleep aid for insomnia; yet neurocognitive and subjective state effects following daily therapeutic use are unclear.

Objectives
To measure the effect of daily CBD use on neurocognitive performance and daily subjective mood in a population with primary insomnia.

Methods
This study used a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design incorporating a single-blind placebo run-in week followed by a two-week double-blind dosing period, during which participants consumed 150 mg CBD (N = 15) or placebo (N = 15) sublingually 60-minutes daily before bed. Attention, executive function, reasoning, information processing, working and episodic memory were assessed using the CogPro system at the beginning of the placebo run-in, after 1-week and 2-weeks of dosing. Subjective states using visual analogue scales and side effects were recorded daily.

Results
Cognitive performance was unaffected by nightly CBD supplementation (all p > 0.05). From baseline to trial conclusion, those receiving CBD reported greater experience of calmness, clear-headedness, coordination and were more likely to report side-effects of dry mouth relative to placebo (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Relative to placebo, daytime cognitive functioning following nightly supplementation as a therapeutic aid for primary insomnia was preserved under trial conditions. Results suggested an overall favourable safety profile, with larger controlled trials and thorough analyses of varying insomnia phenotypes necessary to corroborate these findings.