bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Mixed Martial Arts Spectators’ Motives and their Sports Media Consumption in Poland
Authors: Zembura Paweł , Żyśko Jolanta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The study attempted to analyse the concept of spectators’ motives at mixed martial arts (MMA) events in Poland. In addition, we investigated the relation between motives and sports media consumption. The sample consisted of 273 people attending three similar, regional MMA events. Exploratory factor analysis was used to refine the structure of motives. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a reasonable fit of the obtained model (RMSEA = 0.41). Using ANOVA we found three significant differences in assessment of motives, based on gender. The factor of aesthetics and knowledge was ranked the highest for men and women. Men rated drama and violence, while women perceived socializing and crowd experience, and drama, as the following factors. Path analysis indicated that these motives explained 56% of variance in media consumption for men and 57% for women. The findings showed that the motive of vicarious achievement was the main predictor of media consumption for men, while aesthetics and knowledge were the key predictors for women. The results and ideas for further research are discussed.
Parametric Study of Pulsed CO2 Laser Surface Treatment of Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Bharatish A. , Murthy H. N. Narasimha , Radder Ajithkumar , Mamatha V. , Anand B. , Satyanarayana B. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on investigating the influence of laser power, pulse frequency and scanning speed on material removal rate and surface roughness during CO2 laser surface treatment of alumina ceramics. Pulse frequency and laser power were the significant factors influencing the material removal rate and surface roughness, respectively. Adequate response surface models were established to correlate the laser parameters and the measured responses. Grey relational analysis predicted the optimal responses at 90 W laser power, 5 kHz pulse frequency and 400 mm/s scanning speed. Desirability function based Multi objective optimization results indicated that minimum material removal rate (0.5117 mm3/s) and surface roughness (0.5968 µm) are achieved at 90 W laser power, 5 kHz pulse frequency and 337.37 mm/s scanning speed which were in close agreement with Grey Relational results. Increase in homogeneity and smoothness of the laser treated alumina surface along with formation of micro recast particles away from the laser traverse path were evidenced by the SEM micrographs.
A finite mixture latent trajectory model for modeling ultrarunners’ behavior in a 24-hour race
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Murphy Thomas Brendan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA finite mixture latent trajectory model is developed to study the performance and strategy of runners in a 24-h long ultra running race. The model facilitates clustering of runners based on their speed and propensity to rest and thus reveals the strategies used in the race. Inference for the adopted latent trajectory model is achieved using an expectation-maximization algorithm. Fitting the model to data from the 2013 World Championships reveals three clearly separated clusters of runners who exhibit different strategies throughout the race. The strategies show that runners can be grouped in terms of their average moving speed and their propensity to rest during the race. The effect of age and gender on the probability of belonging to each cluster is also investigated.
Stress Analysis of Lap Joints With Embedded Cover Plate
Authors: İşcan Bahattin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this study, the effects of the bonding joints that are partly embedded in the adherent on the tensile behaviour of reinforcing plate adhesive joint have been investigated by 2D finite element method. In the study, the SBT 9244 material was used as the adhesive, and the adherent was the AA2024-T3 material. Three different models were built for the height of the embedded part in the adherent (a) and five models for the length of the embedded part (b), while three models were built for the total overlap length (c). Results showed that with the increase of the height of the embedded part and total overlap length, the strength of the joint was considerably increased. The increase of the length of the embedded part was initially led to an increase in the strength of the joints but after 0.25 value of the b/c the strength was reduced.
Trade, Development and Child Labor: Regulation and Law in the Case of Child Labor in the Cocoa Industry
Authors: Bertrand William , de Buhr Elke 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVoluntary private sector agreements are common as a tool to regulate industries including the enforcement of labor laws in domestic and overseas markets. Agreements cover many different industries, and they differ greatly in scope, implementation and monitoring. Challenging to enforce, they have often been criticized by consumer groups and have sometimes failed. This article examines one of the oldest and most prominent examples of a voluntary industry agreement in agriculture, the Harkin-Engel Protocol targeted at addressing the worst forms of child labor in the cocoa sectors of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. In 2006, the authors of this paper were first tasked by the U.S. Department of Labor to oversee the implementation of the Harkin-Engel Protocol on behalf of the U.S. Congress. They have since documented the Protocol’s implementation for more than eight years. This paper discusses the authors’ experience with private sector voluntary agreements for achieving social change in developing countries at the example of the Protocol. Special issues around the role of regulation and law within this process are our focus in this article.
Research Engagement in the EFL Pre-Service Practicum
Authors: Akyel Ayşe 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The study aims to add to our understanding of pre-service teachers’ perceptions and experiences of research engagement during the school practicum. Specifically speaking, the following research question was addressed: What are Turkish pre-service EFL student teachers’ perceptions of the extent to which research engagement in the school practicum is beneficial for their professional development? Twenty-Four EFL student teachers (22 female, 2 male) participated in the study. They all took the practicum course together with the teacher research course during the 8th semester of their four-year undergrad education. Data came from an open-ended questionnaire, student teachers’ written reflections, conclusion sections of the research projects and semi-structured interviews with some of the participants after graduation. The findings indicated that participants benefited from research engagement during their practice teaching experience in questioning and reframing their understandings of teaching. However, they had some difficulties in research engagement during the school practicum. These findings have some crucial implications for the school practicum component of EFL teacher education programs. There is a common agreement that the pre-service teacher education programs are ideally responsible for laying the foundation for “contextualized” and “personalized” (Freeman & Johnson,1998) learning opportunities and preparing novices “to learn in and from their practice”(Feiman-Nemser, 2005). To this end, teacher candidates need support in using their own teaching practice as well as that of others (Kane and Francis, 2013) as a site of inquiry to examine and or reframe their understandings of teaching and students. (Ball and Cohen, 1999; Cochran and Smith and Lytle, 2009; Norman and Feiman-Nemser, 2005; Parr and Timperley 2010, Trent 2012). However, it is generally accepted that opportunities for such a process are not efficiently created by pre-service teacher education programs (Freeman&Johnson 1998, Feiman- Nemser 2009; Kane and Francis, 2013)
The Contribution of Portfolios to Professional Development in TESOL: An Investigation into Teachers’ Beliefs and Attitudes
Authors: Xerri Daniel , Campbell Caroline 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article explores teachers’ beliefs and attitudes in relation to the implementation of portfolios and their contribution to professional development in Malta. Based on the results of a mixed methods study, the article demonstrates that in order for the implementation of a portfolio system to cultivate professional development teachers’ beliefs and attitudes need to be adequately examined. Through an investigation of such beliefs and attitudes, this study highlighted a number of issues that need to be considered in order to maximize the benefits of portfolios. Such research is necessary because it provides an opportunity to foreground teacher agency with respect to effective portfolio implementation and use.
Toward completely automated vowel extraction: Introducing DARLA
Authors: Reddy Sravana , Stanford James N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAutomatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is reaching further and further into everyday life with Apple’s Siri, Google voice search, automated telephone information systems, dictation devices, closed captioning, and other applications. Along with such advances in speech technology, sociolinguists have been considering new methods for alignment and vowel formant extraction, including techniques like the Penn Aligner (Yuan and Liberman 2008) and the FAVE automated vowel extraction program (Evanini et al. 2009; Rosenfelder et al. 2011). With humans transcribing audio recordings into sentences, these semi-automated methods can produce effective vowel formant measurements (Labov et al. 2013). But as the quality of ASR improves, sociolinguistics may be on the brink of another transformative technology: large-scale, completely automated vowel extraction without any need for human transcription. It would then be possible to quickly extract vowels from virtually limitless hours of recordings, such as YouTube, publicly available audio/video archives, and large-scale personal interviews or streaming video. How far away is this transformative moment? In this article, we introduce a fully automated program called DARLA (short for “Dartmouth Linguistic Automation,”http://darla.dartmouth.edu), which automatically generates transcriptions with ASR and extracts vowels using FAVE. Users simply upload an audio recording of speech, and DARLA produces vowel plots, a table of vowel formants, and probabilities of the phonetic environments for each token. In this paper, we describe DARLA and explore its sociolinguistic applications. We test the system on a dataset of the US Southern Shift and compare the results with semi-automated methods.
Generating Stationary Gaussian Processes Using The Spectral Representation Theorem
Authors: Majercsik Luciana , Simulescu Ion 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the Spectral Representation Theorem of a stationary process and two simulation methods derived from it. In order to test the accuracy of the two simulation methods two numerical applications are employed. First, using a theoretical power spectral density (PSD), two sets of sample functions, corresponding to each method, are generated and a comparison of the obtained numerical results with the analytical PSD is carried out. The second example is more complex and consists in using the stationary zone of the strong motion of the recorded NS acceleration registered at INCERC during the 1977 Vrancea earthquake. The corresponding Fourier Spectrum is calculated. In order to obtain a smoother PSD representation for the real Fourier spectrum, a specific barrier model spectrum (SBM) is fitted to it and the corresponding PSD calculated. This PSD is used to generate two sets of samples. The mean PSD obtained using both methods of simulation is compared with that characterizing the registered acceleration. The paper shows that the generated time series possess all the theoretical probabilistic characteristics discussed below, when the number of terms used in the simulation formulas is large. Three types of estimators are employed in the numerical evaluation of both simulation methods
Grain growth kinetics for B2O3-doped ZnO ceramics
Authors: Yuksel Berat , Ozkan T. Osman 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Grain growth kinetics in 0.1 to 2 mol % B2O3-added ZnO ceramics was studied by using a simplified phenomenological grain growth kinetics equation Gn = K0 · t · exp(-Q/RT) together with the physical properties of sintered samples. The samples, prepared by conventional ceramics processing techniques, were sintered at temperatures between 1050 to 1250 °C for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 hours in air. The kinetic grain growth exponent value (n) and the activation energy for the grain growth of the 0.1 mol % B2O3-doped ZnO ceramics were found to be 2.8 and 332 kJ/mol, respectively. By increasing B2O3 content to 1 mol %, the grain growth exponent value (n) and the activation energy decreased to 2 and 238 kJ/mol, respectively. The XRD study revealed the presence of a second phase, Zn3B2O6 formed when the B2O3 content was > 1 mol %. The formation of Zn3B2O6 phase gave rise to an increase of the grain growth kinetic exponent and the grain growth activation energy. The kinetic grain growth exponent value (n) and the activation energy for the grain growth of the 2 mol % B2O3-doped ZnO ceramics were found to be 3 and 307 kJ/mol, respectively. This can be attributed to the second particle drag (pinning) mechanism in the liquid phase sintering.
Catalyst free growth of single-crystalline bismuth nanorods by closed space sublimation technique
Authors: Usman Wajeeha , Maqsood Asghari 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the present study, bismuth (Bi) thin films having thickness of 335 nm have been deposited onto a glass substrate by closed space sublimation (CSS) technique. Besides this, spontaneous growth of Bi nanorods has also been investigated for the first time, without template and catalyst assistance in a substrate temperature range of 380 to 430 °C using CSS technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate microstructure, morphology and roughness of the Bi nanorods. The diameter and length ranges of Bi nanorods were 80 to 400 nm and 3 to 5 μm, respectively. Moreover, they exhibited a rhombohedral structure with a dominant peak indexed at (012), (104), and (110). The mass percentage of Bi, determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), was 99.93 %. The studies of electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient, magnetoresistivity, hole mobility and carrier concentration of Bi thin films were performed at 300 to 350 K and the electrical properties were found to be a function of temperature. The basic aim was to investigate the spectacular evolution of Bi nanostructures on as-deposited thin films and effects of thickness on their structural, electrical and dielectric properties. Detailed examination of SEM micrographs eliminated all other growth modes except self-catalytic tip growth by Vapor-Solid (VS) growth process which is believed to provide the driving force for spontaneous nanorod growth at high substrate temperature. Deposition of thinner Bi films provided a new possibility for fabrication of Bi nanorods of high quality.
Different Approaches in Uncertainty Evaluation for Measurement of Complex Surfaces Using Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Vrba Igor , Palencar Rudolf , Hadzistevic Miodrag , Strbac Branko , Spasic-Jokic Vesna , Hodolic Janko 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a methodology for uncertainty assessment for Coordinate Measuring Machine measurement of complex real work pieces from industry. The study applied two approaches (in scanning mode only) for estimating the measurement uncertainty with the support of Taguchi plan in the experiment containing five factors: scanning speed, sample density, probe configuration, scanning direction, and position of measuring object. In the first approach the uncertainty was estimated by measuring the basic geometric objects (primitives like sphere and torus) representing the decomposition of complex surfaces and in the second one a complex surface was treated as an unknown quantity. Calculated uncertainty Type A for both measurement tasks was in the range from 0.65 μm to 6.47 μm. Evaluation of the uncertainty Type B covered specifications of the machine and standard uncertainties derived from temperature effects. Total uB
component was found to be in order of 0.4 μm. Future research will be directed towards the development and application of simulation methods
Contribution to the bryoflora of Australia, V. Colura streimannii sp. nov. from Queensland
Authors: Pócs Tamás 
Published: July 2015

Abstract A new species of Colura (Dumort.) Dumort., was collected in the Cape Tribulation area of Queensland, in the mangrove forests of Daintree National Park. It is a member of subgenus Colura, section Harmophyllum Grolle, and differs from the superficially similar Colura pulcherrima Ast and C. queenslandica B. M. Thiers (both belong to another subgenus or section) by its easily detachable valve or by its acutely papillose lobule surface. Cheilolejeunea occlusa (Herz.) Kodama & Kitagawa occurs in the same habitat. This is a new record for Australia.
The comparison of the scope of the content and classification methods on topographical maps of Polish territory annexed by Russia issued at the turn of 19th and 20th century
Authors: Panecki Tomasz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of the article was a comparison of the content’s scope, classification and presentation methods on topographical maps issued at the turn of 19th and 20th century covering the territory of former Russian partition. Three of such maps were chosen for the analysis, namely: Russian (scale 1:84,000), Austrian (scale 1:75,000) and German (scale 1:100,000). As a starting point of the study served an attempt at reconstruction of map legends, as, a coherent symbology key (i.e. map legend) can be found neither for Russian nor German map. It was conducted by employing the symbology keys prepared in the Interwar Period, as for the Russian map there was no legend enclosed, while in the case of German the legend enclosed featured only the road network. Apart from the legends, an analysis of the map sheets covering four areas was conducted. Those areas were, as follow: Brest, Dęblin, Pinsk and Pułtusk vicinites. The next stage was to elaborate a legend comparison with summary in the form of a table for particular thematic layers: settlement and built-up area, transport network, sacral buildings facilities and other buildings, land cover, hydrography, relief, and borders. An assumption was made that despite the apparent similarity of the scales (1:75,000, 1:84,000, 1:100,000) and source materials the maps analysed are distinct in terms of presentation of the geohistorical landscape. The settlements on the Russian map were illustrated in a schematic manner, while the other maps approached the subject more meticulously. The discrepancies involve also such areas as: road network, land cover, and waters, which were categorised along different sets of criterion. It happened that some categories present on the Russian map were absent from the Austrian and German. It involved such objects as: fascine roads, wooden churches or radiostations. Those differences stem from not only the “military mode” of elaboration of the German and Austrian map, but also conscious interference in the scope of content and classification methods.
Modern Procedures Used in Cleaning Old, Illegibly and Blackened Icons
Authors: Pruteanu Silvea , Sandu Ion , Vasilache Viorica 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In order to restore the original aesthetic aspect, to improve the state of the age patina and of the gold halo, similar processes are required. The cleaning process is one of the most important aspects for an artwork and is considering a series of deteriorations and degradations, like dirt deposits (clogged or unclogged) opalescent varnish, colors blackening, burns, blisters, gaps (missing ground, painting layer or varnish). This step in the restoration process includes physical and mechanical proceedings like dusting (with a vacuum), brushing (with a brush), scraping (with a scalpel), removal or polishing etc. The scalpel and the milling process are rough unconventional means that are used only in exceptional cases. The wet cleaning of dirt includes classic washing processes, with water or other complex systems of organic solvents (emollients, surface additives or surfactants, mixtures of solvents). Cleaning the clogged dirt deposits with unconventional methods can be done by means of electronic laser, ion and thermal exchange or ultrasounds. Laser cleaning is often used in removing unwanted dirt deposits from different layers of the art piece. A lot of attention goes towards the controlled elimination of the exterior protection layer (varnish), which can be photo- degraded and oxidized by atmospheric exposure. Visual analysis, with enlargers (OM, SEM, AFM etc.) combined with transmission or penetration techniques (radiography, endoscopy, X-ray diffraction etc.) provides information on the superficial structures of the art work. In order to determine the modifications of the desiccant oils, SEM was used to observed the changes in the morphology of the oil painting layers. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) can be used to detrmine detergent residues on the painting layer.
Index Bioclimatic "Wind-Chill"
Authors: Teodoreanu Elena 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an important bioclimatic index which shows the influence of wind on the human body thermoregulation. When the air temperature is high, the wind increases thermal comfort. But more important for the body is the wind when the air temperature is low. When the air temperature is lower and wind speed higher, the human body is threatening to freeze faster. Cold wind index is used in Canada, USA, Russia (temperature "equivalent" to the facial skin) etc., in the weather forecast every day in the cold season. The index can be used and for bioclimatic regionalization, in the form of skin temperature index.
An Uncommon Course Of Acute Appendicitis With Sepsis – A Case Report
Authors: Żyluk Andrzej , Jagielski Wojciech 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAuthors report a case of 54-years-old patient, who presented to the hospital due to three-day history of weakness, abdominal pain and diarrhea. His general shape was severe, abdomen was tender at palpation in hypogastrium, peritoneal signs were positive, and blood tests showed highly elevated markers of inflammation, including procalcitonin, what suggested the sepsis. Despite unclear clinical picture, the presence sepsis was an argument to give the patient surgery. Intraoperatively, perforated appendix was found, being in mass with the omentum and small bowel. An appendectomy was performed. Postoperative course was complicated by the wound infection, but recovery progressed quickly and patient was dismissed at 5 days after operation.In the discussion the authors referred to the similar cases reported in the literature, concluding that acute appendicitis can be a life threating event for – to date – healthy adult person. Although a tendency to treat conservatively an uncomplicated acute appendicitis and to delay operations is supported by scientific evidence, the cases may occur in which only prompt surgical intervention protects the patient from serious complications.