bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four dense assemblages of the bulb-tentacle sea anemoneEntacmaea quadricolorand associated clownfish in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Ka-Man , Xie James Y. , Sun Yanan , Kei Keith , Qiu Jian-Wen 
Published: August 2014

Clownfish and their associated sea anemones are icons of tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystems, but bleaching and collecting for the aquarium trade has reduced their population densities in several Indo-Pacific locations. We surveyed fourEntacmaea quadricolorpopulations and their associated clownfishAmphiprion clarkiiin Hong Kong. These assemblages represented a combination of exposed and sheltered, flat bottomed and sloped conditions. Different from tropical areas, whereE. quadricoloris usually found in sheltered shallow waters, the four populations in Hong Kong were distributed in 4–10 m depths, being densest on a 40 × 80 m slope of volcanic rocks (34.2–76.6% substrate cover and 48.7–102.1 ind m−2) at an exposed site. This distribution pattern could be explained by the high turbidities associated with river discharge and sedimentation rates in local waters, which discourage the establishment of E. quadricolor populations in sheltered bays; shallow habitats might not be suitable forE. quadricolorin Hong Kong due to strong wave actions generated by typhoons.Amphiprion clarkiiwas present at low densities (0.07–0.26 fish m−2) across the sites. Our data provide a baseline for monitoring the changes of these conspicuous members of shallow water communities in Hong Kong.
Distribution, hatch-date, growth, and mortality of larval
Benthosema pterotum (Pisces: Myctophidae) in the shelf
region of the East China Sea
Authors: Sassa Chiyuki , Takahashi Motomitsu , Tsukamoto Youichi 
Published: August 2014

We examined the distribution, hatch-date, growth, and mortality of larval
Benthosema pterotum, a dominant pseudoceanic myctophid
in the shelf region of the East China Sea, during early autumn when the main
spawning has been predicted. This species is a key species in the food web
of this area. Larvae were abundant in the area south of Cheju Island
(60–80 m depth), corresponding with the adult habitat. Occurrence of the
larvae was restricted to the onshore side of the shelf-break salinity front,
indicating that this front acted as a barrier restricting the offshore
dispersion of the larvae. In the area where the larvae occurred, a cyclonic
eddy is formed, which is considered to limit the dispersal of the larvae,
enabling them to recruit into the area of adult habitat. Modes of hatch-date
appeared from late August to early September and from mid to late September,
suggesting that large-scale spawning events occurred at least twice during
the spawning season. Since the modes coincided with the new moon period,
B. pterotum is suggested to spawn periodically once a
month around the new moon, resulting in efficient mating and fertilization.
Mean absolute growth rate (0.26 mm d−1) and weight-specific
growth rate (18.8% of dry body weight d−1) were higher than
previously reported values of other subtropical–tropical myctophids, which
would be related to the high food availability in the study area. Daily
instantaneous mortality coefficient during the first two weeks after
hatching was estimated to be 0.28 d−1 (equivalent to 24.7%
mortality d−1).
Monkish Politics in Southeast Asia: Religious disenfranchisement in comparative and theoretical perspective
Authors: LARSSON TOMAS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the Theravāda Buddhist polities on the mainland of Southeast Asia, abiding concerns about the proper structuring of the relationship between the ‘two wheels ofdhamma’ (i.e. the realm of religion and the realm of politics) have had a profound influence on processes of state formation and political legitimation. This article explores one such religious ‘effect’ on the constitutions and electoral laws of modern Burma/Myanmar, Siam/Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos, namely the official disenfranchisement of Buddhist monks (and, in some instances, Buddhist ‘nuns’ as well as non-Buddhist clergy). The article traces the historical evolution of this Buddhist exception to the democratic principle of equal and universal suffrage, and assesses the extent to which dominant theoretical approaches in the social sciences help us to understand the politics of religious disenfranchisement in Southeast Asia. It finds that neither secularization theory nor the religious-economy approach can explain observed patterns. Instead, the article offers an account of the politics of religious disenfranchisement that emphasizes the role of ideas and historical context.
Mitochondrial respiration and genomic analysis provide insight into the influence of the symbiotic bacterium on host trypanosomatid oxygen consumption
Authors: AZEVEDO-MARTINS A. C. , MACHADO A. C. L. , KLEIN C. C. , CIAPINA L. , GONZAGA L. , VASCONCELOS A. T. R. , SAGOT M. F. , DE SOUZA W. , EINICKER-LAMAS M. , GALINA A. , MOTTA M. C. M. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYCertain trypanosomatids co-evolve with an endosymbiotic bacterium in a mutualistic relationship that is characterized by intense metabolic exchanges. Symbionts were able to respire for up to 4 h after isolation fromAngomonas deanei. FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) similarly increased respiration in wild-type and aposymbiotic protozoa, though a higher maximal O2consumption capacity was observed in the symbiont-containing cells. Rotenone, a complex I inhibitor, did not affectA. deaneirespiration, whereas TTFA (thenoyltrifluoroacetone), a complex II activity inhibitor, completely blocked respiration in both strains. Antimycin A and cyanide, inhibitors of complexes III and IV, respectively, abolished O2consumption, but the aposymbiotic protozoa were more sensitive to both compounds. Oligomycin did not affect cell respiration, whereas carboxyatractyloside (CAT), an inhibitor of the ADP-ATP translocator, slightly reduced O2consumption. In theA. deaneigenome, sequences encoding most proteins of the respiratory chain are present. The symbiont genome lost part of the electron transport system (ETS), but complex I, a cytochrome d oxidase, and FoF1-ATP synthase remain. In conclusion, this work suggests that the symbiont influences the mitochondrial respiration of the host protozoan.
Peripheral BDNF: a candidate biomarker of healthy neural activity during learning is disrupted in schizophrenia
Authors: Skilleter A. J. , Weickert C. S. , Vercammen A. , Lenroot R. , Weickert T. W. 
Published: August 2014

Background.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulator of synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity underlying learning. However, a relationship between circulating BDNF levels and brain activity during learning has not been demonstrated in humans. Reduced brain BDNF levels are found in schizophrenia and functional neuroimaging studies of probabilistic association learning in schizophrenia have demonstrated reduced activity in a neural network that includes the prefrontal and parietal cortices and the caudate nucleus. We predicted that brain activity would correlate positively with peripheral BDNF levels during probabilistic association learning in healthy adults and that this relationship would be altered in schizophrenia.Method.Twenty-five healthy adults and 17 people with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder performed a probabilistic association learning test during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Plasma BDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results.We found a positive correlation between circulating plasma BDNF levels and brain activity in the parietal cortex in healthy adults. There was no relationship between plasma BDNF levels and task-related activity in the prefrontal, parietal or caudate regions in schizophrenia. A direct comparison of these relationships between groups revealed a significant diagnostic difference.Conclusions.This is the first study to show a relationship between peripheral BDNF levels and cortical activity during learning, suggesting that plasma BDNF levels may reflect learning-related brain activity in healthy humans. The lack of relationship between plasma BDNF and task-related brain activity in patients suggests that circulating blood BDNF may not be indicative of learning-dependent brain activity in schizophrenia.
Why can't we all just get along? Integration needs more than stories
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M. , Stuart Gregory L. , Shorey Ryan C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAs astutely noted by the authors of this provocative article, it is time for evolutionary psychology (EP) to be incorporated into clinical and educational interventions. However, two issues from this article are raised in the current commentary: some historical misconceptions of the evolutionary label and a lack of clear and specific guidelines for developing or improving interventions based on EP.
Let the social sciences evolve
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Waring Timothy M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe agree that evolutionary perspectives may help us organize many divergent realms of the science of human behavior. Nevertheless, an imperative to unite all social science under an evolutionary framework risks turning off researchers who have their own theoretical perspectives that can be informed by evolutionary theory without being exclusively defined by it. We propose a few considerations for scholars interested in joining the evolutionary and social sciences.
The over-determination of selflessness in villains and heroes
Authors: Beit-Hallahmi Benjamin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe suicidality hypothesis could be applied to other situations, such as cases in regular military organizations or in “terrorist” groups, where individuals put themselves in circumstances that are directly suicidal. Self-selection in these cases may be motivated by depression or short-term hopelessness. Both violent and charitable acts are over-determined, and a multiplicity of motives should be considered in explaining them.
Can self-destructive killers be classified so easily?
Authors: Egan Vincent 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLankford makes many useful points regarding the myths and shibboleths underlying our understanding of self-destructive killers and suicide bombers. He has collated an impressive data set on such offenders. However, his classification scheme is not built on sufficient evidence to support his proposed discrete categories of conventional, coerced, escapist, and indirect suicide terrorists. It would be straightforward to analyse the data, but it is unlikely that the resulting model would reflect that anticipated.
Cognitive simplicity and self-deception are crucial in martyrdom and suicide terrorism
Authors: Fink Bernhard , Trivers Robert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSuicide attacks and terrorism are characterized by cognitive simplicity, which is related to self-deception. In justifying violence in pursuit of ideologically and/or politically driven commitment, people with high religious commitment may be particularly prone to mechanisms of self-deception. Related megalomania and glorious self-perception are typical of self-deception, and are thus crucial in the emergence and expression of (suicide) terrorism.
The morality of martyrdom and the stigma of suicide
Authors: Rottman Joshua , Kelemen Deborah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhile primarily identifying similarities between suicide terrorists and other suicidal individuals, Lankford also notes differences in how their actions are morally evaluated. Specifically, “conventional” suicide is stigmatized in a way that suicide terrorism is not. We identify the root of this condemnation, showing that suicide is intuitively considered impure and disgusting, and discuss implications of this purity-based stigma.
Collaborating on evolving the future
Authors: Wilson David Sloan , Hayes Steven C. , Biglan Anthony , Embry Dennis D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe thank the commentators for an extraordinarily diverse and constructive set of comments. Nearly all applaud our goal of sketching a unified science of change, even while raising substantive points that we look forward to addressing in our reply, which we group into the following categories: (1) What counts as evolutionary; (2) Ethical considerations; (3) Complexity; (4) Symbotypes, culture, and the future; (5) What intentional cultural change might look like; (6) An evolving science of cultural change; and (7) Who decides?
Exploring the health and wellbeing benefits of gardening for older adults
Authors: SCOTT THERESA L. , MASSER BARBARA M. , PACHANA NANCY A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTResearch shows that contact with nature plays a vital role in our psychological wellbeing. Domestic gardening is common among older adults who spend more leisure hours gardening than any other age group. Despite this, few studies have systematically explored the significance of domestic gardens in relation to older adults' health and wellbeing. This study examined the perceived therapeutic benefits of gardening, and the effect of ageing in relation to older gardeners' continued participation in gardening, using quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of Australian older adult gardeners (N=331). The quantitative data, which included frequencies, were analysed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 package. The qualitative data, which included participants' responses to open questions, were analysed by deriving themes via Leximancer, an innovative text analytics software that uses word association information to elicit concepts, extracting the most important and grouping these according to themes. In relation to the reasons for gardening, several themes were identified including valuing the aesthetics of gardens, connecting with nature, achievement, and physical and mental activity. The benefits of gardening, and the variety of ways that respondents had adapted or modified their gardening activities in order to continue, are also reported. Gardening was more than a casual leisure pursuit for these participants, who saw it as critical to their physical and psychological wellbeing.
Growing old as a gay man: how life has changed for the gay liberation generation
Authors: LYONS ANTHONY , CROY SAMANTHA , BARRETT CATHERINE , WHYTE CAROLYN 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMen in the gay liberation generation are approaching or entering older age. Being at the forefront of gay rights movements since the 1970s and 1980s, this generation has experienced dramatic changes in gay life. The present study aimed to provide a greater understanding of this generation by examining some of the ways these men perceive their changing lives. Participants included 439 Australian gay-identified men aged 50 years and older who completed an online survey of their health and wellbeing. These men gave unrestricted open-ended responses to a question on how life had changed for them as a gay man since being aged in their twenties. Responses were analysed qualitatively using a thematic analysis approach to identify main themes. Participants expressed many positive changes to their lives, including greater public- and self-acceptance of their sexuality, greater confidence and self-esteem, and more freedom for same-sex relationships. However, some men expressed a loss of gay community compared to their younger years and a perception that the younger generation under-appreciated the struggles they had endured. Age- and HIV-related stigma from within the gay community, as well as a loss of sexual attractiveness, also emerged as concerns for some participants. These findings may assist researchers, health professionals and aged care services to further understand the needs and experiences of this older generation of gay men.
Association of social isolation and health across different racial and ethnic groups of older Americans
Authors: MIYAWAKI CHRISTINA E. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSocial isolation is a social and public health problem that affects people of all ages, especially elders. Previous studies have found that social isolation across numerous industrialised countries is associated with negative health outcomes. However, it is unknown whether and how this association differs by race/ethnicity and age. To begin to address this gap, this study examines the association of social isolation and physical and mental health among Black, White and Hispanic elders in the United States of America. Building on Cornwell and Waite's perceived isolation and social disconnectedness dimension model of social isolation, the author used multi-stage survey data from a nationally representative sample of 3,005 community-residing adults aged 57–85 from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Tests for association were conducted on health by age, gender, marital status, education and race/ethnicity separately. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to test the association of social isolation and health exclusively and separately among these three groups. Results showed that social isolation is strongly associated with physical and mental health. Both perceived isolation and social disconnectedness had a significant negative association with physical and mental health among White elders. For Blacks, social disconnectedness is negatively associated with their physical health while perceived isolation had a negative association with mental health. Among Hispanic elders, there seemed to be no association between social isolation and physical health, but a significant negative association was found with their mental health. Despite various associated patterns, however, social isolation overall was associated with health outcomes that were similar across three elder groups. By identifying factors influencing social isolation and health among minority older Americans, this study has relevance to the development of culturally sensitive health-care practice and services, which may be applicable to minority elders in different countries.
Talker familiarity and spoken word recognition in school-age children
Authors: LEVI SUSANNAH V. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTResearch with adults has shown that spoken language processing is improved when listeners are familiar with talkers' voices, known as the familiar talker advantage. The current study explored whether this ability extends to school-age children, who are still acquiring language. Children were familiarized with the voices of three German–English bilingual talkers and were tested on the speech of six bilinguals, three of whom were familiar. Results revealed that children do show improved spoken language processing when they are familiar with the talkers, but this improvement was limited to highly familiar lexical items. This restriction of the familiar talker advantage is attributed to differences in the representation of highly familiar and less familiar lexical items. In addition, children did not exhibit accent-general learning; despite having been exposed to German-accented talkers during training, there was no improvement for novel German-accented talkers.
Controlling Corruption in the Party: China's Central Discipline Inspection Commission
Authors: Guo Xuezhi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article investigates a prominent but little discussed CCP central organ, the Central Discipline Inspection Commission (CDIC), and its local discipline inspection commissions (DICs) in the post-Mao era. It analyses how the CCP exerts its control over the disciplinary organizations and argues that the disciplinary agencies' lack of autonomy hinders their efforts to crack down on corruption. This article investigates the important role played by the CDIC in CCP politics by examining its organizational structure, modes of operation and criteria for imposing disciplinary sanctions, and evaluates the measures and approaches employed by the Party's disciplinary organizations to combat corruption. The study concludes that structural, institutional and cultural factors hinder the effectiveness of the CCP's disciplinary agencies in their efforts to control Party members, officials and corruption.
The use of analytics in the design of sociotechnical products
Authors: Van Horn David , Lewis Kemper 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe use of analytics has been emerging as a way to better understand the complex dynamics and resulting trends that occur when social and technical systems intersect. For instance, web analytics studies the intersection between society and the Internet to better understand use patterns and preferences. Business analytics studies the interfaces between human capital and technical systems in the context of corporate management and industrial production. Engineering design is ripe with such sociotechnical systems where consumers and engineered systems intersect producing a complex sociotechnical system marked by difficult to predict behavior and trends. In this paper, the paradigm of design analytics is further developed and used to study a diverse sociotechnical product. The product is a refrigerator that is hypothetically equipped with sensors and feedback mechanisms, and a simulator models the interactions of a population of 1000 users. Analyzing this sociotechnical product using design analytics demonstrates the ability to extract valuable insights at the juncture of people and technology. Insights into the leading behaviors of different populations are presented, and it is shown that design analytics and the associated tools can provide a platform for designers to develop better performing products that meet both explicit and implicit customer needs.
Foetal therapy: what works? Closed interatrial septum
Authors: Herberg Ulrike , Berg Christoph , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Breuer Johannes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHypoplastic left-heart syndrome and critical aortic stenosis with severely restricted or intact foramen ovale are associated with high neonatal mortality and poor long-term outcome. Despite accurate foetal diagnosis and successful postnatal catheter-based and surgical intervention, the 1-month survival rate is about 33%. Changes in pulmonary vascular architecture resulting in pulmonary hypertension result in important long-term morbidity. Prenatal relief of left atrial and pulmonary hypertension may promote normal pulmonary vascular and parenchymal development and improve short- and long-term outcomes. Foetal atrial balloon septostomy, laser perforation, and stenting of the foetal interatrial septum are the current options for foetal therapy. This paper provides an overview of foetal diagnosis, selection of patients for foetal intervention, and interventional techniques, and also reviews the current status of foetal and postnatal outcomes after intrauterine intervention.
Partial anomalous left pulmonary artery: report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Sen Supratim , Winlaw David S. , Sholler Gary F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe describe two cases of anomalous origin of the left lower-lobe pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery. The primary diagnosis was mitral atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, aortic arch hypoplasia in the first child, and tetralogy of Fallot in the second. In both cases, the pulmonary trunk gave rise to a left pulmonary artery in the normal position. In addition, a second branch of the left pulmonary artery arose from the right pulmonary artery, and passed posterior and inferior to the left main or upper-lobe bronchus to supply the left lower lobe. In this review, we compare our findings with previously reported examples of this extremely rare cardiac malformation, and discuss possible embryological explanations for the lesion.