bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in health care for children and young people with cerebral palsies: a retrospective multicentre audit study
Authors: Horridge Karen , Tennant Peter W G , Balu Rajesh , Rankin Judith 
Published: March 2015

AimTo explore the provision and variations in care for children and young people with cerebral palsies (CP) registered with the population‐based North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey (NECCPS).MethodThis is a retrospective multicentre record audit of 389 children with CP (220 males, 148 females, 21 no data; median age at time of audit 12y 3mo), born between 1995 and 2002. Data were collected on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hip and spine surveillance and management, and pain presence and management. Variations over time and between the districts in the north of England (Northumberland, North and West Cumbria, North and South Tyneside, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, Gateshead, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington, Bishop Auckland, Hartlepool, Stockton‐on‐Tees, Middlesbrough, Redcar, and Cleveland), and by socio‐economic status (SES) (estimated from the Index of Multiple Deprivation [IMD] 2004) were estimated by generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere was significant variation between districts in access to MRI (p<0.001), orthopaedic surgeons (p=0.005), recording state of spine (p<0.001), and discussions about pain (p<0.001). Fifty‐seven per cent (95% CI 52–62) had evidence of a reported MRI brain scan, the proportion of which increased over time (p<0.001). Sixty‐seven per cent (95% CI 62–71) had a discussion about pain recorded. Of those in pain, 87% (95% CI 80–93) had a pain management plan. The proportion with documented discussion about pain increased with increasing SES (p=0.04).InterpretationThe provision of care for children with CP in the north of England varies between districts. Internationally agreed, evidence‐based standards are urgently needed to ensure more equitable health care and improved outcomes for all.
Parent questionnaires measuring feeding disorders in preschool children: a systematic review
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Spittle Alicia J , Allinson Leesa , Morgan Angela 
Published: March 2015

AimPreschool feeding disorders are common and debilitating and are associated with a range of developmental and medical issues. Parent report allows assessment of feeding in a naturalistic environment over time, with advantages over time‐limited, clinic‐based observations. However, little is understood about the limitations and advantages of current parent‐report measures. We aimed to systematically review the psychometrics and clinometrics of parent‐administered feeding questionnaires.MethodFive search engines were used to identify questionnaires that met inclusion criteria, i.e. being norm‐or criterion‐referenced, child focused, appropriate for preschool children, and measured two or more feeding domains (e.g. dysphagia/oral motor delay, food refusal).ResultsIn total 3535 abstracts were identified and 215 full‐text articles were evaluated. Five questionnaires met the criteria. The Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) was the most reliable questionnaire identified, with good test–retest reliability and internal consistency. More predictive and concurrent validity data was available for the BPFAS, the Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire, and the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale than for other measures.InterpretationFurther research is needed on the psychometric properties of feeding questionnaires used in research and clinical practice. To date, the BPFAS has the most comprehensive reliability and validity data of any parent‐administered feeding questionnaire for preschool children.
Thrombosis in thrombocythemic Ph‐ myeloproliferations is associated with higher platelet count prior to the event: results of analyses of prothrombotic risk factors from a registry of patients treated with anagrelide
Authors: Schwarz Jiří , Ovesná Petra , Černá Olga , Kissová Jarmila , Soukupová Jacqueline Maaloufová , Brychtová Yvona , Doubek Michael , Červinek Libor , Cmunt Eduard , Dulíček Petr , Campr Vít , Křen Leoš , Penka Miroslav ,   for CZEMP – Czech Group for Ph‐ Myeloproliferative Disorders
Published: March 2015

AbstractControversies still exist regarding definition of the thrombotic risks in Ph‐ (BCR/ABL1‐) myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia (MPD‐T). Platelet counts at diagnosis are currently not taken as a risk factor of thrombosis. In our cohort of 1179 patients with MPD‐T, prospectively registered for anagrelide treatment, we found that the median platelet count prior to the thrombotic event was significantly higher than at time points without any ensuing thrombosis (453 vs. 400 × 109/L, P < 0.001), albeit higher platelet counts at diagnosis tended to be connected with fewer thrombotic events (in contrast to WBC counts at diagnosis). The JAK2V617F mutation predicted both arterial and venous events, while age >65 yr, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, elevated triglyceride and homocysteine levels predicted arterial events only. For venous events, the specific thrombophilic risk factors (factor V ‘Leiden’ and others), antiphospholipid antibodies, and elevated factor VIII levels played a major role. During anagrelide treatment (± aspirin), we documented a decrease in both venous (6.7‐fold) and arterial events (1.8‐fold), while bleeding (mostly minor events) increased twofold compared to history. Our results suggest that keeping platelet counts at low levels may be a meaningful therapeutic measure to prevent thrombosis, although their counts at diagnosis lack any prognostic value.
EFNS‐ENS/EAN Guideline on concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schmidt R. , Hofer E. , Bouwman F. H. , Buerger K. , Cordonnier C. , Fladby T. , Galimberti D. , Georges J. , Heneka M. T. , Hort J. , Laczó J. , Molinuevo J. L , O'Brien J. T. , Religa D. , Scheltens P. , Schott J. M. , Sorbi S. 
Published: March 2015

Background and purposePrevious studies have indicated clinical benefits of a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) and memantine over ChEI monotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our objective was the development of guidelines on the question of whether combined ChEI/memantine treatment rather than ChEI alone should be used in patients with moderate to severe AD to improve global clinical impression (GCI), cognition, behaviour and activities of daily living (ADL).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials based on a literature search in ALOIS, the register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group, was carried out with subsequent guideline development according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.ResultsPooled data from four trials including 1549 AD patients in the moderate to severe disease stage demonstrated significant beneficial effects of combination therapy compared to ChEI monotherapy for GCI [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.31; −0.09], cognitive functioning (SMD −0.27, 95% CI −0.37; −0.17) and behaviour (SMD −0.19; 95% CI −0.31; −0.07). The quality of evidence was high for behaviour, moderate for cognitive function and GCI and low for ADL. Agreement of panellists was reached after the second round of the consensus finding procedure. The desirable effects of combined ChEI and memantine treatment were considered to outweigh undesirable effects. The evidence was weak for cognition, GCI and ADL so that the general recommendation for using combination therapy was weak.ConclusionsWe suggest the use of a combination of ChEI plus memantine rather than ChEI alone in patients with moderate to severe AD. The strength of this recommendation is weak.
Isolation and characterization of 15 polymorphic genomic simple sequence repeat markers in Poa pratensis L.
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Yu Feng , Li Yuan , Wang Haiqing , Dou Quanwen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPoa pratensis L. is an important perennial grass used both for forage and turf in temperate regions of the world. In this study, we isolated and characterized 15 novel polymorphic genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in P. pratensis. The polymorphism of each marker was assessed in 14 cultivars. The number of alleles of individual microsatellites ranged from three to six, with an average of 3.8 alleles per SSR. Cross‐species amplification tests showed that 13 and seven of the characterized P. pratensis markers could be effectively amplified in P. pratensis var. anceps Gaud and P. crymophila Keng, respectively. These polymorphic microsatellite markers should serve as powerful tools for the investigation of genetic diversity and related analyses, and also for molecular‐assisted breeding of P. pratensis.
‘No one wants to be the face of Herpes London’: a qualitative study of the challenges of engaging patients and the public in sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS services
Authors: Robinson Nicola , Lorenc Ava 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo explore barriers, challenges and best practice within patient and public engagement (PPE) in sexual and reproductive health and HIV (SRHH) services in London.MethodsConsultation exercise using qualitative interviews with 27 stakeholders including commissioners, managers, voluntary/community organizations (VCOs) clinicians and patients, analysed using Framework Analysis and Atlas.ti software.ResultsParticipants recognized PPE's importance, echoing recent political and NHS drives, and highlighted the need for meaningful, empowering PPE, including user‐designed methods, peer research and participatory approaches. Although challenging in SRHH and requiring training and support, PPE may help tackle stigma, and promote self‐management and patient‐centred‐care, including peer education and role modelling. Expertise may come from experienced VCOs. Themes in priority order were: organizational commitment (including lack of dedicated staff, time and money); motivating patients; changing NHS philosophy; informing patients/public; using public awareness/education campaigns; overcoming stigma; working with VCOs. ‘Reaching out’ to engage underrepresented groups in this sensitive area was emphasized through community outreach, incentivization and linking with existing organizations. Making engagement easy and addressing issues of public value were also important. Stigma was less hindering than anticipated, except for ethnic minorities. PPE was seen to improve patient satisfaction, increase service uptake and reduce inequalities, key priorities in SRHH, and identify innovative service delivery ideas.ConclusionsPPE is crucial in creating a patient‐led NHS and responsible society. If organizations, including the NHS, commit to implementing meaningful PPE which actively targets those at risk of poor SRHH, services can be truly patient‐led and patients and communities empowered to tackle the stigma of SRHH.
Job‐search Networks and Wage Attainment in China: A Comparison of Job Changers and Non‐changers
Authors: Huang Xianbi , Bian Yanjie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article examines job‐search networks and entry‐level wage attainment using data from a large‐scale survey conducted in eight cities in China in 2009. Two key issues are addressed: (i) how the use of social networks is associated with entry‐level wage attainment in urban China, and (ii) whether the patterns of network effects on entry‐level wage differ between job changers and first‐job seekers. The results show that both strength of ties and social resources of job‐search networks are significantly associated with entry‐level wage attainment, and that the network effects on entry‐level wage are greater for job changers than for first‐job seekers. This study offers a solid empirical verification of the associations of weak ties with information and strong ties with influence in an analysis of entry‐level wages for job changers and first‐job seekers.
How to Get a Longer Job? Roles of Human and Social Capital in the Japanese Labor Market
Authors: Kobayashi Jun , Kagawa Mei , Sato Yoshimichi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the roles of human and social capital played in the Japanese labor market. Our research question is whether they interact to accelerate or decelerate each other to provide first jobs of a long duration. Based on the literature, we focus on the bonding functions of friends and relatives. Using the 2005 Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey Data, we measure human capital by educational attainment (college education) and social capital by job search methods (using friends or relatives). The dependent variable is the hazard rate of turnover from the first job. We find that social capital especially benefits those with low human capital (high school graduates). When friends or relatives introduce workers to jobs, high school graduates tended to stay longer in their first jobs and had a lower turnover than college graduates did. This means that social capital decelerated effects of human capital. Therefore, in the Japanese labor market, social capital plays a complementary role in mitigating educational disadvantage.
Autoextraction of twelve permanent teeth in a child with autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Williams Anne C. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThis report discusses self‐injurious behaviour; this is not unusual in people with autistic spectrum disorders but is not commonly experienced as autoextraction.Case ReportThis case concerns a 12 year old child who presented as a new patient with two teeth missing. He then went on to remove a further ten teeth over a relatively short space of time.ConclusionThe recognition of autoextraction by the dental team is important. its management involves a multidisciplinary team which includes professionals from education, health and social care who work together to prevent progressive self‐injury.
RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS LIVING IN A SMALL COMMUNITY: THEIR ATTITUDES, BELIEFS AND PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Atkinson Kaye , Schattner Peter , Margolis Stephen 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the attitudes and beliefs towards general practice of rural secondary school students, in particular, their perception of the barriers to the effective delivery of primary health care.Setting: Students attending a government‐funded secondary school in a rural community of less than 4000 people.Subjects: 250 students in years 7–12 were surveyed, with 177 (71%) replying, 45% of these being male.Design: Cross‐sectional, self‐administered questionnaire survey.Results: The study found that most students value general practitioners (GPs) as valuable sources of health care, feel they have reasonable access to care and in most instances appear to attend appropriately for their health problems. Most felt their doctor would be an empathetic listener, would provide sufficient time to provide effective care and communicated in a language they could understand. Confidentiality issues were considered important, especially by females.Conclusion: Although students have very positive attitudes about general practice, the findings could be used to improve a number of GP services for young people in small rural communities. This is particularly so for presentations which require a high degree of confidentiality and skilful counselling, such as psychological problems and risk‐taking behaviours.
Symptoms Before Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome: A Nationwide Study Among the Young in Denmark
Authors: GLINGE CHARLOTTE , JABBARI REZA , RISGAARD BJARKE , LYNGE THOMAS HADBERG , ENGSTRØM THOMAS , ALBERT CHRISTINE M. , HAUNSØ STIG , WINKEL BO GREGERS , TFELT‐HANSEN JACOB 
Published: March 2015

Symptoms Before SADSIntroductionNo studies in an unselected and nationwide setting have characterized the symptoms and medical history of patients with sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS). The aim of this study was to identify and describe the symptoms and medical history of patients before the presentation of SADS.Methods and ResultsWe have previously identified all of the autopsied sudden cardiac deaths (SCD; n = 314) in Danes aged 1–35 years between 2000 and 2006. After comprehensive pathological and toxicological investigation did not reveal a cause of SCD, 136 of the patients were identified as SADS. The National Patient Registry was utilized to obtain information on all in‐ and outpatient activity in Danish hospitals. All medical records from hospitals and general practitioners, including death certificates and autopsy reports were reviewed.Before death, 48 (35%) SADS patients had cardiac symptoms; among these, 30 (22%) had contacted the healthcare system. Antecedent symptoms (symptoms >24 hours before death) were present in 34 (25%) patients. Prodromal symptoms (symptoms ≤24 hours before death) were present in 23 (17%) patients. Cardiac symptoms included chest pain (n = 16, 12%), dyspnea (n = 18, 13%), palpitations (n = 2, 1%), presyncope/syncope (n = 23, 17%), and aborted SCD (n = 2, 1%). In addition, seizures (n = 25, 18%) were prevalent. In 61 (45%) SADS cases, no previous medical history were recorded.ConclusionIn this unselected, nationwide study of 136 young SADS patients, 35% had experienced cardiac symptoms before death, most commonly presyncope/syncope, but only one out of five had contacted a healthcare provider with cardiac symptoms.
Improving the Transparency and Accountability of EU Institutions: The Impact of the Office of the European Ombudsman
Authors: Kostadinova Petia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis research focuses on the inquiries into alleged maladministration by EU institutions completed by the Office of the European Ombudsman (EO) during the period 1996–2012, seeking to highlight the ways in which the Ombudsman advances democracy in the European Union (EU). The article analyses the content of an original dataset consisting of 515 critical remarks and 113 follow‐up inquiries issued by the EO. The study shows that concerns about transparency and accountability dominate citizens’ complaints to the Ombudsman. Further, the analysis concludes that, when EU institutions were subject to critical remarks, in the majority of instances they adopted the EO's recommendation to increase the transparency and/or accountability of their practices. The EO's impact is observable both during the inquiry process and after it issues critical remarks. The article links these conclusions to a broader discussion of the democratic dilemmas in the EU.
Phenotypical characterization of circulating cell subsets in pyoderma gangrenosum patients: the experience of the Italian immuno‐pathology group
Authors: Quaglino P. , Fava P. , Caproni M. , Antiga E. , De Simone C. , Papini M. , Parodi A. , Novelli M. , Osella‐Abate S. , Ribero S. , Sanlorenzo M. , Ponti R. , Fierro M.T. , Marzano A.V. , Savoia P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundNo data are available as to the phenotype of circulating lymphocyte subsets in pyoderma gangrenosum (PG).AimTo analyse the expression of different chemokine receptors associated to T‐helper (Th)1 (CCR5), Th2 (CCR4) and Th17 (CCR6), as well as the regulatory T‐cell subset (Treg) and dendritic cell polarization in the blood of newly diagnosed untreated PG patients.Materials and methodsMulti‐parameter flow cytometry was performed on blood samples from 10 PG patients collected at first diagnosis among centres belonging to the Italian Immuno‐pathology Group. Blood samples from 10 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) were used as controls.ResultsPG patients are characterized by an over‐expression in the blood of the CD4+CCR5+ and CD4+CCR6+ and a down‐regulation of CD4+CCR4+ counts with respect to healthy subjects. Moreover, they show increased levels of myeloid derived dendritic cells type1 and reduced levels of the Treg CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ subset.ConclusionsThe pattern of chemokine expression argues in favour of a Th1 (CCR5+) and Th17 (CCR6+) polarization with a down‐regulation of Th2 (CCR4+).
Evolution of slow and fast development in predatory ladybirds
Authors: Dixon A. F. G. , Sato S. , Kindlmann P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe frequency distribution of the durations of development of 516 larvae of Adalia bipunctata is unimodal, and the fast‐ and slow‐developing larvae can be identified at the beginning of the fourth (=last) instar. To determine the advantages of fast and slow development, the survival, duration of development, growth and number of aphids consumed by fast‐ and slow‐developing fourth instar larvae fed different numbers aphids were recorded. The percentages of fast‐ and slow‐developing fourth instar larvae that survived when fed 0.5, 1 or an excess of aphids per day, surprisingly, did not differ. The slow‐developing larvae of both sexes took longer to complete their development than the fast‐developing larvae when fed 1 or an excess of aphids per day, and although the weights of the fast‐ and slow‐developing fourth instar larvae differed at the beginning of the instar, they did not differ at the end of this instar when fed 1 aphid per day. However, when reared on an excess of aphids per day, the adult weights of the fast‐developing individuals was greater than that of slow‐developing individuals. The average durations for which the larvae in the two groups survived when fed 0.5 aphids/day differed with the larvae of the fast‐developing individuals surviving for 9.8 ± 0.5 days and slow‐developing individuals 17 ± 1.3 days. Assuming that it is the rate of predator biomass increase, which is maximized by evolution, a model of the relationship between the rate of development/growth of a predator and that of its prey indicates that the optimum growth rate of a predator is positively associated with that of its prey. The evolutionary implications of these results are discussed.
Asia–Pacific consensus statements on Crohn's disease. Part 2: Management
Authors: Ooi Choon Jin , Makharia Govind K , Hilmi Ida , Gibson Peter R , Fock Kwong Ming , Ahuja Vineet , Ling Khoon Lin , Lim Wee Chian , Thia Kelvin T , Wei Shu‐chen , Leung Wai Keung , Koh Poh Koon , Gearry Richard B , Goh Khean Lee , Ouyang Qin , Sollano Jose , Manatsathit Sathaporn , de Silva H Janaka , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Pisespongsa Pises , Abu Hassan Muhamad Radzi , Sung Joseph , Hibi Toshifumi , Boey Christopher C M , Moran Neil , Leong Rupert W L ,   Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Asia Pacific Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease was established in Cebu, Philippines, at the Asia Pacific Digestive Week conference in 2006 under the auspices of the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) with the goal of developing best management practices, coordinating research and raising awareness of IBD in the region. The consensus group previously published recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis (UC) with specific relevance to the Asia‐Pacific region. The present consensus statements were developed following a similar process to address the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease (CD). The goals of these statements are to pool the pertinent literature specifically highlighting relevant data and conditions in the Asia‐Pacific region relating to the economy, health systems, background infectious diseases, differential diagnoses and treatment availability. It does not intend to be all‐comprehensive and future revisions are likely to be required in this ever‐changing field.