bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruindo a cultura em cooperação mediado pela pedagogia para a infância do Movimento da Escola Moderna portuguesa
Authors: Folque Maria Assunção 
Published: August 2015

Neste artigo procurou-se contribuir para repensar o papel da escola infantil e do educador na sua relação com as crianças e com a sociedade recorrendo às teoria histórico-cultural e da atividade. Convocou-se o conceito de reconstrução cooperada da cultura, uma das finalidades do Movimento da Escola Moderna portuguesa, procurando explicitar e analisar o seu modelo pedagógico na educação de infância. Baseando-nos em pesquisas levadas a cabo quer por académicos, quer por educadores no seio deste movimento de professores, colocou-se o enfoque em elementos centrais desta pedagogia. Estes elementos, refletidos à luz do referencial teórico referido, procuram contribuir para aproximar a escola da cultura, compreendendo as instituições para a infância como espaço de revitalização cultural e social, onde o currículo decorre de uma gestão cooperada e os circuitos de comunicação revitalizam o encontro humano numa construção mútua de significados e de aprendizagens. A análise dos dados empíricos permite igualmente aprontar caminhos ainda por percorrer no sentido deuma resignificação das práticas educativas institucionais na infância.
Financiamiento de la seguridad pública en El Salvador
Authors: Molina Batlle Carlos Alfredo 
Published: August 2015

El artículo describe y analiza el comportamiento de las principales variables que afectan la seguridad pública, tomando como referencia los homicidios, extorsiones y delitos al patrimonio, además de variables en el ámbito económico y que mantienen una relación con el tema de estudio; utilizando métodos comparativos, tendenciasy modelos econométricos, con el propósito de concluir sobre los datos históricos y situar al lector en el contexto salvadoreño. Con ello se crea un modelo de seguridad pública que permite definir escenarios financieros, concluyendo en ideas y propuesta de fuentes de financiamiento para obtenerlos recursos que fortalezcan las institucionesy programas que afectan la seguridad pública en el país, analizándolas bajo perspectivas e impactos macroeconómicos, procurando que estas no afecten las principales variables económicas.Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(1) 2015: 31-74
Medium, figure : deux mots pour une conversation sur l’adaptation
Authors: Prince Éric 
Published: August 2015

L’adaptation du théâtre au cinéma, tout comme celle qui opère entre n’importe quelsmedia, a souvent été étudiée sous l’angle de la matérialité propre à chaque moyen d’expression, à la lumière des limitations qu’implique cette dernière. Or, cet article emprunte une voie différente et propose une conception figurale dumediuminspirée du pragmatisme peircéen. Comment, aujourd’hui, poser la question « qu’est-ce que le cinéma ? ». Dans ce texte, nous aborderons d’abord les difficultés que soulève une telle interrogation, après quoi nous élaborerons une définition dumedium. Puis, nous exemplifierons sa contribution à l’épistémologie des études cinématographiques en nous penchant sur la comédie romantique américaine, genre des plus significatifs pour l’histoire du cinéma, qui continue la tradition théâtrale tout en rompant avec elle. Nous conclurons par un examen deNô, un film de Robert Lepage, adapté d’une pièce du même auteur.
Souvenir et désir infantile. L’autobiographie à la manière du récit de rêve chez Salvador Dalí
Authors: Jacob Carmélie 
Published: August 2015

Il n’y a pas que les tableaux, chez Dalí, qui se teintent d’onirisme : son autobiographie, qui tient principalement dans La Vie secrète de Salvador Dalí (1942) et le Journal d’un génie (1964), laisse transparaître du début à la fin une logique du rêve, où s’entrecroisent l’absurde et l’habituel. C’est sur cette construction que nous souhaitons nous pencher, afin d’y repérer les traces du souvenir et du désir, premières assises du rêve. Nous montrerons ainsi quels liens se tissent entre rêves et remémoration dans l’écriture du peintre, comment Gala Dalí agit en tant que figure onirique, et enfin, en quoi la prémonition vient influencer les fantasmes mégalomanes et mystiques daliniens.
Correlation of expertise with error detection skills of force application during spinal manipulation learning*
Authors: Loranger Michel , Treboz Julien , Boucher Jean-Alexandre , Nougarou François , Dugas Claude , Descarreaux Martin 
Published: August 2015

Objective: Most studies on spinal manipulation learning demonstrate the relevance of including motor learning strategies in chiropractic curricula. Two outcomes of practice are the production of movement in an efficient manner and the improved capability of learners to evaluate their own motor performance. The goals of this study were to evaluate if expertise is associated with increased spinal manipulation proficiency and if error detection skills of force application during a high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation are related to expertise.
Methods: Three groups of students and 1 group of expert chiropractors completed 10 thoracic spine manipulations on an instrumented device with the specific goal of reaching a maximum peak force of 300 N after a brief period of practice. After each trial, participants were asked to give an estimate of their maximal peak force. Force-time profiles were analyzed to determine the biomechanical parameters of each participant and the participant's capacity to estimate his or her own performance.
Results: Significant between-group differences were found for each biomechanical parameter. No significant difference was found between groups for the error detection variables (p &gt; .05). The lack of significant effects related to the error detection capabilities with expertise could be related to the specificity of the task and how the training process was structured.
Conclusion: This study confirms that improvements in biomechanical parameters of spinal manipulation are related to expertise. Feedback based on error detection could be implemented in chiropractic curricula to improve trainee abilities in detecting motor execution errors.
First satellite imaging of auroral pulsations by the Fast Auroral Imager on e‐POP
Authors: Lui A. T. Y. , Cogger L. L. , Howarth A. , Yau A. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the first satellite imaging of auroral pulsations by the Fast Auroral Imager (FAI) on board the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) satellite. The near‐infrared camera of FAI is capable of providing up to two auroral images per second, ideal for investigation of pulsating auroras. The auroral pulsations were observed within the auroral bulge formed during a substorm interval on 19 February 2014. This first satellite view of these pulsations from FAI reveals that (1) several pulsating auroral channels (PACs) occur within the auroral bulge, (2) periods of the intensity pulsations span over one decade within the auroral bulge, and (3) there is no apparent trend of longer pulsation periods associated with higher latitudes for these PACs. Although PACs resemble in some respect stable pulsating auroras reported previously, they have several important differences in characteristics.
Resonant scattering of outer zone relativistic electrons by multiband EMIC waves and resultant electron loss time scales
Authors: Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Zou Zhengyang , Zhou Chen , Gu Xudong , Bortnik Jacob , Zhang Jichun , Fu Song , Zhao Zhengyu , Shi Run , Xie Lun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo improve our understanding of the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in radiation belt electron dynamics, we perform a comprehensive analysis of EMIC wave‐induced resonant scattering of outer zone relativistic (>0.5 MeV) electrons and resultant electron loss time scales with respect to EMIC wave band, L shell, and wave normal angle model. The results demonstrate that while H+‐band EMIC waves dominate the scattering losses of ~1–4 MeV outer zone relativistic electrons, it is He+‐band and O+‐band waves that prevail over the pitch angle diffusion of ultrarelativistic electrons at higher energies. Given the wave amplitude, EMIC waves at higher L shells tend to resonantly interact with a larger population of outer zone relativistic electrons and drive their pitch angle scattering more efficiently. Obliquity of EMIC waves can reduce the efficiency of wave‐induced relativistic electron pitch angle scattering. Compared to the frequently adopted parallel or quasi‐parallel model, use of the latitudinally varying wave normal angle model produces the largest decrease in H+‐band EMIC wave scattering rates at pitch angles < ~40° for electrons > ~5 MeV. At a representative nominal amplitude of 1 nT, EMIC wave scattering produces the equilibrium state (i.e., the lowest normal mode under which electrons at the same energy but different pitch angles decay exponentially on the same time scale) of outer belt relativistic electrons within several to tens of minutes and the following exponential decay extending to higher pitch angles on time scales from <1 min to ~1 h. The electron loss cone can be either empty as a result of the weak diffusion or heavily/fully filled due to approaching the strong diffusion limit, while the trapped electron population at high pitch angles close to 90° remains intact because of no resonant scattering. In this manner, EMIC wave scattering has the potential to deepen the anisotropic distribution of outer zone relativistic electrons by reshaping their pitch angle profiles to “top‐hat.” Overall, H+‐band and He+‐band EMIC waves are most efficient in producing the pitch angle scattering loss of relativistic electrons at ~1–2 MeV. In contrast, the presence of O+‐band EMIC waves, while at a smaller occurrence rate, can dominate the scattering loss of 5–10 MeV electrons in the entire region of the outer zone, which should be considered in future modeling of the outer zone relativistic electron dynamics.
Limitation of energetic ring current ion spectra
Authors: Summers Danny , Shi Run 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe address the problem of determining the limiting energetic ring current ion spectrum resulting from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC)‐wave‐ion interactions. We solve the problem in a relativistic regime, incorporating a cold background multi‐ion plasma component and without assuming a predetermined form for the ion energy distribution. The limiting (Kennel‐Petschek) spectrum is determined by the condition that the EMIC waves acquire a specified gain over a given convective length scale for all frequencies over which wave growth occurs. We find that the limiting ion spectrum satisfies an integral equation that must be solved numerically. However, at large particle energy E, the limiting spectrum takes the simple form J ∝ 1/E, E → ∞. Moreover, this 1/E spectral shape does not depend on the energetic ion in question nor on the background multi‐ion plasma composition. We provide numerical solutions for the limiting spectra for Earth‐like parameters. In addition, at four planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, we compare measured ion spectra with corresponding numerical limiting spectra. This paper parallels an earlier analogous study on the limitation of radiation belt electron spectra by whistler mode wave‐electron interactions.
Substorm simulation: Insight into the mechanisms of initial brightening
Authors: Ebihara Y. , Tanaka T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInitial brightening of the aurora is an optical manifestation of the beginning of a substorm expansion and is accompanied by large‐amplitude upward field‐aligned currents (FACs). Based on global magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we suggest the possible generation mechanism of the upward FAC that may manifest the initial brightening. (1) A formation of the near‐Earth neutral line (NENL) releases the tension force that accelerates plasma earthward. (2) The earthward (perpendicular) flow is converted to a field‐aligned flow when flow braking takes place. (3) A high‐pressure region propagates earthward along a field line. (4) The off‐equatorial high‐pressure region pulls in and discharges ambient plasma, which generates a flow vorticity around it. (5) Region 1‐sense FAC is generated in the upper part of the off‐equatorial high‐pressure region. (6) The upward FAC is connected with the ionosphere in the center of the Harang discontinuity, causing the initial brightening. Additional dynamo is generated in the near‐Earth region, which transmits electromagnetic energy. Upward FAC that manifests the initial brightening seems to be necessarily originated in the near‐Earth off‐equatorial region where the magnitude of the perpendicular (diamagnetic) current is relatively small in comparison with that of the FAC. Near the equatorial plane, the perpendicular current is comparable to or larger than FAC so that a current line is diverted from a magnetic field line and that the FAC generated near the equatorial plane is not necessarily connected with the ionosphere. The proposed mechanism occurs regardless of the location of the NENL and may explain some of auroral forms.
Impact of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask interpretation on cloud amount estimation
Authors: Kotarba Andrzej Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCloud masks serve as a basis for estimates of cloud amount, which is an essential parameter for studying the Earth's radiation budget. The most commonly used cloud mask is a simple thematic classification, which includes qualitative information on the presence of clouds in the satellite's instantaneous field of view (IFOV). Cloud mask classes have to be “translated” into a quantitative measure, in order to be used for cloud amount calculations. The assignment of cloud fractions to cloud mask classes is a subjective process and increases uncertainty in cloud amount estimates. We evaluated this degree of uncertainty using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask product. Together with the operational MODIS cloud mask interpretation, we investigated two extreme alternatives: “rigorous” (only “confident cloudy” IFOVs were 100% cloudy) and “tolerant” (only “confident clear” IFOVs were 0% cloudy). Results showed that the range of uncertainty was 14.3% in Europe and controlled by the frequency of small convective clouds. Comparison with surface‐based observations suggests that the rigorous interpretation of the cloud mask is more accurate than that used operationally for MODIS level 3 product generation. The rigorous approach resulted in the smallest bias (−0.7%), the smallest root‐mean‐square error (4.6%), the small standard deviation (6%), and the strongest correlation (0.935). These results suggest that for climatological applications the rigorous scenario should be considered as a more accurate “best guess” over land.
A Desulfonylative Approach in Oxidative Gold Catalysis: Regiospecific Access to Donor‐Substituted Acyl Gold Carbenes
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Zhang Liming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDonor‐substituted acyl gold carbenes are challenging to access selectively by gold‐promoted intermolecular oxidation of internal alkynes as the opposite regioisomers frequently predominate. By using alkynyl sulfones or sulfonates as substrates, the oxidative gold catalysis in the presence of substituted pyridine N‐oxides offers regiospecific access to acyl/aryl, acyl/alkenyl, and acyl/alkoxy gold carbenes by in situ expulsion of sulfur dioxide. The intermediacies of these reactive species are established by their reactivities, including undergoing further oxidation by the same oxidant, cyclopropanation of styrenes, engaging in a [3+2] cycloaddition with α‐methylstyrene, and conversion into dienones.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylate composite with thiol‐modified nanosilica as chain transfer agent
Authors: Wu Jianbing , Li Ping , Ma Xiaolong , Liang Qingfeng , Yuan Tuan , Ma Guozhang 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPolyacrylate composites with thiol‐modified nanosilica as chain transfer agent were prepared. The FTIR results indicated that the chemical bond has formed between polyacrylate and modified nanosilica. The change of molecular weight distribution proved that the thiol group on the nanosilica surface played the chain transfer agent role just as common thiol. A possible mechanism of modified nanosilica in the polymerization was proposed and the core‐shell may be formed finally. In addition, the dispersion of nanosilica in the polyacrylate also improved as a result of the organic bridge structure between the nanosilica and polyacrylate. The thermal decomposition temperature increased as much as 10°C for polyacrylate with 10 wt % modified nanosilica composites compared to polyacrylate. The coatings hardness increased from 2 to 6 H and the abrasion resistance improved from 28 to 10 mg under the same conditions. Especially, the gloss change of coatings with different content of modified nanosilica indicated that the polyacrylate composites have obviously better aging resistance performance compared to polyacrylate. It may be ascribed to the property that nanosilica can absorb large UV light. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42756.
Ortho‐7 bound to the active‐site gorge of free and OP‐conjugated acetylcholinesterase: Cation–π interactions
Authors: Pathak Arup Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Tusar 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the immense importance of cation–π interactions prevailing in bispyridinium drug acetylcholinesterase (AChE) complexes, a precise description of cation–π interactions at molecular level has remained elusive. Here, we consider a bispyridinium drug, namely, ortho‐7 in three different structures of AChE, with and without complexation with organophosphorus (OP) compounds for detailed investigation using all atom molecular dynamics simulation. By quantum mechanical calculations, Y72, W86, Y124, W286, Y337, and Y341 aromatic residues of the enzyme are investigated for possible cation–π interactions with ortho‐7. The cation–π interactions in each of the protein–drug complexes are studied using distance, angle, a suitable functional form of them, and electrostatic criteria. The variation of cation–π functional is remarkably consistent with that of the Columbic variation. It is clearly observed that cation–π interactions for some of the residues in the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of the enzyme are either enhanced or reduced based on the nature of OP conjugation (i.e., nerve gas, tabun or pesticide, fenamiphos) when compared with the OP‐free enzyme. The strength of cation–π interaction is strongly dependent on the type OP conjugation. The effect of conjugation at CAS is also seen to influence the cation–π interaction at the PAS region. The variation of cation–π interactions on the type of conjugating OP compounds might be suggestive of a reason as to why wide spectrum drug against any OP poisoning is yet to arrive in the market. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 10–20, 2016.
Expression profiles uncover the correlation of OPN signaling pathways with rat liver regeneration at cellular level
Authors: Wang Gaiping , Li Xiaofang , Chen Shasha , Zhao Weiming , Yang Jing , Chang Cuifang , Xu Cunshuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) could participate in the occurrence of multiple liver diseases via promoting inflammation, cell activation, proliferation, and migration. However, the correlation of OPN with liver regeneration (LR) is poorly defined. Previous studies from us and others revealed that OPN was probably involved in the activation and proliferation of various hepatic cell types during LR. In this study, to further investigate the underlined mechanism of OPN in regulating LR, eight hepatic cell types were isolated and purified from rat regenerative livers at 10 time points. The gene expression profiles of above hepatic cells were assayed by Rat Genome 230 2.0 chips, and then IPA software was used to uncover the correlations of gene expression changes with physiological activities. The findings demonstrated that the majority of the OPN pathway‐related genes were up‐regulated in hepatocytes (HCs), pit cells (PCs), oval cells (OCs), and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) but down‐regulated in other four cell types including sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), dendritic cells (DCs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Thereafter, functional enriched analysis by IPA indicated that OPN signaling pathway might promote cell proliferation, activation, migration, and inflammation in HCs, OCs, BECs, and PCs, and slightly boost proliferation and migration of SECs and KCs but inhibit inflammation response and chemotaxis in SECs and KCs and almost all physiological processes in DCs and HSCs. Morever, apoptosis, cell death, and necrosis were remarkably inhibited through JAK/STAT, ERK1/2, and NF‐kB branches in almost every cell type. These above results suggest that OPN signaling pathway is closely related to HCs, OCs, BECs, and PCs but has less regulatory effect on SECs, KCs, HSCs, and DCs during rat LR.
Direct bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation: Feasibility and midterm results
Authors: Suárez de Lezo Javier , Martín Pedro , Mazuelos Francisco , Nóvoa José , Ojeda Soledad , Pan Manuel , Segura José , Hernández Enrique , Romero Miguel , Melián Francisco , Medina Alfonso , Suárez de Lezo José 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo analyze the feasibility and safety of direct bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation without previous balloon dilation.BackgroundLesion preparation through predilation is recommended before BVS implantation. There is no information on the routine use of direct BVS implantation.Methods and ResultsOne hundred fifty‐three patients with a total of 200 coronary lesions, were treated with BVS. A baseline intravascular ultrasound study (IVUS) was performed in 171 lesions (86%), and after BVS implantation, the quality of scaffolding was assessed with an additional IVUS (83, 41%) or optical coherence tomography (77, 38%). Elective predilation was conducted in 50 lesions. In 150 lesions, direct BVS implantation was attempted. In 129 lesions (86%), the BVS was implanted successfully, and in the remaining 21 (14%), direct implantation failed. In these cases, the scaffolds were retrieved and successfully implanted after balloon angioplasty. Longer and C‐type lesions, and a larger plaque burden, were associated with failure to directly cross the lesion. Balloon postdilation was needed in 34% of the lesions. Ten patients (6.6%) had a periprocedural myocardial infarction. One patient (0.6%) died 60 days after BVS implantation due to thrombosis of the scaffold. At follow‐up, target lesion revascularisation was needed in eight patients (5%). After 12 ± 3 months, the remaining patients were symptom‐free.ConclusionsDirect BVS implantation is safe and feasible in most soft coronary plaques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.