bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Panax ginseng extract on human dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
Authors: Lee Geum‐Young , Park Kang‐Gyun , Namgoong Sik , Han Seung‐Kyu , Jeong Seong‐Ho , Dhong Eun‐Sang , Kim Woo‐Kyung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCurrent studies of Panax ginseng (or Korean ginseng) have demonstrated that it has various biological effects, including angiogenesis, immunostimulation, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects. Therefore, we hypothesised that P. ginseng may also play an important role in wound healing. However, few studies have been conducted on the wound‐healing effects of P. ginseng. Thus, the purpose of this in vitro pilot study was to determine the effects of P. ginseng on the activities of fibroblasts, which are key wound‐healing cells. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were treated with one of six concentrations of P. ginseng: 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml and 1 and 10 µg/ml. Cell proliferation was determined 3 days post‐treatment using the 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and collagen synthesis was evaluated by the collagen type I carboxy‐terminal propeptide method. Cell proliferation levels and collagen synthesis were compared among the groups. The 10 ng/ml to 1 µg/ml P. ginseng treatments significantly increased cell proliferation, and the 1 ng/ml to 1 µg/ml concentrations significantly increased collagen synthesis. The maximum effects for both parameters were observed at 10 ng/ml. P. ginseng stimulated human dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis at an optimal concentration of 10 ng/ml.
Human‐Centred Design Projects and Co‐Design in/outside the Turkish Classroom: Responses and Challenges
Authors: Emmanouil Marina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPerhaps more than any other professional group in modern history, designers have felt compelled to undertake the responsibility of addressing and engaging with societal problems in their practice. Initially, this liability involved concerns of form and production methods during the industrial revolution era, and developed into existential, ethical and context‐specific (Western) priorities of working and living during the twentieth century. Today, citizenship by design involves efforts that are directed to wards creating social change for and with the audience. Drawn from empirical research, this article presents the challenges met and lessons learnt when introducing human‐centred design practices to Visual Communication Design (Graphic Design) students in Turkey. As a self‐reflexive study, it draws from students' reception and feedback on a studio project on social awareness, accessibility and authority sharing with visually impaired people, and an applied workshop on the benefit of user collaboration in design. It aims to raise questions of relevance and assimilation of a socially oriented design practice in a non‐Western, commerce‐driven economy at the urge of modernisation. Moreover, acknowledging the strong element of conformity with peer members in Turkish society (such as the government, family and teachers), this work also aims to examine hierarchy‐challenging design practice in and outside the Turkish classroom.
Palaeotropical intercontinental disjunctions revisited using a dated phylogenetic hypothesis with nearly complete species level sampling of Ficus subsect. Urostigma (Moraceae)
Authors: Chantarasuwan Bhanumas , Rønsted Nina , Kjellberg Finn , Sungkaew Sarawood , van Welzen Peter C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimUsing a dated phylogenetic hypothesis with nearly complete species‐level sampling of Ficus subsect. Urostigma with several samples per species, spatio‐temporal diversification patterns are clarified, and alternative hypotheses for repeated Palaeotropical intercontinental disjunctions (PIDs) are revisited.Location(Sub)tropics of Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Australia.MethodsEstimates of divergence times were obtained using a Bayesian relaxed clock analysis via the program beast with three calibration points. The output was used to analyse the historical biogeographical patterns via the program rasp (S‐DIVA option). The results were compared with existing geological knowledge.ResultsThe subsection probably originated in Madagascar or Madagascar and India, and dispersed once (or twice) to Africa and once to Asia (1st PID). From Asia the taxa dispersed all over Southeast Asia and finally to the west Pacific. Wallace's Line was relatively recently crossed several times independently by widespread species. One dispersal event back from Asia to Africa is inferred (2nd PID).Main conclusionsThe combination of dates and area optimizations for the ancestral nodes of Ficus subsect. Urostigma agree with the tectonic history of the various areas and divergence dates published for Ficus. The first PID is explained by species rafting on India to Asia, after which the majority of species evolved in Asia‐Australia. The second PID probably involved dispersal from India via south Asia and Arabia to Africa in the early Miocene before the world‐wide climate cooled down and areas became drier. Dispersal over Wallace's Line is by widespread species from which only a few local endemics in east Malesia‐Australia developed. The biogeographical history of F. subsect. Urostigma supports a complex picture of several crossings of PIDs and it confirms that the route between Asia and Africa via south Asia and Arabia is often favoured. This route was available during a long period from Oligocene to mid‐Miocene and perhaps even up to 2 Ma.
Adjuvant eflornithine to maintain IPL‐induced hair reduction in women with facial hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vissing A.C. , Taudorf E.H. , Haak C.S. , Philipsen P.A. , Hædersdal M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPhotoepilation is the treatment of choice for hair removal in patients with hirsutism, but it remains a challenge to prevent regrowth of hairs.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate whether topical eflornithine maintains hair reduction in hirsute patients after cessation of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy.MethodsA randomized, split‐face, single‐blinded controlled trial on topical eflornithine vs. no eflornithine treatment (control) after 5–6 IPL‐treatments in 22 women with facial hirsutism. Application of eflornithine was initiated after the final IPL‐treatment (baseline) and applied twice daily for 6 months to half of the face. Patients were assessed at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after the final IPL‐treatment. The primary endpoint was difference in facial hair counts between eflornithine vs. no treatment. Secondary endpoints were patient‐evaluated efficacy, patient satisfaction and safety.ResultsA total of 18 patients completed the study protocol. At 1 month after final IPL‐treatment, eflornithine reduced hair regrowth by 14% (P = 0.007, n = 20 patients), at 3 months by 9% (P = 0.107, n = 19) and at 6 months by 17% (P = 0.048, n = 18) compared to no treatment. Patient‐evaluated efficacy supported blinded hair counts and patients were satisfied with eflornithine treatment throughout the study (median VAS 5–6). Eflornithine was generally well tolerated, but blinded evaluation demonstrated deterioration of acne in two patients at final assessment.ConclusionTopical eflornithine provides a self‐administered treatment with a potential to maintain IPL‐induced hair reduction in hirsute patients.
Nematodes associated withIps cembrae(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): comparison of generations, sexes and sampling methods
Authors: Grucmanová Š. , Holuša J. , Čermák V. , Nermuť J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA study of nematodes associated with the large larch bark beetleIps cembrae(Heer 1836) was carried out at three locations in the Czech Republic. The proportion of beetles infested by endoparasitic nematodes (representatives of generaContortylenchus,Parasitylenchus,CryptaphelenchusandParasitorhabditis) ranged from 29.9 to 50.9%. Significant differences were determined in nematode infestation levels among locations, generations and sampling methods. No differences were found in infestation rates between males and females. The percentage of bark beetles with phoretic nematodes ranged from 18 to 42.9%. Phoretic nematodes directly found under elytra, on wings and between body segments of the bark beetles belong to the genusMicoletzkya. However, adults and juveniles of other two phoretic speciesLaimaphelenchus penardiandBursaphelenchussp. were found in the gallery frass ofI. cembrae. Infestation by phoretic nematodes positively correlated with the presence of mites under elytra.
Appraisal of guidelines for androgenetic alopecia using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument
Authors: Huang Mengya , Zhou Xun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the quality of methodological guidelines for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument by searching and analysing the available worldwide guidelines. This could provide a reference for selecting clinical guidelines and for developing new guidelines in the future.MethodsWe searched PubMed and other electronic databases for any AGA guidelines published until 2014. The AGREE II instrument was used by two researchers to create a systematic appraisal in six domains to determine the guidelines fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsFive guidelines associated with the therapy of AGA were identified. The mean scores for the six AGREE II domains were as follows: 89.45% for ‘scope and purpose’, 53.88% for ‘stakeholder involvement’, 53.96% for ‘rigour of development’, 87.22% for ‘clarity of presentation’, 42.92% for ‘applicability’ and 59.16% for ‘editorial independence’. The European guideline ranked the highest, whereas the American guideline of 1996 ranked the lowest. The Asian, European and Japanese guidelines were strongly recommended, and the two from America were recommended with modifications.ConclusionsGuidelines should provide accurate and evidence‐based recommendations. The AGREE II instrument is a useful tool to improve the quality of guidelines, and high‐quality guidelines for clinical practice can be provided by using it.
Common Misconceptions about Recycling
Authors: Geyer Roland , Kuczenski Brandon , Zink Trevor , Henderson Ashley 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe recycling of material resources lies at the heart of the industrial ecology (IE) metaphor. The very notion of the industrial ecosystem is motivated by the idea that we should learn from natural ecosystems how to “close the loop.” Recycling is not just central to IE, it is part of everyday life. Unfortunately, how the IE community and the public at large think about recycling includes several misconceptions that have the potential to misguide environmental assessments, policies, and actions that deal with recycling and thus undermine its environmental potential. One misconception stems from naïve assumptions regarding recycled material displacing primary production. Two others assert the environmental advantages of recycling material multiple times, or at least in a closed loop. A final misconception is the assumption that the distinction between closed and open recycling loops is generally useful. This article explains why these misconceptions are flawed, discusses the implications, and presents an alternative set of principles to better harness the potential environmental benefits of closing material loops.
Coping and rehabilitation in alcoholic liver disease patients after hepatic encephalopathy – in interaction with professionals and relatives
Authors: Mikkelsen Maria Rudkjær , Hendriksen Carsten , Schiødt Frank Vinholt , Rydahl‐Hansen Susan 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesTo identify and describe conditions that limit or support patients, with alcoholic liver disease after surviving alcohol‐induced hepatic encephalopathy, ability to cope with current and potential physical and psychosocial problems – in interaction with professionals and relatives – and to recommend appropriate interventions.BackgroundAlcoholic liver disease patients surviving alcohol‐induced hepatic encephalopathy have significantly impaired quality of life. Internationally, there is a lack of knowledge about the conditions that affect alcoholic liver disease patients' coping and rehabilitation.DesignA grounded theory study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews, conducted with 11 alcoholic liver disease patients who were diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy. The interview guide was inspired by Richard S. Lazarus's theory of stress and coping.ResultsThe elements that support or limit alcoholic liver disease patients' ability to cope with physical and psychosocial problems in interaction with professionals and relatives were represented by the core category ‘Struggle for preservation of identity as a significant individual’. It was characterised by three categories, which are interrelated and impact upon each other: ‘Acknowledgement’, ‘Struggle to maintain control’ and ‘Achieving a sense of security’.ConclusionAlcoholic liver disease patients experience a struggle to preserve their identity as a significant individual. It can be assumed that professionals and relatives in their interaction with, and support of, patients should focus on strengthening and preserving patients' identity in the form of acknowledgement, helping alcoholic liver disease patients maintain self‐control and providing a safety net so patients feel a sense of security.Relevance to clinical practiceIt can be assumed that professionals should support alcoholic liver disease patients' appraisal of, and coping with, physical and psychosocial problems based on acknowledgment, understanding and a sympathetic attitude. Professionals should proactively approach patients when they withdraw. It may be useful for professionals to be aware of alcoholic liver disease patients' individual coping strategies and thereby their individual requirements for professional supportive intervention.
Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics Bonded to Enamel or Dentin Using Different Resin Cement Types and Film Thicknesses
Authors: Rojpaibool Thitithorn , Leevailoj Chalermpol 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of cement film thickness, cement type, and substrate (enamel or dentin) on ceramic fracture resistance.Materials and MethodsOne hundred extracted human third molars were polished to obtain 50 enamel and 50 dentin specimens. The specimens were cemented to 1‐mm‐thick lithium disilicate ceramic plates with different cement film thicknesses (100 and 300 μm) using metal strips as spacers. The cements used were etch‐and‐rinse (RelyX Ultimate) and self‐adhesive (RelyX U200) resin cements. Compressive load was applied on the ceramic plates using a universal testing machine, and fracture loads were recorded in Newtons (N). Statistical analysis was performed by multiple regression (p < 0.05). Representative specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy to control the cement film thickness.ResultsThe RelyX Ultimate group with a cement thickness of 100 μm cemented to enamel showed the highest mean fracture load (MFL; 1591 ± 172.59 N). The RelyX Ultimate groups MFLs were significantly higher than the corresponding RelyX U200 groups (p < 0.05), and thinner film cement demonstrated a higher MFL than thicker films (p < 0.05). Bonding to dentin resulted in lower MFL than with enamel (p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher fracture loads were related to thinner cement film thickness and RelyX Ultimate resin cement. Bonding to dentin resulted in lower fracture loads than bonding to enamel.Clinical SignificanceReduced resin film thickness could reduce lithium disilicate restoration fracture. Etch‐and‐rinse resin cements are recommended for cementing on either enamel or dentin, compared with self‐adhesive resin cement, for improved fracture resistance.
Molecular phylogeny of Glyphochloa (Poaceae, Panicoideae), an endemic grass genus from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Gosavi Kumar Vinod Chhotupuri , Yadav Shrirang R. , Praveen Karanth K. , Surveswaran Siddharthan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe genus Glyphochloa (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae: Rottboellinae) is endemic to peninsular India and is distributed on lateritic plateaus of low and high altitude in and around Western Ghats and the Malabar Coast. The genus presumably originated and diversified in the Western Ghats. Species relationships in the genus Glyphochloa were deduced here based on molecular phylogenies inferred using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and plastid intergenic spacer regions (atpB‐rbcL, trnT‐trnL, trnL‐trnF), and new observations were made of spikelet morphology, caryopsis morphology and meiotic chromosome counts. We observed two distinct clades of Glyphochloa s.l. One of these (‘group I’) includes Ophiuros bombaiensis, and is characterized by a single‐awned lower glume and a base chromosome number of 6; it grows in low elevation coastal areas. The other clade (‘group II’) has a double‐awned lower glume, a base chromosome number of 7, and is restricted to higher elevation lateritic plateaus; G. ratnagirica may belong to the group II clade, or may be a third distinct lineage in the genus. A sister‐group relationship between group I and II taxa (with or without G. ratnagirica) is not well supported, although the genus is recovered as monophyletic in shortest trees inferred using ITS or concatenated plastid data. We present a key to species of Glyphochloa and make a new combination for O. bombaiensis.
Increasing aortic stiffness is predictive of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Rio‐T2DM cohort study
Authors: Leite Nathalie C. , Villela‐Nogueira Cristiane A. , Ferreira Marcel T. , Cardoso Claudia R. L. , Salles Gil F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and advanced stages of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim was to evaluate the association between aortic stiffness, a preclinical CVD marker, with advanced liver fibrosis identified by transient elastography (TE) in T2DM outpatients with NAFLD.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 291 T2DM patients with NAFLD detected by ultrasonography, who had two carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV) measurements and a TE examination (Fibroscan®) performed over a median follow‐up of 7 years. Advanced liver fibrosis (corresponding to ≥ F3 stage) was considered as median values >7.9 kPa (M probe) or >7.2 kPa (XL probe). Increased aortic stiffness was defined as cf‐PWV >10 m/s.ResultsEighty patients (27.5%) had advanced liver fibrosis. Overall, there was an increase in cf‐PWV of 0.1 m/s/year (1% per year). Both a high aortic stiffness at the 2nd cf‐PWV examination [odds ratios (OR): 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3–7.2; P = 0.011] and a serial increase in aortic stiffness (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0–4.3; P = 0.046) were associated with increased odds of having advanced liver fibrosis. Patients who presented either an increase in aortic stiffness or persisted with high values had significantly higher mean liver stiffness than those who either decreased aortic stiffness or persisted with normal cf‐PWV values (mean difference: 2.1 kPa, 95% CI: 0.5–3.7 kPa, P = 0.012), after adjustments for anthropometric‐demographic and clinical laboratory covariates.ConclusionsIn T2DM patients with NAFLD, a high or increasing aortic stiffness predicted development of advanced liver fibrosis on TE.
Resource base influences genome‐wideDNAmethylation levels in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Lea Amanda J. , Altmann Jeanne , Alberts Susan C. , Tung Jenny 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVariation in resource availability commonly exerts strong effects on fitness‐related traits in wild animals. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects, or about their persistence over time. To address these questions, we profiled genome‐wide whole‐bloodDNAmethylation levels in two sets of wild baboons: (i) ‘wild‐feeding’ baboons that foraged naturally in a savanna environment and (ii) ‘Lodge’ baboons that had ready access to spatially concentrated human food scraps, resulting in high feeding efficiency and low daily travel distances. We identified 1014 sites (0.20% of sites tested) that were differentially methylated between wild‐feeding and Lodge baboons, providing the first evidence that resource availability shapes the epigenome in a wild mammal. Differentially methylated sites tended to occur in contiguous stretches (i.e., in differentially methylated regions orDMRs), in promoters and enhancers, and near metabolism‐related genes, supporting their functional importance in gene regulation. In agreement, reporter assay experiments confirmed that methylation at the largest identifiedDMR, located in the promoter of a key glycolysis‐related gene, was sufficient to causally drive changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, all dispersing males carried a consistent epigenetic signature of their membership in a wild‐feeding group, regardless of whether males dispersed into or out of this group as adults. Together, our findings support a role forDNAmethylation in mediating ecological effects on phenotypic traits in the wild and emphasize the dynamic environmental sensitivity ofDNAmethylation levels across the life course.
Drift, not selection, shapes toll‐like receptor variation among oceanic island populations
Authors: Gonzalez‐Quevedo Catalina , Spurgin Lewis G. , Illera Juan Carlos , Richardson David S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the relative role of different evolutionary forces in shaping the level and distribution of functional genetic diversity among natural populations is a key issue in evolutionary and conservation biology. To do so accurately genetic data must be analysed in conjunction with an unambiguous understanding of the historical processes that have acted upon the populations. Here, we focused on diversity at toll‐like receptor (TLR) loci, which play a key role in the vertebrate innate immune system and, therefore, are expected to be under pathogen‐mediated selection. We assessed TLR variation within and among 13 island populations (grouped into three archipelagos) of Berthelot's pipit, Anthus berthelotii, for which detailed population history has previously been ascertained. We also compared the variation observed with that found in its widespread sister species, the tawny pipit, Anthus campestris. We found strong evidence for positive selection at specific codons in TLR1LA, TLR3 and TLR4. Despite this, we found that at the allele frequency level, demographic history has played the major role in shaping patterns of TLR variation in Berthelot's pipit. Levels of diversity and differentiation within and across archipelagos at all TLR loci corresponded very closely with neutral microsatellite variation and with the severity of the bottlenecks that occurred during colonization. Our study shows that despite the importance of TLRs in combating pathogens, demography can be the main driver of immune gene variation within and across populations, resulting in patterns of functional variation that can persist over evolutionary timescales.