bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Logic of Legitimacy: Ethics in Political Realism
Authors: Sigwart Hans-Jörg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe article examines the recent debate on a genuinely realist perspective in political philosophy and argues that the core idea of realism is a certain type of ethical theory. In spite of the notorious polemic against “moralism” in politics that is characteristic of realist thinkers since Machiavelli, political realism as put forth in the current debate is not to be understood as a strictly fact-oriented perspective on politics, but rather as a perspective that itself is founded on a theory of political ethics. This peculiarly realist theory of political ethics can be characterized by its focus on the theoretical importance of political application problems, by a genuine priority principle underlying its understanding of political ethics, by its distinctive understanding of the concept of legitimacy and, finally, by its claim that any form of ethics, as far as it is concerned with political questions, is necessarily ambivalent in character.
The Mongol Empire – the first ‘gunpowder empire’?
Authors: HAW STEPHEN G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article uses Chinese sources to argue that a range of gunpowder weapons was already in use in China during the late tenth and early eleventh centuries, earlier than previously thought. ‘True firearms’, that is cannon or guns firing solid projectiles, had quite probably been developed by at least as early as 1200ce.
Attachment style, social support and finding meaning among spouses of colorectal cancer patients: Gender differences
Authors: Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Goldzweig Gil , Sela-Oren Tal , Pizem Noam , Bar-Sela Gil , Wolf Ido 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:The current study explores the relationship between attachment styles, social support, gender and finding meaning in caregiving among spousal caregivers of colorectal cancer patients.Methods:Sixty caregivers (30 men and 30 women) were administered questionnaires assessing attachment styles, social support and finding meaning in caregiving, using a cross-sectional design.Results:For male caregivers avoidance attachment is associated with their finding meaning, whereas for female caregivers social support is associated with their finding meaning.Significance of results:Psychological interventions for caregivers should take into consideration gender differences and might benefit from addressing the process of finding meaning in caregiving.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Schirmbeck Frederike , Zink Mathias 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are a common phenomenon in patients with schizophrenia and are associated with additional clinical and functional impairments. So far treatment approaches have been limited to mainly pharmacological interventions with restricted effectiveness. Because cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is considered treatment of first choice for patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it seems compelling to consider it as a treatment option for comorbid OCS in schizophrenia. This research was conducted in order to investigate the theoretical and empirical basis for CBT in the treatment of comorbid OCS/OCD in schizophrenia. A comprehensive review and analysis of published literature was performed. Outcome measures from case-reports and a case-series showed favourable results with a significant reduction of symptom severity in 24/30 patients treated with CBT and exposure and response prevention (ERP) or ERP alone. CBT appears to offer a valuable opportunity to reduce symptom severity in this highly impaired group of patients. Based on these results and with a strong focus on tolerability concerns, suggestions for possible CBT approaches for the comorbid group are proposed. Further research within this field and systematic clinical evaluations are highly desirable.
Concurrent inhibition of enzymatic activity and NF-Y-mediated transcription of Topoisomerase-IIα by bis-DemethoxyCurcumin in cancer cells
Authors: Belluti S , Basile V , Benatti P , Ferrari E , Marverti G , Imbriano C 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTopoisomerases-IIα (TOP2A) enzyme is essential for cell viability due to its fundamental role in DNA metabolism and in chromatin organization during interphase and mitosis. TOP2A expression is finely regulated at the transcriptional level through the binding of the CCAAT-transcription factor NF-Y to its promoter. Overexpression and/or amplification of TOP2A have been observed in many types of cancers. For this reason, TOP2A is the target of the most widely successful drugs in cancer chemotherapy, such as TOP2A poisons, which stabilize TOP2A-DNA cleavage complexes and create DSBs, leading to chromosome damage and cell death. We previously reported that the Curcumin-derivative bis-DemethoxyCurcumin (bDMC) is an anti-proliferative agent that inhibits cell growth by concomitant G1/S and G2/M arrest. Here we showed that bDMC irreversibly induces DSBs in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, by targeting TOP2A activity and expression. TOP2A ablation by siRNA corroborates its contribution to apoptosis induced by bDMC. Short-term exposure to bDMC induces retention of TOP2A-DNA intermediates, while longer exposure inhibits TOP2A transcription by affecting expression and sub-cellular localization of NF-Y subunits. ChIP analysis highlighted reduced recruitment of NF-Y to TOP2A regulatory regions, concomitantly to histone deacetylation and decreased gene transcription. Our findings suggest that the dual activity of bDMC on TOP2A represents a novel therapeutic strategy to induce persistent apoptosis in cancer cells and identify NF-Y regulation as a promising approach in anti-cancer therapy.
A mechanism for epithelial–mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance in breast cancer triggered by zinc channel ZIP6 and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)
Authors: Hogstrand Christer , Kille Peter , Ackland Margaret Leigh , Hiscox Stephen , Taylor Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2013

Genes involved in normal developmental processes attract attention as mediators of tumour progression as they facilitate migration of tumour cells. EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), an essential part of embryonic development, tissue remodelling and wound repair, is crucial for tumour metastasis. Previously, zinc transporter ZIP6 [SLC39A6; solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 6; also known as LIV-1) was linked to EMT in zebrafish gastrulation through a STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) mechanism, resulting in nuclear localization of transcription factor Snail. In the present study, we show that zinc transporter ZIP6 is transcriptionally induced by STAT3 and unprecedented among zinc transporters, and is activated by N-terminal cleavage which triggers ZIP6 plasma membrane location and zinc influx. This zinc influx inactivates GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β), either indirectly or directly via Akt or GSK-3β respectively, resulting in activation of Snail, which remains in the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin (epithelial cadherin), CDH1, causing cell rounding and detachment. This was mirrored by ZIP6-transfected cells which underwent EMT, detached from monolayers and exhibited resistance to anoikis by their ability to continue proliferating even after detachment. Our results indicate a causative role for ZIP6 in cell motility and migration, providing ZIP6 as a new target for prediction of clinical cancer spread and also suggesting a ZIP6-dependent mechanism of tumour metastasis.
Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predict Nonword Repetition Abilities
Authors: Krishnan Saloni , Alcock Katherine J. , Mercure Evelyne , Leech Robert , Barker Edward , Karmiloff-Smith Annette , Dick Frederic 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
Pronouncing a novel word for the first time requires the transformation of a newly encoded speech signal into a series of coordinated, exquisitely timed oromotor movements. Individual differences in children's ability to repeat novel nonwords are associated with vocabulary development and later literacy. Nonword repetition (NWR) is often used to test clinical populations. While phonological/auditory memory contributions to learning and pronouncing nonwords have been extensively studied, much less is known about the contribution of children's oromotor skills to this process.

Method

Two independent cohorts of children (7–13 years [
N
= 40] and 6.9–7.7 years [
N
= 37]) were tested on a battery of linguistic and nonlinguistic tests, including NWR and oromotor tasks.

Results
In both cohorts, individual differences in oromotor control were a significant contributor to NWR abilities; moreover, in an omnibus analysis including experimental and standardized tasks, oromotor control predicted the most unique variance in NWR.

Conclusion
Results indicate that nonlinguistic oromotor skills contribute to children's NWR ability and suggest that important aspects of language learning and consequent language deficits may be rooted in the ability to perform complex sensorimotor transformations.
Kinematic Parameters of Signed Verbs
Authors: Malaia Evie , Wilbur Ronnie B. , Milković Marina 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
Sign language users recruit physical properties of visual motion to convey linguistic information. Research on American Sign Language (ASL) indicates that signers systematically use kinematic features (e.g., velocity, deceleration) of dominant hand motion for distinguishing specific semantic properties of verb classes in production (Malaia & Wilbur, 2012a) and process these distinctions as part of the phonological structure of these verb classes in comprehension (Malaia, Ranaweera, Wilbur, & Talavage, 2012). These studies are driven by the event visibility hypothesis by Wilbur (2003), who proposed that such use of kinematic features should be universal to sign language (SL) by the grammaticalization of physics and geometry for linguistic purposes. In a prior motion capture study, Malaia and Wilbur (2012a) lent support for the event visibility hypothesis in ASL, but there has not been quantitative data from other SLs to test the generalization to other languages.

Method

The authors investigated the kinematic parameters of predicates in Croatian Sign Language (
Hrvatskom Znakovnom Jeziku
[HZJ]).

Results
Kinematic features of verb signs were affected both by event structure of the predicate (semantics) and phrase position within the sentence (prosody).

Conclusion
The data demonstrate that kinematic features of motion in HZJ verb signs are recruited to convey morphological and prosodic information. This is the first crosslinguistic motion capture confirmation that specific kinematic properties of articulator motion are grammaticalized in other SLs to express linguistic features.
Community‐based efforts to prevent obesity: Australia‐wide survey of projects
Authors: Nichols Melanie S. , Reynolds Rebecca C. , Waters Elizabeth , Gill Timothy , King Lesley , Swinburn Boyd A. , Allender Steven 
Published: August 2013

Issues addressedCommunity‐based programs that affect healthy environments and policies have emerged as an effective response to high obesity levels in populations. Apart from limited individual reports, little is currently known about these programs, limiting the potential to provide effective support, to promote effective practice, prevent adverse outcomes and disseminate intervention results and experience. The aim of the present study was to identify the size and reach of current community‐based obesity prevention projects in Australia and to examine their characteristics, program features (e.g. intervention setting), capacity and approach to obesity prevention.MethodsDetailed survey completed by representatives from community‐based obesity prevention initiatives in Australia.ResultsThere was wide variation in funding, capacity and approach to obesity prevention among the 78 participating projects. Median annual funding was Au$94 900 (range Au$2500‐$4.46 million). The most common intervention settings were schools (39%). Forty per cent of programs focused on a population group of 50 000 people. A large proportion of respondents felt that they did not have sufficient resources or staff training to achieve project objectives.ConclusionCommunity‐based projects currently represent a very large investment by both government and non‐government sectors for the prevention of obesity. Existing projects are diverse in size and scope, and reach large segments of the population. Further work is needed to identify the full extent of existing community actions and to monitor their reach and future ‘scale up’ to ensure that future activities aim for effective integration into systems, policies and environments.So what?Community‐based programs make a substantial contribution to the prevention of obesity and promotion of healthy lifestyles in Australia. A risk of the current intervention landscape is that effective approaches may go unrecognised due to lack of effective evaluations or limitations in program design, duration or size. Policy makers and researchers must recognise the potential contribution of these initiatives, to both public health and knowledge generation, and provide support for strong evaluation and sustainable intervention designs.
An Evaluation of Harvest Control Rules for Data-Poor Fisheries
Authors: Wiedenmann John , Wilberg Michael J. , Miller Thomas J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
For federally managed fisheries in the USA, National Standard 1 requires that an acceptable biological catch be set for all fisheries and that this catch avoid overfishing. Achieving this goal for data-poor stocks, for which stock assessments are not possible, is particularly challenging. A number of harvest control rules have very recently been developed to set sustainable catches in data-poor fisheries, but the ability of most of these rules to avoid overfishing has not been tested. We conducted a management strategy evaluation to assess several control rules proposed for data-poor situations. We examined three general life histories (“slow,” “medium,” and “fast”) and three exploitation histories (under-, fully, and overexploited) to identify control rules that balance the competing objectives of avoiding overfishing and maintaining high levels of harvest. Many of the control rules require information on species life history and relative abundance, so we explored a scenario in which unbiased knowledge was used in the control rule and one in which highly inflated estimates of stock biomass were used. Our analyses showed that no single control rule performed well across all scenarios, with those that performed well in the unbiased scenario performing poorly in the biased scenarios and vice versa. Only the most conservative data-poor control rules limited the probability of overfishing across most of the life history and exploitation scenarios explored, but these rules typically required very conservative catches under the unbiased scenarios.
Received June 22, 2012; accepted May 22, 2013
Accelerating the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method for nonlinear equations
Authors: Fan Jinyan 
Published: August 2013

In this paper we propose an accelerated version of the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method for nonlinear equations (see Jinyan Fan, Mathematics of Computation 81 (2012), no. 277, 447–466). The original version uses the addition of the LM step and the approximate LM step as the trial step at every iteration, and achieves the cubic convergence under the local error bound condition which is weaker than nonsingularity. The notable differences of the accelerated modified LM method from the modified LM method are that we introduce the line search for the approximate LM step and extend the LM parameter to more general cases. The convergence order of the new method is shown to be a continuous function with respect to the LM parameter. We compare it with both the LM method and the modified LM method; on the benchmark problems we observe competitive performance.
Do Neighborhood Parks and Playgrounds Reduce Childhood Obesity?
Authors: Fan Maoyong , Jin Yanhong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUsing the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health data, we find a statistically and economically significant effect of neighborhood parks and playgrounds on childhood obesity based on covariate matching estimators. The park/playground effect depends on gender, age, race, household income, neighborhood safety, and other neighborhood amenities. The results suggest that adding a neighborhood park/playground may reduce the obesity rate and make children more fit, but relevant interventions must consider socioeconomic status of the targeted children as well as other neighborhood amenities.
OncoSNP-SEQ: a statistical approach for the identification of somatic copy number alterations from next-generation sequencing of cancer genomes
Authors: Yau Christopher 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Summary: Recent major cancer genome sequencing studies have used whole-genome sequencing to detect various types of genomic variation. However, a number of these studies have continued to rely on SNP array information to provide additional results for copy number and loss-of-heterozygosity estimation and assessing tumour purity. OncoSNP-SEQ is a statistical model-based approach for inferring copy number profiles directly from high-coverage whole genome sequencing data that is able to account for unknown tumour purity and ploidy.
Availability: MATLAB code is available at the following URL: https://sites.google.com/site/oncosnpseq/.
Contact: c.yau@imperial.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
nCal: an R package for non-linear calibration
Authors: Fong Youyi , Sebestyen Krisztian , Yu Xuesong , Gilbert Peter , Self Steve 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Summary: Non-linear calibration is a widely used method for quantifying biomarkers wherein concentration-response curves estimated using samples of known concentrations are used to predict the biomarker concentrations in the samples of interest. The R package nCal fills an important gap in the open source, stand-alone software for performing non-linear calibration. For curve fitting, nCal provides a new implementation of a robust, Bayesian hierarchical five-parameter logistic model. nCal supports a simple graphical user interface that can be used by laboratory scientists, and contains functionality for importing data from the multiplex bead array assay instrumentation.
Availability: The R package ‘nCal’ is available from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/nCal/ under GPL-2 or later.
Contact: yfong@fhcrc.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary information is available in the form of an R package vignette at the above repository and an FAQ at http://research.fhcrc.org/youyifong/en/resources/ncal.html.
Risk measurement framework
Authors: Yeung Ruth M.W. , Yee Wallace M.S. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeAdapting from the extant literature, this paper aims to present an empirical framework of risk measurement in the context of food safety risk in overseas destinations.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 715 respondents visiting Macau in October 2008 by using intercept method. Principal component analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis were utilised for data analysis.FindingsThe research yielded 12 factors, of which five factors, namely Dread, Framing effect, Controllable, Regulation and Past experience measure risk characteristics; two factors, namely Uncertainty and Consequence measure tourist risk perception, and five factors, namely Travel information, Safety assurance, Destination reputation, Marketing activities and Precaution measure risk reduction, especially related to food safety risk in international destinations.Practical implicationsThe tourist industry should understand more specifically what tourists want to know so as to devise appropriate communication management strategies at the international destination.Originality/valueThe risk measurement framework provides an insight for the development of an instrument to assess the social and economic impact on tourist perception of international travel risk.
COO labeling as a tool for pepper differentiation in Germany
Authors: Klöckner Heike , Langen Nina , Hartmann Monika 
Published: August 2013

PurposeCountry of Origin (COO) labeling has been shown in several studies to be an important extrinsic cue for consumers in their quality evaluation of food products such as olive oil, wine or tea. COO has not been discussed in the context of pepper; however pepper's quality highly depends on the heritage. This paper aims to explore this aspect.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in an organic grocery store in Bonn, Germany. The first part of the face to face interviews at the point‐of‐sale were carried out for understanding consumers' attitudes towards different extrinsic quality cues. The second part covered the product‐country‐image of pepper as well as consumers' knowledge regarding COO and pepper quality. Third, the contingent valuation method is used to analyze organic consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). Fourth a blind‐tasting of black pepper from different origins and production methods was conducted.FindingsThe study reveals that organic consumers are able to experience taste differences due to COO though only a minority expects those taste differences. Thus, also concerned and involved consumers are not sufficiently informed on COO information to rely on their purchase decision of pepper. As a result consumers are not willing to pay a significant higher price for COO labeled pepper.Originality/valueThis study is the first which combines face‐to‐face interviews regarding attitudes, image and knowledge with a blind tasting of pepper and an investigation of consumers' WTP for pepper from different origins and processing characteristics.
Left isn't always right: placement of pictorial and textual package elements
Authors: Otterbring Tobias , Shams Poja , Wästlund Erik , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the positioning of textual and pictorial design elements on a package affects visual attention (detection time) toward these element types.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a 3×2 (stimulus×location) between‐subjects design. One pictorial and two textual package elements, located on the top right‐ or top left‐hand side of a package, were used as stimuli. Visual attention was measured by eye‐tracking. A total of 199 university students participated. The data were analysed using a two‐way ANOVA and a Pearson's chi‐square analysis with standardised residuals.FindingsThe results show that in order to receive the most direct attention, textual elements should be on the left‐hand side of a package, whereas pictorial elements should be on the right‐hand side. This is inconsistent with previous design directions (based on recall), suggesting the opposite element organisation.Originality/valuePrevious research has focused on recall (whether respondents remember having seen package elements) or preference (whether respondents prefer a package based on element positioning). The focus of the present study determined whether respondents actually saw the different elements on a package, and how long it took them to detect such elements. Detection time for certain element types can be viewed as a new and complementary way of evaluating the position of package elements. The paper also addresses whether preference is a result of easy information acquisition.