bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii in wild ruminants bred in game preserves and farms with production destined for human consumption in the Czech Republic.
Authors: Lorencova Alena , Lamka Jiri , Slany Michal 
Published: July 2015

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of the most common parasitic infection in humans. Almost all warm-blooded animals, as well as humans, can act as intermediate hosts that harbour infective cysts in their tissues. Felids act as definitive hosts excreting oocysts in faeces. In humans, T. gondii can cause subclinical infection but also severe clinical disease with a wide range of symptoms, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The infection is usually asymptomatic in animals and is not recognized at either ante- or post-mortem inspection. The consumption of undercooked meat from infected animals is one of the most important routes by which the infection can be transmitted to humans. Handling of the organs and other tissues of game animals and eating their undercooked meat have been described as a risk of T. gondii infection. For diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, the combination of serological and molecular methods has been described as a suitable approach. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 20.8%, 50.0%, 23.1%, and 24.4% of red deer, sika deer, fallow deer and mouflons, respectively, coming from game preserves and farms in the Czech Republic. T. gondii DNA was found in the muscle tissue of red deer (8.3%) and mouflons (14.6%). The lower prevalence rates based on molecular screening could be due to the random distribution and low density of cysts in tissues of infected animals. Bearing in mind the increase in the number of hunted animals and the growing trend in game consumption, it is important to educate hunters and game meat consumers about the risk of exposure to this zoonotic infection during handling and consumption of the meat.
PROBING THE POSTGELATION REACTIONS OF EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER CROSS-LINKED WITH DODECENYL SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: Mascia Leno , Russo Pietro , Verdolotti Letizia , Clarke Jane , Lavorgna Marino , Acierno Domenico 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Pregelled mixes of an epoxidized natural rubber, known as ENR50, containing dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) as cross-linking agent and dimethyl benzyl amine (DMBA) as catalyst, were cured isothermally at 160 °C, and the progress of the reactions was followed by both thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis [TGA]) and infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform near-infrared and attenuated total reflection). The curing reactions were found to be approximately first order for both heat of reaction associated with cross-linking and the disappearance of the epoxy groups, even though the reduction of epoxy group concentration was found to be substantially greater than the amount expected from reactions with the anhydride, because of the formation of large quantities of vicinal OH groups. The TGA data have indicated that the pregelled mixes undergo more extensive anaerobic degradation at higher temperatures than the un–cross-linked elastomer, which is accelerated by the presence of the DMBA catalyst.
WhatShouldBlacks Think When Jews Choose Whiteness?
Authors: Gordon Jane Anna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRevisiting James Baldwin's under-engaged contribution to heated debates over Black (Christian)-(white) Jewish relations in New York City in the late 1960s, “Blacks Are Anti-Semitic Because They Are Anti-White,” in what follows I explore the surprising ways in which two European Jewish women political theorists, Emma Goldman and Hannah Arendt, otherwise celebrated for their rigorous sobriety, enacted the very blindness that framed their Jewishness as a form of whiteness worthy of Baldwin's criticism. I close by considering the ways of envisioning being Jewish that we might build from Baldwin's reflections, ones that would, in enlarging the distance of Jewishness from whiteness, invite transformative brands of solidarity rather than specifically black forms of anti-Semitism. Ironically, this path would have entailed American Jews' becoming more fully themselves rather than indexing their advancement or flourishing through a white, Christian index. Put slightly differently, this essay turns backward to look forward, aiming to understand what I consider missed opportunities worth lamenting so we might proceed differently.
Love is Asymmetrical
Authors: Farred Grant 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This essay considers James Baldwin's The Fire Next Time as a philosophical contemplation on love. Drawing on sources such as the Bible, Jacques Derrida (from whom the notion of “asymmetrical love” derives), and a host of Baldwin critics, this essay understands the Christian love of The Fire Next Time as asymmetrical. The asymmetry of love derives from its understanding of love as the responsibility to Self and Other that demands no reciprocation. Asymmetrical love makes itself vulnerable before the Other and, most importantly, it is a love that risks itself absolutely by offering love to those who will do violence to the subject who gives love.
The Myth of the White Minority
Authors: Pierce Andrew J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In recent years, and especially in the wake of Barack Obama's reelection, projections that whites will soon become a minority have proliferated. In this essay, I will argue that such predictions are misleading at best, as they rest on questionable philosophical presuppositions, including the presupposition that racial concepts like ‘whiteness’ are static and unchanging rather than fluid and continually being reconstructed. If I am right about these fundamental inaccuracies, one must wonder why the myth of the white minority persists. I will argue that by reenvisioning whites as a minority culture struggling against a hostile dominant group, and by promoting white solidarity as a response to a (fabricated) crisis, such predictions actually serve to defend and legitimize white supremacy.
Reducing Misanthropic Memory Through Self-Awareness: Reducing Bias
Authors: Davis Mark D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
two experiments investigated the influence of self-awareness on misanthropic recall. misanthropic recall is the tendency to recall more negative behaviors dispositionally attributed and positive behaviors situationally attributed than negative behaviors situationally attributed and positive behaviors dispositionally attributed. it was hypothesized that when one is self-aware, more systematic information processing would occur, thereby reducing misanthropic memory and influencing attitudinal judgments. the first experiment used a mirror and the second experiment used a live video to induce self- awareness. Participants were asked to form an impression of a group. the results of both experiments replicated the previously found pattern of misanthropic memory for non– self- aware participants (ybarra & stephan, 1996), and revealed less misanthropic recall bias in self-aware participants.
Callosal Sensitivity to Short- Range Stimulus Orientation and Long- Range Stimulus Context Orientation: Tachistoscopic Evidence
Authors: Braun Claude M. J. , Achim André , Roberge Carl , Gauvin Geoffrey 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
To study local– global relationships in interhemispheric interactions, tachistoscopically presented pairs of lines (1.15°) were compared for their relative orientation by 48 neurotypical adults. orientations of line stimuli (local aspect of the task) were vertical, horizontal, forward slash or backslash, as were those of the interstimulus axes. the latter created a global context that could influence line discrimination. stimulus pairs were presented within a field (not requiring callosal participation for line orientation comparison) or one on each side of the visual field meridian (requiring callosal participation). the primary purpose of the design was to determine whether local or global violations of stimulus “homotopy” across the meridian would impose costs of interhemispheric integration. the rationale for this expectation is that the fiber projection of the corpus callosum is highly symmetric across the midsagittal plane (i.e., homotopic). the expected “callosal homotopy” effect was significantly upheld as a whole but broke down or became extravagant in certain specific conditions, with specific costs of interhemispheric integration varying from null to a highly significant 20- ms as a function of interactions of interstimulus and stimulus orientations. the corpus callosum seems to be particularly sensitive to local stimulus orientation in interaction with long- range stimulus context orientation.
Pašarinio papildo kaolino E 559 poveikis telyčių augimui, vystymuisi ir reprodukcijai
Authors: Kardišauskas Arvydas , Kregždytė Rima 
Published: July 2015

Telyčių augintojų ūkinės veiklos ekonominis efektyvumas priklauso ne tik nuo optimalių jų augimo, vystymosi rodiklių, bet ir reprodukcinių gyvulio savybių. Darbo tikslas – ištirti kaolino E 559 poveikį telyčių augimui, vystymuisi ir reprodukcijai. Tikslui pasiekti buvo sudarytos dvi Lietuvos juodmargių galvijų veislės veršelių grupės (kontrolinė ir bandomoji) po penkiolika vienetų. Bandymas vykdytas dviem etapais – nuo 2012 m. kovo iki 2014 m. vasario mėnesio. Pirmasis etapas – nuo veršelio 5 gimimo dienos iki 12 mėnesių amžiaus. Šiame etape buvo tiriamas telyčių augimas ir vystymasis, antrajame etape – apsivaisinimas. Telyčios buvo auginamos viename tvarte ir vienodomis sąlygomis, tik bandomajai grupei papildomai buvo duodama kaolino (100 kg koncentruotų pašarų + 2,5 kg kaolino). Bandomosios grupės vidutinis veršelių priesvoris buvo 3,58 % didesnis nei kontrolinės (p > 0,05), bendras priaugimas – didesnis 3,96 % (p > 0,05), didesnis hemoglobino 27 g/l (p > 0,05) ir gliukozės 0,41 mmol/l (p < 0,05) kiekis kraujyje. Bandomosios grupės telyčios 2,4 % geriau apsivaisino (p > 0,05) ir vienu mėnesiu anksčiau apsiveršiavo nei kontrolinės grupės telyčios (p > 0,05).
Water‐rich bending faults at the Middle America Trench
Authors: Naif Samer , Key Kerry , Constable Steven , Evans Rob L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe portion of the Central American margin that encompasses Nicaragua is considered to represent an end‐member system where multiple lines of evidence point to a substantial flux of subducted fluids. The seafloor spreading fabric of the incoming Cocos plate is oriented parallel to the trench such that flexural bending at the outer rise optimally reactivates a dense network of normal faults that extend several kilometers into the upper mantle. Bending faults are thought to provide fluid pathways that lead to serpentinization of the upper mantle. While geophysical anomalies detected beneath the outer rise have been interpreted as broad crustal and upper mantle hydration, no observational evidence exists to confirm that bending faults behave as fluid pathways. Here we use seafloor electromagnetic data collected across the Middle America Trench (MAT) offshore of Nicaragua to create a comprehensive electrical resistivity image that illuminates the infiltration of seawater along bending faults. We quantify porosity from the resistivity with Archie's law and find that our estimates for the abyssal plain oceanic crust are in good agreement with independent observations. As the Cocos crust traverses the outer rise, the porosity of the dikes and gabbros progressively increase from 2.7% and 0.7% to 4.8% and 1.7%, peaking within 20 km of the trench axis. We conclude that the intrusive crust subducts twice as much pore water as previously thought, significantly raising the flux of fluid to the seismogenic zone and the mantle wedge.
Representing Greenland ice sheet freshwater fluxes in climate models
Authors: Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Le Bars Dewi , van Kampenhout Leo , Vizcaino Miren , Enderlin Ellyn M. , van den Broeke Michiel R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHere we present a long‐term (1850–2200) best estimate of Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) freshwater runoff that improves spatial detail of runoff locations and temporal resolution. Ice discharge is taken from observations since 2000 and assumed constant in time. Surface meltwater runoff is retrieved from regional climate model output for the recent past and parameterized for the future based on significant correlations between runoff and midtropospheric (500 hPa) summer temperature changes over the GrIS. The simplicity of this approach enables assimilation of meltwater runoff into coupled climate models, which is demonstrated here in a case study with the medium‐resolution (1°) Community Earth System Model. The model results suggest that the decrease in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is dominated by warming of the surface ocean and enhanced GrIS freshwater forcing leads to a slightly enhanced (−1.2 sverdrup in the 21st century) weakening of the AMOC.
Assessment of thermal change in cold avalanching glaciers in relation to climate warming
Authors: Gilbert A. , Vincent C. , Gagliardini O. , Krug J. , Berthier E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHigh‐elevation glaciers covered by cold firn are undergoing substantial warming in response to ongoing climate change. This warming is affecting the ice/rock interface temperature, the primary driver of avalanching glacier instability on steep slopes. Prediction of future potential instability therefore requires appropriate modeling of the thermal evolution of these glaciers. Application of a state‐of‐the‐art model to a glacier in the French Alps (Taconnaz) has provided the first evaluation of the temperature evolution of a cold hanging glacier through this century. Our observations and three‐dimensional modeling of the glacier response (velocity, thickness, temperature, density, and water content) to climate change indicate that Taconnaz glacier will become temperate and potentially unstable over a large area by the end of the 21st century. The risk induced by this glacier hazard is high for the populated region below and makes observation and modeling of such glaciers a priority.
Human‐caused fires limit convection in tropical Africa: First temporal observations and attribution
Authors: Tosca M. G. , Diner D. J. , Garay M. J. , Kalashnikova O. V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is well established that smoke particles modify clouds, which in turn affects climate. However, no study has quantified the temporal dynamics of aerosol‐cloud interactions with direct observations. Here for the first time, we use temporally offset satellite observations from northern Africa between 2006 and 2010 to quantitatively measure the effect of fire aerosols on convective cloud dynamics. We attribute a reduction in cloud fraction during periods of high aerosol optical depths to a smoke‐driven inhibition of convection. We find that higher smoke burdens limit upward vertical motion, increase surface pressure, and increase low‐level divergence—meteorological indicators of convective suppression. These results are corroborated by climate simulations that show a smoke‐driven increase in regionally averaged shortwave tropospheric heating and decrease in convective precipitation during the fire season. Our results suggest that in tropical regions, anthropogenic fire initiates a positive feedback loop where increased aerosol emissions limit convection, dry the surface, and enable increased fire activity via human ignition.
A self‐consistent model of helium in the thermosphere
Authors: Sutton Eric K. , Thayer Jeffrey P. , Wang Wenbin , Solomon Stanley C. , Liu Xianjing , Foster Benjamin T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have found that consideration of neutral helium as a major species leads to a more complete physics‐based modeling description of the Earth's upper thermosphere. An augmented version of the composition equation employed by the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) is presented, enabling the inclusion of helium as the fourth major neutral constituent. Exospheric transport acting above the upper boundary of the model is considered, further improving the local time and latitudinal distributions of helium. The new model successfully simulates a previously observed phenomenon known as the “winter helium bulge,” yielding behavior very similar to that of an empirical model based on mass spectrometer observations. This inclusion has direct consequence on the study of atmospheric drag for low‐Earth‐orbiting satellites, as well as potential implications on exospheric and topside ionospheric research.
Variation of Jupiter's aurora observed by Hisaki/EXCEED: 2. Estimations of auroral parameters and magnetospheric dynamics
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Kimura Tomoki , Badman Sarah V. , André Nicolas , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Murakami Go , Yoshioka Kazuo , Yoshikawa Ichiro , Yamazaki Atsushi , Fujimoto Masaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractJupiter's auroral parameters are estimated from observations by a spectrometer EXCEED (Extreme Ultraviolet Spectroscope for Exospheric Dynamics) on board Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's Earth‐orbiting planetary space telescope Hisaki. EXCEED provides continuous auroral spectra covering the wavelength range over 80–148 nm from the whole northern polar region. The auroral electron energy is estimated using a hydrocarbon color ratio adopted for the wavelength range of EXCEED, and the emission power in the long wavelength range 138.5–144.8 nm is used as an indicator of total emitted power before hydrocarbon absorption and auroral electron energy flux. The quasi‐continuous observations by Hisaki provide the auroral electron parameters and their relation under different auroral activity levels. Short‐ (within < one planetary rotation) and long‐term (> one planetary rotation) enhancements of auroral power accompany increases of the electron number flux rather than the electron energy variations. The relationships between the auroral electron energy (~70–400 keV) and flux (1026–1027/s, 0.08–0.9 μA/m2) estimated from the observations over a 40 day interval are in agreement with field‐aligned acceleration theory when incorporating probable magnetospheric parameters. Applying the electron acceleration theory to each observation point, we explore the magnetospheric source plasma variation during these power‐enhanced events. Possible scenarios to explain the derived variations are (i) an adiabatic variation of the magnetospheric plasma under a magnetospheric compression and/or plasma injection, and (ii) a change of the dominant auroral component from the main emission (main aurora) to the emission at the open‐closed boundary.
Source inversion of the 1570 Ferrara earthquake and definitive diversion of the Po River (Italy)
Authors: Sirovich L. , Pettenati F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn 11‐parameter, kinematic‐function (KF) model was used to retrieve the approximate geometrical and kinematic characteristics of the fault source of the 1570Mw5.8 Ferrara earthquake in the Po Plain, including the double‐couple orientation (strike angle 127 ± 16°, dip 28 ± 7°, and rake 77 ± 16°). These results are compatible with either the outermost thrust fronts of the northern Apennines, which are buried beneath the Po Plain's alluvial deposits, or the blind crustal‐scale thrust. The 1570 event developed to the ENE of the two main shocks on 20 May 2012 (M6.1) and 29 May 2012 (M5.9). The three earthquakes had similar kinematics and are found 20–30 km from each other en echelon in the buried chain. Geomorphological and historical evidence exist which suggest the following: (i) the long‐lasting uplift of the buried Apenninic front shifted the central part of the course of the Po River approximately 20 km northward in historical times and (ii) the 1570 earthquake marked the definitive diversion of the final part of the Po River away from Ferrara and the closure of the Po delta 40 km south of its present position.
Three‐dimensional geometry of axial magma chamber roof and faults at Lucky Strike volcano on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Combier Violaine , Seher Tim , Singh Satish C. , Crawford Wayne C. , Cannat Mathilde , Escartín Javier , Dusunur Doga 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present results from three‐dimensional (3‐D) processing of seismic reflection data, acquired in June 2005 over the Lucky Strike volcano on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge as a part of the Seismic Study for Monitoring of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge survey. We use a 3‐D tomographic velocity model derived from a coincident ocean bottom seismometer experiment to depth convert the poststack time‐migrated seismic volume and provide 3‐D geometry of the axial magma chamber roof, fault reflectors, and layer 2A gradient marker. We also generate a high‐resolution bathymetric map using the seismic reflection data. The magma chamber roof is imaged at 3.4 ± 0.4 km depth beneath the volcano, and major faults are imaged with dips ranging between 33° and 50°. The magma chamber roof geometry is consistent with a focused melt supply at the segment center and steep across‐axis thermal gradients as indicated by the proximity between the magma chamber and nearby faults. Fault scarps on the seafloor and fault dip at depth indicate that tectonic extension accounts for at least 10% of the total plate separation. Shallow dipping reflectors imaged in the upper crust beneath the volcano flanks are interpreted as buried lava flow surfaces.
Gaussian translation operator in a multilevel scheme
Authors: Hansen Thorkild B. , Borries Oscar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA multilevel computation scheme for time‐harmonic fields in three dimensions will be formulated with a new Gaussian translation operator that decays exponentially outside a circular cone centered on the line connecting the source and observation groups. This Gaussian translation operator is directional and diagonal with its sharpness determined by a beam parameter. When the beam parameter is set to zero, the Gaussian translation operator reduces to the standard fast multipole method translation operator. The directionality of the Gaussian translation operator makes it possible to reduce the number of plane waves required to achieve a given accuracy. The sampling rate can be determined straightforwardly to achieve any desired accuracy. The use of the computation scheme will be illustrated through a near‐field scanning problem where the far‐field pattern of a source is determined from near‐field measurements with a known probe. Here the Gaussian translation operator improves the condition number of the matrix equation that determines the far‐field pattern. The Gaussian translation operator can also be used when the probe pattern is known only in one hemisphere, as is common in practice. Also, the Gaussian translation operator will be used to solve the scattering problem of the perfectly conducting sphere.