bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR200c targets IRS1 and suppresses prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Su Wenjing , Xu Miao , Chen Xueqin , Nie Ling , Chen Ni , Gong Jing , Zhang Mengni , Su Zhengzheng , Huang Lei , Zhou Qiao 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe downregulation of the tumor suppressor miR200c plays important roles in many malignant tumors. This study aims to show that miR200c is a posttranscriptional regulator of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and over‐expression of miR200c suppresses prostate cancer cell growth.MethodsBioinformatics analysis was used to show potential post‐translational regulation of IRS1 by miR200c. Dual reporter gene assays were chosen to test the binding of miR200c to the potential seed sequences in IRS1 3′UTR. RT‐PCR, Q‐PCR and western blot were applied to determine the regulation effect of miR200c on IRS1. CCK8 assay, soft agar assay, trypan blue exclusion assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure the biological effects of miR200c on prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.ResultsThe 449–455 nt, 3061–3067 nt, and 3096–3102 nt of the IRS1 3′‐UTR were identified as three potential seed sequences for miR200c. MiR200c directly binds to IRS1 through the seed sequences in IRS1 3′‐UTR. Artificial overexpression of miR200c significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of IRS1, together with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death of PC3 and DU145 cells.ConclusionsOur results suggest that miR200c plays crucial roles in prostate cancer by post‐transcriptional regulation of IRS1. The mir200c/IRS1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent prostate cancer cell growth. Prostate 75:855–862, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IL‐17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through CD44‐VCAM‐1 interaction
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhang Qiuyang , Liu Sen , Parajuli Keshab R. , Qu Yine , Mei Jiandong , Chen Zhiquan , Zhang Hui , Khismatullin Damir B. , You Zongbing 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDExtravasation is a critical step in cancer metastasis, in which adhesion of intravascular cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is controlled by cell surface adhesion molecules. The role of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), insulin, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in adhesion of prostate cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is unknown, which is the subject of the present study.METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3, DU‐145, LNCaP, and C4–2B) were analyzed for expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), integrins, and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The effects of IL‐17, insulin, and IGF1 on VCAM‐1 expression and adhesion of prostate cancer cells to HUVECs were examined. The interaction of VCAM‐1 and CD44 was assessed using immunoprecipitation assays.RESULTSInsulin and IGF1 acted with IL‐17 to increase VCAM‐1 expression in HUVECs. PC‐3, DU‐145, LNCaP, and C4–2B cells expressed β1 integrin but not α4 integrin. CD44 was expressed by PC‐3 and DU‐145 cells but not by LNCaP or C4–2B cells. When HUVECs were treated with IL‐17, insulin or IGF1, particularly with a combination of IL‐17 and insulin (or IGF1), adhesion of PC‐3 and DU‐145 cells to HUVECs was significantly increased. In contrast, adhesion of LNCaP and C4–2B cells to HUVECs was not affected by treatment of HUVECs with IL‐17 and/or insulin/IGF1. CD44 expressed in PC‐3 cells physically bound to VCAM‐1 expressed in HUVECs.CONCLUSIONSCD44‐VCAM‐1 interaction mediates the adhesion between prostate cancer cells and HUVECs. IL‐17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through increasing VCAM‐1 expression in the vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that IL‐17 may act with insulin/IGF1 to promote prostate cancer metastasis. Prostate 75:883–895, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resolving the structure of inner ear ribbon synapses with STED microscopy
Authors: Rutherford Mark A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSynapses are diverse in form and function; however, the mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood. To illuminate structure/function relationships, robust analysis of molecular composition and morphology is needed. The molecular‐anatomical components of synapses—vesicles, clusters of voltage‐gated ion channels in presynaptic densities, arrays of transmitter receptors in postsynaptic densities—are only tens to hundreds of nanometers in size. Measuring the topographies of synaptic proteins requires nanoscale resolution of their molecularly specific labels. Super‐resolution light microscopy has emerged to meet this need. Achieving 50 nm resolution in thick tissue, we employed stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to image the functionally and molecularly unique ribbon‐type synapses in the inner ear that connect mechano‐sensory inner hair cells to cochlear nerve fibers. Synaptic ribbons, bassoon protein, voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, and glutamate receptors are inhomogeneous in their spatial distributions within synapses; the protein clusters assume variations of shapes typical for each protein specifically at cochlear afferent synapses. Heterogeneity of substructure among these synapses may contribute to functional differences among auditory nerve fibers. The morphology of synaptic voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels matures over development in a way that depends upon bassoon protein, which aggregates in similar form. Functional properties of synaptic transmission appear to depend on voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel cluster morphology and position relative to synaptic vesicles. Super‐resolution light microscopy is a group of techniques that complement electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Although technical hurdles remain, we are beginning to resolve the details of molecular nanoanatomy that relate mechanistically to synaptic function. Synapse, 69:242–255, 2015. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resolving presynaptic structure by electron tomography
Authors: Perkins Guy A. , Jackson Dakota R. , Spirou George A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA key goal in neurobiology is to generate a theoretical framework that merges structural, physiological, and molecular explanations of brain function. These categories of explanation do not advance in synchrony; advances in one category define new experiments in other categories. For example, the synapse was defined physiologically and biochemically before it was visualized using electron microscopy. Indeed, the original descriptions of synapses in the 1950s were lent credence by the presence of spherical vesicles in presynaptic terminals that were considered to be the substrate for quantal neurotransmission. In the last few decades, our understanding of synaptic function has again been driven by physiological and molecular techniques. The key molecular players for synaptic vesicle structure, mobility and fusion were identified and applications of the patch clamp technique permitted physiological estimation of neurotransmitter release and receptor properties. These advances demand higher resolution structural images of synapses. During the 1990s a second renaissance in cell biology driven by EM was fueled by improved techniques for electron tomography (ET) with the ability to compute virtual images with nm resolution between image planes. Over the last 15 years, ET has been applied to the presynaptic terminal with special attention to the active zone and organelles of the nerve terminal. In this review, we first summarize the technical improvements that have led to a resurgence in utilization of ET and then we summarize new insights gained by the application of ET to reveal the high‐resolution structure of the nerve terminal. Synapse, 69:268–282, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preferential cytotoxicity of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo medicines against human pancreatic cancer PANC‐1 and PSN‐1 cells
Authors: Lee Sullim , Dibwe Dya F. , Li Feng , Morita Hiroyuki , Tezuka Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAimPancreatic cancer is the most aggressive cancer of all and has an exceptionally high global mortality rate, ranking seventh as the most frequent cause of cancer death. In order to identify an anti‐pancreatic cancer drug, we screened 24 crude drugs used in Kampo medicine for preferential cytotoxicity based on anti‐austerity strategy.MethodsPreferential cytotoxicity was determined by comparing the cytotoxicities against PANC‐1 and PSN‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells in normal medium (DMEM) and nutrient‐deprived medium. The extracts that showed potent activity were then examined for the mechanism of cell death on ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) double staining.ResultsAmong the 24 extracts examined, extract of andrographis herba (aerial part of Andrographis paniculata) had the most potent preferential cytotoxicity against both cell lines, with concentration at which 50% of cells died preferentially in NDM (PC50
) of 9.72 µg/mL (PANC‐1) and 9.41 µg/mL (PSN‐1), and extracts of isodonis herba (aerial part of Plectranthus japonicas), phellodendri cortex (bark of Phellodendron amurense), licopodium (spore of Lycopodium clavatum), and panacis japonici rhizoma (radix of Panax japonicas) had mild activity. On EB/AO double‐staining of cells treated by these extracts, isodonis herba, licopodium, and panacis japonici rhizoma induced apoptosis‐like cell death under nutrient starvation, whereas phellodendri cortex and andrographis herba induced necrosis‐like cell death.ConclusionThe crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo medicines, isodonis herba, phellodendri cortex, licopodium, andrographis herba, and panacis japonici rhizoma, could be used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and/or as sources of anti‐pancreatic cancer drugs.
Brief report: Into the wild? How a film can change adolescents' values
Authors: Döring Anna K. , Hillbrink Alessa 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn adolescence, behavior and attitudes are constantly rethought and value priorities are established. Still, there is hardly any research addressing how values are shaped throughout this sensitive period. We employed an experimental design, testing whether adolescents' values can be influenced by exposure to a film. In our study, 154 German adolescents (80 females, ages 13–15) were randomly assigned to an experimental group that watched excerpts from the film “Into the wild” or to a control group. Value change was assessed in a pre‐post‐test design with a one‐week interval. As hypothesized, values changed in the direction of those displayed by the film's protagonist: Universalism values increased significantly and conformity values decreased significantly as compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that single exposure to a film may initiate value change, indicating that not only major live events, but also everyday experiences significantly affect adolescents' values.
Temperament and character dimensions assessed in general population, in individuals with psychoactive substance dependence and in young male conscripts
Authors: Vitoratou S. , Ntzoufras I. , Theleritis C. , Smyrnis N. , Stefanis N.C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:In this work we consider Cloninger's psychobiological model, which measures two dimensions of personality: character and temperament. Temperament refers to the biological basis of personality and its characteristics, while character refers to an individual's attitudes towards own self, towards humanity and as part of the universe.Methods:The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-140 (TCI-R-140) was administered to 3 divergent samples: a general population sample, a sample of male conscripts and a sample of individuals attending a substance abuse rehabilitation programme. Score differences among the three samples were assessed controlling for age and gender and reliability coefficients are reported. The latent structure was studied in all samples, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods (EFA and CFA respectively).Results:The proposed structure was partially replicated via EFA. CFA however indicated less than satisfactory fit, as in previously reported results. To improve the fit, the path diagram was augmented to account for multiple factor complexity, as suggested by the EFA results in all samples. While retaining the original seven-factor structure, the augmented model provided adequate fit. The consistency of the inventory was satisfactory in all samples. Evidence for the construct validity was found in relation to aggression.Conclusions:This is the first study to conclude in adequate fit, after allowing for the indicators to load on more than one factor within each dimension. While cross-national differences apply, our results were similar (when comparable) with previously reported ones in the literature.
The effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with New York Heart Association class IV non‐ambulatory heart failure
Authors: Yamashita Soichiro , Fukuzawa Koji , Yoshida Akihiro , Itoh Mitsuaki , Imamura Kimitake , Fujiwara Ryudo , Suzuki Atsushi , Nakanishi Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Akinori , Kanda Gaku , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Shimane Akira , Okajima Katsunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe reviewed the effectiveness and safety of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV non‐ambulatory heart failure (NAHF).MethodsFrom 2006 to 2011, 310 patients underwent CRT at Kobe University Hospital and Himeji Cardiovascular Center because of heart failure. Of these, 29 NAHF patients were retrospectively analyzed. The control group comprised 21 age‐ and ejection fraction‐matched patients with NAHF who did not undergo CRT from the ICU database of Kobe University Hospital. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death and hospitalization for heart failure. Response was defined as a >15% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV).ResultsCRT was performed successfully without serious complications in all patients. Twenty‐three patients (79%) were discharged 19±15 days after CRT implantation, while 6 (21%) died during their hospital stay due to progressive heart failure. Compared with the control group, patients in the CRT group showed significant improvements in the primary endpoint (log‐rank p=0.04). Six patients (21%) were defined as responders and the Kaplan–Meier curve showed that responders experienced a better outcome than non‐responders (log‐rank p=0.029). LV dyssynchrony before implantation was significantly related to the occurrence of the primary endpoint (p=0.02).ConclusionsCRT can be safely used in patients with NAHF and can improve long‐term patient outcomes, especially in treatment responders.
Inappropriate mode switching clarified by using a chest radiograph
Authors: Marino Brian , Jaiswal Abhishek , Goldbarg Seth 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular node disease status post‐dual chamber pacemaker placement was noted to have abnormal pacing episodes during a percutaneous coronary intervention. Pacemaker interrogation revealed a high number of short duration mode switching episodes. Representative electrograms demonstrated high frequency nonphysiologic recordings predominantly in the atrial lead. Intrinsic pacemaker malfunction was excluded. A chest radiograph showed excess atrial and ventricular lead slack in the right ventricular inflow. It was suspected that lead–lead interaction resulted in artifacts and oversensing, causing frequent short episodes of inappropriate mode switching.
Disorganised stroma determined on pre‐treatment breast cancer biopsies is associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results from the NEOZOTAC trial
Authors: Dekker T.J.A. , Charehbili A. , Smit V.T.H.B.M. , ten Dijke P. , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E. , van de Velde C.J.H. , Nortier J.W.R. , Tollenaar R.A.E.M. , Mesker W.E. , Kroep J.R. 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe tumor‐associated stroma is of importance for tumor progression and is generally accepted to have a significant influence on patient prognosis. However, little is known regarding specific features of tumor‐associated stromal tissues and response to (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy. This study investigated the predictive value of extracellular matrix organization on response to chemotherapy in patients treated in the NEOZOTAC trial.MethodsStromal organisation was analyzed via a simple method using image analysis software on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained slides from primary tumor biopsies collected as part of the NEOZOTAC trial. Heidenhain's AZAN trichrome‐stained slides were also analyzed for comparison of collagen evaluation. Sections were stained for phospho‐Smad2 (pS2) in order to determine the relationship of TGF‐β signaling with stromal organization.ResultsA statistically significant relationship was observed between stroma consisting of organised collagen and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (Odds Ratio 0.276, 95%CI 0.124–0.614, P = 0.002). This parameter was also related to ER‐status (P = 0.003), clinical tumor ‐status (P = 0.041), nodal status (P = 0.029) and pS2 status (P = 0.025). Correlation between stromal organisation determined on H&E‐stained and AZAN‐stained tissue sections was high (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.806).ConclusionIntratumoral stromal organisation determined using pre‐treatment breast cancer biopsies was related to pathological response to chemotherapy. This parameter might play a role in the management of breast cancer for identifying those patients that are likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Determinants of Effective Caregiver Communication After Adolescent Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hobart‐Porter Laura , Wade Shari , Minich Nori , Kirkwood Michael , Stancin Terry , Taylor Hudson Gerry 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the effects of caregiver mental health and coping strategies on interactions with an injured adolescent acutely after traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignMulti‐site, cross‐sectional study.SettingOutpatient setting of 3 tertiary pediatric hospitals and 2 tertiary general medical centers.ParticipantsAdolescents (N = 125) aged 12‐17 years, 1‐6 months after being hospitalized with complicated mild to severe TBI.MethodsData were collected as part of a multi‐site clinical trial of family problem‐solving therapy after TBI. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of caregiver and environmental characteristics to the dimensions of effective communication, warmth, and negativity during caregiver‐adolescent problem‐solving discussions.Main Outcomes MeasuresAdolescent and caregiver interactions, as measured by the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales.ResultsCaregivers who utilized problem‐focused coping strategies were rated as having higher levels of effective communication (P < .01), as were those with higher socioeconomic status (P < .01). Problem‐focused coping style and higher socioeconomic status were also associated lower levels of negative interactions (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Female gender of the adolescent and fewer children in the home were associated with increased parental warmth during the interaction (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Neither adolescent TBI severity nor caregiver depression significantly influenced caregiver‐teen interactions.ConclusionsProblem‐focused coping strategies are associated with higher levels of effective communication and lower levels of caregiver negativity during the initial months after adolescent TBI, suggesting that effective caregiver coping may facilitate better caregiver‐adolescent interactions after TBI.
Spieler- und Jugendschutz in Spielhallen: Ein Praxistest
Authors: Meyer Gerhard , Meduna Marc von , Brosowski Tim 
Published: February 2015

Der Gesetzgeber hat das Gefährdungspotenzial von Geldspielautomaten in Spielhallen erkannt und im GlüStV sowie in Spielhallengesetzen differenzierte Maßnahmen zum Jugend- und Spielerschutz festgelegt. Zielsetzung: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird die Compliance der Mitarbeiter in Bremer Spielhallen überprüft. Methode: Testspieler und Beobachter haben 29 von 111 Spielhallen in Bremen (26 %) aufgesucht, Alterskontrollen erfasst, Merkmale problematischen Spielverhaltens simuliert, Spielsperren eingerichtet, Abgleiche mit der Sperrliste kontrolliert und die Reaktion des Personals in Protokollbögen festgehalten. Ergebnisse: Die Umsetzung der gesetzlich geforderten Maßnahmen fand nur in geringem Ausmaß statt. Ausweiskontrollen der 20 bis 25-jährigen Testspieler erfolgten in 26 % der Besuche. Auf erkennbare Merkmale problematischen Spielverhaltens zeigte das Personal lediglich in 6 von 112 Fällen (5 %) angemessene Reaktionen. Letztendlich konnte in 18 Fällen (62 %) eine Sperre, ein Hausverbot oder eine sperrähnliche Absprache eingerichtet bzw. getroffen werden, wobei teilweise große Hürden, wie das Einreichen zusätzlicher Passfotos, mehrmaliges Erscheinen oder Aufsuchen anderer Standorte, zu überwinden waren. Bei den nachfolgenden 15 Kontrollbesuchen konnten 13 gesperrte Testspieler (87 %) problemlos ihre Einsätze beim Automatenspiel tätigen. Diskussion: Der Staat ist gefordert, die Einhaltung der gesetzlichen Vorgaben stärker zu überwachen, um die Compliance zu erhöhen. Eine Verbesserung des Spielerschutzes ließe sich außerdem durch eine landesweite zentrale Sperrdatei für Bremer Spielhallen – nach dem Vorbild in Hessen – erreichen oder – als empfehlenswerte Alternative – durch eine Vernetzung der Spielsperren mit der Deutschen Sperrdatenbank.
Glücksspielgesetzgebung in Deutschland und Glücksspielverhalten der Bevölkerung
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Clemens Franziska , Walther Birte , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: February 2015

Zielsetzung: Bewirkt die Vergabe von 48 Sportwetten- und Online-Casino-Lizenzen sowie die Lockerung von Werberestriktionen in Schleswig-Holstein (SH) Veränderungen des Glückspielverhaltens der Bevölkerung? Methodik: Wiederholte Querschnittsbefragung repräsentativer Stichproben (≥ 16 Jahre) aus SH vs. dem übrigen Bundesgebiet. Vor (2012) und nach (2013) der Lizenzvergabe wurden jeweils 1.000 Personen in den beiden Untersuchungsregionen interviewt. Ergebnisse: 2012 betrug die 12-Monats-Prävalenz des Glücksspiels in SH 39,3%, in den übrigen Bundesländern 36,9% (p > 0,05). Im Jahr 2013 lag der Unterschied bei 39,0% vs. 33,6% (p < 0,05), vornehmlich aufgrund einer häufigeren Teilnahme an Lotterien in SH. Eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen Befragungsregion und Zeit zeigte sich jedoch nicht. Auf Ebene einzelner Glücksspiele ergaben sich ebenfalls keine unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen über die Zeit, allein der Anteil der Poker-Spielenden hatte in SH einen stärkeren Rückgang als in den anderen Bundesländern (p < 0,05). Keine Unterschiede fanden sich bei der Teilnahme an Glücksspielen im Internet und bei der Prävalenz des pathologischen Spielens. Schlussfolgerungen: Obwohl die 12-Monats-Prävalenz des Glücksspiels 2013 in SH bedeutsam höher lag als im übrigen Bundesgebiet, lässt sich aus den vorliegenden Daten keine spielfördernde Auswirkung der veränderten rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in SH auf das Glücksspielverhalten der Bevölkerung ableiten.