bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial point positioning of weld seam and robot pose estimation based on binocular vision
Authors: Ye Jinsheng , Yao Xifan , Ran Guangjun , Ou Shuhui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to rapidly identify and locate the weld seam initial point in robotic automated welding, we established a binocular vision system and proposed a weld seam initial point localization algorithm named WIPL-Net. Built upon the Fully Convolutional One-Stage object detection network, WIPL-Net introduces a lightweight ResNext as its backbone network and incorporates channel attention and enhanced feature fusion mechanisms to enhance feature detection and extraction capabilities. Subsequently, WIPL-Net is utilized to obtain the weld seam’s initial point, and its three-dimensional coordinates are determined through trigonometric measurements. To further estimate the robot’s posture at the initial point, we performed sparse three-dimensional reconstruction of the local region centered on the weld seam initial point based on You Only Look At Coefficients of Tensors instance segmentation and feature point matching. Finally, we conducted comparative experiments on WIPL-Net and conducted weld seam initial point localization experiments in real welding scenarios. The results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a positioning error of less than 1.2 mm for the weld seam’s initial point and a pose error of less than 10 degrees for the robot, meeting the requirement for real-time positioning of the weld seam’s initial point.
Comparative microstructural analysis of V2O5 nanoparticles via x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique
Authors: Ranu Rupin , Kadam S L , Gade V K , Desarada Sachin V , Yewale M A , Chavan Kalyan B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles exhibit diverse properties and have been studied for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and material enhancement. In this work, we have reported the synthesis of vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles using hydrothermal method. Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) was used as a source of vanadium. These syntheses were carried out at four different concentrations of vanadium source. The hydrothermal reaction was conducted at a temperature of 180 °C for a duration of 24 hours, followed by an additional 24 hours period of natural cooling. Four samples were annealed in air using a muffle furnace at 500 °C for five hours. The x-ray diffraction technique was used to study the structural aspects. A comparative analysis of the microstructure was conducted utilizing the Scherrer method, the Williamson–Hall method and its various models, size-strain analysis, and the Halder–Wagner method. The crystallite size and microstrain were determined using these distinct methods, revealing a systematic correlation between the crystallite size and microstrain obtained through the different techniques.
Experimental study on mechanical transfer regularity and step distance of individuals under different collision impulse
Authors: Shen Liangchang , Huang Haiyang , Song Yushan , Weng Wenguo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the process of emergency evacuation, the fall of an individual may lead to the instability of surrounding pedestrians. The evacuation routes would be obstructed by fallen pedestrians, thereby diminishing the evacuation efficiency and increasing the overall crowd risk. The purpose of this study is to explore the balance-recovery process of pedestrians under collision. The study conducted a series of experiments to obtain the total step distance and number of steps taken by individuals during the balance-recovery process under different impulses. The impulse applied by the unstable individual to the obstacle ahead for balance recovery was also measured. The gait characteristics and mechanical principles of the individuals in the balance-recovery process after collision force were analyzed. The results indicate that individuals can recover balance within a 90 cm step distance if the impulse received is in the range of 20–160 N s. The relationship between the step distance of an individual and the impulse received can be expressed as a quadratic function. When stepping is prohibited, the impulse applied by the individual to the obstacle ahead is approximately 1.85 times the impulse he received. However, if stepping is allowed, the dispersion of the impulse applied to the obstacle gradually decreases with increasing step space. Additionally, logistic regression models were constructed to calculate individual instability probabilities for different conditions based on the experimental data. These results can serve as a foundation method for evaluating the individual and group instability risk during emergency evacuation scenarios.
One dimensional lattice fluid mixture with nearest neighbour interactions
Authors: Yacine Sahnoun Ali , Djebbar Mustapha , Benmessabih Tounsi , Bakhti Benaoumeur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present an exact derivation of the free energy functional of a fluid mixture of hard rods with arbitrary sizes on a one-dimensional lattice. Our approach is based on the Wertheim cluster theory which consists of mapping a system with finite range interactions to the system with pure hard-core interaction but with modified activities. We show that the free energy functional has the same form as the fundamental measure functional. The interactions part of the free energy has two contributions, one from the one-particle cavity restricted to the hard rod or hard-sphere diameter and a second from the two-particle cavity which includes the finite range of the interaction. In the limit of a one-component system, our results reduce to the one derived using the Markov chain approach. For vanishing interactions, the density functionals coincide exactly with the previously derived for the mixture of hard rods with pure hard-core interaction.
Development of high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete for drilling wellbore walls in highly mineralized strata and its sulfate attack resistanceattack resistance
Authors: Din Zongchuang , Yao Zhishu , Hu Kun , Fang Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metakaolin has been incorporated into high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete for wellbore wall drilling to enhance its durability in strata with highly mineralized water. This study established a benchmark, utilizing fly ash, slag powder, and metakaolin as the factors in an orthogonal test to assess the durability of concrete against sulfate attack. The range analysis and an integrated balance method were employed to optimize the mix proportion, the optimized mix proportion of high-performance concrete was determined as concrete: cement: fly ash: slag powder: metakaolin: pumping agents: gravel: sand: water: polyvinyl alcohol = 1: 0.2: 0.075: 0.05: 0.106: 2.767: 1.556: 0.371: 0.003. The apparent and microscopic morphologies before and after the erosion of both the benchmark group and optimized mix proportion group were investigated. The triaxial permeability tests were conducted on these groups under varying confining pressures to elucidate concrete permeability trends. Additionally, a damage constitutive model for concrete under a sulfate attack was formulated based on the durability tests. This study could provide valuable insights into the industrial utilization of concrete in deep shafts within highly mineralized water strata in Northwestern China.
Simulation of tungsten impurity transport by DIVIMP under different divertor magnetic configurations on HL-3
Authors: ZHOU 周 Qingrui 庆瑞 , ZHANG 张 Yanjie 彦杰 , SANG 桑 Chaofeng 超峰 , LI 李 Jiaxian 佳鲜 , ZHENG 郑 Guoyao 国尧 , WANG 王 Yilin 艺霖 , WU 吴 Yihan 亦晗 , WANG 王 Dezhen 德真 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tungsten (W) accumulation in the core, depending on W generation and transport in the edge region, is a severe issue in fusion reactors. Compared to standard divertors (SDs), snowflake divertors (SFDs) can effectively suppress the heat flux, while the impact of magnetic configurations on W core accumulation remains unclear. In this study, the kinetic code DIVIMP combined with the SOLPS-ITER code is applied to investigate the effects of divertor magnetic configurations (SD versus SFD) on W accumulation during neon injection in HL-3. It is found that the W concentration in the core of the SFD is significantly higher than that of the SD with similar total W erosion flux. The reasons for this are: (1) W impurities in the core of the SFD mainly originate from the inner divertor, which has a short leg, and the source is close to the divertor entrance and upstream separatrix. Furthermore, the W ionization source (S
W0) is much stronger, especially near the divertor entrance. (2) The region overlap of S
W0 and

pointing upstream promote W accumulation in the core. Moreover, the influence of W source locations at the inner target on W transport in the SFD is investigated. Tungsten impurity in the core is mainly contributed by target erosion in the common flux region (CFR) away from the strike point. This is attributed to the fact that the W source at this location enhances the ionization source above the W ion stagnation point, which sequentially increases W penetration. Therefore, the suppression of far SOL inner target erosion can effectively prevent W impurities from accumulating in the core.
Exploring environmental condition of silvofishery pond to support the sustainability of mangrove management in Berau Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Tarunamulia  , Ratnawati Erna , Paena Mudian , Kamariah  , Athirah Admi , Asaf Ruzkiah , Tahe Suwardi , Hendrajat Erfan Andi , Taukhid Imam , Asaad Andi Indra Jaya , Basir  , Ilman Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The integration of mangrove management with aquaculture, termed the silvofishery pond system, has been implemented in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A detailed survey was conducted to assess the features of mangrove terrain surrounding silvofishery ponds, aiming to enhance the productive and sustainable management of these mangrove areas in Berau Regency. This survey focused on various land characteristics such as topography, tidal patterns, water quality, soil properties, climate, and the state of mangrove vegetation. The health of mangrove vegetation was assessed by calculating the Important Value Index (IVI) across different growth stages: trees, saplings, and seedlings. The findings reveal that the mangrove adjacent to the silvofishery ponds in Berau Regency are home to 14 species from 13 genera and 10 families. Rhizophora mucronata displayed the highest IVI scores across all growth stages: 75.17% for trees, 93.14% for saplings, and 66.98% for seedlings, the latter shared with Rhizophora apiculata. Soil quality emerged as a critical limiting factor for land use in silvofishery ponds, particularly due to high potential acidity (low pH) and low nitrogen (N) content. To enhance soil quality, it is recommended that soil management practices such as remediation (via drying, submerging, flushing, or liming) and N supplementation through fertilization be employed. Furthermore, given the sparse mangrove vegetation density at the tree level (1,012 trees/ha), efforts to promote natural mangrove regeneration and prevent deforestation and degradation are advised. Considering the unique characteristics of the mangroves, the implementation of the komplangan model—a silvofishery approach that segregates mangroves restoration pond from grow-out ponds—is recommended to boost productivity and ensure sustainability in the coastal region of Berau.
Anomaly detection combining bidirectional gated recurrent unit and autoencoder in the context of e-commerce
Authors: Lin Yue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
E-commerce platforms store a large amount of user personal information, transaction data, and financial information, which have extremely high value for hackers and criminals. Therefore, protecting the security of e-commerce platforms is particularly important, and intrusion detection is a technical means used to discover and respond to possible security threats and attacks. But with the development of Internet technology, there are more and more types of intrusion attacks and more sophisticated means. Traditional intrusion detection systems are difficult to cope with. This study proposes an anomaly detection model based on bidirectional gated loop units and autoencoders. The model learns HTTP text data, trains the model, and uses bidirectional gated loop units to convert text sequences from characters to numbers. The experimental results show that when the training set size is 1000, the false alarm rates of Analytic Hierarchy Process, Support Vector Machine, Long Short Term Recurrent Memory Network, and Improved end-to-end algorithm models are 0.30, 0.27, 0.23, and 0.10, respectively. The loss function values are 0.35, 0.28, 0.17, and 0.13, respectively. The F1 values are 0.78, 0.88, 0.91, and 0.99, and the accuracy rates are 0.88, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. The research results indicate that the proposed method model has excellent performance.
Underwater manipulator arm control based on Harris Hawk algorithm optimized RBF neural network
Authors: Zhao Chuanzhe , Wang Haibo , Song Yadi , Wang Ronglin , Li Zhifeng , Li Pengtao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article addresses the control issues of underwater manipulator arms in complex marine environments, proposing a composite control strategy based on the Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. Combining the global search capability of the HHO algorithm with the fast approximation characteristics of RBF neural networks, a self-adaptive control method for underwater manipulator arms is designed. By automatically optimizing the parameters of the neural network, the performance and robustness of the control system are enhanced. Through simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is verified. The results show that compared with the traditional RBF neural network control and fuzzy sliding mode control, the optimized control algorithm proposed in this paper has significant improvement compared with both of them, demonstrates good control effect and high practical value, and provides an effective solution for the precise control of the underwater manipulator arm.
Characterization and electrochemical performance of plasma-nitrided titanium alloy for bipolar plates
Authors: Shen Hongyu , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ti-N layer with a thickness about 1 ∼ 2.2 μm was formed on titanium alloys through plasma nitriding at 750 °C in NH3 and a mixture of NH3 and N2 (1:2) for 4 h. SEM and XRD were employed to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of nitrided layer. Electrochemical tests evaluated the anti-corrosion properties of the samples before and after nitrided in a simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) environment. Interface contact resistance (ICR) was also measured. Results indicated that the corrosion potential in cathodic conditions was increased from −415 mV for untreated titanium to 148 mV for that nitrided in mixture gas. While, the corrosion current density was reduced from 6.64 μA to 0.86 μA. Under a pressure of 140 N cm−2, the interfacial contact resistance of the untreated sample increased from 22.1 mΩ cm2 before corrosion testing to 40.5 mΩ cm2 after corrosion at cathodic conditions. The nitrided sample, on the other hand, saw its contact resistance rise from 4.5 mΩ cm2 before corrosion to 7.3 mΩ cm2 after corrosion. The Ti-N compound layer effectively diminished the corrosion current density and sustained an exceptionally low ICR under the simulated operating conditions of a bipolar plate.
High-bandwidth FPGA based randomized voltage states for controlling optoelectronic devices in QKD systems
Authors: Satija Aman , Cruise Dustin , Garg Vaibhav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We have developed an inexpensive system for generating random voltage states (RVS) on a FPGA platform. This system can be used for controlling optoelectronic devices in a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system. We use an all-digital operation at the FPGA layer to generate two uncorrelated Boolean bit strings. These bit strings are converted to RVS using a multiplexer and a voltage buffer in order to drive commercially available optoelectronic devices. A National Instruments (N.I) real-time IO (RIO) platform was used for FPGA implementation. The FPGA layer was coupled to the desktop layer for real-time monitoring and logging of the Boolean bit strings. We characterize the performance of the multiplexer and the buffer and describe how their engineering performance trades-off with the fidelity of RVS generation.
The Institutional Foundations of Ukrainian Democracy
Authors: Kibita Nataliya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ukraine and Russia are today at opposite ends of the political spectrum. Despite 300 years of full submersion into Russian authoritarian system, Ukraine has rejected authoritarianism. To explain why and how Ukraine’s road diverged from Russia’s, this monograph investigates the origins of regionalism in Ukraine, which is at the foundation of the Ukrainian institutional system. ‘Weak centre, strong regions’ was characteristic of both Ukraine and Russia in the early post-Soviet years. However, what was a detour for Russia was a long-standing framework in Ukraine. The story follows the relationship between Moscow, Kyiv, and the Ukrainian regions in the period from spring 1917 to summer 1994. Based on new archival material and guided by the theory of institutions, the book examines how interlinked political and economic incentives and constraints determined the opportunities and institutional interests of the Ukrainian leadership and the Ukrainian regions, and how the institutional framework affected the dynamic of the relationship between the central leadership in Moscow, the Ukrainian leadership, and the regions. It shows that, once established, the configuration of ‘weak centre, strong regions’ did not change, even when the Soviet centralized party-state system collapsed. The failure of the Ukrainian leadership to reconfigure the interplay of incentives and constraints that dictated the behaviour of the Ukrainian regions determined not only the insignificance of the disintegration of the Soviet system, but also the institutional weakness of the new Ukrainian executive branch and the failure by President Kravchuk to establish some form of authoritarian rule.
Bulygin on Legal Gaps and the Normativity of Law
Authors: Monti Ezequiel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter reconstructs and examines Bulygin’s account of normative legal gaps. Bulygin argues for two main theses, namely, that it is possible for legal systems to have normative gaps thus understood (Possibility Thesis); and that when faced with normative gaps, judges have legal discretion (Discretion Thesis). The chapter grants the Possibility Thesis but argues against the Discretion Thesis. The chapter distinguishes between legal norms and the rights and obligations that obtain in virtue of them; and, correspondingly, between normative propositions and what the chapter calls genuinely normative propositions. These distinctions allow a distinction between normative gaps (in Bulygin’s sense) and what the chapter calls genuinely normative gaps. The chapter goes on to argue that Bulygin’s arguments establish the possibility of the former but not of the latter And if the latter are impossible, then judges have no legal discretion as a result of the former. The chapter concludes by showing that, even if they do not entail legal discretion, Bulygin’s notion of normative legal gaps is nevertheless significant.
Improved low-invasive mRNA electroporation method into immature mouse oocytes visualizes protein dynamics during development
Authors: Satouh Yuhkoh , Suzuki Emiko , Sasaki Keisuke , Sato Ken 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the major causes of oocyte quality deterioration, chromosome segregation abnormalities manifest mainly during meiosis I, which occurs before and during ovulation. However, currently, there is a technical limitation in the introduction of mRNA into premature oocytes without impairing embryonic developmental ability. In this study, we established a low-invasive electroporation (EP) method to introduce mRNA into pre-ovulatory, germinal vesicle (GV) mouse oocytes in an easier manner than the traditional microinjection method. The EP method with an optimized impedance value resulted in the efficient introduction of mRNAs encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into the GV oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells at a survival rate of 95.0%. Furthermore, the introduction of histone H2B-EGFP mRNA into the GV oocytes labeled most of the oocytes without affecting the blastocyst development rate, indicating the feasibility of the visualization of oocyte chromosomal dynamics that enable us to assay chromosomal integrity in oocyte maturation and cell count in embryonic development. The establishment of this EP method offers extensive assays to select pre-implantation embryos and enables the surveying of essential factors for mammalian oocyte quality determination.
Crucial role for sensory nerves and Na/H exchanger inhibition in dapagliflozin- and empagliflozin-induced arterial relaxation
Authors: Forrester Elizabeth A , Benítez-Angeles Miguel , Redford Kaitlyn E , Rosenbaum Tamara , Abbott Geoffrey W , Barrese Vincenzo , Dora Kim , Albert Anthony P , Dannesboe Johs , Salles-Crawley Isabelle , Jepps Thomas A , Greenwood Iain A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Sodium/glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2 or SLC5A2) inhibitors lower blood glucose and are also approved treatments for heart failure independent of raised glucose. Various studies have showed that SGLT2 inhibitors relax arteries, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and responses variable across arterial beds. We speculated that SGLT2 inhibitor-mediated arterial relaxation is dependent upon calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from sensory nerves independent of glucose transport.

Methods and results
The functional effects of SGLT1 and 2 inhibitors (mizagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) and the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) blocker cariporide were determined on pre-contracted resistance arteries (mesenteric and cardiac septal arteries) as well as main renal conduit arteries from male Wistar rats using wire myography. SGLT2, CGRP, TRPV1, and NHE1 expression was determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Kv7.4/5/KCNE4 and TRPV1 currents were measured in the presence and absence of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. All SGLT inhibitors (1–100 µM) and cariporide (30 µM) relaxed mesenteric arteries but had negligible effect on renal or septal arteries. Immunohistochemistry with TRPV1 and CGRP antibodies revealed a dense innervation of sensory nerves in mesenteric arteries that were absent in renal and septal arteries. Consistent with a greater sensory nerve component, the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin relaxed mesenteric arteries more effectively than renal or septal arteries. In mesenteric arteries, relaxations to dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and cariporide were attenuated by the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN-4096, depletion of sensory nerves with capsaicin, and blockade of TRPV1 or Kv7 channels. Neither dapagliflozin nor empagliflozin activated heterologously expressed TRPV1 channels or Kv7 channels directly. Sensory nerves also expressed NHE1 but not SGLT2 and cariporide pre-application as well as knockdown of NHE1 by translation stop morpholinos prevented the relaxant response to SGLT2 inhibitors.

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitors relax mesenteric arteries by promoting the release of CGRP from sensory nerves in a NHE1-dependent manner.