bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of structural characterization and viscosity measurements with total unsaturation: An effective method for controlling ozonation in the preparation of ozonated grape seed and sunflower oils
Authors: Guerra‐Blanco Pamela , Poznyak Tatyana , Chairez Isaac , Brito‐Arias Marco 
Published: December 2014

Ozonated oils have demonstrated promising results for clinical applications. The reaction of ozone with the unsaturated compounds of oils produces by‐products such as ozonides and poly peroxides. A deeper knowledge of the dynamics of by‐product formation is helpful in determining the required ozonation degree to obtain therapeutic effects. The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between ozonation degree and structural and viscosity changes during the ozonation of grape seed (GS) and sunflower (SF) oils. Structural characterization was done by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, with iso‐ozonides being identified. Viscosity showed a significant increase during ozonation, a fact associated with poly peroxide formation. We have made use of the total unsaturation (TU) method to measure the ozonation degree. The TU of non‐ozonated GS oil was found to be higher than for SF oil (5.94 and 4.49 mmol per g of oil, respectively), and their by‐product distributions were also found to differ. In GS oil, three reaction steps were observed for double‐bond conversion into iso‐ozonides and poly peroxides, while the ozonides and poly peroxides were formed in parallel in SF oil. The studies we implemented characterized the differences in the reactivities of these oils with ozone.Practical applications: In this work, we propose using the TU method to measure the ozonation degree of ozonated oils. TU experimental determination is based on the ozonation of the sample, and the ozone‐oxidizable substrate is quantified. Despite GS and SF oils having similar fatty acid compositions, they contain other unsaturated compounds specific to their vegetal sources. These compounds are also reactive with ozone, and are also quantified by the TU method. The differences in distributions of by‐products among ozonated oils from different sources could explain why the ozonation degree need not be the same for different oils. Studies like this represent a feasibility foundation for controlling the therapeutic application of ozonated oils and correctly interpreting their well‐known clinical effects.Ozonated vegetable oils have many interesting applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in medicine. A deeper knowledge of the dynamics of by‐product formation is helpful in determining the required ozonation degree to obtain therapeutic effects. In this work, we propose using the total unsaturation method to measure the ozonation degree of ozonated oils. We showed the relationship between ozonation degree and structural and viscosity changes during the ozonation of grape seed and sunflower oils. The differences in distributions of by‐products among ozonated oils from different sources could explain why the ozonation degree need not be the same for different oils.
Just One More Bite: A Qualitative Analysis of the Family Meal in Family‐based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Godfrey Kate , Rhodes Paul , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Wallis Andrew , Clarke Simon , Kohn Michael , Touyz Stephen , Madden Sloane 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe family meal is an integral component of Maudsley family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are different types of family meal, as suggested in the treatment manual, and whether within session processes differ according to meal type.MethodThirty video‐recorded family meal sessions from a randomised controlled trial were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalyses revealed two types of family meal. In the first, the patient ate one mouthful more than they were willing to eat. This meal type was characterised by processes that were consistent with the Maudsley model. In the second, the patient ate what was asked of them with little to no difficulty. Therapist and family avoidance differentiated this meal type from the first.DiscussionThe current findings, along with the existing theory, suggest that avoidance may have reduced the therapeutic impact of the meal for many families. Strategies to challenge therapist and family avoidance are suggested. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Vegetation succession in deglaciated landscapes: implications for sediment and landscape stability
Authors: Klaar Megan J. , Kidd Chris , Malone Edward , Bartlett Rebecca , Pinay Gilles , Chapin F. Stuart , Milner Alexander 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLandscapes exposed by glacial retreat provide an ideal natural laboratory to study the processes involved in transforming a highly disturbed, glacially influenced landscape to a stable, diverse ecosystem which supports numerous species and communities. Large‐scale vegetation development and changes in sediment availability, used as a proxy for paraglacial adjustment following rapid deglaciation, were assessed using information from remote sensing. Delineation of broad successional vegetation cover types was undertaken using Landsat satellite imagery (covering a 22 year period) to document the rate and trajectory of terrestrial vegetation development. Use of a space‐for‐time substitution in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, allowed ‘back‐calculation’ of the age and stage of development of six catchments over 206 years. The high accuracy (89.2%) of the remotely sensed information used in monitoring successional change allowed detection of a high rate of change in vegetation classes in early successional stages (bare sediment and alder). In contrast, later successional stages (spruce and spruce–hemlock dominated forest) had high vegetation class retention, and low turnover. Modelled rates of vegetation change generally confirmed the estimated rates of successional turnover previously reported. These data, when combined with the known influence of terrestrial succession on soil development and sediment availability, suggest how physical and biological processes interact over time to influence paraglacial adjustment following deglaciation. This study highlights the application of remote sensing of successional chronosequence landscapes to assess the temporal dynamics of paraglacial adjustment following rapid deglaciation and shows the importance of incorporating bio‐physical interactions within landscape evolution models. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Increased sulfatase 1 gene expression in degenerative intervertebral disc cells
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Ting , Ho Natalie Yi‐Ju , Fang Hung‐Chen , Lai Po‐Liang , Niu Chi‐Chien , Chen Lih‐Huei , Chen Wen‐Jer , Pang Jong‐Hwei S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSulfatase 1 (SULF1) plays a key role in cell signaling involving in cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Abnormal SULF1 expression has been implicated in the development of various cancers and diseases of the skeletal and nervous systems. The present study aims to examine the difference in SULF1 expression between degenerative and non‐degenerative intervertebral discs (IVDs) to provide an enhanced understanding of disc degeneration. Degenerative and non‐degenerative disc tissues were surgically harvested from patients and experimental rats. Disc degeneration‐specific genes were identified by microarray analysis. The gene expression of SULF1 was measured by sulfatase assay, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), real‐time RT‐PCR, and western blotting. Also, the presence of SULF1 in human and rat discs was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. More specifically in human cells, an increase of SULF1 gene expression was observed in degenerative cells at both mRNA and protein levels, as well as in time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in response to TNF‐α treatment. Increased staining of SULF1 was detected in degenerative discs compared to non‐degenerative discs for humans and rats. These findings show an upregulation of SULF1 in degenerative discs for the first time, and suggest that there is a link between SULF1 and disc degeneration. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Production and characterisation of whey protein hydrolysate having antioxidant activity from cheese whey
Authors: Athira Syamala , Mann Bimlesh , Saini Prerna , Sharma Rajan , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Ashish Kumar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCheese whey is a rich by‐product in nutritional terms, possessing components with high biological value, excellent functional properties, and an inert flavour profile. In the present study, mozzarella cheese whey was ultra‐filtrated to remove lactose and mineral. The retentate was hydrolysed with food‐grade enzyme alcalase and the hydrolysis conditions (pH, temperature and time) were optimised for maximum antioxidant activity using response surface methodology.RESULTSWhey protein hydrolysed for 8 h at pH 9 and 55 °C showed a maximum antioxidant activity of 1.18 ± 0.015 µmol Trolox mg−1 protein. The antioxidant peptides were further enriched by ultra‐filtration through a 3 kDa membrane. Seven peptides – β‐Lg f(123–131), β‐Lg f(122–131), β‐Lg f(124–131), β‐Lg f(123–134) , β‐Lg f(122–131), β‐Lg f(96–100) and β‐Lg f(94–100) – were identified by LC‐MS/MS in the 3 kDa permeate of the hydrolysate. The incorporation of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) in lemon whey drink (5–10 g L−1) increased the antioxidant activity from 76% to 90% as compared to control.CONCLUSIONHydrolysis of ultra‐filtrated retentate of whey can be an energy‐ and cost‐effective method for the direct production of WPH from whey compared to the industrial production of WPH from whey protein concentrate. This study suggests that WPH with good nutritional and biological properties can be effectively used in health‐promoting foods as a biofunctional ingredient. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and characterization of the antigenic site (epitope) on bovine β‐lactoglobulin: common residues in linear and conformational epitopes
Authors: Li Xin , Yuan Shuilin , He Shengfa , Gao Jinyan , Chen Hongbing 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDβ‐Lactoglobulin is recognised as one of major allergens in milk and its epitopes include linear and conformational epitopes contributed to milk allergy.RESULTSIn our work, two types of epitopes have been identified. Linear epitopes identified by using SPOT™ peptide arrays approach and three common peptide sequences AA77–82 (KIPAVF), AA126–131 (PEVDNE) and AA142–147 (ALPMHI) were obtained by reacting with specific sera from two rabbits. At the same time, mimotopes were screened by the panning of a phage display peptide library and the corresponding conformational epitopes were calculated by the web tool of Peptiope server with Mapitope algorithm. Three conformational epitopes against two specific sera were identified, in which there were 15 common residues as well and located in the different position and appeared mainly as an α‐helix.CONCLUSIONCommon residues on the linear and conformational epitopes were identified in the first time, respectively, which could be regarded as informative epitopes for detection of allergen in dairy products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Lignocellulose depolymerization occurs via an environmentally adapted metabolic cascades in the wood‐rotting basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Bak Jin Seop 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPlant biomass can be utilized by a lignocellulose‐degrading fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, but the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. A polyomics‐based analysis (metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics) of P. chrysosporium has been carried out using statistically optimized conditions for lignocellulolytic reaction. Thirty‐nine metabolites and 123 genes (14 encoded proteins) that consistently exhibited altered regulation patterns were identified. These factors were then integrated into a comprehensive map that fully depicts all signaling cascades involved in P. chrysosporium. Despite the diversity of these cascades, they showed complementary interconnection among themselves, ensuring the efficiency of passive biosystem and thereby yielding energy expenditure for the cells. Particularly, many factors related to intracellular regulatory networks showed compensating activity in homeostatic lignocellulolysis. In the main platform of proactive biosystem, although several deconstruction‐related targets (e.g., glycoside hydrolase, ureidoglycolate hydrolase, transporters, and peroxidases) were systematically utilized, well‐known supporters (e.g., cellobiose dehydrogenase and ferroxidase) were rarely generated.
Stromal matrix metalloproteinase 2 regulates collagen expression and promotes the outgrowth of experimental metastases
Authors: Bates Andreia L , Pickup Michael W , Hallett Miranda A , Dozier E Ashley , Thomas Stacy , Fingleton Barbara 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBreast cancer survival rates decrease from 99% for patients with local disease to 25% for those with distant metastases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP2, are associated with metastatic progression. We found that loss of host MMP2 reduces the proliferation of experimental metastases in the lungs and identified fibroblasts in tumour‐bearing lungs as the major source of MMP2. In vitro, spheroidal mammary tumour growth was increased by co‐culture with control fibroblasts isolated from tumour‐bearing lungs, but not when fibroblasts with stable Mmp2 knockdown were used. This result prompted us to assess whether MMP2 was responsible for a tumour‐proliferative, activated fibroblast phenotype. To test this, we evaluated: (a) fibroblasts from wild‐type tumour‐bearing lungs, with or without shRNA‐mediated MMP2 knockdown; and (b) normal, quiescent fibroblasts isolated from either WT or Mmp2–/– mice. Quantitative PCR revealed that Mmp2 knockdown attenuated expression of two markers of activation (α‐smooth muscle actin and vimentin), but there was minimal expression in quiescent WT or Mmp2–/– fibroblasts, as expected. Placing quiescent fibroblasts under activating conditions led to increases in activation‐associated transcripts in WT but not Mmp2–/– fibroblasts. Additionally, Mmp2 knockdown fibroblasts showed significantly decreased expression of the matrix transcripts collagen I, collagen IV and fibronectin. Addition of active TGFβ was sufficient to rescue the MMP2‐dependent collagen I and IV expression, while MMP2‐induced collagen expression was blocked by the addition of TGFβ1‐neutralizing antibody. Gene expression data in stromal cells of human breast cancers reveal that MMP2 expression is also positively correlated with activation and matrix transcripts. Thus, we present a model whereby MMP2 production in tumour fibroblasts is important for TGFβ1 activity and subsequent activation of fibroblasts to a matrix‐producing, proliferation‐supportive phenotype. Overall, our results reveal a previously undefined role for MMP2 in metastatic outgrowth mediated by fibroblasts, and extend the mechanisms by which MMPs contribute to tumour progression. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catenin‐δ1, negatively regulated by miR‐145, promotes tumour aggressiveness in gastric cancer
Authors: Xing Ai‐Yan , Wang Ya‐Wen , Su Zhong‐Xue , Shi Duan‐Bo , Wang Bin , Gao Peng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports the association of catenin‐δ1 (CTNND1, p120ctn) with tumour development and progression. However, the mechanism and clinical significance of CTNND1 deregulation in gastric cancer remain unknown. The expression level and cellular localization of CTNND1 were determined by immunohistochemistry in 126 human gastric cancer and 50 non‐tumourous tissues. The cellular localization of CTNND1 and epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) were detected by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the effect of CTNND1 cDNA or CTNND1 siRNA transfection on gastric cancer cells. Luciferase assay, western blot analysis and in vivo assays were used to determine whether CTNND1 could be regulated by miR‐145. The results demonstrate that the cytoplasmic localization of CTNND1 protein, rather than expression level, was indicative of higher clinical stage, positive lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis in gastric cancers. CTNND1 could promote gastric cancer cell migration and invasion with little effect on cellular proliferation and apoptosis. CTNND1 was proved to be a direct target gene for miR‐145. Besides suppressing cytoplasmic CTNND1 expression, miR‐145 could recover the membranous localization of CTNND1 and E‐cadherin. We conclude that cytoplasmic CTNND1 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancers. MiR‐145 inhibits invasion of gastric cancer cells not only by down‐regulating cytoplasmic CTNND1 expression but also by inducing the translocation of CTNND1 and E‐cadherin from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane through down‐regulating N‐cadherin. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of simulations in econometrics pedagogy
Authors: Bekkerman Anton 
Published: December 2014

This article assesses the role of simulation methods in econometrics pedagogy. Technological advances have increased researchers' abilities to use simulation methods and have contributed to a greater presence of simulation‐based analysis in econometrics research. Simulations can also have an important role as pedagogical tools in econometrics education by providing a data‐driven medium for difficult‐to‐grasp theoretical ideas to be empirically mimicked and the results to be visualized and interpreted accessibly. Three sample blueprints for implementing simulations to demonstrate foundational econometric principles provide a framework for gauging the effectiveness of simulation analysis as a pedagogical instrument. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:160–165. doi: 10.1002/wics.1342This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
Modelling harvesting strategies for the lobster fishery in northern Europe: the importance of protecting egg‐bearing females
Authors: Sundelöf Andreas , Grimm Volker , Ulmestrand Mats , Fiksen Øyvind 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEuropean lobster populations in Norway and Sweden are severely reduced as a result of intense harvesting over a long time. Various alternative management options have been proposed or endorsed to both facilitate recovery and increase yield. Accordingly, Minimum Landing Size (MLS) regulations are widely used for the European lobster. We developed an individual‐based population model which integrates biological knowledge about lobsters’ population dynamics to explore how available harvesting strategies and management options influence abundance and yield. The model reproduced basic features of a real lobster population in Sweden. Even for a relatively large MLS high fishing effort may still be detrimental to the long term production of the stock, while increasing the MLS further prevents this recruitment overfishing. A moratorium on berried females, in combination with the MLS appears to stabilize population fluctuations and yield, leading to higher yield for all MLS's considered. The female moratorium harvesting strategy also performed better than a maximum size limit. Yield per recruit calculations gave similar quantitative results, and also shows that a larger MLS reduce the risk of growth overfishing. A smaller MLS enables the harvest of many individuals but is very sensitive to increase in effort which easily promotes overfishing.
Effect of Silicone Nano, Nano/Micro and Nano/Macro‐Emulsion Softeners on Color Yield and Physical Characteristics of Dyed Cotton Fabric
Authors: Jatoi Abdul Wahab , Khatri Zeeshan , Ahmed Farooq , Memon Muhammad Hanif 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe study of silicone nano‐emulsions and softeners to alter physical properties of undyed cotton fabric has recently gained a substantial interest. However, systematic investigation of silicon nano‐emulsion softeners on dyed cotton fabric has not so far been conducted. This paper deals with the application of silicone nano‐, micro‐, and macro‐emulsion softeners, and combinations of nano/micro and nano/macro, on dyed cotton fabric. We report the effect of silicon nano/micro‐ and nano/macro‐emulsion softeners on color yield and physical characteristics of dyed cotton fabric. All bleached fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Black 5 and then treated with known concentrations of silicone softeners by the pad‐dry method. The silicone nano‐emulsion was combined with micro‐ and macro‐emulsion softeners using blending ratios of nano/micro (1:1) and nano/macro (1:1). Treated fabrics were compared in terms of physical properties such as fabric handling, wrinkle recovery angle, bending length, abrasion resistance and tensile strength. The color changes were evaluated by color yield (K/S) values and total color difference (ΔEcmc). The results revealed that the silicon nano‐emulsion had better physical properties than micro‐, macro‐ and combination nano/micro‐ and nano/macro‐emulsion softeners. Among all treated samples, nano‐emulsion softeners showed better ΔEcmc values. Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that the fiber morphology of treated fabrics was very smooth and uniform.
Novel Route of Producing Zeolite A Resin for Quality‐Improved Detergents
Authors: Meshram Siddharth U. , Khandekar Urvi R. , Mane Savita M. , Mohan Akshay 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMost of the commercial manufacturers of soap and detergents are still using sodium tripolyphosphate and trisodium phosphate as the builder material which results into eutrophication through laundry. Phosphate mainly originates from detergents and affects the aquatic ecosystem severely. This may increase decomposer organisms that require oxygen, which can deplete the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. To remedy this, many leading detergent manufacturers currently use zeolite A as the builder material which has proven to be a better substitute for phosphatic additives. Zeolite A is a three‐dimensional crystalline aluminosilicate resin having a high exchange capacity towards ions that cause water hardness. In spite of this tremendous potential, the high cost of zeolite A has limited its effective use in detergents. The specific objectives of this study were to synthesize zeolite A resin in a more economically viable fashion using waste material, a composite ash, which is the post‐combustion residue of rice husk blended with coal, and to formulate an eco‐friendly phosphate‐free detergent powder using the same. The studies also focused on evaluating its detergency action by analyzing moisture content, foam height, surface tension, tea/coffee stain test along, and alcohol solubility. The results show that the synthesized detergent has comparable detergency to two known commercial brands of detergent. This economical synthesis combined with the exceptional parameters of zeolite A resin, such as fine particle size, high exchange capacity, inert nature, and anti‐redeposition properties, makes this detergent an elite and cost‐effective product.