bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease among adult participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort: association with race and socioeconomic position
Authors: Barreto Sandhi M , Ladeira Roberto M , Duncan Bruce B , Schmidt Maria Ines , Lopes Antonio A , Benseñor Isabela M , Chor Dora , Griep Rosane H , Vidigal Pedro G , Ribeiro Antonio L , Lotufo Paulo A , Mill José Geraldo 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThere is increased interest in understanding why chronic kidney disease (CKD) rates vary across races and socioeconomic groups. We investigated the distribution of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) and CKD according to these factors in Brazilian adults.MethodsUsing baseline data (2008–2010) of 14 636 public sector employees (35–74 years) enrolled in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA)-Brasil multicentre cohort, we estimated the prevalence of CKD by sex, age, race and socioeconomic factors. CKD was defined as ACR≥30 mg/g and/or eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2. GFR was estimated by CKD epidemiology collaboration without correction for race. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of race and socioeconomic position (education, income, social class and occupational nature) with CKD after adjusting for sex, age and several health-related factors.ResultsThe prevalence of high ACR or low eGFR, in isolation and combined, increased with age, and was higher in individuals with lower socioeconomic position and among black individuals and indigenous individuals. The overall prevalence of CKD was 8.9%. After full adjustments, it was similar in men and women (OR=0.90; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.02) and increased with age (OR=1.07; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.08). Compared to white individuals, black individuals (OR=1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.47), ‘pardos’ (OR=1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) and Indigenous (OR=1.72; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.76) people had higher odds for CKD. Having high school (OR=1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) or elementary education (OR=1.23; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.47) increased the odds for CKD compared to those having a university degree.ConclusionsThere were marked discrepancies in the increases in reduced eGFR and high ACR with age and race. The higher prevalences of CKD in individuals with lower educational status and in non-whites were not explained by differences in health-related factors.
Ans, SProduction Inventory Controlled Self-Service Queuing System
Authors: Nair Anoop N. , Jacob M. J. 
Published: October 2015

We consider a multiserver Markovian queuing system where each server provides service only to one customer. Arrival of customers is according to a Poisson process and whenever a customer leaves the system after getting service, that server is also removed from the system. Here the servers are considered as a standards, Sproduction inventory. Behavior of this system is studied using a three-dimensional QBD process. The condition for checking ergodicity and the steady state solutions are obtained using matrix analytic method. Unlike classical queuing models, the number of servers varies in this model according to an inventory policy.
Fc Gamma Receptor 3A and 2A Polymorphisms Do Not Predict Response to Rituximab in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Kenkre Vaishalee P. , Hong Fangxin , Cerhan James R. , Lewis Marcia , Sullivan Leslie , Williams Michael E. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Horning Sandra J. , Kahl Brad S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical studies suggest that SNPs in the Fc gamma receptor (FCGR) genes influence response to rituximab, but the clinical relevance of this is uncertain.
Experimental Design: We prospectively obtained specimens for genotyping in the rituximab extended schedule or re-treatment trial (RESORT) study, in which 408 previously untreated, low tumor burden follicular lymphoma (FL) patients were treated with single agent rituximab. Patients received rituximab in 4 weekly doses and responders were randomized to rituximab re-treatment (RR) upon progression versus maintenance rituximab (MR). SNP genotyping was performed in 321 consenting patients.
Results: Response rates to initial therapy and response duration were correlated with the FCGR3A SNP at position 158 (rs396991) and the FCGR2A SNP at position 131 (rs1801274). The response rate to initial rituximab was 71%. No FCGR genotypes or grouping of genotypes were predictive of initial response. A total of 289 patients were randomized to RR (n = 143) or to MR (n = 146). With a median follow-up of 5.5 years, the 3-year response duration in the RR arm and the MR arm was 50% and 78%, respectively. Genotyping was available in 235 of 289 randomized patients. In patients receiving RR (n = 115) or MR (n = 120), response duration was not associated with any FCGR genotypes or genotype combinations.
Conclusions: Based on this analysis of treatment-naïve, low tumor burden FL, we conclude that the FCGR3A and FCGR2A SNPs do not confer differential responsiveness to rituximab. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 821–6. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Cartron et al., p. 787
Right-Sizing Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Clinical Trials in Breast Cancer
Authors: Berry Donald A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
I describe a simple and intuitive method for finding sample size for clinical trials in primary breast cancer based on neoadjuvant trial results and using the FDA's patient-level meta-analysis. Then I explain a problem with this method and how the problem can be remedied. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 3–5. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Hatzis et al., p. 26
Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Women Scheduled for Breast Biopsy
Authors: Atwell Lauren L. , Zhang Zhenzhen , Mori Motomi , Farris Paige E. , Vetto John T. , Naik Arpana M. , Oh Karen Y. , Thuillier Philippe , Ho Emily , Shannon Jackilen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpidemiologic studies suggest a protective effect of cruciferous vegetables on breast cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN), an active food component derived from crucifers, has been shown to be effective in breast cancer chemoprevention. This study evaluated the chemopreventive effect of SFN on selective biomarkers from blood and breast tissues. In a 2- to 8-week double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 54 women with abnormal mammograms and scheduled for breast biopsy were randomized to consume a placebo or a glucoraphanin (GFN) supplement providing SFN (n = 27). Plasma and urinary SFN metabolites, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and tissue biomarkers (H3K18ac, H3K9ac, HDAC3, HDAC6, Ki-67, p21) were measured before and after the intervention in benign, ductal carcinoma in situ, or invasive ductal carcinoma breast tissues. Within the supplement group, Ki-67 (P = 0.003) and HDAC3 (P = 0.044) levels significantly decreased in benign tissue. Pre-to-postintervention changes in these biomarkers were not significantly different between treatment groups after multiple comparison adjustment. GFN supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in PBMC HDAC activity (P = 0.04). No significant associations were observed between SFN and examined tissue biomarkers when comparing treatment groups. This study provides evidence that GFN supplementation for a few weeks is safe but may not be sufficient for producing changes in breast tissue tumor biomarkers. Future studies employing larger sample sizes should evaluate alternative dosing and duration regimens to inform dietary SFN strategies in breast cancer chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res; 8(12); 1184–91. ©2015 AACR.
Comparison of the Superagonist Complex, ALT-803, to IL15 as Cancer Immunotherapeutics in Animal Models
Authors: Rhode Peter R. , Egan Jack O. , Xu Wenxin , Hong Hao , Webb Gabriela M. , Chen Xiaoyue , Liu Bai , Zhu Xiaoyun , Wen Jinghai , You Lijing , Kong Lin , Edwards Ana C. , Han Kaiping , Shi Sixiang , Alter Sarah , Sacha Jonah B. , Jeng Emily K. , Cai Weibo , Wong Hing C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIL15, a potent stimulant of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, is a promising cancer immunotherapeutic. ALT-803 is a complex of an IL15 superagonist mutant and a dimeric IL15 receptor αSu/Fc fusion protein that was found to exhibit enhanced biologic activity in vivo, with a substantially longer serum half-life than recombinant IL15. A single intravenous dose of ALT-803, but not IL15, eliminated well-established tumors and prolonged survival of mice bearing multiple myeloma. In this study, we extended these findings to demonstrate the superior antitumor activity of ALT-803 over IL15 in mice bearing subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma tumors and CT26 colon carcinoma metastases. Tissue biodistribution studies in mice also showed much greater retention of ALT-803 in the lymphoid organs compared with IL15, consistent with its highly potent immunostimulatory and antitumor activities in vivo. Weekly dosing with 1 mg/kg ALT-803 in C57BL/6 mice was well tolerated, yet capable of increasing peripheral blood lymphocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts by &gt;8-fold. ALT-803 dose-dependent stimulation of immune cell infiltration into the lymphoid organs was also observed. Similarly, cynomolgus monkeys treated weekly with ALT-803 showed dose-dependent increases of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, including NK, CD4+, and CD8+ memory T-cell subsets. In vitro studies demonstrated ALT-803–mediated stimulation of mouse and human immune cell proliferation and IFNγ production without inducing a broad-based release of other proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., cytokine storm). Based on these results, a weekly dosing regimen of ALT-803 has been implemented in multiple clinical studies to evaluate the dose required for effective immune cell stimulation in humans. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(1); 49–60. ©2015 AACR.
Edoxaban: Impact on routine and specific coagulation assays
Authors: Chatelain Bernard , Chatelain Christian , Douxfils Jonathan , Dogné Jean-Michel , Mullier François 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAssessment of plasma concentration/effect of edoxaban may be useful in some situations. Also, clinicians need to know how routine coagulation assays are influenced. It was our aim to determine coagulation tests useful for the assessment of edoxaban’s pharmacodynamics and provide recommendations for the interpretation of haemostasis diagnostic tests. Edoxaban was spiked at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1,000 ng/ml in platelet-poor plasma which covers the on-therapy range (from ± 25 ng/ml at Ctrough to ± 170 ng/ml at Cmax). aPTT, PT, dRVVT, chromogenic anti-Xa assays, TGA and a large panel of haemostasis diagnostic tests were performed using several reagents. A concentration-dependent prolongation of aPTT, PT and dRVVT was observed. The effect was dependent on the reagents. FXa chromogenic assays showed high sensitivity and a linear correlation depending on the methodology. TGA may be useful to assess the pharmacodynamics of edoxaban but its turnaround time and the lack of standardisation are limitations. Edoxaban impairs the assessment of lupus anticoagulant, protein S (clotting method), APC-R, antithrombin (FXa-based assay) and measurement of clotting factor activity. Immunological assays and assays acting below the FXa are not influenced by edoxaban. In conclusion, some PT reagents could be used to estimate edoxaban activity. Chromogenic anti-Xa assays are required to assess the plasma concentration. TGA may be useful but requires standardisation. In case of thrombophilia or in the exploration of a haemorrhagic event, immunological assays should be recommended, when applicable. Standardisation of the time between the last intake and the sampling is mandatory to provide a proper assessment of the result.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Variation and Trends in the Documentation of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in GWTG-Stroke Hospitals
Authors: Reeves Mathew J. , Smith Eric E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Zhao Xin , Thompson Michael , Peterson Eric D. , Schwamm Lee H. , Olson DaiWai 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Although National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is an important prognostic variable, it is often incompletely documented in clinical registries, such as Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)–Stroke. We describe trends in NIHSS documentation by GWTG-Stroke hospitals, identify patient-level and hospital-level factors associated with documentation, and determine the degree to which the reporting of NIHSS is potentially biased.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed NIHSS documentation in 1 184 288 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to 1704 GWTG-Stroke hospitals between 2003 and 2012. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify hospital-level and patient-level predictors of NIHSS documentation. We examined the relationship between hospital-level NIHSS documentation rates and observed NIHSS scores to determine whether the reporting of NIHSS data was subject to selection bias. The overall NIHSS documentation rate was 56.1%; the median NIHSS was 4 (interquartile range, 2–9). Between 2003 and 2012, mean hospital-level NIHSS documentation increased dramatically from 27% to 70% (
P
<0.0001). Documentation was higher in patients who arrived by ambulance, who arrived soon after onset, and were treated at larger, primary stroke centers. Hospital-level NIHSS documentation rates and NIHSS scores were modestly inversely correlated (
r
=−0.207;
P
<0.0001), suggesting that NIHSS data from hospitals with low documentation were shifted toward higher values. In sensitivity analysis, the degree of bias in NIHSS reporting was reduced in more recent years (2011–2012) when NIHSS documentation was noticeably better.

Conclusions—
Documentation of NIHSS is higher in patients who are thrombolysis candidates. Evidence of modest bias in NIHSS scores was observed but this has lessened as the documentation of NIHSS has improved in recent years.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes After Hemorrhagic Stroke in Pregnancy
Authors: Leffert Lisa R. , Clancy Caitlin R. , Bateman Brian T. , Cox Margueritte , Schulte Phillip J. , Smith Eric E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schwamm Lee H. , Kuklina Elena V. , George Mary G. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Hospitalizations for pregnancy-related stroke are rare but increasing. Hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ie, subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage, is more common than ischemic stroke in pregnant versus nonpregnant women, reflecting different phenotypes or risk factors. We compared stroke risk factors and outcomes in pregnant versus nonpregnant HS in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry.

Methods and Results—

Using medical history or
International Classification of Diseases
-
Ninth Revision
codes, we identified 330 pregnant and 10 562 nonpregnant female patients aged 18 to 44 years with HS in Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (2008–2014). Differences in patient and care characteristics were compared by χ
2
or Fisher exact test (categorical variables) or Wilcoxon rank-sum (continuous variables) tests. Conditional logistic regression assessed the association of pregnancy with outcomes conditional on categorical age and further adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics. Pregnant versus nonpregnant HS patients were younger with fewer pre-existing stroke risk factors and medications. Pregnant versus nonpregnant subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were less impaired at arrival, and less than half met blood pressure criteria for severe preeclampsia. In-hospital mortality was lower in pregnant versus nonpregnant HS patients: adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for subarachnoid hemorrhage 0.17 (0.06–0.45) and intracerebral hemorrhage 0.57 (0.34–0.94). Pregnant subarachnoid hemorrhage patients also had a higher likelihood of home discharge (2.60 [1.67–4.06]) and independent ambulation at discharge (2.40 [1.56–3.70]).

Conclusions—
Pregnant HS patients are younger and have fewer risk factors than their nonpregnant counterparts, and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality is lower. Our findings suggest possible differences in underlying disease pathophysiology and challenges to identifying at-risk patients.
Effect of Warfarin Treatment on Survival of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL)
Authors: Preston Ioana R. , Roberts Kari E. , Miller Dave P. , Sen Ginny P. , Selej Mona , Benton Wade W. , Hill Nicholas S. , Farber Harrison W. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Long-term anticoagulation is recommended in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). In contrast, limited data support anticoagulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH). We assessed the effect of warfarin anticoagulation on survival in IPAH and SSc-PAH patients enrolled in Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL), a longitudinal registry of group I PAH.

Methods and Results—

Patients who initiated warfarin on study (n=187) were matched 1:1 with patients never on warfarin, by enrollment site, etiology, and diagnosis status. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare warfarin users and nonusers by etiology. Survival analyses with and without risk adjustment were performed from the time of warfarin initiation or a corresponding quarterly update in matched pairs to avoid immortal time bias. Time-varying covariate models were used as sensitivity analyses. Mean warfarin treatment was 1 year; mean international normalized ratios were 1.9 (IPAH) and 2.0 (SSc-PAH). Two-thirds of patients initiating warfarin discontinued treatment before the last study assessment. There was no survival difference with warfarin in IPAH patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37;
P
=0.21) or in SSc-PAH patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.60;
P
=0.15) in comparison with matched controls. However, SSc-PAH patients receiving warfarin within the previous year (hazard ratio, 1.57;
P
=0.031) or any time postbaseline (hazard ratio, 1.49;
P
=0.046) had increased mortality in comparison with warfarin-naïve patients.

Conclusions—
No significant survival advantage was observed in IPAH patients who started warfarin. In SSc-PAH patients, long-term warfarin was associated with poorer survival than in patients not receiving warfarin, even after adjusting for confounders.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00370214.
The Atlas Massif separates a northern and a southern mitochondrial haplotype group of North African water frogs Pelophylax saharicus (Anura: Ranidae) in Morocco
Authors: Lansari Aziza , Vences Miguel , Hauswaldt Susanne , Hendrix Ralf , Donaire David , Bouazza Abdellah , Joger Ulrich , El Mouden El Hassan , Slimani Tahar 
Published: October 2015

We assessed the genetic variation of 47 Moroccan populations of the North African water frog (Pelophylax saharicus) using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). All 239 samples belonged to the main haplotype clade previously identified from Morocco, with no haplotypes of the Algerian/Tunisian clades among our samples. Altogether 40 haplotypes were found, with a maximum of 13 mutational steps between them. Two weakly divergent haplogroups separated by a minimum of six mutational steps were distributed (i) in the Anti-Atlas and the Sahara (south of the High Atlas Mountains) versus (ii) in the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas, and in the Rif area north of the Atlas Massif. Haplotypes of the northern haplogroup were found at the southernmost locality, which might be due to human translocation, and co-occurrence of the two haplogroups was recorded at three sites within the range of the northern haplogroup.
An Assessment of Diurnal and Seasonal Cloud Cover Changes over the Hawaiian Islands Using Terra and Aqua MODIS*
Authors: Barnes Mallory L. , Miura Tomoaki , Giambelluca Thomas W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the spatial, seasonal, and diurnal patterns in cloud cover frequency over the Hawaiian Islands was developed using high-resolution image data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. The Terra and Aqua MODIS cloud mask products, which provide the confidence that a given 1-km pixel is unobstructed by cloud, were obtained for the entire MODIS time series (10-plus years) over the main Hawaiian Islands. Monthly statistics were generated from the daily cloud mask data, including mean cloud cover frequency at the four daily overpass times. The derived mean cloud cover frequency showed patterns that were generally consistent with the known distribution of mean rainfall and with the results from previous studies. Cloud cover frequency was the highest over land areas with elevations between the lifting condensation level (~600 m) and the mean height of the trade wind inversion (TWI) base (~2200 m), especially for the windward (northeastern) mountain slopes. Above the TWI, cloud frequency decreased sharply with elevation. Irrespective of season, cloud cover frequency was generally higher in the afternoon than in the morning and higher in daytime than at nighttime although these trends varied spatially. The dry season months (May–October) were less cloudy than the wet season months (November–April) at nighttime. The analysis also revealed a local December–January minimum in the annual cycle of cloud cover frequency. The monthly time series produced in this study is the first high-spatial-resolution cloud cover dataset in Hawaii.
Radiative Impacts of the 2011 Abrupt Drops in Water Vapor and Ozone in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Gilford Daniel M. , Solomon Susan , Portmann Robert W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An abrupt drop in tropical tropopause layer (TTL) water vapor, similar to that observed in 2000, recently occurred in 2011, and was concurrent with reductions in TTL temperature and ozone. Previous studies have indicated that such large water vapor variability can have significant radiative impacts. This study uses Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations, the Stratospheric Water Vapor and Ozone Satellite Homogenized dataset, and two radiative transfer models to examine the radiative effects of the observed changes in TTL water vapor and ozone on TTL temperatures and global radiative forcing (RF). The analyses herein suggest that quasi-isentropic poleward propagation of TTL water vapor reductions results in a zonal-mean structure with “wings” of extratropical water vapor reductions, which account for about half of the 2011 abrupt drop global radiative impact. RF values associated with the mean water vapor concentrations differences between 2012/13 and 2010/11 are between −0.01 and −0.09 W m−2, depending upon the altitude above which perturbations are considered. TTL water vapor and ozone variability during this period jointly lead to a transient radiative cooling of ~0.25–0.5 K in layers below the tropopause. The 2011 abrupt drop also prolonged the reduction in stratospheric water vapor that followed the 2000 abrupt drop, providing a longer-term radiative forcing of climate. Water vapor concentrations from 2005 to 2013 are lower than those from 1990 to 1999, resulting in a RF between these periods of about −0.045 W m−2, approximately 12% as large as, but of opposite sign to, the concurrent estimated CO2 forcing.