bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Psychoanalytic Concept of Community (I): Consideration of Current Concepts
Authors: Koh Eugen , Twemlow Stuart W. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract“Community” is a word that is used frequently in everyday exchanges and, increasingly, in public policies and government funding strategies. Mental health promotion campaigns strongly promote “community‐focused” initiatives. The predominant discourse on the topic of “community” has been from socio‐political perspectives. Very little has been written specifically about the nature of communities, or their psychodynamics, from a psychoanalytic perspective. This paper, the first of three, considers three major conceptualizations of communities – philosophical, sociological and ecological – from a psychoanalytic perspective. Within this paradigm, a community, unless arbitrarily defined, is as much a subjective notion as it is an objective entity. Psychoanalysis has much to add to the current thinking on this subject by adding a description of its dynamic qualities, and highlighting the subjective experience (both individual and collective, conscious and unconscious) of communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase 2, multicenter, open‐label study of sepantronium bromide (YM155) plus docetaxel in patients with stage III (unresectable) or stage IV melanoma
Authors: Kudchadkar Ragini , Ernst Scott , Chmielowski Bartosz , Redman Bruce G. , Steinberg Joyce , Keating Anne , Jie Fei , Chen Caroline , Gonzalez Rene , Weber Jeffrey 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSurvivin is a microtubule‐associated protein believed to be involved in preserving cell viability and regulating tumor cell mitosis, and it is overexpressed in many primary tumor types, including melanoma. YM155 is a first‐in‐class survivin suppressant. The purpose of this Phase 2 study was to evaluate the 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) rate in patients with unresectable Stage III or IV melanoma receiving a combination of YM155 plus docetaxel. The study had two parts: Part 1 established the dose of docetaxel that was tolerable in combination with YM155, and Part 2 evaluated the tolerable docetaxel dose (75 mg/m2) in combination with YM155 (5 mg/m2 per day continuous infusion over 168 h every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was 6‐month PFS rate. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), 1‐year overall survival (OS) rate, time from first response to progression, clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety. Sixty‐four patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with docetaxel and YM155. Eight patients received an initial docetaxel dose of 100 mg/m2 and 56 patients received 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel. Six‐month PFS rate per Independent Review Committee (IRC) was 34.8% (n = 64; 95% CI, 21.3–48.6%), and per Investigator was 31.3% (n = 64; 95% CI, 19.5–43.9%). The best ORR (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) per IRC was 12.5% (8/64). The stable disease (SD) rate was 51.6% (33/64), leading to a CBR (CR + PR + SD) of 64.1% (41/64). Estimated probability of 1‐year survival was 56.3%. YM155 is a novel agent showing modest activity when combined with docetaxel for treating patients with melanoma. YM155 was generally well tolerated, but the predetermined primary efficacy endpoint (i.e., 6‐month PFS rate ≥20%) was not achieved.
Skeletal Platinum Nanostructures with High Surface Area on a Substrate by Chemical Reduction Deposition with Ammonium Carbonate
Authors: Gopalan Nishanth K. , Zhang Shupeng , Du Donghe , Li Pengcheng , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNoble metals such as platinum are excellent catalysts. Increasing the surface area of these metal catalysts is important for their practical application. We report a facile method to directly deposit skeletal platinum nanostructures through the chemical reduction of its precursor. Although porous platinum structures can be deposited on a substrate through the chemical reduction of H2PtCl6 with ethylene glycol vapor, their electrochemical surface area is 13.2 m2g−1, comparable to the commercial platinum black. The surface area is significantly increased by mixing (NH4)2CO3 into H2PtCl6 in the solid state. (NH4)2CO3 decomposes at relatively low temperature, giving rise to skeletal H2PtCl6. The reduction of H2PtCl6 with ethylene glycol vapor at 190 °C leads to the deposition of skeletal Pt nanostructures. The electrochemical surface area of the skeletal Pt nanostructures can be as high as 36.3 m2g−1. The electrocatalytic activity also increases significantly.
Reversible Photoswitching of RNA Hybridization at Room Temperature with an Azobenzene C‐Nucleoside
Authors: Goldau Thomas , Murayama Keiji , Brieke Clara , Steinwand Sabrina , Mondal Padmabati , Biswas Mithun , Burghardt Irene , Wachtveitl Josef , Asanuma Hiroyuki , Heckel Alexander 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhotoregulation of RNA remains a challenging task as the introduction of a photoswitch entails changes in the shape and the stability of the duplex that strongly depend on the chosen linker strategy. Herein, the influence of a novel nucleosidic linker moiety on the photoregulation efficiency of azobenzene is investigated. To this purpose, two azobenzene C‐nucleosides were stereoselectively synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into RNA oligonucleotides. Spectroscopic characterization revealed a reversible and fast switching process, even at 20 °C, and a high thermal stability of the respective cis isomers. The photoregulation efficiency of RNA duplexes upon trans‐to‐cis isomerization was investigated by using melting point studies and compared with the known D‐threoninol‐based azobenzene system, revealing a photoswitching amplitude of the new residues exceeding 90 % even at room temperature. Structural changes in the duplexes upon photoisomerization were investigated by using MM/MD calculations. The excellent photoswitching performance at room temperature and the high thermal stability make these new azobenzene residues promising candidates for in‐vivo and nanoarchitecture photoregulation applications of RNA.
Phase 2 multi‐institutional trial evaluating gemcitabine and stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Herman Joseph M. , Chang Daniel T. , Goodman Karyn A. , Dholakia Avani S. , Raman Siva P. , Hacker‐Prietz Amy , Iacobuzio‐Donahue Christine A. , Griffith Mary E. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Pai Jonathan S. , O'Reilly Eileen , Fisher George A. , Wild Aaron T. , Rosati Lauren M. , Zheng Lei , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Laheru Daniel A. , Columbo Laurie A. , Sugar Elizabeth A. , Koong Albert C. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDThis phase 2 multi‐institutional study was designed to determine whether gemcitabine (GEM) with fractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) results in acceptable late grade 2 to 4 gastrointestinal toxicity when compared with a prior trial of GEM with single‐fraction SBRT in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).METHODSA total of 49 patients with LAPC received up to 3 doses of GEM (1000 mg/m2) followed by a 1‐week break and SBRT (33.0 gray [Gy] in 5 fractions). After SBRT, patients continued to receive GEM until disease progression or toxicity. Toxicity was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0] and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group radiation morbidity scoring criteria. Patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ‐C30) and pancreatic cancer‐specific QLQ‐PAN26 module before SBRT and at 4 weeks and 4 months after SBRT.RESULTSThe median follow‐up was 13.9 months (range, 3.9‐45.2 months). The median age of the patients was 67 years and 84% had tumors of the pancreatic head. Rates of acute and late (primary endpoint) grade ≥2 gastritis, fistula, enteritis, or ulcer toxicities were 2% and 11%, respectively. QLQ‐C30 global quality of life scores remained stable from baseline to after SBRT (67 at baseline, median change of 0 at both follow‐ups; P>.05 for both). Patients reported a significant improvement in pancreatic pain (P = .001) 4 weeks after SBRT on the QLQ‐PAN26 questionnaire. The median plasma carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) level was reduced after SBRT (median time after SBRT, 4.2 weeks; 220 U/mL vs 62 U/mL [P<.001]). The median overall survival was 13.9 months (95% confidence interval, 10.2 months‐16.7 months). Freedom from local disease progression at 1 year was 78%. Four patients (8%) underwent margin‐negative and lymph node‐negative surgical resections.CONCLUSIONSFractionated SBRT with GEM results in minimal acute and late gastrointestinal toxicity. Future studies should incorporate SBRT with more aggressive multiagent chemotherapy. Cancer 2015;121:1128–1137. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Melanopsin ganglion cells extend dendrites into the outer retina during early postnatal development
Authors: Renna Jordan M. , Chellappa Deepa K. , Ross Christopher L. , Stabio Maureen E. , Berson David M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMelanopsin ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are the first functional photoreceptors to develop in the mammalian retina. They have been shown to play a variety of important roles in visual development and behavior in the early postnatal period (Johnson et al., 2010; Kirkby and Feller, 2013; Rao et al., 2013; Renna et al., 2011). Here, we probed the maturation of the dendritic arbors of melanopsin ganglion cells during this developmental period in mice. We found that some melanopsin ganglion cells (mainly the M1‐subtype) transiently extend their dendrites not only into the inner plexiform layer (where they receive synaptic inputs from bipolar and amacrine cells) but also into the outer plexiform layer, where in mature retina, rod and cone photoreceptors are thought to contact only bipolar and horizontal cells. Thus, some immature melanopsin ganglion cells are biplexiform. This feature is much less common although still present in the mature retina. It reaches peak incidence 8–12 days after birth, before the eyes open and bipolar cells are sufficiently mature to link rods and cones to ganglion cells. At this age, some outer dendrites of melanopsin ganglion cells lie in close apposition to the axon terminals of cone photoreceptors and express a postsynaptic marker of glutamatergic transmission, postsynaptic density‐95 protein (PSD‐95). These findings raise the possibility of direct, monosynaptic connections between cones and melanopsin ganglion cells in the early postnatal retina. We provide a detailed description of the developmental profile of these processes and consider their possible functional and evolutionary significance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 935–946, 2015
Different Contributions of Aliphatic and Conjugated Organic Cations to Both the Crystal and Electronic Structures: Three Hybrid Iodoargentates Showing Two Isomers of the (AgI2)– Chain
Authors: Liu Guang‐Ning , Liu Le‐Le , Chu Ya‐Nan , Sun Yi‐Qiang , Zhang Zhen‐Wei , Li Cuncheng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree new hybrid iodoargentates (H2pipe)0.5(α‐AgI2) (1), (Me2teda)0.5(α‐AgI2) (2), and (H2dpe)0.5(β‐AgI2) (3) have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions, whereby the aliphatic organic cations (H2pipe)2+ and (Me2teda)2+ (pipe = piperazine, teda = triethylenediamine) and the conjugated organic cation (H2dpe)2+ [dpe = 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene] exhibit different contributions to both the crystal and electronic structures. The (H2pipe)2+ and (Me2teda)2+ cations direct the formation of α‐type (AgI2)– polyanionic chains and influence the bandgaps of 1 and 2 indirectly by modulating the iodoargentate anionic structures. By contrast, the (H2dpe)2+ cation directs the formation of a novel β‐type (AgI2)– chain and changes the bandgap of 3 directly to make up the bottom of the conduction band. From 1 and 2 to 3, a direct to indirect bandgap transformation and reduced bandgap can be observed (3.74, 2.88, and 1.99 eV for 1–3, respectively). Relative to the bandgap of bulk AgI2, the bandgaps of 1 and 2 show a blueshift as a result of the quantum confinement effect, whereas the bandgap of 3 shows a redshift owing to the direct participation of the conjugated cation (H2dpe)2+ in adjusting the bandgap.
Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Chalcogenyl‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones by Chalcogen‐Mediated Yne–Carbamate Cyclisation: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Monleón Alicia , Blay Gonzalo , Domingo Luis R. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA very efficient synthesis of 5‐chalcogenyl‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones has been accomplished by the chalcogen‐mediated yne–carbamate cyclisation of chiral, non‐racemic N‐Cbz‐protected propargylic amines using PhXY (X = Se, S, Te; Y = Br or Cl) as electrophile sources. The reactions gave good‐to‐excellent yields for a wide range of substrates. In all cases the reaction was totally regioselective, occurring by a 6‐endo‐dig process regardless of the nature of the reagent and of the substituents in the starting material. This methodology permits the formation of the 1,3‐oxazin‐2‐one moiety as well as the simultaneous installation of a chalcogen functionality onto the heterocyclic ring. The experimental results have been rationalised by theoretical studies at the B3LYP/6‐311G* level of theory.
Dependence of Stereoelectronic and Charge Effects on pKa Values of 1,3‐Dithiane‐Derived Sulfides, Sulfoxides, and Sulfones: An Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: Süveges Bastian D. , Podlech Joachim 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe pKa values of conformationally fixed 1,3‐dithianes were investigated with experimental and theoretical methods to gain an insight into the influence of the relative orientation of the acidic proton and the stabilising S=O or S–C bonds. Experimental values were determined with a modification of the spectrophotometric method using overlapping indicators developed by Bordwell; theoretical values were obtained with the proton exchange methods using DFT calculations. It turned out that stereoelectronic stabilisation is important for sulfides and sulfoxides, whereas charge effects become dominant in sulfones. Deprotonation of the equatorial proton is favoured for most of the compounds except for the equatorial/axial bis‐sulfoxide.
Effects of sediment pulses on bed relief in bar‐pool channels
Authors: Zunka John P. P. , Tullos Desiree D. , Lancaster Stephen T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo further develop prediction of the range of morphological adjustments associated with sediment pulses in bar‐pool channels, we analyze channel bed topographic data collected prior to and following the removal of two dams in Oregon: Marmot Dam on the Sandy River and Brownsville Dam on the Calapooia River. We hypothesize that, in gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels, the response of bed relief to sand and gravel sediment pulses is a function of initial relief and pulse magnitude. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially low‐relief, sediment‐poor cross‐sections will increase bed relief and variance of bed relief via bar deposition. Modest increases in sediment supply to initially high‐relief cross‐sections, characteristic of alternate bar morphology, will result in decreased bed relief and variance of relief via deposition in bar‐adjacent pools. These hypothesized adjustments are measured in terms of bed relief, which we define as the difference in elevation between the pool‐bottom and bar‐top. We evaluate how relief varies with sediment thickness, where both relief and mean sediment thickness at a cross‐section are normalized by the 90th percentile of observed relief values within a reach prior to a sediment pulse. Field measurements generally supported the stated hypotheses, demonstrating how introduction of a sediment pulse to low‐relief reaches can increase mean and variance of relief, while introduction to high‐relief reaches can decrease the mean and variance of bed relief, at least temporarily. In general, at both sites, the degree of impact increased with the thickness of sediment delivered to the cross‐section. Results thus suggest that the analysis is a useful step for understanding the morphological effects of sediment pulses introduced to gravel‐bed, bar‐pool channels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrative Analysis of Micro‐RNA, Gene Expression, and Survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Huang Yen‐Tsung , Hsu Thomas , Kelsey Karl T. , Lin Chien‐Ling 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common type of malignant brain tumor, is highly fatal. Limited understanding of its rapid progression necessitates additional approaches that integrate what is known about the genomics of this cancer. Using a discovery set (n= 348) and a validation set (n= 174) of GBM patients, we performed genome‐wide analyses that integrated mRNA and micro‐RNA expression data from GBM as well as associated survival information, assessing coordinated variability in each as this reflects their known mechanistic functions. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the survival analyses, and nonparametric permutation tests were performed for the micro‐RNAs to investigate the association between the number of associated genes and its prognostication. We also utilized mediation analyses for micro‐RNA‐gene pairs to identify their mediation effects. Genome‐wide analyses revealed a novel pattern: micro‐RNAs related to more gene expressions are more likely to be associated with GBM survival (P= 4.8 × 10−5). Genome‐wide mediation analyses for the 32,660 micro‐RNA‐gene pairs with strong association (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.01%) identified 51 validated pairs with significant mediation effect. Of the 51 pairs, miR‐223 had 16 mediation genes. These 16 mediation genes of miR‐223 were also highly associated with various other micro‐RNAs and mediated their prognostic effects as well. We further constructed a gene signature using the 16 genes, which was highly associated with GBM survival in both the discovery and validation sets (P= 9.8 × 10−6). This comprehensive study discovered mediation effects of micro‐RNA to gene expression and GBM survival and provided a new analytic framework for integrative genomics.
Principal Component Regression and Linear Mixed Model in Association Analysis of Structured Samples: Competitors or Complements?
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been established as a major tool to identify genetic variants associated with complex traits, such as common diseases. However, GWAS may suffer from false positives and false negatives due to confounding population structures, including known or unknown relatedness. Another important issue is unmeasured environmental risk factors. Among many methods for adjusting for population structures, two approaches stand out: one is principal component regression (PCR) based on principal component analysis, which is perhaps the most popular due to its early appearance, simplicity, and general effectiveness; the other is based on a linear mixed model (LMM) that has emerged recently as perhaps the most flexible and effective, especially for samples with complex structures as in model organisms. As shown previously, the PCR approach can be regarded as an approximation to an LMM; such an approximation depends on the number of the top principal components (PCs) used, the choice of which is often difficult in practice. Hence, in the presence of population structure, the LMM appears to outperform the PCR method. However, due to the different treatments of fixed vs. random effects in the two approaches, we show an advantage of PCR over LMM: in the presence of an unknown but spatially confined environmental confounder (e.g., environmental pollution or lifestyle), the PCs may be able to implicitly and effectively adjust for the confounder whereas the LMM cannot. Accordingly, to adjust for both population structures and nongenetic confounders, we propose a hybrid method combining the use and, thus, strengths of PCR and LMM. We use real genotype data and simulated phenotypes to confirm the above points, and establish the superior performance of the hybrid method across all scenarios.
Treatment outcomes of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy versus 3D conformal radiotherapy for patients with maxillary sinus cancer in the postoperative setting
Authors: Suh Yang‐Gun , Lee Chang Geol , Kim Hyunju , Choi Eun Chang , Kim Se Hun , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Keum Ki Chang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn this study, we compared the treatment outcomes of postoperative 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT) and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma.MethodsFifty‐four patients underwent surgery and postoperative RT, of whom 27 (50%) had squamous cell carcinoma and 14 (26%) had adenoid cystic carcinoma. Nineteen patients (35%) were treated with IMRT and 35 patients (65%) received 3D conformal RT. The median radiation dose for 3D conformal RT and IMRT were 62.1 and 63 Gy, respectively.ResultsIMRT produced significantly superior radiation dose distribution to planning target volumes (PTVs) than 3D conformal RT. Over a median follow‐up of 60 months, IMRT provided better 3‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival (89.2% vs 59.5%; p = .035) and distant metastasis‐free survival (94.7% vs 55.3%; p = .042) rates than 3D conformal RT.ConclusionPostoperative IMRT for patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma resulted in excellent disease control, and should be considered as the first treatment option in these cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E207–E213, 2016
Hospital readmission and 30‐day mortality after surgery for oral cavity cancer: Analysis of 21,681 cases
Authors: Luryi Alexander L. , Chen Michelle M. , Mehra Saral , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundOral cavity squamous cell cancer (SCC) is treated primarily with surgery. Rates of 30‐day hospital readmission and mortality after surgery for oral cavity SCC are unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of postoperative 30‐day unplanned readmission and mortality in patients with oral cavity SCC in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB).ResultsAmong 21,681 cases, the 30‐day unplanned readmission rate was 3.2%, and the 30‐day mortality rate was 1.0%. Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23; p = .02), stage T3 (OR = 1.55; p = .007), or T4 (OR = 1.52; p = .002), and neck dissection (OR = 1.37; p = .04) were independently associated with readmission. Age 76 to 85 years (OR = 4.80; p < .001), age >85 years (OR = 10.24; p < .001), comorbidity index ≥1 (OR = 2.31; p < .001), and stage T3 (OR = 3.02; p < .001) or T4 (OR = 3.24; p < .001) were associated with 30‐day mortality.ConclusionInterventions aimed at decreasing hospital readmissions should target high‐risk patients identified here. Factors associated with 30‐day mortality reflect risk factors for overall mortality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E221–E226, 2016