bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passivhaustauglichkeit von Fensteranschlüssen entsprechend ift‐Richtlinie WA‐15/2‐Bauanschlussfugen Teil 1: Bewertung der energetischen Qualität und Dauerhaftigkeit
Authors: Leimer Hans‐Peter , Schneider Jan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractJedes Gebäude verfügt über eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Bauanschlussfugen. In Anbetracht der geforderten energetischen Qualität der Gebäudehülle müssen diese Bauanschlussfugen dauerhaft luftdicht hergestellt werden und über entsprechende wärmetechnische Eigenschaften verfügen, um die Einflussnahme auf das energetische Verhalten des Gebäudes zu reduzieren. Gerade die energetische Optimierung von Bauteilanschlüssen bzw. Wärmebrücken wurde in den letzten Jahren daher stark thematisiert. Die Bewertung und Untersuchung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Abdichtungssystemen hingegen hat noch nicht Einzug in die aktuelle Normung gehalten. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung beschäftigt sich daher mit der Bewertung der energetischen Qualität von Fensteranschlüssen einerseits sowie mit der Dauerhaftigkeit von marktgängigen Systemen andererseits.Passive house suitability of window connections according to the German ift guideline WA‐15/2 on component connections. Part 1: Evaluation of the energy performance and durability. Buildings have various component connections. In view of the required energetic quality of the building envelope component connections shall be durably airtight and have appropriate thermal properties to reduce the influence on the energy performance of the building. Especially the energy optimization of component connections or thermal bridges was discussed in recent years. The evaluation and analysis of the durability of joint seals did not enter the current standards yet. The presented study refers to the evaluation of the energetically quality of window connections and to the durability of marketable joint seals.
Spectroscopic and molecular simulation studies on the interaction of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate and human serum albumin
Authors: Wang Yaping , Zhang Guowen 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in industrial production, but may have a potential health risk. In this study, the binding characteristics of DEHP with human serum albumin (HSA) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 were determined using UV/vis absorption, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD), along with a molecular simulation technique. Analysis of the fluorescence titration data at different temperatures suggested that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of HSA by DEHP was static. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that hydrophobic forces played a predominant role in formation of the DEHP–HSA complex, but hydrogen bonds could not be omitted. Site marker competitive experiments and denaturation studies showed that the binding of DEHP to HSA primarily took place in subdomain IIA of HSA, and molecular docking results further corroborated the binding sites. The synchronous fluorescence, UV/vis absorption, FTIR and CD spectra revealed that the addition of DEHP induced changes in the secondary structure of HSA. Protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) tests indicated that DEHP binding to HSA caused an increase in the PSH. Moreover, the effects of some metal ions on the binding constant of DEHP − HSA interaction were also investigated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of regional trauma centralization on volume, injury severity and outcomes of injured patients admitted to trauma centres
Authors: Metcalfe D , Bouamra O , Parsons N R , Aletrari M-O , Lecky F E , Costa M L 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Centralization of complex healthcare services into specialist high-volume centres is believed to improve outcomes. For injured patients, few studies have evaluated the centralization of major trauma services. The aim of this study was to evaluate how a regional trauma network affected trends in admissions, case mix, and outcomes of injured patients.

Methods
A retrospective before–after study was undertaken of severely injured patients attending four hospitals that became major trauma centres (MTCs) in March 2012. Consecutive patients with major trauma were identified from a national registry and divided into two groups according to injury before or after the launch of a new trauma network. The two cohorts were compared for differences in case mix, demand on hospital resources, and outcomes.

Results
Patient volume increased from 442 to 1326 (200 per cent), operations from 349 to 1231 (253 per cent), critical care bed-days from 1100 to 3704 (237 per cent), and total hospital bed-days from 7910 to 22 772 (188 per cent). Patient age increased on MTC designation from 45·0 years before March 2012 to 48·2 years afterwards (P = 0·021), as did the proportion of penetrating injuries (1·8 versus 4·1 per cent; P = 0·025). Injury severity fell as measured by median Injury Severity Score (16 versus 14) and Revised Trauma Score (4·1 versus 7·8). Fewer patients required secondary transfer to a MTC from peripheral hospitals (19·9 versus 16·1 per cent; P = 0·100). There were no significant differences in total duration of hospital stay, critical care requirements or mortality. However, there was a significant increase, from 55·5 to 62·3 per cent (P &lt; 0·001), in the proportion of patients coded as having a ‘good recovery’ at discharge after institution of the trauma network.

Conclusion
MTC designation leads to an increased case volume with considerable implications for operating theatre capacity and bed occupancy. Although no mortality benefit was demonstrated within 6 months of establishing this trauma network, early detectable advantages included improved functional outcome at discharge.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging outperforms the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Salami Simpa S. , Vira Manish A. , Turkbey Baris , Fakhoury Mathew , Yaskiv Oksana , Villani Robert , Ben‐Levi Eran , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator for high‐grade (PCPTHG) prostate cancer (CaP) was developed to improve the detection of clinically significant CaP. In this study, the authors compared the performance of the PCPTHG against multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP‐MRI) in predicting men at risk of CaP.METHODSMen with an abnormal prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level or digital rectal examination (DRE) and a suspicious lesion on a 3‐Tesla MP‐MRI were enrolled prospectively. Three radiologists reviewed and graded all lesions on a 5‐point Likert scale. Biopsy of suspicious lesion(s) was performed using a proprietary MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐guided prostate biopsy system, after which 12‐core biopsy was performed. A genitourinary pathologist reviewed all pathology slides. The performance of PCPTHG was compared with that of MP‐MRI in predicting clinically significant CaP.RESULTSOf 175 men who were eligible for analysis, 64.6% (113 of 175 men) were diagnosed with CaP, including 93 of 113 men (82.3%) who had clinically significant disease. Age, abnormal DRE, PSA, PSA density, prostate size, extraprostatic extension on MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient value, and MRI lesion size were identified as significant predictors of high‐grade CaP (all P < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCPTHG for predicting high‐grade CaP was 0.676 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.592‐0.751). By using a risk cutoff of ≥15% for biopsy as, proposed previously for high‐grade CaP, sensitivity was 96.4%, specificity was 7.6%, and the false‐positive rate was 51.1%. In contrast, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MP‐MRI for high‐grade CaP was 0.769 (95% CI, 0.703‐0.834), and it was 0.812 (95% CI, 0.754‐0.869) for clinically significant CaP.CONCLUSIONSMP‐MRI outperforms PCPTHG in predicting clinically significant CaP, and its application may help select patients who will benefit from CaP diagnosis and treatment. Cancer 2014;120:2876–2882. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Effects of metformin on endometrial cancer cell growth in vivo: A preoperative prospective trial
Authors: Mitsuhashi Akira , Kiyokawa Takako , Sato Yasunori , Shozu Makio 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDMetformin, an antidiabetic drug, decreases the incidence of various cancers in diabetic patients. Metformin‐induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation has been confirmed in vitro but not in humans. Because endometrial cancer is associated with insulin resistance, the authors investigated whether a diabetes‐therapeutic metformin dose inhibits cancer cell growth in patients with endometrial cancer.METHODSA dose of metaformin was administered (1500‐2250 mg/day) to 31 patients with endometrial cancer preoperatively for 4 to 6 weeks. Cell proliferation was assessed in patient tissues using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses and DNA synthesis was measured in serum using a thymidine uptake assay. All statistical tests were 2‐sided. P values of < .05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTSPreoperative metformin treatment decreased DNA synthesis in sera and significantly reduced the Ki‐67 (mean proportional decrease, 44.2%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 35.4‐53.0 [P < .001]) and topoisomerase IIα (mean proportional decrease, 36.4%; 95% CI, 26.7‐46.0 [P < .001]) labeling indices. Levels of phospho‐ribosomal protein S6 and phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were found to be significantly decreased and phospho‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and p27 levels were significantly increased. Preoperative metformin use caused significant decreases in circulating factors, including insulin, glucose, insulin‐like growth factor 1, and leptin. DNA synthesis‐stimulating activity in patient sera was significantly decreased during metformin administration.CONCLUSIONSAn antidiabetic dose of metformin inhibited endometrial cancer cell growth in vivo, an effect likely due to its effect on humoral factor(s). This translational study provides considerable rationale to initiate large clinical trials. Cancer 2014;120:2986–2995. © American Cancer Society.
Shh‐proteoglycan interactions regulate maturation of olfactory glomerular circuitry
Authors: Persson Laura , Witt Rochelle M. , Galligan Meghan , Greer Paul L. , Eisner Adriana , Pazyra‐Murphy Maria F. , Datta Sandeep R. , Segal Rosalind A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe olfactory system relies on precise circuitry connecting olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and appropriate relay and processing neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB). In mammals, the exact correspondence between specific olfactory receptor types and individual glomeruli enables a spatially precise map of glomerular activation that corresponds to distinct odors. However, the mechanisms that govern the establishment and maintenance of the glomerular circuitry are largely unknown. Here we show that high levels of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling at multiple sites enable refinement and maintenance of olfactory glomerular circuitry. Mice expressing a mutant version of Shh (ShhAla/Ala), with impaired binding to proteoglycan co‐receptors, exhibit disproportionately small olfactory bulbs containing fewer glomeruli. Notably, in mutant animals the correspondence between individual glomeruli and specific olfactory receptors is lost, as olfactory sensory neurons expressing different olfactory receptors converge on the same glomeruli. These deficits arise at late stages in post‐natal development and continue into adulthood, indicating impaired pruning of erroneous connections within the olfactory bulb. In addition, mature ShhAla/Ala mice exhibit decreased proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ), with particular reduction in neurogenesis of calbindin‐expressing periglomerular cells. Thus, Shh interactions with proteoglycan co‐receptors function at multiple locations to regulate neurogenesis and precise olfactory connectivity, thereby promoting functional neuronal circuitry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 1255–1267, 2014
Estimation Methods of Short Circuit Current Using Normal PMU Measurements and Field Testing
Authors: Verma Suresh Chand , Nakachi Yoshiki , Wazawa Yoshihiko , Kosaka Yoko , Kobayashi Takenori , Omata Kazuya , Takabayashi Yoshiki 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes estimation methods for short circuit currents using phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements (phasors). The methods follow the basic notion of representing the source side of a power system by an equivalent circuit with a voltage behind a back impedance, and employ a set of voltage and current phasors measured at substations during the normal variation of loads in their estimation. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the proposed methods, the concept of using the changes between consecutive phasors is introduced. Furthermore, to make the methods applicable to a real‐world system, the concept of a reference phasor, used to remove the effects of system‐wide frequency variations and a filtering process to filter out the outlier phasors, is proposed and implemented. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods were checked and confirmed through experiments and field tests.
Copper‐Assisted Hemiacetal Synthesis: A CuII Chain Obtained by a One‐Step in situ Reaction of Picolinaldehyde
Authors: Dhal Piu , Sasmal Ashok , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Pilet Guillaume , Mitra Samiran 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe 1D polymer complex [Cu2(L)2(SCN)2]n (1) has been synthesised in a one‐step in situ reaction of picolinaldehyde with sodium thiocyanate. The complex 1 was characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of complex 1 shows that chains of dimer complexes are formed with tetra‐ and pentacoordinate copper centres alternately linked by one thiocyanato and two alkoxido bridges. Variable‐temperature magnetic measurements showed a strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the copper centres within the dimer mediated by the two alkoxido bridges with a J value of –374 cm–1, which is in agreement with the DFT‐calculated value of –284 cm–1. EPR and cyclic voltammetric analyses were also carried out, as well as DFT calculations to evaluate the packing forces and their energies.
Substituted Benzo[a]carbazoles and Indoleacetic Acids from Arylglyoxals and Enamines through Domino Condensation, Thermal Cyclization, and Aromatization
Authors: Maity Subhendu , Pathak Sudipta , Pramanik Animesh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA two‐step method has been developed in which cyclohexanone‐fused 2‐(3‐pyrrolyl)‐2‐cyanoacetamides, the condensation products of enamines, arylglyoxals, and malononitrile, are converted into highly substituted benzo[a]carbazoles through a one‐step thermal cyclization and palladium‐catalyzed aromatization. The biologically important indoleacetic acid derivatives are also obtained in good yields from the hydrolysis and aromatization of the same cyanoacetamides.
Autoxidation as a trigger for the slow release of volatile perfumery chemicals
Authors: Indradas Brinda , Hansen Christopher , Palmer Michael , Womack Gary B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTFinding suitable precursor molecules that extend the lifetime of perfumes by decomposing and releasing fragrant chemicals under relatively mild, ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. Although the majority of effort in this regard has been directed toward using hydrolysis reactions as the release event, autoxidation and subsequent fragmentation reactions also would appear to be well suited for this purpose given the constant exposure of deposited perfumes to atmospheric oxygen. Divinyl ethers, prepared from enolizable perfume aldehydes, have two olefin functions adjacent to the ether oxygen and were found to provide prolonged release of fragrant carbonyl compounds by an autoxidative fragmentation process. After deposition onto cotton terry cloth from a liquid fabric softener, dynamic headspace analysis showed the liberation of the parent aldehyde along with a one‐carbon smaller carbonyl compound and the enol formate ester of the parent aldehyde. Depending on the structure of the divinyl ether both liberated carbonyl compounds can be perfumery materials and both always were released from the cotton at significantly higher levels than the unmodified parent aldehydes used to prepare reference samples. Autoxidation of the divinyl ethers initiated by peroxy‐radical addition to alkene functions would account for the oxidative cleavage reactions yielding the smaller carbonyl compounds and the enol formates. Hydrolysis of the enol formate could generate the parent aldehyde. The liberation of volatile carbonyl compounds from divinyl ethers demonstrates the potential usefulness of autoxidation as a trigger for the sustained release of fragrant compounds from suitably designed precursors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposals to Establish a Partnership Bankruptcy Regime in China: With Lessons from the UK and USA
Authors: Chuyi Wei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing in the steps of the USA and UK, China introduced partnerships with limited liability in 2006, the same year that a market‐oriented bankruptcy statute was enacted. Although the bankruptcy statute enshrines basic elements of modern bankruptcy law, it fails to stipulate specific rules for partnership bankruptcy. As partnership with limited liability acquires increasing importance, especially limited partnerships as a popular form of private equity firms, a partnership bankruptcy regime becomes indispensable. This article considers the experience of the UK and USA in order to make proposals to establish a partnership bankruptcy regime in China. Although partnership bankruptcy law can be formulated by analogy to corporate bankruptcy law, special considerations must be given to the characteristics of partnership such as unlimited liability and lack of separation of management from ownership. Further, as partnership bankruptcy may lead to partner bankruptcy and vice versa, conflicts between partnership creditors and partners' personal creditors must also be considered. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On Dimensionality of Halogen‐Bonded Thiophene Solid‐State Assemblies
Authors: Barrès Anne‐Lise , Allain Magali , Frère Pierre , Batail Patrick 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report on the structures of three dibromothiophene compounds (4, 5, and 12) and the analysis of the patterns of self‐assembly in the solid state by CBr⋅⋅⋅BrC halogen bonds of a selected set of 16 di‐ or poly‐bromine(poly)thiophene monomers sorted according to the dimensionality of their halogen‐bonded, extended frameworks thereby identifying syn‐ or anti‐strings and layers. We conclude that in 1, 2, 9, and 10, the antiparallel orientation of successive CBr⋅⋅⋅BrC halogen‐bonded dibromothiophene units along extended anti‐strings is linked to the occurrence of solid‐state polymerization.
Increasing the repeating units of ethylene glycol‐based dimethacrylates directed toward reduced oxidative stress and co‐stimulatory factors expression in human monocytic cells
Authors: Tamura Atsushi , Fukumoto Izumi , Yui Nobuhiko , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Miura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ethylene glycol‐based dimethacrylates are commonly used in biomaterials and dental restorative materials as a cross‐linking agent. In this study, toxic effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEG‐DMAs) with various ethylene glycol repeating units was investigated in terms of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the expression of co‐stimulatory factors in human leukemia cell line (THP‐1 cells) to verify the effect of ethylene glycol repeating units. Note that the 1‐octanol/water partition coefficient of PEG‐based dimethacrylates decreased with increasing the ethylene glycol repeating units, indicating that the hydrophilicity of PEG‐DMAs increased with ethylene glycol repeating units. The toxic effect of PEG‐DMAs such as cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the expression of CD86 in treated THP‐1 cells are reduced with increasing the ethylene glycol repeating units in PEG‐DMAs. However, the expression of CD54 in treated THP‐1 cells was not influenced with the ethylene glycol repeating units and the maximal expression level of CD54 was observed at the concentration range of 2–4 mM for all samples. Accordingly, hydrophilic character of PEG‐DMAs with long ethylene glycol chains definitely alleviates the some toxic aspect of PEG‐based DMAs. This finding would provide important insight into the design of new biomaterials and dental materials with superior biocompatibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1060–1066, 2015.
Treatment of spasmodic dysphonia with a neuromodulating electrical implant
Authors: Pitman Michael J. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the feasibility of an implantable electrical stimulation device to treat spasmodic dysphonia (SD) by neuromodulation of the muscle spindle gamma loop.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodFive subjects underwent daily stimulation of the left thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) below the level of α‐motor neuron activation (AMNA) for 5 consecutive days. Professional and patient voice evaluations were performed. Transcartilagenous placement of an implantable stimulation device lead was investigated in anesthetized porcine and cadaveric human models.ResultsThree of 5 subjects improved in all categories of evaluation. One subject improved in three of four categories. These four subjects described significant carryover of effect after treatment. The fifth subject evidenced improvement until contracting an upper respiratory infection on day 3. Transcartilagenous electrode placement into the porcine TA with muscle stimulation was successful. The electrode lead was passed from the cadaveric larynx to the mastoid tip in the subplatysma layer with an absence of tension.ConclusionThe symptoms of SD improve after electrical stimulation of the TA at levels below AMNA. This is likely through neuromodulation of the muscle spindle gamma loop. Implantation of an electrode into the TA with a postauricular implanted stimulator is feasible with modifications of an already existing device. With further investigation, such a device has the potential to deliver an alternative treatment for SD.Level of Evidence4, Laryngoscope, 124:2537–2543, 2014