bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical perspective on the classification of service innovations
Authors: Hsieh Jung-Kuei , Chiu Hung-Chang , Wei Chih-Ping , Rebecca Yen HsiuJu , Cheng Yu-Chun 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to link academic classifications of service innovation with practical activities by firms to detail the essence of service innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research employs both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative study features interviews with senior managers from 590 companies, covering nine industries in Taiwan, to gather practitioners
'
perspectives on service innovation. A content analysis details specific forms of service innovation. The quantitative study provides a homogeneity test and two-sample proportions test to examine differences in service innovation perspectives/activities across organizational characteristics.

Findings
– The interview data link three types of service innovations to 11 associated elements and 25 labels, derived from 659 potential service innovation incidents (550 new service concepts, 82 new service processes, and 27 new service business models). This study also shows that elements of service innovations vary by company size, service innovation experience, and industry life cycle.

Practical implications
– The three types of service innovations enable businesses to benchmark and modify their current service innovation activities. Service managers can use the results of this study to develop their own service innovation strategies and concrete action plans.

Originality/value
– This pioneering study links the viewpoints of academics with practical service innovation activities and empirically shows that service innovation is dissimilar, depending on various organization characteristics.
GIS based environmental decision support system for municipal landfill site selection
Authors: Ohri Anurag , Singh Prabhat Kumar 
Published: July 2013

PurposeA GIS based environmental decision support system for municipal solid waste management under Indian socio‐economic and regulatory conditions, named as EDSS‐MSWI has been developed. This paper intends to report the methodology and application of the EDSS‐MSWI for municipal landfill site selection taking a case study of Varanasi city (India).Design/methodology/approachEDSS‐MSWI has been developed using VB.NET and ArcGIS Engine programming tools. A set of 13 criteria are selected for primary landfill site selection. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to give weights to different criteria. The criteria were aggregated and suitability index (S) is generated using weighted linear combination (WLC) technique in GIS environment. The suitability index (0‐10) values are classified into four categories (Excluded, Less Preferable, Suitable and Best Suitable) to select the landfill site.FindingsThe results indicate that there are at least four locations under the “best suitable” category where adequate land seems available for landfilling in Varanasi. It is found that GIS based multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can be a powerful tool for such applications.Research limitations/implicationsThe weights of different criteria have been based on the opinion of three experts only. This may involve subjectivity to that extent. Aggregation of more experts’ views may further refine the values of weights.Practical implicationsThe developed tool provides a helpful guide to solid waste management planners.Originality/valueThe development of EDSS‐MSWI is the first of its kind in India to consider all aspects of municipal solid waste management in a holistic way and present it in an independent software form.
Application of rapid tooling for the production of moulds suitable for autoclave forming of CFRP
Authors: Poodts Ezequiel , Minak Giangiacomo 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of an indirect rapid tooling technique to the autoclave forming of carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates.Design/methodology/approachA rapid prototyping machine was used to process a photo elastic resin to fabricate the pre‐moulds. Liquid particle‐filled epoxy resin was poured in the pre‐mould and cured in an oven. Real autoclave process conditions were then applied to the mould several times to assess the geometrical stability and the accuracy of the produced parts, measured using a laser 3D scanner.FindingsThis paper reports the procedures developed for the rapid manufacture of carbon fibre reinforced plastic components.Research limitations/implicationsThe method is applicable to components of small to medium dimensions (max 500 mm).Originality/valueThis is a pioneer attempt towards the rapid manufacturing of high performances composite components. It has been presented for patenting purposes (Gian Luca Monti, Ezequiel Poodts, Giangiacomo Minak, and Cristiano Fragassa. Pat. Pending Nr. PS2010A000026, 2010).
Microclimate in forests with varying leaf area index and soil moisture: potential implications for seedling establishment in a changing climate
Authors: von Arx Georg , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth , Thimonier Anne , Rebetez Martine 
Published: July 2013

SummaryForest microclimate is crucial for the growth and survival of tree seedlings and understorey vegetation. This high ecological relevance contrasts with the poor functional and quantitative understanding of how the properties of forest ecosystems influence forest microclimate.In a long‐term (1998–2011) trial, we investigated how temporal patterns of microclimate below sparse and dense forest canopy related to those of nearby open areas and how this relationship was influenced by soil moisture and seasonality. Air temperature (T), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), soil matrix potential and leaf area index (LAI) were measured in a unique set‐up of below‐canopy and open‐area meteorological stations at eleven distinct forest ecosystems, characteristic of subalpine and temperate climate zones. Data from these plots were analysed for the moderating capacity of the canopy, that is, the differences between below‐canopy and open‐area microclimate, with respect to (i) long‐term means, (ii) dynamics within homogeneous moist‐ vs. dry‐soil periods and (iii) diurnal patterns.The long‐term mean moderating capacity of the canopy was up to 3.3 °C for dailyTmaxand 0.52 kPa for daily VPDmax, of which soil moisture status alone accounted for up to 1.2 °C (Tmax) and 0.21 kPa (VPDmax). Below dense canopy (LAI > 4), the moderating capacity was generally higher when soils were dry and increased during dry‐soil periods, particularly in spring and somewhat less in summer. The opposite pattern was found below sparse canopy (LAI < 4). At the diurnal level, moderating capacity below dense canopy was strongest in mid‐afternoon and during dry‐soil conditions, whereas peak moderation below sparse canopy occurred in mid‐morning and during moist‐soil conditions.Synthesis. Our results suggest a threshold canopy density, which is probably linked to site‐specific water availability, below which the moderating capacity of forest ecosystems switches from supportive to unsupportive for seedling establishment. Under supportive moderating capacity, we understand a stronger mitigation during physiologically most demanding conditions for plant growth. Such a threshold canopy density sheds new light on forest resilience to climate change. Climate change may alter forest canopy density in a way that precludes successful establishment of tree species and ultimately changes forest ecosystem structure and functioning.
An exploratory study of the content of vitamin D compounds in selected samples of Australian eggs
Authors: Liu Jerry , Greenfield Heather , Fraser David Ross 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to obtain preliminary indicative data for vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) in Australian chicken egg yolk (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus, 1758), comparing data with the egg yolk of other species, crocodile (Crocodylus porosus, Schneider, 1801) and salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus, 1758).MethodsConvenience samples of chicken eggs were obtained from a producer known to fortify feed with 25OHD3 as well as D3 (Brand A; n = 6), a producer with an unknown feeding protocol (Brand B; n = 6) and a producer known to use low levels of only feed vitamin D3 (University of Sydney; n = 4). Salmon roe (50 g jar) was obtained from a retail outlet and crocodile eggs (n = 2) from a commercial crocodile farm. Egg yolks and whole salmon roe were analysed for vitamin D3 and 25OHD3 by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsBrand A and B chicken egg yolks contained 2.9 and 2.1 μg vitamin D3/100 g, respectively, while University of Sydney eggs contained lower concentrations (0.5 μg/100 g). Further, yolk from brand A and B chicken eggs contained 4.2 and 1.4 μg 25OHD3/100 g, respectively. Salmon roe contained 6.3 μg vitamin D3/100 g and vitamin D3 content of two crocodile egg yolks differed widely (10.9 and 0.7 μg/100 g).ConclusionsThe vitamin D in chicken eggs has the potential to contribute considerably to the vitamin D content of the Australian diet, up to 3.8 μg vitamin D equivalents per egg, depending on the form of feed vitamin D. Further representative samples of all edible or potentially edible Australian egg species require analysis for public health nutrition purposes.
Corneal dystrophies and genetics in the International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies era: a review
Authors: Vincent Andrea L 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMany of the corneal dystrophies have now been genetically characterized, and a system was established in 2008 by The International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) in an attempt to standardize the nomenclature. IC3D provided a classification system whereby all dystrophies can be categorized on the basis of the underlying genetic knowledge. Since that time, further work has established even more phenotypic and allelic heterogeneity than anticipated, particular for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and posterior polymorphous dystrophy. Using genome‐wide association studies, a number of genes are now implicated both in normal corneal quantitative traits, such as central corneal thickness, as well as in disease. There is also a trend towards functional characterization of the genetic variants involved to elucidate the pathophysiology of these entities. This review article will provide an overview of the knowledge to date, with an emphasis on findings since the IC3D classification was published in 2008.
Oil Palm and Deforestation in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Nelson Paul N. , Gabriel Jennifer , Filer Colin , Banabas Murom , Sayer Jeffrey A. , Curry George N. , Koczberski Gina , Venter Oscar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn unprecedented increase in oil palm developments may be underway in Papua New Guinea (PNG) through controversial “special agricultural and business leases” (SABLs) covering over two million hectares. Oil palm development can create societal benefits, but doubt has been raised about whether the SABL developers intend establishing plantations. Here, we examine the development objectives of these proposals through an assessment of their land suitability, developer experience and capacity, and sociolegal constraints. Our review reveals 36 oil palm proposals with plantings planned for 948,000 ha, a sevenfold increase over the existing planted area in PNG. Based on our criteria, however, we estimate that only five plantations covering 181,700 ha might eventuate within the foreseeable future. We conclude that most of the developers are clearing forest with no intention of cultivating oil palm, and that a large‐scale land grab is therefore occurring in PNG under the guise of oil palm development.
The inferior colliculus encodes the Franssen auditory spatial illusion
Authors: Rajala Abigail Z. , Yan Yonghe , Dent Micheal L. , Populin Luis C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIllusions are effective tools for the study of the neural mechanisms underlying perception because neural responses can be correlated to the physical properties of stimuli and the subject's perceptions. The Franssen illusion (FI) is an auditory spatial illusion evoked by presenting a transient, abrupt tone and a slowly rising, sustained tone of the same frequency simultaneously on opposite sides of the subject. Perception of the FI consists of hearing a single sound, the sustained tone, on the side that the transient was presented. Both subcortical and cortical mechanisms for the FI have been proposed, but, to date, there is no direct evidence for either. The data show that humans and rhesus monkeys perceive the FI similarly. Recordings were taken from single units of the inferior colliculus in the monkey while they indicated the perceived location of sound sources with their gaze. The results show that the transient component of the Franssen stimulus, with a shorter first spike latency and higher discharge rate than the sustained tone, encodes the perception of sound location. Furthermore, the persistent erroneous perception of the sustained stimulus location is due to continued excitation of the same neurons, first activated by the transient, by the sustained stimulus without location information. These results demonstrate for the first time, on a trial‐by‐trial basis, a correlation between perception of an auditory spatial illusion and a subcortical physiological substrate.
Contribution of nitrogen fixation to first year Miscanthus × giganteus
Authors: Keymer Daniel P. , Kent Angela D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMany characteristics make Miscanthus × giganteus an appealing bioenergy feedstock in temperate North America, but the degree to which this plant species interacts with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria remains understudied. Demonstration of associative nitrogen fixation in Miscanthus would support management with minimal fertilizer inputs that is demanded of long‐term biofuel sustainability. As a first step, we investigate the role of biological nitrogen fixation in nutrition of immature Miscanthus and temporal dynamics of plant‐associated nitrogen fixers. The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to plant nitrogen acquisition in first year Miscanthus × giganteus was estimated using a yield‐dependent 15N isotope dilution model. Temporal changes in plant‐associated diazotroph relative abundance and community composition were analyzed with quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the nifH gene in rhizome and rhizosphere DNA extracts. We estimate 16% of new plant nitrogen was derived by nitrogen fixation during the growing season, despite non‐limiting soil nitrogen. Diazotroph communities from rhizome and rhizosphere changed with plant development and endophytic nitrogen fixers had significantly higher relative abundance and altered community composition at sampling dates in July and August. This study provides evidence for a small, but measurable, benefit of associative nitrogen fixation to first year Miscanthus × giganteus that underscores the potential and need for selection of breeding lines that maximize this trait.
Skin oxygen tension is improved by immersion in oxygen‐enriched water
Authors: Reading S. A. , Yeomans M. , Levesque C. 
Published: July 2013

SynopsisObjectiveThe perceived health and physiologic functioning of skin depends on adequate oxygen availability. Economical and easily used therapeutic approaches to increase skin oxygenation could improve the subjective appearance of the skin as well as support the management of some cutaneous conditions related to chronic hypoxic ischaemia (e.g. ulcerative wounds). We have tested the hypothesis that the O2 partial pressure of skin (PskO2) increases during immersion in water enriched with high levels of dissolved oxygen.MethodsA commercially available device was used to produce water containing 45 to 65 mg L−1 of dissolved O2. Young adults (YA; n = 7), older adults (OA; n = 13) and older adults with diabetes (OAD; n = 11) completed different experiments that required them to immerse their feet in tap water (<2 mg L−1 of O2; control) or O2‐enriched water (O2‐H2O; experimental) for 30 min. Transcutaneous oximetry was used to measure PskO2 for 20 min pre‐ and post‐immersion.ResultsPre‐immersion mean (standard deviation) PskO2 on the plantar surface of the big toe was 75 (10), 67 (10) and 65 (10) mmHg in YA, OA and OAD, respectively. Post‐immersion PskO2 was 244 (25), 193 (28) and 205 (28) mmHg for the same groups. We also show that post‐immersion PskO2 varies by location and with advancing age.ConclusionWater is an effective vehicle for transporting dissolved O2 across the skin surface and could be used as a basis for development of economical therapeutic approaches that improve skin oxygen tension to support skin health and function.
Impact of social value orientation on energy conservation in different behavioral domains
Authors: Sütterlin Bernadette , Brunner Thomas A. , Siegrist Michael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social value orientation and energy conservation over different energy consumption domains. Additionally, the impact of type of energy conservation measure (curtailment vs. energy efficiency) was investigated. Data were derived from a mail survey of Swiss households (N = 1,209). It was expected that social value orientation and type of conservation measure affect conservation behavior. Confirming our hypotheses, prosocials reported more energy conservation—in the housing, mobility, and food domain—compared with individualists and competitors. As assumed, the difference in energy conservation between the three social value orientations was found for curtailment behaviors, but not for energy efficiency behaviors requiring no change in habits. Results and implications are discussed.
Speciation on a round planet: phylogeography of the goatfish genus Mulloidichthys
Authors: Lessios H. A. , Robertson D. R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe goatfish genus Mulloidichthys is abundant on reefs throughout the tropics. Characteristic of this genus is a long larval and pelagic juvenile phase, which could potentially confer large dispersal capacity. We sampled its mitochondrial DNA to answer the following questions: What speciation events have led to the formation of the extant species? How do they correlate with geological and oceanographic events? Are M. dentatus and M. martinicus geminate species formed by the rise of the Isthmus of Panama? Is there genetic structure between conspecific populations?LocationAll tropical oceans.MethodsWe constructed a phylogeny of Mulloidichthys, based on the ATPase‐8 and ATPase‐6 genes and the control region. We estimated degree of genetic structuring in four species.ResultsThe phylogeny revealed that the Indo‐Pacific M. pflugeri diverged first, followed by M. flavolineatus, also from the Indo‐Pacific, followed by the central Pacific M. mimicus. The most recent splitting event resulted in a tritomy composed of the Atlantic M. martinicus, the eastern Pacific M. dentatus and the Indo‐Pacific M. vanicolensis. The differentiation between M. martinicus and M. dentatus was substantially smaller than divergence in the same DNA fragments in eight other fish genera likely to have been split by the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Low genetic structuring was found between conspecific populations of Mulloidichthys, even across the entire Indo‐Pacific. Only populations at Clipperton Atoll and at Ascension Island in the Atlantic were genetically isolated from other conspecific populations.Main conclusionsThe oldest extant species of Mulloidichthys are found in the Indo‐Pacific. Younger species probably maintained genetic contact between the Atlantic and the Indo‐Pacific until the late Pleistocene. The low degree of genetic structuring and the unusual recent connections around the globe are likely to be the result of the large, highly mobile, and long‐lived juvenile phase in this genus.
How do patients between the age of 65 and 75 use a web‐based decision aid for treatment choice in localized prostate cancer?
Authors: Schrijvers Jessie , Vanderhaegen Joke , Van Poppel Hendrik , Haustermans Karin , Van Audenhove Chantal 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the use of a web‐based decision aid by a 65plus patient group in their decision‐making process for treatment of localized prostate cancer. Of particular interest was the use of technology features such as patients’ statements, comparative tables, and a values clarification tool.MethodsOne hundred men from the University Hospital of Leuven campus, Gasthuisberg, were invited to use the web‐based decision aid in their decision‐making process. Twenty‐six men were excluded based on non‐ or limited use of the decision aid. Of the remaining 74 men, user specifications, decision aid surfing characteristics by means of web‐log data, and especially the use of technology features were analyzed.ResultsMen spent on average 30 minutes on the web‐based decision aid. Most time was spent on the pages with information on treatment options. These pages were also most frequently accessed. The use of the feature ‘comparative tables’ was the highest, followed by the ‘values clarification tool’. According to age (<70 or >70 years) differences were observed for the time spent on the decision aid, the pages accessed, and the use of the technology features.ConclusionDespite concerns about the usability of a web‐based decision aid for elderly patients, these results indicated that the majority of 65plus persons with good internet skills use a web‐based decision aid as well as its incorporated technology features.
Epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in Wenchuan earthquake stricken area: population‐based study
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Qiaolan , Zhang Rui 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo explore spatio‐temporal distribution and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in Wenchuan earthquake stricken area.MethodsCase count, county's location, demographic, health, and social economics data were collected. Longitudinal multilevel model of extra‐Poisson and spatial clustering analysis Besag and Newell's method were used.ResultsThe incidence rate decreased from 117.59 to 81.04/100,000, and the associated factors included time, latitude of the county, proportion of people aged no more than 29 years, and the disaster‐affected severity of the county. The temporal distribution of mortality rate was parabolic, with a summit in 2008. The associated factors included time, whether or not the county is minority inhabited area, and the disaster‐affected severity of the county. Two clustered regions of incidence rate were detected with little variations before and after the quake, which were Aba‐Ganzi region and Liangshan–Leshan border region. The clustered regions of mortality rate detected were five counties located in Aba‐Ganzi region in 2008, and no cluster was detected during other years.ConclusionsTuberculosis epidemiology demonstrates a special spatio‐temporal distribution pattern. Wenchuan earthquake has effects especially on mortality rate. Natural, demographic, and social factors also contribute.