bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating hearing loss in patients with infantile bartter syndrome
Authors: Kontorinis Georgios , Giesemann Anja M. , Iliodromiti Zoe , Weidemann Juergen , Aljeraisi Talal , Schwab Burkard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Most existing studies about infantile Bartter syndrome (BS) have focused on renal function, and deafness has not been closely studied. Our objective was to evaluate the treatment of hearing impairment in children with infantile BS and analyze relevant, unexplored issues.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:The present study was conducted in a tertiary referral center over a 20‐year period involving children with infantile BS. Demographic factors, general health status, genetic information, features of hearing loss, and the outcome of cochlear implantation as determined mainly by the categories of auditory performance (CAP), as well as imaging of the temporal bones, were evaluated.Results:Six children with infantile BS were identified, four girls and two boys. One child had terminal renal insufficiency and one had undergone kidney transplantation; all children had several hospital admissions due to renal dysfunction. Sensorineural hearing loss was congenital, bilateral, and profound in all children. Five patients were treated with cochlear implants resulting in improved speech perception and development without any exceptional performance (CAP scores, 4–6), mainly because of the delayed treatment and the comorbidities. Anatomic ear anomalies were not observed in any case.Conclusions:Hearing loss in children with infantile BS is congenital and profound but not related to inner ear malformations. Although cochlear implantation results in certain benefits, general health status and delayed referral to cochlear implant centers have a negative impact on speech perception and development. Laryngoscope, 2012
Methicillin‐resistant and methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus laryngitis
Authors: Shah Manish D. , Klein Adam M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Despite the fact that a wide variety of head and neck methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been described, only four cases of MRSA laryngitis are reported in the literature. Our clinical experience suggests that this diagnosis is more common and can be more subtle that previously reported. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of MRSA and methicillin‐sensitive S
aureus (MSSA) laryngitis, highlighting the in‐office workup of these patients.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:All patients with a culture‐proven diagnosis of S
aureus laryngitis treated within the Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Emory University between 2007 and 2011. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment data were retrospectively collected from the patients' hospital records.Results:Three patients with culture‐proven MRSA laryngitis were identified. Three further cases of MSSA were also identified. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 74 years. All three patients with MRSA were diabetics. All six patients in the study were current or past users of cigarettes. The most common presenting symptoms were vocal roughness, vocal fatigue, and decreased vocal endurance. There were no symptoms of airway or swallowing compromise. The duration of symptoms at the time of initial assessment ranged from 3 months to 5 years, and most patients had undergone numerous previous treatments. Common signs on laryngeal examination included thickened vocal fold epithelium, whitish debris or the appearance of leukoplakia, edema, and crusting. Signs and symptoms were similar in MRSA and MSSA patients. The diagnosis was made in all patients via awake in‐office culture of the larynx. All patients were treated with a prolonged course of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (2–4 weeks). Although repeated courses of treatment were required, most patients had an excellent response to treatment.Conclusions:This is the largest, single, case series of patients with MRSA laryngitis. Our study findings suggest that the diagnosis may be more common than previously recognized, and that the presenting signs and symptoms may be subtle and similar to MSSA. Diagnosis can be made via in‐office laryngeal culture. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Computed tomography has low yield in the evaluation of idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis
Authors: Badia Pedro I. , Hillel Alexander T. , Shah Manish D. , Johns Michael M. , Klein Adam M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:To determine the clinical yield of neck and chest computed tomography in the initial assessment of patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis diagnosed by stroboscopy in a tertiary‐care voice center from 2003 to 2010.Results:There were 176 patients with unilateral vocal fold paresis of which 81 subjects had idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis. Of these, 60 patients (74.1%) had a computed tomography workup. Fifty‐nine patients (98.3%) had a normal computed tomography while one patient had a single mediastinal lymph node that was PET‐CT negative. This demonstrates an initial 1.7% yield and ultimate 0% yield of the computed tomography workup.Conclusion:Our results suggest that computed tomography workup has a low yield for occult neck and mediastinal pathology in patients with idiopathic unilateral true vocal fold paresis. Chest and neck computed tomography may not be clinically beneficial provided the patient has good otolaryngologic and medical follow‐up. Laryngoscope, 2013
Intranasal hydrocodone‐acetaminophen abuse induced necrosis of the nasal cavity and pharynx
Authors: Alexander David , Alexander Keith , Valentino Joseph 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives:Two million new users will abuse prescription narcotics this year, most commonly hydrocodone. The most commonly prescribed form is hydrocodone‐acetaminophen (HA). Many individuals crush the tablets and snort the product to take advantage of the rapid transmucosal delivery of narcotics. The resultant pathology of intranasal hydrocodone acetaminophen abuse (INHAA) has been described only in a few case studies.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Two private and one academic otolaryngology practices in Kentucky searched their patient charts for patients with morbidity from intranasal abuse of hydrocodone acetaminophen tablets. We identified thirty‐five patients who presented for treatment between 2004 and 2011.Results:The majority of patients will initially deny the behavior, frequently delaying diagnosis. Physical exam findings of white powder covering an underlying nasal mucosal necrosis are characteristic of this condition during active INHAA. Follow up was limited as only 26% returned for follow‐up care. Patients commonly presented with orofacial‐nasal pain (43%) andsino‐nasal congestion and discharge (43%). Active necrosis or prior tissue loss was noted in 77% of patients. Fifty‐one percent of patients presented with septal perforations, and 26% with palatal perforations. Two cases of invasive fungal sinusitis were clearly documented, with one resulting in death.Conclusions:The vast majority of cases presented with characteristic physical findings that included acute necrosis of soft tissue, which can progress to destroy oronasal structures. In the absence of invasive fungal disease, the condition is self‐limited after cessation of INHAA and performance of local nasal debridement and nasal hygiene. Laryngoscope, 2012
Intralesional steroid injection for benign vocal fold disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Chi‐Te , Liao Li‐Jen , Cheng Po‐Wen , Lo Wu‐Chia , Lai Mei‐Shu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:Emerging literature had documented the potential usefulness of vocal fold steroid injection (VFSI) as an alternative treatment option for benign vocal lesions. This study aims to conduct a qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta‐analysis of vocal fold steroid injectionStudy Design:Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods:Electronic databases were searched using relevant keywords. Extracted data include author, year of publication, diagnosis, steroid regimen, recurrence and side effects. Reported treatment outcomes were clustered into five categories, i.e. subjective, perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, and stroboscopic. Meta‐analyses were performed on studies with numerical results using random effects model.Results:Six articles were identified with a total of 321 patients. All the studies reported significant improvements after VFSI in each category of outcome measurements. Proposed indications for VFSI include vocal nodules, polyp/cyst, Reinke's edema, and scar. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant increase in maximal phonation time after VFSI by 1.82 seconds (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29 ≈ 3.35) and a 27.61 points decrease in voice handicap index (p<0.001, 95% CI: 16.49 ≈ 38.73). Adverse effects include local hematoma, whitish deposition of triamcinolone, and mild vocal fold atrophy, which resolve spontaneously within 1 to 2 months. The recurrence rate after VFSI was between 4% and 31%.Conclusions:VFSI is well‐tolerated under local anesthesia in the office setting. The invasiveness and morbidity of VFSI are low and the side effects are self‐limited. Meta‐analyses demonstrated significant improvements from both objective and subjective measurements. Further controlled studies with longer follow‐up periods may evaluate the effectiveness of VFSI more reliably. Laryngoscope, 2013
Ototopical neomycin exposure in children with nonintact tympanic membranes
Authors: Winterstein Almut G. , Castillo Juan M. Hincapie , Xu Dandan , Liu Wei , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Although contraindicated, neomycin otic preparations may be administered to children with nonintact tympanic membranes (TMs), such as tympanostomy tubes or TM perforations. The goal of this study was to assess the magnitude of neomycin exposure in children with nonintact TMs.Study Design:Retrospective drug utilization study.Methods:Medicaid claims data (years 1999–2006) from 28 states for children aged 0 to 18 years were analyzed to identify new cases of tube placement or TM perforation. Cases were followed for 12 months to determine neomycin otic utilization.Results:Of the 300,470 children with nonintact TMs, neomycin otic preparations were prescribed in 43,815 (15%). Nontoxic agents (ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) were used in 48%. In 19%, neomycin preparations were prescribed at the day of initial nonintact TM diagnosis, 52% and 71% within the first 3 or 6 months, respectively. Neomycin otic utilization decreased from 27% in cases diagnosed in 1999 to 7% in 2005 (P < .0001).Conclusions:Many children with nonintact TMs receive exposure to agents with potential ototoxicity, despite the availability of safer alternatives. Further study is necessary to determine why neomycin otic preparations continue to be prescribed in the presence of nonintact TMs and if such exposure is associated with ototoxicity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and rhinosinusitis: The utility of screening sinus computed tomography
Authors: Fulmer Susan , Kim Sung‐won , Mace Jess C. , Leach Matthew E. , Tarima Sergey , Xiang Qun , Soler Zachary M. , Bredeson Christopher , Loehrl Todd A. , Poetker David M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) sinus computed tomography (CT) scans to post‐SCT sinus CT scans and to evaluate the relationship between pre‐SCT sinus CT scans and the incidence of otolaryngology consultation after SCT.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Charts of 228 adult SCT patients from January 2003 to June 2009 with pre‐SCT sinus CT scans were reviewed. Data gathered included diagnosis, type of SCT, otolaryngology referral requests, and rhinosinusitis management. Pre‐ and post‐SCT sinus CT scans were scored using the staging system introduced by Lund and Mackay.Results:Two hundred thirty‐nine SCTs were performed on the 228 patients included in this study. No disease was identified on 25.1% of pre‐SCT CT scans, mild sinus inflammation was identified on 60.7% of scans, 11.3% had moderate inflammation, and 2.9% had severe inflammation. Pre‐SCT scans were found to be predictive of post‐SCT CT scans. A significant proportion of patients demonstrated worsening of their Lund‐Mackay score post‐SCT. Pre‐SCT CT scores had no predictive ability for otolaryngology consultations.Conclusions:Pre‐SCT CT scan scores are associated with post‐SCT scan scores; disease severity on CT may worsen following SCT and may be useful for stratifying patients into surgical versus non‐surgical candidates. Further study is needed to outline the benefit of sinus surgery in these patients. Laryngoscope, 2012
Results after u‐shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects
Authors: Espitalier Florent , Ferron Christophe , Leux Christophe , Jégoux Franck , Durand Nicolas , Beauvillain de Montreuil Claude , Malard Olivier 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate surgical, functional, carcinologic results after circumferential pharyngolaryngectomy and reconstruction with U‐shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:Forty‐one patients included spanning a 6‐year period.Results:General and local complications occurred in 10% and 22% of patients respectively, without early death. Swallowing and vocal functions were satisfactory for 82% and 43% of patients respectively, despite 39% of neopharynx stricture and 22% of pharyngocutaneous fistula. With a 20‐month mean follow‐up, cancer recurrence was present in 58% of patients. The overall survival rate was 29% at 3 years.Conclusions:This flap is simple, reliable, and allows adequate reconstruction of the hypopharynx. However, the neopharynx stricture rate is high and the quality of voice rehabilitation is poor when compared with free flaps. This procedure, which is an option for the reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects, must be considered in selected cases. Laryngoscope, 2012
Adenosine increases nasal mucociliary clearance rate in mice through A2A and A2B adenosine receptors
Authors: Hua Xiaoyang , Naselsky Warren C. , Bennett William D. , Ledent Catherine , Senior Brent A. , Tilley Stephen L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is an important mechanism of host defense in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Impaired MCC plays a critical role in the development and perpetuation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of adenosine on nasal MCC, and to determine the receptors mediating this physiology in vivo.Study Design:Prospective study using an animal model.Methods:Nasal MCC was measured by whole‐nose scintigraphic acquisition in vivo. The effects of both endogenous and exogenous adenosine were investigated in wild‐type and adenosine receptor knockout (A, A, AA, and A A) mice.Results:Exogenous adenosine aerosol robustly enhanced nasal MCC. The augmentation of MCC by adenosine was abolished in mice lacking both A2A and A2B receptors, but remained robust in mice lacking either A2A or A2B. Likewise, basal nasal MCC was reduced in mice lacking both the A2A and A2B receptors, but was statistically identical among wild‐type mice and mice lacking either A2A or A2B.Conclusions:These findings indicate that activation of both Gs‐coupled adenosine receptors can accelerate nasal MCC. Targeting these receptors may represent a novel therapeutic approach for enhancing MCC in CRS. Laryngoscope, 2012
Optical microfiber passive components
Authors: Ismaeel Rand , Lee Timothy , Ding Ming , Belal Mohammed , Brambilla Gilberto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOptical microfiber waveguides with diameters close to the wavelength of light possess an intriguing combination of properties, such a tight modal confinement, tailorable dispersion, and high nonlinearity, which have been utilized in many passive applications. Here, the key fabrication techniques and optical properties of microfibers are introduced, followed by a discussion of the various passive microfiber devices and sensors. Applications exploiting their strong confinement are reviewed, including harmonic generation, supercontinuum sources, gratings, tips for optical trapping and intracellular sensing and subwavelength light sources, as well as devices based on large evanescent fields such as couplers, interferometers, optical manipulators, sensors, and resonators. Furthermore, the properties and practical intricacies of manufacturing various microfiber resonators are evaluated, with a focus on their applications in sensing ranging from temperature monitoring to current, pressure, refractive index and chemicals detection.
Resilient Amorphous Networks Prepared by Photo‐Crosslinking High‐Molecular‐Weight D,L‐Lactide and Trimethylene Carbonate Macromers: Mechanical Properties and Shape‐Memory Behavior
Authors: Sharifi Shahriar , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTough networks are prepared by photo‐crosslinking high‐molecular‐weight DLLA and TMC macromers. These amorphous networks exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties and have excellent shape‐memory features. Variation of the monomer ratio allows adjustment of Tg between approximately −13 and +51 °C. The elastic moduli at room temperature can be varied between 4.5 and 2730 MPa. The crosslinks allow the networks to return to their original shape after deformation. 60:40 DLLA:TMC networks have Tg values between room temperature and body temperature, with mechanical properties at body temperature close to soft tissues. Several medical devices are prepared from these networks. magnified image
What do social marketing programmes reveal about social marketing? Evidence from South Asia
Authors: Saini Gordhan K. , Mukul Kumar 
Published: September 2012

Although social marketing is growing as a discipline, there are several social marketing programmes (SMPs) across the world which can guide us in achieving a better understanding of social marketing. In this paper, using a case study approach, we map the SMPs to the six Ps of marketing; and then attempt to provide key observations about the South Asian SMPs by critically reviewing and comparing them with the social marketing success stories of the USA. Important insights are provided on the variations in SMP strategies by the region and type of social issue. The role of partnership is important in making social marketing initiatives in developing countries effective and sustainable by providing support in manufacturing and distributing quality products at an affordable rate and in remote areas. We propose that the ‘Partnership P’ should be given equal importance as the classical four Ps of marketing mix. Moreover, the South Asian initiatives seem to be broader than those of the USA and therefore, perhaps there exist more learning opportunities for scholars from the experiences of South Asian social marketing initiatives. The social marketer should be cognizant of regional dissimilarities in terms of income, location, language, literacy, product requirement and culture, and these may be factored in the design and execution of future social marketing strategies. However, the limited number of case studies may restrict the generalisability of the findings and a further probing may be suggested with better coverage of diverse SMPs.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fiber surface treatments on the properties of short sisal fiber/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Zou Hantao , Wang Luoxin , Gan Houlei , Yi Changhai 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSisal fiber (SF)‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared from biodegradable PLA and surface‐untreated or ‐treated short SF by melt mixing and subsequent compression molding. It is found that the surface treatments facilitate good adhesion between SFs and PLA matrix, which is consistent with the higher mechanical properties of the treated‐SF/PLA biocomposites. Moreover, the surface treatments have similar effects on the biodegradability and water absorption of the biocomposites with the order as following: neat PLA < acetylated SF (A‐SF)/PLA biocomposite ≈ silane‐treated SF (S‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < permanganate‐treated SF (P‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < mercerized SF (M‐SF)/PLA biocomposite < untreated fiber (U‐SF)/PLA biocomposite. In terms of overall consideration of the properties, acetylation treatment seems to be the most desirable surface method owing to the maximum tensile strength and water resistance, medium impact strength, and minimum degradability of the A‐SF/PLA biocomposite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The magnetic field effect during preparation of an interpenetrated hybrid polymeric composite
Authors: Nita L.E. , Chiriac A.P. , Bercea M. , Neamtu I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn interpenetrated structure based on poly(aspartic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), and collagen was realized to be used as matrix for future coupling of bioactive substances. The magnetic field influence on the interpenetrated network formation is investigated by dynamic rheology. The results were correlated with zeta potential, conductivity, and also optical microscopy observations. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Sensing of damage in carbon nanotubes and carbon black‐embedded epoxy under tensile loading
Authors: Vadlamani Venkat K. , Chalivendra Vijaya B. , Shukla Arun , Yang Sze 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn situ sensing of damage in epoxy embedded separately with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) microparticles is investigated under quasi‐static uniaxial tensile loading. Three different weight fractions of CNTs (0.1, 0.3%, and 0.5%) and one‐weight fraction of CB (10%) are used to generate a conductive network in epoxy. A modified four circumferential ring probes technique is employed and a constant current was applied through the outer probes. The resulting voltage drop between the inner probes is measured using a high‐resolution electrometer‐based system to determine the resistance change associated with nonlinear deformation, damage initiation, and growth in the material. As the generated conductive network is different with changing weight fractions of CNTs, the resulting electrical response was identified to be significantly different between composites. The nonlinear deformation associated with the unfolding of entangled polymer chains and further straightening of them, decreased the distance between neighboring CNTs, resulting in improved electron hopping. For CB‐embedded epoxy, a very high percentage increase in resistance is noticed when compared to CNTs case owing to induced microcracks associated with agglomerated CB particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers