bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger induction signs mesenchymal stem cell commitment: identification of a key marker for stemness maintenance?
Authors: Djouad Farida , Tejedor Gautier , Toupet Karine , Maumus Marie , Bony Claire , Blangy Anne , Chuchana Paul , Jorgensen Christian , Noël Danièle 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage and bone tissue engineering given their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. However, the common origin of these two specialized cell types raised the question about the identification of regulatory pathways determining the differentiation fate of MSCs into chondrocyte or osteoblast.

Methods
Chondrogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, and adipogenesis of human and mouse MSC were induced by using specific inductive culture conditions. Expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) or differentiation markers in MSCs was determined by RT-qPCR. PLZF-expressing MSC were implanted in a mouse osteochondral defect model and the neotissue was analyzed by routine histology and microcomputed tomography.

Results
We found out that PLZF is not expressed in MSCs and its expression at early stages of MSC differentiation is the mark of their commitment toward the three main lineages. PLZF acts as an upstream regulator of both Sox9 and Runx2, and its overexpression in MSC enhances chondrogenesis and osteogenesis while it inhibits adipogenesis. In vivo, implantation of PLZF-expressing MSC in mice with full-thickness osteochondral defects resulted in the formation of a reparative tissue resembling cartilage and bone.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that absence of PLZF is required for stemness maintenance and its expression is an early event at the onset of MSC commitment during the differentiation processes of the three main lineages.
Blunted Diurnal Cortisol Pattern Is Associated With Frailty: A Cross-Sectional Study of 745 Participants Aged 65 to 90 Years
Authors: Johar Hamimatunnisa , Emeny Rebecca T. , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reincke Martin , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Heier Margit , Ladwig Karl-Heinz 
Published: February 2014

Background:
The role of neuroendocrine alterations in the etiology of frailty syndrome is still poorly understood. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation is a plausible candidate pathway contributing to frailty. Thus, we sought to examine the associations of diurnal cortisol secretion with frailty in older adults.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 745 study participants (age 65–90 years, mean age 75.1 years) of the population-based KORA Age study. Associations between salivary cortisol measures at awakening (morning 1 [M1]), 30 minutes after awakening (M2), and evening (E) and frailty criteria were determined.

Results:
Lower cortisol levels in the first morning sample (M1) (P = .18) and M2 (P = .14) and increased E levels (P = .004) were observed in prefrail (35.17%, n = 262) and frail (3.36%, n = 25) individuals, in a dose-response manner. Frailty was strongly associated with smaller ratios of morning to evening levels; M1 to E ratio (P = .02) and M2 to E ratio (P = .003). Higher evening cortisol levels were associated with a 24% increased risk of a prefrail state (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.44). A smaller morning to evening ratio was associated with an increased risk of low grip strength (1.42, 1.09–1.86) and gait speed (1.31, 1.02–1.68).

Conclusion:
Frailty status is associated with blunted cortisol reactivity as demonstrated by lower morning and higher evening salivary cortisol levels.
Formation of Communicative Competence in Hard-of-Hearing Preschoolers
Authors: �����  , Belaya Natalia 
Published: February 2014

In this paper a competence-based approach concept in a modern education system of the Russian Federation has been considered. Value of competences
for pupils� identity full development as well for their successful socialization has been shown. The &#34;communicative competence&#34; concept essence
content has been reveled. Requirements to results of preschool education in a context of children�s communicative development have been defined. A
short analysis of problem related to communicative and speech development of normally developing children and disabled children, including those
of hearing-impaired has been presented. The need of teacher�s purposeful correctional and developing activity is proved, stages (according to activity
structure), purposes, and content of work on formation of communicative competence at hard of hearing children of advanced preschool age by means
of communicative situations (communication situations) complex use have been described. A principle (linearly - concentric) of this complex creation as
well as situations� selection criteria have been specified.
Targeted Advertising in Magazine Markets and the Advent of the Internet
Authors: Chandra Ambarish , Kaiser Ulrich 
Published: February 2014

This paper examines how the ability of traditional media firms to engage in targeted advertising has changed with the advent of the Internet. We find that the premium for reaching a homogeneous audience increases for magazines that have a companion website, as well as for those whose readers are more likely to be online. This indicates a complementarity between offline and online channels with respect to targeted advertising. We hypothesize that this result is driven by multihoming consumers who enhance the value of targeted advertising, in contrast to the usual assumption that multiple advertising messages are redundant. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Budget-Optimal Task Allocation for Reliable Crowdsourcing Systems
Authors: Karger David R. , Oh Sewoong , Shah Devavrat 
Published: February 2014

Crowdsourcing systems, in which numerous tasks are electronically distributed to numerous “information pieceworkers,” have emerged as an effective paradigm for human-powered solving of large-scale problems in domains such as image classification, data entry, optical character recognition, recommendation, and proofreading. Because these low-paid workers can be unreliable, nearly all such systems must devise schemes to increase confidence in their answers, typically by assigning each task multiple times and combining the answers in an appropriate manner, e.g., majority voting. In this paper, we consider a general model of such crowdsourcing tasks and pose the problem of minimizing the total price (i.e., number of task assignments) that must be paid to achieve a target overall reliability. We give a new algorithm for deciding which tasks to assign to which workers and for inferring correct answers from the workers' answers. We show that our algorithm, inspired by belief propagation and low-rank matrix approximation, significantly outperforms majority voting and, in fact, is optimal through comparison to an oracle that knows the reliability of every worker. Further, we compare our approach with a more general class of algorithms that can dynamically assign tasks. By adaptively deciding which questions to ask to the next set of arriving workers, one might hope to reduce uncertainty more efficiently. We show that, perhaps surprisingly, the minimum price necessary to achieve a target reliability scales in the same manner under both adaptive and nonadaptive scenarios. Hence, our nonadaptive approach is order optimal under both scenarios. This strongly relies on the fact that workers are fleeting and cannot be exploited. Therefore, architecturally, our results suggest that building a reliable worker-reputation system is essential to fully harnessing the potential of adaptive designs.
Fixed-Dimensional Stochastic Dynamic Programs: An Approximation Scheme and an Inventory Application
Authors: Chen Wei , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh 
Published: February 2014

We study fixed-dimensional stochastic dynamic programs in a discrete setting over a finite horizon. Under the primary assumption that the cost-to-go functions are discrete L♮-convex, we propose a pseudo-polynomial time approximation scheme that solves this problem to within an arbitrary prespecified additive error of ε > 0. The proposed approximation algorithm is a generalization of the explicit-enumeration algorithm and offers us full control in the trade-off between accuracy and running time. The main technique we develop for obtaining our scheme is approximation of a fixed-dimensional L♮-convex function on a bounded rectangular set, using only a selected number of points in its domain. Furthermore, we prove that the approximation function preserves L♮-convexity. Finally, to apply the approximate functions in a dynamic program, we bound the error propagation of the approximation. Our approximation scheme is illustrated on a well-known problem in inventory theory, the single-product problem with lost sales and lead times. We demonstrate the practical value of our scheme by implementing our approximation scheme and the explicit-enumeration algorithm on instances of this inventory problem.
Regularity of minimizers of the area functional in metric spaces
Authors: Hakkarainen Heikki , Kinnunen Juha , Lahti Panu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this article we study minimizers of functionals of linear growth in metric measure spaces. We introduce the generalized problem in this setting, and prove existence and local boundedness of the minimizers. We give counterexamples to show that in general, minimizers are not continuous and can have jump discontinuities inside the domain.
Mixing operators and small subsets of the circle
Authors: Bayart Frédéric , Matheron Étienne 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We provide complete characterizations, on Banach spaces with cotype 2, of those linear operators which happen to be weakly mixing or strongly mixing transformations
with respect to some nondegenerate Gaussian measure. These characterizations involve two families of small subsets of the circle: the countable sets and the
so-called sets of uniqueness for Fourier–Stieltjes series. The most interesting part, i.e. the sufficient conditions for weak and strong mixing, is valid on an arbitrary
(complex, separable) Fréchet space.
Triphasic umbilical artery waveform: association with severe fetal growth restriction, fetal demise, and extreme velamentous cord insertion
Authors: Rochelson Burton , Boulis Tharwat Stewart , Tam Hima Tam , Edelman Morris 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Extreme Doppler abnormalities of the umbilical artery such as absent or reversed end diastolic velocity are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We present a case of a triphasic umbilical artery waveform identified at 24 weeks. The fetus was severely growth restricted with an estimated fetal weight of 314 g. A week later, fetal demise occurred. Placental pathology revealed a placental weight of 83 g, an extensive maternal floor infarction, and an extreme velamentous cord insertion 7 cm from the edge of the placental disc, with vessels entering at opposite poles of the placental disc and a single anastomotic bridging vessel on the chorionic plate connecting these two vascular poles. A triphasic umbilical artery waveform may be associated with a premorbid state and severe placental vascular abnormality. We hypothesize that the third and positive component in late diastole is present due to forward flow across the communicating bridging vessel into the contralateral entering vessel.
Preparation and characterization of PVDF-MG49-NH4CF3SO3 based solid polymer electrolyte
Authors: Ataollahi N. , Ahmad A. , Lee T.K. , Abdullah A.R. , Rahman M.Y.A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe ionic conductivity of ammonium-based solid polymer films of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blended with MG49, a graft of natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate), with various compositions of ammonium triflate NH4CF3SO3, was investigated. As a result, 30 wt.% of NH4CF3SO3-doped polymer electrolyte exhibits the highest ionic conductivity at 6.32×10-4S/cm at room temperature. The conductivity enhancement can be attributed to the increase in the number of NH4+as charge carriers. The significance of the blend is the increase of one order in ionic conductivity as compared with pure PVDF electrolyte. The temperature dependence of conductivity of the electrolyte does not obey the Arrhenius law. However, the conductivity increases with temperature and it reached 1.56×10-3S/cm at 363 K. X-ray diffraction reveals a decrease in crystallinity of the electrolyte upon the addition of NH4CF3SO3salt. This result is supported by scanning electron microscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry demonstrates that the anodic stability of the electrolyte is up to 4 V. Therefore, the electrolyte shows good compatibility with high-voltage electrode. Hence, this electrolyte system can be a prospective candidate as lithium-ion conducting electrolyte for lithium batteries.
Impacts of humor and relevance on the remembering of lecture details
Authors: Suzuki Hideo , Heath Linda 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough much previous research has been conducted on remembering humorous materials, only a few studies have examined how visual humorous examples relevant to lecture content enhance the recall and/or recognition of the lecture details. In addition, previous studies have produced conflicting results and have methodological limitations. The present study investigated the interactions between humor and relevance in recall and recognition performance. One hundred sixty five subjects were given humorous or serious video examples which were relevant or irrelevant to lecture materials. Recognition performance, but not recall performance, was better when examples were
The interpersonal meaning of humor styles
Authors: Markey Patrick M. , Suzuki Takakuni , Marino David P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn order to investigate the interpersonal meaning of humor, the relations between humor styles and the Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC) were examined. One-hundred and twenty-seven participants reported their humor styles using the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). These participants' interpersonal styles were also assessed using the eight octants of the IPC. By employing the structural summary method, results indicated that all humor styles produced high levels of interpersonal content, but slightly different interpersonal profiles. Affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles, which are often viewed as adaptive humor styles, were strongly associated with the gregarious-extraverted octant of the IPC, whereas aggressive and self-defeating humor styles, which are often viewed as maladaptive humor styles, were most highly associated with the assured-dominant and arrogant-calculating octants of the IPC.
An easy approach to fabricating HgS/chitosan nanocomposite films and their ability to sense triethylamine
Authors: Wang Shan , Zheng Minyan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A chitosan (CS)–HgS nanocomposite was synthesized by a simulating biomineralization method. The effect of HgS nanoparticles on the physical properties of the composite was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The glass transition temperature (T
g) of the composite was 22°C higher than that of CS. The thermal stability of the composite was higher than that of CS, which was evidenced by the shift of onset temperature of degradation by 22°C as measured by DSC. The SEM image of the HgS/CS nanocomposite film shows that the nanoparticle size was 100 nm. The fluorescence emission of nanocomposite films was found to be very sensitive to the presence of triethylamine; even a small amount of triethylamine dramatically increased emissions. By contrast, emission was hardly affected by other common ions in water. The films are predicted to have the potential to be developed into excellent sensing films for triethylamine.
EosFit7c and a Fortran module (library) for equation of state calculations
Authors: Angel Ross J. , Alvaro Matteo , Gonzalez-Platas Javier 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The relationship between linear elasticity theory of solids and their equations of state (EoS) is reviewed, along with the commonly-used types of isothermal EoS, thermal expansion models, and P-V-T EoS. A new console program, EosFit7c, is presented. It performs EoS calculations and fitting for both volume and linear isothermal data, isobaric data and P-T data. Linear data is handled by cubing the quantities and treating them as volumes in all EoS formulations. Least-squares fitting of EoS to data incorporates the option to weight the fit with the measurement uncertainties in P, V and T simultaneously. The EosFit7c program is built with a new library of subroutines for EoS calculations and manipulation, written in Fortran. The library has been incorporated as a module, cfml_eos, in the publicly-available CrysFML library. The module handles Murnaghan, Tait, Birch-Murnaghan, Vinet, and Natural Strain EoS. For P-V-T calculations any of these isothermal EoS can be combined with a variety of published thermal expansion models, including a model of thermal pressure. The entire library has been revalidated against other software and against an ab-initio re-derivation of the EoS, which identified a number of small errors in published formulae for some EoS.
Colloidal Silica/Poly(Methacrylsiloxane) Nanocomposite Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Toners.
Authors: Fomitchev Dmitry , Lewis Russell , Tu Hairuo , Cheng Li , Kambara Hajime , Moeser Geoffrey 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe report on a new class of materials for laser printer toner applications. These materials were prepared from methacrysilane-in-water emulsions stabilized with colloidal silica particles. In this elegant system, the colloidal silica particles reside at the water/oil interface helping to emulsify the oil droplet, self-organizing into a raspberry-like morphology. The emulsion formation is followed by free-radical polymerization, hydrophobic treatment, and drying steps. This one pot synthesis in water affords a hydrophobic material with a particle size in the range of 80 to 300 nm. The particle size could be fine-tuned by changing the oil-to-silica mass ratio or by using colloidal silica particles of different sizes. Results of material characterization by solid-state NMR, electron microscopy, and particle size measurements methods will be presented. Examples of possible extensions of the synthesis towards materials with methacrylsilane partially substituted with other methacrylates will be provided. Application of the new material in toners will be described as will the comparison of its performance with the incumbent material - hydrophobic colloidal silica.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Delays Palatal Shelf Elevation and Suppresses Wnt5a and Lymphoid Enhancing-Binding Factor 1 Signaling in Developing Palate
Authors: Hu Xiao , Gao Jian Hua , Liao Yun Jun , Tang Shi Jie , Lu Feng 
Published: February 2014

Objective 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin contributes to cleft palate, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the deleterious effect on the developing palate are unclear. Because Wnt signaling is associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in organ development, we wondered whether the malformation of the palate also results from altered Wnt signaling. Results The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin administration affected cell proliferation of the anteroposterior axis of the palatal shelf and delayed shelf elevation in mice. The activity of Wnt5a and lymphoid enhancing-binding factor 1 was inhibited by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the developing palate. Conclusions Downregulated Wnt5a and lymphoid enhancing-binding factor 1 are associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–induced cleft palate. Moreover, delayed shelf elevation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is the crucial mechanism contributing to the high incidence of cleft palate. Our findings may help in elucidating the mechanisms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin–induced cleft palate.
Reexamining the Association Between Smoking and Periodontitis in the Dunedin Study With an Enhanced Analytical Approach
Authors: Zeng Jiaxu , Williams Sheila M. , Fletcher David J. , Cameron Claire M. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Shearer Dara M. , Thomson W. Murray 
Published: February 2014

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease. Conventional oral epidemiology approaches have found strong, consistent associations between chronic smoking and periodontal attachment loss (AL) through ages 26, 32, and 38 years, but those statistical methods disregarded the data's hierarchical structure. This study reexamines the association using hierarchical modeling to: 1) overcome the limitations of an earlier approach (trajectory analysis) to the data and 2) determine the robustness of the earlier inferences.Methods: Periodontal examinations were conducted at ages 26, 32, and 38 years in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. The number of participants examined at those three ages were 913, 918, and 913, respectively. A generalized linear mixed model with a quasi‐binomial approach was used to examine associations between chronic smoking and periodontal AL.Results: At ages 26, 32, and 38, smokers had 3.5%, 12.8%, and 23.2% greater AL than non‐smokers. Regular cannabis use was associated with greater AL after age 32, but not at age 26. Males had more AL than females. Participants with high plaque scores had consistently greater AL; those who were of persistently low socioeconomic status had higher AL at ages 32 and 38, but not at age 26. The amount of AL in anterior teeth was less than in premolars and molars. Gingival bleeding was associated with higher AL at ages 26, 32, and 38.Conclusion: The smoking–periodontitis association is observable with hierarchical modeling, providing strong evidence that chronic smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis.
Antiviral efficacy of nine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against feline immunodeficiency virus in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Schwartz Anita M. , McCrackin Mary Ann , Schinazi Raymond F. , Hill Peter B. , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Tompkins Mary B. , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare cytotoxic effects and antiviral efficacy of 9 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) against FIV in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Sample—Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 3 specific pathogen–free cats.
Procedures—3 of the 9 NRTIs had not been previously assessed in feline cell lines. Cytotoxic effects were determined by colorimetric quantification of a formazan product resulting from bioreduction of a tetrazolium reagent by viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells; uninfected cells from 1 cat were used in these assays. Cells from all 3 cats were infected with a pathogenic clone of FIV, and in vitro antiviral efficacy of each NRTI was assessed with an FIV p24 antigen capture ELISA.
Results—Cytotoxic effects in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed only at concentrations > 10 μM for all 9 NRTIs. Comparison of the cytotoxic effect at the highest concentration investigated (500μM) revealed that didanosine and amdoxovir were significantly less toxic than abacavir. All drugs induced a dose-dependent reduction of FIV replication. At the highest concentration investigated (10μM), there was no significant difference in antiviral efficacy among the test compounds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The evaluated NRTIs had low cytotoxicity against feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells and appeared to be safe options for further in vivo evaluation for the treatment of FIV-infected cats. There was no evidence suggesting that the newly evaluated compounds would be superior to the existing NRTIs for reducing FIV burden of infected cats.