bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Políticas para o ensino superior no âmbito do projeto revolucionário bolivariano da Venezuela: aspectos históricos e conceituais
Authors: Rizzotto Maria Lucia Frizon , Nogueira Francis Mary Guimarães 
Published: August 2012

Este estudo de caráter documental apresenta resultados de pesquisa que objetivou abordar aspectos históricos e conceituais que ajudam a compreender tanto a emergência do Projeto Revolucionário Bolivariano (PRB), como as razões que levaram à criação da Universidade Bolivariana da Venezuela e da Missão Sucre, principal política do governo Chávez para o Ensino Superior. O recorte da pesquisa está circunscrito ao primeiro governo de Chávez, particularmente ao período compreendido entre 2003 e 2006. Buscou-se mostrar como o processo de formação em curso naquele país se articula com a implemen- tação do PRB. Propõe-se também realizar análises acerca da concepção de formação subjacente à política de Ensino Superior. Neste artigo, concluiu-se que a apropriação de princípios liberais no processo educativo, dadas as contradições e a polarização que vive a sociedade venezuelana, pode não viabilizar a conse- cução do processo de transformação social em curso naquele país.
I Can’t Read (Directions)!
Authors: Miller Penelope 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Notation systems for the arts were developed to educate students in performing the art form. Soon notation systems were used in research and archiving performances and skills that could have been lost to the following generations. Virtual travel through the written notations brings experts to students rather than having students go to the teachers. But, unfortunately, reading notation systems is not always valued nor taught in studio classes. Definitions of notation systems and examples from several art forms are presented for illustration. The pedagogy of teaching with notation systems is explored generally and from shared personal experiences. Finally, notations in craft books are reviewed for use in studio settings. Hopefully, literacy of notation systems will be deliberately addressed in future arts classrooms.
Music Teacher as Writer and Producer
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this article I attempt to redefine the role of a music teacher as being more than a director, the more traditional term ascribed to this position. I do this by using descriptions of the role of writer and producer of student lives barrowed from music education philosophy, screenwriting, and professional music producers. This vision is centered on the principle that instilling a creative identity in the lives of music students should be the top priority of the music education profession. By thinking of themselves as the writers and producers of student lives, music teachers will adopt a creative identity themselves that can in turn be shared with students. By adopting these unique roles, the music teacher might experience a sense of meaning and purpose in their teaching that is akin to the composer. In essence, teachers who live out these roles in their teaching create purposeful and meaningful professional lives for themselves, something that can be passed on to students.
On Wittgenstein’s Extension of the Domain of Aesthetic Education: Intransitive Knowledge and Ethics
Authors: Escalera Carla Carmona 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Ludwig Wittgenstein gave priority to aesthetics over other disciplines due to its invaluable capacities for revealing certain aspects of the nature of human understanding and for guiding our actions toward an ethical life. Although Wittgenstein did not focus on these issues in a systematic way, these worries were present in his philosophy during his lifetime. That is why I use a very wide range of his writings, from the Tractatus to letters and diaries. Aesthetic inquiries can throw light upon the existence of an intransitive understanding–that is, a kind of knowledge that cannot be expressed by language shared by all competent users of a language. I also discuss Wittgenstein’s conception of ethics in order to explain the close relationship that he proposed between ethics and aesthetics. I hope this will clarify why he believed there was so much to learn from paintings, films, music, poems, or novels. I compare works of art and religious belief and how the former can help us to guide our lives as the latter does. I do this while extending the scope and claiming the importance of aesthetic education, given that it can help us to deal with our nature and with our history.
An Overview of Progress and Current Challenges in Ultrasonic Treatment of Polymer Melts
Authors: Ávila‐Orta Carlos , Espinoza‐González Carlos , Martínez‐Colunga Guillermo , Bueno‐Baqués Darío , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Lionetto Francesca 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn overview of the current state of art of the ultrasonic treatment technology applied to polymer melts is presented. The research and technological advancements of the ultrasonic treatment as applied to development of polymeric materials are discussed. An analysis of the technological progress shows that the mechanism of the effects of ultrasound on polymer melts is not fully understood at present. Such lack in fully understanding the mechanism could limit the use of this versatile technology in future applications. Based on the critical analysis of the research progress to date, some key issues for a deeper understanding of the chemical and physical effects of ultrasound on polymer melts are identified. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E582–E602, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21303
The dark matter problem from f(R) gravity viewpoint
Authors: Capozziello S. , De Laurentis M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn alternative view to the dark matter puzzle is represented by Extended Theories of Gravity. The approach consists in addressing issues like dark components from the point of view of gravitational field instead of requiring new material ingredients that, up to now, have not been detected at fundamental level. In this review paper, by extending the Hilbert‐Einstein action of gravitational field to more general actions (e.g. f(R) gravity), it is shown that several gravitating structures like stars, spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies and clusters of galaxies can be self‐consistently described without asking for dark matter. It is also shown that standard General Relativity tests and Equivalence Principle constraints can be evaded at Solar System scales.
Curvopeptin: A New Lanthionine‐Containing Class III Lantibiotic and its Co‐substrate Promiscuous Synthetase
Authors: Krawczyk Bartlomiej , Völler Ginka H. , Völler Jan , Ensle Paul , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized peptides containing post‐translationally installed lanthionine thioether bridges. Recently characterized class III lantibiotics have also revealed the occurrence of labionin, a novel carbacyclic variation of lanthionine, and highlighted the structural diversity within this group. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of curvopeptins produced by Thermomonospora curvata, the first class III lantibiotics of thermophilic origin. Furthermore, investigation of the modifying enzyme CurKC and in particular the characterization of its specificity toward phosphorylation co‐substrates was performed. Remarkably, all investigated NTPs and dNTPs were accepted by the enzyme, although the purine nucleotides ATP/dATP and GTP/dGTP were the preferred co‐substrates. This finding complements previous studies on the class III lantibiotic synthetases LabKC and EryKC and underlines the surprising promiscuity of the Ser/Thr‐kinase domain. Enzymatic studies with a precursor peptide mutant allowed the assignment of all dehydration sites and further GC‐MS analysis revealed the presence of lanthionine as the main type of intramolecular ring.
Catalysis in Modified Liquid‐Liquid Multiphase Systems
Authors: Hamerla Tobias , Schwarze Michael , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn dieser Übersicht wird ein Konzept für die Modifizierung von Flüssig/flüssig‐Mehrphasensystemen durch den Zusatz von Tensiden diskutiert, dass die Optimierung dieser Reaktionsmedien für homogen katalysierte Reaktionen ermöglicht. Eine Literaturübersicht zeigt das Anwendungspotenzial für verschiedene Reaktionsklassen auf. Durch die starke Erniedrigung der Grenzflächenspannung bei der Zugabe von Tensiden wird die Stoffaustauschfläche in den modifizierten Flüssig/flüssig‐Mehrphasensystemen so weit erhöht, dass in der Regel keine intensive mechanische Dispergierung erforderlich ist, um den Stofftransport vergleichbar schnell oder schneller als die chemische Reaktion zu machen. Daher können auch in konventionellen Reaktionsapparaten hohe Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten erzielt werden.
Cross‐Industry, Cross‐Technology Approaches in the Strategy of Resource Efficiency
Authors: Müller Josephine , Faulstich Martin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEine ganzheitliche Betrachtung von materiellen Wertschöpfungsketten ermöglicht eine umfassende Analyse signifikanter Stoffströme. Die Untersuchung vor allem rohstoffintensiver und technologiestrategischer Wertschöpfungsketten erscheint in diesem Zusammenhang als prioritär. Die exemplarisch vorgestellte Wertschöpfungskette der Eisen‐ und Stahlindustrie zeigt, dass die betrachteten Input‐ und Outputströme auf den verschiedenen Wertschöpfungsstufen teilweise bereits vernetzt sind. Angestrebt wird die Identifikation von Verknüpfungen der Wertschöpfungsketten, um die Vernetzungs‐ und Verbundpotenziale der deutschen Industrie aufzuzeigen.
Development of an Operator Support System to Increase Safety in Automatized Process Plants
Authors: Löwe Katharina , Dalijono Taufan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWährend des gestörten Betriebs müssen viele Alarme gleichzeitig bearbeitet werden, wobei deren Ursachen und Konsequenzen zum Ergreifen richtiger Gegenmaßnahmen erkannt werden müssen. Prozessleitsysteme liefern nicht alle benötigten Informationen, so dass unvorhergesehene Störungen, Alarmfluten und zusätzliche Bedienhandlungen nach Störungen nicht adressiert werden. Hier wird ein Unterstützungssystem für den Normalbetrieb und den gestörten Betrieb vorgestellt, das diese Informationen bereitstellt. Damit können die Effizienz, die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen erhöht und das Situationsbewusstsein des Operators gestärkt werden.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Aminomethylmonoalkylphosphinate
Authors: Ding Derong , Yan Guang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStarting from the readily available 4‐methylbenzoic acid, an efficient protocol for the preparation of ethyl 4‐(aminomethyl) benzyl (methyl) phosphinate (1), a novel aminomethylmonoalkylphosphinate was reported in this communication. The important step involves the selective monochlorination of phosphonic ester by POCl3 and forming the phosphonochloridate, and followed by nucleophilic addition of CH3MgBr to the acid chloride intermediate.
Molecular System Based on Novel Photochromic Biindenylidenedione Derivative Demonstrating Photomodulation of Magnetism
Authors: Chen Yong , Pang Meili , Cheng Kaige , Wang Ying , Meng Jiben 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStable nitronyl nitroxide radical and imino nitroxide radical were incorporated into the benzene rings of novel photochromic 7,7′‐dimethyl‐[2,2′‐bi‐1H‐indene]‐3,3′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐dione (1), leading to the synthesis of novel multifunctional compounds 4 and 5. The photochromic properties, ESR spectroscopy and magnetic properties of the title compounds were investigated. Compounds 4 and 5 possess visible photochromism upon photoirradiation, and their ESR signals undergo secular broadening after photoirradiation. The magnetic susceptibility measurement shows that the antiferromagnetic interaction of 4 and 5 becomes stronger after photoirradiation. In compounds 4 and 5 there are two kinds of spin centers after photoirradiation: one is nitroxide radical, and the other is photo‐generated radicals from two indanone moieties. Our results demonstrated that the colour and magnetic properties of compounds 4 and 5 could be modulated by photoirradiation.
Ionic Conduction in In3+‐doped ZrP2O7 at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Hongmin , Xiao Jia , Yang Zhijie , Wang Hongtao , Ma Guilin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new series of Zr1−xInxP2O7 (x=0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12) samples were prepared by a solid state reaction method. XRD patterns indicated that the samples of x=0.03–0.09 exhibited a single cubic phase structure, and the doping limit of In3+ in ZrP2O7 was x=0.09. The conduction behavior was investigated in wet hydrogen using various electrochemical methods including AC impedance spectroscopy, isotope effect, gas concentration cells at intermediate temperatures (373–573 K). The conductivities were affected by the doping levels, and increased in the order: σ (x=0.03)<σ (x=0.12)<σ (x=0.06)<σ (x=0.09). The highest conductivity was observed for the sample Zr0.91In0.09P2O7 to be 1.59×10−2 S·cm−1 in wet hydrogen at 573 K. The isotope effect also confirmed the proton conduction of the sample under water vapor‐containing atmosphere. It was found that in wet hydrogen atmosphere Zr0.91In0.09P2O7 was almost pure ionic conductor, the ionic conduction was contributed mainly to proton and partially to oxide ionic. The H2/air fuel cell using x=0.09 sample as electrolyte (thickness: 1.73 mm) generated a maximum power density of 13.5 mW·cm−2 at 423 K and 16.9 mW·cm−2 at 448 K, respectively.
A Passive Mixer with Changeable Mixing Mechanism
Authors: Yang Jun , Qi Li , Chen Yi , Ma Huimin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this work, a 3D mixer has been conceived based on the splitting and recombining mechanism with simple topology structure. This mixer can present excellent performance at extremely low Reynolds number, which is very important for the practical use. Further research exhibits that the mixing also can be realized via the chaotic advection that occurred at decreased aspect ratio of channel. Thus, the changeable mechanism of mixer shows potential of being used widely. Meanwhile, mixing process has been confirmed in a fabricated structure. The simulated flow patterns reappear in a scaled‐up mixer and full mixing can be achieved in 8 mm channel length at varied flow rate. Due to the high efficiency and easy fabrication, this 3D mixer possesses great prospect for a large number of microfluidic systems.
Preparing to be a global franchisor
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFranchising has been a path to growth and expansion for thousands of U.S. companies over the past three decades. And it has also attracted a lot of attention in overseas markets. U.S.‐based franchisors are currently operating in more than 160 countries worldwide. In addition, there are successful overseas franchisors who have penetrated the U.S. market and others. Would your firm like to be a global franchisor? The author of this article discusses the keys to success. © 2012 Andrew J. Sherman
Convergence to IFRS: The Canadian experience
Authors: Pfeffer Kaitlyn , Jacobs Anne , DeLong Cari , Tang Roger Y. W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBeginning in January 2006, the Canadian Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) announced its decision to replace Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for public companies. That decision impacted Canadian investors and businesses and changed the way financial information is reported in Canada. So how have things gone since the decision was made? What has Canada learned? And what can the United States learn from the Canadian experience? The authors have found some answers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International best practices for MD&A: An update
Authors: Cole Cathy J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe author reveals the latest best practices for global firms preparing their management discussion and analysis (MD&A) reports. One key: U.S. preparers of financial reports may find the International Ac‐counting Standards Board's (IASB's) management commentary framework to be a useful aid for en‐hancing their own MD&As. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interactive effect of supplemental ultraviolet B and elevated ozone on seed yield and oil quality of two cultivars of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) carried out in open top chambers
Authors: Tripathi Ruchika , Agrawal Shashi B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Current scenarios of global climate change predict a significant increase in ultraviolet B (UV‐B) and tropospheric ozone (O3) in the near future. Both UV‐B and O3 can have detrimental effects on the productivity and yield quality of important agricultural crops. The present study was conducted to investigate the individual and interactive effects of supplemental UV‐B (sUV‐B) (ambient + 7.2 kJ m−2 day−1) and O3 (ambient + 10 ppb) on the yield and oil quality of two cultivars of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.).RESULTS: The mean monthly ambient O3 concentration varied from 27.7 to 59.0 ppb during the experimental period. O3 affected fruit formation, while sUV‐B was mainly responsible for ovule abortion. Seed sugar and protein contents showed maximum reduction in O3‐treated plants, while mineral nutrient levels were most affected by sUV‐B + O3 treatment. Rancid oil of low nutritional quality and containing long‐chain fatty acids was favoured along with a decrease in oil content.CONCLUSION: sUV‐B and O3 individually as well as in combination caused deterioration of the yield and quality of oil and seeds of linseed. However, the individual effect of O3 was more damaging than the effect of sUV‐B or sUV‐B + O3, and cultivar T‐397 performed better than Padmini. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mark‐resight and sightability modeling of a western Washington elk population
Authors: McCorquodale Scott M. , Knapp Shannon M. , Davison Michael A. , Bohannon Jennifer S. , Danilson Chris D. , Madsen W. Chris 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe North Cascades (Nooksack) elk (Cervus elaphus) population declined during the 1980s, prompting a closure to state and tribal hunting in 1997 and an effort to restore the herd to former abundance. In 2005, we began a study to assess the size of the elk population, judge the effectiveness of restoration efforts, and develop a practical monitoring strategy. We concurrently evaluated 2 monitoring approaches: sightability correction modeling and mark‐resight modeling. We collected data during February–April helicopter surveys and fit logistic regression models to predict the sightability of elk groups based on group and environmental variables. We used an information‐theoretic criterion to compare 9 models of varying complexity; the best model predicted sightability of elk groups based on 1) transformed (log2) group size, 2) forest canopy cover (%), and 3) a categorical activity variable (active vs. bedded). The sightability model indicated relatively steady and modest herd growth during 2006–2011, but estimates were less than minimum‐known‐alive counts. We also used the logit‐normal mixed effects (LNME) mark‐resight model to generate estimates of total elk population size and the sizes of the adult female and branch‐antlered male subpopulations. We explored 15 LNME models to predict total population size and 12 models to predict subpopulations. Our results indicated individual heterogeneity in resighting probabilities and variation in resighting probabilities across sexes and some years. Model‐averaged estimates of total population size increased from 639 (95% CI = 570–706) in spring 2006 to 1,248 (95% CI = 1,094–1,401) in 2011. We estimated the adult female subpopulation increased from 381 (95% CI = 338–424) in spring 2006 to 573 (95% CI = 507–639) by 2011. The branch‐antlered male subpopulation estimates increased from 87 (95% CI = 54–119) to 180 (95% CI = 118–241) from spring 2006 to spring 2011. The LNME model estimates were greater than sightability model estimates and minimum‐known‐alive counts. We concluded that mark‐resight performed better and was a viable approach for monitoring this small elk population and possibly others with similar characteristics (i.e., small population and landscape scales), but this approach requires periodic marking of elk; we estimated mark‐resight costs would be about 40% greater than sightability model application costs. The utility of sightability‐correction modeling was limited by a high proportion of groups with low detectability on our densely forested landscape. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Modeling female brown bear kill rates on moose calves using global positioning satellite data
Authors: Rauset Geir Rune , Kindberg Jonas , Swenson Jon E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe recent development in Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques has started a new era in predation studies. Estimates of kill rates based on animal movements and GPS relocation clusters have proven to be valid in several obligatory carnivores. The main focus has been to obtain accurate mean predation estimates for the management of wildlife populations. We present a model to estimate individual kill rates of moose calves by adult female brown bears in Sweden, based on spatiotemporal clustering of 30,889 bear GPS relocations and 71 moose calves verified killed during 714 field investigations in 2004–2006. In this virtually single‐predator single large prey system, the omnivorous brown bear is an efficient predator on moose calves up to 4 weeks of age. The top model set only included models with cluster radii of 30 m or 50 m, indicating very high kill‐site fidelity. The best model included a cluster radius of 30 m and number of periods of bear activity at the kill site as a single covariate. The mean estimated individual kill rate of 7.6 ± 0.71 (n = 18, ${\bar {x}}$ ± SE) moose calves per calving season is comparable to the estimate of 6.8 from a previous study of radio‐tracked moose in our study area, though at a lower moose/bear ratio. The mean annual kill rates varied from 6.1 to 9.4 calves per bear. The estimated individual kill rates ranged from 2 to 15 calves per season, indicating a large individual variation in hunting skills and possibly effort. Predation and livestock depredation represent a core conflict between humans and carnivores in rural Scandinavia. Accurate predation estimates represent an important step in quantifying costs of carnivores and reducing human–carnivore conflicts. Our technique may be applied in the exploration of predation mechanisms and predator–prey interactions, and contribute to the old and global debate of problem individuals in livestock depredation. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Colloids of Gold Nanoparticles Protected from Aggregation with Arabinogalactan
Authors: Gasilova Ekaterina , Aleksandrova Galina , Sukhov Boris , Trofimov Boris 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe study the colloids of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) covered with water‐soluble natural branched polysaccharide arabinogalactan (ARB) which is used as reducing and capping agent in the GNPs colloidal synthesis. A set of the ARB‐GNP composites with gold content ranging from 3.1 to 11.9% was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy of dried colloids shows that the clustering of spherical GNPs into dimers and trimers increases with the gold content. The ARB‐GNP colloids are studied by static and dynamic light scattering resonantly enhanced by the GNP surface plasmons. The GNPs clustering within the colloids is manifested by the scattered light depolarization. Spherical form of the colloids is proved by the analysis of their translational and rotational diffusion coefficients obtained via dynamic light scattering.