bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and evolution of the sea star egg receptor for sperm bindin
Authors: Hart Michael W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSelection on coevolving sperm‐ and egg‐recognition molecules is a potent engine of population divergence leading to reproductive isolation and speciation. The study of receptor–ligand pairs can reveal co‐evolution of male‐ and female‐expressed genes or differences between their evolution in response to selective factors such as sperm competition and sexual conflict. Phylogeographical studies of these patterns have been limited by targeted gene methods that favour short protein‐coding sequences amplifiable by PCR. Here, I use high‐throughput transcriptomic methods to characterize the structure and divergence of full‐length coding sequences for the gene encoding the protein component of a large complex egg surface glycopeptide receptor for the sperm acrosomal protein bindin from the sea star Patiria miniata. I used a simple but effective method for resolving nucleotide polymorphisms into haplotypes for phylogeny‐based analyses of selection. The protein domain organization of sea star egg bindin receptor (EBR1) was similar to sea urchins and included a pair of protein‐recognition domains plus a series of tandem repeat domains of two types. Two populations separated by a well‐characterized phylogeographical break included lineages of EBR1 alleles under positive selection at several codons (similar to selection on sperm bindin in the same populations). However, these populations shared the same alleles that were under selection for amino acid differences at multiple codons (unlike the pattern of selection for population divergence in sperm bindin). The significance of positively selected EBR1 domains and alleles could be tested in functional analyses of fertilization rates associated with EBR1 (and bindin) polymorphisms.
Representing Land Surface Heterogeneity: Offline Analysis of the Tiling Method
Authors: Manrique-Suñén Andrea , Nordbo Annika , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Beljaars Anton , Mammarella Ivan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe tiling method is used in many land surface models to represent the surface heterogeneity. Each grid box is divided into fractions of different types of land use with independent solutions of the surface energy budget. An area-weighted average of the energy fluxes is computed to couple with the atmosphere, assuming the air above the surface is well blended at a given height. In the framework of validation of the tiling method, the ECMWF land surface scheme has been tested in offline mode driven by meteorological forcing provided by the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). Two contrasting surfaces in the boreal region of southern Finland are considered: a Scots pine forest (Hyytiälä) and a small nearby lake (Valkea-Kotinen). The field observations are used to evaluate the land surface model simulations for both energy fluxes and reservoirs. The model is able to characterize the main difference between the two sites, which appears in the energy partitioning, explained by the lake’s large thermal inertia. In fact, while a large portion of the incoming solar radiation in the forest is released as sensible heat, the lake stores a substantial amount of energy in the water during late spring and summer and releases it in autumn. The different behavior of the fluxes both on annual and diurnal time scales confirms the benefit of a tiling mechanism in the presence of large contrast. However, it is also shown that the assumption of similar conditions at the blending height introduces errors.
Contributors to diffusion impairment in HIV-infected persons
Authors: Gingo Matthew R. , He Jiayan , Wittman Catherine , Fuhrman Carl , Leader Joseph K. , Kessinger Cathy , Lucht Lorrie , Slivka William A. , Zhang Yingze , McMahon Deborah K. , Sciurba Frank C. , Morris Alison 
Published: February 2013

Abnormal diffusing capacity is common in HIV-infected individuals, including never smokers. Aetiologies for diffusing capacity impairment in HIV are not understood, particularly in those without a history of cigarette smoking.Our study was a cross-sectional analysis of 158 HIV-infected individuals without acute respiratory symptoms or infection with the aim to determine associations between a diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) % predicted and participant demographics, pulmonary spirometric measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity), radiographic emphysema (fraction of lung voxels < -950 Hounsfield units), pulmonary vascular/cardiovascular disease (echocardiographic tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) and airway inflammation (induced sputum cell counts), stratified by history of smoking.The meanDLCOwas 65.9% predicted, and 55 (34.8%) participants had a significantly reducedDLCO(<60% predicted). LowerDLCO% predicted in ever-smokers was associated with lower post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted (p<0.001) and greater radiographic emphysema (p=0.001). In never-smokers, mean±sdDLCOwas 72.7±13.4% predicted, andDLCOcorrelated with post-bronchodilator FEV1(p=0.02), sputum neutrophils (p=0.03) and sputum lymphocytes (p=0.009), but not radiographic emphysema.Airway obstruction, emphysema and inflammation influenceDLCOin HIV. Never-smokers may have a unique phenotype of diffusing capacity impairment. The interaction of multiple factors may account for the pervasive nature of diffusing capacity impairment in HIV infection.
The plasmacytoid dendritic cell: at the cross-roads in asthma
Authors: Lynch Jason P. , Mazzone Stuart B. , Rogers Matthew J. , Arikkatt Jaisy J. , Loh Zhixuan , Pritchard Antonia L. , Upham John W. , Phipps Simon 
Published: February 2013

The onset, progression and exacerbations of asthma are frequently associated with viral infections of the lower respiratory tract. An emerging paradigm suggests that this relationship may be underpinned by a defect in the host’s antiviral response, typified by the impaired production of type I and type III interferons (IFNs). The failure to control viral burden probably causes damage to the lung architecture and contributes to an aberrant immune response, which together compromise lung function.Although a relatively rare cell type, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell dedicates much of its transcriptome to the synthesis of IFNs and is pre-armed with virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors. Thus, plasmacytoid dendritic cells are specialised to ensure early viral detection and the rapid induction of the antiviral state to block viral replication and spread. In addition, plasmacytoid dendritic cells can limit immunopathology, and promote peripheral tolerance to prevent allergic sensitisation to harmless antigens, possibly through the induction of regulatory T-cells. Thus, this enigmatic cell may lie at an important intersection, orchestrating the immediate phase of antiviral immunity to effect viral clearance while regulating tolerance.Here, we review the evidence to support the hypothesis that a primary defect in plasmacytoid dendritic function may underlie the development of asthma.
„Good” and „Bad” Ozone - Evaluation on the Basis of Plant Reaction to Ozone / „Dobry” I „Zły” Ozon - Ocena Na Podstawie Reakcji Roślin Na Ozon
Authors: Dzierżyńska Anna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Ozone is a natural and artificial chemical compound of Earth’s atmosphere. O3 is an absorbent of ultraviolet and infrared radiation and has strong oxidative properties. In the stratosphere the ozone layer protects the planet’s surface from dangerous UV radiation, its indirect effect on plant organisms is positive so stratospheric ozone can be called “good” ozone. The depletion of the ozone layer, as a result of atmosphere pollution, described as an ozone “hole” is causing UVB radiation enhanced level on Earth’s surface. The genetic, cytological, physiological and morphological reaction of prolonged UVB exposure in plants is twofold: it damages plants and simultaneously plants protect themselves and repair their injuries. The ozone in the troposphere originates from natural sources and is also a secondary pollutant, formed in photochemical reactions, leading to “smog” and ozone “spots” occurrence. As a strong oxidant, O3 is directly toxic to plants and can be recognized as “bad” ozone. Ozone is also classified as a “greenhouse” gas, participating in global warming. It is difficult to value the impact of O3 as a “greenhouse” gas on plants. The combined effect of O3 changes in the stratosphere and troposphere on plants can be estimated as loss in crop yield and in productivity of natural ecosystems
Mental and cultural changes of enterprise management in accordance with the paradigm of unity
Authors: Grochmal Stanislaw 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The phenomenon of the social, economic, political, cultural, and spiritual activities of the Focolare Movement, implemented in the economy of communion businesses on the global scale for more than 20 years, inspired Biela to formulate the paradigm of unity concept to show its importance in the social sciences field (Biela 1996, 2005). The author of this research paper has expanded Biela’s concept on the basis of the new paradigm theoretical analysis in the social sciences field, particularly in management sciences, and has conducted an empirical investigation in 110 businesses of the economy of communion in 22 countries (Grochmal 2013).
The need of essential mental and cultural changes by the entrepreneurs (managers), as well by the employees, in the management processes is presented in this paper according to the paradigm of unity. The necessity of these changes results from the fundamental assumptions of this same paradigm: from the new holistic look on the management process and interpersonal relationships between shareholders and stakeholders; from the personalistic treatment of each participant in the economic process; and from the role human, relational, and spiritual capitals play in the modern management
Kosmopolitisk Identitet Eller Globalisert Fremmedgjøring
Authors: Andersen Per Thomas 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
In this article I argue that Scandinavian literature in the last 25 years is characterized by an exploration of postmodern conditions for identity construction. My point of departure is that the posttraditional society of late modernity can be described as a community experiencing deep unrest in the two ”nests” which provided most people with feelings of belonging and security in the traditional modern epoch, i.e. the nuclear family and the nation. I analyze two Norwegian novels, Jan Kjærstads´ Forføreren (1993) and Dag Solstads´ Armand V. Fotnoter til en uutgravd roman (2006), as examples of how postnational and cosmopolitan constellations influence both our individual lives and our collectively imagined communities. I focus on what I call click and dragnationalism, XL-nationalism, the one-man-nation and postnational war.
Det Identitetsløse Menneske Etter Modernismen Og Postmodernismen: Noen Eksempler Fra Nordisk Litteratur
Authors: Humpál Martin 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The author of this article attempts to show how the theme of lack of identity figures in Scandinavian literature of the recent decades, especially in postmodernism, and partially also later. The absence of identity was a considerably frequent theme in modernism. According to many modernists the lack of identity was characteristic of the people of the twentieth century, and modernists usually regarded this phenomenon as tragic. This changed in the 1960s. Some modernist writers of the 1960s began to view the absence of identity in a more conciliatory way: their works featured a greater acceptance for the idea of an individual with no core. This movement away from the tragic conception toward a greater acceptance forms an important line of development in later Scandinavian literature. The article discusses a few selected texts which illustrate this development. The examples include texts by Hans-Jørgen Nielsen, Dag Solstad, Peter Høeg and Erlend Loe.
Ground surface subsidence as effect of underground mining of the thick coal seams in the Jiu valley basin / Osiadanie gruntów wskutek wybierania pokładów o dużej miąższości w kopalniach zagłębia w dolinie Jiu
Authors: Onica Ilie , Marian Dacian 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In the case of the thick and gentle coal seam no. 3 of the Jiu Valley Coal Basin (Romania), the mining methods are by use of the longwall mining technologies with roof control by caving or top coal caving. In this paper, it is presented the analysis of the complex deformations of the ground surface, over time, as a consequence of the coal mining in certain mining fields of the basin. Also, it is analysed the ground surface subsidence phenomenon using the CESAR-LCPC finite element code. The modelling is made in the elasticity and the elasto-plasticity behaviour hypothesis. Also, the time dependent analysis of the ground surface deformation was achieved with the aid of an especial profile function. The obtained results are compared with the in situ measurements data basis.
Electronic stopping of protons in xenon plasmas due to free and bound electrons
Authors: Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. , Casas David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this work, proton stopping due to free and bound electrons in a plasma target is analyzed. The stopping of free electrons is calculated using the dielectric formalism, well described in previous literature. In the case of bound electrons, Hartree-Fock methods and oscillator strength functions are used. Differences between both stopping, due to free and bound electrons, are shown in noble gases. Then, enhanced plasma stopping can be easily estimated from target ionization. Finally, we compare our calculations with an experiment in xenon plasmas finding a close agreement.
An Unusual Cause of Syncope: Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Yildiz Abdulkadir , Tuncez Abdullah , Demirkan Burcu , Guray Yesim 
Published: February 2013

Mini‐AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) diagnosed in adulthood is very uncommon. In this case report, we describe a case of postprandial syncope in a patient with CDH compressing right heart chambers.
Common carotid and brachial artery hemodynamic alterations in periodontal disease
Authors: Carallo Claudio , De Franceschi Maria Serena , Tripolino Cesare , Figliuzzi Michele , Irace Concetta , Fortunato Leonzio , Gnasso Agostino 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimIn patients affected by periodontal disease, hypertension and systemic inflammation might cause an arterial hemodynamic derangement; this, in turn, can act as a mediator of the atherogenic process often seen in these patients. This study aimed at a comprehensive hemodynamic evaluation in periodontal patients.MethodsFourty‐eight subjects participating to a cardiovascular prevention programme were enrolled. Periodontitis, classical risk factors for atherosclerosis, and shear and tensile forces in both carotid and brachial arteries were evaluated. Calculated periodontal indexes were plaque, gingival and pocket deep (PD) indexes. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. Afterwards, 30 of them with normal PD index were compared with 30 carefully – matched patients with periodontitis.ResultsBrachial and carotid parietal tension were significantly associated with periodontal indexes, especially PD‐Sum, in both simple (r = 0.42, p < 0.001 for carotid artery and r = 0.36, p < 0.02 for brachial artery) and multiple regression analyses. Shear stress gave similar results. In case‐control analysis, shear stress was lower by 15% and 30%, respectively, in carotid and brachial artery in patients with high PD; common carotid parietal tension was higher. Arterial stiffness resulted not associated with periodontitis.ConclusionsPeriodontal disease is associated to a complex atherosclerotic prone hemodynamic derangement, particularly in large elastic arteries.
Prevalence and characteristics of nodular gastritis in Japanese elderly
Authors: Kitamura Shinji , Yasuda Mitsugi , Muguruma Naoki , Okamoto Koichi , Takeuchi Hisashi , Bando Yoshimi , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Okahisa Toshiya , Yano Mitsuyasu , Torisu Ryusuke , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimNodular gastritis (NG) is defined as antral gastritis with endoscopic findings usually characterized by a miliary pattern resembling “goose flesh.” There is a possible association between NG and gastric cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate whether there are some differences between young and elderly people in incidence and characteristics of NG and estimate potential risk factors for gastric cancer in adults with NG.MethodsPatients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for abdominal symptoms or cancer screening. Incidence rates and relationship between an elderly group (40 years or older) and young group (< 40 years) were assessed by endoscopic grade of NG, atrophic grade, concomitant diseases, and serum pepsinogen (PG).ResultsNG was found in 62 cases (0.94%) out of 6623 patients who underwent endoscopy, with a mean age of 47.3 ± 13.3 years. Female patients were present at a significantly higher rate in the elderly group (P < 0.001). The grade of neutrophil infiltration in the greater curvature of the upper gastric body was recognized at a significantly higher rate in the elderly group (P < 0.05). PG II was present at a higher rate and PG I/II at a lower rate in the elderly group (P < 0.05). The odds ratio for the risk of gastric cancer in patients with NG was 2.1 (95% confidence interval 0.3–15.3) in the elderly group.ConclusionNG in the elderly was also suggested to be a risk factor for gastric cancer as well as in the young.
TNF‐α Upregulates Fgl2 Expression in Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jia Peng , Wang Jue , Wang Li , Chen Xin , Chen Yu , Li Wen‐Zhu , Long Rui , Chen Jian , Shu Yan‐Wen , Liu Kun , Wang Zhao‐Hui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveProinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α during MI/R injury has been studied extensively. However, how TNF‐α induces microvascular dysfunction in MI/R is still unclear. This study investigates whether TNF‐α regulates fibrinogen‐like protein 2 (fgl2) expression, a procoagulant resulting in the formation of fibrin‐rich microthrombus in MI/R injury.Methods and ResultsMicrothrombosis, TNF‐α and fgl2 expression were assessed in rats with MI/R injury. The effect of TNF‐α on fgl2 expression and fgl2 prothrombinase activity was investigated in CMECs, then CMECs were pretreated with selective inhibitors of NF‐κB and p38 MAPK pathways. TNF‐α and fgl2 expression were both upregulated in MI/R group. When neutralization of TNF‐α, fgl2 expression was decreased in vivo. Fgl2 expression was upregulated in CMECs exposed to TNF‐α. Accordingly, the ability of thrombin generation was increased in CMECs. Besides, TNF‐α‐induced fgl2 expression in the cells was suppressed by NF‐κB inhibitor PDTC and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580.ConclusionTNF‐α upregulates fgl2 expression via activation of NF‐kB and p38 MAPK in CMECs. TNF‐α‐induced flg2 in CMECs mediates the formation of fibrin‐rich microthrombus, which may be one of the mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction or obstruction due to MI/R injury.
Ambulatory models of care for obstructive sleep apnoea: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Chai‐Coetzer Ching Li , Antic Nick A. , McEvoy R. Doug 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and increasing awareness of its potential health consequences has placed significant pressure on laboratory‐based sleep services leading to growing waiting lists and delays in diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in the use of simplified, ambulatory models of care involving clinical prediction tools, portable sleep monitoring and home autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure. Researchers are also exploring the potential role for a wider range of health‐care providers, including trained nurses and general practitioners, in the primary management of OSA. Recent randomized, controlled studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of ambulatory management strategies versus traditional laboratory‐based care for patients with OSA have consistently demonstrated that comparable patient outcomes can be achieved. The cost‐effectiveness of these strategies is currently being debated, and further research examining the long‐term economic implications of ambulatory models of care is needed.
The ownership of Aboriginal English in Australia
Authors: MALCOLM IAN G. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA widely‐observed postcolonial phenomenon is the indigenization of English by communities into which it was formerly involuntarily introduced. When this takes place, the community which has appropriated English to serve its own purposes regards the language as their own. The question of the ownership of English has been extensively discussed by applied linguists against the background of globalization and the need for TESOL teachers to agree on what they can legitimately claim to teach. Aboriginal English is non‐standard and has a long history in Australia of marginalization. This paper argues, on the basis of Australian and international evidence, that claims of ownership of a dialect of English entail questions of identity, authenticity, group membership and language rights. In particular, it investigates the bidialectal tension affecting Aboriginal Australians, involving ambivalence to Standard English, potential misinterpretation of the unqualified term ‘English’ and the cross‐cultural use of schemas in interpreting speakers of the other dialect. The paper concludes by addressing the question of under what conditions, in view of the assertion of ownership of English by Aboriginal English speakers, education may successfully equip them to operate in a world which requires Standard English.
Was/were alternation in Shetland English
Authors: DURHAM* MERCEDES 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTDialect use in Shetland's main town, Lerwick, demonstrates substantial interspeaker variability in the youngest generation, with some young speakers never using dialect features and some using them at rates similar to older generations. Such extreme interspeaker variability may be a harbinger of a complete shift to standardized varieties of English in subsequent generations as was suggested by Dorian in her research on Gaelic‐speaking communities. This paper attempts to examine the extent to which these predictions are accurate, by focussing on a set of features (was/were variation) which began shifting towards standardized English in the middle aged generation. This makes it possible to concretely gauge what the effects of considerable interspeaker variability are on subsequent generations. The separate, yet linked, distribution of the features studied also makes it possible to examine constant rate effects more closely.
Draft Genome Sequence of Type Strain Clostridium pasteurianum DSM 525 (ATCC 6013), a Promising Producer of Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Rappert Sugima , Song Lifu , Sabra Wael , Wang Wei , Zeng An-Ping 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Clostridium pasteurianum
, an anaerobic bacterium able to utilize atmospheric free nitrogen for biosynthesis, has recently been proven to be a promising producer of chemicals and fuels, such as 1,3-propanediol and
n
-butanol. Here, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of DSM 525, a type strain of
C. pasteurianum
.