bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Coefficient Diagram Method Controller with Backstepping Methodology for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Haouari Fouad , Nourdine Bali , Boucherit Mohamed Segir , Tadjine Mohamed 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A new robust control procedure for robot manipulators is proposed in this paper. Coefficients diagram method controllers CDM and Backstepping methodology are combined to create the novel control law. Two steps of backstepping on the resulting system are used to design a nonlinear CDM-Backstepping controller. Simulations on a PUMA robot including external disturbances, parametric uncertainties and noises are performed to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Technological Aspects in Fabrication of Micro- and Nano-Sized Carbon Based Features: Nanorods, Periodical Arrays and Self-Standing Membranes
Authors: Ižák Tibor , Domonkos Mária , Babchenko Oleg , Varga Marián , Rezek Bohuslav , Jurka Vlastimil , Hruška Karel , Kromka Alexander 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Diamond and/or carbon thin films are in the center of interest due to their variability and extraordinary combination of intrinsic properties. However, some applications require fabrication of films with tailored properties. Especially, fabrication of periodic structures is highly attractive due to their increased surface area. In this contribution we point out the key technological aspects for fabrication of micro- and nano-sized carbon-based structures. Three representative structures are presented: diamond nanorods, self-assembled templates and self-standing diamond membranes. We found that the diameter of diamond nanorods can be controlled in a broad range from 10 to 200 nm by the masking material (Au vs Ni) and its initial thickness (from few to tens of nanometers). The assembly of polystyrene microspheres in mono- or multi-layer with square or hexagonal periodicities was controlled by the spin-coating parameters. The diamond porous membrane was selectively grown on Si substrate with an interdigital or mesh like geometry. Advantages of each structure as well as the fabrication limitations are discussed more in detail and finally their representative applications are pointed out.
An Approach to Measurment of Permeability/Permittivity Tensor of Ferrofluids
Authors: Mayer Daniel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The magnetic field acting on the ferrofluids causes microstructural conversions that result in a change of their permeability. For this physical phenomenon is referred to as field induced magnetism (FIMA). An experimental method is described for ferrofluids in this state to examine their permeability tensor. Also an analogous phenomenon is described also when there is a change of the ferrofluids permittivity. We call it field induced dielectric anisotropy (FIDA). The contribution describes the method of measuring of the permittivity tensor. It can be expected that the FIMA and FIDA of ferrofluids will find interesting applications in designing of various sensors, in measurement technology, in mechatronic and in other areas of practice.
Structure of Rapidly Quenched Fe-Co-Sn-B Systems with Varying Fe/Co Ratio
Authors: Janotová Irena , Švec Peter , Mat’ko Igor , Švec Peter , Janičkovič Dušan , Zigo Juraj 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We present a study of ferromagnetic systems based on Fe-Co-Sn-B in nanocrystalline state. Interesting magnetic properties potentially are given by the homogeneous and ultrafine structure of bcc Fe grains in amorphous structure. The effect of alloying by Sn improves the properties of resulting structure constituted be crystalline grains in amorphous matrix. The structure transformation from amorphous state was investigated by selected techniques of thermal analysis and the resulting phase and morphology of crystalline products were analyzed.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of Overheated Brackets Made of Nimonic Alloy 90
Authors: Cagliyan E. , Walter F. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Fastening brackets for ceramic heat shields of gas turbine engine combustion chambers were found to be grossly overheated after only 1 100 operating hours. They were made from the wrought nickel-base superalloy Nimonic alloy 90. The affected parts were disassembled from the engine and replaced. One bracket was selected for an exemplary metallographic examination at the laboratory of the gas turbine engine manufacturer. The bracket exhibited severe deformation, oxidation, and creep damage. The alloy was selected properly for this application. The cause of the thermal overload is unknown to the investigating laboratory. It was recommended to find and remove the reason for the excess thermal exposure.
Effect of Continuous and Pulsed Currents on Microstructural Evolution of Stainless Steel Joined by TIG Welding
Authors: Durgutlu A. , Fındık T. , Gülenç B. , Çevik B. , Kaya Y. , Kahraman N. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this study, AISI 316L series austenitic stainless steel sheets were joined by tungsten inert gas welding method in continuous and pulsed currents. Regarding microstructural investigation and hardness values of weld metal, samples were welded to investigate the effect of current type on grain structures of weld metal. Results showed that samples welded by using pulsed current had considerable different properties compared to the samples welded by using continuous current. While the weld metals of joinings obtained by using continuous current displayed a coarse-grained and columnar structure, weld metals obtained by using pulsed current had a finer-grained structure. It was also found that hardness values of samples, which were welded with continuous and pulsed current, were quite different.
La mort aujourd’hui et le risque de « périssement »
Authors: Ménissier Thierry 
Published: November 2015

Cet article esquisse un relevé des changements déjà en cours ou à venir qui, dans un futur proche, sont susceptibles de modifier le rapport des hommes à leur propre mort, et met en relief le risque encouru de perte de sens. Ce risque est paradoxalement provoqué par la performance de la technologie des soins, qui transforme les derniers moments de l’existence en « fin de vie », expression en passe de devenir ordinaire mais dont il est nécessaire de remettre en question l’usage. L’article examine ensuite les éléments de la philosophie du mourir qui a été développée, d’une manière typiquement moderne et dans un sens différent de la tradition antique, par les courants existentialiste, phénoménologique et issu de la philosophie de la technique, afin de s’interroger sur leur pertinence pour aujourd’hui. Il explore enfin les ressources du thème de « l’intentionnalité du mourant », ce qui permet d’éclairer les aspects problématiques de la responsabilité du mourant et de souligner les apports réciproques possibles des vivants et des mourants.
A Fourth-Order Compact Finite Difference Scheme for Higher-Order PDE-Based Image Registration
Authors: Jewprasert Sopida , Chumchob Noppadol , Chantrapornchai Chantana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractImage registration is an ill-posed problem that has been studied widely in recent years. The so-called curvature-based image registration method is one of the most effective and well-known approaches, as it produces smooth solutions and allows an automatic rigid alignment. An important outstanding issue is the accurate and efficient numerical solution of the Euler-Lagrange system of two coupled nonlinear biharmonic equations, addressed in this article. We propose a fourth-order compact (FOC) finite difference scheme using a splitting operator on a 9-point stencil, and discuss how the resulting nonlinear discrete system can be solved efficiently by a nonlinear multi-grid (NMG) method. Thus after measuring the h-ellipticity of the nonlinear discrete operator involved by a local Fourier analysis (LFA), we show that our FOC finite difference method is amenable to multi-grid (MG) methods and an appropriate point-wise smoothing procedure. A high potential point-wise smoother using an outer-inner iteration method is shown to be effective by the LFA and numerical experiments. Real medical images are used to compare the accuracy and efficiency of our approach and the standard second-order central (SSOC) finite difference scheme in the same NMG framework. As expected for a higher-order finite difference scheme, the images generated by our FOC finite difference scheme prove significantly more accurate than those computed using the SSOC finite difference scheme. Our numerical results are consistent with the LFA analysis, and also demonstrate that the NMG method converges within a few steps.
A Staggered Discontinuous Galerkin Method with Local TV Regularization for the Burgers Equation
Authors: Chan Hiu Ning , Chung Eric T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe staggered discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method has been recently developed for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. An important advantage of such methodology is that the numerical solution automatically satisfies some conservation properties which are also satisfied by the exact solution. In this paper, we will consider the numerical approximation of the inviscid Burgers equation by the SDG method. For smooth solutions, we prove that our SDG method has the properties of mass and energy conservation. It is well-known that extra care has to be taken at locations of shocks and discontinuities. In this respect, we propose a local total variation (TV) regularization technique to suppress the oscillations in the numerical solution. This TV regularization is only performed locally where oscillation is detected, and is thus very efficient. Therefore, the resulting scheme will preserve the mass and energy away from the shocks and the numerical solution is regularized locally near shocks. Detailed description of the method and numerical results are presented.
A Numerical Method for Solving Matrix Coefficient Heat Equations with Interfaces
Authors: Wang Liqun , Shi Liwei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a numerical method for solving the heat equations with interfaces. This method uses the non-traditional finite element method together with finite difference method to get solutions with second-order accuracy. It is capable of dealing with matrix coefficient involving time, and the interfaces under consideration are sharp-edged interfaces instead of smooth interfaces. Modified Euler Method is employed to ensure the accuracy in time. More than 1.5th order accuracy is observed for solution with singularity (second derivative blows up) on the sharp-edged interface corner. Extensive numerical experiments illustrate the feasibility of the method.
Multiphasic strain differentiation of atypical mycobacteria from elephant trunk wash
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Loke Mun Fai , Ong Bee Lee , Wong Yan Ling , Hong Kar Wai , Tan Kian Hin , Kaur Sargit , Ng Hien Fuh , Abdul Razak MFA , Ngeow Yun Fong 
Published: November 2015

Background.Two non-tuberculous mycobacterial strains, UM_3 and UM_11, were isolated from the trunk wash of captive elephants in Malaysia. As they appeared to be identical phenotypes, they were investigated further by conventional and whole genome sequence-based methods of strain differentiation.Methods.Multiphasic investigations on the isolates included species identification with hsp65 PCR-sequencing, conventional biochemical tests, rapid biochemical profiling using API strips and the Biolog Phenotype Microarray analysis, protein profiling with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, repetitive sequence-based PCR typing and whole genome sequencing followed by phylogenomic analyses.Results.The isolates were shown to be possibly novel slow-growing schotochromogens with highly similar biological and genotypic characteristics. Both strains have a genome size of 5.2 Mbp, G+C content of 68.8%, one rRNA operon and 52 tRNAs each. They qualified for classification into the same species with their average nucleotide identity of 99.98% and tetranucleotide correlation coefficient of 0.99999. At the subspecies level, both strains showed 98.8% band similarity in the Diversilab automated repetitive sequence-based PCR typing system, 96.2% similarity in protein profiles obtained by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and a genomic distance that is close to zero in the phylogenomic tree constructed with conserved orthologs. Detailed epidemiological tracking revealed that the elephants shared a common habitat eight years apart, thus, strengthening the possibility of a clonal relationship between the two strains.
Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children: proposal for a new diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Iorio Giulio , Capasso Maria , De Luca Giuseppe , Prisco Salvatore , Mancusi Carlo , Laganà Bruno , Comune Vincenzo 
Published: November 2015

Background.Despite guideline recommendations, chest radiography (CR) for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is commonly used also in mild and/or uncomplicated cases. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of lung ultrasonography (LUS) as an alternative test in these cases and suggest a new diagnostic algorithm.Methods.We reviewed the medical records of all patients admitted to the pediatric ward from February 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014 with respiratory signs and symptoms. We selected only cases with mild/uncomplicated clinical course and in which CR and LUS were performed within 24 h of each other. The LUS was not part of the required exams recorded in medical records but performed independently. The discharge diagnosis, made only on the basis of history and physical examination, laboratory and instrumental tests, including CR (without LUS), was used as a reference test to compare CR and LUS findings.Results.Of 52 selected medical records CAP diagnosis was confirmed in 29 (55.7%). CR was positive in 25 cases, whereas LUS detected pneumonia in 28 cases. Four patients with negative CR were positive in ultrasound findings. Instead, one patient with negative LUS was positive in radiographic findings. The LUS sensitivity was 96.5% (95% CI [82.2%–99.9%]), specificity of 95.6% (95% CI [78.0%–99.9%]), positive likelihood ratio of 22.2 (95% CI [3.2–151.2]), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.04 (95% CI [0.01–0.25]) for diagnosing pneumonia.Conclusion.LUS can be considered as a valid alternative diagnostic tool of CAP in children and its use must be promoted as a first approach in accordance with our new diagnostic algorithm.
Evidence of Middle Jurassic magmatism within the Seychelles microcontinent: Implications for the breakup of Gondwana
Authors: Shellnutt J. G. , Lee T.‐Y. , Chiu H.‐Y. , Lee Y.‐H. , Wong J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe breakup of East and West Gondwana occurred during the Jurassic, but the exact timing is uncertain due to the limited exposure of rocks suitable for radioisotopic dating. Trachytic rocks from Silhouette Island, Seychelles, yielded a range of zircon ages from Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic. The 206Pb/238U age of the trachyte is 64.9 ± 1.6 Ma (Danian) but the majority of zircons yielded an age of 163.8 ± 1.8 Ma (Callovian) with a small subset yielding an age of 147.7 ± 4.5 Ma (Tithonian). The Hf isotopes of the Callovian (εHf(t) = +4.1 to +13.4) and Danian (εHf(t) = +1.9 to +7.1) zircons indicate that they were derived from moderately depleted mantle sources whereas the Tithonian zircons (εHf(t) = −7.0 to −7.3) were derived from an enriched source. The identification of middle Jurassic zircons indicates that rifting and magmatism were likely contemporaneous during the initial separation of East and West Gondwana.
Optimal precursors of different types of ENSO events
Authors: Capotondi Antonietta , Sardeshmukh Prashant D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNot all El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are the same. Their global impacts can differ substantially depending on whether the associated sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are stronger in the central Pacific (CP) or the eastern Pacific (EP). The predictability of such differences is therefore of interest. In this study, the optimal two‐season precursors of different ENSO types are investigated in a linear inverse modeling framework using observational SST and thermocline depth data for 1958–2007. It is shown that different SST precursor types alone do not favor the generation of different ENSO types. However, initial subsurface conditions characterized by a deeper thermocline in the eastern Pacific and a shallower thermocline in the central Pacific favor the generation of EP‐type events, while a shallower thermocline in the east and a deeper thermocline in the central/western Pacific are conducive to CP‐type events. The predictability of different ENSO types thus depends importantly on initial subsurface conditions.
Precipitation projections in the tropical Pacific are sensitive to different types of SST bias adjustment
Authors: Brown Jaclyn N. , Matear Richard J. , Brown Josephine R. , Katzfey Jack 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany coupled climate models suffer from large sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the tropical Pacific, and for this reason studies have used a combination of observed SSTs and model‐generated SST warming patterns to obtain climate projections. However, the existence of biases in the present‐day coupled model SSTs implies that SST future warming patterns may also be biased. Models with large biases in tropical Pacific SST simulate warming that does not align with the observed cold tongue, producing a dynamically unrealistic pattern when added to observed SSTs. We demonstrate that projections of precipitation are highly sensitive to the warming pattern of SSTs by using idealized annually forced atmospheric model experiments. Simple bias adjustment of the warming pattern is applied, leading to precipitation changes that are around 60% weaker in the Western Tropical Pacific. Sensitivity of precipitation to small changes in the SST may explain the large discrepancies in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 precipitation projections in this region.
Nonuniversality of the Archie exponent due to multifractality of resistivity well logs
Authors: Dashtian Hassan , Yang Yafan , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractArchie's law expresses a relation between the formation factor F of porous media and their porosity ϕ,
, where m is the Archie or the cementation exponent. Despite widespread use of Archie's law, the value of m and whether it is universal and independent of the type of reservoir have remained controversial. We analyze various porosity and resistivity logs along 36 wells in six Iranian oil and gas reservoirs using wavelet transform coherence and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. m is estimated for two sets of data: one set contains the resistivity data that include those segments of the well that contain significant clay content and one without. The analysis indicates that the well logs are multifractal and that due to the multifractality the exponent m is nonuniversal. Thus, analysis of the resistivity of laboratory or outcrop samples that are not multifractal yields estimates of m that are not applicable to well logs in oil or gas reservoirs.
Occurrence and trends of eastern and central Pacific El Niño in different reconstructed SST data sets
Authors: Diamond Michael S. , Bennartz Ralf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterest in El Niño diversity has increased in the past decade, with much attention given to the hypothesis that there exist distinct eastern Pacific and central Pacific (CP) types. It is well known that classification systems in the literature differ, sometimes dramatically, by methodology. We test to what extent differences may occur due to the use of different sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions, focusing on the newly released version 4 of the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) data set, two earlier versions of the ERSST data set, and an independent data set, Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST). The updated ERSST data set identifies more CP El Niños than the two older versions of ERSST and HadISST. Classification differences occur throughout the entire record rather than being restricted to the early period. We explore the potential influence of SST data set choice on the study of El Niño diversity impacts using precipitation anomalies in the western United States.
A new interpretation of seismic tomography in the southern Dead Sea basin using neural network clustering techniques
Authors: Braeuer Benjamin , Bauer Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Dead Sea is a prime location to study the structure and development of pull‐apart basins. We analyzed tomographic models of Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs using self‐organizing map clustering techniques. The method allows us to identify major lithologies by their petrophysical signatures. Remapping the clusters into the subsurface reveals the distribution of basin sediments, prebasin sedimentary rocks, and crystalline basement. The Dead Sea basin shows an asymmetric structure with thickness variation from 5 km in the west to 13 km in the east. Most importantly, we identified a distinct, well‐defined body under the eastern part of the basin down to 18 km depth. Considering its geometry and petrophysical signature, this unit is interpreted as a buried counterpart of the shallow prebasin sediments encountered outside of the basin and not as crystalline basement. The seismicity distribution supports our results, where events are concentrated along boundaries of the basin and the deep prebasin sedimentary body. Our results suggest that the Dead Sea basin is about 4 km deeper than assumed from previous studies.
Multiple loss processes of relativistic electrons outside the heart of outer radiation belt during a storm sudden commencement
Authors: Yu J. , Li L.Y. , Cao J. B. , Yuan Z. G. , Reeves G. D. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Spence H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBy examining the compression‐induced changes in the electron phase space density and pitch angle distribution observed by two satellites of Van Allen Probes (RBSP‐A/B), we find that the relativistic electrons (>2 MeV) outside the heart of outer radiation belt (L* ≥ 5) undergo multiple losses during a storm sudden commencement. The relativistic electron loss mainly occurs in the field‐aligned direction (pitch angle α < 30° or >150°), and the flux decay of the field‐aligned electrons is independent of the spatial location variations of the two satellites. However, the relativistic electrons in the pitch angle range of 30°–150° increase (decrease) with the decreasing (increasing) geocentric distance (|ΔL| < 0.25) of the RBSP‐B (RBSP‐A) location, and the electron fluxes in the quasi‐perpendicular direction display energy‐dispersive oscillations in the Pc5 period range (2–10 min). The relativistic electron loss is confirmed by the decrease of electron phase space density at high‐L shell after the magnetospheric compressions, and their loss is associated with the intense plasmaspheric hiss, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, relativistic electron precipitation (observed by POES/NOAA satellites at 850 km), and magnetic field fluctuations in the Pc5 band. The intense EMIC waves and whistler mode hiss jointly cause the rapidly pitch angle scattering loss of the relativistic electrons within 10 h. Moreover, the Pc5 ULF waves also lead to the slowly outward radial diffusion of the relativistic electrons in the high‐L region with a negative electron phase space density gradient.