bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth kinetics of Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound at liquid-solid interfaces in Cu/Sn/Cu interconnects under temperature gradient
Authors: Zhao N. , Zhong Y. , Huang M.L. , Ma H.T. , Dong W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe growth behavior of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the liquid-solid interfaces in Cu/Sn/Cu interconnects during reflow at 250 °C and 280 °C on a hot plate was investigated. Being different from the symmetrical growth during isothermal aging, the interfacial IMCs showed clearly asymmetrical growth during reflow, i.e., the growth of Cu6Sn5 IMC at the cold end was significantly enhanced while that of Cu3Sn IMC was hindered especially at the hot end. It was found that the temperature gradient had caused the mass migration of Cu atoms from the hot end toward the cold end, resulting in sufficient Cu atomic flux for interfacial reaction at the cold end while inadequate Cu atomic flux at the hot end. The growth mechanism was considered as reaction/thermomigration-controlled at the cold end and grain boundary diffusion/thermomigration-controlled at the hot end. A growth model was established to explain the growth kinetics of the Cu6Sn5 IMC at both cold and hot ends. The molar heat of transport of Cu atoms in molten Sn was calculated as + 11.12 kJ/mol at 250 °C and + 14.65 kJ/mol at 280 °C. The corresponding driving force of thermomigration in molten Sn was estimated as 4.82 × 10−19 N and 6.80 × 10−19 N.
Quantum walk coherences on a dynamical percolation graph
Authors: Elster Fabian , Barkhofen Sonja , Nitsche Thomas , Novotný Jaroslav , Gábris Aurél , Jex Igor , Silberhorn Christine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCoherent evolution governs the behaviour of all quantum systems, but in nature it is often subjected to influence of a classical environment. For analysing quantum transport phenomena quantum walks emerge as suitable model systems. In particular, quantum walks on percolation structures constitute an attractive platform for studying open system dynamics of random media. Here, we present an implementation of quantum walks differing from the previous experiments by achieving dynamical control of the underlying graph structure. We demonstrate the evolution of an optical time-multiplexed quantum walk over six double steps, revealing the intricate interplay between the internal and external degrees of freedom. The observation of clear non-Markovian signatures in the coin space testifies the high coherence of the implementation and the extraordinary degree of control of all system parameters. Our work is the proof-of-principle experiment of a quantum walk on a dynamical percolation graph, paving the way towards complex simulation of quantum transport in random media.
Susceptibility loci in lung cancer and COPD: association of IREB2 and FAM13A with pulmonary diseases
Authors: Ziółkowska-Suchanek Iwona , Mosor Maria , Gabryel Piotr , Grabicki Marcin , Żurawek Magdalena , Fichna Marta , Strauss Ewa , Batura-Gabryel Halina , Dyszkiewicz Wojciech , Nowak Jerzy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified loci at 15q25 (IREB2) and 4q22 (FAM13A), associated with lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of our research was to determine the association of IREB2 and FAM13A SNPs with LC and severe/very severe COPD patients. We examined IREB2 variants (rs2568494, rs2656069, rs10851906, rs13180) and FAM13A (rs1903003, rs7671167, rs2869967) among 1.141 participants (468 LC, 149 COPD, 524 smoking controls). The frequency of the minor IREB2 rs2568494 AA genotype, was higher in LC vs controls (P = 0.0081, OR = 1.682). The FAM13A rs2869967 was associated with COPD (minor CC genotype: P = 0.0007, OR = 2.414). The rs1903003, rs7671167 FAM13A variants confer a protective effect on COPD (both P < 0.002, OR < 0.405). Haplotype-based tests identified an association of the IREB2 AAAT haplotype with LC (P = 0.0021, OR = 1.513) and FAM13A TTC with COPD (P = 0.0013, OR = 1.822). Cumulative genetic risk score analyses (CGRS), derived by adding risk alleles, revealed that the risk for COPD increased with the growing number of the FAM13A risk alleles. OR (95% CI) for carriers of ≥5 risk alleles reached 2.998 (1.8 to 4.97) compared to the controls. This study confirms that the IREB2 variants contribute to an increased risk of LC, whereas FAM13A predisposes to increased susceptibility to COPD.
Surface Plasmon Enhanced Sensitive Detection for Possible Signature of Majorana Fermions via a Hybrid Semiconductor Quantum Dot-Metal Nanoparticle System
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun , Zhu Ka-Di 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the present work, we theoretically propose an optical scheme to detect the possible signature of Majorana fermions via the optical pump-probe spectroscopy, which is very different from the current tunneling measurement based on electrical methods. The scheme consists of a metal nanoparticle and a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a hybrid semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures. The results show that the probe absorption spectrum of the quantum dot presents a distinct splitting due to the existence of Majorana fermions. Owing to surface plasmon enhanced effect, this splitting will be more obvious, which makes Majorana fermions more easy to be detectable. The technique proposed here open the door for new applications ranging from robust manipulation of Majorana fermions to quantum information processing based on Majorana fermions.
Damage evaluation in graphene underlying atomic layer deposition dielectrics
Authors: Tang Xiaohui , Reckinger Nicolas , Poncelet Olivier , Louette Pierre , Ureña Ferran , Idrissi Hosni , Turner Stuart , Cabosart Damien , Colomer Jean-François , Raskin Jean-Pierre , Hackens Benoit , Francis Laurent A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBased on micro-Raman spectroscopy (μRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we study the structural damage incurred in monolayer (1L) and few-layer (FL) graphene subjected to atomic-layer deposition of HfO2 and Al2O3 upon different oxygen plasma power levels. We evaluate the damage level and the influence of the HfO2 thickness on graphene. The results indicate that in the case of Al2O3/graphene, whether 1L or FL graphene is strongly damaged under our process conditions. For the case of HfO2/graphene, μRS analysis clearly shows that FL graphene is less disordered than 1L graphene. In addition, the damage levels in FL graphene decrease with the number of layers. Moreover, the FL graphene damage is inversely proportional to the thickness of HfO2 film. Particularly, the bottom layer of twisted bilayer (t-2L) has the salient features of 1L graphene. Therefore, FL graphene allows for controlling/limiting the degree of defect during the PE-ALD HfO2 of dielectrics and could be a good starting material for building field effect transistors, sensors, touch screens and solar cells. Besides, the formation of Hf-C bonds may favor growing high-quality and uniform-coverage dielectric. HfO2 could be a suitable high-K gate dielectric with a scaling capability down to sub-5-nm for graphene-based transistors.
Enhanced tactile acuity through mental states
Authors: Philipp Sebastian T. , Kalisch Tobias , Wachtler Thomas , Dinse Hubert R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBodily training typically evokes behavioral and perceptual gains, enforcing neuroplastic processes and affecting neural representations. We investigated the effect on somatosensory perception of a three-day Zen meditation exercise, a purely mental intervention. Tactile spatial discrimination of the right index finger was persistently improved by only 6 hours of mental–sensory focusing on this finger, suggesting that intrinsic brain activity created by mental states can alter perception and behavior similarly to external stimulation.
Potential analgesic effects of a novel N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitor F96 through PPAR-α
Authors: Yang Longhe , Li Long , Chen Ling , Li Yanting , Chen Huixia , Li Yuhang , Ji Guangnian , Lin Donghai , Liu Zuguo , Qiu Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPharmacological blockade of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) activity is an available approach for inflammation and pain control through restoring the ability of endogenous PEA. But the recently reported NAAA inhibitors suffer from the chemical and biological unstable properties, which restrict functions of NAAA inhibition in vivo. It is still unrevealed whether systematic inhibition of NAAA could modulate PEA-mediated pain signalings. Here we reported an oxazolidinone imide compound 3-(6-phenylhexanoyl) oxazolidin-2-one (F96), which potently and selectively inhibited NAAA activity (IC50 = 270 nM). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of F96 (3–30 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced ear edema and restored PEA levels of ear tissues in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ear edema models. Furthermore, F96 inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing and increased spared nerve injury induced tactile allodynia thresholds in a dose-dependent manner. Pharmacological effects of F96 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on various animal models were abolished in PPAR-α−/− mice and were prevented by PPAR-α antagonist MK886 but not by canabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist Rimonabant nor canabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) antagonist SR144528. Zebrafish embryos experiments showed better security and lower toxicity for F96 than ibuprofen. These results revealed that F96 might be useful in treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain by NAAA inhibition depending on PPAR-α receptors.
Transcriptional suppression of CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase by 25-hydroxycholesterol is mediated by nuclear factor-Y and Yin Yang 1
Authors: Ando Hiromi , Aoyama Chieko , Horibata Yasuhiro , Satou Motoyasu , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Itoh Masahiko , Hosaka Kohei , Sugimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2015

Pcyt2 (CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) biosynthesis. Previously, we reported that Pcyt2 mRNA levels increased in several types of cells after serum starvation, an effect that could be suppressed by supplementation with low-density lipoprotein or 25-HC (25-hydroxycholesterol). Transcription of Hmgcr, which encodes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, is also suppressed by 25-HC in the same dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, a sterol-regulatory element was not detected in the Pcyt2 promoter region. The important element for transcriptional control of Pcyt2 by 25-HC (1.25 μM) was determined to reside between −56 and −36 on the basis of analysis with several Pcyt2 promoter deletion–luciferase reporters in NIH 3T3 cells. Using the yeast one-hybrid system, we found that NF-Y (nuclear factor-Y) binds at C−37CAAT−41 and YY1 (Yin Yang1) binds at C−42AT−40 in the Pcyt2 promoter. Endogenous NF-Y and YY1 bind clearly and competitively to these sites and are important for basal Pcyt2 transcription. Moreover, NF-Y binds to the Hmgcr promoter at C−14CA−12 in gel-shift analysis, and suppression of the basal luciferase activity of the Hmgcr promoter–reporter construct (−30/+61) by 25-HC was abolished when C−14CA−12 was mutated. Furthermore, transcriptional suppression of Pcyt2 by 25-HC was reduced following knockdown targeting of NF-YA or YY1. ChIP analysis revealed that 25-HC inhibited the interaction between NF-Y and RNA polymerase II on the Pcyt2 and Hmgcr promoters. On the basis of these results, we conclude that NF-Y and YY1 are important for the basal transcription of Pcyt2 and that NF-Y is involved in the inhibitory effects of 25-HC on Pcyt2 transcription.
Design of self‐oscillating resonant converters based on a variable structure systems approach
Authors: Bonache‐Samaniego Ricardo , Olalla Carlos , Martínez‐Salamero Luís , Valderrama‐Blavi Hugo 
Published: August 2015

A mathematical model is derived for the parallel resonant converter (PRC) in which a simple comparator circuit applied to the inductor current is used to establish stable oscillations at the resonant frequency in cases of high Q. Second order differential equations are solved to construct a piecewise phase‐plane trajectory explaining the generation of a stable limit cycle and predicting its amplitude and period. The self‐oscillating mechanism is explored in other resonant converters and verified by simulation. In all cases, switching between the two circuit configurations of the converter is produced by the change of the input inductor current sign. Measurements in a 100 W PRC prototype oscillating around 500 kHz are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Three‐phase bidirectional dc/ac converter using a six‐leg inverter connected to a direct ac/ac converter
Authors: Waltrich Gierri , Duarte Jorge L. , Hendrix Marcel A.M. 
Published: August 2015

In this study, a three‐phase bidirectional dc/ac converter is proposed using a direct ac/ac converter and a six‐leg converter, to avoid the use of dc‐link capacitors and to increase the current capability at the dc side. To link the six‐leg inverter to the direct ac/ac converter, three single‐phase high‐frequency transformers are implemented to simplify the topology, which will attract the industry. The direct ac/ac converter used in the study demonstrates reduced complexity and simpler modulation techniques compared with a conventional matrix converter. The analysis starts with the description of the proposed dc/ac converter for single phase, which is subsequently extended to a three‐phase dc/ac converter. A 20 kW prototype was built to verify and to validate the theoretical study of the proposed converter.
Flexible three‐dimensional printed antenna substrates
Authors: Bukhari Syed Sheheryar , Whittow William G. , Joubert Johan , Vardaxoglou John (Yiannis) Costas 
Published: August 2015

Flexible heterogeneous substrates have been constructed, using three‐dimensional printing in a single process, by introducing air‐filled slots. These substrates have been used to substantially reduce the substrate losses for a flexible microstrip patch antenna causing an increase in its radiation efficiency. By combining transverse magnetic (TM)10 and TM01 modes the bandwidth of this antenna has also been increased.
Single-molecule spectroscopy reveals how calmodulin activates NO synthase by controlling its conformational fluctuation dynamics
Authors: He Yufan , Haque Mohammad Mahfuzul , Stuehr Dennis J. , Lu H. Peter 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Electron transfer is a fundamental process in biology that can be coupled to catalysis within redox enzymes through a careful control of protein conformational movements. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy, we find that calmodulin binding to neuronal NO synthase reductase domain (nNOSr) both alters and restricts the distributions of NOSr conformational states and the conformational lifetimes, thereby revealing a physical means by which calmodulin may control electron transfer for catalysis.
Talented football players' development of achievement motives, volitional components, and self‐referential cognitions: A longitudinal study†
Authors: Feichtinger Philip , Höner Oliver 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdolescence is regarded as a key developmental phase in the course of talented football players' careers. The present study focuses on early adolescent players' development of achievement motives, volitional components, and self‐referential cognitions. Based on the multidimensional and dynamic nature of talent, the development of multifaceted personality characteristics is an important issue in the context of sports talent research. According to previous findings in psychology, personality characteristics' development is defined by both stability and change, and the current study analyses four different types: differential stability (I), mean‐level change (II), individual‐level change (III), and structural stability (IV). The sample consists of 151 male players in the talent development programme of the German Football Association. Psychological diagnostics of the personality characteristics are implemented across longitudinal sections over a time period of three seasons, from the U12 to U14 age classes. The results reveal that the personality characteristics show (I) moderate test–retest correlations over one‐year intervals (.43 ≤ rtt ≤ .62), and lower coefficients for a two‐year period (.26 ≤ rtt ≤ .53). (II) Most of the personality characteristics' mean values differ significantly across the age classes with small effect sizes (.01 ≤ ≤ .03). (III) Only minor individual‐level changes in the football players' development are found. (IV) The personality characteristics' associations within a two‐factor structure do not stay invariant over time. From the results of the present study, conclusions are drawn regarding the talent identification and development process.
An interactive genome browser of association results from the UK10K cohorts project
Authors: Geihs Matthias , Yan Ying , Walter Klaudia , Huang Jie , Memari Yasin , Min Josine L. , Mead Daniel ,   UK10K Consortium, Hubbard Tim J. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Down Thomas A. , Soranzo Nicole 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Summary: High-throughput sequencing technologies survey genetic variation at genome scale and are increasingly used to study the contribution of rare and low-frequency genetic variants to human traits. As part of the Cohorts arm of the UK10K project, genetic variants called from low-read depth (average 7×) whole genome sequencing of 3621 cohort individuals were analysed for statistical associations with 64 different phenotypic traits of biomedical importance. Here, we describe a novel genome browser based on the Biodalliance platform developed to provide interactive access to the association results of the project.
Availability and implementation: The browser is available at http://www.uk10k.org/dalliance.html. Source code for the Biodalliance platform is available under a BSD license from http://github.com/dasmoth/dalliance, and for the LD-display plugin and backend from http://github.com/dasmoth/ldserv.
Contact: ns6@sanger.ac.uk or thomas@biodalliance.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On planet formation in HL Tau
Authors: Dipierro Giovanni , Price Daniel , Laibe Guillaume , Hirsh Kieran , Cerioli Alice , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We explain the axisymmetric gaps seen in recent long-baseline observations of the HL Tau protoplanetary disc with the Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimetre Array (ALMA) as being due to the different response of gas and dust to embedded planets in protoplanetary discs. We perform global, three-dimensional dusty smoothed particle hydrodynamics calculations of multiple planets embedded in dust/gas discs which successfully reproduce most of the structures seen in the ALMA image. We find a best match to the observations using three embedded planets with masses of 0.2, 0.27 and 0.55 MJ in the three main gaps observed by ALMA, though there remain uncertainties in the exact planet masses from the disc model.
ALMA and Herschel reveal that X-ray-selected AGN and main-sequence galaxies have different star formation rate distributions
Authors: Mullaney J. R. , Alexander D. M. , Aird J. , Bernhard E. , Daddi E. , Del Moro A. , Dickinson M. , Elbaz D. , Harrison C. M. , Juneau S. , Liu D. , Pannella M. , Rosario D. , Santini P. , Sargent M. , Schreiber C. , Simpson J. , Stanley F. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using deep Herschel and ALMA observations, we investigate the star formation rate (SFR) distributions of X-ray-selected active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies at 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 and 1.5 &lt; z &lt; 4, comparing them to that of normal, star-forming (i.e. ‘main-sequence’, or MS) galaxies. We find that 34–55 per cent of AGNs in our sample have SFRs at least a factor of 2 below that of the average MS galaxy, compared to ≈15 per cent of all MS galaxies, suggesting significantly different SFR distributions. Indeed, when both are modelled as lognormal distributions, the mass and redshift-normalized SFR distributions of X-ray AGNs are roughly twice as broad, and peak ≈0.4 dex lower, than that of MS galaxies. However, like MS galaxies, the normalized SFR distribution of AGNs in our sample appears not to evolve with redshift. Despite X-ray AGNs and MS galaxies having different SFR distributions, the linear-mean SFR of AGNs derived from our distributions is remarkably consistent with that of MS galaxies, and thus with previous results derived from stacked Herschel data. This apparent contradiction is due to the linear-mean SFR being biased by bright outliers, and thus does not necessarily represent a true characterization of the typical SFR of X-ray AGNs.
Coxiella burnetii Infection With Severe Hyperferritinemia in an Asplenic Patient
Authors: Paine Allison , Miya Tadashi , Webb Brandon J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Q fever is an uncommon but likely underreported zoonotic infection. Severe hyperferritinemia has been associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other infectious diseases. In this study, we report a case of Coxiella burnetii infection in an asplenic patient complicated by severe hyperferritinemia and bone marrow infiltration. In this case, the marked ferritin elevation may have been an indicator of profound systemic macrophage activation due to preferential intracellular infection of this cell type by C burnetii, perhaps exacerbated by altered mononuclear phagocyte system function in the setting of asplenia.
Multiple Anesthetic Exposure in Infant Monkeys Alters Emotional Reactivity to an Acute Stressor
Authors: Raper Jessica , Alvarado Maria C. , Murphy Kathy L. , Baxter Mark G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
Rhesus monkey infants subjected to three 4-h exposures to sevoflurane manifested increased anxious behavior when confronted with an intruder. The increased anxiety was not attributable to changes in physiologic function during anesthesia. Vocalizations, fear, and irritability behavior, in an age-specific manner, were similar between exposed and nonexposed monkeys. Within a spectrum of behavioral changes induced by neonatal anesthetic exposure, attention should be focused on altered emotional behavior.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Retrospective studies in humans have shown a higher prevalence of learning disabilities in children that received multiple exposures to general anesthesia before the age of 4 yr. Animal studies, primarily in rodents, have found that postnatal anesthetic exposure causes neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits in adulthood. The authors addressed the question of whether repeated postnatal anesthetic exposure was sufficient to cause long-term behavioral changes in a highly translationally relevant rhesus monkey model, allowing study of these variables against a background of protracted nervous system and behavioral development.

Methods
Rhesus monkeys of both sexes underwent either three 4-h exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia (anesthesia group n = 10) or brief maternal separations (control group n = 10) on postnatal day 6 to 10 that were repeated 14 and 28 days later. Monkeys remained with their mothers in large social groups at all times except for overnight observation after each anesthetic/control procedure. At 6 months of age, each monkey was tested on the human intruder paradigm, a common test for emotional reactivity in nonhuman primates.

Results
The frequency of anxiety-related behaviors was significantly higher in monkeys that were exposed to anesthesia as neonates as compared with controls: anesthesia 11.04 ± 1.68, controls 4.79 ± 0.77, mean ± SEM across all stimulus conditions.

Conclusion
Increased emotional behavior in monkeys after anesthesia exposure in infancy may reflect long-term adverse effects of anesthesia.