bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in placentophagia in relation to reproductive status in the california mouse (Peromyscus californicus)
Authors: Perea‐Rodriguez Juan P. , Saltzman Wendy 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTParturient females ingest placenta in most mammalian species, whereas fathers may do so in species in which both parents provide care for their offspring. To determine if the propensity to eat placenta varies with reproductive status in the biparental California mouse, we presented placenta to virgin (housed with a same‐sex pairmate), expectant (pregnant with their first litter), and multiparous adult males and females. Liver was presented identically, 3–7 days later, as a control. Multiparous females were more likely to eat placenta than expectant and virgin females (p‐values <0.016), whereas both multiparous and expectant males had higher incidences of placentophagia than virgins (p‐values <0.016). Liver consumption did not differ among groups within either sex. These results suggest that propensity to eat placenta increases with maternal/birthing experience in females, and with paternal experience and/or cohabitation with a pregnant female in males. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 812–820, 2014.
A sex difference in the onset of the latent learning impairment in rats
Authors: Stouffer Eric M. , Barry Jessica L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe current study examined a sex difference in the onset of a latent learning impairment in Sprague–Dawley rats. Forty rats (20 male, 20 female) were tested on the Latent Cue Preference (LCP) task at 3 or 11 months of age. Additionally, 19 female rats were tested at 14 or 18 months of age. All rats were given four training trials in the LCP task using a three‐compartment box, during which the rats explored a water‐paired compartment and an unpaired compartment (each with a different visual cue) on consecutive days. Rats were then water‐deprived for 23 hr and given a compartment preference test, in which more time spent in the water‐paired compartment demonstrated latent learning. Results showed that 11‐month old males and 18‐month old females showed impaired latent learning, but 11‐ and 14‐month old females showed intact latent learning, which may possibly be due to the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1134–1141, 2014.
Head‐to‐head comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas – a meta‐analysis from randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Hong Jie , Chi Jie , Gu Weiqiong , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas are two important second‐line anti‐diabetic agents. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DPP‐4 inhibitors compared with sulfonylureas by meta‐analytic approach of available randomized studies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to 30 June 2013, collecting all randomized clinical trials with a treatment duration of ≥18weeks. Data on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, hypoglycaemia, total adverse events, and cardiovascular events were retrieved and analysed.ResultsThe analysis included 12 randomized studies comprising 10 982 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the basis of meta‐analysis, sulfonylureas lowered HbA1c significantly more than DPP‐4 inhibitors with weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.105 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.103 to 0.107]. The results were consistent in trials with longer (>32 weeks) or shorter (≤32 weeks) duration; however, DPP‐4 inhibitors showed greater reduction in HbA1c compared with the second‐generation sulfonylureas and in patients with baseline eGFR < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients treated with DPP‐4 inhibitors are less likely to achieve HbA1c < 7% compared with sulfonylureas [Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio (MH‐OR) 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99]. DPP‐4 xinhibitors were associated with a reduction in body weight (WMD −1.652; 95% CI −1.658 to −1.646) and lower risk of hypoglycaemia (MH‐OR, 0.13; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.16), total adverse events (MH‐OR, 0.79; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.87), and cardiovascular events (MH‐OR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87) compared with sulfonylureas.ConclusionAlthough DPP‐4 inhibitors are less efficacious compared with sulfonylureas, they demonstrate a beneficial effect on body weight, episodes of hypoglycaemia, and total adverse events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shifts in the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms result in transcriptome changes correlated with early neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in mouse forebrain
Authors: Cain Jacob T. , Berosik Matthew A. , Snyder Stephanie D. , Crawford Natalie F. , Nour Shirin I. , Schaubhut Geoffrey J. , Darland Diane C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRegulation of neural stem cell (NSC) fate decisions is critical during the transition from a multicellular mammalian forebrain neuroepithelium to the multilayered neocortex. Forebrain development requires coordinated vascular investment alongside NSC differentiation. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegf) has proven to be a pleiotrophic gene whose multiple protein isoforms regulate a broad range of effects in neurovascular systems. To test the hypothesis that the Vegf isoforms (120, 164, and 188) are required for normal forebrain development, we analyzed the forebrain transcriptome of mice expressing specific Vegf isoforms, Vegf120, VegfF188, or a combination of Vegf120/188. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in embryonic day (E) 9.5 forebrain, a time point preceding dramatic neuroepithelial expansion and vascular investment in the telencephalon. Meta‐analysis identified gene pathways linked to chromosome‐level modifications, cell fate regulation, and neurogenesis that were altered in Vegf isoform mice. Based on these gene network shifts, we predicted that NSC populations would be affected in later stages of forebrain development. In the E11.5 telencephalon, we quantified mitotic cells [Phospho‐Histone H3 (pHH3)‐positive] and intermediate progenitor cells (Tbr2/Eomes‐positive), observing quantitative and qualitative shifts in these populations. We observed qualitative shifts in cortical layering at P0, particularly with Ctip2‐positive cells in layer V. The results identify a suite of genes and functional gene networks that can be used to further dissect the role of Vegf in regulating NSC differentiation and downstream consequences for NSC fate decisions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 63–81, 2014
Integration of anterior neural plate patterning and morphogenesis by the Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Cavodeassi Florencia 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWnts are essential for a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. The molecular structure of the Wnt pathway is extremely complex, and it keeps growing as new molecular components and novel interactions are uncovered. Recent studies have advanced our understanding on how the diverse molecular outcomes of the Wnt pathway are integrated during organ development, an integration that is also essential, although mechanistically poorly understood, during the formation of the anterior part of the nervous system, the forebrain. In this article, the author has summarized these findings and discussed their implications for forebrain development. A special emphasis has been put forth on studies performed in the zebrafish as this model system has been instrumental for our current understanding of forebrain patterning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 759–771, 2014
Inhibition of repulsive guidance molecule, RGMa, increases afferent synapse formation with auditory hair cells
Authors: Brugeaud Aurore , Tong Mingjie , Luo Li , Edge Albert S.B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe peripheral fibers that extend from auditory neurons to hair cells are sensitive to damage, and replacement of the fibers and their afferent synapse with hair cells would be of therapeutic interest. Here, we show that RGMa, a repulsive guidance molecule previously shown to play a role in the development of the chick visual system, is expressed in the developing, newborn, and mature mouse inner ear. The effect of RGMa on synaptogenesis between afferent neurons and hair cells, from which afferent connections had been removed, was assessed. Contact of neural processes with hair cells and elaboration of postsynaptic densities at sites of the ribbon synapse were increased by treatment with a blocking antibody to RGMa, and pruning of auditory fibers to achieve the mature branching pattern of afferent neurons was accelerated. Inhibition by RGMa could thus explain why auditory neurons have a low capacity to regenerate peripheral processes: postnatal spiral ganglion neurons retain the capacity to send out processes that respond to signals for synapse formation, but expression of RGMa postnatally appears to be detrimental to regeneration of afferent hair cell innervation and antagonizes synaptogenesis. Increased synaptogenesis after inhibition of RGMa suggests that manipulation of guidance or inhibitory factors may provide a route to increase formation of new synapses at deafferented hair cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 457–466, 2014
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory‐2 restructured form (MMPI‐2‐RF) scale score differences in bariatric surgery candidates diagnosed with binge eating disorder versus BMI‐matched controls
Authors: Marek Ryan J. , Ben‐Porath Yossef S. , Ashton Kathleen , Heinberg Leslie J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveBinge Eating Disorder (BED) is among the most common psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 Restructured Form (MMPI‐2‐RF) is a broadband, psychological test that includes measures of emotional and behavioral dysfunction, which have been associated with BED behaviors in bariatric surgery candidates; however these studies have lacked appropriate controls. In the current study, we compared MMPI‐2‐RF scale scores of bariatric surgery patients diagnosed with BED (BED+) with BMI‐matched controls without BED (BED–).MethodThree‐hundred and seven BED+ participants (72.64% female and 67.87% Caucasian; mean BMI of 51.36 kg/m2 [SD = 11.94]) were drawn from a large, database (N = 1304). Three‐hundred and seven BED– participants were matched on BMI and demographics (72.64% female, 68.63% Caucasian, and mean BMI of 51.30 kg/m2 [SD = 11.70]).ResultsThe BED+ group scored significantly higher on measures of Demoralization, Low Positive Emotions, and Dysfunctional Negative Emotions and scored lower on measures of Antisocial Behaviors, reflecting behavioral constraint. Optimal T‐Score cutoffs were below the traditional 65 T score for several MMPI‐2‐RF scales. MMPI‐2‐RF externalizing measures also added incrementally to differentiating between the groups beyond the Binge Eating Scale (BES).DiscussionBED+ individuals produced greater elevations on a number of MMPI‐2‐RF internalizing scales and externalizing scales. Use of the test in conjunction with a clinical interview and other self‐report data can further aid the clinician in guiding patients to appropriate treatment to optimize outcome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:315–319)
Psychological well‐being in out‐patients with eating disorders: A controlled study
Authors: Tomba Elena , Offidani Emanuela , Tecuta Lucia , Schumann Romana , Ballardini Donatella 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivePositive functioning is widely neglected in research on eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this exploratory study was to assess psychological well‐being (PWB) in out‐patients with ED and in controls.MethodThe authors assessed PWB in 245 out‐patients with EDs [105 with bulimia nervosa (BN), 57 with anorexia nervosa (AN), and 83 with binge eating disorder (BED) who met DSM‐IV‐TR] and 60 controls. They tested whether PWB was associated with eating attitude test (EAT) scores and if such associations differed among ED groups while taking into account confounding variables.ResultsSignificant differences between groups in all PWB scales were found. While individuals with BN reported significantly lower scores in all PWB dimensions than healthy controls, patients with BED scored significantly lower than controls in PWB autonomy, environmental mastery, and self‐acceptance scales. Patients with AN showed similar scores to controls in all PWB dimensions, except for positive relationships and self‐acceptance. In all ED groups, most PWB dimensions resulted significantly and negatively associated with EAT scales, except for AN where oral control was found to positively correlate with a high sense of purpose in life. All results were maintained even after adjusting for possible confounding variables.DiscussionPatients with EDs reported an impairment in PWB. The paucity of PWB was not necessarily dependent on the presence of high levels of psychological distress and on the severity of the disorder. Such assessments may therefore yield a more comprehensive evaluation in this clinical population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:252–258)
Band reporting rates of waterfowl: does individual heterogeneity bias estimated survival rates?
Authors: White Gary C. , Cordes Line S. , Arnold Todd W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn capture–recapture studies, the estimation accuracy of demographic parameters is essential to the efficacy of management of hunted animal populations. Dead recovery models based upon the reporting of rings or bands are often used for estimating survival of waterfowl and other harvested species. However, distance from the ringing site or condition of the bird may introduce substantial individual heterogeneity in the conditional band reporting rates (r), which could cause bias in estimated survival rates (S) or suggest nonexistent individual heterogeneity in S. To explore these hypotheses, we ran two sets of simulations (n = 1000) in MARK using Seber's dead recovery model, allowing time variation on both S and r. This included a series of heterogeneity models, allowing substantial variation on logit(r), and control models with no heterogeneity. We conducted simulations using two different values of S: S = 0.60, which would be typical of dabbling ducks such as mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and S = 0.80, which would be more typical of sea ducks or geese. We chose a mean reporting rate on the logit scale of −1.9459 with SD = 1.5 for the heterogeneity models (producing a back‐transformed mean of 0.196 with SD = 0.196, median = 0.125) and a constant reporting rate for the control models of 0.196. Within these sets of simulations, estimation models where σS = 0 and σS > 0 (σS is SD of individual survival rates on the logit scale) were incorporated to investigate whether real heterogeneity in r would induce apparent individual heterogeneity in S. Models where σS = 0 were selected approximately 91% of the time over models where σS > 0. Simulation results showed < 0.05% relative bias in estimating survival rates except for models estimating σS > 0 when true S = 0.8, where relative bias was a modest 0.5%. These results indicate that considerable variation in reporting rates does not cause major bias in estimated survival rates of waterfowl, further highlighting the robust nature of dead recovery models that are being used for the management of harvested species.
Hybridization promotes color polymorphism in the aposematic harlequin poison frog,Oophaga histrionica
Authors: Medina Iliana , Wang Ian J. , Salazar Camilo , Amézquita Adolfo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhether hybridization can be a mechanism that drives phenotypic diversity is a widely debated topic in evolutionary biology. In poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), assortative mating has been invoked to explain how new color morphs persist despite the expected homogenizing effects of natural selection. Here, we tested the complementary hypothesis that new morphs arise through hybridization between different color morphs. Specifically, we (1) reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among the studied populations of a dart‐poison frog to provide an evolutionary framework, (2) tested whether microsatellite allele frequencies of one putative hybrid population of the polymorphic frogO. histrionicaare intermediate betweenO. histrionicaandO. lehmanni, and (3) conducted mate‐choice experiments to test whether putatively intermediate females prefer homotypic males over males from the other two populations. Our findings are compatible with a hybrid origin for the new morph and emphasize the possibility of hybridization as a mechanism generating variation in polymorphic species. Moreover, because coloration in poison frogs is aposematic and should be heavily constrained, our findings suggest that hybridization can produce phenotypic novelty even in systems where phenotypes are subject to strong stabilizing selection.
Activation of human basophils by combined toll‐like receptor‐ and FcεRI‐triggering can promote Th2 skewing of naive T helper cells
Authors: Suurmond Jolien , Stoop Jeroen N. , Rivellese Felice , Bakker Aleida M. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Toes René E. M. 
Published: October 2013

Basophils are mostly known for their involvement in allergic reactions. Recent studies in mice indicate a role for basophils in the induction of adaptive immunity, especially T helper 2 (Th2) responses. Therefore, it would be highly important to understand how basophils respond to pathogen‐associated molecules, such as ligands for toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and if the basophils could promote Th2 responses via these stimuli. To this end, the activation of basophils via TLRs in combination with activation via IgE was studied, as well as its effect on T helper cell skewing. Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated the presence of mRNA for TLRs 1–8 in human basophils. Basophils responded to TLR triggering with differential cytokine production, but not with degranulation. Simultaneous triggering of TLRs and IgE led to synergy in production of IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐13, and RANTES. Furthermore, the synergistic effects on basophils mediated by IgE and TLR‐4 triggering allowed robust Th2 skewing upon activation of naïve human CD4+ T cells.Our data show that human basophils respond to TLR ligands in synergy with IgE‐mediated activation and that the cytokines produced can promote Th2 differentiation. These results indicate a role for basophils in the regulation of T‐cell responses in humans.
Al‐Modified Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Fekete Monika , Ludwig Wiebke , Gledhill Sophie , Chen Jie , Patti Antonio , Spiccia Leone 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe photoassisted water oxidation by a range of electrodeposited Al‐modified zinc oxide nanorod arrays (NRAs) has been explored in a standardised photoelectrochemical cell. The nanorods were prepared by electrodeposition onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass substrates from warm aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and aluminium nitrate. Photoluminescence measurements suggested that the nanorods have a very low concentration of defects that could act as centres for undesired charge recombination. The effect of NRA aluminium modification, morphology and optical properties as well as the presence of sputtered i‐ZnO and aluminium‐doped ZnO seeding layers on the catalytic performance of the films were investigated. Water oxidation was observed under 1 Sun illumination even at very low applied potentials (0 V vs. Ag/AgCl at pH 9.2). The pure ZnO nanorods yielded a relatively high photocurrent of 0.52 mA cm–2 (at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Al modification of the sputtered seeding layer and/or the NRAs did not change the performance significantly. The photocurrent was further increased by exchanging the sputtered ZnO seeding layer for a galvanostatically deposited seeding layer. In this case the photocurrent increased to 0.74 mA cm–2 (at 1 V bias). Light absorbance and IPCE measurements indicated that although all NRAs absorb well in the UV region, light conversion does not extend greatly into the visible region. To address the issue of rapid photodegradation during water oxidation catalysis, the effect of electrolyte pH was explored by using phosphate and borate buffers with a view to improving photocurrent and long‐term stability. A borate buffer at pH 9.2 was found to be the most suitable. In this case, the photocurrent of undoped ZnO and aluminium‐doped ZnO NRA films was sustained at a high level on continuous illumination with a reduction of less than 10 and 30 %, respectively, over 1 hour, as opposed to almost complete deactivation after 20 min as observed in 0.1 M Na2SO4 (pH 6). These results indicate that the ZnO NRAs presented here have the potential to become viable photoelectrocatalysts for water oxidation.
Artificial Manganese Center Models for Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution in Photosystem II
Authors: Hirahara Masanari , Shoji Akinori , Yagi Masayuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis is one of the promising clean‐energy‐providing systems of the future. Development of an efficient catalyst for water oxidation to evolve O2 is indispensable for the construction of artificial photosynthetic devices. The photosynthetic oxygen evolving complex (OEC) composed of a tetranuclear manganese cluster serves as an excellent example of an efficient catalyst for water oxidation. Recently, significant progress has been reported in the development of manganese complexes as OEC models. The molecular aspects and activities of these manganese complexes toward water oxidation catalysis were reviewed in terms of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis systems. These could provide hints to design an efficient catalyst, as well as a key model reaction to understand the O2 evolution mechanism in photosynthesis.
Cyclononatetraenyl‐Indenyl Transformation and a Zirconium(III) Trimer from Bulky Alkylcyclopentadienylzirconium Chlorides
Authors: Schäfer Sebastian , Bauer Heiko , Becker Julia , Sun Yu , Sitzmann Helmut 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStructure determinations of the known titanium, zirconium, and hafnium trichloro‐di(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl complexes [Cp″MCl3] {Cp″ = η5‐C5H3tBu2, M = Zr (2), Ti (3), Hf (4)} on crystals obtained by sublimation show monomeric molecules in the solid state. Unlike the racemic di(tert‐butyl)(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienylzirconium trichloride 5, the 2,3‐diisopropyl‐1,4‐dimethylcyclopentadienylzirconium trichloride 7 is not a monomer according to its low volatility and the presence of two similar sets of signals in the NMR spectra. Reactions of 2 or its Cp″′ analogue [(η5‐C5H2tBu3‐1,2,4)ZrCl3] (1) with potassium cyclononatetraenide did not afford the desired cyclononatetraenyl complexes [Cp″′ (C9H9)ZrCl2] or its Cp″ analogue, but the indenyl complexes [Cp″′(C9H7)ZrCl2] (8) and [Cp″(C9H7)ZrCl2] (9). By reduction of the starting compound 1 with potassium a dark red, paramagnetic zirconium(III) complex was obtained and characterized as the cyclic trimer 10 with almost equal Zr···Zr distances of 3.384 Å.