bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived disability from hearing and voice changes in the elderly
Authors: Monini Simonetta , Filippi Chiara , Baldini Rossella , Barbara Maurizio 
Published: August 2014

AimDysphonia and hearing loss are underestimated conditions in the elderly, despite their significant prevalence (18% and 50%, respectively) and their sociopsychological implications. Previous studies have shown that the reason for this lack of consideration is related to the general misconception of a simple age‐related issue, as well as to the reduced communication requirements of this population, which can result in infrequent requests/supply of care. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, within an elderly population, the subjective perception of hearing and voice dysfunctions, the resulting changes in communication skills, and the perception of handicap and disability.MethodsFour anonymous questionnaires were administered to 400 participants (218 men, 182 women) aged older than 65 years, some of whom (276) were hospitalized and some of whom (124) were outpatients. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding age‐related changes in voice, multiple‐choice questions on the qualitative characteristics of the voice, questions regarding verbo‐acoustic communication (hearing), the Voice Handicap Index, and the Self Assessment of Communication regarding the perception of hearing loss‐related handicap and disability. Statistical correlations were calculated for voice dysfunction between the perception of disability and the clinical assessment of voice quality obtained by the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain scale, and between the perception of disability and the demand for care.ResultsMore than half of the elderly patients reported not perceiving voice changes throughout their lives. Most of the participants were satisfied with their own voices, although 65% of them judged them to be qualitatively altered, and in 31.5% of the participants, pathology was found on phoniatric evaluation. Low scores for vocal handicap (Voice Handicap Index) were found, and the type of perceived disability was mainly physical, although the association between Voice Handicap Index scores and Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain was statistically significant. A total of 62% of the patients perceived hearing changes over their lifetimes not related to previous ear infections, but significantly correlated with a family history of hearing problems and with the need for specialist consultations. However, the perception of hearing loss handicaps and disability showed lower mean values, showing that older patients recognized dysfunction, but did not consider it to be a disability.ConclusionsThe present study showed that, despite the relevant incidence of hearing and voice disorders among the elderly population, the implications for communication abilities seems to be underestimated. Hence, it appears to be extremely important to undergo specialist screening consultations to detect eventual voice and hearing alterations, and to correct them with appropriate therapeutic strategies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 147–155.
Salicylideneamino‐2‐thiophenol modulates nuclear factor‐κB through redox regulation during the aging process
Authors: Sung Bokyung , Park Seongjoon , Ha Young Mi , Kim Dae Hyun , Park Chan Hum , Jung Kyung Jin , Kim Min Sun , Kim You Jung , Kim Mi Kyung , Moon Jeon‐Ok , Yokozawa Takako , Kim Nam Deuk , Yu Byung Pal , Chung Hae Young 
Published: August 2014

AimMany intracellular components have been implicated in the regulation of redox homeostasis, but homeostasis can be unbalanced by reactive species (RS), which also probably contribute to underlying inflammatory processes. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is a well‐known redox‐sensitive transcription factor that controls the genes responsible for regulating inflammation.MethodsIn the present study, the authors investigated the effect of short‐term salicylideneamino‐2‐thiophenol (SAL‐2) administration on the modulation of pro‐inflammatory NF‐κB through redox regulation in aged rats. In addition, we compared the effects of SAL‐2 and caloric restriction (CR) on inflammation and redox balance. The subjects were 24‐month‐old (old) Fischer 344 rats administered SAL‐2 (10 mg/kg/day) by dietary supplementation or placed on a 30% restricted diet for 10 days, and 6‐month‐old (young) rats fed ad libitum for 10 days.ResultsWe found that NF‐κB activation and the expressions of its related genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) were suppressed by SAL‐2 supplementation in old CR rats to the levels observed in young rats. In addition, our molecular studies showed that the inhibitory effect of SAL‐2 on the activation of NF‐κB was mediated by the ability of SAL‐2 to block the nuclear translocations of cytosolic thioredoxin and redox factor‐1.ConclusionThese findings strongly indicate that SAL‐2 stabilizes age‐related redox imbalance and modulates the signal transduction pathway involved in the age‐associated molecular inflammatory process. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 211–219.
Reliability of the interRAI Long Term Care Facilities (LTCF) and interRAI Home Care (HC)
Authors: Kim Hongsoo , Jung Young‐Il , Sung Moonhee , Lee Ji‐Yoon , Yoon Ju‐Young , Yoon Jong‐Lull 
Published: August 2014

AimSharing clinical information across care settings is a cornerstone to providing quality care to older people with complex conditions. The purpose of the present study was to examine the reliability of the interRAI Long Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF) and the interRAI Home Care (interRAI HC), comprehensive and integrated assessment instruments with common core items, in Korea, an Asian county where comprehensive geriatric assessment is not widely used in long‐term care.MethodsThe Korean version of the instruments was developed through field tests, as well as multiple iterations of translations, back‐translations and expert reviews. For the reliability test, a random sample of 908 older people in 27 long‐term care hospitals or nursing homes, or at home with home care, were assessed by regular staff, among which a subsample of 534 people were dually assessed. The Cronbach's alphas of seven major composite scales in the instruments were examined for internal consistency. Interrater reliability was tested using agreement, kappa coefficients and interclass correlation coefficients.ResultsThe internal consistencies of all key measures were adequate (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.75). The overall mean kappa statistics of the items in the interRAI LTCF and those in the interRAI HC were 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. All key common items in the interRAI LTCF and the interRAI HC had almost perfect (κ ≥ 0.81) or substantial (0.61 ≤ κ ≤ 0.80) interrater reliability.ConclusionsThe findings show the interRAI LTCF and the interRAI HC have adequate reliability for assessing the function and health of frail older adults across various long‐term settings, which can promote continuity of care for the aged. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 220–228.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Treatment Expectation and Intravenous Fluid in Pediatric Migraine
Authors: Richer Lawrence , Craig William , Rowe Brian 
Published: August 2014

Objective(1) The primary objectives were (1) to assess the response to intravenous (IV) fluid in children presenting to the ED with migraine and; (2) to assess the effect of treatment expectation on the response to I.BackgroundDespite a lack of evidence for the practice, many emergency department (ED) migraine treatment protocols include a bolus of IV fluid. This study assessed the overall response to IV fluid hydration and the effect of expected medication treatment on the pain response among children and adolescents with migraine in an urban ED.MethodsA single‐blind, randomized parallel arm trial of 10 mL/kg IV 0.9% sodium chloride for children and adolescents aged 5‐17 years presenting to a pediatric ED with migraine. Patients were randomized into group A (no expectation of medication in combination with IV fluid) and group B (expectation that medication may be given simultaneously). All participants were treated with standard care following the 30‐minute assessment.ResultsForty‐seven participants were randomized and 2 were excluded; mean age was 13.3 years and 31 (67.4%) were females. Demographics and baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference for the primary outcome – change from baseline on the visual analog scale (VAS) at 30 minutes with a mean change of −12.3 mm (standard deviation [SD] 17.9) in group A and −12.7 mm (SD 13.2) in group B (P = .936). The standardized difference between the 2 means (Cohen's d effect size) was low at 0.024 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.56 to 0.61). Overall, complete headache relief was observed in only 1 participant; 16 of 45 (35.6%; 95% CI 21.8 to 51.2) had a reduction in headache of 33% or more and 8 of 45 (17.8%; 95% CI 6.1 to 29.4%) had a minimum clinical significant difference of 30 mm or more on VAS with 4 in each group. Thirteen of 39 patients with follow‐up data (33.3%; 95% CI 19.1 to 50.2%) reported a moderate or severe headache at the 24‐hour follow up with no difference between groups; only 3 patients returned to the ED. One participant reported a minor IV‐related adverse event.ConclusionsThe overall decrease in pain with IV fluid is small and clinically insignificant. Treatment expectation did not significantly influence headache relief at 30 minutes with IV fluid hydration in children or adolescents with migraine in the ED. The average relief of headache with IV fluid alone was small; however, a clinically meaningful response was observed in 17.8%. Recurrence of headache is common in 33% after ED discharge.
Predictors of malignancies and overall mortality in Japanese patients with biopsy‐proven non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Seko Yuya , Sumida Yoshio , Tanaka Saiyu , Taketani Hiroyoshi , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Ishiba Hiroshi , Okajima Akira , Nishimura Takeshi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Moriguchi Michihisa , Mitsuyoshi Hironori , Yasui Kohichiroh , Minami Masahito , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: August 2014

AimSome patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have higher mortality than others. The evidence causally linking NAFLD to extrahepatic malignancies is scarce. Our aim was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for HCC, extrahepatic cancer and mortality in Japanese patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed outcomes including onset of malignant tumors and death in 312 patients with NAFLD diagnosed by liver biopsy.ResultsOf 312 patients, 176 (56.4%) were diagnosed with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. During a median follow‐up period of 4.8 years (range, 0.3–15.8), six patients (1.9%) developed HCC, and 20 (6.4%) developed extrahepatic cancer. Multivariate analysis identified fibrosis stage (≥3; hazard ratio [HR], 12.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–136.0; P = 0.041) as a predictor for HCC and type IV collagen 7s (>5 ng/mL; HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.08–2.79; P = 0.022) as a predictor for extrahepatic cancer. Eight patients (2.6%) died during the follow‐up period. The most common cause of death was extrahepatic malignancy. None died of cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analysis identified type IV collagen 7s (>5 ng/mL; HR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.17–9.76; P = 0.024) as a predictor for mortality.ConclusionThe incidence of extrahepatic cancer was higher than that of HCC. Severe fibrosis was a predictor for HCC. Patients with NAFLD and elevated type IV collagen 7s levels are at increased risk for extrahepatic cancer and overall mortality.
Workforce re‐entry for Japanese unemployed dental hygienists
Authors: Usui Y , Miura H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to define the profile of unemployed dental hygienists who could be enticed to re‐enter the workforce and the factors that could facilitate their re‐entry into the dental field in Japan.MethodsThe questionnaire was mailed with a postage‐paid return envelope to a sample of 3095 licensed dental hygienists. A 50.4% response rate (S = 1477) was observed.ResultsThe rate of working dental hygienists was 60.3% (n = 891), and of unemployed dental hygienists was 39.7% (n = 586). Of the latter, 31.9% (n = 187) stated intentions of returning to the workplace. The unemployed dental hygienists seeking employment were more often married and had more children, compared with working dental hygienists currently. This group also had significantly fewer total service years. Moreover, only 11.96% of them belonged to the Japan Dental Hygienists' Association, and 41.3% of those attended training workshops. According to their response, they perceived their top three major barriers to re‐entry as ‘lack sufficient dental hygiene skill’, ‘child rearing’ and ‘poor working atmosphere’. ‘Flexibility in the work schedule’ and ‘location’ were the most important factors for re‐entry from their perspective.ConclusionThere were not many dental hygienists hoping to return to the dental field. The findings suggested that strategies to encourage non‐practicing dental hygienists to re‐entry should be emphasized in the areas of a flexible working atmosphere, easy access to information on how to return to practice and guidance on how to maintain professionalism during inactivity.
Predictors of distress and well‐being in parents of young children with developmental delays and disabilities: the importance of parent perceptions
Authors: Minnes P. , Perry A. , Weiss J. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMoving from family‐centred to child‐centred models of service delivery can be stressful for parents as their young children with developmental delays and disabilities transition into school. The purpose of this paper was to explore and compare predictors of both distress and well‐being in parents during this transition period.MethodsA sample of 155 mothers of 113 boys and 42 girls participated in the study. The mean age of the children was 4.9 years and their diagnoses included autism spectrum disorder (52%); unspecified intellectual disability/developmental delay (26%); Down syndrome (12%); other genetic conditions (4%) and other diagnoses (6%). Participants completed surveys primarily online focusing on child characteristics, family resources, parent coping strategies, parental distress and positive gain.ResultsMultiple regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of parent reported distress and positive gain. Parent coping variables were the strongest predictors of both positive gain and parental distress, with reframing emerging as a predictor of positive gain and parent empowerment emerging as a predictor of both greater positive gain and lower parental distress.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight not only the importance of including positive as well as negative outcomes in research with parents but also the importance of including parent characteristics such as coping strategies (e.g. reframing and empowerment/self‐efficacy) as potential predictors of outcome in such studies.
Single‐cell recordings in the human medial temporal lobe
Authors: Rey Hernan G. , Ison Matias J. , Pedreira Carlos , Valentin Antonio , Alarcon Gonzalo , Selway Richard , Richardson Mark P. , Quian Quiroga Rodrigo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecordings from individual neurons in patients who are implanted with depth electrodes for clinical reasons have opened the possibility to narrow down the gap between neurophysiological studies in animals and non‐invasive (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, magnetoencephalography) investigations in humans. Here we provide a description of the main procedures for electrode implantation and recordings, the experimental paradigms used and the main steps for processing the data. We also present key characteristics of the so‐called ‘concept cells’, neurons in the human medial temporal lobe with selective and invariant responses that represent the meaning of the stimulus, and discuss their proposed role in declarative memory. Finally, we present novel results dealing with the stability of the representation given by these neurons, by studying the effect of stimulus repetition in the strength of the responses. In particular, we show that, after an initial decay, the response strength reaches an asymptotic value after approximately 15 presentations that remains above baseline for the whole duration of the experiment.
Inhibitors in haemophilia: what have we learned from registries? A systematic review
Authors: Osooli M. , Berntorp E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCongenital haemophilia A and B are genetic disorders affecting factor VIII and factor IX production, respectively. Factor replacement is the only effective treatment for these deficiencies, but a patient's immune system can develop inhibitory antibodies which bind and interfere with the function of the replaced factor in a variety of ways. The main treatment goal for patients with inhibitors is to induce immune tolerance to the injected factor. If not successful, a different treatment termed bypass therapy is needed to treat bleeds. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the usefulness of haemophilia registries as information sources to supplement available evidence regarding predictors of inhibitor development and immune tolerance induction (ITI) outcomes. In this systematic review, relevant keywords were used to search online academic databases during February 2014. Inclusion criteria were original publication and data obtained from a haemophilia or ITI registry with a minimum of 30 patients. A data collection form was created to extract information from selected manuscripts. Titles, abstracts and then full texts were screened to determine the eligibility of reports for this review. Eleven manuscripts from nine registries were determined eligible and included in the study. Registries have reported on some core variables, but are inconsistent in reporting less practiced predicting variables. Variables that may affect inhibitor and ITI outcomes were each divided into two categories: patient characteristics (such as age and family history) and treatment‐related variables (including exposure days, treatment duration and dose). It is recommended that, in addition to exploratory hypothesis testing, a minimum set of variables should be collected and reported by registries. International collaboration and well‐designed prospective registries are of major importance to advance this field in order to determine inhibitor risks and ITI outcomes and facilitate the development of new treatments.
Tumor budding correlates with occult cervical lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in clinical early‐stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Nan , Wang Cheng , Liu Xiqiang , Li Ruyao , Hou Jinsong , Chen Xiaohua , Huang Hongzhang 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundTumor budding has been suggested to be a prognostic factor in various human cancers. However, the prognostic value of tumor budding for early‐stage (cT1/2N0) tongue squamous cell carcinoma remains inconclusive. This study analyzed the correlation of tumor budding with the clinicopathologic features, and its prognostic significance for cT1/2N0 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐five patients with T1/2 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma enrolled in the retrospective study. Tumor invasive depth, the intensity of tumor budding, and other clinicopathological features were reviewed. Overall survivals were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method. For multivariable analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression models were performed.ResultsThe frequency of tumor buds in tongue squamous cell carcinoma is about 85.6% in this study. The intensity of tumor budding showed strong correlations with occult lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), local relapse (P < 0.01), worse invasive pattern (P < 0.01), and invasive depth (P < 0.05). The invasive depth was significantly associated with T classification (P < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). And both high intensity of tumor budding and deeper invasive depth correlated with reduced overall survival. Cox's regression models proved tumor budding to be an independent prognostic factor in clinical early‐stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor local relapses were also a predictor of tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression.ConclusionsTumor budding is a frequent event in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. It independently predicted prognosis of patients with T1/2 stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma and may be used for routing pathological diagnosis and the decision of elective lymph node dissection.
Cell‐autonomous defense, re‐organization and trafficking of membranes in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Dörmann Peter , Kim Hyeran , Ott Thomas , Schulze‐Lefert Paul , Trujillo Marco , Wewer Vera , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: August 2014

SummaryPlant cells dynamically change their architecture and molecular composition following encounters with beneficial or parasitic microbes, a process referred to as host cell reprogramming. Cell‐autonomous defense reactions are typically polarized to the plant cell periphery underneath microbial contact sites, including de novo cell wall biosynthesis. Alternatively, host cell reprogramming converges in the biogenesis of membrane‐enveloped compartments for accommodation of beneficial bacteria or invasive infection structures of filamentous microbes. Recent advances have revealed that, in response to microbial encounters, plasma membrane symmetry is broken, membrane tethering and SNARE complexes are recruited, lipid composition changes and plasma membrane‐to‐cytoskeleton signaling is activated, either for pre‐invasive defense or for microbial entry. We provide a critical appraisal on recent studies with a focus on how plant cells re‐structure membranes and the associated cytoskeleton in interactions with microbial pathogens, nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi.
Histopathologic grading of oral mucositis
Authors: Sunavala‐Dossabhoy G , Abreo F , Timiri Shanmugam PS , Caldito G 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveOral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, and it causes debilitating morbidity that may necessitate interruptions in cancer treatment. Animal models of oral mucositis are invaluable tools for testing novel therapeutics, but grading of lesions based on subjective assessments makes conformism between studies difficult. A standardized scoring system that can objectively and reproducibly grade the severity of oral mucositis is critical in comparing and validating efficacies of developing therapeutics.Materials and methodsThe head region of male Balb/C animals was exposed to collimated radiation delivered as fractions of 8 Gy on three consecutive days, or as a single large dose of 22.5 Gy. The development of oral toxicity was assessed by histologic analysis of the tongue at various days postradiation.ResultsAfter fractionated radiation, early epithelial atypia of basal cell layer disorganization and nuclear aberrations was evident by day 6. The disease displayed moderate changes of epithelial atrophy and dyskeratosis by day 7.5 with subsequent epithelial breakdown and ulceration by day 9. In contrast, exposure to a single large‐dose radiation resulted in bulla formation by day 9 in most animals.ConclusionsAn oral mucositis grading system based on histopathologic scoring of tissues is proposed.