bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musashi1 regulates survival of hepatoma cell lines by activation of Wnt signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Kunlun , Gao Qing , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhongwei , Cai Jiangyi , Liu Ying , Xu Jinkai , Li Jie , Yang Yi , Xu Xin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsMusashi1 (MSI1) belongs to the RNA‐binding protein (RBP) family, with functions as translational activator or suppressor of specifically bound mRNA. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been deeply unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of MSI1 for proliferation and tumourigenesis in HCC.MethodsThe expression of MSI1 in HCC tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effects of MSI1 overexpression and silencing on cell proliferation, cell viability, tumoursphere and tumour formation of HCC were explored.ResultsIn this study, we initially reported that MSI1 was upregulated in HCC. Overexpression of MSI1 in HepG2 cell lines resulted in significantly promoted cell growth, tumour formation and cell cycle progression. Consistently, knockdown of MSI1 in Huh7 cell lines remarkably inhibited cell growth and tumour formation, and caused cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. Dual‐luciferase assays indicated that MSI1 activated Wnt signal pathway, and APC and DKK1 were direct targets of MSI1.ConclusionTaken together, these findings indicate that an oncogenic role of MSI1 in HCC may be through modulation of cell growth and cell cycle by activating Wnt pathway via direct downregulation of APC and DKK1.
The calcium sensor GhCaM7 promotes cotton fiber elongation by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
Authors: Tang Wenxin , Tu Lili , Yang Xiyan , Tan Jiafu , Deng Fenglin , Hao Juan , Guo Kai , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Fiber elongation is the key determinant of fiber quality and output in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Although expression profiling and functional genomics provide some data, the mechanism of fiber development is still not well understood.

Here, a gene encoding a calcium sensor, GhCaM7, was isolated based on its high expression level relative to other GhCaMs in fiber cells at the fast elongation stage. The level of expression of GhCaM7 in the wild‐type and the fuzzless/lintless mutant correspond to the presence and absence, respectively, of fiber initials.

Overexpressing GhCaM7 promotes early fiber elongation, whereas GhCaM7 suppression by RNAi delays fiber initiation and inhibits fiber elongation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in early fiber development. ROS induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ca2+ starvation promotes early fiber elongation. GhCaM7 overexpression fiber cells show increased ROS concentrations compared with the wild‐type, while GhCaM7 RNAi fiber cells have reduced concentrations. Furthermore, we show that H2O2 enhances Ca2+ influx into the fiber and feedback‐regulates the expression of GhCaM7.

We conclude that GhCaM7, Ca2+ and ROS are three important regulators involved in early fiber elongation. GhCaM7 might modulate ROS production and act as a molecular link between Ca2+ and ROS signal pathways in early fiber development.
Cryptic adaptive radiation in tropical forest trees inNewCaledonia
Authors: Pillon Yohan , Hopkins Helen C. F. , Rigault Frédéric , Jaffré Tanguy , Stacy Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe causes of the species richness of tropical trees are poorly understood, in particular the roles of ecological factors such as soil composition. The nickel(Ni)‐hyperaccumulating tree genusGeissois(Cunoniaceae) from theSouth‐westPacific was chosen as a model of diversification on different substrates.Here, we investigated the leaf element compositions, spatial distributions and phylogeny of all species ofGeissoisoccurring onNewCaledonia.We found thatNewCaledonianGeissoisdescended from a single colonist and diversified relatively quickly into 13 species. Species on ultramafic and nonultramafic substrates showed contrasting patterns of leaf element composition and range overlap. Those on nonultramafic substrates were largely sympatric but had distinct leaf element compositions. By contrast, species on ultramafic substrates showed similar leaf element composition, but occurred in many cases exclusively in allopatry. Further, earlier work showed that at least three out of these seven species use different molecules to bindNi.Geissoisqualifies as a cryptic adaptive radiation, and may be the first such example in a lineage of tropical forest trees. Variation in biochemical strategies for coping with both typical and adverse soil conditions may help to explain the diversification and coexistence of tropical forest trees on similar soil types.
Molecular phylogeny and symbiotic selectivity of the green algal genus Dictyochloropsis s.l. (Trebouxiophyceae): a polyphyletic and widespread group forming photobiont‐mediated guilds in the lichen family Lobariaceae
Authors: Dal Grande Francesco , Beck Andreas , Cornejo Carolina , Singh Garima , Cheenacharoen Saran , Nelsen Matthew P. , Scheidegger Christoph 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Dictyochloropsis s.l. is an ecologically important, common but little‐studied genus of green algae. Here, we examined the diversity and host selectivity of algae attributed to this genus at both species‐to‐species and species‐to‐community levels.

We conducted a molecular investigation of 15 cultured strains and several lichen photobionts, using 18S rRNA, rbcL and ITS sequence data. We further used seven alga‐specific microsatellite markers to study algal sharing among fungi of the family Lobariaceae in two populations in Madeira and Taiwan (454 lichens).

We found that the genus Dictyochloropsis s.l. is polyphyletic. Dictyochloropsis clade 1 comprises only free‐living algae whereas Dictyochloropsis clade 2 includes lichenized algae as well as free‐living algae. Fungal selectivity towards algae belonging to Dictyochloropsis clade 2 is high. Selectivity varies geographically, with photobionts being restricted to a single region. Finally, we showed that Dictyochloropsis clade 2 individuals are shared among different fungal hosts in communities of lichens of the Lobariaceae.

As for other green algal lineages, there is a high amount of cryptic diversity in Dictyochloropsis. Furthermore, co‐evolution between Dictyochloropsis clade 2 algae and representatives of the Lobariaceae is manifested at the community level, with several unrelated fungal species being horizontally connected by shared photobiont clones.
Role ofLONELY GUYgenes in indeterminate nodulation onMedicago truncatula
Authors: Mortier Virginie , Wasson Anton , Jaworek Pavel , De Keyser Annick , Decroos Martijn , Holsters Marcelle , Tarkowski Petr , Mathesius Ulrike , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: January 2014

SummaryLONELY GUY(LOG) genes encode cytokinin riboside 5′‐monophosphate phosphoribohydrolases and are directly involved in the activation of cytokinins.To assess whetherLOGproteins affect the influence of cytokinin on nodulation, we studied twoLOGgenes ofMedicago truncatula.Expression analysis showed thatMtLOG1andMtLOG2were upregulated during nodulation in aCRE1‐dependent manner. Expression was mainly localized in the dividing cells of the nodule primordium. In addition,RNAinterference revealed thatMtLOG1is involved in nodule development and that the gene plays a negative role in lateral root development. Ectopic expression ofMtLOG1resulted in a change in cytokinin homeostasis, triggered cytokinin‐inducible genes and produced roots with enlarged vascular tissues and shortened primary roots. In addition, those35S:LOG1roots also displayed fewer nodules than the wild‐type. This inhibition in nodule formation was local, independent of theSUPER NUMERIC NODULESgene, but coincided with an upregulation of theMtCLE13gene, encoding aCLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGIONpeptide.In conclusion, we demonstrate that inM. truncatulaLOGproteins might be implicated in nodule primordium development and lateral root formation.
Current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant–plant symbioses
Authors: Mayer Veronika E. , Frederickson Megan E. , McKey Doyle , Blatrix Rumsaïs 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAnt–plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. In return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. Here, we review recent advances in ant–plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. First, the nutritional ecology of plant‐ants, which is based not only on plant‐derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria. Food and protection are the most important ‘currencies’ exchanged between partners and they drive the nature and evolution of the relationships. Secondly, studies of conflict and cooperation in ant–plant symbioses have contributed key insights into the evolution and maintenance of mutualism, particularly how partner‐mediated feedbacks affect the specificity and stability of mutualisms. There is little evidence that mutualistic ants or plants are under selection to cheat, but the costs and benefits of ant–plant interactions do vary with environmental factors, making them vulnerable to natural or anthropogenic environmental change. Thus, thirdly, ant–plant symbioses should be considered good models for investigating the effects of global change on the outcome of mutualistic interactions.

Contents

Summary
749

I.
Introduction
749

II.
Nutritional ecology
750

III.
Cooperation and conflict in ant–plant symbioses
754

IV.
Ant–plant symbioses in a changing world
758

V.
Prospects
759

Acknowledgements
760

References
761
Interactions with soil biota shift from negative to positive when a tree species is moved outside its native range
Authors: Gundale Michael J. , Kardol Paul , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Nilsson Urban , Lucas Richard W. , Wardle David A. 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Studies evaluating plant–soil biota interactions in both native and introduced plant ranges are rare, and thus far have lacked robust experimental designs to account for several potential confounding factors.

Here, we investigated the effects of soil biota on growth of Pinus contorta, which has been introduced from Canada to Sweden. Using Swedish and Canadian soils, we conducted two glasshouse experiments. The first experiment utilized unsterilized soil from each country, with a full‐factorial cross of soil origin, tree provenance, and fertilizer addition. The second experiment utilized gamma‐irradiated sterile soil from each country, with a full‐factorial cross of soil origin, soil biota inoculation treatments, tree provenance, and fertilizer addition.

The first experiment showed higher seedling growth on Swedish soil relative to Canadian soil. The second experiment showed this effect was due to differences in soil biotic communities between the two countries, and occurred independently of all other experimental factors.

Our results provide strong evidence that plant interactions with soil biota can shift from negative to positive following introduction to a new region, and are relevant for understanding the success of some exotic forest plantations, and invasive and range‐expanding native species.
Predicting Medication Persistence to Buprenorphine Transdermal System
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Ben‐Joseph Rami , Chang Chun‐Lan , Hess Gregory 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesPersistence, the duration a patient remains on therapy, in chronic, symptomatic conditions plays an important role in therapy effectiveness. Understanding the duration and patient factors associated with prescribed medication persistence is, therefore, an important step toward better treatment and health outcomes for patients. In the following study, an analysis of such factors associated with buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS) persistence was conducted utilizing a large US private practitioner and pharmacy claims database and is herein reported.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years initiating BTDS during January 1, 2011—November 30, 2011 were identified in the IMS Private Practitioner Medical Claims and Pharmacy Claims databases. An index date was defined as the first prescription of BTDS during the studied interval. During the preindex period, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), chronic pain‐related conditions, and prior medication use were assessed. Concomitant medications and various treatment patterns (eg, last dose strength and dose adjustments) were assessed in the postindex 6‐month period. Persistence was measured as the duration of BTDS from initiation to the 1st >28‐day refill gap in the postindex 6‐month period. Descriptive statistical and survival analysis was used to assess the predictors of BTDS persistence.ResultsDuring the study period, 10,457 patients newly treated with BTDS were identified. Patients' mean (±SD) age was 54.5 (±15.2) years; 69.9% were women, and the mean (±SD) CCI was 1 (±1.4). Utilizing a hierarchical approach, patients were separated into different cohorts based on the initial analgesic prescription identified during postindex period with 91.7%, 34.7%, and 59.0% of the patients using opioids, NSAIDs and adjuvant analgesics, respectively. Multivariate regression analyses showed that patients with prior opioid and adjuvant analgesic use were 21% and 5% less likely to discontinue BTDS (P < 0.05), respectively, as compared to patients not using these agents. Patients with concomitant use of adjuvant analgesics were 15% less likely to discontinue therapy (P < 0.05) as compared to patients without concomitant use of these agents. Long‐term BTDS persistence was also observed in patients who had a dose change or a last dose strength >5 mcg/hour. Sensitivity analyses for those with 30‐day prior opioid use and patients with ≥2 claims of BTDS confirmed these findings.ConclusionsPrior and concomitant use of adjuvant analgesics, prior use of opioids, and dose adjustments were associated with significantly longer persistence among patients initiating BTDS. The results suggest that patients are less likely to discontinue BTDS early if practitioners account for prior treatment history and dose titration.
Abiotic stresses, constraints and improvement strategies in chickpea
Authors: Jha Uday C. , Chaturvedi Sushil K. , Bohra Abhishek , Basu Partha S. , Khan Muhammad S. , Barh Debmalya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) is cultivated mostly in the arid and semi‐arid regions of the world. Climate change will bring new production scenarios as the entire growing area inIndo–Pak subcontinent, major producing area of chickpea, is expected to undergo ecological change, warranting strategic planning for crop breeding and husbandry. Conventional breeding has produced several high‐yielding chickpea genotypes without exploiting its potential yield owing to a number of constraints. Among these, abiotic stresses include drought, salinity, water logging, high temperature and chilling frequently limit growth and productivity of chickpea. The genetic complexity of these abiotic stresses and lack of proper screening techniques and phenotyping techniques and genotype‐by‐environment interaction have further jeopardized the breeding programme of chickpea. Therefore, considering all dispiriting aspects of abiotic stresses, the scientists have to understand the knowledge gap involving the physiological, biochemical and molecular complex network of abiotic stresses mechanism. Above all emerging ‘omics’ approaches will lead the breeders to mine the ‘treasuring genes’ from wild donors and tailor a genotype harbouring ‘climate resilient’ genes to mitigate the challenges in chickpea production.
Trauma, depression, and resilience of earthquake/tsunami/nuclear disaster survivors of Hirono, Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kukihara Hiroko , Yamawaki Niwako , Uchiyama Kumi , Arai Shoichi , Horikawa Etsuo 
Published: January 2014

AimA mega‐earthquake and tsunami struck the northeastern coast of Japan, and many survivors were forced to evacuate to temporary housing due to rising radiation levels. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and poor general health among survivors, to test the predictive roles of resilience on mental and physical health, and to examine the predictive sociodemographic factors on resilience.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐one evacuees (men/women: 116/125) from Hirono, Fukushima participated in the study. They were asked to complete the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Impact of Events Scale‐Revised, and a demographic questionnaire.ResultsAmong all participants, 53.5% exhibited the clinically concerning symptoms of PTSD, and among them 33.2% indicated clinical PTSD symptoms. Additionally, 66.8% reported symptoms of depression, and among them 33.2% showed mildly depressive symptoms, while 19.1% and 14.5% demonstrated moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Resilience was a significant buffer for depression, PTSD, and general health. Additionally, employment status, eating/exercise habits, and drinking habits predicted resilience.ConclusionThe results indicated that depression and PTSD are prevalent among the survivors of massive earthquakes, tsunamis, and accidents from nuclear power plants. However, the results also showed that some survivors managed to endure the traumatic events relatively well, and resilience was a significant protective factor in dealing with such events. Therefore, it is crucial to assist survivors in improving their resilience by providing job opportunities and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
Metallogenic and Metamorphic Age of the Hongtoushan Copper–Zinc Massive Sulfide Deposit, Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Qian Ye , Sun Fengyue , Zhang Yajin , Huo Liang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Hongtoushan copper–zinc deposit is the only large Archean volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in China. This paper presents new information on the timing of metallogenesis and metamorphism of the deposit, including new cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and Th U−1 and LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircons of the biotite–plagioclase gneiss and plagioclase–amphibole gneiss that host the deposit. The CL images and Th U−1 ratios indicate that the zircons within the gneiss are of metamorphic origin. LA–ICP–MS dating of the plagioclase–amphibole gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2549 Ma, and the biotite–plagioclase gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2552 Ma and 2550 Ma correspondingly, indicating that the mineralization of the deposit occurred at around 2550 Ma. The rims of zircons within these host rocks yielded younger U–Pb ages at 2529, 2520 and 2515 Ma, identical to the age of felsic intrusive rocks in the study area. This suggests that the Hongtoushan VMS deposit underwent initial metamorphism and deformation at around 2520 Ma by the intrusion of granite magmas.
Gold and Silver Prospection Using Magnetic, Radiometry and Microgravity Methods in the Kışladağ Province of Western Turkey
Authors: Ercan Ö. A. , Şeren Aysel , Elmas Ali 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe study area lies in the Kışladağ province of western Turkey. The site has an approximate dimension of 1.5 to 2 km north‐south length and 3 km east‐west width. Combined methods from the fields of geology, geochemistry and geophysics were applied to elucidate the regional geologic framework and identify favorable environs for mineralization. There are a few volcanic hills in the center of the Kışladağ caldera, which is actually a field of interest. Magnetics (M), Magnetic Total Field Gradient (Mg), Radiometry (Ra), Microgravity (MG) and Microgravity Gradient (MGG) methods were used to prospect the terrains and boundaries of gold and silver deposition in the area. The observed mineralized zones are characterized by low magnetization, low radiation, and high density contrast. Such zones appear to exist outside and beneath a magnetized cap rock. The locations of proposed drill holes were determined with varying depths. Following completion of geophysical and geochemical exploration, an open cut mine with a yearly production rate of about 5 to 6 tons of gold minerals at depths varying between 50 to 225 m has been operational.
Geochemical Characteristics of Apatite in HeavyREE‐rich Deep‐Sea Mud fromMinami‐Torishima Area, SoutheasternJapan
Authors: Kon Yoshiaki , Hoshino Mihoko , Sanematsu Kenzo , Morita Sayaka , Tsunematsu Maiko , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Yano Nobuhiko , Tanaka Mikiya , Takagi Tetsuichi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have conducted geochemical and mineralogical investigations of the rare earth and yttrium (REY)‐rich mud from theMinami‐Torishima area in thePacific in order to clarify the concentration ofREYand their host‐phase in the mud.X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the mud is mainly composed of phillipsite, fluorapatite, quartz, albite, illite and montmorillonite. Whole‐rockCaO,P2O5and totalREYcontents of the mud are positively correlated. Relative abundance of apatite is also positively correlated toP2O5and totalREYcontents. These correlations suggest that apatite is the main host of theP2O5andREYin the mud. We makein situcompositional analyses of constituent minerals in theREY mud. The results show that the apatite is abundant inREY(9300–32,000 ppm) and is characterized by a negativeCe anomalyand enrichment in heavy rare‐earth elements. This abundance and composition ofREYof the mud is similar those of fish debris apatites. In contrast, phillipsite is less abundant inREY(60–170 ppm). Therefore we conclude that the mainREYhost phase of the mud is apatite.
Bioprosthetic heart valves of the future
Authors: Manji Rizwan A. , Ekser Burcin , Menkis Alan H. , Cooper David K.C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlutaraldehyde‐fixed bioprosthetic heart valves (GBHVs), derived from pigs or cows, undergo structural valve deterioration (SVD) over time, with calcification and eventual failure. It is generally accepted that SVD is due to chemical processes between glutaraldehyde and free calcium ions in the blood. Valve companies have made significant progress in decreasing SVD from calcification through various valve chemical treatments. However, there are still groups of patients (e.g., children and young adults) that have accelerated SVD of GBHV. Unfortunately, these patients are not ideal patients for valve replacement with mechanical heart valve prostheses as they are at high long‐term risk from complications of the mandatory anticoagulation that is required. Thus, there is no “ideal” heart valve replacement for children and young adults. GBHVs represent a form of xenotransplantation, and there is increasing evidence that SVD seen in these valves is at least in part associated with xenograft rejection. We review the evidence that suggests that xenograft rejection of GBHVs is occurring, and that calcification of the valve may be related to this rejection. Furthermore, we review recent research into the transplantation of live porcine organs in non‐human primates that may be applicable to GBHVs and consider the potential use of genetically modified pigs as sources of bioprosthetic heart valves.