bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoenvironment of Deposition of the Dupi Tila Formation, Lalmai Hills, Comilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Mrinal Kanti , Ahmed Syed Samsuddin , Bhattacharjee Tapas Kumar , Mahmud Sultan , Moniruzzaman MD. , Haque MD. Masidul , Saha Sudip , Molla MD. Ismail , Roy Pulin Chandra 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Dupi Tila Formation is composed of yellow to light brown medium to very fine moderately hard to loose sandstone, siltstone, silty clay, mudstone and shale with some conglomerates with clasts of petrified wood. The lithofacies of matrix supported conglomerate, trough cross bedded conglomerate, massive sandstone, trough cross bedded sandstone, planar cross bedded sandstone, ripple cross laminated sandstone-siltstone, flaser laminated sandstone-shale, lenticular laminated sandstone-siltstone-shale, parallel laminated sandstone-siltstone, wavy laminated shale, parallel laminated blue shale, and mudstone are delineated within this formation. Based on the grain size, sedimentary structures, water depth and genesis of individual facies, facies are grouped into three types of facies associations like (i) coarse-grained conglomerate facies association in relation to tractive current deposits of alluvial fan set up at the base of litho-succession (FAC), (ii) medium to fine-grained sandstone-siltstone-mudstone facies association or facies association in relation to strong tide (FAT) characterizing the middle part of litho-succession, (iii) very fine-grained sandstone-siltstone-mudstone facies association in relation to less frequent weak tide or heterolithic facies association (FAHL) characterizing upper part of litho-succession and shallow marine facies association (FASM) composing the uppermost litho-succession. Presence of gluconite indicates that the depositional environment was shallow to deep marine. The dominant paleoflow direction during the deposition of Dupi Tila Formation was toward southeast to southwestern direction. The rivers were of braided type at the piedmont alluvial depositional set up at the lower part, which later changed to estuarine–tidal flat type environmental set up in the middle part to upper part and paleo-environment was shallow marine in the uppermost part.
Geological Modeling and Short-term Production Planning of Dimension Stone Quarries Based on Market Demand
Authors: Abdollahisharif J. , Bakhtavar E. , Alipour A. , Mokhtarian M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In order to obtain minimum amount of ore wastage and maximum profitability in dimension stone quarries an optimal short-term production planning procedure has been established here according to the market demand. As the base of this procedure geological modelling has been first created and smoothing of ore-body boundaries was done. Then, an economical block model has been provided. In the next step, all probable shapes of minable-blocks were specified and their priorities in assignment were done according to desired size of the blocks by market demand. Finally, searching from a base sub-block was started in order to find the optimal plan. The procedure has been used for a dimension marble quarry located in northwest of Iran. It demonstrates a decrease about 26% of ore wastage and 21.3% of diamond wire assumption with comparing to the existent traditional procedure.
Characterization of Clay Minerals in the Sundarban Mangroves River Sediments by SEM/EDS
Authors: Rajkumar K. , Ramanathan AL. , Behera P. N. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Clay minerals, byproducts of chemical weathering, are important group of minerals found in rivers, estuaries, and marine sedimentary environments, which include mudstones, clay stones, and shales. In the present study, FTIR and SEM investigation on the clay minerals in Sundarban mangrove core sediments collected from Moipith Matla and Belamati Island are carried out. The study indicated the dominant association of kaolinite with subordinate amount of quartz, illite and chlorite. The abundance of kaolinite, illite chlorite and clay with quartz helps in increasing sediment in the islands region. The geochemical and mineralogical evolution of mangrove sediments are results of the interaction of biotic and abiotic parameters, whose balance is conditioned by the climate that governs the hydrologic regime, the sedimentation dynamics and the organic matter. This study on the charaterstation of clay provides us with substantial impact in the water holding capacity, productivity and mineralogical and chemical transformation in order to establish much more and intermediate equilibrium between marine influence and continental contribution, as part of the estuarine environment, than to the tropical climate conditions.
A New Method for Determining Why Length of Life is More Unequal in Some Populations Than in Others
Authors: Nau Claudia , Firebaugh Glenn 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhy is there greater variability in individual longevity in some populations than in others? We propose a decomposition method designed to address that question by quantifying the effects of population differences in the spread, allocation, and timing of the principal causes of death. Applying the method to the United States and Sweden, we find that spread effects account for about two-thirds of the greater variance in age at death among American adults, meaning that two-thirds of the U.S.-Sweden difference would persist if the two countries differed only with respect to within-cause variance among adults. The remainder of the difference is due largely to allocation effects, with the greater incidence of homicides and fatal traffic accidents alone accounting for more than one-fourth of the greater variance in age at death among adults in the United States.
The value of plasma osteopontin levels as a predictive factor of disease stage and recurrence in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma: A prospective study
Authors: Park Min‐Gu , Oh Mi‐Mi , Yoon Jong‐Hyun , Park Jae‐Young , Park Hong‐Seok , Moon Du‐Geon , Yoon Duck‐Ki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study was performed in order to determine the value of plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as a predictive factor of disease stage and recurrence in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Data from 50 patients diagnosed to have bladder UC after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from 2009 to 2010 were evaluated prospectively. Blood tests were performed before and after TURBT, and plasma OPN levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Differences in OPN levels according to clinicopathologic variables were analyzed statistically. Significant differences in plasma OPN levels were observed between groups with and without muscle invasion (89.16 vs. 67.08 ng/mL, p = 0.041). Comparison according to tumor grade found no significant difference between high and low grade groups (p = 0.115). Mean plasma OPN levels decreased after TURBT without statistical significance (p = 0.571). Between groups with recurrence and those without recurrence, OPN levels of the group with recurrence were higher without statistical significance (p = 0.161). Comparison of plasma OPN levels according to performance of radical cystectomy (RC) showed significant differences; patients who underwent RC showed higher levels of plasma OPN (95.58 vs. 70.37 ng/mL, p = 0.030). Comparison according to T stage after RC showed significant differences in OPN levels (T1: 67.45, T2: 86.60 and T3: 95.23 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.006). The group with lymph node invasion showed significantly higher levels of OPN, compared to the group without invasion (153.24 vs. 68.03 ng/mL, p = 0.017). Preoperative plasma OPN levels correlated to muscle invasion of bladder UC and pathological stage after RC.
Delegation without borders: On individual rights, constitutions and the global order
Authors: BROUSSEAU ERIC , SGARD JEROME , SCHEMEIL YVES 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolitical and economic rights are envisaged as the outcome of an ongoing bargain between citizens and their rulers. Over the long run, this constitutive process shapes the development of both the economy and the state. Globalization, however, corresponds to a period where both the market and civil society extend far beyond the borders of the initial political compact. Hence, citizens may not only ask that cross-border transactions be made easier; they may also challenge the institutional cohesion and integrity of the classical, Westphalian state, i.e., its legal and judicial order, and its bureaucratic capabilities. We are proposing a schematic description of how this political process may gradually exit the national perimeter and deliver four possible models of international or global governance, depending upon the potential structuring of coalitions between the potential winners of the globalization both in the elite and in society, and the losers; national games being ultimately arbitrated by the international competition among elites, but also by the possible formation of global coalitions of citizens and merchants.
Cenozoic seawater Sr/Ca evolution
Authors: Sosdian Sindia M. , Lear Caroline H. , Tao Kai , Grossman Ethan L. , O'Dea Aaron , Rosenthal Yair 
Published: September 2012

Records of seawater chemistry help constrain temporal variations in geochemical processes that impact the global carbon cycle and climate through Earth's history. Here we reconstruct Cenozoic seawater Sr/Ca (Sr/Casw) using fossil Conus and turritellid gastropod Sr/Ca. Combined with an oxygen isotope paleotemperature record from the same samples, the gastropod record suggests that Sr/Caswwas slightly higher in the Eocene (∼11.4 ± 3 mmol/mol) than today (∼8.54 mmol/mol) and remained relatively stable from the mid‐ to late Cenozoic. We compare our gastropod Cenozoic Sr/Casw record with a published turritellid gastropod Sr/Casw record and other published biogenic (benthic foraminifera, fossil fish teeth) and inorganic precipitate (calcite veins) Sr/Caswrecords. Once the uncertainties with our gastropod‐derived Sr/Casw are taken into account the Sr/Casw record agrees reasonably well with biogenic Sr/Caswrecords. Assuming a seawater [Ca] history derived from marine evaporite inclusions, all biogenic‐based Sr/Casw reconstructions imply decreasing seawater [Sr] through the Cenozoic, whereas the calcite vein Sr/Casw reconstruction implies increasing [Sr] through the Cenozoic. We apply a simple geochemical model to examine the implications of divergence among these seawater [Sr] reconstructions and suggest that the interpretation and uncertainties associated with the gastropod and calcite vein proxies need to be revisited. Used in conjunction with records of carbonate depositional fluxes, our favored seawater Sr/Ca scenarios point to a significant increase in the proportion of aragonite versus calcite deposition in shelf sediments from the Middle Miocene, coincident with the proliferation of coral reefs. We propose that this occurred at least 10 million years after the seawater Mg/Ca threshold was passed, and was instead aided by declining levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The MJO‐Kelvin wave transition
Authors: Sobel A. H. , Kim D. 
Published: September 2012

As the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) moves eastward from the Indian to the Pacific ocean, it typically accelerates, becomes less strongly coupled to convection, and becomes more similar to a dry Kelvin wave. This transition is analyzed using observations of outgoing longwave radiation and ERA Interim reanalyses of surface pressure and 850 hPa zonal wind. Two individual example events as well as composites are shown. The transitions are well defined, with distinct disturbances on either side of the transition whose identities as MJO or Kelvin waves are clear. In some cases there appears to be a pre‐existing Kelvin wave passing through the MJO from the west to the east, but this feature is not apparent in the composites. The transitions occur at different longitudes in different events, over a wide range from the eastern Indian to the central Pacific oceans.
CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology
Authors: van der Graaf Piet H 
Published: September 2012

Welcome to the first issue of CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology (CPT:PSP), a new journal from the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. CPT:PSP is a cross‐disciplinary journal devoted to publishing advances in quantitative, model‐based approaches as applied in pharmacology, (patho)physiology, and disease to aid the discovery, development, and utilization of human therapeutics. The emphasis of CPT:PSP will be on the application of modeling and simulation and the impact of Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology on the discovery and development of innovative therapies.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2012) 1, e8; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.8; advance online publication 26 September 2012
Feedback cooling of cantilever motion using a quantum point contact transducer
Authors: Montinaro M. , Mehlin A. , Solanki H. S. , Peddibhotla P. , Mack S. , Awschalom D. D. , Poggio M. 
Published: September 2012

We use a quantum point contact (QPC) as a displacement transducer to measure and control the low-temperature thermal motion of a nearby micromechanical cantilever. The QPC is included in an active feedback loop designed to cool the cantilever's fundamental mechanical mode, achieving a squashing of the QPC noise at high gain. The minimum achieved effective mode temperature of 0.2 K and the displacement resolution of 10−11 m/Hz are limited by the performance of the QPC as a one-dimensional conductor and by the cantilever-QPC capacitive coupling.
Recommendations for Catch-Curve Analysis
Authors: Smith Matthew W. , Then Amy Y. , Wor Catarina , Ralph Gina , Pollock Kenneth H. , Hoenig John M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Three common cross-sectional catch-curve methods for estimating total mortality rate (Z) are the Chapman–Robson, regression, and Heincke estimators. There are five unresolved methodological issues: (1) which is the best estimator, (2) how one should determine the first age-group to use in the analysis, (3) how the variance estimators perform; and, for regression estimators, (4) how the observations should be weighted, including (5) whether and how the oldest ages should be truncated. We used analytical methods and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the three catch-curve methods, including unweighted and weighted versions of the regression estimator. We evaluated four criteria for specifying the first age-class used. Regression estimators were evaluated with four different methods of right data truncation. Heincke's method performed poorly and is generally not recommended. The two-tailed χ2 test and one-tailed z-test for full selectivity described by Chapman and Robson did not perform as well as simpler criteria and are not recommended. Estimates with the lowest mean square error were generally provided by (1) the Chapman–Robson estimator with the age of full recruitment being the age of maximum catch plus 1 year and (2) the weighted regression estimator with the age of full recruitment being the age of maximum catch and with no right truncation. Differences in performance between the two methods were small (&lt;6% of Z). The Chapman–Robson estimator of the variance of had large negative bias when not corrected for overdispersion; once corrected, it performed as well as or better than all other variance estimators evaluated. The regression variance estimator is generally precise and slightly negatively biased. We recommend that the traditional Chapman–Robson approach be corrected for overdispersion and used routinely to estimate Z. Weighted linear regression may work slightly better but is completely ad hoc. Unweighted linear regression should no longer be used for analyzing catch-curve data.
Received November 30, 2011; accepted July 4, 2012
A Systems Biology View of Responses to Lignin Biosynthesis Perturbations inArabidopsis
Authors: Vanholme Ruben , Storme Véronique , Vanholme Bartel , Sundin Lisa , Christensen Jørgen Holst , Goeminne Geert , Halpin Claire , Rohde Antje , Morreel Kris , Boerjan Wout 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLignin engineering is an attractive strategy to improve lignocellulosic biomass quality for processing to biofuels and other bio-based products. However, lignin engineering also results in profound metabolic consequences in the plant. We used a systems biology approach to study the plant's response to lignin perturbations. To this end, inflorescence stems of 20 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, each mutated in a single gene of the lignin biosynthetic pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase1 [PAL1], PAL2, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase [C4H], 4-coumarate:CoA ligase1 [4CL1], 4CL2, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase1 [CCoAOMT1], cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 [CCR1], ferulate 5-hydroxylase [F5H1], caffeic acid O-methyltransferase [COMT], and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase6 [CAD6], two mutant alleles each), were analyzed by transcriptomics and metabolomics. A total of 566 compounds were detected, of which 187 could be tentatively identified based on mass spectrometry fragmentation and many were new for Arabidopsis. Up to 675 genes were differentially expressed in mutants that did not have any obvious visible phenotypes. Comparing the responses of all mutants indicated that c4h, 4cl1, ccoaomt1, and ccr1, mutants that produced less lignin, upregulated the shikimate, methyl-donor, and phenylpropanoid pathways (i.e., the pathways supplying the monolignols). By contrast, f5h1 and comt, mutants that provoked lignin compositional shifts, downregulated the very same pathways. Reductions in the flux to lignin were associated with the accumulation of various classes of 4-O- and 9-O-hexosylated phenylpropanoids. By combining metabolomic and transcriptomic data in a correlation network, system-wide consequences of the perturbations were revealed and genes with a putative role in phenolic metabolism were identified. Together, our data provide insight into lignin biosynthesis and the metabolic network it is embedded in and provide a systems view of the plant's response to pathway perturbations.
YSL16 Is a Phloem-Localized Transporter of the Copper-Nicotianamine Complex That Is Responsible for Copper Distribution in Rice
Authors: Zheng Luqing , Yamaji Naoki , Yokosho Kengo , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Cu is an essential element for plant growth, but the molecular mechanisms of its distribution and redistribution within the plants are unknown. Here, we report that Yellow stripe-like16 (YSL16) is involved in Cu distribution and redistribution in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice YSL16 was expressed in the roots, leaves, and unelongated nodes at the vegetative growth stage and highly expressed in the upper nodes at the reproductive stage. YSL16 was expressed at the phloem of nodes and vascular tissues of leaves. Knockout of this gene resulted in a higher Cu concentration in the older leaves but a lower concentration in the younger leaves at the vegetative stage. At the reproductive stage, a higher Cu concentration was found in the flag leaf and husk, but less Cu was present in the brown rice, resulting in a significant reduction in fertility in the knockout line. Isotope labeling experiments with 65Cu showed that the mutant lost the ability to transport Cu-nicotianamine from older to younger leaves and from the flag leaf to the panicle. Rice YSL16 transported the Cu-nicotianamine complex in yeast. Taken together, our results indicate that Os-YSL16 is a Cu-nicotianamine transporter that is required for delivering Cu to the developing young tissues and seeds through phloem transport.
Markers for severity of illness associated with decreased snoring in toddlers born ELGA
Authors: Wang Katherine , DiFiore Juliann M , Martin Richard J , Rosen Carol L , Hibbs Anna Maria 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo describe the prevalence of paediatric sleep disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms in extremely low gestational age infants and identify neonatal risk factors, including early exposure to hypoxia and hyperoxia.MethodsPatients <28 weeks gestation were monitored with high‐resolution pulse oximetry. Hypoxia/hyperoxia variables were defined as percentage time of first 4 weeks of life that SaO2 < 80% or SaO2 > 98%, respectively. Parents completed part of the OSA‐18 questionnaire for symptoms of SDB at 18–22 months. Logistic regression was used to test the association between risk factors and sleep symptoms.ResultsOf 182 patients recruited, 138 (76%) completed the questionnaire. The mean gestation was 26 weeks, and mean birth weight 887 grams. Loud snoring (21%) and restless sleep (24%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Female sex was associated with an increased risk of loud snoring (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.13–6.5). Prolonged mechanical ventilation, necrotizing enterocolitis and prolonged caffeine use, however, were inversely correlated with loud snoring. Neither neonatal hypoxia nor hyperoxia were associated with sleep symptoms.ConclusionsWhile the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing symptoms is similar to reported rates, we found a sex difference not previously reported. Interestingly, markers for severity of illness show a pattern of being protective against loud snoring.
Causes of death in infants admitted to Australian neonatal intensive care units between 1995 and 2006
Authors: Feng Yvonne , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Bajuk Barbara , Lui Kei , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo compare causes and rates of mortality among infants admitted to 10 Australian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) between 1995 and 2006.MethodsDe‐identified perinatal data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units' (NICUS) Data Collection for 24 131 infants were examined for causes and rates of death. The study period was divided into two epochs: I (1995–2000, n = 11 185 infants) and II (2001–2006, n = 12 946 infants).ResultsA total of 2224 (9.2%) infants died in hospital. Mortality decreased from 10.3% (1152/11 185) in epoch I to 8.3% (1072/12 946) in epoch II (p < 0.001) due to improved survival in term infants. Extreme prematurity also decreased as a primary cause of death (118 (10.2%) vs 76 (7.1%), p = 0.008). No infant >42‐week gestation was admitted in epoch II. Congenital abnormalities were the most common cause of death (>20%) in both epochs, mostly in term rather than preterm infants (40.7% vs 13.9%, p < 0.001). Age of death was unchanged between the two epochs (median 4, 1st, 3rd quartiles: 1,16 days).ConclusionMortality rates have continued to decrease but improvement is predominantly due to improved survival of term infants and prevention of postdate deliveries. Congenital abnormalities continue to be the most common cause of death.