bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Model Parameter Analysis for Nitrifying Trickling Filters
Authors: Coats Erik R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT: Nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) represent an effective technology for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) to achieve compliance with ammonia‐N permits. However, while the potential benefits of NTFs are many, the design methods and associated parameter databases are underdeveloped. Research herein focused on analysis of pilot‐scale NTF data to develop enhanced design guidance. rn(max,0) values ranged from 1.19–3.38 gN m−2*d−1, and correlated with influent ammonia‐N concentration and loading. The transition concentration from rn(max,0) ranged from 0.9–22.2 mgN/L, and correlated with ammonia‐N loading. Zero‐order nitrification ranging from 0.24–1.58 gN m−2*d−1 was observed down‐gradient of rn(max,0). First‐order nitrification was not observed, nor was there a strong exponential correlation for decreasing nitrification rate. To translate results to NTF media different from that utilized, a relationship between the NTF media effectiveness parameter, E, and rn(max,0) was established. Collectively, the data presented enhances the engineer's ability to model and design NTFs.
Les Noirs libres et la citoyenneté américaine dans le Nord-Ouest des États-Unis (1787-1830)
Authors: Rossignol Marie-Jeanne 
Published: October 2015

Cet article se penche sur le territoire du Nord-Ouest des États-Unis où l’esclavage fut interdit avant même que le territoire ne soit organisé en États et ouvert au peuplement euro-américain à compter de 1787. L’interdiction de l’esclavage n’en fit pas un refuge pour les Noirs libres ou les esclaves en fuite : au contraire la région se dota de discriminations légales, et un républicanisme blanc exclusif s’y développa. Situé à l’Ouest, proche des Grands lacs et du Canada comme d’États esclavagistes, le Nord-Ouest constitua pourtant un creuset où se renouvelèrent les méthodes des antiesclavagistes au contact des Noirs libres et des esclaves fugitifs auxquels Noirs et Blancs portaient secours. Leurs combats annoncent ceux des abolitionnistes après 1830, et l’émergence d’une république plus inclusive.
L’égalité divisée. La race au cœur de la ségrégation juridique entre citoyens de la métropole et citoyens des « vieilles colonies » après 1848
Authors: Larcher Silyane 
Published: October 2015

Si conformément au principe révolutionnaire d’universalité des droits du citoyen, l’abolition de l’esclavage par la Seconde République en 1848 a institué la pleine égalité civile et politique entre citoyens (masculins) de la métropole et ex-esclaves des « vieilles colonies » de plantation, l’égalité civique n’a pas pour autant impliqué la pleine inclusion de ces derniers dans la « communauté des citoyens ». En effet, la pleine citoyenneté française s’est accompagnée aux Antilles (mais aussi en Guyane et à la Réunion) d’un régime législatif dérogatoire au droit commun. Ces « colonies de citoyens » furent régies par un système juridique les plaçant en dehors des lois applicables en métropole. Quelle « pensée d’État » permit, au long de plusieurs régimes politiques distincts, de faire tenir ensemble l’articulation improbable entre égalité civique et exception ? La division de l’égalité qui fonda une mise à l’écart des égaux ou une « altérisation » des citoyens des colonies post-esclavagistes s’est articulée dans la longue durée à une politisation des héritages historiques et anthropologiques des personnes originaires des îles à sucre. En abordant l’histoire de la citoyenneté française à partir de sa marge coloniale caribéenne, on observe ainsi qu’elle ne fut pas toujours unitaire ni abstraite : elle s’est articulée à une fabrique spécifique de la race. La logique de racisation par laquelle s’opéra la coupure entre Français de la métropole et Français des « vieilles colonies » anciennement esclavagistes ne se comprend pas simplement en termes coloristes, mais plutôt en termes « civilisationnels » – en termes « culturels » dirions-nous aujourd’hui.
Race, révolte, république : les marins brésiliens dans le contexte post-abolitionniste
Authors: Capanema Silvia 
Published: October 2015

Cet article propose d’étudier les relations entre la circulation des idées républicaines, les expériences raciales et la condition des matelots subalternes de la marine de guerre dans le contexte post-abolitionniste du début de la République, à travers l’analyse de la plus importante mutinerie de marins qui a eu lieu au Brésil : la révolte de 1910 contre les châtiments corporels à Rio de Janeiro. Le texte discute, dans un premier temps, le processus de racialisation au Brésil à la lumière des deux plus profondes transformations de la fin du XIX e siècle : l’abolition de l’esclavage (1888) et la proclamation de la République (1889). Dans un deuxième temps, l’article démontre comment les jeunes rebelles de 1910, en majorité Noirs, métis et originaires du nord et du nord-est du pays – régions considérées comme périphériques et « en retard » – ont construit leur mouvement en s’appuyant sur une identité commune : celle de marins et citoyens républicains. Cette identité se montrait incompatible avec les pratiques et les héritages esclavagistes toujours présents dans la société brésilienne, et en particulier dans la marine.
Errors Associated to Keratoconus Grading using Systems based on Corneal Power
Authors: Camps Vicente 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To analyze and define the possible errors that may be introduced in keratoconus classification when the keratometric corneal power is used in such classification.

Materials and methods
Retrospective study including a total of 44 keratoconus eyes. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed in all cases, which included a corneal analysis with the Pentacam system (Oculus). Classical keratometric corneal power (Pk), Gaussian corneal power (PcGauss), True Net Power (TNP) (Gaussian power neglecting the corneal thickness effect), and an adjusted keratometric corneal power (Pkadj) (keratometric power considering a variable keratometric index) were calculated. All cases included in the study were classified according to five different classification systems: Alió-Shabayek, Amsler-Krumeich, Rabinowitz- McDonnell, collaborative longitudinal evaluation of keratoconus (CLEK), and McMahon.

Results
When Pk and Pkadj were compared, differences in the type of grading of keratoconus cases was found in 13.6% of eyes when the Alió-Shabayek or the Amsler-Krumeich systems were used. Likewise, grading differences were observed in 22.7% of eyes with the Rabinowitz-McDonnell and McMahon classification systems and in 31.8% of eyes with the CLEK classification system. All reclassified cases using Pkadj were done in a less severe stage, indicating that the use of Pk may lead to the classification of a cornea as keratoconus, being normal. In general, the results obtained using Pkadj, PcGauss or the TNP were equivalent. Differences between Pkadj and PcGauss were within ± 0.7D.

Conclusion
The use of classical keratometric corneal power may lead to incorrect grading of the severity of keratoconus, with a trend to a more severe grading.

How to cite this article
Llorens DPP, Camps V, Caravaca-Arens E. Errors Associated to Keratoconus Grading using Systems based on Corneal Power. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(2):41-46.
A Special Design of Intacs SK and Collagen Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration in a 74-Year-Old Male
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Barbara Adel 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
We present a case report of a 74-year-old male who suffers from advanced and progressive pellucid marginal degeneration in his right eye, his left eye is legally blind because of macular scar.
We performed a combined procedure of a special design Intacs SK insertion followed by epi-off collagen corneal crosslinking according to the Dresden protocol. The Intacs SK were inserted by the manual technique, no intra- or postoperative complications were noted. Two months postoperatively, his uncorrected and best spectacle corrected visual acuity improved, the astigmatism was reduced and regularization of the corneal topography was observed. The patient is very satisfied from the improvement of his vision by minimally invasive procedures.

How to cite this article
Barbara A, Barbara R. A Special Design of Intacs SK and Collagen Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration in a 74-Year-Old Male. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(2):69-75.
MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Daxer Albert 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
A case of bilateral keratoconus after corneal cross-linking in both eyes and ineffective ring segment implantation in the left eye is presented. The ineffective ring segment was removed and instead, a corneal pocket was created and a MyoRing was inserted. In this case study, the currently available options of treatment are presented and the differences between ring segments and MyoRing are discussed in detail.

How to cite this article
Daxer A. MyoRing Treatment of Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(2):76-83.
Rheumatoid arthritis treatment with TNF inhibitors and alternative procedures in case of its failure – results of the Polish survey in the context of EULAR recommendations
Authors: Tłustochowicz Małgorzata , Dębowska Grażyna , Spytek Joanna , Tłustochowicz Witold 
Published: October 2015

<b>Introduction</b>: According to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment aims to achieve remission or low disease activity (LDA) within 6 months. In Poland, despite the existence of the National Health Fund Drug Program (NHF-DP), data on the effects of treatment with biological agents in patients with RA are not publicly available. Also we cannot compare registers from other countries with the Polish results because the rules of the therapeutic program in Poland impose restrictions that do not exist in other countries. For this reason, the data will not be comparable, but the results of the currently used regimen for biological treatment in Poland should be analyzed and compared with the recommendations of the European EULAR as a contribution to further discussion.<br />
<b>Objectives: </b> To determine the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitor treatment patterns in RA patients in Poland, to evaluate the frequency and causes of treatment failure as well as post-failure recommendations, and to compare Polish clinical practice enforced by the therapeutic program with the EULAR recommendations.<br />
<b>Material and methods: </b> The data on 895 RA patients were retrospectively collected from routine medical records. A questionnaire was completed only once for each patient. <br />
<b>Results</b>: After 3 months of treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor, the therapeutic target was achieved in 72% of patients: 4% in remission, 8% LDA, and 60% with moderate disease activity (MDA); after 9 months, 46% had reached the target: 16% in remission, 30% with LDA. An average of 49% of patients presented with MDA or high disease activity (HDA), thus requiring treatment modification. Treatment failure was confirmed in 14% of patients and a modified therapy administered: rituximab (72%) or adalimumab (20%). The most common cause of failure was inefficacy of treatment (70%).<br />
<b>Conclusions</b>: In the Polish therapeutic program, despite the persistence of MDA or HDA, the treatment with TNF inhibitors rarely qualifies as ineffective and therefore is seldom modified by switching to another biologic drug. As long as the initiation of treatment and its modifications are enforced by the NHF-DP and not the recommendations of EULAR, treatment may be less effective and paradoxically cost-intensive. Therefore, it seems obvious that it is necessary to change and adapt the NHF-DP requirements to European standards.
Le rôle des psychanalystes dans l’histoire du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal
Authors: Reid Wilfrid , Amyot Arthur 
Published: October 2015

Trois psychanalystes ont joué un rôle de premier plan dans l’histoire du département, soit les Drs Camille Laurin, Yvon Gauthier et Arthur Amyot. Le Dr Laurin a mis sur pied un cursus prégradué et un post-gradué et doté le département d’un premier programme complet de résidence en français. Dr Gauthier a, en quelque sorte, « construit » le département en créant ses instances administratives. Dr Amyot a donné corps au réseau universitaire en intégrant les divers milieux hospitaliers dans les décisions et les projets du département. Chacun à sa manière a contribué à l’une des marques distinctives du département, à savoir l’importance accordée à la formation à la psychothérapie. De plus, les auteurs désirent souligner comment la psychanalyse ou mieux une certaine vision psychanalytique sans dogmatisme ni exclusivisme a joué un rôle important dans l’histoire du département universitaire. Ce faisant, ils ont transmis une conception de la psychiatrie où la perspective biopsychosociale n’est pas un vain mot.
50 ans de service public pour les politiques et l’organisation de services de psychiatrie communautaire au Québec
Authors: Lesage Alain 
Published: October 2015

Cet essai, rédigé en deux articles compagnons (Partie I & II), est destiné mettre en valeur le service public de cinq psychiatres du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal ayant oeuvré au niveau du ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) pour les politiques de désinstitutionnalisation et l’organisation des services de psychiatrie communautaire pour les personnes avec des troubles mentaux graves. Il s’agit des Drs Camille Laurin, Denis Lazure, Arthur Amyot, Luc Blanchet et André Delorme.
Dans cette première partie, l’essai proposera comme grille de lecture de la recherche sur les services, quatre références, soit les arguments pour des soins dans la communauté des psychiatres et chercheurs britannique et italien, Thornicroft et Tansella ; Les enjeux systémiques dans toute réforme de l’infirmière et chercheure canadienne Paula Goering ; la proposition de régulation du système de santé du chercheur québécois en administration de la santé le Professeur André-Pierre Contandriopoulos ; et enfin la tension structurelle entre le secteur médical et social signalée par le sociologue américain de la santé Leutz.
L’essai enchaînera avec un narratif des phases connues de la désinstitutionnalisation, soit la phase asilaire (pré-1960), communautaire (1960-2000) et différentiée (depuis 2000). L’essai signalera la marche inexorable vers un hôpital sans mur, un travail interdisciplinaire, des tensions entre le curatif et la réadaptation et le financement décroissant qui avec une organisation et un leadership contesté ou essoufflé, donne lieu à des déficits que sont la transinstitutionnalisation dans l’itinérance et dans le système judiciaire.
Le changement de nos valeurs et certitudes au long de ce demi-siècle
Authors: Borgeat François , Dongier Maurice 
Published: October 2015

Dans cet essai, le premier auteur présente sa vision des changements importants dans les valeurs, certitudes et croyances fondamentales qui ont marqué le premier demi-siècle du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal.
Cinq changements majeurs sont proposés : 1- de la psychanalyse aux maladies du cerveau, 2- de « Est-ce qu’un non-médecin peut pratiquer la psychanalyse ? » à « Est-ce qu’un psychiatre peut encore faire de la psychothérapie ? » 3- de la continuité des soins aux épisodes de soins, 4- du traitement d’emblée aux évaluations répétées, 5- de l’amour qui guérit au tabou de l’amour.
Puis le deuxième auteur souligne l’effervescence de la neuropsychiatrie à l’Université McGill avant l’arrivée de la psychanalyse. Finalement, on observe que l’influence accrue des classifications DSM et de la psychopharmacologie a transformé la psychiatrie clinique, particulièrement en orientant l’entretien vers la recherche de critères vus comme objectifs au lieu de la compréhension intime des symptômes.
La médecine du sommeil : 1965-2015
Authors: Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: October 2015

La médecine du sommeil a maintenant 50 ans. À l’Université de Montréal, le Centre d’étude du sommeil naissait il y a environ 40 ans et a grandi pour devenir en 2012 le Centre d’études avancées en médecine du sommeil (CÉAMS). Le CÉAMS, c’est 14 chercheurs, plus de trente stagiaires de recherche et un personnel hautement qualifié. C’est un laboratoire de 1,500 mètres carrés comprenant 10 salles d’enregistrement polygraphique du sommeil, 3 laboratoires d’isolation temporelle pour l’étude des rythmes circadiens, un laboratoire d’enregistrement EEG à haute densité, un système d’imagerie SPECT à haute résolution et une clinique qui agit comme lieu de formation clinique et comme centre de référence pour plusieurs pathologies du sommeil, telles que la narcolepsie, le bruxisme, le syndrome des jambes sans repos et le trouble comportemental en sommeil paradoxal. Cet article raconte l’histoire du CÉAMS, ses principales réalisations et ses projets d’avenir en parallèle avec le développement général de la médecine du sommeil.
Special Education Teacher Preparation in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Chitiyo Morgan , Odongo George , Itimu-Phiri Ambumulire , Muwana Florence , Lipemba Mary 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Researchers have repeatedly identified special education teacher shortage as one of the factors that have stymied the development of special education in many African countries. Highly qualified special education teachers are an integral part of successful national educational systems. In order to ensure an optimum supply of qualified special education teachers in any country, one can start by examining special education teacher preparation programs in the country. In this paper, the authors sought to explore special education teacher preparation in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe to identify the characteristics, key features, gaps, and therefore come up with specific recommendations. In doing this the authors hope that this information would be helpful to researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, and organizations that are interested in contributing to the development of special education in these countries through personnel preparation.
Silicon isotopic chemistry in the Changjiang Estuary and coastal regions: Impacts of physical and biogeochemical processes on the transport of riverine dissolved silica
Authors: Zhang A. Y. , Zhang J. , Hu J. , Zhang R. F. , Zhang G. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe dissolved silica (DSi) concentration and silicon isotopic composition (δ30Si) of surface water samples from the Changjiang Estuary was measured in summer and winter to study the behavior of DSi fluvial inputs into the estuary. The DSi concentration decreased away from the estuary and had a linear relationship with salinity, suggesting that mixing between river water and seawater is the dominant effect on DSi levels in the study area. Measured δ30Si in the Changjiang Estuary ranged from +1.48‰ to +2.35‰ in summer, and from +1.54‰ to +1.95‰ in winter. As a result of low light levels and abundant DSi riverine inputs, DSi remains relatively unaffected by biological utilization and fractionation in the near‐shore region, and the isotopic imprint of water from the Changjiang can still be detected up to a salinity level of 20 in summer. An obvious increase in δ30Si was observed beyond this salinity level, indicating a significant increase in biological utilization and fractionation of DSi in high salinity waters. Lower water temperatures and light levels that prevail over the winter lead to the reduced fractionation of DSi compared with that in summer. The fractionation factor (30ɛ) was estimated using a steady state model to the high salinity waters, yielding a value of −0.95‰, which is in agreement with previous results obtained for Skeletonema costatum in cultivation experiments. The results of this study suggest that silicon isotopes can be used to identify the impact of biological utilization on the behavior of DSi in highly dynamic estuarine environments.
The Organic–Aqueous Extraction of Natural Eucommia ulmoides Rubber and Its Properties and Application in Car Radial Tires
Authors: Xia Lin , Wang Yan , Ma Zhenguo , Xin Zhenxiang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses a fast, efficient, green extraction method of natural Eucommia ulmoides rubber. In the traditional extracting methods, the Eucommia leaves or barks were dissolved in a medium or low polarity solvents, such as chloroform and toluene. However, in this process not only huge amounts of solvent were consumed but also the reversed‐phase solvent, such as ethanol and methanol, was needed to separate Eucommia rubber in a solid form from the solution. To solve these problems, we used the hydrophilicity of natural Eucommia rubber plant, using petroleum ether solution and alternating hot and cold water, to extract natural E. ulmoides rubber. This method could simplify the extraction process of E. ulmoides, reduce the amount of organic solvent used in the process of extraction, and save the extraction cost. The extracted E. ulmoides rubber was characterized, and the results showed that the molecular weight of E. ulmoides pretreated by the mechanical method was about 30 kDa and relatively narrow polydispersity. We also used the extracted Eucommia rubber in tread designing of car radial tires; the result showed that the mechanical properties of the rubber samples with Eucommia rubber increased compared with those without Eucommia rubber.
The use of personal flotation devices in the Northeast lobster fishing industry: An examination of the decision‐making process
Authors: Weil R. , Pinto K. , Lincoln J. , Hall‐Arber M. , Sorensen J. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThis study explored perspectives of Northeast commercial lobstermen regarding the use of personal flotation devices (PFDs). Researchers sought to identify factors contributing to low PFD use, and motivators that could lead to increased use of PFDs.MethodsThis qualitative research (n = 72) included 25 commercial fishermen who participated in in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, and 47 attendees of Lobstermen's meetings who engaged in focus groups.ResultsThe results showed substantial barriers to PFD use. Fishermen described themselves as being proactive about safety whenever possible, but described a longstanding tradition of not wearing PFDs. Key factors integrally linked with the lack of PFD use were workability, identity/social stigma, and risk diffusion.ConclusionFuture safety interventions will need to address significant barriers to PFD use that include issues of comfort and ease of use, as well as social acceptability of PFDs and reorientation of risk perceptions related to falls overboard. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:73–80, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling Electrical Conductance through a π‐Conjugated Cruciform Molecule by Selective Anchoring to Gold Electrodes
Authors: Huang Cancan , Chen Songjie , Baruël Ørnsø Kristian , Reber David , Baghernejad Masoud , Fu Yongchun , Wandlowski Thomas , Decurtins Silvio , Hong Wenjing , Thygesen Kristian Sommer , Liu Shi‐Xia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTuning charge transport at the single‐molecule level plays a crucial role in the construction of molecular electronic devices. Introduced herein is a promising and operationally simple approach to tune two distinct charge‐transport pathways through a cruciform molecule. Upon in situ cleavage of triisopropylsilyl groups, complete conversion from one junction type to another is achieved with a conductance increase by more than one order of magnitude, and it is consistent with predictions from ab initio transport calculations. Although molecules are well known to conduct through different orbitals (either HOMO or LUMO), the present study represents the first experimental realization of switching between HOMO‐ and LUMO‐dominated transport within the same molecule.