bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of intelligent manufacturing, innovation equilibrium and cost stickiness in the artificial intelligence era
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Qiang , Chen Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of intelligent manufacturing methods driven by artificial intelligence (AI) on cost stickiness in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Leveraging the ABJ model， a regression analysis explores how different AI‐enabled intelligent manufacturing approaches influence cost stickiness through the lens of innovation equilibrium. The sample comprises manufacturing companies listed on China's A‐share market from 2013 to 2021. The findings reveal a negative correlation between intelligent manufacturing adoption and cost stickiness among these firms. Specifically, production‐based intelligent manufacturing exhibits a more significant effect on reducing cost stickiness compared with collaborative intelligent manufacturing methods. Moreover, intelligent manufacturing positively impacts both joint equilibrium innovation and matching equilibrium innovation. While joint equilibrium innovation is negatively associated with cost stickiness, matching equilibrium innovation shows no significant relationship with cost stickiness. The results indicate that innovation equilibrium plays a mediating role in the relationship between AI‐driven intelligent manufacturing and cost stickiness. Overall, this research sheds light on how AI capabilities enabling intelligent manufacturing processes and innovation equilibrium dynamics can help alleviate cost stickiness issues faced by manufacturing enterprises. It highlights the strategic value of adopting AI systems to enhance operational efficiency and cost management flexibility within manufacturing contexts.
soid: A Tool for Legal Accountability for Automated Decision Making
Authors: Judson Samuel , Elacqua Matthew , Cano Filip , Antonopoulos Timos , Könighofer Bettina , Shapiro Scott J. , Piskac Ruzica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present $$\textsf{soid}$$
soid
, a tool for interrogating the decision making of autonomous agents using SMT-based automated reasoning. Relying on the Z3 SMT solver and KLEE symbolic execution engine, $$\textsf{soid}$$
soid
allows investigators to receive rigorously proven answers to factual and counterfactual queries about agent behavior, enabling effective legal and engineering accountability for harmful or otherwise incorrect decisions. We evaluate $$\textsf{soid}$$
soid
qualitatively and quantitatively on a pair of examples, i) a buggy implementation of a classic decision tree inference benchmark from the explainable AI (XAI) literature; and ii) a car crash in a simulated physics environment. For the latter, we also contribute the $$\textsf{soid}\hbox {-}\!\textsf{gui}$$

soid
-

gui

, a domain-specific, web-based example interface for legal and other practitioners to specify factual and counterfactual queries without requiring sophisticated programming or formal methods expertise.
Certified Robust Accuracy of Neural Networks Are Bounded Due to Bayes Errors
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Sun Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdversarial examples pose a security threat to many critical systems built on neural networks. While certified training improves robustness, it also decreases accuracy noticeably. Despite various proposals for addressing this issue, the significant accuracy drop remains. More importantly, it is not clear whether there is a certain fundamental limit on achieving robustness whilst maintaining accuracy. In this work, we offer a novel perspective based on Bayes errors. By adopting Bayes error to robustness analysis, we investigate the limit of certified robust accuracy, taking into account data distribution uncertainties. We first show that the accuracy inevitably decreases in the pursuit of robustness due to changed Bayes error in the altered data distribution. Subsequently, we establish an upper bound for certified robust accuracy, considering the distribution of individual classes and their boundaries. Our theoretical results are empirically evaluated on real-world datasets and are shown to be consistent with the limited success of existing certified training results, e.g., for CIFAR10, our analysis results in an upper bound (of certified robust accuracy) of 67.49%, meanwhile existing approaches are only able to increase it from 53.89% in 2017 to 62.84% in 2023.
Unifying Qualitative and Quantitative Safety Verification of DNN-Controlled Systems
Authors: Zhi Dapeng , Wang Peixin , Liu Si , Ong C.-H. Luke , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe rapid advance of deep reinforcement learning techniques enables the oversight of safety-critical systems through the utilization of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). This underscores the pressing need to promptly establish certified safety guarantees for such DNN-controlled systems. Most of the existing verification approaches rely on qualitative approaches, predominantly employing reachability analysis. However, qualitative verification proves inadequate for DNN-controlled systems as their behaviors exhibit stochastic tendencies when operating in open and adversarial environments. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for unifying both qualitative and quantitative safety verification problems of DNN-controlled systems. This is achieved by formulating the verification tasks as the synthesis of valid neural barrier certificates (NBCs). Initially, the framework seeks to establish almost-sure safety guarantees through qualitative verification. In cases where qualitative verification fails, our quantitative verification method is invoked, yielding precise lower and upper bounds on probabilistic safety across both infinite and finite time horizons. To facilitate the synthesis of NBCs, we introduce theirk-inductive variants. We also devise a simulation-guided approach for training NBCs, aiming to achieve tightness in computing precise certified lower and upper bounds. We prototype our approach into a tool called and showcase its efficacy on four classic DNN-controlled systems.
Collective Contracts for Message-Passing Parallel Programs
Authors: Luo Ziqing , Siegel Stephen F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProcedure contracts are a well-known approach for specifying programs in a modular way. We investigate a new contract theory for collective procedures in parallel message-passing programs. As in the sequential setting, one can verify that a procedure f conforms to its contract using only the contracts, and not the implementations, of the collective procedures called by f. We apply this approach to C programs that use the Message Passing Interface (MPI), introducing a new contract language that extends the ANSI/ISO C Specification Language. We present contracts for the standard MPI collective functions, as well as many user-defined collective functions. A prototype verification system has been implemented using the CIVL model checker for checking contract satisfaction within small bounds on the number of processes.
Entanglement structures from modified IR geometry
Authors: Ju Xin-Xiang , Lai Teng-Zhou , Liu Bo-Hao , Pan Wen-Bin , Sun Ya-Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate a new proposal connecting the geometry at various radial scales in asymptotic AdS spacetime with entanglement structure at corresponding real-space length scales of the boundary theory. With this proposal, the bulk IR geometry encodes the long-scale entanglement structure of the dual quantum system. We consider two distinct types of IR geometries, namely the spherical case and the hyperbolic case, which are intimately related to the physics of differential entropy and brane-world holography separately. We explore the corresponding change in the dual long-scale entanglement structures, utilizing the tools of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, conditional mutual information, and partial entanglement entropy. The results indicate that modifying the IR geometry leads to a redistribution of entanglement at scales longer than a critical length determined by the location of the IR region, with the two modified IR geometries corresponding to two opposite ways of redistribution. Furthermore, we establish the maximum amount of entanglement that can be modified, which is proportional to the area of the IR region.
A two parameter family of lightcone-like hyperbolic string vertices
Authors: Bernardes Vinícius , Portugal Ulisses 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We introduce a two parameter family of string field theory vertices, which we refer to as hyperbolic Kaku vertices. It is defined in terms of hyperbolic metrics on the Riemann surface, but the geometry is allowed to depend on inputs of the states. The vertices are defined for both open and closed strings. In either case, the family contains the hyperbolic vertices. Then we show that the open string lightcone vertex is obtained as the flat limit of the hyperbolic Kaku vertices. The open string Kaku vertices, which interpolate between the Witten vertex and the open string lightcone vertex, is also obtained as a flat limit. We use the same limit on the case of closed strings to define the closed string Kaku vertices: a one parameter family of vertices that interpolates between the polyhedral vertices — which are covariant, but not cubic — and the closed string lightcone vertex — which is cubic, but not Lorentz covariant.
First constraints on the Lμ − Lτ explanation of the muon g-2 anomaly from NA64-e at CERN
Authors: Andreev Yu. M. , Antonov A. , Banerjee D. , Banto Oberhauser B. , Bernhard J. , Bisio P. , Celentano A. , Charitonidis N. , Cooke D. , Crivelli P. , Depero E. , Dermenev A. V. , Donskov S. V. , Dusaev R. R. , Enik T. , Frolov V. N. , Gardikiotis A. , Gertsenberger S. V. , Girod S. , Gninenko S. N. , Hösgen M. , Kachanov V. A. , Kambar Y. , Karneyeu A. E. , Kasianova E. A. , Kekelidze G. , Ketzer B. , Kirpichnikov D. V. , Kirsanov M. M. , Kolosov V. N. , Kramarenko V. A. , Kravchuk L. V. , Krasnikov N. V. , Kuleshov S. V. , Lyubovitskij V. E. , Lysan V. , Marini A. , Marsicano L. , Matveev V. A. , Mena Fredes R. , Mena Yanssen R. , Molina Bueno L. , Mongillo M. , Peshekhonov D. V. , Polyakov V. A. , Radics B. , Salamatin K. , Samoylenko V. D. , Sieber H. , Shchukin D. , Soto O. , Tikhomirov V. O. , Tlisova I. , Toropin A. N. , Tuzi M. , Ulloa P. , Volkov P. V. , Volkov V. Yu. , Voronchikhin I. V. , Zamora-Saá J. , Zhevlakov A. S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The inclusion of an additional U(1) gauge Lμ − Lτ symmetry would release the tension between the measured and the predicted value of the anomalous muon magnetic moment: this paradigm assumes the existence of a new, light Z′ vector boson, with dominant coupling to μ and τ leptons and interacting with electrons via a loop mechanism. The Lμ − Lτ model can also explain the Dark Matter relic abundance, by assuming that the Z′ boson acts as a “portal” to a new Dark Sector of particles in Nature, not charged under known interactions. In this work we present the results of the Z′ search performed by the NA64-e experiment at CERN SPS, that collected ~ 9 × 1011 100 GeV electrons impinging on an active thick target. Despite the suppressed Z′ production yield with an electron beam, NA64-e provides the first accelerator-based results excluding the g − 2 preferred band of the Z′ parameter space in the 1 keV <$$ {m}_{Z^{\prime }} $$

m

Z
′

≲ 2 MeV range, in complementarity with the limits recently obtained by the NA64-μ experiment with a muon beam.
Searching for a new light gauge boson with axial couplings in muon beam dump experiments
Authors: Fayet Pierre , Olea-Romacho María Olalla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a formalism for new U(1) interactions involving weak hypercharge, baryon, and lepton numbers, and a possible axial symmetry generator FA in the presence of a second Brout-Englert-Higgs doublet. The resulting U boson, after mixing with the Z, interpolates between a generalised dark photon, a dark Z, and an axially coupled gauge boson. We especially focus on the axial couplings originating from FA or from mixing with the Z, determined by the scalar sector via parameters like tan β and the v.e.v. of an extra dark singlet.We explore the distinctive features of axially coupled interactions, especially in the ultrarelativistic limit, where the U boson behaves much as an axion-like particle, with enhanced interactions to quarks and leptons. This enhancement is particularly relevant for future muon beam dump experiments, since the muon mass considerably increases the effective coupling, proportional to 2mμ/mU, compared to analogous experiments with electrons.We also analyse the shape of the expected beam dump exclusion or discovery regions, influenced by U boson interactions and the experiment geometry. Different situations are considered, limited in particular by cases for which the U decays before reaching the detector, or has too small couplings to produce detectable events. We also compare to vectorially coupled bosons and axion-like pseudoscalars, highlighting the importance of understanding the parameter space for future experiment design and optimisation.
Non-relativistic intersecting branes, Newton-Cartan geometry and AdS/CFT
Authors: Lambert Neil , Smith Joseph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We discuss non-relativistic variants of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory obtained from generalised Newton-Cartan geometric limits of D3-branes in ten-dimensional spacetime. We argue that the natural interpretation of these limits is that they correspond to non-relativistic D1-branes or D3-branes intersecting the original D3-branes. The resulting gauge theories have dynamics that reduce to quantum mechanics on monopole moduli space or two-dimensional sigma-models on Hitchin moduli space respectively. We show that these theories possess interesting infinite-dimensional symmetries and we discuss the dual AdS geometries.
The Role of Self-Management in Pessary Therapy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Paulussen Evy , Börger Renée , van Eijndhoven Hugo , Engberts Marian , Steures Pieternel , Weemhoff Mirjam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
This study investigated pessary self-management (PSM). The primary outcome was how often PSM was taught to patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Secondary outcomes were associations of PSM with treatment continuation, side effects, changing to surgery, and number of doctor consultations in the first year after treatment initiation compared with clinical management (CM).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 300 patients visiting three Dutch medical centres in 2019, and receiving a pessary for POP. The t test, Chi-squared test and logistic regression were performed to compare PSM with CM and to identify factors associated with treatment continuation.

Results
A total of 35% of patients received PSM instructions, of which 92% were able to perform PSM successfully. Treatment was continued by 83% of patients practicing PSM and 75% of patients having CM (p = 0.16), side effects occurred in 26% and 39% respectively (p = 0.18). Pain or discomfort was associated with treatment discontinuation (p < 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of patients who had a pessary suitable for PSM, treatment continuation was significantly higher in the PSM group (97%) than in the CM group (74%; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Pessary self-management was only taught to 35% of patients who received a pessary, although the ability to perform PSM was high (92%). Treatment discontinuation was significantly lower in the PSM subgroup, when assessing the subgroup of patients using a pessary suitable for PSM. The large number of patients using a pessary suitable for PSM in the CM group implies that there is a lot to gain by promoting PSM.
Six-month follow-up of multidomain cognitive impairment in non-hospitalized individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Schild Ann-Katrin , Scharfenberg Daniel , Regorius Anton , Klein Kim , Kirchner Lukas , Yasemin Goereci , Lülling Joachim , Meiberth Dix , Schweitzer Finja , Fink Gereon R. , Jessen Frank , Franke Christiana , Onur Oezguer A. , Jost Stefanie Theresa , Warnke Clemens , Maier Franziska 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSome people infected with SARS-CoV-2 report persisting symptoms following acute infection. If these persist for over three months, they are classified as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Although PCS is frequently reported, detailed longitudinal neuropsychological characterization remains scarce. We aimed to describe the trajectory of cognitive and neuropsychiatric PCS symptoms. 42 individuals with persisting cognitive deficits after asymptomatic to mild/moderate acute COVID-19 at study inclusion received neuropsychological assessment at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU; six months after BL). Assessments included comprehensive testing of five neurocognitive domains, two cognitive screening tests, and questionnaires on depression, anxiety, sleep, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. Results showed high rates of subjective cognitive complaints at BL and FU (95.2% versus 88.1%) without significant change over time. However, objectively measured neurocognitive disorder (NCD) decreased (61.9% versus 42.9%). All cognitive domains were affected, yet most deficits were found in learning and memory, followed by executive functions, complex attention, language, and perceptual motor functions. In individuals with NCD, the first three domains mentioned improved significantly over time, while the last two domains remained unchanged. Cognitive screening tests did not prove valuable in detecting impairment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms remained constant except for quality of life, which improved. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in longitudinal research and provides valuable insights into the trajectory of long-term neuropsychological impairments in PCS. While cognitive performance significantly improved in many domains, neuropsychiatric symptoms remained unchanged.
“Long term speech outcomes after using the Sommerlad technique for primary palatoplasty: a retrospective study in the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht.”
Authors: Hofman Lieke , Paes Emma C. , Haverkamp Sarah J. , Jenniskens Kevin , Mink van der Molen Aebele B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
After cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) repair, children may develop velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) leading to speech imperfections, necessitating additional speech correcting surgery. This study examines the incidence of VPI and speech correcting surgery after Sommerlad’s palatoplasty for CL/P, and its association with various clinical features.

Materials and methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed in the Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital in Utrecht and child records from 380 individuals with CL/P registered from 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised the diagnosis of CL/P, primary palatoplasty according to Sommerlad’s technique, and speech assessment at five years or older. Association between cleft type and width, presence of additional genetic disorders and postoperative complications (palatal dehiscence, fistula) were assessed using odds ratios and chi squared tests.

Results
A total of 239 patients were included. The VPI rate was 52.7% (n = 126) and in 119 patients (49.8%) a speech correcting surgery was performed. Severe cleft type, as indicated by a higher Veau classification, was associated with a significant higher rate of speech correcting surgeries (p = 0.033). Significantly more speech correcting surgeries were performed in patients with a cleft width >10 mm, compared to patients with a cleft width ≤10 mm (p < 0.001). Patients with oronasal fistula underwent significantly more speech correcting surgeries than those without fistula (p = 0.004). No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of speech correcting surgery between patients with and without genetic disorders (p = 0.890).

Conclusions/clinical relevance
Variations in cleft morphology, cleft width and complications like oronasal fistula are associated with different speech outcomes. Future research should focus on creating a multivariable prediction model for speech correcting surgery in CL/P patients.
Achieving carbon neutrality in energy transition economies: exploring the environmental efficiency of natural gas efficiency, coal efficiency, and resources efficiency
Authors: Awosusi Abraham Ayobamiji , Ozdeser Huseyin , Seraj Mehdi , Adegboye Oluwatayomi Rereloluwa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study inspects the environmental impact of resource efficiency, natural gas efficiency, and coal efficiency in the top energy transition economies while incorporating economic growth and globalization, social globalization, political globalization, and economic globalization as control variables. We utilized the method of moments quantile regression to analyze a dataset from 1990 to 2021, while the dynamic ordinary least square, fixed-effect ordinary least square, and fully modified ordinary least square methods were used for robustness analysis. The outcomes of the estimators revealed that coal efficiency and natural gas efficiency contribute to the decline in CO2 emissions. Conversely, the results further indicated that globalization, economic growth, resource efficiency, social globalization, political globalization, and economic globalization intensify CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the panel Granger causality test was also utilized, which revealed evidence of a bidirectional causality association between CO2 emissions and all regressors except for coal efficiency and economic globalization. However, a unidirectional causal connection was identified from CO2 emissions to coal efficiency and economic globalization. From the observed outcomes alongside the inferences drawn from the Granger causality analysis, we offer a holistic policy approach for attaining carbon neutrality by driving the development and implementation of energy efficiency initiatives.
Graphical abstract
Searching for synergies for low emission development, the case for dairy subsector in Kenya
Authors: Onyango Joel , Vellema Sietze , Crane Todd , Atela Joanes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research paper assesses the coherence of policy measures and documents related to low emission dairy development (LEDD) initiatives at different levels with a focus on Kenya. To analyse coherence, an innovative stepwise approach was employed including sampling of measures, assessing for vertical and horizontal coherences, and detecting areas of synergies for prioritisation of measures. Six international level documents, six national level sectoral documents, and two local level documents were analysed to extract a total of 145 measures. These measures were then thematically coded and assessed for coherence with LEDD. The findings reveal that while some policy documents reinforce and enable each other, others show limited coherence in supporting LEDD. The study highlights the importance of classifying coherence among measures and documents to prioritise options for policy makers. The paper identified four key documents as strategic for reinforcing LEDD measures across other policy measures comprising the Kenya Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan (KGESIP), the Medium Term Three Big Four Agenda (B4A), the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), and the World Bank Climate Smart Agriculture (WB CSA). The paper identifies that policy documents structured to support implementation at the local level tend to be more synergistic. Further, the paper identifies that measures which provide forward-looking pathways, and builds agency among stakeholders, are likely to promote synergistic coherence. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the level of coherence among policy measures and documents in the context of sustainable agriculture in Kenya. It provides insights and recommendations to facilitate effective implementation of LEDD initiatives at national and local levels.