bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating internet health resources in ear, nose, and throat surgery
Authors: Goslin Ross A. , Elhassan Hassan A. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the quality, accessibility, usability, reliability, and readability of Web sites that provide information on common ear, nose, and throat conditions.Study DesignSeveral standardized and validated appraisal instruments and questionnaires designed to rate Web sites providing online health information were used to evaluate the content of online ear, nose, and throat health information.MethodsThe terms “cholesteatoma,” “sinusitis,” “tonsillitis,” “acute otitis media,” “epistaxis,” and “quinsy” (peritonsillar abscess), representing six common ear, nose, and throat conditions, were entered separately into the Internet search engine Google. Web sites satisfying the inclusion criteria from the first 30 results of each search were evaluated for content quality using the DISCERN rating instrument, for accessibility, usability, and reliability using the LIDA rating instrument, and for readability using the Flesch Reading Ease score.ResultsOf the 180 Web sites identified, 124 (68.9%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean overall DISCERN score for quality was “poor,” at 39/80 (range, 16–70). The DISCERN instrument rated 2 (1.6%) Web sites as “excellent,” 14 (11.3%) as “good,” 40 (32.3%) as “fair,” 38 (30.6%) as “poor,” and 30 (24.2%) as “very poor.” The mean overall LIDA score for accessibility, usability, and reliability was “moderate,” at 114/165 (69.3%; range, 61–142). The mean Flesch Reading Ease score for the readability of Web sites was 42.3/100 (range, 10.7–71.9).ConclusionsThe use of validated instruments is necessary to reduce the risks from patients accessing misinformation. They can guide health care professionals with their role in directing patients to high‐quality sources of information and endorsing Web sites that meet high standards.
Water Sorption Thermodynamics and Mass Transport in Poly(ϵ‐Caprolactone): Interactional Issues Emerging from Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Musto Pellegrino , Galizia Michele , Scherillo Giuseppe , Mensitieri Giuseppe 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWater sorption and transport in poly‐(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) is studied by FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode, providing information at the molecular level on equilibrium sorption and the diffusion mechanism. Coupling of spectroscopic and gravimetric data allows the equilibrium absorbance to be correlated with the water concentration in PCL. The analysis of the ν(OH) spectral region reveals the presence of two species of absorbed water (i.e., molecules directly interacting with the carbonyl group of PCL and self‐associated water). Sorption thermodynamics are interpreted using an equation of state approach routed on a compressible lattice fluid framework, accounting for self‐ and cross‐hydrogen‐bond formation. Assuming that only the carbonyl group acts as a proton acceptor group on the polymer backbone, theoretical predictions are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results.magnified image
Atomic Force Microscopy of Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites (PLSNs): A Brief Overview
Authors: Adhikari Rameshwar 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAtomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used frequently in polymer research in particular for imaging topography and phase morphology of multi‐component systems. In this work, we review the application of different techniques of the AFM for the structural characterization of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNs) with various classes of polymers (such as glassy and semicrystalline polymers, thermosetting resins etc.) as matrix. We demonstrate that AFM can be conveniently used to image not only the morphology of the composites materials with nanometer resolution but also to gain insight into their nanomechanical properties.
Synthetic Polymer Composites Reinforced by Bamboo Fibers
Authors: Saiter Jean‐Marc , Esposito Antonella , Dobircau Larisa , Turner Joseph A , Adhikari Rameshwar 
Published: May 2013

SummaryComposites made of a thermoplastic matrix reinforced by bamboo fibers were obtained by extrusion and injection methods. It was found that the lignin of the bamboo fibers protects them from thermal exposure and prevents their degradation. As a consequence, in spite of the relatively high processing temperatures required for polymer melting, it is possible to obtain composite materials with acceptable properties for specific low‐tech applications.
An experimental investigation on interactive behavior of thin walled cylindrical shells
Authors: Ghanbari Ghazijahani T. , Showkati H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCylindrical shells are widely used in many kinds of applications under different cases of load combination. Nevertheless, only a small number of researches have been executed on cylindrical shells under pure bending in combination with external pressure. The present experimental research studies the buckling behavior of long cylindrical steel shells under combined pure bending and peripheral pressure. This study shows that initial sectional deformation developed by preloading considerably affects the buckling capacity of such shells. Moreover, it was found that primary load appreciably expedites the initiation of the buckling by activating the possible geometrical imperfections once shells are exposed to secondary load.
Low friction MoS2TiW coatings manufactured on X38CrMoV5‐1 steel using PVD method
Authors: Golabczak M. , Jacquet P. , Nouveau C. , Fliti R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this article the friction coefficients and the wear resistances of MoS2TiW protective coatings manufactured on X38CrMoV5‐1 steel samples by using PVD technology are studied. The investigations based on tribometer tests which were carried out in different temperature conditions. The process of deposition of PVD coatings was realized by using multisource, hybrid factory‐scale equipment of type URM 079. This equipment allows for deposition of coatings by the physical method. The tribological tests were performed using a precision high temperature tribometer under ambient and high temperature conditions with a steel and corundum balls as counter‐samples. In this paper the results of these tribological tests are presented. It is shown that the measured friction coefficient of steel samples with PVD coatings is significantly lower than the friction coefficient of uncoated steel. It is also shown that X38CrMoV5‐1 steel samples with manufactured MoS2TiW coatings are characterized by very low friction coefficient and high wear resistance.
Effect of horizontal ring beams on the ultimate bearing capacity of masonry walls
Authors: Radnic J. , Smilovic M. , Harapin A. , Sunara M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the results of numerical tests on the effect of horizontal ring beams on the behaviour of masonry walls under static and dynamic load. Two‐storey walls without and with openings were analyzed, with good and poor quality of masonry, with different boundary conditions at the foundation‐base interface. The effect of the longitudinal bars profiles of horizontal ring beams on the behaviour of walls under horizontal static load, as well as under harmonic and seismic base acceleration was studied. Previously developed numerical model by the authors for static and dynamic analysis of planar masonry structures was used. It was concluted that walls without horizontal ring beams had a significantly smaller strength capacity than equal walls with horizontal ring beams, and that greater longitudinal bars profiles of horizontal ring beams contributes to a higher limit strength capacity of masonry walls.
Laser beam welded sandwich structures with hollow sphere core
Authors: Riegel H. , Merkel M. , Öchsner A. , Araújo M. , Thiede R. , Fruhstuck J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMetallic hollow sphere structures (MHSS) are advanced composite materials characterised by a high geometrical reproducibility with relatively constant mechanical and physical properties. The success of such new developed materials depends not only on the production itself. The techniques for further processing and joining are essential. Joining technologies like brazing or gas metal arc welding influence the hollow sphere structures bulk material with a considerable amount of heat. The laser beam welding is a highly efficient technique with a comparatively small heat input. The laser beam ensures only local heat influences and allows individual structures for specific sandwich geometries. The joining of blanks with hollow sphere structures expands the applications and possibilities for them. The challenge of welding hollow sphere structures, for example with blanks to a sandwich structure, lies in the low density of hollow spheres. The surface tension of the molten hollow sphere structures forces the melt to form droplets out of bulk material. The metallic hollow sphere structure vanishes. The missing material can be balanced by feeding massively a wire into the welding bath. However, the additional mass is not suitable for light weight constructions. A joint between the molten feeding wire and a hollow sphere can still not be ensured. Classical joining technologies with a big amount of heat would dissolve the complete hollow sphere structures and are not suitable. In this paper the mechanical properties of laser beam welded hollow sphere structures sandwich structures are presented. The welding was done by a CO2‐laser with a wave length of 10.6 μm and a maximum power of 1.5 kW. Different geometries of joints have been investigated. The specimens are tested for shear and bending strength. The strength of the weld lines depend on the density of the hollow sphere structures. Higher density raises the strength. Eigenfrequencies have been simulated by modal analysis. Results of simulated and measured values show comparable results, starting by 2 kHz for 1 mm thick blanks and 3 kHz for 2 mm blanks.
“Atypical” atypical parkinsonism: New genetic conditions presenting with features of progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, or multiple system atrophy—A diagnostic guide
Authors: Stamelou Maria , Quinn Niall P. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, a number of genetic parkinsonian conditions have been recognized that share some features with the clinical syndromes of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), the classic phenotypic templates of atypical parkinsonism. For example, patients with progranulin, dynactin, or ATP13A gene mutations may have vertical supranuclear gaze palsy. This has made differential diagnosis difficult for practitioners. In this review, our goal is to make clinicians aware of these genetic disorders and provide clinical clues and syndromic associations, as well as investigative features, that may help in diagnosing these disorders. The correct identification of these patients has important clinical, therapeutic, and research implications. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Joint spatial‐spectral reconstruction and k‐t spirals for accelerated 2D spatial/1D spectral imaging of 13C dynamics
Authors: Gordon Jeremy W. , Niles David J. , Fain Sean B. , Johnson Kevin M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo develop a novel imaging technique to reduce the number of excitations and required scan time for hyperpolarized 13C imaging.MethodsA least‐squares based optimization and reconstruction is developed to simultaneously solve for both spatial and spectral encoding. By jointly solving both domains, spectral imaging can potentially be performed with a spatially oversampled single echo spiral acquisition. Digital simulations, phantom experiments, and initial in vivo hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate experiments were performed to assess the performance of the algorithm as compared to a multi‐echo approach.ResultsSimulations and phantom data indicate that accurate single echo imaging is possible when coupled with oversampling factors greater than six (corresponding to a worst case of pyruvate to metabolite ratio < 9%), even in situations of substantial
decay and B0 heterogeneity. With lower oversampling rates, two echoes are required for similar accuracy. These results were confirmed with in vivo data experiments, showing accurate single echo spectral imaging with an oversampling factor of 7 and two echo imaging with an oversampling factor of 4.ConclusionThe proposed k‐t approach increases data acquisition efficiency by reducing the number of echoes required to generate spectroscopic images, thereby allowing accelerated acquisition speed, preserved polarization, and/or improved temporal or spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med 71:1435–1445, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
4D flow magnetic resonance imaging in bicuspid aortic valve disease demonstrates altered distribution of aortic blood flow helicity
Authors: Lorenz R. , Bock J. , Barker A. J. , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff F. , Wallis W. , Korvink J. G. , Bissell M. M. , Schulz‐Menger J. , Markl M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeChanges in aortic geometry or presence of aortic valve (AoV) disease can result in substantially altered aortic hemodynamics. Dilatation of the ascending aorta or AoV abnormalities can result in an increase in helical flow.Methods4D flow magnetic resonance imaging was used to test the feasibility of quantitative helicity analysis using equidistantly distributed 2D planes along the entire aorta. The evaluation of the method included three parts: (1) the quantification of helicity in 12 healthy subjects, (2) an evaluation of observer variability and test–retest reliability, and (3) the quantification of helical flow in 16 patients with congenitally altered bicuspid AoVs.ResultsHelicity quantification in healthy subjects revealed consistent directions of flow rotation along the entire aorta with high clockwise helicity in the aortic arch and an opposite rotation sense in the ascending and descending aorta. The results demonstrated good scan–rescan and inter‐ and intraobserver agreement of the helicity parameters. Helicity quantification in patients revealed a significant increase in absolute peak relative helicity during systole and a considerably greater heterogeneous distribution of mean helicity in the aorta.ConclusionThe method has the potential to serve as a reference distribution for comparisons of helical flow between healthy subjects and patients or between different patient groups. Magn Reson Med 71:1542–1553, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crossed responses found in human trapezius muscles are not H‐reflexes
Authors: Vangsgaard Steffen , Nørgaard Lars T. , Madeleine Pascal , Taylor Janet L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We sought to confirm the presence of crossed short‐latency reflexes in trapezius. Methods: Mmax and Hmax were measured in the ipsilateral trapezius in 10 subjects by percutaneous electrical stimulation of the accessory nerve and the cervical nerves of C3/4 respectively. Repeated stimulation of the C3/4 cervical nerves was performed during 3 different tasks (relaxation, contraction of ipsilateral side, contraction of contralateral side). Results: Ipsilaterally, responses increased significantly with an increase in the prestimulus electromyogram (EMG) and decreased significantly with a decrease in prestimulus EMG. Contralateral potentials increased significantly with contraction of the trapezius ipsilateral to the stimulus compared with contraction of the muscle in which they were recorded and decreased significantly with increasing distance from the ipsilateral side. Conclusions: We found ipsilateral and contralateral responses consistent with previous findings. However, we conclude that the contralateral response in trapezius is not a crossed reflex. Muscle Nerve 49:362–369, 2014
Complete Tangent Stiffness for eXtended Finite Element Method by including crack growth parameters
Authors: Mougaard J.F. , Poulsen P.N. , Nielsen L.O. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a useful tool for modeling the growth of discrete cracks in structures made of concrete and other quasi‐brittle and brittle materials. However, in a standard application of XFEM, the tangent stiffness is not complete. This is a result of not including the crack geometry parameters, such as the crack length and the crack direction directly in the virtual work formulation. For efficiency, it is essential to obtain a complete tangent stiffness. A new method in this work is presented to include an incremental form the crack growth parameters on equal terms with the degrees of freedom in the FEM‐equations. The complete tangential stiffness matrix is based on the virtual work together with the constitutive conditions at the crack tip. Introducing the crack growth parameters as direct unknowns, both equilibrium equations and the crack tip criterion can be handled within the same standard nonlinear iterations. This new solution strategy is believed to provide the modeling capabilities to deal with simultaneous growth of several cracks. A cohesive crack modeling is used. The method is applied to a partly cracked XFEM element of linear strain triangle type with the crack length as the unknown crack growth parameter. In this paper, two examples are given. The first example verifies the theory and the implementation. The second example is the benchmark test three point bending test, where the efficiency of the complete tangential behavior is shown. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A solid‐shell corotational element based on ANDES, ANS and EAS for geometrically nonlinear structural analysis
Authors: Mostafa M. , Sivaselvan M.V. , Felippa C.A. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes an eight‐node, assumed strain, solid‐shell, corotational element for geometrically nonlinear structural analysis. The locally linear kinematics of the element is separated into in‐plane (which is further decoupled into membrane and bending), thickness and transverse shear components. This separation allows using any type of membrane quadrilateral formulation for the in‐plane response. Assumed strain fields for the three components are constructed using different approaches. The Assumed Natural Deviatoric Strain approach is used for the in‐plane response, whereas the Assumed Natural Strain approach is used for the thickness and transverse shear components. A strain enhancement based on Enhanced Assumed Strain concepts is also used for the thickness component. The resulting element passes well‐known shell element patch tests and exhibits good performance in a number of challenging benchmark tests. The formulation is extended to the geometric nonlinear regime using an element‐independent corotational approach. Some key properties of the corotational kinematic description are discussed. The element is tested in several well‐known shell benchmarks and compared with other thin‐shell and solid‐shell elements available in the literature, as well as with commercial nonlinear FEM codes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An enhanced cell‐based smoothed finite element method for the analysis of Reissner–Mindlin plate bending problems involving distorted mesh
Authors: Wu C. T. , Wang H. P. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this work, an enhanced cell‐based smoothed finite element method (FEM) is presented for the Reissner–Mindlin plate bending analysis. The smoothed curvature computed by a boundary integral along the boundaries of smoothing cells in original smoothed FEM is reformulated, and the relationship between the original approach and the present method in curvature smoothing is established. To improve the accuracy of shear strain in a distorted mesh, we span the shear strain space over the adjacent element. This is performed by employing an edge‐based smoothing technique through a simple area‐weighted smoothing procedure on MITC4 assumed shear strain field. A three‐field variational principle is utilized to develop the mixed formulation. The resultant element formulation is further reduced to a displacement‐based formulation via an assumed strain method defined by the edge‐smoothing technique. As the result, a new formulation consisting of smoothed curvature and smoothed shear strain interpolated by the standard transverse displacement/rotation fields and smoothing operators can be shown to improve the solution accuracy in cell‐based smoothed FEM for Reissner–Mindlin plate bending analysis. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed formulation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of silicic acid leakage to the tropical Atlantic via Antarctic Intermediate Water during Marine Isotope Stage 4
Authors: Griffiths James D. , Barker Stephen , Hendry Katharine R. , Thornalley David J. R. , van de Flierdt Tina , Hall Ian R. , Anderson Robert F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAntarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) are the main conduits for the supply of dissolved silicon (silicic acid) from the deep Southern Ocean (SO) to the low‐latitude surface ocean and therefore have an important control on low‐latitude diatom productivity. Enhanced supply of silicic acid by AAIW (and SAMW) during glacial periods may have enabled tropical diatoms to outcompete carbonate‐producing phytoplankton, decreasing the relative export of inorganic to organic carbon to the deep ocean and lowering atmospheric pCO2. This mechanism is known as the “silicic acid leakage hypothesis” (SALH). Here we present records of neodymium and silicon isotopes from the western tropical Atlantic that provide the first direct evidence of increased silicic acid leakage from the Southern Ocean to the tropical Atlantic within AAIW during glacial Marine Isotope Stage 4 (~60–70 ka). This leakage was approximately coeval with enhanced diatom export in the NW Atlantic and across the eastern equatorial Atlantic and provides support for the SALH as a contributor to CO2 drawdown during full glacial development.
Evolution of gender options in multiple pregnancy management
Authors: Evans Mark I. , Rosner Mara , Andriole Stephanie , Alkalay Avishai , Gebb Juliana , Britt David W. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal reduction (FR) in multiples dramatically improves outcomes. We prioritize FR decisions for health and historically declined to factor gender. As male preferences apparently diminished, our bioethicist encouraged a re‐evaluation.MethodsThree hundred ninety‐six patients reducing triplets or twins were categorized as 3➔2, 3➔1, and 2➔1, Major (M) anomaly or minor (m) anomaly, same gender (SG), and those for whom gender preference (GP) was possible. Higher order and non chorionic villus sampling were excluded. FR decisions were prioritized by M anomaly, Suspicious, or m anomaly. If neither, we considered GP.ResultsOf 319, 214 (67%) had either M/m or SG. Of those, 3➔2 with gender option: 71/79 chose male and female or had no preferences, one chose male/male, and seven chose female/female. We reduced monochorionic twins in 33/35 3➔1 cases. Of 20 with GP choice, 10 chose male and 10 chose female. Of 162 2➔1, 54 had M or m, 50 were SG, but of the 44 M/F twins, 20 chose male and 24 chose female.ConclusionsThere has been a cultural shift mostly preferring one of each or having no preference. When reducing to one, >50% prefer a girl. In addition to identifying abnormalities, chorionic villus sampling before FR expands patient autonomy. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.