bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Treatment Options of Pterygium: Limbal Sliding Flap Transplantation, Primary Closing, and Amniotic Membrane Grafting
Authors: Kurna Sevda Aydin , Altun Ahmet , Aksu Bahtinur , Kurna Riza , Sengor Tomris 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To compare 3 surgical treatment options of pterygium: limbal sliding flap transplantation, primary closing, and amniotic membrane grafting methods. Methods Seventy-five patients with primary pterygium were included in the study Snellen visual acuity measurement, grading pterygium, slit-lamp examination, keratometry, and anterior segment photography were performed preoperatively. Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients (group 1) underwent limbal-conjunctival sliding flap transplantation, 22 eyes of 22 patients (group 2) underwent amniotic membrane grafting, and 25 eyes of 25 patients (group 3) underwent primary closing surgery The patients were followed up on the first day and the first week after surgery and then at months 1, 3, 6, and 12. Results The mean size of the pterygium preoperatively was 3.58 ± 1.1 mm in group 1, 3.95 ± 0.90 mm in group 2, and 3.5 ± 0.87 mm in group 3. The mean follow-up time was 15.07 ± 13.8 months in group 1, 20.2 ± 6.7 months in group 2, and 28.04 ± 9.9 months in group 3. Grade 4 corneal recurrence rate in follow-up was 7.1% in group 1, 27.3% in group 2, and 56% in group 3 (p = 0.00). Mean recurrence times were 4.0 ± 1.7, 4.4 ± 3.3, and 4.4 ± 3.6 months according to groups 1, 2, and 3 (p = 0.963). After the surgery, corneal astigmatism decreased and keratometric values increased significantly in all the groups with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Limbal-conjunctival sliding flap transplantation is an efficient method to manage primary pterygium. It may be a safe and effective initial treatment option to reduce risk of recurrence and postoperative complications of pterygium surgery.
Podocalyxin Is a Glycoprotein Ligand of the Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Specific Probe rBC2LCN
Authors: Tateno Hiroaki , Matsushima Asako , Hiemori Keiko , Onuma Yasuko , Ito Yuzuru , Hasehira Kayo , Nishimura Ken , Ohtaka Manami , Takayasu Satoko , Nakanishi Mahito , Ikehara Yuzuru , Nakanishi Mio , Ohnuma Kiyoshi , Chan Techuan , Toyoda Masashi , Akutsu Hidenori , Umezawa Akihiro , Asashima Makoto , Hirabayashi Jun 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In comprehensive glycome analysis with a high-density lectin microarray, we have previously shown that the recombinant N-terminal domain of the lectin BC2L-C from Burkholderia cenocepacia (rBC2LCN) binds exclusively to undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells but not to differentiated somatic cells. Here we demonstrate that podocalyxin, a heavily glycosylated type 1 transmembrane protein, is a glycoprotein ligand of rBC2LCN on human iPS cells and ES cells. When analyzed by DNA microarray, podocalyxin was found to be highly expressed in both iPS cells and ES cells. Western and lectin blotting revealed that rBC2LCN binds to podocalyxin with a high molecular weight of more than 240 kDa in undifferentiated iPS cells of six different origins and four ES cell lines, but no binding was observed in either differentiated mouse feeder cells or somatic cells. The specific binding of rBC2LCN to podocalyxin prepared from a large set of iPS cells (138 types) and ES cells (15 types) was also confirmed using a high-throughput antibody-overlay lectin microarray. Alkaline digestion greatly reduced the binding of rBC2LCN to podocalyxin, indicating that the major glycan ligands of rBC2LCN are presented on O-glycans. Furthermore, rBC2LCN was found to exhibit significant affinity to a branched O-glycan comprising an H type 3 structure (Ka, 2.5 × 104 M−1) prepared from human 201B7 iPS cells, indicating that H type 3 is a most probable potential pluripotency marker. We conclude that podocalyxin is a glycoprotein ligand of rBC2LCN on human iPS cells and ES cells.
The Addition of ArSSAr to Alkenes: The Implications of a Cationic Chain Mechanism Initiated by Electrogenerated ArS(ArSSAr)+
Authors: Matsumoto Kouichi , Sanada Tomonari , Shimazaki Hayato , Shimada Kazuaki , Hagiwara Shino , Fujie Shunsuke , Ashikari Yosuke , Suga Seiji , Kashimura Shigenori , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe addition reactions of diaryl disulfides (ArSSAr) to alkenes and alkynes were achieved with a catalytic amount of an arylbis(arylthio)sulfonium ion (ArS(ArSSAr)+), which was generated and accumulated by low‐temperature electrolysis of ArSSAr, to give the corresponding diarylthiolated products. The electrolysis of a mixture of ArSSAr and an alkene with a catalytic amount of electricity was also effective to drive the reactions. A cation chain mechanism mediated by ArS(ArSSAr)+ as a chain carrier is suggested.
Reproductive Parameters of Female Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in the Temperate Forest of Mount Taihangshan, Jiyuan, China
Authors: TIAN JUN‐DONG , WANG ZHEN‐LONG , LU JI‐QI , WANG BAI‐SHI , CHEN JU‐RONG 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe remaining population of Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, approximately 3,000 individuals, is currently confined to the southern region of Mount Taihangshan, northern China. Using data collected from February 2003 to November 2012, we examined female reproductive characteristics in a seasonally food supplemented free‐ranging group of M. m. tcheliensis (Wangwu 1, WW‐1), inhabiting the Taishangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve (TMNNR), Jiyuan, China. We tested a series of predictions regarding the degree to which M. m. tcheliensis is best considered as a “strict income breeder,” a “relaxed income breeder” or a “capital breeder.” This group was comprised 18 adult females who produced 64 infants over the 10‐year study period. In our study group (WW‐1) adult female macaques gave birth to an average of 0.71 ± 0.26 infants per year. Infant mortality was 13.4 ± 19.3%. The age at first birth for mothers was 4.9 ± 0.5 years old. The mean inter‐birth interval (IBI) was 15.4 ± 4.9 months. Based on the fact M. m. tcheliensis is a strictly seasonal breeder (76.6% of births occurred between April and May) with infants born during a time of the year when food availability appears to be high, and that their IBI is intermediate in length compared with other macaque populations, our results suggest that M. m. tcheliensis follows a birth pattern most consistent with a “relaxed income breeder” strategy. Am. J. Primatol. 75:605‐612, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved characterization of the plus fraction for wax precipitation from petroleum fluids
Authors: Wang Wei , Duan Jimiao , Liu Huishu , Zhang Siqi , Gong Jing 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWax formation is a serious problem in the gas and oil industry because it can block oil production facilities and transportation pipelines. It is, therefore, of great importance to have a reliable tool to predict wax formation under various operational conditions. The hydrocarbon plus fractions that comprise a significant portion of naturally occurring hydrocarbon fluids create major problems when determining the thermodynamic properties and the volumetric behavior of these fluids by equations of state. In this work, an effort has been made to further improve the characterization of the plus fraction, splitting the plus fraction into a single carbon number (SCN) and generating the mole fraction, on the basis of the relationship between the three‐parameter gamma distribution, experimental molar fraction, molecular weight, and SCN data obtained from literature and industrial contact. The three‐parameter gamma distribution is used to fit the trend of the computational analysis. The method has been used to predict wax appearance temperatures (WATs) for a great number of systems and to compare with some methods generated previously. The average deviation of the calculated WAT is 1.47 K for the system with the experimental data. There are some correlations generated to calculate the physical–chemical properties as a function of SCN. Those correlations have been originally developed to work with light oil. The developed approach, along with some of the correlations, is tested for calculating WAT to identify the applicability in this work. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fluorescent peptoid pH‐sensor
Authors: Fuller Amelia A. , Holmes Courtney A. , Seidl Frederick J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPeptoids, N‐substituted glycine oligomers, can adopt stable three‐dimensional structures and have found diverse application as peptide surrogates and as nanomaterials. In this report, we have expanded peptoid function to include pH sensing by coupling pH‐induced peptoid conformational changes with fluorescence intensity changes. We report two new peptoids (2 and 3) that comprise carboxylic‐acid functionalized side chains and undergo conformational rearrangement in response to pH. Peptoids 2 and 3 are also labeled at one side‐chain with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, 4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐1,8‐naphthalimide (4DMN). The fluorescence intensity of 2 varies 24‐fold over the pH range studied. These spectroscopic properties make 2 a sensitive, biocompatible pH sensor. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 380–386, 2013.
New insights into the roles of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidogenesis and cytotoxicity
Authors: De Carufel Carole Anne , Nguyen Phuong Trang , Sahnouni Sabrina , Bourgault Steve 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in association with virtually all extracellular protein deposits related to amyloid diseases. Particularly, GAGs were shown to enhance fibrillogenesis of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a peptide hormone whose aggregation is associated with Type‐II diabetes pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanism by which GAGs enhance IAPP amyloidogenesis remains unclear as well as the implications of cell surface GAGs in IAPP‐mediated cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to gain conformational and thermodynamics insights about GAGs‐IAPP interactions as a function of IAPP protonation state and buffer ionic strength as well as to explore the roles of cell surface GAGs in IAPP cytotoxicity. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that protonation of residue His18 increases the binding affinity of IAPP towards heparin and, in turn, strongly stimulates fibrillogenesis. Interaction of IAPP with heparin induces a random coil to helix conformational conversion and the helical intermediates could be on‐pathway to amyloid fibrils formation. Using rat beta‐cells INS‐1 that were enzymatically treated with GAG lyases and a CHO cell line that is deficient in the biosynthesis of GAGs, we observed that the lack of GAGs at the plasma membrane does not prevent IAPP‐induced toxicity, whereas the presence of soluble heparin in the cell media inhibits IAPP cytotoxicity. Overall, this study reinforces the postulate that sulfated GAGs are actively implicated in IAPP amyloidogenic process in vivo, where they could play a protective role by interacting with cytotoxic species and converting them into less culprit amyloid fibrils. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 645–655, 2013.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization Transfer to 19F in Perfluorocarbons for 19F NMR Spectroscopy and MRI
Authors: Plaumann Markus , Bommerich Ute , Trantzschel Thomas , Lego Denise , Dillenberger Sonja , Sauer Grit , Bargon Joachim , Buntkowsky Gerd , Bernarding Johannes 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFluorinated substances are important in chemistry, industry, and the life sciences. In a new approach, parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) is applied to enhance 19F MR signals of (perfluoro‐n‐hexyl)ethene and (perfluoro‐n‐hexyl)ethane. Unexpectedly, the end‐standing CF3 group exhibits the highest amount of polarization despite the negligible coupling to the added protons. To clarify this non‐intuitive distribution of polarization, signal enhancements in deuterated chloroform and acetone were compared and 19F–19F NOESY spectra, as well as 19F T1 values were measured by NMR spectroscopy. By using the well separated and enhanced signal of the CF3 group, first 19F MR images of hyperpolarized linear semifluorinated alkenes were recorded.
Examination of the Degreasing of Metal Surfaces by the Use of a Plasma Torch
Authors: Burm K.T.A.L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMetal surfaces can be degreased via a combustion reaction upon the metal surface by the use of a plasma torch jet. The required energy and the reaction rate of the combustion reaction are examined here. It turns out that the reaction rate can limit the cleaning performance. In such case, the cleaning performance is not improved at higher powers. It is suggested to increase the temperature at which combustion takes place such that the cleaning performance can improve again at higher powers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model for the Error Field Effect on Resistive Wall Modes
Authors: Miron I. G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA semianalytic multimode model that includes the instantaneous influence of a static error field on the resistive wall mode (RWM) is presented. The asymptotic behavior of the RWM as the marginal stability is approached, including the influence of the error field, is discussed. The influence of neighboring modes on the central harmonic modes is explored, allowing a less destabilizing error field spectrum to be proposed. The model has been applied to a plasma surrounded by a HBT‐EP tokamak type feedback system. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fish (Spinibarbus hollandi) dynamics in relation to changing hydrological conditions: physical modelling, individual‐based numerical modelling, and case study
Authors: Han Rui , Chen Qiuwen , Blanckaert Koen , Li Weiming , Li Ruonan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper reports the development of an individual‐based fish dynamics model, of which the key components are the rules for the movement of individual fish and the definition of the habitat suitability. The distribution of the fish mainly depends on the flow conditions (velocity, depth, substrate) and life cycle of the fish. A major contribution is the refinement of the rules for fish movement, based on laboratory experiments under volitional swimming conditions, which also provided the ranges of preferential velocities and substrate size for the target fish, Spinibarbus hollandi. Moreover, they provided data on the fish trajectories and distribution patterns that allowed for validation of the movement rules. The validated fish dynamics model was applied to investigate the effect of discharge increase during the dry season by means of reservoir operation in the Lijiang River, which was the subject of field investigations in 2007 and 2008. The model results indicated that reservoir operation leads to an increase of fish biomass. According to the fish movement rules, fish cannot always escape from riverbed regions that dry during decreasing discharge events, which causes them to be trapped and die. Reservoir operation decreases the area of dry riverbed and reduces the travel distance for fish to escape from dry regions. Critical advantages of the individual fish model over global models defined on the population level are that they can account for the time that the fish needs to reach a region of suitable habitat and for the spatial pattern of suitable zones and their connectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust 2D shallow water model for solving flow over complex topography using homogenous flux method
Authors: Guan M. , Wright N.G. , Sleigh P.A. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA robust Godunov‐type numerical scheme solver is proposed for solving 2D SWEs and is applied to simulate flow over complex topography with wetting and drying. In reality, the topography is usually complex and irregular; therefore, to avoid the numerical errors generated by such features, a Homogenous Flux Method is used to handle the bed slope term in the SWEs. The method treats the bed slope term as a flux to be incorporated into the flux gradient and so maintains the balance between the two in a Godunov‐type shock‐capturing scheme. The main advantages of the method are: first, it is simple and easy to implement; second, numerical experiments demonstrate that it can handle discontinuous or vertical bed topography without any special treatment and third, it is applicable to both steady and unsteady flows. It is demonstrated how the approach set out here can be applied to the nonlinear hyperbolic system of the SWEs. The two‐dimensional hyperbolic system is then solved by use of a second‐order total‐variation‐diminishing version of the weighted average flux method in conjunction with a Harten‐Lax‐van Leer‐Contract approximate Riemann solver incorporating the new flux gradient term. Several benchmark tests are presented to validate the model and the approach is verified against experimental measurements from the European Union Concerted Action on Dam Break Modelling project. These show very good agreement. Finally, the method is applied to a volcano‐induced outburst flood over an initially dry channel with complex irregular topography to demonstrate the technique's capability in simulating a real flood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of CO2 hydrate formation on seismic wave velocities of fine‐grained sediments
Authors: Kim Hak‐Sung , Cho Gye‐Chun , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examines the effect of gas hydrate formation on seismic wave velocities of fine‐grained sediments. Synthesis of gas hydrates in fine‐grained sediments has proved to be challenging, and how hydrate formation would affect the seismic wave velocities and stiffness of clay‐rich sediments has not yet been fully understood. In this study, CO2 hydrate was synthesized in remolded and partially water‐saturated clayey silt sediments that were originally cored from a hydrate occurrence region in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, offshore Korea. After achieving excess water conditions, compressional wave and shear wave velocities were measured for different hydrate saturations and under different vertical effective stresses. The results reveal that the compressional wave velocity VP and shear wave velocity VS increase, and the stress‐dependency of VP and VS decreases as the hydrate saturation SH increases from 0% to ~60%. In particular, the VS‐SH trend lies between the grain‐cementing model and the load‐bearing model, suggesting that gas hydrate formation in clayey silt sediments causes weak cementation from a hydrate saturation less than ~28%. The weak cementation in fine‐grained sediments can be explained by the breakage of hydrate bonds that are cementing grains during sediment compression and/or the innate weakness in bonding between hydrate crystals and fine mineral grains owing to the presence of unfrozen water films on clay mineral surfaces. In addition, it is found that at low SH, the cementation effect on VP is masked by the high stiffness of pore‐filling phases, but it becomes pronounced at SH greater than 47%.
Global modes of climate variability
Authors: de Viron O. , Dickey J. O. , Ghil M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe atmosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere form a fully coupled climate system. This system exhibits a number of large‒scale phenomena, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Asian Monsoon, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Madden‒Julian Oscillation. While these modes of variability are not exactly periodic, they are oscillatory in character, and their state is monitored using so‒called climate indices. Each of these scalar indices is a combination of several climate variables. Here we use a comprehensive set of 25 climate indices for time intervals that range between 1948 and 2011 and estimate an optimal set of lags between these indices to maximize their correlation. We show that most of the index pairs drawn from this set present a significant correlation on interannual time scales. It is also shown that on average, about two thirds of the total variability in each index can be described by using only the four leading principal components of the entire set of lagged indices. Our index set's leading orthogonal modes exhibit several interannual frequencies and capture separately variability associated with the North Atlantic and the North Pacific. These modes are associated, in turn, with large‒scale variations of sea surface temperatures.
Kawasaki disease and ENSO‐driven wind circulation
Authors: Ballester Joan , Burns Jane C. , Cayan Dan , Nakamura Yosikazu , Uehara Ritei , Rodó Xavier 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children worldwide. Recently, a climatological study suggested that KD may be triggered by a windborne agent traveling across the north Pacific through the westerly wind flow prevailing at midlatitudes. Here we use KD records to describe the association between enhanced disease activity on opposite sides of the basin and different phases of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, via the linkage to these tropospheric winds. Results show that years with higher‐than‐normal KD cases in Japan preferentially occur during either El Niño Modoki or La Niña conditions, while in San Diego during the mature phase of El Niño or La Niña events. Given that ENSO offers a degree of predictability at lead times of 6 months, these modulations suggest that seasonal predictions of KD could be used to alert clinicians to periods of increased disease activity.
Hospitalist experiences, practice, opinions, and knowledge regarding peripherally inserted central catheters: A Michigan survey
Authors: Chopra Vineet , Kuhn Latoya , Coffey Charles E. , Salameh Mohammad , Barron Jim , Krein Sarah , Flanders Scott A. , Saint Sanjay 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly inserted during hospitalization for a variety of clinical indications.OBJECTIVETo understand hospitalist experience, practice, knowledge, and opinions as they relate to PICCs.DESIGN AND SETTINGWeb‐based survey of hospitalists in 5 healthcare systems (representing a total of 10 hospitals) across Michigan.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 63% (227 hospitalists received invitations; 144 responded). Compared with central venous catheters, hospitalists felt that PICCs were safer to insert (81%) and preferred by patients (74%). Although 84% of respondents reported that placing a PICC solely to obtain venous access was appropriate, 47% also indicated that 10%–25% of PICCs inserted in their hospitals might represent inappropriate placement. Hospitalist knowledge regarding PICC‐related venous thromboembolism was poor, with only 4% recognizing that PICC‐tip verification was performed principally to prevent thrombosis. Furthermore, several potential practice‐related concerns were identified: one‐third of hospitalists indicated that they never examine PICCs for externally evident problems, such as exit‐site infection; 48% responded that once inserted, they did not remove PICCs until a patient was ready for discharge; and 51% admitted that, at least once, they had “forgotten” that their patient had a PICC.CONCLUSIONSHospitalist experiences, practice, opinions, and knowledge related to PICCs appear to be variable. Because PICC use is growing and is often associated with complications, examining the impact of such variation is necessary. Hospitals and health systems should consider developing and implementing mechanisms to monitor PICC use and adverse events. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:309–314. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine.