bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Permits Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Secretion of Bioactive IL-1β via a Caspase-1–Independent Mechanism
Authors: Stammler Dominik , Eigenbrod Tatjana , Menz Sarah , Frick Julia S. , Sweet Matthew J. , Shakespear Melanie R. , Jantsch Jonathan , Siegert Isabel , Wölfle Sabine , Langer Julian D. , Oehme Ina , Schaefer Liliana , Fischer Andre , Knievel Judith , Heeg Klaus , Dalpke Alexander H. , Bode Konrad A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) are clinically approved anticancer drugs that have important immune-modulatory properties. We report the surprising finding that HDACi promote LPS-induced IL-1β processing and secretion in human and murine dendritic cells and murine macrophages. HDACi/LPS-induced IL-1β maturation and secretion kinetics differed completely from those observed upon inflammasome activation. Moreover, this pathway of IL-1β secretion was dependent on caspase-8 but was independent of the inflammasome components NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxyl-terminal caspase-recruitment domain, and caspase-1. Genetic studies excluded HDAC6 and HDAC10 as relevant HDAC targets in this pathway, whereas pharmacological inhibitor studies implicated the involvement of HDAC11. Treatment of mice with HDACi in a dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis model resulted in a strong increase in intestinal IL-1β, confirming that this pathway is also operative in vivo. Thus, in addition to the conventional inflammasome-dependent IL-1β cleavage pathway, dendritic cells and macrophages are capable of generating, secreting, and processing bioactive IL-1β by a novel, caspase-8–dependent mechanism. Given the widespread interest in the therapeutic targeting of IL-1β, as well as the use of HDACi for anti-inflammatory applications, these findings have substantial clinical implications.
La comunicación en la red de pacientes con enfermedades raras en España
Authors: Castillo Esparcia Antonio , López Villafranca Paloma , Carretón Ballester Carmen 
Published: November 2015

Este estudio se centra en la estrategia de comunicación de las organizaciones de pacientes con enfermedades raras en internet. Objetivo: Analizar la utilización de las herramientas de comunicación en internet. Métodos: Se examinaron 143 organizaciones de pacientes nacionales. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de cada una de las webs de las organizaciones, redes sociales y blogs. Y se han llevado a cabo encuestas telefónicas a 90 organizaciones con las que se contactó, el 63% del total. Resultados: El 84% de las web está gestionada por miembros de las organizaciones sin formación específica y el 16% por profesionales. Se dirigen en la misma proporción a pacientes y allegados que al resto de la población, pero no utilizan herramientas que les permitan una comunicación más fluida. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de contar con personal especializado y con espacios habilitados en la red para comunicarse con el resto de la población.
The Relationship between Health and Schooling: What's New?
Authors: Grossman Michael 
Published: November 2015

Many studies suggest that years of formal schooling completed is the most important correlate of good health. There is much less consensus as to whether this correlation reflects causality from more schooling to better health. The relationship may be traced in part to reverse causality and may also reflect “omitted third variables” that cause health and schooling to vary in the same direction. The past five years (2010-2014) have witnessed the development of a large literature focusing on the issue just raised. I deal with that literature and what can be learned from it in this paper. Published: Online October 2015. In print December 2015.
Chronic High-Fat Feeding Affects the Mesenchymal Cell Population Expanded From Adipose Tissue but Not Cardiac Atria
Authors: Perbellini Filippo , Gomes Renata S.M. , Vieira Silvia , Buchanan Dougal , Malandraki-Miller Sophia , Bruyneel Arne A.N. , Sousa Fialho Maria da Luz , Ball Vicky , Clarke Kieran , Faggian Giuseppe , Carr Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising approach to the treatment of myocardial infarction and prevention of heart failure. However, in the clinic, cells will be isolated from patients who may be suffering from comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes, which are known to adversely affect progenitor cells. Here we determined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on mesenchymal stem cells from cardiac and adipose tissues. Mice were fed a HFD for 4 months, after which cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were cultured from atrial tissue and adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ADMSCs) were isolated from epididymal fat depots. HFD raised body weight, fasted plasma glucose, lactate, and insulin. Ventricle and liver tissue of HFD-fed mice showed protein changes associated with an early type 2 diabetic phenotype. At early passages, more ADMSCs were obtained from HFD-fed mice than from chow-fed mice, whereas CDC number was not affected by HFD. Migratory and clonogenic capacity and release of vascular endothelial growth factor did not differ between cells from HFD- and chow-fed animals. CDCs from chow-fed and HFD-fed mice showed no differences in surface marker expression, whereas ADMSCs from HFD-fed mice contained more cells positive for CD105, DDR2, and CD45, suggesting a high component of endothelial, fibroblast, and hematopoietic cells. Both Noggin and transforming growth factor β-supplemented medium induced an early stage of differentiation in CDCs toward the cardiomyocyte phenotype. Thus, although chronic high-fat feeding increased the number of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells within the ADMSC population, it left cardiac progenitor cells largely unaffected.

Significance
Mesenchymal cells are a promising candidate cell source for restoring lost tissue and thereby preventing heart failure. In the clinic, cells are isolated from patients who may be suffering from comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. This study examined the effect of a high-fat diet on mesenchymal cells from cardiac and adipose tissues. It was demonstrated that a high-fat diet did not affect cardiac progenitor cells but increased the number of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells within the adipose-derived mesenchymal cell population.
Management of Lower Lid Entropion by Adjustable Sutures: Sam's Procedure
Authors: Irfan Sameera , Iqbal Haris 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: There are many surgical techniques to correct involutional entropion, but they lead to either overcorrection or recurrence. A new surgical technique is described here that takes care of both of these problems. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study done at an oculoplastic unit, 25 consecutive cases of involutional entropion with no remarkable horizontal lid laxity were included. There were 16 primary cases and 9 recurrent. The mean age of patients was 67.5 ± 7.4 years (SD) with a range of 56–78 years. All were operated by a single surgeon (S.I.) using the procedure described here. They were followed up at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. The position of the lower lid was recorded at each visit. Under local anesthetic infiltration, skin incision was made 4 mm below the lash line, extending from the lower punctum to the lateral canthus. The orbicularis muscle was split; the inferior orbital septum was divided to expose the lower lid retractor complex. It was opposed to the lower border of the tarsal plate by two 6–0 Vicryl sutures tied in slipknots which were kept outside the skin wound. The skin was closed with a continuous Vicryl suture. The next morning, if any overcorrection was noted, the knots were opened, the patient was asked to look up, and the lid was gently massaged upwards; this loosened the sutures and the overcorrection was undone. The sutures were tied and the ends cut short. Results: Of 25 cases, 9 (36%) needed loosening of sutures to correct slight overcorrection. On repeat follow-up, none of the patients developed recurrence or overcorrection. Conclusions: This is a simple technique that is easy to learn and avoids recurrence and overcorrection.
Periorbital Fat Grafting and its Effect on Upper Eyelid Height
Authors: Joseph Jeffrey M. , Lissauer Boaz J. , Kornstein Andrew N. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Recently there has been an evolving paradigm shift toward the treatment of facial volume loss either alone or in conjunction with more traditional modalities. Although volume augmentation is commonly used in rejuvenation of the upper orbital sulcus and brow, the effect on the upper eyelid has not yet been documented. This article describes one clinician's experience (A.N.K.) with autologous fat grafting to the upper orbital sulcus and the effect on upper eyelid position. Materials and Methods: After a detailed clinical evaluation of the periorbital region including overall facial aging, brow position, and eyelid laxity, 7 patients underwent autologous fat transfer to the periorbital region. Comparison of photos taken before and after the procedure showed a clear increase in the upper eyelid height. Results: All 7 patients described in this study demonstrated objective increase in upper lid height after periorbital autologous fat transfer, ranging from 0.41 mm to 2.08 mm, with a mean of 1.00 mm. Discussion: Periocular volume augmentation and its effect on lower eyelid position have been described previously. An attempt to alter upper eyelid height with volume augmentation directly to the upper eyelid has also been described recently. However, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of volume augmentation to the periorbital region affecting upper eyelid position in this manner. The clinical application of this observational data is not yet clear. However, the potential exists for extension of this modality to upper eyelid malposition such as ptosis.
Calf Augmentation: A Single Institution Review of over 200 Cases
Authors: Chugay Paul N. , Chugay Nikolas V. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Over the past several decades, there has been increased interest in creating a fuller-appearing and more well-defined calf region. The primary method for augmentation is use of a semirigid silicone prosthesis as it produces reliable results and an aesthetically pleasing calf contour. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patient charts was performed to identify patients who had undergone calf augmentation from 2007 through 2011. The charts were reviewed for patient satisfaction, size of implant, and observed complications. Results: A total of 202 calf augmentations were performed over the 5 years studied. The overall satisfaction rate was 92.1% (186/202). Patients who were unsatisfied with the procedure were primarily dissatisfied with the amount of augmentation achieved or by hypertrophic scarring. Conclusions: Calf augmentation is a procedure that can nicely enhance the physique in a reliable fashion. The overall satisfaction rate is excellent as long as care is taken to ensure that the right implant is chosen to meet the patient's expectations, that meticulous attention is paid to dissection of the pocket to minimize implant migration, and that a layered closure is used to minimize hypertrophic scarring.
Use of Topical Antibacterial and Steroid Ophthalmic Ointment after Transconjunctival Lower-Lid Blepharoplasty for Prevention of Chemosis
Authors: Patel Riddhi , Geroulis Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The transconjunctival approach for lower-lid blepharoplasty has gained increased attention because lower complication rates have been reported than for the transcutaneous approach. However, chemosis, or conjuncti-val edema, may still occur in patients postoperatively. Our study aims to review the rates of postoperative chemosis, and analyze how use of a topical antibiotic- and steroid-containing ophthalmic ointment affects those rates. Materials and Methods: The charts of 100 patients who underwent transconjunctival lower-lid blepharoplasties by one surgeon were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The rate of postoperative chemosis was compared between patients who had routine postoperative administration of topical antibiotic and steroid ophthalmic ointment and those who had not. Results: Of the patients received postoperative steroid and antibiotic ophthalmic ointment, 29% developed postoperative chemosis, compared with 30% of patients who did not receive the treatment. Concurrent upper-lid blepharoplasty increased the rate of postoperative chemosis across all patients (OR 3.0; P= .017). Conclusions: Although many surgeons routinely use ophthalmic solutions and ointments with antibiotics and/or steroids after a transconjunctival approach, very little data support this practice. Our study demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the rate of postoperative chemosis when such agents are used routinely after transconjunctival lower-lid blepharoplasty.
Evaluation of Cryolipolysis for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction
Authors: Kotlus Brett S. , Mok Charles 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Cold-induced adipocyte injury or “cryolipolysis” is a noninvasive means of subcutaneous fat reduction. We review a series of 192 cryolipolysis treatments in 59 patients. Materials and Methods: Ultrasound measurements were used to determine the change in subcutaneous thickness before treatment and 2 months after treatment. Results: An average thickness reduction of 25.2% was seen after a single treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that cryolipolysis is an effective method of noninvasive body contouring.
Role of Tisseel Fibrin Sealant on Postoperative Seroma and Hematoma Rates in Rhytidectomy Patients
Authors: Hearne Jennifer , Kennedy Brent , Diepenbrock Ryan 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Rhytidectomy has become a popular procedure for the surgical treatment of the aging face and facial rhytids. Advances in autogenous, allogenic, xenographic, and synthetic sealant and hemostatic agents, working on multiple locations of the clotting cascade, are used by various specialties. Tisseel, a fibrin sealant (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Westlake Village, Calif), can be categorized as a hemostat and sealant agent. In the rhytidectomy literature, the use of the allogenic product Tisseel has been reported to lead to superior results with fewer complications when compared with traditional suturing techniques and meticulous intraoperative hemostasis. The ability of this fibrin sealant to reduce the rate of postoperative fluid collections, such as hematoma and seroma, is currently under investigation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Patients from 2 medical centers were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 served as the control, in which biplane rhytidectomy procedures were completed with no fibrin sealant. In group 2, the experimental group, the fibrin sealant agent was used during the rhytidectomy procedures. In the experimental group, all patients underwent a biplane rhytidectomy procedure with 2 mL of fibrin sealant applied directly under the surgical flap to the subcutaneous surfaces. The effect of each treatment on the postoperative rate of formation of seromas and hematomas was assessed and recorded within a 3-day period after the surgery. Results: The difference in the rate of postoperative seroma or hematoma development in the control group versus the experimental group was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: The use of fibrin sealant can complement good surgical hemostatic technique, but the material cannot be relied on to reduce postoperative rates of hematomas and seromas after rhytidectomy procedures.
The Management of Filler Nodules
Authors: Amore Roberto , Rauso Raffaele , Dayan Steven , Curinga Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Nonpermanent fillers are currently some of the most widely used treatments in medical aesthetics. Notwithstanding safety approval by the competent authorities, adverse effects can occur and have a tendency to be underestimated. Nodules are a particularly alarming event and not uncommon. Through the evaluation of articles in the literature and personal/professional practice, this study aims to provide guidelines for the prevention and therapeutic algorithm regarding the management of the nodules. Materials and Methods: We assessed 458 articles found in the literature and 1954 treatments performed over 36 months on 357 patients with 34 different devices. Results: The nodular lesions occurred in 2.6% of the cases, with a highly variable percentage depending on the device used. The main factors associated with these lesions were the type of device used, sun exposure, and weight loss. The occurrence of the nodules was doubled: in 45% of cases with acute inflammation and in 55% of cases with hardening of the implant. The therapeutic protocol used has significantly reduced the extent and duration of nodular lesions, ameliorating the prognosis. Conclusions: Work reported in the literature and through personal experience supports the spectrum of etiologies and a multifactorial pathogenesis: granulomatous reactions occur as a reaction to a foreign body caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The course of treatment should correspond to the type of onset. The treatment for acute inflammation should be based on fluoroquinolones, oral prednisolone, hyaluronidase, and intralesional lincomycin. Hardening of the implant should be treated with 5-fluorouracil, hyaluronidase, suction, and drainage. Although the etiology is not recognized and pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet well understood, clinical evidence guides treatment. The guidelines for the prevention and treatment proposed by this study can be of great help to the practitioner for the management of adverse events.
Total Face Rejuvenation: Simultaneous 3-Plane Surgical Approach Combined with Ablative Laser Resurfacing
Authors: Chen Achih H. , Becker Adam M. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Among the public, the gold standard in facial rejuvenation surgery is often thought of as face-lift surgery or rhytidectomy; however, a lifting and tightening procedure more optimally treats the jawline and neck by smoothing the jowls and addressing the submental waddle. In the middle third of the face, a lifting or tightening procedure may result in widening and flattening of the mid-face, producing an unnatural, pulled appearance. Volume restoration in the mid-face region often creates a more natural-appearing rejuvenation by reversing the deflation of the facial middle third that has occurred over time. While rhytidectomy and volume restoration create excellent results, the aging of the facial skin through extrinsic factors such as sun exposure or tobacco use remains untreated. Consequently, for a more complete facial rejuvenation, ablative laser resurfacing may be added to address fine facial lines and pigment irregularities to smooth the overlying skin texture. More complete facial rejuvenation may be achieved through combined rhytidectomy, mid-face volume restoration, and full-face ablative laser resurfacing performed concomitantly. Although there seem to be inherent risks of simultaneous laser resurfacing and rhytidectomy, previous studies have demonstrated the safety in these combined procedures. To achieve a more complete facial rejuvenation, a third plane of surgical dissection may be performed to restore mid-face volume through a subperiosteal approach; however, the inherent risks of laser resurfacing in patients undergoing a triplanar procedure, including subcutaneous, sub–superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and subperiosteal dissection have not been previously established in the literature. The objective is to evaluate the safety of combined extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face implant placement, and full-face erbium:YAG resurfacing. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing combined extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face augmentation, and full-face erbium:YAG laser resurfacing by a single surgeon was conducted. Demographic data, surgical complications, and associated factors were recorded. Results: Twenty-one patients were identified. All were female and aged from 58 to 71 years. There were no cases of flap necrosis or slough. There was 1 case of hematoma that resolved with conservative management. One patient with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had an implant infection. She was found to have malabsorption of her antibiotics, which immediately resolved once her antibiotics were crushed. Epithelization occurred within 10 days, and all patients were able to wear makeup after 10 days. It is important to note that none of these complications are felt to be the result of combining the procedures. Conclusions: Simultaneous extended-SMAS rhytidectomy, mid-face augmentation, and full-face erbium:YAG resurfacing is a safe and effective strategy in providing facial rejuvenation.
Transient Sixth Nerve Palsy and Mydriasis following a Temporal Sculptra Aesthetic (Poly-(L)-Lactic Acid) Injection: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abugo Usiwoma , Rostami Soheila 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Intraocular side effects of Sculptra Aesthetic (poly-(L)-lactic acid) (PLLA) (Dermik, Bridgewater, NJ, a subsidiary of Aventis Pharmaceuticals International Inc), dermal filler have been rare. The authors seek to describe the first case of a transient sixth nerve palsy and mydriasis secondary to extraorbital PLLA filler injection and to present hypotheses explaining the complications. Materials and Methods: A case report is presented that details a complication suffered by 1 patient during a temporal PLLA injection. A thorough review of the literature was performed. The literature was evaluated with respect to the number of patients, complications, and outcomes secondary to PLLA injections. Results: In the literature, there were 3 reported cases of ocular symptoms following a PLLA injection. The findings ranged from posterior ciliary artery occlusion to orbital infarction and blindness. In our case, we propose that the PLLA accessed the orbit by leakage through the temporal orbit due to the mechanism of injection combined with an increased porosity secondary to osteopenia. Conclusions: A large majority of the patients who seek a cosmetic result that can be gained by fillers are postmenopausal women. This population is characteristically affected by osteopenia and osteoporosis. For patients similar to ours, with osteopenia or osteoporosis, extra care must be taken when injecting the temporal area secondary to its various areas of susceptibility caused by decreased density. Because of the increased use of PLLA as a dermal filler, it would be prudent to include an eye exam as part of the pretreatment and posttreatment care plan.