bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of macular edema following single versus 4 session pattern scanning laser panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: PALLOT C , KOEHRER P , ISAICO R , KODJIKIAN L , MASSIN P , JONVAL L , BERTAUX AC , D'ATHIS P , BRON AM , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to investigate a change in macular thickness 9 months after single versus 4 sessions of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) performed with Pattern Scanning Laser (PSL) in diabetic patients and to make a medico‐economic assessment.Methods This prospective, multicenter, randomized trial enrolled patients in 2 arms: single session PRP (group A) and 4 session PRP (group B) between October 2011 and October 2013. Patients had non proliferative severe diabetic retinopathy or proliferative non complicated diabetic retinopathy. The primary endpoint was the difference in macular central retinal thickness (CRT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) at 9 months. CRT with SD‐OCT, ETDRS visual acuity (VA), pain with Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), were recorded at baseline, 7 days, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. A medico‐economic assessment was also performed.Results 26 eyes of 26 patients were included. On inclusion, the median CRT was 258 [240‐294] µm in group A and 282 [261‐292] µm in group B (p=0.06), the median VA was 84 [76‐88] letters in group A and 83 [75‐90] letters in group B (p=0.94). At M9, the median CRT was 281 [245‐322] µm in group A and 301[278‐313] µm in group B (p=0.34). At M9, the median VA was 84 [70‐91] letters in group A and 85 [74‐85] letters in group B (0.58). The median VAS value was 3.5 [2.0‐5.0] in in group A and 3.5 [1.0‐7.0] for all sessions in group B. The medico‐economic assessment was in favor of the single session protocol.Conclusion Single session PSL‐PRP seems to be a possible, well tolerated protocol for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Visual deprivation: mechanism and practical applications
Authors: BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMaturation of the visual system is incomplete at birth. Visual deprivation mechanism, amblyopia, or ocular misalignment, leads to abnormalities in visual development, including abnormal eyeball growth and neurological changes. The current knowledge on ocular conditions related to abnormal visual development in infants, includes prevalence, risk factors, causes, and mechanisms involved. The role of eyeball growth with pathologic mechanism of visual deprivation and development of amblyopia in infants appears essential to be analyzed. Particular developmental issues in preterm neonates, methods of visual assessment and screening, diagnosis, treatment, and nutritional issues will be discussed. Visual deprivation mechanism, amblyopia, or ocular misalignment, leads to abnormalities in visual development, including abnormal eyeball growth and neurological changes. Abnormal visual input can lead to abnormalities in visual development, which can become permanent visual impairment if left untreated. Reduce the risk of abnormal visual development and prevent long‐term or permanent visual deficits needs an early screening and a better understanding of the complex impairment mechanisms.
Vascularized vitreous seeding regression following systemic and intravitrealchemotherapy for advanced "late" retinoblastoma
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU T , DE FRANCESCO S , BORRI M , MICHELI L , GALIMBERTI D , CAINI M , GALLUZZI P , MENICACCI F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report the regression of vascularized vitreous seeding in advanced "late" retinoblastomaMethods Case report 8 year old girl with bilateral disease. The affected eye was the left eye (group D ‐ABC classification‐ and group VB ‐Reese Classification‐) while the right eye presented two peripheral retinomas.Results Complete remission of the massive vascularized vitreous seeding was achieved and multiple retinal tumors regressed following six cycles of systemic chemotherapy (three drugs‐carboplatin etoposide and vincristine) and four intravitreal injections with Melphalan (20 micrograms). Retinal tumors presented type I regression (calcified tumors) while massive vitreous seeding was replaced by spidernet fibrotic formations.Conclusion This case highlights the successful combination of three‐drugs systemic chemotherapy with intravitreal melphalan in advanced "late" retinoblastoma presenting with vascularized vitreous seeding and multiple retinal tumors.
FRO 2014: The pathophysiologic role of SNORD115 and SNORD116 in late‐onset Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: DE ROO A , FOETS B , VAN DEN OORD J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis project aims to investigate the pathophysiologic role of SNORD115 and SNORD116 in late‐onset Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Whole‐genome microarray expression analyses showed downregulation of several small nucleolar RNAs in CEn of FECD patients. Two of these, SNORD115 and SNORD116, regulate pre‐mRNA editing and alternative splicing of serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C), and play a role in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). Since the serotonin receptor 2C may regulate transport of fluids across the CEn, we will investigate whether the downregulation of these snoRNAs plays a similar role in FECD as it does in PWS. To this end, we will determine the expression of different splice variants of HTR2C in FECD versus normal controls. Furthermore, we will study the effect of SNORD115 and SNORD116 knockdown and 5‐HT‐2C receptor blockage in immortalised human corneal endothelial cells.
FRO 2014: Potential implications of epigenetic changes in human retinal pigmented epithelium during diabetic retinopathy
Authors: SALIK D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness. Prevention of DR is mainly based on control glycaemia however in vivo and in vitro evidences demonstrate that vascular complications can occur despite adequate glycemic control due to a process called “metabolic memory”. One of the very new hypothesis to explain the metabolic memory involves epigenetic modifications that prevent retinal cells from returning to their physiological status even when the exposure to stimuli has ceased. Our goal is to study in vitro the egigenic modifications of human retinal pigment epithelium ( hRPE) in response to glucose in order to identify new therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy. Studies of the epigenetic field, represents an original new approach with consistent and applicable methodology to investigate these mechanisms.
PGE2 and PGF2a stimulation of porcine retinal arterioles in vitro is associated with Ca2+ activity in retinal perivascular cells
Authors: KUDRYAVTSEVA O , BEK T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Disturbances in the regulation of retinal blood flow are a hallmark of vision threatening diseases. Retinal blood flow is controlled by autoregulation, which involves Ca2+ activity in a recently identified population of perivascular cells with pericyte characteristics (PVCs). The purpose of the study was to identify the sources of Ca2+ recruitment in these PVCs during stimulation of porcine retinal arterioles in vitro with PGE2 and PGF2a.Methods Porcine retinal arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue were mounted in a confocal myograph, placed in a confocal microscope and loaded with Oregon Green. After addition of PGE2 (10‐5 M) or PGF2a (10‐5 M) arteriolar tone and fluorescence from PVCs were recorded simultaneously in the absence and in the presence of Ca2+ channel blockers (ryanodine, nifedipine, LOE908, CPA, 2‐APB).Results PGE2 induced significant relaxation of preconstricted retinal arterioles and Ca2+ activity in PVCs. The percentage of active PVCs, and the number but not the amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations were significantly reduced by CPA and 2‐APB, but not by ryanodine, nifedipine and LOE908. PGF2acaused arteriolar contraction and the percentage of active PVCs, the number and the amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations were significantly reduced by CPA and 2‐APB.Conclusion Ca2+ activity in PVCs accompanies porcine retinal arterioles responses to PGE2 and PGF2aSarcoplasmic reticulum and inositol triphosphate receptors are important sources of this Ca2+ activity. The amplitude of Ca2+ oscillations seems to play a particular role in contraction of retinal arterioles.
The evidence: the role of antibiotics in intravitreal injections
Authors: LAM W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe current management of many retinal conditions, including age related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusion, and diabetic macular edema is not curative and requires prolonged monthly intravitreal injections. The most severe complication of this procedure is endophthalmitis and accordingly, more than two thirds of retinal specialists reported the use of topical antibiotics post‐ injection in a recent survey. However, there is a lack of evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of topical antibiotics in reducing the risk of post‐injection endophthalmitis. We reported a large, multicentre, retrospective consecutive case series, the incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections in association with different post‐injection antibiotic practices. We found that the omission of routine topical antibiotic post‐injection did not produce a pronounced increase in endophthalmitis rates, suggesting that the use of topical antibiotic post‐injection might be unnecessary. In fact, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, both immediately after the injection and for five days post‐injection is associated with greater rates of endophthalmitis, than without antibiotics.
Dynamics of Big Bubble (BB) formation in DALK: in vitro studies
Authors: ELALFY M , FARAJ LANA , SAID DG , KATAMISH T , DUA H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Dua’s layer (DL) has considerable relevance to DALK procedure and the hitherto clinically observed but unexplained formation of Types 1, 2 and mixed BB. In this study we explored the dynamics of the formation of different types of BBMethods 50 human sclerocorneal discs were injected with air under BSS and recorded. Videos were studied for leakage of air and formation of BB. Height and diameter of BB were measured. Specimens were subjected to electron microscopy and immunohistology for collagens & matricellular proteins. Age ranged from 3wk‐80yrResults Air injected in the cornea preferentially reached the limbus and moved circumferentially in a clockwise & anticlockwise direction as bands of 2‐3mm till they met, irrespective of direction of needle tip. The air then migrated centripetally to fill the stroma. Air leaked from the TM area at one or more points. Small bubbles formed in the centre and coalesced into a Type‐1BB. This rapidly expanded to attain a height of 5mm and a diameter of ≤9mm. The anterior stomal wall of Type‐1BB showed multiple 'holes' through which air leaked to lift DL. DL was impervious to air. Type‐2BB always started at the periphery. Distinct pores were seen in the peripheral stroma of DL. Most of these were located distal to attachment of DM and explained the leakage of air from TM. Some were located centrally to the attachment and explained formation of Type‐2BB. More than 80% of BB were Type‐1 Immunohistology did not offer an explanation for DL being impervious to airConclusion DL is a distinct part of the surgical anatomy of the cornea. Identification of pores in DL periphery is novel and explains the formation of a Type‐2BB and the clinical observation of appearance of air in AC during DALK. Leakage is not through the TM
Interaction between leukocytes and erythrocytes in the human retina: Effects of pentoxifylline on hyperoxia‐induced vasoconstriction during increased neutrophil counts
Authors: FUCHSJAGER‐MAYRL G , TOLD R , WOLZT M , SCHMETTERER L , SCHMIDT‐ERFURTH U , GARHOFER G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We have previously shown that under states of vasoconstriction an interaction between circulating erythrocytes and leukocytes may play a role in the control of blood flow. In the present study we hypothesized that pentoxifylline may alter this interaction during oxygen‐induced vasoconstriction.Methods 24 healthy male subjects participated in this double masked, randomized, placebo‐controlled 2 way cross over trail. In order to increase white blood cell count (WBC) count, 300 μg of G‐CSF was administered intravenously. Vasoconstriction of retinal vessels was induced by oxygen inhalation. 400mg of pentoxifylline or placebo was infused at two different study days. White blood cell flux was assessed with the blue‐field entoptic technique. Vessel calibers were measured with a dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) and red blood cell velocity (RBCV) was determined with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Retinal blood flow was calculated based on retinal vessel diameters and RBCV.Results Retinal vessel diameter, RBCV, calculated retinal blood flow and white blood cell flow were not altered by administration of pentoxifylline. Hyperoxia induced a pronounced decrease in retinal blood flow parameters. No difference was observed between groups during oxygen breathing in vessel diameters (p=0.54), RBCV (p=0.34), calculated retinal blood flow (p=0.3) and white blood cell flow (p=0.26).Conclusion Our data indicate that short time administration of pentoxifylline does not alter the oxygen‐induced effect on ocular blood flow parameters during leukocytosis.
Genetic deletion of β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors rescues the retina from hypoxia‐induced pathologic angiogenesis
Authors: DAL MONTE M , CAMMALLERI M , FORNACIARI I , CASINI G , BAGNOLI P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the effects of β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptor (AR) deletion in the vascular retinal response to hypoxia, to confirm and expand the role of β1‐ and β2‐ARs in regulating retinal angiogenesis and to get insights into the role of β3‐ARs.Methods We used wild type (WT) and β1/β2‐AR knockout (KO) mice. The retinal angiogenic response to hypoxia was studied in a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) using real time RT‐PCR, Western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry.Results Our results show that β1‐ and β2‐AR deletion did not affect β3‐AR expression or norepinephrine (NE) levels. In KO mice, NE was less upregulated in response to hypoxia indicating a reduced stimulation of the β‐adrenergic system. In KO, the angiogenic response to hypoxia, including the formation of both a central avascular area and neovascular tufts, was nearly abolished while no improvements were observed in blood‐retinal barrier dysfunction typical of OIR. Unexpectedly, VEGF levels did not differ between WT and KO in spite of a recover of the angiogenic response, but a reduced activation of VEGF signaling was observed in KO, which may explain the reduced response to hypoxia. To get insights into the role of β3‐ARs, we treated OIR mice with a β3‐AR agonist, BRL37344 (2 mg/kg, s.c. injected), which resulted in an increase in VEGF levels and the formation of neovascular tufts in both WT and KO, indicating that β3‐AR stimulation may function as a proangiogenic switch.Conclusion Taken together, our results confirm the notion that β1‐ and/or β2‐ARs play a role in retinal angiogenesis and indicate that β3‐ARs may potentiate the angiogenic response in WT and sustain the angiogenic drive in KO.
Tamoxifen retinopathy
Authors: HALFELD FURTADO DE MENDONCA R , LUZ LEITÃO GUERRA R , DE OLIVEIRA MAIA JR O , YUKIHIKO TAKAHASHI W 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report a rare and interesting case of retinopathy secondary to tamoxifen therapy. Setting: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the treatment of hormone‐responsive breast cancer.Methods A 38‐year‐old white woman underwent right breast cancer quadrantectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. She was started on long term tamoxifen (20 mg daily).Results After a total dose of 29.2 g of Tamoxifen over a period of 48 months, she complained of blurred vision. Her corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in the right eye and 0.1 in the left eye. The retinography showed yellowish‐white deposits, more heavily concentrated in the inferior and temporal macular area. A greyish alteration following the vascular arcade with some pigment changes were detected. Fundus autofluorescence showed bilateral paramacular rings of hypofluorescence and a central increased autofluorescence in the macula (punctate spots with bright autofluorescence signal) which was not clearly visible on fundus photography. Many hypofluorescence areas following the vascular arcade were detected. Retinopathy was diagnosed and tamoxifen was discontinued.Conclusion Patients treated with tamoxifen who complain of visual problems should be immediately referred to an ophthalmological examination. In some cases, the retinopathy is not limited to the macula.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab in treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: the efficacy according to indocyanine green angiography findings
Authors: KU HC , RHIM WI , LEE MK , LEE EK 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of bebacizumab according to baseline indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) findings for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods Twenty‐two eyes of 22 patients with chronic CSC and symptoms for at least 3 months were treated with intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab. The mean follow‐up was 12.5 months. The degrees of hyperfluorescence of ICGA included intense, weak , or no hyperfluorescence . Main outcomes measures were the resolution of the subretinal fluid and visual acuity.Results On the basis of ICGA, intense hyperfluorescence was found in 5 eyes (23%), diffusely weak hyperfluorescence in 6 eyes (27%), focally weak hyperfluorescence in 7 eyes (32%) and no hyperfluorescence in 4 eyes (18 %). The complete resolution rate of the subretinal fluid was higher in eyes with focally weak and no hyperfluorescence (4 eyes (57%) and 2 eyes (50%)) than in eyes with intense and diffuse weak hyperfluorescence (1 eye (20%) and 2 eyes(33%)). Visual acuty was increased in eyes with complete (n=9, 0.20) and partial (n=5, 0.11) resolution of the subretinal fluid. However, in eyes without response, visual acuity was rather decreased (n=8, ‐0.11).Conclusion The efficacy of bebacizumab in eyes with chronic CSC was heterogeneous according to baseline ICGA findings and seemed to be higher in eyes with lower choroidal permeability on ICGA.
Follow‐up of IOP and central macular thickness after repeated dexamethasone implants in retinal vein occlusion, about 29 cases
Authors: VIE A , DOT C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the impact of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (ozurdex) on intraocular pressure and on central macular thickness in eyes with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.Methods Twenty‐nine patients diagnosed with macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion (11/29 branch RVO‐18/29 central RVO) and treated with Ozurdex were enrolled in this prospective uncontrolled study. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months for IOP (air pulsed tonometer) and central macular thickness (CMT, spectralis SD‐OCT).Results The mean ozurdex injections was 2,4 (1‐5). Most of the patients increased their IOP less than 6mmHg from baseline and were considered as low responder. 27% of patients were « medium responder » and increased their IOP from +6 to 15 mmHg. Only one was a high responder (+19mmHg). OHT occurred during the first (12,5%) or the second month (24%). Two patients has developed OHT only at the second injection (24mmHg). thirty‐one % of patients need a topical hypotensive therapy. The mean initial CMT was 579 μm (+/‐162μm). The mean CMT reduction between M0 and M2 was 282 μm +/‐204μm for the first injection. The anatomic effect was reproducible for the second and the third ozurdex but decreased at the fourth injection (‐196μm). Only two patients had a chronic retinal oedema after two injections.Conclusion OHT has been observed in some patients since M1, so visit at M1 and M2 must be keept to check this point for the first injection. We confirm that very few new patients present OHT during the following injections. Repeated injections of ozurdex provide an effective reduction of the CMT for at least the first three injections. Only one patient was suspected of tachyphylaxis.
REMIDO 2 Study: Retrospective Multicentric study of the dexamethasone drug delivery system, OZURDEX, in the treatment of macular edema following retinal vein occlusion; 2 years follow‐up
Authors: POMMIER S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the long‐term visual prognosis and complications of patients who received intravitreal Ozurdex injections for the treatment of macular edema (ME) due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods A total of 94 patients who received Ozurdex injections on an 'as‐needed' basis in our center network (P 1,5 network) as part of the REMIDO study were followed for examination and retreatment. Main outcome measures included changes in final visual acuity (VA), final central macular thickness (CMT), retreatment interval, number of injection, and incidence of side effects.Results Mean follow‐up time was 26.3 months. A total of 94 eyes were included for studyt. Retreatment with Ozurdex was judged necessary after 5.3 ± 0.8 months. No tachyphylaxis effect was observed. Initial mean VA was 42 letters. It significantly improved to 62 letters after 2 years of treatment : the improvement was ≥ 15 ETDRS letters in 50% of patients. 51.2% of patients were cured at 2 years with a mean injection of 2.15. The profile of cured patients presented 64 % of naïve and 60% of branch RVO. Mean CMT decreased from 688 ± 117 µm (baseline) to 325 ± 54 µm. No serious adverse events were observed; Ocular hypertension greater than 25 mmHg, managed by topical treatment, is observed in 15% of patients. Switch was necessary for 18% of patients. Cataracts were extracted in 31 % of patients at 2 years.Conclusion This is the first reported 2 years long‐term evaluation of patients treated with Ozurdex. Repeated intravitreal Ozurdex on an 'as‐needed' basis, with a retreatment interval <6 months, produce long‐term clinically meaningful benefits in the treatment of ME due to RVO.
Comparison of the time required for panretinal photocoagulation and associated pain between Navilas® and conventional laser therapy in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: KIM MS , KIM JS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the pain scale and time necessary for panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) between Navilas® (OD‐OS, Teltow, Germany) and conventional laser in diabetic retinopathy.Methods Fifteen patients who required PRP for diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in the present study. PRP was performed using Navilas® (5 X 5 array patterned system) in the superior, nasal and inferior areas, and using conventional laser at the temporal area 1 week later. Total time of laser application and number of laser shots were counted for calculating required time per 100 spots of each laser system. Immediately after the laser photocoagulation, patients were asked to quantify their pain on a visual analog pain scale (0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain).Results PRP using Navilas® required shorter time per 100 laser spots (27.7 sec vs. 102.0 sec, p < 0.001) and subjects had lower treatment‐related pain than with the conventional laser system (3.3 vs. 6.9, p < 0.001).Conclusion PRP using Navilas® can be considered as an efficient method for improving patient and operator’s comfort with faster laser application and lower treatment‐related pain.