bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Built‐in parasitic‐diode‐based charge injection technique enhancing data retention of gain cell DRAM
Authors: Chung Yeonbae , Cheng Weijie , Das Hritom 
Published: October 2015

A gain cell embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) with a noble charge injection technique is presented. The gain memory cell is composed of dual‐threshold two logic N‐type MOSs implemented in a generic triple‐well CMOS process. A negative‐voltage toggle on the parasitic junction diode formed between the pocket p‐well and the cell data node couples up the cell storage voltages. It results in a much enhanced retention time in a compact bit area. Moreover, the technique exhibits much strong immunity from the write disturbance. Measured results at 85°C from a 110 nm 64 kbit prototype eDRAM incorporating the proposed technique demonstrate 69% enhanced retention time and 86% smaller write disturbance loss compared with the conventional one.
Enhanced locking range technique for frequency divider using dual‐resonance RLC resonator
Authors: Jang S.‐L. , Chen Y.‐J. , Fang C.‐H. , Lai W.C. 
Published: October 2015

An enhanced locking range technique for a CMOS injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented, which uses a cross‐coupled oscillator with a dual‐resonance RLC resonator. This ILFD has dual locking ranges at a fixed bias, and the resistor in the resonator is used to have overlapping dual locking ranges so that a single‐band wide‐locking range is obtained. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range of the divide‐by‐2 ILFD is 6.7 GHz, from 3 to 9.7 GHz, and the locking range percentage is 105.51%.
RC‐loaded planar half‐ellipse antenna for impulse radar application
Authors: Wang Youcheng , Fang Guangyou , Zhang Feng , Ji Yicai , Zhang Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2015

Combined with the resistor loading and capacitive loading technique, a planar printed ellipse antenna is designed to achieve ultra‐bandwidth and upper radiation efficiency. To accomplish loading, four resistor lumps bridge the metallic strip against the antenna arm on the top layer and rectangular conducting cavity. Simulations are performed for various characteristics of the antenna such as current distribution, near‐field radiation pattern and time waveform. Comparison of antenna characteristics between the antenna with resistor loading (type‐I) and the antenna with resistor and capacitive loading (type‐II) is made using simulations and measurements. The proposed antenna is constructed and measured. It is shown that the antenna achieves an ultra‐bandwidth over 8:1 (1–8 GHz) with a return loss less than −10 dB. In addition, experimental verification has been carried out to confirm the improved properties of the antenna. The capacitive loading produced at the end of the antenna arm has improved the peak of the radiation waveform at least 0.62 dB without the cost of increased size.
First dust study in JET with the ITER-like wall: sampling, analysis and classification
Authors: Baron-Wiechec A. , Fortuna-Zaleśna E. , Grzonka J. , Rubel M. , Widdowson A. , Ayres C. , Coad J. P. , Hardie C. , Heinola K. , Matthews G. F. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Results of the first dust survey in JET with the ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) are presented. The sampling was performed using adhesive stickers from the divertor tiles where the greatest material deposition was detected after the first JET-ILW campaign in 2011–2012. The emphasis was especially on sampling and analysis of metal particles (Be and W) with the aim to determine the composition, size, surface topography and internal dust structure using a large set of methods: high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam, electron diffraction and also wavelength and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The most important was the identification of beryllium dust both in the form of flakes and droplets with dimensions in the micrometer range. Tungsten, molybdenum, inconel constituents were identified along with many impurity species. The particles are categorised and the origin of the various constituents discussed.
An open-structure electrowetting-based reflective display with a feedback system
Authors: Choi Seungyul , Lee Junghoon 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Electrowetting-based reflective displays have long been considered a promising display choice for electronic paper applications due to their fast operating speeds and high color contrasts. However, they still require several improvements in terms of their packaging process, color contrast, and reliability. This study investigates such enhancements via an open-structure design and a capacitive feedback system. It has a femto-farad level resolution and demonstrates a high operating speed (approximately 10 ms), effective ink dosing, and large color area change (approximately 92%). The feedback system for the precise control of the color area is verified by testing under a wide range of interfacial tension. The system reduces the deviation of color contrast by 85%. Working with high fidelity with large disturbances, which are represented by interfacial variations, the system shows robust performance against other disturbances, such as temperature variation and contact angle hysteresis.
Are American black bears in an agricultural landscape being sustained by crops?
Authors: Ditmer Mark A. , Garshelis David L. , Noyce Karen V. , Haveles Andrew W. , Fieberg John R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHuman-altered landscapes are thought to reduce habitat quality for many forest-dependent species, but some omnivorous, opportunist species take advantage of human-related food sources, such as garbage and crops. It is unknown, however, whether anthropogenic foods can sustain populations in areas with relatively little natural habitat. We studied (2007–2012) a population of American black bears ( Ursus americanus ) at the western periphery of their range in Minnesota, in a landscape that was heavily impacted by agriculture (~50%). We estimated the dietary contributions of corn and sunflowers (2–4% of the landscape) versus seasonally available natural foods (spring vegetation, ants, deer, fruit, and nuts) with stable isotope analyses (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) of 110 hair samples from 51 bears. We identified associations between diet and sex, age, body size and condition, reproductive status, space use, habitat connectivity, and natural food abundance. At the population level, adult males and adult females without cubs consumed considerable crops in fall (95% credible intervals: males = 19–46% of diet, females = 10–40%), but females with cubs and juvenile bears rarely consumed crops. Individual estimates of crop consumption were positively correlated with the proportion of GPS-collar locations in crop fields. Females, but not males, decreased crop consumption in years with high availability of natural fall foods. Further, the degree of crop consumption was more closely tied to local crop availability and landscape composition in females than in males. Weight and fat were positively correlated with crop use for both sexes, and males’ use of crops also increased with their physical stature, suggesting that crops provided substantial caloric benefits to bears and that social dominance may have influenced foraging decisions. However, a large segment of this bear population (44% of sampled bear–years) made little use of crops, and crops accounted for more than half the fall diet for only 14% of the population. Whereas some bears clearly benefited from consumption of crops, we conclude that a population of bears could be sustained in this largely agricultural region even without crops as a food source.
MHD simulation for investigating the evolutionary path of a solar magnetic field that emerges, structures itself, erupts, and produces a flare
Authors: Magara Tetsuya 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We performed a long-term magnetohydrodynamic simulation to reproduce the self-consistent evolution of a solar magnetic field, which comprises the initial phase when a magnetic flux tube emerges below the solar surface, the formation of a magnetic structure giving rise to a flux rope and sigmoid in the solar corona, and the final phase during which a flux rope erupts, followed by a flare with plasmoid ejection. By seamlessly reproducing dynamic processes involved in emergence, formation, eruption, and magnetic reconnection, we demonstrate the entire evolutionary path of an emerging flux tube leading to the onset of a flare.
Low Prevalence of Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Patients With Achondroplasia
Authors: Brooks Jaysson T. , Ramji Alim F. , Lyapustina Tatyana A. , Yost Mary T. , Ain Michael C. 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries and their subsequent reconstructions are common in the general population, but there has been no research regarding ACL or PCL injuries in patients with achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia. Our goals were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of ACL and PCL injuries in adolescents and adults with achondroplasia, (2) compare this prevalence with that reported for the general population, (3) determine how many patients with ACL or PCL injuries underwent ligament reconstruction as treatment, and (4) determine patient activity levels as they relate to the rate of ACL/PCL injuries and reconstructions.

Methods:
We reviewed medical records of 430 patients with achondroplasia seen in the senior author’s clinic from 2002 through 2014. Demographic data were reviewed, as well as any documentation of ACL or PCL injury or reconstruction. We called all 430 patients by telephone, and 148 agreed to participate in our survey, whereas 1 declined. We asked these patients about their history of ACL or PCL injury or reconstruction, as well as current and past physical activity levels.

Results:
No ACL or PCL injuries were found on chart review. One patient reached by telephone reported an ACL injury that did not require reconstruction. This yielded a theoretical prevalence of 3/430 (0.7%). Of the 148 patients surveyed, 43 (29%) reported low physical activity, 75 (51%) reported moderate physical activity, and 26 (17%) reported high physical activity. There was no significant difference in the rate of ACL injury when stratified by physical activity level (P=0.102).

Conclusions:
ACL and PCL injuries and reconstructions are extremely rare in patients with achondroplasia, which cannot be completely ascribed to a low level of physical activity. One possible explanation is that patients with achondroplasia, on an average, have a more anterior tibial slope compared with those without achondroplasia, which decreases the force generated within the ACL and may protect against ACL injury. Further research is needed to explore possible causes.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective review.
Preliminary Results of the Induced Membrane Technique for the Reconstruction of Large Bone Defects
Authors: Mansour Toni M. , Ghanem Ismat B. 
Published: October 2015

Background:
During past decades, gradual bone transplant using external fixators and vascularized fibular or rib transplants widely contributed to solve difficult problems related to the reconstruction of large bone defects in children. However, these surgeries are time consuming and require specialized surgical skills, not always available in a general hospital setting, mainly in rural areas.

Purpose:
To report the preliminary results of the more recently described induced membrane technique in a consecutive series of 8 children and to identify some factors related to the procedure’s success.

Methods:
Nine consecutive children with bone defects ranging from 5 to 14 cm were included in the study. The age at surgery ranged from 3 to 16 years. There were 3 congenital pseudarthrosis (CP) of the fibula, 1 CP of the tibia, 1 Ewing sarcoma of the tibia, 1 Ewing sarcoma of the ulna, 1 tibial osteosarcoma, 1 fibular osteosarcoma, and 1 chronic diffuse tibial osteomyelitis. The procedure was performed according to the original Masquelet’s description in 2 stages. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 7 years.

Results:
The child with tibial osteosarcoma died 3 months after the surgery from complications related to chemotherapy. Among the 8 remaining children, 6 healed uneventfully, and 2 required revision with additional grafting and/or better internal fixation, one with Ewing sarcoma of the tibia and a 13-cm bone defect and the second with CP of the fibula. Both of them had suboptimal internal stabilization.

Conclusions:
The induced membrane technique is a useful, efficient, and simple alternative to highly specialized surgical procedures used for the reconstruction of large bone defects in children. Risk factors for failure include chemotherapy, suboptimal bone fixation, and persistent axial malalignment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Integrated versus fragmented implementation of complex innovations in acute health care
Authors: Woiceshyn Jaana , Blades Kenneth , Pendharkar Sachin R. 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Increased demand and escalating costs necessitate innovation in health care. The challenge is to implement complex innovations—those that require coordinated use across the adopting organization to have the intended benefits.

Purpose:
We wanted to understand why and how two of five similar hospitals associated with the same health care authority made more progress with implementing a complex inpatient discharge innovation whereas the other three experienced more difficulties in doing so.

Methodology:
We conducted a qualitative comparative case study of the implementation process at five comparable urban hospitals adopting the same inpatient discharge innovation mandated by their health care authority. We analyzed documents and conducted 39 interviews of the health care authority and hospital executives and frontline managers across the five sites over a 1-year period while the implementation was ongoing.

Findings:
In two and a half years, two of the participating hospitals had made significant progress with implementing the innovation and had begun to realize benefits; they exemplified an integrated implementation mode. Three sites had made minimal progress, following a fragmented implementation mode. In the former mode, a semiautonomous health care organization developed a clear overall purpose and chose one umbrella initiative to implement it. The integrative initiative subsumed the rest and guided resource allocation and the practices of hospital executives, frontline managers, and staff who had bought into it. In contrast, in the fragmented implementation mode, the health care authority had several overlapping, competing innovations that overwhelmed the sites and impeded their implementation.

Practice Implications:
Implementing a complex innovation across hospital sites required (a) early prioritization of one initiative as integrative, (b) the commitment of additional (traded off or new) human resources, (c) deliberate upfront planning and continual support for and evaluation of implementation, and (d) allowance for local customization within the general principles of standardization.
Suggested reporting guidelines for structural equation modeling in supply chain management research
Authors: Hazen Benjamin T. , Overstreet Robert E. , Boone Christopher A 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a data analysis method of choice for many empirical supply chain management (SCM) researchers. As the statistical technique has evolved, so have its applications and reporting guidelines. Consequently, there has been a lack of standardized reporting across the SCM literature. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for standardizing reporting conventions.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents a review of recent SEM methods literature. In addition, the authors content analyze articles from International Journal of Logistics Management, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, and Journal of Business Logistics that contained either covariance-based or partial least square structural equation models. Using the aforementioned literature review and content analysis, the authors compare and contrast what is currently reported in extant supply chain literature with suggested reporting protocols in the methods literature.

Findings
– Based on the review and analysis, the authors suggest standardized reporting conventions for the use of SEM in SCM research. In addition, the findings suggest that much more could and should be reported with respect to the decision as to which SEM technique to employ.

Originality/value
– This paper can serve as a useful checklist and set of references for scholars publishing SEM research in supply chain journals.
Social capital: does it matter in a microfinance contract?
Authors: Rathore Bhawani Singh 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of social capital in a microfinance contract.Design/methodology/approach– Systematic review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of social capital in microfinance.Findings– The theoretical literature has shown using models of peer selection, peer monitoring and peer pressure that group lending with joint liability overcomes both the informational and enforcement failures present in credit markets for poor. However findings from the empirical literature conclude that social capital should not be taken as a single concept but should be considered in light of its different aspects which may be having different effects on the performance. For example, the trust between the borrowers, cultural and social homogeneity has been found to have more significant affect on repayment performance in contrast to the incentives due to peer pressure. The groups formed by family members and relatives are consistently been reported to have weakening influence on repayment.Practical implications– For a same program the effect of social capital on performance can be different for different geographies and different classification of subjects and thus should be studied before initiating a microfinance program in any social setting.Social implications– The borrowers should be encouraged to form groups with others who are more trustworthy and not with those they are just having an acquaintance with. The borrowers should be encouraged to come to aid of those who are victims of negative externalities. The positive experiences will lead to reciprocity of actions in future. The borrowers should be discouraged to form groups with family members and relatives.Originality/value– It analyzes both theoretical and empirical literature by disentangling different aspects of social capital within groups and their effects on group performance.
What drives behavioral intention of mobile money adoption? The case of ancient susu saving operations in Ghana
Authors: Osei-Assibey Eric 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the ancient susu savings operation in Ghana and the behavioural intention or willingness of susu collectors and users to adopt a mobile money (MM) platform as part of their savings practices. More specifically, this study investigates factors that determine one’s intention to adopt the MM space as a savings channel, particularly in place of more traditional ways of saving among many people in West Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using field survey data from market traders and susu collectors in several local markets in Ghana, and applying Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and Technological Adoption Model (TAM) conceptual frameworks, this study has produced some interesting findings. A logistic regression model was used for the empirical analysis.

Findings
– Generally, among the susu collectors, the author found perceived risk, education level, relative advantage and the age of the collector to be statistically significant in influencing the behavioural intention of MM adoption. With respect to susu users, the author found such factors as trialability, observability or awareness, compatibility or education attainment. The study also finds the influence of the physical presence of the susu collector to be statistically significant in influencing one’s behavioural intention to accept MM. This was found to be the primary reason motivating susu users to honour their savings commitment.

Practical implications
– These findings have important implications for MM uptake and the modernization of the susu operations in Ghana. While MM uptake remains significantly low, these findings suggest that the way to increase uptake is to create more awareness, embark on financial literacy programmes, and reduce mistrust and perception of risk of the MM platform. There is also the need for a regulator as the MM operators and their activities are not regulated by rules such as the reserve requirement of banks, as in the case of commercial banks that guarantees the safety of the savings of clients.

Originality/value
– Literature on MM is growing in recent times. However, evidence on adoption as a saving channel to replace the traditional saving system is scanty, particularly within the African context.
Different patterns for different conditions
Authors: Başlevent Cem , Maran Tugba 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Using data from the European Social Survey, the purpose of this paper is to examine the individual-level determinants of the attitudes toward the use of medicines to treat common conditions such as hair loss and weight gain.Design/methodology/approach– The authors estimate ordered logit models in which the five conditions inquired about in the survey are the dependent variables.Findings– The variation in the average approval scores for medicine use implies differing degrees of medicalization for the five conditions inquired about in the survey, and the associations observed in the multivariate analysis reveal that part of the subjectivity in attitudes can be attributed to basic personal characteristics, namely age, gender, and education. Self-evaluations of general health, happiness, religiosity, and political ideology are also found to influence people’s attitudes in predictable ways.Research limitations/implications– The examinations point to the shortcomings of the available data sets in sorting out the roles of different factors – such as the presence of effective treatments without side effects – in reaching the observed attitudes for medicine use.Social implications– The empirical findings suggest that the overuse of medicines can become a more serious problem in the near future in aging European societies.Originality/value– The authors demonstrate that higher approval scores among younger and more educated people on the whole and among women with respect to hair loss suggest that more medicalized attitudes are not necessarily found among groups the most likely to have the condition in question, but those who find it the most difficult to imagine themselves being in that situation.