bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Fluorogenic Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Rapid Sensing of CN− in Water
Authors: Mahapatra Ajit Kumar , Maiti Kalipada , Manna Saikat Kumar , Maji Rajkishor , Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada Das , Pakhira Bholanath , Sarkar Sabyasachi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new benzimidazole‐spiropyran conjugate chemosensor molecule (BISP) has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and elemental analysis. The two isomeric forms (BISP↔BIMC) were shown to be highly selective and sensitive to CN− among the ten anions studied in aqueous HEPES buffer, as shown by fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy and even by visual color changes, with a detection limit of 1.7 μM for BIMC. The reaction of CN− with BIMC was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), UV/Vis measurements, and fluorescence spectroscopy in HEPES buffer of pH 7.4. TDDFT calculations were performed in order to correlate the electronic properties of the chemosensor with its cyanide complex. Further, titration against thiophilic metal ions like Au3+, Cu2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ with [BIMC‐CN] in situ showed that it acts as a secondary recognition ensemble toward Au3+ and Cu2+ by switch‐on fluorescence. In addition, a reversible logic‐gate property of BIMC has been demonstrated through a feedback loop in the presence of CN− and Au3+ ions, respectively. Furthermore, the use of BIMC to detect CN− in live cells by fluorescence imaging has also been demonstrated. Notably, test strips based on BIMC were fabricated, which could serve as convenient and efficient CN− test kits.
Toward Chemistry‐Based Design of the Simplest Metalloenzyme‐Like Catalyst That Works Efficiently in Water
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnzymes exhibit overwhelmingly superior catalysis compared with artificial catalysts. Current strategies to rival enzymatic catalysis require unmodified or minimally modified structures of active sites, gigantic molecular weight, and sometimes the use of harsh conditions such as extremely low temperatures in organic solvents. Herein, we describe a design of small molecules that act as the simplest metalloenzyme‐like catalysts that can function in water, without mimicking enzyme structures. These artificial catalysts efficiently promoted enantioselective direct‐type aldol reactions using aqueous formaldehyde. The reactions followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics, and heat‐resistant asymmetric environments were constructed in water.
Robust Disturbance Attenuation in Hamiltonian Systems Via Direct Digital Control
Authors: Yalçın Yaprak , Gören‐Sümer Leyla , Kurtulan Salman 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe discrete‐time robust disturbance attenuation problem for the n‐degrees of freedom (dof) mechanical systems with uncertain energy function is considered in this paper. First, it is shown in the continuous time‐setting that the robust control problem of n‐dof mechanical systems can be reduced to a disturbance attenuation problem when a specific type of control rule is used. Afterwards, the robust disturbance attenuation problem is formulised as a special disturbance attenuation problem. Then, the discrete‐time counterpart of this problem characterised by means of L2 gain is given. Finally, a solution of the problem via direct‐discrete‐time design is presented as a sufficient condition. The proposed discrete‐time design utilizes discrete gradient of the energy function of considered system. Therefore, a new method is also proposed using the quadratic approximation lemma to construct discrete gradients for general energy functions. The proposed direct‐discrete‐time design method is used to solve the robust disturbance attenuation problem for the double pendulum system. Simulation results are given for the discrete gradient obtained with the method presented in this paper. Note that the solution presented here for the robust disturbance attenuation problem give an explicit algebraic condition on the design parameter, whereas solution of the same problem requires solving a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs partial differential inequality in general nonlinear systems.
Confidence, tolerance, and allowance in biological engineering: The nuts and bolts of living things
Authors: Porcar Manuel , Danchin Antoine , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: October 2014

The emphasis of systems and synthetic biology on quantitative understanding of biological objects and their eventual re‐design has raised the question of whether description and construction standards that are commonplace in electric and mechanical engineering are applicable to live systems. The tuning of genetic devices to deliver a given activity is generally context‐dependent, thereby undermining the re‐usability of parts, and predictability of function, necessary for manufacturing new biological objects. Tolerance (acceptable limits within the unavoidable divergence of a nominal value) and allowance (deviation introduced on purpose for the sake of flexibility and hence modularity, i.e. fitting together with a variety of other components) are key aspects of standardization that need to be brought to biological design. These should endow functional building blocks with a pre‐specified level of confidence for bespoke biosystems engineering. However, in the absence of more fundamental knowledge, fine‐tuning necessarily relies on evolutionary/combinatorial gravitation toward a fixed objective.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Luminescence characteristics of Na3Ca2(SO4)3F: Ce3+ fluoride material
Authors: Nikhare G. N. , Gedam S. C. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new Na3Ca2(SO4)3F: Ce3+ phosphor synthesized by a solid state diffusion method is reported. The photoluminescence study showed a single high intensity emission peak at 307 nm wavelength when excited by UV light of wavelength 278 nm. An unresolved peak of comparatively less intensity was also observed at 357 nm along with the main peak. The characteristic emission of dopant Ce in Na3Ca2(SO4)3F phosphor clearly indicated that it resides in the host lattice in trivalent form. The emission peak can be attributed to 5d → 4f transition of rare earth Ce3+. The prepared sample is also characterized for its thermoluminescence properties. The TL glow curve of prepared sample showed a single broad peak at 147°C. The trapping parameters are also evaluated by Chen's method. The values of trap depth (E) and frequency factor (s) were found to be 0.64 ± 0.002 eV and 1.43 × 107 s–1 respectively. The study of PL and TL along with evaluation of trapping parameters has been undertaken and discussed for the first time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aluminum‐Doped Zirconia‐Supported Copper Nanocatalysts: Surface Synergistic Catalytic Effects in the Gas‐Phase Hydrogenation of Esters
Authors: Hu Qi , Fan Guoli , Yang Lan , Li Feng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe efficient gas‐phase selective hydrogenation of a series of esters to the corresponding alcohols was achieved over well‐dispersed aluminum‐doped zirconia‐supported copper nanocatalysts (Cu/Al‐ZrO2), which were prepared through a homogeneous coprecipitation route in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The characterization revealed that the structure and catalytic performance of Cu/Al‐ZrO2 nanocatalysts were profoundly affected by the addition of Al. Compared with the Al‐free catalyst, Al‐doped materials had higher specific surface areas and smaller copper nanoparticles. In particular, the results confirmed that the incorporation of Al into the ZrO2 framework could form tetrahedrally coordinated Al3+ species, leading to the improvement of metal dispersion and the formation of more surface Lewis acid sites. In the gas‐phase selective hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethylene glycol (EG), 100 % DMO conversion, 97.1 % EG selectivity, and a high turnover frequency of 16.9 h−1 were achieved over Cu/Al‐ZrO2 catalyst with a Al/(Cu+Zr+Al) mass ratio of 0.1. The high efficiency of Cu/Al‐ZrO2 catalysts in DMO hydrogenation was attributed mainly to the surface synergistic catalytic effect between highly dispersed metallic copper species and strong Lewis acid sites, which promoted the hydrogenation reaction related to the ester groups, unlike the single case of Cu+Cu0 synergy reported previously that was found to control the extent of hydrogenation. The obtained catalysts displayed excellent catalytic performance in the gas‐phase hydrogenation of other esters including dimethyl succinate, dimethyl maleate, dimethyl adipate, and 1,4‐cycolhexane dicarboxylate.
P‐Aryl‐Diphenylphospholanes and their Phospholanium Salts as Efficient Monodentate Ligands for Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation
Authors: Dobrota Cristian , Fiaud Jean‐Claud , Toffano Martial 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnantiopure P‐aryl‐2,5‐diphenylphospholanes and its corresponding P‐aryl‐phospholanium salt appear as very efficient ligands for rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reaction with similar activities and enantioselectivities. The hydrogenation product was obtained in good enantiomeric excesses (up to 93 % ee) in only few minutes under an atmospheric pressure of dihydrogen. The excellent activity of the catalyst can be explained by a constant and high TOF value during the reaction.
N,N′‐Dioxide/Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters with Enecarbamates
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Zhu Yin , Lin Lili , Zhang Yulong , Zheng Jianfeng , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractN,N′‐Dioxide/nickel(II) complexes have been developed to catalyze the inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters with acyclic enecarbamates. After detailed screening of the reaction parameters, mild optimized reaction conditions were established, affording 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyranamines in up to 99 % yield, 99 % ee and more than 95:5 d.r. The catalytic system was also efficient for β‐substituted acyclic enecarbamates, affording more challenging 2,3,4‐trisubstituted 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyranamine with three contiguous stereogenic centers in excellent yields, diastereoselectivities, and enantioselectivities. The reaction could be scaled up to a gram scale with no deterioration of either enantioselectivity or yield. Based on these experiments and on previous reports, a possible transition state was proposed.
Mixed‐Metal MIL‐100(Sc,M) (M=Al, Cr, Fe) for Lewis Acid Catalysis and Tandem CC Bond Formation and Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Mitchell Laura , Williamson Patrick , Ehrlichová Barbora , Anderson Amanda E. , Seymour Valerie R. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Acerbi Nadia , Daniels Luke M. , Walton Richard I. , Clarke Matthew L. , Wright Paul A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe trivalent metal cations Al3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ were each introduced, together with Sc3+, into MIL‐100(Sc,M) solid solutions (M=Al, Cr, Fe) by direct synthesis. The substitution has been confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid‐state NMR, UV/Vis, and X‐ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Mixed Sc/Fe MIL‐100 samples were prepared in which part of the Fe is present as α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles within the mesoporous cages of the MOF, as shown by XAS, TGA, and PXRD. The catalytic activity of the mixed‐metal catalysts in Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts additions increases with the amount of Sc present, with the attenuating effect of the second metal decreasing in the order Al>Fe>Cr. Mixed‐metal Sc,Fe materials give acceptable activity: 40 % Fe incorporation only results in a 20 % decrease in activity over the same reaction time and pure product can still be obtained and filtered off after extended reaction times. Supported α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were also active Lewis acid species, although less active than Sc3+ in trimer sites. The incorporation of Fe3+ into MIL‐100(Sc) imparts activity for oxidation catalysis and tandem catalytic processes (Lewis acid+oxidation) that make use of both catalytically active framework Sc3+ and Fe3+. A procedure for using these mixed‐metal heterogeneous catalysts has been developed for making ketones from (hetero)aromatics and a hemiacetal.
Homochiral Cobalt Phosphonates Containing Δ‐Type Chains with a Tunable Interlayer Distance and a Field‐Induced Phase Transition
Authors: Cai Zhong‐Sheng , Bao Song‐Song , Ren Min , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo pairs of enantiomeric CoII compounds with formulas [Co2(μ3‐OH)(cyamp)(CnH2n+1COO)] (cyampH2=(S)‐ or (R)‐[(1‐cyclohexylethyl)amino]methylphosphonic acid; n=1 (1); n=7 (2)) were synthesized. The structures of S‐1 and S‐2 were determined by single‐crystal structural analyses. Both crystallize in a monoclinic chiral space group P21, and exhibit layered structures in which the Δ‐type chains of corner‐sharing Co3(μ3‐OH) triangles are connected by the phosphonate groups. The interlayer spaces are filled with the organic groups of the phosphonate and carboxylate ligands. Therefore, the distances between the layers can be manipulated by the length of the alkyl chain of the carboxylate ligands, from 14.6 Å in 1 to 20.0 Å in 2. Magnetic studies were carried out for compounds S‐1 and S‐2. Both show metamagnetism at low temperature. The critical field decreases with increasing interlayer distance from 8.18 kOe for S‐1 to 7.01 kOe for S‐2 at 1.8 K. The optical properties were also studied.
A 0.5 V bulk‐driven voltage follower/DC level shifter and its application in class AB output stage
Authors: Kulej Tomasz , Blakiewicz Grzegorz 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA simple realization of a 0.5 V bulk‐driven voltage follower/direct current (DC) level shifter designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology is presented in the paper. The circuit is characterized by large input and output voltage swings and a DC voltage gain close to unity. The DC voltage shift between input and output terminals can be regulated in a certain interval around zero, by means of biasing current sinks. An application of the proposed voltage follower circuit for realization of a low‐voltage class AB output stage has also been described in the paper. Finally, the operational amplifier exploiting the proposed output stage has been presented and evaluated in detail. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolutionary history of a widespread tree species Acer mono in East Asia
Authors: Guo Xi‐Di , Wang Hong‐Fang , Bao Lei , Wang Tian‐Ming , Bai Wei‐Ning , Ye Jun‐Wei , Ge Jian‐Ping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEast Asia has the most diverse temperate flora in the world primarily due to the lack of Pleistocene glaciation and the geographic heterogeneity. Although increasing phylogeography studies in this region provided more proofs in this issue, discrepancies and uncertainty still exist, especially in northern temperate deciduous broad‐leaved and coniferous mixed forest region (II). And a widespread plant species could reduce the complexity to infer the relationship between diversity and physiographical pattern. Hence, we studied the evolution history of a widespread temperate tree, Acer mono, populations in region II and the influence of physiographic patterns on intraspecific genetic diversity. Analyses of chloroplast sequences and nuclear microsatellites indicated high levels of genetic diversity. The diversity distribution was spatially heterogeneous and a latitudinal cline existed in both markers. The spatial distribution pattern between genetic diversity within A. mono and the diversity at species level was generally consistent. Western subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest subregion (IVb) had a unique ancient chloroplast clade (CP3) and a nuclear gene pool (GP5) with dominance indicating the critical role of this area in species diversification. Genetic data and ecological niche model results both suggested that populations in region II disappeared during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and recovered from south of Changbai Mt. and the Korean Peninsula. Two distribution centers were likely during the LGM, one in the north edge of warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest region (III) and another in the south edge of region III. This was reflected by the genetic pattern with two spatially independent genetic groups. This study highlights the key role of region III in sustaining genetic diversity in the northern range and connecting diversity between southern and northern range. We elucidated the diversity relationship between vegetation regions which could facilitate the understanding of biodiversity origin and maintenance in East Asia.
Size doesn't matter, sex does: a test for boldness in sister species of Brachyrhaphis fishes
Authors: Ingley Spencer J. , Rehm Jeremy , Johnson Jerald B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of divergent natural selection on the evolution of behavioral traits has long been a focus of behavioral ecologists. Predation, due to its ubiquity in nature and strength as a selective agent, has been considered an important environmental driver of behavior. Predation is often confounded with other environmental factors that could also play a role in behavioral evolution. For example, environments that contain predators are often more ecologically complex and “risky” (i.e., exposed and dangerous). Previous work shows that individuals from risky environments are often more bold, active, and explorative than those from low‐risk environments. To date, most comparative studies of environmentally driven behavioral divergence are limited to comparisons among populations within species that occur in divergent selective environments but neglect comparisons between species following speciation. This limits our understanding of how behavior evolves post‐speciation. The Central American live‐bearing fish genus Brachyrhaphis provides an ideal system for examining the relationship between selective environments and behavior, within and between species. Here, we test for differences in boldness between sister species B. roseni and B. terrabensis that occur in streams with and without piscivorous predators, respectively. We found that species do differ in boldness, with species that occur with predators being bolder than those that do not. Within each species, we found that sexes differed in boldness, with males being bolder than females. We also tested for a relationship between size (a surrogate for metabolic rate) and boldness, but found no size effects. Therefore, sex, not size, affects boldness. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that complex and risky environments favor individuals with more bold behavioral traits, but they are not consistent with the hypothesis that size (and therefore metabolic rate) drives divergence in boldness. Finally, our results provide evidence that behavioral trait divergence continues even after speciation is complete.
Antenatal and Postnatal Psychopathology Among Women with Current and Past Eating Disorders: Longitudinal Patterns
Authors: Easter Abigail , Solmi Francessca , Bye Amanda , Taborelli Emma , Corfield Freya , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study aims to investigate longitudinal patterns of psychopathology during the antenatal and postnatal periods among women with current (C‐ED) and past (P‐ED) eating disorders. Women were recruited to a prospective longitudinal study: C‐ED (n = 31), P‐ED (n = 29) and healthy control (HC; n = 57). Anxiety, depression and ED symptoms were measured at four time points: first/second trimester, third trimester, 8 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Linear mixed effects models were used to test for group differences. Women with C‐ED and P‐ED, in all diagnostic categories, had significantly higher levels of psychopathology at all time points. ED symptoms decreased in the C‐ED group, compared with an overall increase in the other two groups but subsequently increased after pregnancy. Overall, depression and state and trait anxiety scores decreased in the C‐ED group compared with the HC group throughout the antenatal and postnatal periods. High levels of psychopathology are common throughout the antenatal and postnatal periods among women with current and past ED, and despite some overall reductions, symptoms remain clinically significant. © 2014 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layer‐by‐layer assembly of halogen‐free polymeric materials on nylon/cotton blend for flame retardant applications
Authors: Narkhede Mahesh , Thota Sammaiah , Mosurkal Ravi , Muller Wayne S. , Kumar Jayant 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThin films of environmentally safe, halogen free, anionic sodium phosphate and cationic polysiloxanes were deposited on a Nyco (1:1 nylon/cotton blend) fabric via layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly to reduce the inherent flammability of Nyco fabric. In the coating process, we used three different polysiloxane materials containing different amine groups including, 35–45% (trimethylammoniummethylphenythyl)‐methyl siloxane‐55‐65% dimethyl siloxane copolymer chloride salt (QMS‐435), aminoethylaminopropyl silsesquioxane‐methylsilsesquioxane copolymer oligomer (WSA‐7021) and aminopropyl silesquioxane oligomers (WSA‐991), as a positive polyelectrolyte. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis showed that coated fabric has char yield around 40% at 600 °C whereas control fabric was completely consumed. The vertical flame test (VFT) on the LbL‐coated Nyco fabric was passed with after flame time, 2 s, and the char length of 3.81 cm. Volatile and nontoxic degradation products of flame retardant‐coated fabric were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (Py‐GCMS). Surface morphology of coated fabrics and burned fabric residues were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How toxic is coal ash? A laboratory toxicity case study
Authors: Sherrard Rick M , Carriker Neil E , Greeley Mark S 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Under a consent agreement among the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and proponents both for and against stricter regulation, EPA is to issue a new coal ash disposal rule by the end of 2014. Laboratory toxicity investigations often yield conservative estimates of toxicity because many standard test species are more sensitive than resident species, thus could provide information useful to the rule-making. However, few laboratory studies of coal ash toxicity are available; most studies reported in the literature are based solely on field investigations. This brief communication describes a broad range of toxicity studies conducted for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash spill, results of which help provide additional perspective on the toxicity of coal ash. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:5–9. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
Primarily, field-based studies related to effects of coal ash on aquatic biota are reported in scientific literature; laboratory toxicity studies are lacking. In 215 laboratory toxicity studies performed to date in response to the TVA Kingston ash spill, 173 (80%) resulted in no statistically significant toxicity relative to upstream water and sediment controls. The wealth of data derived from these conservative laboratory studies clearly indicate that risks to resident species are moderate and limited to locations with ash content greater than 40%.