bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evidence that invasive adenocarcinoma can mimic prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and intraductal carcinoma through retrograde glandular colonization
Authors: Haffner Michael C , Weier Christopher , Xu Meng Meng , Vaghasia Ajay , Gürel Bora , Gümüşkaya Berrak , Esopi David M , Fedor Helen , Tan Hsueh‐Li , Kulac Ibrahim , Hicks Jessica , Isaacs William B , Lotan Tamara L , Nelson William G , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , De Marzo Angelo M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProstate cancer often manifests as morphologically distinct tumour foci and is frequently found adjacent to presumed precursor lesions such as high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). While there is some evidence to suggest that these lesions can be related and exist on a pathological and morphological continuum, the precise clonal and temporal relationships between precursor lesions and invasive cancers within individual tumours remain undefined. Here, we used molecular genetic, cytogenetic, and histological analyses to delineate clonal, temporal, and spatial relationships between HGPIN and cancer lesions with distinct morphological and molecular features. First, while confirming the previous finding that a substantial fraction of HGPIN lesions associated with ERG‐positive cancers share rearrangements and overexpression of ERG, we found that a significant subset of such HGPIN glands exhibit only partial positivity for ERG. This suggests that such ERG‐positive HGPIN cells either rapidly invade to form adenocarcinoma or represent cancer cells that have partially invaded the ductal and acinar space in a retrograde manner. To clarify these possibilities, we used ERG expression status and TMPRSS2–ERG genomic breakpoints as markers of clonality, and PTEN deletion status to track temporal evolution of clonally related lesions. We confirmed that morphologically distinct HGPIN and nearby invasive cancer lesions are clonally related. Further, we found that a significant fraction of ERG‐positive, PTEN‐negative HGPIN and intraductal carcinoma (IDC‐P) lesions are most likely clonally derived from adjacent PTEN‐negative adenocarcinomas, indicating that such PTEN‐negative HGPIN and IDC‐P lesions arise from, rather than give rise to, the nearby invasive adenocarcinoma. These data suggest that invasive adenocarcinoma can morphologically mimic HGPIN through retrograde colonization of benign glands with cancer cells. Similar clonal relationships were also seen for intraductal carcinoma adjacent to invasive adenocarcinoma. These findings represent a potentially undervalued indicator of pre‐existing invasive prostate cancer and have significant implications for prostate cancer diagnosis and risk stratification. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical performance of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using targeted cell‐free DNA analysis in maternal plasma with microarrays or next generation sequencing (NGS) is consistent across multiple controlled clinical studies
Authors: Stokowski Renee , Wang Eric , White Karen , Batey Annette , Jacobsson Bo. , Brar Herb , Balanarasimha Madhumitha , Hollemon Desiree , Sparks Andrew , Nicolaides Kypros , Musci Thomas J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical performance of non‐invasive prenatal testing for trisomy 21, 18, and 13 using targeted cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) analysis.MethodsTargeted cfDNA analysis using DANSR™ and FORTE™ with microarray quantitation was used to evaluate the risk of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 in blinded samples from 799 singleton, twin, natural, and IVF pregnancies. Subjects either had fetal chromosome evaluation by karyotype, FISH, QF‐PCR, or karyotype for newborns with suspected aneuploidy at birth. The results of targeted cfDNA analysis were compared to clinical genetic testing outcomes to assess clinical performance.ResultsTargeted cfDNA analysis with microarray quantification identified 107/108 trisomy 21 cases (99.1%), 29/30 trisomy 18 cases (96.7%), and 12/12 trisomy 13 cases (100%). The specificity was 100% for all three trisomies. Combining this data with all published clinical performance studies using DANSR/FORTE methodology for greater than 23 000 pregnancies, the sensitivity of targeted cfDNA analysis was calculated to be greater than 99% for trisomy 21, 97% for trisomy 18, and 94% for trisomy 13. Specificity for each trisomy was greater than 99.9%.ConclusionTargeted cfDNA analysis demonstrates consistently high sensitivity and extremely low false positive rates for common autosomal trisomies in pregnancy across quantitation platforms. © 2015 Ariosa Diagnostics Inc. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klöppeln für den feinen Ton
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFür Glocken gilt: Die Form bestimmt den Ton. Ihr charakteristischer Klang entsteht durch zwei zueinander senkrechte Grundschwingungen und deren höheren Moden. Die spezielle Form von Kirchenglocken bringt eine Vielfalt von Partialtönen und damit einen vollen Klang hervor. Auch der Zeitpunkt, zu dem der Klöppel eine pendelnde Glocke anschlägt, bestimmt den Klang. Bei großen Glocken kann der tiefste Ton minutenlang nachschwingen.
Renaissance von Watts Technik
Authors: Müller Gerald , Müller Harald 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn vielen technischen Bereichen entsteht thermische Energie bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen von 100 bis 150 °C. Typische Quellen sind erneuerbare Energie und industrielle Abwärme. Bestehende Techniken zur Nutzung dieser Energie sind komplex und haben niedrige Wirkungsgrade. An der Universität Southampton wurde daher ein modernes Konzept einer atmosphärischen Dampfmaschine entwickelt. Eine zusätzliche Expansionsphase erhöht ihren theoretischen Wirkungsgrad von 6,5 % auf 18,1 %. Erste Versuche bestätigten diese Vorhersage.
Supraleitung bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Mankowsky Roman 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSupraleiter können Strom ohne Widerstand und damit vollkommen verlustfrei transportieren. Alle bekannten Materialien müssen dafür aber mit viel Aufwand auf tiefe Temperaturen gekühlt werden. 2014 entdeckten Forscher, dass der Hochtemperatur‐Supraleiter YBCO durch die Bestrahlung mit Lichtpulsen im Infrarotbereich für wenige Pikosekunden bei Raumtemperatur supraleitend wird. Eine mögliche Ursache dafür konnte nun in Schwingungen des Kristallgitters nach der Anregung identifiziert werden. Dabei verschieben sich die Atome für eine kurze Zeit aus ihren Ruhepositionen. Die neue Struktur wird durchlässig für wandernde Cooper‐Paare. Diese können in Kupraten bei Raumtemperatur existieren.
Kosmische Uhren ticken für Einstein
Authors: Kramer Michael , Wex Norbert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDie Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie hat bislang alle Tests mit Bravour bestanden. Anfänglich waren diese nur in schwachen Gravitationsfeldern möglich. Pulsare sind die kompaktesten bekannten Körper im Universum und bieten einzigartige Möglichkeiten, Einsteins Theorie auch in starker Gravitation zu überprüfen. So ermöglichte der Hulse‐Taylor‐Pulsar PSR B1913+16 den indirekten Nachweis von Gravitationswellen. Der 2003 entdeckte Doppelpulsar PSR J0737–3039 erlaubte weitere Tests wie die Messung der relativistischen Spin‐Präzession. Zudem ließen sich bereits eine Reihe alternativer Gravitationstheorien ausschließen. Mit dem derzeit in Planung befindlichen Radioteleskop Square Kilometre Array (SKA) werden vermutlich rund 30000 bislang unbekannte Pulsare hinzukommen, von denen sich einige für neue Tests der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie eignen werden. Neuartige Tests versprechen sich Wissenschaftler auch von möglichen Pulsaren in der Nähe des massereichen Schwarzen Loches im Zentrum unserer Milchstraße, nach denen derzeit intensiv gesucht wird.
Magnetische Materialien nach Maß für die Spintronik
Authors: Vogel Marc , Chumak Andrii V. , Hillebrands Burkard , von Freymann Georg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn der Spintronik wird anstelle der elektrischen Elementarladung die zweite elementare Eigenschaft der Elektronen – der Spin – zur Informationsverarbeitung genutzt. Durch die Kopplung der Spins untereinander kann sich eine sogenannte Spinwelle – auch Magnon genannt – im Material ausbreiten. Physikern der TU Kaiserslautern ist jüngst erstmals die gezielte optische Manipulation der Spinwellen‐Propagation gelungen.
High‐Energy Pollen‐Like Porous Fe2O3/Al Thermite: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Hu Xiuli , Liao Xin , Xiao Leqin , Jian Xiaoxia , Zhou Weiliang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA pollen‐like porous Fe2O3/Al thermite was prepared by a templated method, with aluminium nanoparticles (Al‐NPs) embedded in the porous channels. The thermite prepared by reduced pressure released the largest exothermic heat during DSC testing period compared with Fe2O3/Al thermites prepared by ultrasonic mixing and physical mixing. The exothermic heats in the range of 773 K to 1273 K are 3742.3 J g−1, 2279.0 J g−1, 1981.1 J g−1, and 2621.0 J g−1 for pollen‐like Fe2O3/Al by reduced pressure, pollen‐like Fe2O3/Al by ultrasonic mixing, pollen‐like Fe2O3/Al by physical mixing, and commercial Fe2O3/Al by ultrasonic mixing, respectively. The reactivity between Fe2O3 and Al‐NPs was efficiently improved, corresponding to its enlarged contact surface area between Al‐NPs and the porous pollen‐like Fe2O3, and the reduced pre‐combustion sintering. Furthermore, pollen‐like Fe2O3/Al has good compatibility with both RDX and HMX and it is not compatible with Cl‐20 and GAP.
Optimization of THz response of strained‐Si MODFETs
Authors: Delgado‐Notario Juan A. , Meziani Yahya M. , Velázquez‐Pérez J. E. , Fobelets Kristel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on the study of strained‐Si n‐channel MODFETs as detectors of sub‐THz radiation. Simulations based on a bi‐dimensional hydrodynamic model for the charge transport coupled to a Poisson equation solver were performed. A charge boundary condition for the floating drain contact was implemented to obtain the photovoltaic response of the device. Time‐domain simulations were performed to generate the stationary time series needed to obtain the photovoltaic response. A non‐resonant THz photo‐response was obtained in agreement with experimental results and theoretical works on plasma waves devices. It was found that the photovoltaic response of s‐Si MODFETs with non self‐aligned gates is strongly influenced by both gate's length and topology. In particular, it was demonstrated that at frequencies around 0.3 THz a double‐finger gate delivers a stronger PV response than a conventional single‐finger gate structure. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High structural quality InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells
Authors: Dogmus Ezgi , Zegaoui Malek , Largeau Ludovic , Tchernycheva Maria , Neplokh Vladimir , Weiszer Saskia , Schuster Fabian , Stutzmann Martin , Foldyna Martin , Medjdoub Farid 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we report on high structural quality of above 15% indium content InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures with high equivalent thickness for solar cell applications. The structural and optical characterizations revealed fully strained 25 pairs of InGaN/GaN MQW solar cells with 24% indium content which shows extended spectral response up to 530 nm. In particular, defect density of the active region of In0.15 Ga0.85N/GaN MQW solar cell has been assessed in top view electron beam induced current (EBIC) analysis. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new model reference control architecture: Stability, performance, and robustness
Authors: De La Torre Gerardo , Yucelen Tansel , Johnson Eric N. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we develop a new model reference control architecture to effectively suppress system uncertainties and achieve a guaranteed transient and steady‐state system performance. Unlike traditional robust control frameworks, only a parameterization of the system uncertainty given by unknown weights with known conservative bounds is needed to stabilize uncertain dynamical systems with predictable system performance. In addition, the proposed architecture's performance is not dependent on the level of conservatism of the bounds of system uncertainty. Following the same train of thought as adaptive controllers that modify a given reference system to improve system performance, the proposed method is inspired by a recently developed command governor theory that minimizes the effect of system uncertainty by augmenting the input signal of the uncertain dynamical and reference systems. Specifically, a dynamical system, called a command governor, is designed such that its output is used to modify the input of both the controlled uncertain dynamical and reference systems. It is theoretically shown that if the command governor design parameter is judiciously selected, then the controlled system approximates the given original, unmodified reference system. The proposed approach is advantageous over model reference adaptive control approaches because linearity of the uncertain dynamical system is preserved through linear control laws, and hence, the closed‐loop performance is predictable for different command spectrums. Additionally, it is shown that the architecture can be modified for robustness improvements with respect to high frequency content due to, for example, measurement noise. Modifications can also be made in order to accommodate actuator dynamics and retain closed‐loop stability and predictable performance. The main contribution of this paper is the rigorous analysis of the stability and performance of a system utilizing the command governor framework. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering RNA‐binding proteins with diverse activities
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Wang Zefeng 
Published: September 2015

With generations of efforts to understand RNA functions in diverse cellular processes, RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged to be one of the central players in regulating RNA‐related pathways. RBPs control almost all aspects of RNA processing via recognizing their RNA target(s). Most of these proteins have a modular configuration, with one or more RNA‐binding domain for target recognition and various functional modules to affect the metabolism and biological functions of RNA. Thus, engineering RNA‐binding factors with customized specificity and function is extremely useful in biological and medical research. In this review, we discuss the current advances in engineering RBPs that specifically bind to diverse targets, with emphasis on the design strategies and their applications as new biological tools in various aspects of RNA metabolism and function. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:597–613. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1296This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
DFT Study of Polymorphism in Al(OH)3: A Structural Synthon Approach
Authors: Nagendran Supreeth , Periyasamy Ganga , Kamath P. Vishnu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAll the known polymorphs of Al(OH)3 comprise a stacking of charge neutral layers having the composition [Al2/3□1/3(OH)2] (□: cation vacancy) and designated by the symbol P. Employing a single Al(OH)3 layer (layer group p121/a1) as a structural synthon, the energy profile computed for the translations of P and $\bar{P}$ ($\bar{P}$: mirror image of P) layers relative to each other within a bilayer model, not only show minima corresponding to the four known polymorphs of Al(OH)3 but also predict three new polymorphs with energy minima at the stacking vectors (7/10, 5/18, 1) (polymorph B1), (1/2, 0, 1) (polymorph B2) and (2/5, 1/9, 1) (polymorph B4). Of these B1 and B2 are 0.30 eV and 0.23 eV below the energy of bayerite (B3), but 0.30 eV and 0.37 eV above the global minimum which corresponds to gibbsite. B4 is only 0.08 eV above the energy of bayerite. This quantitative structural synthon approach offers B1, B2, and B4 as legitimate targets for future synthetic efforts.
Mössbauer Spectroscopic Investigation of FeII and FeIII 3,4,5‐Trihydroxybenzoates (Gallates) – Proposed Model Compounds for Iron‐Gall Inks
Authors: Wagner Friedrich E. , Lerf Anton 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIron gallates with iron in the oxidation states Fe2+ and Fe3+ were prepared and studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. FeIII 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate (gallate) Fe(C7O5H4)·2H2O, whose structure was first determined by Wunderlich, was obtained by the reaction of gallic acid and metallic iron or by oxidation of the FeII gallate, which was obtained by the reaction of ferrous sulfate with 3,4,5‐trihydroxybezoic acid (gallic acid) under anoxic conditions. Trials to reproduce the hydrothermal preparation method of Feller and Cheetham show that the result depends crucially on the free gas volume in the reaction vessel. If there is no free volume one obtains the same FeIII gallate as in the other preparation methods. With a large free volume another compound was found to form whose composition and structure could not be determined. It could be specified only by Mössbauer spectroscopy. FeIII gallate, the FeII gallate, and the new phase show magnetic ordering at liquid helium temperature.
The collective endeavour of interpreting neuroscience–A collection of Australian based trauma informed research and practice
Authors: Tucci Joe , Mitchell Janise 
Published: September 2015

In his latest book, Touch - The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind, respected neuroscientist David Linden (2015) elegantly dives into the complexity of the circuitry that connects the body and the brain in integrative processes of experience. Detailing different types of fibres which conduct information from the sensors in our skin to the brain, he describes how the speed of information flow is critical to the way we can discern various forms of touch.
“…Fast A-fibres are necessary to transmit rapidly changing, highly nuanced signals about object shape, texture, vibration…C-fibres, in contrast, are not built to inform the parts of the brain involved in discriminative, factual aspects of touch sensation, but rather function to integrate information slowly and to discern the emotional tone of the particular touch involved….recently it has become clear that some C-fibres convey a special kind of tactile information: they appear to be tuned for interpersonal touch…C-tactile fibres are caress sensors…(p.78)”.
Amazingly, the human body has evolved so that it has sensors that are sensitive only to the experience of a caress. For children and families, the questions that arise from this insight are numerous and possibly far reaching. How do these fibres develop? Are they involved in embedding a sense of safety into our bodies? Are there circumstances in which they might be damaged? How does stress impact on their development in infants and children?
Increasing the Reliability of Fully Automated Surveillance for Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Snyders Rachael E. , Goris Ashleigh J. , Gase Kathleen A. , Leone Carole L. , Doherty Joshua A. , Woeltje Keith F. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVETo increase reliability of the algorithm used in our fully automated electronic surveillance system by adding rules to better identify bloodstream infections secondary to other hospital-acquired infections.METHODSIntensive care unit (ICU) patients with positive blood cultures were reviewed. Central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) determinations were based on 2 sources: routine surveillance by infection preventionists, and fully automated surveillance. Discrepancies between the 2 sources were evaluated to determine root causes. Secondary infection sites were identified in most discrepant cases. New rules to identify secondary sites were added to the algorithm and applied to this ICU population and a non-ICU population. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and kappa were calculated for the new models.RESULTSOf 643 positive ICU blood cultures reviewed, 68 (10.6%) were identified as central line–associated bloodstream infections by fully automated electronic surveillance, whereas 38 (5.9%) were confirmed by routine surveillance. New rules were tested to identify organisms as central line–associated bloodstream infections if they did not meet one, or a combination of, the following: (I) matching organisms (by genus and species) cultured from any other site; (II) any organisms cultured from sterile site; (III) any organisms cultured from skin/wound; (IV) any organisms cultured from respiratory tract. The best-fit model included new rules I and II when applied to positive blood cultures in an ICU population. However, they didn’t improve performance of the algorithm when applied to positive blood cultures in a non-ICU population.CONCLUSIONElectronic surveillance system algorithms may need adjustment for specific populations.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1396–1400
Lancashire and the “Undeveloped Estates”: The British Cotton Growing Association Fund-Raising Campaign, 1902–1914
Authors: Robins Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article revisits the idea of “cotton imperialism” in Britain, showing that metropolitan support for cotton projects in the British Empire was uneven. Using the records of the British Cotton Growing Association's (BCGA) fund-raising campaign of 1902–1914, the article shows that “empire cotton” did not receive widespread support in Britain. In Lancashire, some cotton capitalists financed the movement for empire cotton, but many others refused to participate. Investors were uninterested in the BCGA's business model despite their interest in other cotton projects. To make matters worse, the BCGA became a tool for politicians on both sides of the Tariff Reform controversy. Textile workers were the only major segment of the British population to accept the BCGA's claims about the value of empire-grown cotton for Britain. Their support for imperial development was, however, limited and pragmatic. The BCGA's struggle to raise money for empire cotton shows the importance of grounding the rhetoric of empire in empirical findings: in the face of the Lancashire lobby's vocal campaign for empire cotton, Britons in general were reluctant to pay for it themselves.
Roundtable: Imperial History by the Book: A Roundtable on John Darwin's The Empire Project. comment: Geostrategy (and Violence) in the Making of the Modern World
Authors: Lester Alan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn an age when both the traditional book form and the world that the British Empire made are arguably in crisis, it is remarkable that big books on British imperialism abound. Contributors to this roundtable assess scale and genre as well as content in their discussion of the claims and impact of John Darwin's tome, The Empire Project. John Darwin's response is also included.
Roundtable: Imperial History by the Book: A Roundtable on John Darwin's The Empire Project. Comment: A Field Divided
Authors: McKenzie Kirsten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn an age when both the traditional book form and the world that the British Empire made are arguably in crisis, it is remarkable that big books on British imperialism abound. Contributors to this roundtable assess scale and genre as well as content in their discussion of the claims and impact of John Darwin's tome, The Empire Project. John Darwin's response is also included.
Roundtable: Imperial History by the Book: A Roundtable on John Darwin's The Empire Project. Introduction: Empire of the Book
Authors: Burton Antoinette 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn an age when both the traditional book form and the world that the British Empire made are arguably in crisis, it is remarkable that big books on British imperialism abound. Contributors to this roundtable assess scale and genre as well as content in their discussion of the claims and impact of John Darwin's tome, The Empire Project. John Darwin's response is also included.