bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinco decenios de teoría de la arquitectura en Cuba (1963-2013) y un diálogo intergeneracional: entrevista a Roberto Segre
Authors: Farrés Delgado Yasser , Segre Roberto 
Published: October 2013

La actualidad impone retos trascendentales para Cuba. En el ámbito urbano-arquitectónico, pueden resumirse en la necesidad de solucionar ciertos conflictos, algunos heredados del pasado colonial y la República, y otros emergidos en la Revolución. Aceptando que la praxis generalizada desde 1959 ha dejado cierta frustración respecto a la utopía del proyecto social emancipador, el artículo reflexiona sobre el devenir de la teoría de la arquitectura en Cuba y sus desafíos de cara al futuro. La necesidad de una teoría transgresora respecto al marxismo ortodoxo, conduce a analizar los condicionantes que marcan la enseñanza en la Facultad de Arquitectura de La Habana, los fundamentos promulgados y las dificultades de incorporarlos a la práctica cotidiana. Un diálogo entre dos arquitectos de distintas generaciones que han sido profesores en la Disciplina de Teoría e Historia en dicha institución en momentos diferentes, se intercala con el análisis de otros escritos sobre esta problemática.
L’actualitat imposa reptes transcendentals per Cuba. En l’àmbit urbà arquitectònic, poden resumir-se en la necessitat de solucionar certs conflictes, alguns heretats del passat colonial i la República, i altres emergits a la Revolució. Acceptant que la praxis generalitzada des de 1959 ha deixat certa frustració respecte la utopia del projecte social emancipador, l’article reflexiona sobre l’esdevenir de la teoria transgressora respecte el marxisme ortodox, condueix a analitzar els condicionants que marquen l’ensenyament a la Facultat d’Arquitectura de l’Habana, els fonaments promulgats i les dificultats d’incorporar-los a la pràctica quotidiana. Un diàleg entre dos arquitectes de diferents generacions que han estat professors a la Disciplina de Teoria i Història en la citada institució en moments diferents, s’intercala amb l’anàlisi d’altres escrits sobre aquesta problemàtica.
The present time imposes momentous challenges for Cuba. In the urban and architectural field, it can be summarized in the necessity of solving certain conflicts, some inherited from the colonial past and the Republic, and others emerged in the Revolution. Accepting that the widespread practice since 1959 has left certain frustration regarding the utopia of the emancipatory social project, this article meditates around the becoming of the theory of architecture in Cuba and its challenges for the future. The necessity of a transgressor theory regarding the orthodox Marxism leads to analyze the conditions that mark the teaching in the Faculty of Architecture of Havana, the promulgated fundamentals and the difficulties of incorporating them into the daily practice. A dialogue between two architects from different generations who have been professors in the Discipline of Theory and History in that institution at different times is interspersed with the analysis of other writings on this issue.
Simultaneous ground and satellite observations of discrete auroral arcs, substorm aurora, and Alfvénic aurora with FAST and THEMIS GBO
Authors: Colpitts Christopher A. , Hakimi Sahel , Cattell Cynthia A. , Dombeck John , Maas Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThree distinct types of aurora are observed during separate events, using simultaneous measurements on the ground with all sky imagers from the THEMIS Ground‐Based Observatories and in situ with the FAST auroral satellite. The three cases show discrete stable arcs, substorm aurora, and Alfvénic aurora. The field‐aligned current structure associated with each type of aurora is shown to agree with contemporary auroral models. Inverted‐V type aurora with electron energy peaks of 1–10 keV are observed, and are associated with upward current regions and discrete auroral arcs seen in the all sky imagers. Downward currents are also identified and correlated with regions without visible aurora, and Alfvénic electron precipitation is associated with mixed current regions and dynamic aurora evident in the all sky images. The substorm aurora observed also shows upward current regions and inverted‐V's associated with bright spots in the ground‐based images. The images shown in association with the substorm aurora correlate well with existing substorm models, including that of Akasofu [1964]. In this study we present these new ground and satellite conjunctions and use them to confirm existing theories of auroral acceleration mechanisms. Additionally, we compare the observations to existing substorm models and investigate differences between specific substorms and the various auroral forms associated with them.
Urban measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid: A caveat on the interpretation of the HONO photostationary state
Authors: Lee B. H. , Wood E. C. , Herndon S. C. , Lefer B. L. , Luke W. T. , Brune W. H. , Nelson D. D. , Zahniser M. S. , Munger J. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNumerous studies infer the existence of an “unknown” daytime HONO source based on the assumption that HONO is at photostationary state (PSS). Secondary HONO production rate as high as 1.1 ppb hr−1can be estimated from this approach, based on measurements made during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors campaign in May of 2009. We argue, however, that the PSS assumption might not have been valid because the transport time from nearby NOxemission sources to the measurement site was likely less than the time required for HONO in vehicle exhaust to reach PSS. Using a chemical box model, we demonstrate that there is initially net HONO formation as high levels of NO in exhaust react with ambient OH. Net production is followed by a period of net HONO loss dominated by photolysis that is sustained for several minutes to hours depending on time of day. The presence of relatively fresh exhaust in sampled air can partially, if not fully, account for the observed measurement PSS discrepancy. We also show that a large fraction of the observed nighttime increase in HONO/NOxratio is explained by NO2oxidation. These results do not rule out the existence of an unexplained secondary HONO source but suggest that great care must be exercised when applying the PSS method to quantify its strength.
Spatial and particle size distributions of atmospheric dissolvable iron in aerosols and its input to the Southern Ocean and coastal East Antarctica
Authors: Gao Y. , Xu G. , Zhan J. , Zhang J. , Li W. , Lin Q. , Chen L. , Lin H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo characterize atmospheric dissolvable iron over the Southern Ocean (SO) and coastal East Antarctica (CEA), bulk and size‐segregated (0.056–18 µm in diameter) aerosols were collected from 34°S, 109°E to 69°S, 76°E and between 69°S, 76°E and 66°S, 110°E during a cruise during November 2010 to March 2011. Aerosols were analyzed for total dissolvable Fe and Fe(II) by UV/Visible spectroscopy and total Fe by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The average concentrations of total Fe were 19 ng m−3 (range: 10–38 ng m−3) over the SO and 26 ng m−3 (range: 14–56 ng m−3) in CEA. The average Fe(II) concentrations were 0.22 ng m−3 (range: 0.13–0.33 ng m−3) over the SO and 0.53 ng m−3 (range: 0.18–1.3 ng m−3) over CEA; the total dissolvable Fe followed the same trend. Over the SO, a single‐peak size distribution of Fe(II) existed. Over CEA, a bimodal size distribution of Fe(II) appeared, with the first peak at 0.32–0.56 µm and the second peak at 5.6–10 µm. Higher Fe concentrations over CEA than over the SO and the existence of coarse mode Fe(II) over CEA suggest potential dust sources in Antarctica. The fractional Fe(II) solubility ranged from 0.58% to 6.5% and decreased with total Fe concentration increase. The estimated atmospheric fluxes of Fe(II) were 0.007–0.092 mg m−2 yr−1 over the SO and 0.022–0.21 mg m−2 yr−1 in CEA. Total dissolvable Fe fluxes were 0.007–0.52 mg m−2 yr−1 over the SO. The atmospheric dissolvable Fe input contributes to the dissolved Fe pool in the SO surface waters.
Isolated truncus arteriosus associated with a mutation in the plexin‐D1 gene
Authors: Ta‐Shma Asaf , Pierri Ciro Leonardo , Stepensky Polina , Shaag Avraham , Zenvirt Shamir , Elpeleg Orly , Rein Azaria J.J.T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTruncus arteriosus accounts for approximately 1% of congenital heart defects and the cause of isolated non‐syndromic truncus arteriosus is largely unknown. In order to identify the underlying molecular defect in a consanguineous family with recurrent tuncus arteriosus, homozygosity mapping followed by whole exome sequencing was performed. This resulted in the identification of a homozygous mutation, Arg1299Cys, in the PLXND1 gene. The mutation affected a highly conserved residue, segregated with the disease in the family and was absent from available SNP databases and ethnic matched controls. in silico comparative modeling revealed that the mutation resides in the N‐terminal segment of the human plexin‐D1 intracellular region which interacts with the catalytic GTPase‐activating protein homology region. The mutation likely destabilizes the intracellular region, perturbing its anchoring and catalytic activity. The phenotype in human PLXND1 mutation is closely related to that of knockout mice for PLXND1, its co‐receptor neuropilin‐1 or its ligand SEMA3C. It is therefore suggested that SEMA3C signaling, propagated through the heterodimer receptor plexin‐D1/neuropilin, is important for truncus arteriosus septation. Confirmation of this observation will require the identification of PLXND1 mutations in additional patients. Exome analysis is valuable for molecular investigation of single patients with congenital heart defects in whom chromosomal copy number variants have been excluded. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergistic flame‐retardant effect of halloysite nanotubes on intumescent flame retardant in LDPE
Authors: Zhao Jing , Deng Cheng‐Liang , Du Shuang‐Lan , Chen Li , Deng Cong , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSynergistic flame‐retardant effect of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter (CC) test, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results of LOI and UL‐94 tests indicated that the addition of HNTs could dramatically increase the LOI value of LDPE/IFR in the case that the mass ratio of HNTs to IFR was 2/28 at 30 wt % of total flame retardant. Moreover, in this case the prepared samples could pass the V‐0 rating in UL‐94 tests. CC tests results showed that, for LDPE/IFR, both the heat release rate and the total heat release significantly decreased because of the incorporation of 2 wt % of HNTs. SEM observations directly approved that HNTs could promote the formation of more continuous and compact intumescent char layer in LDPE/IFR. TGA results demonstrated that the residue of LDPE/IFR containing 2 wt % of HNTs was obviously more than that of LDPE/IFR at the same total flame retardant of 30 wt % at 700°C under an air atmosphere, and its maximum decomposing rate was also lower than that of LDPE/IFR, suggesting that HNTs facilitated the charring of LDPE/IFR and its thermal stability at high temperature in this case. Both TGA and SEM results interpreted the mechanism on the synergistic effect of HNTs on IFR in LDPE, which is that the migration of HNTs to the surface during the combustion process led to the formation of a more compact barrier, resulting in the promotion of flame retardancy of LDPE/IFR. In addition, the mechanical properties of LDPE/IFR/HNTs systems were studied, the results showed that the addition of 0.5–2 wt % of HNTs could increase the tensile strength and the elongation at break of LDPE/IFR simultaneously. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40065.
In vitro experimental system for evaluating inhibitory effect of investigational drugs on P‐glycoprotein‐mediated transcellular transport of tacrolimus (FK506)
Authors: Oda Kazuo , Nemoto Hiroyuki , Nagasaka Yasuhisa , Kawamura Akio , Usui Takashi 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, an in vitro experimental system for evaluating the inhibitory effect of investigational drugs on the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, MDR1)‐mediated transport of tacrolimus (FK506) was developed using LLC‐PK1‐MDR1 and LLC‐PK1 wild‐type (control) cells. The amount of tacrolimus (concentrations: 1 and 5 μm) transported into P‐gp‐expressing and control cells increased with time in both the apical‐to‐basal and basal‐to‐apical directions at incubation times ranging from 40 min to 2 h. The corrected apparent permeability (Papp) ratio, obtained by dividing the Papp ratio in P‐gp‐expressing cells by that in the control cells, ranged from 2.6 to 5.3, showing significant differences in the transport of tacrolimus between the P‐gp‐expressing cells and the control cells. This system was then subsequently used to examine the P‐gp transport of tacrolimus in the presence of verapamil (30 μm), a model inhibitor for P‐gp‐mediated transport activity. The corrected Papp ratios in the absence and presence of verapamil were 6.9 and 0.8, respectively. Data derived in the present study suggest that our developed system has the ability to detect a sufficient difference in the P‐gp transport of tacrolimus between P‐gp‐expressing and control cells, and we therefore believe our system to be suitable for use in evaluating the inhibitory effects of investigational drugs on the P‐gp‐mediated transport of tacrolimus. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of molecular structure of sugar‐phosphate backbone and nucleic acid bases in the formation of single‐stranded and double‐stranded DNA structures
Authors: Poltev Valeri , Anisimov Victor M. , Danilov Victor I. , Garcia Dolores , Sanchez Carolina , Deriabina Alexandra , Gonzalez Eduardo , Rivas Francisco , Polteva Nina 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTOur previous DFT computations of deoxydinucleoside monophosphate complexes with Na+‐ions (dDMPs) have demonstrated that the main characteristics of Watson‐Crick (WC) right‐handed duplex families are predefined in the local energy minima of dDMPs. In this work, we study the mechanisms of contribution of chemically monotonous sugar‐phosphate backbone and the bases into the double helix irregularity. Geometry optimization of sugar‐phosphate backbone produces energy minima matching the WC DNA conformations. Studying the conformational variability of dDMPs in response to sequence permutation, we found that simple replacement of bases in the previously fully optimized dDMPs, e.g. by constructing Pyr‐Pur from Pur‐Pyr, and Pur‐Pyr from Pyr‐Pur sequences, while retaining the backbone geometry, automatically produces the mutual base position characteristic of the target sequence. Based on that, we infer that the directionality and the preferable regions of the sugar‐phosphate torsions, combined with the difference of purines from pyrimidines in ring shape, determines the sequence dependence of the structure of WC DNA. No such sequence dependence exists in dDMPs corresponding to other DNA conformations (e.g., Z‐family and Hoogsteen duplexes). Unlike other duplexes, WC helix is unique by its ability to match the local energy minima of the free single strand to the preferable conformations of the duplex. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 640–650, 2014.
Efficacy of salvage stereotactic radiotherapy for recurrent glioma: impact of tumor morphology and method of target delineation on local control
Authors: Ogura Kengo , Mizowaki Takashi , Arakawa Yoshiki , Sakanaka Katsuyuki , Miyamoto Susumu , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the efficacy of salvage stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for recurrent glioma. From August 2008 to December 2012, 30 patients with recurrent glioma underwent salvage SRT. The initial histological diagnoses were World Health Organization (WHO) grades II, III, and IV in 6, 9, and 15 patients, respectively. Morphologically, the type of recurrence was classified as diffuse or other. Two methods of clinical target delineation were used: A, a contrast‐enhancing tumor; or B, a contrast‐enhancing tumor with a 3–10‐mm margin and/or surrounding fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) high‐intensity areas. The prescribed dose was 22.5–35 Gy delivered in five fractions at an isocenter using a dynamic conformal arc technique. The overall survival (OS) and local control probability (LCP) after SRT were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. A univariate analysis was used to test the effect of clinical variables on OS/LCP. The median follow‐up period was 272 days after SRT. The OS and LCP were 83% and 56% at 6 months after SRT, respectively. Morphologically, the tumor type correlated significantly with both OS and LCP (P = 0.006 and <0.001, respectively). The method of target delineation also had a significant influence on LCP (P = 0.016). Grade 3 radiation necrosis was observed in two patients according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3. Salvage SRT was safe and effective for recurrent glioma, especially non‐diffuse recurrences. Improved local control might be obtained by adding a margin to contrast‐enhancing tumors or including increased FLAIR high‐intensity areas.
Shear and Elongational Deformation of Polymer Melts in a Wedge Slit
Authors: Geiger Kalman , Grünschloß Eberhard , Martin Gerhard A. , Platz Evelyn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Strömungsanalyse für den Keilspalt mit ebenen Begrenzungsflächen für strukturviskose Flüssigkeiten soll numerisch durchgeführt werden. Ergänzend zu dieser Analyse wird die Strömung im kombinierten Keilspalt/Flachspalt‐System berechnet. Scherung, Verstreckung und Gesamtdeformation am Keilspaltaustritt werden durch spezifische Maßzahlen quantifiziert. Die berechnete mittlere Verweilzeit im Keilspalt gestattet die Berechnung vorliegender Dehngeschwindigkeiten und der Deborah‐Zahl zur Charakterisierung des entropieelastischen Zustandes der Schmelzeteilchen.
Capacity Decay Mechanism of Microporous Separator‐Based All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries and its Recovery
Authors: Li Bin , Luo Qingtao , Wei Xiaoliang , Nie Zimin , Thomsen Edwin , Chen Baowei , Sprenkle Vincent , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe results of the investigation of the capacity decay mechanism of vanadium redox flow batteries with microporous separators as membranes are reported. The investigation focuses on the relationship between the electrochemical performance and electrolyte compositions at both the positive and negative half‐cells. Although the concentration of total vanadium ions remains nearly constant at both sides over cycling, the net transfer of solution from one side to the other and thus the asymmetrical valance of vanadium ions caused by the subsequent disproportionate self‐discharge reactions at both sides lead to capacity fading. Through in situ monitoring of the hydraulic pressure of the electrolyte during cycling at both sides, the convection was found to arise from differential hydraulic pressures at both sides of the separators and plays a dominant role in capacity decay. A capacity‐stabilizing method is developed and was successfully demonstrated through the regulation of gas pressures in both electrolyte tanks.
Examination of Age‐dependent effects of fetal ethanol exposure on behavior, hippocampal cell counts, and doublecortin immunoreactivity in rats
Authors: Elibol‐Can Birsen , Dursun Ilknur , Telkes Ilknur , Kilic Ertugrul , Canan Sinan , Jakubowska‐Dogru Ewa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEthanol is known as a potent teratogen having adverse effects on brain and behavior. However, some of the behavioral deficits caused by fetal alcohol exposure and well expressed in juveniles ameliorate with maturation may suggest some kind of functional recovery occurring during postnatal development. The aim of this study was to reexamine age‐dependent behavioral impairments in fetal‐alcohol rats and to investigate the changes in neurogenesis and gross morphology of the hippocampus during a protracted postnatal period searching for developmental deficits and/or delays that would correlate with behavioral impairments in juveniles and for potential compensatory processes responsible for their amelioration in adults. Ethanol was delivered to the pregnant dams by intragastric intubation throughout 7–21 gestation days at daily dose of 6 g/kg. Isocaloric intubation and intact control groups were included. Locomotor activity, anxiety, and spatial learning tasks were applied to juvenile and young‐adult rats from all groups. Unbiased stereological estimates of hippocampal volumes, the total number of pyramidal and granular cells, and double cortin expressing neurons were carried out for postnatal days (PDs) PD1, PD10, PD30, and PD60. Alcohol insult during second trimester equivalent caused significant deficits in the spatial learning in juvenile rats; however, its effect on hippocampal morphology was limited to a marginally lower number of granular cells in dentate gyrus (DG) on PD30. Thus, initial behavioral deficits and the following functional recovery in fetal‐alcohol subjects may be due to more subtle plastic changes within the hippocampal formation but also in other structures of the extended hippocampal circuit. Further investigation is required. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 498–513, 2014
Aryloxybenzylidene Ruthenium Chelates: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Żak Patrycja , Rogalski Szymon , Kubicki Maciej , Przybylski Piotr , Pietraszuk Cezary 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNew aryloxybenzylidene ruthenium chelates behave like a promising latent catalyst of olefin metathesis. The catalysts are characterised by substantial stability and catalytic inactivity in their dormant forms and a dramatic increase in activity after addition of a solution of HCl in ether. The mechanism of activation involves protonation of the phenoxide and the formation of a highly catalytically active hydroxybenzylidene ruthenium chelate.
Active spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Zhao Bingxuan , Sasaki Shigenobu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn energy detection‐based active spectrum sensing scheme is proposed to carry out spectrum sensing and secondary transmissions simultaneously. It successfully avoids the widely used quiet periods, which have at least two shortcomings. First, periodical interruptions of secondary transmissions degrade the quality of service of secondary networks (e.g. decreasing the system capacity and increasing end‐to‐end packet delay). Second, frequent tight synchronisation is necessary but very difficult to implement in the distributed networks. With the assistance of the geolocations, the proposed sensing scheme is able to decompose the received power into the primary signal power, secondary signal power, and the device noise power. The power decomposition is formulated into a problem of solving a homogeneous linear equation set with a coefficient matrix involving only the distances among the primary users, secondary users, and the sensors. Through the decomposition, the primary signal power can be differentiated from the secondary signal power, which is generally treated as interference in spectrum sensing. When constructing the test statistic, such interference can be cancelled from the collected energy. As a result, the noise uncertainty problem, which significantly compromises the performance of the energy detection, can be greatly alleviated by noticing the fact that the interference dominates the noise uncertainty problem. Because the achieved signal‐to‐interference ratio can be improved by cancelling the interference, the detection errors in terms of the probability of false alarm and missed detection can be significantly reduced. Simulations verify the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.