bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and oxidation behavior of Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhu Hongxi , Yuan Wenjie , Deng Chengji , Zhou Shimin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites were synthesized using a mixture of calcined bauxite, silicon carbide and carbon black as the starting materials. Al4SiC4 began to form at >1 600 °C and Al and Si were identified at 1 800 °C. Al and Si formed only when silicon carbide was in excess of the amount of SiC necessary to form Al4SiC4. The synthesized powders consisted of irregular plate-like crystals and the surfaces were molten-like. The oxidation characteristics of Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites as antioxidants were better than the oxidation characteristics of pure Al4SiC4, since their action took place mainly at 400 – 700 °C (Al – Si) and above 850 °C (Al4SiC4).
Effect of boron on wear and erosion of WC – Ni vacuum brazed coating
Authors: Joo Hyung Goun , Lee Kang Yong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Two types of WC – Ni cermet composite coating samples were manufactured using conventional vacuum brazing. One included boron in an Ni – Cr – Si brazing alloy powder sheet, and the other did not. Ball-on-disk wear testing and erosion testing by solid particle attacks were conducted to study their properties. The microstructure of each sample was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns were also surveyed and the 3D morphologies of the eroded surface were investigated. Boron addition in the brazing alloy sheet was more effective in improving the abrasive wear resistance than erosion of solid particle impaction.
Constitutive modelling of mill loads during hot rolling of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Nkhoma Richard K. C. , Siyasiya Charles W. , Stumpf Waldo E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A modelled constitutive equation derived from hot working tests to predict hot rolling mill loads is proposed and validated against industrial hot rolling data for AISI 321 stainless steel. Good correlation is found between the predicted mean flow stress, the Zener–Hollomon Z parameter and actual industrial mill load values from mill logs if allowances are made for differences in von Mises plane strain conversion, friction and front or back end tension. The multipass hot working behaviour of this steel was simulated through Gleeble thermomechanical compression testing with the deformation temperature varying between 1200°C down to 800°C and the strain rate between 0.001 s−1 and 5 s−1. At strain rates greater than 0.05 s−1, dynamic recovery as a softening mechanism was dominant, increasing the dynamic recrystallisation to dynamic recovery transition temperature to higher temperatures. This implies that through extrapolation to typical industrial strain rates of about 60 s−1, most likely no dynamic recrystallisation in plant hot rolling occurs in this steel but only dynamic recovery. Grain refinement by dynamic recrystallisation is, therefore, unlikely in this steel under plant hot rolling conditions. Finally, mill load modelling using the hot working constitutive constants of the near-equivalent AISI 304 instead of those specifically determined for AISI 321, introduces measurable differences in the predicted mill loads. The use of alloy-specific hot working constants even for near-equivalent steels is, therefore, recommended.
Reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with different diameters and crystallinity of TiO2 nanoparticles – synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Onyszko Magdalena , Zielińska Beata , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
TiO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with different diameters and crystallinity of titania nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method followed by calcination in air or treatment under vacuum. The materials were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and diffuse-reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the resulting materials was examined in the process of phenol decomposition under UV–vis light irradiation. The influences of TiO2 loading and calcination treatment on photocatalytic activity of the composites were investigated. It was found that higher TiO2 concentrations resulted in higher photocatalytic activity. This is in agreement with the band gap energy values, as lower visible light absorption and higher E
g values were obtained for the samples prepared with higher TiO2 loading. Furthermore, photoactivity was affected by the calcination treatment. Higher activity under UV–vis was shown by the samples calcinated under vacuum, which was attributed to the better crystallinity compared to the samples treated with air.
Diffusivities and atomic mobilities of an Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melt
Authors: Chen Weimin , Zhang Lijun , Du Yong , Huang Baiyun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The recently developed Arrhenius formula of a modified Sutherland equation was employed to calculate the self- and impurity diffusivities in liquid Sn, Ag, Bi, Cu and Pb. The reliability of the calculated self- and impurity diffusivities was validated by comparing the calculated diffusivities with the critically reviewed literature data. Based on the reliable tracer, intrinsic and chemical diffusivities available in the literature, the atomic mobility parameters in an Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melt were then evaluated by the DICTRA (DIffusion-Controlled TRAnsformations) software package with the aid of the available thermodynamic description for the liquid phase. Comprehensive comparisons show that most of the measured and theoretical diffusivities in Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melts can be reasonably reproduced by the currently obtained atomic mobilities. The atomic mobilities were further verified by comparing the model-predicted concentration profiles with the measured ones in various liquid Ag–Pb, Bi–Pb and Sn–Bi–Pb diffusion couples. Finally, the simulation of dissolution of Ag and Cu substrates into liquid solder alloys during the reflow process was performed by using the presently obtained atomic mobilities in the Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melts.
Tubular Film Extrusion Stability of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Kim K. , Kang H. J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The bubble stability of tubular film extrusion in metallocene linear low density polyethylene(m-LLDPE) and metallocene linear low density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene(m-LLDPE/LLDPE) blend was investigated. Unstable bubble characteristics in m-LLDPE were found at low draw down ratio (DR) with a symmetric periodic bubble instability at low blow up ratio (BUR) and a helical instability at high blow up ratio. However, m-LLDPE showed better operation windows in tubular film extrusion than that of LLDPE, especially in bubble instability at low BUR. Both bubble instability and helical instability in LLDPE tubular film extrusion were enhanced by the blending with m-LLDPE. m-LLPE possesses higher melt elasticity as compared to m-LLDPE and LLDPE due to the long chain branching introduced by 1-octene co-monomer during polymerization. Blending resulted in broadening of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and thus increase in activation energy.
Experiments and Analysis of Effect of Calender Gaps on Melting of PVC Powders in an Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin-screw Extruder
Authors: Wang D. , Min K. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Our ultrasound in-line monitoring studies revealed that dispersion or dissipation melting mechanism played a dominant role during melting of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) in an intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. It is found that calendering effect between two screws contributes to the melting of PVC particles, and results in dispersion or dissipation melting. Thus, in this paper, a dispersed melting model in calender gaps is considered to predict polymer melting length in terms of numbers of calender gaps. Effects of screw geometries (channel depth, calender gap clearance) and processing conditions including screw speed and leakage flow on melting length are discussed for particle-filled fluid models. The calculated results are compared with experimental observations by both “screw pulling out” method and ultrasound in-line monitoring method. Ultrasound in-line monitoring provides a solution to overcome the time delay occurred in screw-pulling out method.
Multilayer Barrier Film of Biaxially Oriented PA6/EVOH by Double Bubble Tubular Film Process
Authors: Takashige M. , Kanai T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the market, a film adapted to environmental and barrier problems is desired. The previous report discussed easy tear and gas barrier PA6 film. This report discusses the multilayer PA6 film having high barrier EVOH layer.
A biaxially oriented PA6 film produced by double bubble tubular film process has high strength, but does not have enough gas barrier property compared with K-coated PA6. In the following a multilayer film with gas barrier layer is studied. A high gas barrier layer of EVOH is added to the center layer in the outer layers of PA6 films. The gas barrier ability increases with increasing the content of EVOH and decreasing ethylene content of EVOH, but at the same time the mechanical properties and processability get worse. From this point of view, it is found that the optimum content of EVOH is between 20% and 43%.
In a biaxially oriented multilayer film composed of PA6 layers and EVOH one keeps high strength and high gas barrier. The material and production technology of a PA6 film can solve environmental and barrier problems.
Patients' cosmetic satisfaction, pain, and functional outcomes after supraorbital craniotomy through an eyebrow incision
Authors: Reisch Robert , Marcus Hani J. , Hugelshofer Michael , Koechlin Nicolas Olmo , Stadie Axel , Kockro Ralf A. 
Published: May 2014

Object
The supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision offers the opportunity to access a wide variety of lesions of the anterior, middle, and even the posterior fossa. The minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy limits brain exploration and retraction and offers the potential for improved surgical outcomes and reduced approach-related complications. Patient satisfaction, however, has not yet been reported in the literature.

Methods
From January 2002 through December 2011, the lead author (R.R.) used a supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision for 418 patients with cerebral aneurysms, brain tumors or cystic lesions, and other miscellaneous pathological conditions. For 408 of these patients, a detailed retrospective case note review was conducted to extract data on surgical outcomes and complications, and 375 patients completed a follow-up patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Results
During the early perioperative period, 8 patients died (overall mortality rate 2.0%). Among patients surveyed, the overall level of satisfaction was high. Patients rated pain from the scar and headache on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = no pain, 5 = severe pain) as follows: pain was a score of 1 for 289 patients (77.0%), 2 for 46 (12.3%), 3 for 22 (5.9%), 4 for 12 (3.2%), and 5 for 6 (1.6%). Patients also rated cosmetic outcome on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = very pleasant, 5 = very unpleasant) as follows: outcome was a score of 1 for 315 patients (84.0%), 2 for 33 (8.8%), 3 for 14 (3.7%), 4 for 10 (2.7%), and 5 for 3 (0.8%). Postoperative chewing difficulty was reported for 8 patients (8 [2.1%] temporary, 0 permanent); palsy of the frontal muscle for 21 patients (5.6%; 13 [3.5%] temporary, 8 [2.1%] permanent); frontal hypesthesia for 31 patients (8.3%; 18 [4.8%] temporary, 13 [3.4%] permanent); and hyposmia for 11 patients (2.9%; 3 [0.8%] temporary, 8 [2.1%] permanent).

Conclusions
The supraorbital approach to the anterior, middle, and posterior fossae through an eyebrow incision offers a favorable rate of approach-associated surgical complications and high patient satisfaction with cosmetic outcome.
Telemedicine Applied to Kinesiotherapy for Hand Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recovery of Movement and Telemonitoring Technology
Authors: Piga Matteo , Tradori Iosto , Pani Danilo , Barabino Gianluca , Dessì Alessia , Raffo Luigi , Mathieu Alessandro 
Published: June 2014

Objective.To describe a feasibility study focused on a telemonitoring approach to self-managed kinesiotherapy sessions for the rehabilitation of hand function in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Ten patients with SSc and 10 with RA were enrolled in a 3-month controlled trial (approval no. 9751/2012 – Italian Department of Health) to perform a home kinesiotherapy protocol, consisting of strengthening and mobility exercises, using a newly developed telemedicine system (a portable device and the related telemonitoring infrastructure). A further 10 patients with SSc and 10 with RA were enrolled as controls to perform a similar home kinesiotherapy protocol with the aid of common daily-life objects. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and at followup, after 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the trial was hand function measured by Dreiser’s index (Functional Index for Hand OA, FIHOA), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS) test (only for SSc).Results.Patients with SSc showed an improvement of FIHOA in both arms (p < 0.01) but the HAQ (p = 0.016) and the HAMIS test (right hand p = 0.016, left hand p = 0.075) improved significantly only in the experimental arm. Patients with RA showed a statistically significant improvement of FIHOA (p = 0.013) and HAQ (p = 0.015) in the experimental arm, while patients in the control arm did not significantly improve. However, no statistically significant differences in outcome measures between treatment methods were observed. Withdrawals were higher in control arms (SSc 20%; RA 30%) than in experimental arms (SSc 10%; RA 10%).Conclusion.Telemonitoring of self-administered kinesiotherapy programs is a promising approach to the rehabilitation of hand functions in patients with rheumatic disease.
GIS Analysis Of Pockmarks From 3D Seismic Exploration Surveys
Authors: Geldof Jean-Baptiste , Gafeira Joana , Contet Julien , Marquet Simon 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Today Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are present at all stages of Exploration and Production process. Its strength is the ability to combine datasets from each specialty of Geosciences: geology, geophysical, geochemistry, geotechnic, metocean. GIS are widely known for being a powerful tool to gather and archive all geographical data but one of the major strength of a GIS is its capacity to be used for analyzing the data. The proposed GIS approach is a real added value for seabed geohazards assessment for subsea layout validation. The semi-automatic method of seabed pockmarks characterization using GIS and multibeam datasets established by the British Geological Survey in 2012 (Gafeira et al. 2012) has been re-used and improved on exploration 3D seismic data. 1688 seabed pockmarks are mapped over a particular area of interest offshore West Africa. Geomorphologic characteristics are extracted and cross-correlated with 3D seismic amplitude for each pockmark. Correlation coefficients are calculated to highlight the link between pockmark shape and amplitude (indirectly pockmark activity).
A second horizon extracted from 3D seismic data has been used to map buried pockmarks, allowing a comparison with seabed pockmarks. The migration path of each pockmark is automatically generated. Orientation of the migration line is found to be consistent with seabed currents, confirming the influence of seabed currents on pockmark migration. Density maps set up for the seabed and buried pockmarks show particular areas with a strong increase of pockmark density, other areas more stable and some areas with a decline of activity.
Play of Sniffication:
Authors: Seegert Natasha 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIndigenous to North and Central America, the coyote has been revered in the stories of native tribes, trapped by ranchers, and detonated in Saturday morning cartoons. Recently, the coyote has assumed the role of “patroller” in downtown Chicago. This article considers how the coyotes in Chicago decenter and disrupt the logics of rhetoric, in which leads to an encounter with animal rhetorics that are not solely produced by the human animal. The coyotes' play of “sniffication,” not only ruptures the logics of a center but also the anthropocentric system the center was a part of, an anthropocentric structure that attempts to keep rhetoric confined within the sphere of human animals. The texts surrounding the coyotes reveal the unfixed notion of a marginalized being who challenges structural and rhetorical norms.
A Multiplex High-Throughput Gene Expression Assay to Simultaneously Detect Disease and Functional Markers in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Ferrer Marc , Corneo Barbara , Davis Janine , Wan Qin , Miyagishima Kiyoharu Joshua , King Rebecca , Maminishkis Arvydas , Marugan Juan , Sharma Ruchi , Shure Michael , Temple Sally , Miller Sheldon , Bharti Kapil 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There is continuing interest in the development of lineage-specific cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for use in cell therapies and drug discovery. Although in most cases differentiated cells show features of the desired lineage, they retain fetal gene expression and do not fully mature into “adult-like” cells. Such cells may not serve as an effective therapy because, once implanted, immature cells pose the risk of uncontrolled growth. Therefore, there is a need to optimize lineage-specific stem cell differentiation protocols to produce cells that no longer express fetal genes and have attained “adult-like” phenotypes. Toward that goal, it is critical to develop assays that simultaneously measure cell function and disease markers in high-throughput format. Here, we use a multiplex high-throughput gene expression assay that simultaneously detects endogenous expression of multiple developmental, functional, and disease markers in iPS cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We optimized protocols to differentiate iPS cell-derived RPE that was then grown in 96- and 384-well plates. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate differential expression of eight genes in iPS cells, iPS cell-derived RPE at two different differentiation stages, and primary human RPE using this multiplex assay. The data obtained from the multiplex gene expression assay are significantly correlated with standard quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based measurements, confirming the ability of this high-throughput assay to measure relevant gene expression changes. This assay provides the basis to screen for compounds that improve RPE function and maturation and target disease pathways, thus providing the basis for effective treatments of several retinal degenerative diseases.
The nutrition transition in the Venezuelan Amazonia: Increased overweight and obesity with transculturation
Authors: Hidalgo G. , Marini E. , Sanchez W. , Contreras M. , Estrada I. , Comandini O. , Buffa R. , Magris M. , Dominguez‐Bello M.G. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesAmerindians have a particularly high propensity to overweight and obesity as they change lifestyle and experience a nutrition transition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transculturation on nutritional status in three Amazonian Amerindian villages.MethodsNutritional status was assessed in 232 volunteers: 65 Yanomami from an isolated village and 167 Guahibo subjects from villages with intermediate and high levels of transculturation.ResultsThere was a significant pattern of decreasing stunting and increasing overweight and obesity across the gradient of transculturation. From the jungle Yanomami to the intermediate and transculturated Guahibo, stunting was respectively 72, 55, and 39%, and children /adult overweight was 0, 3/44, and 15/89%. These anthropometric‐based patterns were confirmed by bioimpedance vector analysis.ConclusionsTransculturation in these Amerindian populations is associated with an increase in overweight and obesity coexisting with undernourished children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:710–712, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canalization and developmental instability of the fetal skull in a mouse model of maternal nutritional stress
Authors: Gonzalez Paula N. , Lotto Federico P. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTNutritional imbalance is one of the main sources of stress in both extant and extinct human populations. Restricted availability of nutrients is thought to disrupt the buffering mechanisms that contribute to developmental stability and canalization, resulting in increased levels of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and phenotypic variance among individuals. However, the literature is contradictory in this regard. This study assesses the effect of prenatal nutritional stress on FA and among‐individual variance in cranial shape and size using a mouse model of maternal protein restriction. Two sets of landmark coordinates were digitized in three dimensions from skulls of control and protein restricted specimens at E17.5 and E18.5. We found that, by the end of gestation, maternal protein restriction resulted in a significant reduction of skull size. Fluctuating asymmetry in size and shape exceeded the amount of measurement error in all groups, but no significant differences in the magnitude of FA were found between treatments. Conversely, the pattern of shape asymmetry was affected by the environmental perturbation since the angles between the first eigenvectors extracted from the covariance matrix of shape asymmetric component of protein restricted and control groups were not significantly different from the expected for random vectors. In addition, among‐individual variance in cranial shape was significantly higher in the protein restricted than the control group at E18.5. Overall, the results obtained from a controlled experiment do not support the view of fluctuating asymmetry of cranial structures as a reliable index for inferring nutritional stress in human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:544–553, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrierung von Estern zu Alkoholen mit einem definierten Eisenkomplex
Authors: Werkmeister Svenja , Junge Kathrin , Wendt Bianca , Alberico Elisabetta , Jiao Haijun , Baumann Wolfgang , Junge Henrik , Gallou Fabrice , Beller Matthias 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWir präsentieren die erste basenfreie Fe‐katalysierte Esterreduktion unter Verwendung von molekularem Wasserstoff. Eine Vielzahl von Carbonsäureestern und Lactonen konnte ohne den Einsatz von Additiven sehr effizient hydriert werden. Auf Grundlage von DFT‐Rechnungen und unterstützenden NMR‐spektroskopischen Experimenten wird ein Außensphärenmechanismus diskutiert. Bei diesem erfolgt ein simultaner Übergang des Wasserstoffs vom Eisenzentrum und dem Liganden.