bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of sub‐ and superharmonic motion in rotor‐stator contact using Fourier series
Authors: Alber O. , Mahner M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the description of steady‐state sub‐ and superharmonic motion in rotor‐stator contact using truncated complex Fourier series. Two different approaches are presented with different stages of simplification. In particular, a kinematic contact condition describing continuous contact is used. The multi‐harmonic balance method is applied to solve the differential algebraic system of equations. A further simplification is implemented which uses the triangular inequality to approximate the nonlinear term in the kinematic contact condition. The Fourier coefficients of the nonlinear term are calculated using an integral expression. Reasonable initial values of the Fourier coefficients for the numerical solution are obtained by a hybrid approach. Results show good agreement with calculations by direct numerical integration using a pseudo‐linear viscoelastic contact model.
Tobermolite effects on methane removal activity and microbial community of a lab-scale soil biocover
Authors: Moon Kyung-Eun , Lee Eun-Hee , Kim Tae Gwan , Cho Kyung-Suk 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Three identical lab-scale biocovers were packed with an engineered soil (BC 1), tobermolite only (BC 2), and a mixture of the soil and tobermolite (BC 3), and were operated at an inlet load of 338–400 g-CH4 m−2 d−1 and a space velocity of 0.12 h−1. The methane removal capacity was 293 ± 47 g-CH4 m−2 d−1 in steady state in the BC 3, which was significantly higher than those in the BC 1 and BC 2 (106 ± 24 and 114 ± 48 g-CH4 m−2 d−1, respectively). Quantitative PCR indicated that bacterial and methanotrophic densities (6.62–6.78 × 107 16S rDNA gene copy number g-dry sample−1 and 1.37–2.23 × 107 pmoA gene copy number g-dry sample−1 in the BC 1 and BC 3, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the BC 2. Ribosomal tag pyrosequencing showed that methanotrophs comprised approximately 60 % of the bacterial community in the BC 2 and BC 3, while they only comprised 43 % in the BC 1. The engineered soil favored the growth of total bacteria including methanotrophs, while the presence of tobermolite enhanced the relative abundance of methanotrophs, resulting in an improved habitat for methanotrophs as well as greater methane mitigation performance in the mixture. Moreover, a batch experiment indicated that the soil and tobermolite mixture could display a stable methane oxidation level over wide temperature (20–40 °C, at least 38 μmol g-dry sample−1 h−1) and pH (5–8, at least 61 μmol g-dry sample−1 h−1) ranges. In conclusion, the soil and tobermolite mixture is promising for methane mitigation.
Morphometric Analysis of the Association of Primary Shoulder Reconstruction Procedures with Scapular Growth in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Paralysis Patients
Authors: Terzis Julia K. , Karypidis Dimitrios , Mendoza Ricardo , Kokkalis Zinon T. , Diawara Norou 
Published: May 2014

Background Obstetric brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP) has been associated with shoulder deformities, scapular growth, and shoulder function impairment. The absence of balanced muscular forces acting on the scapula has been considered responsible for scapula dysplasia and impaired growth as compared with the normal side. Scapula growth impairment may also lead to shoulder and upper extremity dysfunction. This study aims at showing the association of primary nerve reconstruction with the restoration of scapular bone growth potential. Methods This is a retrospective review of 73 patients with OBPP who underwent primary shoulder reconstruction. Patients were categorized for assessment and analysis into group A, global paralysis; group B, Erb's palsy; and group C, Erb's palsy with C7 root involvement. Scapular posteroanterior and lateral X-rays were obtained in which four scapula dimensions were manually measured. The growth discrepancy depending on the applied treatment was investigated. Results The highest improvement was noted in scapular height in the Erb's palsy group who underwent simultaneous neurotization of the suprascapular and axillary nerves. The oblique axis was more improved in the Erb's palsy group while both big and small widths were more improved in the Erb's palsy with C7 root involvement group in patients who underwent concomitant neurotization of the suprascapular and the axillary nerves. Functional improvement correlated positively with growth improvement in all groups and scapular dimensions. Conclusion Scapula growth and shoulder function improvement were higher in patients with Erb's palsy. Simultaneous axillary and suprascapular nerve neurotization provided the best outcome in both functional and growth restoration.
Cell Proliferation and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in a Cell Line From Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)
Authors: Scholefield Andrew M. , Schuller Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSouthern bluefin tuna (SBT, Thunnus maccoyii) aquaculture is a highly valuable industry, but research on these fish is hampered by strict catch quotas and the limited success of captive breeding. To address these limitations, we have developed a SBT cell line (SBT‐E1) and here we report on fatty acid metabolism in this cell line. The SBT‐E1 cells proliferated well in standard Leibovitz's L‐15 cell culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the source of fatty acids. Decreasing the FBS concentration decreased the cell proliferation. Addition of the C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) or linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n‐6) to the cell culture medium had little effect on the proliferation of the cells, whereas addition of the long‐chain PUFA (LC‐PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) significantly reduced the proliferation of the cells, especially at higher concentrations and especially for DHA. Addition of vitamin E to the culture medium overcame this effect, suggesting that it was due to oxidative stress. The fatty acid profiles of the total lipid from the cells reflected those of the respective culture media with little evidence for desaturation or elongation of any of the fatty acids. The only exceptions were EPA and ARA, which showed substantial elongation to 22:5n‐3 and 22:4n‐6, respectively, and DHA, which was significantly enriched in the cells compared with the culture medium. The results are discussed in light of the dietary PUFA requirements of SBT in the wild and in aquaculture.
Prevalence and pattern of upper limb involvement in cerebral palsy
Authors: Makki Daoud , Duodu J. , Nixon Matthew 
Published: May 2014

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of upper limb involvement in children with cerebral palsy (CP), how this relates to function and how well these problems are recognised and treated. Methods One hundred consecutive patients with CP attending non-hand-related clinics were assessed. Function was assessed according to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS), the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and the ABILHAND-Kids system, and correlated to age and pattern of upper limb involvement. Patients were examined for contractures in the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. Concerns about the appearance of the hand were also assessed in older children. Results Overall, 83 % of patients had upper limb involvement, 36 % had a demonstrable contracture and 69 % had reduced hand control. The most common contracture patterns were the thumb in palm with clasp hand, shoulder adduction with internal rotation and wrist flexion with pronation. The thumb in palm with clasp hand pattern was associated with the greatest functional disability, followed by wrist flexion with pronation. Single contractures such as elbow flexion caused significant disability, whereas swan-neck contractures were, by far, less debilitating. Children aged 12 years and older had more concerns about the appearance of their hand. The ABILHAND score was strongly correlated to both the GMFCS and the MACS score. Conclusion Different patterns of upper limb involvement exist in CP and some have a significant impact on function and cause cosmetic concerns that should not be underestimated, particularly in older children.
Domainal Petrofabric Analysis of Micaceous Quartzite using EBSD Data: Role of Muscovite in LPO Evolution of Quartz
Authors: Renjith A. R. , Mamtani Manish A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract:
Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO) of quartz and muscovite are measured in a micaceous quartzite using SEM based Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The measurements were done in a thin section prepared parallel to the K1K3 plane of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) ellipsoid, which is equivalent to the XZ plane of the strain ellipsoid. Bulk data from the sample reveal that quartz c-axis develop an oblique single girdle LPO pattern indicating a dextral sense of shear. A similar pattern is produced by poles to the basal planes (001) of muscovite, which implies that muscovite controls the LPO of quartz in the rock. Petrofabric analysis of quartz is performed in domains viz. (I) not containing muscovite, (II) between two muscovite grains, and (III) rim of quartz grains around a muscovite grain. Quartz LPO pattern in Domain-III is noted to be similar to the bulk LPO recorded from the whole sample, thus confirming that muscovite was critical in textural evolution of the rock. The study thus establishes that a minor mineral phase in a rock can control the LPO of the major mineral phase, thus playing a significant role in development of bulk texture of the rock. The advantages of domainal petrofabric analysis in evaluation of slip systems in minerals in different parts of a rock, and vorticity quantification are discussed.
Lithospheric Structure below Transantarctic Mountain using Receiver Function Analysis of TAMSEIS Data
Authors: Kumar P. , Talukdar Karabi , Sen Mrinal K. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The lithospheric structure of Antarctica has been investigated from P- (PRF) and S- receiver functions (SRF) using the seismological data from Trans-Antarctic Mountain Seismic Experiment (TAMSEIS). For the stations deployed on the thick ice sheet, estimation of crustal parameters from PRF may be erroneous as the Moho conversions may interfere with the reverberations within the thick ice sheet. However, the free surface multiples are well observed in PRF. On the other hand, in SRFs, the primary conversions of interest and multiples are separated by the mother S-phase. Therefore, it is advantageous to interpret PRF and SRF jointly for the regions where we have thick low velocity layer at the top such as ice or sediments. The crustal structure and corresponding parameters have already been estimated by various workers, but here we interpret the PRF and SRF jointly to minimize the ambiguity and map the lithospheric architecture below TAM. Our analysis reveals that the average crustal thickness beneath the east Antarctica craton is ∼44 km with Vp/Vs ranging between ∼1.7 and 1.9. Below Trans-Antarctic Mountain (TAM), the average crustal thickness is ∼36 km with higher Vp/Vs of ∼1.8-2.0. The rift and the volcanic affected coastal region show erratic depths and Vp/ Vs, primarily due to the absence of either primary conversion or multiples in the receiver functions. A small number of stations far from the volcano show that the crust is thinnest (∼26 to 34 km thick) in the coastal part. The contribution of this study is the mapping of the lithospheric configuration, not done so far using SRF. The SRF section along a profile spanning E-, W-Antarctica and TAM reveals that the lithospheric thickness in the coast is ∼80 km and below TAM it is ∼120 km. In the central thick ice cover region, the lithosphere thickens upto ∼150 km towards Vostok highlands. The most intriguing feature in our SRF section is that the crust and lithosphere are shallow below TAM compared to the E-Antarctica. Further, we observe a mid-lithospheric low velocity layer confined mostly below TAM, suggesting that the thermal buoyancy could be the prime cause for the upliftment of TAM.
Application of Disjunctive Kriging for Estimating Economic Grade Distribution in an Iron Ore Deposit: A Case Study of the Choghart North Anomaly, Iran
Authors: Daya Ali Akbar 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Most significant iron ore deposits in Iran are located in Central Iran Zone. These deposits belong to the Bafq mining district. The Bafq mining district is located in the Early Cambrian Kashmar-Kerman volcanic arc of Central Iran. Linear estimation of regionalized variables (for example by inverse distance weighting or ordinary Kriging) results in relatively high estimation variances, i.e. the estimates have very low precision. Assessment of project economics (or other critical decision making) based on linear estimation is therefore risky. Non-linear estimation methods like disjunctive kriging perform better and the lower estimation variance allows less risky economic decision-making. Another advantage of disjunctive kriging is that it allows estimation of functions of the primary variable, which here is the grade (Fe %) of the ore. In particular it permits estimation of indicator functions defined using thresholds on the primary variable. This paper is devoted to application of disjunctive kriging method in Choghart North Anomaly iron ore deposit in Central Iran, Yazd province, Iran. In this study, the Fe concentration of Choghart North Anomaly iron ore deposit was modelled and estimated. The exploration data consists of borehole samples measuring the Fe concentration. A Gaussian isofactorial model is fitted to these data and disjunctive kriging was used to estimate the regionalized variable (Fe %) at unsampled locations and to assess the probabilities that the actual concentrations exceed a threshold value at a given location. Consequently a three dimensional model of probability of exceeding a threshold value and the estimated value are provided by disjunctive kriging to divide the ore into an economic and uneconomic part on the basis of estimation of indicator functions using thresholds grades defined on point support. The tools and concepts are complemented by a set of computer programs that are applied to the case study. The study showed that disjunctive kriging can be applied successfully for modeling the grade of an ore deposit. Results showed that the correlation between the estimated value and real value at locations close to each other is 81.9%.
A Method and a GUI based JAVA Code for Interactive Gravity Modeling of Strike Limited Listric Fault Sources with Arbitrary Density-depth Variations
Authors: Chakravarthi V. , Sastry S. Rajeswara , Kumar M. Pramod 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A method coupled with a GUI based computer program, FRGMLSTRK, coded in JAVA, has been developed to interactively model the gravity anomalies of strike-limited listric fault sources where the detached hanging wall of the structure consists of several geologic formations that have different densities and thicknesses. The program is simple and user friendly in the sense that it allows interactive model construction and modification, the display of fault geometry, depth and the densities of various sub-surface formations, and real-time computation of the gravity anomalies arising from the model. The non-planar fault planes are analytically constructed by fitting a polynomial function of arbitrary but specific degree to a set of points selected on the fault plane by means of a few mouse clicks in the structure panel of the graphical layout. Further, input parameters pertaining to depths and densities of formations can be specified by means of mouse clicks in respective panels. Subsequent changes in these parameters can be realized by simple drag and drop mouse operations. The modeled gravity anomalies are automatically updated and displayed whenever changes are made to: (i) the geometry of the fault plane; (ii) depths of density interfaces; and (iii) densities of formations. These changes can be made either independently or in combination. In addition to displaying the results in graphical form, the code also generates the output in ASCII format. The applicability of the code is demonstrated with both a simple synthetic model and real-world gravity anomalies from the margin of the Chintalpudi sub-basin in India.
Prevalence of sleep disorders by sex and ethnicity among older adolescents and emerging adults: Relations to daytime functioning, working memory and mental health☆
Authors: Petrov Megan E. , Lichstein Kenneth L. , Baldwin Carol M. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe study determined the prevalence of sleep disorders by ethnicity and sex, and related daytime functioning, working memory, and mental health among older adolescent to emerging adult college students. Participants were U.S.A. undergraduates (N = 1684), aged 17–25, recruited from 2010 to 2011. Participants completed online questionnaires for all variables. Overall, 36.0% of the sample screened positive for sleep disorders with insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder being the most prevalent. Women reported more insomnia and daytime impairment. African–Americans reported more early morning awakenings and less daytime impairment. Students with insomnia symptoms or restless legs syndrome tended to have lower working memory capacities. Students with nightmares or parasomnias had greater odds for mental disorders. In an older adolescent to emerging adult college student sample, sleep disorders may be a common source of sleep disturbance and impairment. Certain sleep disorders may be associated with lower working memory capacity and poor mental health.
Medical eligibility, contraceptive choice, and intrauterine device acceptance among HIV‐infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Haddad Lisa B. , Feldacker Caryl , Jamieson Denise J. , Tweya Hannock , Cwiak Carrie , Bryant Amy G. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Chaweza Thomas , Mlundira Linly , Kachale Fanny , Stuart Gretchen S. , Hoffman Irving , Phiri Sam 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine medical eligibility for contraceptive use, contraceptive preference, and acceptance of a copper intrauterine device (IUD) among a cohort of HIV‐infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsAll HIV‐infected women who received ART and sought contraceptive services at the Lighthouse clinic, an integrated HIV/ART clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi, between August and December 2010 were invited to participate in a structured interview. Eligibility and preference for the following contraceptive methods were assessed: combined hormonal contraceptives, progestogen‐only pills, copper IUD, injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), and contraceptive implants.ResultsThe final sample included 281 women; five were pregnant. The remaining 276 women were eligible for at least three contraceptive methods, with 242 (87.7%) eligible for all five methods evaluated. After counseling, 163 (58.0%) selected DMPA and 98 (34.9%) selected an IUD as their preferred contraceptive method. Regardless of their method of choice, 222 (79.0%) women agreed to have an IUD placed on the same day.ConclusionMost methods of contraception are safe for use by HIV‐infected women. Approximately 80% of the women were willing to receive an IUD. Efforts must be made to increase education about, and access to, long‐acting reversible methods that may be acceptable and appropriate contraceptive options for HIV‐infected women.
THE POWER OF MERCY IN BIBLICAL LAW
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBiblical law is a complex concept that contains several distinct legal currents. In an effort to explore the interplay of these currents, this article first focuses on the overlap between the biblical law of God and the strictly legal regulations of the Old Testament. It then unpacks the principles and inner rationalities of what is termed “archaic law” and shows that this law is connected with regulations that could be termed “mercy laws” and with cultic regulations. By extrapolating the normative dynamics between these three codes of the law, the article exposes the enormous moral, religious, and legal influence of biblical law in general and of the mercy code in particular. In this way, the article reveals a backbone of our occidental culture. The interdependence of justice and mercy drives societies and cultures to search for (humane) justice in a deep and truth-bound way and, further, to routinize social care and welfare beyond the boundaries of families and tribal relations. The article finally illuminates both commonalities and differences between mercy and a deep and encompassing understanding of love.
ON A PROBLEM OF P. HALL FOR ENGEL WORDS II
Authors: RUSSO FRANCESCO G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present paper is related to some recent studies in Abdollahi and Russo [‘On a problem of P. Hall for Engel words’,Arch. Math. (Basel) 97(2011), 407–412] and Fernández-Alcoberet al. [‘A note on conciseness of Engel words’,Comm. Algebra 40(2012), 2570–2576] on the position of the$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}n$-Engel marginal subgroup$E^*_n(G)$of a group$G$, when$n=3,4$. Describing the size of$E^*_n(G)$for$n=3,4$, we show some generalisations of classical results on the partial margins of$E^*_3(G)$and$E^*_4(G)$.
Effects of seasonal acclimation on cold tolerance and biochemical status of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, last instar larvae
Authors: Heydari M. , Izadi H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, a pest of Punica granatum, overwinters as a larva. In this study, physiological changes, water content, cold hardiness and supercooling points (SCPs) in relation to ambient temperature in the overwintering period (October to March) and changes of these factors between diapausing (February) and non-diapausing (September) larvae were studied. Pupae that were derived from diapausing larvae (April) and from non-diapausing larvae (August) were also compared. Total body sugar, lipid and protein contents increased with decrease in the temperature and reached the highest levels (12.82, 1.99 and 6.11 mg g−1 body weight, respectively) in February, but glycogen content decreased and reached the lowest level (1.12 mg g−1 body weight) in February. There were significant differences in the levels of these compounds between diapausing and non-diapausing larvae, and pupae that were derived from diapausing and non-diapausing larvae. Trehalose and myo-inositol contents increased during diapause and reached the highest levels (0.50 and 0.07 mg g−1 body weight, respectively) in February. There were significant differences in the levels of these compounds between diapausing and non-diapausing larvae, but the differences between pupae that were derived from diapausing and non-diapausing larvae were not significant. The SCP of diapausing larvae (−17.3 °C) was significantly lower than in the non-diapausing larvae (−12.0 °C). SCP decreased gradually in autumn and reached the lowest level in the middle of winter. Changes of cold hardiness were inversely proportional to SCP changes. The lowest levels of water (65%) and weight (43.13 mg) were recorded in January and March, respectively. Most probably, lipids play a role as energy reserve, and low-molecular weight carbohydrates and polyols provide cryoprotection for overwintering larvae of the carob moth. Since the overwintering larvae die at temperatures above the SCP, the carob moth larvae were found to be a chill-intolerant insect.