bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Experiences for Students: Interdisciplinary skill development to prepare the future workforce for success
Authors: Ferrari Nicole , Jenkins Carol , Garofano Jacquelynn , Day Deborah , Schwendemann Todd , Broadbridge Christine 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTResearch Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) programs traditionally function as a recruitment vehicle to encourage students to pursue further studies in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) and as an opportunity for STEM majors to delve deeper into their chosen fields of study. Based on a critical examination of REU student feedback, evaluators at CRISP (Center for Research on Interface Structures and Phenomena) have found that in addition to these conventional benefits of research-based experiences, the value of interdisciplinary skill development is integral to the REU experience and these contributions may warrant a more formal evaluative definition. Using the emerging 21st Century Skills Framework, CRISP has begun conducting a series of small-scale studies in an effort to define the contribution of student research experiences in cross-disciplinary skill development and the positive effects that exposure to real-world science practices have on refinement of career decisions and vocational success. Using Likert-type survey methods, this study directly examines current and former REU students’ perceptions of the importance of interdisciplinary 21st century skills such as creativity, collaboration, communication, information literacy, and problem-solving in their REU experience and their perceived value of these skills in their future and/or current careers. Through better understanding the role these “soft skills” play in student research experiences, CRISP hopes to maximize these interdisciplinary benefits within its REU program to best prepare students for the complex demands of the 21st century workplace.
Research on Influence of Fatigue Metal Damage of the Inner Race of Bearing on Vibration in Different Frequencies/ Badania Wpływu Uszkodzeń Na Skutek Zmeczenia Materiału Bieżni Wewnętrznej Łożyska Na Drgania W Różnych Częstotliwościach
Authors: Burdzik R. , Wegrzyn T. , Konieczny Ł. , Lisiecki A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of research on influence of fatigue metal damage of the inner race of bearing on vibration in different frequencies. The active diagnostics experiments were conducted on application of vibroacoustics methods for technical condition monitoring. Provides an overview of materials and process analysis of rolling bearings wear. The bearing damage of the inner race have been simulating. The research was conducted on special research-educational test bench for vibration monitoring for rotaring machinery. For the identification of the symptoms of the defects in the vibration signal the analysis of time realization and frequency transformation of the vibration have been conducted. For the comparison of the vibration of good and damage bearings signals registered for different frequencies have been presented in form of spectrograms and RMS distributions.
Morphology and Hardness of Electrochemically-Codeposited Ti-Dispersed Ni-Matrix Composite Coatings/ Morfologia I Twardość Elektrochemicznie Współosadzonych Powłok Kompozytowych Ni-Ti
Authors: Srikomol S. , Janetaisong P. , Boonyongmaneerat Y. , Techapiesancharoenkij R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of current density and Ti particle loading in a plating bath on the morphology and hardness of Ni-Ti composite coatings via an electrochemical-codeposition process were investigated. The Ti-reinforced Ni-matrix composite coatings were codeposited on copper substrates using a Ni-ion electrolytic solution stably suspended with -45 micron Ti particles. Within the current studied range, the coatings’ Ti contents are in the range between 46 and 62 at.%. The morphology appeared to vary with current density. Structures of the Ni-Ti composite coatings produced under low current density conditions revealed denser structures, which is in contrast to the more porous structures noted in the coatings produced under high current density. An initial increase of current density from 100 to 150 mA/cm2 also tends to raise Ti coating content. The reinforcement of Ti particles in the coatings also increased their hardness, which is attributed to the possible role of the embedded Ti particles in hindering matrix deformation. The effect of Ti loading on the coating’s Ti contents was not significant under conditions used in the present study
Characteristics of Alsi9mg/2017A Aluminum Alloys Friction Stir Welded with Offset Welding Line and Root-Side Heating/ Charakterystyka Stopów Aluminium Alsi9mg/2017A Zgrzewanych Metodą Friction Stir Welding Z Przesunięcem Linii Zgrzewania I Dodatkowym Źródłem Ciepła Od Strony Grani
Authors: Mroczka K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Welding of materials differing significantly in terms of chemical composition and microstructure is one of the main advantages of the Friction Stir Welding method. This paper presents the results of welding of a cast AlSi9Mg (hypoeutectic silumin) and 2017A aluminum alloys. The welding was performed with a high linear velocity (over 1 m/min). The modification of the process consisted in offsetting the welding line toward the advancing side, and in on application of an additional heat source from the root side. The study of the macrostructure (with high resolution of the image) revealed the presence of defects in the weld, despite greater plasticity of the material results from raising the temperature. The analysis (by SEM, SEM-EDS) of constituent stable phases within the cast alloy, showed their considerable fragmentation, however to a various degree. The material above the weld nugget was not mixed and contained micro-defects that did not result from the welding. The hardness distribution within the weld nugget, reveals slight strengthening of the both cast and wrought alloys. A metastable state of the 2017A alloy was also documented, however, the alloy hardness increased within the weld nugget due to the natural aging. On the other hand, the hardness of the heat-affected zone in this alloy does not increase also due to the natural aging.
Characteristics of Plasticity of Hot Deformed Cu-Ti Alloys/ Charakterystyki Plastyczności Odkształcanych Na Gorąco Stopów Cu-Ti
Authors: Szkliniarz A. , Blacha L. , Szkliniarz W. , Łabaj J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the paper, results of a study on the effects of deformation conditions (temperature, strain and strain rate) on flow curves, maximum flow stress and corresponding deformation of Cu-Ti alloys with various Ti contents, subjected to hot deformation, are presented. Evaluation of formability of alloys was performed with the use of a Gleeble HDS-V40 thermal-mechanical simulator during uniaxial hot compression at 700 to 900°C, strain rate of 0.1 to 10.0 s-1 and strain of 0 to 1.2 (70%). It was found that within the analysed ranges of temperature, strain rate and strain, Cu-Ti alloys underwent uniform deformation without cracking. The largest deformation resistances were observed for the alloys with the highest Ti contents; their decrease was possible with the temperature raise and the strain rate reduction.
Three-Dimensional Investigations of Finely Grained Materials/ Trójwymiarowa Analiza Materiałów Drobnokrystalicznych
Authors: Bobrowski P. , Faryna M. , Bigos A. , Homa M. , Sypien A. , Bieda M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Development of new materials requires application of sophisticated techniques to characterize microstructure in a very detailed way. The combination of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) are excellent examples of such techniques. They are based on serial sectioning of chosen region in the investigated sample followed by data acquisition using the dual-beam scanning electron microscope equipped with both electron and ion columns. Three kinds of samples have been investigated: a) are anticorrosive Ni-Mo coating on ferritic steel; b) the oxidized Crofer22 APU ferritic stainless steel; c) the Al 6013 aluminum alloy after complex plastic deformation. The obtained results allowed to analyze crystalline morphology, distribution of precipitates as well as to reconstruct internal structure of grains and grains boundaries geometry.
Reconfiguration of Point Defects in FCC and HCP Metals at Initial Stage of Recovery Process/ Rekonfiguracja Struktury Defektów Sieciowych W Początkowym Stadium Zdrowienia Metali O Sieci Rsc I Hz
Authors: Boczkal G. , Perek-Nowak M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The conducted studies regarded the analysis of change of structure of point defects occurring during initial stage of recovery of FCC (Al, Cu) and HCP (Ti, Mg and Zn) metals at temperature close to Th =0.5Tm. The changes in resistivity of the deformed and later recovered samples were measured. The recovery time was 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 min. The observed changes were correlated with reorganization of arrangement of lattice defects during annealing.
The Energy Consumption Aspects in the Vacuum Assisted Moulding Process/ Aspekty Energochłonności W Procesie Formowania Podciśnieniowego
Authors: Smyksy K. , Brzezinski M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the current manufacturing of foundry sand moulds, various methods of moulding sand compaction are used. Researchers are still looking for the optimal methods of mould manufacturing not only in terms of achieving the best technological effects, but also in terms of energy consumption. The article presents selected results of research of their own variant of the synthetic moulding sand compaction process using a vacuum. The measurements were also designed for evaluation the energy consumption in this method. The results were compared with other air flow moulding methods which are widely used. The study was performed on the original design test stand, which allows the visualization of the compaction process
The Use of Colloidal Solutions of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Investment Casting Technology/ Wykorzystanie Koloidalnych Roztworów Nanoczastek Tlenku Cynku W Technologii Wytapianych Modeli
Authors: Nowicki P. , Tokarski T. , Hutera B. , Stypuła B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Studies presented here are relevant to the investment casting technology.
The wettability of wax by the colloidal solutions of ZnO nanoparticles was tested in the following environments: esters, heptyl acetate (OH), butyl acetate (OB) and in alcohols: methanol (M), ethanol (E) and propanol (P). All colloidal solutions of ZnO showed very high effectiveness in wetting of the unmodified wax surface.
Next, onto the surface modified with colloidal solutions of ZnO, a liquid ceramic slurry was applied (CMC). The wettability of the modified wax surface by the ceramic slurry is strongly dependent on the structure of organic solvents (the number of the functional groups of -OH, -COOH and the length of carbon chains). As regards the modifier (ZnO), the best wax wettability by CMC was achieved applying previously onto the surface of the wax a colloidal solution of ZnO nanoparticles in butyl acetate (OB). The contact angle amounted to about 38 deg.
Studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis (XRD) allowed an assessment of the effect of colloidal solutions of ZnO nanoparticles on the wax - CMC interface morphology.
Adhesion Properties of Systems on a Composite Coatings Basis – The Steel Substrate/ Adhezja Powłok Kompozytowych Na Podłożu Stalowym
Authors: Jankura D. , Draganovská D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with the assessment of systems properties on the heating coat basis - the steel substrate in terms of the adhesion and coatings structure. On S235JRG1 steel substrate the ceramic and composite coatings on the Al2O3 basis were made for research purpose by the technology of plasma heating spraying with a water stabilized arc. The content effect of Ni metallic component to the base Al2O3 powder was examined on the adhesion and composite coatings structure. Adhesion tests were examined in terms of STN EN 582 (Thermal spraying. Determination of tensile adhesive strength). Coatings were further evaluated by a hardness measurement, chemical and microscopic analysis. Adhesion tests proved the Ni metallic powder addition markedly increases the adhesion of composite heating sprayed coatings and allows their creation without an interlayer utilization. The composite coating contains fewer defects in term of pores and cavities occurrence and rifts in the first place which are caused by dilatation strains during a setting process.
Influence of a Substrate Surface on the (Zn) – Coating Formation/ Wpływ Powierzchni Podłoża Na Kształtowanie Się Powłoki (Zn)
Authors: Wegrzynkiewicz S. , Jedrzejczyk D. , Szłapa I. , Hajduga M. , Boczkal S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The steel substrate was cut by means of different methods, like water jet, laser or oxyacetylene blowpipe. So, some different surfaces (after cutting / without cutting) were subjected to the (Zn) - hot dip galvanizing. The galvanizing process was performed in industrial conditions by applying the constant temperature equal to 457°C, and a dipping time equal to 150 s. The (Zn) - coating morphologies and sub-layer thicknesses were analyzed to explain some expected differences in the coatings formation
Model Approach of Carbon Deposition Phenomenon in Mixed H2O/Co2 Methane Reforming Process/ Modelowanie Zjawiska Wytrącania Węgla W Procesie Reformingu Metanu Fazą Gazową H2O/Co2
Authors: Kaczmarczyk R. , Gurgul S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents thermodynamic conditions for carbon deposition in methane reforming process by gas phase H2O/CO2. Ranges of substrate concentrations and temperatures for creating carbon deposition were specified in an analytical form. In the description of the conversion of methane CH4-(H2O/CO2) parametric equations were used, which allowed to define equilibrium composition of the process. The article formulates the basic assumptions of parametric equations models and their use to describe the course of the homogeneous reactions. The results may provide a model basis for the description of properties of the mixed reforming process CH4 - (H2O/CO2).
Modeling of TiN and Ti2O3 Precipitates Formation During Solidification of Steel/ Modelowanie Powstawania Wydzieleń TiN I Ti2O3 W Procesie Krzepnięcia Stali
Authors: Kalisz D. , Zak P.L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The formation of titanium nitride precipitations during solidification of steel was modeled with own computer software based on Ueshima model. A thermodynamic parameters database was worked out on the basis of literature study. Calculations were performed for two types of steel; one of them was high in titanium. The quantity of produced titanium nitrogen inclusions was calculated. The authors analyzed changes in nitrogen, titanium and oxygen content in the course of segregation of steel components on the solidification front. The influence of solidification rate on the process of precipitation formation was analyzed.
Part II. Model for the Protective Coating Formation During Hot Dip Galvanizing/ Część II. Model Formowania Powłoki Ochronnej Podczas Cynkowania Ogniowego
Authors: Wołczynski W. , Pogoda Z. , Garzeł G. , Kucharska B. , Sypien A. , Okane T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A mathematical description for the (Zn) - coating formation with the presence of flux in the zinc bath is presented. This description includes the progressive vanishing of the products of the flux disintegration. A function which expresses the flux vanishing is formulated. The solidification of some phase sub-layers in the (Zn) - coating is considered with the use of a hypothetical pseudo-ternary phase diagram Fe-Zn-flux. Some relationships are formulated to define the varying Zn - solute redistribution as observed across the sub-layers. The relationships are based on the mass balance analyzed for the coating / bath / flux system. An amount of the growing phase in a given sub-layers is also defined mathematically.
Experiment and Numerical Modelling the Time of Plate-Shape Casting Solidification vs. Thermal Conductivity of Mould Material/ Eksperyment I Modelowanie Numeryczne Czasu Krzepniecia Odlewu Płyty W Funkcji Przewodnictwa Cieplnego Materiału Formy
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Piwowarski G. , Zak P.L. , Krajewski W.K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity of sand mould material and time of castings solidification evaluated from cooling curves and from Nova Flow & Solid numerical calculations. During the experiments pure Al (99,95%) plate was cast into the sand moulds. The analysed variable parameter in numerical calculations was mould thermal conductivity of fixed value taken from the range 0.5-0.9 W/(mK). Other mould parameters (initial temperature, mass density, heat capacity) and thermo-physical properties of liquid and solid casting were taken invariable. Basing on the measurements it was stated that thermal conductivity of the moulding sand has complex temperature variability, especially during the water vaporization and the obtained dependence should be used in the numerical calculations to improve their accuracy.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Redox Reaction Between Pt(IV) Chloride Complex Ions and Sodium Thiosulfate in Aqueous Solution. Part I: Acidic Solution/ Kinetyka I Mechanizm Reakcji Redox Pomiędzy Chlorkowymi Jonami Kompleksowymi Pt(Iv) I Tiosiarczanem Sodu W Roztworach Wodnych. Część I: Roztwór Kwaśny
Authors: Pacławski K. , Piwowonska J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this work, spectrophotometric studies of the kinetics and mechanism of reaction between [PtCl6]2- complex ions and sodium thiosulfate, were carried out. The influence of different conditions, such as: initial concentrations of reductant and platinum(IV) complex ions, ionic strength, pH and temperature on the rate constant, was experimentally determined. From the obtained results, the molecularity of the first elementary step, value of the enthalpy and entropy of activation in Eyring equation as well as corresponding rate equation, were experimentally determined. It was found that the reaction is relatively slow and leads to the S, Pt and PtS colloids formation. The best conditions for solid phase formation containing Pt are at pH = 5.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Redox Reaction Between Pt(IV) Complex Ions and Sodium Thiosulfate in Aqueous Solution. Part II: Neutral and Alkaline Solution/ Kinetyka I Mechanizm Reakcji Redoks Pomiędzy Jonami Kompleksowymi Pt(Iv) I Tiosiarczanem Sodu W Roztworze Wodnym. Część II: Roztwór Obojętny I Zasadowy
Authors: Pacławski K. , Piwowonska J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this work, spectrophotometric studies on the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between [PtCl6]2- complex ions and sodium thiosulfate, in neutral (pH = 7) and alkaline (p = 12) solution, were carried out. Applying different conditions, the influence of initial concentrations of reductant and platinum(IV) complex ions as well as the influence of temperature and ionic strength on the rate constant, was experimentally determined. From the obtained results, the molecularity, the order and the value of enthalpy and entropy of activation of the reaction, were experimentally determined. It was found that in both cases the reduction reaction is relatively slow and in the studied conditions the second-order rate constant changes from 2.92 : 10-2 to 0.40 M-1:s-1 at pH = 7, and from 3.84 : 10-2 to 1.55 M-1s-1 at pH = 12. Additionally, depending on the pH, different mechanism of the reaction is present. However, regardless on the studied system the only platinum(II) chloride complex ions are the final product of the redox reaction.
Numerical Analysis of Diamond Retention in Cobalt and a Copper-Base Alloy/ Analiza Numeryczna Retencji Kryształu Diamentu W Kobalcie I Stopie Miedzi
Authors: Konstanty J. , Romanski A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Why cobalt outperforms other matrix materials in its capacity for diamond retention in cutting tools is considered. To this end diamond loading conditions were modelled to establish the magnitude of stress and strain in the matrix surrounding a working diamond crystal. Only at 315 N did the contact force in Co result in plastic strain of 4-8%, which has a destructive influence on diamond retention. The strain field generated in a poorly performing Cu-40%Co-6%Sn matrix under a load of 190 N closely resembled that generated by 315 N in Co. It is postulated that diamond retention is related to the yield strength and work hardening characteristics of the metallic matrix.
Tests of Steel Rheological Properties at Higher Temperatures for Computer Simulation in Procast Software/ Badania Właściwosci Wytrzymałosciowych Stali W Podwyższonych Temperaturach Na Potrzeby Symulacji Komputerowych W Pakiecie ProCAST
Authors: Sołek K. , Dziarmagowski M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the tests of properties of selected steel grades conducted at higher temperatures. The findings of these mechanical tests are presented herein in graphs and in a table. They allow us to mathematically describe a change in the stress values depending on the change in strain within the plastic range in the tested steel grades.
The obtained results may be used for identification of the elasticity modulus and for developing a flow stress model for numerical simulations of the steel continuous casting process.
Typical Failures in the Damaged Rolling Elements Made of Different Materials in the Most Important Vehicle Units/ Typowe Awarie Wynikające Z Uszkodzeń Elementów Tocznych Wazniejszych Zespołów Pojazdów Wykonanych Z Różnych Materiałów
Authors: Stanik Z. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Bearings are widely used in motor vehicles. The operations of natural causes wear on the bearing components. However, the rolling bearing wear often results in damage to other elements or components throughout the vehicle. The paper presents examples of typical and untypical consequence damage bearings used in vehicles. Damage are described in elements made ??of different materials.