bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Race and Sex on Thrombogenicity in a Large Cohort of Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Lev Eli I. , Bliden Kevin P. , Jeong Young‐Hoon , Pandya Shachi , Kang Kelly , Franzese Christopher , Tantry Udaya S. , Gurbel Paul A. 
Published: October 2014

Background
It is uncertain whether sex and race affect thrombogenicity in patients with coronary artery disease. We evaluated the effects of sex and race on thrombogenicity in patients with coronary artery disease treated with aspirin.

Methods and Results

Patients on aspirin therapy for 1 week or longer with known or suspected coronary artery disease undergoing nonurgent cardiac catheterization (n=1172), of whom 924 were on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy, were studied. The primary end point was thrombin‐induced platelet‐fibrin clot strength (

MA
KH

) measured by thrombelastography. Secondary end points included coagulation index, a measure of overall coagulation; G, another measure of clot strength; and maximal platelet aggregation. Women had greater

MA
KH

, G, and coagulation index than men, both with and without clopidogrel therapy (with clopidogrel: 68.3±6 versus 65.8±6 mm,
P
<0.0001; 11.4±3 versus 9.5±4 dyne/cm
2
,
P
<0.0001; and 0.12±3 versus −0.7±3,
P
=0.003, respectively). Platelet aggregation (induced by
ADP
, thrombin receptor activating peptide, or collagen) did not differ between sexes. Black patients had greater

MA
KH

and G than white patients (with clopidogrel: 67.8±7 versus 66.4±6 mm,
P
=0.005; 11±4 versus 10±3 dyne/cm
2
,
P
=0.02, respectively). Black women had the highest

MA
KH

levels. By multivariate analysis, sex, race, diabetes, platelet count, and hemoglobin level were independently associated with

MA
KH

.
Sex, but not race, was also associated with the frequency of

MA
KH

≥72 mm (a threshold related to ischemic event occurrence in patients undergoing coronary intervention).

Conclusions
Sex and race independently influence platelet‐fibrin clot strength. Black women appear to have the highest thrombogenicity profile, potentially conferring a high‐risk phenotype for thrombotic event occurrence.
Mapping Interdisciplinary Communication Between the Disciplines of Religion and Public Health in the Context of HIV/AIDS in Africa
Authors: Olivier Jill 
Published: October 2014

While there has been a massive surge of interest and grey literature publication on religion and development and religion and health, especially at an international advocacy level, the academic disciplinary processes for such work remains poorly clarified – and largely uncritical. This paper examines the interdisciplinary intersection of religion and public health (using the example of research on HIV/AIDS in Africa), and considers lingering clashes of disciplinary cultures and power that continue to make collaboration in this space a challenge.
Water mites from Mount Kinabalu and the Crocker Range, Borneo, Malaysia (Acari: Hydrachnidia), with the description of 34 new species
Authors: SMIT HARRY , PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR 
Published: October 2014

Descriptions are presented of new species of water mites from two mountains in the Malaysian part of Borneo. A new subgenus of the genus Javalbia (Hygrobatidae), i.e. Megapes n. subgen., and 34 new species are described: Limnocharidae: Limnochares (Limnochares) spinosa n. sp.; Oxidae: Oxus (Oxus) fuscus n. sp.; Hydryphantidae: Protzia borneoensis n. sp.; Sperchontidae: Sperchon kinabaluensis n. sp., Sperchonopsis orientalis n. sp.; Hygrobatidae: Hygrobates (Hygrobates) acutipalpis n. sp., H. (Hygrobates) hamatoides n. sp., H. (Hygrobates) striatus n. sp., Atractides (Atractides) neospatiosus n. sp., A. (Atractides) sabahensis n. sp., A. (Atractides) crockerensis n. sp., A. (Atractides) curtisetus n. sp., A.(Tympanomegapus) borneoensis n. sp.; Frontipodopsidae: Frontipodopsis suturalis n. sp.; Aturidae: Javalbia (Javalbia) montana n. sp., J. (Javalbia) solitaria n. sp., J. (Javalbiopsis) borneoensis n. sp., J. (Javalbiopsis) kinabaluensis n. sp., J. (Javalbiopsis) magniseta n. sp., J. (Javalbiopsis) reticulata n. sp., J. (Megapes) uncinata n. sp., Albaxona mahuaensis n. sp., Axonopsis (Axonopsis) longigenitalis n. sp., A. (Axonopsis) rugosa n. sp., A. (Paraxonopsis) truncata n. sp., A. (Brachypodopsis) latipalpis n. sp., A. (Vicinaxonopsis) caeca n. sp., Erebaxonopsis kipungitensis n. sp., Ljania inconspicua n. sp., L. obliterata n. sp., Albia (Albiella) crocker n. sp., Aturus borneoensis n. sp.; Athienemanniidae: Africasia acuticoxalis n. sp.; Arrenuridae: Thoracophoracarus uniacetabulatus n. sp. A key is presented for the Javalbia species of Borneo. New records are given for 10 further species. In the course of revisional work, lectotypes are designated for the following species: Atractides cognatus (K. Viets) and A. propatulus (K. Viets).
Surface Temperature Probability Distributions in the NARCCAP Hindcast Experiment: Evaluation Methodology, Metrics, and Results
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Waliser Duane E. , Lee Huikyo , Kim Jinwon , Neelin J. David , Lintner Benjamin R. , McGinnis Seth , Mattmann Chris A. , Mearns Linda O. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Methodology is developed and applied to evaluate the characteristics of daily surface temperature distributions in a six-member regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment conducted as part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). A surface temperature dataset combining gridded station observations and reanalysis is employed as the primary reference. Temperature biases are documented across the distribution, focusing on the median and tails. Temperature variance is generally higher in the RCMs than reference, while skewness is reasonably simulated in winter over the entire domain and over the western United States and Canada in summer. Substantial differences in skewness exist over the southern and eastern portions of the domain in summer. Four examples with observed long-tailed probability distribution functions (PDFs) are selected for model comparison. Long cold tails in the winter are simulated with high fidelity for Seattle, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois. In summer, the RCMs are unable to capture the distribution width and long warm tails for the coastal location of Los Angeles, California, while long cold tails are poorly realized for Houston, Texas. The evaluation results are repeated using two additional reanalysis products adjusted by station observations and two standard reanalysis products to assess the impact of observational uncertainty. Results are robust when compared with those obtained using the adjusted reanalysis products as reference, while larger uncertainties are introduced when standard reanalysis is employed as reference. Model biases identified in this work will allow for further investigation into associated mechanisms and implications for future simulations of temperature extremes.
Dynamically Downscaled High-Resolution Hydroclimate Projections for Western Canada
Authors: Erler Andre R. , Peltier W. Richard , D’Orgeville Marc 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Accurate identification of the impact of global warming on water resources in major river systems represents a significant challenge to the understanding of climate change on the regional scale. Here, dynamically downscaled climate projections for western Canada are presented, and impacts on hydrological variables in two major river basins, the Fraser and Athabasca, are discussed. These regions are both challenging because of the complexity of the topography and important because of the economic activity occurring within them. To obtain robust projections of future conditions, and to adequately characterize the impact of natural variability, a small initial condition ensemble of independently downscaled climate projections is employed. The Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1), is used to generate the ensemble, which consists of four members. Downscaling is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, version 3.4.1 (WRF V3.4.1), in a nested configuration with two domains at 30- and 10-km resolution, respectively. The entire ensemble was integrated for a historical validation period and for a mid-twenty-first-century projection period [assuming representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) for the future trajectory of greenhouse gases]. The projections herein are characterized by an increase in winter precipitation for the mid-twenty-first-century period, whereas net precipitation in summer is projected to decrease, due to increased evapotranspiration. In the Fraser River basin, a shift to more liquid precipitation and earlier snowmelt will likely reduce the seasonal variability of runoff, in particular the spring freshet. In the Athabasca River basin, winter precipitation and snowmelt may increase somewhat, but increasing evapotranspiration may lead to reduced streamflow in late summer.
The Large-Scale Climate in Response to the Retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Justino F. , Silva A. S. , Pereira M. P. , Stordal F. , Lindemann D. , Kucharski F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Based upon coupled climate simulations driven by present-day conditions and conditions resembling the Marine Isotope Stage 31 (this simulation is called WICE-EXP), insofar as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) configuration is concerned, it is demonstrated that changes in the WAIS orography lead to noticeable changes in the oceanic and atmospheric circulations. Compared with the present-day climate, WICE-EXP is characterized by warmer conditions in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) by up to 5°C in the polar oceans and up to 2°C in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). These changes feed back on the atmospheric circulation weakening (strengthening) the extratropical westerlies in the SH (northern Atlantic). Calculations of the southern annular mode (SAM) show that modification of the WAIS induces warmer conditions and a northward shift of the westerly flow; in particular, there is a clear weakening of the polar jet. These changes lead to modification of the rate of deep water formation, reducing the magnitude of the North Atlantic Deep Water but enhancing the Antarctic Bottom Water. By evaluating the density flux it is found that the thermal density flux has played a main role in the modification of the meridional overturning circulation. Moreover, the climate anomalies between the WICE-EXP and the present-day simulations resemble a bipolar seesaw pattern. These results are in good agreement with paleorecontructions in the framework of the Ocean Drilling Program and Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) project.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of tubercular arthritis of the ankle and foot
Authors: Prakash Mahesh , Gupta Pankaj , Sen Ramesh Kumar , Sharma Aman , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: October 2014

Background Ankle and foot tuberculosis is relatively uncommon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly sensitive in detecting the changes but there is limited experience with MRI evaluation and differentiation from other mono-articular arthritis, particularly pyogenic arthritis, is a challenge. Purpose To report MRI findings in ankle and foot tuberculosis. Material and Methods MRI was performed in 17 selected patients with ankle and foot tuberculosis. T1-weighted, proton density (PD) weighted, T2-weighted, and postcontrast sequences were performed in multiple imaging planes. Recorded findings included: number of bones involved; specific bones involved; extent of involvement; erosions; joint effusion, synovial thickening, tenosynovitis; joint effusion; adjacent soft-tissue changes; and involvement of sinus tarsi. Clinical data of all patients were also reviewed. Radiographic correlation at the time of MRI was available in selected patients. Results The most common abnormality was synovial thickening. Signal abnormality was noted most frequently in the talus ( n = 14). Erosions and intra-osseous abscesses were noted in 10 (58%) and eight (47%) patients, respectively. Tenosynovitis was present in eight (47%) patients. Soft tissue changes were noted in all patients, including abscesses in 13 patients (76%). Conclusion A multiplicity of findings (both osseous and extra-osseous) on MRI favors the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Three findings (intra-osseous abscess, soft tissue abscess, tenosynovitis), when present together, have a high sensitivity and specificity.
Prognostic significance of admission levels of cardiac indicators in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: Prospective observational study
Authors: Liu Xuan , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Hairong , Pan Shuming 
Published: October 2014

Objective The performance of cardiac indicators as determinants of stroke outcomes remains debatable, therefore the present study focused on the short-term prognostic value of cardiac indicators in patients who had experienced acute ischaemic stroke. Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke were enrolled in a prospective stroke registry. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics and cardiac indicator levels (including troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin and brain natriuretic peptide) were prospectively collected. Receiver operating characteristic curves and binary logistic regression models were used to examine the performance of variables in predicting poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 2–6). Results Out of 337 patients with acute ischaemic stroke, myoglobin had the greatest power for predicting poor outcomes among the cardiac indicators. Forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that myoglobin could independently predict short-term outcomes. Spearman’s rank correlation tests indicated a positive correlation between myoglobin levels and stroke severity. Conclusions Among cardiac indicators, myoglobin may be an independent predictor of short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
Biological drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by the subcutaneous route: interpreting efficacy data to assess statistical equivalence
Authors: Messori Andrea , Fadda Valeria , Maratea Dario , Trippoli Sabrina , Gatto Roberta , De Rosa Mauro , Marinai Claudio 
Published: October 2014

Background: No equivalence analysis has yet been conducted on the effectiveness of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis. Equivalence testing has a specific scientific interest, but can also be useful for deciding whether acquisition tenders are feasible for the pharmacological agents being compared. Methods: Our search covered the literature up to August 2014. Our methodology was a combination of standard pairwise meta-analysis, Bayesian network meta-analysis and equivalence testing. The agents examined for their potential equivalence were etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab, and tocilizumab, each in combination with methotrexate (MTX). The reference treatment was MTX monotherapy. The endpoint was ACR50 achievement at 12 months. Odds ratio was the outcome measure. The equivalence margins were established by analyzing the statistical power data of the trials. Results: Our search identified seven randomized controlled trials (2846 patients). No study was retrieved for tocilizumab, and so only four biologics were evaluable. The equivalence range was set at odds ratio from 0.56 to 1.78. There were 10 head-to-head comparisons (4 direct, 6 indirect). Bayesian network meta-analysis estimated the odds ratio (with 90% credible intervals) for each of these comparisons. Between-trial heterogeneity was marked. According to our results, all credible intervals of the 10 comparisons were wide and none of them satisfied the equivalence criterion. A superiority finding was confirmed for the treatment with MTX plus adalimumab or certolizumab in comparison with MTX monotherapy, but not for the other two biologics. Conclusion: Our results indicate that these four biologics improved the rates of ACR50 achievement, but there was an evident between-study heterogeneity. The head-to-head indirect comparisons between individual biologics showed no significant difference, but failed to demonstrate the proof of no difference (i.e. equivalence). This body of evidence presently precludes any option of undertaking competitive tenderings for the procurement of these agents.
Clozapine treatment of refractory schizophrenia during essential chemotherapy: a case study and mini review of a clinical dilemma
Authors: Usta Nazife Gamze , Poyraz Cana Aksoy , Aktan Melih , Duran Alaattin 
Published: October 2014

Background: Clozapine remains the antipsychotic of choice for refractory schizophrenia. Given the particular side effects of clozapine including neutropenia and myelosuppression, safety and efficacy of add-on chemotherapy for patients who are already under clozapine treatment remain unknown. Objective: We present evidence from a patient with a diagnosis of refractory schizophrenia on clozapine medication, who required essential chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have also reviewed literature regarding this challenging clinical dilemma. Method: We report details about a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who was given chemotherapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab) for CLL in the course of concomitant treatment with clozapine and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSFs). In addition, we have reviewed literature using the PUBMED data base. Results: Current evidence remains insufficient to provide authoritative guide to clinicians regarding the efficacy and safety of the combined use of clozapine and chemotherapy. However, general conclusion from our case and of the published evidence is that a combination of clozapine use and chemotherapeutic agents do not cause additional hematological worsening with no decreasing efficacy concerns raised. Conclusion: Continuing with clozapine in the course of chemotherapy may be relatively safer for patients who responded well to clozapine concomitant with G-CSF treatment.
Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Badaró Roberto , Gonçalves Larissa O. , Gois Luana L. , Maia Zuinara Pereira Gusmão , Benson Constance , Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: After the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some HIV-infected patients present a severe inflammation in response to a latent or a previously treated opportunistic pathogen termed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Few reports of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis have been described in association with IRIS. Methods:  A systematic literature review of IRIS in association with leishmaniasis identified 34 reported cases. Results and Discussion: The majority of these occurred in males 4 months following the onset of HAART. The mean CD4 count before HAART was 94 ± 77 cells/mm3, increasing to 5 times the initial value between the onset of HAART and IRIS presentation. Visceral leishmaniasis and post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis were the most commonly reported clinical manifestations, followed by tegumentary leishmaniasis and uveitis. Conclusions: Commonly found characteristics included cutaneous involvement, regardless of Leishmania species; appearance of lesions unrelated to time of probable Leishmania infection; rapid recovery of CD4 count following HAART; and rapid progression.
Adherence among Rural HIV-Infected Patients in the Deep South
Authors: Tennant Sarah J. , Hester E. Kelly , Caulder Celeste R. , Lu Z. Kevin , Bookstaver P. Brandon 
Published: October 2014

Background: Once-daily (QD), combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can impact the willingness and ability of patients to take medications as directed. The impact of antiretroviral (ARV) drug adherence influenced by single-tablet (STR) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTR) among patients enrolled in the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) in a rural environment has not yet been assessed. Material and Methods: A retrospective chart review evaluated adherence and outcomes in adult HIV-infected patients enrolled in the ADAP at 2 ambulatory clinics in the Southeast, taking either a QD STR (efavirenz [EFV]/emtricitabine/tenofovir [TDF]) or a QD protease inhibitor (PI)-based, MTR (atazanavir [ATV], ritonavir [RTV], and emtricitabine/TDF) by evaluating pharmacy refill records, patient self-reported adherence, and virologic response. Results: A total of 389 patient records were analyzed (STR, n = 165 versus MTR, n = 224). There were more males, a higher percentage of treatment-naive patients, and more patients with a baseline CD4 count of >200 cells/mm3 in the MTR group. Based on refill records, more patients on MTR were >90% adherent (61.6% versus 51.5%, P = .047). In a multivariable analysis, being treatment experienced was a negative predictor (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 0.29-0.78) for adherence. Regimen choice was not associated with adherence. More patients taking MTR were virologically suppressed at the end of the observation period. Regardless of the regimen, being >90% adherent was a significant predictor of virologic suppression (OR = 3.51, 1.98-6.23). Conclusion: Treatment-experienced patients enrolled in ADAP are less likely to be adherent. A QD PI-based MTR may result in comparable adherence to an STR in a rural HIV-infected population.
Gq-mediated Akt translocation to the membrane: a novel PIP3-independent mechanism in platelets
Authors: Badolia Rachit , Manne Bhanu Kanth , Dangelmaier Carol , Chernoff Jonathan , Kunapuli Satya P. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
There is a novel PIP3-independent and Gq-dependent Akt translocation mechanism in the platelets. PAK constitutively associates with Akt, and possibly mediates its membrane translocation independently of PIP3.
Oscillation theorems for second order nonlinear neutral difference equations
Authors: Selvarangam Srinivasan , Thandapani Ethiraju , Pinelas Sandra 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with the oscillation of second order neutral difference equations of the form

△

(

a
n

(
△
(

x
n

+

p
n

x

τ
(
n
)

)
)

α

)

+

q
n

x

σ
(
n
)

β

=
0
.

The oscillation of all solutions of this equation is established via comparison theorems. Examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

MSC:39A10.
Dynamics of deterministic and stochastic multi-group MSIRS epidemic models with varying total population size
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Fan Xiaoming , Jiang Fuquan , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the deterministic single-group MSIRS epidemic model to a multi-group model, and we also extend the deterministic multi-group framework to a stochastic one and formulate it as a stochastic differential equation. In the deterministic multi-group model, the basic reproduction number

R
0

is a threshold that completely determines the persistence or extinction of the disease. By using Lyapunov function techniques, we show that if

R
0

>
1

, then the disease will prevail, the infective condition persists and the endemic state is asymptotically stable in a feasible region. If

R
0

⩽
1

, then the infective condition disappears and the disease dies out. For the stochastic version, we perform a detailed analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model, which also depends on the value of

R
0

, when

R
0

>
1

, we determine the asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium by measuring the difference between the solution and the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic model in time-averaged data. Numerical methods are used to illustrate the dynamic behavior of the model and to solve the systems.