bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status as a predictive marker for surgical site infection in total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Alfargieny Randa , Bodalal Zuhir , Bendardaf Riyad , El-Fadli Mustafa , Langhi Salem 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is considered one of the most serious complications in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study seeks to analyze the predictive value of preoperative and postoperative nutritional biomarkers for SSI in elective TJA. Methodology: Nutritional markers were gathered retrospectively utilizing patient's records from the orthopedics department at Benghazi Medical Center (BMC). The sample spanned cases admitted during the 20-month period between January 2012 and August 2013 and had undergone either elective total hip replacement or total knee replacement. The collected lab results included a complete blood count, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and serum albumin (S. alb.) levels. The patients were then divided into two groups based on the occurrence of an SSI. Results: A total of 135 total knee (81.5%, n = 110/135) and total hip (18.5%, n = 25/135) replacements were performed at BMC during the study period. Among these cases, 57% (n = 78/135) had patient records suitable for statistical analysis. The average preoperative TLC was 2.422 ×103 cells/mm3 (range = 0.8–4.7 ×103 cells/mm3) whereas that number dropped after the surgery to 1.694 ×103 cells/mm3 (range = 0.6–3.8 ×103 cells/mm3). S. alb. levels showed a mean of 3.973 g/dl (range = 2.9–4.7 g/dl) preoperatively and 3.145 g/dl (range = 1.0–4.1 g/dl) postoperatively. The majority of TJA patients did not suffer any complication (67.4%, n = 91/135) while eight cases (5.9%) suffered from a superficial SSI. Conclusion: Preoperative S. alb. was identified as the only significant predictor for SSI (P = 0.011). Being a preventable cause of postoperative morbidity, it is recommended that the nutritional status (especially preoperative S. alb.) of TJA patients be used as a screening agent and appropriate measures be taken to avoid SSI.
Variational Principles for Vibrating Carbon Nanotubes Conveying Fluid, Based on the Nonlocal Beam Model
Authors: Adali Sarp 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVariational principles are derived in order to facilitate the investigation of the vibrations and stability of single and double-walled carbon nanotubes conveying a fluid, from a linear time-dependent partial differential equation governing their displacements. The nonlocal elastic theory of Euler-Bernoulli beams takes small-scale effects into account. Hamilton’s principle is obtained for double-walled nano-tubes conveying a fluid. The natural and geometric boundary conditions identified are seen to be coupled and time-dependent due to nonlocal effects.
Further Analysis of Global Synchronisation for Networks of Identical Cells with Delayed Coupling
Authors: Li Chun-Hsien , Chen Ren-Chuen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSynchronisation is one of the most interesting collective motions observed in large-scale complex networks of interacting dynamical systems. We consider global synchronisation for networks of nonlinearly coupled identical cells with time delays, using an approach where the synchronisation problem is converted to solving an homogeneous linear system. This approach is extended to fit networks under more general coupling topologies, and we derive four delay-dependent and delay-independent criteria that ensure the coupled dynamical network is globally synchronised. Some examples show that the four criteria are not mutually inclusive, and numerical simulations also demonstrate our theoretical results.
Anatomical variations of the phrenic nerve: an actualized review
Authors: Prates Júnior A. , Vasques L. , Bordoni L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The phrenic nerve normally arises from ventral rami of C3, C4 and C5. It emerges laterally to the superior portion oflateral border of scalenus anterior muscle and presents a descendent course between subclavian artery and vein. It crosses anterior to internal thoracic artery and descends through the mediastinum, until the diaphragm muscle, to supply it with motor and sensitive fibers. Matherials and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted, based on anatomy, neuroanatomy and surgical anatomy textbooks, published in Brazil and abroad, as well as a review of scientific articles, published over the last 20 years, available on research databases PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and MEDLINE, from keywords phrenic nerve, variation and anomaly. Results: Variations of the phrenic nerve are frequent, but they are not often discussed. Thus, we aimed to conduct an actualized review over the subject. Regarding the variations in the origin of the phrenic nerve, textbooks vaguely inform that it is mainly formed by C4, but the recent cadaveric studies pointed the segments C4 and C5 as the most common origin. About the variations in its course, the most described is its passage anterior to the subclavian vein, before reaching the thorax. However, the presence of accessory phrenic nerve represents the greatestvariation, mostly arising from nerve to subclavian. There are few reports in literature about the complications associated to these variations, but some are suggested, as the possibility of causing its damage during the puncture of the subclavian vein, when the nerve descends anterior to it, which may lead to a hemidiaphragmatic paresis. When variations are present, even simple procedures may cause injuries. Conclusion: Therefore it is fundamental to know the normal anatomy and the possible variations of the phrenic nerve, in order to perform safe procedures in its topography, as well as to enable a timely recognition of complications.
First and Second Metatarsal Wire and Button Fixation with First and Fifth Bunionectomies for Correction of Splay Foot
Authors: Xie Bing , Zhou Da-peng , Tian Jing 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSplay foot is a common foot deformity causing pain and disability. Various osteotomy techniques have been recommended for correction of the intermetatarsal angle, with variable success rates. Knowing that wire and button fixation device can provide strong and stiff repair, the aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes following 1st and 2nd metatarsal wire and button fixation with 1st and 5th bunionectomies in patients with symptomatic splay foot. The preoperative and postoperative radiological measurements and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were statistically assessed in 12 patients (19 feet) with symptomatic splay foot using Wilcoxon signed rank test. The postoperative hallux valgus angle, 1st and 2nd intermetatarsal angle, and maximum distance between 1st and 5th metatarsal heads decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The AOFAS score improved significantly from 49.0 ± 6.0 to 82.0 ± 5.0 points (p < 0.05). The overall postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic splay foot suggest that the technique of 1st and 2nd metatarsal wire and button fixation with 1st and 5th bunionectomies is safe, feasible and effective for surgical treatment of splay foot deformity.How to cite this articleXie B, Zhou D-P, Tian J. First and Second Metatarsal Wire and Button Fixation with First and Fifth Bunionectomies for Correction of Splay Foot. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):1-7.
Novel Semi-open Technique for Repair of Acute Rupture of Achilles Tendon
Authors: Sobti Anshul Shyam , Mohrir Ganesh , Agarwala Sanjay 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
The most common complication of open repair of Achilles tendon is skin necrosis and wound problems, especially in the distal part, where the blood supply to the skin is precarious. Minimally invasive and percutaneous techniques have become popular as they overcome this problem but these techniques put the sural nerve at risk and have high incidence of rerupture. We have devised a semi-open technique, which incorporates the advantages of both techniques and at the same time avoids their complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of this technique.

Materials and methods
Twenty-two patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were operated with this new technique. The operative technique included incision up to the tendon gap, no distal extension and a percutaneous passage of nonabsorbable suture through the distal stump with approximation and plantaris augmentation. The results were compared on the basis of functional results (Leppilahti score), cosmetic results, patient satisfaction and complications encountered.

Results
Fifteen patients had excellent (68.%) and seven had good (32%) results according to the Leppilahti score. Our average scar length was 6.2 cm and all patients were fully satisfied with their results and rehabilitation. There was one case of superficial infection and no cases of rerupture or sural nerve injury.

Conclusion
This new semi-open technique serves as a perfect combination of open and percutaneous surgeries, providing excellent functional and cosmetic results and minimizing the incidence of complications at the same time.

How to cite this article
Agarwala S, Mohrir G, Sobti AS. Novel Semi-open Technique for Repair of Acute Rupture of Achilles Tendon. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):22-26.
Surface Roughness Evolution Model for Finishing Using an Abrasive Tool on a Robot
Authors: Fernandez Angel , Jose Antonio Dieste , Javierre Carlos , Jorge Santolaria 
Published: September 2015

The polishing process is the final step in the manufacturing workflow for many parts and tools. While previous tasks have evolved technically, the finishing of freeform surfaces is still effected mostly by hand. Many parts are rejected because no control of the process is possible. The main problems are geometrical shape deviations and no repeatability of the process. A new methodology has been developed for the passes of the abrasive on the polished part. This research focusses on the feasibility of robotic polishing and the development of a new evolution model pertaining to the surface roughness for an abrasive tool mounted on a spherical robot. The polishing principle is mechanic and based on dry friction. The tool is multilayered with a compressive foamed core. The combination of rotational and translational movement requires the creation of a model that can predict the footprint on the polished surface. The mathematical model developed for the evolution model permits for making a prediction of the final surface quality in the function of the programmed polishing parameters. Furthermore, the model described allows for setting up polishing parameters in order to reach a desired final roughness with less than 15% deviation. Repeatability is assured and polishing time is reduced down to 1/5 of manually effected procedures.
Strong plume fluxes at Mars observed by MAVEN: An important planetary ion escape channel
Authors: Dong Y. , Fang X. , Brain D. A. , McFadden J. P. , Halekas J. S. , Connerney J. E. , Curry S. M. , Harada Y. , Luhmann J. G. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission of a substantial plume‐like distribution of escaping ions from the Martian atmosphere, organized by the upstream solar wind convection electric field. From a case study of MAVEN particle‐and‐field data during one spacecraft orbit, we identified three escaping planetary ion populations: plume fluxes mainly along the upstream electric field over the north pole region of the Mars‐Sun‐Electric field (MSE) coordinate system, antisunward ion fluxes in the tail region, and much weaker upstream pickup ion fluxes. A statistical study of O+ fluxes using 3 month MAVEN data shows that the plume is a constant structure with strong fluxes widely distributed in the MSE northern hemisphere, which constitutes an important planetary ion escape channel. The escape rate through the plume is estimated to be ~30% of the tailward escape and ~23% of the total escape for > 25 eV O+ ions.
A coordinated study of 1 h mesoscale gravity waves propagating from Logan to Boulder with CRRL Na Doppler lidars and temperature mapper
Authors: Lu Xian , Chen Cao , Huang Wentao , Smith John A. , Chu Xinzhao , Yuan Tao , Pautet Pierre‐Dominique , Taylor Mike J. , Gong Jie , Cullens Chihoko Y. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present the first coordinated study using two lidars at two separate locations to characterize a 1 h mesoscale gravity wave event in the mesopause region. The simultaneous observations were made with the Student Training and Atmospheric Research (STAR) Na Doppler lidar at Boulder, CO, and the Utah State University Na Doppler lidar and temperature mapper at Logan, UT, on 27 November 2013. The high precision possessed by the STAR lidar enabled these waves to be detected in vertical wind. The mean wave amplitudes are ~0.44 m/s in vertical wind and ~1% in relative temperature at altitudes of 82–107 km. Those in the zonal and meridional winds are 6.1 and 5.2 m/s averaged from 84 to 99 km. The horizontal and vertical wavelengths inferred from the mapper and lidars are ~219 ± 4 and 16.0 ± 0.3 km, respectively. The intrinsic period is ~1.3 h for the airglow layer, Doppler shifted by a mean wind of ~17 m/s. The wave packet propagates from Logan to Boulder with an azimuth angle of ~135° clockwise from north and an elevation angle of ~ 3° from the horizon. The observed phase difference between the two locations can be explained by the traveling time of the 1 h wave from Logan to Boulder, which is about ~2.4 h. The wave polarization relations are examined through the simultaneous quantifications of the three wind components and temperature. This study has developed a systematic methodology for fully characterizing mesoscale gravity waves, inspecting their intrinsic properties and validating the derivation of horizontal wave structures by applying multiple instruments from coordinated stations.
Effects of vertical wind shear on the predictability of tropical cyclones: Practical versus intrinsic limit
Authors: Tao Dandan , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of environmental shear on the dynamics and predictability of tropical cyclones (TCs) are further explored through a series of cloud‐permitting ensemble sensitivity experiments with small, random initial condition perturbations on the low‐level moisture fields. As an expansion of earlier studies, it is found that larger the shear magnitude, less predictable the TCs, especially the onset time of the rapid intensification (RI), until the shear is too large for the TC formation. Systematic differences amongst the ensemble members begin to arise right after the initial burst of moist convection associated with the incipient vortex. This randomness inherent in moist convection first changes the TC vortex structure subtly, but the location and strength of subsequent moist convection are greatly influential to the precession and alignment of the TC vortex as well as the RI onset time. Additional ensemble sensitivity experiments with different magnitude random perturbations to the mean environmental shear (6 m s−1) show that when the standard deviation of the random shear perturbations among different ensemble members is as small as 0.5 m s−1, the difference in shear magnitude overwhelms the randomness of moist convection in influencing the TC development and rapid intensification (indicative of limited practical predictability). However, for the ensemble with standard deviation of 0.1 m s−1 in random shear perturbations, the uncertainty in TC onset timing is comparable to the ensemble that is perturbed only by small random moisture conditions in the initial moisture field (indicative of the limit in intrinsic predictability).
Ion Dissociation Methods in Proteomics
Authors: Rathore Deepali , Aboufazeli Forouzan , Huang Yuting , Kolli Venkata , Fernando Ganga S. , Dodds Eric D. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article serves as a review of polypeptide ion dissociation methods in the context of mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic analysis. Given the many tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instrument types and ion fragmentation approaches presently in use, the proteomic analyst is confronted with numerous methodological considerations in selecting and implementing an ion fragmentation technique for primary structure determination of polypeptides. Because the physical and chemical bases for a given mode of dissociation largely dictate the outcome of an MS/MS experiment, the underlying fundamental principles and the manner of executing each fragmentation approach must inform any subsequent spectral interpretation. Here, we endeavor to encapsulate the current state of the art in peptide and protein ion fragmentation methods, including methods in widespread use for proteomic analysis and maturing but less commonly applied approaches with significant potential in the field of proteomics. A general overview of MS/MS and polypeptide ion fragmentation is followed by a discussion of the fundamental basis for several ion dissociation approaches and how each technique is implemented in various MS/MS hardware configurations. Representative examples from the literature are also highlighted, with emphasis on the unique features and specific strengths of each dissociation method. Finally, several proposed peptide ion fragmentation mechanisms and fragment ion structures are presented.
Swansea and Nantgarw Porcelain Bodies Based on Analytical Evidence: A Case Study
Authors: Edwards Howell G.M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe analysis of ceramic bodies has received renewed attention in recent years with the advent of microtechniques, which have provided qualitative and quantitative analytical data for the identification of mineralogical components in microdomains from which deductions can often be made about the initial composition, changes during the firing process and to an attribution of manufactory. The two small but related manufactories at Swansea and Nantgarw in South Wales, linked by the name of William Billingsley, in just a few years between 1814 and 1822 produced some of the finest quality porcelains ever made. This article reviews the known analytical results for these porcelains and examines critically the conclusions made: it is clear that comprehensive analyses have not completely clarified the porcelain production at Swansea and Nantgarw. Finally, the proposal for the adoption of nondestructive analytical Raman spectroscopy to be applied to this field is made to resolve these issues and to assist in the understanding of the complexities of production of this finest porcelain, which was achieved only through staggeringly high kiln losses approaching 90% and which has not been emulated since 1820.
Dimethyl fumarate inhibits integrin α4 expression in multiple sclerosis models
Authors: Kihara Yasuyuki , Groves Aran , Rivera Richard R. , Chun Jerold 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDimethyl fumarate is an orally bioavailable compound for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. A mechanism involving nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 activation has been proposed to account for its efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that dimethyl fumarate inhibits expression of integrin α4 on circulating lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice and also on activated human Jurkat T cells in a manner distinct from nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 activation. Our results offer an alternative mechanism for the efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aliphatic N‐Arylhydrazones: A Concise Synthetic Entry to 2‐Trifluoromethylindoles from Simple Aldehydes
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Landart Mélissa , Baudoin Olivier , Monteiro Nuno , Bouyssi Didier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed C(sp2)H trifluoromethylation of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazones using the Togni reagent is demonstrated to proceed efficiently for aliphatic aldehyde‐derived substrates. The success of the reactions relied on the choice of the N,N‐diphenylamino group as the terminal hydrazone amino group where N,N‐dialkylamino groups were preferred for (hetero)aromatic aldehyde‐derived substrates. In addition, the trifluoromethylated N‐arylhydrazones are shown to be ideal substrates for Fischer indole synthesis allowing a straightforward, three‐step access to 2‐trifluoromethylindole derivatives from simple aldehydes.magnified image
Iron(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative–Deaminative Functionalization of Phenylglycine: A Tandem Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Benzimidazoles
Authors: Kumar Manoranjan , Richa  , Sharma Sushila , Bhatt Vinod , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first iron(III) chloride‐catalyzed decarboxylative–deaminative functionalization of phenylglycine with o‐substituted nitroarenes was achieved for the synthesis of 4(3H)‐quinazolinones and benzimidazoles. The reaction of 2‐nitrobenzonitrile/2‐nitro‐N,N‐diphenylamine with phenylglycine at 120 °C in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base in toluene generated the products in 45–87% yields. Various functional groups like nitro, fluoride, chloride and trifluoromethyl were well tolerated under the present reaction conditions. In this tandem approach, involvement of transfer hydrogenation of the nitro functionality with in situ generated ammonia, imination, nitrile hydration to amide and oxidative cyclization sequences have been established. The process avoids the use of an external hydrogen source, costly catalysts as well as the isolation of amine and amide intermediates.magnified image
Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation over a Ternary Oxide Catalyst with High Resistance to Hydrocarbon Inhibition
Authors: Binder Andrew J. , Toops Todd J. , Unocic Raymond R. , Parks James E. , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlatinum group metal (PGM) catalysts are the current standard for control of pollutants in automotive exhaust streams. Aside from their high cost, PGM catalysts struggle with CO oxidation at low temperatures (<200 °C) due to inhibition by hydrocarbons in exhaust streams. Here we present a ternary mixed oxide catalyst composed of copper oxide, cobalt oxide, and ceria (dubbed CCC) that outperforms synthesized and commercial PGM catalysts for CO oxidation in simulated exhaust streams while showing no signs of inhibition by propene. Diffuse reflectance IR (DRIFTS) and light‐off data both indicate low interaction between propene and the CO oxidation active site on this catalyst, and a separation of adsorption sites is proposed as the cause of this inhibition resistance. This catalyst shows great potential as a low‐cost component for low temperature exhaust streams that are expected to be a characteristic of future automotive systems.
A Fluorescent Molecular Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Based on Oxidative Addition Reactions with Crabtree‐Type Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Kos Pavlo , Plenio Herbert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA Crabtree‐type IrI complex tagged with a fluorescent dye (bodipy) was synthesized. The oxidative addition of H2 converts the weakly fluorescent IrI complex (Φ=0.038) into a highly fluorescent IrIII species (Φ=0.51). This fluorogenic reaction can be utilized for the detection of H2 and to probe the oxidative addition step in the catalytic hydrogenation of olefins.