bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Fundraising Success by Decreasing Donor Choice
Authors: BARBIERI STEFANO , MALUEG DAVID A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSuggested contributions, membership categories, and discrete, incremental thank you gifts are devices often used by benevolent associations that provide public goods. Such devices focus donations at discrete levels, thereby effectively limiting the donors' freedom to give. We study the effects on overall donations of the trade‐off between rigid schemes that severely restrict the choices of contribution on the one hand, and flexible membership contracts on the other, taking into account the strategic response of contributors whose values for the public good are private information. We show flexibility dominates when (i) the dispersion of donors' taste for the public good increases, (ii) the number of potential donors increases, and (iii) there is greater funding by an external authority. Our theoretical results are consistent with three basic patterns we discover in the membership schemes of National Public Radio stations: stations offer a larger number of suggested contribution levels—a proxy for flexibility—as (i) the incomes of the population served become more diverse, (ii) the population of the coverage area increases, and (iii) there is greater external support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
The Relationship Between Sexual Concordance and Interoception in Anxious and Nonanxious Women
Authors: Suschinsky Kelly D. , Lalumière Martin L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual concordance refers to the association between physiological and self-reported sexual arousal. Women typically exhibit lower sexual concordance scores than men. There is also a sex difference in interoception—awareness of (nonsexual) physiological states or responses—such that women, compared with men, tend to be less aware of and less accurate at detecting changes in their physiological responses. Women with anxiety problems tend to have better interoceptive abilities than nonanxious women.

Aim
To investigate whether women's lower sexual concordance is associated with interoception using a sample likely to show high variation in interoceptive abilities.

Method
Sixteen anxious and 15 nonanxious women were presented with twelve 90 seconds sexual and nonsexual film clips while their genital response, heart rate, and respiration rate were measured. A heartbeat mental tracking task was also employed.

Main Outcome Measures
Genital response was measured with a vaginal photoplethysmograph. Heart rate was measured with an electrocardiogram and respiration rate with a thermistor. Participants estimated their physiological responses after each film. A mental tracking task was also used to assess participants' awareness of heart rate. Within-subject correlations were computed for each physiological/self-reported response combination.

Results
Overall, sexual concordance (i.e., the correlation between genital responses and perceptions of genital response) was not significantly associated with heart rate awareness or respiration rate awareness. Anxious women did not exhibit significantly higher sexual concordance or heart rate awareness than nonanxious women; the nonanxious women actually exhibited higher respiration rate awareness.

Conclusion
The results suggest that sexual concordance may be a distinct phenomenon from interoception and in need of its own explanation.
Manual‐guided cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia delivered by ordinary primary care personnel in general medical practice: a randomized controlled effectiveness trial
Authors: Bothelius Kristoffer , Kyhle Kicki , Espie Colin A. , Broman Jan‐Erik 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChronic insomnia is a prevalent problem in primary health care and tends to be more serious than insomnia in the general population. These patients often obtain little benefit from hypnotics, and are frequently open to exploring various options for medical treatment. However, most general practitioners (GPs) are unable to provide such options. Several meta‐analyses have shown that cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia results in solid improvements on sleep parameters, and a few studies have demonstrated promising results for nurse‐administered CBT in primary care. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of manual‐guided CBT for insomnia delivered by ordinary primary care personnel in general medical practice with unselected patients. Sixty‐six primary care patients with insomnia were randomized to CBT or a waiting‐list control group. The CBT group improved significantly more than the control group using the Insomnia Severity Index as the outcome. The effect size was high. Sleep diaries showed a significant, medium‐sized treatment effect for sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset. However, for all measures there is a marked deterioration at follow‐up assessments. Almost half of the treated subjects (47%) reported a clinically relevant treatment effect directly after treatment. It is concluded that this way of delivering treatment may be cost‐effective.
Frugivory and seed dispersal by crocodilians: an overlooked form of saurochory?
Authors: Platt S. G. , Elsey R. M. , Liu H. , Rainwater T. R. , Nifong J. C. , Rosenblatt A. E. , Heithaus M. R. , Mazzotti F. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSaurochory (seed dispersal by reptiles) among crocodilians has largely been ignored, probably because these reptiles are generally assumed to be obligate carnivores incapable of digesting vegetable proteins and polysaccharides. Herein we review the literature on crocodilian diet, foraging ecology, digestive physiology and movement patterns, and provide additional empirical data from recent dietary studies ofAlligator mississippiensis. We found evidence of frugivory in 13 of 18 (72.2%) species for which dietary information was available, indicating this behavior is widespread among theCrocodylia. Thirty‐four families and 46 genera of plants were consumed by crocodilians. Fruit types consumed by crocodilians varied widely; over half (52.1%) were fleshy fruits. Some fruits are consumed as gastroliths or ingested incidental to prey capture; however, there is little doubt that on occasion, fruit is deliberately consumed, often in large quantities. Sensory cues involved in crocodilian frugivory are poorly understood, although airborne and waterborne cues as well as surface disturbances seem important. Crocodilians likely accrue nutritional benefits from frugivory and there are noa priorireasons to assume otherwise. Ingested seeds are regurgitated, retained in the stomach for indefinite and often lengthy periods, or passed through the digestive tract and excreted in feces. Chemical and mechanical scarification of seeds probably occurs in the stomach, but what effects these processes have on seed viability remain unknown. Because crocodilians have large territories and undertake lengthy movements, seeds are likely transported well beyond the parent plant before being voided. Little is known about the ultimate fate of seeds ingested by crocodilians; however, deposition sites could prove suitable for seed germination. Although there is no evidence for a crocodilian‐specific dispersal syndrome similar to that described for other reptiles, our review strongly suggests that crocodilians function as effective agents of seed dispersal. Crocodilian saurochory offers a fertile ground for future research.
Retracted: Heterozygosity, sexual ornament and body size in the crested newt
Authors: Herdegen M. , Nadachowska‐Brzyska K. , Konowalik A. , Babik W. , Radwan J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBoth genome‐wide heterozygosity and heterozygosity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are often associated with higher fitness. Recent theoretical work indicates that sexual ornaments may reveal information about individual heterozygosity, and that preference for such ornaments may benefit females via the increased heterozygosity of their progeny. Here, we used path analysis to investigate the direct and indirect (via body size used as an index of condition) effects of heterozygosity at six microsatellite loci and the MHC class II DAB gene on the size of a sexual ornament, the crest, in the crested newt Triturus cristatus. We found that microsatellite heterozygosity, but not MHC heterozygosity, significantly predicted male body size, and that male body size significantly predicted crest height. However, there was no direct effect of MHC or microsatellite heterozygosity on crest height. Furthermore, microsatellite heterozygosity significantly increased with age, indicating that it had a positive effect on survival. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that heterozygosity determines condition, and that variation in condition is expressed as variation in sexual ornamentation.
Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Japanese Elderly Women
Authors: HARAI Mika , OURA Asae , MORI Mitsuru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to clarify risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) in elderly Japanese women.MethodsWe randomly selected 1600 women, aged between 65 and 74 years, from the resident registration of Sapporo City and we analyzed 746 women, who responded twice on surveys in 2010 and 2011. UI was defined as frequent UI when it occurred at least once a week in both 2010 and 2011.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the past maximum body weight, smoking index, past history of bladder disease or hemorrhoids, and the participant's mother's history of UI were significantly associated with an increased risk of UI.ConclusionLifestyle habits such as weight gain and smoking habits were associated with an increased risk of UI in Japanese women. Further study is needed, because modification of these risk factors may possibly result in reducing risk of UI.
Ecological speciation in anemone‐associated snapping shrimps (Alpheus armatus species complex)
Authors: Hurt C. , Silliman K. , Anker A. , Knowlton N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDivergent natural selection driven by competition for limited resources can promote speciation, even in the presence of gene flow. Reproductive isolation is more likely to result from divergent selection when the partitioned resource is closely linked to mating. Obligate symbiosis and host fidelity (mating on or near the host) can provide this link, creating ideal conditions for speciation in the absence of physical barriers to dispersal. Symbiotic organisms often experience competition for hosts, and host fidelity ensures that divergent selection for a specific host or host habitat can lead to speciation and strengthen pre‐existing reproductive barriers. Here, we present evidence that diversification of a sympatric species complex occurred despite the potential for gene flow and that partitioning of host resources (both by species and by host habitat) has contributed to this diversification. Four species of snapping shrimps (Alpheus armatus, A. immaculatus, A. polystictus and A. roquensis) are distributed mainly sympatrically in the Caribbean, while the fifth species (A. rudolphi) is restricted to Brazil. All five species are obligate commensals of sea anemones with a high degree of fidelity and ecological specificity for host species and habitat. We analysed sequence data from 10 nuclear genes and the mitochondrial COI gene in 11–16 individuals from each of the Caribbean taxa and from the only available specimen of the Brazilian taxon. Phylogenetic analyses support morphology‐based species assignments and a well‐supported Caribbean clade. The Brazilian A. rudolphi is recovered as an outgroup to the Caribbean taxa. Isolation–migration coalescent analysis provides evidence for historical gene flow among sympatric sister species. Our data suggest that both selection for a novel host and selection for host microhabitat may have promoted diversification of this complex despite gene flow.
Structure of the transcriptional network controlling white‐opaque switching in Candida albicans
Authors: Hernday Aaron D. , Lohse Matthew B. , Fordyce Polly M. , Nobile Clarissa J. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Johnson Alexander D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can switch between two phenotypic cell types, termed ‘white’ and ‘opaque’. Both cell types are heritable for many generations, and the switch between the two types occurs epigenetically, that is, without a change in the primary DNA sequence of the genome. Previous work identified six key transcriptional regulators important for white‐opaque switching: Wor1, Wor2, Wor3, Czf1, Efg1, and Ahr1. In this work, we describe the structure of the transcriptional network that specifies the white and opaque cell types and governs the ability to switch between them. In particular, we use a combination of genome‐wide chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene expression profiling, and microfluidics‐based DNA binding experiments to determine the direct and indirect regulatory interactions that form the switch network. The six regulators are arranged together in a complex, interlocking network with many seemingly redundant and overlapping connections. We propose that the structure (or topology) of this network is responsible for the epigenetic maintenance of the white and opaque states, the switching between them, and the specialized properties of each state.
Nursing practice environment, quality of care, and morale of hospital nurses in Japan
Authors: Anzai Eriko , Douglas Clint , Bonner Ann 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe Japanese hospital nurses' perceptions of the nursing practice environment and examine its association with nurse‐reported ability to provide quality nursing care, quality of patient care, and ward morale. A cross‐sectional survey design was used including 223 nurses working in 12 acute inpatient wards in a large Japanese teaching hospital. Nurses rated their work environment favorably overall using the Japanese version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Subscale scores indicated high perceptions of physician relations and quality of nursing management, but lower scores for staffing and resources. Ward nurse managers generally rated the practice environment more positively than staff nurses except for staffing and resources. Regression analyses found the practice environment was a significant predictor of quality of patient care and ward morale, whereas perceived ability to provide quality nursing care was most strongly associated with years of clinical experience. These findings support interventions to improve the nursing practice environment, particularly staffing and resource adequacy, to enhance quality of care and ward morale in Japan.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN SHIKOKU REGION BY INTER‐REGIONAL INPUT–OUTPUT TABLE
Authors: Suttinon Pongsak , Nasu Seigo , Ihara Takeo , Bongochgetsakul Nattakorn , Uemoto Kotomi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of inter‐regional input–output model for water accounts (IRIO‐Water), which combines inter‐regional input–output model and water accounts system, as a tool to evaluate water demand and water‐policy impacts among each industrial sector in Shikoku region of Japan. This IRIO‐Water model which combines a descriptive device and an analytical tool, is enumerated by combining three regions as (1) upper Shikoku, (2) lower Shikoku, and (3) the rest of Japan under conditions of rainfall pattern, geographical area, and inter‐regional trade of each region. The calculation results of water demand are compared among each industrial sector with impacts from implementation of governmental policies such as 3Rs policy (reduce‐reuse‐recycle). The results in this paper indicated that IRIO‐Water model provides a tool that allows decision makers to accurately evaluate water demand and water‐policy impacts with consideration not only of inter‐industry trade, but also of inter‐regional linkages.
Narrative retelling in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: Is there a role for nonverbal temporal‐sequencing skills?
Authors: Johnels Jakob Åsberg , Hagberg Bibbi , Gillberg Christopher , Miniscalco Carmela 
Published: July 2013

Oral narrative retelling is often problematic for children with communicative and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, beyond a suggested role of language level, little is known about the basis of narrative performance. In this study we examine whether oral narrative retelling might be associated not just with language level but also with skills related to nonverbal narrative temporal sequencing. A diagnostically heterogeneous sample of Swedish‐speaking children with a full scale IQ >70 was included in the study (N = 55; age 6–9 years). Narrative retelling skills were measured using the three subscores from the bus story test (BST). Independent predictors included (1) temporal sequencing skills according to a picture arrangement test and (2) a language skills factor consisting of definitional vocabulary and receptive grammar. Regression analyses show that language skills predicted BST Sentence Length and Subordinate Clauses subscores, while both temporal sequencing and language were independently linked with the BST Information subscore. When subdividing the sample based on nonverbal temporal sequencing level, a significant subgroup difference was found only for BST Information. Finally, a principal component analysis shows that temporal sequencing and BST Information loaded on a common factor, separately from the language measures. It is concluded that language level is an important correlate of narrative performance more generally in this diagnostically heterogeneous sample, and that nonverbal temporal sequencing functions are important especially for conveying story information. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system compared with an in‐house standard laboratory assay and a handheld point‐of‐care glucometer in critically ill neonatal foals
Authors: Hug Sophie A. , Riond Barbara , Schwarzwald Colin C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the applicability and accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in critically ill foals by comparing the performance of the CGMS, a point‐of‐care (POC) glucometer, and an in‐house standard laboratory assay (SLA).DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSeven critically ill neonatal foals requiring intensive care.InterventionsFoals were instrumented with a CGMS that measured interstitial glucose concentration every 5 minutes for the duration of 15–79 hours. Capillary and venous blood samples were taken every 4–6 hours for POC and SLA measurements, respectively.Measurements and Main ResultsBland–Altman analysis showed a mean bias (95% limits of agreement) of –0.1 (–3.9 to 3.5) mmol/L for comparison of CGMS versus SLA, 0.06 (–3.9 to 4.0) mmol/L for comparison of CGMS versus POC glucometer, and –0.16 (–1.8 to 1.5) mmol/L for comparison of POC glucometer versus SLA. Percent agreement and weighted kappa for classification in hypoglycemia, normoglycemia, and hyperglycemia were 68.4% and 0.296 for CGMS versus SLA, 72.4% and 0.442 for CGMS versus POC glucometer, and 80.7% and 0.568 for POC glucometer versus SLA.ConclusionsThe CGMS may be helpful for monitoring a trend in interstitial glucose concentration in critically ill neonatal foals. However, considering the wide limits of agreement between methods, the CGMS should only be used as an adjunctive device to other, more accurate and readily available methods that are able to detect acute changes in glucose concentration. Its use is further limited by the relatively high costs of the sensors, the mandatory 2‐hour initialization period, and the difficulties of keeping the transducer in place in an active foal. The POC glucometer used in this study is easy to use and proved to be sufficiently accurate for repeated, stall‐sided glucose monitoring in neonatal foals.
Assessment of circulating N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration to differentiate between cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion in cats
Authors: Hassdenteufel Esther , Henrich Estelle , Hildebrandt Nicolai , Stosic Andreas , Schneider Matthias 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic ability of blood N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) measurement to differentiate between congestive heart failure (CHF) and noncardiogenic causes for moderate to severe pleural effusion in cats.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐one cats with moderate to severe pleural effusion.InterventionsVenous blood sampling for NT‐proBNP measurement.Measurement and ResultsAccording to the results of echocardiographic examination, cats were classified in a group with CHF (n = 11) or noncongestive heart failure (N‐CHF, n = 10). NT‐proBNP was measured via a feline‐specific test in EDTA plasma with protease inhibitor. NT‐proBNP was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the CHF group ( median 982 pmol/L, 355–1,286 pmol/L) than in the N‐CHF group (median 69 pmol/L, 26 – 160 pmol/L) and discriminated exactly (area under the curve = 1.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0–1.0) between both groups. Optimum cut‐off value considering all samples was 258 pmol/L.ConclusionIn this small population of cats with pleural effusion, NT‐proBNP was able to differentiate between cats with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic causes of effusion. With the currently recommended method of measurement (ie, EDTA plasma with protease inhibitor), a cut‐off value of 258 pmol/L discriminates effectively between cats with and without CHF.
Detection of Hanganutziu–Deicher antigens in O‐glycans from pig heart tissues by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Jeong Hee‐Jin , Adhya Mausumi , Park Hae‐Min , Kim Yun‐Gon , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the α1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout (α‐GalT KO) pig era, identification of the non‐Gal epitopes is necessary for successful pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. Recently, we successfully detected α‐Gal epitopes as well as Hanganutziu–Deicher (H‐D) antigens from the N‐glycans in the pig heart tissues, which have been considered as promising non‐Gal antigens. However, the profiling of O‐glycan from pig heart tissues had not been performed owing to the difficulty of O‐glycan preparation.MethodsIn this study, we established the simple and sensitive method to profile O‐glycans from pig heart aortic valve, aortic wall, pulmonary valve, pulmonary wall, and cardiac muscle tissues. To liberate O‐glycans from the pig heart tissues, we used non‐reductive β‐elimination reagent and subsequently purified the glycans. After permethylation, the glycans were qualitatively analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS).ResultsThe comprehensive O‐glycan analysis method was successfully validated using model glycoproteins such as bovine serum fetuin (BSF) and bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) glycoproteins, and their O‐glycan profiles were in accordance with the data of previous studies. Next, we applied the method for O‐glycan release and characterization to analysis of various pig heart tissues. As a result, total 39, 33, 24, 36, and 25 of O‐glycans were detected from aortic valve, aortic wall, pulmonary valve, pulmonary wall, and cardiac muscle, respectively. Furthermore, four in aortic valve, one in aortic wall, one in pulmonary valve, one in pulmonary wall, and one in cardiac muscle were particularly determined as terminally N‐glycolylneuraminic acid‐linked O‐glycans, which is considered to be the H‐D antigens.ConclusionsHere, we initially described the O‐glycan structures of various pig heart tissues, and additionally, the existence of H‐D antigen type O‐glycans was firstly identified. These results will be fundamental information for overcoming the xenoantigenic carbohydrate‐related immunological rejection in pig‐to‐human heart tissue xenotransplantation.