bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance laparoscopy: A new non‐invasive technique for the assessment of chronic viral liver disease
Authors: Ogura Suguru , Saitoh Satoshi , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2012

AimLaparoscopy‐guided liver biopsy is the most accurate method for assessing liver fibrosis but have several limitations. We designed a non‐invasive method, called magnetic resonance laparoscopy (MRL), based on gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, to assess liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C virus.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 49 patients with normal liver and 353 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, laparoscopic liver biopsy was performed on 109 patients and 244 patients were diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis clinically. The MRL findings of the liver surface were classified into three categories: (i) smooth (essentially smooth surface of the entire liver or with limited areas of depression); (ii) partially irregular (several interconnected depressions on the surface mainly in the left lobe of the liver); and (iii) diffusely irregular (nodules present on the liver surface). Patients with diffusely irregular liver surface was diagnosed as liver cirrhosis.ResultsThe liver surface changed with the progression of liver fibrosis from smooth, partially irregular to diffusely irregular, irrespective of viral type. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of cirrhosis according to the surface findings on MRL were 96%, 100%, 95% and 95%, respectively. The cirrhotic liver showed: (i) disappearance of impression of the right ribs; (ii) enlargement of the lateral segment; and (iii) atrophy of the right lobe according to Child–Pugh classification.ConclusionOur data indicated that MRL is a potentially useful non‐invasive examination for evaluation of liver fibrosis associated with viral hepatitis.
Labor as Embodied Practice: The Lessons of Care Work
Authors: Lanoix Monique 
Published: November 2012

In post‐Fordist economies, the nature of laboring activities can no longer be subsumed under a Taylorized model of labor, and the service sector now constitutes a larger share of the market. For Maurizio Lazzarato, Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri, and other theorists in the post‐Marxist tradition, labor has changed from a commodity‐producing activity to one that does not produce a material object. For these authors, this new type of labor is immaterial labor and entails communicative acts as well as added worker agency. This paper reflects on this new paradigm of labor by examining the paid practices of care defined as the activities performed by individuals who have a mandate to help another adult accomplish the tasks of self‐care. Because care workers take care of other bodies, care labor exemplifies an embodied practice. I make use of the corporeality of care to put forward the notion of thin and thick embodiment in order to examine critically the meaning of immaterial labor and to support my claim that immaterial labor, as conceptualized by Hardt and Negri, erases both the materiality and relationality of care labor. Furthermore, typifying care labor as immaterial only serves to maintain its marginalized status.Care Assistant. Required to work within a private residential center to assist nursing staff. Experience desirable, qualifications an advantage, but caring and understanding more important than either. Must have good English to understand instructions and be co‐operative to work in a friendly team environment (Toynbee 2007, 220).
Characterization of set Intermediate Restorative Material, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and a prototype calcium silicate cement for use as root‐end filling materials
Authors: Grech L. , Mallia B. , Camilleri J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the composition of materials and leachate of a hydrated prototype cement composed of tricalcium silicate and radiopacifier and compare this to other tricalcium silicate‐based cements (Biodentine and Bioaggregate) to assess whether the additives in the proprietary brand cements affect the hydration of the materials, using Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), a standard root‐end filling material as a control.MethodologyThe materials investigated included a prototype‐radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine, Bioaggregate and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). The pH and calcium ion concentration of the leachate were investigated. The hydrated cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR).ResultsAll the cements tested were alkaline. The tricalcium silicate‐based cements leached calcium in solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the prototype‐radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate displayed hydrating cement grains, surrounded by a matrix composed of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium hydroxide was evident from the XRD plots. FT‐IR indicated the occurrence of a poorly crystalline calcium silicate hydrate. Biodentine displayed the presence of calcium carbonate. Bioaggregate incorporated a phosphate‐containing phase. IRM consisted of zinc oxide interspersed in an organic matrix.ConclusionsThe hydration of prototype‐radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and Bioaggregate resulted in the formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide, which was leached in solution. The hydrated materials were composed of a cementitous phase that was rich in calcium and silicon and a radiopacifying material. Biodentine included calcium carbonate, and Bioaggregate included silica and calcium phosphate in the powders. IRM was composed of zinc oxide interspersed in a matrix of organic material.
Discrete choice experiments in pharmacy: a review of the literature
Authors: Naik-Panvelkar Pradnya , Armour Carol , Saini Bandana 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objective
Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) have been widely used to elicit patient preferences for various healthcare services and interventions. The aim of our study was to conduct an in-depth scoping review of the literature and provide a current overview of the progressive application of DCEs within the field of pharmacy.

Methods
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, ECONLIT) were searched (January 1990–August 2011) to identify published English language studies using DCEs within the pharmacy context. Data were abstracted with respect to DCE methodology and application to pharmacy.

Key findings
Our search identified 12 studies. The DCE methodology was utilised to elicit preferences for different aspects of pharmacy products, therapy or services. Preferences were elicited from either patients or pharmacists, with just two studies incorporating the views of both. Most reviewed studies examined preferences for process-related or provider-related aspects with a lesser focus on health outcomes. Monetary attributes were considered to be important by most patients and pharmacists in the studies reviewed. Logit, probit or multinomial logit models were most commonly employed for estimation.

Conclusion
Our study showed that the pharmacy profession has adopted the DCE methodology consistent with the general health DCEs although the number of studies is quite limited. Future studies need to examine preferences of both patients and providers for particular products or disease-state management services. Incorporation of health outcome attributes in the design, testing for external validity and the incorporation of DCE results in economic evaluation framework to inform pharmacy policy remain important areas for future research.
Novel para‐aortic lymphadenectomy technique for gynecological malignancies prevents postoperative bowel obstruction
Authors: Terai Yoshito , Sasaki Hiroshi , Tsunetoh Satoshi , Tanaka Yoshimichi , Yoo Saha , Fujiwara Satoe , Kanemura Masanori , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of our novel technique on the prevention of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing systematic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy (PALN).Material and MethodsPALN was performed in 135 gynecological cancer patients (67 with ovarian cancer, 58 with endometrial cancer, 8 with serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma (SSPC) and 2 with fallopian tube cancer) between 2006 and 2011. To prevent postoperative ileus, we performed our novel technique wherein the small bowel and colon are released from pressure and soaked in 2 L of physiological saline for 1 min every 20 min during the lymphadenectomy. We indicated our novel PALN technique and retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of the surgical procedure in terms of the surgical data, and postoperative incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with gynecological malignancies.ResultsThe mean blood loss was 641.2 ± 800.3 mL in the PALN group and 313.9 ± 278.9 mL in the pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLN) without PALN group (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the first passage of flatus between the PALN group and the PLN group (1.8 ± 0.7 days vs 1.6 ± 0.7 days). The mean time to tolerance of a regular diet was significantly longer in the PALN group than in the PLN group (P < 0.0001), whereas the incidence of vomiting was similar in both groups. Surprisingly, there were no cases of postoperative ileus in either group.ConclusionOur novel technique is a safe and effective way to prevent the incidence and decrease the severity of postoperative ileus after PALN for gynecological malignancies.
Towards the integration of culture into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
Authors: Nistor Nicolae , Lerche Thomas , Weinberger Armin , Ceobanu Ciprian , Heymann Oliver 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEducational technology is increasingly used in multicultural contexts and across national cultures. Educational technology users with different national and professional backgrounds may, however, exhibit different attitudes towards technology. Previous research provides isolated evidence of the relationship between learning technology acceptance and culture, and so an overall picture is missing. Therefore, this study attempts to integrate culture (sensu Hofstede) into an established technology acceptance model (ie, Venkatesh's Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, UTAUT). Examining a large sample (n = 2866) of learning technology users from Germany and Romania by means of questionnaire survey, we investigate the differences in culture and technology acceptance between sample subgroups. The collected data reveal the presence of cultural differences both between countries and between professions. In line with previous research, these differences are associated with dissimilar acceptance profiles, ie, different values of acceptance variables and of path coefficients between them. Based on the findings, this study makes headway in cross‐cultural research by proposing an extended model of UTAUT—one which integrates three of Hofstede's culture dimensions. As a practical implication, national and professional culture may shape computer‐based learning environments.
A Comedy of Errors or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Sensibility‐Invariantism about ‘Funny’
Authors: Doerfler Ryan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, I argue that sensibility‐invariantism about ‘funny’ is defensible, not just as a descriptive hypothesis, but, as a normative position as well. What I aim to do is to make the realist commitments of the sensibility‐invariantist out to be much more tenable than one might initially think them to be. I do so by addressing the two major sources of discontent with sensibility‐invariantism: the observation that discourse about comedy exhibits significant divergence in judgment, and the fact that disagreements about comedy, unlike disagreements about, say, geography, often strike us as fundamentally intractable.
Increase trend of social hymenoptera (wasps and honeybees) in urban areas, inferred from moving‐out case by 119 rescue services in Seoul of South Korea
Authors: Choi Moon‐Bo , Kim Jeong‐Kyu , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe number of social hymenoptera have decreased due to accelerated urbanization in Seoul, Korea, during the 1970s–1990s. However, recent changes in environmental conditions have brought distinct re‐growth of their colonies. In this study, we analyzed the re‐colonization trend of social hymenoptera in Seoul with moving‐out reports submitted to 119 rescue services from 2000 to 2009. A total of 14 253 social hymenoptera findings and treatment cases were reported during that time, and the reported numbers increased continuously every year. Among them, 87% of the cases were related to social wasps and 13% were for honeybees. Social wasps peaked from July to September, when the colonies matured, whereas honeybees peaked from April to July when colonies divided. As observed by geographical information system (GIS), moving‐out cases formed hotspots in low‐story buildings around green areas such as nearby forests or city green parks in Eunpyeong‐gu and Gwanak‐gu in Seoul. Among the social wasps, the most frequent species that caused a nuisance and direct stinging was Polistes rothneyi koreanus, the majority of which nested under eaves (63%). Among the honeybees, Apis mellifera was a nuisance while attaching to buildings and walls in the city (60%) during hive splitting. We present herein the situation of the return of social hymenoptera to Seoul and discuss the possible reasons for the recent increase in social wasps in urban areas, including enlarging the green space in urban areas and stable nesting places, which benefited colony development due to the relatively higher urban temperature and the few natural predators and parasitoids.
Surgeon-Lead Shoulder Ultrasound for Rotator Cuff Tears, Accuracy and Learning Curve
Authors: McCulloch Robert A. , McBride Tim , Choudhury Zak , Armitstead Christopher , Simons Adrian W. 
Published: November 2012

Background The present study aimed to assess the accuracy and characterize the learning curve of surgeon-lead shoulder ultrasound scans (USS) performed in outpatients for suspected rotator cuff tears, with intra-operative findings considered as the gold standard. Methods From 2009 to 2011, all patients having arthroscopic shoulder surgery by the senior author were identified. Clinic letters were reviewed to identify those who had undergone USS in clinic. This was then compared with the operating findings. Results A total of 66 patients had an USS and proceeded to arthroscopic shoulder surgery during that time. Overall sensitivity and specificity was 0.86 and 0.70, respectively. Comparing values from 2009 to 2011: specificity improved from 0.50 to 0.8; sensitivity remained much the same with 2009 values of 0.88 to 2011 values of 0.86. Conclusions The results reflect good sensitivity and specificity, which was comparable with that reported in the literature. There was an improvement in specificity over time displaying a learning curve and emphasizing the question of how much experience in shoulder USS is required before it can be relied upon as the patient's primary imaging preoperatively?
Effect of CuO Addition on the Microstructure and Electric Properties of Low‐Temperature Sintered 0.25PMN–0.40PT–0.35PZ Ceramics
Authors: Wang Li , Mao Chaoliang , Wang Genshui , Du Gang , Liang Ruihong , Dong Xianlin 
Published: November 2012

Low‐temperature sintering of 0.25PMN–0.40PT–0.35PZ ceramics was investigated using CuO as a sintering aid. Effect of CuO on the sinterability, microstructure, and electric properties of 0.25PMN–0.40PT–0.35PZ system was systematically studied. The CuO addition significantly reduced the sintering temperature of 0.25PMN–0.40PT–0.35PZ from 1260°C to 950°C. SEM results indicated that a dense microstructure without any second phase was obtained when the amount of CuO was 0.25 wt%, which gave rise to high values of d33 = 532 pC/N and kp = 58.4%. A large field‐induced longitudinal strain ~2.28% (at 30 kV/cm) can also be obtained for 0.25 wt% CuO‐added specimens, which shows a great promise for multilayer actuator applications.
Modelling of riverine ecosystems by integrating models: conceptual approach, a case study and research agenda
Authors: Jähnig Sonja C. , Kuemmerlen Mathias , Kiesel Jens , Domisch Sami , Cai Qinghua , Schmalz Britta , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimHighly complex interactions between the hydrosphere and biosphere, as well as multifactorial relationships, characterize the interconnecting role of streams and rivers between different elements of a landscape. Applying species distribution models (SDMs) in these ecosystems requires special attention because rivers are linear systems and their abiotic and biotic conditions are structured in a linear fashion with significant influences from upstream/downstream or lateral influences from adjacent areas. Our aim was to develop a modelling framework for benthic invertebrates in riverine ecosystems and to test our approach in a data‐rich study catchment.LocationWe present a case study of a 9‐km section of the lowland Kielstau River located in northern Germany.MethodsWe linked hydrological, hydraulic and species distribution models to predict the habitat suitability for the bivalve Sphaerium corneum in a riverine system. The results generated by the hydrological model served as inputs into the hydraulic model, which was used to simulate the resulting water levels, velocities and sediment discharge within the stream channel.ResultsThe ensemble model obtained good evaluation scores (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.96; kappa 0.86; true skill statistic 0.95; sensitivity 86.14; specificity 85.75). Mean values for variables at the sampling sites were not significantly different from the values at the predicted distribution (Mann–Whitney U‐test P > 0.05). High occurrence probabilities were predicted in the downstream half of the 9‐km section of the Kielstau. The most important variable for the model was sediment discharge (contributing 40%), followed by water depth (30%), flow velocity (19%) and stream power (11%).Main conclusionsThe hydrological and hydraulic models are able to produce predictors, acting at different spatial scales, which are known to influence riverine organisms; which, in turn, are used by the SDMs as input. Our case study yielded good results, which corresponded well with ecological knowledge about our study organism. Although this method is feasible for making projections of habitat suitability on a local scale (here: a reach in a small catchment), we discuss remaining challenges for future modelling approaches and large‐scale applications.
A niche for biology in species distribution models
Authors: Higgins Steven I. , O'Hara Robert B. , Römermann Christine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhy species are found where they are is a central question in biogeography. The most widely used tool for understanding the controls on distribution is species distribution modelling. Species distribution modelling is now a well‐established method in both the theoretical and applied ecological literature. In this special issue we examine the current state of the art in species distribution modelling and explore avenues for including more biological processes in such models. In particular we focus on physiological, demographic, dispersal, competitive and ecological‐modulation processes. This overview highlights opportunities for new species distribution model concepts and developments, as well as a statistical agenda for implementing such models.
Predictors of Early and Late Target Lesion Revascularization after Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: CHOI IK JUN , PARK HUN‐JUN , SEO SUK‐MIN , KOH YOON‐SEOK , LEE JONG‐MIN , CHANG KIYUK , CHUNG WOOK‐SUNG , SEUNG KI‐BAE , KIM PUM‐JOON 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionRecent studies have suggested the existence of a late catch‐up phenomenon after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. The aim of this study is to identify predictors of early (≤1 year) and late (>1 year) target lesion revascularization (TLR) in DESs.MethodsThe COACT (CathOlic medical center percutAneous Coronary inTervention) registry was designed to evaluate the clinical outcomes after DES implantation. Data from 9,127 consecutive patients were reviewed, all of whom underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DES between January 2004 and December 2009, including 8,126 patients who received PCI with homogenous DES.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 24 months (interquartile range, 11–41), the cumulative incidences of early and late TLR were 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–5.1) and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.9–3.7). Independent predictors of early TLR were multivessel disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.637; 95% CI 1.241–2.158, P < 0.001) and stent diameter (OR 0.614; 95% CI 0.437–0.862, P = 0.005). Independent predictors of late TLR were stent diameter (OR 0.567; 95% CI 0.367–0.875, P = 0.010), insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (OR 2.235; 95% CI 1.314–3.802, P = 0.003), first‐generation DES (OR 5.104; 95% CI 2.744–9.492, P < 0.001), and elevated levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein at follow‐up coronary angiography >2 mg/dL (OR 1.616; 95% CI 1.173–2.226, P = 0.003).ConclusionsAlthough multivessel disease and stent diameter were associated with early TLR, late TLR was more associated with clinical comorbidities including insulin‐dependent diabetes and procedural factors like the generation of the stent used and stent diameter. The risk factors for TLR may be markedly different at different time points during TLR. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:137–144)
Delayed delivery of intravenous gentamicin in neonates: impact of infusion variables
Authors: Medlicott Natalie J , Reith David M , McCaffrey Frances , Krittaphol Woravimol , Broadbent Roland S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objective
To investigate infusion variables that delay delivery of gentamicin through neonatal infusion lines.

Methods
Infusions were set up to simulate administration of gentamicin to neonates. The primary infusion was 10% dextrose (Baxter Colleague pump). A syringe driver was used to deliver a coloured marker via the T-connection over 35 min followed by a 1 ml normal saline flush over 35 min. Effects of dextrose concentration, primary infusion rate, dose volume and angle of the primary line were investigated. Gentamicin adsorption to in-line filters (Poisdyne Neo) and administration protocols from different neonatal intensive care units were also investigated.

Key findings
Low dose volumes (&lt;0.4 ml) infused into slow-flowing glucose (dextrose) lines (3.8–4 ml/h) did not mix well at the T-connection. Coloured solutions formed an upper layer that moved in a retrograde direction towards the primary infusion bag. Gentamicin did not adsorb onto Posidyne Neo filters. Comparison of infusion protocols for gentamicin administration showed that slow infusion (30 min) into slow-flowing lines (4 ml/h) containing 10% glucose gave low recovery of drug during the infusion (&lt;30% of intended dose).

Conclusions
Poor mixing at the T-connection appears to be the cause of delayed and/or incomplete gentamicin delivery for low dose volumes and slow infusion rates.