bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationship of seven Dendrolimus (lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) species based on the ultrastructure of male moths' antennae and antennal sensilla
Authors: Tan Qiong , Yan Xiong‐Fei , Wen Jun‐Bao , LI ZHEN‐YU 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe morphology and ultrastructure of the antennae and antennal sensilla of seven male Dendrolimus species and a male Trabala vishnou gigantina (Yang) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) were examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Six morphological types of antennal sensilla were identified: Sensilla trichodea, Sensilla chaetica, Sensilla styloconica, Sensilla coeloconica, Böhm bristles, and foot‐like sensilla. Six of the Dendrolimus moths and Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang share the same antennal sensilla type, as do various geographic populations of the same species. The exception, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, has foot‐like sensilla. However, the antennal sensilla subtypes were significantly different among species and/or populations. There were no remarkable differences in the width of the scape, pedicel, subflagellum, and the side‐branches between the eight male species studied. However, we observed significant differences in the number of flagellomere and the length of scape, pedicel, subflagellums, and side‐branches. The length and basal diameter of various types of antennal sensilla did not vary significantly among Dendrolimus moths. Beyond that, there were no differences among populations of the same kind of species. Hierarchical cluster analysis found two clusters: the first contained D. punctata punctata (Walker), D. punctata wenshanensis (Tsai et Liu), D. tabulaeformis (Tsai et Liu), and D. spectabilis and D. superans (Butler), and the second contained D. grisea (Moore) and D. kikuchii kikuchii (Matsumura). Trabala vishnou gigantina was placed separately from the two clusters. We conclude that D. punctata wenshanensis,D. tabulaeformis, and D. spectabilis are geographic subspecies of D. punctata punctata. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Term Survival of Anoxia Despite Rapid ATP Decline in Embryos of the Annual KillifishAustrofundulus limnaeus
Authors: Podrabsky Jason E. , Menze Michael A. , Hand Steven C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEmbryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeuscan survive for months in the complete absence of oxygen. Survival of anoxia is associated with entry into a state of metabolic dormancy known as diapause. However, extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained for several days of post‐diapause development. Rates of heat dissipation in diapause II and 4 days post‐diapause II embryos were measured under aerobic conditions and during the transition into anoxia. Phosphorylated adenylate compounds were quantified in embryos during entry into anoxia and after 12 hr of aerobic recovery. Rates of heat dissipation were not affected by exposure to anoxia in diapause II embryos, while post‐diapause II embryos experienced a profound decrease in heat dissipation. ATP decreased substantially in both developmental stages upon exposure to anoxia, and all indicators of cellular energetic status indicated energetic stress, at least based on the mammalian paradigm. The rate of decline in ATP is the most acute reported for any vertebrate. The mechanisms responsible for cellular survival despite a clear dysregulation between energy production and energy consumption remain to be identified. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death in response to hypoxia contribute to poor survival during many diseases and pathological conditions in mammals. Understanding the mechanisms that are in place to prevent maladaptive cell death in embryos ofA. limnaeusmay greatly improve treatment strategies in diseases that involve hypoxia and reperfusion injuries.J. Exp. Zool. 317A:524–532, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feeding Underground: Kinematics of Feeding in Caecilians
Authors: Herrel Anthony , Measey G. John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCaecilians are limbless amphibians that have evolved distinct cranial and postcranial specializations associated with a burrowing lifestyle. Observations on feeding behavior are rare and restricted to above‐ground feeding in laboratory conditions. Here we report data on feeding in tunnels using both external video and X‐ray recordings of caecilians feeding on invertebrate prey. Our data show feeding kinematics similar to those previously reported, including the pronounced neck bending observed during above‐ground feeding. Our data illustrate, however, that caecilians may be much faster than previously suspected, with lunge speeds of up to 7 cm sec−1. Although gape cycles are often slow (0.67 ± 0.29 sec), rapid jaw closure is observed during prey capture, with cycle times and jaw movement velocities similar to those observed in other terrestrial tetrapods. Finally, our data suggest that gape angles may be large (64.8 ± 18°) and that gape profiles are variable, often lacking distinct slow and fast opening and closing phases. These data illustrate the importance of recording naturalistic feeding behavior and shed light on how these animals are capable of capturing and processing prey in constrained underground environments. Additional data on species with divergent cranial morphologies would be needed to better understand the co‐evolution between feeding, burrowing, and cranial design in caecilians.J. Exp. Zool. 317A:533–539, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bidirectional Sex Change Induced by Sex Steroid Implantation in the Hermaphrodite Fish, Pseudolabrus sieboldi
Authors: Ohta Kohei , Sakai Mami , Sundaray Jittendra Kumar , Kitano Takeshi , Takeda Tatsusuke , Yamaguchi Akihiko , Matsuyama Michiya 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSex steroids have been suggested to be involved in gonadal sex change in hermaphrodite fish. Aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens, is a principal enzyme regulating gonadal sex. However, the detailed functions of each steroid hormone remain to be evaluated. Recent studies have demonstrated that estradiol‐17β (E2) is synthesized via estrone (E1) in some hermaphrodite species. On the other hand, 11‐ketotestosterone (11KT) is produced in the testis via testosterone (T). In this study, we hypothesized that E1 and T are also involved in the sex change as precursors for E2 and 11KT, respectively. We implanted females of the wrasse, Pseudolabrus sieboldi, with T and 11KT, and males with E1 and E2, by use of sustained‐release capsules. In females, testicular tissues and body color change were observed after androgen administration, in which 11KT was more effective than T. In contrast, after estrogen administration, the gonads of males contained oocytes. In females, the administration of T and 11KT resulted in reduced serum E2 levels. Conversely, serum 11KT levels decreased in the E1‐ and E2‐treated males. Thus, we successfully induced bidirectional sex change in the gonad by estrogen and androgen administration in vivo. Moreover, this study raises the possibility that E1 and T are involved in the sex change as precursors for E2 and 11KT, respectively. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:552–560, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of IL28B genotype and viral response of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 to interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Seko Yuya , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe impacts of IL28B genotype to treatment response of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 are still not clear. A total of 381 consecutive Japanese patients infected with HCV genotype 2, who could complete combination therapy with interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin for 24 weeks, were evaluated to investigate pretreatment predictors. Patients, who could not achieve sustained virological response at the first course of 24‐week IFN plus ribavirin, were recruited into the study protocol of total 48‐week IFN plus ribavirin. In 24‐week regimen, rates of sustained virological response and rapid virological response were 82% and 50%, respectively. There were no significant differences in rates of sustained virological response and rapid virological response, according to IL28B genotype. Multivariate analysis identified younger age, higher level of albumin, absence of past history of IFN, and lower level of viremia as significant determinants of sustained virological response. As significant or marginal significant determinants of non‐sustained virological response regardless of rapid virological response, multivariate analysis identified IL28B rs8099917 genotype TG + GG and lower level of albumin. In 48‐week regimen to 10 patients of non‐sustained virological response at the first course of 24‐week regimen, sustained virological response rates were 70%. All of six patients, with IL28B TT and relapse at the first course of 24‐week regimen, could achieve sustained virological response, but two patients with IL28B TG could not achieve sustained virological response. In conclusion, the present results suggest that IL28B genotype might partly affect viral response of HCV genotype 2 to combination therapy. J. Med. Virol. 84:1593–1599, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical characteristics and chronicity of acute hepatitis B induced by lamivudine‐resistant strains
Authors: Luo Qingzhou , Zhong Yandan , Yang Yongfeng , Xiong Qingfang , Hu Zhiliang , Lu Weiming , Huang Ping , Zhang Ning 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhether resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains are transmissible and can lead to chronic infection remains to be studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute hepatitis B caused by lamivudine (LAM)‐resistant strains. Sera were collected from 234 Chinese patients with acute hepatitis B. LAM‐resistance mutations were identified by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing. LAM‐resistant HBV variants were detected in 11 of the 234 (4.7%) patients. Among these patients, six harbored the rtM204I mutation, two harbored the rtL180M + rtM204I mutations, one harbored the rtM204I + rtM204V mutations, one harbored the rtL80I + rtM204I mutations, and one harbored the rtV173L + rtL180M + rtM204V mutations. Three patients were infected with genotype B HBV and eight patients were infected with genotype C HBV. Two patients infected with viruses with LAM‐resistance mutations developed severe acute hepatitis. One patient developed chronic hepatitis B. This patient was infected with genotype C HBV that had LAM‐resistance mutations (rtL180M + rtM204I). The patient was diagnosed with an occult hepatitis B virus infection based on the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. LAM‐resistant HBV strains in China are transmissible, can cause acute hepatitis B, and can even progress to chronic infection in China. J. Med. Virol. 84:1558–1561, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis B e antigen predicts delayed reduction of HBV DNA without viral breakthrough with adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine: A 5‐year study of patients with hepatitis B with lamivudine resistance
Authors: Ikeda Fusao , Baba Nobuyuki , Takaguchi Koichi , Kubota Junichi , Miyoshi Kenji , Fujioka Shin‐ichi , Moritou Yuki , Takeuchi Yasuto , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Miyake Yasuhiro , Takaki Akinobu , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Kobashi Haruhiko , Yamamoto Kazuhide 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo clarify the factors associated with delayed reduction of HBV DNA during combination treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and lamivudine (LAM) for patients with LAM‐resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV), factors including patient characteristics, viral mutations, and drug metabolism were investigated during a 5‐year observation period. Delayed reduction of HBV DNA was defined as delayed viral response of detectable HBV DNA after 3 years of combination therapy. Of 67 consecutive patients, 47 attained undetectable HBV DNA after 3 years of combination therapy, and the mean therapeutic duration was 5 years (range: 3.0–8.4 years). The patients with delayed viral response had high levels of HBV DNA and HBe antigen, while those with negative or low levels of HBe antigen were also negative for HBV DNA, even if they had high levels of HBV DNA. In the multivariate analysis with the proportional hazards model, a high baseline level of HBe antigen was negatively associated with viral decline to an undetectable level (P = 0.013). A higher baseline of HBe antigen corresponded to a lower annual decline in HBV DNA (R = −0.38, P = 0.004). No patients showed ADV‐resistant mutations in the HBV reverse transcriptase region. Trough concentrations of LAM and ADV showed no clear associations with viral response. HBe antigen levels at the initiation of therapy, and reductions in these levels during therapy are predictive of the therapeutic response to combination therapy with ADV and LAM for patients with LAM‐resistant HBV. J. Med. Virol. 84:1562–1570, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dried blood spot samples: Optimization of commercial EIAs for hepatitis C antibody detection and stability under different storage conditions
Authors: Marques B.L.C. , Brandão C.U. , Silva E.F. , Marques V.A. , Villela‐Nogueira C.A. , Do Ó K.M.R. , de Paula M.T. , Lewis‐Ximenez L.L. , Lampe E. , Villar L.M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study was undertaken to optimize and compare the efficiency of two commercial EIAs for anti‐HCV detection (HCV Ab Radim, Pomezzia, Italy and ETI‐AB‐HCVK‐4 DiaSorin, Vercelli, Italy), in dried blood spot (DBS) samples. The long‐term stability of anti‐HCV on DBS samples stored at three environmental conditions was also evaluated at: 2–8°C, 20–25°C, and −20°C. Paired DBS and serum samples were obtained from individuals with or without anti‐HCV. The type of elution buffer, sample and conjugate volume, sample incubation time and cut‐off values were evaluated. For both EIAs, a larger sample volume was used, and the cut‐off value determined by the manufacturer was employed for Radim EIA; however, ROC curve analysis was used for the DiaSorin EIA. The sensitivity and specificity of Radim EIA on DBS were 97.5% and 99.5%, respectively, and of DiaSorin EIA were 88.9% and 98.9%, respectively. Accurate results were obtained for a period of 117 days using DBS samples stored at all storage conditions, but storage at −20°C resulted in the lowest variation among the absorbance values. Both EIAs demonstrated the same limit of detection (until dilution of 1:104 with estimated viral load of 3.1 × 10−1 UI/ml), but the Radim EIA was associated with the best performance because a low coefficient of variation was observed in the repetition and reproducibility studies. In conclusion, commercial EIAs can be optimized for anti‐HCV detection in DBS samples that are extremely stable at different conditions for more than 100 days. J. Med. Virol. 84:1600–1607, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus infection of human cytotrophoblasts cultured in vitro
Authors: Nie Qing‐He , Gao Lu‐Hua , Cheng Yong‐Qian , Huang Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Ya‐Fei , Luo Xin‐Dong , Wang Jun‐Qing , Wang Yuan‐Yuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the uterus is a significant path of vertical HCV transmission. Some studies consider vertical HCV transmission in the uterus as the result of maternal blood leakage into infant blood, whereas others theorize that HCV is transmitted by the mother to the infant through cells constituting the placenta barrier. Although trophoblasts play an important role in the placenta barrier, no definitive evidence has been presented to prove that cytotrophoblasts can be infected with HCV. The current study investigated whether or not these can be infected with HCV by conducting an experiment, in which cultured human cytotrophoblasts were infected with HCV in vitro. The results were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), ultrastructural characteristic changes under an electron microscope, and immunoelectron microscopy. HCV RNA in the supernatant of the cultured medium of the infected group was intermittently detected during the 16‐day incubation period using RT‐PCR. Under an electron microscope, the ultrastructures of infected human cytotrophoblasts were markedly different from normal cells, demonstrating lysosomal hyperplasia, rough endoplasmic reticulum, decreased lipid droplets, presence of vacuoles, and the appearance of HCV‐like particles. Using immunoelectron microscopy, HCV‐like particles conjoined with golden granules were also observed. Based on the data, the current study concludes that HCV infects a human cytotrophoblast cultured in vitro; moreover, its ultrastructure changes dramatically upon infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1586–1592, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of rubella virus strains during an outbreak in São Paulo, 2007–2008
Authors: Figueiredo C.A. , Oliveira M.I. , Curti S.P. , Afonso A.M.S. , Frugi Yu A.L. , Gualberto F. , Durigon E.L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRubella virus (RV) is an important human pathogen that causes rubella, an acute contagious disease. It also causes severe birth defects collectively known as congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Here, we present the phylogenetic analysis of RV that circulated in São Paulo during the 2007–2008 outbreak. Samples collected from patients diagnosed with rubella were isolated in cell culture and sequenced. RV RNA was obtained from samples or RV‐infected cell cultures and amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Sequences were assigned to genotypes by phylogenetic analysis using RV reference sequences. Seventeen sequences were analyzed, and three genotypes were identified: 1a, 1G, and 2B. Genotypes 1a and 1G, which were isolated in 2007, were responsible for sporadic rubella cases in São Paulo. Thereafter, in late 2007, the epidemiological conditions changed, resulting in a large RV outbreak with the clear dominance of genotype 2B. The results of this study provide new approaches for monitoring the progress of elimination of rubella from São Paulo, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 84:1666–1671, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OpenCL‐based acceleration of the FDTD method in computational electromagnetics
Authors: Stefański Tomasz , Benkler Stefan , Chavannes Nicolas , Kuster Niels 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe evolution of processors into multi‐core architectures has led to the acceleration of scientific codes using numerous highly specialized processors, that is, multi‐core central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs) and also devices that merge both technologies in a single‐die chip. Development of parallel codes that are both scalable and portable between the processor architectures is challenging. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the acceleration of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method in computational electromagnetics on modern computing architectures, that is, multi‐core CPUs and GPUs, through the use of Open Computing Language (OpenCL). Further extension of the OpenCL parallel programing model with the Message Passing Interface allows for the targeting of standard distributed memory computer clusters as well as clusters accelerated by GPUs. Portability between hardware manufactured by different vendors and highly specialized and parallel computing architectures is the main advantage of the developed FDTD solvers. The codes were coupled with a commercial simulation platform to evaluate the performance of the solvers in real‐world industrial scenarios. Although the portability resulted in a slightly reduced performance (10–35%) of the OpenCL‐accelerated FDTD simulations compared with the native Compute Unified Device Architecture or Open Multiprocessing implementations, the obtained benchmarking results of the OpenCL FDTD solvers on distributed memory systems show that the communication overhead can be hidden by computations for sufficiently large simulation domains with a scaling efficiency higher than 90%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization–environment adaptation: A macro‐level shift in modeling work distress and morale
Authors: Dollard Maureen F. , Osborne Karen , Manning Ian 
Published: August 2012

SummaryWe theorized that organization–environment adaptation, the interaction between external demands and personnel resources, predicts distress and morale. We tested this hypothesis in 29 stations within one state police department, and combined three data sources. We measured environmental demands for policing via census data pertaining to the station precinct (e.g., per cent unemployed; per cent in public housing). We assessed resources via personnel numbers within stations. Outcomes were employee's perceptions of staff distress and morale at the station (N = 247), assessed twice, 14 months apart. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found that environmental demands predicted perceptions of workgroup distress and morale and that the relationships were moderated by personnel resources. For distress, when resources were low, demands were positively associated with distress; when resources were high, demands were negatively associated with distress. For morale, when resources were high, demands were positively associated with morale; there was no relationship when resources were low. Results show that aversive and pleasurable reactions at work may be traced to how resources are employed to manage external demands. Results support a macro‐level shift in modeling distress and morale, incorporating external demands, and strategic management decisions regarding personnel resourcing. Our research suggests that rather than being a result of individual failure to adapt, compromised work ability may result from an organizational failure to adapt to the environmental context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role stress, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions: A causal analysis of three alternative specifications
Authors: Kemery Edward R. , Mossholder Kevin W. , Bedeian Arthur G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCausal relationships involving role stressors, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions were examined within three alternative specifications. These specifications stemmed from Beehr and Newman's (1978) and Schuler's (1982) models of role stress and Locke's (1976) theory of job satisfaction. The results, derived from LISREL VI analyses, indicate that a revised Schuler model is the most plausible specification. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for understanding role stress and employee withdrawal.
Work‐Family conflict: The effect of job and family involvement
Authors: Frone Michael R. , Rice Robert W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA review of past research revealed inconsistent findings concerning the relationship between job involvement and work‐family conflict. This study tested whether family involvement moderates the relationship between job involvement and work‐family conflict. Two types of family involvement (spouse and parent) and two types of work‐family conflict (job‐spouse and job‐parent) were assessed. Data were gathered via questionnaire from a sample of nonteaching professionals employed by a large public university in the northeastern United States. As hypothesized, job involvement and job‐spouse conflict were positively related for individuals high in spouse involvement and unrelated for individuals low in spouse involvement. Contrary to prediction, parental involvement did not moderate the relationship between job involvement and job‐parent conflict. Instead, job involvement was positively related to job‐parent conflict regardless of the level of parental involvement. Results are discussed in terms of standards for role performance and strength of role demands. Implications for future research are also discussed.