bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emerging role of native mass spectrometry in characterizing the structure and dynamics of macromolecular complexes
Authors: Boeri Erba Elisabetta , Petosa Carlo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for determining the mass of biomolecules with high accuracy and sensitivity. MS performed under so‐called “native conditions” (native MS) can be used to determine the mass of biomolecules that associate noncovalently. Here we review the application of native MS to the study of protein−ligand interactions and its emerging role in elucidating the structure of macromolecular assemblies, including soluble and membrane protein complexes. Moreover, we discuss strategies aimed at determining the stoichiometry and topology of subunits by inducing partial dissociation of the holo‐complex. We also survey recent developments in "native top‐down MS", an approach based on Fourier Transform MS, whereby covalent bonds are broken without disrupting non‐covalent interactions. Given recent progress, native MS is anticipated to play an increasingly important role for researchers interested in the structure of macromolecular complexes.
Designing InGaN/GaN nano‐LED arrays for étendue‐limited applications
Authors: Fox Sophia , O'Kane Simon , Lis Szymon , Allsopp Duncan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the far field results of a study by simulation using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method of vertical light emitting diode structures with an incorporated ordered nanorod array in place of the typical surface roughened region. For a dipole placed directly below the centre nanorod in the FDTD model, highly collimated light is achieved by changing the radii of the nanorods, for a fixed array pitch, which we attribute mainly to Bragg diffraction. By changing the pitch only, higher diffraction orders are observed in the far field emission as the pitch is increased and a relative increase in the directionality of emission is predicted. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic approach using simple and radical hysterectomy for endometrial cancer with long‐term follow‐up evaluation
Authors: Damiani Gianluca Raffaello , Turoli Daniela , Cormio Gennaro , Croce Paolo , Merola Viviana , Gaetani Maria , Recalcati Dario , Pellegrino Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFeasibility and outcome of robotic‐assisted laparoscopy (RAL) for endometrial cancer was evaluated with a mean follow‐up of 4 years.MethodsRobotic hysterectomy (RH) and type B robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH), with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLH), was performed on 51 consecutive patients. Records were reviewed for demographic data, medical/surgical history and comorbidities, perioperative findings and outcomes, as well as long‐term complications and recurrences. Regarding stage, according to 2009 FIGO, 25% of cases were IA, while 20%, 53% and 2% of cases were, respectively, IB, II and IIIA stage.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients underwent RRH + PLH (54.9%), four patients underwent RH with concurrent nodal sampling (NS) (7.8%); a total of 32 PLH were performed (62.6%).The median operative time for RRH + PLH was 255 min (range: 160–435). Pathology confirmed the adequacy of the surgical specimen.ConclusionOur data support the adoption of RAL staging in patients with endometrial cancer, including those with cervical involvement, and demonstrate good long‐term outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model reduction of discrete Markovian jump systems with time‐weighted H2 performance
Authors: Sun Minhui , Lam James 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the optimal time‐weighted H2 model reduction problem for discrete Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs). The purpose is to find a mean square stable MJLS of lower order such that the time‐weighted H2 norm of the corresponding error system is minimized for a given mean square stable discrete MJLSs. The notation of time‐weighted H2 norm of discrete MJLS is defined for the first time, and then a computational formula of this norm is given, which requires the solution of two sets of recursive discrete Markovian jump Lyapunov‐type linear matrix equations. Based on the time‐weighted H2 norm formula, we propose a gradient flow method to solve the optimal time‐weighted H2 model reduction problem. A necessary condition for minimality is derived, which generalizes the standard result for systems when Markov jumps and the time‐weighting term do not appear. Finally, numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐order consensus for nonlinear leader‐following multi‐agent systems via dynamic output feedback control
Authors: Du Haibo , Cheng Yingying , He Yigang , Jia Ruting 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe second‐order consensus problem of nonlinear leader‐following multi‐agent systems is investigated in this paper. To solve the case that the velocities of all agents cannot be measured and the nonlinearity is unknown, an observer‐based dynamic output feedback controller is proposed based on a non‐separation principle method. Using the feedback domination technique, it is shown that the systems output can reach consensus by choosing appropriate gains. Two examples are given to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Kalman filtering for nonlinear multivariable stochastic systems in the presence of non‐Gaussian noise
Authors: Stojanovic Vladimir , Nedic Novak 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe presence of outliers can considerably degrade the performance of linear recursive algorithms based on the assumptions that measurements have a Gaussian distribution. Namely, in measurements there are rare, inconsistent observations with the largest part of population of observations (outliers). Therefore, synthesis of robust algorithms is of primary interest. The Masreliez–Martin filter is used as a natural frame for realization of the state estimation algorithm of linear systems. Improvement of performances and practical values of the Masreliez‐Martin filter as well as the tendency to expand its application to nonlinear systems represent motives to design the modified extended Masreliez–Martin filter. The behaviour of the new approach to nonlinear filtering, in the case when measurements have non‐Gaussian distributions, is illustrated by intensive simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An intrusion detection method for wireless sensor network based on mathematical morphology
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Wu Xiaoling , Chen Hainan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSecurity issue in Internet of Things (IoTs) has long been the topic of extensive research in the last decade. Data encryption and authentication are the most common two methods to address the security issues in IoTs. However, these efforts are ineffective in detecting the diverse malicious attacks, especially in intrusion detection. Comparatively, very few attentions have been paid for detecting intrusive nodes in IoTs research. Therefore, in this paper, we derive an innovative method called granulometric size distribution (GSD) method based on mathematical morphology for detecting malicious attack in IoTs, such as intrusion detection. We successfully generate GSD clusters to directly monitor the number of active nodes in a wireless sensor network because the GSD curves are similar when the number of active nodes in a wireless sensor network is fixed. Link Quality Indicator data of each node are utilized as the network parameters in this method. The results show the effectiveness in intrusion detection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student-Initiated Sexual Health Selective as a Curricular Tool
Authors: Johnson Katie , Rullo Jordan , Faubion Stephanie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Patients' sexual health functioning is important for physicians in all fields of medicine to consider; however, this topic is lacking from almost half of U.S. medical school curricula.

Aims
This study aims to develop, implement, and assess the feasibility of a preliminary sexual health curriculum for medical students.

Methods
This Sexual Health Selective (SHS) was developed and implemented by a student and faculty champion for first year medical students. Its design incorporated a number of the guiding principles and recommendations from the 2012 Summit on Medical School Education in Sexual Health.

Main Outcome Measures
Feasibility was measured by limited-efficacy testing and participant acceptability of the SHS. Limited-efficacy testing was accomplished by conducting descriptive comparisons of responses to a sexual health attitudes and knowledge survey. These responses were compared between (i) participants vs. nonparticipants prior to the SHS, (ii) participants immediately after vs. participants prior to the SHS, (iii) participants 3 months after vs. participants prior to the SHS, and (iv) participants 3 months after vs. participants immediately after the SHS. Participant acceptability was assessed by asking qualitatively and quantitatively whether students enjoyed the SHS, found it beneficial to their learning, and would recommend it to their classmates.

Results
Immediately after the SHS and 3 months later, participants reported increased comfort and open-mindedness in their attitudes toward sexual health and demonstrated an increase in accurate knowledge about sexual health issues compared with baseline. Objective follow-up also revealed that most participants enjoyed the SHS, found it beneficial to their learning, and would recommend it to their classmates.

Conclusions
The 1-week SHS was successfully implemented through the teamwork of a medical student and faculty champion. It resulted in more accurate knowledge and more open attitudes toward sexual health among participating medical students. Potential benefits to undergraduate medical educators are reviewed.
Simplified fatigue load assessment in offshore wind turbine structural analysis
Authors: Zwick Daniel , Muskulus Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe estimation of fatigue lifetime for an offshore wind turbine support structure requires a large number of time‐domain simulations. It is an important question whether it is possible to reduce the number of load cases while retaining a high level of accuracy of the results. We present a novel method for simplified fatigue load assessments based on statistical regression models that estimate fatigue damage during power production. The main idea is to predict the total fatigue damage only and not also the individual damage values for each load case. We demonstrate the method for a jacket‐type support structure. Reducing the number of simulated load cases from 21 to 3, the total fatigue damage estimate exhibited a maximum error of about 6% compared with the complete assessment. As a consequence, a significant amount of simulation time can be saved, in the order of a factor of seven. This quick fatigue assessment is especially interesting in the application of structural optimization, with a large number of iterations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of breaking wave characteristics and impact loads on offshore wind turbines supported by monopiles
Authors: Hallowell S. , Myers A. T. , Arwade S. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMost existing and planned offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are located in shallow water where the possibility of breaking waves impacting the structure may influence design. Breaking waves and their associated impact loads are challenging to model because the breaking process is a strongly non‐linear phenomenon with significant statistical scattering. Given the challenges and uncertainty in modeling breaking waves, there is a need for comparing existing models with simultaneous environmental and structural measurements taken from utility‐scale OWTs exposed to breaking waves. Overall, such measurements are lacking; however, one exception is the Offshore Wind Turbines at Exposed Sites project, which recorded sea state conditions and associated structural loads for a 2.0 MW OWT supported by a monopile and located at the Blyth wind farm off the coast of England. Measurements were recorded over a 17 month campaign between 2001 and 2003, a period that included a storm that exposed the instrumented OWT to dozens of breaking waves. This paper uses the measurements from this campaign to categorize and identify breaking waves and quantify the variability of their impact loads. For this particular site and turbine, the distribution of measured mudline moments due to breaking waves has a mean of 8.7 MN‐m, a coefficient of variation of 26% and a maximum of 14.9 MN‐m. The accuracy of several breaking wave limits and impact force models is compared with the measurements, and the impact force models are shown to represent the measurements with varying accuracy and to be sensitive to modeling assumptions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New power production options for biomass and cogeneration
Authors: Karampinis Emmanouil , Kourkoumpas Dimitrios‐Sotirios , Grammelis Panagiotis , Kakaras Emmanuel 
Published: February 2015

Power production and combined heat and power production from biomass is a form of renewable energy that has gained significance and is expected to grow steadily over the coming years. Because of fundamental differences in properties between biomass and traditional fossil fuels for power generation, biomass power plants source their fuel mostly locally and their capacity is restricted by local availability. Biomass conversion technologies can be broadly classified as thermochemical and biochemical. Thermochemical processes include combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis and are mostly suitable for dry biomass fractions. Wet biomass fractions are most commonly converted using biochemical processes, such as fermentation and anaerobic digestion. Integration with power production systems depends on the intermediate energy carrier produced (steam, gas) and is usually achieved through conventional or organic Rankine cycles or reciprocating internal combustion engines. Despite being considered as a carbon‐neutral energy source, power production from biomass can have environmental consequences, which depend on the feedstock type, conversion process, and the type of flue gas–cleaning equipment installed. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:471–485. doi: 10.1002/wene.163This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Virus‐based nanomaterials as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance contrast agents: from technology development to translational medicine
Authors: Shukla Sourabh , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: February 2015

Viruses have recently emerged as ideal protein scaffolds for a new class of contrast agents that can be used in medical imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whereas synthetic nanoparticles are difficult to produce as homogeneous formulations due to the inherently stochastic nature of the synthesis process, virus‐based nanoparticles are genetically encoded and are therefore produced as homogeneous and monodisperse preparations with a high degree of quality control. Because the virus capsids have a defined chemical structure that has evolved to carry cargoes of nucleic acids, they can be modified to carry precisely defined cargoes of contrast agents and can be decorated with spatially defined contrast reagents on the internal or external surfaces. Viral nanoparticles can also be genetically programed or conjugated with targeting ligands to deliver contrast agents to specific cells, and the natural biocompatibility of viruses means that they are cleared rapidly from the body. Nanoparticles based on bacteriophages and plant viruses are safe for use in humans and can be produced inexpensively in large quantities as self‐assembling recombinant proteins. Based on these considerations, a new generation of contrast agents has been developed using bacteriophages and plant viruses as scaffolds to carry positron‐emitting radioisotopes such as [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose for PET imaging and iron oxide or Gd3+ for MRI. Although challenges such as immunogenicity, loading efficiency, and regulatory compliance remain to be address, virus‐based nanoparticles represent a promising new enabling technology for a new generation of highly biocompatible and biodegradable targeted imaging reagents. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:708–721. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1335This article is categorized under:

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Development of virus‐like particles for diagnostic and prophylactic biomedical applications
Authors: Schwarz Benjamin , Douglas Trevor 
Published: February 2015

As ordered nanoscale architectures, viruses and virus‐like particles (VLPs) remain unsurpassed by synthetic strategies to produce uniform and symmetric nanoparticles. Maintaining or mimicking the symmetry of pathogenic viruses, VLPs offer a ready platform for facilitating recognition, uptake, and processing by the immune system. An emerging understanding of how viruses interact with the immune system offers a means of precisely designing nanoparticles for biomedical use, both with respect to the structure of the particle as well as their ability to stimulate the immune system. Here we discuss recent advances by our group toward two parallel and complementary applications of VLPs, derived primarily from plants, bacteriophage, and nonviral sources, in biomedicine: diagnostic imaging and rational vaccine design. First we discuss advances in increasing VLP payloads of gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent as well as controlling the characteristics of individual gadolinium containing molecules to increase efficacy. In order to better understand the in vivo potential of VLP constructs, we then discuss the interface of protein‐cages and the immune system beginning with the nonspecific innate immune system stimulation and continuing into the use of nonpathogenic VLPs as scaffolds for specific antigen presentation and control of the immune response. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:722–735. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1336This article is categorized under:

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Nanocomposite CdSe/Cr2Se3: Synthesis, Characterization, and in situ Transformation Study
Authors: Deng Mao , Hrkac Viktor , Schürmann Ulrich , Erkartal Burak , Wolff Niklas , Gerwien Kathrin , Hesseler Britta , Beiroth Femke , Bensch Wolfgang , Duppel Viola , Kienle Lorenz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA 0‐3 nanocomposite of CdSe (crystalline nanoparticles) and Cr2Se3 (amorphous matrix) was synthesized via a soft chemical approach and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particularly the transformation of the 0‐3 composite is explored in situ under electron beam irradiation and thermal annealing inside the TEM. In situ electron beam irradiation removed exclusively the CdSe nanoparticles and generated a porous Cr2Se3 matrix with a slightly increased crystallinity. The highly localized beam heating and knock‐on effect are attributed to the origin of the in situ irradiation transformation. During the in situ thermal annealing process of the 0‐3 nanocomposite CdSe particles are eliminated and crystalline nano‐ and microparticles of Cr2Se3 are generated. Also the formation of chromium enriched crystallites is observed. All of these in situ results are compared with conventional ex situ methods and discussed in terms of the different mechanisms associated with electron beam interaction and size effects of the nanocomposite.
Independent and combined effects of cognitive and physical activity on incident MCI
Authors: Hughes Tiffany F. , Becker James T. , Lee Ching‐Wen , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to examine the independent and combined influences of late‐life cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) on the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe used interval censored survival modeling to examine the risk of incident MCI (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] = 0.5) as a function of CA (high vs. low) and at least moderate intensity PA (any vs. none) among 864 cognitively normal (CDR = 0) older adults.ResultsDuring three annual follow‐up waves, 72 participants developed MCI. Compared with low CA with no PA, significant reductions in risk for MCI were observed for high CA with any PA (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.52) and low CA with any PA (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.93), but not for high CA without PA (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.45–1.95).DiscussionThese findings suggest that a combination of CA and PA may be most efficacious at reducing the risk for cognitive impairment.
The effect of long-term feeding of skin barrier-fortified diets on the owner-assessed incidence of atopic dermatitis symptoms in Labrador retrievers
Authors: van Beeck Frank Looringh , Watson Adrian , Bos Margriet , Biourge Vincent , Willemse Ton 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigated the effect of feeding a skin barrier function-augmenting diet early in dogs' lives on the appearance of clinical signs associated with canine atopic dermatitis. Pregnant bitches (starting 5 weeks after mating) and their subsequent litters (up to 1 year of age) were fed either supplemented or unsupplemented diets. Nutrients supplemented were nicotinamide, pantothenate, histidine, inositol and choline. Circulating IgE levels to dust mute allergens Der f and Der p were measured when the puppies were 6 and 12 months old. Two owner questionnaires were used to assess the occurrence of typical signs associated with atopic dermatitis when dogs were between the ages of 22 and 36, and 34 and 48 months. Using linear mixed models we observed higher levels of circulating anti-Der f (P = 0·021) and -Der p IgE (P = 0·01) during the first year in the dogs fed the unsupplemented than in those fed the supplemented diet. The owner-assessed incidence of atopic dermatitis signs amongst the dogs was significantly greater in the unsupplemented group at the time of the second follow-up questionnaire (10/33 dogs v. 2/24 dogs). These outcomes suggest that a nutritionally derived improvement to barrier function early in life may reduce the frequency of signs associated with atopic dermatitis. The effect is possibly the result of making the epidermis, now thought to be a major route of environmental allergen exposure, more resistant to penetration.