bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laminin promotes metalloproteinase‐mediated dystroglycan processing to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation
Authors: Leiton Cindy V. , Aranmolate Azeez , Eyermann Christopher , Menezes Michael J. , Escobar‐Hoyos Luisa F. , Husain Solomon , Winder Steve J. , Colognato Holly 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe cell surface receptor dystroglycan mediates interactions between oligodendroglia and laminin‐211, an extracellular matrix protein that regulates timely oligodendroglial development. However, dystroglycan's precise role in oligodendroglial development and the potential mechanisms to regulate laminin–dystroglycan interactions remain unknown. Here we report that oligodendroglial dystroglycan is cleaved by metalloproteinases, thereby uncoupling oligodendroglia from laminin binding. Dystroglycan cleavage is selectively stimulated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cell attachment to laminin‐211, but not laminin‐111 or poly‐d‐lysine. In addition, dystroglycan cleavage occurs most prominently in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, with limited dystroglycan cleavage observed in differentiating oligodendrocytes. When dystroglycan cleavage is blocked by metalloproteinase inhibitors, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation is substantially decreased. Conversely, expression of the intracellular portion of cleaved dystroglycan results in increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation, suggesting that endogenous dystroglycan cleavage may promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell cycle progression. Intriguingly, while matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and/or ‐9 have been reported to be responsible for dystroglycan cleavage, we find that these two metalloproteinases are neither necessary nor sufficient for cleavage of oligodendroglial dystroglycan. In summary, laminin‐211 stimulates metalloproteinase‐mediated dystroglycan cleavage in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (but not in differentiated oligodendrocytes), which in turn promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation. This novel regulation of oligodendroglial laminin–dystroglycan interactions may have important consequences for oligodendroglial differentiation, both during development and during disease when metalloproteinase levels become elevated.
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A subset of dystroglycan expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors is cleaved by (1) a metalloproteinase, and, predicted, (2) by a γ‐secretase to generate an intracellular β−dystroglycan fragment. Cleavage occurs preferentially following attachment to the dystroglycan extracellular ligand, laminin‐211. The intracellular portion of cleaved dystroglycan then promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation, providing a novel reciprocal mechanism by which laminin–dystroglycan interactions influence oligodendroglial development. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
On the distribution of information from muscle spindles in the spinal cord; how much does it depend on random factors?
Authors: Jankowska E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInformation forwarded by individual muscle spindles is modulated by the dynamic and static gamma motoneurons in a differentiated way, depending on the coupling between the fusimotor neurons and the various intrafusal muscle fibres. Further modulation of this information at the level of spinal neurons is also differentiated because connections between individual muscle spindles and their spinal target cells are quite variable. This review illustrates this variability with respect to the spinal trajectory of muscle spindle primary afferents and the distribution of their synaptic contacts on motoneurons and other spinal neurons. It also discusses some of the consequences of this variability for the processing of information from proprioceptors.
Nurse‐led telephone follow‐up after total knee arthroplasty – content and the patients’ views
Authors: Szöts Kirsten , Konradsen Hanne , Solgaard Søren , Bogø Stina , Østergaard Birte 
Published: July 2015

Aim and objectivesTo generate information on how telephone follow‐up consultations, structured by nursing status according to the VIPS‐model, functioned after total knee arthroplasty. The objectives were to unfold the content of the telephone follow‐ups according to the structure for nursing status and to explore the patients’ views of the telephone follow‐ups.BackgroundThe length of stay in hospital following total knee arthroplasty has fallen markedly, and patients now have to be responsible for their recovery from a very early stage. After discharge, patients may experience a variety of health problems. A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of telephone follow‐up, and information on how the telephone follow‐ups functioned is relevant for implementation into clinical practice.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodOne hundred and four case reports from telephone follow‐up consultations and individual interviews with 10 patients formed the data material. Content analysis was used for the analysis.ResultsThe content of the telephone follow‐ups included dialogues relating to all key subjects for nursing status except ‘culture/spirituality’. The structured Telephone follow‐up was valued by total knee arthroplasties patients as representing a holistic approach and providing adequate information, counselling and support after discharge to home. Three categories were identified with regard to the patients’ views: ‘A means for reflection and provision of adequate information and counselling’, ‘Supportive’ and ‘Not the only resource for support and counselling’.ConclusionNursing status according to the VIPS model is a comprehensive structure to identify the need for counselling, information and support after total knee arthroplasty. The structured telephone follow‐ups were valued for representing a holistic approach and providing adequate information, counselling and support after discharge to home. Conducting telephone follow‐up with a holistic approach demands specialised and broad nursing experience.Relevance to clinical practicePostdischarge follow‐up is important.
Nurses’ knowledge of foot care in the context of home care: a cross‐sectional correlational survey study
Authors: Stolt Minna , Suhonen Riitta , Puukka Pauli , Viitanen Matti , Voutilainen Päivi , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore nurses’ knowledge of foot care and related factors in home care nursing.BackgroundNurses caring for older people are increasingly confronted with clients who have multiple foot problems and need support with their foot health. The role of nurses in promoting foot health, caring for existing foot problems and supporting older people in foot self‐care is especially important in the home care context. However, this entails up‐to‐date foot care knowledge and practices.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational survey study design.MethodsNurses’ knowledge of foot care was evaluated using the Nurses’ Foot Care Knowledge Test developed for this study. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsNurses (registered nurses, public health nurses and licensed practical nurses) from public home care (n = 322, response rate 50%) participated the study. Nurses’ knowledge in foot care varied. The knowledge scores were highest for skin and nail care and lowest for the identification and care of foot structural deformities. Longer working experience in the current work place and participation in continuing education explained higher Nurses’ Foot Care Knowledge Test scores.ConclusionsNurses need more knowledge, and hence continuing education, in the foot care of older people to effectively prevent, recognise and care for foot problems and promote independent living in the community.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses’ have clinically relevant knowledge gaps. Therefore, foot care knowledge of nurses needs to be improved by continuing education in clinical settings. Adequate foot care knowledge among nurses is important to identify, prevent and care foot problems especially in older people.
Prenatal screening at 11–13+6 weeks in assisted reproductive technology singleton pregnancies and those conceived naturally
Authors: Gong Meng , Shi Hua , Zhang Yu‐guo , Ming Lei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate whether assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsA total of 2034 singleton pregnant women were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into ART (574 fetuses) and control groups (1460 fetuses conceived naturally). All pregnant women received screening according to the Fetal Medicine Foundation, London 2004 Kypros H. Nicolaides guidelines at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation. Accordingly, women with value at risk of chromosomal abnormalities >1:250 underwent chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.ResultsMean body mass index was 22.83 ± 3.27 versus 21.29 ± 2.81 kg/m2 in the ART and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean maternal age was higher in the ART group (31.07 ± 4.30 vs 28.16 ± 3.99 years, P < 0.001). Crown–rump length (CRL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) were significantly higher in the ART group (P < 0.001), but free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and plasma protein‐A MoM were similar between the groups. Interestingly, nuchal translucency thickness in the ART group was significantly higher than in the control group, but the difference disappeared at 13–13+6 weeks. Positive ultrasound screening rate was not significantly different. The prevalence of high risk (3.83% vs 3.83%) and that of abnormal karyotype (0.35% vs 0.21%) were similar.ConclusionsDespite the negative factors associated with the infertile women themselves, ART did not seem to increase the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Additionally, fetus size in the ART group was bigger than that in the natural conception group.
Success, clinical performance and patient satisfaction of direct fibre‐reinforced composite fixed partial dentures – a two‐year clinical study
Authors: Malmstrom H. , Dellanzo‐Savu A. , Xiao J. , Feng C. , Jabeen A. , Romero M. , Huang J. , Ren Y. , Yunker M. A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTo evaluate the success, clinical performance and patient satisfaction of directly placed fibre‐reinforced composite (FRC) fixed partial dentures (FPDs) in 2 years. One hundred sixty‐seven FRC FPDs (120 subjects) were directly fabricated to restore a single missing tooth by six Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) residents. The FRC FPDs recipients were rando‐mised into two groups according to the fibre materials (pre‐impregnated glass or polyethylene). Clinical performance was evaluated at baseline (2 weeks), 6, 12 and 24 months by two calibrated evaluators for prosthesis adaptation, colour match, marginal discoloration, surface roughness, caries and post‐operative sensitivity using modified United State Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Prosthesis appearance, colour, chewing ability and overall satisfaction were evaluated by patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to estimate the prosthesis success. Ninety‐four patients with 137 FRC FPDs returned (21·67% attrition rate for study subjects, 17·94% for FRC FPDs). Seventeen FRC FPDs failed, due to one‐end (n = 4) or two‐ends (n = 4) debonding or pontic fracture (n = 9). The cumu‐lative 2‐year success rate was 84·32% and survival rate was 92·7%; there were no statistically significant differences between the groups according to different missing tooth location, retention type or fibre materials (P > 0·05). Patient satisfaction regarding prosthesis appearance, col‐our, chewing ability and overall satisfaction was rated high on the VAS (mean >80 mm) for all criteria at all time points. The FRC FPDs (restoring single tooth) fabricated by AEGD residents achieved acceptable success and survival rates in a 2‐year follow‐up.
Protective effects of paeoniflorin on alveolar bone resorption and soft‐tissue breakdown in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Ni J. , Yang D. , Song L. , Li C. 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectivePaeoniflorin is the main active ingredient in Radix Paeoniae and has been reported to exhibit obvious anti‐inflammatory and immune‐regulatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin on alveolar bone destruction and soft‐tissue breakdown in experimental periodontitis. As supplementary evidence, we evaluated the related expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2).Material and MethodsTwenty‐eight rats were randomly placed into the following four groups: healthy group; periodontitis group; periodontitis plus 30 mg/kg of paeoniflorin (P30) group; and periodontitis plus 60 mg/kg of paeoniflorin (P60) group. Periodontitis was induced in rats by placing ligatures around the lower first molars. The body weight of each rat was measured and recorded before and after the experiment. Bone resorption was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography. Soft‐tissue destruction and collagen fiber degradation were assessed by histologic analysis and picrosirius red staining. The expression levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, iNOS and COX‐2 in gingiva were detected by western blotting.ResultsPeriodontal tissues were intact in the healthy group. Alveolar bone level was significantly reduced, and evident inflammation of soft tissues was observed in the periodontitis group. Paeoniflorin significantly prevented alveolar bone loss and inflammatory infiltration in a dose‐dependent manner. The collagen fiber fractions were significantly higher in the P30 and P60 groups than in the periodontitis group. The results of the western blot analyses revealed that both 30 and 60 mg/kg of paeoniflorin significantly down‐regulated the levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, iNOS and COX‐2.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that paeoniflorin significantly down‐regulates inflammatory infiltration and prevents alveolar bone loss and soft‐tissue destruction in experimental periodontitis. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism of paeoniflorin was further supported, in part, by its inhibitory effect on MMP‐2, MMP‐9, iNOS and COX‐2.
Discordance Between Patient and Clinician Experiences and Priorities in Rural Interhospital Transfer: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mohr Nicholas M. , Wong Terrence S. , Faine Brett , Schlichting Adam , Noack Joseph , Ahmed Azeemuddin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeRural emergency department (ED) patients require interhospital transfer for definitive care at nearly 6 times the national rate, yet transfer decision‐making is variable. The goal of this study was to understand patient experiences, preferences, and decision‐making in the rural interhospital transfer process, and to measure the concordance between patient opinions and provider perceptions.MethodsOurs is a mixed methods study of patients transferred to a 711‐bed Midwestern academic medical center and the emergency physicians in community hospitals. Qualitative interviews were conducted by a single research assistant with admitted patients transferred from an ED, and a corresponding survey was distributed to community emergency physicians. Standardized scenarios were posed to both groups to understand transfer priorities.FindingsSeventy‐nine patients and 40 physicians participated in this study. Patients and physicians cited proximity to home, medical expertise, a personal relationship with a health care provider, health insurance, privacy concerns, and patient choice as the primary factors that influenced patient transfer priorities. Compared with patient respondents, physicians overestimated the patient‐perceived importance of proximity to home (P = .015) and being cared for by a personal physician (P = .049), but they underestimated the value of receiving treatment in a comprehensive medical center (P = .002). In standardized scenarios, physicians agreed with patients in transfer preferences for conditions requiring neurosurgical consultation, but they underestimated patients’ desire for transfer for pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.ConclusionPatients and physicians recognize similar factors that influence patient preferences in interhospital ED transfer, but physicians may overestimate the value of nonmedical influences on decision‐making priorities.
Proximity to the host is an important characteristic for selection of the first support in lianas
Authors: Roeder Mareike , Slik J.W. Ferry , Harrison Rhett D. , Paudel Ekananda , Tomlinson Kyle W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuestionLianas depend on support to reach optimal growing conditions. They can infest trees unevenly, and host selection may depend on functional characteristics of the potential hosts, such as growth rate, bark type or tree architecture. In this context we hypothesized that (1) simple proximity to the rooting point of the liana is the overriding property predicting the probability of selection as the host; (2) the distance to the host decreases with increasing stem density in the surrounding community; (3) host distance becomes more variable with liana age (~diameter), as some larger lianas probably have already lost their first host, whereas small lianas should use the nearest available stem to climb; and (iv) liana infestation of plant families is proportional to family abundance.LocationMontane forest in southwest China.MethodsWe surveyed lianas (≥0.5‐cm diameter) in 17 plots consisting of 153 subplots, recording the rooting point of lianas and the closest used host and nearest possible support, species identity and diameter of both liana and host.ResultsOf the analysed host–liana pairs, half of all lianas used the host that was closest to their rooting points. Distance to the nearest support was the most important predictor for host distance. Tree stem density had no major influence on liana–host distance. The variance in host distance did not increase with liana diameter. Liana infestation of plant families increased with family abundance.ConclusionWe conclude that the proximity of a host is the most important of the tested factors determining climbing host selection in lianas, however we only considered stem, not crown, infestation.
Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus orientalis
Authors: Román‐Gavilanes Ariana I. , Martínez‐Montaño Emmanuel , Viana María Teresa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms.
Cloning of the Ecdysone Receptor Gene from the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, and Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Two Splice Variants
Authors: Shen Huaishun , Ma Yuanchao , Hu Yacheng , Zhou Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ecdysone receptor (EcR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in molting in crustaceans and insects. Here, we report the cloning of the full‐length cDNA of the EcR gene from Eriocheir sinensis (EsEcR). A 477 bp alternatively spliced intron was identified, with two splice variants. One, EsEcR‐L, is 2522 bp long and encodes a 577 amino acid protein. The second, EsEcR‐S, is 2045 bp long and encodes a 422 amino acid protein. Among eight different tissues, the expression of EsEcR was highest in the hepatopancreas and lowest in the heart. EsEcR was expressed during different embryonal developmental stages, and its expression reached the highest level at the original zoea stage. EsEcR‐L was specifically expressed in testis among eight examined tissues and was also the predominantly expressed form in testis, while in other tissues the predominantly expressed form was EsEcR‐S, indicating different roles of these splice variants in males and females. EsEcR‐L was also expressed in embryos. The responses of EsEcR and EsEcR‐L after eyestalk ablation (ESA) were investigated in four tissues, including hepatopancreas, muscle, testis, and ovary. The expression of EsEcR was upregulated after ESA in hepatopancreas, muscle, and ovary, while the expression of EsEcR‐L was downregulated after ESA.
Treatment of autochthonous acute hepatitis E with short‐term ribavirin: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Péron Jean Marie , Abravanel Florence , Guillaume Maeva , Gérolami René , Nana Jean , Anty Rodolphe , Pariente Alexandre , Renou Christophe , Bureau Christophe , Robic Marie‐Angèle , Alric Laurent , Vinel Jean pierre , Izopet Jacques , Kamar Nassim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 cause sporadic cases of infection in developed countries. Being elderly and having an underlying liver disease are the main risk factors for death in this population. Chronic infection has been described in immunocompromised patients. Ribavirin is now the antiviral treatment of choice in solid‐organ‐transplant recipients with chronic HEV infection. We hypothesized that early short‐term treatment of acute HEV infection may be useful for patients with risk factors or undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsBetween July 2010 and January 2014, 21 patients diagnosed with acute HEV infection were treated with ribavirin, at 600–800 mg/day for up to 3 months. All serum samples were positive for HEV RNA.ResultsNine patients were treated for severe hepatitis. Six patients were aged >70 years. Four patients were receiving an immunosuppressive therapy for an autoimmune disease and two patients were undergoing chemotherapy for a malignancy. Two patients received a fixed‐dose regimen. For all other patients, ribavirin was stopped when HEV became undetectable in the serum. The median duration of ribavirin treatment was 26 days. Two patients developed severe anaemia. Two patients with encephalopathy died. One patient relapsed transiently. All patients were cleared of HEV and regained normalized liver‐enzyme levels. Immunosuppressive treatment and chemotherapy could be resumed.ConclusionsTreatment of acute HEV infection using ribavirin seems safe and effective. Short‐term treatment tailored to viraemia may be the best regimen for this indication.