bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision‐making trends in therapeutic interventions for multiple system atrophy: a 24‐year retrospective study
Authors: Nishida Katsuya , Sakashita Kento , Futamura Naonobu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundManaging multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenging. While invasive interventions for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are well‐studied, those for MSA remain less explored.ObjectivesTo explore factors influencing treatment choices and trends in advanced‐stage MSA.MethodsA retrospective cohort study analyzed 128 MSA patients at Hyogo Chuo National Hospital, Japan, from 2000 to 2024, focusing on treatment period and age at onset.ResultsTracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) decreased after 2014 (26.9% vs. 9.2%; P = 0.023). TIV‐treated patients remained similarly young before and after 2014 (age at onset 52.7 vs. 54.5 years; P = 0.659) and tracheostomy was chosen by younger patients after 2014 (58.3 vs. 51.5 years; P < 0.001). Conversely, enteral nutrition increased in older patients (57.4 vs. 62.9 years; P = 0.011).ConclusionsIn Japanese MSA, preferences for invasive treatments shifted, with younger patients favoring TIV and tracheostomy, while older patients preferred less invasive options, emphasizing personalized care.
Coherences of Cesarean Sectioning Scars and Other Abdominal Scars and Venous Augmentation Using SIEV in Free DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Tinhofer Ines E. , Tsai Tzong‐Yun , Cheong David Chon‐Fok , Lin Tzu‐En , Kuo Wen‐Ling , Huang Jung‐Ju 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith a global trend towards cesarean deliveries and abdominal surgeries for gastrointestinal disease treatment, more and more candidates for breast reconstruction using free deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEP) flap presented with abdominal scars. The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk of scar‐related perfusion complications in DIEP flaps in patients with different abdominal scars.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in patients receiving DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction between October 2008 and April 2022. Demographics and the existing abdominal scars were collected. Acute and late complications were reviewed.Results273 breasts in 267 patients were included. Abdominal scars presented in 96 (36.0%) patients, including transverse cesarean sectioning in 69, midline scars in eight, laparoscopic scars in 23, appendectomy scars in five, abdominal total hysterectomy in one, and umbilicus scar in one patient. They did not increase the conversion rate from DIEP to ms‐TRAM flap. The flap sizes were significantly bigger in the scar (SG) than in the control group (CG) (flap length SG: 29.8 ± 3.0 cm, CG: 28.9 ± 3.0 cm, p = 0.021 and flap width SG: 11.9 ± 1.1 cm, CG: 11.6 ± 0.9 cm, p = 0.002, respectively). However, the flap used percentage was similar (SG: 72.9% ± 13.1% and CG: 75.7% ± 12.2%, respectively, p = 0.086). The SIEV could be identified bilaterally significantly more often in the CG than in the SG (SG: 80.2% and CG: 91.8%, p = 0.006). The availability of SIEV was significantly less when a transverse scar was present. The need for venous superdrainage with SIEV was not statistically different in both groups (SG: 8.3% and CG: 12.3%, p = 0.320). The overall re‐exploration rate was 6.2%. Acute re‐explorations (SG: 5.1% vs. CG: 6.9%) or late revisions for aesthetics (SG: 17.7% vs. CG: 21.8%) were equally distributed. Flap‐related complications like partial necrosis or fat necrosis showed similar rates, regardless of SIEV use for superdrainage (p = 0.287). Lastly, acute donor site complications, especially poor wound healing, occurred similarly in both groups (p = 0.234).ConclusionsPre‐existing abdominal scars do not compromise DIEP flap transfer, nor increase the incidence of late fat necrosis.
Application of De La Vallée Poussin Type Inequalities to Half‐Linear Euler Type Equations
Authors: Pátíková Zuzana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe paper is devoted to the application of de la Vallée Poussin type inequalities to half‐linear differential Euler type equations. Four studied equations seen as perturbations of the nonoscillatory Euler equation with the oscillation constant are considered, and a new theorem for the cases where the perturbation is in both terms is presented. Several different corollaries of de la Vallée Poussin type inequalities for Euler type equations, which can help in estimating the distance between consecutive zero points of their solutions, are formulated.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises Applied to Caregivers of Palliative Care Patients on Stress Coping Styles and Anxiety Levels: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Turan Gülcan Bahcecioglu , Özer Zülfinaz , Demir Cuma 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the ability to cope with stress and anxiety level in caregivers of palliative care patients.DesignThe study was conducted as a single‐blind study with pretest–posttest randomised control group.MethodThe study was conducted between May 11 and July 22, 2021. The caregivers in the experimental group were asked to perform a total of 28 sessions of progressive muscle relaxation exercise for 30 min a day for 4 weeks. No interventions were made in the control group during the study. Data were collected using the ‘Caregiver Information Form,’ ‘State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)’ and ‘Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS).’ Number and percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi‐Square Test, independent groups t‐test, dependent groups t‐test, Mann–Whitney U Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and simple linear regression analysis were used to summarise the data obtained from the study.ResultsA total of 66 caregiver patient relatives, 33 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group, were included in the study. When the posttest mean scores of caregivers in the experimental and control groups were compared, it was found that the experimental group's STAI and negative SCSS subscale mean scores decreased compared to the control group's mean scores, while the positive SCSS subscale mean scores increased, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was found that the variable of progressive muscle relaxation exercise had a negative effect on anxiety (β = −0.962), helpless approach (β = −0.535) and submissive approach (β = −0.643), while it had a positive and significant effect on seeking social support (β = 0.765), self‐confident approach (β = 0.832) and optimistic approach (β = 0.493) (p < 0.001).ConclusionIt was found that after progressive muscle relaxation exercises, the anxiety of caregivers of palliative care patients decreased, the use of positive stress coping methods increased and the use of negative stress coping techniques decreased.Patient or Public ContributionIt is not necessary.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04880941
Mechanical failure behavior on CFRP T‐joints of stitching reinforcement subjected to low‐velocity impact and post‐impact tension
Authors: Wu Ye , Shen Zhao , Zhang Shuaimin , Wang Lifu , Wan Yun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractT‐joints made from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have been applied in aircraft fuselage and wing boxes, but CFRP structures have been facing problems of low impact resistance and interlaminar delamination. To investigate the mechanical failure behavior of the T‐joints, low‐velocity impact (LVI) on the weak corner of T‐joints and post‐impact tensile testing are conducted carefully. With the help of a self‐designed mold, we fabricate 27 kinds of stitching CFRP T‐joints with three numbers of stitched sides, three needle distance, and three stitching positions relative to the corner. Especially, the number of stitched sides includes one‐side stitching, double‐side stitching, and three‐side stitching. Their impact resistance is compared comprehensively based on the impact response, damage morphology, and crack length. Further, to reveal tensile damage mechanisms, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is employed to record the strain evolution. By comparison, the most optimal enhancement effect is found in the stitching strategy of three‐sided stitching closer to the deltoid and denser needle distance. Moreover, the tensile strength of the T‐joints surpasses twice that of the unstitched ones, owing to the effective suppression of the propagation of interlaminar delamination under LVI and the enhancement of stability in their crack propagation during tension through the thread.Highlights
T‐joint enhancement focuses on stitching sides, distance, and needle distance.
Three‐side stitching around deltoid area has excellent reinforcement effect.
Stitching inhibits effectively interlaminar delamination propagation under LVI.
Stitching enhances the stability of crack propagation during tension.
Investigation of damage mechanisms in carbon fiber epoxy resin composites under laser irradiation
Authors: Li Mingzhe , Jia Xinyu , Han Yongchao , Gao Lihong , Ma Zhuang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the continuous advancement of laser technology, investigating the damage mechanisms of carbon fiber epoxy resin composites (CFRP) under laser irradiation has become increasingly significant. This study explores how varying parameters of laser irradiation, including different power densities and energy distributions within the laser spot, influence the effects on CFRP. The damage mechanisms of CFRP were analyzed through micro‐morphological examination, thermal analysis, and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the damage degree of CFRP increases with increasing incident laser densities. Furthermore, Gaussian laser spot with the same power density result in more severe thermal damage compared to Uniform laser spot. In addition, a finite element model was developed to simulate the laser irradiation process of the carbon fiber epoxy resin composites. The simulated results demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental outcomes. This study effectively addresses the knowledge gap concerning the impact of laser energy distribution within the laser spot on the damage to composite materials, offering new insights into the field. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for enhancing the safety of CFRP in laser‐intensive environments.Highlights
Analyze damage mechanisms of CFRP through CT scanning technology.
The degree of damage of CFRP increases with increasing incident laser densities.
Study influence of laser energy distribution in spot on laser irradiation effect.
Develop a finite element model to simulate the laser irradiation process.
Adapting the European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT) Guide 1.5 for Use in Post‐Authorisation Safety Studies Using US Data
Authors: Hoffman Sarah Ruth , Kalloo Geetika , Lanes Stephan , Jamal‐Allial Aziza , Sponholtz Todd , Brooks Corinne , Guzman Maria , Van Rompay Maria I. , Onasanya Oluwadamilola , Willey Vincent J. , Foster Erica , Messeh Nadia , Layton Jill , Ponist Dawn , Noan‐Lainé Maryline L. E. , Schroeder Krista 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeMany post‐authorization safety studies focus on congenital malformations and rely on diagnosis codes found in US data sources. However, no authoritative standards exist for identifying and classifying malformations in these data. To address this, we translated an existing public health surveillance guide, the European Concerted Action on Congenital Anomalies and Twins (EUROCAT), into an ICD‐10‐CM code list for use in studies using US administrative healthcare data. The EUROCAT guide was selected for its decisive major or minor classification of each code. However, translation was required for use in US data sources since EUROCAT utilizes ICD‐10‐BPA which differs from ICD‐10‐CM (the coding system commonly encountered in US data sources).MethodsWe mapped EUROCAT to ICD‐10‐CM. For each code, manual review was conducted by two or more researchers, and major/minor classification was based on code descriptions since some codes differed between coding systems.ResultsA final code list was created, containing 916 ICD‐10‐CM codes for 744 major and 172 minor malformations. The code list contains ICD‐10‐CM codes, their corresponding descriptions, their major or minor classification and disease category according to EUROCAT, and variables indicating anomalies caused by genetic or infectious diseases unlikely attributable to a medication.ConclusionsWe adapted the EUROCAT Guide 1.5 into an ICD‐10‐CM code list for use in pregnancy studies using US data sources. This list includes new ICD‐10‐CM codes available in 2024. As new ICD‐10‐CM codes become available, or as the EUROCAT Guide is updated, further updates to this list will be needed.
Innovative hybrid membrane: Pioneering metal oxide framework for improved elimination of heavy metals from industrial wastewater
Authors: Gowayed Salah M. H. , Abdel‐Salam Ahmed H. , Nassef Ehssan , Morsy Ashraf 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe growing global concern about heavy metal pollution in water systems arises from its severe impacts on living organisms, including toxicity and carcinogenic effects. Using nano‐sized materials such as metal oxides and metal–oxide frameworks (MOFs) offers potential due to their large surface area and functional groups. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes by incorporating nano‐graphene oxide (NGO) and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer to inhibit bacterial growth. The membrane fabrication process involves optimizing CA with MOFs and grafting thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) layers for self‐cleaning and improved heavy metal removal, specifically chromium (Cr) (VI), iron (Fe) (III), and lead (Pb) (II), from industrial wastewater. Characterization techniques include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle analysis, while performance evaluation incorporates inductively coupled plasma, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. This innovative approach highlights MOF integration with CA membranes for heavy metal removal. Rejection rates for Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Pb (II) from common effluent treatment plant wastewater were recorded as 88.03%, 79.47%, and 83.35% at an applied pressure of 0.500 MPa. Membranes with the highest nanoparticle content demonstrated superior inhibition compared to others. The study presents a novel method of incorporating NGO nanoparticles into CA TPU composite membranes, significantly improving mechanical and structural properties and self‐cleaning membranes, essential for industrial wastewater treatment.Highlights
Heavy metal pollution in water poses toxicity and carcinogenicity risks.
Nanomaterials enhance membranes with self‐cleaning and heavy metal removal.
Metal–oxide frameworks with CA boosts Cr, Fe, and Pb by over 79% efficiency.
Developed prototype for wastewater purification with bacterial resistance.
A Retrospective Analysis of Superficial Cervical Plexus Blockade for Children Undergoing Otologic Surgery
Authors: Miller Gregory C. , Wamkpah Nneoma S. , Weinhold Ashley B. , Leonard David S. , Lieu Judith E. C. , AuBuchon Jacob D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSuperficial cervical plexus blocks (SCPB) are well documented for anterior and lateral neck surgeries in adults. Their role in the pediatric population is less clear. Our objective was to determine whether superficial cervical plexus blockade reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing otologic surgery. This single‐center retrospective cohort study evaluated patients aged 1–18 years old undergoing cochlear implantation, tympanomastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, or myringoplasty via a postauricular incision over a 27‐month period. Patients undergoing bilateral surgery, concurrent surgery (exclusive of myringotomy or endoscopic otologic procedures), or transcanal‐only otologic procedures were excluded. The primary outcome was PONV as measured by antiemetic use or documented nausea or vomiting among patients who received a SCPB compared to patients who did not receive a block. Secondary outcomes included opioid use, length of stay in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and hospital, time to oral intake, postoperative pain scores, and adverse events. Multilinear regression analyzed the effect of independent variables on the primary outcome. Analyses were stratified by surgery type. A total of 237 patients met inclusion criteria; 121 patients (51%) received a SCPB. There was no statistically significant difference in PONV outcomes between the two groups (proportion difference 4.5%, 95% CI −7.5% to 16.5%) despite lower intraoperative opioid administration to patients in the SCPB group (intravenous morphine equivalents per kg −0.04 mg, 95% CI −0.08 to 0, p = 0.030). Addition of a SCPB did not reduce PONV for pediatric patients undergoing otologic surgery via a postauricular incision. No adverse events were attributed to the block in this study.
Model‐Based Approach for Civil Aviation Material Support System Modeling
Authors: Chen Jie , Zha Dongshan , Gao Ke , Lv Bijiang , Zhang Nan , Li Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe civil aviation material support system ensures that civil aircraft receive timely and reliable aviation material support during operation. To meet the demand for a standardized architecture design for such system and resolve issues related to the lack of synergy and integration in traditional civil aviation material support system, this study proposes a model based system modeling approach. Using the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) in conjunction with model based systems engineering (MBSE), the study constructs the activity and information interactions between the modules of the civil aviation material support system. This is achieved through a system modeling sequence that includes requirement analysis, function analysis, and function modeling. Ultimately, from a systemic perspective, the study establishes a comprehensive system model by integrating elements of the aviation material support mission. This paper provides a detailed description of the civil aviation material support system, offers guidance for the personnel responsible for aviation material support tasks, and supports the efficient operation of civil aviation material support activities.
Identity Development in Transition: A Duoethnography of Language Teachers Becoming Teacher Educators From an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Fang Fan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch on identity in teacher education and professionalism has been a significant issue for language teacher educators in terms of their trajectories and career development. Examining identity from contextual perspectives can assist teachers in establishing a professional self in order to facilitate them to better understand and negotiate their roles as both language teachers and language teacher educators. Therefore, it is worth exploring how language teacher educators position themselves through their career trajectories when facing new challenges and revealing various issues regarding disruptions to their identity development. This paper adopts an ecological perspective to investigate the interrelatedness of various environmental systems, ranging from the proximal environment (such as family) to broader societal structures (such as culture). This paper employs a duoethnographic approach to explore the authors' unique struggles and conflicts with their evolving identities as they construct and negotiate professional development within the context of higher education in China, drawing on over 15 years of working experience following the completion of their degrees in the UK. Through this self‐reflective inquiry, the authors aim to comprehend the impact of their identity (re)construction and (re)negotiation shaped by their disparate backgrounds and life experiences. This paper concludes with further insights for language teacher educators on navigating identity reconstruction.
Climate Change Cognition, Affect, and Behavior in Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tapia‐Echanove Mariel , Bloch‐Atefi Alexandra , Hanson‐Easey Scott , Oswald Tassia Kate , Eliott Jaklin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change is the greatest threat to global health, yet the burden is not distributed equally. Young people are particularly vulnerable to the physical and mental health impacts, and their increasing engagement in climate activism highlights the need to summarize the available evidence on climate change cognition, affect, and behavior in this population. We followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and included sources that addressed cognitive, affective, and behavioral concepts of climate change in youth, defined as individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Out of 978 papers initially identified, 48 sources were included, with most studies using survey methodologies and quantitative analyses. Approximately two‐thirds of reviewed studies used different cognitive concepts to explore the existence, causes, impacts of, and solutions to climate change. Findings showed that most young people think climate change is happening, is mainly caused by humans, and are aware of the impacts. However, in relation to perceived solutions and responsibility, results were heterogeneous, showing an opportunity for research and education in this area. Most young people considered climate change as a threat and/or were concerned about it, though concern and worry were exclusively studied through quantitative methods. A strong association between coping strategies and pro‐environmental behavior was observed, and interventions that were successful in changing behavior promoted engagement in environmental actions and work within communities. In conclusion, research has heavily focused on climate change cognition, leaving an important opportunity for further investigation into the affect and behavior in youth, specifically through qualitative methods.
Dynamic stall on airfoils with leading-edge tubercles
Authors: Valls Badia Pere , Hickel Stefan , Scarano Fulvio , Li Mogeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Leading-edge protuberances on airfoils have been shown to soften the onset of aerodynamic stall and to increase lift in the post-stall regime. The present study examines the effect of tubercles during dynamic stall. Pitching airfoils with tubercles of different amplitudes are studied by wind-tunnel experiments, where the three-dimensional time-resolved velocity field is determined using large-scale particle-tracking velocimetry. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out that complement the experimental observations providing pressure distribution and aerodynamic forces. The dynamic stall is dominated by a vortex formed at the leading edge; we characterize the vorticity, circulation, and advection path of this dynamic-stall vortex (DSV). The presence of the tubercles profoundly modifies the boundary layer from the leading edge. The roll-up of the vorticity sheet is significantly delayed compared to a conventional airfoil, resulting in a weaker DSV. The vortex formation is shifted downstream, with the overall effect of a weaker and shorter lift overshoot, in turn enabling a quicker transition to deep stall. Regions of flow separation (stall cells) are visibly compartmentalized with a stable spacing of two tubercles wavelengths.