bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Union Employment Suppression Effect Diminishing? Further Evidence from Canada
Authors: Walsworth Scott , Long Richard J. 
Published: December 2012

That unions suppress employment growth among their employers has been such a ubiquitous finding that it has been dubbed “the one constant” in industrial relations research (Addison and Belfield, 2004). However, all of the empirical findings on which this conclusion is based come from data collected in 1998 or earlier, and the Canadian findings (Long, 1993) date from more than twenty-five years ago. Noting this, Walsworth (2010a) utilized data from the Statistics Canada Workplace and Employee Survey (WES) covering the period 1999-2005 to investigate the more recent magnitude of the employment growth suppression effect in Canada. He found that, compared to Long’s (1993) findings, the union employment suppression effect has apparently diminished in Canada. However, we note that Walsworth’s (2010a) analysis is not comparable to that conducted by Long (1993) in several ways. For example, Walsworth (2010a) did not segment his analysis by establishment size, or by industrial sector.
Moreover, Walsworth (2010a) attempted no analysis of the reasons behind a possible diminution in the union employment growth suppression effect, an omission that we address by examining employee earnings growth and the union wage premium as possible contributing factors. We analyze WES data collected during 2001-2006 and, like Long (1993), find important differences when segmenting our analysis according to establishment size, as the union employment suppression effect was evidenced in large manufacturing establishments, but not in smaller manufacturing establishments. However, unlike Long (1993), we also find important differences between the manufacturing sector and the service sector, where we find no union employment suppression effect among larger service establishments, and a significant positive union effect on employment growth among smaller service establishments—the first finding of a positive union employment growth effect in any context. Our analysis suggests that a declining union wage premium may have played a role in these results.
Quitter, rester ou progresser ? Les profils d’intentions des agents en centre d’appels
Authors: Cossette Michel , Gosselin Alain 
Published: December 2012

La théorie de l’action raisonnée et les modèles du roulement volontaire ont toujours considéré l’intention de quitter son emploi pour un autre employeur comme le meilleur prédicteur du roulement de personnel. Cependant, dans les faits, les employés disposent de deux autres options, à savoir progresser vers un autre emploi au sein de leur entreprise (roulement interne) ou encore rester dans leur emploi actuel pour une certaine période. Dans une perspective de prévention du roulement, la recherche aurait avantage à identifier des profils d’intentions en fonction de ces trois options. La présente étude vise à vérifier si les employés présentent des profils d’intentions différents et si leur satisfaction au travail, leurs comportements de recherche d’emploi et les taux de roulement volontaire et interne diffèrent selon ces profils.
L’analyse des résultats recueillis auprès de 434 agents issus de trois centres d’appels suggère l’existence de quatre profils d’intentions à peu près équivalents en nombre : (1) rester dans l’emploi actuel (forte intention de rester dans l’emploi actuel, faible intention de progresser à l’interne et faible intention de quitter à l’externe); (2) rester en attendant de progresser (forte intention de rester dans l’emploi actuel, mais forte intention de progresser à l’interne et faible intention de quitter à l’externe); (3) priorité à la progression (faible intention de rester dans l’emploi actuel, forte intention de progresser à l’interne et faible intention de quitter à l’externe); (4) priorité à la mobilité (faible intention de rester dans l’emploi actuel, forte intention de progresser à l’interne et de quitter à l’externe).
Les résultats de l’étude montrent que ces quatre profils d’intentions présentent des niveaux de satisfaction au travail et des comportements de recherche d’emploi différents. De même, les taux de roulement volontaire du personnel et le taux de roulement interne, mesurés un an plus tard, diffèrent selon les profils d’intentions.
Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Research
Authors: Jones‐Bolin Susan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis unit provides a general overview on topics related to the practical care and use of laboratory animals in biomedical research. These topics are briefly described and provide Web sites and/or research articles that can be accessed for more detailed information. While the primary focus is on the care and use of rats and mice bred for biomedical research, many of the Web sites listed provide information on other species used for this purpose. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 59:A.4B.1‐A.4B.9. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of PCB and attached line of hardware on electromagnetic (EM) information leakage
Authors: Hayashi Yu‐Ichi , Ohmura Kouhei , Mizuki Takaaki , Sone Hideaki 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) radiation from information hardware under normal operating conditions can compromise secret information (EM, information leakage), such as operations or processed data contained in the hardware. Methods for analyzing EM radiation with the intention of extracting secret information have been proposed, and EM side‐channel attacks on cryptographic hardware are a major concern. This paper investigates how EM information leakage changes with the configuration of the information hardware, focusing on the frequency characteristics of the hardware. We assume that the frequency characteristics of the EM radiation correspond to physical aspects of the hardware configuration. To address the issue of information leakage, this paper presents a novel analysis of EM radiation from information hardware by using a model circuit board. Using this model, we show that the intensity of the EM emissions can be correlated to the layout of the hardware. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(4): 1–9, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22386
Climate change during the past 1000 years: a high‐temporal‐resolution multiproxy record from a mire in northern Finland
Authors: Finsinger Walter , Schoning Kristian , Hicks Sheila , Lücke Andreas , Goslar Tomasz , Wagner‐cremer Friederike , Hyyppä Heidi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe present a record of peatland development in relation to climate changes and human activities from the Palomaa mire, a remote site in northern Finland. We used fine‐resolution and continuous sampling to analyse several proxies including pollen (for vegetation on and around the mire), testate amoebae (TA; for mire‐wetness changes), oxygen and carbon isotopes from Sphagnum cellulose (δ18O and δ13C; for humidity and temperature changes), peat‐accumulation rates and peat‐colour changes. In spite of an excellent accumulation model (30 14C dates and estimated standard deviation of sample ages <1 year in the most recent part), the potential to determine cause–effect (or lead–lag) relationships between environmental changes and biotic responses is limited by proxy‐specific incorporation processes below the actively growing Sphagnum surface. Nevertheless, what emerges is that mire development was closely related to water‐table changes rather than to summer temperature and that water‐table decreases were associated with increasing peat‐accumulation rates and more abundant mire vegetation. A rapid fen‐to‐bog transition occurred within a few years around AD 1960 when the water table decreased beyond the historical minimum, supporting the notion that mires can rapidly shift into bogs in response to allogenic factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of chloroperoxidase from Musa paradisiaca stem juice
Authors: Yadav Pratibha , Yadav Meera , Yadav K. D. S. , Sharma J. K. , Singh V. K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChloroperoxidase from Musa paradisiaca stem juice has been purified to homogeneity using a concentration obtained by ultrafiltration and anion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band in SDS‐PAGE analysis corresponding to molecular mass of 43 kDa. The native PAGE analysis result has also given a single protein band, confirming the purity of the enzyme. The purified enzyme was chlorinated and brominated with monochlorodimedone, the substrate used for measuring the halogenating activity of chloroperoxidases. The Km and kcat values using monochlorodimedone as the substrate were 20 μM and 1.64 s−1, respectively, giving a kcat/Km value of 8.2 × 104 M−1 s−1. The pH and temperature optima of the chlorinating activity were 3.0 and 25°C, respectively. The Km values for the peroxidase activity using pyragallol and H2O2 as the variable substrates were 89 and 120 μM, respectively. The pH and temperature optima of the peroxidase activity using pyrogalllol as the substrate were the same as the pH and temperature optima of the halogenating activity. The peroxidase activity of the enzyme is competitively inhibited by sodium azide, indicating that it is a hemeperoxidase different from nonheme peroxidases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 45: 92–100, 2013
PLA/PHBV Films with Improved Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties
Authors: Boufarguine Majdi , Guinault Alain , Miquelard‐Garnier Guillaume , Sollogoub Cyrille 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBlending poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with a small amount of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV; 10 wt%) using a custom multilayer co‐extrusion process increases both ductility and gas barrier properties of extruded films compared with neat PLA and classical blending methods. The co‐extrusion process allows multiplication of the number of alternate layers of PLA and PHBV within a film. It was observed that for a critical number of theoretical layers, PHBV layers are broken into lamellas. A well‐developed lamellar morphology, with thin and long lamellas of highly crystalline PHBV in PLA matrix was obtained. A balance between aspect ratio and crystallinity of the lamellas, and their dispersion within the PLA matrix was needed to obtain films with improved permeability and mechanical properties.
The genetic and environmental etiology of decision‐making: A longitudinal twin study
Authors: Tuvblad Catherine , Gao Yu , Wang Pan , Raine Adrian , Botwick Theodore , Baker Laura A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the genetic and environmental etiology of decision‐making (Iowa Gambling Task; Bechara, Damásio, Damásio, & Anderson, 1994), in a sample of twins at ages 11–13, 14–15, and 16–18 years. The variance across five 20‐trial blocks could be explained by a latent “decision‐making’’ factor within each of the three times of IGT administration. This latent factor was modestly influenced by genetic factors, explaining 35%, 20% and 46% of the variance within each of the three times of IGT administration. The remaining variance was explained by the non‐shared environment (65%, 80% and 54%, respectively). Block‐specific non‐shared environmental influences were also observed. The stability of decision‐making was modest across development. Youth showed a trend to choose less risky decks at later ages, suggesting some improvement in task performance across development. These findings contribute to our understanding of decision‐making by highlighting the particular importance of each person's unique experiences on individual differences.
Flow of an Eyring-Powell Fluid with Convective Boundary Conditions
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal Z. , Qasim M. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe boundary layer flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid over a stretching surface subject to the convective boundary condition is investigated. Nonlinear problem is computed and a comparative study is presented with the existing results in viscous fluid. The constructed differential systems have been solved for homotopic solutions. Convergence of series solutions has been discussed. Special emphasis has been given to the effects of material parameters of fluid (ε), (δ), Biot number (γ) and Prandtl number (Pr) on the velocity and temperature profiles. Tabulated values of Nusselt number and skin friction for different emerging parameters are also illustrated. It is noted that the boundary layer thickness is an increasing function of (ε) and decreasing function of (δ). However the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness decrease when the values of (ε) and (δ) are increased.
A Study on the Flow Patterns of a Second Grade Viscoe-Lastic Fluid Past a Cavity in a Horizontal Channel
Authors: Hsu C. H. , Hu S. Y. , Kung K. Y. , Kuo C. C. , Chang C. C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper studies the behavior of second grade viscoelastic fluid past a cavity in a horizontal channel. The effects of Reynolds number, fluid elasticity and the aspect ratio of the cavity on the flow field are simulated numerically. The equations are converted into the vorticity and stream function equations. The solution is obtained by the finite difference method.The behavior of viscoelastic fluids is quite different from the Newtonian fluid, due to the effects of fluid elasticity. Only one flow pattern appears when the Newtonian fluid past the cavity. However, three kinds of flow patterns appear while the viscoelastic fluids past the cavity by increasing Reynolds number from 20 to 300. The flow field is affected by the fluid elasticity as well as the aspect ratio of the cavity. The transitional flow pattern appears at lower Reynolds number as the higher elasticity fluid past the cavity with larger aspect ratio.
Dynamic Response and Wave Propagation in Three-Dimensional Framed Structures
Authors: Pao Y.-H. , Nie G.-H. , Keh D.-C. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper extends the recently developed method of reverberation-ray matrix for planar structures to three-dimensional framed structures. The propagation of steady state axial, flexural and torsional waves, as well as the mode conversions through scattering of all three waves at connecting joints are evaluated in the frequency domain. The transient waves in all members are then determined by the Fourier synthesis. The transient responses of a two-storey framed building subject to a step time loading are calculated in detail. Numerical results are obtained for early time as well as moderately long time records. The results are shown to be accurate in arrival times of all three types of waves and in asymptotic values at times.
The dogs of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911–1914
Authors: Riffenburgh Beau 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTFifty dogs were ordered from Greenland for use on Douglas Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914). Twenty-one more were later donated to the expedition by Roald Amundsen, when he reached Hobart after his successful attainment of the South Pole. Numerous pups were born during the expedition. This note gives the details of the individual dogs during the expedition, including their names (and why they were so named), descriptions (when known), and fates.
Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with childhood emotional maltreatment
Authors: van der Werff S. J. A. , Pannekoek J. N. , Veer I. M. , van Tol M.-J. , Aleman A. , Veltman D. J. , Zitman F. G. , Rombouts S. A. R. B. , Elzinga B. M. , van der Wee N. J. A. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundChildhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) has been associated with disturbances in emotional and behavioral functioning, and with changes in regional brain morphology. However, whether CEM has any effect on the intrinsic organization of the brain is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of CEM on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using seeds in the limbic network, the default-mode network (DMN) and the salience network, and the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC).MethodUsing 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) scans were obtained. We defined seeds in the bilateral amygdala, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the left dmPFC, and used these to examine whether individuals reporting CEM (n=44) differed from individuals reporting no CEM (n=44) in RSFC with other brain regions. The two groups were matched for age, gender, handedness and the presence of psychopathology.ResultsCEM was associated with decreased RSFC between the right amygdala and the bilateral precuneus and a cluster extending from the left insula to the hippocampus and putamen. In addition, CEM was associated with decreased RSFC between the dACC and the precuneus and also frontal regions of the brain.ConclusionsWe found that CEM has a profound effect on RSFC in the limbic network and the salience network. Regions that show aberrant connectivity are related to episodic memory encoding, retrieval and self-processing operations.
Social values and the role of law: the use of legal planning tools for old age by privatised and non-privatised Kibbutz members
Authors: MILOE HAMOTAL , DORON ISRAEL 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTHistorically, the Kibbutzim in Israel were established as collective, socialist communities. However, since the 1980s, the Kibbutz movement has undergone profound social processes. One of the outcomes of these processes was the privatisation of the Kibbutz. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the socio-legal structure of the Kibbutz (i.e.non-privatisedversusprivatised) and the awareness, knowledge and usage of legal planning tools for old age. Using a quantitative research method, a closed questionnaire was designed and distributed to a non-probability convenience sample, consisting of 295 respondents, of them 137 (46%) from traditional Kibbutzim and 158 (54%) from privatised Kibbutzim. Five different legal tools were examined: private pension; private long-term care insurance; advanced health-care directive, will, and organ donation. According to findings, on average, members of privatised Kibbutzim reported higher levels of awareness, knowledge and usage regarding legal planning tools for old age. These findings support other studies that point to the relationships between societal values (collectivistversusindividualistic) and social policies regarding older persons – in general, and legal policies in the field of law and ageing – in specific. It is expected that a shift toward a more individualistic value-based society will increase the awareness and usage of individually based legal planning tools for old age.
Update on syncope in the older person – a clinical review
Authors: Mappilakkandy Riaz , Edwards Ian 
Published: December 2012

SummarySyncope is a common cause of presentation to the emergency department in the older population, who are at increased risk of syncope resulting in serious injury in the form of fractures, adverse cardiac outcomes and death, lack of confidence and mental health issues. Older patients can present diagnostic challenges due to multiple co-morbidities, polypharmacy and the problem of amnesia associated with transient loss of consciousness. The underlying cause of their syncope can be established through a structured approach, and targeted patient selection can limit inappropriate investigations in syncope assessment units and ensure appropriate treatments are instituted. A previous review article in this journal, by Nath and Kenny in 2005, examined the evidence surrounding various aspects of syncope, including prevalence, cause, risks, investigations and treatment. This review updates the evidence and guidelines on the aetiology, investigation and treatments of syncope in the older person, with emphasis on recent advances.
Input frequency and the acquisition of subject-verb agreement in number in spoken and written French
Authors: ÅGREN MALIN , VAN DE WEIJER JOOST 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the characteristics of subject-verb agreement in number in spoken and written French, two morphological systems that are very different. In particular, we investigate the impact of frequency of forms and morphological patterns in the input on the acquisition of number agreement in monolingual and bilingual French-speaking children (n = 32). Our results demonstrate an almost perfect fit between the partial and heterogeneous nature of number agreement in the spoken input and the errors found in the children's spoken narratives. However, the influence of a highly systematic written number-agreement on the children's written narratives is weak, mainly due to the lack of phonological cues of number agreement in written French.
Efficacy of olanzapine in comparison with clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Souza Juliano S , Kayo Monica , Tassell Ivson , Martins Camila Bertini , Elkis Helio 
Published: December 2012

IntroductionClozapine is considered the gold standard for the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS); however, randomized controlled trials (RCT) of olanzapine showed efficacy similar to clozapine in patients with TRS.MethodsA systematic review was conducted comparing clozapine with olanzapine in patients with TRS. Meta-analyses were performed for single outcome measures. Response to treatment was measured by the percentage of responders, or mean change or endpoint values of psychotic symptoms scales. Effect sizes were shown as relative risks (RR), or standardized mean differences, with 95% confidence intervals.FindingsSeven RCT were included, comprising 648 patients. Five meta-analyses were performed. Olanzapine and clozapine had similar effects on dropout rates (RR = 0.93, CI95%= 0.77–1.12), PANSS total endpoints (SMD = 0.21, CI95%= –0.04–0.46), and PANSS total mean changes (SMD = 0.08, CI95%= –0.01–0.027). Clozapine was superior to olanzapine for PANSS positive (SMD = 0.51, CI95%= 0.17–0.86) and negative (SMD = 0.50, CI95%= 0.16–0.85) subscales. There was a trend toward high doses of olanzapine producing higher effect sizes for this drug.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that clozapine is significantly more efficacious than olanzapine in improving positive and negative symptoms in TRS patients.