bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dropping out of school as a meaningful action for adolescents with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties
Authors: Lund Ingrid 
Published: January 2013

This study examines and discusses dropping out of school related to adolescents with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD). It is based on in‐depth interviews of 10 adolescents between the ages of 16 and 20, three girls and two boys with internalised problems, and two girls and three boys with extroverted behavioural problems. Given this group of students' challenges at school, the aim of this paper is to explore the narratives of this adolescent group as they relate to the significance they attach to their dropout behaviour. An additional objective is to draw attention to what these findings are likely to mean for implementing preventive practices in school.Results show that adolescents with SEBD perceive a non‐supportive classroom environment to be a primary explanation for why they are dropping out from school. Additionally, lack of support from teachers and parents and family problems are, according to the adolescents, an important reason for dropping out. Findings are discussed in relation to future implications for this group of adolescents in the context of school.
Xenomic networks variability and adaptation traits in wood decaying fungi
Authors: Morel Mélanie , Meux Edgar , Mathieu Yann , Thuillier Anne , Chibani Kamel , Harvengt Luc , Jacquot Jean‐Pierre , Gelhaye Eric 
Published: January 2013

SummaryFungal degradation of wood is mainly restricted to basidiomycetes, these organisms having developed complex oxidative and hydrolytic enzymatic systems. Besides these systems, wood‐decaying fungi possess intracellular networks allowing them to deal with the myriad of potential toxic compounds resulting at least in part from wood degradation but also more generally from recalcitrant organic matter degradation. The members of the detoxification pathways constitute the xenome. Generally, they belong to multigenic families such as the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and the glutathione transferases. Taking advantage of the recent release of numerous genomes of basidiomycetes, we show here that these multigenic families are extended and functionally related in wood‐decaying fungi. Furthermore, we postulate that these rapidly evolving multigenic families could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to the diversity of their substrate and provide keys to understand their ecology. This is of particular importance for white biotechnology, this xenome being a putative target for improving degradation properties of these fungi in biomass valorization purposes.
‘Normal people can have a child but disability can't’: the experiences of mothers with mild learning disabilities who have had their children removed
Authors: Gould Sheila , Dodd Karen 
Published: January 2013

Accessible summaryPeople with learning disabilities might have their children taken from their care. If they do, what then happens to the parents?I talked to nine mums who had their children taken away from their care. They told me about what this was like and how they felt.This research gives advice to people (particularly professional people) about how to work better with mums who have had their children removed. It also shows that sometimes it is difficult for people with learning disabilities to know their rights and say what they think.AbstractThere is a recognised risk of parents with learning disabilities having their children removed. Little research has investigated the impact of this on these parents. This article looks at the perceptions of nine mothers with mild learning disabilities and their experiences having had their children removed. Interview data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings reveal the struggles mothers with learning disabilities faced being ‘suitable mother’ – including presumed incompetence and scrutiny of parenting. Participants' responses to having had their children removed are looked at and support reviewed. Finally issues of power were highlighted throughout Participants' accounts and the impact of this is discussed. Clinical implications indicate areas for service improvement.
The impact of cantilevers on biological and technical success outcomes of implant‐supported fixed partial dentures. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Paul , Ivanovski Saso , Latcham Neil , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the biological and technical success outcomes of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with and without cantilevers, after a minimum of one year loading.Material and methodsOne hundred and seven subjects with 128 cantilever FDPs (cFDP) supported by 132 implants were compared with 99 individuals with 144 non‐cantilever FPDs (ncFDPs) supported by 203 implants. Outcomes such as marginal bone loss from FDP insertion to final follow‐up as well as frequency and extent of biological and technical complications were investigated and correlated with patient, site, implant and FDP design characteristics.ResultsThe cFDPs were followed for average of 51 months (1551 days, SD ± 977), and ncFPDs for 49 months (1483 days, SD ± 809 days). Implant survival and success rates were 96.7% and 87.9% for implant supporting cFDPs, and 99.5% and 92.6% for ncFDPs. There was no significant difference in overall bone loss between cFDPs and ncFDPs (cantilever side: 0.58, SD ± 1.16 – non‐cantilever side: 0.59, SD ± 0.99), but implants in the cantilever group lost significantly more bone in the posterior mandible (0.50 SD ± 1.3 mm for cFDPs and 0.24 SD ± 0.80 mm for ncFDPs). Within the cantilever group, cantilever arm length and implant location had an influence on bone loss. Regardless of the presence of cantilever, implants associated with technical complications had a higher rate of biological complications as well. Furthermore, the length of the cantilever arm was positively correlated with implant failure, technical complications and bone loss ≥1.5 mm (P = 0.011, <0.001, and 0.007).ConclusionOverall implants can be successfully used to support cantilever FDPs. However, there are technical and biological implications which appear inter‐related.
Long‐term prognostic value of inducible and resting perfusion defects detected by single‐photon emission computed tomography in the era of wide availability of coronary revascularization
Authors: Filipiak‐Strzecka Dominika , Kowalczyk Ewelina , Hamala Piotr , Kot Nina , Kasprzak Jarosław D. , Kuśmierek Jacek , Płachcińska Anna , Lipiec Piotr 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPurposeTo assess the long‐term prognostic value of various types of perfusion defects detected by single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with stable angina.MethodsSeven hundred and thirty two patients (299 men, mean age 57 ± 9 years) with suspected or known stable coronary artery disease underwent rest/exercise SPECT protocol using 99mTc‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI). All patients completed clinical follow‐up regarding cardiac events (cardiac death, sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, cardiac hospitalization) for a mean period of 58 ± 8 months. Event rates were analysed in subgroups defined according to the presence of fixed or inducible myocardial perfusion defects.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 15 cardiac deaths were recorded, 13 of which were qualified as a sudden cardiac death, 59 acute coronary syndromes, 65 revascularizations and 209 cardiac hospitalizations. The presence of inducible perfusion defects on SPECT was associated with a high risk for occurrence of all analysed end points: sudden cardiac death (HR = 3·96, P = 0·01), cardiac hospitalization (HR = 1·5, P = 0·004), coronary syndrome (HR = 2·33, P = 0·001) and coronary revascularization (HR = 2·76, P = 0·0002), except for the cardiac death (P = 0·27). Resting perfusion defects were highly predictive for cardiac death (HR = 7·45; P = 0·001), but not for other cardiac events (P = NS). The presence of any (inducible or resting) perfusion defects was associated with a high risk of all cardiovascular complications.ConclusionsIn long‐term follow‐up, SPECT proved highly predictive of cardiac events in patients with suspected or known CAD. In the revascularization era, cardiac death is most accurately related to the presence of resting perfusion defects, but all other cardiac events were better predicted by inducible perfusion defects.
Reliability of endogenous markers for estimation of residual renal function in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Kjaergaard Krista D. , Rehling Michael , Jensen Jens D. , Jespersen Bente 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundResidual renal function in haemodialysis patients is of increasing interest. However, reproducibility and agreement between methods to measure and estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) require further elucidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of GFR estimates based on endogenous markers in haemodialysis patients.MethodsTwelve patients were examined twice. GFR was estimated by (i) urine clearances of creatinine, urea and the average of creatinine and urea clearance [U‐Cl(crea‐urea)]; (ii) an equation based on serum concentration of cystatin C [eGFR(CysC)]. These were compared to 51Cr‐EDTA clearance in plasma [P‐Cl(EDTA)] and urine [U‐Cl(EDTA)].ResultsU‐Cl(crea‐urea) produced results similar to U‐Cl(EDTA). eGFR(CysC) had a low week‐to‐week variability. Visually, eGFR(CysC) differed from y = x when compared to the other methods indicating bias, probably due to extrarenal elimination of cystatin C. Coefficients of variation were significantly different, P<0·001: P‐Cl(EDTA), 10%; U‐Cl(EDTA), 13%; and U‐Cl(crea‐urea), 13%. P‐Cl(EDTA) was 2·1 ml min−1 1·73 m−2 higher than U‐Cl(EDTA) (mean).ConclusionsGlomerular filtration rate in haemodialysis patients can be estimated from U‐Cl(crea‐urea) when complete urine collection is performed. The available eGFR(CysC) in haemodialysis patients seemed to be biased, and further development and validation is desirable. P‐Cl(EDTA) was the most reproducible method and might be useful in special situations.
AFLP analyses of California and Mediterranean populations of Seiridium cardinale provide insights on its origin, biology and spread pathways
Authors: Della Rocca G. , Osmundson T. , Danti R. , Doulis A. , Pecchioli A. , Donnarumma F. , Casalone E. , Garbelotto M. 
Published: January 2013

SummarySeiridium cardinale is regarded as the most important agent responsible for the disease of cupressaceous hosts referred to as Cypress canker. The fungus was first described in California and is currently reported in all continents. A recent study based on seven SSR loci has suggested that California populations may represent the source of the epidemic in the Mediterranean. In this study, 185 AFLP markers were used on an expanded sample size of 125 isolates to determine whether the Mediterranean population may indeed be derived from the California one and to compare the reproductive modes of populations in the two regions of the world. Additionally, amova, NJ, STRUCTURE, principal component analysis and β‐tubulin sequence analyses were employed to infer the presence of genetic structure within and between populations. The distribution of pairwise AFLP similarity coefficients suggests Mediterranean populations are reproducing only clonally, while California populations are reproducing both clonally and sexually. amova indicates Mediterranean and California populations are currently genetically isolated, but NJ and STRUCTURE analyses both suggest ancestral Mediterranean genotypes belong to the California population. No alleles were private to either population, and the presence of identical or quasi‐identical genotypes at large distances supports the notion that movement of infected cypress plants is responsible for the global spread of the disease. Surprisingly, STRUCTURE identified a second cluster of Mediterranean genotypes distinct from the basal mixed California–Mediterranean cluster. This second cluster either may have originated from the first one under the selection pressure imposed on the pathogen in the new Mediterranean environments or may be the result of a further introduction from California or elsewhere. Cumulatively, the evidence presented here suggests that S. cardinale may be native or long naturalized in California and that two genetically distinct groups are present in the Mediterranean, with obvious implications for further studies on this disease.
Increased expression of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors in psoriasis plaques
Authors: Faurschou Annesofie , Pedersen Jens , Gyldenløve Mette , Poulsen Steen S. , Holst Jens J. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Vilsbøll Tina , Skov Lone , Knop Filip K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent case reports suggest that treatment with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists results in clinical improvement of psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether GLP‐1 receptors (GLP‐1Rs) are found in the skin of healthy volunteers and psoriasis patients and if so, whether GLP‐1Rs are located on keratinocytes or immune cells.Three mm‐punch skin biopsies were taken for gene expression analysis from six healthy volunteers and from affected and unaffected skin of six psoriasis patients. In addition, a blood sample was obtained from all participants. Cultured human keratinocytes were either untreated or incubated with tumor necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐α), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) or a combination of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ for 48 h. Total RNA was extracted from all the samples, reversely transcribed and analysed for the expression of GLP‐1R using real‐time PCR.Gene expression analysis showed expression of GLP‐1Rs in five of six skin biopsies from psoriasis plaques, in one of six biopsies from unaffected psoriatic skin and in one of six biopsies from healthy skin. GLP‐1R expression was found in the blood of both healthy volunteers and psoriasis patients. No GLP‐1R expression was found in either stimulated or unstimulated cultured human keratinocytes.Our results show increased presence of GLP‐1Rs in psoriasis plaques and that this most likely is due to infiltration with immune cells. This offers a possible explanation for the positive effect of treatment with GLP‐1R agonists in patients with psoriasis.
The role of endocannabinoids in pain modulation
Authors: Zogopoulos Panagiotis , Vasileiou Ioanna , Patsouris Efstratios , Theocharis Stamatios E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ES) is comprised of cannabinoid (CB) receptors, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), and proteins responsible for their metabolism. Endocannabinoids serve as retrograde signaling messengers in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses, as well as modulators of postsynaptic transmission, that interact with other neurotransmitters. Physiological stimuli and pathological conditions lead to differential increases in brain endocannabinoids that regulate distinct biological functions. Furthermore, endocannabinoids modulate neuronal, glial, and endothelial cell function and exert neuromodulatory, anti‐excitotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, and vasodilatory effects. Analgesia is one of the principal therapeutic targets of cannabinoids. Cannabinoid analgesia is based on the suppression of spinal and thalamic nociceptive neurons, but peripheral sites of action have also been identified. The chronic pain that occasionally follows peripheral nerve injury differs fundamentally from inflammatory pain and is an area of considerable unmet therapeutic need. Over the last years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of the ES in the modulation of pain. Endocannabinoids have been shown to behave as analgesics in models of both acute nociception and clinical pain such as inflammation and painful neuropathy. The framework for such analgesic effects exists in the CB receptors, which are found in areas of the nervous system important for pain processing and in immune cells that regulate the neuro‐immune interactions that mediate the inflammatory hyperalgesia. The purpose of this review is to present the available research and clinical data, up to date, regarding the ES and its role in pain modulation, as well as its possible therapeutic perspectives.
I Feel Your Pain: The Moderating Effect of Care Recipient Health on the Relationship between Work Hours and Care Recipient and Caregiver Psychological Outcomes
Authors: Kulik Carol T. , Cregan Christina , Bainbridge Hugh T. J. 
Published: January 2013

Public policy based on a pro‐work philosophy has encouraged the employment of people with disabilities. Using a national sample of 170 care recipient–caregiver cohabiting dyads, we investigated a model linking the care recipient's weekly work hours (0–45) to the psychological outcomes experienced by the care recipient and his or her caregiver. For care recipients in poor health, longer work hours were associated with a lower sense of accomplishment. Further, the negative psychological outcomes experienced by the care recipient were associated with greater caregiver stress. These results suggest that public policy concerning the employment of people with disabilities should be evaluated within the context of the caregiving relationship. Efforts to engage people with disabilities in employment should be accompanied by strategies to remove workplace stressors that negatively impact care recipients in poor health.
Relationships between longevity, lifetime productivity, carcass traits and conformation in Polish maternal pig breeds
Authors: Sobczyńska M. , Blicharski T. , Tyra M. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to obtain heritability estimates for longevity (length of life, length of productive life, number of litters) and lifetime productivity traits (lifetime pig production, lifetime pig efficiency, lifetime litter efficiency) and genetic correlation between them and litter size at first farrowing, growth (ADG), backfat thickness (BF), loin depth, lean meat percentage (LMP), phenotypic selection index (PSI), and exterior in 19423 Polish Landrace (L) and 16049 Polish Large White (LW) sows. Heritabilities for longevity and lifetime productivity traits were 0.10–0.13 for L sows and 0.09–0.11 for LW sows depending on the trait definition. The genetic correlations among these traits were all high and positive, ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. Antagonistic genetic correlations (−0.21 to −0.26) were found between longevity traits and PSI and LMP in LW sows, while in L sows the respective parameters were lower and not significant for length of productive life. The number of live‐born piglets in the first litter was positively correlated with lifetime pig production and lifetime pig efficiency in both breeds. The genetic correlations of longevity and lifetime pig production with ADG, BF, loin depth and exterior were small, and in most cases, not significant.
Circannual Variation in Thyroid Hormone Deiodinases in a Short‐Day Breeder
Authors: Sáenz de Miera C. , Hanon E. A. , Dardente H. , Birnie M. , Simonneaux V. , Lincoln G. A. , Hazlerigg D. G. 
Published: January 2013

At temperate latitudes, many mammals and birds show internally timed, long‐term changes in seasonal physiology, synchronised to the seasons by changing day length (photoperiod). Photoperiodic control of thyroid hormone levels in the hypothalamus dictates the timing. This is effected through reciprocal regulation of thyroid hormone deiodinase gene expression. The local synthesis of type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) promotes triiodothyronine (T3) production and summer biology, whereas type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) promotes T3 degradation and winter biology. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which the hypothalamic expression of Dio2 and Dio3 is circannually regulated in the Soay sheep, a short‐day breeding mammal. Male sheep were exposed to a long photoperiod (LP; 16 : 24 h light/dark cycle) or a short photoperiod (SP; 8 : 24 h light/dark cycle), for up to 28 weeks to establish four different endocrine states: (i) LP animals in a spring/summer‐like state of reproductive arrest; (ii) LP refractory (LPR) animals showing spontaneous reproductive reactivation; (iii) SP animals showing autumn/winter‐like reproductive activation; and (iv) SP refractory (SPR) animals showing spontaneous reproductive arrest. A complex pattern of hypothalamic Dio2 and Dio3 expression was observed, revealing distinctive photoperiod‐driven and internally timed effects for both genes. The patterns of expression differed both spatially and temporally, with phases of peak Dio2 expression in the median eminence and tuberoinfundibular sulcus, as well as in the paraventricular zone (PVZ) (maximal under LP), whereas Dio3 expression was always confined to the PVZ (maximal under SP). These effects likely reflect the distinct roles of these enzymes in the localised control of hypothalamic T3 levels. The spontaneous decline in Dio2 and spontaneous increase in Dio3 in LPR animals occurred with a corresponding decline in thyroid‐stimulating hormone β expression in the neighbouring pars tuberalis (PT), although this relationship did not hold for the corresponding Dio2 increase/Dio3 decrease seen in SPR animals. We conclude that internally timed and spatially regulated changes in Dio2 and Dio3 expression may drive the cycling between breeding and nonbreeding states in long‐lived seasonal species, and may be either PT‐dependent or PT‐independent at different phases of the circannual cycle.
Trajectories and predictors of functional decline of hospitalised older patients
Authors: Huang Hui‐Tzu , Chang Chia‐Ming , Liu Li‐Fan , Lin Huey‐Shyan , Chen Ching‐Huey 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo delineate the trajectories of functional status over four time points and to examine predictors of functional decline (FD) in hospitalised older patients.BackgroundAbout 30–60% of the older patients develop new dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) during a hospital stay, which results in progressive disability after discharge. The functional trajectories and risk factors of FD among hospitalised older patients require identification.DesignA cohort study.MethodsThe study consecutively recruited 273 patients aged 65 and older admitted to a medical centre in southern Taiwan. Functional trajectory, by ADL score, was observed at four time points: two weeks before admission, admission, discharge and three months after discharge. The ADL score two weeks before admission was used as a baseline functional status.ResultsEighty‐three (30·4%) patients experienced FD at three months after discharge. Functional trajectory as shown by ADL scores indicated that all 273 patients dropped steeply at admission and that two‐thirds were gradually restored three months after discharge. Logistic regression revealed that the number of falls in the past year, Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) status before admission, comorbidity and ADL decline between preadmission and discharge were significant predictors of FD three months after discharge. The ADL score decline during hospitalisation was the mediator of FD three months after discharge.ConclusionsFindings indicate that the ADL function of those hospitalised older patients who reported having fallen more often in the previous year had more comorbidity, had a lower IADL score, and had more ADL score decline before admission and discharge would continue to decline after discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical nurses can integrate the finding of this study with Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to tailor intervention to restore older patient's physical function during hospitalisation.