bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical exercise on Akkermansia muciniphila: a systematic review of human and animal studies
Authors: Aguiar S.S. , Ribeiro F.M. , Sousa Neto I.V. , Franco O.L. , Petriz B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This systematic review aimed to compile various research designs, including experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and case studies in humans and experimental studies in rodents, to examine changes in Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in response to exercise. This comprehensive approach can improve our understanding of A. muciniphila response to physical exercise and highlight gaps in the literature, providing valuable insights for future microbiome research. Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Sports Discuss) were searched in the literature. Quality assessment was conducted independently and in duplicate using two risk-of-bias tools (Downs and Black for human studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias for animal studies). 3,901 studies were identified, with thirteen human studies and nine animal studies included after screening. Of the thirteen human studies analysed, five (38.5%) were cross-sectional, seven (53.8%) were longitudinal/experimental, and one (7.7%) was a case study. These studies included 522 participants, among whom 157 were athletes, such as rugby players, marathon runners, triathletes, and skiers. Six studies reported an increase in A. muciniphila, five showed a decrease, and two found no significant differences. Regarding interventions, two studies used a combination of moderate-intensity strength and aerobic training, while seven used low to moderate-intensity aerobic exercises. In the nine rodent studies, eight (88.9%) were conducted on mice and one (11.1%) on rats, with all being experimental. These studies involved 310 animals. Eight studies reported a substantial increase in A. muciniphila, while one found no differences. Among these, eight employed moderate-intensity aerobic exercises as the intervention, and one utilised low-to-moderate-intensity strength training. The studies summarised in this review indicate that the impact of various physical exercise protocols on A. muciniphila abundance in humans remains controversial. However, rodent studies provide strong evidence that aerobic exercise increases A. muciniphila abundance in faecal pellets of both healthy and diseased models.
Restrictive Approach to Data Protection in the gcc: Is the EU gdpr a Potential Inspiration?
Authors: Haidar Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The implementation of data protection laws in Gulf Cooperation Countries (gcc) has been a phased and incremental development. Qatar took the lead by enacting such legislation in 2016, paving the way for subsequent adoption in Bahrain in 2018 and Kuwait in 2021. The economic growth and increased use of digital technology in major gcc states like Saudi Arabia and Qatar have played a role in necessitating the development of data protection laws. The awareness of cyberattack risks has further emphasized the importance of having a legal framework to protect data, especially as multinational companies and startups operate in these regions. The fact that the adoption of data protection laws is relatively recent in gcc countries highlights the evolving nature of data privacy regulations in the region. It’s noteworthy that the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (gdpr) is seen as a reference point and could potentially influence the development of data protection laws in the gcc. Understanding the gdpr is crucial for gcc countries, not only to align with global data protection standards but also to potentially contribute to the creation of a unified regional data protection framework.
Captivated by the Normate and Summoned by the Holy Many: A Conversion Story
Authors: Spurrier Rebecca F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While many scholars insist that liturgical theology emerges from the vital plurality of a diversity of people who worship God together, much writing about Christian worship is animated by the “normate,” an elusive universal human that does not actually exist but for whom Christian liturgical ideals are conjured. In this article, I describe temptation by this figure that I experience in my own teaching and writing, a seduction that occurs even within a profound conversion to the vital importance of human difference in worship. I then suggest reflexive ethnographic fieldwork as a way of summoning “the holy many,” disclosing and turning from the normate, and practicing anti-ableism in both worship and liturgical writing. I offer ethnographic teaching and writing as a resource for shaping a pluralistic and liberatory imagination in liturgical studies and argue that recursive practices of seeking out the presence of the many in fieldwork, in writing, and in teaching ethnographic methods are necessary for disclosing the normate and for continuous conversion to the many.
Whipping-Tops in Ancient Mesopotamia
Authors: Gilibert Alessandra , Zaccagnini Carlo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This contribution discusses the Mesopotamian (ešemen2 =) keppû-game, often connected to the violent behaviour of the goddess Inanna / Ištar, and other (male) characters of Mesopotamian mythology, such as Enmerkar and Gilgamesh. Through a close review of all relevant attestations, we show that the (still) prevailing translation “skipping rope” as well as a recently proposed alternative “toy rope” are untenable and that the only acceptable meaning of the word is “whipping-top”. This equivalence has been tentatively advanced in the past but the lack of a systematic lexical assessment has so far hindered general acceptance.
Gemstones as “Pure” Symbols: Archaeological Insights from the Buddhist Site of Tapa Sardar
Authors: Forgione Giulia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
New systematic studies of the clay monuments found by the Italian Archaeological Mission in Afghanistan (hereafter IAMA) in the 1960s and 1970s at the Buddhist archaeological site of Tapa Sardar, in the Ghazni area, are providing a deeper understanding of both the general context and the details of the decorations. This paper focuses on the row of thrones alternating with small stūpas that were discovered in the pradakṣiṇāpatha around the Main Stūpa and assigned to the Late Period of the site (end of the 7th–8th/9th century CE).
Although still far from the goal of comprehensively explaining the complex iconographic program of these monuments, we started itemizing significant details that, in spite of their apparently marginal character, are likely to have had a strong impact on the monuments’ physical and symbolic definition. The rich array of their surface decoration, which combines a great variety of moulded motifs, was meant to convey the notion of preciousness. While the majority of those motifs may represent the portrayal of real jewellery, some stand apart for their unusual shapes, which depict gems in their natural state and may arguably be considered as having special emblematic meaning, such as the perfect, powerful, “pure” symbols of an unconditioned reality.
Leafhoppers of the genus Kybos Fieber, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini) in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: TISHECHKIN DMITRI YU. 
Published: August 2024

Illustrated descriptions of six Kybos species found in Kyrgyzstan are provided, with data on biology and distribution. Oscillograms of the male vibrational calling signals are presented for four species. The synonymies K. oshanini oshanini Zachvatkin, 1953 = K. oshanini mesasiaticus Zachvatkin, 1953, syn. n. = K. mesasiaticus iliensis Mitjaev, 1971, syn. n. = Empoasca (Kybos) iliensis (Mitjaev, 1971), syn. n. are established, and data on identification and variability of K. oshanini are provided. Four of the six Kybos species are native to Kyrgyzstan, two more species were found only in a few localities in the north of the country and were apparently introduced; all native species are endemic to Central Asia.
Superinertial Internal Tides Propagating along the Coast: Dynamics and Energetics Revealed through Topographic Modes
Authors: Tanaka Yuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Internal tides are an important energy source for diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior. Subinertial internal tides are known to have a cross-sectional structure that is baroclinic in deep areas but more barotropic in shallower areas, making the conventional barotropic–baroclinic decomposition ineffective to separate internal tides from surface tides. To address this issue, Tanaka introduced a “topographic mode” which represents internal motions with a barotropic vertical structure and proposed a new energy diagram enabling us to quantify the generation of subinertial internal tides. Here, the applicability of this new energy diagram to superinertial internal tides at various latitudes is investigated by idealized numerical experiments with uniform surface tides passing over a continental slope with a bump in the coastline. The calculated results show that both the topographic and baroclinic modes are generated over the bump and propagate downstream along the coast, inseparably forming a topographically modified internal Kelvin wave whose cross-sectional structure closely resembles that obtained by solving a two-dimensional eigenvalue problem for a superinertial frequency. The energy conversion rate from the surface mode to the topographic mode is about half of the energy conversion rate from the surface mode to the baroclinic mode when the tidal frequency is slightly superinertial and maintains a nonnegligible contribution even when the tidal frequency is substantially superinertial. The findings of this study indicate that the new energy diagram can be applied seamlessly across the critical latitudes and possibly provides a global distribution of the internal tide generation significantly larger than the previous estimates.

Significance Statement
Quantifying the generation of internal tides is essential for accurate climate modeling, since they are a major energy source of vertical mixing in the ocean. It is known that diurnal internal tides change their characteristics poleward of 30° latitude, where their motion is dominated by horizontal rotation rather than vertical oscillation. This study demonstrates that a recently proposed energy diagram for quantifying the generation of diurnal internal tides poleward of 30° latitude is also effective equatorward of 30° latitude. This is because the rotational motion remains significant even equatorward of 30° latitude, being a fundamental component of the internal tides over a sloping seafloor. The application of this energy diagram will improve the global estimate of internal tide generation.
Efficacy of solution-focused interventions with caregivers of persons living with different conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Kumar Amit , Raman Kalyanasundaram Janaki , John John P , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: In this review, we aim to determine the efficacy of Solution-Focused Interventions (SFI) among caregivers of persons living with different conditions. Method: Articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022 were used. Databases used included EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, ERIC, and Google Scholar. We used Zotero to remove the duplicate studies. Further, we used the Risk of Bias for RCTs and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental and non-randomized experimental studies. Results: Total number of studies from five databases was 2,693. After evaluating the eligibility and duplication removal, 10 relevant articles were found suitable for this review, including 3 RCTs, 3 single group pre-post, 2 quasi-experimental, and 1 each from case study, and multiple baseline designs. Stress, quality of life, and coping variables were studied. Studies compared with alternative treatments: Though 9 out of 10 studies were superior to alternative treatment, and none were equivalent to solution-focused intervention. SFI has shown efficacy on all the variables selected in the study. In these studies, the efficacy is compared with the alternative treatment, and SFI has demonstrated better outcomes than the alternative treatments. Conclusion: Based on the studies reviewed, robust evidence supports SFI as a treatment approach for caregivers. SFI can also benefit caregivers in shorter sessions, making it more affordable than other treatments.
Awareness Regarding Clear Aligner Disposal Among Orthodontists and General Dentists: A Cross-sectional Survey-based Study
Authors: Raj Derine Rosalia , Sowmya Jangam , Verma Shubhnita , Raj G. Pradeep , Chitra Prasad 
Published: August 2024

Aim and Objective: To assess the awareness of clear aligner disposal among orthodontists and general dentists. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional electronic survey (e-survey) was developed based on the use of Google Forms. The survey link was randomly disseminated across social media platforms consisting of orthodontists and general dentists. The responses were subsequently tabulated and analyzed using statistical analysis with the help of Statistical Product and Services Solution software version 23.0. The survey comprised questions consisting of demographics, frequency of usage of clear aligners, and awareness on disposal of clear aligners. Results: The survey gathered responses from 760 participants, including 374 orthodontists and 384 general dentists from the 1,000 dentists and orthodontists who were surveyed, revealing trends in clear aligner usage, disposal practices, and awareness. Orthodontists showed higher frequency and safer disposal practices. A knowledge gap exists among dental practitioners regarding biodegradation characteristics and disposal regulations. Both groups express a shared interest in environmentally responsible practices, emphasizing the necessity for education and comprehensive guidelines from aligner companies to mitigate environmental impact. Conclusion: Clear aligners are popular in orthodontic treatment which contributes to environmental concerns due to improper disposal. The study explored clear aligner disposal practices among general dentists and orthodontists. The study underscores the need for increased awareness among orthodontists and general dentists, emphasizing proper clear aligner disposal methods and the importance of comprehensive instructions from aligner companies.
Outcomes and Practices of Endotracheal Intubation Using the Glasgow Coma Scale in Acute Non-Traumatic Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proportions
Authors: Nanah Abdelrahman , Abdeljaleel Fatima , Matsubara Júlio Ken , Garcia Marcos Vinicius Fernandes 
Published: August 2024

Background Acute poisoning often results in decreased consciousness, necessitating airway assessment and management. Existing literature in the trauma setting suggests the importance of airway protection in unconscious patients to prevent complications, including aspiration. Practices for endotracheal intubation in non-traumatic acute poisoning are poorly described and variable, particularly regarding the use of a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8 threshold for intubation. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to evaluate intubation rates and outcomes in patients presenting for acute non-traumatic poisoning. Studies were excluded if the primary indication for intubation was not airway protection. We analyzed rates of intubation, mortality, and aspiration by subgrouping patients into GCS ≤ 8, GCS 9–15, or mixed GCS. Common and random-effects analysis were used, supplemented by subgroup analyses. Results 39 studies were included in the analysis, involving 15,959 patients. Random-effects pooled intubation rates varied significantly across GCS categories: GCS ≤ 8 (30.0%, I2 = 92%, p < 0.01), GCS 9–15 (1.0%, I2 = 0%, p = 0.91), and mixed GCS (11.0%, I2 = 94%, p < 0.01), p-value <0.01 for subgroup difference. Aspiration rates also varied: GCS ≤ 8 (19.0%, I2 = 84%, p < 0.01), GCS 9–15 (4.0%, I2 = 78%, p < 0.01), and mixed group (5.0%, I2 = 72%, p < 0.01), p-value <0.01 for subgroup difference. Mortality rates remained low across all groups: GCS ≤ 8 (1.0%, I2 = 0%, p = 0.62), GCS 9–15 (1.0%, I2 = 0%, p = 0.99), and mixed group (2.0%, I2 = 68%, p < 0.01). Conclusion The conventional “less than 8, intubate” approach may not be directly applicable to acute poisoning patients due to heterogeneity in patient presentation, intubation practices, and low mortality. Therefore, a nuanced approach is warranted to optimize airway management strategies tailored to individual patient needs.
Temporal Effect of CYP3A4/5 Induction on Ticagrelor’s Pharmacodynamic Effects: A Case Series
Authors: Szymanski Thomas W. , Rockhold Matthew R. , Lacoste Jordan L. 
Published: August 2024

Ticagrelor is contraindicated in combination with cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 enzyme (CYP3A4/5) inducers due to increased clearance, causing diminished antiplatelet effects. The emergent nature of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may preclude scrutinization of home medications before P2Y12 inhibitor administration. The purpose of this case series is to establish the temporal impact of CYP3A4/5 enzyme induction on ticagrelor’s pharmacodynamic effect by utilizing VerifyNow platelet aggregation studies. This was a retrospective case series of three patients who were taking a CYP3A4/5-inducing medication and loaded with ticagrelor for ACS. The duration of ticagrelor’s antiplatelet effect was dramatically shortened in the presence of background CYP3A4/5 induction. The offset of antiplatelet effect, defined by platelet reactivity units (PRU), was 10-24 hours in the presence of CYP3A4/5 enzyme induction compared to the anticipated 36-48 hours. This was consistent across CYP3A4/5-inducing medications including carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. This study demonstrates rapid return of platelet function after a ticagrelor loading dose in the presence of CYP3A4/5-inducing medications. Monitoring of PRU every 6-12 hours with subsequent loading with clopidogrel or prasugrel should be considered. Larger scale studies are warranted to confirm these results.
Balanced Fluids Versus Normal Saline for Initial Fluid Resuscitation in Adults With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Carter Justin W. , Whaley Patrick M. , Gutierrez G. Christina , Fowler Amanda L. , Attridge Rebecca L. , Hughes Darrel W. , Hargrove Kristi L. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Normal saline (NS) has been the choice fluid for volume resuscitation in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) for decades. Large volume resuscitation with NS can lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and is associated with a higher incidence of major adverse kidney events compared to balanced fluids (BF). Objective: Compare safety and effectiveness of fluid resuscitation with BF vs NS in adult patients with DKA. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study evaluated patients who received NS or BF for DKA treatment between July 2020 and August 2021. Primary endpoint was time to DKA resolution. Secondary endpoints included time to anion gap ≤12, HCO3 ≥15 and ≥18 mmol/L, acute kidney injury, and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. Results: 110 patients were included (NS 55% (n = 60), BF 45% (n = 50)). Time to DKA resolution was faster in patients who received BF vs NS (13 (10 – 19) hours vs 17 (11 – 25) hours, P = 0.02). Treatment with NS was associated with a longer time to resolution of DKA when adjusted for initial bicarbonate and AKI at admission. Conclusion: BF was associated with a shorter time to DKA resolution compared to NS.
Astilbin Inhibits the Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells (AGS) by Targeting the Key Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Zhang Guoshan , Zhuang Xiaoyuan , Lin Shen , Wang Yatian 
Published: August 2024

Background The predisposition toward gastrointestinal disease is increasing as a result of dietary changes and overindulgence in food preparation. Ninety percent of stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas, a type of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract that is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Purpose Astilbin, a natural dihydroflavonol substance derived from a range of foods and medicinal herbs, has been shown in the current study to have anticancer potential against gastric cancer in AGS cell lines. Materials and Methods The half maximal inhibitory concentration value was determined after astilbin was given to AGS cell lines at various doses. To verify apoptosis, the astilbin-treated cell line was subsequently stained with the dual dye acridine orange/ethidium bromide. AGS cell lines, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach was also used to investigate the inflammatory cytokines. Using ELISA, apoptotic marker expression including Bcl-2-associated X-protein, caspase-9 proteins, and B-cell lymphoma 2 was assessed in gastric cancer cells treated with astilbin. Results The study’s findings reveal that astilbin is a prime candidate for gastric cancer therapy since it causes apoptosis in AGS cells and has a stronger effect on the major inflammatory markers of the disease. Conclusion The study provides comprehensive methodologies and tools for predicting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties, facilitating informed decision-making in the development and optimization of astilbin as a gastric cancer therapy.
Using Artificial Intelligence for Assessment of Velopharyngeal Competence in Children Born With Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip
Authors: Cornefjord Måns , Bluhme Joel , Jakobsson Andreas , Klintö Kristina , Lohmander Anette , Mamedov Tofig , Stiernman Mia , Svensson Rebecca , Becker Magnus 
Published: August 2024

Objective Development of an AI tool to assess velopharyngeal competence (VPC) in children with cleft palate, with/without cleft lip. Design Innovation of an AI tool using retrospective audio recordings and assessments of VPC. Setting Two datasets were used. The first, named the SR dataset, included data from follow-up visits to Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. The second, named the SC + IC dataset, was a combined dataset (SC + IC dataset) with data from the Scandcleft randomized trials across five countries and an intercenter study performed at six Swedish CL/P centers. Participants SR dataset included 153 recordings from 162 children, and SC + IC dataset included 308 recordings from 399 children. All recordings were from ages 5 or 10, with corresponding VPC assessments. Interventions Development of two networks, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a pre-trained CNN (VGGish). After initial testing using the SR dataset, the networks were re-tested using the SC + IC dataset and modified to improve performance. Main Outcome Measures Accuracy of the networks' VPC scores, with speech and language pathologistś scores seen as the true values. A three-point scale was used for VPC assessments. Results VGGish outperformed CNN, achieving 57.1% accuracy compared to 39.8%. Minor adjustments in data pre-processing and network characteristics improved accuracies. Conclusions Network accuracies were too low for the networks to be useful alternatives for VPC assessment in clinical practice. Suggestions for future research with regards to study design and dataset optimization were discussed.