bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Time Series Based Sequence Prediction Algorithm to Detect Activities of Daily Living in Smart Home
Authors: Reaz M. B. I. , Ali M. A. M. , Rahman L. F. , Marufuzzaman M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectives: The goal of smart homes is to create an intelligent environment adapting the inhabitants need and assisting the person who needs special care and safety in their daily life. This can be reached by collecting the ADL (activities of daily living) data and further analysis within existing computing elements. In this research, a very recent algorithm named sequence prediction via enhanced episode discovery (SPEED) is modified and in order to improve accuracy time component is included.Methods: The modified SPEED or M-SPEED is a sequence prediction algorithm, which modified the previous SPEED algorithm by using time duration of appliance’s ON-OFF states to decide the next state. M-SPEED discovered periodic episodes of inhabitant behavior, trained it with learned episodes, and made decisions based on the obtained knowledge.Results: The results showed that M-SPEED achieves 96.8% prediction accuracy, which is better than other time prediction algorithms like PUBS, ALZ with temporal rules and the previous SPEED.Conclusions: Since human behavior shows natural temporal patterns, duration times can be used to predict future events more accurately. This inhabitant activity prediction system will certainly improve the smart homes by ensuring safety and better care for elderly and handicapped people.
Accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in two Acacia (Leguminosae; Mimosoideae) species grown in different substrates proposed for mine‐site rehabilitation
Authors: He Honghua , Kirilak Yaowanuj , Kuo John , Lambers Hans 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Few studies have investigated the effects of substrates on the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in plants. Acacia stipuligera and A. robeorum growing in their natural habitats with different substrates show different accumulation and precipitation patterns of these elements. Here, we compared the accumulation and precipitation of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in A. stipuligera and A. robeorum grown in different substrates proposed for mine‐site rehabilitation and expected the differences in substrates to have significant effects on the accumulation and precipitation of these elements in the two species.• Methods: Saplings were grown in sandy topsoil or in a topsoil–siltstone mixture in a glasshouse. Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations of 25‐wk‐old plants were measured. Precipitation of these elements in phyllodes and branchlets was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy.• Key results: Phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations were generally significantly greater in A. robeorum than in A. stipuligera. The two species responded in unique ways to the substrate, with A. stipuligera having similar phyllode magnesium and calcium concentrations in both substrates, but greater sulfur concentration in the topsoil–siltstone mixture, while A. robeorum showed lower phyllode magnesium, calcium, and sulfur concentrations in the topsoil–siltstone mixture. For both substrates, mineral precipitates were observed in both species, with A. robeorum having more mineral precipitates containing magnesium, calcium, and sulfur in its phyllodes than A. stipuligera did.• Conclusions: The accumulation and precipitation patterns of magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are more species‐specific than substrate‐affected.
Le Grand Chantier du Blayais en perspective : nucléaire et aménagement du territoire en France, des années 1960 aux années 1990
Authors: Cardarelly Sébastien 
Published: January 2015

La question énergétique a largement influencé l’aménagement régional du territoire français. Le programme électronucléaire est un investissement public, qui a entraîné le développement d’un important secteur d’activité. Dans quelle mesure fut-il un enjeu et un outil d'aménagement ? Une réponse est avancée à travers l'étude du cas du "Grand Chantier" de la centrale du Blayais.
Sur la figure du « consomma(c)teur » d'électricité dans les années 1970 et 1980
Authors: Mosgalik Inès 
Published: January 2015

Dans le contexte actuel de l’adoption des politiques de transition énergétique et de l’achèvement du marché intérieur de l’énergie, la figure du « consomma (c) teur » est souvent mobilisée. Ce dernier est présenté comme un acteur clé des nouveaux marchés de l’énergie. Dans le souci d'apporter à ces importants débats d’actualité une perspective historique, cet article se concentre sur la période de 1970 à 1980. Le dépouillement du magazine La Vie électrique , édité par EDF depuis 1956, a permis de nourrir cette réflexion.
L'aménagement hydroélectrique de Marèges, histoire du site et importance patrimoniale
Authors: Barbin Céline 
Published: January 2015

Construit de 1929 à 1935 pour alimenter en électricité la ligne du chemin de fer, l’aménagement hydroélectrique de Marèges, dans la vallée de la Dordogne, a été l'occasion d'introduire de nombreuses innovations, sous l’impulsion d’André Coyne. Le prestige du site est par ailleurs renforcé par l’attention portée aux questions esthétique et architecturale lors de la construction.
« Hutu » et « Tutsi » : des mots pour quoi dire ?
Authors: Saur Léon 
Published: January 2015

Impossible de s’intéresser au Rwanda sans buter sur le couple des termes « Hutu » et « Tutsi ». Pourtant, celui qui négligerait leur capacité performative et les réduirait à la seule définition ethnique qu’on retient généralement aujourd’hui s’ôterait toute possibilité de comprendre véritablement l’histoire du Rwanda. La déconstruction de ces vocables, unis pour le meilleur et pour le pire, est un passage obligé pour qui étudie les causes lointaines du génocide des « Tutsi » et du massacre des « Hutu » modérés en 1994.
Que sang valeurs fleurissent
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann 
Published: January 2015

On a raison de moquer l’éva(rt)luation comme une maladie artistiquement transmissible et éminemment virale. Maintenant que le dieu Valeur est mort, il faut se donner trois principes pour évaluer l’évaluation : d’abord, admettre que l’évaluation artistique est un genre , comme le paysage est un genre en peinture ; ensuite chercher l’esprit, non le corps ou la lettre, de l’évaluation ; enfin constituer un espace de fuite , un ermitage extérieur dans l’espace sauvage, matrice d’abord, puis dans un jardin en ville qui capture au loin les montagnes, l’infini.
Questionnements autour de la Gestation pour Autrui
Authors: Bréhaux Karine , Delépine-Panisset Béatrice 
Published: January 2015

Qu’en est-il éthiquement et philosophiquement du droit à naître ? Deux options antagonistes apparaissent, l’une déontologique, l’autre téléologique. Les principes d’inviolabilité de la personne et de non-commercialisation du corps sont en péril. Les indications médicales légitimant une GPA sont très rares. Les indications non-médicales pourraient être étendues suite à l’autorisation d’accès à tout type d’AMP pour les couples de femmes. De multiples inconnues surgissent quant à la « générosité » invoquée du recours à la GPA, ne serait-ce que la question de l’équilibre psychoaffectif de l’enfant. La filiation risque d’être bricolée marginalement entre un droit objectif et un droit subjectif. Les pressions sociales sont énormes en ce domaine. Le récent rapport d’Irène Théry plaide pour un meilleur accueil des pluriparentalités. Le détour par la philosophie semble indispensable à travers la question de l’identité personnelle.
Delivering Clinical Trials and Observational Studies in Child Eye Health: A Nationwide Survey in the United Kingdom
Authors: Banteka Marina , Tailor Vijay , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret 
Published: January 2015

Purpose:
Evidence-based medicine requires primary results from randomized controlled trials and high-quality observational studies; however, in pediatric medicine it can be difficult to enroll sufficient numbers of children to reach sample sizes required for statistical significance. The experience of clinicians and researchers with the practicalities of recruitment has not been explored, but could potentially inform best practice and lead to the development of successful research networks. Perceived barriers and facilitators to recruitment in child eye health in the United Kingdom, where adoption of trials and studies onto a central database has created a register of high quality projects, were investigated.

Methods:
Studies and trials in child eye health from the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network portfolio database were identified and the named researchers contacted. Based on a validated tool, an electronic survey was created to ask about recruitment experience to identify facilitators and barriers.

Results:
There were 46 trials and studies recruiting children, and 51 completed questionnaires from researchers were received. Children’s eye research activity is mainly based at tertiary referral centers. Although most studies recruit to target, many researchers report difficulties. Availability of dedicated research teams in clinics and good communication between research team, clinical team, and families are strong facilitators. Administrative difficulties and the burden of research to clinical teams and families are strong barriers.

Conclusions:
Support for investigators in the form of dedicated research and administrative staff and good communication enhance recruitment to studies in child eye health.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(2):106–112.]
Cataract Surgery in Children With Uveitis: Retrospective Analysis of Intraocular Lens Implantation With Anterior Optic Capture
Authors: Kemp Pavlina S. , Longmuir Susannah Q. , Gertsch Kevin R. , Larson Scott A. , Olson Richard J. , Langguth Anne M. , Syed Nasreen , Oetting Thomas A. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose:
To present experience with cataract extraction in 9 eyes of 7 pediatric patients with chronic uveitis and compare the technique of anterior optic capture in 5 eyes that underwent cataract extraction without optic capture of the intraocular lens (IOL) or were left aphakic.

Methods:
A retrospective review of pediatric patients with chronic uveitis undergoing cataract surgery was performed, examining the preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, immunosuppressive therapy, surgical technique, complications, subsequent procedures, and need for escalation of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The technique of anterior optic capture is described in detail.

Results:
Of the 9 eyes, 5 underwent cataract extraction with IOL placement with the haptics in the capsular bag and optic prolapsed through the anterior capsulorhexis. One eye underwent cataract extraction with IOL implantation in the bag. Three eyes had lensectomy without IOL placement. The eyes with anterior optic capture had no adverse outcomes and uveitis flares were controlled with topical medications and systemic immunosuppressants; the eye with IOL placement without optic capture had recurrent membranes and uveitis flares, necessitating increased systemic immunosuppression. All eyes achieved best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60 or better by 6 months following surgery and 20/30 or better at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusions:
The technique of cataract extraction with IOL placement and anterior prolapse of the optic through the anterior capsulorhexis shows promise to be a safe and viable option for pediatric patients with chronic uveitis treated with systemic immunotherapy.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(2):119–125.]
Oceanic responses to Hurricane Igor over the Grand Banks: A modeling study
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Han Guoqi , de Young Brad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3‐D) baroclinic finite‐volume ocean model (FVCOM) was developed to examine the oceanic response to Hurricane Igor over the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Hurricane Igor generated a storm surge of almost 1 m at St. John's and about 0.8 m at three nearby coastal tide gauge stations (Bonavista, Argentia and St. Lawrence). The surge magnitude from the 3‐D baroclinic model agrees approximately with tide‐gauge observations at all four stations, slightly better than that from an alternative 3‐D barotropic case. The sudden drop of sea surface temperature caused by the storm, approximately
as observed by buoys, is well simulated by the baroclinic model with a k‐ε turbulence closure. A sensitivity simulation with the Mellor‐Yamada turbulence closure significantly underestimates sea surface cooling. It is shown that the sea surface cooling is mainly associated with turbulent mixing, and to a lesser degree with Ekman upwelling. The model solution shows that the largest surge occurred between Bonavista and St. John's. Further analysis suggests the generation of a free continental shelf wave after the storm made landfall, with the peak surge propagating from St. John's to St. Lawrence.
Hydro‐acoustic and tsunami waves generated by the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake: Modeling and in situ measurements
Authors: Abdolali Ali , Cecioni Claudia , Bellotti Giorgio , Kirby James T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDetection of low‐frequency hydro‐acoustic waves as precursor components of destructive tsunamis can enhance the promptness and the accuracy of Tsunami Early Warning Systems (TEWS). We reconstruct the hydro‐acoustic wave field generated by the 2012 Haida Gwaii tsunamigenic earthquake using a 2‐D horizontal numerical model based on the integration over the depth of the compressible fluid wave equation and considering a mild sloped rigid seabed. Spectral analysis of the wave field obtained at different water depths and distances from the source revealed the frequency range of low‐frequency elastic oscillations of sea water. The resulting 2‐D numerical model gave us the opportunity to study the hydro‐acoustic wave propagation in a large‐scale domain with available computers and to support the idea of deep‐sea observatory and data interpretation. The model provides satisfactory results, compared with in situ measurements, in the reproduction of the long‐gravitational waves. Differences between numerical results and field data are probably due to the lack of exact knowledge of sea bottom motion and to the rigid seabed approximation, indicating the need for further study of poro‐elastic bottom effects.
The carbon dioxide system on the Mississippi River‐dominated continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1. Distribution and air‐sea CO2 flux
Authors: Huang Wei‐Jen , Cai Wei‐Jun , Wang Yongchen , Lohrenz Steven E. , Murrell Michael C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRiver‐dominated continental shelf environments are active sites of air‐sea CO2 exchange. We conducted 13 cruises in the northern Gulf of Mexico, a region strongly influenced by fresh water and nutrients delivered from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system. The sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was measured, and the air‐sea CO2 flux was calculated. Results show that CO2 exchange exhibited a distinct seasonality: the study area was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 during spring and early summer, and it was neutral or a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere during midsummer, fall, and winter. Along the salinity gradient, across the shelf, the sea surface shifted from a source of CO2 in low‐salinity zones (0≤S<17) to a strong CO2 sink in the middle‐to‐high‐salinity zones (17≤S<33), and finally was a near‐neutral state in the high‐salinity areas (33≤S<35) and in the open gulf (S≥35). High pCO2 values were only observed in narrow regions near freshwater sources, and the distribution of undersaturated pCO2 generally reflected the influence of freshwater inputs along the shelf. Systematic analyses of pCO2 variation demonstrated the importance of riverine nitrogen export; that is, riverine nitrogen‐enhanced biological removal, along with mixing processes, dominated pCO2 variation along the salinity gradient. In addition, extreme or unusual weather events were observed to alter the alongshore pCO2 distribution and to affect regional air‐sea CO2 flux estimates. Overall, the study region acted as a net CO2 sink of 0.96 ± 3.7 mol m−2 yr−1 (1.15 ± 4.4 Tg C yr−1).
An approach to estimate the freshwater contribution from glacial melt and precipitation in East Greenland shelf waters using colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
Authors: Stedmon Colin A. , Granskog Mats A. , Dodd Paul A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChanges in the supply and storage of freshwater in the Arctic Ocean and its subsequent export to the North Atlantic can potentially influence ocean circulation and climate. In order to understand how the Arctic freshwater budget is changing and the potential impacts, it is important to develop and refine empirical approaches for tracing freshwater contributions. This in turn can help develop and validate model simulations. Arctic rivers are an important source of freshwater and stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to separate contributions from meteoric water (river, glacial, and precipitation) and sea ice melt. We develop this approach further and investigate the use of an additional tracer, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which is largely specific to freshwater originating from Arctic rivers. A robust relationship between the freshwater contribution from meteoric water and CDOM is derived from 4 years of measurements in Fram Strait (2009–2012), combined with measurements from the East Greenland shelf and Dijmpha Sound (NE Greenland). Results confirm a high contribution of riverine CDOM in Arctic halocline waters with salinities >31.5 and indicate the importance of shelf processes (riverine input and sea ice formation), while previously, these waters where thought to be derived from open sea processes (cooling and sea ice formation) in the northern Barents and Kara Seas. In Greenlandic coastal waters the meteoric water contribution is influenced by Greenland ice sheet meltwater and deviations from the CDOM‐meteoric water relationships found are applied to quantify meltwater contribution along the East Greenland shelf waters (0–13%).
Potential impact of the colored Amazon and Orinoco plume on tropical cyclone intensity
Authors: Newinger C. , Toumi R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Amazon and the Orinoco river plumes modulate ocean stratification and color in the tropical North Atlantic. This changes air‐sea interactions and may thus be important for tropical cyclones (TCs). Using a regional ocean model, we try to separate the potential impact of river freshwater and light absorption on ocean temperatures, stability, and TC intensity. While the freshwater plume stabilizes the water column, there is no significant change in sea surface temperatures. However, increased stability and temperature inversions may reduce surface cooling feedbacks. The cooling inhibition index (CI) is +2.2 (J/m2)
larger when the river freshwater plume is present. Ocean color in the river plume on the other hand, blocks the deeper ocean from sunlight, leading to moderate surface warming (+0.1°C) and substantial subsurface cooling (−0.3°C 100 m mean temperature). As a consequence cold water is more readily available to passing storms and the CI decreases by −2.1 (J/m2)
. Using simple, idealized relationships between expected surface cooling and TC intensity, we find that river‐induced stability enhances strong TCs by up to −5 to −12 hPa, while ocean color may reduce intensity by +8 hPa to +16 hPa. The net impact of the colored plume is negligible for weak storms and a slight intensity reduction for stronger cyclones. Within the Amazon and Orinoco plume, the river freshwater effect may thus be substantially reduced or even offset by light absorbing particles.
An analytical model for the description of the full‐polarimetric sea surface Doppler signature
Authors: Fois Franco , Hoogeboom Peter , Le Chevalier François , Stoffelen Ad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper describes an analytical model of the full‐polarimetric sea surface scattering and Doppler signature. The model combines the small‐slope‐approximation theory (at the second order) with a weak nonlinear sea surface representation. Such a model is used to examine the variation of the Doppler central frequency/bandwidth and of the normalized radar cross section as function of wind speed and direction. The results suggest that the model can be a valuable tool for the accurate observation of sea surface currents.
Analysis of subsurface storage and streamflow generation in urban watersheds
Authors: Bhaskar Aditi S. , Welty Claire 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSubsurface storage as a regulator of streamflow was investigated as an explanation for the large proportion of pre‐event water observed in urban streams during storm events. We used multiple lines of inquiry to explore the relationship between pre‐event water proportion, subsurface storage, and streamflow under storm conditions. First, we used a three‐dimensional model of integrated subsurface and surface flow and solute transport to simulate an idealized hillslope to perform model‐based chemical hydrograph separation of stormflow. Second, we employed simple dynamical systems analysis to derive the relationship between subsurface storage and streamflow for three Baltimore, Maryland watersheds (3.8–14 km2 in area) along an urban‐to‐rural gradient. Last, we applied chemical hydrograph separation to high‐frequency specific conductance data in nested urban watersheds (∼50% impervious surface cover) in Dead Run, Baltimore County, Maryland. Unlike the importance of antecedent subsurface storage observed in some systems, we found that rainfall depth and not subsurface storage was the primary control on pre‐event water proportion in both field observations and hillslope numerical experiments. Field observations showed that antecedent stream base flow did not affect pre‐event water proportion or streamflow values under storm conditions. Hillslope model results showed that the relationship between streamflow values under storm conditions and subsurface storage was clockwise hysteretic. The simple dynamical systems approach showed that stream base flow in the most urbanized of three watersheds exhibited the largest sensitivity to changes in storage. This work raises questions about the streamflow generation mechanisms by which pre‐event water dominates urban storm hydrographs, and the shifts between mechanisms in rural and urban watersheds.
Competition in the Market for Audit Services
Authors: Baylis Richard M. , Clatworthy Mark A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Recent years have seen many UK and international regulators concerned with a potential lack of competition in the market for corporate audit services. It is often assumed that markets with few suppliers result from a lack of competition and this may lead to excessive prices and/or low quality. This article briefly reviews related theoretical and empirical research and shows that while the market for audit services is highly concentrated, there is no consensus that there is anti‐competitive pricing or lower audit quality. The article also briefly highlights some of the difficulties involved in investigating this issue.
Demand for Voluntary Audit
Authors: Dedman Elisabeth 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The agency problems introduced by the separation of ownership and control may be resolved to some extent by independent, external audit. This is now a general requirement for listed firms all over the world. As both firms and managers have incentives to agree to such an audit, researchers have been interested in what happens when audit is not an obligation but a choice. The few empirical studies that have examined the demand for voluntary audit provide evidence that regulatory intervention is not necessary, though some argue that regulators are protecting society from market failure by demanding statutory audit.