bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratégies éducatives parentales et mécanismes familiaux de réussite des enfants bamilékés fosterés en France
Authors: Kamga Monique 
Published: November 2013

Le présent article apporte un éclairage sur les processus éducatifs intrafamiliaux favorisant, parmi d’autres, la réussite scolaire des enfants bamilékés (Cameroun) accueillis dans le cadre du fosterage, par des membres de leur parenté installés en France. L’étude porte sur la transposition de cette pratique traditionnelle et informelle dans un environnement socio-culturel où la mobilité des enfants est formalisée et règlementée et interroge l’impact de la migration sur l’évolution de la nature des liens parents/enfants ainsi créés. À partir de 30 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des protagonistes bamilékés du fosterage en France, cet article se centre sur les stratégies éducatives des parents qui associent leurs références culturelles informelles aux méthodes et valeurs socio-éducatives françaises. Les résultats montrent comment ces parents parviennent à stimuler les capacités et les performances de l’enfant fosteré afin de l’amener à la réussite scolaire dans un cadre familial « impromptu », loin des parents biologiques.
The effect of moisture content on physical and mechanical
Authors: Kibar H. , Öztürk T. , Esen E. 
Published: November 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate some physical and mechanical properties of Osmancık-97 rice variety widespread cultivated in Turkey in order to determine needed designing parameters for handling and storage facilities. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 10-14% d.b. Length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameter ranged from 8.27 to 9.01 mm, 3.10 to 3.48 mm, 2.05 to 2.26 mm, 4.47 to 4.92 mm, 3.75 to 4.13 mm, respectively as the moisture content increased; sphericity, grain volume, surface area, true density and porosity increased from 43 to 45%, 130.97 to 160.32 mm 3, 38.68 to 46.91 mm2, 939.0 to 962.1 kg m–3, and 36.61 to 41.97%; bulk density decreased from 595.5 to 560.5 kg m–3; the angle of internal friction increased linearly from 29.70° to 32.53° with the increase of moisture content; the static coefficient of friction increased from 0.764 to 0.972, 0.524 to 0.702 and 0.576 to 0.764 for concrete, galvanized steel and wood surfaces, respectively; the poisson ratio and pressure ratio decreased linearly with the increase of moisture content. The data obtained from the study will be useful in the structural design of rice bin to calculate loads on bins from the stored material.
Sudden deep gas eruption nearby Rome's airport of Fiumicino
Authors: Ciotoli Giancarlo , Etiope Giuseppe , Florindo Fabio , Marra Fabrizio , Ruggiero Livio , Sauer Peter E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOn 24 August 2013 a sudden gas eruption from the ground occurred in the Tiber river delta, nearby Rome's international airport of Fiumicino. We assessed that this gas, analogous to other minor vents in the area, is dominantly composed of deep, partially mantle‐derived CO2, as in the geothermal gas of the surrounding Roman Comagmatic Province. Increased amounts of thermogenic CH4 are likely sourced from Meso‐Cenozoic petroleum systems, overlying the deep magmatic fluids. We hypothesize that the intersection of NE‐SW and N‐S fault systems, which at regional scale controls the location of the Roman volcanic edifices, favors gas uprising through the impermeable Pliocene and deltaic Holocene covers. Pressurized gas may temporarily be stored below these covers or within shallower sandy, permeable layers. The eruption, regardless the triggering cause—natural or man‐made, reveals the potential hazard of gas‐charged sediments in the delta, even at distances far from the volcanic edifices.
Subducted slabs stagnant above, penetrating through, and trapped below the 660 km discontinuity
Authors: Fukao Yoshio , Obayashi Masayuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA newPwave tomographic model of the mantle was constructed using more than 10 million travel times. The finite‐frequency effect of seismic rays was taken into account by calculating banana‐donut kernels at 2 Hz for all first arrival time data, and at 0.1 Hz for broadband differential travel time data. Based on this model, a systematic survey for subducted slab images was developed for the circum‐Pacific; including the Kurile, Honshu, Izu‐Bonin, Mariana, Java, Tonga‐Kermadec, southern and northern South America, and Central America, arcs. This survey revealed a progressive lateral variation of the configuration of slabs along arc(s), which we interpret as an indication for successive stages of slab subduction through the Bullen's transition region with the 660 km discontinuity at the middle. We identified the four distinct stages: I ‐ slab stagnant above the 660 km discontinuity; II ‐ slab penetrating the 660 km discontinuity; III ‐ slab trapped in the uppermost lower mantle (at a depth of 660–1000 km); and IV ‐ slab descending well into the deep lower mantle. The majority of slab images are found to be either at Stage I or III, suggesting that Stages I and III are relatively stable or neutral and II and IV are relatively unstable or transient. There is a remarkable distinction for the deepest hypocentral distribution between slabs at Stage I and slabs at Stages II or III.
Thermal insights into the dynamics of Nyiragongo lava lake from ground and satellite measurements
Authors: Spampinato L. , Ganci G. , Hernández P. A. , Calvo D. , Tedesco D. , Pérez N. M. , Calvari S. , Del Negro C. , Yalire M. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present new insights into the short‐ and long‐term thermal activity of the Nyiragongo lava lake by ground‐based and satellite infrared thermal imagery recorded in the first half of 2012. This is the very first time in which FLIR camera and SEVIRI data have been compared at this volcano. Maximum temperatures recorded at the molten lava were of ~1180 K, whereas the lake skin remained always below ~734 K in areas far from the upwelling zone and below ~843 K in those proximal to the source region. Ground‐based imagery yielded mean radiative power values between ~0.80 and 1.10 GW. Consistently, satellite observations showed similar mean values of 1.10 GW. Overall the thermal activity of the lava lake was quite variable along the three days of field measurements at both daily and intradaily scale. SEVIRI radiative power values retrieved for the January–June 2012 period revealed fluctuations within the same variability range suggesting that no significant changes of the lava lake area had occurred over the six months. Comparison with previous radiative power estimates showed that our data well agree with the general increasing trend recorded since the reappearance of the lava lake after the last flank eruption in 2002.
Intrusion of warm surface water beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Stern A. A. , Dinniman M. S. , Zagorodnov V. , Tyler S. W. , Holland D. M. 
Published: November 2013

Key Points

There is an annual intrusion of warm water beneath the McMurdo ice shelf
This intrusion causes elevated melt rates near to the ice front
The intruding water is surface water originating west of the Ross Sea Polynya
The consequences of linear growth stunting: Influence on body composition among youth in the bolivian amazon
Authors: Tanner Susan , Leonard William R. , Reyes‐García Victoria ,   TAPS Bolivia Study Team
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTStunting, or linear growth retardation, has been documented in up to half of all children in rural indigenous populations of South America. Stunting is well understood as a signal of adverse conditions during growth, and has been associated with developmentally induced modifications to body composition, including body fat and muscularity, that stem from early growth restriction. This article examines the relation between short stature and three anthropometric indicators of body composition during childhood and adolescence among a rural, indigenous population of forager‐horticulturalists. Anthropometric data were collected annually from 483 Tsimane' youth, ages 2–10 years, in 13 communities in the Beni region of Bolivia for 6 consecutive years (2002–2007). Baseline height‐for‐age was used to indicate stunting (HAZ < −2.0) and compared with z‐scores of body mass index (BMI), sum of two skinfolds, and arm muscle area. Multilevel regression models indicate baseline stunting is associated with lower BMI z‐scores (B = −0.386; P < 0.001), body fatness (ZSkinfold, B = −0.164; P < 0.001), and arm muscularity (AMAZ, B = −0.580; P < 0.001) in youth across a period of 6 years. When split by sex, there was a stronger relation between baseline stunting and lower skinfold body fat scores among girls (B = −0.244; P < 0.001) than boys (B = −0.080; P = 0.087). In contrast, baseline stunting was associated with lower arm muscularity in both girls (B = −0.498; P < 0.001) and boys (B = −0.646; P < 0.001). The relation between linear growth restriction and indicators of body composition persist into adolescence, providing additional insight into the influence of adverse conditions during growth. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:92–102, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methylidenkomplexe der Seltenerdmetalle
Authors: Kratsch Jochen , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractÜbergangsmetallcarbene sind bereits seit 50 Jahren bekannt und haben eine breite Anwendung als Reagentien und Katalysatoren in der organischen Synthese gefunden. Die Carbenchemie der Seltenerdmetalle ist dagegen noch recht wenig untersucht und erst in den letzten Jahren in den Fokus der Forschung gerückt. Vor allem Seltenerdmetallalkylidenverbindungen, insbesondere Methylidenkomplexe, sind eine aufstrebende Verbindungsklasse mit einem hohen Potential für die Organometallchemie und möglicherweise künftig für die organische Synthese.
Genomic Imprinting – der Kampf der Geschlechter auf molekularer Ebene
Authors: Jurkowska Renata Z. , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenomic Imprinting (genomische Prägung) – die unterschiedliche Expression von maternal und paternal vererbten Genen – wurde als ein faszinierendes Beispiel für die Kontrolle der Genexpression durch epigenetische Prozesse im menschlichen Körper entdeckt. Es betrifft etwa 100 Gene, die oft an der Steuerung von Wachstum und Entwicklung beteiligt sind. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die Mechanismen, die zur Erzeugung von geschlechtsspezifischen Imprints in Form von DNA‐Methylierungsmustern führen, ihre Erhaltung während des Wachstums und der Entwicklung des Organismus und die Prozesse, welche die elterlichen Imprints in eine monoallelische Genexpression umsetzen. Wir diskutieren die geschlechtsspezifische, dimorphe Natur von Imprints aus evolutionärer Sicht und präsentieren das vorherrschende Modell, dass molekulare Prägung in einem Interessenskonflikt zwischen den Eltern vermittelt, der in lebendgebärenden Tieren auftritt. Abschließend fassen die Relevanz dieses Vorgangs für die menschliche Gesundheit zusammen.
Rare‐Earth‐Metal Methylidene Complexes
Authors: Kratsch Jochen , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTransition‐metal carbene complexes have been known for about 50 years and widely applied as reagents and catalysts in organic transformations. In contrast, the carbene chemistry of the rare‐earth metals is much less developed, but has attracted the research interest in the recent years. In this field rare‐earth‐metal alkylidene, especially methylidene, compounds are an emerging class of compounds with a high synthetic potential for organometallic chemistry and maybe in the future also for organic chemistry.
Artificial Genetic Sets Composed of Size‐Expanded Base Pairs
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Kool Eric T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe describe in this Minireview the synthesis, properties, and applications of artificial genetic sets built from base pairs that are larger than the natural Watson–Crick architecture. Such designed systems are being explored by several research groups to investigate basic chemical questions regarding the functions of the genetic information storage systems and thus of the origin and evolution of life. For example, is the terrestrial DNA structure the only viable one, or can other architectures function as well? Working outside the constraints of purine–pyrimidine geometry provides more chemical flexibility in design, and the added size confers useful properties such as high binding affinity and helix stability as well as fluorescence. These features are useful for the investigation of fundamental biochemical questions as well as in the development of new biotechnological, biomedical, and nanostructural tools and methods.
Testing the suffocation false alarm theory of panic disorder
Authors: Klein Donald F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe need for hypotheses concerning the nature of those functions that have been impaired in stereotyped psychiatric syndromes is emphasized. With regard to panic disorder, the key role of the spontaneous panic attack became apparent from several viewpoints. However, panics seem to be a type of misreleased fear, which guided the thinking concerning the nature of possible psychological or physiological malfunctions. We indicate that spontaneous panic cannot be fear, but must represent some other malfunction and suggest that the spontaneous panic is a suffocation false alarm.The development of this idea is outlined, and attempts to develop tests of this hypothesis are indicated. In particular, studies of children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, dyspnea, field measures of panic, pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, as well as the premenstrual syndrome afford pointed opportunities, new information and potential tests of the theory. A recent challenge to the theory from acetazolamide infusion is discussed. Developing a possible antecedent for the pathologically depressed threshold for the suffocation alarm, in the form of a phasic endorphinergic deficiency, is presented. Anxiety 1:1–7 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth hormone response to clonidine in the nervous pointer dog model of anxiety
Authors: Uhde Thomas W. , Malloy Lisa C. , Benson Brenda B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBlunted growth hormone responses to clonidine have been reported in most studies of humans with panic disorder but have been an inconsistent finding in the study of other anxiety syndromes. The growth hormone response to oral clonidine (100 μg/kg) was investigated in the adult nervous pointer dog, a genetic animal model of anxiety. Compared with placebo, clonidine produced significant increases in plasma levels of growth hormone; however, there were no differences in the growth hormone (GH) responses to clonidine in the nervous compared with the normal pointer dogs. Findings in this animal model are discussed within the context of noradrenergic‐hypothalamic‐GH dysfunction reported in some but not all types of anxiety disorders in humans. Anxiety 1:45–49(1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient stage of change predicts outcome in a panic disorder medication trial
Authors: Beitman Bernard D. , Beck Niels C. , Deuser William E. , Carter Cameron S. , R. Jonathan , Davidson T. , Maddock Richard J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective: The authors test the hypothesis that patient readiness to change predicts outcome in a placebo‐controlled medication trial. Method: Outpatients with panic disorder and agoraphobia completed the Stages of Change (SOC) questionnaire, a measure of readiness to change, before being randomly assigned either sustained release (SR) adinazolam or placebo in a 4‐week double‐blind trial. Results: In the “intent to treat” analysis, for the 202 subjects who made at least one visit after baseline, adinazolam SR was significantly more effective than placebo on most major outcome measures. Of the 126 subjects who completed the SOC questionnaire, regression analyses showed significant correlations between SOC scores and all 5 outcome measures. In a second analysis, cluster membership based on SOC scores was predictive of outcome on 3 of 5 measures. In each statistical analysis, subjects who were not predisposed to change as measured by the SOC were significantly less likely to change. Conclusions: Patient readiness to change was strongly correlated with outcome in a placebo‐controlled panic disorder trial with an effective medication. In this study, the SOC category, Precontemplation (i.e., those subjects who reported the belief that they had no problem) were less likely to change compared to those who believed that they had a problem. Anxiety 1:64–69 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The numbing scale: Psychometric properties, a preliminary report
Authors: Glover Hillel , Ohlde Carroll , Silver Steven , Packard Peter , Good‐nick Paul , Hamlin Gary L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study explored the psychometric properties of a new self‐report instrument, The Glover Numbing Scale©. The scale measures a variety of behaviors reported by individuals experiencing an inability to access feelings other than hostility and rage. The scale was administered to inpatient Vietnam combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, n = 323), PTSD diagnosed Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient and veterans' outreach center veterans (n = 208), two Vietnam veteran non‐combat groups (n = 45), two psychiatric non‐combat controls (anxiety disorder, n = 40; major depressive disorder, n = 31), and a non‐psychiatric never‐in‐Vietnam veteran control group (n = 48). Reliability information suggested that the scale was internally consistent with good test‐retest correlations. Convergent and discriminant validations were assessed based on the pattern of the scale's correlations with relevant Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales. The contrasting pattern of correlations provided by a subgroup of veterans who reported always feeling dead or shut down was highlighted. Principal component analysis resulted in a five‐factor solution that provided evidence for the scale's factorial validity. Numbing Scale scores discriminated levels of psychopathology within the veteran population. PTSD outreach center veterans' sum scores and item scores on the Numbing Scale were more similar to responses of anxiety disorder patients than to major depressive disorder patients. Overall, the findings strongly support the clinical application of the Numbing Scale. Anxiety 1:70–79 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dot‐probe evaluation of cognitive processing biases in patients with panic disorder: A failure to replicate and extend
Authors: Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA number of cognitive psychology paradigms have been used to demonstrate that panic disorder patients selectively process stimuli that are related to themes of physical threat and catastrophe. The present investigation was an attempt to replicate and extend initial findings obtained with the dot‐probe paradigm, a visual attention paradigm which allows for the assessment of allocation of visual attention to stimuli of varied emotional valence via the measurement of detection latencies for visual probes that follow their presentation. Twenty‐two panic disorder patients and 20 healthy control subjects were tested using neutral, social threat, and panic symptom/fear cues. No between‐group differences were observed in detection latencies for visual probes that followed neutral, social threat, or panic symptom/fear cues. These results represent a failure to replicate previous reports of selective processing in panic disorder and suggest that panic disorder patients may not selectively process cues related to bodily sensation and panic‐related fears. Implications of this finding are discussed. Anxiety 1:123–128 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal degradation behavior of polypropylene base wood plastic composites hybridized with metal (aluminum, magnesium) hydroxides
Authors: Gwon Jae Gyoung , Lee Sun Young , Kim Jung Hyeun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of hybridization of wood fibers and metal hydroxides on the thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) based plastic composites is studied through thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The wood fiber increases thermal stability of the metal hydroxide hybridized WPC including aluminum hydroxide (AH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH). Hybridization with the AH increases decomposition temperature of the maximum loss rate (Tmax) of the PP due to reinforcement of residue, but the onset‐temperature of the PP decomposition is nearly shifted. However, hybridization with the MH increases both the onset‐temperature and theTmaxof the PP thermal degradation. Both AH and MH fillers increase theTmaxof the PP matrix decomposition with increment of their contents. Besides, the MH case shows higher thermal stability of the PP resin in WPC decomposition than the AH case at the same loading level. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 40120.
Disrupted Brain Circuitry for Pain‐Related Reward/Punishment in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Loggia Marco L. , Berna Chantal , Kim Jieun , Cahalan Christine M. , Gollub Randy L. , Wasan Ajay D. , Harris Richard E. , Edwards Robert R. , Napadow Vitaly 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveWhile patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are known to exhibit hyperalgesia, the central mechanisms contributing to this altered pain processing are not fully understood. This study was undertaken to investigate potential dysregulation of the neural circuitry underlying cognitive and hedonic aspects of the subjective experience of pain, such as anticipation of pain and anticipation of pain relief.MethodsThirty‐one FM patients and 14 controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging, while receiving cuff pressure pain stimuli on the leg calibrated to elicit a pain rating of ∼50 on a 100‐point scale. During the scan, subjects also received visual cues informing them of the impending onset of pain (pain anticipation) and the impending offset of pain (relief anticipation).ResultsPatients exhibited less robust activation during both anticipation of pain and anticipation of relief within regions of the brain commonly thought to be involved in sensory, affective, cognitive, and pain‐modulatory processes. In healthy controls, direct searches and region‐of‐interest analyses of the ventral tegmental area revealed a pattern of activity compatible with the encoding of punishment signals: activation during anticipation of pain and pain stimulation, but deactivation during anticipation of pain relief. In FM patients, however, activity in the ventral tegmental area during periods of pain and periods of anticipation (of both pain and relief) was dramatically reduced or abolished.ConclusionFM patients exhibit disrupted brain responses to reward/punishment. The ventral tegmental area is a source of reward‐linked dopaminergic/γ‐aminobutyric acid–releasing (GABAergic) neurotransmission in the brain, and our observations are compatible with reports of altered dopaminergic/GABAergic neurotransmission in FM. Reduced reward/punishment signaling in FM may be related to the augmented central processing of pain and reduced efficacy of opioid treatments in these patients.