bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic design and test of gusset connections for buckling‐restrained braced frames
Authors: Lin Pao‐Chun , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Wu An‐Chien , Chuang Ming‐Chieh 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe corner gusset plates in a steel braced frame can be subjected to forces not only from the brace but also from the effects of the frame actions. In this study, several finite element models are constructed to analyze the gusset‐to‐beam and gusset‐to‐column interface forces. It is found that the frame actions affect the gusset interface force distributions significantly. A simplified strut model to represent the gusset plate is adopted to evaluate the frame action forces. In addition, the generalized uniform force method is adopted as it provides more freedom for designers to configure the gusset plate shapes than using the uniform force method. In this paper, a performance‐based design method is proposed. The gusset interface force demands take into account the combined effect of the brace maximum axial force capacity and the peak beam shear possibly developed in the frame. The specimen design and key results of a series of full‐scale three‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) hybrid tests are discussed. The gusset interface cracks observed at inter‐story drift greater than 0.03 radians can be well predicted by using the proposed design method. The BRBF tests and analyses confirm that the proposed design method is reasonable. The effectiveness of varying the width of gusset edge stiffeners in reducing the gusset tip stress concentrations is also investigated. This paper concludes with recommendations for the seismic design of BRBF corner gusset plates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of peat structure on the spatial distribution of biogenic gases within bogs
Authors: Comas Xavier , Kettridge Nicholas , Binley Andrew , Slater Lee , Parsekian Andrew , Baird Andy J. , Strack Maria , Waddington James M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNorthern peatlands are a large source of atmospheric methane (CH4) and both a source and a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The rate and temporal variability in gas exchanges with peat soils is directly related to the spatial distribution of these free‐phase gases within the peat column. In this paper, we present results from surface and borehole ground‐penetrating radar surveys – constrained with direct soil and gas sampling – that compare the spatial distribution of gas accumulations in two raised bogs: one in Wales (UK), the other in Maine (USA). Although the two peatlands have similar average thickness, physical properties of the peat matrix differ, particularly in terms of peat type and degree of humification. We hypothesize that these variations in physical properties are responsible for the differences in gas distribution between the two peatlands characterized by (1) gas content up to 10.8% associated with woody peat and presence of wood layers in Caribou Bog (Maine) and (2) a more homogenous distribution with gas content up to 5.7% at the surface (i.e. <0.5 m deep) in Cors Fochno (Wales). Our results highlight the variability in biogenic gas accumulation and distribution across peatlands and suggest that the nature of the peat matrix has a key role in defining how biogenic gas accumulates within and is released to the atmosphere from peat soils. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Three‐dimensional dynamics of vortex‐induced reconnection and comparison with THEMIS observations
Authors: Nakamura T. K. M. , Daughton W. , Karimabadi H. , Eriksson S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe entry of solar wind into the magnetosphere is strongly influenced by kinetic‐scale boundary layers where the rapid variation in the magnetic field and/or velocity can drive transport. In current layers with strong Alfvénic velocity shear, the generation of vortices from the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability can drive magnetic reconnection even in broader current sheets by locally compressing these layers as the vortices develop. Previous two‐dimensional (2‐D) fully kinetic simulations of this vortex‐induced reconnection process have demonstrated the copious formation of magnetic islands in regions of strongly compressed current between the vortices. Here we describe the first three‐dimensional (3‐D) fully kinetic simulations of this process and demonstrate that the compressed current sheets give rise to magnetic flux ropes over a range of oblique angles and along the entire extent of the compressed current layer around the periphery of the vortex. These flux ropes propagate with the shear flow and eventually merge with the vortex. Over longer time scales, this basic scenario is repeated as the vortices drive new compressed current sheets. In the final stage, the vortices undergo a merging process that drives new compressed current sheets and flux ropes. Based on these simulations, a simple model is proposed that predicts the size of these flux ropes relative to their parent vortex. Both the relative sizes as well as the structure of the profiles across the vortex are in reasonable agreement with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions (THEMIS) observations at the Earth's low‐latitude magnetopause.
DXA and pQCT predict pertrochanteric and not femoral neck fracture load in a human side‐impact fracture model
Authors: Gebauer Matthias , Stark Olaf , Vettorazzi Eik , Grifka Joachim , Püschel Klaus , Amling Michael , Beckmann Johannes 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe validity of dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements as predictors of pertrochanteric and femoral neck fracture loads was compared in an experimental simulation of a fall on the greater trochanter. 65 proximal femora were harvested from patients at autopsy. All specimens were scanned with use of DXA for areal bone mineral density and pQCT for volumetric densities at selected sites of the proximal femur. A three‐point bending test simulating a side‐impact was performed to determine fracture load and resulted in 16 femoral neck and 49 pertrochanteric fractures. Regression analysis revealed that DXA BMD trochanter was the best variable at predicting fracture load of pertrochanteric fractures with an adjusted R2 of 0.824 (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between densitometric parameters and the fracture load of femoral neck fractures. A significant correlation further was found between body weight, height, femoral head diameter, and neck length on the one side and fracture load on the other side, irrespective of the fracture type. Clinically, the DXA BMD trochanter should be favored and integrated routinely as well as biometric and geometric parameters, particularly in elderly people with known osteoporosis at risk for falls. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:31–38, 2014.
A monolithic resonant terahertz sensor element comprising a metamaterial absorber and micro‐bolometer
Authors: Grant James , Escorcia‐Carranza Ivonne , Li Chong , McCrindle Iain J. H. , Gough John , Cumming David R. S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article a monolithic resonant terahertz sensor element with a noise equivalent power superior to that of typical commercial room temperature single pixel terahertz detectors and capable of close to real time read‐out rates is presented. The detector is constructed via the integration of a metamaterial absorber and a micro‐bolometer sensor. An absorption magnitude of 57% at 2.5 THz, a minimum NEP of and a thermal time constant of 68 ms for the sensor are measured. As a demonstration of detector capability, it is employed in a practical Nipkow terahertz imaging system. The monolithic resonant terahertz detector is readily scaled to focal plane array formats by adding standard read‐out and addressing circuitry enabling compact, low‐cost terahertz imaging.
Electro‐optic polymer/titanium dioxide hybrid core ring resonator modulators
Authors: Qiu Feng , Spring Andrew M. , Yu Feng , Aoki Isao , Otomo Akira , Yokoyama Shiyoshi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCompact electro‐optic (EO) modulators are desirable for a number of applications. In this study, a ring modulator has been fabricated in the titanium dioxide (TiO2) core and EO polymer cladding waveguide structure. A 250‐nm thick TiO2 core was utilized to minimize the ring radius down to 100 μm, to avoid using the top cladding between the EO polymer and the electrode, and to improve the poling efficiency. The resonance obtained by the ring modulator was observed to shift by 0.02 nm/V due to the enhanced in‐device EO coefficient of 105 pm/V. A modulation depth of 3 dB was observed at the frequency response function at 20 kHz using 2‐V Vp–p clock signal.
Talent Development for the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Maruska Don , Perry Jay 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAccording to Maruska and Perry, talent development “remains mired in nineteenth‐century top‐down thinking.” People should take charge of their own development, an outcome that leaders should welcome. A seven‐point manifesto is provided, with the areas of using untapped talents and opportunities, accessing hopes to drive better results, becoming talent catalysts for one another, tapping into abundant resources, using time creatively and productively, creating a self‐organizing culture that leads to fulfillment, and using the “See one, do one, teach one” approach. Hope “can be a practical and powerful way to tap the passion, energy, and creativity that lie within us,” the authors write.
CanWell: meeting the psychosocial and exercise needs of cancer survivors by translating evidence into practice
Authors: Cheifetz Oren , Park Dorsay Jan , Hladysh Genevieve , MacDermid Joy , Serediuk Fidelma , Woodhouse Linda J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAs more evidence emerges to support the incorporation of exercise for cancer survivors to positively affect physical, emotional, and social health, it is imperative that health‐care providers use current knowledge to develop evidence‐based exercise programs for these patients. Our purpose is to describe the development, implementation, and effectiveness of the CanWell program, an evidence‐based, community and partnership‐based, exercise, and education program for all people with cancer.MethodsExercise and cancer research was reviewed, summarized, and utilized to develop CanWell. A 12‐week, supervised, community‐based, exercise, and education program established in collaboration between an acute care hospital, academic center, and a not‐for‐profit YMCA facility. CanWell participants completed physical and health‐related quality of life measures prior to initiating the program and repeated them at 6 and 12 weeks.ResultsFollowing the exercise program, participants reported significant improvements in health‐related quality of life, recorded distance ambulated during a 6‐min walk test, and total minutes on a treadmill recorded using the standardized exponential exercise protocol treadmill test. Furthermore, no increases in disease burden were identified using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System. In addition, no exercise related injuries were reported by CanWell participants.ConclusionsAs the body of evidence supporting the incorporation of exercise as a standard of care for cancer survivors, it is imperative that care providers use current knowledge to provide opportunities for their patients to exercise in effective exercise programs. CanWell is an example on how collaboration between hospital, university, and community institutions can be used to move research into practice and meet the needs of cancer survivors. 2013 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cylindrical semiconductor nanowires with constrictions
Authors: Racec Paul N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe energy dependence of the tunneling coefficient for a cylindrical semiconductor nanowire, i.e., a one‐dimensional electron gas, with two constrictions is studied. Using the R‐matrix formalism the localization probabilities at the resonant energies can be computed. They give decisive information about the physical meaning of the resonant peaks and dips that appear. The nanowire with two constrictions yields a well‐defined system for the experimental evidence of the quasi‐bound states of the evanescent channels. Clearly marked dips due to them should appear in the linear conductance at low temperatures.Tunneling coefficient for a cylindrical nanowire with one or two constrictions, for a specific magnetic quantum number m. The influences of the geometrical parameters on the resonant energies are also shown.
Effect of nitrogen doping on the thermal conductivity of GeTe thin films
Authors: Fallica Roberto , Varesi Enrico , Fumagalli Luca , Spadoni Simona , Longo Massimo , Wiemer Claudia 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe 3ω method was employed to determine the effect of nitrogen doping (5 at.%) on the thermal conductivity of sputtered thin films of stoichiometric GeTe (a material of interest for phase change memories). It was found that nitrogen doping has a detrimental effect on the thermal conductivity of GeTe in both phases, but less markedly in the amorphous (–25%) than in the crystalline one (–40%). On the opposite, no effect could be detected on the measured thermal boundary resistance between these films and SiO2, within the experimental error. Our results agree with those obtained by molecular dynamic simulation of amorphous GeTe. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Dimensional Channels Encapsulated in Supramolecular Networks Constructed of Zinc(II), Manganese(II), or ­Nickel(II) Atoms with 3‐(Carboxymethyl)‐2, 7‐dimethyl‐3H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐5‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Zhao Mingxia , Xiong Liqin , Li Shilei , Chang Jin , Ning Hongyu , Qi Chuanmin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFour complexes with supramolecular architectures, namely, MZCA·3H2O (1), [Zn(H2O)6]2+·[MZCA]2·[H2O]6 (2), [Mn(MZCA)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (3), and [Ni(MZCA)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (4) [MZCA = 3‐(carboxymethyl)‐2, 7‐dimethyl‐3H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 display a remarkable 3D network with 1D hydrophilic channels. Complexes 3 and 4 are isostructural and exhibit a 3D structure encapsulating 1D 24‐membered ring microporous channels. The UV/Vis and fluorescent spectra were measured to characterize complexes 1–4. The thermal stability of complexes 2–4 were also examined.
RuCl2(PPh3)2(N‐ppa) – A Hydrogen‐Bridged Ruthenium(II) Complex of N‐Pyrazolylpropanamide
Authors: Hrib Cristian G. , Edelmann Frank T. , Smith IV Charles W. , McQueen Kent C. , Cruz Santina S. , Amenta Donna S. , Gilje John W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with N‐pyrazolylpropanamide (N‐ppa) displaces a single PPh3 producing the six‐coordinate complex RuCl2(PPh3)2(N‐ppa) (1). A crystal structure determination of the dichloromethane solvate RuCl2(PPh3)2(N‐ppa)·2CH2Cl2 (1·2CH2Cl2) revealed that the geometry about the central Ru atom is distorted octahedral with the chloride ligands in trans‐position and the N‐ppa acting as N,O‐chelating ligand. In the solid state, RuCl2(PPh3)2(N‐ppa) molecules are dimerized via N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds. The dimers pack as chains in the c direction and form voids that are occupied by dichloromethane solvent molecules.
Big Microdata for Population Research
Authors: Ruggles Steven 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article describes an explosion in the availability of individual-level population data. By 2018, demographic researchers will have access to over 2 billion records of accessible microdata from over 100 countries, dating from 1703 to the present. Another 2 to 4 billion records will be available through restricted-access data enclaves. These new resources represent a new kind of data that will enable transformative research on demographic and economic change and the spatial organization of society.
Classifying Korean comparative sentences for comparison analysis
Authors: YANG SEON , KO YOUNGJOONG 
Published: September 2013

AbstractComparisons sort objects based on their superiority or inferiority and they may have major effects on a variety of evaluation processes. The Web facilitates qualitative and quantitative comparisons via online debates, discussion forums, product comparison sites, etc., andcomparison analysisis becoming increasingly useful in many application areas. This study develops a method for classifying sentences in Korean text documents into several different comparative types to facilitate their analysis. We divide our study into two tasks: (1) extracting comparative sentences from text documents and (2) classifying comparative sentences into seven types. In the first task, we investigate many actual comparative sentences by referring to previous studies and construct a lexicon of comparisons. Sentences that contain elements from the lexicon are regarded as comparative sentence candidates. Next, we use machine learning techniques to eliminate non-comparative sentences from the candidates. In the second task, we roughly classify the comparative sentences using keywords and use a transformation-based learning method to correct initial classification errors. Experimental results show that our method could be suitable for practical use. We obtained an F1-score of 90.23% in the first task, an accuracy of 81.67% in the second task, and an overall accuracy of 88.59% for the integrated system with both tasks.
Oversimplification in the Study of Emotional Memory
Authors: Bennion Kelly A. , Ford Jaclyn H. , Murray Brendan D. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis Short Review critically evaluates three hypotheses about the effects of emotion on memory: First, emotion usually enhances memory. Second, when emotion does not enhance memory, this can be understood by the magnitude of physiological arousal elicited, with arousal benefiting memory to a point but then having a detrimental influence. Third, when emotion facilitates the processing of information, this also facilitates the retention of that same information. For each of these hypotheses, we summarize the evidence consistent with it, present counter-evidence suggesting boundary conditions for the effect, and discuss the implications for future research. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–9)
Impairment in Flexible Regulation of Speed and Accuracy in Children with ADHD
Authors: Vallesi Antonino , D'Agati Elisa , Pasini Augusto , Pitzianti Mariabernarda , Curatolo Paolo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by poor adaptation of behavior to environmental demands, including difficulties in flexibly regulating behavior. To understand whether ADHD is associated with a reduction of strategic flexibility in modulating speed and accuracy, we used a perceptual decision-making task that required participants to randomly stress either fast or accurate responding. Thirty-one drug-free boys with ADHD combined-type (mean age: 10.2 years) and 33 healthy control boys (mean age: 10.7 years), matched for age and IQ, participated. Both reaction time and accuracy data were analyzed. Our findings demonstrated significantly lower accuracy in ADHD children than in controls when switching from speed to accuracy instructions. This deficit was directly associated with hyperactivity symptoms but not with inattention. Our results showed that ADHD is associated with a deficit in dynamically switching response strategy according to task demands on a trial-to-trial basis. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–5)
UV-C tolerance of symbioticTrebouxiasp. in the space-tested lichen speciesRhizocarpon geographicumandCircinaria gyrosa: role of the hydration state and cortex/screening substances
Authors: Sánchez Francisco Javier , Meeßen Joachim , Ruiz M.ª del Carmen , G.ª Sancho Leopoldo , Ott Sieglinde , Vílchez Carlos , Horneck Gerda , Sadowsky Andres , de la Torre Rosa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMany experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the survival capacity of extremotolerant lichens when facing harsh conditions, including those of outer space or of simulated Martian environment. For further progress, a deeper study on the physiological mechanisms is needed that confer the unexpected levels of resistance detected on these symbiotic organisms. In this work, the response of the lichenized green algaeTrebouxiasp. (a predominant lichen photobiont) to increasing doses of UV-C radiation is studied. UV-C (one of the most lethal factors to be found in space together with vacuum and cosmic-ionizing radiation with high atomic number and energy (HZE) particles) has been applied in the present experiments up to a maximum dose analogue to 67 days in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). For that purpose we selected two extremotolerant and space-tested lichen species in whichTrebouxiasp. is the photosynthetic partner: the crustose lichenRhizocarpon geographicumand the fruticose lichenCircinaria gyrosa.In order to evaluate the effect of the physiological state of the lichen thallus (active when wet and dormant when dry) and of protective structures (cortex and photoprotective pigments) on the resistance of the photobiont to UV-C, four different experimental conditions were tested: (1) dry intact samples, (2) wet intact samples, (3) dry samples without cortex/acetone-rinsed and (4) wet samples without cortex/acetone-rinsed. After irradiation and a 72 hours period of recovery, the influence of UV-C on the two lichen's photobiont under each experimental approach was assessed by two complimentary methods: (1) By determining the photosystem II (PSII) activity in three successive 24 hours intervals (Mini-PAM fluorometer) to investigate the overall state of the photosynthetic process and the resilience ofTrebouxiasp. (2) By performing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-quantification of four essential photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, β-carotene and lutein) of one sample of each species and dose. Results indicate that the physiological state of the thallus is the most important factor impairing the tolerance ofTrebouxiasp. to UV-C radiation in both lichen species. Desiccated thalli were demonstrated to be more resistant to UV-C. No clear influence of UV-C radiation on the carotenoid content was detected. Comparing the respective doses applied, the individuals ofR. geographicumare more sensitive thanC. gyrosa.