bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention: what is it really?
Authors: Odgers Peta 
Published: November 2014

Background: The use of early intervention (EI) strategies following workplace injuries and illnesses have long been espoused by medical specialists, rehabilitation providers, regulators and others to be important in hastening recovery, and shortening the length of absence from work. Little is known, however, about the application, content or effectiveness of EI practices within the Comcare scheme.Objectives: The aim of this research is to provide a strategic assessment of EI in the Comcare scheme by:
•investigating what constitutes EI from an employer perspective,•determining which agencies/organisations use EI and why, and•establishing the impact EI has or could have on the scheme.Methods: Phase one will consist of in-depth interviews and/or small group discussions with representatives from both premium paying and self-insured organisations. An independent research company will conduct phase one on behalf of Comcare between February and March 2014. A targeted sampling approach has been used to ensure organisations with known greater and lesser experience in the use of EI are included. Phase two will build on phase one, using an online survey to collect information from all premium paying and self-insured organisations in the Comcare Scheme.Findings: It is anticipated that, within the Comcare scheme, the project will identify: what constitutes EI; what role EI plays or could play; what influences EIs success; and how EI is impacting the type and complexity of claims entering the scheme.Discussion: This paper will focus on the key findings of the research and the implications they have for policies, practices and service delivery.Conclusion: Understanding the role of EI in organisations provided Comcare with a framework to better guide and support employers in their response to workplace injuries and illnesses, and improving the outcomes for their people.
Tackling disparities in achievement of optimal functioning: delivering health services to meet the needs of ethnic minorities
Authors: Carne Sarah 
Published: November 2014

Background: Despite the utilisation of best practice when delivering services, disparities in outcomes exist across ethnic groups. Access to and uptake of services is considered to contribute to these disparities which inhibits the ability of people with disabilities to participate in life to fullest extent. Objective: To investigate barriers experienced by minority cultures when accessing health services and ways in which these barriers can be overcome. Methods: Interviews with clients with spinal cord impairment who belong to minority ethnic groups, service providers and sector experts.Findings: Multiple barriers exist when accessing services; they include language, cultural characteristics and views of disability and appropriateness of services. Culture can have an effect on the whole continuum of care from how the disability is interpreted by the individual and/or family, how they respond to care, their understanding, communication of needs, engagement with the process, and the opportunities to re-connect and participate within their communities. Community providers are aware of the needs of their clients and have strategies to overcome these barriers, however they work in isolation from funding bodies and other organisations and there is a lack of a framework or model that can guide and inform organisations and providers.Discussion: While the research identified a multitude of barriers that can impede access to and uptake of services to people belonging to minority ethnicities, community knowledge can be utilised to overcome a significant number of barriers.Conclusion: A number of recommendations are made to improve access to and uptake of health services including a strategic approach, interagency collaboration, cultural competency training, cultural brokering and disability awareness within the community.
International trends in DM education
Authors: Michelazzi Karen 
Published: November 2014

Background: KMG Health Partners has delivered education, consulting and return to work services to a diverse range of international customers and clients since 1996. Our team has been directly involved in the development of standards of practice across several countries, and has had the opportunity to engage with organisations from the commercial and government sector in Canada, the U.K., Iceland, Norway, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Netherlands, and Sweden.Hypothesis: KMG has worked with organisations that are in various stages of development in their return to work, absence management, and disability management practices. KMG anticipated there would be common challenges, objectives, and desired outcomes amongst most countries.Methods: KMG has modified our education programmes in various countries to ensure that the content is consistent with local legislation, policy, and current standards of practice. This has included discussion and analysis on current local practices, and subsequent recommendations for policy development, standards of practice, and service delivery for workers and employers. KMG regularly reviews and incorporates international best practices established by key agencies, including the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organisation, International Social Services Agency, and NIDMAR.Findings: Most countries have established or demonstrate a desire to establish best practice principles that are consistent with the 7 principles of effective disability management. Training and education that provides a common ideology for all stakeholders and meets both national and international best practice standards was observed to be a critical component to achieving success.Conclusions: There are similarities in the challenges, objectives, and desired outcomes across many countries. Variances can be attributed to factors that include government legislation, cultural beliefs, and pre-existing social programmes. The delivery of training and education that meets national and international best practice standards is a critical component in establishing effective policies and best practice in absence and disability management.
Doctor, I am disabled
Authors: Cunneen Chris 
Published: November 2014

The Australian medical profession is well trained in the assessment and management of a wide range of acute injuries/illnesses. However, the ongoing management of chronic injuries/illnesses and their ultimate assessment for the purposes of Impairment and/or Disability requires a different skill mix and medical perspective. Over the last 2 decades, Australian doctors have become well versed in various methodologies to assess the Permanent Impairment of a claimant/worker/client/patient, as legislated by multiple Australian jurisdictions.The same outcome cannot be said for the assessment and management of injuries/illnesses leading to Disability. Most Australian doctors are not formally trained to understand the concepts of Disability versus Impairment. Some organizations continue to seek Disability medical assessments from the treating doctor only, which may lead to bias and a diminished capacity to return to paid employment.This presentation will cover the issues of Disability assessment and management strategies within Australia, as seen through the eyes of an independent medical assessor.
Building connectedness and confidence
Authors: Hawker Anne 
Published: November 2014

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with disabilities has driven changed expectations on the way in which States are expected to relate to disabled people and assist in building an inclusive society.The World Report on Disabilities has provided both statistical information and examples of best practice including in the employment space.In the employment area, states are expected to provide a leadership role and provide support for private enterprise. Taking a much more partnership approach to the employment of people with disabilities has increased understanding of respective needs and helped shape different conversations. These conversations have been informed by research in to what employers perceive as barriers to employing disabled people. Providing employers with answers to their concerns has provided them with the confidence to employ and retain employees with disabilities. The mainstream approach has moved the discussion away from differences to an understanding that in many situations, this is no different to what is already provided to other employees. Confident employers are likely to provide repeat opportunities and also be good role models for other employers.The world financial crisis has sharpened enterprises understanding of the economic impact of failing to take a proactive approach to their employees. Responsibility for building knowledge is equally shared by the employee and the employer. The employee's direct line manager is has a crucial role in building connectedness for those for whom they have managerial oversight.Demedicalising the way people with disabilities are either retained or enter the workforce will be crucial in building the confidence of employers. Language and culture play an important part in building a connected and confident workplace.
Contextualizing dirty work: The neglected role of cultural, historical, and demographic context
Authors: Ashforth Blake E , Kreiner Glen E 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough perceptions of physically, socially, and morally stigmatized occupations – ‘dirty work’ – are socially constructed, very little attention has been paid to how the context shapes those constructions. We explore the impact of historical trends (when), macro and micro cultures (where), and demographic characteristics (who) on the social construction of dirty work.Historically, the rise of hygiene, along with economic and technological development, resulted in greater societal distancing from dirty work, while the rise of liberalism has resulted in greater social acceptance of some morally stigmatized occupations.Culturally, masculinity tends to be preferred over femininity as an ideological discourse for dirty work, unless the occupation is female-dominated; members of collectivist cultures are generally better able than members of individualist cultures to combat the collective-level threat that stigma inherently represents; and members of high power-distance cultures tend to view dirty work more negatively than members of low power-distance cultures.Demographically, marginalized work tends to devolve to marginalized socioeconomic, gender, and racioethnic categories, creating a pernicious and entrapping recursive loop between ‘dirty work’ and being labeled as ‘dirty people.’
Seasonal differences in food and nutrient intakes among young children and their mothers in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Arsenault Joanne E. , Nikiema Laetitia , Allemand Pauline , Ayassou Kossiwavi A. , Lanou Hermann , Moursi Mourad , De Moura Fabiana F , Martin-Prevel Yves 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt is important to understand and account for seasonal variation in food and nutrient intakes when planning interventions to combat micronutrient deficiencies in resource-poor settings. The objective of the present study was to quantify food and nutrient intakes and assess the adequacy of micronutrient intakes among young children and their mothers during the lean and post-harvest (PH) seasons in rural Burkina Faso. We quantified food intakes by 24-h recall in a representative sample of 480 children aged 36–59 months and their mothers in two provinces in Western Burkina Faso. We calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) of usual intakes of ten micronutrients and an overall mean PA (MPA). Seasonal changes in nutrient intakes and PA were assessed by mixed linear regression and non-parametric tests, respectively. Energy intakes did not differ significantly between seasons for women or children, although the women's intakes were slightly higher in the PH season. Most of the micronutrient intakes were significantly higher in the PH season, with the exception of vitamin A which was lower and vitamin B12 and Zn which were similar across seasons. MPA increased significantly across seasons, from 0·26 to 0·37 for women and from 0·43 to 0·52 for children. PA of Ca, vitamin C, folate and vitamin B12 were very low. Staple grains and vegetables were major sources of micronutrients but intakes were not sufficient to meet nutrient needs for the majority of the subjects. Food-based strategies are needed to increase micronutrient intakes of women and children in Burkina Faso.
Protection against canine parvovirus type 2 infection in puppies by colostrum-derived antibodies
Authors: Mila Hanna , Grellet Aurélien , Desario Costantina , Feugier Alexandre , Decaro Nicola , Buonavoglia Canio , Chastant-Maillard Sylvie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring the first weeks of life puppies remain protected against canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) infection thanks to maternally derived antibodies (MDA) absorbed with colostrum after birth. The objective of the present study was to present the variability in CPV2-specific passive immune transfer and its consequences in puppies naturally exposed to the parvovirus. Seventy-nine puppies from one breeding kennel were included in the study at birth and followed until 56 d of age. Once per week the MDA titre for CPV2 specific antibodies was determined in blood. Viral excretion was also evaluated on a rectal swab by CPV2 PCR assay and puppies were weighed to determine growth rate. At 2 d of age, thirty-four out of seventy-nine puppies (43 %) had MDA ≤1:160 (designed group A) and forty-five puppies (57 %) had greater MDA titres (designed group B). The level of absorbed maternal antibodies was shown to be associated with breed size and growth rate during the first 48 h of life. The MDA level declined with age in all cases; however, the proportion of puppies with the antibody level considered as protective against CPV2 infection was significantly higher in group B compared with A from day 2 until 42. Among all puppies surviving until 56 d of age, sixty-seven out of seventy (95·7 %) underwent CPV2 infection. However, puppies from group A excreted CPV2 significantly earlier than puppies from group B. The present study demonstrates the link between passive immune transfer, in terms of level of specific MDA absorbed, and length of the protection period against parvovirus infection in weaning puppies.
Folic acid supplemented goat milk has beneficial effects on hepatic physiology, haematological status and antioxidant defence during chronic Fe repletion
Authors: Alférez María JM , Rivas Emilio , Díaz-Castro Javier , Hijano Silvia , Nestares Teresa , Moreno Miguel , Campos Margarita S , Serrano-Reina Jose A , López-Aliaga Inmaculada 
Published: November 2014

The aim of the current study was to asses the effect of goat or cow milk-based diets, either normal or Fe-overloaded and folic acid supplement on some aspects of hepatic physiology, enzymatic antioxidant defence and lipid peroxidation in liver, brain and erythrocyte of control and anaemic rats after chronic Fe repletion. 160 male Wistar rats were placed on 40 d in two groups, a control group receiving normal-Fe diet and the Fe-deficient group receiving low Fe diet. Lately, the rats were fed with goat and cow milk-based diets during 30 d, with normal-Fe content or Fe-overload and either with normal folic or folic acid supplemented. Fe-overload increased plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels when cow milk was supplied. Dietary folate supplementation reduced plasma transaminases levels in animals fed goat milk with chronic Fe overload. A remarkable increase in the superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the animals fed cow milk. Dietary folate supplement lead to a decrease on the activity of this enzyme in all the tissues studied with both milk-based diets. A concomitant increment in catalase was also observed. The increase in lipid peroxidation products levels in rats fed cow milk with Fe-overload, suggest an imbalance in the functioning of the enzymatic antioxidant defence. In conclusion, dietary folate-supplemented goat milk reduces both plasma transaminases levels, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect and has beneficial effects in situation of Fe-overload, improving the antioxidant enzymes activities and reducing lipid peroxidation.
Possible signature of Alfvén wave dissipation in the localized magnetic funnels of the equatorial solar corona
Authors: Dwivedi Bhola N. , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Mohan Anita 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We analyse the Hinode/EIS 2″-spectroscopic scan data containing the spectral line formed at typical inner coronal temperature. The strong Fe xii 195.120 Å line shows the existence of funnel-like expanding flux-tubes which exhibit the signature of blue-/red-shifted plasma motions in the off-limb equatorial corona. These coronal funnels expand in the form of open magnetic field channels up to inner coronal heights. They are most likely the parts of large-scale and closed magnetic fields (loops) which exist at higher heights in the diffused equatorial corona. We also find the signature of decreasing line-widths with altitude in observed coronal funnels (e.g., funnel 1), which is the lower part of a curved loop system. This provides the most likely signature of Alfvén wave dissipation in lower part of this loop system. We also examine the blue-shifted and diffused coronal loop boundary and interfaced region (funnel 3) which shows increasing Fe xii 195.120 Å line-width along it. Therefore, it exhibits the most likely signature of Alfvén wave growth in this region which is slightly curved and rising higher in the corona. Density measurements in these funnels show that it falls off with height, but more rapidly in the second funnel. We conjecture the almost constant line-width trend as a most likely signature of Alfvén wave dissipation in this density-stratified second coronal funnel, which is also the lower part of a large-scale closed loop system. Both dissipative and growing Alfvén waves can change the non-thermal component and thus the full width at half-maximum of the Fe xii 195.120 Å line. We find the clues of Alfvén wave dissipation along the expanding field lines of the coronal funnel (lower parts of the loop system) imparting its energy to the outflowing plasma and thereby contributing to the formation of the nascent solar wind in the inner corona.
Observations and modeling of the solar flux emergence
Authors: Toriumi Shin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In a wide variety of magnetic activity phenomena occurring in the Sun, flux emergence is one of the most prominent events. It is important to study flux emergence since this is the process that transports the magnetic flux from the deep interior to the upper atmosphere, creates active regions, and sometimes causes catastrophic flaring eruptions. Recent observations have revealed that flux emergence ranges from the formation of large-scale active regions including sunspots to small-scale events observable only with advanced instruments, covering a very broad spectrum of scale involved. In addition, helioseismology may allow us to investigate the process even before the flux itself appears at the visible surface of the Sun. At the same time, recent development in the numerical modeling of flux emergence opens the door to a further understanding of physical processes, such as resistive and convective emergence. In this paper, we review the observational and numerical progress in the field of flux emergence study, while focusing particularly on three important aspects: emergence in the interior, the first appearance in the surface layer, and their relation with flaring activity. Based on these studies, we also discuss what should be investigated in the future.
The Effects of Hospital Safety Scores, Total Price, Out-of-Pocket Cost, and Household Income on Consumers' Self-reported Choice of Hospitals
Authors: Duke Christopher C. , Smith Brad , Lynch Wendy , Slover Michael 
Published: November 2014

Objectives
The study measured the relative influence of the following 3 factors in consumers' choice of hospitals: (1) cost, (2) out-of-pocket cost, and (3) safety as measured by Leapfrog Hospital Safety Score letter grade.

Methods
Two hospital-choice questions regarding a hypothetical medical procedure were administered to 2357 online respondents. In question 1, respondents were assigned a scenario in which hospital 1 grade (A through D), hospital 2 grade (B through F), and hospital 2 total cost (3 levels) were randomly varied across respondents. In all cases, hospital 2 had a lower safety grade than hospital 1, and hospital 1 cost was held constant. In question 2, scenarios varied out-of-pocket cost rather than total cost. Demographic characteristics, income level, health status, health literacy, and opinions about value were also measured.

Results
On average, 94% and 88% of the respondents chose the safer hospital in questions 1 and 2, respectively. In all but 1 of 30 possible scenarios, where hospital 2 cost the individual $1000 less and was rated a B whereas hospital 1 was rated an A, respondents chose the safer hospital. Higher incomes, higher health literacy, and being female were associated with a stronger preference for hospital 1 (safer). There was a small effect suggesting that approximately 4% of the respondents selected a higher-cost hospital despite lower safety, but it was outweighed by predominant selections of the safer hospital.

Conclusions
When shown Hospital Safety Score and cost information, consumers chose safer hospitals in 97% of cost and safety scenarios.
When meanings blur, do differences matter? Initiatives for improving the quality and integration of care: conceptual matrix or measurement maze?
Authors: El Ansari Walid 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider some notions that are currently in use in integrated care, with the aim of exploring whether these notions improve the quality and integration of care.Design/methodology/approachNotions like “continuity of care”, “coordination of care”, “team‐working” and “partnerships” are some of the wide variety of terms increasingly employed within the range of initiatives and efforts that aim to enhance the quality of health and social care environments for patients and users. While each of these notions seems to represent a worthy cause in the quest for better care, and is accompanied by varying extents of evidence of its effectiveness, conceptual clarity of each notion remains a challenge. This paper undertook a detailed examination of what each of these notions comprises, how it is measured objectively and subjectively, whilst highlighting any apparent overlap between the notions.FindingsFrom the analysis of the four notions, two main patterns of dysfunctional features emerged: the first pattern involved issues of multiple, imprecise and constricted definitions; the second pattern had to do with imprecise or conflicting assessments of how the different notions or dimensions thereof are related to one another.Research limitations/implicationsA review of the literature suggests that the meanings, and consequently the measurement, of these notions could benefit from less ambiguity in order to prevent confusion about what precisely is being implemented and measured.Originality/valueIn order that calls for quality improvement do not become slogan statements, there is an urgent need for integrated framework(s) that add clarity to an already compound web of notions. This could contribute to improving the quality of research and evidence base of this complex field.