Analisis Karakteristik Marine Debris Terhadap Persentase Tutupan Terumbu Karang di Perairan Wangi-Wangi Taman Nasional Wakatobi
Authors: Husmayani Wa Ode , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Ismet Meutia Samira , Natih Nyoman Metta N. , Sallatu Muh Ashry 
Published: August 2024

Based on data from the OECD's Global Plastic Outlook (2022), marine debris in the world has reached 350 million tons, which dominates plastic waste. Indonesia is the second country after Tingkok which produces the most marine debris. Based on the results of the National Waste Management Information System data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) it shows that Indonesia produces 34.85 million tonnes of landfilled waste. Of the total, 12.13 million tonnes of waste per year is not managed in 2022. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Joko Widodo, is very concerned and committed to the waste problem and has a target to reduce marine plastic waste by 70% by 2025 in order to achieve the target set by the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, research on marine debris in coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia is very important information to research. This research was conducted in Wangi-Wangi Waters, Wakatobi Regency on 12-15 September 2023. The aim was to determine the type, abundance and weight of marine debris and its relationship with coral cover in Wangi-Wangi Waters. The marine debris sampling method is based on two characteristics, namely the intertidal zone (sandy beach) using the shoreline survey methodology and the subtidal zone (coral reef ecosystem) using the Belt Transect method (KLHK, 2020). ). Marine debris macro criteria range from (>2.5 cm - <1 m) Based on research results, the dominant abundance of macro marine debris was found to be 187 items/m2 of plastic, followed by wood and its derivatives 162 items/m2, glass 17 items/m2, cloth and its derivatives 12 items/m2 , fiber 12 items/m2, and rubber 8 items/m2. The total weight of macro marine debris in the intertidal zone is 574.10 grams/m2 and the subtidal zone is 178.7 grams/m2. Data on live coral cover ranges from 54.33% to 73.07%, good criteria. The relationship between the abundance of macro marine debris and coral cover has an inverse relationship, the higher the live coral cover, the lower the abundance of macro marine debris in that area. Berdasarkan data OECD’s Global Plastic Outlook (2022) marine debris di dunia telah mencapai sebesar 350 juta ton yang mendominasi sampah plastik. Indonesia menjadi negara peringkat kedua setelah tingkok penghasil marine debris terbanyak. Berdasrakan hasil data sistem informasi pengelolaan sampah Nasional dari KLHK (Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan) menunjukan bahwa Indonesia mengahsilkan 34.85 juta ton timbunan sampah dari total tersebut 12.13 juta tonsampah per tahun sampah tidak di kelola pada tahun (2022). Presiden RI Bapak Joko widodo sangat konsen dan berkomitmen dengan permasalahan sampah dan memiliki target untuk menurunkan sampah plastik laut sebanyak 70% pada tahun 2025 dalam rangka mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan oleh presiden RI. Oleh karena itu maka penelitian marine debris di wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil Indonesia merupakan suatu informasi sangat penting untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Wangi-Wangi, Kabupaten Wakatobi pada 12-15 September 2023. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, kelimpahan,dan berat marine debris serta hubungannya dengan tutupan terumbu karang di Perairan Wangi-Wangi. Metode pengambilan sampel marine debris berdasarkan dua karakteristik yaitu zona intertidal (pantai berpasir) menggunakan metode survei garis pantai (shoreline survey methodology)dan zona subtidal (ekosistem terumbu karang) menggunakan metode Belt Transect atau transek sabuk (KLHK, 2020. Kriteria makro marine debris berkisar (>2.5 cm - <1.0 m) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kelimpahan macro marine debris yang dominan ditemukan yaitu jenis plastik sebanyak 187 item/m2, diikuti kayu dan turunannya 162 item/m2, kaca 17 item/m2, kain dan turunannya 12 item/m2, fiber 12 item/m2, dan karet 8 item/m2. Berat total macro marine debris pada zona intertidal sebesar 574.10 gram/m2 dan zona subtidal sebesar 178.7 gram/m2. Data tutupan karang hidup berkisar 54.33%-7307% kriteria baik. Hubungan kelimpahan macro marine debris dengan tutupan karang memliki hubungan yang berbanding terbalik, semakin tinggi tutupan karang hidup maka semakin rendah maka kelimpahan macro marine debris pada area tersebut.