bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of β‐cryptoxanthin is greater from pasteurized orange juice than from fresh oranges – a randomized cross‐over study
Authors: Aschoff Julian K. , Rolke Christa L. , Breusing Nicolle , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Högel Josef , Carle Reinhold , Schweiggert Ralf M. 
Published: June 2015

ScopeOrange fruits and products thereof represent important dietary sources of carotenoids, particularly β‐cryptoxanthin. Since previous studies reported a positive effect of vegetable processing on carotenoid absorption, our objective was to compare the bioavailability of β‐cryptoxanthin from either fresh navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) or pasteurized orange juice.Methods and resultsThe study was designed as a randomized 2‐way cross‐over study. Twelve volunteers consumed two meals delivering 744 μg of β‐cryptoxanthin from either fresh navel oranges or pasteurized orange juice. Eight blood samples were collected over 9.5 h after test meal consumption and analyzed using HPLC‐DAD. Additionally, carotenoid bioaccessibility was assessed after in vitro digestion of the same test foods. β‐cryptoxanthin bioavailability from pasteurized orange juice was 1.8‐fold higher than from fresh oranges (P = 0.011). Similarly, mean absorption of the non‐dose adjusted carotenoids lutein (P = 0.301), zeaxanthin (P = 0.216), and zeinoxanthin (P = 0.090) were slightly higher from orange juice, although not reaching statistical significance. The in vitro digestion revealed a 5.3‐fold higher bioaccessibility of β‐cryptoxanthin from orange juice. Dietary fiber contents in the test foods were inversely associated with carotenoid bioavailability.ConclusionOrange juice represents a more bioavailable source of β‐cryptoxanthin than fresh oranges.
Dynamic PCr and pH imaging of human calf muscles during exercise and recovery using 31P gradient‐Echo MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Schmid Albrecht Ingo , Meyerspeer Martin , Robinson Simon Daniel , Goluch Sigrun , Wolzt Michael , Fiedler Georg Bernd , Bogner Wolfgang , Laistler Elmar , Krššák Martin , Moser Ewald , Trattnig Siegfried , Valkovič Ladislav 
Published: June 2015

PurposeSimultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved 31P‐MRI data for evaluation of muscle specific energy metabolism, i.e., PCr and pH kinetics.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo sequence for multiple frequency‐selective excitations of the PCr and Pi signals in an interleaved sampling scheme was developed and tested at 7 Tesla (T). The pH values were derived from the chemical shift‐induced phase difference between the resonances. The achieved spatial resolution was ∼2 mL with image acquisition time below 6 s. Ten healthy volunteers were studied performing plantar flexions during the delay between 31P‐MRI acquisitions, yielding a temporal resolution of 9–10 s.ResultsSignal from anatomically matched regions of interest had sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio to allow single‐acquisition PCr and pH quantification. The Pi signal was clearly detected in voxels of actively exercising muscles. The PCr depletions were in gastrocnemius 42 ± 14% (medialis), 48 ± 17% (lateralis) and in soleus 20 ± 11%. The end exercise pH values were 6.74 ± 0.18 and 6.65 ± 0.27 for gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis, respectively, and 6.96 ± 0.12 for soleus muscle.ConclusionSimultaneous acquisition of PCr and Pi images with high temporal resolution, suitable for measuring PCr and pH kinetics in exercise‐recovery experiments, was demonstrated at 7T. This study presents a fast alternative to MRS for quantifying energy metabolism of posterior muscle groups of the lower leg. Magn Reson Med 75:2324–2331, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Ag+ on the Magnetic Response of [2.2.2]Paracyclophane: NMR Properties of a Prototypical Organic Host for Cation Binding Based on DFT Calculations
Authors: MacLeod Carey Desmond , Gomez Tatiana , Morales‐Verdejo Cesar , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe complexation of metal cations into a host–guest situation is particularly well exemplified by [2.2.2]paracyclophane and AgI, which leads to a strong cation–π interaction with a specific face of the host molecule. Through this study we sought a deeper understanding of the effects the metal center has on the NMR spectroscopic properties of the prototypical organic host, generating theoretical reasons for the observed experimental results with an aim to determine the role of the cation–π interaction in a host–guest scenario. From an analysis of certain components of the induced magnetic field and the 13C NMR shielding tensor under its own principal axis system (PAS), the local and overall magnetic behavior can be clearly described. Interestingly, the magnetic response of such a complex exhibits a large axis‐dependent behavior, which leads to an overall shielding effect for the coordinating carbon atoms and a deshielding effect for the respective uncoordinated counterparts, evidence that complements previous experimental results. This proposed approach can be useful to gain further insight into the local and overall variation of NMR shifts for host–guest pairs involving both inorganic and organic hosts.
A Cluster‐Randomized Trial of a Centralized Clinical Pharmacy Cardiovascular Risk Service to Improve Guideline Adherence
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Coffey Christopher S. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Ardery Gail , Ecklund Dixie , Gryzlak Brian , Vander Weg Mark W. , James Paul A. , Christensen Alan J. , Parker Christopher P. , Gums Tyler , Finkelstein Rachel J. , Uribe Liz , Polgreen Linnea A. ,   the MEDication Focused Outpatient Care for Underutilization of Secondary Prevention (MEDFOCUS) trial investigators
Published: June 2015

BackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated the value of including pharmacists in team‐based care to improve adherence to cardiovascular (CV) guidelines, medication adherence, and risk factor control. However, there is limited information on whether these models can be successfully implemented more widely in diverse settings and populations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a centralized, web‐based cardiovascular risk service (CVRS) managed by clinical pharmacists will improve guideline adherence in multiple primary care medical offices with diverse geographic and patient characteristics.MethodsThis study is a prospective trial in 20 primary care offices stratified by the percent of under‐represented minorities and then randomized to either the CVRS intervention or usual care. The intervention will last for 12 months and all subjects will have research visits at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome is the difference in guideline adherence between groups. Data will also be abstracted from the medical record at 24 months to determine if the intervention effect is sustained after it is discontinued.ConclusionsPatient enrollment will continue through 2016, with results expected in 2019. This study will provide information on whether a distant, centralized CVRS can be implemented in large numbers of medical offices, if it is effective in diverse populations, and if there is a long‐term sustained effect.
Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Abuse of an Inhaled, Crushed Oxymorphone Extended‐Release Tablet
Authors: MacDonald Lisa E. , Onsrud Jennifer E. , Mullins‐Hodgin Rita 
Published: June 2015

Oxymorphone, a semisynthetic μ‐opioid receptor agonist, is the major active metabolite of oxycodone. It is a highly potent narcotic analgesic due to its high lipid solubility, which allows it to readily cross the blood‐brain barrier and enter the central nervous system. It is available as both an immediate‐release and extended‐release (ER) formulation. Oxymorphone can be abused by injection or inhalation of crushed tablets; thus, in 2011, the manufacturer of ER oxymorphone reformulated the drug with crush‐resistant technology to deter its misuse and abuse. We describe the case of a previously healthy, 24‐year‐old male who experienced reproducible acute subjective bilateral temporary hearing loss that occurred after inhalation of oxymorphone. He presented to the emergency department complaining of acute bilateral hearing loss after he reported snorting a crushed oxymorphone ER 30‐mg tablet. Emergency department evaluation revealed obvious bilateral hearing loss as well as coincidental aspiration pneumonia. The patient's medical history revealed that he had experienced a similar episode of hearing loss after a previous episode of oxymorphone inhalation. His hearing loss began to improve 3 hours after presentation to the emergency department and was completely resolved by the following day. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale revealed oxymorphone to be a probable cause of this patient's acute hearing loss (score of 6). The mechanism of action of opioid‐associated hearing loss (OAHL) is not completely understood, but it is thought to be due to disturbances within the cochlea, such as cochlear ischemia. To our knowledge, this is only the second published case report of acute reversible hearing loss following oxymorphone inhalation and the first published case report of reproducible OAHL. Since opioid misuse continues to be prevalent despite attempts at reformulations to make the drugs crush resistant, a high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to evaluate and treat patients who present with unique findings after episodes of substance abuse, especially those related to tamper‐resistant formulations.
Enhanced spin capturing polymerization: Numerical investigation of mechanism
Authors: Nikitin Sergey V. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A. , Edeleva Mariya V. , Bagryanskaya Elena G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSimulation on the kinetic scheme of enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCP) were performed to reveal the influence of different parameters, e.g., initiation rate, spin capturing and side reactions on the properties (the monomer conversion, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and the fraction of “living” chains) of polymer obtained. The kinetic scheme of ESCP was solved numerically as well as the method of statistical moments of molecular weight distribution was applied to get some numerical expressions for analysis. The simulations showed that fast initiation rate can lead to decrease of living fraction and broadening of molecular weight distribution. Whereas high rate of spin capturing makes the polymer chains shorter but increases living character. And side reactions always decrease livingness of the polymer obtained. Finally in the case of absence of side reaction we were able to formulate criteria for formation of polymer with target molecular weight and quota of living chains via ESCP process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2546–2556
Experiments and Modeling for Biocidal Effects of Explosives
Authors: Henderson Jason , Longbottom Aron W. , Milne Alec M. , Lightstone James M. , Milby Christopher , Stamatis Demitrios , Svingala Forrest R. , Daniels Anber L. , Bensman Misty , Bohmke Matthew , Miller Kendra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental and modelling study of the biocidal effect of an energetic mixture which is detonated in a closed chamber containing an initial spore distribution. The resulting spore neutralization efficiency is recorded as a function of measured detonation and combustion performance. We also report the results of a range of numerical modelling studies carried out to aid the interpretation of these experiments and to guide future developments. We find that the current energetic mixture (aluminum powder which is shock dispersed by detonation of a central high explosive core) gives variable combustion efficiency. The Al powder ignites on impact with the walls. In the modelling we match the recorded quasi‐static pressures in each experiment and compare predicted spore neutralization with measured values. Using a critical spore temperature for neutralization of 670 K gives a good match to the experiments. We report how neutralization efficiency varies with changes to this temperature. The coupled experimental and modelling approach allows us to suggest requirements for future biocidal energetic materials.
Molecular analysis of cyenopyrafen resistance in the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Khalighi Mousaalreza , Dermauw Wannes , Wybouw Nicky , Bajda Sabina , Osakabe Masahiro , Tirry Luc , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyenopyrafen is a recently developed acaricide with a new mode of action as a complex II inhibitor. However, it was recently shown that cross‐resistance to cyenopyrafen can occur in resistant field strains of Tetranychus urticae, which might be linked to the previous use of classical METI acaricides. Here, we selected for cyenopyrafen resistance and studied the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance.RESULTSSelection for cyenopyrafen resistance confers cross‐resistance to the complex II inhibitor cyflumetofen, but also to pyridaben, a frequently used complex I inhibitor. Cyenopyrafen resistance is highly synergised by piperonyl butoxide, and a 15‐fold higher P450 activity was detected in the resistant strain. Target‐site resistance was not detected. Genome‐wide gene expression data, followed by a meta‐analysis of previously obtained gene expression data, revealed the overexpression specifically of CYP392A11 and CYP392A12.CONCLUSIONSCyenopyrafen resistance is strongly linked to the overexpression of two P450s, which probably explains the observed cross‐resistance. This information is highly valuable, as the novel complex II inhibitors cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen are in the process of worldwide registration. The role of both CYP392A11 and CYP392A12 should be further supported by functional expression, but they are very promising candidates as molecular diagnostic markers for monitoring cyenopyrafen susceptibility in the field. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial Variation in the Hispanic Paradox: Mortality Rates in New and Established Hispanic US Destinations
Authors: Brazil Noli 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA long line of research has shown that despite their lower socioeconomic standing, Hispanics have lower mortality rates relative to Whites. In a separate literature, scholars have shown that Hispanics are increasingly relocating and shifting their destination choices within the US. Using 1999–2010 county‐level national vital statistics data, this paper combines these two research domains by comparing Hispanic and White all‐cause mortality rates and their differentials in new and established Hispanic destinations. The results reveal that the Hispanic mortality advantage in established destinations is much smaller relative to the rest of the nation owing to significantly higher Hispanic mortality rates. Utilising spatial regression techniques, the study also compares the ecological correlates of White and Hispanic mortality rates and their gaps across Hispanic destinations. The results show that the structural factors associated with mortality gaps vary by destination type except for the percent of Hispanics that are recent immigrants, which is associated with a greater Hispanic mortality advantage in all areas. In addition to providing support for a healthy migrant effect, the results also reveal the importance of internal Hispanic migration, which is associated with larger gaps in established areas. Lastly, factors associated with White mortality, particularly local socioeconomic conditions, are associated with larger mortality gaps, specifically in new destinations. The study highlights the increasing need to consider geographic heterogeneity in White and Hispanic health and mortality outcomes given the expanding dispersion of Hispanics into areas that until recently attracted few Latinos. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for determining the 3D spatial orientation of molar microwear
Authors: Tausch Jeremy , Kullmer Ottmar , Bromage Timothy G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMany types of behavioral and dietary information can be extracted from studies of tooth microwear. Some studies have even been successful at determining the overall directionality of microwear in order to establish gross masticatory movement (Williams et al., 2009, PNAS, 106, 11194–11199). However, microwear has never been successfully visualized in situ in 3 dimensions (3D), visualized virtually and quantified. The ability to accomplish this yields information on exact masticatory movement which can then be used to address any number of eco‐biological and physiological questions in extant and extinct organisms. In order to create 3D virtual reality (VR) representation of microwear, fossil molars from the Javanese Sangiran 7 (S7) Homo erectus tooth collection and from historic hunter/gatherer meta‐populations were imaged, the microwear in 3 dimensions was extracted, this information was then placed back on VR representations of the molars and quantified. The methodology contained herein demonstrates the efficacy and importance of such a technique in determining gross masticatory movement in fossil and recent hominin molars. This methodology could, in theory, be applied to any organism which produces microwear on its dentition. Applications in the fields of dentistry, orthodontics, climatology and dietary and habitat reconstructions can also be envisioned. SCANNING 37:446–457, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer Simulation Shows the Effect of Communication on Day of Surgery Patient Flow
Authors: Taaffe Kevin , Fredendall Lawrence , Huynh Nathan , Franklin Jennifer 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo improve patient flow in a surgical environment, practitioners and academicians often use process mapping and simulation as tools to evaluate and recommend changes. We used simulations to help staff visualize the effect of communication and coordination delays that occur on the day of surgery. Perioperative services staff participated in tabletop exercises in which they chose the delays that were most important to eliminate. Using a day‐of‐surgery computer simulation model, the elimination of delays was tested and the results were shared with the group. This exercise, repeated for multiple groups of staff, provided an understanding of not only the dynamic events taking place, but also how small communication delays can contribute to a significant loss in efficiency and the ability to provide timely care. Survey results confirmed these understandings.
3‐D Storybook: Effects on Surgical Knowledge and Anxiety Among Four‐ to Six‐Year‐Old Surgical Patients
Authors: Macindo John Rey B. , Macabuag Katherine R. , Macadangdang Carlo Miguel P. , Macaranas Margaux Valerie S. , Macarilay Marianne Jezelle Jem T. , Madriñan Natasha Nikki M. , Villarama Rouena S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInadequate surgical knowledge potentiates anxiety; however, no methodology simultaneously addresses anxiety and surgical knowledge. Our quasi‐experimental study determined the effectiveness of a three‐dimensional (3‐D) storybook in increasing surgical knowledge and decreasing anxiety among young children scheduled for planned or required major surgeries. We studied 20 randomly assigned participants who received either the 3‐D storybook or traditional health teaching. A presurgical knowledge questionnaire and modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale assessed surgical knowledge and anxiety. Data were analyzed with one‐way and repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that both groups had higher knowledge scores (F = 8.94; P = .008) and lower anxiety scores (F = 5.13; P = .036) after the intervention. The children who received information from the 3‐D storybook exhibited a significantly higher posttest knowledge score (F = 11.71; P = .003) and lower anxiety score (F = 10.05; P = .005) than the traditionally educated group of children. The 3‐D storybook effectively increased surgical knowledge and decreased anxiety and could be used as an alternative method to prepare pediatric surgical patients.
Exploring the influence of chief executive officer professional development and work context on organisation performance: A multi-theoretic perspective
Authors: Taniman Christian A , O’Shannassy Timothy F 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the value the right chief executive officer selection and tenure choices can bring to an organisation is under researched in legal jurisdictions such as Australia where there is strong separation of the role of the chief executive officer and chairperson. The chief executive officer is the key organisation strategist and plays an important role in formulating and implementing strategy as well as keeping the board of directors informed of the work of the executive team. This paper reviews and synthesises the corporate governance literature to develop the argument that a chief executive officer’s professional development background and work context will impact his or her ability to favourably influence organisation performance. A series of research propositions of interest to a range of stakeholders inside and outside the organisation are developed drawing on a number of corporate governance theories (e.g., agency theory, stewardship theory). This conceptual paper develops a substantial future empirical research agenda.
Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Silurian Wenlock–Ludlow boundary succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales
Authors: STEEMAN THOMAS , VANDENBROUCKE THIJS R. A. , WILLIAMS MARK , VERNIERS JACQUES , PERRIER VINCENT , SIVETER DAVID J. , WILKINSON JAMES , ZALASIEWICZ JAN , EMSBO POUL 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSystematic collecting through the upper Wenlock (upper Homerian) and lower Ludlow (Gorstian and lowermost Ludfordian) Silurian rock succession of the Long Mountain, Powys, Wales, identifies some 48 chitinozoan species that distinguish four biozones, two subzones and an interregnum. Consideration of the chitinozoan biozones together with those of the graptolites enables a local three-fold subdivision of the late Homerianlundgrenigraptolite Biozone, and the distinction of lower and upper intervals for the Gorstianincipiensgraptolite Biozone. The base of the Ludlow Series in the Long Mountain more or less equates to the base of theCingulochitinaacme chitinozoan Biozone, although no key chitinozoan first or last appearance datums are associated with the series boundary itself. The new graptolite–chitinozoan biozonation allows enhanced correlation between upper Wenlock and lower Ludlow sedimentary deposits of the Lower Palaeozoic Welsh depositional basin and those of the palaeo-shelf in the stratotype Wenlock and Ludlow areas of Shropshire. Chitinozoans seem affected by the phenomena that caused the late Wenlock ‘Mulde extinction’ in graptolites but, with the final disappearance of 9 species and re-appearance of 11 species following an interval of overall low diversity, they seem to have suffered less severely than their macro-zooplanktonic contemporaries.