bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia: a clean fuel for a cleaner future
Authors: Melo Rodríguez Germán de , Picazo Carreño Alicia 
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the potential of ammonia as a clean fuel for the maritime industry, aiming to achieve the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) ambitious decarbonisation targets. A SWOT analysis is conducted to assess the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats associated with ammonia adoption as marine fuel.
Ammonia boasts advantages like zero CO2 emissions, and higher energy density compared to hydrogen (reducing storage space needed). However, there are challenges such as the high reliance on fossil fuels for current ammonia production, the need for stricter safety protocols and crew training, and potential engine modifications for existing ships.
On the other hand, developing a global green ammonia supply chain presents a significant opportunity for economic development, particularly for countries rich in renewable energy sources. Technological advancements in storage solutions and ammonia's ability to act as a hydrogen carrier further enhance its appeal.
Some of the identified threats are the requirement of significant investments in infrastructure, ship modifications, and green ammonia production facilities. Standardized regulations and public acceptance regarding ammonia safety remain hurdles to overcome. The emergence of competing zero-carbon alternatives also presents a potential threat.
Safety considerations of using ammonia as fuel require studies to identify potential hazards and risks and what safeguards should be implemented to prevent or mitigate the major hazards. One of the key preventive measures is crew training. Standardized training programs focused on the properties, safe handling procedures, and emergency response protocols for ammonia as a fuel are crucial.
Demographic Characteristics and Factors Associated with Acute Scaphoid Fractures: An Analysis of 903 Patients
Authors: Siddiqui Hassan , Bridges Tiffany N. , Kasper Alexis A. , Queenan Natalia , Radack Tyler M. , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of scaphoid fractures is crucial to aid in diagnosing and treating patients with suspected injuries. The study aims to assess demographic characteristics and factors associated with acute scaphoid fractures in adults. Methods A retrospective review identified all patients with acute scaphoid fractures over four years at a single institution. Data collected included baseline demographics (age, biological sex, race, and ethnicity), body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, pertinent medical history, and treatment modality. Laterality, location, and displacement of the fracture were confirmed on radiographic analysis. Results A total of 903 scaphoid fractures were included. The majority of fractures occurred in males (n=570, 63%) and were in the left hand (54%), unilateral (99%), nondisplaced (71%), and treated definitively with nonoperative management (71%). Nearly two-thirds (66%) of fractures occurred along the scaphoid waist, followed by the distal third of the scaphoid (25%). Proximal third fractures accounted for the smallest proportion of scaphoid fractures (8.6%) but had the highest displacement and surgical intervention rates compared to waist and distal third fractures. Younger age, male sex, fractures of the proximal third, and displaced fractures had higher odds of being treated surgically. Conclusion The scaphoid is one of the most frequently fractured carpal bones. Young adult males may be at an increased risk for injury. Patients with displaced fractures and those involving the proximal third require surgical intervention at higher rates.
Osteoporosis Treatment Strategies: Current Concepts
Authors: Weiser Michael , Johns William , Hozack Bryan 
Published: June 2024

Osteoporosis is a common condition, affecting 19.6% of women over 50 and 4.4% of men over 50. Fragility fractures are a common complication associated with osteoporosis and carry a significant risk of subsequent morbidity and mortality, particularly hip fractures. Several factors, including estrogen withdrawal during menopause, sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrition, smoking, and genetics, can predispose individuals to osteoporosis. Diagnosis is based on a history of fragility fracture, decreased bone mineral density on dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, and fracture risk factors assessed using the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Treatments can be medical or non-medical. Medical management of osteoporosis falls into two categories: anti-resorptive and anabolic therapies. Anti-resorptive therapies such as bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), denosumab, and calcitonin function by decreasing osteoclast function and number. Anabolic therapies include parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs and sclerostin inhibitors, which upregulate the Wnt transcription factor pathway to stimulate bone formation. Non-medical interventions such as nutrition optimization, weight-bearing exercise, and smoking cessation should be recommended and can benefit osteoporosis patients.
Evaluation of Isolated Metacarpal Fracture Characteristics: An Analysis of 4441 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Nemirov Daniel , Kasper Alexis , Siddiqui Hassan , Ilyas Asif M 
Published: June 2024

Objectives This study aimed to assess the current epidemiologic attributes of isolated metacarpal fractures. Patient and fracture-related characteristics were included. Methods Patients presenting consecutively to a single large academic practice over five years with single acute metacarpal fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline demographics and fracture-specific data were collected, including metacarpal involvement, location (base, neck, shaft), fracture laterality, and displacement. Patient data was compiled using CPT and ICD codes. Results A total of 4441 patients were included. The average patient age was 42.4 (with a standard deviation of 22.2 years), and most patients who were treated for metacarpal fractures in this investigation were men (2848/4441; 64.1%). The average BMI was 26.0 (± 5.87). Metacarpal fractures occurred most frequently on the right hands of patients (2778/4441; 62.6% of all fractures), and 51.7% of all fractures under investigation were displaced (2295/4441). Fractures of the fifth metacarpal were the most common (57.7% of all metacarpal fractures). Fractures of the fourth metacarpal were the second most common (17.0% of all fractures). Subsequently, in descending order of frequency, were third, first, and second metacarpal fractures (9.3%, 9.2%, and 6.5%, respectively). Fractures of the metacarpal shaft were most common by a narrow margin, followed by those of the metacarpal neck (36.5% and 35.1%, respectively). Fractures of the metacarpal base occurred least, but not uncommonly, in this study (27.1%). Conclusions This large-volume practice retrospective review identified the most common isolated metacarpal fracture presentation as the fifth metacarpal fracture in male patients, involving the shaft and neck. Level of Evidence III
Forms of entire solutions of partial differential difference equations with constant coefficients
Authors: Ding Xin , Zheng Xiu Min Zheng 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to describe the transcendental entire solutions of quadratic trinomial partial differential equations (PDDEs) with constant coefficients. We establish theorems on the forms of finite order transcendental entire solutions for such PDDEs, which generalize and improve previous theorems. Some examples confirm the existence and the forms of transcendental entire solutions with finite order of such equations.
For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2024/37/abstr.html
Keadilan Sosial di dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Syahriar Irman , Bazarah Jamil , Khairunnisah Khairunnisah 
Published: June 2024

Keadilan sebenarnya ada dimana-mana, sebagaimana hukum-pun juga ada dimana-mana. Keadilan dapat muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, baik keadilan sosial, ekonomi, politik dan sebagainya, akan tetapi semuanya memang mahal harganya. Hukum nasional (yang dalam bahasa akademik disebut hukum positif), tidak bisa menjadi penjamin terwujudnya keadilan itu Keadilan, kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan, tidak akan jatuh dari langit, dan tidak akan hadir sebagai bagian kehidupan manusia tidak berusaha untuk mendapatkannya. Bahkan, terkadang manusia (baik secara individu maupun kelompok) telah berusaha secara maksimal dengan mendayagunakan akal pikirannya, akan tetapi keadilan, kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan tetap jauh juga dari kenyataan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Hukum dan kekuasaan dalam mewujudkan keadilan sosial masyarakat. Bagaimana hokum dan Keadilan Sosial Dalam UUD 1945. Mempergunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan titikberat pada penulusuran studi pustaka, dengan cara menelaah (terutama) data sekunder yang berupa: bahan hukum primer, yiatu UUD NRI 1945 dan bahan hukum sekunder diperoleh melalui pengkajian hasil penelitian, seminar, buku-buku, jurnal ilmiah yang memuat doktrin dari para pakar. Proses analisis digunakan metode analisis kualitatif.
Effectiveness of Acupressure For Dysmenorhore Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Sri Wahono Alif , Putri Asad Andiza Fandiza Rizkina , Tri Subagia Rillo , Nur Alfiah Dini 
Published: June 2024

Constipation is the most common problem in the elderly with a prevalence of 3.8%-6.3% in Indonesia. Abdominal massage or abdominal massage is non-invasive that is easy to apply without causing side effects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Abdominal Massage (AM) on constipation in the elderly. Literature review research was conducted using PICO searches in several databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed. There were 9 journals that met the criteria and showed the results that Abdominal Massage performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks, with a duration of 15 minutes applied with moderate pressure (2 cm depth) and 2 hours after eating with p- value< 0.05 showed a significant effect on decreased constipation symptoms in the form of abdominal pain, stool frequency, straining during defecation and prevention of constipation in both the elderly and stroke patients. It can be concluded that abdominal massage is effective in reducing constipation symptoms and also preventing constipation.
Optimization Of Web Based Academic Information System Design To Increase Efficiency In Junior High Schools
Authors: Prasetyo Eka Putra Fauzan , Moh Riski  , Riyan  , Yayu Rahma Febriani  , Muhammad Umar Mansyur  
Published: June 2024

School is a system consisting of components that are interrelated and influence each other to achieve one goal. In an effort to achieve school goals, a lot of data processing is carried out. However, middle school academic data processing, especially around me, is still done manually and is still less effective and efficient. Manual processes are error-prone, time-consuming, and often lead to data inconsistencies. By designing this web-based academic information system, it is hoped that it can increase efficiency and effectiveness in processing data and accessing data quickly. The design of this system is expected to be able to manage student data, teacher data, class data, schedule data and student grade data efficiently. Web-based solutions provide the flexibility to access the system from anywhere, which is especially useful for teachers, students and administrative staff. This accessibility will facilitate better communication and collaboration between all stakeholders in the school environment. Additionally, features such as automatic report generation, attendance tracking, and real-time updates will significantly reduce the administrative workload and allow teachers to focus more on educational activities. By implementing this web-based academic information system, the school environment is expected to experience positive impacts, including increased data accuracy, better resource allocation, and increased decision-making abilities. Ultimately, the system aims to support the school's mission of providing quality education and fostering an environment where students can thrive academically. The successful implementation of this system will become a model for other schools that want to modernize their academic data management processes
Risk Factors for MCID Drop-Off in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Patel Madhav R. , Jacob Kevin C. , Parsons Alexander W. , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Lynch Conor P. , Prabhu Michael C. , Pawlowski Hanna , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2024

Background Some patients may achieve a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) at an early postoperative time point, but these are not always retained long-term. We aim to characterize risk factors for regressing below a level of meaningful improvement in patients who had previously achieved an MCID following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods A prospectively maintained surgical database was retrospectively reviewed for ACDF procedures. PROMs including visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), 12-Item Short Form Physical Component Summary (SF-12 PCS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS PF), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were administered at preoperative and postoperative time points. MCID achievement was assessed by comparing postoperative improvements in PROM scores from preoperative baseline to the previously established threshold values. Results A total of 351 ACDF patients were included: 204 patients underwent single level procedures and 147 underwent multi-level ACDF. The greatest proportions of patients achieved MCID for VAS neck at 6-months (56.3%), VAS arm at 6-months (38.5%), NDI at 6-months (68.1%), SF-12 PCS at 6-months (45.1%), and PROMIS-PF at 1-year (69.0%) Significant predictors for MCID drop-off were: Preoperative PHQ-9 (RR 1.1, p=0.011) , smoker status (RR 2.2, p=0.038) and preoperative VAS arm (RR 1.2, p=0.001) for VAS arm , none for NDI, and BMI (RR 1.1, p=0.006) for PROMIS PF. Conclusion Highest rates of MCID achievement were 6-months following ACDF. Higher BMI, greater preoperative arm pain, smoking, and depression identified as significant risk factors for MCID drop-off for various PROMs. Male sex and anterior cervical plating were factors against regression of previously attained MCID for SF-12 PCS and VAS neck, respectively. Understanding the relationship between preoperative risk-inducing and protective variables for MCID drop-off may allow for earlier management of modifiable risk factors to maintain long-term clinical benefits following ACDF. Discussing factors influencing MCID drop-off with patients may allow for better matching of expectations among provider and patient and ultimately lead to improved satisfaction.
Location of Disc Herniation May Affect Outcomes Following Lumbar Decompression
Authors: Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Lynch Conor P. , Patel Shivam , Collins Andrew P. , Pawlowski Hanna , Prabhu Michael C. , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2024

Objective While prior literature have compared postoperative outcomes between surgical and non surgical options based on lumbar disc herniation location and size, postoperative outcome evaluation of decompressive surgical interventions by disc herniation location and size are sparse. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of different Lumbar disc herniations (LDH) on patient reported outcomes (PROMs) following minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MIS LD). Methods MIS LD procedures were identified from a surgical database. PROMs, including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back/VAS leg/Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)/ Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS)/ Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System- physical Function (PROMIS- PF)/ Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement was calculated. Patients were grouped by herniation location and size as follows: paracentral/central with a massive, extruded lumbar disc (HNP I); extraforaminal/far lateral lumbar disc herniation (HNP II). Improvements in PROMs were evaluated using a paired Student’s t-test. Differences in mean scores and variations in MCID achievement rates between groups at each timepoint were evaluated using a simple logistic regression. Results The study cohort included 142 patients. Groups differed in age, insurance collected, and hypertension. HNP I patients demonstrated significant improvements in ODI, SF-12 PCS, PROMIS PF, and PHQ-9 through the 2-year timepoint. HNP II patients demonstrated significant improvements through 12-weeks for SF-12 PCS and PROMIS PF, and through 6-months for ODI, and only at the 6-month timepoint for PHQ-9 . Location and size of herniations demonstrated a significant effect on outcomes for VAS leg, ODI, SF-12 PCS, PROMIS PF, and PHQ-9 at intermittent timepoints, all). LDHs properties did not impact MCID achievement rates . Conclusion Depending on the size and location of a herniation, patients may experience varying degrees of improvement throughout their course of postoperative recovery but will ultimately arrive at a similar resolution of symptoms.
Completion Rates for PROMIS Physical Function Surveys Compared with Legacy PROMs in Patients Undergoing Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Geoghegan Cara E. , Pawlowski Hanna , Prabhu Michael C. , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2024

Objective The aim of this study is to compare completion between PROMIS physical function (PF) and legacy PROMs among cervical spine patients. Methods A surgical registry was reviewed for cervical spine procedures performed from May 2015 to June 2020. Patient demographics, spinal pathologies, and perioperative characteristics were recorded. Legacy PROMs included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and 12-Item Short-Form physical component summary (SF-12 PCS). All outcome measures were collected preoperatively and up to 2-years postoperatively. Descriptive statistics were performed. McNemar’s test compared completion rates for individual PROMs at each timepoint. Overall longitudinal completion rates were compared between PROMIS-PF and legacy PROMs using a paired t-test. Results A total of 302 patients were included. Most patients had a spinal pathology of herniated nucleus pulposus (80.8%). Survey completion rates were significantly lower for PROMIS-PF compared to legacy PROMs from the preoperative through 6-months postoperative timepoint (all p<0.001) and were significantly greater for PROMIS-PF at the 2-year timepoint (p<0.001). Completion rates did not significantly differ at 1-year (all p>0.170). Overall completion rates were significantly lower for PROMIS-PF (p<0.001). Conclusion A greater proportion of cervical spine patients completed legacy PROMs at preoperative and earlier postoperative timepoints. This difference was resolved by 1-year postoperatively and reversed by 2-years. Overall, patients completed a smaller percentage of assigned PROMIS-PF surveys than legacy PROMs. Although overall completion rates were lower for PROMIS-PF, patients may be more likely to complete PROMIS than legacy PROMs at long-term follow up.
Kasih dan Keadilan Allah Berdasarkan Amos 2:6-16
Authors: Prissila Amita 
Published: June 2024

Allah mengetahui semua perbuatan manusia yang dilakukan dalam seluruh kehidupan manusia. Allah sangat membenci dosa. Allah ingin menunjukkan bahwa dosa yang dilakukan oleh Israel sudah sangat banyak. Dosa membuat relasi manusia dengan Allah menjadi rusak dan dosa juga membuat relasi manusia dengan sesama rusak. Allah adalah adil, oleh sebab itu setiap manusia yang berbuat dosa harus dihukum. Allah memberikan hukuman kepada Israel tidak dapat ditarik kembali. Meskipun Allah adalah adil, Allah juga adalah Allah yang kasih. Allah adalah Allah yang sangat mengasihi manusia sehingga Allah selalu memperingatkan manusia ketika manusia melakukan perbuatan dosa. Bangsa Israel sudah berbuat dosa berulang-ulang sehingga membuat Tuhan tidak pernah melupakan dosa mereka dan akhirnya Tuhan akan menghukum Israel. Perbuatan jahat Israel telah diamat-amati Tuhan, dan Tuhan sudah menunggu-nunggu perubahan sikap mereka. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa dosa yang dilakukan oleh Israel sebenarnya lama selalu diamat-amati oleh Allah dan sebenarnya Allah sudah lama menunggu bangsa Israel bertobat. Tetapi justru semakin berbuat dosa. Sehingga Allah membuat keputusan dengan mengatakan “Aku tidak akan menarik kembali keputusan-Ku”.
Penulisan artikel ini penulis menggunakan Metode penelitian literatur atau kajian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan pemaparan deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif dengan cara melakukan penafsiran (Hermeneutik), eksegese (menggali Alkitab) dan Eksposisi (memaparkan maksud dan tujuan teks).
Hasil dari penelitian tentang Kasih dan Keadilan Allah Berdasarkan Amos 2:6-16 dapat diartikan bahwa hukuman yang sudah diputuskan atau ditetapkan oleh Tuhan tidak dapat di ubah-ubah lagi. Tuhan telah mengambil keputusan dan itu tidak dapat ditarik lagi. Pada akhirnya Tuhan menghukum Israel. Allah sangat mengasihi Israel, tetapi Israel tidak peka terhadap suara Allah dan teguran Allah. Oleh karena itu Tuhan menghukum Israel. Setiap manusia seharusnya peka terhadap suara Allah yang memperingatkan manusia dan manusia harus mengambil keputusan untuk bertobat. Jika manusia bertobat maka Allah yang kasih akan menyelamatkan manusia. Manusia juga harus sadar bahwa Allah tidak hanya memiliki sifat kasih saja, tetapi manusia harus sadar bahwa Allah juga Adil, sehingga manusia yang melakukan perbuatan dosa dan tidak mau mendengarkan terguran-Nya, maka akan mendapatkan hukuman dari Allah yang tidak dapat diubah kembali. Oleh sebab itu manusia harus taat kepada ketetapan Allah dan percaya sungguh-sungguh kepada-Nya supaya tidak mendapatkan hukuman. Setiap orang percaya harus menjaga perbuatannya terhadap sesama. Orang percaya harus bersikap adil terhadap sesama. Hal ini didasarkan kasih terhadap sesama manusia. Kasih dan keadilan Allah yang telah diterima oleh orang percaya harus diwujudnyatakan terhadap sesama.
3.	THE SOURCES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON LABOR LAW.
Authors: Benevides Camila Martins dos Santos 
Published: June 2024

3.	THE SOURCES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON LABOR LAW. 3.1	COMPETENCE OF THE EU AND COMPETENCE OF THE MEMBER STATES	51 3.2	NORMS ON LABOR LAW AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY	54 3.3	THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SOURCES OF LABOR LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE	58 3.4	MAIN INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS AND THOSE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ON REMOTE WORK	61 3.5	DIRECTIVES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION WITH THEMES THAT IMPACT ON REMOTE WORK	67 3.5.1	The directive related to transparent and predictable conditions of work – Directive (EU) 2019/1152	67 3.5.2	The directive on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive – Directive (EU) 2019/1158	71 3.5.3	The Working Time Directive in the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC and the European Parliament Resolution of 21 January 2021 74