bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of phytoplankton blooms in Antarctic coastal water with an online mooring system during summer 2010/11
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Zhang Fang , Yang Haizhen , Lin Ling , He Jianfeng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn order to continuously monitor the phytoplankton growth in Antarctic coastal waters, an online mooring system was deployed in Great Wall Bay (unofficial name), King George Island, and both chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and environmental variables were monitored in a period between December 2010 and March 2011. Water temperatures showed a significant increasing trend (0.27–2.52°C), whereas the salinities displayed a decreasing trend (34.19–33.86). In general, phytoplankton biomass accumulated from mid-December and two significant blooms developed in January (3.18 μg l-1 and 4.75 μg l-1) and were then maintained at a relatively high level, with a transient bloom in late February (4.93 μg l-1). Sea-ice meltwater and terrestrial freshwater input caused by the increase of temperature played an important role in inducing phytoplankton blooms in early summer. The variation and stratification of temperature and salinity signals in different water layers, without total mixing, suggested lateral intrusion of oceanic waters with alternating levels of temperature and salinity and, presumably, phytoplankton as well. Meanwhile, chl a concentrations initially decreased with an increase in irradiance, indicating the shade-adapted characteristic of phytoplankton in early summer, and then gradually adapted to the increasing irradiance. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness and reliability of the online coastal mooring system for the monitoring of Antarctic coastal phytoplankton bloom and environmental conditions.
What do we think life is? A simple illustration and its consequences
Authors: Bains William 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe conundrum of finding a ‘definition’ for life can be side-stepped by asking how people actually identify examples of life, and using this as the basis for life detection strategies. I illustrate how astrobiologists actually select things that are living from things that are not living with a simple exercise, and use this as the starting point to develop four characteristics that underlie their decisions: highly distinctive structure (physical or chemical), dynamic behaviour (physical or chemical), multiple instances of life forming a ‘natural group’ and that the structural and dynamic characteristics of the group are independent of the details of the substrate on which life is growing. I show that these all derive the role of a code in the dynamic maintenance and propagation of life. I argue that evolution is neither a useful nor a practical way of identifying life. I conclude with some specific ways that these general categories of the observable properties of life can be detected.
RecG and UvsW catalyse robust DNA rewinding critical for stalled DNA replication fork rescue
Authors: Manosas Maria , Perumal Senthil K. , Bianco Piero R. , Ritort Felix , Benkovic Stephen J. , Croquette Vincent 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHelicases that both unwind and rewind DNA have central roles in DNA repair and genetic recombination. In contrast to unwinding, DNA rewinding by helicases has proved difficult to characterize biochemically because of its thermodynamically downhill nature. Here we use single-molecule assays to mechanically destabilize a DNA molecule and follow, in real time, unwinding and rewinding by two DNA repair helicases, bacteriophage T4 UvsW and Escherichia coli RecG. We find that both enzymes are robust rewinding enzymes, which can work against opposing forces as large as 35 pN, revealing their active character. The generation of work during the rewinding reaction allows them to couple rewinding to DNA unwinding and/or protein displacement reactions central to the rescue of stalled DNA replication forks. The overall results support a general mechanism for monomeric rewinding enzymes.
Infernal 1.1: 100-fold faster RNA homology searches
Authors: Nawrocki Eric P. , Eddy Sean R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Summary: Infernal builds probabilistic profiles of the sequence and secondary structure of an RNA family called covariance models (CMs) from structurally annotated multiple sequence alignments given as input. Infernal uses CMs to search for new family members in sequence databases and to create potentially large multiple sequence alignments. Version 1.1 of Infernal introduces a new filter pipeline for RNA homology search based on accelerated profile hidden Markov model (HMM) methods and HMM-banded CM alignment methods. This enables ∼100-fold acceleration over the previous version and ∼10 000-fold acceleration over exhaustive non-filtered CM searches.
Availability: Source code, documentation and the benchmark are downloadable from http://infernal.janelia.org. Infernal is freely licensed under the GNU GPLv3 and should be portable to any POSIX-compliant operating system, including Linux and Mac OS/X. Documentation includes a user’s guide with a tutorial, a discussion of file formats and user options and additional details on methods implemented in the software.
Contact: nawrockie@janelia.hhmi.org
Efficient finite-element computation of far-fields of phased arrays by order reduction
Authors: Sommer Alexander , Farle Ortwin , Dyczij-Edlinger Romanus 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The article aims to present an efficient numerical method for computing the far-fields of phased antenna arrays over broad frequency bands as well as wide ranges of steering and look angles.

Design/methodology/approach
– The suggested approach combines finite-element analysis, projection-based model-order reduction, and empirical interpolation.

Findings
– The reduced-order models are highly accurate but significantly smaller than the underlying finite-element models. Thus, they enable a highly efficient numerical far-field computation of phased antenna arrays. The frequency-slicing greedy method proposed in this paper greatly reduces the computational costs for constructing the reduced-order models, compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Research limitations/implications
– The frequency-slicing greedy method is intended for use with matrix factorization methods. It is not applicable when the underlying finite-element system is solved by iterative methods.

Practical implications
– In contrast to conventional finite-element models of phased antenna arrays, reduced-order models are very cheap to evaluate. Hence, they provide an enabling technology for computing radiation patterns over broad frequency bands and wide ranges of steering angles.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a two-step model-order reduction method for efficiently computing the far-field patterns of phased antenna arrays. The suggested frequency-slicing greedy method constructs the reduced-order models in a systematic fashion and improves computing times, compared to existing methods.
An institutional approach: organizational performance, norms and values
Authors: Peterson Michael R. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThis case study was undertaken as a process consultation in a non‐profit Christian church which has experienced a general decline in attendance in addition to a particular problem characterized as a habit of late arrival at the primary Sunday worship service. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis case study was designed as an action research project using appreciative inquiry and institutional theory in the structuralist tradition. This combined methodological approach was effectively used to identify core values and norms inherent in the organization and functioning of the church.FindingsResults confirmed the premise of a habit of late arrival and indicated that there was little focus or support by congregants on the traditions and practices that occur early in the church service. Great value was placed on the overall environment, teaching and messaging that occurred from the sermons which begin approximately 45 minutes after the start of the service. Validation and review of the possibility propositions resulted in a reorganization of the primary Sunday worship service resulting in increased attendance and on time performance.Originality/valueThis case study finds that methods inherent in institutional analysis and appreciative inquiry can be effectively combined to identify gaps in organizational goals and performance which are direct results of encapsulated organizational traditions. It is anticipated that the methodological approach in this study is generally applicable to organizations of various types.
The quest for quality education: the case of curriculum innovations in Kenya
Authors: W. Bunyi Grace 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The paper sets out to analyse the quality education curriculum innovations that have been implemented in Kenya since independence in 1963. The purpose of the analysis is to assess the success and or failure of the innovations and determine the lessons learned that can inform future design and implementation of curriculum innovations designed to improve the quality of education.

Design/methodology/approach
– This was a desk review of curriculum policy documents and related research literature. The documents analysed included various education commission reports produced by education commissions, committees and task forces appointed to inquire into education and make recommendations to government; primary school syllabuses and related research literature.

Findings
– The review has revealed that the curriculum innovations recommended and implemented in Kenya have targeted the attainment of the goals of individual and national economic development; national identity and unity; socio-cultural, moral and ethical development; cognitive development and globalization; and psycho-social skills development. Many of the innovations have not been implemented effectively. Impediments to effective implementation have included hasty implementation, limited in-service training for teachers, inadequate ongoing professional support for teachers, and inadequate resources.

Research limitations/implications
– Achieving effective curriculum innovation is not easy. It requires greater participation in curriculum decision making, patience in training those in various levels of the curriculum implementation process and enormous resources.

Originality/value
– In adopting content analysis as a methodology, the paper constitutes a unique contribution to the study of curriculum innovation in Kenya.
Positive steps to end negativity in the workplace
Authors: Bagga Gaurav 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to consider workplace negativity from an individual and organizational perspective.Design/methodology/approachIt underlines the upfront and hidden costs of workplace negativity and suggests some ways to deal with it.FindingsIt highlights the importance of ensuring that every report of workplace negativity is properly investigated and that a fair and proper outcome is achieved.Practical implicationsThe paper urges the need for a small team of HR experts to resolve conflicts between employees. Members of this conflict‐resolution team need to be senior managers or employees, and capable of understanding human behavior in various situations.Social implicationsIt draws attention to a problem that is costly for individual employees, organizations and society as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper deals with a topic that is little discussed in mainstream human‐resource management.
Is teamwork the problem or the solution?
Authors: Hall Kevan 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to advance the view that complex organizations rely too much on teamwork, resulting in lower productivity. Design/methodology/approach – It observes that many organizations are moving away from the hierarchical, command‐and‐control style of working, in favor of greater collaboration across departments, territories and different organizations. This is known as a matrix organization. The reasons for developing a matrix structure are commendable. However, if implemented poorly, a matrix structure will slow down decision‐making, increase the number of meetings, increase costs and create mistrust and resentment in the workplace. Findings – This paper highlights research by training and consultancy firm Global Integration which shows that people in large and complex organizations spend, on average, two days a week on meetings, calls and web meetings, and 50 percent of that time is wasted. Practical implications – It examines what is really meant by “a team”, and identifies which structures are suitable for maximum efficiency. Originality/value – The paper targets senior leaders and HR directors with a responsibility for organizational structure and team leadership. It provides thought‐leadership and best‐practice for virtual teams.
The subsidiarity rule: the unjust enrichment doctrine in construction law
Authors: Jorge Aimite 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the subsidiarity rule in unjust enrichment and challenge some of its theoretical foundations and its unqualified application in unjust enrichment law as a whole.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a comparative approach with South African and Brazilian laws as the main reference points, but it extends the analysis to common‐law jurisdictions elsewhere. It explores the extent and limits of the applicability of the rule in claims arising from the built environment. It analyses the interaction between the subsidiarity rule and the defence of change of position.FindingsIt concludes that, in three party cases, subcontractors may be able to use enrichment actions against owners to obtain an adequate redress. The exclusion of enrichment claims where there is a consensual distribution of risks and rewards normatively operates to validate any transferred benefit and eliminates any prospective normative gain or loss. However, policy‐based claims for unjust enrichment can be made even in the presence of such bargains.Originality/valueThe paper pioneers the analysis of subsidiarity rule in the specific context of the built environment. It presents an original examination of the interaction between the subsidiarity rule and change of position defence.
The effectiveness of time bar clauses following the high court in decision in Andrews v. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group
Authors: Davenport Philip , Brand Michael C. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeIn Australia, compulsory rapid adjudication under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW) (or the equivalent legislation another Australian State or Territory) is a common way that payment claims under commercial construction contracts are decided. Construction contracts often contain penalty clauses. In particular, time bar clauses have been used to impose a penalty upon claimants and are frequently raised by a respondent as a reason for withholding payment. In the recent case of Andrews v. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group [2012] HCA 30 (“the Andrews case”), decided by the high court of Australia, the court has described how Australian courts must deal with penal provisions in contracts. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effectiveness of time bar clauses in the light of the penalty doctrine enunciated in the Andrews case.Design/methodology/approachA “black‐letter” approach is adopted to analyse and explain the effectiveness of time bar clauses in the light of the penalty doctrine enunciated in the Andrews case.FindingsIn the Andrews case, the high court decided that a penalty may arise where there is a stipulation in a contract in favour of a second party and upon the failure of that stipulation (the primary stipulation) there is a secondary stipulation that imposes on the first party an additional detriment to the benefit of the second party. If the second party can be compensated for the failure of the primary stipulation then to the extent that the additional detriment imposed on the first party exceeds that compensation, it is a penalty. In the context of time bar clauses, if a construction contract provides that when one party (the first party) fails, within a time prescribed by the contract, to give the other party (the second party) notice of a claim for extra remuneration or an extension of time, the consequence is that the first party forfeits an entitlement to be paid money that the party would otherwise be entitled to claim, or the first party becomes liable to pay the second party money, the penalty doctrine might apply.Originality/valueThe penalty doctrine is applicable to all contracts. The analysis of the Andrews case presented in this paper may be of interest in international jurisdictions, particularly where statutory adjudication for the construction industry has been introduced or is being contemplated.
A study of environmentally relevant behavior in university residence halls
Authors: Erlene Parece Tammy , Younos Tamim , Grossman Lawrence S. , Geller E. Scott 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to report on a study promoting energy conservation on Virginia Tech's campus. It explores whether the behavior of students living in university residence halls would change when various electricity conservation strategies are introduced.Design/methodology/approachIntervention strategies, including educational media, information, and voluntary resource‐conservation activities, were applied at varying levels of intensity across five study groups over two semesters in 2009. Additional questions explore whether one particular strategy would produce higher consumption reductions, and whether combining strategies would produce more consumption reductions than individual techniques.FindingsThe findings revealed that on a campus where environmentally sustainability is foremost in the minds of students and administration, asking students to take action to reduce their consumption resulted in positive consumption reductions, even in the control group. Additive strategies did not produce higher reductions.Social implicationsReducing natural resource consumption in the USA is essential to promote worldwide sustainability. This study shows that, even when people see no financial incentive to reduce consumption, consumption reductions can be achieved.Originality/valueNumerous studies have been completed since the 1970s in households across the world to promote environmentally relevant behavior (ERB). Sustainability action plans are being implemented on university campuses, but literature on promoting ERB in students residing on university campuses is sparse. This study provides information and a format for colleges/universities worldwide to promote ERB on their campuses.
A (closer) look at collaboration using wikis
Authors: Vasquez Mauricio , E. Potter Richard 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Wikis have been gaining attention in the practitioner and academic literature, suggesting their use as knowledge repositories in organizational environments and even as collaborative tools for reviewing scholarly publications. And yet, little is known about factors that foster or discourage use of this technology. The purpose of this paper is to take a closer look at collaboration using wikis.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors look at an academic exercise using wikis in a college classroom to leverage collaboration among students. Taking elements from similar artifacts such as groupware technology, this research evaluates a model that explores the significance of perceptions of complexity and critical mass on wiki adoption.

Findings
– Results show a strong acceptance of wikis among students despite not being familiar with this type of technology. Furthermore, outcomes show that students were influenced by the actions taken collectively by their peers, resulting in improved collaboration and participation.

Originality/value
– The paper offers new insights into the subject of collaboration using wikis.
Virtual-team-community-of-practice (VTCoP) theory can inform online course delivery
Authors: Philpott Elly , Pike David 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– As higher education becomes an increasingly global commodity, the rush is on to embrace best practice in the delivery of online courses. This author advocates that the delivery of such courses be treated as management of a Virtual team community of practice (VTCoP) and as such, delivering academics should embrace relevant theory and tools in this area.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on extensive work on European projects, the author advocates a timeline of relevant theory and tool application that can be applied to the lifecycle of an online course. Theory overviewed includes Use and Gratification theory, Social Exchange theory, Bond theory and Identity theory as well as IT-based models such as Information Systems Success Model (ISSM).

Findings
– A theoretical model is presented.

Research limitations/implications
– The theoretical model has still to be tested.

Practical implications
– The paper argues that by creating the conditions commensurate with a successful VTCoP throughout the engagement lifecycle, students are more likely to be engaged and committed to completing an online course.

Social implications
– The paper uses existing theory to potentially improve completion rates on online courses.

Originality/value
– The paper is original in that it combines existing socio-technical theory from the informations systems domain with that of educational pedagogy to inform good practice.
Changing faculty use of technology – one cohort at a time
Authors: Kramer Sabrina , Benson Spencer 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and assess a faculty development program targeted at pedagogically sound integration of technology by faculty into their courses.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper developed a program that combines a summer training institute and a yearlong faculty learning community. This program is supported by instructional technology and faculty development experts, and rewards the participants both with a stipend and with acknowledgement. To assess the effectiveness of this program, the paper used electronic anonymous surveys during the middle and end of the program.

Findings
– Self-reported evaluations suggests that the alumni of the 2011-2012 cohort will continue to develop and adapt technologies in their course, and would encourage their colleagues to do the same. In addition, the majority report that the program has changed the way they see and use technology in the classroom. Additional observations about the program alumni's involvement in continuing efforts to improve teaching with technology indicate that this program may be having an effect beyond the individual participants.

Research limitations/implications
– Assessment of the program was limited to only one year, and needs to continue to evaluate the program and the faculty after they leave the program.

Practical implications
– This program provides a possible model to implement change at a university, on teaching with technology, or other teaching- and learning-related topics.

Originality/value
– In a world where there are increasing expectations of technology in teaching, a successful model of faculty development which produces an increase in pedagogically sound faculty adoption of teaching technology is a valuable one to higher education.