bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of in ovo administration of inulin and Lactococcus lactis on immune-related gene expression in broiler chickens
Authors: Płowiec Arkadiusz , Sławińska Anna , Siwek Maria Z. , Bednarczyk Marek F. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of in ovo administration of inulin and Lactococcus lactis on immune-related gene expression in broiler chickens.
ANIMALS 45 Ross broilers.
PROCEDURES On day 12 of embryonic development, 360 eggs were equally allocated among 3 treatment groups and injected with 0.2 mL of a solution that contained 1.76 mg of inulin (prebiotic group) or 1.76 mg of inulin enriched with 1,000 CFUs of L lactis subsp lactis 2955 (synbiotic group), or they were injected with 0.2 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control). At 1, 14, and 35 days after hatching, 5 male birds from each group were euthanized, and the spleen and cecal tonsils were harvested for determination of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-18, cluster of differentiation 80, interferon-β, and interferon-γ expression by means of a reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay. Gene expressions in the cecal tonsils and spleens of chickens in the prebiotic and synbiotic groups were compared with those of control chickens at each tissue collection time.
RESULTS Compared with control birds, immune-related gene expression was downregulated in birds in the prebiotic and synbiotic groups, and the magnitude of that downregulation was more pronounced in the cecal tonsils than in the spleen and increased with age.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that in ovo administration of a prebiotic or synbiotic to broilers was associated with downregulation of immune-related gene expression in the cecal tonsils and spleen. The magnitude of that downregulation increased with age and was most likely caused by stabilization of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
Serum α-1 acid glycoprotein and serum amyloid A concentrations in cats receiving antineoplastic treatment for lymphoma
Authors: Winkel Valter M. , Pavan Tatiana L. R. , Wirthl Vera A. B. F. , Alves Ana L. N. , Lucas Silvia R. R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize serum α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations at diagnosis and during treatment in cats with lymphoma.
ANIMALS 16 cats with various anatomic forms of lymphoma and 25 healthy cats.
PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected from healthy cats once and from cats with lymphoma at diagnosis and 2-week intervals until the 12th week of antineoplastic treatment. Serum harvested from blood samples was assessed for AGP and SAA concentrations. Differences in serum AGP and SAA values were investigated between healthy cats and cats with lymphoma (at diagnosis) and, for cats with lymphoma, between diagnosis and various points during treatment.
RESULTS Serum AGP and SAA concentrations were higher in cats with lymphoma at diagnosis (median, 832.60 and 1.03 μg/mL, respectively), compared with those in healthy cats (median, 269.85 and 0.10 μg/mL). Treatment resulted in a gradual decrease in serum AGP concentration after 4 weeks and in SAA concentration after 8 weeks of treatment, and these concentrations returned to values comparable with those of healthy cats by 12 weeks of treatment, by which point all cats had achieved complete remission of the disease.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum AGP and SAA concentrations in cats with lymphoma were higher at diagnosis than after antineoplastic treatment. Decreases to values established for healthy cats corresponded with achievement of complete disease remission. Serum AGP and SAA may be useful protein markers for monitoring of antineoplastic treatment in cats with lymphoma.
Biomechanical comparison of pin and tension-band wire fixation with a prototype locking plate fixation in a transverse canine patellar fracture model
Authors: Gibert Sophie , Kowaleski Michael , Matthys Romano , Nützi Reto , Serck Boris , Boudrieau Randy 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Objective: To compare a locking plate (LP) with pin and tension-band wire (pin/TBW) for fixation of mid-patellar transverse fractures.
Materials and methods: Cadaveric canine stifle joints from 10 adult mixed breed dogs (23–36 kg) were used. Mid-patellar transverse osteotomies were randomly stabilized (in pairs) with either pin/TBW or a prototype LP. Cyclic loads (1 Hz, 500 cycles) at 100% body weight (90°-135° stifle joint extension), were applied. Survival or failure of constructs was defined as <2 mm fracture gap distraction at 500 cycles, or ≥ 2 mm fracture gap distraction at the number of cycles sustained, respectively. Number of cycles at failure and distraction gap were compared with a paired Student’s t-test, and a survival analysis performed with a Mantel-Cox test. All constructs that survived cyclic testing were tested in single cycle load to failure (1.0 mm/sec; 110° stifle joint extension); yield strength was compared with a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Significance was set at p <0.05.
Results: All 10/10 LP and three out of 10 pin/ TBW fixations survived cyclic testing. Survival analysis, number of cycles at failure, and distraction gap all were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.0011, p = 0.0013, and p <0.0001, respectively). Construct yield strength was not significantly different (p = 0.1273).
Conclusions: The failure mode with pin/TBW was consistently similar to failures observed clinically. The LP demonstrated consistent, reliable and stable fixation.This work was performed at the Biomechanics Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.
Revisiting the Timing of Action of the PAG Adaptor Using Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Primary T Cells
Authors: Reginald Kavita , Chaoui Karima , Roncagalli Romain , Beau Mathilde , Goncalves Menoita Marisa , Monsarrat Bernard , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Malissen Marie , Gonzalez de Peredo Anne , Malissen Bernard 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase LCK plays a key role in TCR signaling, and its activity is dynamically controlled by the tyrosine kinase C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. CSK is brought in contiguity to LCK via binding to a transmembrane adaptor known as phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (PAG). The lack of a blatant phenotype in PAG-deficient mice has impeded our understanding of the mechanisms through which PAG exerts its negative-regulatory role in TCR signaling. We used quantitative mass spectrometry and both thymocytes and CD4+ T cells from mice in which a tag for affinity purification was knocked in the gene coding for PAG to determine the composition and dynamics of the multiprotein complexes that are found around PAG over 5 min of activation. Most of the high-confidence interactions that we observed were previously unknown. Using phosphoproteomic analysis, PAG showed low levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in resting primary mouse CD4+ T cells; the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation increased and reached a maximum 2 min after stimulation. Analysis of the dynamics of association of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 and lipid phosphatase SHIP-1 with PAG following T cell activation suggests that both cooperate with CSK to terminate T cell activation. Our findings provide a model of the role for PAG in mouse primary CD4+ T cells that is consistent with recent phosphoproteomic studies of the Jurkat T cell line but difficult to reconcile with former biochemical studies indicating that PAG is constitutively phosphorylated in resting T cells and rapidly dephosphorylated once the TCR is engaged.
Subcutaneous Transplantation of Neural Precursor Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Reduces Chemotactic Signals in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ravanidis Stylianos , Poulatsidou Kyriaki Nepheli , Lagoudaki Roza , Touloumi Olga , Polyzoidou Elena , Lourbopoulos Athanasios , Nousiopoulou Evangelia , Theotokis Paschalis , Kesidou Evangelia , Tsalikakis Dimitrios , Karacostas Dimitrios , Grigoriou Maria , Chlichlia Katerina , Grigoriadis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNeural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation has been proposed as a therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). NPCs are suggested to exert immune modulation when they are transplanted in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we explore whether the effect of NPC transplantation on the clinical course and the pathological features of EAE is combined with the modulation of chemokines levels expressed in the inflamed CNS. NPCs were isolated from brains of neonatal C57/Bl6 mice and were subcutaneously administered in female mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE. Clinical signs of the disease and transcript analysis of the CNS in the acute phase were performed. In addition, the presence of inflammatory components in the spinal cord was evaluated and ex vivo proliferation of lymphocytes was measured. NPC recipients exhibited ameliorated clinical outcome and less pronounced pathological features in their spinal cord. Downregulation of chemokine mRNA levels throughout the CNS was correlated with diminished Mac-3-, CD3-, and CD4-positive cells and reduced expression levels of antigen-presenting molecules in the spinal cord. Moreover, NPC transplantation resulted in lymphocyte-related, although not splenocyte-related, peripheral immunosuppression. We conclude that NPCs ameliorated EAE potentially by modulating the levels of chemokines expressed in the inflamed CNS, thus resulting in the impaired recruitment of immune cells. These findings further contribute to the better understanding of NPCs' immunomodulatory properties in neuroinflammatory disorders, and may lead to faster translation into potential clinical use.SignificanceEndogenous neural precursor cells of the central nervous system are able to migrate and differentiate toward mature cells to repair an injury. There is increasing evidence that autologous transplantation of these cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of multiple sclerosis, may have a beneficial effect on the disease process. Several mechanisms have been proposed—among them, the potentiation of endogenous precursor cell differentiation of the central nervous system and the modulation of demyelinating and neurodegenerative immune-mediated processes. This article provides evidence of interference in immune signaling within the central nervous system as a potential mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory properties of transplanted neural precursor cells.
Radiation response of silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors in high dose region
Authors: Ohshima Takeshi , Yokoseki Takashi , Murata Koichi , Matsuda Takuma , Mitomo Satoshi , Abe Hiroshi , Makino Takahiro , Onoda Shinobu , Hijikata Yasuto , Tanaka Yuki , Kandori Mikio , Okubo Shuichi , Yoshie Toru 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Radiation response of vertical structure hexagonal (4H) silicon carbide (SiC) power metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) was investigated up to 5.8 MGy. The drain current–gate voltage curves for the MOSFETs shifted from positive to negative voltages due to irradiation. However, the drain current–gate voltage curve shifts for the MOSFETs irradiated at 150 °C was smaller than those irradiated at room temperature. Thus, the shift of threshold voltage due to irradiation was suppressed by irradiation at 150 °C. No significant change or slight decrease in subthreshold voltage swing for the MOSFETs irradiated at 150 °C was observed. The value of channel mobility increased due to irradiation, and the increase was enhanced by irradiation at 150 °C comparing to irradiation at RT.
Overexpression of IFITM3 predicts the high risk of lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Jia Yang , Zhang Miao , Jiang Wenpeng , Zhang Zhiping , Huang Shiting , Wang Zhou 
Published: October 2015

Background.Recent studies have shown that the aberrant expression of IFITM3 is implicated in the lymph node metastasis of many malignancies. Our research aimed to investigate the expression of IFITM3 in pathological N0 (pN0) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relationship with lymph node metastatic recurrence.Methods.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression profile of IFITM3 in 104 pairs of samples. Each pair consisted of ESCC tissue and its adjacent normal mucosa (ANM). This aberrant expression was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with 20 tumor specimens with strong immunostaining and their mucosal tissues. In addition, 20 samples of low expression tissues and their ANMs were evaluated. Moreover, the correlations between the IFITM3 expression level and the clinicopathological variables, recurrence risk and overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed.Results.Both IHC and RT-PCR demonstrated that the IFITM3 expression level was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in ANM. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of IFITM3 expression with the T status of esophageal cancer (p= 0.015). In addition, IFITM3 overexpression was demonstrated to be not only an important risk factor of lymphatic metastatic recurrence but a significant prognostic factor in pN0 ESCC (p< 0.005).Conclusions.Even pN0 ESCC patients will still experience lymphatic metastatic recurrence. The IFITM3 gene could be a predictor of lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 ESCC after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.
The importance of a Ni correction with ion counter in the double spike analysis of Fe isotope compositions using a 57Fe/58Fe double spike
Authors: Finlayson V. A. , Konter J. G. , Ma L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present a new method capable of measuring iron isotope ratios of igneous materials to high precision by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) using a 57Fe‐58Fe double spike. After sample purification, near‐baseline signal levels of nickel are still present in the sample solution, acting as an isobaric interference on 58 amu. To correct for the interference, the minor 60Ni isotope is monitored and used to subtract a proportional 58Ni signal from the total 58 amu beam. The 60Ni signal is difficult to precisely measure on the Faraday detector due to Johnson noise occurring at similar magnitude. This noise‐dominated signal is subtracted from the total 58 amu beam, and its error amplified during the double spike correction. Placing the 60Ni beam on an ion counter produces a more precise measurement, resulting in a near‐threefold improvement in δ56Fe reproducibility, from ±0.145‰ when measured on Faraday to 0.052‰. Faraday detectors quantify the 60Ni signal poorly, and fail to discern the transient 20Ne40Ar interference visible on the ion counter, which is likely responsible for poor reproducibility. Another consideration is instrumental stability (defined herein as drift in peak center mass), which affects high‐resolution analyses. Analyses experiencing large drift relative to bracketing standards often yield nonreplicating data. Based on this, we present a quantitative outlier detection method capable of detecting drift‐affected data. After outlier rejection, long‐term precision on individual runs of our secondary standard improves to ±0.046‰. Averaging 3–4 analyses further improves precision to 0.019‰, allowing distinction between ultramafic minerals.
Assessing the potential impacts of declining Arctic sea ice cover on the photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas
Authors: Logvinova Christie L. , Frey Karen E. , Mann Paul J. , Stubbins Aron , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA warming and shifting climate in the Arctic has led to significant declines in sea ice over the last several decades. Although these changes in sea ice cover are well documented, large uncertainties remain in how associated increases in solar radiation transmitted to the underlying ocean water column will impact heating, biological, and biogeochemical processes in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, six under‐ice marine, two ice‐free marine, and two ice‐free terrestrially influenced water samples were irradiated using a solar simulator for 72 h (representing ~10 days of ambient sunlight) to investigate dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics from the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Solar irradiation caused chromophoric DOM (CDOM) light absorption at 254 nm to decrease by 48 to 63%. An overall loss in total DOM fluorescence intensity was also observed at the end of all experiments, and each of six components identified by parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was shown to be photoreactive in at least one experiment. Fluorescent DOM (FDOM) also indicated that the majority of DOM in under‐ice and ice‐free marine waters was likely algal‐derived. Measurable changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were only observed for sites influenced by riverine runoff. Losses of CDOM absorbance at shorter wavelengths suggest that the beneficial UV protection currently received by marine organisms may decline with the increased light transmittance associated with sea ice melt ponding and overall reductions of sea ice. Our FDOM analyses demonstrate that DOM irrespective of source was susceptible to photobleaching. Additionally, our findings suggest that photodegradation of CDOM in under‐ice waters is not currently a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO2) (i.e., we did not observe systematic DOC loss). However, increases in primary production and terrestrial freshwater export expected under future climate change scenarios may cause an increase in CDOM quantity and shift in quality throughout Arctic Ocean surface waters. As Arctic temperatures continue to warm and summer sea ice further declines, examination of the resulting enhanced photodegradation processes and their impacts on the interplay between primary production, carbon cycling, and surface ocean heating processes will be paramount.
Pathways of anaerobic organic matter decomposition in tundra soils from Barrow, Alaska
Authors: Herndon Elizabeth M. , Mann Benjamin F. , Roy Chowdhury Taniya , Yang Ziming , Wullschleger Stan D. , Graham David , Liang Liyuan , Gu Baohua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArctic tundra soils store a large quantity of organic carbon that is susceptible to decomposition and release to the atmosphere as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under a warming climate. Anaerobic processes that generate CH4 and CO2 remain unclear because previous studies have focused on aerobic decomposition pathways. To predict releases of CO2 and CH4 from tundra soils, it is necessary to identify pathways of soil organic matter decomposition under the anoxic conditions that are prevalent in Arctic ecosystems. Here molecular and spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor biological degradation of water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) during anoxic incubation of tundra soils from a region of continuous permafrost in northern Alaska. Organic and mineral soils from the tundra active layer were incubated at −2, +4, or +8°C for up to 60 days to mimic the short‐term thaw season. Results suggest that, under anoxic conditions, fermentation converted complex organic molecules into simple organic acids that were used in concomitant Fe‐reduction and acetoclastic methanogenesis reactions. Nonaromatic compounds increased over time as WEOC increased. Organic acid metabolites initially accumulated in soils but were mostly depleted by day 60 because organic acids were consumed to produce Fe(II), CO2, and CH4. We conclude that fermentation of nonprotected organic matter facilitates methanogenesis and Fe reduction reactions, and that the proportion of organic acids consumed by methanogenesis increases relative to Fe reduction with increasing temperature. The decomposition pathways observed in this study are important to consider in numerical modeling of greenhouse gas production in the Arctic.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Process: Synthesis of Symmetrical Diarylalkynes, cis‐ and trans‐Alkenes using Lithium Acetylide as a Synthon
Authors: Krishna Jonnada , Krishna Reddy Alavala Gopi , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient domino protocol has been developed for the synthesis of symmetrical diarylalkynes. Notably, the method was successful in the presence of a palladium catalyst without the support of a copper co‐catalyst. Significantly, the method enabled the use of the commercially available and cheap lithium acetylide ethylenediamine complex as a source of acetylene for the construction of dual CC bonds, with a wide range of compatibility towards various substituents of the aryl bromides/iodides. Significantly, this protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of cis‐ and trans‐alkenes in a highly stereoselective manner in a sequential one‐pot process.magnified image
Synthesis of [n]Cyclo‐5,15‐porphyrinylene‐4,4′‐biphenylenes Displaying Size‐Dependent Excitation‐Energy Hopping
Authors: Jiang Hua‐Wei , Tanaka Takayuki , Kim Taeyeon , Sung Young Mo , Mori Hirotaka , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA set of 5,15‐biphenylene‐bridged porphyrin wheels, namely, [n]cyclo‐5,15‐porphyrinylene‐4,4′‐biphenylenes [n]CPB, have been synthesized through the platination of 5,15‐bis(4‐(pinacolboranyl)phenyl) nickel(II) porphyrin and subsequent reductive elimination of PtII(cod)‐bridged cyclic porphyrin intermediates. The calculated strain energies for [3]CPB, [4]CPB, [5]CPB, and [6]CPB are 49.3, 32.9, 23.5, and 16.0 kcal mol−1, respectively. UV/Vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry indicated characteristic ring‐size‐dependent absorption‐peak shifts and redox‐potential shifts, which presumably reflect the degree of strain in the π‐systems. Excitation‐energy hopping (EEH) times were determined to be 5.1, 8.0, 8.0, and 9.6 ps for [3]CPB, [4]CPB, [5]CPB, and [6]CPB, respectively, in a pump‐power‐dependent TA experiment.
Public and Private Values
Authors: Ariely Dan , Bracha Anat , L'Huillier Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we experimentally examine whether looking at other people's pricing decisions is a type of a decision rule that people over‐apply even when it is not applicable, as in the case of private‐value goods. In Study 1, we find evidence that this is indeed the case—individual valuation of a subjective experience under full information, elicited using incentive compatible mechanism, is highly influenced by values of others. In Study 2, we find that people expect to use this rule to some degree with respect to actual consumption of goods, especially goods with some public value (music), and less so for private‐value goods (noise). However, people expect to use the rule to a very large extent when they are required to express their valuation of a good using a dollar figure (Study 3). These results can shed light on price behavior as rigidities and rents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.