bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) nanoparticles prepared with recombinant phasins and PHB depolymerase
Authors: Rho Jong Kook , Choi Mun Hwan , Gutierrez Merced , Tian Baoxia , Yoo Taesik , Baek Jung Eun , Shah Mohsin , Yoon Sung Chul 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPhasin protein (PhaP) is known to anchor into the matrix of phospholipid surrounding polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) inclusion bodies formed in bacterial cells and regulate the size of the granules, as well as the number of PHA granules. To investigate the effect of phasin on the formation of artificial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) granules in vitro, (His)6‐tagged or GST‐fusion recombinant phasin was prepared and utilized for the artificial granule preparation. In addition, a P(3HB) depolymerase was coloaded with the recombinant phasin to prepare self‐degradable phasin‐coated P(3HB) granules. A water/chloroform two‐phase emulsion technique was used, in which the emulsification was carried out by sonication, and the chloroform in the emulsion was removed by stirring‐aided evaporation at room temperature or 65°C. Slower chloroform removal at room temperature produced better spherically shaped P(3HB) nanogranules, which were uniformly sized (∼100 to 200 nm in diameter). The self‐degradability of P(3HB) depolymerase‐loaded P(3HB) nanogranules was investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41074.
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of aspirin eugenol ester in dog by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shen Youming , Liu Xiwang , Yang Yajun , Li Jianyong , Ma Ning , Li Bing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a promising drug candidate for treatment of inflammation, pain and fever and prevention of cardiovascular diseases with fewer side effects than its precursor, aspirin. Investigation into its metabolic process in target animal species will help to illustrate its mechanism of action and to establish its residual mark compound to formulate its dosage. Six beagle dogs were orally given a dose of 20 mg kg−1 of AEE and one dog was used to prepare blank liver microsomes. Their liver microsomes were prepared for in vitro study and their plasma and urine were collected for in vivo metabolic analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In this study we identified 10 metabolites, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 in phase I and M6, M7, M8, M9, M10 in phase II. Based on the metabolites of AEE, the pathways of AEE metabolism in dog were demonstrated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triazine‐Based Mesoporous Covalent Imine Polymers as Solid Supports for Copper‐Mediated Chan–Lam Cross‐Coupling N‐Arylation Reactions
Authors: Puthiaraj Pillaiyar , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel mesoporous covalent imine polymeric (MCIPs) material, involving simple Schiff‐base chemistry, is reported. This highly functionalised nitrogen‐rich material acts as a good support for immobilising CuII ions, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity in promoting the Chan–Lam cross‐coupling reaction between biologically active amines and arylboronic acids. The performance of this catalyst is also evident from its broad substrate scope, high stability, real heterogeneity, mild reaction conditions and reusability without loss of activity. The observed results will provide additional scope on the design and catalytic applications of this emerging class of materials.
Multifunctional Supramolecular Dendrimers with an s‐Triazine Ring as the Central Core: Liquid Crystalline, Fluorescence and Photoconductive Properties
Authors: Bucoş Madalina , Sierra Teresa , Golemme Attilio , Termine Roberto , Barberá Joaquín , Giménez Raquel , Serrano José Luis , Romero Pilar , Marcos Mercedes 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNovel liquid crystal (LC) dendrimers have been synthesised by hydrogen bonding between an s‐triazine as the central core and three peripheral dendrons derived from bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. Symmetric acid dendrons bearing achiral promesogenic units have been synthesised to obtain 3:1 complexes with triazine that exhibit LC properties. Asymmetric dendrons that combine the achiral promesogenic unit and an active moiety derived from coumarin or pyrene structures have been synthesised in order to obtain dendrimers with photophysical and electrochemical properties. The formation of the complexes was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy data. The liquid crystalline properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarising optical microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. All complexes displayed mesogenic properties, which were smectic in the case of symmetric dendrons and their complexes and nematic in the case of asymmetric dendrons and their dendrimers. A supramolecular model for the lamellar mesophase, based mainly on X‐ray diffraction studies, is proposed. The electrochemical behaviour of dendritic complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The UV/Vis absorption and emission properties of the compounds and the photoconductive properties of the dendrons and dendrimers were also investigated
High‐Performing Red‐Light‐Emitting Pyrotechnic Illuminants through the Use of Perchlorate‐Free Materials
Authors: Moretti Jared D. , Sabatini Jesse J. , Poret Jay C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe development of perchlorate‐free M662 40 mm illuminating pyrotechnic compositions is described. On the bases of cost, performance, and sensitivity, potassium periodate was determined to be most effective potassium perchlorate replacement in the compositions tested. The optimal periodate‐based composition exceeded the performance of the perchlorate‐containing control, exhibited low sensitivity values to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge, and had high thermal onset temperatures.
Catalytic Performance of Vanadium MIL‐47 and Linker‐Substituted Variants in the Oxidation of Cyclohexene: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Vandichel Matthias , Biswas Shyam , Leus Karen , Paier Joachim , Sauer Joachim , Verstraelen Toon , Van Der Voort Pascal , Waroquier Michel , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe epoxidation of cyclohexene has been investigated on a metal–organic framework MIL‐47 containing saturated V+IV sites linked with functionalized terephthalate linkers (MIL‐47‐X, X=OH, F, Cl, Br, CH3, NH2). Experimental catalytic tests have been performed on the MIL‐47‐X materials to elucidate the effect of linker substitution on the conversion. Notwithstanding the fact that these substituted materials are prone to leaching in the performed catalytic tests, the initial catalytic activity of these materials correlates with the Hammett substituent constants. In general, substituents led to an increased activity relative to the parent MIL‐47. To rationalize the experimental findings, first‐principles kinetic calculations were performed on periodic models of MIL‐47 to determine the most important active sites by creating defect structures in the interior of the crystalline material. In a next step these defect structures were used to propose extended cluster models, which are able to reproduce in an adequate way the direct environment of the active metal site. An alkylperoxo species V+VO(OOtBu) was identified as the most abundant and therefore the most active epoxidation site. The structure of the most active site was a starting basis for the construction of extended cluster models including substituents. They were used for quantifying the effect of functionalization of the linkers on the catalytic performance of the heterogeneous catalyst MIL‐47‐X. Electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating groups have been considered. The epoxidation activity of the functionalized models has been compared with the measured experimental conversion of cyclohexene. The agreement is fairly good. This combined experimental–theoretical study makes it possible to elucidate the structure of the most active site and to quantify the electronic modulating effects of linker substituents on the catalytic activity.
Heart rate following short‐term beta‐blocker titration predicts all‐cause mortality in elderly chronic heart failure patients: insights from the CIBIS‐ELD trial
Authors: Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Musial‐Bright Lindy , Inkrot Simone , Apostolović Svetlana , Edelmann Frank , Lainščak Mitja , Šekularac Nikola , Störk Stefan , Tahirovic Elvis , Tscholl Verena , Krackhardt Florian , Loncar Goran , Trippel Tobias D. , Gelbrich Götz 
Published: June 2014

AimsBeta‐blockers (BBs) improve outcomes in heart failure. Results from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study in Elderly (CIBIS‐ELD) trial previously demonstrated the feasibility of heart rate, not maximum dose, as a treatment goal. In this pre‐specified analysis, we investigated the prognostic value of achieved heart rate after BB optimization on long‐term mortality.Methods and resultsElderly heart failure patients from the CIBIS‐ELD trial were invited to participate in a follow‐up examination 4 years after the initial 12‐week BB up‐titration period. The relationship between all‐cause mortality, BB dose, and heart rate after titration and potentially confounding clinical variables was analysed by multivariable Cox regression. In total, 728 patients (38% women; mean age 72.9 ± 5.4 years) were included. During a mean follow‐up period of 45 ± 9 months, 134 patients (19%) died, thus accumulating 2268 patient‐years at risk. There was no significant difference in baseline heart rate for survivors and non‐survivors (P = 0.19). In models adjusting for age, sex, BB pre‐treatment, ventricular function, heart rate, and NYHA class at baseline, a heart rate increase by 10 b.p.m. following up‐titration was associated with a subsequent mortality hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.38, P = 0.023). The heart rate range with the lowest mortality and the fewest treatment‐related adverse events was 55–64 b.p.m. The achieved BB dose was not associated with mortality risk.ConclusionThe heart rate after up‐titration, but not BB dose, predicted all‐cause mortality risk in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. These patients should be titrated to resting heart rates between 55 and 64 b.p.m.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Desferrioxamine B Complexes
Authors: Boggs Mark A. , Mason Harris , Arai Yuji , Powell Brian A. , Kersting Annie B. , Zavarin Mavrik 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo aqueous PuIV‐desferrioxamine B (DFOB) complexes were characterized by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques and an unexpected dimeric PuIVDFOB‐di‐μ‐(O/OH)‐PuIVDFOB complex was identified. Both “Curie” and “anti‐Curie” behavior were observed for the dimeric species, yet the monomeric species only showed “anti‐Curie” behavior. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy experiments showed an increase in particle size for the two species, which is indicative of a dimeric species. Bond lengths and coordination numbers estimated from X‐ray absorption spectroscopy are consistent with the proposed structures.
Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of 1‐lipoyl‐2‐palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine: A novel phospholipid containing lipoic acid
Authors: Kaki Shiva Shanker , Balakrishna Marrapu , Prasad Rachapudi B. N. 
Published: June 2014

Bioorganic synthesis of a novel phospholipid, 1‐lipoyl‐2‐palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (LPPC) was carried out using dipalmitoylphosphotidylcholine (DPPC) and lipoic acid as substrates via lipase catalyzed transesterification reaction at controlled water activity. A high lipoic acid concentration and low water activity were necessary for the enzymatic acidolysis reaction in an organic solvent medium at ambient temperature. Four immobilized lipases were examined for the incorporation of lipoic acid into DPPC. The transesterification reaction resulted in formation of the desired product along with the lyso PC as a by‐product at controlled water activity of 0.11 in 96 h using Lipozyme RM IM lipase. The composition of the modified PC showed that 41.07 mol% of lipoic acid was incorporated into DPPC. The transesterification was regioselective with nearly 91% incorporation of lipoic acid in the sn‐1 position with about 4% incorporation in the sn‐2 position in the product PC. The prepared LPPC can have applications as a lipid based prodrug of lipoic acid and also can have potential applications in drug solubilization and release studies.Practical applications: Novel phospholipid bearing lipoic acid as an active ingredient is synthesized via enzymatic route. It is a smart combination of two biologically active molecules with proven activities. The prepared phospholipid can have potential applications in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and biomedical fields. This molecule can help to address the bioavailability issues of lipoic acid. The product can have applications in controlled release of lipoic acid due to incorporation into a phospholipid.Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of 1‐lipoyl‐2‐palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine.
Hypervalent Iodine Catalyzed Cyclization of Aryl‐Substituted Alkanoic Acids
Authors: Li Tingting , Xiang Changbin , Zhang Bijun , Yan Jie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel and efficient procedure was developed for direct preparation of aryl‐substituted lactones from corresponding aryl‐substituted alkanoic acids, catalyzed by the in situ generated hypervalent iodine intermediate from iodobenzene (PhI). In this protocol, aryl‐substituted alkanoic acids were treated with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) and KBr in the presence of a catalytic amount of PhI in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol at room temperature for 24 h, resulting in corresponding aryl lactones in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Formal Synthesis of (−)‐Cyclaradine Using Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Raju Gurrapu , Rao Jalagam Prasada , Rao Batchu Venkateswara 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe stereoselective formal synthesis of (−)‐cyclaradine from the inexpensively available starting material L‐glutamic acid is described, using Eschenmoser's reagent, and applying Luche reduction, Grignard reaction, and ring closing metathesis (RCM) as the key steps.
A Novel Synthesis of Quinazolines by Cyclization of 1‐(2‐Isocyanophenyl)alkylideneamines Generated by the Treatment of 2‐(1‐Azidoalkyl)phenyl Isocyanides with NaH
Authors: Ezaki Kosuke , Kobayashi Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new and efficient method for the synthesis of quinazolines has been developed. Thus, N‐[2‐(1‐azidoalkyl)phenyl]formamides 1 are dehydrated with POCl3 to give the corresponding 2‐(1‐azidoalkyl)phenyl isocyanides 2, which are then treated with NaH in DMF at 0° to give quinazolines 6 in satisfactory yields via cyclization of 1‐(2‐isocyanophenyl)alkylideneamine intermediates 4. This methodology can be applied to the synthesis of the 7‐azaanalogs of quinazolines, i.e., pyrido[3,4‐d]pyrimidines 9.
The Personal Epistemologies of Civil Engineering Faculty
Authors: Montfort Devlin , Brown Shane , Shinew Dawn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe personal epistemologies of engineering faculty are an important and as yet underinvestigated aspect of engineering education. In this study, personal epistemology is defined as the stances an individual takes on issues related to knowledge and knowing, such as what it means to know, what counts as knowledge, and what makes some knowledge true.Purpose (Hypothesis)This research characterizes the personal epistemologies of engineering faculty members with particular emphasis on contributing to the development of a theoretical framework to support and guide future research.Design/MethodSemistructured interviews explored broad epistemological issues but were individually tailored to ensure open discourse. The interviews were situated in the domain of the participants' own research in civil engineering; this domain provided a familiar and rich research site in which to explore their epistemologies and allowed for richer interpretations through reference to other research linking research practice with epistemology.ResultsThe participants expressed a stance that assumed an objective reality and verified the truth of their knowledge through observation, which assumes access to that objective reality. Participants simultaneously evaluated their knowledge based on its truth and usefulness. The participants' discussions reflected their perceptions of the complexity and wide scope of the “real” world – thereby moving beyond simplified categorizations such as positivist, into new and unexplored epistemologies.ConclusionsThe participants' epistemologies are discussed in terms of their implications for engineering education practice and research, as well as personal epistemology research.
Fast, simple, and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method for measuring vitamins A and E in human blood plasma
Authors: Yuan Chao , Burgyan Maria , Bunch Dustin R. , Reineks Edmunds , Jackson Raymond , Steinle Roxanne , Wang Sihe 
Published: June 2014

Vitamins A and E are fat‐soluble vitamins that play important roles in several physiological processes. Monitoring their concentrations is needed to detect deficiency and guide therapy. In this study, we developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography method to measure the major forms of vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α‐tocopherol and γ‐tocopherol) in human blood plasma. Vitamins A and E were extracted with hexane and separated on a reversed‐phase column using methanol as the mobile phase. Retinol was detected by ultraviolet absorption, whereas tocopherols were detected by fluorescence emission. The chromatographic cycle time was 4.0 min per sample. The analytical measurement range was 0.03–5.14, 0.32–36.02, and 0.10–9.99 mg/L for retinol, α‐tocopherol, and γ‐tocopherol, respectively. Intr‐aassay and total coefficient of variation were <6.0% for all compounds. This method was traceable to standard reference materials offered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Reference intervals were established using plasma samples collected from 51 healthy adult donors and were found to be 0.30–1.20, 6.0–23.0, and 0.3–3.2 mg/L for retinol, α‐tocopherol, and γ‐tocopherol, respectively. In conclusion, we developed and validated a fast, simple, and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method for measuring the major forms of vitamins A and E in human plasma.
Revisit rates and diagnoses following pediatric tonsillectomy in a large multistate population
Authors: Shay Sophie , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the incidence and characteristics of revisits following ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy.Study DesignCross‐sectional study using national databases.MethodsAmbulatory pediatric (age <18.0 years) tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy cases were extracted from the 2010 State Ambulatory Surgery, Emergency Department, and Inpatient databases for New York, Florida, Iowa, and California. First and second revisits within the 14‐day postoperative period were tabulated. Diagnoses, procedure codes, and mortality were examined.ResultsThere were 36,221 pediatric tonsillectomies/adenotonsillectomies (mean age 7.4 years, 51.4% male). Overall, 2,740 patients (7.6%) had a revisit after pediatric tonsillectomy; 402 patients (1.1%) had a second revisit. Among revisits, 6.3% revisited the ambulatory surgery center, 77.5% revisited the emergency department, and 16.2% were readmitted as an inpatient. Among all tonsillectomies, bleeding occurred in 2.0% and 0.5% within the first and second revisits, respectively. A second revisit had a statistically higher association with a primary bleeding diagnosis than the first revisit (P < .001). Among all cases, 0.75% underwent a surgical procedure for bleeding at a first revisit compared to 0.25% during a second revisit. Acute pain was the primary diagnosis in 18.4% and 11.2% of first and second revisits; fever/vomiting/dehydration were primary diagnoses in 28.2% and 17.9%, respectively. There were two mortalities (0.0055%) within the 14‐day postoperative interval.ConclusionsThis large‐scale analysis describes the current rates and diagnoses of revisits, hospital readmission, and surgical intervention following ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomy. Many revisits centered on pain control and dehydration, suggesting that more adequate symptom control may prevent a large proportion of revisits.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:457–461, 2015
Profile Distribution of Carbon Fractions Under Long‐term Rice‐wheat and Maize‐wheat Production in Alfisols and Inceptisols of Northwest India
Authors: Kukal Surinder Singh , Saha Debasish , Sharma Puneet , Sharma Banarsi Dass 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe knowledge of profile distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in long‐term agricultural systems could help to store atmospheric carbon in the soil. We investigated profile distribution of easily oxidisable Walkley–Black SOC pool (SOCWB) under long‐term rice‐wheat (R‐W) and maize‐wheat (M‐W) cropping systems under soils of different pedogenesis. The soil samples were collected from the characteristic genetic horizons and analysed for carbon fractions. The SOCWB was the highest in soils under R‐W systems in both Alfisols and Inceptisols. The SOCWB stock in the deeper profile horizons under R‐W system was significantly (p < 0·05) higher than that under M‐W system especially in Typic Hapludalfs. Long‐term R‐W system could store on average 3·55 Mg ha−1 more SOCWB than M‐W system in the Ap horizon. The SOCWB stock in the Ap horizon of all pedons was significantly (p < 0·05) higher in Alfisols than that in Inceptisols. About 60–90% of the total profile SOCWB stock was contributed by B‐horizon because of its greater extent. Considering the whole profile, clay was negatively correlated with SOC fractions; however, the SOC fractions were closely related to each other. This study reveals that the distribution of SOCWB is different in long‐term R‐W and M‐W systems not only in surface but also in the deeper horizons and the magnitude of the variation is influenced by the specific pedogenic processes. This indicates the significance of profile SOCWB stock instead of topsoil SOCWB stock in quantifying carbon retention potential of the long‐term management practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.