bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decay rates and global existence for semilinear dissipative Timoshenko systems
Authors: Racke Reinhard , Said-Houari Belkacem 
Published: October 2012

We prove new decay estimates for the dissipative Timoshenko system in the one-dimensional whole space, and a global existence theorem for semilinear systems. More precisely, if we restrict the initial data

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\in \Big ( H^{s+1}( \mathbb {R}^{N}) \cap L^{1,\gamma }( \mathbb {R}^{N}) \Big ) \times \Big ( H^{s}( \mathbb {R}^{N})\Big ) \cap L^{1,\gamma }( \mathbb {R}^{N}) \Big )

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, then we can derive faster decay estimates than those given by Ide, Haramoto and Kawashima. In addition, we use these decay estimates of the linear problem combined with the weighted energy method introduced by Todorova and Yordanov with the special weight given by Ikehata and Inoue to solve a semilinear problem with low regularity.
Adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment using MAFFT and LAST
Authors: Katoh Kazutaka , Frith Martin C. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Two methods to add unaligned sequences into an existing multiple sequence alignment have been implemented as the ‘–add’ and ‘–addfragments’ options in the MAFFT package. The former option is a basic one and applicable only to full-length sequences, whereas the latter option is applicable even when the unaligned sequences are short and fragmentary. These methods internally infer the phylogenetic relationship among the sequences in the existing alignment and the phylogenetic positions of unaligned sequences. Benchmarks based on two independent simulations consistently suggest that the “–addfragments” option outperforms recent methods, PaPaRa and PAGAN, in accuracy for difficult problems and that these three methods appropriately handle easy problems.
Availability: http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/
Contact: katoh@ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
SEQUENTIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGES OF RETINAL NECROSIS IN ACUTE OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS
Authors: Alwassia Ahmad A. , Cho Hyung , Adhi Mehreen , Duker Jay S. , Baumal Caroline R. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose:
To describe the features of sequential spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in an eye with acute primary toxoplasmosis.

Methods:
Case report of an individual diagnosed with acute primary toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Initial and follow-up spectral-domain OCT findings are described.

Results:
This patient developed retinitis as a result of an acute infection consistent with Toxoplasma gondii suggested by toxoplasma-specific IgM serology and the response to therapy. The retinitis appeared initially as a hyperreflective region on spectral-domain OCT. An intraretinal cyst consistent with T. gondii parasitic infection was identified. Subsequent OCT images demonstrated progression to full-thickness retinal necrosis with the development of cystic spaces in the retina.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography may be useful in characterizing the features, extent, and location of retinitis caused by T. gondii. Specific OCT features may indicate whether the infection is acute phase or becoming quiescent.
Verticillium Infection Triggers VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN7–Dependent de Novo Xylem Formation and Enhances Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Reusche Michael , Thole Karin , Janz Dennis , Truskina Jekaterina , Rindfleisch Sören , Drübert Christine , Polle Andrea , Lipka Volker , Teichmann Thomas 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The soilborne fungal plant pathogen Verticillium longisporum invades the roots of its Brassicaceae hosts and proliferates in the plant vascular system. Typical aboveground symptoms of Verticillium infection on Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana are stunted growth, vein clearing, and leaf chloroses. Here, we provide evidence that vein clearing is caused by pathogen-induced transdifferentiation of chloroplast-containing bundle sheath cells to functional xylem elements. In addition, our findings suggest that reinitiation of cambial activity and transdifferentiation of xylem parenchyma cells results in xylem hyperplasia within the vasculature of Arabidopsis leaves, hypocotyls, and roots. The observed de novo xylem formation correlates with Verticillium-induced expression of the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC DOMAIN (VND) transcription factor gene VND7. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the chimeric repressor VND7-SRDX under control of a Verticillium infection-responsive promoter exhibit reduced de novo xylem formation. Interestingly, infected Arabidopsis wild-type plants show higher drought stress tolerance compared with noninfected plants, whereas this effect is attenuated by suppression of VND7 activity. Together, our results suggest that V. longisporum triggers a tissue-specific developmental plant program that compensates for compromised water transport and enhances the water storage capacity of infected Brassicaceae host plants. In conclusion, we provide evidence that this natural plant–fungus pathosystem has conditionally mutualistic features.
Common mechanisms for calorie restriction and adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout models of longevity
Authors: Yan Lin , Park Ji Yeon , Dillinger Jean‐Guillaume , De Lorenzo Mariana S. , Yuan Chujun , Lai Lo , Wang Chunbo , Ho David , Tian Bin , Stanley William C. , Auwerx Johan , Vatner Dorothy E. , Vatner Stephen F. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAdenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout mice (AC5 KO) live longer and are stress resistant, similar to calorie restriction (CR). AC5 KO mice eat more, but actually weigh less and accumulate less fat compared with WT mice. CR applied to AC5 KO results in rapid decrease in body weight, metabolic deterioration, and death. These data suggest that despite restricted food intake in CR, but augmented food intake in AC5 KO, the two models affect longevity and metabolism similarly. To determine shared molecular mechanisms, mRNA expression was examined genome‐wide for brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver. Significantly more genes were regulated commonly rather than oppositely in all the tissues in both models, indicating commonality between AC5 KO and CR. Gene ontology analysis identified many significantly regulated, tissue‐specific pathways shared by the two models, including sensory perception in heart and brain, muscle function in skeletal muscle, and lipid metabolism in liver. Moreover, when comparing gene expression changes in the heart under stress, the glutathione regulatory pathway was consistently upregulated in the longevity models but downregulated with stress. In addition, AC5 and CR shared changes in genes and proteins involved in the regulation of longevity and stress resistance, including Sirt1, ApoD, and olfactory receptors in both young‐ and intermediate‐age mice. Thus, the similarly regulated genes and pathways in AC5 KO and CR mice, particularly related to the metabolic phenotype, suggest a unified theory for longevity and stress resistance.
Short‐term prophylaxis in hereditary angioedema due to deficiency of the C1‐inhibitor – a long‐term survey
Authors: Farkas H. , Zotter Z. , Csuka D. , Szabó E. , Nébenfűhrer Z. , Temesszentandrási G. , Jakab L. , Varga L. , Harmat G. , Karádi I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema is a potentially life‐threatening disorder, because edema occurring in the mucosa of the upper airways can lead to suffocation. The management of HAE consists of avoiding the triggering factors, prophylaxis, and the acute treatment of edematous episodes. Medical procedures can also provoke edematous attacks, and therefore, short‐term prophylaxis (STP) is recommended before such interventions. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of STP administered before medical procedures.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis before and a prospective survey after establishing the diagnosis in a group of 137 (60 males, 77 females; 20 pediatric and 117 adult) patients with HAE. Both were implemented using questionnaires, patient diaries and hospital charts focusing on medical interventions provoking edematous attack, and the medicinal products (C1‐INH concentrate, tranexamic acid, and danazol) administered for STP.ResultsComparing surgical interventions performed without pre‐event STP (in 39/89 patients before HAE was diagnosed), or after STP (in 3/55 cases after diagnosis), we found a significant (P < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test) reduction in the number of edematous episodes. Evaluating the efficacy of the drugs administered for STP revealed that C1‐INH concentrate (Berinert®, CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) was significantly (P = 0.0096, Fisher's exact test) superior to orally administered drugs in reducing the instances of postprocedural edema. None of the medicinal products caused adverse events potentially related to STP.ConclusionsSTP reduces the number of postprocedural edematous episodes. C1‐INH concentrate is safe and effective for prophylaxis. When this agent is not available, danazol is a potential alternative for prophylaxis before elective medical interventions.
A meta‐analysis of magnesium for tetanus
Authors: Rodrigo C. , Samarakoon L. , Fernando S. D. , Rajapakse S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryUncontrolled studies suggest that magnesium sulphate controls spasms in patients with established tetanus. We performed a meta‐analysis of controlled trials that compared magnesium sulphate with placebo or diazepam for the treatment of patients with tetanus. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane clinical trials registry. Three studies met the inclusion criteria, containing 275 participants (199 male patients, 72.4%). Magnesium sulphate did not reduce mortality, relative risk (95% CI): vs placebo, 0.80 (0.41–1.58); vs diazepam, 1.11 (0.70–1.75). The data on duration of total intensive care unit stay, total hospital stay and the need for ventilatory support were conflicting and pooling of results could not be done due to methodological differences of individual trials. More controlled trials are needed to assess the effect of magnesium sulphate on reducing autonomic instability, spasms, duration of intensive care and hospital stays and the need for mechanical ventilation.
Essential role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in evodiamine‐mediated protection against atherosclerosis
Authors: Wei J. , Ching L.‐C. , Zhao J.‐F. , Shyue S.‐K. , Lee H.‐F. , Kou Y. R. , Lee T.‐S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimWe investigated whether transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) was involved in the therapeutic effect of evodiamine, a main bioactive component in the fruit of Evodiae rutaecarpa, on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and ApoE−/−TRPV1−/− mice.MethodsHistopathology was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining, levels of cytokines and mediators were evaluated by ELISA kits, and protein expression was determined by Western blotting.ResultsChronic administration with evodiamine (10 mg kg−1 body weight) reduced the size of atherosclerotic lesions and alleviated the hyperlipidaemia and systemic inflammation, as well as hepatic macrovesicular steatosis, in ApoE−/− mice. Treating ApoE−/− mice with evodiamine enhanced hepatic cholesterol clearance, as revealed by upregulation of hepatic low‐density lipoprotein receptor and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5, ABCG8 and cholesterol 7α‐hydrolase. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 in ApoE−/− mice promoted the progression of atherosclerosis; elevated the serum levels of cholesterol, cytokines and chemokines; and exacerbated hepatic macrovesicular steatosis. Moreover, genetic deletion of TRPV1 abrogated the evodiamine‐evoked atheroprotection but not anti‐obesity effect in ApoE−/− mice.ConclusionEvodiamine may confer novel TRPV1‐dependent atheroprotection and TRPV1‐independent anti‐obesity action.
Social cognition in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: comparability in mental state decoding deficits
Authors: Donohoe Gary , Duignan Aoife , Hargreaves April , Morris Derek W , Rose Emma , Robertson Deirdre , Cummings Elizabeth , Moore Susan , Gill Michael , Corvin Aiden 
Published: October 2012

Donohoe G, Duignan A, Hargreaves A, Morris DW, Rose E, Robertson D, Cummings E, Moore S, Gill M, Corvin A. Social cognition in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: comparability in mental state decoding deficits. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 743–748. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Neuropsychological studies comparing patients with bipolar disorder (BD) to patients with schizophrenia (SZ) suggest milder cognitive deficits in BD patients and across a smaller range of functions. The present study investigated whether this pattern is also true for social cognition – a range of socially relevant abilities, including emotion perception and recognition, theory of mind, and social attributions – by comparing performance on measures of social cognition in patients with BD, SZ, and healthy participants.Methods:  One hundred and two patients with BD, 208 patients with SZ, and 132 healthy participants were assessed using a battery of tasks measuring basic neuropsychological and social cognition.Results:  We observed significant differences between patients with BD and healthy participants in a test of mental state decoding (‘eyes task’) that was at a level comparable to deficits seen in patients with SZ. By comparison, BD patients showed more subtle deficits in mental state reasoning (‘hinting task’) than those shown by patients with SZ.Conclusions:  Mental state decoding difficulties are significant in BD. An important direction for further research will be to establish to what extent these deficits affect social and occupational functioning as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Familial risks for childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia in Sweden and Finland: far exceeding the effects of known germline variants
Authors: Kharazmi Elham , da Silva Filho Miguel I. , Pukkala Eero , Sundquist Kristina , Thomsen Hauke , Hemminki Kari 
Published: October 2012

SummaryDespite recent successes in the identification of genetic susceptibility loci, no familial risk has been demonstrated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We identified 3994 childhood ALL cases from two cancer registries; family members were obtained from population registers. The standardized incidence ratio for familial risk in singleton siblings and twins was 3·2 (95% confidence interval 1·5–5·9) and 162·6 (70·2–320·4), respectively. The present data constitute the first demonstration of familial risk for singleton siblings; the high risk for twins is believed to result from shared prenatal blood circulation. The data suggest that currently unidentified genetic loci underlie these observed familial effects.
Customer interest in and experience with various types of pharmacy counselling – a qualitative study
Authors: Kaae Susanne , Traulsen Janine M , Nørgaard Lotte S 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundDespite pharmacists' extensive knowledge in the optimization of patients' medical treatments, community pharmacies are still fighting to earn patients' trust with respect to medicinal counselling at the counter.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate how patients perceive pharmacy counselling at the present time, in order to develop the patient–pharmacy relationship for the benefit of both patients and pharmacies.DesignShort semi‐structured interviews were carried out with pharmacy customers by pharmacy internship students.Setting and participantsOne hundred and eight customers in 35 independent pharmacies across Denmark were interviewed during the spring of 2011.Main variables studiedCustomers were interviewed about their expectations of pharmacies in general and their experiences with medical counselling in particular.ResultsCustomers perceive community pharmacies very differently in terms of both expectations of and positive experiences with counselling. They appear to be in favour of pharmacy counselling with respect to over‐the‐counter medicine and first‐time prescription medicine in contrast to refills. Customers find it difficult to express the health‐care role of pharmacies even when experiencing and appreciating it.DiscussionLack of appreciation of pharmacy counselling for refill prescription medicine and the difficulty in defining the role of pharmacies might stem from the difficulties that customers have in understanding medicine and thus the role of counselling services with respect to medicine. The pharmacy staff does not seem to realize these barriers.ConclusionsFor pharmacies to encourage customer interest in pharmacy counselling, the staff should start taking the identified barriers into account when planning communication strategies.
Mitochondrial analysis sheds light on the origin of hair sheep
Authors: Álvarez I. , Capote J. , Traoré A. , Fonseca N. , Pérez K. , Cuervo M. , Fernández I. , Goyache F. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA total of 180 mtDNA sequences from hair Caribbean (93), West African (73) and Canarian‐wooled (14) sheep were analysed to shed light on the origin of hair sheep. A comparison of 360 Iberian sheep sequences retrieved from GenBank was performed to assess a possible European origin of the Caribbean hair sheep. These 180 sequences gave 48 different haplotypes (16 in Caribbean sheep). All Caribbean and Canarian‐wooled sequences and 91.8% of the West African samples belonged to haplogroup B. The sheep analysed showed wide haplotypic identity. Caribbean sheep shared roughly two‐thirds of their samples with Canarian‐wooled and West African samples, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the Caribbean and the Canarian‐wooled sheep clustered together. Additional analyses showed that hair and Iberian sheep had wide genetic identity. It was not possible to ascertain a single Canarian, African or European origin of the Caribbean hair sheep using mtDNA markers only. European, African and Caribbean hair sheep maternal genetic backgrounds likely result from related domestication events.
Managing ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes: are the solutions the same?
Authors: Macfadyen Sarina , Cunningham Saul A. , Costamagna Alejandro C. , Schellhorn Nancy A. 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Biodiversity conservation and agricultural production have traditionally been viewed as substantially in conflict and recent declines in biodiversity have been linked to intensive agricultural production. An increased use of ecosystem services to benefit agricultural production has been proposed as one strategy to enhance conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and attenuate this conflict.2. We use examples from the literature to examine the relationship between management of agricultural landscapes for the provision of ecosystem services and management for biodiversity conservation.3. We argue that although there is a relationship between biodiversity conservation and management for ecosystem services, it does not follow that focusing solely on one or the other will provide reciprocal benefits of the kind we should be seeking in land‐use decision‐making.4. We identify a number of asymmetries in the relationship between management for maximizing ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Actions that increase or protect biodiversity in an agricultural landscape will often indirectly help preserve ecosystem services, but actions that focus on enhancing ecosystem services will not necessarily provide good outcomes for biodiversity.5. Synthesis and applications. Synergies between agricultural productivity and biodiversity conservation can only be achieved if an understanding of ecosystem services leads to a change in management practice that supports greater biodiversity.
Contrasting taxonomic and functional responses of a tropical tree community to selective logging
Authors: Baraloto Christopher , Hérault Bruno , Paine C. E. Timothy , Massot Hélène , Blanc Lilian , Bonal Damien , Molino Jean‐François , Nicolini Eric A. , Sabatier Daniel 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Considerable debate surrounds the extent to which tropical forests can be managed for resource extraction while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem properties, which depend on functional composition. Here we evaluate the compatibility of these aims by examining the effects of logging on taxonomic and functional diversity and composition in a tropical forest.2. Twenty years after selective logging, we inventoried 4140 stems regenerating in logging gaps and adjacent undisturbed areas, and we integrated a database of 13 functional traits describing leaf and wood economics of tropical trees.3. We found no differences in taxonomic and functional richness among habitats, but logging gaps had significantly higher taxonomic and functional evenness.4. Logging also effected striking, long‐term changes in both species and functional composition. In particular, the xylem density of recruits in logging gaps was 6% less than in unlogged forests, leaves were 11% less tough and had 6–13% greater mineral nutrient concentrations.5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that managers of tropical forests should limit overall surface area converted to logging gaps by creating fewer, larger gaps during selective logging, to reduce impacts on the taxonomic and functional composition of the regenerating stand.
Urbanization interferes with the use of amphibians as indicators of ecological integrity of wetlands
Authors: Guzy Jacquelyn C. , McCoy Earl D. , Deyle Anna C. , Gonzalez Shannon M. , Halstead Neal , Mushinsky Henry R. 
Published: October 2012

Summary1. Wetlands are ecologically and economically important ecosystems but are threatened globally by many forms of human disturbance. Understanding the responses of wetland species to human disturbance is essential for effective wetland management and conservation.2. We undertook a study to determine (i) whether anurans can be used effectively to assess the ecological integrity of wetlands affected by groundwater withdrawal and, if so, (ii) what effect increasing urbanization might have on the utility of anurans as wetland indicators. We monitored the intensity of anuran calls at 42 wetlands in south‐western Florida throughout 2001–2002 and 2005–2009.3. We first validated the use of anurans to assess wetland integrity using a small group of wetlands by comparing anuran calling and subsequent tadpole development with an established index employing vegetation composition and structure. We then verified that the results could be expanded to a variety of sites throughout the region. Finally, we focused on urbanized wetlands to determine whether urbanization could interfere with the use of anurans to assess wetland integrity.4. We used PRESENCE to estimate occupancy and detection probabilities and to examine the relationship between occupancy and five covariates expected to influence individual species occurrence. We used FRAGSTATS to calculate the mean proximity index for urbanized wetlands, which assesses the size and distribution of land use types within a specified area.5. Our results showed that the group of species including oak toad Anaxyrus quercicus, southern cricket frog Acris gryllus, pinewoods treefrog Hyla femoralis, barking treefrog Hyla gratiosa, and little grass frog Pseudacris ocularis is a reliable indicator of wetland integrity. However, this same group of species, which is sensitive to wetland health, is selectively excluded from urbanized wetlands.6. Synthesis and applications. Although anurans are effective indicators of wetland health and complement vegetation surveys, the usefulness of this group for monitoring the ecological integrity of wetlands can be substantially reduced, or eliminated, as a consequence of urbanization. We urge for careful consideration of confounding factors in any studies examining the utility of indicator species.