bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of cutaneous lesions in a cohort of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Fialho Maria C. , Garrido Pedro M. , Santos‐Coelho Miguel , Ferreirinha Ana , Martins Bárbara D. , Passos João , Moura Cecília 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome with a predisposition to the development of central nervous system tumors, ophthalmic manifestations, and dermatological lesions. The latter are present in 70–95% of patients and can precede the evolution of other tumors. However, they are not included in the diagnostic criteria and are frequently undervalued during follow‐up.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study characterizing cutaneous lesions in a cohort of NF2 patients was carried out. Dermatological examinations were performed, and lesions were classified into neural cutaneous tumors (superficial, SNCT, and deep, DNCT), hyperpigmented patches (HyperP), and hypopigmented patches (HypoP). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and EQ‐5D questionnaires were applied to evaluate the impact on quality of life.ResultsNineteen patients with a mean age of 36 years were included. Sixteen (84%) patients had cutaneous lesions, mostly developed 10 or more years before the diagnosis. SNCT, DNCT, and HyperP showed similar frequencies (58%). HypoP were observed in only one patient. HyperP developed, on average, earlier than NCT (9.6 vs. 16.5 SNCT, 17.0 DNCT; years). The excised lesions had different histological patterns, including neurofibromas, schwannomas, and a hybrid tumor. Most patients reported a low impact of cutaneous manifestations on the quality of life (DLQI 0 or 1).ConclusionsCutaneous lesions are frequent in NF2 and may precede the diagnosis by several years. Their identification is important to establish the diagnosis earlier and potentially reduce morbidity and mortality.
Exploring the potential of mushrooms in ready‐to‐eat snack formulations
Authors: Vattapparambil Aslam , Pulickakudy Ajithkumar Aswin , Dubey Praveen Kumar , Kumar Sourabh 
Published: July 2024

SummaryContemporary dining habits have spurred a shift in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) snack production, with mushrooms offering a nutritional boost due to their protein, carbohydrate, fibre and vitamin content. Proximate composition data aid in creating snacks with balanced nutrition. Mushrooms also contribute antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds, adding a health dimension. Extrusion cooking, known for adaptability and energy efficiency, improves texture, nutrition and shelf life. Though concerns exist about oil intake, frying remains popular for taste and consistency enhancement, requiring careful management. Baking extends shelf life and preserves flavour while enhancing nutrient availability. Various studies highlight the potential of these techniques to meet consumer preferences for convenient, appealing and health‐conscious snacks by incorporating ingredients like legume protein isolates, nuts and seeds, etc. The RTE snack industry evolves to provide healthier options driven by technological innovations and sustainability practices, with personalised and functional snacks on the horizon. The study aims to explore and highlight the nutritional benefits of incorporating mushrooms into RTE snacks and discusses the unique advantages of extrusion, frying and baking in snack production.
Plasma metabolomic profile of adiposity and body composition in childhood: The Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth cohort
Authors: Semnani‐Azad Zhila , Rahman Mohammad L. , Arguin Melina , Doyon Myriam , Perron Patrice , Bouchard Luigi , Hivert Marie‐France 
Published: July 2024

SummaryObjectiveThis study identified metabolite modules associated with adiposity and body fat distribution in childhood using gold‐standard measurements.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data from 329 children at mid‐childhood (age 5.3 ± 0.3 years; BMI 15.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2) from the Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G), a prospective pre‐birth cohort. We quantified 1038 plasma metabolites and measured body composition using the gold‐standard dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), in addition to skinfold, waist circumference, and BMI. We applied weighted‐correlation network analysis to identify a network of highly correlated metabolite modules. Spearman's partial correlations were applied to determine the associations of adiposity with metabolite modules and individual metabolites with false discovery rate (FDR) correction.ResultsWe identified a ‘green’ module of 120 metabolites, primarily comprised of lipids (mostly sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholine), that showed positive correlations (all FDR p < 0.05) with DXA estimates of total and truncal fat (ρadjusted = 0.11–0.19), skinfold measures (ρadjusted = 0.09–0.26), and BMI and waist circumference (ρadjusted = 0.15 and 0.18, respectively). These correlations were similar when stratified by sex. Within this module, sphingomyelin (d18:2/14:0, d18:1/14:1)*, a sphingomyelin sub‐specie that is an important component of cell membranes, showed the strongest associations.ConclusionsA module of metabolites was associated with adiposity measures in childhood.
Supportive periodontal care with or without subgingival instrumentation: Microbiological results of a 2‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Angst P. D. M. , Van der Velden U. , Susin C. , Gomes S. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the subgingival microbiota of patients receiving supportive periodontal care (SPC) with and without subgingival instrumentation, over 2 years.Materials and MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial that included 62 participants (50.97 ± 9.26 years old; 40 females) who completed non‐surgical periodontal therapy. Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral prophylaxis with oral hygiene instructions alone (test) or in combination with subgingival instrumentation (control) during SPC. Pooled subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from four sites per patient at SPC baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used for absolute quantification of Eubacteria and the target bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations, taking into consideration the clustering of observations within individuals.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the experimental groups regarding the mean counts of Eubacteria and target bacteria, as well as the periodontal parameters at the sampled sites. Although significant variability in bacterial counts was present during SPC, all counts after 2 years were not statistically different from those at baseline. Bacterial counts were associated with the presence of plaque, bleeding on probing, mean probing depth ≥3 mm, and follow‐up period.ConclusionsSPC with or without subgingival instrumentation can result in comparable subgingival microbiological outcomes. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01598155 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01598155?intr=supragingival%20control&rank=4#study-record-dates).
Social media discourse on ageism, sexism, and racism: Analysis of 150 million tweets over 15 years
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole , Liu Luyao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAgeism is a major but oft‐overlooked social determinant of health. In fact, it is widely accepted among scholars that ageism is one of the least acknowledged forms of inequality, although few empirical attempts have been made to substantiate this claim. This is the first study that quantifies the amount of discourse dedicated to ageism, sexism, and racism on Twitter. Specifically, we rely on the usage of hashtags as a proxy for the frequency of discussions surrounding each form of inequality over a 15‐year period from 2007 to 2022. We also identify key events that triggered spikes in Twitter activity for each form of inequality.MethodsHashtags related to racism and sexism were extracted from past scholarship. We also employed a snowball sampling method whereby we queried the hashtags using Twitter's search function to identify other hashtags. As limited research has been conducted on ageism‐related hashtags, we queried hashtags utilized by advocacy groups and adopted a snowball sampling method to compile other relevant hashtags. Tweets collected (N = 154,353,047) spanned 15 years, from August 23, 2007 to December 31, 2022.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2022, racism‐related hashtags were used the most, followed by sexism‐related hashtags and ageism‐related hashtags. Racism‐related hashtags (N = 99,250,348) were mentioned about 60 times more than ageism‐related hashtags (N = 1,648,926). Sexism‐related hashtags (N = 38,933,113) were mentioned 24 times more than ageism‐related hashtags. The increasing linear trend of tweets associated with ageism (p < 0.001), sexism (p < 0.05), and racism (p < 0.05) reached significance. Incidents of racism and sexism often generated widespread public outrage. Conversely, instances of ageism rarely caused spikes in social media activity. Rather, these spikes were mainly observed during events such as the release of a report on ageism, a conference related to aging, or observances such as International Day of Older Persons.ConclusionThere is a need to hasten moves to raise awareness of ageism. To ensure that discussions on ageism are not confined to academic and policy circles, advocacy campaigns could be held to educate the public on the issue and its negative concomitants.
Mental health of midwives during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Uchimura Mayumi , Miyauchi Ai , Takahashi Myori , Ota Erika , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimA summary of studies focusing on the mental health of midwives during the COVID‐19 pandemic has not yet been conducted. This review aims to comprehensively understand the current state of midwives' mental health in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic and to provide valuable insights to guide future research.MethodsThis study was based on a framework for conducting scoping reviews. The protocol was registered before conducting this review and procedures were carried out according to that protocol. Article searches were conducted in four databases from December 2019 to December 2023. From 921 articles selected according to pre‐registered protocol criteria, the analysis finally included 14 studies.ResultsA total of 13 studies were cross‐sectional and one was longitudinal, with pre‐pandemic data. More than 80% of the studies began data collection within approximately 1 year after the pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization (by February 2021). Half of the studies were conducted in Asia. Burnout and turnover intentions were investigated in several studies but used different measures. Only two studies were aimed at positive aspects such as job satisfaction and well‐being.ConclusionsMost research on midwives' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic has focused on negative aspects such as burnout and turnover intentions. However, most results were cross‐sectional, with studies in the early stages of the pandemic, so continued follow‐up is needed.
Statistical significance, clinical importance and effect sizes: Enhancing understanding of a study's results
Authors: Glaros Alan G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe proper interpretation of a study’s results requires both excellent understanding of good methodological practices and deep knowledge of prior results, aided by the availability of effect sizes.MethodsThis review takes the form of an expository essay exploring the complex and nuanced relationships among statistical significance, clinical importance, and effect sizes.ResultsCareful attention to study design and methodology will increase the likelihood of obtaining statistical significance and may enhance the ability of investigators/readers to accurately interpret results. Measures of effect size show how well the variables used in a study account for/explain the variability in the data. Studies reporting strong effects may have greater practical value/utility than studies reporting weak effects. Effect sizes need to be interpreted in context. Verbal summary characterizations of effect sizes (e.g., “weak”, “strong”) are fundamentally flawed and can lead to inappropriate characterization of results. Common language effect size (CLES) indicators are a relatively new approach to effect sizes that may offer a more accessible interpretation of results that can benefit providers, patients, and the public at large.ConclusionsIt is important to convey research findings in ways that are clear to both the research community and to the public. At a minimum, this requires inclusion of standard effect size data in research reports. Proper selection of measures and careful design of studies are foundational to the interpretation of a study’s results. The ability to draw useful conclusions from a study is increased when investigators enhance the methodological quality of their work.
Low serum adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in obese dogs
Authors: Lu J. , Zhu D.‐X. , Wu Z. , Liu L. , Hao F.‐X. , Jiang Z.‐H. , Xu W.‐X. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesAdiponectin plays an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, the evidence regarding the association between adiponectin and diabetes mellitus in obese dogs is sparse. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of adiponectin with the risk of diabetes mellitus in obese dogs on the basis of a prospective cohort study.Materials and MethodsSerum adiponectin levels in obese dogs recruited from three small animal hospitals between 2015 and 2018 were measured by ELISA. Electronic health records were used to record the incidence of diabetes mellitus during follow‐up for 3 years.ResultsA total of 862 dogs were included. Amongst the 862 dogs, 51 developed diabetes. Adiponectin levels were associated with diabetes mellitus after adjusting for sex, age, breed, exercise, body condition score, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. When adjusting for sex, age, breed, exercise, body condition score, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol, the adjusted hazard ratios were 7.83 (95% confidence interval: 2.67 to 30.13) in the lowest adiponectin group and 1.96 (95% CI: 1.10 to 8.55) in the medium adiponectin group relative to that in the highest adiponectin group. The area under a curve of adiponectin's Receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.86).Clinical SignificanceLow adiponectin is associated with diabetes mellitus and has a high risk of incident diabetes mellitus, implying the potential of adiponectin as a predictive biomarker of diabetes mellitus in obese dogs.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation along with cognitive training on cognitive functions and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saeidi Elahe , Rostami Hamid Reza , Vahedi Mohsen , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In recent years, the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been investigated on various disabilities related to PD, including sensory and motor deficits and fatigue.AimTo investigate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) along with cognitive training on attention, working memory, reaction time (RTI), response inhibition, and activities of daily living performance.MethodsThis pilot randomized, single‐blinded, and sham‐controlled trial was performed on 32 people with PD who were blocked randomized equally into intervention and control groups. Intervention group received ten 20‐min sessions of tDCS during ten 45‐min sessions of cognitive training, while control group received ten 20‐min sessions of sham‐tDCS during ten 45‐min sessions of cognitive training. Anodal electrode of tDCS (2 mA) was placed over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), while cathode was over right supraorbital region. A blinded assessor performed pretest, posttest, and follow‐up assessments using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and four subtests of the CANTAB computer test including Match to Sample Visual Search, spatial span task, stop signal task, and RTI.ResultsThe results showed significant differences within groups over time in the mean scores of attention (F = 24.73, p = 0.00), working memory (F = 19.06, p = 0.000), RTI (F = 8.63, p = 0.005), response inhibition (F = 15.75, p = 0.000), and activity of daily living performance (F = 6.73, p = 0.013).ConclusiontDCS (anodal electrode over the left DLPFC and cathodal electrode over the right supraorbital region) along with cognitive training could facilitate improvement of cognitive functions and activities of daily living performance compared to routine cognitive exercises in people with PD.
Medical semiology of patients with monogenic obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Renard Emeline , Thevenard‐Berger Ariane , Meyre David 
Published: July 2024

SummaryPatients with monogenic obesity display numerous medical features on top of hyperphagic obesity, but no study to date has provided an exhaustive description of their semiology. Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from inception to January 2022 to identify studies that described symptoms of patients carrying pathogenic mutations in at least one of eight monogenic obesity genes (ADCY3, LEP, LEPR, MC3R, MC4R, MRAP2, PCSK1, and POMC). Of 5207 identified references, 269 were deemed eligible after title and abstract screening, full‐text reading, and risk of bias and quality assessment. Data extraction included mutation spectrum and mode of inheritance, clinical presentation (e.g., anthropometry, energy intake and eating behaviors, digestive function, puberty and fertility, cognitive features, infectious diseases, morphological characteristics, chronic respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease), biological characteristics (metabolic profile, endocrinology, hematology), radiological features, and treatments. The review provides an exhaustive description of mandatory, non‐mandatory, and unique symptoms in heterozygous and homozygous carriers of mutation in eight monogenic obesity genes. This information is critical to help clinicians to orient genetic testing in subsets of patients with suspected monogenic obesity and provide actionable treatments (e.g., recombinant leptin and MC4R agonist).
Vortioxetine for depression in adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Xin , Fang Shuping , Lyu Wenqi , Hu Yongbo , Xu Huifang , Jiang Xiao , Zhao Yurou , Zhang Yuwei , Li Jin , Kuang Weihong 
Published: July 2024

AimMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition and vortioxetine offers promising antidepressant effects due to its unique pharmacological profile. However, the dose–response relationships of vortioxetine for MDD is not well established. We aimed to conduct dose–response meta‐analyses to fill this gap.MethodsWe systematically searched multiple electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of vortioxetine for MDD, with the last search conducted on 08 February, 2024. The dose–response relationship was evaluated using a one‐stage random‐effects dose–response meta‐analysis with restricted cubic spline model. The primary outcome was efficacy (mean change in depression scale score), with secondary outcomes including response, dropout for any reasons (acceptability), dropout for adverse events (tolerability), and any adverse events (safety).ResultsThe dose–response meta‐analysis comprised 16 studies, with 4,294 participants allocated to the vortioxetine group and 2,299 participants allocated to the placebo group. The estimated 50% effective dose was 4.37 mg/day, and the near‐maximal effective dose (95% effective dose) was 17.93 mg/day. Visual inspection of the dose‐efficacy curve suggests that a plateau possibly had not been reached yet at 20 mg/day. Acceptability, tolerability and safety decreased as the dose increased. Subgroup analysis indicated that no significant differences were observed in acceptability, tolerability and safety among the dosage groups.ConclusionsVortioxetine may potentially provide additional therapeutic benefits when exceeding the current licensed dosage without significantly impacting safety. Conducting clinical trials exceeding the current approved dosage appears necessary to fully comprehend its efficacy and risk.
The development of yellow lupin anthers depends on the relationship between jasmonic acid and indole‐3‐acetic acid
Authors: Marciniak Katarzyna , Przedniczek Krzysztof , Kęsy Jacek , Święcicki Wojciech , Kopcewicz Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the course of anther development, including post‐meiotic maturation, dehiscence and senescence, is ensured by the interdependencies between jasmonic acid (JA) and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). The concentration of JA peaked during anther dehiscence when IAA level was low, whereas the inverse relationship was specific to anther senescence. Cellular and tissue localization of JA and IAA, in conjunction with broad expression profile for genes involved in biosynthesis, signalling, response, and homeostasis under different conditions, allowed to complete and define the role of studied phytohormones during late anther development, as well as predict events triggered by them. The development/degeneration of septum and anther wall cells, dehydration of epidermis, and rupture of stomium may involve JA signalling, while the formation of secondary thickening in endothecial cell walls is rather JA independent. The IAA is involved in programmed cell death (PCD)‐associated processes during anther senescence but does not exclude its participation in the anther dehiscence processes, mainly related to cell disintegration and degeneration. A detailed understanding of these multistage processes, especially at the level of phytohormonal interplay, can contribute to the effective control of male fertility, potentially revolutionizing the breeding of L. luteus.