bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portal Vein Stenting to Treat Portal Vein Stenosis in a Patient With Malignant Tumor and Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Sakurai Katsunobu , Amano Ryosuke , Yamamoto Akira , Nishida Norifumi , Matsutani Shinya , Hirata Keiichiro , Kimura Kenjiro , Muguruma Kazuya , Toyokawa Takahiro , Kubo Naoshi , Tanaka Hiroaki , Yashiro Masakazu , Ohira Masaichi , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This report describes the successful use of portal venous stent placement for a patient with recurrent melena secondary to jejunal varices that developed after subtotal stomach preserved pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD). A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with tarry stool and severe anemia at 2 years after SSPPD for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Abdominal computed tomography examination showed severe stenosis of the extrahepatic portal vein caused by local recurrence and showed an intensely enhanced jejunal wall at the choledochojejunostomy. Gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy also revealed active bleeding near the choledochojejunostomy. Based on these findings, jejunal varices resulting from portal vein stenosis were suspected as the cause of the melena. Portal vein stenting and balloon dilation was performed via the ileocecal vein after laparotomy. Coiling of the jejunal varices and sclerotherapy of the dilate postgastric vein with 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol was performed. After portal stent placement, the patient was able to lead a normal life without gastrointestinal hemorrhage. However, he died 7 months later due to liver metastasis.
Safe Transanal Tumor Resection Using a Harmonic Scalpel
Authors: Inoue Yuji , Ohki Takeshi , Nakagawa Ryousuke , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We performed a safe and simple transanal tumor resection involving total layer resection using a harmonic scalpel as a resecting device. Here we report the results of our experience with this technique between 2005 and 2011. This study involved 32 patients who underwent transanal tumor resection using a harmonic scalpel. The subjects comprised 18 men and 14 women ranging in age from 34 to 87 years (mean: 64.5 years). The tumors measured 8 to 70 mm (mean: 31 mm) in diameter. The operation took 7 to 86 minutes (mean: 29 minutes), and the amount of bleeding was 0 to 165 mL (mean: 16.2 mL). There was no intraoperative blood loss that necessitated hemostatic procedures. Histopathologically, the lesions included hyperplastic polyp in 1 case, adenoma in 9, carcinoma in situ in 7, submucosal invasive cancer in 6, muscularis propria cancer in 4, carcinoid in 1, malignant lymphoma in 1, gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1, mucosal prolapsed syndrome in 1, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in 1. With our technique, en bloc resection was achieved in all patients, and the use of a harmonic scalpel enabled us to complete the operation within 30 minutes, on average, without intraoperative bleeding.
A Rare Case of Granular Cell Tumor of the Anal Region: Diagnostic Difficulty to Masses in the Anal Area
Authors: Fujii Takaaki , Morita Hiroki , Yamaguchi Satoru , Tsutsumi Soichi , Asao Takayuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Granular cell tumor may be located anywhere in the body; however, the gastrointestinal tract is infrequently involved and anal granular cell tumors are extremely rare. We report herein a rare case of granular cell tumor in the anal region. In the current case, a 66-year-old Japanese woman was found to have a polypoid lesion in the anus with hemorrhoids. The mass detected as an anal polypoid lesion with ulceration was resected and diagnosed as granular cell tumor by histologic examination. Granular cell tumor of the anal region is rare, and benign perianal polypoid lesions are relatively uncommon clinical findings. They might present diagnostic challenges to surgeons and pathologists. Awareness of the differential diagnosis of granular cell tumor and careful microscopic examination might allow proper management and diagnosis.
Seminal Vesicle-Rectal Fistula Secondary to Anastomotic Leakage After Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Kitazawa Masato , Hiraguri Manabu , Maeda Chika , Yoshiki Mizukami , Horigome Naoto , Kaneko Gengo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We report a case of a patient with seminal vesicle-rectal fistula, an extremely rare complication of low anterior resection of the rectum. A 53-year-old man with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent low anterior resection in our hospital. The patient experienced diarrhea, pneumaturia, and low-grade fever on postoperative day 13. A computed tomography scan showed emphysema in the right seminal vesicle. We concluded that anastomotic leakage induced a seminal vesicle-rectal fistula. The patient underwent conservative therapy with total parenteral nutrition and oral intake of metronidazole. Diarrhea and pneumaturia rapidly improved after metronidazole administration and the patient was successfully cured without invasive therapy such as colostomy or surgical drainage. A seminal vesicle-rectal fistula is a rare complication of low anterior resection, and therapeutic strategies for this condition remain elusive. Our report provides valuable information on the successful conservative treatment of a secondary seminal vesicle-rectal fistula that developed after low anterior resection of the rectum in a patient.
Molecular Analysis of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Basehore Monica J. , Friez Michael J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe gene responsible for Fragile X syndrome, fragile X mental retardation‐1 (FMR1), contains an unstable sequence of CGG trinucleotide repeats in its promoter region. Expansions of >200 trinucleotide repeats are considered full mutations and typically lead to abnormal methylation of the region, resulting in loss of FMR1 expression. Males with loss of FMR1 protein are expected to be affected by Fragile X syndrome, while females may or may not clinically manifest features of the condition. The protocols in this unit outline the complementary use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation‐sensitive Southern blot hybridization to accurately measure trinucleotide repeat size and methylation status. These protocols are also used to evaluate CGG repeat size in two adult‐onset conditions known for their association with FMR1 premutation alleles, Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS) syndrome and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF). Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 80:9.5.1‐9.5.19. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Seismicity within a propagating ice shelf rift: The relationship between icequake locations and ice shelf structure
Authors: Heeszel David S. , Fricker Helen A. , Bassis Jeremy N. , O'Neel Shad , Walter Fabian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIceberg calving is a dominant mass loss mechanism for Antarctic ice shelves, second only to basal melting. An important process involved in calving is the initiation and propagation of through‐penetrating fractures called rifts; however, the mechanisms controlling rift propagation remain poorly understood. To investigate the mechanics of ice shelf rifting, we analyzed seismicity associated with a propagating rift tip on the Amery Ice Shelf, using data collected during the austral summers of 2004–2007. We apply a suite of passive seismological techniques including icequake locations, back projection, and moment tensor inversion. We confirm previous results that show ice shelf rifting is characterized by periods of relative quiescence punctuated by swarms of intense seismicity of 1 to 3 h. Even during periods of quiescence, we find significant deformation around the rift tip. Moment tensors, calculated for a subset of the largest icequakes (Mw > −2.0) located near the rift tip, show steeply dipping fault planes, horizontal or shallowly plunging stress orientations, and often have a significant volumetric component. They also reveal that much of the observed seismicity is limited to the upper 50 m of the ice shelf. This suggests a complex system of deformation that involves the propagating rift, the region behind the rift tip, and a system of rift‐transverse crevasses. Small‐scale variations in the mechanical structure of the ice shelf, especially rift‐transverse crevasses and accreted marine ice, play an important role in modulating the rate and location of seismicity associated with the propagating ice shelf rifts.
Polypoid changes of the middle turbinate as an indicator of atopic disease
Authors: White Laura J. , Rotella Melissa R. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundHigh levels of local immunoglobulin E (IgE) have been demonstrated in nasal polypoid tissue; however, an association between nasal polyps and allergy has not been proven. The authors have observed that polypoid edema isolated to the leading edge of the middle turbinate (MT) is highly associated with allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between isolated MT polyps and inhalant allergy.MethodsA single institution prospective study was performed. Twenty‐five consecutive patients found to have isolated MT polyps on endoscopic exam were recruited. Nasal and allergy symptoms were documented on the intake form. Allergy testing was recommended to all patients.ResultsOf the 25 patients found to have isolated MT polypoid edema documented on endoscopic exam, 16 patients underwent skin or in vitro allergy testing. All of the patients tested positive for inhalant allergy.ConclusionThis small series provides strong evidence to support an association between isolated MT polypoid edema and allergy. We recommend allergy testing in all patients with isolated MT polyps or polypoid edema.
Osteitis is a misnomer: a histopathology study in primary chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Snidvongs Kornkiat , Earls Peter , Dalgorf Dustin , Sacks Raymond , Pratt Eleanor , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe histological features of osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in animal studies induced by bacterial inoculation into maxillary sinuses revealed inflammatory involvement of the underlying bone matrix and/or the Haversian system; however, human studies do not mention these findings. The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory characterization of osteitis in CRS.MethodA prospective study of primary CRS patients undergoing sinus surgery was conducted (August 2012 to April 2013). Bone‐mucosa samples were taken from a predetermined site that correlated to a computed tomography location. Radiological bone thickness was measured. A blinded histopathological assessment included inflammatory infiltrate of bone, periosteal reaction, presence of osteoblasts or osteoclasts, fibrosis, and the percentage of new woven bone to total bone thickness, together with an overall opinion of whether neo‐osteogenesis was present.ResultsTwenty‐two primary CRS patients (age 45.8 ± 15.6 years; 59.1% female) were recruited. CRS with polyps accounted for 59.1% of patients. The bony thickness measured radiologically was a median 1.72 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.38; range, 0.3‐12.14) mm. No samples (0%) had evidence of inflammatory infiltrate of bone; 90.9% had both osteoblasts present and new woven bone formation. Woven bone was greater with periosteal reaction (80.83% ± 9.25% vs. 47.50% ± 29.37%; p = 0.006), greater with osteoclasts present (80.00% ± 12.58% vs 59.00% ± 28.52%; p = 0.03), and greater when fibrosis was present (69.75% ± 24.14% vs 25.00% ± 7.07%; p = 0.003).ConclusionMost primary CRS patients demonstrated evidence of new woven bone formation. True “osteitis” with inflammatory infiltrate of the bone was not observed. “Osteitis” is likely a process of neo‐osteogenesis and bone remodeling, rather than bone inflammation in primary CRS.
Size‐Dependent Phase Transformation of Catalytically Active Nanoparticles Captured In Situ
Authors: Fischer Nico , Clapham Brett , Feltes Theresa , van Steen Eric , Claeys Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe utilization of metal nanoparticles traverses across disciplines and we continue to explore the intrinsic size‐dependent properties that make them so unique. Ideal nanoparticle formulation to improve a process’s efficiency is classically presented as exposing a greater surface area to volume ratio through decreasing the nanoparticle size. Although, the physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, such as phase, structure, or behavior, may be influenced by the nature of the environment in which the nanoparticles are subjected1, 2 and, in some cases, could potentially lead to unwanted side effects. The degree of this influence on the particle properties can be size‐dependent, which is seldom highlighted in research. Herein we reveal such an effect in an industrially valuable cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst using novel in situ characterization. We expose a direct correlation that exists between the cobalt nanoparticle’s size and a phase transformation, which ultimately leads to catalyst deactivation.
Direct Catalytic Trifluoromethylthiolation of Boronic Acids and Alkynes Employing Electrophilic Shelf‐Stable N‐(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide
Authors: Pluta Roman , Nikolaienko Pavlo , Rueping Magnus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new and safe method for the synthesis of N‐(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide, a convenient and shelf‐stable reagent for the direct trifluoromethylthiolation, has been developed. N‐(Trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide can be used as an electrophilic source of F3CS+ and reacts readily with boronic acids and alkynes under copper catalysis. The utility of CF3S‐containing molecules as biologically active agents, the mild reaction conditions employed, and the high tolerance of functional groups demonstrate the potential of this new methodology to be widely applied in organic synthesis as well as industrial pharmaceutical and agrochemical research and development.
Dipole‐Induced Band‐Gap Reduction in an Inorganic Cage
Authors: Lv Yaokang , Cheng Jun , Steiner Alexander , Gan Lihua , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMetal‐doped polyoxotitanium cages are a developing class of inorganic compounds which can be regarded as nano‐ and sub‐nano sized molecular relatives of metal‐doped titania nanoparticles. These species can serve as models for the ways in which dopant metal ions can be incorporated into metal‐doped titania (TiO2), a technologically important class of photocatalytic materials with broad applications in devices and pollution control. In this study a series of cobalt(II)‐containing cages in the size range ca. 0.7–1.3 nm have been synthesized and structurally characterized, allowing a coherent study of the factors affecting the band gaps in well‐defined metal‐doped model systems. Band structure calculations are consistent with experimental UV/Vis measurements of the TixOy absorption edges in these species and reveal that molecular dipole moment can have a profound effect on the band gap. The observation of a dipole‐induced band‐gap decrease mechanism provides a potentially general design strategy for the formation of low band‐gap inorganic cages.
Thread Insertion of a Bis(dipyridophenazine) Diruthenium Complex into the DNA Double Helix by the Extrusion of AT Base Pairs and Cross‐Linking of DNA Duplexes
Authors: Boer D. Roeland , Wu Lisha , Lincoln Per , Coll Miquel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe crystal structure of the Δ,Δ enantiomer of the binuclear “light‐switch” ruthenium complex [μ‐(11,11′‐bidppz)(1,10‐phenanthroline)4 Ru2]4+ bound to the oligonucleotide d(CGTACG) shows that one dppz moiety of the dumbbell‐like compound inserts into the DNA stack through the extrusion of an AT base pair. The second dppz moiety recruits a neighboring DNA molecule, and the complex thus cross‐links two adjacent duplexes by bridging their major grooves.
Highly Efficient Four‐Component Synthesis of 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling Reactions
Authors: He Lin , Li Haoquan , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGiven the importance of quinazolinones and carbonylative transformations, a palladium‐catalyzed four‐component carbonylative coupling system for the synthesis of diverse 4(3H)‐quinazolinone in a concise and convergent fashion has been developed. Starting from 2‐bromoanilines (1 mmol), trimethyl orthoformate (2 mmol), and amines (1.1 mmol), under 10 bar of CO, the desired products were isolated in good yields in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (2 mol %), BuPAd2 (6 mol %) in 1,4‐dioxane (2 mL) at 100 °C, using N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (2 mmol) as the base. Notably, the process tolerates the presence of various reactive functional groups and is very selective for quinazolinones, and was used in the synthesis of the precursor to the bioactive dihydrorutaempine.
Site‐Differentiated Polyboron Arenes Prepared by Direct CH Borylation and Their Highly Selective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Xu Liang , Ding Siyi , Li Pengfei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDi‐ and polyboron (hetero)arenes, site‐differentiated with MIDA boronyl (MIDA=N‐methyliminodiacetic acid) and pinacolato boronyl (Bpin), were prepared by an iridium‐catalyzed direct CH borylation of readily available (hetero)aryl MIDA boronates. The excellent synthetic uses of these multisite nucleophiles were demonstrated by the high‐yield production of a variety of multifunctionalized poly(hetero)arenes with the highly chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) of the Bpin moiety being an essential step.
S‐((Phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl)thiophenium Salts: Carbon‐Selective Electrophilic Difluoromethylation of β‐Ketoesters, β‐Diketones, and Dicyanoalkylidenes
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Guokai , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Shibata Naoyuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractS‐((Phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl)thiophenium salts were designed and prepared by a triflic acid catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of ortho‐ethynyl aryldifluoromethyl sulfanes. The thiophenium salts were found to be efficient as electrophilic difluoromehtylating reagents for introduction of a CF2H group to sp3‐hybridized carbon nucleophiles such as of β‐ketoesters and dicyanoalkylidenes. The (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl group can be readily transformed into CF2H under mild reaction conditions. Enantioselective electrophilic difluoromethylation was also achieved in the presence of bis(cinchona) alkaloids.
An Electrochemically and Thermally Switchable Donor–Acceptor [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane
Authors: Bruns Carson J. , Li Jianing , Frasconi Marco , Schneebeli Severin T. , Iehl Julien , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre , Stupp Samuel I. , Voth Gregory A. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough motor proteins are essential cellular components that carry out biological processes by converting chemical energy into mechanical motion, their functions have been difficult to mimic in artificial synthetic systems. Daisy chains are a class of rotaxanes which have been targeted to serve as artificial molecular machines because their mechanically interlocked architectures enable them to contract and expand linearly, in a manner that is reminiscent of the sarcomeres of muscle tissue. The scope of external stimuli that can be used to control the musclelike motions of daisy chains remains limited, however, because of the narrow range of supramolecular motifs that have been utilized in their templated synthesis. Reported herein is a cyclic daisy chain dimer based on π‐associated donor–acceptor interactions, which can be actuated with either thermal or electrochemical stimuli. Molecular dynamics simulations have shown the daisy chain’s mechanism of extension/contraction in the ground state in atomistic detail.
Copper Nanoparticles on Graphene Support: An Efficient Photocatalyst for Coupling of Nitroaromatics in Visible Light
Authors: Guo Xiaoning , Hao Caihong , Jin Guoqiang , Zhu Huai‐Yong , Guo Xiang‐Yun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCopper is a low‐cost plasmonic metal. Efficient photocatalysts of copper nanoparticles on graphene support are successfully developed for controllably catalyzing the coupling reactions of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding azoxy or azo compounds under visible‐light irradiation. The coupling of nitrobenzene produces azoxybenzene with a yield of 90 % at 60 °C, but azobenzene with a yield of 96 % at 90 °C. When irradiated with natural sunlight (mean light intensity of 0.044 W cm−2) at about 35 °C, 70 % of the nitrobenzene is converted and 57 % of the product is azobenzene. The electrons of the copper nanoparticles gain the energy of the incident light through a localized surface plasmon resonance effect and photoexcitation of the bound electrons. The excited energetic electrons at the surface of the copper nanoparticles facilitate the cleavage of the NO bonds in the aromatic nitro compounds. Hence, the catalyzed coupling reaction can proceed under light irradiation and moderate conditions. This study provides a green photocatalytic route for the production of azo compounds and highlights a potential application for graphene.
Enhancement in the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of high performance liquid crystalline epoxy composites through uniaxial orientation of mesogenic on carbon fiber
Authors: Guo Huilong , Lu Mangeng , Liang Liyan , Zheng Jian , Zhang Yunfei , Li Yinwen , Li Zhaoxia , Yang Chenghua 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, a high performance liquid crystalline epoxy composite was prepared and the effect of the alignment of LCE with long lateral substituent on the carbon fiber surface curing at low temperature on fracture toughness, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of liquid crystalline epoxy with lateral substituent (LCE6) was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide angle X‐ray diffraction measurements (WAXS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Curing degree of the composite was observed by FTIR. The experimental results indicate that the fracture toughness, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability, degradation kinetics are associated with the alignment of LCE6 along long axis of carbon fiber. The alignment of LCE6 on carbon fiber surface can increase mesogen network density, which leads to higher fracture toughness, higher thermal stability, increase of the activation energies and higher Tg of the composite. The dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the compoaite possesses extremely higher dynamic storage moduli, which indicates that this LCE6/DDM/CF composite can be a high performance composite. Thus, the compoaite can be a potential candidate for advanced composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40363.
Fire‐retardant hybrid thermosetting resins from unsaturated polyesters and polysilazanes
Authors: Steffen Sebastian , Bauer Monika , Decker Daniel , Richter Frank 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis introduces an organic–inorganic thermosetting hybrid resin system based on unsaturated polyester and polysilazanes. It shows the chemical modification of unsaturated polyester structures by end capping to enable the combination of both components. In general, halogen‐free unsaturated polyesters are not fire‐retardant and have to be equipped with additives. Fillers and intumescent additives are preponderantly used in today's fire‐retardant formulations. In contrast to these fire‐retardants, polysilazanes act as ceramizing agents. Polysilazanes are suitable fire‐retardants for resin transfer molding due to their low viscosity. Both burning behavior and glass transition temperature (Tg) are investigated as important application properties. In contrast to state‐of‐the‐art fire‐retardant formulations polysilazane‐based thermosetting hybrid resins burn with high intensity and fast extinction. Therefore, total heat and smoke emission is decreased. The formation of ceramic structures during burning results in high residual mechanical properties and a low mass loss. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40375.