bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative tools and modeling methodology for impact prediction and assessment of the contribution of materials on indoor air quality
Authors: Desauziers V , Bourdin D , Mocho P , Plaisance H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
The combination of more and more airtight buildings and the emission of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by building, decoration and furniture materials lead to lower indoor air quality. Hence, it is an important challenge for public health but also for the preservation of cultural heritage, as for example, artworks in museum showcases and other cultural objects. Indeed, some VOCs such as organic acids or carbonyl compounds may play a role in the degradation of some metallic objects or historic papers. Thus, simple and cost effective sampling tools are required to meet the recent and growing demand of on-site diagnostic of indoor air quality, including emission source identification and their ranking.

Results
In this aim, we developed new tools based on passive sampling (Solid-Phase Micro Extraction, SPME) to measure carbonyls compounds (including formaldehyde) and other VOCs and both in indoor air and at the material/air interface. On one hand, the coupling of SPME with a specially designed emission cell allows the screening and the quantification of the VOCs emitted by building, decoration or furniture materials. On the other hand, indoor air is simply analysed using new vacuum vial sampling combined with VOCs pre-concentration by SPME. These alternative sampling methods are energy free, compact, silent and easy to implement for on-site measurements. They show satisfactory analytical performance as detection limits range from 0.05 to 0.1 µg m−3 with an average Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 18 %. They already have been applied to monitoring of indoor air quality and building material emissions for a 6 months period. The data obtained were in agreement with the prediction of a physical monozonal model which considers building materials both as VOC sources and sinks and air exchange rate in one single room (“box model”).

Conclusion
Results are promising, even if more data are required to complete validation, and the model could be envisaged as a predictive tool for indoor air quality. This new integrated approach involving measurements and modeling could be easily transposed to historic environments and to the preservation of cultural heritage.
High-quality permanent draft genome sequence of the extremely osmotolerant diphenol degrading bacterium Halotalea alkalilenta AW-7T, and emended description of the genus Halotalea
Authors: Ntougias Spyridon , Lapidus Alla , Copeland Alex , Reddy T. B. K. , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia N. , Markowitz Victor M. , Klenk Hans-Peter , Woyke Tanja , Fasseas Constantinos , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Zervakis Georgios I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMembers of the genus Halotalea (family Halomonadaceae) are of high significance since they can tolerate the greatest glucose and maltose concentrations ever reported for known bacteria and are involved in the degradation of industrial effluents. Here, the characteristics and the permanent-draft genome sequence and annotation of Halotalea alkalilenta AW-7T are described. The microorganism was sequenced as a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: the one thousand microbial genomes (KMG) project at the DOE Joint Genome Institute, and it is the only strain within the genus Halotalea having its genome sequenced. The genome is 4,467,826 bp long and consists of 40 scaffolds with 64.62 % average GC content. A total of 4,104 genes were predicted, comprising of 4,028 protein-coding and 76 RNA genes. Most protein-coding genes (87.79 %) were assigned to a putative function. Halotalea alkalilenta AW-7T encodes the catechol and protocatechuate degradation to β-ketoadipate via the β-ketoadipate and protocatechuate ortho-cleavage degradation pathway, and it possesses the genetic ability to detoxify fluoroacetate, cyanate and acrylonitrile. An emended description of the genus Halotalea Ntougias et al. 2007 is also provided in order to describe the delayed fermentation ability of the type strain.
Induced polarization response of porous media with metallic particles — Part 2: Comparison with a broad database of experimental data
Authors: Revil André , Abdel Aal Gamal Z. , Atekwana Estella A. , Mao Deqiang , Florsch Nicolas 
Published: August 2015

We have derived a set of new relationships describing polarization parameters in porous materials with disseminated particles made of a semiconductor, such as pyrite or magnetite. We have compared various predictions of this model to a broad set of experimental data. The chargeability was found to be controlled only by the volume fraction of metallic particles in agreement with the experimental data. The relaxation time, defined from the peak frequency of the phase, was observed to be proportional to the square of the size of the metallic particles and was independent of the salinity of the pore water solution. The relationship between the peak frequency and the grain size could be used to determine the diffusion coefficient of the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-charge carriers in the semiconductor. This diffusion coefficient was consistent with the mobility of the charge carriers derived from theoretical considerations or electric-conductivity measurements. The resistivity of a mixture of a porous matrix characterized by a low-chargeability and dispersed semiconductors does not depend on the content of metallic grains, as long as the grains are below a percolation threshold (< 22 vol.%). Various experiments were performed using magnetite and pyrite at different grain sizes, weight fractions, and with/without porous materials (i.e., suspended in agar gel). These data were used to test some additional aspects of the model. We found excellent agreement between the model predictions and these experimental data.
Screening Peers Softly: Inferring the Quality of Small Borrowers
Authors: Iyer Rajkamal , Khwaja Asim Ijaz , Luttmer Erzo F. P. , Shue Kelly 
Published: August 2015

This paper examines the performance of new online lending markets that rely on nonexpert individuals to screen their peers’ creditworthiness. We find that these peer lenders predict an individual’s likelihood of defaulting on a loan with 45% greater accuracy than the borrower’s exact credit score (unobserved by the lenders, who only see a credit category). Moreover, peer lenders achieve 87% of the predictive power of an econometrician who observes all standard financial information about borrowers. Screening through soft or nonstandard information is relatively more important when evaluating lower-quality borrowers. Our results highlight how aggregating over the views of peers and leveraging nonstandard information can enhance lending efficiency. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Principles of surgical care: preoperative care
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: August 2015

This article discusses the care of people prior to their undergoing a surgical procedure. For many, the thought of having to undergo surgery can cause distress and anxiety. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP), understanding the issues that people may face, are in an ideal position to offer support to patients, both from a physical and a psychological perspective. This article outlines the principles of preoperative care, describing the categories and types of surgery. There is a discussion regarding the concerns that patients might have prior to surgery, preoperative information-giving and teaching and the importance of a preoperative checklist.
MRSA decontamination using octenidine-based products
Authors: Danilevicius Mindaugas , Juzéniené Audra , Juzénaité-Karneckiené Indré , Veršinina Anželika 
Published: August 2015

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are an increasing problem worldwide with a high risk of severe illness and mortality in hospitalised patients. Patients with chronic wounds are at particular risk of developing MRSA infections. As octenidine-based products have shown promising success in decontamination in the past, the aim of the present study was to determine its efficacy, safety, and tolerability in decontaminating hospitalised MRSA-positive patients. Methods: From 1 April 2011 until 9 November 2012, 36 patients were screened MRSA-positive at the Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania. At least three swab tests were performed for each patient to screen for MRSA, one from each nostril and one from the perineum. In patients with wounds, an additional swab was taken from the wound surface. In the affected patients octenidine-based products were used in one or two cycles of 7 days each. In addition, adverse events were recorded and the tolerability was assessed using a 4-point scale ranging from ‘very good’ to ‘poor’. Results: Complete decontamination was achieved in 24 patients (67%) following treatment with the octenidine-based products. None of the patients experienced side-effects or secondary symptoms such as skin irritation or allergic reactions during the course of the study. In addition, octenidine was very well tolerated in the majority of patients (n=31; 86%). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that octenidine-based products are highly efficient in the multifaceted decontamination of hospitalised MRSA-positive patients. Having a range of products that can be used for full body decontamination (including the scalp and nasal passages) is of particular significance when developing an MRSA decontamination protocol, as multiple parts of the body can be affected. Combined with a favourable safety and tolerability profile, octenidine-based products thus represent a good choice in multifaceted MRSA decontamination regimes, which are necessary to curb the increasing problem of severe infections.
Optimal Reduction of Multivariate Dirac Mixture Densities
Authors: Hanebeck Uwe D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the optimal approximation of a given multivariate Dirac mixture, i.e., a density comprising
weighted Dirac distributions on a continuous domain, by a Dirac mixture with a reduced number of components. The parameters of
the approximating density are calculated by numerically minimizing a smooth distance measure, a generalization of the
well-known Cramér–von Mises-Distance to the multivariate case. This generalization is achieved by defining an alternative to the classical
cumulative distribution, the Localized Cumulative Distribution (LCD), as a smooth characterization of discrete random quantities (on continuous domains).
The resulting approximation method provides the basis for various efficient nonlinear estimation and control methods.
Sensitivity study of diffuser angle and brim height parameters
for the design of 3 kW Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine
Authors: Lipian Michał , Karczewski Maciej , Olasek Krzysztof 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine (DAWT)
is an innovative mean to increase the power harvested by
wind turbine. By encompassing the rotor with a diffusershaped
duct it is possible to increase the flow speed
through the turbine by about 40-50%. The study presents
the development of a numerical model and its validation
by the experiments performed in the wind tunnel of the
Institute of Turbomachinery, TUL. Then, the numerical
model is used for the geometry sensitivity study to optimize
the shape of a diffuser. The paper presents that the
DAWT technology has the potential to even double the
power outcome of wind turbine when compared to a bare
rotor version.
Outliers and persistence in threshold autoregressive processes
Authors: Ahmad Yamin , Donayre Luiggi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of outlier observations on the properties of linearity tests against threshold autoregressive (TAR) processes. By considering different specifications and levels of persistence for the data-generating processes, we find that additive outliers distort the size of the test and that the distortion increases with the level of persistence. In addition, we also find that larger additive outliers can help to improve the power of the test in the case of persistent TAR processes.
Forensic Science Applications of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): III. Direct Analysis of Polymeric Foams
Authors: Suzuki EM , Gresham WR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Many types of polymeric organic foams, which comprise items such as thermal insulation, packaging materials, furniture and garment fillings, carpet padding, and so forth, can be sampled directly using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Some of the advantages of direct DRIFTS sampling include: (1) no sample preparation is required, (2) the method is completely nondestructive, and (3) the method provides more spectral information for characterizing and individualizing particular substances than many alternative techniques do. Several examples illustrating the direct DRIFTS analysis of a variety of foam articles are presented and discussed.
Enhanced Quantitative Analytical Capability with a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometer by Use of an External Integrating Recorder
Authors: Hatzis A , Rothchild R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A basic 60-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer (Varian EM360A) can be economically upgraded by external connection to an integrating chart recorder (Shimadzu C-R3A). The analog voltage signal corresponding to vertical pen position for signal peaks on the spectrometer's flatbed recorder can provide an input signal to the external recorder. Major benefits include improved objectivity in quantitation by digital electronic integration of peak areas, ability to reprocess spectra stored in memory, and improved tracing of fast signal peaks. Details of the interfacing procedure and a discussion of results are provided.
Deaths Allegedly Caused by the Use of “Choke Holds” (Shime-Waza)
Authors: Koiwai EK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Shime-waza or the “choke hold,” when properly applied, should not cause death; therefore, its primary purpose should be to subdue violent suspects. When properly applied, the choke hold causes unconsciousness in 10 to 20 s. No fatalities as a result of shime-waza have been reported in the sport of judo since its inception in 1882. Among the methods of “control holds” taught to law enforcement officers is the choke hold similar or identical to shime-waza used in judo. Using the choke hold, officers may afford themselves maximum safety while subjecting the suspect to a minimum possibility of injury. The author has reviewed 14 fatalities with autopsy findings where death was allegedly caused by the use of choke holds.
Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Complication of Hyponatremia or of Therapeutic Intervention?
Authors: Haibach H , Ansbacher LE , Dix JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We report four cases of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) that illustrate important features of the disorder. The condition is described mainly in the neurological literature and, to our knowledge, is not discussed in the forensic science journals. This disorder must be recognized and understood by the forensic science expert who addresses issues of liability. In cases of multiple motor deficits and death with a history of hyponatremia, CPM must be included in the differential diagnosis. Careful examination of the pons and adjoining structures must be performed. Myelin stains are advisable. The association of CPM with major illnesses, hyponatremia and the correction of hyponatremia by intravenous saline infusions is discussed.
Racial Variation in the Sternal Extremity of the Rib and Its Effect on Age Determination
Authors: İşcan MY , Loth SR , Wright RK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Most research on the aging process in the skeleton has not considered or elaborated differences that may exist between the races. Thus, techniques developed for the estimation of age assume that the racial background of the standards is compatible with the specimens to be assessed. However, racial differences in areas such as skeletal growth and bone density have been reported, along with specific variations in the aging process, in the ribs of disparate populations. The present investigation examines metamorphosis in the sternal ribs of American blacks (N = 53 males. N = 20 females), and tests the application of age estimation standards developed by the authors from a white population. All specimens were obtained from medical examiner's cases of known age, sex, and race. Although the sample was limited in both quantity and age range, analysis of the data revealed racial differences in both rate and pattern of metamorphosis. Statistical analysis showed that the calculated mean age per phase for black ribs was nearly identical to whites in Phases 1 through 4 or until the mean age of 28 years. By the early 30s, differences in morphology and their chronological association with the aging process became apparent and increased with age in both sexes. Blacks were consistently overaged from 3 to 10 years in Phases 5 through 7. Therefore, it was concluded that biological differences between these populations do exist and can affect age estimation from the rib. Social factors may also be involved, but they cannot be demonstrated from the available data. While the degree of interracial variation does not require completely new standards, the authors have suggested specific modifications of the white standards for use on black specimens.
Motions of Passenger Cars in Low-Speed Falls Over Embankments
Authors: Le Fevre WF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An analysis of the dynamics of motions of passenger cars in falls over embankments at speeds less than that required to launch a car into a free-fall trajectory is developed in this paper as an aid in evaluating initial vehicle speed in this particular type of crash involved in the forensic science field of accident reconstruction.
Validation of Police Officer Recruit Candidates' Self-Reported Drug Use
Authors: Ostrov E , Cavanaugh JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three hundred and fifty-nine Chicago Police Department recruit candidates submitted urine specimens as part of a drug-screening program. Candidates were tested in two groups about a week apart. About 20% of the recruit candidates in each group evidenced drug, primarily marijuana use. As part of a psychological screening test battery all the candidates also took the Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI). The IPI contains a self-report Drug Use Scale. Drug-Positive and Drug-Negative candidates' Drug Use Scale scores were matched by age, sex, and racial/ethnic group and compared to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported drug use when screening police recruit candidates. Results showed that Drug-Positive candidates' self-reported drug use was consistently higher than that of Drug-Negative candidates. Item-level analyses showed which drug use items best discriminate between Drug-Positive and Drug-Negative candidates. Implications are drawn for use of self-report as part of a police candidate screening process.
A Systematic Study of Epidermal Ridge Minutiae
Authors: Stoney DA , Thornton JI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To permit the testing of a number of basic hypotheses regarding the relationship between neighboring minutiae, epidermal ridge minutiae on the distal portions of 412 thumbprints have been surveyed. For each thumbprint a centrally located focal minutia was chosen; neighboring minutiae were then sampled. Minutiae were considered to be neighbors if there were no other minutiae in a rectangular region defined by the two minutiae and the ridge system. For each minutia the following data were recorded: minutia type, orientation, ridge count from the focal minutia, and the intervening distance along the ridge flow.
The number of neighbor minutiae was found to be normally distributed. Minutia orientation frequencies on the right and left hands were found to be unequal and to show a mirror image relationship. The incidence of particular minutia orientations and types were found to vary with ridge count from the focal minutia. Linear descriptions of these relationships were found to be adequate after adjustments were made for geometrical restrictions present for ridge counts of one, zero, and negative one. Predicted frequencies of minutia types and orientations for each ridge count were found to be in acceptable agreement with the observed frequencies.
Ultraviolet Photography: Bite Marks on Human Skin and Suggested Technique for the Exposure and Development of Reflective Ultraviolet Photography
Authors: West MH , Billings JD , Frair J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This project is an attempt to standardize a technique for ultraviolet (UV) photography of bite marks on human skin. It also deals with a technique for producing clinical bite marks on living human subjects and a review of the equipment, lighting source, scanning technique, filters, films, and recommended camera exposures and film development for reflective UV photographs for bite marks on human skin.
A Simple Approach to the Interlaboratory Transfer of Drug Retention Indices Determined by Temperature Programmed Capillary Gas Chromatography
Authors: Stowell A , Wilson L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Regression analysis of drug retention index (rI) data common to three independent published data bases, and an “in-house” data base, showed excellent interlaboratory correlations for rIs determined by temperature programmed capillary gas chromatography using nonpolar fused silica columns. Satisfactory interlaboratory transfer of rI data was shown to be feasible if appropriate linear regression equations were used to convert published rI data to corresponding in-house data.
The Classification of Office Copy Machines from Physical Characteristics
Authors: James EL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The identification of office copier machines has been simplified by the computerization of their class characteristics. The class characteristics examined are paper type, type of toner, reduction/enlargement capabilities, paper supply, presence of identifying marks, fusion method, and color capabilities. These known class characteristics are then compared against the established data base to limit the search to the possible manufacturers.
The Lateral Craniographic Method of Facial Reconstruction
Authors: George RM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Fifty-four lateral cephalographs with clear soft tissue profiles of American Caucasians (17 males, ages 14 to 36; 37 females, ages 14 to 34) were traced and measured to establish the ranges and means of midline soft tissue depths and facial angles. With these data it is possible to reconstruct “approximate” profiles over X-ray tracings of unidentified skulls. The lateral craniographic method of facial reconstruction requires four steps: (1) a cephalometric analysis is first made to determine the facial proportions and individual skull type; (2) the mean soft tissue thicknesses and angles are then plotted against the basic midline anthropometric points to establish the average dimensions of the nose, lips, and chin; (3) the points are connected and “harmonized” in accordance with the known anthropological data (sex, age, race); and (4) the profile is finally “humanized” by adding tone, a stylized eye, hair patterns, age lines, and any other features that can be determined from an anatomic examination of the skull. The validity of the method is illustrated with three study cases of living orthodontic patients.