bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Dietetic Association evidence‐based guidelines for the dietary management of Crohn's disease in adults
Authors: Lee J. , Allen R. , Ashley S. , Becker S. , Cummins P. , Gbadamosi A. , Gooding O. , Huston J. , Le Couteur J. , O'Sullivan D. , Wilson S. , Lomer M. C. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundCrohn's disease is a debilitating chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Appropriate use of diet and nutritional therapy is integral to the overall management strategy of Crohn's disease. The aim was to develop evidence‐based guidelines on the dietary management of Crohn's disease in adults.MethodsQuestions relating to the dietary management of Crohn's disease were developed. These included the roles of enteral nutrition to induce remission, food re‐introduction diets to structure food re‐introduction and maintain remission, and dietary management of stricturing disease, as well as whether probiotics or prebiotics induce or maintain remission. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and relevant studies from January 1985 to November 2009 were identified using the electronic database search engines CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Evidence statements, recommendations, practical considerations and research recommendations were developed.ResultsFifteen research papers were critically appraised and the evidence formed the basis of these guidelines. Although corticosteroids appear to be more effective, enteral nutrition (elemental or non‐elemental) can be offered as an alternative option to induce disease remission. After a course of enteral nutrition, food re‐introduction diets may be useful to structure food re‐introduction and help maintain disease remission. Dietary fibre is contraindicated in the presence of strictures as a result of the risk of mechanical obstruction. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is not currently supported.ConclusionsAs an alternative to corticosteroids, evidence supports enteral nutrition to induce disease remission. Food re‐introduction diets provide structure to food re‐introduction and help maintain disease remission. These guidelines aim to reduce variation in clinical practice.
Impact of a customised dietary intervention on antioxidant status, dietary intakes and periodontal indices in patients with adult periodontitis
Authors: Zare Javid A. , Seal C. J. , Heasman P. , Moynihan P. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundDietary modification may be important in the prevention and control of chronic adult periodontitis. The role of promoting an adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains in chronic periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated. The main aim of this dietary intervention study was to assess the influence of a customised dietary intervention (aiming to increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains) on antioxidant status in adults with chronic periodontitis.MethodsFifty‐one participants, aged 30–65 years, were recruited from a UK Dental Hospital and randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Both groups received normal clinical treatment but customised dietary advice was delivered to the intervention group by a community nutrition assistant. Dietary intakes, anthropometric parameters and biochemical indices with respect to blood and saliva and periodontal indices were evaluated at baseline, as well as at 3 and 6 months post‐dietary intervention.ResultsAt 3 and 6 months post‐intervention, the intervention group showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay compared to the control group. At 3 and 6 months after dietary intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher intakes of fruits and vegetables compared to the control group. The intake of whole grain was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, 6 months post‐intervention. No significant differences were observed with respect to periodontal indices between groups.ConclusionsIt is suggested that dietary advice may help to improve dietary habits and, consequently, the antioxidant status of patients with chronic periodontitis. However, the impact of such intervention on periodontal indices needs further investigation.
Coronary heart disease mortality in relation to dietary, lifestyle and biochemical risk factors in the countries of the Seven Countries Study: a secondary dataset analysis
Authors: Papandreou C. , Tuomilehto H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study explored coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in 2011 in countries that participated in the Seven Countries Study (SCS) in relation to several dietary and anthropometric/biochemical risk factors. Special focus was given to Crete and the Ionian Islands.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of secondary analysis of databases using data from the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization database and the Greek National Cadaster and Cartography Organization. Geographically weighted regression was applied to identify the high‐risk regions in relation to the significant factors.ResultsCrete, the Ionian Islands and Japan had the lowest mortality rates (28.9, 30.1 and 31.2 deaths/100 000 people, respectively) in contrast to Serbia/Montenegro that presented the highest rates (105.1 deaths/100 000 people). Diet, physical inactivity and hypertension were found to be the most significant factors in the model (P < 0.05). Regions of no risk were Crete, Ionian Islands and Japan (exponent B = 0.65; 95% confidence interval = 0.293–0.942; P < 0.001), whereas Serbia/Montenegro and Finland were identified as high‐risk areas with a 2.97‐fold higher probability for CHD mortality (95% confidence interval = 1.736–4.028; P < 0.001).ConclusionsObserved patterns of CHD mortality and related factors may be helpful for appropriate management by health planners when aiming to reduce its prevalence, particularly in high‐risk areas.
Water intakes and dietary sources of a nationally representative sample of Irish adults
Authors: O'Connor L. , Walton J. , Flynn A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that even mild dehydration is associated with various morbidities, water intake estimates in free‐living populations are lacking. The present study aimed to estimate water intakes and dietary sources in a nationally representative sample of the Irish adult population.MethodsA 4‐day semi‐weighed food record was used to collect dietary intake data from 1500 free‐living adults aged 18–90 years in the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010) from which water intake was estimated. To enable fluid intake estimation, additional questions on how water and milk were consumed were incorporated. Total water intake was calculated as drinking water plus water from other beverages and food moisture.ResultsThe mean (SD) daily total water intake for Irish adults was 2.31 (0.92) L day–1 [males 2.52 (1.00) L day–1; females 2.09 (0.79) L day–1]. Intakes were lowest in elderly adults, as well as in those with less education, a lower social class, less energy expenditure and a higher body mass index and body fat percentage. In total, 67% of water came from beverages and 33% came from food moisture. Alcoholic beverages and teas individually contributed to total water intake in amounts similar to the drinking water contribution.ConclusionsThese data may be used as a foundation for further research in the area of the effect of under consumption of water on health outcomes to guide public health messages regarding adequate water intakes.
Attenuated Benzodiazepine‐Sensitive Tonic GABAA Currents of Supraoptic Magnocellular Neuroendocrine Cells in 24‐h Water‐Deprived Rats
Authors: Pandit S. , Song J. G. , Kim Y. J. , Jeong J. A. , Jo J. Y. , Lee G. S. , Kim H.‐W. , Jeon B. H. , Lee J. U. , Park J. B. 
Published: December 2013

In supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs), γ‐GABA, via activation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs), mediates persistent tonic inhibitory currents (Itonic), as well as conventional inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs, Iphasic). In the present study, we examined the functional significance of Itonic in SON MNCs challenged by 24‐h water deprivation (24WD). Although the main characteristics of spontaneous IPSCs were similar in 24WD compared to euhydrated (EU) rats, Itonic, measured by bicuculline (BIC)‐induced Iholding shifts, was significantly smaller in 24WD compared to EU rats (P < 0.05). Propofol and diazepam prolonged IPSC decay time to a similar extent in both groups but induced less Itonic in 24WD compared to EU rats, suggesting a selective decrease in GABAA receptors mediating Itonic over Iphasic in 24WD rats. THIP (4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol), a preferential δ subunit agonist, and L‐655,708, a GABAA receptor α5 subunit selective imidazobenzodiazepine, caused a significantly smaller inward and outward shift in Iholding, respectively, in 24WD compared to EU rats (P < 0.05 in both cases), suggesting an overall decrease in the α5 subunit‐containing GABAARs and the δ subunit‐containing receptors mediating Itonic in 24WD animals. Consistent with a decrease in 24WD Itonic, bath application of GABA induced significantly less inhibition of the neuronal firing activity in 24WD compared to EU SON MNCs (P < 0.05). Taken together, the results of the present study indicate a selective decrease in GABAARs functions mediating Itonic as opposed to those mediating Iphasic in SON MNCs, demonstrating the functional significance of Itonic with respect to increasing neuronal excitability and hormone secretion in 24WD rats.
A roller coaster of emotions and sense – coping with the perceived psychosocial consequences of a false‐positive screening mammography
Authors: Bolejko Anetta , Zackrisson Sophia , Hagell Peter , Wann‐Hansson Christine 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore coping with the perceived psychosocial consequences of a false‐positive screening mammography.BackgroundMammographic screening has been found effective to decrease breast cancer (BC) mortality, yet there are adverse effects. Psychosocial consequences of false‐positive mammographic screening have mainly been investigated from a population‐based perspective. A call for qualitative studies to further explore these consequences has thus been postulated. To date, qualitative studies have elucidated women's experiences following their recall breast examinations, but their coping with perceived psychosocial consequences of a false‐positive screening mammography has not yet been explored.DesignAn explorative qualitative study.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were held with a purposive heterogeneous sample of 13 Swedish‐speaking women with a false‐positive screening mammography. The transcripts were analysed by the use of an inductive content analysis.ResultsCoping with the perceived psychosocial consequences of a false‐positive screening mammography implied a roller coaster of emotion and sense. Women described how they imagined the worst and were in a state of uncertainty feeling threatened by a fatal disease. Conversely, they felt protected, surrounded by their families and being professionally taken care of, which together with perceived sisterhood and self‐empowerment evoked strength and hope. Being aware of family responsibility became a crucial matter. Experiencing false‐positive screening raised thoughts of thankfulness and reappraisal of life, although an ounce of BC anxiety remained. Consequently, gained awareness about BC screening and values in life surfaced.ConclusionsExperiencing a false‐positive screening mammography triggers agonising experiences evoking a variety of coping strategies. Provision of screening raises the issue of responsibility for an impact on psychosocial well‐being among healthy women.Relevance to clinical practiceGained knowledge might provide a basis for interventions to prevent psychosocial consequences of false‐positive mammographic screening and provide support for women with a potentially compromised ability to overcome such consequences.
Caring for the mental illness patient in emergency departments – an exploration of the issues from a healthcare provider perspective
Authors: Innes Kelli , Morphet Julia , O'Brien Anthony P , Munro Ian 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify issues, from the emergency department clinicians' viewpoint, with the management of patients presenting to the emergency department with a mental illness.BackgroundDespite the introduction of several statewide and national initiatives, barriers remain affecting the care and management of consumers presenting with an mental illness to the emergency department. Improving the responsiveness of mental health services, including the provision of more efficient emergency responses for people in crisis, is a key goal. To achieve responsive mental health services in emergency departments, services are required to work together to ensure appropriate referrals between mainstream services and to those services developed to meet the unique needs of specific population groups.DesignA mixed method approach using surveys and focus groups.MethodsData were collected from patients with mental illness and their next of kin/carers, as well as staff working within the emergency department and the mental health services of the healthcare network.ResultsThe study found that there were inconsistencies and deficits in the educational preparation of emergency department staff to manage consumers presenting with mental illness. Further, the inadequate physical environment of the emergency department contributed to difficulties in assessing and managing this group of patients.ConclusionsStaff members working within mental health services and the emergency department summarised the key improvement areas as the need for electronic case notes, improvements to the emergency department environment, mental health training, implementation of a referral service and increasing the number of staff.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough initiatives have been implemented, there needs to be a greater focus on educating the staff in emergency departments in relation to the policies and strategies which aim to improve the care and management of patients presenting with a mental health problem.
Salivary cortisol and psychological factors in women with chronic and acute oro‐facial pain
Authors: Jasim H. , Louca S. , Christidis N. , Ernberg M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the salivary cortisol level, pain intensity and psychological factors between patients with chronic and acute oro‐facial pain (OP) and pain‐free subjects. Twenty‐seven females with chronic OP (a diagnosis of myofascial pain according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders with at least 6 months duration), 24 females with acute OP (<10 days duration) and 27 pain‐free females participated. Morning saliva was collected from all participants for analyses of the cortisol level. The pain intensity was assessed on a 0–10 numeric rating scale. The participants were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist 90‐revised for levels of depression and somatisation, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The cortisol levels among the three patient groups were similar with no significant group differences. The median (interquartile range) current pain level did not differ between chronic and acute OP and was, respectively, 5 (4) and 5 (3). Patients with chronic OP showed significantly higher scores for depression, somatisation and perceived stress compared with patients with acute OP (Ps < 0·001), but there were no significant differences between acute OP and controls. To conclude, there were no differences in cortisol level between groups, despite significant higher levels of depression, somatisation and perceived stress in patients with chronic OP. This shows that psychological distress has a more important role in chronic than in acute OP. However, the relation between pain, adreno‐cortical activity and psychological distress is complex and warrants further investigation.
Melatonin prevents experimental preterm labor and increases offspring survival
Authors: Domínguez Rubio Ana P. , Sordelli Micaela S. , Salazar Ana I. , Aisemberg Julieta , Bariani María V. , Cella Maximiliano , Rosenstein Ruth E. , Franchi Ana M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPreterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and contributes to delayed physical and cognitive development in children. At present, there is no efficient therapy to prevent preterm labor. A large body of evidence suggests that intra‐amniotic infections may be a significant and potentially preventable cause of preterm birth. This work assessed the effect of melatonin in a murine model of inflammation‐associated preterm delivery which mimics central features of preterm infection in humans. For this purpose, preterm labor was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10.00 hr (10 μg LPS) and 13.00 hr (20 μg LPS) on day 15 of pregnancy. On day 14 of pregnancy, a pellet of melatonin (25 mg) had been subcutaneously implanted into a group of animals. In the absence of melatonin, a 100% incidence of preterm birth was observed in LPS‐treated animals, and the fetuses showed widespread damage. By comparison, treatment with melatonin prevented preterm birth in 50% of the cases, and all pups from melatonin‐treated females were born alive and their body weight did not differ from control animals. Melatonin significantly prevented the LPS‐induced rises in uterine prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2α, and cyclooxygenase‐2 protein levels. In addition, melatonin prevented the LPS‐induced increase in uterine nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase protein, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) levels. Collectively, our results suggest that melatonin could be a new therapeutic tool to prevent preterm labor and to increase offspring survival.
Age‐related changes in mitochondrial function of mouse colonic smooth muscle: beneficial effects of melatonin
Authors: Martin‐Cano Francisco E. , Camello‐Almaraz Cristina , Acuña‐Castroviejo Dario , Pozo Maria J. , Camello Pedro J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAging is a multifactorial process that involves biochemical, structural, and functional changes in mitochondria. The ability of melatonin to palliate the alterations induced by aging is based on its chronobiologic, antioxidant, and mitochondrial effects. There is little information about the effects of melatonin on the in situ mitochondrial network of aging cells and its physiological implications. We have studied the ability of melatonin to prevent the functional alterations of in situ mitochondria of smooth muscle cells and its impact on contractility. Mitochondrial membrane potential was recorded in isolated colonic smooth muscle cells from young mice (3 month old), aged mice (22–24‐month old), and aged mice treated with melatonin (starting at 14‐month age). Aging induced a partial mitochondrial depolarization in resting conditions and reduced the depolarizing response to cellular stimulation. Use of oligomycin indicated that aging enhanced the resting activity of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, whereas in young cells, the enzyme operated mainly in reverse mode. Melatonin treatment prevented all these changes. Aging reduced both spontaneous and stimulated contraction of colonic strips and shifted the metabolic dependence of contraction from mitochondria to glycolysis, as indicated the use of mitochondrial and glycolysis inhibitors. These functional alterations were also palliated by melatonin treatment. Aging effects were not related to a decrease in Ca2+ store mobilization, because this was enhanced in aged cells and restored by melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin prevents the age induced in situ mitochondrial potential alterations in smooth muscle cells and the associated changes in contractility and metabolism.
Melatonin treatment combined with treadmill exercise accelerates muscular adaptation through early inhibition of CHOP‐mediated autophagy in the gastrocnemius of rats with intra‐articular collagenase‐induced knee laxity
Authors: Hong Yunkyung , Kim Joo‐Heon , Jin Yunho , Lee Seunghoon , Park Kanghui , Lee Youngjeon , Chang Kyu‐Tae , Hong Yonggeun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of melatonin intervention on gastrocnemius remodeling in rats with collagenase‐induced knee instability. Type VII collagenase was injected into the right knee to induce joint laxity with cartilage destruction. Melatonin (MT; 10 mg/kg) injection was performed twice daily subcutaneously, and treadmill exercise (Ex; 11 m/min) was conducted for 1 hr/day at a frequency of 5 days/wk for 4 wks. The gastrocnemius mass, which was reduced with collagenase injection only (Veh), was increased with collagenase injection with melatonin treatment with and without exercise in the early phase, and the mass in both limbs was significantly different in the Veh compared with the MT group. However, there was an increase in the relative muscle weight to body weight ratio in the Veh group at the advanced stage. Insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) was downregulated in the Veh group, whereas IGF‐IR was upregulated in the MT and MT + Ex groups. Joint laxity induced enhancement of autophagic proteolysis (LC3 II) in the muscle, which was recovered to values similar to those in the normal control group (Con) compared with those in the MT and MT + Ex groups. Although intra‐articular collagenase increased the total C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) levels at 1 wk and decreased them at 4 wks in the Veh group, CHOP in the nucleus was upregulated continuously. Prolonged melatonin treatment with and without exercise intervention suppressed nuclear localization of ATF4 and CHOP with less activation of caspase‐3, at the advanced phase. Moreover, the interventions promoted the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms under the control of myogenin. Concomitant with a beneficial effect of melatonin with and without exercise, step length of the saline‐injected limb and the collagenase‐injected supporting side was maintained at values similar to those in control rats. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that melatonin with and without exercise accelerate remodeling of the gastrocnemius through inhibition of nuclear CHOP in rats with collagenase‐induced knee instability.
Acclimation conditions modify physiological response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to elevated CO2 concentrations in a nitrate‐limited chemostat
Authors: Hennon Gwenn M. M. , Quay Paul , Morales Rhonda L. , Swanson Lyndsey M. , Virginia Armbrust E. 
Published: December 2013

Diatoms are responsible for a large proportion of global carbon fixation, with the possibility that they may fix more carbon under future levels of high CO2. To determine how increased CO2 concentrations impact the physiology of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal, nitrate‐limited chemostats were used to acclimate cells to a recent past (333 ± 6 μatm) and two projected future concentrations (476 ± 18 μatm, 816 ± 35 μatm) of CO2. Samples were harvested under steady‐state growth conditions after either an abrupt (15–16 generations) or a longer acclimation process (33–57 generations) to increased CO2 concentrations. The use of un‐bubbled chemostat cultures allowed us to calculate the uptake ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIC:DIN), which was strongly correlated with fCO2 in the shorter acclimations but not in the longer acclimations. Both CO2 treatment and acclimation time significantly affected the DIC:DIN uptake ratio. Chlorophyll a per cell decreased under elevated CO2 and the rates of photosynthesis and respiration decreased significantly under higher levels of CO2. These results suggest that T. pseudonana shifts carbon and energy fluxes in response to high CO2 and that acclimation time has a strong effect on the physiological response.