bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Système de contrôle de la force de vente : bilan et voies de recherche
Authors: Echchakoui Said 
Published: November 2013

Résumé Cet article propose une synthèse critique sur le système de contrôle de la force de vente. Sur la base des recherches antérieures, un modèle intégrateur des antécédents et des conséquences du système de contrôle est proposé. La revue de littérature révèle de nombreuses lacunes théoriques et empiriques. Principalement, l’ambiguïté de la relation entre le contrôle des commerciaux et celui du personnel marketing, l’absence de consensus sur les critères de choix d’un type de contrôle approprié, et des résultats contradictoires de l’influence du système de contrôle. Trois pistes de recherche prioritaires sont suggérées : l’éclaircissement de la relation entre le système de contrôle de la force de vente et celui du personnel marketing, la considération de théorie basée sur les ressources comme base théorique pour le choix d’un type de contrôle, et l’identification de certaines variables modératrices et médiatrices qui peuvent expliquer l’origine des conséquences équivoques du système de contrôle. Ces variables sont la culture et la satisfaction du superviseur par rapport au territoire.
Child, neglect and oral health
Authors: Lourenço Caroline Barbosa , Saintrain Maria Vieira de Lima , Vieira Anya Pimentel Gomes Fernandes 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundDespite advancements in oral health policies, dental caries still a problem. The lack of parents/caregiver’s care regarding child’s oral health, which characterizes neglect, may lead to a high prevalence of caries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the relation between dental caries and neglect in five year-old children.MethodsQuantitative study performed in two different moments. First, the children underwent oral examinations and physical inspection. Then, a semi-structured interview was performed with parents of children with high and low caries rate.ResultsIn all, 149 physical inspections and oral exams were performed. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth – dmf-t was 2.75 (SD 2.83); 16 children had extremely high values (dmf-t ≥7), 85 intermediate values (1 ≤ dmf-t ≥ 6) and 48 extremely low (dmf-t = 0). Nearly all caregivers were female (96.7%; n = 29), mostly mothers (93.3%; n = 28). Associations were found between caries experience and reason of the last consultation (p = 0.011), decayed teeth and child’s oral health perception (p = 0.001). There was a trend towards a significant association between general health and decayed teeth (p = 0.079), general hygiene and caries experience (p = 0.083), and caries experience and number of times the child brushes the teeth (p = 0.086).ConclusionThere’s a relation between caries experience and children’s oral health perception by caregivers, as well as between caries experience and children’s access to dental care. There is a trend towards association between caries experience and risk factors suggestive of neglect.
Transcriptome signatures of class I and III stress response deregulation in Lactobacillus plantarum reveal pleiotropic adaptation
Authors: Van Bokhorst-van de Veen Hermien , Bongers Roger S , Wels Michiel , Bron Peter A , Kleerebezem Michiel 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
To cope with environmental challenges bacteria possess sophisticated defense mechanisms that involve stress-induced adaptive responses. The canonical stress regulators CtsR and HrcA play a central role in the adaptations to a plethora of stresses in a variety of organisms. Here, we determined the CtsR and HrcA regulons of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 grown under reference (28°C) and elevated (40°C) temperatures, using ctsR, hrcA, and ctsR-hrcA deletion mutants.

Results
While the maximum specific growth rates of the mutants and the parental strain were similar at both temperatures (0.33 ± 0.02 h-1 and 0.34 ± 0.03 h-1, respectively), DNA microarray analyses revealed that the CtsR or HrcA deficient strains displayed altered transcription patterns of genes encoding functions involved in transport and binding of sugars and other compounds, primary metabolism, transcription regulation, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as fatty acid metabolism. These transcriptional signatures enabled the refinement of the gene repertoire that is directly or indirectly controlled by CtsR and HrcA of L. plantarum. Deletion of both regulators, elicited transcriptional changes of a large variety of additional genes in a temperature-dependent manner, including genes encoding functions involved in cell-envelope remodeling. Moreover, phenotypic assays revealed that both transcription regulators contribute to regulation of resistance to hydrogen peroxide stress. The integration of these results allowed the reconstruction of CtsR and HrcA regulatory networks in L. plantarum, highlighting the significant intertwinement of class I and III stress regulons.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results enabled the refinement of the CtsR and HrcA regulatory networks in L. plantarum, illustrating the complex nature of adaptive stress responses in this bacterium.
The Performance of Polypropylene Wood–Plastic Composites with Different Rice Straw Contents Using Two Methods of Formation
Authors: He Chunxia , Hou Renluan , Xue Jiao , Zhu Dongjun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
To utilize agricultural and forestry wastes and to improve environmental protection, polypropylene (PP) wood–plastic composites were prepared with rice straw powder by using two methods of formation. The effects of formation conditions and rice straw powder content on the mechanical properties, water absorption, and moisture absorption performance of the composites were studied. The tensile sections of the composites were observed by using a stereo-microscope. The results showed that the mechanical properties, water absorption, and moisture absorption performance of the composites formed by mixing compression molding were better than those obtained by layer compression molding. Mixing produced more uniform blending of PP with the fiber compared with using layers of PP with powder. With a rice straw powder content of 50 percent, composites formed by mixing compression molding had good mechanical properties, water absorption, and moisture absorption performance.
Sensitivity Analysis for Causal Inference under Unmeasured Confounding and Measurement Error Problems
Authors: Díaz Iván , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article, we present a sensitivity analysis for drawing inferences about parameters that are not estimable from observed data without additional assumptions. We present the methodology using two different examples: a causal parameter that is not identifiable due to violations of the randomization assumption, and a parameter that is not estimable in the nonparametric model due to measurement error. Existing methods for tackling these problems assume a parametric model for the type of violation to the identifiability assumption and require the development of new estimators and inference for every new model. The method we present can be used in conjunction with any existing asymptotically linear estimator of an observed data parameter that approximates the unidentifiable full data parameter and does not require the study of additional models.
Application of Fuzzy Fault Tree in Risk Analysis of Collective Water Supply Systems / ZASTOSOWANIE ROZMYTYCH DRZEW NIEZDATNOŚCI W ANALIZIE RYZYKA SYSTEMÓW ZBIOROWEGO ZAOPATRZENIA W WODĘ
Authors: Boryczko Krzysztof , Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Application of the theory of using fuzzy fault trees is the first attempt to be used in collective water supply systems safety assessment in Poland. The paper presents a method of fault tree using fuzzy set theory. Fuzziness of basic logic gates used in the fault tree method is presented. The paper contains an application example of the method.
Qualitative and Quantitative Multi-Criteria Models of the Importance of the Components in Reliability Structure of a Complex Technical System / WIELOKRYTERIALNE JAKOŚCIOWO-ILOŚCIOWE MODELE WAŻNOŚCI ELEMENTÓW W STRUKTURZE NIEZAWODNOŚCIOWEJ ZŁOŻONEGO SYSTEMU TECHNICZNEGO
Authors: Chybowski Leszek 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The paper presents an example of qualitative and quantitative application of a method for assessing component importance of a reliability structure in the case of a complex technical system based on the example of the subsystem of a marine power plant, that is, a lube oil system for sealing a stern tube. An example of the importance of the analysis considered in terms of not only reliability but also safety (impact of a component failure on human, machine and the environmental safety). Safety is usually analyzed in terms of quality, so the approach of trying to combine quantitative and qualitative estimation has been called a qualitative and quantitative method. A two - criteria importance of components according to the reliability criteria and safety criteria have been determined. The directions for further research have been outlined.
Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning of Different Intraoperative Ischemic Times of Vascularized Bone Graft Rabbit Models
Authors: Halim Ahmad Sukari , Wan Ahmad Kamal Wan Syazli Rodzaia , Noor Norizal Mohd , Abdullah Shafie 
Published: November 2013

Background Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to improve the outcomes of hypoxic tolerance of the heart, brain, lung, liver, jejunum, skin, and muscle tissues. However, to date, no report of ischemic preconditioning on vascularized bone grafts has been published.
Methods Sixteen rabbits were divided into four groups with ischemic times of 2, 6, 14, and 18 hours. Half of the rabbits in each group underwent ischemic preconditioning. The osteomyocutaneous flaps consisted of the tibia bone, from which the overlying muscle and skin were raised. The technique of ischemic preconditioning involved applying a vascular clamp to the pedicle for 3 cycles of 10 minutes each. The rabbits then underwent serial plain radiography and computed tomography imaging on the first, second, fourth, and sixth postoperative weeks. Following this, all of the rabbits were sacrificed and histological examinations were performed.
Results The results showed that for clinical analysis of the skin flaps and bone grafts, the preconditioned groups showed better survivability. In the plain radiographs, except for two non-preconditioned rabbits with intraoperative ischemic times of 6 hours, all began to show early callus formation at the fourth week. The computed tomography findings showed more callus formation in the preconditioned groups for all of the ischemic times except for the 18-hour group. The histological findings correlated with the radiological findings. There was no statistical significance in the difference between the two groups.
Conclusions In conclusion, ischemic preconditioning improved the survivability of skin flaps and increased callus formation during the healing process of vascularized bone grafts.
Persistent body image disturbance following recovery from eating disorders
Authors: Eshkevari Ertimiss , Rieger Elizabeth , Longo Matthew R. , Haggard Patrick , Treasure Janet 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveIndividuals with an eating disorder experience the rubber hand illusion (RHI) significantly more strongly than healthy controls on both perceptual (proprioceptive drift) and subjective (self‐report embodiment questionnaire) measures. This heightened sensitivity to visual information about the body, and/or reduced somatosensory information processing about the body, suggest an increased malleability of the bodily self. The aim of the present study was to explore whether this is a state phenomenon or a persisting individual trait that outlasts the period of acute eating disorder.MethodThe RHI and self‐report measures of eating disorder psychopathology (EDI‐3 subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, Interoceptive Deficits, and Emotional Dysregulation; DASS‐21; and the Self‐Objectification Questionnaire) were administered to 78 individuals with an eating disorder, 28 individuals recovered from an eating disorder, and 61 healthy controls.ResultsProprioceptive drift in recovered individuals was intermediate between the acutely ill and HC groups. Subjective report of the strength of the illusion in recovered individuals was similar to acutely ill individuals.DiscussionThese results suggest that increased malleability of the bodily self persists, at least partially, following recovery and may be a trait phenomenon in people with eating disorders. Those with a lifetime history of an eating disorder may have heightened sensitivity to visual information about the body and reduced somatosensory information processing of the body. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:400–409)
Climate change and fire effects on a prairie–woodland ecotone: projecting species range shifts with a dynamic global vegetation model
Authors: King David A. , Bachelet Dominique M. , Symstad Amy J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLarge shifts in species ranges have been predicted under future climate scenarios based primarily on niche‐based species distribution models. However, the mechanisms that would cause such shifts are uncertain. Natural and anthropogenic fires have shaped the distributions of many plant species, but their effects have seldom been included in future projections of species ranges. Here, we examine how the combination of climate and fire influence historical and future distributions of the ponderosa pine–prairie ecotone at the edge of the Black Hills in South Dakota,USA, as simulated byMC1, a dynamic global vegetation model that includes the effects of fire, climate, and atmosphericCO2concentration on vegetation dynamics. For this purpose, we parameterizedMC1 for ponderosa pine in the Black Hills, designating the revised model asMC1‐WCNP. Results show that fire frequency, as affected by humidity and temperature, is central to the simulation of historical prairies in the warmer lowlands versus woodlands in the cooler, moister highlands. Based on three downscaled general circulation model climate projections for the 21st century, we simulate greater frequencies of natural fire throughout the area due to substantial warming and, for two of the climate projections, lower relative humidity. However, established ponderosa pine forests are relatively fire resistant, and areas that were initially wooded remained so over the 21st century for most of our future climate x fire management scenarios. This result contrasts with projections for ponderosa pine based on climatic niches, which suggest that its suitable habitat in the Black Hills will be greatly diminished by the middle of the 21st century. We hypothesize that the differences between the future predictions from these two approaches are due in part to the inclusion of fire effects inMC1, and we highlight the importance of accounting for fire as managed by humans in assessing both historical species distributions and future climate change effects.
Lactoferrin Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation Through PKA and p38 Pathways Independent of Lactoferrin's Receptor LRP1
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guo Huiyuan , Jing Hao , Li Yixuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Hao , Jiang Lu , Ren Fazheng 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactoferrin (LF) has been established as a potent anabolic factor for bone health both in vivo and in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LF's action are still largely unknown. Here, we explore the signaling pathways that mediate LF's beneficial effect on osteoblast differentiation. In primary osteoblast and preosteoblast MC3T3-E1, LF promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) secretion, and mineralization. Along with this enhanced osteogenic differentiation, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was detected in LF-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Downregulating p38 with selective inhibitor SB203580 or p38α small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated the effect of LF on osteogenesis. Furthermore, knockdown of p38α significantly decreased LF-induced Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) phosphorylation. According to previous studies and our results, we speculated that LF-induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were two relatively separate processes controlled by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 pathways, respectively. Besides p38 MAPK activation, protein kinase A (PKA) was also activated in MC3T3-E1 cells. PKA inhibitor H89 significantly inhibited LF-induced p38 activation, ALP activity, and OCN secretion, indicating that PKA possibly acted as an upstream kinase of p38. In order to further identify the role of LF's receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), we constructed LRP1 stable-knockdown MC3T3-E1 cells. Neither LRP1 antagonist receptor associated protein (RAP), nor LRP1 knockdown approach could attenuate the LF-induced osteogenesis, implying that LF stimulated osteoblast differentiation via an LRP1-independent pathway. Taken together, the present work indicated that LF stimulated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast differentiation mainly through LRP1-independent PKA and p38 signaling pathways. These results provided the first evidence of the signaling mechanisms of LF's effect on osteoblast differentiation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers based on a dithienobenzimidazole unit in the main chain
Authors: Takagi Koji , Sakaida Masanori , Kusafuka Kazuma , Miwa Takuya 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThree conjugated polymers with the dithienobenzimidazole (DTBIm) unit (P1, P3, and P4) and one conjugated polymer with the dithienobenzoxazole unit (P2) were synthesized by the cross‐coupling polymerization. The absorption maxima showed a red‐shift in the order of P3 (406 nm), P2 (426 nm), P1 (438 nm), and P4 (450 nm), which was studied in detail using the frontier molecular orbital calculation of the model compounds. The energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the DTBIm unit‐containing conjugated polymers were estimated by the cyclic voltammetry. The transformation from DTBIm (P4) to dithienobenzimidazolium (P4') was also carried out to shift the absorption maxima of P4' (454 nm) by promoting the intramolecular charge transfer between the DTBIm and thiophene units. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 401–409
Recombination processes in Te‐doped ZnO microstructures
Authors: Iribarren A. , Fernández P. , Piqueras J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) of Te doped elongated ZnO microstructures obtained by a vapour–solid (V–S) technique has been investigated. The CL intensity changes along the microstructures axis are related to the gradient of Te content, which influences the intensity of the ZnO deep‐level (DL) emission band. The main defects are vacancy complexes which are partially passivated by the isoelectronic Te doping. The weight on the total luminescence of the radiative processes related to defects has been estimated. A straightforward method based on the measurement of the band‐to‐band luminescence intensity under constant excitation and experimental conditions has been used. The recombination lifetimes for transition through defect levels were also estimated.SEM image and cathodoluminescence emission of needle‐ and pencil‐like TeO2‐doped ZnO microstructures.
Enhancement of near IR sensitivity of silicon‐silicide based photodetectors
Authors: Goroshko Dmitry , Chusovitin Evgeniy , Shevlyagin Alexander , Bozhenko Mikhail , Batalov Raphael , Bayazitov Rustem , Galkin Nikolay 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInvestigation of photo‐emf spectra of heterostructures with embedded chromium and iron disilicide nanoparticles in the monocrystalline silicon substrates was carried out. Formation of the samples was performed using two different methods: ion‐beam synthesis (IBS) and molecular‐beam epitaxy (MBE). The samples contain a precipitates of CrSi2 and β‐FeSi2 obtained after annealing by pulsed ion‐beam treatment of ion‐beam synthesis. In the molecular‐beam deposited samples there were two bilayers of chromium and iron disilicide or eight layers of β‐FeSi2 in the form of nanocrystallites. It was shown, that MBE heterostructure with Cr and Fe shows 3 times higher photoresponse at the energy 0.85 eV compared to reference diode at room temperature. The highest impact at 130 K in the photoresponse signal (about three orders) was achieved in the eight‐period β‐FeSi2MBE sample. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Performance of a Multi‐Purpose Gemini Precursor and the Derivative Alkylaryl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
Authors: He Zhi‐qiang , Zhu Zong‐li , Fang Yun , Zeng Zhi‐qiang , Sun Shou‐shuang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe phenol–formaldehyde condensation reaction to synthesize a gemini precursor was renewed by using high efficient and environmentally benign resin catalysts instead of protonic acids, and the conversion, yield and selectivity of the reaction were all upgraded from the 60 % by the traditional way to over 90 % by the new way. Three alkylaryl sulfonate gemini surfactants were derived from the above gemini precursor by O‐methylation, sulfonation and neutralization, that is, sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2‐hydroxy‐5‐nonylphenyl)methane (SBHNM), sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2‐hydroxy‐5‐dodecylphenyl)methane (SBHDM) and sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2‐methoxy‐5‐nonylphenyl)methane (SBMNM). And their performances in aqueous solution were further investigated. The results show that the three gemini surfactants exhibit higher effectiveness and efficiency in surface tension reduction than a monomeric reference surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Furthermore their critical micelle concentration values are at least one order of magnitude lower than that of SDBS. It is also shown that O‐methylation of the hydroxyl group in the gemini precursor is effective at improving the surface activity of the gemini surfactants, such as efficiency in surface tension reduction, foam stability and calcium stability. It is suggested that the synthesized hydrophobic skeleton could be a multi‐purpose gemini precursor from which various gemini surfactants could be derived by further hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification.