bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of the Pre–Emergency Use Authorization Path Using 3 Minor Groove Binder–Hydrolysis Probe Assays to Detect Escherichia coli O104:H4
Authors: Hartman Laurie J , Heinrich Megan L , Zovanyi Ashley M , Ingram Michael F , Hobson J Peyton , Kulesh David A , Craw Philip D , Jaissle James G , Norwood David A , Minogue Timothy D 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Department of Defense (DoD) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have collaboratively worked on a pre–Emergency Use Authorization (pre-EUA) process for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices, using FDA's regulatory flexibilities under the EUA authorities. The pre-EUA process enables FDA review of data in anticipation of a request for an EUA, advancing US government public health emergency preparedness efforts.METHODSThe IVD device developed to detect Escherichia coli O104:H4, for which an EUA has not been issued, serves as an example to illustrate that process. Specifically, DoD designed real-time PCR assays to target the virulent E. coli strain O104:H4 (etiological agent of the 2011 German outbreak) including: fliC (flagellin), Agg3C (AAF), and rfb (wbwC) on the basis of the published sequences.RESULTSAfter development and optimization of these 3 specific assays, a defined protocol was followed to determine and document the sensitivity and specificity of each assay analytically.CONCLUSIONSFDA reviewed these data and returned commentary on additional required experiments to complete the pre-EUA process and expedite the use of the device should there be an emergency need for an IVD device to detect this virulent E. coli strain before such a test is cleared by FDA.
Identity and apparel consumption among Puerto Rican consumers
Authors: Martínez-Novoa Lorraine M. , Hodges Nancy N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings that Puerto Ricans assign to the consumption of apparel products and how consumption is important to their identities. Puerto Ricans are the second-largest Hispanic/Latino subgroup in the United States. Research on Hispanics/Latinos demonstrate that the presence of this group is strengthening in all sectors of the US economy, yet little is known about their consumption practices, particularly the different consumer groups comprising the overall market. An interpretive approach to data collection and interpretation was employed to explore the meanings associated to the consumption of apparel products among a specific group of Hispanic/Latino consumers: Puerto Ricans. A total of 22 in-depth interviews were conducted with Puerto Ricans living in Puerto Rico. Data analysis revealed that Puerto Rican consumers are strongly influenced by sociocultural values when it comes to the consumption of apparel products as these products are used as tools to convey important meanings related to identity. Based on the findings, theoretical implications and future research avenues are discussed.
From ribavirin to NAD analogues and back to ribavirin in search for anticancer agents
Authors: Pankiewicz Krzysztof W. , Felczak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent is used in the clinic alone or in combination with other antivirals and/or interferons. Numerous structural analogues of ribavirin have been developed, among them tiazofurin, which is inactive against viruses but is a potent anticancer drug. Tiazofurin was found to inhibit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) after metabolic conversion into tiazofurin adenine dinucleotide (TAD), which binds well but could not serve as IMPDH cofactor. TAD showed high selectivity against human IMPDH vs. other cellular dehydrogenases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was even more specific, binding at the cofactor-binding domain of IMPDH. Ribavirin adenine dinucleotide, however, did not show any significant inhibition at the enzymatic level. We synthesized numerous NAD analogues in which natural nicotinamide riboside was replaced by tiazofurin, MPA moiety, or benzamide riboside, and the adenosine moiety as well as the pyrophosphate linker were broadly modified. Some of these compounds were found to be low nanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme and sub-micromolar inhibitors of cancer cell line proliferation. The best were as potent as tyrosine kinase inhibitor gleevec heralded as a ‘magic bullet’ against chronic myelogenous leukemia. In recent years, ribavirin was rediscovered as a potential anticancer agent against number of tumors including leukemia. It was clearly established that its antitumor activity is related to the inhibition of an oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E).
Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-nociceptive potentials of standardized grape seed proanthocyanidin extract against CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Kaur Gurmanpreet , Bedi Onkar , Sharma Nidhika , Singh Shamsher , Deshmukh Rahul , Kumar Puneet 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background: Neuropathic pain is associated with severe chronic sensory disturbances characterized by spontaneous pain, increased responsiveness to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) and pain perceived in response to non-noxious stimuli (allodynia). Morphine is effective treatment for neuropathic pain but produces tolerance on chronic use. The present study was designed to explore the anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effect of grape seed extract using sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

Methods: Chronic constructive injury (CCI) was performed under anesthesia, on one side leg exposed by making a skin incision, and chromic gut ligatures were tied loosely around the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals. The treatment with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was initiated on 7th day post-surgery and continued for next 14 days. Morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) alone and morphine in combination with GSPE (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered in CCI rats for 5 days starting from 7th day. On 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day, behavioral parameters (mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia) were assessed. Then the animals were killed on 22nd day and biochemical parameters [reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, nitrite, superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were assessed.

Results: Ligation of the sciatic nerve significantly induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and induces oxidative stress (increase in LPO and nitrite) and decline of anti-oxidant enzyme levels (catalase, SOD, GSH) in sciatic nerve homogenate. GSPE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated all the behavioural and biochemical parameters. Morphine also significantly reversed the symptoms of neuropathic pain but produced tolerance after 5 days. Further, co-treatment of GSPE (100 mg/kg) with morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in CCI rats significantly reversed the morphine tolerance and enhanced its anti-hyperalgesic effect as compared to the morphine-alone-treated group.

Conclusions: In the present set of experiments, GSPE showed a significant anti-hyperalgesic and anti-nociceptive effect in rats.
Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Optical Digital Magnitude Comparator and 1’s Complement Calculator
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Raghuwanshi Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe optical switching activity is one of the most essential phenomena in the optical domain. The electro-optic effect-based switching phenomena are applicable to generate some effective combinational and sequential logic circuits. The processing of digital computational technique in the optical domain includes some considerable advantages of optical communication technology, e.g. immunity to electro-magnetic interferences, compact size, signal security, parallel computing and larger bandwidth. The paper describes some efficient technique to implement single bit magnitude comparator and 1’s complement calculator using the concepts of electro-optic effect. The proposed techniques are simulated on the MATLAB software. However, the suitability of the techniques is verified using the highly reliable Opti-BPM software. It is interesting to analyze the circuits in order to specify some optimized device parameter in order to optimize some performance affecting parameters, e.g. crosstalk, extinction ratio, signal losses through the curved and straight waveguide sections.
First-Principles Study of Electronic, Elastic, and Optical Properties of Yb:CaF2 Crystals
Authors: Qi Yuan-Yuan , Li Zhi-Guo , Cheng Yan , Chen Xiang-Rong , Ji Guang-Fu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The electronic structure, elastic, and optical properties of CaF2 and Yb-doped CaF2 are investigated by the first-principles calculations. The obtained lattice parameters, band structure, density of state, elastic constants, and imaginary part of dielectric function ε
2 for CaF2 agree well with the experimental and other theoretical results. A good comparison of the properties is made between CaF2 and Yb:CaF2, and it is found that: firstly, Yb doping leads to the crystal structure distortion of CaF2 and reduction of the elastic constants. Secondly, an impurity band is found at the top of valence band in the band structure of Yb:CaF2 and contributes to the bandgap narrowing. Thirdly, the peaks at about 26 eV in the optical curves disappear after Yb doping, and the remaining two peaks shift towards the longer-wavelength side, with the peak intensities drop down, indicating that Yb doping makes the ultraviolet transmittance of the system improve and the range of light in the UV region widen. Furthermore, Yb doping induces new peaks in the optical curves, which may be caused by 4f electron transitions of Yb atom. Finally, the transmittance of the doped system increases when the Yb-doped proportion decreases.
Genetic variability of <i>Papaya ringspot virus</i> isolates in Norte de Santander - Colombia
Authors: Chaves-Bedoya Giovanni , Ortiz-Rojas Luz Yineth 
Published: September 2015

The Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a member of the potyvirus that is transmitted by aphids within the Potyviridae family, is the main limiting factor for papaya (Carica papaya L.) and Cucurbits worldwide and causes losses of up to 100%. In this study, we conducted research on the genetic diversity of PRSV isolates collected from two locations in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. The analysis was performed by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the region that encode the coat protein (CP) of nine PRSV isolates from the Villa del Rosario location and 12 isolates from the Campo Hermoso location. The analysis included three sequences of the CP of PRSV isolates reported in the Colombian departments of Arauca and Valle del Cauca. The bioinformatic analysis suggested that the PRSV isolates from the locations in Norte de Santander were different from each other, grouping into different phylogenetic groups. Anexistence of recombination events in the coat protein was observed. This is the first study of PRSV genetic variability that has been conducted at the local level in Colombia.
A replacement name in the genus <i>Heriades</i> (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: September 2015

A replacement name is proposed to remove a case of secondary homonymy within the genus Heriades Spinola (Megachilinae: Osmiini). Heriades (Heriades) micheneriana Engel, new name, is established in place of H. (H.) micheneri (Gupta & Sharma), a junior homonym of H. (Neotrypetes) micheneri Timberlake.
Palenques y Cimarronaje: procesos de resistencia al sistema colonial esclavista en el Caribe Sabanero (Siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII)
Authors: Castaño Alen 
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the marronage logics (Cimarronaje) and the constitution of Palenque villages, as an expression of black slaves’ resistance against the colonial neogranadian system. The analysis is temporarily focused on the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, and spatially in the current Caribbean region of Colombia, specifically the areas known as Bolivar Sabanero and the Mompox Depression. Throughout the conjunction of these temporal and geographic variables, the author can track how black slaves ran away from their masters using marronage (cimarronaje) dynamics, as a pursuit for social and territorial autonomy. This autonomy was materialized through the construction of Palenque villages in specific areas of the Colombian Caribbean, where they found what the colonial system did not provide to the enslaved population of the time. In this sense, this paper presents some theoretical positions corresponding to the study of Afro-descendants during the colonial times in the focused region. The analysis could contribute to strengthening the figure of Palenque village’s as territorial entities and a geographic space that allowed the Maroons to access levels of social autonomy through a particular use and appropriation of their native territory.
Intervención social y el debate sobre lo público
Authors: Pilar Acosta Maria del 
Published: September 2015

Reseña del libro:Grupo de Intervención y Responsabilidad Social (2014). Intervención social y el debate sobre lo público: reflexiones conceptuales y casos locales. Colección "El Sur es Cielo Roto", No. 9. Cali, Colombia: Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales. 258 pp.
A Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ackermann Ronald T. , Liss David T. , Finch Emily A. , Schmidt Karen K. , Hays Laura M. , Marrero David G. , Saha Chandan 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the weight loss effectiveness of a YMCA model for the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention. Methods. Between July 2008 and November 2010, we individually randomized 509 overweight or obese, low-income, nondiabetic adults with elevated blood glucose in Indianapolis, Indiana, to receive standard care plus brief lifestyle counseling or be offered a group-based YMCA adaptation of the DPP (YDPP). Primary outcome was mean weight loss difference at 12 months. In our intention-to-treat analyses, we used longitudinal linear or logistic regression, multiply imputing missing observations. We used instrumental variables regression to estimate weight loss effectiveness among participants completing 9 or more intervention lessons. Results. In the YDPP arm, 161 (62.6%) participants attended ≥ 1 lesson and 103 (40.0%) completed 9 or more lessons. In intention-to-treat analysis, mean 12-month weight loss was 2.3 kilograms (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 3.4 kg) more for the YDPP arm than for standard care participants. In instrumental variable analyses, persons attending 9 or more lessons had a 5.3-kilogram (95% CI = 2.8, 7.9 kg) greater weight loss than did those with standard care alone. Conclusions. The YMCA model for DPP delivery achieves meaningful weight loss at 12 months among low-income adults.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cumulative Environmental Health Impacts in California: Evidence From a Statewide Environmental Justice Screening Tool (CalEnviroScreen 1.1)
Authors: Cushing Lara , Faust John , August Laura Meehan , Cendak Rose , Wieland Walker , Alexeeff George 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We used an environmental justice screening tool (CalEnviroScreen 1.1) to compare the distribution of environmental hazards and vulnerable populations across California communities. Methods. CalEnviroScreen 1.1 combines 17 indicators created from 2004 to 2013 publicly available data into a relative cumulative impact score. We compared cumulative impact scores across California zip codes on the basis of their location, urban or rural character, and racial/ethnic makeup. We used a concentration index to evaluate which indicators were most unequally distributed with respect to race/ethnicity and poverty. Results. The unadjusted odds of living in one of the 10% most affected zip codes were 6.2, 5.8, 1.9, 1.8, and 1.6 times greater for Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and other or multiracial individuals, respectively, than for non-Hispanic Whites. Environmental hazards were more regressively distributed with respect to race/ethnicity than poverty, with pesticide use and toxic chemical releases being the most unequal. Conclusions. Environmental health hazards disproportionately burden communities of color in California. Efforts to reduce disparities in pollution burden can use simple screening tools to prioritize areas for action.
Maternal Allostatic Load, Caretaking Behaviors, and Child Dental Caries Experience: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Linked Mother–Child Data From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Masterson Erin E. , Sabbah Wael 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the associations between chronic maternal stress measured by allostatic load (AL), maternal caretaking behaviors, and child dental caries experience. We also assessed the role of socioeconomic status in these associations. Methods. We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). We included children aged 2 to 6 years who linked to a maternal record (n = 716 maternal–child pairs). The main exposure was maternal AL index (0, 1, or ≥ 2). The primary outcome of interest was child dental caries experience (none or any). We evaluated the association between maternal AL and (1) maternal caretaking behaviors, and (2) child caries status and the role of socioeconomic status in these relationships. Results. Children of mothers with an AL index of at least 2 were significantly more likely to have not been breastfed and to have dental caries than were children of mothers with a normal AL before adjusting for measures of socioeconomic status. Conclusions. Maternal chronic stress, indicated by elevation in markers of AL, has an important role in child caretaking behaviors and in children’s oral health.
What Women Want: A Qualitative Study of Contraception in Jail
Authors: Schonberg Dana , Bennett Ariana H. , Sufrin Carolyn , Karasz Alison , Gold Marji 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We undertook this study to understand women’s perceptions of receiving contraception at Rikers Island Jail.Methods. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews in 2011 to 2012 with 32 women incarcerated at Rikers Island Jail. We analyzed the data using standard qualitative techniques.Results. Almost all participants believed that contraception should be provided at the jail. However, many said they would hesitate to use these services themselves. Reservations were caused in part by women’s negative views of health care services at the jail. Fears about the safety of birth control, difficulties associated with follow-up in the community, and desire for pregnancy were other factors that influenced interest in accepting contraception.Conclusions. Contraception at the jail must be provided by trusted medical providers delivering high quality care with the goal of allowing women to control their own fertility; this would ensure that women could access birth control and cease using birth control when desired.
Incarceration and Current Tobacco Smoking Among Black and Caribbean Black Americans in the National Survey of American Life
Authors: Bailey Zinzi D. , Okechukwu Cassandra , Kawachi Ichiro , Williams David R. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined the relationship between having a history of incarceration and being a current smoker using a national sample of noninstitutionalized Black adults living in the United States. Methods. With data from the National Survey of American Life collected between February 2001 and March 2003, we calculated individual propensity scores for having a history of incarceration. To examine the relationship between prior incarceration and current smoking status, we ran gender-specific propensity-matched fitted logistic regression models. Results. A history of incarceration was consistently and independently associated with a higher risk of current tobacco smoking in men and women. Formerly incarcerated Black men had 1.77 times the risk of being a current tobacco smoker than did their counterparts without a history of incarceration (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.61) in the propensity score-matched sample. The results were similar among Black women (prevalence ratio = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.57). Conclusions. Mass incarceration likely contributes to the prevalence of smoking among US Blacks. Future research should explore whether the exclusion of institutionalized populations in national statistics obscures Black–White disparities in tobacco smoking.
Spousal Violence in 5 Transitional Countries: A Population-Based Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors
Authors: Ismayilova Leyla 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. I examined the individual- and community-level factors associated with spousal violence in post-Soviet countries. Methods. I used population-based data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 2005 and 2012. My sample included currently married women of reproductive age (n = 3932 in Azerbaijan, n = 4053 in Moldova, n = 1932 in Ukraine, n = 4361 in Kyrgyzstan, and n = 4093 in Tajikistan). I selected respondents using stratified multistage cluster sampling. Because of the nested structure of the data, multilevel logistic regressions for survey data were fitted to examine factors associated with spousal violence in the last 12 months. Results. Partner’s problem drinking was the strongest risk factor associated with spousal violence in all 5 countries. In Moldova, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, women with greater financial power than their spouses were more likely to experience violence. Effects of community economic deprivation and of empowerment status of women in the community on spousal violence differed across countries. Women living in communities with a high tolerance of violence faced a higher risk of spousal violence in Moldova and Ukraine. In more traditional countries (Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan), spousal violence was lower in conservative communities with patriarchal gender beliefs or higher financial dependency on husbands. Conclusions. My findings underscore the importance of examining individual risk factors in the context of community-level factors and developing individual- and community-level interventions.
Differences by Sexual Orientation in Expectations About Future Long-Term Care Needs Among Adults 40 to 65 Years Old
Authors: Henning-Smith Carrie , Gonzales Gilbert , Shippee Tetyana P. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined whether and how lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults between 40 and 65 years of age differ from heterosexual adults in long-term care (LTC) expectations. Methods. Our data were derived from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordered logistic regression to compare the odds of expected future use of LTC among LGB (n = 297) and heterosexual (n = 13 120) adults. We also used logistic regression models to assess the odds of expecting to use specific sources of care. All models controlled for key socioeconomic characteristics. Results. Although LGB adults had greater expectations of needing LTC in the future than their heterosexual counterparts, that association was largely explained by sociodemographic and health differences. After control for these differentials, LGB adults were less likely to expect care from family and more likely to expect to use institutional care in old age. Conclusions. LGB adults may rely more heavily than heterosexual adults on formal systems of care. As the older population continues to diversify, nursing homes and assisted living facilities should work to ensure safety and culturally sensitive best practices for older LGB groups.