bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing hyperhidrosis and normal physiological sweat production: new data and review of hyperhidrosis data for 1980–2013
Authors: Thorlacius Linnea , Gyldenløve Mette , Zachariae Claus , Carlsen Berit C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundHyperhidrosis is a condition in which the production of sweat is abnormally increased. No objective criteria for the diagnosis of hyperhidrosis exist, mainly because reference intervals for normal physiological sweat production at rest are unknown.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to establish reference intervals for normal physiological axillary and palmar sweat production.MethodsGravimetric testing was performed in 75 healthy control subjects. Subsequently, these results were compared with findings in a cohort of patients with hyperhidrosis and with the results derived from a review of data on hyperhidrosis published between 1980 and 2013.ResultsApproximately 90% of the controls had axillary and palmar sweat production rates of below 100 mg/5 min. In all except one of the axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis studies reviewed, average sweat production exceeded 100 mg/5 min.ConclusionsA sweat production rate of 100 mg/5 min as measured by gravimetric testing may be a reasonable cut‐off value for distinguishing axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis from normal physiological sweat production.
A doxa‐informed practice analysis: reflexivity and representations, technology and action
Authors: Ellway Benjamin P. W. , Walsham Geoff 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe information systems (IS) work practice literature recognises that the use of information technology in organisations and broader social structuring is composed of both human action and the properties of technology. Social representations of work are important as reflexive agents may see contradictions between these and their use of technology in practice, thus providing a trigger for change. However, agents do not always see contradictions, which allows them to endure by favouring practice reproduction. To explain this inconsistency, this paper introduces the concept of doxa as a sensitising device for a practice analysis of call centre work and examines the narratives developed by advisors to represent their call‐handling practices. The contributions of our doxa‐informed practice analysis to the literature on IS and work practices include the following: firstly, to indicate how a simultaneous presence and absence of agents' reflexivity occurs; secondly, to demonstrate how the sensemaking function provided by social representations of work and technology can be undermined; and finally to show how material conditions of work and organisation may remain hidden, despite being directly implicated in the logic of practice.
Success Rates in Pediatric WPW Ablation Are Improved with 3‐Dimensional Mapping Systems Compared with Fluoroscopy Alone: A Multicenter Study
Authors: CERESNAK SCOTT R. , DUBIN ANNE M. , KIM JEFFREY J. , VALDES SANTIAGO O. , FISHBERGER STEVEN B. , SHETTY IRA , ZIMMERMAN FRANK , TANEL RONN E. , EPSTEIN MICHAEL R. , MOTONAGA KARA S. , CAPONE CHRISTINE A. , NAPPO LYNN , GATES GREGORY J. , PASS ROBERT H. 
Published: January 2015

3‐D Mapping Improves Success Rates for WPW AblationIntroductionThree‐dimensional mapping (3‐D) systems are frequently used for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. Prior studies have demonstrated radiation dosage reduction with 3‐D, but there are no data on whether 3‐D improves the efficacy of ablation of Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome (WPW). We sought to determine if 3‐D improves the success rate for ablation of WPW in children.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study including patients ≤21 years of age with WPW undergoing ablation from 2008 to 2012. Success rates using the 2 techniques (3‐D vs. fluoroscopy alone [FLUORO]) were compared.ResultsSix hundred and fifty‐one cases were included (58% male, mean age 13 ± 4 years, 366 [56%] 3‐D). Baseline characteristics including gender, weight, accessory pathway (AP) location, number of APs, and repeat ablation attempts were similar between the 2 groups (3‐D and FLUORO) The 3‐D group was slightly younger (12.7 ± 4.0 vs. 13.3 ± 4.0 years; P = 0.04) and less likely to undergo ablation utilizing cryoenergy (38 [10%] vs. 56 [20%]; P < 0.01). The 3‐D group had a higher acute success rate of ablation (355 [97%] vs. 260 [91%]; P < 0.01). No differences were seen in recurrence (16 [5%] vs. 26 [9%]; P = 0.09) or complication rates (1 [0.3%] vs. 1 [0.4%]; P = 0.86) between the groups. On multivariable analysis, 3‐D was shown to significantly improve success at ablation with an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI 1.44–6.72; P < 0.01).ConclusionsUse of 3‐D significantly improved success rates for ablation of WPW in children. The increase in acute success associated with 3‐D suggests it is an important adjunct for catheter ablation of WPW in children.
Application of multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms for the rehabilitation of storm sewer pipe networks
Authors: Yazdi J. , Sadollah A. , Lee E.H. , Yoo D.G. , Kim J.H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, evolutionary optimisation algorithms have been used successfully for a wide variety of water resources engineering problems and their applications are still increasing. In this research work, a hybrid harmony search algorithm, ‘Non‐dominated Sorting Harmony Search’ algorithm is developed and compared with two state‐of‐the‐art multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms – the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)‐II and multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) algorithms – for assigning optimal rehabilitation plans for sewer pipe networks. The algorithms considered were validated using some standard test functions reported in the literature and compared with each other in terms of several metrics. These algorithms were then linked to the SWMM‐EPA hydraulic model and applied to a storm sewer pipe network case study in Seoul, South Korea, to obtain the best rehabilitation plans for pipe replacements. The results showed that the algorithms considered have different behaviours in solving the benchmark tests and rehabilitation problem. The proposed hybrid multi‐objective harmony search algorithm provides better optimal solutions in terms of different metrics and clearly outperforms the other two algorithms for the rehabilitation of the storm sewer pipe networks.
Do Acquisitions Relieve Target Firms’ Financial Constraints?
Authors: EREL ISIL , JANG YEEJIN , WEISBACH MICHAEL S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTManagers often claim that target firms are financially constrained prior to being acquired and that these constraints are eased following the acquisition. Using a large sample of European acquisitions, we document that the level of cash that target firms hold, the sensitivity of cash to cash flow, and the sensitivity of investment to cash flow all decline, while investment increases following the acquisition. These effects are stronger in deals that are more likely to be associated with financing improvements. Our findings suggest that acquisitions relieve financial frictions in target firms, especially when the target firm is relatively small.
Can Masticatory Electromyography be Normalised to Submaximal Bite Force?
Authors: Crawford S. R. , Burden A. M. , Yates J. M. , Zioupos P. , Winwood K. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe combination of bite force and jaw muscle electromyography (EMG) provides an insight into the performance of the stomatognathic system, especially in relation to dynamic movement tasks. Literature has extensively investigated possible methods for normalising EMG data encapsulating many different approaches. However, bite force literature trends towards normalising EMG to a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), which could be difficult for ageing populations or those with poor dental health or limiting conditions such as temporomandibular disorder. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine whether jaw‐closing muscle activity is linearly correlated with incremental submaximal and maximal bite force levels and (ii) assess whether normalising maximal and submaximal muscle activity to that produced when performing a low submaximal bite force (20 N) improves repeatability of EMG values. Thirty healthy adults (15 men, 15 women; mean age 21 ± 1·2 years) had bite force measurements obtained using a custom‐made button strain gauge load cell. Masseter and anterior temporalis muscle activities were collected bilaterally using surface EMG sensors whilst participants performed maximal biting and three levels of submaximal biting. Furthermore, a small group (n = 4 females) were retested for reliability purposes. Coefficients of variation and intra‐class correlation coefficients showed markedly improved reliability when EMG data were normalised compared to non‐normalised. This study shows that jaw muscle EMG may be successfully normalised to a very low bite force. This may open possibilities for comparisons between at‐risk sample groups that may otherwise find it difficult to produce maximal bite force values.
Reduced mandibular range of motion in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: predictive factors
Authors: van Bruggen H. W. , Van Den Engel‐Hoek L. , Steenks M.H. , Bronkhorst E.M. , Creugers N.H.J. , de Groot I.J.M. , Kalaykova S.I. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPatients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) experience negative effects upon feeding and oral health. We aimed to determine whether the mandibular range of motion in DMD is impaired and to explore predictive factors for the active maximum mouth opening (aMMO). 23 patients with DMD (mean age 16·7 ± 7·7 years) and 23 controls were assessed using a questionnaire about mandibular function and impairments. All participants underwent a clinical examination of the masticatory system, including measurement of mandibular range of motion and variables related to mandibular movements. In all patients, quantitative ultrasound of the digastric muscle and the geniohyoid muscle and the motor function measure (MFM) scale were performed. The patients were divided into early and late ambulatory stage (AS), early non‐ambulatory stage (ENAS) and late non‐ambulatory stage (LNAS). All mandibular movements were reduced in the patient group (P < 0·001) compared to the controls. Reduction in the aMMO (<40 mm) was found in 26% of the total patient group. LNAS patients had significantly smaller mandibular movements compared to AS and ENAS (P < 0·05). Multiple linear regression analysis for aMMO revealed a positive correlation with the body height and disease progression, with MFM total score as the strongest independent risk factor (R2 = 0·71). Mandibular movements in DMD are significantly reduced and become more hampered with loss of motor function, including the sitting position, arm function, and neck and head control. We suggest that measurement of the aMMO becomes a part of routine care of patients with DMD.
Variation in Utilization of Health Care Services for Rural VA Enrollees With Mental Health‐Related Diagnoses
Authors: Johnson Christopher E. , Bush Ruth L. , Harman Jeffrey , Bolin Jane , Evans Hudnall Gina , Nguyen Ann M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeRural‐dwelling Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) enrollees are at high risk for a wide variety of mental health‐related disorders. The objective of this study is to examine the variation in the types of mental and nonmental health services received by rural VA enrollees who have a mental health‐related diagnosis.MethodsThe Andersen and Aday behavioral model of health services use and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data were used to examine how VA enrollees with mental health‐related diagnoses accessed places of care from 1999 to 2009. Population survey weights were applied to the MEPS data, and logit regression was conducted to model how predisposing, enabling, and need factors influence rural veteran health services use (measured by visits to different places of care). Analyses were performed on the subpopulations: rural VA, rural non‐VA, urban VA, and urban non‐VA enrollees.FindingsFor all types of care, both rural and urban VA enrollees received care from inpatient, outpatient, office‐based, and emergency room settings at higher odds than urban non‐VA enrollees. Rural VA enrollees also received all types of care from inpatient, office‐based, and emergency room settings at higher odds than urban VA enrollees. Rural VA enrollees had higher odds of a mental health visit of any kind compared to urban VA and non‐VA enrollees.ConclusionsBased on these variations, the VA may want to develop strategies to increase screening efforts in inpatient settings and emergency rooms to further capture rural VA enrollees who have undiagnosed mental health conditions.
Clinical characteristics of Scottie Cramp in 31 cases
Authors: Urkasemsin G. , Olby N. J. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVETo report the clinical features, with response to therapy and long‐term outcome of Scottie Cramp as described by owners.METHODSOwners of affected dogs provided a description of clinical signs, age of onset and disease progression. Medical records, pedigrees and videotapes of cramp episodes were evaluated.RESULTSThirty‐one dogs were recruited; 19 showed generalised spasticity and 12 exhibited only hind limb spasticity and skipping. Episodes were noted in the first year of life in 76% of dogs and were triggered by excitement, stress and exercise. Episode frequency and severity decreased over time with behaviour modification and decreased exposure to triggers playing a role in their development. One dog was euthanased because of severe refractory signs. Fluoxetine reduced the frequency and duration of episodes in seven dogs, but not in one severely affected dog. Female dogs were over‐represented with only eight affected males in the study cohort, and the presence of dogs with cerebellar degeneration in the same pedigrees may suggest a more complex mode of inheritance than previously reported.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe disorder recognised as Scottie Cramp by dog owners includes dogs with hind limb spasticity in addition to generalised cramping. Signs usually improve over time without specific treatment.
Enhancing knowledge of an endangered and elusive species, the okapi, using non‐invasive genetic techniques
Authors: Stanton D. W. G. , Hart J. , Kümpel N. F. , Vosper A. , Nixon S. , Bruford M. W. , Ewen J. G. , Wang J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe okapi Okapia johnstoni is an endangered, even‐toed ungulate in the family Giraffidae, and is endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Okapi are highly elusive and very little is known about their behaviour and ecology in the wild. We used non‐invasive genetic methods to examine the social structure, mating system and dispersal for a population of okapi in the Réserve de Faune à Okapis, DRC. Okapi individuals were found to be solitary, but genetically polygamous or promiscuous. There was no evidence for any close spatial association between large groups of related or unrelated okapi for either sex, but we did find evidence for male‐biased dispersal. An isolation by distance pattern of genetic similarity was present, but appears to be operating just below the spatial scale of the area investigated in the present study. We describe how the analyses used here can infer aspects of behavioural ecology and discuss the strengths and limitations of these analyses. We therefore provide a guide for future studies using non‐invasive genetics to investigate behavioural ecology of rare, elusive animals. This study furthers scientific knowledge about a species that has recently been recognized by the IUCN as endangered, and is a potentially important flagship species for Central Africa.
Why are marine adaptive radiations rare in Hawai'i?
Authors: Wainwright Peter C. 
Published: January 2015

Islands can be sites of dynamic evolutionary radiations, and the Hawaiian Islands have certainly given us a bounty of insights into the processes and mechanisms of diversification. Adaptive radiations in silverswords and honeycreepers have inspired a generation of biologists with evidence of rapid diversification that resulted in exceptional levels of ecological and morphological diversity. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, tiny waterfall‐climbing gobies make a case for their place among Hawaiian evolutionary elite. Moody et al. () present an analysis of gene flow and local adaptation in six goby populations on Kaua'i and Hawai'i measured in three consecutive years to try to disentangle the relative role of local adaptation and gene flow in shaping diversity within Sicyopterus stimpsoni. Their study shows that strong patterns of local selection result in streams with gobies adapted to local conditions in spite of high rates of gene flow between stream populations and no evidence for significant genetic population structure. These results help us understand how local adaptation and gene flow are balanced in gobies, but these fishes also offer themselves as a model that illustrates why adaptive diversification in Hawai'i's marine fauna is so different from the terrestrial fauna.
Information entropy as a measure of genetic diversity and evolvability in colonization
Authors: Day Troy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent years, several studies have examined the relationship between genetic diversity and establishment success in colonizing species. Many of these studies have shown that genetic diversity enhances establishment success. There are several hypotheses that might explain this pattern, and here I focus on the possibility that greater genetic diversity results in greater evolvability during colonization. Evaluating the importance of this mechanism first requires that we quantify evolvability. Currently, most measures of evolvability have been developed for quantitative traits whereas many studies of colonization success deal with discrete molecular markers or phenotypes. The purpose of this study is to derive a suitable measure of evolvability for such discrete data. I show that under certain assumptions, Shannon's information entropy of the allelic distribution provides a natural measure of evolvability. This helps to alleviate previous concerns about the interpretation of information entropy for genetic data. I also suggest that information entropy provides a natural generalization to previous measures of evolvability for quantitative traits when the trait distributions are not necessarily multivariate normal.
Oxidative stress conditions increase the frequency of de novo formation of the yeast [PSI+] prion
Authors: Doronina Victoria A. , Staniforth Gemma L. , Speldewinde Shaun H. , Tuite Mick F. , Grant Chris M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPrions are self‐perpetuating amyloid protein aggregates which underlie various neurodegenerative diseases in mammals and heritable traits in yeast. The molecular basis of how yeast and mammalian prions form spontaneously into infectious amyloid‐like structures is poorly understood. We have explored the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a general trigger for prion formation using the yeast [PSI+] prion, which is the altered conformation of the Sup35 translation termination factor. We show that the frequency of [PSI+] prion formation is elevated under conditions of oxidative stress and in mutants lacking key antioxidants. We detect increased oxidation of Sup35 methionine residues in antioxidant mutants and show that overexpression of methionine sulphoxide reductase abrogates both the oxidation of Sup35 and its conversion to the [PSI+] prion. [PSI+] prion formation is particularly elevated in a mutant lacking the Sod1 Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase. We have used fluorescence microscopy to show that the de novo appearance of [PSI+] is both rapid and increased in frequency in this mutant. Finally, electron microscopy analysis of native Sup35 reveals that similar fibrillar structures are formed in both the wild‐type and antioxidant mutants. Together, our data indicate that oxidative stress is a general trigger of [PSI+] formation, which can be alleviated by antioxidant defenses.
Sub‐cellular location of FtsH proteases in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 suggests localised PSII repair zones in the thylakoid membranes
Authors: Sacharz Joanna , Bryan Samantha J. , Yu Jianfeng , Burroughs Nigel J. , Spence Edward M. , Nixon Peter J. , Mullineaux Conrad W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, exposure to HL damages the photosynthetic apparatus, especially the D1 subunit of Photosystem II. To avoid chronic photoinhibition, a PSII repair cycle operates to replace damaged PSII subunits with newly synthesised versions. To determine the sub‐cellular location of this process, we examined the localisation of FtsH metalloproteases, some of which are directly involved in degrading damaged D1. We generated transformants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 expressing GFP‐tagged versions of its four FtsH proteases. The ftsH2–gfp strain was functional for PSII repair under our conditions. Confocal microscopy shows that FtsH1 is mainly in the cytoplasmic membrane, while the remaining FtsH proteins are in patches either in the thylakoid or at the interface between the thylakoid and cytoplasmic membranes. HL exposure which increases the activity of the Photosystem II repair cycle led to no detectable changes in FtsH distribution, with the FtsH2 protease involved in D1 degradation retaining its patchy distribution in the thylakoid membrane. We discuss the possibility that the FtsH2–GFP patches represent Photosystem II ‘repair zones’ within the thylakoid membranes, and the possible advantages of such functionally specialised membrane zones. Anti‐GFP affinity pull‐downs provide the first indication of the composition of the putative repair zones.
Plasmodium falciparum SERA5 plays a non‐enzymatic role in the malarial asexual blood‐stage lifecycle
Authors: Stallmach Robert , Kavishwar Manoli , Withers‐Martinez Chrislaine , Hackett Fiona , Collins Christine R. , Howell Steven A. , Yeoh Sharon , Knuepfer Ellen , Atid Avshalom J. , Holder Anthony A. , Blackman Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum replicates in an intraerythrocytic parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The most abundant P. falciparum PV protein, called SERA5, is essential in blood stages and possesses a papain‐like domain, prompting speculation that it functions as a proteolytic enzyme. Unusually however, SERA5 possesses a Ser residue (Ser596) at the position of the canonical catalytic Cys of papain‐like proteases, and the function of SERA5 or whether it performs an enzymatic role is unknown. In this study, we failed to detect proteolytic activity associated with the Ser596‐containing parasite‐derived or recombinant protein. However, substitution of Ser596 with a Cys residue produced an active recombinant enzyme with characteristics of a cysteine protease, demonstrating that SERA5 can bind peptides. Using targeted homologous recombination in P. falciparum, we substituted Ser596 with Ala with no phenotypic consequences, proving that SERA5 does not perform an essential enzymatic role in the parasite. We could also replace an internal segment of SERA5 with an affinity‐purification tag. In contrast, using almost identical targeting constructs, we could not truncate or C‐terminally tag the SERA5 gene, or replace Ser596 with a bulky Arg residue. Our findings show that SERA5 plays an indispensable but non‐enzymatic role in the P. falciparum blood‐stage life cycle.