bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, crystal structure and photophysical studies on a ruthenium(II) carbonyl hydrido compound based on 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid (H2bpdc)
Authors: Xiang Jing , Li Zai‐Gao , Zou Hua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel complex, namely [RuII(PPh3)(CO)(H)(Hbpdc)]·2MeOH (1) (H2bpdc = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized from the reaction of H2bpdc with [RuII(PPh3)3(CO)(H)2] in methanol under mild condition and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, ESI mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure shows that the complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a = 11.8984(13) Å, b = 16.5180(18) Å, c = 25.5322(19) Å, β = 115.302(4)°, V = 4536.6(8) Å3, Z = 4. This compound features a 1‐D supramolecular chain constructed via hydrogen bonds. Its photophysical properties have been investigated in MeOH solution and in the solid state at room temperature.
The effect of tide on the hydrology and morphology of a freshwater river
Authors: Ensign Scott H. , Doyle Martin W. , Piehler Michael F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTHow does river hydrology and morphology change due to tidal influence? We contend that this is a question of particular consequence to many earth surface disciplines, but one that has not been adequately addressed. Previous studies have relied on gradients in channel morphology and stratigraphy to infer energy regime of channels. However, in tidal rivers geomorphology influences the energy regime while the energy regime influences morphology; thus, geomorphic and stratigraphic patterns do not fully resolve the mechanisms which lead to change. We addressed this problem by comparing measurements of hydraulic energy and channel morphology along a tidal gradient to predictions of these characteristics in the absence of tides, and attributed the differences to tidal processes. Measurements of discharge, channel area, and energy dissipation (in kJ day–1) were made over a 24·8 hour period at four sites spanning the non‐tidal to tidal freshwater Newport River, NC. We then predicted those characteristics under non‐tidal conditions using hydraulic geometry relationships and literature values from coastal plain rivers. Discharge was enhanced more than 10‐fold by tide, and this tidal effect increased from upstream to downstream along the tidal gradient. Cross‐sectional area increased three‐fold due to tide. Energy dissipation measured in the upper tidal river was four‐fold lower than predicted to occur in the absence of tide because tides decreased average velocity and discharge. Energy dissipation measured downstream was similar to that predicted to occur without tides, although there was large uncertainty in predicted values downstream. While this limited dataset does not permit us to make broad generalizations for definitive models, it does provide a proof‐of‐concept for a new approach to addressing a critical problem at the interface of fluvial and coastal morphology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogeochemical carbon coupling influences global precipitation in geoengineering experiments
Authors: Fyfe J.C. , Cole J.N.S. , Arora V.K. , Scinocca J.F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractClimate model studies in which CO2‐induced global warming is offset by engineered decreases of incoming solar radiation are generally robust in their prediction of reduced amounts of global precipitation. While this precipitation response has been explained on the basis of changes in net radiation controlling evaporative processes at the surface, there has been relatively little consideration of the relative role of biogeochemical carbon‐cycle interactions. To address this issue, we employ an Earth System Model that includes oceanic and terrestrial carbon components to isolate the impact of biogeochemical carbon coupling on the precipitation response in geoengineering experiments for two types of solar radiation management. We show that carbon coupling is responsible for a large fraction of the global precipitation reduction in such geoengineering experiments and that the primary effect comes from reduced transpiration through the leaves of plants and trees in the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle due to elevated CO2. Our results suggest that biogeochemical interactions are as important as changes in net radiation and that climate models that do not account for such carbon coupling may significantly underestimate precipitation reductions in a geoengineered world.
Simulations of tremor‐related creep reveal a weak crustal root of the San Andreas Fault
Authors: Johnson Kaj M. , Shelly David R. , Bradley Andrew M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDeep aseismic roots of faults play a critical role in transferring tectonic loads to shallower, brittle crustal faults that rupture in large earthquakes. Yet, until the recent discovery of deep tremor and creep, direct inference of the physical properties of lower‐crustal fault roots has remained elusive. Observations of tremor near Parkfield, CA provide the first evidence for present‐day localized slip on the deep extension of the San Andreas Fault and triggered transient creep events. We develop numerical simulations of fault slip to show that the spatiotemporal evolution of triggered tremor near Parkfield is consistent with triggered fault creep governed by laboratory‐derived friction laws between depths of 20–35 km on the fault. Simulated creep and observed tremor northwest of Parkfield nearly ceased for 20–30 days in response to small coseismic stress changes of order 104 Pa from the 2003 M6.5 San Simeon Earthquake. Simulated afterslip and observed tremor following the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake show a coseismically induced pulse of rapid creep and tremor lasting for 1 day followed by a longer 30 day period of sustained accelerated rates due to propagation of shallow afterslip into the lower crust. These creep responses require very low effective normal stress of ~1 MPa on the deep San Andreas Fault and near‐neutral‐stability frictional properties expected for gabbroic lower‐crustal rock.
Carnitines slow down tumor development of colon cancer in the DMH‐chemical carcinogenesis mouse model
Authors: Roscilli Giuseppe , Marra Emanuele , Mori Federica , Di Napoli Arianna , Mancini Rita , Serlupi‐Crescenzi Ottaviano , Virmani Ashraf , Aurisicchio Luigi , Ciliberto Gennaro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDietary agents are receiving much attention for the chemoprevention of cancer. While curcumin is known to influence several pathways and affect tumor growth in vivo, carnitin and its congeners play a variety of important metabolic functions: are involved in the oxydation of long‐chain fatty acids, regulate acyl‐CoA levels and influence protein activity and stability by modifying the extent of protein acetylation. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of carnitines in the prevention of cancer development using the 1,2,‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced colon carcinogenesis model. We also assessed whether their combination was able to give rise to increased protection from cancer development. Mice treated with DMH were dosed orally with curcumin and/or carnitine and acylcarnitines for 20 weeks. At the end of the treatment colon samples were collected, and scored for multiple ACF and adenomas. We observed that carnitine and acyl‐carnitines had same, if not higher, efficacy than curcumin alone in inhibiting the formation of neoplastic lesions induced by DMH treatment. Interestingly, the combination of curcumin and acetyl‐L‐carnitine was able to fully inhibit the development of advanced adenoma lesions. Our data unveil the antitumor effects of carnitines and warrant additional studies to further support the adoption of carnitines as cancer chemopreventative agents. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1665–1673, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First principles study of gallium‐cleaning for hydrogen‐contaminated α‐Al2O3(0001) surfaces
Authors: Yang Rui , Rendell Alistair P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe use of gallium for cleaning hydrogen‐contaminated Al2O3 surfaces is explored by performing first principles density functional calculations of gallium adsorption on a hydrogen‐contaminated Al‐terminated α‐Al2O3(0001) surface. Both physisorbed and chemisorbed H‐contaminated α‐Al2O3(0001) surfaces with one monolayer (ML) gallium coverage are investigated. The thermodynamics of gallium cleaning are considered for a variety of different asymptotic products, and are found to be favorable in all cases. Physisorbed H atoms have very weak interactions with the Al2O3 surface and can be removed easily by the Ga ML. Chemisorbed H atoms form stronger interactions with the surface Al atoms. Bonding energy analysis and departure simulations indicate, however, that chemisorbed H atoms can be effectively removed by the Ga ML. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multiscale coarse‐grained polarizable solvent model for handling long tail bulk electrostatics
Authors: Masella Michel , Borgis Daniel , Cuniasse Philippe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA multiscale coarse‐grained approach able to handle efficiently the solvation of microscopic solutes in extended chemical environment is described. That approach is able to compute readily and efficiently very long‐range solute/solvent electrostatic microscopic interactions, up to the 1‐μm scale, by considering a reduced amount of computational resources. All the required parameters are assigned to reproduce available data concerning the solvation of single ions. Such a strategy makes it possible to reproduce with good accuracy the solvation properties concerning simple ion pairs in solution (in particular, the asymptotic behavior of the ion pair potentials of mean force). This new method represents an extension of the polarizable pseudoparticle solvent model, which has been recently improved to account for the main features of hydrophobic effects in liquid water (Masella et al., J. Comput. Chem.
2011, 32, 2664). This multiscale approach is well suited to be used for computing the impact of charge changes in free energy computations, in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonrandom adsorption of polyelectrolyte chains on finite regularly charged surfaces
Authors: Nunes Sandra C. C. , Pinto P. , Pais A. A. C. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAdsorption phenomena are relevant in a wide variety of subjects, from biophysics to technological applications. Different aspects, such as molecular recognition, multilayer deposition, and dynamics of polymer adsorption have been addressed. The methodologies used range from analytical and numerical methods to molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations. In this work, a coarse‐grained model is used to explore the adsorption of charged backbones to oppositely charged regions of a surface. These regions encompass those small enough to prevent complete adsorption, but extend to surfaces sufficiently large to promote adsorption with minimal effect on the three‐dimensional conformation in bulk. Apart from the different surface areas explored, variations on the surface charge density, polyelectrolyte chain length, and chain stiffness were also considered. The degree of compaction of the polyelectrolyte, on adsorption, is different from that found in the bulk. Also, results indicate an nonuniform adsorption pattern on regularly charged surfaces. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MAPLE Deposition of Macromolecules
Authors: Shepard Kimberly B. , Priestley Rodney D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMacromolecules are poised to feature prominently as components in organic electronics, medical implants, drug delivery systems, and sensors. A common theme for the role polymers will play in all of these is as a thin film. In all applications, it is paramount to have precise control over film thickness, structure, morphology, surfaces roughness, etc. Here, matrix‐assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) is reviewed as a route to processing polymer and other soft matter thin films with control over the above‐mentioned parameters. After briefly discussing the experimental setup and current proposed mechanism of film formation via MAPLE, the use of MAPLE to process thin films is highlighted for use in various technologies and applications. Future directions and challenges for MAPLE processing of thin films are also discussed.magnified image
How Group Loyalties Shape Ethical Judgment and Punishment Preferences
Authors: Wright Scott A. , Dinsmore John B. , Kellaris James J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTOnce a matter of safety and survival, loyalty is a moral principle deeply rooted in human evolution—one that may wield a profound influence on ethical judgment and conceptions of just punishment. Consumers live in a complex Web of loyalty obligations woven through affiliations with marketers, fellow consumers, and other groups. This article examines how such affiliations shape consumers’ judgments of ethically controversial marketing conduct and preferences for punishment. In general, the more unethical an act is judged to be, the more severe the preferred punishment. However, the findings show that although consumers judge a controversial marketing act as more unethical when an in‐group member targets the consumer's in‐group (vs. out‐group), a more lenient punishment is preferred (Study 1). Additionally, the extent to which one embraces loyalty as a moral value appears to mediate the relationship between group affiliations and preferred punishment (Study 2). This is a bias participants deny having, but believe others exhibit. This research finds evidence of loyalty to the principle of loyalty itself. A person will view an out‐group member transgressing a member from that same out‐group with disdain similar to that accorded an in‐group member who transgresses the in‐group, because the innate badness of the act is compounded by the stigma of disloyalty.
The Beautiful, the Cheerful, and the Helpful: The Effects of Service Employee Attributes on Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Keh Hean Tat , Ren Run , Hill Sally Rao , Li Xuan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn contrast to prior studies examining only piecemeal aspects of employee attributes (i.e., physical attractiveness, displayed emotion, or helpfulness), the present research adopts an encompassing approach and considers these attributes simultaneously. These three attributes were selected as they represent the physical, emotional, and motivational aspects of the employee, respectively. This holistic approach provides an understanding of how these three dimensions of employee attributes exert differential effects and interact with one another on customer satisfaction. In order to validate the proposed framework and hypotheses, the authors conducted an experiment as well as a survey in an actual retail setting. Results show that even though all three employee attributes lead to customer satisfaction, employee helpfulness has the strongest impact. In addition, employees’ displayed emotion interacts with their physical attractiveness and helpfulness, respectively, to influence customer satisfaction. These findings not only contribute to the literature, but also have managerial implications for high‐contact services.
Cultural Diversity and Marketing Transactions: Are Market Integration, Large Community Size, and World Religions Necessary for Fairness in Ephemeral Exchanges?
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Zhang Mann 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe study here applies qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in an examination of data from 15 societies varying in their degree of market integration (MI) and participation in world religions (WRs); the data are available in Henrich et al. (2010b). The findings here provide a more nuanced coverage of the influences of cultural causal recipes on fairness and punishment in exchanges with strangers than “net effect” explanations. The coverage here explains how acts of fairness and punishment are contingent on several alternative paths including both low as well as high levels of MI and WR. Contrary to conclusions by Henrich et al. (2010a), depending on additional ingredients in cultural recipes, a society does not need to achieve MI and adoption of a WR to be fair and punish unfairness.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Thiol‐Ene Hydrogelation Using Eosin‐Y as the Only Photoinitiator
Authors: Shih Han , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe utility of visible‐light‐mediated polymerization in tissue engineering has been limited due to the necessary use of potentially cytotoxic coinitiator and comonomer. Here, we report a visible‐light‐mediated thiol‐ene hydrogelation scheme using eosin‐Y as the only photoinitiator. Under visible light exposure, rapid and highly tunable step‐growth gelation is achieved using PEG‐norbornene and a model cross‐linker dithiothreitol. In addition to investigating the gelation kinetics and properties of thiol‐ene hydrogels formed by this new gelation scheme, we also report high cytocompatibility of these hydrogels using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and pancreatic MIN6 β‐cells.
Boron Subphthalocyanine Polymers by Facile Coupling to Poly(acrylic acid‐ran‐styrene) Copolymers Synthesized by Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization and the Associated Problems with Autoinitiation
Authors: Lessard Benoît H. , Bender Timothy P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBoron subphthalocyanines (BsubPcs) are macrocyclic aromatic small molecules containing a chelated boron atom. BsubPcs have interesting optoelectronic and physical properties, justifying their use in various organic electronic devices such as organic solar cells and organic light‐emitting diodes. However, our group has only recently reported the first incorporation of a BsubPc moiety into a polymer using a two‐step post‐polymerization procedure. This communication outlines the use of acrylic acid as a method for obtaining carboxylic acid functional copolymers for the facile coupling to BsubPc post polymerization. In addition, the observations and the proposed mechanism of a side product unique to the copolymerization of acrylic acid and styrene due to autoinitiation are presented.magnified image
Curcuminoids distinctly exhibit antioxidant activities and regulate expression of scavenger receptors and heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Kou Mei‐Chun , Chiou Shu‐Yuan , Weng Ching‐Yi , Wang Lisu , Ho Chi‐Tang , Wu Ming‐Jiuan 
Published: February 2013

ScopeCurcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) have been demonstrated as having antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and hypocholesterolemic activities. We report the diverse antiatherogenic effects and mechanisms of curcuminoids.Methods and resultsWe found that CUR was the most potent antioxidant against copper‐mediated LDL oxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances assay, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) ELISA, and electrophoretic mobility. CUR upregulated heme oxygenase‐1, modifier subunit of glutamate‐cysteine ligase (GCLM), and CD36 expression in undifferentiated THP‐1 cells, supporting the possible involvement of Nrf2 pathway in CD36 expression. Monocyte‐to‐macrophage differentiation plays a vital role in early atherogenesis. BDMC reduced oxLDL uptake most effectively, while CUR was the best inhibitor for CD36, scavenger receptor A, and lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 expression during phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced THP‐1 differentiation. In PMA‐differentiated THP‐1 macrophages, CUR and DMC effectively induced heme oxygenase‐1 expression, but attenuated oxLDL‐induced CD36 expression, leading to decreased oxLDL uptake.ConclusionThis result indicates curcuminoids, despite structural similarities, exert different atheroprotective effects. Curcuminoids, especially CUR and DMC, are hormetic compounds, which induce Phase II enzyme expression and confer resistance to PMA‐ and oxLDL‐induced scavenger receptor expression and activity.
Factors Contributing to Adult Knowledge of Science and Technology
Authors: Falk John H. , Needham Mark D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHistorically, most efforts to improve public knowledge of science and technology have focused on improvements in K‐12 schooling, although post‐secondary education and informal education have also been mentioned as important factors. Currently, little empirical data exist to determine how or when to best leverage science and technology education energies and resources. This article examines a range of factors potentially contributing to adult knowledge of science and technology. Results from a telephone survey of 1,018 adult residents in greater Los Angeles, California (United States) showed that adult free‐choice learning experiences such as reading books and magazines about science and technology, using the internet, and watching science related documentaries and videos were the strongest predictors of self‐reported knowledge of science and technology. Privilege, especially higher income and being male, was also an important factor, as were workplace experiences and childhood experiences outside of school. Although formal schooling was a significant predictor of this knowledge, it explained less variance in knowledge than most other factors. This research provides initial data on which to base discussions about how best to support public education in science and technology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 431‐452, 2013
Acoustical comparison between decrescendo calls of female mallards and mimicry by humans using artificial duck calls
Authors: Callicutt James T. , Kaminski Richard M. , Shmulsky Rubin , Schummer Michael L. , Lestrade John P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFemale mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) emit a diverse repertoire of vocalizations. Duck hunters and callers mimic these vocalizations using artificial calls made from wood or plastic. The extent to which humans can mimic live mallards using artificial calls is unknown. We compared acoustic features of field recordings of the decrescendo calls of wild female mallards with those of duck callers. A panel of 38 duck callers used artificial calls equipped with single and double reeds that were made of 7 species of hardwoods and cast acrylic. We found that cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa), osage orange (Maclura pomifera), pecan (Carya sp.), acrylic, and bocote (Cordia alliodora) calls with double reeds produced notes acoustically most similar to female mallard decrescendos. We recommend that duck hunters and callers use calls made of acrylic or harder wood species, recognizing that double reed calls generally out‐performed single reed calls in this study. We recommend that similar studies be conducted for other types of game calls, and we recommend additional future research to determine whether use of such calls influences mallard harvest and hunter satisfaction. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Farber lipogranulomatosis with predominant joint involvement mimicking juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Kostik Mikhail M. , Chikova Irina A. , Avramenko Vladislav V. , Vasyakina Laly I. , Le Trionnaire Emmanuelle , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Levade Thierry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe case of a 10‐year‐old boy with Farber lipogranulomatosis with predominant joint involvement, subacute, laryngeal and tongue granulomas, microcytic anemia, elevated ESR and CRP, is presented. The boy had no signs of CNS and internal organ involvement. The disease manifested at 6 months; at 11 months the boy had widespread granulomatous polyarthritis with contractures, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was suggested. All antirheumatic therapies failed. Immunologic assessment revealed elevated serum interleukin‐1β, increased T‐helper, NK and CD25‐positive cells, and circulating immune complexes. Our case with predominant rheumatologic manifestations illustrates a differential diagnosis of JIA.