bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of late blight resistance in tomato conferred by Solanum pimpinellifolium accession PI 224710
Authors: Ohlson Erik W. , Foolad Majid R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLate blight (LB), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato and potato worldwide. Identifying and characterizing new sources of resistance is essential given the emergence of new aggressive and fungicide‐resistant P. infestans isolates. Recently, we reported identification of several new sources of LB resistance within the tomato wild species, Solanum pimpinellifolium. In this study, we examined heritability (h2) of LB resistance conferred by the S. pimpinellifolium accession PI 224710 using a parent–offspring regression (correlation) analysis. F2 and F3 progeny populations, derived from crosses between PI 224710 and a LB‐susceptible tomato breeding line, were evaluated for response to LB infection. To obtain a better estimate of h2, the F3 progeny were evaluated for LB resistance in two separate replicated experiments. The h2 estimates were similar in the two experiments and averaged ~0.87, suggesting that this resistance was highly heritable. Two different methods estimated involvement of one resistance locus. Breeding and mapping efforts are underway to further assess the viability of this newly reported LB resistance.
Psychosocial factors impacting on life transitions among young adults with type 2 diabetes: an Australian – Danish qualitative study
Authors: Rasmussen B. , Terkildsen Maindal H. , Livingston P. , Dunning T. , Lorentzen V. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevalence is increasing rapidly worldwide with a significant increase in young adults. There is limited information about psychosocial and service needs of this group.AimTo explore similarities and differences in how psychosocial factors impact on Australian and Danish young adults with T2DM and to identify unmet support needs during life transitions.MethodA qualitative approach was adopted using thematic content analysis of 26 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. An inductive descriptive content analysis was undertaken using a comparative coding system.FindingsEligible participants were from Australia (12) and Denmark (14), aged 19–42 years who had T2DM for more than 10 months. In general, they reported diabetes management was difficult during transitions and diabetes self‐care routines had to change to accommodate life changes. The underpinning sense of ‘uncertainty’ initiated by life transitions caused guilt that often resulted in low self‐worth, anxiety and depression, which in turn had a negative impact on social and professional relationships. The participants emphasised the importance of connectedness to social networks, particularly with T2DM peers, and the need for flexible access to health professionals, age‐specific tailored support and lower costs for Australians. Australian participants were more concerned than Danish participants about the cost associated with diabetes care and their ability to stay employed; hence, they were reluctant to disclose diabetes at work.ConclusionT2DM had a similar impact on life transitions of Australian and Danish young adults with T2DM, suggesting health care needs to encompass managing life transitions. Participants had to cope with uncertainty and the impact of people's responses to diabetes, particularly at work and in relationships. Health professionals are urged to integrate these factors in care plans and education, which must be individualised and focus on the psychosocial aspects that operate during life transitions.
CD56+ T cells are increased in kidney transplant patients following cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Almehmadi M. , Hammad A. , Heyworth S. , Moberly J. , Middleton D. , Hopkins M.J. , Hart I.J. , Christmas S.E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundCD56+ T cells previously have been identified as potentially cytotoxic lymphocytes, and relative numbers are increased in some infectious diseases.Patients and methodsRelative proportions of CD56+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry in groups of renal transplant patients differing in cytomegalovirus (CMV) status of donor (D) and recipient (R). These measurements were related to episodes of CMV viremia.ResultsPatient groups in which recipients (R+) or donors (D+/R−) were CMV+ had significantly higher proportions of CD56+ T cells (5.11 ± 0.69% and 5.42 ± 1.01%, respectively) than the D−/R− group (1.9 ± 0.35%; P = 0.0018 and 0.017, respectively). In the high‐risk D+/R− group, it was found that patients who had post‐transplant CMV viremia had higher levels than those who remained CMV negative (9.09 ± 2.34% vs. 3.16 ± 1.22%; P = 0.01). CD56+ T cells from R+ and D+/R− groups had higher proportions of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells than the D−/R− group. When activation markers were examined, some CD56+ T cells from both CMV+ groups had a TEM phenotype, with significantly more expressing CD45RO and NKG2C, and less expressing CD28, CD62L, CD127, and CD161 compared to the D−/R− group. Some CD56+ T cells showed specificity for CMV antigens and similar proportions of CD8+ cells were positive for class I HLA‐CMV tetramers containing immunodominant CMV peptides compared to the majority CD56− T cells.ConclusionThe results show significant increases in proportions of CD56+ T cells in relation to CMV infection in renal transplant patients and suggest that these cells have a cytotoxic function against CMV‐infected cells.
A new cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin for cutaneous wounds
Authors: Aoki Shigehisa , Takezawa Toshiaki , Ikeda Satoshi , Narisawa Yutaka , Oshikata‐Miyazaki Ayumi , Miyauchi Syohei , Hirayama Hiroshi , Sawaguchi Tomoya , Chimuro Tomoyuki , Toda Shuji 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTEngineered skin substitutes are widely used in skin wound management. However, no currently available products satisfy all the criteria of usability in emergency situations, easy handling, and minimal scar formation. To overcome these shortcomings, we designed a cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin, named “VitriBand” (VB), using adhesive film dressing, silicone‐coated polyethylene terephthalate film, and collagen xerogel membrane defined as a dried collagen vitrigel membrane without free water. We analyzed its advantages over in‐line products by comparing VB with hydrocolloid dressing and collagen sponge. For evaluation, mice inflicted with full‐thickness skin defects were treated with VB, hydrocolloid dressing, and collagen sponge. A plastic film group treated only with adhesive film dressing and silicone‐coated polyethylene terephthalate film, and a no treatment group were also compared. VB promoted epithelization while inhibiting the emergence of myofibroblasts and inflammation in the regenerating tissue more effectively than the plastic film, hydrocolloid dressing, and collagen sponge products. We have succeeded in establishing a cell‐free bandage‐type artificial skin that could serve as a promising first‐line medical biomaterial for emergency treatment of skin injuries in various medical situations.
Lifestyle Evolution in Cyanobacterial Symbionts of Sponges
Authors: Burgsdorf Ilia , Slaby Beate M. , Handley Kim M. , Haber Markus , Blom Jochen , Marshall Christopher W. , Gilbert Jack A. , Hentschel Ute , Steindler Laura 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The “
Candidatus
Synechococcus spongiarum” group includes different clades of cyanobacteria with high 16S rRNA sequence identity (~99%) and is the most abundant and widespread cyanobacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The first draft genome of a “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” group member was recently published, providing evidence of genome reduction by loss of genes involved in several nonessential functions. However, “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” includes a variety of clades that may differ widely in genomic repertoire and consequently in physiology and symbiotic function. Here, we present three additional draft genomes of “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum,” each from a different clade. By comparing all four symbiont genomes to those of free-living cyanobacteria, we revealed general adaptations to life inside sponges and specific adaptations of each phylotype. Symbiont genomes shared about half of their total number of coding genes. Common traits of “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” members were a high abundance of DNA modification and recombination genes and a reduction in genes involved in inorganic ion transport and metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, and signal transduction mechanisms. Moreover, these symbionts were characterized by a reduced number of antioxidant enzymes and low-weight peptides of photosystem II compared to their free-living relatives. Variability within the “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” group was mostly related to immune system features, potential for siderophore-mediated iron transport, and dependency on methionine from external sources. The common absence of genes involved in synthesis of residues, typical of the O antigen of free-living
Synechococcus
species, suggests a novel mechanism utilized by these symbionts to avoid sponge predation and phage attack.

IMPORTANCE
While the
Synechococcus
/
Prochlorococcus
-type cyanobacteria are widely distributed in the world's oceans, a subgroup has established its niche within marine sponge tissues. Recently, the first genome of sponge-associated cyanobacteria, “
Candidatus
Synechococcus spongiarum,” was described. The sequencing of three representatives of different clades within this cyanobacterial group has enabled us to investigate intraspecies diversity, as well as to give a more comprehensive understanding of the common symbiotic features that adapt “
Ca.
Synechococcus spongiarum” to its life within the sponge host.
Transitions in Parkinson's disease in primary care: protocol of a longitudinal mixed methods study
Authors: Plouvier Annette O A , Olde Hartman Tim C , van Weel Chris , Bloem Bastiaan R , Lagro-Janssen Antoine L M 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionParkinson's disease affects many aspects of the lives of patients and their relatives. Patients must adapt continuously to disabilities that necessitate changes in (medical) support, such as domestic adjustments, involvement of (non)professional caregivers or admission to hospital. Such changes mark a transition: a transfer of a patient between levels or locations of care. Transitions are likely to be multifold and complex, given that Parkinson's disease care extends across all echelons of healthcare. Patients and relatives are vulnerable during a transition, which imposes risks for their safety and quality of life. Guidance by the general practitioner, who knows the preferences of the patient, can help to overcome challenges associated with a transition. However, patient-centred primary care requires insight into the transitions patients with Parkinson's disease encounter. We aim to examine these transitions and the way patients, relatives and general practitioners experience them and cope with them. Moreover, we will study the patients’ expectations of their general practitioner during a transition and the general practitioners’ views on their role.Methods and analysisA longitudinal mixed methods study will be conducted, using qualitative research methods combined with quantitative data as a validated questionnaire on quality of life. Patients will be asked to make a video diary every 2 weeks for a period of 1 year. Once they encounter a transition, patients and their general practitioners will be interviewed to identify causes and consequences of the transition. The verbatim transcripts of the videos and interviews will be analysed according to the principles of constant comparative analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was not needed according to Dutch legislation. Informed consent of patients, relatives and general practitioners will be obtained. We will disseminate the results in peer-reviewed journals, at research conferences and on the website of the Dutch Parkinson's Disease Association.
Ibandronate to treat skeletal-related events and bone pain in metastatic bone disease or multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Geng Chun-Jing , Liang Qian , Zhong Jian-Hong , Zhu Min , Meng Fan-Ying , Wu Ning , Liang Rui , Yuan Bin-Yi 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) have given contradictory results about the efficacy and safety of ibandronate in treating metastatic bone disease (MBD) or multiple myeloma. This review meta-analysed the literature to gain a more comprehensive picture.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of ibandronate compared with placebo or zoledronate.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs published up to March 2015 evaluating ibandronate to treat MBD or multiple myeloma.Review method10 RCTs involving 3474 patients were included. Six RCTs were placebo-controlled and four compared ibandronate with zoledronate. The studies included in this review were mainly from European countries.ResultsIntravenous ibandronate (6 mg) or oral drug (50 mg) decreased the risk of skeletal-related events compared to placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.90, p=0.002). It also reduced the bone pain score below baseline significantly more than did placebo at 96 weeks (weighted mean difference −0.41, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.27, p<0.001). The incidence of diarrhoea, nausea and adverse renal events was similar between the ibandronate and placebo groups, but ibandronate was associated with greater risk of abdominal pain. Ibandronate was associated with similar risk of skeletal-related events as another bisphosphonate drug, zoledronate (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.26, p=0.87). The incidence of nausea, jaw osteonecrosis and fatigue was similar for the two drugs, but the incidence of adverse renal events was significantly lower in the ibandronate group.ConclusionsIbandronate significantly reduces the incidence of skeletal-related events and bone pain in patients with MBD or multiple myeloma relative to placebo. It is associated with a similar incidence of skeletal-related events as zoledronate.
Perinatal risk factors for premature ischaemic heart disease in a Swedish national cohort
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Crump Casey 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveSeveral studies have reported associations between restricted fetal development, as shown by birth weight or birth length, and later ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have examined the importance of these perinatal factors when taking into account gestational age at birth, hereditary factors, sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. This study investigated the importance of perinatal risk factors for premature IHD and myocardial infarction (MI) in a large Swedish cohort.Setting and participantsNational cohort study of 1 970 869 individuals who were live-born in Sweden in 1973 through 1992, and followed up to 2010 (ages 18–38 years).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome was IHD, and the secondary outcome was MI.ResultsA total of 668 individuals were diagnosed with IHD in 18.8 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD, low fetal growth was associated with increased risk of IHD (HR for <−2 vs −1 to <1 SD, 1.54; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.07; p=0.004) and increased risk of MI (HR for <−2 vs −1 to <1 SD, 2.48; 95% CI 1.66 to 3.71; p<0.001) in young adulthood. In contrast, gestational age at birth was not associated with the risk of IHD or MI.ConclusionsIn this large national cohort, low fetal growth was strongly associated with IHD and MI in young adulthood, independently of gestational age at birth, sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and family history of IHD.
Association between diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Louati Karine , Vidal Céline , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jérémie 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and prevalence of DM in patients with OA and whether OA and DM are associated.DesignA systematic literature review and meta-analysis. We included cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies assessing the number of patients with DM and/or OA. The mean prevalence of OA among patients with DM and DM among patients with OA was calculated. Data from trials assessing an association of diabetes and OA were pooled and results are presented as unadjusted OR and 95% CI.ResultsFrom the 299 publications, we included 49 studies in the analysis, including 28 cross-sectional studies, 11 cohort studies and 10 case–control studies. In all, 21, 5 and 23 articles involved patients with OA exclusively, patients with DM and the general population, respectively. For 5788 patients with DM, the mean OA prevalence was 29.5±1.2%. For 645 089 patients with OA, the prevalence of DM was 14.4±0.1%. The risk of OA was greater in the DM than non-DM population (OR=1.46 (1.08 to 1.96), p=0.01), as was DM in the OA than non-OA population (OR=1.41 (1.21 to 1.65), p<0.00 001). Among the 12 studies reporting an OR adjusted on at least the body mass index, 5 showed no association of DM and OA and 7 identified DM as an independent risk factor.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis highlights a high frequency of OA in patients with DM and an association between both diseases, representing a further step towards the individualisation of DM-related OA within a metabolic OA phenotype.
Multi-resource Fair Sharing for Multiclass Workflows
Authors: Tan Jian , Zhang Li , Li Min , Wang Yandong 
Published: June 2015

Multi-resource sharing for concurrent workows necessitates a fairness criteria to allocate multiple resources to work-flows with heterogeneous demands. Recently, this problem has attracted increasing attention and has been investigated by assuming that each workow has a single class of jobs and that each class contains jobs of the same demand profile. The demand profile of a class represents the required multi-resources of a job. However, for typical applications in cloud computing and distributed data processing systems, a workow usually needs to process multiple classes of jobs. Relying on the concept of slowdown, we characterize fairness for multi-resource sharing and address scheduling for multiclass workows. We optimize the mixture of different classes of jobs for a workow as optimal operation points to achieve the least slowdown, and discuss desirable properties for these operation points. These studies assume that the jobs are infinitely divisible.
When jobs are non-preemptive and indivisible, any fairness criteria that only relies on the instantaneous resource allocation cannot be strictly maintained at every time point. To this end, we relax the instantaneous fairness to an average metric within a time interval. This relaxation introduces a time average to fairness and allows occasional, but not too often, violations of instantaneous fairness. In addition, it brings exibility and opportunities for further optimization on resource utilization, e.g., using bin-packing, within the constraint on fairness.
Serum miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-125b Are Promising Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Yamada Atsushi , Horimatsu Takahiro , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Nishida Naoshi , Honjo Hajime , Ida Hiroshi , Kou Tadayuki , Kusaka Toshihiro , Sasaki Yu , Yagi Makato , Higurashi Takuma , Yukawa Norio , Amanuma Yusuke , Kikuchi Osamu , Muto Manabu , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Nakajima Atsushi , Chiba Tsutomu , Boland C. Richard , Goel Ajay 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are emerging as promising diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer, but their usefulness for detecting early colorectal neoplasms remains unclear. This study aimed to identify serum miRNA biomarkers for the identification of patients with early colorectal neoplasms.
Experimental Design: A cohort of 237 serum samples from 160 patients with early colorectal neoplasms (148 precancerous lesions and 12 cancers) and 77 healthy subjects was analyzed in a three-step approach that included a comprehensive literature review for published biomarkers, a screening phase, and a validation phase. RNA was extracted from sera, and levels of miRNAs were examined by real-time RT-PCR.
Results: Nine miRNAs (miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-24, miR-29a, miR-92, and miR-125b) were selected as candidate biomarkers for initial analysis. In the screening phase, serum levels of miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-125b were significantly higher in patients with early colorectal neoplasm than in healthy controls. Elevated levels of miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-125b were confirmed in the validation phase using an independent set of subjects. Area under the curve (AUC) values for serum miR-21, miR-29a, miR-125b, and their combined score in discriminating patients with early colorectal neoplasm from healthy controls were 0.706, 0.741, 0.806, and 0.827, respectively. Serum levels of miR-29a and miR-125b were significantly higher in patients who had only small colorectal neoplasms (≤5 mm) than in healthy subjects.
Conclusions: Because serum levels of miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-125b discriminated patients with early colorectal neoplasm from healthy controls, our data highlight the potential clinical use of these molecular signatures for noninvasive screening of patients with colorectal neoplasia. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4234–42. ©2015 AACR.
Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway Produces Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Hepatocytes That Contribute to Liver Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hikita Hayato , Kodama Takahiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Saito Yoshinobu , Nozaki Yasutoshi , Nakabori Tasuku , Shimizu Satoshi , Hayashi Yoshito , Li Wei , Shigekawa Minoru , Sakamori Ryotaro , Miyagi Takuya , Hiramatsu Naoki , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChronic hepatitis, including viral hepatitis and steatihepatitis, is a well-known high-risk condition for hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously reported that continuous hepatocyte apoptosis drives liver tumors in hepatocyte-specific Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 knockout mice. In this study, we further examine the underlying cellular mechanisms of generating tumors in apoptosis-prone liver. In cultured hepatocytes, the administration of ABT-737, a Bcl-xL/-2/-w inhibitor, led to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as activation of caspases. Mitochondria isolated from murine liver, upon administration of truncated-Bid, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, released cytochrome c and produced ROS, which was dependent on mitochondrial respiration. Hepatic apoptosis, regeneration, accumulation of oxidative damages, and tumorigenesis observed in hepatocyte-specific Mcl-1 knockout mice were substantially attenuated by further deficiency of Bax or Bid, suggesting that a balance of mitochondrial Bcl-2 family proteins governs generation of oxidative stress and other pathologies. Whole-exome sequencing clarified that C&gt;A/G&gt;T transversion, which is often caused by oxidative DNA damage in proliferating cells, was a frequently observed mutation pattern in liver tumors of Mcl-1 knockout mice. The administration of antioxidant L-N-acetylcysteine did not affect apoptosis, compensatory regeneration, or fibrotic responses but significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage and incidence and multiplicity of live tumors in Mcl-1 knockout mice. In conclusion, activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hepatocytes accumulates intracellular oxidative damages, leading to liver tumorigenesis, independently of liver regeneration or fibrosis. This study supports a concept that antioxidant therapy may be useful for suppressing liver carcinogenesis in patients with chronic liver disease. Cancer Prev Res; 8(8); 693–701. ©2015 AACR.