bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN CRYPTOCURRENCY SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT
Authors: Dewi Shinta , Rodiah Ita 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCryptocurrency has emerged as a significant phenomenon in the world of finance and technology. Along with its popularity, there have been debates and controversies regarding the use of cryptocurrency as a form of wealth and currency for zakat payment. Zakat in Islam os an obligation for every Muslim who financially capable, to give a portion of their wealth to those in need. However, the fluaction value of cryptocureency has sparked discussion on its feasibility for zakat payment. The objective of this paper is to explore the use of cryptocurrency as a means of zakat payment from the perspective of islamic law.Keywords : cryptocurrency, zakat, islamic law ABSTRAKCryptocurrency telah menjadi fenomena yang signifikan dalam dunia keuangan dan teknologi. Seiring dengan popularitasnya, muncul pro dan kontra terhadap penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai harta dan mata uang yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran zakat. Zakat dalam islam merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap muslim yang mampu memberikan sebagaian dari kekayaan kepada orang-orang yang membutuhkan. Namun, nilai cryptocurrrency yang fluaktif memicu perdebatan. Tujuan dalam makalah ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran dari sudut pandang hukum islam.Kata Kunci: cryptocurrency, zakat, hukum islam
Analisis Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Pangandaran
Authors: Ratna Suminar Desi 
Published: August 2024

Pelayanan pengelolaan sampah sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas lingkungan terutama di daerah kota wisata seperti Kabupaten Pangandaran. Terjadinya penumpukan sampah di lokasi wisata menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan terhadap pengunjung wisata. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Pangandaran untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pengelolaan sampah, tetapi penumpukan sampah kerap terjadi di daerah pantai, baik itu sampah dari pengunjung atau pun sampah kiriman dari sungai. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan Indeks Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah (IKPS) sebagai alat ukur untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kinerja pengelolaan sampah yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Pangandaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung dan menginterprestasikan Nilai IKPS. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan perhitungan nilai Indeks Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah. Hasil dari perhitungan nilai IKPS, Kabupaten Pangandaran memiliki nilai IKPS sebesar 43,18 dengan kategori Sangat Kurang, artinya kinerja pengelolaan sampah di Kabupaten Pangandaran belum maksimal dan masih perlu ditingkatkan.
In vitro and ex vivo comparison of reactive oxygen-releasing granules for internal tooth bleaching
Authors: Mayer Romy M. , Gubler Andrea , Attin Thomas , Zehnder Matthias 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionTraditionally, internal tooth bleaching was performed using sodium perborate slurries. These are banned in some areas for potential carcinogenic effects. More recently, highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide gels have been used, which may cause dentin degradation. Consequently, the search for ideal internal tooth bleaching agents is still on. This study compared pure ROS-releasing granules regarding their liberation of oxidizing species, pH induction, bleaching of blood-stained dentin, and effects on mechanical dentin properties.Materials and methodsThe ROS-releasing granules under investigation were sodium perborate, carbamide peroxide, and sodium percarbonate in aqueous suspension (4:3, wt/wt). The bleaching efficacy of these suspensions was compared in blood-stained human dentin (n = 6) ex vivo. In addition, effects on mechanical dentin integrity were tested using bovine dentin beams (n = 9) exposed to a 3-point bending test (ISO 4049) after immersion in test suspensions or control solutions (35% H2O2 and physiological saline) for 1 week.ResultsGranules release between 21.5% and 35.2% (wt/wt) of H2O2 equivalent. The sodium-containing granules (perborate and percarbonate) caused an alkaline pH of 10.3 and 10.6, respectively. The carbamide peroxide suspension was acidic (pH 3.9), as was the 35% H2O2 solution used as a control (pH 2.2). All the suspensions bleached the blood-stained dentin, albeit with a lesser overall effect by sodium percarbonate (one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD, p &lt; 0.05). The acidic preparations caused a severe (over 50%) reduction in flexural strength of the dentin (p &lt; 0.05 compared to physiological saline solution), while the alkaline counterparts did not.ConclusionsSodium perborate granules in aqueous suspension combined good de-staining properties with limited untoward effects on dentin integrity. Further studies are required to identify alternative compounds with a lesser general health concern.
Acute effects of exercise on macro- and microvasculature in individuals with type 1 diabetes – a secondary outcome analysis
Authors: Saloň Adam , Schmid-Zalaudek Karin , Steuber Bianca , Müller Alexander , Moser Othmar , Alnuaimi Suhaila , Fredriksen Per Morten , Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta , Goswami Nandu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with insulin-producing beta cell destruction, declining insulin secretion, and elevated blood glucose. Physical activity improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular health. This study explores acute effects of maximal exhaustion induced by a cardiopulmonary exercise on macro- and microvascular parameters in type 1 diabetes.MethodologyTwenty-five participants with type 1 diabetes (14 males, 11 females), aged 41.4 ± 11.87 years, BMI 23.7 ± 3.08, completed a repeated-measure study. Measurements pre-, post-, 30- and 60-minutes post-exhaustion involved a maximal incremental cardio-pulmonary exercise test. Macro- and microvascular parameters were assessed using VICORDER® and retinal blood vessel image analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS (Version 27.0) analysed data.ResultsPost-exercise, heart rate increased (p&lt;.001), and diastolic blood pressure decreased (p=.023). Diabetes duration correlated with pulse wave velocity (r=0.418, p=.047), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.470, p=.023), and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (r=0.492, p=.023).ConclusionIn type 1 diabetes, cardiopulmonary exercise-induced exhaustion elevates heart rate and reduces diastolic blood pressure. Future research should explore extended, rigorous physical activity protocols for greater cardiovascular risk reduction.
Enhancement of the stability and cytotoxicity of berberine by liposomal nanocarriers for gastric cancer treatment and its application in gummy candy
Authors: Abolhasanzadeh Narges , Dehghan Gholamreza , Abbaspour-Ravasjani Soheil 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionBerberine (BER), an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from the plant Berberis Vulgaris, is traditionally used to treat different types of disorders, such as cancer. However, its therapeutic application is limited due to poor solubility and low bioavailability. So, the main objective of the present work was to synthesize BER-loaded liposomes to enhance the solubility of BER. BER-loaded liposomes were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method.MethodsThe prepared liposomes were characterized for size, surface charge, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity. Then, the synthesized nano-liposomes were used to enrich gummy candies, and physicochemical properties such as water activity (aw), instrumental texture, and sensory perception of the products were tested.Results and DiscussionThe cell viability assay was performed on MKN-45P gastric cancer cell lines, and the results revealed that BER-loaded liposome had better cytotoxicity on MKN-45P cells than free BER. The IC50 values were calculated to be 66.72 µg/mL and 52.58 µg/mL for free BER and BER-loaded liposomes, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a significant anticancer effect of BER-loaded liposomes compared to free BER. These findings indicate that encapsulating BER preserves its antioxidant activity and enhances its bioavailability.
Exploring the gut microbiome and immunological landscape in kidney cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lv Shihui , Guo Qian , He Yuhan , Yu Zhixian , Zhan Xianjing , Li Hang , Pan Yue 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionKidney cancer (KC) is a significant health burden globally, with over 400,000 new cases estimated in 2020. The prognosis of KC is influenced by various factors, including tumor spread, pathological characteristics, and molecular genetic changes. Recent studies have emphasized the involvement of gut microbiota and the immune system’s contribution in the onset of KC. This extensive research endeavor sought to investigate the potential associations between diverse immune cell phenotypes, specific gut microbiota species, and their impact on the risk of developing KC, alongside the examination of circulating inflammatory proteins.MethodsAdhering to the STROBE-MR guidelines, our investigation involved a two-stage Mendelian randomization (2SMR) analysis grounded on three fundamental assumptions: relevance, independence, and exclusion restriction. The exposure data utilized in this study originated from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) specifically designed to explore immune traits, inflammatory proteins, and gut microbiota compositions.ResultsOur analysis identified 25 immune phenotypes, 4 circulating inflammatory proteins, and 12 gut microbiota features that exhibited significant causal associations with KC (P &lt; 0.05). 10 immune phenotypes were protective against KC, while 15 were risk factors. Among the inflammatory proteins, CCL28 and IL-2 were protective, whereas FGF-23 and β-NGF were risk factors. Gut microbiota features associated with reduced KC risk included biosynthetic pathways involving amino acids and specific bacterial genera, whereas others, like Butyrivibrio crossotus and Odoribacter splanchnicus, were risk factors.ConclusionImmune, inflammatory, and gut microbiota factors impact KC development. Identified factors hint at biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It is very important to understand the relationship between these factors and KC.
Evaluation of good review practices in member authorities of the East African Medicines Regulatory Harmonisation initiative: strategies for alignment with African medicines agency
Authors: Ngum Nancy , Ndomondo-Sigonda Margareth , Habonimana Rémy , Siyoi Fred , Irasabwa Clarisse , Ojukwu Julia , Apolinary Felchism , Okello Andrew , Ahmada Sabrina , Walker Stuart , Salek Sam 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe East African Community Medicines Regulatory Harmonisation (EAC-MRH) programme was established to address challenges faced by national regulatory authorities (NRAs) of the region. Work sharing through joint assessments and inspections was adopted to manage limited resources and capacity; however, NRA good review practices (GrevP) are also a key determinant to success. This study evaluated GReVP among the EAC-MRH NRAs and mapped required strategies for countries to align themselves with the African Medicines Agency (AMA).MethodsA validated questionnaire (Optimising Efficiency in Regulatory Agency—OpERA) that standardises and captures review processes was completed by the head of the medicines registration division in each NRA. A country report based on the completed questionnaire was developed for each NRA and validated by the heads of the respective authorities.ResultsThe population and size of the NRAs vary and four of the countries have semi-autonomous authorities and three NRAs are autonomous. The Burundi and South Sudan authorities were fully government funded, Kenya and Uganda entirely from fees, while Rwanda, Tanzania and Zanzibar were partially funded from different sources. All authorities except South Sudan, which does not receive or review applications had backlogs. Authority fees varied based on the different application categories. Key milestones for standardised regulatory processes are implemented in all authorities. Queue times range from a few weeks to about one year. Three NRAs use internal technical agency staff for scientific assessments and three use both internal and external experts. Clock stop time varies and target timelines for review committee range from one day to three months. All the NRAs implement some best practices on quality measures, transparency and communication. Some have activities for transparency improvement but with minimal attention to training and education. Most employ some quality decision-making practices.DiscussionGrevP in EAC-MRH NRAs still needs to be improved and it is imperative that these authorities streamline and harmonise their practices. Increasing human resources and an investment in training and education of staff will enable the implementation of all measures for GRevP. This is vital, as the effectiveness and efficiency of the AMA will depend on the strength of these NRAs.
Acute medications’ intake for migraine: a one-year report in patients undergoing first evaluation at a third level Italian headache center
Authors: Bonura Adriano , Alesina Alessandro , Sapio Elisabetta , Brunelli Nicoletta , Marcosano Marilena , Altamura Claudia , Vernieri Fabrizio 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundHeadache disorders, particularly primary headaches like migraine and tension-type headache, still remain underdiagnosed and undertreated despite their high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life. In recent years, several specific medications targeting key pathways in the pathophysiology of migraine have been developed. Despite this advancement, numerous studies indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics remain the most commonly used drugs. This study focused on the use of NSAIDs and simple analgesics as acute treatments for migraine among patients at a tertiary headache center.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico throughout 2022. Data were collected on the type and frequency of headaches, the usage and dosage of NSAIDs and other medications, and changes in their use at follow-up visits. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the efficacy and determinants of NSAID consumption and headache frequency changes.ResultsTwo hundred and eightythree patients diagnosed with migraine undergoing their first examination at our center were enrolled. Initially, 58.7% of patients used NSAIDs or simple analgesics, which decreased to 46.6% 3 months after, while triptan use increased from 65.1 to 72.8%. Changes in prophylactic therapies were significantly associated with a decrease in NSAID intake (W = 834.000, p = 0.004) and in headache frequency (W = 5960.5, p = 0.003). Specifically, the addition of topiramate or amitriptyline was associated with a reduction in NSAID use and headache frequency. Even pain freedom after the intake of NSAIDs improved from 55.2 to 79.4% of cases at follow-up.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of appropriate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies in the management of primary headaches. It underscores the need for specialized care to enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes, demonstrating that adjustments in prophylactic therapy can significantly reduce NSAID intake and improve headache care. This reinforces the role of tertiary headache centers in providing specialized care that can adapt treatments to individual patient needs and improve overall headache management.
A response time model of the three-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task provides stable, mechanistically interpretable individual-difference measures
Authors: Banavar Nidhi V. , Noh Sharon M. , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Cassidy Brittany S. , Kirwan C. Brock , Stark Craig E. L. , Bornstein Aaron M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a widely used measure of individual tendency to discern small differences between remembered and presently presented stimuli. Significant work has established this measure as a reliable index of neurological and cognitive dysfunction and decline. However, questions remain about the neural and psychological mechanisms that support performance in the task.MethodsHere, we provide new insights into these questions by fitting seven previously-collected MST datasets (total N = 519), adapting a three-choice evidence accumulation model (the Linear Ballistic Accumulator). The model decomposes choices into automatic and deliberative components.ResultsWe show that these decomposed processes both contribute to the standard measure of behavior in this task, as well as capturing individual variation in this measure across the lifespan. We also exploit a delayed test/re-test manipulation in one of the experiments to show that model parameters exhibit improved stability, relative to the standard metric, across a 1 week delay. Finally, we apply the model to a resting-state fMRI dataset, finding that only the deliberative component corresponds to off-task co-activation in networks associated with long-term, episodic memory.DiscussionTaken together, these findings establish a novel mechanistic decomposition of MST behavior and help to constrain theories about the cognitive processes that support performance in the task.
Impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on lipid levels in pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses: a retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Mu Fangxiang , Wang Weijing , Liu Lin , Hu Ning , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis research aims to investigate the impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the lipid levels of pregnant women who have experienced pregnancy losses.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data from pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses from two medical centers. Their lipid profiles were measured at least twice during pregnancy. According to the use of omega-3 soft gel capsules, participants were divided into the omega-3 group and the control group. We assessed the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and longitudinal lipid levels during pregnancy using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses to delineate the profile of beneficiaries who received omega-3 fatty acids based on body mass index (BMI), age, menstrual regularity, number of previous pregnancy losses, number of previous live births, and educational level.ResultsThe omega-3 group included 105 participants, while the control group comprised 274 participants. Women in the omega-3 group started supplementation between 3.43 and 17.14 weeks of gestation. According to GEE analysis, supplementing omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) levels during pregnancy (adjusted β = −0.300, 95% CI -0.445 to −0.154, p &lt; 0.001). No associations between omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were observed. Subgroup analyses revealed that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation was related to a reduction in TG levels among pregnant women with age of ≤35 years, a normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 1–2 previous pregnancy losses, no previous live births, or an educational level above high school.ConclusionSupplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may significantly reduce TG levels, yet it does not seem to improve TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C levels in pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses.
A CT-based diagnostic nomogram and survival analysis for differentiating grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Hu Miaomiao , Lv Lulu , Dong Hongfeng 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo construct a CT-based diagnostic nomogram for distinguishing grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3 PNETs) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) and assess their respective survival outcomes.MethodsPatients diagnosed with G3 PNETs (n = 30) and PDACs (n = 78) through surgery or biopsy from two medical centers were retrospectively identified. Demographic and radiological information, including age, gender, tumor diameter, shape, margin, dilatation of pancreatic duct, and invasive behavior, were carefully collected. A nomogram was established after univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The Kaplan–Meier survival was performed to analyze their survival outcomes.ResultsFactors with a p-value &lt;0.05, including age, CA 19-9, pancreatic duct dilatation, irregular shape, ill-defined margin, pancreatic atrophy, combined pancreatitis, arterial/portal enhancement ratio, were included in the multivariate logistic analysis. The independent predictive factors, including age (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.98), pancreatic duct dilatation (OR, 0.064; 95% CI, 0.01–0.32), and portal enhancement ratio (OR, 1,178.08; 95% CI, 5.96–232,681.2) were determined to develop a nomogram. The internal calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrate that the nomogram exhibits good consistency and discriminative capacity in distinguishing G3 PNETs from PDACs. Patients diagnosed with G3 PNETs exhibited considerably better overall survival outcomes compared to those diagnosed with PDACs (median survival months, 42 vs. 9 months, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe nomogram model based on age, pancreatic duct dilatation, and portal enhancement ratio demonstrates good accuracy and discriminative ability effectively predicting the probability of G3 PNETs from PDACs. Furthermore, patients with G3 PNETs exhibit better prognosis than PDACs.
Path analysis of influencing factors for anxiety and depression among first-trimester pregnant women
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Lin Leshi , Teng Sheng , Yang Yi , Li Li , Peng Fang , Peng Dongmei , Gao Xiao , Huang Guojun 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPrenatal anxiety and depression exert a significant influence on the physiological and psychological health outcomes of both expectant mothers and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the intrinsic relationships between maternal anxiety, depression in early pregnancy, and their influencing factors. The findings of this study provide scientific basis for developing targeted preventive interventions.MethodsThe study involved 887 expectant mothers in the early stages of pregnancy residing in Changsha City from March to August 2022. The sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and pregnancy-related factors of participants were collected. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models using SPSS 26.0 were used to assess factors impacting early pregnancy anxiety and depression. Amos 23.0 was used to construct a path model to determine the potential pathways of the influencing factors.ResultsIn early pregnancy, the prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Path analysis showed that early pregnancy anxiety and illness during pregnancy had a direct effect on early pregnancy depression. Anxiety had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy depression. Education, maternal comorbidities, symptoms of pregnancy, electronic device usage time, work stress, active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, and sleep quality were found to solely exert indirect effects on early pregnancy depression. Sleep quality had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, sleep quality, and work stress only had a direct impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Additionally, electronic device usage duration and monthly per capita household income exclusively indirectly impacted symptoms of early pregnancy anxiety.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of targeted interventions in early screening. Avoiding excessive use of electronic devices and active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, alleviating work stress and symptoms of pregnancy, increasing education levels and monthly per capita household income, improving sleep quality, and actively preventing illnesses during pregnancy and maternal comorbidities might reduce anxiety and depression in early pregnancy.