bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome and complications after intra-arterial thrombolysis for lower limb ischaemia with or without continuous heparin infusion
Authors: Grip O , Kuoppala M , Acosta S , Wanhainen A , Åkeson J , Björck M 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Thrombolysis is a common treatment for acute leg ischaemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different thrombolytic treatment strategies, and risk factors for complications.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of prospective databases from two vascular centres. One centre used a higher dose of heparin and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).

Results
Some 749 procedures in 644 patients of median age 73 years were studied; 353 (47·1 per cent) of the procedures were done in women. The aetiology of ischaemia was graft occlusion in 38·8 per cent, acute arterial thrombosis in 32·2 per cent, embolus in 22·3 per cent and popliteal aneurysm in 6·7 per cent. Concomitant heparin infusion was used in 63·2 per cent. The mean dose of rtPA administered was 21·0 mg, with a mean duration of 25·2 h. Technical success was achieved in 80·2 per cent. Major amputation and death within 30 days occurred in 13·1 and 4·4 per cent respectively. Bleeding complications occurred in 227 treatments (30·3 per cent). Blood transfusion was needed in 104 (13·9 per cent). Three patients (0·4 per cent of procedures) had intracranial bleeding; all were fatal. Amputation-free survival was 83·6 per cent at 30 days at both centres. In multivariable analysis, preoperative severe ischaemia with motor deficit was the only independent risk factor for major bleeding (odds ratio (OR) 2·98; P &lt;0·001). Independent risk factors for fasciotomy were severe ischaemia (OR 2·94) and centre (OR 6·50). Embolic occlusion was protective for major amputation at less than 30 days (OR 0·30; P = 0·003). Independent risk factors for death within 30 days were cerebrovascular disease (OR 3·82) and renal insufficiency (OR 3·86).

Conclusion
Both treatment strategies were successful in achieving revascularization with acceptable complication rates. Continuous heparin infusion during intra-arterial thrombolysis appeared to offer no advantage.
Experimental Study and Modeling of Essential Oil Extraction from Plants by Hydrodistillation
Authors: Ammar Ahlem Haj , Meniai Abdeslam‐Hassen , Zagrouba Fethi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydrodistillation of essential oils from leaves of myrtle, rosemary, and sour orange was experimentally studied and the extraction process was modeled. A mass balance was carried out over an assumed flat leave particle and the use of Fick's second law of diffusion led to the mass transfer equation. Its resolution required adequate boundary and initial conditions. The model considered the effect of the main processing parameters on the overall essential oil extraction efficiency as well as the determination of the optimum conditions. To assess the reliability of the model, yield curves for all studied conditions and variation of the oil composition with time were compared with the experimentally obtained results for each plant leave. The agreement seems to be reasonable, although some refining of the model is necessary by taking into account both the diffusion and reaction contributions.
Corrosion‐Resistant Parallel Fixed‐Bed Reactors for High‐Throughput Screening of New Deacon Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Valtchev Martin , Hammes Markus , Richter Rudolf , Höltzen Heike , Stöwe Klaus , Maier Wilhelm F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo ten‐channel fixed‐bed reactor systems were developed for high‐throughput screening of new Deacon catalysts. The sequential ten‐channel reactor allows the determination of the activity of up to ten catalysts per day. With a ten‐channel ageing reactor the long‐time stability of catalytic activity can be tested in parallel. Both systems are robust, quite resistant against corrosion, and use the identical reaction tubes which enable the direct transfer of a catalyst from one to the other system. A mass‐spectrometric pulse method has been developed and applied successfully for the analysis of the corrosive product gas mixture of the Deacon reaction.
Synthesis and Photophysics of a Red‐Light Absorbing Supramolecular Chromophore System
Authors: Rombouts Jeroen A. , Ravensbergen Janneke , Frese Raoul N. , Kennis John T. M. , Ehlers Andreas W. , Slootweg J. Chris , Ruijter Eelco , Lammertsma Koop , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn search of supramolecular antenna systems for light‐harvesting applications, we report on a short and effective synthesis of a fused NDI–zinc–salphen‐based chromophore (salphen = bis‐salicylimide phenylene) and its photophysical properties. A supramolecular recognition motif is embedded into the chromophoric π‐system of this compound. The fused π‐chromophore behaves as one pigment, absorbs light between 600 and 750 nm and displays a modest Stokes shift. Upon binding pyridines, the compound (DATZnS) does not change its redox potentials, does not undergo any internal excited state quenching and does not appreciably alter its excited state lifetime. These notable properties define DATZnS as an alternative to porphyrin‐based components used in supramolecular light‐harvesting architectures.
Coverage‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Metalation and Dehydrogenation of Tetraphenylporphyrin on Cu(111)
Authors: Röckert Michael , Franke Matthias , Tariq Quratulain , Ditze Stefanie , Stark Michael , Uffinger Patrick , Wechsler Daniel , Singh Upendra , Xiao Jie , Marbach Hubertus , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Lytken Ole 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing temperature‐programmed desorption, supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, a comprehensive overview of the main reactions of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (2HTPP) on Cu(111) as a function of coverage and temperature is obtained. Three reactions were identified: metalation with Cu substrate atoms, stepwise partial dehydrogenation, and finally complete dehydrogenation. At low coverage the reactions are independent of coverage, but at higher coverage metalation becomes faster and partial dehydrogenation slower. This behavior is explained by a weaker interaction between the iminic nitrogen atoms and the Cu(111) surface in the high‐coverage checkerboard structure, leading to faster metalation, and the stabilizing effect of T‐type interactions in the CuTPP islands formed at high coverage after metalation, leading to slower dehydrogenation. Based on the amount of hydrogen released and the appearance in STM, a structure of the partially dehydrogenated molecule is suggested.
Forming MOFs into Spheres by Use of Molecular Gastronomy Methods
Authors: Spjelkavik Aud I. , Aarti  , Divekar Swapnil , Didriksen Terje , Blom Richard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel method utilizing hydrocolloids to prepare nicely shaped spheres of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed. Microcrystalline CPO‐27‐Ni particles are dispersed in either alginate or chitosan solutions, which are added dropwise to solutions containing, respectively, either divalent group 2 cations or base that act as gelling agents. Well‐shaped spheres are immediately formed, which can be dried into spheres containing mainly MOF (>95 wt %). The spheronizing procedures have been optimized with respect to maximum specific surface area, shape, and particle density of the final sphere. At optimal conditions, well‐shaped 2.5–3.5 mm diameter CPO‐27‐Ni spheres with weight‐specific surface areas <10 % lower than the nonformulated CPO‐27‐Ni precursor, and having sphere densities in the range 0.8 to 0.9 g cm−3 and particle crushing strengths above 20 N, can be obtained. The spheres are well suited for use in fixed‐bed catalytic or adsorption processes.
Unsymmetrical Pincer‐Type Ruthenium Complex Containing β‐Protic Pyrazole and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Arms: Comparison of Brønsted Acidity of NH Groups in Second Coordination Sphere
Authors: Toda Tatsuro , Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA reaction of a 2‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl‐6‐(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] resulted in tautomerization of the imidazole unit to afford the unsymmetrical pincer‐type ruthenium complex 2 containing a protic pyrazole and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) arms. Deprotonation of 2 with one equivalent of a base led to the formation of the NHC–pyrazolato complex 3, indicating that the protic NHC arm is less acidic. When 2 was treated with two equivalents of a base under H2 or in 2‐propanol, the hydrido complex 4 containing protic NHC and pyrazolato groups was obtained through metal–ligand cooperation.
Analysis of Seismic Anisotropy of the Typical Slate from the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Bin‐Bin GUO , Hong‐Cai WANG , Wei‐Hua ZHAO , Shao‐Cheng JI , Dong‐Sheng SUN , A‐Wei LI , Chang‐Xing LONG 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSlate, as one of the low‐degree metamorphic rocks, is widely distributed in China. Research on the seismic velocity of slate can help distinguish this kind of transitional rocks as well as understand anisotropy of the upper crust. This paper presents laboratory research on the seismic velocity of slate samples collected from the Bingzhongluo district of Yunnan Province, and part of the experiment was conducted at the Dalhousie High Pressure Laboratory, Canada. The laboratory testing yielded the seismic velocities in different structural directions as a function of pressures. The seismic velocities in the three directions (X,Y and Z) are 6.58, 6.46 and 5.91 km/s at the confining pressure of 600 MPa, respectively, with an average velocity of 6.30 km/s. S wave has an average velocity of 3.62 mm/s and a Vp/Vs ratio of 1.74. The preliminary analysis shows the changing law of seismic velocities and shear wave splitting of slate, revealing that the seismic anisotropy of slate decreases significantly with pressurization at low confining pressures (<150 MPa). This is primarily attributed to the orientation alignment of microcracks within slate. With progressive increase of confining pressure (>150 MPa), all the microcracks are largely closed. Thus, the orientation alignment of flaky minerals such as biotite and actinolite is a leading factor for seismic anisotropy. With the pressure up to 600 MPa, the anisotropy of Vp and Vs stabilizes at 13% and 16%. Therefore, laboratory data and seismic property of the slate documented in this paper will provide basis for determination of preferential orientations of microcracks in the upper crust, anisotropy analysis in the shallow crust, and geophysical model constraints.
Crustal Thickness and Vp/Vs in the Northeast China‐North China Region and Its Geological Implication
Authors: Yan‐Guang GAO , Yong‐Hua LI 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present a crustal thickness and Vp/Vs map of Northeast and North China based on a compilation of receiver function H‐k analysis published in the literature. Our compilation shows that the crust in the area has an average thickness of 35.9±5 km. The thinnest crust is found in the eastern and southern flank of the Songliao Basin (28∼35 km), North China plain and Songliao Basin (30∼35 km), while the thickest crust is found in the Yanshan‐Taihang orogon and Ordos basin (40∼55 km). The average crustal Vp/Vs ratio is about 1.76±0.05 for the North China and Northeast China region, which maybe related with the lithospheric thinning in the eastern China. The highest Vp/Vs (> 1.83) are found in the Shanxi garben, Changbai Volocno and Zhangjiakou‐Datong, indicating high ambient crustal temperatures or wide‐spread intra‐crustal melting. The existence of anticorrelation between Vp/Vs and the crustal thickness for Da Hinggan Ling area maybe related with tectonic thicken of felsic crust. No clear correlation is observed between the crustal thickness and Vp/Vs for Songliao basin and adjacent area, implying that complex tectonic evolution process took place in Songliao basin.
Fault Slip Rates and Seismic Moment Deficits on Major Active Faults in Middle and South Parts of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu‐Hang LI , Ming HAO , Ling‐Yun JI , Shan‐Lan QIN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs the pathway for southeastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau, the middle and south parts of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau are characterized by widespread active faults, and intensive and frequent seismic activity. In this paper, we use the spherical linear block theory constrained by geodetic observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) stations to estimate fault slip rates of active faults in this area. A 3D geometric block model is established based on previous relevant studies of active blocks. Using these received slip rates and optimal locking depths of faults, the rates of moment accumulation on the major faults are estimated. And then we compare them with the seismic moment released on each fault using the historical earthquake catalog. The results show that there are six faults or fault segments with large moment deficits in the research area, which would be helpful for research of middle‐long term earthquake hazard.
Authors' reply
Authors: O'Reilly Kirk T. , Pietari Jaana , Boehm Paul D. 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Dr. Crane raises a number of interesting points, but these serve to support not distract from, the conclusions of our paper. Without independent verification that the source inputs used are appropriate and sufficient, the results of EPA's Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB) cannot be used to verify the contribution of a given source. Neither Van Metre and Mahler's (2010) nor Crane's (2014) use of CMB demonstrates whether refined tar sealers are actually a source in any urban sediment. When using the results of receptor models to promote source control policy, care must be taken to clarify the underlying assumptions and uncertainty.
EVALUATION OF AQUACROP MODEL IN PREDICTING WHEAT YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY UNDER IRRIGATED SALINE REGIMES
Authors: Kumar P. , Sarangi A. , Singh D.K. , Parihar S.S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCrop models assist in generating crop productivity trends under future climate and different irrigation water supply scenarios. In this study, the AquaCrop model with a salinity module to simulate the grain yield and water productivity of four wheat varieties, including three salt‐ tolerant (i.e. KRL‐19, KRL‐1‐4, KRL‐210) and one salt non‐tolerant variety (i.e. HD‐2894) grown under different salinity levels was evaluated. The experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Water Technology Centre (WTC), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, during rabi 2009–10 and 2010–11. The model was calibrated using experiment data of rabi 2009–10 and validated with data of rabi 2010–11. Saline water of 4, 8 and 12 dS m−1 and groundwater (i.e. 1.5 dS m−1 during rabi 2009–10 and 1.7 dS m−1 during rabi 2010–11) were used for irrigation. The validated model prediction error statistics, i.e. model efficiency (ME), index of agreement (d) and coefficient of determination (R2) for grain yield, were 0.85, 0.96, 0.94 and for biomass 0.7, 0.95, 0.95, respectively, for all varieties and salinity levels. It was observed that the AquaCrop model was better at predicting the grain yield compared to biomass and water productivity for all varieties and salinity levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHANGE DETECTION OF ORDERS IN STOCK MARKETS USING A GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL
Authors: Miyazaki Bungo , Izumi Kiyoshi , Toriumi Fujio , Takahashi Ryo 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYWe propose a method for detecting changes in the order balance in stock markets by applying a stochastic model to the feature vectors extracted from the order‐book data of stocks. First, the data are divided into training and test periods. Next, a Gaussian mixture model is estimated from the feature vectors extracted from the order‐book data in the training period. Finally, the goodness of fit of the feature vectors in the test period over this model is calculated. Using the proposed method, we found that the order balances of stocks for which insider trading was reported were unusual. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Reported effects on the circadian production of melatonin
Authors: Reiter Russel J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe circadian rhythm of melatonin production (high melatonin levels at night and low during the day) in the mammalian pineal gland is modified by visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., light, and reportedly by extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields as well as by static magnetic field exposure. Both light and non‐visible electromagnetic field exposure at night depress the conversion of serotonin (5HT) to melatonin within the pineal gland. Several reports over the last decade showed that the chronic exposure of rats to a 60 Hz electric field, over a range of field strengths, severely attenuated the nighttime rise in pineal melatonin production; however, more recent studies have not confirmed this initial observation. Sinusoidal magnetic field exposure also has been shown to interfere with the nocturnal melatonin forming ability of the pineal gland although the number of studies using these field exposures is small. On the other hand, static magnetic fields have been repeatedly shown to perturb the circadian melatonin rhythm. The field strengths in these studies were almost always in the geomagnetic range (0.2 to 0.7 Gauss or 20 to 70 μtesla) and most often the experimental animals were subjected either to a partial rotation or to a total inversion of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field. These experiments showed that several parameters in the indole cascade in the pineal gland are modified by these field exposures; thus, pineal cyclic AMP levels, N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity (the rate limiting enzyme in pineal melatonin production), hydroxyindole‐O‐methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity (the melatonin forming enzyme), and pineal and blood melatonin concentrations were depressed in various studies. Likewise, increases in pineal levels of 5HT and 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) were also seen in these glands; these increases are consistent with a depressed melatonin synthesis. The mechanisms whereby non‐visible electromagnetic fields influence the melatonin forming ability of the pineal gland remain unknown; however, the retinas in particular have been theorized to serve as magnetoreceptors with the altered melatonin cycle being a consequence of a disturbance in the neural biological clock, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which generates the circadian melatonin rhythm. The disturbances in pineal melatonin production induced by either light exposure or non‐visible electromagnetic field exposure at night appear to be the same but whether the underlying mechanisms are similar remains unknown.
Electromagnetic fields and cells
Authors: Goodman Reba , Chizmadzhev Yuri , Shirley‐Henderson Ann 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is strong public interest in the possibility of health effects associated with exposure to extremely low frequency (elf) electromagnetic (EM) fields. Epidemiological studies suggest a probable, but controversial, link between exposure to elf EM fields and increased incidence of some cancers in both children and adults. There are hundreds of scientific studies that have tested the effects of elf EM fields on cells and whole animals. A growing number of reports show that exposure to elf EM fields can produce a large array of effects on cells. Of interest is an increase in specific transcripts in cultured cells exposed to EM fields. The interaction mechanism with cells, however, remains elusive. Evidence is presented for a model based on cell surface interactions with EM fields.
Homotypic leukocyte aggregation triggered by a monoclonal antibody specific for a novel epitope expressed by the integrin β1 subunit: Conversion of nonresponsive cells by transfecting human integrin α4 subunit cDNA
Authors: Bednarczyk John L. , Wygant James N. , Szabo Margit C. , Molinari‐Storey Laura , Renz Mark , Fong Sherman , McIntyre Bradley W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody 33B6 was found to be specific for the β1 integrin subunit. Treatment of leukocytes with this antibody induced a vigorous homotypic aggregation that had similar physiologic conditions as aggregation induced by a monoclonal antibody specific for the α4 subunit. Expression of a β1 subunit on the cell surface was not sufficient for mAb 33B6‐mediated aggregation to occur, since cells of the K562 erythroleukemia line failed to respond even though they expressed the β1 subunit and the 33B6 epitope. However, after transfection with cDNA encoding the α4 subunit, K562 cells acquired the ability to aggregate in response to mAb 33B6 binding. By contrast, mAb 33B6 blocked cell binding to the endothelial surface protein vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. These results suggest that the β1 epitope defined by mAb 33B6 may play a novel role in regulating leukocyte adhesive interactions.
Isolation and characterization of deteriosomes from rat liver
Authors: Yao Kening , Wu Xiumei , Thompson John E. , Carlson John C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDeteriosomes, a new class of microvesicles, have been isolated from rat liver tissue. These microvesicles are similar to those isolated previously from plant tissue [Yao et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2269–2273, 1991] in that they are nonsedimentable and enriched in membrane catabolites, particularly products of phospholipid degradation. Liver deteriosomes range in size from 0.05 μm to 0.11 μm in radius. They are also much more permeable than microsomal membrane vesicles indicating that the deteriosome bilayer is perturbed. The data are consistent with the proposal that deteriosomes are formed from membranes by microvesiculation and that they represent an intermediate stage of membrane deterioration. Furthermore, liver deteriosomes were found to contain phospholipase A2 activity. This suggests that they not only serve as a means of moving destabilizing macromolecular catabolites out of membranes into the cytosol but also possess enzymatic activity. The fact that the specific activity of phospholipase A2 is higher in deteriosomes than in deteriosome‐free cytosol suggests that some of the enzymatic activity traditionally assumed to be cytosolic may in fact be associated with deteriosomes.
Sonographic diagnosis of intestinal anisakiasis presenting as small bowel obstruction
Authors: Ogata Masaaki , Tamura Shuji , Matsunoya Michiko 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of intestinal anisakiasis presenting as small bowel obstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, US examinations, and CT scans of seven patients with intestinal anisakiasis presenting as small bowel obstruction. We compared the performances of US and CT in demonstrating peritoneal fluid, small bowel dilatation, and segmental edema of Kerckring's folds.ResultsAll patients presented with a history of ingesting raw saltwater fish or squid less than 2 days prior to presentation at the emergency department and had significant levels of Anisakis‐specific IgE. Both US and CT revealed small bowel obstruction, with dilated small bowel in all patients and accumulations of free peritoneal fluid in six patients. CT showed segmental wall thickening and luminal narrowing with submucosal edema distal to the distended small bowel; US did so in four patients.ConclusionsAlthough US was inferior to CT in demonstrating the segmental intestinal edema causing small bowel obstruction, it can be applied in suspected cases of intestinal anisakiasis presenting as small bowel obstruction, particularly where CT is unavailable or there are concerns about radiation exposure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:283–287, 2015