bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talofibular Bony Impingement in the Ankle
Authors: Ahn Ji-Yong , Choi Hong-Joon , Lee Woo-Chun 
Published: May 2015

Background: Talofibular bony impingement has not previously been reported, since it is difficult to detect on plain radiograph, similar to the spur on the anterior border of the medial malleolus and anterior portion of the medial talar facet. We hypothesized that talofibular bony impingement can cause limited dorsiflexion of the ankle. The aim of this study was to evaluate talofibular bony impingement as a distinct form of impingement that limits dorsiflexion of the ankle. Methods: This study included 20 consecutive patients (21 ankles) with talofibular impingement and 19 consecutive patients (19 ankles) with lateral ankle instability without talofibular impingement. Presence or absence of talofibular impingement was confirmed under direct intraoperative visualization. Dorsiflexion before and after excision of the impinging spurs was measured. Findings on plain radiographs and computed tomography were compared between the groups. Pre- and postoperative clinical assessments were done with Foot Function Index, visual analog scale for pain, and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score at a mean follow-up of 1.4 years. Results: After removal of the bony impingement, the range of dorsiflexion increased by a mean 7.9 degrees (range, 2.5 to 11.0 degrees) in the impingement group. The mean distance between the fibula and lateral process of the talus on weight- bearing anteroposterior radiograph of the ankle was 1.2 mm (range, 0 to 4.5) in the impingement group and 3.2 mm (range, 1 to 4.5) in the control group. On axial computed tomography image, bony protrusion of the lateral process of the talus was frequently present in the impingement group, and the mean amount of protrusion was more than that of the control group. Clinical findings improved overall. Conclusions: Talofibular impingement was a cause of limited dorsiflexion, and the diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Provision of Police Leadership Development Opportunities, Bramshill: Problem, Solution and a Critical Engagement
Authors: Adlam Robert 
Published: May 2015

This paper notes the current interest in the question of police leadership effectiveness. It restates the complex role that Bramshill plays in relation to the development of police leaders and the leadership of police organisations. It indicates the core function of the National Police Leadership Faculty situated at National Police Training, Bramshill, and suggests that a sufficient body of knowledge has accumulated showing that police leadership is a distinct and difficult practice. It raises the possibility that the current provision of police leadership development is inadequate, and presents a comprehensive ‘set of moves' that could be adopted if a programme of police leadership development were to be, at least, comprehensive. The paper then moves on to raise a series of questions that are designed to challenge the assumption that better ‘leadership’ is the solution to the problem of police effectiveness. In this latter part of the paper a discussion is developed in relation to the apparent continuation of ‘heroic’ images of leadership. In addition, the paper considers the psychological effects of power wielding — as they are described in Weber's (1967) essay ‘Politics as a vocation’ — and argues that the current content of the police leadership development curriculum is superficial and inadequate because it fails to include this type of analysis in its courses and programmes of study.
Effects of a DVD-delivered exercise intervention on physical function in older adults with multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: McAuley Edward , Wójcicki Thomas R , Learmonth Yvonne Charlotte , Roberts Sarah A , Hubbard Elizabeth Anne , Kinnett-Hopkins Dominique , Fanning Jason , Motl Robert W 
Published: May 2015

Background Older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit disease-related impairments such as compromised strength, balance, mobility, coordination, and quality of life (QOL). Exercise training as an intervention to reverse these conditions in older adults with MS is limited. Objective The objective of this pilot trial was to examine the effects of a DVD exercise intervention targeting flexibility, strength, and balance in older adults with MS in order to generate effect sizes to power a larger trial. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to a six-month DVD exercise intervention ( n = 24) or a healthy aging DVD control condition ( n = 24). Measures of physical function, physical activity, sedentary behavior, QOL and program satisfaction were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Results The DVD exercise intervention was well received with no adverse events. Effects sizes ranged from small to modest reflecting improved function, increased physical activity, decreased sitting time, and improved QOL in the intervention condition compared to the control condition. Conclusion This pilot randomized controlled trial suggests that older adults with MS are receptive to an exercise program via DVD, and the program results in modest but potentially important improvements in function and physical activity.
A balance between TFPI and thrombin-mediated platelet activation is required for murine embryonic development
Authors: Ellery Paul E. R. , Maroney Susan A. , Cooley Brian C. , Luyendyk James P. , Zogg Mark , Weiler Hartmut , Mast Alan E. 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
Modulation of thrombin-dependent platelet activation by TFPI is required for successful embryonic development. TFPI dampens intravascular thrombin generation even in the absence of thrombin-mediated platelet activation.
Advanced light-trapping effect of thin-film solar cell with dual photonic crystals
Authors: Zhang Anjun , Guo Zhongyi , Tao Yifei , Wang Wei , Mao Xiaoqin , Fan Guanghua , Zhou Keya , Qu Shiliang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A thin-film solar cell with dual photonic crystals has been proposed, which shows an advanced light-trapping effect and superior performance in ultimate conversion efficiency (UCE). The shapes of nanocones have been optimized and discussed in detail by self-definition. The optimized shape of nanocone arrays (NCs) is a parabolic shape with a nearly linearly graded refractive index (GRI) profile from the air to Si, and the corresponding UCE is 30.3% for the NCs with a period of 300 nm and a thickness of only 2 μm. The top NCs and bottom NCs of the thin film have been simulated respectively to investigate their optimized shapes, and their separate contributions to the light harvest have also been discussed fully. The height of the top NCs and bottom NCs will also influence the performances of the thin-film solar cell greatly, and the result indicates that the unconformal NCs have better light-trapping ability with an optimal UCE of 32.3% than the conformal NCs with an optimal UCE of 30.3%.
HaploShare: identification of extended haplotypes shared by cases and evaluation against controls
Authors: Ying Dingge , Sham Pak Chung , Smith David Keith , Zhang Lu , Lau Yu Lung , Yang Wanling 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent founder mutations may play important roles in complex diseases and Mendelian disorders. Detecting shared haplotypes that are identical by descent (IBD) could facilitate discovery of these mutations. Several programs address this, but are usually limited to detecting pair-wise shared haplotypes and not providing a comparison of cases and controls. We present a novel algorithm and software package, HaploShare, which detects extended haplotypes that are shared by multiple individuals, and allows comparisons between cases and controls. Testing on simulated and real cases demonstrated significant improvements in detection power and reduction of false positive rate by HaploShare relative to other programs.
Activation of Notch1 signalling promotes multi-lineage differentiation of c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS bone marrow stem cells: implication in stem cell translational medicine
Authors: Ding Ranran , Jiang Xiaofan , Ha Yanping , Wang Zhenliang , Guo Junli , Jiang Hanguo , Zheng Shaojiang , Shen Zhihua , Jie Wei 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can repair injured hearts. However, whether BMSC populations contain cells with cardiac stem cell characteristics is ill-defined. We report here that Notch signalling can promote differentiation of c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells.

Methods
Total BMSCs were isolated from Sprague–Dawley rat femurs and c-KitPOS cells were purified. c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS cells were isolated by single-cell cloning, and the presence of cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle cell (SMC), and endothelial cell differentiation markers assessed by immunofluorescence staining and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Levels of c-Kit and Notch1–4 in total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs were quantitated by flow cytometry. Following infection with an adenovirus over-expressing Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS cells were assessed for differentiation to cardiomyocyte, SMC, and endothelial cell lineages by immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS cells were treated with the Notch1 ligand Jagged1 and markers of cardiomyocyte, SMC, and endothelial cell differentiation were examined by immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis.

Results
c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS cells were present among total BMSC populations, and these cells did not express markers of adult cardiomyocyte, SMC, or endothelial cell lineages. c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs exhibited a multi-lineage differentiation potential similar to total BMSCs. Following sorting, the c-Kit level in c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs was 84.4%. Flow cytometry revealed that Notch1 was the predominant Notch receptor present in total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs. Total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs overexpressing NICD had active Notch1 signalling accompanied by differentiation into cardiomyocyte, SMC, and endothelial cell lineages. Treatment of total BMSCs and c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs with exogenous Jagged1 activated Notch1 signalling and drove multi-lineage differentiation, with a tendency towards cardiac lineage differentiation in c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs.

Conclusions
c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS cells exist in total BMSC pools. Activation of Notch1 signalling contributed to multi-lineage differentiation of c-KitPOS/NKX2.5POS BMSCs, favouring differentiation into cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that modulation of Notch1 signalling may have potential utility in stem cell translational medicine.
Investigation into the annotation of protocol sequencing steps in the sequence read archive
Authors: Alnasir Jamie , Shanahan Hugh P 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
The workflow for the production of high-throughput sequencing data from nucleic acid samples is complex. There are a series of protocol steps to be followed in the preparation of samples for next-generation sequencing. The quantification of bias in a number of protocol steps, namely DNA fractionation, blunting, phosphorylation, adapter ligation and library enrichment, remains to be determined.

Results
We examined the experimental metadata of the public repository Sequence Read Archive (SRA) in order to ascertain the level of annotation of important sequencing steps in submissions to the database. Using SQL relational database queries (using the SRAdb SQLite database generated by the Bioconductor consortium) to search for keywords commonly occurring in key preparatory protocol steps partitioned over studies, we found that 7.10%, 5.84% and 7.57% of all records (fragmentation, ligation and enrichment, respectively), had at least one keyword corresponding to one of the three protocol steps. Only 4.06% of all records, partitioned over studies, had keywords for all three steps in the protocol (5.58% of all SRA records).

Conclusions
The current level of annotation in the SRA inhibits systematic studies of bias due to these protocol steps. Downstream from this, meta-analyses and comparative studies based on these data will have a source of bias that cannot be quantified at present.
Quality management and innovation: new insights on a structural contingency framework
Authors: Schniederjans Dara , Schniederjans Marc 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWith increasing market competition, organizations are striving for greater innovation in products and services. Quality management has the potential to invigorate an organization’s product, process and administrative innovation when strategically aligned with internal contingencies. This paper seeks to address the relationship between social and technical quality management with innovation. Moreover, this paper empirically assesses contingency factors including organization size, task and managerial ethics which play roles in moderating the relationship between quality management and innovation. Based on an empirical study we find social quality management practices, not technical quality management practices, are positively associated with innovation. We also find a reciprocal positive relationship between social quality management and technical quality management. In addition our research reveals the positive relationship between quality management and innovation is moderated by the effects of organizational size, task and managerial ethics.
Psychotic experiences and risk of death in the general population: 24–27 year follow-up of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study
Authors: Sharifi Vandad , Eaton William W. , Wu Li Tzy , Roth Kimberly B. , Burchett Bruce M. , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPsychotic experiences are common in the general population and are associated with adverse psychiatric and social outcomes, even in the absence of a psychotic disorder.AimsTo examine the association between psychotic experiences and mortality over a 24–27 year period.MethodWe used data on 15 049 adult participants from four sites of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area baseline survey in the USA in the early 1980s, linked to the National Death Index and other sources of vital status up until 2007. Psychotic experiences were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.ResultsLifetime psychotic experiences at baseline (n = 855; weighted prevalence, 5.5%) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality at follow-up after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (P<0.05). Baseline psychotic experiences were associated with over 5 years' shorter median survival time. Among the underlying causes of death, suicide had a particularly high hazard ratio (9.16, 95% CI 3.19–26.29).ConclusionsFuture research needs to explore the association of psychotic experiences with physical health and lifestyle factors that may mediate the relationship of psychotic experiences with mortality.
The cytoskeleton-associated protein SCHIP1 is involved in axon guidance, and is required for piriform cortex and anterior commissure development
Authors: Klingler Esther , Martin Pierre-Marie , Garcia Marta , Moreau-Fauvarque Caroline , Falk Julien , Chareyre Fabrice , Giovannini Marco , Chédotal Alain , Girault Jean-Antoine , Goutebroze Laurence 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
SCHIP1 is a cytoplasmic partner of cortical cytoskeleton ankyrins. The IQCJ-SCHIP1 isoform is a component of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier of mature axons in peripheral and central nervous systems, where it associates with membrane complexes comprising cell adhesion molecules. SCHIP1 is also expressed in the mouse developing central nervous system during embryonic stages of active axonogenesis. Here, we identify a new and early role for SCHIP1 during axon development and establishment of the anterior commissure (AC). The AC is composed of axons from the piriform cortex, the anterior olfactory nucleus and the amygdala. Schip1 mutant mice displayed early defects in AC development that might result from impaired axon growth and guidance. In addition, mutant mice presented a reduced thickness of the piriform cortex, which affected projection neurons in layers 2/3 and was likely to result from cell death rather than from impairment of neuron generation or migration. Piriform cortex neurons from E14.5 mutant embryos displayed axon initiation/outgrowth delay and guidance defects in vitro. The sensitivity of growth cones to semaphorin 3F and Eph receptor B2, two repulsive guidance cues crucial for AC development, was increased, providing a possible basis for certain fiber tract alterations. Thus, our results reveal new evidence for the involvement of cortical cytoskeleton-associated proteins in the regulation of axon development and their importance for the formation of neuronal circuits.
Compression therapy in obese patients
Authors: Reich-Schupke S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTriggered by obesity, venous (obesity-associated dependency syndrome) and lymphatic drainage disorders (obesity-associated lymphoedema) can develop, which in themselves require compression therapy, or other comorbidities with indication for compression therapy may exist. In obese patients, some specific features have to be observed in compression therapy:- An adequate initial decongestive phase with padding and bandage materials,- Compression hosiery with a high degree of stiffness (high-strength materials, where appropriate, flat-knitted) and optimal fit (meticulous fitting),- Garment types that are suitable for daily use, if necessary, multi-part garment,- Need for aids or auxiliary persons to ensure correct use,- Concomitant consistent, intensive, lipid-replenishing skin care and optimised hygiene to reduce complications and side effects- Regular medical check-ups to ensure correct fit of the leg compression garment.Sometimes, particularly at the initial provision and in patients with a complicated physical shape, the stockings have to be modified several times before an optimal fit is achieved.
Intermittent pneumatic compression reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis during post-operative lower limb immobilisation
Authors: Domeij-Arverud E. , Labruto F. , Latifi A. , Nilsson G. , Edman G. , Ackermann P. W. 
Published: May 2015

Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication of immobilising the lower limb after surgery. We hypothesised that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy in outpatients who had undergone surgical repair of acute ruptures of the Achilles tendon could reduce the incidence of this problem. A total of 150 patients who had undergone surgical repair of the Achilles tendon were randomised to either treatment with IPC for six hours per day (n = 74) under an orthosis or treatment as usual (n = 74) in a plaster cast without IPC. At two weeks post-operatively, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was assessed using blinded, double-reported compression duplex ultrasound. At this point, IPC was discontinued and all patients were immobilised in an orthosis for a further four weeks. At six weeks post-operatively, a second compression duplex ultrasound scan was performed. At two weeks, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 21% in the treated group and 37% in the control group (p = 0.042). Age over 39 years was found to be a strong risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio (OR) = 4.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14 to 10.96). Treatment with IPC, corrected for age differences between groups, reduced the risk of deep vein thrombosis at the two-week point (OR = 2.60; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.91; p =0.022). At six weeks, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 52% in the treated group and 48% in the control group (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.83). IPC appears to be an effective method of reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the early stages of post-operative immobilisation of outpatients. Further research is necessary to elucidate whether it can confer similar benefits over longer periods of immobilisation and in a more heterogeneous group of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:675–80.
Are two different projections of the inlet view necessary for the percutaneous placement of iliosacral screws?
Authors: Ozmeric A. , Yucens M. , Gultaç E. , Açar H. I. , Aydogan N. H. , Gül D. , Alemdaroglu K. B. 
Published: May 2015

We hypothesised that the anterior and posterior walls of the body of the first sacral vertebra could be visualised with two different angles of inlet view, owing to the conical shape of the sacrum. Six dry male cadavers with complete pelvic rings and eight dry sacrums with K-wires were used to study the effect of canting (angling the C-arm) the fluoroscope towards the head in 5° increments from 10° to 55°. Fluoroscopic images were taken in each position. Anterior and posterior angles of inclination were measured between the upper sacrum and the vertical line on the lateral view. Three authors separately selected the clearest image for overlapping anterior cortices and the upper sacral canal in the cadaveric models. The dry bone and K-wire models were scored by the authors, being sure to check whether the K-wire was in or out. In the dry bone models the mean score of the relevant inlet position of the anterior or posterior inclination was 8.875 (standard deviation (sd) 0.35), compared with the inlet position of the opposite inclination of –5.75 (sd 4.59). We found that two different inlet views should be used separately to evaluate the borders of the body of the sacrum using anterior and posterior inclination angles of the sacrum, during placement of iliosacral screws. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:705–10.
Mid- to long-term outcome of 96 corrective hindfoot fusions in 84 patients with rigid flatfoot deformity
Authors: Röhm J. , Zwicky L. , Horn Lang T. , Salentiny Y. , Hintermann B. , Knupp M. 
Published: May 2015

Talonavicular and subtalar joint fusion through a medial incision (modified triple arthrodesis) has become an increasingly popular technique for treating symptomatic flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.The purpose of this study was to look at its clinical and radiological mid- to long-term outcomes, including the rates of recurrent flatfoot deformity, nonunion and avascular necrosis of the dome of the talus.A total of 84 patients (96 feet) with a symptomatic rigid flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction were treated using a modified triple arthrodesis. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (35 to 85) and the mean follow-up was 4.7 years (1 to 8.3). Both clinical and radiological outcomes were analysed retrospectively.In 86 of the 95 feet (90.5%) for which radiographs were available, there was no loss of correction at final follow-up. In all, 14 feet (14.7%) needed secondary surgery, six for nonunion, two for avascular necrosis, five for progression of the flatfoot deformity and tibiotalar arthritis and one because of symptomatic overcorrection. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot score (AOFAS score) at final follow-up was 67 (between 16 and 100) and the mean visual analogue score for pain 2.4 points (between 0 and 10).In conclusion, modified triple arthrodesis provides reliable correction of deformity and a good clinical outcome at mid- to long-term follow-up, with nonunion as the most frequent complication. Avascular necrosis of the talus is a rare but serious complication of this technique.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:668–74.