bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory‐efficient SURF architecture for ASIC implementation
Authors: Lee Sang‐Seol , Jang Sung‐Joon , Kim Jungho , Hwang Youngbae , Choi Byeongho 
Published: July 2014

Among the image features for object recognition, speeded up robust features (SURF) have been widely implemented due to their hardware‐friendly characteristics and high accuracy. However, because of adopting a fully internal memory‐based architecture and a field programmable gate array having large memories for a high performance, most of them are infeasible to the application specific integrated chip (ASIC). A memory‐efficient architecture for implementing SURF in ASIC by analysing the characteristics of memory accesses of SURF is presented. In addition, a strategy of dividing an entire image into multiple sub‐images, processing them sequentially and overlapping each other to reduce the size of the internal memory while minimising the loss of information is proposed. The proposed architecture was implemented with 767 kb‐sized internal memories and 1.2 M logic gates while processing 60 frames per second.
UWB bandpass filter with sharp rejection and narrow notched band
Authors: Chen Xianhong , Zhang Lijun , Peng Yatao 
Published: July 2014

A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass ﬁlter with sharp rejection and a narrow notched band is presented. This filter is designed using a multiple‐mode resonator (MMR) which consists of a ring resonator and a stepped‐impedance stub. The MMR has six resonance frequencies and three transmission zeros (TZs). All three TZs are close to the resonance frequencies, thus creating sharp roll‐off and narrow notched bands. Different passband bandwidths and notched bands can be obtained by tuning the stepped‐impedance admittance ratios. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that this simple bandpass filter has 97.3 and 30.6 dB/GHz attenuation slope at the lower and upper transition bands, respectively. The 3 dB notched band is from 5.6 to 5.8 GHz with 10.3 dB insertion loss at 5.7 GHz.
Energy landscape views for interplays among folding, binding, and allostery of calmodulin domains
Authors: Li Wenfei , Wang Wei , Takada Shoji 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Protein dynamics can conceptually be classified into three factors: folding, conformational transitions, and chemical events. Although couplings between every two of these factors have been well studied, explicit coupling among the three factors has not been examined due to its difficulty in direct experimental measurements. Toward this direction, calmodulin is a suitable model system. Here, constructing a computational model that integrates folding, ligand binding, and allosteric motions based on the energy landscape theory, we studied interplay among the three factors, in detail, for calmodulin domains. The analysis includes three conformational states and three binding states, resulting into nine states in total. We found multiple routes and their intriguing modulation by ligand concentration.
Phosphoproteomic analysis identifies the tumor suppressor PDCD4 as a RSK substrate negatively regulated by 14-3-3
Authors: Galan Jacob A. , Geraghty Kathryn M. , Lavoie Geneviève , Kanshin Evgeny , Tcherkezian Joseph , Calabrese Viviane , Jeschke Grace R. , Turk Benjamin E. , Ballif Bryan A. , Blenis John , Thibault Pierre , Roux Philippe P. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The RSK family is a group of Ser/Thr kinases that promotes cell growth and proliferation in response to the Ras/MAPK pathway. Deregulated RSK activity has been associated with different disorders and diseases, such as cancer, but relatively little is known regarding the contribution of RSK to tumorigenesis. In this study, we describe, to our knowledge, the first global quantitative phosphoproteomic screen to characterize RSK-dependent signaling events in melanoma. Our results show that RSK negatively regulates the tumor suppressor PDCD4 by promoting its association to 14-3-3 proteins and subsequent proteasomal degradation. These findings further implicate RSK as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma and suggest that RSK plays widespread biological functions downstream of the Ras/MAPK pathway.
Collective Intelligence
Authors: Cappella Joseph N. , Zhang Jingwen , Price Vincent 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The rise of the Internet and social media reignites interest in collective intelligence. We frame collective intelligence as follows: (1) Simple aggregation of individual opinion is a poor substitute for reasoned opinion by collectives (i.e., deliberation) except in limited circumstances. (2) What constitutes an intelligent decision on complex matters requires approximations to the ideal of what is intelligent. There is no “gold standard” for intelligent decisions. (3) If collective deliberation is to be useful, then its outcomes must be improved decisions—in short, intelligent outcomes. (4) Deliberation can lead to more intelligent outcomes when opinion, knowledge, and judgment within a collective is diverse and this diversity is expressed. (5) The trends within emerging media toward increasingly narrow, partisan sources of information, toward selective exposure and avoidance, and toward balkanization of collectives will depress the possibilities of collective intelligence that emerging media would on their surface seem to enhance.
Framing Inequality in Public Policy Discourse
Authors: Gandy Oscar H. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This essay explores a variety of ways that the problem of inequality has been framed in the context of national policy debates in the United States. Following an introduction to the notion of inequality as a social problem, the chapter provides a brief review of how framing has been examined as a communications process and a strategic resource. The framing of inequality as a focus of public policy debates is described in relation to a selection of issues that include health disparities, racial inequality, and the digital divide. An additional assessment is made of the use of comparative risk as a framework for highlighting differences between groups defined by race, ethnicity and social class. The framing of environmental risks is examined in relation to a social justice frame. The author concludes with a discussion of constraints on the use of particular frames within debates about economic social policy.
Wrongful Convictions in the United States
Authors: Gould Jon B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAll criminal justice systems grapple with the problem of convicting the innocent. In the case of death penalty cases the error can be irreversible. Over the last century, considerable research has been conducted on wrongful convictions, not only uncovering the most common factors but also recommending remedies for the sources of erroneous convictions. This chapter summarizes the voluminous literature on the sources of wrongful convictions in the United States, exploring the relative importance of a range of factors on which research has been conducted. Arguing that existing research has sometimes confused correlates with causes, the chapter presents findings from a recent large-scale empirical study of wrongful convictions using a control group and employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The chapter concludes by summarizing plausible steps to address the known factors behind wrongful convictions.
Do patients prefer mesh or anterior colporrhaphy for primary correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a labelled discrete choice experiment
Authors: Notten KJB , Essers BA , Weemhoff M , Rutten AGH , Donners JJAE , van Gestel I , Kruitwagen RFPM , Roovers JPWR , Dirksen CD 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveWe investigated patients’ preferences for anterior colporrhaphy or mesh surgery as surgical correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse.DesignLabelled discrete choice experiment.SettingThree Dutch teaching hospitals.PopulationWomen with anterior vaginal wall prolapse Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage 2 or more, indicated for anterior colporrhaphy (n = 100).MethodsDiscrete choice experiments are an attribute‐based survey method for measuring preferences. In this experiment, women were asked to choose between two treatment scenarios, mesh surgery or anterior colporrhaphy. These surgical treatments differed in four treatment attributes: (i) recurrence rate, (ii) exposure rate, (iii) infection rate, (iv) dyspareunia. Data were analysed using a multinomial logit model.Main outcome measuresWomen's preferences for anterior colporrhaphy or mesh surgery for the repair of vaginal wall prolapse.ResultsAll treatment attributes, i.e. recurrence, exposure, infection and dyspareunia, proved to be significant in the woman's decision to choose mesh surgery (P < 0.001), while only two attributes out of three, recurrence and infection, were significant for anterior colporrhaphy (P < 0.001). The relative importance data showed that with regards to the four statistically significant attributes for mesh, dyspareunia was the most important attribute, and of the two significant attributes for anterior colporrhaphy, the risk of infection. Based on the attributes and levels in our discrete choice experiment, anterior colporrhaphy was preferred in 74% as a primary correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse, followed by a preference for mesh in 26% of all choices.ConclusionThis study showed that next to the risk of recurrence, other aspects like risk of infection, dyspareunia and exposure play a role in the woman's preference for a surgical treatment. In addition, our results indicate that anterior colporrhaphy is preferred in the majority of the choices, followed by a preference for mesh surgery in a quarter of all choice sets. However, these results represent the average preference of a sample of women and cannot be taken as the preference of each individual. In the medical decision‐making context, information from the current study should be personalised to fit patient's unique circumstances. For patients to construct their own, individual preferences, they should be well informed about the existence and magnitude of the potential benefits and risks related to either anterior colporrhaphy or mesh surgery.
Ultrasound Competency Assessment in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs
Authors: Amini Richard , Adhikari Srikar , Fiorello Albert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesIn the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (EM), bedside ultrasound (US) is listed as one of the essential procedural skills. EM milestones released by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Emergency Medicine require residents to demonstrate competency in bedside US. The purpose of this study was to assess the current methods used by EM residency training programs to evaluate resident competency in bedside US.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study. A questionnaire on US education and competency assessment was electronically sent to all EM residency program directors and emergency US directors. The survey consisted of questions regarding the US rotation, structure of US curriculum, presence of US fellowship, image archiving, quality assurance methods, feedback, competency assessment tools, and frequency of assessment. The survey responses are reported as the percentages of total respondents along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 124 of 161 EM residency programs participated in this study, representing a 77% response rate. Twenty‐six percent (95% CI = 18% to 34%) of programs assess competency only at the end of the US rotation. Eight percent (95% CI = 3% to 13%) assess competency only every 6 months, and 13% (95% CI = 7% to 19%) assess competency only annually. Eight percent (95% CI = 3% to 13%) assess competency only during the final year of training. Thirty percent (95% CI = 22% to 38%) of programs assess competency with a combination of the above intervals, and 16% (95% CI = 10% to 22%) do not assess US competency. Fourteen percent (95% CI = 8% to 20%) use objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), and 21% (95% CI = 14% to 28%) use standardized direct observation tools (SDOTs) to assess resident competency in US. Approximately one‐third (33%, 95% CI = 24% to 41%) of standardized testing for US competency is conducted with multiple‐choice questions. Thirty percent (95% CI = 21% to 38%) administer practical examinations to assess US skills.ConclusionsCurrently, a majority of EM residency programs assess resident competency in bedside US. However, there is significant variation in the methods of competency assessment.
Do doctors' smoking habits influence their smoking cessation practices? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duaso Maria J. , McDermott Máirtín S. , Mujika Agurtzane , Purssell Edward , While Alison 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsTo assess the association between doctors' smoking status and the use of the ‘5As’ of smoking cessation.MethodsA systematic search of 11 databases covering English and Spanish language publications since 1996 was undertaken. Studies were included if they reported doctors' smoking status (current, former or never smoker) and rates of practising any of the 5As of smoking cessation (Ask; Advise; Assess; Assist; and Arrange). Frequencies and proportions were extracted from individual papers and risk ratios (RR) were calculated. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to assess the effect of the doctor's personal smoking history. Covariate effects were explored using meta‐regression for three pre‐specified study characteristics: doctors' role, smoking prevalence of the sample and study quality.ResultsTwenty studies were included in this systematic review. The RR of always asking patients about their smoking was not associated significantly with doctors' smoking status [RR = 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.94–1.02; P = 0.378; I2 = 0.00%; 10 studies]. Meta‐analysis suggested that doctors who were current smokers had a 17% increased risk of not advising their patients to quit compared with never‐smokers (RR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.77–0.90; P < 0.000; I2 = 82.14%; 14 studies). However, high levels of heterogeneity were found that were not explained by the meta‐regression. Regarding assisting patients to quit, never smokers were more likely to counsel than current smokers (RR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.85–0.99; P = 0.036; I2 = 0.00%; three studies) but less likely to make a referral (RR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.09–1.79; P = 0.009; I2 = 0.00%; five studies). No statistically significant differences were found in arranging future contact by smoking status (RR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.52–1.23; P = 0.315; I2 = 47.03%; four studies).ConclusionsSmoking status of doctors may affect their delivery of smoking cessation treatments to patients, with smokers being less likely than non‐smokers or ex‐smokers to advise and counsel their patients to quit but more likely to refer them to smoking cessation programmes.
Epidemiological link between wheat allergy and exposure to hydrolyzed wheat protein in facial soap
Authors: Fukutomi Y. , Taniguchi M. , Nakamura H. , Akiyama K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have highlighted the importance of extra‐intestinal routes of sensitization to food‐related allergens as the cause of epidemics of food allergy. Instances of Japanese women developing food allergy to wheat after exposure to hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP) present in facial soap have been reported. However, the epidemiologic impact of these ingredients as a cause of food allergy has not been well studied.MethodsTo clarify the epidemiological relationship between food allergy to wheat and contact exposure to HWP, a case–control study of Japanese women aged 20–54 years with self‐reported wheat allergy (WA) (cases, n = 157) and age‐matched control subjects without WA (controls, n = 449) was performed using a large‐scale Web‐based research panel. Subjects answered a Web‐based questionnaire regarding the use of skin and hair care products, as well as other possible risk factors.ResultsCurrent use of an HWP‐containing facial soap (Cha no Shizuku; Yuka) was significantly associated with an increased risk of WA (adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.7; frequencies of current use in cases and controls; 11% and 6%, respectively). Use of Cha no Shizuku was more common in subjects with more recent‐onset WA, implying that this soap may have contributed to the recent epidemic of WA.ConclusionsAn epidemiological relationship between WA and contact exposure to HWP has been documented. This study implicates a possible role of contact exposure to food‐derived protein hydrolysates as a risk factor for the development of food allergy manifesting itself as anaphylaxis.
Do We Need Heparin Coating for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation? New Concepts and Controversial Positions About Coating Surfaces of Extracorporeal Circuits
Authors: Silvetti Simona , Koster Andreas , Pappalardo Federico 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBlood contact with surfaces of the extracorporeal circuit provokes the activation of the coagulation system. To improve biocompatibility of the extracorporeal circuit without increasing the risk of bleeding, coatings of artificial surfaces were designed; many of them involve the use of heparin. Data in the literature show that heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia is a major issue in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation scenario, and no relevant benefits have been shown comparing heparin and no‐heparin coating.
Ranibizumab for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated Macular Edema Study (RABAMES): six‐month results of a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pielen Amelie , Mirshahi Alireza , Feltgen Nicolas , Lorenz Katrin , Korb Christina , Junker Bernd , Schaefer Caroline , Zwiener Isabella , Hattenbach Lars‐Olof ,   the RABAMES Study Group
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeTo compare standard‐of‐care grid laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) versus a combination of both in the treatment of chronic (>3 months) macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.MethodsProspective, randomized, multicentre clinical trial. Thirty patients with a best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/320 and 20/40 were randomized 1:1:1 to receive grid laser or three monthly injections of 0.5 mg IVR or both followed by 3 months of observation.ResultsMean change from baseline BCVA at month 6 was +2 letters [laser; 0.04 logMAR, 95% confidence interval (−0.17; 0.25)], +17 letters [IVR; 0.34 (0.19; 0.5)] and +6 letters [combination; 0.12 (0.01; 0.24)] (IVR versus laser p = 0.02 and IVR versus combination p = 0.02). At month 3, mean improvement in central retinal thickness (CRT) was 90.6 μm (laser) (−18.65; 199.8), 379.5 μm (IVR) (204.2; −554.8), and 248 μm (167.2; −328.8) (combination) (IVR versus laser p = 0.005, laser versus combination p = 0.02). During the observation period, CRT improved in laser [37.6 μm (−66.82; 142.0)], but deteriorated in IVR [−142.4 μm (−247.6; −37.16)] and combination [−171.7 μm (−250.4; −92.96)] (laser versus IVR p = 0.01, laser versus combination p = 0.002) indicating recurrent oedema. Less laser retreatments (at 8 weeks) were required in combination group (2/10) than grid group (7/10).ConclusionSix‐month results suggest that ranibizumab may be superior to grid laser in improving visual acuity. Grid combined with IVR neither enhanced functional and morphological improvement of IVR nor did it prevent or prolong recurrence of oedema. In IVR groups, CRT increased slowly after stopping injections, whereas improvement in visual acuity was sustained, indicating that morphological changes occur prior to functional impairment.
Fear of recurrence: Results of a randomized trial of relapse detection in schizophrenia
Authors: Gumley Andrew I. , MacBeth Angus , Reilly James D. , O'Grady Margaret , White Ross G. , McLeod Hamish , Schwannauer Matthias , Power Kevin G. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and establish the reliability and validity of a measure of Fear of Recurrence, measuring cognitive appraisals of relapse rather than standard early signs of relapse. We also aimed to establish the sensitivity and specificity to relapse.MethodParticipants diagnosed with schizophrenia or a related disorder were randomized to one of two early signs monitoring conditions, using either the Early Signs Scale or the Fear of Recurrence Scale (FoRSe). Participants were followed up for 6‐months or until relapse.ResultsA total of 169 participants were randomized to Standard (n = 86) or FoRSe (n = 83) monitoring. We found good evidence supporting reliability and validity of the FoRSe. In addition, a cut‐off point of ≥5 was associated with an optimal sensitivity in both Standard (n = 26:79%, 95% CI = 62–89) and FoRSe (n = 18:72%, 95% CI = 52–86) monitoring. However, this degree of sensitivity was associated with a lower specificity in Standard (n = 30:35%, 96% CI = 23–50) and FoRSe (n = 25:46%, 95% CI = 32–60). Finally, Fear of Relapse was a significant predictor of time to relapse [Exp(β) = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.42, p < .05].ConclusionThe study provides evidence that Fear of Recurrence may be an important clinical construct linked to increased risk of relapse and poorer emotional recovery in people diagnosed with schizophrenia.Practitioner points

Monitoring Fear of Recurrence is as sensitive to relapse detection as monitoring early signs alone.

Greater Fear of Relapse was associated with shorter duration to actual relapse.

Fear of recurrence may be an important clinical feature linked to poorer emotional recovery and increased risk of relapse.

Fear of Recurrence may be an important focus of psychological therapy to promote emotional recovery and prevention of relapse.
90Y‐ibritumomab tiuxetan radiotherapy as first‐line therapy for early stage low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas, including bulky disease
Authors: Samaniego Felipe , Berkova Zuzana , Romaguera Jorge E. , Fowler Nathan , Fanale Michelle A. , Pro Barbara , Shah Jatin J. , McLaughlin Peter , Sehgal Lalit , Selvaraj Vijairam , Braun Frank K. , Mathur Rohit , Feng Lei , Neelapu Sattva S. , Kwak Larry W. 
Published: July 2014

Summary90Y‐ibritumomab‐tiuxetan (90YIT) was used as a first‐line therapy for patients with early‐stage follicular lymphoma (FL) or marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZL). Thirty‐one patients were treated, with an overall 3‐month response rate of 100% (68% complete response, 29% unconfirmed complete response and 3% partial response). At a median follow‐up of 56 months, ten patients (32%) had disease relapse or progression. The progression‐free rates at 3 and 5 years were lower in males, patients with FL, stage II diseaseand non‐bulky disease, although they did not reach statistical significance. Grade 3–4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia were 61%, 35%, and 3%, respectively. 90YIT was well tolerated, including in those patients over 60 years old, and achieved high response rates in patients with early‐stage low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas. Bulky disease did not adversely affect tumour response.