bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of HbA1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Screening for Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Wang Jun-Sing , Lee I-Te , Lee Wen-Jane , Lin Shih-Yi , Fu Chia-Po , Ting Chih-Tai , Lee Wen-Lieng , Liang Kae-Woei , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
The performance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was compared in screening for diabetes by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients without known diabetes admitted for CAG were eligible. OGTT and HbA1c were assessed 2–4 weeks after hospital discharge. The performance of HbA1c and FPG was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

RESULTS
Diabetes was diagnosed in 83 of 400 patients (20.8%). The area under the ROC curve was higher for FPG than for HbA1c (0.81 vs. 0.73, P = 0.032). We proposed a screening algorithm and validated it in another 170 patients. Overall, this algorithm reduced the number of OGTTs by 71.4% (sensitivity 74.4%, specificity 100%).

CONCLUSIONS
FPG performed better than HbA1c in screening for diabetes in patients undergoing CAG. A screening algorithm might help to reduce the number of OGTTs.
“I’ve never murdered anyone in my life. The decisions are up to them.”: Ethical Guidance and Cultural Pessimism in the Saw Series
Authors: Walliss John , Aston James 
Published: December 2012

Abstract: In this article, we examine the ethical vision presented in the Saw series of films, focusing in particular on how it represents a trend within popular culture post-9/11 toward increasing cultural pessimism. We will locate the Saw films within this cultural trajectory, primarily focusing on the “games” and the use of torture and how these rituals disturb a clear moral and ethical vision as the franchise moves unsteadily between conservative and liberal ideologies. Human beings, the films show, are riddled with vice and invariably cannot, even when put in a life or death situation, develop the self-awareness to overcome them. Indeed, humans have become so debased and disconnected from life that those liberal, progressive attempts to help them and legal attempts to sanction them are doomed to failure. In the end, the only way in which they can be “saved,” and social order be protected, is through vigilantism and a never-ending cycle of torture.
Merging machines with microsurgery: clinical experience with neuroArm
Authors: Sutherland Garnette R. , Lama Sanju , Gan Liu Shi , Wolfsberger Stefan , Zareinia Kourosh 
Published: December 2012

Object
It has been over a decade since the introduction of the da Vinci Surgical System into surgery. Since then, technology has been advancing at an exponential rate, and newer surgical robots are becoming increasingly sophisticated, which could greatly impact the performance of surgery. NeuroArm is one such robotic system.

Methods
Clinical integration of neuroArm, an MR-compatible image-guided robot, into surgical procedure has been developed over a prospective series of 35 cases with varying pathology.

Results
Only 1 adverse event was encountered in the first 35 neuroArm cases, with no patient injury. The adverse event was uncontrolled motion of the left neuroArm manipulator, which was corrected through a rigorous safety review procedure. Surgeons used a graded approach to introducing neuroArm into surgery, with routine dissection of the tumor-brain interface occurring over the last 15 cases. The use of neuroArm for routine dissection shows that robotic technology can be successfully integrated into microsurgery. Karnofsky performance status scores were significantly improved postoperatively and at 12-week follow-up.

Conclusions
Surgical robots have the potential to improve surgical precision and accuracy through motion scaling and tremor filters, although human surgeons currently possess superior speed and dexterity. Additionally, neuroArm's workstation has positive implications for technology management and surgical education. NeuroArm is a step toward a future in which a variety of machines are merged with medicine.
Le populisme chaviste : autoritarisme électoral pour amis et ennemis
Authors: Cal Año Luis Gómez , Arenas Nelly 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Devant les résistances opposées au principe d’unicité du social et du politique du populisme chaviste, celui-ci a évolué vers un autoritarisme électoral qui reflète la contradiction entre l’aspiration à l’hégémonie et la diversité du pluralisme. Cet autoritarisme s’exerce sur les opposants, perçus comme des « ennemis », mais aussi sur les organisations « amies », c’est-à-dire fidèles au gouvernement. Ces pratiques visent à réduire la diversité sans y parvenir complètement, laissant ainsi persister les tensions dans un contexte d’échéance électorale et d’incertitude quant à la capacité du président à continuer d’exercer ses fonctions.
A reformed perspective on taking mission and missiology to the heart of theological training
Authors: Mashau Thinandavha D. 
Published: December 2012

Mission and missiology have been driven to the periphery of the life of both the church and theological institutions. Missiology has, in many theological institutions in the world, struggled to find a home. It has in some instances been regarded as an intruder, in some as an interloper and in others as irrelevant. Missiology is without a doubt a voice from the margins. This article seeks to go beyond the exercise to identify reasons for such a marginalisation by looking at ways in which mission and missiology can be restored to the heart of theological education. This article reminds us that the definition and practice of missiology should be firmly grounded in the missio Dei; hence all theological disciplines should intentionally have a missionary dimension. This will in essence allow missiology to exist as an independent subject but at the same time exercise its multidimensionality. It is, therefore, critical to maintain a dynamic and creative tension between intention and dimension to understand the place of missiology in the theological encyclopaedia.'n Gereformeerde perspektief op die neem van sending en sendingwetenskap na die hart van teologiese opleiding. Sending en sendingwetenskap is na die periferie van die lewe van sowel die kerk as teologiese instellings verdryf. Sendingwetenskap het by baie teologiese instellings gesukkel om 'n tuiste te vind. In sommige gevalle is dit as ‘n indringer beskou, in ander as 'n tussenganger, en in sommige gevalle as irrelevant. Sendingwetenskap is sonder twyfel 'n stem vanuit die buiterante. Hierdie navorsing poog om die redes vir so 'n marginalisasie te ontdek deur te kyk na maniere waarop sending en sendingwetenskap herstel kan word tot die hart van teologiese opleiding. Die artikel herinner ons dat die definisie en praktyk van sendingwetenskap stewig gegrond behoort te wees in die missio Dei, en daarom behoort alle teologiese dissiplines doelbewus 'n sendingdimensie te hê. Dit sal sendingwetenskap toelaat om as 'n onafhanklike vak te bestaan en om terselfdertyd multidimensionaliteit uit te oefen. Dit is gevolglik krities om 'n dinamiese en kreatiewe spanning tussen intensie en dimensie te behou om sodoende te verstaan wat die plek van sendingwetenskap in die teologiese ensiklopedie is.
Transformación en la audiencia, transformación en los medios: un marco para el estudio de los retos y estrategias de las empresas periodísticas
Authors: Justel Vázquez Santiago 
Published: December 2012

A la primera gran crisis económica del siglo XXI los medios de comunicación suman una crisis coyuntural de la industria periodística más profunda y un proceso de transformación derivado de la consolidación de Internet. Una consolidación que si bien ha revolucionado la sociedad en su conjunto, ha dejado especial huella en determinados sectores, entre ellos, el de los medios de comunicación. En este contexto de crisis y transformación se plantea la cuestión de la necesidad de las empresas informativas de adaptarse a la nueva realidad para sobrevivir encontrando un modelo de negocio que funcione en el escenario actual sin que ello signifique el descuido de su función social. El presente texto, construido a partir de aportaciones teóricas y valoraciones desde el mundo profesional –incluyendo material inédito de entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de la división digital del Grupo Godó–, repasa retos y oportunidades en el escenario de los medios de comunicación. Por ejemplo, la tecnología actual permite que los medios puedan tener en el entorno digital un conocimiento preciso de las preferencias y el comportamiento de su audiencia, cada vez más activa y protagonista, con la que se han abierto numerosos canales de interacción y diálogo. Esta posibilidad de conocer mejor al público es una de las oportunidades del periodismo en Internet, pero puede también conducir a primar criterios comerciales basados en las preferencias de este por encima de otros criterios periodísticos.
¿Por qué leer la prensa regional hoy en día?
Authors: Ballarini Loïc 
Published: December 2012

A pesar de un declive continuo en sus ventas, la prensa diaria y semanal regional permanece en Francia como el tipo de prensa de información más leída, muy por delante de los diarios nacionales y las revistas de información. Este artículo busca comprender por qué se lee hoy en día la prensa local. Extraído de mi tesis, los resultados surgieron de entrevistas con los lectores así como de un análisis de contenido de la prensa regional bretona. Las motivaciones para leer periódicos regionales permanecen estables en el tiempo. Para empezar, uno no elije su «periódico preferido»: frecuentemente, se hereda la lectura de los padres, o bien, se lee lo que está disponible en el lugar donde se come. Existen, a continuación, dos maneras de leer un regional. Una lectura geográfica que reenvía a las diferentes escalas del territorio y una lectura temática, que descansa sobre los centros de interés (información-servicios, resultados deportivos, obituarios…). Tanto en un caso como en el otro, la prensa regional aparece lejos de la misión de animadora del espacio público local que reivindica. No participa menos en el mantenimiento de un entramado social elemental que pasa por la transmisión de informaciones prácticas y noticias detalladas. La prensa regional no puede considerarse como la única representante del espacio público, pero constituye un elemento de la misma. Desde el punto de vista del lector, es un complemento de otros medios de comunicación, notablemente los digitales y las conversaciones cotidianas. Esta constatación es una invitación a redefinir el espacio público de una manera más abierta, fragmentada y dinámica. Esto puede alcanzarse abriendo la concepción del espacio público a nuevas dimensiones, tales como los intercambios orales diarios (Arendt), la articulación entre las escalas de territorio (Lacoste) y los procesos de socialización (Elias, Percherón), donde lo local es el lugar privilegiado.
Severe craniosynostosis in an infant with deletion 22q11.2 syndrome
Authors: Al‐Hertani W. , Hastings V.A. , McGowan‐Jordan J. , Hurteau J. , Graham Gail E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report a male infant with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and very severe multi‐sutural craniosynostosis associated with increased intracranial pressure, marked displacement of brain structures, and extensive erosion of the skull. While uni‐ or bi‐sultural craniosynostosis is a recognized (though relatively uncommon) feature of 22q11 deletion syndrome, a severe multi‐sutural presentation of this nature has never been reported. SNP Microarray was otherwise normal and the patient did not have common mutations in FGFR2, FGFR3, or TWIST associated with craniosynostosis. While markedly variable expressivity is an acknowledged feature of deletion 22q11 syndrome, herein we also consider and discuss the possibility that this infant may have been additionally affected with an undiagnosed single gene disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new case of 8q22.1 microdeletion restricts the critical region for Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome
Authors: Debost‐Legrand Anne , Eymard‐Pierre Eleonore , Pebrel‐Richard Céline , Gouas Laetitia , Goumy Carole , Giollant Michel , Ayed Wiem , Tchirkov Andreï , Francannet Christine , Vago Philippe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrodeletions of 8q21.3–8q22.1 have been identified in all patients with Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome (NMLFS). A recent report of a patient without this specific phenotype presented a 1.6 Mb deletion in this region that partially overlapped with previously reported 8q21.3 microdeletions, thus restricting critical region for this syndrome. We report on another case of an 8q21.3 deletion revealed by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) in a 4‐year‐old child with global developmental delay, autism, microcephaly, but without Nablus phenotype. The size of the interstitial deletion was estimated to span 5.2 Mb. By combining the data from previous reports on 8q21.3–8q22.1 deletions and our case, we were able to narrow the critical region of Nablus syndrome to 0.5 Mb. The deleted region includes FAM92A1, which seems to be a potential candidate gene in NMLFS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal perspectives on the return of genetic results: Context matters
Authors: Lakes Kimberley D. , Vaughan Elaine , Lemke Amy , Jones Marissa , Wigal Timothy , Baker Dean , Swanson James M. , Burke Wylie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to study maternal preferences for the return of their child's genetic results and to describe the experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and values that are brought to bear when individuals from different racial and cultural backgrounds consider participating in genetic research. We recruited women with diverse sociodemographic profiles to participate in seven focus groups. Twenty‐eight percent of participants self‐identified as Hispanic; 49% as White, non‐Hispanic; and 21% as Asian or Asian American. Focus groups were conducted in English or Spanish and were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative thematic methods. Results indicated that preferences and decisions regarding the return of results may depend on both research and individual contextual factors. Participants understood the return of results as a complex issue, where individual and cultural differences in preferences are certain to arise. Another key finding was that participants desired an interpersonal, dynamic, flexible process that accommodated individual preferences and contextual differences for returning results. Our findings indicate a need to have well‐developed systems for allowing participants to make and change over time their choices regarding the return of their child's genetic results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Newborn screening and cascade testing for FMR1 mutations
Authors: Sorensen Page L. , Gane Louise W. , Yarborough Mark , Hagerman Randi J. , Tassone Flora 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe describe an ongoing pilot project in which newborn screening (NBS) for FMR1 mutations and subsequent cascade testing are performed by the MIND Institute at the University of California, Davis Medical Center (UCDMC). To date, out of 3,042 newborns initially screened, 44 extended family members have been screened by cascade testing of extended family members once a newborn is identified. Fourteen newborns (7 males and 7 females) and 27 extended family members (5 males and 22 females) have been identified with FMR1 mutations. Three family histories are discussed in detail, each demonstrating some benefits and risks of NBS and cascade testing for FMR1 mutations in extended family members. While we acknowledge inherent risks, we propose that with genetic counseling, clinical follow‐up of identified individuals and cascade testing, NBS has significant benefits. Treatment for individuals in the extended family who would otherwise not have received treatment can be beneficial. In addition, knowledge of carrier status can lead to lifestyle changes and prophylactic interventions that are likely to reduce the risk of late onset neurological or psychiatric problems in carriers. Also with identification of carrier family members through NBS, reproductive choices become available to those who would not have known that they were at risk to have offspring with fragile X syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed onset congenital hypothyroidism in a patient with DUOX2 mutations and maternal iodine excess
Authors: Kasahara Toshihiko , Narumi Satoshi , Okasora Keisuke , Takaya Ryuzo , Tamai Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCongenital hypothyroidism (CH), one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders, causes irreversible intellectual disability in untreated patients. Today, the vast majority of patients receive early diagnosis and treatment in the context of newborn screening for CH, and achieve satisfactory cognitive development. However, a subset of patients with delayed onset are undetectable by newborn screening, and miss benefit from early intervention. Here, we report on a delayed‐onset CH patient that had two contributing factors in the pathogenesis of CH simultaneously, i.e., a genetic defect and iodine excess. The patient was exposed to excessive iodine in utero because her mother consumed massive amounts of seaweed during pregnancy. Surprisingly, the patient had a negative result in newborn screening, but developed overt CH at age 3 months. She received thyroxine supplementation until when normalization of the thyroid function was confirmed at age 3 years (i.e., transient CH). Mutation screening for DUOX2, a causative gene for transient CH, showed biallelic mutations (p.[E327X] + [H678R]). This report provides a new example of environmental modification of phenotypes of CH due to a genetic defect, which can potentially distort screening results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proximal and distal 15q25.2 microdeletions–genotype–phenotype delineation of two neurodevelopmental susceptibility loci
Authors: Doelken Sandra C. , Seeger Karl , Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Weber‐Ferro Wencke , Klopocki Eva , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDistal 15q25.2 microdeletions have recently been reported as a copy number variation (CNV) locus for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders with variable outcome. In addition, more proximal microdeletions of 15q25.2 have been described as a susceptibility locus for cognitive deficits, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and Diamond–Blackfan anaemia (DBA). We describe two patients with 15q25.2 deletion, one with the more distal deletion and the other with a deletion overlapping both the distal and proximal 15q25.2 deletions and compare them to the 18 so far reported patients with 15q25.2 deletions. We provide a characterization of the 15q25.2 microdeletions and contribute to the genotype–phenotype delineation for these two novel microdeletion syndromes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular health through young adulthood and cognitive functioning in midlife
Authors: Reis Jared P. , Loria Catherine M. , Launer Lenore J. , Sidney Stephen , Liu Kiang , Jacobs David R. , Zhu Na , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , He Ka , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to examine the association between overall cardiovascular health as recently defined by the American Heart Association in young adulthood to middle age and cognitive function in midlife. Overall ideal cardiovascular health incorporates 7 metrics, including the avoidance of overweight or obesity, a healthful diet, nonsmoking, and physical activity, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose at goal levels.MethodsThis analysis of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, a multicenter community‐based study with 25 years of follow‐up, included 2,932 participants aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (year 0) who attended follow‐up examinations at years 7 and 25. Cardiovascular health metrics were measured at each examination. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), modified Stroop test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were completed at year 25.ResultsA greater number of ideal cardiovascular metrics in young adulthood and middle age were independently associated with better cognitive function in midlife (p for trend < 0.01, for all). Specifically, each additional ideal metric was associated with 1.32 more symbols on the DSST (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93 – 1.71), a 0.77‐point lower interference score on the Stroop test (95% CI=−1.03 to −0.45), and 0.12 more words on the RAVLT (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.20). Participants who had ≥5 ideal metrics at a greater number of the 3 examinations over the 25‐year period exhibited better performance on each cognitive test in middle age (p for trend < 0.01, for all).InterpretationIdeal cardiovascular health in young adulthood and its maintenance to middle age is associated with better psychomotor speed, executive function, and verbal memory in midlife. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:170–179
Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
Authors: Barreto Andrew D. , Brod Staley A. , Bui Thanh‐Tung , Jemelka James R. , Kramer Larry A. , Ton Kelly , Cohen Alan M. , Lindsey John W. , Nelson Flavia , Narayana Ponnada A. , Wolinsky Jerry S. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveChronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to determine whether neurosonography (NS) provides reliable information on cerebral venous outflow patterns specific to MS.MethodsThis was a single‐center, prospective case–control study of volunteer MS and non‐MS participants. A neurosonologist, blind to the subjects' diagnosis, used high‐resolution B‐mode imaging with color and spectral Doppler to systematically investigate, capture, and record extracranial and intracranial venous drainage. These neuroimaging results were evaluated and scored by an expert blinded to subjects' information and with no interactions with the participants.ResultsAltogether, 276 subjects were studied: 206 with MS and 70 non‐MS. MS patients were older than non‐MS subjects (48.3±9.9 vs 44.3±11.8 years, p<0.007), with durations from first symptoms and diagnosis of 13.7±10 and 9.9±7.8 years, and Expanded Disability Status Scale of 2.6±2.0. Overall, 82 subjects (29.7%) fulfilled 1 of 5 NS criteria proposed for CCSVI; 13 (4.7%) fulfilled 2 criteria required for diagnosis, and none fulfilled >2 criteria. The distribution of subjects with 0, 1, or 2 criteria did not differ significantly across all diagnostic groupings, between MS and non‐MS subjects, or within MS subgroups. CCSVI was present in 7.14% of non‐MS and 3.88% of MS patients (p=0.266). No significant differences emerged between MS and non‐MS subjects for extracranial or intracranial venous flow rates.InterpretationNS findings described as CCSVI are much less prevalent than initially reported, and do not distinguish MS from other subjects. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that CCSVI is causally associated with MS. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:721–728