bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcrop 11. Tres Pasos Formation Slope Deposits Overview, Rio Zamora Canyon
Authors: Romans B.W. , Fildani A. , Hubbard S.M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Outcrop accessibility: very difficult - Overview accessibility: easy Outcrop Coordinates: 50.8166°S, 72.6947°W Refer to outcrop 11 on location map
Outcrops of the Tres Pasos and Dorotea formations in northern Ultima Esperanza District highlighted in this field guide (outcrops 10, 12, and 15) are remote and extremely difficult to access. One way to appreciate the general characterstics of the strata is from a distance along a dirt road on the west side of the north-south flowing Rio Zamora, which has carved a canyon into the Tres Pasos Formation and upper Cerro Toro Formation. From within the boundaries of Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, take the road to “Laguna Azul” and continue heading north (Fig. 11.1A) (note: at the time of publication, this road went through private land with unlocked gates; please always respect private land and communicate your intentions to stay on road and view outcrops from afar). The outcrops are on the other side of Rio Zamora from this road; do not attempt to cross the river. From north to south, the outcrop belt straddles three mountains: Cerro Divisadero, Cerro Mirador, and Sierra Contreras. Abundant paleocurrent data from the Tres Pasos Formation in this area indicate that basinward was to the south-southeast (Shultz et al., 2005; Romans et al., 2008). The transect displayed in this river canyon is therefore generally parallel to depositional dip, providing an opportunity to see a dip-parallel slope cross-section. Some east-west tributary
Outcrop 12. Tres Pasos Formation Mass Transport Deposit Topography, Sierra Contreras
Authors: Armitage D.A. , Romans B.W. , Covault J.A. , Graham S.A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Outcrop accessibility: difficult Outcrop Coordinates: 50.8859°S, 72.6545°W Refer to outcrop 12 on location map
At Sierra Contreras, deep-water slope depositional relationships between fine-grained mass transport deposits (MTDs) and overlying turbiditic sandstones can be assessed. The lateral continuity of sandstone-rich reservoir-scale bodies was dominantly controlled by original seafloor topography, related to the morphology of underlying MTDs. Overlying sandstone beds pinch-out and lap onto the relative topographic highs of the MTDs. Turbidite architecture evolves to more laterally continuous, sheet-like deposits as a result of depositional smoothing of MTD relief and diminished confinement (Shultz et al., 2005; Armitage et al., in press).
Small-scale MTD topography, characterized by several meters of vertical relief, was associated with local pockets of accommodation where sands were ponded. These small-scale surface irregularities are inferred to have been associated with the rugose tops of viscous MTDs. Meso-scale MTD topography (10 to several 10s of meters relief) was created by coherent rafted sandstone blocks resting on top of, or within the upper portion of MTD deposits; it is onlapped by overlying sandstone beds. This topography can laterally compartmentalize significant packages of sandstone. The largest scale of topography identified (several hundred meters horizontally and vertically) resulted from individual mass-wasting events (e.g., outsized block emplacement) creating topographic relief at the time of deposition. Topographic features at this scale can laterally divide large-scale sediment gravity flow pathways, leading to significant compartmentalization of sandstone bodies.
The size and abundance of rafted blocks in MTDs increases vertically in the outcrop suggesting
Outcrop 15. Transition from Deep-Water to Shelf Edge Deposits,Tres Pasos and Dorotea Formations, Cerro Escondido
Authors: Covault J.A. , Romans B.W. , Graham S.A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Outcrop accessibility: extremely difficult Outcrop Coordinates: 50.7309°S, 72.6324°W Refer to outcrop 15 on location map
The stratigraphic section at Cerro Escondido contains the most complete exposure of the Dorotea Formation in the Ultima Esperanza District (Fig. 15.1). Cerro Escondido is located south of the Argentina-Chile border on an anticline between the Rio de las Chinas and the Rio Zamora (refer to outcrop location map). The contact between the Tres Pasos and Dorotea formations had not been formally mapped at Cerro Escondido, and we define it as the first contact between turbidites of the Tres Pasos Formation and overlying shallow-marine hummocky-cross stratified sandstone of the Dorotea Formation (Fig. 15.1). Greater than 300 m of stratigraphy are exposed across &gt;800 m of the Cerro Escondido outcrop (Fig. 15.1). Two stratigraphic sections were recorded at cm-scale resolution (295 m thick in the east and 197 m thick in the west; Fig. 15.1C).
The Unique Contributions of Distinct Experiential Avoidance Domains to Severity and Functionality of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Bentley Kate H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Wilner Julianne 
Published: April 2015

Objectives This study explored the associations between domains of experiential avoidance and severity and functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Methods Undergraduates reporting a history of repeated engagement in NSSI (N = 150) completed measures of experiential avoidance, psychopathology, and self-injury. Results Procrastination, a specific domain of experiential avoidance, was related to the severity of self-injurious behavior; however, procrastination did not account for significant incremental variance in the NSSI severity over and above the contributions of depression and anxiety. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses indicated that procrastination and repression/denial domains of experiential avoidance were associated with automatic negative and automatic positive reinforcement functions of NSSI (respectively) and accounted for significant incremental variance after controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Both repression/denial and distress aversion also explained a significant proportion of variance in engagement in NSSI for interpersonal reasons when controlling for the contributions of depression and anxiety. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary support for the notion that unique relationships exist among distinct forms of experiential avoidance and both severity and functions of NSSI. Clinical and theoretical implications for these results are discussed.
The Political Role of Russia: A Case Study of Central Asian Muslim States
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad 
Published: April 2015

Capitalism and Socialism prevail over and converted world into bipolar. U.S.S.R was super power of world and leader of Eastern Europe and Socialist Block. There was a state of constant confrontation between two Super powers, the United States and the Soviet Union that led to disintegration of USSR. Central Asian states get independence from USSR. It changed the political significance of Russia at global forums. The politics of world converted to unipolar world. Socio-economic reconstruction calls for the strength of a democratic state capable of inspiring its citizen to self-interested voluntary cooperation. Achieving the constructive project, and organizing a social consensus for its implementation. The purpose of study is to analyze vision of political leadership of Russia for dominance in central Asian Muslim states. This perception has started from the day of independence of states of Central Asia. New shift has occurred in the region. The political significance is independent variable and dependency of Asian States is dependent variable with assumption. It is in debate that communism is sufficient political system for survival for regional countries in leadership of Russia.
Mathematical equivalence between time‐dependent single‐rate and multirate mass transfer models
Authors: Fernàndez‐Garcia D. , Sanchez‐Vila X. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe often observed tailing of tracer breakthrough curves is caused by a multitude of mass transfer processes taking place over multiple scales. Yet, in some cases, it is convenient to fit a transport model with a single‐rate mass transfer coefficient that lumps all the non‐Fickian observed behavior. Since mass transfer processes take place at all characteristic times, the single‐rate mass transfer coefficient derived from measurements in the laboratory or in the field vary with time
. The literature review and tracer experiments compiled by Haggerty et al. (2004) from a number of sites worldwide suggest that the characteristic mass transfer time, which is proportional to
, scales as a power law of the advective and experiment duration. This paper studies the mathematical equivalence between the multirate mass transfer model (MRMT) and a time‐dependent single‐rate mass transfer model (t‐SRMT). In doing this, we provide new insights into the previously observed scale‐dependence of mass transfer coefficients. The memory function, g(t), which is the most salient feature of the MRMT model, determines the influence of the past values of concentrations on its present state. We found that the t‐SRMT model can also be expressed by means of a memory function
. In this case, though the memory function is nonstationary, meaning that in general it cannot be written as
. Nevertheless, the full behavior of the concentrations using a single time‐dependent rate
is approximately analogous to that of the MRMT model provided that the equality
holds and the field capacity is properly chosen. This relationship suggests that when the memory function is a power law,
, the equivalent mass transfer coefficient scales as
, nicely fitting without calibration the estimated mass transfer coefficients compiled by Haggerty et al. (2004).
Borrowing Personal Memories
Authors: Brown Alan S. , Croft Caderao Kathryn , Fields Lindy M. , Marsh Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe present investigation documents memory borrowing in college‐age students, defined as the telling of others' autobiographical stories as if they are one's own. In both pilot and online surveys, most undergraduates admit to borrowing personal stories from others or using details from others' experiences to embellish their own retellings. These behaviors appear primarily motivated by a desire to permanently incorporate others' experiences into one's own autobiographical record (appropriation), but other reasons include to temporarily create a more coherent or engaging conversational exchange (social connection), simplify conveying somebody else's interesting experience (convenience), or make oneself look good (status enhancement). A substantial percentage of respondents expressed uncertainty as to whether an autobiographical experience actually belonged to them or to someone else, and most respondents have confronted somebody over ownership of a particular story. Documenting memory borrowing is important as the behavior has potential consequences for the creation of false memories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudo‐empirical Bayes estimation of small area means based on James–Stein estimation in linear regression models with functional measurement error
Authors: Torkashvand Elaheh , Jafari Jozani Mohammad , Torabi Mahmoud 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSmall area estimation plays an important role in making reliable inference for subpopulations (areas) for which relatively small samples or no samples are available. In model‐based small area estimation studies, linear and generalized linear mixed models have been used extensively assuming that covariates are not subjected to measurement errors. Recently, there have been studies considering this problem under the functional measurement error for covariates using the maximum likelihood method and the method of moments. In this paper, we study the James–Stein estimator of the true covariate subject to the functional measurement error. To this end, we obtain a new pseudo‐empirical Bayes (PEB) predictor of small area means based on the James–Stein estimator. Then, we show that the new PEB predictor is asymptotically optimal. The weighted and unweighted jackknife estimators of the mean squared prediction error of the new PEB predictor are also derived. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. We observe that the PEB predictor based on the James–Stein estimator performs better than those based on the maximum likelihood method and the method of moments. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to a real dataset. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 265–287; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Distinct pathways for norepinephrine‐ and opioid‐triggered antinociception from the amygdala
Authors: Maire J.J. , Close L.N. , Heinricher M.M. , Selden N.R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe amygdala has an important role in pain and pain modulation. We showed previously in animal studies that α2‐adrenoreceptor activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) mediates hypoalgesia produced by restraint stress, and that direct application of an α2‐agonist in this region produces analgesia.AimsIn the present animal experiments, we investigated the pathways through which α2‐sensitive systems in the CeA produce behavioural analgesia. The CeA has dense connections to a descending pain modulatory network, centred in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), which is implicated in various forms of stress‐related hypoalgesia and which mediates the antinociceptive effect of morphine applied in the basolateral amygdala. We investigated whether this circuit mediates the hypoalgesic effects of α2‐adrenergic agonist administration into the CeA as well as the contribution of endogenous opioids and cannabinoids. We also tested the possibility that activation of α2‐receptors in the CeA produces antinociception by recruitment of noradrenergic pathways projecting to the spinal cord.ResultsHypoalgesia resulting from bilateral application of the α2‐adrenergic agonist clonidine in the CeA was not reversed by chemical inactivation of the RVM or by systemic injections of naloxone (μ‐opioid antagonist) or rimonabant (CB1 antagonist). By contrast, spinal α2‐receptor blockade (intrathecal idazoxan) completely prevented the hypoalgesic effect of clonidine in the CeA, and unmasked a small but significant hyperalgesia.ConclusionIn rats, adrenergic actions in the CeA mediating hypoalgesia require spinal adrenergic neurotransmission but not the PAG–RVM pain modulatory network, or opiate or cannabinoid systems.
Hybrid simulation of a multi‐span RC viaduct with plain bars and sliding bearings
Authors: Abbiati Giuseppe , Bursi Oreste S. , Caperan Philippe , Di Sarno Luigi , Molina Francisco Javier , Paolacci Fabrizio , Pegon Pierre 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper deals with the seismic response assessment of an old reinforced concrete viaduct and the effectiveness of friction‐based retrofitting systems. Emphasis was laid on an old bridge, not properly designed to resist seismic action, consisting of 12 portal piers that support a 13‐span bay deck for each independent roadway. On the basis of an OpenSEES finite element frame pier model, calibrated in a previous experimental campaign with cyclic displacement on three 1:4 scale frame piers, a more complex experimental activity using hybrid simulation has been devised. The aim of the simulation was twofold: (i) to increase knowledge of non‐linear behavior of reinforced concrete frame piers with plain steel rebars and detailing dating from the late 1950s; and (ii) to study the effectiveness of sliding bearings for seismic response mitigation. Hence, to explore the performance of the as built bridge layout and also of the viaduct retrofitted with friction‐based devices, at both serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions, hybrid simulation tests were carried out. In particular, two frame piers were experimentally controlled with eight‐actuator channels in the as built case while two frame piers and eight sliding bearings were controlled with 18‐actuator channels in the isolated case. The remaining frame piers were part of numerical substructures and were updated offline to accurately track damage evolution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical assessment of drug–drug interactions of tasimelteon, a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist
Authors: Ogilvie Brian W. , Torres Rosarelis , Dressman Marlene A. , Kramer William G. , Baroldi Paolo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTasimelteon ([1R‐trans]‐N‐[(2‐[2,3‐dihydro‐4‐benzofuranyl] cyclopropyl) methyl] propanamide), a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist that demonstrates specificity and high affinity for melatonin receptor types 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2 receptors), is the first treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for Non‐24‐Hour Sleep‐Wake Disorder. Tasimelteon is rapidly absorbed, with a mean absolute bioavailability of approximately 38%, and is extensively metabolized primarily by oxidation at multiple sites, mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4/5, as initially demonstrated by in vitro studies and confirmed by the results of clinical drug–drug interactions presented here. The effects of strong inhibitors and moderate or strong inducers of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 on the pharmacokinetics of tasimelteon were evaluated in humans. Coadministration with fluvoxamine resulted in an approximately 6.5‐fold increase in tasimelteon's area under the curve (AUC), whereas cigarette smoking decreased tasimelteon's exposure by approximately 40%. Coadministration with ketoconazole resulted in an approximately 54% increase in tasimelteon's AUC, whereas rifampin pretreatment resulted in a decrease in tasimelteon's exposure of approximately 89%.
Looking Back to Move Forward: The MDGS and the Road to Post‐2015: Introduction to Journal of International Development Special Issue on Reflections on the Post‐2015 Debate
Authors: Tiwari Meera 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of International Development offers a collection of reflective discussions on specific domains that can shape the post‐2015 development landscape. Three of the six articles in this issue provide a southern perspective on South Asia, Latin America and Africa. The remaining three engage with framework, domains, data and measurement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A functional SNP in MIR124-1, a brain expressed miRNA gene, is associated with aggressiveness in a Colombian sample
Authors: González-Giraldo Y. , Camargo A. , López-León S. , Adan A. , Forero D.A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground:Interpersonal violence and suicide are among the main causes of mortality and morbidity around the world. In several developing countries, such as Colombia, they are among the first five entities of public health concern. Aggressiveness is an important endophenotype for aggression and suicidal behavior, having a heritability of around 50%. Exploration of classical candidate genes, involved in serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, has identified few consistent risk factors for aggressiveness. miRNAs are a novel class of molecules with a growing role in normal neural function and neuropsychiatric disorders; of special interest, miR-124 is a brain-specific miRNA that is key for neuronal plasticity. We evaluated the hypothesis that a functional polymorphism in MIR124-1 gene might be associated with aggressiveness in a Colombian sample.Methods:The Spanish adaptation of the refined version of the Aggression Questionnaire and the abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were applied to 170 young subjects. The functional SNP in MIR124-1 (rs531564) was genotyped by a TaqMan assay.Results:We found a significant association between the MIR124-1 and aggressiveness in our sample, with G/G carriers having lower scores (P = 0.01). This association seemed to be specific for aggressiveness, as it was not significant for impulsiveness.Conclusions:We showed for the first time the association of a functional polymorphism in MIR124-1 and aggressiveness. Known targets of miR-124 (such as BDNF and DRD4 genes) could explain the effect of this miRNA on behavior. A future analysis of additional novel functional polymorphisms in other brain expressed miRNAs could be useful for a deeper understanding of aggression in humans.
Failure to deactivate medial prefrontal cortex in people at high risk for psychosis
Authors: Falkenberg I. , Chaddock C. , Murray R.M. , McDonald C. , Modinos G. , Bramon E. , Walshe M. , Broome M. , McGuire P. , Allen P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImpaired working memory is a core feature of schizophrenia and is linked with altered engagement the lateral prefrontal cortex. Although altered PFC activation has been reported in people with increased risk of psychosis, at present it is not clear if this neurofunctional alteration differs between familial and clinical risk states and/or increases in line with the level of psychosis risk. We addressed this issue by using functional MRI and a working memory paradigm to study familial and clinical high-risk groups. We recruited 17 subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis, 10 non-affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (familial high risk [FHR]) and 15 healthy controls. Subjects were scanned while performing the N-back working memory task. There was a relationship between the level of task-related deactivation in the medial PFC and precuneus and the level of psychosis risk, with deactivation weakest in the UHR group, greatest in healthy controls, and at an intermediate level in the FHR group. In the high-risk groups, activation in the precuneus was associated with the level of negative symptoms. These data suggest that increased vulnerability to psychosis is associated with a failure to deactivate in the medial PFC and precuneus during a working memory task, and appears to be most evident in subjects at clinical, as opposed to familial high risk.
Double‐blind randomized controlled trial comparing misoprostol and oxytocin for management of the third stage of labor in a Nigerian hospital
Authors: Musa Abdulkarim O. , Ijaiya Munir'deen A. , Saidu Rakiya , Aboyeji Abiodun P. , Jimoh Abiodun A. , Adesina Kikelomo T. , Abdul Ishaq F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of oral misoprostol with that of oxytocin for active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL).MethodsA double‐blind randomized control trial was undertaken at a center in Ilorin, Nigeria, between January and June 2013. Every other eligible patient (in the first stage of labor at term, to have a spontaneous vaginal delivery, and no/low risk of postpartum hemorrhage [PPH]) were randomly assigned with computer‐generated random numbers to receive oral misoprostol (600 μg) plus placebo injection or oral placebo plus oxytocin injection (1 mL of 10 IU) in the third stage of labor. The primary outcome was amount of blood loss during delivery.ResultsMean postpartum blood loss was 325.85 ± 164.72 mL in the 100 patients given misoprostol and 303.95 ± 163.33 mL in the 100 patients given oxytocin (P = 0.391). PPH (≥ 500 mL blood loss) was recorded in 15 (15.0%) patients given misoprostol and 14 (14.0%) given oxytocin (P = 0.841). Shivering, pyrexia, and diarrhea were all significantly more common in the misoprostol group (P < 0.01 for all).ConclusionThe efficacy of oral misoprostol was similar to that of intramuscular oxytocin. Adverse effects associated with misoprostol were transient and self‐limiting. Thus, oral misoprostol is efficacious and a good alternative to oxytocin for AMTSL.Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201407000825227.