bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative immunohistochemical assessment of cutaneous cyclooxygenase‐2 enzyme expression in chronological aging and photoaging
Authors: Habib Mohammed Ahmad , Salem Samar Abdallah M. , Hakim Sarah Adel , Shalan Yahia Ahmad Mostafa 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackground/PurposeSkin aging can be classified into chronological aging and photoaging. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) may be involved in ultraviolet‐induced inflammation, photocarcinogenesis and the aging process. Studies done focused on assessing COX‐2 expression after acute ultraviolet exposure and in photocarcinogenesis. Comparative assessment of COX‐2 expression in chronological aging and photoaging was not previously studied. We aimed to compare COX‐2 expression in chronological aging and photoaging.MethodsSixty participants were included (20 with chronological aging, 20 with photoaging, and 20 non‐skin‐aged contributors as controls). Fitzpatrick skin type and Glogau's photoaging type were assessed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of COX‐2 was done in biopsies from sun‐protected skin in the chronological aging and control groups, and from sun‐exposed skin in the photoaging group.ResultsComparison between each two groups showed a high statistically significant difference, with the highest percentage of mild, moderate and marked expression in the control, chronological aging and photoaging groups, respectively. A high statistically significant positive correlation was found between grading of solar elastosis in the photoaging group and COX‐2 expression parameters.ConclusionCOX‐2 expression is significantly higher in chronologically aged and photoaged skin than the normal young skin. This level of expression is significantly higher in photoaging than in chronological aging. COX‐2 expression is positively related with the degree of solar elastosis in photoaging.
Dasya enomotoi sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Ceramiales), a new large Dasya from Japan
Authors: Yamagishi Yukimasa , Ohta Yusuke , Masuda Michio , Abe Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA new red alga, Dasya enomotoi, is described from Japan. This species is characterized by having a large thallus consisting of an elongated axis and many, radially arranged, polysiphonous branches both of which are heavily corticated and densely covered with numerous, soft monosiphonous filaments. It is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: (i) indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, (ii) the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, (iii) radially arranged adventitious monosiphonous filaments, (iv) three‐celled carpogonial branches, (v) six (sometimes five) tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and (vi) three tetrasporangial cover cells that are not elongated longitudinally and usually not divided transversely. This species may have been identified as D. villosa Harvey by previous investigators in Japan.
Bayesian Non-Parametric Analysis of Multirater Ordinal Data, with Application to Prioritizing Research Goals for Prevention of Suicide
Authors: Savitsky Terrance D. , Dalal Siddhartha R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOur application data are produced from a scalable, on-line expert elicitation process that incorporates hundreds of participating raters to score the importance of research goals for the prevention of suicide with the purpose of informing policy making. We develop a Bayesian formulation for analysis of ordinal multirater data motivated by our application. Our model employs a non-parametric mixture distribution over rater-indexed parameters for a latent continuous response under a Poisson–Dirichlet process mixing measure that allows inference about distinct rater behavioural and learning typologies from realized clusters.
Histologic and immunohistochemical characterization of thymic epithelial tumours in the dog
Authors: Burgess K. E. , DeRegis C. J. , Brown F. S. , Keating J. H. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThymic epithelial tumour (TET) histologic subclassification has not been well described in the veterinary literature as it has in humans. The objective of this study was to identify and describeTETsubtypes in dogs and to determine the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating these subtypes. Samples were reviewed and classified according to a modified World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for human tumours of thymic origin. Signallment, presenting signs, treatment and survival data was collected from medical records. Histologic review confirmed the same subtypes as described in humans. Presence of high stage disease, pleomorphism, mitotic figures and capsular invasion was more common in atypical thymomas and thymic carcinomas than in thymomas.IHCwas performed forGLUT‐1,CD5,CD117andCK8/18; however, this was not useful in classifying the tumours.
Singular values of multiple eta-quotients for ramified primes
Authors: Enge Andreas , Schertz Reinhard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe determine the conditions under which singular values of multiple $\eta $-quotients of square-free level, not necessarily prime to six, yield class invariants; that is, algebraic numbers in ring class fields of imaginary-quadratic number fields. We show that the singular values lie in subfields of the ring class fields of index ${2}^{{k}^{\prime } - 1} $ when ${k}^{\prime } \geq 2$ primes dividing the level are ramified in the imaginary-quadratic field, which leads to faster computations of elliptic curves with prescribed complex multiplication. The result is generalised to singular values of modular functions on ${ X}_{0}^{+ } (p)$ for $p$ prime and ramified.
Computing characters of groups with central subgroups
Authors: Dabbaghian Vahid , Dixon John D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe so-called Burnside–Dixon–Schneider (BDS) method, currently used as the default method of computing character tables in GAP for groups which are not solvable, is often inefficient in dealing with groups with large centres. If $G$ is a finite group with centre $Z$ and $\lambda $ a linear character of $Z$, then we describe a method of computing the set $\mathrm{Irr} (G, \lambda )$ of irreducible characters $\chi $ of $G$ whose restriction ${\chi }_{Z} $ is a multiple of $\lambda $. This modification of the BDS method involves only $\vert \mathrm{Irr} (G, \lambda )\vert $ conjugacy classes of $G$ and so is relatively fast. A generalization of the method can be applied to computation of small sets of characters of groups with a solvable normal subgroup.Supplementary materials are available with this article.
Identification and Characterization of Intestinal Antigen-Presenting Cells Involved in Uptake and Processing of a Nontoxic Recombinant Chimeric Mucosal Immunogen Based on Cholera Toxin Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Minderman Hans , Russell Michael W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntragastric immunization with recombinant chimeric immunogen, SBR-CTA2/B, constructed from the saliva-binding region (SBR) ofStreptococcus mutansantigen AgI/II and the A2/B subunits of cholera toxin (CT) induces salivary and circulating antibodies againstS. mutansthat protect against dental caries. We previously found that SBR-CTA2/B activated dendritic cells (DC) in the Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). To identify the cells involved in the intestinal uptake of SBR-CTA2/B and the initiation of immune responses, mice were immunized intragastrically with fluorescein-labeled SBR-CTA2/B or SBR, and intestinal cells were examined by imaging flow cytometry after fluorescent staining for cell surface markers. SBR-CTA2/B was preferentially taken up by CD103+DC in the PP and by both CD103+and CD11c+DC in intestinal lamina propria (LP), whereas SBR was taken up to a lesser extent by PP CD11c+DC, within 2 to 16 h. By 16 h, CD103+and CD11c+DC containing fluorescein-labeled SBR-CTA2/B were found in MLN and showed upregulation of the chemokine receptor CCR7. Large numbers of SBR-CTA2/B-containing DC were found interacting with CD4+(T helper) cells, which costained for nuclear transcription factors T-bet or RORγt, identifying them as Th1 or Th17 cells. In contrast, SBR-containing CD11c+DC interacted preferentially with GATA3+(Th2) cells. No SBR- or SBR-CTA2/B-containing DC were found interacting with Foxp3+(T regulatory) cells. We conclude that the coupling of SBR to CTA2/B enhances its immunogenicity by promoting uptake by DC in both PP and LP and that these antigen-containing DC migrated to MLN and interacted preferentially with Th1 and Th17 cells to induce active immune responses.
Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Nhu Nguyen Thi Quynh , Heemskerk Dorothee , Thu Do Dang Anh , Chau Tran Thi Hong , Mai Nguyen Thi Hoang , Nghia Ho Dang Trung , Loc Pham Phu , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Merson Laura , Thinh Tran Thi Van , Day Jeremy , Chau Nguyen van Vinh , Wolbers Marcel , Farrar Jeremy , Caws Maxine 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Microbiological confirmation is rare, and treatment is often delayed, increasing mortality and morbidity. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF test was evaluated in a large cohort of patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis. Three hundred seventy-nine patients presenting with suspected tuberculous meningitis to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, between 17 April 2011 and 31 December 2012 were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested by Ziehl-Neelsen smear, mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF. Rifampin (RIF) resistance results by Xpert were confirmed by an MTBDR-Plus line probe assay and all positive cultures were tested by phenotypic MGIT drug susceptibility testing. Overall, 182/379 included patients (48.0%) were diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis. Sensitivities of Xpert, smear, and MGIT culture among patients diagnosed with TBM were 59.3% (108/182 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 51.8 to 66.5%]), 78.6% (143/182 [95% CI, 71.9 to 84.3%]) and 66.5% (121/182 [95% CI, 59.1 to 73.3%]), respectively. There was one false-positive Xpert MTB/RIF test (99.5% specificity). Four cases of RIF resistance (4/109; 3.7%) were identified by Xpert, of which 3 were confirmed to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) TBM and one was culture negative. Xpert MTB/RIF is a rapid and specific test for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. The addition of a vortexing step to sample processing increased sensitivity for confirmed TBM by 20% (
P
= 0.04). Meticulous examination of a smear from a large volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the most sensitive technique but is not practical in most laboratories. The Xpert MTB/RIF represents a significant advance in the early diagnosis of this devastating condition.
Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosed by Analysis of First-Void-Urine Specimens
Authors: Datcu Raluca , Gesink Dionne , Mulvad Gert , Montgomery-Andersen Ruth , Rink Elisabeth , Koch Anders , Ahrens Peter , Jensen Jørgen Skov 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is traditionally diagnosed using vaginal samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BV can be diagnosed from first-void urine (FVU). Self-collected vaginal smears, vaginal swabs, and FVU were obtained from 176 women. BV was diagnosed by Nugent's criteria. The FVU and vaginal swabs were analyzed by quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) for selected vaginal bacteria (
Atopobium vaginae
,
Prevotella
spp.,
Gardnerella vaginalis
, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2,
Eggerthella
-like bacterium, “
Leptotrichia amnionii
,”
Megasphaera
type 1), and all had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of >85%, suggesting good prediction of BV according to the Nugent score. All seven bacteria in FVU were significantly associated with BV in univariate analysis. An accurate diagnosis of BV from urine was obtained in this population by a combination of qPCRs for
Megasphaera
type 1 and
Prevotella
spp. The same two bacteria remained significantly associated with BV in a multivariate model after adjusting for the other five species. There was no statistically significant difference between the sensitivities and specificities of BV diagnosis by molecular methods performed on swabs and FVU samples. A linear regression analysis showed good agreement between bacterial loads from swabs and FVU, but
Prevotella
spp. could be detected in high numbers in a few FVU samples without being present in swabs. This method will allow diagnosis of BV in studies where only urine has been collected and where detection of BV is considered relevant.
Utility of Detection of Telaprevir-Resistant Variants for Prediction of Efficacy of Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Fukushima Taito , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Hara Tasuku , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The clinical usefulness of detecting telaprevir-resistant variants is unclear. Two hundred fifty-two Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b received triple therapy with telaprevir–peginterferon (PEG-IFN)–ribavirin and were evaluated for telaprevir-resistant variants by direct sequencing at baseline and at the time of reelevation of the viral load. An analysis of the entire group indicated that 76% achieved a sustained virological response. Multivariate analysis identified a PEG-IFN dose of <1.3 μg/kg of body weight, an
IL28B
rs8099917 genotype (genotype non-TT), detection of telaprevir-resistant variants of amino acid (aa) 54 at baseline, nonresponse to prior treatment, and a leukocyte count of <5,000/mm
3
as significant pretreatment factors for detection of telaprevir-resistant variants at the time of reelevation of the viral load. In 63 patients who showed nonresponse to prior treatment, a higher proportion of patients with no detected telaprevir-resistant variants at baseline (54%) achieved a sustained virological response than did patients with detected telaprevir-resistant variants at baseline (0%). Furthermore, 2 patients who did not have a sustained virological response from the first course of triple therapy with telaprevir received a second course of triple therapy with telaprevir. These patients achieved a sustained virological response by the second course despite the persistence of very-high-frequency variants (98.1% for V36C) or a history of the emergence of variants (0.2% for R155Q and 0.2% for A156T) by ultradeep sequencing. In conclusion, this study indicates that the presence of telaprevir-resistant variants at the time of reelevation of viral load can be predicted by a combination of host, viral, and treatment factors. The presence of resistant variants at baseline might partly affect treatment efficacy, especially in those with nonresponse to prior treatment.
Ifit2
Deficiency Results in Uncontrolled Neurotropic Coronavirus Replication and Enhanced Encephalitis via Impaired Alpha/Beta Interferon Induction in Macrophages
Authors: Butchi Niranjan B. , Hinton David R. , Stohlman Stephen A. , Kapil Parul , Fensterl Volker , Sen Ganes C. , Bergmann Cornelia C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Type I interferons (IFN-α/β) limit viral dissemination prior to the emergence of adaptive immune responses through the concerted action of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although IFN-α/β induction by coronaviruses is modest, it effectively limits viral spread within the central nervous system (CNS) and protects against mortality. The protective roles of specific ISGs against the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) members of the coronaviruses are largely unknown. This study demonstrates a protective role of the ISG
Ifit2
in encephalitis induced by the dual hepato- and neurotropic MHV-A59. Contrasting the mild encephalitis and 100% survival of MHV-A59-infected wild-type (wt) mice, nearly 60% of infected
Ifit2
−/−
mice exhibited severe encephalitis and succumbed between 6 and 8 days postinfection. Increased clinical disease in
Ifit2
−/−
mice coincided with higher viral loads and enhanced viral spread throughout the CNS parenchyma.
Ifit2
−/−
mice also expressed significantly reduced IFN-α/β and downstream ISG mRNAs
Ifit1
,
Isg15
, and
Pkr
, while expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was only modestly affected in the CNS. Impaired IFN-α/β induction in the absence of
Ifit2
was confirmed by
ex vivo
mRNA analysis of microglia and macrophages, the prominent cell types producing IFN-α/β following MHV CNS infection. Furthermore, both IFN-α/β mRNA and protein production were significantly reduced in MHV-infected
Ifit2
−/−
relative to wt bone marrow-derived macrophages. Collectively, the data implicate Ifit2 as a positive regulator of IFN-α/β expression, rather than direct antiviral mediator, during MHV-induced encephalitis.
Inhibition of Arenavirus by A3, a Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Inhibitor
Authors: Ortiz-Riaño Emilio , Ngo Nhi , Devito Stefanie , Eggink Dirk , Munger Joshua , Shaw Megan L. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Martínez-Sobrido Luis 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Arenaviruses merit significant interest as important human pathogens, since several of them cause severe hemorrhagic fever disease that is associated with high morbidity and significant mortality. Currently, there are no FDA-licensed arenavirus vaccines available, and current antiarenaviral therapy is limited to an off-labeled use of the nucleoside analog ribavirin, which has limited prophylactic efficacy. The pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor A3, which was identified in a high-throughput screen for compounds that blocked influenza virus replication, exhibits a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against negative- and positive-sense RNA viruses, retroviruses, and DNA viruses. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of A3 against representative Old World (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and New World (Junin virus) arenaviruses in rodent, monkey, and human cell lines. We show that A3 is significantly more efficient than ribavirin in controlling arenavirus multiplication and that the A3 inhibitory effect is in part due to its ability to interfere with viral RNA replication and transcription. We document an additive antiarenavirus effect of A3 and ribavirin, supporting the potential combination therapy of ribavirin and pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors for the treatment of arenavirus infections.
The Viral E8^E2C Repressor Limits Productive Replication of Human Papillomavirus 16
Authors: Straub Elke , Dreer Marcel , Fertey Jasmin , Iftner Thomas , Stubenrauch Frank 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Productive replication of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) occurs only in differentiated keratinocyte cells. In addition to the viral E2 activator protein, HPV16 and related HPV types express transcripts coding for an E8^E2C fusion protein, which limits genome replication in undifferentiated keratinocytes. To address E8^E2C's role in productive replication of HPV16, stable keratinocyte cell lines containing wild-type (wt), E8^E2C knockout (E8−), or E8 KWK mutant (mt) genomes, in which conserved E8 residues were inactivated, were established. Copy numbers of E8− and E8 KWK mt genomes and amounts of early and late viral transcripts were greatly increased compared to those for the wt in undifferentiated keratinocytes, suggesting that HPV16 E8^E2C activities are highly dependent upon the E8 part. Upon differentiation in organotypic cultures, E8 mt genomes displayed higher early viral transcript levels, but no changes in cellular differentiation or virus-induced cellular DNA replication in suprabasal cells were observed. E8 mt genomes were amplified to higher copy numbers and showed increased L1 transcripts compared to wt genomes. Furthermore, the number of cells expressing the viral late protein E4 or L1 or amplifying viral genomes was greatly increased in E8 mt cell lines. In wild-type cells, E8^E2C transcript levels did not decrease by differentiation. Our data indicate that the E8^E2C repressor limits viral transcription and replication throughout the complete life cycle of HPV16.
Human Herpesvirus 8 Interleukin-6 Contributes to Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cell Viability via Suppression of Proapoptotic Cathepsin D, a Cointeraction Partner of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex Subunit 1 Variant 2
Authors: Chen Daming , Gao Yang , Nicholas John 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes cell proliferation and survival and is proangiogenic, implicating it as a contributor to virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease. Although predominantly lytically expressed, vIL-6 is also produced at low, functional levels during latency in PEL cells. Unlike other IL-6 cytokines, vIL-6 is secreted very inefficiently and localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER-localized vIL-6 supports PEL cell proliferation and survival, mediated in part through its interaction with the largely uncharacterized ER-resident protein vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 variant 2 (VKORC1v2). Here, we report that the ER-transiting and functionally mitogenic secreted proenzyme (pCatD) form of cathepsin D (mature CatD), a proapoptotic lysosomal aspartate protease, is an interaction partner of VKORC1v2 and that vIL-6 promotes this interaction. Depletion of vIL-6 in PEL cells increased levels of the catalytically active, proteolytically cleaved form of CatD, corresponding with decreased PEL cell viability. Ectopic expression of CatD in PEL cells induced apoptosis, suggesting that CatD suppression by vIL-6 is biologically significant. In the context of high-density culture or reactivation of HHV-8 lytic replication in PEL cells, CatD depletion substantially reduced stress-induced apoptosis and increased virus production. In contrast, CatD overexpression, vIL-6 depletion, and peptide-mediated disruption of vIL-6–VKORC1v2 interaction inhibited replication and cell survival. Combined, our data identify pCatD as an interaction partner of VKORC1v2, demonstrate a role of vIL-6 in CatD suppression via VKORC1v2 in PEL cells, and identify a biologically significant mechanism of vIL-6 prosurvival and proreplication activities via VKORC1v2.