bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VORTEX2 Observations of a Low-Level Mesocyclone with Multiple Internal Rear-Flank Downdraft Momentum Surges in the 18 May 2010 Dumas, Texas, Supercell*
Authors: Skinner Patrick S. , Weiss Christopher C. , French Michael M. , Bluestein Howard B. , Markowski Paul M. , Richardson Yvette P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Observations collected in the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment during a 15-min period of a supercell occurring on 18 May 2010 near Dumas, Texas, are presented. The primary data collection platforms include two Ka-band mobile Doppler radars, which collected a near-surface, short-baseline dual-Doppler dataset within the rear-flank outflow of the Dumas supercell; an X-band, phased-array mobile Doppler radar, which collected volumetric single-Doppler data with high temporal resolution; and in situ thermodynamic and wind observations of a six-probe mobile mesonet.
Rapid evolution of the Dumas supercell was observed, including the development and decay of a low-level mesocyclone and four internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surges. Intensification and upward growth of the low-level mesocyclone were observed during periods when the midlevel mesocyclone was minimally displaced from the low-level circulation, suggesting an upward-directed perturbation pressure gradient force aided in the intensification of low-level rotation. The final three internal RFD momentum surges evolved in a manner consistent with the expected behavior of a dynamically forced occlusion downdraft, developing at the periphery of the low-level mesocyclone during periods when values of low-level cyclonic azimuthal wind shear exceeded values higher aloft. Failure of the low-level mesocyclone to acquire significant vertical depth suggests that dynamic forcing above internal RFD momentum surge gust fronts was insufficient to lift the negatively buoyant air parcels comprising the RFD surges to significant heights. As a result, vertical acceleration and the stretching of vertical vorticity in surge parcels were limited, which likely contributed to tornadogenesis failure.
A Physically Based Precipitation–Nonprecipitation Radar Echo Classifier Using Polarimetric and Environmental Data in a Real-Time National System
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhang Jian , Langston Carrie , Krause John , Howard Kenneth , Lakshmanan Valliappa 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Polarimetric radar observations provide information regarding the shape and size of scatterers in the atmosphere, which help users to differentiate between precipitation and nonprecipitation radar echoes. Identifying and removing nonprecipitation echoes in radar reflectivity fields is one critical step in radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation. An automated algorithm based on reflectivity, correlation coefficient, and temperature data is developed to perform reflectivity data quality control through a set of physically based rules. The algorithm was tested with a large number of real data cases across different geographical regions and seasons and showed a high accuracy (Heidke skill score of 0.83) in segregating precipitation and nonprecipitation echoes. The algorithm was compared with two other operational and experimental reflectivity quality control methodologies and showed a more effective removal of nonprecipitation echoes and a higher computational efficiency. The current methodology also demonstrated a satisfactory performance in a real-time national multiradar and multisensor system.
Inhibition of autophagy enhances the cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA in breast cancer
Authors: Xu Wen-Huan , Liu Zhe-Bin , Hou Yi-Feng , Hong Qi , Hu Da-Li , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
PA-MSHA, a genetically engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) strain, is currently under investigation as a new anti-cancer drug. It can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in different human cancer cells, including hormone receptor negative breast cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of tumor lethality mediated by PA-MSHA remains to be fully investigated.

Methods
The effect of PA-MSHA on human hormone receptor negative breast cancer cells was analyzed by morphological measurement, western blot, cell proliferation assay and mouse xenograft model.

Results
PA-MSHA was found to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in breast cancer cell lines through the IRE1 signaling pathway. Inhibiting autophagy potentiated the cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA while treating breast cancer cell lines. In mouse xenograft model, PA-MSHA produced more pronounced tumor suppression in mice inoculated with IRE1 gene knockdown. MDA-MB-231HM cells.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrated inhibiting autophagy together with PA-MSHA might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating hormone receptor negative breast cancer cells.
Surgicel™ application in intracranial hemorrhage surgery contributed to giant-cell granuloma in a patient with hypertension: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lin Bowen , Yang Hongfa , Cui Mengzhao , Li Ye , Yu Jinlu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Surgicel™ is an oxidized cellulose preparation that is widely applied in neurosurgery due to its hemostatic effect and good tissue compatibility. Tumor-like lesions induced by Surgicel® application in cerebral surgery have been rarely reported, especially for intracranial hemorrhage debridement surgery in patients with hypertension.

Case presentation
This case report describes a rare case in which Surgicel™ application led to a foreign body reaction, contributing to the development of an intracranial giant-cell granuloma. A 49-year-old female hypertensive patient was diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage. She was treated with debridement surgery that employed Surgicel™ application. Although a satisfactory hemostatic effect was achieved, the patient was diagnosed with epilepsy 6 months later. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intracranial space-occupying lesion. After undergoing en bloc resection of the lesion, the patient was diagnosed with a Surgicel™-related intracranial giant-cell granuloma by histopathology.

Conclusions
Application of Surgicel™ during intracranial hemorrhage debridement surgery may be associated with a risk of granuloma development due to formation of a tumor-like space-occupying lesion in the surgery bed. Even a low risk of tumor development implies a need for caution when applying Surgicel™, especially when solely used to achieve a hemostatic effect.
Concave-convex local binary features for automatic target recognition in infrared imagery
Authors: Sun Junding , Fan Guoliang , Yu Liangjiang , Wu Xiaosheng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Abstract
This paper presents a novel feature extraction algorithm based on the local binary features for automatic target recognition (ATR) in infrared imagery. Since the inception of the local binary pattern (LBP) and local ternary pattern (LTP) features, many extensions have been proposed to improve their robustness and performance in a variety of applications. However, most attentions were paid to improve local feature extraction with little consideration on the incorporation of global or regional information. In this work, we propose a new concave-convex partition (CCP) strategy to improve LBP and LTP by dividing local features into two distinct groups, i.e., concave and convex, according to the contrast between local and global intensities. Then two separate histograms built from the two categories are concatenated together to form a new LBP/LTP code that is expected to better reflect both global and local information. Experimental results on standard texture images demonstrate the improved discriminability of the proposed features and those on infrared imagery further show that the proposed features can achieve competitive ATR results compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Understanding factors associated with the translation of cardiovascular research: a multinational case study approach
Authors: Wooding Steven , Hanney Stephen R , Pollitt Alexandra , Grant Jonathan , Buxton Martin J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Funders of health research increasingly seek to understand how best to allocate resources in order to achieve maximum value from their funding. We built an international consortium and developed a multinational case study approach to assess benefits arising from health research. We used that to facilitate analysis of factors in the production of research that might be associated with translating research findings into wider impacts, and the complexities involved.

Methods
We built on the Payback Framework and expanded its application through conducting co-ordinated case studies on the payback from cardiovascular and stroke research in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. We selected a stratified random sample of projects from leading medical research funders. We devised a series of innovative steps to: minimize the effect of researcher bias; rate the level of impacts identified in the case studies; and interrogate case study narratives to identify factors that correlated with achieving high or low levels of impact.

Results
Twenty-nine detailed case studies produced many and diverse impacts. Over the 15 to 20 years examined, basic biomedical research has a greater impact than clinical research in terms of academic impacts such as knowledge production and research capacity building. Clinical research has greater levels of wider impact on health policies, practice, and generating health gains. There was no correlation between knowledge production and wider impacts. We identified various factors associated with high impact. Interaction between researchers and practitioners and the public is associated with achieving high academic impact and translation into wider impacts, as is basic research conducted with a clinical focus. Strategic thinking by clinical researchers, in terms of thinking through pathways by which research could potentially be translated into practice, is associated with high wider impact. Finally, we identified the complexity of factors behind research translation that can arise in a single case.

Conclusions
We can systematically assess research impacts and use the findings to promote translation. Research funders can justify funding research of diverse types, but they should not assume academic impacts are proxies for wider impacts. They should encourage researchers to consider pathways towards impact and engage potential research users in research processes.
Kinetic and equilibrium study of the chromatographic separation of glycine and ammonium
Authors: Jiang Lihua , Liu Huiyuan , Qiu Yongjun , Wang Yaosong , Chen Chaoqin , Wang Qifan , Zhao Liming 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Glycine is extensively applied in the field of food, medicine, agrochemistry, etc. It is usually commercially produced by the chemosynthesis method, which generates large amounts of by-product ammonium chloride.

Methods
In this paper, the separation of glycine and ammonium chloride was performed with chromatographic column, and deionized water as eluent. The adsorption equilibrium constant K of glycine and ammonium chloride was evaluated by frontal analysis. Based on the equilibrium-dispersive model and a linear driving force of chromatography, the overall mass transfer coefficient k

m
, axial dispersion coefficient D

L
, and bed voidage ε

t
of the column were obtained by moment analysis.

Results
At 50°C, the equilibrium constants measured were found to be 0.72 and 0.19 for glycine and ammonium chloride, respectively. At 60°C, the equilibrium constants increased to 0.80 and 0.21 for glycine and ammonium chloride, respectively. The value of axial dispersion coefficient D

L
of glycine had the same order of magnitude with ammonium chloride and was about two times larger than that of ammonium chloride. Their k

m
at 50°C and 60°C were 1.30 and 0.77 and 2.41 and 0.84 min−1 for glycine and ammonium chloride, respectively.

Conclusions
The obtained parameters used to simulate the elution curve and the simulation and experimental results matched well, which showed that the parameters obtained were effective. The results make foundation for further study on large-scale separation of glycine from ammonium chloride by SMB chromatography.
When Does the Devil Make Work? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Workload on Worker Productivity
Authors: Tan Tom Fangyun , Netessine Serguei 
Published: April 2014

We analyze a large, detailed operational data set from a restaurant chain to shed new light on how workload (defined as the number of tables or diners that a server simultaneously handles) affects servers' performance (measured as sales and meal duration). We use an exogenous shock—the implementation of labor scheduling software—and time-lagged instrumental variables to disentangle the endogeneity between demand and supply in this setting. We show that servers strive to maximize sales and speed efforts simultaneously, depending on the relative values of sales and speed. As a result, we find that, when the overall workload is small, servers expend more and more sales efforts with the increase in workload at a cost of slower service speed. However, above a certain workload threshold, servers start to reduce their sales efforts and work more promptly with the further rise in workload. In the focal restaurant chain, we find that this saturation point is currently not reached and, counterintuitively, the chain can reduce the staffing level and achieve both significantly higher sales (an estimated 3% increase) and lower labor costs (an estimated 17% decrease). This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, special issue on business analytics.
Skilled players cooperate less in multi-player games
Authors: Chesney Thomas , Chuah Swee-Hoon , Hoffmann Robert , Hui Wendy , Larner Jeremy 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A naturalistic public good experiment is used to examine whether better players cooperate more or less than others. ‘Better’ is measured by subjects’ accuracy in a team-based shooting game, and cooperation is measured by introducing a public good decision into the game. A data set of 92 subjects was created and results show that better players cooperate significantly less than others. Economic theory is used to explain the result.
Chivalry, subordination and courtship culture: Being a ‘Woman’ in online games
Authors: Linderoth Jonas , Öhrn Elisabet 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Computer and video gaming are social activities, where people with different backgrounds, different nationalities and different ages meet. Research dating back to the early years of online gaming proposed that individual backgrounds were especially irrelevant online and that, consequently, games could be arenas for exploring new identities, gender relations and sexualities. Taking this as a starting point, we report in this article from an interview study. The results confirm that gaming is an activity where the participants’ backgrounds might be largely ignored. This also includes gender insofar as the participants can choose what gender to assume. However, whereas individual online gender (female or male) can be chosen freely, femininity and what it is like to be a woman are represented as being rather rigid. The article explores this tension between the free choice of the female position and its fixed content in relation to assumptions of the transgressive nature of computer gaming.
Re-thinking foundations: Theoretical and methodological challenges (and opportunities) in virtual worlds research
Authors: de Castell Suzanne , Jenson Jennifer , Taylor Nick , Thumlert Kurt 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article identifies a set of persistent methodological and theoretical challenges to research on Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs), and to studies of virtual worlds more generally. Critically examining some of the ontological, epistemological and ethical lacunae and, in some cases, missteps that characterize well-respected, well-publicized and oft-cited research in what is now a prominent field of scholarly enquiry, this discussion addresses the need for firmer theoretical foundations to support more innovative, more rigorous and more accountable studies of digitally re-mediated, MMOG-based work, play and sociality.
Go with the flow: The experience and affective outcomes of solo versus social gameplay
Authors: Kaye Linda K. , Bryce Jo 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study examined the extent to which there are differences in flow experiences and post-gameplay mood states (positive and negative) in solo compared with social digital gaming. This was achieved by obtaining gamers’ (N = 302) retrospective ratings of the experience of flow and post-gameplay mood based on recent solo and social gaming experiences, through the use of an online questionnaire. Positive mood was found to be significantly higher following social (e.g., playing with other players) compared with solo gameplay, suggesting that playing games with others enhances enjoyment of the activity. Different levels of flow in gameplay were also found to be related to positive mood following both solo and social gameplay. There were no observed differences in experiences of flow and post-gameplay mood between online and offline, or competitive and cooperative gaming contexts. The findings suggest that ‘group flow’ may be a useful concept in understanding the dynamics of social gaming as this has not been sufficiently examined in the current digital gaming literature.
A design study of chain reaction: Design thinking on game interaction based on problem-solving situations
Authors: Liao Guan-Ze 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study is aimed at presenting the thinking behind the design of a game and explaining how the author adopts the metaphor/image of CHAIN REACTION to devise the game. The chain reaction referred to in the study suggests a combination of various small components. The entire process of chain reaction consists of various scientific components, such as gear devices and tool modules. The game scenarios are created based on problem-solving situations. The author has developed a game by the name of Creative Gears Lab (Liao 2013), which adopts the assembly of different gear tools and components as operational rules. The key to problem-solving relies on activating the chain reaction formed by various scientific components. The players are then guided to choose correct and suitable triggers to construct gear devices with continuous motivation, and thus, achieve the game’s objective of solving problems. The purpose of this study is to use the procedures suggested in the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model by S. J. Parnes (1967) as the analytical model in order to comprehend the circumstances of game operations during the processes of solving problem and explore the design thinking of game interaction. Future research will be conducted in the manner of narrative interview to further investigate the problem-solving process of elementary school students and explore the characteristics within the operating progress of the game.
Efficient Molecular Marker Design Using the MaizeGDB Mo17 SNPs and Indels Track
Authors: Settles A Mark , Bagadion Alyssa M , Bai Fang , Zhang Junya , Barron Brady , Leach Kristen , Mudunkothge Janaki S , Hoffner Cassandra , Bihmidine Saadia , Finefield Erin , Hibbard Jaime , Dieter Emily , Malidelis I Alex , Gustin Jeffery L , Karoblyte Vita , Tseung Chi-Wah , Braun David M 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Positional cloning in maize (Zea mays) requires development of markers in the region of interest. We found that primers designed to amplify annotated insertion–deletion polymorphisms of seven base pairs or greater between B73 and Mo17 produce polymorphic markers at a 97% frequency with 49% of the products showing co-dominant fragment length polymorphisms. When the same polymorphisms are used to develop markers for B73 and W22 or Mo17 and W22 mapping populations, 22% and 31% of markers are co-dominant, respectively. There are 38,223 Indel polymorphisms that can be converted to markers providing high-density coverage throughout the maize genome. This strategy significantly increases the efficiency of marker development for fine-mapping in maize.
Infections in Prison in Low and Middle Income Countries: Prevalence and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Simooya Oscar O. 
Published: April 2014

Prisoners throughout the world are at a greater risk of infectious diseases compared to communities outside.
Hepatitis C (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) have attracted great attention because of
their potential to cause great morbidity and mortality in prison populations.
However, prisons are not closed worlds. Many people enter and leave prisons every day and many prisoners themselves
stay only a short period in prison and return to their families. Giving prisoners adequate treatment for infectious diseases
is good medical practice and provides public health benefits to the community.
There are several factors that may fuel the highly infectious environment in prisons and include: 1) poor health services;
2) overcrowding and congestion; 3) high risk behaviors; 4) security vs public health concerns and 5) lack of public
empathy for prisoners. This paper looks at the challenge of infectious diseases in prisons in low and middle income
countries (LMICs).
Three percent of the world’s population is infected with HCV but in prisons the prevalence appears to be much higher
ranging from 4% in Indian prisons to 12.3% in prisoners in Nigeria. A review of HIV prevalence in 152 LMICs found
information on HIV prevalence in only 75 (50%) of these countries. HIV prevalence was greater than 10% in prisons in
20 countries. TB infection rates in prison are equally high and may be up to 100 times those outside prison.
Overcrowding is a major problem and non-custodial sentences must be considered in order to decongest prisons.
Furthermore, standard medical treatment and prevention measures for HCV, HIV and TB must be provided to prisoners in
order to reduce the burden of infections in prisons. Linkages between prison health and national health services would go
a long way in addressing the threat of infections to prison populations.
Prisoners go to jail to be punished for offending society and not to get infectious diseases. Health care equivalent to that
found outside prison must be provided to these individuals.
Cutting Edge: Polycomb Gene Expression Patterns Reflect Distinct B Cell Differentiation Stages in Human Germinal Centers
Authors: Raaphorst Frank M. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Fieret Elly , Hamer Karien M. , Satijn David P. E. , Otte Arie P. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Polycomb group (Pc-G) proteins regulate homeotic gene expression in Drosophila, mouse, and humans. Mouse Pc-G proteins are also essential for adult hematopoietic development and contribute to cell cycle regulation. We show that human Pc-G expression patterns correlate with different B cell differentiation stages and that they reflect germinal center (GC) architecture. The transition of resting mantle B cells to rapidly dividing Mib-1(Ki-67)+ follicular centroblasts coincides with loss of BMI-1 and RING1 Pc-G protein detection and appearance of ENX and EED Pc-G protein expression. By contrast, differentiation of centroblasts into centrocytes correlates with reappearance of BMI-1/RING1 and loss of ENX/EED and Mib-1 expression. The mutually exclusive expression of ENX/EED and BMI-1/RING1 reflects the differential composition of two distinct Pc-G complexes. The Pc-G expression profiles in various GC B cell differentiation stages suggest a role for Pc-G proteins in GC development.