bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast asthenosphere motion in high‐resolution global mantle flow models
Authors: Weismüller Jens , Gmeiner Björn , Ghelichkhan Siavash , Huber Markus , John Lorenz , Wohlmuth Barbara , Rüde Ulrich , Bunge Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA variety of geologic observations point to fast upper mantle flow that may exceed plate tectonic velocities by an order of magnitude. At the same time there is mounting evidence from seismology for flow‐like structures in the upper 100–200 km of the mantle. Here we present a set of geodynamic simulations to link these observations. In a synthetic setting, we include asthenospheric channels of varying thickness, with an extreme case of 100 km, and a significant viscosity contrast of up to 4 orders of magnitude relative to the deeper mantle. Using our new global high‐resolution code TERRA‐NEO, we obtain an increase in velocity by a factor of 10 between a 1000 km thick and the very thin channel, translating into velocities of ∼ 20 cm/a within the narrow asthenosphere. We further present and verify a simple Poiseuille flow model, predicting that the upper mantle velocity scales with the inverse of the asthenosphere thickness.
Comparison of fine structures of electron cyclotron harmonic emissions in aurora
Authors: LaBelle J. , Dundek M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent discoveries of higher harmonic cyclotron emissions in aurora occurring under daylight conditions motivated the modification of radio receivers at South Pole Station, Antarctica, to measure fine structure of such emissions during two consecutive austral summers, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. The experiment recorded 347 emission events over 376 days of observation. The seasonal distribution of these events reveals that successively higher harmonics require higher solar zenith angles for occurrence, as expected if they are generated at the matching condition fuh = Nfce, which for higher N requires higher electron densities which are associated with higher solar zenith angles. This result implies that generation of higher harmonics from lower harmonics via wave‐wave processes explains only a minority of events. Detailed examination of 21 cases in which two harmonics occur simultaneously shows that in almost all events the higher harmonic comes from higher altitudes, and only for a small fraction of events is it plausible that the frequencies of the fine structures of the emissions are correlated and in exact integer ratio. This observation puts an upper bound of 15–20% on the fraction of emissions which can be explained by wave‐wave interactions involving Z mode waves at fce and, combined with consideration of source altitudes, puts an upper bound of 75% on the fraction explained by coalescence of Z mode waves at 2fce. Taken together, these results suggest that the dominant mechanism for the higher harmonics is independent generation at the matching points fuh = Nfce and that the wave‐wave interaction mechanisms explain a relatively small fraction of events.
A prototype physical database for passive microwave retrievals of precipitation over the US Southern Great Plains
Authors: Ringerud S. , Kummerow C. D. , Peters‐Lidard C. D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn accurate understanding of the instantaneous, dynamic land surface emissivity is necessary for a physically based, multi‐channel passive microwave precipitation retrieval scheme over land. In an effort to assess the feasibility of the physical approach for land surfaces, a semi‐empirical emissivity model is applied for calculation of the surface component in a test area of the US Southern Great Plains. A physical emissivity model, using land surface model data as input, is used to calculate emissivity at the 10 GHz frequency, combining contributions from the underlying soil and vegetation layers, including the dielectric and roughness effects of each medium. An empirical technique is then applied, based upon a robust set of observed channel covariances, extending the emissivity calculations to all channels. For calculation of the hydrometeor contribution, reflectivity profiles from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR) are utilized along with coincident brightness temperatures (Tbs) from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), and cloud‐resolving model profiles. Ice profiles are modified to be consistent with the higher frequency microwave Tbs. Resulting modeled top of the atmosphere Tbs show correlations to observations of 0.9, biases of 1K or less, root‐mean‐square errors on the order of 5K, and improved agreement over the use of climatological emissivity values. The synthesis of these models and data sets leads to the creation of a simple prototype Tb database that includes both dynamic surface and atmospheric information physically consistent with the land surface model, emissivity model, and atmospheric information.
H1N1 influenza‐associated pneumonia with severe obesity: successful management with awake veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and early respiratory physical therapy
Authors: Kikukawa Tetsuei , Ogura Takayuki , Harasawa Tomofumi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Nakano Minoru 
Published: September 2015

CaseWe report a case of H1N1 influenza‐associated respiratory failure with severe obesity.OutcomeA 54‐year‐old man was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) because of H1N1 influenza‐associated severe respiratory failure. He was severely obese, having a body mass index of 37.2. His respiratory condition remained severe under mechanical ventilation. We started veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation immediately. Awake management was started on ICU Day 6, and the patient's respiratory physical therapy began the following day. His respiratory condition showed excellent improvement immediately following the initiation of respiratory physical therapy. The patient was successfully decannulated on ICU Day 9, and he was discharged from the ICU on Day 11. He was discharged from the hospital with no severe disability on disease Day 60.ConclusionAwake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management with early respiratory physical therapy can be useful in the treatment of morbidly obese patients who present with severe respiratory failure.
Trimethylaluminium: Bindungsverhältnisse nach Ladungs‐ und Stromtopologie
Authors: Stammler Hans‐Georg , Blomeyer Sebastian , Berger Raphael J. F. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDie Ladungsdichteverteilung des dimeren Trimethylaluminiums wurde mittels Hochwinkelröntgenbeugung am Einkristall und quantenchemischen Methoden bestimmt und im Rahmen der “Quantum Theorie of Atoms in Molecules” analysiert. Die Daten können dahingehend interpretiert werden, dass Al2Me6vorherrschend ionisch gebunden ist und deutliche Anzeichen einer topologischen Asymmetrie aufgrund delokalisierter Mehrzentrenbindungen der verbrückenden Al‐C‐Bindungen zeigt. Diese Interpretation wird durch die Ergebnisse von Berechnungen magnetischer Ansprechströme gestützt. Die Befunde werfen ein neues Licht auf die für diese organometallische Grundchemikalie bisher widersprüchlich interpretierte Bindungssituation.
Synthesis of Chiral Pyrazoles: A 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition/[1,5] Sigmatropic Rearrangement with Stereoretentive Migration of a Stereogenic Group
Authors: Pérez‐Aguilar M. Carmen , Valdés Carlos 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reactions between terminal alkynes and α‐chiral tosylhydrazones lead to the obtention of chiral pyrazoles with a stereogenic group directly attached at a nitrogen atom. The cascade reaction includes decomposition of the hydrazone into a diazocompound, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the diazo compound with the alkyne, and [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement with migration of the stereogenic group. This strategy has been successfully applied to the synthesis of structurally diverse chiral pyrazoles through α‐chiral tosylhydrazones, obtained from α‐phenylpropionic acid, α‐amino acids, and 2‐methoxycyclohexanone. Notably, the stereoretention of the [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangements represent very rare examples of this stereospecific transformation.
Preparation and characterization of Ni2(mal)2(bpy) homochiral MOF membrane
Authors: Li Qianqian , Liu Gongping , Huang Kang , Duan Jingui , Jin Wanqin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs an important subclass of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), homochiral MOFs show special ability of asymmetric catalysis and enantioselective separation via the open chiral channels or cavities. A new homochiral MOF membrane [Ni2(mal)2(bpy)]•2H2O (Ni‐MB) was synthesized by a secondary growth technique, in which high energy ball milling was employed to prepare nanosized MOF seeds, and their synthesis condition were optimized. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to measure physicochemical properties of the MOF crystals and membranes. In particular, the homochiral MOF membranes were characterized by nano‐indentation/scratch technique with high‐resolution mechanical property analysis. The SEM results indicated that the membrane was continuous and integrated without observable defects; the permeation measurements of single gas show that the permeate flux of nitrogen was independent on the transmembrane pressure, further confirming the absence of macroporous defects in the as‐prepared chiral MOF membranes. It is expected that the proposed chiral MOF membrane can be potentially applied to enantioselective separation in the future. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 2014 War on Gaza: engineering trauma and mass torture to break Palestinian resilience
Authors: Shehadeh Said 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the psychological sequelae of the recent Israeli war on Gaza, codenamed Operation Protective Edge, and its detrimental impact on the mental health of its Palestinian population. The author contends that deliberate measures by the Israeli military to induce feelings of helplessness, uncontrollability, horror, persistent life‐threatening fear, and sleep deprivation against an entire besieged population for 50‐days, constitutes mass torture. This policy of engineering mass trauma and torture through war to achieve political subjugation is framed as a paradigm shift in the Israeli colonial occupation of Palestine. Ramifications of this policy are discussed with regard to its potentially caustic effects on Palestinian resilience, and the serious mental health risks it poses, including complex traumatic reactions, identity distortions, severe psychopathology, and multigenerational transmission of trauma. Recommendations emphasize the need to fortify Palestinian resilience to protect individuals and communities from political violence and further mass trauma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breakable and Unbreakable Silences: Implicit Dehumanization and Anti‐Arab Prejudice in Israeli Soldiers’ Narratives Concerning Palestinian Women
Authors: Cohen Shuki J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper illustrates an empirical paradigm for a minimally‐biased characterization of the internal representations of female enemy members by male soldiers in the context of a military occupation. Using a combination of psycholinguistic and psychoanalytic tools, the study examined the associative structure of the language that was used by Israeli ex‐soldiers in a large corpus of verbatim testimonies detailing their service in the Palestinian occupied territories. Since explicit dehumanization is rare in Israeli official discourse and in media‐ and political correctness‐savvy occupying forces worldwide, this study examined implicit dehumanization through the non‐conscious use of spontaneous linguistic choices. Using both computerized and quantitative linguistic analyses, this study tracked a particular pattern or word choice, presumed to capture implicit dehumanization based on a trans‐disciplinary definition of the construct. Furthermore, to mitigate the potential confound between fear of the enemy and its dehumanization, this study focused on anecdotes concerning Palestinian women, as they pose less realistic threat to Israeli soldiers. Consistent with this study's formulation of implicit dehumanization, Israeli soldiers tended to describe Palestinian women's mental state in situational and behavioral terms (e.g. scream, make a mess, piss her pants, had a heart attack, etc.). In contrast, empathic inference – whereby the narrator extends their emotional understanding of themselves and other humans to the person whose emotional state they attempt to describe or understand – was often reserved in the testimonials only to the narrator and his fellow comrades. This evidence for implicit dehumanization is then discussed as a borderline‐level defense mechanism within the larger context of both individual‐ and national‐level anti‐Arab prejudice in Israel. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic two-stage hepatectomy for bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Fuks D , Nomi T , Ogiso S , Gelli M , Velayutham V , Conrad C , Louvet C , Gayet B 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Despite the gradual diffusion of laparoscopic liver resection, the feasibility and results of laparoscopic two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) for bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have not been described frequently. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic TSH for bilobar CRLM.

Methods
All patients eligible for laparoscopic TSH among those treated for bilobar CRLM from 2000 to 2013 were included. Demographics, tumour characteristics, surgical procedures, and short- and long-term outcomes were analysed.

Results
Laparoscopic TSH was planned in 34 patients with bilobar CRLM, representing 17·2 per cent of all 198 patients treated for bilobar CRLM. Thirty patients received preoperative chemotherapy, and 20 had portal vein occlusion to increase the volume of the remnant liver. Laparoscopic resection of the primary colorectal tumour was integrated within the first-stage hepatectomy in 11 patients. After a median interval of 3·1 months, 26 patients subsequently had a successful laparoscopic second-stage hepatectomy, including 18 laparoscopic right or extended right hepatectomies. The mortality rate for both stages was 3 per cent (1 of 34), and the overall morbidity rate for the first and second stages was 50 per cent (17 of 34) and 54 per cent (14 of 26) respectively. Mean length of hospital stay was 6·1 and 9·0 days respectively. With a median follow-up of 37·8 (range 6–129) months, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates in patients who completed TSH were 78 and 41 per cent respectively. The 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 26 and 13 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic TSH for bilobar CRLM is safe and does not jeopardize long-term outcomes in selected patients.
Variations in chemical fingerprints and major flavonoid contents from the leaves of thirty‐one accessions of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: Wang Jin , Cao Xianshuang , Ferchaud Vanessa , Qi Yadong , Jiang Hao , Tang Feng , Yue Yongde , Chin Kit L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. have been used as traditional folk medicines for treating high blood pressure and fever. There are many accessions of H. sabdariffa L. throughout the world. To assess the chemical variations of 31 different accessions of H. sabdariffa L., fingerprinting analysis and quantitation of major flavonoids were performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability and accuracy. A quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS) was applied for the characterization of major compounds. A total of 9 compounds were identified, including 6 flavonoids and 3 phenolic acids. In the fingerprint analysis, similarity analysis (SA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to differentiate the 31 accessions of H. sabdariffa L. Based on the results of PCA and SA, the samples No. 15 and 19 appeared much different from the main group. The total content of five flavonoids varied greatly among different accessions, ranging from 3.35 to 23.30 mg/g. Rutin was found to be the dominant compound and the content of rutin could contribute to chemical variations among different accessions. This study was helpful to understand the chemical variations between different accessions of H. sabdariffa L., which could be used for quality control. © 2015 The Authors Biomedical Chromatography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A New Statistical Parameter for Identifying the Main Transition Velocities in Bubble Columns*
Authors: Nedeltchev Stoyan , Rabha Swapna , Hampel Uwe , Schubert Markus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe identification of the main flow regime boundaries in bubble columns is essential since the degrees of mixing and mass and heat transfer vary with the flow regime. In this work, a new statistical parameter was extracted from the time series of the cross‐sectional averaged gas holdup. The measurements were performed in bubble columns by means of conductivity wire‐mesh sensors at very high sampling frequency. The columns were operated with an air/deionized water system under ambient conditions. As a flow regime indicator, a new dimensionless statistical parameter called “relative maximum number of visits in a region” was introduced. This new parameter is a function of the difference between the maximum numbers of visits in a region, calculated from two different division schemes of the signal range.
Anchoring of Gold Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide and Noncovalent Interactions with Porphyrinoids
Authors: Andrade Suzana M. , Bueno‐Alejo Carlos J. , Serra Vanda V. , Rodrigues João M. M. , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Viana Ana S. , Costa Sílvia M. B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe interaction of tetrasulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AlPcS4) and meso‐tetraarylporphyrin monosubstituted with poly‐l‐lysine (MM‐PLL), with graphene oxide (GO) is studied in aqueous solution using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The study is also performed in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) grown on the surface of GO using a sonochemical method. The strong quenching of the porphyrin luminescence demonstrates the important interactions between the excited state of the molecule with GO which are absent in the case of the phthalocyanine. However, in the presence of AuNP@GO hybrid a concomitant increase of the phthalocyanine fluorescence intensity takes place together with a decrease of the fluorescence lifetimes involving a surface plasmon coupling effect. The latter is overcome in case of MM‐PLL due to stronger interactions with GO, and is corroborated for deposited samples using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These new nanostructures are thus expected to have selective sensing abilities.
Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of the Investigational Agent Orteronel (TAK‐700) in Healthy Male Subjects: A Phase 1, Open‐Label, Single‐Dose Study
Authors: Suri Ajit , Pusalkar Sandeepraj , Li Yuexian , Prakash Shimoga 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the absorption, distribution, and excretion of orteronel, an investigational, nonsteroidal, reversible, selective 17,20‐lyase inhibitor. Six healthy male subjects received a single 400‐mg dose of radiolabeled [14C]‐orteronel (18.5 kBq). The pharmacokinetics of [14C]‐radioactivity, orteronel, and the primary metabolite M‐I were characterized by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and mass balance recovery of [14C]‐radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting and accelerator mass spectrometry. Median time to maximum observed concentration of [14C]‐radioactivity was 2.5 hours (plasma/whole blood) and of orteronel was 1 hour (plasma). Mean terminal half‐life for [14C]‐radioactivity in plasma and whole blood was 9.46 and 7.39 hours, respectively. For [14C]‐radioactivity, the geometric mean whole blood–to–plasma ratios for maximum observed plasma/whole‐blood concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–last), and AUC0–inf (AUC from time 0 to infinity) were 1.04, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. Dose recovery accounted for 95.9% of the administered orteronel dose; the majority of excretion occurred by 96 hours postdose. The principal excretion route was via urine (mean, 77.5%; including 49.7% unchanged drug and 16.3% M‐I) compared with 18.4% via feces. Three mild adverse events were reported; none were considered serious or related to orteronel.
The Effect of the Scattering Layer in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Employing a Cobalt‐Based Aqueous Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Xiang Wanchun , Chen Dehong , Caruso Rachel A. , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Bach Udo , Spiccia Leone 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe developed an aqueous gel electrolyte based on the [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) redox mediator for use in n‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells. Application of this electrolyte in combination with titania nanoparticle‐based photoanodes and mesoporous titania bead scattering layers resulted in devices with efficiencies of 4.1 % under simulated AM 1.5 sunlight, compared with 3.5 % for devices using scattering layers made from a commercial paste. This difference was largely a result of a 25 % improvement in the short‐circuit current density and was ascribed to lower diffusion resistance for the gel electrolyte within mesoporous TiO2 beads, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Transient photocurrent measurements identified mass‐diffusion problems for DSCs employing the commercial TiO2 paste. Moreover, under continuous 1 sun illumination, the devices based on an aqueous gel electrolyte displayed higher stability relative to those assembled with the corresponding liquid electrolyte.
A Methyl‐Substituted Thiophene–Tetra­thiafulvalene Donor and Its Salts
Authors: Silva Rafaela A. L. , Santos Isabel C. , Lopes Elsa B. , Rabaça Sandra , Galindo Sergi , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Rovira Concepció , Almeida Manuel , Belo Dulce 
Published: September 2015

Abstractα‐Methyldithiophene–tetrathiafulvalene (α‐mDT‐TTF), the first alkyl‐substituted thiophene–tetrathiafulvalene electronic donor, and some of its charge‐transfer salts were explored. The crystal structure of α‐mDT‐TTF is composed of molecular stacks aligned parallel to each other. Its cyclic voltammetry shows higher electron‐donor ability than the unsubstituted analogue. This material was employed as a semiconductor in an organic field‐effect transistor and showed a mobility of 4 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. Two charge‐transfer salts of this donor with [M(mnt)2]– anions (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate), M = Co and Au, were obtained by electrocrystallization; they present unusual stoichiometries: (α‐mDT‐TTF)[Co(mnt)2] and (α‐mDT‐TTF)3[Au(mnt)2]2. In the cobalt compound, the donor molecules are fully oxidized and the Co complex is dimerized; it presents semiconducting behavior (7 × 10–3 S cm–1). The gold compound is composed of alternating stacks of donor trimers and pairs of anions.
Investigation into the Chemistry of Highly Substituted [(Aminocyclopropyl)methyl]alk­oxyamines (3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes)
Authors: Hauck Stefan , Kuepfert Michael , Schoening Kai‐Uwe 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEnamines prepared from N‐alkoxy‐4‐oxo‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethylpiperidines were selectively chlorinated in the allyl position and subsequently transformed into bicyclic [(aminocyclopropyl)methyl]alkoxyamines by reaction with various nucleophiles. The products were formed, supposedly via iminium intermediates, in reasonable to high yields, possessing varying degrees of hydrolytic stability. Structural elucidation by NMR spectroscopy strongly suggested an endo position of the amine substituent. The obtained, highly functionalized alkoxyamines could be of interest as polymer additives or biologically active intermediates.