bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the surface damage of X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) tool steel at room temperature and 600 °C
Authors: Shah M. , Mabru C. , Rezaï‐Aria F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA novel approach is used to characterise the surface damage of AISI H11 hot work tool steel. The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) experiments on thin specimens, considered representative of the surface of tool steels, are carried out. Single edge notched tension specimens of 8 mm width and different thicknesses are used in the study. Initially, the effect of thickness (scale) on the FCGR is investigated to establish if there exists a difference between bulk and near surface properties of the tool steel. Then, the effect of R value on the thin specimens is investigated. All the experiments are carried out at room temperature and 600 °C. These temperatures represent the limits of use of this steel. Paris curves are established. Effect of R ratio on the threshold value of propagation at elevated temperatures is investigated in detail. A special ascending ΔK experiment for establishing the threshold of propagation at elevated temperatures in small specimens is proposed, and the results are presented. The increase in R ratio increases the FCGR at low temperature, while it has no effect at 600 °C. A reduction in thickness shows a reduction in the FCGR. Increase in temperature increases the FCGR and dramatically increases the threshold of crack propagation. The sharp increase in threshold value is studied in detail. Scanning electron microscopy of the specimens is performed to explain some of the characteristics observed in the specimen testing.
Size independent fracture energy evaluation for plain cement concrete
Authors: Trivedi N. , Singh R. K. , Chattopadhyay J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe present work deals with the investigation of a robust analytical scheme to assess the size‐independent fracture energy of concrete. The study involves the numerical modelling of three‐point bend (TPB) concrete beams that are geometrically similar, having constant length to depth ratio with varying range of notch to depth (a/W) ratios. The unique nonlinear behaviour of concrete 1material is incorporated through fracture energy‐based strain‐softening model in the finite‐element numerical simulation. The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM) fracture energy values are evaluated through numerical simulation of several set of experimentally observed load‐load line displacement response. The RILEM fracture energy values associated with geometrically similar beams have been utilised to develop a methodology for assessment of the size‐independent fracture energy of concrete. The numerically predicted and experimentally evaluated size‐independent fracture energy using the RILEM fracture energy values are found to be in close agreement.
Effect of resistance training using bodyweight in the elderly: Comparison of resistance exercise movement between slow and normal speed movement
Authors: Watanabe Yuya , Tanimoto Michiya , Oba Naoko , Sanada Kiyoshi , Miyachi Motohiko , Ishii Naokata 
Published: January 2015

AimThe present study investigated whether a slow movement protocol can be applied to resistance training using bodyweight. In addition, the intervention program combined plyometric exercise with resistance exercise to improve physical function overall.MethodsA total of 39 active elderly adults participated in a 16‐week intervention. The program consisted of five resistance exercises and four plyometric exercises using their own bodyweight with a single set for each exercise. Participants were assigned to one of two experimental groups. One group carried out resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (3‐s concentric, 3‐s eccentric and 1‐s isometric actions with no rest between each repetition). The other group as a movement comparison followed the same regimen, but at normal speed (1‐s eccentric and 1‐s concentric actions with 1‐s rest between each repetition). Muscle size, strength and physical function were measured before and after the intervention period.ResultsAfter the intervention, strengths of upper and lower limbs, and maximum leg extensor power were significantly improved in both groups. Muscle size did not change in either group. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters between groups.ConclusionsThe intervention program using only own bodyweight that comprised resistance exercise with slow movement and plyometric exercise can improve physical function in the elderly, even with single sets for each exercise. However, there was no enhanced muscle hypertrophic effect. Further attempts, such as increasing performing multiple sets, would be required to induce muscle hypertrophy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1270–1277.
Survival benefits of post‐acute care for older patients with hip fractures in Taiwan: A 5‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Li‐Ning , Chen Wei‐Ming , Chen Cheng‐Fong , Huang Ching‐Kuei , Lee Wei‐Ju , Chen Liang‐Kung 
Published: January 2015

AimTo evaluate the survival benefits of different models of post‐acute care (PAC) services for older patients with hip fractures in TaiwanMethodsThis was a prospective cohort study that recruited elderly patients with hip fractures receiving surgical treatment from 2007 to 2009 for study. All patients were provided home‐based PAC, institution‐based PAC or conventional home care (CHC) based on their capacity of family care resources. Functional status and survival status was followed for 4 years.ResultsOverall, 453 hip fracture patients (mean age 81.9 ± 6.8 years, 58.8% men) were recruited for the present study. Among them, 29.4% (133/453) patients received home‐based PAC, 25.6% (116/453) patients received institution‐based PAC and 45.0% (204/453) received CHC. During follow up, 28.9% (131/453) died within the mean of 940.3 ± 453.40 days. Adjusted for age, sex, living status, visual acuity, mood status, previous fall history, and prefracture activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), ADL fully recovered patients were significantly more likely to survive in the 4‐year follow up (HR 2.791, P = 0.01, 95% CI 1.261–6.149). Patients receiving either home‐ or institution‐based PAC had better survival than the CHC group after adjustment for age, sex, living status, visual acuity, mood status, previous fall history, prefracture ADL and IADL (HR 0.486, P = 0.008, 95% CI 0.284–0.832 for home‐based PAC; HR 0.546, P = 0.036, 95% CI 0.311–0.960 for institution‐based PAC).ConclusionsPAC services were of great survival benefit for elderly hip fracture patients, and the home‐based model was more likely to achieve complete functional recovery, which was important for long‐term survival. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 28–36.
Factors associated with deterioration of self‐rated chewing ability among adults aged 60 years and older over a 6‐year period
Authors: Gellacic Alzira Sueli , Teixeira Doralice SC , Antunes José Leopoldo F , Narvai Paulo Capel , Lebrão Maria Lúcia , Frazão Paulo 
Published: January 2015

AimTo assess factors associated with the deterioration of self‐rated chewing ability among adults aged 60 years and older over a 6‐year period.MethodsWe carried out a case–control study nested in a cohort involving 890 individuals living in the city of Sao Paulo from 2000 to 2006. The outcome was the reduction of self‐rated chewing ability. Covariates on demographic, socioeconomic, behavior, cognitive, and functional and physical status variables were investigated. Simple and multiple analyses were carried out using unconditional logistic regression with hierarchical selection of variables.ResultsWe analyzed 236 cases and 654 controls. In the unadjusted assessment, the reduction of self‐rated chewing ability was associated with being aged older than 74 years, widowed, low schooling/income, not having a microwave oven or a car, physical inactivity, poor/regular self‐rated health, to feel disgusted, poor/regular self‐rated memory, one or more compromised daily life activities, dependence for daily life activities and to report less than half of teeth. Older adults aged older than 74 years and widowers had twice the odds of the outcome in the final model. Adjusted for demographic variables, individuals with lower income showed a similar increase of odds (OR 2.06 95% CI 1.31–3.23). To report poor/regular memory (OR 1.85 95% CI 1.28–2.67) and less than half remaining teeth (OR 1.76 95%CI 1.06–2.93) were significant factors in the adjusted model.ConclusionAdvanced age, low income, widowhood, poor/regular memory and less than half remaining teeth were important risk indicators for the reduction of self‐rated chewing ability among individuals aged 60 years or older. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 46–54.
Attenuated phagocytosis of secondary necrotic neutrophils by macrophages in aged and SMP30 knockout mice
Authors: Takahashi Rei , Totsuka Sayuri , Ishigami Akihito , Kobayashi Yoshiro , Nagata Kisaburo 
Published: January 2015

AimSecondary necrotic cells generated in vivo induce inflammatory responses; for example, the production of macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2) and subsequent infiltration of neutrophils. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of aging on the phagocytosis of secondary necrotic cells and the inflammatory responses by using either wild‐type (WT) young mice, WT aged mice or senescence‐accelerated mice (SMP30−/− mice).MethodsThe phagocytosis of secondary necrotic neutrophils with resident macrophage from either WT young mice, WT aged mice or SMP30−/− mice was examined by coculturing macrophages with secondary necrotic neutrophils in vitro. To investigate the inflammatory response induced by secondary necrotic cells, time‐dependent infiltration of neutrophils and production of MIP‐2 were determined in the peritoneal cavity on the injection of secondary necrotic cells.ResultsThe phagocytosis of secondary necrotic cells by macrophages from WT aged and SMP30−/− mice was significantly reduced as compared with that by macrophages from WT young mice. On peritoneal injection of secondary necrotic cells, the peak time of neutrophil infiltration was earlier in SMP30−/− mice than in WT young mice. The number of neutrophils in SMP30−/− mice at the peak time was also greater than that in WT young mice.ConclusionsOur findings showed that the phagocytosis of secondary necrotic cells was attenuated in aged mice and SMP30−/− mice, and that the MIP‐2 production was enhanced and subsequently neutrophil infiltration was exaggerated on peritoneal injection of secondary necrotic cells into those mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 135–142.
Survey on the use of health consultation services provided in a Japanese urban public housing area with a high elderly population
Authors: Fukui Sakiko , Otoguro Chizuru , Ishikawa Takako , Fujita Junko 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine how the elderly in an urban public housing area intends to utilize health consultation services.MethodsIn December 2011, a cross‐sectional posting survey was carried out on 2000 randomly selected elderly residents in an urban public housing area in Japan. The survey included information on the intention of use of health consultation services provided in the community, demographic background, living situation, medical and social care situation, and the concerns and desires about the services.ResultsWe received 553 responses from the survey. Of the 534 responders who had never used the service, 150 (28.1%) intended to use, 313 (58.6%) were undecided and 71 (13.3%) expressed having no intention to use. Binominal logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who intended to use it tended to have the following features: aged ≥70 years (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.41–3.93), resident of the complex for <10 years (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.15–3.27), low sense of well‐being (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.03–13.26), family‐related stress (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01–2.93), outpatient of internal medicine (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.10–2.75), outpatient of cancer treatment (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.15–5.77), history of unpleasant medical experience (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.03–2.73), desire for a free health consultation (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07–3.04), desiring to consult about diseases (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.27–3.18) and desiring to consult about caregiving (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.56).ConclusionApproximately 30% of residents had the intention of using the health consultation services provided in the community. The people who were more likely to use the services tended to have more intensive consultation support. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 81–88.
Celecoxib vs Prednisone for the Treatment of Withdrawal Headache in Patients With Medication Overuse Headache: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Taghdiri Foad , Togha Mansoureh , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh , Paknejad Seyed Mohammad Hassan 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of celecoxib for treatment of withdrawal headache vs prednisone in patients with medication overuse headache (MOH).MethodsIn this prospective, double‐blind, parallel‐group clinical trial, 97 consecutive subjects with MOH were randomized (simple randomization using computer‐generated numbers) for treatment with either 400 mg/day celecoxib (for the first 5 days then decreased at a rate of 100 mg every 5 days) or prednisone 75 mg/day orally (for the first 5 days then tapered off every 5 days). Subjects who met the International Headache Society criteria for MOH were included in the trial. The change in headache days and intake of rescue medication were considered as primary outcomes while the change in headache severity defined as a secondary outcome.ResultsPatients treated with celecoxib experienced lower headache intensity during the first 3 weeks after withdrawal (after 3 weeks, the median of visual analog scale was 3 for patients in celecoxib group vs 4.5 for prednisone group [P < .001]). However, headache frequency and the need for rescue medication intake were not different between 2 groups.ConclusionDuring withdrawal in MOH, in order to reduce headache days or rescue medication intake, using either of celecoxib or prednisone as a bridge is not different.
Tooth bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and nano‐hydroxyapatite: a 9‐month follow‐up randomized clinical trial
Authors: Vano M , Derchi G , Barone A , Genovesi A , Covani U 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the amount of tooth colour change, rebound rate and tooth sensitivity in patients submitted to a bleaching technique with 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without 2% nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA).MethodsSixty subjects were included in this examiner‐blinded, randomized clinical trial using a 6% HP gel with or without 2% n‐HA. Tooth colour and tooth sensitivity were analysed before and after treatment. All data were analysed statistically.ResultsAfter bleaching, both treatments demonstrated significant improvements in tooth shade (P < 0.05 for both groups). At the 9‐month recall, tooth shade remained significantly lighter than at baseline (P < 0.05 for both groups). However, a relapse of the tooth shade was observed compared with the immediate post‐bleaching result (P < 0.05). 6% HP with 2% n‐HA produced significantly lower sensitivity (P < 0.05) than the bleaching product without n‐HA. Colour change evaluation resulted in no difference between the two groups.ConclusionBoth treatments demonstrated significant improvements in tooth shade. The bleaching effectiveness of the tested products was comparable. The use of 6% HP with 2% n‐HA reduced the incidence of sensitivity during the bleaching treatment compared to a bleaching agent that did not contain n‐HA.
Long‐term results of the use of oxybutynin for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Wolosker Nelson , Teivelis Marcelo P. , Krutman Mariana , de Paula Rafael P. , Kauffman Paulo , de Campos José R. M. , Puech‐Leão Pedro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPlantar hyperhidrosis is a common illness with significant impact on quality of life. Oxybutynin presents good short‐term results, but longer follow‐up results are lacking. We evaluated oxybutynin effectiveness in patients who were not surgically treated and who had at least six months of follow‐up.MethodsFrom September 2007 to September 2013, 85 consecutive patients were enrolled in our institutional protocol for the “pharmacological‐first” treatment of primary plantar hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin. Eight patients were lost to follow‐up, 15 patients have not yet been under treatment for six months, and data were available for 39 patients (all female) treated for at least six months. Data at the start of the protocol, six weeks after beginning treatment, and at their final visit were analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐three of the 77 patients (29.87%) did not improve after pharmacological therapy. From the 39 patients with more than six months of follow‐up (median 16.9 months, range 9–71), 79.5% reported moderate/great improvement in excessive plantar sweating after six weeks of treatment, and this rate increased to 84.7% in the last follow‐up visit; 82.85% showed improvement in other sites presenting hyperhidrosis. Dry mouth was the most common side effect; 51.6% of patients reported it to be moderate/severe at the last visit.ConclusionIn patients with good initial response to oxybutynin, more than 82% presented moderate or great improvement in plantar and other sites' excessive sweating; dry mouth was the most common side effect but was tolerable and did not lead any patient to interrupt treatment.
Changes during storage of dried Moringa oleifera leaves prepared by heat pump‐assisted dehumidified air drying
Authors: Potisate Yuparat , Kerr William L. , Phoungchandang Singhanat 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMoringa oleifera leaves contain phytochemicals that are retained during heat pump‐assisted dehumidified air drying. Changes in phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity and colour were evaluated at 15–35 °C, during storage of dried leaves in polypropylene (PP) or high barrier (PET/Al/PE) packaging for up to 6 months. The aw of samples in PP increased from 0.373 to 0.669. Decreases in total phenolics were greatest at 35 °C in PP (48%) and least at 15 °C in PET/Al/PE (19%). There were few significant changes in DPPH inhibition after 2 months storage. There was little change in kaempferol and some increase in quercetin. During storage, samples became less green, suggesting breakdown in chlorophyll had occurred. The degradation of flavonoids followed first‐order kinetics. The half‐life for total flavonoids ranged from 2.13 to 1.47 months for samples stored in PP and from 2.59 to 1.83 months for samples stored in PET/Al/PE.
From wheat sourdough to gluten‐free sourdough: a non‐conventional process for producing gluten‐free bread
Authors: Marti Alessandra , Bottega Gabriella , Franzetti Laura , Morandin Francesca , Quaglia Lucio , Pagani Maria Ambrogina 
Published: January 2015

SummaryGluten‐free (GF) sourdough was prepared from wheat sourdough and analysed both in fresh (GFS) and dried forms (DGFS). The gluten content in each GF sourdough sample was <20 mg kg−1. The dough leavening capacity and the properties of the bread samples were investigated and compared to those of bread prepared using bakery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Two commercial rice‐based mixtures (different for the presence/absence of buckwheat flour) were used to prepare bread samples. In GFS, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were found in amounts corresponding to 108 and 107 CFU g−1, respectively, whereas both LAB and yeasts were detected in lower amounts (about 106 CFU g−1) in DGFS. When used in bread‐making, both GFS types produced significant dough acidification and exhibited good dough development during proofing, resulting in loaves with specific volume values between 3.00 and 4.12 mL g−1, values similar to those obtained for reference bread (3.05÷4.15 mL g−1). The use of GFS was effective in lowering the bread staling rate during storage for up to 7 days.
Thermosonication: a potential technique that influences the quality of grapefruit juice
Authors: Aadil Rana Muhammad , Zeng Xin‐An , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Wang Man‐Sheng , Han Zhong , Jing Hong , Jabbar Saqib 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThermosonication (TS) is an emerging nonthermal processing technique used for the liquid food preservation and is employed to improve the quality and acceptability of grapefruit juice. In this study, fresh grapefruit juice samples were subjected to TS treatment in an ultrasonic cleaner with different processing variables, including temperature (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C), frequency (28 kHz), power (70%, 420 W) and processing time (30 and 60 min) for bioactive compounds, inactivation of enzymes pectin methylesterase (PME), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenolase (PPO) and micro‐organisms (total plate count, yeasts and moulds). The micro‐organism activity was completely inactivated in the treatment (60 °C for 60 min). The TS treatment at 60 °C for 60 min exposure reduced PME, PPO and POD activity by 91%, 90% and 89%, respectively. Results indicate that the advantages of TS for grapefruit juice processing at low temperature could enhance the inactivation of enzymes and micro‐organisms and it can be used as a potential technique to obtain better results as compared to alone.
Labour inspection in contemporary China: Like the Anglo‐Saxon model, but different
Authors: ZHUANG Wenjia , NGOK Kinglun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe authors examine the lack of enforcement of China's increasing body of labour legislation, showing how, since the 1980s, the country's labour inspection system has evolved into a system resembling the Anglo‐Saxon model – characterized by fragmentation and reactive regulatory practices – but with highly selective and non‐coercive state enforcement. This “hybrid” labour inspection model stems from the combination of neoliberal reforms with the Leninist legacy of the authoritarian regime. More effective enforcement of labour law would, the authors suggest, require greater tripartite cooperation and social dialogue in the regulatory process, and the involvement of an independently organized industrial labour force.
The politics of labour legislation in southern China: How foreign chambers of commerce and government agencies influence collective bargaining laws
Authors: HUI Elaine Sio‐ieng , CHAN Chris King‐Chi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn 2010, labour protests spread across China, sparked by the Honda workers' strike. Hoping to pacify the aggrieved workers, the Shenzhen and Guangdong governments resumed discussion of the suspended draft Shenzhen Collective Consultation Ordinance and the Guangdong Regulations on the Democratic Management of Enterprises. However, following strong opposition from foreign chambers of commerce, discussion was once again suspended. The authors show that two factors determine how foreign chambers of commerce and government agencies influence labour legislation in southern China: the position in global production chains of the firms they represent, and the relevant industrial relations model.
China's “labour shortage” and migrant workers' lack of social security
Authors: WANG Zhikai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSince 2004, the massive flow of surplus rural labour in China has dried up; indeed, the country's eastern coastal region is currently experiencing a “labour shortage”. This phenomenon, which is bound up with China's ongoing economic and social development, has arisen because migrant workers have little or no social security in China. Rather than a labour shortage, there is in fact still a huge rural labour surplus. If the system governing migrant workers' social security and labour rights were improved, this could ease the apparent labour shortage and solve firms' employment problems, thereby increasing productivity and supporting China's long‐term economic growth.