bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the cognitive consequences of mild traumatic brain injury and concussion by using electrophysiology
Authors: Gosselin Nadia , Bottari Carolina , Chen Jen-Kai , Huntgeburth Sonja Christina , De Beaumont Louis , Petrides Michael , Cheung Bob , Ptito Alain 
Published: November 2012

Object
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), often referred to as concussion when it occurs in sports, produces persistent cognitive problems in at least 15% of patients. Unfortunately, conventional neuropsychological tests usually yield results within normal limits in this population. The main objective of this event-related potential (ERP) study was to understand brain functioning during the performance of a working memory (WM) task in patients who have sustained an MTBI, mostly due to motor vehicle accident or sports concussion. This study also aimed for a better understanding of the association between brain functioning as measured with ERP, behavioral performance on the WM task, postconcussion symptoms, type of injury (that is, sports concussion vs other types), and time since the injury.

Methods
Forty-four patients with MTBI (7.6 ± 8.4 months postinjury) were tested on a visual WM task with simultaneous recording of ERP, and were compared with 40 control volunteers who were their equivalent for age and sex. Amplitude and latency of frontal (N200 and N350) and parietal (P200 and P300) ERP waves were measured and were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed between ERP characteristics, clinical variables, and behavioral performance.

Results
A significant group difference was found for behavioral performance on the WM task, in which the MTBI group had a lower percentage of correct answers than the control group (p < 0.05). The patients with MTBI also had smaller amplitudes of both frontal N350 and parietal P300 ERP components when compared with control volunteers (p < 0.05). No changes were found for latency of ERP components. Smaller ERP amplitudes were associated with slower reaction times and worse accuracy on the WM task among patients with MTBI (p < 0.05). Types of injury (that is, sports concussion vs other mechanisms) were not associated with different ERP characteristics.

Conclusions
Abnormal ERP results are observed in patients after MTBI or sports concussion, even for those in the nonacute stage after their injury. Current standard clinical evaluations most often fail to detect cerebral dysfunction after MTBI, even when patients or athletes report symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that patients with MTBI, including sports concussion, probably have underlying mild but persistent cerebral dysfunctions that require further investigation.
Magnetoencephalographic virtual recording: a novel diagnostic tool for concussion
Authors: Tormenti Matthew , Krieger Donald , Puccio Ava M. , McNeil Malcolm R. , Schneider Walter , Okonkwo David O. 
Published: November 2012

Object
Heightened recognition of the prevalence and significance of head injury in sports and in combat veterans has brought increased attention to the physiological and behavioral consequences of concussion. Current clinical practice is in part dependent on patient self-report as the basis for medical decisions and treatment. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) shows promise in the assessment of the pathophysiological derangements in concussion. The authors have developed a novel MEG-based neuroimaging strategy to provide objective, noninvasive, diagnostic information in neurological disorders. In the current study the authors demonstrate a novel task protocol and then assess MEG virtual recordings obtained during task performance as a diagnostic tool for concussion.

Methods
Ten individuals (5 control volunteers and 5 patients with a history of concussion) were enrolled in this pilot study. All participants underwent an MEG evaluation during performance of a language/spatial task. Each individual produced 960 responses to 320 sentence stimuli; 0.3 sec of MEG data from each word presentation and each response were analyzed: the data from each participant were classified using a rule constructed from the data obtained from the other 9 participants.

Results
Analysis of response times showed significant differences (p < 10−4) between concussed and normal groups, demonstrating the sensitivity of the task. The MEG measures enabled the correct classification of 8 of 10 individuals as concussed versus nonconcussed (p = 0.055). Analysis of single-trial data classified 70% of trials correctly (p < 10−10). Concussed patients showed increased activation in the occipitoparietal and temporal regions during evaluation.

Conclusions
These pilot findings are the first evidence of the utility of MEG virtual recording in diagnosing concussion. With further refinements, MEG virtual recordings may represent a noninvasive test to diagnose concussion and monitor its resolution.
Association of a higher density of specialist neuroscience providers with fewer deaths from stroke in the United States population
Authors: Desai Atman , Bekelis Kimon , Zhao Wenyan , Ball Perry A. , Erkmen Kadir 
Published: November 2012

Object
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Given that neurologists and neurosurgeons have special expertise in this area, the authors hypothesized that the density of neuroscience providers is associated with reduced mortality rates from stroke across US counties.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of the Area Resource File 2009–2010, a national county-level health information database maintained by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The primary outcome variable was the 3-year (2004–2006) average in cerebrovascular disease deaths per million population for each county. The primary independent variable was the combined density of neurosurgeons and neurologists per million population in the year 2006. Multiple regression analysis was performed, adjusting for density of general practitioners (GPs), urbanicity of the county, and socioeconomic status of the residents of the county.

Results
In the 3141 counties analyzed, the median number of annual stroke deaths was 586 (interquartile range [IQR] 449–754), the median number of neuroscience providers was 0 (IQR 0–26), and the median number of GPs was 274 (IQR 175–410) per million population. On multivariate adjusted analysis, each increase of 1 neuroscience provider was associated with 0.38 fewer deaths from stroke per year (p < 0.001) per million population. Rural location (p < 0.001) and increased density of GPs (p < 0.001) were associated with increases in stroke-related mortality.

Conclusions
Higher density of specialist neuroscience providers is associated with fewer deaths from stroke. This suggests that the availability of specialists is an important factor in survival after stroke, and underlines the importance of promoting specialist education and practice throughout the country.
Reduction of brain edema and expression of aquaporins with acute ethanol treatment after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Tony , Chou David Yu-Te , Ding Jamie Y. , Fredrickson Vance , Peng Changya , Schafer Steven , Guthikonda Murali , Kreipke Christian , Rafols José A. , Ding Yuchuan 
Published: November 2012

Object
Previous studies have demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain edema by allowing excessive water passage through aquaporin (AQP) proteins. To establish the potential neuroprotective properties of ethanol as a post-TBI therapy, in the present study the authors determined the effect of ethanol on brain edema, AQP expression, and functional outcomes in a post-TBI setting.

Methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 425 and 475 g received a closed head TBI in which Maramarou's impact-acceleration method was used. Animals were given a subsequent intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg ethanol at 60 minutes post-TBI and were killed 24 hours after TBI. Brains were subsequently examined for edema along with AQP mRNA and protein expression. Additional animals treated with either 0.5 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg ethanol at 60 minutes post-TBI were designated for cognitive and motor testing for 3 weeks.

Results
Ethanol administration post-TBI led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of brain edema as measured by brain water content. This downregulation in brain edema was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) reduced levels of AQP mRNA and protein expression as compared with TBI without treatment. These findings concur with cognitive studies in which ethanol-treated animals exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) faster radial maze completion times. Motor behavioral testing additionally demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) beneficial effects of ethanol, with treated animals displaying improved motor coordination when compared with untreated animals.

Conclusions
The present findings suggest that acute ethanol administration after a TBI decreases AQP expression, which may lead to reduced cerebral edema. Ethanol-treated animals additionally showed improved cognitive and motor outcomes compared with untreated animals.
Large-scale ice thickness distribution of first-year sea ice in spring and summer north of Svalbard
Authors: Renner Angelika H. H. , Hendricks Stefan , Gerland Sebastian , Beckers Justin , Haas Christian , Krumpen Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe large-scale thickness distribution of sea ice was measured during several campaigns in the European Arctic north of Svalbard from 2007 using an airborne electromagnetic induction device. In August 2010 and April-May 2011, this was complemented by extensive on-ice work including measurements of snow thickness and freeboard. Ice thicknesses show a clear difference between the seasons, with thicker ice during spring than in summer. In spring 2011, negative freeboard and flooding were observed as a result of the extensive snow cover. We find that the characteristics of the first-year sea ice allow combining observations from different years. The ice thickness in the marginal ice zone increases with increasing latitude and increasing distance to the ice edge; however, in the inner ice pack from ∼100 km from the ice edge the thickness remains almost constant. Modal ice thickness in spring reaches 2.4 m whereas in summer it is 1.0–1.4 m. Our study provides new insight into ice thickness distributions of a typical ice cover consisting of mainly first- and second-year ice, which may become the dominant ice type in the Arctic in the future.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in a medicinal plant, Phyllanthus emblica (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Pandey Madhav , Changtragoon Suchitra 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in a medicinal plant, Phyllanthus emblica, to study population genetics for designing an effective in situ and ex situ conservation of genetic resources of the species.• Methods and Results: Six microsatellite markers were developed using an enrichment and magnetic separation protocol. They were characterized in two natural populations of P. emblica. Out of the six microsatellites, five showed polymorphism, with the number of alleles ranging from four to seven. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.360 to 0.760 and 0.499 to 0.806, respectively.• Conclusions: The five polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic structure, reproductive biology, and for identification of clones and provenances of this important medicinal plant.
Development of microsatellite markers in species of Erigeron (Asteraceae) endemic to the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile
Authors: Takayama Koji , López‐Sepúlveda Patricio , Kohl Gudrun , Novak Johannes , Stuessy Tod F. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Erigeron rupicola and tested by amplification in six Erigeron species endemic to the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile, to investigate genetic diversity and population structure.• Methods and Results: Using 454 pyrosequencing, 24 primer pairs were developed in E. rupicola, 12 of which amplified and presented polymorphism among endemic species of Erigeron in the Archipelago. Two populations from E. rupicola and E. fernandezianus were genotyped, and one to eight alleles per locus per population were detected. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.812.• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of primers for cross‐species populational studies in all endemic species of Erigeron in the Archipelago.
Both LOV1 and LOV2 domains of phototropin2 function as the photosensory domain for hypocotyl phototropic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Suetsugu Noriyuki , Kong Sam‐Geun , Kasahara Masahiro , Wada Masamitsu 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of study: Phototropins (phot) are blue light receptor proteins that mediate phototropism and control photomovement responses, such as chloroplast photorelocation movement and stomatal opening. Arabidopsis thaliana has two phototropins, phot1 and phot2. Although both phot1 and phot2 redundantly mediate photomovement responses, phot2 uniquely regulates phototropism and the chloroplast avoidance response under high‐intensity blue light. However, compared to that of phot1, the mechanistic basis of phot2 function is poorly understood, and in particular, the importance of the LOV2 domain in phot2 function has not been clearly demonstrated. Indeed, photocycle‐deficient LOV2 transgenic lines expressing phot2 in a phot1phot2 mutant background retained phototropism, although with less sensitivity than wild‐type plants.• Methods: We isolated 11 alleles of phot2 mutants and determined the molecular lesion in each allele. We analyzed hypocotyl phototropism, chloroplast photorelocation movement, and leaf flattening in the phot2 mutant and the respective phot1phot2 double mutant plants.• Key results: We demonstrated that unlike the phot2 null mutant, the phot2‐10 mutant, which has the defective phot2 LOV2 domain, retained the phototropic response and had unusual chloroplast movement. Mutants phot2‐2 and phot2‐6, which have a missense mutation in the kinase activation loop of phot2, had the phot2‐null mutant phenotype. Furthermore, we convincingly demonstrated that the commonly used phot2‐1 mutant allele is a phot2‐null mutant.• Conclusions: The analyses of the multiple phot2 mutant alleles provided strong evidence for the importance of both LOV domains and the kinase activation loop of phot2 in phototropism and other phot‐dependent responses and also demonstrated that phot2‐1 allele is a null mutant.
Clinically Important Body Weight Gain Following Knee Arthroplasty: A Five‐Year Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Harmsen William S. , Schleck Cathy D. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of knee arthroplasty on body weight has not been fully explored. Clinically important weight gain following knee arthroplasty would pose potentially important health risks.MethodsWe used one of the largest US‐based knee arthroplasty registries and a population‐based control sample from the same geographic region to determine whether knee arthroplasty increases the risk of clinically important weight gain of ≥5% of baseline body weight over a 5‐year postoperative period.ResultsOf the persons in the knee arthroplasty sample, 30.0% gained ≥5% of baseline body weight 5 years following surgery as compared to 19.7% of the control sample. The multivariable‐adjusted (age, sex, body mass index, education, comorbidity, and presurgical weight change) odds ratio (OR) was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2–2.2) in persons with knee arthroplasty as compared to the control sample. Additional arthroplasty procedures during followup further increased the risk for weight gain (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.1) relative to the control sample. Specifically, among patients with knee arthroplasty, younger patients and those who lost greater amounts of weight in the 5‐year preoperative period were at greater risk for clinically important weight gain.ConclusionPatients who undergo knee arthroplasty are at an increased risk of clinically important weight gain following surgery. The findings potentially have broad implications to multiple members of the health care team. Future research should develop weight loss/maintenance interventions particularly for younger patients who have lost a substantial amount of weight prior to surgery, as they are most at risk for substantial postsurgical weight gain.
Development and Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reference Criterion for Defining a Positive Sacroiliac Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Zubler Veronika , Pedersen Susanne J. , Rufibach Kaspar , Lambert Robert G. W. , Chan Stanley M. , Østergaard Mikkel , Maksymowych Walter p. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reference criterion for a positive sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI finding based on the level of confidence in the classification of spondyloarthritis (SpA) by expert MRI readers.MethodsFour readers assessed SI joint MRIs in 2 inception cohorts (cohorts A and B) of 157 consecutive patients with back pain ages ≤50 years and 20 age‐matched healthy controls. Patients were classified according to clinical examination and pelvic radiography as having nonradiographic axial SpA (n = 51), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 34), or nonspecific back pain (n = 72). Readers indicated their level of confidence in their classification of SpA on a 0–10 scale, where 0 = definitely not SpA and 10 = definite SpA. The MRI reference criterion was prespecified by consensus as the majority of readers indicating a confidence score of 8–10; the absence of SpA required all readers to indicate non‐SpA (a confidence score of 0–4). We calculated interreader reliability and agreement between MRI‐based and clinical classification using kappa statistics. We estimated cutoff values for MRI lesions attaining a specificity of ≥0.90 for SpA.ResultsIn cohorts A and B, 76.4% and 71.6% of subjects met the MRI criterion, respectively. The kappa values for interreader agreement were 0.76 for cohort A and 0.80 for cohort B and between MRI‐based and clinical assessment were 0.93 for cohort A and 0.57 for cohort B. Using this MRI reference criterion, the cutoff for the number of affected SI joint quadrants needed to reach a predefined specificity of ≥0.90 was ≥2 for bone marrow edema (BME) in both cohorts and ≥1 for erosion in both cohorts, and the BME and/or erosion lesions increased sensitivity without reducing specificity.ConclusionThis data‐driven study using 2 inception cohorts and comparing clinical and MRI‐based classification supports the case for including both erosion and BME to define a positive SI joint MRI finding for the classification of axial SpA.
Design of risk communication strategies based on risk perception among farmers exposed to pesticides in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Peres Frederico , Rodrigues Karla Meneses , da Silva Peixoto Belo Mariana Soares , Moreira Josino Costa , Claudio Luz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess pesticide exposure risk perception among farmers from three rural areas of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.MethodsData were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 66 adults and participatory workshops with 27 teenagers and analyzed through content analysis techniques. Systematized results were discussed at local meetings, and two risk communication initiatives were devised.ResultsStudy results demonstrated the use of defensive strategies by men and a diminished risk perception among women. Teenagers relied on parents to develop their own work practices. These findings supported the importance of cultural and social determinants of farmers' understandings of risk and of the relevance of different pesticide exposure pathways.ConclusionsRisk perceptions and work practices are strongly influenced by local cultural patterns and, therefore, must be taken into account when developing effective intervention strategies, including risk communication initiatives. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:77–89, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Insight into the Conversion of Tetrose Sugars to Novel α‐Hydroxy Acid Platform Molecules
Authors: Dusselier Michiel , Van Wouwe Pieter , de Clippel Filip , Dijkmans Jan , Gammon David W. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstractα‐Hydroxy acids (AHAs) such as lactic acid are considered platform molecules in the biorefinery concept and have high‐end applications in solvents and biodegradable polyester plastics. The synthesis of AHAs with a four‐carbon backbone structure is a recently emerging field. New biomass‐related routes towards their production could stimulate their practical use in new polyester plastics. Herein, we report the unique catalytic activity of soluble tin metal salts for converting tetroses, namely erythrulose and erythrose, into new four‐carbon‐backbone AHAs such as methyl vinylglycolate and methyl‐4‐methoxy‐2‐hydroxybutanoate. An in situ NMR study together with deuterium labeling experiments and control experiments with intermediates allowed us to propose a detailed reaction pathway.
Towards a Comprehensive Hydride Donor Ability Scale
Authors: Horn Markus , Schappele Ludwig H. , Lang‐Wittkowski Gabriele , Mayr Herbert , Ofial Armin R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRates of hydride transfer from several hydride donors to benzhydrylium ions have been measured at 20 °C and used for the determination of empirical nucleophilicity parameters N and sN according to the linear free energy relationship log k20 °C=sN(N+E). Comparison of the rate constants of hydride abstraction by tritylium ions with those calculated from the reactivity parameters sN, N, and E showed fair agreement. Therefore, it was possible to convert the large number of literature data on hydride abstraction by tritylium ions into N and sN parameters for the corresponding hydride donors, and construct a reactivity scale for hydride donors covering more than 20 orders of magnitude.
Diol‐Linked Microporous Networks of Cubic Siloxane Cages
Authors: Wada Yuko , Iyoki Kenta , Sugawara‐Narutaki Ayae , Okubo Tatsuya , Shimojima Atsushi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new class of inorganic–organic hybrid porous materials has been synthesized by a reaction between octa(hydridosilsesquioxane) (H8Si8O12), which has a double‐four‐ring (D4R) structure, and various diols, such as 1,3‐propanediol (PD), 1,4‐cyclohexanediol (CHD), and 1,3‐adamantanediol (AD). Solid‐state 29Si magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopic analysis confirmed that most of the corner SiH groups reacted with diols to form Si‐O‐C bonds with retention of the D4R cage. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption studies showed that the products are microporous solids with high BET surface areas (up to ≈580 m2 g−1 for CHD‐ and AD‐linked products). If n‐alkanediols are used as linkers, the surface area becomes smaller as the number of carbon atoms is increased. The thermal and hydrolytic stability of the products strongly depend on the type of diol linkers. The highest stabilities are found for the AD‐linked products, which are thermally stable up to around 400 °C and remain intact even after being soaked in water for 1 day. In contrast, the PD‐linked product is easily hydrolyzed in water to give microporous silica. These results offer a new route toward a series of silica‐based porous materials with unique structures and properties.