bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of top and intermediate predators in herbivore suppression: contrasting results from the field and laboratory
Authors: HOGG BRIAN N. , DAANE KENT M. 
Published: November 2013

Intraguild predators can have unpredictable effects in food webs: they can either disrupt or enhance herbivore suppression, depending on their direct effects on herbivores. Furthermore, intraguild predation is not always unidirectional, with top predators eating more effective intermediate predators.In a vineyard field experiment and a series of laboratory experiments, the effect of intraguild interactions between a likely top predator (the spiderCheiracanthium mildei) and an intermediate predator (the spiderAnyphaena pacifica) on suppression of their shared leafhopper prey (Erythroneuraspp.) was examined.In the field experiment,C. mildeidrove the suppression of leafhoppers while reducing numbers of the other spiderA. pacifica. The results of laboratory experiments confirmed the predatory impacts ofC. mildeion both leafhoppers andA. pacifica. As a top intraguild predator,C. mildeiappears to dominate predator–prey interactions in the vineyard ecosystem, although results indicate that its impact may be dampened by cannibalism.By contrast,A. pacificapreyed on leafhoppers and smallerC. mildeiin laboratory experiments, but had no measurable impacts in the field experiment.The larger average size and wide‐ranging hunting mode ofC. mildeimay provide a predatory advantage in the field that did not emerge over short time periods in small laboratory cages.These results highlight the pitfalls of extrapolating from the controlled setting of the laboratory to more heterogeneous conditions in the field.
Posterior parietal cortex is critical for the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of a memory that guides attention for learning
Authors: Schiffino Felipe L. , Zhou Vivian , Holland Peter C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWithin most contemporary learning theories, reinforcement prediction error, the difference between the obtained and expected reinforcer value, critically influences associative learning. In some theories, this prediction error determines the momentary effectiveness of the reinforcer itself, such that the same physical event produces more learning when its presentation is surprising than when it is expected. In other theories, prediction error enhances attention to potential cues for that reinforcer by adjusting cue‐specific associability parameters, biasing the processing of those stimuli so that they more readily enter into new associations in the future. A unique feature of these latter theories is that such alterations in stimulus associability must be represented in memory in an enduring fashion. Indeed, considerable data indicate that altered associability may be expressed days after its induction. Previous research from our laboratory identified brain circuit elements critical to the enhancement of stimulus associability by the omission of an expected event, and to the subsequent expression of that altered associability in more rapid learning. Here, for the first time, we identified a brain region, the posterior parietal cortex, as a potential site for a memorial representation of altered stimulus associability. In three experiments using rats and a serial prediction task, we found that intact posterior parietal cortex function was essential during the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of an associability memory enhanced by surprising omissions. We discuss these new results in the context of our previous findings and additional plausible frontoparietal and subcortical networks.
Chronic migraine in women is associated with insulin resistance: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fava A. , Pirritano D. , Consoli D. , Plastino M. , Casalinuovo F. , Cristofaro S. , Colica C. , Ermio C. , De Bartolo M. , Opipari C. , Lanzo R. , Consoli A. , Bosco D. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeMigraine is a common neurological disorder. It can be divided into episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), based on headache frequency. Some studies have shown that insulin sensitivity is impaired in migraine; moreover, hypertension, diabetes and obesity are common in patients with CM. The aim of this study was to assess serum glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance (IR) in a sample of episodic migraineurs, chronic migraineurs and non‐pain healthy controls.MethodsEighty‐three women with EM, 83 with CM and 83 healthy controls were recruited. Headache was diagnosed according to the latest International Classification of Headache Disorders 2 criteria. Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were measured. Checked metabolic parameters included fasting glucose, the 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (2 h OGTT), serum HbA1c, blood lipid profile, C‐reactive protein and prolactin. The homeostasis model assessment formula was used to calculate IR.ResultsA significant prevalence of IR in CM was observed (P = 0.002). No significant associations were found with fasting glycaemia, the 2 h OGTT, HbA1c, blood lipid profile, C‐reactive protein, prolactin and waist circumference. Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) was associated with an increased risk of CM [odds ratio (OR) 2.4]. When the outcome of interest was the association between IR and obesity, the OR was significantly increased compared with IR alone (OR = 13.2).ConclusionThis may suggest that CM is associated with IR status, particularly when it is in partnership with obesity.
Head trauma sustained under the influence of alcohol is a predictor for future traumatic brain injury: a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Vaaramo K. , Puljula J. , Tetri S. , Juvela S. , Hillbom M. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeHazardous drinking may result in recurrent head trauma. It was investigated whether head trauma sustained under the influence of alcohol is a predictor of future traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsAll subjects with head trauma (n = 827) brought to the emergency room at Oulu University Hospital during 1999 were identified and followed up until death or the end of 2009. The National Hospital Discharge Register and hospital charts were used to identify TBIs during the follow‐up and Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to characterize predictors of TBI.ResultsDuring the total follow‐up of 7386 person‐years, 52/827 subjects sustained a new head trauma with TBI and the risk of TBI was significantly (P = 0.005) higher amongst subjects who had been under the influence of alcohol at the time of the index trauma in 1999. New TBI occurred under the influence of alcohol in 30/52 cases (57.7%). An alcohol‐related index trauma [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–4.56, P < 0.01] and history of TBI (HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.32–8.72, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for subsequent TBI after adjustment for sex and age. A history of harmful drinking was also a significant risk factor (adjusted HR 10.37, 95% CI 5.53–19.43, P < 0.001). In the subset of 396 patients having an index head trauma without TBI, this being alcohol related was also a significant risk factor for subsequent TBI after adjustment for sex, age and history of TBI (HR 3.54, 95% CI 1.36–9.18, P = 0.009).ConclusionsEven head trauma without TBI under the influence of alcohol implies an elevated risk of subsequent TBI. A brief intervention to reduce hazardous drinking is needed to prevent TBI.
3TMRIimproves the detection of transmantle sign in type 2 focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Mellerio Charles , Labeyrie Marc‐Antoine , Chassoux Francine , Roca Pauline , Alami Odile , Plat Monique , Naggara Olivier , Devaux Bertrand , Meder Jean‐François , Oppenheim Catherine 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPurposeType 2 focal cortical dysplasia (FCD2) is one of the main causes of refractory partial epilepsy, but often remains overlooked byMRI. This study aimed to elucidate whether 3TMRIoffers better detection and characterization ofFCD2 than 1.5T, using similar coils and acquisition time.MethodsTwo independent readers reviewed the 1.5T and 3TMRimages of 25 patients with histologically provenFCD2. For both magnetic fields, the ability to detect a lesion was analyzed. We compared the identification of each of the five criteria typical ofFCD2 (cortical thickening, blurring, cortical signal changes, subcortical signal changes, and “transmantle” sign) and artifacts, using a four‐point scale (0–3). Interobserver reliability for lesion detection was calculated.Key FindingsSeventeen lesions (68%) were detected at 3T, two of which were overlooked at 1.5T. Interobserver reliability was better at 3T (κ = 1) than at 1.5T (κ = 0.83). The transmantle sign was more clearly identified at 3T than 1.5T (mean visualization score: 1.72 vs. 0.56; p = 0.002).SignificanceThe use of 3TMRIin patients suspected of type 2FCDimproves the detection rate and the lesion characterization owing to the transmantle sign being more clearly seen at 3T. This point is of interest, since this feature is considered as anMRsignature ofFCD2.
A new technique for subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy in the treatment of impinging/overriding spinous processes: Description of technique and outcome of 25 cases
Authors: Jacklin B. D. , Minshall G. J. , Wright I. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studySurgical management for overriding spinous processes of the thoracolumbar vertebrae (SPs) is often favoured when conservative therapies have failed, pathology is severe, or in competition horses constrained by drug withdrawal periods.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy represents an effective treatment for overridingSPs, with short surgery time and low complication rates, maintains the contour of the spine and produces a functionally and cosmetically better outcome than previously reported surgical techniques for management of overriding/impingingSPs.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsA new technique is described and records were retrieved for 25 cases that had undergone the procedure at Newmarket Equine Hospital between 2009 and 2011. Case records were evaluated for anamnesis, clinical findings and details of surgical and post operative management. Outcome of surgery was assessed by telephone questionnaire with owners, relating to both functional and cosmetic results.ResultsOf cases treated using the described technique, 78.9% had resolution of clinical signs and returned to full work and a further 18.2% were improved. Outcome was unrelated to number ofSPs resected or mean radiographic grade of impingement. Cosmetic outcome was described as excellent in 81.8% and good in the remainder. Surgery time ranged from 20 to 70 (median 30) min and there were no intra‐ or post operative complications.ConclusionsIn contrast to previously described amputation techniques, subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy removes only impinging portions ofSPs. General anaesthesia and lateral recumbency facilitate access and enable a short surgery time. The procedure maintains the contour of the back and has fewer complications, but produces functional outcomes similar to more invasive procedures.
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on PGC‐1α, irisin and browning of subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans
Authors: Norheim Frode , Langleite Torgrim Mikal , Hjorth Marit , Holen Torgeir , Kielland Anders , Stadheim Hans Kristian , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Birkeland Kåre Inge , Jensen Jørgen , Drevon Christian A. 
Published: November 2013

Irisin was first identified as a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC‐1α) dependent myokine with the potential to induce murine brown‐fat‐like development of white adipose tissue. In humans, the regulatory effect of training on muscle FNDC5mRNA expression and subsequently irisin levels in plasma is more controversial. We recruited 26 inactive men (13 normoglycaemic and normal weight, controls; and 13 slightly hyperglycaemic and overweight, pre‐diabetes group) aged 40–65 years for a 12‐week intervention of combined endurance and strength training with four sessions of training per week. Before and after the 12‐week intervention period, participants were exposed to an acute endurance workload of 45 min at 70% of VO2max, and muscle biopsies were taken prior to and after exercise. Skeletal muscle mRNA for PGC1A and FNDC5 correlated and both PGC1A and FNDC5mRNA levels increased after 12 weeks of training in both control and pre‐diabetes subjects. Circulating irisin was reduced in response to 12 weeks of training, and was increased acutely (~1.2‐fold) just after acute exercise. Plasma concentration of irisin was higher in pre‐diabetes subjects compared with controls. There was little effect of 12 weeks of training on selected browning genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. UCP1mRNA did not correlate with FNDC5 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue or skeletal muscle or with irisin levels in plasma. We observed no enhancing effect of long‐term training on circulating irisin levels, and little or no effect of training on browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans.
Syntactic gains in short‐term study abroad
Authors: Arnett Carlee 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article reports the results of a study of the syntactic acquisition of nine participants in a short‐term study abroad program that was designed to complete the second year of German. Data compared study abroad students' use of accusative and dative case prepositions and ditransitives, auxiliary selection in the past tense, and dative verbs with the use of those constructions by students who completed the second‐year course sequence at the home institution. The study abroad students performed at about the same level as the on‐campus students on all syntactic measures but produced many more ditransitive clauses.
Forecasting GDP at the Regional Level with Many Predictors
Authors: Lehmann Robert , Wohlrabe Klaus 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this study, we assess the accuracy of macroeconomic forecasts at the regional level using a large data set at quarterly frequency. We forecast gross domestic product (GDP) for two German states (Free State of Saxony and Baden-Württemberg) and Eastern Germany. We overcome the problem of a ‘data-poor environment’ at the sub-national level by complementing various regional indicators with more than 200 national and international indicators. We calculate single-indicator, multi-indicator, pooled and factor forecasts in a ‘pseudo-real-time’ setting. Our results show that we can significantly increase forecast accuracy compared with an autoregressive benchmark model, both for short- and long-term predictions. Furthermore, regional indicators play a crucial role for forecasting regional GDP.
Online strategies to facilitate health‐related knowledge transfer: a systematic search and review
Authors: Mairs Katie , McNeil Heather , McLeod Jordache , Prorok Jeanette C. , Stolee Paul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundHealth interventions and practices often lag behind the available research, and the need for timely translation of new health knowledge into practice is becoming increasingly important.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to conduct a systematic search and review of the literature on online knowledge translation techniques that foster the interaction between various stakeholders and assist in the sharing of ideas and knowledge within the health field.MethodsThe search strategy included all published literature in the English language since January 2003 and used the medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (cinahl), embase and Inspec databases.ResultsThe results of the review indicate that online strategies are diverse, yet all are applicable in facilitating online health‐related knowledge translation. The method of knowledge sharing ranged from use of wikis, discussion forums, blogs, and social media to data/knowledge management tools, virtual communities of practice and conferencing technology – all of which can encourage online health communication and knowledge translation.ConclusionsOnline technologies are a key facilitator of health‐related knowledge translation. This review of online strategies to facilitate health‐related knowledge translation can inform the development and improvement of future strategies to expedite the translation of research to practice.
Effect of muscle, ageing time and modified atmosphere packaging conditions on the colour, oxidative and microbiological stability of packed beef
Authors: Owczarek‐Fendor Agnieszka , Vermeulen An , Van Bree Ilse , Eriksson Markus , Lescouhier Stefaan , De Smet Stefaan , De Meulenaer Bruno , Devlieghere Frank 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different vacuum ageing times (7 and 14 days) and the impact of the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) configuration (gas/product ratios: 0.5 and 1 and gas composition: 70% O2 + 30% CO2 and 40% O2 + 30% CO2 + 30% N2) on the quality of fresh beef during subsequent storage at 4 °C. For this purpose, three separate experiments were performed. For each experiment, two different muscles (Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris) were sampled from four double‐muscled Belgian Blue beef carcasses. Next to colour, also the evolution in microbial load, pH, O2 and CO2 in the headspace and lipid oxidation at the meat surface were evaluated. A vacuum ageing for 14 days compared with 7 days resulted in a higher initial microbial load on the day of MAP packaging, which resulted finally in a significantly shorter shelf life. This ageing effect was less pronounced on the colour stability and lipid oxidation of the meat samples. No significant influence of the packaging configuration on any of the analysed parameters (colour, microbial load, pH and lipid oxidation at the meat surface) was observed.
Antibiofilm formation and anti‐adhesive (to HEp‐2 cells) effects of rosemary water extract against some food‐related pathogens
Authors: Elhariry Hesham , Abuzaid Abeer A. , Khiralla Ghada M. , Gherbawy Youssuf 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe present work aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in two rosemary water extracts (RWE1 and RWE2) and to assess their antimicrobial, anti‐adhesive and antibiofilm potentials against the food‐related Bacillus and Pseudomonas species at concentrations; 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg mL−1. Phenolic compounds and isoflavones in the RWEs were determined using HPLC. The concentrations of most bioactive compounds of RWE1 (benzoic, ellagic, gallic and rosmarinic acids, daidzein and genistein) were higher than that of RWE2. The MIC90 of RWE1 and RWE2 against all tested bacteria was 12 and 16 mg mL−1, respectively. The anti‐adhesive and antibiofilm doses were higher than MIC90. RWE1 and RWE2 showed potential reduction in the bacterial cell adhesion to HEp‐2 cells – 17.5–64.7 and 12.2–52.9%, respectively. In conclusion, this study emphasises the effective use of RWE as a natural anti‐adhesive and antibiofilm agent against Bacillus and Pseudomonas, without difficult extraction procedure.
Effect of xylitol on wheat dough properties and bread characteristics
Authors: Sun Qingjie , Xing Yan , Xiong Liu 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of xylitol on wheat dough properties and bread qualities. The results showed that peak viscosity of bread flour containing 20% xylitol was about 12.59% higher than that of the control. The development time and stability time of dough containing 5% xylitol were 2.55 and 1.62 min longer than those of the control, and the drop value decreased from 454 FU to 359 FU. The extensibility of dough containing 10% xylitol was 21 mm longer than that of the control. The maximum resistance and energy area showed an increasing trend. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a discontinuous gluten matrix in which starch granules were not covered completely with gluten when containing xylitol. The springiness of bread with 10% xylitol was increased by 10.6% compared with that of the control, while the hardness was decreased by 21.5%. The bread added 10% and 15% xylitol had higher scores than the control.
Establishment of transgenic silkworms expressing GAL4 specifically in the haemocyte oenocytoid cells
Authors: Tsubota T. , Uchino K. , Kamimura M. , Ishikawa M. , Hamamoto H. , Sekimizu K. , Sezutsu H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInsect haemocytes play significant roles in innate immunity. The silkworm, a lepidopteran species, is often selected as the model for studies into the functions of haemocytes in immunity; however, our understanding of the role of haemocytes remains limited because the lack of haemocyte promoters for transgene expression makes genetic manipulations difficult. In the present study, we aimed to establish transgenic silkworm strains expressing GAL4 in their haemocytes. First, we identified three genes with strong expression in haemocytes, namely, lp44, Haemocyte Protease 1 (HP1) and hemocytin. Transgenic silkworms expressing GAL4 under the control of the putative promoters of these genes were then established and expression was examined. Although GAL4 expression was not detected in haemocytes of HP1‐GAL4 or hemocytin‐GAL4 strains, lp44‐GAL4 exhibited a high level of GAL4 expression, particularly in oenocytoids. GAL4 expression was also detected in the midgut but in no other tissues, indicating that GAL4 expression in this strain is mostly oenocytoid‐specific. Thus, we have identified a promoter that enables oenocytoid expression of genes of interest. Additionally, the lp44‐GAL4 strain could also be used for other types of research, such as the functional analysis of genes in oenocytoids, which would facilitate advances in our understanding of insect immunity.
Impact of the 2009 Melbourne heatwave on a major public hospital
Authors: Lindstrom S. J. , Nagalingam V. , Newnham H. H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the week following the onset of the 2009 heatwave in Melbourne, Australia, The Alfred Hospital observed a significant increase in total hospital admissions (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.11, P = 0.046), emergency department presentations (IRR 1.15, P < 0.01) and general medical admissions (IRR 1.81, P < 0.01). Under the general medical unit there was a rise in the number of deaths (IRR 3.9, P < 0.01), and patients with a broad range of disorders, particularly of the endocrine/metabolic (IRR 2.2, P < 0.01), circulatory (IRR 1.9, P < 0.01) and genitourinary (IRR 2.6, P < 0.01) systems.
No evidence for zoonotic transmission of H3N8 canine influenza virus among US adults occupationally exposed to dogs
Authors: Krueger Whitney S. , Heil Gary L. , Yoon Kyoung‐Jin , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe zoonotic potential of H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) has not been previously examined; yet considering the popularity of dogs as a companion animal and the zoonotic capabilities of other influenza viruses, the public health implications are great. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against CIV among a US cohort.DesignA cross‐sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted between 2007 and 2010.SettingRecruitments primarily occurred in Iowa and Florida. Participants were enrolled at dog shows, or at their home or place of employment.SampleThree hundred and four adults occupationally exposed to dogs and 101 non‐canine‐exposed participants completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample.Main outcome measuresMicroneutralization and neuraminidase inhibition assays were performed to detect human sera antibodies against A/Canine/Iowa/13628/2005(H3N8). An enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) was adapted to detect antibodies against a recombinant N8 neuraminidase protein from A/Equine/Pennsylvania/1/2007(H3N8).ResultsFor all assays, no significant difference in detectable antibodies was observed when comparing the canine‐exposed subjects to the non‐canine‐exposed subjects.ConclusionWhile these results do not provide evidence for cross‐species CIV transmission, influenza is predictably unpredictable. People frequently exposed to ill dogs should continually be monitored for novel zoonotic CIV infections.