bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A zebrafish circuit for behavioral credit assignment
Authors: Paoli Emanuele , Palieri Virginia , Shenoy Amey , Portugues Ruben 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn important question in systems neuroscience is how the brain links choices and their outcomes to modify future behavior. Despite being a fundamental computation, we lack explicit circuit-level models of how this is achieved. Here, we provide evidence for a cellular substrate underlying this computation in a vertebrate brain. We develop an operant thermoregulatory assay in larval zebrafish, and show that adaptive responses depend on the precise temporal coincidence between choices and contingent thermal feedback. Chemogenetic ablations reveal that the dorsal habenula (dHb), the homolog of the mammalian medial habenula, plays an essential role in this adaptive behavior. Functional and anatomical mapping of the downstream circuitry reveals that the intermediate interpeduncular nucleus (iIPN) integrates choice- and temperature-related signals, conveyed by the dHb and a prepontine hindbrain nucleus, respectively. While dHb axons exhibit a diffuse connectivity pattern, hindbrain neurons project onto specific, lateralized iIPN regions. We show that these iIPN glomeruli function as sensorimotor detectors, integrating choices and outcomes. Specifically, when a swim in a given direction is closely followed by a temperature change, iIPN activity shows increased responses. We further show that this coincidence detection, witha precise temporal profile, links an action to its subsequent sensory feedback, relies on a presynaptic mechanism within the terminal segments of dHb axons. This mechanism is mediated by GABAB-dependent modulation of dHb sensory axons by choice-related prepontine GABAergic neurons. In this study we are therefore able to link an adaptive behavior to a specific circuit mechanism.
Dual process impairments in reinforcement learning and working memory systems underlie learning deficits in physiological anxiety
Authors: Senta Jennifer , Bishop Sonia , Collins Anne GE 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnxiety has been robustly linked to deficits in frontal executive function including working memory (WM) and attentional control processes. However, although anxiety has also been associated with impaired performance on learning tasks, computational investigations of reinforcement learning (RL) impairment in anxiety have yielded mixed results. WM processes are known to contribute to learning behavior in parallel to RL processes and to modulate the effective learning rate as a function of load. However, WM processes have typically not been modeled in investigations of anxiety and RL. In the current study, we leveraged an experimental paradigm (RLWM) which manipulates the relative contributions of WM and RL processes in a reinforcement learning and retention task using multiple stimulus set sizes. Using a computational model of interactive RL and WM processes, we investigated whether individual differences in physiological or cognitive anxiety impacted task performance via deficits in RL or WM. Elevated physiological, but not cognitive, anxiety scores were strongly associated with worse performance during learning and retention testing across all set sizes. Computationally, higher physiological anxiety scores were significantly related to reduced learning rate and increased rate of WM decay. To highlight the importance of modeling WM contributions to learning, we considered the effect of fitting RL models without WM modules to the data. Here we found that reduced learning performance for higher physiological anxiety was at least partially misattributed to stochastic decision noise in 9 out of 10 RL-only models considered. These findings reveal a dual-process impairment in learning in anxiety that is linked to a more physiological than cognitive anxiety phenotype. More broadly, this work also points to the importance of accounting for the contribution of WM to RL when investigating psychopathology-related deficits in learning.
Unveiling the nexus: asymmetric impact of crime specialization in Indonesia over short- and long-run perspectives
Authors: Deswanto Refandi Budi , Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study examines whether the influence of the unemployment rate on crime varies over time. It investigates if the unemployment rate positively affects the specialization of all types of crime or only a specific type of criminal act.Design/methodology/approachUsing the two-way fixed effect and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) panel data estimation technique, the study examined the long- and short-run effects of the unemployment rate on the crime rate across 462 cities/regencies in Indonesia between 2015 and 2020.FindingsLong-run unemployment has a statistically significant negative impact on the specialization of violent crime and a positive effect on the specialization of property crime. Conversely, short-run unemployment negatively impacts the specialization of property crimes and positively affects the specialization of violent crimes. These results align with the tenets of routine activity theory and rational choice theory.Research limitations/implicationsTo reduce crime and support economic growth, the government should focus on creating jobs, particularly addressing long-run unemployment, which reflects regional disparities in unemployment rates.Originality/valueThis study uniquely applies the location quotient (LQ) method to examine crime specialization trends in Indonesia and uses city/regency-level data to avoid bias from measurement errors at either the national or provincial level.
Adaption and validation of the algorithm aversion scale and its relationship with neuroticism and trust
Authors: Jain Ruchika Mehra , Garg Naval , Khera Shikha N. 
Published: February 2025

PurposePrevious studies highlighted a dearth of scale to measure algorithm aversion among working professionals. Accordingly, this study tried to adopt and validate an algorithm aversion scale for employees.Design/methodology/approachThe scale was developed and validated in three stages. In the first stage, a five-item xenophobic scale was adopted. Its items were rephrased to match the algorithm aversion-related workplace context. In the second stage, the sample was divided into two subsamples using random sampling. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) applied on the first subsample. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the second sample to check the model’s fitness proposed by EFA. In the third stage, a sample of 378 respondents was collected. The Cronbach’s alpha (CA) and composite reliability (CR) values checked internal consistency reliability of the proposed algorithm aversion scale.FindingsThe EFA yielded a one-factor solution with acceptable factor loading (greater than 0.50) of all (five) statements. All values of model indices in CFA were in the acceptable range, which recommended the factorial structure of the scale. The acceptable (greater than 0.70) values of CA and CR concluded the internal consistency reliability. The convergent validity was suggested by appropriate average variance extracted (AVE) values (greater than 0.50). In addition, as expected, the proposed algorithm aversion scale reported a statistically significant positive correlation with neuroticism and a considerable negative relationship with trust. These findings concluded the criterion validity of the scale.Originality/valueThis study uses primary data to adopt and validate algorithm aversion scale.
Clinical efficacy of low molecular weight heparin and insulin combined with plasma exchange in treating hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhen Chen , Zhou Fan , Liu Minxing , Chu Zhenyu , Jia Limin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) is a severe condition marked by elevated triglyceride levels, resulting in significant morbidity. Current treatment options are limited, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic combinations.MethodsThis study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. A total of 130 patients diagnosed with HLAP were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: the control group (65 patients) received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and insulin, while the observation group (65 patients) received LMWH, insulin, and plasma exchange (PE). Clinical efficacy, serum triglycerides, amylase levels, inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6), and clinical scores (Balthazar score, APACHE II) were compared between the groups.ResultsThe observation group demonstrated a significantly higher total effective rate of 90.32% compared to 73.01% in the control group (χ2 = 9.786, p < 0.001). Post‐treatment, triglyceride and amylase levels were significantly lower in the observation group (p < 0.05). Inflammatory markers showed significant reductions, and the observation group exhibited improved PaO2/FiO2 ratios and lower Balthazar scores (p < 0.05). Symptom relief time (abdominal pain and tenderness) and serum amylase normalization time were also significantly shorter in the observation group (p < 0.001). Adverse reaction rates were comparable between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe combination of LMWH, insulin, and PE is effective in managing HLAP, significantly alleviating symptoms and reducing inflammatory markers and triglyceride levels. These findings suggest that this treatment regimen could be a valuable addition to clinical practice for HLAP.
Structural and Functional Analyses of Stabilimentum in the Garden Spider, Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae)
Authors: Lee Seung‐Min , Moon Myung‐Jin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the web construction of the garden spider, Argiope bruennichi, the decoration known as the stabilimentum forms a zigzag band after completing the orb web. Based on ecological observations, the spider A. bruennichi was observed to consistently maintain an inverted posture on the stabilimentum of the web, with its position consistently fixed on the open side of the web. The stabilimentum of the spider web can be basically divided into a hub region and a band region; the hub region measures approximately 2.5 times the spider's body length, while the band region measures approximately 2.7 times the spider's body length. The hub silk is constructed after the formation of band silk from periphery towards the center, and that the silk in the hub and band regions originate from numerous pairs of aciniform gland spigots on the median and posterior spinnerets. Our fine structural analysis revealed significant differences in the silk morphological properties between stabilimentum band silk in closed and open sides. Particularly, the silks of the stabilimentum were found to be dried fibers less than 500 nm in diameter, devoid of adhesive substances commonly found in prey capture. Moreover, the zigzag band pattern of the stabilimentum silk fibers is expected to play a role in attracting prey animals through light scattering by forming light dispersion at various angles from the light source.
Efficacy of cannabidiol alone or in combination with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol for the management of substance use disorders: An umbrella review of the evidence
Authors: Redonnet Bertrand , Eren Filiz , Avenin Guillaume , Melchior Maria , Mary‐Krause Murielle 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsSubstance use disorders (SUD) lead to a high burden of disease, yet treatment options are limited. Cannabidiol (CBD) is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target due to its pharmacological properties and mode of action in the endocannabinoid system. Recent systematic reviews (SR) on CBD and SUDs have shown inconsistent results. The objective of this umbrella review was to determine whether CBD alone or in combination with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective for managing and treating SUDs.MethodsFollowing a registered protocol, we searched PubMed, Web of Science and Epistemonikos databases for SRs, with or without a meta‐analysis, of randomized controlled trials focusing on interventions dispensing CBD, alone or in combination with THC, to treat SUDs, published from 1 January 2000 to 15 October 2024. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool were performed by two researchers in parallel and duplicated.Results22 SRs were included, 5 of which performed a meta‐analysis. We found mixed evidence regarding the efficacy of CBD to manage and treat SUDs. Findings were interpreted in light of the quality of the SRs. Nabiximols, which contains CBD and THC, demonstrated positive effects on cannabis withdrawal and craving symptoms. Evidence supporting the efficacy of CBD is limited and inconclusive for abstinence, reduction or cessation of use of cannabis, tobacco, alcohol, opiates and other psychoactive substances.ConclusionCannabidiol (CBD) monotherapy does not appear to be efficacious for treatment of substance use disorders. CBD primarily exhibits effects on cannabis withdrawal and craving when combined with Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Existing data on the efficacy of CBD alone with regard to other outcomes related to substance use disorders are limited.
ACCEPT Group Condensed Position Paper on the Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Suker Adriana , Li Ying , Marren Anthony , Robson Danielle ,   the Australasian CREI (Certificate of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility) Consensus Expert Panel on Trial evidence (ACCEPT) Group
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Australasian CREI (Certificate of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility) Consensus Expert Panel on Trial Evidence (ACCEPT) group recently published an evidence‐based guideline on the investigation and management of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This position paper is a brief summary of the freely accessible two‐part guideline and can be found with digital object identifier (DOI) 10.1111/ajo.13821 and DOI 10.1111/ajo.13820.
Loss of lncRNAs 1700101O22Rik and 1700027A15Rik causes sperm malformation and subfertility
Authors: Dong Shijue , Cai Ziyi , Yu Jingyan , Liang Min , Zhou Yang , Ding Mengqian , Zeng Xuhui , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe testis is a key reservoir of long non‐coding RNAs, yet their physiological roles in male reproduction remain debated. Notably, long non‐coding RNAs 1700101O22Rik (22Rik) and 1700027A15Rik (15Rik) are uniquely expressed in the mouse testis. Previous research indicates that both 22Rik and 15Rik play roles in male reproductive processes; however, it is still unclear whether their effects on fertility are cumulative or compensatory.ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of simultaneous deletion of 22Rik and 15Rik on male reproduction and whether there are additive effects.Materials and methods22Rik and 15Rik knockout mice were generated using CRISPR‐Cas9, and double knockout mice were obtained through co‐caging. To investigate reproductive phenotypes, we utilized computer‐aided sperm analysis, acrosome reaction assessments, in vitro fertilization techniques, and sperm morphology analysis. Additionally, RNA sequencing and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation were employed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of 22Rik and 15Rik.ResultsThe simultaneous deletion of 22Rik and 15Rik led to abnormal sperm morphology, impaired acrosome reaction, and reduced in vitro fertilization. Sperm count and fertility were also decreased in double knockout male mice. Compared to the knockout of long non‐coding RNA 22Rik, reproductive abnormalities were somewhat exacerbated but largely similar to those observed with 15Rik knockout alone because of shared targeted genes, particularly Y chromosome‐linked genes. Additionally, these abnormal phenotypes may be linked to reduced expression of transition protein 1 and dysfunction of the HSF2‒Rik22‒Rik15 complex in double knockout mice.Discussion and conclusionOur study demonstrates for the first time that simultaneous knockout of these two long non‐coding RNAs adversely affects sperm morphology and function by disrupting the HSF2‒Rik22‒Rik15 complex. Moreover, many overlapping regulated genes suggest that 22Rik and 15Rik may share similar regulatory mechanisms at the molecular level. This research sheds light on the causes and mechanisms behind sperm malformation and impaired male fertility.
Syncope Linked to QT‐Interval Prolongation and Global T‐Wave Inversion: A Clinical Case of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Yan , Li Jing‐Xiu , Gao Min , Li Xue‐Qi , Zhang Ming‐Yu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe incidence and mortality rates of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) are high in clinical emergencies, making early diagnosis and risk stratification crucial. Electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a significant role in guiding the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Acute pulmonary embolism can present with various ECG manifestations. The presence of pulmonary hypertension and increased right ventricular load in pulmonary embolism can lead to T wave inversion in the right cardiac lead. Additionally, some patients may exhibit a prolonged QT interval, which is associated with the pathophysiological processes resulting from both pulmonary hypertension and myocardial ischemia.
Ultrasound for hip dysplasia – disparities between community and tertiary paediatric services
Authors: Zhu Ye , Feng Melody , Seth Ishith , Ganeshalingam Rekha , Hoq Monsurul , Donnan Leo T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveExplore the differences in ultrasound reporting between community ultrasound centres and a high‐volume paediatric tertiary centre in diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).ParticipantsOne hundred infants less than 6 months of age from a paediatric hip registry, who underwent ultrasounds in both community and tertiary centres within a 2‐week interval.ResultsOne percent of a 200‐hip sample reported scan quality. Alpha angles were reported in 84.5% (n = 169) of community reports and 78.5% (n = 157) of tertiary centre reports. Femoral head coverage was reported similarly in both environments at 94.5% in community and 93.5% in tertiary. Beta angle appeared in 45% (n = 90) and 2% (n = 4), respectively. Bland Altman plots revealed that there existed variation in ultrasound interpretation especially in more dysplastic hips. The concordance correlation coefficient showed only moderate agreement (Rho = 0.60 for alpha angles, Rho = 0.61 for femoral head coverage), and interrater reliability on hip classification reached moderate agreement (Cohen's Kappa = 0.57 for alpha angle, and 0.45 for femoral coverage) between community and tertiary hospital reports.ConclusionsReliance on the community‐acquired ultrasound report as a true reflection of the state of a hip is not completely justified. The lack of standardized reporting poses challenges for community clinicians in starting treatment or making appropriate referrals. Only a moderate agreement has been observed between the community and tertiary scans. Consequently, over 25% of hips classified as abnormal are potentially normal, and more than 15% dysplastic hips could be undetected.
Increase in paediatric bone stress injuries: a single‐center study during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Behman Amy , Browne Robert , Donnan Leo , Morrison Stewart 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMelbourne, Australia was considered the most locked‐down city during the COVID19 Pandemic. School was conducted from home and all organized sport ceased. Our institution noted an increased presentation of bone stress injuries (BSI) ranging from periostitis to stress fractures. This study reviews the prevalence of these injuries to gain insights into BSI presentation, diagnosis and best management.MethodsA retrospective review of lower limb long bone stress injuries between April 1st 2020 and March 31st 2022, and from 2018 to 2020 for comparison, was conducted. A chart review of those meeting inclusion criteria for demographics, fracture characteristics, investigations, and treatment administered was conducted.ResultsThirteen patients (two female, 11 male) met inclusion criteria. Only four patients were identified in the comparison period. The average age was 11.6 years, and average symptom duration was 7 weeks. Distinct morphologies were noted, specifically three discrete patterns of tibial injury were identified. Patients underwent an average of three imaging studies prior to diagnosis. Nine of 13 patients were prescribed a period of non‐weight bearing, averaging 3.5 weeks. Seven of 13 patients were prescribed a formal ‘partial weight bearing’ (50%) period averaging 6.4 weeks.ConclusionThere was a significant increase in paediatric BSI presentation over the COVID‐19 lockdowns. This may be linked to the effect of reduced physical activity. Knowledge of the three clear tibial morphologies identified in this study will inform future diagnosis and reduce investigation expenditure. These findings may inform public health measures during mandated lockdowns and raise a diagnostic framework for such injuries.
Macau as Method: Recombinant Urbanism in Post‐Socialist China
Authors: Simpson Tim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn ‘Asia as Method’, Chen Kuan‐Hsing argues for the value of an indigenous inter‐Asian approach to analysing the effects of European imperialism on the countries and citizens of Asia. This article mobilises both Chen's inter‐Asian referencing strategy and the city‐state of Macau to explore Macau's role in China's engagements with global capitalism. Macau was a European enclave in the Middle Kingdom, the site of China's initial encounter with capitalism during the Ming era, and the country's longest‐enduring foreign territory. Adopting a geological or new materialist approach to Chinese urbanism, the article tracks the reiteration of the socio‐spatial Macau model in China's 19th century treaty port concessions, 20th century special economic zones, Greater Bay Area megacity, and the new demonstration zone of Hengqin Island, which is adjacent to Macau. The use of ‘Macau as method’ demonstrates the city's function in a recombinant spatial logic of development in which antecedent geo‐spatial forms from China's earlier encounters with capitalism are recovered and reused. As such, Macau serves as an indigenous model for China's contemporary post‐socialist development.
Too Much of a Good Thing? Challenges to the Effectiveness of Digital Help Resources for Children and Youths
Authors: Krutzinna Jenny , Staksrud Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe investigate the accessibility of adult (professional) support for children encountering adverse online incidents. Emphasising the crucial role of adult intervention in serious cases, we underscore the significance of adults' awareness of children's online experiences. Drawing from the Norwegian context, a state with substantial child protection investment, we examine whether the abundance of support services may inadvertently compromise their primary objective. Our method consists of policy analysis of policy aimed at reducing harm to children in their everyday lives. Considering the stated policy goals, we critically evaluate the effectiveness of current support offerings to children in the digital space. Our findings reveal that despite allocating considerable resources towards child welfare, a gap in effectively supporting children after troubling online experiences remains. We identify several critical omissions in policy implementation, including a lack of focus on digital childhood and on children in vulnerable situations. We conclude that current policy approaches tend to lead to ‘more of the same’ with limited impact on support uptake and thus effectiveness. Consequently, we argue for more proactive and child‐centric approaches integrating children's digital and offline experiences, ensuring effective support that respects children's needs and rights in today's digital era. Finally, we provide suggestions for practical implementation.