bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: New ent‐Abietane and ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens.
Authors: Sun Han‐Dong , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2013

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of ent‐abierubesins A—E (I)—(IV) and new ent‐kauranoids, hubeirubesins A (V) and B (VI)
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Dependent Reduction of Carbohydrate Azides by Dithiothreitol.
Authors: Komarova Bozhena S. , Maryasina Sofia S. , Tsvetkov Yury E. , Nifantiev Nikolay E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA broad spectrum of carbohydrate‐derived azides can be efficiently reduced by DTT in the presence or absence of base to the corresponding amines.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of Pd—M Supported Catalysts Used in the Hydrogen Transfer Reactions (M: In, Bi and Te)
Authors: Witonska Izabela A. , Walock Michael J. , Dziugan Piotr , Karski Stanislaw , Stanishevsky Andrei V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReview: 51 refs.
Soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) levels in patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer receiving chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab: Results from North Central Cancer Treatment Group adjuvant trial N9831
Authors: Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Hillman David W. , Dyar Stephen H. , Tenner Kathleen S. , Gralow Julie , Kaufman Peter A. , Davidson Nancy E. , Lafky Jacqueline M. , Reinholz Monica M. , Lingle Wilma L. , Kutteh Leila A. , Carney Walter P. , Dueck Amylou C. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDIncreased soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (sHER2) is an indicator of a poor prognosis in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. In this study, the authors evaluated levels of sHER2 during treatment and at the time of disease recurrence in the adjuvant North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 clinical trial.METHODSThe objectives were to describe sHER2 levels during treatment and at the time of recurrence in patients who were randomized to treatment arms A (standard chemotherapy), B (standard chemotherapy with sequential trastuzumab), and C (standard chemotherapy with concurrent trastuzumab). Baseline samples were available from 2318 patients, serial samples were available from 105 patients, and recurrence samples were available from 124 patients. The cutoff sHER2 value for the assay was 15 ng/mL. Statistical methods included repeated measures linear models, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Cox regression models.RESULTSThere were differences between groups in terms of age, menopausal status, and hormone receptor status. Within treatment arms A, B, and C, patients who had baseline sHER2 levels ≥15 ng/mL had worse disease‐free survival than patients who had baseline sHER2 levels <15 ng/mL (arm A: hazard ratio, 1.81; P = .0014; arm B: hazard ratio, 2.08; P = .0015; arm C: hazard ratio, 1.96; P = .01). Among the 124 patients who experienced disease recurrence, sHER2 levels increased from baseline to the time of recurrence in arms A and B but remained unchanged in arm C. Patients who had recurrence sHER2 levels ≥15 ng/mL had a shorter survival after recurrence with a 3‐year overall survival rate of 51% compared with 77% for those who had recurrence sHER2 levels <15 ng/mL (hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐4.70; P = .01).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with early stage, HER2‐positive breast cancer, a high baseline sHER2 level was identified as a prognostic marker associated with shorter disease‐free survival, and a high sHER2 level at recurrence was predictive of shorter survival. Cancer 2013;119:2675–2682. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Lymph node management in patients with paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Dang Nguyen D. , Dang Phuong‐Thanh , Samuelian Jason , Paulino Arnold C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDParatesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (PTRMS) is the most common primary solid tumor arising from the mesenchymal tissue of the testis. Traditionally, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is not recommended for children aged <10 years because of the morbidity of the procedure and low risk of retroperitoneal lymph node involvement. In the current study, the authors analyzed the patient and tumor characteristics of PTRMS as well as survival outcomes associated with lymph node dissection status.METHODSA total of 255 cases of PTRMS were identified from the patient data reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute from 1973 through 2009.RESULTSAmong 173 patients aged ≥10 years, lymph node dissection was found to improve the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate from 64% to 86% (P < 0.01). Conversely, patients aged <10 years fared extremely well regardless of lymph node dissection status; the 5‐year OS rate was 100% and 97%, respectively, for patients who did versus those who did not undergo lymph node dissection (P = .37). The yield of positive lymph nodes was approximately ≥ 20% when < 11 lymph nodes were removed. The incidence of lymph node involvement was also higher in older patients compared with younger patients (40% vs 8%). Radiotherapy improved the OS rate in patients with lymph node involvement (5‐year OS rate: 90% with vs 36% without radiation; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSLymph node dissection is recommended in patients aged ≥10 years. Radiotherapy is beneficial in patients with lymph node‐positive disease. Cancer 2013;119:3228–3233. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Host–parasite genotypic interactions in the honey bee: the dynamics of diversity
Authors: Evison Sophie E. F. , Fazio Geraldine , Chappell Paula , Foley Kirsten , Jensen Annette B. , Hughes William O. H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractParasites are thought to be a major driving force shaping genetic variation in their host, and are suggested to be a significant reason for the maintenance of sexual reproduction. A leading hypothesis for the occurrence of multiple mating (polyandry) in social insects is that the genetic diversity generated within‐colonies through this behavior promotes disease resistance. This benefit is likely to be particularly significant when colonies are exposed to multiple species and strains of parasites, but host–parasite genotypic interactions in social insects are little known. We investigated this using honey bees, which are naturally polyandrous and consequently produce genetically diverse colonies containing multiple genotypes (patrilines), and which are also known to host multiple strains of various parasite species. We found that host genotypes differed significantly in their resistance to different strains of the obligate fungal parasite that causes chalkbrood disease, while genotypic variation in resistance to the facultative fungal parasite that causes stonebrood disease was less pronounced. Our results show that genetic variation in disease resistance depends in part on the parasite genotype, as well as species, with the latter most likely relating to differences in parasite life history and host–parasite coevolution. Our results suggest that the selection pressure from genetically diverse parasites might be an important driving force in the evolution of polyandry, a mechanism that generates significant genetic diversity in social insects.
Chemical Reactions of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Supercritical Water
Authors: Tschannen Ryan , Gonzales Aaron , Lee Sunggyu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUtilization of biomass and waste products for the production of synthesis gas is an important step towards generating useful fuels from renewable resources. Cellulose and glycerin are two such products that can either be decomposed into useful chemicals or completely gasified. One technique that is used is the decomposition of these compounds in a supercritical water medium. To use this process effectively, a complete and comprehensive understanding of the reaction pathway and the kinetics of decomposition is required. Two of the intermediate compounds produced during the decomposition of cellulose and glycerin in supercritical water are formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. This study was performed to elucidate the various reactions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in supercritical water. Experiments were conducted non‐catalytically in a continuous, 0.1 L Haynes 282 alloy reactor at 24.2 MPa with a residence time of 30 s. Temperatures of 500 to 700 °C were investigated at water‐to‐carbon molar feed ratios of 5:1 and 3.8:1 for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde respectively. By using the analysis results for the gas and liquid effluents, reaction schemes were constructed that described the reaction behavior of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in supercritical water under gasification conditions.
Pragmatism, Evidence, and Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Hall Jori N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMixed methods evaluation has a long‐standing history of enhancing the credibility of evaluation findings. However, using mixed methods in a utilitarian way implicitly emphasizes convenience over engaging with its philosophical underpinnings (Denscombe, 2008). Because of this, some mixed methods evaluators and social science researchers have been criticized for an a‐paradigmatic stance (Greene, 2007). Critics posit that this seemingly unreflective “what‐works” (Denzin, 2012) approach threatens the validity of findings (Lipscomb, 2008). This chapter maintains this position and argues that evaluators need to examine their philosophical orientations and how this informs credible evidence in mixed methods evaluation. Accordingly, this work provides an overview of Deweyan pragmatism, emphasizing intelligent action. Next, important aspects of intelligent action are used to explore central questions in mixed methods evaluation and evidenced‐based practice. To conclude, a case example, illustrating how intelligent action can inform mixed methods evaluation, is offered. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
What Does a Transformative Lens Bring to Credible Evidence in Mixed Methods Evaluations?
Authors: Mertens Donna M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCredibility in evaluation is a multifaceted concept that involves consideration of diverse stakeholders' perspectives and purposes. The use of a transformative lens is proposed as a means to bringing issues of social justice and human rights to the foreground in decisions about methodology, credibility of evidence, and use of evaluation findings. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Considering the Evidence‐and‐Credibility Discussion in Evaluation Through the Lens of Dialectical Pluralism
Authors: Burke Johnson R. , Stefurak Tres 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCredibility of evidence in evaluation is examined through the lens of dialectical pluralism (DP). Principles of procedural justice are a core element of DP and help justify outcomes of its application. A key message is that DP and the associated circle of scientific evidence and knowledge model can aid the evaluation community in producing an inclusive evaluation knowledge generation, dissemination, and use system, where practice‐to‐theory and theory‐to‐practice evidence continually inform each other in a multiple stakeholder environment. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Thinking Outside the Randomized Controlled Trials Experimental Box: Strategies for Enhancing Credibility and Social Justice
Authors: Hesse‐Biber Sharlene 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSome evaluators employ randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as the gold standard of evidence‐based practice (EBP). Critics of RCT designs argue that RCTs do not include the complexity of program participants' experiences or clinical expertise, and couple this with criticisms that it is difficult to transfer RCT findings from the laboratory to the real world of clinical practice. The evaluation questions applied to RCT designs often exclude issues related to participants' gender, race, class, and other differences, furthering the stereotyping process (Rogers & Ballantyne, 2009). I argue that weaving in a subjectivist methodology and shifting methodological perspectives and methods into RCT‐based evaluations prior to, during, or after the RCT design serves to enhance the credibility and social‐justice RCT praxis. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The Use of Mixed Methods in Randomized Control Trials
Authors: White Howard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEvaluations should be issues driven, not methods driven. The starting point should be priority programs to be evaluated or policies to be tested. From this starting point, a list of evaluation questions is identified. For each evaluation question, the task is to identify the best available method for answering that question. Hence it is likely that any one study will contain a mix of methods. A crucial question for an impact evaluation is that of attribution: What difference did the intervention make to the state of the world? (framed in any specific evaluation as the difference a clearly specified intervention or set of interventions made to indicators of interest). For interventions with a large number of units of assignment, this question is best answered with a quantitative experimental or quasi‐experimental design. And for prospective, or ex ante, evaluation designs a randomized control trial (RCT) is very likely to be the best available method for addressing this attribution question if it is feasible. But just the attribution question will be answered. A high‐quality impact evaluation will answer a broader range of evaluation questions of a more process nature, both to inform design and implementation of the program being evaluated and for external validity. Mixed methods combine the counterfactual analysis from an RCT with factual analysis with the use of quantitative and qualitative data to analyze the causal chain, drawing on approaches from a range of disciplines. The factual analysis will address such issues as the quality of implementation, targeting, barriers to participation, or adoption by intended beneficiaries. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The Contribution of Pluralistic Qualitative Approaches to Mixed Methods Evaluations
Authors: Frost Nollaig , Nolas Sevasti‐Melissa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere is a strong trend in policy‐making circles for strategic, systemic, and large‐scale interventions. Although such trends make sense in terms of economy of scale and scope, the political will necessary for making these large‐scale interventions a reality is often lacking, and the problem of the transferability of interventions from one local context to another (e.g., from trial conditions to local communities, and then across local communities) remains largely unsolved (Cartwright & Munro, 2010). ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Implementation of the PICCOLO in Infant Mental Health Practice: A Case Study
Authors: Wheeler Rebecca , Ludtke Mary , Helmer Julie , Barna Natalia , Wilson Karol , Oleksiak Carol 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis case study examined the integration of the PICCOLO tool within home‐based services using an infant mental health approach with a family at risk. The tool was identified as best practice in Michigan and fits well with basic infant mental health theory. A narrative case example shows the use of the tool with a family and in supervision. Some of the benefits of using the PICCOLO within an infant mental health approach include (a) fostering a paradigm shift in multiple relationships from a deficit model toward a focus on strengths, (b) promoting efficacy and a positive outlook in parents, (c) documenting the impact of services on the parent–infant relationship, (d) providing a concrete structure for developmental guidance and strategies for using existing strengths to drive interventions, (e) allowing better sensitivity to unique strengths in families with children with special needs, (f) increasing observation skills and reflective capacity for the therapist.
Organ specific optical imaging of mitochondrial redox state in a rodent model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia‐1
Authors: Ghanian Zahra , Maleki Sepideh , Park SunYoung , Sorenson Christine M. , Sheibani Nader , Ranji Mahsa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia‐1 (HHT‐1) is a vascular disease caused by mutations in the endoglin (Eng)/CD105 gene. The objective of this study was to quantify the oxidative state of a rodent model of HHT‐1 using an optical imaging technique. We used a cryofluorescence imaging instrument to quantitatively assess tissue metabolism in this model. Mitochondrial redox ratio (FAD/NADH), FAD RR, was used as a quantitative marker of the metabolic status and was examined in the kidneys, and eyes of wild‐type and Eng +/– mice. Kidneys and eyes from wild‐type P21, 6W, and 10M old mice showed, respectively, a 9% (±2), 24% (±0.4), 15% (±1), and 23% (±4), 33% (±0.6), and 30% (±2) change in the mean FAD RR compared to Eng +/– mice at the same age. Thus, endoglin haploinsufficiency is associated with less oxidative stress in various organs and mitigation of angiogenesis. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Does Hormone Replacement Normalize Bone Geometry in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa?
Authors: DiVasta Amy D , Feldman Henry A , Beck Thomas J , LeBoff Meryl S , Gordon Catherine M 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Young women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have reduced secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estrogen contributing to skeletal deficits. In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we investigated the effects of oral DHEA + combined oral contraceptive (COC) versus placebo on changes in bone geometry in young women with AN. Eighty women with AN, aged 13 to 27 years, received a random, double-blinded assignment to micronized DHEA (50 mg/day) + COC (20 µg ethinyl estradiol/0.1 mg levonorgestrel) or placebo for 18 months. Measurements of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the total hip were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. We used the Hip Structural Analysis (HSA) program to determine BMD, cross-sectional area (CSA), and section modulus at the femoral neck and shaft. Each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the age-, height-, and lean mass-specific mean from an independent sample of healthy adolescent females. Over the 18 months, DHEA + COC led to stabilization in femoral shaft BMD (0.0 ± 0.5% of normal mean for age, height, and lean mass/year) compared with decreases in the placebo group (−1.1 ± 0.5% per year, p = 0.03). Similarly, CSA, section modulus, and cortical thickness improved with treatment. In young women with AN, adrenal and gonadal hormone replacement improved bone health and increased cross-sectional geometry. Our results indicate that this combination treatment has a beneficial impact on surrogate measures of bone strength, and not only bone density, in young women with AN. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Second‐trimester prenasal and prefrontal skin thickening—Association with MECP2 triplication syndrome
Authors: Wax Joseph R. , Pinette Michael G. , Smith Rosemarie , Chard Renée , Cartin Angelina 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMECP2 triplication syndrome is a rare and usually lethal genetic disorder characterized by progressive neurologic and cognitive regression. None of the four reported cases describe prenatal sonographic features of affected offspring. We report a second‐trimester fetus with marked prefrontal and prenasal skin thickening, retrognathia, and later, third‐trimester mild cerebral ventriculomegaly. Amniocyte karyotype was normal male, but newborn whole‐genome oligonucleotide microarray showed duplication and triplication of chromosome Xq28 containing the MECP2 gene. Comparative genomic hybridization may be diagnostic in fetuses with prefrontal and prenasal skin thickening, additional sonographic findings, and normal karyotype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:434–437, 2013
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound of liver lesions related to arterial thrombosis in adult liver transplantation
Authors: Fontanilla Teresa , Noblejas Ana , Cortes Cristina , Minaya Javier , Mendez Santiago , Van den Brule Enrique , Hernando Concepcion Gonzalez , Alfageme Marta , Baños Isolina , Aguirre Elisa 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe the contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of liver and biliary lesions related to hepatic artery thrombosis in adult patients with orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsGray‐scale ultrasound (US), Doppler US, and CEUS using a hexafluoride‐based US contrast media were performed on a series of eight patients with liver transplantation and hepatic artery thrombosis.ResultsSix of the cases presented infarctions, seen as parenchymal geographic areas of lack of enhancement. Biliary necrosis, seen as nonenhancing periportal cuff, was seen in one case. Infected biloma, seen as a nonenhancing hilar collection, was present in two cases. Infarction and biloma coexisted in one patient. Two abscesses were seen as a late complication in one case. One of them was seen as a typical necrotic abscess with a central nonenhancing area and peripheral rim enhancement higher than the surrounding liver. The other one was seen as a partially liquefied abscess.ConclusionCEUS was useful to diagnose lesions related to hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplantation. It enabled distinguishing between them and to define their size and extension better than conventional gray‐scale US. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:493–500, 2013;
Molecular evolution and expression of archosaurian β‐keratins: Diversification and expansion of archosaurian β‐keratins and the origin of feather β‐keratins
Authors: Greenwold Matthew J. , Sawyer Roger H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe archosauria consist of two living groups, crocodilians, and birds. Here we compare the structure, expression, and phylogeny of the beta (β)‐keratins in two crocodilian genomes and two avian genomes to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary origin of the feather β‐keratins. Unlike squamates such as the green anole with 40 β‐keratins in its genome, the chicken and zebra finch genomes have over 100 β‐keratin genes in their genomes, while the American alligator has 20 β‐keratin genes, and the saltwater crocodile has 21 β‐keratin genes. The crocodilian β‐keratins are similar to those of birds and these structural proteins have a central filament domain and N‐ and C‐termini, which contribute to the matrix material between the twisted β‐sheets, which form the 2–3 nm filament. Overall the expression of alligator β‐keratin genes in the integument increases during development. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that a crocodilian β‐keratin clade forms a monophyletic group with the avian scale and feather β‐keratins, suggesting that avian scale and feather β‐keratins along with a subset of crocodilian β‐keratins evolved from a common ancestral gene/s. Overall, our analyses support the view that the epidermal appendages of basal archosaurs used a diverse array of β‐keratins, which evolved into crocodilian and avian specific clades. In birds, the scale and feather subfamilies appear to have evolved independently in the avian lineage from a subset of archosaurian claw β‐keratins. The expansion of the avian specific feather β‐keratin genes accompanied the diversification of birds and the evolution of feathers. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B: 393–405, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.