bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the Antibacterial Activity of some Macro Algae Isolated from Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Salman Nagham Dawood , Dwaish Ahmed Sahi , Kareem Sawsan Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Because of their aggressiveness and capacity to build biofilms, multidrug-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus present a global threat and cause chronic illnesses. This study focused on two different areas: first, it looked at the antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm activity of bacteria isolates taken from wounds and newborns. Secondly, it investigated the possibility of using algal extracts as strong agents that combat bacteria and biofilm formation. Two algal extracts, Spirogyra and Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) methanol extract were examined separately for their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. The antibacterial and antibiofilm qualities of the algal extract were assessed. Algal extracts may be useful as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents to treat illnesses that are resistant to drugs, according to this study. It is necessary to conduct further research in clinical applications.
Weed Management of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Chemical Control Conditions
Authors: Ali Al-Luhiby Jassim Khader , Ahmed Muhammad Ramadan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the winter season 2022-2023, with the aim of knowing the effect of the concentrations of some herbicides, as well as the competitive ability of some bread wheat varieties. A completely randomized block design (split-factorial) was used. The experiment includes two factors. The first factor (herbicides) in (main plot): Selective weed herbicides to combat the weeds accompanying the wheat crop. In addition to the first indoor treatment (Atlantis) to combat narrow and broad-leaved weeds, with three concentrations (480, 320, 160) g/ha + (480) milliliters of diffuser for every 400 liters/ha. Secondly (Topic) to combat the narrow-leaved weeds at a concentration of (600, 300, 900) liters/ha, ml per 400 liters/ha. In addition to the comparison treatment untreated (control), where it was sprayed with distilled water only. The second factor is the variety factor : three varieties of soft wheat crop, namely (Badriya, Gad and Bentlou). The results of the experiment showed the following regarding the rates of the varieties outperforming the Jad variety, with a percentage of control reaching (50.04)%. The Bentlow variety was superior in terms of total yield, inhibition rate, and lowest weed weight At a rate of (320) kg/ha, (48.45)%, and (230.6) plants/m2, respectively. While the Badriya variety excelled in terms of having the highest seed weight, which reached (41.77) grams. As for herbicide rates and concentrations, the herbicide Atlantis at the recommended concentration recorded the highest values for the weight of the weed, the percentage of weed inhibition, the percentage of weed control, the weight of 1000 grain, and the total yield At a rate of (166.3) plants/m2, (59.94)%, (57.14)%, (40.59) grams and (3.75) tons/ha-1, respectively.
The Growth and Yield of Oat Cultivars Influenced by Kinetin Application
Authors: Saleh B. H. , Abdulkareem Baraa M. , Shahatha S. Sh. , Mousa O. M. , Abdulhamed Zeyad A. , Abood Nihad M. , Ali Alkaisy Abed Ul-Lateef M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA field experiment was conducted during the winter season (2021-2022) at the College of Agriculture Research Station - Anbar University, located at longitude 43.39 and latitude 33.44, to study the effect of foliar nutrition with kinetin on some growth and yield traits of oat cultivars. In this study, a split-plot design according to RCBD with three replications was used. The main plots included kinetin levels (0, 50, 100, and 150) mg L-1, while the cultivars (Al-Juda, Carlup, Genzania) were allocated to sub-plots. Oat cultivars differed significantly in most of the studied traits. The Carlup cultivar recorded the shortest duration to reach the physiological maturity stage and the highest plant height (118.01 cm), leaf area, average number of tillers per unit area, chlorophyll content, and grain yield (5.38 tons ha-1). Kinetin application improved the studied vegetative growth traits, yield, and its components. The concentration of 150 mg L-1outperformed in most of the studied traits such as chlorophyll content, leaf area, number of tillers, and grain yield (5.73 tons ha-1), and did not differ significantly from the concentration of 100 mg L-1. A significant interaction effect between cultivars and kinetin concentrations was found in most of the studied traits. Plants of the Carlup cultivar sprayed with a concentration of 150 mg L-1achieved the highest average grain yield of 5.96 tons ha-1.
Response of Certain Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean Crop to Ascorbic Acid Spraying and Irrigation Interval
Authors: Hammad Ahmed Jappar , Ali Imad M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To find out how ascorbic acid spraying affects the biochemical characteristics of soybean crops under various irrigation interval impacts, as well as the extent to which the optimal ascorbic acid spray concentration may be recognized, a field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2023 at the College of Agriculture research station in the Al-Bu’itha area, Anbar Governorate. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used in the study’s split-plot layout. The experiment’s main plots had irrigation intervals of 4, 8, and 12 days, while ascorbic acid spray concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg L-1 were included in the sub-plots. The findings indicate that the concentration of ascorbic acid of 3000 mg L-1 surpassed the greatest mean in terms of chlorophyll content, carotene content, POD, and SOD achieving measurements of 32.1 mg g-1 fresh weight, 874.5 mg g-1 fresh weight, 56.7, and 0.811 respectively. In contrast same concentration of ascorbic acid recorded the lowest average of in terms of H2O2 and MDA had 2.893 and 0.77 respectively. Whereas, irrigation interval the 4-day interval produced the best results in terms of chlorophyll content, and carotene content, were 39.37 mg g-1 fresh weight and 898.8 mg g-1 fresh weight respectively. While the 12-day interval recorded highest average of POD, SOD, H2O2 and MDA had 74.011, 1.409,6.07 and 1.448 respectively.
The Effects of Weed Control and Plant Density on the Yield and Components of Mung Bean and Accompanying Weeds
Authors: Kanoosh Adel A. , Mohammed Yas A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2023 at the Al-Hamidia research station of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University, with the aim of studying the effect of several weed control treatments and three plant spacing distances on the growth and yield of mung bean, its components, and the accompanying weeds. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) in split-plot design with three replications. The main plots included the weed control treatments (Bentazon + Gallant super sprayed at the recommended rate of 2 liters ha-1 + 0.750 L-1, Bentazon + Gallant super sprayed at half the recommended rate and the same two pesticides sprayed at half the recommended rate, in addition to the weed-free treatment and the weedy treatment). While sub-plots were occupied by the plant spacing distances (10, 20 and 30 cm). The results showed a significant effect of control treatments and planting distances between plants for all studied traits, where the weed control herbicides treatment (Bentazon + Gallant super) at the recommended rate was significantly superior in reducing weed dry weight, chlorophyll index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield (39. 14 g m-2, 47.80 SPAD, 26.09 pods plant-1, 9.89 seeds pod-1, 6.62 g, 100 seeds and seed yield and 1.636 tons ha-1) respectively. The 10 cm planting distance between plants was superior in reducing weed dry weight to 68.18 g m-2 with the highest seed yield of 1.588 tons ha-1. The seed yield varied significantly depending on the treatment. The weed-free treatment with 10 cm spacing produced the highest yield (2.256 tons ha-1), followed by 2.178 tons ha-1 from the recommended rate of Bentazon + Gallant super applied half the rate with the same spacing, and 2.052 tons ha-1 from the same two herbicides, which did not differ significantly but was significantly different from the weedy treatment.
Efficiency of the RAPD Molecular Indicator to Determine the Genetic Polymorphism of Flax Genotypes
Authors: Oudah Ali Mahdi , Abdulhamed Zeyad A. , Hammadi Hamdi Jasim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn experiment was carried out during the winter season 2022-2023, using ten genotypes of flax (2 Sakiha, 5 Sakiha, 7 Sakiha, 8 Sakiha, 9 Sakiha, Giza 3, Giza 4, Giza 5, Pure line 107, and Blanka). To determine the genetic fingerprint of flax genotypes. RAPD markets were used to evaluate genetic polymorphism ce between 10 genotypes of flax. All 11 primers produced 142 bands, at a rate of 11.83 bands per primer. The number of polymorphism t pieces ranged between 15 for primer UBC556 and 9 for primer A82, with a molecular weight that ranged between 400-2250 bp. The total number and percentage reached For dissimilar pieces, 125 and 88.08%, respectively. The highest percentage of discrepancies reached 100% for primers UBC604 and B24. Based on the binary data, genetic similarity, and the relatedness chart, the flax genotypes were separated into major and secondary groups. Analysis of the groups under the comparison ratio of the combinations within the relatedness chart showed that the variety Sakiha 5 with the structure Giza 4 and the structure Pure line 107 gave the highest genetic dimension, reaching 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. Perhaps this will be reflected in the flax later. The results indicated that RAPD parameters are highly efficient in diagnosing purity and genetic polymorphism between flax genotypes, so efficient selection of subsequent generations is possible.
Effect of Plant Density on some Productive Traits for Some Introduced Peanut Genotypes
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Nouri A. H. A , Abas Sinan A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in the Al-Sufiya area in Al-Ramadi on the right bank of the Euphrates River during the summer season of the year 2023 to investigate the effect of plant densities of 44444, 53333, and 66666, plants ha-1. The plants were planted at a single distance between rows of 75 cm and three plant spacing within the row (20, 25, 30 cm). Four genotypes of field peanuts were used, three of which were introduced (NC7, Masal, Ausa hanim) compared to the local genotype, Saadiya, in the yield traits of the field peanut crop. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replications, in a split plot arrangement, where plant densities occupied the main plots and genotypes occupied the sub plots. The results indicated significant differences among the genotypes. The genotypeNC7 achieved the highest number of pods per plant (91.6 pods plant-1), while the genotype Masal outperformed in the number of seeds per pod (1.292 seeds pod-1). The genotype Masal also attained the highest seed yield (5.002 tons ha-1) with non-significant differences compared to the NC7 and Ausa hanim structures. Additionally, planting at the lower plant density of 44444 plants ha-1reduced competition per plant and resulted in the highest number of pods per plant (89.6 pods plant-1) and 100-seed weight (87.01 grams). However, increasing the number of plants per unit area up to 66666 plants per hectare led to a higher seed yield (4.969 tons ha-1). Consequently, the interaction between high density and the Masal genotype, as well as between high density and the NC7 genotype, resulted in the highest total seed yield, at 5.612 and 5.234 tons ha-1, respectively.
Separating and identifying Some Fatty Acids From Lantana camara L. Leaves and Flowers and Studying Their Effect Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Asri Omar J. , Sultan Fatimah I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study included the separation of some fatty acids using the saponification process from the petroleum ether extract that was prepared with the Soxhleet device. The separated fatty acids were identified with the GC-MC device. The results showed that the flowers contained fifteen fatty acids, the highest concentration being oleic acid at a retention time of 13.316\ minutes, and eight fatty acids in the leaves of lantana camara, the highest concentration being linoleic acid at a retention time of 6.096\ minutes. On the other hand, this study included a study of the biological effectiveness of fatty acids extracted from leaves and flowers of lantana camara against the bacteria used under study: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, if they achieved the highest inhibitory activity against Staph.aureus bacteria at a concentration of 400 mg/cm3 by 19±1 mm, As for the E. coli bacteria it had an effect of 19±1 mm at a concentration of 400–100 mg/cm3 compared to the antibiotics used under the study, while the inhibitory effects against the A.tumefaciens bacteria were significantly greater at the four concentrations used under the study.
Effect of Potassium Supplementation and Foliar Spraying with Ascorbic Acid on Some Yield Characteristics of Wheat Plants
Authors: Al-Masoudi Farah Nasser , Shannan Rawaa Ghafiel , Khudair Alasadi Fatima Karim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An experiment was conducted with plastic pots in Al-Husseiniya area in order to study the effect of potassium fertilization and foliar. spraying with ascorbic acid and their interactions on some yield characteristics of wheat (Abu Ghraib) grown in mixed sandy soil during the agricultural season 2023-2024. The experiment factors were represented by three levels of the add potassium (B), which in (0, 100, 200 kg K.h-1) Fertilization was carried out in three batches: after emergence, three leaf stage and at flowering. The second factor was represented by three concentrations of ascorbic acid (A), which are (0, 0.3, 0.6 gm) was sprayed in two - stages, the first the thinning stage (four-leaf stage) and the second at elongation (8-leaf stage). The experiment included 27 experimental units according to a completely randomized design (C.R.D) with three replications as described below: 1-Potassium fertilization had a significant effect on yield characteristics, as these traits increased with increasing potassium levels at the level of 200 kg K. h-1, represented by the number of spikes, the length of the spike, amounted to 3.32 spikes. Plant-1, 9.52 cm in order. 2-Foliar spraying with ascorbic acid showed a significant effect on some yield characteristics at a concentration of 0.6 gm represented by the number of spikes, the weight of the spike, and the number of grains per spike amounted to 3.54 spikes. Plant-1, 2.44 gm, 41.1 pcs. 1 spike in succession. 3-Show the bilateral interaction of foliar spraying with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.6gm and nitrogen fertilization at the level of 200 kg K.h-1 showed significant differences and gave the highest value for all yield characteristics represented by the number of spikes, the length of the spike, the weight of the spike, and the number of grains per spike, which amounted to 3.90 spikes. Plant-1, 10.58 cm, 2.68 g, 46.7 pcs. Sunbulah -1 in order and it is considered the best treatment.
Testicular Tissue Injury and Sperms Abnormalities Induced by Potassium Bromate and the Ameliorative Effect of Sesame Oil in Male Rats
Authors: Ali Jasim Shaimaa Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The potassium bromate is one of the food additives, mostly it used in bakeries as flour improver and dough conditioner. It is a nephrotoxic in humans and probable carcinogenic in human and rats. Depending on its duration of exposure and dose, it employs a various degree of toxicity consumed with food and water in the many organisms. The study was conducted to investigate about harmful and toxic effects of potassium bromate in addition, the protective role of sesame oil in male rats. The criteria for assessment measured through sperms head and tail abnormality rate, histopathological, and relative testes organ weight. Thirty-two male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used, the animals were separated in to four groups; each group consisted of eight animals. The first group treated distilled water considered a control, second group treated by sesame oil (4 ml/kilogram of body weight), the third group received about (12 mg of potassium bromate per one kilogram of body weight) and the fourth group received potassium bromate and sesame oil for 21 days. This study indicated significant increment p≤0.05 in the rate of sperm head and tail abnormality in group treated with potassium bromate and group treated with potassium bromate plus sesame oil as comparison with controls. In addition, the results identified significant decrement p≤0.05 of sperm head and tail abnormality rate in animal group treated with potassium bromate plus sesame oil when they were compared with group treated by potassium bromate alone. Additionally, the research identified damages in testes tissues of potassium bromate treated group and potassium bromate plus sesame oil group compared with controls. The study also indicated slightly histopathological damages in testes tissue in group was administrated potassium bromate plus sesame oil compared with group which was administrated potassium bromate only. The results reported significant decrement p≤0.05 of relative testes weight in animal group that was treated by potassium bromate, potassium bromate plus sesame oil compared by controls. Additionally, the results showed the positive role of sesame oil in significantly p≤0.05 enhancing KBrO3 affecting relative testes weight.
Yield and Quality of Sesame Under Various Weed Removal Periods and Predicting the Optimum Weed Control Time
Authors: Aadi Omar N. , Almarie Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present work aimed to estimate the optimum period for weed control and predict yield losses coming from weed competition of three Sesame varieties under various weed removal periods. A field experiment was conducted during the season of 2023 by making the study field free of weeds by hand weeding starting from sesame plant emergence until periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Then, weed plants are allowed to grow after these periods till the end of the growing season. Results of the study determined that the optimum period for wee control from the sesame plants’ emergence until the third week after emergence according to acceptable yield losses which was estimated by 10-12% in comparison to the yield of sesame plants served by weedy-free throughout the growing season. yield losses of sesame resulting from weed competition all over the growing season ranged from 66.42 to 95.95% for the three cultivated sesame varieties. The results of the present work recommend making the field free of weeds from emergence until the third week of the sesame plant age and not delaying the control operation by using any weed control that is still effective against weeds until this period to avoid unacceptable loss of the economic yield.
Effect of Seaweed Extract (Algareen-Twin) and Bio-Fertilizer (Optimus-Plus) on the Growth and Yield of Barley
Authors: Nafdan Al-Shammery Yaqub Mohammed , Aziz Moyassar Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of spraying levels of seaweed in a field experiment conducted in the Rabia district of the village (Al-Kubar), 106 km northwest of Mosul city. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of spraying levels of seaweed extract (100, 200, 300 ml. 100 L of water-1) and levels of bio-fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 ml.100 L of water-1) in the growth traits and yield of barley, as the results showed superiority to the level of seaweed extract (300 ml.100 L of water-1) for most of the traits studied ((plant height 84.26 cm), (tillers No. 530 tillers.m-2), (leaf chlorophyll content 48.71 SPAD), (Flag leaf area 25.07 cm2), (Spikes No. 450.5 Spikes.m-2), (Grain yield 499.56 g. m-2), (and the harvest index 52.37%)). As for the bio-fertilizer, the level (150 ml. 100 L of water-1) exceeded most of the studied traits ((plant height 81.51 cm), (Tillers No. 496.28 tillers. m-2), (chlorophyll content of leaves 45.46 SPAD), (Flag leaf area 24.81 cm2), (Spikes No. 428.06 Spike.m-2), (Grain yield 477.27 g.m-2), (and harvest index 50.11%)). The results also showed that the interaction of spraying seaweed extract at a level of (300 ml. 100 L of water-1) and the bio-fertilizer at a level of (150 ml. 100 L of water-1) had a significant positive effect for most of the studied traits, as follows: ((plant height 91.48 cm), (Tillers No. 551.17 tillers.m-2), (Chlorophyll content in leaves 52.13 SPAD), (Flag leaf area 26.62 cm2), (Spikes No. 473 spike.m-2), (Grain yield 602.92 g.m-2), and (Harvest index 57.05%)).
Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Canola
Authors: Jabr Mohammad Bushra Abdel , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S. , Mustafa Sala B. I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For the purpose of determining the impact of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, and 120 kg.ha-1) and sulfur fertilizer (0, 40, and 60 kg.ha-1) on production and growth indicators (number of leaves, number of branches, chlorophyll pigments, and fresh and dry weights), a field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2021/2022) in the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate, Al-Nouriyah Forest Division. Means were compared using the least significant difference test (LSD) at a 0.05 level of probability. In a factorial experiment employing a wholly randomized block design with three replications, treatment combinations were allocated among factors. The most important results obtained are that the 120 kg N ha-1 treatment recorded the highest means for plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and fresh weight, while the 60 kg N ha-1 treatment recorded the highest means for dry weight and total chlorophyll. As for the yield and its components, the 60 kg N ha-1 treatment was significantly excelled and recorded the highest means in the number of pods, the number of seeds, the weight of 200 seeds, grain yield, and dry matter yield, while the 120 kg N ha-1 treatment recorded the highest means in pod length. The treatment with 60 kg S ha-1 significantly affected all vegetative traits and yield traits studied except for the trait of 200 seed weight, which had the highest average when adding 40 kg S ha-1.