bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sintaxis digital en el ciberperiodismo universitario: ACN, Directo Bogotá, Escenario y Papiro, un caso
Authors: Barón Pulido Mireya 
Published: January 2015

El actual artículo expone los resultados de la investigación cualitativa que pretende evidenciar el comportamiento y las relaciones de tres características sustanciales en la sintaxis del periodismo uni- versitario en línea: niveles de hipertextualidad, de multimedialidad y de interactividad, tomando como punto de referencia la macronavegación y/o micronavegación de los documentos digitales. Esta primera exploración acude a la lectura detalla- da en el monitor y de sus textos digitales. Se utilizó el software Qualrus con el propósito de sustentar las categorías del AC –análisis de contenido– en las respectivas redes que visualizan la tendencia de macronavegación o micronavegación en los cuatro periódicos universitarios; etapa que se cotejó con los datos de la sesión de grupos focales emisores: ACN (Universidad Central), Directo Bogotá (Universidad Javeriana), Escenario (Universidad Santo Tomás) y Papiro (Politécnico Grancolombiano Institución Universitaria). Los datos arrojados se convierten en evidencia del comportamiento e incursión de la praxis ciberperiodística en el ámbito universitario, toda vez que son el escenario potenciador de la formación en competencias profesionales del periodista del siglo XXI en la región. Agradecemos la receptividad de los webmasters, diagramadores, docentes y estudiantes de las respectivas facultades que con su tiempo e información aportaron a la consecución de la investigación.
Álgebras booleanas Super-Magras y algunas aplicaciones a la Teoría de modelos
Authors: Posada Jaime 
Published: January 2015

En este trabajo es un acercamiento a las álgebras booleanas super-magras que permiten estudiar facetas de la teoría de modelos presentes en la demostración del teorema de Morley. Esencialmente son álgebras booleanas tales que su espacio de Stone no crece demasiado. Su estudio permitirá simplifi car algunos argumentos involucrados en el teorema de Morley, entre ellos la siguiente impli- cación: Si T es una teoría ω-estable enumerable con modelos infi - nitos entonces T es k -estable para todo k ≥ ω
¿Cómo los creativos de la publicidad generan sus ideas?
Authors: Atehortúa César 
Published: January 2015

Esta investigación estuvo encaminada a caracterizar los procesos cognitivos creativos presentes en publicistas expertos, a partir de una investigación exploratoria de estudio de caso. La investigación contó con una tarea cognitiva que se aplicó a dos directores creativos, con amplia trayectoria en el mundo publicitario y a dos creativos junior, que empiezan su carrera profesional. La tarea cognitiva en esta investigación consistió en desarrollar una pieza gráﬁca (aﬁche-producto) teniendo como base un brief. Luego de recopilar la información, se hizo un análisis de la pieza publicitaria (aﬁche) bajo el enfoque de cogni- ción creativa con el modelo Geneplore, el cual permitió establecer los procesos generativos, las estructuras y propiedades preinventivas, y los procesos exploratorios presentes en la creación del aﬁche por parte de los creativos publicitarios. La investigación permitió corroborar que el modelo Geneplore, utilizado como instrumento de abordaje para la creatividad publicitaria, es apropiado y consistente. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se hizo evidente que la creatividad publicitaria no requiere de la participación de todos los procesos generativos, ni involucra todas las estructuras preinventivas ni de todos los procesos exploratorios, como tampoco de todos los procesos exploratorios descritos en el modelo Geneplore. Sin embargo, dada la complejidad del tema y de las limitaciones propias del diseño de la investigación, los resultados obtenidos no pueden ser generalizados y requieren ser validados por medio del estudio de una muestra poblacional más amplia.
Fault diagnosis in a networked control system under communication constraints:
A quadrotor application
Authors: Chabir Karim , Sid Mohamed Amine , Sauter Dominique 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of attitude sensor fault diagnosis in a quadrotor helicopter. The proposed approach is composed of two stages. The first one is the modelling of the system attitude dynamics taking into account the induced communication constraints. Then a robust fault detection and evaluation scheme is proposed using a post-filter designed under a particular design objective. This approach is compared with previous results based on the standard Kalman filter and gives better results for sensor fault diagnosis.
Nonlinear control for a diesel engine: A CLF-based approach
Authors: Kuzmych Olena , Aitouche Abdel , Hajjaji Ahmed El , Bosche Jerome 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a control Lyapunov function based on a nonlinear controller for a turbocharged diesel engine. A model-based approach is used which predicts the experimentally observed engine performance for a biodiesel. The basic idea is to develop an inverse optimal control and to employ a Lyapunov function in order to achieve good performances. The obtained controller gain guarantees the global convergence of the system and regulates the flows for the variable geometry turbocharger as well as exhaust gas recirculation systems in order to minimize the NOx emission and the smoke of a biodiesel engine. Simulation of the control performances based on professional software and experimental results show the effectiveness of this approach.
A modified van der Pol equation with delay in a description of the heart action
Authors: Zduniak Beata , Bodnar Marek , Foryś Urszula 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a modified van der Pol equation is considered as a description of the heart action. This model has a number of interesting properties allowing reconstruction of phenomena observed in physiological experiments as well as in Holter electrocardiographic recordings. Our aim is to study periodic solutions of the modified van der Pol equation and take into consideration the influence of feedback and delay which occur in the normal heart action mode as well as in pathological modes. Usage of certain values for feedback and delay parameters allows simulating the heart action when an accessory conducting pathway is present (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome).
A primal sub-gradient method for structured classification with the averaged sum loss
Authors: Mančev Dejan , Todorović Branimir 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We present a primal sub-gradient method for structured SVM optimization defined with the averaged sum of hinge losses inside each example. Compared with the mini-batch version of the Pegasos algorithm for the structured case, which deals with a single structure from each of multiple examples, our algorithm considers multiple structures from a single example in one update. This approach should increase the amount of information learned from the example. We show that the proposed version with the averaged sum loss has at least the same guarantees in terms of the prediction loss as the stochastic version. Experiments are conducted on two sequence labeling problems, shallow parsing and part-of-speech tagging, and also include a comparison with other popular sequential structured learning algorithms.
Status of Female Adolescents Living at Rajshahi Slum in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhary Md. Shahidur Rahman , Rahman Md Mahfuzar 
Published: January 2015

Objective: To avoid the social consequences of unplanned pregnancy, transmission of STIs and HIV/AIDS, adolescents need to be awaked of their reproductive health. That is why; the study is aimed to know the present status of adolescents in terms of socio-demographic and menstrual management status living in slum areas of Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The data for this study were collected purposively in 2012 from 200 girls aged 10-19 who were slum living at RCC using a pre-designed questionnaire. The purpose and importance of this study were explained to the respondents before participating in this study. Results and discussion: The result showed that 64% of the respondents were in the group of 18-19 years. Around 9.5% of the adolescents had never gone to school. The maintenance of hygiene during menstruation is a vital aspect of adolescent reproductive health. But the result showed that about 94% of the respondents answered that they do not know the underlying reasons for what menstruation occurred. Only 5% of the respondents maintained some form of hygiene measurements (pad or clean cloth) during the onset of their menstruation. The result also indicated that 24.5% of the respondents felt physical illnesses during their menstruation. Conclusion: The authority should commit to ensuring that the needs, challenges, aspirations, vulnerabilities and rights of adolescents, especially for girls, are fully considered in this new development agenda. Keeping this in mind, adolescent friendly health services should be ensured by arranging special hours or special days for them, orienting and providing training to healthcare providers on how to counsel adolescents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.
L'évolution démographique récente en France : la diminution du nombre de mariages se poursuit
Authors: Mazuy Magali , Barbieri Magali , d’Albis Hippolyte 
Published: January 2015

Au premier janvier 2014, la France comptait 66 millions d’habitants (dont 63,9 millions en France métro politaine), soit un accroissement annuel de 4,2 ‰. En 2012, 180 000 titres de séjour ont été délivrés à des personnes immigrantes venant de pays tiers. Une majorité de titres concernaient des femmes. Les motifs des titres délivrés relèvent pour moitié de raisons familiales et pour un quart des études. La fécondité diminue légèrement, passant à 1,99 enfant par femme. Cette baisse, conjuguée à la diminution de la part des femmes en âge de procréer au sein de la population et à l’augmentation de la population totale, implique que le taux de natalité est également en baisse en 2013. Après une légère remontée en 2012, le nombre de mariages diminue à nouveau : d’après les données provisoires, on a enregistré 231 000 mariages en 2013. Le mariage a été ouvert aux couples de même sexe le 17 mai 2013 et 7 000 mariages ont été enregistrés entre mai et décembre 2013. Le nombre de pacs enregistrés en 2013 est de 168 000. Le nombre de décès en 2013 est provisoirement estimé à 572 000, et en France métropolitaine, il dépasse le seuil de 560 000. L’espérance de vie des femmes est de 85 ans et celle des hommes de 78,7 ans, soit un écart de 6,3 ans en légère diminution par rapport à l’année 2012.
Fécondité et scolarisation à Ouagadougou : le rôle des réseaux familiaux
Authors: Bougma Moussa , Pasquier-Doumer Laure , Legrand Thomas K. , Kobiané Jean-François 
Published: January 2015

La prégnance de réseaux de solidarités familiales est couramment invoquée dans la littérature pour expliquer pourquoi la relation observée en Afrique subsaharienne entre le nombre d’enfants et leur scolarisation ne correspond pas aux prédictions des modèles théoriques. En pouvant confier leurs enfants à la parentèle ou bénéficier d’un appui financier des membres de la famille élargie pour payer les frais de scolarité, les couples n’auraient pas à arbitrer entre la « quantité » et la « qualité » de leurs enfants. Cependant, faute de données adéquates, cette hypothèse explicative reste insuffisamment explorée sur le plan empirique. En mobilisant des données originales (Observatoire de population de Ouagadougou, Enquête rétrospective Demtrend 2012), cette étude évalue, à l’aide de modèles de régression logistique, l’effet combiné des réseaux familiaux et de la taille de la fratrie sur la scolarisation des enfants dans les quartiers périphériques de Ouagadougou. Les résultats montrent que les familles de grande taille bénéficient d’un appui plus fréquent des réseaux familiaux pour la scolarisation. De plus, les réseaux familiaux seraient en mesure de compenser l’effet négatif d’un nombre élevé d’enfants sur la scolarisation, mais seulement pour une partie de la population qui exclut les plus pauvres.
Influence of Femtosecond Lenticule Extraction and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction on Corneal Nerve Density and Ocular Surface: A 1-Year Prospective, Confocal, Microscopic Study
Authors: Ishii Rie , Shimizu Kimiya , Igarashi Akihito , Kobashi Hidenaga , Kamiya Kazutaka 
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the influence of femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on corneal nerve density and the ocular surface for equivalent degrees of correction of myopia.

METHODS:
Sixty eyes of 30 patients (8 males and 22 females, mean age: 31.0 ± 6.0 years) were included in the study. The patients underwent FLEx in 1 eye and SMILE in the other eye by random assignment. Subbasal nerve density was measured using confocal microscopy preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 and 3 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Ocular surface parameters such as Schirmer’s test results, tear film break-up time, and corneal sensation were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

In the FLEx group, subbasal nerve density was 18,390 ± 6,090
µ
m/mm
2
preoperatively and 5,770 ± 3,490
µ
m/mm
2
at 1 year postoperatively (
P
< .001, Dunnett’s test). In the SMILE group, subbasal nerve density was 16,810 ± 6,220
µ
m/mm
2
preoperatively and 11,870 ± 8,200
µ
m/mm
2
at 1 year postoperatively (
P
= .21). The decrease in corneal nerve density was significantly less after SMILE than after FLEx at all postoperative visits (Mann–Whitney
U
test,
P
< .05). FLEx resulted in a significant decrease in Schirmer’s test results, tear film break-up time, and corneal sensation at all postoperative visits, whereas SMILE induced no significant changes in these parameters (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
There was less damage to the sub-basal nerve plexus of the cornea and less effect on the ocular surface parameters after SMILE than after FLEx.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):10–15.]
Comparison of Visual Outcomes After Variable Spot Scanning Ablation Versus Wavefront-Optimized Myopic LASIK
Authors: Khalifa Mounir A. , Mossallam Ehab F. , Massoud Tamer H. , Shaheen Mohamed Shafik 
Published: January 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the refractive and visual outcomes of variable spot scanning ablation versus the wavefront-optimized ablation for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:
Fifty patients with myopia who underwent LASIK (100 eyes) were divided into two equal groups. Myopic correction performed using the variable spot scanning (VSS) ablation with the VISX STAR S4/IR platform (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) (VSS group) and wavefront-optimized (WFO) ablation profile with the WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) (WFO group). Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and corrected distance visual acuity were obtained preoperatively and 1 day and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Wavefront measurement and contrast sensitivity testing were done preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Postoperative mean refractive spherical equivalent was −0.14 ± 0.2 diopters for the VSS group and −0.15 ± 0.28 diopters for the WFO group. Forty-eight eyes of the VSS group and 47 eyes of the WFO group were within ±0.5 diopters. Postoperative mean corrected distance visual acuity was 1.05 ± 0.13 for the VSS group and 1.06 ± 0.12 for the WFO group. The postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 1.01 ± 0.16 for the VSS group and 1.01 ± 0.11 for the WFO group. The safety index was 1.12 for the VSS group and 1.06 for the WFO group, whereas the efficacy index was 1.07 for the VSS group and 1.01 for the WFO group. The mean induced positive spherical aberration was 0.041 ± 0.046
µ
m for the VSS group and 0.195 ± 0.171
µ
m for the WFO group (
P
< .001). Mesopic contrast sensitivity testing showed no statistically significant differences between groups at all tested spatial frequencies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both VSS and WFO treatments showed similar refractive and visual outcomes. Both induced significant positive spherical aberration, significantly more with WFO.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2015;31(1):22–28.]
β-Defensin 1 Plays a Role in Acute Mucosal Defense against Candida albicans
Authors: Tomalka Jeffrey , Azodi Elaheh , Narra Hema P. , Patel Krupen , O’Neill Samantha , Cardwell Cisley , Hall Brian A. , Wilson James M. , Hise Amy G. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Candida is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that colonizes the mucosal tract of humans. Pathogenic infection occurs in the presence of conditions causing perturbations to the commensal microbiota or host immunity. Early innate immune responses by the epithelium, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cytokines, are critical for protection against overgrowth. Reduced salivary AMP levels are associated with oral Candida infection, and certain AMPs, including human β-defensins 1–3, have direct fungicidal activity. In this study, we demonstrate that murine β-defensin 1 (mBD1) is important for control of early mucosal Candida infection and plays a critical role in the induction of innate inflammatory mediators. Mice deficient in mBD1, as compared with wild-type mice, exhibit elevated oral and systemic fungal burdens. Neutrophil infiltration to the sites of mucosal Candida invasion, an important step in limiting fungal infection, is significantly reduced in mBD1-deficient mice. These mice also exhibit defects in the expression of other AMPs, including mBD2 and mBD4, which may have direct anti-Candida activity. We also show that mBD1 deficiency impacts the production of important antifungal inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, KC, and IL-17. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a role for the mBD1 peptide in early control of Candida infection in a murine model of mucosal candidiasis, as well as in the modulation of host immunity through augmentation of leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory gene regulation.
Alterations in Antigen-Specific Naive CD4 T Cell Precursors after Sepsis Impairs Their Responsiveness to Pathogen Challenge
Authors: Cabrera-Perez Javier , Condotta Stephanie A. , James Britnie R. , Kashem Sakeen W. , Brincks Erik L. , Rai Deepa , Kucaba Tamara A. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Griffith Thomas S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Patients surviving the acute stages of sepsis develop compromised T cell immunity and increased susceptibility to infection. Little is known about the decreased CD4 T cell function after sepsis. We tracked the loss and recovery of endogenous Ag-specific CD4 T cell populations after cecal ligation and puncture–induced sepsis and analyzed the CD4 T cell response to heterologous infection during or after recovery. We observed that the sepsis-induced early loss of CD4 T cells was followed by thymic-independent numerical recovery in the total CD4 T cell compartment. Despite this numerical recovery, we detected alterations in the composition of naive CD4 T cell precursor pools, with sustained quantitative reductions in some populations. Mice that had experienced sepsis and were then challenged with epitope-bearing, heterologous pathogens demonstrated significantly reduced priming of recovery-impaired Ag-specific CD4 T cell responses, with regard to both magnitude of expansion and functional capacity on a per-cell basis, which also correlated with intrinsic changes in Vβ clonotype heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that the recovery of CD4 T cells from sepsis-induced lymphopenia is accompanied by alterations to the composition and function of the Ag-specific CD4 T cell repertoire.
ShcA Regulates Late Stages of T Cell Development and Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Numbers
Authors: Buckley Monica W. , Trampont Paul C. , Arandjelovic Sanja , Fond Aaron M. , Juncadella Ignacio J. , Ravichandran Kodi S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
T cell development in the thymus is a highly regulated process that critically depends upon productive signaling via the preTCR at the β-selection stage, as well as via the TCR for selection from the CD4+CD8+ double-positive stage to the CD4 or CD8 single-positive stage. ShcA is an adapter protein expressed in thymocytes, and it is required for productive signaling through the preTCR, with impaired signaling via ShcA leading to a developmental block at the β-selection checkpoint. However, the role of ShcA in subsequent stages of T cell development has not been addressed. In this study, we generated transgenic mice (CD4-Cre/ShcFFF mice) that specifically express a phosphorylation-defective dominant-negative ShcA mutant (ShcFFF) in late T cell development. Thymocytes in CD4-Cre/ShcFFF mice progressed normally through the β-selection checkpoint, but displayed a significant reduction in the numbers of single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes. Furthermore, CD4-Cre/ShcFFF mice, when bred with transgenic TCR mouse strains, had impaired signaling through the transgenic TCRs. Consistent with defective progression to the single-positive stage, CD4-Cre/ShcFFF mice also had significant peripheral lymphopenia. Moreover, these CD4-Cre/ShcFFF mice develop attenuated disease in CD4+ T cell–dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Collectively, these data identify an important role for the adapter protein ShcA in later stages of thymic T cell development and in peripheral T cell–dependent events.
NFAT1 and JunB Cooperatively Regulate IL-31 Gene Expression in CD4+ T Cells in Health and Disease
Authors: Hwang Ji Sun , Kim Gi-Cheon , Park EunBee , Kim Jung-Eun , Chae Chang-Suk , Hwang Won , Lee Changhon , Hwang Sung-Min , Wang Hui Sun , Jun Chang-Duk , Rudra Dipayan , Im Sin-Hyeog 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
IL-31 is a key mediator of itching in atopic dermatitis (AD) and is preferentially produced by activated CD4+ T cells and Th2 cells. Although pathophysiological functions of IL-31 have been suggested in diverse immune disorders, the molecular events underlying IL-31 gene regulation are still unclear. In this study we identified the transcription start site and functional promoter involved in IL-31 gene regulation in mouse CD4+ T cells. TCR stimulation–dependent IL-31 expression was found to be closely linked with in vivo binding of NFAT1 and JunB to the IL-31 promoter. Although NFAT1 alone enhanced IL-31 promoter activity, it was further enhanced in the presence of JunB. Conversely, knockdown of either NFAT1 or JunB resulted in reduced IL-31 expression. NFAT1-deficient CD4+ T cells showed a significant defect in IL-31 expression compared with wild-type CD4+ T cells. In agreement with these findings, mice subjected to atopic conditions showed much higher levels of IL-31, which were closely correlated with a significant increase in the number of infiltrated NFAT1+CD4+ T cells into the AD ears. Amelioration of AD progression by cyclosporin A treatment was well correlated with downregulation of IL-31 expressions in CD4+ T cells and total ear residual cells. In summary, our results suggest a functional cooperation between NFAT1 and JunB in mediating IL-31 gene expression in CD4+ T cells and indicate that interference with this interaction or their activity has the potential of reducing IL-31–mediated AD symptoms.