bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buddhism in Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Steenbrink Karel 
Published: May 2014

This article presents an overview of various ways in which Buddhists and Muslims have lived together in Indonesia since the arrival of Islam about 1200. It tells how Buddhism has slowly disappeared and become a religion for mainly the Chinese who, until the late 19th century, have often converted to Islam. This article analyzes the role of three key figures in the recent government–supported revival of Buddhism. These figures are the Chinese–Indonesian monk Ashin Jinarakkhita, the Balinese lay devotee and government official Oka Diputhera, and the Chinese–Indonesian businesswoman Sri Hartati Murdaya. They have tried to accommodate Buddhism to the Muslim–dominated nationalism of modern Indonesia. The result of the past five decades is that Buddhism has obtained a modest but safe position in independent Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.346
Jadwal A‘māl al-Aḥzāb al-Islāmīyah fī Indonesia al-Mu‘āṣirah: Bayn al-Sharī‘ah wa al-Dīmūqratīyah
Authors: Tasman Tasman 
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the responses of the proponents of political Islam toward the downfall of New Order regime and in creating political power at grassroots level. This trend has been marked by the demand to include those ‘seven words’ of the Jakarta Chapter of 1945 into the constitution. This aspiration has been represented by three major Islamic parties: United Development Party (PPP); the Crescent Star Party (PBB); and the Justice Party (PK). However, this political Islam aspiration has also been expressed by Muslim–based parties, namely the Nation’s Awakening Party (PKB) and the National Mandate Party (PAN). These two parties represent Indonesia’s largest Muslim organisations, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah respectively. PKB and PAN do not have agendas to implement Islamic sharī‘ah. The two parties consider that, theoretically, a relation between Islam and politics exists but not in the formal sense of a governmental system.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i1.351
Jejak-jejak Imperial dalam Beragam Nasionalisme Asia Tenggara
Authors: Ali-Fauzi Ihsan 
Published: May 2014

Anthony Reid, Imperial Alchemy: Nationalism and Political Identity in Southeast Asia (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010), xiii + 248 pages.Reid has long been widely known as a senior historian with a specialty in the history of Aceh, Sumatra, and the Indonesian revolution. Recently, he has begun to write about the history of Southeast Asia. Inspired by French historian Fernand Braudel, this work presents what Reid calls a “total history” of this region. In this approach wars, royal dynasties, and foreign traders are not prioritized over the diets, health, and pastimes of ordinary people. Through this work, Reid has begun to strengthen the study of Southeast Asia. As one of the pioneers and masters of the study of Asia and the Pacific, particularly Southeast Asia, Reid is uniquely positioned to offer new insights about this region’s history. In this book, Reid offers a new understanding of the historical data collected on the link between ethnic identity, nationalism, and history of Southeast Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v20i3.516
First Example of a Continuous-Flow Carbonylation Reaction Using Aryl Formates as CO Precursors
Authors: Alonso Nerea , de Muñoz Juan M. , Egle Brecht , Vrijdag Johannes L. , De Borggraeve Wim M. , de la Hoz Antonio , Díaz-Ortiz Angel , Alcázar Jesús 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The first continuous flow carbonylation reaction using aryl formates as CO precursor is reported. The reaction is practical, scalable and high yielding. The use of a flow protocol safely allows expanding the scope to activated chlorides, nitrogen heterocycles and to the selective introduction of an ester group in dihalo-derivatives. Further selective reduction of the ester formed to an aldehyde in flow is also described.
Interrelation between Light Emitting and Structural Properties of Si Nanoclusters Embedded in SiO2 and Al2O3 Hosts
Authors: Khomenkova L. , Kolomys O. , Strelchuk V. , Kuchuk A. , Kladko V. , Baran M. , Jedrzejewski J. , Balberg I. , Marie P. , Gourbilleau F. , Korsunska N. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe present work deals with the comparative investigation of Si-ncs embedded in SiO2 and Al2O3 dielectrics grown by RF magnetron sputtering on fused quarts substrate. The effect of post-deposition processing on the evolution of microstructure of the films and their optic and luminescent properties was investigated. It was observed that photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Six(SiO2)1-x films showed one PL band, which peak position shifts from 860 nm to 700 nm when the x decreases from 0.7 to 0.3. It is due to exciton recombination in Si-ncs. For Six(Al2O3)1-x films, several PL bands peaked at about 570-600 nm and 700-750 nm and near-infrared tail or band peaked at about 800 nm were found. Two first PL bands were ascribed to different oxygen-deficient defects of oxide host, whereas near-infrared PL component is due to exciton recombination in Si-ncs. The comparison of both types of the samples showed that the main radiative recombination channel in Six(SiO2)1-x films is exciton recombination in Si-ncs, while in Six(Al2O3)1-x films the recombination via defects prevails due to higher amount of interface defects in the Six(Al2O3)1-x caused by stresses.
XRF Study of Mexican Iron Gall Inks: Historical and Geographical Overview of their Chemistry
Authors: García Jocelyn Alcántara , Ruvalcaba Sil Jose Luis , Meeren Marie Vander 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTOver 2000 micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) measurements of iron gall inks were collected at the General Archive of the Nation in Mexico (Archivo General de la Nación, AGN). The portable X-Ray system SANDRA permitted detection of common elements present in all iron gall inks (e.g.Ca, Fe, S, etc.) as well as characteristic traces and impurities (e.g.Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, etc). The documents in the data set originate from all over Mexico and are dated between the 16thand 19thcenturies. All manuscripts were well preserved.Extensive statistical processing of the relative X-Ray intensities revealed common features in groups of documents with the same provenance. Among the findings, there is a progressive trend to complex mixtures from the beginning of the 16thcentury to the 17th. A reverse trend was observed for the following century. Zinc, lead and seldom arsenic, chromium and mercury seem characteristic for northern areas whereas manganese seems common to the vast majority of studied inks.As a general concern in conservation research, special attention was addressed to copper, as it is known to have additive effects to the degradation of cellulose. This metal seems fairly common to Mexican inks, especially during 18thcentury.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination taken to such a large number of inks. This study contributes to the more-focused development of suitable treatments that tailor specific needs, since they are to be based on of ink’s composition. It sets a precedent for the study of these inks in the Americas and allows conservators and historians to gain further insight into the history of their usage in Mexico.
Comparative Spectroscopic Analysis of Maya Wall Paintings from Ek’Balam, Mexico
Authors: Alonso A. , Pérez N. A. , Sil J. L. Ruvalcaba , Casanova E. , Claes P. , Melo V. Aguilar , Cañetas J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe Maya archaeological site of Ek’Balam is located in Yucatán, Mexico. This place is known for its artistic tradition of reliefs modeled in stucco as well as the rich pictorial and hieroglyphic texts. Although the mural played a key role in the artistic program architectural of elite groups, most of these remains have not been studied, either by its incomplete or fragile condition, or by localization in inaccessible substructures.In this study, technical aspects of the mural paintings from rooms 12 and 50 of the main building of the site are addressed by the spectroscopic analysis of its materials. Optical microscopy was used to observe the layers superposition and pigment distribution, while the stucco and rock support were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, the chromatic palette composed of different colors and tones of red, yellow, orange, green, blue and black were analyzed mainly with non-invasive techniques using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies as well as XRF.The information obtained from the combination of these analytical techniques, allowed a better understanding of the similarities and differences between these two rooms that were built during the last construction stage of the Acropolis. These results were also compared with previous analyses of mural painting of this site and other Maya paintings.
Analysis of Floors from Archaeological Site Chingú in Tula de Allende, Hidalgo State
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Joel , Cruz Alicia Bracamontes , Correa Pacheco Zormy N. , Jiménez Pérez José L. , Orea Alfredo Cruz 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSpectroscopy technique is used for various applications, for example in archaeology, in order to analyze samples of floors, including material excavation sites. In this work the floor samples that were found in two rooms belonging to a house in a residential Hispanic area, at different stratigraphic levels corresponding to the classical period, as well as samples that were collected in two deposits of lime (El Refugio and El Llano) around the site mentioned were analyzed. The characterization of the samples of the archaeological site Chingú in Tula de Allende in the state of Hidalgo was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the morphology of the samples and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the composition of cementitious material of the floors and natural material of lime deposits. Comparing these samples with other archaeological works of literature, the morphology and composition of manufactured floors will be discussed.
Novel Strategies for Biodetection: Preliminary Application to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Anderson Aaron S. , Vu Dung M. , Sanchez Timothy , Iyer Srinivas , Mukundan Harshini 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe sensor team at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is an integrated multidisciplinary group that develops both core technologies as well as accessory tools for efficient biodetection. We have developed a waveguide-based optical biosensor for the efficient and ultra-sensitive, rapid detection of biological agents. We have previously demonstrated the use of this technology for the detection of biomarkers associated with many diseases. Herein, we present the preliminary data demonstrating the extension of this technology to the discovery and detection of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). TBI afflicts a significant percentage of US troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, but is difficult to diagnose efficiently. Currently, only neuropsychological questionnaires are being used for the diagnosis of this condition, which can range from mild concussion to severe brain damage. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a rapid biomarker-based diagnostic for TBI in blood. However, this cannot be accomplished until a comprehensive repertoire of biomarkers secreted during brain injury is established. This requires an integrated biomarker discovery and detection approach that is sampled directly from human serum and cerebrospinal fluid.The results reported here are preliminary steps in that direction wherein we aim to develop two different methods for the discovery of novel biomarkers of TBI in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as develop assays for two biomarkers on an ultra-sensitive waveguide-based platform that was developed at LANL. We were able to evaluate two different methods for biomarker discovery: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in serum samples. In addition to development of depletion protocols to remove abundant proteins in serum, we were also able to detect spiked TBI biomarkers using both methods. However, the results clearly show that for protein biomarkers, MALDI MS is much more sensitive than 2-DE. We also developed a sandwich immunoassay on a waveguide-based platform for a TBI biomarker, procalcitonin, using commercially available antibodies. We show with our methods that we were able to directly detect procalcitonin from human serum. While our discovery and detection methods show promising results, these methods need to be further optimized before we can apply it to clinically relevant samples.
Neurological Consequences of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Initial Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort Study of Children
Authors: Cameron Fergus J. , Scratch Shannon E. , Nadebaum Caroline , Northam Elisabeth A. , Koves Ildiko , Jennings Juliet , Finney Kristina , Neil Jeffrey J. , Wellard R. Mark , Mackay Mark , Inder Terrie E. ,   on behalf of the DKA Brain Injury Study Group
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of new-onset diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during childhood on brain morphology and function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients aged 6–18 years with and without DKA at diagnosis were studied at four time points: &lt;48 h, 5 days, 28 days, and 6 months postdiagnosis. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy with cognitive assessment at each time point. Relationships between clinical characteristics at presentation and MRI and neurologic outcomes were examined using multiple linear regression, repeated-measures, and ANCOVA analyses.

RESULTS
Thirty-six DKA and 59 non-DKA patients were recruited between 2004 and 2009. With DKA, cerebral white matter showed the greatest alterations with increased total white matter volume and higher mean diffusivity in the frontal, temporal, and parietal white matter. Total white matter volume decreased over the first 6 months. For gray matter in DKA patients, total volume was lower at baseline and increased over 6 months. Lower levels of N-acetylaspartate were noted at baseline in the frontal gray matter and basal ganglia. Mental state scores were lower at baseline and at 5 days. Of note, although changes in total and regional brain volumes over the first 5 days resolved, they were associated with poorer delayed memory recall and poorer sustained and divided attention at 6 months. Age at time of presentation and pH level were predictors of neuroimaging and functional outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
DKA at type 1 diabetes diagnosis results in morphologic and functional brain changes. These changes are associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes in the medium term.
Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Trial
Authors:   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
We examined the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), compared with a diabetes support and education (DSE) control intervention, on long-term changes in depression symptoms, antidepressant medication (ADM) use, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Look AHEAD was a multisite randomized controlled trial of 5,145 overweight/obese participants assigned to ILI (designed to produce weight loss) or DSE and followed for a median of 9.6 years. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered at baseline, annually at years 1–4, and again at year 8. Mean BDI scores and incidence of BDI scores ≥10, indicative of likely mild or greater depression, were examined. Annually through year 10, participants reported their ADM use and completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which yields physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores.

RESULTS
ILI significantly reduced the incidence of mild or greater depression symptoms (BDI scores ≥10) compared with DSE (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85; 95% CI 0.75–0.97; P = 0.0145). Although SF-36 PCS scores worsened over time in both groups, ILI participants reported better physical function than DSE throughout the first 8 years (all P values &lt;0.01). There were no significant differences between treatment arms in the proportion of participants who used ADMs or in SF-36 MCS scores.

CONCLUSIONS
ILI for overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of developing clinically significant symptoms of depression and preserve physical HRQoL. These findings should be considered when evaluating the potential benefits of ILIs.
Insulin Analogs—Are They Worth It? Yes!
Authors: Grunberger George 
Published: May 2014

The availability of insulin analogs has offered insulin replacement strategies that are proposed to more closely mimic normal human physiology. Specifically, there are a considerable number of reports demonstrating that prandial insulin analogs (lispro, aspart, glulisine) have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles closer to normal, with resulting faster onset and offset of insulin effect when compared with regular human insulin. In addition, basal insulin analogs (glargine, detemir) have been reported to offer longer duration of action, less variability, more predictability, less hypoglycemia (especially nocturnal), and a favorable effect on weight. However, an argument against use of analog insulins as compared with use of regular or NPH insulin is one that states that the effectiveness and risk of hypoglycemia are the only two valid clinical outcomes that should be used to compare the analog and human insulins. Thus, there remains a debate in some circles that analog insulins are no more effective than human insulins, yet at a much higher financial cost. To provide an in-depth understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the counterpoint narrative, Dr. Davidson provides his argument and defends his opinion that outside of a few exceptions, analog insulins provide no clinical benefit compared with human insulins but cost much more. In the point narrative presented here, Dr. Grunberger provides a defense of analog insulins and their value in clinical management and suggests that when evaluating the “cost” of therapy, a much more global assessment is needed.
—William T. Cefalu
Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Sports Sponsorship Evolution in the Economic Recession: Analytical Evidence from Empirical Cases
Authors: Radicchi Elena 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Sport sponsorship has developed into a major global industry. Even though it is still a significant communication tool for companies, in recent years, sponsorship is no more just a matter of exposing a logo on a jersey or purchasing an in-stadium sign. Rather sponsors and sport entities should engage in an activity that enables them to exchange value. Sponsorships are moving toward complex patterns of interactions in which each “player” is engaged in a meaningful activity that can deliver mutual benefits. The aim of the paper is to analyze the sport sponsorship’s evolution in the latest economic recession. To understand the patterns of relations among different actors involved within a sport sponsorship arrangement, we take as “interpretive lenses” the strategic partnerships’ theoretical framework and make an application to a wide range of empirical sponsorship cases. Our main focus are national and international sponsorships related to professional teams and major sports events in which we are able to underline roles and strategic behaviors of sponsors and sport entities. The empirical analysis has been supported by a qualitative methodology. Data and information has been gathered using online secondary sources. Moreover, interviews with key executives and professionals involved within several sport sponsorships deals have been carried out. Findings suggest that sport sponsorships are assuming the role of a huge variety of agreements-exchange transactions, collaborations, strategic alliances, cooperation, consortia, etc.-that involve multiple complementary assets (technology, distribution channels, financial resources, etc.) and functions (R & D, marketing, organization, etc.). Furthermore, by implementing sports partnerships corporate and/or institutional actors are able to emerge among various stakeholders and to gain a global exposure.
The Determinants of Polish Society’s Participation in Sport and the Directions of Change
Authors: Dziubiński Zbigniew 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Sport plays an important role in modern societies, including those in Europe. However, individual countries differ in terms of their citizens’ participation in universally accessible sport. In some societies, the percentage of people who pursue different sports is high, while in other countries it is insignificant. What are the reasons behind such differences? What variables are crucial to accounting for these differences? How has Polish society changed in this regard? Theoretical and empirical analyses show that people in Poland are becoming increasingly active when it comes to sport. In terms of taking part in sport, Polish society is starting to catch up with other European societies. The decisive role in the process is played by: a) social factors (education and affluence), b) the ideals and values that dominate the local culture (physical appearance, kinetic pleasures, and positive emotions), and c) the efficiency and adequacy of the physical education system in schools (innovation, the use of cyberspace, and efforts aimed at addressing social needs). If these three areas of socialization - society, culture and physical education in schools - reach a high level of convergence and if fewer variables hinder the process than at present, people in Poland will become as physically active as other societies in the West.
Short- and medium-chain fatty acids as a feed supplement for weaning and nursery pigs
Authors: Hanczakowska E. , Szewczyk A. , Świątkiewicz M. , Okoń K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe effect of supplementing piglet diets with acidifiers containing the short-chain fatty acids - SCFA (propionic C3 and formic) together with medium-chain fatty acids - MCFA (caprylic C8 and capric C10) on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and small intestine structure was investigated. The study was performed on 326 piglets allocated to 5 experimental groups. They were fed a standard diet (Group I - control) or a standard diet supplemented with 0.5% propionic and formic acids (Group II - PF). Group III (PF + C8), group IV (PF + C10) and group V (PF + C8 + C10) received the same mixture as group II with a supplement of 0.2% of caprylic and/or capric acids, respectively. Apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbiological analyses were performed. The structure of jejunum mucosa was also examined. Piglets receiving capric acid (groups IV and V) had the highest body weight gains. Piglets receiving MCFA digested protein and fiber better (P≤0.05) than piglets receiving SCFA as acidifier. There was no difference in intestinal microflora except for Clostridium perfringens, the population of which was reduced by SCFA (group II). Villi of the mucosal epithelium were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in piglets receiving SCFA with capric acid (group IV). Under the conditions of this study a mixture of SCFA (propionic and formic) with capric acid significantly improves performance of piglets.