bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Pain in the Military: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rocha Emannuel Alcides Bezerra , Costa de Assis Sanderson Josć , Maia Dean Felipe Maciel , Barbosa Germanna de Medeiros , Neto Leonidas de Oliveira , Silva Rodrigo Scattone 
Published: July 2024

Background
The main cause for attrition of military training is musculoskeletal injuries to the knee, such as patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Objective
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify which factors increase the risk of occurrence of PFP in military personnel.

Study Design
Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Data Sources
Searches were performed in Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenGray.

Study Selection
We included studies that were prospective cohorts including military personnel and had at least one variable assessing a risk factor for PFP.

Data Extraction
Extraction was performed by the same two independent evaluators and the data was separated between the military personnel who developed PFP and those who did not.

Data Synthesis
Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and the levels of recommendation were determined.

Results
From 11 articles, this review grouped 7,518 military personnel, of which 572 developed PFP, characterizing a prevalence of 7.61%. We found moderate evidence that isokinetic knee extensor weakness predicts PFP in the military (SMD -0.69, 95%CI -1.02, -0.35). A higher frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) during single-leg squat was also identified as a risk factor for PFP in this population (SMD 0.55, 95%CI 0.14, 0.97) with moderate level of evidence. We found moderate evidence that sex, body mass index, isometric knee extensors strength, and isokinetic knee flexors strength do not predict PFP in military personnel. Finally, there is strong evidence that age and body mass do not predict PFP in this population.

Conclusions
Deficits in isokinetic knee extensor strength and a greater FPKPA are risk factors for PFP in military personnel. Since these are modifiable factors, these aspects should be considered in injury prevention interventions in the military.
Antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of spirulina against 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary cancer
Authors: Hamdy Soha M. , Mostafa Asmaa A. , El-Sahra Doaa G. , El-Azma Marwa H. , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Breast cancer is the most abundant malignancies worldwide; however, its current therapies encounter drug resistance or exhibit numerous side effects. Marine and freshwater algal biomasses, such as spirulina, are rich with many biological active components.

Objective
The main objective of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic, antioxidant, and immune-modulating efficiency of spirulina on breast tumor modelled female rats, especially through the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.

Materials and methods
7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer rats were ingested with spirulina (500 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks, then blood and tissue samples of normal and spirulina-treated cancer rats were obtained and tested for biochemical, immunological, and histopathological assessments.
Cancer model is used in this experiment.

Results
The results showed that spirulina is rich in phenolic compounds that have high scavenger activity and reducing power reflecting the antioxidant potential of spirulina. Treatment of DMBA-induced mammary cancer rats with spirulina resulted in improvement in mammary oxidative stress status that was distorted due to DMBA administration; meanwhile, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione values were elevated significantly coupled with a marked drop in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, spirulina boosts the immune-modulating response against tumor as the serum proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin-1 beta, and interlukin-6) were markedly downregulated, and associated with inhibition of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway; this in turn suppress the tumor proliferation and progression. Furthermore, the prognosis of the treatment was indicated by the clear reduction of serum cancer antigen 15.3 level accompanied by elevation in serum level of the apoptotic biomarkers (caspase-3 and CD4) inferring the upregulation of tumor suppressor genes. Similarly, spirulina ameliorated lipid profile and the biochemical markers of hepatorenal functions (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine) that were disturbed by DMBA; therefore, it has a positive impact on the body health. These biochemical improvements were associated with a notable improvement in the histological architecture of the mammary tissue.

Conclusion
In conclusion, spirulina has proved considerable antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against DMBA-induced mammary cancer.
Challenges and Barriers Faced by People with TB and Healthcare Workers Providing TB Care and Management – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Suseendar S. , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Baskaran T. Pritish , Rehana V. R. , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Srikanth S. , Saurabh Suman 
Published: July 2024

Background:
In tuberculosis (TB) care and management, there are practical challenges existing at the patient-provider level leading to implementation barriers at the primary care level.

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to explore the challenges and barriers faced by people with TB and health-care workers in TB care and management.

Materials and Methods:
This study was done as a part of a community intervention study between November 2021 and December 2022. Twenty interviews were taken with treatment for TB (n = 7) and health-care personnel (n = 13). Health-care personnel include nursing staff, medical officers, laboratory technicians, community health workers, and medical personnel from tertiary care hospital. Participants were recruited across all levels of health-care systems. Interviews were carried out in the Hindi language, audio recorded, and translated to English. Participants were asked about their experiences of challenges and barriers faced during TB care and management. Qualitative data were coded, and thematic analysis was done manually.

Results:
The challenges and barriers at the level of people with TB were issues with communication between providers and people with TB, out-of-pocket expenditure, poor adherence to medicines, lack of proper diet, gender issues, and stigma. The challenges and barriers at the level of health-care providers were a lack of infrastructure and logistics, lack of awareness, COVID-19-related issues, lack of workforce, and technical issues.

Conclusion:
Communication between providers and people with TB must be improved to improve the drug adherence and satisfaction of the end user. Proper funding must be provided for the TB programs. People with TB must be counseled properly regarding the free health care services available near their homes to prevent out-of-pocket expenditure. These will help in fast-tracking the elimination of TB.
COVID-19 and the Medical Devices in India: Trade for a Resilient Health System
Authors: Jha Ravinder , Saun Diwas , Gupta Indrani 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The medical devices industry plays a critical role in public health and requires attention in research and policy. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a lack of resilience in areas of drugs and vaccines but also in medical products.

Objectives:
The study analyzes India’s strengths and weaknesses in the trade of medical devices and identifies specific devices where India can attain self-sufficiency and areas where trade is still beneficial.

Materials and Methods:
A set of critical products traded during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified from the World Integrated Trade Solution website at the 6-digit Harmonized System code level. A detailed analysis of exports and imports of medical products at disaggregated 8-digit codes was carried out.

Results:
During the pandemic, India had a trade surplus in some low-technology-based products such as suture needles, catheters, and cannulae along with X-ray apparatus and electrocardiographs among the medium-tech products. The imports of high-tech devices like in vitro diagnostics almost doubled to meet the surge in demand. The requirement of pulse oximeters, ventilators, and other monitoring devices jumped, and their imports reported an 800% increase from $134 million in 2019–2020 to $1162 million in 2021–2022. Most of India’s imports of medical devices come from the top five exporting countries, with the share of the USA and China at 39%–40%.

Conclusion:
There is a need to expand the manufacturing capacity of surgical instruments, consumables and disposables, apart from some high-tech products. The public health care facilities should procure domestically manufactured medical devices and trade with neighbouring countries to reduce import concentration must be prioritised.
A review on the crisis of antibiotic resistance and the strategies to combat resistance
Authors: Niveda S. , Rahiman O. M. Fasalu , Sreenadh P. K. , Prasanth M. L. Lal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has caused a huge impact on the history of the entire health-care system. The irrational and excessive use of antibiotics has become futile and has given rise to another serious issue known as antibiotic resistance, which is now a threat to the health-care sector. Due to this, millions of deaths are occurring worldwide every year as infections are becoming difficult to treat as a result of resistance to the antibiotics that are used to treat them. Thus, the confidence of the global health-care system is ruined. The WHO has recognized antibiotic resistance as a serious issue that needs to be addressed and has declared tackling it a high priority. Even though complete eradication of antibiotic resistance is not possible, the spread and the incidence of resistance can be reduced by taking adequate measures. Combating antimicrobial resistance is, therefore, a prime need of the and various strategies have been adopted globally. This article primarily focuses on the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, the mechanisms of resistance, various reasons that contribute to it, and the strategies adopted to combat the global crisis. Here, we have reviewed articles on antibiotic resistance from scientific websites such as PubMed Central, NCBI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and the strategies have been taken from the official website of the WHO, Indian Council of Medical Research, and the guidelines issued on this by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India and Government of Kerala.
Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infection and reactive donor response rate in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Simon Kingsley , Alphones Kevin , Priyadharshini B. Gayathri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) are a serious problem to our blood centers as they necessitate utilization of massive resources and labor to detect and remove infected blood donations and also turn out to be a source of great distress to the patients recieving blood components and the doctors treating them. The main diseases that are made mandatory by the government to be screened are hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis. Adding to this, India does not have a centralized donor notification system to notify the donors of their TTI positivity status causing the blood centers to be blind and not having a system to verify the credentials of donors making sure they were not tested positive in other centers in the country.

Materials and Methods:
We have done a retrospective study that aimed to analyze blood center samples and look for the number of TTI positivity in our donations and compare with the total number of donations during the period of January 2016 to March 2023. The data was collected from the blood donor questionnaire and data was put up in an Excel sheet which was later analyzed on the Statistical P program.

Results:
During the study period, 14,257 donors donated blood. Of which 11,674 (83%) were voluntary donors and 2413 (17%) were replacement donors. About 98.7% were male donors. Among the total donors, 182 (1.27%) were positive for transfusion-transmitted infections. Among the 182 serology-positive donors, 179 (98.3%) were males and 3 (1.7%) were females. Among the 14,257 donors, 160 (1.12%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), 2 (0.014%) for HCV, 2 (0.014%) for HIV, and 18 (0.126%) for syphilis. Among the 182 positive TTI, 160 (87.9%) donors were positive for HBsAg, 18 (9.9%) were positive for syphilis, 2 (1.1%) donors with HIV, and 2 (1.1%) with HCV positivity. Among the 182 donors positive for TTI, 81 (44.5%) donors had donated previously in various hospitals and they were not aware of their positive status.

Conclusion:
This study mainly aims to bring awareness to the problems that blood centers face in TTI from having to screen every sample to independently verifying donors making sure that they have never tested positive for TTI and counseling them on further tests and referrals.
The Empowerment of Micro, Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Bussiness Through Productive Zakat as an Effort to Alleviate Poverty and Unemployment in Indonesia
Authors: Nuarisa Risma Hafida , Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Retnowati May Shinta 
Published: July 2024

Indonesia become a country with the largest Muslim population in the world in 2022. This is in line with the number of MSMEs in Indonesia. MSMEs have a major role in economic growth and reducing poverty in Indonesia. So MSMEs become the biggest contribution to poverty alleviation and employment in Indonesia. Therefore productive zakat is an appropriate, alternative and profitable instrument for developing MSMEs as well as breaking the cycle of poverty and unemployment in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of productive zakat in empowering MSMEs businesses to alleviate poverty and unemployment in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive qualitative research by describing that zakat productive MSME businesses are able to alleviate poverty and absorb labor. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is library research (library research), namely collecting or compiling data by using written materials regarding productive zakat and MSMEs. The results of this reserch is show that the presence of productive zakat is able to overcome the constraints on the lack of capital faced by MSMEs. This is supported by the large number of Muslim communities in Indonesia. MSMEs empowerment is carried out by providing assistance and coaching to help people with low education in developing their knowledge and skills. Then, it is hoped that it can help alleviate poverty and absorb labor so that it can increase economic growth in Indonesia.
Separation and Validation of Comprehensive Impurities in Erythromycin Tablets by using Rp-HPLC method
Authors: GarimiTirumala Jyothesh Kumar  , V D N Kumar Abbaraju  , P. Sunil Reddy  , B.S.A. Andrews  
Published: July 2024

In this study a simple, rapid, accurate and precise gradientRP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the separation of impurities (IMP) in Erythromycin (ERT-A) tablets pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out on WatersX-Terra RP 18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 3.5 µm particle size) at 65°C was used for this separation. Mobile Phase-A consists of Buffersolution (35 g of di-potassium hydrogen phosphate in 1000mL of water, adjust the pH7.0with dilute o-phosphoric acid, filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filter) acetonitrile and water in ratio of 5:35:60 v/v/v respectively. Mobile Phase-B consists of a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 7.0, water and acetonitrile in ratio of 5:45:50 v/v/v respectively .The flow rate and injection volume was 1.0 mL/min and 100 μL respectively. The analysis was carried out under the gradient conditions as time (min)/A (v/v): B(v/v); T0/100:00, T45/100:00, T47/0:100, T63/0:100, T65/100:00, and T70/100:00. The wavelength was identified at 215 nm. The ERT-Adegrades under various circumstances. The degradation products were well resolved from the ERT peaks. This method was found to be linear. The cumulative %RSD values are ;identified and found that they are within the range. From the study concluded that the method is accurate, specific, selective, precise, robust, and useful during the process development and quality check in finished dosage form manufacturing.
“Impact of Zumba on General Anxiety Disorder – An Experimental Study among Nurses, UAE”
Authors: Alber Dr. Majella Livingston , Murali Deepa , Renjitha Abraham  
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To measure the result of Zumba on General Anxiety Disorder among nurses at multispecialty government hospital.
Materials and Methods: A true experimental design was selected for this study. 70 nurses from multispecialty hospital partook this study. Samples were arbitrarily dispensed to both control and study group. Study group underwent 30 minutes of Zumba, daily for 3 months. Data were gathered via online before and after the Zumba from both study and control group. The instrument used to collect data was General Anxiety Disorder- 7 scale.
Findings: The mean value in the study group test (12.89) was significantly less than the control group (19.6) with the t value of -15.762 at 5% in the level of significance. It shows there is a momentous drop of general anxiety Disease after doing Zumba. Zumba is certainly one of the best option to treat the General Anxiety Disease (GAD), which enables to increase the mental health as well as the overall wellbeing of the nurses.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Since Zumba is a mixture of music and fun workout can safely include in the nurse’s routine even within the hospital to reduce nurse's GAD.
Effect of Age on Sexual Behaviour, Scrotal Circumference and Scrotal Surface Temperature in Sahiwal Bulls
Authors: Gautam Anshul , Singh Pawan , K R Sriranga , Arya Shruti 
Published: July 2024

Age of the bull influences the sexual behaviour and quality of semen. The present study was conducted to find out the age window at which the bull shows best reproductive performance. Fifteen Sahiwal bulls were selected and classified into three age groups (n=5, in each group) - G1(2- 3.5), G2 (>3.5-8) and G3 (>8-12) years. The sexual behaviour was recorded at the time of semen collection by CCTV camera at 15 days interval. Scrotal circumference (by scrotal tape) and scrotal surface temperature (by IRT) were also taken at monthly interval. The data so obtained in the experiment was subjected to statistical analysis by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software version 26.0 to draw scientific interferences. The results revealed that the mean value of scrotal circumference was significantly (p<0.05) low in G1 as compared to the other two groups. No significant difference was observed among the groups for scrotal surface temperature and scrotal temperature gradient. Most of the sexual behaviour parameters were significantly high in the G2 (>3.5-8) group except for the time to enter arena from preparation site and total number of mountings. Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that sexual behaviour is influenced by age and adult (middle) aged bulls performed better as compared to young and old groups.
Use of ITK in Animal Management by Maldharis in Banni Area of Kachchh
Authors: Chaudhary A P , Srivastava A K , Singh K P , Ankuya K J , Patel H A , Patel V K 
Published: July 2024

The present investigation was conducted in the Banni area of Kachchh during 2008 to 2012, which is a vast grazing land spread on the 3847 sq km area. The main source of livelihood in the region is rearing of livestock, handicraft and contract based animal grazing system. While the education level of Maldharis is 26.50% and lower than national average, their use of ITK in restraining of animals and conservation of natural resources is unique. Various restraining tools used by them are Dan and Nunjan, Vano / Bagari, Pavro, Kutopado, Ango Mochi and Bundho. They also use “kudo” in goat and “Dan” to restrain the movement of camel for grazing and “Bagari” to protect the camel from suckling by the calf. The use of psychological tools like voice produced by different size of bells (mutter or matri) and keeping all the animals in the herd intact during grazing either during day or night hours without any human assistance is the best example of management of animals on the scientific principles. Similarly, harvesting and conservation of rain water in the “Khuriya” is also a unique example of conservation of natural resources. They allow their buffaloes in the dry pond which prevent heat stress and also protection from mosquitoes. They use Khurjadi for transportation of small ruminants, “Dambh” for identification of animals and for housing the calves under the tree shade by making the enclosure called as “Vado.” These techniques are based on scientific principles and have very good impact on animal management.
Performance of Chara Chambelli Duck in Backyard System of Rearing at Adopted Village under NICRA at Darrang District of Assam
Authors: Sarmah Angshuman , Barman Banasmita , Hafiz Abdul 
Published: July 2024

The Chara Chambelli duck, indigenous to the foothills of the Himalayas, has been gaining attention for its potential as a valuable genetic resource in small-scale poultry production systems. This research paper aims to evaluate the performance of Chara Chambelli ducks in backyard rearing systems under agro-climatic condition of Darrang district of Assam. In the context of the NICRA project, the study was carried out on 400 Chara Chambelli ducks that were raised in backyard systems at the NICRA adopted village of Darrang district of Assam to look into their environmental suitability, productivity, and financial viability. By the time the ducks reached their fifth month of life, the overall weight of the male and female was measured at 1480.02 ± 18.14 grams and 1365.46 ± 14.90 grams respectively. The duck was 155.03± 9.18 days old on average when it laid its first egg. The data showed that the annual production of eggs was 169.12± 6.04 numbers and the weight of eggs at 63.98 ± 2.84 grams. For ducks and drakes, the corresponding benefit-cost ratios were 2.26 and 1.80. It was found that rearing Chara Chambelli ducks in backyard systems with low input traditional systems is more cost-effective than raising Assamese native ducks. Results indicate that Chara Chambelli ducks exhibit promising performance characteristics suitable for backyard rearing, contributing to sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation efforts.