bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Mass Determinations and Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
Authors: Cappellari Michele 
Published: April 2015

AbstractI review our understanding of classic dynamical scaling relations, relating luminosity, size and kinematics of early-type galaxies. Using unbiased determinations of galaxy mass profiles from stellar dynamical models, a simple picture has emerged in which scaling relations are driven by virial equilibrium, accompanied by a trend in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L). This picture confirms the earliest insights. The trend is mainly due to the combined variation of age, metallicity and the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The systematic variations best correlate with the galaxy velocity dispersion, which traces the bulge mass fraction. This indicates a link between bulge growth and quenching of star formation. Dark matter is unimportant within the half-light radius, where the total mass profile is close to isothermal (ρ ∝r−2).
Reconstructing the mass assembly history with kinematics and nuclear light profiles
Authors: Krajnović Davor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this contribution I show that by combining imaging and integral-field spectroscopy it is possible to unravel the internal structure of galaxies. In particular, I will present the photometric and kinematic evidence for discs linking them with stellar angular momentum content of early-type galaxies. Furthermore, I show that the existence of both fast rotators with core and slow rotators with core-less nuclear light profiles challenges the standard formation scenarios for fast and slow rotators and suggests new pathways of mass assembly.
Angular Momentum across the Hubble sequence from the CALIFA survey
Authors: Falcón-Barroso Jesús , Lyubenova Mariya , van de Ven Glenn ,   the CALIFA collaboration
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe investigate the stellar angular momentum of galaxies across the Hubble sequence from the CALIFA survey. The distribution of CALIFA elliptical and lenticular galaxies in the λRe - εe diagram is consistent with that shown by the Atlas3D survey. Our data, however, show that the location of spiral galaxies in this diagram is significantly different. We have found two families of spiral galaxies with particularly peculiar properties: (a) spiral galaxies with much higher λRe values than any elliptical and lenticular galaxy; (b) low-mass spiral galaxies with observed λRe values much lower than expected for their apparent flattening. We use these two families of objects to argue that (1) fading alone cannot explain the transformation of spiral to lenticular galaxies, and (2) that those low-mass spiral galaxies are in fact dark matter dominated, which explains the unusually low angular momentum.
Galaxy Halo Masses from Weak Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this review, I discuss the use of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing measurements to study the masses of dark matter halos in which galaxies reside. After summarizing how weak gravitational lensing measurements can be interpreted in terms of halo mass, I review measurements that were used to derive the relationship between optical galaxy mass tracers, such as stellar mass or luminosity, and dark matter halo mass. Measurements of galaxy-galaxy lensing from the past decade have led to increasingly tight constraints on the connection between dark matter halo mass and optical mass tracers, including both the mean relationships between these quantities and the intrinsic scatter between them. I also review some of the factors that can complicate analysis, such as the choice of modeling procedure, and choices made when dividing up samples of lens galaxies.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: early data release and first science
Authors: Croom Scott M. , Allen James T. , Cortese Luca , Fogarty Lisa , Ho I-Ting ,   the SAMI Galaxy Survey Team
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Sydney–AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey is an ongoing project to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopic observations of ~3400 galaxies by mid-2016. To date, a total of ~1000 galaxies have been observed, making the SAMI Galaxy Survey the largest integral field survey in existence. In July 2014 the early data release for the SAMI galaxy Survey occurred, with over 100 galaxies available to the community. The richness of the SAMI dataset allows a vast array of science. We highlight some of the early science results from the project, including the discovery and analysis of galactic winds, the distribution of fast and slow rotating early type galaxies, and the unification of galaxy scaling relations.
The KMOS Galaxy Clusters Project
Authors: Davies Roger L. , Beifiori A. , Bender R. , Cappellari M. , Chan J. , Houghton R. , Mendel T. , Saglia R. , Sharples R. , Stott J. , Smith R. , Wilman D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKMOS is a cryogenic infrared spectrograph fed by twentyfour deployable integral field units that patrol a 7.2 arcminute diameter field of view at the Nasmyth focus of the ESO VLT. It is well suited to the study of galaxy clusters at 1 < z < 2 where the well understood features in the restframe V-band are shifted into the KMOS spectral bands. Coupled with HST imagining, KMOS offers a window on the critical epoch for galaxy evolution, 7-10 Gyrs ago, when the key properties of cluster galaxies were established. We aim to investigate the size, mass, morphology and star formation history of galaxies in the clusters. Here we describe the instrument, discuss the status of the observations and report some preliminary results.
The growth channel of massive galaxies
Authors: Trujillo Ignacio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is growing evidence suggesting that massive galaxies have growth both in mass and size mainly by the accretion of smaller satellites. This evolutionary path qualitative explains many different observations. However, there is still much work to do on trying to quantify whether this merging scenario is enough to explain the significant growth of massive galaxies since z~2. In this contribution, we show that both the number of satellite galaxies around massive galaxies at all redshifts, and the existence of massive relic galaxies in the nearby Universe are in quantitative agreement with this merging picture. Nonetheless, there is still open questions related to the properties of the stellar halos of present-day massive galaxies and the number density of massive relics at all redshifts that remain open.
The Dwarfs Beyond: Relating Stellar and Halo Mass in Dwarf Galaxies to z ~ 1
Authors: Miller Sarah H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDo the kinematics and mass profiles of dwarf galaxies present a fundamental challenge to standard cold dark matter (CDM) models? New, deep spectroscopy using DEIMOS on Keck for hundreds of low stellar mass (107-109 M⊙ star-forming galaxies at intermediate redshift (0.2 < z < 1) addresses this inquiry in a way that is less subject to cosmic variance and environmental bias than previous, more local work. Half of this sample reveals resolved, doppler-shifted nebular emission, used to constrain rotation curves. From these we can construct the stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation to masses as low as ~107 M⊙, and a persistent discrepancy is found between predictions from simulations and models compared to our observations. We suggest on-going and future tests that will be more effective in distinguishing between the effects of baryonic feedback and alternative models of dark matter in this remarkable regime.
Förderung von Klassenführungsfähigkeiten im Lehramtsstudium
Authors: Hellermann Christina , Gold Bernadette , Holodynski Manfred 
Published: April 2015

Unterrichtsvideos werden immer häufiger in der Lehrerbildung eingesetzt. Es gibt jedoch bisher erst wenige Studien darüber, wie sich unterschiedliche Lehrkonzepte auf das Lernen auswirken. In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurden zwei videobasierte universitäre Trainings im Bereich Klassenführung im Grundschulunterricht in einem quasi-experimentellen Prä-Post-Design verglichen. Eine Gruppe (N = 36) analysierte die Klassenführung von fremden Lehrpersonen anhand mehrerer Videoszenen. Die zweite Trainingsgruppe (N = 32) analysierte sowohl Videomaterial aus fremdem als auch aus eigenem Unterricht. Die Lernzuwächse beider Trainingsgruppen wurden mit einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe (N = 28) kontrastiert. Die Ergebnisse von Kovarianzanalysen stützen die Hypothese, dass das Training anhand von fremden und eigenen Unterrichtsvideos die professionelle Wahrnehmung ([Formula: see text] = .147) am besten schult. Doch auch das Training anhand fremder Videos zeigt Lerneffekte.
Impact of revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of T1 colorectal carcinomas in Japan
Authors: Urabe Y. , Tanaka S. , Saito Y. , Igarashi M. , Watanabe T. , Sugihara K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: In 1977, the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) published the first edition of the general guidelines that described how to record clinical and histopathological findings of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and how to treat these cancers, and since then, the guidelines were revised several times. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the revisions of the JSCCR guidelines on the treatment of submucosal CRCs (T1-CRCs) in Japanese clinical settings.
Methods: Questionnaires were sent to all 391 member institutions of the JSCCR. The questionnaires consisted of 2 parts: details of the institutions and treatment strategies for T1-CRCs.
Results: 73 (19 %) institutions responded to the survey. The number of treated T1-CRCs has increased year by year, and the rate of endoscopic resection for T1-CRCs has significantly increased with revisions of the guidelines (1417 [47 %] of 2985 T1-CRCs in 2003 – 2005, 2110 [50 %] of 4212 in 2006 – 2008, and 2546 [54 %] of 4686 in 2009 – 2011, P<.05).
Conclusion: The revisions of the JSCCR guidelines have influenced the treatment of T1-CRCs in Japanese clinical settings. There is room to revise the criteria for curative endoscopic resection to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
Positionspapier der DGHNO und der DGPP – Stand der klinischen und endoskopischen Diagnostik, Evaluation und Therapie von Schluckstörungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen
Authors: Arens C. , Herrmann I. F. , Rohrbach S. , Schwemmle C. , Nawka T. 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungSchluckstörungen sind häufig. Sie können zu erhöhter Mortalität durch aspirationsbedingte Lungenkomplikationen und Mangelernährung einerseits sowie einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität andererseits führen. Die demografische Entwicklung in Deutschland lässt einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Dysphagie in den kommenden Jahren erwarten. Schwerpunkte sind dabei neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, die Tumoren im Verlauf der Schluckstraße und die Folgen der Tumorbehandlung im oberen Aerodigestivtrakt.Vorrangig sind die Ärzte aus dem HNO-Bereich und der Phoniatrie als kompetente Fachgruppen zentrale Ansprechpartner für die Diagnostik und Therapieplanung der Dysphagie.Die meist komplexen Störungen verlangen eine differenzierte Anamnese, Diagnostik und eine symptomorientierte Behandlung.Das Einbeziehen auch von nicht-ärztlichen Fachgruppen wie Logopäden, Physiotherapeuten und Ergotherapeuten in die Planung einer effizienten Therapie erweitert und komplettiert die kompetente patientenzentrierte Betreuung. Die konservative Dysphagietherapie durch Logopäden und ähnliche Fachgruppen ist, auch längerfristig, ein wichtiges Standbein der Behandlung. Zudem können Anteile der spezifischen Diagnostik in enger Kooperation übernommen werden.Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit insbesondere mit den intensivmedizinischen neurologischen und internistischen Fachgruppen ist erforderlich.Die in diesem Positionspapier beschriebenen Verfahren der speziellen Endoskopie gehören zu den originären ärztlichen Leistungen, vornehmlich der Fachärzte für Hals-, Nasen-, und Ohrenheilkunde bzw. für Sprach-, Stimm- und kindliche Hörstörungen (Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie).Die Endoskopie ist eine ärztliche Leistung, die grundsätzlich nicht delegierbar ist „In keinem Fall delegierbar sind Leistungen der Endoskopie (außer Kapselendoskopien, die durch speziell ausgebildete nichtärztliche Mitarbeiter geführt werden können) und der Sonografie“ siehe 278. Entsprechend ist eine Substitution des Arztes ausgeschlossen.
GeneTIER: prioritization of candidate disease genes using tissue-specific gene expression profiles
Authors: Antanaviciute Agne , Daly Catherine , Crinnion Laura A. , Markham Alexander F. , Watson Christopher M. , Bonthron David T. , Carr Ian M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Motivation: In attempts to determine the genetic causes of human disease, researchers are often faced with a large number of candidate genes. Linkage studies can point to a genomic region containing hundreds of genes, while the high-throughput sequencing approach will often identify a great number of non-synonymous genetic variants. Since systematic experimental verification of each such candidate gene is not feasible, a method is needed to decide which genes are worth investigating further. Computational gene prioritization presents itself as a solution to this problem, systematically analyzing and sorting each gene from the most to least likely to be the disease-causing gene, in a fraction of the time it would take a researcher to perform such queries manually.
Results: Here, we present Gene TIssue Expression Ranker (GeneTIER), a new web-based application for candidate gene prioritization. GeneTIER replaces knowledge-based inference traditionally used in candidate disease gene prioritization applications with experimental data from tissue-specific gene expression datasets and thus largely overcomes the bias toward the better characterized genes/diseases that commonly afflict other methods. We show that our approach is capable of accurate candidate gene prioritization and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses using case study examples.
Availability and Implementation: Freely available on the web at http://dna.leeds.ac.uk/GeneTIER/.
Contact: umaan@leeds.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Applying stability selection to consistently estimate sparse principal components in high-dimensional molecular data
Authors: Sill Martin , Saadati Maral , Benner Axel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMotivation: Principal component analysis (PCA) is a basic tool often used in bioinformatics for visualization and dimension reduction. However, it is known that PCA may not consistently estimate the true direction of maximal variability in high-dimensional, low sample size settings, which are typical for molecular data. Assuming that the underlying signal is sparse, i.e. that only a fraction of features contribute to a principal component (PC), this estimation consistency can be retained. Most existing sparse PCA methods use L1-penalization, i.e. the lasso, to perform feature selection. But, the lasso is known to lack variable selection consistency in high dimensions and therefore a subsequent interpretation of selected features can give misleading results.Results: We present S4VDPCA, a sparse PCA method that incorporates a subsampling approach, namely stability selection. S4VDPCA can consistently select the truly relevant variables contributing to a sparse PC while also consistently estimate the direction of maximal variability. The performance of the S4VDPCA is assessed in a simulation study and compared to other PCA approaches, as well as to a hypothetical oracle PCA that ‘knows’ the truly relevant features in advance and thus finds optimal, unbiased sparse PCs. S4VDPCA is computationally efficient and performs best in simulations regarding parameter estimation consistency and feature selection consistency. Furthermore, S4VDPCA is applied to a publicly available gene expression data set of medulloblastoma brain tumors. Features contributing to the first two estimated sparse PCs represent genes significantly over-represented in pathways typically deregulated between molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma.Availability and implementation: Software is available at https://github.com/mwsill/s4vdpca.Contact: m.sill@dkfz.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cellular phenotype database: a repository for systems microscopy data
Authors: Kirsanova Catherine , Brazma Alvis , Rustici Gabriella , Sarkans Ugis 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Motivation: The Cellular Phenotype Database (CPD) is a repository for data derived from high-throughput systems microscopy studies. The aims of this resource are: (i) to provide easy access to cellular phenotype and molecular localization data for the broader research community; (ii) to facilitate integration of independent phenotypic studies by means of data aggregation techniques, including use of an ontology and (iii) to facilitate development of analytical methods in this field.
Results: In this article we present CPD, its data structure and user interface, propose a minimal set of information describing RNA interference experiments, and suggest a generic schema for management and aggregation of outputs from phenotypic or molecular localization experiments. The database has a flexible structure for management of data from heterogeneous sources of systems microscopy experimental outputs generated by a variety of protocols and technologies and can be queried by gene, reagent, gene attribute, study keywords, phenotype or ontology terms.
Availability and implementation: CPD is developed as part of the Systems Microscopy Network of Excellence and is accessible at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/fg/sym.
Contact: jes@ebi.ac.uk or ugis@ebi.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nature and management of duplicate medication alerts
Authors: Heringa Mette , Floor Annemieke , Meijer Willemijn M , De Smet Peter A G M , Bouvy Marcel L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the nature of duplicate medication (DM) alerts, their management by community pharmacists, and potential characteristics of DM alerts that lead to interventions by pharmacists.
Methods: Observational study in 53 community pharmacies. Each pharmacist registered the nature and management of 24 DM alerts on a structured form.
Results: On average, the clinical decision support systems generated 20.4 DM alerts per 100 dispensed drugs. In half of the 1272 registered alerts, the pharmacists judged that there was no risk for concurrent use of both prescriptions. In 32% of the alerts, the DM alert was generated for an intentional combination. In 17% of the alerts, there was a risk for unintentional concurrent use. In 32% of the alerts the pharmacists decided that one or more actions were needed: the electronic patient record was updated in 15% of the alerts and in 19% of the alerts the pharmacists performed an external action—for example, informing the patient or modifying the prescription (including 5 therapeutic prescription modifications and 22 logistic prescription modifications). Alerts concerning first dispensing were more likely to be followed by an external action than alerts concerning refills (40% vs 14%, P &lt; .001).
Discussion and Conclusion: In community pharmacy, prescription modifications based on DM alerts are rare, but DM alerts lead with some regularity to other actions—for example, patient instruction and update of the electronic patient record. As the current DM alerts are diverse and nonspecific in detecting situations where external action is considered relevant, other ways of alerting should therefore be considered.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Inhibition Is Associated With Reduced Risk Against Febrile Malaria in a Longitudinal Cohort Study Involving Ghanaian Children
Authors: Tiendrebeogo Regis W. , Adu Bright , Singh Susheel K. , Dziegiel Morten H. , Nébié Issa , Sirima Sodiomon B. , Christiansen Michael , Dodoo Daniel , Theisen Michael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The antibody-dependent respiratory burst and opsonic phagocytosis assays have been associated with protection against malaria; however, other mechanisms may also be involved. The antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay is yet to be correlated with protection in longitudinal cohort studies (LCS). We investigated the relationship between ADCI activity of immunoglobulin G before malaria season and risk of malaria in a LCS involving Ghanaian children. High ADCI activity was significantly associated with reduced risk against malaria. Findings here suggest a potential usefulness of the ADCI assay as a correlate of protection to guide malaria vaccine studies.
CO emissions from optically selected galaxies at z  ∼ 0.1–0.2: Tight anti-correlation between molecular gas fraction and 4000 Å break strength
Authors: Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Baba Junichi , Sorai Kazuo , Kuno Nario 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We performed 12CO(J = 1–0) (hereafter, CO) observations toward 12 normal star-forming galaxies with stellar masses of M⋆ = 1010.6–1011.3 M⊙ at z = 0.1–0.2 with the 45 m telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory. The samples were selected with Dn(4000), that is, the strength of the 4000 Å break, instead of the commonly used far-infrared (FIR) flux. We successfully detected the CO emissions from eight galaxies with signal-to-noise ratio larger than three, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Dn(4000)-based sample selection. For the first time, we find a tight anti-correlation between Dn(4000) and molecular gas fraction (fmol) using literature data of nearby galaxies in which the galaxies with more fuel for star formation have younger stellar populations. We find that our CO-detected galaxies at z ∼ 0.1–0.2 also follow the same relation as nearby galaxies. This implies that the galaxies evolve along this Dn(4000)–fmol relation, and that Dn(4000) seems to be able to be used as a proxy for fmol, which requires many time-consuming observations. Based on the comparison with the model calculation with a population synthesis code, we find that star formation from metal enriched gas and its quenching in the early time are necessary to reproduce galaxies with large Dn(4000) and non-zero gas fraction.
Methods for distinguishing between protein-coding and long noncoding RNAs and the elusive biological purpose of translation of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Housman Gali , Ulitsky Igor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs with increasingly appreciated functions in vertebrates, yet much of their biology remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear to what extent the current catalog of over 10,000 distinct annotated lncRNAs is indeed devoid of genes coding for proteins. Here we review the available computational and experimental schemes for distinguishing between coding and noncoding transcripts and assess the conclusions from their recent genome-wide applications. We conclude that the model most consistent with available data is that a large number of mammalian lncRNAs undergo translation, but only a very small minority of such translation events result in stable and functional peptides. The outcome of the majority of the translation events and their potential biological purposes remain an intriguing topic for future investigation.