bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CsrA Regulates Helicobacter pylori J99 Motility and Adhesion by Controlling Flagella Formation
Authors: Kao Cheng‐Yen , Sheu Bor‐Shyang , Wu Jiunn‐Jong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMotility mediated by the flagella of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be required for normal colonization and is thought to be important for the bacteria to move toward the gastric mucus in niches adjacent to the epithelium. Barnard et al. showed that CsrA appears to be necessary for full motility and the ability to infect mice, but its mechanism of regulation is still unclear.MethodsMotility and cell adhesion ability were determined in wild‐type, csrA mutant, and revertant J99 strains. The bacterial shape and flagellar structure were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of two major flagellins, flaA/flaB, and the alternative sigma factor rpoN (σ54) were determined by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsThe csrA mutant showed loss of motility and lower adhesion ability compared with the wild‐type and revertant J99 strains. The csrA mutant was not flagellated. Transcription of flaA and flaB mRNA decreased to only 40% and 16%, respectively, in the csrA mutant compared with the wild‐type J99 (p = .006 and <.0001, respectively), and Western blot analysis showed dramatically reduced FlaA/FlaB proteins in a csrA mutant. The disruption of csrA also decreased expression of rpoN to 48% in the csrA mutant, but the degradation rate of rpoN mRNA was not changed.ConclusionThese results suggest that CsrA regulates H. pylori J99 flagella formation and thereby affects bacterial motility.
Factors influencing double brooding in Eurasian Hoopoes Upupa epops
Authors: Hoffmann Jael , Postma Erik , Schaub Michael 
Published: August 2014

Double brooding may be a good strategy for short‐lived species to maximize annual and lifetime reproductive success (ARS and LRS, respectively). Nevertheless, there is typically individual variation in the probability of producing a second clutch. Here we evaluate factors that influence the decision to double brood in the Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops. Analyses of an 11‐year dataset showed that 36% of the females and 21% of the males produced a second clutch after successfully raising a first clutch. Double‐brooded females had higher ARS (9.1 ± 1.9 fledglings; mean ± se) and LRS (0.93 ± 0.08 recruits) than single‐brooded females (ARS: 4.5 ± 2.1 fledglings; LRS: 0.36 ± 0.03 recruits). This suggests that double brooding is adaptive in Hoopoes, and raises the question of why most individuals only produce one clutch per season. The probability of double brooding varied only slightly between years, suggesting that it is influenced by individual characteristics rather than by external, population‐level environmental factors. In both sexes, the probability of double brooding increased with earlier timing of the first clutch, and the timing of reproduction was the most important factor influencing reproductive success. The latter is likely to be mediated by changes in resources during the season. The probability of double brooding also increased slightly with female age, due to differences in intrinsic quality among females rather than to a gain in experience. In contrast to many other studies, the probability of double brooding increased with an increasing number of fledglings from the first clutch, suggesting that it is a strategy of individuals of high quality. Taken together, we show that the individual quality of the breeder and the timing of their first clutches are key factors influencing the decision to double brood, and thereby that they are important determinants of reproductive performance in Eurasian Hoopoes.
Lek fidelity and movement among leks by male Greater Sage‐grouseCentrocercus urophasianus: a capture‐mark‐recapture approach
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Blomberg Erik J. , Atamian Michael T. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: August 2014

Males in lek mating systems tend to exhibit high fidelity to breeding leks despite substantial evidence of skewed mating success among males. Although movements between leks are often reported to be rare, such movements provide a mechanism for an individual to improve lifetime fitness in response to heterogeneity in reproductive conditions. Additionally, estimates of apparent movements among leks are potentially biased due to unaccounted variation in detection probability across time and space. We monitored breeding male Greater Sage‐grouseCentrocercus urophasianuson 13 leks in eastern Nevada over a 10‐year period, and estimated movement rates among leks using capture‐mark‐recapture methods. We expected that male movement rates among leks would be low, despite predictions of low breeding success for most males, and that detection rates would be highly variable among leks and years. We used a robust design multistate analysis in Programmarkto estimate probability of movements among leks, while accounting for imperfect detection of males. Male Sage‐grouse were extremely faithful to their leks; the annual probability of a male moving away from its original lek of capture was approximately 3% (se = 0.01). Detection probabilities varied substantially among leks (range = 0.21–0.95), and among years (range = 0.30–0.76), but remained relatively constant within years at each lek. These results suggest that male Sage‐grouse dispersal is either rare, or consists primarily of dispersal of sub‐adults from their natal areas prior to the breeding season. The study highlights the benefits of robust design multistate models over standard ‘live‐encounter’ analyses, as they not only permit estimation of additional parameters, such as movement rates, but also allow for more precise parameter estimates that are less sensitive to heterogeneity in detection rates. Additionally, as these data were collected using capture‐mark‐recapture methods, our approach to estimating movement rates would be beneficial in systems where radiotagging is detrimental to the study organism.
Prevalence and predictors of advance directives in Australia
Authors: White B. , Tilse C. , Wilson J. , Rosenman L. , Strub T. , Feeney R. , Silvester W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning is regarded as integral to better patient outcomes, yet little is known about the prevalence of advance directives (AD) in Australia.AimTo determine the prevalence of AD in the Australian population.MethodsA national telephone survey about estate and advance planning. Sample was stratified by age (18–45 and >45 years) and quota sampling occurred based on population size in each state and territory.ResultsFourteen per cent of the Australian population has an AD. There is state variation with people from South Australia and Queensland more likely to have an AD than people from other states. Will making and particularly completion of a financial enduring power of attorney are associated with higher rates of AD completion. Standard demographic variables were of limited use in predicting whether a person would have an AD.ConclusionsDespite efforts to improve uptake of advance care planning (including AD), barriers remain. One likely trigger for completing an AD and advance care planning is undertaking a wider future planning process (e.g. making a will or financial enduring power of attorney). This presents opportunities to increase advance care planning, but steps are needed to ensure that planning, which occurs outside the health system, is sufficiently informed and supported by health information so that it is useful in the clinical setting. Variations by state could also suggest that redesign of regulatory frameworks (such as a user‐friendly and well‐publicised form backed by statute) may help improve uptake of AD.
Intermediate rehabilitation with (non)‐prep all‐ceramic onlays in an adolescent patient with oligodontia – 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Yvonne Schüssl , Guess Petra C. , Jung Britta A. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundInitial rehabilitation in juvenile patients with oligodontia is a major challenge for the dentist. Conventional permanent prosthetic and/or implantological treatment options alongside permanent natural teeth are contraindicated in growing patients, because their skeletal development is still in progress.Case ReportA non‐invasive temporary‐fixed treatment option for an adolescent patient is presented by the use of adhesively cemented (non‐prep) all‐ceramic onlays of primary teeth. The outcome of treatment was monitored over a period of 4 years.ConclusionLong‐term preservation of persistent primary teeth may be a meaningful alternative to removable dentures in growing patients with oligodontia. Intermediate rehabilitation should cause no more than mild psychological stress for the patient and improve quality of life, especially when extensive orthodontic and/or implantological treatment is planned at the end of the patient's skeletal growth.
Bachmann's Bundle and Coronary Sinus Ostial Pacing Accentuate Left Atrial Electrical Dyssynchrony in an Acute Canine Model
Authors: CHOUDHURI INDRAJIT , KRUM DAVID , AGARWAL ANUJ , HARE JOHN , BELOHLAVEK MAREK , AHMAD ABDUR , PINNINTI MAMATHA , KHANDHERIA BIJOY K. 
Published: August 2014

Activation Sequence During Atrial PacingIntroductionIn patients with intraatrial conduction delay and sinus node (SN) dysfunction, pacing Bachmann's bundle (BBR) and coronary sinus ostium (CSO) has been suggested to achieve atrial resynchronization with potential beneficial impact on atrial fibrillation and diastolic heart failure. Clinical studies have not shown superiority of one approach.Methods and ResultsWe studied electrical activation sequence in an open‐chest acute canine model of normal atrial function in 8 mongrel dogs under general anesthesia. Bipolar plunge electrodes were distributed over the surface of the atria during unifocal pacing, and intracardiac activation sequence was observed. SN pacing resulted in near‐simultaneous activation at midline sites (BBR and CSO); the left atrium (LA) was activated by anterior and posterior wavefronts simultaneously propagating septally to laterally and meeting at the low‐lateral perimitral LA. Right atrial appendage (RAA) pacing created intra‐RA conduction delay and delayed onset of LA activation. Pacing from RAA, CSO, and BBR resulted in nonsimultaneous activation at midline sites and produced an anteroposterior gradient of LA activation. This phenomenon was seen to the greatest degree with midline pacing and shifted the site of latest activation away from the low‐lateral perimitral LA in all pacing configurations except SN pacing.ConclusionPacing‐induced intra‐LA activation dispersion is enhanced with midline atrial pacing, and secondarily shifts the site of latest activation away from the lateral mitral annulus. Measuring atrial activation times to the low‐lateral perimitral LA can underestimate the degree of atrial dyssynchrony and be misinterpreted as atrial synchrony. Establishing clinical impact requires evaluation of human data.
Multipoint Left Ventricular Pacing in a Single Coronary Sinus Branch Improves Mid‐Term Echocardiographic and Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: PAPPONE CARLO , ĆALOVIĆ ŽARKO , VICEDOMINI GABRIELE , CUKO AMARILD , MCSPADDEN LUKE C. , RYU KYUNGMOO , ROMANO ENRICO , BALDI MARIO , SAVIANO MASSIMO , PAPPONE ALESSIA , CIACCIO CRISTIANO , GIANNELLI LUIGI , IONESCU BOGDAN , PETRETTA ANDREA , VITALE RAFFAELE , FUNDALIOTIS ANGELICA , TAVAZZI LUIGI , SANTINELLI VINCENZO 
Published: August 2014

Multipoint LV Pacing Improves Mid‐Term CRT ResponseIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with multipoint left ventricular (LV) pacing in a single coronary sinus branch improves acute LV function. We hypothesized that multipoint pacing (MPP) can improve midterm echocardiographic and clinical response compared with conventional CRT.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients receiving a CRT implant (Unify Quadra MP™ or Quadra Assura MP™ CRT‐D and Quartet™ LV lead, St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA) were randomized to receive biventricular (BiV) pacing with either conventional LV pacing (CONV group) or MPP (MPP group). For each patient, an optimal pacing configuration for the assigned pacing mode was programmed based on intraoperative pressure‐volume (PV) loop measurements. A clinical evaluation and transthoracic echocardiogram were performed before implant (BASELINE) and at 3 months postimplant and analyzed by a blinded observer. A reduction in end‐systolic volume (ESV) of ≥15% relative to BASELINE was prospectively defined as response to CRT. Forty‐four patients (NYHA Class III, EF 29 ± 6%, QRS duration 152 ± 17 milliseconds) were enrolled and randomized. One patient in the MPP group was lost to follow‐up and excluded from further analysis. After 3 months, 11 of 22 (50%) CONV patients and 16 of 21 (76%) MPP patients were classified as responders. ESV reduction, EF increase, and NYHA class reduction relative to BASELINE were significantly greater in the MPP group than in the CONV group (ESV: −21.0 ± 13.9 vs. −12.6 ± 11.1%, P = 0.03; EF: +9.8 ± 5.1 vs. +2.0 ± 7.8 percentage points, P < 0.001; ΔNYHA: −1.05 ± 0.22 vs. −0.72 ± 0.46 functional classes, P = 0.006).ConclusionPV loop optimized BiV pacing with MPP resulted in an improved rate of response to CRT.
Feasibility of Near Real‐Time Lesion Assessment During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Humans Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging
Authors: BAHNSON TRISTRAM D. , EYERLY STEPHANIE A. , HOLLENDER PETER J. , DOHERTY JOSHUA R. , KIM YOUNG‐JOONG , TRAHEY GREGG E. , WOLF PATRICK D. 
Published: August 2014

First‐in‐Human ARFI Images of RF Ablation LesionsBackgroundVisual confirmation of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions during clinical cardiac ablation procedures could improve procedure efficacy, safety, and efficiency. It was previously shown that acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging can identify RFA lesions in vitro and in vivo in an animal model. This is the “first‐in‐human” feasibility demonstration of intracardiac ARFI imaging of RFA lesions in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial flutter (AFL) or atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and ResultsPatients scheduled for right atrial (RA) ablation for AFL or left atrial (LA) ablation for drug refractory AF were eligible for imaging. Diastole‐gated intracardiac ARFI images were acquired using one of two equipment configurations: (1) a Siemens ACUSON S2000™ ultrasound scanner and 8/10Fr AcuNav™ ultrasound catheter, or (2) a CARTO 3™ integrated Siemens SC2000™ and 10Fr SoundStar™ ultrasound catheter. A total of 11 patients (AFL = 3; AF = 8) were imaged. ARFI images were acquired of ablation target regions, including the RA cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI), and the LA roof, pulmonary vein ostia, posterior wall, posterior mitral valve annulus, and the ridge between the pulmonary vein and LA appendage. ARFI images revealed increased relative myocardial stiffness at ablation catheter contact sites after RFA and at anatomical mapping‐tagged RFA treatment sites.ConclusionsARFI images from a pilot group of patients undergoing catheter ablation for AFL and AF demonstrate the ability of this technique to identify intra‐procedure RFA lesion formation. The results encourage further refinement of ARFI imaging clinical tools and continued investigation in larger clinical trials.
Metabolomics‐assisted refinement of the pathways of steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in the tomato clade
Authors: Schwahn Kevin , de Souza Leonardo Perez , Fernie Alisdair R. , Tohge Takayuki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSteroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are nitrogen‐containing secondary metabolites of the Solanum species, which are known to have large chemical and bioactive diversity in nature. While recent effort and development on LC/MS techniques for SGA profiling have elucidated the main pathways of SGA metabolism in tomato, the problem of peak annotation still remains due to the vast diversity of chemical structure and similar on overlapping of chemical formula. Here we provide a case study of peak classification and annotation approach by integration of species and tissue specificities of SGA accumulation for provision of comprehensive pathways of SGA biosynthesis. In order to elucidate natural diversity of SGA biosynthesis, a total of 169 putative SGAs found in eight tomato accessions (Solanum lycopersicum, S. pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, S. chmielewskii, S. neorickii, S. peruvianum, S. habrochaites, S. pennellii) and four tissue types were used for correlation analysis. The results obtained in this study contribute annotation and classification of SGAs as well as detecting putative novel biosynthetic branch points. As such this represents a novel strategy for peak annotation for plant secondary metabolites.
Two‐dimensional structured illumination microscopy
Authors: SCHROPP M. , UHL R. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIn widefield fluorescence microscopy, images from all but very flat samples suffer from fluorescence emission from layers above or below the focal plane of the objective lens. Structured illumination microscopy provides an elegant approach to eliminate this unwanted image contribution. To this end a line grid is projected onto the sample and phase images are taken at different positions of the line grid. Using suitable algorithms ‘quasi‐confocal images’ can be derived from a given number of such phase‐images. Here, we present an alternative structured illumination microscopy approach, which employs two‐dimensional patterns instead of a one‐dimensional one. While in one‐dimensional structured illumination microscopy the patterns are shifted orthogonally to the pattern orientation, in our two‐dimensional approach it is shifted at a single, pattern‐dependent angle, yet it already achieves an isotropic power spectral density with this unidirectional shift, which otherwise would require a combination of pattern‐shift and ‐rotation. Moreover, our two‐dimensional approach also yields a better signal‐to‐noise ratio in the evaluated image.
Genome‐wide association study of sleep duration in the Finnish population
Authors: Ollila Hanna M. , Kettunen Johannes , Pietiläinen Olli , Aho Vilma , Silander Kaisa , Kronholm Erkki , Perola Markus , Lahti Jari , Räikkönen Katri , Widen Elisabeth , Palotie Aarno , Eriksson Johan G. , Partonen Timo , Kaprio Jaakko , Salomaa Veikko , Raitakari Olli , Lehtimäki Terho , Sallinen Mikael , Härmä Mikko , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Paunio Tiina 
Published: August 2014

SummarySleep duration is genetically regulated, but the genetic variants are largely unknown. We aimed to identify such genes using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) combined with RNA expression at the population level, and with experimental verification. A GWAS was performed in a Finnish sample (n = 1941), and variants with suggestive association (P < 5 × 10−5) were tested in a follow‐up sample from the same population with sleep duration (n = 6834) and time in bed (n = 1720). Variants with pointwise association of P < 0.05 in the follow‐up sample were analysed further. First, we correlated genotypes with transcript expression levels with sleep duration (n = 207). The expression levels of significant transcripts were further studied in experimental sleep restriction. Of the 31 variants with P < 5 × 10−5 in the discovery sample, three variants showed nominal allelic association (P < 0.05) in the follow‐up sample: rs10914351, near PTPRU (P = 0.049), rs1037079 in PCDH7‐CENTD1 (P = 0.011) and rs2031573 near KLF6 (P = 0.044). The risk alleles for shorter sleep (rs2031573 and rs1037079) were also associated with higher KLF6 and PCDH7 expression levels (P < 0.05). Experimental sleep restriction increased the expression of KLF6 (P < 0.01). These data suggest that rs2031573 near KLF6 or related loci and rs1037079 between PCDH7‐CENTD1 or related loci may contribute to the regulation of sleep duration via gene expression. These results illustrate the utility of combining different analytical approaches to identify genetic determinants for traits related to sleep physiology. However, additional studies are needed in order to understand the roles of KLF6 and PCDH7 in sleep regulation.
Sleep electroencephalographic characteristics of the Cynomolgus monkey measured by telemetry
Authors: Rachalski Adeline , Authier Simon , Bassett Leanne , Pouliot Mylène , Tremblay Gaétan , Mongrain Valérie 
Published: August 2014

SummaryCynomolgus monkeys are widely used as models of diseases and in pre‐clinical studies to assess the impact of new pharmacotherapies on brain function and behaviour. However, the time course of electroencephalographic delta activity during sleep, which represents the main marker of sleep intensity associated with recovery during sleep, has never been described in this non‐human primate. In this study, telemetry implants were used to record one spontaneous 24‐h sleep–wake cycle in four freely‐moving Cynomolgus monkeys, and to quantify the time course of electroencephalographic activity during sleep using spectral analysis. Animals presented a diurnal activity pattern interrupted by short naps. During the dark period, most of the time was spent in sleep with non‐rapid eye movement sleep/rapid eye movement sleep alternations and sleep consolidation profiles intermediate between rodents and humans. Deep non‐rapid eye movement sleep showed a typical predominance at the beginning of the night with decreased propensity in the course of the night, which was accompanied by a progressive increase in rapid eye movement sleep duration. Spectral profiles showed characteristic changes between vigilance states as reported in other mammalian species. Importantly, delta activity also followed the expected time course of variation, showing a build‐up with wakefulness duration and dissipation across the night. Thus, Cynomolgus monkeys present typical characteristics of sleep architecture and spectral structure as those observed in other mammalian species including humans, validating the use of telemetry in this non‐human primate model for translational sleep studies.