bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Okra Cell Wall and Polysaccharide on Physical Properties and Stability of Ice Cream
Authors: Yuennan Pilapa , Sajjaanantakul Tanaboon , Goff H. Douglas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStabilizers are used in ice cream to increase mix viscosity, promote smooth texture, and improve frozen stability. In this study, the effects of varying concentrations (0.00%, 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45%) of okra cell wall (OKW) and its corresponding water‐soluble polysaccharide (OKP) on the physical characteristics of ice cream were determined. Ice cream mix viscosity was measured as well as overrun, meltdown, and consumer acceptability. Ice recrystallization was determined after ice cream was subjected to temperature cycling in the range of −10 to −20 °C for 10 cycles. Mix viscosity increased significantly as the concentrations of OKW and OKP increased. The addition of either OKW or OKP at 0.15% to 0.45% significantly improved the melting resistance of ice cream. OKW and OKP at 0.15% did not affect sensory perception score for flavor, texture, and overall liking of the ice cream. OKW and OKP (0.15%) reduced ice crystal growth to 107% and 87%, respectively, as compared to 132% for the control (0.00%). Thus, our results suggested the potential use of OKW and OKP at 0.15% as a stabilizer to control ice cream quality and retard ice recrystallization. OKP, however, at 0.15% exhibited greater effect on viscosity increase and on ice recrystallization inhibition than OKW.
Partially Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Shows Enhanced Transport of Amino Acids Compared to Nonhydrolyzed Protein across an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayer
Authors: McGraw Nancy J. , Napawan Nida , Toland Mitchell R. , Schulze John , Tulk Barry M. , Krul Elaine S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConsumption of protein hydrolysates has been proposed to stimulate muscle anabolism more than intact (nonhydrolyzed) proteins via accelerated delivery of amino acids for muscle protein synthesis (MPS). We evaluated whether the rate of amino acid uptake and transport across intestinal cells was enhanced for soy protein hydrolysates versus nonhydrolyzed soy protein. Intact and partially hydrolyzed proteins were subject to simulated gut digestion and applied to the apical surface of Caco‐2 monolayers. Basolateral media was harvested after 3 h and quantitatively analyzed for free amino acids using ion‐exchange chromatography and comparison to an included reference standard. Basolateral concentrations of all amino acids were higher (mean 32%) for hydrolyzed versus nonhydrolyzed protein with the greatest differences in histidine, lysine, and valine. Scale‐up production of the soy protein hydrolysate did not diminish its enhanced absorption properties. These data support the hypothesis that hydrolyzed soy protein may provide dietary amino acids that are more rapidly transported across the intestinal epithelium versus intact soy protein. This would be important under conditions where rapid and increased levels of amino acids are needed such as in the stimulation of MPS.
Spontaneous migration of a portacath into the azygos vein with subsequent development of a tracheo‐azygos fistula
Authors: Andrews Matthew H , Chisholm Bruce D 
Published: July 2014

SummarySubcutaneous venous port or ‘portacath’ devices are widely used, especially in oncology patients. Several potential complications of portacath devices have been well documented. We report a rare case of the spontaneous migration of the tip of a portacath into the azygos vein, with subsequent development of a tracheo‐azygos fistula. This resulted in the patient receiving a dose of chemotherapy agent and saline directly into his lungs, which ultimately contributed to his death a few weeks later. To our knowledge, there have been only 10 previously reported cases of inadvertent intrathoracic (mediastinal, pleural or pulmonary) extravasation of chemotherapy agent as a result of central venous catheter malposition or perforation; this is the second reported case of extravasation of chemotherapy agent as a result of migration of a portacath device into the azygos vein.
Prediction of Parturition Time in Queens using Radiography and Ultrasonography
Authors: Gatel L. , Rault D. , Chalvet‐Monfray K. , Saunders J. , Buff S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis study investigated the prediction of parturition in queens, as well as the effects of the queens' age and weight and the litter size on the accuracy of the prediction. A prospective study was performed in 24 purebred queens of 11 different breeds, all in normal body condition, using radiographic and ultrasonographic measurements of foetal femoral length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) of fœtal skull that apply to different breeds. Pregnant queens with aborted or malformed foetuses were excluded. The examinations were performed up to three times during the second half of pregnancy; litter size was obtained with radiography, and FL and BPD measurements were taken of each foetus using both radiography and ultrasonography. The maximal FL and the transversal BPD were recorded for each foetus. Radiography showed the number of foetuses accurately but did not allow accurate prediction of time of parturition. However, ultrasonography did establish the best predictive model according to the data with the FL. This model corresponded to the formula Y = 37.864 − 0.193 × FL + 1.227 × W − 0.615 × LS − 0.832 × A using the FL (10−1 mm), litter size (LS, number of foetuses per queen) and maternal parameters (weight (W, kg) and age (A, years)). Time to parturition correlated positively with the queen's weight and negatively with her age (P < 0.01). The ultrasonographic FL associated with pregnancy and maternal factors appeared to be an accurate model to predict parturition.
Lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma: prognostic factors related to remission and disease‐free survival
Authors: Chopra Saurav , Garg Aayushi , Ballal Sanjana , Bal Chandrasekhar S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryObjectiveDistant metastases, although rare, account for maximum disease‐related mortality in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Lungs and bones are the most frequent sites of metastases. We sought to identify the prognostic factors in adult DTC patients presenting with pulmonary metastases at initial diagnosis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsFrom the medical records of 4370 patients, 200 patients aged more than 21 years who were identified to have pulmonary metastases at the time of diagnosis were included in the analysis.ResultsThe sites of metastases were lungs alone in 133 (67%) patients, and additional sites in remaining 67 (33%) patients were as follows: bones in 59, liver in 4, brain in 2 and both bone and liver in two patients. During the mean follow‐up of 61 months (range, 12–312 months), 76 patients achieved remission, 121 (60·5%) patients had biochemically and/or structurally persistent disease and three patients showed disease progression. Multivariate analysis revealed presence of macro‐nodular (chest X‐ray positive) pulmonary metastases and concomitant skeletal metastases as independent factors decreasing the likelihood of remission. Of the 76 patients with remission, 16 (21%) developed subsequent recurrence. Patient age >45 years and follicular histopathology were independently associated with greater hazards of developing recurrence.ConclusionThis study suggests that the patients with macro‐nodular lung metastases and/or concomitant skeletal metastases have reduced odds of achieving remission. Moreover, significant number of patients recur even after complete remission with RAI treatment, hence strict surveillance is recommended especially in patients with age >45 years and/or with follicular histology of DTC.
Drugs that interact with levothyroxine: an observational study from the Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit and Research Study (TEARS)
Authors: A. Irving Savannah , Vadiveloo Thenmalar , Leese Graham P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the extent of drug interactions affecting levothyroxine, using study drugs often co‐administered to patients on long‐term levothyroxine therapy.DesignA retrospective population analysis linking biochemistry and prescription data between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2012 was used.PatientsThe study population was Tayside residents prescribed levothyroxine on at least three occasions, within a six‐month period, prior to the start of a study drug. Individuals acted as their own controls pre‐ and postinitiation of study drug. Overall, 10 999 patients (mean age 58 years, 82% female) being treated with thyroxine were included in the study.MeasurementsChanges in TSH following initiation of study drug.ResultsIron, calcium, proton pump inhibitors and oestrogen all increased serum TSH concentration: an increase of 0·22 mU/l (P < 0.001), 0·27 mU/l (P < 0·001), 0·12 mU/l (P < 0·01), and 0·08 mU/l (P < 0·007), respectively. For these four study drugs, there was a clinically significant increase of over 5 mU/l in serum TSH, in 7·5%, 4·4%, 5·6% and 4·3% patients, respectively. There was a decrease of 0·17 mU/l (P‐value 0.01) in the TSH concentration for those patients on statins. The TSH decreased by 5 mU/l in 3·7% of patients. There was no effect with H2 receptor antagonists or glucocorticoids.ConclusionThis large population‐based study demonstrates significant interaction between levothyroxine and iron, calcium, proton pump inhibitors, statins and oestrogens. These drugs may reduce the effectiveness of levothyroxine, and patients' TSH concentrations should be carefully monitored.
Unconventional Implant Placement Part III: Implant Placement Encroaching upon Residual Roots – A Report of Six Cases
Authors: Szmukler‐Moncler Serge , Davarpanah Mithridade , Davarpanah Keyvan , Capelle‐Ouadah Nedjoua , Demurashvili Georgy , Rajzbaum Philippe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhen a residual root is found in the way of a planned implant placement, invasive surgery is usually performed in order to remove it. Consequently, implant therapy is rendered more complex and lengthy.PurposeWe present 6 cases treated according to an unconventional protocol in which invasive surgery was avoided by allowing the implants to encroach upon the residual roots in order to permit a prosthetically driven surgery.Materials and MethodsSix patients were treated with 7 implants placed through a residual root (4 in the mandible and 3 in the maxilla). The residual roots had to be clinically and radiographically asymptomatic and covered by bone or healthy gingiva. The radiographic follow‐up ranged from 20 months to 9 years.ResultsHealing was uneventful. Implants were clinically stable, and radiographic examination did not show any unusual feature at the root‐implant interface.ConclusionSeveral types of new implant‐tissue interfaces were created in addition to the classical implant‐bone interface, but this did not seem to jeopardize implant integration. Reports of more cases with a longer follow‐up are needed before this protocol can be endorsed for routine application. Nonetheless, if confirmed as acceptable, this protocol might open intriguing possibilities; it might also lead to revision of one of the leading concepts in dental implantology.
Fresh extraction socket: spontaneous healing vs. immediate implant placement
Authors: Discepoli Nicola , Vignoletti Fabio , Laino Luigi , de Sanctis Massimo , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz Mariano 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact that immediate implant placement may have on bone remodelling in comparison with adjacent sockets left to heal spontaneously.Materials and methodsIn a beagle dog model (N = 16 dogs), mandibular premolars were extracted, and implants were placed in each distal socket (test) with the corresponding mesial site left to heal undisturbed (control). Healing was assessed measuring both the vertical distance between buccal and lingual crest (B'L') and the width of buccal and lingual walls at different levels. Five healing periods were evaluated. Differences between means for each variable and for each healing period between test and control were compared (Kruskal–Wallis test; Friedman test).ResultsAt 2 and 8 weeks of healing, the B'L' distance revealed significant higher values at test compared to control sites, being this difference three times higher at the end of the study (P < 0.05). In the test group, the width of the crest was reduced between baseline (0.37 [0.04]) and 8 weeks healing (0.13 [0.64]), demonstrating a 62% reduction of the initial width. These differences were not observed in the control group.ConclusionsImmediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets may jeopardize the vertical bone remodelling of the socket. Furthermore, a tendency towards greater buccal horizontal resorption was observed in the most coronal aspect of the buccal bone crest.
Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment
Authors: Newman George E. , De Freitas Julian , Knobe Joshua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPast research has identified a number of asymmetries based on moral judgments. Beliefs about (a) what a person values, (b) whether a person is happy, (c) whether a person has shown weakness of will, and (d) whether a person deserves praise or blame seem to depend critically on whether participants themselves find the agent's behavior to be morally good or bad. To date, however, the origins of these asymmetries remain unknown. The present studies examine whether beliefs about an agent's “true self” explain these observed asymmetries based on moral judgment. Using the identical materials from previous studies in this area, a series of five experiments indicate that people show a general tendency to conclude that deep inside every individual there is a “true self” calling him or her to behave in ways that are morally virtuous. In turn, this belief causes people to hold different intuitions about what the agent values, whether the agent is happy, whether he or she has shown weakness of will, and whether he or she deserves praise or blame. These results not only help to answer important questions about how people attribute various mental states to others; they also contribute to important theoretical debates regarding how moral values may shape our beliefs about phenomena that, on the surface, appear to be decidedly non‐moral in nature.
Outcomes of adult liver re‐transplant patients in the model for end‐stage liver disease era: is it time to reconsider its indications?
Authors: Montenovo Martin I. , Hansen Ryan N. , Dick André A. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the outcomes and utility of liver re‐transplantation in non‐hepatitis C patients, we sought to identify predictors that impact post‐transplant patient and graft survival comparing primary liver transplant patients to those receiving subsequent allografts.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the United Network for Organ Sharing database from February 2002 through December 2012, including non‐hepatitis C infected adults (18 yr and older) who underwent primary and repeat liver transplantation. Patient and graft survival were compared between the two groups using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate variables associated with both patient and graft survival.ResultsWe identified 33 176 primary transplant recipients and 2710 re‐transplants. Re‐transplantation patients were more likely to be on dialysis prior to transplant (18% vs. 10%), hospitalized (26% vs. 16%), in the intensive care unit (ICU) (34% vs. 13%), on a ventilator (17% vs. 3%), and had higher model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score (27 vs. 21). Re‐transplants also received livers with a lower donor risk index (DRI) (1.57 vs. 1.64). We estimated an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.7 for patient survival (95% CI: 1.56–1.84) and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.5–1.73) for graft survival.ConclusionsLiver re‐transplantation in non‐hepatitis C patients, although life saving, has significantly inferior patient and graft survival compared to primary liver transplantation. Higher quality grafts are used inefficiently in a sicker patient population, suggesting that a more optimal strategy may include restricting their use to patients who obtain a longer term benefit.
Causal learning from probabilistic events in 24‐month‐olds: an action measure
Authors: Waismeyer Anna , Meltzoff Andrew N. , Gopnik Alison 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHow do young children learn about causal structure in an uncertain and variable world? We tested whether they can use observed probabilistic information to solve causal learning problems. In two experiments, 24‐month‐olds observed an adult produce a probabilistic pattern of causal evidence. The toddlers then were given an opportunity to design their own intervention. In Experiment 1, toddlers saw one object bring about an effect with a higher probability than a second object. In Experiment 2, the frequency of the effect was held constant, though its probability differed. After observing the probabilistic evidence, toddlers in both experiments chose to act on the object that was more likely to produce the effect. The results demonstrate that toddlers can learn about cause and effect without trial‐and‐error or linguistic instruction on the task, simply by observing the probabilistic patterns of evidence resulting from the imperfect actions of other social agents. Suchobservational causal learningfrom probabilistic displays supports human children's rapid cultural learning.
Thrombolysis in patients with prior stroke within the last 3 months
Authors: Heldner M. R. , Mattle H. P. , Jung S. , Fischer U. , Gralla J. , Zubler C. , El‐Koussy M. , Schroth G. , Arnold M. , Mono M.‐L. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposePatients with prior stroke within 3 months have been mostly excluded from randomized thrombolysis trials mainly because of the fear of an increased rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). The aim of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and clinical outcome of thrombolyzed patients who had a previous stroke within the last 3 months with those not fulfilling this criterion (comparison group).MethodsIn all, 1217 patients were included in our analysis (42.2% women, mean age 68.8 ± 14.4 years).ResultsPatients with previous stroke within the last 3 months (17/1.4%) had more often a basilar artery occlusion (41.2% vs. 10.8%) and less frequently a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0–1 prior to index stroke (88.2% vs. 97.3%) and a higher mean time lapse from symptom onset to thrombolysis (321 min vs. 262 min) than those in the comparison group. Stroke severity was not different between the two groups. Rates of sICH were 11.8% vs. 6%. None of the sICHs and only one asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in the region of the former infarct. At 3 months, favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) in patients with previous stroke within 3 months was 29.4% (vs. 48.9%) and mortality 41.2% (vs. 22.7%).ConclusionsIn patients with prior stroke within the last 3 months, none of the sICHs and only one asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in the region of the former infarct. The high mortality was influenced by four patients, who died until discharge due to acute major index stroke. It is reasonable to include these patients in randomized clinical trials and registries to assess further their thrombolysis benefit−risk ratio.
From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design
Authors: Hilgenfeld Rolf 
Published: July 2014

This review focuses on the important contributions that macromolecular crystallography has made over the past 12 years to elucidating structures and mechanisms of the essential proteases of coronaviruses, the main protease (Mpro) and the papain‐like protease (PLpro). The role of X‐ray crystallography in structure‐assisted drug discovery against these targets is discussed. Aspects dealt with in this review include the emergence of the SARS coronavirus in 2002–2003 and of the MERS coronavirus 10 years later and the origins of these viruses. The crystal structure of the free SARS coronavirus Mpro and its dependence on pH is discussed, as are efforts to design inhibitors on the basis of these structures. The mechanism of maturation of the enzyme from the viral polyprotein is still a matter of debate. The crystal structure of the SARS coronavirus PLpro and its complex with ubiquitin is also discussed, as is its orthologue from MERS coronavirus. Efforts at predictive structure‐based inhibitor development for bat coronavirus Mpros to increase the preparedness against zoonotic transmission to man are described as well. The paper closes with a brief discussion of structure‐based discovery of antivirals in an academic setting.
Impact of Regulatory Enforcement on Leakages Prior to Analyst Recommendations
Authors: Madura Jeff , Premti Arjan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe financial press suggests that information is commonly leaked prior to analyst recommendations. We examine the impact that three regulatory actions (Regulation Fair Disclosure, Global Analysts Research Settlement, and the legal case against Galleon Group) have on information leakage prior to analyst recommendations. We find that all three regulatory actions have significantly reduced the leakage of information prior to analyst recommendations, even after controlling for several characteristics that explain the variation in information leakage. Our results are robust when applying an alternative method of measuring information leakage, and when forming various samples of analyst recommendations based on different criteria.
Relative Economic Values of Open Space Provided by National Forest and Military Lands to Surrounding Communities
Authors: Ham Charlotte , Loomis John B. , Champ Patricia A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOpen space lands are provided by a variety of entities from private individuals to the federal government and these entities make management decisions based on a very broad range of priorities. The net benefits of additional open space depend on the number, quality, and composition of existing open space in the vicinity. In areas where open space is abundant and there is a significant proportion that is federally owned, the net benefits are not well understood. In this study, the marginal willingness to pay for proximity to public open space is estimated using the hedonic property method and home sales transactions in 2007 forElPasoCountyColorado, a location that boasts of having over 150,000 acres of open space. Results from a generalized spatial two‐stage least squares regression indicate that homes in close proximity to open space provided locally by city, county, and state governments sell for a premium, but larger premiums are associated with proximity to thePikeNationalForest andCheyenneMountainAirForceStation likely at least partially due to the natural amenities of theRockyMountains. In contrast, proximity toFortCarsonArmyInstallation is found to negatively affect house sales prices likely due to undesirable activities that occur on and around the installation. As for the other area of federal lands, proximity to theU.S.AirForceAcademy and toPetersonAirForceBase was found to negatively affect house prices; however, these effects were not statistically significant.