bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Legends: Students' Responses to an Intergenerational Life Review Writing Program
Authors: Chippendale Tracy , Boltz Marie 
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of participation in the Living Legends program upon health science students' image of older adults and interest in working with older people. A multisite quasi‐experimental control group design with a connected qualitative component was used. Program sites included three Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORCs) and one senior center. Health science students (n = 43) from two universities and two community colleges and community‐dwelling seniors (n = 39) participated in the program. A baseline questionnaire was used to ascertain demographic characteristics and prior type and amount of contact with older adults. The Image of Aging Scale and Likert‐style questions to measure interest in working with older adults were the primary outcome measures. Written responses to program experiences were also collected. Analysis of covariance was used to compare changes in Image of Aging subscale scores from pre‐ to posttest. Mean change in positive image of older adults subscale scores was 4.6 (SD = 4.4) for the intervention group and −0.6 (SD = 4.8) for the control group. The difference between groups was significant (F = 22.0, P < .001), and the effect size was large (Cohen's d = 1.07). Nine of the 22 students in the intervention group had a greater interest in working with seniors after the program. Qualitative themes that emerged included a positive and beneficial experience, life lessons, seeing the person beyond the visible, power of the written word, and shared lives. Living Legends is an effective program to enhance positive images of older adults in future healthcare professionals and may have a positive impact on some students with regard to interest in working with older adults.
Can Blood Pressure Be Lowered Safely in Older Adults with Lacunar Stroke? The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Study Experience
Authors: White Carole L. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Pergola Pablo E. , Field Thalia S. , Talbert Robert , Lau Helena , Peri Kalyani , Benavente Oscar R. ,   the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Study Investigators
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo determine safety and tolerability of lowering blood pressure in older adults with lacunar stroke.DesignCohort study.SettingThe Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Trial, which compared the efficacy of two systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets (<130 mmHg and 130–149 mmHg) for secondary stroke prevention.ParticipantsOf 3,020 SPS3 participants, 494 aged 75 and older at baseline were used in these analyses.MeasurementsRates of side effects related to lowering SBP and clinical outcomes, including stroke recurrence and vascular death, were examined.ResultsOlder participants achieved SBP levels similar to those of younger participants (mean SBP of 125 mmHg and 137 mmHg in lower and higher SBP target groups, respectively). At least once during the approximately 3.5 years of follow‐up, 21% reported dizziness, and 15% reported lightheadedness when standing; the only significant difference between the younger and older groups was unsteadiness when standing (23% vs 32% respectively, P < .001). There was no difference according to treatment group. In younger adults, recurrent stroke was less likely in the lower than the higher SBP group (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–1.01) but not in older participants (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.59–1.73), although the interaction was not significant (P = .39). The lower SBP target was associated with a significant reduction in vascular death in older participants (HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.18–0.98), with a significant interaction between age and SBP group (P = .049).ConclusionExcept for unsteadiness when standing, there was no difference according to age in individuals with lacunar stroke with respect to side effects potentially related to lowering blood pressure. Although the lower SBP target was not associated with lower likelihood of recurrent stroke, these exploratory analyses suggested a possible benefit related to vascular death.
Lanthionine ketimine ester provides benefit in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dupree Jeffrey L. , Polak Paul E. , Hensley Kenneth , Pelligrino Dale , Feinstein Douglas L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLanthionine ketimine (LK) is a natural sulfur amino acid metabolite which binds to collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP2), an abundant brain protein that interacts with multiple partners to regulate microtubule dynamics, neurite growth and retraction, axonal transport, and neurotransmitter release. LK ethyl‐ester (LKE) is a cell‐permeable synthetic derivative that promotes neurogenesis, suppresses nitric oxide production from microglia, and reduces neurotoxicity of microglia‐conditioned medium. These properties led us to test the effects of LKE in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Female C57Bl/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 to develop a chronic disease. LKE was provided in the chow at 100 ppm, ad libitum beginning when the mice reached moderate clinical signs. Over the following 4 weeks the LKE‐treated mice showed a significant reduction in clinical signs compared to vehicle‐treated mice. LKE dose dependently reduced IFNγ production from splenic T cells, but had no effect on IL‐17 production suggesting protective effects were mediated within the CNS. Electron microscopy revealed that, compared to sham mice, EAE mice had significant neurodegeneration in both the optic nerve and spinal cord, which was reduced in the LKE‐treated mice. In contrast only minimal disruption of myelin was observed at this time point. In the optic nerve, measurements of axon caliber and myelin thickness showed little changes between sham and EAE mice, however, treatment with LKE increased the percentage of axons with thicker myelin and with larger axon calibers. In the spinal cord, only smaller effects of LKE on myelin thickness were observed. The effects of LKE were associated with a reduced relative level of phosphorylated CRMP2 to CRMP2. Together, these results demonstrate that LKE reduces neurodegeneration in a chronic EAE model of MS, which could have translation potential for treatment of progressive forms of MS.
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Only few drugs have been shown to reduce neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We report that LKE (lanthionine ketimine ethyl‐ester, a derivative of the amino acid lanthionine) reduced clinical signs in a mouse model of chronic MS, and also reduced neurodegeneration and axonal damage in the spinal cord and optic nerve (shown in the graphic). These effects were associated with changes in levels and phosphorylation state of CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein 2), which has known actions on axon growth. These findings suggest that LKE may be a candidate for testing in progressive forms of MS.
Are Preferential Agreements Significant for the World Trade Structure? A Network Community Analysis
Authors: Piccardi Carlo , Tajoli Lucia 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe assess the impact of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on the structure of world trade by looking for communities in the world trade network (WTN), and allowing the presence of preferential trade patterns to emerge endogenously. The finding of significant communities (as defined in the topology of the networks) would imply that trading countries are organized in groups of preferential partners. We use different approaches to analyze communities in the WTN between 1962 and 2008, but all methods agree in finding no evidence of a significant partition, supporting the view that the existing PTAs are not strongly distorting the geography of trade patterns, at least at the aggregate level.
Shakespeare and Masculinity
Authors: Feather Jennifer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe peculiar challenge posed by studying Shakespearean masculinity is its resistance to inquiry. Patriarchal ideologies function precisely by taking a specific form of male power, the power of the father, as neutral, given and, therefore, not an available object of study. Scholars have faced this challenge by examining masculinity at those very moments when it falters and fractures. The study of Shakespeare's male characters has an extensive history, and for much of that history, these characters were interesting and significant because they told us something about mankind, about human beings in general. Examining masculinity rather than men, scholars rethought the study of maleness as a feminist project and made a fertile space for historical study that draws out the contours of manliness in all its historical specificities. Such study lays the groundwork for new analyses that interrogate the association between masculine attributes and culturally valued forms of self. These analyses do more than simply question the dominance of men but propose alternative ideas of the masculine and alternative forms of human flourishing.
Long‐term spatial dynamics in vegetated seascapes: fragmentation and habitat loss in a human‐impacted subtropical lagoon
Authors: Santos Rolando O. , Lirman Diego , Pittman Simon J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVegetated coastal seascapes exhibit dynamic spatial patterning, some of which is directly linked to human coastal activities. Human activities (e.g. coastal development) have modified freshwater flow to marine environments, resulting in significant changes to submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities. Yet, very little is known about the spatially complex process of SAV habitat loss and fragmentation that affects ecosystem function. Using habitat mapping from aerial photography spanning 71 years (1938–2009) for Biscayne Bay (Florida, USA), we quantify both SAV habitat loss and fragmentation using a novel fragmentation index. To understand the influence of water management practices on SAV seascapes, habitat loss and fragmentation were compared between nearshore and offshore locations, as well as locations adjacent to and distant from canals that transport freshwater into the marine environment. Habitat loss and fragmentation were significantly higher along the shoreline compared with offshore seascapes. Nearshore habitats experienced a net loss of 3.31% of the total SAV mapped (2.57 km2) over the time series. While areas adjacent to canals had significantly higher SAV cover, they still experienced wide fluctuations in cover and fragmentation over time. All sites exhibited higher fragmentation in 2009 compared with 1938, with four sites exhibiting high fragmentation levels between the 1990s and 2000s. We demonstrate that freshwater inputs into coastal bays modify the amount of SAV and the fragmentation dynamics of SAV habitats. Spatial changes are greater close to shore and canals, indicating that these coastal developments have transformative impacts on vegetated habitats, with undetermined consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem goods and services.
Acid sensitivity of the spinal dorsal root ganglia C‐fiber nociceptors innervating the guinea pig esophagus
Authors: Ru F. , Banovcin P. , Kollarik M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux can cause high acidity in the esophagus and trigger heartburn and pain. However, because of the esophageal mucosal barrier, the acidity at the nerve terminals of pain‐mediating C‐fibers in esophageal mucosa is predicted to be substantially lower. We hypothesized that the esophageal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) C‐fibers are activated by mild acid (compared to acidic reflux), and express receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid.MethodsExtracellular single unit recordings of activity originating in esophageal DRG C‐fiber nerve terminals were performed in the innervated esophagus preparation ex vivo. Acid was delivered in a manner that bypassed the esophageal mucosal barrier. The expression of mRNA for selected receptors in esophagus‐specific DRG neurons was evaluated using single cell RT‐PCR.Key ResultsMild acid (pH = 6.5–5.5) activated esophageal DRG C‐fibers in a pH‐dependent manner. The response to mild acid at pH = 6 was not affected by the TRPV1 selective antagonist iodo‐resiniferatoxin. The majority (70–95%) of esophageal DRG C‐fiber neurons (TRPV1‐positive) expressed mRNA for acid sensing ion channels (ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2b, and/or ASIC3), two‐pore‐domain (K2P) potassium channel TASK1, and the proton‐sensing G‐protein coupled receptor OGR1. Other evaluated targets (PKD2L1, TRPV4, TASK3, TALK1, G2A, GPR4, and TDAG8) were expressed rarely.Conclusions & InferencesGuinea pig esophageal DRG C‐fibers are activated by mild acid via a TRPV1‐independent mechanism, and express mRNA for several receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid. The high acid sensitivity of esophageal C‐fibers may contribute to heartburn and pain in conditions of reduced mucosal barrier function.
Successful treatment of relapsed anaplastic large cell lymphoma with vinblastine monotherapy and allo‐HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning regimen
Authors: Miyagaki Satoshi , Imamura Toshihiko , Okumura Yoshiki , Ito Ikuyo , Fujiki Atsushi , Osone Shinya , Ishida Hiroyuki , Hosoi Hajime 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRelapsed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is chemosensitive, but recurrence is common. Although vinblastine (VLB) monotherapy is an effective treatment for relapsed ALCL, the optimal treatment duration is unknown, and some patients experience further relapse after completing the treatment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is also an effective treatment for relapsed ALCL, although transplant‐related toxicity is a problem. Here, we report an 11‐year‐old patient with relapsed ALCL who underwent induction therapy with VLB monotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR) after 12 courses. CR was confirmed on positron emission tomography–computed tomography. The patient then underwent allo‐HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning (fludarabine, melphalan, and low‐dose total body irradiation). He developed grade II acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), which was successfully treated with methylprednisolone. There was no evidence of chronic GVHD. He has remained in CR without any complications for 19 months after allo‐HSCT.
Latina Feminism, Experience and the Self
Authors: Ortega Mariana 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe following paper discusses Latina feminist debates on selfhood and identity. Since work by Latina feminists is not widely recognized or studied within the discipline of philosophy, the aim of the first section of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to Chicana feminism as it has been and continues to be pivotal in the development of Latina feminism. Included in this section is an introduction to the work of celebrated Chicana theorist Gloria Anzaldúa who has played a major influence in the theories of selfhood and identity developed by Latina feminists discussed in this paper. The second section analyzes the work of key contemporary Latina philosophers and theorists and shows the manner in which these theorists are reclaiming the notion of experience.
Locke's Place‐Time‐Kind Principle
Authors: Gordon‐Roth Jessica 
Published: April 2015

AbstractJohn Locke discusses the notions of identity and diversity in Book 2, Chapter 27 of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. At the beginning of this much‐discussed chapter, Locke posits the place‐time‐kind principle. According to this principle, no two things of the same kind can be in the same place at the same time (2.27.1). Just what Locke means by this is unclear, however. So too is whether this principle causes problems for Locke, and whether these problems can be resolved. This is significant because the place‐time‐kind principle is foundational to Locke's discussion of identity. Moreover, the place‐time‐kind principle stands at the center of a number of lively and long‐standing debates in Locke scholarship. These include the debates over the ontological status of Lockean persons, and whether Locke is a relative identity theorist, to name just two. In this paper, I offer a survey of how Locke's place‐time‐kind principle has been interpreted in the secondary literature. The aim of this taxonomy is to clarify where the differences between competing interpretations lie, and additionally show just how challenging it is to determine which reading is best.
Modality and Paradox
Authors: Uzquiano Gabriel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhilosophers often explain what could be the case in terms of what is, in fact, the case at one possible world or another. They may differ in what they take possible worlds to be or in their gloss of what is for something to be the case at a possible world. Still, they stand united by the threat of paradox. A family of paradoxes akin to the set‐theoretic antinomies seem to allow one to derive a contradiction from apparently plausible principles. Some of them concern the interaction between propositions and worlds, and they appear to afford the means to map classes of propositions into propositions – or, likewise, classes of worlds into worlds – in a one‐to‐one fashion that leads to contradiction. Yet another family of paradoxes threaten the view that whatever could exist does, in fact, exist, which is in line with modal realism, for example. This article aims to survey and identify the source of each family of paradoxes as well as to outline some responses to them.
Responses in metabolic rate to changes in temperature in diapausing Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata from three European populations
Authors: Lehmann Philipp , Piiroinen Saija , Lyytinen Anne , Lindström Leena 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany insects survive adverse periods in seasonal environments by entering diapause, a deep resting stage, during which energy consumption is typically low and gas exchange is in the form of a discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC). Because insects in high‐latitude environments are severely time constrained during summer, an effective diapause termination with careful regulation of metabolic rate is important. The present study examines whether diapausing Colorado potato beetles Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say originating from three latitudinally different regions in Europe differ in their quantitative or qualitative gas exchange patterns in response to an increasing temperature. Overall production of gaseous CO2, as well as qualitative patterns relating to the DGC, are measured at a late stage of diapause at four different temperatures in increasing order from 13, 18, 23 to 28 °C. Overall CO2 production is found to be lower in the two northern populations (61°49′N and 55°75′N) compared with the southernmost population (45°48′N) but increases as a function of temperature in all populations in a similar way. However, in the northern populations, raising the temperature increases the amount of CO2 discharged during single DGC peaks, whereas the DGC frequency remains relatively unchanged. By contrast, in the southernmost population, the amount of CO2 discharged during individual DGC peaks remains relatively unchanged, whereas the DGC frequency increases as a function of temperature. The observed differences may relate to water retention benefits or, alternatively, energetic benefits relating to heightened gas exchange efficiency in hypoxic or hypercapnic environments. Overall, the results suggest that, although populations of L. decemlineata may have similar thermal sensitivities, they have different qualitative strategies to regulate metabolic re‐activation at diapause termination.
Social Context of Preterm Delivery in France in 2011 and Impact on Short‐Term Health Outcomes: the EPIPAGE 2 Cohort Study
Authors: Germany Laurence , Saurel‐Cubizolles Marie‐Josèphe , Ehlinger Virginie , Napoletano Anthony , Alberge Corine , Guyard‐Boileau Beatrice , Pierrat Veronique , Genolini Christophe , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Arnaud Catherine ,   EPIPAGE Study Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundLow socio‐economic context increases the risk of preterm delivery and may affect short‐term outcomes in children born preterm. We described the social context of preterm delivery in France in 2011 and compared it with the general population of deliveries over the same period. We also studied how social context influenced pregnancy and delivery characteristics in the preterm population, and how it affected mortality and short‐term morbidity in liveborn preterm children (<35 weeks).MethodsWe created an individual socio‐economic vulnerability index, derived from multiple correspondence analysis based on maternal social information in the French National Perinatal Survey (NPS‐2010). Weighted coordinates were applied to families from the EPIPAGE 2 study, a population‐based cohort of preterm infants born in 2011, to quantify the infant's exposure to socio‐economic vulnerability. Multivariable logistic models were used to relate the socio‐economic context to pregnancy and delivery characteristics, and to assess its impact on short‐term outcomes of the infants.ResultsAmong mothers of preterm infants, gestational age decreased as socio‐economic conditions worsened. In the most deprived group, women had more irregular pregnancy care, a higher prevalence of infection during pregnancy, and a lower rate of antenatal corticosteroid administration. The most deprived group was associated with a higher risk of severe morbidity for the preterm neonates.ConclusionOur results emphasise the need for a large population‐based surveillance system to identify the most deprived mothers, and to propose appropriate follow‐up and care to these women and their infants in order to enhance long‐term health.
Massed and distributed repetition of natural scenes: Brain potentials and oscillatory activity
Authors: Ferrari Vera , Bradley Margaret M. , Codispoti Maurizio , Lang Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeural measures of repetition can result in either repetition suppression or enhancement effects, with enhancement sometimes interpreted as indicating episodic retrieval, rather than stimulus habituation. Here, we manipulated whether repetitions were massed (consecutive) or distributed (intermixed) and measured event‐related potentials and oscillatory activity, investigating the question of whether there is evidence of “spontaneous” episodic retrieval for distributed, but not massed, repetition. Results showed that distributed repetition uniquely prompted a significant centroparietal old‐new effect as well as enhanced theta, compared to either novel presentations or massed repetitions, consistent with a hypothesis of spontaneous retrieval. Massed repetition, on the other hand, prompted repetition suppression and reduction of the N2/P2. Taken together, the data suggest that distributed repetition may facilitate later memory performance because it spontaneously retrieves prior representations.