bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Moderates Associations between Perceptions of the Physical and Social Environments and Physical Activity in Youth
Authors: Moore Justin B. , Beets Michael W. , Kaczynski Andrew T. , Besenyi Gina M. , Morris Sara F. , Kolbe Mary Bea 
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To determine if the sex of the child moderates the relationships between perceptions of the physical/social environments and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. North Carolina. Subjects. A final sample of 711 children, 8 to 17 years of age, was available for analysis. Measures. Self-reported presence of environmental factors previously identified to be associated with physical activity in youth was collected via survey. Daily MVPA was assessed via accelerometry for a minimum of 4 days. Analysis. Multilevel linear regression models were employed, adjusted for clustering at the county and individual level. MVPA was first regressed onto sex and environmental perception items while controlling for grade and race. The interaction term between sex and environmental perception was then added to the model. Results. A significant positive association was observed in the first models between MVPA and two items related to parent permission to (1) walk and (2) ride a bike in the neighborhood. These effects were fully moderated by sex, with males indicating “yes” on these items exhibiting 6.87 and 5.21 more minutes of MVPA (respectively) than males indicating “no.” Conclusion. Environmental perceptions appear to be related to MVPA, but this relationship is present only in males. Future research should be conducted to identify modifiable social and physical characteristics that are associated with MVPA in females.
Eat, Sleep, Work, Play: Associations of Weight Status and Health-Related Behaviors among Young Adult College Students
Authors: Quick Virginia , Byrd-Bredbenner Carol , White Adrienne A. , Brown Onikia , Colby Sarah , Shoff Suzanne , Lohse Barbara , Horacek Tanya , Kidd Tanda , Greene Geoffrey 
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To examine relationships of sleep, eating, and exercise behaviors; work time pressures; and sociodemographic characteristics by weight status (healthy weight [body mass index or BMI < 25] vs. overweight [BMI ≥ 25]) of young adults. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Nine U.S. universities. Subjects. Enrolled college students (N = 1252; 18–24 years; 80% white; 59% female). Measures. Survey included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Satter Eating Competence Inventory (ecSI), National Cancer Institute Fruit/Vegetable Screener, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Work Time Pressure items, and sociodemographic characteristics. Analysis. Chi-square and t-tests determined significant bivariate associations of sociodemographics, sleep behaviors, eating behaviors, physical activity behavior, and work time pressures with weight status (i.e., healthy vs. overweight/obese). Statistically significant bivariate associations with weight status were then entered into a multivariate logistic regression model that estimated associations with being overweight/obese. Results. Sex (female), race (nonwhite), older age, higher Global PSQI score, lower ecSI total score, and higher TFEQ Emotional Eating Scale score were significantly (p < .05) associated with overweight/obesity in bivariate analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (female; odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–2.74), older age (OR = 1.35, CI= 1.21–1.50), higher Global PSQI score (OR = 1.07, CI = 1.01–1.13), and lower ecSI score (OR = .96, CI = .94–.98), were significantly (p < .05) associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion. Findings suggest that obesity prevention interventions for college students should include an education component to emphasize the importance of overall sleep quality and improving eating competence.
Association between Physical Activity and Inflammatory Markers among U.S. Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Walker Jerome F. , Lee Hyo 
Published: December 2013

Purpose. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may cause not only inflammation in the lungs but also systemic effects. One potential strategy to reduce systemic inflammation and attenuate disease progression is physical activity (PA). However, no nationally representative studies, to our knowledge, have examined the association between objectively measured physical activity and inflammation among those with COPD. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. Subjects. Two hundred thirty-eight former or current smokers with self-reported COPD who had complete data on study variables. Measures. Participants wore an accelerometer for ≥4 days to assess light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total physical activity (TPA); completed questionnaires to assess self-reported COPD and smoking status; and had their blood taken to assess white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil levels. Analysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used. Results. LPA (β = –.0004), MVPA (β = –.04), and TPA (β = –.0004) were significantly inversely associated with WBC level. Similarly, LPA (β = –.001) and TPA (β = –.001) were significantly inversely associated with neutrophils; however, MVPA was marginally associated with neutrophils (β = –.05; p =.06). Conclusion. These analyses demonstrate an inverse association between objectively measured PA and inflammation among current or former smokers with COPD. If these findings are confirmed elsewhere, then PA among those with COPD may serve as an anti-inflammatory strategy to possibly decrease cardiovascular and metabolic disease occurrence.
Transaction costs, privacy, and trust: The laudable goals and ultimate failure of notice and choice to respect privacy online
Authors: Martin Kirsten 
Published: December 2013

The goal of this paper is to outline the laudable goals and ultimate failure of notice and choice to respect privacy online and suggest an alternative framework to manage and research privacy. This paper suggests that the online environment is not conducive to rely on explicit agreements to respect privacy. Current privacy concerns online are framed as a temporary market failure resolvable through two options: (a) ameliorating frictions within the current notice and choice governance structure or (b) shifting from a contract-governed exchange to a focus on implicit, negotiated rules within a long-term relationship. Importantly for firms, examining privacy in practice shifts the firm’s responsibility from adequate notice to identifying and managing the cost-benefit analysis within a specific context.
A Reliable and Reproducible Technique for DNA Fingerprinting in Biorepositories: A Pilot Study from BioBIM
Authors: Palmirotta Raffaele , De Marchis Maria Laura , Ludovici Giorgia , Ialongo Cristiano , Leone Barbara , Lopez Nadia , Valente Maria Giovanna , Spila Antonella , Ferroni Patrizia , Della-Morte David , Guadagni Fiorella 
Published: December 2013

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) optimization for nucleic acid extraction from stored samples is of crucial importance in a biological repository, considering the large number of collected samples and their future downstream molecular and biological applications. However, the validity of molecular studies using stored specimens depends not only on the integrity of the biological samples, but also on the procedures that ensure the traceability of the same sample, certifying its uniqueness, and ensuring the identification of potential sample contaminations. With this aim, we have developed a rapid, reliable, low-cost, and simple DNA fingerprinting tool for a routine use in quality control of biorepositories samples. The method consists of a double ALU insertion/deletion genotyping panel suitable for uniqueness, identification of sample contaminations, and gender validation. Preliminary data suggest that this easy-to-use DNA fingerprinting protocol could routinely provide assurances of DNA identity and quality in a biorepository setting.
A Pilot Study: Application of Hemoglobin and Cortisol Levels, and A Memory Test to Evaluate the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy
Authors: Loo Wings TY , Yip Michael CW , Chow Louis WC , Liu Qing , Ng Elizabeth LY , Wang Min , Chen Jianping 
Published: December 2013

Background Short-term memory (STM) decline in breast cancer patients resulting from chemotherapy was evaluated by means of blood biomarkers, a questionnaire, and a computerized STM test. Methods This study was conducted from January 2013 to June 2013, recruiting 90 subjects: 30 breast cancer patients beginning the 3rd of 4th cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, 30 recovered patients (who completed 4 cycles of docetaxel for a minimum of 6 months), and 30 healthy subjects (disease-free females). The levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and cortisol in serum, and a computerized STM test were analyzed to estimate the effects of chemotherapy on STM. A questionnaire was given to all subjects to assess quality of life. Results Statistically significant differences were observed for the blood parameters (hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and cortisol levels) between healthy and on-treatment subjects (respectively 13.47±0.96 g/dL vs 5.37±0.38 g/dL, 4.58±0.41 1012/L vs 2.07±0.13 1012/L, and 6.15±1.03 109/L vs 0.86±0.41 109/L). Scores of the STM test were significantly lower for patients compared to healthy subjects. As indicated by the results of the questionnaire, breast cancer patients had a higher tendency to forget than healthy controls (X2=3.15; p<0.0001) and recovered subjects (X2=3.15; p<0.0001). Conclusion We found depleted levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells as a result of chemotherapy, and elevated levels of stress correlated with poor performances in the computerized STM test. A higher cortisol level might be an important precursor of STM deterioration. Monitoring cortisol would be beneficial for evaluating the quality of life of breast cancer patients on chemotherapy.
Emerson-Exemplar: Friedrich Nietzsche's Emerson Marginalia: Introduction
Authors: Golden Mason 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Nietzsche once remarked of Emerson's Essays, “never have I felt so much at home in a book.” Indeed, throughout his intellectual life, Nietzsche returned to Emerson more than any other author. This text is a presentation, for the first time in English, of Nietzsche's Emerson marginalia of 1881, along with those passages that he copied, with variations and abridgments, from Emerson's Versuche (Essays) into a separate notebook in January 1882. For context, I have included in my notes brief passages from the German translation alongside Emerson's original that bear the most direct relevance to the texts here presented. Often these are passages Nietzsche himself underlined. With particular attention to the German translation Nietzsche was reading, I demonstrate in my introduction critical ways in which Emerson provoked Nietzsche's thought, and articulate what I take to be the basis of Nietzsche's deep and abiding affinity with the American thinker.
Internalization and Its Consequences
Authors: Beals William M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
Internalization is an important yet puzzling and undertheorized element in Nietzsche's moral psychology. The aim of this article is to resolve some textual puzzles by way of shedding light on Nietzsche's views on the general nature of internalization, and how it relates to other significant concepts deployed in his thought such as bad conscience, the pathos of distance, the will to power, and the ascetic ideal. I begin by providing a brief interpretation of internalization that is somewhat more perspicuous than exists in the literature. I then make a case for the claim that the consequences of internalization are dependent upon the nature of the attitudes that get redirected inward. This insight allows us to explain why Nietzsche does not give a uniform account of all instances of internalization, and provides resources to give a richer and more satisfying interpretation of his moral psychological and ethical thought.
Nietzsche, Naturalism, and Falsification
Authors: Andresen Joshua 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
This essay focuses on one of Nietzsche's greatest challenges to our understanding of perception and cognition: his “falsification thesis.” I argue that despite several innovative and insightful attempts to understand Nietzsche's claims about falsification, they have failed because they have not made an adequate connection between Nietzsche's falsification claims and his naturalistic account of the development of human cognition. Nietzsche's most important insight is that the basic falsifications and simplifications of sensation and language are not only often quite useful but are also the cornerstone of knowledge and science. The central implications that follow are that cognition can succeed without correspondence between mind and world and that the standard assumption thought to be absolutely indispensable for science, that the world is fundamentally ordered, or a cosmos, is unnecessary. That is, Nietzsche's naturalism explains how we may have knowledge and successfully pursue science without avoiding falsification altogether.
O diálogo com stakeholders na teoria e na prática: análise da relação de uma empresa pública do setor industrial com seus stakeholders, para a construção de uma política de responsabilidade social
Authors: Teixeira Maria Gracinda Carvalho , Moraes Ivy Bertão de 
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346598636 The aim of this article is to study the relationship between a public company of the industrial sector and its stakeholders showing the place they occupy in the construction of the company social responsibility policy (CSR). The meaning of the term stakeholder in theory and in the organization’s practice is a challenge in the delineation of interest groups formed along the historical trajectory of the organization. The premises of the corporate social responsibility policy, assume the company's attendance at economic and legal requirements related to their productive activities, in addition to the social and environmental impacts, in order to prevent, mitigate or compensate for the damages resulting from their activities. To adapt to this new reality organizations should incorporate new corporate values that promote the restructuring of their productive activities and the dialogue with stakeholders. The research results suggest that the environmental issues involving the company have spurred the intention to create of CSR and that the notion of stakeholder incorporated by the organization guides in delimitation of the participants in the company’s dialogue with their stakeholders to build a social responsibility policy.
Consumo consciente como determinante da sustentabilidade empresarial: respeitar os animais pode ser um bom negócio?
Authors: Souza Maria Cecília Galli Lugnani , Casotti Letícia Moreira , Lemme Celso Funcia 
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346599022 The main objective of this study was to understand consumer behavior regarding cruelty against animals, practiced in industrial processes of meat production. The study used quantitative methodology, with a survey over the internet that was illustrated by a video showing some industrial practice on animal growing, such as little space and amputation of some limbs, which cause pain, fear and stress. Besides trying to evaluate the level of knowledge that consumers have about these procedures, the research intended to identify the potential for consuming habit changes as results of the contact with the new information. The study shows that consumers are not aware of the current meat producing standards. After having access to the industrial farms images, they change their perception, which may raise a threat to companies that keep current business models ignoring the claim for animal welfare. In addition to that, they show themselves to be willing to pay higher prices for certified products, indicating the companies the existence of a steady market opportunity.
Expériences connues, vécues… mais rarement écrites
Authors: Ouattara Fatoumata , Ridde Valéry 
Published: December 2013

Cet article propose et poursuit l’analyse réflexive engagée par les sciences sociales sur les relations de collaboration entre les chercheurs du Nord et du Sud. Il s’agit notamment d’appréhender des rapports de partenariat à l’aune de situations en amont de la constitution formelle des cadres d’échanges « scientifiques ». Dans cette perspective, la défaillance progressive de la formation scientifique au Sud, conjuguée à des réseaux de clientélisme soutenus et entretenus par les collaborateurs du Nord et du Sud, ne favorise pas l’émergence de rapports de partenariats équitables. Si l’on considère le partenariat comme une construction, voire un processus, alors toute analyse sur le sujet devrait davantage s’intéresser aux énoncés explicites ainsi qu’aux non-dits qui colorent son inscription dans les relations de collaboration.
Response of atmospheric CO2 to the abrupt cooling event 8200 years ago
Authors: Ahn Jinho , Brook Edward J. , Buizert Christo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 records for the centennial scale cooling event 8200 years ago (8.2 ka event) may help us understand climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks under interglacial conditions, which are important for understanding future climate, but existing records do not provide enough detail. Here we present a new CO2 record from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, that covers 7.4–9.0 ka with 8 to 16 year resolution. We observe a small, about 1–2 ppm, increase of atmospheric CO2 during the 8.2 ka event. The increase is not significant when compared to other centennial variations in the Holocene that are not linked to large temperature changes. Our results do not agree with leaf stomata records that suggest a CO2 decrease of up to ~25 ppm and imply that the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to the primarily Northern Hemisphere cooling of the 8.2 ka event was limited.
Is climate sensitivity related to dynamical sensitivity? A Southern Hemisphere perspective
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study examines whether the spread in the climate sensitivity of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models also captures the spread in the Southern Hemisphere dynamical response to greenhouse gas forcing. Three metrics are proposed to quantify the “dynamical sensitivity” of the Southern Hemisphere: the poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation, the poleward expansion of the subtropical dry zone, and the poleward shift of the midlatitude jet. In the CMIP5 abrupt 4 × CO2 integrations, the expansion of the Hadley circulation is well correlated with climate sensitivity in all seasons; in contrast, the shifts in the subtropical dry zone and midlatitude jet are significantly correlated with climate sensitivity only in summer and fall. In winter, those responses are more strongly linked to the control climatology in each model. Thus, a narrow focus on traditional climate sensitivity alone might miss out on important features of the atmospheric circulation's response to increasing greenhouse gases, particularly in the extratropics.
Modeling of the O+pickup ion sputtering efficiency dependence on solar wind conditions for the Martian atmosphere
Authors: Wang Yung‐Ching , Luhmann Janet G. , Leblanc François , Fang Xiaohua , Johnson Robert E. , Ma Yingjuan , Ip Wing‐Huen , Li Lei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSputtering of the Martian atmosphere by O+pickup ions has been proposed as a potentially important process in the early evolution of the Martian atmosphere. In preparation for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, we performed a study using a Monte Carlo model coupled to a molecular dynamic calculation to investigate the cascade sputtering effects in the region of the Martian exobase. Pickup ion fluxes based on test particle simulations in an MHD model for three different solar wind conditions are used to examine the local and global sputtering efficiencies. The resultant sputtering escape rate is 2×1024 s−1at nominal solar wind condition and can be enhanced about 50 times when both the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and the solar wind pressure increase. It is found that when the IMF strength becomes stronger, both the pickup ion precipitation energies and the resultant sputtering efficiencies increase. The related escape flux, hot component, and atmospheric energy deposition deduced from the MAVEN measurements may reveal clues about the prominent enhanced sputtering effects. Significant hemispheric asymmetries can be observed related to the solar wind electric fields. The shielding by the crustal fields and the recycling onto the nightside due to different magnetic field draping features can also lead to regional variations of sputtering efficiencies. The results suggest that disturbed or enhanced solar wind conditions provide the best prospects for detecting sputtering effects for MAVEN mission.
Ein Chaperonin als Protein‐Nanoreaktor für die radikalische Atomtransferpolymerisation
Authors: Renggli Kasper , Nussbaumer Martin G. , Urbani Raphael , Pfohl Thomas , Bruns Nico 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDas Gruppe‐II‐Chaperonin Thermosom (THS) des Archaeons Thermoplasma acidophilum wurde als Nanoreaktor für die radikalische Atomtransferpolymerisation (ATRP) verwendet. Ein Kupfer‐Katalysator wurde ins Innere des THS eingeschlossen, um die Polymerisation in den Hohlraum des Proteinkäfigs zu beschränken. THS besitzt Poren, die groß genug sind, die gebildeten Polymere in die umgebende Lösung abzugeben. Der nanoskalige Reaktionsraum im Protein hat einen vorteilhaften Effekt auf die Polymerisation von N‐Isopropylacrylamid und Poly(ethylenglycol)methylether‐Acrylat. Eng verteilte Polymere mit Polydispersitätsindices (PDIs) von minimal 1.06 wurden erhalten, während Kontrollreaktionen mit einem globulären Protein‐Katalysator‐Konjugat lediglich Polymere mit PDIs von über 1.84 ergaben.
Crystallization of DNA‐Capped Gold Nanoparticles in High‐Concentration, Divalent Salt Environments
Authors: Tan Shawn J. , Kahn Jason S. , Derrien Thomas L. , Campolongo Michael J. , Zhao Mervin , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Luo Dan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe multiparametric nature of nanoparticle self‐assembly makes it challenging to circumvent the instabilities that lead to aggregation and achieve crystallization under extreme conditions. By using non‐base‐pairing DNA as a model ligand instead of the typical base‐pairing design for programmability, long‐range 2D DNA–gold nanoparticle crystals can be obtained at extremely high salt concentrations and in a divalent salt environment. The interparticle spacings in these 2D nanoparticle crystals can be engineered and further tuned based on an empirical model incorporating the parameters of ligand length and ionic strength.
Diastereoselektive Synthese von offenkettigen sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen und Abfangreaktionen mit Elektrophilen
Authors: Dagousset Guillaume , Moriya Kohei , Mose Rasmus , Berionni Guillaume , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEin praktischer stereoselektiver Iod‐Lithium‐Austausch ermöglicht erstmals die Synthese von funktionalisierten stereodefinierten acyclischen sekundären nicht‐stabilisierten Lithiumreagentien aus den entsprechenden sekundären Alkyliodiden. Diese Lithiumreagentien reagieren mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen, einschließlich Kohlenstoff‐Elektrophilen, unter hoher Retention der Konfiguration. Kinetische Daten zur konfigurationellen Stabilität dieser acyclischen Alkyllithiumreagentien werden präsentiert. Die Methode bietet einen neuen, allgemeinen Zugang zu chiralen Synthons für die stereoselektive Synthese von offenkettigen Molekülen.