bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming capabilities in offshoring processes
Authors: Jørgensen Claus , Friis Ole Uhrskov , Koch Christian 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to focus on how organisational capabilities, enhancing the dynamic capability perspective, evolve during a more than five-year offshoring process in four Danish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The strategic decision to offshore some manufacturing activities meant that capabilities were ruptured and had to be rebuilt.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical investigation took the form of qualitative case studies with a longitudinal orientation focussing in on a few events in the four cases (strategic change in the sourcing configuration) as a process research design (Pettigrew, 1990; Van de Ven, 2007). Interviews were transcribed and coded in NVivo.Findings– The four cases followed distinct trajectories, but they all changed their routines regarding how to handle knowledge, including both technology and human resources. A need for specific human resources acting as boundary spanners arose, transforming both intra- and inter-organisational practices in all four cases. More complex activities were moved offshore to enhance the dynamic capabilities of the companies regarding both product development as well as specific processes, thereby transforming/reconfiguring the organisational capabilities of the companies. However, in the two small-sized cases, more complex/less routinised activities were backsourced, demonstrating a significant problem over time with the development of sufficient organisational resources to maintain seizing and sensing capabilities within these companies in comparison with the two other medium-sized cases.Research limitations/implications– The fact that most of the data were generated from an inside-out perspective, taking the point of departure in the core firms, can be viewed as a limitation. The authors’ data on the wider network are also limited. Finally, the authors’ interviews are conducted relatively infrequently when considering the length of the process.Practical implications– The four longitudinal cases show that the longer-term offshoring journey does not involve a single path or a single best practice. The cases show captive as well as outsourcing arrangements and even enterprise transformations. The cases demonstrate a common focus on finding and nurturing core suppliers and core business processes, which can be characterised as continual learning and development of organising capabilities.Originality/value– The study contributes to the growing body of research into dynamic (organisational) capabilities in an offshoring and SME context.
A stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility, reputation and business performance
Authors: Taghian Mehdi , D’Souza Clare , Polonsky Michael 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate business managers’ assessment of stakeholders’ influence on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The key stakeholders included “employees” and “unions” as internal and “public”, the “media” and the “government” as external stakeholders. The purpose was to estimate the influence of stakeholders that managers perceive as important. Moreover, the study sought to identify association between the CSR construct and corporate reputation and in turn whether this influences business performance.Design/methodology/approach– This study uses a mail survey with a random sampling of senior managers sourced from Dun & Bradstreet’s Australian business database, focusing on large organizations (i.e. minimum $10 million p.a. reported sales and minimum 100 employees) as the selection criteria. A conceptual model was developed and tested using structural equation modeling.Findings– The results identified that “employees” and the “public” are perceived to be the influential stakeholder groups in CSR decision-making. There was evidence of a positive relationship between the CSR construct and reputation, which in turn influenced market share, but not profitability.Research limitations/implications– This study examined a cross-section of organizations using Dun & Bradstreet’s database of Australian businesses and may not fully represent the Australian business mix. The effective response rate of 7.2 per cent appears to be low, even though it is comparable with other research in the CSR area. There may have been some self-selection by the respondents, although there were no statistically significant differences identified in the corporate characteristics of those invited to participate and those responding with usable questionnaires.Practical implications– Managers can adopt a stakeholder-influenced CSR strategy to generate strong corporate reputation to improve business performance. It is important to ensure that the interests of “employees” and “public” stakeholders are addressed within organizational strategy. Respondents were less concerned about government stakeholders and thus government involvement in organizational CSR may need to be revisited.Social implications– The major concern that emerges from these findings is the absence of the perceived importance of regulatory stakeholders on firms’ CSR activities. Regulatory controls of CSR messages could reduce or eliminate inaccurate and misleading information to the public.Originality/value– The analysis explains the perceived relative influence of stakeholders on CSR decisions. It also provides an understanding of the link between organizational CSR reputation and organization’s performance.
Corporate response to human resource disclosure recommendations
Authors: Alvarez America 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to study corporate response to intellectual capital and social responsibility disclosure recommendations regarding employees. Such an analysis would reveal which forms of corporate interest induce a company to disclose: reflecting the firm’s value to satisfy priority shareholders’ needs of information or improving the corporate social image to meet the demands of stakeholders other than capital providers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper quantify the extent to which 105 Spanish listed companies present in their annual reports information about employees. Human resource disclosure attending the recommendations of social disclosure and information linked to value creation following the information included in the intellectual capital models are distinguished. A content analysis of 105 companies’ annual reports was conducted. Once the information was quantified, the author considers which theoretical arguments of voluntary/social disclosure motive that a company follows have different recommendations about human resource disclosure.

Findings
– The findings reflect the existent recommendations are not enough for companies to disclose about human resources. Spanish companies pay more attention to social issues about employee than to others human capital aspects usually integrated in the intellectual capital.

Research limitations/implications
– It would be interesting to extend the period of analysis to study the trend in human resource disclosure and to use an alternative measure of disclosing as the information quality.

Practical implications
– These findings concluded that the fundamental aim of Spanish companies is to reflect social behaviour regarding employees. Less important appears to be to inform about business capacity, through human element, for creating value. The necessity of explicit disclosure requirements to Spanish companies’ disclosure on human resources is also detected.

Originality/value
– Some studies have been carried out to analyse disclosure on intellectual capital or on social issues but not since a broad perspective. Furthermore, these studies have not been done in Spain. The author may confirm that the influence of some stakeholders in this country is conditioning corporate disclosure.
Ameliorating effect of the novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor teneligliptin on psoriasis: A report of two cases
Authors: Nagai Hiroshi , Fujiwara Susumu , Takahashi Yutaka , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents also shown to possess immunomodulatory functions. Although various dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors have been widely used and assumed to be administrated in many patients with psoriasis accompanied by type 2 diabetic mellitus, only two studies have shown that sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, improved the cutaneous symptom of psoriasis independently of its antihyperglycemic effect. We report two cases of psoriatic skin lesions that obviously ameliorated after initiation of therapy with teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor. This report strengthens the notion that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors clinically exert an ameliorating effect on psoriatic lesions. Considering the pharmacokinetic data that indicate the high penetrative ability of teneligliptin into skin tissue, teneligliptin may be considered an effective agent for improving skin lesions of psoriasis.
Posterior predictive checks of coalescent models: P2C2M, an R package
Authors: Gruenstaeudl Michael , Reid Noah M. , Wheeler Gregory L. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBayesian inference operates under the assumption that the empirical data are a good statistical fit to the analytical model, but this assumption can be challenging to evaluate. Here, we introduce a novel r package that utilizes posterior predictive simulation to evaluate the fit of the multispecies coalescent model used to estimate species trees. We conduct a simulation study to evaluate the consistency of different summary statistics in comparing posterior and posterior predictive distributions, the use of simulation replication in reducing error rates and the utility of parallel process invocation towards improving computation times. We also test P2C2M on two empirical data sets in which hybridization and gene flow are suspected of contributing to shared polymorphism, which is in violation with the coalescent model: Tamias chipmunks and Myotis bats. Our results indicate that (i) probability‐based summary statistics display the lowest error rates, (ii) the implementation of simulation replication decreases the rate of type II errors, and (iii) our r package displays improved statistical power compared to previous implementations of this approach. When probabilistic summary statistics are used, P2C2M corroborates the assumption that genealogies collected from Tamias and Myotis are not a good fit to the multispecies coalescent model. Taken as a whole, our findings argue that an assessment of the fit of the multispecies coalescent model should accompany any phylogenetic analysis that estimates a species tree.
Efficacy of a Danish version of the Cool Kids program: a randomized wait‐list controlled trial
Authors: Arendt K. , Thastum M. , Hougaard E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Danish version of the Cool Kids program, a generic manualized group cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) program for anxiety disorders among children and adolescents.MethodChildren and adolescents (age 7–16) with a primary anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 109) were randomly allocated to group CBT or a wait‐list (WL) control condition at a Danish university clinic.ResultsResults showed that the Danish version of the Cool Kids program was efficacious with 48.2% free of all anxiety diagnoses at post‐treatment, compared with 5.7% in the WL condition, and large effect sizes on self‐report measures of child anxiety symptoms rated by child, mother, and father ( range = 0.18–0.24). Children and adolescents improved further from post‐treatment to 3‐month follow‐up, and this improvement was maintained at 12‐month follow‐up. Participants with a primary diagnosis of social phobia (SoP) showed less improvement compared with other anxiety diagnoses.ConclusionThe study contributes to the evidence base for the Cool Kids program, previously only evaluated by its developers in Australia. Generic group CBT programs may not be the most appropriate treatment for children and adolescents with primary SoP.
Rating scales measuring the severity of psychotic depression
Authors: Østergaard S. D. , Rothschild A. J. , Flint A. J. , Mulsant B. H. , Whyte E. M. , Leadholm A. K. , Bech P. , Meyers B. S. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveUnipolar psychotic depression (PD) is a severe and debilitating syndrome, which requires intensive monitoring. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the rating scales used to assess illness severity in PD.MethodSelective review of publications reporting results on non‐self‐rated, symptom‐based rating scales utilized to measure symptom severity in PD. The clinical and psychometric validity of the identified rating scales was reviewed.ResultsA total of 14 rating scales meeting the predefined criteria were included in the review. These scales grouped into the following categories: (i) rating scales predominantly covering depressive symptoms, (ii) rating scales predominantly covering psychotic symptoms, (iii) rating scales covering delusions, and (iv) rating scales covering PD. For the vast majority of the scales, the clinical and psychometric validity had not been tested empirically. The only exception from this general tendency was the 11‐item Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS), which was developed specifically to assess the severity of PD.ConclusionIn PD, the PDAS represents the only empirically derived rating scale for the measurement of overall severity of illness. The PDAS should be considered in future studies of PD and in clinical practice.
Consent for third molar tooth extractions in Australia and New Zealand: a review of current practice
Authors: Badenoch‐Jones EK , Lynham AJ , Loessner D 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundInformed consent is the legal requirement to educate a patient about a proposed medical treatment or procedure so that he or she can make informed decisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the current practice for obtaining informed consent for third molar tooth extractions (wisdom teeth) by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 180 consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. Surgeons were asked to answer (yes/no) whether they routinely warned of a specific risk of third molar tooth extraction in their written consent.ResultsSeventy‐one replies were received (39%). The only risks that surgeons agreed should be routinely included in written consent were a general warning of infection (not alveolar osteitis), inferior alveolar nerve damage (temporary and permanent) and lingual nerve damage (temporary and permanent).ConclusionsThere is significant variability among Australian and New Zealand oral and maxillofacial surgeons regarding risk disclosure for third molar tooth extractions. We aim to improve consistency in consent for third molar extractions by developing an evidence‐based consent form.
Phase II study results of a replacement therapy for hereditary angioedema with subcutaneous C1‐inhibitor concentrate
Authors: Zuraw B. L. , Cicardi M. , Longhurst H. J. , Bernstein J. A. , Li H. H. , Magerl M. , Martinez‐Saguer I. , Rehman S. M. M. , Staubach P. , Feuersenger H. , Parasrampuria R. , Sidhu J. , Edelman J. , Craig T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 inhibitor deficiency manifests as recurrent swelling attacks that can be disabling and sometimes fatal. Long‐term prophylaxis with twice‐weekly intravenous injections of plasma‐derived C1‐inhibitor (pdC1‐INH) has been established as an effective treatment. Subcutaneous (SC) administration of pdC1‐INH has not been studied in patients with HAE.MethodsThis open‐label, dose‐ranging, crossover study (COMPACT Phase II) was conducted in 18 patients with type I or II HAE who received two of twice‐weekly 1500, 3000, or 6000 IU SC doses of highly concentrated volume‐reduced CSL830 for 4 weeks each. The mean trough plasma levels of C1‐INH functional activity, C1‐INH and C4 antigen levels during Week 4, and overall safety and tolerability were evaluated. The primary outcome was model‐derived steady‐state trough C1‐INH functional activity.ResultsAfter SC CSL830 administration, a dose‐dependent increase in trough functional C1‐INH activity was observed. C1‐INH and C4 levels both increased. The two highest dose groups (3000 and 6000 IU) achieved constant C1‐INH activity levels above 40% values, a threshold that was assumed to provide clinical protection against angioedema attacks. Compared with intravenous injection, pdC1‐INH SC injection with CSL830 showed a lower peak‐to‐trough ratio and more consistent exposures. All doses were well tolerated. Mild‐to‐moderate local site reactions were noted with pain and swelling being the most common adverse event.ConclusionsSubcutaneous volume‐reduced CSL830 was well tolerated and led to a dose‐dependent increase in physiologically relevant functional C1‐INH plasma levels. A clinical outcome study of SC CSL830 in patients with HAE warrants further investigation.
Intraocular and systemic inflammation‐related cytokines during one year of ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Fauser Sascha , Viebahn Ulrike , Muether Philipp S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine inflammation‐related intraocular and systemic cytokine concentrations in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) compared with controls and to assess the influence of long‐term intravitreal ranibizumab treatment over 1 year.MethodsAqueous humour and blood plasma of 21 controls and 17 treatment‐naive nAMD patients were collected prior to cataract surgery or ranibizumab treatment. Follow‐up specimens in nAMD patients were acquired immediately prior to subsequent ranibizumab injections as needed. Multiplex bead assays were conducted for ten inflammation‐related cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). p‐values were Holm–Bonferroni‐corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsPrior to ranibizumab treatment, initiation aqueous humour levels of monocyte chemo‐attractant protein (MCP)‐1/CCL2 (p = 0.005) and vascular cell adhesin molecule (VCAM) (p = 0.002) were elevated in nAMD compared with controls. Other intraocular cytokines did not differ, including VEGF. In plasma, no differences between nAMD patients and controls were found at baseline. Pro re nata ranibizumab treatment over 12 months with 8 ± 2 injections reduced aqueous VEGF (p < 0.0001) with a trend to reduced VEGF plasma concentrations (p = 0.046), with all specimens taken at least 28 days after the previous injection. All other local and systemic cytokines remained unchanged.ConclusionNeovascular age‐related macular degeneration is associated with local ocular MCP‐1/CCL2 and VCAM elevations, suggesting a local inflammatory involvement in the pathophysiology of nAMD. We did not detect systemic differences. Ranibizumab treatment does not result in local or systemic changes of these cytokines, in contrast to VEGF suppression. MCP‐1/CCL2 and VCAM may be potential additional treatment targets for nAMD.
Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha in the expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation‐related genes in chickens
Authors: Honda Kazuhisa , Saneyasu Takaoki , Sugimoto Haruka , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Takagi Shoko , Kamisoyama Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLiver is the most important target organ for investigation of lipid metabolism in domestic fowls. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid oxidation in chicken liver. In mammals, proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a transcription factor, plays an essential role in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of PPARα‐induced gene expression involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation in chickens in vivo and in vitro. WY14643, a PPARα agonist, significantly increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase (ACO), but not long‐, middle‐ and short‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD, MCAD and SCAD, respectively), hydroxyacyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HAD), and PPARα itself in chicken hepatoma cells. In contrast, WY14643 significantly increased the mRNA levels of CPT1a, ACO, MCAD, SCAD, HAD and PPARα in human hepatoma cells. The mRNA levels of CPT1a and ACO in the liver were significantly increased by 6 h of fasting in chickens, whereas the mRNA levels of LCAD, MCAD, SCAD and HAD were unchanged. These results suggest that, unlike in mammals, CPT1a and ACO might play an important role in PPARα‐induced fatty acid oxidation in the liver of chickens.
Effect of time at pasture and herbage intake on profile of volatile organic compounds of dairy cow milk
Authors: Ueda Yasuko , Asakuma Sadaki , Miyaji Makoto , Akiyama Fumiaki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) in milk were investigated as quantitative markers of herbage intake (HI) at pasture. Eight Holstein cows were fed indoors with concentrate and conserved forages (grass silage, corn silage and hay) (NG), then were divided into three treatments according to the duration of access to pasture: 4 h (G4), 8 h (G8), and 20 h (G20) per day. The HIs were 4.3, 8.6, and 13.0 kg dry matter/day for the G4, G8 and G20 treatments, respectively. Milk from cows was sampled and analyzed VOCs by the steam distillation‐extraction method and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). From the intensity of the GC peak area, the levels of 1‐phytene (3,7,11,15‐tetramethyl‐1‐hexadecene) and 2‐phytene (3,7,11,15‐tetramethyl‐2‐hexadecene) were lowest in NG treatment and markedly increased with grazing time at pasture. With simple regression analysis on the HI to each diterpenoid, a strong correlation was found between the intensity of 1‐phytene in the milk and the HI (r = 0.807, P < 0.001). 1‐phytene content in milk could be useful as a quantitative marker of the HI of grazing cows.
The use of recorded lectures in education and the impact on lecture attendance and exam performance
Authors: Bos Nynke , Groeneveld Caspar , van Bruggen Jan , Brand‐Gruwel Saskia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUniversities increasingly record lectures and make them available online for students. Though the technology to record these lectures is now solidly implemented and embedded in many institutions, the impact of the usage of recorded lectures on exam performance is not clear. The purpose of the current study is to address the use of recorded lectures in an authentic setting by focusing on the actual time spent on the usage of recorded lectures and the impact on lecture attendance and exam performance. The participants were 396 first‐year university psychology students attending a mandatory course on biological psychology. During the course, student attendance to face‐to‐face lectures was registered and the viewing of the recordings monitored. Results revealed that a large amount of students used the recorded lectures as a substitute for lecture attendance. The group who uses recorded lectures as a supplement when developing a knowledge base score significantly higher on the assessment. When assessing higher order thinking skills, no significant differences were found between using recording lectures and attending lectures. This can be partly explained by relatively low predictive value either form of lectures have on exam performance.