bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering condensed sequences: A case study from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) Dhosa Oolite member of the Kachchh Basin, western India
Authors: ALBERTI MATTHIAS , FÜRSICH FRANZ T. , PANDEY DHIRENDRA K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn large parts of the Kachchh Basin, a Mesozoic rift basin situated in western India, the Oxfordian succession is characterized by strong condensation and several depositional gaps. The top layer of the Early to Middle Oxfordian Dhosa Oolite member, for which the term ‘Dhosa Conglomerate Bed’ is proposed, is an excellent marker horizon. Despite being mostly less than 1 m thick, this unit can be followed for more than 100 km throughout the Kachchh Mainland. A detailed sedimentological analysis has led to a complex model for its formation. Signs of subaerial weathering, including palaeokarst features, suggest at least two phases of emersion of the area. Metre‐sized concretionary slabs floating in a fine‐grained matrix, together with signs of synsedimentary tectonics, point to a highly active fault system causing recurrent earthquakes in the basin. The model takes into account information from outcrops outside the Kachchh Mainland and thereby considerably refines the current understanding of the basin history during the Late Jurassic. Large fault systems and possibly the so‐called Median High uplift separated the basin into several sub‐basins. The main reason for condensation in the Oxfordian succession is an inversion that affected large parts of the basin by cutting them off from the sediment supply. The Dhosa Conglomerate Bed is an excellent example, demonstrating the potential of condensed units in reconstructing depositional environments and events that took place during phases of non‐deposition. Although condensed sequences occur frequently throughout the sedimentary record, they are particularly common around the Callovian to Oxfordian transition. A series of models has been proposed to explain these almost worldwide occurrences, ranging from eustatic sea‐level highstands to glacial phases connected with regressions. The succession of the Kachchh Basin shows almost stable conditions across this boundary with only a slight fall in relative sea‐level, reaching its minimum not before the late Early Oxfordian.
Hearing the voices of service user researchers in collaborative qualitative data analysis: the case for multiple coding
Authors: Sweeney Angela , Greenwood Kathryn E , Williams Sally , Wykes Til , Rose Diana S 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHealth research is frequently conducted in multi‐disciplinary teams, with these teams increasingly including service user researchers. Whilst it is common for service user researchers to be involved in data collection – most typically interviewing other service users – it is less common for service user researchers to be involved in data analysis and interpretation. This means that a unique and significant perspective on the data is absent.AimThis study aims to use an empirical report of a study on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) to demonstrate the value of multiple coding in enabling service users voices to be heard in team‐based qualitative data analysis.DesignThe CBTp study employed multiple coding to analyse service users’ discussions of CBT for psychosis (CBTp) from the perspectives of a service user researcher, clinical researcher and psychology assistant. Multiple coding was selected to enable multiple perspectives to analyse and interpret data, to understand and explore differences and to build multi‐disciplinary consensus.ResultsMultiple coding enabled the team to understand where our views were commensurate and incommensurate and to discuss and debate differences. Through the process of multiple coding, we were able to build strong consensus about the data from multiple perspectives, including that of the service user researcher.DiscussionMultiple coding is an important method for understanding and exploring multiple perspectives on data and building team consensus. This can be contrasted with inter‐rater reliability which is only appropriate in limited circumstances.ConclusionWe conclude that multiple coding is an appropriate and important means of hearing service users’ voices in qualitative data analysis.
The effects of stochastic and episodic movement of the optimum on the evolution of the G‐matrix and the response of the trait mean to selection
Authors: Jones A. G. , Bürger R. , Arnold S. J. , Hohenlohe P. A. , Uyeda J. C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTheoretical and empirical results demonstrate that the G‐matrix, which summarizes additive genetic variances and covariances of quantitative traits, changes over time. Such evolution and fluctuation of the G‐matrix could potentially have wide‐ranging effects on phenotypic evolution. Nevertheless, no studies have yet addressed G‐matrix stability and evolution when movement of an intermediate optimum includes large, episodic jumps or stochasticity. Here, we investigate such scenarios by using simulation‐based models of G‐matrix evolution. These analyses yield four important insights regarding the evolution and stability of the G‐matrix. (i) Regardless of the model of peak movement, a moving optimum causes the G‐matrix to orient towards the direction of net peak movement, so that genetic variance is enhanced in that direction (the variance enhancement effect). (ii) Peak movement skews the distribution of breeding values in the direction of movement, which impedes the response to selection. (iii) The stability of the G‐matrix is affected by the overall magnitude and direction of peak movement, but modes and rates of peak movement have surprisingly small effects (the invariance principle). (iv) Both episodic and stochastic peak movement increase the probability that a population will fall below its carrying capacity and go extinct. We also present novel equations for the response of the trait mean to multivariate selection, which take into account the higher moments of the distribution of breeding values.
Work‐related factors associated with self‐care and psychological health among people with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Sato Miho , Yamazaki Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study on individuals with type 2 diabetes living in Japan aimed to examine work‐related factors that influence self‐care and psychological health among people. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 121 working adults with type 2 diabetes. A self‐report questionnaire assessed demographics, work characteristics, self‐disclosure of diabetes, support in the workplace, work‐related difficulties due to diabetes, and workplace conformity. Dietary self‐care, exercise, depression, and emotional distress were also evaluated. The results indicated statistically significant influence of working night shifts, self‐disclosure of diabetes, and workplace conformity on dietary self‐care. Work‐related difficulties due to diabetes had negative effects on depression and emotional distress, and job control and support in the workplace were found to be correlated with emotional distress. These findings suggest that work‐related factors have an impact on some forms of self‐care activities and psychological health and that it is important to increase understanding of these issues and provide appropriate support for workers through education and counseling and adjustments in the workplace.
Evaluation of corneal changes with accommodation in young and presbyopic populations using Pentacam High Resolution Scheimpflug system
Authors: Ni Yao , Liu Xialin , Lin Ying , Guo Xiaobo , Wang Xueqin , Liu Yizhi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the changes occurring in the cornea with accommodation in young and presbyopic people.DesignProspective study.ParticipantsTwenty‐three young and 15 presbyopic emmetropic volunteers.MethodsThe Pentacam High Resolution system was used to obtain data on the anterior eye segments of emmetropic volunteers in unaccommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 0.0 D) and accommodated (with an accommodation stimulus of 5.0 D for the young volunteers and 1.0 D for the presbyopic) states.Main Outcome MeasuresAnterior and posterior corneal axial curvature, corneal volume, corneal aberration, anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume were evaluated.ResultsA significant decline in anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber volume was induced by accommodation in both young and presbyopic volunteers. There was a small but statistically significant change in corneal volume within 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 mm diameters during accommodation in both groups. The changes in the corneal curvature map were significant with accommodation in both groups, although individual variations were found in anterior and posterior corneal axial curvature. Moreover, the decreased higher order aberrations were found in both anterior and entire cornea. In particular, spherical aberration was changed in the young group with 5.0 D accommodation stimulus.ConclusionThis study showed that accommodation can influence the corneal shape and curvature, and, especially, decreased corneal high‐order aberrations. Although the modification in corneal shape was small, it produced variations in higher order aberrations with accommodation that may be beneficial for visual performance in near vision.
Association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy: a review of observational findings and potential mechanisms
Authors: Man Ryan EK , Sasongko Muhammad B , Wang Jie Jin , Lamoureux Ecosse L 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA protective, but inconsistent association between myopia and a decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been suggested in several studies. However, it is unclear whether the structural, or the refractive components of myopia; or both, is the main contributor to this protective relationship. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing evidence on the association between myopia, and its structural (axial length [AL], anterior chamber depth [ACD]) and refractive (lens biometry and corneal curvature [CC]) components, with DR. 11 studies consisting of 7230 subjects from 1960 to April 2012, were reviewed. A longer AL was the only variable associated with a lower risk and severity of DR. Therefore, the available evidence suggests that AL is the main contributor to the protective influence of myopia on DR observed in earlier studies. Further investigations are now needed to determine the mechanisms by which AL protects against DR.
Optometry‐based general population survey of pupil ruff atrophy and ocular hypertension
Authors: Ang Ghee S , Stevenson Peter J , Sargent Geoff , Grimmer Peter , Corbett Patricia , Jourdain Erin , Wells Anthony P 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate and describe the pupil ruff changes and relationship to intraocular pressure, pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma status in an optometric population in New Zealand.DesignProspective cross‐sectional survey of an optometric population.ParticipantsSix hundred and twenty subjects over 50 years old routinely attending the participating optometry practices. Exclusion criteria included previous intraocular surgery, ophthalmic laser, uveitis, angle closure and secondary glaucoma.MethodsMulticentre study involving 11 optometry practices in the Wellington region, New Zealand. The pupillary ruff and associated gonioscopy findings of study participants were graded based on the previously published Pupil Ruff Atrophy grading system. Parameters evaluated include pupillary ruff absence and abnormality, pseudoexfoliation material and trabecular meshwork pigmentation.Main Outcome MeasuresCorrelations between intereye Pupil Ruff Atrophy grading differences and inter‐eye intraocular pressure and cup:disc ratio differences.ResultsSix hundred and twenty subjects were included, with a mean age of 62.2 ± 9.1 years and mean intraocular pressure of 14.8 ± 3.4 mmHg. Four hundred and fourteen (66.8%) had bilateral pupil ruff changes and 12 (1.5%) had pseudoexfoliation. Inter‐eye intraocular pressure asymmetry was significantly correlated with amount of missing pupillary ruff (r = 0.111; P = 0.022) and trabecular meshwork pigmentation (r = 0.147; P = 0.002). Inter‐eye cup:disc ratio asymmetry was not correlated with any of the Pupil Ruff Atrophy grading parameters.ConclusionsAsymmetry of pupillary ruff absence and trabecular meshwork pigmentation was correlated with intraocular pressure asymmetry (but not with cup:disc ratio asymmetry) in a general optometric population setting in New Zealand.
Modeling psychological well‐being and family relationships among retired older people in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Hui‐Hsun , Chien Li‐Hui , Lin Jie‐Siang , Yeh Yi‐Hui , Lee Tony Szu‐Hsien 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWell‐being is an important indicator of an individual's quality of life, especially for retired people. In the present study, we investigated the psychological well‐being (PWB) of retired Taipei (Taiwan) older people and its associations with sex, family relationships, and health status. A structured questionnaire was used to measure demographics, family relationships, and perceived health status, as well as Ryff's PWB Scales. Data were analyzed from 268 retired olderpeople recruited from social service centres and public parks from September to November 2010. The Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model demonstrated a very good fit of Ryff's PWB Scales and their relations to sex, family relationships, and perceived health status. The link with PWB was stronger for family relationships than for perceived health. The Mandarin translation of Ryff's PWB Scales was found to be suitable and easy to administer to Taiwanese olderpeople. The findings suggest that nurses should note that improving family relations will facilitate the PWB of retired olderpeople, which results in better outcomes of care.
The Legionella pneumophila orphan sensor kinase LqsT regulates competence and pathogen–host interactions as a component of the LAI‐1 circuit
Authors: Kessler Aline , Schell Ursula , Sahr Tobias , Tiaden André , Harrison Christopher , Buchrieser Carmen , Hilbi Hubert 
Published: September 2012

SummaryLegionella pneumophila is an amoeba‐resistant opportunistic pathogen that performs cell–cell communication through the signalling molecule 3‐hydroxypentadecane‐4‐one (LAI‐1, Legionella autoinducer‐1). The lqs (Legionella quorum sensing) gene cluster encodes the LAI‐1 autoinducer synthase LqsA, the cognate sensor kinase LqsS and the response regulator LqsR. Here we show that the Lqs system includes an ‘orphan’ homologue of LqsS termed LqsT. Compared with wild‐type L. pneumophila, strains lacking lqsT or both lqsS and lqsT show increased salt resistance, greatly enhanced natural competence for DNA acquisition and impaired uptake by phagocytes. Sensitive novel single round growth assays and competition experiments using Acanthamoeba castellanii revealed that ΔlqsT and ΔlqsS‐ΔlqsT, as well as ΔlqsA and other lqs mutant strains are impaired for intracellular growth and cannot compete against wild‐type bacteria upon co‐infection. In contrast to the ΔlqsS strain, ΔlqsT does not produce extracellular filaments. The phenotypes of the ΔlqsS‐ΔlqsT strain are partially complemented by either lqsT or lqsS, but are not reversed by overexpression of lqsA, suggesting that LqsT and LqsS are the sole LAI‐1‐responsive sensor kinases in L. pneumophila. In agreement with the different phenotypes of the ΔlqsT and ΔlqsS strains, lqsT and lqsS are differentially expressed in the post‐exponential growth phase, and transcriptome studies indicated that 90% of the genes, which are downregulated in absence of lqsT, are upregulated in absence of lqsS. Reciprocally regulated genes encode components of a 133 kb genomic ‘fitness island’ or translocated effector proteins implicated in virulence. Together, these results reveal a unique organization of the L. pneumophila Lqs system comprising two partially antagonistic LAI‐1‐responsive sensor kinases, LqsT and LqsS, which regulate distinct pools of genes implicated in pathogen–host cell interactions, competence, expression of a genomic island or production of extracellular filaments.
Metaherpetic corneal disease in a dog associated with partial limbal stem cell deficiency and neurotrophic keratitis
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Marfurt Carl F. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective  To describe clinical, in vivo confocal microscopic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of a dog with metaherpetic corneal disease that developed subsequent to a protracted episode of canine herpesvirus‐1 (CHV‐1) dendritic ulcerative keratitis.Case description  A 7‐year‐old, spayed‐female, Miniature Schnauzer was treated for bilateral CHV‐1 dendritic ulcerative keratitis. Following resolution of ulcerative keratitis, sectoral peripheral superficial corneal gray opacification, vascularization, and pigmentation slowly migrated centripetally to the axial cornea of both eyes. Corneal sensitivity measured with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer was dramatically and persistently reduced. In vivo corneal confocal microscopic examination revealed regions of epithelium with a conjunctival phenotype. In these areas, the surface epithelium was thin, disorganized, and composed of hyper‐reflective epithelial cells. Goblet cells and Langerhans cells were frequent, and the subbasal nerve plexus was completely absent or markedly diminished. Histopathologic abnormalities in the globes were restricted to the superficial cornea and included sectoral corneal conjunctivalization, increased anterior stromal spindle cells, and vascularization. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the corneas with anti‐neurotublin antibody demonstrated attenuation of the epithelial and subbasal nerve plexuses with marked stromal hyperinnervation and increased numbers of morphologically abnormal neurites.Conclusions  Similar to herpes simplex virus keratitis in humans, CHV‐1 ulcerative keratitis may be associated with the development of chronic degenerative corneal disease in dogs. In the described dog, this chronic corneal disease included progressive corneal opacification because of partial limbal stem cell deficiency and neurotrophic keratitis. Long‐term monitoring of dogs following resolution of active CHV‐1 keratitis may be indicated, particularly when ulcerations persist for an extended period.
Biracial and monoracial infant own‐race face perception: an eye tracking study
Authors: Gaither Sarah E. , Pauker Kristin , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe know that early experience plays a crucial role in the development of face processing, but we know little about how infants learn to distinguish faces from different races, especially for non‐Caucasian populations. Moreover, it is unknown whether differential processing of different race faces observed in typically studied monoracial infants extends to biracial infants as well. Thus, we investigated 3‐month‐old Caucasian, Asian and biracial (Caucasian‐Asian) infants’ ability to distinguish Caucasian and Asian faces. Infants completed two within‐subject, infant‐controlled habituation sequences and test trials as an eye tracker recorded looking times and scanning patterns. Examination of individual differences revealed significant positive correlations between own‐race novelty preference and scanning frequency between eye and mouth regions of own‐race habituation stimuli for Caucasian and Asian infants, suggesting that facility in own‐race face discrimination stems from active inspection of internal facial features in these groups. Biracial infants, however, showed the opposite effect: An ‘own‐race’ novelty preference was associated with reduced scanning between eye and mouth regions of ‘own‐race’ habituation stimuli, suggesting that biracial infants use a distinct approach to processing frequently encountered faces. Future directions for investigating face processing development in biracial populations are discussed.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/a_dDXfFuEfY
Neural correlates of perceptual narrowing in cross‐species face‐voice matching
Authors: Grossmann Tobias , Missana Manuela , Friederici Angela D. , Ghazanfar Asif A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntegrating the multisensory features of talking faces is critical to learning and extracting coherent meaning from social signals. While we know much about the development of these capacities at the behavioral level, we know very little about the underlying neural processes. One prominent behavioral milestone of these capacities is the perceptual narrowing of face–voice matching, whereby young infants match faces and voices across species, but older infants do not. In the present study, we provide neurophysiological evidence for developmental decline in cross‐species face–voice matching. We measured event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) while 4‐ and 8‐month‐old infants watched and listened to congruent and incongruent audio‐visual presentations of monkey vocalizations and humans mimicking monkey vocalizations. The ERP results indicated that younger infants distinguished between the congruent and the incongruent faces and voices regardless of species, whereas in older infants, the sensitivity to multisensory congruency was limited to the human face and voice. Furthermore, with development, visual and frontal brain processes and their functional connectivity became more sensitive to the congruence of human faces and voices relative to monkey faces and voices. Our data show the neural correlates of perceptual narrowing in face–voice matching and support the notion that postnatal experience with species identity is associated with neural changes in multisensory processing (Lewkowicz & Ghazanfar, 2009).
No Mangoes in the Tundra: Spatial Heterogeneity in Agricultural Productivity Analysis*
Authors: Eberhardt Markus , Teal Francis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn line with the wider macro productivity literature existing studies of agricultural production largely neglect technology heterogeneity, variable time‐series properties and the potential for heterogeneous but correlated total factor productivity (TFP) across countries. Our empirical approach accommodates these difficulties and seeks to model the nature of the cross‐section dependence in a sample of 128 countries (1961–2002). Our results suggest that agro‐climatic environment drives similarity in TFP evolution across countries with heterogeneous production technology. This provides a possible explanation for the failure of technology transfer from advanced countries of the temperate ‘North’ to arid and/or equatorial developing countries of the ‘South’.
The data warehouse virtualization framework for operational business intelligence
Authors: Farooq Farrah 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn order to explore the most current information and react faster to changing business conditions, organizations consider real‐time data warehousing a powerful technique to achieve operational business intelligence (BI). We propose in this paper a novel real‐time data warehouse (RTDW) framework based on the virtualization concept. Our approach introduces a conceptual modelling technique, known as ring modelling, for real‐time data management and multidimensional analysis. This technique produces a flexible semi‐structured data model that accommodates unknown business process data and relationships as they evolve, handles schema changes and aggregate‐management efficiently, and scales well with the large size of increasing data volumes. With the help of a telecommunication business example, We evaluated our proposed approach in an extensive experimental study where we compared our approach Ring Model with existing structured multidimensional conceptual models (MCMs), i.e. relational OLAP and multidimensional OLAP, and with semi‐structured MCM, i.e. XML Cubes, in terms of scalability, data storage estimations, data updates loading time, and query response times. Our performance results show that encouraging speedups are achieved.