bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emil Theodor Kocher—Valve surgery for epilepsy
Authors: Surbeck Werner , Stienen Martin Nikolaus , Hildebrandt Gerhard 
Published: September 2012

SummaryEmil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917) was a pioneering and versatile Swiss surgeon who played a decisive role in the surgical evolution on the threshold to the 20th century. Apart from conducting intense research and fostering the development of the surgical treatment of thyroid gland diseases (honored with a Nobel Prize in 1909), he remained a generalist and was active in orthopedic, genitourinary, and neurologic surgery. Even today, many surgical techniques and instruments are still named after him, thus providing evidence of his great impact. His neurosurgical ambitions included, in particular, cerebral and spinal trauma, the pathophysiology of elevated intracranial pressure, as well as etiological considerations and the operative treatment of epilepsy. This article aims to shed light on Kocher’s work on epilepsy, published exclusively in German, and illustrates the development of his idea on valve surgery for recurrent general convulsions.
Are Banks Still Special When There Is a Secondary Market for Loans?
Authors: GANDE AMAR , SAUNDERS ANTHONY 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSecondary market trading in loans elicits a significant positive stock price response by a borrowing firm's equity investors. We find the major reason for this response is the alleviation of borrowing firms’ financial constraints. We also find that new loan announcements are associated with a positive stock price effect even when prior loans made to the same borrower already trade on the secondary market. We conclude that the special role of banks has changed due to their ability to create an active secondary loan market while simultaneously maintaining their traditional role as information producers.
Factors associated with failure to follow up with a general practitioner after discharge from the emergency department
Authors: Qureshi Rizwan , Asha Stephen E , Zahra Mehr , Howell Samuel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors associated with failure to follow up with a general practitioner (GP) after discharge from the ED or emergency medicine unit (EMU).MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients discharged from the ED who were requested to see their GP to complete their medical care. Participants were contacted by phone after 2 weeks to determine GP follow‐up status. Variables associated with failure to follow up were determined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf 247 participants enrolled, 217 had complete outcome data. After controlling for the confounding effect of other variables, four variables remained significantly associated with follow‐up status. Compared with participants who did follow up, those who failed to follow up were less likely to have an EMU admission (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.93, P < 0.03), a regular GP (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.35, P < 0.001), health insurance (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.82, P < 0.01) or awareness of the reason why they were supposed to follow up (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.54, P < 0.001). The most common reason for failure to follow up (65%) was that the participant did not consider it necessary.ConclusionParticipants who were aware of the reason for follow up with a GP, who were admitted to EMU, had health insurance or had a regular GP were more likely to comply with follow‐up advice. This highlights that good patient communication is important for successful follow up, and that alternative avenues for completion of management need to be explored for patients without health insurance or a regular GP.
Standard Operational Procedures for Low Sexual Desire in Men
Authors: Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Bivalacqua Trinity J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low sexual desire in men is a condition that has received little attention; nevertheless it occurs with high frequency. Clinicians are in need of clear guidelines to address this problem.

Aim
To develop standardized operational procedures to be implemented with men presenting low sexual desire/interest (LSD/I).

Methods
Review of relevant evidence-based literature and published guidelines, integrated with expert opinion.

Main Outcome
Operational procedures for LSD/I that are recommended for clinical practice with various degrees of support from published evidence.

Results
A new classification scheme is proposed; LSD/I is proposed as an umbrella term for which hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is only a subtype. The following standard operational procedures are described: (i) Detection of LSD/I: screening for LSD/I, screening for LSD/I in patients with other sexual dysfunctions; (ii) Diagnosis and assessment of etiology: diagnostic criteria for LSD/I, assessment of depression status, assessment of relationship status, assessment of endocrinologic status, diagnostic criteria for HSDD in men; (iii) Treatment: treatment of LSD/I secondary to low testosterone, treatment of LSD/I secondary to elevated prolactin, treatment of LSD/I secondary to other endocrinologic disorders, treatment of LSD/I secondary to depressive illness and or anxiety disorders, treatment of LSD/I secondary to relationship conflict and treatment of HSDD. A diagnostic and treatment algorithm is presented.

Conclusions
LSD/I is a common condition that should be identified in patients; it is recommended that this condition be actively investigated by the clinician. Once the diagnosis of LSD/I in men is confirmed, a thorough search for possible causes needs to include both biological and psychological causes. Treatment should be etiologically oriented.
Standard Operating Procedures for Female Orgasmic Disorder: Consensus of the International Society for Sexual Medicine
Authors: Laan Ellen , Rellini Alessandra H. , Barnes Tricia 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As the field of sexual medicine evolves, it is important to continually improve patient care by developing contemporary “standard operating procedures” (SOPs), reflecting the consensus view of experts in sexual medicine. Few, if any, consensus SOPs have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of Female Orgasmic Disorder (FOD).

Aim
The objective is to provide standard operating procedures for FOD.

Methods
The SOP Committee was composed of a chair, selected by the International Society for the Study of Sexual Medicine, and two additional experts. To inform its key recommendations, the Committee used systematic reviews of available evidence and discussions during a group meeting, conference calls and e-mail communications. The Committee received no corporate funding or remuneration.

Results
A total of 12 recommendations for the assessment and treatment of FOD were generated, including suggestions for further research.

Conclusions
Evidence-based, practice recommendations for the treatment of FOD are provided that will hopefully inform clinical decision making for those treating this common condition.
Three‐dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets
Authors: Jeon H , Lee S. J. , Kim T. W. , Donatelli R. E. 
Published: September 2012

Jeon H., Lee S. J., Kim T. W., Donatelli R. E. Three‐dimensional analysis of lip and perioral soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets  Orthod Craniofac Res 2013; 16: 65–74. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  To evaluate the possible soft tissue changes after debonding of labial brackets using three‐dimensional (3D) images acquired by a laser scanner.Methods –  On the same day, 3D facial scans were taken immediately before debonding (T1) and immediately after debonding (T2) from 53 patients, and follow‐up scans were taken 3 months after debonding (T3) from 31 patients. To compare the scans, superimpositions were performed and shell‐to‐shell deviations were used for quantitative analysis.Results –  Shell‐to‐shell deviation map showing warm colors in lip and perioral tissue represented the retrusion of soft tissue after bracket removal. Soft tissue retrusion was significant for all landmarks immediately after debonding (T1–T2) and 3 months after debonding (T1–T3). Gender, bracket type, and the lip thickness variables did not show a clinically significant influence on the amount of soft tissue retrusion at the T1–T3 period. Lip corners and vermilion borders were significantly retruded at the T1–T3 period more than other perioral areas. A negative linear relationship was found in the amount of soft tissue retrusion immediately after debonding (T1–T2) and from debonding to 3 months after debonding (T2–T3).Conclusion –  Three‐dimensional imaging showed significant changes in lip and perioral soft tissue after debonding of labial brackets. Clinically significant changes, approximately 2 mm of retrusion, occurred in the mouth corners bilaterally. Vermilion border landmarks also demonstrated significant changes in more than 1 mm. However, it was not possible to predict the soft tissue changes. A wide range of individual variability in the response to treatment and soft tissue adaptation was noted.
Correlation of free‐response and receiver‐operating‐characteristic area‐under‐the‐curve estimates: Results from independently conducted FROC/ROC studies in mammography
Authors: Zanca Federica , Hillis Stephen L. , Claus Filip , Van Ongeval Chantal , Celis Valerie , Provoost Veerle , Yoon Hong‐Jun , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:From independently conducted free‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) experiments, to study fixed‐reader associations between three estimators: the area under the alternative FROC (AFROC) curve computed from FROC data, the area under the ROC curve computed from FROC highest rating data, and the area under the ROC curve computed from confidence‐of‐disease ratings.Methods:Two hundred mammograms, 100 of which were abnormal, were processed by two image‐processing algorithms and interpreted by four radiologists under the FROC paradigm. From the FROC data,inferred‐ROC datawere derived, using the highest rating assumption. Eighteen months afterwards, the images were interpreted by the same radiologists under the conventional ROC paradigm;conventional‐ROC data(in contrast toinferred‐ROC data) were obtained. FROC and ROC (inferred, conventional) data were analyzed using the nonparametric area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC), (AFROC and ROC curve, respectively). Pearson correlation was used to quantify the degree of association between the modality‐specific AUC indices and standard errors were computed using the bootstrap‐after‐bootstrap method. The magnitude of the correlations was assessed by comparison with computed Obuchowski‐Rockette fixed reader correlations.Results:Average Pearson correlations (with 95% confidence intervals in square brackets) were: Corr(FROC, inferred ROC) = 0.76[0.64, 0.84] > Corr(inferred ROC, conventional ROC) = 0.40[0.18, 0.58] > Corr (FROC, conventional ROC) = 0.32[0.16, 0.46].Conclusions:Correlation between FROC and inferred‐ROC data AUC estimates was high. Correlation between inferred‐ and conventional‐ROC AUC was similar to the correlation between two modalities for a single reader using one estimation method, suggesting that the highest rating assumption might be questionable.
Reduction of prostate intrafraction motion using gas‐release rectal balloons
Authors: Su Zhong , Zhao Tianyu , Li Zuofeng , Hoppe Brad , Henderson Randy , Mendenhall William , Nichols R. Charles , Marcus Robert , Mendenhall Nancy 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:To analyze prostate intrafraction motion using both non‐gas‐release (NGR) and gas‐release (GR) rectal balloons and to evaluate the ability of GR rectal balloons to reduce prostate intrafraction motion.Methods:Twenty‐nine patients with NGR rectal balloons and 29 patients with GR balloons were randomly selected from prostate patients treated with proton therapy at the University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute (Jacksonville, FL). Their pretreatment and post‐treatment orthogonal radiographs were analyzed, and both pretreatment setup residual error and intrafraction‐motion data were obtained. Population histograms of intrafraction motion were plotted for both types of balloons. Population planning target‐volume (PTV) margins were calculated with the van Herk formula of 2.5Σ + 0.7σ to account for setup residual errors and intrafraction motion errors.Results:Pretreatment and post‐treatment radiographs indicated that the use of gas‐release rectal balloons reduced prostate intrafraction motion along superior–inferior (SI) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions. Similar patient setup residual errors were exhibited for both types of balloons. Gas‐release rectal balloons resulted in PTV margin reductions from 3.9 to 2.8 mm in the SI direction, 3.1 to 1.8 mm in the AP direction, and an increase from 1.9 to 2.1 mm in the left–right direction.Conclusions:Prostate intrafraction motion is an important uncertainty source in radiotherapy after image‐guided patient setup with online corrections. Compared to non‐gas‐release rectal balloons, gas‐release balloons can reduce prostate intrafraction motion in the SI and AP directions caused by gas buildup.
A GPU implementation of inclusion-based points-to analysis
Authors: Mendez-Lojo Mario , Burtscher Martin , Pingali Keshav 
Published: September 2012

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as powerful accelerators for many
regular
algorithms that operate on dense arrays and matrices. In contrast, we know relatively little about using GPUs to accelerate highly
irregular
algorithms that operate on pointer-based data structures such as graphs. For the most part, research has focused on GPU implementations of graph analysis algorithms that do not modify the structure of the graph, such as algorithms for breadth-first search and strongly-connected components.

In this paper, we describe a high-performance GPU implementation of an important graph algorithm used in compilers such as gcc and LLVM: Andersen-style inclusion-based points-to analysis. This algorithm is challenging to parallelize effectively on GPUs because it makes extensive modifications to the structure of the underlying graph and performs relatively little computation. In spite of this, our program, when executed on a 14 Streaming Multiprocessor GPU, achieves an average speedup of 7x compared to a sequential CPU implementation and outperforms a parallel implementation of the same algorithm running on 16 CPU cores.
Our implementation provides general insights into how to produce high-performance GPU implementations of graph algorithms, and it highlights key differences between optimizing parallel programs for multicore CPUs and for GPUs.
Collective algorithms for sub-communicators
Authors: Mittal Anshul , Jain Nikhil , George Thomas , Sabharwal Yogish , Kumar Sameer 
Published: September 2012

Collective communication over a group of processors is an integral and time consuming component in many HPC applications. Many modern day supercomputers are based on torus interconnects. On such systems, for an irregular communicator comprising of a subset of processors, the algorithms developed so far are not contention free in general and hence non-optimal.
In this paper, we present a novel contention-free algorithm to perform collective operations over a subset of processors in a torus network. We also extend previous work on regular communicators to handle special cases of irregular communicators that occur frequently in parallel scientific applications. For the generic case where multiple node disjoint sub-communicators communicate simultaneously in a loosely synchronous fashion, we propose a novel cooperative approach to route the data for individual sub-communicators without contention. Empirical results demonstrate that our algorithms outperform the optimized MPI collective implementation on IBM's Blue Gene/P supercomputer for large data sizes and random node distributions.
Convective-Scale Variations in the Inner-Core Rainbands of a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Didlake Anthony C. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAirborne Doppler radar documented a variety of convective-scale structures within the inner-core rainbands of Hurricane Rita (2005). As predicted by past studies, wind shear determined azimuthal variations in the convection. All convective-scale circulations had radial inflow at low levels, upward motion, and outflow in the midtroposphere. Convective cells at smaller radii contained a low-level tangential jet determined largely by tangential acceleration due to angular momentum conservation (uυ/r term), while cells at larger radii contained a low-level and/or midlevel jet determined jointly by the uυ/r and vertical advection terms. The outflow was at a higher (lower) altitude for the outer (inner) cells.Radial variations in the convective cells are attributable to differences in buoyancy and vertical shear of the radial wind (∂u/∂z). More buoyant updrafts at larger radii enhance vertical advection of υ, creating local tangential jets at midlevels. At smaller radii the stronger low-level radial inflow contributes to a greater ∂u/∂z, confining convectively generated jets to low levels. The low-level tangential jet and convectively generated pressure gradients produce outward-pointing supergradient acceleration that decelerates the boundary layer inflow. Consequently, this supergradient flow will enhance convergence and convection at the radius of inner rainband cells, increasing the likelihood of secondary eyewall formation. It is hypothesized that a critical zone for secondary eyewall formation exists where sufficiently high ∂u/∂z consistently constrains the altitudes of convectively generated supergradient flow so that convection in this radial zone leads to a newly developed eyewall. Once an incipient secondary eyewall forms at a certain radius, subsidence occurring along its inner edge separates it from the primary eyewall.
Longitudinal Documentation of Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Collegiate Soccer Athletes Over the Course of an Athletic Season
Authors: Hoch Johanna M. , Mattacola Carl G. , Bush Heather M. , Medina McKeon Jennifer M. , Hewett Timothy E. , Lattermann Christian 
Published: September 2012

Background: Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (sCOMP) is a biomarker for cartilage degradation. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are used to document postinjury recovery and may be used to prospectively identify changes in the course of a season. It is unknown what effect intense, continuous physical activity has on sCOMP levels and PRO values in athletes over the duration of a soccer season. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to longitudinally document sCOMP levels and to determine whether changes in PROs occur in collegiate soccer athletes during a season. The hypotheses tested were that sCOMP levels and PRO scores would remain stable over the duration of the spring soccer season. Study Design: Case series; level of evidence, 4. Methods: Twenty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I soccer athletes (18 men, 11 women; age, 19.6 ± 1.2 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.4 cm; mass, 73.8 ± 10.2 kg) participated in 3 (pre-[T1], mid-[T2], and postseason [T3]) data collection sessions. Subjects were included if they were participants in the spring soccer season and were free of severe knee injury at the time of data collection. At each session, subjects completed PROs (Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee scores) before serum collection. Results: For sCOMP (ng/mL), there was a significant effect for time, with significant increases at T2 (1723.5 ± 257.9, P < .001) and T3 (1624.7 ± 231.6, P = .002) when compared with T1(1482.9 ± 217.9). For each of the PROs, there was a significant effect for time from T1-T3, and at T2-T3 for the IKDC. Conclusion: These data indicate sCOMP levels increased as athletes reported an increased level of function over time. However, the differences in sCOMP levels did not reach the calculated minimal detectable change (MDC) value and the differences in PRO scores did not reach previously calculated MDC values. It is unclear whether these increases in sCOMP levels were caused by an increase in cartilage matrix breakdown or turnover. Even though these elevations may not be clinically meaningful, this biomarker may have the potential to be used for future research studies investigating the effects of exercise on overall joint health in longitudinal studies. In addition, these results indicate fluctuations in sCOMP occur during a competitive season and must be taken into consideration for future biomarker studies.
Development and Field Testing of an HIV Medication Touch Screen Computer Patient Adherence Tool with Telephone-Based, Targeted Adherence Counseling
Authors: McInnes D. Keith , Hardy Hélène , Goetz Matthew B. , Skolnik Paul R. , Brewster Amanda L. , Hofmann Roger H. , Gifford Allen L. 
Published: September 2012

Background: HIV medication nonadherence is a major problem, yet many providers lack the time and training to carefully ask patients about their adherence. Objective: To design and pilot a technology-assisted intervention, for use in clinical settings, to identify nonadherent patients. Methods: The intervention uses audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) to improve the assessment of adherence and medication-related problems. Patients completed a touch screen computer ACASI which generated graphic clinician and patient reports for discussion during the clinical encounter. Results: 72 patients and 11 providers participated in this study. The patients easily completed the ACASI. Adherence was 63% (3-day) and 47% (30-day). Using the ACASI, 22% of patients identified themselves as nonadherent, when their providers perceived them as adherent. Conclusions: This ACASI-based intervention is easy to use and helps identify nonadherence. The pilot test engendered enhancements including the addition of phone-based adherence counseling. A larger trial is underway to evaluate whether the intervention leads to improved HIV-related outcomes.
A Randomized, Open‐Label, 3‐Way Crossover Study to Demonstrate Bioequivalence of Sildenafil Powder for Oral Suspension With Tablets Used Commercially and in Clinical Studies for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Gao Xiang , O'Gorman Melissa , Cook Jack , Shi Haihong , LaBadie Robert R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSildenafil citrate (Revatio) is approved for pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the European Union. A new pediatric formulation, 10 mg/mL sildenafil citrate powder for oral suspension (POS), was developed for pediatric PAH patients. Bioequivalence among the POS suspension (20 mg), the Revatio 20‐mg commercial tablet, and the sildenafil citrate 2 × 10‐mg clinical trial tablets was assessed. In this randomized, open‐label study, 42 healthy adult volunteers received the 3 different sildenafil treatments, each in a single 20‐mg oral dose, using a 3‐way crossover design. Blood samples were collected at predefined times and analyzed for sildenafil plasma concentrations. Natural log‐transformed sildenafil pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞) were evaluated for bioequivalence using a mixed‐effects model. Results were used to estimate relative bioavailability and construct 90% confidence intervals (CIs). Bioequivalence was concluded if the 90% CIs for Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞ were wholly contained within 80% to 125%. All 90% CIs for the ratios of adjusted geometric means of Cmax, AUClast, and AUC∞ were within 80% to 125%, the prespecified bioequivalence criteria. All 3 formulations were well tolerated. In conclusion, the POS suspension, the commercial 20‐mg Revatio tablet, and the 10‐mg sildenafil tablets were all bioequivalent to one another when given at the equal doses.