bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AWARENESS AND USE OF THE ADULT PRE-EXERCISE SCREENING SYSTEM (APSS) IN THE AUSTRALIAN FITNESS INDUSTRY
Authors: Perera N , Keyzer P , Dietrich J , Norton K , Sekendiz B , Jones V , Coyle I , Finch C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe Australian Adult Pre-Exercise Screening System (APSS) was developed as the national standard to promote quality control, consistency of practices across the industry and use of pre-exercise screening as a risk management tool to identify and manage health and injury risks associated with fitness activities. Stage 1 of APSS is compulsory and aims to identify those at high-risk of cardiovascular, metabolic or respiratory diseases and refer to medical/allied health professionals for clearance. Stage 2 and 3 are optional and screen for moderate or low risk individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate awareness and use of the APSS across the Australia-wide fitness industry.DesignA nationwide online self-report survey completed by fitness professionals.SettingAustralia-wide Fitness Industry using snowball sampling.Participants1178 adults, who own, manage or work in a registered/unregistered fitness business.Main outcome measurements1) Awareness and frequency of use of APSS, and 2) frequency of pre-exercise screening of any form and satisfaction of the pre-exercise screening being used.Results24% of respondents were insufficiently aware of the APSS, 47% aware and 29% were fully aware of APSS. Only 20% of respondents used APSS extremely frequently, 35% used APSS frequently and 45% used APSS infrequently. 65% of survey respondents always conducted a pre-exercise screening with their clients. 66% believed that their pre-exercise medical screenings of customers were good; 22% reported extremely good and 12% reported it was poor. Chi-squared tests identified significant relationships between conducting any pre-exercise screening and frequency of use of APSS (P<.001), satisfaction of pre-exercise screening and frequency of APSS use (P<.001), and awareness of APSS and the frequency of its use (P<.001).ConclusionsFrequency of use of APSS as a risk management tool by fitness professionals is strongly correlated with their awareness of it, their level of satisfaction of pre-exercising screening being used.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEAD INJURIES IN ENGLISH COMMUNITY LEVEL RUGBY UNION
Authors: Roberts S , Trewartha G , England M , Goodison W , Stokes K 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe rate and severity of head injuries are of particular interest in contact sports but are under-researched in amateur rugby union.ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of head injuries in English community rugby union.DesignUsing a prospective cohort design, information was collected for head injuries resulting in a ‘time-loss’ absence of 8 days or greater from match play and those requiring a ‘medical attendance’ during match play.SettingEnglish community rugby union, during seasons 2009/10 (n=46 clubs), 2010/11 (n=67 clubs) and 2011/12 (n=76 clubs) resulting in 92700 player hours.ParticipantsAll consenting players of participating clubs' first team squads.Independent variablesMatch exposure.Main outcome measurementsHead injury incidence and severity.ResultsAll time-loss head injuries incidence was 2.1 injuries per 1000 player match hours (95% CI 1.8–2.3) with a mean severity of 4.4 weeks missed (95% CI 3.8–5.0) (median of 3 weeks). Concussion incidence was 1.2 per 1000 hours (95% CI 1.0–1.4) with a mean of 3.4 weeks missed (95% CI 2.7–4.0) (median of 3 weeks). The tackle was associated with 66% of all head injuries (76% of all concussions). Medical attendances for head injuries (55 per 1000 hours; 95% CI 54–57) accounted for 24% of all attendances with a mean of one attendance for a head injury per team per match. The most common head attendances were for lacerations (39% of all head injuries), bruise/haematomas (29%) and neural injuries (including potential concussions; 12%).ConclusionsConcussions are the most common time-loss head injury in community rugby with players on average adhering to recovery guidelines by resting for three weeks. The tackle is the most commonly associated event. With one attendance per team per match for a head injury, the importance of having pitch side medical staff who are trained to recognise symptoms of concussion is clear.
TO IDENTIFY INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS FOR GROIN/HIP INJURIES AMONG ACADEMY LEVEL RUGBY UNION PLAYERS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Ryan J , McCreesh K , DeBurca N 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundGroin/Hip injuries are among the top 6 most commonly cited injuries in Rugby Union (RU). These injuries have increased significantly since 2002 moving from 16th to 4th place in the most common training injuries in 2012 RU annual audit.ObjectiveTo identify intrinsic risk factors for groin/hip injuries in an academy level RU population.DesignProspective cohort study design. Players were tested pre,mid and end season by primary investigator (PI) with team physiotherapists collecting injury data.SettingTesting was carried out in University of Limerick and two Irish RU provincial training grounds.Participants43 players were recruited using dissemination of information leaflets and objective discussion. Inclusion criteria: Academy level RU players from 2011/2012 provincial teams, over 18 years of age, fluent in English with written consent. Exclusion criteria: Injured or non-consenting players.Risk factor assessmentHip adductor squeeze strength, hip abductor/adductor isometric strength, passive and active internal/external hip rotation ROM, hip abduction ROM, adductor flexibility, groin palpation and quality of single leg squat were examined. Anthropometric data was collected using questionnaires. Team physiotherapists recorded injuries using OSCIS grading system. Hypothesis was formulated prior to testing.ResultsIncidence of groin/hip injuries was 21%. Non-modifiable risk factors identified were previous injury and smaller player height. Modifiable risk factors identified included; lower isometric squeeze strength, reduced dominant leg and bilateral mean adductor flexibility, greater dominant and non-dominant hip internal rotation ROM and positive tenderness of adductor origin musculature.ConclusionsThis study succeeded its objective. This is of significant importance clinically due to high injury incidence leading to missed training/matches and associated costs. Future research should call on the rugby community to implement these identified risk factors in the development of a screening tool for groin/hip injuries and examine its efficiency at reducing the incidence of injury thus taking the next step in groin/hip injury prevention.
LOWER LIMB FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRIES IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS: DO DIFFERENCES EXIST BETWEEN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS?
Authors: Sannicandro I , Quarto A , Piccinno A , Cofano G , Rosa RA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFunctional asymmetries of the lower limbs(FA) have been recognised as a potential source of injury risk of in soccer players;moreover a difference in strength performance between the lower limbs exceeding 15% is considered an injury risk factor. Preventative strategies should be integrated into young football player training regimes.Table 1.Young soccer players: mean age 9.1±0.1 years.n.athletes>15%Total%>15%% othersHop2522711,288,8Triple192278,491,6Side3322714,585,5Table 2.Young soccer players: mean age 11.2±0.1 years *p>0.05.n.athletes>15%Total%>15%% othersHop2720013,786,3Triple162008,391,7Side3720018,581,5ObjectiveTo assess the presence of FA in the lower limbs and evaluate whether the percentage of subjects presenting asymmetries exceeding 15% increases with age.DesignCross-sectional studies.SettingYouth sports.Participants427 young soccer players: 9.1±0.1 years, 36.3±6.5 kg, 137.9±7.1cm (n=227) and 11.2±0.1 yrs, 43.8±9.7 kg, 148.9±9.1 cm (n=200).Risk factor assessmentMonopodalic jump;all three versions were employed: Single (SI), Triple (TR) and Side hop(SE) is considered a valid indicator of FA in the lower limbs.Main outcome measurementsStrength in each of the lower limbs was assessed by means of the SI, TR and SE test; the percentage of FA between the lower limbs was calculated using the formula proposed by Yamamoto, 1993: (jump dominant-limb-jump non-dominant limb)/jump dominant-limb*100.ResultsThe percentage valuesare summarised in tables 1 and 2.ConclusionsThe highest percentage of subjects presenting asymmetries was detected in the 11yr-olds. Comparing the results for the two age groups revealed a statistically significant difference for the SideHop test.
ARE CLINICAL MEASURES OF CERVICAL FLEXOR ENDURANCE, DIVIDED ATTENTION AND COMPUTERIZED DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY DIFFERENT IN ELITE YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS WHO REPORT A PREVIOUS HISTORY OF CONCUSSION COMPARED TO THOSE WHO DO NOT?
Authors: Schneider K , Emery CA , Kang J , Meeuwisse W 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundConcussion is a commonly encountered injury. Evaluation of clinical tests at baseline will provide insight on clinical alterations that may persist following concussion.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate differences in baseline measures of cervical flexor endurance (CFE), walking while talking test (WWTT) and computerized dynamic visual acuity (cDVA) in elite youth ice hockey players who do and do not report a previous history of concussion.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSport Medicine Clinic (Alberta, Canada).ParticipantsBantam (12–14 years) and Midget (15–17 years) ice hockey players (n=550).Risk factor assessmentParticipants completed a baseline questionnaire, including a question regarding previous history of concussion (yes/no).Main outcome measurementsParticipants completed clinical tests of CFE, WWTT and cDVA at baseline.ResultsMultivariate linear regression, adjusted for cluster, age group and sex was used to estimate mean differences in clinical measurement scores by concussion history (yes/no). Individuals reporting a previous history of concussion were able to hold a test of CFE for a geometric mean time of 0.88 (95% CI; 0.81–0.97) seconds less than those who did not report a previous history of concussion (P=.009). The time to complete WWTT complex compared to self-selected walking speed was a mean of 2.85 (1.09–4,62) seconds slower in midget females with a previous history of concussion. Players reporting a previous concussion had significantly lower cDVA score at 85 degrees/second [cDVAleft=−0.036 logMAR (95%CI: −0.056, −0.016)].ConclusionComputerized DVA (85 degrees/second) and CFE were lower in players with a previous history of concussion. The effect of past concussion history on tasks of divided attention depended on age group and sex. These findings allow a further understanding of clinical alterations that may persist following a concussion and identify an area to target in a future clinical trial for prevention.
ARE CLINICAL MEASURES OF CERVICAL SPINE STRENGTH AND CERVICAL FLEXOR ENDURANCE RISK FACTORS FOR CONCUSSION IN ELITE YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS?
Authors: Schneider K , Emery CA , Kang J , Meeuwisse W 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSymptoms of dizziness, neck pain and headaches have previously been identified as risk factors for concussion. Clinical measures associated with these symptoms have not previously been evaluated as risk factors for concussion.ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical measures of cervical endurance and strength as risk factors for concussion in elite youth ice hockey players.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity ice rinks and Sport Medicine Clinic.ParticipantsBantam (12-14 years) and Midget (15–17 years) male and female elite youth ice hockey players (n=466).Risk factor assessmentParticipants completed baseline clinical tests of cervical flexor endurance and cervical spine isometric strength at the beginning of the 2011–2012 season.Main outcome measurementsPlayers with a suspected concussion (identified by team therapists) were referred to the study sport medicine physician for assessment (diagnosed as per the 3rdInternational Consensus on Concussion in Sport Guidelines).ResultsConcussion incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression (adjusted for cluster by team and exposure hours). 466 elite youth ice hockey players completed clinical baseline tests at the start of the 2011–2012 hockey season. Players performing in the lowest 25thpercentile were not at an increased risk of concussion during the season of play [cervical strength right sided IRR=1.33 (95%CI; 0.98–1.83); left IRR=1.07 (95% CI; 0.64–1.78] or cervical flexor endurance [IRR=1.27 (95% CI; 0.74–2.20)].ConclusionClinical tests of cervical flexor endurance and isometric cervical strength were not predictive of concussion risk. Further evaluation of other baseline clinical measures is necessary to inform future development of prevention strategies for concussion in youth.
SHOULDER INJURY PREVENTION IN VOLLEYBALL: PERFORMANCE AND KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SPIKE TECHNIQUES
Authors: Seminati E , Marzari A , Vacondio O , Enrico MA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRepetitive stresses during spike movements in volleyball, make the shoulder one of the most commonly exposed body parts, bringing athletes to prematurely interrupt their career.ObjectiveDifferent spike techniques are supposed to be associated to different risk shoulder damage. Here we compared the kinematics of the 2 most diffused spike techniques, also with respect to performance.DesignCross sectional-experimental study.SettingSubjects were selected from high-level National teams.Participants10 female and 11 male (22.4±6.5 years, 1.88±0.07 m, 79.08±9.41 kg).InterventionsSubjects performed the traditional (TT) and alternative (AT) spike movement technique without jumping, jumping with and without hitting the ball. 3D kinematic of the upper right limb and trunk was recorded with an optoelectronic system. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere intersected by the distal end of the humerus. In order to obtain intersection angles (azimuth: longitude and elevation: latitude) independently from the overall body's movements, the sphere was considered attached to trunk. Humerus intra-extra rotation was calculated with Eulerian angles. Linear and angular velocities have been measured as well ball speed and jump height.Main outcome measurementsHumerus trajectory of the 2 techniques travels along significantly different paths on the imaginary sphere.Results:Maximal humerus elevation was reduced by 7% in AT, while azimuth was significantly higher, when compared to TT. No difference between TT and AT was found for extra-rotation angles, while intra and extra-rotation angular velocities were significantly higher when adopting the AT.ConclusionsOur method shows that AT could be potentially a preventive solution to the shoulder chronic pathologies, while maintaining, or even enhancing, athletes' performance. Furthermore it proved to be effective in visualizing the risks associated to different spike manoeuvres, showing in the same 3D space information regarding both humerus angles and velocities.
TIME TO ADD A NEW PRIORITY TARGET FOR CHILD INJURY PREVENTION? THE CASE FOR AN EXCESS BURDEN ASSOCIATED WITH SPORT AND EXERCISE RELATED INJURY
Authors: Wong Shee A , Clapperton A , Finch CF 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundRecent Global Burden of Disease estimates highlight the high burden associated with injury, especially road trauma. However, these estimates, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9/ICD-10), did not specifically identify sports injuries.ObjectiveTo compare the public health burden of sport and road traffic injury, for children <15 years over a 7-year period in Victoria, Australia.DesignAnalysis of data for non-fatal hospital-treated sports injuries and road traffic injury cases for children aged <15 years in Victoria, Australia over 2004–2010, inclusive. Data included: all Victorian public and private hospitalizations, using ICD-10-Australian modification (ICD-10-AM) activity codes to identify sport-related cases and ICD-10-AM cause and location codes to identify road traffic injuries; injury presentations to 38 Victorian public hospital emergency departments, using a combination of the available activity, cause and location codes.Main outcome MmeasurementsTrends in injury frequency were analysed by log-linear Poisson regression. Population-level injury burden was assessed in terms of years lived with disability (YLDs), hospital bed-days and direct hospital costs.ResultsOver the 7-year period, the annual frequency of hospital-treated sports injury increased significantly by 29% (N=7405 to N=9923; P<.001) but the frequency of hospital-treated road traffic injury decreased by 26% (N=1841 to N=1334; P<.001). Sports injury accounted for a larger population health burden than did road traffic injury: 3.0X the number of YLDs (7324.8 vs. 2453.9); 1.9X the number of bed-days (26,233 vs. 13,886); and 2.6X the direct hospital costs ($5·9 m vs. $2.2 m).ConclusionsThe significant 7-year increase in frequency of hospital-treated sports injury and significantly higher injury population-health burden for sports injury, compared with road traffic injury, for children aged <15 years provides additional incentive for prioritising sports injury prevention in this age group.
INJURY PROFILE OF BRAZILIAN ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC GAMES 2012
Authors: Bolling C , Leite M , Neto JG , Barreto H , Tadiello F , Medeiros L , Rodrigues F 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAthletes performance in Olympic Games depends on health condition. Physiotherapy staff treats injuries, relieves pain and manages symptoms to help athletes to reach the highest performance.ObjetiveTo describe injury profile of athletes treated in Physiotherapy department in London Olympic Games 2012.DesignThis is a descriptive epidemiological study about injuries in Olympic Games.SettingThis study was conducted by Brazilian delegation physiotherapists during the Olympic Games in London 2012.ParticipantsAll athletes (n=132) treated in physiotherapy department of Brazilian Olympic committee.InterventionAll brazilian delegation athletes could request for health care in the physiotherapy department. Physiotherapists reported all injuries and interventions in a standard form.Main outcome measurementsThe information collected was: name, gender, modality, number of sessions; related to injuries: location, type, cause, mechanism, symptoms duration. The data analyses was descriptive.Results132 athletes (72 men/60 women) were treated in 680 treatment sessions with a mean of 5.15 session/injury. Injuries distribution related to modality was: boxe (13.9%), volleyball (13.9%), basketball (12.2%), handball (11.4%), gymnastics (7,3%), judo (6.5%), athletics (5.7%), swimming (5.7%), sailing (5.7%), others (14.7%). Injuries occurred in lower limbs (55.3%), upper limbs (22.7%), trunk (19,6%), others (2,4%). The tendinopathies (29%) and muscular injuries (31%) were the most common type. Most frequent injury cause was overuse (73%) followed by contact injuries (14%). The majority of injuries had more than 4 months duration (33%), followed by 1–7 days duration (24%) and 8–30 days (12%). According to mechanism, 30% was traumatic injuries.ConclusionThe high number of overuse, tendinopathies and long term injuries indicate that many athletes arrived injured at Olympic games. Therefore a preventive strategy for chronic conditions should be a priority in Pre-Olympic training.
EXPLORATION OF CONTRALATERAL RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXERTIONAL MEDIAL TIBIAL PAIN IN WOMEN
Authors: Verrelst R 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThere is a significant lack of studies looking into the role of contralateral factors in the kinetic chain of subjects predisposed to exertional medial tibial pain (EMTP).DesignHip muscle strength and 3D kinematic parameters during a single leg drop jump (SLDJ) were prospectively evaluated.SettingSubjects were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed throughout one or two years.Participants81 healthy female physical education students, were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed throughout 1 or 2 years.Risk factor assessmentCox regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors for the development of EMTP.Main outcome measurementsIt was hypothesized that in a subject predisposed to EMTP, differences in contralateral factors can be determined when compared to subjects not predisposed to EMTP.ResultsAfter exclusion of subjects with diagnosed bilateral EMTP, 11 subjects were included in the EMTP-group. The leg not at risk for EMTP within EMTP-predisposed subjects was compared with an uninjured leg of the control group. Analysis of the isokinetic data did not reveal altered hip muscle strength parameters for the leg not at risk within EMTP-subjects. However, increased accessory movement in the transverse plane for the contralateral knee during landing phase, was found to be a significant predictor (P=.012) for EMTP.ConclusionsImpaired DJS or accessory movement was found in the transverse plane of the contralateral lower leg of subjects who developed EMTP, which may speculate that this factor contributed to altered movement patterns within the kinetic chain function of the subjects who developed EMTP. No contralateral decreased isokinetic hip muscle strength was found to be a significant predictor for EMTP in this study.
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF AN ELITE ATHLETE–QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRAINING-RELATED INJURY RISK FACTORS
Authors: Wang VC , Ottawa F , Mayer F , Wippert PM 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSince the 2009 International Olympic Committee consensus statement, health promotion and injury prevention has been of prime importance in the health care of elite athletes. However, to date, most studies investigating injury risk factors of elite athletes have focused on single causes of injury while the elite athletes' injuries are often multi-factorial determined. To get a more comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for injury, two multiple-perspective (medical/ psychosocial/training) questionnaires were developed to assess sport injury risk factors of elite athletes in two countries (Germany and Taiwan).ObjectiveTo investigate test-retest reliability of an elite athlete questionnaire in two countries before conducting the official survey. This contribution focus on the presentation of the adopted IOC consensus statement tools like the medical Periodical Health Examination (PHE) and the Pre-Participation Evaluation (PPE).DesignRetrospective and cross-sectional.SettingAnonymous participation of national level Olympic sport athletes. The survey consisted of 8 sections assessing Periodical Health Examinations & Pre-Participation Evaluation, Injuries (CIRS), Medical Care, Medical Support Quality, Health Behaviors, Training Environment, Life Events (ILE) and Subjective Stress (PSS).Participants63 athletes (35 Germans: 19f, 16m, 21.5±3.5 yrs; 28 Taiwanese: 3f, 25m, 23±2.8 yrs) training background of 2–3hrs/2–3times/week, filled out the questionnaire twice with a one-week interval.Risk factor assessmentA coding plan was developed. For the PPE and the PHE only numerical-scale data were analyzed by calculating Spearman's Rho tests between 1stand 2ndsets of answers on each question from all participants of same version. Statistical significance was set at ɑ=0.05.ResultsCorrelation analyses revealed good reliability levels ranging from r=.72 to r=.98 between the 2 tests.ConclusionsIn general, the questionnaire part assessing PPE and PHE is a reliable instrument to use in German and Taiwanese athletes.