bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer prediction using machine learning models based on blood routine analysis
Authors: Su Jie , Lu Hui , Zhang RuiHuan , Cui Na , Chen Chao , Si Qin , Song Biao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and objective:
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. The key of prevention and treatment of cervical cancer is early detection, diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to develop an interpretable model to predict the risk for patients with cervical cancer based on blood routine data and used the Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) method to explain the model and explore factors for cervical cancer.
Methods
In this paper, medical records of patients from 2013 to 2023 were collected for retrospective study. 2533 patients with cervical cancer were used as the case group, and 9879 patients with apparent healthy subjects were used as the control group. Using age, clinical diagnosis information and 22 blood cell analysis results, four different algorithm were used to construct cervical cancer prediction model.
Results
Using lasso regression and random forest method, 15 important blood routine features were finally selected from 23 features for model training. Comparatively, the XGBoost model had the highest predictive performance among four models with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.964, whereas RF had the poorest generalization ability (AUC = 0.907). The SHAP method reveals the top 6 predictors of cervical cancer according to the importance ranking, and the average of the PDW was recognized as the most important predictor variable.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we select the best ML based on performance and rank the importance of features according to Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values. Compared to the other 4 algorithms, the results showed that the XGB had the best prediction performance for successfully predicting cervical cancer recurrence and was adopted in the establishment of the prediction model.
Blockchain-based distributed federated learning using proof of accuracy consensus
Authors: Sadegh Aghil , Bidgoly Amir Jalaly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper explores integrating federated learning (FL) and blockchain tech- nology, two burgeoning fields in information technology. Despite their growing popularity, both domains face significant challenges. In federated learning, the primary concern is safeguarding the integrity of the general model against client- induced compromises. Blockchain technology grapples with the need for a green mining approach through an energy-efficient consensus protocol. Our study lever- ages the strengths of each platform to mitigate the weaknesses of the other. We introduce an innovative blockchain-based FL model that eliminates the need for a central aggregator. Utilizing a green mining consensus algorithm named Proof of Accuracy (PoA), we create a competitive environment among nodes, fostering the creation of superior models. This approach ensures data integrity and model validation through a community-based consensus, resulting in a fully distributed system. This system enhances FL’s security and scalability and addresses vulner- abilities like malicious aggregators and scalability issues. Through experimental evaluations on the MNIST dataset with 20 miners, on one hand, our method enhances model accuracy to nearly 99% only after 10 blocks which is a higher point compared to FL and central learning. On the other hand, replacing Proof of Work (PoW) with PoA reduces energy consumption by nearly 30%. More- over, blockchain attacks appeared to be inapplicable, or resolvable after 6 blocks like fork attacks. After all, the introduced incentivizing mechanism lets malicious nodes get nearly zero rewards and allocates main rewards to honest nodes which is coherent with their efforts to present a superior model.
Reading the Unreadable: Synchrotron XRF Spectroscopy for Reading Salt-Encrusted Cuneiform Tablets
Authors: Surdi Mirko , Tack Pieter , Lycke Sylvia , Schoeder Sebastian , De Graef Katrien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cuneiform tablets were a primary writing medium in the ancient Near East from the late fourth millennium BCE to the first century CE. Although these clay tablets were durable for daily use, prolonged burial over millennia has made them vulnerable to salt damage. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity cause the migration of salts to the surface of the tablets, damaging them and covering the inscriptions, making the text unreadable. Traditional preservation and restoration techniques, such as firing and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) treatments, although effective in making the text legible again, cause irreversible physicochemical alterations, compromising the historical integrity of the tablets. To address this issue, we used synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) spectroscopy to analyze cuneiform tablets covered by salts. This method enabled the recovery of previously unreadable texts without altering the nature of the tablets. Our findings highlight the importance of non-invasive methods for preserving and studying cuneiform tablets, maintaining their physicochemical integrity, and allowing for future research using various techniques.
Exposing factors influencing Korean leisure life satisfaction through machine learning techniques
Authors: Lee Yong-Kwan , Kim Boohyun , Kim Jinheum 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study examines factors influencing leisure life satisfaction (LLS) through machine learning techniques based on the data from the 2019 National Leisure Activity Survey in Korea. The results show that using machine learning techniques in identifying LLS influencing factors improves predictive power and helps detect effective leisure interventions. We also strengthen studies on mediators and moderators related to LLS and provide new insights into related research. The findings suggest that a diverse and balanced leisure repertoire is associated with greater levels of LLS, particularly in active leisure and social activities. However, the relationship between the repertoire of passive leisure activities and LLS is negative, suggesting that the optimal point for leisure activities is found between various leisure experiences and limited resources. Leisure resource availability, such as expenditure, time, facilities, and interpersonal factors, may affect LLS, but varies with age. The results provide new insights and more accurate models of the factors influencing LLS and their complex relationships.
Diagnostic stewardship and dermatology consultation in cellulitis management: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Vivian , Callado Gustavo Yano , Pardo Isabele , Gutfreud Maria , Hsieh Mariana Kim , Pereira Andrea Mendes Rodrigues , Kwong Bernice Y. , Aleshin Maria , Holubar Marisa , Salinas Jorge , Diekema Daniel J. , Marra Alexandre R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Importance: Cellulitis is a common skin infection often requiring antibiotic treatment. However, misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic use contribute to antibiotic resistance and healthcare costs.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of dermatology consultation on treatment modification in patients with suspected cellulitis and to determine whether dermatologists’ evaluation can be used as a reference to diagnose suspected cellulitis.
Data Sources: We explored MedLine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus and Embase, including publications from database inception to July 25, 2023.
Study Selection: Studies were included if they evaluated treatment modification involving the use of antibiotics of patients with suspected cellulitis with and without dermatology consultation. We excluded comments or reviews, pilot studies, and studies without a non-dermatology control group, treatment modifications, the use of antibiotics, and patients with cellulitis. Of the 49 full-text articles, 14 studies met the selection criteria.
Data Extraction and Synthesis: This systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Of five independent reviewers (GYC, IP, MG, MKH, and AMRP), two abstracted data for each article using a standardized abstraction form. We used the Downs and Black scale to evaluate study quality. Subgroup analysis was made regarding readmission rate in 30 days between two independent populations seen by a non-dermatologist physician or a dermatologist. We employed random-effect models to obtain pooled mean differences. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I-squared value.
Main Outcomes and Measures: The impact of dermatology consultation on treatment modification involving antibiotics in patients with suspected cellulitis and readmission rates in 30 days.
Results: Dermatology consultation changed initial treatment plans involving antibiotics from 47% to 96% of the time, improving diagnostic accuracy and, consequently, antibiotic stewardship of cellulitis. Dermatology consultation was associated with lower readmission rates in 30 days (pooled OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.25, I2 = 0%).
Conclusions and Relevance: Dermatology consultation in patients with suspected cellulitis may improve diagnosis and management, thereby reducing antibiotic misuse, unnecessary tests, and prolonged hospitalizations.
Clinical and Molecular Spectrum Along With Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of 25 Patients Diagnosed With 3M Syndrome: A Study from Turkey
Authors: Akalın Akçahan , Özalkak Şervan , Yıldırım Ruken , Karakaya Amine Aktar , Kolbaşı Barış , Durmuşalioğlu Enise Avcı , Kökali Funda , Demir Gizem Ürel , Ünal Edip , Atik Tahir , Kiper Pelin Özlem Şimşek , Elcioglu Nursel H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: 3M syndrome is a well-known autosomal recessive skeletal genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8genes. Affected individuals exhibit profound pre- and postnatal growth retardation, distinctive facial features with normal intelligence. This study aims to provide insight into the comprehensive evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings, expand the mutational spectrum of the disease, and establish a genotype-phenotype correlation in present cases.
Study design: A total of 25 patients from 19 unrelated families were included in the study. Genetic etiology was determined in probands through the utilization of Sanger sequencing and/or targeted gene panel analysis. The clinical, laboratory, and genetic features of all patients at admission and during follow-up were documented. Genotype-phenotype correlation was carried out in the CUL7 and OBSL1 groups.
Results: The genetic etiology was established in all patients (n = 25/25, 100%). We identified fourteen distinct variants in CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes, with ten being novel. CUL7 variants were present in thirteen patients (n = 13/25, 52%), while OBSL1 variants were found in eleven patients (n = 11/25, 44%). No notable distinctions were found in mean birth weight, height, and standard deviation scores between the CUL7 and OBSL1 mutation groups (p>0.05). Patients with CUL7 variants exhibited significantly lower height standard deviation scores both at admission and at the last examination, as well as lower weight standard deviation scores at the last examination, compared to those with OBSL1variants (p<0.05).
Conclusion: To date, genotype-phenotype correlations have been identified in a limited number of studies. Further research involving larger cohorts is necessary to solidify these correlations.
Bifidobacterium animalis BD400 alleviates collagen-induced arthritis through branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and ubiquinone biosynthesis
Authors: Yang Yang , Hong Qing , Zhang Xuehong , Liu Zhenmin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic and systemic autoimmune disease. Numerous clinical studies have indicated a correlation between alterations in gut microbiota and the onset and progression of RA. As a result, this research aims to restore intestinal microbiota to a healthy state through the oral administration of Bifidobacterium in the early stages with the goal of delaying the onset and progression of RA.
Results
The findings reveal that administering Bifidobacterium animalis BD400 orally led to a significant reduction in arthritis clinical scores and paw swelling thickness in CIA rats. Additionally, there was a decrease in osteo-facial fusion and calcified cartilage thickening in the knee joint. Furthermore, the oral administration of B. animalis BD400 resulted in the down-regulation of inflammatory factors TNF-α and collagenase MMP-13 in the knee joint. Levels of specific antibodies (anti-CII IgG, anti-CII IgG1, and anti-CII IgG2a) and cytokine IL-17A in serum, as well as cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the synovial fluid of B. animalis BD400-treated CIA rats, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The gene expression levels of intestinal barrier proteins (occludin-1, MUC-2, and ZO-1) showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in B. animalis BD400-treated CIA rats. The oral administration of B. animalis BD400 altered the composition of intestinal microorganisms in CIA rats at the phylum and genus levels, particularly affecting the genus HT002.
Conclusions
B. animalis BD400 alleviates RA by down-regulating 2-ketobutyric acid and pyruvate in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, as well as down-regulating 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone, laying a foundation for the RA clinical treatment of probiotics.
Impact of Bladder Size and Shape on the Accuracy of Formula Method for Bladder Volume Evaluation.
Authors: Shen Jintao , Zuo Yaqi , Song Jing , Su Zhen , Wang Shiwen , Jiang Haihong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
To explore the impact of bladder size and shape on the accuracy of formula method (V = 0.52 × d1 × d2 × d3) for bladder volume evaluation.
Methods
Data was retrospectively collected from 220 patients without reportable bladder diseases. CT images were imported into 3D Slicer software to measure the bladder volume VA (reference standards). Bladder volume was also measured by the formula method VB=0.52×d1×d2×d3. Results of these two methods were compared based on bladder size and shape.
Results
The bldder volume was 121.05 ± 83.59ml with the formula method, compared with 128.50 ± 82.61ml measured by 3D Slicer (P < 0.05). Patients were divided into three groups based on bladder size, the mean percentage deviations between two methods were 18.81 ± 20.82%, 3.37 ± 12.90% and 4.61 ± 10.64%, respectively. According to the bladder shape, it can be divided into 5 types. For round and triangle shape, there was no significant statistical difference in the results of two methods. For bladder shape with ellipse, rectangle and irregular shape, the volume evaluated by formula method were statistically lower. Their deviations were 9.73 ± 17.49%, 12.92 ± 9.62% and 14.35 ± 21.18%, respectively.
Conclusion
The accuracy of the formula method for estimating bladder volume is affected by bladder size and shape. Overall, the formula method tends to underestimate the bladder volume. The error of small-sized bladders was much greater than that of large-sized bladders. Furthermore, the formula method has high accuracy in measuring bladder volume with round and triangle shapes.
The kinetics of maternal and self-developed Streptococcus suis-specific antibodies
Authors: Vreman Sandra , Jansen Rutger , Bastian Mikael , Beckers Patricia , Riet Miriam van , Fijten Helmi , Fledderus Jan , de Greeff Astrid , Winkelman Helene , Stockhofe Norbert , Faba Lluis , Wisselink Henk J. , Vrieling Manouk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infections are responsible for a large disease burden in piglets after weaning, compromising animal welfare and increasing antibiotic use. The immune gap caused by decreased maternal-derived antibodies (MDA) and insufficient acquired antibodies in weaned pigs could be a key factor for increased susceptibility to S. suis infections. To better understand this, two studies were performed. Study I evaluated the associations between sow antibodies in colostrum and serum, birth parameters (e.g., birth weight, colostrum intake and piglet growth) and the levels of S. suis-specific (serotypes 2 and 9) antibodies in one-day-old piglets from four farms. Subsequently, Study II used one of these farms to evaluate S. suis-specific and total antibody kinetics in piglets (10 litters with 6 selected piglets per litter, total n=60) from birth until10 weeks of age. Additionally, tonsil swabs from sows and piglets were taken to evaluate the S. suis tonsillar carrier status (serotypes 2 and 9) before and after weaning.
Results: High variability in serum and colostrum antibody levels was observed between and within the four farms (study I). In Study II, there was a decrease in S. suis-specific MDA after 24 hours of age, with the lowest level occurring at approximately 18/19 days of age. Afterwards, there was an increase in specific antibodies, most likely due to acquired immunity. Colostrum intake, birth weight and 24-h weight gain after birth were important parameters that were positively associated with S. suis antibody levels in piglets after birth but also affected these antibody levels at a later age. All the piglet tonsils were colonized with S. suisserotype 9 before weaning, while the prevalence of serotype 2 increased after weaning.
Conclusions: The lowest level of S. suis-specific antibodies was detected just before weaning, which contributes to piglet susceptibility to S. suis infections. Farmers and veterinarians should focus on piglets with low birth weights, late-born piglets, and/or piglets with low colostrum intake because these parameters reduce both the S. suis-specific MDA preweaning and the specific antibodies acquired postweaning.
Graves’ Disease Diagnosed Six Months After Microwave Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A case report
Authors: Gu Yunru , Chen Rui , Chen Mingming , Jiang Xiaohong , Wang Long , Huang Xiaolin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Microwave ablation is a new minimally invasive technique for the treatment of thyroid nodules. Hyperthyroidism due to destructive thyroiditis is a known risk of MWA, but this occurs in only a minority of cases. We report a rare case of a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease 6 months after microwave ablation of a thyroid nodule.
Case presentation
On July 31, 2022, a 43-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with symptoms of pyrexia, excessive sweating, and palpitations for 15 days. History inquiry revealed that the patient had undergone microwave ablation of right-sided thyroid nodule 6 months ago in another hospital. The patient’s thyroid ultrasound suggested bilateral diffuse thyroid lesions, with a moderately echogenic mass observed on the right side of the thyroid gland, potentially indicative of thyroid nodule ablation. The patient had elevated serum thyroid hormone levels, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and positive associated thyroid antibodies. To control the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the patient opted for oral antithyroid medication, and the patient's thyroid function returned to normal after 3 months of medication. The patient is now under regular follow-up.
Conclusions
Although microwave ablation is becoming more popular, a number of adverse effects have limited its use. The objective of our study is to analyze the causes of Graves' disease after ablation, emphasizing the importance of strictly adhering to ablation guidelines and standardizing the procedure. Further large-scale studies are necessary to predict the risk factors that affect the regression of thyroid function after ablation and to prevent postoperative abnormalities of thyroid function.
Factors Influencing on Drought Distress: A Study on Vulnerable Communities in Rural Karnataka, India
Authors: Ramesha Naika , Ramesh Jare 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The present study examined the factors influencing on drought distress among vulnerable communities in rural Karnataka, India. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. A sample of 264 vulnerable communities was interviewed, 13 measured variables were identified, and a 5-point Likert scale was used to validate the study. The results of the study indicate that three factors contribute to drought: Drought Distress Factors (DDF), Economic Factors (EF), and Social Factors (SF). This study further revealed that vulnerable communities are most distressed by deficits because of frequent incidents of drought, high temperatures due to climate change, and losses of agricultural and income generation livelihood activities, which are leading challenges in sustaining livelihoods among vulnerable communities. Subsequently, the government should compensate for losses such as crop damage and livestock, and crop insurance can be introduced by providing skill-based training, which can be used as a livelihood to sustain vulnerable communities.
Biased Reasoning with Unbalanced Attention for Autopilot Flight Considering Anchoring Effects
Authors: Zhou Yutong , Fu Shan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The anchoring effect in psychology suggests that people may pay more attention to early information received. Cognitive anchoring effects can lead to unbalanced attention in decision-making, which is rarely considered in computational human performance and human-computer interaction (CHP \& HCI). This paper proposed biased reasoning with unbalanced attention to derive autopilot commands in flight. First, we establish a fuzzy reasoning module to compute a binary indicator of attention toward early information. Second, we devise an unequally-spaced sampling window to generate cognition weights on information at different times. Finally, we apply the binary indicator and cognition weights to derive virtual heading commands in autopilot. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can simulate the anchoring effect to reflect the unbalanced attention in decision-making under various autopilot scenarios. We found that individual differences in previous impressions affect attention and reasoning, a breakthrough in CHP \& HCI. In summary, our approach represents a new route of biased cognitive reasoning due to unbalanced attention in decision-making.
A new BNiLi glass sample [Li2O-B2O3-NiO] conjugated with poly (L-alanine) modified carbon paste electrode for the electrochemical determination of linezolid
Authors: Abd-Elsabour M. , Abou-Krisha Mortaga M. , Alhamzani Abdulrahman G. , Yousef Tarek A. , Alotaibi Abdullah N. , Mohy-Eldin Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A new glass sample (BNiLi) was prepared by melt-quenching method. The physical nature of glass sample was investigated via X-ray diffraction, while the atomic structure was studied via density and infrared spectroscopy. The existence of main structure units such as BO3 and BO4 was confirmed. Furthermore, the optical absorbance was measured, and the electronic transitions of nickel ions were revealed. Optical band gap energy was estimated for BNiLi glass sample. The prepared BNiLi glass was used to modify a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with a polymer film of L-alanine (Ala). The obtained p-Ala@BNiLi/CPE was employed to determine Linezolid (LIN) by cyclic voltammetric, linear sweep voltammetric, differential pulse voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods. The proposed sensor achieve a low limit of detection(23 nM), good repeatability and high stability.The fabricated sensor was applied to detect LIN in pharmaceutical and human serum samples.