bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosion wear performance of a surface diffusion alloyed coating on pure magnesium
Authors: Ma Youping , Li Xiulan , Yang Lei 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Diffusion alloying processing is an emerging, environmentally friendly, surface engineering technique. In this study, we have utilized diffusion alloying processing to alloy aluminum and zinc mixed powder on pure magnesium for erosion wear protection. A stirring device was used for erosion testing. The treated and untreated samples were immersed in oil slurry and water slurry with quartz sand in suspension and rotated at a given speed. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the surface morphology and chemical composition of the coatings before and after erosion testing.
Simple preperation of CuO nanoparticles and submicron spheres via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP)
Authors: Ebin Burçak , Gençer Övgü , Gürmen Sebahattin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles and submicron size spheres were produced via the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using copper nitrate without any additives. The effects of the process temperature and solution concentration on the copper oxide particles were investigated. HSC software, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis were used for the thermodynamic investigation of the CuO formation by the decomposition reaction. Particle characterization studies were performed using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning–and transmission–electron microscopy. The results show that spherical CuO nanoparticles having around 80 nm particle size were prepared at 400 °C and the submicron size CuO spheres were obtained by the aggregation of nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. The crystallite sizes of the particles ranged between 21 and 46 nm.
The suitability of selected austenitic stainless steels and hastelloy C276 alloys as substrates for thin film deposition using spray pyrolysis
Authors: Khateeb Shadi Al 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To detect the suitability of the American Iron and Steel Institute grade 304, 309, 310, 316L steels and Hastelloy C276 substrates for thin film deposition using spray pyrolysis, the substrates were pre-heated between 400–700°C and soaked for one hour. American Society for Testing and Materials standards A262-A, E and G28-A were then applied. The substrates of 304 heated at 400, 600–700°C, the 310 heated between 450–700°C and the as-received 310 were not found suitable. However it was found that the 304, 309, and 310 substrates were suitable up to 550°C, the 316L up to 700°C and the C276 up to 550°C.
Annual Medical Costs and Healthcare Resource Use in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in an Insured Population
Authors: FURST DANIEL E. , FERNANDES ANCILLA W. , IORGA SERBAN R. , GRETH WARREN , BANCROFT TIM 
Published: October 2012

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The objective of our study was to estimate the medical costs and healthcare resource use of subjects with SSc in a large US managed care plan.Methods.Subjects at least 18 years of age and with claims-based evidence of SSc (ICD-9-CM code 710.1x) were identified from a health plan database from 2003 through 2008. Subjects were matched to unaffected controls, based on index date, age, sex, geographic region, time on insurance, and comorbidity score. Costs and resource use were identified during the 12-month postindex period. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to estimate costs, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics.Results.In this study, 1648 subjects with SSc were matched to 4944 controls. Mean overall annual medical costs were higher among SSc subjects than controls ($17,365 vs $5,508; p < 0.001). A GLM model supported these results. Evidence of lung disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, or renal disease increased costs (all p < 0.001). Compared to controls, significantly higher proportions of SSc subjects had postindex ambulatory visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient hospital stays (all p < 0.001).Conclusion.Our findings suggest that the medical costs and resource use associated with treating SSc are high (compared to matched controls), and as expected, subjects with serious disease complications experience the highest costs.
Different Type of Carotid Arterial Wall Remodeling in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared with Healthy Subjects: A Case-Control Study
Authors: VAN SIJL ALPER M. , VAN DEN HURK KATJA , PETERS MIKE J.L. , VAN HALM VOKKO P. , NIJPELS GIEL , STEHOUWER COEN D.A. , SMULDERS YVO M. , VOSKUYL ALEXANDRE E. , DEKKER JACQUELINE M. , NURMOHAMED MICHAEL T. 
Published: October 2012

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, but mechanisms behind this increased risk have not been fully elucidated. Carotid arterial remodeling is the change of structural properties in response to hemodynamic or metabolic factors aimed at keeping wall stress within certain limits. This process might become maladaptive when stress on the arterial wall increases beyond these limits. We investigated whether maladaptive carotid arterial remodeling is present in RA compared with control subjects.Methods.The 2 cohorts were 96 patients with RA and 274 healthy subjects, who were investigated cross-sectionally. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and interadventitial diameter (IAD) were assessed by B-mode carotid ultrasonography. Lumen diameter (LD), circumferential wall stress (CWS), and circumferential wall tension (CWT) were calculated. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association between presence of RA and carotid arterial remodeling.Results.Compared with healthy subjects, RA was associated with a 0.40 mm (9.3%) greater LD, 0.41 mm (7.8%) greater IAD, 10% higher CWS, and 8% higher CWT. The groups had comparable cIMT. Associations remained similar after exclusion of patients with prior CV disease and after adjustment for demographic factors and CV risk factors.Conclusion.RA is associated with maladaptive outward carotid arterial remodeling. These results are relevant because maladaptive outward remodeling is associated with plaque instability and rupture. These results indicate an alternative pathway, beyond the traditional CV risk factors, in RA that amplifies the CV risk.
The calculation of building corrections in microgravity surveys using close range photogrammetry
Authors: Panisova J. , Pašteka R. , Papčo J. , Fraštia3 M. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUse of the microgravity technique for cavity detection in the exploration of historical buildings requires careful data acquisition and modern processing procedures. We have developed a new method for the calculation of building effects, where geodetic measurements and special photogrammetric software are used. In our new approach, a three‐dimensional polyhedral model of an historical building is created from images using Eos System‐s PhotoModeler Scanner software. A comparison of equations for the calculation of the gravitational effect of polyhedral bodies is presented on a simple test model. The methodology of microgravity data processing is demonstrated on a small Slovak church, where two crypts were successfully detected using microgravity and GPR techniques in summer 2009. We have shown that close range photogrammetry methods offer a possibility to improve the microgravity data processing procedure.
An Antibody to the Sixth Ig-like Domain of VCAM-1 Inhibits Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration without Affecting Adhesion
Authors: Lee Sukmook , Yoon Il-Hee , Yoon Aerin , Cook-Mills Joan M. , Park Chung-Gyu , Chung Junho 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
VCAM-1 plays a key role in leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory responses. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this function have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, using phage display technology, we developed a rabbit/human chimeric VCAM-1 Ab, termed VCAM-1 domain 6 (VCAM-1-D6), which specifically recognizes aa 511–599 within the sixth Ig-like domain. We report that the VCAM-1-D6 Ab blocked U937 cell transmigration across activated HUVECs but did not alter adhesion of U937 cells to the HUVECs. We also demonstrate that VCAM-1-D6 does not alter TNF-α–stimulated endothelial cell chemokine or cytokine production. Furthermore, through in vivo efficacy testing using a mouse islet allograft model, we demonstrate that VCAM-1-D6 significantly alleviates allograft rejection by blocking leukocyte infiltration to the grafted islets. Taken together, our results suggest that the VCAM-1-D6 Ab may block VCAM-1–mediated inflammation and could be a useful tool in treating inflammatory diseases.
Immunity to the Conserved Influenza Nucleoprotein Reduces Susceptibility to Secondary Bacterial Infections
Authors: Haynes Laura , Szaba Frank M. , Eaton Sheri M. , Kummer Lawrence W. , Lanthier Paula A. , Petell Ashlee H. , Duso Debra K. , Luo Deyan , Lin Jr-Shiuan , Lefebvre Julie S. , Randall Troy D. , Johnson Lawrence L. , Kohlmeier Jacob E. , Woodland David L. , Smiley Stephen T. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Influenza causes &gt;250,000 deaths annually in the industrialized world, and bacterial infections frequently cause secondary illnesses during influenza outbreaks, including pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. In this study, we demonstrate that cross-reactive immunity to mismatched influenza strains can reduce susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, even though this fails to prevent influenza infection. Specifically, infecting mice with H3N2 influenza before challenging with mismatched H1N1 influenza reduces susceptibility to either Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae or Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccinating mice with the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza also reduces H1N1-induced susceptibility to lethal bacterial infections. Both T cells and Abs contribute to defense against influenza-induced bacterial diseases; influenza cross-reactive T cells reduce viral titers, whereas Abs to nucleoprotein suppress induction of inflammation in the lung. These findings suggest that nonneutralizing influenza vaccines that fail to prevent influenza infection may nevertheless protect the public from secondary bacterial diseases when neutralizing vaccines are not available.
Cinéma et désert
Authors: Lapompe-Paironne Lionel 
Published: October 2012

Les paysages cinématographiques, réels ou imaginaires, peuvent constituer un élément déclencheur de la mobilité touristique, comme tout support visuel. Landes, collines et montagnes de la série Lord of the Rings (Le Seigneur des anneaux), mais aussi déserts de Lawrence of Arabia ou de Star Wars (La Guerre des étoiles), autant de paysages à la fois réels et imaginaires suscitent l’attrait touristique. Les environs de Ouarzazate (Maroc) et de Tataouine (Tunisie) ont servi et servent encore de toile de fond à des productions diverses et variées. Pourtant, si le cadre paysager reste identique, les conséquences sur l’aménagement touristique et sur la fréquentation ne sont pas les mêmes d’un bout à l’autre du Sahara, de même que les motivations des touristes qui se rendent sur ces deux sites. Cette contribution, après avoir traité de la manière dont l’industrie cinématographique a exploité les paysages désertiques du Maroc et de la Tunisie, aborde la question de l’importance différenciée du ciné-tourisme dans les deux espaces considérés. Il s’agit de comprendre, notamment grâce à la théorie des « marqueurs » de MacCannell (1976, r. 1989a), comment le tourisme lié au cinéma s’est développé selon deux modalités différentes, en termes de fréquentation et d’impact spatial, d’un bout à l’autre du Maghreb.
Le ciné-tourisme comme pratique allographique
Authors: Vergopoulos Hécate , Bourgatte Michaël 
Published: October 2012

En partant du constat que la nature des destinations et des expériences touristiques se diversifie, se multiplie et se renouvelle sans cesse (au point que des lieux touristiques en deviennent carrément loufoques et même follement inatteignables), nous avons cherché à savoir de quelle manière le cinéma participe à la qualification ou requalification de certains lieux apparemment banals pour en faire des destinations dignes d’un intérêt touristique.
Cet article montre que les dispositifs de médiation touristique n’hésitent pas à convoquer des films pour transformer des fragments d’espace en sites touristiques, des lieux apparemment anodins en choses à voir. Il met ensuite en évidence la manière dont certains lieux tirent parti de leur inscription dans un récit filmique pour s’assurer une existence touristique par la mise en exposition de traces cinématographiques. Il dévoile enfin que le ciné-tourisme repose sur une écriture de l’autre qui garantit une carrière ciné-touristique à certains lieux mis en scène dans des films.
Cette inscription de la destination touristique dans le film, le maintien de traces dans des lieux ayant servi à des tournages ainsi que les opérations de qualifications de fragments d’espace au titre de sites ciné-touristiques forment ce que nous appelons « une boucle alllographique ». Cette dernière peut être saisie comme une compétence communicationnelle des acteurs du ciné-tourisme : pour mettre les lieux en culture, et plus particulièrement en tourisme, ils doivent savoir composer avec une intertextualité qui se joue entre espaces, objets et discours.
Paris transformé en décor urbain
Authors: Laffont Georges-Henry , Prigent Lionel 
Published: October 2012

Dans un mouvement de plus en plus suivi, de nombreuses agglomérations et régions françaises tendent à développer un secteur économique local consacré au cinéma et, dans le même temps, un tourisme inspiré de ce cinéma. Les lieux les plus représentatifs d’une ville deviennent ainsi des décors et des images diffusés sur grand écran. Paris s’est illustré dans ce phénomène depuis le début du XXe siècle. Cependant, l’exposition ainsi offerte renforce-t-elle l’attractivité touristique ? Ou bien l’industrie du film se saisit-elle des sites emblématiques pour créer l’émotion ? Ces questions symétriques conduisent à analyser les stratégies de développement économique dans un contexte local et à comprendre comment un lieu est utilisé (et mis en valeur) par le cinéma.
L’utilisation du label UNESCO dans la communication touristique
Authors: Florent Luc 
Published: October 2012

Lorsqu’elle a institué la liste du patrimoine mondial, l’UNESCO cherchait avant tout à protéger et valoriser les sites naturels et culturels, biens communs de l’humanité. Si cette fonction reste toujours la préoccupation première, force est de constater que le label « patrimoine mondial de l’humanité » est de plus en plus utilisé comme un argument commercial traduisant la qualité du site. On peut donc se demander comment les touristes perçoivent ce label et comment ils l’utilisent dans le choix de leur destination de séjour touristique. Par un travail d’enquête, nous montrons qu’il est un élément déterminant dans le processus de choix. Nous avons ensuite observé comment les collectivités locales utilisaient ce label dans leur communication Internet et si elles avaient conscience de l’intérêt du public. On constate alors que si certaines peuvent s’en passer, d’autres ont l’impérieuse nécessité de l’utiliser pour augmenter leur attractivité.
Les associations de valorisation du patrimoine ferroviaire dans le Massif central
Authors: Desmichel Pascal 
Published: October 2012

Les associations de valorisation du patrimoine sont systématiquement à l’origine de la remise en circulation de trains sur des lignes abandonnées du réseau français. Sans elles, le tourisme ferroviaire et la préservation de pans entiers du patrimoine ferroviaire n’existeraient pas. Ces structures pionnières sont pourtant particulièrement fragiles. Elles reposent sur la volonté et les compétences d’un ou quelques hommes seulement. Cette situation est d’autant plus préoccupante que les conditions d’exploitation d’un chemin de fer touristique sont de plus en plus complexes et que les enjeux à relever au XXIe siècle paraissent dans bien des cas hors d’atteinte pour la sphère associative, tant pour des raisons économiques (remettre en état des ouvrages d’art monumentaux) que culturelles (accepter les règles de la professionnalisation, prendre en compte l’ensemble du patrimoine ferroviaire). Cet article a pour objectif de démontrer à travers cinq cas d’études développés dans le Massif central combien l’avenir du tourisme ferroviaire associatif semble compromis.
De l’importance des dépenses des spectateurs étrangers dans l’impact touristique des grands événements sportifs
Authors: Barget Eric , Gouguet Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2012

De nombreuses études d’impact économique ont été commanditées afin de vérifier que les grands événements sportifs peuvent influer sur le niveau d’activité économique du territoire hôte. L’attraction de nombreux touristes est le plus souvent placée au centre de l’analyse. Néanmoins, ces travaux font toujours l’objet de multiples controverses. En effet, de redoutables problèmes méthodologiques se posent pour effectuer un tel calcul, et les résultats doivent être interprétés avec beaucoup de précautions. Nous avons essayé d’éviter les principaux biais liés au calcul d’impact pour élaborer une évaluation la plus fiable possible d’un méga-événement sportif. En utilisant la théorie de la base et en collectant une information de qualité sur le terrain, nous nous sommes efforcés d’éviter les erreurs les plus communes.Nous avons choisi la Coupe du monde de rugby 2007, en France, pour illustrer ce débat. Les spectateurs étrangers sont à l’origine de l’essentiel du montant de l’impact économique sur les régions françaises, avec de grandes différences selon leurs nationalités et leurs profils sociodémographiques. Il apparaît ainsi que l’impact régional de la manifestation est d’autant plus fort que les parties accueillies ont attiré beaucoup de spectateurs étrangers, dotés d’un haut niveau de revenus et de dépenses. Des enseignements peuvent être tirés d’un tel résultat pour les organisateurs qui veulent accueillir un grand événement sportif.
Eliciting Empathy for Adults in Chronic Pain through Autobiographical Memory Sharing
Authors: Bluck Susan , Baron Jacqueline M. , Ainsworth Sarah A. , Gesselman Amanda N. , Gold Kim L. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTwo studies (N = 80; N = 91) investigated whether sharing an autobiographical memory increases empathy for a person experiencing chronic pain. Across studies, empathy was assessed after reading a pain‐related narrative of either a 25‐ or 85‐year‐old target and again after assignment to one of two recall conditions. Conditions involved recalling a pain‐related autobiographical memory (Studies 1 and 2), or as comparisons, recalling the target's pain narrative (Study 1) or recalling a character in pain from a movie (Study 2). Looking across both studies, empathy levels appear to increase after sharing an autobiographical memory but not in the comparison conditions. Increases in empathy were related to trait‐level agreeableness. When target‐age differences emerged (Study 2), participants felt greater empathy for the older person. Findings are discussed in terms of the function of autobiographical memory in eliciting pro‐social emotions such as empathy and implications for training empathic responding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of 1D Hierarchical Structures Composed of Ni3S2 Nanosheets on CNTs Backbone for Supercapacitors and Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Zhu Ting , Wu Hao Bin , Wang Yabo , Xu Rong , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) hierarchical structures composed of Ni3S2 nanosheets grown on carbon nanotube (CNT) backbone (denoted as CNT@Ni3S2) are fabricated by a rational multi‐step transformation route. The first step involves coating the CNT backbone with a layer of silica to form CNT@SiO2, which serves as the substrate for the growth of nickel silicate (NiSilicate) nanosheets in the second step to form CNT@SiO2@NiSilicate core‐double shell 1D structures. Finally the as‐formed CNT@SiO2@NiSilicate 1D structures are converted into CNT‐supported Ni3S2 nanosheets via hydrothermal treatment in the presence of Na2S. Simultaneously the intermediate silica layer is eliminated during the hydrothermal treatment, leading to the formation of CNT@Ni3S2 nanostructures. Because of the unique hybrid nano‐architecture, the as‐prepared 1D hierarchical structure is shown to exhibit excellent performance in both supercapacitors and photocatalytic H2 production.
The roots of cancer: Stem cells and the basis for tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Shibata Maho , Shen Michael M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecent studies of prostate cancer and other tumor types have revealed significant support, as well as unexpected complexities, for the application of concepts from normal stem cell biology to cancer. In particular, the cell of origin and cancer stem cell models have been proposed to explain the heterogeneity of tumors during the initiation, propagation, and evolution of cancer. Thus, a basis of intertumor heterogeneity has emerged from studies investigating whether stem cells and/or non‐stem cells can serve as cells of origin for cancer and give rise to tumor subtypes that vary in disease outcome. Furthermore, analyses of putative cancer stem cells have revealed the genetically diverse nature of cancers and expanded our understanding of intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Overall, the principles that have emerged from these stem cell studies highlight the challenges to be surmounted to develop effective treatment strategies for cancer.
Isolated CNS Whipple disease with normal brain MRI and false‐positive CSF 14‐3‐3 protein: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sung Victor W. , Lyerly Michael J. , Fallon Kenneth B. , Bashir Khurram 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhipple disease (WD) is usually a systemic infectious disease that can have central nervous system (CNS) involvement. WD confined to the CNS is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose, but can be fatal if not treated in a timely fashion. We present the case of a 42‐year‐old man with a subacute dementia accompanied by a movement disorder consisting of progressive supranuclear gaze palsy, myoclonus, and ataxia. Our patient lacked the typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings reported with isolated CNS WD and had a false‐positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14‐3‐3 protein. The patient expired, and definitive diagnosis of isolated CNS WD was made by autopsy with characteristic macrophage accumulations found in the brain but not in the gastrointestinal tract. We examine the literature on isolated CNS WD and discuss how these previously unreported findings make a rare diagnosis even more challenging. The reported patient is the first in the literature with tissue diagnosis of isolated CNS WD in the setting of normal brain MRI and positive CSF 14‐3‐3 protein. Isolated CNS WD should be added to the list of considerations for a false‐positive CSF 14‐3‐3 protein. Even in the absence of typical MRI lesions, a patient with subacute progressive dementia, supranuclear gaze palsy, and other various neurologic abnormalities should have the diagnosis of isolated CNS WD considered.