bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Newly Established Mouse Strain MPS to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Sasaki Yuko , Ogura Atuo , Nakayama Kazue , Noguchi Yoko , Matsuno Kumiko , Saito Manabu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA newly established mouse strain, MPS, which is more sensitive to Mycoplasma pulmonis than ICR, ddY and other mouse strains was examined for its susceptibility to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In experimental infections with M. pneumoniae, it was observed that M. pneumoniae attached to tracheas of MPS mice, and M. pneumoniae cells were isolated from tracheas and lungs of MPS mice even after four weeks of infection, while no mycoplasmas were isolated from ICR and ddY mice after one week of infection. Specific antibodies against M. pneumoniae were also observed by the Western blotting in the sera of MPS mice infected with M. pneumoniae. Although any lung lesion could not be observed in this work, this newly established mouse strain MPS may be useful for experiments of M. pneumoniae infection, especially for the analysis of strain differences in susceptibility to M. pneumoniae infection.
Analysis of the tdh Gene Cloned from a tdh Gene‐ and trh Gene‐Positive Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Baba Kiyoshi , Shirai Hiromasa , Terai Akito , Takeda Yoshifumi , Nishibuchi Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA variant of the gene (tdh) encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) was cloned from the chromosome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ3860, which gave positive results in the hybridization tests with the tdh gene probe and the trh (tdh‐related hemolysin) gene probe and showed a low level of reaction in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for TDH. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned gene (tdh5) provided no evidence that tdh5 is evolutionally closer to the trh gene than the other tdh genes. The tdh5 gene was flanked by 40 base‐pair sequences constituting perfect inverted repeats, which may suggest association of the tdh5 gene with insertion sequence‐like structure. These results suggest that the tdh5 gene and the trh gene were not originally produced by gene duplication in AQ3860 but rather that one of the two genes moved into AQ3860 from an external source.
Rapid Method for Isolation and Staining of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Al‐Hendy Ayman , Toivanen Paavo , Skurnik Mikael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClassically bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purification and silver staining take several days. We designed a simple and fast method for LPS isolation which when combined with silver staining using Pharmacia PhastSystem™ both can be completed in few hours. The purity of LPS isolated by this simple method may not be comparable to that by the phenol‐water method hence we recommend this rapid isolation and staining procedures for simple and fast study of LPS patterns in gels.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Soluble Hemagglutinin from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Takumi Kenji , Koga Tetsuro , Oka Tatsuzo , Takeoka Aya , Tsubokura Misao , Sheng Yao Jian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA soluble hemagglutinin (HA) produced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain Inoue, serotype 5b, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sepharose CL‐6B and high performance liquid chromatography on a DEAE‐5PW anion‐exchange column. The purified HA was a 14.5 kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 4.5. Amino acid analysis indicated that the HA consisted of 133 residues, corresponding to the molecular weight of 14,100. The amino acid sequence of N‐terminal 38 amino acid residues showed no homology with that of several fimbrial proteins from Escherichia coli.
Preventive Effects of a Chinese Herb Medicine (Sho‐saiko‐to) against Lethality after Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Administration in Mice
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Tutumi Eiji , Yokota Katushi , Furusawa Shinobu , Sasaki Ken‐ichi , Takayanagi Yoshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe observed the effects of a Chinese herb medicine Sho‐saiko‐to on the lethal and antitumor activities of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) administered in mice. Sho‐saiko‐to was noted to protect the rhTNF‐induced lethality in galactosamine‐hypersensitized mice, and also Sho‐saiko‐to pretreated mice was protected against the decrease of rectal temperature after rhTNF administration. On the other hand, there was a remarkable enhancement of antitumor activity of rhTNF by Sho‐saiko‐to pretreatment. These results suggest that Sho‐saiko‐to drug may protect mice from severe shock syndrome induced by rhTNF.
Formation of Vesiculated Large Bodies of Staphylococcus aureus L‐Form in a Liquid Medium
Authors: Yabu Kunihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA method is described in which cells of Staphylococcus aureus can be converted to vesiculated large bodies of L‐form. When coccal cells were incubated in a liquid growth medium containing D‐cycloserine, N‐acetylmuramidase and subtilisin, a large number of vesiculated large bodies were formed. Electron microscopy revealed that development of internal vesicles arose after 6 hr of incubation. When growth inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, novobiocin, or chloramphenicol were added to the culture at 6 hr of incubation, small‐sized nonvesiculated bodies were produced instead of vesiculated forms. The viability of cultures was reduced by rifampicin and novobiocin but not by chloramphenicol.
Expression of Clumping and Fibrinogen‐Binding Activities of Staphylococcus aureus at Various Growth Stages
Authors: Yonemasu Kunio , Sasaki Takako , Ohmae Riichi , Kashiba Syuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClumping and fibrinogen‐binding activities of 4 Staphylococcus aureus strains (Cowan I, Newman D2C, Wood 46 and NCTC 5655) were assayed with a semiquantitative clumping test and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Distinct positive clumping was detected with whole cells of the 3 strains except Wood 46. Amounts of fibrinogen required for a definite clumping depended greatly on strains as well as on their growth phases. On the other hand, fibrinogen‐binding activities were detected both in culture supernatants and in cell lysates of all the 4 strains, and the levels were rather comparable with one another and relatively steady through their growth cycles. No significant correlation was thus found among expression behavior of clumping and fibrinogen‐binding activities.
Characterization of Antibody Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Patients with Wound Infections
Authors: Trafny Elzbieta Anna , Grzybowski Jacek , Patzer Jan , Popiel Danuta , Wrembel‐Wargocka Jolanta , Dzierzanowska Danuta , Zawistowska‐Marciniak Irena , Kobus Kazimierz 
Published: November 2013

AbstractELISA was used to measure the amount and avidity of IgG antibodies to exotoxin A (ExA) and 7 Fisher's immunotypes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the sera of 13 patients with mild or moderate Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Changes in the specificity of tested sera during the course of infection were demonstrated. A statistically significant increase was seen in the amount and avidity of the antibodies to ExA in a majority of the sera, and an increase was seen in amount of antibodies to LPS immunotype 4 in the sera of patients with moderate infections.
Factors Influencing the in vitro Growth of Mycobacterium leprae: Effect of Oxygen
Authors: Dhople Arvind Madhav , Lamoureux Laurie Christine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn our efforts to evaluate factors responsible for in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae in DH medium and also to improve the system, effects of oxygen tension on in vitro growth of M. leprae were determined. This was achieved by varying the ratio between DH medium and free air space above the medium in the culture tubes. Growth‐competent M. phlei (ATCC 11758) could tolerate all the oxygen it can get in the medium. On the other hand, M. leprae seemed to be of microaerophilic nature. In vivo‐grown M. leprae cells were more sensitive than their counterparts that were adapted to in vitro environment. In vivo‐grown cells grew better when 70oo of the space in culture tube was occupied by DH medium. These in vitro‐adapted cells gave optimum growth in subcultures when the air spaces in the culture tubes were 40–50oo. The role of oxygen tensions in the development of lesions in leprosy patients and armadillos has been discussed.
Intratypic Variations in Neutralizable Epitopes among Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Isolates
Authors: Bhattarakosol Parvapan , Yoosook Chalobon , Matangkasombut Pornchai 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntratypic variation among 94 isolates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) was investigated using 4 different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). By neutralization test, these MAbs appeared to be directed to at least 2 distinct epitopes on the viral glycoprotein D (gD), i.e., 6G6.G9 and 6E8.F11 which did not require complement (C MAb) and gD‐105 and gD‐110 whose neutralizing activities could be enhanced by complement (C+MAb). The C−MAb pairs each separately could detect significant intratypic variations among the isolates. Whether these variations also existed in the gD epitope(s) recognized by C+MAbs remains to be elucidated. The results suggested that intratypic variation occurred on at least one of the neutralizable (thus related to protective immunity) epitopes on gD of HSV‐2.
Cloning and Expression of cDNAs from Enterically‐Transmitted Non‐A, Non‐B Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Ichikawa Munetaka , Araki Masatake , Rikihisa Tetsuji , Uchida Toshikazu , Shikata Toshio , Mizuno Kyosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe fragment gene of enterically‐transmitted non‐A, non‐B hepatitis virus (ET‐NANBHV) was cloned as a cDNA and inserted into an expression vector pUEX2. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli HB101 as a fusion protein with β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal). The fusion protein reacted with the sera of infected cynomolgus monkeys and of patients from Myanmar. This reaction was highly related with ET‐NANBHV infection, and obviously demonstrates in that the recombinant protein can be used for the detection of ET‐NANBHV infection.
Stimulation of Phagocytic Processes and Antibody‐Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity of Human Neutrophils by Cefmetazole
Authors: Rodriguez Ana Beatriz , Barriga Carmen , de la Fuente Monica 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInteractions between antimicrobial agents and phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils, have a potential role in the treatment of infections. The in vitro effects of cefmetazole, a novel β‐lactarn antibiotic, at a therapeutic concentration reached in plasma (50 μg/ml) on phagocytic and cytotoxic functions of human neutrophils have been studied. In human neutrophils, adherence capacity to nylon fiber and to substrate, chemotaxis, attachment to and ingestion of Candida albicans (with serum, with decomplemented serum and without serum), ingestion of inert particles (latex beads), candidicidal activity and superoxide anion production were all stimulated by cefmetazole. Cefmetazole at this dose was a chemotactic agent for neutrophils. Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was also increased by this antimicrobial agent.
Lysis of Murine Macrophages by Lymphokine‐Activated Killer‐Like Cells Induced by BCG in vitro
Authors: Chen Ming‐feng , Suzuki Hidehiko , Yano Saburo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK)‐like activity was found to be induced in mouse splenocytes cultured together with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG). The killer cells induced by BCG were capable of killing both NK‐sensitive (YAC‐1, P388D1) and NK‐resistant (P815) tumor cells. As an important finding, they also lysed syngeneic macrophages (Mφ). The anti‐Mφ killer activity appeared on day 2, and reached a peak on day 5 of culture. Phenotype analysis of the killer cells by depletion techniques using monoclonal antibody (mAb) and complement indicated that the majority of these anti‐Mφ killer cells were Thy‐1+ and asiolo GM1 +. This Mφ cytolysis could be inhibited by the addition of cold Mφ, YAC‐1 tumor cells, and P815 tumor cells, suggesting that the same population of the effector cells recognize Mφ and tumor cells. The addition of anti‐MHC class I, anti‐MHC class II, anti‐L3T4, or anti‐Ly‐2 mAb directly to assay cultures did not affect anti‐Mφ cytolysis, suggesting that the MHC molecules are not involved in the cytolysis of Mφ by the BCG‐induced killer cells. The addition of anti‐LFA‐1 mAb partially inhibited the cytotoxicity, suggesting importance of the contact between targets and effectors in the cytolysis. Our present data suggest that activation of murine lymphocytes with BCG induces LAK‐like cells capable of killing a wide variety of tumor cells as well as Mφ and this anti‐Mφ cytolysis is mediated by nonspecific killer cells.
An Indirect Microhemagglutination Test for Lyme Disease
Authors: Fujita Hiromi , Sato Tadashi , Ohara Yoshiro , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have developed an indirect microhemagglutination test (IMHA) for detecting antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi using formalin‐fixed chicken erythrocytes sensitized with a sonicated extract of the bacteria. The specificity of IMHA for Lyme disease was compared with that of a conventional indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IP) using sera from the patients with syphilis, randomly‐chosen outpatients unrelated to Lyme disease, and from normal individuals. The IMHA was more specific than IP, giving little cross‐reaction with syphilis. The IMHA also gave little background reactions with the sera of individuals unrelated to Lyme disease or syphilis. Therefore, the IMHA could be a useful test for the serodiagnosis of Lyme disease.
Nucleosomal Structure of Marek's Disease Virus Genome in Transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines, MDCC‐MSB1 and MDCC‐RP1
Authors: Hayashi Masanobu , Nakamura Kazuyo , Isogai Emiko , Namioka Shigeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe latent MDV (Marek's disease virus) genomes are folded into nucleosomal structures in both virus‐productive and ‐nonproductive lymphoblastoid cell lines, MDCC‐MSB1 (MSB‐1) and ‐RP1 (RP‐1), respectively. There was no difference between transcriptionally active and inactive regions of MDV genome with regard to nucleosomal patterns. In order to investigate whether nucleosomal structure is correlated with the repression of the transcription of MDV genome in lymphoblastoid cells, we examined the DNasel sensitivity of nucleosomal MDV DNA in lymphoblastoid cell lines, MSB‐1 and RP‐1. No difference in the DNasel sensitivity between transcriptionally active and inactive MDV DNA regions in lymphoblastoid cells was observed.
Relative Ability of Distinct Isotypes of Human Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules in Binding Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A
Authors: Saito Shinji , Imanishi Ken'ichi , Araake Minako , Yan Xiao Jie , Igarashi Hideo , Uchiyama Takehiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRelative ability of distinct isotypes of human major histocompatibility complex class II molecules to bind staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was investigated. SEA‐binding was observed in L cells transfected with DR2 and DQw1 genes. By contrast, it was not detected in L cells transfected with DPw4 and DP (Cp63) genes. All the transfectants supported SEA‐induced IL‐2 production by human T cells. Levels of the accessory activity were low in the DPw4 and DP (Cp63) transfectants compared with the DR2 and DQw1 transfectants. In view of the observation that all the transfectants express well the transfected gene products on their surface, the results indicate that DR and DQ molecules bind SEA with high affinity, while DP molecules bind it with fairly low affinity.
Susceptibility of a Herpes Simplex Virus Ribonucleotide Reductase Null Mutant to Deoxyribonucleosides and Antiviral Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Yamada Yoshinari , Yamamoto Naohiko , Daikoku Tohru , Nishiyama Yukihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase (RR) null mutant, ICP6 Δ, exhibited hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea, and to the precursors of allosteric inhibitors of cellular RR. The mutant was also much more sensitive than the parental KOS to all of antiviral nucleoside analogs tested, including acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (DHPG) and BVaralJ. Our data indicate that cellular RR is essential for the growth of ICP6 Δ, and suggest that inhibitors of viral RR could act as potentiators of all of anti‐herpetic nucleoside analogs whose targets are viral DNA polymerase.
Serologic Survey of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiosis on Hainan Island of China
Authors: Hui‐Min Feng , Tian‐Sheng Chen , Bi‐Hu Lin , Yin‐Zi Lin , Peng‐Fei Wang , Qun‐Hao Su , Hai‐Bo Xia , Kumano Keiko , Uchida Takahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA serosurvey for antibodies to Rickettsia japonica was conducted on Hainan Island of China. Serum specimens were collected from 1,030 outpatients at hospitals in different parts of the island regardless of their diagnosis. Only two among 538 serum specimens collected in Baoting and Tongshi counties, located in the southern part of the island, were demonstrated to contain antibodies reactive with R. japonica at a high dilution. The specimens also reacted with R. rickettsii at the same titer as with R. japonica. These two specimens reacted with other pathogenic spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae to a lesser extent. On the other hand, the specimens were shown to possess antibodies reactive with R. typhi at a significantly lower dilution or were not reactive at all. The findings suggested the occurrence of an SFG rickettsiosis on Hainan Island. More than half of the serum specimens collected from patients with suspected rickettsial infections in the southern area were found to contain IgM and IgG antibodies to R. typhi, indicating a high incidence of murine typhus.
Serological Survey for Lyme Disease in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Isogai Emiko , Isogai Hiroshi , Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Yanagihara Yasutake , Sato Nanao , Hayashi Shunji , Maki Toshiyuki , Mori Mamoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeventy‐six wild sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) from areas endemic for Borrelia burgdorferi during 1988 to 1989 had the IgG antibody to the bacteria in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of seropositive deer was 25.0% to strain HO14 and 22.4% to strain HP3, respectively. Specific IgG antibody titers were high in summer but low in winter. In summer, seropositive deer were 75.0%. Similar results were obtained in serum specimens obtained monthly from 4 farmed deer. It was suggested that the sika deer could be one of the wild reservoirs for B. burgdorferi in Hokkaido, Japan. The transmission risk of B. burgdorferi is considered to be greatest during late spring to early summer.
An Aberrant Hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae Non‐O1
Authors: Iwanaga Masaaki , Ichinose Yoshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn aberrant hemolysin produced by a Vibrio cholerae non‐O1 strain N037 (N037‐hly) was purified and characterized. N037‐Hly was antigenically very similar to E1 Tor hemolysin but differed in molecular weight (48,000 vs. 60,000), interaction with glucose, and hemolytic activity. Of 100 V. cholerae non‐O1 strains other than the N037 strain examined, none produced this aberrant hemolysin. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of N037‐hly was highly homologous to that of E1 Tor hemolysin.
Sensitive Detection of Viral Antigens with a New Method, “Laser Magnet Immunoassay”
Authors: Mizutani Hiroko , Suzuki Miwako , Mizutani Hiromichi , Fujiwara Koichi , Shibata Shuichi , Arishima Koichi , Hoshino Mitsutoshi , Ushijima Hiroshi , Honma Hitoshi , Kitamura Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new method, “laser magnet immunoassay” (LMIA), has been developed for sensitive detection of viral antigens. Target viruses captured on microbeads were made to react with antibodies labeled with magnetite particles. In a magnetic field, magnetically labeled antigens dispersed in water were attracted to and concentrated at one point on the surface, resulting in the lifting up of a small surface area. A laser beam which was incident on the point reflected, making an interference fringe. The intensity of the fringe indicates the amount of the magnetite conjugated with antigen. A very low concentration of antigens, such as 5 particles of influenza virus and 0.1 pg/ml of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen in human serum, could be detected by this method. Application of this method to diagnoses of viral diseases in early stages is discussed.
B‐B Cell Interactions in the Spontaneous Activation of B Cells in Autoimmune NZB Mice
Authors: Saito Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya , Ota Toshiyuki , Eto Sumiya , Yamashita Uki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe analyzed the mechanism of spontaneous B cell activation in lupus mice by using anticlass‐II antibody in vitro. The in vitro culture of B cells from old NZB mice markedly produced Ig without any stimulation, while B cells from NZW mice did not. The addition of anticlass‐II antibody (anti‐Iad antibody) to the culture inhibited Ig production of NZB B cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. On the other hand, the addition of anticlass‐I antibody (anti‐H‐2Dd antibody) and anticlass‐II antibody with different specificity (anti‐Iak) gave no effect on the Ig production of NZB B cells. When mitomycin C‐treated B cells were added to in vitro culture of responder B cells as a stimulator, Ig production of responder B cells was enhanced in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, the enhancing effect of the stimulator B cells was abrogated by the pretreatment with anticlass‐II antibody. The stimulator B‐cell activity to NZB B cells was marked in NZB B cells, moderate in NZB/W F1 B cells, and weak in NZW B cells. Furthermore, the stimulator B‐cell activity with regard to NZB B cells was marked in old female NZB B cells, moderate in old male NZB B cells, and weak in young NZB B cells. The expression of class II antigens on the surface of old female NZB B cells was significantly higher than that of old male NZB and young NZB B cells. These results suggest that in lupus mice the spontaneous B‐cell activation is induced by an abnormal B‐B cell interaction mediated by class II antigens.
Comparison of Immunochemical Specificities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10 and O12 Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Ogawa Setsuko , Koshikawa Tomihiko , Kawahara Atsumi , Watabe Kazuhito , Torii Mitsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe monoclonal antibodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus O10 and O12 antigens (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) were prepared and specificities of the antibodies were examined. Five of six anti‐O10 antibodies reacted with O10 antigen, but none of them reacted with O12 antigen. On the contrary all of the five anti‐O12 antibodies reacted with O10 antigen as well as homologous O12 antigen. O10 and O12 antigens were subjected to alkali treatment or periodate oxidation, and reactivities of these chemically modified preparations with the monoclonal antibodies were examined. Reactivities of O10 with anti‐O10 and anti‐O12 antibodies were reduced by the above two chemical treatments, but that of O12 with anti‐O12 was not. O‐Deacetylation of O10 LPS by the alkaline treatment was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. These results suggest contributions to O10‐specificity of O‐acetyl group and periodate sensitive sugar residue. Inhibition experiments of O10 and O12 homologous precipitations were also carried out with various sugars. From the results we concluded that O10 and O12 antigenic determinants were distinct entities, although O10 and O12 antigens have been reported to be similar and cross‐reactive.