bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a permeable exponentially shrinking surface with convective boundary condition using Buongiorno’s model
Authors: Rahman M.M. , Rosca Alin V. , Pop I. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to numerically solve the problem of steady boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a permeable exponentially shrinking surface with convective surface condition. The Buongiorno’s mathematical nanofluid model has been used.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using appropriate similarity transformations, the basic partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. These equations have been solved numerically for different values of the governing parameters, stretching/shrinking parameter λ, suction parameter s, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Biot number, the Brownian motion parameter Nb and the thermophoresis parameter Nt, using the bvp4c function from Matlab. The effects of these parameters on the reduced skin friction coefficient, heat transfer from the surface of the sheet, Sherwood number, dimensionless velocity, and temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction distributions are presented in tables and graphs, and are in details discussed.

Findings
– Numerical results are obtained for the reduced skin-friction, heat transfer and for the velocity and temperature profiles. The results indicate that dual solutions exist for the shrinking case (λ<0). A stability analysis has been performed to show that the upper branch solutions are stable and physically realizable, while the lower branch solutions are not stable and, therefore, not physically possible. In addition, it is shown that for a regular fluid (Nb=Nt=0) a very good agreement exists between the present numerical results and those reported in the open literature.

Research limitations/implications
– The problem is formulated for an incompressible nanofluid with no chemical reactions, dilute mixture, negligible viscous dissipation, negligible radiative heat transfer and a new boundary condition is imposed on nanoparticles and base fluid locally in thermal equilibrium. The analysis reveals that the boundary layer separates from the plate. Beyond the turning point it is not possible to get the solution based on the boundary-layer approximations. To obtain further solutions, the full basic partial differential equations have to be solved.

Originality/value
– The present results are original and new for the boundary-layer flow and heat transfer past a shrinking sheet in a nanofluid. Therefore, this study would be important for the researchers working in the relatively new area of nanofluids in order to become familiar with the flow behavior and properties of such nanofluids. The results show that in the presence of suction the dual solutions may exist for the flow of a nanofluid over an exponentially shrinking as well as stretching surface.
Was it worth it? An empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy
Authors: Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of factors associated with over-education among PhD graduates in Italy.Design/methodology/approach– The investigation is based on recently released data collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics by means of interviews with a large sample of PhD recipients, carried out a few years after they obtained their PhD degree. The author measured the mismatch between the current job and previous PhD studies using two direct subjective evaluations of over-education, which distinguish between the usefulness of the PhD title to get the current job position and to perform the current work activities. Even if the incidence of over-education varies according to the measurement applied, the author found that it is highly widespread among PhD recipients. The econometric analyses are aimed at identifying factors associated with over-education and are based on the standard probit model and the bivariate probit model with sample selection which allows to control for self selection into employment.Findings– The results show that over-education is significantly correlated with: first, a number of PhD-related variables, such as the scientific field of study, having attended courses or visiting periods abroad; second, some job-related characteristics, such as working in the academia or being mainly involved in research-related activities; third, the channel of access to the job; and fourth, residential location.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the literature focusing on job-education mismatch by providing, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy; moreover, it provides some useful insights to evaluate the professional doctoral graduates in Italy.
α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Fatty Acids Purified from the Internal Organ of Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicas
Authors: Nguyen T. H. , Kim S. M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstractα‐Glucosidase inhibitory activities of the various solvent fractions (n‐hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc, BuOH, and water) of sea cucumber internal organ were investigated. 1,3‐Dipalmitolein (1) and cis‐9‐octadecenoic acid (2) with potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity were purified from the n‐hexane fraction of sea cucumber internal organ. IC50 values of compounds 1 and 2 were 4.45 and 14.87 μM against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α‐glucosidase. These compounds mildly inhibited rat‐intestinal α‐glucosidase. In addition, both compounds showed a mixed competitive inhibition against S. cerevisiae α‐glucosidase and were very stable at pH 2 up to 60 min. The KI values of compounds 1 and 2 were 0.48 and 1.24 μM, respectively. Therefore, the internal organ of sea cucumber might be a potential new source of α‐glucosidase inhibitors suitably used for prevention of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
The growth effects of tax rates in the OECD
Authors: Gemmell Norman , Kneller Richard , Sanz Ismael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the merits of macro‐ and micro‐based tax rate measures within an open economy “fiscal policy and growth” model. Using annual data for 15 OECD countries we find statistically small, non‐robust long‐run growth effects of macro‐based average tax rates on capital income and consumption, but some evidence for average labour income tax effects. Changes in “micro” marginal income tax rates at both the personal and corporate levels yield statistically robust GDP responses of modest size. Both domesticandforeign corporate taxes appear relevant. In general, tax effects on GDP operate largely via factor productivity rather than factor accumulation.
Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation
Authors: Gelcich Stefan , Donlan C. Josh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTerritorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small‐scale fisheries. Using Chile as a case study, we designed a market‐based program aimed at improving fishers’ livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no‐take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes. Building on explicit enabling conditions (i.e., high levels of governance, participation, and empowerment), we used a place‐based, human‐centered approach to design a program that will have the necessary support and buy‐in from local fishers to result in landscape‐scale biodiversity benefits. Transactional infrastructure must be complex enough to capture the biodiversity benefits being created, but simple enough so that the program can be scaled up and is attractive to potential financiers. Biodiversity benefits created must be commoditized, and desired behavioral changes must be verified within a transactional context. Demand must be generated for fisher‐created biodiversity benefits in order to attract financing and to scale the market model. Important design decisions around these 3 components—supply, transactional infrastructure, and demand—must be made based on local social‐ecological conditions. Our market model, which is being piloted in Chile, is a flexible foundation on which to base scalable opportunities to operationalize a scheme that incentivizes local, verifiable biodiversity benefits via conservation behaviors by fishers that could likely result in significant marine conservation gains and novel cross‐sector alliances.Incentivar la Conservación de la Biodiversidad con Comunidades de Pesca Artesanal por medio de Derechos de Uso Territorial y la Innovación de Modelos de Negocio
Should the EU Protect Democracy and the Rule of Law inside Member States?
Authors: Müller Jan‐Werner 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAgainst the background of recent developments in Hungary, the article discusses the question whether the European Union ought to play a role in protecting liberal democracy in Member States. First, it is argued that the EU has the authority to do so, both in a broad normative sense and in a narrower legal sense (though the latter is more likely to be disputed). The article then asks whether the EU has the capacity to establish a supranational militant democracy; here it is argued that at the moment both appropriate legal instruments and plausible political strategies are missing. To remedy this situation, the article proposes a new democracy watchdog, analogous to, but more powerful than, the Venice Commission. Finally, it is asked whether EU interventions would provoke a nationalist backlash. There is insufficient evidence to decide this question, but the danger of such a backlash probably tend to be overestimated.
Habitat requirements of the violet click beetle (Limoniscus violaceus), an endangered umbrella species of basal hollow trees
Authors: Gouix Nicolas , Sebek Pavel , Valladares Lionel , Brustel Hervé , Brin Antoine 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Organisms associated with dead wood (i.e. saproxylic species) are threatened by intensified forest and agricultural management. For a majority of saproxylic beetles the detailed information on their habitat requirements is still lacking, thus hindering efficient conservation information. This also applies to the violet click beetle (Limoniscus violaceus), one of the umbrella species of European saproxylic beetle fauna. This specie needs basal tree hollows for its larval development.

We studied habitat preferences of L. violaceus in basal tree hollows using emergence traps installed on 208 trees located in five sites in France. We used logistic regressions and recursive partitioning methods to understand the species–habitat relationships and to identify key environmental variables to predict the occurrence of L. violaceus.

The probability of occurrence of L. violaceus in basal hollows increases with increased tree circumference at 30 cm above ground and with increased hollow decay stage. The analysis of threshold values shows that the occurrence of the beetle is relatively high in trees that have a circumference greater than 360 cm, uncertain for those between 235 and 360 cm, and improbable for circumferences lower than 235 cm. Similarly, the occurrence of L. violaceus was probable in advanced stages of hollow decomposition and improbable in early stages.

Our results provide non‐specialists with helpful habitat features of an umbrella species which is hard to detect. This will increase the ability of conservation managers to identify sites that deserve protection and better monitor the habitat of many saproxylic species associated with basal hollow trees.
Does the BRAFV600E mutation herald a new treatment era for Erdheim–Chester disease? A case‐based review of a rare and difficult to diagnose disorder
Authors: Bosco J. , Allende A. , Varikatt W. , Lee R. , Stewart G. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractErdheim–Chester disease is a multi‐system histiocyte disorder characterised by histological xanthogranulomatous inflammation. We report a 67‐year‐old man who had fatal multi‐systemic Erdheim–Chester disease involvement, including retroperitoneal fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy and bone pain that was diagnosed late in its course and was refractory to interferon‐alfa. A pathogenic BRAFV600E mutation, identified after death in this patient, provides insights into pathogenesis and opens potential lines of treatment.
Pectinase Immobilization on a Chitosan‐Coated Chitin Support
Authors: Ramirez Hector L. , Gómez Brizuela Leissy , Úbeda Iranzo Juan , Arevalo‐Villena María , Briones Pérez Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPectinase extracted from Aspergillus niger was immobilized on a chitosan‐coated chitin support using various methods: immobilization by adsorption (P‐QQSA), adsorption on supports activated by 0.5 and 15% glutaraldehyde (w/v) (P‐QQSA 0.5 and P‐QQSA 15) and covalent attachment to this support using 1% glutaraldehyde (P‐QQSA 1). The optimum conditions selected for immobilization were pH 4.5, incubation time of 4 h and protein concentration of 340 μg/mL. Various characteristics of the immobilized pectinase such as optimum pH, heat stability and reusability were evaluated. As a result of immobilization the enzyme's T50 increased, the best being achieved with immobilization using 15% glutaraldehyde and covalent attachment. The optimum pH of the free and immobilized enzymes were 5 (free), 4.5 (P‐QQSA), 4.5–5.0 (P‐QQSA 0.5) and 4–5 (P‐QSA 1 and P‐QQSA 15), respectively. The biocatalysts prepared retained 100% of their original catalytic activity after nine cycles of reuse.Practical ApplicationsPectinases hydrolyze pectin and/or pectic acid. These enzymes have widespread applications in the food industry (processing of fruits), wastewater treatment, textile industries, fruit softening and plant infection processes. The stability of these enzymes depends on the aqueous medium and is easily disrupted to the point where the enzymes cannot function appropriately. Immobilization techniques provide a promising approach to retain their stability. Various methods for immobilization of this enzyme have been described: entrapping in alginate, physical adsorption on anion resin, γ‐alumina, particles and nanoparticles of silica and covalent attachment to carriers such as porous glass and nylon. However, the development of new methods and supports for immobilizing enzymes is of special importance in enzyme technology. The present article describes several methods for immobilization of pectinase in chitosan‐coated chitin for use in the juice and wine industries.
Effects of Drying Methods on the Aroma Components and Quality of Capsella Bursa‐Pastoris L
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Tengfei , Xue Yanjun , Liu Chen , Ru Hua , Dong Minghui , Yu Zhifang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCapsella bursa‐pastoris L. (C. bursa‐pastoris) was treated by hot air drying, microwave drying, vacuum drying and freeze‐drying, respectively, to analyze the influences on aroma components using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The results showed that the freeze‐dried product enjoyed significantly alleviated color changes, short rehydration time, high rehydration ratio and retention rates of chlorophyll and vitamin C. Vacuum drying functioned inferior to freeze‐drying but superior to hot air drying and microwave drying. As for aroma components, both vacuum drying and freeze‐drying managed to preserve the characteristic aroma components in C. bursa‐pastoris. In summary, vacuum drying and freeze‐drying retained the color, texture, morphology as well as grass and leaf aromas of C. bursa‐pastoris in maximum, but the former method, which lasts a shorter time and consumes less energy, should be given first priority in large‐scale industrial practice.Practical ApplicationsC. bursa‐pastoris suffers from a plummet of nutritional value and loss of economic benefits even within short harvest and storage periods. Drying newly harvested C. bursa‐pastoris with appropriate techniques can both meet different consumer demands and effectively prolong the shelf life of products. Various drying techniques are bound to affect sensory attributes and retention rates of nutrients and aroma components significantly. We treated fresh C. bursa‐pastoris by vacuum drying, hot air drying, microwave drying and freeze‐drying, and compared the quality of final products, aiming to find out the optimum drying method and parameters and while providing valuable practical evidence for industrial drying of this vegetable.
Determination of Certain Microbiological Quality Characteristics of Ice Cream, Detection of Salmonella by Conventional and Immunomagnetic Separation Methods and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolates
Authors: Kavaz Yüksel Arzu , Yüksel Mehmet 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate certain microbiological quality characteristics, titration acidity and pH values, Staphylococcus aureus counts, presence of Salmonella spp. in ice cream by conventional and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) methods. Also, the antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates was demonstrated by 10 different antibiotic disks. For this purpose, 55 ice cream samples were collected from markets and pastries and analyzed in terms of the specified parameters. The results showed that 3/55 ice cream samples were positive in terms of S. aureus, while 2/55 sample were found positive by the IMS method with respect to Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were confirmed as 100% Salmonella spp. by the conventional methods and API 20E test kit. The carried out antibiotic susceptibility test results indicated that these two isolates showed susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim and tetracycline at 100% level, while their resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin and kanamycin were at 100% level.Practical ApplicationsIce cream is a popular frozen dairy product made with milk, cream, water and other ingredients. The quality of ice cream is affected by some factors, including wide variety of ingredients, production practices, transportation, storage conditions and temperature fluctuations. Although the potentially hazardous pathogenic microorganisms are rarely encountered in ice cream due to unsuitable conditions, they can be contaminated by the various types of microorganisms. The use of sensitive and specific methods for the isolation and identification of pathogen microorganisms is very important. Immunomagnetic separation system has been used for the selective capture and concentration of Salmonella from various foods. On the contrary, the antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens has a critical importance for human health. For this reason, it is thought that determination of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of isolated and identified Salmonella spp. is very important in terms of food safety and human health.
The challenges in developing effective canine infectious respiratory disease vaccines
Authors: Mitchell Judy A , Brownlie Joe 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a disease of multifactorial aetiology, where multiple pathogens act sequentially or synergistically to cause disease. It is common within large dog populations, such as those in re-homing or training kennels. Vaccines are vital in its management of CIRD, but they often fail to prevent disease. Recently, a number of novel pathogens have been identified in CIRD outbreaks and represent new targets for vaccination.

Key findings
Innate immune responses provide a vital first line of defence against the infectious agents involved in the development of CIRD. Once breeched, adaptive mucosal immunity is necessary to prevent infection and limit spread. Current vaccines target only a few of the agents involved in CIRD. Evidence, from the limited amount of published data, indicates that although vaccinating against these agents reduces infection rates, duration of shedding and severity of disease, it does not induce sterilising immunity; and this has important consequences for the management of the disease, and the future of CIRD vaccine development.

Summary
In the process of considering the development of novel CIRD vaccines, this paper focuses on the immunological mechanisms that provide protection for the respiratory tract, the current recommendations for canine vaccination, and the challenges surrounding existing CIRD vaccines, and their future development.
People With Intellectual Disability and Social–Political Life Participation: A Commitment to Inclusive Policies in Less Developed Countries
Authors: Memari Amir Hossein , Hafizi Sina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to experience numerous poor health and social outcomes. Interestingly, in the last few decades, efforts to enhance condition of people with disability were focused on the social model of disability rather than the medical model of disability. However, the case was different for less developed countries (LDCs). Cultural differences could undermine efforts to promote social inclusion of people with ID in less developed societies. The authors consider the conceptualization of ID from the perspective of developed and LDCs and consider how marginalization can be lessened by approaching ID as a human rights issue. They note that the social life and political participation of people with ID are now becoming more characteristic of modern social policies around the world. While the current social model of disability originally evolved in developed countries, the authors contend that LDCs should make some adaptation according to their cultural features before putting them into practice. They present a path toward inclusive policy in LDCs and posit that greater social and political participation will change the acceptance and social condition of people with ID.
Modified semitendinosus muscle transposition to repair ventral perineal hernia in 14 dogs
Authors: Morello E. , Martano M. , Zabarino S. , Piras L. A. , Nicoli S. , Bussadori R. , Buracco P. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVESTo describe a modified technique of semitendinosus muscle transposition for the repair of ventral perineal hernia.MATERIALS AND METHODSRetrospective review of case records of dogs with ventral perineal hernia that were treated by transposing the medial half of the longitudinally split semitendinosus muscle of one limb. The transposition of the internal obturator muscle was used when uni‐ or bilateral rectal sacculation was also present in addition to ventral perineal hernia; colopexy and vas deferens pexy were also performed.RESULTSFourteen dogs were included. In addition to ventral perineal hernia, unilateral and bilateral perineal hernia was also present in five and six of the dogs, respectively. The mean follow‐up time was 890 days. Ventral perineal hernia was successfully managed by the modified semitendinosus muscle transposition with minor complications in all the dogs included in the study.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDespite the small number of dogs included, the unilateral transposition of the medial half of the longitudinally split semitendinosus muscle consistently supported the ventral rectal enlargement in perineal hernia without obvious adverse effects.
Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in patient with atypical senile dementia with asymmetrical calcification
Authors: Shoyama Masaru , Ukai Satoshi , Shinosaki Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report an 83‐year‐old woman with atypical senile dementia with Fahr‐type calcification. Brain computed tomography demonstrated asymmetrical calcification predominant in the basal ganglia on the right side and pronounced diffuse cortical atrophy in the frontotemporal areas. The patient was clinically diagnosed with diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification. Brain single photon emission computed tomography findings revealed that cerebral blood flow was reduced on the right side, as compared with the left side, in widespread areas. Hemispheric asymmetry in both calcification and cerebral blood flow suggests a relationship between calcification and vascular changes.