bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role(s) of the 5‐HT2C Receptor in the Development of Maximal Dentate Activation in the Hippocampus of Anesthetized Rats
Authors: Orban Gergely , Bombardi Cristiano , Marino Gammazza Antonella , Colangeli Roberto , Pierucci Massimo , Pomara Cristoforo , Pessia Mauro , Bucchieri Fabio , Arcangelo Benigno , Smolders Ilse , De Deurwaerdère Philippe , Di Giovanni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAimsSubstantial evidence indicates that 5‐HT2C receptors are involved in the control of neuronal network excitability and in seizure pathophysiology. Here, we have addressed the relatively unexplored relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most frequent type of intractable epilepsy, and 5‐HT2CRs.MethodsIn this study, we investigated this issue using a model of partial complex (limbic) seizures in urethane‐anesthetized rat, based on the phenomenon of maximal dentate activation (MDA) using 5‐HT2C compounds, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting techniques.ResultsThe 5‐HT2C agonists mCPP (1 mg/kg, i.p) and lorcaserin (3 mg/kg, i.p), but not RO60‐0175 (1–3 mg/kg i.p.), were antiepileptogenic reducing the MDA response duration. The selective 5‐HT2C antagonist SB242084 (2 mg/kg, i.p) unveiled antiepileptogenic effects of RO60‐0175 (3 mg/kg, i.p) but did not alter those induced by mCPP and lorcaserin. Compared with control rats, electrically stimulated rats showed an increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase levels and a heterogeneous decrease in 5‐HT2CR immunoreactivity in different hippocampal areas.ConclusionsIn our animal model of TLE, mCPP and lorcaserin were anticonvulsant; likely acting on receptor subtypes other than 5‐HT2C. Epileptogenesis induced early adaptive changes and reorganization in the 5‐HT2CR and GABA systems.
Differential proteomics study of platelets in asymptomatic constitutional macrothrombocytopenia: altered levels of cytoskeletal proteins
Authors: Karmakar Shilpita , Saha Sutapa , Banerjee Debasis , Chakrabarti Abhijit 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesHarris platelet syndrome (HPS), also known as asymptomatic constitutional macrothrombocytopenia (ACMT), is an autosomal dominant platelet disorder characterized by mild‐to‐severe thrombocytopenia and giant platelets with normal platelet aggregation and absence of bleeding symptoms. We have attempted a comparative proteomics study for profiling of platelet proteins in healthy vs. pathological states to discover characteristic protein expression changes in macrothrombocytes and decipher the factors responsible for the functionally active yet morphologically distinct platelets.MethodsWe have used 2‐D gel‐based protein separation techniques coupled with MALDI‐ToF/ToF‐based mass spectrometric identification and characterization of the proteins to investigate the differential proteome profiling of platelet proteins isolated from the peripheral blood samples of patients and normal volunteers.Results and conclusionOur study revealed altered levels of actin‐binding proteins such as myosin light chain, coactosin‐like protein, actin‐related protein 2/3 complex, and transgelin2 that hint toward the cytoskeletal changes necessary to maintain the structural and functional integrity of macrothrombocytes. We have also observed over expressed levels of peroxiredoxin2 that signifies the prevailing oxidative stress in these cells. Additionally, altered levels of protein disulfide isomerase and transthyretin provide insights into the measures adapted by the macrothrombocytes to maintain their normal functional activity. This first proteomics study of platelets from ACMT may provide an understanding of the structural stability and normal functioning of these platelets in spite of their large size.
Behavioral Epiphenomena Revisited: Reply to Skok and Škorjanc
Authors: Hudson Robyn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Ethology, 2014 present arguments as to why fighting in piglets during suckling may not be an epiphenomenon as we had previously suggested Ethology, 119, 2013, 353 and provide several alternative explanations. Although the new information Skok and Škorjanc bring to this debate is carefully considered and important, I argue here that it is not sufficient to counter our original claim that fighting among piglets (and kittens) during suckling may be an epiphenomenon, a largely inconsequential by‐product, of developmental processes anticipating the use of these behaviors and associated anatomical structures in later functional contexts. However, the points Skok and Škorjanc raise contribute importantly to identifying areas where further information and experimental work are needed to resolve this and related behavioral issues. I therefore conclude that this debate, independent of any particular final outcome, constructively points to the general difficulty and need for caution in interpreting behavior in seemingly ‘obvious’ functional terms, and particularly during development.
Physicians' perceptions of shared decision‐making behaviours: a qualitative study demonstrating the continued chasm between aspirations and clinical practice
Authors: Zeuner Rachel , Frosch Dominick L. , Kuzemchak Marie D. , Politi Mary C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundShared Decision Making (SDM) is a process of engaging patients in health decisions that involve multiple medically appropriate treatment options. Despite growing public and policy support for patient engagement in health decisions, SDM is not widely practiced in clinical settings.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to explore clinicians' attitudes, beliefs and perceived social norms about engaging in SDM behaviours.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with physicians in five practice areas.Setting and participantsThis study was conducted at an academic medical centre in St. Louis, MO. The final sample included 20 physicians: five surgeons, five OB/GYNs, four medical oncologists, five internists and one emergency medicine physician.ResultsClinicians described a number of beliefs and cultural‐ and system‐level obstacles to the widespread implementation of SDM, such as how to engage in discussions of cost, uncertainty and clinical equipoise and how to engage patients across various socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionAlthough a large number of participants expressed general support for incorporating SDM into practice, most held fundamentally inconsistent beliefs about practicing specific SDM behaviours. More extensive training of physicians at all levels (pre‐ and post‐licensure) can help increase clinicians' confidence in SDM skills. Developing methods of integrating SDM into the institutional framework of hospitals and training programmes could also increase clinicians' motivation to practice SDM and work to change the culture of medicine such that SDM behaviours are supported.
Experimental food supplementation affects the physical development, behaviour and survival of Little Owl Athene noctua nestlings
Authors: Perrig Marco , Grüebler Martin U. , Keil Herbert , Naef‐Daenzer Beat 
Published: June 2014

In birds, energy supply during growth is a major predictor of the fledglings' physical condition and survival prospects. Differential quantity and quality of fledglings produced under varying nestling food supplies are likely to affect the number of offspring that recruit into the breeding population. However, the underlying mechanisms and associated consequences are still poorly known. Using a partial cross‐fostering and food supplementation experiment, we estimated the effect of variation in food supply during growth on nestling survival and fledgling phenotypic traits of Little Owls Athene noctua. Survival to fledging was much higher in food‐supplemented nestlings (98.6%) than in control nestlings (82.4%). Furthermore, supplemented nestlings were on average 8.9 g heavier and were more likely to develop subcutaneous fat deposits (99.4 vs. 73.7% of treatment and control nestlings, respectively). Supplemented nestlings also had on average longer wings than control nestlings, but tarsi and culmen did not differ significantly. Furthermore, experimentally supplemented fledglings struggled more when handled and emerged sooner from tonic immobility than control fledglings. The irises of supplemented fledglings were less intensely coloured. The experimentally induced changes in nestling development probably affect individual performance beyond fledging. Nestlings from orchard‐dominated habitats were larger than those from habitats dominated by arable land. As nestling food supply is largely determined by natural food availability, we conclude that habitat quality affects Little Owl productivity and offspring quality, and ultimately, population dynamics.
Transnational Immigrant Narratives on Arab Democracy: The Case of Student Associations at UC Berkeley
Authors: Fakhoury Tamirace 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the discourse of Arab transnational student associations at the University of California in Berkeley (UCB) on Arab democratization. It places focus on their narratives during the 2011 uprisings. Its findings, based on interviews and qualitative data, show that these student associations craft a discursive and broader conception of Arab democracy not confined to suffrage and institutions, and extending beyond the borders of the Arab world. They further draw on various indirect mechanisms in their host land to convey their discourses and impact homeland democratization. Still, their agency remains constrained by several structural factors.
Fluid intake from beverages across age groups: a systematic review
Authors: Özen A. E. , Bibiloni M. del Mar , Pons A. , Tur J. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundFluid intake, especially water, is essential for human life and also necessary for physical and mental function. The present study aimed to assess beverage consumption across age groups.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Original research in English language publications and available studies (or abstracts in English) from 2000 to 2013 was searched for by using the medical subheading (MeSH) terms: (‘beverage’ OR ‘fluid’ [Major]) AND (‘consumption’ [Mesh] OR ‘drinking’ [Mesh] OR ‘intake’ [Mesh]) AND (‘child’ [Mesh] OR ‘adolescent’ [Mesh] OR ‘adult’ [Mesh]). Article selection was restricted to those papers covering healthy populations of all age groups in a nationwide sample, or from a representative sample of the population of a city or cities, which examined the trends or patterns of beverage intake and the determinants of beverage intake. Sixty‐five studies were identified with respect to beverage consumption across age groups. The papers were screened by thoroughly reading titles or abstracts. Full‐text articles were assessed by three investigators.ResultsTotal beverage intake varied between 0.6 and 3.5 L day−1 among all age groups (males more than females). Plain water contributed up to 58%, 75% and 80% of the total beverage intake in children, adolescents and adults, respectively. Milk consumption was higher among children; consumption of soft drinks was higher among adolescents; and the consumption of tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages was higher among adults.ConclusionsPlain water is the main water source for all age groups and the consumption of other beverages varies according to age.
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon in a vervet monkey (Cholorocebous aethiops)
Authors: Hablolvarid M.H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (DNLH) of gastrointestinal tract is regarded as a very rare disease in the adult population. It is characterized by presence of diffuse detectable small polypoid masses distributed in the small intestine, colon, or both.MethodsA 6‐year‐old male in captivity suddenly died, due to myocardial infarction. During routine necropsy procedure, incidentally, numerous tan, sessile polyps, up to 0.2 cm were noticed in all segments of the colon.ResultsHistopathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed polypoid masses as nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), comparable with DNLH of the colon in human.ConclusionsIn this article, the author has tried to introduce some immunosuppresive (e.g., simian retrovirus type D (SRV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)) and opportunistic viruses (e.g., lymphocryptovirus, γ‐herpesvirus, adenovirus), as well as, primary and opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Yersinia psedotuberculosis, and Helicobacter spp.) that may trigger benign reactive process, lymphoid hyperplasia, in non‐human primates (NHPs) in captivity.
Marriage and Family Therapy in NPD Teams: Effects of We‐ness on Knowledge Sharing and Product Performance
Authors: Markham Stephen K. , Lee Hyunjung 
Published: June 2014

Drawing on marriage and family therapy (MFT), this paper introduces the concept of we‐ness to new product development (NPD). We‐ness is the shared sense of togetherness family members feel toward each other. We apply we‐ness to NPD as the construct through which people share knowledge at the team, between‐team, and between‐organization levels. The results support the hypotheses that we‐ness increases knowledge sharing and that knowledge sharing increases product performance. In this study, we used regressions to analyze the hypotheses. We found that the greater in‐team we‐ness (H1, t = 3.786, p = .000), between‐team we‐ness (H2, t = 5.411, p = .000), and between‐organization we‐ness (H3, t = 2.940, p = .004) activities there were, the more knowledge sharing in NPD. Results also indicate that knowledge sharing is related to better NPD performance.This paper contrasts team and family as the foundation metaphor to organize people engaged in product development. We argue the team metaphor can be counterproductive in settings where difficult decisions must be made. Teams can lead to individual members suppressing their opinions to “help” the team achieve its goal. Members are expected to sacrifice for the good of the team. That can be adaptive when the task is straightforward.The family metaphor suggests that the group sacrifices for the individual. In a family environment, members protect minority opinions, and in cases where complex, ambiguous decisions must be made individual expertise and insight may come from one person. High‐trust family‐like settings can facilitate sharing sensitive information and norms that can be challenged. The family metaphor suggests a more flexible and tolerant approach to new ideas. At the same time, it is recognized that families can have dysfunctions that can detract from performance. Therefore, managers must carefully apply the use of family‐like settings.The importance for family‐like approaches across organizations seems to be more important as technology complexity increases. Between‐team we‐ness was revealed significantly higher in goods manufacturers than service firms in this study. Small companies need to make extra effort to increase between‐team we‐ness.The idea of approaching product development from a family relations perspective opens up new alternatives for managing people in teams, between teams, and even between organizations. MFT tools to address behaviors and individual performance issues increase the number and nature of managerial tools to increase product performance.
The Need for Self‐Determination and Imagination: Personal Budgeting and the Management of Disability Services in Finland
Authors: Eriksson Susan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe author addresses “personal budgeting” as a disability service reform issue. To address this, a pilot project was undertaken in two Finnish municipal districts, in which personal budgeting was introduced as part of a 4‐year experiment. According to previous research, the power relations of persons with disabilities and disability service professionals are expected to change because of the process of personal budgeting. This article discusses the social positions that are occupied by the professionals and service users in the pilot project. These positions were analyzed within the context of expected change in disability service culture. Research data consisted of interviews and recorded discussions collected among the service users and professionals involved in the pilot. The positions constituted were analyzed by discourse analytical method to find out if the power relations changed because of a shift in the locus of decision making. The study showed there is a need for a change in attitudes to enable people with disabilities to live with the full rights attributed to the population as a whole. The data implied that current service cultures do not enable the situation to change and that the personnel in disability services are themselves in crucial positions for changing the culture, often simply by changing their working methods.
Thyroid Function and Dysfunction in Term and Premature Equine Neonates
Authors: Breuhaus B.A. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThis study was performed to compare thyroid function of premature foals to term foals.HypothesisPremature foals are more markedly hypothyroxinemic than expected for their severity of illness alone.AnimalsTwenty clinically normal term foals; 28 sick, hospitalized term foals; 24 sick, hospitalized premature foals.MethodsThyroid hormones (TH) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured, both at rest and in response to thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), in the 3 groups of foals. Clinical and clinicopathologic data were recorded.ResultsNormal foals had highTHat birth, which decreased over the first month into the normal reference range for adult horses.TSHwas within the normal adult reference range soon after birth, and did not change over time. At 24–36 hours of age, triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower in both premature and term hospitalized foals compared to normal foals; premature foals were not different from term hospitalized foals. Thyroxine (T4) was not different between normal and term hospitalized foals, but was significantly lower than in premature foals of both of these groups.TSHwas not different among the 3 groups.TRHstimulation tests identified significant differences in T4 among all 3 groups of foals, whereas T3 was similar in premature and term hospitalized foals and different from normal foals.TSHresponse toTRHwas significantly higher in premature foals compared to normal foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis is different in foals compared to adult horses. Sick foals exhibit nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Premature foals are more markedly hypothyroxinemic than can be accounted for by their severity of illness alone.
Geographic variation in sex‐chromosome differentiation in the common frog (Rana temporaria)
Authors: Rodrigues Nicolas , Merilä Juha , Patrelle Cécile , Perrin Nicolas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn sharp contrast with birds and mammals, sex‐determination systems in ectothermic vertebrates are often highly dynamic and sometimes multifactorial. Both environmental and genetic effects have been documented in common frogs (Rana temporaria). One genetic linkage group, mapping to the largest pair of chromosomes and harbouring the candidate sex‐determining gene Dmrt1, associates with sex in several populations throughout Europe, but association varies both within and among populations. Here, we show that sex association at this linkage group differs among populations along a 1500‐km transect across Sweden. Genetic differentiation between sexes is strongest (FST = 0.152) in a northern‐boreal population, where male‐specific alleles and heterozygote excesses (FIS = −0.418 in males, +0.025 in females) testify to a male‐heterogametic system and lack of X‐Y recombination. In the southernmost population (nemoral climate), in contrast, sexes share the same alleles at the same frequencies (FST = 0.007 between sexes), suggesting unrestricted recombination. Other populations show intermediate levels of sex differentiation, with males falling in two categories: some cluster with females, while others display male‐specific Y haplotypes. This polymorphism may result from differences between populations in the patterns of X‐Y recombination, co‐option of an alternative sex‐chromosome pair, or a mixed sex‐determination system where maleness is controlled either by genes or by environment depending on populations or families. We propose approaches to test among these alternative models, to disentangle the effects of climate and phylogeography on the latitudinal trend, and to sort out how this polymorphism relates to the ‘sexual races’ described in common frogs in the 1930s.
Measuring the variability of data from other values in the set
Authors: Jones Dustin L. , Scariano Stephen M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryStudents have intuitive notions of the meaning of variability; some may see variability as how values in a set vary from each other. This article provides a measure of variability that is based on that conception. We introduce this new measure and a method for calculating it. Finally, we prove that this measure is equivalent to the population variance.
Regional disturbances in blood flow and metabolism in equine limb wound healing with formation of exuberant granulation tissue
Authors: Sørensen Mette A. , Petersen Lars J. , Bundgaard Louise , Toft Nils , Jacobsen Stine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs in other fibroproliferative disorders, hypoxia has been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT). The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolism and blood flow locally in full‐thickness wounds healing with (limb wounds) and without (body wounds) formation ofEGT. Microdialysis was used to recover endogenous metabolites from the wounds, and laserDoppler flowmetry was used to measure blood flow. Measurements were performed before wounding and 1–28 days after wounding. Blood flow was consistently lower in limb wounds than in body wounds throughout the study period with no change over time. After wounding and throughout the study period, the glucose concentration was significantly lower in limb wounds than in body wounds, whereas the lactate level showed a significantly higher concentration in limb wounds. The lactate/glucose ratio displayed a significant difference between body and limb wounds. In conclusion, the metabolic disturbances may suggest an inadequate oxygen supply during the wound healing process in equine limb wounds healing withEGT. This may be related to the inherently decreased perfusion in the wound bed of limb wounds.