bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective electrochemical n-type doping of ZnO thin films for photovoltaic window applications
Authors: Marí-Soucase B. , Cembrero-Coca P. , Mollar M. , Calixto M. E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAn effective n-type doping of ZnO using Cl was demonstrated in thin films electrochemically synthetized by adding different amounts of chlorine ions in the starting electrolyte. The ratio between chlorine and zinc cations was varied between 0 and 2 while the zinc concentration in the solution was kept constant. When the concentration of chloride in the bath increases an effective n-type doping of ZnO films takes place. n-type doping is evidenced by the rise of donors concentration, obtained from Mott-Schottky measurements, as well as from the blue shift observed in the optical gap owing to the Burstein-Moss effect.
Cupric Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Isherwood Patrick J. M. , Maniscalco Biancamaria , Lisco Fabiana , Kaminski Piotr M. , Bowers Jake W. , Walls John M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCupric oxide thin films were sputtered onto soda-lime glass slides from a single pre-formed ceramic target using a radio-frequency power supply. The effects of oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature on the optical, electrical and structural properties of the films were studied. It was found that increasing temperature resulted in increased crystallinity and crystal size but also increased film resistivity. The most conductive films were those deposited at room temperature. Increasing oxygen partial pressure was found to reduce resistivity dramatically. This is thought to be due to higher charge carrier concentrations resulting from increased copper vacancies. Increasing oxygen partial pressure causes an increase in the optical band gap from a minimum of 0.8eV up to a maximum of 1.42eV. Oxygen-rich films display reduced crystallinity, becoming increasingly amorphous with increased oxygen content. These results show that the optical, electrical and structural properties of sputtered cupric oxide films can be controlled by alteration of the deposition environment.
Optimising The Parameters For The Synthesis Of Cuin-Nanoparticles By Chemical Reduction Method For Chalcopyrite Thin Film Precursors
Authors: Schuster Matthias , Möckel Stefan A. , Wibowo Rachmat Adhi , Hock Rainer , Wellmann Peter J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTRoll-to-roll deposition techniques for the fabrication of chalcopyrite solar cells are of major interest and are a promising alternative to state of the art vacuum processes. However, for roll-to-roll processes the preparation of precursor materials like nanoparticle inks is a crucial point. In this work a study on the preparation technique of copper-indium intermetallic nanoparticles was conducted. The preparation of the nanoparticles is based on the chemical reduction of copper and indium cations with sodium borohydride. Different parameters are discussed regarding their influence on (1) size and shape of the nanoparticles, (2) Cu/In ratio within the synthesised nanoparticles and (3) yield of the synthesis. Results show a strong dependency of the Cu/In ratio of the nanoparticles and the yield of the synthesis on the synthesis parameters. The influence of different parameters like (a) the ratio of metal cations to BH4- anions, (b) the Cu2+/In3+ cation ratio within the precursor solution and (c) the dropping rate of the copper-indium precursor solution are discussed. The Cu/In ratio within the nanoparticles can mainly be controlled by the Cu2+/In3+ cation ratio and the dropping rate of the copper-indium precursor solution. The yield of the synthesis shows saturation behaviour depending on the ratio of metal cations to BH4- anions. Shape and size of the nanoparticles are independent of the varied parameters.
Moisture Resistant Ga-Doped ZnO Films with Highly Transparent Conductivity for Use in Window Layers of Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Song H. -P. , Makino H. , Kishimoto S. , Yamamoto T. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHighly transparent conductive Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films are one of the promising transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films for use in electrodes of flat display panels and window layers of thin film solar cells. For the ZnO-based TCO films, the stability to damp-heat environment is a crucial issue for practical applications. We will report moisture resistant GZO codoped with indium films (GZO:In) on the basis of analysis of data obtained a damp-heat test for solar cells (85°C and 85% relative humidity for 1000 hours).We used ZnO sintered targets with contents of 3 wt% Ga2O3 and 0.25 wt% In2O3 to grow GZO:In films in ion plating with direct current arc-discharge system. GZO:In films with different thicknesses (0.1-1 μm) were deposited on glass substrates at 200°C under the O2 flow rate of 15 sccm. As the film thickness increased from 0.1 to 1 μm, the resistivity and sheet resistance decreased from 4.3 μΩm to 2.6 μΩm and from 42.7 Ω/Sq. to 2.6 Ω/Sq., respectively. And the average optical transmittance (Tav) in the range from 0.4 to 1 μm decreased from ∼ 86% to ∼ 75%. The GZO:In film with a thickness of ∼300 nm had a low sheet resistance of 10.5 Ω/Sq. and a Tav of 82.5%. After 1000 hours damp-heat (DH) test under 85°C and 85% relative humidity, the relative change of sheet resistance is 3.4% with a Hall mobility of 26.4 cm2/V.s and a Tav of 82.7% after test. The film thicker than 300 nm has a sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/Sq. and a relative change of resistance of ∼3% after DH test.
Epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts in the East of Ireland in the 25-Year Period 1984–2008
Authors: McDonnell Robert , Owens Miriam , Delany Caroline , Earley Michael , McGillivary Anne , Orr David J. , Duggan Laura 
Published: October 2013

Objective To describe the epidemiology of orofacial clefts in the east of Ireland. Design and Setting A descriptive epidemiologic study on 851 cases of orofacial cleft identified over a 25-year period from 1984 to 2008 from more than 500,000 births. Results There were 438 (51.5%) cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 413 (48.5%) cases of cleft palate. The total birth prevalence was 16.0 per 10,000 births for all orofacial clefts, 8.2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and 7.8 for cleft palate. Of all cases, 63.7% (542/851) occurred as isolated anomalies, 21.5% (183/851) were associated with multiple anomalies, and 14.8% (126/851) were associated with a syndrome or chromosomal anomaly. A significantly increasing trend over the 25-year period was observed for cleft lip with or without cleft palate associated with syndromes or chromosomal anomalies among mothers younger than 35 years but not in those older than 35 years. Conclusion A slightly higher rate of orofacial clefts was observed in the east of Ireland than was observed in European and multinational studies during the study period, and there were higher rates of cleft palate. The rising trend in the proportion of mothers aged 35 years or older in Ireland is not contributing significantly to orofacial clefts associated with chromosomal syndromes.
Increase in Sagittal Depth of the Bony Nasopharynx following Maxillary Protraction in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Singla Sapna , Utreja Ashok , Singh Satinder Pal , Lou Wendy , Suri Sunjay 
Published: October 2013

Objective To study the change in the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), following maxillary protraction using reverse headgear. Methods Nineteen patients (14 male, five female; aged 9.36 ± 2.89 years) with repaired complete UCLP underwent maxillary protraction with a Delaire type reverse headgear at a tertiary-care referral teaching hospital. Control data were taken from five patients (four male, one female; aged 8.25 ± 2.25 years) who did not receive any orthopedic/orthodontic treatment for a similar duration of time as the treated patients. Average treatment/observation period was 11.71 ± 3.39 months for the treated patients and 12.40 ± 2.60 months for the untreated subjects. Changes in the sagittal bony nasopharynx depth were measured by comparing pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalograms. Correlations between the changes in the bony nasopharynx depth and in other variables measured in the treated patients were analyzed. An exploratory analysis of differences in the changes from T1 to T2 between the treated patients and untreated subjects was also conducted. Results The favorable skeletal changes seen in SNA and ANB following maxillary protraction were accompanied by a significant increase in the sagittal depth of bony nasopharynx (1.74 ± 1.10 mm; P < .001). This change was significant when compared with the data from the untreated subjects ( P = .004). Correlations between the increase in bony nasopharynx depth and changes in other variables studied in the treated patients were weak and not statistically significant. Conclusion Sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with repaired UCLP increased following maxillary protraction therapy using reverse headgear.
Launching Native Health Leaders: Reducing Mistrust of Research Through Student Peer Mentorship
Authors: James Rosalina D. , McGlone West Kathleen , Madrid Teresa M. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We assessed the impact of Launching Native Health Leaders (LNHL), a peer-mentoring and networking program that introduced American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) undergraduates to health and research careers and concepts of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Methods. We conducted 15 interviews and 1 focus group with students who had attended 1 or more LNHL meetings, which took place during 9 professional health research conferences in 2006 to 2009. We completed data collection in 2010, within 1 to 4 years of LNHL participant engagement in program activities. Results. Participants described identity and cultural challenges they encountered in academic institutions and how their views shifted from perceiving research as an enterprise conducted by community outsiders who were not to be trusted toward an understanding of CBPR as contributing to AI/AN health. Conclusions. LNHL provided a safe environment for AI/AN students to openly explore their place in the health and research arenas. Programs such as LNHL support AI/AN student development as leaders in building trust for academic–tribal partnerships.
Impact of Rurality, Broiler Operations, and Community Socioeconomic Factors on the Risk of Campylobacteriosis in Maryland
Authors: Zappe Pasturel Barbara , Cruz-Cano Raul , Rosenberg Goldstein Rachel E. , Palmer Amanda , Blythe David , Ryan Patricia , Hogan Brenna , Jung Carrianne , Joseph Sam W. , Wang Min Qi , Ting Lee Mei-Ling , Puett Robin , Sapkota Amy R. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We evaluated the combined impact of community-level environmental and socioeconomic factors on the risk of campylobacteriosis. Methods. We obtained Campylobacter case data (2002–2010; n = 3694) from the Maryland Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. We obtained community-level socioeconomic and environmental data from the 2000 US Census and the 2007 US Census of Agriculture. We linked data by zip code. We derived incidence rate ratios by Poisson regressions. We mapped a subset of zip code–level characteristics. Results. In zip codes that were 100% rural, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of campylobacteriosis were 6 times (IRR = 6.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.19, 11.97) greater than those in urban zip codes. In zip codes with broiler chicken operations, incidence rates were 1.45 times greater than those in zip codes without broilers (IRR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.58). We also observed higher rates in zip codes whose populations were predominantly White and had high median incomes. Conclusions. The community and environment in which one lives may significantly influence the risk of campylobacteriosis.
Redressing Past Wrongs: Changing the Common Rule to Increase Minority Voices in Research
Authors: Rencher William C. , Wolf Leslie E. 
Published: October 2013

Numerous diseases disproportionately affect African Americans across socioeconomic, age, gender, and geographic groups. Despite the need for research into these disparities, African Americans are often underrepresented in research. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study receives much of the blame for this problem, but other contributing factors have also been identified.To date, government policies seeking to increase African American participation have had limited success, and recently proposed changes to the Common Rule do not address this problem. Therefore, we have proposed 3 changes: treating racial minorities as vulnerable, requiring community consultation in minority research, and increasing minority representation on institutional review boards.Coupled with other efforts, these changes could help increase minority representation in researching health disparities.
Clinicopathologic and atypical features of naturally occurring leptospirosis in dogs: 51 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Tangeman Lindsay E. , Littman Meryl P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinicopathologic features, percentage of atypical abnormalities, antibody titers against Leptospira serogroups, and importance of convalescent titers in dogs with leptospirosis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—51 dogs with leptospirosis.
Procedures—Criteria for inclusion were at least 1 positive microscopic agglutination test (MAT) result (titer ≥ 1:1,600 in vaccinated dogs, titer ≥ 1:800 in nonvaccinated dogs, or ≥ 4-fold increase in convalescent titer), a complete medical record (including leptospirosis vaccination date, reason for initial evaluation, and CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis results), and clinical signs or laboratory findings consistent with leptospirosis.
Results—Initial clinical signs, temporal distribution, and signalment were similar to previous reports. Convalescent MAT titers were necessary for diagnosis in 45% of cases. Atypical abnormalities included radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease in 10 of 23 dogs and hepatic involvement alone in 7 of 51 dogs. Other abnormalities included proteinuria in 34 of 51 dogs, thrombocytopenia in 26 of 51, coagulopathy in 7 of 24 dogs, hypoalbuminemia in 14 of 51 dogs, and glucosuria in 9 of 51 dogs. Significant associations were found between antibodies against serogroup Grippotyphosa and renal involvement and serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae and hepatic involvement.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased awareness of atypical abnormalities may decrease misdiagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs. Results of concurrent infectious disease testing should be interpreted with caution; misdiagnosis of leptospirosis could pose a public health risk. Convalescent titers were necessary to identify infection when acute testing results were negative. Further research is needed to determine the true associations between antibodies against identified serogroups and clinical features.
Revalidation and redescription of Potamon elbursi Pretzmann, 1976 (Brachyura, Potamidae) from Iran, based on morphology and genetics
Authors: Keikhosravi Alireza , Schubart Christoph 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In the current study, we redescribe and revalidate a freshwater crab species of the genus Potamon Savigny, 1816, from northern Iran. Potamon elbursi Pretzmann, 1962, differs from the species it has been synonymised with, Potamon persicum Pretzmann, 1962, mainly by the shape of the first gonopods in males. Consistent and marked genetic divergence was also recognised in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. This study elevates P. elbursi to species rank and therefore increases the number of valid species of the genus Potamon to a total of twenty-two.
Frontolateral pins for halo ring placement: reassessment of a common neurosurgical procedure with CT measurements of skull thickness
Authors: Stone James L. , Gulabani Aditi , Gorelick Gleb , Vannemreddy Siddharth N. K. , Vannemreddy Prasad S. S. V. 
Published: October 2013

Object
Halo orthosis placement is a common neurosurgical procedure for the treatment of cervical spine injuries. Frontal sinus puncture by the anterior pins may occur using standard techniques, and up to 30% are dissatisfied with forehead scarring, especially women and African Americans.

Methods
The authors describe a frontolateral (FL) anterior pin site placement supported by high-resolution CT scan skull thickness measurements. The standard supraorbital (SO) pin site is several centimeters above the lateral orbit, whereas the FL pin site is 2–3 cm posterolateral to the SO site. Frontolateral placement is just anterior to the temporalis muscle close to a triangular anterior projection of the temporal hairline. For quantitative information on skull thickness at the SO and FT pin sites, thin 0.625-mm CT scan measurements of the outer table, diploic space, and inner table were obtained in 40 adults (80 sites).

Results
The mean values for total skull thickness at the SO and FT sites were not significantly different. The inner table was significantly thicker at the FL site in both males and females, buttressed by the nearby greater sphenoid wing. The mean total skull thickness was significantly less in females than in males, but the values were not significantly different at the SO and FL sites.

Conclusions
The FL and SO anterior pin sites are comparable with respect to skull thickness CT measurements, with a significantly thicker inner table at the FL site. In the senior author's experience, the FL anterior pin site yielded secure fixation without skull perforation, neurovascular injury, or propensity to infection. The cosmetic result of the FL site is more acceptable, and the authors recommend its general usage be adopted.
Le témoin en psychanalyse et en thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Eiguer Alberto 
Published: October 2013

L’auteur aborde la place et la fonction du témoin dans la justice, l’histoire, la philosophie, les psychanalyses individuelle et familiale, ainsi que chez les enfants face aux violences du couple parental, etc. Dans les cures, la fonction du thérapeute comme témoin ouvre des perspectives intéressantes. Le témoin est un autre sujet. Sa fonction dans la réalité rappelle le lien à l’autre où la dimension de porte-parole de la loi est si bien évidente, pas indispensable : il peut témoigner que quelque chose est advenu. Chez le témoin, cette fonction suscite régulièrement une circulation par sa subjectivité et une élaboration psychique, ce qui conduit à son intégration dans l’identité. Et témoigner n’est pas aussi radical qu’attester, ce dernier acte engage profondément l’être ; la narrativité y joue une fonction de premier ordre. A propos de la famille où les liens pervers sont à l’œuvre plus particulièrement, le témoin apparaît comme un sujet différent du pervers, de la victime ou un complice de celui-ci. L’idée de témoin aide à avancer dans l’analyse de ces liens. Un témoin est un être qui pour l’acteur de la perversion devrait rester passif, impuissant et horrifié par les transgressions. L’analyste y est également sollicité pour devenir le témoin partial de ses agissements. Toutefois l’analyste peut devenir un témoin actif , ce qui contribue à renverser le courant en retrouvant en même temps sa fonction d’écoute. Afin de mieux cerner la position de l’analyste dans le jeu transfert-contretransfert, l’auteur propose un cas de famille en analyse.
À propos des relations entre psychanalyse et neurosciences aujourd'hui
Authors: Georgieff Nicolas 
Published: October 2013

Le débat entre psychanalyse et neurosciences ne doit pas être conçu comme un conflit de territoires mais plutôt comme un débat entre points de vue complémentaires sur un même objet : le psychisme humain et son fonctionnement. Sous cet angle les questions qui se posent portent sur les différences de méthodes : objectivité et preuve expérimentale pour les neurosciences, relation intersubjective individuelle pour la psychanalyse dont les modèles théoriques rendent compte au titre d’une théorie de la pratique thérapeutique plutôt qu’une théorie du psychisme.
Apprentissage, douleur psychique et rythmicité des expériences
Authors: Ciccone Albert 
Published: October 2013

La connaissance est un besoin fondamental chez le bébé. L’apprentissage qui conduit à la connaissance est une expérience génératrice de plaisir (partagé), mais elle mobilise également des angoisses, des émotions douloureuses, des souffrances narcissiques, ainsi que des fantasmes qui peuvent inhiber la curiosité qui la soutient et la nourrit. L’expérience d’apprentissage requiert une « parentalité » impliquée, attentive aux effets et aux enjeux qui caractérisent le processus de connaissance. Elle nécessite une rythmicité dans l’intégration des expériences et la saisie du monde. Et c’est à la parentalité, externe puis interne, de garantir cette rythmicité.
Effects of trap height on captures of arboreal insects in pine stands of northeastern United States of America
Authors: Dodds Kevin J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKnowledge of the effects of variables that can influence trapping results should help to optimise efforts in exotic species detection and other surveys. Two vertical trap placements (understorey, canopy) were tested to determine influence of these two heights on captures of Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), and Siricidae (Hymenoptera) using semiochemical-baited multiple-funnel traps. Traps were baited with α-pinene, ethanol, ipsdienol, and ipsenol. A total of 8463 insects from 65 species and one genus were captured during the study. Average species richness, species diversity, abundance, number of unique species, and expected diversity were higher in understorey compared with canopy traps. Jaccard (0.94 ± 0.05) and Sørensen abundance (0.97 ± 0.03) similarity indices suggested highly similar communities sampled at the two trap heights.Dendroctonus valensLeConte,Dryocoetes autographusRatzeburg,Hylastes opacusErichson,Orthotomicus caelatus(Eichhoff),Gnathotrichus materiarius(Fitch),Asemum striatum(Linnaeus),Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus(Say),Rhagium inquisitor(Linnaeus), andXylotrechus sagitattus sagitattus(Germar) were more abundant in understorey traps. In contrast,Ips pini(Say),Pityogenes hopkinsiSwaine,Monochamus carolinensis(Olivier),Acmaeops proteus(Kirby), andAstylopsis sexgutatta(Say) were more abundant in canopy traps. The common practice of trapping in the understorey may be optimal for sampling arboreal insects as part of survey efforts. However, additional species may be found by trapping at other vertical placements.