bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fly the coop! Vertical structures influence the distribution and behaviour of laying hens in an outdoor range
Authors: Rault J‐L , van de Wouw A , Hemsworth P 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe number of free‐range farms has greatly increased in the Australian egg industry, up by 64% over the past 5 years and representing 34% of the retail egg sales last year. Nonetheless, free‐range systems offer particular challenges to farmers. The use of the outdoor range is variable among hens; their distribution is usually not uniform across the range and they tend to stay close to features such as walls or fences, resulting in high stocking density in particular areas, with associated welfare and environmental concerns.MethodsUsing video recordings, we investigated the effect of erecting a series of vertical structures in the range on the hens' numbers, distribution and behaviour.ResultsHens were very attracted to the structures, which altered their distribution and behaviour. Up to 160 hens were seen around each structure, giving a density of 6.4 hens/m2. The hens spent 40% of their time pecking at the structures and standing in these areas and less time walking, preening or ground pecking.ConclusionElucidating which physical features fulfil hens' biological needs could improve their use of outdoor ranges.
Persisting Rise in Referrals During Labor in Primary Midwife‐led Care in The Netherlands
Authors: Offerhaus Pien M. , Hukkelhoven Chantal W.P.M. , de Jonge Ank , van der Pal‐de Bruin Karin M. , Scheepers Peer L.H. , Lagro‐Janssen Antoine L.M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are concerns about the Dutch maternity care system, characterized by a strict role division between primary and secondary care. The objective of this study was to describe trends in referrals and in perinatal outcomes among labors that started in primary midwife‐led care.MethodsWe performed a descriptive study of all 789,795 labors that started in primary midwife‐led care during 2000 to 2008 in The Netherlands. Referrals to obstetrician‐led care or pediatrician were classified as urgent or nonurgent. Perinatal safety was described by perinatal mortality (intrapartum or neonatal 0–7 days), admission to neonatal intensive care unit 0–7 days, and Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes.ResultsThe proportion of referrals during labor or after birth declined from 52.6 to 42.6 percent for nulliparous women and from 83.2 to 76.7 percent for multiparous women. Especially nonurgent referrals during the first stage increased, for nulliparous women from 28.7 to 40.7 percent and for multiparous women from 10.5 to 16.5 percent. Referrals were less frequent in planned home births. Perinatal mortality was 0.9 per thousand births for nulliparous women, and 0.6 per thousand for multiparous women. A low Apgar score was registered in 8.6 per thousand births for nulliparous women, and 4.1 per thousand for multiparous women.ConclusionsThere was a considerable rise in nonurgent referrals to obstetrician‐led care in primary midwife‐led care during labor. Perinatal safety did not improve significantly over time. The persisting rise in referrals challenges the sustainability of the current strict role division between primary and secondary maternity care in The Netherlands.
Diagnosis and classification of mastocytosis in non‐specialized versus reference centres: a Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) study on 122 patients
Authors: Sánchez‐Muñoz Laura , Morgado Jose M. , Álvarez‐Twose Ivan , Matito Almudena , Garcia‐Montero Andrés C. , Teodosio Cristina , Jara‐Acevedo Maria , Mayado Andrea , Mollejo Manuela , Caldas Carolina , González de Olano David , Escribano Luis , Orfao Alberto 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe diagnosis of ‘rare diseases’, such as mastocytosis, remains a challenge. Despite this, the precise benefits of referral of mastocytosis patients to highly specialized reference centres are poorly defined and whether patients should be managed at non‐specialized versus reference centres remains a matter of debate. To evaluate the quality and efficiency of diagnostic procedures performed at the reference centres for mastocytosis in Spain (REMA) versus other non‐reference centres, we retrospectively analysed a series of 122 patients, for the overall degree of agreement obtained for the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic and classification criteria betwen the referring and REMA centres. Our results showed that not all WHO diagnostic criteria were frequently investigated at the referring centres. Among the five WHO diagnostic criteria, the highest degree of agreement was obtained for serum tryptase levels [median 90% (95% confidence interval 84–96%)]; in turn, the overall agreement was significantly lower for the major histopathological criterion [80% (72–89%)], and the other three minor criteria: cytomorphology [68% (56–80%)] immunophenotyping of BM mast cells [75% (62–87%)] and detection of the KIT mutation [34% (8–60%)]. Referral of patients with diagnostic suspicion of mastocytosis to a multidisciplinary reference centre improves diagnostic efficiency and quality.
Working to Understand Our Role in the Patient's Mind: Countertransference and the Problems of Immersion
Authors: Waska Robert 
Published: October 2015

To be fully helpful, in a way that respects both the internal and external needs and conflicts of our patients in analytic treatment, we must become immersed in their emotional perspective and have a feel for how they view and value themselves and their objects. Allowing ourselves to be carried into their inner phantasies and to be in touch with their strivings towards and away from love, hate, and knowledge is important in the analytic process. Countertransference is unavoidable but, if properly monitored and contained, it can provide a beneficial therapeutic device.However, when treating disturbed patients who draw us into more paranoid transference states or primitive depressive position conflicts, we are often involved in various degrees of enactment. Even then, the countertransference, if carefully studied, can help us rebalance ourselves therapeutically and start to better understand how the patient is using us in their internal world and why they need to or desire to organize their object relational world in such terms. We cannot help but be immersed within the patient's unconscious belief system but, by being aware of our thoughts and feelings and reactions, we can keep our head above the choppy countertransference waters enough to act out less and offer constant interpretations that are more informed and focused on the patient's unique and personal object relational conflicts and internal belief system.From an object relational, post‐Kleinian tradition, the author examines one case in depth. The patient consulted the analyst with concerns about her grown children and her perception of how damaged they were emotionally. The subsequent meetings involved intense transference and countertransference experiences that are explored. The author's approach builds on prior clinical understanding based on the Kleinian method (Waska, 2002, 2004, 2012, 2013).
Treatment efficacy and outcomes using a third generation shockwave lithotripter
Authors: Neisius Andreas , Wöllner Jens , Thomas Christian , Roos Frederik C. , Brenner Walburgis , Hampel Christian , Preminger Glenn M. , Thüroff Joachim W. , Gillitzer Rolf 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical efficiency of a third generation electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter, the Lithoskop® (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), regarding outcomes, stone disintegration, retreatment and complication rates.
To compare the results of the Lithoskop with other currently available systems and the reference standard lithotripter, the HM‐3 (Dornier MedTech Europe GmbH, Wessling, Germany).
Patients and Methods
We analysed the data from 183 patients, including 13 children, undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal and ureteric calculi collected from a prospectively populated database.
Outcomes were assessed by plain abdominal film of kidney, ureter and bladder and renal ultrasonography for radiopaque and computerized tomography for radiolucent stones 1 day after treatment and after 3 months.
We analysed stone size and location before and after treatment, stone disintegration rate, retreatment rate, stone‐free and residual fragment rates after 3 months, along with auxiliary procedures and complications.
Results
The mean (range) patient age was 48.6 (1.3–81.4) years, including 13 children with a mean (range) age of 8.4 (1.3–16.7) years, and 77% of the patients were male.
In all, 46% of the calculi were localized in the kidney and 54% in the ureter. Renal stones were localized in the upper, middle and lower calyx and in the renal pelvis in 9, 29, 30 and 32% of patients, respectively. Ureteric stones were localized in the upper, mid‐ and distal ureter in 29, 19 and 52% of patients, respectively. The median (range) stone size before ESWL was 10 (4–25) mm in the kidney and 8 (4–28) mm in the ureteric calculi.
The overall stone‐free rate after 3 months was 91% (88% for renal and 93% for ureteric calculi); the mean number of sessions to achieve these rates was 1.3.
Stone‐free rates and the required number of sessions were determined only by stone size. In 7.1% of the patients (n = 13) post‐interventional auxiliary procedures were necessary.
We observed one perirenal haematoma as a major complication (0.5%), but this did not require any further therapy.
Conclusions
Clinical stone‐free rates with the Lithoskop are high and similar to those of other available systems, including the reference standard HM‐3 lithotripter.
Retreatment and complication rates are low, supporting the use of ESWL as first‐line therapy for urinary calculi <10 mm, independent of stone location.
Political transitions: Opportunities to renegotiate the public service bargain
Authors: Althaus Catherine , Vakil Thea 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdopting a public service perspective of transitions in Westminster systems and connecting literature on transitions with public service bargains (PSBs), this research note proposes that transitions not only increase existing tensions between politicians and the public service, but also provide opportunities to forge newPSBsto defuse these tensions. It argues that public service institutions should move beyond individually negotiated transition responses towards corporately drivenPSBnegotiations across the political–public service interface on a rolling basis in order to promote the cause of democratic governance. It also invites others to take up this perspective and develop research to probe these ideas further.
Developmental Differences in Relations Between Episodic Memory and Hippocampal Subregion Volume During Early Childhood
Authors: Riggins Tracy , Blankenship Sarah L. , Mulligan Elizabeth , Rice Katherine , Redcay Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

Episodic memory shows striking improvement during early childhood. However, neural contributions to these behavioral changes are not well understood. This study examined associations between episodic memory and volume of subregions (head, body, and tail) of the hippocampus—a structure known to support episodic memory in school‐aged children and adults—during early childhood (n = 45). Results revealed significant positive relations between episodic memory and volume of the hippocampal head in both the left and right hemispheres for 6‐ but not 4‐year‐old children, suggesting brain–behavior relations vary across development. These findings add new information regarding neural mechanisms of change in memory development during early childhood and suggest that developmental differences in hippocampal subregions may contribute to age‐related differences in episodic memory ability.
Historical Semantic Chaining and Efficient Communication: The Case of Container Names
Authors: Xu Yang , Regier Terry , Malt Barbara C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSemantic categories in the world's languages often reflect a historical process of chaining: A name for one referent is extended to a conceptually related referent, and from there on to other referents, producing a chain of exemplars that all bear the same name. The beginning and end points of such a chain might in principle be rather dissimilar. There is also evidence supporting a contrasting picture: Languages tend to support efficient, informative communication, often through semantic categories in which all exemplars are similar. Here, we explore this tension through computational analyses of existing cross‐language naming and sorting data from the domain of household containers. We find (a) formal evidence for historical semantic chaining, and (b) evidence that systems of categories in this domain nonetheless support near‐optimally efficient communication. Our results demonstrate that semantic chaining is compatible with efficient communication, and they suggest that chaining may be constrained by the functional need for efficient communication.
Contemporary use of elastography in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Thiele Maja , Kjærgaard Maria , Thielsen Peter , Krag Aleksander 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe risk and speed of progression from fibrosis to compensated and decompensated cirrhosis define the prognosis in liver diseases. Therefore, early detection and preventive strategies affect outcomes. Patients with liver disease have traditionally been diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, in part due to lack of non‐invasive markers. Ultrasound elastography to measure liver stiffness can potentially change this paradigm. The purpose of this review was therefore to summarize advances in the field of ultrasound elastography with focus on diagnosis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension, techniques and limitations. Four types of ultrasound elastography exist, but there is scarce evidence comparing the different techniques. The majority of experience concern transient elastography for diagnosing fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. That said, the role of elastography in other aetiologies such as alcoholic‐ and non‐alcoholic liver fibrosis still needs clarification. Although elastography can be used to diagnose liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, its true potential lies in the possibility of multiple, repeated measurements that allow for treatment surveillance, continuous risk stratification and monitoring of complications. As such, elastography may be a powerful tool for personalized medicine. While elastography is an exciting technique, the nature of ultrasound imaging limits its applicability, due to the risk of failures and unreliable results. Key factors that limit the applicability of liver stiffness measurements are as follows: liver vein congestion, cholestasis, a recent meal, inflammation, obesity, observer experience and ascites. The coming years will show whether elastography will be widely adapted in general care.
Influence of CYP3A5 genetic variation on everolimus maintenance dosing after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Lesche Dorothea , Sigurdardottir Vilborg , Setoud Raschid , Englberger Lars , Fiedler Georg M. , Largiadèr Carlo R. , Mohacsi Paul , Sistonen Johanna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundEverolimus (ERL) has become an alternative to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) due to its renal‐sparing properties, especially in heart transplant (HTx) recipients with kidney dysfunction. However, ERL dosing is challenging due to its narrow therapeutic window combined with high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of clinical and genetic factors on ERL dosing in a pilot cohort of 37 HTx recipients.MethodsVariants in CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8, POR, NR1I2, and ABCB1 were genotyped, and clinical data were retrieved from patient charts.ResultsWhile ERL trough concentration (C0) was within the targeted range for most patients, over 30‐fold variability in the dose‐adjusted ERL C0 was observed. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of the non‐functional CYP3A5*3 variant on the dose‐adjusted ERL C0 (p = 0.031). ERL dose requirement was 0.02 mg/kg/d higher in patients with CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype compared to patients with CYP3A5*3/*3 to reach the targeted C0 (p = 0.041). ERL therapy substantially improved estimated glomerular filtration rate (28.6 ± 6.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) in patients with baseline kidney dysfunction.ConclusionEverolimus pharmacokinetics in HTx recipients is highly variable. Our preliminary data on patients on a CNI‐free therapy regimen suggest that CYP3A5 genetic variation may contribute to this variability.
Prophylactic CMV therapy does not improve three‐yr patient and graft survival compared to preemptive therapy
Authors: Werzowa Johannes , Schwaiger Benedikt , Hecking Manfred , Strassl Robert , Schmaldienst Sabine , Böhmig Georg A. , Genser Bernd , Säemann Marcus D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite increasing evidence in favor of prophylactic valganciclovir treatment in kidney transplant recipients for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, the impact of preemptive vs. prophylactic treatment on long‐term clinical outcomes is unclear. In this retrospective study, 187 kidney transplant recipients with serologic intermediate‐risk constellation (recipient CMV IgG positive) received either preemptive or prophylactic treatment with valganciclovir. Patient survival (primary endpoint), graft survival, viremia rates, and other CMV‐related outcomes were analyzed. Prophylactic therapy reduced the rates for CMV viremia during the first year (hazard ratio: 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.75; p < 0.001). There was a trend for higher three‐yr patient mortality in the prophylactic group (hazard ratio: 5.08, 95% CI 0.62–41.3; p = 0.091), and the rate of graft loss was not reduced (hazard ratio: 0.93, 95% CI 0.32–2.68; p = 0.894). Estimated glomerular filtration rate over three yr was on average 6.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower in the prophylactic group (95% CI −11.68 to −1.81; p = 0.007) using a multivariate random effects model but showed more improvement over time. Prophylactic valganciclovir treatment reduced the rate of CMV infections during the first year post‐transplant but no effects of prophylactic treatment on patient and graft survival or kidney function over three yr were observed.
The use of special stains at two dermatopathology laboratories in East Africa
Authors: Kiprono S. , Muchunu J. , Beltraminelli H. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundHistopathology is often essential to establish an accurate diagnosis. Pathology laboratories are scarce in most Sub‐Saharan Africa where dermatopathology is a developing field. In resource‐poor countries, most specimens are analyzed only after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The availability of special stains is very limited and restricted to only few centers. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent of dermatopathological cases which can be adequately diagnosed after hematoxylin and eosin alone. Secondly, to investigate which cases required further special stains.MethodsAll skin specimens submitted to two University Hospitals (Tanzania and Kenya) were included in this study. All specimens were first analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin and a diagnosis established when possible. All cases in which an accurate diagnosis after hematoxylin and eosin only was not possible, were registered and evaluated after further special stains.ResultsA total of 386 specimens were examined. A proper histopathologic diagnosis with hematoxylin and eosin alone was possible in 344 (89.1%) samples. In 45 (11.6%) cases, mostly skin infections, further special stains were necessary.ConclusionA proper histopathologic diagnosis was possible after hematoxylin and eosin alone in almost 90% of the specimens submitted to the two laboratories in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Engaging the Experts in Museum Computing: Seven Years of Queries on MCN‐L
Authors: Marty Paul F. , Alemanne Nicole D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMCN‐L, an email listserv administered by the Museum Computer Network, is open to anyone interested in discussing information technology in museums and other cultural heritage organizations. To determine how MCN‐L meets the needs of museum information professionals, this study presents an analysis of more than 6,000 emails sent to the listserv over a seven‐year period (2004–2011). The results of this analysis indicate that MCN‐L adds value to the online community of museum information professionals by providing an online communication channel focused on professional outreach and expert support, backed up by specific examples drawn from personal experiences. MCN‐L's emphasis on personal expertise is a key characteristic that speaks to the listserv's lasting value to the museum community and has implications for researchers and practitioners as they consider the future of computer‐mediated communication for all museum professionals.
The DMI Design Value Scorecard: A New Design Measurement and Management Model
Authors: Westcott Michael , Sato Steve , Mrazek Deb , Wallace Rob , Vanka Surya , Bilson Carole , Hardin Dianne 
Published: October 2015

Our team of academics and design practitioners joined forces with Microsoft to come up with a useful scorecard that DMI members could use to assess design's impact and importance in their own organizations.Here's a way to assess the impact and value of design in your own organization, with a little help from DMI.
Appreciating the Complexity of Project Management Execution: Using Simulation in the Classroom
Authors: Hartman Nathan S. , Watts Charles A. , Treleven Mark D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAs the popularity and importance of project management increase, so does the need for well‐prepared project managers. This article discusses our experiences using a project management simulation in undergraduate and MBA classes to help students better grasp the complexity of project management. This approach gives students hands‐on experience with many facets in the project management life cycle and provides them with feedback on their performance as project managers. This article provides an overview of the simulation exercises, guidance for classroom integration, and evidence of effectiveness.
Response to erythropoietic‐stimulating agents in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Xicoy Blanca , Germing Ulrich , Jimenez María‐José , Garcia Olga , Garcia Regina , Schemenau Jeniffer , Pedro Carme , Luño Elisa , Bernal Teresa , González Bernardo , Strupp Corinna , Ardanaz Maite , Kuendgen Andrea , Cedena María‐Teresa , Neukirchen Judith , Calabuig Marisa , Brunet Salut , Medina Angeles , Amigo María‐Luz , Ramos Fernando , Callejas Marta , Díez‐Campelo María , Bailén Alicia , Collado Rosa , Vicente Ana , Arnan Montserrat , Valcarcel David , Arilla María Jesús , Zamora Lurdes , Benlloch Luis , Sanz Guillermo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of erythropoietic‐stimulating agents (ESA) in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is unknown. Our objective was to analyze erythroid response (ER) and overall survival (OS) in a series of 94 patients with CMML treated with ESA.MethodsWe analyzed a series of 94 patients with CMML treated with ESA included in the Spanish and Düsseldorf‐MDS registries.FindingsER was observed in 64% of patients and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence in 31%. The median duration of ER was 7 months (range, 0–88). CPSS and EPO level were significantly associated with ER in multivariate analysis (P = 0.003). Considering only patients with CPSS low‐ or intermediate‐1‐risk group, the absence of RBC transfusion dependence and erythropoietin (EPO) level predicted ER (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only the EPO level retained its prognostic value (P = 0.029). Achievement of ER correlated with a better survival since ER evaluation (P = 0.016).InterpretationThe CPSS and EPO levels are adequate tools to select CMML patients with symptomatic anemia who may benefit from treatment with ESA. A significant ER to ESA is expected in anemic patients with low/intermediate‐1 CMML risk by the CPSS and a low endogenous serum EPO level.