bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The radiological assessment of pelvic obliquity in cerebral palsy and the impact on hip development
Authors: Heidt C. , Hollander K. , Wawrzuta J. , Molesworth C. , Willoughby K. , Thomason P. , Khot A. , Graham H. K. 
Published: October 2015

Pelvic obliquity is a common finding in adolescents with cerebral palsy, however, there is little agreement on its measurement or relationship with hip development at different gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels. The purpose of this investigation was to study these issues in a large, population-based cohort of adolescents with cerebral palsy at transition into adult services. The cohort were a subset of a three year birth cohort (n = 98, 65M: 33F, with a mean age of 18.8 years (14.8 to 23.63) at their last radiological review) with the common features of a migration percentage greater than 30% and a history of adductor release surgery. Different radiological methods of measuring pelvic obliquity were investigated in 40 patients and the angle between the acetabular tear drops (ITDL) and the horizontal reference frame of the radiograph was found to be reliable, with good face validity. This was selected for further study in all 98 patients. The median pelvic obliquity was 4° (interquartile range 2° to 8°). There was a strong correlation between hip morphology and the presence of pelvic obliquity (effect of ITDL on Sharpe’s angle in the higher hip; rho 7.20 (5% confidence interval 5.59 to 8.81, p < 0.001). This was particularly true in non-ambulant adolescents (GMFCS IV and V) with severe pelvic obliquity, but was also easily detectable and clinically relevant in ambulant adolescents with mild pelvic obliquity. The identification of pelvic obliquity and its management deserves closer scrutiny in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1435–40.
Hexapod external fixator closed distraction in the management of stiff hypertrophic tibial nonunions
Authors: Ferreira N. , Marais L. C. , Aldous C. 
Published: October 2015

Tibial nonunion represents a spectrum of conditions which are challenging to treat, and optimal management remains unclear despite its high rate of incidence. We present 44 consecutive patients with 46 stiff tibial nonunions, treated with hexapod external fixators and distraction to achieve union and gradual deformity correction. There were 31 men and 13 women with a mean age of 35 years (18 to 68) and a mean follow-up of 12 months (6 to 40). No tibial osteotomies or bone graft procedures were performed. Bony union was achieved after the initial surgery in 41 (89.1%) tibias. Four persistent nonunions united after repeat treatment with closed hexapod distraction, resulting in bony union in 45 (97.8%) patients. The mean time to union was 23 weeks (11 to 49). Leg-length was restored to within 1 cm of the contralateral side in all tibias. Mechanical alignment was restored to within 5° of normal in 42 (91.3%) tibias. Closed distraction of stiff tibial nonunions can predictably lead to union without further surgery or bone graft. In addition to generating the required distraction to achieve union, hexapod circular external fixators can accurately correct concurrent deformities and limb-length discrepancies.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1417–22.
Combined local and systemic antibiotic delivery improves eradication of wound contamination
Authors: Rand B. C. C. , Penn-Barwell J. G. , Wenke J. C. 
Published: October 2015

Systemic antibiotics reduce infection in open fractures. Local delivery of antibiotics can provide higher doses to wounds without toxic systemic effects. This study investigated the effect on infection of combining systemic with local antibiotics via polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads or gel delivery.An established Staphylococcus aureus contaminated fracture model in rats was used. Wounds were debrided and irrigated six hours after contamination and animals assigned to one of three groups, all of which received systemic antibiotics. One group had local delivery via antibiotic gel, another PMMA beads and the control group received no local antibiotics. After two weeks, bacterial levels were quantified.Combined local and systemic antibiotics were superior to systemic antibiotics alone at reducing the quantity of bacteria recoverable from each group (p = 0.002 for gel; p = 0.032 for beads). There was no difference in the bacterial counts between bead and gel delivery (p = 0.62).These results suggest that local antibiotics augment the antimicrobial effect of systemic antibiotics. Although no significant difference was found between vehicles, gel delivery offers technical advantages with its biodegradable nature, ability to conform to wound shape and to deliver increased doses. Further study is required to see if the gel delivery system has a clinical role.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1423–7.
Outcome of lumbar spinal fusion surgery in obese patients
Authors: Lingutla K. K. , Pollock R. , Benomran E. , Purushothaman B. , Kasis A. , Bhatia C. K. , Krishna M. , Friesem T. 
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity affects pain, surgical and functional outcomes following lumbar spinal fusion for low back pain (LBP). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was made of those studies that compared the outcome of lumbar spinal fusion for LBP in obese and non-obese patients. A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no difference in the pain and functional outcomes. Lumbar spinal fusion in the obese patient resulted in a statistically significantly greater intra-operative blood loss (weighted mean difference: 54.04 ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.08 to 93.00; n = 112; p = 0.007) more complications (odds ratio: 1.91; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.18; n = 43858; p < 0.001) and longer duration of surgery (25.75 mins; 95% CI 15.61 to 35.90; n = 258; p < 0.001). Obese patients have greater intra-operative blood loss, more complications and longer duration of surgery but pain and functional outcome are similar to non-obese patients. Based on these results, obesity is not a contraindication to lumbar spinal fusion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1395–1404.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Murray D. W. , Liddle A. D. , Dodd C. A. F. , Pandit H. 
Published: October 2015

There is a large amount of evidence available about the relative merits of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA). Based on the same evidence, different people draw different conclusions and as a result, there is great variability in the usage of UKA. The revision rate of UKA is much higher than TKA and so some surgeons conclude that UKA should not be performed. Other surgeons believe that the main reason for the high revision rate is that UKA is easy to revise and, therefore, the threshold for revision is low. They also believe that UKA has many advantages over TKA such as a faster recovery, lower morbidity and mortality and better function. They therefore conclude that UKA should be undertaken whenever appropriate. The solution to this argument is to minimise the revision rate of UKA, thereby addressing the main disadvantage of UKA. The evidence suggests that this will be achieved if surgeons use UKA for at least 20% of their knee arthroplasties and use implants that are appropriate for these broad indications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):3–8.
Key Steps Influencing the Formation of Aluminosilicate Nanotubes by the Fluoride Route
Authors: Chemmi Atika , Brendle Jocelyne , Marichal Claire , Lebeau Benedicte 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImogolite is usually formed by means of a three-step process involving the use of large amounts of water with long crystallization times and low yields, preventing large-scale synthesis. These drawbacks can be overcome by synthesis in the presence of fluoride, an approach which has been demonstrated to be suitable for the synthesis of other phyllosilicates. In the present study, the nature of the Al and Si sources, the Al/Si molar ratio, the volume of H2O for the redispersion of the gel after desalination, the F/Si molar ratio, as well as the crystallization temperature and time have been varied to investigate their role in the crystallization of imogolite. The structural properties of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and 29Si, 27Al, and 19F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that the imogolite nanotubes can be prepared with high yields (>55%) from AlCl3·6H2O and Na4SiO4 aqueous solutions with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.5, addition of HF for a F/Si molar ratio of 0.1–0.2, and 4 days of crystallization at 98°C.
Clonotypic Light Chain Peptides Identified for Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma without Bone Marrow Aspiration
Authors: Bergen H Robert , Dasari Surendra , Dispenzieri Angela , Mills John R , Ramirez-Alvarado Marina , Tschumper Renee C , Jelinek Diane F , Barnidge David R , Murray David L 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Analytically sensitive techniques for measuring minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) currently require invasive and costly bone marrow aspiration. These methods include immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and next-generation sequencing. An ideal MM MRD test would be a serum-based test sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of Ig secreted from multifocal lesions.

METHODS
Patient serum with abundant M-protein before treatment was separated on a 1-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel, and the Ig light-chain (LC) band was excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed on a Q Exactive mass spectrometer by LC-MS/MS. We used the peptide's abundance and sequence to identify tryptic peptides that mapped to complementary determining regions of Ig LCs. The clonotypic target tryptic peptides were used to monitor MRD in subsequent serum samples with prior affinity enrichment.

RESULTS
Sixty-two patients were tested, 20 with no detectable disease by IHC and 42 with no detectable disease by 6-color flow cytometry. A target peptide that could be monitored was identified in 57 patients (91%). Of these 57, detectable disease by LC-MS/MS was found in 52 (91%).

CONCLUSIONS
The ability to use LC-MS/MS to measure disease in patients who are negative by bone marrow–based methodologies indicates that a serum-based approach has more analytical sensitivity and may be useful for measuring deeper responses to MM treatment. The method requires no bone marrow aspiration.
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing the Metabolism of Synthetic Cannabinoid THJ-018 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog THJ-2201 after Incubation in Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Diao Xingxing , Wohlfarth Ariane , Pang Shaokun , Scheidweiler Karl B , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite increasing prevalence of novel psychoactive substances, no human metabolism data are currently available, complicating laboratory documentation of intake in urine samples and assessment of the drugs' pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. In 2014, THJ-018 and THJ-2201, synthetic cannabinoid indazole analogs of JWH-018 and AM-2201, were identified, with the National Forensic Laboratory Information System containing 220 THJ-2201 reports. Because of numerous adverse events, the Drug Enforcement Administration listed THJ-2201 as Schedule I in January 2015.

METHODS
We used high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) (TripleTOF 5600+) to identify optimal metabolite markers after incubating 10 μmol/L THJ-018 and THJ-2201 in human hepatocytes for 3 h. Data were acquired via full scan and information-dependent acquisition triggered product ion scans with mass defect filter. In silico metabolite predictions were performed with MetaSite and compared with metabolites identified in human hepatocytes.

RESULTS
Thirteen THJ-018 metabolites were detected, with the major metabolic pathways being hydroxylation on the N-pentyl chain and further oxidation or glucuronidation. For THJ-2201, 27 metabolites were observed, predominantly oxidative defluorination plus subsequent carboxylation or glucuronidation, and glucuronidation of hydroxylated metabolites. Dihydrodiol formation on the naphthalene moiety was observed for both compounds. MetaSite prediction matched well with THJ-018 hepatocyte metabolites but underestimated THJ-2201 oxidative defluorination.

CONCLUSIONS
With HR-MS for data acquisition and processing, we characterized THJ-018 and THJ-2201 metabolism in human hepatocytes and suggest appropriate markers for laboratories to identify THJ-018 and THJ-2201 intake and link observed adverse events to these new synthetic cannabinoids.
Sociability and collective action in a Lisbon workingclass neighbourhood: The social representations of Alcântara in the early twentieth century
Authors: Vidal Frédéric 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the peripheral area of Alcântara became one of Lisbon’s most important industrial centres. Its economic development was accompanied by a massive growth in population. As this area became urbanized and industrialized, the representations of the neighbourhood also changed. Within a few decades, Alcântara ceased to be associated with the image of a remote suburb, a place that had no clearly defined boundaries or a space defined solely in terms of its industrial function. This article presents the Alcântara neighbourhood as a case study that helps us understand how collective practices shape new representations of city and urban life. The objective of this article is to analyse the role of a republican voluntary association – the Society for the Promotion of Popular Education (Promotora – Sociedade Promotora de Educação Popular) – in transforming the representations associated with the Alcântara neighbourhood in the early twentieth century. During this period, Promotora helped shape different levels of ‘collective representations’ of Alcântara; it also contributed to the formation of an authentic urban lifestyle at the neighbourhood level, drawing attention to people who represented the local community and speaking on their behalf.
Science and the public: Public participation and the new politics of PUS (II)1
Authors: Entradas Marta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article is the second of a two-part literature review on the evolution of the relationship between science and the public after the second half of the twentieth century. The first part presented a general review on public understanding of science (PUS), PUS measurements and what has motivated a shift from a deficit model to a contextual one. In this second part, we look more closely at the discussion around the role of the public in science and the transformation from the idea that lay people are isolated from science to the idea that the public should participate in policy-making on science and technology issues. In particular, we focus on the debate around who should and should not contribute to decision-making by presenting both the arguments in favour of and against public participation in science policy.
Oral health in relation to nutritional status, age and sex among 14-18 years children of Naraingarh, Haryana
Authors: Sharma Krishan , Kaur Harvinder 
Published: October 2015

Objective: To describe prevalence dental caries and to study the association between nutritional status and oral health based on various indices among adolescents from under privileged communities. Material and Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 196 apparently healthy children (104 males and 92 females) in the age range of 14 to 18 years belonging to under-privileged communities. Each subject was measured for height, body weight to assess nutritional status and clinically observed for various oral health traits like dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis. Results: Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (DMF) index was low among adolescent children; it was 0.48 in males and 0.93 in females. Prevalence of calculus was higher among females through all age groups, while prevalence of plaque was higher among males. Sex differences were significant only for plaque index and DMF index. The inadequacy of nutrition was not a major determinant for the observed magnitude of soft deposits, plaque and calculus indices except for Oral health status index and DMF index where higher magnitude of the indices were observed in underweight children than the normal. Conclusion: The inadequate nutritional status was not a major determinant of oral health indicating the general awareness of oral hygiene and its observance was a major factor. Females were more prone to dental caries than the males and the severity was also significantly higher in the former. KeywordsOral health; Nutritional status; BMI-for-age Z-scores; Periodontal health indices; Adolescence
Cobrahead Deformity in the Right Atrial Disc of a New-Generation Occlutech Figulla Flex II Atrial Septal Defect Occluder Device
Authors: Kilic Teoman , Ural Ertan , Sahin Tayfun 
Published: October 2015

Cobrahead deformity is a known (but uncommon) phenomenon associated with the left atrial disc of the Amplatzer or Occlutech Figulla septal occluder device during percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. It has also been postulated that the right atrial disc of the Amplatzer septal occluder device might upon occasion exhibit the cobrahead malformation. To date, only one case report concerning the cobrahead deformity in the right atrial disc of an Amplatzer septal occluder has been published, if we discount a report published as a letter to the manufacturer.
Here we present the first report (known to us) of a cobrahead deformity in the right atrial disc of an Occlutech Figulla Flex II atrial septal defect occluder device during transcatheter closure of a complex atrial septal defect.
Very Late Stent Thrombosis 11 Years after Implantation of a Drug-Eluting Stent
Authors: Liou Kevin , Jepson Nigel 
Published: October 2015

Very late stent thrombosis is an infrequent yet potentially fatal complication associated with drug-eluting stents. We report the case of an 88-year-old man who sustained an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 11 years after initial sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. Optical coherence tomograms of the lesion showed that the focal incomplete endothelialization of the stent struts was the likely cause; neointimal formation, neoatherosclerosis, and late stent malapposition might also have contributed.
To our knowledge, this is the longest reported intervening period between stent insertion and the development of an acute coronary event secondary to very late stent thrombosis. The associated prognostic and therapeutic implications are considerable, because they illuminate the uncertainties surrounding the optimal duration of antiplatelet therapy in patients who have drug-eluting stents. Clinicians face challenges in treating these patients, particularly when competing medical demands necessitate the discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. In addition to the patient's case, we discuss factors that can contribute to very late stent thrombosis.
Coronary Interventions before Liver Transplantation Might Not Avert Postoperative Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Snipelisky David F. , McRee Chad , Seeger Kristina , Levy Michael , Shapiro Brian P. 
Published: October 2015

Percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting may be performed before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to try to improve the condition of patients who have severe ischemic heart disease. However, data supporting improved outcomes are lacking.
We reviewed the medical records of 2,010 patients who underwent OLT at our hospital from 2000 through 2010. The 51 patients who underwent coronary artery angiography within 6 months of transplantation were included in this study: 28 had mild coronary artery disease, 10 had moderate disease, and 13 had severe disease. We compared all-cause and cardiac-cause mortality rates.
We found a significant difference in cardiac deaths between the groups (P <0.001), but none in all-cause death (P=0.624). Of the 10 patients who had moderate coronary artery disease, one underwent pre-transplant coronary artery bypass grafting. Of 13 patients with severe disease, 3 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and 6 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Overall, 50% of patients who underwent either intervention died of cardiac-related causes, whereas no patient died of a cardiac-related cause after undergoing neither intervention (P <0.0001).
We conclude that, despite coronary intervention, mortality rates remain high in OLT patients who have severe coronary artery disease.
Obata’s Rigidity Theorem for Metric Measure
Spaces
Authors: Ketterer Christian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We prove Obata’s rigidity theorem for metric measure spaces that satisfy a Riemannian curvaturedimension
condition. Additionally,we show that a lower bound K for the generalizedHessian of a sufficiently
regular function u holds if and only if u is K-convex. A corollary is also a rigidity result for higher order
eigenvalues.
A strategy learning model for autonomous agents based on classification
Authors: Śnieżyński Bartłomiej 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this paper we propose a strategy learning model for autonomous agents based on classification. In the literature, the most commonly used learning method in agent-based systems is reinforcement learning. In our opinion, classification can be considered a good alternative. This type of supervised learning can be used to generate a classifier that allows the agent to choose an appropriate action for execution. Experimental results show that this model can be successfully applied for strategy generation even if rewards are delayed. We compare the efficiency of the proposed model and reinforcement learning using the farmer-pest domain and configurations of various complexity. In complex environments, supervised learning can improve the performance of agents much faster that reinforcement learning. If an appropriate knowledge representation is used, the learned knowledge may be analyzed by humans, which allows tracking the learning process
A study on meme propagation in multimemetic algorithms
Authors: Nogueras Rafael , Cotta Carlos 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Multimemetic algorithms (MMAs) are a subclass of memetic algorithms in which memes are explicitly attached to genotypes and evolve alongside them. We analyze the propagation of memes in MMAs with a spatial structure. For this purpose we propose an idealized selecto-Lamarckian model that only features selection and local improvement, and study under which conditions good, high-potential memes can proliferate. We compare population models with panmictic and toroidal grid topologies. We show that the increased takeover time induced by the latter is essential for improving the chances for good memes to express themselves in the population by improving their hosts, hence enhancing their survival rates. Experiments realized with an actual MMA on three different complex pseudo-Boolean functions are consistent with these findings, indicating that memes are more successful in a spatially structured MMA, rather than in a panmictic MMA, and that the performance of the former is significantly better than that of its panmictic counterpart