bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of clinical presentations and endocrinological findings of patients with septo-optic dysplasia: a retrospective study
Authors: Cemeroglu Ayse Pinar , Coulas Tarin , Kleis Lora 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare condition with variable clinical pictures and spectrum of findings.: To analyze the spectrum of findings, frequency and age of onset of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions in children with SOD.A retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) chart review was done for patients with SOD seen in a tertiary care center’s pediatric endocrinology clinic between January 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014. The diagnostic criteria for SOD included presence of ≥2 of the following: (i) optic nerve hypoplasia, (ii) agenesis/hypoplasia of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum and (iii) hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.Eighty patients fitting the diagnostic criteria of SOD were included in this study. The majority of patients (96%) had optic nerve hypoplasia on magnetic resonance imaging and were diagnosed due to visual issues including nystagmus (36%) or strabismus (13.8%). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was most common (51%) when optic nerve hypoplasia was present with (36%) or without (15%) dysgenesis of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum compared to dysgenesis of septum pellucidum and/or corpus callosum alone (4%). Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was noted in 55% of patients, and most (86%) were diagnosed ≤2 years of age. Central hypothyroidism and growth hormone deficiency were most common followed by secondary/tertiary adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus.: The risk of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in SOD is highest ≤2 years of age and when both optic nerve hypoplasia and dysgenesis of septum pellucidum/corpus callosum are present, suggesting a need for more frequent follow-up and screening tests for hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in these patients.
Oral glucose tolerance test within the scope of prenatal care: Evaluation 2010–2012
Authors: Krendl Erich , Mustafa Maria Elisabeth 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background: General screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recommended in Austria since 2010. As a result of the guidelines, pregnant women are tested between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation with the 75 g/2 h-oral glucose tolerance test (75 g/2 h-OGTT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GDM in our laboratory retrospectively. Furthermore, we wanted to study the pattern of abnormal 1 h- and 2 h-glucose values from 75 g/2 h-OGTTs compared with fasting plasma glucose values. Further testing of GDM patients after delivery is recommended. As a result of this issue we analyzed all follow-up screening.

Methods: Standardized 75 g/2 h-OGTTs were assessed in 3963 pregnant women. The cut-off value for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is ε 5.1 mmol/L, for 1 h value ε 10.0 mmol/L, and for 2 h value ε 8.5 mmol/L. One or more abnormal values were considered as GDM, respectively.

Results: GDM was detected in 8.5% (n=335) of the tested pregnant women. Elevated FPG values were measured in 5.1% (n=201). These are 60% of all GDM patients. After delivery we analyzed 14 out of 335 GDM patients (4.2%) to reevaluate postpartum glucose tolerance with the standard OGTT (World Health Organization criteria).

Conclusions: GDM is a common disease, and in our study 8.5% of pregnancies were affected. When and how to screen is still a matter of discussion. One strategy to become more cost-effective is to use a two-step screening algorithm including FPG measurement and a risk estimation model. In postpartum follow-up, there is still considerable potential to reduce diabetes-associated illness and costs.
NMR spectroscopy – a modern analytical tool for serum analytics of lipoproteins and metabolites
Authors: Baumstark Daniela , Pagel Philipp , Eiglsperger Johannes , Pfahlert Volker , Huber Fritz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a modern analytical method which is extremely suitable for the analysis of various body fluids. In addition to small metabolite quantification, the method is capable of differentiated lipoprotein subfraction measurements. The technique can be well standardized and allows extensive automation and good sample throughput compared with lipoprotein fractionation via ultracentrifugation. Because all evaluated parameters are determined simultaneously in one measurement, this method is especially suitable for metabolomics approaches in which even subtle changes in metabolite ratios may be relevant. This review gives an overview of the current methods of NMR spectroscopy, analysis strategies, and practical applications in various studies concerning lipid analysis as well as metabolomics. Over the course of the past years, NMR spectroscopy has heavily evolved from a mere research method into a tool that can be expected to play an important role in routine diagnostic testing in the future.
Hjalmar Schacht, Enrico Mattei und Bayerns Anschluss an das Ölzeitalter
Authors: Scherpenberg Jens van 
Published: April 2015

Vorspann
Enrico Mattei und Hjalmar Schacht gehören zu den schillerndsten Figuren der europäischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der italienische „Erdöl- Korsar“ und der deutschnationale Finanzjongleur mit dem Ruf eines Zauberers hatten auf den ersten Blick wenig gemeinsam - hier der christdemokratische Kämpfer gegen den Faschismus, dort der ehemalige Bankier Hitlers. Doch sie einte nach 1949 die Überzeugung, Italien und die Bundesrepublik müssten eigene wirtschaftspolitische Akzente setzen, um insbesondere der Dominanz der Vereinigten Staaten etwas entgegensetzen zu können. Zu einem zentralen Feld der Auseinandersetzung entwickelte sich seit den späten 1950er Jahren die Ölpolitik, wobei Süddeutschland als Markt immer stärker in den Blick geriet. Jens van Scherpenberg zeichnet diesen Konflikt nach und fügt der Frühgeschichte des Erdölzeitalters der Bundesrepublik auf der Basis neuer Quellen ebenso neue Akzente hinzu wie der Biographie von Hjalmar Schacht.
Integrative network analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of blood pressure regulation
Authors: Huan Tianxiao , Meng Qingying , Saleh Mohamed A , Norlander Allison E , Joehanes Roby , Zhu Jun , Chen Brian H , Zhang Bin , Johnson Andrew D , Ying Saixia , Courchesne Paul , Raghavachari Nalini , Wang Richard , Liu Poching ,   The International Consortium for Blood Pressure GWAS (ICBP), O'Donnell Christopher J , Vasan Ramachandran , Munson Peter J , Madhur Meena S , Harrison David G , Yang Xia , Levy Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with blood pressure (BP). The molecular mechanisms underlying BP regulation, however, remain unclear. We investigated BP‐associated molecular mechanisms by integrating BP GWAS with whole blood mRNA expression profiles in 3,679 individuals, using network approaches. BP transcriptomic signatures at the single‐gene and the coexpression network module levels were identified. Four coexpression modules were identified as potentially causal based on genetic inference because expression‐related SNPs for their corresponding genes demonstrated enrichment for BP GWAS signals. Genes from the four modules were further projected onto predefined molecular interaction networks, revealing key drivers. Gene subnetworks entailing molecular interactions between key drivers and BP‐related genes were uncovered. As proof‐of‐concept, we validated SH2B3, one of the top key drivers, using Sh2b3−/− mice. We found that a significant number of genes predicted to be regulated by SH2B3 in gene networks are perturbed in Sh2b3−/− mice, which demonstrate an exaggerated pressor response to angiotensin II infusion. Our findings may help to identify novel targets for the prevention or treatment of hypertension.
β-cell dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes is associated with visceral adipose tissue distribution
Authors: Lekva Tove , Bollerslev Jens , Godang Kristin , Roland Marie Cecilie Paasche , Friis Camilla Margrethe , Voldner Nanna , Henriksen Tore , Ueland Thor 
Published: April 2015

ContextGlucose intolerance in pregnancy predicts an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate glucose metabolism in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 5 years follow-up and identify risk factors associated with disturbed glucose metabolism post-partum.DesignThis follow-up study included 300 consecutively enrolled women from a previous population-based cohort study. The participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test under pregnancy and in the follow-up study, in addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the follow-up study.ResultsFifty-two women (17.7%) were found to have GDM in pregnancy with an odds ratio of 4.8 developing prediabetes 5 years later. β-cell function, but not insulin resistance or sensitivity, was reduced in the follow-up study after adjusting for known risk factors. Furthermore, visceral fat content at follow-up was increased in GDM women compared to non-GDM women, and the β-cell function declined with increasing visceral fat in both groups but was more pronounced in the women with previous GDM.ConclusionsWomen with GDM are at increased risk of developing prediabetes and have a decreased β-cell function 5 years post-partum that is associated with increased visceral fat mass.
Mass spectrometry and immunoassay: how to measure steroid hormones today and tomorrow
Authors: Taylor Angela E , Keevil Brian , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe recent onslaught of mass spectrometry (MS) to measurements of steroid hormones, including demands that they should be the only acceptable method, has confused clinicians and scientists who have relied for more than 40 years on a variety of immunoassay (IA) methods in steroid hormone measurements. There is little doubt that MS methods with their superior specificity will be the future method of choice in many clinical and research applications of steroid hormone measurement. However, the majority of steroid measurements are currently, and will continue to be, carried out using various types of IAs for several reasons, including their technical ease, cost and availability of commercial reagents. Speedy replacement of all IAs with MS is an unrealistic and unnecessary goal, because the availability of MS measurements is limited by cost, need of expensive equipment, technical demands and lack of commercial applications. Furthermore, IAs have multiple well-known advantages that vindicate their continuing use. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the advantages and limitations of the MS and IA techniques from two angles, i.e. promotion of MS and defence of IA. The purpose of the text is to give the reader an unbiased view about the current state and future trends of steroid analysis and to help him/her choose the correct assay method to serve his/her diagnostic and research needs.
Risk and preventive factors for heat illness in radiation decontamination workers after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Kakamu Takeyasu , Hidaka Tomoo , Hayakawa Takehito , Kumagai Tomohiro , Jinnouchi Takanobu , Tsuji Masayoshi , Nakano Shinichi , Koyama Kikuo , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: April 2015

Risk and preventive factors for heat illness in radiation decontamination workers after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident: Takeyasu Kakamu, et al. Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of MedicineObjectiveThe aim of this study was to reveal factors related to heat illness in radiation decontamination workers and determine effective preventive measures.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was sent to 1,505 radiation decontamination workers. The questionnaire included age, sex, duration of decontamination work, previous occupation, education provided by employers regarding heat illness, preventive action against heat illness, and subjective symptoms of heat illness during work. We included 528 men, who replied and answered all questions, in the statistical analysis. Subjective symptoms of heat illness were categorized as “no symptoms”, “Grade I” and “Grade II” according to severity. A multiple linear regression model was used to determine the factors associated with the severity of heat illness.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 47.6 years old (standard deviation: 13.4). Of the 528 workers, 316 (59.8%) experienced heat illness symptoms (213 at Grade I and 103 at Grade II). The results of the stepwise selection revealed that age, outdoor manual labor, adequate sleep, use of a cool vest, and salt intake were selected as preventive factors, whereas living in a company dormitory or temporary housing, wearing light clothing, and consuming breakfast were selected as risk factors for heat illness.ConclusionsBoth working conditions and living environment are associated with heat illness in radiation decontamination workers. Type of housing and sleep are also strongly related to heat illness during work. Employers should consider not only the working conditions of the employee but also the employee's daily living conditions, in order to prevent heat illness.
Syncretism of the Puppet theatre / Sinkretizam lutkarskoga kazališta
Authors: Đerđ Zdenka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFor Luko Paljetak a theatre puppet is a special poetic expression which connects metaphors of an object, a picture and a tone – language and movement into one whole. That is the reason why Paljetak’s poems are at the same time visual events, polyphony and metaphor. They are not poetically sufficient results, but beginnings of a new set of meanings created in motion – movement, i.e. puppet animation. Paljetak’s poetry and essays on works of art have the same characteristics and he creates and uses the same procedures as when he is the director and/or writer of sketches/plays in the puppet theatre. They are: perceiving the obverse and reverse as one, a way to wholeness, the original whiteness, a polarisation of colour and non-colour, colourism, masks, collage, combining pictures and forms, ambiguities, dynamics of contact of extremes and opposites, simultaneous existence of reality and illusion, sadness and melancholy. When using the puppet theatre means of expression, Paljetak experiences, ponders about and questions the new place of man in space and time. The poetry of the theatre puppet and the puppet theatre is therefore an integral part of Paljetak’s poetry.Key words: character puppet animation; Paljetak L.; puppet play; stage; theatre puppet. ---SažetakZa Luka Paljetka kazališna je lutka osobit pjesnički izraz koji u cjelinu povezuje metafore predmeta, slike, tona – jezika i pokreta. Zbog toga su Paljetkove pjesme istodobno i vizualna događanja, i polifonije, i metafore. To nisu pjesnički dostatni ishodi, nego počeci novih značenja stvaranih u gibanju-pokretu, odnosno lutkarskoj animaciji. Tako se u Paljetkovoj poeziji i u esejima o likovnim djelima nalaze odlike, postupci koje autor kao redatelj i/ili pisac skica/igrokaza stvara, primjenjuje u lutkarskom kazalištu. To su: cjelovitost viđenja lica i naličja i put do cjelovitosti, prvotnost bjeline, polarizacija boje i neboje, kolorizam, maskiranje, kolažiranje, montiranje slika i oblika, dvosmislenosti značenja, dinamizam dodira krajnosti i suprotnosti, supostojanje zbilje i iluzije, tuge i sjete. Izražajnim sredstvima lutkarskoga kazališta Paljetak na osobit način doživljava, promišlja i propituje recentnu poziciju čovjeka u prostoru i vremenu. Stoga je poezija kazališne lutke, odnosno lutkarskoga kazališta, sastavnim dijelom Paljetkova pjesništva. Ključne riječi: animacija lika-lutke; kazališna lutka; lutkarski igrokaz; Paljetak L.; pozornica.
Survey of Collective Intelligence as Interdisciplinary Phenomenon / Istraživanje kolektivne inteligencije kao interdisciplinarnog fenomena
Authors: Soleša-Grijak Đurđa , Soleša Dragan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhile people have been talking about collective intelligence for decades, new communication technologies, particularly Web 2.0, allow now for huge numbers of people to work together in new ways. The great success of systems like Google and Wikipedia suggest that it is now the right time for their further development. The aim of this study was to determine which form of collective Web intelligence was used by young people through Web 2.0 applications. The sample (N=103) in this study comprised young people aged 20 to 30. The Evaluation scale of use of Web 2.0 applications was applied in this research. The results showed that young people use collective intelligence based on collaboration through Web 2.0 applications. Presenting the analysis of applications that are most frequently used, the paper suggests possible ways to use Web 2.0 in social learning in order to obtain the best effect in different types of environment.Key words: social learning; Web 2.0; youth.---SažetakDok ljudi već desetljećima govore o kolektivnoj inteligenciji, nove komunikacijske tehnologije, pogotovo Web 2.0 alati, sada već golemom broju korisnika omogućuju suradnički rad na mnoge načine. Velik uspjeh sustava poput Google-a i Wikipedije upućuje na činjenicu da je sada došao pravi trenutak za njihovo daljnje unapređenje. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je odrediti koje oblike kolektivne web-inteligencije koriste mladi primjenom Web 2.0 alata. Uzorak (N=103) u ovom istraživanju činili su mladi u dobi od 20 do 30 godina. U istraživanju je primijenjena Skala za procjenu korištenja Web 2.0 alata. Rezultati su pokazali da mladi upotrebljavaju kolektivnu inteligenciju koja se temelji na suradnji putem Web 2.0 aplikacija. Prikazom analize aplikacija koje se najčešće koriste, ovaj rad daje prijedloge mogućih načina upotrebe Web 2.0 alata u društvenom učenju kako bi se ostvario najbolji učinak u različitim vrstama okoline. Ključne riječi: društveno učenje; mladi; Web 2.0.
Survival Disparities by Insurance Type for Patients Aged 15–64 Years With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background.
New treatment options and supportive care measures have greatly improved survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but may not be affordable for those with no insurance or inadequate insurance.

Methods.
Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we estimated overall and cause-specific survival according to insurance status within 3 years after diagnosis of patients diagnosed with NHL in the U.S. in the period 2007–2011. Because NHL is a heterogeneous condition, we also examined survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Results.
Survival was higher for patients with non-Medicaid insurance compared with either uninsured patients or patients with Medicaid. For patients with any NHL, the 3-year survival estimates were 68.0% for uninsured patients, 60.7% for patients with Medicaid, and 84.9% for patients with non-Medicaid insurance. Hazard ratios (HRs) for uninsured and Medicaid-only patients compared with insured patients were 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76–2.10) and 2.51 (95% CI: 2.36–2.68), respectively. Results were similar for patients with DLBCL, with survival estimates of 68.5% for uninsured patients (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.57–2.02), 58%, for patients with Medicaid (HR: 2.42; 95% CI: 2.22–2.64), and 83.3% for patients with non-Medicaid insurance. Cause-specific analysis showed survival estimates of 80.3% for uninsured patients (HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.62–2.05), 77.7% for patients with Medicaid (HR: 2.23; 95% CI: 2.05–2.42), and 90.5% for patients with non-Medicaid insurance.

Conclusion.
Lack of insurance and Medicaid only were associated with significantly lower survival for patients with NHL. Further evaluation of the reasons for this disparity and implementation of comprehensive coverage for medical care are urgently needed.
Non‐Invasive Periodontal Probing Through Fourier‐Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mota Cláudia C.B.O. , Fernandes Luana O. , Cimões Renata , Gomes Anderson S.L. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial and infectious disease that may result in significant debilitation. The aim of this study is to exploit two optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems operating in the Fourier domain at different wavelengths, 930 and 1,325 nm, for structural analysis of periodontal tissue in porcine jaws.Methods: Five fresh porcine jaws were sectioned and stored in formalin before OCT analysis. Two‐ and three‐dimensional OCT images of the tooth/gingiva interface were performed, and measurements of the gingival structures were obtained. The 930‐nm OCT system operates in the spectral domain, whereas the 1,325‐nm system is a swept‐source model. Stereomicroscope images, the gold standard, were used for direct comparison.Results: Through image analysis, it is possible to identify the free gingiva and the attached gingiva, the calculus deposition over tooth surfaces, and the subgingival calculus that enables the enlargement of the gingival sulcus. In addition, the gingival thickness and the gingival sulcus depth can be non‐invasively measured, varying from 0.8 to 4 mm.Conclusions: Regarding the ability of the two OCT systems to visualize periodontal structures, the system operating at 1,325 nm shows a better performance, owing to a longer central wavelength that allows deeper tissue penetration. The results with the system at 930 nm can also be used, but some features could not be observed due to its lower penetration depth in the tissue.
Beyond the Cross-Sectional: Neighborhood Poverty Histories and Preterm Birth
Authors: Margerison-Zilko Claire , Cubbin Catherine , Jun Jina , Marchi Kristen , Fingar Kathryn , Braveman Paula 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between longitudinal neighborhood poverty trajectories and preterm birth (PTB). Methods. Using data from the Neighborhood Change Database (1970–2000) and the American Community Survey (2005–2009), we categorized longitudinal trajectories of poverty for California neighborhoods (i.e., census tracts). Birth data included 23 291 singleton California births from the Maternal and Infant Health Assessment (2003–2009). We estimated associations (adjusted for individual-level covariates) between PTB and longitudinal poverty trajectories and compared these to associations using traditional, cross-sectional measures of poverty. Results. Compared to neighborhoods with long-term low poverty, those with long-term high poverty and those that experienced increasing poverty early in the study period had 41% and 37% increased odds of PTB (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 1.69 and 1.09, 1.72, respectively). High (compared with low) cross-sectional neighborhood poverty was not associated with PTB (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.91, 1.28). Conclusions. Neighborhood poverty histories may contribute to an understanding of perinatal health and should be considered in future research.