bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Moon Jung , Kim Mi Jeung , Kim Ho Sung , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo identify risk factors associated with open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population.DesignRetrospective, population‐based, case‐control study.ParticipantsBetween 2009 and 2010, among participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 17 901), subjects between 19 and 39 years of age were included.MethodsParticipants had structured interviews systemic and ophthalmic examination. Glaucoma was diagnosed using the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria.Main Outcome MeasuresThe risk factors for open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure were analyzed using univariate and multivariate comparisons.ResultsEighty open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure patients and 4015 controls were included. In the univariate analysis, the patient group was more likely to have higher fasting plasma glucose (98.04 ± 33.16 vs. 89.74 ± 12.65, P < 0.001) and higher proportion of fasting capillary glucose ≥200 mg/dL (P < 0.001) than the control. Multivariate analysis found that high myopia (odds ratio, 3.54 [95% confidence interval, 1.34–9.39], P = 0.011), fasting capillary glucose ≥200 mg/dL (odds ratio, 12.65 [95% confidence interval, 2.63–60.94], P = 0.002) and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.99], P = 0.015) were associated with an increased risk of having open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure.ConclusionsHigh myopia, fasting capillary glucose level ≥200 mmol/L and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level were significant risk factors for open‐angle glaucoma with normal baseline intraocular pressure in a young Korean population.
Maxillary sinus grafting with autograft vs. fresh frozen allograft: a split‐mouth histomorphometric study
Authors: Xavier Samuel P. , Dias Rafael R. , Sehn Felipe P. , Kahn Adrian , Chaushu Liat , Chaushu Gavriel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSurgical techniques as sinus floor augmentation have made it possible to increase the bone volume of the posterior maxilla so that implant placement may be feasible. A large variety of bone grafting materials have been utilized for sinus floor augmentation. A good alternative is allograft. Fresh frozen bone is harvested from live or cadaveric donors and then immediately frozen and stored at −80°C. To date, studies about the effect of fresh frozen bone are scarce.ObjectiveEvaluation of new bone formation, following maxillary sinus grafting with autograft vs. fresh frozen allograft.Materials and methodsA split‐mouth edentulous design including 15 patients was used. Sinus floor augmentation was carried out using either autogenous bone harvested from the ramus area or fresh frozen bone from allogeneic femoral heads. The choice was determined randomly, using a randomized table. The grafted sinus was left to heal for 6 months. Biopsies were harvested from the lateral wall. The biopsies were used for bone histology and histomorphometric analysis. After collection of the biopsy, dental implants were placed. After a healing period of 6 months, the implants were loaded.ResultsImplant survival, histology, and histomorphometry of sinuses grafted with autogenous or fresh frozen bone were similar. The new bone formation took place predominantly around and in‐between particles.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study support the use of fresh frozen bone allografts for sinus floor augmentation.
Unsplinted implants and teeth supporting maxillary removable partial dentures retained by telescopic crowns: a retrospective study with >6 years of follow‐up
Authors: Frisch Eberhard , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Wenz Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesData regarding tooth‐ and implant‐supported maxillary removable partial dentures (TIRPDs) are scarce. The objective of this research was to perform a retrospective evaluation of the clinical long‐term outcome of maxillary TIRPDs rigidly retained via telescopic crowns in patients undergoing supportive post‐implant therapy (SIT).Material and MethodsThe inclusion criteria were met by 26 patients restored with maxillary TIRPDs between 1997 and 2011 in a private practice. Primary crowns (Marburg double crowns, MDCs) on teeth were cemented, whereas those on implants were screw‐retained. Using patient records and data from a cross‐sectional clinical examination in 2013, the survival rates of the teeth, implants and prostheses, together with the biological and technical complications, were analyzed.ResultsAfter 6.12 ± 3.80 (range: 2−16) years of loading, 23 non‐smoking patients with 23 dentures supported by 60 implants and 66 teeth were available for assessment. Nine teeth (survival rate: 86.36%) were lost, whereas 1 implant (survival rate: 98.36%) failed because of peri‐implantitis. Although 30 implants (50%) in 16 patients (69.57%) showed bleeding on probing (BOP+), no further peri‐implantitis was observed. The mean peri‐implant probing depth (PPD) was 3.68 ± 0.71 mm. All dentures were functional and required technical maintenance efforts amounting to 0.128 treatments per patient per year (T/P/Y).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, we conclude that TIRPDs retained via MDCs may represent a viable treatment option for patients with residual maxillary teeth.
Robust Support Vector Machines with Low Test Time
Authors: Forghani Yahya , Sadoghi Yazdi Hadi 
Published: April 2014

The robust support vector machines (RoSVM) for ellipsoidal data is difficult to solve. To overcome this difficulty, its primal form has been approximated with a second‐order cone programming (SOCP) called approximate primal RoSVM.In this article, we show that the primal RoSVM is equivalent to an SOCP and name it accurate primal RoSVM. The optimal weight vector of this model is not sparse necessarily. The sparser the weight vector, the less time the test phase takes. Hence, to reduce the test time, first, we obtain its dual form and then prove the sparsity of its optimal solution. Second, we show that some parts of the optimal decision function can be computed in the training phase instead of the test phase. This can decrease the test time further. However, training time of the dual model is more than that of the primal model, but the test time is often more critical than the training time because the training is often an off‐line procedure while the test procedure is performed online.Experimental results on benchmark data sets show the superiority of the proposed models.
Surface characterization and osteoblast response to a functionally graded hydroxyapatite/fluoro‐hydroxyapatite/titanium oxide coating on titanium surface by sol–gel method
Authors: He G. , Guo B. , Wang H. , Liang C. , Ye L. , Lin Y. , Cai X. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo improve efficacy of current titanium and its alloys, in bioactivity and speed of osseointegration, of orthopaedic implants.Materials and methodsA novel triple‐layered functional graded coating, consisting of a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) outermost layer, fluoro‐HA (FHA) intermediate layer and titanium oxide (TiO2) innermost layer, was created on a titanium substrate by a multistep sol–gel method. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed TiO2 anatase and apatite crystallization in the coating.ResultsMorphological analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy showed excellent bonding between coating and substrate, with a thickness of ~2 μm. Scratch testing found favourable adhesion strength of the composite coating. In addition, optical microscope images suggested good biocompatibility. Considering thet in vitro cell response, osteoblasts on the coating exhibited higher cell proliferation and ALP activity compared to pure titanium and HA coating, and demonstrated excellent coating bioactivity.ConclusionsCurrent results indicated that the novel TiO2/FHA/HA coating has promising clinical applications in orthopaedic and dental implantation.
Opioid‐related mortality and filled prescriptions for buprenorphine and methadone
Authors: Wikner Birgitta N. , Öhman Inger , Seldén Tor , Druid Henrik , Brandt Lena , Kieler Helle 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo assess opioid‐related mortality and correlation with filled prescriptions for buprenorphine and methadone.Design and MethodsA register study, including data from the Swedish Forensic Pathology and Forensic Toxicology databases 2003–2010, the Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register.ResultsA total of 1301 deaths, assessed as related to buprenorphine, methadone or heroin, or a combination of them, were studied. The largest number of fatalities was related to intake of heroin (n = 776), followed by methadone (n = 342) and buprenorphine (n = 168). The total annual number of fatal cases related to the studied drugs more than doubled (116 to 255) during the study period. There were increases in mortality related to both buprenorphine and methadone: from 1 to 49 cases for buprenorphine, and from 19 to 81 cases for methadone. Only one‐fifth of the fatal cases had a filled prescription for the maintenance drug assessed as the cause of death.Discussion and ConclusionThis study showed that most fatalities were not related to filled prescriptions of maintenance drugs, and a substantial illicit use of buprenorphine and methadone resulting in deaths was revealed. To prevent opioid toxicity deaths it is important to make efforts not only to reduce drug diversion from maintenance programs, but also to improve the control of drug trafficking and other illegal sources. [Wikner BN, Öhman I, Seldén T, Druid H, Brandt L, Kieler H. Opioid‐related mortality and filled prescriptions for buprenorphine and methadone. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:491–498]
Delayed vasodilation is associated with cardiovascular risk
Authors: Irace Concetta , Padilla Jaume , Carallo Claudio , Scavelli Faustina , Gnasso Agostino 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundFlow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery is widely used to assess cardiovascular risk. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the kinetics of vasodilation in an attempt to better characterize the endothelial function. Here, we investigated whether FMD magnitude and/or latency are most related to individual cardiovascular risk.Materials and methodsFour hundred subjects were recruited. Individual risk prediction was estimated by Framingham cardiovascular risk score and CUORE project calculator. Subjects were divided into Early dilators (peak FMD at 50 s), Late dilators (peak FMD over 50 s) and No dilators.ResultsCardiovascular risk was highest in No dilators and significantly higher in Late than Early dilators despite comparable peak FMD. When divided according to peak FMD quintiles, Early and Late dilators showed decreased cardiovascular risk with increasing magnitude of vasodilation. However, subjects in the first three quintiles of Late dilators had a markedly higher risk score despite a peak vasodilation similar to that of Early dilators.ConclusionThese results suggest that the magnitude of the FMD and its latency are both important for identifying patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Subjects with a delayed though significant vasodilation associated with a blunted early response exhibit the highest cardiovascular risk.
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of succession: effects of habitat age and season on an aquatic insect community
Authors: MURRELL EBONY G. , IVES ANTHONY R. , JULIANO STEVEN A. 
Published: April 2014

1. Classic studies of succession, largely dominated by plant community studies, focus on intrinsic drivers of change in community composition, such as inter‐specific competition and changes to the abiotic environment. They often do not consider extrinsic drivers of colonisation, such as seasonal phenology, that can affect community change.2. Both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of succession for dipteran communities that occupy ephemeral pools, such as those in artificial containers were investigated. By initiating communities at different times in the season and following them over time, the relative importance of intrinsic (i.e. habitat age) versus extrinsic (i.e. seasonal phenology) drivers of succession were compared.3. Water‐filled artificial containers were placed in a deciduous forest with 20 containers initiated in each of 3 months. Containers were sampled weekly to assess community composition. Repeated‐measures mixed‐effects analysis of community correspondence analysis (CA) scores enabled us to partition intrinsic and extrinsic effects on succession. Covariates of temperature and precipitation were also tested.4. Community trajectories (as defined byCA) differed significantly with habitat age and season, indicating that both intrinsic and extrinsic effects influence succession patterns. Comparisons of Akaike Information Criteria corrected for sample sizes (AICcs) showed that habitat age was more important than season for species composition. Temperature and precipitation did not explain composition changes beyond those explained by habitat age and season.5. Quantification of relative strengths of intrinsic and extrinsic effects on succession in dipteran and other ephemeral communities enables us to disentangle processes that must be understood for predicting changes in community composition.
Developmental mortality increases sex‐ratio bias of a size‐dimorphic bark beetle
Authors: LACHOWSKY LEANNA E. , REID MARY L. 
Published: April 2014

1. Given sexual size dimorphism, differential mortality owing to body size can lead to sex‐biased mortality, proximately biasing sex ratios. This mechanism may apply to mountain pine beetles, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, which typically have female‐biased adult populations (2 : 1) with females larger than males. Smaller males could be more susceptible to stresses than larger females as developing beetles overwinter and populations experience high mortality.2. Survival of naturally‐established mountain pine beetles during the juvenile stage and the resulting adult sex ratios and body sizes (volume) were studied. Three treatments were applied to vary survival in logs cut from trees containing broods of mountain pine beetles. Logs were removed from the forest either in early winter, or in spring after overwintering below snow or after overwintering above snow. Upon removal, logs were placed at room temperature to allow beetles to complete development under similar conditions.3. Compared with beetles from logs removed in early winter, mortality was higher and the sex ratio was more female‐biased in overwintering logs. The bias increased with overwinter mortality. However, sex ratios were female‐biased even in early winter, so additional mechanisms, other than overwintering mortality, contributed to the sex‐ratio bias. Body volume varied little relative to sex‐biased mortality, suggesting other size‐independent causes of male‐biased mortality.4. Overwintering mortality is considered a major determinant of mountain pine beetle population dynamics. The disproportionate survival of females, who initiate colonisation of live pine trees, may affect population dynamics in ways that have not been previously considered.
Bumble bee workers drift to conspecific nests at field scales
Authors: ZANETTE LORENZO R. S. , MILLER SOPHIE D. L. , FARIA CHRISTIANA M. A. , LOPEZ‐VAAMONDE CARLOS , BOURKE ANDREW F. G. 
Published: April 2014

1. Workers in several bee species travel to conspecific nests (‘drifting’), enter them, and produce male offspring inside them, so acting as intra‐specific social parasites. This adds a new dimension to bees' reproductive behaviour and spatial ecology, but the extent to which drifting occurs over field scales, i.e. at natural nest densities in field conditions, has been unclear.2. Using the bumble bee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus) as a model system, we sought to determine rates of worker drifting at field scales and the frequency of potential drifter workers in wild nests.3. A field experiment with 27 colonies showed that workers travelled to, and became accepted in, conspecific nests that were up to 60 m away, although the number of accepted drifter workers within nests fell significantly with distance. The rate at which nests were entered by drifters was relatively high and significantly exceeded the rate at which drifters became accepted.4. Microsatellite genotyping of eight field‐collected nests from Greater London, U.K., showed that a low frequency (3%) of workers were not full sisters of nestmate workers and hence were likely to have been drifter workers.5. It is therefore concluded that workers can drift to conspecific nests over field scales and confirmed that successful drifting occurs in natural populations. Drifting appears to be a natural but low‐frequency behaviour permitting B. terrestris workers to gain direct fitness.
How to Pay Envious Managers – a Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Crummenerl Marc , Doll Tilmann , Koziol Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses how envy affects the decisions of competing managers and their optimal stock‐based compensation from the perspective of shareholder value. We consider a typical framework in which managers can induce effort to reduce production costs and make decisions regarding production volume. At first glance, envy between managers from competing firms appears to be an unfavorable characteristic because it does not align the interests of managers with those of shareholders. However, our model finds that envy is a powerful incentive mechanism. The model yields three key findings: (i) envious managers outperform self‐interested managers, (ii) firms optimally hire envious managers, and (iii) shareholders do not grant any stock‐based compensation to envious managers.
The Legitimacy of New Risk Governance—A Critical View in Light of the EU's Approach to Nanotechnologies in Food
Authors: Ehnert Tanja 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe objective of this article is to draw attention to legitimacy concerns raised by tendencies in EU risk regulation to supplement legislation with alternative regulatory options that are commonly captured under the umbrella term of ‘new governance’. To this end, the risk regulation of nanotechnologies in food serves as an empirical test case. The rise of nanotechnologies affects various societal actors and constitutes a highly controversial development due to the persistence of scientific uncertainties. To reach a compromise in the legislative process is, given the contradicting knowledge claims, a contentious and time‐consuming undertaking. This article, hence, shows that controversial decisions are not necessarily taken through the legislature—the European Parliament and the Council—but are settled, outside the political arena, in guidance documents or via non‐legislative acts. This article argues, relying on an understanding of legitimacy borrowed from Habermas and Scharpf, that despite ‘new governance’ ambitions in this direction the legitimacy of these measures is at best controversial.
Sedative and mechanical hypoalgesic effects of butorphanol in xylazine‐premedicated donkeys
Authors: Lizarraga I. , Castillo‐Alcala F. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyCombinations of α2‐adrenoceptor and opioid agonists are commonly used in equids, but little scientific information is available on donkeys.ObjectivesTo compare the sedative and hypoalgesic effects of xylazine alone or in combination with different dosages of butorphanol in donkeys.Study designPlacebo‐controlled, operator‐blinded, randomised, crossover, Latin square study.MethodsSix donkeys received intravenous normal saline and normal saline (NS‐NS); xylazine (0.5 mg/kg bwt) and normal saline (X‐NS); xylazine and 10 μg/kg bwt butorphanol (X‐B10); xylazine and 20 μg/kg bwt butorphanol (X‐B20); xylazine and 30 μg/kg bwt butorphanol (X‐B30); and xylazine and 40 μg/kg bwt butorphanol (X‐B40). Sedation scores (SS), head height above ground (HHAG) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) were assessed before and for 120 min after treatment. Areas under the curve (AUC) values for 0–30, 30–60 and 60–120 min were computed forSS,HHAGandMNT. As appropriate, differences between treatments were analysed using the Friedman test followed byDunn's test and a repeated measures one‐way analysis of variance followed byTukey's test; significance was set at P<0.05.ResultsAll treatments apart fromNS‐NSinduced sedation. Butorphanol treatments induced significantly largerSS‐AUC0–30values than those forNS‐NS(P<0.05). Compared to correspondingNS‐NSvalues,HHAG‐AUC0–30values were significantly smaller for all other treatments (P<0.001) andHHAG‐AUC30–60values were significantly smaller forX‐B40(P<0.05). Compared toNS‐NS, all treatments induced mechanical hypoalgesia and yielded significantly largerMNT‐AUC0–30values (P<0.001). TreatmentX‐NSyielded significantly smallerMNT‐AUC0–30values than those forX‐B30andX‐B40(P<0.05). OnlyMNT‐AUC30–60values forX‐B30andX‐B40were significantly larger than those forNS‐NSandX‐NS(P<0.05).ConclusionsSedation and mechanical hypoalgesia induced by xylazine were enhanced by butorphanol at 40 μg/kg bwt. This drug combination may be suitable for chemical restraint of donkeys undergoing certain clinical procedures.
Single‐ and multiple‐dose tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the CRTH2 antagonist setipiprant in healthy male subjects
Authors: Sidharta Patricia N. , Diamant Zuzana , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T helper (Th) 2 cells (CRTH2) is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a key mediator in inflammatory disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this study, we investigated the single‐ and multiple‐dose tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of setipiprant, an orally active, potent, and selective CRTH2 antagonist. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was performed in two parts in healthy male subjects. In study Part A, single oral doses of up to 2000 mg setipiprant or placebo were given to sequential groups of eight subjects each. Additionally, the impact of food on the PKs was investigated in one‐dose group. In study Part B, two groups of subjects received 500 or 1000 mg setipiprant or placebo b.i.d. during 5.5 days. At regular intervals, tolerability variables and plasma and urine levels of setipiprant were determined. Setipiprant was well tolerated after single‐ and multiple‐dose administration. Headache was the most frequently reported adverse event. No treatment effect on tolerability variables was observed. After single‐ and multiple‐dose administration, setipiprant was rapidly absorbed and followed a biphasic elimination pattern with an elimination half‐life between 10 and 18 h. Steady‐state conditions were reached after 2–3 days and setipiprant did not accumulate. Exposure to setipiprant was lower in the presence of food. Urinary excretion of unchanged setipiprant did not exceed 7% of the administered dose. In this entry‐into‐human study, setipiprant showed good tolerability and a favorable PK profile, thus warranting its development in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.