bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infinium Monkeys: Infinium 450K Array for the Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Ong Mei-Lyn , Tan Peck Yean , MacIsaac Julia L , Mah Sarah M , Buschdorf Jan Paul , Cheong Clara Y , Stunkel Walter , Chan Louiza , Gluckman Peter D , Chng Keefe , Kobor Michael S , Meaney Michael J , Holbrook Joanna D 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip Array (Infinium 450K) is a robust and cost-efficient survey of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque) is an important disease model; however, its genome sequence is only recently published, and few tools exist to interrogate the molecular state of Cynomolgus macaque tissues. Although the Infinium 450K is a hybridization array designed to the human genome, the relative conservation between the macaque and human genomes makes its use in macaques feasible. Here, we used the Infinium 450K array to assay DNA methylation in 11 macaque muscle biopsies. We showed that probe hybridization efficiency was related to the degree of sequence identity between the human probes and the macaque genome sequence. Approximately 61% of the Human Infinium 450K probes could be reliably mapped to the Cynomolgus macaque genome and contain a CpG site of interest. We also compared the Infinium 450K data to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing data generated on the same samples and found a high level of concordance between the two independent methodologies, which can be further improved by filtering for probe sequence identity and mismatch location. We conclude that the Infinium 450K array can be used to measure the DNA methylome of Cynomolgus macaque tissues using the provided filters. We also provide a pipeline for validation of the array in other species using a simple BLAST-based sequence identify filter.
Genetic Control of Heterochrony in Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Hudson Corey J , Freeman Jules S , Jones Rebecca C , Potts Brad M , Wong Melissa M L , Weller James L , Hecht Valérie F G , Poethig R Scott , Vaillancourt René E 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A change in the timing or rate of developmental events throughout ontogeny is referred to as heterochrony, and it is a major evolutionary process in plants and animals. We investigated the genetic basis for natural variation in the timing of vegetative phase change in the tree Eucalyptus globulus, which undergoes a dramatic change in vegetative morphology during the juvenile-to-adult transition. Quantitative trait loci analysis in an outcross F2 family derived from crosses between individuals from a coastal population of E. globulus with precocious vegetative phase change and individuals from populations in which vegetative phase change occurs several years later implicated the microRNA EglMIR156.5 as a potential contributor to this heterochronic difference. Additional evidence for the involvement of EglMIR156.5 was provided by its differential expression in trees with early and late phase change. Our findings suggest that changes in the expression of miR156 underlie natural variation in vegetative phase change in E. globulus, and may also explain interspecific differences in the timing of this developmental transition.
Reflections of a food studies researcher: Connecting the community-university-policy divide….becoming the hyphens!
Authors: Frank Lesley 
Published: May 2014

This narrative presents refections on the role of the food studies researcher from the prespective of a new academic with a background in community and policy work. It details a multi-phased, mixed methods case study on the public policy relations of infant food insecurity in Canada and provides a discussion of some unintentional outcomes of doing food studies research. The author suggests that an integrative approach, one where the researcher bridges the micro-effects of public policy with policy making realms, is ideally suited to food studies and food policy analysis. The narrative reveals how a researcher can become the hyphens in the community—university—policy divide through the process of storytelling.
Do trade agreements substantially limit development of local / sustainable food systems in Canada?
Authors: MacRae Rod 
Published: May 2014

A common view in policy and business circles is that certain elements of trade agreements (General Agreement on Tariff and Trade rules, the World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture, and the North American Free Trade Agreement) and the Canadian Agreement on Internal Trade significantly limit the policy and program instruments available to support the development of local/sustainable food systems. This exploratory textual analysis of select trade articles, filtered through a local/sustainable lens, suggests that Canadian governments can put in place more substantial policy and program drivers without triggering trade disputes. Of particular note is that local/sustainable foods may not be considered equivalent to imported conventional ones, and therefore many provisions of the trade agreements may not be applicable. Equally important, the rules do permit certain kinds of support, there are numerous exemptions and thresholds for application of measures, and many current actors in local/sustainable implementation may not be subject to the agreements. Based on this textual analysis, pertinent instrument design features are proposed that would allow governments and other parties to support local/sustainable food systems without triggering trade disputes.
Duration of Protection After Infant Hepatitis B Vaccination Series
Authors: Middleman Amy B. , Baker Carol J. , Kozinetz Claudia A. , Kamili Saleem , Nguyen Chi , Hu Dale J. , Spradling Philip R. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about duration of protection after the infant primary series of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine in settings of low HB endemicity. This study sought to determine the proportion of adolescents immunized as infants who had protective titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) before and after a challenge dose of vaccine.

METHODS:
US-born 16- through 19-year-olds who received a recombinant HB vaccine 3-dose series initiated within 7 days of birth (group 1) or at ≥4 weeks of age (group 2) and completed by 12 months of age were enrolled. Participants had serologic testing before and 2 weeks after randomization to receive a challenge dose of 10 µg or 20 µg of Engerix-B. Baseline and postchallenge levels of anti-HBs were compared by group, challenge dosage, and demographic and behavioral characteristics.

RESULTS:
At baseline, 24% had protective anti-HBs levels of ≥10 IU/mL; 92% achieved protective levels after challenge dose. Although group 1 had a lower proportion of seroprotection at baseline, group and challenge dosage were not associated with postchallenge proportion of seroprotection. Being in group 2, higher test dosage, higher baseline geometric mean titer, and nonwhite race were associated with significantly higher geometric mean titer after challenge dose.

CONCLUSIONS:
More than 90% of study participants immunized against HB as infants exhibited a seroprotective response to a challenge dose of vaccine. Duration of protection from the primary infant HB vaccine series extended through the adolescent years in the setting of low HB endemicity.
Follow-up Formula Consumption in 3- to 4-Year-Olds and Respiratory Infections: An RCT
Authors: Li Fei , Jin Xingming , Liu Bryan , Zhuang Weihong , Scalabrin Deolinda 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE:Children are vulnerable to diet inadequacies, which may affect immune function. Our objective was to determine if a follow-up formula (FUF) containing DHA, the prebiotics PDX and GOS, and yeast β-glucan affects incidence of respiratory infections and diarrheal disease in healthy children.METHODS:In a double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective trial, 3-4 year old children were fed 3 servings per day of either a FUF with 25 mg DHA, 1.2 g PDX/GOS, and 8.7 mg yeast β-glucan per serving or an unfortified, cow’s milk-based beverage (control) for 28 weeks. Fecal and blood samples were collected to assess immune markers and iron/zinc status. Incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrheal disease, and antibiotic treatment were obtained from medical records.RESULTS:The FUF group had fewer episodes and shorter duration of ARI (mean days [SE]; control = 4.3 [0.2]; FUF = 3.5 [0.2]; P = .007), less antibiotic use (n [%]; control = 21 [14%]; FUF = 8 [5%]; P = .01), and fewer missed days of day care due to illness. No diarrheal disease was diagnosed in either group. The FUF group had higher interleukin-10 and white blood cell count at the end of the study. There were no differences in hemoglobin, serum ferritin and zinc, or fecal secretory immunoglobulin A.CONCLUSIONS:Daily consumption of a FUF was associated with fewer episodes and shorter duration of ARI, as well as less antibiotic use. The children who consumed the FUF had increased interleukin-10 and white blood cells, suggesting an antiinflammatory mechanism and/or an increase of effector immune cells.
Distinct Developmental Trends in Sleep Duration During Early Childhood
Authors: Magee Christopher A. , Gordon Ross , Caputi Peter 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Sleep is important to child development, but there is limited understanding of individual developmental patterns of sleep, their underlying determinants, and how these influence health and well-being. This article explores the presence of various sleep patterns in children and their implications for health-related quality of life.METHODS:Data were collected from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants included 2926 young children followed from age 0 to 1 years to age 6 to 7 years. Data on sleep duration were collected every 2 years, and covariates (eg, child sleep problems, maternal education) were assessed at baseline. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct longitudinal patterns of sleep duration and significant covariates. Linear regression examined whether the distinct sleep patterns were significantly associated with health-related quality of life.RESULTS:The results identified 4 distinct sleep duration patterns: typical sleepers (40.6%), initially short sleepers (45.2%), poor sleepers (2.5%), and persistent short sleepers (11.6%). Factors such as child sleep problems, child irritability, maternal employment, household financial hardship, and household size distinguished between the trajectories. The results demonstrated that the trajectories had different implications for health-related quality of life. For instance, persistent short sleepers had poorer physical, emotional, and social health than typical sleepers.CONCLUSIONS:The results provide a novel insight into the nature of child sleep and the implications of differing sleep patterns for health-related quality of life. The findings could inform the development of effective interventions to promote healthful sleep patterns in children.
Controlled Release of Natural Polyphenols in Oral Cavity Using Starch Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Wang Min S. , Chaudhari Amol , Pan Yuanjie , Young Stephen , Nitin Nitin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to determine the potential use of starch Pickering emulsion as a vehicle to deliver a natural phenolic compound, curcumin in the oral cavity. To this end, an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was prepared using starch molecules as the stabilizer/emulsifier. The physical stability, oxygen permeability and release of curcumin from the starch Pickering emulsion in simulated saliva fluid (SSF) were determined. The results of this study showed that the starch stabilized o/w emulsions were stable for up to 2 weeks. The starch Pickering emulsion also provided better protection against oxidation than a surfactant-stabilized emulsion, and the digestion of the starch Pickering emulsion using amylase led to the complete disruption and phase separation of the emulsion.
Study of a Functional Polymorphism in the PER3 Gene and Diurnal Preference in a Colombian Sample
Authors: Perea Claudia S , Niño Carmen L , López-León Sandra , Gutiérrez Rafael , Ojeda Diego , Arboleda Humberto , Camargo Andrés , Adan Ana , Forero Diego A 
Published: May 2014

Polymorphisms in human clock genes have been evaluated as potential factors influencing circadian phenotypes in several populations. There are conflicting results for the association of a VNTR in the PER3 gene and diurnal preference in different studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between diurnal preference and daytime somnolence with the PER3 VNTR polymorphism (rs57875989) in healthy subjects from Colombia, a Latin American population.A total of 294 undergraduate university students from Bogotá, Colombia participated in this study. Two validated self-report questionnaires, the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and the Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) were used to assess diurnal preference and daytime somnolence, respectively. Individuals were genotyped for the PER3 VNTR using conventional PCR. Statistical comparisons were carried out with PLINK and SNPStats programs.
The PER3 VNTR polymorphism was not associated with either diurnal preference or daytime somnolence in this population. No significant differences in mean scores for those scales were found between PER3 VNTR genotypes. In addition, there were no differences in allelic or genotypic frequencies between chronotype categories. This is consistent with several negative findings in other populations, indicating that the proposed influence of this polymorphism in diurnal preference, and related endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric importance, needs further clarification. This is the first report of molecular genetics of human circadian phenotypes in a Spanish-speaking population.
Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Elevated Lactate Concentrations in Metformin Users With Renal Impairment: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Eppenga Willemijn L. , Lalmohamed Arief , Geerts Arjen F. , Derijks Hieronymus J. , Wensing Michel , Egberts Antoine , De Smet Peter A.G.M. , de Vries Frank 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with metformin in patients with renal impairment is associated with a higher risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations compared with users of a noninsulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) who had never used metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 223,968 metformin users and 34,571 diabetic patients who had never used metformin were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).The primary outcome was defined as either a CPRD READ code lactic acidosis or a record of a plasma lactate concentration &gt;5 mmol/L. The associations between renal impairment, dose of metformin, and the risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations were determined with time-dependent Cox models and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs).

RESULTS
The crude incidence of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations in current metformin users was 7.4 per 100,000 person-years (vs. 2.2 per 100,000 person-years in nonusers). Compared with nonusers, risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations in current metformin users was significantly associated with a renal function &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted HR 6.37 [95% CI 1.48–27.5]). The increased risk among patients with impaired renal function was further increased in users of ≥730 g of metformin in the preceding year (adjusted HR 11.8 [95% CI 2.27–61.5]) and in users of a recent high daily dose (&gt;2 g) of metformin (adjusted HR 13.0 [95% CI 2.36–72.0]).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study is consistent with current recommendations that the renal function of metformin users should be adequately monitored and that the dose of metformin should be adjusted, if necessary, if renal function falls below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Partial resection of the hyoid apparatus during surgical treatment of ectopic thyroid carcinomas in dogs: 5 cases (2011–2013)
Authors: Milovancev Milan , Wilson David M. , Monnet Eric , Seguin Bernard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To assess perioperative findings and postoperative complications and outcomes in dogs that had ectopic thyroid carcinomas with invasion into the hyoid apparatus and underwent tumor excision with partial hyoidectomy.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—5 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that had an ectopic neuroendocrine tumor with invasion into the hyoid apparatus and underwent tumor excision with partial hyoidectomy were reviewed for information regarding perioperative and postoperative findings and outcome. During surgery in each case, the thyrohyoid and ceratohyoid or epihyoid bones (depending on degree of hyoid apparatus involvement) were sharply transected, allowing en bloc removal of the tumor. The ipsilateral cut ends of the thyrohyoid and ceratohyoid or epihyoid bones (depending on which was cut) were sutured together with polypropylene suture in a simple interrupted pattern.
Results—All partial hyoidectomy procedures were completed without surgical or anesthetic complications. All 5 dogs were able to eat and drink between 7 and 24 hours after surgery, with no signs of dysphagia, ptyalism, or abnormal tongue carriage. Follow-up information was obtained over a period of 173 to 587 days after surgery for all 5 dogs; 4 dogs were still alive at last follow-up. One dog was euthanized 587 days after surgery because of lethargy, inappetence, and hypercalcemia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—From this limited series of cases, results suggested that partial resection of the hyoid apparatus during removal of ectopic thyroid carcinoma may be tolerated well and be associated with very good functional outcomes in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014;245:1319–1324)
Metric Characterizations of Superreflexivity in Terms of Word Hyperbolic Groups and Finite Graphs
Authors: Ostrovskii Mikhail 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe show that superreflexivity can be characterized in terms of bilipschitz embeddability of word hyperbolic groups.We compare characterizations of superrefiexivity in terms of diamond graphs and binary trees.We show that there exist sequences of series-parallel graphs of increasing topological complexitywhich admit uniformly bilipschitz embeddings into a Hilbert space, and thus do not characterize superrefiexivity.
Individual and Organizational Approaches to Overcoming Stress
Authors: Šarotar-Žižek Simona , Treven Sonja , Čančer Vesna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Stress greatly affects not only people but also organizations. Therefore it is very important to prevent and manage stress and at the same time maintain well-being of employees. This paper presents two main groups of approaches: the organizational and the individual ones, with which individuals (managers/employees) can manage stress.
The paper also presents the results of the empirical research on stress, which was conducted among managers and employees in Slovenian organizations in 2011. The analysis shows which individual and organizational approaches to overcoming stress are most commonly used. The highest percentage of employees implement the following techniques of individual approaches: physical activity, followed by eating healthy food and getting a massage. However, the research results about organizational approaches show that the highest attention was devoted to organization of work and the lowest to physical activities, stimulated by the firm. Furthermore, intergenerational adaptation is not widely used to prevent and overcome stress.
Impact of IFRS on Accounting Data – Gray Index of Conservatism Applied to Some European Listed Companies
Authors: Istrate Costel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The Gray index of conservatism (also called index of comparability) is a good instrument to assess differences between two or more sets of accounting standards. We use this index to measure the impact of the compulsory application of IFRS in Europe, in 2005. The sample contains data from almost 600 companies listed on Euronext markets in 2005 (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, and Paris). The paper analyzes some accounting figures such as equity, net income, leverage, return on equity and return on assets. The results confirm that former Belgian, French, and Portugal GAAP were more conservative than IFRS. In some cases, for all the countries the IFRS numbers seem to be much less conservative.
Defining the Public Interest in Relation to the Accountancy Profession: Some Perspectives
Authors: Ardelean Alexandra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Confidence in accounting is conditional to justifying the legitimacy of the accountancy profession. To reinforce this confidence, IFAC issued a framework whose applicability is proposed to be verified through three criteria: a cost benefit analysis, adherence to democratic principles and processes, as well as the respect of cultural and ethical diversity. Hereby we analyzed the comments issued and found out that the complexity of the public interest notion makes it difficult to define, given its international reach. However, such a framework constitutes a step further to reinforcing the public's confidence. We conducted a complex analysis and pointed out the relevant aspects regarding the axiom of public interest, arguing that the commitment to society is the highest responsibility of the profession. As a conclusion, since accountants have a responsibility to protect the public interest while striving to progress with the interests of the profession, a concession between the two is indispensable.
Searching for A Restraint on the European Leviathan
Authors: Patonov Nikolay Andonov 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on the government size in the European Union member states. The Two-Stage Least squares procedure is applied on the panel data for the period 2000-2010. The regression model which is constructed includes the total amount of government tax revenue as a dependent variable. The revenue and expenditure variable for fiscal decentralization are put as main explanatory variables. The empirical results support the theoretical assumptions for the restrictive influence of the revenue decentralization as well as the increasing effect of the expenditure decentralization on the government intrusion into economy measured via the amount of tax revenue.
Examining Eurozone Crisis and Unemployment Relationship Using Var Models
Authors: Dapontas Dimitrios 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This work examines the relationship between the Eurozone crisis and unemployment. We deploy distributed lag model using two binary (Crisis and crisis in another country) along with three (Government spending to GDP, Labor freedom, and urbanization) variables working as a long term factors applied on a six countries set (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain respectively) spanning the period January1995-May 2012 in order to explain the unemployment change using VAR models on monthly data in contrast to longer frequency analyses. This innovative approach is determining the optimal lag length between unemployment and crises determining the time between turbulence and its effect to unemployment. The results show that optimal lag varies among two and eight months. Two variables seem to have negative effect on unemployment (Government spending to GDP, labor freedom) and one positive (urbanization).