bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes in a Bentonite Buffer Under High Temperature
Authors: Samarakoon R. A. , Zheng L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes within a bentonite buffer are important for the performance of the Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in a deep geological repository for nuclear waste. The THM behavior of Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) with high-level radioactive waste cannisters have been extensively studied for temperatures up to 150 °C. Recent research has been focused on investigating the behavior of the bentonite buffer at high temperatures (150 – 200 °C) which is motivated by expanding the data and knowledge base for confidence building. This study presents the ongoing HotBENT field test at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. The field test consists of 4 heaters placed in series with target temperatures ranging from 175 - 200 °C in a granite tunnel. A 2-D numerical model was developed considering a cross section around Heater 1 which was maintained at 200 °C. Coupled thermal, hydrological and mechanical processes within the barrier system are modeled using the TOUGH-FLAC simulator. The model considers material zones for bentonite, concrete floor, excavation damaged zone and granitic host rock. The simulated results were compared with field test results for temperature, relative humidity and pore water pressure and the impact of thermal and hydrological parameters on the buffer performance was evaluated. The initial modeling results provide an insight into the behavior of the bentonite buffer at high temperatures.

1. INTRODUCTION
Multibarrier deep geological repositories are preferred worldwide for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. This multibarrier system will typically consist of a metal cannister containing the waste placed within a suitable host rock. The space between the cannister and the host rock is filled with bentonite. Bentonite is chosen as a backfill material for its favorable properties including low hydraulic conductivity and high swelling potential. The Engineered Barrier System (EBS) which consists of the waste cannister and the backfill material, is subjected to elevated temperatures from radioactive decay and fluid inflow from the surrounding rock. The heat transfer through the buffer also results in thermally induced excess pore water pressures and moisture flow through diffusion. As a result of these processes, the buffer material undergoes mechanical deformation through swelling and/or shrinkage. Understanding these strongly coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes within the bentonite is crucial when designing a safe and efficient repository.
Data-Driven Rock Mechanics Parameter Calculation Through the Integration of EPBP and OSDU: A Case Study
Authors: Wang Hanqing , Han Meng , Zhang Xiaobin , Kang Xiaomei , Bai Zhimin , Meng Jin , Zhang Dongwei , Zhou Yujie , Ye Tianrui , Chang Ji , Wang Han , Xiao Yitian , Sun Xudong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
To bridge the gap between data and its application, the Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute and the Schlumberger Digital and Integration Group combined the capabilities of Sinopec's Exploration and Exploration Business Cooperation Platform (EPBP) and the Open Underground Data Universe (OSDU) for data governance in a private cloud infrastructure. To test the viability from data to application, rock mechanics parameters were derived from the direct standardization of both single well and seismic data. An exclusive application programming interface (API) was formulated, facilitating the automated data transition and from EPBP to OSDU. Consequently, the standard data is seamlessly extracted from OSDU for processing and subsequent computational applications. It underscores the potential for a consolidated approach to data standards, platforms, and service interfaces. This synergistic combination of EPBP, serving as the comprehensive data source for various data samplings, with OSDU, the vanguard for data quality assurance, emerges as a powerful tool. This integrated method performs 15% better on average in computation efficiency than standard rock mechanics parameter calculations. Impressively, the maximum error margin remains confined below 10%. It not only pioneers a novel methodology for calculating rock mechanics parameters but also lays the groundwork for future strategies in data management.

1. INTRODUCTION
Rock mechanical parameters, encompassing both elastic (e.g., Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and strength metrics (e.g., tensile strength and internal friction angle), serve as the nexus between geological and engineering reservoir sweet spots. These parameters are indispensable for simulating reservoir stress fields, understanding fracture dynamics, and pinpointing the engineering sweet spot (Mas Ivars et al., 2011). Their influence spans multiple disciplines, including drilling design, oil and gas development, and completion reconstruction.
Studying the determinants of rock mechanics in target formations allows for a more nuanced understanding of stress characteristics, providing a robust theoretical foundation for further exploration in the field (Zhu et al., 2020). While experimentation remains the gold standard for ascertaining rock mechanics parameters, its limitations—high costs, time consumption, and specific depth constraints—often relegate it to a calibration role.
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Geomechanical Behavior for Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments
Authors: Rao M. S. , Wani S. , Kandasami R. K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Alternative energy sources, such as methane gas hydrates, lie between renewable energy and conventional hydro-carbon fuels in terms of clean energy resources. The global abundance of methane hydrate reserves has generated interest in harnessing the energy without affecting the environment. The mechanical response of hydrate-bearing sediments depends on hydrate morphology, which exerts a profound influence on sediment behavior under various loading conditions. The present study experimentally investigates the mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, peak stress, and dilative behavior of methane hydrate-bearing specimen (MHBS), with a specific focus on the influence of densification caused by hydrate formation by comparing it with the host sand. It is observed that for MHBS, there is an increase in stiffness and a higher dilative response when compared with host sand. Additionally, this study utilizes one of the advanced critical state-based constitutive models, i.e., the Hierarchical Single-Surface Methane Hydrate (HISS-MH) model, to evaluate the model's performance in predicting the densification effect caused due to the presence of hydrates. After obtaining the model parameters, a comparison is made between the single-point integrated model predictions and experimental results. The deviatoric stress with axial strain predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results, while the dilative response is slightly underpredicted. This comparative study will offer vital insights into the mechanics of gas hydrate sediments.

1 INTRODUCTION
Methane gas hydrates are translucent crystalline compounds formed by entrapping methane gas within a cage-like structure formed by water molecules (Li et al., 2023; Wani et al., 2023a). They are predominantly found in deep marine sediments and permafrost regions, where high pressure and low temperatures facilitate stable conditions for their formation. One cubic meter of gas hydrate decomposition yields 164 cubic meters of methane gas and 0.8 cubic meters of water (Demirbas, 2010; Makogon and Omelchenko, 2013). Typically, the methane hydrate has high energy density i.e., nearly twice the carbon atoms compared to conventional fossil fuel (Wani et al., 2023b, 2022). Furthermore, methane gas hydrates are characterized by a relatively low carbon footprint, contributing less to the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming compared to conventional fossil fuels (Ma and Xu, 2021). Thus, it represents a promising source of relatively clean and efficient unconventional fossil energy. With larger reserves and wider distribution around the world, the natural gas hydrates have the potential to mitigate the global energy shortage.
Managing Risks Associated with Mining Through the Wendy Stopes at the Candelaria Open Pit Mine
Authors: Ruest Marc , Campos Jaime 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Several open pit operations around the world have mined through abandoned underground mine workings by careful design and strict mining protocols. In early 2024, operations at the Candelaria Open Pit Mine in the Atacama Region of Chile also successfully developed the Phase 11 pushback benches through four large open stopes without incident. What is unique about the Candelaria scenario is the size of the open stopes in question with spans exceeding 46 m wide and Hydraulic Radii exceeding 14.5 m. The Wendy Stopes were mined following an underground, open stope method and as is the current mining practice at Candelaria, they were not filled on completion creating a mining challenge for the open pit operation.
Because of the size of the stope voids, backfilling was required by means of vertical shafts constructed through an engineered temporary crown pillar. Engineering and stability analyses for the crown pillar included both empirical and numerical design methods with results compared against a defensible acceptance criterion. The shafts were constructed following a Vertical Crater Retreat blasting sequence. State of the art monitoring systems were employed for all stages of mining to provide information on actual stope volumes, blasting performance and crown pillar behavior. Strict mining protocols and mining risk management systems were implemented during execution to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
The presentation provides details on all aspects of the project from the risk assessment and consultation process, engineering and stability analysis, development of operational protocols, monitoring systems, then execution and tactical risk management both on surface and underground.
The Role of Major Geological Features in the Planning, Development, and Operation of Panel Cave Mines
Authors: Campbell Ryan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Given their importance to resource and reserve estimation, major geological features are typically well-defined during the exploration stages of a project. While contact zones and regional to minescale fault systems commonly appear in planning studies, the appropriate integration of such features is more complex; particularly where safety, productivity, and capital allocation are impacted. At PT Freeport Indonesia, several large underground panel caves have experienced both positive and negative outcomes through planned and unplanned interactions with major geological features. Valuable lessons have been learned on characterization, empirical and numerical analyses, mine design, sequencing, preconditioning, and production themes. The role of major geological features in undercut front navigation and cave shaping represents areas of recent focus.
Rocks, Data, Algorithms: A Roadmap for Practical Machine Learning Adoption in Rock Engineering
Authors: Morgenroth Josephine 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Recent advancements in sensor technologies, computing and data storage, and accessibility to commercial AI tools has resulted in an increase in machine learning in rock engineering research. Many researchers have been able to demonstrate data-driven algorithms that have the potential to transform rock engineering paradigms. These studies include developing ML for predicting geology with high accuracy, forecasting rock bursts in high stress environments, and decreasing the computational time needed to update complex numerical models.
Despite the potential shown in the research literature, machine learning (ML) has not yet crossed the threshold into practical use in rock engineering. This delay in adoption can be seen as an opportunity to standardize ML development in rock engineering to avoid some of the common pitfalls that can result in erroneous or nonsensical predictions, prior to widespread adoption. Namely, typical rock engineering projects suffer from three primary problems that will affect the trust rock engineers have in using ML:
1) Biased/poor quality data resulting in biased ML models
2) Insufficient data quantity resulting in unreliable ML models
3) Misunderstanding the trained ML model resulting in opaque rock engineering decisions
This presentation will highlight the source of these methodological issues by illustrating them with examples and will discuss possible strategies to avoid them when applying ML to rock engineering.
Response to Movement Within an Open-Cut Rock Face: Case Study from Ottawa Light Rail Project, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crockford Anna M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
The Kiewit Eurovia Vinci (KEV) Partnership are currently designing and building the Ottawa Stage 2 LRT Project. The project includes a new 27 km LRT extension of the Confederation Line and includes 3.4 km of cut and cover tunnels and significant highway widening and structures scope. Brierley Associates supported KEV by providing temporary support of excavation system designs for various segments of the open-cut trench excavation through soils and rock. The rock along the project alignment consisted of layered limestone, dolostones and shale beds with predominantly subvertical and subhorizontal jointing. Based on the site investigation top of rock data, it was assumed that several faults would cross the alignment although they were not mapped. Given the rock mass conditions within the project area, a spot bolting rock support system was implemented for the vertical rock cuts in combination with regular rock face mapping and monitoring.
Along one segment of the alignment, a large sub-vertical fault was exposed below the installed soldier pile and lagging shoring. During excavation, rock conditions and monitoring data indicated a potential rock slope instability in the vicinity of the fault along one wall of the excavation. The survey, engineering and contractor teams responses were coordinated to mitigate the risks to the project and personnel. Sequence of events, response successes and lessons learned are presented.
Presentación: Investigación en Relaciones Públicas / Presentation: Public Relations Research
Authors: Almansa-Martínez Ana , Ruiz-Mora Isabel 
Published: August 2024

Hace diez años, un grupo de personas comenzamos esta ilusionante aventura de publicar la Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas. El principal objetivo de la publicación era y es convertirse en la plataforma en la que investigadores e investigadoras puedan publicar y difundir sus trabajos. Este sigue siendo hoy nuestro compromiso.En estos diez años hemos visto crecer la disciplina. Se han creado nuevos estudios de posgrado vinculados a las Relaciones Públicas y la profesión goza cada vez de mayor reconocimiento. Hoy, cualquier organización que se precie debe satisfacer las necesidades de comunicación de sus públicos. Las crisis vividas en este tiempo, incluida la COVID-19, han servido para que se evidencia le importancia de las Relaciones Publicas en todo tipo de entidades.Una década después presentamos el número 21 que, fiel a su cita semestral, presenta contenidos diversos de investigación en Relaciones Públicas. Ese hemos querido que sea, precisamente, su título.El número reúne a un buen número de investigadores e investigadoras de España, México, Argentina y, especialmente, Brasil. Artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués.AbstractTen years ago, a group of us began the exciting adventure of publishing the International Journal of Public Relations. The main objective of the publication was and is to become the platform where researchers can publish and disseminate their work. This continues to be our commitment today.In these ten years we have seen the discipline grow. New postgraduate studies related to Public Relations have been created and the profession enjoys increasing recognition. Today, any self-respecting organization must satisfy the communication needs of its public. The crises experienced during this time, including COVID-19, have served to highlight the importance of Public Relations in all types of organizations.A decade later, we present the 21st issue, which, faithful to its biannual appointment, presents diverse contents of research in Public Relations. That is precisely what we wanted its title to be.The issue brings together a good number of researchers from Spain, Mexico, Argentina and, especially, Brazil. Articles published in Spanish, English and Portuguese.
El uso de las herramientas digitales por parte de los bancos. El caso de la imagen en Internet de Banco Santander y BBVA en época de crisis/ The Use of Digital Tools by Banks. The Case of Banco Santander and BBVA’s Image on Internet in Times of Crisis
Authors: Ruiz Iniesta Cristina 
Published: August 2024

ResumenEste estudio trata de analizar cómo comunican las principales entidades bancarias españolas a sus públicos externos a través de internet con el objetivo de establecer una relación más cercana y directa con ellos para cambiar la mala imagen que tienen de ellas el público en general y más en el contexto de crisis económica en el que se encuentra España hoy en día.El hecho de poder crear una comunidad y establecer diálogos más personales con el público en general a través de internet supone una oportunidad para las entidades financieras de acercarse a su público e intentar transmitir una imagen más positiva tanto a sus clientes como a la sociedad española en general.Palabras clave: comunicación online, entidades financieras, herramientas digitalesAbstractThis research analyzes how the main spanish financial institutions communicate with their publics online in order to establish a closer an direct relationship with them with de aim of changing the bad image that the general public has of them, especially in the socioeconomic context in wich Spain is today.Being able to create a community and establish personal dialogues with the public online provides an opportunity for financial institutions to be closer to their audience and try to send a more positive image for both: their customers and spanish society in general.Keywords: online communication, financial institutions, digital tools Este estudio trata de analizar cómo comunican las principales entidades bancarias españolas a sus públicos externos a través de internet con el objetivo de establecer una relación más cercana y directa con ellos a pesar de la mala imagen que tienen de ellas el público en general y más en el contexto de crisis económica en el que se encuentra España hoy en día.El hecho de poder crear una comunidad y establecer diálogos más personales con el público en general a través de internet supone una oportunidad para las entidades financieras de acercarse a su público e intentar transmitir una imagen más positiva tanto a sus clientes como a la sociedad española en general.
Increasing power and taking a lead - What are practitioners really doing? Empirical evidence from European communications managers / Incrementar el poder y asumir el liderazgo - ¿Qué hacen realmente los profesionales? Evidencias empíricas sobre los gestor
Authors: Moreno Ángeles , Verhoeven Piet , Tench Ralph , Zerfass Ansgar 
Published: August 2024

The aims of the paper and presented research are to monitor trends in communication management and to evaluate specific topics that include decision-making style, leadership style, role enactment and the power of communication departments in Europe. This paper is based on data from the European Communication Monitor (ECM) annual research, the most comprehensive analysis of communication management worldwide. The ECM is an annual research project conducted since 2007. The ECM 2011 collected quantitative data through an on-line survey from 2,209 participating professionals from 43 European countries, with representation of every European region. This paper presents original connections about previous theory and offers empirical evidences about vertical and horizontal power of communication departments into organizations. On despite of the limitations of a self-reported survey, these evidences open new directions or research on hierarchical and social dimensions of power. The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the power of communication management in organizations. Concretely, the paper aims to develop knowledge and understanding about horizontal and vertical power and the relationships established between these dimensions of power and strategic roles, decision-making and leadership styles that communicators play. The paper presents original ideas by critiquing and re-focussing the literature and theory of power and leadership in organizations. The paper also presents new empirical data to support these arguments.
Pemanfaatan Bodyscrub dari Eco-Enzyme dan Ekstrak Daun Ketumbar
Authors: Dahlan Hatta , Farahiyah Rozanah , Saputra Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Bodyscrub merupakan produk kecantikan yang sangat bermanfaat untuk mengangkat sel-sel kulit mati. Penumpukan limbah rumah tangga seperti kulit buah dan sayur dapat bermanfaat jika diolah menjadi eco-enzyme. Eco-enzyme sendiri merupakan produk hasil fermentasi dari limbah buah-buahan dan sayuran yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi bodyscrub yang terbaik dari variasi 80%, 50%, dan 20% eco-enzyme, 9 gram, 8 gram, 7 gram asam stearat; 0,5 gram; 1 gram; 1,5 gram ekstrak daun ketumbar, dan 1,5 gram; 2,5 gram; 3,5 gram biji apricot. Dilakukan pengujian yaitu uji pH, uji organoleptik, uji daya sebar, uji homogenitas, dan uji iritasi. Hasil pengujian pH didapatkan hasil 6,7-7,1 dan daya sebar terbaik yaitu sampel X3 sebesar 4,275 cm. Pengujian iritasi terbukti tidak munculnya gejala eritema dan edema. Setelah uji coba didapatkan penggunaan 9 gram asam stearat menghasilkan sediaan bosyscrub yang paling kental. Pemakaian biji apricot terbaik yaitu 3,5 gram untuk 50 gram sediaan karena saat diaplikasikan bulir nya tidak terlalu kasar dan teksturnya paling baik. Kesimpulannya bahwa formula Z3 dengan 9 gram asam stearat dan 3,5 gram biji apricot memiliki formula terbaik karena teksturnya yang paling kental dan pas ketika diaplikasikan ke kulit, serta tidak membuat iritasi.
Reflections
Authors: Quain David 
Published: August 2024

This issue of Reflections reports the latest update of ‘citation impact’ metrics for the Journal. The two year ‘Impact Factor’ has dropped marginally from 2.6 to 2.4 whereas the four year CiteScore has jumped from 4.8 to 6.2. These metrics capture the average citation per paper over time. With the Impact Factor this reflects a range of of citations over two years from 11 to none! Pleasingly, the publication KPIs that segment the process are showing encouraging signs of tightening, especially the previously problematic ‘time to create/edit pdf’. Changing tack, ‘appearances matter’. In this case, the cover for the ‘new’ Journal has been the fixed image used during the Wiley years. This has been replaced with a new cover image differentiated by colour to reflect the four issues by season. In terms of content, this issue contains three research papers and a major review from Evan Evans and colleagues on innovation and efficiency in malting.