bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Standing or Walking at a Workstation on Cognitive Function
Authors: Bantoft Christina , Summers Mathew J. , Tranent Peter J. , Palmer Matthew A. , Cooley P. Dean , Pedersen Scott J. 
Published: September 2015

Objective: In the present study, we examined the effect of working while seated, while standing, or while walking on measures of short-term memory, working memory, selective and sustained attention, and information-processing speed. Background: The advent of computer-based technology has revolutionized the adult workplace, such that average adult full-time employees spend the majority of their working day seated. Prolonged sitting is associated with increasing obesity and chronic health conditions in children and adults. One possible intervention to reduce the negative health impacts of the modern office environment involves modifying the workplace to increase incidental activity and exercise during the workday. Although modifications, such as sit-stand desks, have been shown to improve physiological function, there is mixed information regarding the impact of such office modification on individual cognitive performance and thereby the efficiency of the work environment. Method: In a fully counterbalanced randomized control trial, we assessed the cognitive performance of 45 undergraduate students for up to a 1-hr period in each condition. Results: The results indicate that there is no significant change in the measures used to assess cognitive performance associated with working while seated, while standing, or while walking at low intensity. Conclusion: These results indicate that cognitive performance is not degraded with short-term use of alternate workstations.
Friendly Fire and the Sustained Attention to Response Task
Authors: Wilson Kyle M. , Head James , de Joux Neil R. , Finkbeiner Kristin M. , Helton William S. 
Published: September 2015

Objective: We investigated whether losses of inhibitory control could be responsible for some friendly-fire incidents. Background: Several factors are commonly cited to explain friendly-fire incidents, but failure of inhibitory control has not yet been explored. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) could be a valid model for inhibition failures in some combat scenarios. Method: Participants completed small-arms simulations using near infrared emitter guns, confronting research assistants acting as friends or foes. In Experiment 1, seven participants completed three conditions with three different proportions of foes (high, medium, low). In Experiment 2, 13 participants completed high-foe (high-go) and low-foe (low-go) versions of a small-arms simulation as well as comparative computer tasks. Results: Participants made more friendly-fire errors (errors of commission) when foe proportion was high. A speed–accuracy trade-off was apparent, with participants who were faster to fire on foes also more likely to accidentally shoot friends. When foe proportion was higher, response times to foe stimuli were faster, and subjective workload ratings were higher. Conclusion: Failures of inhibitory control may be responsible for some friendly-fire incidents and the SART could be a suitable empirical model for some battlefield environments. The effect appears to be disproportionately greater at higher foe proportions. The exact nature of performance reductions associated with high-foe proportions requires further investigation. Application: The SART may be a useful model of friendly-fire scenarios. It could be used to indicate a soldier’s likelihood to commit a friendly-fire mistake and to identify high-risk environments.
Clinical evaluation of contemporary oxygenators
Authors: Stanzel Roger DP , Henderson Mark 
Published: September 2015

Advances in cardiopulmonary bypass equipment have played a critical role in improving outcomes for cardiac surgery patients. Recent advancements include reduced priming volumes, biocompatible coatings and gaseous microemboli handling, as well as the incorporation of an arterial filter into the oxygenator. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive clinical evaluation of adult oxygenators on the market. Oxygenators assessed included the Sorin Synthesis® (n = 30), the Sorin Inspire 6F® (n = 10) and Inspire 8F® (n = 30), the Terumo FX15® (n = 13) and FX25® (n = 30), the Maquet Quadrox-i® (n = 30) and the Medtronic Fusion® (n = 30). Parameters assessed included functional prime volumes, gas exchange, pressure gradients and the effects on patient hematology. The Synthesis had the largest functional prime volume (1426 ml), the FX15 the lowest (956 ml). The Inspire 6F, 8F and Fusion had the greatest O2 transfer. The Sorin oxygenators required the lowest sweep gas flows to obtain a PaCO2 of 40 mmHg. The Sorin oxygenators had the largest pressure gradients. While no differences were observed for hemoglobin and platelet levels post cross-clamp removal, the Sorin Synthesis and Inspire 8F had the largest increases in white blood cell (WBC) counts (122% and 141% of baseline, respectively) and neutrophils (162% and 185% of baseline, respectively). The data demonstrate that no single product is superior in all aspects. The choice of ideal oxygenator depends on the aspect(s) of oxygenator performance the perfusion team believes most clinically acceptable based on available data.
Correlation between urinary cadmium and thyroid hormones in outdoor workers exposed to urban stressors
Authors: Rosati Maria Valeria , Montuori Lucio , Caciari Tiziana , Sacco Carmina , Marrocco Mariasilvia , Tomei Gianfranco , Scala Barbara , Sancini Angela , Anzelmo Vincenza , Bonomi Sergio , Tomei Francesco 
Published: September 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to low concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can have effects on the thyroid hormone level of outdoor workers exposed to urban pollutants. Methods: The study was conducted on a final sample of 277 individuals (184 males and 93 females). The environmental monitoring of Cd was evaluated through the use of portable dosimeters, while the biological monitoring was achieved through the assessment of urinary Cd and thyroid hormones. The total sample was divided according to sex and task. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient among the variables was calculated after subdivision on the basis of sex and task. The multiple linear regression was performed to take into account the major confounding factors. Results: Statistical tests showed a negative correlation between urinary Cd levels and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine and a positive correlation between urinary Cd and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Conclusions: Our early results seem to point out that occupational exposure to low concentrations of Cd present in urban air affects the thyroid hormone levels in exposed workers.
Evaluation of the Functional Movement Screen as an Injury Prediction Tool Among Active Adult Populations
Authors: Dorrel Bryan S. , Long Terry , Shaffer Scott , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: September 2015

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is an assessment tool for quality of human movement. Research reports a significant difference between FMS scores of subjects who later experienced injury and those who remain uninjured. Objective: To systematically review literature related to predictive validity of the FMS. From the aggregated data, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prognostic accuracy of the FMS. Data Sources: PubMed, Ebscohost, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Review databases were searched between 1998 and February 20, 2014. Study Selection: Identified studies were reviewed in full detail to validate inclusion criteria. Seven of the 11 identified studies were included. Articles were reviewed for inclusion criteria, then bias assessment and critical analysis were conducted. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Extracted data included the following: study type, methodology, study subjects, number of subjects, injury classification definition, FMS cut score, sensitivity, specificity, odds ratios, likelihood ratios (LR), predictive values, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, and area under the curve (AUC). Results: Overall bias for the included 7 studies was low with respect to patient selection. Quality assessment scored 1 study 5 of a possible 7, 2 studies were scored 3 of 7, and 4 studies were scored 2 of 7. The meta-analysis indicated the FMS was more specific (85.7%) than sensitive (24.7%), with a positive predictive value of 42.8% and a negative predictive value of 72.5%. The area under the curve was 0.587 (LR+, 1.7; LR–, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.6-6.1) and the effect size was 0.68. Conclusion: Based on analysis of the current literature, findings do not support the predictive validity of the FMS. Methodological and statistical limitations identified threaten the ability of the research to determine the predictive validity of FMS.
The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: a study of Kenyan journalists
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Wanga Justus , Owen John 
Published: September 2015

Objective To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence. Design Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack on the Westgate Mall in Nairobi. Participants A representative sample of 90 Kenyan journalists was enrolled. Setting Newsrooms of two national news organizations in Kenya. Main outcome measures Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale-revised), depression (Deck Depression inventory-revised) and general psychological wellbeing (General Health Questionnaire). Results Of the 90 journalists approached 57 (63.3%) responded. Journalists covering the election violence ( n = 23) reported significantly more PTSD type intrusion ( p = 0.027) and arousal ( p = 0.024) symptoms than their colleagues ( n = 34) who had not covered the violence. Reporting the Westgate attack was not associated with increased psychopathology. Being wounded ( n = 11) emerged as the most robust independent predictor of emotional distress. Journalists covering the ethnic violence compared to colleagues who did not were not more likely to receive psychological counselling. Conclusions These data, the first of their kind from an African country, replicate findings over a decade old from Western media, namely that journalists asked to cover life-threatening events may develop significant symptoms of emotional difficulties and fail to receive therapy for them. Good journalism, a pillar of civil society, depends on healthy journalists. It is hoped that these data act as a catalyst encouraging news organisations sending journalists into harm’s way to look out for their psychological health in doing so.
Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine using [Zn-Al] LDH supported on PAN nanofibres
Authors: Abderrazek K. , Uheida A. , Seffen M. , Muhammed M. , Frini Srasra N. , Srasra E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractZn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH), before and after calcination, were tested for the removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from solution. These LDH photocatalysts were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), nitrogen physisorption at −196°C, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (DRS). The different photocatalysts were supported on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres, so that filtration was unnecessary.The PXRD and FTIR analyses showed that the IC adsorption on c-Zn-Al-3-500 (LDH calcined at 500°C) was enhanced by construction of the hydrotalcite matrix intercalated with the dye. The intercalation was clearly evidenced by the appearance of a peak at low °2θ values. All of the materials prepared exhibited photocatalytic activity, which for the c-Zn-Al-3-500 was comparable to that of commercial PAN-supported ZnO nanoparticles (100% degradation after 180 min). Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of the IC followed a pseudo-first order rate. The high activity and the ease of both synthesis and separation processes rendered this photocatalyst a promising candidate for environmental remediation.
Multidirectional chromosome painting substantiates the occurrence of extensive genomic reshuffling within Accipitriformes
Authors: Nie Wenhui , O’Brien Patricia C. M. , Fu Beiyuan , Wang Jinghuan , Su Weiting , He Kai , Bed’Hom Bertrand , Volobouev Vitaly , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Dobigny Gauthier , Yang Fengtang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious cross-species painting studies with probes from chicken (Gallus gallus) chromosomes 1–10 and a paint pool of nineteen microchromosomes have revealed that the drastic karyotypic reorganization in Accipitridae is due to extensive synteny disruptions and associations. However, the number of synteny association events and identities of microchromosomes involved in such synteny associations remain undefined, due to the lack of paint probes derived from individual chicken microchromosomes. Moreover, no genome-wide homology map between Accipitridae species and other avian species with atypical karyotype organization has been reported till now, and the karyotype evolution within Accipitriformes remains unclear.ResultsTo delineate the synteny-conserved segments in Accipitridae, a set of painting probes for the griffon vulture,Gyps fulvus(2n = 66) was generated from flow-sorted chromosomes. Together with previous generated probes from the stone curlew,Burhinus oedicnemus(2n = 42), a Charadriiformes species with atypical karyotype organization, we conducted multidirectional chromosome painting, including reciprocal chromosome painting betweenB. oedicnemusandG. fulvusand cross-species chromosome painting betweenB. oedicnemusand two accipitrid species (the Himalayan griffon,G. himalayensis2n = 66, and the common buzzard,Buteo buteo, 2n = 68). In doing so, genome-wide homology maps betweenB. oedicnemusand three Accipitridae species were established. From there, a cladistic analysis using chromosomal characters and mapping of chromosomal changes on a consensus molecular phylogeny were conducted in order to search for cytogenetic signatures for different lineages within Accipitriformes.ConclusionOur study confirmed that the genomes of the diurnal birds of prey, especially the genomes of species in Accipitriformes excluding Cathartidae, have been extensively reshuffled when compared to other bird lineages. The chromosomal rearrangements involved include both fusions and fissions. Our chromosome painting data indicated that the Palearctic common buzzard (BBU) shared several common chromosomal rearrangements with some Old World vultures, and was found to be more closely related to other Accipitridae than to Neotropical buteonine raptors from the karyotypic perspective. Using both a chromosome-based cladistic analysis as well as by mapping of chromosomal differences onto a molecular-based phylogenetic tree, we revealed a number of potential cytogenetic signatures that support the clade of Pandionidae (PHA) + Accipitridae. In addition, our cladistic analysis using chromosomal characters appears to support the placement of osprey (PHA) in Accipitridae.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-6 are decreased and correlate with cognitive status in DLB patients
Authors: Wennström Malin , Hall Sara , Nägga Katarina , Londos Elisabet , Minthon Lennart , Hansson Oskar 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammatory processes have previously been shown to influence cognition and progression of dementia. An involvement of interleukin (IL)-6 has in particular been suggested as altered levels of IL-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Also, an association between cognitive decline and levels of IL-6 in CSF have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients clinically diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) display altered CSF IL-6 levels in comparison with patients with AD and control subjects without dementia and whether the IL-6 levels are correlated with cognitive status and biomarkers for AD and synucleinopathy.

Methods
To analyse CSF of patients with AD (n = 45), patients with DLB (n = 29) and control subjects without dementia (n = 36), we used immunoassays to measure levels of IL-6 (multiplex electrochemiluminescence); AD markers phosphorylated tau, total tau and amyloid-β1–42 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]); and α-synuclein (ELISA). Cognitive status was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Results
Our analysis showed significantly lower levels of IL-6 in CSF from patients with DLB than in CSF from patients with AD and control subjects without dementia. The IL-6 levels were also negatively correlated with MMSE and positively correlated with α-synuclein CSF levels.

Conclusions
Our findings support previous studies by demonstrating a link between inflammatory processes and dementia progression and further strengthen the hypothesis that IL-6 is involved in dementia pathology and cognitive decline.
Differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in young and older rats and their effect on tumor growth factor-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells
Authors: Wang Yan , Fu Bo , Sun Xuefeng , Li Diangeng , Huang Qi , Zhao Weihong , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The prevalence of renal fibrosis is higher in older than in younger individuals. Through paracrine activity, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (BM-MSC-MVs) influence the process of renal fibrosis. Differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression of BM-MSC-MVs that correlate with the age of the subjects and the correlation between miRNA expression and the process of renal fibrosis have not been established. The present study aimed to analyze differences in miRNA expression of BM-MSC-MVs between young or older rats and its influence on tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HK2 cells to explore the causes of renal fibrosis in aged tissues.

Methods
miRCURY LNA Array (version 18.0) was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in BM-MSC-MVs of 3- and 24-month-old Fisher344 rats. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to verify miRNA levels in BM-MSC-MVs and in the serum of rats. A TGF-β1-mediated EMT model was used to study the effects of BM-MSC-MVs and differentially expressed miRNAs on EMT.

Results
BM-MSCs from older rats showed more severe aging phenotypes compared with those of young rats. In addition, the growth rate and cell migration of BM-MSCs derived from older rats were significantly reduced. In secreted BM-MSC-MVs, the expression of miR-344a, miR-133b-3p, miR-294, miR-423-3p, and miR-872-3p was significantly downregulated in older rats than in younger rats (P < 0.05), and the serum level of these miRNAs exhibited the same patterns. Intervention using BM-MSC-MVs resulted in the weakening of TGF-β1-mediated EMT in the aged rats. MiR-344a, miR-133b-3p, and miR-294 affected TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells. Among these, miR-133b-3p and miR-294 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In older rats, the inhibitory effect of BM-MSC-MVs on TGF-β1-mediated HK2 cell EMT was weaker than that observed in younger rats. In addition, miR-133b-3p and miR-294, which were downregulated in BM-MSC-MVs of older rats, remarkably inhibited TGF-β1-mediated EMT in HK2 cells, suggesting that these may play a role in the fibrosis of aging renal tissues.
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C(sp3)–H Amidation of 8-Methylquinolines with Amides at Room Temperature
Authors: Huang Xiaolei , You Jingsong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Here we disclose a Rh(III)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C(sp3)–H activation of 8-methylquinolines, which can enable intermolecular amidation using commercially available, reliable amides as the amidating reagent to provide an efficient route to quinolin-8-ylmethanamine derivatives. This amidation proceeds at room temperature in moderate to excellent yields, and features good functional group tolerance and complete mono-selectivity.
The relationship between the nursing environment and delivering culturally sensitive perinatal hospice care
Authors: Mixer Sandra J , Lindley Lisa , Wallace Heather , Fornehed Mary Lou , Wool Charlotte 
Published: September 2015

Background: Wide variations exist among perinatal hospices, and barriers to perinatal palliative care exist at the healthcare level. Research in the area of culturally sensitive perinatal palliative care has been scarce, a gap which this study addresses. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the nurse work environment and the delivery of culturally sensitive perinatal hospice care. Method: This retrospective, correlational study used data from the National Home and Hospice Care Survey, which includes a nationally representative sample of hospice care providers. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between the delivery of culturally sensitive care and the nurse work environment. Results: Accreditation, teaching status, and baccalaureate-prepared registered nurse staff had an impact on the provision of culturally sensitive perinatal care Conclusions: The hospice and nursing unit environments, specifically in regards to education and technology, may be important contributors to the delivery of culturally sensitive care.
‘Every possible thing that can happen or will happen has already happened somewhere’: John Titor, hoaxes and speculative design
Authors: Vieira de Oliveira Pedro J. S. , Prado de O. Martins Luiza 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
One of the core characteristics of speculative design projects is the way they can be easily confused with reality. By maintaining a close connection with the mundane, these fictions often pose provocative questions shaped as uncanny scenarios that weave rather dystopian encounters with possible futures. However, where does one trace the line between propaganda hoaxes and critical design depictions? Using the story of alleged ‘time traveller’ John Titor – one of the most well-known Internet hoaxes so far – as a point of reference, this article will discuss the civil role and the cultural resonance of speculative design fictions, as well as the responsibility of the designer in either questioning or reaffirming society’s political, social and economic agendas.
Photography and the disruption of memory and meaning
Authors: Fawns Tim 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
By taking and sharing photographs, we are positioned within powerful communication networks that influence our personal and social identities. Over time, ownership and control is lost as our photographs gain performativity that allows them to divert from the purposes, spaces and times for which they are created. These issues are magnified by a number of technological, cultural and economic factors that accompany the evolution of ubiquitous digital media and their associated tools. Given the role that photographs play in the reconstruction of individual and collective memory and history, it is worth considering what is captured by the camera and what happens after the shutter closes.