bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'introuvable délibération
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi 
Published: October 2013

L’article propose une approche ethnographique d’une conférence de citoyens tenue en novembre 2009 sur les nouveaux indicateurs de richesse, commandée par le Conseil régional du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Il montre que ce qui se joue dans ce type de dispositifs ne peut s’appréhender au prisme exclusif de la délibération qui fonde pourtant leur légitimité. Ce qui est en jeu dans le jury considéré, c’est moins la délibération que les stratégies de préservation de la « face » des participants, la constitution du groupe et les logiques de sociabilité, les inégalités de participation et les effets de cadrage de l’équipe d’animation.
Géopolitique des paradis fiscaux
Authors: Piolet Vincent 
Published: October 2013

L’expansion des paradis fiscaux s’inscrit dans la logique de l’internationalisation de l’économie. Mais la définition même est un enjeu géopolitique : d’où les listes variables selon les organes émetteurs. Chaque puissance fonctionne avec ses propres zones de franchise. La nécessité d’assécher le financement du terrorisme, puis la crise économique de 2008 ont cependant réaffirmé la nécessité d’un contrôle strict : les forums internationaux et les sociétés civiles se mobilisent. politique étrangère
« C'est du vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre ! »
Authors: Lacroix Isabelle 
Published: October 2013

Cet article analyse les mécanismes utilisés par les organisations abertzale (littéralement « patriotes ») au Pays basque français pour produire un engagement de longue durée et intense, malgré les incessantes scissions que connaît ce mouvement depuis sa structuration en 1963. S’appuyant sur un corpus empirique de quarante entretiens biographiques de militants du conglomérat nationaliste réalisés entre 2002 et 2008, d’observations ethnographiques et de sources secondaires, il éclaire les conditions biographiques et les processus institutionnels qui fabriquent un attachement à la cause basque. Tout en mettant en lumière les différents ressorts de l’engagement initial caractéristique de chaque génération, cet article révèle combien la force du maintien de l’engagement militant abertzale dans le temps réside dans la façon dont les institutions militantes entretiennent l’attachement à la cause. Le travail émotionnel et ritualisé autour du prisonnier, la sociabilité festive ainsi que les dispositifs collectifs d’encadrement des engagements individuels renforcent les liens à l’organisation et la cohésion du groupe et rendent difficile le désengagement.
Quand le militantisme s'adapte au terrain
Authors: Massicard Élise 
Published: October 2013

Les différences de stratégies et d’actions d’un mouvement transnational sont souvent conçues en termes de ressources ou de structures des opportunités politiques dans chaque contexte national. Cet article défend l’idée selon laquelle les trajectoires contrastées des militants investis dans les espaces en question peuvent également jouer un rôle. Il analyse dans cette perspective les carrières des entrepreneurs du mouvement aléviste en Turquie et en Allemagne. Ayant connu des socialisations politiques et des types de reconversion en partie divergents, ces derniers ont investi dans leur engagement aléviste des compétences différenciées qui peuvent être mises en relation avec les développements contrastés qu’a connus le mouvement. La prise en compte des trajectoires militantes, elles-mêmes liées aux « offres politiques » accessibles selon les contextes et les ressources des acteurs engagés, enrichit les lectures en termes d’opportunités politiques : elle permet de sociologiser l’influence des contextes sur les mouvements, et de réintégrer la sociologie interne des organisations, souvent négligée dans l’étude des mouvements transnationaux.
Generation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Protein-Deficient Blood Cells From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yuan Xuan , Braunstein Evan M. , Ye Zhaohui , Liu Cyndi F. , Chen Guibin , Zou Jizhong , Cheng Linzhao , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
PIG-A is an X-linked gene required for the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; thus, PIG-A mutant cells have a deficiency or absence of all GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). Acquired mutations in hematopoietic stem cells result in the disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hypomorphic germline PIG-A mutations lead to severe developmental abnormalities, seizures, and early death. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into cell types derived from all three germ layers, providing a novel developmental system for modeling human diseases. Using PIG-A gene targeting and an inducible PIG-A expression system, we have established, for the first time, a conditional PIG-A knockout model in human iPSCs that allows for the production of GPI-AP-deficient blood cells. PIG-A-null iPSCs were unable to generate hematopoietic cells or any cells expressing the CD34 marker and were defective in generating mesodermal cells expressing KDR/VEGFR2 (kinase insert domain receptor) and CD56 markers. In addition, PIG-A-null iPSCs had a block in embryonic development prior to mesoderm differentiation that appears to be due to defective signaling through bone morphogenetic protein 4. However, early inducible PIG-A transgene expression allowed for the generation of GPI-AP-deficient blood cells. This conditional PIG-A knockout model should be a valuable tool for studying the importance of GPI-APs in hematopoiesis and human development.
FOXP1 mutations cause intellectual disability and a recognizable phenotype
Authors: Le Fevre Anna K. , Taylor Sharelle , Malek Neva H. , Horn Denise , Carr Christopher W. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , O'Donnell Sherindan , Burgess Trent , Shaw Marie , Gecz Jozef , Bain Nicole , Fagan Kerry , Hunter Matthew F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMutations in FOXP1, located at 3p13, have been reported in patients with global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), and speech defects. Mutations in FOXP2, located at 7q31, are well known to cause developmental speech and language disorders, particularly developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD). FOXP2 has been shown to work co‐operatively with FOXP1 in mouse development. An overlap in FOXP1 and FOXP2 expression, both in the songbird and human fetal brain, has suggested that FOXP1 may also have a role in speech and language disorders. We report on a male child with a 0.19 MB intragenic deletion that is predicted to result in haploinsufficiency of FOXP1. Review of our patient and others reported in the literature reveals an emerging phenotype of GDD/ID with moderate to severe speech delay where expressive speech is most severely affected. DVD appears not to be a distinct feature in this group. Facial features include a broad forehead, downslanting palpebral fissures, a short nose with broad tip, relative or true macrocephaly, a frontal hair upsweep and prominent digit pads. Autistic traits and other behavioral problems are likely to be associated with haploinsufficiency of FOXP1. Congenital malformations may be associated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequence analysis of 17NRXN1deletions
Authors: Hoeffding Louise Kristine Enggaard , Hansen Thomas , Ingason Andrés , Doung Linh , Thygesen Johan H. , Møller Rikke S. , Tommerup Niels , Kirov George , Rujescu Dan , Larsen Lars A. , Werge Thomas 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundGenome instability plays fundamental roles in human evolution and phenotypic variation within our population. This instability leads to genomic rearrangements that are involved in a wide variety of human disorders, including congenital and neurodevelopmental disorders, and cancers. Insight into the molecular mechanisms governing such genomic rearrangements may increase our understanding of disease pathology and evolutionary processes. Here we analyse 17 carriers of non‐recurrent deletions in the NRXN1 gene, which have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g. schizophrenia, autism and epilepsies.Methods17 non‐recurrent NRXN1 deletions identified by GWA were sequenced to map the breakpoints of each. Meme … etc. was used to identify shared patterns between the deletions and compare these were previously studies on non‐recurrent deletions.ResultsWe discovered two novel sequence motifs shared between all 17 NRXN1 deletions and a significantly higher AT nucleotide content at the breakpoints, compared to the overall nucleotide content on chromosome 2. We found different alteration of sequence at the breakpoint; small insertions and duplications giving rise to short microhomology sequences.ConclusionsNo single mechanism seems to be implicated in the deletion events, but the results suggest that NHEJ, FoSTeS or MMBIR is implicated. The two novel sequence motifs together with a high AT content in all in NRXN1 deletions may lead to increased instability leading to a increase susceptibility to a single stranded structures. This favours potentially repaired by NHEJ mechanism of double strand breaks or may leading to replication errors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epoxidized natural rubber/epoxy blends: Phase morphology and thermomechanical properties
Authors: Mathew Viju Susan , George Soney C. , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEpoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) were prepared. ENRs with different concentrations of up to 20 wt % were used as modifiers for epoxy resin. The epoxy monomer was cured with nadic methyl anhydride as a hardener in the presence of N,N‐dimethyl benzyl amine as an accelerator. The addition of ENR to an anhydride hardener/epoxy monomer mixture gave rise to the formation of a phase‐separated structure consisting of rubber domains dispersed in the epoxy‐rich phase. The particle size increased with increasing ENR content. The phase separation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The viscoelastic behavior of the liquid‐rubber‐modified epoxy resin was also evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis. The storage moduli, loss moduli, and tan δ values were determined for the blends of the epoxy resin with ENR. The effect of the addition of rubber on the glass‐transition temperature of the epoxy matrix was followed. The thermal stability of the ENR‐modified epoxy resin was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. Parameters such as the onset of degradation, maximum degradation temperature, and final degradation were not affected by the addition of ENR. The mechanical properties of the liquid‐natural‐rubber‐modified epoxy resin were measured in terms of the fracture toughness and impact strength. The maximum impact strength and fracture toughness were observed with 10 wt % ENR modified epoxy blends. Various toughening mechanisms responsible for the enhancement in toughness of the diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol A/ENR blends were investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39906.
LaF3 : Eu3+ nanocrystal/PNIPAM nanogels: Preparation, thermosensitive fluorescence performance and use as bioprobes for monitoring drug release
Authors: Yang Yang , Song Qiusheng , Gao Kang , Ma Haihong , Yang Sensen , Li Tan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNovel core–shell LaF3 : Eu3+ nanocrystals/PNIPAM nanogels were prepared by surface‐initiated living radical polymerization. The microstructure and performance of the LaF3 : Eu3+ nanocrystals and the hybrid nanogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL). The thermosensitive fluorescence behaviors of the core–shell nanogels and the drug release behaviors were investigated by PL at various temperatures. The results suggested that the fluorescence performance of the nanogels was influenced greatly by the ambient temperature, either content of Aspirin absorbed in the nanogels. Compared to other reported systems, our discovery could tell how much the nanogels contain Aspirin by detecting the fluorescence intensity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39930.
Synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide and expandable graphite on the flame retardancy of polyisocyanurate–polyurethane foams
Authors: Wang Wanjin , He Kui , Dong Quanxiao , Zhu Ning , Fan Yong , Wang Feng , Xia Yibing , Li Haifeng , Wang Jing , Yuan Zhen , Wang Erpo , Lai Zhenfeng , Kong Tao , Wang Xia , Ma Hongwen , Yang Mingshu 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTFor the first time, expandable graphite (EG) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) was combined to improve the flame retardancy of polyisocyanurate–polyurethane (PIR–PUR) foam. The limited oxygen index increased from 26.5 for the PIR–PUR matrix to an incredible value of 92.8 when 24 phr (parts per 100 of matrix) EG and 60 phr ATH were incorporated into the matrix. Based on morphology observation and thermogravimetric analysis, it was speculated that two factors contributed to the improvement of flame retardancy primarily. First, ATH could effectively induce “villi” like particles, which was useful to form a dense char. The compact char layer could effectively impede the transport of bubbles and heat. Second, ATH and EG accelerated the initial degradation and fluffy char was quickly generated on the surface of the composites. Thus, the degradation of the composite was slowed down and the diffusion of volatile combustible fragments to flame zone was delayed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39936.
Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) glycolysates as effective toughening agents for epoxy resin
Authors: Chaudhary Saurabh , Parthasarathy Surekha , Kumar Devendra , Rajagopal Chitra , Roy Prasun Kumar 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe potential of poly(ethyleneterephthalate) glycolysates toward improving the energy absorption characteristics of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins has been explored. Microwave‐assisted glycolytic depolymerization of PET was performed in the presence of polyether diols of different molecular weights. The obtained glycolysates were blended with epoxy, and their mechanical properties were studied under both quasi‐static and dynamic conditions. Significant improvements were observed, which were found to depend both on the amount as well as nature of glycolysate. Amine functionalities were introduced at the terminal positions of glycolysates to improve the compatibility between the two phases. The amine derivatives exhibited superior performance and the Mode I fracture toughness (KIC) of epoxy increased by ∼18% in optimized compositions, which is indicative of its improved notch sensitivity. Neat epoxy specimens fractured in a brittle fashion, but all the blends exhibited ductile failure, as evidenced by surface morphological investigations. The mechanical properties of epoxy blends prepared with analogous aliphatic polyols, both before and after amine functionalization, were also studied which clearly reveal the beneficial role of aromatic groups toward improving the toughness of the base cycloaliphatic epoxy resin without compromising on the material stiffness. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39941.
Protective Effects of C‐Type Natriuretic Peptide on Linear Growth and Articular Cartilage Integrity in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Bükülmez Hülya , Khan Fozia , Bartels Cynthia F. , Murakami Shunichi , Ortiz‐Lopez Adriana , Sattar Abdus , Haqqi Tariq M. , Warman Matthew L. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) signaling pathway is a major contributor to postnatal skeletal growth in humans. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CNP signaling could prevent growth delay and cartilage damage in an animal model of inflammatory arthritis.MethodsWe generated transgenic mice that overexpress CNP (B6.SJL‐Col2a1‐NPPC) in chondrocytes. We introduced the CNP transgene into mice with experimental systemic inflammatory arthritis (K/BxN T cell receptor [TCR]) and determined the effect of CNP overexpression in chondrocytes on the severity of arthritis, cartilage damage, and linear growth. We also examined primary chondrocyte cultures for changes in gene and protein expression resulting from CNP overexpression.ResultsK/BxN TCR mice exhibited linear growth delay (P < 0.01) compared to controls, and this growth delay was correlated with the severity of arthritis. Diminished chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production was also seen in K/BxN TCR mice. Compared to non–CNP‐transgenic mice, K/BxN TCR mice with overexpressed CNP had milder arthritis, no growth delay, and less cartilage damage. Primary chondrocytes from mice overexpressing CNP were less sensitive to inflammatory cytokines than wild‐type mouse chondrocytes.ConclusionCNP overexpression in chondrocytes can prevent endochondral growth delay and protect against cartilage damage in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Pharmacologic or biologic modulation of the CNP signaling pathway may prevent growth retardation and protect cartilage in patients with inflammatory joint diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Improved isoelectric focusing chromatography on strong anion exchange media via a new model that custom designs mobile phases using simple buffers
Authors: Choy Derek Y.C. , Creagh A. Louise , Haynes Charles 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIsoelectric chromatofocusing (ICF), a mode of chromatography by which proteins are separated based on changes in their charge state with pH, is widely used at analytical scales and finding increasing interest in biologics manufacturing due to its exceptional resolving power. Here, a method is described for using simple monoprotic and diprotic buffers to create stable mobile phases for sample loading on a strong anion exchange column and for achieving an elution pH gradient of desired shape covering any pH range from pH 10.0 to 3. The buffers used are selected to satisfy cost constraints, and to permit facile detection of eluted biologics by UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The method exploits a new model described here that combines multiple‐chemical and adsorption‐equilibria theory to enable in silico tailoring of elution pH profiles using mixtures of these simple buffers. It is shown to provide a versatile platform for optimizing and conducting ICF of protein mixtures on strong anion exchange media. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 552–564. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degradation of textile dyes under subcritical water conditions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Daneshvar Somayeh , Hidemi Nakamura , Salak Feridoun , Mahinpey Nader 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDecolourisation and decomposition of acid orange 7 as a model for textile wastewater was performed under subcritical water conditions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide showed very efficient activity for decolourisation of AO7. Complete decolourisation temperature of AO7 declined from 275 to 135°C when a sufficient amount of hydrogen peroxide was used in the reaction medium. The effects of several other parameters were also investigated. Reaction time as well as the initial amount of hydrogen peroxide showed great effect on the decolourisation and decomposition reactions. At the higher temperatures, it was found utilising UV/Vis scanning spectra that the dye decomposed into very small molecules and gaseous products; consequently, total organic carbon (TOC) amount of the solutions after subcritical water treatment significantly declined. The reactions carried out without formation of any solid materials. At the optimum conditions treatment of several different types of dyes were also investigated.
Histone modification patterns correlate with patient outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ya‐Wei , Kao Shou‐Yen , Wang Hsiao‐Jung , Yang Muh‐Hwa 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDPatterns of global histone modifications have been suggested to be predictors of clinical outcome in many cancers. However, the role of global histone modification patterns in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unclear.METHODSA retrospective clinicopathologic analysis was undertaken of 186 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received complete ablative surgical treatment. Tissue arrays were made from those paraffin‐embedded OSCC samples and examined by immunohistochemistry for histone 3 lysine 4 acetylation (H3K4ac), histone 3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac), histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3), and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).RESULTSA low level of H3K4ac and a high level of H3K27me3 were associated with advanced T status, N status, tumor stage, and perineural invasion. They were also correlated with cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The 5‐year CSS and DFS in H3K4aclow vs. H3K4achigh were 74.8% versus 92.5% (P = .010), and 51.4% versus 76.2% (P = .001), respectively. The 5‐year CSS and DFS in H3K27me3low versus H3K27me3high were 94.7% versus 62.3% (P < .001) and 76.4% versus 32.3% (P < .001), respectively. We also found improved prediction for DFS after combining the H3K4aclow and H3K27me3high profiles and comparing the scores with the other modification patterns (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSThis research demonstrates the potential prognostic utility of global histone modification analysis for OSCC. Cancer 2013;119:4259–4267. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Predicting life expectancy in patients with metastatic cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy: The TEACHH model
Authors: Krishnan Monica S. , Epstein‐Peterson Zachary , Chen Yu‐Hui , Tseng Yolanda D. , Wright Alexi A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Catalano Paul , Balboni Tracy A. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDPredicting life expectancy (LE) in patients with metastatic cancer who are receiving palliative therapies is a difficult task. The purpose of the current study was to develop a LE prediction model among patients receiving palliative radiotherapy (RT) that identifies those patients with short (< 3 months) and long (> 1 year) LEs.METHODSThe records of 862 patients with metastatic cancer receiving palliative RT at the Dana‐Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center between June 2008 and July 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate established and potential clinical predictors of LE to construct a model predicting LE of < 3 months and > 1 year.RESULTSThe median survival was 5.6 months. On multivariate analysis, factors found to be significantly associated with a shorter LE were cancer type (lung and other vs breast and prostate), older age (> 60 years vs ≤ 60 years), liver metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (2‐4 vs 0‐1), hospitalizations within 3 months before palliative RT (0 vs ≥ 1), and prior palliative chemotherapy courses (≥ 2 vs 0‐1). Patients were divided into 3 groups with distinct median survivals: group A (those with 0‐1 risk factors), 19.9 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI, 13.9 months‐31.1months]); group B (those with 2‐4 risk factors), 5.0 months (95% CI, 4.3 months ‐5.6 months); and group C (those with 5‐6 risk factors), 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.2 months‐2.1 months).CONCLUSIONSThe TEACHH model (type of cancer, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, age, prior palliative chemotherapy, prior hospitalizations, and hepatic metastases) divides patients receiving palliative RT into 3 distinct LE groups at clinically informative extremes of the LE spectrum. It holds promise to assist radiation oncologists in tailoring palliative therapies to a patient's LE. Cancer 2014;120:134–141. © 2013 American Cancer Society.