bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplanted crops and rainfall variability regulate soil erosion in rainfed maize of the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Yadav Devideen , Singh Deepak , Madhu M. , Singh D. V. , Islam Sadikul , Kumar Gopal , Gupta Anand Kumar , Mandal D. , Babu Subhash , Barh Anupam , Kumawat Anita , Dubey Rajiv , Pati Kalidas , Bhargavi B. , Yadav Dinesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil erosion is a serious threat to agriculture and environmental sustainability in the risk‐prone rainfed Himalayan ecosystem. Hence, runoff and soil loss mitigation ability of four maize‐based intensified systems; maize (Zea mays) + turmeric (Curcuma longa), maize + ginger (Zingiber officinale), maize + colocasia (Colocasia esculenta), and maize + sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) were tested against the sole maize. The study recorded 41 erosive events during the 2020–2022 monsoon season. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to transform correlated rainfall parameters into orthogonal principal components. A two‐dimensional biplot analysis examined the relationship between PCs, rainfall events, and rainfall parameters. The rainfall events were divided into three regimes based on cluster analysis using PC. Rainfall regime 1 was characterized by low rainfall, I30, rainfall erosivity (E), and moderate rainfall duration (D), regime2 with moderate rainfall, short duration, high I30, and E, and regime3 with high D, I30, and rainfall erosivity. The soil loss of regime‐3 was 9.29 and 3.24 times higher than regime‐1 and regime‐2, respectively. Cover crops reduced runoff by 21.5%–69.3% and soil loss by 54.1%–77.0% over control. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that rainfall parameters (I30, I60, D, and E) had a significant direct influence across the systems, explaining 37.7%–54.9% of response variable variance, with E being the most influential (47.4%–54.9%), indicating varied impacts on runoff and soil loss. The sweet potato was best suited with maize as an intercrop to minimize soil erosion and maximize the system's profitability.
Short-term survival and growth of American Eel elvers marked with visible implant elastomer tags
Authors: Eissenhauer Felix , Martin Malik , Adesola Joke , Curry R. Allen , Linnansaari Tommi , Harrison Philip M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags are commonly used as a cost-effective tool for marking small fish, making them valuable in mark–recapture studies. It is crucial to quantify the impact of tagging procedures on fish survival to address inferential bias in mark–recapture studies. We assessed marking-related mortality and growth in American Eel Anguilla rostrata elvers in a 40-day laboratory experiment, following VIE tag application.

Methods
There were 500 elvers (80–149 mm) that were divided into four treatment groups and one control group. Treatment groups were tagged with two tags in three body locations (anterior, central, posterior on left bilateral side) or with two tags in all three locations, while the control group remained untagged. Eels were retained in experimental tanks, and mortality rates were compared.

Result
The VIE tagging did not significantly affect survival, which was 90.9% across all treatment groups and 92% for the untagged control group; nor did it affect growth.

Conclusion
The application of VIE tags on various body parts should be a safe and effective method for marking American Eel elvers.
The relationship between nocturia and suicidal ideation: A study on The National Health and Nutrition Survey data
Authors: Ma Ke , Chen Chen , Shen Liyang , Tang Peng , Guan Rijian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe focus of this research was to explore any potential link between nocturia and the risk of suicidal ideation.MethodsDrawing from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, data relating to 25 241 participants was scrutinized. This included 13 421 individuals identifying as male and 11 820 individuals identifying as female. Participants provided information on nocturia and suicidal ideation via self‐completed questionnaires. To determine if nocturia was independently related to suicidal ideation, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. Analyses were also undertaken separately for adult males and females.ResultsIt was found that around 3.5% of participants had experienced suicidal ideation. The results indicated that nocturia increased the risk for suicidal ideation in all adult groups (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.37−2.03, p < 0.0001), including both males (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38−2.65, p < 0.001) and females (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.158−1.90, p = 0.002). The risk for suicidal ideation increased with the severity of nocturia, with significant trends observed in adult males (p for trend = 0.04) and adult females (p for trend = 0.01). Additionally, subgroup examination showed a significant interaction between nocturia and educational level in adult males (p for interaction = 0.03). Among adult females, a noteworthy interaction was observed between nocturia and body mass index (p for interaction = 0.02).ConclusionThe research uncovered a connection between nocturia and an elevated risk of suicidal ideation.
Bio‐based semi‐aromatic waterborne PIEK‐C sizing agent to construct a robust interface for CF/PEEK composites
Authors: Xie Yujia , Zhuang Hailin , Pei Weibing , Guo Jiaming , Ma Yan , Kong Lingqiang , Ao Yuhui , Liu Liu , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the impressing advances on sizing agents for CF/PEEK composites, the aromatic backbone of the polymer precursors utilized in the vast majority of reports compromises the dispersity and ductility of the slurry, subsequently resulting in inferior overall performance of the composites. Meanwhile, most resins employed for sizing agents in existing reports are based on petroleum resources. Herein, a bio‐based waterborne sizing agent utilizing semi‐aromatic poly ether ketones (PIEK‐C) derived from isosorbide and phenolphthalein has been disclosed, featured by its salutary dispersity, exceptional thermal stability, higher glass transition temperatures, and broader applicability. Due to the structural similarity between the sizing and resin matrix, the protocol endowed CF/PEEK composites with ameliorated overall performance, addressing issues related to inadequate adhesion of CF with PEEK resin, as well as environmental pollution commonly associated with existing commercial epoxy and solvent‐based sizing agents. The Tg and T5% of PIEK‐C‐5050 were 205.08 and 427.16°C, respectively. The particle size range of the PIEK‐C sizing agents spanned from 66.32 to 84.63 nm. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composites experienced a respective 993.92 MPa (30.73%) and 83.32 MPa (36.97%) increase compared to untreated CF/PEEK composites following sizing treatment with PIEK‐C‐5050, underscoring expedient intermolecular interactions based on comparable solubility and π‐π stacking effects between the PEEK and PIEK‐C components. This study introduced an efficient and eco‐friendly approach to enhance the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites.Highlights
PIEK‐C resin is employed for the first time to prepare carbon fiber sizing agents.
The PIEK‐C sizing agent significantly fortified the surface energy and wettability of carbon fibers.
The CF/PEEK composites after treatment with PIEK‐C sizing agent showed excellent heat resistance.
The ILSS and bending strength of the composites were significantly increased by 36.97% and 30.73%, respectively.
Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant effects of propolis nanoparticles and cinnamon nanostructures in preventive dentistry: Experimental and theoretical approaches
Authors: Hamze Faeze , Amiri Mahnaz , Islami Zeinab Sadat , Shamspur Tayebeh , Razavi Razieh , Khazaeli Payam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionNatural products such as green propolis and cinnamon have been used traditionally in medicine due to their medicinal value. Recently, interest has grown in developing nanotechnology‐based approaches to enhance the biological activity of these compounds.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of macro‐sized and nanostructured forms of green propolis and cinnamon against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Material and MethodsThe sonochemical method was used to synthesize green propolis nanoparticles (PNPs) and cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs). Their size was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering measurements, while they were compared with propolis (P) and cinnamon (C). The antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test determined the antibacterial activity against S. mutans. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were conducted to analyze the data. Furthermore, docking calculations were carried out to examine the potential of incorporating any new supplements or therapies into your routine.ResultsThe MIC were 5.46, 21.87, 21.87, and 175 g/L for PNPs, P, CNPs, and C groups, respectively. The PNPs exhibited the most significant antibacterial effect while C was weakest. About antioxidant activity, PNPs and P exhibited significant differences from other groups (P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively), while CNPs and C showed no significant difference between each other (P = 0.07). The docking calculations revealed a strong interaction between both nanoparticles and S. mutans. The binding energy of dihydroflavonols on propolis nanoparticles was −6.83 kcal/mol, indicating a stable connection.
Why discussion of sculptures and monuments is sadly outdated
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Rich Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article explores the evolving discourses on sculptures, monuments and open space, under the context of recent changes in the world that influence people's perception of public artworks, shifting from original artistic appreciation to increasingly intense socio‐political scrutiny. It considers multiple statues of importance, which were erected, admired, or disdained by the public. This article calls for an urgent need to take inclusive approaches to the representation of artworks in public space that honor women and minorities. Potential solutions are explored, including relocating controversial statues to places of less centrality, adding explanatory plaques, and considering virtual sculptures to preserve open spaces. This article acknowledges that history is not always static and that there's an ongoing trend that artworks in public are placed to inspire new meanings. It contributes to the critical discussion of how art should be and in what way can artworks influence people's perceptions over time.
Numerical study of low‐rise composite steel frame responses to blast loading using direct simulation method
Authors: Sharaf Tarek , Ismail Sara , Elghandour Mohamed , Turk Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigated the blast behavior of a low‐rise composite steel structure of three stories subjected to internal and external explosions for the same explosive charge of 250 kg TNT. A comparison of three various blast scenarios is aimed at better understanding how blast waves propagate in confined risk zones and their damage effects on far and exposed elements to an explosive charge. Evaluation of the damage level and the overall response of the proposed numerical model is done by estimating the adequacy of structural members subjected to blast loading using general limits in attempting to check the structure's strength and regularity. The analysis was based on load combinations and damage criteria according to the Unified Facilities Criteria which are general design approaches suitable for civil design applications in forecasting blast loads and structural system responses. The overall behavior of this structure was simulated based on a dynamic analysis by the direct simulation approach, which was chosen for modeling blast loads using the Friedlander blast load equation, and the simpler, less expensive, more accurate, and realistic A.T.‐BLAST model to deduce the simplified blast‐wave overpressure profile. The material nonlinearity at a high strain rate using the Johnson‐Cook strength and concrete plasticity damage model is studied dynamically using ABAQUS finite element code to simulate the explicit dynamic nonlinear analysis. The overall response of the proposed numerical model was evaluated by estimating the adequacy of structural members, considering the blast load as the initial cause of failure, such as axial plastic strain, internal forces limits, maximum deformation, support rotation, demand‐capacity‐ratio (DCRshear/moment), drift index and material damage model. The position of the explosive charge played an important role in determining the rate at which the structural element begins to plastic strains, displacements, moments, or rotations beyond the limits, and then key elements should be considered in structural design against progressive collapse. Results showed that steel members exhibit early indicators of failure, such as buckling necking, shear tearing, or plastic hinges, whereas concrete slabs break up immediately due to brittleness. DCRmoment values successfully showed the columns in which the first plastic joint can occur, whereas DCRshear values signaled the onset of shear failure at connections. Besides, plastic hinges played an important role in dissipating energy and preventing total structural collapse via the Strong Column‐Weak Beam design concept, which appears repeatedly in this study. The structure is a well‐designed and ductile building capable of supporting higher loads and is considered to be repairable and intact.
Impact of preanaesthetic electrocardiogram on decision making and modification of anaesthetic protocols in dogs
Authors: Bustamante Rocío , González‐Pérez Eva , Caro‐Vadillo Alicia , Aguado Delia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective observational study explored the impact of preanaesthetic electrocardiogram (ECG) assessment on preoperative echocardiography requests and modifications to a standardised anaesthetic protocol in healthy dogs.MethodsA total of 228 healthy dogs with no previously diagnosed heart disease that underwent general anaesthesia at Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital from December 2017 to June 2018 were included. Preanaesthetic ECGs were assessed for abnormalities, and the findings were documented. The number of dogs requiring echocardiography, based on ECG findings, and the echocardiography results were recorded. All anaesthesia‐related decisions were documented.ResultsOverall, 72 dogs (31.6%) exhibited ECG abnormalities. Echocardiography was requested for five dogs (2.2%). The anaesthetic protocol was changed in 11 dogs (15.3% of those with ECG abnormalities). P wave disturbances, ventricular premature complexes and impulse conduction issues were abnormalities that prompted echocardiography. Bradycardia and electrical impulse conduction abnormalities influenced protocol modifications.LimitationsThe limited sample size meant that it was not possible to investigate potential correlations between demographics and ECG alterations.ConclusionsPreanaesthetic ECG screening was useful for promoting echocardiography and influencing anaesthesia plans in a subset of dogs. Despite this, further assessment of the impact of routine use of non‐targeted preoperative ECG on anaesthesia‐related outcomes is warranted.
Politicians and climate change: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Moore Brendan , Geese Lucas , Kenny John , Dudley Harriet , Jordan Andrew , Prados Pascual Alba , Lorenzoni Irene , Schaub Simon , Enguer Joan , Tosun Jale 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoliticians' engagement with climate change is the focus of an emerging literature, but this research has not been subjected to systematic analysis. To address this important gap, we perform a systematic review of 141 articles on politicians and climate change published between 1985 and 2021. We find a growing research area; almost half of the articles were published after 2018. Existing research is fragmented and focused on a small number of democracies in the Global North, with the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Norway and Australia being the most‐heavily studied. Substantively, we analyze politicians' motivations, the incentives and barriers they face, and the strategies they employ to block/enable climate action. We find evidence of politicians being both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated. Intrinsic motivations often derive from formative experiences occurring prior to entering politics. Extrinsic motivations most commonly include publics/voters and external events. Importantly, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations vary in different political contexts, and indeed these two motivations may pull politicians in different directions. Politicians may employ various strategies—such as reframing—to achieve their desired policy outcomes. Moreover, politicians' motivations and strategies in relation to climate change are not static, but often vary. We conclude that there is an urgent need for research on how politicians are enabled and/or constrained by political system characteristics. Research is especially called for in the Global South and/or less democratic systems, as well as on investigating how politicians are (not) decarbonizing difficult‐to‐abate sectors and how they reconcile the sometimes‐competing demands for climate change mitigation and adaptation.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Urbanization in Europe 2000–2018: Amount, Density, and Form
Authors: Evers David , Katurić Ivana , van der Wouden Ries 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of urban development in Europe in the 2000–2018 period, which has been greatly enabled by new land-use data. Urbanization (land take) was found to be greatest in the largest countries, but most intense in the Netherlands. When controlled for population, a different picture emerges with countries like Poland, Spain, and Iceland exhibiting relatively high urbanization rates. One drawback of the analysis was the failure of the data to adequately capture small-scale developments. Various measures were employed to measure densities, showing the complexity of this relatively simple but essential concept. Finally, European regions were evaluated by a manual assessment of urban form. This again revealed the heterogeneity of Europe, but also hotspots of ‘diffuse’ (urban sprawl) development.
Future Urbanization Pathways: Compact, Polycentric, or Diffuse
Authors: Evers David , van der Wouden Ries , Katurić Ivana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the three future urbanization scenarios created as part of the ESPON SUPER project: compact, polycentric, and diffuse. The research design is explained using a four-step procedure and discusses the distinction between exogenous (environmental) and normative (policy) scenarios. It also explores the qualitative and quantitative approaches for the analysis and communication of scenarios and, specifically, the use of the LUISETTA land-allocation model to simulate urbanization in the three scenarios. After presenting the scenario storylines, the impacts on the physical landscape are discussed as well as changes in urbanization and population density. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the potential of these scenarios to serve as a basis for public debate on preferred policy directions and as a tool for drafting a strategy to achieve sustainable urbanization.
The Sustainability of European Urbanization
Authors: Evers David , Katurić Ivana , van der Wouden Ries 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter critically examines the sustainability of urbanization in Europe. The first analysis appraises the changes in urban land cover and urban form in the 2000–2018 period, revealing a complex picture at the regional level. The second analysis applies an evidence-based sustainability assessment framework to three urban forms: compact, polycentric, and diffuse. This revealed trade-offs within and between dimensions of sustainability. The final analysis, based on case study research, examined how interventions affected development practices. This revealed that there is scope for positive change. The Chapter concludes with a reflection on the tensions between the domains of environment and planning and between academia and practice.
Interpreting 95 GeV di-photon/$$ b\overline{b} $$ excesses as a lightest Higgs boson of the MRSSM
Authors: Kalinowski Jan , Kotlarski Wojciech 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Minimal R-symmetric Supersymmetric Standard Model (MRSSM) is a well motivated BSM model which can accommodate the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson in agreement with electroweak precision observables, in particular with the W boson mass and T parameter. In the 2016 paper we showed that the SM-like 125 GeV Higgs state can be also realised as the second-to-lightest scalar of the MRSSM, leaving room for another sub-100 GeV state. Motivated by the recent ATLAS and CMS observation of the di-photon excess at a mass of around 95 GeV we investigate the possibility whether this could be the lightest CP-even MRSSM scalar in a variation of our benchmarks presented in the 2016 work. We show that such a state can also simultaneously explain the excess in the $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

final state observed around the same mass value at LEP. Due to the R-symmetric nature of the model, a light singlet-like Higgs state leads necessarily to a light bino-singlino Dirac dark matter candidate, which can give a correct relic density while evading current experimental bounds. Dark matter and LHC searches place further bounds on this scenario and point to parameter regions which are viable and of interest for the LHC Run III and upcoming dark matter experiments.
Effect of different optimization parameters in single isocenter multiple brain metastases radiosurgery
Authors: Altergot Angelika , Ohlmann Carsten , Nüsken Frank , Palm Jan , Hecht Markus , Dzierma Yvonne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Automated treatment planning for multiple brain metastases differs from traditional planning approaches. It is therefore helpful to understand which parameters for optimization are available and how they affect the plan quality. This study aims to provide a reference for designing multi-metastases treatment plans and to define quality endpoints for benchmarking the technique from a scientific perspective.

Methods
In all, 20 patients with a total of 183 lesions were retrospectively planned according to four optimization scenarios. Plan quality was evaluated using common plan quality parameters such as conformity index, gradient index and dose to normal tissue. Therefore, different scenarios with combinations of optimization parameters were evaluated, while taking into account dependence on the number of treated lesions as well as influence of different beams.

Results
Different scenarios resulted in minor differences in plan quality. With increasing number of lesions, the number of monitor units increased, so did the dose to healthy tissue and the number of interlesional dose bridging in adjacent metastases. Highly modulated cases resulted in 4–10% higher V10% compared to less complex cases, while monitor units did not increase. Changing the energy to a flattening filter free (FFF) beam resulted in lower local V12Gy (whole brain-PTV) and even though the number of monitor units increased by 13–15%, on average 46% shorter treatment times were achieved.

Conclusion
Although no clinically relevant differences in parameters where found, we identified some variation in the dose distributions of the different scenarios. Less complex scenarios generated visually more dose overlap; therefore, a more complex scenario may be preferred although differences in the quality metrics appear minor.