bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory potential of Grifola frondosa bioactive fractions on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase for management of hyperglycemia
Authors: Su Chun‐Han , Lu Tzy‐Ming , Lai Min‐Nan , Ng Lean‐Teik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study examined the inhibitory effects of Grifola frondosa (GF), a medicinal mushroom popularly consumed in traditional medicine and health food, on digestive enzymes related to type 2 diabetes; chemical profiles and inhibitory kinetics of its bioactive fractions were also analyzed. Results showed that all GF extracts showed weak anti‐α‐amylase activity; however, strong anti‐α‐glucosidase activity was noted on GF n‐hexane extract (GF‐H). Further fractionation confirmed that compared with acarbose (a commercial α‐glucosidase inhibitor), the nonpolar fraction of GF possessed a stronger anti‐α‐glucosidase activity but a weaker anti‐α‐amylase activity. These activities were not derived from ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide, two major compounds of this fraction. The inhibitory kinetics of GF‐H on α‐glucosidase was competitive inhibition. GF‐H was as good as acarbose in inhibiting the starch digestion in vitro. Oleic acid and linoleic acid could be the major active constituents that have contributed to the potency of GF in inhibiting α‐glucosidase activity.
Expression and characterization of Rv0447c product, potentially the methyltransferase involved in tuberculostearic acid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Meena Laxman S. , Kolattukudy Pappachan E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, a previously uncharacterized gene (Rv0447c) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, designated as an unknown fatty‐acid methyltransferase (ufaA1), was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. The biochemical characterization of the purified protein (UfaA1) showed it to be a methyltransferase that catalyzes biosynthesis of the tuberculostearic acid (10‐methylstearic‐acid, TSA), a significant constituent lipid of the mycobacterial cell wall and a clinical marker of the disease. Here, we show that UfaA1 transfers the methyl group from S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) to the double bond of oleic acid in phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine to produce TSA. Optimal activity was obtained between pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. The methyltransferase activity of UfaA1 was severely inhibited by S‐adenosyl‐l‐homocysteine. The Km values for dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine, SAM, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate were 14, 13, and 83 µM, respectively, with Vmax of 1.3–1.6 nmol/Min. These results identify the Rv0447c gene product of M. tuberculosis as the methyltransferase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of TSA. This provides new information in mycobacterial cell wall synthesis.
Climate Change and Financial Performance in Times of Crisis
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , García‐Sánchez Isabel M. , da Silva Vieira Cléber 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOver the past years there has been a debate on the relationship between the environmental and financial performance of businesses, but researchers have not reached any agreement. This research attempts to explore this relationship, especially as in recent years there has been controversy about how this relationship has been affected by the global economic crisis. Taking into account that successfully limiting global climate change to safe levels in the long term is likely to require connecting climate change policies to sustainable development strategies, this paper focuses on the performance of environmental policies. We used a sample of 855 international companies in sectors of intensive greenhouse gas/CO2 emissions. Specifically, we used data from the Forbes Global 2000 Index and Carbon Disclosure Project data from 2006 to 2009. The data analysis was performed using panel data methodology. The results obtained show that in times of economic crisis, the synergy between environmental and financial performance is higher, meaning that companies must continue to invest in sustainable projects in order to enhance relations with their stakeholders, leading to higher economic profits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Effects of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Regulation on Company Management and Competitiveness
Authors: Daddi Tiberio , Giacomo Maria Rosa De , Testa Francesco , Frey Marco , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn the literature there are several studies about the effects of environmental policies and regulations on the management and competitiveness of businesses. Some of these studies focus on the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, but only a few investigate the effects of IPPC permits in depth. This paper aims to bridge this gap by illustrating the results of cross‐country empirical research. We analyse 225 IPPC permits of companies located in seven European regions and issued by different competent authorities.Results show differences in terms of requirements, emission limit values and monitoring frequencies, which are not always justifiable by the flexibility afforded by the Directive. These differences have different impacts on the competitive strategies and environmental management of companies within the same sector but located in different countries. We explore how some differences could influence company costs, contributing to the literature debate about the effects of direct regulation on competitiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Self‐Governance for Sustainable Global Supply Chains: Can it Deliver the Impacts Needed?
Authors: Vermeulen Walter J.V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe world community convened in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 for the third UN Conference on Sustainable Development. We are, however, increasingly facing major persistent threats, which despite being known for a few decades are still far from being solved – or are even still increasing. On the individual business level, this has four major implications: increased social pressures; possible reputational damage; exposure to resource wars; and front‐running competitors adjusting their value chain strategies. In supply chain governance this leads to four main types of strategies: do it yourself; join forces; the 5C‐approach and harmonising. The key question is: is this sufficient? Imagine 2022 – where will we be 10 years after Rio 2012? Is a rapid and structural transition to a circular and fair global economy possible, using this path of self‐governance for products traded in the global economic arena? This will strongly depend on four key factors: rapid growth of consumer demand; ‘all‐inclusiveness’ of these supply chain governance approaches; successful uplifting production practices of all suppliers; and addressing the major issues of unsustainability. Here we see various serious weaknesses, like the lack of third‐order evaluation and biases causing some of the more recent issues to be overlooked and less visible supply chains. The challenge is to develop a form of ‘meta’‐governance, including new approaches by governments, combining public policy strategies with the demonstrated virtues of self‐governance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Superoxide Reductase: Different Interaction Modes with its Two Redox Partners
Authors: Almeida Rui M. , Turano Paola , Moura Isabel , Moura José J. G. , Pauleta Sofia R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAnaerobic organisms have molecular systems to detoxify reactive oxygen species when transiently exposed to oxygen. One of these systems is superoxide reductase, which reduces O2.− to H2O2 without production of molecular oxygen. In order to complete the reduction of superoxide anion, superoxide reductase requires an electron, delivered by its redox partners, which in Desulfovibrio gigas are rubredoxin and/or desulforedoxin. In this work, we characterized the interaction of Desulfovibrio gigas superoxide reductase with both electron donors by using steady‐state kinetics, 2D NMR titrations, and backbone relaxation measurements. The rubredoxin surface involved in the electron transfer complex with superoxide reductase comprises the solvent‐exposed hydrophobic residues in the vicinity of its metal center (Cys9, Gly10, Cys42, Gly43, and Ala44), and a Kd of 3 μM at 59 mM ionic strength was estimated by NMR. The ionic strength dependence of superoxide‐mediated rubredoxin oxidation by superoxide reductase has a maximum kapp of (37±12) min−1 at 157 mM. Relative to the electron donor desulforedoxin, its complex with superoxide reductase was not detected by chemical shift perturbation, though this protein is able to transfer electrons to superoxide reductase with a maximum kapp of (31±7) min−1 at an ionic strength of 57 mM. Competition experiments using steady‐state kinetics and NMR spectroscopy (backbone relaxation measurements and use of a paramagnetic relaxation enhancement probe) with Fe‐desulforedoxin in the presence of 15N‐Zn‐rubredoxin showed that these two electron donors compete for the same site on the enzyme surface, as shown in the model structure of the complex generated by using restrained molecular docking calculations. These combined strategies indicate that the two small electron donors bind in different manners, with the desulforedoxin complex being a short lived electron transfer complex or more dynamic, with many equivalent kinetically competent orientations.
Role of Peroxide in the Catalytic Activity of Gold for Oxidation Reactions in Aqueous Media: An Electrochemical Study
Authors: Kwon Youngkook , Raaijman Stefan J. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIt has been suggested that peroxide could act as an enhancing agent for gold‐catalyzed oxidation reactions in the aqueous phase. Here, we probe the potential role of peroxide in the catalytic oxidation of glycerol on gold in the aqueous phase by electrochemical techniques and find that neither the presence of oxygen nor peroxide leads to a significant enhancement of the overall oxidation activity or product selectivity at low temperature. In alkaline media, there appears to be a small suppression of the formation of glyceraldehyde in the presence of hydrogen peroxide but there is no major influence on the overall oxidation pathway. In neutral and acidic media, glycerol oxidation on gold has low activity.
Sorbent‐Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming Reaction Studied over a Ca‐Based CO2 Sorbent and Ni Catalyst
Authors: Broda M. , Kierzkowska A. M. , Müller C. R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe sorption‐enhanced steam methane reforming (SE‐SMR) reaction using a mixture of a Ni‐hydrotalcite‐derived catalyst synthesized via coprecipitation and Ca‐based sorbents synthesized by the sol‐gel technique was investigated. The materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy. Under SE‐SMR conditions, the mole fraction of hydrogen in the effluent stream was 0.99 in the pre‐breakthrough stage (dry and without inert component), thus reaching thermodynamic equilibrium. The stability of the synthetic Ca‐based material was attributed to the formation of a finely and homogeneously dispersed high Tammann temperature support which stabilized its nanostructured morphology.
ChemInform Abstract: Change of the Cerium Valence with Temperature — Structure and Chemical Bonding of HT‐CeRhGe.
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Hermes Wilfried , Chevalier Bernard , Matar Samir F. , Gaudin Etienne , Vosswinkel Daniel , Chernyshov Dmitry , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline CeRhGe is prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Bromide‐Derivatized Lanthanoid(III) ortho‐Oxomolybdates(VI) LnBr[MoO4] (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Lu).
Authors: Schustereit Tanja , Henning Harald , Schleid Thomas , Hartenbach Ingo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLnBr[MoO4] (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Lu) are prepared by solid state reaction of LnBr3, Ln2O3, and MoO3 in the molar ratio of 1:1:3 (evacuated silica ampoules, 820 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Visualization of the Diffusional Pathway of Oxide Ions in a Layered Perovskite‐Type Cobaltite PrBaCo2O5+δ.
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ching , Yashima Masatomo , Pena‐Martinez Juan , Kilner John A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe crystal structure and oxide‐ion diffusion pathway of the title compound at 596 and 1000 °C are characterized by in situ high‐temperature neutron powder diffraction and a maximum‐entropy method based nuclear density analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in NaA Zeolite Cages.
Authors: Kulshreshtha S. K. , Vijayalakshmi R. , Sudarsan V. , Salunke H. G. , Bhargava S. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNaA zeolites of general composition Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2 ·nH2O·xFe2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.13, 0.17) are prepared from aqueous solutions of sodium metasilicate, sodium aluminate, ferric nitrate, and NaOH (autoclave, 85 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosized Rare‐Earth Hexaborides: Low‐Temperature Preparation and Microstructural Analysis.
Authors: Aprea Alessia , Maspero Angelo , Masciocchi Norberto , Guagliardi Antonietta , Albisetti Alessandro Figini , Giunchi Giovanni 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRare earth hexaborides LnB6 (Ln: Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb) are prepared from mixtures of LnCl3·6H2O and MgB2 (650 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of Pb6B3O10X (X: F, Cl, Br).
Authors: Dong Lingyun , Pan Shilie , Wu Hongping , Su Xin , Yu Hongwei , Wang Ying , Chen Zhaohui , Huang Zhenjun , Yang Zhihua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCompounds (III) and (V) crystallize isotypically in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: The Ternary Germanides UMnGe and U2Mn3Ge.
Authors: Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer , Chevalier Bernard , Gaudin Etienne , Matar Samir F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized by induction levitation melting of the elements and subsequent annealing at 1070 K for 10 d.
ChemInform Abstract: Zr2Fe12As7 and Hf2+xFe12‐yAs7 with Zr2Fe12P7 Type Structure: Iron Arsenides with Layered Sections from LiFeAs Structure.
Authors: Bischoff M. , Shlyk L. , Niewa R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe new compound Zr2Fe12As7 is synthesized from the elements at 1110 °C (pressed pellet, alumina crucible in a sealed Ta tube, 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Polyanionic Topologies in Ag2VAsO6 and Ag6V2As2O13.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Curda Jan , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAg2VAsO6 (I) and Ag6V2As2O13 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ag2O, V2O5, and As2O3 under high oxygen pressure (autoclave, Au tubes; for (I): 40 mPa O2, 750 K, 72 h; for (II): 55 MPa., 750 K, 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cyanation of Isatin Derived N‐Boc Ketoimines.
Authors: Liu Yun‐Lin , Zhou Jian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric Strecker reaction of title compounds (I) which enables highly enantioselective synthesis of oxindole based α‐amino nitriles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Robust Palladium(II)—Porphyrin Complex as Catalyst for Visible Light Induced Oxidative C—H Functionalization.
Authors: To Wai‐Pong , Liu Yungen , Lau Tai‐Chu , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe newly developed Pd‐porphyrin complex is an efficient catalyst for different photoinduced oxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Oxidation of Aldehydes to Mixed Anhydrides.
Authors: Toledo Hila , Pisarevsky Evgeni , Abramovich Adi , Szpilman Alex M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTEMPO catalyzes the direct oxidation of aldehydes (I) to mixed anhydrides in the presence of pivalic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl‐Catalyzed ortho Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes with a Pivalamido Directing Group.
Authors: Cai Shangjun , Chen Chao , Sun Zelin , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Cu‐catalyzed direct trifluoromethylation of aromatic C—H bonds is achieved using Togni′s reagent as the CF3 source.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines with Ion‐Supported Ph3P.
Authors: Kawagoe Yuhsuke , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe substrate scope of the amidation reaction of carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of CCl3Br and an ion‐supported phosphine is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Core—Shell AgNP@CeO2 Nanocomposite Catalyst for Highly Chemoselective Reductions of Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Matoba Motoshi , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDifferent unsaturated aldehydes are hydrogenated by using the title nanocomposite (17 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalytic Oxidation of n‐Propanol to Produce Propionic Acid Using an Electrocatalytic Membrane Reactor.
Authors: Li Jiao , Li Jianxin , Wang Hong , Cheng Bowen , He Benqiao , Yan Feng , Yang Yang , Guo Wenshan , Ngo Huu Hao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn electrocatalytic membrane reactor assembled using a nano‐MnO2 loading microporous Ti membrane as an anode and a tubular stainless steel as a cathode is used to oxidize PrOH to produce propionic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Functionalized Carbocycles Having Contiguous Tertiary Carbinol and All‐Carbon Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Reddy Chennakesava , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Aslam Nayyar Ahmad , Rajkumar Vadla 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn efficient and highly stereoselective method for the synthesis of a wide range of different substituted carbocycles with β‐hydroxy ester functionalization is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Efficient Organocatalytic Enantioselective α‐Hydroxyamination Reactions of β‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Mailhol Damien , Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Mohanan Kishor , Abonia Rodrigo , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn some cases an increase in catalyst loading from 0.5 mol% to 10 mol% results in higher enantioselectivity of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Carbofunctionalization of Alkynes to Highly Functionalized Tetrasubstituted Alkenes.
Authors: Suero Marcos G. , Bayle Elliott D. , Collins Beatrice S. L. , Gaunt Matthew J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHighly functionalized tri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkenyl triflates are prepared from alkynes and vinyl(aryl) or diaryliodonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Method for C‐Devinylation of Aromatic Systems.
Authors: Bharate Sandip B. , Mudududdla Ramesh , Sharma Rohit , Vishwakarma Ram A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe attempt to cause formylation of vinylic systems bearing a 2,4,6‐trimethoxybenzene moiety fails and the devinylated product (III) is formed instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction of Allyl 2‐En‐4‐ynyl Ethers to 1,3,6‐Trien‐4‐yl Ketones.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Graf Katharina , Ackermann Martin , Rominger Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction proceeds under mild conditions which are crucial as harsher conditions would not be tolerated due to the high degree of conjugation in the products.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tandem Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Ketcham John M. , Biannic Berenger , Aponick Aaron 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn Au‐catalyzed intermolecular hydroxyalkoxylation of alkynes (II) and (VI) with allylic alcohols provides allyl vinylethers that subsequently undergo [3,3]‐sigmatropic Claisen rearrangement to furnish γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones in a single step in good yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Chemoselective Oxidation of Activated Alcohols and Direct Conversion of Diols to Lactones with in situ‐Generated Bis‐IBX Catalyst.
Authors: Seth Saona , Jhulki Samik , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDifferent substituted primary alcohols can be converted to acids or aldehydes by simply changing the solvent and the temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Calcium Iodide for Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of Malonates with Imines Providing β‐Aminocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsuo , Shimizu Shota , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA chiral air‐ and moisture‐stable calcium iodide catalyst, generated in situ from CaI2 and pybox‐ligands, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ethyl Nitroacetate to Enones Using Natural Amino Acids‐Derived C1‐Symmetric Chiral Primary—Secondary Diamines.
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Liu Qiang , Gong Yuefa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn optimal catalyst system is elaborated for the synthesis of various chiral γ‐nitroketone adducts, which represent important building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Amide Formation in One Pot from Carboxylic Acids and Amines via Carboxyl and Sulfinyl Mixed Anhydrides.
Authors: Zambron Bartosz K. , Dubbaka Srinivas R. , Markovic Dean , Moreno‐Clavijo Elena , Vogel Pierre 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe method can be extended to the preparation of di‐ and tripeptides without epimerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Amidation of Aldehydes with Primary Amines under Mild Conditions Catalyzed by Diolefin‐Amine—RhI Complexes.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lugo Rafael E. , Trincado Monica , Gruetzmacher Hansjoerg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction tolerates aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes and amines and proceeds with ammonia as well.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Addition of Lithiated Ynamides to Ellman—Davis Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imines.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Na , Hsung Richard P. , Qi Rui , Fox Sierra K. , Lv Ming‐Can 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction of lithiated ynamides with the chiral sulfinyl imines is diastereoselective affording the products with the (S) configuration at the propargylic carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Schiff Base Derived Palladium Catalyst for the Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Shahnaz Nasifa , Banik Biplab , Das Pankaj 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOptimized conditions including complex PSB are developed for the coupling reactions of less reactive aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hiyama‐Type Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Arenesulfinates with Organosilanes.
Authors: Cheng Kai , Hu Sai , Zhao Baoli , Zhang Xian‐Man , Qi Chenze 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe title method allows a new, straightforward, and mild access to a wide range of biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylations of 1,2,4‐Trimethoxybenzene with Aldehydes or Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Wilsdorf Michael , Leichnitz Daniel , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn operationally simple and mild protocol for double arylation of aldehydes and for substitutions of benzylic alcohols is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation of Benzoylacrylic Acids Toward the Synthesis of Chalcones.
Authors: Unoh Yuto , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTwo simple routes to synthetically and biologically important chalcones are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Aminated α‐Methylenebenzocycloalkenes from o‐Bromoaryl Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Sirvent Juan Alberto , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe authors report on a two‐step synthesis to the title cycloalkenes via an indium‐promoted allylation reaction, followed by a Heck‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)/Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Aryl 1‐Cyanoalk‐5‐ynyl Ketone System: Rapid Assembly of Cyclopenta[b]naphthalene and Benzo[b]fluorene Derivatives.
Authors: Wong Ying‐Chieh , Kao Tzu‐Ting , Yeh Yu‐Cheng , Hsieh Bing‐Siou , Shia Kak‐Shan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA variety of cyclopenta[b]naphthalene (III) and (X) as well as benzo[b]fluorene derivatives (VIII) is prepared via sequential Pd(0)/Cu(I)‐catalyzed radical cyclization of aryl 1‐cyanoalk‐5‐ynyl ketone systems.