bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Power Hand Tool Fastening Accuracy and Reaction Forces
Authors: Radwin Robert G. , Chourasia Amrish O. , Howery Robert S. , Fronczak Frank J. , Yen Thomas Y. , Subedi Yashpal , Sesto Mary E. 
Published: October 2013

Objective: A laboratory study investigated the relationship between power hand tool and task-related factors affecting threaded fastener torque accuracy and associated handle reaction force. Background: We previously developed a biodynamic model to predict handle reaction forces. We hypothesized that torque accuracy was related to the same factors that affect operator capacity to react against impulsive tool forces, as predicted by the model. Method: The independent variables included tool (pistol grip on a vertical surface, right angle on a horizontal surface), fastener torque rate (hard, soft), horizontal distance (30 cm and 60 cm), and vertical distance (80 cm, 110 cm, and 140 cm). Ten participants (five male and five female) fastened 12 similar bolts for each experimental condition. Results: Average torque error (audited − target torque) was affected by fastener torque rate and operator position. Torque error decreased 33% for soft torque rates, whereas handle forces greatly increased (170%). Torque error also decreased for the far horizontal distance 7% to 14%, when vertical distance was in the middle or high, but handle force decreased slightly 3% to 5%. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that although both tool and task factors affect fastening accuracy, they each influence handle reaction forces differently. We conclude that these differences are attributed to different parameters each factor influences affecting the dynamics of threaded faster tool operation. Fastener torque rate affects the tool dynamics, whereas posture affects the spring-mass-damping biodynamic properties of the human operator. Application: The prediction of handle reaction force using an operator biodynamic model may be useful for codifying complex and unobvious relationships between tool and task factors for minimizing torque error while controlling handle force.
The State and the Caudillo
Authors: Morales Rafael Acosta 
Published: October 2013

Yuri Herrera’s novel Trabajos del reino depicts the nation-within-a-nation constructed by a drug trafficker called “the King” in a fictional city much like northern Mexico’s Ciudad Juárez. The Kingdom it describes creates the possibility of a political identity for the dispossessed and is reminiscent of what Hobsbawm has identified as social banditry, positioned between the people and the state and replacing the latter. The narco is not only a drug dealer but a guarantor of social order—an outlaw in almost all his manifestations but occasionally also a source of law. While the drug cartel violates the social contract implicitly assumed by the state, the state breaks that contract in its treatment of dispossessed communities. Failure to recognize the similarities between the state and its bandit counterpart prevents the creation of a stable environment that can offer peace to its citizens. La novela Trabajos del reino de Yuri Herrera presenta la nación dentro de una nación construida por un narcotraficante llamado “El rey” en una ciudad ficticia que se asemeja a la actual Ciudad Juárez, en el norte de México. El reino descrito genera la posibilidad de una identidad política para los desposeídos y recuerda aquello que Hobsbawm ha identificado como bandolerismo social, situado entre el pueblo y el estado y reemplazando al último. El narco no sólo es un traficante de drogas sino un garante del orden social—un forajido en casi todas sus manifestaciones pero a veces también una fuente de derecho. Mientras que el cartel de drogas viola el contrato social implícito con el estado, el estado rompe ese contrato en su tratamiento de las comunidades desposeídas. La incapacidad de reconocer las similitudes entre el estado y su contraparte bandida impide la creación de un entorno estable que ofrezca paz a sus ciudadanos.
Mexico “Under Siege”
Authors: Carlos Alfredo 
Published: October 2013

The dominant discourse in the United States regarding Mexico has long painted it as an unruly place and its citizens as inferior. Most recently this discourse has centered on the drug trade and the violence associated with it. No one would disagree that Mexico has problems of drug-related violence and crime, but the U.S. discourse distorts and misrepresents the country. Its purpose is to provide justification for economic paternalism and a relationship that can only be called imperialism as the United States has sought increased capital penetration in that country. Hace mucho que el discurso dominante en los Estados Unidos con respecto a México pinta al país como lugar ingobernable y sus ciudadanos como inferiores. Más recientemente este discurso se centra en el narcotráfico y su violencia. Nadie niega que México tiene problemas de narcoviolencia y crimen, pero el discurso estadounidense distorsiona y falsifica al país. Su propósito queda en darle justificación al paternalismo económico y a una relación que solo puede llamarse imperialismo en cuanto los Estados Unidos ha buscado mayor penetración de capital en ese país.
Drug Trafficking and Political Power
Authors: Duncan Gustavo 
Published: October 2013

Case studies of drug trafficking in Colombia and Mexico illuminate the effects of mafias on the relationship between political power and the social order. First, in addition to extracting income, mafias seek to impose social orders in peripheral spaces of society, mainly as an unintended consequence of the most obvious reason for their intervention in politics: to provide immunity to criminals facing potential threats of state repression. This objective makes them rivals of the state, and this competition is not only a matter of their ability to corrupt it. Their capacity for regulating society is essentially a result of their coercive power, and as a consequence their existence is a challenge to the Weberian premise of the modern state as a monopoly on coercion. What we see in Colombia and Mexico today is oligopolies of coercion, a situation in which several organizations have simultaneous and overlapping control of the means of coercion necessary to regulate societal transactions. Estudios de caso del narcotráfico en Colombia y México iluminan los efectos de las mafias en la relación entre el poder político y el orden social. Primero, más allá de la extracción de ingresos, las mafias buscan imponer un orden social en los espacios periféricos de la sociedad, principalmente como consecuencia no intencionada de su razón obvia por intervenir en la política: proveer inmunidad a los criminales enfrentados con la represión de parte del estado. Este objetivo los hace rivales del estado, y esta competencia no acaba en solo su habilidad para corromperlo. Su capacidad para regular a la sociedad es esencialmente consecuencia de su poder y, como consecuencia de su existencia, un reto a la premisa weberiana del estado moderno como monopolio coercitivo. Lo que se ve en Colombia y México hoy día son oligopolios de coerción en donde varias organizaciones tienen coincidencia simultánea en los medios de coerción necesarios para regular a las transacciones sociales.
Multiportal Robotic Access to the Anterior Cranial Fossa: A Surgical and Engineering Feasibility Study
Authors: Bly Randall A. , Su David , Lendvay Thomas S. , Friedman Diana , Hannaford Blake , Ferreira Manuel , Moe Kris S. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveIntegration of robotic surgical technology into skull base surgery is limited due to minimum angle requirements between robotic tools (narrow funnel effect), steep angle of approach, and instrumentation size. The objectives of this study were to systematically analyze surgical approach portals using a computer model, determine optimal approaches, and assess feasibility of the derived approaches on robotic surgical systems.Study DesignComputer analysis on 10 computed tomography scans was performed to determine approach trajectories, angles between robotic tools, and distances to specified skull base target locations for transorbital and transnasal surgical approach portals.SettingDry laboratory and cadaver laboratory.Subjects and MethodsThe optimal combinations were tested on the da Vinci and Raven robotic systems.ResultsMultiportal analyses showed the angles between 2 robotic tools were 14.7, 28.3, and 52.0 degrees in the cases of 2 transnasal portals, combined transnasal and medial orbit portals, and bilateral superior orbit portals, respectively, approaching a prechiasmatic target. The addition of medial and superior transorbital portals improved the skull base trajectory angles 21 and 27 degrees, respectively. Two robotic tools required an angle of at least 20 degrees between them to function effectively at skull base targets.ConclusionTechnical feasibility of robotic transorbital and transnasal approaches to access sella and parasellar target locations was demonstrated. This technique addresses the 2 major drawbacks of (1) the narrow funnel effect generated from portals in close proximity and (2) the steep angle of approach to the skull base, as observed in previous studies analyzing transoral, transcervical, transmaxillary, and transhyoid portals.
Reviewing the Systematic Reviews in OSA Surgery
Authors: Certal Victor , Nishino Naoya , Camacho Macario , Capasso Robson 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThere is an extensive amount of literature on surgeries as treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on adults. Previous systematic reviews have been performed to summarize the outcomes for sleep surgeries, with conflicting results. The objective of this study was to critically evaluate these systematic reviews to provide an overview of their quality, strengths, and conclusions.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration databases were searched from inception to April 2013.Review MethodsAn overview of systematic reviews was undertaken. Studies included in this review are the systematic reviews whose primary objective was to evaluate the outcomes of sleep apnea surgery on adults. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed with AMSTAR checklist, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE assessment tool. Primary outcome measures assessed the effect of surgery on snoring, sleepiness, and the apnea‐hypopnea index.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in this study, and the pooled overview includes 378 studies. The systematic reviews were mostly graded as low quality using the GRADE tool and low to moderate according to the AMSTAR checklist. Outcome for apnea‐hypopnea index demonstrated substantial variation leading to conflicting results. Despite a high amount of heterogeneity, outcomes for sleepiness and snoring demonstrated significant improvement across included reviews.ConclusionsAlthough obstructive sleep apnea surgery is associated with improved outcomes in most studies, the level and quality of evidence reviews requires improvement.
Differential immunoglobulin class-mediated responses to components of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle in systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Mesa A , Somarelli JA , Wu W , Martinez L , Blom MB , Greidinger EL , Herrera RJ 
Published: October 2013

Objective The objective of this paper is to determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) possess differential IgM- and IgG-specific reactivity against peptides from the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP). Methods The IgM- and IgG-mediated responses against 15 peptides from subunits of the U1 snRNP were assessed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in sera from patients with SLE and MCTD and healthy individuals ( n = 81, 41, and 31, respectively). Additionally, 42 laboratory tests and 40 clinical symptoms were evaluated to uncover potential differences. Binomial logistic regression analyses (BLR) were performed to construct models to support the independent nature of SLE and MCTD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves corroborated the classification power of the models. Results We analyzed IgM and IgG anti-U1 snRNP titers to classify SLE and MCTD patients. IgG anti-U1 snRNP reactivity segregates SLE and MCTD from nondisease controls with an accuracy of 94.1% while IgM-specific anti-U1 snRNP responses distinguish SLE from MCTD patients with an accuracy of 71.3%. Comparison of the IgG and IgM anti-U1 snRNP approach with clinical tests used for diagnosing SLE and MCTD revealed that our method is the best classification tool of those analyzed ( p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions Our IgM anti-U1 snRNP system along with lab tests and symptoms provide additional molecular and clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that SLE and MCTD may be distinct syndromes.
Turnaround Challenges of a State-owned Enterprise: A Case Study of Orissa Remote Sensing Application Centre, India
Authors: Ganesh S. Senthil , Kumar Niraj 
Published: October 2013

Orissa Remote Sensing Applications Centre (ORSAC), an autonomous technology organization established by the Government of Orissa, had grown tremendously; developing competencies in the fields of remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS) and space technology. Since ORSAC was established by the Government of Orissa, ORSAC’s relationship with the state, Department of Science (DoS), National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) and Space Application Centre (SAC) helped it to secure remote sensing and GIS projects effortlessly, thereby ensuring a steady revenue stream for ORSAC during the early days of its inception. Upon assuming the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Amiya Kumar Mohapatra, an Indian Forest Service officer, realized that he was unable to bring desired changes within the organization. Low motivation amongst the employees prevented the organization from growing and winning large-scale projects. ORSAC faced stiff competition from private players and other government agencies in the ever-advancing remote sensing and GIS market in India. The CEO realized that dependence on the government for patronage and funding had had a detrimental impact on ORSAC. The organization was unable to recognize the need for developing competencies in marketing its products and services to users until it was too late, and it had already lost large-scale projects in the manufacturing industry to private players. However, an increase in the salary expenses and the salary shortfall in comparison with Department of Science and Technology funding was forcing ORSAC to sustain its operational expenses by securing more projects from the open market. The organization was facing diverse challenges ranging from high operating costs, especially salary expenses, to low productivity of employees, which were affecting ORSAC’s competitiveness negatively. Additionally, the organization faced a near-permanent recruitment ban by the state government preventing it from sourcing key competencies from the market to keep pace with the changing technologies and customer demands. Thus, this case study aims to present diverse challenges of a state-owned enterprise by highlighting internal factors such as structural, financial and human resource challenges, as well as external factors such as technological change and competition in the industry, which influences organizational competitiveness and makes organizational turnaround a difficult task.
Belgian siblings of children with a chronic illness
Authors: Havermans Trudy , Croock Ilse De , Vercruysse Trui , Goethals Eveline , Diest Ilse Van 
Published: October 2013

To assess Belgian siblings’ self-reported quality of life (QoL) and the impact of illness on four different paediatric illnesses. Healthy siblings ( n = 131) of children with type 1 diabetes, cancer, congenital heart disease (CHD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) completed the Child Health Questionnaire and the Sibling Perception Questionnaire. Results were compared to those of a matched group of siblings of healthy children. Siblings reported a good QoL, similar to controls, with the exception that siblings reported better on the QoL domain pain ( p < .01). QoL was not related to time since diagnosis but the impact of illness was higher nearer to the time of diagnosis ( r = −.39, p < .001). QoL of siblings of children with CHD or cancer was lower than QoL in the CF or type 1 diabetes group whilst impact of illness was highest for the CHD group. QoL of siblings of a child with a chronic illness is similar to the QoL of peers. Studies investigating siblings’ QoL or the impact of illness on siblings should include the day-to-day demands of the illness as well as less obvious illness-related issues like ‘hidden stress’ and ‘sense of control’.
Experiences of expressing and storing colostrum antenatally
Authors: Brisbane Joanna M , Giglia Roslyn C 
Published: October 2013

This qualitative study explored the experiences and breastfeeding outcomes of a group of mothers who expressed colostrum in the antenatal period. In-depth interviews were conducted over the telephone with 12 women who had attended a unique antenatal lactation clinic appointment at 37 weeks’ gestation. Seven main response themes were identified. Most women reflected positively upon their attendance and reported that the experience of expressing colostrum allowed them to become familiar with their breasts and gave them a sense of security by having a supply of colostrum stored for possible use after birth. The main negative emotions reported were a sense of embarrassment at expressing the colostrum, particularly in front of another person, the difficulties with expressing colostrum and in one instance, the physical pain associated with the process. Antenatal expression of colostrum may improve maternal breastfeeding confidence. Further research using long-term records will determine whether this practice improves breastfeeding outcomes.
Influence of Stride Frequency and Length on Running Mechanics
Authors: Schubert Amy G. , Kempf Jenny , Heiderscheit Bryan C. 
Published: October 2013

Context: A high number of recreational runners sustain a running-related injury each year. To reduce injury risk, alterations in running form have been suggested. One simple strategy for running stride frequency or length has been commonly advocated. Objective: To characterize how running mechanics change when stride frequency and length are manipulated. Data Sources: In January 2012, a comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and Cochrane was performed independently by 2 reviewers. A second search of the databases was repeated in June 2012 to ensure that no additional studies met the criteria after the initial search. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria for studies were an independent variable including manipulation of stride frequency or length at a constant speed with outcome measures of running kinematics or kinetics. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently appraised each article using a modified version of the Quality Index, designed for assessing bias of nonrandomized studies. Results: Ten studies met the criteria for this review. There was consistent evidence that increased stride rate resulted in decreased center of mass vertical excursion, ground reaction force, shock attenuation, and energy absorbed at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. All but 1 study had a limited number of participants, with several methodological differences existing among studies (eg, overground and treadmill running, duration of test conditions). Although speed was held constant during testing, it was individually self-selected or fixed. Most studies used only male participants. Conclusion: Despite procedural differences among studies, an increased stride rate (reduced stride length) appears to reduce the magnitude of several key biomechanical factors associated with running injuries.
Symmetric duality for nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional variational problems involving cones
Authors: Kang Young Min , Kim Do Sang , Kim Moon Hee 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We introduce a pair of symmetric dual problems for nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional variational problems with cone constraints over arbitrary cones. On the basis of weak efficiency, we obtain symmetric duality relations for Mond-Weir-type problems under invexity and pseudoinvexity assumptions. Our symmetric duality results extend and improve some known results in Mishra et al. (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 333:1093-1110, 2007) to the cone constraints.

MSC:90C29, 90C32, 90C26.
MiR-155 promotes proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through targeting tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1
Authors: Zhang Chun-Mei , Zhao Jing , Deng Hua-Yu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
MiR-155 has emerged as an “oncomiR”, which is the most significantly up-regulated miRNA in breast cancer. However, the mechanisms of miR-155 functions as an oncomiR are mainly unknown. In this study, the aims were to investigate the effects of miR-155 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis of ERalpha (+) breast cancer cells and to verify whether TP53INP1 (tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1) is a target of miR-155, and tried to explore the mechanisms of miR-155 in this process.

Results
The expression of miR-155 is significantly higher in MCF-7 cells compared with MDA-MB-231 cells. Ectopic expression of TP53INP1 inhibits growth of MCF-7 cells by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell cycle progression. Overexpression of miR-155 increases cell proliferation and suppress cell apoptosis, whereas abrogating expression of miR-155 suppress cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. In addition, miR-155 negatively regulates TP53INP1 mRNA expression and the protein expression of TP53INP1, cleaved-caspase-3, -8, -9, and p21, and luciferase reporter reveals that TP53INP1 is targeted by miR-155.

Conclusions
TP53INP1 is the direct target of miR-155. MiR-155, which is overexpressed in MCF-7 cells, contributes to proliferation of MCF-7 cells possibly through down-regulating target TP53INP1.
Quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with Fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: Kugler Karl G , Siegwart Gerald , Nussbaumer Thomas , Ametz Christian , Spannagl Manuel , Steiner Barbara , Lemmens Marc , Mayer Klaus FX , Buerstmayr Hermann , Schweiger Wolfgang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundFusarium head blight (FHB) caused byFusarium graminearumSchwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and other small grain cereals. Resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been described. Two well-validated and highly reproducible QTL,Fhb1andQfhs.ifa-5Ahave been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified.ResultsWe have investigated a gene co-expression network activated in response toF. graminearumusing RNA-seq data from near-isogenic lines, harboring either the resistant or the susceptible allele forFhb1andQfhs.ifa-5A. The network identified pathogen-responsive modules, which were enriched for differentially expressed genes between genotypes or different time points after inoculation with the pathogen. Central gene analysis identified transcripts associated with either QTL within the network. Moreover, we present a detailed gene expression analysis of four gene families (glucanases, NBS-LRR, WRKY transcription factors and UDP-glycosyltransferases), which take prominent roles in the pathogen response.ConclusionsA combination of a network-driven approach and differential gene expression analysis identified genes and pathways associated withFhb1andQfhs.ifa-5A. We find G-protein coupled receptor kinases and biosynthesis genes for jasmonate and ethylene earlier induced forFhb1. Similarly, we find genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of riboflavin more abundant forQfhs.ifa-5A.