bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk factors among Roma and non-Roma populations in underprivileged settlements
Authors: Andréka Lilla , Csenteri-Bárdos Orsolya , Szőllősi Gergő József , Andréka Péter , Jancsó Zoltán , Vajer Péter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The ‘Taking the screening tests close to the people’ program offers cardiovascular screening to the inhabitants of underprivileged settlements. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors of underprivileged populations, including individuals who described themselves as belonging to the Roma population.

Methods
During the program, we collected information about demographic features, lifestyle and current illnesses. A general health assessment (body weight, height, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose) and cardiovascular examination were performed. We analysed data on both Roma and non-Roma groups and used Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression models to analyse the factors that contribute to the onset of comorbidities, with a special focus on ethnicity.

Results
Data from 6211 participants were processed. Based on self-reports, the non-Roma population consisted of 5352 respondents (1364 men (25.5%) and 3988 women (74.5%)), and the Roma population comprised 859 respondents (200 men (23.3%) and 659 women (76.7%)). A total of 91.2% (4849) of the non-Roma population and 92.5% (788) of the Roma population exercised less than 3 h per week (p < 0.001). Of the non-Roma population, 71.7% (3512) had a body mass index above 25 kg/m2, while the corresponding figure was 72.4% (609) in the Roma population (p = 0.709). The median body mass index was 28.0 (24.6–31.9) in the non-Roma population and 28.8 (24.5–33.0) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of active smokers was 28.7% (1531) in the non-Roma population and 60.3% (516) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was 54.9% (2824) in the non-Roma population and 49.8% (412) in the Roma population (p < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was 11.5% (95) in the Roma population and 12.2% (619) in the non-Roma population (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We found a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, a lack of physical activity and an remarkably high smoking rate in the studied underprivileged population. Both type 2 diabetes and hypertension were more common among people living in underprivileged settlements than in the general Hungarian population. People living in underprivileged settlements need more attention in primary care.
Artemisinin pre-treatment fore cisplatin dosage enhances high grade urothelial carcinoma treatment in male albino mice via reverse gene expression modulation of FGFR3, HRAS, P53 and KDM6A
Authors: Botrous Silvia , Elmaghraby Ayaat , Achy Samar El , Mustafa Yehia , Abdel-Rahman Salah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Urinary bladder cancer, is the 10th most common global cancer, diagnosed in over 600,000 people causing 200,000 deaths annually. Artemisinin and its derivatives are safe compounds that have recently been proven to possess potent anti-tumor effects in vivo, through inhibition of cancer cell growth. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of artemisinin as a cancer treatment alone and as a pre-treatment fore cisplatin therapy for high grade urothelial carcinoma.

Methods
Sixty male albino mice were divided into six groups, and BBN was used to induce urinary bladder cancer. Blood samples were tested for renal functions and complete blood counts, kidney and urinary bladder tissues were harvested for histopathological examination. Total RNAs from urinary bladder tissues was collected, and gene expression of FGFR3, HRAS, P53, and KDM6A was quantified using qRT-PCR.

Results
Compared to the induced cancer group, the results revealed that FGFR3 expression levels were down-regulated in the induced cancer group treated by artemisinin only and the induced cancer group pre-treated with artemisinin prior to cisplatin by ~ 0.86-fold and 0.4-folds, respectively, aligning with HRAS down-regulation by ~ 9.54-fold and 9.05-fold, respectively. Whereas, P53 expression levels were up-regulated by ~ 0.68-fold and 0.84-fold, respectively, in parallel with KDM6A expression, which is up-regulated by ~ 0.95-folds and 5.27-folds, respectively. Also, serum creatinine and urea levels decreased significantly in the induced cancer group treated by artemisinin alone and the induced cancer group pre-treated with artemisinin prior to cisplatin, whereas the induced cancer group treated by cisplatin their levels increased significantly. Moreover, Hb, PLT, RBC, and WBC counts improved in both cancer groups treated by artemisinin alone and pre-treated with artemisinin prior to cisplatin. Histologically, in kidney tissues, artemisinin pre-treatment significantly reduced renal injury caused by cisplatin. While Artemisinin treatment for cancer in bladder tissues reverted invasive urothelial carcinoma to moderate urothelial dysplasia.

Conclusions
This study indicates that artemisinin demonstrated a significant effect in reversal of the multi-step carcinogenesis process of high grade urothelial carcinoma and could enhance the effect of cisplatin therapy using artemisinin pre-treatment.
The association of circulating systemic inflammation with premature death and the protective role of the Mediterranean diet: a large prospective cohort study of UK biobank
Authors: Liu ShiJian , Yang Ruiming , Zuo Yingdong , Qiao Conghui , Jiang Wenbo , Cheng Weilun , Wei Wei , Liu Zijie , Geng Yiding , Dong Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Although previous studies have identified specific circulating inflammatory markers associated with the risk of mortality, they have often overlooked the broader impact of a comprehensive inflammatory response on health outcomes. This study aims to assess the association between circulating systemic inflammation and age-related hospitalization and premature death, as well as explore the potential mediating effects of various dietary patterns on these associations.

Methods
A total of 448,574 participants enrolled in the UK Biobank study were included. Circulating C-reactive protein(CRP), white blood cell count(WBC), platelet count(Plt), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR) were measured, which were used to establish a weighted systemic inflammatory index of inflammation index(INFLA-Score). Dietary intake information was documented through 24-hour dietary recalls, and dietary pattern scores including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH), Mediterranean(MED), and Healthy Eating Index-2020(HEI-2020) were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to assess the associations between INFLA-Score and age-related disease hospitalization, cause-specific and all-cause premature death.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.65 years, 23,784 premature deaths were documented. After adjusting for multiple covariates, higher levels of CRP, WBC, NLR, and INFLA-Score were significantly associated with increased risks of age-related disease hospitalization(HRCRP=1.19; 95%:1.17–1.21; HRWBC=1.17; 95%:1.15–1.19; HRNLR=1.18; 95%:1.16–1.20; HRINFLA−Score=1.19; 95%:1.17–1.21) and premature death(HRCRP=1.68; 95%:1.61–1.75; HRWBC=1.23; 95%:1.18–1.27; HRNLR=1.45; 95%:1.40–1.50; HRINFLA−Score=1.58; 95%:1.52–1.64). Compared to the lowest INFLA-Score group, the highest INFLA-Score group was associated with increased values of whole-body and organ-specific biological age, and had a shortened life expectancy of 2.96 (95% CI 2.53–3.41) and 4.14 (95% CI 3.75–4.56) years at the age of 60 years in women and men, respectively. Additionally, we observed no significant association of the INFLA-Score with aging-related hospitalization and premature death among participants who were more adhering to the Mediterranean (MED) dietary pattern(HRAging−related hospitalization=1.07; 95%:0.99–1.16;HRPremature death=1.19; 95%:0.96–1.47).

Conclusion
A higher INFLA-Score was correlated with an increased risk of age-related hospitalization and premature death. Nevertheless, adherence to a Mediterranean (MED) diet may mitigate these associations.
Antral membrane balloon technique versus Densah bur in crestal sinus lift with simultaneous implant placement: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alajami Mohamed Mahmoud , Elsheikh Heba Abo-Elfetouh , Abo El-Farag Shaimaa Ahmed , Mansour Noha Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The posterior maxilla presents challenges for implant insertion because of the poor bone quality as well as the loss of vertical bone height. Indirect transcrestal sinus lift techniques are advised when a few millimeters of additional height are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of antral membrane balloon technique versus Densah burs for transcrestal maxillary sinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement.

Materials and methods
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 22 patients received 32 dental implants for replacement of missed maxillary posterior teeth after crestal maxillary sinus lifting. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1, patients underwent crestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement using antral membrane balloon technique. Group 2, patients underwent crestal sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement using Densah burs. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at regular time intervals immediately, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. All clinical and radiographic parameters were statistically analyzed.

Results
All dental implants were successful for 12 months of follow up. Regarding implant primary stability, there was a statistical significant difference between the study groups in favor of Densah group (P = 0.004), while there was no significant difference after 6 months (P = 0.07). Radiographically, balloon group showed a statistically significant immediate postoperative vertical bone height (P < 0.0001), and significant reduction in vertical bone height after 6 months (P < 0.0001). Densah group showed significant increase in bone density (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
Both techniques demonstrated successful clinical and radiographic outcomes for crestal sinus lift. The antral membrane balloon group demonstrated better immediate postoperative vertical bone gain, while Densah burs had higher implant primary stability and bone density.

Trial registration
This study was registered in Clinical-Trials.gov PRS (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov) under identification number NCT05922592 on 28/06/2023.
The effect of two different contemporary chelating agents on vital pulp therapy in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis using bioceramic material: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sobh Yasmin Tawfik Mohamed , Ahmed Mona Rizk Aboelwafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Vital pulp therapy maintained functionality, vitality, and asymptomatic teeth. Compared to normal root canal treatment, pulpotomy was more helpful for irreversible pulpitis in adult permanent teeth. The research was aimed to assess effectiveness of vital pulp therapy using mineral trioxide aggregate with Apple Vinegar and Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (17%) for five minutes in adult carious exposed pulp of permanent teeth.

Methods
Forty patients between 18 and 50 years old with a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis but no periapical radiolucency were then divided randomly into two groups based on the irrigation method; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or apple vinegar. If pulpal bleeding could not be managed in less than six minutes, the assigned procedure was abandoned. After mineral trioxide aggregate application as a pulpotomy agent, glass ionomer and composite restoration were placed. Using a visual analogue scale, the pre and post-operative pain were recorded after 2,6,24,48, and 72 h. Success was assessed using radiographic and clinical examination data at three, six, and twelve months.

Results
The success rate was discovered to be non-statistically significant in both groups after a year follow-up. Apple vinegar had a lower mean value than ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid at the preoperative baseline pain level, which was significant.Postoperatively, the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid group reported the greatest mean value after two hours while Apple vinegar group reported the lowest mean values after 48 h (P < 0.05). After 72 h, pain level recorded insignificant difference.

Conclusion
Apple vinegar yielded a marginally successful outcome but substantially improved pain alleviation.

Trial registration
The trial was registered in Clinical trials.gov with this identifier NCT05970536 on 23/7/2023.
Evidence for motivational interviewing in educational settings among medical schools: a scoping review
Authors: Lei Leonard Yik Chuan , Chew Keng Sheng , Chai Chee Shee , Chen Yoke Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Motivational interviewing (MI) is a person-centred approach focused on empowering and motivating individuals for behavioural change. Medical students can utilize MI in patient education to engage with patients’ chronic health ailments and maladaptive behaviours. A current scoping review was conducted to 1) determine the types of MI (conventional, adapted, brief and group MI) education programs in medical schools, delivery modalities and teaching methods used; 2) classify educational outcomes on the basis of Kirkpatrick’s hierarchy; and 3) determine the key elements of MI education via the FRAMES (feedback, responsibility, advice, menu of options, empathy, self-efficacy) model.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted via the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. Two online databases, CINAHL and MEDLINE Complete, were searched to identify MI interventions in medical education. Further articles were selected from bibliography lists and the Google Scholar search engine.

Results
From an initial yield of 2019 articles, 19 articles were included. First, there appears to be a bimodal distribution of most articles published between the two time periods of 2004--2008 and 2019--2023. Second, all the studies included in this review did not use conventional MI but instead utilized a variety of MI adaptation techniques. Third, most studies used face-to-face training in MI, whereas only one study used online delivery. Fourth, most studies have used a variety of interactive experiences to teach MI. Next, all studies reported outcomes at Kirkpatrick’s Level 2, but only 4 studies reported outcomes at Kirkpatrick’s Level 3. According to the FRAMES model, all studies (n=19; 100%) reported the elements of responsibility and advice. The element that was reported the least was self-efficacy (n = 12; 63.1%).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that motivational interviewing can be taught effectively in medical schools via adaptations to MI and a variety of teaching approaches. However, there is a need for further research investigating standardized MI training across medical schools, the adequate dose for training in MI and the implementation of reflective practices. Future studies may benefit from exploring and better understanding the relationship between MI and self-efficacy in their MI interventions.
Perspectives on the comparative benefits of body-powered and myoelectric upper limb prostheses
Authors: Engdahl Susannah M. , Gonzalez Michael A. , Lee Christina , Gates Deanna H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient access to body-powered and myoelectric upper limb prostheses in the United States is often restricted by a healthcare system that prioritizes prosthesis prescription based on cost and perceived value. Although this system operates on an underlying assumption that design differences between these prostheses leads to relative advantages and disadvantages of each device, there is limited empirical evidence to support this view.

Main text
This commentary article will review a series of studies conducted by our research team with the goal of differentiating how prosthesis design might impact user performance on a variety of interrelated domains. Our central hypothesis is that the design and actuation method of body-powered and myoelectric prostheses might affect users’ ability to access sensory feedback and account for device properties when planning movements. Accordingly, other domains that depend on these abilities may also be affected. While our work demonstrated some differences in availability of sensory feedback based on prosthesis design, this did not result in consistent differences in prosthesis embodiment, movement accuracy, movement quality, and overall kinematic patterns.

Conclusion
Collectively, our findings suggest that performance may not necessarily depend on prosthesis design, allowing users to be successful with either device type depending on the circumstances. Prescription practices should rely more on individual needs and preferences than cost or prosthesis design. However, we acknowledge that there remains a dearth of evidence to inform decision-making and that an expanded research focus in this area will be beneficial.
Swyer–James–Macleod syndrome mimicking pulmonary embolism in adults: a case report
Authors: Lema Girma Deshimo , Melaku Ermiyas Endewunet , Tekle Haile Abebe , Aydagnuhm Getachew Bizuneh , Gebeyaw Enguday Demeke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare lung condition characterized by a unilateral lung hyperlucency and reduction in the pulmonary vasculature, with or without the presence of bronchiectasis. In the 1950s, Swyer, James, and Macleod simultaneously characterized the syndrome for the first time. It is typically diagnosed in childhood. Adult-onset cases are extremely rare, with little literature available on its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome can mimic other lung disorders, resulting in misdiagnosis and improper treatment.

Case presentation
A 49- year-old woman from Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, presented to the emergency department of Hakim Gizaw Teaching Hospital with symptoms and radiographic findings mimicking acute pulmonary embolism. On the basis of the clinical presentation and radiographic findings, the patient was first treated as a probable case of pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant therapy and oxygen support were initiated. Nevertheless, additional testing using a chest computed tomography angiography revealed left lung hyperlucency, decreased vascularity, bronchiectasis, and a negative result for pulmonary embolism. As a result, Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome was diagnosed.

Conclusion
The symptoms of Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome can be mistaken for pulmonary embolism, which could lead to ineffective treatment and needless expenses. In individuals presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism, this case emphasizes the significance of considering Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome as a differential diagnosis, especially in the absence of established risk factors for pulmonary embolism.
Enhancing analyst decisions for seismic source discrimination with an optimized learning model
Authors: Abdalzaher Mohamed S. , Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Farid W. , Salim Mahmoud M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSustainable development in urban areas requires a wide variety of current and theme-based information for efficient management and planning. In addition, researching the spatial distribution of earthquake (EQ) clusters is an important step in reducing seismic risks and EQ losses through better assessment of seismic hazards, therefore it is desirable to acquire an uncontaminated database of seismic activity. Quarry blasts (QBs) conducted over the mapped area have tainted the seismicity inventory in the northwestern region of Egypt, which is the focus of this paper. Separating these QBs from the EQs is hence preferable for accurate seismicity and risk assessments. Consequently, we present a highly effective ML model for cleaning up the seismicity database, allowing for the accurate delineation of EQ clusters using data from a single seismic station, “AYT”, which is part of the Egyptian National Seismic Network. The magnitudes $$\le 3$$

≤
3

that are very uncertain as EQs or QBs and need a significant amount of time to analyze are the primary focus of the model. In order to find the best way to classify EQs and QBs, the method looks at a number of ML models before settling on the best one using eight features. The results show that the suggested method, which uses the quadratic discrimination analysis model for discriminating, successfully separates EQs and QBs with a 99.4% success rate.
Predictive digital twin for wind energy systems: a literature review
Authors: Kandemir Ege , Hasan Agus , Kvamsdal Trond , Abdel-Afou Alaliyat Saleh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been growing interest in digital twin technology in both industry and academia. This versatile technology has found applications across various industries. Wind energy systems are particularly suitable for digital twin platforms due to the integration of multiple subsystems. This study aims to explore the current state of predictive digital twin platforms for wind energy systems by surveying literature from the past five years, identifying challenges and limitations, and addressing future research opportunities. This review is structured around four main research questions. It examines commonly employed methodologies, including physics-based modeling, data-driven approaches, and hybrid modeling. Additionally, it explores the integration of data from various sources such as IoT sensors, historical databases, and external application programming interfaces. The review also delves into key features and technologies behind real-time systems, including communication networks, edge computing, and cloud computing. Finally, it addresses current challenges in predictive digital twin platforms. Addressing these research questions enables the development of hybrid modeling strategies with data fusion algorithms, which allow for interpretable predictive digital twin platforms in real time. Filter methods with dimensionality reduction algorithms minimize the computational resource demand in real-time operating algorithms. Moreover, advancements in high-bandwidth communication networks facilitate efficient data transmission between physical assets and digital twins with reduced latency.