bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Gains Recursive Sliding Mode Dynamic Surface Control with Integral Action
Authors: Liu Xi , Sun Xiu‐xia , Liu Shu‐guang , Xu Song 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, by introducing a function with nonlinear gains and developing sliding surfaces with integral action in the dynamic surface control (DSC) recursive procedure, a novel DSC strategy is proposed. The drawbacks of conventional DSC methods, such as being sensitive to the design constant of the first order low‐pass filter and being unable to achieve zero steady‐state error for step reference signal, are overcome. Moreover, improvement of transient performance and reduction of control effort can be obtained. The stability analysis shows that the proposed new approach can guarantee semi‐global uniform ultimate boundedness (SGUUB) of all closed‐loop signals and that the ultimate tracking error bound in regulation can be made arbitrarily small.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) positive effects on muscle fiber degeneration and gait recovery after nerve lesion in MDX mice
Authors: Simões Gustavo F. , Benitez Suzana U. , Oliveira Alexandre L. R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundG‐CSF has been shown to decrease inflammatory processes and to act positively on the process of peripheral nerve regeneration during the course of muscular dystrophy.AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of treatment of G‐CSF during sciatic nerve regeneration and histological analysis in the soleus muscle in MDX mice.MethodsSix‐week‐old male MDX mice underwent left sciatic nerve crush and were G‐CSF treated at 7 days prior to and 21 days after crush. Ten and twenty‐one days after surgery, the mice were euthanized, and the sciatic nerves were processed for immunohistochemistry (anti‐p75NTR and anti‐neurofilament) and transmission electron microscopy. The soleus muscles were dissected out and processed for H&E staining and subsequent morphologic analysis. Motor function analyses were performed at 7 days prior to and 21 days after sciatic crush using the CatWalk system and the sciatic nerve index.ResultsBoth groups treated with G‐CSF showed increased p75NTR and neurofilament expression after sciatic crush. G‐CSF treatment decreased the number of degenerated and regenerated muscle fibers, thereby increasing the number of normal muscle fibers.ConclusionsThe reduction in p75NTR and neurofilament indicates a decreased regenerative capacity in MDX mice following a lesion to a peripheral nerve. The reduction in motor function in the crushed group compared with the control groups may reflect the cycles of muscle degeneration/regeneration that occur postnatally. Thus, G‐CSF treatment increases motor function in MDX mice. Nevertheless, the decrease in baseline motor function in these mice is not reversed completely by G‐CSF.
Durability of a PtSn Ethanol Oxidation Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zignani Sabrina C. , Baglio Vincenzo , Gonzalez Ernesto R. , Aricò Antonino S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA high‐surface‐area PtSn electrocatalyst supported on carbon was prepared by using a formic acid reduction method. The catalyst was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the electrocatalyst were investigated by using polarization measurements, cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic durability tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. An endurance test of 220 h at 0.4 V with recirculation of ethanol was carried out. Under continuous operation in a direct ethanol fuel cell, the electrocatalytic system shows an initial decay, but suitable stability is observed after about 100 h.
Cation‐Directed Dimeric versus Tetrameric Assemblies of Lanthanide‐Stabilized Dilacunary Keggin Tungstogermanates
Authors: Artetxe Beñat , Reinoso Santiago , San Felices Leire , Lezama Luis , Gutiérrez‐Zorrilla Juan M. , García José A. , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , Haider Ali , Kortz Ulrich , Vicent Cristian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReaction of mid‐ to late lanthanide ions with GeO2 and Na2WO4 in NaOAc buffer results in a library of [Ln2(GeW10O38)]6− clusters (Ln2), which consist of dilacunary Keggin fragments stabilized by the insertion of 4f atoms in the vacant sites and show the ability to undergo cation‐directed self‐assembly processes. In the presence of Na+, two β‐Ln2 subunits assemble by means of Ln‐O(WO5)‐Ln bridges to form the chiral [Ln4(H2O)6(β‐GeW10O38)2]12− dimeric anions (ββ‐Ln4, Ln=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). When Cs+ is present, two Ln4‐like dimers further assemble into the [{Ln4(H2O)5(GeW10O38)2}2]24− species (Ln8, Ln=Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). Two types of tetramers coexist in the solid state: One shows a full ββ‐Ln8 architecture, whereas the other one is a mixed αβ‐Ln8 assembly in which each β‐subunit is linked to its corresponding α‐Ln2 derivative. Regardless of differences in isomeric forms and the relative arrangement of Ln2 subunits, all anions display virtually identical {Ln4} cores as a common structural feature. A combination of ESI mass spectrometry and 183W NMR spectroscopy experiments indicates that Ln8 tetramers fragment into Ln4 dimers upon dissolution, which undergo partial dissociation into Ln2 monomers and slow dimer/monomer equilibration. This is most likely followed by β‐to‐α isomerization of Ln2 clusters with consequent reassembly, as indicated by isolation of three additional αα‐Ln4 derivatives. Magnetic and photoluminescence properties in the Na‐ββ‐Ln4 series are also discussed.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Obtained by Lateral Core Extension of Mesogenic Perylenes: Absorption and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Vollbrecht Joachim , Bock Harald , Wiebeler Christian , Schumacher Stefan , Kitzerow Heinz 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBilaterally extended perylenes were synthesized, characterized, and used to create organic light‐emitting devices. A detailed investigation of the electronic and optical properties, and a comparison of perylene derivatives and compounds with unilaterally and bilaterally extended aromatic cores, reveal unexpected changes of the absorption spectrum, which are in agreement with simulations based on DFT.
From Ash Chemistry to Material Wear in the Gasification of Solid Feedstocks
Authors: Klinger Mathias , Reinmöller Markus , Schreiner Marcus , Meyer Bernd 
Published: August 2014

AbstractZur Untersuchung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit und der Aufdeckung von Korrosionsmechanismen neuartiger Feuerfestwerkstoffe für die Vergasung ist es zielführend, eine aufeinander aufbauende Methodik zu etablieren. Ausgehend von der Aschecharakterisierung und dem Hochtemperaturverhalten wurden am Beispiel einer neuartigen, TiO2‐verstärkten Al2O3‐Keramik multiskalige Korrosionstests vom Labor‐ bis hin zum Pilotmaßstab durchgeführt. Durch mikroskopische Untersuchungen (Lichtmikroskopie, REM/EDX) konnten sowohl der Schädigungsgrad als auch entsprechende Mechanismen bestimmt werden.
Chemie, die uns guttut
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOb heterogen oder homogen, die Katalyse mit Übergangsmetallen ist allgegenwärtig. Von der Abgasreinigung über die Synthese von Basisprodukten für Kunststoffe bis hin zur Herstellung von Medikamenten: Die Anwendung von Übergangsmetallen für Reaktionen im großtechnischen Maßstab ist eine großartige Entwicklung.
Characterization and preference mapping of autochthonous and introduced olive oil cultivars in Tunisia
Authors: Hassine Kaouther Ben , Taamalli Amani , Slama Mourad Ben , Khouloud Talmoudi , Kiristakis Apostolos , Benincasa Cinzia , Perri Enzo , Malouche Dhafer , Hammami Mohamed , Bornaz Salwa , Grati‐Kammoun Naziha 
Published: August 2014

In this work, virgin olive oils from autochthonous and introduced varieties cultivated in Tunisia were analyzed for their chemical composition and sensorial profile, and were subject to 3700 consumer‐preferences survey. The chemical and sensorial analyses revealed that Chetoui and Oueslati cultivars were characterized by their oils richer in C18:1, C20:1, OOO, α‐ and γ‐tocopherols, chlorophyll, stigmasterol, (Z)‐3‐hexenol and more stable and bitter, pungent and fruity than those from Arbequina, Zalmati, and Chemlali VOOs. With the aim to identify the most appreciated variety among others, statistical analyses were carried out. Consumers showed appreciation of the oils from “Chetoui” variety. Chetoui olive oils from Borj Toumi and Testour localities were the most appreciated with 50–60% of consumer preference which is the nearest point to the optimum product preference (70%). The results showed that consumer preferences seem to be positively correlated to various sensorial notes (fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency). Preferred oils were characterized by their richness in oleic acid, pigments, tocopherols, and polyphenol amounts.Practical applications: The results are of interest for the olive oil industry where they can be applied in olive oil blending.Preference mapping of the seven VOO samples. OUES: Oueslati, CHEM: Chemlali, CH MB: Chetoui Mjez El Beb, CH TES: Chetoui Testour, CH BT: Chetoui Borj Toumi, ARBE: Arbequina, Fr: fruity, Pun: Pungent, Bitt: Bitter, PV: Peroxide value, Chloro: Chlorophylls, Caro: Carotenoids, Ole: Oleuropein, C18:1: Oleic acid, C16:0: Palmitic acid, C18:2: Linoleic acid, TP: Total polyphenols.
Synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel in a cascade of continuous centrifugal contactor separators
Authors: Abduh Muhammad Yusuf , van Ulden Wouter , van de Bovenkamp Hendrik H. , Buntara Teddy , Picchioni Francesco , Manurung Robert , Heeres Hero J. 
Published: August 2014

The synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from sunflower oil and methanol was studied in a continuous centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS) using sodium methoxide as the catalyst. The effect of relevant process variables like oil and methanol flow rate, rotational speed and catalyst concentration was investigated and modelled using non‐linear regression. Good agreement between experiments and model were obtained. At optimised conditions (oil flow rate of 31 mL/min, rotational speed of 34 Hz, catalyst concentration of 1.2%w/w and a methanol flow rate of 10 mL/min), the FAME yield was 94 mol% at a productivity of 2470 kg FAME/m3reactor.h. Proof of principle for the synthesis and subsequent refining of FAME in a cascade of two CCCS devices was also obtained. Relevant properties of the refined FAME obtained using this technology were determined and were shown to meet the ASTM specifications.Practical application: Synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel was successfully performed in a cascade of two CSSS devices. Besides for large scale biodiesel production, this technology has particularly potential to be applied in small mobile biodiesel units due to the compact size, robustness, flexibility in operation, and high volumetric productivity of the CCCS devices.Schematic representation of the process concept for continuous synthesis and refining of sunflower biodiesel synthesis in a cascade of continuous centrifugal contactor separators.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Thiosulfonates by Oxidative Coupling of Thiols with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed sulfonylation of thiols was performed by using sodium sulfinates under an oxygen atmosphere. The procedure afforded thiosulfonates in good yields by using a CuI–Phen·H2O (Phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) catalyst and tolerated numerous combinations of arene‐ and alkanethiols with sodium sulfinates. Furthermore, it was found that the coupling of diaryl disulfides with sodium arylsulfinates proceeded in air and both sulfide groups on the disulfide were available.
A Unified Strategy Towards N‐Aryl Heterocycles by a One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Amination of Azoles
Authors: Subramanian Parthasarathi , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of N‐aryl‐substituted heterocycles by a Cu‐catalyzed two‐fold C–N bond formation is reported. This strategy involves a CuI‐catalyzed C–N bond‐forming reaction between azoles and electron‐deficient bromopyridines followed by an intramolecular sp2 C–H amination. One of the products thus formed has been successfully used as a ligand for the synthesis of a Pd complex.
Optimizing conditions for E‐and Z‐ajoene formation from garlic juice using response surface methodology
Authors: Yoo Miyoung , Lee Sanghee , Kim Sunyoung , Shin Dongbin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe optimum conditions for the formation of E‐ and Z‐ajoene from garlic juice mixed with soybean oil were determined using response surface methodology. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables temperature (°C, X1), reaction time (hours, X2), and oil volume (multiplied by weight, X3). The dependent variables were Z‐ajoene (Y1) and E‐ajoene (Y2) in oil‐macerated garlic. The optimal conditions for E‐ and Z‐ajoene using ridge analysis were 98.80°C, 6.87 h, and weight multiplied by weight 2.57, and 42.24°C, 9.71 h, and weight multiplied by weight 3.08, respectively. These conditions resulted in E‐ and Z‐ajoene compound predicted values of 234.17 and 752.62 μg/g from garlic juice, respectively. The experimental values of E‐ and Z‐ajoene were 222.75 and 833.59 μg/g, respectively. The estimated maximum values at the predicted optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental values.
The Gender Dimension of the Effects of Land Tenure Security on Agricultural Productivity: Some Evidence from two Districts in Kenya
Authors: Owoo Nkechi S. , Boakye‐Yiadom Louis 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study uses household‐level and plot‐level data in two Kenyan districts—Suba and Laikipia—to examine whether tenure security effects have a gender dimension. Average maize yields by sex of land user and tenure security show that women with titles produce significantly more than men without titles. However, using multivariate regression techniques, controlling for farmer, plot and geographic factors, we do not find any evidence that women who possess land titles are more productive than men who possess land titles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between California rainfall variability and large‐scale climate drivers
Authors: Fierro Alexandre O. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBootstrapped correlation statistics of seasonally averaged monthly rainfall anomalies for the period 1950–2012 were evaluated between a comprehensive set of Atlantic‐ and Pacific‐based large‐scale climate drivers and a group of representative stations over the state of California, United States. In line with past seminal works, the analysis showed a dominant influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) during the wetter (drier) period, particularly to the south (north) of the state. The largest correlation magnitudes were obtained for the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the sea surface temperature (SST)‐based El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices Niños 3 and 3.4. A point‐by‐point correlation analysis with global SSTs, principal component analysis on the Pacific SST fields and wavelet spectral decomposition all assessed the robustness of the aforementioned relationships. The point‐by‐point correlation analysis with the SSTs further revealed an overall lack of relationships between rainfall and Atlantic‐based climate drivers and suggested that Indian Ocean SSTs are weakly correlated with California rainfall. This analysis also revealed that the relationship of northern California rainfall with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) could be attributed to warm SST anomalies confined along the North American coast during the warm phase of the PDO. Notably, the wavelet analysis applied to extended rainfall records (1900–2012) revealed that the peaks in the rainfall power spectrum for southern California during the drier period are coincident with calendar years associated with the nearby passage or landfall of tropical systems in the southern California/North Baja region rather than teleconnections with large‐scale climate drivers.
Improving applicant selection: Identifying qualities of the unsuccessful otolaryngology resident
Authors: Badran Karam W. , Kelley Kanwar , Conderman Christian , Mahboubi Hossein , Armstrong William B. , Bhandarkar Naveen D. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the prevalence and management of problematic residents. Additionally, we hope to identify the factors associated with successful remediation of unsuccessful otolaryngology residents.Study DesignSelf‐reported Internet and paper‐based survey.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed to 152 current and former program directors (PDs) in 2012. The factors associated with unsuccessful otolaryngology residents and those associated with the successful remediation of problematic residents were investigated. An unsuccessful resident is defined as one who quit or was removed from the program for any reason, or one whose actions resulted in criminal action or citation against their medical license after graduation from residency. Remediation is defined as an individualized program implemented to correct documented weaknesses.ResultsThe overall response rate was 26% (40 PDs). Seventy‐three unsuccessful or problematic residents were identified. Sixty‐six problematic or unsuccessful residents were identified during residency, with 58 of 66 (88%) undergoing remediation. Thirty‐one (47%) residents did not graduate. The most commonly identified factors of an unsuccessful resident were: change in specialty (21.5%), interpersonal and communication skills with health professionals (13.9%), and clinical judgment (10.1%). Characteristics of those residents who underwent successful remediation include: poor performance on in‐training examination (17%, P < .01) and inefficient use of time (11.4%, P = .02).ConclusionsA large proportion of otolaryngology PDs in this sample identified at least one unsuccessful resident. Improved methods of applicant screening may assist in optimizing otolaryngology resident selection.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:842–847, 2015
Independent Spanish Validation of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale
Authors: Cubo Esther , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , LaPelle Nancy R. , Tilley Barbara C. , Wang Lu , Luo Sheng ,   the Spanish UDysRS Program Members
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) assesses the severity and disability caused by dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD). As part of the UDysRS development plan, the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) established guidelines for official non‐English translations. We present here the formal process for completing this program and the data on the first officially approved non‐English version of the UDysRS (Spanish). The UDysRS translation program involves four steps: translation and back‐translation; cognitive pretesting to ensure that raters and patients understand the scale and are comfortable with its content; field testing of the finalized version; and analysis of the factor structure of the tested version against the original English‐language version. To be designated an official MDS translation, the confirmatory factor analysis comparative fit index (CFI) had to be ≥0.90. The Spanish UDysRS was tested in 253 native‐Spanish‐speaking patients with PD. For all four parts of the UDysRS, the CFI, was ≥0.94. Exploratory factor analyses of the Spanish version revealed a very clear factor structure, with three factors related to ON dyskinesia, OFF dystonia, and patient perceptions of the functional effect of dyskinesias. The Spanish version of the UDysRS successfully followed the MDS Translation Program protocol, reached the criterion to be designated as an official translation, and is now available on the MDS website for use.
AIDING GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Gisselquist Rachel M. , Resnick Danielle 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYMore than a decade after becoming a buzzword on the development agenda, governance remains a high priority for the international donor community. This article provides an introduction and overview of key findings from the United Nations University—World Institute for Development Economics Research symposium on “Aiding Government Effectiveness in Developing Countries.” This symposium moves beyond traditional debates about whether aid supports or undermines “good governance” in the aggregate to instead focus on donor interventions in two interrelated governance domains. The first domain examines donor efforts to augment government effectiveness at providing key services to citizens by national and local authorities. Three studies in the collection therefore focus on policing, regulation, and civic education. The second addresses the underlying administrative and financial institutions and processes that facilitate service delivery. Relevant papers in this regard address decentralization, civil service reform, and taxation. In assessing what we know about “what works?” and “what could work?” across these core areas of governance, the contributions shed new light on several key themes, including the dilemma of reconciling governance with ownership, the importance of identifying exactly how context and sequencing matters, and the weaknesses in existing donor evaluation methods. © 2014 The Authors. Public Administration and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wave induced fatigue loads
Authors: Seidel Marc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOffshore wind turbines are subject to dynamic excitation from wave loads. Especially when monopile substructures are used, significant fatigue loads can be induced by waves, which are then governing the design. Calculations in the frequency domain are very efficient to compute such wave induced loads and by applying some simplifications, very compact equations can be derived for the determination of fatigue loads. Such simplified formulas can be applied with good accuracy and important insight on governing parameters for wave induced fatigue loads can be gained. Based upon the formulas, further methods e. g. for lumping of scatter diagrams and for interpolations of fatigue loads for different positions within a wind farm can be derived.Welleninduzierte Ermüdungslasten – Erkenntnisse aus Berechnungen im Frequenzraum. Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen sind durch Wellen dynamisch angeregte Strukturen. Besonders bei Anlagen mit Monopile‐Substruktur sind die welleninduzierten Ermüdungslasten oft dimensionierend. Berechnungen im Frequenzraum sind zur Berechnung von welleninduzierten Ermüdungslasten sehr effizient und mit einigen Vereinfachungen können sehr kompakte Formeln zur Ermittlung der Ermüdungslasten hergeleitet werden. Diese Formeln können mit guter Genauigkeit im Design‐Prozess verwendet werden und die formelmäßigen Zusammenhänge erlauben wichtige Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Einflussparameter auf die Ermüdungslasten. Darauf basierend können weitere Methoden zur Kondensierung (Lumping) von Seegängen oder zur Interpolation von Lasten zwischen individuellen Standorten innerhalb eines Offshore‐Windparks entwickelt werden.