bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor signatures of PTHLH overexpression, high serum calcium, and poor prognosis were observed exclusively in clear cell but not non clear cell renal carcinomas
Authors: Yao Masahiro , Murakami Takayuki , Shioi Koichi , Mizuno Nobuhiko , Ito Hiroki , Kondo Keiichi , Hasumi Hisashi , Sano Futoshi , Makiyama Kazuhide , Nakaigawa Noboru , Kishida Takeshi , Nagashima Yoji , Yamanaka Shoji , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHigh serum calcium (Ca) due to aberrant secretion of tumor parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH) is a well‐known paraneoplastic sign and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the status of serum Ca and tumor PTHLH expression have not been verified using the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) renal tumor classification. We retrospectively reviewed corrected serum Ca levels at initial onset (n = 683) and/or as of recurrence (n = 71) in patients with RCC. We also examined a total of 623 renal parenchymal tumor samples for PTHLH mRNA expressions by quantitative real‐time PCR. High serum Ca concomitant with PTHLH overexpression in tumors was observed exclusively in clear cell RCC but not in other non clear cell subtype tumors, including papillary, chromophobe, collecting‐duct, unclassified, and other rare subtype RCCs or in benign oncocytomas and angiomyolipomas. In clear cell RCC, PTHLH expression was significantly high in male patients, and was associated with a symptomatic presentation, higher grade, and higher stage cases, whereas it was not associated with VHL gene status. Univariate analyses demonstrated that high PTHLH expression was strongly associated with poor outcome both in overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) for patients who underwent standard nephrectomy. Further multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the PTHLH expressions remained as independent prognostic parameters for OS but not for DFS. These data suggest that the previously characterized tumor signatures of high serum Ca due to high PTHLH expression and poor prognosis are clear cell RCC‐specific features, whereas these characteristics are rare in non clear cell RCCs.
The polysemic meanings of couscous consumption in France
Authors: Béji‐Bécheur Amina , Ourahmoune Nacima , Özçağlar‐Toulouse Nil 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on consumer representations of a typical southern Mediterranean dish that has remained a centerpiece of cultural encounters ever since it was developed in North Africa: couscous. France—a country whose own cuisine is world‐renowned, yet which regularly ranks couscous as one of its top three favourite national dishes, and which hosts the largest North African population in Europe—seemed a fertile site for an investigation of the polysemic meanings attached to couscous, a nomad product embedded in socio‐historical interrelationships on both shores of the Mediterranean. We found that consumers appropriate and adapt the product in ways that demonstrate some of the major features of Mediterranean relationships, with food as a vehicle for creative personal narratives. We emphasize the diversity of representations of couscous that help dissolve the usual northern/southern Mediterranean binaries in order to achieve a complex understanding of Mediterranean consumer behaviours. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bacterial Strain with a Unique Quadruplet Codon Specifying Non‐native Amino Acids
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Lajoie Marc J. , Xiao Han , Church George M. , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe addition of noncanonical amino acids to the genetic code requires unique codons not assigned to the 20 canonical amino acids. Among the 64 triplet codons, only the three nonsense “stop” codons have been used to encode non‐native amino acids. Use of quadruplet “frame‐shift” suppressor codons provides an abundant alternative but suffers from low suppression efficiency as a result of competing recognition of their first three bases by endogenous host tRNAs or release factors. Deletion of release factor 1 in a genomically recoded strain of E. coli (E. coli C321), in which all endogenous amber stop codons (UAG) are replaced with UAA, abolished UAG mediated translation termination. Here we show that a Methanocaldococcus jannaschii‐derived frame‐shift suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase pair enhanced UAGN suppression efficiency in this recoded bacterial strain. These results demonstrate that efficient quadruplet codons for encoding non‐native amino acids can be generated by eliminating competing triplet codon recognition at the ribosome.
Age‐related changes in visual contour integration: Implications for physiology from psychophysics
Authors: Hipp D. , Dickerson K. , Moser A. , Gerhardstein Peter 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTVisual contour detection is enhanced by grouping principles, such as proximity and collinearity, which appear to rely on horizontal connectivity in visual cortex. Previous experiments suggest that children require greater proximity to detect contours and that, unlike adults, collinearity does not compensate for their proximity limitation. Over two experiments we test whether closure, a global property known to facilitate contour detection, compensates for this limitation. Adults and children (3–9 years old) performed a 2AFC task; one panel contained an illusory contour (closed or open) in visual noise, and one only noise. The experiments were identical except proximity was doubled in Exp. 2, enabling shorter‐range spatial integration. Results suggest children are limited by proximity, and that closure did not reliably improve their performance as it did for adults. We conclude that perceptual maturity lags behind anatomy within this system, and suggest that slow statistical learning of long‐range orientation correlations controls this disparity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1390–1405, 2014.
Heterozygosity–fitness correlations in a wild mammal population: accounting for parental and environmental effects
Authors: Annavi Geetha , Newman Christopher , Buesching Christina D. , Macdonald David W. , Burke Terry , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHFCs (heterozygosity–fitness correlations) measure the direct relationship between an individual's genetic diversity and fitness. The effects of parental heterozygosity and the environment on HFCs are currently under‐researched. We investigated these in a high‐density U.K. population of European badgers (Meles meles), using a multimodel capture–mark–recapture framework and 35 microsatellite loci. We detected interannual variation in first‐year, but not adult, survival probability. Adult females had higher annual survival probabilities than adult males. Cubs with more heterozygous fathers had higher first‐year survival, but only in wetter summers; there was no relationship with individual or maternal heterozygosity. Moist soil conditions enhance badger food supply (earthworms), improving survival. In dryer years, higher indiscriminate mortality rates appear to mask differential heterozygosity‐related survival effects. This paternal interaction was significant in the most supported model; however, the model‐averaged estimate had a relative importance of 0.50 and overlapped zero slightly. First‐year survival probabilities were not correlated with the inbreeding coefficient (f); however, small sample sizes limited the power to detect inbreeding depression. Correlations between individual heterozygosity and inbreeding were weak, in line with published meta‐analyses showing that HFCs tend to be weak. We found support for general rather than local heterozygosity effects on first‐year survival probability, and g2 indicated that our markers had power to detect inbreeding. We emphasize the importance of assessing how environmental stressors can influence the magnitude and direction of HFCs and of considering how parental genetic diversity can affect fitness‐related traits, which could play an important role in the evolution of mate choice.
Supramolecular Assemblies of Polyoxometalate‐Tethered Diblock Copolymers with Tunable Sizes in N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone/Toluene Mixed Solvents
Authors: Haso Fadi , Wang Ruixin , Yin Panchao , Zhou Jing , Jin Lu , Peng Zhonghua , Liu Tianbo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThree diblock copolymers, each consisting of a relatively polar polyoxometalate‐containing block and a nonpolar polythiophene block, were studied for their solution self‐assembly behavior. Hollow spherical vesicular structures have been observed; their formation is driven by solvophobic–solvophilic interactions. The size of the vesicles can be controlled by varying the polarity of the solvent. Regular vesicles seem to form when the solvent combination is relatively polar, while reverse vesicles form when the solvent is relatively nonpolar.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Paroxetine by Diastereoconvergent Cobalt‐Catalysed Arylation
Authors: Despiau Carole F. , Dominey Andrew P. , Harrowven David C. , Linclau Bruno 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA total synthesis of paroxetine is reported, with a diastereoselective and diastereoconvergent cobalt‐catalysed sp3–sp2coupling reaction involving a 3‐substituted 4‐bromo‐N‐Boc‐piperidine (Boc =tert‐butoxycarbonyl) substrate as a key step. A 9:1 diastereoselectivity was obtained, while a control experiment involving a conformationally locked 3‐substituted 4‐bromo‐tert‐butyl cyclohexane ring proceeded with essentially complete stereoselectivity.
Tricyclic and Spirobicyclic Norsesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola
Authors: Wibowo Mario , Prachyawarakorn Vilailak , Aree Thammarat , Wiyakrutta Suthep , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new tricyclic and spirobicyclic norsesquiterpenes 1 and 2 and the new nor‐chamigrane endoperoxide 3, together with the known sesquiterpenes steperoxide A (4), merulin B (5), and merulin C (6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola. The structures and absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data, as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Compound 1 has a previously unobserved 6/5/5 fused tricyclic ring system, in which the five‐membered (middle) ring is, as revealed by X‐ray analysis, perpendicular to a six‐membered ring. Compound 2 possesses a hitherto unknown 5/6 fused spirobicyclic ring system. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds 1–6 were evaluated.
Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Bisphosphine Ligands from Tartaric Acid, and Their Performance in the Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric O‐Allylation of a Phenol
Authors: Dindaroğlu Mehmet , Akyol Dinçer Sema , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStarting from tartaric acid derived chiral diols or dicarboxylic acid dichlorides with either a 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (Taddol) or a 2,3‐dimethoxy‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dioxane (Tatrol) core structure, and BH3‐protected ortho‐phosphanyl phenols, a set of fourteen new C2‐symmetric diphosphine ligands was synthesized. In addition, three related ligands were obtained from ortho‐diphenylphosphino‐anilines. The fully characterized ligands were then tested in the Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective O‐allylation of 4‐methoxyphenol using crotyl methyl carbonate as a reagent. In addition, a pseudo‐intramolecular variant of the reaction, using crotyl 4‐methoxyphenyl carbonate as a substrate, was studied. The so‐called Trost ligand was used as a reference. Although the Trost ligand (3 mol‐%) gave up to 84 % ee, one of the new ligands showed higher activity (50 % ee with 0.075 mol‐%).
Polyhydroxyamino‐Piperidine‐Type Iminosugars and Pipecolic Acid Analogues from a D‐Mannose‐Derived Aldehyde
Authors: Matassini Camilla , Mirabella Stefania , Ferhati Xhenti , Faggi Cristina , Robina Inmaculada , Goti Andrea , Moreno‐Clavijo Elena , Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Cardona Francesca 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA general strategy for the synthesis of diversely substituted 3,4,5‐trihydroxypiperidines (including two natural products), 5‐amino‐3,4‐dihydroxypiperidines, 3,4,5‐trihydroxypipecolic acids, and 2‐(aminomethyl)‐3,4,5‐trihydroxypiperidines is reported. The procedure used a double reductive amination or a Strecker reaction, starting from differently protected aldehydes readily synthesized on a gram scale from D‐mannose. The biological activities of the target compounds were evaluated, and some of them showed moderate inhibition of α‐L‐fucosidase and β‐glucosidase.
Simple Porphyrin Desymmetrization: 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(3‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (mTHPP) as a Gateway Molecule for Peripheral Functionalization
Authors: Rogers Luke , Burke‐Murphy Emeralda , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe rise in the demand of unsymmetrical porphyrin systems for applications such as photodynamic therapy and nonlinear optics mandates a concomitant development of simple and practical synthetic approaches. A new method for the rapid generation of unsymmetrical porphyrins from the same common and easily accessible symmetric porphyrin starting material is discussed herein. A library of unsymmetric mTHPP [5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(3‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin] derivatives were synthesized in good yields through simple nucleophilic substitution, esterification, and metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. This method was optimized to generate a library of customized unsymmetrical porphyrins quickly for use in a variety of applications. A common meso‐aryl‐substituted porphyrin as the starting material was used to update the synthetic toolkit through a mixture of classical and modern chemistry. This approach was studied as an approach to the synthesis of picket fence porphyrin mimics and afforded such compounds in good yields with few synthetic steps. In addition, employing simple nucleophilic substitution chemistry was employed to access cofacial caged bis(porphyrin) systems in two synthetic steps.
Preparation via Sterically Promoted SN2′ Substitution and Structural Characteristics of a Mes*‐Substituted Tertiary Ethynylphosphine
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Nanko Masaki , Mikami Koichi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe reaction of a sterically encumbered 2‐bromo‐3‐silyloxyphosphapropene [(Z)‐Mes*‐P = C(Br)CH(OSiMe3)Mes; Mes* = 2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2, Mes = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2] and butyllithium afforded a bulky ethynylphosphine [Mes*P(nBu)C≡CMes] via SN2′ reaction of the alkyllithium and subsequent beta‐elimination of HBr. The orbital‐controlled reaction and prohibition of the halogen–metal exchange would be induced by the steric encumbrance of the mesityl group. Structural characteristics of the novel ethynylphosphine were also discussed in views of steric encumbrance as well as stereochemistry. The remarkable distortion of Mes* aromatic ring was further discussed according to DFT calculations.
Sodium Formate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzopyranopyrimidines and 4‐Thio‐substituted 4H‐Chromenes via Multicomponent Reaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Das Suvankar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA simple, straightforward and highly efficient multicomponent one‐pot synthesis of a series of pharmaceutically interesting benzopyranopyrimidine and 4H‐chromene derivatives has been developed on the basis of low‐cost and environment‐friendly sodium formate catalyst via tandem reactions of salicylic aldehydes, malononitrile, and cyclic secondary amines in ethanol at room temperature. Nature of nucleophile used in this reaction directs the course of the reaction; cyclic secondary amines result in the formation of benzopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines, whereas thiophenol furnish corresponding 4‐thio‐subtituted 4H‐chromenes under the same reaction conditions. High atom‐economy, good yields, eco‐friendly, and mild reaction conditions are some of the important features of this protocol.
A spatial analysis of plant phenophase changes and the impact of increases in urban land use
Authors: Comber Alexis , Brunsdon Chris 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTChanges in phenology are indicators of climate change. Urban land use influences local climates through mechanisms such as urban heat island (UHI) effects. This research examined the spatio‐temporal variations in first flowering with changes in urban land use in England and Wales. It used standard ordinary least squares (OLSs) regressions and geographically weighted regressions (GWRs) to analyse changes in phenophase observation date between 1934 and 2007 for three tree species. TheOLSmodels suggested that first flowering was getting earlier: blackthorn by 0.28 days per year, hawthorn by 0.16 days per year and horse chestnut by 0.13 days per year. These rates were found to vary spatially whenGWRwas used and the greatest rates of change were found to be highly localized. The addition of land use change was found to improve the model fit and suggested that a 10% increase in urban land use was also associated with phenophase advancement of 1.20 days for blackthorn, 0.57 days for hawthorn and 0.90 days for horse chestnut. When the impacts of urban land use changes was analysed usingGWR, the associations with phenophase advancement were found to vary spatially, strongest associations were generally more pronounced in the north and especially in the extreme south‐west and the north for all species. The results of this research suggest that the impacts of climate changes and the effects of urban land use changes on phenology vary spatially and that the impacts of urban expansion, such asUHIeffects, may not be uniform. These findings suggest the need for spatially explicit analyses to quantify the local impacts and drivers of climate changes and their associated feedbacks.
Formal relational database design: an exercise in extending the formal template language
Authors: Wu Nicolas , Simpson Andrew 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The use of formal description techniques aims to prevent the defects found in software that arise due to poor planning at the design stage. However, the ensuing specifications are often designed with only a single application in mind and are not easily generalised. One area in which these deficiencies arise is that of the formal modelling of relational databases: many authors have drawn parallels between the formal description language, Z, and the relational model of data, but none of these contributions have managed to be both close to the relational model in terms of providing a practical means of database design and fully formal in terms of providing an appropriate metamodel. In this paper, we describe a generative template language, based on the formal template language (FTL). In particular, we extend the FTL, which was developed originally as means of expressing templates, to underpin an approach that facilitates the reuse of specifications in Z, paying particular attention to the formal design of relational databases. These templates encapsulate the common structure found in specifications and can be instantiated to produce specifications tailored to suit particular needs. To achieve this, we extend the FTL and present a mechanism for naming and referencing templates. We also introduce the semantics of template annotations to enforce the syntactic correctness of instantiations.
Postoperative Complications Do Not Affect Long‐Term Outcome in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Lindner Kirsten , Fritz Mathias , Haane Christina , Senninger Norbert , Palmes Daniel , Hummel Richard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundAs esophagectomy is associated with a considerable complication rate, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of postoperative complications and neoadjuvant treatment on long‐term outcome of adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients.MethodsAltogether, 134 patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy between 2005 and 2010 with intrathoracic stapler anastomosis were included in the study. Postoperative complications were allocated into three main categories: overall complications, acute anastomotic insufficiency, and pulmonary complications. Data were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively for the purpose of this study.ResultsSCC patients suffered significantly more often from overall and pulmonary complications (SCC vs. EAC: overall complications 67 vs. 45 %, p = 0.044; pulmonary complications 56 vs. 34 %, p = 0.049). The anastomotic insufficiency rates did not differ significantly (SCC 11%, EAC 15%, p = 0.69). Long‐term survival of EAC and SCC patients was not affected by perioperative (overall/pulmonary) complications or by the occurrence of anastomotic insufficiency. Also, neoadjuvant treatment did not influence the incidence of complications or long‐term survival.ConclusionsThis is the first time the patient population of a center experienced with esophageal cancer surgery was assessed for the occurrence of general and esophageal cancer surgery‐specific perioperative complications. Our results indicated that these complications did not affect long‐term survival of EAC and SCC patients. Our data support the hypothesis that neoadjuvant treatment might not affect the incidence of perioperative complications or long‐term survival after treatment of these tumor subtypes.
Oxidative Stability in Bulk Oil Containing Carbohydrates Such as Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Mannitol, and Starch
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Yi BoRa , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEffects of carbohydrates including glucose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, and starch on the oxidative stability of corn oils were evaluated at 40 °C for 51 days, at 100 °C for 17 h, and at 180 °C for 90 min. The degree of oxidation was determined by headspace oxygen content, conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) assay, or p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) and the moisture content of the oils was analyzed. Starch showed pro‐oxidant properties whereas mannitol acted as an antioxidant at all tested temperatures. However, glucose, sucrose, and maltose showed different properties depending on the temperature and type of assays. At 40 °C, glucose, sucrose, and maltose showed antioxidant properties in headspace oxygen and CDA assays. There were no significant differences in CDA between samples at 100 and 180 °C. p‐AV in samples containing glucose were significantly higher than those in controls at 180 °C, which may be due to the formation of volatiles from caramelization rather than lipid oxidation. Moisture content of oils containing glucose and starch was significantly higher than that of controls, whereas that of oils containing mannitol was lower than in the control (p < 0.05). Changes in moisture content of oils may be due to the migration of moisture from added carbohydrates into the oils.
Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy and Robotic‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Christie Sara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWith the use of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy and robotics, lung lesions can be diagnosed and resected during one surgical procedure. Global positioning system technology allows surgeons to identify and mark a thoracic tumor, and then robotics technology allows them to perform minimally invasive resection and cancer staging procedures. Nurses on the perioperative robotics team must consider the logistics of providing safe and competent care when performing combined procedures during one surgical encounter. Instrumentation, OR organization and room setup, and patient positioning are important factors to consider to complete the procedure systematically and efficiently. This revolutionary concept of combining navigational bronchoscopy with robotics requires a team of dedicated nurses to facilitate the sequence of events essential for providing optimal patient outcomes in highly advanced surgical procedures.