bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical Normoxia-Dependent Selective Actions of Inorganic Nitrite in Human Muscular Conduit Arteries and Related Selective Actions on Central Blood Pressures
Authors: Omar Sami A. , Fok Henry , Tilgner Katharina D. , Nair Ashok , Hunt Joanne , Jiang Benyu , Taylor Paul , Chowienczyk Phil , Webb Andrew J. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Inorganic nitrite dilates small resistance arterioles via hypoxia-facilitated reduction to vasodilating nitric oxide. The effects of nitrite in human conduit arteries have not been investigated. In contrast to nitrite, organic nitrates are established selective dilators of conduit arteries.

Methods and Results—

We examined the effects of local and systemic administration of sodium nitrite on the radial artery (a muscular conduit artery), forearm resistance vessels (forearm blood flow), and systemic hemodynamics in healthy male volunteers (n=43). Intrabrachial sodium nitrite (8.7 μmol/min) increased radial artery diameter by a median of 28.0% (25th and 75th percentiles, 25.7% and 40.1%;
P
<0.001). Nitrite (0.087–87 μmol/min) displayed conduit artery selectivity similar to that of glyceryl trinitrate (0.013–4.4 nmol/min) over resistance arterioles. Nitrite dose-dependently increased local cGMP production at the dose of 2.6 μmol/min by 1.1 pmol·min
−1
·100 mL
−1
tissue (95% confidence interval, 0.5–1.8). Nitrite-induced radial artery dilation was enhanced by administration of acetazolamide (oral or intra-arterial) and oral raloxifene (
P
=0.0248,
P
<0.0001, and
P
=0.0006, respectively) but was inhibited under hypoxia (
P
<0.0001) and hyperoxia (
P
=0.0006) compared with normoxia. Systemic intravenous administration of sodium nitrite (8.7 μmol/min) dilated the radial artery by 10.7% (95% confidence interval, 6.8–14.7) and reduced central systolic blood pressure by 11.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 2.4–20.7), augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity without changing peripheral blood pressure.

Conclusions—
Nitrite selectively dilates conduit arteries at supraphysiological and near-physiological concentrations via a normoxia-dependent mechanism that is associated with cGMP production and is enhanced by acetazolamide and raloxifene. The selective central blood pressure–lowering effects of nitrite have therapeutic potential to reduce cardiovascular events.
Trends in Coronary Revascularization Procedures Among Medicare Beneficiaries Between 2008 and 2012
Authors: Culler Steven D. , Kugelmass Aaron D. , Brown Phillip P. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Simon April W. 
Published: December 2014

Background—
This study reports on the trends in the volume and outcomes of coronary revascularization procedures performed on Medicare beneficiaries between 2008 and 2012.

Methods and Results—

This retrospective study identifies all Medicare beneficiaries undergoing a coronary revascularization procedure: coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in either the nonadmission or inpatient setting.
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification
procedure codes (inpatient setting) and Current Procedural Terminology and Ambulatory Payment Classification codes (nonadmission) were used to identify revascularizations. The study population consists of 2 768 007 records. This study finds that the rapid growth in nonadmission PCIs performed on Medicare beneficiaries (60 405–106 495) has been more than offset by the decrease in PCI admissions (363 384–295 434) during the study period. There also were >18 000 fewer coronary artery bypass graft admissions in 2012 than in 2008. This study finds lower observed mortality rates (3.7%–3.2%) among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing any coronary artery bypass graft surgery and higher observed mortality rates (1.7%–1.9%) for Medicare beneficiaries undergoing any PCI encounter. This study also finds a growth in the number of facilities performing revascularization procedures during the study period: 268 (20.2%) more sites were performing nonadmission PCIs; 136 (8.2%) more sites were performing inpatient PCIs; and 19 (1.6%) more sites were performing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Conclusions—
The total number of revascularization procedures performed on Medicare beneficiaries peaked in 2010 and declined by >4% per year in 2011 and 2012. Observed mortality rates among all Medicare beneficiaries undergoing any coronary revascularization remained between 2.1% and 2.2% annually during the study period.
Sound Synthesis with Auditory Distortion Products
Authors: Kendall Gary S. , Haworth Christopher , Cádiz Rodrigo F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article describes methods of sound synthesis based on auditory distortion products, often called combination tones. In 1856, Helmholtz was the first to identify sum and difference tones as products of auditory distortion. Today this phenomenon is well studied in the context of otoacoustic emissions, and the “distortion” is understood as a product of what is termed the cochlear amplifier. These tones have had a rich history in the music of improvisers and drone artists. Until now, the use of distortion tones in technological music has largely been rudimentary and dependent on very high amplitudes in order for the distortion products to be heard by audiences. Discussed here are synthesis methods to render these tones more easily audible and lend them the dynamic properties of traditional acoustic sound, thus making auditory distortion a practical domain for sound synthesis. An adaptation of single-sideband synthesis is particularly effective for capturing the dynamic properties of audio inputs in real time. Also presented is an analytic solution for matching up to four harmonics of a target spectrum. Most interestingly, the spatial imagery produced by these techniques is very distinctive, and over loudspeakers the normal assumptions of spatial hearing do not apply. Audio examples are provided that illustrate the discussion.
Palaearctic species of the Spathius exarator species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) with entirely sculptured mesopleuron
Authors: BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , SAMARTSEV KONSTANTIN G. 
Published: December 2014

The Palaearctic species of the S. exarator species group of the genus Spathius Nees with entirely sculptured mesopleuron are discussed. Four new species, Spathius austriacus sp. nov., S. intercontinentalis sp. nov., S. pseudodentatus sp. nov., and S. sculptipleurum sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Spathius curvicaudis Ratzeburg, 1944 treated here as junior synonym of S. erythrocephalus Wesmael, 1838 (syn. nov.) The key for determination of the Palaearctic species of this group with constantly or temporary sculptured mesopleuron is provided.
Formation of Intrathermocline Lenses by Eddy–Wind Interaction
Authors: McGillicuddy Dennis J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMesoscale intrathermocline lenses are observed throughout the World Ocean and are commonly attributed to water mass anomalies advected from a distant origin. An alternative mechanism of local generation is offered herein, in which eddy–wind interaction can create lens-shaped disturbances in the thermocline. Numerical simulations illustrate how eddy–wind-driven upwelling in anticyclones can yield a convex lens reminiscent of a mode water eddy, whereas eddy–wind-driven downwelling in cyclones produces a concave lens that thins the mode water layer (a cyclonic “thinny”). Such transformations should be observable with long-term time series in the interiors of mesoscale eddies.
Arthroscopic Repair of Partial-Thickness and Small Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Chung Seok Won , Kim Jae Yoon , Yoon Jong Pil , Lyu Seong Hwa , Rhee Sung Min , Oh Se Bong 
Published: December 2014

Background: The healing failure rate is high for partial-thickness or small full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate and compare outcomes after arthroscopic repair of high-grade partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears and factors affecting rotator cuff healing. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included in the study were 55 consecutive patients (mean age, 57.9 ± 7.2 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for high-grade partial-thickness (n = 34) and small full-thickness (n = 21) rotator cuff tears. The study patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively and computed tomography arthrography (CTA) at least 6 months postoperatively, and their functional outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up (>24 months). All partial-thickness tears were repaired after being converted to full-thickness tears; thus, the repair process was almost the same as for small full-thickness tears. The tendinosis of the torn tendon was graded from the MRI images using a 4-point scale, and the reliabilities were assessed. The outcomes between high-grade partial-thickness tears that were converted to small full-thickness tears and initially small full-thickness tears were compared, and factors affecting outcomes were evaluated. Results: The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities of the tendinosis grade were good (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.706 and 0.777, respectively). Failure to heal as determined by CTA was observed in 12 patients with a high-grade partial-thickness tear (35.3%; complete failure in 4 and partial failure in 8) and in 3 patients with a small full-thickness tear (14.3%; complete failure in 1 and partial failure in 2). The patients with high-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears showed a higher tendinosis grade than did those with small full-thickness tears ( P = .014), and the severity of the tendinosis was related to the failure to heal ( P = .037). Tears with a higher tendinosis grade showed a 7.64-times higher failure rate (95% CI, 1.43-36.04) than did those with a lower tendinosis grade ( P = .013). All functional outcome scores improved after surgery (all P < .001); however, there was no difference between groups. Conclusion: The high-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears showed more severe tendinosis compared with the small full-thickness tears in this study. Contrary to previous impressions that tear size or fatty infiltration is the factor that most influences healing, tendinosis severity assessed by preoperative MRI was the only factor associated with failure to heal, given the numbers available for analysis, in patients with partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Surgeons should pay more attention to tendon quality during repair surgery or rehabilitation in smaller rotator cuff tears, especially in high-grade partial-thickness tears with severe tendinosis.
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders and seizure disorders in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Reider Nadia , Cohen Jeffrey , Trojano Maria , Sorensen Per Soelberg , Cutter Gary , Reingold Stephen , Stuve Olaf 
Published: December 2014

Background: Several studies have suggested that comorbid neurologic disorders are more common than expected in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid seizure disorders and sleep disorders in persons with MS and to evaluate the quality of studies included. Methods: The PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, and SCOPUS databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts to identify relevant articles, followed by full-text review of selected articles. We assessed included studies qualitatively and quantitatively ( I2 statistic), and conducted meta-analyses among population-based studies. Results: We reviewed 32 studies regarding seizure disorders. Among population-based studies the incidence of seizure disorders was 2.28% (95% CI: 1.11–3.44%), while the prevalence was 3.09% (95% CI: 2.01–4.16%). For sleep disorders we evaluated 18 studies; none were population-based. The prevalence ranged from 0–1.6% for narcolepsy, 14.4–57.5% for restless legs syndrome, 2.22–3.2% for REM behavior disorder, and 7.14–58.1% for obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusion: This review suggests that seizure disorders and sleep disorders are common in MS, but highlights gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of these conditions in MS worldwide. Other than central-western Europe and North America, most regions are understudied.
Fracture-dislocations of the carpometacarpal joints of the ring and little finger
Authors: Gehrmann S. V. , Kaufmann R. A. , Grassmann J. P. , Lögters T. , Schädel-Höpfner M. , Hakimi M. , Windolf J. 
Published: December 2014

We report the functional and radiographic results of 16 patients with fracture-dislocations of the ring and little finger carpometacarpal joints and 23 cases with fracture-dislocations of only the little finger carpometacarpal joint treated between 2006 and 2012. The above two cohort populations of patients were treated with either open reduction and pin fixation or closed reduction and pin fixation. These patients were followed for a mean of 13 months (range 9 to 48). The DASH scores for patients with fracture-dislocations of the ring and little finger carpometacarpal joints were 6.0 and of the little finger carpometacarpal joint 7.2. We found no functional differences in term of DASH scores after treatment between patients with fracture-dislocations of only the little finger carpometacarpal joint and both the ring and little finger carpometacarpal joints. Level of evidence: IV
Serious Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries at the Individuals who have Irregular Sport Activity on the Artificial Playing Surfaces
Authors: Malkoc Melih , Korkmaz Ozgur , Seker Ali , Erdil Mehmet , Kara Adnan , Oltulu Ismail , EnesKayaalp Mahmut 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The goals of this study that to present the individual’s features who have serious Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries of the knee that performing irregular sportive activities on the Artificial Playing Surface (APS). Methods: 87 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction Between April 2011 and March 2014, were evaluated. All patients questioned about the injury mechanisms, shoe types, frequency of sporting activity, time of warm-up exercises before sporting activity, types of APS, body mass index (BMI), return to work, frequency of return to previous sportive activity after surgery and rehabilitation period. Conclusion: Irregular sportive activity with unsufficient equipment on the artificial playing surface causes the serious ACL injuries that have to managed by surgical procedures resulting with loose of working time due to indispensable hospitalisation and rehabilitation period and significant economical losses.
Recurrent Anterior Glenohumeral Instability-Arthroscopic Results of Bankart Repair
Authors: Guney Ahmet , Karaman İbrahim , Kahraman Murat , Öner Mithat , Uzun Erdal , Bilal Ökkeş 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: In the treatment of traumatic anterior shoulder instability there is still not formed a ideal consensus. Although the results of the open technique for repairing Bankart lesions detected in these patients, in recent years with the development of arthroscopic methods, arthroscopic Bankart repair with the successful results are obtained. We aimed to present our results of Bankart repair with the arthroscopic method. Methods: The study included 42 patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair in our clinic between the years 2011-2014. Mean age was 26.3 (18-37). Preoperative and postoperative pain and functions of the patients were assessed using the Constant and Rowe scores. The mean follow-up period was 19 months (range 6 to 30 months). Patients with at least two dislocations were included in the study. The mean number of dislocations was 4.8 (2-10). The mean time from the first trauma to surgical intervention was 2.5 years (range 0.5 to 10 years). Patients with multidirectional instability were excluded. Repair was performed using double-stranded double with the standard anterior portal. Decision for surgical treatment was made based on limitation of activities because of fear of having a dislocation and on positive results of instability tests. Before surgery for all patients, a detailed clinical examination, conventional radiography and conventional MRI were evaluated. All the patients had labral tears on preoperative magnetic resonance scans and had complaints of instability even during daily activities. Results: The mean passive shoulder abduction was 155 (145-170) degrees and mean external rotation was measured 80 (60-90) degrees. The mean preoperative Rowe score was 42 points, while the postoperative score was 89.1 points at the last time follow up. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). The Constant score was 52 preoperatively and increased to 85 points after the surgery. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). The mean loss of external rotation was observed %28.75 and the last time follow up decreased to %8.2. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). All of the patients returned to their daily activities and no dislocation has been occurred. Conclusion: Although, in the past, the results of arthroscopic repair were less satisfactory compared to open and mini open surgery. This condition has changed remarkably. The results of arthroscopic repair in our study were good enough compared to open surgeries. Also in patients who underwent arthroscopic repair, length of hospital stay is shorter, less pain and less scar tissue occurs after the surgery. We believe that, with enhanced experience and advances in arthroscopic repair techniques, arthroscopic treatment may outweigh open surgery.
Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Score of Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Hazar Zeynep , Ulug Naime , Yuksel Inci 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (UQYBT) is a reliable upper extremity closed kinetic chain test that can be used to assess unilateral upper extremity performance in a closed chain manner. However, UQYBT was tested only in recreational athletes and there are no studies investigating UQYBT scores in patients with various upper extremity musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in performance on the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test between patient with shoulder impingement syndrome and healthy controls. Methods: A sample of fifteen patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (mean age 32.2±4.2 years) and fifteen healthy control (mean age 33.8±6.2 years) performed the UQYBT. UQYBT was collected bilaterally in three directions (medial, inferolateral, and superolateral). The maximum reach distance for each direction was normalized to upper extremity length (spinous process of C7 to tip of middle finger) and used for analysis Results: A significant difference in performance between patients with shoulder impingement syndrome and healthy controls existed in the medial direction (P<0.05) and the inferolateral direction (P<0.05) where the healthy controls performed better. There was no significant difference in superolateral performance. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that patients with shoulder impingement syndrome will perform worse on the UQYBT in the medial and inferolateral directions than healthy controls. Thus, upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercises should be added in shoulder rehabilitation programs.
Relationship Between Functional Knee Joint Position Sense and Functional Performance Scores Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (Pilot Study)
Authors: Kafa Nihan , Ataoglu Muhammed Baybars , Hazar Zeynep , Citaker Seyit , Ozer Mustafa 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between functional knee joint position sense (JPS) and functional performance following ACL reconstruction Methods: Seven male patients (mean age=32,66 ±6,47) who had undergone ACL reconstruction and 10 male healthy control subjects participated in the study. Knee joint position sense was evaluated by reproduction of 20° knee flexion angle in weight-bearing position with single and bilateral limb movement into flexion and extension. The deviations in the angle were recorded and compared to both noninjured side and healthy controls’. Functional performance was evaluated with Single Leg Hop Test in both injured and non-injured sides. The scores were also compared with healthy controls and non-injured sides. Relationship between measured values was tested with Spearman Correlation Analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in knee joint position sense in functional position between the operated and uninjured knees of patients or between patients and healthy controls (p>0,05). However, there is significant difference in Single Leg Hop test scores between operated and non-operated or between patients and healthy controls (p=0,037; p<0,05). There was no significant correlation between Single Leg Hop test scores and knee joint position sense (p>0,05). Conclusion: There was no evidence of impaired joint position sense in weight-bearing positions in subjects with ACL reconstruction but there was a decrease in functional performance. This decrease in functional performance may depend on the other parameters except proprioceptive deficits.
Is it Easier to Prepare Femoral Tunnel for Anatomic ACL in Figure 4 Position?
Authors: Bek Doğan , Parkan Adnan , Eser Mehmet , Erdem Yusuf , Ege Tolga 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Eccentric external rotator (ER) and concentric internal rotator (IR) strength is expressed as a functional strength ratio (ER:IR) for shoulder. The difference in functional strength ratio has been well documented in athletes, but no one compared the functional ratio in athletes with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GIRD on functional ER:IR strength ratio of the adolescent athletes. Methods: 20 patients who had been applied anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft by same surgeon in 2014 were included, 10 patients in each group. The randomization was performed by beginning with the flexion technique and changing the technique in each subsequent patient according to operation order. The mean age was 28 years (22-35 years) for flexion group and 29 years (23-35) for figure four group. Operations were performed by dropping down the limb from table without leg holder. During the preparation of femoral tunnel, the limb was hyperflexed sagittally in the flexion group and was hyperflexed in figure four position in the figure four group. Patients were evaluated in terms of imagination of femoral tunnel entrance during surgery, surgery duration at the time of femoral tunnel preparation, outlet of the guidewire from the thigh and postoperative radiological image of the tunnel. Results: At figure four group, arthroscopic view of femoral tunnel inlet was found subjectively more satisfying, shorter preparation time of tunnel and outlet point of guidewire from the skin closer to posterior than other group, but did not observe peroneal nerve injury. In the measurement made by radiological assessment, there was no difference the angle of femoral tunnel with femoral anatomical axis. Conclusion: In our study, when the figure four position is used, a better arthroscopic view was obtained for femoral tunnel of ACL. While control of movements of hip joint is required to hold the knee in the appropriate position in flexion group, a flexion applied from the ankle is sufficient in figure four position. As the knee height from the ground changes when the knee flexed over 120° sagittally, the operation table height should be set according to surgeon’s length. We found that this process extends the surgery duration. The outlet of guidewire from skin was more posterior in figure four group compared to flexion group. Because of the root of peroneal nerve, this was identified as disadvantage. Although there are some limitations, the findings support our hypothesis: during the femoral tunnel preparation, the surgeon’s job is facilitated by figure four position of the knee.