bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Use of a Barbed Suture (V-Loc 180) for Quilting the Donor Site in Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Thekkinkattil Dinesh Kumar , Hussain Tasadooq , Mahapatra Tapan Kumar , McManus Penelope Louise , Kneeshaw Peter John 
Published: March 2013

Background Latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap is a popular method of breast reconstruction which can be associated with high incidence of seroma formation. Quilting sutures at the harvest site are used to reduce this. Barbed sutures are self anchoring sutures which avoid multiple knotting and can be useful in quilting.
Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent LD flap breast reconstruction between January 2009 and January 2011 was carried out. Seroma formation at the harvest site, wound related complications, inpatient stay and duration of surgery were analysed and a comparison was made between two groups where quilting was done with barbed (V-Loc) suture and conventional polydioxanone (PDS) II sutures.
Results Fifty-seven patients were included of which 33 had quilting by V-Loc sutures and in 24 patients PDS II suture was used. Median age in the PDS group was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR)], 45 to 61 years) which was comparable to the V-Loc group (53 years [IQR, 48 to 59 years]; P-value 0.948). Sixteen patients (28%) had significant seroma formation and 5 (9%) patients developed superficial wound dehiscence. Incidences of seroma or wound complications were comparable (P-value 0.378 and 1.00, respectively). Secondary outcomes such as total duration of surgery, total inpatient stay, total amount of drain at the donor site were also similar in two groups.
Conclusions Use of barbed sutures for quilting the donor site in LD flap reconstruction is a feasible option and the associated seroma formation and wound complications are comparable with conventional sutures.
Tourniquet-Free Hand Surgery Using the One-per-Mil Tumescent Technique
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus O. H. 
Published: March 2013

Background A pneumatic tourniquet is generally used to achieve a bloodless operation field in hand surgery. However, this has changed with tumescent solution-based wide-awake surgery. This study is a preliminary prospective case series study to elaborate the formula and indications of the tumescent technique in hand surgery without a tourniquet.
Methods Seven patients (age range, 4 months to 37 years) underwent hand or upper extremity surgery for conditions such as nerve palsy, electric burn defect, fingertip injury, contracture, constriction ring syndrome, or acrosyndactyly. A "one-per-mil" tumescent solution (epinephrine 1:1,000,000+20 mg lidocaine/50 mL saline) was used to create a bloodless operating field without a tourniquet. Observation was performed to document the amount of solution injected, the operation field clarity, and the postoperative pain.
Results The "one per mil" epinephrine solution showed an effective hemostatic effect. The tumescent technique resulted in an almost bloodless operation field in the tendon and in the constriction ring syndrome surgeries, minimal bleeding in the flap and contracture release surgeries, and acceptable bleeding in acrosyndactyly surgery. The amount of solution injected ranged from 5.3 to 60 mL. No patient expressed significant postoperative pain. Flap surgeries showed mixed results. One flap was lost, while the others survived.
Conclusions Epinephrine 1:1,000,000 in saline solution is a potential replacement for a tourniquet in hand surgery. Further studies are needed to delineate its safety for flap survival.
Survey of Attitudes on Professionalism in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Kim Jin Yong , Kang Seok Joo , Kim Jin Woo , Kim Young Hwan , Sun Hook 
Published: March 2013

Background The purpose of this study is to analyze the current attitudes toward professionalism, the core values, and the type of professionalism among plastic surgeons in Korea to establish a code of ethics regarding the role of professionalism for plastic and reconstructive surgeons.Methods From March 9, to July 1, 2012, face-to-face and mail surveys were conducted targeting the 325 participants (256 specialists and 69 residents) who are registered members of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. The proportion of each response given to an item was obtained through statistical processing through frequency analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in the responses between the resident group and the specialist group.Results The survey results on the perception of professionalism in plastic surgery showed that a high proportion (90.5%) of the respondents viewed the future of plastic surgeons as bright. Through evaluation of the importance of the value items,"professional dominance" (4.58 pts), "autonomy" (4.45 pts), "lifestyle" (4.34 pts), and "commercialism" (4.31 pts) were assessed as critical values. "Altruism" (3.84 pts), "interpersonal competence" (3.79 pts), and "social justice" (3.61 pts) were viewed as lesser values. This difference showed the characteristics of an entrepreneurial outlook.Conclusions Plastic surgeons should pursue excellence, humanism, accountability, and altruism in order to overcome the crisis of professionalism in plastic surgery. In order to develop the necessary competencies of professionals, vocational education should be arranged by the Korean Society of Plastic Surgeons, and an appropriate code of ethics should be established.
Attachment of Nucleosides and Other Linkers to Solid‐Phase Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Guzaev Andrei P. , Pon Richard T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpecific step‐by‐step instructions for conversion of 5′‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐ and base‐protected nucleosides and other mono‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐protected diols to their hemisuccinate esters and their coupling to CPG (controlled‐pore glass) supports bearing aminopropyl or long chain aminoalkyl groups are presented. Additional guidelines are provided for selecting a coupling protocol and performing in‐process control. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 52:3.2.1‐3.2.23. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Does Multitasking Impair Studying? Depends on Timing
Authors: Pashler Harold , Kang Sean H. K. , Ip Renita Y. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIt is often said that contemporary students frequently study while ‘multitasking’. However, this rather diffuse term encompasses situations that vary as to the whether the learner controls the pace at which educational materials are provided. On the basis of prior cognitive research, we hypothesize that this may well be a critical determinant of interference. Three studies required students to read or listen to several short historical narratives and also to engage in five to eight very short conversations (akin to an instant messaging conversation). In Experiment 1, subjects read the narratives; here, multitasking marginally increased total time spent reading the narratives, especially when it occurred at random times. However, final memory for the narratives was not significantly affected. Similar results were obtained when the narratives were presented in audio format and the learner could pause them while conversing (Experiment 2). By contrast, when audio narratives did not pause, interruptions reduced comprehension performance (Experiment 3). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treating to a Target in Established Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving a Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor: Results From a Real‐World Cluster‐Randomized Adalimumab Trial
Authors: Pope Janet E. , Haraoui Boulos , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Psaradellis Eliofotisti , Thorne Carter , Sampalis John S. ,   on behalf of the Optimization of Adalimumab Trial Investigators
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIn early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treating to a target is more effective than routine care (RC). Our aim was to determine if treating to a target has better outcomes than RC in established active RA.MethodsWe used a real‐world, 18‐month cluster‐randomized trial in established active RA patients treated with adalimumab. Physicians were randomized to RC, treating to a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) of <2.6 (DAS group), or treating to a 0 of 28 swollen joint count (SJC; 0‐SJC group).ResultsAmong the 308 enrolled patients, 109 (35.4%) were randomized to RC, 100 (32.5%) to the DAS group, and 99 (32.1%) to the 0‐SJC group. When adjusting for baseline DAS28, a comparable but significant (P < 0.001) improvement in DAS28 was observed at 12 months for all groups (DAS28 mean score 3.1, 3.4, and 3.2, respectively). There were no significant between‐group differences in the improvement of clinical parameters and patient‐reported outcomes with the exception of the mean change in patient satisfaction over time (P = 0.020), which was highest in the DAS group. Time to achieving good/moderate European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response was significantly shorter in the targeted treatment groups compared to RC (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for the DAS‐group 2.99 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.71–5.24] and HR for the 0‐SJC group 1.86 [95% CI 1.09–3.13]). The dropout rate was 52.3% in RC, 27% in the DAS group, and 22.2% in the 0‐SJC group (P < 0.001).ConclusionAll groups experienced significant improvements at 18 months of treatment with adalimumab. Treating to target in established RA did not differ from RC in terms of therapeutic end point achievement for patients remaining on treatment. However, time to achieving good/moderate EULAR response was significantly shorter in the targeted treatment groups compared to RC and, importantly, the dropout rate was significantly lower with targeted treatment.
Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nano‐Silica Triazine Dendritic Polymer (Pdnp‐nSTDP): An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Heck Reactions
Authors: Isfahani Amir Landarani , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Mirkhani Valiollah , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Kia Reza 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new catalyst based on palladium nanoparticles immobilized on nano‐silica triazine dendritic polymer (Pdnp‐nSTDP) was synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The size of the palladium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.1±0.5 nm. This catalytic system showed high activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids and also in the Heck reaction of these aryl halides with styrenes. These reactions were best performed in a dimethylformamide (DMF)/water mixture (1:3) in the presence of only 0.006 mol% and 0.01 mol% of the catalyst, respectively, under conventional conditions and microwave irradiation to afford the desired coupling products in high yields. The Pdnp‐nSTDP was also used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of a series of star‐ and banana‐shaped compounds with a benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine or 1,3,5‐triazine unit as the central core. Moreover, the catalyst could be recovered easily and reused several times without any considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
Li4Ti5O12 Nanocrystals Synthesized by Carbon Templating from Solution Precursors Yield High Performance Thin Film Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Hao Xiaoguang , Bartlett Bart M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNanocrystals of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) have been prepared by processing an ethanol‐toluene solution of LiOEt and Ti(OiPr)4 using a carbon black template. The mechanism of crystal growth has been tracked by SEM and TEM microscopies. The resulting nanocrystals grown using the carbon template (C‐LTO) show less aggregation than materials prepared from solution without the template (S‐LTO), which is reflected in higher surface area (27 m2/g) and concomitantly smaller particle size (58 nm) for C‐LTO compared to 20 m2/g and 201 nm for S‐LTO. Electrochemically, thin‐film electrodes composed of C‐LTO demonstrate reversible cycling, storing ∼160 mAh/g at both 1 C (175 mA/g) and 10 C current. Important is that resistance to charge transfer between the C‐LTO nanocrystals and added conducting carbon is 3 times smaller than that for S‐LTO. Accordingly, C‐LTO shows excellent rate capability, maintaining an energy‐storage capacity >150 mAh/g even at 100 C current. These characteristics solidify C‐LTO a suitable replacement for carbon as a Li‐ion battery anode.
Effect of C5 petroleum resin content on damping behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of BIIR/BR vulcanizates
Authors: Liang Jiyu , Chang Suqin , Feng Na 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this work, the white‐silica‐filled vulcanizates of brombutyl rubber (BIIR)/cis 1,4 polybutadiene rubbers (BR) with hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (C5) petroleum resins were prepared by compression molding, and the effects of C5 petroleum resin content on the damping behaviors and mechanical properties of BIIR/BR vulcanizates were investigated by foam force rheometer, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical measurements. The results of this study showed that, the C5 resins could retard the vulcanization, and reduce the crosslink density and Mooney viscosity of vulcanizates. The DMA curves exhibited two independent peaks of loss factor (tanδ) corresponding to the glass transition of BR and BIIR vulcanizates, respectively. The addition of C5 resin had a positive impact on the damping of BIIR/BR vulcanizates, with the increment content of C5 resin, the main tanδ peaks shifted significantly to higher temperature and the effective damping temperature range was broadened remarkably, especially in the range of the BIIR glass transition. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and abrasion performance were influenced by the C5 resin and the changes in mechanical properties were mainly due to the decline of crosslink density and the improvement of filler dispersion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The role of biomass in heat, electricity, and transport markets in the EU27 under different scenarios
Authors: van Stralen Joost N.P. , Uslu Ayla , Dalla Longa Francesco , Panoutsou Calliope 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs), as submitted to the European Commission by the 27 European Union member states (EU27), show ambitious development paths for the deployment of biomass in the heat, electricity, and transport sectors up to 2020. This study analyzes the distribution of different biomass feedstocks over these sectors for various biomass scenarios, examining the fixed development paths described in the NREAPs, while also presenting a possible change in biomass demand for these scenarios. The analysis also reaches beyond the scope of the NREAPs up to 2030. The allocation of biomass for heating (H), electricity (E) and transport (T) applications in the EU27 has been modeled using the RESolve toolkit. RESolve can work both in a static mode and in a dynamic mode. In the static mode the demand for biomass based energy per sector (H, E, and T) is constrained to a fixed amount, whereas in the dynamic mode this constraint is relaxed: the interaction with other renewable (and partially also fossil) energy sources may result in a change in bioenergy demand. From the analysis it can be concluded that in most EU countries the NREAP figures for bioenergy deployment will not be reached under the present regional and national policy/support schemes and market developments. When applying stricter sustainability criteria, the bioenergy developments in the EU27 decrease even further. These effects are strongest for the use of biofuels in transport and biogas for electricity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Bioenergy scenarios that contribute to a sustainable energy future in the EU27
Authors: Uslu Ayla , van Stralen Joost , Elbersen Berien , Panoutsou Calliope , Fritsche Uwe , Böttcher Hannes 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree scenarios are developed to illustrate the likely impacts of sustainability criteria on biomass supply and demand within the Biomass Futures project. This paper presents the rationale behind these scenarios. The reference scenario re‐analyzes the NREAP bioenergy demands based on the EU Renewable Energy Directive sustainability criteria targeted to biofuels for transport. It provides a refined basis for assessing sustainable bioenergy supply curves. As such, it is expected that this scenario provides member states with direct input to update their National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) templates and to benchmark the available information with a coherent, harmonized approach of estimating the biomass role in the different markets (heat, electricity, and transport) for each member state. The sustainability scenario, on the other hand, expands its coverage to electricity and heat production and applies the sustainability criteria to all bioenergy sectors. Additionally, it considers more stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation criteria for all bioenergy carriers (70%). A high biomass scenario focuses on stronger policy ambitions. The objective of this scenario is to analyze the role of biomass in view of the quite large amount of unutilized biomass potential in the EU, even when the sustainability criteria are included in analyzing the potential. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Recruiting the Host's Immune System to Target Helicobacter pylori's Surface Glycans
Authors: Kaewsapsak Pornchai , Esonu Onyinyechi , Dube Danielle H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDue to the increased prevalence of bacterial strains that are resistant to existing antibiotics, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial strategies. Bacterial glycans are an attractive target for new treatments, as they are frequently linked to pathogenesis and contain distinctive structures that are absent in humans. We set out to develop a novel targeting strategy based on surface glycans present on the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp). In this study, metabolic labeling of bacterial glycans with an azide‐containing sugar allowed selective delivery of immune stimulants to azide‐covered Hp. We established that Hp's surface glycans are labeled by treatment with the metabolic substrate peracetylated N‐azidoacetylglucosamine (Ac4GlcNAz). By contrast, mammalian cells treated with Ac4GlcNAz exhibited no incorporation of the chemical label within extracellular glycans. We further demonstrated that the Staudinger ligation between azides and phosphines proceeds under acidic conditions with only a small loss of efficiency. We then targeted azide‐covered Hp with phosphines conjugated to the immune stimulant 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP), a compound capable of directing a host immune response against these cells. Finally, we report that immune effector cells catalyze selective damage in vitro to DNP‐covered Hp in the presence of anti‐DNP antibodies. The technology reported herein represents a novel strategy to target Hp based on its glycans.
A Highly Efficient Molecular Cloning Platform that Utilises a Small Bacterial Toxin Gene
Authors: Mok Wendy W. K. , Li Yingfu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMolecular cloning technologies that have emerged in recent years are more efficient and simpler to use than traditional strategies, but many have the disadvantages of requiring multiple steps and expensive proprietary enzymes. We have engineered cloning vectors containing variants of IbsC, a 19‐residue toxin from Escherichia coli K‐12. These toxic peptides offer selectivity to minimise the background, labour, and cost associated with conventional molecular cloning. As demonstrated with the cloning of reporter genes, this “detox cloning” system consistently produced over 95 % positive clones. Purification steps between digestion and ligation are not necessary, and the total time between digestion and plating of transformants can be as little as three hours. Thus, these IbsC‐based cloning vectors are as reliable and amenable to high‐throughput cloning as commercially available systems, and have the advantage of being more time‐efficient and cost‐effective.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane: Common Principles and Mechanistic Aspects
Authors: Gärtner Christian A. , van Veen André C. , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe increasing demand for light olefins and the changing nature of basic feedstock has stimulated substantial research activity into the development of new process routes. Steam cracking remains the most industrially relevant pathway, but other routes for light‐olefin production have emerged. Fluid catalytic cracking only produces ethene in minor concentrations. Challenged by marked catalyst deactivation, in contrast, catalytic dehydrogenation ethane up opens a more selective route to ethene. The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane, which couples the endothermic dehydration of ethane with the strongly exothermic oxidation of hydrogen, would potentially be the most attractive alternative route because it avoids the need for excessive internal heat input, but also consumes valuable hydrogen. In this Review, the current state of the ODH of ethane is compared with other routes for light‐olefin production, with a focus on the catalyst and reactor system variants. New catalyst systems and reactor designs have been developed to improve the industrial competitiveness of the ODH reaction of ethane. The current state of our fundamental understanding of the ODH of light alkanes, in particular in terms of catalyst and reactor development, is critically reviewed. The proposed mechanisms and the nature of the active site for the ODH reaction are described and discussed in detail for selected promising catalysts. The reported catalytic performance and the possible limitations of these ODH catalysts will be examined and the performance of the emerging approaches is compared to the currently practiced methods.
A DFT Study on the Mechanism of the Cycloaddition Reaction of CO2 to Epoxides Catalyzed by Zn(Salphen) Complexes
Authors: Castro‐Gómez Fernando , Salassa Giovanni , Kleij Arjan W. , Bo Carles 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction mechanism for the Zn(salphen)/NBu4X (X=Br, I) mediated cycloaddition of CO2 to a series of epoxides, affording five‐membered cyclic carbonate products has been investigated in detail by using DFT methods. The ring‐opening step of the process was examined and the preference for opening at the methylene (Cβ) or methine carbon (Cα) was established. Furthermore, calculations were performed to clarify the reasons for the lethargic behavior of internal epoxides in the presence of the binary catalyst. Also, the CO2 insertion and the ring‐closing steps have been explored for six differently substituted epoxides and proved to be significantly more challenging compared with the ring‐opening step. The computational findings should allow the design and application of more efficient catalysts for organic carbonate formation.