bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemerin in caudal division of nucleus tractus solitarius increases sympathetic activity and blood pressure
Authors: Hao Wen‐Yuan , Wang Jing‐Xiao , Xu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Jun‐Liu , Chen Qi , Li Yue‐Hua , Zhu Guo‐Qing , Chen Ai‐Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemerin is an adipokine that contributes to metabolism regulation. Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the first relay station in the brain for accepting various visceral afferent activities for regulating cardiovascular activity. However, the roles of chemerin in the NTS in regulating sympathetic activity and blood pressure are almost unknown. This study aimed to determine the role and potential mechanism of chemerin in the NTS in modulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Bilateral NTS microinjections were performed in anaesthetized adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. Chemerin and its receptor chemokine‐like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) were highly expressed in caudal NTS (cNTS). Microinjection of chemerin‐9 to the cNTS increased RSNA, MAP and HR, which were prevented by CMKLR1 antagonist α‐NETA, superoxide scavenger tempol or N‐acetyl cysteine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin. Chemerin‐9 increased superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the cNTS. The increased superoxide production induced by chemerin‐9 was inhibited by α‐NETA. The effects of cNTS microinjection of chemerin‐9 on the RSNA, MAP and HR were attenuated by the pretreatment with paraventricular nucleus (PVN) microinjection of NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 rather than AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX. These results indicate that chemerin‐9 in the NTS increases sympathetic outflow, blood pressure and HR via CMKLR1‐mediated NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent superoxide production in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Glutamatergic inputs in the PVN are needed for the chemerin‐9‐induced responses.
Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia to sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy: A critical review
Authors: Fotedar Neel , Lüders Hans O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSleep‐related paroxysmal motor episodes (SPMEs) have been described by various names, including nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), and sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. The underlying pathophysiology has been debated over the years, with these episodes assumed to be a form of paroxysmal dystonia or parasomnia versus a form of epilepsy. In most studies published on SPMEs and their variants (paroxysmal arousals, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, and episodic nocturnal wanderings) in the early 1990s, the authors speculated on the pathophysiology but did not commit to one idea. It was not until the mid‐1990s that epilepsy became the leading prospect. We performed a narrative review of the major articles that have described this syndrome in a chronological fashion. We identified three eras, 1972–1993, 1994–1998, and 1999 to the present, each era marked by a landmark study. Our critical review of these early studies shows that the neurophysiological data supporting epilepsy as the sole basis for all SPME cases is very weak. In 1994–1995, a familial pattern of this syndrome was described and the term autosomal dominant NFLE was coined, with the authors claiming that all their patients had a form of frontal lobe epilepsy. With the exception of a few reference cases, the neurophysiological evidence that all patients had frontal lobe epilepsy was very weak. Compared to articles published on surgical series of frontal lobe epilepsy, the percentage of SPME cases with positive interictal/ictal electroencephalograms remained very low, seriously questioning the epileptic basis of the syndrome. Our critical review and analysis of the published literature shows that the evidence presented in favor of SPMEs being a homogenous focal epilepsy syndrome is very weak. Neurologists must recognize that SPMEs could be a form of movement disorder, parasomnia, or epilepsy. We recommend a pragmatic semiology‐based classification of these episodes using the four‐dimensional classification system.
How the content of digital complaints shapes bureaucratic responsiveness in Mumbai
Authors: Kumar Tanu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen do unelected officials respond to citizen complaints, and what are the implications for service delivery? In the formal complaint system for Mumbai's water sector, bureaucrats addressed 44% of the roughly 20,000 complaints lodged from 2016 to 2018. In line with literature on distributive politics, responsiveness to marginalized citizens is lower. Yet in interviews, officials emphasize that programmatic goals and capacity constraints lead to prioritization by what the complaint is about. In fact, once controlling for complaint content, the relationship between complainant identity and responsiveness disappears. Initial patterns of differential responsiveness by complainant identity arise from the fact that citizens from marginalized groups experience lower levels of service provision, which leads them to make complaints that are more difficult to address. The paper sheds light on the role of bureaucracy in e‐governance and service delivery, showing administrative priorities in responding to complaints may perpetuate inequalities in service provision.
Hydroxychloroquine attenuates double‐stranded RNA‐stimulated hyper‐phosphorylation of tristetraprolin/ZFP36 and AU‐rich mRNA stabilization
Authors: Hitti Edward G. , Muazzen Zeyad , Moghrabi Walid , Al‐Yahya Suhad , Khabar Khalid S. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human innate immune system recognizes dsRNA as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern that induces a potent inflammatory response. The primary source of pathogenic dsRNA is cells infected with replicating viruses, but can also be released from uninfected necrotic cells. Here, we show that the dsRNA poly(I:C) challenge in human macrophages activates the p38 MAPK‐MK2 signalling pathway and subsequently the phosphorylation of tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36). The latter is an mRNA decay‐promoting protein that controls the stability of AU‐rich mRNAs (AREs) that code for many inflammatory mediators. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common anti‐malaria drug, is used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and, controversially, during acute COVID‐19 disease. We found that HCQ reduced the dsRNA‐dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its downstream kinase MK2. Subsequently, HCQ reduced the abundance and protein stability of the inactive (phosphorylated) form of TTP. HCQ reduced the levels and the mRNA stability of poly (I:C)‐induced cytokines and inflammatory mRNAs like TNF, IL‐6, COX‐2, and IL‐8 in THP‐1 and primary blood monocytes. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism of the anti‐inflammatory role of HCQ at post‐transcriptional level (TTP phosphorylation) in a model of dsRNA activation, which usually occurs in viral infections or RNA release from necrotic tissue.
Oral Health Care Among Women in Perimenopause or Menopause: An Integrative Review
Authors: Thomas Namitha , Peters Kath , Reilly Kate O’ , Sousa Mariana S. , George Ajesh 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWomen in menopause are at a higher risk of developing oral health problems, affecting their overall quality of life. Several studies have identified the role of health care providers in addressing women's oral health needs across various phases of their lives, yet a review in the area of perimenopause and menopause has not been undertaken. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore current evidence regarding the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women in perimenopause or menopause and their health care providers. Additionally, guidelines and recommendations to inform strategies for oral health promotion are included.MethodsA systematic search was carried out across 5 databases. Inclusion criteria included articles published in English that examined at least one study outcome: oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of either women in perimenopause or menopause or of health care providers or guidelines around oral health care. Qualitative, quantitative, mixed‐methods, and experimental studies with survey components were included with no restrictions on publication period, quality, or setting.ResultsA total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria, with a majority being of poor quality and mostly from low‐income and middle‐income countries. Overall findings indicated that there was a lack of knowledge and limited practices in maintaining oral hygiene and visiting the dentist among women in perimenopause or menopause. Health care providers exhibited poor attitudes in advising the importance of periodic dental check‐ups and informing oral health changes during this period. There were also insufficient guidelines to adopt care for women and guide health care providers in their practice.DiscussionWomen in perimenopause or menopause have limited oral health knowledge and unmet oral health needs. Appropriate guidelines and supportive strategies are required to assist health care providers in providing comprehensive care and encouragement to women in perimenopause or menopause to improve their oral health.
Quantitative Assessment of Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) Fish Population in Kaptai Lake: A Length‐Based Approach
Authors: Mia Abdur Rahim , Sarker Mitu Ranjan , Alam Mohammed Shahidul 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe Ailia coila, a small indigenous freshwater fish species in Kaptai Lake, plays a crucial role in providing employment, food, and financial security for the local people. With a high market demand, the average production of this species over the last 5 years reached about 112.27 metric tons. However, there has been a notable decline in Ailia coila fish production in Kaptai Lake in recent years. Therefore, to understand the current stock status of this species, this study employed a length‐based stock assessment method the “length‐based spawning potential ratio (LB‐SPR)”. Between August 2022 and March 2023, a total of 1219 individuals were collected through fortnightly sampling from two fish landing centers (BFDC fishery ghat and Kaptai boat ghat) and two local markets (Banarupa Bazar and Reserve Bazar). The maximum length of Ailia coila was recorded at 15.7 cm in total length, with an average length of 11.1 (±4) cm. The length‐weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.01084 L2.599 (R2 = 0.75). The value of shape parameter ‘b’ is smaller than three which indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and length at first maturity (L50%) were found to be 16.84 and 10.54 cm, respectively. The LB‐SPR revealed that the fishery is currently experiencing overfishing, with the spawning biomass (SPR = 32%) below the target reference point. The mean estimate of fishing mortality relative to natural mortality (F/M) was 3.07, more than three times the threshold F/M = 1, indicating extreme fishing mortality in this fishery. The estimated length at first capture (SL50%) was significantly higher than the length at first maturity (L50%), suggesting that the fishing is predominantly targeting mature fishes. To enhance the spawning biomass and ensure the sustainability of the fishery, it is imperative to reduce the current fishing pressure and implement appropriate management measures.
Use of lure sticks for non‐invasive genetic sampling of European wildcat populations: lessons learnt and hints for future insights
Authors: Sforzi Andrea , Viviani Laura 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Non‐invasive genetic sampling is an increasingly common approach in wildlife research. It allows the gathering of first‐hand data on wild mammalian populations without capturing or handling individuals. For this reason, it has proved to be particularly useful when applied to elusive species living at low population densities and/or hard to identify in the field.

The European wildcat represents an interesting case study in this respect.

Several papers have been produced in the last decades, in which non‐invasive genetic sampling has been applied. Nevertheless, evidence from different case studies presents a complex scenario, where the efficiency of the method can vary considerably.

This paper aimed to analyse possible interpretations of such differences and to identify potential drivers and barriers. 20 papers on the subject have been reviewed and compared, although differences in several details reported in the examined papers limited an in‐depth comparison.

The review showed that the overlap of the study period with the reproductive season does not affect the final results of lure stick hair sampling research on the European wildcat. Moreover, valerian lure sticks generally provided positive results in the Continental ecoregion, whereas, in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, outcomes were absent or very scarce.

Most of the other working hypotheses remain still plausible, despite not yet being definitely provable. Setting up future wildcat monitoring schemes based on effective non‐invasive genetic sampling in different biogeographical regions of Europe is certainly a scope to be pursued.

Some suggestions are provided in this respect (e.g. the set of parameters needed to allow further comparisons; the need to test other types of attractants, to make the application of the method possible where the use of valerian was proven to be inefficient or scarcely efficient, in order to allow a better comparison of future results).
From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment
Authors: Melki Reut , Litvak Yael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.
Indirect evaluative voluntarism
Authors: Horne Alex 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIs genuine self‐creation – understood as self‐directed value‐acquisition – possible? Many philosophers think not. I disagree. I explain why a recent attempt to solve the problem fails and use it to motivate an alternative proposal: indirect evaluative voluntarism. Indirect evaluative voluntarism is not only well‐suited to explaining how self‐creation is possible; it also unifies two important aspects of our doxastic lives, viz. responsibility for the acquisition of both evaluative and non‐evaluative beliefs.
Fatal posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after blood transfusion in a patient with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Takigawa Ken , Shima Takahiro , Kubara Chiaki , Akamine Shun , Utsumi Sae , Yoshino Teruhiko , Minami Mariko , Hayashi Masayasu , Matsuo Yayoi , Kuriyama Takuro , Yoneda Reiko , Taniguchi Shuichi , Eto Tetsuya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is known as a transfusion‐related complication with typically favorable prognosis and no report fatalities. Pathological evaluation of PRES is also scarce.Case ReportAn 88‐year‐old female with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) attended our hospital because of a compression fracture and chronic heart failure with chronic anemia. While her hemoglobin levels improved from 4.6 to 8.0 g/dL and the pleural effusions substantially decreased following six units of red blood cell transfusion and diuretic therapy, a gradual decline in cognitive function and speech reduction was noted. PRES was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Despite treatment of intensive supportive care, the patient fell into a coma by the 20th day and passed away on the 22nd day. Although the pathophysiological link between blood‐transfusion‐related PRES and its impact on survival is not fully understood, autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of PRES and revealed multiple cerebral hemorrhages that were not detected in earlier imaging studies.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of PRES, especially in high‐risk populations such as elderly patients with multiple comorbidities or those with thrombocytopenia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of PRES in patients with hematologic diseases.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Causal Framework of Personal News Curation on Social Media
Authors: Chu Yujing , Zawawi Julia Wirza Binti Mohd , Bidin Rosmiza Binti Haji 
Published: July 2024

The changing hierarchical relationship between mass media consumers and media content producers in the information age has given rise to extensive research on personal news curation. This study presents a systematic overview of previous studies on social media users' personal news curation practices. In the study of personal news curation practices on social media, gaps in themes, theories, variables, and conceptual frameworks are to be found and filled by means of this systematic review of the literature. The goal of the study is to provide a causal framework that illustrates the connections between the various research items.Twenty papers that were taken from the Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases are reviewed using the PRISMA method. Two main study themes, fifteen theories or models, and a comprehensive causality framework emerged from the examination.We recommend that future research on the personal news curation practices provide empirical studies on different types especially the personal productive news curation on social media, widen the field of research and adopt different theories or models according to the new social media environments and contexts. Researchers are also expected to adopt a more complete and detailed systematic approach to review the literature on the study of personal news curation on social media.
The Shift in the Use of Keigo by Migrant Care workers on TikTok Social Media
Authors: Rahayu Ely Triasih , Hartati Hartati 
Published: July 2024

Honorifics are one of the causes of stress for migrant care workers in Japan. To alleviate stress, they play TikTok, a social media platform widely used to upload videos of conversations between care workers and the elderly. From the videos, this study scrutinized how language was used between care workers and the elderly in communicating. This research explored video displays on TikTok based on the use of language in conversation services between care workers and elders based on culturally based concepts around the usage of Japanese honorifics in constructing social identities. The data were obtained from 35 TikTok accounts used through an online survey. The data, in the form of videos on TikTok social media, showed language use between care workers and the elderly, and were then analyzed using a sociolinguistic framework. Findings have shown that in the communication, the care workers manipulated honorifics (keigo). The results of data analysis show that in the TikTok videos, there is a language shift from keigo form (sonkeigo 'respect form', kenjōgo 'humble form') to teineigo 'polite form' and even shifted to futsuutai 'plain form'. This shift in honorifics is influenced by changes in (1) social position, regard (2) power, and intertwined, but the major (3) age, and (4) formality. The results of this research can educate migrant care workers in selecting a language appropriate to social factors to create a good relationship between care workers and the elderly in delivering services to the elderly in-home care.
Qualitative interview with mothers of moderately or late preterm infants in the UK: where are the care gaps?
Authors: Laverty Catherine , Surtees Andrew , Sutherland Daniel , Richards Caroline 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPreterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) accounts for an increasing proportion of global births each year, with moderately or late preterm birth (MLPT) (32+0/7–36+6/7gestational weeks) comprising over 80% of all preterm births. Despite the frequency, MLPT births represent only a small fraction of prematurity research, with research exploring the parental experiences of having a child born MLPT particularly neglected. It is vital this perspective is considered to provide appropriate grounding for future research and service provision.MethodsSix mothers from the UK of infants (aged between 18 and 36 months) born MLPT were invited to take part in a semistructured qualitative interview study. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to explore the data and codes were then conceptualised through a process of inductive reasoning to identify patterns of meaning.ResultsFive themes are presented that are conceptualised from the data: (1) the moderate or later preterm ‘label—does it matter?, (2) vulnerability within a new role, (3) coming home and wanting to start ‘normal’ life, (4) comparisons to provide a reference to experiences and (5) experience of professionals throughout the pregnancy, newborn and early years journey.ConclusionsFindings offer in-depth evidence surrounding mothers’ experiences of healthcare throughout pregnancy and immediately after birth, perceptions of the ‘preterm’ label and thoughts on how mothers reflect on their experiences. Future research should show an awareness of the broader family context when interpreting findings and providing suggestions for future research avenues or service provision.