bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Freisinger P. , Sperl W. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Kindesalter sind relativ häufige angeborene Erkrankungen des Energiestoffwechsels mit einem klinischen und genetisch sehr breiten Spektrum, das meist mehrere Organsysteme betrifft. Es gibt wenige typische mitochondrialen Syndrome, die meisten Patienten zeigen Krankheitsbilder mit verdächtigen, aber unspezifischen Symptomen. Das ZNS ist sehr häufig betroffen. Nur eine sinnvolle Kombination aus klinischen, biochemischen, morphologischen und molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen führt zu einer spezifischen Diagnose. Dabei spielt die biochemisch-funktionelle Untersuchung des mitochondrialen Stoffwechsels im betroffenen Gewebes (z. B. frischer Muskel) eine zentrale Rolle. Die neuen Technologien der Molekulargenetik („next generation sequencing“) haben zur Identifikation einer beträchtlichen Anzahl von Krankheitsgenen geführt und damit auch zum Verständnis der Pathomechanismen beigetragen. Es ist zu hoffen, dass dies auch die Entwicklung neuer Therapieansätze erleichtert, da die Behandlungen bisher weitgehend symptomatisch und wenig erfolgreich sind.
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Deschauer M. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die häufigste Manifestation einer Mitochondriopathie bei Erwachsenen ist die chronisch progressive externe Ophthalmoplegie (CPEO), die eine variable Multisystembeteiligung aufweist. Molekulargenetisch finden sich am häufigsten singuläre mtDNA-Deletionen, die meist mit einer sporadischen CPEO einhergehen. Es gibt aber auch autosomal-dominant und rezessiv vererbte CPEO-Formen durch Defekte in nukleären Genen, die für die mtDNA-Replikation wichtig sind, die zu multiplen mtDNA-Deletionen führen. Andere klassische multisystemische mitochondriale Erkrankungen sind z. B. das MELAS-Syndrom und das MERRF-Syndrom, sie entstehen durch maternal vererbte Punktmutationen der mtDNA. Die Lebersche Optikusneuropathie, ebenfalls durch mtDNA-Punktmutationen bedingt, ist eine häufige Mitochondriopathie ohne multisystemische Beteiligung, Über solch klassische mitochondriale Erkrankungen hinaus gibt es Mitochondriopathienpatienten mit weniger charakteristischen, manchmal monosymptomatischen Phänotypen (z. B. Myopathie oder Epilepsie), die schwieriger zu erkennen sind.
Exomdiagnostik verändert die Sicht auf Mitochondriopathien
Authors: Prokisch H. , Oexle K. , Meitinger T. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Indem die molekulargenetische Untersuchung vieler Gene (Gen-Panels bzw. Exomanalyse) immer günstiger wird, steht deren Anwendung in der klinischen Praxis bevor. Dies wird insbesondere den Bereich solcher monogenen Erkrankungen betreffen, die stark heterogen sind, bei denen also Mutationen in vielen verschiedenen Genen zu Phänotypen führen, die klinisch nur schwer voneinander abgrenzbar sind. Ein Beispiel hierfür sind die Atmungskettendefekte. Die Exomsequenzierung ermöglicht hier ein rasches Mutationsscreening, das parallel in allen Genen abläuft, die ursächlich infrage kommen.
Application of lower extremity injury severity scores in children
Authors: Stewart David A. , Coombs Christopher J. , Graham H. Kerr 
Published: September 2012

Purpose Severe lower extremity trauma presents challenges in decision-making in terms of reconstruction or amputation. While injury severity scores have been developed to aid decision-making in adults, evaluation of their use in children is limited. Methods Children presenting with severe lower limb trauma from 2000 to 2010 in a major trauma centre were identified from a trauma registry. Records were reviewed for details of the injury, surgical intervention, amputation and scores for the Mangled Extremity Severity Score, Limb Salvage Index, Predictive Salvage Index, Nerve injury, Ischaemia, Soft tissue injury, Skeletal injury, Shock, Age System and the Hanover Fracture Scale 1998. Results Twenty children (average age 8.7 years) were eligible for inclusion. There were three primary amputations and no secondary amputations. All of the scoring systems had poor specificity and would have recommended amputation in several limbs that were successfully reconstructed. Conclusions Currently available injury severity scores behave differently in children and adults. In their current format, these scores should not be used as an absolute indication for early amputation in children.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for MIS: Part II
Authors: Morton Paula J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the equipment and workplace safety aspects of the revised AORN “Recommended practices for minimally invasive surgery.” A multidisciplinary team that includes the perioperative nurse should be established to discuss aspects of the development and design of new construction or renovation (eg, room access, ergonomics, low‐lighting, OR integration, hybrid OR considerations, design development). Equipment safety considerations during minimally invasive surgical procedures include using active electrode monitoring; verifying the properties of distention media; using smoke evacuation systems; reducing equipment, electrical, thermal, and fire hazards; performing routine safety checks on insufflation accessories; and minimizing the risk of ergonomic injuries to staff members. Additional considerations include using video recording devices, nonmagnetic equipment during magnetic resonance imaging, and fluid containment methods for fluid management.
Adult responses to an ischemic stroke in a rat model of neonatal stress and morphine treatment
Authors: Hays Sarah L. , Valieva Olga A. , McPherson Ronald J. , Juul Sandra E. , Gleason Christine A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCritically ill newborn infants experience stressors that may alter brain development. Using a rodent model, we previously showed that neonatal stress, morphine, and stress plus morphine treatments each influence early gene expression and may impair neurodevelopment and learning behavior. We hypothesized that the combination of neonatal stress with morphine may alter neonatal angiogenesis and/or adult cerebral blood vessel density and thus increase injury after cerebral ischemia in adulthood. To test this, neonatal Lewis rats underwent 8 h/d maternal separation, plus morning/afternoon hypoxia exposure and either saline or morphine treatment (2 mg/kg s.c.) from postnatal day 3–7. A subset received bromodeoxyuridine to track angiogenesis. Adult brains were stained with collagen IV to quantify cerebral blood vessel density. To examine vulnerability to brain injury, postnatal day 80 adult rats underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to produce unilateral ischemic lesions. Brains were removed and processed for histology 48 h after injury. Brain injury was assessed by histological evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin, and silver staining. In contrast to our hypothesis, neither neonatal morphine, stress, nor the combination affected cerebral vessel density or MCAO‐induced brain injury. Neonatal angiogenesis was not detected in adult rats possibly due to turnover of endothelial cells. Although unrelated to angiogenesis, hippocampal granule cell neurogenesis was detected and there was a trend (P = 0.073) toward increased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in rats that underwent neonatal stress. These findings are discussed in contrast to other data concerning the effects of morphine on cerebrovascular function, and acute effects of morphine on hippocampal neurogenesis.
When colors backfire: The impact of color cues on moral judgment
Authors: De Bock Tine , Pandelaere Mario , Van Kenhove Patrick 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article investigates if and how the valence of color cues affects moral acceptability of (un)desirable consumer behaviors. Study 1 uses colors with definite differences in terms of valence, namely, red and green. Study 2 applies an evaluative conditioning paradigm to endow initially neutral colors with negative versus positive valences. We find an ironic color effect: undesirable behaviors become more acceptable when presented with negatively valenced colors. In general, respondents find (un)desirable behaviors more acceptable when a background color is of the same valence rather than neutral or opposite in valence. Implications for promotion and prevention campaigns are discussed.
The Balei earthquake of 6 January 2006 (M
w = 4.5): a rare case of seismic activity in eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Radziminovich Ya.B. , Mel’nikova V.I. , Seredkina A.I. , Gileva N.A. , Radziminovich N.A. , Papkova A.A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Balei earthquake of 6 January 2006 (Mw = 4.5) was felt over a large part of Transbaikalia. Judging by its updated source parameters (earthquake mechanism, seismic moment, and moment magnitude), the event was generated by the Balei–Darasun fault reactivated in the Cenozoic. Exhaustive macroseismic evidence has been collected for the first time from the study area. The reported results fill up the gap in the seismological knowledge of eastern Transbaikalia and can be used for seismic risk mapping and earthquake prediction.
Asymptotic structure in substitution tiling spaces
Authors: BARGE MARCY , OLIMB CARL 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEvery sufficiently regular non-periodic space of tilings of $\mathbb {R}^d$ has at least one pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic under translation in all the directions of some open $(d-1)$-dimensional hemisphere. If the tiling space comes from a substitution, there is a way of defining a location on such tilings at which asymptoticity ‘starts’. This leads to the definition of the branch locus of the tiling space: this is a subspace of the tiling space, of dimension at most $d-1$, that summarizes the ‘asymptotic in at least a half-space’ behavior in the tiling space. We prove that if a $d$-dimensional self-similar substitution tiling space has a pair of distinct tilings that are asymptotic in a set of directions that contains a closed $(d-1)$-hemisphere in its interior, then the branch locus is a topological invariant of the tiling space. If the tiling space is a two-dimensional self-similar Pisot substitution tiling space, the branch locus has a description as an inverse limit of an expanding Markov map on a zero- or one-dimensional simplicial complex.
Turbulent bubbly flow in pipe under gravity and microgravity conditions
Authors: Colin Catherine , Fabre Jean , Kamp Arjan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExperiments on vertical turbulent flow with millimetric bubbles, under three gravity conditions, upward, downward and microgravity flows ($1g$, $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ and $0g$), have been performed to understand the influence of gravity upon the flow structure and the phase distribution. The mean and fluctuating phase velocities, shear stress, turbulence production, gas fraction and bubble size have been measured or determined. The results for $0g$ flow obtained during parabolic flights are taken as reference for buoyant $1g$ and $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ flows. Three buoyancy numbers are introduced to understand and quantify the effects of gravity with respect to friction. We show that the kinematic structure of the liquid is similar to single-phase flow for $0g$ flow whereas it deviates in $1g$ and $\ensuremath{-} 1g$ buoyant flows. The present results confirm the existence of a two-layer structure for buoyant flows with a nearly homogeneous core and a wall layer similar to the single-phase inertial layer whose thickness seems to result from a friction–gravity balance. The distributions of phase velocity, shear stress and turbulence are discussed in the light of various existing physical models. This leads to a dimensionless correlation that quantifies the wall shear stress increase due to buoyancy. The turbulent dispersion, the lift and the nonlinear effects of added mass are taken into account in a simplified model for the phase distribution. Its analytical solution gives a qualitative description of the gas fraction distribution in the wall layer.
Coherent structures and associated subgrid-scale energy transfer in a rough-wall turbulent channel flow
Authors: Hong Jiarong , Katz Joseph , Meneveau Charles , Schultz Michael P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on turbulence structure in a fully developed rough-wall channel flow and its role in subgrid-scale (SGS) energy transfer. Our previous work has shown that eddies of scale comparable to the roughness elements are generated near the wall, and are lifted up rapidly by large-scale coherent structures to flood the flow field well above the roughness sublayer. Utilizing high-resolution and time-resolved particle-image-velocimetry datasets obtained in an optically index-matched facility, we decompose the turbulence into large (${\gt }\lambda $), intermediate ($3\text{{\ndash}} 6k$), roughness ($1\text{{\ndash}} 3k$) and small (${\lt }k$) scales, where $k$ and $\lambda (\lambda / k= 6. 8)$ are roughness height and wavelength, respectively. With decreasing distance from the wall, there is a marked increase in the ‘non-local’ SGS energy flux directly from large to small scales and in the fraction of turbulence dissipated by roughness-scale eddies. Conditional averaging is used to show that a small fraction of the flow volume (e.g. 5 %), which contains the most intense SGS energy transfer events, is responsible for a substantial fraction (50 %) of the energy flux from resolved to subgrid scales. In streamwise wall-normal ($x\text{{\ndash}} y$) planes, the averaged flow structure conditioned on high SGS energy flux exhibits a large inclined shear layer containing negative vorticity, bounded by an ejection below and a sweep above. Near the wall the sweep is dominant, while in the outer layer the ejection is stronger. The peaks of SGS flux and kinetic energy within the inclined layer are spatially displaced from the region of high resolved turbulent kinetic energy. Accordingly, some of the highest correlations occur between spatially displaced resolved velocity gradients and SGS stresses. In wall-parallel $x\text{{\ndash}} z$ planes, the conditional flow field exhibits two pairs of counter-rotating vortices that induce a contracting flow at the peak of SGS flux. Instantaneous realizations in the roughness sublayer show the presence of the counter-rotating vortex pairs at the intersection of two vortex trains, each containing multiple $\lambda $-spaced vortices of the same sign. In the outer layer, the SGS flux peaks within isolated vortex trains that retain the roughness signature, and the distinct pattern of two counter-rotating vortex pairs disappears. To explain the planar signatures, we propose a flow consisting of U-shaped quasi-streamwise vortices that develop as spanwise vorticity is stretched in regions of high streamwise velocity between roughness elements. Flow induced by adjacent legs of the U-shaped structures causes powerful ejections, which lift these vortices away from the wall. As a sweep is transported downstream, its interaction with the roughness generates a series of such events, leading to the formation of inclined vortex trains.
Validation of FFQ-based assessment of dietary lignans compared with serum enterolactone in Swedish women
Authors: Lin Yulan , Wolk Alicja , Håkansson Niclas , Peñalvo Jose Luis , Lagergren Jesper , Adlercreutz Herman , Lu Yunxia 
Published: September 2012

The validity of using FFQ to assess dietary lignans is uncertain. We aimed to validate the use of FFQ for the assessment of dietary intake of lignans compared to the serum biomarker enterolactone, the main product of dietary lignans' metabolism in human subjects. A random sample of women, aged 55–75 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort was selected. Information from two FFQ, the FFQ-87 (sixty-seven food items) and the FFQ-97 (ninety-three food items), and blood samples were collected. Dietary intake of lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, medioresinol and syringaresinol) was assessed by the FFQ. Serum concentrations of enterolactone were analysed by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The correlation coefficient between energy-adjusted lignan intake and serum enterolactone was estimated in crude and multivariable-adjusted models, taking into account the factors potentially influencing the serum enterolactone. Among the 135 participants aged 55–75 years, with a mean BMI of 26·7 kg/m2, the average energy-adjusted intake of total lignans was 1616 (sd 424) and 1516 (sd 409) μg/d according to the FFQ-87 (forty-five food items containing lignans) and the FFQ-97 (sixty-five food items containing lignans), respectively. The mean concentration of serum enterolactone was 23·2 (sd 15·4) nmol/l. The adjusted Pearson's correlation between dietary intake of lignans assessed by the FFQ-97 and serum enterolactone was statistically significant (r 0·22, P= 0·01). No significant correlation was observed for the FFQ-87 (r 0·09, P= 0·30). The present study indicates that the FFQ-97 might be better than the FFQ-87 for assessing dietary intake of lignans, although the correlation was low.
WILL MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS? EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN COASTAL TANZANIA
Authors: PARKER MELISSA , ALLEN TIM 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis article documents understandings and responses to mass drug administration (MDA) for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis among adults and children in northern coastal Tanzania from 2004 to 2011. Assessment of village-level distribution registers, combined with self-reported drug uptake surveys of adults, participant observation and interviews, revealed that at study sites in Pangani and Muheza districts the uptake of drugs was persistently low. The majority of people living at these highly endemic locations either did not receive or actively rejected free treatment. A combination of social, economic and political reasons explain the low uptake of drugs. These include a fear of treatment (attributable, in part, to a lack of trust in international aid and a questioning of the motives behind the distribution); divergence between biomedical and local understandings of lymphatic filariasis; and limited and ineffective communication about the rationale for mass treatment. Other contributory factors are the reliance upon volunteers for distribution within villages and, in some locations, strained relationships between different groups of people within villages as well as between local leaders and government officials. The article also highlights a disjuncture between self-reported uptake of drugs by adults at a village level and the higher uptake of drugs recorded in official reports. The latter informs claims that elimination will be a possibility by 2020. This gives voice to a broader problem: there is considerable pressure for those implementing MDA to report positive results. The very real challenges of making MDA work are pushed to one side – adding to a rhetoric of success at the expense of engaging with local realities. It is vital to address the kind of issues raised in this article if current attempts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in mainland coastal Tanzania are to achieve their goal.
Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states
Authors: HAAGSMA J. A. , GEENEN P. L. , ETHELBERG S. , FETSCH A. , HANSDOTTER F. , JANSEN A. , KORSGAARD H. , O'BRIEN S. J. , SCAVIA G. , SPITZNAGEL H. , STEFANOFF P. , TAM C. C. , HAVELAAR A. H. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYBy building reconstruction models for a case of gastroenteritis in the general population moving through different steps of the surveillance pyramid we estimated that millions of illnesses occur annually in the European population, leading to thousands of hospitalizations. We used data on the healthcare system in seven European Union member states in relation to pathogen characteristics that influence healthcare seeking. Data on healthcare usage were obtained by harmonized cross-sectional surveys. The degree of under-diagnosis and underreporting varied by pathogen and country. Overall, underreporting and under-diagnosis were estimated to be lowest for Germany and Sweden, followed by Denmark, The Netherlands, UK, Italy and Poland. Across all countries, the incidence rate was highest forCampylobacterspp. andSalmonellaspp. Incidence estimates resulting from the pyramid reconstruction approach are adjusted for biases due to different surveillance systems and are therefore a better basis for international comparisons than reported data.
Dense Graphs With a Large Triangle Cover Have a Large Triangle Packing
Authors: YUSTER RAPHAEL 
Published: September 2012

It is well known that a graph with m edges can be made triangle-free by removing (slightly less than) m/2 edges. On the other hand, there are many classes of graphs which are hard to make triangle-free, in the sense that it is necessary to remove roughly m/2 edges in order to eliminate all triangles.We prove that dense graphs that are hard to make triangle-free have a large packing of pairwise edge-disjoint triangles. In particular, they have more than m(1/4+cβ) pairwise edge-disjoint triangles where β is the density of the graph and c ≥ is an absolute constant. This improves upon a previous m(1/4−o(1)) bound which follows from the asymptotic validity of Tuza's conjecture for dense graphs. We conjecture that such graphs have an asymptotically optimal triangle packing of size m(1/3−o(1)).We extend our result from triangles to larger cliques and odd cycles.
Simulating 2008: A Mock Presidential Election's Impact on Civic
Engagement
Authors: Deitz Janna L. , Boeckelman Keith 
Published: September 2012

AbstractYoung adults have particularly low levels of civic engagement. Incorporating
experiential learning activities as part of the political science curriculum shows
promise to reverse this trend. We analyze the impact of a mock presidential election
simulation on the civic engagement of college-aged students. Exit surveys of student
participants and a one-year follow-up survey confirm that this experiential learning
activity had a positive effect on participants' levels of political knowledge, their
interest in public life, and their attitudes about government in general.
Yard Sign Displays and the Enthusiasm Gap in the 2008 and 2010
Elections
Authors: Makse Todd , Sokhey Anand E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the run up to the 2010 midterm elections, pundits and politicos often talked of
an “enthusiasm gap” between Republicans and Democrats. Although conventional
treatments have typically equated these gaps with changes in turnout and the
composition of the electorate, we argue that the term better describes the
participatory patterns of highly engaged voters. Using multiple data sources,
including a geocoded, county-wide study that tracked yard sign displays between 2008
and 2010, we examine the visible evidence of enthusiasm gaps in voters'
neighborhoods. Our findings echo recent narratives, yet suggest that scholars have
missed important dimensions in their examinations of these “wave” elections.
Simulating Humanitarian Aid Decision Making in International Relations
Classrooms
Authors: Stodden William P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSimulations are an excellent way to introduce and reinforce complex topics for both
novices and experienced students in an international relations class. One such
topic, the provision of aid in a humanitarian crisis, can be taught through the use
of collaborative and active-learning techniques found in a simulation. This article
presents a simulation for an international relations course that models and
illustrates the challenges that well-meaning decision makers face when determining
an appropriate international response in a humanitarian crisis.