bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large volumes of microplastics are transported to the deep sea by turbidity currents
Authors: Kane Ian , Chen Peng , Clare Michael , Soutter Euan , Mienis Furu , Wogelius Roy , Keavney Ed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Microplastics pervade the global seafloor, yet the mechanisms by which this pollutant is increasingly transported to the deep sea remain unclear. Fast-moving sediment avalanches (called turbidity currents) are hypothesized to efficiently transport microplastics into the deep sea, yet, while inferred from field sampling of the seafloor, this has never been demonstrated outside of a laboratory setting. Here, we provide the first direct field-scale evidence that turbidity currents in submarine canyons not only transport globally-important volumes of mineral and organic matter into the deep sea, but also carry large quantities of anthropogenic particles, including microfibers and microplastic fragments. In-situ hydrodynamic monitoring in the Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic Ocean), coupled with sampling of the seafloor and material suspended by turbidity currents reveal that even a canyon whose head lies hundreds of kilometers from land acts as an efficient conduit to flush sediment and pollutants from the continental shelf to >3200 m water depth. Frequent and fast turbidity currents supply oxygen and nutrients that sustain deep-sea biodiversity and fishing grounds in, and adjacent to, such submarine canyons. Our results therefore provide the first real-world evidence to confirm that these biodiversity hotspots are co-located with microplastic hotspots, indicating that the >5000 land-detached canyons that incise all of Earth’s submerged continental margins may be important but previously-unproven conveyors of anthropogenic pollution to the deep sea.
Complement-Mediated Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Neutralisation Potency in Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Mellors Jack , Dhaliwal Raman , Longet Stephanie , Tipton Tom , Consortium OCTAVE , Consortium OPTIC , Barnes Eleanor , Dunachie Susanna , Klenerman Paul , Hiscox Julian , Carroll Miles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

With the continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and concerns of waning immunity, there is a need for better defined correlates of protection to aid future vaccine and therapeutic developments. Whilst neutralising antibody titres are associated with protection, these are typically determined in the absence of the complement system, which has the potential to enhance neutralisation titres and strengthen correlates with protection in vivo. Here we show that replenishment of the complement system in neutralisation assays can significantly enhance neutralisation titres, with up to an ~83-fold increase in neutralisation of the BA.1.1.529 strain using cross-reactive sera from vaccination against the ancestral strain. The magnitude of enhancement significantly varies between individuals, viral strains (wild-type/VIC01 and Omicron/BA.1), and cell lines (Vero E6 and Calu-3), and is abrogated following heat-inactivation of the complement source. Utilising ACE2 competition assays, we show that the mechanism of action is partially mediated by reducing ACE2-spike interactions. Through the addition of compstatin (a C3 inhibitor) to live virus neutralisation assays, the complement protein C3 is shown to be required for maximum efficiency. These novel findings further our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity and neutralisation, with implications for protection against emerging variants and assessing future vaccine and therapeutic developments.
Selective RNA pseudouridinylation in situ by circular gRNAs in designer organelles
Authors: Schartel Lukas , Jann Cosimo , Wierczeiko Anna , Butto Tamer , Muendnich Stefan , Marchand Virginie , Motorin Yuri , Helm Mark , Gerber Susanne , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

RNA modifications play a pivotal role in the regulation of RNA chemistry within cells. Several technologies have been developed with the goal of using RNA modifications to regulate cellular biochemistry selectively, but achieving selective and precise modifications remains a challenge. Here, we show that by using designer organelles, we can modify mRNA with pseudouridine in a highly selective and guide-RNA-dependent manner. We use designer organelles based on the principle of phase separation, a central tenet in developing artificial membraneless organelles in living mammalian cells. In addition, we used circular guide RNAs to markedly enhance the effectiveness of targeted pseudouridinylation. Our studies offer spatial engineering by means of optimized RNA editing organelles (OREO) as a complementary tool in using targeted RNA modification to expand potential avenues for future investigation.
Distributed Statistical Analyses: A Scoping Review and Examples of Operational Frameworks Adapted to Health Analytics
Authors: Camirand Lemyre Félix , Lévesque Simon , Domingue Marie-Pier , Herrmann Klaus , Ethier Jean-François 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Data from multiple organizations are crucial for advancing learning health systems. However, ethical, legal, and social concerns may restrict the use of standard statistical methods that rely on pooling data. Although distributed algorithms offer alternatives, they may not always be suitable for health frameworks.

Objective
This study aims to support researchers and data custodians in three ways: (1) providing a concise overview of the literature on statistical inference methods for horizontally partitioned data, (2) describing the methods applicable to generalized linear models (GLMs) and assessing their underlying distributional assumptions, and (3) adapting existing methods to make them fully usable in health settings.

Methods
A scoping review methodology was used for the literature mapping, from which methods presenting a methodological framework for GLM analyses with horizontally partitioned data were identified and assessed from the perspective of applicability in health settings. Statistical theory was used to adapt methods and derive the properties of the resulting estimators.

Results
From the review, 41 articles were selected and 6 approaches were extracted to conduct standard GLM-based statistical analysis. However, these approaches assumed evenly and identically distributed data across nodes. Consequently, statistical procedures were derived to accommodate uneven node sample sizes and heterogeneous data distributions across nodes. Workflows and detailed algorithms were developed to highlight information sharing requirements and operational complexity.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the field of health analytics by providing an overview of the methods that can be used with horizontally partitioned data by adapting these methods to the context of heterogeneous health data and clarifying the workflows and quantities exchanged by the methods discussed. Further analysis of the confidentiality preserved by these methods is needed to fully understand the risk associated with the sharing of summary statistics.
1092-P: Effectiveness of a Hybrid Care Model for Type 2 Diabetes —A Three-Month Evaluation
Authors: ALMARZOOQI IHSAN , ZAKARIA HALA , CACCELLI MILENA , OZKAN CIGDEM , BANGAYAN JESTONI , DANDAN MIRABELLE C. , JANE DIVINO DIANNE , ALEABOVA SOFIA , SAID YOUSEF , HASHEMI ALI 
Published: July 2024

Continuous monitoring in diabetes care enhances access, convenience, adherence, and glycemic control. Challenges in digital-only solutions include trust-building and limitations in face-to-face interactions, along with the lack of engagement by care teams outside the clinic setting. A hybrid model where providers incorporate both remote data monitoring and engagement with in-person visits would address these challenges. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of implementing the hybrid care approach on patients with T2D on glycemic control and clinical outcomes.
A retrospective case-control observational study over 3 months by a hybrid provider (GluCare.Health) in the UAE included patients with T2D (n=262). The case group had both in-clinic visits and bi-weekly virtual engagements via an app that included a range of caregivers (physicians, dietitians, educators and coaches, n=162). The control group only conducted in-clinic visits without virtual engagement mimicking traditional, episodic care (n=100). Engagement data included dietary, lifestyle, medication, exercise and continuous glucose monitoring interactions.
The case group (hybrid model) showed significant HbA1c improvements (-2.19%) (-25%) compared to the control group (-0.10%). Patients with higher baseline HbA1c (≥ 9.0%) experienced greater reductions (-3.67%) (-34%). The case group also showed improvements in weight (-6%), BMI (-6%), LDL (-21%), total cholesterol (-17%), and CVD risk (-41%). The control group had smaller improvements (p &gt;0.05). Engagement strongly correlated with better outcomes; patients with ≥11 interactions (over 90 days) showed significant reductions in HbA1c (-2.38%) and weight (-6.00 kg) in comparison with those &lt;11.
The GluCare.Health hybrid model demonstrates promising outcomes in Type 2 diabetes management with a strong correlation between the number of remote engagement and outcomes in comparison to results seen in the physical-only (traditional-care like) control group.

Disclosure
I. Almarzooqi: None. H. Zakaria: None. M. Caccelli: None. C. Ozkan: None. J. Bangayan: None. M.C. Dandan: None. D. Divino: None. S. Aleabova: None. Y. Said: None. A. Hashemi: None.
1559-P: Heterogeneity of Trajectories of Metabolic Parameters after 50% Beta-Cell Mass Loss by Pancreatectomy
Authors: BIZZOTTO ROBERTO , DI GIUSEPPE GIANFRANCO , SOLDOVIERI LAURA , CINTI FRANCESCA , MOFFA SIMONA , BRUNETTI MICHELA , CICCARELLI GEA , ALFIERI SERGIO , QUERO GIUSEPPE , MARI ANDREA , GIACCARI ANDREA , MEZZA TERESA 
Published: July 2024

Temporal trajectories of metabolic parameters in the onset of dysglycemia are heterogeneous. We aimed to characterize the temporal trajectories of metabolic parameters after β cell mass reduction by pancreatectomy and to study their heterogeneity.
Individuals without known diabetes diagnosis (N = 83) underwent mixed-meal/oral glucose tolerance tests (MMTT/OGTT) and/or hyperglycemic/euglycemic clamp (HC/EC) procedures, before and after surgery. We performed stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis on the glucose tolerance (GT) class (treated as ordinal number, 1 to 3) after surgery, using as independent variables the baselines and changes with surgery of anthropometrics and MMTT- and HC-derived functional parameters of insulin secretion, clearance, and sensitivity (IS), imputed via missForest algorithm when missing. We used the variables selected in this analysis (p&lt;0.01) as input for the reversed graphed embedding (RGE) framework, to identify groups of individuals with extreme combinations of the variables (archetypes).
Independent associations with after-surgery GT class (cross-validated R2 = 0.57) were observed for changes in IS and β cell glucose sensitivity (GS), and for baseline IS, GS, 1st phase insulin secretion, insulin secretion at 6 mmol/L glucose, and insulin clearance. IS and the β cell function parameters showed different trajectories combinations in each of the 5 archetypes identified via RGE (median adjusted Rand index = 0.88; N = 16, 8, 15, 13, 18). After surgery, all archetypes included individuals in each of the 3 GT classes (all proportions &gt; 0 at 95% CI).
The same β cell mass reduction determines a variety of combinations in changes of IS and β cell functional mechanisms. We identified five archetypes underlying these combinations. The same final GT class can be reached by individuals in any of the archetypes, which shed light on the hidden heterogeneity of glycaemic deterioration.

Disclosure
R. Bizzotto: None. G. Di Giuseppe: None. L. Soldovieri: None. F. Cinti: None. S. Moffa: None. M. Brunetti: None. G. Ciccarelli: None. S. Alfieri: None. G. Quero: None. A. Mari: Consultant; Lilly Diabetes. A. Giaccari: None. T. Mezza: None.
1666-P: Effect of Obesity in Family History (FH) on the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Hypertension (HT), and Dyslipidemia (DL)
Authors: IKEDA IZUMI , FUJIHARA KAZUYA , TAKEDA YASUNAGA , HORIKAWA CHIKA , KODAMA SATORU , FERREIRA EFREM D. , MORI YASUMICHI , KADOWAKI TAKASHI , YAMAMOTO-HONDA RITSUKO , ARASE YASUJI , SONE HIROHITO 
Published: July 2024

Heritability and obesity are strongly associated with the prevalence of T2DM, HT, and DL. We compared the effects of an FH of T2DM, HT, and DL combined with obesity on the prevalence of each in the same population. Of 41931 participants who underwent health checkups, the effects of an FH and BMI on the prevalence of those conditions were analyzed cross-sectionally. Prevalences of T2DM, HT, and DL were 5%, 20%, and 48%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that ORs increased for all three as the number of FH positive cases increased and was most pronounced for T2DM. An FH of obesity and increased BMI were additively associated with the prevalence of the three diseases compared to BMI 20.0-21.9 and no positive FH (Fig. A). In addition, the combination of the number of family members with FH positivity (0,1, 2, ≥3) and obesity was additively associated with an increased FH of the three diseases compared to non-obesity and no FH of any of these diseases (Fig. B). For T2DM, the OR increased sharply in non-obese participants when the number of those with an FH of T2DM was ≥3 (14.4 [8.88-23.5]), but in obese participants the OR increased sharply when the number of those with an FH of T2DM was 2 (12.2 [8.85-16.9]) (Fig. B). Results suggest that, especially for T2DM, avoidance of obesity may be effective in reducing the prevalence of these disorders in those with many FH-positive family members.

Disclosure
I. Ikeda: None. K. Fujihara: None. Y. Takeda: None. C. Horikawa: None. S. Kodama: None. E.D. Ferreira: None. Y. Mori: None. T. Kadowaki: None. R. Yamamoto-Honda: None. Y. Arase: None. H. Sone: Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Astellas Pharma Inc., Kowa Company, Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Eisai Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.
1927-LB: Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use on Hospitalizations in People with Type 2 Diabetes—Real-World Analysis
Authors: GARG SATISH K. , HIRSCH IRL B. , REPETTO ENRICO , SNELL-BERGEON JANET K. , ULMER BRIAN , PERKINS CHRISTOPHER , BERGENSTAL RICHARD M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction & Objective: The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the US continues to drive a steady rise in healthcare resource utilization. The real-world impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on hospitalizations in a broad type 2 diabetes population is not completely understood.
Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we used Optum's de-identified Market Clarity data of &gt;79 million people to evaluate CGM use in 74,264 people with type 2 diabetes who were treated with non-insulin (NIT; n=25,788), basal insulin (BIT; n=25,292), and prandial insulin therapy (PIT; n=23,184). The primary outcomes were changes in all-cause hospitalizations (ACH), acute diabetes-related hospitalizations (ADH), and acute diabetes-related emergency room visits (ADER) during the 6- and 12-months post-index period.
Results: ACH, ADH, and ADER were significantly reduced in the first 6 months (post-index) in all three groups: NIT (14%, 32%, 30%), BIT (25%, 57%, 37%), PIT (25%, 54%, 36%) respectively. (Figure 1) The reductions were sustained during 6-12 months in NIT (10%, 31%, 30%), BIT (23%, 56%, 34%), and PIT (19%, 49%, 36%) respectively (all p&lt;0.0001).
Conclusion: The use of CGM in real-world across different therapeutic regimes in people with type 2 diabetes was associated with significant reductions in all-cause hospitalizations, acute diabetes-related hospitalizations and ER visits.

Disclosure
S.K. Garg: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Medtronic. Research Support; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; DarioHealth Corp., Dexcom, Inc., Diasome. Advisory Panel; Roche Diabetes Care. I.B. Hirsch: Advisory Panel; Abbott. Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; MannKind Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Advisory Panel; embecta. Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Advisory Panel; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. E. Repetto: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. J.K. Snell-Bergeon: None. B. Ulmer: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. C. Perkins: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. R.M. Bergenstal: Other Relationship; Abbott. Research Support; Arkray Marketing. Consultant; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc., CeQur. Other Relationship; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Consultant; embecta, Hygieia. Research Support; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; MannKind Corporation. Other Relationship; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Onduo LLC, Roche Diabetes Care. Other Relationship; Sanofi. Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Other Relationship; UnitedHealth Group. Consultant; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Zealand Pharma A/S.

Funding
Roche Diagnostics, Diabetes Care
197-OR: Algorithmic Identification May Improve Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Clinical Study Recruitment
Authors: JANE CROMER SARA , CHEN VICTORIA , KOSS MICAH , FAN MELTON M. , FERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ CRISTINA I. , MARSHALL WILLIAM G. , GREAUX EVELYN , UDLER MIRIAM 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Early analyses of Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) study recruitment suggested that goals to recruit underrepresented groups were not being met. We tested whether a validated electronic health record (EHR) algorithm to identify people with an atypical form of diabetes improved identification of racially and ethnically minoritized individuals who may be candidates for the RADIANT study.
Methods: Individuals identified by the algorithm were reviewed by research assistants, then classified by endocrinologists as atypical diabetes, a known type of diabetes, or unable to classify (more information needed). Chi-squared tests were used to compare the proportion of self-reported non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic or Spanish-speaking (H/SS) participants enrolled through the Mass General site prior to use of the algorithm (mainly through referral by expert clinicians) and proportion of potential individuals identified by the algorithm.
Results: Prior to beginning recruitment through the EHR algorithm, 53% of participants enrolled in RADIANT from the Mass General Brigham site identified as NHW, 5% as NHB, 5% as H/SS, 20% as non-Hispanic Asian (NHA). The algorithm initially identified 539 individuals with potentially atypical forms of diabetes. Of these, 452 under the age of 85 were reviewed, and 93 (20.6%) were classified as atypical and possible RADIANT candidates (v. 65.7% with a known type of diabetes and 13.7% unable to be classified). Of those with likely atypical diabetes, 39.8% identified as NHW, 22.6% as NHB, 11.8% as H/SS, and 20.4% as NHA. The algorithm identified a higher percentage of NHB individuals (p&lt;0.001) and H/SS individuals (p&lt;0.001) when compared to previous recruitment methods.
Conclusion: Use of a validated algorithm to identify individuals with atypical diabetes in the EHR led to improved identification of candidates for the RADIANT study who are historically underrepresented in clinical and genetic research studies.

Disclosure
S. Cromer: Other Relationship; Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies. Advisory Panel; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other Relationship; Wolters Kluwer Health. V. Chen: None. M. Koss: None. M.M. Fan: None. C.I. Fernández Hernández: None. W.G. Marshall: Employee; Abbott. E. Greaux: None. M. Udler: Other Relationship; Up-To-Date.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (7-21-JDFM-005); NIDDK (1U54DK118612)
Scapula Mobilization For Improving Functional Ability In Frozen Shoulder Conditions: Case Study
Authors: Nugraha Fitria Maharani , Pristianto Arif , Zakaria Ricky Fauzi 
Published: July 2024

Background: Frozen Shoulder is characterized by progressive pain resulting in stiffness and limited active and passive motion in the shoulder joint. The primary or idiopathic cause of frozen shoulder is not known with certainty, while secondary causes are usually due to trauma, thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of scapula mobilization to improve functional ability in frozen shoulder conditions.
Method: This study used the case study method which was conducted on frozen shoulder patients at Condong Catur Hospital Yogyakarta in November 2022. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) to measure functional ability. SPADI is a quality of life questionnaire consisting of 13 items to evaluate 5 items for pain and 8 items for disability.
Results: After 3 times of physiotherapy, the results showed reduced pain, increased muscle strength, increased ROM, and increased functional ability.
Conclusion: Scapula mobilization is effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and increasing ROM so that there is also an increase in functional ability.
Implementation Of Gaze Stability Exercise With Ergonomic Approach Based On Home Training Program in Improving Balance in The Elderly
Authors: Putri Fadma , Fidyatul Nazhira  , Swandari Atik , Larasati Nabila 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a decrease in physiological function, which has an impact on balance disorders and can increase the risk of falling in the elderly. Purpose: This study was to analyze differences in the balance of the elderly before and after the implementation of gaze stability exercise with an ergonomic approach based on a home exercise program. Methods: This research is an experimental study with a pre and post test one group design. Participants underwent training every day for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured using time up and go test pre and post intervention. Results: There was a significant difference in the pre and post intervention time up and go test scores with p < 0.05. Conclusion: based on the results of the study, the implementation of gaze stability exercise with an ergonomic approach based on a home exercise program was significant in improving the balance of the elderly by 18.6% compared to before receiving the exercise.

Keywords: Balance, Elderly, Ergonomics, Gaze Stability Exercise
Analysis of the Chinese Construction Industry Features and Trends of Development
Authors: Shixiao W. , Sheina S. G. , Belash V. V. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The construction industry belongs to the branch of material production focused on research, design, construction and maintenance of buildings and structures. It can be divided into four main sectors: housing, construction of infrastructure, industrial construction and professional engineering. The aim of the present research is to identify the challenging issues and aspects in the construction industry of China.Materials and Methods. The comparative analysis of the construction industry features and historical evolvement, as well as the analysis of the existing problems and trends in its development served a tool for solving the objective set forth.Results. The conducted research made it possible to define the distinctive features of the Chinese construction industry and revealed its major problems. The article identified the most forward-looking trends in development of the construction industry.Discussion and Conclusion. To overcome the problems existing in the construction industry of China, the main moves to encourage the development of the industry by investing funds into the technological research and findings have been identified, which lead to mutual benefit and global development taking into account the foreign experience.