bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future sea ice conditions in Western Hudson Bay and consequences for polar bears in the 21st century
Authors: Castro de la Guardia Laura , Derocher Andrew E. , Myers Paul G. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Arjen D. , Lunn Nick J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe primary habitat of polar bears is sea ice, but in Western Hudson Bay (WH), the seasonal ice cycle forces polar bears ashore each summer. Survival of bears on land in WH is correlated with breakup and the ice‐free season length, and studies suggest that exceeding thresholds in these variables will lead to large declines in the WH population. To estimate when anthropogenic warming may have progressed sufficiently to threaten the persistence of polar bears in WH, we predict changes in the ice cycle and the sea ice concentration (SIC) in spring (the primary feeding period of polar bears) with a high‐resolution sea ice‐ocean model and warming forced with 21st century IPCC greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios: B1 (low), A1B (medium), and A2 (high). We define critical years for polar bears based on proposed thresholds in breakup and ice‐free season and we assess when ice‐cycle conditions cross these thresholds. In the three scenarios, critical years occur more commonly after 2050. From 2001 to 2050, 2 critical years occur under B1 and A2, and 4 under A1B; from 2051 to 2100, 8 critical years occur under B1, 35 under A1B and 41 under A2. Spring SIC in WH is high (>90%) in all three scenarios between 2001 and 2050, but declines rapidly after 2050 in A1B and A2. From 2090 to 2100, the mean spring SIC is 84 (±7)% in B1, 56 (±26)% in A1B and 20 (±13)% in A2. Our predictions suggest that the habitat of polar bears in WH will deteriorate in the 21st century. Ice predictions in A1B and A2 suggest that the polar bear population may struggle to persist after ca. 2050. Predictions under B1 suggest that reducing GHG emissions could allow polar bears to persist in WH throughout the 21st century.
Factor VIII mutation and desmopressin‐responsiveness in 62 patients with mild haemophilia A
Authors: Nance D. , Fletcher S. N. , Bolgiano D. C. , Thompson A. R. , Josephson N. C. , Konkle B. A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryUtilization of the synthetic vasopressin analogue (1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine‐vasopressin, DDAVP) in treatment of mild haemophilia A (MHA, specific clotting factor VIII activity level 0.05–0.4 IU mL−1) is convenient and effective for many but not all patients. Genetic testing for patients with MHA is increasingly recognized as providing valuable information for patient care beyond informing reproductive decisions, and as more patients are genotyped, mutation data can be utilized to individualize treatment decisions. To determine if genetic information informs response to DDAVP, a retrospective chart review was performed under Institutional Review Board approval to extract patient data with MHA, genetic mutation results, and response to DDAVP challenge. 62 patients met inclusion criteria. Complete responses (C) presented in mean value IU mL−1 (range), were recorded for 32 of 62(52%) subjects: pre 0.19(0.04–0.45) and post 0.78(0.5–1.95); partial responses (P) were recorded for 15 of 62(24%) subjects: pre 0.1(0.06–0.15) and post 0.4(0.3–0.47); responses that were not clinically significant (N) were recorded for 15 of 62(24%) subjects: pre 0.17(0.02–0.34) and post 0.25(0.03–0.44). Subjects (related and unrelated) with the same mutation showed a trend towards a similar response to DDAVP. Eight genotypes were common to two or more subjects (n = 26). Two genotypes were concordant in all subjects [p.Ser2192Ile n = 3(C), p.Ala2220Pro n = 2(P)]. Of mutations in the C1 or C2 domains, 13 of 15(87%) subjects responded to DDAVP [C = 9(60%); P = 4(27%); n = 2(13%)]. Baseline FVIII:C did not predict magnitude of response to DDAVP. Genetic mutation results can assist with predicting DDAVP responsiveness, but baseline FVIII:C may not.
Quantification of perioperative changes in von Willebrand factor and factor VIII during elective orthopaedic surgery in normal individuals
Authors: Kahlon A. , Grabell J. , Tuttle A. , Engen D. , Hopman W. , Lillicrap D. , James P. 
Published: May 2013

Summaryvon Willebrand's disease (VWD) patients undergoing major surgery are prophylactically treated to promote haemostasis. There is variability in perioperative clinical practice; however, most guidelines suggest replacing the deficient factor to a level of 1.0 IU mL−1 (or 100%). A review of the literature reveals a paucity of well constructed descriptive data quantifying the changes in coagulation that occur in response to surgical stress. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes in haemostatic variables occurring in response to elective orthopaedic surgery in normal individuals. Eligible subjects >18 years of age undergoing total hip or knee replacement were recruited. Blood samples were drawn at five time points: baseline, preoperatively, 30 min after surgical incision, 30 min postoperatively, postoperative day (POD) 1. Analyses included t‐tests and repeated measures anova. Overall 30 patients, 21 women and 9 men, with a mean age of 65 were included in the final analysis. All von Willebrand factor (VWF) variables were seen to significantly decrease intraoperatively and increase postoperatively. VWF multimers showed a statistically significant decrease in high molecular weight multimers intraoperatively and an increase postoperatively. On subgroup analysis, age, gender and anaesthesia type were significantly correlated with changes in VWF parameters. Data presented in the current study establish a physiological baseline for VWF parameters in the normal population and demonstrate mean VWF/factor VIII levels greater than 1.0 IU mL−1 intraoperatively. As such, current management in VWD patients does not appear to mimic the normal physiological response to surgery.
Do patients’ information requirements for choice in health care vary with their socio‐demographic characteristics?
Authors: Laverty Anthony A. , Dixon Anna , Millett Christopher 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines whether the information used to inform hospital choice, and the sources of that information, varies with patients’ socio‐demographic characteristics. It also examines whether information used by patients to inform choice is associated with attending their local hospital.MethodsA survey of 1033 patients who were offered a choice of hospital provider for elective treatment in England. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between patient characteristics and information used to inform choice of a hospital provider and sources of information used.ResultsFactors most important to patients in choosing a hospital were quality of care, cleanliness, standard of facilities and reputation. While quality of care and related factors are important to the majority of patients, those with lower levels of education were more likely to report that location and appointment times were important. Those who thought quality important were more likely to attend their local hospital provider. The main sources of information used to inform choice of hospital were own experience, family and friends and the general practitioner (GP). Patients who sought advice from their GP or booking advisors were less likely to attend their local hospitals.ConclusionsDifferences among patients as to what factors are important when choosing a hospital provider and what information and support they access suggest there needs to be a variety of information sources and support available to promote choice. Greater shared decision making through active involvement and support by GPs or booking advisors may be required if they are to make choices in line with their preferences.
HLA class II allele polymorphism in an outbreak of chikungunya fever in Middle Andaman, India
Authors: Chaaithanya Itta Krishna , Muruganandam Nagarajan , Anwesh Maile , Rajesh Reesu , Ghosal Sruti R. , Kartick Chinnaiah , Prasad Kadiyala Nageswara , Muthumani Karuppiah , Vijayachari Paluru 
Published: May 2013

SummaryA sudden upsurge of fever cases with joint pain was observed in the outpatient department, Community Health Centre, Rangat during July–August 2010 in Rangat Middle Andaman, India. The aetiological agent responsible for the outbreak was identified as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), by using RT‐PCR and IgM ELISA. The study investigated the association of polymorphisms in the human leucocyte antigen class II genes with susceptibility or protection against CHIKV. One hundred and one patients with clinical features suggestive of CHIKV infection and 104 healthy subjects were included in the study. DNA was extracted and typed for HLA‐DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. Based on the amino acid sequences of HLA‐DQB1 retrieved from the IMGT/HLA database, critical amino acid differences in the specific peptide‐binding pockets of HLA‐DQB1 molecules were investigated. The frequencies of HLA‐DRB1 alleles were not significantly different, whereas lower frequency of HLA‐DQB1*03:03 was observed in CHIKV patients compared with the control population [P = 0·001, corrected P = 0·024; odds ratio (OR) = 0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0·0–0·331; Peto's OR = 0·1317, 95% CI 0·0428–0·405). Significantly lower frequency of glutamic acid at position 86 of peptide‐binding pocket 1 coding HLA‐DQB1 genotypes was observed in CHIKV patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0·004, OR = 0·307, 95% CI 0·125–0·707). Computational binding predictions of CD4 epitopes of CHIKV by NetMHCII revealed that HLA‐DQ molecules are known to bind more CHIKV peptides than HLA‐DRB1 molecules. The results suggest that HLA‐DQB1 alleles and critical amino acid differences in the peptide‐binding pockets of HLA‐DQB1 alleles might have role in influencing infection and pathogenesis of CHIKV.
High‐Pressure Behavior and Phase Stability of Al5BO9, a Mullite‐Type Ceramic Material
Authors: Gatta G. Diego , Lotti Paolo , Merlini Marco , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Fisch Martin 
Published: May 2013

Phase stability, elastic behavior, and pressure‐induced structural evolution of synthetic boron‐mullite Al5BO9 (a = 5.6780(7), b = 15.035(6), and c =7.698(3) Å, space group Cmc21, Z = 4) were investigated up to 25.6(1) GPa by in situ single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell (DAC) under hydrostatic conditions. No evidence of phase transition was observed up to 21.7(1) GPa. At 25.6(1) GPa, the refined unit‐cell parameters deviated significantly from the compressional trend, and the diffraction peaks appeared broader than at lower pressure. At 26.7(1) GPa, the diffraction pattern was not indexable, suggesting amorphization of the material or a phase transition to a high‐pressure polymorph. Fitting the P–V data up to 21.7(1) GPa with a second‐order Birch–Murnaghan Equation‐of‐State, we obtained a bulk modulus KT0 = 164(1) GPa. The axial compressibilities, here described as linearized bulk moduli, are as follows: KT0(a) = 244(9), KT0(b) = 120(4), and KT0(c) = 166(11) GPa (KT0(a):KT0(b):KT0(c) = 2.03:1:1.38). The structure refinements allowed a description of the main deformation mechanisms in response to the applied pressure. The stiffer crystallographic direction appears to be controlled by the infinite chains of edge‐sharing octahedra running along [100], making the structure less compressible along the a‐axis than along the b‐ and c‐axis.
Identification of periodontitis associated changes in the proteome of whole human saliva by mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Salazar Manuela Gesell , Jehmlich Nico , Murr Annette , Dhople Vishnu M. , Holtfreter Birte , Hammer Elke , Völker Uwe , Kocher Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimInterest in human saliva proteomics for disease‐specific biomarker screening increased in the last decade. We used whole saliva samples from periodontally healthy and diseased subjects with chronic periodontitis to screen for disease‐associated differences in the protein pattern.Material and MethodsWe selected 20 periodontally healthy and 20 periodontally diseased subjects from the population‐based cross‐sectional Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐2 and SHIP‐Trend). Saliva collection was performed with commercially available Salivette® (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany). Whole saliva proteins were analysed after trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation and proteolytic digestion with trypsin by LC‐MS/MS. MS‐data were analysed and quantified using the Rosetta Elucidator software package.ResultsIn whole saliva we identified 344 human protein groups across all samples. For label free quantitation we only considered 152 proteins identified with more than one unique peptide. In total, 20 proteins showed 1.5‐fold difference in abundance between controls and patients (p < 0.05); the majority of these proteins showed higher abundance in the periodontally diseased subjects. Functional annotation of proteins linked the periodontally diseased status with acute phase response and inflammatory processes.ConclusionLabel free proteomic analysis of whole saliva is a powerful tool to characterize the periodontal disease status and differentiate between healthy and periodontally diseased subjects.
Mineralization of the vertebral bodies inAtlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) is initiated segmentally in the form of hydroxyapatite crystal accretions in the notochord sheath
Authors: Wang Shou , Kryvi Harald , Grotmol Sindre , Wargelius Anna , Krossøy Christel , Epple Mattias , Neues Frank , Furmanek Tomasz , Totland Geir K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe performed a sequential morphological and molecular biological study of the development of the vertebral bodies inAtlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Mineralization starts in separate bony elements which fuse to form complete segmental rings within the notochord sheath. The nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals in both the lamellar typeIIcollagen matrix of the notochord sheath and the lamellar typeIcollagen matrix derived from the sclerotome, were highly similar. In both matrices the hydroxyapatite crystals nucleate and accrete on the surface of the collagen fibrils rather than inside the fibrils, a process that may be controlled by a template imposed by the collagen fibrils. Apatite crystal growth starts with the formation of small plate‐like structures, about 5 nm thick, that gradually grow and aggregate to form extensive multi‐branched crystal arborizations, resembling dendritic growth. The hydroxyapatite crystals are always oriented parallel to the long axis of the collagen fibrils, and the lamellar collagen matrices provide oriented support for crystal growth. We demonstrate here for the first time by means of synchroton radiation based on X‐ray diffraction that the chordacentra contain hydroxyapatite. We employed quantitative real‐timePCRto study the expression of key signalling molecule transcripts expressed in the cellular core of the notochord. The results indicate that the notochord not only produces and maintains the notochord sheath but also expresses factors known to regulate skeletogenesis:sonic hedgehog(shh),indian hedgehog homolog b(ihhb),parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(pth1r) andtransforming growth factor beta 1(tgfb1). In conclusion, our study provides evidence for the process of vertebral body development in teleost fishes, which is initially orchestrated by the notochord.
Clinical competence in developmental‐behavioural paediatrics: Raising the bar
Authors: O'Keeffe Mick 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor our specialist paediatric workforce to be suitably equipped to deal with current childhood morbidity, a high level of competence in developmental‐behavioural paediatrics (DBP) is necessary. New models of training and assessment are required to meet this challenge. An evolution of training in DBP, built around the centrepiece of competency‐based medical education, is proposed. Summative assessment based upon entrustable professional activities, and a menu of formative workplace‐based assessments specific to the DBP context are key components. A pilot project to develop and implement these changes is recommended.
Phthalates in the NICU: Is it safe?
Authors: Fischer Céline J , Bickle Graz Myriam , Muehlethaler Vincent , Palmero David , Tolsa Jean‐François 
Published: May 2013

AimsAs growing concerns exist regarding phthalate exposure, which could be teratogenic, carcinogenic or induce reproductive toxicity, we aimed to review the evidence of the risks due to the use of medical devices containing di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in hospitalized neonates.MethodsWe reviewed the literature, searching through medical literature databases (Pubmed, MEDLINE, EBM reviews, Cochrane database, Embase and Google Scholar) using the following keywords: phthalate, di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate, newborn and neonate.ResultsWe identified several associations with short and long term health dangers, mainly subfertility, broncho‐pulmonary dysplasia, necrotising enterocolitis, parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis and neuro‐developmental disorders. These data are based mainly on animal or observational human studies.ConclusionClinicians must be aware of the potential risks due to phthalate exposure in the NICU. Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate containing materials should be identified and alternative devices should be considered. There is a need to improve knowledge in this area.
Salivary antioxidants as periodontal biomarkers in evaluation of tissue status and treatment outcome
Authors: Novakovic N. , Todorovic T. , Rakic M. , Milinkovic I. , Dozic I. , Jankovic S. , Aleksic Z. , Cakic S. 
Published: May 2013

Background and objectiveOne of the major pathologic patterns in periodontitis represents an imbalance among the production of free radicals and local antioxidants resulting in periodontal tissue destruction. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on salivary antioxidants and to evaluate their capacity as biomarkers reflecting periodontal tissue condition and therapy outcome.Material and MethodsSixty‐three systemically healthy non‐smokers, including 21 periodontally healthy subjects (HC) and 42 patients with current chronic periodontitis fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Half of the patients received scaling and root planing (SRP) and the other half received only oral hygiene instructions. Full mouth clinical measurements, including gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level and saliva sampling were performed at baseline visit and 2 mo after treatment/baseline visit. Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), albumins (ALB), uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were evaluated in saliva samples using commercial kits.ResultsAll measured antioxidants were affected by treatment resulting in significant increase in TAOC (p < 0.005), ALB (p < 0.001), UA (p < 0.001) and GPX (p < 0.001) and decrease of SOD (p < 0.005) in response to SRP, where no differences were observed for any of parameters in the oral hygiene instructions group. Comparison of antioxidant levels between the HC and SRP group showed that before treatment ALB were significantly higher in HC when compared to the SRP group (p = 0.039), and GXP (p = 0.000) and SOD (p = 0.021) levels were significantly higher in the SRP group. Comparison of values after treatment showed that TAOC was significantly higher in the HC than in the SRP group (p = 0.001), but UA was, inversely, significantly higher in the SRP group (p = 0.034). All clinical parameters except clinical attachment level were significantly decreased after SRP and significant correlations were observed between SOD and GI (p = 0.017), SOD and PI (p = 0.011), GPX and GI (p = 0.003) and GPX and PI (p = 0.008).ConclusionNon‐surgical periodontal treatment affected salivary TAOC, ALB, UA, SOD and GPX; moreover, these biochemical parameters convincingly reflected periodontal status and tissue response on treatment.
Clinical significance of microscopic haematuria in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients with overt proteinuria
Authors: Okada Tomonari , Nagao Toshitaka , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Nagaoka Yume , Wada Toshikazu , Nakao Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimAlthough some patients with diabetic nephropathy with overt proteinuria have microscopic haematuria, the pathological characteristics and clinical significance related to microscopic haematuria have not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to clarify the pathological characteristics and clinical significance of microscopic haematuria.MethodsEighty‐four type 2 diabetes patients with overt proteinuria and biopsy‐confirmed diabetic nephropathy were enrolled. The clinical and histological findings were compated between the patients with persistent haematuria (group 1, n = 25) and those with persistent non‐haematuria (group 2, n = 23) after renal biopsy. The association between persistent haematuria and renal outcome at 5 years was examined. Histological scoring was made according to the original system and that of Tervaert et al.ResultsThirty‐six patients (43%) had microscopic haematuria at the time of renal biopsy. Age was significantly smaller and blood pressure was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (age: group 1, 56 ± 10 years; group 2, 62 ± 9 years; P = 0.03, systolic blood pressure: group 1, 152 ± 16 mmHg; group 2, 140 ± 16 mmHg; P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in histological parameters between the two groups. A logistic regression model demonstrated that arteriolar hyalinosis was significantly associated with persistent haematuria (OR = 2.81; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in changes in reciprocal serum creatinine and rates of doubling of serum creatinine after renal biopsy between the two groups.ConclusionAlthough arteriolar hyalinosis was associated with persistent haematuria, the clinical significance of microscopic haematuria was minor in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients with overt proteinuria.
Emerging landscape of non‐codingRNAs in oral health and disease
Authors: Perez P , Jang S‐I , Alevizos I 
Published: May 2013

The world of non‐coding RNAs has only recently started being discovered. For the past 40 years, coding genes,mRNA, and proteins have been the center of cellular and molecular biology, and pathologic alterations were attributed to either the aberration of gene sequence or altered promoter activity. It was only after the completion of the human genome sequence that the scientific community started seriously wondering why only a very small portion of the genome corresponded to protein‐coding genes. New technologies such as the whole‐genome and whole‐transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that at least 90% of the genome is actively transcribed. The identification and cataloguing of multiple kinds of non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) have exponentially increased, and it is now widely accepted that ncRNAs play major biological roles in cellular physiology, development, metabolism, and are also implicated in a variety of diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the two major classes (long and short forms) of non‐coding RNAs and describe their subclasses in terms of function and their relevance and potential in oral diseases.