bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential immunohistochemistry: a promising new tool for the pathology laboratory
Authors: van den Brand Michiel , Hoevenaars Brigiet M , Sigmans Jessica H M , Meijer Jos W R , van Cleef Patricia H J , Groenen Patricia J T A , Hebeda Konnie M , van Krieken J Han J M 
Published: April 2014

AimsCurrent immunohistochemical methods to study the expression of multiple proteins in a single tissue section suffer from several limitations. In this article, we report on sequential immunohistochemistry (S‐IHC), a novel, easy method that allows the study of numerous proteins in a single tissue section, while requiring very limited optimization.Methods and resultsIn S‐IHC, a tissue section is stained for multiple antibodies, with intermediate scanning of the section and elution of chromogen and antibodies. Overlays are made of the digital images, allowing assessment of multiple proteins in the same tissue section. We used S‐IHC to study nine nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphomas (NLPHLs) and 10 T‐cell‐rich and histiocyte‐rich diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (T/HRBCLs) for expression of cyclin D1, CD20, and CD68. We observed cyclin D1 expression in single tumour cells in 44% of NLPHLs and 60% of T/HRBCLs. Comparison of S‐IHC with classic single immunohistochemical staining revealed discrepancies in eight cases (42%), demonstrating the difficulty of differentiating tumour cells from histiocytes on morphological grounds, and stressing the additional value of S‐IHC.ConclusionsFor research and diagnostic purposes, S‐IHC is a promising technique that assesses the expression of numerous proteins in single tissue sections with complete architectural information, allowing phenotypic characterization of single cells.
‘Neuroendocrine’ middle ear adenomas: consistent expression of the transcription factor ISL1 further supports their neuroendocrine derivation
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Lell Michael , Schaller Tina , Märkl Bruno , Hornung Joachim 
Published: April 2014

AimsNeuroendocrine middle ear adenoma (MEA) is a rare epithelial neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis that frequently shows neuroendocrine features. To date, <120 cases have been reported. The aims of the current study were to describe our experience with neuroendocrine MEA, to assess the frequency of specific neuroendocrine differentiation, and to test these lesions for transcription factors known to be expressed in a variety of other neuroendocrine tumours.Methods and resultsWe investigated six cases of neuroendocrine MEA, and stained them, for the first time, for the transcription factors CDX2, TTF1, PAX8, and ISL1 (islet‐1). The patients were four men and two women (mean age, 39 years; range, 27–53 years). Two of four patients with extended follow‐up (4.5–22 years) experienced recurrence at 92 months, and at 9 and 22 years, respectively. One case extending into the external ear coexisted with cholesteatoma. Histological examination showed trabecular, solid, acinar, glandular, cribriform, organoid, nested, diffuse non‐cohesive plasmacytoid and pseudoalveolar patterns in varying combinations. Immunohistochemistry showed consistent expression of vimentin (4/4), pancytokeratin (6/6), synaptophysin (6/6), CD56 (4/4), and ISL1 (6/6). A CK7 antibody stained scattered cells in two of five cases. The myoepithelial markers and transcription factors TTF1, CDX2 or PAX8 were not expressed in any of the cases.ConclusionsMiddle ear adenoma is an indolent, locally recurring, but generally non‐metastasizing neoplasm with uniform expression of synaptophysin and ISL1, indicating true neuroendocrine differentiation. Because of its highly varied cellular and architectural appearance, MEA should be distinguished from tympanic paraganglioma and a variety of rare benign and malignant lesions at this site.
Polymorphisms of inflammation‐related genes and colorectal cancer risk: a population‐based case–control study in China
Authors: Yu Y. , Zheng S. , Zhang S. , Jin W. , Liu H. , Jin M. , Chen Z. , Ding Z. , Wang L. , Chen K. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe previous studies found that chronic inflammation related to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to explore the associations of polymorphisms in inflammation‐related genes (IL10, IL10RA, IL6R, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, LTA and IL4) and their interactions with the risk of colorectal cancer among Chinese population. A population‐based case–control study including 299 cases and 296 controls was conducted from January 2001 to December 2009. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyse the association of nine SNPs in inflammation‐related genes with the risk of CRC, colon cancer and rectal cancer, respectively. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was implemented to explore the gene–gene interactions among all SNPs on CRC. A decreased risk of colorectal cancer in subjects with rs1800872 AC genotype of IL10 (OR = 0.643, 95%CI = 0.453, 0.912) or AC/CC genotype (OR = 0.636, 95%CI = 0.457, 0.885) was observed, compared with those with AA genotype. Meanwhile, similar associations were observed between rs1800872 and rectal cancer. Additionally, in rs1061624 of TNFRSF1B gene, AG genotype (OR=0.566; 95% CI= 0.362, 0.885) and AG/GG genotype (OR=0.638; 95% CI=0.420, 0.971) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer, respectively. Our findings indicated that mutants in IL10 and TNFRSF1B genes may change the CRC risk. However, there is no interaction between inflammation‐related genes on CRC risk.
Association of erosion with timing of detection and selected risk factors in primary dentition: a longitudinal study
Authors: Huang Linda L. , Leishman Shaneen , Newman Bruce , Seow W. Kim 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of erosion in a birth cohort at 24, 36, and 48 months and to investigate risk factors for erosion.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐four children from a birth cohort were followed at 24, 36, and 48 months of age.ResultsOf the 154 children examined, 0% (0/154), 7% (11/154), and 28% (40/154) had erosion detected for the first time at 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively (P < 0.001). A cumulative total of 51 (33%) children and 256 (8%) teeth had erosion by the age of 48 months. There were no significant associations between erosive lesions first detected at 36 months and oral hygiene behaviour, medical conditions, or dietary habits reported at the 24‐ or 36‐month examinations (all P > 0.05). In contrast, erosive lesion first detected at 48 months was positively associated with the use of a feeding bottle reported at the 36‐month examination (P = 0.026).ConclusionsThe prevalence of dental erosion in young children increased with age, with clinically detectable lesions forming between 24 and 36 months of age. Erosive lesions first detected at 48 months were positively associated with the use of a feeding bottle reported at 36 months.
The peritrophic membrane of the gastropod Megathura crenulata: structure, composition, and site of formation
Authors: Valk Jacob , Schindelman Gary , Martin Gary G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPeritrophic membranes (PMs) are acellular layered structures secreted around ingested materials by the gut epithelium. Most studies on PMs have focused on those of insects and crustaceans due to their potential ability to block the movement of pathogens from ingested materials into the body, and their possible use as unique targets relevant to pest management. While PMs are known to occur in other taxa, their distribution is spotty and little is known about their role in these other species. The gastropod Megathura crenulata produces a true PM, which has a chitinous matrix that makes up nearly half its wet weight. Unlike arthropod PMs, which are released by delamination from the microvilli of their gut cells, the chitinous matrix of the M. crenulata PM is secreted from epithelial cells lining most regions of its gut. Although its mode of synthesis is unique, it may serve the same functions as proposed for other PMs, including regulating diffusion, binding metabolites, restricting protease activity, blocking pathogens, and providing lubrication. In arthropods, numerous proteins with chitin‐binding specificities have been identified, consistent with the proposed functions. Analysis of PMs in M. crenulata showed several integral proteins associated with the membrane, suggesting that the PM in this mollusc may be involved in complex functions like those seen in the arthropods.
Fatigue Life of Bioactive Titanium Dental Implants Treated by Means of Grit‐Blasting and Thermo‐Chemical Treatment
Authors: Gil F. Javier , Espinar Eduardo , Llamas Jose Maria , Sevilla Pablo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: This study focuses on the fatigue behavior of titanium dental implants as‐received, with a grit‐blasted surface and with a new bioactive surface treatment (2Steps).Background: The 2Step process consists of (1) an initial grit‐blasting process to produce a micro‐rough surface, followed by (2) a combined thermo‐chemical treatment that produces a potentially bioactive surface, that is, that can form an apatitic layer when exposed to biomimetic conditions in vitro. The 2Step treatment produced micro‐rough and apatitic coating implants.Methods: Residual stresses were determined by means of X‐ray diffraction. The fatigue tests were carried out at 37°C on 500 dental implants, and the S‐N curve was determined. The fatigue‐crack nucleation for the different treatments was analyzed.Results: The fatigue tests show that the grit‐blasting process improves the fatigue life. This is a consequence of the layer of compressive residual stresses that the treatment generates in titanium surfaces. Dental implants that had its surfaced prepared with the 2Step procedure (grit‐blasting and thermo‐chemical treatment) had its fatigue life decreased by 10% due to the incorporation of oxygen to the surface and the relaxation of the compressive residual stress produced by the heat treatment.Conclusions: Thermo‐chemical treatment is an excellent compromise between the improvement of bioactive and mechanical long‐life behaviors.
Effects of Olmesartan‐Based Treatment on Masked, White‐Coat, Poorly Controlled, and Well‐Controlled Hypertension: HONEST Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Saito Ikuo , Kushiro Toshio , Teramukai Satoshi , Ishikawa Yusuke , Kobayashi Fumiaki , Shimada Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2014

The authors examined the effects of olmesartan‐based treatment on clinic systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and morning home systolic blood pressure (HSBP) in 21,340 patients with masked hypertension (MH), white‐coat hypertension (WCH), poorly controlled hypertension (PCH), and well‐controlled hypertension (CH) using data from the Home Blood Pressure Measurement With Olmesartan Naive Patients to Establish Standard Target Blood Pressure (HONEST) study. MH, WCH, PCH, and CH were defined using CSBP 140 mm Hg and MHSBP 135 mm Hg as cutoff values at baseline. At 16 weeks, the MH, WCH, PCH, and CH groups had changes in CSBP by −1.0, −15.2, −23.1, and 1.8 mm Hg, and changes in morning HSBP by −12.5, 1.0, −20.3, and 2.0 mm Hg, respectively. In conclusion, in “real‐world” clinical practice, olmesartan‐based treatment decreased high morning HBP or CBP without excessive decreases in normal morning HBP or CBP according to patients' BP status.
Treatment of periodontal‐endodontic lesions – a systematic review
Authors: Schmidt Julia C. , Walter Clemens , Amato Mauro , Weiger Roland 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of periodontal‐endodontic lesions is challenging due to the involvement of both periodontal and endodontic tissues.ObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment options and outcomes of periodontal‐endodontic lesions.Material and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed for articles published by 12 May 2013 using electronic databases and hand search. Two reviewers conducted the study selection, data collection and validity assessment. The PRISMA criteria were applied. From 1087 titles identified by the search strategy, five studies and 18 case reports were included.ResultsClinical studies and case reports were published from the years 1981 to 2012. A pronounced heterogeneity exists among studies regarding applied treatment protocols and quality of reporting. In all clinical studies, comprising 111 teeth, a non‐surgical root canal treatment (RCT) was performed as initial treatment step. Non‐surgical and/or a surgical periodontal therapy was applied in some studies without re‐evaluation of the endodontic healing. Probing pocket depth reductions were reported in all included studies, comprising the data from 80 teeth at follow‐up.ConclusionsA sequential treatment with root canal treatment as a first treatment step appears to be reasonable. An adequate time for tissue healing is suggested prior to re‐evaluation.
Evaluating multiple approaches for managing western corn rootworm larvae with seed blends
Authors: Tinsley N. A. , Estes R. E. , Schrader P. M. , Gray M. E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCorn rootworm, Diabrotica spp., larvae represent a significant and widespread economic threat to corn, Zea mays (L.), production in the United States, where control costs and yield losses associated with these insect pests exceed $1 billion annually. Preventing root injury and associated yield loss caused by corn rootworm larvae may be accomplished by the independent use of planting time soil insecticides or transgenic Bt hybrids. However, recent reports of both confirmed and suspected Bt resistance in corn rootworm populations throughout the Corn Belt have led to significant interest in the use of these two management tactics simultaneously. Although this approach has been investigated to some extent previously, information is lacking on how the use of a soil insecticide in tandem with a Bt seed blend—Bt and refuge (non‐Bt) seed mixed into a single product—may affect root protection and yield. We describe an experiment including six trial sites conducted over a three‐year period where various seed blends and soil insecticide/seed blend combinations were evaluated. The predominant species contributing to root injury across all sites was the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A weighted technique is presented for evaluating root injury for seed blends that offers a reliable estimate of product performance. The addition of a soil insecticide to the seed blend treatments never resulted in significantly improved root protection and failed to provide a consistent yield benefit. Our results suggest that a soil insecticide/seed blend combination approach is not warranted. Additionally, a subanalysis performed on individual refuge and nearby Bt root systems for seed blend treatments provides insight into the spatial characteristics of root injury in seed blend scenarios.
The evolution of zircon during low‐P partial melting of metapelitic rocks: theoretical predictions and a case study from Mt Stafford, central Australia
Authors: Wang WEI‐(RZ) , Dunkley E. , Clarke G. L. , Daczko N. R. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPalaeoproterozoic metasedimentary migmatite reflects the highest temperature parts of a regional aureole at Mt Stafford, central Australia, comprising rocks that experienced 500–800 °C at ≈3 kbar. Whole‐rock major element concentrations are correlated with Zr content, psammitic compositions having nearly twice the Zr content of pelitic compositions. Zirconium is concentrated in mesosome compared with leucosome. Zircon is largely detrital, mostly lacking any overgrowth contemporary with migmatite formation. Comparatively small proportions of micro‐zircon (<10 μm) in sub‐solidus rocks are mostly hosted by quartz and plagioclase. Much higher proportions (three to five times) of micro‐zircon in migmatite are hosted by prograde K‐feldspar, cordierite and biotite. T–X and P–T NCKFMASHTZr pseudosections constructed using thermocalc model the distribution of Zr between solid and silicate liquid phases. Half of the detrital zircon (~100 ppm Zr) is predicted to be dissolved into silicate liquid at ≈800 °C and all dissolved by 850 °C, if all zircon is involved in the equilibration volume. Melt segregation at relatively low temperature is predicted to enrich the residuum in Zr, consistent with the observed distribution of Zr between mesosome and leucosome. The limited development of metamorphic zircon rims or overgrowths at Mt Stafford is explained by three concurrent processes: (i) Zr liberated during prograde metamorphism formed micro‐zircon, rather than following the prediction that Zr will partition into silicate liquid; (ii) some detrital zircon was probably armoured by other rock‐forming minerals, reducing Zr content in the effective bulk rock composition; and (iii) small proportions of melt loss during migmatization removed Zr that otherwise would have been available to form metamorphic rims.
Cytokeratin expression of engrafted three‐dimensional culture tissues using epithelial cells derived from porcine periodontal ligaments
Authors: Yamada Rie , Kitajima Kayoko , Arai Kyoko , Igarashi Masaru 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThis study investigated the differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells derived from periodontal ligaments after three‐dimensional culture using collagen gel with fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo.MethodsEpithelial cells and fibroblasts were derived from porcine periodontal ligaments. Epithelial cells were labeled using a fluorescent red membrane marker (PKH‐26GL) and were seeded onto collagen gel with fibroblasts, followed by incubation in an air–liquid interface for 7 days. Three‐dimensional cultures were grafted onto the backs of nude mice and removed at 1, 7, and 14 days after surgery (in vivo model). Unfixed sections (5 μm) were used to detect the presence of red fluorescent cells. Paraffin sections were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Specimens were compared with three‐dimensional culture tissues at 8, 14 and 21 days (in vitro model).ResultsGrafted three‐dimensional cultures formed a stratified epithelial structure similar to skin in vivo. Epithelial cells were sequenced in basal‐layer‐like structures at 14 days in vivo. Immunohistochemical findings showed that the expression of cytokeratin was detected in the epithelial layer in in vitro and in vivo models. Ck8 + 18 + 19 was expressed in the upper epithelial layer in the in vitro model at 14 and 21 days, but not in vivo. Involucrin was expressed in the certified layers in vitro at 14 days, but not in vivo. Laminin was detected at the dermo‐epidermal junction in vivo at 7 and 14 days, but not in vitro.ConclusionThese results suggest that differentiation of three‐dimensional culture tissues differs in vivo and in vitro.
Smokeless tobacco increases aneuploidy in oral HPV16 E6/E7‐transformed keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Merne Marina , Rautava Jaana , Ruutu Merja , Syrjänen Stina 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe scope of this work was to study synergism between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and tobacco in vitro, both known to be independent risk factors for oral cancer.MethodsHPV‐positive and HPV‐negative oral keratinocytes and oral HPV‐negative fibroblasts were exposed to smokeless tobacco extract (STE) prepared from the Scandinavian (STE1) and US‐type (STE2) snuff. Cell cycle profiles were determined with flow cytometry, and HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in HPV‐positive cells was assayed using RT‐qPCR.ResultsThe exposure of HPV‐positive keratinocytes with STE2 increased the number of aneuploid cells from 27% to 80% of which 44% were in S‐phase, while none of the diploid cells were in S‐phase. The changes after STE1 exposure were less than seen after STE2: from 27% to 31% of which 34% were in S‐phase. STE had no effect on HPV16 E6/E7 expression in HPV‐positive keratinocytes. In oral spontaneously transformed, HPV‐negative keratinocytes, the number of aneuploid cells at G2‐M stage increased after STE1 and STE2 exposure from 3% to 9% and 7%, respectively. In HPV‐negative oral fibroblasts, the number of cells at G2‐M phase increased from 11% to 21% after STE1 and 29% after STE2 exposure.ConclusionsThe effect of STE varied in the cell lines studied. STE2 increased significantly the proportion of aneuploid cells in HPV‐positive oral keratinocytes, but not HPV16 E6/E7 expression. This indicates that tobacco products may enhance the effects of HPV 16 and the risk of DNA aneuploidy increasing risk to malignant transformation.
Correlates of Female Sexual Functioning: Adult Attachment and Differentiation of Self
Authors: Burri Andrea , Schweitzer Robert , O'Brien Jessica 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual functioning is affected by a range of factors including motivation, psychological well-being, and relationship issues. In understanding female sexual dysfunction (FSD), there has been a tendency to privilege diagnostic and medical over relationship issues.

Aim
To investigate the association between women's experience of intimacy in close relationships—operationalized in terms of attachment and degree of differentiation of self—and FSD.

Methods
Two hundred thirty sexually active Australian women responded to an invitation to complete a set of validated scales to assess potential correlates of sexual functioning.

Main Outcome Measures
The Female Sexuality Function Index, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Differentiation of Self Inventory, as well as a set of study-specific questions were subject to hierarchical multiple regression analyses.

Results
Relational variables of attachment avoidance and to a lesser degree, attachment anxiety were associated with FSD. Participants with lower levels of differentiation of self were more likely to report sexual difficulties. The inability to maintain a sense of self in the presence of intimate others was the strongest predictors of sexual problems. A history of sexual abuse in adulthood and higher levels of psychological distress were also associated with sexual difficulties.

Conclusions
The findings provide support for a relational understanding of female sexual functioning. Attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and degree of differentiation of self are shown to be associated with sexual difficulties. The findings support the need to focus on relational and psychological factors in women's experience of sex.
Mathematical contributions to link biota with environment
Authors: Cerdeira J.O. , Monteiro‐Henriques T. , Martins M.J. , Silva P.C. , Alagador D. , Franco A.M.A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHutchinson's pioneering work on the niche concept, dating from 1957, inspired the development of many ecological models. The first proposals, BIOCLIM and HABITAT, were simple geometric approximations to the shape of the niche. Despite their simplicity, they combine two features that make them adequate for the purpose of exploring the niche: they fit a predefined shape to the empirical data; and produce binary or ordinal predictions rather than continuous predictions. Thus, both explicitly delineate a precise boundary for the niche. However, the two methods present some limitations: BIOCLIM assumes that the variables are independent in their action on the species; and HABITAT, although not having that limitation, only delineates the boundaries of the niches without distinguishing levels of suitability for the species. We propose, discuss and illustrate: (1) the use of depth functions to identify regions with distinct suitability inside the niche; and (2) a general framework to assess overlap of the niches of two species, which can be applied to predictions from models that decompose the niche into a finite number of measurable regions.