bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginal structural models for skewed outcomes: identifying causal relationships in health care utilization
Authors: Héroux Julie , Moodie Erica E.M. , Strumpf Erin , Coyle Natalie , Tousignant Pierre , Diop Mamadou 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEvaluating the impacts of clinical or policy interventions on health care utilization requires addressing methodological challenges for causal inference while also analyzing highly skewed data. We examine the impact of registering with a Family Medicine Group, an integrated primary care model in Quebec, on hospitalization and emergency department visits using propensity scores to adjust for baseline characteristics and marginal structural models to account for time‐varying exposures. We also evaluate the performance of different marginal structural generalized linear models in the presence of highly skewed data and conduct a simulation study to determine the robustness of alternative generalized linear models to distributional model mis‐specification. Although the simulations found that the zero‐inflated Poisson likelihood performed the best overall, the negative binomial likelihood gave the best fit for both outcomes in the real dataset. Our results suggest that registration to a Family Medicine Group for all 3 years caused a small reduction in the number of emergency room visits and no significant change in the number of hospitalizations in the final year. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoiding a Global Carbon Crisis: Learning from the Financial Crisis
Authors: Shrivastava Paul , Busch Timo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe global financial crisis originated in the subprime mortgage market in the United States in 2008 and its effects spread to all of the world's major financial markets. Only governmental programs and subsidies have prevented an outright crash of the world economy. What can the financial crisis teach us about the impending carbon crisis? What is needed to move the global economy toward sustainability, using renewable energy regimes, and low carbon consumption and production? This paper provides a nontechnological response to these questions by highlighting six key sociocultural lessons and suggesting two key recommendations in how to overcome the current carbon lock‐in. Firms should establish proactive climate strategies. Policymakers can facilitate this by developing farsighted governance mechanisms and setting the right incentives and boundary conditions. We conclude that a mix of both is required to prevent the global carbon crisis from becoming a reality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Organic Dicarboxylates with Different Rigidity on the Construction of Cobalt(II) Complexes with a Semi‐rigid Tripyridyl‐bis‐amide Ligand
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Li , Chen Nai‐Li , Liu Guo‐Cheng , Huang Jing‐Jing , Luan Jian , Qu Yun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThree coordination compounds with dimensions from 0D to 2D, namely, [Co(bppdca)2(HL1)2] (1) [Co(bppdca)(L2)(H2O)]·2H2O (2) and [Co(bppdca)(L3)]·3H2O (3) [bppdca = N,N′‐bis(pyridine‐3‐yl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide, H2L1 = 2,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid, H2L2 = 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid, H2L3 = 2‐carboxymethylsulfanyl nicotinic acid] were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is a discrete 0D complex, in which the bppdca ligand and the H2L1 act as the terminal groups to coordinate with the CoII ions. In coordination polymer 2, two bppdca ligands coordinate in anti configuration with two CoII ions to generate a 28‐membered Co2(bppdca)2 loop, which is further extended into 1D ladder‐like double chain by pairs of L2 ligands. In 3, the CoII ions are linked by bppdca ligands to generate 1D wave‐like chain, which is further connected by the L3 to form a 2D network. Finally, the coordination compounds 1–3 are extended into 3D supramolecular frameworks through the hydrogen bonding interactions. The CoII ions and the bppdca ligands in the title coordination compounds exhibit different coordination characters and conformations. The effect of organic dicarboxylates with different rigidity and length on the structures of CoII coordination compounds was investigated. In addition, the fluorescence and electrochemical behaviors of coordination compounds 1–3 were reported.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (1,3‐Diammoniumpropane)3[V4W9O40]·H2O
Authors: Hinz Michael , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe new compound (1,3‐diammoniumpropane)3[V4W9O40]·H2O was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The main structural motif is a vanadium rich Keggin anion. The central tetrahedron is solely occupied by VV, while the remaining metal atom positions are statistically occupied by VVand WVI. Between the anion and the diprotonated amine molecules a pronounced hydrogen bond network is observed. Upon heating the compound decomposes in three steps.
Two Anhydrous Salts of Tetrafluoroterephthalic Acid (H2tF‐­BDC): K2tF‐BDC and Rb2tF‐BDC
Authors: Werker Melanie , Dolfus Benedikt , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo new anhydrous salts of tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (H2tF‐BDC), namely K2tF‐BDC (1) and Rb2tF‐BDC (2), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal structure of 1 (I2/m, Z = 2) was solved and refined from X‐ray single crystal data. K+ (CN = 8) is coordinated by six oxygen atoms of five different tF‐BDC2– linkers and two fluorine atoms of two of these linkers, which connect the KO6F2 polyhedra to a 3D network. The crystal structure of 2 (P$\bar{1}$, Z = 1) was refined from X‐ray powder diffraction data. It crystallizes in a structure type already known from Tl2tF‐BDC. Rb+ (CN = 8) is also coordinated by six oxygen and two fluorine atoms. But six tF‐BDC2– linkers are involved in the coordination. Again, a 3D network is formed. Both compounds can be obtained as single‐phase samples. They are not porous and stable in air. The thermal stability was investigated by DTA/TG measurements. The decomposition starts at approx. 200 °C (1) and 230 °C (2). Their good solubility in water makes them interesting starting materials for the synthesis of new MOFs with the perfluorinated linker tF‐BDC2–.
Characterization of the sugar alcohol-producing yeast Pichia anomala
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Lin Yuping , He Peng , Li Lin , Wang Qinhong , Ma Yanhe 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Sugar alcohols have been widely applied in the field of food and medicine for their unique properties. Compared to chemical production, microbial production of sugar alcohol has become attractive for its environmental and sustainable pattern. In this study, a potential yeast isolated from soil of Beijing suburbs was identified as Pichia anomala TIB-x229, and its key enzyme of d-arabitol dehydrogenase for microbial production of sugar alcohols was functionally characterized. This yeast could simultaneously produce d-arabitol, xylitol, and/or ribitol from a different ratio of sugar substrates at a high efficiency by bioconversion, and no glucose repression happened when mixed sugars of xylose and glucose were used as the substrates during the bioconversion. This yeast could also efficiently convert complicated feedstock such as xylose mother liquor to d-arabitol, xylitol, and ribitol with 55 % yields. To elucidate the conversion relationship of the sugar alcohols, especially d-arabitol and xylitol, the key d-arabitol dehydrogenase gene from P. anomala was cloned, expressed and purified for further in vitro characterization. The results showed that this d-arabitol dehydrogenase could catalyze arabitol to xylulose further, which is significant for xylitol production from glucose. Our study laid the foundation for improving the production of sugar alcohols by metabolic and fermentation engineering strategies.
Plant-derived compounds as natural antimicrobials to control paper mill biofilms
Authors: Neyret Christophe , Herry Jean-Marie , Meylheuc Thierry , Dubois-Brissonnet Florence 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Biofilms can cause severe problems in industrial paper mills, particularly of economic and technological types (clogging of filters, sheet breaks or holes in the paper, machine breakdowns, etc.). We present here some promising results on the use of essential oil compounds to control these biofilms. Biofilms were grown on stainless-steel coupons with a microbial white water consortium sampled from an industrial paper mill. Five essential oil compounds were screened initially in the laboratory in terms of their antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and biofilms. The three most active compounds were selected and then tested in different combinations. The combination finally selected was tested at the pilot scale to confirm its efficiency under realistic conditions. All the compounds tested were as active against biofilms as they were against planktonic cells. The most active compounds were thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol, and the most efficient combination was thymol–carvacrol. At a pilot scale, with six injections a day, 10 mM carvacrol alone prevented biocontamination for at least 10 days, and a 1 mM thymol–carvacrol combination enabled a 67 % reduction in biofilm dry matter after 11 days. The use of green antimicrobials could constitute a very promising alternative or supplement to the treatments currently applied to limit biofilm formation in the environment of paper mill machines.
Polychlorinated biphenyls impair dibutyryl cAMP‐induced astrocytic differentiation in rat C6 glial cell line
Authors: Adornetto Annagrazia , Pagliara Valentina , Renzo Gianfranco Di , Arcone Rosaria 
Published: October 2013

In the central nervous system, alteration of glial cell differentiation can affect brain functions. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental chemical contaminants that exert neurotoxic effects in glial and neuronal cells. We examined the effects of a commercial mixture of PCBs, Aroclor1254 (A1254) on astrocytic differentiation of glial cells, using the rat C6 cell line asin vitromodel. The exposure for 24 h to sub‐toxic concentrations of A1254 (3 or 9 μM) impaired dibutyryl cAMP‐induced astrocytic differentiation as showed by the decrease of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein levels and inhibition in change of cell morphology toward an astrocytic phenotype. The A1254 inhibition was restored by the addition of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide (bis), therefore indicating that PCBs disturbed the cAMP‐induced astrocytic differentiation of C6 cells via the PKC pathway. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is essential for cAMP‐induced transcription of GFAP promoter in C6 cells. Our results indicated that the exposure to A1254 (3 or 9 μM) for 24 h suppressed cAMP‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, A1254 reduced cAMP‐dependent phosphorylation of STAT3 requires inhibition of PKC activity. Together, our results suggest that PCBs induce perturbation in cAMP/PKA and PKC signaling pathway during astrocytic differentiation of glial cells.
TRUSTWORTHINESS AND TRUTH: THE EPISTEMIC PITFALLS OF INTERNET ACCOUNTABILITY
Authors: Frost-Arnold Karen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSince anonymous agents can spread misinformation with impunity, many people advocate for greater accountability for internet speech. This paper provides a veritistic argument that accountability mechanisms can cause significant epistemic problems for internet encyclopedias and social media communities. I show that accountability mechanisms can undermine both the dissemination of true beliefs and the detection of error. Drawing on social psychology and behavioral economics, I suggest alternative mechanisms for increasing the trustworthiness of internet communication.
Sheet-like and plume-like thermal flow in a spherical convection experiment performed under microgravity
Authors: Futterer B. , Krebs A. , Plesa A.-C. , Zaussinger F. , Hollerbach R. , Breuer D. , Egbers C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe introduce, in spherical geometry, experiments on electro-hydrodynamic driven Rayleigh–Bénard convection that have been performed for both temperature-independent (‘GeoFlow I’) and temperature-dependent fluid viscosity properties (‘GeoFlow II’) with a measured viscosity contrast up to 1.5. To set up a self-gravitating force field, we use a high-voltage potential between the inner and outer boundaries and a dielectric insulating liquid; the experiments were performed under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station. We further run numerical simulations in three-dimensional spherical geometry to reproduce the results obtained in the ‘GeoFlow’ experiments. We use Wollaston prism shearing interferometry for flow visualization – an optical method producing fringe pattern images. The flow patterns differ between our two experiments. In ‘GeoFlow I’, we see a sheet-like thermal flow. In this case convection patterns have been successfully reproduced by three-dimensional numerical simulations using two different and independently developed codes. In contrast, in ‘GeoFlow II’, we obtain plume-like structures. Interestingly, numerical simulations do not yield this type of solution for the low viscosity contrast realized in the experiment. However, using a viscosity contrast of two orders of magnitude or higher, we can reproduce the patterns obtained in the ‘GeoFlow II’ experiment, from which we conclude that nonlinear effects shift the effective viscosity ratio.
Phase trapping and slipping in a forced hydrodynamically self-excited jet
Authors: Li Larry K. B. , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn a recent study on a coupled laser system, Thévenin et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, 2011, 104101) reported the first experimental evidence of phase trapping, a partially synchronous state characterized by frequency locking without phase locking. To determine whether this state can arise in a hydrodynamic system, we reanalyse the data from our recent experiment on a periodically forced self-excited low-density jet (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 726, 2013, pp. 624–655). We find that this jet exhibits the full range of phase dynamics predicted by model oscillators with weak nonlinearity. These dynamics include (i) phase trapping between phase drifting and phase locking when the jet is forced far from its natural frequency and (ii) phase slipping during phase drifting when it is forced close to its natural frequency. This raises the possibility that similar phase dynamics can be found in other similarly self-excited flows. It also strengthens the validity of using low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems based on a universal amplitude equation to model such flows, many of which are of industrial importance.
Generation of an acoustic-gravity wave by two gravity waves, and their subsequent mutual interaction
Authors: Kadri Usama , Stiassnie Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe nonlinear triad interaction of two opposing gravity waves with almost identical frequencies and one much longer acoustic-gravity wave is studied for non-resonance, as well as for exact resonance conditions. For non-resonance conditions the previously known results for a ‘bound’ acoustic-gravity wave are recovered. For resonance, or near-resonance conditions, where all three waves are ‘free waves’, the interaction is recurrent and the amplitude of the free acoustic-gravity wave turns out to be much larger than that known for the bound wave. The results for the recurrent evolution are given analytically, in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions and elliptic integrals.
The conquest of vitalism or the eclipse of organicism? The 1930s Cambridge organizer project and the social network of mid-twentieth-century biology
Authors: PETERSON ERIK 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the 1930s, two concepts excited the European biological community: the organizer phenomenon and organicism. This essay examines the history of and connection between these two phenomena in order to address the conventional ‘rise-and-fall’ narrative that historians have assigned to each. Scholars promoted the ‘rise-and-fall’ narrative in connection with a broader account of the devitalizing of biology through the twentieth century. I argue that while limited evidence exists for the ‘fall of the organizer concept’ by the 1950s, the organicism that often motivated the organizer work had no concomitant fall – even during the mid-century heyday of molecular biology. My argument is based on an examination of shifting social networks of life scientists from the 1920s to the 1970s, many of whom attended or corresponded with members of the Cambridge Theoretical Biology Club (1932–1938). I conclude that the status and cohesion of these social networks at the micro scale was at least as important as macro-scale conceptual factors in determining the relative persuasiveness of organicist philosophy.
Difficult Histories: Changing presentations of the Liao in regional museums in the People's Republic of China over three decades
Authors: STANDEN NAOMI , BENNETT GWEN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMuseums have long been thought to be vital contributors to nation building and the creation of identity narratives, yet the stories they tell must be negotiated within the constraints set by differing levels of interpretive freedom. This paper examines how museum exhibitions changed between 1982 and 2009 at the museums serving the five capital sites of the non-Chinese Kitan-Liao dynasty (907–1125). While some of these places, such as Beijing, have now become unquestionably central to the national narrative, others are deep in rural areas and are peripheral even to provincial concerns. Exhibitions at these five museums vary considerably in the degree to which they either consider the Kitan and the Liao dynasty in their own right or attempt to place them within a national narrative. The wide range of approaches reflects the differing present-day concerns of the museums’ host locations, as well as the new multivocality that is developing in—among other places—China's regional cultural institutions.
Orally positioning persons with dementia in assessment meetings
Authors: ÖSTERHOLM JOHANNES H. , SAMUELSSON CHRISTINA 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper we study if and how persons with dementia are orally positioned by others, and how they position themselves while participating in assessment meetings held in order to discuss access to supportive services. We analysed five assessment meetings where two older persons (one diagnosed with dementia and one without a dementia diagnosis) participated to investigate whether the person with dementia is positioned differently than the other old person. Interactional phenomena used to position the person with dementia were identified by interactional analysis. We identified six phenomena that positioned the person with dementia as an individual with less interactional competence than the other participants: ignoring the person with dementia; voicing the feelings, capacity or opinion of the person with dementia; posing questions implying lack of competence; others' use of diagnosis; self-(re)positioning; and elderspeak. Persons with dementia are often orally positioned as less competent, indicating that they suffer further from discrimination than other older persons. We suggest that this has an impact on the participation of people with dementia in negotiations regarding their future care. The results indicate that social workers should be made aware that negative positioning exists and how it may affect the ability of people with dementia to contribute to discussions about their everyday life. Social workers should be encouraged to find strategies to reduce negative positioning in interaction.
Cosmopolitanism and the world state
Authors: SCHEUERMAN WILLIAM E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolitical cosmopolitanism comes in many different shapes and sizes. Despite its intellectual diversity, cosmopolitanism typically agrees on one crucial matter: any prospective global democracy is best envisioned not in terms of a hierarchical world state, but instead as a multilayered system of global governance resting on an unprecedented dispersion of decision-making authority. In discarding traditional ideas of world government, cosmopolitans typically succumb to a series of mistakes. First, they presuppose unfairly dismissive accounts of world government. Second, they misleadingly contrast their own multilayered and (allegedly) institutionally novel vision to early modern (for example, Hobbesian) ideas of sovereignty, or to Max Weber's influential definition of the modern state. They thus obscure the fact that the modern state's diverse manifestations can only be partly grasped by ideal-types drawn from either Hobbes or Weber. Consequently, they depend on straw person accounts of the modern state. Third, envisioning their proposals as building on the familiar ideal of institutional checks and balances, they misconstrue the contribution that checks and balances can make to global-level democracy. Their hostility to statist ideas about global democracy notwithstanding, their proposals sometimes mimic core attributes of traditional statehood, and they tend inadvertently to ‘bring the state back in’ to global democracy.
A Description of the Sub-Crag Detritus-Bed
Authors: Bell Alfred 
Published: October 2013

The sub-Crag detritus-bed, sometimes called the nodule bed, or the Suffolk bone bed, was first brought to the notice of geologists by the late Prof. Henslow, who, in 1843, discovered that the Crag contained many nodules rich in lime phosphates, of great agricultural and commercial value—mostly known as “Coprolites,” though not of coprolitic origin, unless the spirally-formed bodies are the coprolitic rejectamenta of sharks or other animals having a spiral intestine.The detrital bed is principally made up of the following constituents:—(1) Phosphatic nodules (the so-called Coprolites). (2) Sandstone nodules or box-stones. (3) Rocks of various ages earlier than the Crag. (4) Large chalk flints, many unrolled. (5) Rolled and waterworn bones, usually much mineralised. (6) Cetacean beaks, and other bones. (7) Bones and teeth of land mammalia. (8) Wood and other items, chiefly of uncertain age.The above groups are of very different periods, and I propose treating each one separately, their origin and mode of occurrence as far as is known, or suggested.
The Stoke Bone-Bed, Ipswich
Authors: Layard Nina F. 
Published: October 2013

Some seventy years ago, when the tunnel was cut through the Stoke Hills at Ipswich, animal remains were found at a short distance from the London end of it, on a level with the line. These were examined by Professor Prestwich, and though the collection was scattered, a certain number of the bones and teeth of mammals found their way to the Ipswich Museum, where they may still be seen.In 1908 it struck me that it might be possible to open up some of the sections which were then exposed, and to locate the deposits from which the remains had been taken. This was successfully done, but for fear of the bank above slipping, permission could only be obtained to open a very small portion of the side of the cutting. The researches, however, proved that a varied assortment of animals of the Pleistocene period had either perished on the spot or had been brought down by flood to this position.