bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics Simulation of a Vertical Roller Mill in Matlab®/Simulink®
Authors: Eitz Peter , Zinke Thomas , Lieberwirth Holger 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of innovative products increasingly requires interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical/electronic engineering, and software. The growing complexity of products, driven by increased automation, poses significant challenges. Many equipment manufacturers optimise their development processes using software tools. By leveraging simulations and virtual models, product development time can be reduced. Additionally, the number of costly test bench experiments can be significantly minimised. Furthermore, numerical simulation is gaining importance in the field of predictive maintenance.To fully harness the potential of simulation, it is crucial to accumulate experience across various products and processes and validate them using real-world physical test benches. In this contribution, a vertical roller mill (VRM) is modelled across domains. Subsequently, selected simulation analyses are conducted and validated against measurement data from the physical demonstrator and analytical or empirical calculation models. Additionally, the suitability of the virtual prototype for model-based virtual commissioning is examined. The multi-physical model was developed using Matlab®/Simulink®, including the toolbox Simscape and Stateflow.
Erarbeitung eines Leitungsmodells zur Berechnung der Leitungsparameter unter Berücksichtigung der endlichen Leitungslänge und Mastausbreitungswiderstände an den Erdungspunkten
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Liebermann Carlo , Schegner Peter 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungBei Freileitungen wird der Einfluss von Erdseilen häufig unter der Annahme einer ideal leitenden Verbindung zur Modellerde im Leitungsmodell berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus werden zur Berechnung der induktiven Verkopplung konventionell unendlich lange Leiter Erde-Schleifen betrachtet. Der Ansatz geht dabei von einem in Leitungsrichtung homogenen Feldbild aus. Abweichungen von diesem Ansatz treten zum Beispiel am Leitungsanfang und -ende sowie in der Nähe von Verdrillungsmasten auf, da in diesen Bereichen kein homogenes Feld zu erwarten ist. Ebenfalls können Erdseile und Lichtwellenleiter-Erdseile nicht als uns endlich lang angenommen werden, da durch die spannfeldweise Erdung Ausgleichsströme in jedem Spannfeld auftreten, sodass auch hier der Ansatz eines homogenen Feldbildes nicht erfüllt ist. Mit dem Hertz’schen Dipolansatz wird ein komplexer Integralausdruck zur Berechnung der Impedanz von Leitern beliebiger Länge erarbeitet. Dieser lässt sich bei endlicher Leiterlänge nicht in einer geschlossenen Form darstellen, weshalb numerische Methoden zum Einsatz kommen. Um den numerischen Rechenaufwand zu reduzieren, wird der Integralausdruck mithilfe der Image-Theorie approximiert, was die Berechnung für praxisnahe Anordnungen ermöglicht. Mit den Ergebnissen wird ein Leitungsmodell aufgebaut und in MATLAB implementiert, welches es möglich macht, die Leitungsparameter und speziell die Nullimpedanz unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Einflussparameter zu berechnen. Das Modell wurde sowohl mit einer fiktiven als auch mit einer realen Leitung validiert. Anhand des entwickelten Modells werden Parameterstudien durchgeführt, um signifikante Einflussfaktoren auf die Nullimpedanz zu identifizieren.
A learning-based nearly optimal control framework for trajectory tracking of a flexible-link manipulator system with actuator fault
Authors: Raoufi Mona , Habibi Hamed , Yazdani Amirmehdi , Wang Hai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a learning-based nearly optimal control framework with fault-tolerant capability is designed to tackle the tracking control problem of a flexible-link manipulator in the presence of actuator fault and model uncertainties. Initially, the optimal control law is obtained by adopting the dynamic programming and a critic structure as the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for the nominal model. Then, by implementing an integral sliding mode control, the robustness against actuator fault and model uncertainty is guaranteed. The adaptive laws are constructed based on radial basis functions neural networks to estimate the upper bound of uncertainty and the actuator bias fault, satisfying both optimal performance and chattering reduction of the sliding surface. Furthermore, the actuator effectiveness loss is handled. The stability of the closed-loop system is analytically proven, and the performance of the proposed framework is investigated against several practical operating conditions. This incorporates the fidelity assessment of tracking precision and trackability of control signal using performance indices such as the integral absolute error and root-mean-square error. The results of extensive simulation studies confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control framework.
Zur Situation und Verbesserung von Partizipation junger Menschen in der Stadtplanung
Authors: Hennig Sabine , Vogler Robert , Waltl Daniela , Schötz Tim 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Partizipation Jugendlicher in Planungsprozessen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Beteiligung junger Menschen bietet jedoch nicht nur Vorteile. Vielmehr stehen partizipative Initiativen auch vor Herausforderungen. Neben einer zu geringen Anzahl von Mitwirkenden bezieht sich dies auch auf die Qualität und Quantität der Beiträge. Allerdings gilt die Teilhabe junger Menschen per se als schwierig und bleibt oft hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Welche Vorteile und Herausforderungen charakterisieren partizipative Projekte mit der Beteiligung von Jugendlichen? Wie kann Partizipation junger Menschen optimal(er) gestaltet werden? Eine Online-Befragung von StadtplanungsakteurInnen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, die im Rahmen des Projekts u3Green durchgeführt wurde, adressiert diese Fragen. Die Antworten der über 80 Teilnehmenden zeigen, dass junge Menschen durchaus in stadtplanerische Belange eingebunden werden. Primär handelt es sich dabei um Projekte zur Gestaltung von Spiel- und Sportplätzen sowie vielseitig nutzbaren Freiräumen. Als wesentliche Vorteile der Teilhabe junger Menschen sehen die Befragten den Erhalt neuer Ideen und die Möglichkeit eines Perspektivenwechsels; als Herausforderungen jedoch z. B. den hohen Aufwand und notwendige pädagogische Fähigkeiten sowie Geduld und Durchhaltevermögen seitens der Projektdurchführenden. Die Befragungsergebnisse ermöglichen abschließend Empfehlungen zur besseren Umsetzung von Partizipation von Jugendlichen in entsprechenden Projekten.
Framing water–energy–food–ecosystem (WEFE) nexus interactions in the Tana-Beles Sub-basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Wuletawu , Getaneh Yonas , Balcha Yodit , Assefa Tewodros , Mulatu Chalachew A. , Ebrahim Girma Yimer , Tesfaye Megersa , Dawit Meseret , Abebe Wubneh Belete , Taye Meron Teferi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) provide vital resources that are essential to human existence. Exploring synergies and trade-offs in these systems has been of interest in recent years to increase economic gain while sustaining the environment. The Tana-Beles Sub-basin of Ethiopia is challenged by population density, climate change, and ecosystem degradation that requires a WEFE Nexus thinking. To understand the current WEFE nexus interactions in the basin, a systematic review of 102 scientific research articles published from 1991 to 2021 was undertaken. Additionally, the systematic review is complemented by spatial data analysis to identify synergies and trade-offs among the WEFE nexus indicators. The analysis revealed the dominance of food–water–ecosystem interdependencies in WEFE nexus research for the Tana-Beles Sub-basin. This dominance is driven by extensive food production activities, which lead to substantial water abstraction and hydrological alterations to meet the intensive water demands of crop cultivation. Simultaneously, the energy-ecosystem interactions are critical due to excessive biomass utilization that exceeds the biomass production potential of the area. Furthermore, the available vegetation cover of the area is very limited to supplement the growing fuel wood demands, which is exerting extreme land degradation and threatening the ecosystem in the sub-basin. This study identifies gaps in WEFE understanding, highlights specific challenges and opportunities within the basin, and calls for coordinated stakeholder action for sustainable resource management through a Nexus approach.
Intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy accurately predicts final electrode position in deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Neto-Fernandes Patrícia , Chamadoira Clara , Silva Carolina , Pereira Leila , Vaz Rui , Rito Manuel , Ferreira-Pinto Manuel J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In the absence of an intraoperative CT or MRI setup, post-implantation confirmation of electrode position in deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires patient transportation to the radiology unit, prolonging surgery time. This project aims to validate intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy (3DF), a widely available tool in Neurosurgical units, as a method to determine final electrode position.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study including 64 patients (124 electrodes) who underwent DBS at our institution. Intraoperative 3DF after electrode implantation and postoperative volumetric CT were acquired. The Euclidean coordinates of the electrode tip displayed in both imaging modalities were determined and inter-method deviations were assessed. Pneumocephalus was quantified and its potential impact in determining the electrode position analyzed. Finally, 3DF and CT-imposed exposure to radiation was compared.

Results
The difference between the electrode tip estimated by 3DF and CT was 0.85 ± 0.03 mm, and not significantly different (p = 0.11 for the distance to MCP assessed by both methods), but was, instead, highly correlated (p = 0.91; p < 0.0001). Even though pneumocephalus was larger in 3DF (6.89 ± 1.76 vs 5.18 ± 1.37 mm3 in the CT group, p < 0.001), it was not correlated with the difference in electrode position measured by both techniques (p = 0.17; p = 0.06). Radiation exposure from 3DF is significantly lower than CT (0.36 ± 0.03 vs 2.08 ± 0.05 mSv; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Intraoperative 3DF is comparable to CT in determining the final DBS electrode position. Being a method with fewer radiation exposure, less expensive, faster and that avoids patient transportation outside the operation room, it is a valid tool to replace postoperative CT.
Motion of general nonholonomic systems from the d’Alembert principle via an algebraic method
Authors: Talamucci Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present an alternative way to deduce the equations of motion of general (i. e. also nonlinear) nonholonomic constrained systems starting from the d’Alembert principle and proceeding by an algebraic procedure. The two classical approaches in nonholonomic mechanics – $${\check{\textrm{C}}}$$

C
ˇ

etaev method and vakonomic method – are treated on equal terms, avoiding integrations or other steps outside algebraic operations. In the second part of the work, we compare our results with the standard forms of the equations of motion associated with the two method and we discuss the role of the transpositional relation and of the commutation rule within the question of equivalence and compatibility of the $${\check{\textrm{C}}}$$

C
ˇ

etaev and vakonomic methods for general nonholonomic systems.
A reproducing kernel Hilbert space approach to singular local stochastic volatility McKean–Vlasov models
Authors: Bayer Christian , Belomestny Denis , Butkovsky Oleg , Schoenmakers John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivated by the challenges related to the calibration of financial models, we consider the problem of numerically solving a singular McKean–Vlasov equation $$ d X_{t}= \sigma (t,X_{t}) X_{t} \frac{\sqrt{v}_{t}}{\sqrt{\mathbb{E}[v_{t}|X_{t}]}}dW_{t}, $$
d

X
t

=
σ
(
t
,

X
t

)

X
t

v

t

E
[

v
t

|

X
t

]

d

W
t

,
where $W$
W
is a Brownian motion and $v$
v
is an adapted diffusion process. This equation can be considered as a singular local stochastic volatility model. While such models are quite popular among practitioners, its well-posedness has unfortunately not yet been fully understood and in general is possibly not guaranteed at all. We develop a novel regularisation approach based on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) technique and show that the regularised model is well posed. Furthermore, we prove propagation of chaos. We demonstrate numerically that a thus regularised model is able to perfectly replicate option prices coming from typical local volatility models. Our results are also applicable to more general McKean–Vlasov equations.
Identifying studies examining the validity of instruments for use as outcome measures in child and adolescent forensic mental health services: a systematic review
Authors: Walker Graham , Wilson Naomi , Allely Clare S. , Thomson Allan , Smith Helen , Lang Jason 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Outcome measurement in child and adolescent forensic mental health services can support service improvement, research, and patient progress evaluation. This systematic review aimed to identify studies which validate structured instruments available for use as outcome measures in the child and adolescent forensic mental health service cohort and assess the quality of these studies.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were identified by searching six online databases in November 2023. The quality and risk of bias of each study meeting inclusion criteria was independently assessed by two authors using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results were synthesised narratively.

Results
A total of eight studies were identified which met inclusion criteria. These looked at six instruments which primarily focused on outcome measures in the areas of treatment motivation, level of functioning, psychiatric symptoms, care needs and response to social situations. Papers scored between 17/40 and 30/40 on the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Studies were rated as low (n = 1), moderate (n = 6), high (n = 1) or very high quality (n = 0).

Conclusions
Despite the large number of structured instruments potentially available, evidence for their use as outcome measures in child and adolescent forensic mental health services is limited. Future research should aim to validate current structured instruments for use in the forensic child and adolescent setting, with consideration of whether new instruments should be developed specifically for this group. Such instruments should be developed with both young people as service users and professionals who will be utilising the instrument in mind.
Psychometric evaluation of the german version of the parent-adolescent communication scale
Authors: Zapf Holger , Boettcher Johannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe quality of dyadic Parent–Child Communication (PCC) between parents and their adolescent children may be important for the adolescent’s general development and mental health during adolescence. Since German instruments for measuring PCC are still lacking, this study aimed to validate the German translation of the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS), an internationally established self-report questionnaire. To examine the theoretical-based two-factor model of the PACS in a German population sample of 1044 parent-adolescent dyads, confirmatory factor analyses were used. Moreover, the cross-group measurement invariance of the instrument was assessed. Two clinical samples were used to assess discriminative validity. Bland–Altman plots were used to asses parent-adolescent agreement. The two-factor structure of the PACS was supported. Scalar measurement invariance was established for parent age groups and adolescent gender but not for adolescent age groups and parent gender. Convergent and divergent validity were established. Discriminative validity was only established for the adolescent version in the adolescent psychiatry sample. Test–retest reliability was satisfactory, and rater agreement was medium. The German translation of the PACS is a reliable and valid measurement to assess parent-adolescent communication quality per self-report. Research directions include the concordance discrepancy in clinical samples and further investigation of changes in parents’ and adolescents’ perspectives on communication problems and open communication. Registration: NCT05332236 (clinicaltrials.gov), first registered 2022-04-11.
Associations of polygenic risk scores differentiating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder with cognitive and cortical alterations in Schizophrenia patients
Authors: Kuramitsu Ayumi , Ohi Kazutaka , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that shares genetic factors with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) differentiating ADHD from ASD was performed recently. In this study, we investigated whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) differentiating ASD from ADHD are associated with cognitive impairments and alterations in cortical structures in SCZ patients. Based on the GWAS data (9,315 ASD and 11,964 ADHD patients), PRSs differentiating ADHD from ASD (indicating a greater risk of ADHD and a lower risk of ASD) were calculated for SCZ patients (n = 168). Cognitive performance, including verbal comprehension (VC), perceptual organization (PO), working memory (WM), and processing speed (PS), was assessed using the WAIS-III (n = 145). The surface areas and cortical thicknesses of 34 bilateral brain regions were extracted using FreeSurfer (n = 126). We examined the associations of these PRSs with cognitive performance and cortical structures in SCZ patients. Among the four cognitive domains, a higher PRS, indicating a greater risk of ADHD, was associated with impaired WM in SCZ patients (beta=-0.21, p = 0.012). A lower PRS, indicating a greater risk of ASD, was associated with decreased surface areas of the left medial orbitofrontal (beta = 0.21, p = 8.29 × 10− 4), left entorhinal (beta = 0.21, p = 0.025), left postcentral (beta = 0.18, p = 7.52 × 10− 3), right fusiform (beta = 0.17, p = 6.64 × 10− 3), and left fusiform cortices (beta = 0.17, p = 7.77 × 10− 3) in SCZ patients. A higher PRS, indicating a greater risk of ADHD, was associated with decreased cortical thickness in the bilateral transverse temporal regions (left, beta=-0.17, p = 0.039; right, beta=-0.17, p = 0.045). Our study revealed a relationship between genetic factors that differentiate ADHD patients from ASD patients and both cortical structure and cognitive performance in SCZ patients. These findings suggest that the heterogeneity of SCZ might be partly derived from genetic factors related to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders other than SCZ.
Is surgeon annual case volume related with intra and postoperative complications after ventral hernia repair? Uni- and multivariate analysis of prospective registry-based data
Authors: van den Berg R. , den Hartog F. P. J. , Menon A. G. , Tanis P. J. , Gillion J. F. ,   The Hernia Club members
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Literature on a potential relationship between surgeon case volume and intra- or postoperative complications after ventral hernia repair remains scarce.

Methods
Patients who underwent ventral hernia repair between 2011 and 2023 were selected from the prospectively maintained French Hernia-Club Registry. Outcome variables were: intraoperative events, postoperative general complications, surgical site occurrences, surgical site infections, length of intensive care unit (ICU), and patient-reported scar bulging during follow-up. Surgeons’ annual case volume was categorized as 1–5, 6–50, 51–100, 101–125, and > 125 cases, and its association with outcome volume was evaluated using uni- and multivariable analyses.

Results
Over the study period, 199 titular or temporary members registered 15,332 ventral hernia repairs, including 7869 primary, 6173 incisional, and 212 parastomal hernia repairs. In univariate analysis, surgeons’ annual case volume was significantly related with all the postoperative studied outcomes. After multivariate regression analysis, annual case volume remained significantly associated with intra-operative complications, postoperative general complications and length of ICU stay. A primary repair was independently associated with fewer intra- and post-operative complications.

Conclusion
In the present multivariable analysis of a large registry on ventral hernia repairs, higher surgeon annual case volume was significantly related with fewer postoperative general complications and a shorter length of stay, but not with fewer surgical site occurrences, nor with less patient-reported scar bulging. Factors in the surgeons’ case mix such as the type of hernia have significant impact on complication rates.
The foremost and greatest barrier to end-stage heart failure treatment: the impact of caregiver shortage
Authors: Saito Shunsuke , Yoshioka Daisuke , Kawamura Takuji , Kawamura Ai , Misumi Yusuke , Akazawa Yasuhiro , Sera Fusako , Kubota Kaori , Yamauchi Takashi , Sakata Yasushi , Miyagawa Shigeru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examined the number of patients abandoning cardiac replacement therapy due to the inability to secure a designated caregiver. At Osaka University Hospital Heart Center, when we receive a consultation for a patient with severe heart failure from another hospital, a heart failure team makes a visit to the referring hospital as soon as possible. We retrospectively analyzed this hospital-visit database. We received 199 severe heart failure consultations from 2016–2023. Issues identified during hospital visits included age ≥ 65 years (8%), inability to confirm the patient’s intention (8.5%), and explicit refusal of therapy (2.5%). Medical problems included multiple organ failure (18.1%), obesity (13.1%), diabetes (9.5%), malignancy (5.5%), chronic dialysis (1.0%), and other systemic diseases (12.6%). Adherence problems included poor medication compliance (3.5%), history of heavy drinking (2.5%), and smoking (2.0%). Social problems included inadequate family support in 16.1% of patients. Of the 199 patients, 95 (48.0%) proceeded to a heart transplant and LVAD indication review meeting at Osaka University Hospital. The remaining 104 patients (52.0%) did not proceed to the meeting. Reasons included improvement of heart failure with conservative treatment in 37 cases (35.6%), death before discussion in 21 cases (20.2%), medical contraindications in 18 cases (18.3%), lack of caregivers in 18 cases (18.3%; 9.5% of 199 cases), and patient refusal in 5 cases (4.8%). Approximately 10% of patients consulted at Osaka University Hospital Heart Center for severe heart failure abandoned cardiac replacement therapy due to the lack of caregivers.
On Specimen Theoriae Novae de Mensura Sortis of Daniel Bernoulli
Authors: Modesti Paola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis piece in the Milestones series is dedicated to the paper “Specimen Theoriae Novae de Mensura Sortis ” by Daniel Bernoulli, published in 1738 on the Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum ImperialisPetropolitanae.