bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Botulinum-A Toxin Injection into Bulbospongiosus Muscle on Ejaculation Latency in Male Rats
Authors: Serefoglu Ege C. , Hawley Wayne R. , Lasker George F. , Grissom Elin M. , Mandava Sree H. , Sikka Suresh C. , Dohanich Gary P. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction. A variety of pharmacotherapeutic strategies have been employed to treat men suffering with lifelong PE. However, there are currently no pharmaceuticals approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically designed for PE treatment.

Aim
Given that the bulbospongiosus muscle is involved in the ejaculatory reflex in both humans and rodents and that local administration of botulinum-A can abolish muscle contractions, the current study examined the effect of injection of botulinum-A toxin into the bulbospongiosus muscle on the ejaculatory latency of male rats.

Methods
After screening for normal sexual activity with sexually receptive female rats, 33 sexually experienced male Long-Evans rats (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA) underwent an additional four pretreatment sexual exposures over the course of the following week, during which all components of sexual behavior were video recorded by trained observers. On the day after their fourth experience, rats were anesthetized and received a single injection of either 0.5 unit (n = 11) or 1 unit (n = 11) of botulinum-A toxin or saline vehicle (n = 11). Botulinum-A toxin was dissolved in 0.1 mL of saline vehicle and injected bilaterally into the bulbospongiosus muscle by the percutaneous route. Beginning 2 days after treatment, sexual behaviors were reexamined over the course of the following week on four separate occasions.

Main Outcome Measures
The latency to achieve ejaculation, and the frequencies and latencies of mounts and intromissions were video recorded by trained observers in a blinded fashion.

Results
Relative to pretreatment measurements, bilateral injection of saline vehicle into the bulbospongiosus muscle did not affect ejaculation latencies. However, rats treated with either 0.5 or 1 unit of botulinum-A toxin exhibited significantly longer latencies to achieve ejaculation relative to pretreatment performance. Of note, botulinum-A toxin did not affect the ability to achieve mounts, intromissions, or ejaculation.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that botulinum-A toxin injection into the bulbospongiosus muscle is a safe and effective treatment that extends ejaculatory latency in rats without affecting the ability to engage in sexual activity or achieve ejaculation. Further studies are required to evaluate this therapeutic concept in PE patients.
3‐D laser images of splash‐form tektites and their use in aerodynamic numerical simulations of tektite formation
Authors: Samson C. , Butler S. , Fry C. , McCausland P. J. A. , Herd R. K. , Sharomi O. , Spiteri R. J. , Ralchenko M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTen splash‐form tektites from the Australasian strewn field, with masses ranging from 21.20 to 175.00 g and exhibiting a variety of shapes (teardrop, ellipsoid, dumbbell, disk), have been imaged using a high‐resolution laser digitizer. Despite challenges due to the samples’ rounded shapes and pitted surfaces, the images were combined to create 3‐D tektite models, which captured surface features with a high fidelity (≈30 voxel mm−2) and from which volume could be measured noninvasively. The laser‐derived density for the tektites averaged 2.41 ± 0.11 g cm−3. Corresponding densities obtained via the Archimedean bead method averaged 2.36 ± 0.05 g cm−3. In addition to their curational value, the 3‐D models can be used to calculate the tektites’ moments of inertia and rotation periods while in flight, as a probe of their formation environment. Typical tektite rotation periods are estimated to be on the order of 1 s. Numerical simulations of air flow around the models at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 106 suggest that the relative velocity of the tektites with respect to the air must have been <10 m s−1 during viscous deformation. This low relative velocity is consistent with tektite material being carried along by expanding gases in the early time following the impact.
Correlated accretion ages and ε54Cr of meteorite parent bodies and the evolution of the solar nebula
Authors: Sugiura Naoji , Fujiya Wataru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe look at the relationship between the value of ε54Cr in bulk meteorites and the time (after calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion, CAI) when their parent bodies accreted. To obtain accretion ages of chondrite parent bodies, we estimated the maximum temperature reached in the insulated interior of each parent body, and estimated the initial 26Al/27Al for this temperature to be achieved. This initial 26Al/27Al corresponds to the time (after CAI formation) when cold accretion of the parent body would have occurred, assuming 26Al/27Al throughout the solar system began with the canonical value of 5.2 × 10−5. In cases of iron meteorite parent bodies, achondrite parent bodies, and carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies, we use published isotopic ages of events (such as core formation, magma crystallization, and growth of secondary minerals) in each body's history to obtain the probable time of accretion. We find that ε54Cr correlates with accretion age: the oldest accretion ages (1 ± 0.5 Ma) are for iron and certain other differentiated meteorites with ε54Cr of −0.75 ± 0.5, and the youngest ages (3.5 ± 0.5 Ma) are for hydrated carbonaceous chondrites with ε54Cr values of 1.5 ± 0.5. Despite some outliers (notably Northwest Africa [NWA] 011 and Tafassasset), we feel that the correlation is significant and we suggest that it resulted from late, localized injection of dust with extremely high ε54Cr.
The Bow City structure, southern Alberta, Canada: The deep roots of a complex impact structure?
Authors: Glombick Paul , Schmitt Douglas R. , Xie Wei , Bown Todd , Hathway Ben , Banks Christopher 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGeological and geophysical evidence is presented for a newly discovered, probable remnant complex impact structure. The structure, located near Bow City, southern Alberta, has no obvious morphological expression at surface. The geometry of the structure in the shallow subsurface, mapped using downhole geophysical well logs, is a semicircular structural depression approximately 8 km in diameter with a semicircular uplifted central region. Detailed subsurface mapping revealed evidence of localized duplication of stratigraphic section in the central uplift area and omission of strata within the surrounding annular region. Field mapping of outcrop confirmed an inlier of older rocks present within the center of the structure. Evidence of deformation along the eastern margin of the central uplift includes thrust faulting, folding, and steeply dipping bedding. Normal faults were mapped along the northern margin of the annular region. Isopach maps reveal that structural thickening and thinning were accommodated primarily within the Belly River Group. Evidence from legacy 2‐D seismic data is consistent with the subsurface mapping and reveals additional insight into the geometry of the structure, including a series of listric normal faults in the annular region and complex faulting within the central uplift. The absence of any ejecta blanket, breccia, suevite, or melt sheet (based on available data) is consistent with the Bow City structure being the remnant of a deeply eroded, complex impact structure. Accordingly, the Bow City structure may provide rare access and insight into zones of deformation remaining beneath an excavated transient crater in stratified siliciclastic target rocks.
Cortical atrophy, reduced integrity of white matter and cognitive impairment in subcortical vascular dementia of Binswanger type
Authors: Jung Won‐Beom , Mun Chi‐Woong , Kim Young‐Hoon , Park Je Min , Lee Byung Dae , Lee Young Min , Moon Eunsoo , Jeong Hee Jeong , Chung Young In 
Published: April 2014

AimsAn association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive dysfunction has long been recognized. However, subjects with identically appearing WMH on magnetic resonance imaging present with a wide variance in cognitive function ranging from normal cognition to dementia. The aim of this study was to compare cortical atrophy and integrity of white matter of patients with subcortical vascular dementia of Binswanger type (SVaD‐BT) with those of the normal cognition group with WMH (ncWMH).MethodsEleven patients with SVaD‐BT and 11 age‐, sex‐, education‐ and grade of WMH‐matched ncWMH underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including 3‐D volumetric images for cortical atrophy and diffusion tensor imaging for integrity of white matter.ResultsCompared to ncWMH, SVaD‐BT patients showed cortical atrophies in frontal (i.e. frontal pole, precentral gyrus and frontal medial cortex) and occipital areas (i.e. lingual gyrus) followed by atrophies in temporal (i.e. fusiform cortex and middle temporal gyrus) areas. Along with cortical atrophies, reduced integrity with low fractional anisotropy and high mean diffusivity values in genu and splenium of the corpus callosum were detected in SVaD‐BT patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive decline from ncWMH to SVaD‐BT may be associated with cortical atrophy and reduced integrity of white matter.
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism regulates the effect of a dopamine antagonist on the feedback‐related negativity
Authors: Mueller Erik M. , Burgdorf Christin , Chavanon Mira‐Lynn , Schweiger Desiree , Hennig Jürgen , Wacker Jan , Stemmler Gerhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConsistent with dopamine accounts of internal and external feedback processing, prior work showed that the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride modulates the relationship between the dopaminergic COMT Val158Met polymorphism and the error‐related negativity (ERN). Here, we tested in an independent sample whether this Gene × Substance interaction generalizes to the feedback‐related negativity (FRN), which presumably shares underlying dopaminergic mechanisms with the ERN. N = 83 female participants genotyped for COMT Val158Met received 200 mg sulpiride versus placebo and performed a virtual ball‐catching task. The FRN to positive versus negative feedback was modulated by a significant COMT × Substance interaction. Mirroring prior work on the ERN, the tendency of the FRN to be more pronounced for VAL+ versus MET/MET carriers after placebo was reversed by sulpiride. The findings thus provide new evidence for dopaminergic models of feedback processing.
Support and continuity during the first 2 weeks postpartum
Authors: Barimani Mia , Oxelmark Lena , Johansson Sven‐Erik , Hylander Ingrid 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate mothers’ perceived satisfaction with support from antenatal care (AC), postpartum care (PC) and child health care (CHC), respectively, during the first two weeks after childbirth.DesignCross‐sectional survey, mixed‐method design.Ethical issuesThe study was approved by the Regional Research and Ethics Committee at the Karolinska Insititutet, Sweden.MethodsData were collected using a study‐specific questionnaire that focused on mothers’ satisfaction with support from AC, PC and CHC during the first 2 weeks after childbirth. All mothers in Stockholm County (n = 546) who gave birth to a live infant during a 1‐week period in 2009 were invited to participate. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses and a content analysis were performed.ResultsA large discrepancy was found between levels of satisfaction with AC, PC and CHC. Mothers were satisfied with the support from CHC healthcare nurses, but missed follow‐up contact from AC and PC midwives. Nearly 40% of all mothers commented on insufficient support including that continuity in the chain of care was lacking and support for mothers’ physical and emotional health was insufficient. Delivery at <37 weeks of gestation was associated with reduced satisfaction with both AC and CHC, but not with PC. Mothers who made emergency visits during the first two weeks were more likely to be dissatisfied with support from PC.ConclusionAll links in the chain of care are important for the support of mothers during the first 2 weeks after childbirth, but continuity needs to be improved to raise the quality of care for mothers.
Children's Observed Interactions With Best Friends: Associations With Friendship Jealousy and Satisfaction
Authors: Deutz Marike H. F. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study examined the role of friendship jealousy and satisfaction in nine‐year‐old children's observed interactions with their best friends. One hundred five dyads (51 female, 54 male) participated in a 30‐min closed‐field observational setting and reported their jealousy and satisfaction within the friendship. The Actor–Partner Interdependence Model was used to estimate the effects of friendship jealousy and satisfaction on children's own and their friends' behavior. Friends were highly similar in observed behavior and friendship characteristics. Many observed dyadic behaviors were associated with overall levels of jealousy within the friendship, but differences in friendship satisfaction were only predictive of conflict resolution in boys. Children's reports of their friendship jealousy were strongly related to their own behavior in the dyad and the behavior of their best friends. Gender differences were discussed. The results further illustrate the importance of a dyadic perspective on friendship interaction.
Sugarcane genome sequencing by methylation filtration provides tools for genomic research in the genus Saccharum
Authors: Grativol Clícia , Regulski Michael , Bertalan Marcelo , McCombie W. Richard , da Silva Felipe Rodrigues , Zerlotini Neto Adhemar , Vicentini Renato , Farinelli Laurent , Hemerly Adriana Silva , Martienssen Robert A. , Ferreira Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMany economically important crops have large and complex genomes that hamper their sequencing by standard methods such as whole genome shotgun (WGS). Large tracts of methylated repeats occur in plant genomes that are interspersed by hypomethylated gene‐rich regions. Gene‐enrichment strategies based on methylation profiles offer an alternative to sequencing repetitive genomes. Here, we have applied methyl filtration with McrBC endonuclease digestion to enrich for euchromatic regions in the sugarcane genome. To verify the efficiency of methylation filtration and the assembly quality of sequences submitted to gene‐enrichment strategy, we have compared assemblies using methyl‐filtered (MF) and unfiltered (UF) libraries. The use of methy filtration allowed a better assembly by filtering out 35% of the sugarcane genome and by producing 1.5× more scaffolds and 1.7× more assembled Mb in length compared with unfiltered dataset. The coverage of sorghum coding sequences (CDS) by MF scaffolds was at least 36% higher than by the use of UF scaffolds. Using MF technology, we increased by 134× the coverage of gene regions of the monoploid sugarcane genome. The MF reads assembled into scaffolds that covered all genes of the sugarcane bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), 97.2% of sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 92.7% of sugarcane RNA‐seq reads and 98.4% of sorghum protein sequences. Analysis of MF scaffolds from encoded enzymes of the sucrose/starch pathway discovered 291 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the wild sugarcane species, S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. A large number of microRNA genes was also identified in the MF scaffolds. The information achieved by the MF dataset provides a valuable tool for genomic research in the genus Saccharum and for improvement of sugarcane as a biofuel crop.
Staying Home or Moving Away? Restructuring Efforts within Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Abraham Filip , Goesaert Tim , Konings Jozef 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of geographic dispersion on employment changes within multinationals. Building on earlier work of Landier et al. (2009, Review of Financial Studies 22, 3: 1119), we investigate whether corporate decision‐making within a multinational is affected by the distance between an affiliate and its headquarter. Our findings suggest a detrimental impact of distance on employees, by either an increased likelihood of observing a downsizing event, or by witnessing a larger decrease in the number of employees at distant locations during downsizing events. In addition, our results seem to relate the higher likelihood of observing a downsizing event to the role of social factors on decision making. The more visible a manager is in his community, the less likely he is to downsize proximate divisions.
Metabolic Compensation of Fitness Costs Associated with Overexpression of the Multidrug Efflux Pump MexEF-OprN in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Olivares Jorge , Álvarez-Ortega Carolina , Martinez José Luis 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe acquisition of antibiotic resistance has been associated with a possible nonspecific, metabolic burden that is reflected in decreased fitness among resistant bacteria. We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux pump does not produce a metabolic burden when measured by classical competitions tests but rather leads to a number of changes in the organism's physiology. One of these changes is the untimely activation of the nitrate respiratory chain under aerobic conditions. MexEF-OprN is a proton/substrate antiporter. Overexpression of this element should result in a constant influx of protons, which may lead to cytoplasmic acidification. Acidification was not observed in aerobiosis, a situation in which the MexEF-overproducing mutant increases oxygen consumption. This enhanced oxygen uptake serves to eliminate intracellular proton accumulation, preventing the cytoplasmic acidification that was observed exclusively under anaerobic conditions, a situation in which the fitness of the MexEF-OprN-overproducing mutant decreases. Finally, we determined that the early activation of the nitrate respiratory chain under aerobic conditions plays a role in preventing a deleterious effect associated with the overexpression of MexEF-OprN. Our results show that metabolic rewiring may assist in overcoming the potential fitness cost associated with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, the capability to metabolically compensate for this effect is habitat dependent, as demonstrated by our results under anaerobic conditions. The development of drugs that prevent metabolic compensation of fitness costs may help to reduce the persistence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
Crystal Structure of Mox-1, a Unique Plasmid-Mediated Class C β-Lactamase with Hydrolytic Activity towards Moxalactam
Authors: Oguri Takuma , Furuyama Takamitsu , Okuno Takashi , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tateda Kazuhiro , Bonomo Robert A. , Shimizu-Ibuka Akiko 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Mox-1 is a unique plasmid-mediated class C β-lactamase that hydrolyzes penicillins, cephalothin, and the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins cefepime and moxalactam. In order to understand the unique substrate profile of this enzyme, we determined the X-ray crystallographic structure of Mox-1 β-lactamase at a 1.5-Å resolution. The overall structure of Mox-1 β-lactamase resembles that of other AmpC enzymes, with some notable exceptions. First, comparison with other enzymes whose structures have been solved reveals significant differences in the composition of amino acids that make up the hydrogen-bonding network and the position of structural elements in the substrate-binding cavity. Second, the main-chain electron density is not observed in two regions, one containing amino acid residues 214 to 216 positioned in the Ω loop and the other in the N terminus of the B3 β-strand corresponding to amino acid residues 303 to 306. The last two observations suggest that there is significant structural flexibility of these regions, a property which may impact the recognition and binding of substrates in Mox-1. These important differences allow us to propose that the binding of moxalactam in Mox-1 is facilitated by the avoidance of steric clashes, indicating that a substrate-induced conformational change underlies the basis of the hydrolytic profile of Mox-1 β-lactamase.
Inhibitor-Resistant TEM- and OXA-1-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Resistant to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Are More Clonal and Possess Lower Virulence Gene Content than Susceptible Clinical Isolates
Authors: Oteo Jesús , González-López Juan José , Ortega Adriana , Quintero-Zárate J. Natalia , Bou Germán , Cercenado Emilia , Conejo María Carmen , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Navarro Ferran , Oliver Antonio , Bartolomé Rosa M. , Campos José 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

In a previous prospective multicenter study in Spain, we found that OXA-1 and inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) β-lactamases constitute the most common plasmid-borne mechanisms of genuine amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistance in
Escherichia coli
. In the present study, we investigated the population structure and virulence traits of clinical AMC-resistant
E. coli
strains expressing OXA-1 or IRT and compared these traits to those in a control group of clinical AMC-susceptible
E. coli
isolates. All OXA-1-producing (
n
= 67) and IRT-producing (
n
= 45) isolates were matched by geographical and temporal origin to the AMC-susceptible control set (
n
= 56). We performed multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic group characterization for each isolate and then studied the isolates for the presence of 49 virulence factors (VFs) by PCR and sequencing. The most prevalent clone detected was distinct for each group: group C isolates of sequence type (ST) 88 (C/ST88) were the most common in OXA-1 producers, B2/ST131 isolates were the most common in IRT producers, and B2/ST73 isolates were the most common in AMC-susceptible isolates. The median numbers of isolates per ST were 3.72 in OXA-1 producers, 2.04 in IRT producers, and 1.69 in AMC-susceptible isolates; the proportions of STs represented by one unique isolate in each group were 19.4%, 31.1%, and 48.2%, respectively. The sum of all VFs detected, calculated as a virulence score, was significantly higher in AMC-susceptible isolates than OXA-1 and IRT producers (means, 12.5 versus 8.3 and 8.2, respectively). Our findings suggest that IRT- and OXA-1-producing
E. coli
isolates resistant to AMC have a different and less diverse population structure than AMC-susceptible clinical
E. coli
isolates. The AMC-susceptible population also contains more VFs than AMC-resistant isolates.