bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar degeneration in lurcher mice under confocal laser scanning microscope
Authors: Purkartová Zdeňka , Vožeh František 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTLurcher mutant mice represent a natural model of genetically‐determined olivocerebellar degeneration caused by a mutation in the δ2 glutamate receptor gene. They suffer from progressive postnatal loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and a decrease of granule cells and inferior olive neurons. Their wild type littermates serve as healthy controls. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used aiming investigation the dynamics of changes in the cerebellar cortex of Lurcher and wild type mice derived from two strains during the period of 8–21 postnatal days. Fluorescent double‐staining was used to visualize mainly the Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices. In wild types, only normal Purkinje cells of round or regular drop‐shaped were present, when staining intensity of other individual cell structures differed in dependence on the age of the animal. In Lurcher mutants, there were still some normal‐shaped cells. Nevertheless, depending on the animal's age, a wide variety of stages of the cell degeneration were depicted. The main characteristics of Purkinje cell degeneration in the early stage are: disruption of the continuity of the Purkinje cell layer, dark spots in cell nuclei and an irregular coloring of the cytoplasm. Later, the cells and their nuclei were deformed, often with two main dendrites sprouting from the cell body. Finally, the cell and nucleus margins were unclear, dendrites were significantly thickened, showing signs of shrinkage and fragmentation. Cell nucleoli underwent changes in number and appearance. No differences between the Lurcher mice of both strains (C3H and B6CBA) under examination were found. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:545–551, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumour necrosis factor in infectious disease
Authors: Waters John P , Pober Jordan S , Bradley John R 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTNF signals through two distinct receptors, designated TNFR1 and TNFR2, which initiate diverse cellular effects that include cell survival, activation, differentiation, and proliferation and cell death. These cellular responses can promote immunological and inflammatory responses that eradicate infectious agents, but can also lead to local tissue injury at sites of infection and harmful systemic effects. Defining the molecular mechanisms involved in TNF responses, the effects of natural and experimental genetic diversity in TNF signalling and the effects of therapeutic blockade of TNF has increased our understanding of the key role that TNF plays in infectious disease. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and proton conductivity of phosphoric acid‐doped blend membranes composed of sulfonated block copolyimides and polybenzimidazole
Authors: Iizuka Yusuke , Tanaka Manabu , Kawakami Hiroyoshi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped blend membranes composed of block or random sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) were prepared with similar PA contents to investigate the influence of chemical structures of SPIs on proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of a PA‐doped blend membrane containing block‐type SPI, PA‐bSPI(80/20)/oPBI, was higher than that of the corresponding pristine block‐type SPI, PA‐SPI/PBI containing random‐type SPI and Nafion membranes over a wide temperature range, and reached 0.37 S cm−1 at 90 °C and 98% relative humidity. The PA‐bSPI(80/20)/oPBI membrane also showed distinct proton conductivity even at low humidity due to a new proton transport pathway among PA and sulfonic acid groups. Also, the novel PA‐doped blend membrane showed higher proton conductivity than Nafion at both above 100 °C and below 0 °C under low relative humidity conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of protein films on dental materials: Bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) studies on loosely and firmly adsorbed protein layers
Authors: Kratz Fabian , Müller Christine , Körber Nils , Umanskaya Natalia , Hannig Matthias , Ziegler Christiane 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe loosely and firmly adsorbed amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on dental titanium and dental gold was investigated by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay). This method does not require special properties of the sample like a high reflectivity or conductivity and turns the BCA assay into a valuable tool to investigate a widespread spectrum of different substrate materials, e.g., natural enamel. The experiments in this work showed that it is possible to distinguish between loosely and firmly bound protein with the BCA assay. On the here investigated dental titanium and dental gold samples the amount of adsorbed BSA was dominated by the loosely bound part. On dental gold the total amount of adsorbed BSA was significantly higher than on titanium. The amount of loosely bound BSA was high near the isoelectric points of dental titanium and dental gold while the amount of firmly adsorbed BSA on dental titanium followed the electrostatics. At high pH values (pH 9.0) conformational changes of the BSA molecules played a key role in the adsorption process.
Modification of band gap in lithium niobate caused by indium incorporation
Authors: Castillo‐Torres J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMeasurements on transition energies near the optical absorption band edge for lithium niobate samples doped with indium at several concentrations are presented. Indirect and direct optical absorption processes were analyzed. It was found that the energies for these transitions are larger than those corresponding to undoped lithium niobate, suggesting that the energy band structure was modified by the presence of indium. For an indium concentration between 0 and 4 mol%, a value of energy of 3.8 eV was measured for indirect transition, and a range of 3.9–4.0 eV was determined for direct transition energy; whereas 3.6 and 3.8 eV were obtained, respectively, for the corresponding values of pure lithium niobate. In addition, Urbach and phonon energies were also calculated for the same indium‐doped lithium niobate samples which values are lesser than those obtained for pure lithium niobate. Both behaviors remain unaltered regardless of whether the indium concentration is above or below the optical damage threshold value. Substitution of only lithium vacancies and antisite defects by indium atoms for any concentration of doping may explain the results.
Conduction anisotropy in the Laplace pressure‐induced rhombohedral phase of ScSZ ceramics
Authors: Barbashov Vladimir , Nesova Elizaveta , Akimov Gennady 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGrain size effect on the phase composition of scandia stabilized zirconia ceramics was studied experimentally. It was established using X‐ray phase analysis that the grain size decrease from 16 to 0.6 µm results in the tetragonal‐to‐rhombohedral phase transition.It was shown that heating of the fine‐grained material up to the 800 K in a weak electric field allows forming anisotropic behaviour of the ceramic electrolyte. The induced anisotropy is unambiguously reflected in temperature dependence of ionic conductivity. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reading: What Else Matters Besides Strategies and Skills?
Authors: Afflerbach Peter , Cho Byeong‐Young , Kim Jong‐Yun , Crassas Maria Elliker , Doyle Brie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHow can we best contribute to our students’ reading development and achievement? What are the hallmarks of successful, independent student readers? An examination of reading curricula, reading assessment, and related Federal education policy reveals the ongoing emphasis on the cognitive strategies and skills of reading. The teaching and learning of the “big 5” of No Child Left Behind, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, are considered the hallmark of effective reading programs. The Common Core State Standards continue the focus on the cognitive aspects of reading. While strategies and skills are central to reading achievement, they are but one aspect of elementary students’ reading development. In this article, we examine other important influences on this development. We focus on metacognition, engagement and motivation, epistemic beliefs, and self‐efficacy, and we describe how they can contribute to students’ reading success.
Isolation of natural red colorants from fermented broth using ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Ventura Sónia P M , Santos-Ebinuma Valéria C , Pereira Jorge F B , Teixeira Maria F S , Pessoa Adalberto , Coutinho João A P 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
There is a growing demand for natural colorants. This is prompting the search for new alternative and “benign” separation systems allowing higher recoveries, extraction yields, and selectivities. This work investigates the use of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on ionic liquids as extraction processes for the recovery of red colorants from the fermented broth of Penicillium purpurogenum DPUA 1275. Several ATPS based on quaternary ammonium and imidazolium were studied in this work aiming at separating the red colorants produced from the remaining colorants and contaminant proteins present in the fermented broth. The results suggest that the red colorants can be isolated by an appropriate manipulation of some of the process conditions, such as the use of quaternary ammonium with short alkyl chains, alkaline media, and short tie-line lengths (extraction point systems with lower concentrations of ionic liquid). These conditions allow large partition coefficients for the red colorants (K red = 24.4 ± 2.3), high protein removal (60.7 ± 2.8 %) and selectivity parameters (S red/prot = 10.05).
Determination of the gas exchange phenology in an evergreen coniferous forest from 7 years of eddy covariance flux data using an extended big‐leaf analysis
Authors: Kosugi Yoshiko , Takanashi Satoru , Ueyama Masahito , Ohkubo Shinjiro , Tanaka Hiroki , Matsumoto Kazuho , Yoshifuji Natsuko , Ataka Mioko , Sakabe Ayaka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe defined gas exchange phenology as the seasonality of the gas exchange characteristics of a forest canopy, and investigated how the gas exchange phenology could be directly detected from an eddy covariance (EC) dataset and its influence on the canopy fluxes within an evergreen Japanese cypress forest. For the detection of gas exchange phenology, we derived three bulk parameters of the extended big‐leaf model (Kosugi et al. 2005) inversely from EC flux data over a 7‐year period: surface conductance (gc), maximum rate of carboxylation of the “big leaf” (VCMAX), and intercellular CO2 concentration of the “big leaf” (CI). The relationship between gc and the vapor pressure deficit declined in winter and spring. The relationship between the daily ecosystem respiration and air temperature was greater in the spring than in the other seasons. The temperature dependence curve of VCMAX decreased substantially in the winter and was different from that of an evergreen broadleaved forest. A decrease in CI was occasionally coupled with the decrease in canopy gross primary production during April and August, indicating that stomatal closure was responsible for a decline in canopy photosynthesis. Gas exchange phenology should be quantified when understanding the determining factors of the seasonality of canopy fluxes at evergreen coniferous forests.
Non-deep complex morphophysiological dormancy inNarcissus longispathus(Amaryllidaceae): implications for evolution of dormancy levels within sectionPseudonarcissi
Authors: Herranz José M. , Copete Elena , Ferrandis Pablo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNarcissus longispathus(Amaryllidaceae) is a perennial geophyte and a Mediterranean narrowly endemic species. At dispersal time,N. longispathusseeds are dormant and have underdeveloped embryos. This work aimed to determine requirements for dormancy break and germination and to compare dormancy traits with those of the two endemic Iberian congeners. Phenology of embryo growth and germination were studied by regularly exhuming seeds sown in near-natural conditions. Temperature and light requirements for embryo growth, breaking of dormancy and germination were determined by incubating seeds under controlled laboratory conditions. Mean embryo length in fresh seeds was 1.50 mm, and embryos had to grow to 3.80 mm before radicle emergence. Embryos grew to full size and seeds germinated when they were warm stratified for 2 months (optimum 1 month at 20/7°C+1 month at 15/4°C), then cold stratified at 5°C for 2 months, and finally incubated at cool temperatures (15/4°C) for 30 d. However, in seeds only subjected to either warm or cold stratification, the embryos hardly grew and did not germinate. In natural conditions, the embryos elongate in autumn–winter, and in late winter–early spring (March) almost all radicles and seedlings emerged. Velocity of embryo growth and germination percentages increased with seed storage duration. Seeds ofN. longispathushave non-deep complex morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is the first report of such a level of MPD inNarcissus. Our data suggest that non-deep complex MPD may have been derived from intermediate complex MPD in the sectionPseudonarcissi.
Double right coronary artery and its clinical implications
Authors: Chien Tsu-Ming , Chen Chih-Wei , Chen Huai-Min , Lee Chee-Siong , Lin Ching-Cheng , Chen Ying-Fu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are present in 0.2–1.4% of the general population. These anomalies represent one of the most confusing issues in the field of cardiology and challenges for interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons if the anomalies are unrecognised. Double right coronary artery is one of the rarest coronary arteries. Previously, the probability of developing atherosclerotic changes in patients with a double right coronary artery was considered to be equal to that in those without it. In reality, however, a high prevalence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was found in patients with a double right coronary artery originating from a single ostium after our comprehensive literature search through the PubMed database. Owing to the fact that double right coronary artery is both a congenital and potentially atherosclerotic coronary artery disease at diagnosis, coronary intervention or cardiac operation is more complicated than previously believed. Individuals with a double right coronary artery may be unaware of its presence until an accidental finding during coronary angiography or cardiac operation and are at risk for unsuspected complications of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease or during cardiac operation. Therefore, it is important to obtain information on the anatomic variants of this congenital coronary anomaly in patients who are undergoing either coronary intervention, aortic root operation or myocardial revascularisation. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive article to discuss the anomalies and their clinical implications.
Theory of Mind in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Li Yi-Hsing , Chiu Ming-Jang , Yeh Zai-Ting , Liou Horng-Huei , Cheng Ting-Wen , Hua Mau-Sun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM) is a crucial aspect of social cognition and is mediated by a complex neural network. Studies on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) suggest that its neuropathological involvement includes several brain regions. Some regions seem to overlap the neural network responsible for ToM, and this overlap provides an opportunity to explore ToM in TLE patients. Another concern is psychosocial problems in TLE, and the study of ToM in TLE could serve as a basis for further understanding the nature of such psychosocial disturbances. Studies on whether TLE patients evidence ToM deficit, however, are scant and controversial. Consequently, we examine whether ToM deficit is evident in TLE. Thirty-one TLE patients and 24 matched controls were recruited and completed four tasks measuring different levels of ToM: false belief, faux pas recognition, processing of implied meanings, and cartoon ToM. The patients were impaired in both basic and advanced ToM. Right TLE had a more wide-ranging picture of deficit than left TLE. ToM appears to be vulnerable to TLE, especially on the right side. Since ToM might contribute to patients’ psychosocial adjustment, we thus suggest that a ToM measure be included in regular neuropsychological assessments of such patients. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–7)
Ultrastructural Imaging of Endocytic Sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Immunolabeling
Authors: Buser Christopher , Drubin David G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDefining the ultrastructure of endocytic sites and localization of endocytic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by immunoelectron microscopy is central in understanding the mechanisms of membrane deformation and scission during endocytosis. We show that an improved sample preparation protocol based on high-pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and low-temperature embedding allows us to maintain the cellular fine structure and to immunolabel green fluorescent protein–tagged endocytic proteins or actin in the same sections. Using this technique we analyzed the stepwise deformation of endocytic membranes and immunolocalized the endocytic proteins Abp1p, Sla1p, Rvs167p, and actin, and were able to draw a clear ultrastructural distinction between endocytic sites and eisosomes by immunolocalizing Pil1p. In addition to defining the geometry and the fine structure of budding yeast endocytic sites, we observed associated actin filaments forming a cage-like meshwork around the endocytic membrane.
Communication with aliens, as an opening of the horizon of a scientific Humanity. A philosopher's reflections
Authors: Petit J.-L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, we reflect on the motives underlying the search for extraterrestrial intelligent life (SETI) with a view to show that far from turning away from humanity it is profoundly rooted in human aspirations. We suggest that those motives derive their driving force from the fact that they combine two powerful aspirations of humanity. On the one hand, there is the transcendental motive that drives history of science, the human enterprise that claims to escape any communitarian closure of horizon and brings our humanity to transcend itself toward the other, which was formerly referred to under the title Universal Reason. On the other hand, there is the anthropological motive by virtue of which the human being tends to project on the other and even in inanimate nature a double of himself. The mixture of both motives is deemed responsible for a remarkable bias in the current understanding of the SETI programme. Despite the fact that such a programme might well be aimed at any biological formation which could be arbitrarily different from all known forms, it is focused instead on a very special kind of being: beings that possess both the natural property of the type of mentality we identify with: intelligence, and the ideal one of being possible co-subjects for a Science of Nature.
Responsibilisation on Government's Terms: New Welfare and the Governance of Responsibility and Solidarity
Authors: Peeters Rik 
Published: March 2013

The notion of ‘governance’ is often studied from a public management perspective and is associated with the image of a modest or even retreating state. However, ‘governance’ can also be studied from a political perspective, which focuses on issues of power and interests in governance practices. This shifts attention from a modest state to the techniques governments use to step into society and influence citizen behaviour. Whether in crime policy, youth policy or public health policy, traditional government techniques such as penalising behaviour or compensating harm are complemented by governance techniques to manage citizen responsibility and solidarity in the face of social risks.This article deals with the question of how politicians and governments publicly frame and legitimise a new realm of state intervention dedicated to enticing, persuading and nudging citizens to ‘take responsibility’ in producing public value. An analysis of Dutch political discourse in the first decade of the twenty-first century reveals the mechanisms by which government justifies its new approach to social issues. The traditional connotations of the notions ‘responsibility’ and ‘solidarity’ are transformed in order to mobilise citizens and approach them as both part of the problem and part of the solution to various social issues. An analysis of Dutch youth policy shows how this brings about a politicisation of citizen behaviour and implicates citizens as co-operators of political will formation.
Dissociation limit and dissociation dynamic of CF4+: Application of threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence velocity imaging
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Zhou Xiaoguo , Wu Manman , Gao Zhi , Liu Shilin , Liu Fuyi , Shan Xiaobin , Sheng Liusi 
Published: March 2013

Dissociation of internal energy selected CF4+ ions in an excitation energy range of 15.40–19.60 eV has been investigated using threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) velocity imaging. Only CF3+ fragment ions are observed in coincident mass spectra, indicating all the X2T1, A2T2, and B2E ionic states of CF4+ are fully dissociative. Both kinetic energy released distribution (KERD) and angular distribution in dissociation of CF4+ ions have been derived from three-dimensional TPEPICO time-sliced images. A parallel distribution of CF3+ fragments along the polarization vector of photon is observed for dissociation of CF4+ ions in all the low-lying electronic states. With the aid of F-loss potential energy curves, dissociation mechanisms of CF4+ ions in these electronic states have been proposed. CF4+ ions in both X2T1 and A2T2 states directly dissociate to CF3+ and F fragments along the repulsive C-F coordinate, while a two-step dissociation mechanism is suggested for B2E state: CF4+(B2E) ion first converts to the lower A2T2 state via internal conversion, then dissociates to CF3+ and F fragments along the steep A2T2 potential energy surface. In addition, an adiabatic appearance potential of AP0(CF3+/CF4) has also been established to be 14.71 ± 0.02 eV, which is very consistent with the recent calculated values.
Xerocytosis is caused by mutations that alter the kinetics of the mechanosensitive channel PIEZO1
Authors: Bae Chilman , Gnanasambandam Radhakrishnan , Nicolai Chris , Sachs Frederick , Gottlieb Philip A. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
Familial xerocytosis in humans, which causes dehydration of red blood cells and hemolytic anemia, was traced to mutations in the mechanosensitive ion channel, PIEZO1. The mutations slowed inactivation and introduced a pronounced latency for activation. Loss of inactivation and increased latency for activation could modify groups of channels simultaneously, suggesting that they exist in common spatial domains. The hereditary xerocytosis mutants affect red cell cation fluxes: slow inactivation increases them, and increased latency decreases them. These data provide a direct link between pathology and mechanosensitive channel dysfunction in nonsensory cells.