bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antarctic Zone nutrient conditions during the last two glacial cycles
Authors: Studer Anja S. , Sigman Daniel M. , Martínez‐García Alfredo , Benz Verena , Winckler Gisela , Kuhn Gerhard , Esper Oliver , Lamy Frank , Jaccard Samuel L. , Wacker Lukas , Oleynik Sergey , Gersonde Rainer , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn a sediment core from the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean, we report diatom‐bound N isotope (δ15Ndb) records for total recoverable diatoms and two distinct diatom assemblages (pennate and centric rich). These data indicate tight coupling between the degree of nitrate consumption and Antarctic climate across the last two glacial cycles, with δ15Ndb (and thus the degree of nitrate consumption) increasing at each major Antarctic cooling event. Coupled with evidence from opal‐ and barium‐based proxies for reduced export production during ice ages, the δ15Ndb increases point to ice age reductions in the supply of deep ocean‐sourced nitrate to the AZ surface. The two diatom assemblages and species abundance data indicate that the δ15Ndb changes are not the result of changing species composition. The pennate and centric assemblage δ15Ndb records indicate similar changes but with a significant decline in their difference during peak ice ages. A tentative seasonality‐based interpretation of the centric‐to‐pennate δ15Ndb difference suggests that late summer surface waters became nitrate free during the peak glacials.
Microwave‐Assisted Continuous‐Flow Reactor Based on a Ridged Waveguide
Authors: Zhou Peiping , Yang Xiaoqing , Huang Kama , Jia Guozhu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted continuous‐flow reactors (MCFRs) are a valuable alternative to conventional reactors for accelerating chemical reactions. However, despite several interesting applications, only little quantitative research has been conducted on the temperature uniformity of the heating load. With water as a common inorganic solvent, a novel MCFR type based on a special ridged waveguide for heating water is studied by optimizing some parameters of micropipes in order to achieve better temperature uniformity. Compared to the original reactor, the standard deviation of the electric field decreased significantly when using the optimized reactor under the same heating conditions while the average electric field density increased. The optimized results were verified by experiments.
Head tracked retroreflecting 3D display
Authors: Surman Phil , Day Sally , Liu Xianzi , Benjamin Joshua , Urey Hakan , Aksit Kaan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a single‐user glasses‐free (autostereoscopic) 3D display where images from a pair of picoprojectors are projected on to a retroreflecting screen. Real images of the projector lenses formed at the viewer's eyes produce exit pupils that follow the eye positions by the projectors moving laterally under the control of a head tracker. This provides the viewer with a comfortable degree of head movement. The retroreflecting screen, display hardware, infrared head tracker, and means of stabilizing the image position on the screen are explained. The performance of the display in terms of crosstalk, resolution, image distortion, and other parameters is described. Finally, applications of this display type are suggested.
Symptoms of Dissociation in a High‐Risk Sample of Young Children Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma: Prevalence, Correlates, and Contributors
Authors: Hagan Melissa J. , Hulette Annmarie C. , Lieberman Alicia F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChildren who have experienced interpersonal trauma are at an increased risk of developing dissociation; however, little is known about the prevalence or correlates of dissociation in young children. The current study examined symptoms of dissociation in 140 children (mean age = 51.17 months, range = 36–72 months, SD = 10.31 months; 50.0% male; 45.7% Hispanic) who experienced trauma (e.g., witnessing domestic violence, experiencing abuse). Child dissociation and exposure to traumatic events were assessed using a clinician‐administered interview with the biological mother (mean age = 32.02 years, SD = 6.13; 49.3% Hispanic; 25.5% married or cohabitating). Mothers completed measures of maternal dissociation, depression/anxiety, and child behavior problems. At least subclinical dissociation was present for 24.3% of children. Robust regression with least trimmed squares estimation showed that greater maternal dissociation was related to greater child dissociation, adjusting for child internalizing symptoms, number of traumas, and maternal depression/anxiety, B = 0.09, χ2 = 10.47, p < .001, R2Δ = .04. Children who experienced direct victimization did not exhibit a significantly higher level of dissociation compared to children who experienced other traumas, F(1, 138) = 3.76, p = .054, η2 = .03. These findings highlight the need to assess dissociation in traumatized young children.
Political Imprisonment and Adult Functioning: A Life Event History Analysis of Palestinians
Authors: McNeely Clea , Barber Brian K. , Spellings Carolyn , Belli Robert , Giacaman Rita , Arafat Cairo , Daher Mahmoud , El Sarraj Eyad , Mallouh Mohammed Abu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPolitical imprisonment is a traumatic event, often accompanied by torture and deprivation. This study explores the association of political imprisonment between 1987 and 2011 with political, economic, community, psychological, physical, and family functioning in a population‐based sample of Palestinian men ages 32–43 years (N= 884) derived from a dataset collected in 2011. Twenty‐six percent (n= 233) had been politically imprisoned. Men imprisoned between 1987 and 2005 reported functioning as well as never‐imprisoned men in most domains, suggesting that men imprisoned as youth have moved forward with their lives in ways similar to their nonimprisoned counterparts. In an exception to this pattern, men imprisoned during the Oslo Accords period (1994–1999) reported higher levels of trauma‐related stress (B= 0.24,p= .027) compared to never‐imprisoned men. Men imprisoned since 2006 reported lower functioning in multiple domains: human insecurity (B= 0.33,p= .023), freedom of public expression (B= −0.48,p= .017), perceived government stability (B= −0.38,p= .009), feeling broken or destroyed (B= 0.59,p= .001), physical limitations (B= 0.55,p= .002), and community belonging (B= −0.33,p= .048). Findings pointed to the value of examining the effects of imprisonment on functioning in multiple domains.
Double transverse myocutaneous gracilis free flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction
Authors: Werdin Frank , Haug Daniel M. , Amr Amro , Schoeller Thomas 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIn cases were the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP flap) is not available and unilateral transverse myocutaneous gracilis flap (TMG flap) is not sufficient for breast reconstruction, we perform double TMG flaps as a reconstructive method. In this report, we present our results of the use of double TMG free‐flap‐transfer for unilateral breast reconstruction.Patients and MethodsBetween August 2004 and June 2012 we performed 58 TMG flaps in 29 patients for unilateral breast reconstruction. Patient data were analyzed and operative outcome (operation time, complication rate and aesthetic results) were investigated. Aesthetic outcome was evaluated retrospectively via photo documentation by an independent plastic surgeon. The results were classified in;unsatisfactory, satisfactory, good and very good.ResultsThe average operating time was 6 hours 55 minutes (295 – 650 minutes). Of 58 TMG flaps, 57 (98.3%) were successful. Thrombosis occurred in seven (12%) cases (1 arterial, 6 venous). Flap salvage was successful in six cases and flap failure occurred in one (1.7%) case. The results of 25 patients were graded as good and very good. Three patients showed satisfying and one patient unsatisfying results.ConclusionDouble TMG flaps in unilateral breast reconstruction could lead to good operative results. This method further expands the range of options with autologous tissue in reconstructive breast surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:539–545, 2016.
Distribution of Diagenetic Alterations in Fluvial Channel and Floodplain Deposits in the Triassic Narrabeen Group, Southern Sydney Basin, Australia
Authors: Al-Kahtany Khalid , Gahtani Fahad Al 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In the Narrabeen Group, floodplain shale and siltstone are abundant in the Wombarra Claystone, Stanwell Park Claystone and Bald Hill Claystone whereas the Newport Formation is a fine-grained lagoonal deposit. Medium-and coarse-grained fluvial channel sandstone is common in the Coalcliff, Scarborough and Bulgo. Sandstone composition includes mostly lithic grains with minor quartz, feldspar, mica and heavy minerals; litharenites and sublitharenites are common and quartzarenites are rare. The diagenetic alterations include compaction, quartz overgrowths, authigenic clay minerals, carbonate cement and authigenic feldspar. Quartz overgrowths are present in the channel, floodplain, lagoonal and shallow marine facies but are more common in the channel facies. Also, the channell facies are characterised by pore-filling carbonate cement, grain-coating carbonate cement and carbonate replacement of grains. Carbonate cement, pore-filling clays and grain-coating clays occur in all the channel, floodplain, lagoonal and shallow marine facies. Fluvial channel and floodplain facies contain feldspar overgrowths which disappear in the lagoonal and shallow marine facies. Dissolution of unstable grains is observed in the channel, floodplain and lagoonal facies but is more abundant in the channel facies in the Narrabeen Group. Mechanical and chemical compaction is conspicuous in the channel facies but also occurs in the floodplain and lagoonal facies.
Seismotectonic and Seismicity Analysis of the Damghan Region, Iran
Authors: Ramazi Hamidreza , Jalali Mohammad 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
This paper deals with seismotectonic and seismicity analysis of the Damghan region, the central part of Semnan province, northeast of Iran. Seismotectonic and seismicity maps s well as active faults of the region were introduced and an earthquake catalogue of the studied area (up to 150 km radiuses) was prepared. This study addresses the main historical and instrumental earthquakes and their causative faults. Available seismic data were normalized by means of the time normalization technique that resulted in evaluating the magnitude-frequency relationship and estimating the return period of earthquakes of different magnitudes. Some active faults present in the region namely Damghan fault, north-Damghan fault, Atari fault and Astaneh fault are sources of earthquakes. Finally, the constructions were analyzed and classified and the vulnerability of the various types of structures was studied.
Population Fluctuation Promotes Cooperation in Networks
Authors: Miller Steve , Knowles Joshua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe consider the problem of explaining the emergence and evolution of cooperation in dynamic network-structured populations. Building on seminal work by Poncela et al., which shows how cooperation (in one-shot prisoner’s dilemma) is supported in growing populations by an evolutionary preferential attachment (EPA) model, we investigate the effect of fluctuations in the population size. We find that a fluctuating model – based on repeated population growth and truncation – is more robust than Poncela et al.’s in that cooperation flourishes for a wider variety of initial conditions. In terms of both the temptation to defect and the types of strategies present in the founder network, the fluctuating population is found to lead more securely to cooperation. Further, we find that this model will also support the emergence of cooperation from pre-existing non-cooperative random networks. This model, like Poncela et al.’s, does not require agents to have memory, recognition of other agents, or other cognitive abilities and so may suggest a more general explanation of the emergence of cooperation in early evolutionary transitions, than mechanisms such as kin selection, direct and indirect reciprocity.
Single-molecule analysis reveals widespread structural variation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gupta Aditya , Place Michael , Goldstein Steven , Sarkar Deepayan , Zhou Shiguo , Potamousis Konstantinos , Kim Jaehyup , Flanagan Claire , Li Yang , Newton Michael A. , Callander Natalie S. , Hematti Peiman , Bresnick Emery H. , Ma Jian , Asimakopoulos Fotis , Schwartz David C. 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceIn the last several years, we have seen significant progress toward personalized cancer genomics and therapy. Although we routinely discern and understand genomic variation at single base pair and chromosomal levels, comprehensive analysis of genome variation, particularly structural variation, remains a challenge. We present an integrated approach using optical mapping—a single-molecule, whole-genome analysis system—and DNA sequencing to comprehensively identify genomic structural variation in sequential samples from a multiple myeloma patient. Through our analysis, we have identified widespread structural variation and an increase in mutational burden with tumor progression. Our findings highlight the need to routinely incorporate structural variation analysis at many length scales to understand cancer genomes more comprehensively.
Calcium activates the light-dependent conductance in melanopsin-expressing photoreceptors of amphioxus
Authors: Peinado Gabriel , Osorno Tomás , Gomez María del Pilar , Nasi Enrico 
Published: June 2015

Significance
“Circadian” photoreceptors of the mammalian retina use melanopsin, a photopigment that resembles invertebrate opsins and has widespread phylogenetic distribution, from prechordates to man. Although converging evidence in different species implicates the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway in melanopsin light-signaling, the downstream mechanism that controls the photoconductance has remained elusive. Here, we used melanopsin-expressing photoreceptors of amphioxus, the most basal extant chordate, to provide strong evidence implicating internally released calcium in the activation of the light-sensitive channels. For the first time, to our knowledge, exogenous application of a candidate messenger fully reproduces the effects of photoexcitation in a PLC-utilizing photoreceptor. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, amphioxus can also help shed light on the evolutionary history of diverse lineages of light-sensing cells and their transduction mechanisms.
Relationship of the quaternary structure of human secretory IgA to neutralization of influenza virus
Authors: Suzuki Tadaki , Kawaguchi Akira , Ainai Akira , Tamura Shin-ichi , Ito Ryo , Multihartina Pretty , Setiawaty Vivi , Pangesti Krisna Nur Andriana , Odagiri Takato , Tashiro Masato , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: June 2015

SignificancePreexisting secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies can provide immediate immunity via their unique capability to eliminate a pathogen before it passes the mucosal barrier. Several clinical trials have reported that S-IgA against influenza virus was induced by intranasal administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine. S-IgA in mucosa consists predominantly of dimers rather than tetramers, as revealed by ultracentrifugation almost 50 years ago. However, direct evidence concerning the quaternary architectures and the physiological function of polymers larger than dimers has not been reported in healthy humans. The present study revealed, for the first time to our knowledge, the existence of large polymeric IgA in the healthy human upper respiratory mucosa, as well as the physiological functions of these molecules in protecting against viral infection in humans.
Neurons selective to the number of visual items in the corvid songbird endbrain
Authors: Ditz Helen M. , Nieder Andreas 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Birds are known for their advanced numerical competence, although a six-layered neocortex that is thought to enable primates with the highest levels of cognition is lacking in birds. We recorded neuronal activity from an endbrain association area termed nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) in crows that discriminated the number of items in displays. NCL neurons were tuned to preferred numerosities. Neuronal discharges were relevant for the crows’ correct performance. Both the neuronal and the behavioral tuning functions were best described on a logarithmic number line, just as predicted by the psychophysical Weber–Fecher Law. Our data suggests that this way of coding numerical information has evolved based on convergent evolution as a superior solution to a common computational problem.
SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation
Authors: Carini Paul , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Thrash J. Cameron , White Angelicque , Zhao Yanlin , Campbell Emily O. , Fredricks Helen F. , Giovannoni Stephen J. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Nonphosphorus lipids produced by heterotrophic bacteria have been measured in marine ecosystems without an understanding of their origins or role. This work shows SAR11 chemoheterotrophic bacteria synthesize multiple nonphosphorus lipids in response to phosphate depletion. Because this process results in a reduced cellular P:C ratio, it impacts our understanding of ocean processes related to cellular elemental stoichiometry by showing how different environmental parameters alter P:C ratios in heterotrophs. Also, SAR11 grown with excess organophosphonate synthesized phosphorus-free lipids. This finding contrasts the contemporary view of organophosphorus utilization because organophosphate-derived phosphorus did not equally substitute for inorganic phosphate in lipids. Considering lipid phosphorus content was lower in cells using organophosphonate, phosphorus-based productivity estimates may vary as a function of phosphorus source.
Protein synthesis during cellular quiescence is inhibited by phosphorylation of a translational elongation factor
Authors: Pereira Sandro F. F. , Gonzalez Ruben L. , Dworkin Jonathan 
Published: June 2015

Significance
In nature, cells sense and fine-tune their metabolism in response to nutrient availability. Protein synthesis is one of the most energy-demanding metabolic processes and as such is subject to a tight regulation. A key open question, however, is how the components of the translation machinery, which are among the most abundant cellular proteins, can be regulated quickly and robustly in response to acute nutrient deprivation. We show that starved cells down-regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylation of essential and universally conserved translational GTPase Elongation factor tu (EF-Tu). Importantly, phosphorylated EF-Tu has a dominant-negative effect in elongation, resulting in the overall inhibition of protein synthesis. Thus, this novel regulatory mechanism allows for the quick and efficient regulation of protein synthesis.
Phosphoregulatory protein 14-3-3 facilitates SAC1 transport from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Bajaj Pahuja Kanika , Wang Jinzhi , Blagoveshchenskaya Anastasia , Lim Lillian , Madhusudhan M. S. , Mayinger Peter , Schekman Randy 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Eukaryotes have evolved a multitrack transport process: the secretory pathway to route proteins to different destinations in a cell. Most cargo proteins originate on ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and exit from the ER in membrane vesicles. The cytosolic coat protein complex II (COPII) coat is responsible for cargo protein sorting and vesicle budding from the ER. For some cargo proteins, additional cytosolic proteins serve to assist the core COPII machinery. One such cargo protein is the Sac1 lipid phosphatase, whose packaging into COPII vesicles depends upon the phosphopeptide binding protein, 14-3-3. Sac1 is essential to regulate cell signaling, division, and transport processes. We suggest that the 14-3-3 protein serves a regulatory role in the packaging of Sac1 into COPII vesicles.
Arab Spring impact on executive education in Egypt
Authors: Wafa Dina 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the Arab Spring on public administration programs in Egypt, with a special focus on executive education programs.Design/methodology/approach– The study draws on stakeholder analysis, and uses both primary and secondary data.Findings– The author describes the impact of the Arab Spring on executive education in Egypt and methods of dealing with the crises.Research limitations/implications– Egypt is still in a phase of transition, which implies further changes are likely to occur in the current situation, which may be worthy of further study.Originality/value– This study provides an overview of the challenges to executive education in Egypt during its transitional period with an overview of the underlying opportunities.
Neighbouring behaviour, ethnic relations and informal control: a multigroup analysis
Authors: Hedayati Massoomeh , Abdullah Aldrin , Maghsoodi Tilaki Mohammad Javad 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of community organisation as part of the systemic model. Based on the systemic model of community crime, it is perceived that community networks are negatively correlated with victimisation. The authors consider an alternative interpretation, suggesting that these conceptual relationships can run opposite to the directions shown in the systemic model. The crime rate itself may change residents’ perception of neighbouring behaviour and informal control.

Design/methodology/approach
– This hypothesis is tested using a multigroup analysis of the community organisation across a sample of victims and non-victims in a Malaysian neighbourhood.

Findings
– The authors find that property crime affects ethnic relations among the residents, where the non-victims perceived higher levels of ethnic relationships compared with the victims. The results show that configural and metric invariance are fully supported, while scalar and structural invariance were partially supported, suggesting that the items measured may be robust across cultures and that the factor loadings appeared to be equivalent across victims and non-victims. Non-victims perceived significantly higher informal control and closer ethnic relations than victims.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a new direction of the systemic model, whereby victimisation could affect residents’ size of friendship networks and perception informal control.
A local case study of the crime decline
Authors: Clancey Garner 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the local dimensions of the “crime decline”.Design/methodology/approach– Two focus groups and 15 semi-structured interviews with local practitioners.Findings– Some offences have fallen significantly in the case study site in the last ten to 12 years. Local practitioners tended to explain these declines with reference to local services and programmes. These declines have potentially contributed to the reduction in crime prevention infrastructure and there is concern that funding will be reduced as crime falls.Research limitations/implications– The findings have been generated from a single case study site. While aspects of the findings resonate beyond the case study area, there are some characteristics of the site that limit the application of the findings to other areas.Practical implications– The findings from this research have few practical implications. The research sought to understand dimensions of local crime and the impact on local activities.Social implications– This research provides some insights into crime trends and local responses to crime. The findings will be of interest to crime prevention and community safety practitioners and policy makers.Originality/value– There has been little analysis of the impact of the “crime decline” on local communities and community safety infrastructure. Therefore this paper is original and adds to the growing knowledge of the “crime decline”.