bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of PEGylated chitosan on plasma etched PET fabrics surface properties
Authors: He Xuemei , Zhou Qingqing , Xie Kongliang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, PEGylated chitosan derivatives were prepared and used to modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics. PET fabrics surface were etched by oxygen plasma before different concentrations PEGylated chitosan derivatives solution treatment. The effects of oxygen plasma and PEGylated chitosan derivatives on the surface properties of PET fabrics are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Surface wettability was monitored by water contact angle measurement and moisture regains. The results showed that the occurrence of oxygen‐containing functional groups (i.e., CO, CO, and OH) of the plasma‐treated PET and the surface coarseness increased from those of the untreated one. There was a layer film formed on the surface of PET fabrics after PEGylated chitosan modification. The combination treatment of oxygen plasma with PEGylated chitosans lightly lowered the breaking strength and elongation of PET fabric. That moisture regains increased and the contact angle decreased implied the hydrophilicity enhancement for the PET fabrics. In addition, dyeing property of PEGylated chitosan derivative modified PET was improved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39693.
Bewertung unterschiedlicher Fassaden‐ konstruktionen unter Lebenszyklusaspekten mit einer Fallstudie Bürogebäude
Authors: Hasler Ewald , Huber Christian , Leindecker Herbert C. , Schrag Tobias , Stocker Emanuel , Wartha Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt die Erweiterung des Energieausweises durch eine ökonomische und ökologische Bewertung. Das prototypische Excel‐Tool wird “EnergieausweisPlus“ genannt. Anhand eines Beispiels an einem Referenzgebäude wird gezeigt, welche unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen die untersuchten Fassadenaufbauten im Lebenszyklus haben. Es werden die Ergebnisse von sechs verschiedenen Fassadentypen diskutiert. Damit wird auch aufgezeigt, dass bereits in einer sehr frühen Planungsphase Aspekte der Energieeffizienz ebenso wie ökologische und ökonomische Aspekte berücksichtigt werden können.Evalution of various façade constructions with regard to environmental impact and life cycle assessment LCA and office building case study. The paper discusses the extension of the energy performance certificate through an economic and ecological assessment. The prototypical Excel‐Tool is called “Energy Performance Certificate Plus”. Based on an example of a reference building the different effects in the life cycle of each studied façade construction is shown. The results of the six different façade types are discussed. In an early phase of planning a building it is possible to estimate aspects of energy as well as ecological and economical influences.
Chronopharmakologie
Authors: Lemmer Björn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie Ergebnisse der Grundlagenforschung zu Mechanismen und Regulation innerer Uhren und epidemiologische und klinisch‐chronopharmakologische Studien zeigen, dass biologische Rhythmen das Leben und Überleben aller Lebewesen ganz wesentlich steuern und dass der Faktor “Tageszeit” eine zunehmende Rolle in der Diagnose von Erkrankungen und der Pharmakotherapie spielt. Die innere Uhr hat antizipatorischen Charakter und ist für die Synchronisation der körpereigenen Rhythmen mit der physikalischen und sozialen 24‐Stunden‐Umwelt verantwortlich. Die Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft hat diesen Parameter nun auch in ihren Arzneiverordnungen berücksichtigt.
Vegetationsbrände in der Erdgeschichte
Authors: Uhl Dieter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFeuer sind seit dem Auftreten der ersten Landpflanzen im Oberen Silur vor etwa 425 Mio. Jahren ein natürlicher Faktor in der Biosphäre. Der Nachweis von fossilen Vegetationsbränden erfolgt durch Holzkohle oder charakteristische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, die bei Bränden entstehen. Neben dem Vorhandensein von Brennstoffen (=pflanzliche Biomasse) und Zündquellen (vor allem Blitze) wurde das Auftreten von Bränden in der Erdgeschichte auch von wechselnden Sauerstoffkonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre und von Klimaänderungen beeinflusst. Auch wenn unser Wissen über Feuer für manche Abschnitte der Erdgeschichte noch lückenhaft ist, können unsere Kenntnisse uns helfen zu verstehen, wie sich zukünftige Klimaänderungen auf die Feuerökologie heutiger Ökosysteme auswirken könnten.
Die großen Fische fressen die kleinen
Authors: Nellen Walter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie fischereibiologische Forschung ist in jüngerer Zeit verstärkt Fragen zur Funktion aquatischer Ökosysteme und dem Verlauf biologischer Prozesse nachgegangen. Nicht mehr die Möglichkeit der Ertragssteigerung von Einzelbeständen steht im Vordergrund, sondern die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Fischarten, ihren Beutetieren sowie ihren Konsumenten und der Fischerei. Dabei hat sich ein überraschend hoher Wegfraß von Fischen durch die Fische selbst gezeigt, der die Höhe der fischereilichen Anlandungen übertreffen kann. Die Sorge wegen des Verzehrs von Fischen durch aquatisch lebende Säugetiere und Vögel muss damit stark relativiert werden.
Auf Schatzsuche an der Nordseeküste
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNach Stürmen kann man am Nordsee‐Strand von St. Peter‐Ording, an der Spitze der Halbinsel Eiderstedt in Schleswig‐Holstein gelegen, mit guten Erfolgsaussichten nach Bernstein suchen. Im Spülsaum der 12 km langen Sandstrände findet sich je nach Wetterlage und Jahreszeit ein breites Spektrum von Nordsee‐Tieren und deren Überresten. Die Küstenlandschaft von St. Peter‐Ording ist mit Sandbänken, Watt, Salzmarschen und Dünen überaus strukturreich. Sie hat, auch bedingt durch ihre postglaziale Entstehungsgeschichte, recht große Ähnlichkeiten mit Barriere‐Inseln wie Sylt und Amrum. Die sehr naturnahen Salzmarschen und auch einige Bereiche der Dünen weisen eine bemerkenswerte Vegetation mit einigen sehr seltenen Pflanzen auf.
Sozialchromosomen bei Ameisen
Authors: Sander Johannes 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChromosomen, die über das Geschlecht eines Individuums entscheiden, sind seit langem bekannt. Bei Feuerameisen wurden jetzt Sozialchromosomen gefunden, die über das Sozialverhalten entscheiden: Je nach chromosomaler Ausstattung leben die Ameisen in Kolonien mit nur einer oder mit mehreren Königinnen.
Nachhaltiger konsumieren
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie interaktive Mitmach‐Experimental‐Ausstellung “KonsumKompass” am Zentrum für Umweltkommunikation in Osnabrück hat zum Ziel, dem Verbraucher eine kritische Reflexion seines aktuellen, nicht nachhaltigen Konsumverhaltens zu ermöglichen und ihm Handlungsoptionen aufzuzeigen.
Blicke in den Mikrokosmos – neue Mikroskopierstraße in Jena eröffnet
Authors: Hoßfeld Uwe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie im Mai eröffnete “Mikroskopierstraße für Schüler, Studenten und Lehrer” an der Universität Jena soll die praktische Ausbildung der Lehramtsstudierenden im Fach Biologie fördern und Schülern einen anschaulichen Biologieunterricht außerhalb des Klassenzimmers ermöglichen.
Wie funktioniert eigentlich ein Photometer?
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMithilfe der Photometrie können Konzentrationsbestimmungen in Lösungen kostengünstig, schnell und einfach vorgenommen werden. Hierbei bedient man sich der Tatsache, dass bestimmte gelöste Stoffe Licht in einer ganz charakteristischen Weise “verschlucken” können. Doch wie genau kommt denn der Photometer zu dem so genannten OD‐Wert, der am Ende im Display angezeigt wird?
Hormone profiling, WHO 2010 grading, and AJCC/UICC staging in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor behavior
Authors: Morin Emilie , Cheng Sonia , Mete Ozgur , Serra Stefano , Araujo Paula B. , Temple Sara , Cleary Sean , Gallinger Steven , Greig Paul D. , McGilvray Ian , Wei Alice , Asa Sylvia L. , Ezzat Shereen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are the second most common pancreatic neoplasms, exhibiting a complex spectrum of clinical behaviors. To examine the clinico‐pathological characteristics associated with long‐term prognosis we reviewed 119 patients with pNETs treated in a tertiary referral center using the WHO 2010 grading and the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer (AJCC/UICC) staging systems, with a median follow‐up of 38 months. Tumor size, immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiling and patient characteristics‐determining stage were analyzed. Primary clinical outcomes were disease progression or death. The mean age at presentation was 52 years; 55% were female patients, 11% were associated with MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) or VHL (Von Hippel–Lindau); mean tumor diameter was 3.3 cm (standard deviation, SD) (2.92). The clinical presentation was incidental in 39% with endocrine hypersecretion syndromes in only 24% of cases. Nevertheless, endocrine hormone tissue immunoreactivity was identified in 67 (56.3%) cases. According to WHO 2010 grading, 50 (42%), 38 (31.9%), and 3 (2.5%) of tumors were low grade (G1), intermediate grade (G2), and high grade (G3), respectively. Disease progression occurred more frequently in higher WHO grades (G1: 6%, G2: 10.5%, G3: 67%, P = 0.026) and in more advanced AJCC stages (I: 2%, IV: 63%, P = 0.033). Shorter progression free survival (PFS) was noted in higher grades (G3 vs. G2; 21 vs. 144 months; P = 0.015) and in more advanced AJCC stages (stage I: 218 months, IV: 24 months, P < 0.001). Liver involvement (20 vs. 173 months, P < 0.001) or histologically positive lymph nodes (33 vs. 208 months, P < 0.001) were independently associated with shorter PFS. Conversely, tissue endocrine hormone immunoreactivity, independent of circulating levels was significantly associated with less aggressive disease. Age, gender, number of primary tumors, and heredity were not significantly associated with prognosis. Although the AJCC staging and WHO 2010 grading systems are useful in predicting disease progression, tissue endocrine hormone profiling provides additional information of potentially important prognostic value.
High glucose‐mediated alterations of mechanisms important in myogenesis of mouse C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Grzelkowska‐Kowalczyk K. , Wieteska‐Skrzeczyńska W. , Grabiec K. , Tokarska J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have examined the progression and regulation of myogenesis, cellular levels of IGFBP‐4, ‐5, ‐6, and several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (fibronectin, integrin α5, β1 subunits and a disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM12) in murine C2C12 myoblasts during 3‐day differentiation under high glucose alone or combined with high insulin, factors characteristic for type 1 and 2 diabetes. High ambient glucose inhibited myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts, an effect manifested by a twofold decrease in myoblast fusion, a drop in intracellular MyoD, myogenin and MHC levels, and increased cellular content of active myostatin isoform. Reduction in myogenesis by high glucose is accompanied by increase in cellular levels of IGFBP‐4 and ‐6 and decrease in IGFBP‐5. High glucose could modify ECM components assembly, by the increase in fibronectin levels and the decrease in metalloprotease ADAM12, without the effect on integrin α5 and β1 subunits. In contrast, high glucose and high insulin activate myoblast differentiation, manifested by an increase in fusion index and myogenin, as well as a drop in myostatin levels. The presence of high insulin prevented high‐glucose‐dependent changes in IGFBPs and ECM proteins. The data indicate the potential mechanisms of the influence of extracellular environment associated with maternal diabetes and insulin resistance on foetal myogenesis.
Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cell‐line HUES9 to dopaminergic neurons in a serum‐free defined culture niche
Authors: Datta Indrani , Ganapathy Kavina , Tattikota Surendra Mohan , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough there are several reports on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to dopaminergic neurons, notable heterogeneity exists in the reported yields of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive cells. For benchmarking performance and efficiency standards in future applications of hESC‐derived dopaminergic neurons, there is thus a dire need of well‐defined directed differentiation protocols. Pal et al. [Pal et al. 2009 Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 234:1230–3] demonstrated predisposition of HUES9 towards ectodermal lineage, but the directed differentiation of HUES9 to dopaminergic neurons has not yet been reported. Therefore, we report here a simple two‐step protocol using suitable ECM and serum‐free induction medium for generating dopaminergic cells from HUES9‐derived embryoid bodies. Flow cytometry analysis of the neural progenitors obtained after the first step gave an enriched yield of cells immune‐positive for nestin (99.6 ± 0.1%), musashi12 (98.1 ± 1.5%) and Sox2 (95.4 ± 2.6%). Most of these cells also expressed the proliferation marker Ki67 (83.8 ± 1.5%), whereas the presence of the undifferentiated stem cell marker Oct4 was negligible. In the second step, when these neural progenitors were exposed to midbrain cues sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor 8 along with bFGF, the differentiated cells showed an upregulation of dopaminergic‐related transcription factors Nurr1 and Engrailed1. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis showed that these differentiated cells were positive for the mature neuronal marker Map2ab (96.2 ± 1.5%) and dopaminergic neuronal marker TH (71.9 ± 4.4%). Thus, the data demonstrate novel findings of the directed differentiation of HUES9 to dopaminergic neurons using well‐defined serum‐free nutrient supplements.
Drosophila splicing factor SF2 knock‐down mutant shows altered cell‐cycle in vivo
Authors: Dubatolova Tatiana D. , Volkova Elena I. , Omelyanchuk Leonid V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPioneering single gene study documents pre‐mRNA processing proteins participation in the cell‐cycle regulation of multi‐cellular animals (Andersen and Tapon, 2008, J Biol Chem 283: 31256–67). Whole‐genome RNAi screen in Drosophila tissue‐culture cell lines demonstrates that 17 genes involved in RNA‐processing are required for G2/M check‐point function (Kondo and Perrimon, 2011, Sci Signal 4: rs1). In particular, the silencing of Splicing Factor 2 (SF2) increases the number of G2(M) cells. We have measured the absolute duration of cell‐cycle phases in SF2 depleted flies with the use of flow cytometry and growth parameters of GFP marked mosaic clones. For SF2 mutant cells, G1 = 1.89 h, G2(M) = 7.22 h and S = 1.30 h compared with G1 = 2.25 h, G2(M) = 4.86 h and S = 1.28 h for control normal cells. Thus, G2(M) phase appears to be longer in SF2 silenced cells, supporting the evidence that this splicing protein participates in G2‐M check‐point function.
Effect of treadmill running on the expression of genes that are involved in neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of adult male rats
Authors: Mojtahedi Shima , Kordi Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Seyed Ebrahim , Omran Simin Fallah , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGene expression in the rodent brain is dependent on exercise. However, our findings regarding this fact are inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise intensity on changes in factors involved in neuronal differentiation and plasticity in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Thus, the effects of 2 weeks treadmill running at of low (11 m/min) and high (25 m/min) intensities, 30 min/day for 14 consecutive days on the expression of two genes, microRNA‐124 and neuron‐restrictive silencer factor/RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) as well as changes of two proteins of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) were analysed. Using quantitative real‐time PCR techniques have shown that both exercise intensities reduced the expression of REST (31% in low exercise intensity, 52% in high exercise intensity) and elevated the expression of miR‐124 (3.8‐fold in low exercise intensity, 11.9‐fold in high exercise intensity) significantly (P ≤ 0.05). This suggests that exercise probably through the changes in these genes is involved in neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of rats. BDNF and TrkB levels were measured by ELISA. Exercise, at low intensity, increased TrkB (4.51 ng/L vs. 3.73 ng/L) and BDNF (11.97 ng/L vs. 11.08 ng/L) proteins significantly (P ≤ 0.05), while at high intensity, the changes in comparison with the control group were not significant. Expression levels during the exercise programme with high intensity were dramatic for miR‐124 and less dramatic for REST compared with low intensity exercise programme.
Expression and biological function of programmed death ligands in human placenta mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Zhang Siying , Wang Feifei , Li Guangyun , Zhang Lixia , Luan Xiying 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in tissue regeneration due to their self‐renewal, multilineage differentiation and immunosuppression abilities. MSCs can be isolated from various kinds of tissue, such as umbilical cord, cord blood and placenta. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) possess stronger immunosuppressive properties, such as the ability to inhibit T‐cell activation and proliferation, than human bone marrow MSCs. We have investigated that the roles of the programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) in hPMSC adhesion, migration and immunosuppression were investigated. PDL1 and PDL2 were highly expressed by hPMSCs. Knockdown of PDL1 and/or PDL2 by siRNA increased hPMSC adhesion, but greatly decreasing migration. PDL1 and PDL2 expressed on hPMSCs inhibited T‐cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle. Knockdown of PDL1 and/or PDL2 in hPMSCs, however, had no effect on the expression of CD69, a T‐cell early activation marker found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subsets. In summary, the roles of the negative co‐stimulators PDL1 and PDL2 is on the adhesion, migration and immunosuppression of hPMSCs. These findings may be useful regarding the potential use of hPMSCs in clinical cell.
Adventitial fibroblasts from apoE(−/−) mice exhibit the characteristics of transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts
Authors: Xu Fang , Liu Ying , Hu Weicheng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are the main cell type in the adventitia, however, their role in atherosclerosis remains unclear. We have investigate the role of AFs in atherosclerotic lesion formation by comparing the characteristics of AFs from apoE(−/−) to C57BL/6 mice. A minority of AFs from apoE(−/−) mice expressed α‐SM‐actin, but no α‐SM‐actin‐positive cells were found in AFs from C57BL/6 mice. The content of total collagens, and the mRNA levels of collagen I and collagen III in AFs of apoE(−/−) mice, were higher than in C57BL/6 mice. AFs from apoE(−/−) mice proliferate and migrate faster, and synthesized more TGF‐β1, MCP‐1, and PDGF‐b AFs from apoE(−/−) mice have the characteristics of transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, including enhanced proliferation and migration, along with synthesis of collagens and cytokines compared to AFs from C57BL/6 mice. The histological and functional characteristics of AFs may contribute to early atherosclerotic lesion formation.
Asymmetric cytokinesis guide the development of pseudomonads inRhynchospora pubera(Cyperaceae)
Authors: San Martin Juca Abramo Barrera , de Jesus Andrade Celia Guadalupe Tardeli , Mastroberti Alexandra Antunes , de Araújo Mariath Jorge Ernesto , Vanzela André Luís Laforga 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe late stages of microsporogenesis in the family Cyperaceae are marked by the formation of an asymmetrical tetrad, degeneration of three of the four nuclei resulting from meiosis and the formation of pseudomonads. In order to understand the cytological changes involved in the development of pseudomonads, a combination of 11 different techniques (conventional staining, cytochemistry procedures, immunofluorescence, FISH and transmission electron microscopy: TEM) were used to study the later stages of microsporogenesis inRhynchospora pubera. The results demonstrated the occurrence of two cytoplasmic domains in the pseudomonads, one functional and the other degenerative, which are physically and asymmetrically separated by cell plate with an endomembrane system rich in polysaccharides. Other changes associated with endomembrane behaviour were observed, such as a large number of lipid droplets, vacuoles containing electron‐dense material and concentric layers of endoplasmic reticulum. Concomitant with the isolation of degenerative nuclei, the tapetal cells also showed evidence of degeneration, indicating that both tissues under programmed cell death (PCD), as indicated by immunofluorescence and TEM procedures. The results are significant because they associate cellular polarisation and asymmetry with different cytoplasmic domains, and hence open new possibilities for studying cellular compartmentalisation and PCD.
Dopaminergic cells, derived from a high efficiency differentiation protocol from umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells, alleviate symptoms in a Parkinson's disease rodent model
Authors: Shetty Prathibha , Thakur Anirban M. , Viswanathan Chandra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be an alternative to foetal cells in the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously demonstrated the functional efficacy of the undifferentiated bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) cultured in a xenofree conditions in PD animal models. We now demonstrate isolation of MSCs from the umbilical cord matrix tissue and assess their safety and efficacy to improve Parkinsonian symptoms in an in vivo animal model. The efficacy of MSCs from BM and umbilical cord in the PD animal mode has also been studied, and more importantly the efficacy of using differentiated UCMSC (D‐UCMSCs) to dopaminergic phenotype. Phenotypically, UCMSCs expressed higher levels of SSEA4 compared to BMMSCs. Analysis of differentiated cells showed that D‐UCMSCs expressed significant levels of Tyrosine Hydroxyalse and Nurr1 compared to D‐BMMSCs. The in vivo efficacy of the differentiated and undifferentiated cell types in the Parkinsonian rats showed that D‐UCMSCs improved the symptoms throughout a year of study. Differentiated cell types are potentially better for clinical use than the undifferentiated type, provided they are made available at the site of action in adequate numbers. MSCs are less immunogenic and immunomodulatory, which opens up the further possibility of using these cells in allogeneic settings. This could be a novel cell therapy application, especially when getting autochthonous cells is difficult.