bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rickshaws and Filipinos: Transnational Meanings of Technology and Labor in American-Occupied Manila
Authors: Pante Michael D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article tells the hitherto unknown history of the rickshaw in the Philippines. The Filipinos’ encounter with this transport mode was brief and largely revolved around a failed rickshaw business in Manila in 1902. The venture quickly fizzled out, but not without controversy, deeply rooted in the colliding socio-political forces in the city at that time: the reliance on a non-motorized transport system; the consolidation of American colonial rule against the backdrop of an ongoing revolution; the birth of the first Filipino labor federation; and the implementation of a law banning the employment of Chinese workers from unskilled trades. The controversy turned the rickshaw into a disputed symbol. On the one hand, the rickshaw enterprise was criticized by Filipino carriage drivers and nationalist labor leaders, who viewed the vehicle as an essentially foreign apparatus that would enslave Filipinos. On the other hand, the Americans used the Filipinos’ opposition to the rickshaw to prove the supposed un-modernity of the lazy native workers, who failed to grasp the idea of the dignity of labor. These disputes were inextricably linked to the clash of discourses between Filipino nationalism and colonial modernity, two competing perspectives both influenced by a comparative transnational frame.
Walk the talk, don't eat it: a call for sustainable seafood leadership from marine scientists
Authors: KLEIN CARISSA JOY , FERRARI RENATA 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYFisheries stocks are rapidly declining around the world. A reduction in the consumption of unsustainable seafood may help curb this decline. Sustainable seafood consumption is not commonplace, even in the marine science and conservation community. The frequency of unsustainable and/or unlabelled seafood at marine science and conservation meetings motivates this enquiry and call for leadership. Information about the species served and where they were caught/farmed was obtained for seven marine ecology and conservation meetings held in Australia, attended by c. 4000 people from around the world. Menu item sustainability was assessed according to the relevant sustainable seafood guide, which considered stock status and impact of fishing/aquaculture method. Seafood was served at all meetings; four meetings served at least one unsustainable species, and only two meetings served a sustainable species. Additional leadership by marine scientists, especially conservationists, is urgently required to turn science into action and ensure that sustainable seafood is available, not only at meetings, but more widely, to achieve a positive conservation outcome.
Molecular pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia revealed by exome sequencing, developmental data, and bioinformatics
Authors: Longoni Mauro , High Frances A. , Russell Meaghan K. , Kashani Alireza , Tracy Adam A. , Coletti Caroline M. , Hila Regis , Shamia Ahmed , Wells Julie , Ackerman Kate G. , Wilson Jay M. , Bult Carol J. , Lee Charles , Lage Kasper , Pober Barbara R. , Donahoe Patricia K. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect associated with high morbidity and mortality. Focusing on the coding sequence of 51 genes, discovered in human studies and in mouse models, we studied 275 CDH patients and identified multiple variants in CDH-causing genes. Information on gene expression in embryonic mouse diaphragms and protein interactions allowed us to prioritize additional compelling CDH-associated genes. We believe that an improved understanding of the genetics of CDH will be important to design new therapeutic strategies for patients with diaphragmatic defects.
Episodic star formation in a group of LAEs at z = 5.07
Authors: Rodríguez Espinosa J. M. , González-Martín O. , Castro Rodríguez N. , Pérez-González P. G. , Mas-Hesse J.M. , Muñoz-Tuñón C. , Cava A. , Cardiel N. , Cabrera Lavers A. , Gallego J. , Hernán Caballero A. , Herrera Ruiz N. , Ramírez Olivencia N. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We are undertaking a search for high-redshift low-luminosity Lyman Alpha sources in the SHARDS (Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources) survey. Among the pre-selected Lyman Alpha sources two candidates were spotted, located 3.19 arcsec apart, and tentatively at the same redshift. Here, we report on the spectroscopic confirmation with Gran Telescopio Canarias of the Lyman Alpha emission from this pair of galaxies at a confirmed spectroscopic redshifts of z=5.07. Furthermore, one of the sources is interacting/merging with another close companion that looks distorted. Based on the analysis of the spectroscopy and additional photometric data, we infer that most of the stellar mass of these objects was assembled in a burst of star formation 100 Myr ago. A more recent burst (2 Myr old) is necessary to account for the measured Lyman Alpha flux. We claim that these two galaxies are good examples of Lyman Alpha sources undergoing episodic star formation. Besides, these sources very likely constitute a group of interacting Lyman Alpha emitters (LAEs).
First Report of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot Disease in Pepper in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Jibrin M. O. , Timilsina S. , Potnis N. , Minsavage G. V. , Shenge K. C. , Akpa A. D. , Alegbejo M. D. , Beed F. , Vallad G. E. , Jones J. B. 
Published: August 2014

Bacterial spot (BS) has been reported as an important disease on pepper in Nigeria (4). Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria was identified as the causal agent using phenotypic and pathogenicity tests; however, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria is a synonym for two genetically distinct groups that have been elevated to the species X. euvesicatoria and X. vesicatoria (2). Furthermore, the latter two species and X. gardneri cause similar diseases on pepper (2). In order to determine the species associated with BS on pepper, leaves with irregular, dark brown lesions were collected from pepper plants in fields from northwestern Nigeria, and isolations were made on nutrient agar (NA). Yellow, mucoid colonies typical of Xanthomonas were isolated. Six strains isolated from pepper were determined to be non-amylolytic. For race determinations, bacterial suspensions of the pepper strains, derived from 24-h cultures grown on NA at 28°C, were adjusted to 108 CFU/ml and infiltrated into leaves of tomato and pepper differential genotypes (5). The six pepper strains elicited HRs on the tomato differential genotypes. The strains produced a susceptible reaction on all pepper differentials and were designated as pepper race 6 (5). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using six housekeeping genes (fusA, lacF, gyrB, gltA, gapA, and lepA) was used to further analyze the strains (1) (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ938585 to KJ938587, KJ938592 to KJ938594, KJ938599 to KJ938601, KJ938606 to KJ938608, KJ938633 to KJ938635, and KJ938640 to KJ938642). A partial sequence of hrpB2 was also sequenced since the four Xanthomonas species associated with BS can be differentiated based on sequence divergence (3) (KJ938622 to KJ938627). The housekeeping gene sequences were aligned along with other Xanthomonas sequences imported from the NCBI database using muscle tool from MEGA software, 5.2.2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees constructed for the six housekeeping gene sequences individually and in concatenation revealed that the Nigerian pepper strains were identical to the X. euvesicatoria reference strain 85-10. Although BS is common in Nigeria, to our knowledge, this represents the first report for this pepper pathogen in Nigeria. References: (1) N. F. Almeida et al. Phytopathology 100:208, 2010. (3) J. B. Jones et al. System Appl. Microbiol. 27:755, 2004. (4) A. Obradovic et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 88:736, 2004. (2) E. U. Opara and F. J. Odibo. J. Mol. Gen. 1:35, 2009. (5) R. E. Stall et al. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47:265, 2009.
Growth of Primary and Lateral Roots of Vicia faba L. in the Solution of Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Pyshnov Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe presence of calcium sulfate in cultivating solution prevents bacterial contamination, browning/lignification and the death of the roots. There is no need for surface sterilization of seeds. No other ingredients, beside calcium sulfate, are needed for the healthy growth of the primary and lateral roots. There is no need to change the solution for several weeks when up to 60 lateral roots per seed can appear.A modification of the two-stage growing technique where the seeds are first suspended in moist air over the cultivating solution to grow primary roots, and then, the primary roots are covered with the cultivating solution to grow lateral roots, was used.The hypothesis is put forward that primary roots actually need water as a liquid to expel air, as the air is probably preventing the appearance of lateral roots.
Dynamics of Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism Induction and Protein Relocalization during the Dark-to-Light Transition in Synchronized Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Mitchell Madeline C. , Meyer Moritz T. , Griffiths Howard 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is induced under low CO2 in the light and comprises active inorganic carbon transport components, carbonic anhydrases, and aggregation of Rubisco in the chloroplast pyrenoid. Previous studies have focused predominantly on asynchronous cultures of cells grown under low versus high CO2. Here, we have investigated the dynamics of CCM activation in synchronized cells grown in dark/light cycles compared with induction under low CO2. The specific focus was to undertake detailed time course experiments comparing physiology and gene expression during the dark-to-light transition. First, the CCM could be fully induced 1 h before dawn, as measured by the photosynthetic affinity for inorganic carbon. This occurred in advance of maximum gene transcription and protein accumulation and contrasted with the coordinated induction observed under low CO2. Between 2 and 1 h before dawn, the proportion of Rubisco and the thylakoid lumen carbonic anhydrase in the pyrenoid rose substantially, coincident with increased CCM activity. Thus, other mechanisms are likely to activate the CCM before dawn, independent of gene transcription of known CCM components. Furthermore, this study highlights the value of using synchronized cells during the dark-to-light transition as an alternative means of investigating CCM induction.
The ABC Transporter ABCG1 Is Required for Suberin Formation in Potato Tuber Periderm
Authors: Landgraf Ramona , Smolka Ulrike , Altmann Simone , Eschen-Lippold Lennart , Senning Melanie , Sonnewald Sophia , Weigel Benjamin , Frolova Nadezhda , Strehmel Nadine , Hause Gerd , Scheel Dierk , Böttcher Christoph , Rosahl Sabine 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The lipid biopolymer suberin plays a major role as a barrier both at plant-environment interfaces and in internal tissues, restricting water and nutrient transport. In potato (Solanum tuberosum), tuber integrity is dependent on suberized periderm. Using microarray analyses, we identified ABCG1, encoding an ABC transporter, as a gene responsive to the pathogen-associated molecular pattern Pep-13. Further analyses revealed that ABCG1 is expressed in roots and tuber periderm, as well as in wounded leaves. Transgenic ABCG1-RNAi potato plants with downregulated expression of ABCG1 display major alterations in both root and tuber morphology, whereas the aerial part of the ABCG1-RNAi plants appear normal. The tuber periderm and root exodermis show reduced suberin staining and disorganized cell layers. Metabolite analyses revealed reduction of esterified suberin components and hyperaccumulation of putative suberin precursors in the tuber periderm of RNA interference plants, suggesting that ABCG1 is required for the export of suberin components.
Acute Fatal Upper Airway Obstruction from an Occult Cavernous Hemangioma of the Larynx
Authors: Kiho Liina , Byard Roger W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA 42‐year‐old previously well man collapsed while holding his throat. Resuscitation was unsuccessful, and at autopsy, the most significant findings were limited to the larynx, pharynx, and anterior mediastinum where there were multinodular dark blue tumors. Within the larynx, the lower border of the tumor was well demarcated, not extending beyond the vocal cords. A separate large polypoidal tumor mass was attached to the right aryepiglottic fold by a thin fibrous stalk. Histologic examination revealed numerous large, thin‐walled cavernous‐type vascular spaces typical of a multifocal cavernous hemangioma. Death was due to asphyxiation from obstruction of the upper airways by a cavernous hemangioma of the larynx. Adult laryngeal hemangiomas are rare and are usually supraglottic. This case demonstrates that pedunculated laryngeal cavernous hemangiomas may remain occult until the initiation of an obstructive episode with sudden collapse and death. In such instances, the diagnosis must rely upon an autopsy examination.
The Use of Decision Trees and Naïve Bayes Algorithms and Trace Element Patterns for Controlling the Authenticity of Free‐Range‐Pastured Hens’ Eggs
Authors: Barbosa Rommel Melgaço , Nacano Letícia Ramos , Freitas Rodolfo , Batista Bruno Lemos , Barbosa Fernando 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article aims to evaluate 2 machine learning algorithms, decision trees and naïve Bayes (NB), for egg classification (free‐range eggs compared with battery eggs). The database used for the study consisted of 15 chemical elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) determined in 52 eggs samples (20 free‐range and 32 battery eggs) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrated that decision trees and NB associated with the mineral contents of eggs provide a high level of accuracy (above 80% and 90%, respectively) for classification between free‐range and battery eggs and can be used as an alternative method for adulteration evaluation.
Synthetic biology approaches to improve biocatalyst identification in metagenomic library screening
Authors: Guazzaroni María‐Eugenia , Silva‐Rocha Rafael , Ward Richard John 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThere is a growing demand for enzymes with improved catalytic performance or tolerance to process‐specific parameters, and biotechnology plays a crucial role in the development of biocatalysts for use in industry, agriculture, medicine and energy generation. Metagenomics takes advantage of the wealth of genetic and biochemical diversity present in the genomes of microorganisms found in environmental samples, and provides a set of new technologies directed towards screening for new catalytic activities from environmental samples with potential biotechnology applications. However, biased and low level of expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli together with the use of non‐optimal cloning vectors for the construction of metagenomic libraries generally results in an extremely low success rate for enzyme identification. The bottleneck arising from inefficient screening of enzymatic activities has been addressed from several perspectives; however, the limitations related to biased expression in heterologous hosts cannot be overcome by using a single approach, but rather requires the synergetic implementation of multiple methodologies. Here, we review some of the principal constraints regarding the discovery of new enzymes in metagenomic libraries and discuss how these might be resolved by using synthetic biology methods.
Relationship between mid‐trimester ultrasound fetal liver length measurements and gestational diabetes mellitus 妊娠中期三个月超声测量的胎儿肝脏长度与妊娠期糖尿病之间的关系
Authors: Perovic Milan , Gojnic Miroslava , Arsic Biljana , Pantic Igor , Stefanovic Tomislav , Kovacevic Gordana , Kovacevic Milica , Garalejic Eliana , Dugalic Stefan , Radakovic Jovana , Babic Uros , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mid‐trimester ultrasound fetal liver length (FLL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a high‐risk population.MethodsA prospective study was performed in 331 women with singleton pregnancies who were at high risk of GDM and were undergoing a mid‐trimester ultrasound examination. The ultrasound scan at 23 weeks gestation was followed by a 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24 weeks gestation. Correlations between FLL and OGTT results at different time points were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of FLL as a potential prognostic factor for GDM was also performed.ResultsIn GDM patients, there was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between FLL and OGTT glycemia immediately before and 60, 120, and 180 min after glucose intake. Mean FLL in GDM was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (41.04 vs 31.09 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). When tested as a potential prognostic factor for GDM, fetal liver measurements showed excellent diagnostic performance. The ROC analysis established a cut‐off value of FLL of 39 mm for the prediction GDM, with sensitivity of 71.76%, specificity 97.56%, positive predictive value 91.0%, and negative predictive value 90.9%. The usefulness of FLL measurements was supported by a high area under the ROC curve (90.5%).ConclusionIn conclusion, there is a strong correlation between FLL and OGTT results, with FLL possibly serving as a valid marker for the prediction of GDM in high‐risk populations.
Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces β‐arrestin2‐mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Gaval‐Cruz Meriem , Goertz Richard B. , Puttick Daniel J. , Bowles Dawn E. , Meyer Rebecca C. , Hall Randy A. , Ko Daijin , Paladini Carlos A. , Weinshenker David 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCocaine blocks plasma membrane monoamine transporters and increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5‐HT). The addictive properties of cocaine are mediated primarily by DA, while NE and 5‐HT play modulatory roles. Chronic inhibition of dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA to NE, increases the aversive effects of cocaine and reduces cocaine use in humans, and produces behavioral hypersensitivity to cocaine and D2 agonism in rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We found a decrease in β‐arrestin2 (βArr2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following chronic genetic or pharmacological DBH inhibition, and overexpression of βArr2 in the NAc normalized cocaine‐induced locomotion in DBH knockout (Dbh −/−) mice. The D2/3 agonist quinpirole decreased excitability in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from control, but not Dbh −/− animals, where instead there was a trend for an excitatory effect. The Gαi inhibitor NF023 abolished the quinpirole‐induced decrease in excitability in control MSNs, but had no effect in Dbh −/− MSNs, whereas the Gαs inhibitor NF449 restored the ability of quinpirole to decrease excitability in Dbh −/− MSNs, but had no effect in control MSNs. These results suggest that chronic loss of noradrenergic tone alters behavioral responses to cocaine via decreases in βArr2 and cellular responses to D2/D3 activation, potentially via changes in D2‐like receptor G‐protein coupling in NAc MSNs.
Toxic uncertainties of a nuclear era: Anthropology, history, memoir
Authors: GOLDSTEIN DONNA M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNew narratives of toxic contamination are expanding and challenging our ethnographic sensibilities. In confronting the contamination left behind from the Cold War period, a range of disciplinary approaches, methods, and writing styles is necessary. Ethnography plays a crucial role here, but it cannot fly solo in these sorts of projects. In this review essay, I compare three books from authors belonging to distinct scholarly traditions, each one dealing with complicated cases of radioactive contamination that began in the Cold War era and that demand rethinking in the contemporary one. Anthropologists have much to learn from approaches pursued in other disciplines, particularly if the end goal is a more holistic portrait of contamination and toxicity.
Real‐time in vivo periprostatic nerve tracking using multiphoton microscopy in a rat survival surgery model: a promising pre‐clinical study for enhanced nerve‐sparing surgery
Authors: Durand Matthieu , Jain Manu , Aggarwal Amit , Robinson Brian D. , Srivastava Abhishek , Smith Rebecca , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Loeffler Joyce , Pumill Chris , Amiel Jean , Chevallier Daniel , Mukherjee Sushmita , Tewari Ashutosh K. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the ability of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to visualise, differentiate and track periprostatic nerves in an in vivo rat model, mimicking real‐time imaging in humans during RP and to investigate the tissue toxicity and reproducibility of in vivo MPM on prostatic glands in the rat after imaging and final histological correlation study.Materials and MethodsIn vivo prostatic rat imaging was carried out using a custom‐built bench‐top MPM system generating real‐time three‐dimensional histological images, after performing survival surgery consisting of mini‐laparotomies under xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia exteriorising the right prostatic lobe. The acquisition time and the depth of anaesthesia were adjusted for collecting multiple images in order to track the periprostatic nerves in real‐time. The rats were then monitored for 15 days before undergoing a new set of imaging under similar settings. After humanely killing the rats, their prostates were submitted for routine histology and correlation studies.ResultsIn vivo MPM images distinguished periprostatic nerves within the capsule and the prostatic glands from fresh unprocessed prostatic tissue without the use of exogenous contrast agents or biopsy sample. Real‐time nerve tracking outlining the prostate was feasible and acquisition was not disturbed by motion artefacts. No serious adverse event was reported during rat monitoring; no tissue damage due to laser was seen on the imaged lobe compared with the contralateral lobe (control) allowing comparison of their corresponding histology.ConclusionsFor the first time, we have shown that in vivo tracking of periprostatic nerves using MPM is feasible in a rat model. Development of a multiphoton endoscope for intraoperative use in humans is currently in progress and must be assessed.