bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Bow-Echo Simulation to Microphysical Parameterizations
Authors: Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , van den Heever Susan C. , Johnson Richard H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The sensitivity of a case study bow-echo simulation to eight different microphysical schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model was tested, with a focus on graupel parameter characteristics. The graupel parameter in one scheme was modified to have a larger mean size and faster fall speed to represent hail (“hail like”). The goal of the study was to measure the sensitivity of five parameters that are important to operational forecasters to graupel properties: timing of bowing development, system speed, wind gusts, system areal coverage, and accumulated precipitation.
The time each system initiated bowing varied by as much as 105 min. Simulations containing graupel with smaller mean size and slower fall speed (“graupel like”) bowed earlier due to increased microphysical cooling and stronger cold pools. These same systems had reduced precipitation efficiency, producing a peak storm-total accumulation of 36 mm, compared to a hail-like peak value of 237 mm, and observed a peak value of 53 mm. Faster-falling hail-like hydrometeors reached the surface with minimal melting, producing the largest accumulations. Graupel-like systems had 10-m wind gusts 73% stronger compared to hail-like systems, due to stronger low-level downdrafts. Systems with a smaller mean graupel size were 19% faster, also due to increased microphysical cooling. The size of the convective region varied by 150%, although this was partially due to scheme differences other than the graupel parameter.
The significant differences in bow-echo characteristics produced by graupel property variations in convective-resolving models emphasize careful microphysical parameterization design. These sensitivities have forecasting implications, as graupel characteristics vary depending on the ambient environment and other factors. Detailed observations of graupel properties are recommended.
Border Enforcement at Family Sites
Authors: Sanmiguel-Valderrama Olga 
Published: June 2013

Border securitization and escalating detentions and deportations in the United States fall almost entirely on immigrant manual laborers from Mexico and Central America. Deportees face the possible permanent termination of their parental rights as their children are placed by child welfare agencies in adoptive or foster homes in the United States. This practice is embedded in a political economic and institutional legal framework that promotes forced family separation and neoracism by categorizing people by race, nationality, immigration status, income, language, and disability. It is reminiscent of racist practices of the past such as residential boarding schools designed to separate children from their aboriginal parents and communities. El control fronterizo y al auge de detenciones y deportaciones en los Estados Unidos afectan principalmente a la mano de obra inmigrante de México y Centroamérica. Los deportados enfrentan el cese definitivo del derecho a sus hijos, mientras éstos se asignan por el Estado a hogares adoptivos o de crianza en los Estados Unidos. Esta práctica se origina en las políticas económicas y un marco jurídico que promueve la separación familiar forzada y el neoracismo al categorizar a las personas según la raza, nacionalidad, estado migratorio, ingreso, idioma, y discapacidad. Estas prácticas racistas nos recuerdan aquellas del pasado como las escuelas residenciales de internados diseñadas a separar a los hijos de sus padres, madres y comunidades indígenas.
Hearing Thresholds and fMRI of Auditory Cortex Following Eighth Cranial Nerve Surgery
Authors: Burton Harold , Firszt Jill B. , Holden Timothy 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveDetermine whether auditory cortex (AC) organization changed following eighth cranial nerve surgery in adults with vestibular‐cochlear nerve pathologies. We examined whether hearing thresholds before and after surgery correlated with increased ipsilateral activation of AC from the intact ear.Study DesignDuring magnetic resonance imaging sessions before and 3 and 6 months after surgery, subjects listened with the intact ear to noise‐like random spectrogram sounds.SettingDepartments of Radiology and Otolaryngology of Washington University School of Medicine.Subjects and MethodsThree patients with acoustic neuromas received Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GK); 1 patient with Meniere's disease and 5 with acoustic neuromas had surgical resections (SR); 2 of the latter also had GK. Hearing thresholds in each ear were for pure tone stimuli from 250 to 8000 Hz before and after surgery (3 and 6 months). At the same intervals, we imaged blood oxygen level–dependent responses to auditory stimulation of the intact ear using an interrupted single‐event design.ResultsHearing thresholds in 2 of 3 individuals treated with GK did not change. Five of 6 individuals became unilaterally deaf after SRs. Ipsilateral AC activity was present before surgery in 6 of 9 individuals with ipsilateral spatial extents greater than contralateral in 3 of 9. Greater contralateral predominance was significant especially in left compared to right ear affected individuals, including those treated by GK.ConclusionLateralization of auditory‐evoked responses in AC did not change significantly after surgery possibly due to preexisting sensory loss before surgery, indicating that less than profound loss may prompt cortical reorganization.
Effect of Pharmacy Practice Program on Pharmacy Student Learning, Satisfaction, and Efficiency
Authors: Zeitoun Abeer A. , El Zein Hiyam L. , Zeineddine Maya M. 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: The Lebanese American University (LAU) offers first-year pharmacy students with Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) courses comprising various activities that provide students with direct patient contact so that they can be geared up for “real-world” pharmacy practice. Routine assessment and improvement in these courses are imperative to ensure efficiency of these courses. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of our IPPEs courses, determine its impact on student learning and satisfaction, and identify shortcomings in the program for quality improvement purposes. Methods: A literature review-based questionnaire, consisting of 76 questions with a response options following a 4-point scale (strongly agree = 4 to strongly disagree = 1), was completed by 92 first professional year pharmacy students who finished their hospital and community IPPE at LAU. Results: The students reported a high degree of satisfaction in community and hospital sites in terms of site selection, program schedule, site and school preceptors, and overall satisfaction with the experience. Compared to the hospital setting, students practicing in the community reported significantly higher scores in overall satisfaction. Besides the high satisfaction rate, our results identified improvement measures in some aspects of the program. Conclusion: Our IPPE program serves as a successful experiential learning for pharmacy students.
Feline Viral Papillomatosis
Authors: Egberink Herman , Thiry Etienne , Möstl Karin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic and cause cutaneous lesions in man and several animal species, including cats. Infection: Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin. Species-specific viruses have been detected but human and bovine related sequences have also been found, suggesting cross-species transmission. Clinical signs: In cats, papillomaviruses are associated with four different skin lesions: hyperkeratotic plaques, which can progress into Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) and further to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs); cutaneous fibropapillomas or feline sarcoids; and cutaneous papillomas. However, papillomaviruses have also been found in normal skin. Diagnosis: Papillomavirus-induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by demonstration of papillomavirus antigen in biopsies of skin lesions, or detection of papillomavirus-like particles by electron microscopy and papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment: Spontaneous regression might be expected. In cases of ISCC, complete excision should be considered if possible.
Leptospira Species Infection in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Egberink Herman , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Lloret Albert , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease affecting a variety of domestic and wild animals as well as humans worldwide. Leptospirosis has been reported in over 150 mammalian species. It is considered an emerging infectious disease in humans and in dogs. Subclinically infected wild and domestic animals serve as reservoir hosts and are a potential source of infection for incidental hosts and humans. Infection: Reports of leptospirosis in cats are rare, but the importance of cats shedding Leptospira species and serving as a source of infection has recently gained attention. Leptospira species antibodies are commonly present in the feline population, and Leptospira species shedding of cats with outdoor exposure has been demonstrated. Cats mostly become infected through transmission from hunting rodents. Significance: The role of healthy carrier cats as a source of contamination, as well as the role of leptospires as a pathogen in cats, are likely underestimated.
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Toxoplasma gondii infection is common in cats, but the clinical disease is rare. Up to 50% of cats, especially free-roaming ones, have antibodies indicating infection and the presence of cystic stages. Disease signs: Clinical signs only appear in few cats when they become immunosuppressed – in these situations cystic stages can be reactivated. Commonly affected are the central nervous system (CNS), muscles, lungs and eyes. Human infection: Cats can pose a risk for humans when they shed oocysts. However, this happens only once in their lifetime, usually only for 3–10 days after ingestion of tissue cysts. Thus, cats that have antibodies to T gondii no longer shed oocysts, and do not pose a risk to humans.
Babesiosis in Cats
Authors: Hartmann Katrin , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by parasites of the genus Babesia that belong to the Piroplasmida. The disease is named after the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeş. Babesiosis is also known as piroplasmosis (from Latin pirum, meaning ‘pear’, and plasma, ‘image, formation’). Infection: Babesiosis affects domestic and wild animals and humans worldwide. While the disease is recognised in dogs around the world, it is found only rarely in cats. Human disease: Babesia species are common blood parasites of mammals. Human babesiosis is uncommon, but more cases in people have been reported recently, most likely because of rising awareness.
My Diabetes My Way: an electronic personal health record for diabetes
Authors: Cunningham Scott G , Wake Deborah J , Waller Annalu , Morris Andrew D , Walker James 
Published: June 2013

Background: Diabetes prevalence in Scotland is increasing at approximately 4.6% annually, with figures currently at 247,278 (4.7%). Internet-based interventions have the potential to enhance self-management and shift the balance of power towards the patient. Electronic personal health records (ePHRs) have been identified as an ideal route to deliver these interventions, as outlined in the Department of Health Information Strategy. Methods: We developed a diabetes-focused, population-based ePHR for NHS Scotland. Data are sourced from primary, secondary and tertiary care via the national shared-electronic record, SCI-DC. Data are displayed alongside lay-descriptions and information links tailored to the patient’s needs. Results: 3,391 individuals have registered to access their clinical data. In this largely self-selecting group, 31% have type 1 diabetes and 61% are male. 2,015 have completed the enrolment process and 861 have successfully logged in. By the end of 2012, the number of distinct users per month had risen to nearly 300. Conclusions: The system is now a useful additional component for the self-management of diabetes. Although the system has been developed for, and by, stakeholders from across Scotland, it has the potential to connect to any electronic medical record. The current project is expected to reach over 5,000 patients by the end of 2013.
Comparison of vascular growth factors in the murine brain reveals placenta growth factor as prime candidate for CNS revascularization
Authors: Gaál Emília Ilona , Tammela Tuomas , Anisimov Andrey , Marbacher Serge , Honkanen Petri , Zarkada Georgia , Leppänen Veli-Matti , Tatlisumak Turgut , Hernesniemi Juha , Niemelä Mika , Alitalo Kari 
Published: June 2013

Key Points
AAV-mediated gene transfer of vascular growth factors. Among 7 endothelial growth factors, PlGF has optimal properties for induction of new vessel growth without vascular leakage or inflammation in the brain.
European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013
Authors: Baccarani Michele , Deininger Michael W. , Rosti Gianantonio , Hochhaus Andreas , Soverini Simona , Apperley Jane F. , Cervantes Francisco , Clark Richard E. , Cortes Jorge E. , Guilhot François , Hjorth-Hansen Henrik , Hughes Timothy P. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kim Dong-Wook , Larson Richard A. , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Mahon François-Xavier , Martinelli Giovanni , Mayer Jiri , Müller Martin C. , Niederwieser Dietger , Pane Fabrizio , Radich Jerald P. , Rousselot Philippe , Saglio Giuseppe , Saußele Susanne , Schiffer Charles , Silver Richard , Simonsson Bengt , Steegmann Juan-Luis , Goldman John M. , Hehlmann Rüdiger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAdvances in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, particularly regarding tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mandate regular updating of concepts and management. A European LeukemiaNet expert panel reviewed prior and new studies to update recommendations made in 2009. We recommend as initial treatment imatinib, nilotinib, or dasatinib. Response is assessed with standardized real quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or cytogenetics at 3, 6, and 12 months. BCR-ABL1 transcript levels ≤10% at 3 months, <1% at 6 months, and ≤0.1% from 12 months onward define optimal response, whereas >10% at 6 months and >1% from 12 months onward define failure, mandating a change in treatment. Similarly, partial cytogenetic response (PCyR) at 3 months and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) from 6 months onward define optimal response, whereas no CyR (Philadelphia chromosome–positive [Ph+] >95%) at 3 months, less than PCyR at 6 months, and less than CCyR from 12 months onward define failure. Between optimal and failure, there is an intermediate warning zone requiring more frequent monitoring. Similar definitions are provided for response to second-line therapy. Specific recommendations are made for patients in the accelerated and blastic phases, and for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Optimal responders should continue therapy indefinitely, with careful surveillance, or they can be enrolled in controlled studies of treatment discontinuation once a deeper molecular response is achieved.
Identification of an intact ParaHox cluster with temporal colinearity but altered spatial colinearity in the hemichordate Ptychodera flava
Authors: Ikuta Tetsuro , Chen Yi-Chih , Annunziata Rossella , Ting Hsiu-Chi , Tung Che-huang , Koyanagi Ryo , Tagawa Kunifumi , Humphreys Tom , Fujiyama Asao , Saiga Hidetoshi , Satoh Nori , Yu Jr-Kai , Arnone Maria Ina , Su Yi-Hsien 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
ParaHox and Hox genes are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral ProtoHox cluster or from tandem duplication prior to the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians. Similar to Hox clusters, chordate ParaHox genes including Gsx, Xlox, and Cdx, are clustered and their expression exhibits temporal and spatial colinearity. In non-chordate animals, however, studies on the genomic organization of ParaHox genes are limited to only a few animal taxa. Hemichordates, such as the Enteropneust acorn worms, have been used to gain insights into the origins of chordate characters. In this study, we investigated the genomic organization and expression of ParaHox genes in the indirect developing hemichordate acorn worm Ptychodera flava.

Results
We found that P. flava contains an intact ParaHox cluster with a similar arrangement to that of chordates. The temporal expression order of the P. flava ParaHox genes is the same as that of the chordate ParaHox genes. During embryogenesis, the spatial expression pattern of PfCdx in the posterior endoderm represents a conserved feature similar to the expression of its orthologs in other animals. On the other hand, PfXlox and PfGsx show a novel expression pattern in the blastopore. Nevertheless, during metamorphosis, PfXlox and PfCdx are expressed in the endoderm in a spatially staggered pattern similar to the situation in chordates.

Conclusions
Our study shows that P. flava ParaHox genes, despite forming an intact cluster, exhibit temporal colinearity but lose spatial colinearity during embryogenesis. During metamorphosis, partial spatial colinearity is retained in the transforming larva. These results strongly suggest that intact ParaHox gene clustering was retained in the deuterostome ancestor and is correlated with temporal colinearity.
Genome-wide association mapping of frost tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Visioni Andrea , Tondelli Alessandro , Francia Enrico , Pswarayi Alexander , Malosetti Marcos , Russell Joanne , Thomas William , Waugh Robbie , Pecchioni Nicola , Romagosa Ignacio , Comadran Jordi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Frost tolerance is a key trait with economic and agronomic importance in barley because it is a major component of winter hardiness, and therefore limits the geographical distribution of the crop and the effective transfer of quality traits between spring and winter crop types. Three main frost tolerance QTL (Fr-H1, Fr-H2 and Fr-H3) have been identified from bi-parental genetic mapping but it can be argued that those mapping populations only capture a portion of the genetic diversity of the species. A genetically broad dataset consisting of 184 genotypes, representative of the barley gene pool cultivated in the Mediterranean basin over an extended time period, was genotyped with 1536 SNP markers. Frost tolerance phenotype scores were collected from two trial sites, Foradada (Spain) and Fiorenzuola (Italy) and combined with the genotypic data in genome wide association analyses (GWAS) using Eigenstrat and kinship approaches to account for population structure.

Results
GWAS analyses identified twelve and seven positive SNP associations at Foradada and Fiorenzuola, respectively, using Eigenstrat and six and four, respectively, using kinship. Linkage disequilibrium analyses of the significant SNP associations showed they are genetically independent. In the kinship analysis, two of the significant SNP associations were tightly linked to the Fr-H2 and HvBmy loci on chromosomes 5H and 4HL, respectively. The other significant kinship associations were located in genomic regions that have not previously been associated with cold stress.

Conclusions
Haplotype analysis revealed that most of the significant SNP loci are fixed in the winter or facultative types, while they are freely segregating within the un-adapted spring barley genepool. Although there is a major interest in detecting new variation to improve frost tolerance of available winter and facultative types, from a GWAS perspective, working within the un-adapted spring germplasm pool is an attractive alternative strategy which would minimize statistical issues, simplify the interpretation of the data and identify phenology independent genetic determinants of frost tolerance.
Ambulatory consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia with antibacterial prophylaxis is associated with frequent bacteremia and the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistant E. Coli
Authors: Saini Lalit , Rostein Coleman , Atenafu Eshetu G , Brandwein Joseph M 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAmbulatory consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is frequently associated with bloodstream infections but the spectrum of bacterial pathogens in this setting has not been well-described.MethodsWe evaluated the emergence of bacteremias and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns in AML patients receiving ambulatory-based consolidation therapy. Following achievement of complete remission, 207 patients received the first cycle (C1), and 195 the second cycle (C2), of consolidation on an ambulatory basis. Antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and fluconazole.ResultsThere were significantly more positive blood cultures forE. coliin C2 as compared to C1 (10 vs. 1, p=0.0045); allE. colistrains for which susceptibility testing was performed demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. In patients under age 60 there was a significantly higher rate ofStreptococccus spp. bacteremia in C2 vs. C1; despite amoxicillin prophylaxis allStreptococcusisolates in C2 were sensitive to penicillin. Patients withStaphylococcusbacteremia in C1 had significantly higher rates ofStaphylococcusbacteremia in C2 (p=0.009, OR=8.6).ConclusionsFor AML patients undergoing outpatient-based intensive consolidation chemotherapy with antibiotic prophylaxis, the second cycle is associated with higher rates of ciprofloxacin resistantE. coli, penicillin-sensitiveStreptococcusbacteremias and recurrentStaphylococcusinfections.