bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthographic, Phonological, and Morphological Skills and Children's Word Reading in Arabic: A Literature Review
Authors: Al Ghanem Reem , Kearns Devin M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCurrent Arabic reading instruction places strong emphasis on orthographic skills and little emphasis on phonological and morphological skills. Yet, the role of each skill in reading development in Arabic is not well understood. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the degree to which children learning to read in Arabic use orthographic, phonological, and morphological skills when they pronounce Arabic words. We conducted a comprehensive literature search and located 12 studies that examined the relation between these three skills and Arabic word reading for students in grades K–12. Sublexical orthographic skills were associated with Arabic word reading, especially in reading vowelized text. Phonological skills had the strongest relation with reading Arabic words of the three skills, across vowelized and unvowelized texts, and in grades 1–5. Morphological skills were examined in very few studies, but there was some evidence of association with word reading in skilled readers. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the design of two national curricula for teaching beginning Arabic reading.
Denial‐of‐service in content centric (named data) networking: a tutorial and state‐of‐the‐art survey
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Zaidi Syed Mustafa Ali 
Published: October 2014

AbstractContent centric networking (CCN) is a paradigm shift from current Internet protocol‐address‐based communication model to content‐oriented model in computer networks. Like traditional networks, it is identified that CCN is also vulnerable to many security threats including denial‐of‐service (DoS). This fact has recently caught a considerable attention in research community while different proposals of defense are being published. In this paper, we provide a literature review on different types of possible DoS attacks in CCN and their proposed countermeasures. DoS attacks can be triggered in CCN to exhaust resources within a CCN router or the ultimate content source(s). Two characteristics of CCN, that is, state maintenance of forwarded requests in a router using pending interest table and the fact that a response (content) follows the same path in reverse direction through which the corresponding request (interest) travels have been taken as major advantages to fight against DoS attacks in CCN under different proposed approaches. This survey makes a contribution by (a) highlighting state‐of‐the‐art work in a tutorial manner on the exploration of different DoS attacks and their countermeasures in CCN, (b) identifying some potential problems of current CCN features and existing proposals of defense, and (c) forecasting and providing an overview of a few possible future techniques to help researchers fight against CCN‐DoS attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involuntary relocation and safe transfer of care home residents: a model of risks and opportunities in residents' experiences
Authors: LEYLAND ANNA F. , SCOTT JASON , DAWSON PAM 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTFew studies explore the application of literature on care home closures in practice or how it can influence residents' experiences. The aim of this study was to investigate from multiple perspectives how a protocol, designed by a local council for the involuntary relocation and safe transfer of older adult residents, was adhered to and the influence that the protocol had on the experiences of residents who relocated from two care homes. Interviews were conducted with 34 stakeholders, including relocated residents (N=11), relatives (N=2), care home staff (N=13), managers (N=6) and advocates (N=2), and analysed using framework analysis. The protocol covered key aspects of guidelines extracted from research evidence grouped into four themes:involvement; staff approaches; preparation; andconsistency and familiarity, with the majority of the guidelines being followed in practice. Two further themes that centred on theprocesses of transitional adjustmentandimpact of relocationwere influenced by the protocol but were also mediated by factors relating to the environment and the resident. Involvement of residents, relatives and advocates, extensive planning and a person-centred approach were of particular importance in improving residents' experiences of relocation. A model that places residents' experiences at the centre of relocations is proposed, which draws on and applies the themes identified in this study and applies them within the context of opportunities and risks.
Partitions of large unbalanced bipartites
Authors: BUREAUX JULIEN 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe compute the asymptotic behaviour of the number of partitions of large vectors (n1, n2) of ℤ+2 in the critical regime n1 ≍ √n2 and in the subcritical regime n1 = o(√n2). This work completes the results established in the fifties by Auluck, Nanda and Wright.
Evaluation of genetic variations at glutenin loci in Korean wheat landraces using allele-specific DNA markers
Authors: Ahn Jeong Hwan , Lee Soo-Kyung , Park Chul Soo 
Published: October 2014

The allelic variations at glutenin loci could significantly affect the bread baking quality, and specific glutenin alleles might be closely associated with greater gluten strength, which, in turn, is related to superior bread baking quality. In this study, allelic variations at Glu-1, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci were evaluated in 222 Korean wheat landraces using gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. Ten alleles were identified at Glu-1 loci. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1b, and Glu-D1a or Glu-D1f alleles were predominantly found at the respective loci and their frequencies were 86.5, 87.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. Seven Korean wheat landraces carried the Glu-D1d allele, and only one Korean wheat landrace (IT173162) achieved 10 points for the Glu-1 score. Fifteen alleles were identified at Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci; Glu-A3c and Glu-B3d or Glu-B3i alleles were commonly found at the respective loci and their frequencies were 77.0, 33.3 and 37.8 %, respectively. Glu-B3 alleles exhibited the highest genetic diversity than other alleles, while Glu-B1 and Glu-A1 alleles exhibited the lowest genetic diversity than other alleles. Twenty Korean wheat landraces had the Glu-A3d and Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3f, Glu-B3g or Glu-B3i alleles, which were correlated with superior bread baking quality. Among these wheat lines, two (IT59787 and IT236544) carried the Glu-D1d allele.
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in human colon cancer
Authors: Song X , Kim S-Y , Zhang L , Tang D , Bartlett D L , Kwon Y T , Lee Y J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnresectable colorectal liver metastases remain a major unresolved issue and more effective novel regimens are urgently needed. While screening synergistic drug combinations for colon cancer therapy, we identified a novel multidrug treatment for colon cancer: chemotherapeutic agent melphalan in combination with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor rapamycin. We investigated the mechanisms of synergistic antitumor efficacy during the multidrug treatment. All experiments were performed with highly metastatic human colon cancer CX-1 and HCT116 cells, and selected critical experiments were repeated with human colon cancer stem Tu-22 cells and mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells. We used immunochemical techniques to investigate a cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy during the multidrug treatment. We observed that melphalan triggered apoptosis, bortezomib induced apoptosis and autophagy, rapamycin caused autophagy and the combinatorial treatment-induced synergistic apoptosis, which was mediated through an increase in caspase activation. We also observed that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the combination was linked with altered cellular metabolism, which induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, resulting in Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96. Interestingly, Beclin-1 phosphorylated at Ser 93/96 is sufficient to induce Beclin-1 cleavage by caspase-8, which switches off autophagy to achieve the synergistic induction of apoptosis. Similar results were observed with the essential autophagy gene, autophagy-related protein 7, -deficient MEF cells. The multidrug treatment-induced Beclin-1 cleavage was abolished in Beclin-1 double-mutant (D133A/D146A) knock-in HCT116 cells, restoring the autophagy-promoting function of Beclin-1 and suppressing the apoptosis induced by the combination therapy. These observations identify a novel mechanism for AMPK-induced apoptosis through interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
Optimal design of organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell based on a‐Si:H and organic photovoltaics for high efficiency
Authors: Kim Hyeok , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Taehee , Jung Hee‐Suk , Koo Bonkee , Song Dong‐Seok , Kim SeongMin , Ko Min Jae , Lee Doh‐Kwon , Kim Do‐Kyung , Kang Shin‐Won , Bae Jin‐Hyuk 
Published: October 2014

Thin‐film solar cells based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) and conjugated polymers have been studied extensively. However, organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells incorporating the two materials as subcells are yet to be extensively studied. Here, a computational study on the optimal design of organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cells to achieve the maximum possible efficiency is presented. The optical simulations predict the optimal design of an organic–inorganic hybrid tandem solar cell, desirable for a wide range of spectral response and high efficiency. The optimum combination of thicknesses of a‐Si:H and organic photovoltaic (OPV) subcells to achieve the highest possible efficiency in terms of short circuit current (Jsc) is determined. Thicknesses of 400 and 140 nm for a‐Si:H and OPV subcells, respectively, are suggested for the optimised tandem solar cell to achieve current matching and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 11.57%.
Upper limb aerobic training improves aerobic fitness and all‐out performance of America's Cup grinders
Authors: Adami Paolo Emilio , Delussu Anna Sofia , Rodio Angelo , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Corsi Loretta , Quattrini Filippo Maria , Fattorini Luigi , Bernardi Marco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis research on “America's Cup” grinders investigated the effects of a specific eight‐week long‐arm cranking ergometer (ACE) training on upper body (UB) aerobic fitness (ventilatory threshold – Tvent, respiratory compensation point‐ RCP, –oxygen uptake peak – O2peak) and high intensity working capacity. The training consisted of sessions carried out for 20–30 mins, three times per week, at an intensity between the UB‐Tvent and UB‐RCP, and replaced part of a typical lower limb aerobic training whilst maintaining the usual weekly schedule of callisthenics, resistance training and sailing. Seven sailors, including four grinders and three mastmen (age 30 ± 5.5 years, height 1.9 ± 0.04 m, body mass 102 ± 3.6 kg), were evaluated through both an ACE cardiopulmonary maximal exercise test (CPET) and an ACE all‐out up to exhaustion exercise test, before and after the ACE training. UB aerobic fitness improved significantly: UB‐O2peak increased from 4.29 ± 0.442 to 4.52 ± 0.522 l·min−1 (6.4 ± 3.66%), O2 at UB‐Tvent from 2.42 ± 0.282 to 2.97 ± 0.328 l·min−1 (22.8 ± 5.09%) and O2 at UB‐RCP from 3.25 ± 0.402 to 3.75 ± 0.352 l·min−1 (16.1 ± 10.83%). Peak power at the ACE CPET increased from 351 ± 27.5 to 387 ± 33.5 W (10.5 ± 6.93%). The all‐out test total mechanical work increased from 28.9 ± 2.35 to 40.1 ± 3.76 kJ (72.1 ± 4.67%). In conclusion, a high intensity aerobic ACE training can be effective in improving grinding performance by increasing UB aerobic fitness and all‐out working capacity.
The acute effects of vibration training on balance and stability amongst soccer players
Authors: Cloak Ross , Nevill Alan , Wyon Matthew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAcute whole body vibration training (WBVT) is a tool used amongst coaches to improve performance prior to activity. Its effects on other fitness components, such as balance and stability, along with how different populations respond are less well understood. The aim of the current research is to determine the effect of acute WBVT on balance and stability amongst elite and amateur soccer players. Forty‐four healthy male soccer players (22 elite and 22 amateur) were assigned to a treatment or control group. The intervention group then performed 3 × 60 seconds static squat on vibration platform at 40 Hz (±4 mm) with Y balance test (YBT) scores and dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) measured pre and post. DPSI was significantly lower in the elite players in the acute WBVT compared to amateur players (F1, 40= 6.80; P = 0.013). YBT anterior reach distance showed a significant improvement in both amateur and elite players in the acute WBVT group (F1, 40= 32.36; P < 0.001). The improvement in DPSI amongst the elite players indicates a difference in responses to acute high frequency vibration between elite and amateur players during a landing stability task. The results indicate that acute WBVT improves anterior YBT reach distances through a possible improvement in flexibility amongst both elite and amateur players. In conclusion, acute WBVT training appears to improve stability amongst elite soccer players in comparison to amateur players, the exact reasoning behind this difference requires further investigation.
In Search of the Natural Voice
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 2 unpacks the notion of the “natural voice”, aided by an examination of two major initiatives. The first is the UK-based Natural Voice Practitioners’ Network. The convictions enshrined in the NVPN’s statement of philosophy and working principles are brought into dialogue with matters of aesthetics and structural organisation pertaining to music in oral traditions and with issues of class and race in the development of the Western classically trained voice. The second is the Giving Voice project, an initiative of the Centre for Performance Research (based in Wales but working with partners worldwide) and the international body of practice that it represents. Reference is made here to the influence of pioneering work in experimental theatre. The reader is also introduced to English folksinger Frankie Armstrong, the main inspiration and driving force behind the NVPN.
Non-separable bound motion
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Non-separable bound states in the regular regime lie on f–dimensional invariant tori in the 2f–dimensional phase space. Actions and quantum numbers are fixed by the areas of f topologically distinct cuts through the torus. Poincaré sections are useful in revealing bifurcations in the torus structure, as for example in the transition from normal to local vibrational motion. Various quantization schemes include EBK and classical perturbation theory, adiabatic switching and Fourier representations of the torus. Finally, periodic-orbit-based expressions are given for the densities of states of both regular and chaotic systems. The observation of periodic ‘scars’ on the wavefunction is of particular interest.
Wavepackets
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A wavepacket spreading under quadratic potentials is shown to have an exact classical analogue in the spreading of a classical ensemble taken from the Wigner distribution. The wavepacket motion under anharmonic potentials is complicated by greater spreading combined with additional interferences. Both are shown to be well handled by Heller’s frozen Gaussian swarm technique. Applications are outlined to spectral quantization and Franck–Condon transitions by Fourier analysis of the time correlation function. The chapter concludes with an introduction to the popular unitary Herman–Kluk coherent state propagation scheme. Advantages over semiclassical Van Vleck propagation are discussed, and a Filinov–based scheme for handling weakly chaotic systems is described.
The classical S matrix
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The classical S matrix is a natural multidimensional extension of the semiclassical phase shift. It is most naturally interpreted as a contraction of the Feynman path integral propagator, between initial and final scattering states. An equivalent derivation in the text employs a multidimensional JWKB wavefunction in place of the propagator. The primitive semiclassical S matrix appears as a sum over classical trajectories, which interfere according to differences in their classical action integrals, while classically forbidden events are handled by the use of complex time trajectories. Appropriate uniform approximations to remove different types of singularity at the classical boundary are described. Symmetry selection rules are seen to arise from the physical equivalence of initial starting geometries. Applications to rotational rainbows and Condon reflection principles are given.
Detecting time periods of differential gene expression using Gaussian processes: an application to endothelial cells exposed to radiotherapy dose fraction
Authors: Heinonen Markus , Guipaud Olivier , Milliat Fabien , Buard Valérie , Micheau Béatrice , Tarlet Georges , Benderitter Marc , Zehraoui Farida , d’Alché-Buc Florence 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying the set of genes differentially expressed along time is an important task in two-sample time course experiments. Furthermore, estimating at which time periods the differential expression is present can provide additional insight into temporal gene functions. The current differential detection methods are designed to detect difference along observation time intervals or on single measurement points, warranting dense measurements along time to characterize the full temporal differential expression patterns.
Results: We propose a novel Bayesian likelihood ratio test to estimate the differential expression time periods. Applying the ratio test to systems of genes provides the temporal response timings and durations of gene expression to a biological condition. We introduce a novel non-stationary Gaussian process as the underlying expression model, with major improvements on model fitness on perturbation and stress experiments. The method is robust to uneven or sparse measurements along time. We assess the performance of the method on realistically simulated dataset and compare against state-of-the-art methods. We additionally apply the method to the analysis of primary human endothelial cells under an ionizing radiation stress to study the transcriptional perturbations over 283 measured genes in an attempt to better understand the role of endothelium in both normal and cancer tissues during radiotherapy. As a result, using the cascade of differential expression periods, domain literature and gene enrichment analysis, we gain insights into the dynamic response of endothelial cells to irradiation.
Availability and implementation: R package ‘nsgp' is available at www.ibisc.fr/en/logiciels_arobas
Contact: markus.heinonen@ibisc.fr or florence.dalche@ibisc.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Morphological study of penumbral formation
Authors: Kitai Reizaburo , Watanabe Hiroko , Otsuji Ken'ichi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Penumbrae are known to be areas of mainly horizontal magnetic field surrounding umbrae of relatively large and mature sunspots. In this paper, we observationally studied the formation of penumbrae in NOAA 10978, where several penumbral formations were observed in G-band images of the Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode. Thanks to the continuous observation by Hinode, we could morphologically follow the evolution of sunspots and found that there are several paths to the penumbral formation: (1) active accumulation of magnetic flux, (2) rapid emergence of magnetic field, and (3) appearance of twisted or rotating magnetic tubes. In all of these cases, magnetic fields are expected to sustain high inclination at the edges of flux tube concentration longer than the characteristic growth time of downward magnetic pumping.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis of PhaA fromRalstonia eutropha
Authors: Kim Eun-Jung , Kim Kyung-Jin 
Published: October 2014

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer that is in the spotlight because of its broad applications in bioplastics, fine chemicals, implant biomaterials and biofuels. PhaA fromRalstonia eutropha(RePhaA) is the first enzyme in the PHB biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the condensation reaction of two acetyl-CoA molecules to give acetoacetyl-CoA.RePhaA was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of 20% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2K, 0.1 MTris–HCl pH 8.5 and 0.2 MtrimethylamineN-oxide dihydrate at 295 K. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 1.96 Å on a synchrotron beamline. The crystal belonged to space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 68.38,b= 105.47,c= 106.91 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 106.18°. With four subunits per asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight (VM) is 2.3 Å3 Da−1, which corresponds to a solvent content of approximately 46.2%. The structure was solved by the molecular-replacement method and refinement of the structure is in progress.
A survival analysis of tax professionals’ performance and internship experience
Authors: R. Borgia Carl , H. Siegel Philip , Ortiz Dennis 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to consider the effect of an internship experience on tax accountants’ professional performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– It uses survival analysis, a dynamic methodology that allows for more precise modeling than static traditional methods used to study promotion and turnover rates in the past. The hypotheses were tested using a longitudinal database obtained from the human resource departments of regional Certified Public Accountant firms located in the southeastern and mid-south areas of the USA.

Findings
– Results were mixed. As in previous studies on the effects of internships on subsequent professional performance, tax accounting professionals with a master’s degree and prior internship experience had significantly faster promotion rates than those professionals with a master’s degree and no internship experience. However, tax professionals with a master’s degree and prior internship experience did not demonstrate a significant difference in turnover rate when compared to the no-internship group.

Practical implications
– This research provides evidence that students, employers and institutions of higher education can use to guide them in their decisions regarding the effects of structured internships on professional performance – in this case, the professional performance of tax accountants.

Originality/value
– Previous research on tax professionals’ performance and internship experience made use of static research methodologies. This study uses the more dynamic methodology of survival analysis to see if different findings result.