bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Exacerbates Lymphoproliferative Syndrome and Lupus Nephritis in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j Mice
Authors: Goury Antoine , Meghraoui-Kheddar Aïda , Belmokhtar Karim , Vuiblet Vincent , Ortillon Jeremy , Jaisson Stéphane , Devy Jerôme , Le Naour Richard , Tabary Thierry , Cohen Jacques H. M. , Schmidt Ann-Marie , Rieu Philippe , Touré Fatouma 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that interacts with advanced glycation end products, but also with C3a, CpG DNA oligonucleotides, and alarmin molecules such as HMGB1 to initiate a proinflammatory reaction. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder associated with the accumulation of RAGE ligands. We generated mice invalidated for RAGE in the lupus-prone B6-MRL Fas lpr/j background to determine the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. We compared the phenotype of these mice with that of their wild-type and B6-MRL Fas lpr/j littermates. Lymphoproliferative syndrome, production of anti-dsDNA Abs, lupus nephritis, and accumulation of CD3+B220+CD4−CD8− autoreactive T cells (in the peripheral blood and the spleen) were significantly increased in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j RAGE−/− mice compared with B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice (respectively p &lt; 0.005, p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.001, and p &lt; 0.001). A large proportion of autoreactive T cells from B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice expressed RAGE at their surface. Time course studies of annexin V expression revealed that autoreactive T cells in the spleen of B6-MRL Fas lpr/j-RAGE−/− mice exhibited a delay in apoptosis and expressed significantly less activated caspase 3 (39.5 ± 4.3%) than T cells in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice (65.5 ± 5.2%) or wild-type mice (75.3 ± 2.64%) (p = 0.02). We conclude that the deletion of RAGE in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice promotes the accumulation of autoreactive CD3+B220+CD4−CD8− T cells, therefore exacerbating lymphoproliferative syndrome, autoimmunity, and organ injury. This suggests that RAGE rescues the apoptosis of T lymphocytes when the death receptor Fas/CD95 is dysfunctional.
Acute dizziness in rural practice: Proposal of a diagnostic procedure
Authors: Eid Ehab , Dastan Sajed , Heckmann Josef G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAcute dizziness is a frequent index symptom in the emergency department as well as in the rural practice office. Most acute dizziness, however, is not dangerous, but some types are highly dangerous. Clinical routine acute dizziness can be separated into frequent benign syndromes including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, Menière’s disease or vestibular migraine, and what is here referred to as the “white shark” of dizziness, i.e. a stroke in the posterior circulation or more rarely a tumor in the posterior fossa. A practical concept is presented to clarify most frequent acute dizziness syndromes using clinical and low budget methods.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Catanzaro John N. , Makaryus John N. , Makaryus Amgad N. , Sison Cristina , Vavasis Christos , Fan Dali , Jadonath Ram 
Published: March 2015

Background Patients with structural heart disease are prone to ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), which account for the majority of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). We sought to examine echocardiographic parameters that can predict VT as documented by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) appropriate discharge. We examine echocardiographic parameters other than ejection fraction that may predict VT as recorded via rates of ICD discharge. Methods Analysis of 586 patients (469 males; mean age = 68 ± 3 years; mean follow-up time of 11 ± 14 months) was undertaken. Echo parameters assessed included left ventricular (LV) internal end diastolic/systolic dimension (LVIDd, LVIDs), relative wall thickness (RWT), and left atrial (LA) size. Results The incidence of VT was 0.22 (114 VT episodes per 528 person-years of follow-up time). Median time-to-first VT was 3.8 years. VT was documented in 79 patients (59 first VT incidence, 20 multiple). The echocardiographic parameter associated with first VT was LVIDs >4 cm ( P = 0.02). Conclusion The main echocardiographic predictor associated with the first occurrence of VT was LVIDs >4 cm. Patients with an LVIDs >4 cm were 2.5 times more likely to have an episode of VT. Changes in these echocardiographic parameters may warrant aggressive pharmacologic therapy and implantation of an ICD.
Strongly Incompressible Curves
Authors: Garcia-Armas Mario 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLetGbe a finite group. A faithfulG-varietyXis called strongly incompressible if every dominantG-equivariant rationalmap ofXonto another faithfulG-varietyYis birational. We settle the problem of existence of strongly incompressibleG-curves for any finite groupGand any base fieldkof characteristic zero.
La maladie de Whipple
Authors: Roche Jean-François 
Published: March 2015

Décrite il y a plus d’un siècle par l’anatomopathologiste américain qui allait lui donner son nom, la maladie de Whipple, de par sa gravité, car toujours létale en l’absence de traitement, est plus que jamais un sujet de préoccupation pour les médecins. Rare, polymorphe, en interface de nombreuses spécialités où les gastro-entérologues tiennent une place de choix, elle a bénéficié de progrès diagnostiques constants, notamment grâce à la généralisation de l’endoscopie et aux acquis récents de la capsule vidéo-endoscopique. Le dynamisme des chercheurs, notamment français, a permis l’identification et la culture de l’agent microbien causal à l’aube du 21 e siècle.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Promise Detection of Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetuses
Authors: Vladareanu Radu , Zamfirescu Vlad 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Technical and therapeutic advances have driven the development of fetal MRI, which is likely to become an increasingly important modality in the evaluation of sonographically complex or occult anomalies of the fetal brain and body. All radiologists involved in prenatal imaging should be aware of the applications and limitations of this modality.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have consistently demonstrated brain structural changes on intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). There is a need to improve MRI characterization of the anatomical patterns of brain reorganization associated with IUGR and to develop specific imaging biomarkers. Contrary to acute perinatal events, IUGR is a chronic condition that induces brain reorganization and abnormal maturation rather than gross tissue destruction. Diffusion MRI offers a promising approach to assess abnormalities in brain maturation and develop biomarkers for clinical use. The association between IUGR and short- and long-term neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunctions has been extensively described. Preliminary clinical results suggest that diffusion MRI could also be suitable to detect maturational changes occurring in chronic fetal conditions, including fetal cardiac defects and IUGR.

How to cite this article
Zamfirescu V, Vladareanu R, Vladareanu S. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Promise for Detection of Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Fetuses. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):40-43.
From Gallipoli (1915) to the War of Independence (1919-1922): Modernisation of Turkish Womanhood
Authors: Cevik-Compiegne Burcu 
Published: March 2015

In many countries, the services of nurses during the First World War have recently been given a commemorative space in an attempt to make the memory of the war more inclusive and less masculine. In contrast, Turkish nurses’ experience has so far been studied only from a nursing education and practice perspective. This article aims to shed light on this forgotten story by taking a gender and war studies perspective and reflect upon the much-celebrated memory of women fighters in Turkey.
Pluripotent Cell Models of Fanconi Anemia Identify the Early Pathological Defect in Human Hemoangiogenic Progenitors
Authors: Suzuki Naoya M. , Niwa Akira , Yabe Miharu , Hira Asuka , Okada Chihiro , Amano Naoki , Watanabe Akira , Watanabe Ken-ichiro , Heike Toshio , Takata Minoru , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Saito Megumu K. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disorder of genomic instability characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. Although various consequences in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells have been attributed to FA-BMF, the quest to identify the initial pathological event is still ongoing. To address this issue, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of six patients with FA and FANCA mutations. An improved reprogramming method yielded iPSC-like colonies from all patients, and iPSC clones were propagated from two patients. Quantitative evaluation of the differentiation ability demonstrated that the differentiation propensity toward the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages is already defective in early hemoangiogenic progenitors. The expression levels of critical transcription factors were significantly downregulated in these progenitors. These data indicate that the hematopoietic consequences in FA patients originate from the early hematopoietic stage and highlight the potential usefulness of iPSC technology for elucidating the pathogenesis of FA-BMF.
Erratum to: Understanding nitrile-degrading enzymes: classification, biocatalytic nature and current applications
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge Ricaño 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNitrile-degrading enzymes commonly known as nitrilase enzymes are able to metabolize nitrile-substituent compounds and they have several industrial applications, for example: in drugs synthesis. It is also common to observe their exploitation for obtaining chemical compounds with commercial interests related to cosmetics production, paints and additives. In addition, these are frequently used in the active metabolites synthesis of pesticides. Due to the catalytic nature of such proteins, it is possible to take advantage of their biotechnological potential to be applied in various scientific fields including synthetic biocatalysis and environmental remediation, since they have been successfully used for soils nitrile-wastes decontamination such as cyanide, bromoxynil and benzonitrile. On the other hand, these enzymes are considered very important intermediaries of metabolic pathways related to indolic compounds that are produced by bacteria, plants and superior fungi, acting in most cases as vegetal growth hormones. Given the fact that indole-derivative molecules play an important role in physiological responses in superior organisms, nitrilase enzymes may be considered as important part of unknown multi-enzymatic secondary metabolites pathways. In light of the above considerations, this review attempts to summarize the current status of nitrilase research and describing in detail the main characteristics of nitrile-converting enzymes with emphasis on fungal proteins, including their function and catalytic selectivity. Likewise, their relationship with plant metabolism and biotechnological importance in bioremediation processes is discussed.
A noise model for InSAR time series
Authors: Agram P. S. , Simons M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInterferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series methods estimate the spatiotemporal evolution of surface deformation by incorporating information from multiple SAR interferograms. While various models have been developed to describe the interferometric phase and correlation statistics in individual interferograms, efforts to model the generalized covariance matrix that is directly applicable to joint analysis of networks of interferograms have been limited in scope. In this work, we build on existing decorrelation and atmospheric phase screen models and develop a covariance model for interferometric phase noise over space and time. We present arguments to show that the exploitation of the full 3‐D covariance structure within conventional time series inversion techniques is computationally challenging. However, the presented covariance model can aid in designing new inversion techniques that can at least mitigate the impact of spatial correlated nature of InSAR observations.
Effect of halite coatings on thermal infrared spectra
Authors: Berger Jeff A. , King Penelope L. , Green Andy , Craig Michael A. , Spilde Michael N. , Wright Shawn P. , Kunkel Tara S. , Lee Rachel J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCharacterizing the occurrence and distribution of soluble salts on planetary surfaces allows us to model or monitor aqueous and geochemical conditions. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is useful for identifying some types of salt deposits; however, mineral abundance determinations are based on the interaction of infrared with only the top few hundred micrometers of the surface. Thus, distinguishing massive deposits from coatings presents a challenge to TIR remote sensing. To better understand the TIR properties of spectrally transmissive halite coatings, we investigated the effects of coating thickness and texture on the TIR reflectance spectra of halite‐coated glasses. We analyzed two coating textures with variable thickness: (1) continuous and (2) discontinuous particulate coatings. As halite coating thickness increases, the intensity of substrate absorption bands decreases nonlinearly. The substrate is not detected with halite coatings >150 µm thick. Therefore, when coatings are present, it is not possible to apply TIR models of mineral abundances using linear deconvolution algorithms. We show that continuous and coarse particulate halite coatings increase the reflectance minimum (emissivity maximum), making them potentially detectable on planetary surfaces by the methods of Osterloo et al. (2008). However, the reflectance minimum does not change if coatings have low areal coverage (<50%) or are composed of fine particles (<5 µm). Thus, halite that forms as efflorescent coatings or has been redistributed as fine dust is not detected using TIR spectroscopy. Our results explain why Cl salts are not detected with TIR spectroscopy at many locations on Mars despite high Cl contents.
Nanoscale imaging of pore‐scale fluid‐fluid‐solid contacts in sandstone
Authors: Schmatz Joyce , Urai Janos L. , Berg Steffen , Ott Holger 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDirect observations of oil‐water‐rock contacts are key for improving our understanding of multiphase flow phenomena in mixed‐wet reservoir rocks. In this study we imaged pore‐scale fluid‐fluid‐solid contacts in sandstone with nanometer resolution using cryogenic broad ion‐beam polishing in combination with scanning electron microscopy and phase identification by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. We observed, as expected, the nonwetting oil phase separated from quartz surfaces by a thin brine film, but also direct contacts between oil and rock at asperities and clay aggregates, which act as pinning points and cause discontinuous motion of the oil‐water‐solid contact line. For the rare classical configuration of a three‐phase contact the microscopic contact angle has been determined by serial sectioning. Our results call for improvements in models of multiphase pore‐scale flow in digital rocks.
The dayside reconnection voltage applied to Saturn's magnetosphere
Authors: Masters A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe ability of magnetic reconnection between interplanetary and planetary magnetic fields to drive a planetary magnetosphere can be quantified as the resulting voltage applied to the system. We present analytical model predictions of the dayside reconnection voltage at Saturn, a planet where solar wind driving has been the subject of debate. Model‐predicted voltages are in reasonable agreement with adapted terrestrial coupling function estimates, as well as voltages inferred from auroral observations. The voltage is most sensitive to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Combining the model with Cassini IMF observations suggests that the voltage is rarely high enough to compete with internal driving of Saturn's outer magnetosphere. The long‐term average dayside (and nightside) voltage is ~40 kV. We point out that the distribution of IMF strength at Saturn is not bimodal, despite the compression‐rarefaction structure of the local heliosphere when the Cassini observations were made.
Seasonal variability in global eddy diffusion and the effect on neutral density
Authors: Pilinski M. D. , Crowley G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe a method for making single‐satellite estimates of the seasonal variability in global‐average eddy diffusion coefficients. Eddy diffusion values as a function of time were estimated from residuals of neutral density measurements made by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and simulations made using the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics global circulation model (TIME‐GCM). The eddy diffusion coefficient results are quantitatively consistent with previous estimates based on satellite drag observations and are qualitatively consistent with other measurement methods such as sodium lidar observations and eddy diffusivity models. Eddy diffusion coefficient values estimated between January 2004 and January 2008 were then used to generate new TIME‐GCM results. Based on these results, the root‐mean‐square sum for the TIME‐GCM model is reduced by an average of 5% when compared to density data from a variety of satellites, indicating that the fidelity of global density modeling can be improved by using data from a single satellite like CHAMP. This approach also demonstrates that eddy diffusion could be estimated in near real‐time from satellite observations and used to drive a global circulation model like TIME‐GCM. Although the use of global values improves modeled neutral densities, there are limitations to this method, which are discussed, including that the latitude dependence of the seasonal neutral‐density signal is not completely captured by a global variation of eddy diffusion coefficients. This demonstrates the need for a latitude‐dependent specification of eddy diffusion which is also consistent with diffusion observations made by other techniques.
Corynebacterium
Authors: Bernard Kathryn A. , Funke Guido 
Published: March 2015

Co.ry.ne.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. n.corynea club; L. neut. n.bacteriuma rod, and in biology a bacterium (so called because the first ones observed were rod‐shaped); N.L. neut. n.Corynebacteriuma club bacterium.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Corynebacteriales / Corynebacteriaceae / CorynebacteriumStraight to slightly curved rods with tapered ends. Rods are usually short or of medium length. Club‐shaped forms may be observed; sometimes ellipsoidal, ovoid or rarely, “whip handles” (see below,Corynebacterium matruchotii) or thinner rods with bulges (see below,Corynebacterium sundsvallense) observed.Snapping division produces angular and palisade arrangements of cells. Gram‐stain‐positive; some cells stain unevenly. Metachromatic (synonym being polyphosphate) granules may be observed for some species. Not‐acid‐fast (Ziehl–Neelsen stain), and no species has aerial mycelium. Nonsporeforming.All species are nonmotile.All species are catalase positive. All species are oxidase negative except forCorynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Corynebacterium doosanense, andCorynebacterium maris(below).Many species are facultatively anaerobic and some are aerobic. Chemoorganotrophs. Some species are lipophilic. Many species produce acid from glucose and some other sugars in peptone media. Several species alkalinize citrate as sole carbon sources, but most do not.DNA G+C content (mol%): 46–74.Type species:Corynebacterium diphtheriae(Kruse 1886) Lehmann and Neumann 1896, 350 (“Bacillus diphtheria” KruseinFlügge 1886, 225).
Bacillus
Authors: Logan Niall A. , Vos Paul De 
Published: March 2015

Ba.cil'lus. N.L. masc. n.Bacillusa rodlet.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / BacillusCells rod‐shaped, straight or slightly curved, occurring singly and in pairs, some in chains, and occasionally as long filaments. Endospores are formed, no more than one to a cell; these spores are very resistant to many adverse conditions. Gram‐positive, or Gram‐positive only in early stages of growth, or Gram‐negative. Ameso‐DAP direct murein cross‐linkage type is commonest, butL‐Lys‐D‐Glu, Orn‐D‐Glu andL‐Orn‐D‐Asp have occasionally been reported. Motile by means of peritrichous or degenerately peritrichous flagella, or nonmotile. Aerobes or facultative anaerobes, but a few species are described as strictly anaerobic. The terminal electron acceptor is oxygen, replaceable by alternatives in some species. Most species will grow on routine media such as nutrient agar and blood agar. Colony morphology and size very variable between and within species. A wide diversity of physiological abilities is exhibited, ranging from psychrophilic to thermophilic, and acidophilic to alkaliphilic; some strains are salt tolerant and some are halophilic. Catalase is produced by most species. Oxidase‐positive or ‐negative. Chemo‐organotrophic; two species are facultative chemolithotrophs: prototrophs to auxotrophs requiring several growth factors. Mostly isolated from soil, or from environments that may have been contaminated directly or indirectly by soil, but also found in water, food and clinical specimens. The resistance of the spores to heat, radiation, disinfectants, and desiccation results in species being troublesome contaminants in operating rooms, on surgical dressings, in pharmaceutical products and in foods. Most species have little or no pathogenic potential and are rarely associated with disease in humans or other animals; an exception isBacillus anthracis, the agent of anthrax; several other species may cause food poisoning and opportunistic infections, and strains ofBacillus thuringiensisare pathogenic to invertebrates.DNA G+C content (mol%): 32–66 (Tm).Type species:Bacillus subtilisCohn 1872, 174AL.
Corynebacteriales ord. nov.
Authors: Goodfellow Michael , Jones Amanda L. 
Published: March 2015

Co.ry.ne.bac.te.ri'a.les. N.L. neut. n.Corynebacteriumtype genus of order; suff. ‐alesending to denote order; N.L. fem. pl. n.CorynebacterialestheCorynebacteriumorder.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Corynebacteriales
Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,β‐Disubstituted Conjugated Enones by a Meyer–Schuster‐Type Rearrangement in Allenols
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Cembellín Sara , Martínez del Campo Teresa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel, direct and simple methodology to gain access to α,β‐disubstituted conjugated enones from α‐allenols in a sustainable metal catalysis context, considering the inexpensiveness and environmentally friendliness of iron(III) species and protons, has been developed.magnified image