bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary auditory symptoms in patients with normal peripheral hearing sensitivity
Authors: Shinn Jennifer , Long Ashleigh , Rayle Chris , Bush Matthew 
Published: October 2015

Objective:
Hearing loss has historically been defined as a ‘sudden or gradual decrease in how well you can hear’ (1). This is characterized by a set of strict criteria which evaluate the intensity level at which one hears critical frequencies needed to understand speech. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the number of patients in an otolaryngology practice at an academic medical center who present with auditory complaints yet demonstrate normal audiograms.

Study design:
The study was a retrospective chart review that examined 498 patients over a four-year period.

Results:
Results demonstrated that while nearly half of the patients’ primary complaint was hearing loss (48%), a large number also reported tinnitus (39%) and auditory processing difficulties (13%).

Conclusions:
Patients who report concerns regarding abnormal auditory perceptions (hearing loss, tinnitus and/or auditory processing) yet present with normal peripheral hearing sensitivity via pure tone audiometry, represent an important clinical population that deserves further attention.
<i>In vivo</i> hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic study of <i>Oncocalyx glabratus</i>
Authors: Ahmed Sarfaraz , Mothana Ramzi A. , Al-Rehaily Adnan J. 
Published: October 2015

<p class="Abstract">The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic potential of <em>Oncocalyx glabratus</em>. The extracts and fractions of plant were administrated orally to mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The hypoglycemic effect, glucose tolerance test and lipid profile were assessed in treated mice, compared with normal, diabetic and standard drug treated mice. In the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic study the extracts and fraction reduced blood glucose level and achieved the significant value (p&lt;0.001). The glucose tolerance test was performed in mice loaded with 3 g/kg glucose solution. n-Hexane extract and water fraction reduced the glucose level significantly (p&lt;0.001) after 60, 90 and 120 min conversely ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed the significant (p&lt;0.001) reduction after 90 and 120 min. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed substantial changes in biochemical parameters, compared to the standard drug. So, the study suggested the hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic activity of the title plant.</p><p> </p>
A strategy to recover a high‐quality, complete plastid sequence from low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Garaycochea Silvia , Speranza Pablo , Alvarez‐Valin Fernando 
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:We developed a bioinformatic strategy to recover and assemble a chloroplast genome using data derived from low‐coverage 454 GS FLX/Roche whole‐genome sequencing.Methods:A comparative genomics approach was applied to obtain the complete chloroplast genome from a weedy biotype of rice from Uruguay. We also applied appropriate filters to discriminate reads representing novel DNA transfer events between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes.Results:From a set of 295,159 reads (96 Mb data), we assembled the chloroplast genome into two contigs. This weedy rice was classified based on 23 polymorphic regions identified by comparison with reference chloroplast genomes. We detected recent and past events of genetic material transfer between the chloroplast and nuclear genomes and estimated their occurrence frequency.Discussion:We obtained a high‐quality complete chloroplast genome sequence from low‐coverage sequencing data. Intergenome DNA transfer appears to be more frequent than previously thought.
A new technique to prepare hard fruits and seeds for anatomical studies
Authors: Benedict John C. 
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:A novel preparation technique was developed to examine fruits and seeds of plants with exceptionally hard or brittle tissues that are very difficult to prepare using standard histological techniques.Methods and Results:The method introduced here was modified from a technique employed on fossil material and has been adapted for use on fruits and seeds of extant plants. A variety of fruits and seeds have been prepared with great success, and the technique will be useful for any excessively hard fruits or seeds that are not able to be prepared using traditional embedding or sectioning methods.Conclusions:When compared to existing techniques for obtaining anatomical features of fruits and seeds, the protocol described here has the potential to create high‐quality thin sections of materials that are not able to be sectioned using traditional histological techniques, which can be produced quickly and without the need for harmful chemicals.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Health and Inflammation in Treated HIV Infection
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Webel Allison R , Longenecker Chris T , Kinley Bruce , Labbato Danielle , Sattar Abdus , McComsey Grace A 
Published: October 2015

Background In HIV-uninfected populations, physical activity decreases mortality and inflammation. Inflammation is a potential cause of comorbidities in HIV+ adults, the evidence examining the effect of physical activity on cardiometabolic health is limited. This analysis examines the relationship between physical activity, cardiometabolic health and inflammation. Methods We conducted a nested study within the SATURN-HIV trial in which 147 HIV+ adults were randomized to 10 mg daily rosuvastatin or placebo. Measures of physical activity, cardiometabolic health, inflammation and vascular disease (carotid artery intima media thickness and computed tomography-acquired measures pericardial fat volume) were assessed at baseline and through 96 weeks. Spearman correlations and multivariable analyses were used to explore relationships between physical activity, cardiometabolic health and inflammation. Results Median age (Q1, Q3) was 46 (40.4, 52.7) years, 80% were male, 69% were African American and 46% were on protease inhibitors. Baseline median physical activity was 44 min per week (0, 150), 24% of participants performed greater than 150 min per week. At baseline, physical activity correlated with several markers of cardiometabolic health and inflammation (all P≤0.05). Over all time points median physical activity was independently associated with carotid distensibility (β=2.53; P=0.008), pericardial fat volume (β=-6.13; P=0.001) and interleukin-6 (β=-0.468; P<0.001). Conclusions Physical activity is associated with vascular disease, endothelial function, and may be an adjuvant to decreasing comorbidities in HIV+ adults. Further studies should examine long-term effects of physical activity on cardiometabolic health and inflammation in this population. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01218802.
« Le luxe frivole des accessoires ». Considérations sur la peinture d'histoire européenne aux Expositions universelles de 1855 et 1867
Authors: Paccoud Stéphane 
Published: October 2015

L'Exposition universelle organisée à Paris en 1855 initie pour la première fois l'opportunité d'une confrontation des créations artistiques des différentes écoles nationales. Cet événement offre au public et à la critique la possibilité d'un bilan de l'évolution de la peinture d'histoire sur l'ensemble du continent et d'une réflexion sur son avenir. Ainsi, de nombreux auteurs proposent-ils leur analyse, qui toujours se rejoint dans le constat d'un triomphe général des formules du « genre historique ». Pourtant, le grand absent de l'événement est bien Paul Delaroche, celui dont l'influence est revendiquée par tous. Cet article vise à mettre en perspective ces considérations critiques, à un moment clé où le modèle du « genre historique » proposé par les artistes français s'impose tout en étant de plus en plus contesté.
Dans la brume électrique. La physique des météores sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Locher Fabien 
Published: October 2015

L'histoire des approches scientifiques de l'atmosphère suscite un intérêt croissant. Cet article contribue à ce chantier en analysant la trajectoire d'Athanase Peltier, le promoteur, sous la monarchie de Juillet, d'une physique des météores combinant observation et imitation expérimentale. Est étudiée la manière dont la pratique investit une série d'espaces, de ses appartements privés aux auberges de montagne, pour les transformer en sites de production et de validation de connaissances, selon un modèle très différent de celui qui, au même moment, s'impose avec les sciences humboldtiennes. C'est aussi le rôle de la physique des météores en tant que savoir d'expertise judiciaire qui est interrogé, autour des affaires des « trombes » de Chatenay, Monville et Malaunay.
Donner du corps lorsque bébé n’est plus là
Authors: Martineau Élisabeth 
Published: October 2015

Cet article aborde le thème du corps de l’enfant lorsqu’il est né sans vie. Par son témoignage personnel, l’auteure souligne l’importance de mots, de gestes et d’actes concrets tels que les obsèques ou l’inscription à l’état civil, qui donnent corps aux bébés décédant en période périnatale et permettent aux parents d’amorcer leur deuil. L’accouchement d’un bébé mort est rarement abordé. Ici, Élisabeth Martineau nous livre avec pudeur les étapes de son expérience et ses questionnements : ne pourrait-on pas respecter l’enfant mort jusqu’à lui accorder une « naissance » heureuse ? Quid des rituels post mortem ? L’auteur coordonne depuis trois ans l’événement « Une fleur, une vie », à Paris, qui répond aussi à ce besoin essentiel chez les parents endeuillés de donner corps à leur bébé de manière symbolique, avec d’autres, pour avancer sur leur chemin de deuil.
Household Water and Waste Management of Communities near Spring Waters in Argao, Cebu Philippines
Authors: Alburo Rosalyn P. , Alburo Hemres M. , Pinote Juanita P. , Cutillas Anecito L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study recognized the importance of water in life. As such, 241 households from 25 spring water communities in Argao, Cebu were interviewed. The interview looked into the utilization of spring waters, waste generation and disposal, as well as, their perceptions on water and waste management. Results showed that households used spring waters for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. Eight (8) springs have existing piping system that transports water to other sitios. Nine (9) springs support rice farms. Kitchen waste, glass bottles, paper, garden waste (lawn trimmings), plastic bags, broken glasses, hard plastics, cartons/boxes, metals and pet wastes, comprised the top 10 wastes generated by households and the disposal varies with waste types. It was noted that the respondents’ perceptions were significantly correlated with the level of education. Moreover, analyses showed that the respondents’ belief were in conflict with their practices.
Power asymmetry in conflict resolution with application to a water pollution dispute in China
Authors: Yu Jing , Kilgour D. Marc , Hipel Keith W. , Zhao Min 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe concept of power asymmetry is incorporated into the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) and then applied to a water pollution dispute in China in order to show how it can provide strategic insights into courses of action. In a new definition of power asymmetry, one of the decision makers (DMs) in a conflict can influence the preferences of other DMs by taking advantage of additional options reflecting the particular DM's more powerful position. The more powerful DM may have three different kinds of power: direct positive, direct negative, or indirect. It is useful to analyze a model of a conflict without power asymmetry, and then to analyze a power‐asymmetric model. As demonstrated by analysis of the water quality controversy that took place at the border separating the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, this novel conflict resolution methodology can be readily applied to real‐world strategic conflicts to gain an enhanced understanding of the effects of asymmetric power.
Numerical simulations of hydraulic redistribution across climates: The role of the root hydraulic conductivities
Authors: Quijano Juan C. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHydraulic redistribution, a process by which vegetation roots redistribute soil moisture, has been recognized as an important mechanism impacting several processes that regulate plant water uptake, energy and water partitioning, and biogeochemical cycling. We analyze how the magnitude of hydraulic redistribution varies across ecosystems that are exposed to different climates and seasonal patterns of incoming shortwave radiation and precipitation. Numerical simulation studies are performed over 10 Ameriflux sites, which show that hydraulic redistribution predictions are significantly influenced by the specified root hydraulic conductivities. We performed sensitivity analyses by considering expected ranges of root conductivities based on previous experimental studies, and found contrasting patterns in energy‐limited and water‐limited ecosystems. In energy‐limited ecosystems, there is a threshold above which high root conductivities enhance hydraulic redistribution with no increase in transpiration, while in water‐limited ecosystems increase in root conductivities was always associated with enhancements in both transpiration and hydraulic redistribution. Further we found differences in the magnitude and seasonality of hydraulic redistribution and transpiration across different climates, regulated by interplay between precipitation and transpiration. The annual hydraulic redistribution to transpiration flux ratio (HR/Tr) was significant in Mediterranean climates (HR/Tr
30%), and in the tropical humid climates (HR/Tr
15%). However, in the continental climates hydraulic redistribution occurs only during sporadic precipitation events throughout the summer resulting in lower annual magnitudes (HR/Tr < 5%). These results provide more insights for suitable implementation of numerical models to capture belowground processes in eco‐hydrology, and enhance our understanding about the variability of hydraulic redistribution across different climates.
A new bathymetry of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf: Constraints on glacial and other processes
Authors: Arndt Jan Erik , Jokat Wilfried , Dorschel Boris , Myklebust Reidun , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Evans Jeffrey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new digital bathymetric model (DBM) for the Northeast Greenland (NEG) continental shelf (74°N–81°N) is presented. The DBM has a grid cell size of 250 m × 250 m and incorporates bathymetric data from 30 multibeam cruises, more than 20 single‐beam cruises and first reflector depths from industrial seismic lines. The new DBM substantially improves the bathymetry compared to older models. The DBM not only allows a better delineation of previously known seafloor morphology but, in addition, reveals the presence of previously unmapped morphological features including glacially derived troughs, fjords, grounding‐zone wedges, and lateral moraines. These submarine landforms are used to infer the past extent and ice‐flow dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the last full‐glacial period of the Quaternary and subsequent ice retreat across the continental shelf. The DBM reveals cross‐shelf bathymetric troughs that may enable the inflow of warm Atlantic water masses across the shelf, driving enhanced basal melting of the marine‐terminating outlet glaciers draining the ice sheet to the coast in Northeast Greenland. Knolls, sinks, and hummocky seafloor on the middle shelf are also suggested to be related to salt diapirism. North‐south‐orientated elongate depressions are identified that probably relate to ice‐marginal processes in combination with erosion caused by the East Greenland Current. A single guyot‐like peak has been discovered and is interpreted to have been produced during a volcanic event approximately 55 Ma ago.
A global prediction of seafloor sediment porosity using machine learning
Authors: Martin Kylara M. , Wood Warren T. , Becker Joseph J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPorosity (void ratio) is a critical parameter in models of acoustic propagation, bearing strength, and many other seafloor phenomena. However, like many seafloor phenomena, direct measurements are expensive and sparse. We show here how porosity everywhere at the seafloor can be estimated using a machine learning technique (specifically, Random Forests). Such techniques use sparsely acquired direct samples and dense grids of other parameters to produce a statistically optimal estimate where direct measurements are lacking. Our porosity estimate is both qualitatively more consistent with geologic principles than the results produced by interpolation and quantitatively more accurate than results produced by interpolation or regression methods. We present here a seafloor porosity estimate on a 5 arc min, pixel registered grid, produced using widely available, densely sampled grids of other seafloor properties. These techniques represent the only practical means of estimating seafloor properties in inaccessible regions of the seafloor (e.g., the Arctic).
Observed and modeled patterns of covariability between low‐level cloudiness and the structure of the trade‐wind layer
Authors: Nuijens Louise , Medeiros Brian , Sandu Irina , Ahlgrimm Maike 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present patterns of covariability between low‐level cloudiness and the trade‐wind boundary layer structure using long‐term measurements at a site representative of dynamical regimes with moderate subsidence or weak ascent. We compare these with ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System and 10 CMIP5 models. By using single‐time step output at a single location, we find that models can produce a fairly realistic trade‐wind layer structure in long‐term means, but with unrealistic variability at shorter‐time scales. The unrealistic variability in modeled cloudiness near the lifting condensation level (LCL) is due to stronger than observed relationships with mixed‐layer relative humidity (RH) and temperature stratification at the mixed‐layer top. Those relationships are weak in observations, or even of opposite sign, which can be explained by a negative feedback of convection on cloudiness. Cloudiness near cumulus tops at the trade‐wind inversion instead varies more pronouncedly in observations on monthly time scales, whereby larger cloudiness relates to larger surface winds and stronger trade‐wind inversions. However, these parameters appear to be a prerequisite, rather than strong controlling factors on cloudiness, because they do not explain submonthly variations in cloudiness. Models underestimate the strength of these relationships and diverge in particular in their responses to large‐scale vertical motion. No model stands out by reproducing the observed behavior in all respects. These findings suggest that climate models do not realistically represent the physical processes that underlie the coupling between trade‐wind clouds and their environments in present‐day climate, which is relevant for how we interpret modeled cloud feedbacks.
Eulerian network modeling of longitudinal dispersion
Authors: Mehmani Yashar , Balhoff Matthew T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel Eulerian network model that incorporates “shear dispersion,” the stretching of solute due to nonuniform velocity profiles within pore throats is developed. The superposing transport method (STM) is nonlocal in time (i.e., uses information from several previous time steps) and is equivalent to performing network‐wide time convolutions of elementary throat response functions. Predicted macroscopic longitudinal dispersion coefficients for disordered sphere packs are in good agreement with published experimental data. We further investigate the impact of mixing assumptions within pores on macroscopic longitudinal dispersion and find the dependence to be weak for disordered sphere packs. Limitations of Eulerian network models as a whole are also discussed, and their inappropriateness for ordered porous media concluded.
Dragons Adrift: The New Chinese Landscape
Authors: Wolf Nancy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe work of New York‐based artist Nancy Wolf is preoccupied with the relationship between people and the contemporary city. Here she explains how a meeting with scholar and poet Lap Lam in Hong Kong provided much of the inspiration for her work in China, which she describes as ‘a commentary on the enormous changes in today's Chinese landscape created by Modernist architecture and urban planning’.
Aldol Reactions of Ketone Donors with Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketone Acceptors Catalyzed by 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) for Concise Access to Aryl‐ and Trifluoromethyl‐ Substituted Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Dongxin , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMolecules bearing aryl‐ and trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary alcohol moieties are important as bioactive molecules, enantiomer‐discriminating reagents, and their synthons and building blocks. To concisely synthesize these molecules, we have developed aldol reactions of ketone donors with aryl trifluoromethyl ketone acceptors catalyzed by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). The reactions were relatively fast, and the products were obtained in good to high yields under mild conditions. The CC bonds of the aldol reactions formed in perfect regioselectivities at the methyl group of the alkyl methyl ketones, at the γ‐position of the β‐keto esters, and at the methyl group of the β‐methyl‐substituted cyclic enones. For the aldol products from the reactions of β‐keto esters, the enantiomerically pure forms were obtained by resolution of the enamines of the aldol products with a homochiral amine. Our methods provide a concise, fast access to molecules with tetrasubstituted carbon centers with trifluoromethyl‐substituted alcohol moieties.magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Tandem Aryldifluoroacetylation of Cinnamamides: Access to Difluoroacetylated Quinolone‐2‐ones And 1‐Azaspiro[4.5]decanes
Authors: Gu Zhangxi , Zhang Honglin , Xu Pan , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA visible light‐mediated difluoroacetylation of cinnamamides with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a CF2 radical precursor is described. The reaction incorporates tandem cyclization or cyclization/dearomatization processes. The latter process occurs when there is a p‐RO substituent on the aniline. This protocol affords straightforward new routes to separately synthesize quinoline‐2‐ones and spiro[4.5]decanes in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Dearomatization of Indoles via a Phenol‐Directed Vanadium‐ Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation and Ring‐Opening Cascade
Authors: Han Long , Zhang Wei , Shi Xiao‐Xin , You Shu‐Li 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn enantioselective dearomatization of indole derivatives was realized by the complexes derived from the vanadium complex VO(acac)2 and C2‐symmetric bis‐hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands. The reaction proceeded via asymmetric epoxidation and ring‐opening by the linked phenol cascade, affording 5a,6,10b,11‐tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]indol‐10b‐ol derivatives in up to 83% yield and 98% ee under mild reaction conditions.magnified image