bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Factors Associated With High-Quality Communication for Critically Ill Children
Authors: Walter Jennifer K. , Benneyworth Brian D. , Housey Michelle , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:Timely, high quality communication with families is essential to family-centered decision-making. Quality communication is represented by widespread documentation of prognostic, goals-of-care conversations (PGOCC) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and should occur without variation by patient characteristics.METHODS:Cohort included 645 PICU admissions in the top decile of risk of mortality on admission over six years. Electronic medical records were used to determine PGOCC, diagnosis on admission and complex chronic condition (CCC) status. Multivariate logistic regression and time-to-event analyses were used.RESULTS:Overall, 31% had a documented PGOCC. 51% had CCC status. 11% had an oncologic, 13% had a cardiovascular diagnosis on admission. 94% of patients who died in the PICU had PGOCC documented, but among the 200 patients with documented PGOCC, 78% did not die in the PICU. Oncologic diagnosis on admission was associated with a higher likelihood of PGOCC compared to non-CCC patients (ARR=1.86; SE=0.26) whereas no other diagnosis category reached the level of statistical significance. Median time from admission to PGOCC was 2 days. Age, gender and CCC status were not associated with whether a PGOCC was documented or with time from admission to PGOCC documentation. 45% of PGOCC in the cohort and 50% of conversations in patients with CCC were documented by PICU physicians.CONCLUSIONS:This study reveals the opportunity for improvement in documentation of PGOCC for critically ill children. It raises the questions of why there is variation of PGOCC across disease categories and whether PGOCC should be considered a quality measure for family-centered care.
Management of Bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department: Impact of Evidence-Based Guidelines?
Authors: Johnson Lara W. , Robles Janie , Hudgins Amanda , Osburn Shea , Martin Devona , Thompson Amy 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Recent practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend limiting use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and diagnostic testing for patients with bronchiolitis. We sought to determine the association of the evidence-based guidelines with bronchiolitis care in the emergency department (ED).

METHODS:
We analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative sample of ED visits. We compared utilization for patient visits before and after the publication of the guidelines. We used logistic regression to determine the association of the availability of the guidelines with resource utilization.

RESULTS:
Bronchodilators were used in 53.8% of patient visits with no differences noted after the introduction of the guidelines (53.6% vs 54.2%, P = .91). Systemic steroids were used in 20.4% of patient visits, and antibiotics were given in 33.2% of visits. There were no changes in the frequency of corticosteroid (21.9% vs 17.8%, P = .31) or antibiotic (33.6% vs 29.7%, P = .51) use. There was an associated decrease in use of chest x-rays (65.3% vs 48.6%, P = .005). This association remained significant after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.26–0.67).

CONCLUSIONS:
For patients seen in the ED with bronchiolitis, utilization of diagnostic imaging has decreased with the availability of the American Academy of Pediatrics practice guidelines. However, there has not been an associated decrease in use of nonrecommended therapies. Targeted efforts will likely be required to change practice significantly.
Assessing Quality Improvement in Health Care: Theory for Practice
Authors: Kleinman Lawrence C. , Dougherty Denise 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVES:
To review the role of theory as a means to enhance the practice of quality improvement (QI) research and to propose a novel conceptual model focused on the operations of health care.

METHODS:
Conceptual model, informed by literature review.

RESULTS:
To optimize learning across QI studies requires the integration of small-scale theories (middle-range theories, theories of change) within the context of larger unifying theories. We propose that health care QI research would benefit from a theory that describes the operations of health care delivery, including the multiplicity of roles that interpersonal interactions play. The broadest constructs of the model are entry into the system, and assessment and management of the patient, with the subordinate operations of access; recognition, assessment, and diagnosis; and medical decision-making (developing a plan), coordination of care, execution of care, referral and reassessment, respectively. Interpersonal aspects of care recognize the patient/caregiver as a source of information, an individual in a cultural context, a complex human being, and a partner in their care. Impacts to any and all of these roles may impact the quality of care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Such a theory can promote opportunities for moving the field forward and organizing the planning and interpretation of comparable studies. The articulation of such a theory may simultaneously provide guidance for the QI researcher and an opportunity for refinement and improvement.
Effect of Fluorine on the Diffusion of Boron in Amorphous Silicon
Authors: Jacques J. M. , Robertson L. S. , Jones K. S. , Bennett Joe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFluorine and boron co-implantation within amorphous silicon has been studied in order to meet the process challenges regarding p+ ultra-shallow junction formation. Previous experiments have shown that fluorine can reduce boron TED (Transient Enhanced Diffusion), enhance boron solubility and reduce sheet resistance. In this study, boron diffusion characteristics prior to solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER) of the amorphous layer in the presence of fluorine are addressed. Samples were pre-amorphized with Si+ at a dose of 1x1015 ions/cm2 and energy of 70 keV, leading to a deep continuous amorphous surface of approximately 1500 Å. After pre-amorphization, B+ was implanted at a dose of 1x1015 ions/cm2 and energy of 500 eV, while F+ was implanted at a dose of 2x1015 ions/cm2 and energies ranging from 3 keV to 9 keV. Subsequent furnace anneals for the F+ implant energy of 6 keV were conducted at 550°C, for times ranging from 5 minutes to 260 minutes. During annealing, the boron in samples co-implanted with fluorine exhibited significant enhanced diffusion within amorphous silicon. After recrystallization, the boron diffusivity was dramatically reduced. Boron in samples with no fluorine did not diffuse during SPER. Prior to annealing, SIMS profiles demonstrated that boron concentration tails broadened with increasing fluorine implant energy. Enhanced dopant motion in as-implanted samples is presumably attributed to implant knock-on or recoil effects.
Association Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Clinical Attachment Loss in Japanese Postmenopausal Females
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Taylor George W. , Nakamura Kazutoshi , Yoshihara Akihiro , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: March 2013

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with severe clinical attachment loss (AL). The effect of dental restoration on AL was not considered in most studies. In addition, studies of this association in Japanese individuals are limited. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to evaluate the possible association between BMD and AL with dental restoration information in Japanese community‐dwelling postmenopausal females.Methods: The participants were 397 females (average age: 68.2 years). BMDs of the lumbar spine and right proximal femur were measured by the dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry method. Based on lower BMD/young adult mean (YAM) among the two sites measured, participants were classified into three groups: 1) normal: BMD = 80% YAM or higher (n = 161); 2) osteopenia: BMD = 70% to 80% YAM (n = 136); and 3) osteoporosis: BMD = <70% YAM (n = 100). Multivariable analyses of the differences in AL values among three BMD groups was conducted using general linear models. Adjustments for the percentage of teeth restored and other covariates were considered.Results: Individuals with osteopenia had significantly higher average AL than individuals with normal BMD (P = 0.022). Additionally, the osteoporosis group displayed significantly higher average AL (P = 0.003) and higher percentages of sites with AL ≥4 mm (P = 0.007).Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that low systemic BMD was associated with severe AL in Japanese community‐dwelling postmenopausal females.
Optimizing Strawberry Fruit Yield with Response Surface Methodology in a Central Composite Design
Authors: Peng Hung‐Sheng , Chang Ji‐Chung , Chiu Chen‐Chan , Lai Po‐Yung , Lay Horng‐Liang 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTUsing appropriate experimental design and modeling approach is important for predicting fruit yield of strawberry (Fragaria virginianaMill.). A field study with Taoyuen 3 (T3) strawberry, a hybrid ofFragaria virginianaandFragaria chiloensis(L.) Mill., was conducted at Taitung County, Taiwan, using a central composite design (CCD) to optimize its fruit yield. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a three‐variable and five‐level CCD, was employed to obtain an optimal combination of porphyritic andesite (X1: 20 g kg−1), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (X2: 9 g kg−1), and soil pH levels (X3: 6.5) for predicting yields and maximum fruit productivity (10.3 g fruit−1). The data obtained in this study were fitted to a second‐order polynomial using multiple regression analysis. The observed data were in close agreement with the predicted value (two‐tailed independentttest withp= 0.923) based on the model. Our data indicate that RSM is a reliable approach to develop a model for predicting the fruit yields of the T3 strawberry in net houses.
Morphological Responses to Low Plant Population Differ Between Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Board James E. , Kahlon Charanjit S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBecause of increased seed costs for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], minimizing plant population to a level that still optimizes yield (minimal optimal plant population) has become important. Because little is known about possible genotypic strategies addressing this problem, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine the relative accuracy of three putative selection criteria for genotypic differences in minimal optimal plant population and (ii) use the best criterion to identify cultivar differences within the southern U.S. public cultivar germplasm collection. Two studies to address these objectives were conducted near Baton Rouge, LA (30° N lat). The first study (in 2007 to 2008) involved eight cultivars grown at normal (198,000 plants ha−1) and sparse plant populations (10,000 plants ha−1). Cultivar potential for a low minimal optimal plant population was assessed by relative yield (%) in sparse vs. normal plant population. Normalized branch dry matter (BDM) per plant (BDM per days to R5) was the most accurate selection criterion for minimal optimal plant population. This criterion was then used in a second study to assess minimal optimal plant population differences among 41 cultivars. Wide differences in normalized BDM per plant occurred, ranging from 0.10 to 1.50 g per plant d−1. In conclusion, normalized BDM per plant is an accurate and efficient selection measure for minimal optimal plant population.
The Impact of Pre- and Post-Lecture Quizzes on Performance in Intermediate Accounting II
Authors: Brink Alisa G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an investigation of the impact of online quizzing on accounting majors' examination performance in the second intermediate accounting course. Specifically, course sections with no quizzes, post-lecture quizzes, and a combination of pre- and post-lecture quizzes are compared. The data are based on 666 students completing Intermediate Accounting II at a large public university in the United States. Results suggest that using both pre- and post-lecture quizzes can lead to improved student preparation, increased student participation during class discussions, more effective use of lecture time, and significant improvement in students' performance on subsequent examinations. Significant interactions between GPA and the presence of pre- and post-lecture quizzes indicate that the effectiveness of specific quiz formats is contingent upon student aptitude level. Students with low GPAs benefit more from the addition of post-lecture quizzes, while students with higher GPAs benefit more from the addition of pre-lecture quizzes.
Towards drugging the ‘undruggable’: enhancing the scaffold diversity of synthetic small molecule screening collections using diversity-oriented synthesis
Authors: Galloway Warren R.J.D. , Spring David R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMedicinal chemistry research has traditionally focused upon a limited set of biological targets. Many other human disease-related targets have been termed ‘undruggable’ as they have proved largely impervious to modulation by small molecules. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that such targets can indeed be modulated; they are simply being challenged with the wrong types of molecules. Traditionally, screening libraries were composed of large numbers of structurally similar compounds. However, library size is not everything; the structural diversity of the library, which is largely dictated by the range of molecular scaffolds present, is crucial. Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) generates small molecule libraries with high levels of scaffold, and thus structural, diversity. Such collections should provide hits against a broad range of targets with high frequency, including ‘undruggable’ targets. Examples in the area of scaffold diversity generation taken from the author’s laboratories are given.
Children’s Perspectives through the Camera Lens
Authors: Kondo Kaoruko , Sjöberg Ulrika 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In relation to any claims about “child-centred” research, the present article stresses the need to reflect on what is actually at stake in terms of participation and the meaning-making processes that evolve in a certain research setting. Our experiences with photo-taking methods are based on two separate studies involving children (age 5-8 years) and young adolescents (age 12-16 year). Taking a constructivist approach, the article draws special attention to issues related to the age of the children, the type of camera used, the researcher’s status in the fieldwork and the type of data acquired through these children’s photos. The article stresses the need to perceive the story behind the photo as an outcome of how the child chose to position him/herself within a certain research context, which in turn affects how the child sees, thinks and acts, but also what he/she sees.
Rolling News as Disruptive Change
Authors: Konow Lund Maria Theresa , Puijk Roel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In the present article, we compare the models that the management in two leading commercial Norwegian media organizations, one with a foothold in the written press, VerdensGang (VG), and one in television, TV 2, have used in dealing with the disruptive change in news caused by the introduction of rolling news. Both started with an experimental internal phase but later used different models to organize their news production. By establishing a spin-off, separate from the printed newspaper, VG retreated from synergies between online and offline productions, but gained by having two organizations dedicated to the processes and values of each medium. Their online services are financed by advertisements alone. The commercially financed television channel, TV 2, used an acquisition model, but encountered problems with integrating the parts. Today, their strategy involves a proliferation of digital TV channels, financed by a combination of advertisements and payment from viewers. Not only their Internet site, but particularly their 24/7 news channel Nyhetskanalen is a central element in the production of continous news.
Freelance Journalists’ Ethical Boundary Settings in Information Work
Authors: Ladendorf Martina 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The borders between the media genres journalism and information or PR are blurring, and this development is especially noticeable among freelance journalists. How does this affect freelance journalists, particularly their ethical reasoning? Thirteen interviews with freelancers living in a peripheral northern county in Sweden were analyzed, using a combination of discourse analysis and narrative theory methods and a virtue ethics theoretical framework. It was found that 11 out of 13 informants worked occasionally or regularly with information-type assignments. To sustain the informants’ professional roles and selfidentities of integrity and impartiality, having boundary settings between, first, information/ PR and journalist roles and, second, information and journalist type assignments was crucial. It was evident that individual ethics had replaced professional principles. The freelancers reflexively process media industry constraints, together with their everyday working conditions, in a situation where the ideals and norms of the profession constitute the background for their individual action ethics.
Odontogenic fibroma — a case report
Authors: Koszowski Rafał , Śmieszek-Wilczewska Joanna , Stęplewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
IThe present study outlines the case of a 30-year-old patient with central odontogenic fibroma. The tumour developed in the alveolar process of the maxilla in the area of 13–15. The study describes the clinical symptoms, the radiological image, treatment method and histopathological image of the tumour. The study also presents a one-year period of post-surgical observation.
Review of Cheyletid Mites of the Genus Cheletopsis (Acari, Cheyletidae) from the Quills of Waders in Southern Ukraine, with Description of a New Species
Authors: Chernichko K. I. , Kivganov D. A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Cheyletid mites of the genus Cheletopsis Oudemans, 1904 from the quills of waders of southern Ukraine are listed. Cheletopsis ferrugineae Chernichko et Kivganov, sp. n. from Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (Pontoppidan, 1763) is described. Previously unknown male of С. charadrii Mironov, Bochkov et Chirov, 1991 is described
Predictive value of neuromarkers supported by a set of clinical criteria in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase on trial
Authors: Wolf Harald , Frantal Sophie , Pajenda Gholam S. , Salameh Olivia , Widhalm Harald , Hajdu Stefan , Sarahrudi Kambiz 
Published: March 2013

Object
The role of the neuromarkers S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in minor head injury is well established. Moreover, there are sensitive decision rules available in the literature to identify clinically important brain lesions. However, it is not clear if using the biomarkers has an influence on the predictability of the decision rule. The purpose of this study was to determine if a set of preclinical and clinical parameters combined with 2 neuromarker levels could serve as reliable guidance for accurate diagnosis.

Methods
Prospective evaluation of a cohort of head trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13–15 was performed at an academic, Level I trauma center. Blood samples and cranial CT studies were obtained for all patients within 3 hours after injury. The hypothesis of the study was whether the combination of an increase of S100B and NSE levels in serum and other defined risk factors are associated with a pathological finding on CT. A forward stepwise logistic regression model was used.

Results
The study included 107 head trauma patients with a mean age of 59 ± 23 years. Twenty-five patients (23.4%) had traumatic lesions on CT. Eight patients underwent craniotomy. The analysis provided a model with good overall accuracy for discriminating cases with clinically important brain injury, including the 6 variables of S100B, NSE, nausea, amnesia, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 (0.83–0.93). The receiver operating characteristic curve plots detecting clinically important brain injury for the single variables of S100B and NSE showed an AUC of 0.63 and 0.64, respectively.

Conclusions
The integration of the neuromarker panel as part of a diagnostic rule including the high-risk factors of nausea, vomiting, amnesia, and loss of consciousness is safe and reliable in determining a diagnosis, pending the availability of more brain-specific neuromarkers. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00622778 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Subclinical ischemia verified by somatosensory evoked potential amplitude reduction during carotid endarterectomy: negative effects on cognitive performance
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Ohwaki Kazuhiro , Tamura Akira , Tsutsumi Kazuo , Saito Isamu , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: March 2013

Object
Although the mechanisms underlying neurocognitive changes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are poorly understood, intraoperative ischemia and postoperative hemodynamic changes may play a role.

Methods
Data from 81 patients who underwent unilateral CEA with routine shunt use for carotid artery stenosis were retrospectively evaluated. These patients underwent neuropsychological examinations (NPEs), including assessment by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised before and 6 months after CEA. Results of NPEs were converted into z scores, from which pre- and postoperative cognitive composite scores (CSpre and CSpost) were obtained. The association between the change of CS between pre- and postoperative NPEs (that is, CSpost − CSpre [CSpost – pre]) and various variables was assessed. These latter variables included ischemic or hemodynamic parameters such as 1) intraoperative hypoperfusion detected by somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) change—that is, an SSEP amplitude reduction more than 50% and longer than 5 minutes (SSEP< 50%, > 5 min); 2) new lesions on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging studies; and 3) preexisting hemodynamic impairment. Paired t-tests of the NPE scores were performed to determine the net effect of these factors on neurocognitive function at 6 months.

Results
A significant CSpost – pre decrease was observed in patients with SSEP< 50%, > 5 min when compared with those without SSEP< 50%, > 5 min (−0.225 vs 0.018; p = 0.012). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SSEP< 50%, > 5 min independently and negatively correlated with CSpost – pre (p = 0.0020). In the group-rate analysis, postoperative NPE scores were significantly improved relative to preoperative scores.

Conclusions
Hypoperfusion during cross-clamping, as verified by SSEP amplitude reduction, plays a significant role in the subtle decline in cognition following CEA. However, this detrimental effect was small, and various confounding factors were present. Based on these observations and the group-rate analysis, the authors conclude that successful unilateral CEA with routine shunt use does not adversely affect postoperative cognitive function.