bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the synergy: How natural resources, energy prices and financial development drive the energy transition in N‐11 countries
Authors: Zhou Aiping , Zhang Xiao , Li Weichen , Zafar Muhammad Wasif 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe energy transition (ET) is one of the major components of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. Based on the growing recognition of the need for sustainable energy, this study aims to investigate the influence of natural resource rent, energy prices (EPs), financial development (FD), trade and economic growth on the ET from 1990 to 2021 in N‐11 countries. The study employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares techniques for the panel data analysis. These test findings revealed that natural resources rent, EPs, trade and economic growth are positively and significantly associated with ET. It indicates that these factors' are essential in promoting the shift towards renewable and sustainable energy sources. Whereas FD has a negative relationship with the ET, which underscores the need for targeted interventions and policy measures to address the challenges faced by financial systems. Moreover, the Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test results declared the bidirectional association between natural resources and FD, economic growth and EPs and trade with all other variables. The study's outcomes suggest policy implications to promote and accelerate the ET process towards a greener and more sustainable future.
Critical Rural Theory: A Decade of Influence on Rural Education Research☆
Authors: Pfrenger Wendy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRural education researchers have long been interested in the impact of increasing urbanization, with its attendant shifts in policy, culture, and capital mobility, on rural people and communities, but their findings have existed largely to the side of “mainstream” research examining urban and suburban populations. With the publication in 2011 of Critical Rural Theory: Structure, Space, Culture, scholars acquired a new theoretical tool for inquiring into processes of place‐making, identity formation, curricular design, and policy implementation. This article establishes key elements of the theory as they have been applied in both K‐12 and higher education research, giving attention to current gaps in the literature as well as future directions for theoretical elaboration. Essential areas of focus include critical rural theory's applications in K‐12 curricula and policy studies as well as research on community capitals, college transitions, and intersectional identity in higher education contexts.
Tweet like Trump: Political branding and Twitter usage among congressional candidates in 2020 and 2022
Authors: Horan Jennifer , Brubaker Jennifer , King Aaron , Meinhold Stephen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe examine how congressional candidates use social media such as Twitter (X) to promote a political brand and connect with voters during campaigns.MethodsUsing a mixed‐method, interdisciplinary approach, we first conduct a brand analysis using 22 candidates from 11 open‐seat races in 2020. We develop and test several hypotheses using our races from 2020 and the subsequent contests in these districts in 2022, as well as the universe of tweets from all congressional candidates from the 2020 and 2022 general election campaigns (n = 789,411).ResultsWe find the three prominent themes present in our brand analysis—the adoption of gender roles, the mimicking of Trump, and expressions of populism—persist when we examine the Twitter posts from congressional candidates in 2020 and 2022. Male and female candidates behave differently on Twitter as do Republicans and Democrats. Most Republican candidates, regardless of gender, mimic the Trump brand rife with populist themes.ConclusionWe integrate research from political science and communication studies to gain a better understanding of how congressional candidates present their political brand to voters. We raise new questions scholars from the social sciences must consider while studying these phenomena in a fast‐evolving political and social media landscape.
Supervenient fixity and agential possibilities
Authors: Sekatskaya Maria , Gebharter Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the central problems within the free will debate lies in the apparent incompatibility of an agent's ability to do otherwise and determinism. Recently, compatibilist libertarianism was proposed as an actualist position intended to finally reconcile both. In this article, we argue that in order to maintain consistency, this position must be understood as a variant of classical compatibilism rather than a version of libertarianism. Though this seems to be an undesired consequence for proponents of compatibilist libertarianism, we think that it is not that bad. We show that recent objections to this position can be avoided by embracing its compatibilist nature and argue that a modified version of compatibilist libertarianism might very well be as close to an actualist account of free will in a deterministic world as one can hope for.
Detecting serologically difficult ABO blood groups using single‐molecule real‐time sequencing technology
Authors: Wang Zhe , Chu Yushuang , Xiao Yanlin , Bian Maohong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecently, third‐generation long‐read sequencing technology has been increasingly applied to the detection of various blood group systems. Because of its long read length and use of single‐molecule sequencing, it is capable of obtaining the sequences of blood group genes in their entirety as well as of distinguishing haplotypes. Therefore, here, we collected ABO blood group samples that were difficult to classify serologically and analysed the sequences of the coding regions of the ABO genes as well as the sequences upstream and downstream of the coding regions.Materials and MethodsSamples with ABO antigen typing and reverse serum typing discrepancies were screened in a total of 21 patients. All samples were subjected to serological testing and preliminary ABO genotyping (polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers [PCR‐SSP]), followed by single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequencing to obtain complete ABO gene sequences. PCR sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT) was performed to validate the results.ResultsOf the 21 samples, 15 had common ABO types, and 6 had rare ABO subtypes. One new allele, ABO*B.NEW (c.861C>T), and one allelic base recombination event was identified. Forty‐two haplotype sequences were obtained via SMRT sequencing with intronic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) specific to the ABO allele, and all of the exon region sequences were consistent with the PCR‐SBT results.ConclusionSMRT sequencing is capable of accurately obtaining complete ABO gene sequences, distinguishing haplotypes and identifying allelic recombination.
Multiple layers of diversity govern the cell type specificity of GABAergic input received by mouse subicular pyramidal neurons
Authors: Borjas Nancy Castro , Anstötz Max , Maccaferri Gianmaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe subiculum is a key region of the brain involved in the initiation of pathological activity in temporal lobe epilepsy, and local GABAergic inhibition is essential to prevent subicular‐originated epileptiform discharges. Subicular pyramidal cells may be easily distinguished into two classes based on their different firing patterns. Here, we have compared the strength of the GABAa receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents received by regular‐ vs. burst‐firing subicular neurons and their dynamic modulation by the activation of μ opioid receptors. We have taken advantage of the sequential re‐patching of the same cell to initially classify pyramidal neurons according to their firing patters, and then to measure GABAergic events triggered by the optogenetic stimulation of parvalbumin‐ and somatostatin‐expressing interneurons. Activation of parvalbumin‐expressing cells generated larger responses in postsynaptic burst‐firing neurons whereas the opposite was observed for currents evoked by the stimulation of somatostatin‐expressing interneurons. In all cases, events depended critically on ω‐agatoxin IVA‐ but not on ω‐conotoxin GVIA‐sensitive calcium channels. Optogenetic GABAergic input originating from both parvalbumin‐ and somatostatin‐expressing cells was reduced in amplitude following the exposure to a μ opioid receptor agonist. The kinetics of this pharmacological sensitivity was different in regular‐ vs. burst‐firing neurons, but only when responses were evoked by the activation of parvalbumin‐expressing neurons, whereas no differences were observed when somatostatin‐expressing cells were stimulated. In conclusion, our results show that a high degree of complexity regulates the organizing principles of subicular GABAergic inhibition, with the interaction of pre‐ and postsynaptic diversity at multiple levels.
imageKey points
Optogenetic stimulation of parvalbumin‐ and somatostatin‐expressing interneurons (PVs and SOMs) triggers inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in both regular‐ and burst‐firing (RFs and BFs) subicular pyramidal cells.
The amplitude of optogenetically evoked IPSCs from PVs (PV‐opto IPSCs) is larger in BFs whereas IPSCs generated by the light activation of SOMs (SOM‐opto IPSCs) are larger in RFs.
Both PV‐ and SOM‐opto IPSCs critically depend on ω‐agatoxin IVA‐sensitive P/Q type voltage‐gated calcium channels, whereas no major effects are observed following exposure to ω‐conotoxin GVIA, suggesting no significant involvement of N‐type channels.
The amplitude of both PV‐ and SOM‐opto IPSCs is reduced by the probable pharmacological activation of presynaptic μ opioid receptors, with a faster kinetics of the effect observed in PV‐opto IPSCs from RFs vs. BFs, but not in SOM‐opto IPSCs.
These results help us understand the complex interactions between different layers of diversity regulating GABAergic input onto subicular microcircuits.
Stroboscopic Goggles Impair Postural Control in Those With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Uzlasir Serkan , Mohess Josh , Lee Hyunwook , Rooney Shay , Wikstrom Erik A. 
Published: August 2024

Clinical Scenario: Ankle sprains are highly common and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI have a variety of sensorimotor impairments including poor postural control and altered sensory organization strategies. Visual occlusion modalities, if worn during neuromuscular control exercises, may facilitate greater postural control gains and a more appropriate sensory organization strategy. However, a cumulative review of the ability of visual occlusion modalities (e.g., stroboscopic goggles) to impair postural control and thus demonstrate the potential to facilitate greater postural gains has not yet been completed. Clinical Question: Does stroboscopic vision impair postural control in those with and without CAI, and if so, is the impairment comparable between the groups? Summary of Key Findings: Regardless of how postural control was assessed, stroboscopic vision impaired postural control relative to an eyes open (i.e., no goggles) condition. All studies demonstrated that those with and without CAI were impacted equally. Stroboscopic vision resulted in postural control impairments comparable to an eyes closed in some but not all studies. Clinical Bottom Line: Stroboscopic vision impairs postural control in both those with CAI and uninjured controls. Strength of Recommendation: There is moderate-quality evidence (Grade B) that stroboscopic vision impairs postural control in those with CAI and uninjured controls.
The Prevalence of Hypohydration in School-Sponsored Athletes Across and Within Practice Sessions
Authors: Yee Grant G. , Nolte Tiffanie M. , Bouchard Tyler Z. , Meyer Courtney M. , McDermott Brendon P. , Richards Zachery T. , Rosehart Stephanie A. , Yeargin Susan W. 
Published: August 2024

Hydration status monitoring through weight charts can help active individuals maintain optimal fluid balance and prevent health/performance impairments. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of athletes above an acute hypohydration threshold (within practices), a chronic hypohydration threshold (across practices), and the prevalence of athletes below the acute hypohydration threshold and above the chronic hypohydration threshold simultaneously (e.g., undetected chronic hypohydration). Second, involvement of baseline hydration verification (BV; with/without), sex, and competition level (high school, college/university) with acute hypohydration, chronic hypohydration, and undetected chronic hypohydration were also examined. Undetected chronic hypohydration was prevalent across sexes (6.4 ± 16.7% males; 1.4 ± 5.8% females) and competition levels (6.5 ± 16.4% high school; 5.4 ± 15.6% college/university). No significant differences existed across BV status for average acute hypohydration (with BV = 0.8; without BV = 0.8) or chronic hypohydation (with BV = 0.7; without BV = 0.8). All three calculations, absolute body mass loss, acute hypohydration, and chronic hypohydration, should be utilized to determine the prevalence of hypohydration, and they should also be used to assist athletic trainers while making clinical decisions regarding appropriate rehydration interventions.
Vaginitis and risk of sexually transmitted infections: results of a multi-center U.S. clinical study using STI nucleic acid amplification testing
Authors: Schwebke Jane R. , Nyirjesy Paul , Dsouza Melissa , Getman Damon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Significant increases in rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by
Trichomonas vaginalis
(TV),
Chlamydia trachomatis
(CT),
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(NG), and
Mycoplasma genitalium
(MG) are occurring in the United States. We present results of a U.S. study examining the intersection of STIs and vaginitis. Among 1,051 women with diagnoses for the presence or absence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), 195 (18.5%) had one or more STIs, including 101 (9.6%) with TV, 24 (2.3%) with CT, 9 (0.8%) with NG, and 93 (8.8%) with MG. STI prevalence in BV-positive women was 26.3% (136/518), significantly higher than STI prevalence of 12.5% (59/474) in BV-negative women (
P
< 0.0002). Unlike infections with CT or NG, solo infections of MG or TV were each significantly associated with a diagnosis of BV-positive/VVC-negative (OR 3.0751; 95% CI 1.5797–5.9858,
P
= 0.0113, and OR 2.873; 95% CI 1.5687–5.2619,
P
= 0.0017, respectively) and with mixed infections containing MG and TV (OR 3.4886; 95% CI 1.8901–6.439,
P
= 0.0042, and OR 3.1858; 95% CI 1.809–5.6103,
P
= 0.0014, respectively). TV and MG infection rates were higher in all Nugent score (NS) categories than CT and NG infection rates; however, both STIs had similar comparative prevalence ratios to CT in NS 6–10 vs NS 0–5 (CT: 3.06% vs 1.4%, 2.2-fold; MG: 10.7% vs 6.1%, 1.8-fold; TV: 14.5% vs 7.0%, 2.1-fold). NG prevalence was relatively invariant by the NS category. These results highlight the complexity of associations of STIs with two major causes of vaginitis and underscore the importance of STI testing in women seeking care for abnormal vaginal discharge and inflammation.

IMPORTANCE
This study reports high rates for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in women seeking care for symptoms of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis, revealing highly complex associations of STIs with two of the major causes of vaginal dysbiosis. These results underscore the importance of STI testing in women seeking care for abnormal vaginal discharge and inflammation.
Whole-genome sequencing of
Helicobacter pylori
isolates from Native American gastric biopsy specimens
Authors: Celona Kimberly , Williamson Charles H. D. , Dholakia Rishi , Sahl Jason W. , Monroy Fernando P. , Settles Erik W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
infection has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer. High rates of
H. pylori
infection and gastric cancer have been reported in indigenous populations within the United States. We report whole-genome sequencing of three
H
.
pylori
isolates originating from Native American patients presenting with gastric disease.
Requirement of a Wnt5A–microbiota axis in the maintenance of gut B-cell repertoire and protection from infection
Authors: Sengupta Soham , Sen Malini 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

We investigated the influence of a Wnt5A–gut microbiota axis on gut B-cell repertoire and protection from infection, having previously demonstrated that Wnt5A in association with gut commensals helps shape gut T-cell repertoire. Accordingly, Wnt5A heterozygous mice, which express less than wild-type level of Wnt5A, and their isolated Peyer’s patches (PPs) were studied in comparison with the wild-type counterparts. The percentages of IgM- and IgA-expressing B cells were quite similar in the PP of both sets of mice. However, the PP of the Wnt5A heterozygous mice harbored significantly higher than wild-type levels of microbiota-bound B cell-secreted IgA, indicating the prevalence of a microbial population therein, which is significantly altered from that of wild-type. Additionally, the percentage of PP IgG1-expressing B cells was appreciably depressed in the Wnt5A heterozygous mice in comparison to wild-type. Wnt5A heterozygous mice, furthermore, exhibited notably higher than the wild-type levels of morbidity and mortality following infection with
Salmonella typhimurium
, a common gut pathogen. Differences in morbidity/mortality correlated with considerable disparity between the PP–B-cell repertoires of the
Salmonella
-infected Wnt5A heterozygous and wild-type mice, in which the percentage of IgG1-expressing B1b cells in the PP of heterozygous mice remains significantly low as compared to wild-type. Overall, these results suggest that a gut Wnt5A–microbiota axis is intrinsically associated with the maintenance of gut B-cell repertoire and protection from infection.

IMPORTANCE
Although it is well accepted that B cells and microbiota are required for protection from infection and preservation of gut health, a lot remains unknown about how the optimum B-cell repertoire and microbiota are maintained in the gut. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it unveils a potential role of a growth factor termed Wnt5A in the safeguarding of the gut B-cell population and microbiota, thereby protecting the gut from the deleterious effect of infections by common pathogens. Documentation of the involvement of a Wnt5A–microbiota axis in the shaping of a protective gut B-cell repertoire, furthermore, opens up new avenues of investigations for understanding gut disorders related to microbial dysbiosis and B-cell homeostasis that, till date, are considered incurable.
The chlamydial transcriptional regulator Euo is a key switch in cell form developmental progression but is not involved in the committed step to the formation of the infectious form
Authors: Appa Cody R. , Grieshaber Nicole A. , Yang Hong , Omsland Anders , McCormick Sean , Chiarelli Travis J. , Grieshaber Scott S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria in the genus
Chlamydia
are a significant health burden worldwide. They infect a wide range of vertebrate animals, including humans and domesticated animals. In humans,
C. psittaci
can cause zoonotic pneumonia, while
C. pneumoniae
causes a variety of respiratory infections. Infections with
C. trachomatis
cause ocular or genital infections. All chlamydial species are obligate intracellular bacteria that replicate exclusively inside of eukaryotic host cells. Chlamydial infections are dependent on a complex infection cycle that depends on transitions between specific cell forms. This cycle consists of cell forms specialized for host cell invasion, the elementary body (EB), and a form specialized for intracellular replication, the reticulate body (RB). In addition to the EB and RB, there is a transitionary cell form that mediates the transformation between the RB and the EB, the intermediate body (IB). In this study, we ectopically expressed the regulatory protein Euo and showed that high levels of expression resulted in reversible arrest of the development cycle. The arrested chlamydial cells were trapped phenotypically at an early IB stage of the cycle. These cells had exited the cell cycle but had not shifted gene expression from RB like to IB/EB like. This arrested state was dependent on continued expression of Euo. When ectopic expression was reversed, Euo levels dropped in the arrested cells which led to the repression of native Euo expression and the resumption of the developmental cycle. Our data are consistent with a model where Euo expression levels impact IB maturation to the infectious EB but not the production of the IB form.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial species in the Chlamydiales order infect a variety of vertebrate animals and are a global health concern. They cause various diseases in humans, including genital and respiratory infections. The bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on a complex infectious cycle involving multiple cell forms. All species share the same life cycle, transitioning through different states to form the infectious elementary body (EB) to spread infections to new hosts. The Euo gene, encoding a DNA-binding protein, is involved in regulating this cycle. This study showed that ectopic expression of Euo halted the cycle at an early stage. This arrest depended on continued Euo expression. When Euo expression was reversed, the developmental cycle resumed. Additionally, this study suggests that high levels of Euo expression affect the formation of the infectious EB but not the production of the cell form committed to EB formation.
In vivo
fitness of
sul
gene-dependent sulfonamide-resistant
Escherichia coli
in the mammalian gut
Authors: Jiang Han , Dong Yuzhi , Jiao Xue , Tang Biao , Feng Tao , Li Ping , Fang Jiehong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The widespread sulfonamide resistance genes
sul1
,
sul2
, and
sul3
in food and gut bacteria have attracted considerable attention. In this study, we assessed the
in vivo
fitness of
sul
gene-dependent sulfonamide-resistant
Escherichia coli
, using a murine model. High fitness costs were incurred for
sul1
and
sul3
gene-dependent
E. coli
strains
in vivo
. A fitness advantage was found in three of the eight mice after intragastric administration of
sul2
gene-dependent
E. coli
strains. We isolated three compensatory mutant strains (CMSs) independently from three mice that outcompeted the parent strain P2
in vivo
. Whole-genome sequencing revealed seven identical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the three CMSs compared with strain P2, an additional SNP mutation in strain S2-2, and two additional SNP mutations in strain S2-3. Furthermore, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed abundant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the CMSs compared with P2. Of these, seven key fitness-related DEPs distributed in two-component systems, galactose and tryptophan metabolism pathways, were verified using parallel reaction monitoring analysis. The DEPs in the CMSs influenced bacterial motility, environmental stress tolerance, colonization ability, carbohydrate utilization, cell morphology maintenance, and chemotaxis to restore fitness costs and adapt to the mammalian gut environment.

IMPORTANCE

Sulfonamides are traditional synthetic antimicrobial agents used in clinical and veterinary medical settings. Their long-term excessive overuse has resulted in widespread microbial resistance, limiting their application for medical interventions. Resistance to sulfonamides is primarily conferred by the alternative genes
sul1
,
sul2
, and
sul3
encoding dihydropteroate synthase in bacteria. Studying the potential fitness cost of these
sul
genes is crucial for understanding the evolution and transmission of sulfonamide-resistant bacteria.
In vitro
studies have been conducted on the fitness cost of
sul
genes in bacteria. In this study, we provide critical insights into bacterial adaptation and transmission using an
in vivo
approach.