bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet process phosphoric acid purification by solvent extraction using N‐octanol and tributylphosphate mixtures
Authors: Ye Changwen , Li Jun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolvent extraction using organic extractants is an important technology for purifying wet process phosphoric acid. The purification of the wet process phosphoric acid by liquid–liquid extraction using solvent mixtures of N‐octanol and tributylphosphate has been investigated.RESULTSThe purification process comprised extraction, scrubbing and stripping operations. The extraction conditions, i.e. shaking time, temperature, composition of solvent mixtures and P2O5 concentration for purification of the wet process phosphoric acid were studied. The phase diagram of the pseudo‐ternary system H3PO4‐H2O‐solvent mixtures at 313.15 K was determined. The McCabe–Thiele diagram showed that three counter‐current stages achieved about 91 wt% P2O5 extraction at 313.15 K. Scrubbing and stripping operations using pure phosphoric acid with 10 wt% P2O5 and doubly distilled water, respectively, were studied.CONCLUSIONSThe phosphoric acid finally produced was found to be high grade which met the special requirements of the user. Optimization of the extraction conditions and system was capable of providing academic and technical foundations to realize industrial production. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The problem of bone lamellation: An attempt to explain different proposed models
Authors: Marotti Gastone , Ferretti Marzia , Palumbo Carla 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCollagen texture and osteocyte distribution were analyzed in human woven‐ and lamellar‐bone using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We provide data substantiating the concept that lamellar bone is made up of an alternation of dense‐acellular lamellae and loose‐cellular lamellae, all exhibiting an interwoven texture of collagen fibers. An attempt is also made to explain how the present findings might conform to those of authors whose models propose orderly, geometric arrangements of collagen fibers inside bony lamellae. Such a comparison is possible because the present investigation analyzes split loose lamellae and tangentially‐sectioned dense lamellae. It emerged that only loose lamellae can be dissected, revealing a loose interwoven collagen texture and halved osteocyte lacunae. Dense lamellae cannot be split because of their compactness. The analysis of tangentially sectioned dense lamellae demonstrates that they consist of a network of interwoven collagen fiber bundles. Inside each bundle, collagen fibers run parallel to each other but change direction where they enter adjacent bundles, at angles as described by other authors whose TEM investigations were performed at a much higher magnification than those of the present study. Consequently, what these authors consider to be a lamella are, instead, bundles of collagen fibers inside a lamella. There is discussion of the role played by the manner of osteocyte‐recruitment in the deposition of lamellar‐ and woven‐bone and how the presence of these cells is crucial for collagen spatial arrangement in bone tissues. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulindac sulfide inhibits sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and exerts toxicity in glioma cells: Relevant similarities to and important differences from celecoxib
Authors: White M.C. , Johnson G.G. , Zhang W. , Hobrath J.V. , Piazza G.A. , Grimaldi M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMalignant gliomas have low survival expectations regardless of current treatments. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prevent cell transformation and slow cancer cell growth by mechanisms independent of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. Certain NSAIDs trigger the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR), as revealed by upregulation of molecular chaperones such as GRP78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Although celecoxib (CELE) inhibits the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), an effect known to induce ERSR, sulindac sulfide (SS) has not been reported to affect SERCA. Here, we investigated these two drugs for their effects on Ca2+ homeostasis, ERSR, and glioma cell survival. Our findings indicate that SS is a reversible inhibitor of SERCA and that both SS and CELE bind SERCA at its cyclopiazonic acid binding site. Furthermore, CELE releases additional Ca2+ from the mitochondria. In glioma cells, both NSAIDS upregulate GRP78 and activate ER‐associated caspase‐4 and caspase‐3. Although only CELE upregulates the expression of CHOP, it appears that CHOP induction could be associated with mitochondrial poisoning. In addition, CHOP induction appears to be uncorrelated with the gliotoxicity of these NSAIDS in our experiments. Our data suggest that activation of ERSR is primarily responsible for the gliotoxic effect of these NSAIDS. Because SS has good brain bioavailability, has lower COX‐2 inhibition, and has no mitochondrial effects, it represents a more appealing molecular candidate than CELE to achieve gliotoxicity via activation of ERSR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implant placement increases bone remodeling transiently in a rat model
Authors: Irish John , Virdi Amarjit S. , Sena Kotaro , McNulty Margaret A. , Sumner Dale R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo examine bone remodeling following implant placement, 88 female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent either sham ovariectomy (sham‐ovx) or ovariectomy (ovx) at 4.5 months. At 11 months, 17 baseline control animals were euthanized, while 71 rats received bilateral intramedullary femoral implants. Implanted rats were randomized to 4‐, 8‐, or 12‐week follow‐up times. Microcomputed tomography was used to assess cortical area and trabecular architecture in all rats. Dynamic and static histomorphometry were performed in a subset to examine the trabecular and endocortical bone in the distal femoral metaphysis adjacent to the implant and the periosteal surface at the midshaft superior to the implant (n = 59). Implantation did not affect bone volume in either sham‐ovx or ovx rats compared to baseline controls. Implant placement significantly increased mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate in both sham‐ovx and ovx rats at the trabecular and endocortical surfaces at four and sometimes 8 weeks, with a return to baseline values by 12 weeks. At the periosteal surface, implant placement increased bone formation at 4 weeks with a return to baseline levels by 8 weeks. Thus, implant placement increases bone remodeling transiently without affecting bone volume in sham‐ovx and ovx rats. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 800–806, 2013
Effect of return to overuse activity following an isolated supraspinatus tendon tear on adjacent intact tendons and glenoid cartilage in a rat model
Authors: Reuther Katherine E. , Thomas Stephen J. , Sarver Joseph J. , Tucker Jennica J. , Lee Chang‐Soo , Gray Chancellor F. , Glaser David L. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRotator cuff tears are common conditions that can alter shoulder mechanics and may lead to damage of intact joint tissues. These injuries are of particular concern in populations who perform tasks requiring repetitive overhead activity (e.g., athletes and laborers) and who are likely to return to aggressive pre‐injury activity levels despite limited understanding of the potentially damaging effects on the remaining tissues. Therefore, we investigated the effect of returning to overuse activity following a supraspinatus tear on shoulder function and the mechanical properties of the remaining intact tendons and glenoid cartilage. Forty rats underwent 4 weeks of overuse activity to create a tendinopathic condition followed by detachment of the supraspinatus tendon and were then randomized into two groups: continued overuse or cage activity. Ambulatory measurements were performed throughout the 8 weeks prior to euthaniasia, and properties of the adjacent tendons and cartilage were evaluated. Results demonstrated that shoulder function was not compromised in the return to overuse group. However, alterations of the glenoid cartilage and biceps tendon properties occurred. Our results help define the contributory roles of common mechanical injury mechanisms and provide a framework by which physicians could better prescribe long‐term treatment strategies for patients. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 710–715, 2013
Effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486, on the proliferative and differentiation capabilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Wei Na , Yu Yang , Schmidt Thomas , Stanford Clark , Hong Liu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) potentially regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and premature senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). In the present study we investigated the effects mediated by endogenous GCs and the effects of an antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, RU486, on the proliferative and differentiation capabilities of MSCs using an ovariectomized (OVX) animal model. Following ovariectomy and a decrease in systemic estradiol levels, the serum concentration of corticosterone is significantly increased in OVX rats. Compared to sham‐operated controls, the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of OVX rats and the proliferation of their MSCs are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the osteogenic differentiation capabilities of OVX rat MSCs are significantly decreased, while adipogenic capabilities tend to increase. Subcutaneous administration of RU486 effectively increases the population and proliferative capacity of the MSCs in OVX rats. RU486 treatment also improves osteogenic capabilities and down‐regulates adipogenic capabilities of MSCs. These results strongly indicate that the elevated levels of endogenous GCs induced by estrogen depletion might accelerate the premature senescence of MSCs and reduce their proliferative and osteogenic differentiation capabilities, while the blockage of the effects of endogenous GCs may restore their capabilities. These responses could potentially be developed to protect the capabilities of MSCs from oxidative stress‐induced premature senescence and extend their lifespan in patients with advancing age and estrogen depletion. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 760–767, 2013
Efficacy of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich plasma gel (L‐PRP gel) in treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model
Authors: Li Guang‐Yi , Yin Ji‐Min , Ding Hao , Jia Wei‐Tao , Zhang Chang‐Qing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLeukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich plasma gel (L‐PRP gel), a new autologous product which was previously utilized in several surgical procedures to enhance tissue healing, is now increasingly used as a promising treatment method for infections. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial property of L‐PRP gel against Methicillin‐resistive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300) in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis. Tibial osteomyelitis was induced in 40 New Zealand white rabbits using the MRSA strain. Three weeks after induction, the rabbits with tibial osteomyelitis were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (no treatment); Van group (debridement and parenteral treatment with vancomycin alone); L‐PRP gel + Van group (debridement and local L‐PRP gel injection, plus parenteral treatment with vancomycin); L‐PRP gel group (debridement and local L‐PRP gel injection). All rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks after debridement. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by radiological, microbiological, and histological examinations. Newly formed bone was also quantified. The best therapeutic efficacy, including infection elimination and bone defect repair, was observed in the L‐PRP gel + Van group. Although not comparable to vancomycin, L‐PRP gel also exibited antimicrobial efficacy in vivo. We believe that a combination of L‐PRP gel and antibiotics could be a favorable alternative for the treatment of osteomyelitis. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 949–956, 2013
Platelet‐rich plasma protects rotator cuff‐derived cells from the deleterious effects of triamcinolone acetonide
Authors: Muto Tomoyuki , Kokubu Takeshi , Mifune Yutaka , Sakata Ryosuke , Nagura Issei , Nishimoto Hanako , Harada Yoshifumi , Nishida Kotaro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTriamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections are widely used to treat enthesopathy, but they may induce adverse effects such as tendon impairment and rupture. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a blood fraction containing high platelet concentrations and various growth factors that play a role in tissue repair processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TA has deleterious effects on human rotator cuff‐derived cells, and if PRP can protect these cells from the effects of TA. Human rotator cuff‐derived cells were cultured with and without TA and PRP, and the culture without any additive served as the control. Cell morphology was assessed at days 7 and 21. Cell viability was evaluated at days 1, 7, 14, and 21 by a water‐soluble tetrazolium salt assay. Induction of apoptosis was measured by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry at day 7. Induction of cleaved caspase‐3 was measured by immunofluorescence staining at day 7. The cells cultured with TA had a flattened and polygonal shape at day 7. The cells cultured with both TA and PRP were similar in appearance to control cells. Exposure to TA also significantly decreased cell viability, but cell viability did not decrease when PRP was added along with TA. The number of apoptotic cells increased with TA exposure, while addition of PRP prevented cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the deleterious effect of TA was prevented by PRP, which can be used as a protective agent for patients receiving local TA injections. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 976–982, 2013
Disruption of thrombospondin‐2 accelerates ischemic fracture healing
Authors: Miedel Emily , Dishowitz Michael I. , Myers Marc H. , Dopkin Derek , Yu Yan‐Yiu , Miclau Ted S. , Marcucio Ralph , Ahn Jaimo , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThrombospondin‐2 (TSP2) is a matricellular protein that is highly up‐regulated during fracture healing. TSP2 negatively regulates vascularity, vascular reperfusion following ischemia, and cutaneous wound healing. As well, TSP2‐null mice show increased endocortical bone formation due to an enhanced number of mesenchymal progenitor cells and show increased cortical thickness. Mice deficient in TSP2 (TSP2‐null) show an alteration in fracture healing, that is unrelated to their cortical bone phenotype, which is characterized by enhanced vascularization with a shift towards an intramembranous healing phenotype; thus, we hypothesized that there would be enhanced ischemic fracture healing in the absence of TSP2. We investigated whether an absence of TSP2 would enhance ischemic fracture healing utilizing Laser doppler, µCT and histological analysis. Ischemic tibial fractures were created in wildtype (WT) and TSP2‐null mice and harvested 10, 20, or 40 days post‐fracture. TSP2‐null mice show enhanced vascular perfusion following ischemic fracture. At day 10 post‐fracture, TSP2‐null mice have 115% greater bone volume than WT mice. This is associated with a 122% increase in vessel density, 20% increase in cell proliferation, and 15% decrease in apoptosis compared to WT. At day 20, TSP2‐null mice have 34% more bone volume, 51% greater bone volume fraction, and 37% more bone tissue mineral density than WT. By 40 days after fracture the TSP2‐null mice have a 24% increase in bone volume fraction, but other parameters show no significant differences. These findings indicate TSP2 is a negative regulator of ischemic fracture healing and that in the absence of TSP2 bone regeneration is enhanced. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 935–943, 2013
Anatomic variation of depth‐dependent mechanical properties in neonatal bovine articular cartilage
Authors: Silverberg Jesse L. , Dillavou Sam , Bonassar Lawrence , Cohen Itai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArticular cartilage has well known depth‐dependent structure and has recently been shown to have similarly non‐uniform depth‐dependent mechanical properties. Here, we study anatomic variation of the depth‐dependent shear modulus and energy dissipation rate in neonatal bovine knees. The regions we specifically focus on are the patellofemoral groove, trochlea, femoral condyle, and tibial plateau. In every sample, we find a highly compliant region within the first 500 µm of tissue measured from the articular surface, where the local shear modulus is reduced by up to two orders of magnitude. Comparing measurements taken from different anatomic sites, we find statistically significant differences localized within the first 50 µm. Histological images reveal these anatomic variations are associated with differences in collagen density and fiber organization. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 686–691, 2013
Are external knee load and EMG measures accurate indicators of internal knee contact forces during gait?
Authors: Meyer Andrew J. , D'Lima Darryl D. , Besier Thor F. , Lloyd David G. , Colwell Clifford W. , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMechanical loading is believed to be a critical factor in the development and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, the contact forces to which the knee articular surfaces are subjected during daily activities cannot be measured clinically. Thus, the ability to predict internal knee contact forces accurately using external measures (i.e., external knee loads and muscle electromyographic [EMG] signals) would be clinically valuable. We quantified how well external knee load and EMG measures predict internal knee contact forces during gait. A single subject with a force‐measuring tibial prosthesis and post‐operative valgus alignment performed four gait patterns (normal, medial thrust, walking pole, and trunk sway) to induce a wide range of external and internal knee joint loads. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess how much of the variability in internal contact forces was accounted for by variability in the external measures. Though the different gait patterns successfully induced significant changes in the external and internal quantities, changes in external measures were generally weak indicators of changes in total, medial, and lateral contact force. Our results suggest that when total contact force may be changing, caution should be exercised when inferring changes in knee contact forces based on observed changes in external knee load and EMG measures. Advances in musculoskeletal modeling methods may be needed for accurate estimation of in vivo knee contact forces. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 921–929, 2013
Portal stenting for hepatocellular carcinoma extending into the portal vein in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Vibert Eric , Azoulay Daniel , Sa Cunha Antonio , Adam Rene , Samuel Didier , Castaing Denis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsMacroscopic portal vein invasion complicating hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of cirrhosis is associated with a very low survival. To prevent the malignant progression from a portal branch to the main portal trunk, we have placed noncovered metallic stents extending from the portal trunk to the contralateral tumor free portal pedicle.MethodsFifty‐Four patients (age: 60 ± 11 years) were treated. Thirty‐four (60%) patients were Child A and 20 (40%) were Child B–C. Tumoral thrombosis involved 1st or 2nd order branches in 41 (82%) patients and partially the main trunk in 13 (24%). Open surgical insertion (via ileal vein) as an alternative to a percutaneous approach was used in 14 (24%) patients.ResultsEarly mortality (<30 days) was 7%. Following stent insertion, a transarterial chemoembolization was performed in 26 (48%) patients. After stenting, overall survival at 6, 12, and 24 months were 47%, 44%, and 36%, respectively. Bilirubin > 30 µmol/L and open surgical insertion were predictive of short‐term mortality. In the good group, overall survival at 6, 12, and 24 months were 69%, 61%, and 46%, respectively.ConclusionsThe transhepatic deployment of metallic stent seems to improve survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by portal vein tumoral thrombosis and could allow subsequent treatments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:696–701. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of circumferential resection margin status on Loco‐regional recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Park Hae Jin , Kim Hak Jae , Chie Eui Kyu , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Tae 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence, and to examine the impact of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after esophagectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) regarding the status of circumferential resection margin (CRM).Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of esophageal cancer patients operated in Seoul National University Hospital between 2003 and 2010. Pathologically proven T3 SqCC patients with written reports mentioning the status of CRM were selected. Fifty‐nine out of 71 patients (83.1%) had CRM+. Twenty‐eight patients had radiotherapy in CRM+ and CRM−, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 17.1 months (range: 5.2–63.1).ResultsMedian survival and 2‐year overall survival were 13.8 months and 41.9% in CRM+, and 27.3 months and 74.1% in CRM−, respectively. Loco‐regional relapse‐free survival (LRRFS) rate at 2 years was 33.6% and 74.1% in each groups (P = 0.029). Loco‐regional recurrence was the major pattern of failure in CRM+. PORT did not improve LRRFS.ConclusionThe esophageal SqCC patients with CRM+ after resection showed worse LRRFS. This finding validated the prognostic value of CRM status. Nevertheless, we failed to demonstrate the benefits of adjuvant PORT in CRM+. This might suggest the necessity of neoadjuvant therapy to decrease the CRM+ rate after esophagectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:762–766. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.