bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of C-reactive protein in osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Woon , Kim Bo-Mi , Moon Hee-Won , Lee Sang-Heon , Kim Hae-Rim 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CRP is not only the by-product of inflammatory response, but also plays proinflammatory and prothrombotic roles. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CRP on bone destruction in RA.

Methods
CRP levels in RA synovial fluid (SF) and serum were measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. The expression of CRP in RA synovium was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood were cultured with CRP, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using real-time PCR, counting tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells and assessing bone resorbing function. CRP-induced osteoclast differentiation was also examined after inhibition of Fcγ receptors.

Results
There was a significant correlation between CRP levels in serum and SF in RA patients. The SF CRP level was correlated with interleukin (IL)-6 levels, but not with RANKL levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that compared with the osteoarthritis synovium, CRP was more abundantly expressed in the lining and sublining areas of the RA synovium. CRP stimulated RANKL production in monocytes and it induced osteoclast differentiation from monocytes and bone resorption in the absence of RANKL.

Conclusions
CRP could play an important role in the bony destructive process in RA through the induction of RANKL expression and direct differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts. In the treatment of RA, lowering CRP levels is a significant parameter not only for improving disease activity but also for preventing bone destruction.
Strain and process development for poly(3HB-co-3HP) fermentation by engineered Shimwellia blattae from glycerol
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , Andreeßen Björn , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybytyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3HB-co-3HP), is a possible alternative to synthetic polymers such as polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene due to its low crystallinity and fragility. We already reported that recombinant strains of Shimwellia blattae expressing 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase DhaT as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase AldD of Pseudomonas putida KT2442, propionate-CoA transferase Pct of Clostridium propionicum X2 and PHA synthase PhaC1 of Ralstonia eutropha H16 are able to accumulate up to 14.5% (wtPHA/wtCDW) of poly(3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3HP), homopolymer from glycerol as a sole carbon source (Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:7409-7422, 2014a). However, the cell density was rather low. In this study, we optimized the medium aiming at a more efficient PHA synthesis, and we engineered a S. blattae strain accumulating poly(3HB-co-3HP) with varying contents of the constituent 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) depending on the cultivation conditions. Consequently, 7.12, 0.77 and 0.32 gPHA/L of poly(3HB-co-3HP) containing 2.1, 8.3 and 18.1 mol% 3HP under anaerobic/aerobic (the first 24 hours under anaerobic condition, thereafter, aerobic condition), low aeration/agitation (the minimum stirring rate required in medium mixing and small amount of aeration) and anaerobic conditions (the minimum stirring rate required in medium mixing without aeration), respectively, were synthesized from glycerol by the genetically modified S. blattae ATCC33430 strains in optimized culture medium.
An astute synthesis of locked nucleic acid monomers
Authors: Sharma Vivek K , Rungta Pallavi , Maikhuri Vipin K , Prasad Ashok K 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Novel attributes of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) makes it preferable over most of the other classes of modified nucleic acid analogues and therefore, it has been extensively explored in different synthetic oligonucleotide based therapeutics. In addition to five oligonucleotides of this class undergoing clinical trials, a healthy pipeline in pre-clinical studies validates the tenacity of LNA. Due to the increasing demand, an efficient biocatalytic methodology has recently been devised for the convergent synthesis of LNA monomers via selective enzymatic monoacetylation of diastereotopic hydroxymethyl functions of 3-O-benzyl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose. This commentary article provides an insight into the different synthetic strategies followed for the synthesis of LNA monomers and their triumphs in clinical biotechnology.
Nomograms Predicting Progression-Free Survival, Overall Survival, and Pelvic Recurrence in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Developed From an Analysis of Identifiable Prognostic Factors in Patients From NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Randomized Trials of Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Java James , Whitney Charles W. , Stehman Frederick B. , Lanciano Rachelle , Thomas Gillian M. , DiSilvestro Paul A. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the prognostic factors in locally advanced cervical cancer limited to the pelvis and develop nomograms for 2-year progression-free survival (PFS), 5-year overall survival (OS), and pelvic recurrence.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 2,042 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma enrolled onto Gynecologic Oncology Group clinical trials of concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nomograms for 2-year PFS, five-year OS, and pelvic recurrence were created as visualizations of Cox proportional hazards regression models. The models were validated by bootstrap-corrected, relatively unbiased estimates of discrimination and calibration.ResultsMultivariable analysis identified prognostic factors including histology, race/ethnicity, performance status, tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor grade, pelvic node status, and treatment with concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. PFS, OS, and pelvic recurrence nomograms had bootstrap-corrected concordance indices of 0.62, 0.64, and 0.73, respectively, and were well calibrated.ConclusionPrognostic factors were used to develop nomograms for 2-year PFS, 5-year OS, and pelvic recurrence for locally advanced cervical cancer clinically limited to the pelvis treated with concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These nomograms can be used to better estimate individual and collective outcomes.
Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Paclitaxel Plus Cisplatin in Metastatic or Recurrent Cervical Cancer: The Open-Label Randomized Phase III Trial JCOG0505
Authors: Kitagawa Ryo , Katsumata Noriyuki , Shibata Taro , Kamura Toshiharu , Kasamatsu Takahiro , Nakanishi Toru , Nishimura Sadako , Ushijima Kimio , Takano Masashi , Satoh Toyomi , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2015

Purpose In metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard. The JCOG0505 randomized phase III trial evaluated the clinical benefits of carboplatin-based regimen. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer and had ≤ one platinum-containing treatment and no prior taxane. Patients were randomly assigned either to conventional paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP; paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 24 hours on day 1 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 2, repeated every 3 weeks) or paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC; paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 over 3 hours and carboplatin area under curve 5 mg/mL/min on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks). Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Planned sample size was 250 patients to confirm the noninferiority of TC versus TP with the threshold hazard ratio (HR) of 1.29. Results Between February 2006 and November 2009, 253 patients were enrolled. The HR of OS was 0.994 (90% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; noninferiority P = .032 by stratified Cox regression). Median OS was 18.3 months with TP versus 17.5 months with TC. Among patients who had not received prior cisplatin, OS was shorter with TC (13.0 v 23.2 months; HR, 1.571; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.32). One treatment-related death occurred with TC. Proportion of nonhospitalization periods was significantly longer with TC (P < .001). Conclusion TC was noninferior to TP and should be a standard treatment option for metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer. However, cisplatin is still the key drug for patients who have not received platinum agents.
Synthesis of Diazonaphthoquinones from Naphthols by Diazo-Transfer Reaction
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Sakata Rie , Tashiro Norifumi , Ikegami Azusa , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Various orthodiazonaphthoquinones (1-diazo-2(1H)-naphthalenones and 2-diazo-1(2H)-naphthalenones) were synthesized using the diazo-transfer reaction between the appropriate naphthol and 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (ADMC). The ADMC was prepared by the reaction between 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride and sodium azide. The diazo-transfer reaction selectively introduced the diazo group at the C(2) position of 1-naphthol or the C(1) position of 2-naphthol. The naphthalenediols that were tested, except for 1,3-naphthalenediol, also reacted with ADMC to afford the corresponding monodiazotized compound. X-ray analyses suggested that the diazonaphthoquinones did not have diazoniumnaphtholate structures but had diazocarbonyl structures.
A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of Tradescantia (Commelinaceae) species described in Vellozo’s Flora fluminensis with notes on Brazilian Tradescantia
Authors: de Oliveira Pellegrini Marco Octávio , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini , Sakuragui Cassia Mônica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTradescantia names from Vellozo’s Flora fluminensis are revised, five lectotypes and one epitype are designated; one name is accepted and three names are treated as synonyms. Notes on Tradescantia sect. Austrotradescantia and Tradescantia sect. Cymbispatha are presented, based on the studies of Vellozo’s names. Also, further notes on the Brazilian Tradescantia and a key for the sections occurring in Brazil are here presented.
Didymochlaenaceae: A new fern family of eupolypods I (Polypodiales)
Authors: Zhang Li-Bing , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe pantropical monospecific fern genus Didymochlaena had long been placed in the family Dryopteridaceae before the advent of molecular phylogenetics. Recent molecular studies confirmed that it is a member of eupolypods I, but its familial placement has been controversial. It has been resolved using molecular data either as a member of Hypodematiaceae or as sister to the rest of eupolypods I. In the present study we performed phylogenetic analyses (MP, ML, BI) based on DNA data from five plastid loci (atpA, rbcL, rps4‐trnS, trnL, trnL‐F) of 88 accessions representing 79 species in 20 genera of all 9 families currently recognized in eupolypods I as ingroup and 5 species from 3 families of eupolypods II as outgroups. Our analyses resolved Didymochlaena as sister to the rest of eupolypods I with strong support. The results of an analysis of nuclear 18S data available from GenBank did not contradict those based on plastid data. This resolution is consistent with its sorus/indusium shape and a previous phylogenetic analysis based on both plastid and nuclear loci. Sorus shape, spore characters, and chromosome number previously used to place the genus in Dryopteridaceae are in fact not synapomorphies of the family. Our study clearly showed that the family Didymochlaenaceae should be recognized and we hereby validate this name previously proposed by Ching.
Primary School Pupil as a Subject of Learning Activities in the Process of Project Tasks Completing
Authors: Аксючиц  
Published: March 2015

The paper considers the essence of such concepts, as “subjectness” and “subject”; characterizes primary school age as the sensitive period for
developing a learner’s subject position. Further, it is shown, how educational activities can help primary school pupils to master teamwork in the
process of learning. Also highlighted is the role of project tasks as one of the efficient means to form primary schoolchildren’s subject position, to
develop their creativity thinking and to enhance their abilities to self-learning, self-education and self-development.
The management of chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon
Authors: Maffulli N. , Oliva F. , Costa V. , Del Buono A. 
Published: March 2015

We hypothesised that a minimally invasive peroneus brevis tendon transfer would be effective for the management of a chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon. In 17 patients (three women, 14 men) who underwent minimally invasive transfer and tenodesis of the peroneus brevis to the calcaneum, at a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (2 to 7) the modified Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS) was recorded and the maximum circumference of the calf of the operated and contralateral limbs was measured. The strength of isometric plantar flexion of the gastrocsoleus complex and of eversion of the ankle were measured bilaterally. Functional outcomes were classified according to the four-point Boyden scale. At the latest review, the mean maximum circumference of the calf of the operated limb was not significantly different from the pre-operative mean value, (41.4 cm, 32 to 50 vs 40.6 cm, 33 to 46; p = 0.45), and not significantly less than that of the contralateral limb (43.1 cm, 35 to 52; p = 0.16). The mean peak torque (244.6 N, 125 to 367) and the strength of eversion of the operated ankle (149.1 N, 65 to 240) were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those of the contralateral limb (mean peak torque 289, 145 to 419; strength of eversion: 175.2, 71 to 280). The mean ATRS significantly improved from 58 pre-operatively (35 to 68) to 91 (75 to 97; 95% confidence interval 85.3 to 93.2) at the time of final review. Of 13 patients who practised sport at the time of injury, ten still undertook recreational activities. This procedure may be safely performed, is minimally invasive, and allows most patients to return to pre-injury sport and daily activities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:353–7.
The validity of a novel radiological method for measuring femoral stem version on anteroposterior radiographs of the hip after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Weber M. , Lechler P. , von Kunow F. , Völlner F. , Keshmiri A. , Hapfelmeier A. , Grifka J. , Renkawitz T. 
Published: March 2015

Femoral stem version has a major influence on impingement and early post-operative stability after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of a novel radiological method for measuring stem version. Anteroposterior (AP) radiographs and three-dimensional CT scans were obtained for 115 patients (female/male 63/72, mean age 62.5 years (50 to 75)) who had undergone minimally invasive, cementless THA. Stem version was calculated from the AP hip radiograph by rotation-based change in the projected prosthetic neck–shaft (NSA*) angle using the mathematical formula ST = arcos [tan (NSA*) / tan (135)]. We used two independent observers who repeated the analysis after a six-week interval. Radiological measurements were compared with 3D-CT measurements by an independent, blinded external institute. We found a mean difference of 1.2° (sd 6.2) between radiological and 3D-CT measurements of stem version. The correlation between the mean radiological and 3D-CT stem torsion was r = 0.88 (p < 0.001). The intra- (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.94) and inter-observer agreement (mean concordance correlation coefficient = 0.87) for the radiological measurements were excellent. We found that femoral tilt was associated with the mean radiological measurement error (r = 0.22, p = 0.02). The projected neck–shaft angle is a reliable method for measuring stem version on AP radiographs of the hip after a THA. However, a highly standardised radiological technique is required for its precise measurement. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:306–11.
Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients with extensive proximal femoral bone loss using a fluted tapered modular femoral component
Authors: Amanatullah D. F. , Howard J. L. , Siman H. , Trousdale R. T. , Mabry T. M. , Berry D. J. 
Published: March 2015

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is challenging when there is severe loss of bone in the proximal femur. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA in patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss treated with a fluted, tapered, modular femoral component. Between January 1998 and December 2004, 92 revision THAs were performed in 92 patients using a single fluted, tapered, modular femoral stem design. Pre-operative diagnoses included aseptic loosening, infection and peri-prosthetic fracture. Bone loss was categorised pre-operatively as Paprosky types III-IV, or Vancouver B3 in patients with a peri-prosthetic fracture. The mean clinical follow-up was 6.4 years (2 to 12). A total of 47 patients had peri-operative complications, 27 of whom required further surgery. However, most of these further operations involved retention of a well-fixed femoral stem, and 88/92 femoral components (97%) remained in situ. Of the four components requiring revision, three were revised for infection and were well fixed at the time of revision; only one (1%) was revised for aseptic loosening. The most common complications were post-operative instability (17 hips, 19%) and intra-operative femoral fracture during insertion of the stem (11 hips, 12%). Diaphyseal stress shielding was noted in 20 hips (22%). There were no fractures of the femoral component. At the final follow-up 78% of patients had minimal or no pain.Revision THA in patients with extensive proximal femoral bone loss using the Link MP fluted, tapered, modular stem led to a high rate of osseointegration of the stem at mid-term follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:312–17.
Robotic surgery in trauma and orthopaedics
Authors: Karthik K. , Colegate-Stone T. , Dasgupta P. , Tavakkolizadeh A. , Sinha J. 
Published: March 2015

The use of robots in orthopaedic surgery is an emerging field that is gaining momentum. It has the potential for significant improvements in surgical planning, accuracy of component implantation and patient safety. Advocates of robot-assisted systems describe better patient outcomes through improved pre-operative planning and enhanced execution of surgery. However, costs, limited availability, a lack of evidence regarding the efficiency and safety of such systems and an absence of long-term high-impact studies have restricted the widespread implementation of these systems. We have reviewed the literature on the efficacy, safety and current understanding of the use of robotics in orthopaedics.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:292–9.
Knowing how to play or being playful? The playful/ontic approach and intergenerational theatre in Canada and India
Authors: Gusul Matthew 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
James Thompson’s 2004 article ‘Digging Up Stories’ suggests Theatre for Development’s focus has mostly been on epistemic concerns. Projects emphasize participants learning techniques or exercises to be applied in various contexts. Thompson proposes Theatre for Development should draw back from epistemic concerns to work with the ontic concerns of communities. In light of Thompson’s analysis, I can see my time-planning process and performance have placed ontic considerations as primary and epistemic concerns as secondary. Working as assistant director of GeriActors and Friends (G&F), an intergenerational theatre company based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and while consulting towards the creation of an intergenerational theatre company in Tamil Nadu, India, I have employed playfulness as the primary state of being for the theatrical processes. Playfulness can be utilized in intergenerational theatre and Theatre for Development projects to embrace Thompson’s proposed focus on the ontic approach.
Epigenetic considerations of the APOE gene
Authors: Yu Chang-En , Foraker Jessica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is robustly linked with numerous physiological conditions, including healthy aging, altered cardiovascular fitness, and cognitive function. These connections have been established primarily by phenotype-genotype association studies using APOE’s three common genetic variants (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These variants encode for the three apoE protein isoforms (E2, E3, and E4), which have slightly different structures and, consequently, distinct functions in lipid metabolism. However, the differential lipid binding and transferring properties of these isoforms cannot fully explain the association of APOE with such a wide range of physiological phenotypes. One potential explanation for APOE’s pleiotropic roles may lie in its unique epigenetic properties. In this article, we present a brief review of the APOE gene and protein, its disease associations, and epigenetic components, with a focus on DNA methylation. We close with a discussion of the prospective epigenetic implications of APOE in disease.
The emerging role of the first 17 amino acids of huntingtin in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Arndt James R. , Chaibva Maxmore , Legleiter Justin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) domain that is expanded beyond a critical threshold near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein, directly leading to htt aggregation. While full-length htt is a large (on the order of ∼350 kDa) protein, it is proteolyzed into a variety of N-terminal fragments that accumulate in oligomers, fibrils, and larger aggregates. It is clear that polyQ length is a key determinant of htt aggregation and toxicity. However, the flanking sequences around the polyQ domain, such as the first 17 amino acids on the N terminus (Nt17), influence aggregation, aggregate stability, influence other important biochemical properties of the protein and ultimately its role in pathogenesis. Here, we review the impact of Nt17 on htt aggregation mechanisms and kinetics, structural properties of Nt17 in both monomeric and aggregate forms, the potential role of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that occur in Nt17 in HD, and the function of Nt17 as a membrane targeting domain.
Asymmetric Laplace Regression: Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Entropy and Quantile Regression
Authors: Bera Anil K. , Galvao Antonio F. , Montes-Rojas Gabriel V. , Park Sung Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the connections among the asymmetric Laplace probability density (ALPD), maximum likelihood, maximum entropy and quantile regression. We show that the maximum likelihood problem is equivalent to the solution of a maximum entropy problem where we impose moment constraints given by the joint consideration of the mean and median. The ALPD score functions lead to joint estimating equations that delivers estimates for the slope parameters together with a representative quantile. Asymptotic properties of the estimator are derived under the framework of the quasi maximum likelihood estimation. With a limited simulation experiment we evaluate the finite sample properties of our estimator. Finally, we illustrate the use of the estimator with an application to the US wage data to evaluate the effect of training on wages.