bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Determining the Emulsion Stability Index by Backscattering Light Detection
Authors: Choi Seung Jun , Won Jong Won , Park Kyung Min , Chang Pahn‐Shick 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the present study, the Δbackscattering (ΔBS) method was developed as a simple and sensitive tool for determining the emulsion stability index (ESI) by backscattering light detection. The backscattering light detection method uses emulsion‐scanning technology to monitor physical behavior in an emulsion as a function of storage time. Emulsions were prepared by the homogenization (8,000 rpm for 2 min at 25C) of distilled water and perilla oil containing Tween 60, and the sample was quiescently incubated in a vial at 25C for 11 h. To confirm this new methodology, the sum of ΔBS at the clarified layer, obtained from the backscattering flux profiles over the storage period, was compared with the ESI determined by the volumetric method. Our backscattering light detection method was compared with the volumetric method based on the emulsifier content. The sum of ΔBS at the clarified layer decreased as the ESI decreased, with a correlation of 0.999, 0.993, 0.998 and 0.998 for emulsions stabilized with 200, 300, 400 and 500 μmol of emulsifier, respectively. Regardless of the emulsifier content in the emulsion, the R2 values for the fit curve, calculated by plotting the sum of ΔBS at the clarified layer against the ESI determined by the volumetric method, revealed strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.953). Our results suggest that the backscattering light detection method is a new tool for the quantitative determination of the ESI in an emulsion system.Practical ApplicationsThe acceptable way for the emulsion characterization is the determination of emulsion stability by measuring creaming rate and/or oil droplet diameter. Although the determination of oil droplet diameter provides the various information on the emulsion stability, it needs the expensive instruments based on dynamic light scattering or laser diffraction analysis. On the other hand, creaming is monitoring the change in the height of the boundary between the creamed and serum layers with naked eyes. In many cases, however, the condition of emulsions (such as their color, viscosity, and oil content, etc) prevents the clear reading of the boundary. The backscattering light detection described in this study could be a promising method which enables the accurate analysis of emulsion stability regardless of the limitations mentioned above.
The Geographic Information System‐based flood damage simulation model HOWAD
Authors: Neubert M. , Naumann T. , Hennersdorf J. , Nikolowski J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based flood damage simulation model HOWAD for buildings and land‐use units is dealing with a new high‐resolution approach. Spatially, it interlinks water depths from hydrodynamic modelling, accurate geographic data for buildings and land‐use units, and a building typology based on urban structure types. For calculations of the potential physical and monetary damage to residential buildings, detailed synthetic depth–damage functions for each building type are used that are based on civil engineering analyses of the building constructions. Damage modelling for other land‐use types like commercial, industrial or agricultural properties up to now is based on individual expert estimates. The application of the object‐based approach with a high spatial and contextual resolution allows not only a detailed assessment of impacts due to the current flood hazard but also the simulation of future risks under the conditions of climate and societal change. In addition, the method enables ex‐ante analyses of effects of risk reduction measures and thus the comparison of decision alternatives. The monetary damage for individual buildings and land‐use units can be aggregated on different scales (administrative districts, catchment areas, etc.). The strength of the approach is a highly reliable methodology especially for housing areas using synthetic depth–damage functions based on the calculation of refurbishment costs for potential inundation depths. The applicability of the model HOWAD is demonstrated by results from a case study on the German Elbe River floodplain.
Relationship between levels of neuropeptide Substance P in periodontal disease and chronic pain: a literature review
Authors: de Avila Erica Dorigatti , de Molon Rafael Scaf , de Godoi Gonçalves Daniela Aparecida , Camparis Cinara Maria 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of the current review was to investigate the relationship between levels of neuropeptide Substance P in periodontal disease and chronic pain. Substance P is a neuropeptide that is directly related with pain. In periodontal disease, it is expressed during the inflammatory process, and is one of the factors responsible for bone resorption. Studies have shown that Substance P levels are highest in the gingival crevicular fluid from sites with active periodontal disease and bone loss. The persistence of these substances could be sufficient to stimulate neurogenic inflammation in susceptible tissues, and cause pain. The scientific literature shows that Substance P expressed during periodontal disease can be a risk factor for patients with systemic inflammatory pathologies, such as chronic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Additional research is needed to confirm the participation of this substance in the origin of some types of chronic pain.
Identification and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for seed vigor in germination and seedling establishment in rice
Authors: Xie Lixia , Tan Zhengwei , Zhou Yuan , Xu Rongbao , Feng Laibao , Xing Yongzhong , Qi Xiaoquan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeed vigor is an index of seed quality that is used to describe the rapid and uniform germination and the establishment of strong seedlings in any environmental conditions. Strong seed vigor in low‐temperature germination conditions is particularly important in direct‐sowing rice production systems. However, seed vigor has not been selected as an important breeding trait in traditional breeding programs due to its quantitative inherence. In this study, we identified and mapped eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed vigor by using a recombinant inbred population from a cross between rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) cultivars ZS97 and MH63. Conditional QTL analysis identified qSV‐1, qSV‐5b, qSV‐6a, qSV‐6b, and qSV‐11 influenced seedling establishment and that qSV‐5a, qSV‐5c, and qSV‐8 influenced only germination. Of these, qSV‐1, qSV‐5b, qSV‐6a, qSV‐6b, and qSV‐8 were low‐temperature‐specific QTLs. Two major‐effective QTLs, qSV‐1, and qSV‐5c were narrowed down to 1.13‐Mbp and 400‐kbp genomic regions, respectively. The results provide tightly linked DNA markers for the marker‐assistant pyramiding of multiple positive alleles for increased seed vigor in both normal and low‐temperature germination environments.
The neonatal nurses' view of their role in emotional support of parents and its complexities
Authors: Turner Melanie , Chur‐Hansen Anna , Winefield Helen 
Published: February 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore the nurses' views of their role both in the neonatal intensive care unit and in the provision of interacting with, and emotionally supporting, families.BackgroundThe neonatal intensive care nurse has a large and complex clinical role and also a role of emotional supporter for parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. Identifying components of their role and recognising the elements within the nursery that obstruct or encourage this role can allow for modification of nurse education and peer support.DesignQualitative study based on semistructured interviews.MethodsNine neonatal nurses from a single neonatal intensive care unit were interviewed and the data analysed thematically using nvivo version 10.ResultsParticipants viewed their role as an enjoyable yet difficult one, requiring seniority, training and experience. They provided support to parents by communicating, listening, providing individualised support and by encouraging parental involvement with their baby. Constructive elements that contributed to the provision of support included a positive neonatal intensive care unit environment and providing a parent support group. More obstructive elements were a lack of physical neonatal intensive care unit space, little time available for nurse‐to‐parent conversation and language and cultural barriers between nurses and parents.ConclusionThe role of the neonatal nurse in providing emotional support is complex and requires a high level of ongoing support and education for staff, and minimisation of physical and staff‐related obstructions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe modern neonatal intensive care unit offers complex medical and nursing services and with this care comes higher needs from both babies and their parents. Neonatal intensive care unit nurses should be supported in their roles by having peer support available in the neonatal intensive care unit and education and training in emotional support and counselling skills. The nursing staff also require a comfortable and practical physical working space in which to assist parents to be with their baby.
The Randomized Physiologic Assessment of Thrombus Aspiration in Patients with Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Trial (PATA STEMI): Study Rationale and Design
Authors: ORLIC DEJAN , OSTOJIC MIODRAG , BELESLIN BRANKO , MILASINOVIC DEJAN , TESIC MILORAD , BOROVIC MILICA , VUKCEVIC VLADAN , STOJKOVIC SINISA , NEDELJKOVIC MILAN , STANKOVIC GORAN 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionRoutine thrombus aspiration is proposed to be superior to conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in terms of improved myocardial perfusion, in patients with ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, myocardial perfusion after thrombus aspiration has not been evaluated by a quantitative, invasive method. We intend to determine whether manual thrombus aspiration in the infarct‐related coronary artery increases myocardial perfusion assessed by index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) compared with conventional primary PCI.Study DesignPATA STEMI is a single‐center, prospective, randomized trial with a planned inclusion of 128 patients with the first STEMI. Prior to coronary angiography, patients are randomly assigned to thrombus aspiration using the Eliminate aspiration catheter (Terumo Medical Supply, Japan) or to conventional primary PCI. After completion of primary PCI, IMR is determined both in infarct‐related artery and in noninfarct‐related arteries without critical stenoses. The primary end‐point is a group mean value of IMR after thrombus aspiration compared with conventional primary PCI. Secondary end‐points are myocardial perfusion grade, resolution of ST‐segment elevation, enzymatic estimation of infarct size, left ventricular remodeling assessed by echocardiographic indices, and major adverse cardiac events rate at 1, 6, and 12 months.ConclusionIf manual thrombus aspiration significantly reduces microcirculatory resistance, thereby improving myocardial perfusion, it may become the routine strategy in primary PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:341–347)
Effect of Stimulation by Foliage Plant Display Images on Prefrontal Cortex Activity: A Comparison with Stimulation using Actual Foliage Plants
Authors: Igarashi Miho , Song Chorong , Ikei Harumi , Miyazaki Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSENatural scenes like forests and flowers evoke neurophysiological responses that can suppress anxiety and relieve stress. We examined whether images of natural objects can elicit neural responses similar to those evoked by real objects by comparing the activation of the prefrontal cortex during presentation of real foliage plants with a projected image of the same foliage plants.METHODSOxy‐hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were measured using time‐resolved near‐infrared spectroscopy while the subjects viewed the real plants or a projected image of the same plants.RESULTSCompared with a projected image of foliage plants, viewing the actual foliage plants significantly increased oxy‐hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex. However, using the modified semantic differential method, subjective emotional response ratings (“comfortable vs. uncomfortable” and “relaxed vs. awakening”) were similar for both stimuli.CONCLUSIONSThe frontal cortex responded differently to presentation of actual plants compared with images of these plants even when the subjective emotional response was similar. These results may help explain the physical and mental health benefits of urban, domestic, and workplace foliage.
Resting‐State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Impact of Regression Analysis
Authors: Yeh Chia‐Jung , Tseng Yu‐Sheng , Lin Yi‐Ru , Tsai Shang‐Yueh , Huang Teng‐Yi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo investigate the impact of regression methods on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). During rsfMRI preprocessing, regression analysis is considered effective for reducing the interference of physiological noise on the signal time course. However, it is unclear whether the regression method benefits rsfMRI analysis.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwenty volunteers (10 men and 10 women; aged 23.4 ± 1.5 years) participated in the experiments. We used node analysis and functional connectivity mapping to assess the brain default mode network by using five combinations of regression methods.RESULTSThe results show that regressing the global mean plays a major role in the preprocessing steps. When a global regression method is applied, the values of functional connectivity are significantly lower (P ≤ .01) than those calculated without a global regression. This step increases inter‐subject variation and produces anticorrelated brain areas.CONCLUSIONrsfMRI data processed using regression should be interpreted carefully. The significance of the anticorrelated brain areas produced by global signal removal is unclear.
Intracranial Arterial Fenestrations Associated with Arteriovenous Malformations Diagnosed by CT Angiography
Authors: Yang Yun‐Jun , Gao Ling‐Yun , Guo Xiang , Chen Wei‐Jian , Zhang Jun , Li Yu‐Xin , Yin Bo , Geng Dao‐Ying 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFenestrations involving aneurysms have been well documented. Only sporadic papers have been reported on fenestrations associated with AVMs (arteriovenous malformations) with few cases. Our study is to determine the rate of co‐occurrence of fenestrations and AVMs and to analyze the possible relationship between them by CTA.METHODSBetween January 2006 and February 2012, the CTA data of 5,657 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTSA total of 12 cases (.21%) of fenestrations associated with AVMs were found. Of these, single‐fenestrations were identified in 9 cases, and multifenestrations were found in 3 cases. Among 349 fenestrations, there were 15 cases of multifenestrations. The frequency of multifenestrations among fenestrated patients without AVMs was 3.6%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of AVMs in cases with and without fenestrations (3.4% and 2.7%), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of fenestration in cases with and without AVMs (7.7% and 6.1%, χ2 = .643, P = .423).CONCLUSIONSCTA may play a vital role in assessing the anomalies of co‐occurring AVM and fenestration, with an incidence of .21%. The frequency of multifenestrations in fenestrated cases with AVMs was higher than those without AVMs, though there is no significant association between fenestrations and AVMs.
BALANCED BUDGET MULTIPLIERS FOR SMALL OPEN REGIONS WITHIN A FEDERAL SYSTEM: EVIDENCE FROM THE SCOTTISH VARIABLE RATE OF INCOME TAX
Authors: Lecca Patrizio , McGregor Peter G. , Swales J. Kim , Yin Ya Ping 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the impact on aggregate economic activity in a small, open region of an income tax funded expansion in public consumption that has no direct supply‐side effects. The conventional balanced budget multiplier produces an unambiguously positive macroeconomic stimulus, but the incorporation of negative competitiveness elements, through the operation of the local labor market, renders this positive outcome less certain. Simulation using a single‐region Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Scotland demonstrates that the creation of local amenity effects, and the extent to which these are incorporated into local wage bargaining, is central to the analysis.
Team consultancy using cognitive analytic therapy: a controlled study in assertive outreach
Authors: Kellett S. , Wilbram M. , Davis C. , Hardy Gillian 
Published: February 2014

Accessible summaryCognitive analytic consultancy involves mapping the dysfunctional procedures and relationships that exist between team and patient using cognitive analytic theory.The study showed no impact on patient outcomes, but a significant organizational impact in terms of team practices and relationships.Cognitive analytic consultancy offers promise in helping in‐patient and community clinical teams manage those patients not suitable for individual or group psychotherapy.AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and organizational efficacy of formulation‐based consultancy to clinical teams using a randomized control trial methodology. Patients in anAssertiveOutreachTeam (AOT) were randomized into cognitive analytic consultancy (CAC;n= 10) or treatment as usual (TAU;n= 10).CACconsisted of three consultancy sessions with individual team members to formulate and map the dysfunctional roles and procedures adopted by both patient and team. Subsequent changes to practice were then supported via team supervision. Measures of patient and team functioning were taken across four discrete study phases; (1) baseline team training, (2) case consultation, (3) team supervision and (4) 3‐month follow‐up. Team members were additionally interviewed before and following the trial. No differences were evident betweenCACandTAUin terms of patient outcomes. However, the climate of theAOTsignificantly improved longitudinally over the course of the trial, withCACfacilitating enhanced clinical and team practices. The results are discussed in terms of methodological limitations, the advantages/disadvantages of team consultation and the potential for the further development of theCACmodel.
Concurrent Relations among Cigarette Smoking Status, Resting Heart Rate Variability, and Erectile Response
Authors: Harte Christopher B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of sympathovagal balance; it has been implicated in erectile function and is also altered by tobacco use. Furthermore, smoking and erectile health are strongly related, given that smokers are at increased risk for erectile dysfunction. Few studies have explored the interrelationships between smoking, HRV, and erectile function concurrently.

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine potential mechanisms underlying tobacco's effects on penile hemodynamics by exploring the mediating role of HRV.

Methods
The sample comprised 119 men (smokers = 64; nonsmokers = 55) (mean age 28.90 years; standard deviation (SD) 11.68; range 18–58) selected from the control conditions of three previously published experiments. Participants were free from a history of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarct, and/or cardiac/cardiovascular medication use. During a laboratory visit, self-report, anthropometric, cardiovascular, and electrocardiographic data were assessed, as well as sexual arousal responses elicited from viewing an erotic film.

Main Outcome Measures
Objective sexual arousal indices (circumferential change via penile plethysmography), self-reported erectile function (per the erectile function domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-EF]), and time- (SD of beat-to-beat intervals) and frequency-domain parameters of HRV (ratio of low-frequency [LF] power to high-frequency [HF] power [LF/HF ratio]) were assessed.

Results
Being a current long-term cigarette smoker was associated with dysregulated sympathovagal balance (higher LF/HF ratios, indicative of sympathetic nervous system dominance), which in turn showed inverse relations with magnitude of erectile tumescence. HRV did not mediate relations between tobacco use and either IIEF-EF scores or resting penile circumference.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that dysfunctional cardiac autonomic tone may be an underlying mechanism by which tobacco exerts its deleterious effects on erectile health. Further research is necessary to determine whether this relationship is mechanistic in nature, or whether it is better explained by other health factors.
Histone H3K9 and H3K27 methylation regulates fungal alkaloid biosynthesis in a fungal endophyte–plant symbiosis
Authors: Chujo Tetsuya , Scott Barry 
Published: February 2014

SummaryEpichloё festucae is a filamentous fungus that forms a mutually beneficial symbiotic association with Lolium perenne. This endophyte synthesizes bioprotective lolitrems (ltm) and ergot alkaloids (eas) in planta but the mechanisms regulating expression of the corresponding subtelomeric gene clusters are not known. We show here that the status of histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K9me3/H3K27me3) at these alkaloid gene loci are critical determinants of transcriptional activity. Using ChIP‐qPCR we found that levels of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 were reduced at these loci in plant infected tissue compared to axenic culture. Deletion of E. festucae genes encoding the H3K9‐ (ClrD) or H3K27‐ (EzhB) methyltransferases led to derepression of ltm and eas gene expression under non‐symbiotic culture conditions and a further enhancement of expression in the double deletion mutant. These changes in gene expression were matched by corresponding reductions in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks. Both methyltransferases are also important for the symbiotic interaction between E. festucae and L. perenne. Our results show that the state of H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation of E. festucae chromatin is an important regulatory layer controlling symbiosis‐specific expression of alkaloid bioprotective metabolites and the ability of this symbiont to form a mutualistic interaction with its host.
The devil in disguise: action repertoire, visual performance and collective identity of the Autonomous Nationalists
Authors: Schedler Jan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAdopting protest tactics and visual performance of the far left, many neo‐Nazis in Europe, particularly in Germany, have developed a new style. Referencing their political opponents, the far‐left Autonomous Movement, they call themselves the Autonomous Nationalists. Though this new style caused intense conflicts in the beginning, Autonomous Nationalists have gained strong influence in the neo‐Nazi movement. What drives neo‐Nazis to adopt tactics such as ‘black blocs’ and certain symbols and dress of their political enemies? Based on movement's documents, semi‐structured interviews and observing demonstrations, this article uses empirical data to identify central dimensions of the Autonomous Nationalist's action repertoire and visual performance and their impact on the neo‐Nazi movement's collective identity. The analysis of external and internal effects reveals that the shift in public appearance strengthened the movement's mobilization potential, but otherwise decreased ideological internalisation and may increase the turnover of activists.