bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syllable Structure and Dorsal Friction in German
Authors: Simpson Adrian 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Phonemic phonological accounts of the fricatives [ç], [x] and [Ӽ] in German must either introduce an arbitrary piece of morphological information into the phonology, or set up a controversial phoneme of open juncture. An alternative account is proposed which avoids both of these problems. I provide a phonological analysis which employs an explicit syllable structure and a phonetic interpretation of this structure is given in terms of the exponency statements of a Firthian prosodic phonology.
Laboratory diagnostic outcome applying detection criteria recommended by the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the ISTH on Lupus Anticoagulant
Authors: Biguzzi Eugenia , Asti Daniela , Palmucci Claudia , Tripodi Armando , Chantarangkul Veena 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis study shows the diagnostic outcome of an APTT-based and two dRVVT-based commercial confirmatory integrated tests with the application of the recommendations by the Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC) on Lupus anticoagulant (LA)/antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) issued in 2009 concerning the cut-off values for the screening, mixing and confirmatory tests for the detection of LA and the mandatory need to perform mixing tests of patient plasma with pooled normal plasma. The study population included 565 patients collected from a large central coagulation laboratory, for which the attending physicians requested LA detection. One-hundred-six healthy subjects (HS) and 131 selected patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) were included as negative controls. The results suggest that the performance of mixing tests is indicated for those methods with relatively poor specificity, but is less needed for those methods with high specificity. Furthermore, the SSC recommendation to use normal mid-value (i.e. the 50th percentile of distribution of results from healthy subjects) as the cut-off to interpret results of confirmatory tests, showed a modest increase in LA detection rate (sensitivity) but at the expense of specificity, particularly in methods with low specificity.
Clopidogrel pretreatment in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Prevalence of high on-treatment platelet reactivity and impact on preprocedural patency of the infarct-related artery
Authors: Berdejo Javier , Roura Gerard , Gómez-Lara Josep , Romaguera Rafael , Teruel Luis , Sánchez-Elvira Guillermo , Marcano Ana , Gómez-Hospital Joan , Angiolillo Dominick , Cequier Ángel , Ferreiro José , Homs Sílvia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryTo date, there is limited data on levels of platelet inhibition achieved in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are loaded with clopidogrel and aspirin (ASA) prior to undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the percentage of STEMI patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) to clopidogrel at the time of initiating P-PCI and its association with the initial patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA). This prospective pharmacodynamic study included 50 STEMI patients, previously naïve to oral antiplatelet agents, who received 500-mg ASA and 600-mg clopidogrel loading doses prior to P-PCI. Platelet function assessment was performed at the beginning of the procedure using various assays, including VerifyNow™ system (primary endpoint), light transmission aggregometry and multiple electrode aggregometry. The percentage of patients with suboptimal response to clopidogrel and ASA assessed with the VerifyNow™ system was 88.0% and 28.6%, respectively. Similar results were obtained with the other assays used. A higher percentage of patients with initial patency of the IRA was observed among those patients without HPR compared with those with HPR to clopidogrel (66.7% vs 15.9%; p=0.013), while no differences were observed regarding postprocedural angiographic or electrocardiographic outcomes. In conclusion, this study shows that a high percentage of STEMI patients have inadequate levels of clopidogrel-induced and, to a lesser extent, aspirin-mediated platelet inhibition when starting a P-PCI procedure, and suggests that a poor response to clopidogrel might be associated with impaired initial TIMI flow in the IRA.
Forecasting the Impact of Heart Failure in the United States
Authors: Heidenreich Paul A. , Albert Nancy M. , Allen Larry A. , Bluemke David A. , Butler Javed , Fonarow Gregg C. , Ikonomidis John S. , Khavjou Olga , Konstam Marvin A. , Maddox Thomas M. , Nichol Graham , Pham Michael , Piña Ileana L. , Trogdon Justin G. 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Heart failure (HF) is an important contributor to both the burden and cost of national healthcare expenditures, with more older Americans hospitalized for HF than for any other medical condition. With the aging of the population, the impact of HF is expected to increase substantially.

Methods and Results—
We estimated future costs of HF by adapting a methodology developed by the American Heart Association to project the epidemiology and future costs of HF from 2012 to 2030 without double counting the costs attributed to comorbid conditions. The model assumes that HF prevalence will remain constant by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and that rising costs and technological innovation will continue at the same rate. By 2030, >8 million people in the United States (1 in every 33) will have HF. Between 2012 and 2030, real (2010$) total direct medical costs of HF are projected to increase from $21 billion to $53 billion. Total costs, including indirect costs for HF, are estimated to increase from $31 billion in 2012 to $70 billion in 2030. If one assumes all costs of cardiac care for HF patients are attributable to HF (no cost attribution to comorbid conditions), the 2030 projected cost estimates of treating patients with HF will be 3-fold higher ($160 billion in direct costs).

Conclusions—
The estimated prevalence and cost of care for HF will increase markedly because of aging of the population. Strategies to prevent HF and improve the efficiency of care are needed.
The “Lost Mackerel” of the North East Atlantic—The Flawed System of Trilateral and Bilateral Decision-making
Authors: Ørebech Peter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The North East Atlantic mackerel is moving westward and northward. How to integrate new coastal states whose Exclusive Economic Zone is invaded by mackerel into existing decision-making processes? The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, the 1995 Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement, the 1980 North East Atlantic Fisheries Convention, and bilateral and trilateral agreements between “relevant coastal states” fail to provide rules for present decision-makers to incorporate newcomers. The present harvesting states are sovereign with regard to admitting or refusing newcomers. This article argues for a stricter obligation on coastal states to acknowledge the right of new harvesting nations to access decision-making processes for estimating total allowable catch and allocating quotas. Equitable distribution can occur if quota allocation is subject to principles that are less discretionary than the present ones. One solution is to estimate the ratio of biomass related to the share of coastal states in the distribution of eggs, larvae and fishable stock, and allocate a quota to each coastal and high seas fishing state accordingly.
Prevalence, clinical characteristics and disability of migraine and probable migraine: A nationwide population-based survey in Korea
Authors: Kim Byung-Kun , Chung Yun Kyung , Kim Jae-Moon , Lee Kwang-Soo , Chu Min Kyung 
Published: April 2013

Background Epidemiological data on probable migraine (PM) in Asia have rarely been reported. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and disability of PM in comparison with strict migraine (SM) in Korea. Methods The Korean Headache Survey (KHS) is a nationwide interview survey that investigates the status of headache disorders among adults aged 19–69. We used data from the KHS. Results In a representative sample of 1507 individuals, the one-year prevalence of SM was 6.0%, and that of PM was 11.5%. Most PM sufferers missed the criterion of typical headache duration (82.0%). Multivariable regression analyses revealed that PM sufferers had an increased odds ratio (OR) for mild headache intensity (OR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–3.90) and decreased ORs for living in a small city (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26–0.94), living in a rural area (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14–0.92) and headache frequency five to nine days per month (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.78) compared to SM sufferers. Some SM and PM sufferers experienced decreased activity (26.4% in SM vs. 18.0% in PM) and missed activity (12.1% in SM vs. 14.4% in PM) due to headache. Conclusions PM is a prevalent headache disorder in Korea. Some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of PM are different from those of SM.
Recruitment approaches to identifying newly diagnosed HIV infection among African American men who have sex with men
Authors: Ellen J M , McCree D H , Muvva R , Chung S-E , Miazad R M , Arrington-Sanders R , Jones K , Burnett P , Fichtenberg C 
Published: April 2013

Summary To determine effectiveness of alternate venue testing (AVT), social network strategy (SNS) and provider referral (PR) for identifying previously undiagnosed HIV-infected 18–64-year-old African American men who have sex with men (AA MSM) by a health department. For AVT, staff used a mobile clinic to conduct HIV testing. For PR, staff solicited contact information from HIV-infected AA MSM, located contacts and offered HIV testing. For SNS, HIV-positive AA MSM recruited network associates for HIV testing. Two hundred and eighteen self-identified AA MSM were tested through AVT (25.2% HIV positivity) of whom 20 were newly identified HIV-positive. Fourteen HIV-positive men participated in SNS; 22 AA MSM contacts were recruited through SNS, eight (36.4%) were HIV positive and none were new positives. Two HIV-infected men participated in the PR strategy, yielding two AA MSM sex partners (one previously positive). The results suggest the need for health departments to consider using several complimentary strategies for identifying previously undiagnosed HIV infections in AA MSM in urban environments such as Baltimore.
Pharmacological approaches to the management of schizophrenia: 10 years on
Authors: Castle David , Keks Nicholas , Newton Richard , Schweitzer Isaac , Copolov David , Paoletti Nick , Burrows Graham , Tiller John 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To review the contemporary landscape regarding pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia. Method: Selective literature review. Results: Newer antipsychotic agents include aripiprazole, asenapine, paliperidone, sertindole and ziprasidone. Each has some particular benefits and some shortcomings. Overall treatment efficacy (for positive symptoms at least) has not advanced substantially but some newer agents might have a better profile than older typical agents for negative and cognitive symptoms. Metabolic side effects and hyperprolactinaemia remain a problem with some of the newer agents and appropriate monitoring is required. Conclusions: Whilst newer antipsychotics have been welcome additions to our pharmacological armamentarium, mostly in terms of tolerability, we have still not seen a ‘quantum leap’ agent brought to market. Mechanisms of action apart from post-synaptic dopamine blockade appear worthy of further investigation in this regard.
Issues in the evaluation and treatment of anxiety and depression in migrant women in the perinatal period
Authors: Neale Alice , Wand Anne 
Published: April 2013

Objectives: Perinatal depression and anxiety are prevalent in migrant women. The main aims of this literature review were to understand the psychosocial determinants of depression and anxiety in migrant women antenatally and to explore common clinical presentations. In addition, we aimed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for help-seeking and treatment, in order to identify directions for service development and improvement. Methods: A review of the literature was performed using electronic databases. Results: Depression and anxiety are over represented in migrant women in the perinatal period. Somatic symptoms are common presentations for emotional distress. An identified difficulty is a perceived lack of support, often as a result of cultural dislocation and social isolation. Significant barriers to help-seeking include the perception that limited assistance is available and reluctance to share personal information with an unknown clinician. Preferred therapeutic approaches include the use of clinical consultants from the same or similar culture, as well as practical and emotional support rather than medical management of symptoms. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of psychosocial issues in this vulnerable population. Group programmes with a focus on education about mental and physical health, available supports, and socialisation are effective in engaging and assisting pregnant migrant women.
The Influence of Challenge Course Participation on Moral and Ethical Reasoning
Authors: Smith Carol A. , Strand Sharon E. , Bunting Camille J. 
Published: April 2013

This study investigated the impact of a 15-week outdoor experiential program on the moral reasoning of college students. One hundred and ninety-six university students volunteered to participate in this study, which utilized Rest's (1979) Defining Issues Test (DIT). The DIT investigates how individuals arrive at making decisions, and formulates a “P” (Principled moral reasoning) score for each subject. The groups were found to be homogeneous in moral reasoning at the pretest (outdoor experiential x = 36.07; control x = 33.08; F = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference on the posttest scores of the outdoor experiential program participants (x = 40.98) in relation to the control group (x = 34.14) (F = 3.84). The results of this study demonstrated that the outdoor experiential program participants were significantly different from the control group at posttest. It is postulated that even though improved moral reasoning was not a stated objective, the outdoor experiential students, through front-loading, reflection, critical thinking, problem solving, and adherence to the full value contract, did enhance their level of moral reasoning. Through the combined modeling of behavior and discussion, changes in behavior can occur. The nature of outdoor experiential programs seems well suited to positively influence moral and ethical reasoning.
How to Creatively Evaluate Programs
Authors: Warner Alan 
Published: April 2013

“After awhile we set sail for Hearn Island. A crowd of people gathered to watch us leave. The crew was very efficient, no one raised their voice or made a false move. The wind was brisk and blowing straight into the entrance, which is about forty feet wide. We made seven tacks to get clear. Everyone got quite a charge out of it and we waved good-bye as the tourists snapped pictures” - From the journal of a troubled youth who participated in an adventure challenge sailing program. “Hypothesis (2) stated that there would be a significant difference on the post and follow-up testing intervals between the experimental and control groups of the youth sample on the Self-Esteem Measure and the Behavior Rating Form. Planned comparison as well as the two way overall analysis of variance supported this hypothesis” - From an evaluation research study of an adventure challenge program for troubled youth.
Managing Psychological Depth in Adventure Programmimng
Authors: Ringer Martin , Gillis H.L. “Lee” 
Published: April 2013

The authors describe a model of psychological depth and present some general principles that will enable adventure practitioners to manage the psychological level in the groups for which they are responsible. These principles call for the leader to pay attention to their language and the language of group participants. In particular, attention should be paid to four main criteria. The first of these criteria is an indication of the way in which the participant is involved in the topic under discussion. The second criterion is derived from paying attention to the nature of relationships that are embedded in the participant's conversation. The third criterion is the level of emotional arousal experienced by the participant; no involvement indicating shallow psychological levels and stronger emotional arousal indicating increasing depth. The fourth criterion for assessing psychological depth is a measure of the normal bounds of confidentiality and privacy with which the subject under discussion would normally be treated.
HBI-3000 Prevents Secondary Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Lee Jullia Y. , Lucchesi Benedict R. 
Published: April 2013

Background: In postmyocardial infarction patients, transient episodes of ischemia are associated with a greater incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are responsible for the majority of SCDs, but current pharmacological interventions for prevention of lethal ventricular arrhythmias are less than satisfactory. We investigated the efficacy of HBI-3000 (HBI), a novel antiarrhythmic agent, in preventing SCD in a conscious canine model. Methods: After 3 to 7 days of a surgically induced myocardial infarction (ie, 90-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion), conscious animals were administered vehicle (0.9% NaCl solution for injection) or HBI (15 mg/kg) intravenously. An occlusive thrombus at a site remote from the previous myocardial infarction was induced by electrolytic injury to the intimal surface of the left circumflex coronary artery. Results: Control animals developed premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) followed by ventricular tachycardia, which terminated in VF in 5 of the 8 dogs. HBI reduced the frequency of PVCs, and only 1 of the 9 HBI-treated animals developed VF ( P < .05). In a separate group of postinfarcted animals, the electrical conversion threshold was assessed before and after the intravenous administration of HBI (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg) or flecainide (3 mg/kg), a class IC antiarrhythmic agent. The electrical conversion threshold was not altered by HBI, whereas the administration of flecainide increased the threshold ( P < .01 vs baseline). Conclusions: The data indicate that HBI is an effective antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory agent for the prevention of VF or sudden cardiac death.
Forecasting asthma-related hospital admissions in London using negative binomial models
Authors: Soyiri Ireneous N , Reidpath Daniel D , Sarran Christophe 
Published: April 2013

Health forecasting can improve health service provision and individual patient outcomes. Environmental factors are known to impact chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, but little is known about the extent to which these factors can be used for forecasting. Using weather, air quality and hospital asthma admissions, in London (2005–2006), two related negative binomial models were developed and compared with a naive seasonal model. In the first approach, predictive forecasting models were fitted with 7-day averages of each potential predictor, and then a subsequent multivariable model is constructed. In the second strategy, an exhaustive search of the best fitting models between possible combinations of lags (0–14 days) of all the environmental effects on asthma admission was conducted. Three models were considered: a base model (seasonal effects), contrasted with a 7-day average model and a selected lags model (weather and air quality effects). Season is the best predictor of asthma admissions. The 7-day average and seasonal models were trivial to implement. The selected lags model was computationally intensive, but of no real value over much more easily implemented models. Seasonal factors can predict daily hospital asthma admissions in London, and there is a little evidence that additional weather and air quality information would add to forecast accuracy.
Common Dental Injury Management in Athletes
Authors: Young Eliot J. , Macias C. Roger , Stephens Lindsay 
Published: April 2013

Context: Orofacial and dental trauma continues to be a commonly encountered issue for the sports medicine team. All sports have some risk for dental injury, but “contact sports” presumably incur more risk. Immediate evaluation and proper management of the most common injuries to dentition can result in saving or restoration of tooth structure. Despite the growing body of evidence, mouth guard use and dental protection have not paralleled the increase in sports participation. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search from 1960 through April 2012 was conducted, as well as a review of peer-reviewed online publications. Results: Common dental injuries in sports include tooth (crown) fractures; tooth intrusion, extrusion, and avulsion; and temporomandibular joint dislocation. Mouth guards help prevent most injuries and do not significantly affect ventilation or speech if fitted properly. Conclusion: A working knowledge of the presentation as well as management of commonly encountered dental trauma in sports is essential to the immediate care of an athlete and returning to play. Mouth guard use should be encouraged for athletes of all ages in those sports that incur significant risk.
Increased levels of urinary phenylacetylglycine associated with mitochondrial toxicity in a model of drug-induced phospholipidosis
Authors: Doessegger Lucette , Schmitt Georg , Lenz Barbara , Fischer Holger , Schlotterbeck Götz , Atzpodien Elke-Astrid , Senn Hans , Suter Laura , Csato Miklos , Evers Stefan , Singer Thomas 
Published: April 2013

Background: Phospholipidosis (PLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder induced by a class of cationic amphiphilic drugs. However, drug-induced PLD is reversible. Evidence of PLD from animal studies with some compounds has led to discontinuation of development. Regulatory authorities are likely to request additional studies when PLD is linked to toxicity. Objective: We conducted a trial to investigate urinary phenylacetylglycine (uPAG) as a biomarker for PLD. Materials and methods: Five groups of 12 male Wistar rats were dosed once with vehicle, 300 mg/kg or 1500 mg/kg of compound A (known to induce PLD), or 300 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg of compound B (similar structure, but does not induce PLD) to achieve similar plasma exposures. Following dosing, urine and blood samples underwent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), proteomic, and biochemical analyses. Necropsies were performed at 48 and 168 h, organ histopathology evaluated, and gene expression in liver analyzed by microarray. Electron microscopic examination of peripheral lymphocytes was performed. Results: For compound A, uPAG increased with dose, correlating with lamellar inclusion bodies formation in peripheral lymphocytes. NMR analysis showed decreased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, inferring mitochondrial toxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction was suggested by uPAG increase, resulting from a switch to anaerobic metabolism or disruption of the urea cycle. Discussion and conclusion: uPAG shows utility as a noninvasive biomarker for mitochondrial toxicity associated with drug-induced PLD, providing a mechanistic hypothesis for toxicity associated with PLD likely resulting from combined direct and indirect mitochondrial toxicity via impairment of the proton motor force and alteration of fatty acid catabolism.
Lineage-inappropriate PAX5 expression in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia requires signaling-mediated abrogation of polycomb repression
Authors: Ray Debleena , Kwon So Yeon , Tagoh Hiromi , Heidenreich Olaf , Ptasinska Anetta , Bonifer Constanze 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Lineage-inappropriate expression of the B-cell master regulator PAX5 in t(8;21) AML depends on aberrant MAP kinase signaling. MAP kinase signaling by a mutated growth factor receptor leads to the dissociation of polycomb-repressive complexes from PAX5 chromatin.