bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the WHO Violence Against Women instrument in a male population-based sample in Sweden
Authors: Nybergh Lotta , Taft Charles , Krantz Gunilla 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo explore the psychometric properties of the WHO's Violence Against Women instrument (VAWI) in a randomly selected national sample of Swedish men.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsA postal survey was sent to 1009 men between January and March 2009, during which 458 men (45.4%) returned the questionnaire. 49 men who did not answer any of the violence items were excluded from the analyses, resulting in a final sample of 399 men.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported exposure to psychological, physical and sexual intimate partner violence.ResultsCronbach's α were 0.74 (psychological scale), 0.86 (physical scale), 0.82 (sexual scale) and 0.88 (total scale). Principal components analysis did not corroborate the conceptual three-dimensional model of the VAWI and other constructs were found. Past-year prevalence of physical (7.6%; 95% CI 5.0% to 10.2%) and sexual (2.3%; 95% CI 0.8% to 3.8%) violence was higher than in other Nordic studies; earlier-in-life prevalence of physical violence (6.8%; CI 95% 4.3% to 9.3%) was lower and sexual violence (2.5%; 95% CI 1.0% to 4.0%) was higher. Reported exposure rates were generally higher than those obtained from a concurrently administered instrument (NorVold Abuse Questionnaire).ConclusionsThe VAWI conceptual model was only partially replicated and boundaries between psychological, physical and sexual acts of violence were indistinct among men exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). This finding suggests that there is need for research instruments assessing intimate partner violence to be validated separately in male and female samples in order to ensure their suitability for the respective groups. Furthermore, theoretical frameworks for understanding men's exposure to intimate partner violence need to be advanced and should serve to guide in the development and evaluation of gender-specific IPV assessment instruments.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE MOTION OF A VISCOUS HEAT-CONDUCTING ONE-DIMENSIONAL GAS WITH RADIATION: THE PURE SCATTERING CASE
Authors: DUCOMET BERNARD , NEČASOVÁ ŠÁRKA 
Published: November 2012

We study the large-time behavior of the solution of an initial-boundary value problem for the equations of 1D motions of a compressible viscous heat-conducting gas coupled with radiation through a radiative transfer equation. Assuming only scattering processes between matter and photons (neglecting absorption and emission) and suitable hypotheses on the transport coefficients, we prove that the unique weak solution of the problem converges toward the static state.
Durable Adoptive Immunotherapy for Leukemia Produced by Manipulation of Multiple Regulatory Pathways of CD8+ T-Cell Tolerance
Authors: Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Jackson Stephanie R. , Meyer Jennifer M. , Rouskey Craig J. , Nguyen Thanh-Long M. , Yagita Hideo , Greenberg Philip D. , DiPaolo Richard J. , Teague Ryan M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Tolerizing mechanisms within the host and tumor microenvironment inhibit T-cell effector functions that can control cancer. These mechanisms blunt adoptive immunotherapy with infused T-cells due to a complex array of signals that determine T-cell tolerance, survival, or deletion. Ligation of the negative regulatory receptors CTLA4, PD-1(PDCD1), or LAG3 on T-cells normally hinders their response to antigen through nonredundant biochemical processes that interfere with stimulatory pathways. In this study, we used an established mouse model of T-cell tolerance to define the roles of these inhibitory receptors in regulating CD8+ T-cell tolerance during adoptive immunotherapy to treat leukemia. Blocking CTLA4 and PD-1 in vivo combined to promote survival of transferred T-cells despite powerful deletional signals that mediate Bim (BCL2L11)–dependent apoptosis. However, this dual blockade was not optimal for stimulating effector function by responding T-cells, which required the additional blockade of LAG3 to induce full expansion and allow the acquisition of robust cytolytic activity. Thus, the cooperation of multiple distinct regulatory pathways was needed for the survival and effector differentiation of adoptively transferred tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cells. Our work defines the immune escape pathways in which simultaneous blockade could yield durable immunotherapeutic responses that can eradicate disseminated leukemia. Cancer Res; 73(2); 605–16. ©2012 AACR.
Lysyl Oxidase Plays a Critical Role in Endothelial Cell Stimulation to Drive Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Baker Ann-Marie , Bird Demelza , Welti Jonathan C. , Gourlaouen Morgane , Lang Georgina , Murray Graeme I. , Reynolds Andrew R. , Cox Thomas R. , Erler Janine T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Identification of key molecules that drive angiogenesis is critical for the development of new modalities for the prevention of solid tumor progression. Using multiple models of colorectal cancer, we show that activity of the extracellular matrix–modifying enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) is essential for stimulating endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. We show that LOX activates Akt through platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) stimulation, resulting in increased VEGF expression. LOX-driven angiogenesis can be abrogated through targeting LOX directly or using inhibitors of PDGFRβ, Akt, and VEGF signaling. Furthermore, we show that LOX is clinically correlated with VEGF expression and blood vessel formation in 515 colorectal cancer patient samples. Finally, we validate our findings in a breast cancer model, showing the universality of these observations. Taken together, our findings have broad clinical and therapeutic implications for a wide variety of solid tumor types. Cancer Res; 73(2); 583–94. ©2012 AACR.
Real-time In Vivo Molecular Detection of Primary Tumors and Metastases with Ratiometric Activatable Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Authors: Savariar Elamprakash N. , Felsen Csilla N. , Nashi Nadia , Jiang Tao , Ellies Lesley G. , Steinbach Paul , Tsien Roger Y. , Nguyen Quyen T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Management of metastatic disease is integral to cancer treatment. Evaluation of metastases often requires surgical removal of all anatomically susceptible lymph nodes for ex vivo pathologic examination. We report a family of novel ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides, which contain Cy5 as far red fluorescent donor and Cy7 as near-infrared fluorescent acceptor. Cy5 is quenched in favor of Cy7 re-emission until the intervening linker is cut by tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP2,9) or elastases. Such cleavage increases the Cy5:Cy7 emission ratio 40-fold and triggers tissue retention of the Cy5-containing fragment. This ratiometric increase provides an accelerated and quantifiable metric to identify primary tumors and metastases to liver and lymph nodes with increased sensitivity and specificity. This technique represents a significant advance over existing nonratiometric protease sensors and sentinel lymph node detection methods, which give no information about cancer invasion. Cancer Res; 73(2); 855–64. ©2012 AACR.
Detection of Novel Actionable Genetic Changes in Salivary Duct Carcinoma Helps Direct Patient Treatment
Authors: Nardi Valentina , Sadow Peter M. , Juric Dejan , Zhao Dave , Cosper Arjola K. , Bergethon Kristin , Scialabba Vanessa L. , Batten Julie M. , Borger Darrell R. , Iafrate Anthony John , Heist Rebecca S. , Lawrence Donald P. , Flaherty Keith T. , Bendell Johanna C. , Deschler Daniel , Li Yi , Wirth Lori J. , Dias-Santagata Dora 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) are a rare and aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancers for which cytotoxic chemotherapy has limited efficacy. We investigated whether genotyping analysis could detect novel tumor-specific mutations that would help direct SDC patient treatment using targeted agents.
Experimental Design: We genotyped 27 SDC archival specimens from patients followed at Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (Boston, MA) between 2000 and 2011. These included the tumors of 8 patients who were tested prospectively. Targeted mutational analysis of 13 clinically relevant cancer genes was conducted using SNaPshot multiplexed genotyping. FISH was conducted to detect HER2 gene amplification. Patient medical records and tumor histopathologic features were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Mutually exclusive genetic aberrations were detected in 15 of 27 (56%) tumors, including 2 (7%) mutations in BRAF, 5 (19%) mutations in PIK3CA, and 8 (30%) cases of HER2 gene amplification. To our knowledge, this is the first time that BRAF and PIK3CA mutations have been reported in this tumor type. Prospective clinical testing of 8 patients with SDC identified actionable genetic alterations in 6 tumors and influenced therapeutic decisions for all 6 patients.
Conclusion: SNaPshot molecular profiling identified novel genetic changes in SDCs, expanded the therapeutic options for patients with this rare tumor, and is changing SDC management at our institution. These findings highlight the importance of using broad-based genetic profiling to expedite the identification of effective-targeted therapies for patients with rare malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 480–90. ©2012 AACR.
Dysregulation of the Repressive H3K27 Trimethylation Mark in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Contributes to Dysregulated Squamous Differentiation
Authors: Gannon Orla M. , Merida de Long Lilia , Endo-Munoz Liliana , Hazar-Rethinam Mehlika , Saunders Nicholas A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers diagnosed worldwide and is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 55%. EZH2, a component of the polycomb repressor complex 2, trimethylates H3K27 (H3K27me3), which has been shown to drive squamous differentiation in normal keratinocytes. This study determined whether inhibition of EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing could induce differentiation or provide therapeutic benefit in HNSCC.
Experimental Design: We determined the effects of inhibiting EZH2, by either RNA interference or pharmacologically, on HNSCC growth, viability, and differentiation in vitro. Xenografts of HNSCC cell lines were used to assess efficacy of 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an inhibitor of H3K27 trimethylation, in vivo.
Results: EZH2 was highly expressed in HNSCC cell lines in vitro and tissue microarray analysis revealed high expression in (n = 59) in situ relative to normal oral epithelium (n = 12). Inhibition of EZH2 with siRNA could induce expression of differentiation genes in differentiation-refractory squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Differentiation-refractory HNSCC cell lines displayed persistent H3K27me3 on the promoters of differentiation genes. DZNep caused cancer-cell–specific apoptosis in addition to a profound reduction in colony-forming efficiency and induction of some squamous differentiation genes. Furthermore, in vivo, DZNep attenuated tumor growth in two different xenograft models, caused intratumor inhibition of EZH2, and induction of differentiation genes in situ.
Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that aberrant differentiation in HNSCC may be attributed to epigenetic dysregulation and suggest that inhibition of PRC2-mediated gene repression may represent a potential therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 428–41. ©2012 AACR.
Predicting Enhanced Cell Killing through PARP Inhibition
Authors: Horton Julie K. , Wilson Samuel H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
PARP inhibitors show promise as combination and single agents in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we evaluate results obtained with mouse fibroblasts and the common laboratory PARP inhibitor 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (4-AN) and analyze the potential for enhanced cytotoxicity following the combination of a DNA-damaging agent and a PARP inhibitor. Methylated DNA bases are repaired by the monofunctional glycosylase-initiated single-nucleotide base excision repair (BER) pathway. An intermediate of this process has a single-nucleotide gap in double-stranded DNA containing the 5′-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) group at one margin. This 5′-dRP group is removed by the lyase activity of pol β prior to gap filling; then completion of repair is by DNA ligation. PARP-1 binds to and is activated by the 5′-dRP group–containing intermediate, and poly(ADP-ribos)ylation is important for efficient repair. 4-AN–mediated sensitization to the methylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide is extreme, producing a level of cytotoxicity not seen with either agent alone. In contrast, with agents producing oxidative DNA damage repaired by bifunctional glycosylase-initiated BER, there is only weak sensitization by cotreatment with PARP inhibitor. Other clinically used DNA-damaging agents repaired by different DNA repair pathways also reveal minimal 4-AN–mediated sensitization. This information has potentially important implications for strategic use of PARP inhibitors in chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res; 11(1); 13–18. ©2012 AACR.
A Match Made by Modafinil: Probability Matching in Choice Decisions and Spatial Attention
Authors: Geng Joy J. , Soosman Steffan , Sun Yile , DiQuattro Nicholas E. , Stankevitch Beth , Minzenberg Michael J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhen predicting where a target or reward will be, participants tend to choose each location commensurate with the true underlying probability (i.e., probability match). The strategy of probability matching involves independent sampling of high and low probability locations on separate trials. In contrast, models of probabilistic spatial attention hypothesize that on any given trial attention will either be weighted toward the high probability location or be distributed equally across all locations. Thus, the strategies of probabilistic sampling by choice decisions and spatial attention appear to differ with regard to low-probability events. This distinction is somewhat surprising because similar brain mechanisms (e.g., pFC-mediated cognitive control) are thought to be important in both functions. Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between choice decisions and attentional selection within single trials to test for any strategic differences, then to determine whether that relationship is malleable to manipulations of catecholamine-modulated cognitive control with the drug modafinil. Our results demonstrate that spatial attention and choice decisions followed different strategies of probabilistic information selection on placebo, but that modafinil brought the pattern of spatial attention into alignment with that of predictive choices. Modafinil also produced earlier learning of the probability distribution. Together, these results suggest that enhancing cognitive control mechanisms (e.g., through prefrontal cortical function) leads spatial attention to follow choice decisions in selecting information according to rule-based expectations.
The Representation of Audiovisual Regularities in the Human Brain
Authors: Besle Julien , Hussain Zahra , Giard Marie-Hélène , Bertrand Olivier 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Neural representation of auditory regularities can be probed using the MMN, a component of ERPs generated in the auditory cortex by any violation of that regularity. Although several studies have shown that visual information can influence or even trigger an MMN by altering an acoustic regularity, it is not known whether audiovisual regularities are encoded in the auditory representation supporting MMN generation. We compared the MMNs elicited by the auditory violation of (a) an auditory regularity (a succession of identical standard sounds), (b) an audiovisual regularity (a succession of identical audiovisual stimuli), and (c) an auditory regularity accompanied by variable visual stimuli. In all three conditions, the physical difference between the standard and the deviant sound was identical. We found that the MMN triggered by the same auditory deviance was larger for audiovisual regularities than for auditory-only regularities or for auditory regularities paired with variable visual stimuli, suggesting that the visual regularity influenced the representation of the auditory regularity. This result provides evidence for the encoding of audiovisual regularities in the human brain.
Modulation of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity by the ISO. Part I: Genesis and Intensity
Authors: Li Richard C. Y. , Zhou Wen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study investigates the intraseasonal variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) by systematically examining the two major components of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), the 30–60-day Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the 10–20-day quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO). Results suggest that these two ISO modes exhibit different origins, spatial scales, and propagation characteristics, which result in distinctive TC modulation in the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). The northeastward-propagating MJO predominantly controls the basinwide TC frequency. The significant increase (reduction) in cyclogenesis in the convective (nonconvective) phase is found to be associated with the concomitant strengthening (weakening) of the monsoon trough. In addition, the large contrast in TC frequency also results in a significant difference in daily accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) between the convective and nonconvective MJO phases. The northwestward-propagating QBWO, in contrast, is characterized by alternating signals of positive and negative convection. It leads to the opposite TC modulation in the WNP1 (0°–30°N, 120°–150°E) and WNP2 (0°–30°N, 150°E–180°) regions and results in a northwestward shift in TC genesis locations, which in turn causes substantial differences in intensity distribution and daily ACE for different QBWO phases. Finally, a brief examination of the dual mode situation suggests that the QBWO generally exerts modulation upon the background MJO, and the modulation seems to vary under different MJO conditions.
Mapping Surface Currents and Waves with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar in Coastal Waters: Observations of Wave Breaking in Swell-Dominant Conditions*
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Toporkov Jakov V. , Sletten Mark A. , Menk Steven P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Airborne and spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radars (InSARs) produce surface velocity measurements at very high spatial resolutions over a large area. The data allow construction of the velocity strain field for highlighting ocean surface processes such as wave breaking and rip currents. Also, coherence between signals from two interferometric channels is a descriptor of the correlation condition of the surface roughness that scatters back the radar signals and it is an indication of the ocean surface turbulence. Wave breaking is a major turbulence source causing surface roughness decorrelation, thus the coherence parameter serves as an independent means for detecting wave breaking. The results of breaking detection using roughness decorrelation and critical local acceleration are comparable. In this paper, the breaking fraction in swell-dominant mixed seas along a cross-shore transect is compared with several steepness parameters characterizing different length scales of surface waves. The highest correlation coefficient (from 0.90 to 0.99) is between the breaking fraction and windsea mean square slope contributed primarily by short waves. This result reinforces the previous field observations showing that the length scales of breaking waves are much shorter than the energetic components near the spectral peak, although dominant waves and the associated wave group modulation are important in triggering the breaking process. The large spatial coverage of airborne or spaceborne operation further offers the opportunity to investigate evolution of the surface wave spectrum in high spatial (subkilometer) resolution. This capability is very useful for monitoring the coastal wave and current environment.
An Automated Method for Depicting Mesocyclone Paths and Intensities
Authors: Miller Madison L. , Lakshmanan Valliappa , Smith Travis M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The location and intensity of mesocyclone circulations can be tracked in real time by accumulating azimuthal shear values over time at every location of a uniform spatial grid. Azimuthal shear at low (0–3 km AGL) and midlevels (3–6 km AGL) of the atmosphere is computed in a noise-tolerant manner by fitting the Doppler velocity observations in the neighborhood of a pulse volume to a plane and finding the slope of that plane. Rotation tracks created in this manner are contaminated by nonmeteorological signatures caused by poor velocity dealiasing, ground clutter, radar test patterns, and spurious shear values. To improve the quality of these fields for real-time use and for an accumulated multiyear climatology, new dealiasing strategies, data thresholding, and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) techniques have been implemented. These techniques remove nearly all nonmeteorological contaminants, resulting in much clearer rotation tracks that appear to match mesocyclone paths and intensities closely.
Ceilings and Floors
Authors: Goertz Gary , Hak Tony , Dul Jan 
Published: November 2012

There are situations where the data or the theory suggest or require, respectively, that one estimate the boundary lines that separate regions of observations from regions of no observations. Of particular interest are ceiling or floor lines. For example, many theories use terms such as veto player, constraint, only if, and so on, which suggest ceilings. Ceiling hypotheses have a nonstandard form claiming the probability of Y will be zero for all values of Y greater than the ceiling value of Yc for a given value of X. Conversely, ceiling hypotheses make no specific prediction about the value of Y for a given value of X except that it will be less than the ceiling value. Floors work by guaranteeing minimum levels. The article gives numerous examples of theories that imply ceiling or floor hypotheses and numerous examples of data that fit such hypotheses. The article proposes quantile regression as a means of estimating the boundaries of the no-data zone as well as criteria for evaluating the importance of the boundary variable. These techniques are illustrated for ceiling and floor hypotheses relating gross domestic product/capita and democracy.