bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A young woman presenting with dyspnoea and diffuse T-wave inversions: a case report
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Zhang Jingwen , Cao Yunshan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
T-wave inversions on electrocardiograms (ECGs) indicate a variety of conditions, such as coronary artery disease, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy. Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) may cause right ventricular enlargement and ischaemia, which are reflected as T-wave inversions on ECGs. Continuous ECG monitoring is crucial for detecting dynamic changes indicative of PAS progression and reversal in right heart remodelling.

Case summary
This report presents the case of a young woman who experienced exertional dyspnoea for 5 years with ECG findings showing T-wave inversions across multiple leads. The patient was diagnosed with PAS and PH caused by Takayasu arteritis (TA). Following three successful balloon pulmonary angioplasty sessions, the patient exhibited significant clinical improvement, including the remission of PAS and PH. Throughout a 59-month cumulative follow-up period, the sustained effectiveness of the treatment was evidenced by the regression of right heart remodelling, as manifested in the normalization of the initially inverted T-waves on the ECG.

Discussion
Electrocardiogram changes, including right axis deviation, right bundle branch block, a deep S wave in lead I (R/S &lt; 1), and a prominent R wave in lead aVR (R/Q &gt; 1), have been termed PAS syndrome, often linked to TA-associated PAS, especially in young East Asian females. Early diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to atypical symptoms. The non-invasive ECG is vital for detection, with balloon pulmonary angioplasty serving as an effective treatment for TA-induced PAS when surgery is not an option, improving outcomes and potentially reversing right heart remodelling.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Ghana
Authors: Twumasi-Ankrah Betty , Kiddy-Kodua Joseph O , Aniagyei Marian , Owoo Jessica , Boachie-Yiadom Edwin , Beaney Thomas , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Poulter Neil R , Adzaho Emmanuella , Myers-Hansen Gustavus A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) with the aim of raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and serving as a catalyst for the establishment of screening programmes around the world. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was conducted. A standardized protocol for MMM was used to measure BP and collect relevant health information from participants at screening sites in four regions of Ghana. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication. A total of 4832 people agreed to take part in the MMM21 study and were screened. After multiple imputation of missing BP readings, 1426 people (29.5%) had hypertension. 11.9% of the 1426 participants with hypertension were aware of their condition, and 8.6% reported taking antihypertensive medication. 24.2% of 123 people on antihypertensive medication had their BP under control (&lt;140/90 mmHg). In addition, only 2.1% of the 1426 participants with hypertension had controlled BP. Results from this study found that almost nine out of 10 people with hypertension who were screened were unaware of their condition, most were untreated, and only 2% of those with hypertension had their BP controlled with medication. This emphasizes the importance of BP screening campaigns as a tool for identifying and referring people with high BP for treatment.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Mexico
Authors: Alcocer Luis , Palomo Silvia , Rangel-Zertuche Ricardo A , Berumen-Lechuga María Guadalupe , Medina-Serrano Julio M , García-Cortés Luis Rey , Mejía-Rodríguez Oliva , Beaney Thomas , Kerr Gabriele , Poulter Neil R ,   GRETHA and GCHA research groups, Gonzalez-Coronado Vidal Jose , Paniagua-Sierra Jose Ramon , Gonzalez-Palomo Esteban , Leon-Vazquez MarIa de la Luz , Piedras-Herrera Mónica Gabriela , Seefoo-Jarquin Patricia , Dzib Roxana del Socorro-González , Dominguez-Hernandez  , Ortiz-Fonseca Dulce Samantha , Robles-Rosas Maria Rosario Isabel , Felix-Palma Martin Alberto , Martinez-Villa Francisco Antonio , Acosta-Vazquez Eunice , Felix-Heredia Jose Luis , Tirado-Reyes Roberto Joel , Hernandez-Ayala Juan Francisco , Acosta-Sanchez Abigail Leticia , García-Tinoco Rosa María , Castañeda-Lopez Nuvia Karina , Salazar-Valenzuela Oswaldo , Ruiz-Mejía German , Zazueta-Angulo Elisa Catalina , Morales-Alvarez Jesús José , Sarmiento-Rodríguez Laura Lucía , Casaubon-Vargas Mariana , Martínez-Reyna Luis Carlos , Meza-Cardona Jorge Alejandro , -Hernandez Rocio Guadalupe Galván , Lopez-Campos Dora Elía , Negras Piedras , Cervantes-Carranza Magdalena , Flores-Salinas Alberto , Tello-Orduña Elba Rosario , Franco-Vergara Beatriz Cecilia , Hernández-Rodriguez Jose Ubaldo , Brown-Mena Christian , Carbó-Villalobos César Alejandro , Frontera Ciudad , Lozano-Mendoza Carlos Ramiro , Rosita Nueva , Guzman-Rodríguez Humberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
May Measurement Month 2021 (MMM21) in Mexico was an opportunistic survey that aimed to improve blood pressure awareness at the individual and population levels and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence, knowledge, and rates of hypertension in the country. This survey followed the methodology of MMM, previously published. The total number of participants screened was 77 547, of which 47 793 (61.6%) were female and 29 178 (37.6%) were male. The mean age (SD) was 46.2 (16.6) years. Of all 77 547 participants, 14 939 (19.3%) had hypertension, of which 48% were aware. The frequency and awareness of hypertension in this survey are similar to those reported before the pandemic (MMM19—Mexico and the 2019 National Health Survey), suggesting that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in these parameters of arterial hypertension was not as important as expected. These data are concordant with the official reports in Mexico that showed that the pandemic had a severe impact on cardiovascular mortality but did not modify mortality due to hypertension or stroke.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Uganda
Authors: Wanzhu Zhang , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , Ingabire Prossie , Nabirye Stella , Beaney Thomas , Janssen-Telders Carolina , Poulter Neil R , Mondo Charles Kiiza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in Uganda accounting for more than 50% of cardiovascular related deaths each year. In Uganda, more than 25% of adults have high BP with lack of awareness being the main barrier to achieving satisfactory control rates. May measurement month (MMM) is a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of BP screening programmes. A cross-sectional survey of voluntary screenees aged 18 years and above was carried out between May and September 2021. Screening was carried out in two outpatient departments of two referral hospitals within the capital city, Kampala. BP measurements, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. A total of 1671 people were screened and included in analysis. After multiple imputation, 1018 (60.9%) had hypertension. Of all 1018 participants with hypertension, 765 (75.1%) were aware and 750 (69.3%) were on antihypertensive medicine. Of the participants on antihypertensive medicine, 248 (35.2%) had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Previous history of stroke and taking alcohol 1–6 times per week were significantly associated with higher diastolic BP. The MMM21 Uganda campaign highlights the importance of measuring BP as it generates real-time data on untreated and inadequately treated hypertension. This should motivate government and policy makers to promote routine local screening for BP.
May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from the Philippines
Authors: Mina Arnold Benjamin C , David-Ona Deborah Ignacia , Bonzon Dolores D , Vilela Gilbert C , Balmores Benjamin A , Co Marlon T , Mercado-Asis Leilani B , Castillo Rafael R , Abasolo-Lao Evelyn M , Dela Cruz Peter Bryan , Rabago Norman Panfilo G , Poulter Neil R , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan M , Diaz Alejandro Bimbo F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Philippine Society of Hypertension (PSH) took part again in the annual May Measurement Month 2021 (MMM21) blood pressure (BP) campaign to raise awareness of hypertension. The MMM standard protocol designed by the MMM coordinating centre was used during screening. These included the collection of basic data on demography, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Standardized sitting BP measurements were taken three times, using automated BP apparatus and were either entered via MMM21 app, MMM@Home, and Google Forms or recorded on paper and transferred to Excel spreadsheets by PSH encoders. Hypertension was defined either as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication. A total of 59 655 participated through opportunistic convenience sampling. After multiple imputation, a total of 26 813 (44.9%) participants were identified as having hypertension. Of these, 14 449 (53.9%) were aware and 12 978 (48.4%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those who were treated, 5644 (43.5%) had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg) and 7334 (56.5%) were uncontrolled. These latest local data showed that BP awareness is still low with BP control achieved in less than half of treated patients. Continued collaboration is needed to improve BP screening programmes in the country.
The heritability of fitness in a wild annual plant population with hierarchical size structure
Authors: Schoen Daniel J , Speed Doug 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The relative magnitude of additive genetic vs. residual variation for fitness traits is important in models for predicting the rate of evolution and population persistence in response to changes in the environment. In many annual plants, lifetime reproductive fitness is correlated with end-of-season plant biomass, which can vary significantly from plant to plant in the same population. We measured end-of-season plant biomasses and obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes of plants in a dense, natural population of the annual plant species Impatiens capensis with hierarchical size structure. These data were used to estimate the amount of heritable variation for position in the size hierarchy and for plant biomass. Additive genetic variance for a position in the size hierarchy and plant biomass were both significantly different from zero. These results are discussed in relationship to the theory for the heritability of fitness in natural populations and ecological factors that potentially influence heritable variation for fitness in this species.
Origin and maintenance of large ribosomal RNA gene repeat size in mammals
Authors: Macdonald Emma , Whibley Annabel , Waters Paul D , Patel Hardip , Edwards Richard J , Ganley Austen R D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The genes encoding ribosomal RNA are highly conserved across life and in almost all eukaryotes are present in large tandem repeat arrays called the rDNA. rDNA repeat unit size is conserved across most eukaryotes but has expanded dramatically in mammals, principally through the expansion of the intergenic spacer region that separates adjacent rRNA coding regions. Here, we used long-read sequence data from representatives of the major amniote lineages to determine where in amniote evolution rDNA unit size increased. We find that amniote rDNA unit sizes fall into two narrow size classes: “normal” (∼11–20 kb) in all amniotes except monotreme, marsupial, and eutherian mammals, which have “large” (∼35–45 kb) sizes. We confirm that increases in intergenic spacer length explain much of this mammalian size increase. However, in stark contrast to the uniformity of mammalian rDNA unit size, mammalian intergenic spacers differ greatly in sequence. These results suggest a large increase in intergenic spacer size occurred in a mammalian ancestor and has been maintained despite substantial sequence changes over the course of mammalian evolution. This points to a previously unrecognized constraint on the length of the intergenic spacer, a region that was thought to be largely neutral. We finish by speculating on possible causes of this constraint.
‘Very Full of Details and Excellently Executed’: Materiality and Medicine in Hans Rottenhammer’s Painted Bodies
Authors: Hutchinson Amelia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between skin, materiality and medicine in the early modern German-speaking lands. It focuses on the understudied artwork of the Munich-born artist Johann Rottenhammer (1564–1625), demonstrating that his painted bodies were related to medical understandings of skin. Skin was a mediating boundary between inside and outside: the colour and texture of skin carried meanings about the internal state of the body. In this period, ‘exploration’ beyond Europe was destabilizing the definition of ‘good’ or ‘normative’ skin. The appearance of healthy or unhealthy skin was expressed in contemporary northern European artistic theory, for example in Karel van Mander’s Book on Painting. This article contributes to the growing literature on materiality and medicine by demonstrating their indelible impact on the artist’s project. Medical histories of the sixteenth century have traditionally positioned the Galenic and Paracelsian medical traditions as diametrically opposed. This article observes, however, key areas of similarity—the origin of curative materials, and the relationship between the internal body and the external natural world—and considers how they were present in early modern German understandings of skin.
Role of Walking Energetics and Perceived Fatigability Differs by Gait Speed: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)
Authors: Garcia Reagan E , Blackwell Terri L , Forman Daniel E , Coen Paul M , Nicklas Barbara J , Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Cawthon Peggy M , Toledo Frederico G S , Goodpaster Bret H , Cummings Steven R , Newman Anne B , Glynn Nancy W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Slower gait speed may be driven by greater energy deficits and fatigability among older adults. We examined associations of walking energetics and perceived physical fatigability with gait speed among slower and faster walkers. Additionally, we used statistical mediation to examine the role of fatigability in the associations of walking energetics and gait speed using the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Methods
Perceived physical fatigability was assessed using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical score (range 0–50, higher = greater). A 3-phase cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill test collected peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak, mL/kg/min), energetic cost of walking (ECW, mL/kg/m), and cost–capacity ratio (VO2/VO2peak*100, %). Slower (&lt;1.01 m/s) versus faster (≥1.01 m/s) walkers were classified using median 4-m gait speed. Linear regressions and statistical mediation analyses were conducted.

Results
Slower walkers had lower VO2peak, higher ECW at preferred walking speed (PWS), and greater PFS Physical score compared to faster walkers (all p &lt; .05; N = 849). One standard deviation (1-SD) higher VO2peak was associated with 0.1 m/s faster gait speed, while 1-SD higher ECW PWS, cost–capacity ratio at PWS and slow walking speed (SWS), and PFS Physical score were associated with 0.02–0.23 m/s slower gait speed. PFS Physical score was a significant statistical mediator in the associations between VO2peak (15.2%), SWS cost–capacity ratio (15.9%), and ECW PWS (10.7%) with gait speed and was stronger among slower walkers.

Conclusions
Slower walkers may be more influenced by perceptions of fatigue in addition to walking energetics. Our work highlights the importance of targeting both energetics and perceived fatigability to prevent mobility decline.
Mitochondria as therapeutic targets in assisted reproduction
Authors: Yildirim Raziye Melike , Seli Emre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles with specialized functions, which play crucial roles in energy production, calcium homeostasis, and programmed cell death. In oocytes, mitochondrial populations are inherited maternally and are vital for developmental competence. Dysfunction in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms can lead to reproductive failure. Due to their central role in oocyte and embryo development, mitochondria have been investigated as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in assisted reproduction. Pharmacological agents that target mitochondrial function and show promise in improving assisted reproduction outcomes include antioxidant coenzyme Q10 and mitoquinone, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway inhibitor rapamycin, and nicotinamide mononucleotide. Mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRTs) offer solutions for infertility and mitochondrial disorders. Autologous germline mitochondrial energy transfer initially showed promise but failed to demonstrate significant benefits in clinical trials. Maternal spindle transfer (MST) and pronuclear transfer hold potential for preventing mitochondrial disease transmission and improving oocyte quality. Clinical trials of MST have shown promising outcomes, but larger studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy. However, ethical and legislative challenges complicate the widespread implementation of MRTs.
Thermoeconomic, environmental and uncertainty assessments and optimization of a novel large-scale/low carbon hydrogen liquefaction plant integrated with liquefied natural gas cold energy
Authors: Zou Shuilong , Basem Ali , Shami Hayder Oleiwi , Sabri Laith S , Rajab Husam , Farqad Rand Otbah , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Alhaidry Wesam Abed A L Hassan , Idan Ameer Hassan , Golizadeh Farid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Presently, the liquefaction of hydrogen represents a promising solution to alleviate challenges associated with its storage and transportation. It is crucial to formulate methodological frameworks for scrutinizing hydrogen liquefaction routes to enhance energy efficiency. This paper endeavors to establish, assess feasibility, and refine a novel approach for a high-capacity hydrogen liquefaction facility, leveraging the cold energy from liquefied natural gas (LNG). This new route utilizes four hybrid refrigeration systems, each designed to handle 50 × 103 kg daily. Significant energy savings are achievable through the primary utilization of LNG’s energy in the precooling stage and the generation of electrical power during the vaporization phase. The architecture of this novel route is crafted around the principles of energy conservation, incorporating thermodynamic assessments alongside economic and environmental viability studies. Furthermore, the performance of this innovative hydrogen liquefaction method is thoroughly evaluated across both non-optimized and optimized scenarios. Advanced techniques such as composite curve and uncertainty analyses are employed to provide a detailed examination of heat cascades and cost differentials. The findings indicate that managing LNG’s cold energy is crucial for refining the hydrogen liquefaction route, potentially reducing the specific power requirement of the optimum route by 27.4% compared to its non-optimum counterpart. Moreover, in the optimized scenario, there is a decrease of ~4.72% in unit production expenses, 26.26% in CO2 emissions, and 21.85% in specific power usage for avoided CO2 emissions.
Cosmopolitan Pariahs: The Moral Rationale for Exclusion under Article 1F
Authors: Grey Colin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article reconstructs the moral rationale for exclusion under article 1F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The idea that certain refugees may be ‘undeserving’ of refugee protection because of past criminality is incompatible with a reading of the international refugee law regime as a human rights regime. Instead, the best reconstruction of exclusion’s moral rationale is to construe it as a non-punitive form of blame, under which the international community withdraws the beneficence and goodwill necessary to enter into thicker relations of shared residence and potential citizenship. Some troubling implications of this construal of exclusion are briefly explored.
Divergent molecular strategies drive evolutionary adaptation to competitive fitness in biofilm formation
Authors: Tang Mingxing , Yang Ruixue , Zhuang Zilin , Han Shuhong , Sun Yunke , Li Peiyu , Fan Kewei , Cai Zhao , Yang Qiong , Yu Zhijian , Yang Liang , Li Shuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biofilm is a group of heterogeneously structured and densely packed bacteria with limited access to nutrients and oxygen. These intrinsic features can allow a mono-species biofilm to diversify into polymorphic subpopulations, determining the overall community’s adaptive capability to changing ecological niches. However, the specific biological functions underlying biofilm diversification and fitness adaptation are poorly demonstrated. Here, we launched and monitored the experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, finding that two divergent molecular trajectories were adopted for adaptation to higher competitive fitness in biofilm formation: one involved hijacking bacteriophage superinfection to aggressively inhibit kin competitors, whereas the other induced a subtle change in cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signaling to gain a positional advantage via enhanced early biofilm adhesion. Bioinformatics analyses implicated that similar evolutionary strategies were prevalent among clinical P. aeruginosa strains, indicative of parallelism between natural and experimental evolution. Divergence in the molecular bases illustrated the adaptive values of genomic plasticity for gaining competitive fitness in biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that these fitness-adaptive mutations reduced bacterial virulence. Our findings revealed how the mutations intrinsically generated from the biofilm environment influence the evolution of P. aeruginosa.
Four years of climate warming reduced dark carbon fixation in coastal wetlands
Authors: Liu Bolin , Qi Lin , Zheng Yanling , Zhang Chao , Zhou Jie , An Zhirui , Wang Bin , Lin Zhuke , Yao Cheng , Wang Yixuan , Yin Guoyu , Dong Hongpo , Li Xiaofei , Liang Xia , Han Ping , Liu Min , Zhang Guosen , Cui Ying , Hou Lijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dark carbon fixation (DCF), conducted mainly by chemoautotrophs, contributes greatly to primary production and the global carbon budget. Understanding the response of DCF process to climate warming in coastal wetlands is of great significance for model optimization and climate change prediction. Here, based on a 4-yr field warming experiment (average annual temperature increase of 1.5°C), DCF rates were observed to be significantly inhibited by warming in coastal wetlands (average annual DCF decline of 21.6%, and estimated annual loss of 0.08–1.5 Tg C yr−1 in global coastal marshes), thus causing a positive climate feedback. Under climate warming, chemoautotrophic microbial abundance and biodiversity, which were jointly affected by environmental changes such as soil organic carbon and water content, were recognized as significant drivers directly affecting DCF rates. Metagenomic analysis further revealed that climate warming may alter the pattern of DCF carbon sequestration pathways in coastal wetlands, increasing the relative importance of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, whereas the relative importance of the dominant chemoautotrophic carbon fixation pathways (Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and W-L pathway) may decrease due to warming stress. Collectively, our work uncovers the feedback mechanism of microbially mediated DCF to climate warming in coastal wetlands, and emphasizes a decrease in carbon sequestration through DCF activities in this globally important ecosystem under a warming climate.