bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between routine and research measurement of infant height and weight
Authors: Bryant M , Santorelli G , Fairley L , Petherick E S , Bhopal R , Lawlor D A , Tilling K , Howe L D , Farrar D , Cameron N , Mohammed M , Wright J 
Published: September 2014

In many countries, routine data relating to growth of infants are collected as a means of tracking health and illness up to school age. These have potential to be used in research. For health monitoring and research, data should be accurate and reliable. This study aimed to determine the agreement between length/height and weight measurements from routine infant records and researcher-collected data.MethodsHeight/length and weight at ages 6, 12 and 24 months from the longitudinal UK birth cohort (born in Bradford; n=836–1280) were compared with routine data collected by health visitors within 2 months of the research data (n=104–573 for different comparisons). Data were age adjusted and compared using Bland Altman plots.ResultsThere was agreement between data sources, albeit weaker for height than for weight. Routine data tended to underestimate length/height at 6 months (0.5 cm (95% CI −4.0 to 4.9)) and overestimate it at 12 (−0.3 cm (95% CI −0.5 to 4.0)) and 24 months (0.3 cm (95% CI −4.0 to 3.4)). Routine data slightly overestimated weight at all three ages (range −0.04 kg (95% CI −1.2 to 0.9) to −0.04 (95% CI −0.7 to 0.6)). Limits of agreement were wide, particularly for height. Differences were generally random, although routine data tended to underestimate length in taller infants and underestimate weight in lighter infants.ConclusionsRoutine data can provide an accurate and feasible method of data collection for research, though wide limits of agreement between data sources may be observed. Differences could be due to methodological issues; but may relate to variability in clinical practice. Continued provision of appropriate training and assessment is essential for health professionals responsible for collecting routine data.
Raised levels of immunoglobulin G, A and M are associated with an increased risk of total and cause-specific mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study
Authors: Phillips Anna C , Carroll Douglas , Drayson Mark T , Batty G David 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundImmunoglobulins (Ig) are essential for combating infectious disease. However, high levels are associated with a range of diseases and/or poor health behaviours, such as autoimmune diseases, chronic infection, HIV and excessive alcohol consumption. In the present analyses, we extend this body of work by examining whether higher levels of serum Ig G, A and M are associated with increased mortality risk.MethodsParticipants were 4255 Vietnam-era, former US army personnel (the Vietnam Experience Study). From military service files, telephone interviews in 1983 and a medical examination in 1986, sociodemographic, and health data were collected. Contemporary morning fasted blood samples were taken from which IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were determined. Mortality surveillance over 15 years gave rise to deaths ascribed to all-causes, cardiovascular disease mortality, all cancers combined mortality, external cause and ‘other’ causes (predominantly comprising deaths due to infectious disease). Cox proportional hazard models were utilised to compute HRs per SD increase in Ig which were first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusting for a range of candidate confounders.ResultsIn multiply adjusted analyses, in general, the higher the immunoglobulin concentration, the greater the risk of death. Thus, IgA (HR=2.0 95% CI 1.47 to 2.73), IgM (HR=1.5 95% CI 1.11 to 1.91) and IgG (HR=5.8 95% CI 3.38 to 9.95) were positively related to all-cause mortality. Corresponding results for ‘other’ causes of mortality were 4.7 (2.64 to 8.19), 3.5 (2.29 to 5.45) and 33.4 (15.13 to 73.64).ConclusionsIn the present study, high levels of Ig are associated with an elevated risk of death from total and ‘other’ causes, mainly infectious disease. High levels of Ig, particularly IgG, may signal subclinical disease.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Preserved or Mildly Reduced Left Ventricular Function at Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Crawford Thomas , Mueller Gisela , Sarsam Sinan , Prasitdumrong Hutsaya , Chaiyen Naiyanet , Gu Xiaokui , Schuller Joseph , Kron Jordana , Nour Khaled A. , Cheng Alan , Ji Sang Yong , Feinstein Shawn , Gupta Sanjaya , Ilg Karl , Sinno Mohamad , Abu-Hashish Saddam , Al-Mallah Mouaz , Sauer William H. , Ellenbogen Kenneth , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: September 2014

Background—
The purpose of this study was to assess whether delayed enhancement (DE) on MRI is associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation or death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and left ventricular ejection fraction >35%.

Methods and Results—

Fifty-one patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and left ventricular ejection fraction >35% underwent DE-MRI. DE was assessed by visual scoring and quantified with the full-width at half-maximum method. The patients were followed for 48.0±20.2 months. Twenty-two of 51 patients (63%) had DE. Forty patients had no prior history of VT (primary prevention cohort). Among those, 3 patients developed VT and 2 patients died. DE was associated with risk of VT/ventricular fibrillation or death (
P
=0.0032 for any DE and
P
<0.0001 for right ventricular DE). The positive predictive values of the presence of any DE, multifocal DE, and right ventricular DE for death or VT/ventricular fibrillation at mean follow-up of 48 months were 22%, 48%, and 100%, respectively. Among the 11 patients with a history of VT before the MRI, 10 patients had subsequent VTs, 1 of whom died.

Conclusions—
RV DE in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis is associated with a risk of adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and preserved ejection fraction in the absence of a prior history of VT. Patients with DE and a prior history of VT have a high VT recurrence rate. Patients without DE on MRI have a low risk of VT.
Can preference for crabs in juvenile Octopus maya be modified through early experience with alternative prey?
Authors: Portela Esther , Simões Nuno , Rosas Carlos , Mascaró Maite 
Published: September 2014

Previous studies on cephalopod feeding have suggested that predetermined preference for certain prey types can be modified by exposing newly hatched individuals to visual or chemical stimuli (imprinting), or by familiarizing them to feed on prey different from those preferred (associative learning). The aim of our study was to determine whether preference to attack crabs in Octopus maya could be modified by early experience with or without food reinforcement using palaemonid shrimp, a prey octopuses consume readily, but will reject if crabs are available. We conducted experiments on the attack response of juvenile octopuses that had been either exposed to (visual and chemical stimuli for at least 48 h before and after hatching) or had fed only on palaemonids (16 days after hatching). Octopuses were then presented with crabs and palaemonids simultaneously and attacks on either prey were recorded. Control treatments, where octopuses had to choose between two similar alternatives (no choice) were included in order to discriminate between active and passive selection. Results were analysed by means of asymmetrical contingency tables. Both, octopuses that had only been exposed to stimuli from palaemonids and those that fed on shrimp, selectively attacked crabs when first presented with both alternative prey ( and , respectively; both ). These results indicate that preference for crabs in early juvenile O. maya could not be modified through experience with other prey. Because octopuses had never been in contact with crabs prior to trials, such preference was not obtained through their short life experience but could be pre-determined.
Modeling Regional-Scale Wildland Fire Emissions with the Wildland Fire Emissions Information System*
Authors: French Nancy H. F. , McKenzie Donald , Erickson Tyler , Koziol Benjamin , Billmire Michael , Endsley K. Arthur , Yager Scheinerman Naomi K. , Jenkins Liza , Miller Mary Ellen , Ottmar Roger , Prichard Susan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
As carbon modeling tools become more comprehensive, spatial data are needed to improve quantitative maps of carbon emissions from fire. The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) provides mapped estimates of carbon emissions from historical forest fires in the United States through a web browser. WFEIS improves access to data and provides a consistent approach to estimating emissions at landscape, regional, and continental scales. The system taps into data and tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service to describe fuels, fuel loadings, and fuel consumption and merges information from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration on fire location and timing. Currently, WFEIS provides web access to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area for North America and U.S. fire-perimeter maps from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity products from the USGS, overlays them on 1-km fuel maps for the United States, and calculates fuel consumption and emissions with an open-source version of the Consume model. Mapped fuel moisture is derived from daily meteorological data from remote automated weather stations. In addition to tabular output results, WFEIS produces multiple vector and raster formats. This paper provides an overview of the WFEIS system, including the web-based system functionality and datasets used for emissions estimates. WFEIS operates on the web and is built using open-source software components that work with open international standards such as keyhole markup language (KML). Examples of emissions outputs from WFEIS are presented showing that the system provides results that vary widely across the many ecosystems of North America and are consistent with previous emissions modeling estimates and products.
Variability of Natural Dust Erosion from a Coal Pile
Authors: Mueller Stephen F. , Mallard Jonathan W. , Mao Qi , Shaw Stephanie L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA study of fugitive dust emissions from a pile of crushed coal revealed that, in addition to dust being emitted into the atmosphere during periods of pile-management (human) activity, it is also emitted during periods without human activity. This “natural” emission in itself is not surprising given past work on wind erosion of particulate matter from aggregate piles. However, hourly downwind measurements of fine particle (PM10) mass concentrations at two sites revealed that excessive dust was present in the air even when wind speeds were below the erosion threshold estimated from nearby wind speed measurements and regulatory guidance on coal pile aerodynamic characteristics. During periods of natural emissions with higher wind speeds, downwind concentrations were strongly associated with µ2—the squared excess of 1-min maximum wind speed above the erosion threshold—consistent with previous work on wind erosion potential. However, 88% of hourly concentrations coincided with lower winds for which wind speed was not a good predictor of airborne dust levels. Evidence was found that natural low-wind PM10 concentrations varied significantly with relative humidity, air temperature, and turbulence parameters (σu and σw). Smoke from coal combustion was ruled out as a significant factor in PM10 levels, but statistical evidence along with visual observation suggests that microscale turbulent airflows, including dust devils, were a significant source of PM10 during low wind speeds over the pile. The localized behavior of the turbulence makes it very difficult to develop a strong statistical model of natural downwind concentrations on the basis of off-pile meteorological measurements.
The Representation of Atmospheric Blocking and the Associated Low-Frequency Variability in Two Seasonal Prediction Systems
Authors: Athanasiadis Panos J. , Bellucci Alessio , Hermanson Leon , Scaife Adam A. , MacLachlan Craig , Arribas Alberto , Materia Stefano , Borrelli Andrea , Gualdi Silvio 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Primarily as a response to boundary forcings, certain components of the atmospheric intraseasonal variability are potentially predictable. Particularly referring to the extratropics, the current generation of seasonal forecasting systems is making advancements in predicting these components by realistically initializing many components of the climate system, using higher resolution and utilizing large ensemble sizes.
The operational seasonal prediction system of the Met Office (UKMO) and the corresponding system of the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) are analyzed in terms of their representation of different aspects of extratropical low-frequency variability. The UKMO system achieves unprecedented high scores in predicting the winter mean phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO; correlation 0.62) and the Pacific–North American pattern (PNA; correlation 0.82). The CMCC system, despite its smaller ensemble size and coarser resolution, also exhibits significant skill (0.42 for NAO, 0.51 for PNA). Low-frequency variability is underrepresented in both models, particularly in the eastern North Atlantic. Consequently, their intrinsic variability patterns (sectoral EOFs) are somewhat different from the observed patterns.
Regarding the representation of wintertime Northern Hemisphere blocking, after bias correction both systems exhibit a realistic climatology of blocking frequency. In this assessment, instantaneous blocking and large-scale persistent blocking events are identified using daily geopotential height fields at 500 hPa. The blocking signature on the circulation and the dependence of blocking frequency on the NAO are also quite realistic for both systems. Finally, the Met Office system exhibits significant skill in predicting the winter mean frequency of blocking that relates to the NAO.
Systemic levels of the endothelium-derived soluble adhesion molecules endocan and E-selectin in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Mosevoll Knut Anders , Lindås Roald , Wendelbo Øystein , Bruserud Øystein , Reikvam Håkon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe initial evaluation of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis includes the use of biomarkers reflecting activation of the coagulation system. However, the thromboembolic process and neighboring inflammatory responses also affect endothelial cells, and endothelial cell markers may therefore be altered by the disease. In the present population-based single-center study, we investigated the plasma levels of the endothelium-specific biomarkers soluble E-selectin and endocan in a consecutive and unselected group of 120 patients admitted to hospital for suspected deep vein thrombosis. Blood samples were collected when patients arrived at the hospital. DVT patients showed evidence for an acute phase reaction with increased serum C-reactive protein levels, but this was similar to many other patients admitted with suspected but not verified thrombosis. Plasma endocan and E-selectin levels did not differ between patients with thrombosis, healthy controls and the patients without verified thrombosis (i.e. patients with other causes of their symptoms, including various inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions). However, the combined use of endothelial biomarkers, C-reactive protein and D-dimer could be used to identify patient subsets with different frequencies of venous thrombosis. Thus, analysis of plasma biomarker profiles including endothelial cell markers may be helpful in the initial evaluation of patients with deep vein thrombosis.
Chiropractic treatment approaches for spinal musculoskeletal conditions: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Clijsters Mattijs , Fronzoni Francesco , Jenkins Hazel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
There are several chiropractic spinal manipulative technique systems. However, there is limited research differentiating the efficacy of these techniques. Additionally, chiropractors may also use ancillary procedures in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, a variable that also needs to be considered when measuring the efficacy of chiropractic therapy. No data is currently available regarding the frequency of usage of chiropractic technique systems or ancillary procedures for the treatment of specific musculoskeletal conditions. Knowing which technique systems and ancillary procedures are used most frequently may help to direct future research. The aim of this research was to provide insight into which treatment approaches are used most frequently by Australian chiropractors to treat spinal musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey design. The survey was sent online to the members of the two main Australian chiropractic associations between 30th June 2013 and 7th August 2013. The participants were asked to provide information on treatment choices for specific spinal musculoskeletal conditions.

Results
280 respondents. Diversified manipulative technique was the first choice of treatment for most of the included conditions. Diversified was used significantly less in 4 conditions; cervical disc syndrome with radiculopathy and cervical central stenosis were more likely to be treated with Activator; flexion distraction technique was used almost as much as Diversified in the treatment of lumbar disc syndrome with radiculopathy and lumbar central stenosis. More experienced Australian chiropractors use more Activator and soft tissue therapy and less Diversified technique compared to their less experienced peers. The majority of responding chiropractors used ancillary procedures such as soft tissue techniques and exercise prescription in the treatment of spinal musculoskeletal conditions.

Conclusion
This survey provides information on commonly used treatment choices to the chiropractic profession. Treatment choices changed based on the region of disorder and whether neurological symptoms were present rather than with specific diagnoses. Diversified technique was the most commonly used spinal manipulative therapy, however, ancillary procedures such as soft tissue techniques and exercise prescription were also commonly utilised. This information may help direct future studies into the efficacy of chiropractic treatment for spinal musculoskeletal disorders.
Phase I/II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Bendell Johanna , Saleh Mansoor , Rose April A.N. , Siegel Peter M. , Hart Lowell , Sirpal Surendra , Jones Suzanne , Green Jennifer , Crowley Elizabeth , Simantov Ronit , Keler Tibor , Davis Thomas , Vahdat Linda 
Published: September 2014

Purpose Glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB), a novel transmembrane protein overexpressed in 40% to 60% of breast cancers, promotes metastases in animal models and is a prognostic marker of a poor outcome in patients. The antibody-drug conjugate glembatumumab vedotin consists of a fully human anti-gpNMB monoclonal antibody, conjugated via a cleavable linker to monomethyl auristatin E. Glembatumumab vedotin is generally well tolerated, with observed objective responses in advanced melanoma. This is, to our knowledge, the first study of glembatumumab vedotin in breast cancer. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had advanced/metastatic breast cancer with at least two prior chemotherapy regimens, including taxane, anthracycline, and capecitabine. A standard 3+3 dose escalation was followed by a phase II expansion. Immunohistochemistry for gpNMB was performed retrospectively for patients with available tumor tissue. Results Forty-two patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) consisted of worsening neuropathy at 1.34 mg/kg. After excluding patients with baseline neuropathy more than grade 1, no DLT occurred through 1.88 mg/kg (the phase II dose). The phase II primary activity end point was met (12-week progression-free survival [PFS12] = 9 of 27 patients; 33%). Sixteen of 19 (84%) patients tested had gpNMB-positive tumors. At the phase II dose, median PFS was 9.1 weeks for all patients, 17.9 weeks for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and 18.0 weeks for patients with gpNMB-positive tumors. Two patients had confirmed partial responses; both had gpNMB-positive tumors and one had TNBC. Conclusion Glembatumumab vedotin has an acceptable safety profile. Preliminary evidence of activity in treatment-resistant metastatic breast cancer requires confirmation, such as the phase II randomized trial (EMERGE) that also examines the relationship between activity and gpNMB distribution/intensity.
Phase I/II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Ott Patrick A. , Hamid Omid , Pavlick Anna C. , Kluger Harriet , Kim Kevin B. , Boasberg Peter D. , Simantov Ronit , Crowley Elizabeth , Green Jennifer A. , Hawthorne Thomas , Davis Thomas A. , Sznol Mario , Hwu Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The antibody-drug conjugate glembatumumab vedotin links a fully human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody against the melanoma-related glycoprotein NMB (gpNMB) to the potent cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E. This study evaluated the safety and activity of glembatumumab vedotin in patients with advanced melanoma. Patients and Methods Patients received glembatumumab vedotin every 3 weeks (schedule 1) in a dose escalation and phase II expansion at the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). Dosing during 2 of 3 weeks (schedule 2) and weekly (schedule 3) was also assessed. The primary end points were safety and pharmacokinetics. The secondary end points included antitumor activity, gpNMB expression, and immunogenicity. Results One hundred seventeen patients were treated using schedule 1 (n = 79), schedule 2 (n = 15), or schedule 3 (n = 23). The MTDs were 1.88, 1.5, and 1.0 mg/kg for schedules 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities that occurred in two or more patients included rash, neutropenia, fatigue, neuropathy, arthralgia, myalgia, and diarrhea. Three treatment-related deaths (resulting from pneumococcal sepsis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and renal failure) occurred at doses exceeding the MTDs. In the schedule 1 phase II expansion cohort (n = 34), five patients (15%) had a partial response and eight patients (24%) had stable disease for ≥ 6 months. The objective response rate (ORR) was 2 of 6 (33%) for the schedule 2 MTD and 3 of 12 (25%) for the schedule 3 MTD. Rash was correlated with a greater ORR and improved progression-free survival. Conclusion Glembatumumab vedotin is active in advanced melanoma. The schedule 1 MTD (1.88 mg/kg once every 3 weeks) was associated with a promising ORR and was generally well tolerated. More frequent dosing was potentially associated with a greater ORR but increased toxicity.