bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Supplemental Augmentative and Alternative Communication versus Voice Rest Alone after Phonomicrosurgery
Authors: Rousseau Bernard , Gutmann Michelle L. , Mau Theodore , Francis David O. , Johnson Jeffrey P. , Novaleski Carolyn K. , Vinson Kimberly N. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThis randomized trial investigated voice rest and supplemental text‐to‐speech communication versus voice rest alone on visual analog scale measures of communication effectiveness and magnitude of voice use.Study DesignRandomized clinical trial.SettingMulticenter outpatient voice clinics.SubjectsThirty‐seven patients undergoing phonomicrosurgery.MethodsPatients undergoing phonomicrosurgery were randomized to voice rest and supplemental text‐to‐speech communication or voice rest alone. The primary outcome measure was the impact of voice rest on ability to communicate effectively over a 7‐day period. Pre‐ and postoperative magnitude of voice use was also measured as an observational outcome.ResultsPatients randomized to voice rest and supplemental text‐to‐speech communication reported higher median communication effectiveness on each postoperative day compared to those randomized to voice rest alone, with significantly higher median communication effectiveness on postoperative days 3 (P =. 03) and 5 (P =. 01). Magnitude of voice use did not differ on any preoperative (P >. 05) or postoperative day (P >. 05), nor did patients significantly decrease voice use as the surgery date approached (P >. 05). However, there was a significant reduction in median voice use pre‐ to postoperatively across patients (P <. 001) with median voice use ranging from 0 to 3 throughout the postoperative week.ConclusionSupplemental text‐to‐speech communication increased patient‐perceived communication effectiveness on postoperative days 3 and 5 over voice rest alone. With the prevalence of smartphones and the widespread use of text messaging, supplemental text‐to‐speech communication may provide an accessible and cost‐effective communication option for patients on vocal restrictions.
Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty
Authors: Randrup Thomas Skov , Ovesen Therese 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta‐analysis of the evidence on balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) as a treatment modality for Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). We followed the PRISMA guideline and registered with PROSPERO No. CRD42014009461.Data SourcesWe searched 12 databases including PubMed and Embase from January 1, 2010, to April 7, 2014, for studies of BET. Endpoints: change in symptoms, middle ear pathology, eardrum status, Eustachian tube function tests, hearing, adverse events, complications, and health‐related quality of life.Review MethodsStudy quality was assessed using the modified Delphi technique quality appraisal tool for case series studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias.ResultsNine case series studies with 443 patients (642 tubes) were included. Population size n = 4 (7 tubes) to n = 210 (320 tubes). All studies were of poor quality and featured a high risk of bias. We found reduction of patient symptoms in ETD questionnaire (P <. 001), postoperative normalization of the tympanic membrane, conversion of type B or type C into type A tympanograms, reduced mucosal inflammation, increased number of positive Valsalva test and Swallowing tests, improvement in Eustachian tube score, reduction in Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)‐22 score (P =. 001), and increased quality of life (P =. 001). No serious adverse events were found.ConclusionThe evidence of BET is poor and biased. No firm conclusions can be made to identify patients who will benefit from the procedure or to accurately predict surgical results. Randomized controlled trials or case‐control trials are needed.
Proximal Phalanx and Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Biomechanics in Flexor to Extensor Tendon Transfer
Authors: DiPaolo Zachary J. , Ross Matthew S. , Laughlin Richard T. , Gould Greg , Flower Katie , Kiger Lorrie , Markert Ronald J. 
Published: January 2015

Background: The flexor to extensor transfer of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon has been a relatively common operative procedure for the treatment of a flexible hammer toe deformity and chronic metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint dislocation. A possible complication of using the tunnel technique rather than the tendon splitting technique is iatrogenic fracture through the drilled tunnel site. The purpose of this investigation was to study the FDL tendon and proximal phalanx dimensions in the area of the transfer procedure in order to improve preoperative planning and minimize postoperative complications. Additionally, this study investigated the force necessary to create a fracture in a predrilled proximal phalanx and attempted to elucidate a relationship between that force and the percentage of bone remaining after the drilling process. Methods: The proximal phalanx and FDL tendon of the second, third, and fourth toes from both the right and the left foot of 14 fresh frozen cadavers were dissected, and the digit was amputated at the MTP joint. A total of 84 toes (42 right, 42 left) were obtained from 14 cadavers. The diameter of the FDL tendon was measured, and the circumference and volume were calculated. Fourteen proximal phalanges of either the right or the left foot were then drilled with a 3.5-mm drill, as is often done in a tendon transfer procedure. The 14 nondrilled bones from the contralateral foot were used as matched controls. Radiographs were then taken of the proximal phalanges, and the dimensions of the drill tunnel and remaining bone were calculated. These measurements were used to calculate the volume of the bone, the volume of the drill tunnel, and the percentage of bone remaining after the drilling process. The bones were then tested for load-to-failure using a biomechanical loading apparatus. Results: The average bone and tendon diameter measurements showed a gradual decrease in size from the second to the fourth digits. The bone removed by drilling the tunnel accounted for approximately 20% to 30% of the total volume of bone. Half of the bones fractured with forces between 100 and 200 N, and the majority of bones with a diameter of less than 6 mm fractured with a force of less than 100 N. Conclusions: The average proximal phalanx and FDL tendon size both showed an overall decrease from the second to the fourth digit, albeit not symmetrically. The proximal phalanx diameter appeared to be the most important factor in determining the strength of the structure. Clinical Relevance: Iatrogenic fracture may occur in proximal phalanges with a diameter of bone less than 6 mm, as there may not be adequate bone strength remaining to withstand postoperative forces.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardium Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase 1 Expression
Authors: Yin Xuesong , Wang Xiaofeng , Fan Zhixin , Peng Chenghai , Ren Zhongqiao , Huang Le , Liu Zhuang , Zhao Kan 
Published: January 2015

Background: With the rise of the burden of ischemic heart disease, both clinical and economic evidence show a desperate need to protect the heart against myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury-related complications following cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is no effective intervention for myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury as yet. Methods: We pretreated mice with 4 daily 2.0 absolute atmosphere (ATA) hyperbaric oxygen, then observed its effects on heart function parameters and infarct size following in situ ischemia-reperfusion. Multiple oxidative and inflammation products were measured in the myocardium. Next, we investigated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) pathway, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the presence of myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury, hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, and their inhibitors and their effects on heart function parameters. Results: Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning ameliorated the cardiac function and histological alterations induced by myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury, decreased oxidative products and proinflammatory cytokine. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning increased expression of HO-1, which was suppressed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Nrf2 knockout, and Akt inhibitor triciribine. The expression of Nrf2 was enhanced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, but decreased by LY294002 and triciribine. The Akt was also activated by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning but suppressed by LY294002. The hemodynamic assays showed that cardiac function was suppressed by LY294002, Nrf2 knockout, and triciribine. Conclusion: These data present a novel signaling mechanism by which hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning protects myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defensive system.
Simian immunodeficiency virus infection and immune responses in the pig-tailed macaque testis
Authors: Winnall Wendy R , Lloyd Sarah B , De Rose Robert , Alcantara Sheilajen , Amarasena Thakshila H , Hedger Mark P , Girling Jane E , Kent Stephen J 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The testis is a site of immune privilege in rodents, and there is evidence that T cell responses are also suppressed in the primate testis. Local immunosuppression is a potential mechanism for HIV persistence in tissue reservoirs that few studies have examined. The response of the pig-tailed macaque testis to SIVmac239 infection was characterized to test this possibility. Testes were surgically removed during early-chronic (10 wk) and late-chronic (24–30 wk) SIV infection in 4 animals and compared with those from 7 uninfected animals. SIV infection caused only minor disruption to the seminiferous epithelium without marked evidence of inflammation or consistent changes in total intratesticular leukocyte numbers. Infection also led to an increase in the relative proportion of testicular effector memory CD8+ T cell numbers and a corresponding reduction in central memory CD4+ T cells. A decrease in the relative proportion of resident-type CD163+ macrophages and DCs was also observed. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells were detectable in the testis, 10–11 wk after infection by staining with SIV Gag-specific or Tat-specific MHC-I tetramers. However, testicular CD8+ T cells from the infected animals had suppressed cytokine responses to mitogen activation. These results support the possibility that local immunosuppression in the testis may be restricting the ability of T cells to respond to SIV or HIV infection. Local immunosuppression in the testis may be an underexplored mechanism allowing HIV persistence.
RTOG 9804: A Prospective Randomized Trial for Good-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Comparing Radiotherapy With Observation
Authors: McCormick Beryl , Winter Kathryn , Hudis Clifford , Kuerer Henry Mark , Rakovitch Eileen , Smith Barbara L. , Sneige Nour , Moughan Jennifer , Shah Amit , Germain Isabelle , Hartford Alan C. , Rashtian Afshin , Walker Eleanor M. , Yuen Albert , Strom Eric A. , Wilcox Jeannette L. , Vallow Laura A. , Small William , Pu Anthony T. , Kerlin Kevin , White Julia 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9804 study identified good-risk patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a breast cancer diagnosis found frequently in mammographically detected cancers, to test the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery compared with observation. Patients and Methods This prospective randomized trial (1998 to 2006) in women with mammographically detected low- or intermediate-grade DCIS, measuring less than 2.5 cm with margins ≥ 3 mm, compared RT with observation after surgery. The study was designed for 1,790 patients but was closed early because of lower than projected accrual. Six hundred thirty-six patients from the United States and Canada were entered; tamoxifen use (62%) was optional. Ipsilateral local failure (LF) was the primary end point; LF and contralateral failure were estimated using cumulative incidence, and overall and disease-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Median follow-up time was 7.17 years (range, 0.01 to 11.33 years). Two LFs occurred in the RT arm, and 19 occurred in the observation arm. At 7 years, the LF rate was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.0% to 2.2%) in the RT arm versus 6.7% (95% CI, 3.2% to 9.6%) in the observation arm (hazard ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.47; P < .001). Grade 1 to 2 acute toxicities occurred in 30% and 76% of patients in the observation and RT arms, respectively; grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred in 4.0% and 4.2% of patients, respectively. Late RT toxicity was grade 1 in 30%, grade 2 in 4.6%, and grade 3 in 0.7% of patients. Conclusion In this good-risk subset of patients with DCIS, with a median follow-up of 7 years, the LF rate was low with observation but was decreased significantly with the addition of RT. Longer follow-up is planned because the timeline for LF in this setting seems protracted.
Large Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy As a Predictor of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Disseminated Germ Cell Tumors Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Srikanthan Amirrtha , Tran Ben , Beausoleil Michel , Jewett Michael A.S. , Hamilton Robert J. , Sturgeon Jeremy F.G. , O'Malley Martin , Anson-Cartwright Lynn , Chung Peter W.M. , Warde Padraig R. , Winquist Eric , Moore Malcolm J. , Amir Eitan , Bedard Philippe L. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Cisplatin-based chemotherapy, a mainstay of treatment for disseminated germ cell tumors (GCTs), is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Many patients with disseminated GCTs have large retroperitoneal lymph node (RPLN) metastases that may cause venous stasis and increase the risk of VTE development. We hypothesized that there was an association between large RPLN and chemotherapy-associated VTE risk. Patients and Methods The training cohort was composed of patients with disseminated GCT receiving first-line chemotherapy at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between January 2000 and December 2010. Large RPLN was defined as more than 5 cm in maximal axial diameter. The predictive and discriminatory accuracies of a model using large RPLN in predicting VTE were compared with high-risk Khorana score (≥ 3) using logistic regression and area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROCs). The model was externally validated in a cohort of patients treated at the London Health Sciences Centre. Results The training cohort comprised 216 patients, 21 (10%) of whom developed VTE during chemotherapy. VTE was associated with large RPLN (odds ratio [OR], 5.26; P = .001), high-risk Khorana score (OR, 11.8; P < .001), intermediate-/poor-risk disease (OR, 3.76; P = .005), and hospitalization during chemotherapy (OR, 4.24; P = .002). Large RPLN showed higher discriminatory accuracy than high-risk Khorana score (AUROC, 0.71 v 0.67, respectively). Superior discriminatory accuracy of large RPLN over high-risk Khorana score was validated in the London cohort (AUROC, 0.61 v 0.57, respectively). Conclusion Large RPLN is associated with VTE in patients with disseminated GCT and provides higher discriminatory accuracy than high-risk Khorana score. Results should be validated in larger, prospective studies. Prophylactic anticoagulation may be considered in high-risk patients.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update 2014
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Bohlke Kari , Khorana Alok A. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Lee Agnes Y. , Arcelus Juan Ignacio , Balaban Edward P. , Clarke Jeffrey M. , Flowers Christopher R. , Francis Charles W. , Gates Leigh E. , Kakkar Ajay K. , Key Nigel S. , Levine Mark N. , Liebman Howard A. , Tempero Margaret A. , Wong Sandra L. , Somerfield Mark R. , Falanga Anna 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To provide current recommendations about the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. Methods PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines from November 2012 through July 2014. An update committee reviewed the identified abstracts. Results Of the 53 publications identified and reviewed, none prompted a change in the 2013 recommendations. Recommendations Most hospitalized patients with active cancer require thromboprophylaxis throughout hospitalization. Routine thromboprophylaxis is not recommended for patients with cancer in the outpatient setting. It may be considered for selected high-risk patients. Patients with multiple myeloma receiving antiangiogenesis agents with chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone should receive prophylaxis with either low–molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or low-dose aspirin. Patients undergoing major surgery should receive prophylaxis starting before surgery and continuing for at least 7 to 10 days. Extending prophylaxis up to 4 weeks should be considered in those undergoing major abdominal or pelvic surgery with high-risk features. LMWH is recommended for the initial 5 to 10 days of treatment for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as for long-term secondary prophylaxis (at least 6 months). Use of novel oral anticoagulants is not currently recommended for patients with malignancy and VTE because of limited data in patients with cancer. Anticoagulation should not be used to extend survival of patients with cancer in the absence of other indications. Patients with cancer should be periodically assessed for VTE risk. Oncology professionals should educate patients about the signs and symptoms of VTE.
Ammonia Synthesis Using Ti and Nb Nitride Nanoparticles Prepared by Mesoporous Graphitic C3N4
Authors: Kumagai Hiromu , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
TiN and NbN nanoparticles were synthesized from mesoporous graphitic C3N4 (mpg-C3N4) as a reactive template and used as the catalyst for ammonia synthesis. The obtained TiN and NbN nanoparticles possess high surface areas of 299 and 275 m2 g−1, respectively, making them attractive for use in catalysis and support. Although most of the TiN and NbN particles show no measurable activity for ammonia formation, the nanoparticles enabled an ammonia synthesis rate of 31 µmol h−1 g-cat−1 at 673 K and 0.1 MPa of synthesis gas (N2 + 3H2) for both TiN and NbN catalysts. It is evident that the formation of nanoparticles with high nitride surface area is essential for the materials to function as catalysts in ammonia synthesis. The addition of Fe to TiN enhanced the ammonia synthesis activity, whereas it had detrimental effects on the catalytic activity of NbN. The properties of these catalysts in ammonia synthesis are discussed.
Total Syntheses of (±)-Gephyrotoxin and (±)-Perhydrogephyrotoxin
Authors: Shirokane Kenji , Tanaka Yuya , Yoritate Makoto , Takayama Nobuaki , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article describes the full details of our total syntheses of gephyrotoxin and perhydrogephyrotoxin. Our central strategy toward the total synthesis is based on the use of an N-methoxy group as a reactivity control element. The N-methoxyamide group enabled unique transformations, involving i) the direct coupling reaction of the N-methoxyamide with an aldehyde, and ii) the amide-selective reductive allylation. These reactions were never accomplished without the assistance of the N-methoxy group. The amide-selective reductive allylation of the N-methoxyamide was especially practical, and excluded a number of extra steps including protecting group manipulations and redox reactions in the total syntheses.
Nachrichtenmedien im digitalen Wandel
Authors: Hagenah Ulrich 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Für die IFLA Newspapers Section (künftig: News Media Section) hat sich mit der Retrodigitalisierung und der Entwicklung neuer digitaler Nachrichtenmedien das thematische Spektrum erheblich ausgeweitet. Fachtagungen 2014 behandelten u. a. digitale Pflichtexemplarsammlungen und neue Aufgaben der Bibliotheken bei Nachrichtenmedien, die Digitalisierung von Zeitungen, insbesondere das Europeana Newspapers Project, Nutzungsszenarien und Aktivitäten von Bibliotheken für attraktive, nutzerfreundliche Zugänge zu historischem Zeitungsmaterial. U. a. werden OCR-Verbesserung, Named Entity Recognition und automatisierte Linking-Verfahren als Wege zur Recherche-Optimierung für Zeitungen behandelt.
Complexity issues for the symmetric interval eigenvalue problem
Authors: Hladík Milan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We study the problem of computing the maximal and minimal possible eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix
when the matrix entries vary within compact intervals. In particular, we focus on computational complexity of
determining these extremal eigenvalues with some approximation error. Besides the classical absolute and relative
approximation errors, which turn out not to be suitable for this problem, we adapt a less known one related to
the relative error, and also propose a novel approximation error. We show in which error factors the problem is
polynomially solvable and in which factors it becomes NP-hard.
Vietoris topology on spaces dominated
by second countable ones
Authors: Islas Carlos , Jardon Daniel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
For a given space X let C(X) be the family of all compact subsets of X. A space X is dominated by a space
M if X has an M-ordered compact cover, this means that there exists a family F = {FK : K ∈ C(M)} ⊂ C(X)
such that ∪ F = X and K ⊂ L implies that FK ⊂ FL for any K;L ∈ C(M). A space X is strongly dominated
by a space M if there exists an M-ordered compact cover F such that for any compact K ⊂ X there is F ∈ F
such that K ⊂ F . Let K(X) D C(X)\{Ø} be the set of all nonempty compact subsets of a space X endowed with
the Vietoris topology. We prove that a space X is strongly dominated by a space M if and only if K(X) is strongly
dominated by M and an example is given of a σ-compact space X such that K(X) is not Lindelöf. It is stablished
that if the weight of a scattered compact space X is not less than c, then the spaces Cp(K(X)) and K(Cp(X)) are
not Lindelöf Σ. We show that if X is the one-point compactification of a discrete space, then the hyperspace K(X)
is semi-Eberlein compact.
Reporting for China: Cosmopolitan Attitudes and the “Chinese Perspective” among Chinese Correspondents Abroad
Authors: Nyíri Pál 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Western scholars’ and policy analysts’ attention to the expansion of China’s media abroad has focused on the state’s strategy of soft power behind the global spread of institutions such as Xinhua and China Central Television, on the propagandistic image of China that these institutions seek to project in their foreign-language programming, and on the potential damage to media freedom in Africa and elsewhere. No attention has been paid to the reverse: how the emergence of a global network of Chinese correspondents impacts dominant Chinese views of the world and China’s place in it. The ethnographic research project on which this article is based reverses this lens, seeking to understand how Chinese journalists who report for PRC media from abroad see their work, what stories about the world they want to tell Chinese audiences about the world and how their choices are shaped by state policies, institutional pressures and individual preferences. Its preliminary conclusion is that while the lifestyles of the new generation of correspondents are increasingly cosmopolitan, this does not necessarily translate into more innovative or reflexive reporting.