bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of muscimol and ibotenic acid in mushrooms of Amanitaceae by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Poliwoda Anna , Zielińska Katarzyna , Halama Marek , Wieczorek Piotr P. 
Published: July 2014

In this study, the CZE method for rapid quantitative and qualitative determination of ibotenic acid and muscimol in Amanita mushrooms naturally grown in Poland was developed. The investigations included the species of A. muscaria, A. pantherina, and A. citrina, collected in southern region of Poland. The studied hallucinogenic compounds were effectively extracted with a mixture of methanol and 1 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 3 (1:1 v/v) using ultrasound‐assisted procedure. The obtained extracts were separated and determined by CZE utilizing a 25 mM sodium phosphate running buffer adjusted to pH 3 with 5% content of acetonitrile v/v. The calibration curves for both analytes were linear in the range of 2.5–7000 μg/mL. The intraday and interday variations of quantitative data were 1.0 and 2.5% RSD, respectively. The recovery values of analyzed compounds were over 87%. The identities of ibotenic acid and muscimol were confirmed by UV spectra, migration time, and measurements after addition of external standard.
The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: monthly temperature data release description and methods
Authors: Rennie J. J. , Lawrimore J. H. , Gleason B. E. , Thorne P. W. , Morice C. P. , Menne M. J. , Williams C. N. , de Almeida W. Gambi , Christy J.R. , Flannery M. , Ishihara M. , Kamiguchi K. , Klein‐Tank A. M. G. , Mhanda A. , Lister D. H. , Razuvaev V. , Renom M. , Rusticucci M. , Tandy J. , Worley S. J. , Venema V. , Angel W. , Brunet M. , Dattore B. , Diamond H. , Lazzara M. A. , Le Blancq F. , Luterbacher J. , Mächel H. , Revadekar J. , Vose R. S. , Yin X. 
Published: July 2014

Described herein is the first version release of monthly temperature holdings of a new Global Land Surface Meteorological Databank. Organized under the auspices of the International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI), an international group of scientists have spent three years collating and merging data from numerous sources to create a merged holding. This release in its recommended form consists of over 30 000 individual station records, some of which extend over the past 300 years. This article describes the sources, the chosen merge methodology, and the resulting databank characteristics. Several variants of the databank have also been released that reflect the structural uncertainty in merging datasets. Variants differ in, for example, the order in which sources are considered and the degree of congruence required in station geolocation for consideration as a merged or unique record. Also described is a version control protocol that will be applied in the event of updates. Future updates are envisaged with the addition of new data sources, and with changes in processing, where public feedback is always welcomed. Major updates, when necessary, will always be accompanied by a new journal paper. This databank release forms the foundation for the construction of new global land surface air temperature analyses by the global research community and their assessment by the ISTI's benchmarking and assessment working group.
The role of testosterone and estradiol in brain volume changes across adolescence: A longitudinal structural MRI study
Authors: Herting Megan M. , Gautam Prapti , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Kan Eric , Dahl Ronald E. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt has been postulated that pubertal hormones may drive some neuroanatomical changes during adolescence, and may do so differently in girls and boys. Here, we use growth curve modeling to directly assess how sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)] relate to changes in subcortical brain volumes utilizing a longitudinal design. 126 adolescents (63 girls), ages 10 to 14, were imaged and restudied ∼2 years later. We show, for the first time, that best‐fit growth models are distinctly different when using hormones as compared to a physical proxy of pubertal maturation (Tanner Stage) or age, to predict brain development. Like Tanner Stage, T and E2 predicted white matter and right amygdala growth across adolescence in both sexes, independent of age. Tanner Stage also explained decreases in both gray matter and caudate volumes, whereas E2 explained only gray matter decreases and T explained only caudate volume decreases. No pubertal measures were related to hippocampus development. Although specificity was seen, sex hormones had strikingly similar relationships with white matter, gray matter, right amygdala, and bilateral caudate volumes, with larger changes in brain volume seen at early pubertal maturation (as indexed by lower hormone levels), followed by less robust, or even reversals in growth, by late puberty. These novel longitudinal findings on the relationship between hormones and brain volume change represent crucial first steps toward understanding which aspects of puberty influence neurodevelopment. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5633–5645, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PTU‐induced hypothyroidism in rats leads to several early neuropathological signs of Alzheimer's disease in the hippocampus and spatial memory impairments
Authors: Chaalal Amina , Poirier Roseline , Blum David , Gillet Brigitte , Le Blanc Pascale , Basquin Marie , Buée Luc , Laroche Serge , Enderlin Valérie 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe multifactorial causes impacting the risk of developing sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to date poorly understood. Epidemiologic studies in humans and research in rodents have suggested that hypothyroidism could participate in the etiology of AD. Recently, we reported that adult‐onset hypothyroidism in rats favors β‐amyloid peptide production in the hippocampus. Here, using the same hypothyroidism model with the antithyroid molecule propythiouracyl (PTU), we further explored AD‐related features, dysfunctional cell‐signaling mechanisms and hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory. In vivo MRI revealed a progressive decrease in cerebral volume of PTU‐treated rats. In the hippocampus, hypothyroidism resulted in tau hyperphosphorylation and increases in several proinflammatory cytokines. These modifications were associated with impaired spatial memory and reduced hippocampal expression of signaling molecules important for synaptic plasticity and memory, including neurogranin, CaMKII, ERK, GSK3β, CREB, and expression of the transcription factor EGR1/Zif268. These data strengthen the idea that hypothyroidism represents an important factor influencing the risk of developing sporadic forms of AD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus is required for object recognition memory
Authors: Takeda Atsushi , Tamano Haruna , Ogawa Taisuke , Takada Shunsuke , Nakamura Masatoshi , Fujii Hiroaki , Ando Masaki 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe role of perforant pathway‐dentate granule cell synapses in cognitive behavior was examined focusing on synaptic Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus. Object recognition memory was transiently impaired when extracellular Zn2+ levels were decreased by injection of clioquinol and N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis‐(2‐pyridylmethyl) ethylendediamine. To pursue the effect of the loss and/or blockade of Zn2+ signaling in dentate granule cells, ZnAF‐2DA (100 pmol, 0.1 mM/1 µl), an intracellular Zn2+ chelator, was locally injected into the dentate molecular layer of rats. ZnAF‐2DA injection, which was estimated to chelate intracellular Zn2+ signaling only in the dentate gyrus, affected object recognition memory 1 h after training without affecting intracellular Ca2+ signaling in the dentate molecular layer. In vivo dentate gyrus long‐term potentiation (LTP) was affected under the local perfusion of the recording region (the dentate granule cell layer) with 0.1 mM ZnAF‐2DA, but not with 1–10 mM CaEDTA, an extracellular Zn2+ chelator, suggesting that the blockade of intracellular Zn2+ signaling in dentate granule cells affects dentate gyrus LTP. The present study demonstrates that intracellular Zn2+ signaling in the dentate gyrus is required for object recognition memory, probably via dentate gyrus LTP expression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment of an in vivo electroporation method into postnatal newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Ito Hidenori , Morishita Rika , Iwamoto Ikuko , Nagata Koh‐ichi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTElectroporation‐mediated gene transfer has been developed for the analysis of mammalian brain development in vivo. Indeed, in utero electroporation method is widely used for the investigation of the mouse embryonic cortical development while in vivo electroporation using neonatal mouse brain is employed for the analysis of the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and postnatal olfactory neurogenesis. In the present study, we established a stable gene‐transfer method to dentate gyrus (DG) neurons by carefully determining the in vivo electroporation conditions, such as position and direction of electrode, voltage for electric pulses, and interval between electroporation and sample preparation. Consequently, GFP‐positive cells in DG were observed to extend branched dendrites and long axons into the molecular layer and the hilus, respectively, 21 days after electrporation. They were morphologically identified as dentate granule neurons with many protrusions on dendrites, and some of them had wide head and thin neck that resembled matured mushroom spines. Expression of GFP in dentate neurons sustained for at least 9 months after electroporation under our experimental conditions. Taken together, the method developed here could be a powerful new tool for the analysis of the postnatal DG development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression and Localization of GEN1 in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Sun Lihua , Zhang Yifang , Pan Zhenxiang , Li Bingjin , Sun Mei , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTGEN1, a Holliday junction resolvase, is involved in homologous repair of DNA double strand break and in maintaining centrosome integrity. Although GEN1 mutants have been reported in breast cancer patients and cell lines, little is currently known about the functions of GEN1 in the development and oncogenic transformation of mammary gland. In the present study, we demonstrate that GEN1 expression is correlated with mammary epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation in various physiological stages as well as casein. By immunofluorescence analysis, the centrosomal association of GEN1 is confirmed in mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, GEN1 is likely involved in DNA damage response of breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that GEN1 may play an important role in the development of mammary gland; its response upon DNA damage indicates that GEN1 gene alteration may contribute to breast cancer formation.
Intra‐articular tibiofemoral injection of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug has no detrimental effects on joint mechanics in a rat model
Authors: Riggin Corinne N. , Tucker Jennica J. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Kuntz Andrew F. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAdministration of intra‐articular medications, including corticosteroids and analgesics, is common clinical practice for knee pathology and dysfunction. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are another category of medication commonly prescribed for their analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Recent studies demonstrated the efficacy of injectable NSAIDs in the treatment of intra‐articular pathology and postoperative analgesia. However, little data exist regarding the safety of intra‐articular injection, despite the increase in its application. Therefore, we investigated the effects of intra‐articular NSAID injection on articular cartilage, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and joint function in the rat. Sixty‐four Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into either saline (SAL) or ketorolac (NSAID) tibiofemoral single injection treatment groups. Animals were euthanized at 2, 7, 28, and 84 days post‐injection for histological and mechanical analyses. Additionally, a subset of animals underwent longitudinal ambulatory evaluation to determine joint functional properties. We hypothesized that intra‐articular ketorolac injection would result in no detrimental mechanical, histological, or functional changes. No differences were reported between the NSAID and SAL groups in any of the parameters measured at any time point, demonstrating the potential safety of intra‐articular NSAID administration. Therefore, NSAID injection could be further considered for clinical application in humans. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1512–1519, 2014.
Differences in IGF axis‐related proteins in amniotic fluid of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 using a multiple reaction monitoring approach
Authors: Lai Guangrui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Leitong , Zhang Bijun , Zheng Gaoyan , Wang Xuanyi , Zhao Xiaoqiu , Gao Haiming , Zhao Yanyan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTrisomy 21 and trisomy 18 are the two most common chromosomal anomalies in live births. To find new biomarkers for aneuploidies and pathogenesis of fetal malformations, we measured insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis‐related proteins in amniotic fluid (AF) of pregnant women carrying trisomies 21 or 18 affected fetuses using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach.MethodEighty‐five AF samples from pregnant women carrying either trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or normal fetuses were collected. IGF axis‐related proteins in AF after serial treatments were quantitated with MRM method. The differential protein levels were also confirmed by western blot in AF without any treatment.ResultsThe IGF type I receptor and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A in AF of trisomy 21 (1.35 ± 0.32 and 13.36 ± 3.64 µg/mg protein) and trisomy 18 (1.39 ± 0.40 and 12.80 ± 1.84 µg/mg protein) were decreased versus normal controls (2.16 ± 0.59 and 23.77 ± 6.18 µg/mg protein). IGF binding protein 5 was reduced in trisomy 18 (1.47 ± 0.33 vs 2.36 ± 0.77 µg/mg protein). These alterations were confirmed by western blot. The other proteins showed no significant difference between the three groups.ConclusionOur data suggested that MRM can provide a powerful platform for the identification of biomarkers in AF that have crucial developmental effects in the aneuploid fetus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lighting‐invariant Adaptive Route Following Using Iterative Closest Point Matching
Authors: Krüsi Philipp , Bücheler Bastian , Pomerleau François , Schwesinger Ulrich , Siegwart Roland , Furgale Paul 
Published: July 2014

Topological/metric route following, also called teach and repeat (T&R), enables long‐range autonomous navigation even without globally consistent localization. In the teach pass, the robot is driven manually and builds up a topological/metric map of the environment, a graph of metric submaps connected by relative transformations. For repeating the route autonomously, the map only needs to be locally consistent; errors on the global level due to localization drift are irrelevant. This renders T&R ideal for applications in which a global positioning system may not be available, such as navigation through street canyons or forests in search and rescue, reconnaissance in underground structures, surveillance, or planetary exploration. We present a T&R system based on iterative closest point matching (ICP) using data from a spinning three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner. Our algorithm is highly accurate, robust to dynamic scenes and extreme changes in the environment, and independent of ambient lighting. It enables autonomous navigation along a taught path in both structured and unstructured environments, including highly 3D terrain. Furthermore, our system is able to detect obstacles and avoid them by adapting its path using a local motion planner. It enables autonomous route following in nonstatic environments, which is not possible with classical T&R systems. We demonstrate our algorithm's performance in two long‐range driving experiments, one in a highly dynamic urban environment, the other in unstructured, rough, 3D terrain. In these experiments, our robot autonomously drove a distance of over 22 km in both day and night. We analyze the localization accuracy of our system and show that it is highly precise. Moreover, we compare our ICP‐based method to a state‐of‐the‐art stereo‐vision‐based technique and show that our approach has a greatly increased robustness to path deviations and is less dependent on environmental conditions.
Temporal and spatial changes in golden eagle reproduction in relation to increased off highway vehicle activity
Authors: Steenhof Karen , Brown Jessi L. , Kochert Michael N. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe used >40 years of data on golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) nesting in southwestern Idaho, USA, to assess whether the proportion of territories and pairs producing young has changed over time, and whether territories in areas where off highway vehicle (OHV) use has increased significantly were less likely to be productive than those in areas that continued to have little or no motorized recreation. The proportion of territories that produced young was similar across southwestern Idaho from the late 1960s to 1999. After a dramatic increase in OHV use from 1999 to 2009, occupancy and success of territories in close proximity to recreational trails and parking areas declined, and the proportion of these territories producing young differed significantly from territories not impacted by OHVs. We could not pinpoint which types of motorized activity are most disturbing, nor could we identify disturbance thresholds at which eagles abandon their eggs, their young, and finally their territory. Timing, proximity, duration, and frequency of disturbance could all play a role. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The Role of Migration in the Urban Transition: A Demonstration From Albania
Authors: Lerch Mathias 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough natural increase has been recognized as the main driver of postwar urban growth in developing countries, urban transition theory predicts a dominant role for population mobility in the early and late phases of the process. To account for this discrepancy between theory and empirical evidence, I demonstrate the complex role played by internal and international migration in the pattern of urban growth. Using a combination of indirect demographic estimations for postwar Albania, I show that the dominant contribution of natural increase from the 1960s to the 1990s was induced by a limited urban in-migration; this was due to the restrictions on leaving the countryside imposed under communist rule and, thereafter, to the redirection abroad of rural out-migrants. Although young adults in cities also engaged in international movements and significantly reduced their fertility, the indirect effects of rural-to-urban migration attenuated the fall in urban birth rates and postponed demographic aging. In-migrants swelled urban cohorts of reproductive age and delayed the urban fertility transition. Despite a high level of urban natural increase in Albania, I thus conclude that the role of population mobility dominated in the early and most recent phases of urban growth. The results also have implications for our understanding of demographic processes during the second urban transition in developing countries.
AN INDUSTRY QUESTION: THE ULTIMATE AND ONE-YEAR RESERVING UNCERTAINTY FOR DIFFERENT NON-LIFE RESERVING METHODOLOGIES
Authors: Dal Moro Eric , Lo Joseph 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the industry, generally, reserving actuaries use a mix of reserving methods to derive their best estimates. On the basis of the best estimate, Solvency 2 requires the use of a one-year volatility of the reserves. When internal models are used, such one-year volatility has to be provided by the reserving actuaries. Due to the lack of closed-form formulas for the one-year volatility of Bornhuetter-Ferguson, Cape-Cod and Benktander-Hovinen, reserving actuaries have limited possibilities to estimate such volatility apart from scaling from tractable models, which are based on other reserving methods. However, such scaling is technically difficult to justify cleanly and awkward to interact with. The challenge described in this editorial is therefore to come up with similar models like those of Mack or Merz-Wüthrich for the chain ladder, but applicable to Bornhuetter-Ferguson, mix Chain-Ladder and Bornhuetter-Ferguson, potentially Cape-Cod and Benktander-Hovinen — and their mixtures.
Population dynamics of the garfish,Belone euxini(Belonidae: Belone) from the south-east Black Sea
Authors: Bilgin Sabri , Taşçi Burak , Bal Hatice 
Published: July 2014

To describe the age, growth, mortality and distribution of the garfish,Belone euxiniand differences in these parameters from other populations, monthly samplings were conducted between December 2011 and July 2013 in the south-east Black Sea. Garfish catch decreased to its lowest levels in spring months, especially after May, and it was completely finished by the summer months. The mean total length (TL) of the female was significantly greater than the mean TL of the male (P < 0.05). The sex-ratio of female:male with size was skewed towards males up to 38 cm length-class, and skewed towards females above the 38 cm class (P < 0.05). The growth pattern of garfish was described by goodness of fit of the data and biological interpretation of growth parameters. The exponential (females:L∞ = 88.3 cm TL,K = 0.108 yr−1, males:L∞ = 71.9 cm TL,K = 0.151 yr−1) and von Bertalanffy (females:L∞ = 81.6 cm TL,K = 0.125 yr−1,t0 = −2.25 year, males:L∞ = 81.6 cm TL,K = 0.125 yr−1,t0 = −2.13 year) models were considered the most suitable growth models. Total instantaneous mortality rate,Z, was estimated as 1.04 yr−1for females and 1.24 yr−1for males. Instantaneous natural mortality ratio,M, was estimated higher for males than for females. The exploitation rate of both sexes was also higher than the optimum exploitation (E = 0.5) criterion, which is indicative of overfishing of the garfish population.
An ‘Expanded’ Class Perspective: Bringing capitalism down to earth in the changing political lives of Adivasi workers in Kerala
Authors: STEUR LUISA 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFollowing the police raid on the ‘Muthanga’ land occupation by Adivasi (‘indigenous’) activists in Kerala, India, in February 2003, intense public debate erupted about the fate of Adivasis in this ‘model’ development state. Most commentators saw the land occupation either as the fight-back of Adivasis against their age-old colonization or the work of ‘external’ agitators. Capitalist restructuring and ‘globalization’ was generally seen as simply the latest chapter in the suffering of these Adivasis. Little focused attention was paid to the recent class trajectory of their lives under changing capitalist relations, the exact social processes under which they were having to make a living, and what had only recently—and still largely ambiguously—made them ready to identify themselves politically as ‘Adivasi’. Demonstrating the usefulness of ethnographic curiosity driven by an ‘expanded’ class analysis, as elaborated in Marxian anthropology, this article provides an alternative to the liberal-culturalist explanation of indigenism in Kerala. It argues instead that contemporary class processes—as experienced close to the skin by the people who decided to participate in the Muthanga struggle—were what shaped their decision to embrace indigenism.