bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LASSO-derived nomogram for early identification of pediatric monogenic lupus
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yu , Wang Wei , Gao Si-Hao , Yu Zhong-Xun , Wang Wei , Zhou Yu , Wang Chang-Yan , Jian Shan , Wang Lin , Gou Li-Juan , Li Ji , Ma Ming-Sheng , Song Hong-Mei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Monogenic lupus is defined as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/SLE-like patients with either dominantly or recessively inherited pathogenic variants in a single gene with high penetrance. However, because the clinical phenotype of monogenic SLE is extensive and overlaps with that of classical SLE, it causes a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Currently, there is a lack of early identification models for clinical practitioners to provide early clues for recognition. Our goal was to create a clinical model for the early identification of pediatric monogenic lupus, thereby facilitating early and precise diagnosis and treatment for patients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study consisted of 41 cases of monogenic lupus treated at the Department of Pediatrics at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2012 to December 2022. The control group consisted of classical SLE patients recruited at a 1:2 ratio. Patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group at a 7:3 ratio. A logistic regression model was established based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to generate the coefficient plot. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC) index.

Results
A total of 41 cases of monogenic lupus patients and 82 cases of classical SLE patients were included. Among the monogenic lupus cases (with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.05 and ages of onset ranging from birth to 15 years), a total of 18 gene mutations were identified. The variables included in the coefficient plot were age of onset, recurrent infections, intracranial calcifications, growth and developmental delay, abnormal muscle tone, lymphadenopathy/hepatosplenomegaly, and chilblain-like skin rash. Our model demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic performance through internal validation, with an AUC value of 0.97 (95% confidence interval = 0.92–0.97).

Conclusions
We summarized and analyzed the clinical characteristics of pediatric monogenic lupus and developed a predictive model for early identification by clinicians. Clinicians should exercise high vigilance for monogenic lupus when the score exceeds − 9.032299.

Graphical abstract
Maternal diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in offspring: a cohort study
Authors: Ma Qiang , Li Ya-Qi , Meng Qing-Tang , Yang Bo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Shi Hua , Liu Chang-You , Xiang Tian-Chao , Zhao Na , Rao Jia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of prenatally diagnosed developmental malformation. This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal diseases and CAKUT in offspring.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled all pregnant women registered from January 2020 to December 2022 at one medical center. Medical information on maternal noncommunicable diseases, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, psychiatric disease, epilepsy, cancer, and autoimmune disease was collected. Based on the records of ultrasound scanning during the third trimester, the diagnosis was classified as isolated urinary tract dilation (UTD) or kidney anomalies. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to establish models to predict antenatal CAKUT.

Results
Among the 19,656 pregnant women, perinatal ultrasound detected suspicious CAKUT in 114 (5.8/1000) fetuses, comprising 89 cases with isolated UTD and 25 cases with kidney anomalies. The risk of antenatal CAKUT was increased in the fetuses of mothers who experienced gestational diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, neuropsychiatric disease, anemia, ovarian and uterine disorders. A prediction model for isolated UTD was developed utilizing four confounding factors, namely gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, maternal thyroid dysfunction, and hepatic disease. Similarly, a separate prediction model for kidney anomalies was established based on four distinct confounding factors, namely maternal thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, disorders of ovarian/uterine, and kidney disease.

Conclusions
Isolated UTD and kidney anomalies were associated with different maternal diseases. The results may inform the clinical management of pregnancy and highlight potential differences in the genesis of various subtypes of CAKUT.

Graphical abstract
Intertidal and shallow subtidal marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands with a description of a new Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae)
Authors: Bartels Paul J. , Fontoura Paulo , Nelson Diane R. , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis is the first survey of marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands, though two species were previously reported from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In June 2016, we collected subtidal and intertidal sand samples from various locations throughout the British Virgin Islands. We found 602 tardigrades in 18 of 21 samples, and these included 12 taxa, one of which, Batillipes wyedeleinorum sp. nov., is new to science and described here. We compared abundance and species diversity in intertidal and subtidal samples and found significantly greater abundance in intertidal habitats but no significant difference in the number of observed species between the two habitats. We calculated Chao 1 species richness, which indicated higher estimated richness in intertidal habitats and 15 ± 3.7 species (x̅ ± SD) in both habitats combined. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling revealed differences in species composition between the two habitats with some species showing clear preferences for one or the other.
Pharmacotherapy as an Augmentation to Bariatric Surgery for Obesity
Authors: Horváth Luděk , Mráz Miloš , Jude Edward B. , Haluzík Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA global obesity pandemic is one of the most significant health threats worldwide owing to its close association with numerous comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, cancer and many others. Obesity and its comorbidities lead to a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, heart failure and increased cardiovascular and overall mortality. Bariatric surgery is at present the most potent therapy for obesity, inducing a significant weight loss in the majority of patients. In the long-term, a substantial proportion of patients after bariatric surgery experience a gradual weight regain that may, in some, reach up to a presurgical body weight. As a result, anti-obesity pharmacotherapy may be needed in some patients after bariatric surgery to prevent the weight regain or to further potentiate weight loss. This article provides an overview of the use of anti-obesity medications as an augmentation to bariatric surgery for obesity. Despite relatively limited published data, it can be concluded that anti-obesity medication can serve as an effective adjunct therapy to bariatric surgery to help boost post-bariatric weight loss or prevent weight regain.
Targeting Neurotransmitter Systems in Bipolar Disorder: A comprehensive Review of novel pharmacological approaches
Authors: Siopa Carlos , Calaça Maria , Pestana Pedro Câmara , Novais Filipa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To critically assess the efficacy of novel pharmacological interventions in managing manic or hypomanic episodes in adult patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Recent Findings
This systematic review synthesized findings from 11 prospective, double-blind, RCTs conducted between 2019 and 2023. The studies evaluated various agents, including melatonin, levetiracetam, palmitoylethanolamide, celecoxib, ebselen, endoxifen, spironolactone, clonidine, and vitamin B6, either as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Significant reductions in manic symptoms were observed with adjunctive melatonin, adjunctive levetiracetam, palmitoylethanolamide, endoxifen, and clonidine. In contrast, celecoxib, spironolactone, ebselen, sole melatonin, levetiracetam adjunctive to quetiapine, and vitamin B6 did not show statistically significant effects. Cognitive performance and sleep quality outcomes varied, with some substances showing improvements and others showing worsening effects.

Summary
This review highlights the potential of novel pharmacological interventions to enhance the management of manic or hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder. By targeting different neurotransmitter systems, these substances offer alternative treatment possibilities that may benefit patients unresponsive to traditional therapies. The findings underscore the importance of continued research to expand therapeutic options, enabling more personalized and effective treatment strategies, and ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life in bipolar disorder management.
Taking care of inpatients with fragility hip fractures: the hip-padua osteosarcopenia (Hip-POS) fracture liaison service model
Authors: Arcidiacono G. P. , Ceolin C. , Sella S. , Camozzi V. , Bertocco A. , Torres M. O. , Rodà M. G. , Cannito M. , Berizzi A. , Romanato G. , Venturin A. , Cianci V. , Pizziol A. , Pala E. , Cerchiaro M. , Savino S. , Tessarin M. , Simioni P. , Sergi G. , Ruggieri P. , Giannini S. ,   the Hip-POS working group, Andaloro Carlotta , Bano Giulia , Boemo Deris Gianni , Bukli Ester , Cannavò Davide , Cecchinato Alberta , Dall’Agnol Martina , Rui Marina , Degan Mario , Dianin Marta , Diogo Martin , Ferrarese Michela , Finamoni Claudia , Guidolin Francesca , Storto Mario Rosario Lo , Marigo Elena , Masiero Stefano , Mian Caterina , Nesoti Maria Vittoria , Falb Mor Peleg , Russo Cristina , Simonato Cristina , Termini Giulia , Veronese Hillary , Zanchetta Francesca , Ziliotto Chiara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Osteoporotic fragility fractures (FF), particularly those affecting the hip, represent a major clinical and socio-economic concern. These fractures can lead to various adverse outcomes, which may be exacerbated by the presence of sarcopenia, especially among older and frail patients. Early identification of patients with FF is crucial for implementing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to prevent subsequent fractures and their associated consequences.

Methods
The Hip-POS program, implemented at Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, is a Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) program to evaluate patients aged > 50 years old admitted with fragility hip fractures, involving an interdisciplinary team. After the identification of patients with hip fractures in the Emergency Department, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted to identify risk factors for further fractures, and to assess the main domains of multidimensional geriatric assessment, including muscle status. Patients are then prescribed with anti-fracture therapy, finally undergoing periodic follow-up visits.

Results
During the first five months, a total of 250 patients were evaluated (70.4% women, median age 85 years). Following assessment by the Hip-POS team, compared to pre-hospitalization, the proportion of patients not receiving antifracture therapy decreased significantly from 60 to 21%. The prescription rates of vitamin D and calcium increased markedly from 29.6% to 81%.

Conclusions
We introduced the Hip-POS program for the care of older adults with hip fractures. We aspire that our model will represent a promising approach to enhancing post-fracture care by addressing the multifactorial nature of osteoporosis and its consequences, bridging the gap in secondary fracture prevention, and improving patient outcomes.
TUMDOT–MUC: Data Collection and Processing of Multimodal Trajectories Collected by Aerial Drones
Authors: Kutsch Alexander , Margreiter Martin , Bogenberger Klaus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrently available trajectory data sets undoubtedly provide valuable insights into traffic events, the behavior of road users and traffic flow theory, thus enabling a wide range of applications. However, there are still shortcomings that need to be addressed: (i) the continuous temporal recording (ii) of a coherent area covering several intersections (iii) with the detection of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of a large-scale aerial drone observation in the city of Munich, Germany, as well as the processing steps and the description of the resulting data set. Using twelve camera-equipped, unmanned aerial drones, the observation monitored an inner urban road section with a length of 700 m continuously for several hours during the afternoon peak hours on two working days. The trajectories of all road users were then extracted from the videos and post-processed in order to obtain a coherent and accurate data set. The resulting trajectories contain information on the category, dimensions, location, velocity, acceleration and orientation of each road user at each frame, merged continuously in time and space across several drone observation areas and subsequent time slots. The data, therefore, includes various interactions between different modes of motorized traffic and active mobility users like pedestrians and cyclists. The whole data set and the supporting data are available open source for research purposes to ensure global accessibility.
Uncovering the unique characteristics of different groups of 5-HT5AR ligands with reference to their interaction with the target protein
Authors: Kordylewski Szymon K. , Bugno Ryszard , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Podlewska Sabina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The serotonin 5-HT5A receptor has attracted much more research attention, due to the therapeutic potential of its ligands being increasingly recognized, and the possibilities that lie ahead of these findings. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that these ligands have procognitive, pro-social, and anti-depressant properties, which offers new avenues for the development of treatments that could address socially important conditions related to the malfunctioning of the central nervous system. The aim of our study was to unravel the molecular determinants for 5-HT5AR ligands that govern their activity towards the receptor.

Methods
In response to the need for identification of molecular determinants for 5-HT5AR activity, we prepared a comprehensive collection of 5-HT5AR ligands, carefully gathering literature and patent data. Leveraging molecular modeling techniques, such as pharmacophore hypothesis development, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations enables to gain valuable insights into the specific interactions of 5-HT5AR ligand groups with the receptor.

Results
The obtained comprehensive set of 2160 compounds was divided into dozens of subsets, and a pharmacophore model was developed for each group. The results from the docking and molecular dynamics simulations have enabled the identification of crucial ligand–protein interactions that are essential for the compound's activity towards 5-HT5AR.

Conclusions
The findings from the molecular modeling study provide valuable insights that can guide medicinal chemists in the development of new 5-HT5AR ligands. Considering the pharmacological significance of these compounds, they have the potential to become impactful treatments for individuals and communities in the future. Understanding how different crystal/cryo-EM structures of 5-HT5AR affect molecular modeling experiments could have major implications for future computational studies on this receptor.

Graphical abstract
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Laterality: The Importance of Graded Severity of the Contralateral Hip
Authors: Schaeffer Emily K. , Price Charles T. , Mulpuri Kishore ,   Global Hip Dysplasia (GHD) Study Group
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Laterality and bilaterality have been reported as prognostic variables in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) outcomes. However, there is little clarity across the literature on the reporting of laterality in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) due to the variability in severity of the condition. It is widely accepted that the left hip is most frequently affected; however, the true incidence of unilateral left, unilateral right and bilateral cases can be hard to quantify and compare across studies. The purpose of this study was to examine laterality accounting for graded severity in a multi-centre, international prospective observational study of infants with hip dysplasia to demonstrate the complexity of this issue.

Methods
A multi-centre, prospective hip dysplasia database was analyzed from 2010 to April 2015. Baseline diagnosis was used to classify patients into a graded laterality category accounting for hip status within the DDH spectrum.

Results
A total of 496 patients were included in the analysis; 328 were <6 months old at diagnosis and 168 were between 6 and 18 months old. Of these patients, 421 had at least one frankly dislocated hip. Unilateral left hip dislocations were most common, with 223 patients, followed by unilateral right and bilateral dislocations with 106 and 92 respectively. Stratifying these patients based on status of the contralateral hip, 54 unilateral left and 31 unilateral right dislocated patients also had a dysplastic or unstable contralateral hip. There were significantly fewer bilateral patients in the 6 to 18-month group (p = 0.0005). When classifying laterality by affected hip, bilaterality became the predominant finding, comprising 42% of all patients.

Conclusions
Findings from this multi-centre prospective study demonstrate the necessity to account for the graded severity in hip status when reporting DDH laterality. To accurately compare laterality across studies, a standardized, comprehensive classification should be established, as contralateral hip status may impact prognosis and treatment outcomes.

Level of Evidence
Level II Prognostic Study.
Observations of High Definition Symmetric Quasi‐Periodic Scintillations in the Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere With LOFAR
Authors: Trigg H. , Dorrian G. , Boyde B. , Wood A. , Fallows R. A. , Mevius M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present broadband ionospheric scintillation observations of highly defined symmetric quasi‐periodic scintillations (QPS: Maruyama, 1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/91rs00357) caused by plasma structures in the mid‐latitude ionosphere using the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR: van Haarlem et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004‐6361/201220873). Two case studies are shown, one from 15 December 2016, and one from 30 January 2018, in which well‐defined main signal fades are observed to be bounded by secondary diffraction fringing. The ionospheric plasma structures effectively behave as a Fresnel obstacle, in which steep plasma gradients at the periphery result in a series of decreasing intensity interference fringes, while the center of the structures largely block the incoming radio signal altogether. In particular, the broadband observing capabilities of LOFAR permit us to see considerable frequency dependent behavior in the QPSs which, to our knowledge, is a new result. We extract some of the clearest examples of scintillation arcs reported in an ionospheric context, from delay‐Doppler spectral analysis of these two events. These arcs permit the extraction of propagation velocities for the plasma structures causing the QPSs ranging from 50 to 00 m s−1, depending on the assumed altitude. The spacing between the individual plasma structures ranges between 5 and 20 km. The periodicities of the main signal fades in each event and, in the case of the 2018 data, co‐temporal ionosonde data, suggest the propagation of the plasma structures causing the QPSs are in the E‐region. Each of the two events is accurately reproduced using a thin screen phase model. Individual signal fades and enhancements were modeled using small variations in total electron content (TEC) amplitudes of order 1 mTECu, demonstrating the sensitivity of LOFAR to very small fluctuations in ionospheric plasma density. To our knowledge these results are among the most detailed observations and modeling of QPSs in the literature.
Submesoscale Processes in the Kuroshio Loop Current: Roles in Energy Cascade and Salt and Heat Transports
Authors: Tang Tian , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Jinchao , Zhang Xincheng , Sun Zhongbin , Feng Zhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Kuroshio Loop Current (KLC) is an important form of Kuroshio intrusion into the northeastern South China Sea (NESCS), which has significant influences on dynamical and biogeochemical processes in the NESCS. Recent studies suggested that the KLC is a hot spot of submesoscale processes (submesoscales) with spatiotemporal scales of O(1–10) km and O(1–10) days, but submesoscales' roles in energy cascade and salt and heat transports remain obscure. Here, we investigate this issue through analyzing outputs from a 1/48° simulation. The kinetic energy exchange rate between submesoscale and larger‐scale processes (KER) is overall positive in the KLC region, which suggests the dominance of forward cascade. The magnitude of KER is comparable with the temporal change rate of larger‐scale kinetic energy in the upper 200 m. We also find that magnitude and direction of KER are closely associated with strain rate and horizontal divergence of background flows, respectively. In addition, the KLC region shows elevated submesoscale salinity and heat diffusivities with magnitudes reaching O(102) m2 s−1. During the KLC period, horizontal mixing by submesoscales can transport 0.90 × 1013 kg salt and 0.71 × 1020 J heat westward into the NESCS interior, which are an order of magnitude larger than those caused by the mesoscale eddy shedding from the KLC. These results suggest that submesoscales play important roles not only in energy cascade but also in salt and heat transports in the KLC region. Therefore, the roles of submesoscales should be taken into account when studying energy, salt, and heat budgets in the NESCS.
Impacts of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation on Marginal Sea Heatwaves of the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Cui Zhanxian , Li Yuanlong , Guo Yaru , Wang Fan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMarginal seas of the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO), including the South Java coasts and the Timor and Arafura Seas, are hotspots of large‐scale marine heatwaves (MHWs) in austral summer with notable impacts on local ecosystems. Yet, the prediction of these MHWs remains challenging. By analyzing 39 MHWs and 45 marine cold‐spells (MCSs) observed in the summers of 1982–2021, this study reveals a robust modulation effect of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on these events. The results show that 56% of MHWs and 51% of MCSs overlapped with MJO events, and their duration is systematically longer than others. Moreover, MHWs in phases 3–4 and MCSs in phases 6–7 of the real‐time multivariate MJO (RMM) index were nearly 2–3 times stronger in intensity than the others. The passage of MJOs drives prominent intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the SETIO through perturbing surface heat fluxes, which in turn modulates the occurrence of MHWs and MCSs. During RMM phases 1–2 (convective center over of the east of Africa or the central‐western Indian Ocean), the SETIO is controlled by a dry condition, with increased surface insolation and suppressed latent heat release. These anomalous fluxes drive a persistent SST increase, facilitating the emergence of strong and prolonged MHWs in the subsequent RMM phases 3–4. Further analysis suggests an 18% probability for MHWs in the SETIO 12 ± 10 days after Phase 1. Therefore, the MJO contributes to the predictability of MHWs/MCSs of the SETIO, with implications for predicting climate extremes and hazards.