bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Parenting—Have We Really Closed the Gap?: A Comment on AFCC's Think Tank Report
Authors: Cognetti Maria P. , Chmil Nadya J. 
Published: April 2014

This article provides a review of the final report of the AFCC Think Tank on Research, Policy, Practice, and Shared Parenting from our perspectives as practicing family law attorneys. Specifically, we call into question some of the consensus points of the think tank report, particularly related to the term “custody” as defined in family law. We also expound upon some of the legal rules and doctrines discussed within the think tank report and consider the way some states refer to child custody in their statutes. We agree with the use of factors in deciding custody arrangements on an individualized case‐by‐case basis upon consideration of the best interests of the child, but also consider the reality of the court system today and alternatives to the court system such as alternative dispute resolution.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
The think tank report recognizes that the concept of child custody is evolving, yet the report is idealistic and falls short in recognizing the reality of custody law and practice today in that our courts and legislatures cannot always keep up with changing social and psychological beliefs and trends.
The term “custody” can have several different meanings as it relates to family law, and it is important for practitioners to be specific in identifying what form of custody is being sought after or referenced.
Dangers Associated With The Avoidance Of Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Lamb Michael E. 
Published: April 2014

This commentary notes that the report on the AFCC Think Tank on Research, Policy, Practice, and Shared Parenting acknowledges some well‐established research conclusions with respect to the ways in which children's well‐being can be affected by their parents' separation, but avoids making explicit or innovative recommendations for practice. This refusal to engage with implications for practice was repeatedly justified by superficial reference to individual differences and the need for individualized decision making, but the failure to recognize areas where the research literature can be helpful, although not determinative, is disappointing. The commentary ends with a discussion of the known risks of individualized decisions that are not adequately informed by research.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Empirical research should inform practice.
Individualization does not preclude guidelines.
Biased decision making is problematic.
Parental Separation and Overnight Care of Young Children, Part I: Consensus Through Theoretical and Empirical Integration
Authors: Pruett Marsha Kline , McIntosh Jennifer E. , Kelly Joan B. 
Published: April 2014

The AFCC Think Tank on Research, Policy, Practice, and Shared Parenting was convened in response to an identified need for a progression of thinking in the family law field, removed from the current polarizing debates surrounding the postseparation care of infants and very young children. We share this goal as our research and commentaries have been centrally implicated in the current controversies. Our collaboration over this empirical paper and its clinical counterpart endorses the need for higher‐order thinking, away from dichotomous arguments, to more inclusive solutions grounded in an integrated psycho‐developmental perspective. We first critically appraise the theoretical and empirical origins of current controversies relevant to attachment and parental involvement research. We then describe how attachment and parental involvement contribute complementary perspectives that, taken together, provide a sound basis from which to understand the needs of very young children in separated families. As a companion piece, Part II offers a collective view of a way forward for decision making about overnights for infants and young children, toward the integration of theoretical and empirical with clinical wisdom.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
An integrative perspective suggests that the goals of attachment and early parental (typically paternal) involvement with very young children after separation are mutually attainable and mutually reinforcing rather than exclusive choices.
An optimal goal for the family is a “triadic secure base” developed through a co‐parenting environment that supports the child's secure attachment with each parent and the recognition by each parent of the other's importance to the child.
Cautions against overnight care during the first three years are not supported. The limited available research substantiates some caution about higher frequency overnight schedules with young children, particularly when the child's relationship with a second parent has not been established and/or parents are in frequent conflict to which the child is exposed.
Joint Legal Custody Presumptions: A Troubling Legal Shortcut
Authors: Ver Steegh Nancy , Gould‐Saltman Hon. Dianna 
Published: April 2014

This article examines the legal operation and impact of legal custody presumptions. We compare the nature of joint legal and joint physical custody and explore common misunderstandings about how presumptions work and their practical repercussions for children and parents. We conclude that legal custody presumptions are not suited to the task of promoting quality decision making and healthy parent–child relationships and they recommend alternative approaches.
Key Points for the Family Court Community:
The operation and impact of legal custody presumptions are often misunderstood by practitioners.
The goal of quality decision making on behalf of children is more realistically achieved through other approaches.
Perspectives on Joint Custody Presumptions as Applied to Domestic Violence Cases
Authors: Brinig Margaret F. , Frederick Loretta M. , Drozd Leslie M. 
Published: April 2014

Despite the trend toward statutory presumptions in favor of joint legal and physical custody, practitioners increasingly recognize that domestic violence has serious implications for the efficacy and safety of parenting and shared care. This article explores the implications of domestic violence for shared parenting and for the statutory legal and physical custody presumptions and exceptions which are triggered by or are applicable to domestic violence. This article proposes that a better framework for addressing intimate partner violence–related custody cases is one that guides practitioners toward fact‐based determinations of the implications of the violence for parenting and co‐parenting in individual cases.Key Points for the Family Court Community:Parents who are coercive controlling abusers frequently exhibit the types of problematic parenting behaviors which make shared parenting unrealistic.Instead of applying blanket joint custody presumptions, all family court practitioners, including judges, should: (1) be alert to signs that domestic violence may be an issue; (2) understand the nature and context of any abuse; (3) determine the implications, if any, of the abuse for parenting and co‐parenting; and (4) account for the violence and its implications in their handling of cases.Exceptions for domestic violence cases fail to prevent the inappropriate application of joint custody presumptions to many families for whom domestic violence is a significant issue because: (1) abuse is often not detected by the system, (2) victims have problems proving that the abuse occurred, and (3) many practitioners are disinclined to believe that the abuse occurred.
There is a critical weight range for Australia's declining tropical mammals
Authors: Murphy Brett P. , Davies Hugh F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMany mammals in Australia's tropical north are in severe decline, yet understanding of the drivers of this decline is remarkably limited. Recently, Fisher et al. (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2014, 23, 181−190) examined the traits that are associated with declining marsupial species in northern Australia. They concluded that, in this region, declines are most pronounced in the smallest species (those with the lowest body mass). This is in strong contrast to the significant declines that occurred earlier in central and southern Australia before the mid 20th century, which were most pronounced in medium‐sized species, the so‐called ‘critical weight range’ (35−5500 g). Here we show that Fisher et al. have misinterpreted their dataset; in northern Australia, the pattern of mammal decline in relation to body mass is remarkably similar to that in central and southern Australia, with mammal decline strongly concentrated in the critical weight range, suggesting fundamentally similar drivers between north and south.
Pyrogeographic models, feedbacks and the future of global fire regimes
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Murphy Brett P. , Williamson Grant J. , Cochrane Mark A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractConceptual and phenomenological macroecological models of current global fire activity have demonstrated the overwhelming control exerted by primary productivity. Fire activity is very high in savanna regions with intermediate primary productivity, and very low in both densely forested regions with high productivity and arid/cold regions with low productivity. However, predicting future global fire activity using such macroecological models of fire's global ‘niche’ may not be possible because of the feedbacks between fire, climate and vegetation that underpin the fire−productivity relationship. Improving forecasts of global fire activity demands the use of dynamic models to determine how climate, CO2, vegetation (i.e. canopy closure and plant functional types) and primary productivity constrain fire and evaluation of the strength of feedbacks amongst these variables.
Self‐rated health and associated factors among older people living alone in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Yu , While Alison E , Hicks Allan 
Published: April 2014

AimSelf‐rated health is a reliable and important health measure related to older people's mortality and quality of life. Few studies regarding the self‐rated health of older people living alone have been carried out in Mainland China. The present study aimed to investigate the self‐rated health of older people living alone in Shanghai and its associated factors.MethodsA stratified random cluster sample of 521 community‐dwelling older people living alone in Shanghai completed structured questionnaires through face‐to‐face interviews. The data collected included self‐rated health, physical health, depression, functional ability, physical activity, health services satisfaction, loneliness, social support and sociodemographic variables.ResultsMore than two‐fifths of the participants (43.2%) reported good self‐rated health. Multinomial logistic regression analyses found that chronic disease, acute disease, functional ability, satisfaction with health services, depression and age were predictors of self‐rated health.ConclusionsIdentifying factors associated with the self‐rated health of older people living alone could inform the delivery of appropriate health and social care interventions to promote older people's health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 457–464.
Lack of recombinant factor VIII B‐domain induces phospholipid vesicle aggregation: implications for the immunogenicity of factor VIII
Authors: Grushin K. , Miller J. , Dalm D. , Parker E. T. , Healey J. F. , Lollar P. , Stoilova‐McPhie S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFactor VIII (FVIII) is a multidomain blood plasma glycoprotein. Activated FVIII acts as a cofactor to the serine protease factor IXa within the membrane‐bound tenase complex assembled on the activated platelet surface. Defect or deficiency in FVIII causes haemophilia A, a severe hereditary bleeding disorder. Intravenous administration of plasma‐derived FVIII or recombinant FVIII concentrates restores normal coagulation in haemophilia A patients and is used as an effective therapy. In this work, we studied the biophysical properties of clinically potent recombinant FVIII forms: human FVIII full‐length (FVIII‐FL), human FVIII B‐domain deleted (FVIII‐BDD) and porcine FVIII‐BDD bound to negatively charged phospholipid vesicles at near‐physiological conditions. We used cryo‐electron microscopy (Cryo‐EM) as a direct method to evaluate the homogeneity and micro‐organization of the protein‐vesicle suspensions, which are important for FVIII therapeutic properties. Applying concurrent Cryo‐EM, circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering studies to the three recombinant FVIII forms when bound to phospholipid vesicles revealed novel properties for their functional, membrane‐bound state. The three FVIII constructs have similar activity, secondary structure distribution and bind specifically to negatively charged phospholipid membranes. Human and porcine FVIII‐BDD induce strong aggregation of the vesicles, but the human FVIII‐FL form does not. The proposed methodology is effective in characterizing and identifying differences in therapeutic recombinant FVIII membrane‐bound forms near physiological conditions, because protein‐containing aggregates are considered to be a factor in increasing the immunogenicity of protein therapeutics. This will provide better characterization and development of safer and more effective FVIII products with implications for haemophilia A treatment.
Does Helicobacter pylori Protect against Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children?
Authors: Elitsur Yoram , Alrazzak Baraa Alabd , Preston Deborah , Demetieva Yulia 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children seem to have a reversed association with socioeconomic status (hygienic condition) and allergy conditions. While Hp infection (Hp) is highly associated with poor hygiene and/or poor socioeconomic status, but not with allergic conditions (asthma, rhinitis, etc.), EoE has the opposite epidemiological relationship (high association with allergy but low with low hygienic conditions).AimTo investigate the association between Hp infection and EoE in children.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all children who undergo the first upper endoscopy procedure in the gastroenterology clinic, between 2007 and 2012, was performed. Demographic, endoscopic and histological data were collected. The data was divided into 4 diagnostic groups: Hp infection, EoE, reflux esophagitis, and children who had normal histology. The relationship between Hp positive children and the other groups was performed.ResultsA total of 966 charts were available for review. Esophagitis, idiopathic gastritis, EoE, and Hp infection were detected in 268 (28%), 480 (49%), 62 (6%), and 31 (3%) children, respectively. The mean age of the EoE group was significantly lower compared to all reference groups (p < .002), but no significant different was detected among the reference groups (gastritis, GERD, and Hp infection; p = 1.00). Simple logistic regression analysis using Hp infection as a predictor for EoE did not find a significant relationship between these two variables (p‐value = .471, OR = 0.478, 95% CI 0.06–3.56). However, multivariable logistic regression analysis between EoE and the reference groups indicated a significant negative relationship between Hp infection and EoE (p‐value = .023, adjusted OR = 0.096, 95%CI 0.013–0.72). Neither gastritis nor GER showed significant relationship with EoE (p‐values are 1.000 and .992, respectively).ConclusionA reversed association between Hp and EoE was found in a cohort of West Virginia children. The possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Measuring HINARI use in Nigeria through a citation analysis of Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
Authors: Anyaoku Ebele N. , Anunobi Chinwe V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundHINARI is one of the four programmes of Research4Life managed by the World Health Organization in partnership with Yale University Library. HINARI provides online access to the world's health‐related scientific literature free or at very low cost to researchers in developing countries. The research examined the use of HINARI through a 5‐year (2007–2011) citation analysis of Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.MethodThe study was a citation analysis of 5 years of published volumes of Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. The analysis was carried out using issues ranging from volume 10 (2007) to 14 (2011). The use of HINARI was determined by comparing the total journal titles and articles cited from HINARI with non‐HINARI journals in the five volumes of Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice (NJCP).ResultsResults show that only 42.8% of the journal titles cited are available in HINARI. On the contrary, in terms of total articles cited from the journals, HINARI had a higher citation of 56.1% with a greater citation frequency of individual titles.ConclusionThe higher article citations and repeated use of individual titles available in HINARI suggest that health researchers in Nigeria are using the HINARI resource to a measurable extent.
EGR1 supports the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem cells
Authors: Press T. , Viale‐Bouroncle S. , Felthaus O. , Gosau M. , Morsczeck C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether and how the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) affects the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem cells.MethodologyDental stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and from the dental follicle (DFCs) were transfected with EGR1‐specific siRNA or EGR‐1 expression plasmid. Gene regulation was verified at protein level by Western blotting. The expression of the transcription factors distal‐less homeobox 3 (DLX3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), which are all regulators and markers of the osteogenic differentiation in dental stem cells, was determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). To investigate mineralization, SCAP long‐term cultures were stained with alizarin red after EGR1 over‐expression.ResultsEGR1 was induced in SCAPs during osteogenic differentiation. DLX3 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) were up‐regulated after EGR1 over‐expression and down‐regulated after EGR1 depletion. The expression of ALP was also down‐regulated after EGR1 depletion. The over‐expression of EGR1 in SCAPs promoted mineralization after osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionsEGR1 supported the osteogenic differentiation of dental stem cells by potentially regulating the expression of DLX3 and BMP2.
The correlation between fluid transport and push‐out strength in root canals filled with a methacrylate‐based filling material
Authors: Moinzadeh A.‐T. , Mirmohammadi H. , Hensbergen I. A. M. , Wesselink P. R. , Shemesh H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the correlation between fluid transport and dislocation resistance in canals filled with a methacrylate‐based filling material.MethodologyThe root canals in sixty‐five single‐rooted human teeth were prepared to size 40, 0.06 taper. Sixty roots were filled with a single‐cone technique using RealSeal SE sealer and divided into 3 groups, whilst five roots served as fluid transport positive control. Group 1 (n = 20): correlation group. Specimens were consecutively tested with fluid transport for 90 min and thereafter with the push‐out test at coronal and apical root levels. Group 2 (n = 20): push‐out control. Specimens were only subjected to the push‐out test at coronal and apical root levels. Group 3 (n = 20): fluid transport negative control. Specimens were totally covered with nail varnish. The correlation between fluid transport and dislocation resistance was assessed by Kendall's tau‐b coefficient. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare dislocation resistance between groups 1 and 2 and fluid transport between groups 1 and 3. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.ResultsKendall's tau‐b correlation coefficients between fluid transport and dislocation resistance were weak, being coronally 0.139 (P = 0.444) and apically −0.080 (P = 0.658). No significant difference in dislocation resistance could be detected between groups 1 and 2 at both root levels (P = 0.052 and P = 0.336, respectively).ConclusionNo significant correlation could be identified between fluid transport and dislocation resistance, meaning that the corono‐apical sealing ability of a methacrylate‐based root canal filling is independent of its adhesive properties as indicated by its dislocation resistance.
Clonal diversity in biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis in response to environmental stress associated with endodontic irrigants and medicaments
Authors: Wilson C. E. , Cathro P. C. , Rogers A. H. , Briggs N. , Zilm P. S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo determine whether clonal diversity within E. faecalis affects biofilm formation when exposed to antimicrobial compounds found in endodontic medicaments and irrigants.MethodologyFive human isolates of E. faecalis were compared; biofilms were grown in microtitre trays in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, tetracycline or clindamycin. Biofilms were quantified by staining with crystal violet and optical density determined with a microplate reader. Slime production (an amorphous extracellular matrix comprising polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids loosely attached to the cell surface) was determined qualitatively by growth on Congo red agar plates. Linear mixed models were used to examine whether medicaments affected biofilm growth of the isolates in the presence of the medicaments or irrigants.ResultsOverall, different endodontic antimicrobials significantly altered biofilm growth in E. faecalis isolates. Two E. faecalis isolates significantly (P < 0.0001) increased biofilm formation in the presence of tetracycline and one in the presence of NaOCl (P = 0.018). Qualitatively, slime production also varied between isolates and correlated with biofilm production.ConclusionsWhen subjected to sub‐minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels of antimicrobial compounds found in endodontic medicaments, E. faecalis isolates demonstrated significant clonal variation in their capacity to form biofilms. Interestingly, there was a correlation between slime production and the ability of isolates to form a biofilm in the presence of antimicrobials. The results indicate that isolates of E. faecalis that form biofilms in response to endodontic medicaments may be more likely to survive endodontic treatment.