bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Design of Commercial Building using Etabs and Staad Pro
Authors: Jyothirmayee S , Dileep Kumar Reddy B , Rakesh M , Pooja S , Neha T , Kullai Naik G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Engineers are in charge of planning, developing, and completing projects on schedule. The investigation of the stiffness, strength, and stability of structures is known as structural design. A structural engineer constructs a structure in accordance with loading circumstances, including wind, seismic, live, and dead loads. There are several software programmes available to assess and design elements, but many students lack understanding of how to calculate loads, load combinations, and design parameters. It is not difficult to create a building; however, it is vital to create an efficient framework that will function without fail for many years. The objective of this study is to analyse and design of commercial building using ETABS and STAAD Pro with design aids provided in code book IS 456:2000, SP-16. The main aim of this study is to find improved analyses for constructing load situations, applying load combinations, support reactions, and column and beam reinforcement, among other things. Comparisons of design outcomes, such as displacement, axial force, shear forces, and bending moment along main and minor axes, may be made using the analytical results.
Towards Greener Construction: Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Demolition Waste and Quarry Dust Blends
Authors: Sree Kumar K , Prasad Bokka Durga Vara , Manne Manikanta , Alisha Sk Subhan , Rambabu P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Concrete is a mass resembling stone prepared by pouring Cement, fine sand, and water into moulds and hardening them. It is well known that adding the right mineral admixtures with cement in the appropriate proportions enhances a number of concrete properties. The construction industry has been expanding at a rapid pace, to meet the growing demands of new infrastructure in various countries around the world for the past two decades. The fine aggregate used in all construction projects is river sand, which is dredged from riverbeds. There is an increasing need for river sand replenishment since increased riverbed dredging may cause soil erosion, coastal erosion, and environmental deterioration. River sand is substituted in concrete with ceramic grains, quarry stone dust, copper slag, foundry sand, and other components. Quarry dust and demolition waste are used together to create stronger concrete. This is then compared to regular concrete to see if the results are worth the extra effort. Even though the mixes presented promising strength parameters, these strength parameters were seen decreasing with the increase in percentage of replacement. Concrete mixes containing 25% of demolition waste and quarry dust replacement reported greater strength in compression, Splitting Tension & Flexure than the other concrete mixes with varying percentage of replacement.
Experimental study on coir fiber based crumb rubber concrete
Authors: Mounika Chalamani , Mounka M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this project is to evaluate mechanical properties of concrete using rubber tire waste as an alternative of fine aggregate and coconut fiber powder as an alternative of cement with assorted percentages of 0%, 5%, 10% & 15% and 0%, 1%, 2% & 3% in concrete. The main requirement of the work is to provide safe environment and making concrete economical by using rubber waste and coir fiber as a substitutes to sand and cement. By this we can also prevent environmental issues produced from disposing of coconut husk and rubber tires waste partially. Fly ash was also added additionally with varying percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% as an alternative to cement in a concrete mix. Laboratory tests such as compressive, split tensile, flexural strength test, density of concrete and water absorption test etc., were conducted on concrete specimen to achieve the maximum usage of coir fiber powder and crumb rubber tire waste in preparation of concrete mix. It is observed that the maximum compressive strength values of coconut fiber based crumb rubber concrete was obtained at 1% of coir fiber + 5% of crumb rubber + 5% of fly ash are 15.11, 19.52 and 29.40N/mm2 for 3days, 7days and 28days of curing, maximum split tensile strength and flexural strength values of coir fiber based crumb rubber concrete block was also obtained at 1% of coir fiber + 5% of crumb rubber + 5% of fly ash i.e.,1.430, 1.599 & 2.791N/mm2 and 1.97, 2.92 and 4.68N/mm2 for 3, 7 and 28days of curing. From the final conclusion of the project, maximum usage of crumb rubberis 5% and coconut fiber powder is 3%.
Investigating the influence of fly ash and rice husk ash on the strength and durability properties of self compacting recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Raju Nunna Venkata , Paluri Yeswanth , Sudheer Kankatala Sreenivasa , Hemanth A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a type of concrete that has become increasingly popular in recent years because of its exceptional fluidity and cohesive properties. The incorporation of supplemental cementitious materials (SCM) is essential to attain the desired consolidation qualities and meet the durability criteria in this material. Utilizing waste or industrial by-products as a source of SCM might enhance the qualities of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and minimize the environmental consequences linked to the manufacturing of Portland Cement (PC). Because of the high environmental costs and limited availability of natural materials, recycled aggregates are being more and more advocated as an alternative for use in concrete. In light of these facts, the paper addressed the effects of SCMs (fly ash and rice husk ash) and recycled aggregates on the fresh, mechanical (compressive strength, and flexural strength) and durability (sorptivity and water absorption) properties of SCC. The workability of SCC decreases with recycled aggregates and cement replacements, while it increases with flyash and decreases with RHA. The fresh properties of all mixes met EFNARC criteria. Substituting RA for NA resulted in a decline in strength, while RA100’s strength properties were enhanced by supplementary cementitious materials. The combination of FA and RHA improved RAC’s strength and durability. This suggests that self compacting recycled aggregate concrete incorporating SCMs can be a sustainable alternative.
Assessment of Land use Land Cover Changes in West Godavari District Using Gis
Authors: Kyle Suseela , Devika Bandaru Mary , Priyadarshini Tallapudi Indira , Paul Sophia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Land-use land cover plays an essential role in planning and developing the use of natural resources in response to the gradual growth in human demands in the present-day surroundings. This study focuses on the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for land use to detect changes in the West Godavari district of the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP), India. The present study focuses on the features classification and detection of changes in land-use land cover between 2010 and 2020, considering a survey of India’s topographic map and satellite imagery. In recent times, multitemporal high- and medium-resolution satellite data have emerged to serve as vital tools for analyzing water bodies, vegetation crop areas, and deep forests. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies facilitate the study of landscape transitions on the surface of the earth. The results suggest that the study, the rate of increase and decrease in built-up area, the rate of water bodies, and the cover of vegetation may have a major effect on the ecology. This software can also identify changes in terrain, temperature differences, precipitation, and population pressure. To improve planning for future development, we will use the geographic information system to compare historical and present data for our study area.
A high-power four-path radial synthesizer
Authors: Li Fengxiu , Huang Wenchong , Wu Haoran , Hou Desheng , Tang Zhengming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microwave energy is widely used in fields such as food processing, chemical industry, and pharmaceutical production. However, traditional power synthesizers are not suitable for microwave heating due to the limitations in output power, low synthesis efficiency, and poor heat dissipation performance. In this paper, we propose a new four-path high-power radial synthesizer. Magnetic probes and two-stage step coupling are added to both the input and output ports of the synthesizer to achieve better port matching. Moreover, the parameters of the proposed structure are optimized by electromagnetic calculation. The simulation results indicate that the transmission coefficient is less than -28 dB, the insertion loss is less than 0.1 dB, the amplitude and phase are basically the same, the VSWR is less than 1.1, and the synthesis efficiency is up to 97% in the range of 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz. With low insertion loss, high synthesis efficiency, simple structure, and large power capacity, this synthesizer has a broad potential for application in microwave heating.
A new LED constant current driver
Authors: Jia Nan , Huang Shengming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A new type of LED constant current driving is proposed and designed in this paper, which controls the output current by receiving digital dimming signals. The output LED current can be accurately controlled with MOS transistors in the current mirror structure turned on and off. With a reference current of 10 uA, the dimmed output current range of the LED is 30 uA ∼ 270 uA. In a typical environment of 5 V and 27 °C, the phase margin and loop gain of the current reference generator amplifier are 62.5 deg and 114.75 dB, respectively, guaranteeing stable reference current and output LED current. At the same time, when the output current of the LED is a maximum of 270 uA, the channel has a fast-switching speed of 202.25 ns.
Emulsion electrospun epigallocatechin gallate-loaded silk fibroin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes for enhancing guided bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Hong , Xu Jiya , Dun Zhiyue , Yang Yi , Wang Yueqiu , Shu Fei , Zhang Zhihao , Liu Mei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes play an important role in oral bone regeneration. However, enhancing their bone regeneration potential and antibacterial properties is crucial. Herein, silk fibroin (SF)/polycaprolactone (PCL) core–shell nanofibers loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were prepared using emulsion electrospinning. The nanofibrous membranes were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle (CA) measurement, mechanical properties testing, drug release kinetics, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were used to assess the biological characteristics, cytocompatibility, and osteogenic differentiation potential of the nanofibrous membrane. Additionally, the antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated. The nanofibers prepared by emulsion electrospinning exhibited a stable core–shell structure with a smooth and continuous surface. The tensile strength of the SF/PCL membrane loaded with EGCG was 3.88 ± 0.15 Mpa, the water CA was 50°, and the DPPH clearance rate at 24 h was 81.73% ± 0.07%. The EGCG release rate of membranes prepared by emulsion electrospinning was reduced by 12% within 72 h compared to that of membranes prepared via traditional electrospinning. In vitro experiments indicate that the core–shell membranes loaded with EGCG demonstrated good cell compatibility and promoted adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the EGCG-loaded membranes exhibited inhibitory effects on E. coli and S. aureus. These findings indicate that core–shell nanofibrous membranes encapsulated with EGCG prepared using emulsion electrospinning possess good antioxidant, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties, making them potential candidates for research in GBR materials.
Ti3C2Tx@PLGA/Icaritin microspheres-modified PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds modulate Icaritin release to enhance bone regeneration through near-infrared response
Authors: Gu Changyuan , Chen Hao , Zhao Yiqiao , Xi Hongzhong , Tan Xiaoxue , Xue Peng , Sun Guangquan , Jiang Xiaohong , Du Bin , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/Icaritin (PLGA/β-TCP/ICT, PTI) scaffold is a tissue engineering scaffold based on PLGA/β-TCP (PT) containing Icaritin, the main active ingredient of the Chinese medicine Epimedium. Due to its excellent mechanical properties and osteogenic effect, PTI scaffold has the potential to promote bone defect repair. However, the release of ICT from the scaffolds is difficult to control. In this study, we constructed Ti3C2T
x
@PLGA/ICT microspheres (TIM) and evaluated their characterization as well as ICT release under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. We utilized TIM to modify the PT scaffold and performed biological experiments. First, we cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffold to assess biocompatibility and osteogenic potential under on-demand NIR irradiation. Subsequently, to evaluate the osteogenic properties of TIM-modified scaffold in vivo, the scaffold was implanted into a femoral condyle defect model. TIM have excellent drug-loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency for ICT, and the incorporation of Ti3C2T
x
endows TIM with photothermal conversion capability. Under 0.90 W cm−2 NIR irradiation, the temperature of TIM maintained at 42.0 ± 0.5 °C and the release of ICT was accelerated. Furthermore, while retaining its original properties, the TIM-modified scaffold was biocompatible and could promote cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization in vitro, as well as the osteogenesis and osseointegration in vivo, and its effect was further enhanced through the modulation of ICT release under NIR irradiation. In summary, TIM-modified scaffold has the potential to be applied in bone defects repairing.
A scalar field theory of 1+1-dimensional laser wakefield accelerators
Authors: Aleksiejuk Mark , Burton David A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A relativistic non-linear scalar field theory is developed from a 2+2-dimensional decomposition of the cold plasma field equations, and the theory is used to investigate a 1+1-dimensional description of a laser wakefield accelerator. The relationship between the properties of a compact laser pulse and its wake is explored. Non-linear solutions are sought describing a regular (i.e. unbroken) wake driven by a prescribed rectangular circularly-polarised laser pulse. An upper bound on the dimensionless amplitude a
0 of the laser pulse is determined as a function of the phase speed v of the wake. The asymptotic behaviour of the upper bound on a
0 as

v
→
c

is shown to agree with well-established, but approximate, results obtained using the conventional encoding of the plasma degrees of freedom. Our approach leads to a closed-form expression for the upper bound on a
0 which is exact for all values of the phase speed of the wake, unlike conventional results that are applicable only when v is sufficiently close to c.
3D in vitro modeling of the exocrine pancreatic unit using tomographic volumetric bioprinting
Authors: Sgarminato Viola , Madrid-Wolff Jorge , Boniface Antoine , Ciardelli Gianluca , Tonda-Turo Chiara , Moser Christophe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Initial lesions of PDAC develop within the exocrine pancreas’ functional units, with tumor progression driven by interactions between PDAC and stromal cells. Effective therapies require anatomically and functionally relevant in vitro human models of the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. We employed tomographic volumetric bioprinting, a novel biofabrication method, to create human fibroblast-laden constructs mimicking the tubuloacinar structures of the exocrine pancreas. Human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells overexpressing the KRAS oncogene (HPDE-KRAS) were seeded in the multiacinar cavity to replicate pathological tissue. HPDE cell growth and organization within the structure were assessed, demonstrating the formation of a thin epithelium covering the acini inner surfaces. Immunofluorescence assays showed significantly higher alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) vs. F-actin expression in fibroblasts co-cultured with cancerous versus wild-type HPDE cells. Additionally, α-SMA expression increased over time and was higher in fibroblasts closer to HPDE cells. Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 levels were quantified in supernatants from co-cultures of stromal and HPDE-KRAS cells. These findings align with inflamed tumor-associated myofibroblast behavior, serving as relevant biomarkers to monitor early disease progression and target drug efficacy. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a 3D bioprinted model of exocrine pancreas that recapitulates its true 3-dimensional microanatomy and shows tumor triggered inflammation.
Droplet-based microfluidics for engineering shape-controlled hydrogels with stiffness gradient
Authors: Soliman Bram G , Chin Ian L , Li Yiwei , Ishii Melissa , Ho Minh Hieu , Doan Vinh Khanh , Cox Thomas R , Wang Peng Yuan , Lindberg Gabriella C J , Zhang Yu Shrike , Woodfield Tim B F , Choi Yu Suk , Lim Khoon S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Current biofabrication strategies are limited in their ability to replicate native shape-to-function relationships, that are dependent on adequate biomimicry of macroscale shape as well as size and microscale spatial heterogeneity, within cell-laden hydrogels. In this study, a novel diffusion-based microfluidics platform is presented that meets these needs in a two-step process. In the first step, a hydrogel-precursor solution is dispersed into a continuous oil phase within the microfluidics tubing. By adjusting the dispersed and oil phase flow rates, the physical architecture of hydrogel-precursor phases can be adjusted to generate spherical and plug-like structures, as well as continuous meter-long hydrogel-precursor phases (up to 1.75 m). The second step involves the controlled introduction a small molecule-containing aqueous phase through a T-shaped tube connector to enable controlled small molecule diffusion across the interface of the aqueous phase and hydrogel-precursor. Application of this system is demonstrated by diffusing co-initiator sodium persulfate (SPS) into hydrogel-precursor solutions, where the controlled SPS diffusion into the hydrogel-precursor and subsequent photo-polymerization allows for the formation of unique radial stiffness patterns across the shape- and size-controlled hydrogels, as well as allowing the formation of hollow hydrogels with controllable internal architectures. Mesenchymal stromal cells are successfully encapsulated within hollow hydrogels and hydrogels containing radial stiffness gradient and found to respond to the heterogeneity in stiffness through the yes-associated protein mechano-regulator. Finally, breast cancer cells are found to phenotypically switch in response to stiffness gradients, causing a shift in their ability to aggregate, which may have implications for metastasis. The diffusion-based microfluidics thus finds application mimicking native shape-to-function relationship in the context of tissue engineering and provides a platform to further study the roles of micro- and macroscale architectural features that exist within native tissues.
Vascular tissues bioprinted with smooth muscle cell-only bioinks in support baths mimic features of native coronary arteries
Authors: Figueroa-Milla Andre E , DeMaria William , Wells Derrick , Jeon Oju , Alsberg Eben , Rolle Marsha W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study explores the bioprinting of a smooth muscle cell-only bioink into ionically crosslinked oxidized methacrylated alginate (OMA) microgel baths to create self-supporting vascular tissues. The impact of OMA microgel support bath methacrylation degree and cell-only bioink dispensing parameters on tissue formation, remodeling, structure and strength was investigated. We hypothesized that reducing dispensing tip diameter from 27 G (210 μm) to 30 G (159 μm) for cell-only bioink dispensing would reduce tissue wall thickness and improve the consistency of tissue dimensions while maintaining cell viability. Printing with 30 G tips resulted in decreased mean wall thickness (318.6 μm) without compromising mean cell viability (94.8%). Histological analysis of cell-only smooth muscle tissues cultured for 14 d in OMA support baths exhibited decreased wall thickness using 30 G dispensing tips, which correlated with increased collagen deposition and alignment. In addition, a TUNEL assay indicated a decrease in cell death in tissues printed with thinner (30 G) dispensing tips. Mechanical testing demonstrated that tissues printed with a 30 G dispensing tip exhibit an increase in ultimate tensile strength compared to those printed with a 27 G dispensing tip. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of precise control over bioprinting parameters to generate mechanically robust tissues when using cell-only bioinks dispensed and cultured within hydrogel support baths. The ability to control print dimensions using cell-only bioinks may enable bioprinting of more complex soft tissue geometries to generate in vitro tissue models.
Effect of viscosity of gelatin methacryloyl-based bioinks on bone cells
Authors: Rashad Ahmad , Gomez Alejandro , Gangrade Ankit , Zehtabi Fatemeh , Mandal Kalpana , Maity Surjendu , Ma Changyu , Li Bingbing , Khademhosseini Ali , de Barros Natan Roberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The viscosity of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks generates shear stresses throughout the printing process that can affect cell integrity, reduce cell viability, cause morphological changes, and alter cell functionality. This study systematically investigated the impact of the viscosity of GelMA-gelatin bioinks on osteoblast-like cells in 2D and 3D culture conditions. Three bioinks with low, medium, and high viscosity prepared by supplementing a 5% GelMA solution with different concentrations of gelatin were evaluated. Cell responses were studied in a 2D environment after printing and incubation in non-cross-linked bioinks that caused the gelatin and GelMA to dissolve and release cells for attachment to tissue culture plates. The increased viscosity of the bioinks significantly affected cell area and aspect ratio. Cells printed using the bioink with medium viscosity exhibited greater metabolic activity and proliferation rate than those printed using the high viscosity bioink and even the unprinted control cells. Additionally, cells printed using the bioink with high viscosity demonstrated notably elevated expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein-2 genes. In the 3D condition, the printed cell-laden hydrogels were photo-cross-linked prior to incubation. The medium viscosity bioink supported greater cell proliferation compared to the high viscosity bioink. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of osteogenic markers between the medium and high viscosity bioinks. Therefore, the choice between medium and high viscosity bioinks should be based on the desired outcomes and objectives of the bone tissue engineering application. Furthermore, the bioprinting procedure with the medium viscosity bioink was used as an automated technique for efficiently seeding cells onto 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering purposes.