bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and innervation of putative peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the red‐eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Reyes Catalina , Fong Angelina Y. , Milsom William K. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPeripheral arterial chemoreceptors have been isolated to the common carotid artery, aorta, and pulmonary artery of turtles. However, the putative neurotransmitters associated with these chemoreceptors have not yet been described. The goal of the present study was to determine the neurochemical content, innervations, and distribution of putative oxygen‐sensing cells in the central vasculature of turtles and to derive homologies with peripheral arterial chemoreceptors of other vertebrates. We used tract tracing together with immunohistochemical markers for cholinergic cells (vesicular acetylcholine transporter [VAChT]), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis), and serotonin (5HT) to identify putative oxygen‐sensing cells and to determine their anatomical relation to branches of the vagus nerve (Xth cranial nerve). We found potential oxygen‐sensing cells in all three chemosensory areas innervated by branches of the Xth cranial nerve. Cells containing either 5HT or VAChT were found in all three sites. The morphology and size of these cells resemble glomus cells found in amphibians, mammals, tortoises, and lizards. Furthermore, we found populations of cholinergic cells located at the base of the aorta and pulmonary artery that are likely involved in efferent regulation of vessel resistance. Catecholamine‐containing cells were not found in any of the putative chemosensitive areas. The presence of 5HT‐ and VAChT‐immunoreactive cells in segments of the common carotid artery, aorta, and pulmonary artery appears to reflect a transition between cells containing the major neurotransmitters seen in fish (5HT) and mammals (ACh and adenosine). J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1399–1418, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the DFT Ground State of Crystalline Bromine and Iodine
Authors: George Janine , Reimann Christoph , Deringer Volker L. , Bredow Thomas , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report on an erroneous ground state within common density functional theory (DFT) methods for the solid elements bromine and iodine. Phonon computations at the GGA level for both molecular crystals yield imaginary vibrational modes, erroneously indicating dynamic instability—that fact alone could easily pass as a computational artefact, but these imaginary modes lead to energetically more favorable and dynamically stable structures, made up of infinite monoatomic chains. In contrast, meta‐GGA and hybrid functionals yield the correct energetic order for bromine, while for iodine, most global hybrids do not improve the GGA result significantly. The qualitatively correct answer, in both cases, is given by the long‐range corrected hybrid LC‐ωPBE, the Minnesota functionals M06L and M06, and by periodic Hartree–Fock and MP2 theory. This poor performance of economic DFT functionals should be kept in mind, for example, during global structure optimizations of systems with significant contributions from halogen bonds.
Summary of basic science activities at the European Society of Cardiology Congress in Barcelona 2014
Authors: Thum Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWith >35 000 participants, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) congress was one of the biggest ESC events ever and basic science activities were well implemented. I here summarize the basic science activities during the congress. This includes a section ‘Basic science activities in a nutshell’ summarizing the most important sessions as well as ‘Emerging science activities in the ESC’ section with special focus on novel research fields such as the characterization of long non‐coding RNAs in cardiovascular research.
T‐cell receptors: Tugging on the anchor for a tighter hold on the tumor‐associated peptide
Authors: Dyson Julian 
Published: January 2015

Although it has been shown that human tumor‐associated, HLA anchor residue modified “heteroclitic” peptides may induce stronger immune responses than wild‐type peptides in cancer vaccine trials, it has also been shown that some T cells primed with these heteroclitic peptides subsequently fail to recognize the natural, tumor‐expressed peptide efficiently. This may provide a molecular reason for why clinical trials of these peptides have been thus far unsuccessful. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Madura et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 584–591] highlight a novel twist on T‐cell receptor (TCR) recognition of HLA–peptide complexes. Tumor‐associated peptides often lack canonical anchor residues, which can be substituted for the optimal residue to improve their antigenicity. T‐cell cross‐reactivity between the natural and modified (heteroclitic) peptides is essential for this approach to work and depends on whether the anchor residue substitution influences peptide conformation. The Melan‐A/MART‐126‐35 peptide epitope is an example where T cells can make this distinction, with the natural peptide stimulating higher affinity CD8+ T cells than the heteroclitic peptide, despite the heteroclitic peptide's more stable association with HLA‐A2. The molecular basis for peptide discrimination is identified through the structure of the TCR bound to the natural peptide; TCR engagement of the natural peptide “lifts” its amino‐terminus partly away from the HLA peptide binding groove, forming a higher affinity interface with the TCR than is formed with the anchor residue “optimized” heteroclitic peptide, which cannot be “pulled” from the HLA groove.
Synthesis of the Azaoxoaporphine Alkaloid Sampangine and Ascididemin‐Type Pyridoacridines through TMPMgCl·LiCl‐Mediated Ring Closure
Authors: Plodek Alois , König Mathias , Bracher Franz 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the azaoxoaporphine alkaloid sampangine (4) and a series of ring A analogues and isomers of the marine pyridoacridine alkaloid ascididemin (2). This approach starts from readily available 1‐bromo[2,7]naphthyridine (12) or 4‐bromobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine (5), and the ring A scaffold bearing an ester moiety is introduced by a Suzuki or Negishi cross‐coupling reaction. The final cyclization step was achieved through a directed remote ring metallation with the Knochel–Hauser base (TMPMgCl·LiCl; TMP = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl), followed by intramolecular trapping of the ester group.
Ground motion selection for scenario ruptures using the generalised conditional intensity measure (GCIM) method
Authors: Tarbali Karim , Bradley Brendon A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the generalised conditional intensity measure (GCIM) method is extended to ground motion selection for scenario earthquake ruptures. The selection algorithm is based on generating random realisations of the considered intensity measure (IM) distributions for a specific rupture scenario and then finding the prospective ground motions that best fit the realisations using an optimal amplitude scale factor. Using different rupture scenarios and site conditions, two important aspects of the GCIM methodology are scrutinised: (i) different weight vectors for the various IMs considered and (ii) quantifying the importance of replicate selections for ensembles with different numbers of desired ground motions. It is demonstrated that considering only spectral acceleration (SA) ordinates in the selection process, as is common in many conventional selection procedures, may result in selected motions with a biased representation for duration and cumulative ground motion effects. In contrast, considering IMs other than SA ordinates (in particular, significant duration, cumulative absolute velocity, and Arias intensity) results in ensembles with an appropriate representation of these IMs, without a practically significant effect on SA ordinates. The benefit of conducting replicate selections to obtain a suite of motions with an improved representation for the distribution of the considered IMs is demonstrated, and a minimum number of replicates are suggested for different ground motion ensemble sizes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of the initiation of post‐wildfire runoff during rainstorms using in situ overland flow detectors
Authors: Moody John A. , Martin Richard G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOverland flow detectors (OFDs) were deployed in 2012 on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire near Boulder, Colorado, USA. These detectors were simple, electrical resistor‐type instruments that output a voltage (0–2·5 V) and were designed to measure and record the time of runoff initiation, a signal proportional to water depth, and the runoff hydrograph during natural convective rainstorms.Initiation of runoff was found to be spatially complex and began at different times in different locations on the hillslope. Runoff started first at upstream detectors 56% of the time, at the mid‐stream detectors 6%, and at the downstream detectors 38% of the time. Initiation of post‐wildfire runoff depended on the time‐to‐ponding, travel time between points, and the time to fill surface depression storage. These times ranged from 0·5–54, 0·4–1·1, and 0·2–14 minutes, respectively, indicating the importance of the ponding process in controlling the initiation of runoff at this site. Time‐to‐ponding was modeled as a function of the rainfall acceleration (i.e. the rate of change of rainfall intensity) and either the cumulative rainfall at the start of runoff or the soil–water deficit.Measurements made by the OFDs provided physical insight into the spatial and temporal initiation of post‐wildfire runoff during unsteady flow in response to time varying natural rainfall. They also provided data that can be telemetered and used to determine critical input parameters for hydrologic rainfall–runoff models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of titanium dioxide nanoparticle phototoxicity: Developing a phototoxicity ratio to correct the endpoint values of toxicity tests
Authors: Jovanović Boris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are photoactive and produce reactive oxygen species under natural sunlight. Reactive oxygen species can be detrimental to many organisms, causing oxidative damage, cell injury, and death. Most studies investigating TiO2 nanoparticle toxicity did not consider photoactivation and performed tests either in dark conditions or under artificial lighting that did not simulate natural irradiation. The present study summarizes the literature and derives a phototoxicity ratio between the results of nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) experiments conducted in the absence of sunlight and those conducted under solar or simulated solar radiation (SSR) for aquatic species. Therefore, the phototoxicity ratio can be used to correct endpoints of the toxicity tests with nano-TiO2 that were performed in absence of sunlight. Such corrections also may be important for regulators and risk assessors when reviewing previously published data. A significant difference was observed between the phototoxicity ratios of 2 distinct groups: aquatic species belonging to order Cladocera, and all other aquatic species. Order Cladocera appeared very sensitive and prone to nano-TiO2 phototoxicity. On average nano-TiO2 was 20 times more toxic to non-Cladocera and 1867 times more toxic to Cladocera (median values 3.3 and 24.7, respectively) after illumination. Both median value and 75% quartile of the phototoxicity ratio are chosen as the most practical values for the correction of endpoints of nano-TiO2 toxicity tests that were performed in dark conditions, or in the absence of sunlight. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1070–1077. © 2015 The Author. Published by SETAC.
Identifying outcome predictors of transoral laser cordectomy for early glottic cancer
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Hans Stéphane , Sadoughi Babak , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of outcomes in patients with early glottic cancer treated by transoral laser cordectomy.MethodsThis was an inception cohort study of 201 patients with early glottic cancer who were treated by transoral laser cordectomy. Five‐year Kaplan–Meier analyses were realized.ResultsPatients with anterior commissure involvement (n = 75) had a significantly lower disease‐free survival (DFS) rate (54.6% vs 79.8%; p = .0004), ultimate local control with laser alone rate (71.0% vs 95.7%; p <  .0001), laryngeal preservation rate (91.6% vs 100%; p = .0003), and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rate (90.8% vs 99.0%; p = .03). There was no significant difference in overall‐survival (OS) rates (76.9% vs 88.5%; p = .29). Surgical margin status was not found to be a significant predictor of outcomes in this series.ConclusionAlthough anterior commissure involvement has a significant impact on outcomes, laser cordectomy remains a valuable option considering its high organ preservation and survival rates. In cases of local recurrence, all standard further treatment options remain available. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E406–E411, 2015
Interactive effect between Cu‐adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biotreated agrowaste residue to improve the nutritional status of Oenothera picensis growing in Cu‐polluted soils
Authors: Meier Sebastián , Cornejo Pablo , Cartes Paula , Borie Fernando , Medina Jorge , Azcón Rosario 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe interactive effect of sugar beet (SB) agrowaste and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation in response to increasing Cu levels was evaluated in the metallophyte Oenothera picensis. Plants were grown in a Cu‐added soil (0, 100, or 500 mg Cu kg−1), in presence or absence of SB, and inoculated with: (1) indigenous Cu adapted mycorrhiza (IM) isolated from Cu‐polluted soils; (2) Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC); or (3) maintained uninoculated (control). Sugar beet application produced an increase in shoot biomass of 2 to 7 times, improving plant nutritional status and allowing their survival at the highest Cu concentrations. Moreover, AM fungi utilization had a positive effect promoting the plant establishment; nevertheless, Cu plant concentration as well as the mycorrhizal development in terms of AM colonization, AM spore density, and glomalin production were strictly dependent of the AM fungi strains used. Remarkable differences between AM fungi strains were observed at the highest soil Cu level where only plants colonized by IM were able to survive and grow when no SB residue was added. An interactive effect between AM fungi and SB produced a higher plant growth than plants without the amendment application, improving the plant establishment and allowing their survival at highest copper concentrations, suggesting that this combination could be used as a biotechnological tool for the phytoremediation of Cu‐polluted soils.
Antioxidant activity and high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds during in vitro callus culture of Plantago ovata Forsk. and effect of exogenous additives on accumulation of phenolic compounds
Authors: Talukder Pratik , Talapatra Shonima , Ghoshal Nirmalya , Sen Raychaudhuri Sarmistha 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlantago ovata, commonly called psyllium, is known to be a rich source of polyphenolic compounds. The present study was aimed at determining polyphenol content and studying their antioxidant activities in P. ovata during in vitro callus culture. An attempt was also made to enhance polyphenol content using external additives. The role of PAL gene in polyphenol accumulation was also studied.RESULTSThe study indicated the presence of significant amounts of polyphenols, including flavonoids, in P. ovata callus. A gradual increase in polyphenol and flavonoid content was observed up to the third passage (63 days) of callus culture, which declined at the next passage. The third‐passage callus showed highest antioxidant activity. High‐performance liquid chromatographic results indicated the presence of high amounts of gallic acid and rutin in P. ovata calli; however, other polyphenols were also present but to a lesser extent. Additive supplementation was effective in enhancing polyphenol production and in increasing antioxidant activity in P. ovata callus.CONCLUSIONThe present research reported accumulation of polyphenols in callus culture of P. ovata, which could be applied to isolation of polyphenols for various beneficial purposes. It also indicated enhancement in the production of several polyphenols and also an increase in antioxidant activity in the additive‐treated callus. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Post mortem rigor development in the Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) breast muscle (pectoralis): factors which may affect the tenderness
Authors: Geldenhuys Greta , Muller Nina , Frylinck Lorinda , Hoffman Louwrens C 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBaseline research on the toughness of Egyptian goose meat is required. This study therefore investigates the post mortem pH and temperature decline (15 min–4 h 15 min post mortem) in the pectoralis muscle (breast portion) of this gamebird species. It also explores the enzyme activity of the Ca2+‐dependent protease (calpain system) and the lysosomal cathepsins during the rigor mortis period.RESULTSNo differences were found for any of the variables between genders. The pH decline in the pectoralis muscle occurs quite rapidly (c = −0.806; ultimate pH ∼5.86) compared with other species and it is speculated that the high rigor temperature (>20 °C) may contribute to the increased toughness. No calpain I was found in Egyptian goose meat and the µ/m‐calpain activity remained constant during the rigor period, while a decrease in calpastatin activity was observed. The cathepsin B, B & L and H activity increased over the rigor period.CONCLUSIONFurther research into the connective tissue content and myofibrillar breakdown during aging is required in order to know if the proteolytic enzymes do in actual fact contribute to tenderisation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Flat panel detector based on a shadow mask plasma display panel
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Tu Yan , Yang Lanlan , Tolner Harm 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA flat panel detector based on the structure of a shadow mask plasma display panel is analyzed in terms of the electron amplification factor when used in the Townsend mode. The detector consists of a metal shadow mask and two ultra‐thin glass substrates with electrodes depositing on them. The shadow mask divides the detecting area into arrays of independent cells. The electron gain and linearity of the device are investigated by simulation based on the particle‐in‐cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Similar experiments are carried out. Both experimental and simulation results show that the linearity of the detector is significant. The applied voltages and the effective cathode area are parameters affecting its gain. As the avalanche process in the center of the cell with small electric field strength is much smaller than that near the shadow mask edge, the gain increases exponentially with the anode voltage but decreases with the negative shadow mask voltage. The balance between effective cathode area and high electric field intensity near the shadow mask edge provides room for future optimization of the detector. In conclusion, the flat panel detector is a promising component in a detection system for high energy radiation, and the wide application of the device is expected.
What Makes a Human Brand Authentic? Identifying the Antecedents of Celebrity Authenticity
Authors: Moulard Julie Guidry , Garrity Carolyn Popp , Rice Dan Hamilton 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWhile authenticity has received considerable attention in the marketing literature, the factors that influence the perceived authenticity of a celebrity's “human brand” have remained unexplored. This research fills this void by identifying the antecedents of celebrity authenticity, defined as the perception that a celebrity behaves according to his or her true self. Based on a qualitative analysis of an open‐ended survey completed by 218 adults and on previous authenticity literature and attribution theory, the authors propose two antecedents of celebrity authenticity—rarity and stability—that are each composed of three sub‐dimensions. Analyses of cross‐sectional survey data from a sample of 428 adults provide support for the hypotheses that stability and rarity positively influence celebrity authenticity. Additionally, based on aging stability theory, the authors predict and demonstrate that the effects of rarity and stability on celebrity authenticity are moderated by age.
Near‐infrared imaging for the assessment of anastomotic patency, thrombosis, and reperfusion in microsurgery: A pilot study in a porcine model
Authors: Vargas Christina R. , Nguyen John T. , Ashitate Yoshitomo , Silvestre Jason , Venugopal Vivek , Neacsu Florin , Kettenring Frank , Frangioni John V. , Gioux Sylvain , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAdvances in microsurgical techniques have increased the use of free tissue transfer. Methods of intraoperative flap perfusion assessment, however, still rely primarily on subjective evaluation of traditional clinical parameters. Anastomotic thrombosis, if not expeditiously identified and revised, can result in flap loss with significant associated morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the use of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging in the assessment of microsurgical anastomotic patency, thrombosis, and vascular revision.Materials and MethodsA model of pedicle thrombosis was created using bilateral abdominal flaps isolated on deep superior epigastric vascular pedicles in four Yorkshire pigs. Following flap elevation, microvascular arterial and venous anastomoses were performed unilaterally, preserving an intact contralateral control flap. Thrombosis was induced at the arterial anastomosis site using ferric chloride, and both flaps imaged using NIR fluorescence angiography. The thrombosed vascular segments were subsequently excised and new anastomoses performed to restore flow. Follow‐up imaging of both flaps was then obtained to confirm patency using fluorescence imaging technology.ResultsPedicled abdominal flaps were created and successful anastomotic thrombosis was induced unilaterally in each pig. Fluorescence imaging technology identified large decreases in tissue perfusion of the thrombosed flap within 2 minutes. After successful revision anastomosis, NIR imaging demonstrated dramatic increase in flow to the reconstructed flap, but intensity did not return to pre‐thrombosis levels.ConclusionsEarly identification of anastomotic thrombosis is important in successful free tissue transfer. Real‐time, intraoperative evaluation of flap perfusion, anastomotic thrombosis, and successful revision can be performed using NIR fluorescence imaging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:309–314, 2015.