bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Irrigation Scheduling, Irrigation Control and Drip Line Layout to Increase Water Productivity and Profit in Subsurface Drip‐Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Seidel S. J. , Schütze N. , Fahle M. , Mailhol J.‐C. , Ruelle P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new optimization framework is presented which is able to identify optimal solutions for maximum profit design of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems under limited supply. To solve this complex optimization problem, decomposition is used which splits the problem into three sub‐problems: (i) optimal irrigation control, which maximizes water distribution uniformity and minimizes percolation losses; (ii) optimal irrigation scheduling, which minimizes irrigation water applied in order to meet a high yield with a specified reliability; and (iii) optimal drip line layout, which includes the solutions of the other sub‐problems and maximizes profitability. The multi‐level optimization framework was tested in France with corn cultivated on two SDI plots with drip line spacing of 1.2 m (SDI120) and 1.6 m (SDI160), respectively. HYDRUS simulations estimated adequate irrigation amounts of 20–35 mm per event. For optimal irrigation scheduling, initial schedules were provided at sowing and adapted weekly according to observed weather data and synthetic weather scenarios. The presented framework significantly increased profit and water productivity for deficit SDI designs. The latter was increased up to 30% (SDI120), compared to seven other irrigation experiments. The optimal SDI design was achieved by SDI160, which increased profitability by 27% compared to SDI120. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient succinic acid production by engineered Escherichia coli using ammonia as neutralizer
Authors: Wu Ming‐ke , Guan Zhao , Wang Ya‐jie , Ma Jiang‐feng , Wu Hao , Jiang Min 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmmonia is a potential neutralizer for bio‐based succinic acid production, however, low resistance of Escherichia coli to high concentrations of ammonium inhibit its application. Thus, combined adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with pyruvate carboxylase gene over‐expression was utilized to obtain an ammonium‐tolerant E. coli for efficient succinic acid production.RESULTSMutant E. coli AM060 was obtained by adaptive laboratory evolution. Fermentation results showed that the specific growth rate of recombinant was 0.67‐fold faster than BER208. Metabolites analysis of fed‐batch fermentation demonstrated that 47 g L−1 glucose was consumed and 27.33 g L−1 succinic acid was produced, which was 0.68‐ and 0.81‐fold higher than with BER208. Key enzyme activities analysis showed that the specific enzyme activities involved in nitrogen assimilation, glucose uptake and ATP supply were all increased. Furthermore, E. coli AM060/pTrc99a‐pyc was constructed to reduce the pyruvic acid accumulation and final succinic acid production increased to 33.14 g L−1 with a mass yield of 0.69 g g−1.CONCLUSIONSimultaneous utilization of ALE and a metabolic engineering strategy was effective in obtaining a highly efficient succinic acid‐producing strain using ammonia as neutralizer, and the improved ammonium resistance was attributed to the enhanced nitrogen assimilation capability, glucose uptake rate and intracellular ATP supply. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A simple and effective method for linking field investigations of earthworms and water infiltration rate into soil at pedon‐scale
Authors: Emmerling Christoph , Rassier Kirstin M. , Schneider Raimund 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEarthworm density and activity may significantly contribute, amongst others, to soil physical properties such as water infiltration rate and permeability, and thus provide a desirable ecosystem service. In environmental field studies, investigations of the two soil physical properties are highly recommended. In practice, they are carried out separately in terms of time and space and, therefore, are typically closely connected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the feasibility of a combined investigation of earthworm population and infiltration rate in soil in field studies. The idea was to use an aqueous solution of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a double‐ring cylinder for simultaneous measurements at the same pedon and, thus, without any spatio‐temporal deviation. Tap water was used as a control for the infiltration measurements with AITC. Another aim was to evaluate the plausibility of earthworm data received from those combined investigations. This was tested for some arable and grassland soils derived from various parent materials in W‐Germany differing in soil chemical and physical properties. Infiltration rates of AITC in soil were not significant different from tap water, neither for the different soils nor different land‐uses and at the different study sites. Earthworm population data revealed from AITC application with a double‐ring cylinder equipment were realistic and in line with previous investigations in the respected study area. Pearson correlation coefficient between earthworm biomass and infiltration rate of AITC was medium (R2= 0.363).
In vivo biomechanical properties of heavy versus light weight monofilament polypropylene meshes. Does the knitting pattern matter?
Authors: Bigozzi Miguel Angel , Provenzano Sergio , Maeda Fernando , Palma Paulo , Riccetto Cassio 
Published: October 2015

AimsThis work evaluated the post‐implant biomechanical properties of light‐weight (LW) and heavy‐weight (HW) monofilament polypropylene (PP) meshes with different knitting patterns in an animal model in vivo.MethodsForty‐five adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups and randomly implanted with 32 × 32 mm HW‐PP (62 gm−2) orLW‐PP (16 gm−2) in the lower abdomen. LW‐PPwas tested orthogonally (called LWL and LWT) to reproduce the longitudinal and transverse planes of the vaginal wall, respectively. Abdominal walls were removed at 7, 30, and 60 days, and then tested for tensile load (maximum load until avulsion from the tissue), deflection, and stiffness to maximum load. Explants were compared over time and between groups.ResultsLW–PP meshes implanted in the LWT fashion (vaginal transverse plane) showed comparable maximum load and stiffness to HW–PP meshes, and LW–PP meshes implanted in the LWL fashion (vaginal longitudinal plane) presented lower maximum load and stiffness than the HW–PP meshes. There were no significant differences in the values of deflection at maximum load between the studied meshes as a function of time.ConclusionsThe final mechanical behavior of PP mesh can be changed by its weight and knitting pattern. These properties may be useful in making more biocompatible prostheses for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with less foreign material to maintain longitudinal vaginal elasticity and minimize sexual symptoms while maintaining transverse resistance (i.e., between vaginal fornixes) to prevent POP recurrence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:73–79, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GGPPS‐mediated Rab27A geranylgeranylation regulates β cell dysfunction during type 2 diabetes development by affecting insulin granule docked pool formation
Authors: Jiang Shan , Shen Di , Jia Wen‐Jun , Han Xiao , Shen Ning , Tao Weiwei , Gao Xiang , Xue Bin , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLoss of first‐phase insulin secretion associated with β cell dysfunction is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. Here we found that a critical enzyme involved in protein prenylation, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS), is required to maintain first‐phase insulin secretion. GGPPS shows a biphasic expression pattern in islets of db/db mice during the progression of T2DM: GGPPS is increased during the insulin compensatory period, followed by a decrease during β cell dysfunction. Ggpps deletion in β cells results in typical T2DM β cell dysfunction, with blunted glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and consequent insulin secretion insufficiency. However, the number and size of islets and insulin biosynthesis are unaltered. Transmission electron microscopy shows a reduced number of insulin granules adjacent to the cellular membrane, suggesting a defect in docked granule pool formation, while the reserve pool is unaffected. Ggpps ablation depletes GGPP and impairs Rab27A geranylgeranylation, which is responsible for the docked pool deficiency in Ggpps‐null mice. Moreover, GGPPS re‐expression or GGPP administration restore glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in Ggpps‐null islets. These results suggest that GGPPS‐controlled protein geranylgeranylation, which regulates formation of the insulin granule docked pool, is critical for β cell function and insulin release during the development of T2DM. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐bromo‐hydantoin grafted polystyrene beads: Synthesis and nano‐micro beads characteristics for achieving controlled release of active oxidative bromine and extended microbial inactivation efficiency
Authors: Farah Shady , Aviv Oren , Daif Mahran , Reddy Kunduru Konda , Laout Natalia , Ratner Stanislav , Beyth Nurit , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTN‐bromo‐hydantoin and N‐bromo‐5,5′‐dimethylhydantoin conjugated polystyrene beads were synthesized from chloromethyl polystyrene beads which differ in their particles size, crosslinking, nano‐micro porosity, and tunnels size on the surface, in order to study the effect of these parameters on oxidative halogen release and resultant activity, for water purification applications. The synthesized beads were characterized using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, solid state 13C‐NMR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conjugation yield and kinetics in different solvents and bromine loading capacity were studied. The N‐bromoamine polystyrene beads were tested for water decontamination according to NSF 231 protocol. The release of active bromine was analyzed by spectrophotometer using a DPD‐1 kit and also studied the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and MS2 phages. Bead's nano‐micro characteristics were found critical for oxidative halogen release control: rate stabilization and modulation, extension and also influences antimicrobial activity. The synthesized beads exhibited extended and stable release of bromine, 6 and 4 log reduction for E. coli and MS2, respectively for 250 L of passing contaminated water. Thus, N‐halamine hydantoins conjugated polystyrenes, chemically or kinetically release modified should have applications as disinfectants in water purification systems as well as medical field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 596–610
Spatial clusters of child lower respiratory illnesses associated with community‐level risk factors
Authors: Beamer Paloma I. , Lothrop Nathan , Lu Zhenqiang , Ascher Rebecca , Ernst Kacey , Stern Debra A. , Billheimer Dean , Wright Anne L. , Martinez Fernando D. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIdentifying geographic areas with increased incidence of disease may elucidate community‐level risk factors for intervention development. Lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs) are the leading cause of death in children and are associated with other morbidities. We assessed geographic clustering of LRIs and evaluated if these spatial patterns and associated risk factors differed by phenotype. Participants enrolled at birth in the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study were followed through age three for physician diagnosed LRIs. Spatial clustering analysis, based upon each participant's birth address, was performed for four LRI phenotypes. We conducted principal component analysis at the census tract level to generate indices for lower socioeconomic status (SES), poorer housing conditions, and increased air pollution. Enrollment addresses were mapped for 812 subjects, of whom 58.4%, 33.5%, 34.2%, and 23.4% had any LRI, a wheezing LRI, a viral LRI, and a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) LRI, respectively. Patterns of spatial clustering and associated risk factors differed by LRI phenotype. Multivariable regression analyses showed that wheezing LRI clusters were associated with increased air pollution (OR = 1.18, P = 0.01). Being in a viral cluster was associated with poorer housing conditions (OR = 1.28, P = 0.01), while being in a RSV cluster was associated with increased air pollution (OR = 1.14, P = 0.006), poorer housing conditions (OR = 1.54, P = 0.003), and higher SES (OR = 0.77, P = 0.001). Our use of social and environmental indices allowed us to identify broad contextual factors that may contribute to increased incidence of LRIs in specific geographic regions. To reduce LRI incidence, multifaceted interventions should be developed at the community level. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:633–642. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of carbonate extraction in analyzing moderately hydrophobic transmembrane proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane
Authors: Kim Hayoung , Botelho Salomé Calado , Park Kwangjin , Kim Hyun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractResistance to sodium carbonate extraction is regarded as a canonical way to distinguish integral membrane proteins (MPs) from other membrane‐associated proteins. However, it has been observed that carbonate extraction releases some mitochondrial integral MPs. Here, by analyzing both artificially designed and native mitochondrial inner MPs containing transmembrane domains (TMDs) of different hydrophobicities, we show that carbonate treatment can release moderately hydrophobic TMDs from the mitochondrial inner membrane. These results suggest that resistance and sensitivity to carbonate extraction may be interpreted with caution when analyzing the nature of mitochondrial inner MPs.
Imaging normal and cancerous human gastric muscular layer in transverse and longitudinal sections by multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Zhou Yi , Kang Deyong , Yang Zhenrong , Li Lianhuang , Zhuo Shuangmu , Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhou Yongjian , Chen Jianxin 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMultiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) has been widely used for imaging microstructure of biological tissues. In this article, we used MPM to investigate the microstructure changes of normal and cancerous human gastric muscular layer in transverse and longitudinal sections. The results displayed different patterns of microstructure changes of smooth muscular tissue, cell morphology and interstitial fibers in transverse and longitudinal sections, being similar to standard histopathological images but without the need for tissue processing. Our study demonstrated that MPM can bring more detailed complementary information on tissue architecture through observing transverse and longitudinal sections of tissues, which are the important pathological information when the pathologists diagnose the gastrointestinal lesions. These observations indicate that MPM could be an important potential tool to provide real‐time pathological diagnosis for gastric cancer in the future. SCANNING 38:357–364, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid digital image watermarking algorithm based on DCT‐DWT and auto‐thresholding
Authors: Al‐maweri Nasr addin Ahmed Salem , Wan Adnan Wan Azizun , Ramli Abd Rahman , Samsudin Khairulmizam , Syed Ahmad Sharifah Mumtazah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMultimedia evolution in the current era has given digital images security and privacy a great concern. Digital image watermarking is used to produce highly protected images in order to promote secure and protected exchange over the network and between individuals. In this paper, a robust algorithm for digital image watermarking is proposed based on a hybrid watermarking and auto‐thresholding. This algorithm is designed to embed the watermarks in the transform domain using both discrete cosine transform and discrete wavelet transform (DCT‐DWT). Image is transformed to DCT then to DWT and the algorithm trains itself to choose the best embedding threshold. This threshold must satisfy a performance trade‐off and at the same time attains high imperceptibility and robustness. The algorithm performance is evaluated under various attacks and showed high‐performance level. Imperceptibility evaluation showed peak signal‐to‐noise ratio above 42.96 dB and similarity percentage above 99.27%. The algorithm proved high resistance to noising, scaling, cropping, rotation, and compression attacks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineer/scientist careers: Patents, online profiles, and misclassification bias
Authors: Ge Chunmian , Huang Ke‐Wei , Png Ivan P. L. 
Published: October 2015

Research summary: This article applies data from LinkedIn to advance strategy research into the effect of human capital on mobility of engineers and scientists. Through an inventor survey, we show that LinkedIn provides more accurate career histories than patents. Compared to LinkedIn, patent measures of mobility generate 12 percent false positives and 83 percent false negatives. Using LinkedIn, we review findings from previous research using patents to track the effect of human capital on mobility. One previous finding is robust: that mobility is higher in Silicon Valley than elsewhere. Other findings are possibly sensitive to the measure of mobility or sample selection. We interpret our results as the outcome of targeted retention of human capital. Data for this study may be accessed at FIVE, five.dartmouth.edu.Managerial summary: How does the mobility of engineers and scientists depend on their human capital? Previous research used patents to track inventor mobility and concluded that employers targeted inventors for recruitment by their human capital. Here, we introduce data from LinkedIn to review the previous research. Through an inventor survey, we show that LinkedIn provides more accurate career histories than patents. Compared to LinkedIn, patent measures of mobility generate 12 percent false positives and 82 percent false negatives. Among the previous findings, we show that one is robust: mobility is higher among inventors in Silicon Valley than elsewhere. Other findings are possibly sensitive to the measure of mobility or sample selection. Our results suggest that current employers target engineers and scientists for retention according to their human capital. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PDGFR-β Plays a Key Role in the Ectopic Migration of Neuroblasts in Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Sato Hikari , Ishii Yoko , Yamamoto Seiji , Azuma Erika , Takahashi Yoriko , Hamashima Takeru , Umezawa Akihiro , Mori Hisashi , Kuroda Satoshi , Endo Shunro , Sasahara Masakiyo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The neuroprotective agents and induction of endogenous neurogenesis remain to be the urgent issues to be established for the care of cerebral stroke. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) is mainly expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), neurons and vascular pericytes of the brain; however, the role in pathological neurogenesis remains elusive. To this end, we examined the role of PDGFR-β in the migration and proliferation of NSPCs after stroke. A transient middle cerebral-arterial occlusion (MCAO) was introduced into the mice with conditional Pdgfrb-gene inactivation, including N-PRβ-KO mice where the Pdgfrb-gene was mostly inactivated in the brain except that in vascular pericytes, and E-PRβ-KO mice with tamoxifen-induced systemic Pdgfrb-gene inactivation. The migration of the DCX+ neuroblasts from the subventricular zone toward the ischemic core was highly increased in N-PRβ-KO, but not in E-PRβ-KO as compared to Pdgfrb-gene preserving control mice. We showed that CXCL12, a potent chemoattractant for CXCR4-expressing NSPCs, was upregulated in the ischemic lesion of N-PRβ-KO mice. Furthermore, integrin α3 intrinsically expressed in NSPCs that critically mediates extracellular matrix-dependent migration, was upregulated in N-PRβ-KO after MCAO. NSPCs isolated from N-PRβ-KO rapidly migrated on the surface coated with collagen type IV or fibronectin that are abundant in vascular niche and ischemic core. PDGFR-β was suggested to be critically involved in pathological neurogenesis through the regulation of lesion-derived chemoattractant as well as intrinsic signal of NSPCs, and we believe that a coordinated regulation of these molecular events may be able to improve neurogenesis in injured brain for further functional recovery.
Investigation of wake interaction using full‐scale lidar measurements and large eddy simulation
Authors: Machefaux E. , Larsen G. C. , Troldborg N. , Hansen Kurt. S. , Angelou N. , Mikkelsen T. , Mann J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, wake interaction resulting from two stall regulated turbines aligned with the incoming wind is studied experimentally and numerically. The experimental work is based on a full‐scale remote sensing campaign involving three nacelle mounted scanning lidars. A thorough analysis and interpretation of the measurements is performed to overcome either the lack of or the poor calibration of relevant turbine operational sensors, as well as other uncertainties inherent in resolving wakes from full‐scale experiments. The numerical work is based on the in‐house EllipSys3D computational fluid dynamics flow solver, using large eddy simulation and fully turbulent inflow. The rotors are modelled using the actuator disc technique. A mutual validation of the computational fluid dynamics model with the measurements is conducted for a selected dataset, where wake interaction occurs. This validation is based on a comparison between wake deficit, wake generated turbulence, turbine power production and thrust force. An excellent agreement between measurement and simulation is seen in both the fixed and the meandering frame of reference. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased ethanol production by deletion of HAP4 in recombinant xylose-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Matsushika Akinori , Hoshino Tamotsu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAP4 gene encodes a transcription activator that plays a key role in controlling the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and reductive pathways. This work examines the effect of knockout of the HAP4 gene on aerobic ethanol production in a xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae strain. A hap4-deleted recombinant yeast strain (B42-DHAP4) showed increased maximum concentration, production rate, and yield of ethanol compared with the reference strain MA-B42, irrespective of cultivation medium (glucose, xylose, or glucose/xylose mixtures). Notably, B42-DHAP4 was capable of producing ethanol from xylose as the sole carbon source under aerobic conditions, whereas no ethanol was produced by MA-B42. Moreover, the rate of ethanol production and ethanol yield (0.44 g/g) from the detoxified hydrolysate of wood chips was markedly improved in B42-DHAP4 compared to MA-B42. Thus, the results of this study support the view that deleting HAP4 in xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae strains represents a useful strategy in ethanol production processes.