bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Crowded Trophic Niche Space in a Novel Reservoir Fish Assemblage: How Many is Too Many?
Authors: Winters Lisa K. , Budy Phaedra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn highly managed reservoir systems, species interactions within novel fish assemblages can be difficult to predict. In high‐elevation Scofield Reservoir in Utah the unintentional introduction of Utah Chub Gila atraria and subsequent population expansion prompted a shift from stocking exclusively Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to include tiger trout (female Brown Trout Salmo trutta × male Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) and Bonneville Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii utah, which composed a novel suite of top predators and potential competitors. We examined the interspecific interactions among Scofield Reservoir piscivores using a multifaceted approach including gut analyses, stable isotopes, and gape limitation. Large Cutthroat Trout consumed 50–100% Utah Chub and tiger trout consumed 45–80%. In contrast, small and large Rainbow Trout consumed primarily invertebrate prey and exhibited significant overlap with small tiger trout, Cutthroat Trout, and Utah Chub. Large Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout occupy a top piscivore trophic niche and are more littoral, while Rainbow Trout occupy an omnivore niche space and are more pelagic. Both Cutthroat and tiger trout varied in niche space with respect to size‐class, demonstrating an ontogenetic shift to piscivory at approximately 350 mm TL. Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout are capable of consuming prey up to 50% of their own size, which is larger than predicted based on their theoretical gape limit. Because it appears food resources (Utah Chub) are not limited, and performance metrics are high, competition is unlikely between Cutthroat Trout and tiger trout. In contrast, apparent survival of Rainbow Trout has recently declined significantly, potentially due to shared food resources with Utah Chub or negative behavioral interactions with other members of the community. Collectively, this research aids in understanding biotic interactions within a top‐heavy and novel fish community and assists towards developing and implementing suitable management strategies to control nuisance species.
Hyper-luminous dust-obscured galaxies discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru and WISE
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Strauss Michael A. , Aoki Kentaro , Goto Tomotsugu , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Terashima Yuichi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Bosch James , Bundy Kevin , Doi Yoshiyuki , Inami Hanae , Komiyama Yutaka , Lupton Robert H. , Matsuhara Hideo , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Miyazaki Satoshi , Morokuma Tomoki , Nakata Fumiaki , Oi Nagisa , Onoue Masafusa , Oyabu Shinki , Price Paul , Tait Philip J. , Takata Tadafumi , Tanaka Manobu M. , Terai Tsuyoshi , Turner Edwin L. , Uchida Tomohisa , Usuda Tomonori , Utsumi Yousuke , Yamada Yoshihiko , Wang Shiang-Yu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We present the photometric properties of a sample of infrared (IR) bright dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs). Combining wide and deep optical images obtained with the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope and all-sky mid-IR (MIR) images taken with Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, we discovered 48 DOGs with i − Ks &gt; 1.2 and i − [22] &gt; 7.0, where i, Ks, and [22] represent AB magnitude in the i-band, Ks-band, and 22 μm, respectively, in the GAMA 14 hr field (∼ 9 deg2). Among these objects, 31 (∼ 65%) show power-law spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the near-IR (NIR) and MIR regime, while the remainder show an NIR bump in their SEDs. Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOGs sample is Gaussian, with mean and sigma z = 1.99 ± 0.45, we calculated their total IR luminosity using an empirical relation between 22 μm luminosity and total IR luminosity. The average value of the total IR luminosity is (3.5 ± 1.1) × 1013 L⊙, which classifies them as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies. We also derived the total IR luminosity function (LF) and IR luminosity density (LD) for a flux-limited subsample of 18 DOGs with 22 μm flux greater than 3.0 mJy and with i-band magnitude brighter than 24 AB magnitude. The derived space density for this subsample is log ϕ = −6.59 ± 0.11 [Mpc−3]. The IR LF for DOGs including data obtained from the literature is fitted well by a double-power law. The derived lower limit for the IR LD for our sample is ρIR ∼ 3.8 × 107 [L⊙ Mpc−3] and its contributions to the total IR LD, IR LD of all ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, and that of all DOGs are &gt; 3%, &gt; 9%, and &gt; 15%, respectively.
Methanol observation of IRAS 19312+1950: A possible new type of class I methanol maser
Authors: Nakashima Jun-ichi , Sobolev Andrej M. , Salii Svetlana V. , Zhang Yong , Yung Bosco H. K. , Deguchi Shuji 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We report the result of a systematic methanol observation toward IRAS 19312+1950. The properties of the SiO, H2O, and OH masers of this object are consistent with those of mass-losing evolved stars, but some other properties are difficult to explain in the standard scheme of stellar evolution in its late stage. Interestingly, a tentative detection of radio methanol lines was suggested toward this object by a previous observation. To date, there are no confirmed detections of methanol emission towards evolved stars, so investigation of this possible detection is important to better understand the circumstellar physical/chemical environment of IRAS 19312+1950. In this study, we systematically observed multiple methanol lines of IRAS 19312+1950 in the λ = 3 mm, 7 mm, and 13 mm bands, and detected six lines including four thermal lines and two class I maser lines. We derived basic physical parameters, including kinetic temperature and relative abundances, by fitting a radiative transfer model. According to the derived excitation temperature and line profiles, a spherically expanding outflow lying at the center of the nebulosity is excluded from the possibilities for methanol emission regions. The detection of class I methanol maser emission suggests that a shock region is involved in the system of IRAS 19312+1950. If the central star of IRAS 19312+1950 is an evolved star as suggested in the past, the class I maser detected in the present observation is the first case detected in an interaction region between an evolved star outflow and ambient molecular gas.
Evolution and dynamics of a solar active prominence
Authors: Magara Tetsuya 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The life of a solar active prominence, one of the most remarkable objects on the Sun, is full of dynamics; after first appearing on the Sun, the prominence continuously evolves with various internal motions and eventually produces a global eruption toward interplanetary space. Here we report that the whole life of an active prominence is successfully reproduced by performing as long-term a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a magnetized prominence plasma as was ever done. The simulation reveals underlying dynamic processes that give rise to observed properties of an active prominence: invisible subsurface flows self-consistently produce the cancellation of magnetic flux observed in the photosphere, while observed but somewhat counterintuitive strong upflows are driven against gravity by enhanced gas pressure gradient force along a magnetic field line locally standing vertical. The most highlighted dynamic event, transition into an eruptive phase, occurs as a natural consequence of the self-consistent evolution of a prominence plasma interacting with a magnetic field, which is obtained by seamlessly reproducing dynamic processes involved in the formation and eruption of an active prominence.
E-marketing orientation and social media implementation in B2B marketing
Authors: Habibi Fatemeh , Hamilton Caroline Anne , Valos Michael John , Callaghan Michael 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential of an organisational orientation, namely the electronic marketing orientation (EMO) to address implementation issues in business-to-business (B2B) social media implementation. Previous research has demonstrated differences between B2B and business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on existing B2B marketing, social media and organisational orientation literature, both academic and practitioner. This facilitates the development of a conceptual model and research proposition as a basis of further research into addressing contemporary barriers to B2B social media implementation.

Findings
– The paper contends that each of the four components of the EMO addresses different implementation issues faced in implementing social media and, more specifically, the unique issues faced by B2B marketers.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is conceptual in nature; however, it provides directions for future empirical research.

Practical implications
– The differences in promotional and sales channels and messages required in B2B context are addressed in the research propositions. The paper highlights implementation challenges and how a particular organisational orientation can facilitate the decision-making in dealing with them.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a unique theoretical contribution by introducing the EMO conceptual model in a specific context of B2B social media marketing.
Social network analysis and the internationalization of SMEs
Authors: Pinho José Carlos , Pinheiro Miguel Linhares 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This paper highlights the relevance of using social network analysis (SNA) as a different methodological approach to understand the numerous complex interactions that take place within the internationalization process.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is divided into three major sections: First, it identifies relevant articles on social networks published in appropriate academic journals; second, the process leading to SNA is presented; third, an illustrative case is described to show the relevance of SNA within the context of international business.Findings– Drawing on relevant literature, the authors found that most studies in the field of social networks and internationalization rely on conventional research methods based on qualitative (e.g. multiple case studies) or quantitative studies (e.g. surveys). Without questioning the relevance of these methods, the authors claim that very few studies have used the SNA methodology, which is based on a sociometric approach addressing the interactional dynamics embedded in international relationships.Originality/value– Specifically, this paper attempts to analyze the major advantages and shortcomings of the SNA methodology, which may be useful to understand interactional (or relational) effects associated with an internationalization strategy.
Marketing tourists gazing into the tourism domain
Authors: Marshall Roger , De Villiers Rouxelle 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Urry’s model of Tourism Gaze as described by Woodside is problematic, in that tourist participant observers change the phenomenon they observe. The purpose of this study is to present an alternative model that better represents the dialectic between tourists and the destination culture.

Design/methodology/approach
– A story-telling technique, based upon personal experience and introspection that matches the story told by Woodside, is used to illustrate the theory development and formulate an alternative model.

Findings
– A new model is proposed that acknowledges that the more a tourist lives their tourism experience and becomes immersed in the destination culture, the greater the affect he/she has upon the destination. The issue of authenticity is discussed in relationship to this new model, as – in a sense – the experience of a one-time traveler is as authentic as those of a long-term stay tourist.

Practical implications
– The practical implications are both for tourist operators and policymakers. Cultures change, regardless of any tourism activity; but, such activity is a major change-agent, especially so as the emerging Asian countries discover the pleasures of “globe-trotting”. Although the cultural experience of tourists will remain authentic, large-scale tourism projects will inevitably change the culture the tourists sought to experience in the first place. The value of alternate tourism strategies based on the tourist’s impact upon the host culture is becoming increasingly critical.

Originality/value
– The new model is simple but effective, and is more pragmatic and accurate than the original tourist gaze model of Urry. The introspective, story-telling, methods used are more typical of academic marketing than tourism research, but serve the purpose here well by making the conceptual idea readily available to the reader.
Comparing Choice and Partnership Approach assumptions to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
Authors: Wilson Scott , Metcalfe Julie , McLeod Stephen 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) activity data over a one-year period to the Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) demand and capacity model assumptions, providing an evaluation of CAPA model implementation and its effects on actual demand and capacity of the service.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three assumptions within the CAPA model are tested against activity data extracted from the patient management system. Analysis by patient record assesses the number of appointments the patients received and the patients’ journey from assessment to treatment. A combination of community CAMHS data are combined to compare actual activity against assumed capacity required to meet demand according to the CAPA model.

Findings
– Tested against an audit of 2,896 patient records, CAMHS average 7.76 core appointments per patient compared to the CAPA assumption of 7.5 appointments at a 0 per cent DNA rate. The second CAPA assumption states that 66 per cent of assessments will result in treatment, compared to 73.55 per cent in NHSGGC CAMHS. Finally, the workforce model in CAMHS has clinical capacity to meet demand according to the CAPA assumption of weekly accepted referral rates not exceeding the number of clinical whole time equivalent.

Originality/value
– The data allow for identification of inefficiencies within CAMHS and highlights how capacity can be increased, without increasing budgets, to meet a rising clinical demand. The results allow managers and clinicians to improve job planning to ensure more children and young people have quick access to services.
Applying importance-performance analysis to patient safety culture
Authors: Lee Yii-Ching , Wu Hsin-Hung , Hsieh Wan-Lin , Weng Shao-Jen , Hsieh Liang-Po , Huang Chih-Hsuan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The Sexton et al.’s (2006) safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) has been widely used to assess staff’s attitudes towards patient safety in healthcare organizations. However, to date there have been few studies that discuss the perceptions of patient safety both from hospital staff and upper management. The purpose of this paper is to improve and to develop better strategies regarding patient safety in healthcare organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Chinese version of SAQ based on the Taiwan Joint Commission on Hospital Accreditation is used to evaluate the perceptions of hospital staff. The current study then lies in applying importance-performance analysis technique to identify the major strengths and weaknesses of the safety culture.

Findings
– The results show that teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition and working conditions are major strengths and should be maintained in order to provide a better patient safety culture. On the contrary, perceptions of management and hospital handoffs and transitions are important weaknesses and should be improved immediately.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is restricted in generalizability. The assessment of hospital staff in patient safety culture is physicians and registered nurses. It would be interesting to further evaluate other staff’s (e.g. technicians, pharmacists and others) opinions regarding patient safety culture in the hospital.

Originality/value
– Few studies have clearly evaluated the perceptions of healthcare organization management regarding patient safety culture. Healthcare managers enable to take more effective actions to improve the level of patient safety by investigating key characteristics (either strengths or weaknesses) that healthcare organizations should focus on.
Evaluating the impact of accreditation and external peer review
Authors: Kilsdonk Melvin , Siesling Sabine , Otter Renee , Harten Wim van 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Accreditation and external peer review play important roles in assessing and improving healthcare quality worldwide. Evidence on the impact on the quality of care remains indecisive because of programme features and methodological research challenges. The purpose of this paper is to create a general methodological research framework to design future studies in this field.

Design/methodology/approach
– A literature search on effects of external peer review and accreditation was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Embase and Web of Science. Three researchers independently screened the studies. Only original research papers that studied the impact on the quality of care were included. Studies were evaluated by their objectives and outcomes, study size and analysis entity (hospitals vs patients), theoretical framework, focus of the studied programme, heterogeneity of the study population and presence of a control group.

Findings
– After careful selection 50 articles were included out of an initial 2,025 retrieved references. Analysis showed a wide variation in methodological characteristics. Most studies are performed cross-sectionally and results are not linked to the programme by a theoretical framework.

Originality/value
– Based on the methodological characteristics of previous studies the authors propose a general research framework. This framework is intended to support the design of future research to evaluate the effects of accreditation and external peer review on the quality of care.
Service quality of hospital outpatient departments: patients’ perspective
Authors: Zarei Ehsan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Assessment of patient perceptions of health service quality as an important element in quality assessments has attracted much attention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to assess the service quality of hospital outpatient departments affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from the patients’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran. The study samples included 500 patients who were selected by multi-stage random sampling from four hospitals. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 50 items, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. For data analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Friedman test, and descriptive statistics were used through LISREL 8.54 and SPSS 18 applications.

Findings
– Eight significant factors were extracted for outpatient service quality, which explained about 67 per cent of the total variance. Physician consultation, information provided to the patient, and the physical environment of the clinic were the three determining factors of the quality of outpatient services. The highest and lowest perceptions were related to physician consultation and perceived waiting time dimension, respectively. The mean score of patients’ perception of outpatient service quality was 3.89 (±0.60). About 59.5 per cent of patients assessed the quality of outpatient services as good, 38.2 per cent as moderate, and 2.3 per cent as poor.

Practical implications
– The instrument developed for this study is valid and reliable, and it can help hospital managers to identify the areas needing improvement and correction.

Originality/value
– According to the findings of this study, the majority of patients had a positive experience with outpatient departments of teaching hospitals, and the services provided in these centres were of adequate quality, based on patient assessments.
The liberalization of air services: prospects and challenges for the Indian economy
Authors: Amana Amade Roberts 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine, with a specific reference to the Indian economy, the interface between the World Trade Organization (WTO)/General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines and aviation services; the challenges to the incorporation of air services regimes into the world trade treaty; and the alternative routes for the liberalization of air services markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper adopts the doctrinal approach to legal research in analyzing literature on the integration of air services into the multi-lateral trading system. The paper takes a critical look at the current state of the aviation industry, the rationales and routes for liberalization, as well as the challenges facing it.

Findings
– The paper reveals the state of the Indian aviation market and its preparedness for integration into the global market system. The merit of a gradual approach is examined.

Research limitations/implications
– The WTO framework offers the traditional route for the liberalization of trade. However, since the inception of air travel, air traffic rights have been traded between countries on a bilateral basis, involving concepts of sovereignty over national airspace. The paper offers some ideas on how the two can be integrated.

Originality/value
– The research draws on recent events in the Indian aviation sector. It is of importance, especially to other emerging economies with similar social-economic indicators. It objectively questions the rationales for liberalization or globalization and its merits.
Employment Effects of Multilateral Development Bank Support: The Case of the African Development Bank
Authors: Simpasa Anthony , Shimeles Abebe , Salami Adeleke O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe impact of development aid on employment in Africa is investigated using a set of projects implemented by the African Development Bank (AfDB) in the last 20 years. The results indicate a heterogeneous effect of aid. Projects directed at productive sectors, mainly those that focus on financing small‐scale enterprises and microcredit institutions, tend to have the largest employment impact than those focusing on health and education. More importantly, the implied employment effect of AfDB projects is much larger than the potential employment that could be deduced from the aid‐growth‐employment nexus using macro data, particularly in the last decade. This could be due to the shift in the focus of development assistance away from productive sectors over this period. If inclusive development is the overarching objective of development assistance, then there may be a need to revisit the current allocation of aid to different uses.