bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über den Transport von Ionen gegen ihr Konzentrationsgefälle durch Membranen
Authors: Woermann D. , Spei M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEs wird der Transport von Halogenionen gegen ihr Konzentrationsgefälle durch feinporige Zellulosemembranen unter dem gleichzeitigen Einfluß eines Diffusionspotentials und einer Konvektion der Porenflüssigkeit untersucht. Im stationären Zustand findet man auf der einen Seite der Membran Konzentrationserhöhungen bis zu 70% gegenüber dem Anfangszustand. Im Anfangszustand ist die Konzentration der Halogenionen auf beiden Seiten der Membran gleich. Aus den Bewegungsgleichungen für den Teilchentransport in feinporigen Membranen wird eine Beziehung zwischen dem Diffusionspotential, der Volumenflußdichte und der Konzentrationsdifferenz der Halogenionen im stationären Zustand abgeleitet. Die Versuchsergebnisse werden an Hand dieser Gleichung diskutiert.
Über das Reaktionsgeschehen bei der Bestrahlung von Chlor mit Wasserstoffatomen
Authors: Seidel W. , Martin H. , Rehling H. , Mietzner F. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBei der Bestrahlung von hochverdünntem Chlor mit “heißen” H‐Atomen bildet sich so viel HCl, daß das Reaktionsgeschehen als Reaktion allein zwischen Strahlgasatomen und Cl2 nicht erklärt werden kann.Auf rechnerischem Wege wird wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß die HCl‐Bildung wegen der Langlebigkeit der H‐Atome überwiegend beherrscht wird von einer homogenen Gasreaktion zwischen Chlor und im Reaktionsraum vagabundierenden H‐Atomen.Die Durchrechnung ergibt die Aktivierungsenergien AE = 1900 cal/mol für H + Cl2 → HCl + Cl und AE = 4500 cal/mol für H + HCl → H2 + Cl, die mit den Literaturwerten verträglich sind.
Beiträge zur Thermodynamik von Polymerlösungen 6. Mitteilung: Dampfdruckmessungen von benzolischen Polyvinylcarbazollösungen oberhalb und unterhalb der Glastemperatur
Authors: Ueberreiter Kurt , Bruns Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEs wird eine Apparatur zur Dampfdruckmessung von Polymerlösungen beschrieben, welche die Vorzüge der absoluten und relativen Meßmethode in sich vereint. Damit wurden die Dampfdrucke der Lösungen von sechs verschiedenen Polyvinylcarbazolfraktionen in Benzol über einen Konzentrationsbereich von 30 bis 90 Gew.‐% und einen Temperaturbereich von 6–55 °C bestimmt. Die Dampfdruckkurven lg p1 gegen 1/T weisen einen Knick auf, der durch den Übergang in den Glaszustand verursacht wird. Zeitmessungen des Dampfdrucks ergaben, daß selbst kurz unterhalb der Glastemperatur auch nach längerem Warten keine Umwandlung des Glases zurück in den Flüssigkeitszustand erfolgt.
Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung an isotaktischem und syndiotaktischem Polymethylmethacrylat in Lösung
Authors: Wunderlich W. , Kirste R. G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Form der Streukurven von gelösten Polymethylmethacrylaten (PMMA) ist eine Funktion der Taktizität. In der Streukurve des syndiotaktischen PMMA läßt sich der Einfluß einer Periodizität erkennen. Eine quantitative Deutung gelingt durch Überlagerung einer Helixstreukurve mit einer Knäuelstreukurve. Dabei muß gesetzt werden H = 21 Å, R = 4 Å und a = 13 Å (H und R sind die Identitätsperiode bzw. der Radius der Helix, a ist die Persistenzlänge des Knäuels.)Die Streukurve des isotaktischen PMMA zeigt nahezu den Verlauf, der für Fadenknäuel nach Kratky et al. [2–5] zu erwarten ist. Jedoch ist ein Intensitätsdefizit zu beobachten, das durch plausible Annahmen gedeutet wird. Als Persistenzlänge ergibt sich ebenfalls ein Wert von a = 13 Å.Der Einfluß der endlichen Ausdehnung des Fadenquerschnitts auf die Streukurve hängt von der Elektronendichteverteilung im Querschnitt und von der Elektronendichte des Lösungsmittels ab. Bei PMMA in Benzol kann der Querschnittsfaktor bis zu einem Streuwinkel von 2 θ = 10° gleich 1 gesetzt werden.
Thermodynamische Eigenschaften von Luft bei hohen Temperaturen (Ohne Berücksichtigung der Strahlungsanteile)
Authors: Kuthe R. , Neumann Kl. K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIm Anschluß an frühere Veröffentlichungen teilen wir weitere Ergebnisse mit: Wir berechneten für ein Luftplasma die Innere Energie, die Enthalpie je Volumeneinheit, den Kompressibilitätsfaktor, das Verhältnis der „effektiven spezifischen Wärmen”︁ und die Zahl der Elektronen je Volumeneinheit. Weiter bestimmten wir die Temperaturbereiche, in denen bei gegebenem Druck bestimmte Teilchensorten (Moleküle, Atome und Ionen) in höheren Konzentrationen als 1 Mol‐% vorkommen. Schließlich berechneten wir noch im einzelnen die Translationsenthalpie, die Rotations‐Schwingungsenthalpie, die Enthalpie der elektronischen Anregung, die Dissoziationsenthalpie und die Ionisationsenthalpie für verschiedene Ionisationsstufen.Wir setzten thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht zwischen den einzelnen Materieteilchen voraus (nicht auch Gleichgewicht zwischen Materieteilchen und Strahlung), ferner die Gültigkeit des idealen Gasgesetzes. Wir bringen die Ergebnisse in Diagrammform für einen Temperaturbereich von 1000–100000 °K für die Drucke 103, 102, 101, 1, 10−1, 10−2 und 10−3 bar.
A Molecular Model for the Interaction of Ethidium Bromide with Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Authors: Fuller Watson , Waring M. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractX‐ray diffraction and molecular model building studies have led to a model for the interaction between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ethidium bromide in which the planar ring system of the drug is intercalated between successive base‐pairs of the DNA. This model is compared with that proposed by Lerman for the DNA‐proflavine interaction.
Build‐A‐Robot: Using virtual reality to visualize the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters
Authors: Flanders Megan , Kavanagh Richard C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTVirtual reality‐based educational tools allow students to visualize and interact with three‐dimensional objects in ways that cannot be achieved using traditional teaching methods. This type of educational tool is especially relevant to mechanically‐complex courses, such as those pertaining to robotics and mechatronics. Build‐A‐Robot is such a tool, created using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), MATLAB, and the Simulink 3D Animation Toolbox, to study the forward kinematics of serial robot arms according to the Denavit–Hartenberg convention. This tool is described, and the power of using MATLAB to directly manipulate VRML geometric dimensions is explored. The potential of this tool is evidenced by student survey responses and examination results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:846–853, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21656
Use of internal and external sources of knowledge and innovation in the Canadian wine industry
Authors: Doloreux David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing a sample of 146 Canadian wine‐producing firms, I analyze the link between knowledge sources and innovation by examining the way in which different strategies influence a firm's capacity for innovation. I then examine which innovation strategies are more strongly linked to innovation and the extent to which there are differences amongst wine‐producing regions in Canada. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diameter‐Controlled Synthesis and Capacitive Performance of Mesoporous Dual‐Layer MnO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Yunpeng , Liang Zhengyong , Miao Yue‐E , Liu Tianxi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMesoporous dual‐layer MnO2 nanotubes assembled from well‐aligned MnO2 nanosheets are synthesized via a facile and efficient sacrificial template method. To begin with, the self‐standing carbon nanofibrous membranes are prepared via electrospinning and high‐temperature carbonization, followed by an in situ redox reaction in KMnO4 solution to coat the carbon nanofiber (CNF) template with MnO2 nanosheets until the CNFs are consumed. The synthesized dual‐layer MnO2 nanotubes are composed of an inner shell of packed MnO2, and an outer shell of mesoporous sheet‐like MnO2. Importantly, the dimensions of the MnO2 nanotubes can be easily controlled by tuning parameters including CNF diameter and redox reaction temperature. The MnO2 nanotube electrode thus prepared manifests excellent cycling stability with a specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 and an areal capacitance of 309 mF cm−2 for supercapacitors. This approach opens up a new way for designing MnO2 nanostructures as promising electrode materials.
Challenges of flow‐cytometric estimation of nuclear genome size in orchids, a plant group with both whole‐genome and progressively partial endoreplication
Authors: Trávníček Pavel , Ponert Jan , Urfus Tomáš , Jersáková Jana , Vrána Jan , Hřibová Eva , Doležel Jaroslav , Suda Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNuclear genome size is an inherited quantitative trait of eukaryotic organisms with both practical and biological consequences. A detailed analysis of major families is a promising approach to fully understand the biological meaning of the extensive variation in genome size in plants. Although Orchidaceae accounts for ∼10% of the angiosperm diversity, the knowledge of patterns and dynamics of their genome size is limited, in part due to difficulties in flow cytometric analyses. Cells in various somatic tissues of orchids undergo extensive endoreplication, either whole‐genome or partial, and the G1‐phase nuclei with 2C DNA amounts may be lacking, resulting in overestimated genome size values. Interpretation of DNA content histograms is particularly challenging in species with progressively partial endoreplication, in which the ratios between the positions of two neighboring DNA peaks are lower than two. In order to assess distributions of nuclear DNA amounts and identify tissue suitable for reliable estimation of nuclear DNA content, we analyzed six different tissue types in 48 orchid species belonging to all recognized subfamilies. Although traditionally used leaves may provide incorrect C‐values, particularly in species with progressively partial endoreplication, young ovaries and pollinaria consistently yield 2C and 1C peaks of their G1‐phase nuclei, respectively, and are, therefore, the most suitable parts for genome size studies in orchids. We also provide new DNA C‐values for 22 orchid genera and 42 species. Adhering to the proposed methodology would allow for reliable genome size estimates in this largest plant family. Although our research was limited to orchids, the need to find a suitable tissue with dominant 2C peak of G1‐phase nuclei applies to all endopolyploid species. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The cell‐surface proteome of cultured adipose stromal cells
Authors: Donnenberg Albert D. , Meyer E. Michael , Rubin J. Peter , Donnenberg Vera S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this technical note we describe a method to evaluate the cell surface proteome of human primary cell cultures and cell lines. The method utilizes the BD Biosciences lyoplate, a system covering 242 surface proteins, glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids plus relevant isotype controls, automated plate‐based flow cytometry, conventional file‐level analysis and unsupervised K‐means clustering of markers on the basis of percent of positive events and mean fluorescence intensity of positive and total clean events. As an example, we determined the cell surface proteome of cultured adipose stromal cells (ASC) derived from 5 independent clinical isolates. Between‐sample agreement of very strongly expressed (n = 32) and strongly expressed (n =16) markers was excellent, constituting a reliable profile for ASC identification and determination of functional properties. Known mesenchymal markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105) were among the identified strongly expressed determinants. Among other strongly expressed markers are several that are potentially immunomodulatory including three proteins that protect from complement mediated effects (CD46, CD55, and CD59), two that regulate apoptosis (CD77 and CD95) and several with ectoenzymatic (CD10, CD26, CD13, CD73, and CD143) or receptor tyrosine kinase (CD140b (PDGFR), CD340 (Her‐2), EGFR) activity, suggesting mechanisms for the anti‐inflammatory and tissue remodeling properties of ASC. Because variables are standardized for K‐means clustering, results generated using this methodology should be comparable between instrumentation platforms. It is widely generalizable to human primary explant cultures and cells lines and will prove useful to determine how cell passage, culture interventions, and gene expression and silencing affect the cell‐surface proteome. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Actualizing real‐time indoor positioning systems using plane models
Authors: Lu Ta‐Te , Yeh Sheng‐Cheng , Wu Shang‐Hung 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYCompared with other indoor positioning methods, pattern matching offers greater accuracy. However, its construction requires additional time and manpower cost, and larger positioning environments result in correspondingly greater construction costs and computing complexity. To reduce the cost and computing complexity of pattern construction, plane models featuring radio signals were adopted in conjunction with quick response codes to facilitate the simple and rapid construction of indoor environments in this study. The advantages of using plane equations instead of pattern matching radio maps for positioning computations include the following: (1) reducing the complexity of positioning computations; (2) eliminating the influences of positioning area size; and (3) providing reliable and accurate positioning with an average error of approximately 2.8 m. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro antidiabetic effects of selected fruits and vegetables against glycosidase and aldose reductase
Authors: Wu Tong , Luo Jiaqiang , Xu Baojun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn vitro antidiabetic effect of fruits and vegetables with reports as folk remedies were investigated. The antidiabetic effects were evaluated by comparing the inhibitory properties of α‐glycosidase, aldose reductase, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that lychee extract exhibited the best dose‐dependent inhibitory activity against α‐glycosidase with IC50 of 10.4 mg/mL, and lemon peel extract exhibited aldose reductase inhibitory potential with IC50 value at 3.63 mg/mL. Besides, the result also showed that the inhibitory effects of blueberry and plum against α‐glycosidase were strong among the fruits samples. Bitter gourd and eggplant demonstrated significant inhibitory potential against aldose reductase, with IC50 values at 8.55 mg/mL and 8.06 mg/mL, respectively. The result from correlation analysis part showed that the antioxidant activities of selected fruits and vegetables were found related to their health beneficial effects, as there was positive correlations between total flavonoids content (TFC) and aldose reductase inhibitory activity (r2 = 0.556).
Dynamic river–groundwater exchange in the presence of a saline, semi‐confined aquifer
Authors: Unland N. P. , Cartwright I. , Daly E. , Gilfedder B. S. , Atkinson A. P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding groundwater–surface water exchange in river banks is crucial for effective water management and a range of scientific disciplines. While there has been much research on bank storage, many studies assume idealized aquifer systems. This paper presents a field‐based study of the Tambo Catchment (southeast Australia) where the Tambo River interacts with both an unconfined aquifer containing relatively young and fresh groundwater (<500 μS/cm and <100 years old) and a semi‐confined artesian aquifer containing old and saline groundwater (electrical conductivity > 2500 μS/cm and >10 000 years old). Continuous groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity monitoring within the different aquifers and the river suggest that the degree of mixing between the two aquifers and the river varies significantly in response to changing hydrological conditions. Numerical modelling using MODFLOW and the solute transport package MT3DMS indicates that saline water in the river bank moves away from the river during flooding as hydraulic gradients reverse. This water then returns during flood recession as baseflow hydraulic gradients are re‐established. Modelling also indicates that the concentration of a simulated conservative groundwater solute can increase for up to ~34 days at distances of 20 and 40 m from the river in response to flood events approximately 10 m in height. For the same flood event, simulated solute concentrations within 10 m of the river increase for only ~15 days as the infiltrating low‐salinity river water drives groundwater dilution. Average groundwater fluxes to the river stretch estimated using Darcy's law were 7 m3/m/day compared with 26 and 3 m3/m/day for the same periods via mass balance using Radon (222Rn) and chloride (Cl), respectively. The study shows that by coupling numerical modelling with continuous groundwater–surface water monitoring, the transient nature of bank storage can be evaluated, leading to a better understanding of the hydrological system and better interpretation of hydrochemical data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in antigen‐specific CD4+ responses to opportunistic infections in HIV infection
Authors: Pollock Katrina M. , Montamat‐Sicotte Damien J. , Cooke Graham S. , Kapembwa Moses S. , Kon Onn M. , Grass Lisa , Sampson Robert D. , Taylor Graham P. , Lalvani Ajit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHIV‐infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency are at risk of opportunistic infection (OI). Tuberculosis (TB) may occur without substantial immune suppression suggesting an early and sustained adverse impact of HIV on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)‐specific cell mediated immunity (CMI). This prospective observational cohort study aimed to observe differences in OI‐specific and MTB‐specific CMI that might underlie this. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we compared CD4+ responses to MTB, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and Candida albicans in individuals with and without HIV infection. MTB‐specific CD4+ T‐cells were more polyfunctional than virus specific (CMV/EBV) CD4+ T‐cells which predominantly secreted IFN‐gamma (IFN‐γ) only. There was a reduced frequency of IFN‐γ and IL‐2 (IL‐2)‐dual‐MTB‐specific cells in HIV‐infected individuals, which was not apparent for the other pathogens. MTB‐specific cells were less differentiated especially compared with CMV‐specific cells. CD127 expression was relatively less frequent on MTB‐specific cells in HIV co‐infection. MTB‐specific CD4+ T‐cells PD‐1 expression was infrequent in contrast to EBV‐specific CD4+ T‐cells. The variation in the inherent quality of these CD4+ T‐cell responses and impact of HIV co‐infection may contribute to the timing of co‐infectious diseases in HIV infection.
WHAT IS THE CONTAINER/CONTAINED WHEN THERE ARE GHOSTS IN THE NURSERY?: JOINING BION AND FRAIBERG IN DYADIC INTERVENTIONS WITH MOTHER AND INFANT
Authors: Malone Johanna C. , Dayton Carolyn Joy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT“Ghosts in the nursery.” “Visitors from the unremembered past.” Fraiberg, Adelson, and Shapiro's (1975) words convey the relational “intruders” that they perceived while working with mothers and infants. A mother's unresolved past is a driving force within the treatment of mother–infant dyads. Working with these families, the therapist strives to process and metabolize the distress of the dyad while enabling the mother to contain the infant more fully. This article proposes that Fraiberg et al.’s metaphor may be newly elaborated utilizing Bion's (1962) original theoretical conceptualization of the “container and contained.” He posited that an infant projects distressing affective states upon the mother, who contains the experience, transforms the feelings, and then enables the infant to reintroject a more tolerable experience. This lays the foundation for the relational experience of being known by another and facilitates the infant's development of self‐knowledge and emotional regulation. We utilize Fraiberg et al.’s original case material to identify ways in which ghosts in the nursery disrupt the processes of the container and contained. Bion's ideas may help enrich our understanding of how the therapeutic relationship enables cycles of containment, transitioning the material “ghosts” from being contained by the infant to being contained by the therapist, and to ultimately being transformed so that the mother can reattribute them to the past.
Cobalt and chromium exposure affects osteoblast function and impairs the mineralization of prosthesis surfaces in vitro
Authors: Shah Karan M. , Wilkinson Jeremy Mark , Gartland Alison 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ions and nanoparticles equivalent to those released through tribo‐corrosion of prosthetic metal‐on‐metal (MOM) bearings and taper junctions are detrimental to osteoblast activity and function in vitro when examined as individual species. Here we examined the effects of Co2+:Cr3+ and Co2+:Cr6+ combinations on osteoblast‐like SaOS‐2 cellular activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization to better reflect clinical exposure conditions in vivo. We also assessed the effect of Co2+:Cr3+ combinations and Co:Cr nanoparticles on SaOS‐2 cell osteogenic responses on grit‐blasted, plasma‐sprayed titanium‐coated, and hydroxyapatite‐coated prosthesis surfaces. Cellular activity and ALP activity were reduced to a greater extent with combination treatments compared to individual ions. Co2+ and Cr3+ interacted additively and synergistically to reduce cellular activity and ALP activity, respectively, while the Co2+ with Cr6+ combination was dominated by the effect of Cr6+ alone. Mineralization by osteoblasts was greater on hydroxyapatite‐coated surfaces compared to grit‐blasted and plasma‐sprayed titanium‐coated surfaces. Treatments with Co2+:Cr3+ ions and Co:Cr nanoparticles reduced the percentage mineralization on all surfaces, with hydroxyapatite‐coated surfaces having the least reduction. In conclusion, our data suggests that previous studies investigating individual metal ions underestimate their potential clinical effects on osteoblast activity. Furthermore, the data suggests that hydroxyapatite‐coated surfaces may modulate osteoblast responses to metal debris. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1663–1670, 2015.
Trabecular bone strength is not an independent predictive factor for dynamic hip screw migration—A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Müller Marc A. , Hengg Clemens , Krettek Christian , van der Velde Detlef , Eberdorfer Siegfried , Stange Richard , Hofmann Gunther O. , Platz Andreas , Suhm Norbert 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study assessed whether mechanically measured trabecular bone strength is an independent predictor of dynamic hip screw (DHS) stability, i.e., DHS migration (DHSM) after the fixation of proximal femoral fractures. One‐hundred and seven patients older than 50 years with proximal femoral fractures were included. During fracture fixation, a mechanical probe (DensiProbe™ Hip) was inserted at the site where the DHS tip would ultimately be positioned. Peak torque to breakaway the trabecular bone was measured. Fracture reduction, primary implant position and postoperative DHSM were assessed by radiographs taken postoperatively, at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Univariate regression analysis revealed no association between peak torque and DHSM (R2 = 0.025, p = 0.135). DHSM correlated with the primary DHS position, i.e., the distance between the DHS and (i) the central femoral neck axis (CNFAD, R2 = 0.230; p < 0.0001) and (ii) the apex of the femoral head (R2 = 0.110; p = 0.001). DHSM did not correlate with areal BMD of the contralateral proximal femur. Multivariable regression modeling revealed the CFNAD as predictive factor for screw migration. The primary implant position measured by the CFNAD, rather than DensiProbe™ Hip measured bone strength, is an independent predictor of DHSM. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1680–1686, 2015.