bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Madden–Julian Oscillation prediction skill of a new-generation global model demonstrated using a supercomputer
Authors: Miyakawa Tomoki , Satoh Masaki , Miura Hiroaki , Tomita Hirofumi , Yashiro Hisashi , Noda Akira T. , Yamada Yohei , Kodama Chihiro , Kimoto Masahide , Yoneyama Kunio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlobal cloud/cloud system-resolving models are perceived to perform well in the prediction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), a huge eastward -propagating atmospheric pulse that dominates intraseasonal variation of the tropics and affects the entire globe. However, owing to model complexity, detailed analysis is limited by computational power. Here we carry out a simulation series using a recently developed supercomputer, which enables the statistical evaluation of the MJO prediction skill of a costly new-generation model in a manner similar to operational forecast models. We estimate the current MJO predictability of the model as 27 days by conducting simulations including all winter MJO cases identified during 2003–2012. The simulated precipitation patterns associated with different MJO phases compare well with observations. An MJO case captured in a recent intensive observation is also well reproduced. Our results reveal that the global cloud-resolving approach is effective in understanding the MJO and in providing month-long tropical forecasts.
Controlled multistep synthesis in a three-phase droplet reactor
Authors: Nightingale Adrian M. , Phillips Thomas W. , Bannock James H. , de Mello John C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChannel-fouling is a pervasive problem in continuous flow chemistry, causing poor product control and reactor failure. Droplet chemistry, in which the reaction mixture flows as discrete droplets inside an immiscible carrier liquid, prevents fouling by isolating the reaction from the channel walls. Unfortunately, the difficulty of controllably adding new reagents to an existing droplet stream has largely restricted droplet chemistry to simple reactions in which all reagents are supplied at the time of droplet formation. Here we describe an effective method for repeatedly adding controlled quantities of reagents to droplets. The reagents are injected into a multiphase fluid stream, comprising the carrier liquid, droplets of the reaction mixture and an inert gas that maintains a uniform droplet spacing and suppresses new droplet formation. The method, which is suited to many multistep reactions, is applied to a five-stage quantum dot synthesis wherein particle growth is sustained by repeatedly adding fresh feedstock.
Analytical Modelling of the Spread of Disease in Confined and Crowded Spaces
Authors: Goscé Lara , Barton David A. W. , Johansson Anders 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSince 1927 and until recently, most models describing the spread of disease have been of compartmental type, based on the assumption that populations are homogeneous and well-mixed. Recent models have utilised agent-based models and complex networks to explicitly study heterogeneous interaction patterns, but this leads to an increasing computational complexity. Compartmental models are appealing because of their simplicity, but their parameters, especially the transmission rate, are complex and depend on a number of factors, which makes it hard to predict how a change of a single environmental, demographic, or epidemiological factor will affect the population. Therefore, in this contribution we propose a middle ground, utilising crowd-behaviour research to improve compartmental models in crowded situations. We show how both the rate of infection as well as the walking speed depend on the local crowd density around an infected individual. The combined effect is that the rate of infection at a population scale has an analytically tractable non-linear dependency on crowd density. We model the spread of a hypothetical disease in a corridor and compare our new model with a typical compartmental model, which highlights the regime in which current models may not produce credible results.
Interventions to Improve Oral Feeding Performance of Preterm Infants
Authors: Lau Chantal 
Published: May 2014

This review presents a summary of our current understanding of the development of preterm infant oral feeding skills, the feeding issues they are facing, and evidence-based approaches that facilitate their transition from tube to oral feeding.The field of infant oral feeding research is understudied as the recognition of its importance truly came about with the increased preterm population and the realization that a large number of these infants are not safe and competent oral feeders. It is understandable that this research has taken a “back seat” to the more immediate concerns of saving these babies’ lives. However, the time has now come when these infants make up a large proportion of patients referred to feeding specialists for unresolved oral feeding problems during their stay in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as well as post-discharge. Unfortunately, due to the limited research so far conducted in this domain, available therapies are limited and lack evidence-based support. Fortunately, this growing medical concern is stimulating deeper research interests and funding.It is hoped that the information provided will assist the development of systematic differential diagnostic approaches to address infant oral feeding issues.
The oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold motif is a poly(ADP-ribose)-binding domain that mediates DNA damage response
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Yibin , Li Mo , Yu Xiaochun 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a unique posttranslational modification during DNA damage response. However, the biological function of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is not clear. Here, we found that human ssDNA-binding protein 1 (hSSB1), a putative DNA-binding protein, recognizes poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and participates in PAR-dependent DNA damage repair. hSSB1 contains an Oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold motif that is a well-known DNA/RNA binding domain. However, we unexpectedly found that the OB fold of hSSB1 is a PAR binding domain that recognizes the linkage of each ADP ribose unit in PAR. DNA damage-induced PAR recruits hSSB1 to the damage sites for DNA damage repair. Moreover, we found that several other OB folds also recognize PAR. Thus, our results reveal a previously unidentified molecular mechanism of PAR in DNA damage response.
Variation in leaf flushing date influences autumnal senescence and next year’s flushing date in two temperate tree species
Authors: Fu Yongshuo S. H. , Campioli Matteo , Vitasse Yann , De Boeck Hans J. , Van den Berge Joke , AbdElgawad Hamada , Asard Han , Piao Shilong , Deckmyn Gaby , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceLeaf phenology of temperate ecosystems is shifting in response to global warming. This affects surface albedo, ecosystem carbon balance, and evapotranspiration, and the response of leaf phenology to climatic drivers has therefore received particular interest. However, despite considerable effort, models have failed to accurately reproduce phenology patterns, likely because mechanistic understanding is incomplete. Here, we show that earlier leaf flushing in response to a warm winter translated into earlier leaf senescence and even earlier leaf flushing in the following year. This legacy effect of winter warming on leaf phenology has important implications for understanding and modelling leaf phenology and its impact on ecosystem functioning, especially in relation to global warming, and is likely to open new research lines.
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies by semiconductor sequencing
Authors: Liao Can , Yin Ai-hua , Peng Chun-fang , Fu Fang , Yang Jie-xia , Li Ru , Chen Yang-yi , Luo Dong-hong , Zhang Yong-ling , Ou Yan-mei , Li Jian , Wu Jing , Mai Ming-qin , Hou Rui , Wu Frances , Luo Hongrong , Li Dong-zhi , Liu Hai-liang , Zhang Xiao-zhuang , Zhang Kang 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Chromosomal aneuploidies represent a major cause of fetal loss and birth defects. Current methods for the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy require invasive methods that are associated with a risk of miscarriage and other complications. Recently, noninvasive prenatal testing has been developed using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. In this study, we validated an effective method for noninvasive diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy using a semiconductor sequencer, which reduces the time and cost of sequencing. Our method is cost-effective and practical in a clinical setting with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of trisomy 13, 18, and 21 as well as sex chromosome aneuploidies.
Extraordinary strain hardening by gradient structure
Authors: Wu XiaoLei , Jiang Ping , Chen Liu , Yuan Fuping , Zhu Yuntian T. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Nature creates the gradient structure (GS) for a purpose: to make biological systems strong and tough to survive severe natural forces. For the grain-size GS, the deformation physics is still unclear. One wonders if the grain-size GS in the nanomicroscale would also benefit materials engineered by mankind. In this paper, a universal strain hardening mechanism is revealed in the GS. We discovered a unique extra strain hardening that is intrinsic to the GS. Its mechanism is the presence of strain gradient together with the stress state change. A superior combination of strength and ductility that is not accessible to conventional homogeneous materials is obtained. As a novel mechanism, extra strain hardening renders high ductility in the GS materials.
Rich-club organization of the newborn human brain
Authors: Ball Gareth , Aljabar Paul , Zebari Sally , Tusor Nora , Arichi Tomoki , Merchant Nazakat , Robinson Emma C. , Ogundipe Enitan , Rueckert Daniel , Edwards A. David , Counsell Serena J. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
To investigate the organizational principles of human brain development, we analyzed cerebral structural connectivity in the period leading up to the time of normal birth. We found that a “rich club” of interconnected cortical hubs previously reported in adults is present by 30 wk gestation. From mid to late gestation, connections between core hubs and the rest of the brain increased significantly. To determine the influence of environmental factors on network development, we also compared term-born infants to those born prematurely. Alterations in cortical–subcortical connectivity and short-distance connections outside the core network were associated with prematurity. Rich-club organization in the human brain precedes the emergence of complex neurological function, and alterations during this time may impact negatively on subsequent neurodevelopment.
Spatiotemporally different origins of NG2 progenitors produce cortical interneurons versus glia in the mammalian forebrain
Authors: Tsoa Rosemarie W. , Coskun Volkan , Ho Chi K. , de Vellis Jean , Sun Yi E. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The CRE/LoxP cell lineage tracing strategy has been applied effectively to label progenies derived from specific progenitors in different model organisms. Although this approach efficaciously labels cells expressing a specific marker, it often discounts the heterogeneity of the cell populations sharing the same cellular marker. In this study, we combined the CRE/LoxP tracing strategy with BrdU birth-dating analysis to separate the NG2 expression progenitor populations and identified the defined interneuronal versus oligodendroglial lineages on the basis of special and temporal specific origins.
Type I interferon suppresses de novo virus-specific CD4 Th1 immunity during an established persistent viral infection
Authors: Osokine Ivan , Snell Laura M. , Cunningham Cameron R. , Yamada Douglas H. , Wilson Elizabeth B. , Elsaesser Heidi J. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Brooks David 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Potent antiviral CD4 Th1 responses generated at the onset of persistent infection are lost as infection progresses. However, it is unknown how CD4 T cell responses are mounted in the midst of an established persistent infection to restore the diminishing Th1 response. We report that an established persistent virus infection suppresses the induction and distribution of new virus-specific CD4 Th1 cells. The failure to generate new Th1 responses is mediated by chronic type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, and its blockade effectively restored de novo Th1 development. Our study identifies a mechanism of immunosuppression and a method to restore Th1 generation during persistent infection.
Ultrasensitive detection of waste products in water using fluorescence emission cavity-enhanced spectroscopy
Authors: Bixler Joel N. , Cone Michael T. , Hokr Brett H. , Mason John D. , Figueroa Eleonora , Fry Edward S. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Scully Marlan O. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Clean water is paramount to human health. Contaminants, such as human waste products in drinking water, can result in significant health issues. In this article, we present a technique for detection of trace amounts of human or animal waste products in water. This technique could allow for real-time assessment of water quality without the need for expensive laboratory equipment.
Noninvasive in vivo monitoring of tissue-specific global gene expression in humans
Authors: Koh Winston , Pan Wenying , Gawad Charles , Fan H. Christina , Kerchner Geoffrey A. , Wyss-Coray Tony , Blumenfeld Yair J. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Circulating cell-free RNA in the blood provides a potential window into the health, phenotype, and developmental programs of a variety of human organs. We used high-throughput methods of RNA analysis such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing to characterize the global landscape of circulating RNA in human subjects. By focusing on tissue-specific genes, we were able to identify the relative contributions of these tissues to circulating RNA and monitor changes during tissue development and neurodegenerative disease states.
Quenched disorder and vestigial nematicity in the pseudogap regime of the cuprates
Authors: Nie Laimei , Tarjus Gilles , Kivelson Steven Allan 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Recent experiments show that a tendency toward charge density wave (CDW) order, long documented in certain structurally special members of the cuprate family, is a ubiquitous feature of the pseudogap regime in these high-temperature superconductors. We show that quenched disorder plays a key role in this problem, inevitably limiting the growth of CDW correlations even in the most perfect existing crystals and rounding the associated phase transitions. However, weak disorder operating on a unidirectional CDW leaves behind a sharply defined vestigial point-group symmetry breaking and an associated phase transition. We suggest that such electron-nematic order is an essential feature of the pseudogap phase and that the associated quantum critical point may play an essential role in the physics of high-temperature superconductivity.
A 2,300-year-old architectural and astronomical complex in the Chincha Valley, Peru
Authors: Stanish Charles , Tantaleán Henry , Nigra Benjamin T. , Griffin Laura 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Recent archaeological discoveries on the south coast of Peru demonstrate that Paracas period peoples constructed a complex set of geoglyphs to mark ceremonial mounds and residential sites. Paracas societies in this region created a built or artificial landscape in an open desert to mediate periodic social events. Several of these architectural features were oriented to the sunset during the winter solstice. These data provide insight into the ways by which people in stateless societies organized their social, economic, and political life. Social units, labor, and astronomically significant periods mesh, attracting participants to cyclical events in the midvalley zone. This case study refines our understanding of the processes of human social evolution prior to the development of archaic states.
The social and political realities of marine spatial planning: some land-based reflections
Authors: Kidd Sue , Shaw Dave 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper highlights the value for marine spatial planning (MSP) of engaging with terrestrial planning theory and practice. It argues that the traditions of reflection, critique, and debate that are a feature of land-based planning can inform the development of richer theoretical underpinnings of MSP as well as MSP practice. The case is illustrated by tempering the view that MSP can be a rational planning process that can follow universal principles and steps by presenting an alternative perspective that sees MSP as a social and political process that is highly differentiated and place-specific. This perspective is discussed with reference to four examples. First, the paper considers why history, culture, and administrative context lead to significant differences in how planning systems are organized. Second, it highlights that planning systems and processes tend to be in constant flux as they respond to changing social and political viewpoints. Third, it discusses why the integration ambitions which are central to “spatial” planning require detailed engagement with locally specific social and political circumstances. Fourth, it focuses on the political and social nature of plan implementation and how different implementation contexts need to inform the design of planning processes and the style of plans produced.
Concordance of patient and caregiver reports in evaluating quality of life in patients with malignant gliomas and an assessment of caregiver burden
Authors: Jacobs Daniel I. , Kumthekar Priya , Stell Becky V. , Grimm Sean A. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Rice Laurie , Chandler James P. , Muro Kenji , Marymont MaryAnne , Helenowski Irene B. , Wagner Lynne I. , Raizer Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundGiven the neurocognitive impairment experienced by many patients with malignant gliomas, caregiver reports can be critical in assessing the quality of life (QOL) of these patients. In this study, we explored whether assessment of patient QOL by the primary caregiver shows concordance with the patient's self-reported QOL, and we quantified the burden faced by caregivers.MethodsQOL of 45 patients was evaluated by both the patient and primary caregiver on 3 or more separate occasions using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) instrument, and concordance between the 2 reports was evaluated. Caregiver burden was measured using the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOL-C) instrument.ResultsOverall, good concordance was observed between the patient and caregiver FACT-Br reports (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.74). Patient-reported FACT-Br scores were 4.75 (95% CI, 1.44–8.05) points higher than paired caregiver reports on the 200-point scale (P = .008); however, this difference did not achieve clinical significance. Caregiver burden, as measured by the CQOL-C, was significantly greater among caregivers in this study than those previously reported for caregivers of patients with lung, breast, or prostate cancer (P < .001).ConclusionsDespite minor discrepancies in caregiver assessments of patient QOL relative to patient self-reports, our results suggest that the caregiver assessments can serve as adequate proxies for patient reports. Our results also illustrate the particularly heavy burden faced by caregivers of patients with malignant glioma. Further research into both of these areas is warranted.
Impact of recall period on primary brain tumor patient's self-report of symptoms
Authors: Armstrong Terri S. , Vera-Bolanos Elizabeth , Acquaye Alvina , Gilbert, Mark R. , Mendoza Tito R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Understanding the severity of symptoms is an integral part of patient care. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) was developed using a 24-hour recall period. The choice of recall period is dependent on the treatment and disease of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the congruence and equivalency of 24-hour and 7-day symptom reporting using the MDASI-BT.

Method
Adult brain tumor patients completed the MDASI-BT using 24-hour and 7-day recall periods and a tablet format. Equivalence and congruence were determined using equivalency testing and Bland-Altman analysis. Reliability and known group's validity were then assessed by use of Cronbach's alpha and evaluating differences based on performance status.

Results
One hundred patients (mean age, 48 y; range 19 y–77 y), who were primarily white (86%) males (62%) with a variety of brain tumors, most commonly glioblastoma (69%), participated. KPS scores ranged from 50%–100%, with 28% of participants scoring 80% or lower. Overall severity reporting using the 7-day recall was congruent and equivalent with the 24-hour rating, with difference scores of one point or less on the overall instrument and individual symptoms. The 7-day recall period instrument demonstrated psychometric properties similar to the established 24-hour recall instrument.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of the 7-day recall period in addition to the 24-hour recall period for symptom reports of patients with primary brain tumors. Future studies should continue to explore the reliability and validity of this recall period and its utility in other central nervous system tumor populations.
Liver Disease in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Luoto Topi T. , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Jahnukainen Timo , Jalanko Hannu 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:We correlated liver and kidney manifestations in a national cohort of patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).Methods:A total of 27 consecutive patients with ARPKD were included. Hepatobiliary disorders were comparatively evaluated in 2 groups: children in group 1 (n = 10) displayed renal failure as infants and those in group 2 (n = 17) had normal kidney function through the first year of life.Results:Median follow‐up time was 10.6 (range, 0.4–40) years. Portal hypertension was diagnosed in 13 patients (48%) at the median age 5.0 (1.5–27.9) years. Esophageal varices developed in 8 patients (30%) at age 8.0 (2.1–11.9) years; 4 patients (15%) had variceal bleeding, and hypersplenism/splenomegaly occurred in 52%, similarly in both groups. Biliary tract dilatation was detected at 2.8 years in group 1 and at 7.9 years in group 2, significantly more frequently in group 1 (60% vs 18%, P = 0.039), causing cholangitis in 2 (20%) versus none in group 2 (P = 0.055). A total of 10 patients (37%) underwent cadaveric liver transplantation (LT) at a median age of 6.6 (1.0–20.0) years. In 1 patient LT was performed because of hepatoblastoma. Nine of these were combined liver–kidney transplantations (CLKT). Patients in group 1 required LT earlier (4.1 years vs 18.2 years, P = 0.017) and more frequently (70% vs 18%, P = 0.01). Overall survival beyond neonatal period was 85%. Two patients died because of infectious complications after CLKT, and 1 patient because of recurrent hepatoblastoma.Conclusions:Although correlation of renal and liver manifestations was variable, biliary dilatation was associated with early renal failure. CLKT may be a treatment for patients with ARPKD with marked hepatobiliary complications.