bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misery Perfusion, Blood Pressure Control, and 5-Year Stroke Risk in Symptomatic Major Cerebral Artery Disease
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroshi , Kagawa Shinya , Kishibe Yoshihiko , Takahashi Masaaki , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
The benefit of strict blood pressure (BP) control in high-risk patients with symptomatic major cerebral artery disease and misery perfusion (MP) is controversial. Our purposes were (1) to determine whether MP is a predictor of a 5-year risk of subsequent stroke and (2) to investigate the relationships among BP during follow-up, MP, and the stroke risk.

Methods—

We studied 130 nondisabled patients with symptomatic major cerebral artery disease. Baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained from
15
O-gas positron emission tomography, and patients received medical treatment and they were followed for 5 years or until stroke recurrence or death.

Results—

During 5 years, strokes occurred in 6 of 16 patients with MP and in 15 of 114 without MP (log-rank test;
P
<0.01). There were 4 (25%) ipsilateral ischemic strokes in patients with MP and 4 in those without MP (
P
<0.001). The risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke declined markedly after 2 years, and there was only 1 ipsilateral ischemic stroke in a patient without MP. Normal systolic BP (<130 mm Hg) was associated with an increased risk of ipsilateral ischemic strokes in patients with impaired perfusion (including MP), whereas systolic BP outside the 130 to 149 mm Hg range was associated with an increased risk of all strokes in patients without MP.

Conclusion—
Patients with MP showed a high-5-year stroke recurrence, but a large part of the 5-year stroke risk disappeared after 2 years. Aggressive BP control may be hazardous in patients with impaired perfusion, including MP.
Sequential In-Vehicle Glance Distributions
Authors: Yamani Yusuke , Horrey William J. , Liang Yulan , Fisher Donald L. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to illustrate how a consideration of glance sequences to in-vehicle tasks and their associated distributions can be informative. Background: The rapid growth in the number of nomadic technologies and in-vehicle devices has the potential to create complex, visually intensive tasks for drivers that may incur long in-vehicle glances. Such glances place drivers at increased risk of a motor vehicle crash. Method: We used eye-glance data from a study of distraction training programs to examine the change in glance duration distributions across consecutive glances during the performance of various in-vehicle tasks. Results: The sequential analysis across trained and untrained drivers showed that the proportion of late-sequence glances longer than a 2-s threshold among untrained drivers was almost double the number of such glances for the trained drivers, that the third and later glances were particularly problematic, and that training reduced the proportion of early- and later-sequence glances. Conclusion: Examining how the duration of off-road glances varies as a function of their order in a sequence of glances and the visual demands of the task can offer important insights into the change in the distracting potential of in-vehicle tasks across glances and the effects of training. Application: The sequential analysis of in-vehicle glance data can be useful for researchers and practitioners and has implications for the development and evaluation of training programs as well as for task and interface design.
Featured Article: Isolation, characterization, and cultivation of human hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells
Authors: Pfeiffer Elisa , Kegel Victoria , Zeilinger Katrin , Hengstler Jan G , Nüssler Andreas K , Seehofer Daniel , Damm Georg 
Published: November 2014

Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are considered to be the gold standard for in vitro testing of xenobiotic metabolism and hepatotoxicity. However, PHH cultivation in 2D mono-cultures leads to dedifferentiation and a loss of function. It is well known that hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPC), such as Kupffer cells (KC), liver endothelial cells (LEC), and hepatic stellate cells (HSC), play a central role in the maintenance of PHH functions. The aims of the present study were to establish a protocol for the simultaneous isolation of human PHH and NPC from the same tissue specimen and to test their suitability for in vitro co-culture. Human PHH and NPC were isolated from tissue obtained by partial liver resection by a two-step EDTA/collagenase perfusion technique. The obtained cell fractions were purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. KC, LEC, and HSC contained in the NPC fraction were separated using specific adherence properties and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®). Identified NPC revealed a yield of 1.9 × 106 KC, 2.7 × 105 LEC and 4.7 × 105 HSC per gram liver tissue, showing viabilities >90%. Characterization of these NPC showed that all populations went through an activation process, which influenced the cell fate. The activation of KC strongly depended on the tissue quality and donor anamnesis. KC became activated in culture in association with a loss of viability within 4–5 days. LEC lost specific features during culture, while HSC went through a transformation process into myofibroblasts. The testing of different culture conditions for HSC demonstrated that they can attenuate, but not prevent dedifferentiation in vitro. In conclusion, the method described allows the isolation and separation of PHH and NPC in high quality and quantity from the same donor.
Upregulation of FcγRIIb on monocytes is necessary to promote the superagonist activity of TGN1412
Authors: Hussain Khiyam , Hargreaves Chantal E. , Roghanian Ali , Oldham Robert J. , Chan H. T. Claude , Mockridge C. Ian , Chowdhury Ferdousi , Frendéus Bjorn , Harper Kirsty S. , Strefford Jonathan C. , Cragg Mark S. , Glennie Martin J. , Williams Anthony P. , French Ruth R. 
Published: November 2014

Key PointsTGN1412-induced T-cell activation following high-density preculture of PBMCs is a consequence of FcγRIIb upregulation on monocytes. In vivo, cytokine release syndrome may be due to the close association of FcγRIIb-bearing cells with T cells in lymphoid tissues.
Spirometric reference values for Malagasy adults aged 18–73 years
Authors: Ratomaharo Julia , Linares Perdomo Olinto , Collingridge Dave S. , Andriamihaja Rabezanahary , Hegewald Matthew , Jensen Robert L. , Hankinson John , Morris Alan H. 
Published: November 2014

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) recommend that spirometry prediction equations be derived from samples of similar race/ethnicity. Malagasy prediction equations do not exist. The objectives of this study were to establish prediction equations for healthy Malagasy adults, and then compare Malagasy measurements with published prediction equations.We enrolled 2491 healthy Malagasy subjects aged 18–73 years (1428 males) from June 2006 to April 2008. The subjects attempted to meet the ATS/ERS 2005 guidelines when performing forced expiratory spirograms. We compared Malagasy measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC with predictions from the European Community for Steel and Coal (ECSC), the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and the ERS Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) 2012 study.A linear model for the entire population, using age and height as independent variables, best predicted all spirometry parameters for sea level and highland subjects. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were most accurately predicted by NHANES III African-American male and female, and by GLI 2012 black male and black and South East Asian female equations. ECSC-predicted FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were poorly matched to Malagasy measurements.We provide the first spirometry reference equations for a healthy adult Malagasy population, and the first comparison of Malagasy population measurements with ECSC, NHANES III and GLI 2012 prediction equations.
Food allergy competencies of dietitians in the United Kingdom, Australia and United States of America
Authors: Maslin Kate , Meyer Rosan , Reeves Liane , Mackenzie Heather , Swain Anne , Stuart‐Smith Wendy , Loblay Rob , Groetch Marion , Venter Carina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundA knowledgeable and competent dietitian is an integral part of the food allergy multidisciplinary team, contributing to effective diagnosis and management of food allergic disorders. Little is currently known about the food allergy training needs and preferences of dietitians. The purpose of this paper is to measure and compare self‐reported food allergy competencies of dietitians based in the UK, Australia and USA.MethodsA survey of USA‐based paediatric dietitians was developed to measure self‐reported proficiency and educational needs in the area of food allergy. The survey was modified slightly and circulated online to paediatric and adult dietitians in the UK and Australia. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations are presented.ResultsA total of 797 dietitians completed the questionnaire. Competency in “developing food challenge protocols” and “managing feeding problems” were rated the poorest overall across all three settings. A higher level of competency was significantly positively associated with length of practice as a dietitian, percentage of caseload composed of patients with food allergy and training in food allergy. The most popular topics for further training were food additives, pharmacological reactions and oral allergy syndrome.ConclusionsThere is a need amongst dietitians to increase their knowledge in different aspects of food allergy diagnosis and management, specifically the areas of developing food challenge protocols and management of feeding problems. This study provides valuable information for designing targeted food allergy education for dietitians.
Prognostic value of high-sensitivity troponin T levels in patients with ventricular arrhythmias and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: data from the prospective FINNRESUSCI study
Authors: Røsjø Helge , Vaahersalo Jukka , Hagve Tor-Arne , Pettilä Ville , Kurola Jouni , Omland Torbjørn 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Myocardial dysfunction is common after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) levels may provide incremental prognostic information to established risk indices.

Methods
A total of 155 patients with OHCA and a shockable rhythm (98% ventricular fibrillation; OHCA-VF/VT) had blood samples drawn within six hours of admission. Blood samples were also available after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 96 hours in subsets of patients. The endpoints of the study were hospital mortality and neurological status and mortality after one year.

Results
Admission hs-TnT levels were higher than the 99-percentile of the general population (14 ng/L) in all patients (range 18 to 17837 ng/L). Admission hs-TnT levels were associated with acute coronary artery occlusion, time to return of spontaneous circulation, heart failure, and renal function. Admission hs-TnT levels were higher in one-year non-survivors compared to survivors (median 747 (quartile 1 to 3, 206 to 1061) ng/L versus 345 (184 to 740) ng/L, P =0.023) and in patients with a poor versus a favorable neurological outcome (739 (191 to 1061) ng/L versus 334 (195 to 716) ng/L, P =0.028). However, hs-TnT measurements did not add prognostic information to established risk variables in multivariate analyses. hs-TnT levels measured during the hospitalization for OHCA-VF/VT correlated closely with admission levels (r ≥0.63) and were inferior to Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) scores for the prediction of events during follow-up. hs-TnT dynamics did not discriminate between survivors and non-survivors or between a poor versus a favorable neurological outcome.

Conclusion
hs-TnT levels are elevated in critically ill patients with OHCA-VF/VT, but do not improve risk prediction.
Whole genome de novo assemblies of three divergent strains of rice, Oryza sativa, document novel gene space of aus and indica
Authors: Schatz Michael C , Maron Lyza G , Stein Joshua C , Wences Alejandro Hernandez , Gurtowski James , Biggers Eric , Lee Hayan , Kramer Melissa , Antoniou Eric , Ghiban Elena , Wright Mark H , Chia Jer-ming , Ware Doreen , McCouch Susan R , McCombie W Richard 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
The use of high throughput genome-sequencing technologies has uncovered a large extent of structural variation in eukaryotic genomes that makes important contributions to genomic diversity and phenotypic variation. When the genomes of different strains of a given organism are compared, whole genome resequencing data are typically aligned to an established reference sequence. However, when the reference differs in significant structural ways from the individuals under study, the analysis is often incomplete or inaccurate.

Results
Here, we use rice as a model to demonstrate how improvements in sequencing and assembly technology allow rapid and inexpensive de novo assembly of next generation sequence data into high-quality assemblies that can be directly compared using whole genome alignment to provide an unbiased assessment. Using this approach, we are able to accurately assess the ‘pan-genome’ of three divergent rice varieties and document several megabases of each genome absent in the other two.

Conclusions
Many of the genome-specific loci are annotated to contain genes, reflecting the potential for new biological properties that would be missed by standard reference-mapping approaches. We further provide a detailed analysis of several loci associated with agriculturally important traits, including the S5 hybrid sterility locus, the Sub1 submergence tolerance locus, the LRK gene cluster associated with improved yield, and the Pup1 cluster associated with phosphorus deficiency, illustrating the utility of our approach for biological discovery. All of the data and software are openly available to support further breeding and functional studies of rice and other species.
Antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Lycopersicon esculentum extract
Authors: Maiti Swarnali , Krishnan Deepak , Barman Gadadhar , Ghosh Sudip Kumar , Laha Jayasree Konar 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
It has been known for quite some time now that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can inhibit microbial growth and even kill microbes. Our investigation reports the antimicrobial activity of AgNP against a model bacterium, Escherichia coli.

Methods
The aqueous extract of Lycopersicon esculentum (red tomato) was used for the rapid synthesis of AgNP, which is very simple and eco-friendly in nature. The UV-visible spectroscopy technique was employed to establish the formation of AgNP.

Results
The transmission electron microscopic images showed that the particles were of mostly spherical shape. For the bacteriological tests, the microorganism E. coli was inoculated on Luria broth (LB) agar plate in the presence of varied amounts of AgNP. The antibacterial activity was obvious from the zone of inhibition. At concentration 20 μg/ml and above, the AgNP showed a clear zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNP to E. coli was 50 μg/ml. Growth rates and bacterial concentrations were determined by measuring optical density at 600 nm at different time points.

Conclusions
From the slope of the bacterial growth curve, it has been concluded that the nanoparticles are bacteriostatic at low concentration and bactericidal at high concentration. So these nanoparticles are believed to act as preventive for bacterial contamination.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus persistence promotes effector-like memory differentiation and enhances mucosal T cell distribution
Authors: Beura Lalit K , Anderson Kristin G , Schenkel Jason M , Locquiao Jeremiah J , Fraser Kathryn A , Vezys Vaiva , Pepper Marion , Masopust David 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Vaccines are desired that maintain abundant memory T cells at nonlymphoid sites of microbial exposure, where they may be anatomically positioned for immediate pathogen interception. Here, we test the impact of antigen persistence on mouse CD8 and CD4 T cell distribution and differentiation by comparing responses to infections with different strains of LCMV that cause either acute or chronic infections. We used in vivo labeling techniques that discriminate between T cells present within tissues and abundant populations that fail to be removed from vascular compartments, despite perfusion. LCMV persistence caused up to ∼30-fold more virus-specific CD8 T cells to distribute to the lung compared with acute infection. Persistent infection also maintained mucosal-homing α4β7 integrin expression, higher granzyme B expression, alterations in the expression of the TRM markers CD69 and CD103, and greater accumulation of virus-specific CD8 T cells in the large intestine, liver, kidney, and female reproductive tract. Persistent infection also increased LCMV-specific CD4 T cell quantity in mucosal tissues and induced maintenance of CXCR4, an HIV coreceptor. This study clarifies the relationship between viral persistence and CD4 and CD8 T cell distribution and mucosal phenotype, indicating that chronic LCMV infection magnifies T cell migration to nonlymphoid tissues.
Intergenerational transmission of psychopathy and mediation via
psychosocial risk factors
Authors: Auty Katherine M. , Farrington David P. , Coid Jeremy W. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundIntergenerational continuities in criminal behaviour have been well
documented, but the familial nature of psychopathic personality is less
well understood.AimsTo establish if there is an association between the psychopathic traits
of a community sample of men and their offspring and whether psychosocial
risk factors mediate this.MethodParticipants of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
(n = 478 dyads) were assessed for psychopathy using
the PCL: SV. Multilevel regression models were used to investigate
intergenerational continuity and mediation models examined indirect
effects.ResultsThe fathers' psychopathy was transmitted to both sons and daughters. The
transmission of Factor 1 scores was mediated via the fathers' employment
problems. For male offspring, the Factor 2 scores were mediated via the
fathers' drug use, accommodation and employment problems. For female
offspring, Factor 2 scores were mediated via the fathers' employment
problems.ConclusionsUnderstanding of the specific role of certain psychosocial risk factors
may be useful in developing preventive measures for the development of
psychopathy.
Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Gonadotropin (FSH and LH) Functions by TALEN-Mediated Gene Disruption
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhu Bo , Ge Wei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Vertebrate reproduction is controlled by two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the pituitary. Despite numerous studies on FSH and LH in fish species, their functions in reproduction still remain poorly defined. This is partly due to the lack of powerful genetic approaches for functional studies in adult fish. This situation is now changing with the emergence of genome-editing technologies, especially Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). In this study, we deleted the hormone-specific β-genes of both FSH and LH in the zebrafish using TALEN. This was followed by a phenotype analysis for key reproductive events, including gonadal differentiation, puberty onset, gametogenesis, final maturation, and fertility. FSH-deficient zebrafish (fshb−/−) were surprisingly fertile in both sexes; however, the development of both the ovary and testis was significantly delayed. In contrast, LH-deficient zebrafish (lhb−/−) showed normal gonadal growth, but the females failed to spawn and were therefore infertile. Using previtellogenic follicles as the marker, we observed a significant delay of puberty onset in the fshb mutant but not the lhb mutant females. Interestingly, FSH seemed to play a role in maintaining the female status because we repeatedly observed sexual reversal in the fshb mutant. Neither the fshb nor lhb mutation alone seemed to affect gonadal differentiation; however, the double mutation of the two genes led to all males, although the development of the testis was significantly delayed. In summary, our data confirmed some well-known functions of FSH and LH in fish while also providing evidence for novel functions, which would be difficult to reveal using traditional biochemical and physiological approaches.
ATRX is required for maintenance of the neuroprogenitor cell pool in the embryonic mouse brain
Authors: Ritchie Kieran , Watson L. Ashley , Davidson Benjamin , Jiang Yan , Bérubé Nathalie G. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Mutations in the alpha-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) gene cause a spectrum of abnormalities including intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, and microcephaly. The ATRX protein is highly enriched at heterochromatic repetitive sequences adjacent to the centromere, and ATRX depletion results in chromosome congression, segregation, and cohesion defects. Here, we show that Cre-mediated inactivation of Atrx in the embryonic mouse (Mus musculus) brain results in expansion of cerebral cortical layer VI, and a concurrent thinning of layers II–IV. We observed increased cell cycle exit during early-mid neurogenesis, and a depletion of apical progenitors by late neurogenesis in the Atrx-null neocortex, explaining the disproportionate layering. Premature differentiation was associated with an increased generation of outer radial glia (oRG) and TBR2-expressing basal progenitors, as well as increased generation of early-born post-mitotic projection neurons. Atrx deletion also reduced the fidelity of mitotic spindle orientation in apical progenitors, where mutant cells were often oriented at non-parallel angles of division relative to the ventricular surface. We conclude that ATRX is required for correct lamination of the mouse neocortex by regulating the timing of neuroprogenitor cell differentiation.
CX3CL1, a chemokine finely tuned to adhesion: critical roles of the stalk glycosylation and the membrane domain
Authors: Ostuni Mariano A. , Guellec Julie , Hermand Patricia , Durand Pauline , Combadière Christophe , Pincet Frédéric , Deterre Philippe 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The multi-domain CX3CL1 transmembrane chemokine triggers leukocyte adherence without rolling and migration by presenting its chemokine domain (CD) to its receptor CX3CR1. Through the combination of functional adhesion assays with structural analysis using FRAP, we investigated the functional role of the other domains of CX3CL1, i.e., its mucin stalk, transmembrane domain, and cytosolic domain. Our results indicate that the CX3CL1 molecular structure is finely adapted to capture CX3CR1 in circulating cells and that each domain has a specific purpose: the mucin stalk is stiffened by its high glycosylation to present the CD away from the membrane, the transmembrane domain generates the permanent aggregation of an adequate amount of monomers to guarantee adhesion and prevent rolling, and the cytosolic domain ensures adhesive robustness by interacting with the cytoskeleton. We propose a model in which quasi-immobile CX3CL1 bundles are organized to quickly generate adhesive patches with sufficiently high strength to capture CX3CR1+ leukocytes but with sufficiently low strength to allow their patrolling behavior.