bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From translational research to open technology innovation systems
Authors: Savory Clive , Fortune Joyce 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to question whether the emphasis placed within translational research on a linear model of innovation provides the most effective model for managing health technology innovation. Several alternative perspectives are presented that have potential to enhance the existing model of translational research. A case study is presented of innovation of a clinical decision support system. The paper concludes from the case study that an extending the triple helix model of technology transfer, to one based on a quadruple helix, present a basis for improving the performance translational research.Design/methodology/approach– A case study approach is used to help understand development of an innovative technology within a teaching hospital. The case is then used to develop and refine a model of the health technology innovation system.Findings– The paper concludes from the case study that existing models of translational research could be refined further through the development of a quadruple helix model of heath technology innovation that encompasses greater emphasis on user-led and open innovation perspectives.Research limitations/implications– The paper presents several implications for future research based on the need to enhance the model of health technology innovation used to guide policy and practice.Practical implications– The quadruple helix model of innovation that is proposed can potentially guide alterations to the existing model of translational research in the healthcare sector. Several suggestions are made for how innovation activity can be better supported at both a policy and operational level.Originality/value– This paper presents a synthesis of the innovation literature applied to a theoretically important case of open innovation in the UK National Health Service. It draws in perspectives from other industrial sectors and applies them specifically to the management and organisation of innovation activities around health technology and the services in which they are embedded.
Trialability, observability and risk reduction accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions
Authors: Hayes Kathryn J , Eljiz Kathy , Dadich Ann , Fitzgerald Janna-Anneke , Sloan Terry 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospective analysis of computer simulation’s role in accelerating individual innovation adoption decisions. The process innovation examined is Lean Systems Thinking, and the organizational context is the imaging department of an Australian public hospital.Design/methodology/approach– Intrinsic case study methods including observation, interviews with radiology and emergency personnel about scheduling procedures, mapping patient appointment processes and document analysis were used over three years and then complemented with retrospective interviews with key hospital staff. The multiple data sources and methods were combined in a pragmatic and reflexive manner to explore an extreme case that provides potential to act as an instructive template for effective change.Findings– Computer simulation of process change ideas offered by staff to improve patient-flow accelerated the adoption of the process changes, largely because animated computer simulation permitted experimentation (trialability), provided observable predictions of change results (observability) and minimized perceived risk.Research limitations/implications– The difficulty of making accurate comparisons between time periods in a health care setting is acknowledged.Practical implications– This work has implications for policy, practice and theory, particularly for inducing the rapid diffusion of process innovations to address challenges facing health service organizations and national health systems.Originality/value– The research demonstrates the value of animated computer simulation in presenting the need for change, identifying options, and predicting change outcomes and is the first work to indicate the importance of trialability, observability and risk reduction in individual adoption decisions in health services.
OpenCon2014 in Washington DC, November 2014. Early Career Researchers and Open Access Advocacy
Authors: Gallagher Matt 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to give an overview of OpenCon 2014, organized by the Right to Research Coalition, SPARC (The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) and an organizing committee of students and early career researchers from around the world that took place between the 14th and 17th of November 2014 in Washington DC.

Design/methodology/approach
– A narrative approach was used to describe events.

Findings
– OpenCon 2014 is an exciting new conference that targets early career librarians and researchers who are involved with and/or interested in aspects of the open-access movement. It is attempting to galvanize the upcoming generation of scholars to demand more of traditional publishing models by bringing together a selective group that spans diverse interests and experience levels.

Originality/value
– This report outlines the author's takeaways and opinions concerning the events of the conference, as well as identifies some of the themes and issues that were relevant to librarians in research institutions.
Transforming our libraries, ourselves: ALA in Las Vegas – a brief outline with focus on international programs
Authors: Ghosh Maitrayee 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The author shares information about the American Library Association’s 133rd annual conference in Las Vegas. This conference served as an open forum for participants on incredible range of topics, namely, e-books, digital content, innovation and community engagement, library instruction, copyright, outreach, privacy, library advocacy, literacy, data-driven decision making, intellectual freedom, teen services, gaming, leadership and best practices on a range of library-related concerns.

Design/methodology/approach
– This report is a brief outline of ALA 2014 annual conference in Las Vegas with focus on international programs. It summarizes selective events, including author’s presentation on e-books advocacy in India, International Librarians’ Reception and paper session organized by IRRT.

Findings
– ALA annual conference at Las Vegas was one of the best professional development opportunities for librarians, with a large variety of programs, activities and exhibition. The event attracted librarians from all sectors and work environments from many countries and highlighted issues in librarianship and latest technology development; its use in libraries will be of interest to this journal’s readership, especially information professionals from all over the world.

Originality/value
– ALA Annual conference in June 26-July 1, 2014 was the largest conference of librarians touched all topics in librarianship. It is difficult to describe the entire conference events even briefly in an article. The author’s experiences during the international events are highlighted.
Taking librarians off the desk: one library changes its reference desk staffing model
Authors: Peters Timothy 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper is a case study of the decision at Central Michigan University to take librarians off the reference desk. Departmental data on reference desk traffic and other ancillary functions of the reference department was used to make the case for removing the librarians from the desk. Data collected since the decision was made has supported the decision to move to an on-call reference desk staffing model. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The department reviewed and analyzed data on reference desk transactions of all types from previous years to inform its decision making. Data trends and an analysis of the nature of the questions asked at the reference desk were instrumental in the analysis.

Findings
– The department determined that the statistical data justified the removal of the librarians from the reference desk. Data collected since moving to the on-call model supports the earlier decision.

Originality/value
– This paper provides libraries considering their own desk staffing models with a discussion of another library’s decision-making process and evidence of a successful migration to a new reference service model.
Developing an academic library assessment plan: a case study
Authors: Smith Gregory Arnold , Tryon Howard Dale , Snyder Lori Beth 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of developing an academic library assessment plan and its relation to the furtherance of a culture of assessment.Design/methodology/approach– Qualitative study of a university library’s assessment planning process; findings based on documentary evidence as well as an employee survey; analysis framed in relationship to relevant literature.Findings– Planning for the future of assessment offered the Jerry Falwell Library a significant opportunity for organizational change. Evaluations of the planning process were mixed, but generally revealed evidence of conditions associated with the development of a culture of assessment. Participants saw planning as the product of both external and internal factors. The plan’s orientation toward value and impact, though clearly understood, was not universally appreciated. Implementation of the plan remains a substantial challenge.Research limitations/implications– Reliability is subject to the limitations inherent to qualitative methods. Single case study design limits generalizability to different contexts.Practical implications– The goal of developing a culture of assessment is not to be achieved easily or quickly. Library employees may be most inclined to support an assessment agenda when it is driven by internal factors such as quality improvement and the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness.Originality/value– The study emphasizes the process of developing an assessment plan at a university with a strong teaching mission. Additionally, it provides insight into the relationship between assessment planning and a culture of assessment.
Stratigraphic coordinates: a coordinate system tailored to seismic interpretation
Authors: Karimi Parvaneh , Fomel Sergey 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn certain seismic data processing and interpretation tasks such as spiking deconvolution, tuning analysis, impedance inversion, and spectral decomposition, it is commonly assumed that the vertical direction is normal to reflectors. This assumption is false in the case of dipping layers and may therefore lead to inaccurate results. To overcome this limitation, we propose a coordinate system in which geometry follows the shape of each reflector and the vertical direction corresponds to normal reflectivity. We call this coordinate system stratigraphic coordinates. We develop a constructive algorithm that transfers seismic images into the stratigraphic coordinate system. The algorithm consists of two steps. First, local slopes of seismic events are estimated by plane‐wave destruction; then structural information is spread along the estimated local slopes, and horizons are picked everywhere in the seismic volume by the predictive‐painting algorithm. These picked horizons represent level sets of the first axis of the stratigraphic coordinate system. Next, an upwind finite‐difference scheme is used to find the two other axes, which are perpendicular to the first axis, by solving the appropriate gradient equations. After seismic data are transformed into stratigraphic coordinates, seismic horizons should appear flat, and seismic traces should represent the direction normal to the reflectors. Immediate applications of the stratigraphic coordinate system are in seismic image flattening and spectral decomposition. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of stratigraphic coordinates.
An efficient wave extrapolation method for anisotropic media with tilt
Authors: Waheed Umair bin , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWavefield extrapolation operators for elliptically anisotropic media offer significant cost reduction compared with that for the transversely isotropic case, particularly when the axis of symmetry exhibits tilt (from the vertical). However, elliptical anisotropy does not provide accurate wavefield representation or imaging for transversely isotropic media. Therefore, we propose effective elliptically anisotropic models that correctly capture the kinematic behaviour of wavefields for transversely isotropic media. Specifically, we compute source‐dependent effective velocities for the elliptic medium using kinematic high‐frequency representation of the transversely isotropic wavefield. The effective model allows us to use cheaper elliptic wave extrapolation operators. Despite the fact that the effective models are obtained by matching kinematics using high‐frequency asymptotic, the resulting wavefield contains most of the critical wavefield components, including frequency dependency and caustics, if present, with reasonable accuracy. The methodology developed here offers a much better cost versus accuracy trade‐off for wavefield computations in transversely isotropic media, particularly for media of low to moderate complexity. In addition, the wavefield solution is free from shear‐wave artefacts as opposed to the conventional finite‐difference‐based transversely isotropic wave extrapolation scheme. We demonstrate these assertions through numerical tests on synthetic tilted transversely isotropic models.
Environmental drivers of mast‐seeding in Mediterranean oak species: does leaf habit matter?
Authors: Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Padilla‐Díaz Carmen M. , Koenig Walter D. , Marañón Teodoro 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Understanding the proximate factors that govern the widespread mast‐seeding process is a question of considerable interest that remains poorly understood. The identity and effect of these factors may vary among coexisting species that differ in leaf habit, potentially resulting in temporally asynchronous patterns of seed production.

In this study, we aim to identify the proximate causes of mast‐seeding using two oak species with contrasting leaf habit that coexist in southern Spain, the deciduous Quercus canariensis and the evergreen Q. suber. Simultaneously, we review the literature on environmental drivers of mast‐seeding in Mediterranean oaks, distinguishing between evergreen and deciduous species.

Our results indicate that Mediterranean oaks are primarily sensitive to weather, mast‐seeding being strongly correlated with water availability and air temperature, mainly in the spring and summer.

The two study oak species were affected by weather in quite different ways, most likely because of different abiotic requirements as well as contrasting functional strategies of resource use and biomass allocation. Specifically, annual seed production in Q. canariensis was more severely limited by drought than in Q. suber, but responded positively to warmer spring temperatures.

Q. canariensis showed a large interannual variability, whereas Q. suber exhibited much more constant seed production. These two species also exhibited a very low level of synchrony in their temporal patterns of seed crop size, most likely due to phenological differences in the processes of flowering and seed maturation.

Synthesis. Our results indicate that weather plays a crucial role as a proximate driver of mast‐seeding in Mediterranean oaks. We hypothesize that the current abundance of co‐occurring species that differ in leaf habit could be altered under future climate change scenarios. The decline of seed production with drier conditions will be potentially greater in deciduous species, particularly those inhabiting wetter sites. Alternatively, the expected warmer temperatures could negatively affect evergreen species as a consequence of their more conservative strategy of biomass allocation. Our findings suggest that understanding how species with different functional or phenological attributes adjust their reproductive abilities to weather may enable us to infer the effects of ongoing environmental changes on population recruitment and dynamics.
Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why
Authors: Paine C. E. Timothy , Amissah Lucy , Auge Harald , Baraloto Christopher , Baruffol Martin , Bourland Nils , Bruelheide Helge , Daïnou Kasso , de Gouvenain Roland C. , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Doust Susan , Fine Paul V. A. , Fortunel Claire , Haase Josephine , Holl Karen D. , Jactel Hervé , Li Xuefei , Kitajima Kaoru , Koricheva Julia , Martínez‐Garza Cristina , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Philipson Christopher , Piotto Daniel , Poorter Lourens , Posada Juan M. , Potvin Catherine , Rainio Kalle , Russo Sabrina E. , Ruiz‐Jaen Mariacarmen , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Webb Campbell O. , Wright S. Joseph , Zahawi Rakan A. , Hector Andy 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates.

If community‐level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth–trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients.

We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base.

We estimated size‐standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed‐effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together.

Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR–trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales.

Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer.
Exposure to occupational therapy as a factor influencing recruitment to the profession
Authors: Byrne Nicole 
Published: March 2015

AimThis article provides insight into the impact that exposure to an occupational therapist, in personal capacity or via a professional interaction, has on the decision to enter an occupational therapy undergraduate programme.MethodsA quantitative survey was completed by 139 occupational therapy students. The survey tool focussed on the students' exposure to a range of allied health professions (e.g. occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychology) and investigated how exposure to occupational therapy had influenced their decision to enter the programme.ResultsThe results indicated that over 70% of respondents had personal professional exposure to occupational therapy prior to making a career decision. Exposure most frequently involved occupational therapy intervention of a friend or family member. The majority of students who had professional exposure to occupational therapy (e.g. family, self, friend received occupational therapy) identified that it was the most influential factor in their career choice. Forty per cent of the occupational therapy students did not enter the programme straight from school and the influence of ‘working with an occupational therapist’ was noteworthy for mature aged students.ConclusionOccupational therapists need to consider that every interaction they have with the community provides valuable information regarding the profession and gives insight into occupational therapy as a potential career path for other people. Additionally, the current research identifies there were differences in the impact, type and number of exposures for different student groups, and this potentially offers some insight into ways in which occupational therapy could target specific groups within the community to increase future diversity in the profession.
Biogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili and regulation of their function
Authors: Leighton Tiffany L. , Buensuceso Ryan N. C. , Howell P. Lynne , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryType IV pili (T4P) are bacterial virulence factors involved in a wide variety of functions including deoxyribonucleic acid uptake, surface attachment, biofilm formation and twitching motility. While T4P are common surface appendages, the systems that assemble them and the regulation of their function differ between species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria spp. and Myxococcus xanthus are common model systems used to study T4P biology. This review focuses on recent advances in P. aeruginosa T4P structural biology, and the regulatory pathways controlling T4P biogenesis and function.
The limits of authoritarian solidarity: TheGulf monarchies and preserving authoritarian rule during theArabSpring
Authors: Odinius Daniel , Kuntz Philipp 
Published: March 2015

AbstractScholars have recently begun to examine how authoritarian rulers cooperate with each other in order to fend off popular challenges to their power. During theArabSpring the states of theGulfCooperationCouncil (GCC) supported fellow authoritarian regimes in some cases while backing opposition movements in others. Existing theoretical approaches fail to explain this variation. Advancing the study on authoritarian cooperation, this article develops a theoretical approach that sets out to explain how authoritarian regimes reach their decisions. Drawing on poliheuristic foreign policy analysis, it argues that perceptions of similarity serve as a filter for estimating threats to regime survival at home. If regimes perceive the situation in other countries as similar to their own, supporting other authoritarian regimes becomes the only acceptable strategy. In contrast, if perceptions of similarity are low, regimes also consider other options and evaluate their implications beyond the domestic political arena. Applying this framework to the example of theGCCstates during theArabSpring, the analysis reveals covariation between perceptions of similarity and threat amongGCCregimes, on the one hand, and their strategies, on the other.