bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From a line in the sand to a landscape of decisions: a hierarchical diversity decision framework for estimating and communicating biodiversity loss along anthropogenic gradients
Authors: Voss Kristofor A. , King Ryan S. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: March 2015

Summary

When setting water quality criteria, managers must choose thresholds for stressors that are protective of aquatic biodiversity. Setting such thresholds requires making implicit judgments about the degree of biodiversity loss that managers are willing to accept.

We present a new modelling approach, the hierarchical diversity decision framework (HiDDeF) that explicitly communicates the sensitivity of water quality benchmarks to these implicit judgments. We apply HiDDeF to a data set of stream macroinvertebrate abundances across 218 sites in south‐western West Virginia, USA, where alkaline mine drainage increases streamwater conductivity and leads to the loss of sensitive taxa throughout regional river networks.

By integrating responses of individual taxa within a flexible hierarchical framework, HiDDeF reliably predicts macroinvertebrate assemblages across the full range of conductivities observed in the training data set but requires only a fraction (~10%) of the sites required in previous studies. HiDDeF results suggest that the current conductivity benchmark (300 μS cm−1) for regional streams translates to 50% loss in abundance for at least one‐quarter of regional macroinvertebrate taxa.

HiDDeF produces a ‘decision landscape’ that allows decision‐makers to assess sensitivity of proposed benchmarks to their choice of protective level. HiDDeF allows users to investigate both individual‐ and community‐level responses to environmental gradients and generates output that includes a comprehensive summary of uncertainty in model parameters.
Self‐Reported Risk‐Taking Behavior During Matched‐Frequency Sessions of Alcohol Versus Combined Alcohol and Energy Drinks Consumption: Does Co‐Ingestion Increase Risk‐Taking?
Authors: Peacock Amy , Droste Nicolas , Pennay Amy , Lubman Dan I. , Miller Peter , Newcombe David , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that consumers of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) self‐report lower odds of risk‐taking after consuming AmED versus alcohol alone. However, these studies have been criticized for failing to control for relative frequency of AmED versus alcohol‐only consumption sessions. These studies also do not account for quantity of consumption and general alcohol‐related risk‐taking propensity. The aims of the present study were to (i) compare rates of risk‐taking in AmED versus alcohol sessions among consumers with matched frequency of use and (ii) identify consumption and person characteristics associated with risk‐taking behavior in AmED sessions.MethodsData were extracted from 2 Australian community samples and 1 New Zealand community sample of AmED consumers (n = 1,291). One‐fifth (21%; n = 273) reported matched frequency of AmED and alcohol use.ResultsThe majority (55%) of matched‐frequency participants consumed AmED and alcohol monthly or less. The matched‐frequency sample reported significantly lower odds of engaging in 18 of 25 assessed risk behaviors in AmED versus alcohol sessions. Similar rates of engagement were evident across session type for the remaining behaviors, the majority of which were low prevalence (reported by <15%). Regression modeling indicated that risk‐taking in AmED sessions was primarily associated with risk‐taking in alcohol sessions, with increased average energy drink (ED) intake associated with certain risk behaviors (e.g., being physically hurt, not using contraception, and driving while over the legal alcohol limit).ConclusionsBivariate analyses from a matched‐frequency sample align with past research showing lower odds of risk‐taking behavior after AmED versus alcohol consumption for the same individuals. Multivariate analyses showed that risk‐taking in alcohol sessions had the strongest association with risk‐taking in AmED sessions. However, hypotheses of increased risk‐taking post‐AmED consumption were partly supported: Greater ED intake was associated with increased likelihood of specific behaviors, including drink‐driving, sexual behavior, and aggressive behaviors in the matched‐frequency sample after controlling for alcohol intake and risk‐taking in alcohol sessions. These findings highlight the need to consider both personal characteristics and beverage effects in harm reduction strategies for AmED consumers.
Integrating telehealth services into a remote allied health service: A pilot study
Authors: O'Hara Rebecca , Jackson Sarah 
Published: March 2015

AbstractProblemThe continuity of care for people with neurological conditions in a remote northwest Queensland town as services are currently only available intermittently.DesignMixed methods design using questionnaires and staff review of the program and processes.SettingIntermittent community rehabilitation service for clients with neurological conditions has been offered in Mount Isa and is supported by a similar fulltime service in Townsville. Both services use a unique client‐centred, student‐assisted, interprofessional model of care.Key measures for improvementUnderstanding participant experiences by obtaining feedback from clients, students and allied health professionals (AHPs) regarding their experiences of using telehealth in this setting.Strategy for changePrevious clients of the North West Community Rehabilitation service were offered a review assessment using telehealth by an interprofessional team.Effects of changeUsing telehealth enabled the client, remote AHP and students in Mount Isa to be connected to expert assistance in Townsville.Lessons learntThe findings suggest that telehealth was useful in a community rehabilitation setting to provide review services for clients. This improved continuity of care for these clients because without this telehealth assessment, the clients would have had to wait up to 12 months for the next service period in Mount Isa or travel to a major urban centre to access a similar service. Feedback from clients, students and AHPs was positive; however, some challenges were identified. Recommendations for future service delivery using telehealth are outlined in the paper.
Single perforator greater saphenous neuro‐veno‐fasciocutaneous propeller flaps for lower extremity reconstructions
Authors: Zhong Wanrun , Lu Shengdi , Wang Chunyang , Wen Gen , Han Pei , Chai Yimin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of soft tissue that is available for medial leg and foot defect reconstructions presents a challenge for plastic surgeons. The saphenous neurofasciocutaneous perforator flap application presents an effective alternative to local flap transfers. However, the venous flow and pedicle twisting problems are still disputed. Here, we present our experiences with modified cutaneous pedicles with a single perforator pedicle, which improves the venous flow and the pedicle twisting problem.MethodsThis study was conducted from June 2007 through September 2011, and a total of 15 patients with lower medial leg and foot defects were included. There were 11 men and four women. An asymmetric ‘propeller’ flap was planned around a perforator that was adjacent to the defects, which was preoperatively confirmed by Doppler. The perforator was sufficiently dissociated to allow for the flap to be turned towards the defects. We preserved some distal skin and subcutaneous tissue from the short side of the ‘propeller’ to cover some donor site regions, and other regions were covered with split thickness skin grafts. The follow‐up period ranged from 3 to 12 months.ResultsAn infection occurred in one case. Partial flap necrosis was noted in two cases. The other 12 flaps completely survived and matched the recipient sites with regard to colour, texture and thickness.ConclusionThe single perforator greater saphenous neuro‐veno‐fasciocutaneous propeller flap is an effective solution for medial leg and foot defects, and it has a large rotation arc and a satisfactory aesthetic result.
One hundred‐year‐old human corneal and transplanted corneal graft endothelium
Authors: Ruusuvaara Pekka , Vesti Eija , Koskela Elina , Setälä Kirsi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and analyse one hundred‐year‐old endothelial cells of human transplanted corneal grafts and compare them with intact endothelium of unoperated eyes.Subjects and methodsSpecular microscopy was performed on seven individuals (14 eyes) aged >100 years and on seven transplanted corneas with endothelial cells of at least 100 years old. All keratoplasties were performed by the same surgeon (PR) 25–35 years before the time of examination. As controls, 14 unoperated healthy individuals (26 eyes) of 90–100 years, 12 individuals (24 eyes) of 48–52 years, 12 students (24 eyes) of 19–24 years and 11 children (22 eyes) from 10 to 14 years of age were photographed and analysed.ResultsThe mean cell density in the oldest age group, over 100 years of age (average 102 years), was very good 2365 cells/mm2. The mean cell density in the transplanted corneas, the endothelial cells of which were over 100 years old (mean 106 years), was 923 cells/mm2 (range 585–1800 cells/mm2).ConclusionCorneal endothelial cells may remain viable and capable to perform their function over 100 years. Donor corneas up to 70–75 years of age can be approved for transplantation, provided that the endothelial cells have been thoroughly evaluated with vital staining before the operation.
Comparison of macular thickness and inflammatory cytokine levels after microincision versus small incision coaxial cataract surgery
Authors: Hwang Ho Sik , Ahn Ye Jin , Lee Hee Jin , Kim Man Soo , Kim Eun Chul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare the macular thickness and volume change, and inflammatory cytokine levels after cataract surgery performed using two different sizes of incision (microincision versus small incision).MethodsIn this randomized, comparative clinical trial, 84 eyes with nuclear density from Grade 3–4 were randomly divided into two groups (microincision, 2.2 mm; and small incision, 2.75 mm). Forty‐two patients underwent phacoemulsification with microincision coaxial cataract surgery and 42 patients underwent phacoemulsification with small incision coaxial cataract surgery. Clinical measurements included preoperative, 1‐week, 1‐month and 2‐month postoperative best corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell count. ELISA and RT‐PCR were performed for IL‐1β, IL‐6, VEGF and PGE2 preoperatively and at 1 week postoperatively.ResultsThe percentage increase in CCT in the microincision group was significantly higher than that in the small incision group at 1 week after cataract surgery (p = 0.01). The increase in macular thickness in the microincision group was significantly higher than that in small incision group at 1 month after cataract operation (p = 0.04). Also, IL‐1β, IL‐6, VEGF and PGE2 concentrations and their expression ratio in the microincision group were significantly higher than those in the small incision group at 1 week after cataract surgery compared to the preoperative period (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPhacoemulsification with microincision coaxial cataract surgery may increase the macular thickness compared to phacoemulsification with small incision coaxial cataract surgery. Blood–aqueous barrier breakdown may occur more frequently after microincision cataract surgery than after small incision cataract surgery.
Detection of classical Hodgkin lymphoma specific sequence in peripheral blood using a next‐generation sequencing approach
Authors: Oki Yasuhiro , Neelapu Sattva S. , Fanale Michelle , Kwak Larry W. , Fayad Luis , Rodriguez Maria A. , Wallace Michael , Klinger Mark , Carlton Victoria , Kong Katherine , Faham Malek , Younes Anas 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe applied a highly sensitive next‐generation sequencing method to identify lymphoma‐specific immunoglobulin gene segments in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) at initial diagnosis or recurrence, and assessed the ability of detecting such lymphoma‐specific sequences in peripheral blood (PB). Seventeen CHL cases were tested and lymphoma‐specific sequences were identified in 12 of the primary tumour biopsies. In 11 of these patients whose paired PB samples were available, tumour‐specific clonotypes were detected in PB in eight patients. This data demonstrates the feasibility of detecting circulating tumour‐specific sequences, creating an unprecedented opportunity to optimize the future treatment and monitoring strategies for patients with CHL.
CD133 allows elaborated discrimination and quantification of haematopoietic progenitor subsets in human haematopoietic stem cell transplants
Authors: Radtke Stefan , Görgens André , Kordelas Lambros , Schmidt Markus , Kimmig Klaus R. , Köninger Angela , Horn Peter A. , Giebel Bernd 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe success of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation largely depends on numbers of transplanted HSCs, which reside in the CD34+ populations of bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and umbilical cord blood (UCB). More specifically HSCs reside in the CD38low/− subpopulation, which cannot be objectively discriminated from mature CD34+ CD38+ progenitors. Thus, better marker combinations for the quantification of more primitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in transplants are required. Recently, by combining CD34 and CD133 we could clearly distinguish CD133+ CD34+ multipotent and lympho‐myeloid from CD133low CD34+ erythro‐myeloid progenitors in UCB samples. To qualify the assessment of CD133 for routine quality control of adult HSC sources, we analysed the developmental potentials of CD133+ and CD133low subpopulations in BM and PBSC. Similar to UCB, CD133 expression objectively discriminated functionally distinct subpopulations in adult HSC sources. By implementing anti‐CD45RA staining, which separates multipotent (CD133+ CD34+ CD45RA−) from lympho‐myeloid (CD133+ CD34+ CD45RA+) progenitor fractions, UCB was found to contain 2–3 times higher multipotent progenitor frequencies than BM and PBSC. To test for the consistency of CD133 expression, we compared CD133+ CD34+ contents of 128 UCB samples with maternal and obstetrical factors and obtained similar correlations to related studies focusing on CD34+ cell contents. In conclusion, implementation of anti‐CD133 staining into existing routine panels will improve the quality control analyses for HSC transplants.
The current status of prophylactic replacement therapy in children and adults with haemophilia
Authors: Ljung Rolf , Gretenkort Andersson Nadine 
Published: March 2015

SummaryInitiating prophylactic treatment at an early age is considered to be the optimal form of therapy for a child with haemophilia A or B. The pioneering long term experiences of prophylactic treatment from Sweden and The Netherlands demonstrated the benefit of prophylaxis in retrospective and observational studies. Decades later, these benefits were confirmed in a randomized controlled study in USA. We review the current status of prophylactic replacement therapy of haemophilia in children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Prophylaxis should begin at an early age and there are arguments for continuing it into adulthood. The dose of prophylaxis is dependent on the goal of treatment, economic resources and venous access and should be tailored individually. Starting the first exposures to clotting factor concentrates as prophylactic treatment, instead of on‐demand in response to a bleed, may decrease the frequency of inhibitors in patients with haemophilia A. Novel longer‐acting products are being introduced that could be helpful for patients with difficult venous access and enable higher trough levels.
Response to ruxolitinib in patients with intermediate‐1–, intermediate‐2–, and high‐risk myelofibrosis: results of the UK ROBUST Trial
Authors: Mead Adam J. , Milojkovic Dragana , Knapper Steven , Garg Mamta , Chacko Joseph , Farquharson Mira , Yin John , Ali Sahra , Clark Richard E. , Andrews Chris , Dawson Meryem Ktiouet , Harrison Claire 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMyelofibrosis is characterized by splenomegaly and debilitating constitutional symptoms that negatively impact patients’ quality of life. ROBUST, a UK, open‐label, phase II study, evaluated the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis (N = 48), including intermediate‐1 risk patients. The primary composite endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving treatment success [≥50% reduction in palpable spleen length and/or a ≥50% decrease in Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score (MF‐SAF TSS)] at 48 weeks. This was the first time that efficacy of ruxolitinib in myelofibrosis has been evaluated based on these criteria and the first time the MF‐SAF was used in a population of patients solely from the United Kingdom. Overall, 50% of patients and 57% of intermediate‐1 risk patients, achieved treatment success; reductions in spleen length and symptoms were observed in all risk groups. The majority of patients (66·7%) experienced ≥50% reductions from baseline in spleen length at any time. Improvements in MF‐SAF TSS were seen in 80·0%, 72·7%, and 72·2% of intermediate‐1, intermediate‐2, and high‐risk patients, respectively. Consistent with other studies of ruxolitinib, the most common haematological adverse events were anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Results indicate that most patients with myelofibrosis, including intermediate‐1 risk patients, may benefit from ruxolitinib treatment.
Mid‐Holocene history of a central European lake: Lake Komořany, Czech Republic
Authors: Bešta Tomáš , Novák Jan , Dreslerová Dagmar , Jankovská Vlasta , Bernardová Alexandra , Lisá Lenka , Valentová Daniela 
Published: April 2015

Palaeolimnological reconstruction of the aquatic environment in Lake Komořany, based on sedimentology, geochemistry, and diatom and macrofossil analyses in the littoral part of the basin, reflects the mid‐Holocene history of the profile from its origin c. 9100 cal. a BP to its final transformation into an alder carr c. 4100 cal. a BP. The existence of the littoral zone can be best explained by increased precipitation during the studied interval. A stable diatom community, diatom‐inferred total phosphorus (50–80 μg L−1) and pH (~7.6), along with stable concentrations of elements associated with changes in its watershed indicate a long‐lasting, balanced aquatic environment with no major shifts attributable to external factors, including climate change. From c. 4700 cal. BP, there started a transition to terrestrial conditions, caused by either natural infilling processes or decreased precipitation. Alternation of remarkable dry/wet phases was not detected, in contrast to numerous analogous central European and supraregional records. Potential human impact was revealed through increases of Corylus and Populus pollen in the Neolithic. These anthropogenic changes in the lake surroundings had no detectable influence on the lacustrine environment. The gathered data suggest undramatic, balanced mid‐Holocene environmental and climatic settings for this central European locality, in direct contrast to numerous analogous studies from the region emphasizing fluctuations and shifts found in the sediment record.
Prevalence of traumatic events and risk for psychological symptoms among community and at‐risk children and adolescents from Bangladesh
Authors: Deeba Farah , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundChildren from developing countries are more vulnerable to traumatic experiences and more likely to suffer a range of psychological problems than children from developed countries.MethodThe current paper describes a survey of 1360 children and adolescents from Bangladesh who were selected either from the general community or through a range of social service organizations. Children completed a checklist of traumatic events and questionnaires to assess symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression.ResultsChildren from both samples reported high levels of exposure to traumatic events, both via direct experience and indirectly. Direct experiences with intentional, man‐made events were more frequently reported by children from support services while trauma from natural disasters was more common among community children. Psychological symptoms were significantly higher within children from social support services. The strongest predictors of psychological symptoms were age, gender, sample source and exposure to man‐made direct traumas.ConclusionThe results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and their emotional consequences among children and adolescents from Bangladesh and indicate the need to develop effective and accessible mental health services for Bangladeshi children and adolescents.
Development of Maladaptive Coping: A Functional Adaptation to Chronic, Uncontrollable Stress
Authors: Wadsworth Martha E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHealth disparities are rooted in childhood and stem from adverse early environments that damage physiologic stress‐response systems. Developmental psychobiological models of the effects of chronic stress account for both the negative effects of a stress‐response system calibrated to a dangerous and unpredictable environment from a health perspective, and the positive effects of such an adaptively calibrated stress response from a functional perspective. Our research suggests that the contexts that produce functionally adapted physiologic responses to stress also encourage a functionally adapted coping response—coping that can result in maladjustment in physical and mental health, but enables children to grow and develop within those contexts. In this article, I highlight the value of reframing maladaptive coping as functional adaptation to understand more completely the development of children's coping in different contexts, and the value of such a conceptual shift for coping‐based theory, research, and intervention.