bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a framework for the successful implementation of energy retrofit projects
Authors: O. Roper Kathy , Pope Bryan 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– A framework for the successful implementation of energy retrofit projects in all settings, including those found within some non-profit organizations, is proposed. Strategies for overcoming common challenges along with experiences gained through a real-life case study of a multi-facility retrofit project were researched. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research incorporates strategies identified in existing literature with a variety of techniques and includes information from a detailed case study involving the retrofit of multiple buildings within a public park. Combined research strategies and real-life experience through the case study are used to develop a framework for recommended framework to analyze the completion of retrofit projects.

Findings
– Common obstacles encountered by energy retrofit projects in the USA and Europe were identified. The retrofit case also experienced these challenges in varying degrees. Application of these practices was implemented and applied to each specific situation within the project and documented for analysis.

Originality/value
– Current research tends to be focused on the implementation of energy efficient solutions as justified by a quick rate of return and long term savings. However, few projects in not-for-profit situations where a grant or donation is the funding source, and ROI is not measured from a traditional financial standpoint, have been researched.
Effective management of international technology transfer projects
Authors: Vieira Junior Milton , Cezar Lucato Wagner , Maria Vanalle Rosangela , Jagoda Kalinga 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The Brazilian textile industry has been facing fierce competition from low-cost imports from China and other Far East countries. To maintain their competitiveness in the local market, Brazilian companies have been adopting the product differentiation strategy. By using new technologies, they are able to develop new products with better quality at lower costs. With regard to new technologies, companies in the Brazilian textile industry have been using get-some and buy-some strategy, and international technology transfer (TT) has become an important part of their business strategies. However, due to lack of planning, many projects failed to achieve the desired results. This paper aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance on how textile firms could use a stage-gate model to enhance the effectiveness of their TT projects.Design/methodology/approach– In order to investigate the TT practices in the Brazilian context, three issues are assessed. First, the paper evaluates the possibility of deploying TT practices used by firms in similar industries, to enhance the effectiveness of TT process. Second, it verifies whether it is possible for the textile firms to use a stage-gate model to manage their TT processes, using as a normative framework the stage-gate model proposed by Jagoda and Ramanathan and Jagodaet al.Finally, possible changes to the stage-gate model are evaluated to specifically fit the Brazilian textile sector. This step is accomplished through four case studies from the Brazilian textile industry.Findings– The analyses of TT projects carried out by four companies show that there are many similarities and differences among the TT practices that are employed by the four companies that were investigated. The evaluation of the TT practices of the Brazilian textile companies against the stage-gate framework allowed authors to identify the gaps between the model and the TT practices of the companies investigated. Broader guidelines in adapting the stage-gate model to improve the TT process in the textile industry are discussed in the final part of this study.Originality/value– The TT process in the Brazilian textile industry is not a widely investigated phenomenon; however, this process has been critical to enhancing Brazil's competitiveness. Thus, providing a better framework to support the TT process in the local textile sector could be relevant information for improving management action in the area.
Manufacturing strategy frameworks suitable for SMEs
Authors: Löfving Malin , Säfsten Kristina , Winroth Mats 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The paper aims at increasing the understanding of how manufacturing strategy formulation can be facilitated in SMEs.Design/methodology/approach– The research presented in this paper follows a four-stage logic. Initially, a literature review was conducted identifying a number of manufacturing strategy frameworks. Thereafter, theoretical and practical assessment criteria were established. The SME requirements were identified through five case studies. Based on these assessment criteria, identified manufacturing strategy formulation frameworks were evaluated. When a framework was found that fulfilled most of the requirements set out, a detailed analysis of the framework was done, based on criteria related to specific SME characteristics.Findings– In total, 15 different manufacturing strategy formulation frameworks were identified in the literature. To evaluate the suitability of these frameworks in SMEs, a number of assessment criteria were established, both in theory and in practice. These assessment criteria were grouped into three parts based on their character: procedure, realisation and contextual issues. The assessment of the 15 frameworks revealed that among the identified frameworks there was one framework that stood out and fulfilled several of the criteria. However, the frameworks still need to be adapted to the specific SME characteristics.Originality/value– Although a number of manufacturing strategy frameworks exist, their usability in practice has seldom been investigated. The results presented provide valuable knowledge for the continued work of rendering manufacturing strategy frameworks suitable and thereby useful for SMEs.
Future challenges for manufacturing
Authors: Bennett David 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– This Editorial Viewpoint explores what changes are taking place in manufacturing technology management with the aim of identifying future challenges that should be represented in the scope of JMTM.

Design/methodology/approach
– The viewpoints use an analysis of relevant articles in JMTM, published since 2007, which have focused on future challenges for manufacturing. It also draws on two recent reports.

Findings
– While the analysis confirms the inclusion of some subjects already in the journal scope, there are elsewhere gaps that merit it being expanded.

Research limitations/implications
– Evidence for the findings is only from a limited number of articles identified in this journal together supplemented by other secondary sources.

Practical implications
– There are implications for practice concerning the future of manufacturing from the analysis and the sources used, especially the reports.

Originality/value
– Although it has limitations, the article is based on original bibliographic research.
Why do venture capitalists use such high discount rates?
Authors: Bhagat Sanjai 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– Venture capitalists typically use discount rates in the range of 30-70 percent. During the startup stage of venture-capital financing, discount rates between 50 and 70 percent are common. The discount rate decreases from the first through fourth stage: from 60 to 30 percent. These rates of return are high compared to historical returns on common stocks or small stocks (12.1 and 17.8 percent, respectively). Such high discount rates cannot also be explained in the context of any existing asset pricing theory; that is, any reasonable risk-adjusted discount rates are not consistent with discount rates in the order of 30-60 percent. The paper provides a rational economic explanation why venture capitalists (VC) use such high discount rates. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Let the discount rate of a venture project be 15 percent; this discount rate depends on the systematic risk of the cash flows from the project given that the project is successful. Using the procedure, a VC who estimates the probability of eventual success of the project between 60 and 40 percent will impose a discount rate between 42 and 74 percent. These discount rates are quite similar to the discount rates charged by VC in their startup and first stages.

Findings
– The high rates of return charged by VC reflect the fact that not all their projects succeed in that they have no net cash-inflows. Adjusting for the probability of success of the project provides estimates of discount rates comparable.

Originality/value
– The paper argues that reported rates of return of common stock are relevant for projects that have succeeded in that they have net cash-inflows.
Sexuality in organizations
Authors: De March François 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– This article aims to examine the theme of “sexuality in organizations” according to the theory of eroticism of Georges Bataille (1897-1962).

Design/methodology/approach
– The author reviewed Bataille's essays in order to identify the salient points of his analysis of eroticism, before applying them to the organizations.

Findings
– The anthropologic notions of prohibition and transgression (antagonistic yet complementary) facilitate a different view of the opposition formulated in critical management studies as between desexualization and resexualization. These notions also open up quite a number of lines of research in the analysis of the sexuality of organizations.

Research limitations/implications
– These lines of research call for further work particularly in the basic ground work.

Originality/value
– Georges Bataille's insights have been used very rarely in organizational analysis, even those of critical stream in management. The theme of sexuality in organizations has been largely ignored by mainstream.
The ongoing monitoring of societal responsibility in management research activities
Authors: Dreveton Benjamin , De La Ville Valérie-Inés 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– This article aims to highlight the need to explore the concept of social responsibility at the very heart of research activity. Questioning the social responsibility of research activities in management provides the opportunity to take a fresh look at the criteria used to assess its usefulness.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on a secondary analysis of a longitudinal research process, this paper emphasizes the importance of achieving an ongoing co-monitoring of the issues about social responsibility involved in research.Findings– This reflection leads to a first characterization of two key dimensions of the societal responsibility of researchers in management: their professional responsibility and their institutional responsibility.Research limitations/implications– It is meant to encourage researchers to design a relevant instrumentation to help them negotiate, make explicit and co-monitor the issues of social responsibility involved in their empirical investigations as well as in their theoretical elaborations.Social implications– As research projects are socially situated activities, always infused with values and ideologies, it is crucial that researchers reflect upon the axiology guiding their empirical and theoretical work.Originality/value– In order to achieve an ongoing co-monitoring of the issues about social responsibility involved in management research, the article suggests a heuristic deviated use of the balanced scorecard.
Characteristic systemic cytokine responses in children with human bocavirus‐positive lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Hirose Yosuke , Hamada Hiromichi , Wakui Taku , Ogawa Tomoko , Terai Masaru 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo investigate systemic cytokine responses in human bocavirus (HBoV)‐associated lower respiratory tract infection, serum cytokine profiles were analyzed in HBoV positive‐children (n = 14) using multiplex immunoassay. Concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐5 and IL‐8 on admission were significantly different from those of respiratory syncytial virus‐positive children (n = 28). This unique cytokine response might partly explain some characteristic clinical features of HBoV‐associated respiratory infection.
A targeted next‐generation sequencing toolkit for exon‐based cichlid phylogenomics
Authors: Ilves Katriina L. , López‐Fernández Hernán 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCichlid fishes (family Cichlidae) are models for evolutionary and ecological research. Massively parallel sequencing approaches have been successfully applied to study relatively recent diversification in groups of African and Neotropical cichlids, but such technologies have yet to be used for addressing larger‐scale phylogenetic questions of cichlid evolution. Here, we describe a process for identifying putative single‐copy exons from five African cichlid genomes and sequence the targeted exons for a range of divergent (>tens of millions of years) taxa with probes designed from a single reference species (Oreochromis niloticus, Nile tilapia). Targeted sequencing of 923 exons across 10 cichlid species that represent the family's major lineages and geographic distribution resulted in a complete taxon matrix of 564 exons (649 549 bp), representing 559 genes. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses in both species tree and concatenation frameworks yielded the same fully resolved and highly supported topology, which matched the expected backbone phylogeny of the major cichlid lineages. This work adds to the body of evidence that it is possible to use a relatively divergent reference genome for exon target design and successful capture across a broad phylogenetic range of species. Furthermore, our results show that the use of a third‐party laboratory coupled with accessible bioinformatics tools makes such phylogenomics projects feasible for research groups that lack direct access to genomic facilities. We expect that these resources will be used in further cichlid evolution studies and hope the protocols and identified targets will also be useful for phylogenetic studies of a wider range of organisms.
Progress Towards Gender Democracy in UK Unions 1987–2012
Authors: Kirton Gill 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article provides a detailed chronological account of the extent of overall change in women's representation in UK unions' structures of democracy and in unions' adoption of gender equality (GE) strategies over a 25‐year period (1987–2012). The findings reveal huge progress towards gender proportionality and towards getting women's concerns on the union agenda. The evidence strongly suggests that at least in part this progress can be attributed to the wide range of GE strategies increasingly adopted over the period. However, the article exposes persistent gaps and warns against regarding the union gender democracy project as finished business.
Reversal of SIN‐1‐induced eNOS dysfunction by the spin trap, DMPO, in bovine aortic endothelial cells via eNOS phosphorylation
Authors: Das Amlan , Gopalakrishnan Bhavani , Druhan Lawrence J , Wang Tse‐Yao , De Pascali Francesco , Rockenbauer Antal , Racoma Ira , Varadharaj Saradhadevi , Zweier Jay L , Cardounel Arturo J , Villamena Frederick A 
Published: January 2014

Background and PurposeNitric oxide (NO) derived from eNOS is mostly responsible for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and its decreased bioavailability is characteristic of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced endothelial dysfunction (ED). Because 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), a commonly used spin trap, can control intracellular nitroso‐redox balance by scavenging ROS and donating NO, it was employed as a cardioprotective agent against ED but the mechanism of its protection is still not clear. This study elucidated the mechanism of protection by DMPO against SIN‐1‐induced oxidative injury to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC).Experimental ApproachBAEC were treated with SIN‐1, as a source of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−), and then incubated with DMPO. Cytotoxicity following SIN‐1 alone and cytoprotection by adding DMPO was assessed by MTT assay. Levels of ROS and NO generation from HEK293 cells transfected with wild‐type and mutant eNOS cDNAs, tetrahydrobiopterin bioavailability, eNOS activity, eNOS and Akt kinase phosphorylation were measured.Key ResultsPost‐treatment of cells with DMPO attenuated SIN‐1‐mediated cytotoxicity and ROS generation, restoration of NO levels via increased in eNOS activity and phospho‐eNOS levels. Treatment with DMPO alone significantly increased NO levels and induced phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1179 via Akt kinase. Transfection studies with wild‐type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2−) with SIN‐1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO.Conclusion and ImplicationsPost‐treatment with DMPO of oxidatively challenged cells reversed eNOS dysfunction and could have pharmacological implications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Locomotion in caterpillars
Authors: van Griethuijsen L. I. , Trimmer B. A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMost species of caterpillar move around by inching or crawling. Their ability to navigate in branching three‐dimensional structures makes them particularly interesting biomechanical subjects. The mechanism of inching has not been investigated in detail, but crawling is now well understood from studies on caterpillar neural activity, dynamics and structural mechanics. Early papers describe caterpillar crawling as legged peristalsis, but recent work suggests that caterpillars use a tension‐based mechanism that helps them to exploit arboreal niches. Caterpillars are not obligate hydrostats but instead use their strong grip to the substrate to transmit forces, in effect using their environment as a skeleton. In addition, the gut which accounts for a substantial part of the caterpillar's weight, moves independently of the body wall during locomotion and may contribute to crawling dynamics. Work‐loop analysis of caterpillar muscles shows that they are likely to act both as actuators and energy dissipaters during crawling. Because caterpillar tissues are pseudo‐elastic, and locomotion involves large body deformations, moving is energetically inefficient. Possession of a soft body benefits caterpillars by allowing them to grow quickly and to access remote food sources safely.
Evaluation of different anti‐asthmatic drugs on cooling‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Mustafa Seham 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundInhalation of cold air is a well‐recognized cause of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Sudden changes in weather temperature outdoors and indoors due to the extensive use of air conditioning in Kuwait is an important existing problem.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the most effective anti‐asthmatic drugs for preventing or reversing cooling‐induced contraction (CIC).MethodsWe recorded isometric tension from tracheal strips, and bronchiolar rings were prepared from male Merino sheep in organ baths during stepwise cooling. CIC was tested before and after addition of various standard agents. Disodium cromoglycate (DSG), methyl prednisolone, atropine, aminophylline, isoprenaline and adrenaline were examined in two cases. The first was before cooling and the second was after cooling induced the maximum bronchoconstriction.ResultsCooling to 20°C induced a rapid and reproducible contraction in ovine tracheal and bronchial preparations. On readjustment to 37°C, the tone returned rapidly to basal level. DSG, methyl prednisolone and atropine did not prevent or reverse the CIC. Aminophylline prevented CIC by 70%. It inhibited the peak of cooling response by 70%. β‐agonists (isoprenaline and adrenaline) abolished the CIC, and they also rapidly and totally reversed the cooling effect when added at the peak of bronchoconstriction.ConclusionsThese results proved that β‐agonists are the drugs of choice in preventing the bronchoconstriction before exposure to cold environment and also completely reversing the bronchoconstriction induced after cooling exposure.
Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography—Financial Literacy in Context
Authors: Clark Gordon L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFinancial literacy has caught the attention of policy makers around the world. A major research program has been initiated by the World Bank aimed at mapping patterns of financial literacy in developed and developing economies. In this article, I explain the conceptual foundations of the literacy project, develop a critique of its testing procedures, and suggest that, at the limit, it is an impossible project. At every turn, standard tests of financial literacy dissolve into spatially and temporally specific phenomena that undercut the possibility of shared interpretations of notionally common problems. Nonetheless, the literacy mapping project is important for what it reveals about the geographic and sociodemographic patterns of financial knowledge. My research on financial decision making has been based, in part, on a concern for the nature and scope of financial knowledge and understanding in the context of risk and uncertainty. Thus, the trick is to anchor financial literacy programs in ways that are relevant to everyday life. These arguments are illustrated with reference to the relevant literature, published and unpublished research on financial literacy among German residents, and an innovative financial literacy program that is fine‐tuned to people's circumstances.
Body Size and the Built Environment: Creating an Inclusive Built Environment using Universal Design
Authors: Pritchard Erin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWithin Geography, the subject of body size is now gaining momentum, with a growing body of research, which focuses on how the sized body interacts with, and experiences spaces. There is some contention as to whether body sizes, which go beyond the norm, are disabled, which is often blamed on a lack of understanding of what disability is. This paper argues that spaces are disabling for different body sizes, due to the way they are constructed, and that spaces need to be made enabling in order to provide equal access for all. It is suggested that writers within geographies of body size could change focus from how spaces are disabling, to how spaces can become enabling for different body sizes, through engaging with the concept of universal design. The main aim of universal design is to accommodate for a range of different bodies, including different body sizes and thus providing equal access within the built environment.