bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two new species of <i>Gladiolus</i> (Iridaceae: Ixioideae) from South Africa and notes on long-proboscid fly pollination in the genus
Authors: Manning J. C. , Goldblatt P. , Winter P. J. D. 
Published: July 2015

Gladiolus rhodanthus is a new species known from a single population on the summit of the Stettynsberg near Villiersdorp in Western Cape. South Africa The species most closely resembles G. hirsutus and G caryophyllaceus but differs from both in flower shape and markings and in its ecology and reproductive biology. It forms part of a guild of long- tubed, pink-flowered species including Erica praecox, Pelargonium radiatum and Watsonia paucifolia which are pollinated by an undescribed long-proboscid fly. Moegistorhynchus sp nov. (Diptera : Nemestrinidae). Gladiolus sekukuniensis is a new species known from three populations south of the Strydpoortberge in Northern Province It closely resembles G. permeahilis subsp edulis in vegetative features and in flower form, but differs from it in flower colour and in the elongate peri­anth tube. These floral features are apparently adaptations to pollination by long-proboscid flies.
Studies in the Sphaerocarpales (Hepaticae) from southern Africa. 3. The genus <i>Riella</i> and its local species
Authors: Perold S. M. 
Published: July 2015

Hepaticae, Riella Mont., R. affinis M.Howe Underw.. R. alatospora Wigglesworth. R. capensis Cavers. Riellaceae Engl., R. echinospora Wigglesworth, R. purpureospora Wigglesworth, Riellineae R.M.Schust., southern Africa. Sphaerocarpales Cavers, subgenus Riella. subgenus Trabutiella Porsild
A lexicon of plants traded in the Witwatersrand <i>umuthi shops</i>, South Africa
Authors: Williams V. L. , Balkwill K. , Witkowski E. T. F. 
Published: July 2015

At least 511 medicinal plant species are traded commercially in 50 Witwatersrand umuthi shops. The plants are listedalphabetically by genus and common (vernacular) name. The orthographic vernacular names, as well as the orthographicvariations in these names, are incorporated into the list. Annotations include the plant family, the number of umuthi shopsstocking the species, the language of the common name, and the plant part traded. The plant family in the region which hasthe highest number of species and infraspecific taxa in trade is Liliaceae sensu lato., followed in descending order by Fabaceae, Asteraceae. Euphorbiaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Approximately 88.6% of the vernacular names are in Zulu. Themean number of umuthi shops per species is 12.3. ranging from 1 to 41. Three hundred and fifty three species (69.2%) occurin the four northern provinces, and 23 species are listed as threatened on the Red Data List.
Vegetation-environment relationships in a catchment containing a dambo in central Zimbabwe
Authors: Mapaure I. , McCartney M. P. 
Published: July 2015

Seasonally saturated wetlands, known as dambos. are a common landscape element throughout much of southern Africa. The diversity of species composition within catchments containing dambos is widely attributed to hydrological conditions, but plant-water relationships are poorly established. In this paper a detailed classification and a vegetation map are presented for a small catchment in central Zimbabwe containing a dambo. Canonical Correspondence Analysis has been applied to explore the link between vegetation composition and environmental variables. This confirms that water is a key influence in species distribution and small-scale patterning of vegetation within the catchment.
Studies in the liverwort family Aneuraceae (Metzgeriales) from southern Africa. 1. The genus <i>Aneura</i> and its local representative
Authors: Perold S. M. 
Published: July 2015

This is the first of several projected articles dealing with the southern African Aneuraceae H.Klinggr. The family is cosmopolitan and comprises two subfamilies, only one of which, the Aneuroideae. with two genera. Aneura Dumort. and Riccardia Gray, occurs locally. Because of the taxonomic problems associated with this family and the scarcity of fruiting material, only one taxon in the genus Aneura, A. pinguis (L.) Dumort., has so far been accepted in this treatment. This is not meant to imply, however, that A. pseudopinguis Herzog does not occur in southern Africa: only, that the specimens I have examined, all belong to A. pinguis. A description and illustrations of A. pinguis. together with a distribution map are provided.
Pollen morphology and biometry of the genus <i>Androcymbium</i> (Colchicaceae) in southern Africa: taxonomic and biogeographic considerations
Authors: Membrives N. , Martín J. , Caujapé-Castells J. , Pedrola-Monfort J 
Published: July 2015

Pollen characters in 16 southern African type specimens of Androcymbium Willd. that represent the three sections into which the genus is presently divided (Androcymbium, Dregeocymbium and Erythrostictus), were examined to assess the possibility of sectional characterization based on pollen traits and to explore the relationship between pollen traits and geo­graphic species distribution. Differences in pollen grain size, shape, number of apertures and exine pattern, were observed. Principal Component Analysis, using both qualitative and biometric pollen characters, distinguished four groups of species with four different pollen types. Most of the species have a microreticulate exine pattern with either diaperturate or tria- perturate grains. The remaining species have either a rugulate exine pattern with diaperturate grains, or a rugulate-reticu- late exine pattern with thickened (hypertrophied) muri with diaperturate grains. While section Dregeocymbium can be well delimited by the unique thickened muri. and by a significantly larger grain size, no diagnostic pollen traits were found for sections Androcymbium and Erythrostictus. Similarly, although the six northern African species exhibit a microreticulate exine pattern, the high variability observed for this trait in their southern African counterparts, does not follow a geographic pattern.
The genus <i>Trichodesma</i> (Boraginaceae: Boraginoideae) in southern Africa
Authors: Retief E. 
Published: July 2015

Trichodesma R.Br. is a genus of about 45 species known from tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. Asia and Australia. The group comprises predominantly perennial herbs, the flowers characterized by anthers with prolonged connectives, often twisting above the thecae. and a prominent accrescent calyx. Five species and three subspecies of 7rii hodesma are currently recognized in southern Africa, with T. angustifolium Harv. subsp. argenteum Relief A.E.van Wyk newly described. These taxa are widespread in southern Africa, occurring in various vegetation types. A key to the species, descriptions, distribution maps and illustrations of various micro- and macromorphological as well as palvnological features are provided.
Six new species and one new subspecies of <i>Erica</i> (Ericaceae) from Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Oliver E. G. H. , Oliver I. M. 
Published: July 2015

Two new species and one new subspecies belonging in §Ceramia of the genus Erica L. are described from the western half of the province—E. cavartica known from a single collection growing in a cave in the Cederberg. E. amalophylla con­fined to a shaded rocky overhang and known only from a single collection in the Porterville Mountains and E. cymosa subsp. grandiflora occurring in the mountains between Ceres and Worcester. Four new species are described from mountains in the Little Karoo area—E. schelpeorum occurring widespread mostly in dry watercourses in arid vegetation at low altitudes, E. lithophila found only in dry rock crevices at high altitude in the eastern Swartberg and Kammanassie Mountains, E. umbratica confined to shaded rocky habitats and known only from a few. very localized small populations at low altitude in Meiringspoort, and E. annalis restricted to the arid habitats on lower northern slopes of Kammanassie Mountains. Each is provided with a detailed drawing and a distribution map.
The genus <i>Solanum</i> (Solanaceae) in southern Africa: subgenus <i>Leptostemonum</i>, the introduced sections <i>Acanthophora</i> and <i>Torva</i>
Authors: Welman W. G. 
Published: July 2015

In the genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae), subgenus Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter, section Acanthophora Dunal has four representatives in the Flora of southern Africa region (South Africa. Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia. Botswana), namely S. aculeatissimum Jacq.. S. capsicoides Allioni. S. mammosum L. (cultivated only) and S. viarum Dunal. Section Ton a Nees has two representatives in southern Africa, namely S. chnsotriclium Schltdl. (S. hispidum auctt. non Pers.) and S. ton um Sw.; both are naturalized weeds. Solanum capsicoides, S. viarum and S. torvum have not been listed before for southern Africa. All are introduced species native to the New World. Descriptions, discussions, illustrations and distribution maps of the naturalized species are presented, as well as keys to the species of both sections.
More accurate publication dates for H.C. Andrews’ <i>The Heathery</i>, particularly volumes 5 and 6
Authors: Cleevely R. J. , Nelson E. C. , Oliver E. G. H. 
Published: July 2015

Using three types of evidence—dated watermarks; dates of flow ering of Erica L. species in cultiv ation in England: dates on which Andrews prepared the original drawings—it is concluded that the six volumes of Henry Charles Andrews’ The Heathery were published as follows: volume 1. not earlier than June 1805; volume 2. not earlier than 1806: volume 3. 1806; volume 4, 1807; volume 5, not before 1816; volume 6. late in 1828 Consequently, most, if not all. of Andrews' new names for Erica species were first published in Coloured engravings of heaths..
Taxonomic notes and new species of the southern African genus <i>Babiana</i> (Iridaceae: Crocoideae)
Authors: Goldblatt P. 
Published: July 2015

A member of Iridaceae subfamily Crocoideae. Babiana Ker Gawl. comprises some 80 species from southern Africa. Field studies have shown the need for several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, while a number of new species have been discovered. The type of B flabellifolia Harv. ex Klatt is a short-tubed plant that matches B. truncata GJ.Lewis. and that name falls into synonymy. The name B. flabellifolia sensu GJ.Lewis (1959) has been misapplied to long-tubed plants from the western Karoo which are now renamed B. praemorsa sp. nov. In addition. B. truncata, as originally circumscribed, included two species, one short-tubed and a second with a longer tube, which we describe here as B. cuneata sp. nov. The type off? hypogaea Burch, has also been misinterpreted and matches the species described as B.flavida. which thus falls into the synonymy of B hypogaea. A second species. B.falcata GJ.Lewis. closely matches this species and is also reduced to synonymy. The widespread southern African species long known as B hypogaea (hypogea sensu GJ.Lewis) matches the type ol B. bainesii Baker and must now be known by that name. Babiana stricta var. erectifolia (GJ.Lewis) GJ.Lewis is appropriately included in typical B. stricta (Aiton) Ker Gawl. However, var. regia GJ.Lewis is a very different plant and is treated as a separate species. B. regia comb, et stat. nov.. as is long-tubed var. grandiflora GJ.Lewis. which is described as the new species, B. longiflora sp. nov. Plants included in B. stricta var. sulphurea sensu GJ.Lewis are also included in var. stricta. We are unable to match the type of Gladiolus sulphureus Jacq.. basionym of var. sulphurea (Jacq.) Baker, with any known species and the name is thus excluded. Lastly, the name B. disticha Ker Gaw l., type of the genus, is superfluous for Gladiolus fragrans Jacq. and the new combination B fragrans comb. nov. is made, reducing B. disticha to synonymy. Babiana fragrans Eckl., which was thought to prevent the transfer of G. fragrans. is a nomen nudum and thus invalid and cannot be taken into account in considerations of nomenclatural priority.
Extrafloral nectaries in Combretaceae: morphology, anatomy and taxonomic significance
Authors: Tilney P. M. , Van Wyk A. E. 
Published: July 2015

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in members of the Combretaceae are nectaries not involved with pollination and occurring on vegetative structures; they are believed to attract ants to protect plants against herbivorv by other insects. In the Combretaceae EFNs are reported in species of Terminalia L. and Pteleopsis Engl., putative EFNs in Meiostemon Exell Stace and Quisqualis L., and an absence of EFNs in Combretum Loefl. and Lumnitzera Willd. EFNs in the family are generally spherical in shape and may be raised, level with the surface or somewhat concave. They are similar in the Terminalia and Pteleopsis species where they display varying degrees of internal zonation and are composed of small cells; those species observed in the field were all found to have functional EFNs. In Meiostemon tetrandrum (Exell) Exell Stace, Quisqualis indica L.. Q. littorea (Engl.) Exell and Q. paviflora Gerrard ex Sond.. apparent EFNs lack internal zonation and are composed of enlarged cells; confirmation is required as to whether these are functional . The formation of EFNs appears to be highly flexible. They are usually essentially associated with new growth but their occurrence is sporadic and they do not appear on every leaf or every' branch of a plant. The distribution of EFNs on leaves, when present, is of taxonomic significance to separate species of Pteleopsis and Terminalia: otherwise the presence or absence and distribution of EFNs are too variable and sporadic in occurrence to be of taxonomic significance at the species level. Indiscriminate use of the terms gland and domatium instead of EFN. and possible confusion with damage caused by other organisms, has probably con­tributed to many of these structures not previously being recorded as EFNs. Floral and extrafloral nectar samples of T. phanerophlebia Engl. Diels differed in sugar composition.
Three new species and a new synonym in <i>Strumaria</i> (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae) from southern Africa
Authors: Snijman D. A. 
Published: July 2015

Newly described are three species of Strumaria Jacq. subgenus Strumaria. S. prolifera Snijman from the Kourkammaberg in Namaqualand, South Africa, is a rare species closely allied to 5. barbarae Oberm. S. speciosa Snijman from the Sonberg, southern Namibia and S. luteoloba Snijman from Namuskluft, southern Namibia and the Richtersveld in Northern Cape, South Africa, are rare species closely related to S. phonolithica Dinter. S. gigantea D.Mull.-Doblies U.Miill.-Doblies is formally presented as a new synonym of S. phonolithica. A key to the species in Strumaria subgenus Strumaria is given.
The genus <i>Erica</i> (Ericaceae) in southern Africa: taxonomic notes 2
Authors: Oliver E. G. H. , Oliver I. M. 
Published: July 2015

This is a continuation in the series of notes from Bothalia 32 (2002) reflecting the status of species of Erica L. recognized in the Compton Herbarium. These notes cover the 43 species currently included in the section Evanthe of Flora capensis. Five new species, E. ceraria. E. croceovirens. E. gerhardii. E. prolata and E. viridimontana and six new sub­species are described.
Two new species of <i>Erica</i> (Ericaceae) from the Langeberg, Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Turner R. C. , Oliver E. G. H. 
Published: July 2015

Two new species of the genus Erica L. from the north-facing slopes of the Langeberg are described— E turneri, known only from the type locality on Zuurbraak Mountain and E. euryphylla, occurring on the same mountain slope, as well as on the middle north-facing slopes of Hermitage Peak near Misty Point in the Marloth Nature Reserve above Swellendam.
Two new species of <i>Spiloxene</i> (Hypoxidaceae) from the northwestern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Snijman D. A. 
Published: July 2015

Newly described are two new species of Spiloxene Salisb.: S. nana Snijman from the Bokkeveld Escarpment, Northern Cape Province, is a shade-loving plant with narrow, pale green leaves and small, white or rarely cream-coloured flowers; S. pusilla Snijman from the Matsikamma, Gifberg and Pakhuis Mountains. Western Cape Province, resembles S. nana in habit but the yellow- or white-tepalled flowers which are tetramerous or hexamerous have darkly coloured stamens and style and an ovary with a short, solid, narrow prolongation at the apex. Inhabiting rock overhangs formed by quartzitic sandstone sheets, both species are close allies of S. scullyi (Baker) Garside from Namaqualand.
Comparisons of invasive plants in southern Africa originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions
Authors: Henderson L. 
Published: July 2015

A subset of invasive alien plant species in southern Africa was analysed in terms of their history of introduction, rate of spread, countries/region of origin, taxonomy, growth forms, cultivated uses, weed status and current distribution in southern Africa, and comparisons made of those originating from south of the tropic of Capricorn, north of the tropic of Cancer and from the tropics. The subset of 233 species, belonging to 58 families, includes all important declared species and some potentially important species. Almost as many species originate from temperate regions (112) as from the tropics (121). Most southern temperate species came from Australia (28/36), most tropical species from tropical America (92/121) and most northern temperate species from Europe (including the Mediterranean) and Asia (58/76). Transformers account for 33% of all species. More transformers are of tropical origin (36) than of northern temperate (24) and southern temperate origin (18). However. 50% of southern temperate species are transformers, compared to 32% of northern temperate and 29% of tropical species. Southern temperate transformer species are mainly woody trees and shrubs that were established on a grand scale as silvicultural crops, barriers (hedges, windbreaks and screens) and cover/binders. Most aquatics, herbs, climbers and succulent shrubs an. trom the tropics. Ornamentals are the single largest category of plants from all three regions, the tropics having contributed twice as many species as temperate regions.
Notes on new and misunderstood taxa of <i>Cyrtanthus</i> (Amaryllidaceae: Cyrtantheae) from the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa
Authors: Snijman D. A. 
Published: July 2015

Cyrtanthus aureolinus Snijman is a new, rare species of fire lily, which is localized in a vlei on the northern slopes of the Groot Swartberg, Western Cape. The upright or slightly spreading, yellow to cream-coloured flowers and the perigone tube which gradually widens to the throat suggest that it is closely related to the Western Cape endemic, C. ochroleucus (Herb.) Burch, ex Steud., and C. mackenii Hook.f., a variable species from southern KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. The species differs mainly by the shape, size and position of the tepals and the length of the filaments. Cyrtanthus mackenii var. cooperi (Baker) R.A.Dyer is raised to subspecies rank as C. mackenii subsp. cooperi (Baker) Snijman. Its hysteranthous leaf habit and grassland habitat differ from the riverine habitat of the evergreen C. mackenii subsp. mackenii. Described in detail are C. aureolinus, C. ochroleucus, and C. mackenii.
Name changes in the Old World <i>Rhus</i> and recognition of <i>Searsia</i> (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Moffett R. O. 
Published: July 2015

The background to and status of the genus Searsia F.A.Barkley (Anacardiaceae) is discussed and reasons given as to why it is the correct name for those Old World species in the Rhus complex fonnely regarded as subgenus Thezera (DC.) K.Koch (section Gerontogeae Engl.). An annotated list of all the accepted 111 species and 28 fiirther infraspecific taxa in Searsia is presented, and where necessary, new combinations are made and types are designated.
New species and notes on <i>Hesperantha</i> (Iridaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C. 
Published: July 2015

Field studies of the sub-Saharan African and largely southern African Hesperantha conducted since 2003 have resulted in the discovery of three new species in this genus, bringing the total to 82. Hesperantha longistyla J.C.Manning Goldblatt. known from one collection from the mountains of SW Namibia, is a dwarf plant with moderately long-tubed, purple flowers and unusually long style branches, possibly allied to the Kamiesberg species, H. latifolia. A second species, H. helmei Goldblatt J.C.Manning, also known from a single collection from the interior mountains of Eastern Cape near Graaff- Reinet, has terete leaves and small flowers with tepals ± 8 x 2.5 mm, about as long as the perianth tube. It is apparently most closely allied to the Roggeveld species, H. cliolata. A third novelty, H. lithicola J.C.Manning Goldblatt. restricted to the Swartruggens range in the eastern Cold Bokkeveld, has bell-shaped corms with toothed margins, leaves 1-2 mm wide, and white flowers with a tube 10-12 mm long, and appears most closely allied to the widespread H. falcata. A new collection of H karooica from northeast of the Hantamsberg represents a small but significant range extension for this local endemic previously known from just two collections near Calvinia, south of these mountains. The flower size, especially dimensions of the tepals, confirms its status as a separate species allied to H. vaginata. Lastly, new collections o f the relatively uncommon, yellow-flowered variant of H. acuta show that this plant, confined to the eastem portion of the range of the species, differs consistently from the white-flowered form in several floral features, and it is raised to subspecies rank as H. acuta subsp. tugwelliae.
Seasonal variation in soil seed bank size and species composition of selected habitat types in Maputaland, South Africa
Authors: Kellerman M. J. S. , Van Rooyen M. W. 
Published: July 2015

Seasonal variation in seed bank size and species composition of five selected habitat types within the Tembe Elephant Park. South Africa, was investigated. At three-month intervals, soil samples were randomly collected from five different habitat types: a, Licuati forest; b, Licuati thicket; c, a bare or sparsely vegetated zone surrounding the forest edge, referred to as the forest/grassland ecotone; d, grassland; and e, open woodland. Most species in the seed bank flora were either grasses, sedges, or forbs, with hardly any evidence of woody species. The Licuati forest and thicket soils produced the lowest seed densities in all seasons. Licuati forest and grassland seed banks showed a two-fold seasonal variation in size, those of the Licuati thicket and woodland a three-fold variation in size, whereas the forest/grassland ecotone maintained a relatively large seed bank all year round. The woodland seed bank had the highest species richness, whereas the Licuati forest and thicket soils were poor in species. Generally, it was found that the greatest correspondence in species composition was between the Licuati forest and thicket, as well as the forest/grassland ecotone and grassland seed bank floras.