bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low onset voltage WORM type polymer memory based on functional PES
Authors: Fang Jiyong , Zhang Haibo , Wei Wei , Li Yunxi , Yue Xigui , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA high‐performance polymer polyethersulfone (CN‐Azo‐PES), with a flexible ethoxyl linkage between the azobenzene chromophore side chain and the PES backbone, has been designed and successfully synthesized for an application in a WORM type memory device as an active polymer layer. CN‐Azo‐PES has excellent thermal properties with Tg of 151°C and the degradation temperature higher than 373°C, which can contribute to a better performance of the device. The device based on CN‐Azo‐PES exhibits a write‐once read‐many (WORM) type memory performance with an onset voltage as low as −1.0 V and an ON/OFF current ratio higher than 102 at a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Moreover, the data can be maintained for longer than 4 × 105 s once written and can be read for more than 400 cycles under a reading voltage of 0.4 V. Thus CN‐Azo‐PES can serve as an energy saving memory material in the data storage field of next generation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42644.
Structure of the Active Platinum Cluster and Reaction Pathway of the Selective Synthesis of Phenol from Benzene and Oxygen Regulated with Ammonia on a Platinum Cluster/β‐Zeolite Catalyst Studied by DFT Calculations
Authors: Sasaki Takehiko , Tada Mizuki , Wang Linsheng , Malwadkar Sachin , Iwasawa Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDFT calculations were used to investigate the structure of the active Pt cluster and the catalytic reaction pathway for the selective synthesis of phenol from benzene and molecular oxygen regulated with ammonia on a Pt cluster/β‐zeolite catalyst that was reported to be active for the selective hydroxylation of benzene only in the coexistence of ammonia. It was found that Pt5–Pt6 clusters were active for the direct synthesis of phenol, and they provided the reaction sites for bond rearrangements among ammonia, oxygen, and benzene; furthermore, the coexistence of ammonia was crucial for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol, as it suppressed benzene combustion to CO2 and promoted the selective synthesis of phenol. It was further found that water coexisting in the system also played a significant role in desorbing phenol on the Pt cluster surface, which resulted in promotion of the overall selective synthesis of phenol. The energy diagram for the reaction sequences and the structures of the transition states were obtained, which indicated the origin of the Pt/β catalysis.
Liquid‐Crystalline Biomacromolecular Templates for the Formation of Oriented Thin‐Film Hybrids Composed of Ordered Chitin and Alkaline‐Earth Carbonate
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuya , Toyoda Ken , Ito Takahiro , Oaki Yuya , Namatame Yukiko , Kato Takashi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMacroscopically ordered inorganic thin films have been formed on unidirectionally oriented, liquid‐crystalline chitin matrices. In the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), unidirectionally oriented chitin films act as templates for the formation of oriented thin‐film crystals of alkaline‐earth carbonates such as SrCO3 and BaCO3. The morphology and orientation of crystals are dependent on the metal ion concentration. For SrCO3 crystallization, unidirectional thin films and hexagonal‐shaped thin films have been deposited from 200 and 25 mm concentration strontium solutions, respectively.
Nanomembrane Canister Architectures for the Visualization and Filtration of Oxyanion Toxins with One‐Step Processing
Authors: Aboelmagd Ahmed , El‐Safty Sherif A. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Elshehy Emad A. , Khairy Mohamed , Sakaic Masaru , Yamaguchi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNanomembrane canister‐like architectures were fabricated by using hexagonal mesocylinder‐shaped aluminosilica nanotubes (MNTs)–porous anodic alumina (PAA) hybrid nanochannels. The engineering pattern of the MNTs inside a 60 μm‐long membrane channel enabled the creation of unique canister‐like channel necks and cavities. The open‐tubular canister architecture design provides controllable, reproducible, and one‐step processing patterns of visual detection and rejection/permeation of oxyanion toxins such as selenite (SeO32−) in aquatic environments (i.e., in ground and river water sources) in the Ibaraki Prefecture of Japan. The decoration of organic ligand moieties such as omega chrome black blue (OCG) into inorganic Al2O3@tubular SiO2/Al2O3 canister membrane channel cavities led to the fabrication of an optical nanomembrane sensor (ONS). The OCG ligand was not leached from the canister as observed in washing, sensing, and recovery assays of selenite anions in solution, which enabled its multiple reuse. The ONS makes a variety of alternate processing analyses of selective quantification, visual detection, rejection/permeation, and recovery of toxic selenite quick and simple without using complex instrumentation. Under optimal conditions, the ONS canister exhibited a high selectivity toward selenite anions relative to other ions and a low‐level detection limit of 0.0093 μm. Real analytical data showed that approximately 96 % of SeO32− anions can be recovered from aquatic and wastewater samples. The ONS canister holds potential for field recovery applications of toxic selenite anions from water.
Gamma rays from a supernova of type Ia: SN2014J
Authors: Diehl R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSN2014J is the closest supernova of type Ia that occurred in the last 40 years. This provides an opportunity for unprecedented observational detail and coverage in many astronomical bands, which will help to better understand the still unknown astro‐physics of these supernovae. For the first time, such an event occurs sufficiently nearby so that also γ‐rays are able to contribute to such investigations. This is important, as the primary source of the supernova light is the radioactive energy from about 0.5 M⊙ of 56Ni produced in the explosion, and the γ rays associated with this decay make the supernova shine for months. The INTEGRAL γ‐ray observatory of ESA has followed the supernova emission for almost 5 months. The characteristic γ‐ray lines from the 56Ni decay chain through 56Co to 56Fe have been measured. We discuss these observations, and the implications of the measured γ‐ray line characteristics as they evolve. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HectoMAPping the Universe
Authors: Geller Margaret J. , Hwang Ho Seong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring the last three decades progress in mapping the Universe from an age of 400 000 years to the present has been stunning. Instrument/telescope combinations have naturally determined the sampling of various redshift ranges. Here we outline the impact of the Hectospec on the MMT on exploration of the Universe in the redshift range 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.8. We focus on dense redshift surveys, SHELS and HectoMAP. SHELS is a complete magnitude limited survey covering 8 square degrees. The HectoMAP survey combines a red‐selected dense redshift survey and a weak lensing map covering 50 square degrees. Combining the dense redshift survey with a Subaru HyperSuprimeCam (HSC) weak lensing map will provide a powerful probe of the way galaxies trace the distribution of dark matter on a wide range of physical scales. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variabiity of young stellar objects: Accretion, disks, outflows, and magnetic activity
Authors: Stelzer B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVariability is a key characteristic of young stars. Two major origins may be distinguished: a scaled‐up version of the magnetic activity seen on main‐sequence stars and various processes related to circumstellar disks, accretion, and outflows. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CMV‐induced embryonic mouse organ of corti dysplasia: Network architecture of dysfunctional lateral inhibition
Authors: Melnick Michael , Jaskoll Tina 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCongenital cytomegalovirus infection is the major nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss at birth and beyond. Among other pathologies, there is a striking dysplasia/hyperplasia of organ of Corti hair and supporting cells.MethodsUsing an in vitro embryonic mouse model of cytomegalovirus‐induced cochlear teratogenesis that mimics the known human pathology, and functional signaling network modeling, we tested the hypothesis that cytomegalovirus disrupts the highly ordered organ of Corti hair and supporting cells pattern by dysregulating Notch and Fgfr3, their cognate ligands and downstream effectors.ResultsSeveral novel emergent properties of the critical lateral inhibition subnetwork became apparent. The subnetwork has classic small‐world properties such as short paths between most gene pairs, few long‐distance links, and considerable clustering. Concomitantly, the calculated probability that our specific gene expression dataset is from dysplastic organs of Corti is highly significant (p < 1 × 10−12). Furthermore, we determined that the subnetwork has a highly heterogeneous scale‐free topology in which the highly linked genes (hubs),NotchandFgfr3, play a central role in mediating interactions among the less linked genes.ConclusionThis phenomenon has important biologic and therapeutic implications. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:573–582, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors associated with inpatient hospitalizations among patients aged 1 to 64 years with Congenital heart defects, Arkansas 2006 to 2011
Authors: Simeone Regina M. , Oster Matthew E. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Robbins James M. , Thomas Collins R. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundIndividuals with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have high hospital resource use. We sought to identify factors associated with hospital costs and multiple hospitalizations among individuals with CHDs.MethodsData from the 2006 to 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Arkansas State Inpatient Databases were linked across encrypted patient identifiers to develop a cohort of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years who were hospitalized at least once with a CHD during this time period. Infants were excluded because patient identifiers were missing for 18 to 52% each year. CHDs were identified using principal and secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses codes. All hospitalizations of individuals ever admitted with a CHD were included. Mean and median patient‐level costs were estimated; the association of hospital costs and patient readmissions were examined with linear and logistic regression.ResultsThere were 1,185,868 inpatient hospitalizations of Arkansas residents aged 1 to 64 years between 2006 and 2011; these were accrued by 603,925 patients. Of those, 2542 patients (0.42%) had at least one hospitalization with a CHD diagnosis. Total costs for these 2542 patients were $126,999,837 and they accumulated 7898 hospitalizations. Factors associated with increased costs included patient age, CHD type, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities. Factors associated with hospital readmission within 1 year included age, CHD type, expected payer, and comorbidities.ConclusionIndividuals with CHDs in Arkansas experience variation in hospital use and costs by patient characteristics. Future research should investigate factors associated with readmissions, cardiac procedures, and comorbidities, as these are strongly associated with hospital costs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:589–596, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on the interactions of mapenterol with serum albumins using multi‐spectroscopy and molecular docking
Authors: Bi Shuyun , Zhao Tingting , Wang Yu , Zhou Huifeng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe interactions of mapenterol with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have been investigated systematically using fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking techniques. Mapenterol has a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and HSA through static quenching procedures. At 291 K, the binding constants, Ka, were 1.93 × 103 and 2.73 × 103 L/mol for mapenterol–BSA and mapenterol–HAS, respectively. Electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions played important roles in stabilizing the mapenterol–BSA/has complex. Using site marker competitive studies, mapenterol was found to bind at Sudlow site I on BSA/HSA. There was little effect of K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ on the binding. The conformation of BSA/HSA was changed by mapenterol, as seen from the synchronous fluorescence spectra. The CD spectra showed that the binding of mapenterol to BSA/HSA changed the secondary structure of BSA/HSA. Molecular docking further confirmed that mapenterol could bind to Sudlow site I of BSA/HSA. According to Förster non‐radiative energy transfer theory (FRET), the distances r0 between the donor and acceptor were calculated as 3.18 and 2.75 nm for mapenterol–BSA and mapenterol–HAS, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding peptide competitive inhibition of botulinum neurotoxin a binding to SV2 protein via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chang Shan , He Hong‐Qiu , Shen Lin , Wan Hua 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are known as the most toxic natural substances. Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) has been proposed to be a protein receptor for BoNT/A. Recently, two short peptides (BoNT/A‐A2 and SV2C‐A3) were designed to inhibit complex formation between the BoNT/A receptor‐binding domain (BoNT/A‐RBD) and the synaptic vesicle protein 2C luminal domain (SV2C‐LD). In this article, the two peptide complex systems are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structural stability analysis indicates that BoNT/A‐A2 system is more stable than SV2C‐A3 system. The conformational analysis implies that the β‐sheet in BoNT/A‐A2 system maintains its secondary structure but the two β‐strands in SV2C‐A3 system have remarkable conformational changes. Based on the calculation of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and cation‐π interactions, it is found that the internal hydrogen bonds play crucial roles in the structural stability of the peptides. Because of the stable secondary structure, the β‐sheet in BoNT/A‐A2 system establishes effective interactions at the interface and inhibits BoNT/A‐RBD binding to SV2C‐LD. In contrast, without other β‐strands forming internal hydrogen bonds, the two isolated β‐strands in SV2C‐A3 system become the random coil. This conformational change breaks important hydrogen bonds and weakens cation‐π interaction in the interface, so the complex formation is only partially inhibited by the two β‐strands. These results are consistent with experimental studies and may be helpful in understanding the inhibition mechanisms of peptide inhibitors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 597–608, 2015.
Convenient synthesis of collagen‐related tripeptides for segment condensation
Authors: Ellison Aubrey J. , VanVeller Brett , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTChromatography is a common step in the solution‐phase synthesis of typical peptides, as well as peptide fragments for subsequent coupling on a solid support. Combining known reagents that form readily separable byproducts is shown to eliminate this step, which wastes time and other resources. Specifically, activating carboxyl groups with isobutyl chloroformate or as pentafluorophenyl esters and using N‐methyl morpholine as a base enable chromatography‐free synthetic routes in which peptide products are isolated from byproducts by facile evaporation, extraction, and trituration. This methodology was used to access tripeptides related to collagen, such as Fmoc‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐OH and Fmoc‐Pro‐Hyp(tBu)‐Gly‐OH, in a purity suitable for solid‐phase segment condensation to form collagen mimetic peptides. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 674–681, 2015.
A semester‐long project‐oriented biochemistry laboratory based on Helicobacter pylori urease
Authors: Farnham Kate R. , Dube Danielle H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHere we present the development of a 13 week project‐oriented biochemistry laboratory designed to introduce students to foundational biochemical techniques and then enable students to perform original research projects once they have mastered these techniques. In particular, we describe a semester‐long laboratory that focuses on a biomedically relevant enzyme—Helicobacter pylori (Hp) urease—the activity of which is absolutely required for the gastric pathogen Hp to colonize the human stomach. Over the course of the semester, students undertake a biochemical purification of Hp urease, assess the success of their purification, and investigate the activity of their purified enzyme. In the final weeks of the semester, students design and implement their own experiments to study Hp urease. This laboratory provides students with an understanding of the importance of biochemistry in human health while empowering them to engage in an active area of research. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):333–340, 2015.
A robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of 5‐azacytidine
Authors: Anders Nicole M. , Wanjiku Teresia M. , He Ping , Azad Nilofer S. , Rudek Michelle A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐azacytidine is being evaluated clinically as an oral formulation to treat various solid tumors. A sensitive, reliable method was developed to quantitate 5‐azacytidine using LC‐MS/MS to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. The drug of interest was extracted from plasma using Oasis MCX ion exchange solid‐phase extraction 96‐well plates. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a YMC J'sphere M80 C18 column and isocratic elution with a methanol–water–formic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase over a 7 min total analytical run time. An AB Sciex 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of 5‐azacytidine. The assay range was 5–500 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (97.8–109.1%) and precise (CV ≤ 9.8%). Tetrahydrouridine was used to stabilize 5‐azacytidine in blood/plasma samples. With the addition of tetrahydrouridine, long‐term frozen plasma stability for 5‐azacytidine at −70°C has been determined for at least 323 days. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentrations of 5‐azacytidine in a cancer patient receiving a 300 mg oral daily dose. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haber process and steam‐coal gasification: Two standard thermodynamic problems elucidated using two distinct approaches
Authors: Binous Housam , Aheed Ahmed , Hossain Mohammad M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study shows how the direct Gibbs free energy minimization technique is sometimes superior to the reaction coordinates—equilibrium constants method when the thermodynamic analysis of complex systems is performed. In this respect, the above two methods are applied for two different processes to determine their equilibrium compositions: (1) the Haber process: a simple problem consisting of a single gas‐phase reaction where both methods are expected to give the same result and (2) steam‐coal gasification process which is more complex since it involves numerous reactions and solid‐phase chemical species (i.e., coal or carbon). Thus, in the second case the reaction coordinates—equilibrium constants method fails to provide correct predictions of the equilibrium composition. In addition, the authors give the optimum conditions for the two processes: high pressure for Haber process and high temperature for steam‐coal gasification in agreement with LeChatelier principle. In order to deal with deviation from the ideal‐case assumption, the Peng–Robinson Equation of State (PR EOS) is implemented for both techniques and both case studies. All computations and figures are generated using a single computer algebra, Mathematica©. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 24:58–70, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21672
Protecting the normal in order to better kill the cancer
Authors: Liu Bingya , Ezeogu Lewis , Zellmer Lucas , Yu Baofa , Xu Ningzhi , Joshua Liao Dezhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChemotherapy is the only option for oncologists when a cancer has widely spread to different body sites. However, almost all currently available chemotherapeutic drugs will eventually encounter resistance after their initial positive effect, mainly because cancer cells develop genetic alterations, collectively coined herein as mutations, to adapt to the therapy. Some patients may still respond to a second chemo drug, but few cases respond to a third one. Since it takes time for cancer cells to develop new mutations and then select those life‐sustaining ones via clonal expansion, “run against time for mutations to emerge” should be a crucial principle for treatment of those currently incurable cancers. Since cancer cells constantly change to adapt to the therapy whereas normal cells are stable, it may be a better strategy to shift our focus from killing cancer cells per se to protecting normal cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. This new strategy requires the development of new drugs that are nongenotoxic and can quickly, in just hours or days, kill cancer cells without leaving the still‐alive cells with time to develop mutations, and that should have their toxicities confined to only one or few organs, so that specific protections can be developed and applied.
Ribosomal Synthesis of Natural‐Product‐Like Bicyclic Peptides in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bionda Nina , Fasan Rudi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMethods to access natural‐product‐like macrocyclic peptides can disclose new opportunities for the exploration of this important structural class for chemical biology and drug discovery applications. Here, the scope and mechanism of a novel strategy for directing the biosynthesis of thioether‐bridged bicyclic peptides in bacterial cells was investigated. This method entails split intein‐catalyzed head‐to‐tail cyclization of a ribosomally produced precursor peptide, combined with inter‐side‐chain crosslinking through a genetically encoded cysteine‐reactive amino acid. This strategy could be successfully applied to achieve formation of structurally diverse bicyclic peptides with high efficiency and selectivity in Escherichia coli. Insights into the sequence of reactions underlying the peptide bicyclization process were gained from time‐course experiments. Finally, the potential utility of this methodology toward the discovery of macrocyclic peptides with enhanced functional properties was demonstrated through the isolation of a bicyclic peptide with sub‐micromolar affinity for streptavidin.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Double Perovskites Containing Antimony or Bismuth Ba2LnMO6 (Ln: Rare Earths; M: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Otsuka Shumpei , Hinatsu Yukio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized by solid state reaction using BaCO3, Ln2O3 (Ln: Y, La, Nd, Sm—Gd, Dy—Lu), Sb2O3, and Bi2O3 as starting materials (1300 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Family of Rare Earth Molybdenum Bronzes: Oxides Consisting of Periodic Arrays of Interacting Magnetic Units.
Authors: Schneemeyer L. F. , Siegrist T. , Besara T. , Lundberg M. , Sun J. , Singh D. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe compounds LnMo16O44 (Ln: Y, La—Lu) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3, Mo, and MoO3 (silica tubes, 700 °C, 5 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT electronic structure calculations.