bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of serum glucose levels on disease severity and outcome in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenter, prospective survey of severe sepsis
Authors: Kushimoto Shigeki , Gando Satoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Mayumi Toshihiko , Ogura Hiroshi , Fujishima Seitaro , Araki Tsunetoshi , Ikeda Hiroto , Kotani Joji , Miki Yasuo , Shiraishi Shin‐ichiro , Suzuki Koichiro , Suzuki Yasushi , Takeyama Naoshi , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Yamashita Norio , Aikawa Naoki ,   Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Sepsis Registry (JAAMSR) Study Group
Published: August 2014

AimTo determine whether glycemic abnormality and pre‐existing diabetes are associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with severe sepsis.MethodsSix hundred and nineteen patients with severe sepsis were grouped into four categories according to their blood glucose levels (<100, 100–199, 200–299, and ≥300 mg/dL). We compared disease severity and mortality between glycemic categories. In addition, we examined whether there was any relationship with pre‐existing diabetes status.ResultsThere were no significant differences in disseminated intravascular coagulation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, or Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and mortality rates between patients with or without pre‐existing diabetes. However, in patients without pre‐existing diabetes, those with blood glucose level <100 mg/dL had higher disseminated intravascular coagulation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores than those with levels of 100–299 mg/dL. In addition, those with level ≥300 mg/dL had a higher hospital mortality rate than those with levels of 100–199 mg/dL (odds ratio = 4.837). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a blood glucose level ≥300 mg/dL is an independent predictor of hospital mortality in these patients. In contrast, no significant differences among severity scores or mortality were observed in patients with pre‐existing diabetes.ConclusionsIn patients with severe sepsis, the impact of glycemic abnormality on disease severity and hospital mortality depends on the pre‐existing diabetes status. Specifically, a blood glucose level ≥300 mg/dL may be associated with increased mortality in patients without pre‐existing diabetes.
Contributions to the Chemistry ofN‐Methylnitramine: Crystal Structure, Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Salts, and Reactions towards 2‐Nitro‐2‐azapropyl Derivatives
Authors: Kettner Marcos A. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Müller Thomas G. , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis work compares the hitherto unknown crystal structure ofN‐methylnitramine with its gas‐phase diffraction structure. A series of alkaline, alkaline earth and some transition‐metal salts were investigated. Furthermore, a series of new nitrogen‐rich salts was synthesized and characterized for the first time. The Mannich reaction ofN‐methylnitramine with formaldehyde yields 2‐nitro‐2‐azapropanol, which was treated with 2‐nitro‐2‐azapropyl isocyanate to furnish new bis‐N,O‐(2‐nitro‐2‐azapropyl)carbamate. The analogue bis‐N,N′‐(2‐nitro‐2‐azapropyl)urea derivative is formed when 2‐nitro‐2‐azapropyl isocyanate is treated with water. Owing to the energetic nature of all compounds, their energetic properties were determined. The sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined using the BAM drophammer and friction tester as well as a small‐scale electrical discharge device. Standard enthalpies of formation were calculated at the CBS‐4M level of theory. With these values and the experimental densities, several detonation parameters such as detonation pressure and velocity of the compounds were computed using the EXPLO5 (V6.01) computer code and compared to currently used explosives.
A General, Regiospecific Synthetic Route to Perfluoroalkylated Arenes via Arenediazonium Salts with RFCu(CH3CN) Complexes
Authors: Jiang Dong‐Fang , Liu Chao , Guo Yong , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA mild method of converting arylamines into perfluoroalkylated arenes is described. Relatively stable RFCu(CH3CN) complexes are used as perfluoroalkylating agents, which react smoothly with arenediazonium salts to produce various perfluoroalkylarenes in good yields. Based on the results of clock trapping experiments with diallyl ether, a radical process might be involved in the reaction.
Copper(I) Iodide Mediated Iodocyclization of Cyclopropylideneallenyl Ketones: Facile and Effective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furan Derivatives
Authors: Miao Maozhong , Xu Xin , Xu Lijun , Ren Hongjun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElectrophilic cyclization of cyclopropylideneallenyl ketones in the presence of I2/CuI offers an efficient and straightforward route to highly substituted furans under mild reaction conditions. Further transformation of the resulting iodofurans provides structurally more advanced furan derivatives.
Patterns of bedload entrainment and transport in forested headwater streams of the Columbia Mountains, Canada
Authors: Green K. , Alila Y. , Brardinoni F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe monitor bedload transport and water discharge at six stations in two forested headwater streams of the Columbia Mountains, Canada. The nested monitoring network is designed to examine the effects of channel bed texture, and the influence of alluvial (i.e. step pools and riffle pools) and semialluvial morphologies (i.e. boulder cascades and forced step pools) on bedload entrainment and transport. Results indicate that dynamics of bedload entrainment are influenced by differences in flow resistance attributable to morphology. Scaled fractional analysis shows that in reaches with high form resistance most bedload transport occurs in partial mobility fashion relative to the available bed material, while calibers finer than 16 mm attain full mobility during bankfull flows. Equal mobility transport for a wider range of grain sizes is achieved in reaches exhibiting reduced form resistance. Our findings confirm that the Shields value for mobilization of the median surface grain size depends on channel gradient and relative submergence; however, we also find that these relations vary considerably for cobble and gravel bed channels due to proportionality between dimensionless shear stress and grain size. Exponents of bedload rating curves across sites correlate most with the D90s of the mobile bed, however, where grain effects are controlled (i.e. along individual streams), differences in form resistance across morphologies exert a primary control on bedload transport dynamics. Application of empirical formulae developed for use in steep alpine channels present variable success in predicting transport rates in forested snowmelt streams. Formulae that explicitly account for reductions in mobile bed area and high morphological resistance associated with woody debris provide the best approximation to observed empirical data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiolipin profiles as a potential biomarker of mitochondrial health in diet‐induced obese mice subjected to exercise, diet‐restriction and ephedrine treatment
Authors: Faber Catherine , Zhu Zhaohai J. , Castellino Stephen , Wagner David S. , Brown Roger H. , Peterson Richard A. , Gates Lisa , Barton Joanna , Bickett Mark , Hagerty Laura , Kimbrough Carie , Sola Mario , Bailey David , Jordan Holly , Elangbam Chandikumar S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCardiolipin (CL) is crucial for mitochondrial energy metabolism and structural integrity. Alterations in CL quantity or CL species have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathological conditions and diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction‐related compound attrition and post‐market withdrawal of promising drugs. Here we report alterations in the CL profiles in conjunction with morphology of soleus muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice, subjected to ephedrine treatment (EPH: 200 mg kg–1 day–1 orally), treadmill exercise (EX: 10 meters per min, 1 h per day), or dietary restriction (DR: 25% less of mean food consumed by the EX group) for 7 days. Mice from the DR and EPH groups had a significant decrease in percent body weight and reduced fat mass compared with DIO controls. Morphologic alterations in the BAT included brown adipocytes with reduced cytoplasmic lipid droplets and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the EX, DR and EPH groups. Increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the BAT was ultrastructurally manifested by increased mitochondrial cristae, fenestration of mitochondrial cristae, increased electron density of mitochondrial matrix, and increased complexity of shape and elongation of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations in the SM of the EX and DR groups included increased mitochondrial cristae, cup‐shaped mitochondria and mitochondrial degeneration. All four CL species (tri‐linoleoyl‐mono‐docosahexaenoyl, tetralinoleoyl, tri‐linoleoyl‐mono‐oleoyl, and di‐linoleoyl‐di‐oleoyl) were increased in the BAT of the DR and EPH groups and in the SM of the EPH and EX groups. In conclusion, cardiolipin profiling supported standard methods for assessing mitochondrial biogenesis and health, and may serve as a potential marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical toxicity studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
Aerobic biological treatment of second cheese whey in suspended and attached growth reactors
Authors: Tatoulis Triantafyllos I. , Tekerlekopoulou Athanasia G. , Akratos Christos S. , Pavlou Stavros , Vayenas Dimitrios V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecond cheese whey is a strong organic and saline effluent whose characterization and treatment have not been sufficiently addressed.RESULTSIndigenous microorganisms from second cheese whey were isolated for its aerobic biological degradation. Experiments in suspended and attached growth reactors (lab and pilot scale) were carried out using different feed whey concentrations. These concentrations corresponded to three different dilutions with tap water, using 25%, 50% and 75% whey (concentrations C25, C50 and C75, respectively), as well as without dilution (100% whey, C100). The maximum degradation rate of the organic load obtained in the suspended growth reactors was achieved for the concentration C100 (10.06 g d‐COD L−1 day−1). Degradation was more rapid (26.3 g d‐COD L−1 day−1) in a lab‐scale packed bed reactor with recirculation and concentration C75. Experiments in a pilot‐scale reactor with recirculation were also performed with high degradation rates (6.41 g d‐COD L−1 day−1) under various environmental conditions. The long‐term degradation efficiency (12 month operation period) and the effect of environmental and operating conditions on filter performance were studied.CONCLUSIONSAerobic biological treatment at the proposed pilot‐scale filter proved to be a sufficient method. The simplicity of the installation provides an effective solution to a serious environmental and social problem. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Are 20 human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer?
Authors: Arbyn Marc , Tommasino Massimo , Depuydt Christophe , Dillner Joakim 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there was consistent and sufficient epidemiological, experimental and mechanistic evidence of carcinogenicity to humans for 12 HPV types (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV56, HPV58 and HPV59) for cervical cancer. Therefore, these types were considered as 1A carcinogens. They all belong to the family of the α‐Papillomaviridae, in particular to the species α5 (HPV51), α6 (HPV56), α7 (HPV18, HPV39, HPV45, HPV59) and α9 (HPV16, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV52, HPV58). Less evidence is available for a thirteenth type (HPV68, α7), which is classified as a 2A carcinogen (probably carcinogenic). Moreover, seven other phylogenetically related types (HPV26, HPV53, HPV66, HPV67, HPV68, HPV70 and HPV73) were identified as single HPV infections in certain rare cases of cervical cancer and were considered possibly carcinogenic (2B carcinogens). Recently, Halec et al [7] demonstrated that the molecular signature of HPV‐induced carcinogenesis (presence of type‐specific spliced E6*| mRNA; increased expression of p16; and decreased expression of cyclin D1, p53 and Rb) was similar in cervical cancers containing single infections with one of the eight afore‐mentioned 2A or 2B carcinogens to those in cancers with single infections with group 1 carcinogens. Ninety six percent of cervical cancers are attributable to one of the 13 most common HPV types (groups 1 and 2A). Including the additional seven HPV types (group 2B) added 2.6%, to reach a total of 98.7% of all HPV‐positive cervical cancers. From recently updated meta‐analyses, it was shown that HPV68, HPV26, HPV66, HPV67, HPV73 and HPV82 were significantly more common in cancer cases than in women with normal cervical cytology, suggesting that for these HPV types, an upgrading of the carcinogen classification could be considered. However, there is no need to include them in HPV screening tests or vaccines, given their rarity in cervical cancers. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abiotic Attributes Surrounding Alluvial Islands Generate Critical Fish Habitat
Authors: Hintz W. D. , Porreca A. P. , Garvey J. E. , Phelps Q. E. , Tripp S. J. , Hrabik R. A. , Herzog D. P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIdentifying the appropriate scale at which habitat is biologically relevant to riverine fishes in large, sand‐dominated rivers is a challenge. Alluvial islands are important to several of these fishes throughout the central USA, but there is a paucity of information on island habitat features that restoration efforts should try to replicate. We determined the physical characteristics of two island complexes in the middle Mississippi River that facilitate the settlement and survival of age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus at relatively large (mean 39,000 m2) and small (mean 320 m2) scales. Depth (m), flow rate (m s−1), substrate (sand, rock, silt) and vegetation were quantified at these two scales using hydroacoustic techniques (split‐beam sonar and acoustic Doppler current profiler). Abiotic attributes in the surrounding littoral zone of the island complexes were highly correlated but differed depending on location. At the coarse spatial scale, vegetation was positively related to shovelnose sturgeon abundance. At the fine spatial scale, age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon were restricted to flow rates < 0.89 m s−1, with abundance peaking at about 0.40 m s−1. However, heterogeneity in depth and flow was important, and sturgeon abundance peaked at intermediate variability in these two abiotic attributes. A computer‐generated model of the habitat surrounding islands suggests that these habitats are diverse and may provide flow refugia and foraging patches for shovelnose sturgeon. We submit the results presented here that can contribute to a hierarchical model for island restoration in large rivers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The scale and organization of ancient Maya water management
Authors: Wyatt Andrew R. 
Published: August 2014

The archaeological remains of ancient water storage and irrigation technologies are often prominent features on the landscape. Dams, canals, and irrigation ditches required great amounts of labor to build and maintain and are often associated with centralized, state‐level management. But these more visible features existed alongside smaller water management technologies that were often managed at the community or household level. In the Maya area in southern Mesoamerica, evidence of these ancient technologies is found in the form of small dams, reservoirs and other water storage features, wells, irrigation canals, and agricultural terraces. A review of the literature reveals that these technologies are ubiquitous in the Maya area during the period from the Middle Preclassic to the Terminal Classic (400 B.C. to A.D. 1000) when the ancient Maya civilization reached its peak of population and political complexity. Small‐scale water management technologies inform us both how the ancient Maya utilized and managed their resources, and also provide insight into political and social organization. WIREs Water 2014, 1:449–467. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1042This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Parent–adolescent joint projects involving leisure time and activities during the transition to high school
Authors: Marshall Sheila K. , Young Richard A. , Wozniak Agnieszka , Lollis Susan , Tilton‐Weaver Lauree , Nelson Margo , Goessling Kristen 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTLeisure research to date has generally overlooked planning and organizing of leisure time and activities between parents and adolescents. This investigation examined how a sample of Canadian adolescents and their parents jointly constructed and acted on goals related to adolescents' leisure time during the move from elementary to high school. Using the Qualitative Action‐Project Method, data were collected over an 8–10 month period from 26 parent–adolescent dyads located in two urban sites, through video‐taped conversations about leisure time, video recall interviews, and telephone monitoring interviews. Analysis of the data revealed that the joint projects of the 26 dyads could be grouped into three clusters: a) governance transfer or attempts to shift, from parent to adolescent, responsibility over academic demands, organizing leisure time, and safety with peers, b) balancing extra‐curricular activities with family life, academics, and social activities, and c) relationship adjustment or maintenance.
Delphi definition of the EADC‐ADNI Harmonized Protocol for hippocampal segmentation on magnetic resonance
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Bocchetta Martina , Apostolova Liana G. , Barnes Josephine , Bartzokis George , Corbetta Gabriele , DeCarli Charles , deToledo‐Morrell Leyla , Firbank Michael , Ganzola Rossana , Gerritsen Lotte , Henneman Wouter , Killiany Ronald J. , Malykhin Nikolai , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Pruessner Jens C. , Redolfi Alberto , Robitaille Nicolas , Soininen Hilkka , Tolomeo Daniele , Wang Lei , Watson Craig , Wolf Henrike , Duvernoy Henri , Duchesne Simon , Jack Clifford R. , Frisoni Giovanni B. ,   EADC‐ADNI Working Group on the Harmonized Protocol for Manual Hippocampal Segmentation
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to have international experts converge on a harmonized definition of whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures, to define standard operating procedures for magnetic resonance (MR)‐based manual hippocampal segmentation.MethodsThe panel received a questionnaire regarding whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures. Quantitative information was supplied to allow evidence‐based answers. A recursive and anonymous Delphi procedure was used to achieve convergence. Significance of agreement among panelists was assessed by exact probability on Fisher's and binomial tests.ResultsAgreement was significant on the inclusion of alveus/fimbria (P = .021), whole hippocampal tail (P = .013), medial border of the body according to visible morphology (P = .0006), and on this combined set of features (P = .001). This definition captures 100% of hippocampal tissue, 100% of Alzheimer’s disease‐related atrophy, and demonstrated good reliability on preliminary intrarater (0.98) and inter‐rater (0.94) estimates.DiscussionConsensus was achieved among international experts with respect to hippocampal segmentation using MR resulting in a harmonized segmentation protocol.
Evaluation of the Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Orthopedic Patients at the Day Hospital of University of São Paulo
Authors: Lopes Oziel Pereira , Ribas Renata Donizeti , Giovani Arlete M.M. , Santolim Thais Queiroz , Carlos Ana Maria , de Carvalho Márcia Knust , Santos Luiz A.U. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in hospitalized patients is already well established by studies and guidelines, and PICCs are widely used at our institution. However, few studies have been published examining patients using the device in day hospital systems; specifically, if the device brings about early dehospitalization, if it facilitates quick return to coexistence in society and to work, and how to plan medication administration through this system. Our general objective was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the use of PICCs in patients undergoing prolonged intravenous treatment. We selected patients using PICCs in the day hospital at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology at Clinics Hospital of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, conducted a semistructured interview, and did an analysis of medical records. The most frequent diagnoses that led to use of a PICC were postoperative infection (53.84%) and osteomyelitis (23.07%). Teicoplanin was the most common drug prescribed, followed by vancomycin. Regarding the puncture site, the basilic vein prevailed with 69.23%. Most of the catheters (61.54%) remained in place from 60 to 150 days. The end of the drug therapy was the reason for removal in 66.4% of cases. Regarding pain assessment, 88.47% of patients declared they did not feel any pain or felt moderate pain during the PICC insertion procedure. Based on the data collected, it can be concluded that PICCs are reliable devices for a wide variety of intravenous infusions used in patients treated at our day hospital.
UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase from the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica: biochemical characterization of the enzyme and identification of inhibitors
Authors: ZINSSER VERONIKA L. , LINDERT STEFFEN , BANFORD SAMANTHA , HOEY ELIZABETH M. , TRUDGETT ALAN , TIMSON DAVID J. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe Leloir pathway enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose 4′-epimerase from the common liver flukeFasciola hepatica(FhGALE) was identified and characterized. The enzyme can be expressed in, and purified from,Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme is active: theKm(470 μm) is higher than the corresponding human enzyme (HsGALE), whereas thekcat(2·3 s−1) is substantially lower. FhGALE binds NAD+and has shown to be dimeric by analytical gel filtration. Like the human and yeast GALEs, FhGALE is stabilized by the substrate UDP-galactose. Molecular modelling predicted that FhGALE adopts a similar overall fold to HsGALE and that tyrosine 155 is likely to be the catalytically critical residue in the active site.In silicoscreening of the National Cancer InstituteDevelopmental Therapeutics Programlibrary identified 40 potential inhibitors of FhGALE which were testedin vitro. Of these, 6 showed concentration-dependent inhibition of FhGALE, some with nanomolar IC50values. Two inhibitors (5-fluoroorotate andN-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]leucyltryptophan) demonstrated selectivity for FhGALE over HsGALE. These compounds also thermally destabilized FhGALE in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the selectivity of 5-fluoroorotate was not shown by orotic acid, which differs in structure by 1 fluorine atom. These results demonstrate that, despite the structural and biochemical similarities of FhGALE and HsGALE, it is possible to discover compounds which preferentially inhibit FhGALE.