bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bracketing the Age of Freshwater Carbonate Formation by OSL Dating Near Lake Kolon, Hungary
Authors: Sipos György , Tóth Orsolya , Pécsi Eszter , Bíró Csaba 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Freshwater carbonates are unique depositions in the centre of the Carpathian Basin, with debated origin and age. Their formation on the sand covered area of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve is mainly related to lakes appearing in low lying interdune areas from time-totime. Carbonate deposition is governed by various processes, but in general it can be traced back to climatic and concomitant surface and subsurface hydrological variations. Therefore marl, limestone and dolomite layers can be a marker of environmental change. To identify the type of environmental change they may indicate absolute or numerical ages are needed. In previous studies this issue has been addressed by the means of radiocarbon dating. In the present study we attempted to bracket the age of freshwater carbonate formation with the help of optically stimulated luminescence dating and compared our results to radiocarbon data from the literature. In general, the luminescence properties of the investigated samples proved to be suitable for determining the age of the bedding and covering sediments. OSL dates confirmed previous interpretations that freshwater carbonate formation in the area could have a peak around 10,5 ka. However, the termination of the deposition could not be unambiguously determined at the present stage of the analysis. The compound geomorphology and sedimentology of the study area call for further investigations.
Mycoparasitic nature of Bionectria sp. strain 6.21
Authors: Soares de Melo Itamar , Montes Peral Valente Angela Maria , Nessner Kavamura Vanessa , Dias Vilela Elke Simoni , Faull Jane Louise 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study, a Bionectria sp. strain isolated from citrus rhizosphere was evaluated for its potential in inhibiting the growth of
Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. It was demonstrated that Bionectria sp. 6.21 inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum
and R. solani. In dual cultures, however, the antagonist only parasitised R. solani. Regarding the assay involving P. aphanidermatum,
a lack of mycoparasitic ability was demonstrated. Crude extract of Bionectria completely inhibited the mycelial growth of both fungi.
It appears that the main mechanism involved in the antagonism of Pythium by Bionectria is through antibiotic production. The antagonistic
fungus released extracellular secondary metabolites. The metabolites were found to be inhibitory to both plant pathogenic
fungi. From the crude extract, eleven fractions were obtained and tested for their antifungal properties. Two of them showed very
strong activity against P. aphanidermatum. The obtained results indicated that this biocontrol agent has both antibiotic and mycoparasitic
properties. On the other hand, evidence obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggests the involvement of an
enzymatic process, with enzymatic digestion playing a major role in the parasitism of Bionectria sp. 6.21. In conclusion, these results
provide evidence that mainly due to mycoparasitism, this strain has the potential to become a good candidate for biological control.
New Exoskeleton Arm Concept Design And Actuation For Haptic Interaction With Virtual Objects
Authors: Chakarov D. , Veneva I. , Tsveov M. , Tiankov T. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the work presented in this paper the conceptual design and actuation of one new exoskeleton of the upper limb is presented. The device is designed for application where both motion tracking and force feedback are required, such as human interaction with virtual environment or rehabilitation tasks. The choice is presented of mechanical structure kinematical equivalent to the structure of the human arm. An actuation system is selected based on braided pneumatic muscle actuators. Antagonistic drive system for each joint is shown, using pulley and cable transmissions. Force/displacement diagrams are presented of two antagonistic acting muscles. Kinematics and dynamic estimations are performed of the system exoskeleton and upper limb. Selected parameters ensure in the antagonistic scheme joint torque regulation and human arm range of motion.
Meteoroids Interaction With The Earth Atmosphere
Authors: Turchak Leonid I. , Gritsevich Maria I. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study we evaluate meteoroid mass and its other properties based on the observed atmospheric trajectory. With account for aerodynamics, we formulate a problem by introducing key dimensionless parameters in the model, responsible for the drag, mass loss and rotation of meteoroid. The proposed model is suitable to categorize various impact events in terms of meteor survivability and impact damage and thus, to analyze consequences that accompany collisions of cosmic bodies with planetary atmosphere and surface. The different types of events, namely, formation of a massive single crater (Barringer, Lonar Lake), dispersion of craters and meteorites over a large area (Sikhote-Alin), absent of craters and meteorites, but huge damage (Tunguska) are considered as illustrative examples. The proposed approach helps to summarize the data on existing terrestrial impacts and to formulate recommendations for further studies valuable for planetary defence. It also significantly increases chances of successful meteorite recoveries in future. In other words, the study represents a ’cheap’ possibility to probe cosmic matter reaching planetary surface and it complements results of sample-return missions bringing back pristine samples of the materials.
Oxidative response of wetland macrophytes in response to contaminants of abiotic components of East Kolkata wetland ecosystem
Authors: Pal Sudin , Mondal Priyanka , Bhar Subhajit , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Mukhopadhyay Subhra Kumar 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The tannery effluent and composite municipal sewage water drained to the East Kolkata wetland (EKW), a Ramsar Site (1208), is used for agriculture and pisciculture after natural stabilization. Such composite wastewater is characterized by exceedingly high total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride and heavy metals concentrations. These water born pollutants generate reactive oxygen species which are potentially toxic to the biological system. These reactive oxygen species are normally detoxified by some enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The present study was commenced to find out the SOD and CAT activities against the oxidative stress, if any, in four macrophytes namely, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Alternanthera sessilis and Sagittarria montevidensis of contaminated ponds (Site 1 and Site 2) of EKW and an uncontaminated site (Control site). During the course of sampling the physico-chemical factors were found significantly higher in the EKW ponds compared to the control site. In the EKW sites, higher rate of evaporation during summer months caused higher elemental concentration in the premonsoon than in other seasons. This led to high activity of both SOD and CAT enzymes. In contrast, heavy rain fall in monsoon lowers the elemental concentration - mainly due to dilution effect. Present experiment indicated that in a stressed ecosystem like EKW, the wetland plants overcome the stress by altering their stress enzyme activities, hence suggesting an evidence of adaptive mechanism to thrive in a stressful environment.
Urbanization: Concepts, Trends and Analysis in Three Latin American Cities
Authors: Piña William Alfonso 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Explanatory models on the urban expansion process have focussed mainly on the dynamic of cities in the developed countries that are characterized by a strong institutional framework, a culture of urban planning, and compliance with the rules. This paper analyses the phenomenon of urban expansion in three Latin American cities (Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile and Mexico City), taking into account cities with a strong process of urbanization and where the local administration does not have enough control over the growth of cities due to the high rate of migration determining sub-urbanization, peri-urbanization, exo-urbanization, and counter-urbanization processes similar to developed countries. However, these processes may be related to hidden or displaced urbanization in rural areas of municipalities and metropolitan areas or intermediate cities due to the dynamics of urban consolidation. In every Latin American country, the participation and combination of these phenomena are different, although the results are similar: the advance of urban expansion with more segmented, disperse and distant patterns of large urban centres. This analysis determine the characteristics of the urbanization process taking into account physical and geographic aspects, urbanization trends and socioeconomic features in cities selected of Latin America and determines their impact determining the importance to formulate adequate policies that integrates environmental and socioeconomic aspects to achieve sustainable development in urban contexts.
Burn-up calculation of different thorium-based fuel matrixes in a thermal research reactor using MCNPX 2.6 code
Authors: Gholamzadeh Zohreh , Hossein Feghhi Seyed Amir , Soltani Leila , Rezazadeh Marzieh , Tenreiro Claudio , Joharifard Mahdi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Decrease of the economically accessible uranium resources and the inherent proliferation resistance of thorium fuel motivate its application in nuclear power systems. Estimation of the nuclear reactor’s neutronic parameters during different operational situations is of key importance for the safe operation of nuclear reactors. In the present research, thorium oxide fuel burn-up calculations for a demonstrative model of a heavy water- -cooled reactor have been performed using MCNPX 2.6 code. Neutronic parameters for three different thorium fuel matrices loaded separately in the modelled thermal core have been investigated. 233U, 235U and 239Pu isotopes have been used as fissile element in the thorium oxide fuel, separately. Burn-up of three different fuels has been calculated at 1 MW constant power. 135X and 149Sm concentration variations have been studied in the modelled core during 165 days burn-up. Burn-up of thorium oxide enriched with 233U resulted in the least 149Sm and 135Xe productions and net fissile production of 233U after 165 days. The negative fuel, coolant and void reactivity of the used fuel assures safe operation of the modelled thermal core containing (233U-Th) O2 matrix. Furthermore, utilisation of thorium breeder fuel demonstrates several advantages, such as good neutronic economy, 233U production and less production of long-lived α emitter high radiotoxic wastes in biological internal exposure point of view
Radiation methods in decision support system for food safety
Authors: Migdal Wojciech , Gryczka Urszula , Bertrandt Jerzy , Nowicki Tadeusz , Pytlak Radosław 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Mathematical model is the basis for computer decision support system (DSS) connected with food security strategy, in which food irradiation is one of the methods used for elimination of substance with pathogens. Such system can support an organisation of many different activities in the area of food safety. It can be designed for a specific region, country, etc., and is addressed to State Sanitary Inspection offices. The paper demonstrates the capabilities of the system in modeling activities of sanitary inspection teams aimed at pathogen elimination with the use of electron beam irradiation in procedures of utilisation of animal originated food, related packaging, or other microbiologically contaminated materials. It describes new application of both computer supported decision systems and radiation processing. The elaborated mathematical models show human activities in the process of microbiological contamination elimination.
Persicaria nepalensis (Polygonaceae), a new potentially invasive anthropophyte in the Polish flora
Authors: Kowalczyk Tomasz , Pliszko Artur , Drobniak Szymon M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract Persicaria nepalensis (L.) Mill. is an annual herb occurring natively in South, East and Southeast Asia, having a range extending from Oceania to East Africa. Here we report the first Polish stand of this species, found in 2011 near Baligród (Western Bieszczady Mountains), followed by the discovery of two more stands in the surrounding area up to 2013. The floristic composition of vegetation impacted by P. nepalensis is presented, and the invasive potential and pathways of introduction of the species are briefly discussed.
On Mannia androgyna (Aytoniaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Eastern Asia
Authors: Borovichev Eugene A. , Bakalin Vadim A. , Higuchi Masanobu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract The discovery of Mannia androgyna (L.) A. Evans in Russian Asian and Japanese localities changes the conception of the distribution patterns of the taxon, previously regarded as principally a Mediterranean species. A description and illustrations based on specimens collected in Russian Asia and Japan are provided. The history of the taxonomic understanding of Mannia androgyna is briefly reviewed, and features differentiating closely related species are discussed.
Data to the Malaysian liverwort flora, I
Authors: Pócs Tamás , Mohamed Haji , Yong Kien-Thai , Cheah Yih-Horng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract 120 liverwort specimens collected in peninsular Malaysia for oil body studies belonged to 80 species, 6 of which (Frullania subocellata S. Hatt., Chiloscyphus integerrimus Schiffn., Bazzania assamica (Steph.) S. Hatt., Bazzania bilobata Kitag., Telaranea quadriseta (Steph.) J. Engel & G. L. Merrill and Radula assamica Steph.) proved to be new for Malaysia and 9 to its peninsular part or to Selangor or Pahang states. The most interesting occurrences were of Frullania subocellata, hitherto known only from Seram Island, Chiloscyphus integerrimus, known from Java, and Telaranea quadriseta, an Australian element. The majority of the collected species are of Indomalesian distribution. Microphotos and distribution maps of the more interesting species are provided.
The Wind Regime in the Crişul Negru Hydrographic Basin
Authors: Viorel Galiş 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the main features of the wind regime in the Crişul Negru hydrographic basin starting from meteorological data recorded at 10 stations distributed across the basin. The analysis was developed based on the classical methodology of processing the meteorological data presented with a climatological purpose in various specialty studies. The study developed reveals that the wind regime depends on a number of factors such as the air movement, topography and local conditions, actually known from previous studies, but this paper distinguishes itself as a novelty through its values that are statistically concrete and correct, all calculated for the main parameters.
The Study of Stages and Operations Involved in the Preservation and Restoration of two XIX-th Century Icons, on Wooden Support
Authors: Marius Munteanu , Sandu Ion , Huțanu Ioana , Nica Liliana 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the stages and the operations involved in the preservation and restoration of two icons on wooden support, from the XIX-th century, which are part of the heritage of the ”Sfinții Arhangheli Mihail and Gavriil” church, from Galați. The two icon have inventory numbers as part of the collection as followed: 112 for the first icon and 113 for the second one. Both icons have the same theme, ”The Grieving Mother from Rohia” and are made by anonymous painters in egg tempera, on lime wooden support, without ground. Being part of the same collection, they were deposited in the same place and as a direct consequence, they suffer from similar deteriorations and degradations that affect both the support and the painting layer. Both panels are attacked by xylophagous insects and the painting layer has detachments, gaps, cracks, clogged dirt and a cracked and degraded varnish layer. Ten samples taken from the already detached areas were analyzed by optical microscope, SEM-EDX and micro-FTIR. Based on the chemical elements identified in the EDX spectrums, the pigments used to create the painting layer are: ultramarine natural blue Na8-10Al6Si6O24S2-4, carbon black, earth green, K[(Al,FeIII),(FeII,Mg)](AlSi3,Si4)O10(OH)2, ocher (FeO), burned or natural umber Fe2O3· H2O + MnO2·n H2O+ Al2O3, lead white (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) and yellow iron oxide (Fe2O3·4H2O). It was also determined that the gold leaf usually used in byzantine icons was replaced in the case of both icons: the icon number 112 has silver leaf covered with varnish, while the halo of the icon number 113 was created with yellow metallic pigments (realgar or orpigment).The pigments were also identified by determining specific peaks in micro-FTIR spectrums. For natural ultramarine blue the peaks between 628 - 724 cm-1 were assigned; the peaks in the interval 795 - 887 cm-1 confirm the presence of carbonates (calcium and lead based). The earth green pigment (aluminum - silicates) had the peaks between 1464 - 1599, while the carbon black pigment was confirmed by the peaks in the interval 921 - 1060 cm-1. After the pigments and the materials used by the author were identified, the restoration process begun with the following stages: consolidation of the painting layer (fish glue 8% and japanese paper), stopping the xylophagous attack (encapsulation with nitrogen), consolidation of the wood supports (colophon and wax, 1:1), cleaning the painting layer (ethylic alcohol and distilled water, 1:1), filling the gaps and reintegrating the fillings in tratteggio, all followed by the process of varnishing the two icons.
Geostatistical Approach to Find ‘Hotspots’ Where Biodiversity is at Risk in a Transition Country
Authors: Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Petrişor Liliana 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlobal change‟ is a relatively recent concept, related to the energy - land use - climate change nexus, and designated to include all changes produced by the human species and the consequences of its activities over natural ecological complexes and biodiversity. The joint effects of these drivers of change are particularly relevant to understanding the changes of biodiversity. This study overlaps results of previous studies developed in Romania to find, explain and predict potential threats on biodiversity, including the effects of very high temperatures and low precipitations, urban sprawl and deforestation in order to identify „hotspots‟ of high risk for the loss of biodiversity using geostatistical tools. The results found two hotspots, one in the center and the other one in the south, and show that the area affected by three factors simultaneously represents 0.2% of the national territory, while paired effects cover 4% of it. The methodological advantage of this approach is its capacity to pinpoint hotspots with practical relevance. Nevertheless, its generalizing character impairs its use at the local scale..
Characterisation of Agronomic Performance of Baltic Spring Barley Material/ Baltijas Vasaras Mieþu Agronomisko Îpaðîbu Raksturojums
Authors: Kolodinska Brantestam Agnese , Legzdiòa Linda , Cristensen Therese , Weibull Jens , Bothmer Roland von , Martynov Sergey , Yndgaard Flemming , Rashal Isaak 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Spring barley breeding has been carried out for almost a century in all three Baltic countries. The efforts of breeders have resulted in many new improved varieties released. The goal of our project was to survey the effect of these efforts throughout the century on this crop. The material included in this study consisted of 64 accessions originating from Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, representing landraces, varieties released from 1927 to 2001, and breeding lines. Six agronomic traits (days to heading, days to maturing, plant height, harvest index, volumetric weight and thousand kernel weight) were recorded during two years (2002 and 2003) at three locations - Priekuïi (Latvia), Landskrona (Sweden) and Bjørke (Norway). The differences between spring barley materials of different origin and from different breeding periods were assessed, and variation of their performance in different environments was discussed
Influence of Nitrogen Fertiliser on Winter Wheat Wholemeal Rheological Properties/ Slâpekïa Mçslojuma Ietekme Uz Ziemas Kvieðu Pilgraudu Miltu Reoloìiskajâm Îpaðîbâm
Authors: Liniņa Anda , Kunkulberga Daiga , Ruža Antons 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to describe the variation of water absorption and mixing properties of wholemeal dough, depending on effects of, different rates of nitrogen (N) application (N60, N90, N120, N150), weather conditions (in 2010 and 2011) and grain storage time (60, 120, and 360 days) for two cultivars of winter wheat (in Triticum aestivum L.). Trials included winter wheat varieties ‘Bussard’ and ‘Zentos’; both cultivars have high bread-making quality. The farinograph water absorption and wholemeal dough mixing characteristics - dough development time, dough stability time, and degree of softening were tested using a Brabender Farinograph (ICC 115/1). Highly significant effect of cultivars and nitrogen fertiliser were detected on the flour water absorption and dough mixing properties. Grains with higher protein content had better wholemeal dough rheological properties. The wholemeal rheological properties in 2010 and 2011 did not differ significantly. Extended grain storage from 60-360 days resulted in: longer dough development and dough stability time, increased degree of softening, and decreased water absorption. ‘Bussard’ wholemeal had higher water absorption, longer stability time (sometimes excellent quality) and shorter degree of softening compared with ‘Zentos’. According to the farinograph curves, wholemeal dough of ‘Bussard’ can be classified as having medium/long development time and long/excellent stability. Farinograph curve shapes of ‘Zentos’ wholemeal dough indicated medium development time and long stability. A very strong a positive correlation was found for protein content between WA and ST.
The Role of Oxidative Stress Markers in Developing of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Oksidatîvâ Stresa Marķieru Loma Akûta Respiratora Distresa Sindroma Attîstîbâ
Authors: Ðarkele Marina , Ozoliòa Agnese , Sabeïòikovs Olegs , Ðíesters Andrejs , Silova Alise , Jaunalksne Inta , Strîíe Eva , Krûmiòa Angelika , Vanags Indulis 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is common and multi factorial, clinically described as an inflammatory lung disorder that is associated with major morbidity and high mortality in intensive care patients. Recently, investigators have revised the AECC criteria from 1994. To diagnose ARDS and discover its severity we presently use Berlin definition criteria. An important role in developing of ARDS may be through a disbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have both oxidant and antioxidant compartments. The pathogenesis of ARDS is very complex, and unfortunately, the dynamic development of ARDS in an individual patient is difficult to recognise. ROS can initiate cellular tissue damage by modifying lipids, proteins and DNA, which can seriously compromise cell life ability or induce a large number of cellular responses through generation of secondary reactive species, leading, at last, to cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Studies have shown that many patients with organ malfunction at admission to the intensive care units (ICU) show decreased antioxidative properties, worsening the harmful effects of lipid peroxidation. That is the reason why predicting development of ARDS has great value for intensive care specialists.