bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hierarchy of struggles? The ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ in Egypt's revolution
Authors: Abdelrahman M. 
Published: December 2012

Egypt's revolutionary process is facing serious challenges, not least of which is the absence of a broadly based movement that can harness the energy of the masses. The forces of the counter-revolution are using all means to derail the process especially by effecting a schism between ‘economic’ and ‘political’ demands where the former is portrayed as extraneous to the course of the revolution. The article demonstrates how this separation in any struggle is falsely conceived and in the case of Egypt is being used as a deliberate tactic to protect the interests of the capitalist state and its agents.
[Une hiérarchie de lutte? L'aspect « économique » et « politique » dans la révolution égyptienne.] Le processus révolutionnaire d'Égypte est confronté à de sérieux défis, non des moindres est l'absence d'un vaste mouvement qui peut canaliser l'énergie des masses. Les forces de la contre-révolution utilisent tous les moyens pour déstabiliser le processus, notamment en effectuant un schisme entre les demandes « économique » et « politique », où l'ancien est dépeint comme étant étranger à la marche de la révolution. L'article montre comment cette séparation dans toute lutte est faussement conçue et dans le cas où l'Égypte est utilisée comme une tactique délibérée pour protéger les intérêts de l'État capitaliste et ses agents.

Mots-clés: Égypte  manifestations  néolibéralisme
Fisheries management for regime-based ecosystems: a management strategy evaluation for the snow crab fishery in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Szuwalski Cody S. , Punt André E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Szuwalski, C., and Punt A. E. 2013. Fisheries management for regime-based ecosystems: a management strategy evaluation for the snow crab fishery in the eastern Bering Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 955–967. Regime shifts are a prominent feature of the physical environment of some ecosystems and have the potential to influence stock productivity. However, few management strategies or harvest control rules (HCRs) consider the possibility of changes in stock productivity. A management strategy evaluation is conducted for the snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery in the eastern Bering Sea, an ecosystem influenced by regime shifts. Operating models that project recruitment as a single average (i.e. the current basis for management advice), regime-based with no relationship between recruitment and spawning biomass, and regime-based with control of recruitment oscillating between environmental conditions and spawning biomass are considered. An HCR that accounts for shifts in recruitment regime is compared with the status quo HCR for each operating model. The regime-based HCR increases yield and decreases variability in yield at the cost of a higher probability of overfishing in regime-based systems. However, the regime-based HCR slightly decreases yield (no change in variability) and increases the probability of overfishing in non-regime-based systems. Identifying changes in productivity that are definitely driven by environmental regime rather than fishing pressure is the largest difficulty in implementing these rules.
Word representation of streamline topologies for structurally stable vortex flows in multiply connected domains
Authors: Yokoyama Tomoo , Sakajo Takashi 
Published: December 2012

Let us consider incompressible and inviscid flows in two-dimensional domains with multiple obstacles. The instantaneous velocity field becomes a Hamiltonian vector field defined from the stream function, and it is topologically characterized by the streamline pattern that corresponds to the contour plot of the stream function. The present paper provides us with a procedure to construct structurally stable streamline patterns generated by finitely many point vortices in the presence of the uniform flow. Starting from some basic structurally stable streamline patterns in a disc of low genus, i.e. a disc with a small number of holes, we repeat some fundamental operations that append a streamline pattern by increasing one genus to them. Owing to the inductive procedure, one can assign a sequence of operations as a representing word to each structurally stable streamline pattern. We also give the canonical expression for the word representation, which allows us to make a catalogue of all possible structurally stable streamline patterns in a combinatorial manner. As an example, we show all streamline patterns in the discs of genus 1 and 2.
A framework for understanding semi‐permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates
Authors: Sawyer Hall , Kauffman Matthew J. , Middleton Arthur D. , Morrison Thomas A. , Nielson Ryan M. , Wyckoff Teal B. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryImpermeable barriers to migration can greatly constrain the set of possible routes and ranges used by migrating animals. For ungulates, however, many forms of development are semi‐permeable, and making informed management decisions about their potential impacts to the persistence of migration routes is difficult because our knowledge of how semi‐permeable barriers affect migratory behaviour and function is limited.Here, we propose a general framework to advance the understanding of barrier effects on ungulate migration by emphasizing the need to (i) quantify potential barriers in terms that allow behavioural thresholds to be considered, (ii) identify and measure behavioural responses to semi‐permeable barriers and (iii) consider the functional attributes of the migratory landscape (e.g. stopovers) and how the benefits of migration might be reduced by behavioural changes.We used global position system (GPS) data collected from two subpopulations of mule deerOdocoileus hemionusto evaluate how different levels of gas development influenced migratory behaviour, including movement rates and stopover use at the individual level, and intensity of use and width of migration route at the population level. We then characterized the functional landscape of migration routes as either stopover habitat or movement corridors and examined how the observed behavioural changes affected the functionality of the migration route in terms of stopover use.We found migratory behaviour to vary with development intensity. Our results suggest that mule deer can migrate through moderate levels of development without any noticeable effects on migratory behaviour. However, in areas with more intensive development, animals often detoured from established routes, increased their rate of movement and reduced stopover use, while the overall use and width of migration routes decreased.Synthesis and applications. In contrast to impermeable barriers that impede animal movement, semi‐permeable barriers allow animals to maintain connectivity between their seasonal ranges. Our results identify the mechanisms (e.g. detouring, increased movement rates, reduced stopover use) by which semi‐permeable barriers affect the functionality of ungulate migration routes and emphasize that the management of semi‐permeable barriers may play a key role in the conservation of migratory ungulate populations.
Fetal monitoring with computerized ST analysis during labor: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: SALMELIN ANETTE , WIKLUND INGELA , BOTTINGA ROGER , BRORSSON BENGT , EKMAN‐ORDEBERG GUNVOR , GRIMFORS EVA ENEROTH , HANSON ULF , BLOM MAY , PERSSON ELISABETH 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground. Computerized ST analysis of fetal electrocardiography (ECG) combined with cardiotochography (CTG) has been introduced for intrapartum monitoring and is the prevailing method when ST analysis (STAN®) is used. Objective. To assess the evidence that computerized ST analysis during labor reduces the incidence of fetal metabolic acidosis, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, cesarean section, instrumental vaginal delivery or the number of instances where fetal scalp blood sampling is used as compared with CTG only. Methods. Search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and CRD databases. Selection criteria. CTG only compared with CTG + computerized ST analysis. Data collection and analysis. Studies were assessed using pre‐designed templates. Meta‐analyses of included randomized controlled trials were performed using a random effects model. Results. Risk ratio for cord metabolic acidosis with STAN® was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–1.88]. Risk ratio for cesarean sections or instrumental vaginal deliveries for fetal distress was 0.93 (95%CI 0.80–1.08) and for fetal scalp blood sampling 0.55 (95%CI 0.40–0.76). Encephalopathy cases were not assessed due to their low incidence. Conclusions. There is not enough scientific evidence to conclude that computerized ST analysis reduces the incidence of metabolic acidosis. Cesarean sections and instrumental vaginal deliveries due to fetal distress or other indications are the same, regardless of method, but STAN® reduces the number of instances which require scalp blood sampling.
Cross‐cultural validation of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) in Spain
Authors: Longo E. , Badia M. , Orgaz B. , Verdugo M. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundDespite growing interest in the topic of participation, the construct has not yet been assessed in children and adolescents with and without cerebral palsy (CP) in Spain. As there are no available instruments to measure participation in leisure activities which have been adapted in this country, the goal of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE).MethodThe sample comprised 199 children and adolescents with CP and 199 without CP, between 8 and 18 years of age, from seven regions in Spain. The adaptation of the original version of CAPE was carried out through translation and backward translation, and the validity of the instrument was analysed. Construct validity was assessed through the correlation of the diverse CAPE domains and the quality of life domains (KIDSCREEN questionnaire). Discriminant validity was established by comparing children and adolescents with CP and typically developing children and adolescents. For test–retest reliability, the children and adolescents with and without CP completed the CAPE questionnaire twice within 4 weeks.ResultsThe correlations found between the CAPE domains and the quality of life domains show that the CAPE presents construct validity. The CAPE discriminated children and adolescents with CP from those without any disability in the results of participation. According to most CAPE domains, typically developing children and adolescents engage in a greater number of activities than children and adolescents with CP. Test–retest reliability for the Spanish version of CAPE was adequate.ConclusionThe study provides a valid instrument to assess the participation of children and adolescents with and without CP who live in Spain.
Classifying infants and toddlers with developmental vulnerability: who is most likely to receive early intervention?
Authors: McManus B. M. , Carle A. C. , Rapport M. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundInfants and toddlers with developmental difficulties represent a heterogeneous group who often receives early intervention (EI). Notable population heterogeneity exists and complicates unmet need and effectiveness research. However, a mix of relatively homogeneous clinically policy relevant ‘subgroups’ may create the apparent heterogeneity. To date, methodological challenges have impeded identifying these potential groups and their policy‐relevance.MethodsFrom the 2005–2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, we derived a sample (n = 965) of infants and toddlers with parent‐reported developmental difficulties. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups of developmental vulnerability based upon functional, social and biological characteristics that would make children eligible for EI. Mixture modelling estimated the likelihood of each subgroup receiving parent‐reported EI, controlling for race/ethnicity, child's age, and state of residence.ResultsLCA identified four distinct subgroups of developmental vulnerability: developmental disability (Group 1), mild developmental delay (Group 2), socially at risk with behaviour problems (Group 3), and socially at risk with functional vision difficulties (Group 4). Black, non‐Hispanic children are significantly more likely than their white counterparts to be in Group 3 (β = 1.52, P = 0.001) or group 4 (β = 1.83, P < 0.001). Compared with children with a mild developmental delay (Group 2), children in group 1 (β = −0.61, P < 0.001), group 3 (β = −0.47, P = 0.001) and group 4 (β = −0.38, P = 0.009) are significantly less likely to receive EI.ConclusionsRacial and ethnic differences exist with regard to membership in developmental vulnerability subgroups. Observed inconsistencies in access to EI suggest the need for improved surveillance, referral and outreach.
Biomimetic coating with phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendrons on titanium surfaces enhances Wnt and osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Galli Carlo , Piemontese Marilina , Meikle Steven T. , Santin Matteo , Macaluso Guido M. , Passeri Giovanni 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesPhosphoserine‐based functionalization has been proposed as a tool to improve integration of endosseous implants by promoting osteoblast adhesion and differentiation in vitro. The present work investigates whether phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendrons, when applied as a film to titanium surfaces, enhance the differentiation of osteoblastic cells and the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.Materials and methodsThese films were tested in a murine model of calvaria‐derived MC3T3 osteoblastic cells, primary bone marrow cells and mesenchymal, undifferentiated C2C12 cells. Gene expression was assayed by Real Time PCR, and activation of Wnt signaling pathway was measured with a reporter assay.ResultsDendrons increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, two osteoblastic markers, in both murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells and primary bone marrow cells. The expression of osteoprotegerin, a protein opposing osteoclastogenesis was also significantly higher in cells growing on dendron‐coated substrates both at 3 and 6 days of culture. Similarly, the mRNA levels of Wisp‐2 and of β‐catenin, two Wnt target genes, were also markedly increased in this group at day 6. The activation of this signaling pathway in cells growing on the dendron‐coated surfaces was confirmed by use of a TCF/β‐catenin reporter system in the C2C12 cell line.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study show that phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendron films act as stimuli for the activation of specific signal cascades and promote the differentiation of adhering progenitor cells into an osteoblastic phenotype.
Soft and hard tissue alterations around implants placed in an alveolar ridge with a sloped configuration
Authors: Noelken Robert , Donati Mauro , Fiorellini Joseph , Gellrich Nils‐Claudius , Parker William , Wada Keisuke , Berglundh Tord 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate soft and hard tissue alterations around implants placed in healed, sloped ridge sites.Materials and methodsIn this prospective multi‐center study, 65 patients between 20 and 74 years of age and with a need for a single tooth replacement were included. All patients presented with a recipient implant site demonstrating a lingual–buccal bone height discrepancy of 2.0–5.0 mm and with a neighboring tooth on its mesial aspect. Implant placement (OsseoSpeed™ Profile implants; Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) was performed using a non‐submerged installation procedure. The implants were placed in such a way that the sloped part of the device was located at the buccal and most apical position of the osteotomy preparation. As the buccal rim of the implant was positioned at the crestal bone level, the lingual rim became situated either below or at the level of the lingual bone crest. Clinical assessments of bone levels at the buccal and lingual aspects of the implant were carried out immediately after implant installation and at a surgical re‐entry procedure performed 16 weeks later. Crowns were placed at 21 weeks after implant placement. Radiographs were obtained immediately after implant placement, at 16 and 21 weeks and at the 1‐year re‐examination. Clinical assessment of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels were carried out at 21 weeks and at 1 year of follow‐up.ResultsThe alterations of the bone levels that occurred between implant placement and the 16‐week surgical re‐entry were −0.02 mm (lingual) and −0.30 mm (buccal). The average change in interproximal bone levels between implant placement and the 1‐year re‐examination was 0.54 mm. Clinical attachment level changes between the 21 week and the 1‐year examinations varied between 0.1 mm gain and 0.1 mm loss.ConclusionImplant placement in an alveolar ridge with a sloped marginal configuration resulted in minor remodeling with preserved discrepancies between buccal and lingual bone levels.
Perianal streptococcal dermatitis in adults: its association with pruritic anorectal diseases is mainly caused by group B Streptococci
Authors: Kahlke V. , Jongen J. , Peleikis H. G. , Herbst R. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimAlthough perianal streptococcal dermatitis (PSD) is well known in children, it has only rarely been documented in adults. The incidence and necessity for treatment may be underestimated. We have retrospectively identified adult patients with perianal streptococcal dermatitis.MethodPatients with streptococcal anal dermatitis were identified from a prospective office database. Treatment was with oral antibiotics according to the organism sensitivity. Additional concomitant anorectal disease was treated according to standard guidelines. Patients were compared with a control group, without eczema or erythema, for the presence of β‐haemolysing Streptococci on perianal swab. Demographic and microbiological data were assessed and compared between and within treatment and control groups.ResultsFifty‐three (22 female) patients older than 20 (mean = 49) years of age were diagnosed with perianal streptococcal dermatitis between 2005 and 2009. In most cases group B β‐haemolytic Streptococci were found. Fifty patients received antibiotics for 14 days. In 28 of 33 patients who had a post‐treatment swab, the result was negative. Five patients showed Streptococci of different groups in the post‐treatment swab. Of the 50 patients, 21 (42%) had no further anorectal complaint and 29 (58%) required continuing treatment for another anorectal condition. In the control group β‐haemolysing Streptococcus was found in 34%. Men over 60 years of age more often required no further anorectal treatment compared with women (P < 0.05).ConclusionPerianal streptococcal dermatitis occurs in adult patients more often than reported. It is mainly caused by group B β‐haemolysing Streptococcus. Its diagnosis is important because it can cause serious systemic infections, especially in the elderly and in newborns. Antibiotics resolve the condition in a high proportion of patients.
Toward a general evolutionary theory of oncogenesis
Authors: Ewald Paul W. , Swain Ewald Holly A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe propose an evolutionary framework, the barrier theory of cancer, which is based on the distinction between barriers to oncogenesis and restraints. Barriers are defined as mechanisms that prevent oncogenesis. Restraints, which are more numerous, inhibit but do not prevent oncogenesis. Processes that compromise barriers are essential causes of cancer; those that interfere with restraints are exacerbating causes. The barrier theory is built upon the three evolutionary processes involved in oncogenesis: natural selection acting on multicellular organisms to mold barriers and restraints, natural selection acting on infectious organisms to abrogate these protective mechanisms, and oncogenic selection which is responsible for the evolution of normal cells into cancerous cells. The barrier theory is presented as a first step toward the development of a general evolutionary theory of cancer. Its attributes and implications for intervention are compared with those of other major conceptual frameworks for understanding cancer: the clonal diversification model, the stem cell theory and the hallmarks of cancer. The barrier theory emphasizes the practical value of distinguishing between essential and exacerbating causes. It also stresses the importance of determining the scope of infectious causation of cancer, because individual pathogens can be responsible for multiple essential causes in infected cells.
Formaldehyde in hair straightening products: Rapid 1H NMR determination and risk assessment
Authors: Monakhova Yulia B. , Kuballa Thomas , Mildau Gerd , Kratz Evamaria , Keck‐Wilhelm Andrea , Tschiersch Christopher , Lachenmeier Dirk W. 
Published: December 2012

SynopsisDespite official regulations, the illegal use of formaldehyde‐containing or releasing hair straightening products has become a popular practice in Europe and high contents of formaldehyde in such products have been reported.In this study, a methodology utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed to measure the concentration of formaldehyde in hair straightening products. For sample preparation, a dilution and alkaline hydrolysis is required. The total formaldehyde content can then be quantified by a distinct peak of the CH2 group of the methanediol molecule in the δ4.84–4.82 ppm range.The developed methodology was applied for the analysis of 10 hair straightening products. Seven of these products contained detectable amounts of formaldehyde that were higher than the maximum allowed concentration of 0.2%. The formaldehyde content of these products was found to be in the range 0.42–5.83% with an average concentration of 1.46%. The accuracy and reliability of the NMR results were confirmed by the EU reference photometric method.The air formaldehyde concentrations after application of hair straightening products were estimated in ranges 20–423 ppm and 1–18 ppm (for 1 and 24 m3 salon volume). A probabilistic exposure estimation using Monte Carlo simulation found the average formaldehyde concentration to be 6 ppm (standard deviation 15 ppm). All exposure scenarios considerably exceeded the safe level of 0.1 ppm. Our findings confirmed that the risk of cosmetic formulations with formaldehyde above 0.2% is not negligible, as these products may facilitate considerable exposure of formaldehyde for consumers especially for salon workers.