bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Omgevingswet zet een speelveld uit voor duurzame ontwikkeling
Authors: Filart J.E.M. (Michel) 
Published: June 2015

De Omgevingswet zet een speelveld uit voor duurzame ontwikkeling. Maar waar staan de piketpalen?
Het begrip duurzame ontwikkeling is al enkele decennia onderwerp van publiek debat. Het heeft zich ook sluipenderwijs een plek verworven in het internationale recht. Het wetsvoorstel voor de Omgevingswet introduceert het begrip duurzame ontwikkeling in de Nederlandse wetgeving. En wel meteen als kerndoel van de wet. Deze ‘evolutiestap’ zou een impuls moeten geven aan de normatieve betekenis van duurzame ontwikkeling binnen de Nederlandse samenleving.Dit beschrijvende artikel plaatst het begrip duurzame ontwikkeling in het perspectief van zijn opkomst. Hiermee wordt getracht te peilen wat de huidige normatieve kracht van het begrip is en of het wetsvoorstel van de Omgevingswet de normatieve kracht van duurzame ontwikkeling versterkt. Op basis van de bevindingen in dit artikel zal de auteur nader onderzoeken hoe de Omgevingswet kan worden ingezet voor de verdere normatieve versterking van duurzame ontwikkeling.Dit artikel memoreert eerst de waarden die aan het concept duurzame ontwikkeling ten grondslag liggen. Daarna geeft het globaal weer hoe het staat met de problematiek waarvoor het begrip duurzame ontwikkeling in het leven is geroepen. Vervolgens tracht het aan te geven in hoeverre er bestuurlijke en juridische ‘handen en voeten’ zijn gegeven aan duurzame ontwikkeling. Daarbij worden onder andere de Verklaring van Rio de Janeiro voor Milieu en Ontwikkeling uit 1992 en de alweer bijna vergeten Millennium Declaration uit 2000 in herinnering gebracht. Vervolgens wordt de blik op Nederland gericht. In ‘gidsland’ Nederland kwam na de ondertekening van de genoemde Verklaring van Rio veel positieve energie los rond duurzame ontwikkeling. De heldere Nederlandse koers raakte echter verloren in de mistbanken van de internationale politiek. Dit lijkt de daadkracht die in de jaren na ‘Rio 1992’ aan de dag was gelegd, geen goed te hebben gedaan.Het wetsvoorstel voor de Omgevingswet slaat ‘piketpalen’ voor een nieuw ‘speelveld’ voor duurzame ontwikkeling. Het wetsvoorstel sluit aan bij de ecologische achtergrond van het begrip duurzame ontwikkeling. Wellicht zet dit nieuwe wettelijke kader de maatschappelijke krachten op een duurzamere koers. De normatieve kracht van duurzame ontwikkeling binnen het kader van de Omgevingswet lijkt te worden begrensd door wetenschappelijke, juridische en bestuurlijke (on)mogelijkheden om omgevingswaarden voor duurzame ontwikkeling te definiëren. De normatieve kracht van de Omgevingswet wordt mede bepaald door de wisselwerking tussen de Omgevingswet en andere rechtsdomeinen. Het artikel bakent dit externe bereik van de Omgevingswet conceptueel af aan de hand van de term ‘duurzaamheidsrecht’, een concept dat goed aan zou kunnen sluiten bij de maatschappelijke behoefte aan duurzame ontwikkeling, maar dat in de bestaande Nederlandse situatie geen formele rechtsbasis heeft.
Les libellules du lac des Atocas au parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno : découverte d’une population de l’aeschne des nénuphars au Québec
Authors: Mochon Alain 
Published: June 2015

Le groupe taxonomique des libellules (Insecta : Odonata) a fait l’objet, en 2012 et 2013, d’un inventaire soutenu au lac des Atocas, un milieu protégé du parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno, situé dans la zone bioclimatique tempérée feuillue du Québec. Ce petit plan d’eau à rive tourbeuse, d’à peine 0,68 ha, renferme une diversité de 53 espèces, dont une quarantaine cohabitent et s’y reproduisent afin de compléter leur cycle vital. La confirmation d’une première population de l’aeschne des nénuphars (Rhionaeschna mutata) (Anisoptera : Aeshnidae) au Québec constitue un des faits marquants de cet inventaire. Il s’agit d’une extension nordique de son aire de répartition connue. Plusieurs espèces signalées avaient été rarement rapportées dans la province. L’observation de l’aeschne pygmée (Gomphaeschna furcillata) et de la voluptueuse (Libellula incesta) constitue une première mention pour la Montérégie. Les dates de récolte d’exuvies et d’adultes attestent d’un étalement printanier et automnal de la saison de vol connue pour une douzaine d’espèces.
L’évolution d’un projet social vers un projet architectural et éducatif : le cas d’une école ouverte
Authors: Tenailleau Nadège 
Published: June 2015

L’article se propose d’interroger l’élaboration d’un projet d’école ouverte depuis sa genèse jusqu’à sa mise en oeuvre. Il abordera le cas d’une commune qui, au lendemain des mouvements de « Mai 68 », fédérera de nombreux acteurs autour d’un projet d’urbanisation, et notamment celui d’une école ouverte sur son quartier. Par ce projet de design social au service d’une école, nous reviendrons sur l’implication des politiques nationales et locales ainsi que sur le jeu des relations entre les différents acteurs qui, en participant à ce projet architectural, soulèvent des questions d’ordre pédagogique.
Les « échappées » des expérimentations, une forme de design social des espaces ? Le cas du réaménagement du quartier du Blosne à Rennes (France)
Authors: Ferchaud Flavie , Dumont Marc 
Published: June 2015

Inlassablement aux prises avec la question de la participation des citoyens, les acteurs publics en France comme dans d’autres pays européens ont tenté d’en intégrer de manière récente à des formes plus expérimentales dans le cadre d’opérations d’urbanisme. Ces pratiques permettent-elles réellement de renouveler l’expression et les formes du politique en milieu urbain ? Dans leur tentative d’articulation des dynamiques sociales avec l’action publique, parviennent-elles à définir de nouvelles modalités de design social des espaces construits ?
Pour tenter d’y répondre, l’article s’appuie sur une analyse réalisée dans le cadre d’une recherche-action menée à l’occasion d’une pratique expérimentale de participation en urbanisme, en France, dans un quartier classé zone urbaine sensible (ZUS) de la Ville de Rennes, quartier qui fait l’objet depuis plusieurs années d’un projet de renouvellement urbain. Trois registres propres à cette expérimentation y sont dégagés : la performance, le réformisme et la capacité indirecte à induire certaines dynamiques sociales.
Airborne flux measurements of methane and volatile organic compounds over the Haynesville and Marcellus shale gas production regions
Authors: Yuan Bin , Kaser Lisa , Karl Thomas , Graus Martin , Peischl Jeff , Campos Teresa L. , Shertz Steve , Apel Eric C. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Hills Alan , Gilman Jessica B. , Lerner Brian M. , Warneke Carsten , Flocke Frank M. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Guenther Alex B. , de Gouw Joost A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEmissions of methane (CH4) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from oil and gas production may have large impacts on air quality and climate change. Methane and VOCs were measured over the Haynesville and Marcellus shale gas plays on board the National Center for Atmospheric Research C‐130 and NOAA WP‐3D research aircraft in June–July of 2013. We used an eddy covariance technique to measure in situ fluxes of CH4 and benzene from both C‐130 flights with high‐resolution data (10 Hz) and WP‐3D flights with low‐resolution data (1 Hz). Correlation (R = 0.65) between CH4 and benzene fluxes was observed when flying over shale gas operations, and the enhancement ratio of fluxes was consistent with the corresponding concentration observations. Fluxes calculated by the eddy covariance method show agreement with a mass balance approach within their combined uncertainties. In general, CH4 fluxes in the shale gas regions follow a lognormal distribution, with some deviations for relatively large fluxes (>10 µg m−2 s−1). Statistical analysis of the fluxes shows that a small number of facilities (i.e., ~10%) are responsible for up to ~40% of the total CH4 emissions in the two regions. We show that the airborne eddy covariance method can also be applied in some circumstances when meteorological conditions do not favor application of the mass balance method. We suggest that the airborne eddy covariance method is a reliable alternative and complementary analysis method to estimate emissions from oil and gas extraction.
Extended followup of a cohort of chromium production workers
Authors: Gibb Herman Jones , Lees Peter St. John , Wang Jing , Grace O'Leary Keri 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe current study evaluates the mortality of 2,354 workers first employed at a Baltimore chromate production plant between 1950 and 1974.MethodsThe National Death Index (NDI Plus) was used to determine vital status and cause of death. Cumulative chromium (VI) exposure and nasal and skin irritation were evaluated as risk factors for lung cancer mortality.ResultsThere are 91,186 person‐years of observation and 217 lung cancer deaths. Cumulative chromium (VI) exposure, nasal irritation, nasal perforation, nasal ulceration, and other forms of irritation (e.g., skin irritation) were associated with lung cancer mortality.ConclusionCumulative chromium (VI) exposure was a risk factor for lung cancer death. Cancer deaths, other than lung cancer, were not significantly elevated. Irritation may be a possible mechanism for chromium (VI)‐induced lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:905–913, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Folding Deep Cavitand with Acetamidoquinoxaline Flaps: Hindered Ring Inversion of Cyclohexane in a Confined Cavity by CH–π Interaction
Authors: Nguyen Quoc‐Thiet , Oh Dong‐Won , Kim Won , Sahoo Suban K , Choi Heung‐Jin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA cavitand with acetamidoquinoxaline flaps self‐folds to form a deep confined cavity rigidified by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The cavity formed by this compound is suitable for the selective encapsulation of cyclohexane. The chair‐to‐chair interconversion of encapsulated cyclohexane and free cyclohexane was investigated by dynamic NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3 at 400 MHz. Significant slowdown in the chair‐to‐chair interconversion of encapsulated cyclohexane was recorded due to the CH–π stabilization compared with free cyclohexane.
Tracking Cancer Metastasis In Vivo by Using an Iridium‐Based Hypoxia‐Activated Optical Oxygen Nanosensor
Authors: Zheng Xianchuang , Tang Huang , Xie Chen , Zhang Jialiang , Wu Wei , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have developed a nanosensor for tracking cancer metastasis by noninvasive real‐time whole‐body optical imaging. The nanosensor is prepared by the formation of co‐micelles from a poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐conjugated iridium(III) complex (Ir‐PVP) and poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PCL‐PVP). The near‐infrared phosphorescence emission of the nanosensor could be selectively activated in the hypoxic microenvironment induced by cancer cells. The detection ability of the nanosensor was examined in cells and different animal models. After intravenous injection, the nanosensor can be effectively delivered to the lung and lymph node, and cancer cell metastasis through bloodstream or lymphatics can be quickly detected with high signal‐to‐background ratio by whole‐body imaging and organ imaging. Moreover, the nanosensor exhibits good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The nanosensor is believed to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
Synthesis and Molecular Recognition of Water‐Soluble S6‐Corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines
Authors: Guo Qing‐Hui , Zhao Liang , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report the efficient and scalable synthesis and molecular‐recognition properties of novel and water‐soluble S6‐corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines. The synthesis comprises a one‐pot nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between diesters of 2,5‐dimercaptoterephthalate and 3,6‐dichlorotetrazine followed by the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction of the tetrazine moieties with an enamine and exhaustive saponification of esters. The resulting S6‐corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines, which adopt a 1,3,5‐alternate conformation in the crystalline state, are able to selectively form stable 1:1 complexes with dicationic guest species in water with association constants ranging from (1.10±0.06)×103 M−1 to (1.18±0.06)×105 M−1. The easy availability, large cavity size, strong and selective binding power render the water‐soluble S6‐corona[3]arene[3]pyridazines useful macrocyclic hosts in various disciplines of supramolecular chemistry.
Effect of different concentration of rapeseed‐oil‐based polyol and water on structure and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Malewska Elżbieta , Bąk Szymon , Prociak Aleksander 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTFlexible polyurethane foams (FPURFs) with varied concentration of water from 3.2 to 4.2% and rapeseed oil based polyol (ROP) in the range of 13–22% in polyol premix were obtained. Effects of changes in polyurethane (PUR) formulation on the foaming process and mechanical properties of FPURFs were analyzed. It was found that the change of water content in PUR formulation influences its foaming process. Higher water content in the PUR formulation increases the growth velocity and the temperature of reaction mixture. In the case of foams modified with ROP, an opposite effect can be observed, where higher content of that component resulted in overall downturn of the foaming process and decreases of registered temperature inside the foams core. An addition of ROP beneficially influences on foams cellular structure favoring creation of finer cells. Such modification of PUR formulation with ROP increased apparent density, reduced hardness, and resilience of flexible foams. What is more the support factor of FPURFs with ROP was higher in comparison to the reference foam. Along with higher water content in the PUR formulation, apparent density and hardness has decreased and foams ability to absorb energy has been increased. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42372.
Flame retardancy and crack resistance of transparent intumescent fire‐resistive coatings
Authors: Hong Ling , Hu Xiaoxian , Rao Weiwei , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane (n = 5–10) was introduced into the structure of polyphosphate (PPE) to get siloxane‐modified polyphosphate (SiPPE). Five kinds of SiPPEs with different Si contents were obtained. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy), 31P NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) were used to characterize the composition and structure of PPE and SiPPEs. Six kinds of transparent fire‐resistive coatings were prepared by the mixing of amino resin with PPE and five kinds of SiPPEs. The results of the fire protection test showed that both the fire‐resistive time of coatings and intumescent factor of char layers increased with the increase in content of Si. The results of TGA demonstrated that the carbonaceous residue of coating also increased regularly. The hardness, flexibility, digital photos, SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) and other testing results showed that the introduction of silicon oxygen segment can effectively improve the crack resistance. The charcoal layer structure was more solid than before and collapse was not obvious after long time flame shock. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42423.
Surface‐pegylated chitin whiskers as an effective additive to enhance the mechanical properties of recycled ABS
Authors: de Sousa Mol Alberto , Martins Isabella , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe recyclability of materials is a key issue related to the use of polymers in the automotive and electronic industries, among others. The multiple thermal and mechanical operations used in recycling can cause severe damage to the molecular architecture and microstructure of polymers that frequently leads to a reduction in their mechanical properties, which restricts their recyclability. In this work, nanocomponents (whiskers) derived from chitin were surface‐modified by grafting different molar masses of methoxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG). The modified chitin whiskers were then incorporated into reprocessed ABS (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) to yield nanocomposites with 0.5% (mass/mass) whiskers. The obtained whiskers and nanocomposites were investigated using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated using tensile tests and dynamic mechanical tests. The results show that the surface‐modified chitin whiskers with high molar mass mPEG grafts increased the strength, elongation at break, and stiffness of the reprocessed ABS over virgin and reprocessed ABS and reprocessed ABS nanocomposites with unmodified whiskers. This indicates that the use of surface‐modified chitin whiskers can be valuable in improving the mechanical properties of recycled polymers and, consequently, enhancing their recyclability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42463.
Enhancing mechanical properties of aromatic polyamide fibers containing benzimidazole units via temporarily suppressing hydrogen bonding and crystallization
Authors: Li Ke , Luo Longbo , Huang Jieyang , Wang Huina , Feng Yan , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe copolymerization modified poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) containing 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)−5‐aminobenzimidazole (PABZ) units in the main chain was synthesized and the corresponding poly‐p‐phenylene‐benzimidazole‐terephthalamide (PBIA) fibers were prepared by wet spinning. The HCl, the by‐product released during polymerization, can complex with PABZ units to prevent the formation of hydrogen bonding between PABZ units, resulting in amorphous PBIA fibers and a lower glass transition temperature (Tg). Therefore, for the purpose of gaining strong hydrogen bonding and high orientation degree at the same time in PBIA fibers, two‐step drawing–annealing processing was adopted. The as‐spun PBIA/HCl complex fibers were drawn first at 280°C, higher than the Tg of the PBIA/HCl complex fibers and lower than the decomplexed temperature of HCl, which temporarily suppresses the formation of hydrogen bonding and crystallization. Subsequently, the fibers were annealed to reform hydrogen bonding between PABZ units and crystallization via decomplexation of HCl at 400°C. However, when the drawing is above the decomplexed temperature of HCl, the decomplexation of HCl begins to occur which leads to the reform of hydrogen bonding and crystallization, and the tensile strength of the drawn‐annealed PBIA/HCl complex fibers decreases with a decrease in the HCl content of fibers. The tensile strength of two‐step drawn‐annealed fibers increased by approximately 15% compared to that of one‐step drawn PBIA/HCl complex fibers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42482.
Sodium‐Doped Mesoporous Ni2P2O7 Hexagonal Tablets for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Cheng Cheng , Wang Shanshan , Xu Yazhou , Wang Jindi , Pang Huan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA simple hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare hexagonal tablet precursors, which are then transformed into porous sodium‐doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets by a simple calcination method. The obtained samples were evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Electrochemical measurements show that the electrode based on the porous sodium‐doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets exhibits a specific capacitance of 557.7 F g−1 at a current density of 1.2 A g−1. Furthermore, the porous sodium‐doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets were successfully used to construct flexible solid‐state hybrid supercapacitors. The device is highly flexible and achieves a maximum energy density of 23.4 Wh kg−1 and a good cycling stability after 5000 cycles, which confirms that the porous sodium‐doped Ni2P2O7 hexagonal tablets are promising active materials for flexible supercapacitors.
Thalidomide embryopathy: Follow‐up of cases born between 1959 and 2010
Authors: Kowalski Thayne Woycinck , Sanseverino Maria Teresa Vieira , Schuler‐Faccini Lavinia , Vianna Fernanda Sales Luiz 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThalidomide is a known teratogen and it is estimated that more than ten thousand babies were affected by thalidomide embryopathy (TE), which is characterized mainly by limb defects, but can involve many organs and systems. Most people with TE were only evaluated at birth and it is not well established if thalidomide exposure during embryonic development leads to later effects. We analyzed the clinical history of adults with TE to better understand this gap in the clinical findings of TE.MethodsBrazilian individuals with TE were invited to answer a clinical questionnaire which considered family history, social information, medical history, and current clinical and psychological health status. A clinical examination was also performed, including on the infant subjects to evaluate congenital anomalies. The characterization of the features was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe congenital anomalies caused by thalidomide were reviewed in 28 Brazilian individuals, and the questionnaire was applied to the 23 adult subjects with TE (aged 19 to 55). Progressive deafness and dental loss were reported. From the comparison of TE individuals with the general Brazilian population, the early onset of cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of psychological disorders (p = 0.011) were observed.ConclusionAlthough there is no sufficient evidence that thalidomide exposure caused or worsened the described events, this approach helps to better understand the TE phenotype, improves the clinical diagnosis, and can lead to adequate health support for these individuals. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:794–803, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.