bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The history of the oldest self‐sustaining laboratory animal: 150 years of axolotl research
Authors: Reiß Christian , Olsson Lennart , Hoßfeld Uwe 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTToday the Mexican axolotl is critically endangered in its natural habitat in lakes around Mexico City, but thrives in research laboratories around the world, where it is used for research on development, regeneration, and evolution. Here, we concentrate on the early history of the axolotl as a laboratory animal to celebrate that the first living axolotls arrived in Paris in 1864, 150 years ago. Maybe surprisingly, at first the axolotl was distributed across Europe without being tied to specific research questions, and amateurs engaged in acclimatization and aquarium movements played an important role for the rapid proliferation of the axolotl across the continent. But the aquarium also became an important part of the newly established laboratory, where more and more biological and medical research now took place. Early scientific interest focused on the anatomical peculiarities of the axolotl, its rare metamorphosis, and whether it was a larva or an adult. Later, axolotl data was used to argue both for (by August Weismann and others) and against (by e.g., Albert von Kölliker) Darwinism, and the axolotl even had a brief history as a laboratory animal used in a failed attempt to prove Lysenkoism in Jena, Germany. Nowadays, technical developments such as transgenic lines, and the very strong interest in stem cell and regeneration research has again catapulted the axolotl into becoming an important laboratory animal. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 393–404, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of DCE‐MRI time–intensity curve‐shape analysis in patients with knee arthritis: A comparison with qualitative and pharmacokinetic analyses
Authors: van der Leij Christiaan , Lavini Cristina , van de Sande Marleen G.H. , de Hair Marjolein J.H. , Wijffels Christophe , Maas Mario 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo compare the between‐session reproducibility of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) combined with time–intensity curve (TIC)‐shape analysis in arthritis patients, within one scanner and between two different scanners, and to compare this method with qualitative analysis and pharmacokinetic modeling (PKM).Materials and MethodsFifteen knee joint arthritis patients were included and scanned twice on a closed‐bore 1.5T scanner (n = 9, group 1), or on a closed‐bore 1.5T and on an open‐bore 1.0T scanner (n = 6, group 2). DCE‐MRI data were postprocessed using in‐house developed software ("Dynamo"). Disease activity was assessed.ResultsDisease activity was comparable between the two visits. In group 1 qualitative analysis showed the highest reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between 0.78 and 0.98 and root mean square‐coefficients of variation (RMS‐CoV) of 8.0%–14.9%. TIC‐shape analysis showed a slightly lower reproducibility with similar ICCs (0.78–0.97) but higher RMS‐CoV (18.3%–42.9%). The PKM analysis showed the lowest reproducibility with ICCs between 0.39 and 0.64 (RMS‐CoV 21.5%–51.9%). In group 2 TIC‐shape analysis of the two most important TIC‐shape types showed the highest reproducibility with ICCs of 0.78 and 0.71 (RMS‐CoV 29.8% and 59.4%) and outperformed the reproducibility of the most important qualitative parameter (ICC 0.31, RMS‐CoV 45.1%) and the within‐scanner reproducibility of PKM analysis.ConclusionTIC‐shape analysis is a robust postprocessing method within one scanner, almost as reproducible as the qualitative analysis. Between scanners, the reproducibility of the most important TIC‐shapes outperform that of the most important qualitative parameter and the within‐scanner reproducibility of PKM analysis. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1497–1506.
OKN‐007 decreases tumor necrosis and tumor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in a preclinical F98 rat glioma model
Authors: de Souza Patricia Coutinho , Balasubramanian Krithika , Njoku Charity , Smith Natalyia , Gillespie David L. , Schwager Andrea , Abdullah Osama , Ritchey Jerry W. , Fung Kar‐Ming , Saunders Debra , Jensen Randy L. , Towner Rheal A. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundGlioblastoma is a malignant World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma with a poor prognosis in humans. New therapeutics are desperately required. The nitrone OKN‐007 (2,4‐disulfophenyl‐PBN) has demonstrated effective anti‐glioma properties in several rodent models and is currently being used as a clinical investigational drug for recurrent gliomas. We assessed the regional effects of OKN‐007 in the tumor necrotic core and non‐necrotic tumor parenchyma.MethodsAn F98 rat glioma model was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), morphological T2‐weighted imaging (T2W) at 7 Tesla (30 cm‐bore MRI), as well as immunohistochemistry and microarray assessments, at maximum tumor volumes (15–23 days following cell implantation in untreated (UT) tumors, and 18–35 days in OKN‐007‐treated tumors).Results1H‐MRS data indicates that Lip0.9/Cho, Lip0.9/Cr, Lip1.3/Cho, and Lip1.3/Cr ratios are significantly decreased (all P < 0.05) in the OKN‐007‐treated group compared with UT F98 gliomas. The Cho/Cr ratio is also significantly decreased in the OKN‐007‐treated group compared with UT gliomas. In addition, the OKN‐007‐treated group demonstrates significantly lower ADC values in the necrotic tumor core and the nonnecrotic tumor parenchyma (both P < 0.05) compared with the UT group. There was also an increase in apoptosis following OKN‐007 treatment (P < 0.01) compared with UT.ConclusionOKN‐007 reduces both necrosis and tumor cell proliferation, as well as seems to mediate multiple effects in different tumor regions (tumor necrotic core and nonnecrotic tumor parenchyma) in F98 gliomas, indicating the efficacy of OKN‐007 as an anti‐cancer agent and its potential clinical use. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1582–1591.
Polymer Interphase Self‐Reinforcement and Strengthening Mechanisms in Low‐Loaded Nanocomposite Fibers
Authors: Song Kenan , Zhang Yiying , Minus Marilyn L. 
Published: April 2015

The effect of filler concentration on understanding structure–property relationships in polymer composites with low nanocarbon (nC) loadings (<1 wt%) is investigated. The presence of the carbon nanochips (CNC) filler induces the formation of highly ordered self‐reinforcing interphase regions within the composite fibers. The influence of these regions on the structure and properties of the fibers is analyzed by both theoretical and experimental methods. Analysis of the filled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers demonstrates that the presence of the nC influences the organization and formation of crystalline and amorphous polymer lamellae stacking in the fibers, leading to variations in grain structure for the composites. These structural developments contribute specifically to the property increases (i.e., elastic modulus increased by 222% and tensile strength increased by 186%) for the PVA/CNC composites in comparison to control PVA fibers.
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A compact orthogonal wideband printed mimo antenna for WiFi/WLAN/LTE applications
Authors: Marzudi W. N. N. W. , Abidin Z. Z. , Dahlan S. H. , Yue Ma , Abd‐Alhameed Raed A. , Child M. B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a wideband multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna assembly for combined WiFi/WLAN/LTE applications. The antenna consists of two radiating triangular patches placed in a mutually orthogonal configuration. Two T‐slots and a rectangular slot were cut on the ground plane to improve the return loss and isolation. The surface footprint of the antenna is 30 × 30 mm2. The antenna impedance bandwidth is 101.7% between 2280 and 7000 MHz; the reflection coefficient and mutual coupling are better than −10 dB, and −14 dB, respectively. The MIMO antenna performance characteristics are given in terms of the scattering parameters, envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient, capacity loss, channel capacity, VSWR, antenna gain and radiation patterns. Analysis of these characteristics indicates that the design is appropriate for the target WiFi/WLAN/LTE terminal applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1733–1738, 2015
Circularly polarized bowtie‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna excited with asymmetric cross slot
Authors: Chauthaiwale Prachi , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA circularly polarized bowtie‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) excited by an asymmetric cross‐shaped slot, fed by a microstrip line has been proposed in this article. The proposed antenna structure achieves a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 7.4%. An impedance bandwidth of 43.8% has been obtained for circularly polarized bowtie‐shaped DRA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1723–1727, 2015
An efficient approach to generate microwave vector‐vortex fields based on metasurface
Authors: Tan Yunhua , Li Lianlin , Ruan Henxin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study presents a simple but efficient approach to generate microwave vector‐vortex beams based on the metasurface composed of quasi‐periodic aperture‐coupled patch elements. We demonstrate that the vector‐vortex field with or without spiral phase can be achieved by changing the polarization of incident wave. Moreover, the spiral phase and/or polarization angle of produced vector‐vortex beams can be manipulated by tuning the topological charge τ. Results obtained using the commercial software CST Microwave Studio 2012 are presented to verify our methodology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1708–1713, 2015
3.6‐GHz 10‐antenna array for mimo operation in the smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lu Jun‐Yu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 10‐antenna array operating in the 3.6‐GHz band (3400–3800 MHz) for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) operation in the smartphone is presented. Each antenna in the proposed array is a microstripline‐fed open‐slot antenna with same small dimensions of 3 × 8 mm2 (0.036λ × 0.096λ, λ is the wavelength at 3.6 GHz). The proposed array consists of two symmetric five‐antenna arrays disposed, respectively, along two long side edges of the system ground plane of the smartphone. The proposed array is expected to be placed in the narrow spacing between the display panel and the long side edges of the smartphone. Acceptable isolation (better than about 10 dB) and good envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.1 for any two antennas in the proposed array is obtained. The maximum channel capacity of the proposed array in a 10 × 10 MIMO system is calculated to reach about 47 bps/Hz at 20‐dB signal‐to‐noise ratio, which is larger than four times that (11.5 bps/Hz) of the upper limit of an ideal 2 × 2 MIMO system with 100% antenna efficiency and zero ECC between antennas. Details of the proposed 10‐antenna array are described, and the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1699–1704, 2015
1.1 GBIT/S white lighting LED‐based visible light link with pulse amplitude modulation and Volterra DFE equalization
Authors: Stepniak Grzegorz , Maksymiuk Lukasz , Siuzdak Jerzy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe report a visible light communication link that uses a white phosphorescent LED as transmitter and a p‐i‐n photodiode combined with blue optical filter as a receiver. Multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is used for data transmission. It is shown that a receiver with a decision feedback equalizer and nonlinear second‐order Volterra feed‐forward section allows for 1.1 Gbit/s throughput at BER = 10–3 when used with PAM‐4. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1620–1622, 2015
Comparison of the repeatability of GABA‐edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy with and without macromolecule suppression
Authors: Mikkelsen Mark , Singh Krish D. , Sumner Petroc , Evans C. John 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThe inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be measured in vivo using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), but quantification suffers from contamination by macromolecules (MM). It is possible to suppress this contamination using symmetric editing, but this procedure potentially compromises reliability of the GABA measurement. The aim of this study was to compare the repeatability of GABA‐edited MRS with and without MM suppression.MethodsGABA′ (non‐MM contaminated) and GABA′+MM (MM‐contaminated) concentration was measured in the occipital lobe (OCC) and anterior cingulate (AC) using symmetric and standard editing (n = 15). Each method was performed twice in each region.ResultsWithin‐participant coefficients of variation for each technique were 4.0% (GABA′+MM) and 8.6% (GABA′) in the OCC and 14.8% (GABA′+MM) and 12.6% (GABA′) in the AC. Intraclass correlation coefficients were better for the suppression method than standard editing in both the OCC (0.72 versus 0.67) and AC (0.41 versus 0.16). These findings were replicated in the OCC of a second cohort (n = 15).ConclusionSymmetric suppression is shown to be comparable in repeatability to standard GABA‐editing. Measuring a purer quantification of GABA becomes increasingly important as more research is conducted on links between GABA concentration, pathology and healthy behavior. Magn Reson Med 75:946–953, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interventions targeting absences increase adherence and reduce abandonment of childhood cancer treatment in El Salvador
Authors: Salaverria Carmen , Rossell Nuria , Hernandez Angelica , Fuentes Alabi Soad , Vasquez Roberto , Bonilla Miguel , Lam Catherine G. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundIn El Salvador, about 200 new cases of pediatric cancer are diagnosed each year, and survival rates approach 70%. Although treatment is available at no cost, abandonment of therapy has remained at a steady yearly rate of 13% during the past decade. A time sensitive adherence tracking procedure (TS‐ATP) was recently implemented to detect missed appointments, identify their causes, and intervene promptly.Procedure The study team was informed daily of patient/family failure to attend medical appointments in the pediatric oncology unit; the families were contacted and interviewed to ascertain and address the reasons. Patients who did not return after this initial contact were contacted again through local health clinics and municipalities. Law enforcement was a last resort for patients undergoing frontline treatment with a good prognosis., The system was adapted to clinical urgency: families of patients undergoing induction therapy were contacted within 24 hr, those in other therapy phases, within 48 hr, and those who had completed treatment, within one week. Reasons for absence were obtained by telephone or in person.ResultsThe annual rate of abandonment was reduced from 13–3% during the 2 years period. There were 1,111 absences reported and 1,472 contacts with caregivers and institutions. The three main reasons for absences were financial needs (165, 23%), unforeseen barriers (116, 16%), and domestic needs (86, 12%).ConclusionsUse of the treatment adherence tracking system to locate and communicate with patients/families after missed appointments and the allocated aid stemming from these interviews substantially reduced abandonment and non‐adherence. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1609–1615. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectral dependence of light extraction efficiency of high‐power III‐nitride light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Karpov Sergey Yu. , Binder Michael , Galler Bastian , Schiavon Dario 
Published: April 2015

Using the recently suggested method of processing the data on external quantum efficiency as a function of output optical power, we have estimated the dependence of light extraction efficiency of high‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on their emission wavelength varied between 425 nm and 540 nm. The extraction efficiency is found to increase with the wavelength from ∼80% to ∼85% in this spectral range and to correlate with the wavelength dependence of reflectivity of the large‐area p‐electrode being the essential unit of the LED chip design. The correlation found identifies the incomplete reflection of emitted light from the electrode as the major mechanism eventually controlling the spectral dependence of the efficiency of light extraction from the LEDs.
magnified imageSpectral dependence of light extraction efficiency of the UX:3TM LED chip: comparison of experiment and modelling results.(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Classification of Stream Water Temperature Regimes in the Conterminous USA
Authors: Maheu A. , Poff N. L. , St‐Hilaire A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTemporal variability in water temperature plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems, yet the thermal regime of streams has mainly been described in terms of mean or extreme conditions. In this study, annual and diel variability in stream water temperature was described at 135 unregulated, gauged streams across the USA. Based on magnitude, amplitude and timing characteristics of daily water temperature records ranging from 5 to 33 years, we classified thermal regimes into six distinct types. This classification underlined the importance of including characteristics of variability (amplitude and timing) in addition to aspects of magnitude to discriminate thermal regimes at the continental scale. We used a classification tree to predict thermal regime membership of the six classes and found that the annual mean and range in the long‐term air temperature average along with spring flows were important variables defining the thermal regime types at the continental scale. This research provides a framework for a comprehensive characterization of the thermal regimes of streams that could provide a basis for future assessment of changes in water temperature caused by anthropogenic activities such as dams, land use changes and climate change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of a Single Volar Locking Plate for AO C3-Type Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Earp Brandon E. , Foster Brian , Blazar Philip E. 
Published: April 2015

Background A single volar locking plate (VLP) is now frequently used for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of many types of distal radius fractures. Comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures (AO C3-type) are typically the most challenging to surgically treat. No studies directly address the adequacy of a VLP alone for maintaining reduction of AO C-type fractures. We hypothesized that a single VLP provides an effective method for maintaining reduction for these fractures. Methods We retrospectively evaluated radiographs of a series of AO C-type fractures. Seventy-seven patients with 77 AO C3-type fractures were identified from billing records and were eligible for the study. All patients were treated by fellowship-trained hand surgeons. Radiographs at the time of union were compared to those from immediately postoperatively. Results Sixty-nine of 77 (89.6 %) fractures treated with VLP fixation alone for AO C3-type distal radius fractures united without loss of reduction. Eight of 77 (10.4 %) patients treated with VLP for AO C3 fractures lost reduction. The most common fracture fragment to lose reduction was the lunate fossa (5 of 8); loss of reduction of the scaphoid fossa die-punch fragment (2 of 8) and the radial styloid (1 of 8) were also seen. Conclusions The majority (89.6 %) of AO C3-type fractures treated with a single volar locking plate come to union without loss of reduction. Level of evidence: Level IV.
The Relationship Between Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Plate of Low-Mn Steel During Ultra Fast Cooling
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Zhao-dong , Wang Bing-xing , Wang Guo-dong , Misra R. D. K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We describe here the electron microscopy and mechanical property studies that were conducted in an industrially processed 20- and 40-mm C-Mn thick plates that involved a new approach of ultrafast cooling (UFC) together with significant reduction in Mn-content of the steel by ~0.3 to 0.5 pct, in relation to the conventional C-Mn steels, with the aim of cost-effectiveness. The study demonstrated that nanoscale cementite precipitation occurred during austenite transformation in the matrix of heavy plate during UFC, providing significant precipitation strengthening. With decrease in UFC stop temperature and consequent increase in the degree of undercooling, there was a transition in the morphology of cementite from lamellar to irregular-shaped nanoscale particles in the 20 mm heavy plate. With the increase in plate thickness, nanoscale cementite precipitated in bainitic lath at the surface of 40 mm heavy plate, which significantly increased the strength and decreased the elongation. Simultaneously, microstructural evolution in hot-rolled sheets was studied via simulation experiments using laboratory rolling mill to define the limits of microstructural evolution that can obtained in the UFC process and develop an understanding of the evolved microstructure in terms of process parameters.
Targeting histone deacetylase 6 mediates a dual anti‐melanoma effect: Enhanced antitumor immunity and impaired cell proliferation
Authors: Woan K.V. , Lienlaf M. , Perez-Villaroel P. , Lee C. , Cheng F. , Knox T. , Woods D.M. , Barrios K. , Powers J. , Sahakian E. , Wang H.W. , Canales J. , Marante D. , Smalley K.S.M. , Bergman J. , Seto E. , Kozikowski A. , Pinilla-Ibarz J. , Sarnaik A. , Celis E. , Weber J. , Sotomayor E.M. , Villagra A. 
Published: April 2015

The median survival for metastatic melanoma is in the realm of 8–16 months and there are few therapies that offer significant improvement in overall survival. One of the recent advances in cancer treatment focuses on epigenetic modifiers to alter the survivability and immunogenicity of cancer cells. Our group and others have previously demonstrated that pan‐HDAC inhibitors induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and changes in the immunogenicity of melanoma cells. Here we interrogated specific HDACs which may be responsible for this effect. We found that both genetic abrogation and pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC6 decreases in vitro proliferation and induces G1 arrest of melanoma cell lines without inducing apoptosis. Moreover, targeting this molecule led to an important upregulation in the expression of tumor associated antigens and MHC class I, suggesting a potential improvement in the immunogenicity of these cells. Of note, this anti‐melanoma activity was operative regardless of mutational status of the cells. These effects translated into a pronounced delay of in vivo melanoma tumor growth which was, at least in part, dependent on intact immunity as evidenced by the restoration of tumor growth after CD4+ and CD8+ depletion. Given our findings, we provide the initial rationale for the further development of selective HDAC6 inhibitors as potential therapeutic anti‐melanoma agents.