bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus mitis: A case report
Authors: Nakayama Saki , Itagaki Hideya , Abe Yoshinobu , Matumura Nobutoshi , Endo Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare disease caused by hematogenous intraocular metastasis of bacteria from an infectious source. Diagnosing endogenous endophthalmitis is challenging for non-ophthalmologists. However, ophthalmic diseases can cause irreversible vision loss, making prompt diagnosis and treatment critical. Here we present a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis initially misdiagnosed as a cataract.

Patient concerns:
An 84-year-old Japanese man presented to the emergency department with fever and dysmotility. The patient was aware of a left subconjunctival hemorrhage and cloudy cornea upon arrival at the hospital, but he misunderstood it as a fall-induced subconjunctival hemorrhage and age-related cataracts.

Diagnoses:
On the day following admission, petechial hemorrhage on the eyelid conjunctiva and the detection of Streptococcus mitis in the blood culture results led us to suspect endophthalmitis rather than cataracts. A definitive diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made through ophthalmologic examinations, and endophthalmitis was considered secondary to endocarditis.

Interventions:
Subsequently, antimicrobial treatment was continued.

Outcomes:
However, the patient developed myocardial infarction and died on the ninth day of hospitalization.

Lessons:
Two important lessons were learned from the examination of this case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by S mitis. First, endophthalmitis and cataracts can be misdiagnosed. Because the symptoms of endophthalmitis and cataracts, such as decreased vision, photophobia, and blurred vision, are similar, the eye must be cautiously examined. Second, endocarditis caused by S mitis may lead to endogenous endophthalmitis. Although S mitis is not pathogenic, endogenous endophthalmitis may occur in patients with certain risk factors, such as older age, cancer, and immunosuppression.
Unveiling the unprecedented – Very late brain metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and comprehensive analysis
Authors: Cha Seungah , Lee Chang-Hoon , Jang Kyu Yun , Jeon So-Yeon 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) frequently invades nearby lymph nodes, the liver, and lungs. The liver and lungs are also common anatomic sites for the first recurrence of CCA. However, metastasis to the brain is exceptionally rare.

Patient concerns:
A 79-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with distal CCA and underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy along with adjuvant chemotherapy 13-years ago visited the neurosurgery outpatient department. He complained of dysarthria and right leg weakness that had started 7 days previously.

Diagnoses:
Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a 32 mm × 28 mm mass in the left frontal lobe with peripheral ring enhancement and vasogenic edema. A tumor mass removal operation was performed, and pathological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed negativity for thyroid transcription factor-1 and napsin A, and positivity for cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, and CK19. Simultaneously, Chest CT, abdomen–pelvis CT and 18-Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed only two small nodules in the left upper lung, with no evidence of locoregional recurrence in the abdominal cavity. Considering these CT, positron emission tomography-CT, and pathologic findings, very late recurrence of biliary tract cancer with brain and lung metastases was suggested.

Interventions and outcomes:
A therapeutic plan involving systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin was proposed, but the patient refused further chemotherapy.

Lessons:
This case highlights the unpredictable nature of metastatic patterns in CCA, where brain metastasis occurs very late, preceding locoregional recurrence in the liver. This challenges conventional expectations and underscores the need for vigilant surveillance and consideration of atypical metastatic sites in long-term survivors of CCA.
Addressing the Health Needs of LGBTQ Persons in Medical Curricula: A Review of Educational Programs
Authors: Khalfe Nasim , Stephens Matthew , Albaba Dania , Gordon Mollie R. , Coverdale John 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Given the vulnerability of and the importance of caring for the specific health care needs of the growing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) population, the authors attempted to identify all educational interventions in psychiatric settings with quantitative outcomes targeting medical students, residents, and physicians in postgraduate settings. To gain insight from other disciplines that have published research in this area, a second objective was to review studies in teaching in those other disciplines. The authors sought to describe the methods of selected studies.

Methods:
The authors searched the published English-language literature indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO using key terms for health care education concerning LGBTQ populations. The authors described and critically appraised studies with quantitative outcomes designed to enhance knowledge, skills, and attitudes in treating the LGBTQ community.

Results:
Of the 15 trials identified, 10 included medical students, 4 included internal medicine residents or medical school faculty, and 1 included oncologists. We did not find any randomized controlled trials or controlled nonrandomized trials of curricula dedicated to teaching learners in psychiatry. All of the studies included a presurvey, followed by an educational intervention and then a postsurvey assessment. The educational interventions, outcome measures, and quality of studies varied widely. Four studies enrolled self-identified members of the LGBTQ community as trainers and facilitators of the educational interventions.

Conclusions:
The lack of high-quality controlled studies indicates the need to develop evidence-based curricula to support the education of the psychiatric workforce to provide for the special needs of LGBTQ persons.
Development and Validation of Novel Cell-free Direct Neutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lim Ji Youn , Fiore Alyssa , Le Bruce , Minzer Corinne , White Halle , Burinski Krystle , Janwari Humaira , Wright David , Perebikovsky Sasha , Davis Ralph , Okrongly David , Srinivasan Aravind 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeutralizing antibody titer elicited through infection or vaccination is accepted as a reliable surrogate for protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. The gold standard for measuring neutralizing antibody levels relies on culturing live virus in the presence of a target cell and quantitating the level where 50% of the target cells are infected. These assays have numerous technical challenges, not the least is the requirement for a BSL-3 laboratory to perform the live virus testing. We developed the Q-NAb IgG Test for the quantitative determination of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants, traceable to WHO International Standards. The test utilizes a novel Fusion Protein that mimics the Spike receptor binding domain docked to the human ACE2 protein and effectively blocks non-neutralizing antibodies in the sample. After pre-blocking sequesters the non-neutralizing antibodies from the samples, direct binding of the residual neutralizing antibodies to variant RBDs coated in the wells of the microtiter plate is measured with a fluorescent secondary antibody. Results of the Q-NAb IgG Test agree with a live virus Microneutralization Assay for both the Ancestral strain (WA1-2020) and the Omicron BA.5 (COR-22-063113/2022) variant (Spearman’s correlation, ρ = 0.87 and 0.92, respectively). The analytical performance (LoB, LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision, and interference) of the Q-NAb IgG Test was established along with sensitivity and specificity using a panel of monoclonal neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Clinical sensitivity and specificity using pre-pandemic, convalescent, and vaccinated serum and plasma samples is also reported. The advantages of the Q-NAb IgG Test are its strong correlation to live virus neutralization tests, traceability to WHO International Standards, convenient microtiter plate format, low sample volume requirements, and suitability for a BSL-2 laboratory.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients- Multifactorial Contributors to Dose Limiting and Chronic Toxicity
Authors: Li Tiffany , Timmins Hannah C , Horvath Lisa G , Harrison Michelle , Grimison Peter , Friedlander Michael , Marx Gavin , Boyle Frances , Wyld David , Henderson Robert , King Tracy , Baron-Hay Sally , Kiernan Matthew C , Barnes Elizabeth H , Goldstein David , Park Susanna B 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a complex and dose-limiting toxicity of anticancer treatments with chronic symptoms leading to increased disability and reduced quality of life. The present study evaluated clinical risk factors associated with development of chronic, severe and dose-limiting CIPN, utilising a comprehensive multi-modal battery of neuropathy assessment.MethodsBaseline clinical risk factors were investigated in patients who had completed neurotoxic chemotherapy (including taxanes, platinums and haematological cancer therapies). CIPN was assessed using neurological evaluation (Total Neuropathy Score, sural nerve conduction studies), patient reported outcome measure (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20), and clinically graded neuropathy (NCI-CTCAE). Multivariate models of risk factors associated with development of chronic, severe and dose-limiting CIPN were evaluated using backwards stepwise regression model building.ResultsThe study recruited 903 patients (age 61 (IQR 50-69) years) who were assessed 12 (IQR 6-24) months post neurotoxic treatment. 73% of patients presented with CIPN at time of assessment, with 37% having moderate to severe symptoms. 32% of patients experienced neurotoxic treatment dose modification due to CIPN. Across the various CIPN assessment approaches, risk factors for chronic CIPN included older age, diabetes diagnosis, higher BMI and prior exposure to neurotoxic treatment (all P<0.05). Risk factors for severe CIPN included older age, higher BMI, prior neurotoxic treatment and female sex (all P<0.05), whereas risk factors for dose-limiting CIPN included older age and female sex (all P<0.05).DiscussionThis study identified baseline clinical risk factors associated chronic, severe and dose-limiting CIPN. Closer monitoring of these vulnerable cohorts will allow for timely CIPN management, including referral pathways to intervention and rehabilitation therapies which will ultimately lead to improved CIPN morbidity.
Recovery from Heart Failure is a Vascular Recovery
Authors: Ranka Rajul K. , Gupta Krishan , Naegele Felix , Lu Alexander J. , Li Shuang , Graber Michael , Carter Kaylee N. , Mojiri Anahita , Zhang Lili , Bhimaraj Arvind , Lai Li , Youker Keith A. , Chen Kaifu , Cooke John P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited treatment options. Heart transplantation is an end stage option but limited by donor availability. Left-ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation serves as a bridging strategy for patients awaiting a transplant. Intriguingly, LVAD support (typically for 6-12 months before heart transplantation) is often associated with some level of improvement in cardiac function and histology. In rare cases, LVAD support can improve cardiac function sufficiently to avoid heart transplantation after LVAD removal. The underlying mechanisms of this improvement in cardiac function are not understood. Here, we provide evidence that the improvement in cardiac function post-LVAD is associated with a reduction in fibrosis and an increase in capillary density. This heart failure recovery (HFR) is also associated with an angiogenic cell fate transition. We observed a distinct pro-angiogenic phenotype of cardiac non-myocytes isolated from post-LVAD hearts. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing of pre- and post-LVAD cardiac tissue reveals a fibroblast subtype that undergoes mesenchymal to endothelial transition (MEndoT), potentially facilitating HFR. In a murine model of HFR, lineage tracing studies confirm that MEndoT is associated with the increase in capillary density and perfusion during HFR. In summary, our results support the new concept that HFR is associated with a reduction in interstitial cardiac fibrosis, an increase in capillary density and perfusion, that is due in part to an angiogenic cell fate transition. Our work represents a shift in the conceptual framework regarding mechanisms of HFR, and a new therapeutic avenue for exploration.
Combined effects of pharmacological interventions and intermittent theta-burst stimulation on motor sequence learning
Authors: Kim Hakjoo , Kornman Paul T. , Kweon Jamie , Wassermann Eric M. , Wright David L. , Li Johnson , Brown Joshua C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrugs that modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors can shed light on their role in synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation. However, research on the combined effects of these drugs and exogenous stimulation on motor learning is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions combined with intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on human motor learning. Nine right-handed healthy subjects (mean age ± SD: 31.56 ± 12.96 years; 6 females) participated in this double-blind crossover study. All participants were assigned to four drug conditions in a randomized order: (1) D-cycloserine (partial NMDA receptor agonist), (2) D-cycloserine + dextromethorphan (NMDA receptor agonist + antagonist), (3) lorazepam (GABAAreceptor agonist), and (4) placebo (identical microcrystalline cellulose capsule). After drug intake, participants practiced the 12-item keyboard sequential task as a baseline measure. Two hours after drug intake, iTBS was administered at the primary motor cortex. Following iTBS, the retention test was performed in the same manner as the baseline measure. Our findings revealed that lorazepam combined with iTBS impaired motor learning during the retention test. Future studies are still needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which TMS may influence human motor learning.
Amidase and Lysozyme Dual Functions in TseP Reveal a New Family of Chimeric Effectors in the Type VI Secretion System
Authors: Wang Zeng-Hang , An Ying , Zhao Ting , Pei Tong-Tong , Wang Dora Yuping , Liang Xiaoye , Qin Wenming , Dong Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeptidoglycan (PG) serves as an essential target for antimicrobial development. An overlooked reservoir of antimicrobials lies in the form of PG-hydrolyzing enzymes naturally produced for polymicrobial competition, particularly those associated with the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here we report that a T6SS effector TseP, fromAeromonas dhakensis, represents a family of effectors with dual amidase-lysozyme activities.In vitroPG-digestion coupled with LC-MS analysis revealed the N-domain’s amidase activity, which is neutralized by either catalytic mutations or the presence of the immunity protein TsiP. The N-domain, but not the C-domain, of TseP is sufficient to restore T6SS secretion in T6SS-defective mutants, underscoring its critical structural role. Using pull-down and secretion assays, we showed that these two domains interact directly with a carrier protein VgrG2 and can be secreted separately. Homologs inAeromonas hydrophilaandPseudomonas syringaeexhibited analogous dual functions. Additionally, N- and C-domains display distinctive GC contents, suggesting an evolutionary fusion event. By altering the surface charge through structural-guided design, we engineered the TsePC4+effector that successfully lyses otherwise resistantBacillus subtiliscells, enabling the T6SS to inhibitB. subtilisin a contact-independent manner. This research uncovers TseP as a new family of bifunctional chimeric effectors targeting PG, offering a potential strategy to harness these proteins in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.Significance StatementAntimicrobial resistance urgently demands global interventions, and the bacteria cell wall remains a promising target. Our research introduces a novel family of bifunctional, cell-wall-damaging T6SS effectors. More importantly, we demonstrate an effective strategy to enable an otherwise ineffective enzyme to target both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Our findings highlight a promising path forward using cell-wall-damaging effectors, a largely untapped resource, in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
A central research portal for mining pancreatic clinical and molecular datasets and accessing biobanked samples
Authors: Oscanoa J. , Ross-Adams H , Dayem Ullah Abu Z M , Kolvekar TS , Sivapalan L , Gadaleta E , Thorn GJ , Abdollahyan M , Imrali A , Saad A , Roberts R , Hughes C ,   PCRFTB, Kocher HM , Chelala C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Pancreatic Expression Database (PED) is a powerful resource dedicated to the mining and analysis of pancreatic -omics datasets. Here, we demonstrate the biological interpretations that are possible because of vital updates that have transformed PED into a dynamic analytics hub accommodating an extensive range of publicly available datasets. PED now hosts clinical and molecular datasets from four primary sources (Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia and Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange) that together form the foundation of omics profiling of pancreatic malignancies and related lesions (n=7,760 specimens). Several user-friendly analytical tools to explore and integrate the molecular data derived from these primary specimens and cell lines are now available. Crucially, PED is integrated as the data access point for Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund Tissue Bank – the only national pancreatic cancer biobank in the UK. This will pioneer a new era of biobanking to promote collaborative studies and effective sharing of multi-modal molecular, histopathology and imaging data from biobank samples (>60,000 specimens from >3,400 cases and controls; 2,037 H&E images from 349 donors) and accelerate validation ofin silicofindings in patient-derived material. These updates place PED at the analytical forefront of pancreatic biomarker-based research, providing the user community with a distinct resource to facilitate hypothesis-testing on public data, validate novel research findings, and access curated, high-quality patient tissues for translational research. To demonstrate the practical utility of PED, we investigate somatic variants associated with established transcriptomic subtypes and disease prognosis: several patient-specific variants are clinically actionable and may be leveraged for precision medicine.
A Quantitative Study to Assess the Effect of a Community-Academy Partnership Event on Knowledge, Awareness, and Engagement Against Substance Abuse
Authors: Dixit Smriti , Sharma Sadhana , Sharma Neha , Patel Manisha 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to assess the quantitative effects of the community-academy partnership event, called Chaitanya Utsav, on the levels of knowledge, awareness, and engagement in combating drug misuse in the local community. The research aims to evaluate the impact of these joint endeavours on the participants’ knowledge and attitudes regarding substance usage, as well as their participation in preventative efforts. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from participants both before and after the event. Important indicators consist of variations in knowledge levels, awareness of drug addiction challenges, and the degree of community engagement in associated activities. Initial results demonstrate significant improvements in all three domains, highlighting the effectiveness of collaborations between communities and academic institutions in addressing substance dependence. This study emphasizes the crucial role that such collaborations play in fostering informed and proactive communities, serving as an outline for similar initiatives in multiple domains.
Suicide Risk in Borderline Personality Disorder: a Machine Learning Tool based on Clinical and MRI Data
Authors: Crema Claudio , Boccali Alberto , Martinelli Alessandra , De Francesco Silvia , Meloni Serena , Baronio Cesare M. , Pedrini Laura , Lanfredi Mariangela , Archetti Damiano , Redolfi Alberto , Rossi Roberta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex mental condition. Individuals with BPD have an average of three lifetime suicide attempts, and 10% of them die by suicide. Understanding risk factors linked to suicidal behaviors is crucial for effective intervention strategies. In recent years, machine learning (ML) approaches for predicting suicide risk in persons with mental disorders have been developed, but a reliable, BPD-specific tool is lacking. In this work, we developed DRAMA-BPD (Detecting Risk factors for suicide Attempts with Machine learning Approaches in Borderline Personality Disorder), a second-opinion tool to assess suicide risk in individuals with BPD. DRAMA-BPD, built upon a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, is trained on the CLIMAMITHE (CLM) dataset, which encompasses sociodemographic, clinical, emotional assessments, and MRI data. Feature selection revealed that 6 out of the 7 most important features are MRI-derived, and a comprehensive review was conducted to ensure consistency with existing scientific literature. The classifier achieved an overall Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.73, Precision (P) of 0.75, Recall (R) of 0.70, and F1-score of 0.72. Tests were conducted on the independent SUDMEX_CONN dataset, yielding an AUC of 0.59, P of 0.46, R of 0.92, and F1 of 0.62. While there is a significant imbalance between Precision and Recall, these results demonstrate the potential utility of the proposed model.