bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of Farmed Wetlands Increases use by Migrating Shorebirds and Ducks
Authors: Toy Dustin L. , Anteau Michael J. , Pearse Aaron T. , DeKeyser Edward S. , Roberts David C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Drift Prairie, in central North America, has been largely converted from grasslands to croplands, but still contains thousands of wetlands used by shorebirds and waterfowl during breeding and migration periods. Consequently, many of the remaining wetlands are situated within cropland where disturbance regimes (i.e., fire, grazing, and water-level dynamics), which occurred naturally prior to agricultural development, have been highly altered by landscape fragmentation from agriculture practices. Currently, smaller wetlands within crop fields are subject to disturbances stemming from agricultural practices (i.e., manipulations), such as burning, disking, harvesting, and mowing. We evaluated vegetation structure of idled (i.e., not recently manipulated by farming practices) and manipulated agricultural wetlands to investigate whether management method or resulting vegetation structure had greater influence on occurrence probabilities and densities of dabbling ducks and shorebirds during spring. All manipulation methods reduced vegetation heights compared to idled wetlands and most manipulations reduced the proportion of vegetation cover in inundated areas. Wetland manipulations generally increased shorebird occurrence compared to idled wetlands, whereas vegetation variables better explained duck occurrence probabilities. Duck occurrence peaked in wetlands with lower vegetation coverage (32%), and duck densities decreased as vegetation coverage increased beyond 10%. While more studies are needed to understand underlying mechanisms driving these outcomes, our results indicate that including periodic disturbances that reduce dense vegetation within wetlands in agricultural fields would increase their use by migrating and breeding shorebirds and dabbling ducks.
Comparing methods for creating a national random sample of twitter users
Authors: Alizadeh Meysam , Zare Darya , Samei Zeynab , Alizadeh Mohammadamin , Kubli Mael , Aliahmadi Mohammadhadi , Ebrahimi Sarvenaz , Gilardi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Twitter data has been widely used by researchers across various social and computer science disciplines. A common aim when working with Twitter data is the construction of a random sample of users from a given country. However, while several methods have been proposed in the literature, their comparative performance is mostly unexplored. In this paper, we implement four common methods to create a random sample of Twitter users in the US: 1% Stream, Bounding Box, Location Query, and Language Query. Then, we compare these methods according to their tweet- and user-level metrics as well as their accuracy in estimating the US population. Our results show that users collected by the 1% Stream method tend to have more tweets, tweets per day, followers, and friends, a fewer number of likes, are younger accounts, and include more male users compared to the other three methods. Moreover, it achieves the minimum error in estimating the US population. However, the 1% Stream method is time-consuming, cannot be used for the past time frames, and is not suitable when user engagement is part of the study. In situation where these three drawbacks are important, our results support the Bounding Box method as the second-best method.
Identification of genes involved in the tomato root response to Globodera rostochiensis parasitism under varied light conditions
Authors: Matuszkiewicz Mateusz , Święcicka Magdalena , Koter Marek D. , Filipecki Marcin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding the intricate interplay between abiotic and biotic stresses is crucial for deciphering plant responses and developing resilient cultivars. Here, we investigate the combined effects of elevated light intensity and nematode infection on tomato seedlings. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed significant enhancements in PSII quantum yield and photochemical fluorescence quenching under high light conditions. qRT-PCR analysis of stress-related marker genes exhibited differential expression patterns in leaves and roots, indicating robust defense and antioxidant responses. Despite root protection from light, roots showed significant molecular changes, including downregulation of genes associated with oxidative stress and upregulation of genes involved in signaling pathways. Transcriptome analysis uncovered extensive gene expression alterations, with light exerting a dominant influence. Notably, light and nematode response synergistically induced more differentially expressed genes than individual stimuli. Functional categorization of differentially expressed genes upon double stimuli highlighted enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and amino acid metabolism, whereas the importance of specific pathogenesis-related pathways decreased. Overall, our study elucidates complex plant responses to combined stresses, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches for developing stress-resilient crops in the face of changing environmental conditions.
Locus of control over global mine production– developments between 1985 and 2018 against a historical background
Authors: Ericsson Magnus , Löf Olof , Löf Anton 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that mine production has shifted from the industrialised countries of Europe, North America and Japan to emerging economies in Latin America, Africa and Asia and to Australia since the mid-20th century. The lack of self-sufficiency or high import dependence, in particular of the so-called critical metals, has become an issue of great political concern in these industrialised countries over the past 15 years. This study of six metals, cobalt, copper, iron ore, lithium, manganese and rare earths, contrasts this picture of geographical location of production with an analysis of where the control over mine production around the world is based, which we call the locus of control. Production might have moved out of the industrialised countries but control over production by companies based in the industrialised countries remains and has even increased between 1985 and 2018. We measure control as share of the total value of the production of the six metals. European transnational mining companies have increased their control from 14 to 18% while mining companies based in North America have lost control, a decline from 13 to 8%. When Australian companies, that have more than tripled their control in the same period, are added, control by the industrialised countries has increased to 44% of these six metals. Companies based in Latin America, Africa and Asia excluding China, taken together have maintained their control level, roughly a third of the total value of the six metals. Inside this group of countries African share has dwindled from 12 to 3% while Asian companies have more than doubled their share from 5 to 12%. Control by mining companies based in the republics of the former Soviet Union have been reduced from 25 to 7% while in the same period Chinese companies’ control has doubled from 6 to 12% of the total value of these six metals. Countries in Asia (excluding China) together with Latin American and African countries produce 51% of these six metals measured by the value at the mine stage. However, companies based in these countries control not more than 33% of the production.
How do school experiences in adolescence affect educational investment in adulthood? The case of parental investment in private tutoring in Germany
Authors: Entrich Steve R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article examines the role of parents’ school experiences in adolescence on their educational investment strategies for their own children in middle adulthood. We focus our analysis on the parents’ decision to organize private tutoring (also called shadow education) for their children. Previous international research largely agrees that families with a high socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to invest in tutoring to achieve competitive advantages in the educational race for higher credentials and maintain a high social status. In Germany, however, recent studies suggest that tutoring in Germany primarily serves underperforming children from les educated families to acquire relatively higher school degrees by compensating the higher demands of academic school tracks. We propose a theoretical decision model based on rational choice and life course theory incorporating psychological factors related to school performance of the parents (such as performance anxiety and ability self-concept) and operationalize four components that are intended to explain the (un)equal use of tutoring: (1) children’s school background, (2) parents’ cost and (3) benefit considerations, as well as (4) parents’ school biography. In addition, we hypothesize on the intergenerational transmission of performance-related factors from parents to their children and how this affects SE investment. We test our hypotheses quantitatively through logit regressions and a structural equation model using unique longitudinal data for 558 families (parents and their children) from the German “LifE” study (1979–2012). Our study produced two key findings: On the one hand, the parents’ previous school performance plays a direct role in the extent to which they themselves are able to provide their children with the necessary support in the event of poor performance. On the other hand, the performance-related experiences of the parents during school are to a certain extent transmitted to their children and thus influence their grades, ability self-concept and performance anxiety. These factors, in turn, are decisive for the decision to organize SE. Our findings indicate that instead of reducing the decision-making process for SE to absolute dimensions of student performance and parents’ SES and related cost-benefit calculations, dynamic factors behind this family decision related to intergenerational transmission and individual characteristics should be considered.
Unveiling the persistence of meteorological drought in Iraq: a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Hatem Israa , Alwan Imzahim A. , Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDroughts, stemming from prolonged periods of scarce precipitation, lead to significant economic and societal consequences. Iraq has recurrently experienced the impact of severe droughts. This study assessed meteorological drought over Iraq, employing the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) on 12-month time scales from 2000 to 2022. The SPI values were calculated for 27 meteorological stations over Iraq based on the monthly datasets. The analysis of the SPI highlighted that the years 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2018, and 2022 stood out as the driest in Iraq from 2000 to 2022. Notably, 2022 emerged as a particularly severe drought year, with the Ramadi weather station recording the maximum SPI value at -3.48. Different time scales in the analysis provided a more precise depiction of drought severity and frequency in Iraq. Namely, the findings resulting from this study offer a nuanced understanding of the magnitude, intensity, frequency, and duration of drought events in Iraq. This nuanced approach equips stakeholders with valuable insights for implementing more cost-effective mitigation and adaptation measures. This study contributes crucial information for understanding and addressing droughts challenges in Iraq. The comprehensive analysis aids in formulating targeted strategies to alleviate the impact of droughts on people and ecosystems.
Mapping the composite nature of clay matrix in mudstones: integrated micromechanics profiling by high-throughput nanoindentation and data analysis
Authors: Shi Xiangyun , Misch David , Zak Stanislav , Cordill Megan , Kiener Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMudstones and shales serve as natural barrier rocks in various geoenergy applications. Although many studies have investigated their mechanical properties, characterizing these parameters at the microscale remains challenging due to their fine-grained nature and susceptibility to microstructural damage introduced during sample preparation. This study aims to investigate the micromechanical properties of clay matrix composite in mudstones by combining high-speed nanoindentation mapping and machine learning data analysis. The nanoindentation approach effectively captured the heterogeneity in high-resolution mechanical property maps. Utilizing machine learning-based k-means clustering, the mechanical characteristics of matrix clay, brittle minerals, as well as measurements on grain boundaries and structural discontinuities (e.g., cracks) were successfully distinguished. The classification results were validated through correlation with broad ion beam-scanning electron microscopy images. The resulting average reduced elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (H) values for the clay matrix were determined to be 16.2 ± 6.2 and 0.5 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively, showing consistency across different test settings and indenter tips. Furthermore, the sensitivity of indentation measurements to various factors was investigated, revealing limited sensitivity to indentation depth and tip geometry (when comparing Cube corner and Berkovich tip in a small range of indentation depth variations), but decreased stability at lower loading rates. Box counting and bootstrapping methods were applied to assess the representativeness of parameters determined for the clay matrix. A relatively small dataset (indentation number = 60) is needed to achieve representativeness, while the main challenges is to cover a representative mapping area for clay matrix characterization. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of high-speed nanoindentation mapping combined with data analysis for micromechanical characterization of the clay matrix in mudstones, paving the way for efficient analysis of similar fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
The Association Between Vitamin D and Executive Functions in Healthy Young- and Middle-Aged Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Redlich Dennis , Schommer Leonard , Krüger Karsten , Raab Markus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeak performances in different life domains are often achieved by healthy young- or middle-aged adults and are partly based on their executive functions. The extensive literature on older or non-healthy populations suggests an adequate availability of vitamin D as essential for good executive functioning. However, for healthy young- or middle-aged populations, the association between vitamin D levels and executive functions is not well understood. To test whether previous findings generalize to healthy young- or middle-aged participants, we conducted a scoping review to systematically map the existing literature on the association between vitamin D levels and executive functions. Literature searches of three databases were performed identifying seven studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate mixed findings for the relationship between vitamin D and the three core executive functions cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and working memory. Thus, this scoping review indicates a rather unsystematic impact of varying vitamin D levels or supplements on executive functions among healthy young- or middle-aged populations and we argue for more systematic investigations in the future.
Anticorrosive and Superhydrophobic Surface on Ti–6Al–4V Through One-Step Anodic Etching
Authors: Weng Zhankun , Niu Haobo , Wang Rui , Zhong Huazhen , Wang Shenzhi , Liu Ri , Zhu Xiaona , Wang Bowei , Li Tao , Wang Wei , Xu Hongmei , Wang Zuobin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, an anticorrosive and hydrophobic surface for Ti–6Al–4V was prepared through one-step anodic etching. The results showed that wettability was adjusted by current density and etching time. In particular, the maximum water contact angle (WCA) reached ~ 160.9° at a current density of 0.25 A cm−2 for 420 s. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the existence of spontaneous surface passivation, which was also verified by Tafel curves. In addition, Ecorr and icorr exhibited good anticorrosion properties on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V after anodic etching. Furthermore, the change in surface adhesion was consistent with the change in the WCA after anodic etching. In conclusion, the one-step anodic etching can provide a convenient way to realize anticorrosion and superhydrophobic Ti–6Al–4V surface.
Diversity, stand and population structure of riparian woody species in two contrasting land use types in the distal Okavango Delta, Northwestern Botswana
Authors: Tsheboeng Gaolathe , Teketay Demel , Murray-Hudson Mike , Kashe Keotshephile , Mmusi Mmusi , Madome Joseph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLand use change threatens the integrity of riparian woodland vegetation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and population structure of riparian plant species in protected and communal areas. A total of 71 transects were sampled from each of the protected and communal areas. Total species richness recorded was 36 and 38 in communal and protected areas, respectively. Species diversity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the protected than communal areas. Vachellia tortilis (communal areas) and Croton megalobotrys (both areas) showed a reverse J shaped pattern with more individuals in the lower diameter size classes than in the large ones. Dichrostachys cinerea (both areas), Ziziphus mucronata (communal areas), Combretum imberbe (protected areas), C. hereroense (protected areas), Berchemia discolor (protected areas) and Vachellia erioloba (communal areas) showed a reverse-J distribution pattern, but with missing size classes. Philenoptera violacea (protected areas) was characterized by a bell-shaped distribution with more individuals in the middle size classes than in the lower and upper ones while Combretum hereroense, C. imberbe and B. discolor were characterized by irregular population structure in communal areas. Croton megalobotrys, D. cinerea, C. imberbe, C. hereroense, Z. mucronata, B. discolor and S. erubescens had higher Important Value Indices (IVIs) in protected than communal areas. Comparatively, Vachellia tortilis, P. violacea and V. erioloba had higher IVIs in communal than protected areas. We recommended that species with J-shaped population structure and those with only one size class be protected to enable them to attain healthy population structures.
Don Quixote and the Green Army: Lessons from Australian Environmental Workfare
Authors: Cooper Jai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAustralia’s unique history of national environmental youth workfare programs over three decades offers insight into youth work responses to climate change. Drawing upon Bourdieu’s use of ‘hysteresis’ and the ‘Don Quixote Effect’, this paper presents three key findings from research conducted in the wake of the most recent incarnation of these programs, the Australian Government’s Green Army. As the final Green Army projects were being delivered, interviews and focus groups were independently conducted with former team members and supervisors who had exited the program and its predecessors. The Green Army was presented for political purposes as action against climate change despite no specific climate mitigation outcomes being identified. Supervisors, predominantly trained in the environmental sciences, given charge of teams of young workers, reported the double binds from the competing fields of ecological work and social work. Team members, faced with resistance to their efforts, reconciled their situation with a ‘double language of disinterest’. The analysis of their accounts illuminates potential challenges facing the future for young people and for youth work.
Significance of millets for food and nutritional security—an overview
Authors: Sanjay Kumar Thillaigovindan , Nageswari Raman , Somasundaram Selvaraj , Anantharaju Pokkaru , Baskar Murugaiyan , Ramesh Thanakkan , Rathika Selvaraj , Vanniarajan Chockalingam , Subrahmaniyan Kasirajan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMillets are an important traditional food known for their dietary diversity. They play a key role in ensuring human health and well-being. Millets, which are small-seeded grains cultivated widely in various areas of the world, have emerged as significant contributors to this paradigm shift. They are nutrition powerhouses, that boast raised levels of dietary fibre, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Since they are gluten free, those with celiac disease may utilize them and serve as alternatives to wheat products. The promotion of these grains as a staple food holds significant promise for facing the global challenges of malnutrition, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. Moreover, millets contain bio-active compounds like flavonoids, lignin, phenolic acids reduce inflammation and serve as antioxidants. Millets have positive health benefits related to blood sugar, cardiovascular disease and obesity, and the gastrointestine. This article provides an overview of the functional role of millets as promising food for human health.
Tribute to Michel E. Safar (1937–2024): A Groundbreaker in the Concept of Hypertension
Authors: Lacolley Patrick , Struijker-Boudier Harry , Regnault Veronique , Barbier Moyra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The authors present a short review of the personality, clinical and scientific contributions of a distinguished member of our Academy, the Artery Society and so many others, where he contributed landmark advances in many fields of arterial function and cardiovascular risk. The Editorial Board of the Artery Research Journal and the Executive Committee of the Artery Society present their due respects to Prof. Michel Safar.
“Vivre en paix et en bonne intelligence avec les princes locaux” in Senegambia in the Age of Slave Economy: Diplomatic Treaties, Trade, Conflicts, and Peace in Interaction (1679–1815)
Authors: Sene Cheikh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The violent and competitive context in which trade relations between the states of Senegambia and Europeans evolved required moments of calm and stability, which were decisive and important factors in the cohabitation of trade actors. Diplomacy was a fundamental political lever for European trade in Senegambia. It had become a major stake in the daily lives of the actors. Diplomacy was generally reserved for field actors from different political cultures and with different political and economic ambitions. Diplomacy took the form of negotiations, and took the form of simple agreements of principle, notably in the context of palavers, or the conclusion of trade and peace treaties. The aim of diplomacy, for example, was to establish strong, peaceful commercial relations between trade players and to regularize the tax system, which was the fundamental basis of trade and the expression of the sovereignty of local chiefs towards the Europeans.