bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Vem pra rua”: o político e a política em rede
Authors: Pereira Benedito Fernando 
Published: May 2015

RESUMO:Considerando o político como a divisão social dos sentidos, este artigo procura verificar como se dá o processo de significação em uma sociedade cada vez mais interpelada pelo discurso eletrônico e os modos como o político e a política se veem afetados por ele. Para tanto, fazemos a análise discursiva dos enunciados “vem pra rua” e “somos a rede social”, que estiveram presentes em faixas e cartazes nos protestos de rua no Brasil em 2013, os quais foram organizados e transmitidos, em grande parte, pelo meio virtual. Observou-se que tais enunciados passam por um processo de apropriação e de ressignificação, com deslocamentos de sentidos que partem da lógica de mercado, vão para o social e retornam ao mercado. Observou-se também como o meio urbano se vê afetado pelo discurso eletrônico que passa a constituir os modos como ele produz sentidos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: redes sociais e o político; discurso eletrônico; ciberdemocracia e capitalismo. ABSTRACT:Considering the political and the social division of senses, this paper seeks to check how is the process of signification in a society increasingly challenged by electronic discourse and the ways in which political and policy find themselves affected by it. In order do that, we make the analysis of discursive statements “vem pra rua” and “somos a rede social” that were present in banners and posters in street protests in Brazil in 2013, which were organized and delivered, in large part, by virtual means. We observed that such utterances go through a process of appropriation and re-signification, with shifting meanings that run of market logic, go to the social politics and go back to the market logic. We had also observed how the urban environment is affected by the electronic discourse that now constitutes the ways it makes sense.KEYWORDS: social websites and politcs; electronic discourse; cyberdemocracy and capitalism.
O ensino de língua espanhola mediado pelas novas tecnologias: da sala de aula ao Facebook
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Elaine 
Published: May 2015

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar as possibilidades que as novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação digitais, auxiliadas pela Web 2.0, oferecem ao ensino e aprendizagem de Língua Espanhola tanto dentro como fora da sala de aula. Utilizou-se a rede social Facebook, por ter grande número de usuários que nela passam significativa parte de seu tempo navegando, seja conversando com amigos, seja publicando seus comentários, seja curtindo fotos, páginas, participando de grupos e/ou comunidades. Essa rede social virtual também permite que o professor encontre ferramentas que o ajudarão na tarefa de ensinar, ao mesmo tempo em que permite ao aluno desenvolver autonomia para (re)aprender a pensar. Demonstra-se que o Facebook apresenta características da EaD e, portanto, pode ser considerado um instrumento adicional disponível para essa modalidade de ensino.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de Língua Espanhola; TIC; Web 2.0; Facebook; EaD. ABSTRACT: This article aims to describe the possibilities provided by the use of new digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), aided by Web 2.0, on Spanish teaching both inside and outside classroom. We analyzed the social network Facebook because it has a large number of users who spend a significant amount of time on the site chatting with friends, posting comments, liking photos and profiles and participating in groups. This social network also provides teaching tools that will help students to develop their autonomy to (re) learn how to think. It is shown that Facebook presents EaD characteristics and therefore can be considered an additional tool on language teaching and education.KEYWORDS: Spanish Language Teaching; ICT; Web 2.0; Facebook; Distance Education.
Thermal Stability of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/POSS Nanocomposites
Authors: De Nardi Martins Johnny , Bof de Oliveira Ricardo Vinícius 
Published: May 2015

In this work PVDF/POSS nanocomposites with different compositions were obtained through melt blending. Their thermal stability was investigated by Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (SDT) (Combined Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). This apparatus was coupled with an Infra-Red Spectrometer. The POSS content did not significantly affect the melting temperature and enthalpy. The degradation enthalpy was affected, being required more energy for the degradation process. This showed that POSS incorporation influenced the PVDF degradation process. The neat PVDF and the nanocomposite with 1% POSS content showed characteristics absorbance bands during the degradation process. However, in the nanocomposite with 5% POSS content these bands showed different intensities which shows that POSS influences the PVDF degradation mechanism. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v1iss1p1
Environmental waste management in a School Hospital and in a Laboratory of Human Anatomy of a University
Authors: Manfredini Kira Lusa , Do Nascimento filho Irajá , Schneider Vania Elisabete 
Published: May 2015

The scientific and professional activities developed in a Hospital School and a Laboratory of Human Anatomy of a university can generate parallel, chemical residues from various degrees of dangerousness, which may require physical treatment and / or suitable chemical, before being sent to final destination. The General Hospital (GH) generates monthly 10 L of xylenes and 50 L of glutaraldehyde to provide ass instance to their patients. Already the Laboratory of Human Anatomy of University de Caxias do Sul (AL-UCS) uses more than 10,000 liters for preserving corpses in tanks. The present study aims to analyze the chemical waste management of the GH and the AL-UCS and propose techniques for recovery and reuse of chemicals formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and xylenes, minimizing the impacts generated by the use, often indispensable and sometimes questionable, of such waste. So far two sets of samples were collected (in March and April 2013) of xylene, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde in the GH and also at the AL-UCS and it is intended to repeat the collections with monthly periodicity, in the next two semesters. Partial results show that, comparing the relationship of area and the medium areas of the chromatographic (in µV. s) of patterns with compounds of interest, an increase in the percentage of formaldehyde relative to the samples in standard formalin (121.84%) may be due to contamination with organic compounds with a retention time close to the compound of interest, the xylene was little degradation in the samples, indicating that this compound can be reused in the common procedures of healthcare institutions, with respect to glutaraldehyde significant degradation was observed for the compound in samples represents only 61.88% of the chromatographic peak area of the standard, therefore the reuse of these compounds may require the use of purification methods such as simple distillation and fractional distillation. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v1iss1p19
Pressure-induced Phase Transitions in Defect Pyrochlores
Authors: Perottoni Cláudio A. , Da Jornada João J. A. H. 
Published: May 2015

In this paper the influence of pressure and temperature on four compounds with defect pyrochlore structure (NH4NbWO6, RbNbWO6, CsNbWO6, and p-WO3) is explored by means of X-ray diffraction, vibrational (Raman and infrared absorption) spectroscopy and computer simulations. Several structural transitions were observed, including an unusual insertion reaction with volume increase at high pressures. This latter transition is further explored to reveal the influence on the transition pressure of the nature and ionic radius of the cation residing inside the cages formed by the pyrochlore framework. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v1iss1p24
Analysis of Mental Processes Represented in Models of Artificial Consciousness
Authors: Da Costa Luana Folchini , Da Silva Daniel Müller , De Oliveira Lucas Furstenau , Costa Guilherme Holsbach 
Published: May 2015

The Arti?cial Consciousness concept has been used in the engineering area as being an evolution of the Arti?cial Intelligence. However, consciousness is a complex subject and often used without formalism. As a main contribution, in this work one proposes an analysis of four recent models of arti?cial consciousness published in the engineering area. The mental processes represented by these models are highlighted and correlations with the theoretical perspective of cognitive psychology are made. Finally,considerations about consciousness in such models are discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v1iss1p50
Analysis of EEG Sleep Spindle Parameters from Apnea Patients Using Massive Computing and Decision Tree
Authors: Gerhardt Gunther J. L. , Lemke Ney , Carvalho Diego Z. , De Santa-Helena Emerson L. , Schönwald Suzana V. , Dellagustin Guilherme , Rybarczyk Filho José L. 
Published: May 2015

In this study, Matching Pursuit (MP) procedure is applied to the detection and analysis of EEG sleep spindles in patients evaluated for suspected OSAS. Elements having the frequency of EEG sleep spindles are selected from different dictionary sizes, with and without a frequency modulation function (chirp) for signal description. This procedure was done with high computational cost in order to find best parameters for real EEG data description. At the end we used the atom parameters as input for a decision tree-based classifier, making possible to obtain a classification according to apnea-hypopnea index group and allowing to see how atom parameters such as frequency and amplitude are affected by the presence of sleep apnea. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v2iss1p15
Falls and peripheral nerve injuries: an age-dependent relationship
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Missios Symeon , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Despite the growing epidemic of falls, the true incidence of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) in this patient population remains largely unknown.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 839,210 fall-injured patients who were registered in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) between 2009 and 2011 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Regression techniques were used to investigate the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the rate of PNIs in this patient population. The association of age with the incidence of PNIs was also investigated.

RESULTS
Overall, 3151 fall-injured patients (mean age 39.1 years, 33.3% females) sustained a PNI (0.4% of all falls). The respective incidence of PNIs was 2.7 per 1000 patients for ground-level falls, 4.9 per 1000 patients for multilevel falls, and 4.5 per 1000 patients for falls involving force. This demonstrated a rapid increase in the first 2 decades of life, with a maximum rate of 1.1% of all falls in the 3rd decade, followed by a slower decline and eventual plateau in the 7th decade. In a multivariable analysis, the association of PNIs with age followed a similar pattern with patients 20–29 years of age, demonstrating the highest association (OR 2.34 [95% CI 2.0–2.74] in comparison with the first decade of life). Falls involving force (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.14–1.37] in comparison with multilevel falls) were associated with a higher incidence of PNIs. On the contrary, female sex (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.80–0.84]) and ground-level falls (OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72–0.86]) were associated with a lower rate of PNIs.

CONCLUSIONS
Utilizing a comprehensive national database, the authors demonstrated that PNIs are more common than previously described in fall-injured patients and identified their age distribution. These injuries are associated with young adults and falls of high kinetic energy.
Mapping occipital bone thickness using computed tomography for safe screw placement
Authors: Morita Tomonori , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Takashima Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Ida Kazunori , Tanimoto Katsumasa , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Nagae Masateru , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Safe and effective insertion of occipital bone screws requires morphological analysis of the occipital bone, which is poorly documented in the literature. The authors of this study present morphological data for determining the area of screw placement for optimal internal fixation.

METHODS
The subjects of this institutional review board-approved retrospective study were 105 individuals without head and neck disease who underwent CT imaging at the authors’ hospital. There were 55 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 57.1 years (range 20–91 years). Measurements using CT were taken according to a matrix of 55 points following a grid with 1-cm spacing based on the external occipital protuberance (EOP).

RESULTS
The maximum thickness of the occipital bone was at the level of the EOP at 16.4 mm. Areas with thicknesses > 8 mm were more frequent at the EOP and up to 2 cm in all directions, as well as up to 1 cm in all directions at a height of 1 cm inferiorly, and up to 3 cm from the EOP inferiorly. The male group tended to have a thicker occipital bone than the female group, and the differences were significant around the EOP. The ratio of the trabecular bone to the occipital bone thickness was > 30% in the central region. At positions more than 2 cm laterally, the ratio was < 15%, and the ratio gradually decreased further laterally.

CONCLUSIONS
Screws that are 8 mm long can be placed in the area extending 2 cm laterally from the EOP at the level of the superior nuchal line and approximately 3 cm inferior to the center. These results suggest that it may be possible to effectively insert a screw over a wider area than the conventional reference range.
Thoracic range of motion, stability, and correlation to imaging-determined degeneration
Authors: Healy Andrew T. , Mageswaran Prasath , Lubelski Daniel , Rosenbaum Benjamin P. , Matheus Virgilio , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
The degenerative process of the spinal column results in instability followed by a progressive loss of segmental motion. Segmental degeneration is associated with intervertebral disc and facet changes, which can be quantified. Correlating this degeneration with clinical segmental motion has not been investigated in the thoracic spine. The authors sought to determine if imaging-determined degeneration would correlate with native range of motion (ROM) or the change in ROM after decompressive procedures, potentially guiding clinical decision making in the setting of spine trauma or following decompressive procedures in the thoracic spine.

METHODS
Multidirectional flexibility tests with image analysis were performed on thoracic cadaveric spines with intact ib cage. Specimens consisted of 19 fresh frozen human cadaveric spines, spanning C-7 to L-1. ROM was obtained for each specimen in axial rotation (AR), flexion-extension (FE), and lateral bending (LB) in the intact state and following laminectomy, unilateral facetectomy, and unilateral costotransversectomy performed at either T4–5 (in 9 specimens) or T8–9 (in 10 specimens). Image grading of segmental degeneration was performed utilizing 3D CT reconstructions. Imaging scores were obtained for disc space degeneration, which quantified osteophytes, narrowing, and endplate sclerosis, all contributing to the Lane disc summary score. Facet degeneration was quantified using the Weishaupt facet summary score, which included the scoring of facet osteophytes, narrowing, hypertrophy, subchondral erosions, and cysts.

RESULTS
The native ROM of specimens from T-1 to T-12 (n = 19) negatively correlated with age in AR (Pearson’s r coefficient = -0.42, p = 0.070) and FE (r = -0.42, p = 0.076). When regional ROM (across 4 adjacent segments) was considered, the presence of disc osteophytes negatively correlated with FE (r = −0.69, p = 0.012), LB (r = −0.82, p = 0.001), and disc narrowing trended toward significance in AR (r = −0.49, p = 0.107). Facet characteristics, scored using multiple variables, showed minimal correlation to native ROM (r range from −0.45 to +0.19); however, facet degeneration scores at the surgical level revealed strong negative correlations with regional thoracic stability following decompressive procedures in AR and LB (Weishaupt facet summary score: r = −0.52 and r = −0.71; p = 0.084 and p = 0.010, respectively). Disc degeneration was not correlated (Lane disc summary score: r = −0.06, p = 0.861).

CONCLUSIONS
Advanced age was the most important determinant of decreasing native thoracic ROM, whereas imaging characteristics (T1–12) did not correlate with the native ROM of thoracic specimens with intact rib cages. Advanced facet degeneration at the surgical level did correlate to specimen stability following decompressive procedures, and is likely indicative of the terminal stages of segmental degeneration.
Circulating Angiogenic Factors and the Risk of Preeclampsia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancies
Authors: Leaños-Miranda Alfredo , Campos-Galicia Inova , Berumen-Lechuga María Guadalupe , Molina-Pérez Carlos José , García-Paleta Yolanda , Isordia-Salas Irma , Ramírez-Valenzuela Karla Leticia 
Published: May 2015

Objective.To investigate whether angiogenic factors are associated with risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.We performed a nested case–control study within a cohort of SLE women with singleton pregnancies. The study included 42 patients with SLE who eventually developed preeclampsia and 75 normal SLE pregnancies. Serum samples were collected at 4-week intervals (from weeks 12 to 36). Serum samples were analyzed for soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble endoglin (sEng).Results.Women destined to develop preeclampsia had lower PlGF levels and higher sFlt-1 and sEng levels, and a higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio than normal pregnancies. These changes became significant at 12 weeks in patients destined to develop either early onset (< 34 weeks, p ≤ 0.003) or late-onset preeclampsia (≥ 34 weeks, p ≤ 0.02). The risk to develop preeclampsia was higher among patients with PlGF concentration values in the lowest quartile or with sFlt-1 and sEng levels, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, in the highest quartile of the normal SLE pregnancies distribution. The OR were higher and appeared earlier in patients destined to develop early onset preeclampsia (OR ≥ 16.2, from Week 12 onward) than in patients who presented preeclampsia later (OR ≥ 8.9, from Week 24 onward).Conclusion.Changes in circulating concentrations of sFlt-1, PlGF, sEng, and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio precede the onset of preeclampsia in SLE pregnancies. The risk profile of circulating angiogenic factors for developing preeclampsia distinctly evolves depending on whether this condition is manifested earlier or later.
The Biology and Disease Relevance of CD300a, an Inhibitory Receptor for Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylethanolamine
Authors: Zenarruzabeitia Olatz , Vitallé Joana , Eguizabal Cristina , Simhadri Venkateswara R. , Borrego Francisco 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The CD300a inhibitory receptor belongs to the CD300 family of cell surface molecules that regulate a diverse array of immune cell processes. The inhibitory signal of CD300a depends on the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues embedded in ITIMs of the cytoplasmic tail. CD300a is broadly expressed on myeloid and lymphoid cells, and its expression is differentially regulated depending on the cell type. The finding that CD300a recognizes phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids exposed on the outer leaflet of dead and activated cells, has shed new light on its role in the modulation of immune functions and in its participation in the host response to several diseases states, such as infectious diseases, cancer, allergy, and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the literature on CD300a expression, regulation, signaling pathways, and ligand interaction, as well as its role in fine tuning immune cell functions and its clinical relevance.
Proximal Rectus Femoris Avulsion: Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Nonoperative Management
Authors: Esser Stephan , Jantz David , Hurdle Mark F. , Taylor Walter 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo present a case of ultrasonic diagnosis and nonoperative management of a complete proximal rectus femoris avulsion in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 soccer goalkeeper.BackgroundWhile delivering a goal kick, a previously uninjured 24-year-old collegiate soccer goalkeeper had the sudden onset of right anterior thigh pain. He underwent rehabilitation with rapid resolution of his presenting pain but frequent intermittent recurrence of anterior thigh pain. After he was provided a definitive diagnosis with musculoskeletal ultrasound, he underwent an extended period of rehabilitation and eventually experienced complete recovery without recurrence.Differential DiagnosisRectus femoris avulsion, rectus femoris strain or partial tear, inguinal hernia, or acetabular labral tear.TreatmentOperative and nonoperative options were discussed. In view of the player's recovery, nonoperative options were pursued with a good result.UniquenessComplete proximal rectus femoris avulsions are rare. Our case contributes to the debate on whether elite-level kicking and running athletes can return to full on-field performance without surgery.ConclusionsComplete proximal rectus femoris avulsions can be treated effectively using nonoperative measures with good preservation of function even in the elite-level athlete. In addition, musculoskeletal ultrasound is an excellent tool for on-site evaluation and may help guide prognosis and management.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Anayannis Nicole V. J. , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Belbin Thomas J. 
Published: May 2015

Context
Growing evidence suggests that as many as half of all oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) harbor human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Despite being more advanced at diagnosis, HPV-positive OPSCCs are associated with a better response to therapy and longer patient survival than HPV-negative OPSCCs. Human papillomavirus–positive OPSCC has also been shown to have distinct host gene expression profiles compared with HPV-negative OPSCC. Recently, this distinction has been shown to include the epigenome. It is well supported that cancers are epigenetically deregulated. This review highlights epigenetic differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCCs. The epigenetic mechanisms highlighted include methylation changes to host and viral DNA, and host chromatin modification. We also review the current evidence regarding host DNA methylation changes associated with smoking, and deregulation of microRNA expression in HPV-positive OPSCC.

Objective
To provide an overview of epigenetic mechanisms reported in HPV-positive OPSCC, with analogies to cervical cancer, and discussion of the challenges involved in studying epigenetic changes in HPV-associated OPSCC in combination with changes associated with smoking.

Data Sources
Sources were a literature review of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed on HPV and either OPSCC or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and related epigenetic mechanisms.

Conclusions
Epigenetic changes are reported to be a contributing factor to maintaining a malignant phenotype in HPV-positive OPSCC. The epigenetic mechanisms highlighted in this review can be studied for potential as biomarkers or as drug targets. Furthermore, continued research on the deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in HPV-positive OPSCC (compared with HPV-negative OPSCC) may contribute to our understanding of the clinical and biologic differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC.