bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia and burden of sulfonylurea-related hypoglycaemia in UK hospitals: a retrospective multicentre audit of hospitalised patients with diabetes
Authors: Rajendran Rajesh , Kerry Christopher , Rayman Gerry ,   on behalf of the MaGIC study group
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia exist in inpatients with diabetes ‘at risk’ of hypoglycaemia (those on insulin and/or sulfonylureas), and if so whether patterns differ between hospitals and between these treatments.SettingRetrospective multicentre audit of inpatients with diabetes involving 11 acute UK National Health Service (NHS) trusts.ParticipantsCapillary blood glucose readings of 3.9 mmol/L or less (hypoglycaemia) for all adult (≥18 years) inpatients with diabetes ‘at risk’ of hypoglycaemia were extracted from the Abbott PrecisionWeb Point-of-Care Data Management System over a 4-week period. Overall, 2521 readings of 3.9 mmol/L or less (hypoglycaemia) occurring in 866 participants between 1 June 2013 and 29 June 2013 were analysed.ResultsThe majority (65%) occurred between 21:00 and 08:59, a pattern common to all Trusts. This was more frequent in sulfonylurea-treated than insulin-treated participants (75.3% vs 59.3%, p=0.0001). Furthermore, hypoglycaemic readings were more frequent between 5:00 and 7:59 in sulfonylurea-treated than insulin-treated participants (46.7% vs 22.7% of readings for respective treatments, p=0.0001). Sulfonylureas accounted for 31.8% of all hypoglycaemic readings. As a group, sulfonylurea-treated participants were older (median age 78 vs 73 years, p=0.0001) and had lower glycated haemoglobin (median 56 (7.3%) vs 69 mmol/mol (8.5%), p=0.0001). Hypoglycaemic readings per participant were as frequent for sulfonylurea-treated participants as for insulin-treated participants (median=2 for both) as were the proportions in each group with ≥5 hypoglycaemic readings (17.3% vs 17.7%).ConclusionsIn all Trusts, hypoglycaemic readings were more frequent between 21:00 and 08:59 in ‘at risk’ inpatients with diabetes, with a greater frequency in the early morning period (5:00–7:59) in sulfonylurea-treated inpatients. This may have implications for the continuing use of sulfonylureas in the inpatient setting.
The costs of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure in Taiwan: a prevalence-based annual cost approach
Authors: Sung Hai-Yen , Chang Li-Chuan , Wen Yu-Wen , Tsai Yi-Wen 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the costs of the health effects of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure to society.DesignPrevalence-based, disease-specific cost-of-illness study. We used an epidemiological population-attributable risk method to determine the costs that can be attributed to smoking and SHS exposure.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsAll adult population aged 35 and older.Primary outcome measuresDirect costs of healthcare expenditures spent for treating tobacco-related diseases, indirect mortality costs measured by the value of lost productivity due to tobacco-related premature deaths and indirect morbidity costs measured by the value of time lost from work due to tobacco-related illness.ResultsIn 2010, direct costs of smoking and SHS exposure amounted to US$828 million, accounting for 3.4% of Taiwan's total personal healthcare expenditures. Smoking and SHS exposure also contributed to 15 555 premature deaths—corresponding to a loss of 284 765 years of life and US$820 million in productivity—and US$22 million in indirect morbidity costs. These direct and indirect costs totalled US$1670 million, representing 0.4% of Taiwan's gross domestic product and averaging about US$720/adult smoker. The share of the total costs was greater from active smoking (92%) than SHS exposure (8%), and greater for men (92%) than women (8%).ConclusionsSmoking and SHS exposure impose a huge financial loss in Taiwan. Sustained tobacco control efforts to encourage people to quit smoking, prevent smoking uptake by children and young adults and protect all people from SHS exposure are needed.
Some applications of the Mangiarotti–Modugno formula for tangent-valued forms
Authors: Kolář Ivan 
Published: July 2014

First, we present a classical approach to the general connections on arbitrary fibered manifolds. Then we compare this approach with the use of the Frölicher–Nijenhuis bracket by Mangiarotti and Modugno [Graded Lie algebras and connections on a fibered space, J. Math. Pures Appl. 63 (1984) 111–120]. Finally, we demonstrate that the latter viewpoint is very efficient in the theory of torsions of connections on Weil bundles.
Clinical Significance of EpCAM mRNA-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by an Optimized Negative Enrichment and qRT-PCR–Based Platform
Authors: Guo Wei , Yang Xin-Rong , Sun Yun-Fan , Shen Min-Na , Ma Xiao-Lu , Wu Jiong , Zhang Chun-Yan , Zhou Yan , Xu Yang , Hu Bo , Zhang Xin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to construct a novel platform for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate the clinical significance of epithelial cell adhesion molecule mRNA-positive (EpCAMmRNA+) CTCs using this platform.
Experimental Design: An optimized platform for CTC detection was constructed by evaluating different negative enrichment, mRNA isolation, and cDNA synthesis procedures and compared with the CellSearch system. A total of 299 patients with HCC were recruited into this prospective study; of these, 157 who received curative resection, 76 who received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and 66 who received radiotherapy were tested using our platform. The diagnostic value of EpCAMmRNA+ CTCs was investigated in 122 patients with HCC who underwent resection and 120 control subjects.
Results: The optimized negative enrichment and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based CTC detection platform had high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility and a low sample volume requirement. This platform showed a potential diagnostic value in patients with HCC and exhibited 76.7% consistency with the CellSearch system (r = 0.54, P &lt; 0.050). Pretreatment CTC level showed prognostic significance in patients with HCC treated with resection, TACE, and radiotherapy (all P &lt; 0.050). Most of the patients showed a decrease in CTC levels after treatment that reflected tumor response. In contrast, patients with an increased CTC level showed disease progression after treatment.
Conclusions: We established an optimized platform based on negative enrichment and qRT-PCR for highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible CTC detection. This platform might be clinically useful in auxiliary diagnosis, treatment response assessment, and early decision-making to tailor the most effective antitumor strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4794–805. ©2014 AACR.
MiR-143/145 deficiency attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice
Authors: Sala Federica , Aranda Juan , Rotllan Noemi , Ramírez Cristina , Aryal Binod , Elia Leonardo , Condorelli Gianluigi , Catapano Alberico Luigi , Fernández-Hernando Carlos , Norata Giuseppe Danilo 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe miR-143/145 cluster regulates VSMC specific gene expression, thus controlling differentiation, plasticity and contractile function, and promoting the VSMC phenotypic switch from a contractile/non-proliferative to a migrating/proliferative state. More recently increased miR-145 expression was observed in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques from symptomatic patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of miR-143/145 during atherogenesis by generating mice lacking miR-143/145 on an Ldlr-deficient background. Ldlr-/- and Ldlr-/--miR-143/145-/- (DKO) were fed a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the lipid profile and the atherosclerotic lesions were assessed in both groups of mice. Absence of miR-143/145 significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and macrophage infiltration. Plasma total cholesterol levels were lower in DKO and FLPC analysis showed decreased cholesterol content in VLDL and LDL fractions. Interestingly miR-143/145 deficiency per se resulted in increased hepatic and vascular ABCA1 expression. We further confirmed the direct regulation of miR-145 on ABCA1 expression by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and 3′UTR-luciferase reporter assays. In summary, miR-143/145 deficiency significantly reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-145 might be useful for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Existentialism in the Works of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Munīf
Authors: Elimelekh Geula 
Published: July 2014

This article examines existential themes in three of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Munīf’s novels: The Trees and the Murder of Marzūq, East of the Mediterranean and Here and Now or East of the Mediterranean Revisited.
The innovation of existentialist literature lies in the strength with which it describes alienation in the modern era, the meaninglessness of life and the pursuit of truth and absolute values. Munīf’s characters reflect the central themes of existentialist philosophy and literature. Like the protagonists of Sartre and Camus, they are aware of the absurdity of human existence and attempt to rebel against it, though often rebellion leads them to death and obscurity.
Munīf’s works, some of which belong to the unique Arabic prison literature sub-genre, highlight individuality and authenticity in his characters and portray other issues that preoccupy Western existentialist writers: anxiety and distress, fear of death, loneliness, alienation and moral decline. In Munīf’s literary world the existentialist fate is inevitable. However, most of his leading characters do not give up and do not succumb to fate, but fight against it in body and spirit. Across the spectrum of his writings, Munīf’s indomitable, yet highly human figures live and die lives committed to the existential ideals of freedom and authenticity, because they are aware that if they give up the struggle, all hope for a better future is lost.
Exploring the Corrosion Behavior of Polymer-based 3D Graphene–Nickel Foam Composites
Authors: Wang Qin-Ying , Zhao Yun-Hong , Wu Zhen-Kun , Bai Shu-Lin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We successfully fabricated three-dimensional graphene–nickel foam–polymer composites (GNPs) and then explored their microstructures and electrochemical responses when both graphene and nickel were exposed to a corrosive solution. It was found that the corrosion resistance of the GNPs decreases with increasing graphene thickness. This is considered to be caused by galvanic corrosion between the graphene and the nickel foam. The findings suggest that the intactness of the graphene film is very important when it is used as a protective barrier for long-term corrosion prevention.
Nanogold-signalized Lateral-flow Strip for Visual Detection of Lead Ion Based on Cleavage of Metal-ion-induced DNAzyme
Authors: Pei Xiaomei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A new membrane-based lateral-flow strip was designed for sensitive and rapid monitoring of lead ion (Pb2+) in environmental samples by using Pb2+-specific DNAzyme-functionalized gold nanoparticles as the signal-transduction tags.
Augmented State Approach in Quasi-Sliding-Mode Controlled PEBB-Based Power Converters
Authors: Carmeli Maria Stefania , Superti-Furga Gabrio 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A wide class of high power converters have modular structures as they are constituted of the connection of two-level modules, according to the power electronic building block (PEBB) concept. Moreover, the intrinsic variable structure nature of PEBBs makes sliding mode control an attractive solution. When complex configurations are considered the number of PEBBs can be different from the number of switching relations, and modularity concept is not still valid at control level. The present paper proposes and discusses a general and systematic approach which makes it possible to have a one-to-one correspondence between the number of PEBBs and the switching control laws. It makes it possible to preserve the modularity of PEBB allowing to have an embedded modulation strategy. In such a way, standard current-tracking algorithm can be applied at PEBB level. The approach is based on augmented state method and makes it possible to verify separately for each PEBB both sliding and reaching conditions. The proposed approach is verified and supported through simulation tests.
Causality, a Trialogue
Authors: Chambaz Antoine , Drouet Isabelle , Thalabard Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA philosopher, a medical doctor, and a statistician talk about causality. They discuss the relationships between causality, chance, and statistics, resorting to examples from medicine to develop their arguments. This debate gives rise to an original trialogue, a tribute to the famous conversation between d’Alembert and Diderot, two great French thinkers of the Enlightenment. The trialogue notably offers an introduction to the philosophy of causality and an initiation to statistics, including recent developments that should prove interesting to specialists and laypeople alike.
A Route to Chaos after Bifurcation in a Two-section Semiconductor Laser Using Opto-electronic Delayed Feedback at Each In-current
Authors: Yan Sen-lin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe study dynamics in an opto-electronic delayed feedback two-section semiconductor laser. We predict theoretically that the system can result in bistability and bifurcation. We analyze numerically the route to chaos from stability to bifurcation by varying the delayed time, feedback strength and two in-currents. The system displays the four distinct types or modes of stable, periodic pulsed or self-pulsing, undamped oscillating or beating, and chaos. The frequency and intensity varying with the delayed time in the self-pulsation regions are discussed detailedly to find that the pulsing frequency is reduced with the long delayed time while the pulsing intensity is added. And the chaotic pulsing frequency is increased with the large in-current
Prevalence of Emotional Disorders Among Students of University of Medical Sciences; Iran
Authors: Akbari Valiollah , Hajian Abbas , Damirchi Parisa 
Published: July 2014

Background:
No nation-wide data are available on mental disorders in medical students. Such information can be useful for having a proper approach to and intervention for our students' health condition.

Aim:
To determine the mental health status in all of the students who study in one medical university.

Methods:
After invitation of all 790 students, 688 accepted to take part in this cross sectional study. We used the 28-items of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to evaluate mental health status.

Results:
Over one third (37.8%) of our participants had mental disorders. There was no difference between genders. Emergency medicine students had the most prevalence of mental disorders (51.4%). The increase in the years of education was associated with that of the risk of involvement. Social dysfunction and depression were more prevalent than somatization and anxiety symptoms. Lower level of graduation was associated with higher depressive symptoms and medical students were at higher risk for social dysfunction.

Conclusion:
Prevalence rates among the students of the medical university are higher in comparison with the population and needs serial evaluation plans to screen and prevent mental disorders in this part of the population.
SEDMIN - Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet for calculating fine-grained sedimentary rock mineralogy from bulk geochemical analysis
Authors: Kackstaetter Uwe 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Normative mineralogical calculations from bulk geochemistry of sedimentary rocks are problematic because of variable depositional environments, particle hydraulics and sedimentary source systems. The development of SEDMIN, a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet solution, is a practical attempt for a computational routine focusing specifically on smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, illite and the ambiguous sericite within various pelitic sedimentary lithologies. While in essence a mathematical approach, the use of statistical evaluation of empirical lithogeochemical data combined with modal analytical procedures yields reasonable geochemical associations, more precise chemical phases and revised procedural allotment paradigms. Thus, an algorithm using TiO2 as a key to the normative calculation of kaolinite is proposed. Incorporating additional parameters, such as LOI (Loss-on-ignition) in conjunction with carbon, sulfur, carbonate and sulfate, provides that clay phases can be more accurately determined than from bulk oxides alone. Even when presented with atypical sample data, the spreadsheet solution is able to accurately predict predominant clay minerals. Besides some drawbacks, the likely benefit from SEDMIN is the incorporation of results in classification norms and diagrams indicative of sedimentary lithologies. The ”SEDMIN Sedimentary Mineral Calculator.xlsx” spreadsheet can be freely downloaded from http://earthscienceeducation.net/SEDMINSedimentaryMineralCalculator.xlsx.
The state of the environment in Mexico
Authors: Bollo Manent Manuel , Hernández Santana José , Méndez Linares Ana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The present work evaluates the state of the environment in Mexico based on indicators of the present status of the country’s natural resource management, social and economical conditions and anthropogenic modifications. The Mexican environment is interpreted as a spatially open system having a historical character that is essentially determined by the continual interaction between nature, society and economy. The landscape approach is followed, considering as units of territorial analysis each one of the 145 biophysical environmental units included in the national physiographic regionalization. The assessment of 16 indicators for each biophysical environmental unit was made considering their regional environmental integrity problems, the degree of disarticulation of their structure and function, and the alteration of their territorial structure, all of which determine whether or not they accomplish their environmental functions and achieve environmental stability. The classification of the state of the environment included 5 categories in 8 combinations represented in the map of the state of the environment in Mexico for the year 2008. The map shows that nearly 47.10% of the country’s surface has an environmental status ranging between unstable and critical, the problematic areas being mostly concentrated in the southeast and center of the national territory.
Repression of Arginase-2 Expression in Dendritic Cells by MicroRNA-155 Is Critical for Promoting T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Dunand-Sauthier Isabelle , Irla Magali , Carnesecchi Stéphanie , Seguín-Estévez Queralt , Vejnar Charles E. , Zdobnov Evgeny M. , Santiago-Raber Marie-Laure , Reith Walter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractArginine, a semiessential amino acid implicated in diverse cellular processes, is a substrate for two arginases—Arg1 and Arg2—having different expression patterns and functions. Although appropriately regulated Arg1 expression is critical for immune responses, this has not been documented for Arg2. We show that Arg2 is the dominant enzyme in dendritic cells (DCs) and is repressed by microRNA-155 (miR155) during their maturation. miR155 is known to be strongly induced in various mouse and human DC subsets in response to diverse maturation signals, and miR155-deficient DCs exhibit an impaired ability to induce Ag-specific T cell responses. By means of expression profiling studies, we identified Arg2 mRNA as a novel miR155 target in mouse DCs. Abnormally elevated levels of Arg2 expression and activity were observed in activated miR155-deficient DCs. Conversely, overexpression of miR155 inhibited Arg2 expression. Bioinformatic and functional analyses confirmed that Arg2 mRNA is a direct target of miR155. Finally, in vitro and in vivo functional assays using DCs exhibiting deregulated Arg2 expression indicated that Arg2-mediated arginine depletion in the extracellular milieu impairs T cell proliferation. These results indicate that miR155-induced repression of Arg2 expression is critical for the ability of DCs to drive T cell activation by controlling arginine availability in the extracellular environment.
Human XCR1+ Dendritic Cells Derived In Vitro from CD34+ Progenitors Closely Resemble Blood Dendritic Cells, Including Their Adjuvant Responsiveness, Contrary to Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Balan Sreekumar , Ollion Vincent , Colletti Nicholas , Chelbi Rabie , Montanana-Sanchis Frédéric , Liu Hong , Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Sanchez Cindy , Savoret Juliette , Perrot Ivan , Doffin Anne-Claire , Fossum Even , Bechlian Didier , Chabannon Christian , Bogen Bjarne , Asselin-Paturel Carine , Shaw Michael , Soos Timothy , Caux Christophe , Valladeau-Guilemond Jenny , Dalod Marc 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) have been used in the clinic with moderately encouraging results. Mouse XCR1+ DC excel at cross-presentation, can be targeted in vivo to induce protective immunity, and share characteristics with XCR1+ human DC. Assessment of the immunoactivation potential of XCR1+ human DC is hindered by their paucity in vivo and by their lack of a well-defined in vitro counterpart. We report in this study a protocol generating both XCR1+ and XCR1− human DC in CD34+ progenitor cultures (CD34-DC). Gene expression profiling, phenotypic characterization, and functional studies demonstrated that XCR1− CD34-DC are similar to canonical MoDC, whereas XCR1+ CD34-DC resemble XCR1+ blood DC (bDC). XCR1+ DC were strongly activated by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid but not LPS, and conversely for MoDC. XCR1+ DC and MoDC expressed strikingly different patterns of molecules involved in inflammation and in cross-talk with NK or T cells. XCR1+ CD34-DC but not MoDC efficiently cross-presented a cell-associated Ag upon stimulation by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid or R848, likewise to what was reported for XCR1+ bDC. Hence, it is feasible to generate high numbers of bona fide XCR1+ human DC in vitro as a model to decipher the functions of XCR1+ bDC and as a potential source of XCR1+ DC for clinical use.
Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures: Current Concepts and Modern Management
Authors: Volpin Gershon , Cohen Zvi , Kirshner Genadi , Shtarker Haim 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe calcaneal fractures are usually the result of high-energy injuries, falls from height and road traffic accidents and constitutes about 2% of all fractures. 60 to 75% of them are displaced intra-articular fractures and 90% of them are usually in males, mainly in industrial workers.there is still controversy regarding classification and treatment. The purpose of this review is to present the modern surgical modalities for these type of fractures.How to cite this articleVolpin G, Cohen Z, Kirshner G, Shtarker H. Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures: Current Concepts and Modern Management. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2014;1(1):24-31.