bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The even Clifford structure of the fourth
Severi variety
Authors: Parton Maurizio , Piccinni Paolo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
TheHermitian symmetric spaceM = EIII appears in the classification of complete simply connected
Riemannian manifolds carrying a parallel even Clifford structure [19]. This means the existence of a real oriented
Euclidean vector bundle E over it together with an algebra bundle morphism φ : Cl0(E) → End(TM)
mapping Ʌ2E into skew-symmetric endomorphisms, and the existence of a metric connection on E compatible
with φ. We give an explicit description of such a vector bundle E as a sub-bundle of End(TM). From this
we construct a canonical differential 8-form on EIII, associated with its holonomy Spin(10) · U(1) ⊂ U(16),
that represents a generator of its cohomology ring. We relate it with a Schubert cycle structure by looking at
EIII as the smooth projective variety V(4) ⊂ CP26 known as the fourth Severi variety.
Triggering RNAi with multifunctional RNA nanoparticles and their delivery
Authors: Dao Bich Ngoc , Viard Mathias , Martins Angelica N. , Kasprzak Wojciech K. , Shapiro Bruce A. , Afonin Kirill A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProteins are considered to be the key players in structure, function, and metabolic regulation of our bodies. The mechanisms used in conventional therapies often rely on inhibition of proteins with small molecules, but another promising method to treat disease is by targeting the corresponding mRNAs. In 1998, Craig Mellow and Andrew Fire discovered dsRNA-mediated gene silencing via RNA interference or RNAi. This discovery introduced almost unlimited possibilities for new gene silencing methods, thus opening new doors to clinical medicine. RNAi is a biological process that inhibits gene expression by targeting the mRNA. RNAi-based therapeutics have several potential advantages (i) a priori ability to target any gene, (ii) relatively simple design process, (iii) sitespecificity, (iv) potency, and (v) a potentially safe and selective knockdown of the targeted cells. However, the problem lies within the formulation and delivery of RNAi therapeutics including rapid excretion, instability in the bloodstream, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient intracellular release. In an attempt to solve these issues, different types of RNAi therapeutic delivery strategies including multifunctional RNA nanoparticles are being developed. In this mini-review, we will briefly describe some of the current approaches.
Another formulation of the Wick’s theorem. Farewell, pairing?
Authors: Beloussov Igor V. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The algebraic formulation of Wick’s theorem that allows one to present the vacuum or thermal
averages of the chronological product of an arbitrary number of field operators as a determinant (permanent)
of the matrix is proposed. Each element of the matrix is the average of the chronological product of only
two operators. This formulation is extremely convenient for practical calculations in quantum field theory,
statistical physics, and quantum chemistry by the standard packages of the well known computer algebra
systems.
The relationship of oxidative stress parameters with infarct volume and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in ischemic stroke / İskemik inmede oksidatif stres parametrelerinin infarkt volümü ve National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ile ilişkisi
Authors: İçme Ferhat , Erel Özcan , Öztürk Zeynep Saral , Öz Tolga , Avci Akkan , Satar Salim , Ercan Karabekir 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: What we know about the relationship between oxidative stress parameters and ischemic stroke is still limited and controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships among ischemic lesion volume, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) values, and oxidant and antioxidant levels to determine whether oxidative stress paramaters is effective on stroke severity in ischemic stroke patients.
Methods: The study included 34 patients with ischemic stroke and 34 volunteers with no active diseases. Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), thiol, paraoxonase, stimulated paraoxonase (stparaoxonase) and arylesterase were measured in blood samples collected on admission from patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated. The same oxidative stress parameters were measured in the control group and compared with the patient group. Correlation between the oxidative stress parameters, the infarct volume and the NIHSS was studied. NIHSS was calculated when patients were admitted to the emergency department. The infarct volume was calculated using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed in the first 72-96 hours.
Results: TOS and OSI values were significantly higher in the case group than the control group. Paraoxonase, arylesterase, and thiol values were significantly lower in the case group than the control group. TAS and stparaoxonase values weren’t differed significantly between the case and control groups. There were significant negative correlations between the NIHSS value and both the paraoxonase value and stparaoxonase value. There were no significant correlations between the NIHSS value and the infarct volume and the TAS, TOS, OSI, arylesterase, and thiol values.
Conclusion: We concluded that change in oxidative stress balance in favor of oxidants could be a cause in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke but oxidative stress alone can’t be sufficient in predicting the severity of stroke.
A Study of .22 Caliber Rimfire Exploding Bullets: Effects in Ordnance Gelatin
Authors: Josselson AR , Johnson AC , Washington WD , Wagner GN , Garner DD , Johnson FB , Lundy DR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This is a study of commercially available .22 caliber rimfire ammunition manufactured to explode on bullet impact. Factors considered were bullet velocity, angle of impact, missile deformation, and depth of penetration and cavitation in ordnance gelatin. Microscopic, radiographic, and high speed motion picture photographic techniques were employed. This study found that the angle of impact was critical for detonation of the bullet.
Collection of Trace Evidence from Bombing Victims at Autopsy
Authors: Laposata EA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The body recovered from the scene of a bombing may contain important trace evidence that links the suspect to the crime. Recognizing the lack of guidelines for evidence removal from the body, we have prepared a protocol to guide the pathologist in the collection of trace evidence from the bombing victim. Case material used in the development of the protocol included 13 bombing fatalities reported to the St. Louis Medical Examiner's Office since 1975.
Age Estimation from the Rib by Phase Analysis: White Females
Authors: Yaşar İşcan M , Loth SR , Wright RK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Metamorphosis at the sternal extremity of the rib has already been established as a reliable indicator of age at death. Using a sample of white males, it was shown that an accurate estimation of age can be made by direct examination of the bone itself. However, because of sexual differences in hormonal production and dimorphism in the skeleton, the present study was carried out to develop an appropriate standard for age determination from the sternal rib in white females. The sample consisted of 86 ribs of known age, sex, and race. Observations were made at the costochondral junction with special attention to pit formation (its shape and depth), changes in the walls and rim surrounding it, and overall bone density and texture. Based on changes in these areas, the ribs were separated into nine phases (0 through 8). The most rapid metamorphosis occurred in Phases 1 through 4 (mean ages 14–28) with changes noticeable at 3 to 4 year intervals. After mean age 28, this process slowed, considerably expanding the interval between phases to 10 to 15 years. The female ribs showed both earlier initial pit formation and a different morphologic pattern of aging as compared with males. Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the phases are valid predictors of age. This study has shown that the sternal rib can provide an accurate estimation of age in females spanning a mean age of 14 to 76 years.
Identification of Fetal Bloodstains by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human α-Fetoprotein
Authors: Katsumata Y , Sato M , Tamaki K , Tsutsumi H , Yada S , Oya M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of human α-fetoprotein (AFP) using commercially available reagents was devised and applied to identification of fetal bloodstains. When experimentally prepared bloodstains, 1 by 2 mm in area, were submitted to analysis, only fetal bloodstains showed positive reactions in the present ELISA. The reactions did not change significantly when these bloodstains were stored at room temperature for one week. The present ELISA seems to be suitable for forensic science practice.
Sudden Death Caused by Embolization of Trophoblast from Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Cohle SD , Petty CS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 16-year-old pregnant female presented to a hospital emergency room with vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping. She underwent a hysterotomy and curettage and, during the procedure, her pulse dropped from 130 to 30 beats/minute, her pO2 fell to 10 mm of mercury, and she could not be resuscitated. At autopsy, she was found to have massive pulmonary embolization of syncytiotrophoblast from a hydatidiform mole of the uterus. This is the sixth reported case of trophoblastic embolization from a hydratidiform mole ending in death. This fatal termination may occur after a period of respiratory symptoms and may occur regardless of the mode of treatment.
Formation of Gunshot Residues
Authors: Basu S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) was used to determine new structural criteria to further substantiate the view that gunshot residue (GSR) particles have a characteristic structure. Because GSR particles are formed by rapid cooling from extreme temperatures and high pressures, they should contain features of condensates not only on their surfaces, but also within their interiors. Both the surfaces and the cross sections of GSR were examined for X-ray mapping of elements and for topographic analysis. Vaporized lead, antimony, and barium may condense uniformly and concurrently, or irregularly and discontinuously, or as a layer of lead around a nucleus of barium and antimony. These three modes of GSR formation may correspond to the equilibrium state, the increasing temperature state, and the decreasing temperature state of the explosion gas mixture of the priming compound. Most GSR smaller than 10 $#X3BCm are formed as droplets at equilibrium. Larger spheres grow by coalescence of the smaller droplets. These residues pass through various metastable forms and then freeze. Only a few semisolid spheroids of barium and antimony may capture lead vapors of the etched bullet and burnt residues, and these appear as “peeled oranges.”
Physical Comparison of Plastic Garbage Bags and Sandwich Bags
Authors: von Bremen UG , Blunt LKR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Individual marks are located adjacent to machine-cut ends on garbage bags and sandwich bags. Class marks that change direction or width or both are present on many brands. The cut ends of plastic bags can successfully be related to each other. Visits were made to plants that manufacture both types of bags to observe the production methods and sequence. Consecutively made samples were collected and others purchased at retail outlets. All were compared with optical equipment and some with photographic techniques to enhance faint characteristics. Results obtained using the techniques described were presented in court.
Counterfeits: Three Groups, One Source
Authors: Morton SE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A series of U.S. Postal Money Orders were determined to be counterfeits. They were separated into three distinct groups based on recurring printing defects. However, printing defects common to all of the counterfeits established that they shared a common source at some point in their production. The genuine money order used as a model was located and confirmed as the individual money order photographed to make the offset negatives used to print the counterfeits.
A Comparison of Partner and Solo Arsonists
Authors: Molnar G , Keitner L , Harwood BT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Data on 225 adult arsonists arrested in a metropolitan county over a four-year period were systematically gathered. In each case 83 variables related to the arsonist and the arson were examined. The presence or absence of a partner in crime clearly differentiated two groups of arsonists. Partner and solo arsonists are characterized by a different level of social functioning and a different burden of mental impairment and criminal history. By focusing on the partner variable, it also becomes clear that the characteristics of the offense are related to those of the offender.
Microscopical Discrimination of Twins' Head Hair
Authors: Bisbing RE , Wolner MF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Twin populations are ideal for studying human variation; a study of twins' hair, therefore, provided a better understanding of the value of hair comparisons. Duplicate head hair samples from 17 pairs of twins and one set of identical triplets were compared in a verified blind study. In addition to the direct comparison of all twins, random samples of two or three hairs were compared with randoraly selected groups of known samples in a second blind study, to better simulate an ordinary forensic science case. Features commonly used by forensic hair examiners were adequate to distinguish hair samples from each twin from all other samples, illustrating the power of microscopical comparison when numerous questioned hairs are available in evidence. When two or three hairs were compared with randomly selected known samples, several were indistinguishable from hair samples other than the true source, proving once again that a human hair can never be associated with one person to the exclusion of all others.
The Detection of Protein p30 in Seminal Stains by Means of Thin-Layer Immunoassay
Authors: Masibay AS , Lappas NT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The detection of p30 by means of an indirect thin-layer immunoassay (TIA) is described. Extracts from 20 samples can be analyzed in approximately 2 h with a detection limit of approximately 50 ng. The p30 protein was detected in seminal stains which had been stored at room temperature for six months and at 130°C for 4 h. Blood, saliva, urine, perspiration, and tears did not interefere with the method. The reliability of the method was demonstrated in a blind study.
Intravenous Amphetamine Abuse, Primary Cerebral Mucormycosis, and Acquired Immunodeficiency
Authors: Micozzi MS , Wetli CV 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two intravenous amphetamine abusers had fatal, rapidly progressive cerebral mucormycosis with abscess formation in the presence of absolute lymphopenia. Postmortem examination confirmed the primary nature of the fungal cerebritis, documented by postmortem culture and histology. The clinical and pathologic features of these cases are compared to previously reported occurrences of primary fungal cerebritis (and abscess) among intravenous drug abusers, including cocaine users. Primary fungal cerebritis associated with intravenous abuse of stimulant drugs is discussed as a possible variant of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
The Absorption of Mercuric Ion into Single Human Head Hairs
Authors: Mackintosh J , Pate BD 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe concentration patterns of radioactive Hg ++, Cu + +, and I - in individual hair shafts, after soaking in aqueous solutions of these tracers, were measured nondestructively to permit repeated experiments on a given shaft. The mercury concentrations generally increased from the root end to the distal end of a given shaft less steeply than those of copper, while iodide concentrations generally decreased. Concentration peaks and other pattern features for mercury were also relatively less intense, but there was some correlation of the position of such areas of increased mercury, copper, and iodine adsorption in a given shaft. At equilibrium after more than 100 h of soaking, the amount of mercury taken up at pH 8 by the hair was three to four times that at pH 3. The rate of absorption of mercury was higher at low pH values, and that of desorption higher at high pH values. The relative intensity of pattern features remained constant during absorption or desorption at a given pH, but changed if the pH was changed. These data are discussed in terms of the chemistry of the hair binding sites for cations and anions.
Suicidal Strangulation with a Double-Knotted Noose
Authors: Zečević D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper describes an unquestionable case of suicide by strangulation. The case is of special interest because in addition to two single knots there were two double knots in the noose. As a rule strangulation with a double-knotted noose is seen only in cases of murder. The data attained at autopsy and the findings of the detailed police investigation are discussed.
Anatomical Distribution of Human Bite Marks in a Series of 67 Cases
Authors: Vale GL , Noguchi TT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study was made of the anatomical distribution of human bite marks, as well as their distribution by age of victim and type of crime involved. Bite marks in this study occurred primarily in sex-related crimes, child abuse cases, and cases involving other types of physical altercations. Bite marks were found on virtually all areas of the body, with more than one bite mark on 40% of the victims. Female victims were most commonly bitten on the breasts, arms, and legs, while male victims were most commonly bitten on the arms and shoulders.
Radiographic Identification of Charred Human Remains Through Use of the Dorsal Defect of the Patella
Authors: Riddick L , Brogdon BG , Lasswell-Hoff J , Delmas B 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA case of radiographic identification of charred human remains through use of the dorsal defect of the patella is reported. The nature of the defect and its incidence are discussed for reference purposes.
An empirical profile of VLF triggered emissions
Authors: Li J. D. , Spasojevic M. , Inan U. S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Siple Transmitter Experiment operated from 1973 to 1988 and generated a wealth of observations of nonlinear wave‐particle interactions including extensive recordings of triggered emissions generated by VLF signals injected into the magnetosphere from the transmitter at Siple Station, Antarctica. Due to their complex appearance and immensely varied behavior, triggered emissions remain poorly described and understood. This work provides a comprehensive statistical description of observed triggered emissions and establishes statistical bounds on triggered emission type (fallers, risers, and positive and negative hooks) and behavior (frequency changes between 1 kHz and 2.5 kHz with initial sweep rates between −2.5 kHz/s and 2.5 kHz/s, with risers undergoing a median frequency change of 556 Hz and fallers a median frequency change of −198 Hz). The statistical study also reveals an apparent dependence of the triggered emission behavior on the transmitted signal itself. Long tones and rising ramps generate more risers and positive hooks, while short tones and falling ramps produce more fallers and negative hooks. Triggered emissions also appear to favorably initiate with sweep rates similar to that of the triggering element, with the 1 kHz/s rising ramps triggering initial risers with a median sweep rate of 1.03 kHz/s and −1 kHz/s triggering initial fallers with a median sweep rate of −0.73 kHz/s. These results improve observations of wave modification resulting from wave‐particle interactions in the radiation belts and can be used to validate numerical simulations of triggered emissions.
Premolar root and canal variation in extant non‐human hominoidea
Authors: Moore N. Collin , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe premolar sub‐cervical region in four non‐human extant ape genera are examined to: 1) define a classification scheme for the premolar root system in order to rigorously characterize, quantify and document variation in root and canal, form, number and configuration; 2) compare this variation within and between genera; and 3) test the hypotheses that sex and size (i.e., the “size/number continuum,” Shields, ) of the premolar are determinants of root/canal form and/or number.Materials and MethodsMicrotomography and 3D visualization software are utilized to examine a large sample of Hylobates, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo (n = 951 teeth). Each premolar root system is examined to ascertain the expected level of variability for each taxon. Cervical surface area (mm2) serves as a metric proxy for tooth size. A Chi‐square test of independence is used to assess for variability differences between and within each taxon, and Mann–Whitney U tests are employed to assess the predicted relationship between tooth size and variation within each taxon.ResultsOur findings indicate that root and canal configurations, non‐metric root traits and tooth size can distinguish between extant ape genera. Within the four ape taxa, premolar size variation is generally, but not always, correlated with canal/root number. Our results indicate that males and females within genera differ in tooth size but not in canal/root form and number.DiscussionWe report previously undocumented variation in the study taxa. Our results are discussed within the context of Miocene Apes as well as the developmental and systematic implications. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:209–226, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of data screening to drug exposure in large risk factor studies of birth defects
Authors: Louik Carol , Werler Martha , Anderka Marlene , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundBirth defects are the leading cause of infant death. While causes of most are unknown, those that might be due to medication use are among the most preventable. This study describes an approach to identifying those medications that most warrant attention by using a “screen” program that calculates odds ratios for pairs of exposures and specific birth defects.MethodsWe discuss the development of this tool and illustrate its application to two large risk factor studies, the Slone Epidemiology Center's Birth Defects Study and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Birth Defects Prevention Study, ideal settings for the systematic study of risks and relative safety of drugs in relation to birth defects while recognizing the inherent limitations of such an approach.ResultsSuggestions for establishing criteria for exposures and outcomes that balance the need for specific details with the practical considerations of sample size and volume of output are presented. Selection of appropriate exposure reference categories and control groups is also discussed, as well as the need to address potential confounding. An example that motivated a detailed investigation of possible associations between a medication (butalbital) and selected specific birth defects is provided.ConclusionWhile screening programs such as the one described can be a valuable tool for exploring potential associations in large data bases, they must be applied with caution. The issue of multiple testing and chance findings is a major concern. While statistics are a necessary component, human judgment must be an integral part of the process. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:713–717, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.