bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic stress and rock fracture: a two‐dimensional numerical model for arbitrary topography and preliminary comparison with borehole observations
Authors: Slim Mirna , Perron J. Taylor , Martel Stephen J. , Singha Kamini 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTheoretical calculations indicate that elastic stresses induced by surface topography may be large enough in some landscapes to fracture rocks, which in turn could influence slope stability, erosion rates, and bedrock hydrologic properties. These calculations typically have involved idealized topographic profiles, with few direct comparisons of predicted topographic stresses and observed fractures at specific field sites. We use a numerical model to calculate the stresses induced by measured topographic profiles and compare the calculated stress field with fractures observed in shallow boreholes. The model uses a boundary element method to calculate the stress distribution beneath an arbitrary topographic profile in the presence of ambient tectonic stress. When applied to a topographic profile across the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania, the model predicts where shear fractures would occur based on a Mohr–Coulomb criterion, with considerable differences in profiles of stresses with depth beneath ridgetops and valley floors. We calculate the minimum cohesion required to prevent shear failure, Cmin, as a proxy for the potential for fracturing or reactivation of existing fractures. We compare depth profiles of Cmin with structural analyses of image logs from four boreholes located on the valley floor, and find that fracture abundance declines sharply with depth in the uppermost 15 m of the bedrock, consistent with the modeled profile of Cmin. In contrast, Cmin increases with depth at comparable depths below ridgetops, suggesting that ridgetop fracture abundance patterns may differ if topographic stresses are indeed important. Thus, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that topography can influence subsurface rock fracture patterns and provide a basis for further observational tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pelvic abscess drainage (with video)
Authors: Holt Bronte , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: August 2014

Abstract Pelvic abscesses present a serious and challenging management problem. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage provides a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment option. The likelihood of a successful outcome is dependent on appropriate patient selection, drainage technique and postoperative management. This review outlines the evidence behind and procedural steps required for EUS‐guided pelvic abscess drainage.
Delivering Loyalty Via Customer Experience Management at DHL Freight
Authors: MacGillavry Kim , Wilson Alan 
Published: August 2014

Creating a positive customer experience enables a company to differentiate itself from the competition. This is particularly true in the highly fragmented road freight business, where the offering has become highly commoditized and price driven. DHL Freight, a leading provider of international road transportation solutions, set out to enhance the customer experience by bringing the voice of the customer into the organization, improving customer interactions, and developing an organization‐wide customer‐driven vision, common purpose, and value proposition. The need to engage the whole organization, across multiple locations and countries, in delivering an excellent customer experience was critical to the success of the initiative. Within 12 months of implementation, DHL Freight is seeing a major change in the culture and operations of the company. Encouraged by this success, each country in which DHL Freight operates is taking steps to appoint a dedicated customer experience leader in their respective senior management teams. The company's experiences point the way for implementing an effective customer management approach in other operations‐driven businesses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychotropic Drug Use in a Cohort of Workers 4 Years After an Industrial Disaster in France
Authors: Diène Eloi , Geoffroy‐Perez Béatrice , Cohidon Christine , Gauvin Stéphanie , Carton Matthieu , Fouquet Aurélie , Fatras Jean‐Yves , Imbernon Ellen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo years after the 2001 Toulouse industrial disaster, a longitudinal study was set up to evaluate the impact of the disaster. The current substudy examines the medium‐term impact (5 years) the incident had on the mental health of 3,004 participants. As part of the monitoring, data relating to the psychotropic drug use of 2,494 participants were collected from administrative databases 4 years after the disaster. Use of psychotropics was higher among women for anxiolytics (10.4% for men and 15.0% for women), hypnotics (10.5% and 17.0%), and antidepressants (7.6% and 11.2%). Exposure to the disaster, especially proximity to the exposure, was significantly associated with the use of antidepressants in men, OR = 3.22, 95% CI[1.57, 6.61]. This was also the case for other exposure factors (saw dead or injury, injured, home damage, death or injury loved one, psychological disorders, exposure toxic fumes): range of OR 1.75 to 2.52 in men, 1.48 to 1.62 in women. In conclusion, this study highlights the medium‐term psychological impact of an industrial disaster on psychotropic drug use and the potential for using medical records data as a means for tracking postdisaster mental health.
Reported Barriers to Mental Health Care in Three Samples of U.S. Army National Guard Soldiers at Three Time Points
Authors: Valenstein Marcia , Gorman Lisa , Blow Adrian J. , Ganoczy Dara , Walters Heather , Kees Michelle , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Kim H. Myra , Lagrou Robert , Wadsworth Shelley MacDermid , Rauch Sheila A. M. , Dalack Gregory W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe military community and its partners have made vigorous efforts to address treatment barriers and increase appropriate mental health services use among returning National Guard soldiers. We assessed whether there were differences in reports of treatment barriers in 3 categories (stigma, logistics, or negative beliefs about treatment) in sequential cross‐sectional samples of U.S. soldiers from a Midwestern Army National Guard Organization who were returning from overseas deployments. Data were collected during 3 time periods: September 2007–August 2008 (n = 333), March 2009–March 2010 (n = 884), and August 2011–August 2012 (n = 737). In analyses using discretized time periods and in trend analyses, the percentages of soldiers endorsing negative beliefs about treatment declined significantly across the 3 sequential samples (19.1%, 13.9%, and 11.1%). The percentages endorsing stigma barriers (37.8%, 35.2%, 31.8%) decreased significantly only in trend analyses. Within the stigma category, endorsement of individual barriers regarding negative reactions to a soldier seeking treatment declined, but barriers related to concerns about career advancement did not. Negative treatment beliefs were associated with reduced services use (OR = 0.57; 95% CI [0.33, 0.97]).
Effect of Ionic Liquid Modified Synthetic Layered Silicates on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Livi Sébastien , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick , Gérard Jean‐François 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this work, synthetic layered silicates denoted Somasif ME‐100 and Laponite® RD were modified with dialkyl imidazolium and alkyl phosphonium ionic liquids by cationic exchange reaction. In both cases, the phosphonium (P‐ME, P‐RD) or imidazolium ion (I‐ME, I‐RD)‐treated micas and laponites display an excellent thermal stability compared to commonly used quaternary ammonium salts. To highlight the effect of these ionic liquids, the modified layered silicates were introduced in a high density polyethylene (HDPE). Thus, polyethylene nanocomposites filled with a low amount of nanoparticles (2 wt%) were prepared by twin screw extrusion. Then, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analysis has been used to investigate the effect of ILs on the different morphologies of these nanocomposites. In addition, the use or not of compatibilizer such as PEgMA (20% by weight) has been also studied on the mechanical behaviour of these polymer nanocomposites. Even though the thermal stability of polyethylene matrix remains unchanged, a good stiffness‐thoughness compromise has been observed.
Improving the Ionic Conductivity of Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber/LDH Composites by Adding Imidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquids
Authors: Laskowska Anna , Marzec Anna , Boiteux Gisele , Zaborski Marian , Gain Olivier , Serghei Anatoli , Maniukiewicz Waldemar 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe investigated the ability of three imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM TFSI), 1‐hexyl‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIM TFSI)) that have the same anion but different alkyl chain lengths of cation in amounts of 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 phr (parts per hundred rubber)to improve the ionic conductivity of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR)/layered double hydroxide (MgAl‐LDH) composites. The presence of these ionic liquids modified the relaxation behavior of the XNBR matrix. Increasing the length of the cation side‐chain (from ethyl‐ to hexyl‐) impactsthe glass transition temperature of the rubber matrix, the crosslink density, the mechanical properties and the ionic conductivity of the resulting XNBR/IL‐LDH composites. Among this group of ionic liquids, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM TFSI)or alternatively 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIM TFSI)proved most suitable for enhancingthe ionic conductivity of rubber composites without substantial deterioration of their mechanical properties.
Controllable Fabrication of CuO/Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) Nanocomposites through Ceramic Membrane Anti‐Solvent Recrystallization
Authors: Qin Hong , Zha Mingxia , Ma Zhenye , Zhao Fengqi , Xu Siyu , Xu Huixiang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo improve the dispersion of CuO nanoparticles in ammonium perchlorate (AP), CuO/AP nanocomposites are designed and the novel ceramic membrane anti‐solvent crystallization (CMASC) method is applied to the nanocomposites synthesis. Typical experimental results demonstrate that nanocomposites with a size of less than 20 μm exhibit well‐defined hexahedral‐like structure and that the CuO nanoparticles are physically coated by AP crystals. The well‐dispersion of CuO nanoparticles and preparation of superfine AP crystals can be achieved at one step. The nucleation and growth mechanism of nanocomposites is discussed. To explore the actual formation process of the nanocomposites, relevant experiments are designed and carried out. The results are well consistent with previous assumptions and verify that several parameters, including feeding rate, volume ratio of matched solvent and anti‐solvent, can be employed to manipulate the size and morphology of the nanocomposites. The catalytic activity of CuO nanoparticles in the nanocomposites exhibits superior performance.
Association between levator hiatal dimensions on ultrasound during first pregnancy and mode of delivery
Authors: van Veelen G. A. , Schweitzer K. J. , van Hoogenhuijze N. E. , van der Vaart C. H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association between levator hiatal dimensions, measured using transperineal ultrasound, in women during their first pregnancy and the subsequent mode of delivery, stratified by the indication for intervention.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, 280 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy were invited for transperineal ultrasound examination at 12 and 36 weeks' gestation. Their levator hiatal dimensions were measured at rest, on pelvic floor muscle contraction and on Valsalva maneuver. The subsequent mode of delivery was classified into five categories: spontaneous vaginal delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery owing to fetal distress, instrumental vaginal delivery owing to failure to progress, Cesarean section owing to fetal distress and Cesarean section owing to failure to progress. Levator hiatal dimensions according to mode of delivery were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test. Since multiple comparison tests were performed, the statistical significance level was corrected using the Bonferroni method.ResultsOf the 252 women included, those who delivered by Cesarean section because of failure to progress had a significantly smaller levator hiatal transverse diameter on pelvic floor contraction at 12 weeks' gestation than did women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (Tukey's post‐hoc test, P < 0.001). There was also a trend towards a smaller hiatal area on pelvic floor contraction at 12 weeks' gestation in women who delivered by Cesarean section because of failure to progress compared to women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (Tukey's post‐hoc test, P = 0.005). In women who had an instrumental vaginal delivery because of failure to progress there was a trend towards a smaller levator hiatal anteroposterior diameter on pelvic floor contraction at 36 weeks' gestation compared with women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (Tukey's post‐hoc test, P = 0.033).ConclusionsSmaller levator hiatal dimensions on pelvic floor contraction during first pregnancy are associated with a subsequent instrumental vaginal delivery or a Cesarean section owing to failure to progress. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Twin‐reversed arterial perfusion sequence associated with decreased fetal cerebral vascular impedance
Authors: Peyvandi S. , Feldstein V. A. , Hirose S. , Rand L. , Brook M. M. , Moon‐Grady A. J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTwin‐reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence affects 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies and is caused by abnormal vascular connections between a pump twin and an acardiac mass. The effects of abnormal vascular connections on cerebral vasculature in the pump twin are unknown. We hypothesize that abnormal cerebral vascular impedance, as assessed by the pulsatility index (PI), is present in pump twins and that fetal intervention alters cerebral impedance.MethodsFetal echocardiograms performed between 2010 and 2013 in pregnancies diagnosed with TRAP (n = 19), recorded at presentation, and uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies (controls, n = 18; 36 fetuses) were analyzed. In all subjects, the middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐PI, combined cardiac output (CCO) and cardiothoracic ratio were calculated, and the values for cases and controls were compared.ResultsThe mean gestational age at the time of echocardiography was 20 weeks in both groups. MCA‐PI was lower in TRAP cases than in controls (1.55 (95% CI, 1.47–1.64) vs 1.74 (95% CI, 1.65–1.82), respectively; P = 0.004). CCO in TRAP cases was mildly elevated for gestational age (199.7 (95% CI, 138.4–261.1) mL/min) compared with that of controls (131.4 (95% CI, 102.2–160.7) mL/min). In six TRAP cases with a second echocardiogram available, the mean MCA‐PI increased after intervention, from 1.5 (95% CI, 1.3–1.7) to 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4–2.2).ConclusionsTRAP pump twins have lower cerebral vascular impedance than do controls, suggestive of a brain‐sparing effect. MCA‐PI appeared to increase in a small group of pump twins after intervention. These findings suggest a fetal cerebral autoregulatory response to a high cardiac output state that begins to change after fetal intervention. The long‐term implications for neurodevelopmental outcome warrant further study. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Linking energy efficiency to economic productivity: recommendations for improving the robustness of the U.S. economy
Authors: Laitner John A. “Skip” 
Published: August 2014

The evidence continues to mount. Energy efficiency is not just a way to save big money for households and business, or to achieve cost‐effective and very big reductions in greenhouse gas emissions; it is also a critical resource if the United States is to maintain the robustness of its economy. In short, the efficient use of energy plays a more prominent role in the economic process than is generally understood. But the role of high‐quality energy as it enable economic activity is badly defined and poorly tracked within the standard national economic accounts. The analysis builds on a new set of data and insights indicating that, based in 2010 data, the U.S. economy is only 14% energy efficient. In other words, our economic activity wastes 86% of the energy used in the production and distribution of goods and services. This level of energy inefficiency imposes an array of costs that constrain the robustness of the American economy. This assessment explores new terms and concepts—many of which are familiar to physicists and engineers, but have not generally become part of normal policy discussion. As a result, the current system of economic accounts (which tracks employment, investment, and income) limits insights and understanding about: (1) the current dynamics of productivity improvements and routine economic activity; and (2) the mix of price signals, policies, and incentives designed to redirect purposeful effort and productive investment. Applying these insights has the potential to transform the economy into one that provides both social and environmental well‐being, and that is also sustainable over the long run. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:235–252. doi: 10.1002/wene.135This article is categorized under:

Energy Efficiency > Economics and Policy
Energy Efficiency > Systems and Infrastructure
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Cadmium(II) Complexes with CdS Network and (3,4)‐Connected Topology
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Zhiling , Niu Shaoli , Song Aijun , Peng Youshun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo cadmium(II) complexes with different dicarboxylate ligands, [Cd(ADC)(bib)0.5] (1) and [Cd(HIDC)(bib)0.5]n (2) [H2ADC = 1,3‐adamantanedicarboxylic acid, H3IDC = 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylate and bib = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl) benzene] were obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complexes showed different topological nets. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.
Laparoscopic Major Hepatectomies: Clinical Outcomes and Classification
Authors: Di Fabio Francesco , Samim Morsal , Di Gioia Paolo , Godeseth Rosemary , Pearce Neil W. , Abu Hilal Mohammed 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
According to the Louisville Statement, laparoscopic major hepatectomy is a heterogeneous category that includes “traditional” trisectionectomies/hemi‐hepatectomies and the technically challenging resection of segments 4a, 7, and 8. The aims of this study were to assess differences in clinical outcomes between laparoscopic “traditional” major hepatectomy and resection of “difficult‐to‐access” posterosuperior segments and to define whether the current classification is clinically valid or needs revision.Methods
We reviewed a prospectively collected single‐center database of 390 patients undergoing pure laparoscopic liver resection. A total of 156 patients who had undergone laparoscopic major hepatectomy according to the Louisville Statement were divided into two subcategories: laparoscopic “traditional” major hepatectomy (LTMH), including hemi‐hepatectomies and trisegmentectomies, and laparoscopic “posterosuperior” major hepatectomy (LPMH), including resection of posterosuperior segments 4a, 7, and 8. LTMH and LPMH subgroups were compared with respect to demographics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative outcomes.ResultsLTMH was performed in 127 patients (81 %) and LPMH in 29 (19 %). Operation time was a median 330 min for LTMH and 210 min for LPMH (p < 0.0001). Blood loss was a median 500 ml for LTMH and 300 ml for LPMH (p = 0.005). Conversion rate was 9 % for LTMH and nil for LPMH (p = 0.219). In all, 28 patients (22 %) developed postoperative complications after LTMH and 5 (17 %) after LPMH (p = 0.801). Mortality rate was 1.6 % after LTMH and nil after LPMH. Hospital stay was a median 5 days after LTMH and 4 days after LPMH (p = 0.026).ConclusionsThe creation of two subcategories of laparoscopic major hepatectomy seems appropriate to reflect differences in intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between LTMH and LPMH.
A Meta‐Analysis of Short‐Term Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and BMI ≤35 kg/m2 Undergoing Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Rao Wen‐Sheng , Shan Cheng‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Dao‐Zhen , Qiu Ming 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is effective for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2. It is unknown whether it benefits those with a BMI ≤35 kg/m2. In the last decade, the effect of bariatric procedures on metabolic outcomes in individuals who underwent surgery outside National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines (BMI ≤35 kg/m2) was both interesting and controversial.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic analysis evaluating the effect of RYGB for T2DM patients with a BMI ≤35 kg/m2.Methods
We searched databases (Embase, Ovid, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], and Cochrane Library) and relevant journals between January 1980 and October 2013. Keywords used in electronic searching included ‘diabetes’, ‘gastric bypass’, ‘BMI’, and ‘body mass index’. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients who underwent RYGB; (2) sample size ≥15; (3) patients with a BMI ≤35 kg/m2; and (4) follow‐up ≥12 months. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) data extracted from a database; (2) trials for sleeve gastrectomy; (3) trials for laparoscopic banding; (4) trials for bilio‐pancreatic diversion; and (5) trials for duodenojejunal bypass. Participants and intervention type 2 diabetes patients with BMI ≤35 kg/m2 who underwent RYGB. Two investigators reviewed all reported studies independently. Data were extracted according to previously defined endpoints. A meta‐analysis was performed for these parameters, with homogeneity among different trials.ResultsNine articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. After 12 months, patients with T2DM had a significant decrease in their BMI postoperatively (p < 0.00001, weighted mean difference [WMD] −7.42, 95 % confidence interval [CI] −8.87 to −5.97), and remission of diabetes (glucose: p < 0.00001, WMD −59.87, 95 % CI −67.74 to −52.01; hemoglobin A1cp < 0.00001, WMD −2.76, 95 % CI −3.41 to −2.11). There were no deaths in all trials, and the complication rate was between 6.7 and 25.9 %. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.00 to 3.20 days, and mean operative time was from 72.8 to 112.0 min. In terms of study limitations, publication and selection bias were unavoidable. Trials with small sample sizes were excluded, which may lead to a selection bias.ConclusionRYGB was effective for T2DM patients with BMI ≤35 kg/m2. Further clinical studies with long‐term follow‐up data are necessary to clarify this issue.