bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An auxin‐responsive endogenous peptide regulates root development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Fengxi , Song Yu , Yang Hao , Liu Zhibin , Zhu Genfa , Yang Yi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAuxin plays critical roles in root formation and development. The components involved in this process, however, are not well understood. Here, we newly identified a peptide encoding gene, auxin‐responsive endogenous polypeptide 1 (AREP1), which is induced by auxin, and mediates root development in Arabidopsis. Expression of AREP1 was specific to the cotyledon and to root and shoot meristem tissues. Amounts of AREP1 transcripts and AREP1‐green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were elevated in response to indoleacetic acid treatment. Suppression of AREP1 through RNAi silencing resulted in reduction of primary root length, increase of lateral root number, and expansion of adventitious roots, compared to the observations in wild‐type plants in the presence of auxin. By contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing AREP1 showed enhanced growth of the primary root under auxin treatment. Additionally, root morphology, including lateral root number and adventitious roots, differed greatly between transgenic and wild‐type plants. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin‐responsive genes, such as IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR‐AC1, was significantly higher in AREP1 RNAi plants, and was slightly lower in AREP1 overexpressing plants than in wild‐type plants. These results suggest that the novel endogenous peptide AREP1 plays an important role in the process of auxin‐mediated root development.
Inulavosin and its benzo‐derivatives, melanogenesis inhibitors, target the copper loading mechanism to the active site of tyrosinase
Authors: Fujita Hideaki , Menezes José C. J. M. D. S. , Santos Sérgio M. , Yokota Sadaki , Kamat Shrivallabh P. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Motokawa Tomonori , Kato Tomomi , Mochizuki Mayu , Fujiwara Toshiyuki , Fujii Yuki , Tanaka Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2014

SummaryTyrosinase, a melanosomal membrane protein containing copper, is a key enzyme for melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Inulavosin inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing a degradation of tyrosinase in lysosomes. However, the mechanism by which inulavosin redirects tyrosinase to lysosomes is yet unknown. The analyses of structure–activity relationship of inulavosin and its benzo‐derivatives reveal that the hydroxyl and the methyl groups play a critical role in their inhibitory activity. Intriguingly, the docking studies to tyrosinase suggest that the compounds showing inhibitory activity bind through hydrophobic interactions to the cavity of tyrosinase below which the copper‐binding sites are located. This cavity is proposed to be required for the association with a chaperon that assists in copper loading to tyrosinase in Streptomyces antibioticus. Inulavosin and its benzo‐derivatives may compete with the copper chaperon and result in a lysosomal mistargeting of apo‐tyrosinase that has a conformational defect.
Antioxidative Activities of Algal Keto Carotenoids Acting as Antioxidative Protectants in the Chloroplast
Authors: Dambeck Michael , Sandmann Gerhard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractVery diverse carotenoid structures exist in the photosynthesis apparatus of different algae. Among them, the keto derivatives are regarded the most antioxidative. Therefore, four different keto carotenoids, peridinin, fucoxanthin, siphonaxanthin and astaxanthin fatty acid monoesters, were isolated and purified from Amphidinium carterae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Caulerpa taxifolia and Haematococcus pluvialis, respectively. The carotenoids were assayed as inhibitors of photosensitizer initiated reactions or scavengers of radicals in the early events generating reactive oxygen species as starters for peroxidation and as protectants against the whole reaction chain finally leading to lipid peroxidation. These in vitro studies demonstrated the substantial antioxidative properties as indicated by the IC50 values of all four keto carotenoids with superior protection by astaxanthin fatty acid monoesters which were as effective as free astaxanthin and of peridinin against radicals. As an example, the in vivo relevance of fucoxanthin for protection of photosynthesis from excess light and from peroxidative agents was evaluated with intact cells. Cultures of P. tricornutum with decreased fucoxanthin content generated by inhibitor treatment were exposed to strong light or cumene hydroperoxyde. In each case, oxidation of chlorophyll as marker for damaging of the photosynthesis apparatus was less severe when the fucoxanthin was at maximum level.
Autonomous Portable Solar Ultraviolet Spectroradiometer (APSUS) – a New CCD Spectrometer System for Localized, Real‐Time Solar Ultraviolet (280–400 nm) Radiation Measurement
Authors: Hooke Rebecca , Pearson Andy , O'Hagan John 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTerrestrial solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has significant implications for human health and increasing levels are a key concern regarding the impact of climate change. Monitoring solar UV radiation at the earth's surface is therefore of increasing importance. A new prototype portable CCD (charge‐coupled device) spectrometer‐based system has been developed that monitors UV radiation (280–400 nm) levels at the earth's surface. It has the ability to deliver this information to the public in real time. Since the instrument can operate autonomously, it is called the Autonomous Portable Solar Ultraviolet Spectroradiometer (APSUS). This instrument incorporates an Ocean Optics QE65000 spectrometer which is contained within a robust environmental housing. The APSUS system can gather reliable solar UV spectral data from approximately April to October inclusive (depending on ambient temperature) in the UK. In this study the new APSUS unit and APSUS system are presented. Example solar UV spectra and diurnal UV Index values as measured by the APSUS system in London and Weymouth in the UK in summer 2012 are shown.
Coadministration of protoxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis with metacestode extract confers protective immunity to murine cysticercosis
Authors: Ibarra‐Moreno S. , García‐Hernández A. L. , Moreno‐Fierros L. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin (pCry1Ac) is a promising mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that induces protective immunity against Naegleria fowleri and malaria infection models. We determined whether pCry1Ac acted as a protective adjuvant against infection with Taenia crassiceps. BALB/C mice were thrice i.p. immunized with (i) pCry1Ac, (ii) metacestode extract, (iii) extract + pCry1Ac or (iv) vehicle, challenged with metacestodes on day 26 and then sacrificed 35 days later. Cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity were counted, while the serum antibody response and cytokines were analysed after immunization and during infection. Only immunization with pCry1Ac plus extract conferred a significant protection (up to 47%). This group presented fluctuating antibody peaks during infection and the highest IgG1 and IgM titres. Immunization with extract alone elicited high IgG1 and the highest IgG2a responses after 25 days of infection, while nonimmunized mice presented a poor, mixed‐Th1/Th2 response during infection. Sharp peaks of TNFα and IFN‐γ occurred immediately after the first immunization with extract, especially in the presence of pCry1Ac, but not after the challenge, while in the control and pCry1Ac‐alone groups, cytokines were only detected after the challenge. The data support the protective‐adjuvant effect of co‐administration of pCry1Ac in cysticercosis.
Red blood cell antigen portrait of self‐identified Black donors in Quebec
Authors: St‐Louis M. , Constanzo‐Yanez J. , Éthier C. , Lavoie J. , Deschênes É. , Perreault J. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYObjectivesThe goal of this study was to establish a red blood cell antigen portrait of self‐identified Black donors for the province of Quebec, Canada.BackgroundThe demand for extensively phenotyped red blood cells is on the rise. A good example is the sickle cell patient cohort. To better answer their transfusion needs, Héma‐Québec put forward great efforts to increase the recruitment of donors among cultural communities.Materials and MethodsIn October 2009, an optional question was added on the record of donation to indicate the donor's ethnicity. Self‐identified Black donors were extensively phenotyped by the Immunohematology Laboratory, whereas the Research and Development team genotyped red blood cell antigens to complete the picture.ResultsApproximately 1500 self‐identified Black donors have donated blood at least once since the beginning of the programme. Genotyping results predicted rare phenotypes: 18 S−s− (3 U−, 15 U+w), 15 Js(a+b−), 5 Hy−, 3 Jo(a−), 34 hrB+w/− and 15 hrB−.ConclusionThese Black donors, with or without a rare phenotype, are precious to the patient cohort depending on blood transfusions and to our organisation as the blood provider for the whole province of Quebec.
A pair of receptor‐like kinases is responsible for natural variation in shoot growth response to mannitol treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Trontin Charlotte , Kiani Seifollah , Corwin Jason A. , Hématy Kian , Yansouni Jennifer , Kliebenstein Dan J. , Loudet Olivier 
Published: January 2014

SummaryGrowth is a complex trait that adapts to the prevailing conditions by integrating many internal and external signals. Understanding the molecular origin of this variation remains a challenging issue. In this study, natural variation of shoot growth under mannitol‐induced stress was analyzed by standard quantitative trait locus mapping methods in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the Col‐0 and Cvi‐0 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cloning of a major QTL specific to mannitol‐induced stress condition led to identification of EGM1 and EGM2, a pair of tandem‐duplicated genes encoding receptor‐like kinases that are potentially involved in signaling of mannitol‐associated stress responses. Using various genetic approaches, we identified two non‐synonymous mutations in the EGM2[Cvi] allele that are shared by at least ten accessions from various origins and are probably responsible for a specific tolerance to mannitol. We have shown that the enhanced shoot growth phenotype contributed by the Cvi allele is not linked to generic osmotic properties but instead to a specific chemical property of mannitol itself. This result raises the question of the function of such a gene in A. thaliana, a species that does not synthesize mannitol. Our findings suggest that the receptor‐like kinases encoded by EGM genes may be activated by mannitol produced by pathogens such as fungi, and may contribute to plant defense responses whenever mannitol is present.
Draft Genome Sequence of Advenella kashmirensis Strain W13003, a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Jin Decai , Zhou Lisha , Wu Liang , An Wei , Zhao Lin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Advenella kashmirensis
strain W13003 is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium isolated from PAH-contaminated marine sediments. Here, we report the 4.8-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, which will provide insights into the diversity of
A. kashmirensis
and the mechanism of PAH degradation in the marine environment.
V-ATPase Inhibition Regulates Anoikis Resistance and Metastasis of Cancer Cells
Authors: Schempp Christina M. , von Schwarzenberg Karin , Schreiner Laura , Kubisch Rebekka , Müller Rolf , Wagner Ernst , Vollmar Angelika M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Fighting metastasis is a major challenge in cancer therapy and novel therapeutic targets and drugs are highly appreciated. Resistance of invasive cells to anoikis, a particular type of apoptosis induced by loss of cell–matrix contact, is a major prerequisite for their metastatic spread. Inducing anoikis in metastatic cancer cells is therefore a promising therapeutic approach. The vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase), a proton pump located at the membrane of acidic organelles, has recently come to focus as an antimetastatic cancer target. As V-ATPase inhibitors have shown to prevent invasion of tumor cells and are able to induce apoptosis, we proposed that V-ATPase inhibition induces anoikis-related pathways in invasive cancer cells. We used the V-ATPase inhibitor archazolid to investigate the mechanism of anoikis induction in various metastatic cancer cells (T24, MDA-MB-231, 4T1, 5637) in vitro. Anoikis induction by archazolid was characterized by decreased c-FLIP expression and caspase-8 activation as well as reduction of active integrin-β1 and an early increase of the proapoptotic protein BIM. However, we observed that archazolid also induces mechanisms opposing anoikis such as degradation of BIM mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt and Src kinases at later time points and induction of reactive oxygen species. Still, intravenous injection of archazolid-treated 4T1-Luc2 mouse breast cancer cells resulted in reduced metastasis in mouse lungs. Thus, V-ATPase inhibition is not only an interesting option to reduce cancer metastasis, but also to better understand anoikis resistance and to find choices to fight against it. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(4); 926–37. ©2014 AACR.
Metformin Protects Endothelial Function in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through 5′ Adenosine Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase–Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor δ Pathway
Authors: Cheang Wai San , Tian Xiao Yu , Wong Wing Tak , Lau Chi Wai , Lee Susanna Sau-Tuen , Chen Zhen Yu , Yao Xiaoqiang , Wang Nanping , Huang Yu 
Published: January 2014

Objective—
5′ Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) interacts with peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ) to induce gene expression synergistically, whereas the activation of AMPK inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Whether the vascular benefits of antidiabetic drug metformin (AMPK activator) in diabetes mellitus and obesity is mediated by PPARδ remains unknown. We aim to investigate whether PPARδ is crucial for metformin in ameliorating ER stress and endothelial dysfunction induced by high-fat diet.

Approach and Results—

Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortae was measured on wire myograph. ER stress markers were determined by Western blotting. Superoxide production in mouse aortae and NO generation in mouse aortic endothelial cells were assessed by fluorescence imaging. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired and ER stress markers and superoxide level were elevated in aortae from high-fat diet–induced obese mice compared with lean mice. These effects of high-fat diet were reversed by oral treatment with metformin in diet-induced obese
PPARδ
wild-type mice but not in diet-induced obese
PPARδ
knockout littermates. Metformin and PPARδ agonist GW1516 reversed tunicamycin (ER stress inducer)-induced ER stress, oxidative stress, and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in mouse aortae as well as NO production in mouse aortic endothelial cells. Effects of metformin were abolished by cotreatment of GSK0660 (PPARδ antagonist), whereas effects of GW1516 were unaffected by compound C (AMPK inhibitor).

Conclusions—
Metformin restores endothelial function through inhibiting ER stress and oxidative stress and increasing NO bioavailability on activation of AMPK/PPARδ pathway in obese diabetic mice.
Thrombolysis in Patients With Mild Stroke
Authors: Greisenegger Stefan , Seyfang Leonhard , Kiechl Stefan , Lang Wilfried , Ferrari Julia 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
Apart from missing the approved time window of 4.5 hours, one frequent cause for withholding recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) treatment in patients with ischemic stroke is presentation with mild deficit on admission. We analyzed in a large cohort of patients whether rt-PA treatment is beneficial for this group of patients.

Methods—
From a total of 54 917 patients with ischemic stroke prospectively enrolled in the Austrian Stroke Unit Registry, 890 patients with mild deficit defined as ≤5 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale treated with and without rt-PA were matched for age, sex, prestroke disability, stroke severity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, stroke cause, and clinical stroke syndrome. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months. For data visualization, weighted averages of outcome differences were computed for all age severity combinations and mapped to a color. For quantification of effect sizes, numbers need to treat were calculated.

Results—

rt-PA–treated patients with mild deficit had a better outcome after 3 months compared with matched cases without rt-PA treatment (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.89;
P
<0.001). In rt-PA–treated patients with mild deficit, the numbers need to treat ranged from 8 to 14. Improvement achieved by rt-PA treatment was observed along the entire age range.

Conclusions—
In our study, intravenous rt-PA treatment was beneficial for patients with mild deficit. Given the observational nature of these results, our data might serve as an incentive for future randomized controlled trials to provide a basis for optimal patient selection.
Sir John Struthers (1823–1899), Professor of Anatomy in the University of Aberdeen (1863–1889), President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (1895–1897)
Authors: Kaufman MH 
Published: January 2014

Between 1841 and 1845 John Struthers attended both the University of Edinburgh and some of the various Extra-mural Schools of Medicine associated with Surgeons’ Hall. While a medical student he became a Member of the Hunterian Medical Society of Edinburgh and later was elected one of their Annual Presidents. He graduated with the MD Edin and obtained both the LRCS Edin and the FRCS Edin diplomas in 1845. Shortly afterwards he was invited to teach Anatomy in Dr Handyside’s Extra-mural School in Edinburgh. The College of Surgeons certified him to teach Anatomy in October 1847. He had two brothers, and all three read Medicine in Edinburgh. His younger brother, Alexander, died of cholera in the Crimea in 1855 while his older brother James, who had been a bachelor all his life, practised as a Consultant Physician in Leith Hospital, Edinburgh, until his death. When associated with Dr Handyside’s Extra-mural School in Edinburgh, John taught Anatomy there until he was elected to the Chair of Anatomy in Aberdeen in 1863. Much of his time was spent in Aberdeen teaching Anatomy and in upgrading the administrative facilities there. He resigned from this Chair in 1889 and subsequently was elected President of Leith Hospital from 1891 to 1897. This was in succession to his older brother, James, who had died in 1891. Later, he was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1895 to 1897 and acted as its Vice-President from 1897 until his death in 1899. In 1898, Queen Victoria knighted him. His youngest son, John William Struthers, was the only one of his clinically qualified sons to survive him and subsequently was elected President of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons from 1941 to 1943.
Increased alpha-9 human papillomavirus species viral load in human immunodeficiency virus positive women
Authors: Mbulawa Zizipho ZA , Johnson Leigh F , Marais Dianne J , Gustavsson Inger , Moodley Jennifer R , Coetzee David , Gyllensten Ulf , Williamson Anna-Lise 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPersistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased HR-HPV viral load are associated with the development of cancer. This study investigated the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, HIV viral load and CD4 count on the HR-HPV viral load; and also investigated the predictors of cervical abnormalities.MethodsParticipants were 292 HIV-negative and 258 HIV-positive women. HR-HPV viral loads in cervical cells were determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsHIV-positive women had a significantly higher viral load for combined alpha-9 HPV species compared to HIV-negative women (median 3.9 copies per cell compared to 0.63 copies per cell, P = 0.022). This was not observed for individual HPV types. HIV-positive women with CD4 counts >350/μl had significantly lower viral loads for alpha-7 HPV species (median 0.12 copies per cell) than HIV-positive women with CD4 ≤350/μl (median 1.52 copies per cell, P = 0.008), but low CD4 count was not significantly associated with increased viral load for other HPV species. High viral loads for alpha-6, alpha-7 and alpha-9 HPV species were significant predictors of abnormal cytology in women.ConclusionHIV co-infection significantly increased the combined alpha-9 HPV viral load in women but not viral loads for individual HPV types. High HR-HPV viral load was associated with cervical abnormal cytology.
Is inhibitory control a ‘no-go’ in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder?
Authors: Vara Anji S , Pang Elizabeth W , Doyle-Thomas Krissy AR , Vidal Julie , Taylor Margot J , Anagnostou Evdokia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by social communication deficits, repetitive behaviours, and restrictive interests. Impaired inhibition has been suggested to exacerbate the core symptoms of ASD. This is particularly critical during adolescence when social skills are maturing to adult levels. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we identified the location and timing pattern of neural activity associated with inhibition in adolescents with autism, compared to typically developing adolescents.

Methods
The MEG data from 15 adolescents with ASD and 15 age-matched controls (13 to 17 years) were collected during a go/no-go task with inverse ratios of go/no-go trials in two conditions: an inhibition condition (1:2) and a baseline condition (2:1). No-go trials from the two conditions were analyzed using beamformer source localizations from 200 ms to 400 ms post-stimulus onset. Significant activations were determined using permutation testing.

Results
Adolescents with ASD recruited first the right middle frontal gyrus (200 to 250 ms) followed by the left postcentral gyrus (250 to 300 ms) and finally the left middle frontal and right medial frontal gyri (300 to 400 ms). Typically developing adolescents recruited first the left middle frontal gyrus (200 to 250 ms), followed by the left superior and inferior frontal gyri (250 to 300 ms), then the right middle temporal gyrus (300 to 350 ms), and finally the superior and precentral gyri and right inferior lobule (300 to 400 ms).

Conclusions
Adolescents with ASD showed recruitment limited largely to the frontal cortex unlike typically developing adolescents who recruited parietal and temporal regions as well. These findings support the presence of an atypical, restricted inhibitory network in adolescents with ASD compared to controls.