bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Outcomes of Uncomplicated Primary Open Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Chalayon Ornusa , Wang Bibo , Blankenhorn Brad , Jackson J. Benjamin , Beals Timothy , Nickisch Florian , Saltzman Charles L. 
Published: May 2015

Background: The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing operative outcomes in straightforward, uncomplicated open ankle fusions. Methods: We reviewed all primary open ankle fusions conducted at 1 institution over an 11-year period to identify straightforward, uncomplicated open ankle fusions. Inclusion required a minimum of 6 months follow-up. Patients were excluded for neuropathic arthropathy, insensate limb, failed total ankle replacement, simultaneous arthrodesis of the subtalar joint, or fusions performed within 1 year of injury to salvage failed fixation and painful function due to (1) open fractures, (2) segmental bone loss greater than 1 cm, (3) infection, or (4) talar body fractures. The primary outcome variable was radiographic union at 6 months. Other operative complications were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Five hundred twenty-eight ankle fusion surgeries were performed on 440 patients at 1 institution during the study period. Two hundred fifteen surgeries met inclusion/exclusion eligibility criteria for uncomplicated open ankle fusions. Results: The overall union rate was 91%. In this cohort of uncomplicated open ankle fusions, bivariate analysis over a broad range of potential factors and further focused multivariate analysis found that nonunion was more than 3 times more likely to occur after previous subtalar fusion, and 2 times more likely to occur in patients with preoperative varus ankle alignment. The rate of reoperation was 19%, with nonunion revision as the leading reason, followed by hardware removal and incision and drainage for presumed infection. Diabetes was not a significant risk factor of either deep or superficial infection. Conclusion: Open ankle fusion failed in 9% of uncomplicated ankles with arthritis. Patients who had an open ankle fusion done after previous subtalar joint fusion, as well as those who had preoperative varus ankle alignment, had a significantly higher rate of nonunion. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Real-World Medical Cost Avoidance When New Oral Anticoagulants are Used Versus Warfarin for Venous Thromboembolism in the United States
Authors: Amin Alpesh , Bruno Amanda , Trocio Jeffrey , Lin Jay , Lingohr-Smith Melissa 
Published: May 2015

Objective: Real-world medical cost avoidances from a US payer perspective were estimated when new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are used instead of warfarin for the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: Reductions in real-world event rates of recurrent VTE and MB were obtained by applying rate reductions from the NOACs versus warfarin trials to the Worcester population. Incremental annual medical costs among patients with VTE and MB from a US payer perspective were obtained from the literature or claims databases. Differences in total medical costs for patients treated with NOACs versus warfarin were then estimated. Univariate and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were additionally carried out. Results: The annual total medical cost avoidances versus warfarin were greatest for VTE patients treated with apixaban (−US$4440 per patient-year [ppy]), followed by those treated with rivaroxaban (−US$2971 ppy), edoxaban (−US$1957 ppy), and dabigatran (−US$572 ppy). The medical cost avoidances remained consistent under sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Based on real-world data, when any of the evaluated NOACs are used instead of warfarin for treatment of patients with acute VTE, annual medical costs are reduced. Of the NOACs, apixaban has the greatest real-world medical cost avoidance, as its use is associated with substantial reductions in both VTE and MB event rates.
Monoclonal antibodies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , O’Brien Susan , Ravandi Farhad , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
With modern intensive combination polychemotherapy, the complete response (CR) rate in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is 80% to 90%, and the cure rate is 40% to 50%. Hence, there is a need to develop effective salvage therapies and combine novel agents with standard effective chemotherapy. ALL leukemic cells express several surface antigens amenable to target therapies, including CD20, CD22, and CD19. Monoclonal antibodies target these leukemic surface antigens selectively and minimize off-target toxicity. When added to frontline chemotherapy, rituximab, an antibody directed against CD20, increases cure rates of adults with Burkitt leukemia from 40% to 80% and those with pre-B ALL from 35% to 50%. Inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22 monoclonal antibody bound to calicheamicin, has resulted in marrow CR rates of 55% and a median survival of 6 to 7 months when given to patients with refractory-relapsed ALL. Blinatumomab, a biallelic T cell engaging the CD3-CD19 monoclonal antibody, also resulted in overall response rates of 40% to 50% and a median survival of 6.5 months in a similar refractory-relapsed population. Other promising monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 (ofatumumab and obinutuzumab) or CD19 or CD20 and bound to different cytotoxins or immunotoxins are under development. Combined modalities of chemotherapy and the novel monoclonal antibodies are under investigation.
Influence of erythropoietin on microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells protecting renal function of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Yan , Lu Xingyan , He Juan , Zhao Weihong 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a central role in the remediation of cell and tissue damage. Erythropoietin (EPO) may enhance the beneficial influence of MSCs during recovery from tissue and organ injuries. Microvesicles (MVs) released from MSCs contribute to the restoration of kidney damage. We studied the influence of EPO on MVs derived from MSCs, and the protective effects of these factors in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
The MVs derived from untreated MSCs (MSC-MVs) or from MSCs incubated in different concentrations of EPO (1, 10, 100, and 500 IU/ml EPO-MVs) were used to treat renal injury of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis in a human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cell line in vitro. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were used to evaluate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in the renal tissue and HK2 cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis within the HK2 cells, and microRNA (miRNA) microarray assays were used to determine the expression profiles of miRNA in the MSC-MVs and EPO-MVs.

Results
Compared to MSC-MVs (untreated), there was a significant increase in the number of EPO-MVs derived from MSCs treated with 1–100 IU/ml EPO, and these EPO-MVs had a greater benefit in UUO mice on days 7 and 14. Moreover, the EPO-MVs had a better restorative effect following TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in HK2 cells at 24 h and 48 h. The flow cytometry results revealed that both types of MVs, especially EPO-MVs, play an important anti-apoptotic role in HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1. The miRNA profiles of the MVs revealed that EPO-MVs changed 212 miRNAs (fold-change ≥ 1.5), including miR-299, miR-499, miR-302, and miRNA-200, and that 70.28 % of these changes involved upregulation. The changed miRNA in EPO-MVs may have contributed to their enhanced protective effects following renal injury compared to MSC-MVs.

Conclusions
There was a dose-dependent increase in the level of EPO-MVs within the range of 1–100 IU/ml EPO. Although both MSC-MVs and EPO-MVs protect the kidney from fibrosis-related damage, there is a superior effect of EPO-MVs.
Nck adaptor proteins modulate differentiation and effector function of T cells
Authors: Lu Kun-Hui , Keppler Selina , Leithäuser Frank , Mattfeldt Torsten , Castello Angelo , Kostezka Ulrike , Küblbeck Günter , Schmitt Sabine , Klevenz Alexandra , Prokosch Sandra , Pougialis Georg , Pawson Tony , Batista Facundo , Tafuri Anna , Arnold Bernd 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating T cell reactivity is required for successful reprogramming of immune responses in medical conditions, characterized by dysfunctions of the immune system. Nck proteins are cytoplasmic adaptors mediating diverse cellular functions, including TCR signaling. By enhancing TCR signal strength, Nck proteins influence thymic selection and regulate the size and sensitivity of the peripheral T cell repertoire. Here, we investigated the contribution of Nck proteins to CD4+ T cell differentiation and effector function using Nck.T−/− mice. Impaired GC formation and reduced Tfh were observed in Nck.T−/− mice after immunization with T cell-dependent antigens. Th2/Tfh-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-21, were decreased in Nck.T−/− mice T cells. Moreover, an increased susceptibility to cell death of Tfh cells in Nck.T−/− mice was associated with decreased levels of Akt phosphorylation. As a result of this dysregulation in Tfh cells of Nck.T−/− mice, we found impaired production and affinity maturation of antibodies against T cell-dependent antigens. Thus, Nck proteins not only participate in thymic selection and generation of the peripheral T cell repertoire but also are involved in the differentiation and effector functions of CD4+ T cells.
Agomelatine or placebo as adjunctive therapy to a mood
stabiliser in bipolar I depression: Randomised double-blind
placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Yatham Lakshmi N. , Vieta Eduard , Goodwin Guy M. , Bourin Michel , de Bodinat Christian , Laredo Judith , Calabrese Joseph 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAdjunctive antidepressant therapy is commonly used to treat acute bipolar
depression but few studies have examined this strategy.AimsTo examine the efficacy of agomelatine v. placebo as
adjuncts to lithium or valproate in bipolar depression.MethodPatients who were currently depressed despite taking lithium or valproate
for at least 6 weeks were randomised to treatment with agomelatine
(n = 172) or placebo (n = 172) for 8
weeks of acute therapy and 44 weeks of continuation therapy (trial
registration: ISRCTN28588282).ResultsNo significant differences in improvement of depressive symptoms were
observed between the two groups either at 8 weeks or 52 weeks on the
primary efficacy measure of change in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating
Scale scores from baseline to end-point. Adverse events including
switches into mania/hypomania were low and similar in both groups.ConclusionsAgomelatine adjunctive therapy was not superior to placebo adjunctive
therapy for acute bipolar depression.
Once Again on Personnel Management Paradigm and Philosophy
Authors: Кибанов  , Kibanov Ardalon 
Published: May 2015

Basic features of the personnel management paradigm are considered along with the groups of management theories on which the paradigm is based.
A suggestion is made to rename in Russian professional literature the group of “human resources” theories into “resources of human” to avoid ambiguity in
the interpretation of the essence of these theories. The terminology of the personnel management sphere is clari ed.The substitution of “personnel management”
concept with “human resources management” distorts the content of the personnel management process; hence sometimes equates person to the resource.
Essentially the person is not a resource, but the bearer of resources (intellectual resources). A human is the creator of the resources he produces for constructive
activity. The article characterizes the factors in uencing personnel in the process of labor activity, reveals the essence of the concept of “hard management”,
and provides basic features of philosophy of personnel management in Russian organizations. The development of science and training system in personnel
management is evaluated.
Improvement of Personnel Office Administration As an Anti-Recessionary Measure of Reduction of Expenses and Potential Losses of Organization
Authors: Рязанцева  , Ryazantseva Margarita , Субочева  , Subocheva A. 
Published: May 2015

This article assesses the problem of organizations’ compliance to labor legislation. It demonstrates results of the analysis which was carried out to evaluate the
dynamics of the employers’ violations of the labor legislation revealed by the State Labor Inspection of Moscow. The data of 2011-2014 suggests that the number
of violations had increased. Moreover, the article speci es several changes in the legislation regulating responsibility of employers at labor law. Attention is
drawn to the fact that one of the possible ways to prepare for revisions carried out by State Labor Inspection is the audit of the Personnel Office administration.
Taking into account a signi cant increase in the size of penalties for violations of the labor legislation, the article substantiates the anti-recessionary role of
Personnel Office administration and the necessity of its audit; and gives practical recommendations for procedures of Personnel Office administration audit.
Wstęp do obiektowej analizy czasownika aller w konstrukcjach z określnikami temporalnymi dla celów tłumaczenia automatycznego francusko- polskiego
Authors: Hrabia Michał 
Published: May 2015

Introduction to object analysis of the verb aller in constructions with temporal markers, for the purposes of French-Polish machine translation
The paper presents the preliminary results of an object-oriented disambiguation of the French verb aller ‘to go’, performed for the purpose of machine translation. The first part introduces the theoretical foundations of the object-oriented method proposed by Wiesław Banyś, and the principles of word sense disambiguation. The second part is an analysis of the different uses of the verb aller accompanied by temporal markers (weekdays, specific temporal markers and frequency markers). By using concrete examples, the author tries to discover the linguistic conditions which determine whether the translation of the analyzed verb should be jechać (the semelfactive form) or jeździć (the iterative form). The results of the research are presented in four syntactic-semantic schemes, i.e. in one of the descriptive formats used in the object-oriented approach.
Jak badać samogłoski metodami akustycznymi?
Authors: Rybka Piotr 
Published: May 2015

How to study vowels using acoustic methods? A proposal of a method based on relative formant frequencies and the cardinal vowels model
The first part of the paper proposes a method of studying (or, more precisely, of recognizing) oral vowels, using the so-called relative formant frequencies. First, we describe the traditional method of acoustic study of oral vowels, together with its limitations. Next, we introduce the assumptions of the proposed method where, unlike in the traditional approach, a set of fixed models is used. The comparison, instead of being reduced to establishing whether two sets of vowels match, requires a distance to be calculated between each vowel and each model. The paper introduces the notion of relative formant frequency (denoted f′) which was used in the comparisons to minimize the impact of individual articulatory variation on the outcome of the analysis. It was defined as the proportion between, on the one hand, the difference between the absolute frequency of the given formant, and its minimal value observed in actual pronunciations, and on the other hand, the difference between the minimal and the maximal frequency of the formant, as observed in pronunciations. In order to establish the f′ of model vowels, we used the cardinal vowels pronounced by several British phoneticians (including Daniel Jones).
Czy fajny jest fajny? Współczesne leksemy młodzieżowe o znaczeniu ‘taki, który mi się (bardzo) podoba’
Authors: Ochmann Donata 
Published: May 2015

Is fajny ‘cool’ cool? Modern teenage lexemes meaning ‘such that I like (a lot)’
The paper examines the functioning of a very numerous group of lexemes synonymous to the adjective fajny ‘such that I like (a lot)’, which can be found in the language of contemporary teenagers, e.g. fajowy, super, spoko, cool, słit (sweet), odjazdowy, wypasiony, epicki, zajebisty, zacny. It analyses the conditions and methods used to multiply this category of lexemes in the teenage slang – which has these days a powerful impact on general Polish. The points of reference are the phenomena characteristic of slang: expressiveness, fashion, richness of synonyms and tautonyms. These questions are considered against the background of current cultural and linguistic changes (structural processes, borrowing, colloquialization, vulgarization and devulgarization, word play).
Raczył Łukasza Górnickiego w świetle teorii kultury języka autora Dworzanina polskiego
Authors: Tutak Kinga 
Published: May 2015

Łukasz Górnicki’s Raczył ‘He deigned’ in the light of the linguistic culture theory of the author of Dworzanin polski ‘The Polish courtier’
The paper consists of three parts. The first one introduces the basic assumptions of the linguistic culture theory, the first Polish linguistic guide, as it was reconstructed on the basis of Łukasz Górnicki’s Dworzanin polski ‘The Polish courtier’ (1566). The second part discusses Górnicki’s miniature Raczył ‘He deigned’ (1598) which, too, is evidence of his interest in linguistic matters. The paper draws attention to the rhetoric shape of the work which, as a whole, follows the convention of a judicial speech. The third part of the paper presents the results of a study of the verb raczyć, based on a dictionary query.
Методика и критерии идентификации полонизмов литовского языка
Authors: Kregždys Rolandas 
Published: May 2015

The methodology and criteria of identification of Polish loanwords in Lithuanian
The article examines the methodology and criteria of identification of Polish loan words in Lithuanian. Also etymology, peculiar developments, and trends in the infiltration of these borrowings are discussed. The following conclusions are proposed based on our analysis: 1) Polonisms in Lithuanian can be divided into three groups, based on the principles of (α) establishing the primary source of the variants of the Lithuanian word (through areal distribution), and (β) the words’ phonetic, morphological and semantic identity (correlated with the modulation of α). Also taken into account are peculiarities in the usage of the primary forms (not necessarily in the inherited layer) on the West Slavic ground, and their secondary variants in the East Slavic languages (based on the influence of factors α and β). The resulting three groups are: I. mo n o g e n i c (i.e. homogenous, not represented in the vocabulary of the East Slavic languages (based on factor α)), II. i n d e t e r m i n a t e (due to the presence of variants of loanwords from Polish in East Slavic vocabulary (factor α) in different time periods), III. a l t e r n a t i v e (III.1. forms belonging to the inherited layer, characteristic of Polish and one of the East Slavic languages (with regard to factor α); III.2. doublet variants of foreign origin, derived from a different primary source; III.3. Semipolonisms). 2) The kg digraph is one of the crucial characteristics that allows Polish loanwords in Lithuanian to be divided into the monogenic, indeterminate, and alternative. It is attested in the structure of Old Belorussian lexemes, and it reflects the phonetic feature of the Belorussian explosive velar consonant г /g/ in loanwords and in words of the inherited layer, in combinations with other consonants: зг, дзг, and джг. 3) Spirantization of the West Slavic sonant *ȓ (> ř /ź/ or /ś/), when the temporal factor is taken into account (the process operated till the 17th c.), is a feature of paramount importance as it allows Lithuanian words to be identified and attributed to either Polish or Belorussian. 4) The phenomenon of vocalization of the Polish lateral sonant ł (the shift to /ṷ/), also known as vavation, is reflected in those loanwords in Lithuanian which belong to a later period, in dialectal forms, and also in Belorussian lexemes, and it regulates the division of borrowings into Polonisms and Belorussianisms. 5) When attributing loanwords based on differences in vowels, it is their place in the system that should be considered, not their pronunciation. 6) The etymological status of the borrowing is determined by a match between the semantic value of the word in Lithuanian, and the original form in the West and/or East Slavic languages. 7) The fact that the Polish etymon is itself of East Slavic origin, has no influence on the establishing of the status of Polonism for a borrowing into Lithuanian (so-called secondary Polonisms).
Projekt akustycznej bazy danych gwar mazowieckich
Authors: Garczyńska Justyna 
Published: May 2015

A project of an acoustich data base of Mazovian dialects
The paper presents a project of an acoustic data base of Mazovian dialects, and shows how modern research methods of acoustic phonetics can be employed in dialectological practice. The projected data base is going to contain objective data, independent of the researcher’s hearing, in the form of target values of the first two formants for both stressed and unstressed oral vowels in various consonant contexts. The base is going to contain about 60,000 realizations. It is also going to be supplied with rich metadata, such as dialect, subdialect, place of birth of the speakers, their age, gender and education, the date and source of the recording. The base is going to be accessed through a search engine capable of executing complex queries, and it is going to contain a library of graphs and statistical data illustrating the informants’ pronunciation. These data will allow for automated comparisons to be performed between the dialectal and the general Polish realizations of vowels, thus revealing the contemporary state of the vocalism of Mazovian dialects, and making it possible to verify the previous findings.
Pies wierny, ale uciążliwy, czyli rzecz o metaforze (Leśmiana i nie tylko)
Authors: Muskat-Tabakowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2015

A dog loyal but tiresome: on metaphor in Leśmian’s poetry and beyond
The paper is a polemical commentary on Wacław Cockiewicz’s monograph Metaforyka Leśmiana (Analiza lingwistyczna). [Metaphors in Leśmian’s poetry (A linguistic analysis)]. It is claimed that although the author of the book rejects as inadequate the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by George Lakoff and his followers, some of his tacit assumptions actually follow its premises. On the other hand, lack of coherent methodology and erroneous treatment of metaphor as the relation of equivalence (A equals B) result in incoherent or downright incorrect interpretation of many metaphors selected for analysis. Individual items from the corpus are presented in alphabetical order, without concern for either the level of their specificity or their semantic cognation. In effect, their systematicity is often missed. Moreover, in some cases Cockiewicz finds himself unable to interpret Leśmian’s metaphors, and thus his final conclusions – though intuitively correct and partially corroborated by some of the analyses – are undermined.
Social media and the #Occupy Nigeria Protests: Igniting or damping a Harmattan storm?
Authors: Egbunike Nwachukwu , Olorunnisola Anthony 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study compared social media (new media) and newspapers’ framing of the January 2012 #Occupy Nigeria Protest. Authors employed content analysis to investigate similarities and differences in the frames adopted by social media (Facebook page, blogs, conversations in Nairaland and Twitter) and three national newspapers (the Nigerian Tribune, The Guardian and The Punch) during the protest. Findings show that the old media fared better than the social media in their framing of the motivation, diagnosis and prognosis of the protest. This study established that representatives of the old media were better contributors to the prosecution and/or discourse of the Occupy Nigeria Protests than the social media.