bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of peri‐operative blood transfusion on the outcomes of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Kluth Luis A. , Xylinas Evanguelos , Rieken Malte , El Ghouayel Maya , Sun Maxine , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Lotan Yair , Chun Felix K.‐H. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Lee Richard K. , Briganti Alberto , Rouprêt Morgan , Fisch Margit , Scherr Douglas S. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To determine the association between peri‐operative blood transfusion (PBT) and oncological outcomes in a large multi‐institutional cohort of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).
Patients and Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2895 patients treated with RC for UCB.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to analyse the effect of PBT administration on disease recurrence, cancer‐specific mortality, and any‐cause mortality.
Results
Patients' median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 67 (60, 73) years and the median (IQR) follow‐up was 36.1 (15, 84) months.
Patients who received PBT were more likely to have advanced disease (P < 0.001), high grade tumours (P = 0.047) and nodal metastasis (P = 0.004).
PBT was associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence (P = 0.003), cancer‐specific mortality (P = 0.017), and any‐cause mortality (P = 0.010) in univariable, but not multivariable, analyses (P > 0.05).
In multivariable analyses, pathological tumour stage, pathological nodal stage, soft tissue surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy were independent predictors of disease recurrence, cancer‐specific mortality and any‐cause mortality (all P values <0.002).
Conclusions
Patients with UCB who underwent RC and received PBT had a greater risk of disease recurrence, cancer‐specific mortality and any‐cause mortality in univariable, but not multivariable, analysis.
Although the greater need for PBT with more advanced disease is probably caused by a number of factors, including surgical and cancer‐related factors, the present analysis showed that the disease characteristics rather than need for PBT led to worse outcomes.
Validation of pretreatment neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in a European cohort of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Dalpiaz Orietta , Ehrlich Georg C. , Mannweiler Sebastian , Hernández Jessica M.Martín , Gerger Armin , Stojakovic Tatjana , Pummer Karl , Zigeuner Richard , Pichler Martin , Hutterer Georg C. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To investigate the potential prognostic significance of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a large European cohort of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT‐UCC).
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated data from 202 consecutive patients with non‐metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT‐UCC), who underwent surgery between 1990 and 2012 at a single tertiary academic centre.
Patients' cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method.
To evaluate the independent prognostic significance of the NLR, multivariate proportional Cox regression models were applied for both endpoints.
Results
A higher NLR was significantly associated with shorter CSS (P = 0.002, log‐rank test), as well as with shorter OS (P < 0.001, log‐rank test).
Multivariate analysis identified a high NLR as an independent prognostic factor for patients' CSS (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% CI 1.25–5.93, P = 0.012), and OS (hazard ratio 2.48, 95% CI 1.31–4.70, P = 0.005).
Conclusions
In the present cohort, patients with a high preoperative NLR had higher cancer‐specific and overall mortality after radical surgery for UUT‐UCC, compared with those with a low preoperative NLR.
This easily identifiable laboratory measure should be considered as an additional prognostic factor in UUT‐UCC in future.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy in patients with metastatic non‐clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: Aizer Ayal A. , Urun Yuksel , McKay Rana R. , Kibel Adam S. , Nguyen Paul L. , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To determine whether patients with metastatic non‐clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN).
Patients and Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme to identify a population‐based sample of 4914 patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC between 2000 and 2009.
Of the 4914 patients, 591 had non‐clear‐cell histology.
The median follow‐up was 20 months.
The primary outcome measure was RCC‐specific mortality.
Results
Approximately 64% of patients underwent CN.
Patients with non‐clear‐cell histology who underwent CN had lower RCC‐specific and all‐cause mortality than those who did not (P < 0.001 in both cases).
After adjustment for age, gender, race, marital status, year of diagnosis, geographical location and histology, the associations between CN and lower RCC‐specific mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.80, P < 0.001) and between CN and all‐cause mortality (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.37–0.55, P < 0.001) remained highly significant.
Among patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2009 (targeted therapy era), the results remained unchanged (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.72, P < 0.001 and HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31–0.59, P < 0.001, respectively).
An interaction model found lower all‐cause mortality for all histologies after CN.
Conclusions
Patients from the SEER programme with metastatic non‐clear‐cell RCC, including those treated in the targeted therapy era, appear to derive a survival benefit from CN, an association which remained significant regardless of histological subtype.
This observation suggests that CN should remain standard in patients with advanced RCC who are deemed to be surgical candidates.
Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin prevents peripheral HMGB1‐dependent hyperalgesia in rats
Authors: Tanaka Junichi , Seki Yukari , Ishikura Hiroyasu , Tsubota Maho , Sekiguchi Fumiko , Yamaguchi Kaoru , Murai Akira , Umemura Takehiro , Kawabata Atsufumi 
Published: September 2013

Background and PurposeHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, is actively or passively released during inflammation. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM), a medicine for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sequesters HMGB1 and promotes its degradation. Given evidence for involvement of HMGB1 in pain signalling, we determined if peripheral HMGB1 causes hyperalgesia, and then asked if rhsTM modulates the HMGB1‐dependent hyperalgesia.Experimental ApproachMechanical nociceptive threshold and swelling in rat hindpaw were determined by the paw pressure test and by measuring paw thickness, respectively, and HMGB1 levels in rat hindpaw plantar tissue, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and serum were determined by Western blotting or elisa.Key ResultsIntraplantar (i.pl.) administration of HMGB1 rapidly evoked paw swelling and gradually caused hyperalgesia in rats. Systemic administration of rhsTM abolished HMGB1‐induced hyperalgesia, and partially blocked paw swelling. LPS, administered i.pl., rapidly produced mild paw swelling, and gradually caused hyperalgesia. The anti‐HMGB1 neutralizing antibody abolished LPS‐induced hyperalgesia, but partially inhibited paw swelling. rhsTM at a high dose, 10 mg kg−1, prevented both hyperalgesia and paw swelling caused by LPS. In contrast, rhsTM at low doses, 0.001–1 mg kg−1, abolished the LPS‐induced hyperalgesia, but not paw swelling. HMGB1 levels greatly decreased in the hindpaw, but not DRG. Serum HMGB1 tended to increase after i.pl. LPS in rats pretreated with vehicle, but not rhsTM.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese data suggest that peripheral HMGB1 causes hyperalgesia, and that rhsTM abolishes HMGB1‐dependent hyperalgesia, providing novel evidence for therapeutic usefulness of rhsTM as an analgesic.
Enhanced heat shock protein 25 immunoreactivity in cranial nerve motoneurons and their related fiber tracts in rats prenatally‐exposed to X‐irradiation
Authors: Sawada Kazuhiko , Saito Shigeyoshi , Horiuchi‐Hirose Miwa , Murase Kenya 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlterations in histoarchitecture of the brainstem were examined immunohistochemically in 4‐week‐old rats with a single whole body X‐irradiation at a dose of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 Gy on embryonic day (ED) 15 using anti‐heat shock protein 25 (HSP25). HSP25 immunostaining was seen in the neuronal perikarya of cranial nerve motoneurons, that is, the motor and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, facial nucleus, abducens nucleus and accessory facial nucleus in the pons, and the ambiguous nucleus, dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve and hypoglossus nucleus in the medulla oblongata of intact controls. In 0.5 to 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats, HSP25 immunostaining in those neurons was more intense than in controls, while the most intense immunostaining was marked in 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats. HSP25 immunostaining was also apparent in the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve tracts in 0.5 to 1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats, but was faint in controls. Interestingly, HSP25 immunostaining was aberrantly enhanced in dendritic arbors in the magnocellular region of medial vestibular nucleus of 0.5–1.5 Gy‐irradiated rats. Those arbors were identified as excitatory secondary vestibulo‐ocular neurons by double immunofluorescence for HSP25 and SMI‐32. The results suggest an increase of HSP25 expression in cranial nerve motoneurons and their related fiber tracts from prenatal exposure to ionizing irradiation. This may be an adaptive response to chronic hypoxia due to malformed brain arteries caused by prenatal ionizing irradiation.
Growth patterns of patients with 1p36 deletion syndrome
Authors: Sangu Noriko , Shimojima Keiko , Shimada Shino , Ando Tomohiro , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2013

Abstract1p36 deletion syndrome is one of the most common subtelomeric deletion syndromes. Obesity is frequently observed in patients with this syndrome. Thus, it is important to evaluate the growth status of an individual patient. For this purpose, we accumulated recorded growth data from 44 patients with this syndrome and investigated the growth patterns of patients. Most of the patients showed weight parameters within normal limits, whereas a few of these patients showed intrauterine growth delay and microcephaly. The length of the patients after birth was under the 50th centile in most patients. Many patients showed poor weight gain after birth, and only two female patients were overweight. These findings indicate two different phenotypes of the 1p36 deletion syndrome. The overweight patients with 1p36 deletion started excessive weight gain after two years of life. This characteristic of the patients with 1p36 deletion syndrome is similar to Prader‐Willi syndrome.
Preliminary Report on the Outcome of Tilted Implants with Longer Lengths (20–25 mm) in Low‐Density Bone: One‐Year Follow‐Up of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando , Rodrigues Rolando 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this preliminary study was to report on the short‐term outcome of tilted implants with 20 to 25 mm of length in immediate function with bicortical anchorage for prosthetic rehabilitation of complete edentulous jaws with low‐density bone.Material and MethodsSixteen patients (with 25 study implants and 43 nonstudy implants) presenting low‐density bone were included in a prospective single cohort study to evaluate the short‐term outcome of partial and complete edentulous rehabilitations using implants with 20 to 25 mm of length (NobelSpeedy Groovy, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) in immediate function with bicortical anchorage (maxilla: alveolar ridge and nasal corticals; mandible: mandibular corticals). The patients were followed between 6 and 26 months (average of 14 months). Outcome measures were implant survival, marginal bone remodeling, biological and mechanical complications assessed at 10 days, 2, 4, and 6 months, 1‐year posttreatment, and thereafter every 6 months.ResultsTwo patients with four implants were lost to follow‐up after 6 and 11 months. There were no implant failures, rendering a cumulative implant survival rate of 100%. The average marginal bone remodeling was 0.50 mm (SD = 0.34 mm) and 0.86 mm (SD = 0.46 mm), after 6 months and 1 year, respectively. There was one mechanical complication in one patient (abutment loosening) 1 month post‐surgery.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the short‐term outcome of prosthetic rehabilitations of patients with low‐density bone using implants of 20 to 25 mm in length in immediate function with bicortical anchorage is viable judging by the high implant survival rate, low marginal bone remodeling, and low incidence of complications. Long‐term evaluation of these implants through studies using a prospective design is mandatory.
Extramaxillary Surgical Technique: Clinical Outcome of 352 Patients Rehabilitated with 747 Zygomatic Implants with a Follow‐Up between 6 Months and 7 Years
Authors: Maló Paulo , de Araújo Nobre Miguel , Lopes Armando , Ferro Ana , Moss Steven 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of zygomatic implants inserted in immediate function through the extramaxillary technique needs validation.PurposeTo report the outcome of rehabilitating 352 patients with complete edentulous atrophied maxillae using 747 zygomatic implants in immediate function inserted through the extramaxillary technique.Materials and MethodsThree hundred‐fifty‐two consecutive edentulous patients with atrophic maxillae were rehabilitated between 2006 and 2012 with 747 zygomatic implants and 795 conventional implants. Implant and prosthetic cumulative survival and success rates were estimated through Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator. Biological and prosthetic complications were recorded after 10 days; 2, 4, and 6 months; and thereafter every 6 months.ResultsForty‐three patients (12.2%) dropped‐out, one patient lost the prosthesis (cumulative survival rate = 99.7%), and four patients lost 7 zygomatic implants, rendering an estimated cumulative survival rate of 98.2% (Kaplan–Meier). Ten patients lost 17 conventional implants (patient‐specific and implant‐specific cumulative survival rates of 96.7% and 97.9%, respectively). Biological complications were observed in 80 patients (22.7%) and resolved in the majority of situations, rendering an estimated cumulative success rate of 94.4% at 7 years for zygomatic implants (Kaplan–Meier). Mechanical complications occurred in 156 patients (44%), with one‐third of these complications occurring in patients diagnosed with bruxism before the rehabilitation.ConclusionsThe rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae with zygomatic implants inserted through the extramaxillary technique in immediate function, alone or in combination with standard implants, is a viable procedure. Until the biomechanical aspects are more predictable and also because of the complexity of the surgical technique, this rehabilitation approach is not ready for every implant clinician to begin using in practice, and prior special training is recommended.
From outcome prediction to action selection: developmental change in the role of action–effect bindings
Authors: Verschoor Stephan A. , Spapé Michiel , Biro Szilvia , Hommel Bernhard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIdeomotor theory considers bidirectional action–effect associations to be the fundamental building blocks for intentional action. The present study employed a novel pupillometric and oculomotor paradigm to study developmental changes in the role of action‐effects in the acquisition of voluntary action. Our findings suggest that both 7‐ and 12‐month‐olds (and adults) can use acquired action–effect bindings to predict action outcomes but only 12‐month‐olds (and adults) showed evidence for employing action‐effects to select actions. This dissociation supports the idea that infants acquire action–effect knowledge before they have developed the cognitive machinery necessary to make use of that knowledge to perform intentional actions.
Resting gamma power is linked to reading ability in adolescents
Authors: Tierney Adam , Strait Dana L. , Kraus Nina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInfants who have more power within the gamma frequency range at rest develop better language and cognitive abilities over their first 3 years of life (Benasich et al., 2008). This positive trend may reflect the gradual increase in resting gamma power that peaks at about 4 years (Takano & Ogawa, 1998): infants further along the maturational curve may exhibit both increased resting gamma power and more advanced language and cognitive function. Similar to other neural characteristics such as synaptic density, resting gamma power subsequently decreases with further development into adulthood (Tierney, Strait, O'Connell & Kraus, 2013). If previously reported relationships between resting gamma power and behavioral performance reflect variance in maturation, at least in part, negative correlations between resting gamma and behavior may predominate in later developmental stages, during which resting gamma activity is decreasing. We tested this prediction by examining resting gamma activity and language‐dependent behavioral performance, reflected by a variety of reading‐related tests, in adolescents between the ages of 14 and 15 years. Consistent with our predictions, resting gamma power inversely related to every aspect of reading assessed (i.e. reading fluency, rapid naming, and basic reading proficiency). Our results suggest that resting gamma power acts as an index of maturational progress in adolescents.
Stress intensity factors calculation for surface crack in cylinders under longitudinal gradient pressure using general point load weight function
Authors: Saeidi Googarchin H. , Ghajar R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTGeneral point load weight function (GPLWF) for a longitudinal semi‐elliptical crack in a thick‐walled cylinder with outer radius to inner radius ratio of 1.25 is derived. GPLWF is used to calculate stress intensity factors (SIFs) for any point along the crack front with the crack faces subjected to uniform and longitudinal gradient internal pressure. The comparison between the results obtained from the GPLWF and those available in the literature is presented, indicating an acceptable accuracy. The proposed GPLWF can be easily used in order to calculate SIFs for surface crack in cylinders subjected to any longitudinal gradient mechanical and thermal load to determine the pattern of crack growth and estimate the fatigue life.
Dry mouth and denture plaque microflora in complete denture and palatal obturator prosthesis wearers
Authors: Murakami Mamoru , Nishi Yasuhiro , Seto Katsura , Kamashita Yuji , Nagaoka Eiichi 
Published: September 2013

Objective and backgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dry mouth with denture plaque microflora in patients with palatal obturator prostheses from the viewpoint of infection control.MethodsThirty palatal obturator prosthesis wearers were compared with 30 healthy maxillary complete denture wearers. Dry mouth was examined using a moisture‐checking device and was diagnosed by the measured moisture levels. Denture plaque was collected by rubbing the mucosal surface of the denture with a swab; collected microorganisms were cultured and identified using culture‐dependent methods. The number of colonising microorganisms and prevalence of microorganisms were examined according to the type of prostheses and presence of dry mouth using nonparametric tests and frequency analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in palatal obturator prostheses was significantly higher than that in complete dentures. In palatal obturator prostheses, the total number of colonising microorganisms showed no significant differences between the groups with and without dry mouth on each side of the prostheses. However, the prevalence of Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in the group with dry mouth was significantly higher than that in the group without dry mouth. The number of microorganisms and moisture levels of palatal obturator prosthesis wearers showed a significantly negative correlation with Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp., but a positive correlation with Neisseria spp.ConclusionIt was concluded that palatal obturator prosthesis wearers with a dry mouth have greater colonisation by Candida spp. and Staphylococcus spp. than do complete denture wearers.
Characteristics of Groundwater Recharge on the North China Plain
Authors: Tan Xiu‐Cui , Wu Jing‐Wei , Cai Shu‐Ying , Yang Jin‐Zhong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGroundwater recharge is an important component of the groundwater system. On the North China Plain (NCP), groundwater is the main water supply. Because of large‐scale overexploitation, the water table has declined, which has produced severe adverse effects on the environment and ecosystem. In this article, tracer experiment and watershed model were used to calculate and analyze NCP groundwater recharge. In the tracer experiment, average recharge was 108 mm/year and recharge coefficient 0.16. With its improved irrigation, vegetation coverage and evapotranspiration modules, the INFIL3.0 model was used for calculation of groundwater recharge. Regional modeling results showed an average recharge of 102 mm/year and recharge coefficient 0.14, for 2001–2009. These values are very similar to those from the field tracer experiment. Influences in the two methods were analyzed. The results can provide an important reference for NCP groundwater recharge.
The Religious Meaning of Culture: Paul Tillich and Beyond
Authors: Re Manning Russell 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThroughout his theological career Paul Tillich (1886–1965) was fundamentally concerned with the question of the religious meaning of culture. The answers that he gave – initially in the revolutionary ferment of 1920s–1930s Germany and then again in the brave new world of post‐World War II America – were profound and far‐reaching in their importance for twentieth‐century theology. This article will explore the development of Tillich's interpretations of the religious meaning of culture and apply his analyses to our contemporary religious and cultural situation by suggesting a trinitarian enlargement of Tillich's concept of theonomous metaphysics towards a multidimensional theology of culture.
Exertional heat stroke, rhabdomyolysis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Authors: Thomas J. , Crowhurst T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUnexpectedly severe exertional heat stroke and rhabdomyolysis should prompt a clinician to look for susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. We report a case of exertional heat stroke and rhabdomyolysis in a man later determined to have the malignant hyperthermia phenotype. We review the existing literature regarding this association and suggest future research that could address areas of remaining clinical uncertainty.