bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of proficiency testing results for the in vivo determination of sun protection factor
Authors: Zago Djigo‐Isett , Ben Bari Souad , Tirard Anne , Miksa Sébastien , Renoux Pascale , Questel Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA sunscreen product is allowed to be marketed if a protection is provided against ultraviolets (UV) including UVA rays and UVB rays expressed by the sun protection factor (SPF). UVB is radiation that is in the region of the ultraviolet spectrum which extends from about 290 to 320 nm in wavelength and that is primarily responsible for sunburn, ageing of the skin, and the development of skin cancer. Thus, since April 2009, the Bureau Interprofessionnel d'Etudes Analytiques (BIPEA) set up a proficiency testing scheme (PTS) for the determination of SPF in vivo of sunscreen products according to ISO 24444 standard [Cosmetics ‐ Sun protection test methods ‐ in vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF)] to evaluate the analytical performances of laboratories on these analyses. This PTS gathers twenty‐six laboratories around the world with one trial a year. For each test, the statistical treatment of the data is performed according to ISO 13528 standard [Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison]. The assigned and tolerance values are calculated from the participants' data and the performances of the laboratories are evaluated individually and collectively according to ISO 17043 standard [Conformity assessment ‐ General requirements for proficiency testing]. This paper presents the design of the PT program, its development, and an attentive analysis of laboratories results, which highlight the global performances obtained by laboratories on this type of analysis. The evaluation of the results shows, in fact, a relatively constant dispersion of data since the implementation of the PT program (variability between 10% and 50%).
Early artificial intelligence education: Effects of cooperative play and direct instruction on kindergarteners' computational thinking, sequencing, self‐regulation and theory of mind skills
Authors: Su Jiahong , Yang Weipeng , Yim Iris Heung Yue , Li Hui , Hu Xiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile the integration of robot‐based learning in early childhood education has gained increasing attention in recent years, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the impact of AI robots on young children's learning.ObjectivesThe study explored the effectiveness of two AI education approaches in advancing kindergarteners' computational thinking, sequencing, self‐regulation and theory of mind skills.MethodsAn experiment was conducted with 90 kindergarteners (ages 5–6) randomly assigned to either a direct instruction (DI), cooperative play (CP) or control group.ResultsResults show that (1) children in all three groups had significant improvements on computational thinking, sequencing and self‐regulation; (2) both early AI education approaches (CP and DI) significantly enhance young children's computational thinking, sequencing, self‐regulation and theory of mind skills; (3) the DI group had significant higher improvement than the CP group on computational thinking; (4) the CP group exhibited greater enhancements in theory of mind skills than the DI group.ConclusionThese findings jointly demonstrate that each AI educational approach has unique strengths, underscoring the significance of designing new pedagogies to expand children's skills.
PEDF and 34‐mer peptide inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling in myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Lu Peng , Qi Yuanpu , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Cheng , Chen Zhipeng , Shen Zihao , Liang Jingtian , Zhang Hao , Yuan Yanliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) represents a critical pathology in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is characterized by high mortality and morbidity. Cardiac microvascular dysfunction contributes to MIRI, potentially culminating in heart failure (HF). Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), which belongs to the non‐inhibitory serpin family, exhibits several physiological effects, including anti‐angiogenesis, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Our study aims to explore the impact of PEDF and its functional peptide 34‐mer on both cardiac microvascular perfusion in MIRI rats and human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) injury under hypoxia reoxygenation (HR). It has been shown that MIRI is accompanied by ferroptosis in HCMECs. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of PEDF and its 34‐mer, particularly regarding the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. Our results demonstrated that PEDF 34‐mer significantly ameliorated cardiac microvascular dysfunction following MIRI. Additionally, they exhibited a notable suppression of ferroptosis in HCMECs, and these effects were mediated through activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PEDF and 34‐mer in alleviating microvascular dysfunction and MIRI. By enhancing cardiac microvascular perfusion and mitigating endothelial ferroptosis, PEDF and its derivative peptide represent promising candidates for the treatment of AMI.
“I make myself get busy”: Resilience and social connection among low‐income older adults living in subsidized housing
Authors: Blinka Marcela D. , Grieb Suzanne M. , Lee Tsai‐Tong , Hogg Samantha , Runge Katherine L. , Nogueira Andre , Williams Nicole , Prichett Laura , Latkin Carl A. , Gallo Joseph J. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Cudjoe Thomas K. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation and loneliness are pervasive issues among older adults in the United States, carrying significant health risks. Low‐income older adults are particularly vulnerable to these challenges compared with their higher‐income counterparts due to their limited access to resources and social networks. Many low‐income older adults live in subsidized housing, which has the potential to offer unique support tailored to their needs. The intersection of aging and the unique social circumstances faced by low‐income older adults significantly influences how they navigate crises.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 24 older adults aged 63–86 residing in subsidized housing communities in the United States. The data were collected from August 2021 to November 2022 and subsequently analyzed using a thematic constant comparison analysis approach.ResultsMany participants felt connected to their housing community. Participants reported that their lives changed substantially due to the pandemic: communal activities ceased leading to isolation and feelings of loneliness. Amid this challenge, participants were resourceful and found creative ways to manage. Many emphasized the crucial role of technology in maintaining emotional support despite physical separation.ConclusionsParticipants in subsidized housing shared their experiences before and during this unique crisis highlighting the challenges they face, as well as their resilience and adaptability when facing challenges. Our findings underscore the significance of community activation, demonstrating that activities motivated older adults to improve their well‐being. Additionally, the role of technology in maintaining connections proved to be crucial.
Probing intra‐oceanic subduction infancy in ancient orogenic belts: Example from Chinese South Tianshan
Authors: Gao Limin , Xiao Wenjiao , Tan Zhou , Cheng Hao , Mao Qigui , Wang Hao , Jia Xiaoliang , Sang Miao , Guo Yuhong , Tan Yiying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubduction infancy corresponds to the first few million years of the start of subduction following heat transfer from the incipient mantle wedge towards the slab‐top, as witnessed by metamorphic soles which represent slivers of oceanic crust metamorphosed up to granulite facies conditions welded beneath obducted ophiolites. In this study, integrated petrological, geochemical, mineralogical, geochronological, and thermodynamic studies were carried out on samples from the Yushugou high‐temperature metamorphic ophiolitic complex (YHTM) in the South Tianshan Accretionary Complex (STAC), where a massive exposure of coherent granulite accompanied by a thick peridotite body is preserved. Bulk‐rock compositions and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes demonstrate the petrogenesis of meta‐basalts with oceanic island basalt (OIB)‐like and mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB)‐like affinities, with little infiltration by subduction‐derived melts and/or fluids (e.g., no negative Nb–Ta anomalies). Thermodynamic modelling and U–Pb chronology reveal that the YHTM meta‐basalts experienced granulite facies metamorphism of ~840–940°C and ~0.92–1.02 GPa at c. 392 Ma and then possibly reheating and zircon alteration in the Carboniferous. In addition, detrital zircons in sedimentary host rocks of the YHTM show limited Precambrian records and offer maximum depositional ages of c. 410–400 Ma together with the oldest Palaeozoic cluster around c. 470–450 Ma. It is suggested that the YHTM granulites could be of Ordovician–Silurian protolith and such an age pattern significantly deviates from those of adjacent terranes (the Central Tianshan, STAC, and North Tarim Craton). Combined with the compilation of pressure–temperature–time estimates of the YHTM and ages of regional ophiolites, arc intermediate‐mafic rocks, A‐type granites, and deformation, a model of induced, temporarily northward, intra‐oceanic subduction initiation is proposed, which probably occurred along the previously existing weak zone close to a seamount or oceanic plateau in the earliest middle Devonian during the northward subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean (STO). Anomalously high geothermal gradients could be triggered by asthenosphere upwellings, further facilitating the formation of OIB‐type metamorphic soles. The YHTM, which represents the remnant of metamorphic soles and associated ophiolites, was finally emplaced to the north margin of the STAC during the relatively long‐term (c. 160 million years) accretion and continuous subduction of the STO before its closure. This finding also presents a new natural example of OIB‐type metamorphic soles as a snapshot of fossil intra‐oceanic subduction infancy during the complex evolutionary history of the STO.
Non‐coding RNA alterations in occlusal disharmony‐induced anxiety‐like behaviour
Authors: Zhang Mi , Wu Ling , Zhang Sihui , Li Yuxuan , Chen Jiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOcclusal disharmony (OD) may induce anxiety‐like behaviours; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we explored the expression profiles of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), along with their biological function and regulatory network, in anxiety‐like behaviour induced by OD.Materials and MethodsOcclusal disharmony was produced by anterior crossbite of C57BL/6 mice. Behavioural tests, corticosterone (CORT) and serotonin (5‐HT) levels were used to measure anxiety. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to screen all differentially expressed (DE) ncRNAs. Moreover, the RNA‐binding proteins interacting with ncRNAs were predicted by the ENCORI database and confirmed using western blots.ResultsThe significant differences in behavioural tests and CORT suggested the successful induction of anxiety‐like behaviour by OD. In OD mice, ncRNAs were significantly dysregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggested that the DE ncRNAs were enriched in anxiety‐related pathways. CircRNA10039 was upregulated, and PTBP1 was predicted to interact with circRNA10039. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that PTBP1 may be associated with messenger RNA biogenesis and spliceosomes.ConclusionOD induced by anterior crossbite can lead to the anxiety‐like behaviours. During this process, ncRNA also changes. CircRNA10039 and PTBP1 may play a role in OD‐induced anxiety‐like behaviours.
From flare to care: Dermatologists' impact on pediatric atopic dermatitis hospital admissions
Authors: Wieser Jill K. , Larson Benjamin I. , Shah Sonal D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin disease in the pediatric population; however, rates of admissions for flares in patients established with dermatology compared to those that are not established have not been fully assessed in prior studies.MethodsWe reviewed electronic medical records of patients hospitalized (billing codes 99221–99223, 99217) with diagnoses encompassing AD, eczema, and dermatitis (ICD‐10 codes L20.8‐L20.9, L30.8‐L30.9) between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021, at University Hospitals (UH) in Cleveland, Ohio. Patients were considered established with dermatology if they had been seen by a dermatology provider within 6 months prior to admission. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐square goodness of fit.ResultsA total of 95 patient encounters met criteria for inclusion. Fifteen (15.8%) patients were established with dermatology at the time of admission and 80 (84.2%) were not. The chi‐square value (x2 = 44.74) was greater than the critical value of 10.828 at one degree of freedom (p < .001). There were 8 patients who had more than one admission for atopic dermatitis flares; 2 of these patients were established with dermatology prior to their first admission, and 4 were established at the time of the second admission.ConclusionThe majority of patients admitted with AD flare were not established with dermatology. Many of these patients lived in a low socioeconomic area and missed follow‐up appointments. Increasing access to dermatologic care for patients with atopic dermatitis, especially in lower‐income areas, could aid in decreasing atopic dermatitis‐related hospitalizations.
Profiling Cas9‐ and Cas12a‐induced mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: de Pater Sylvia , Kamoen Lycka , van Schendel Robin , Hooykaas Paul J. J. , Tijsterman Marcel 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYWith the advancement of CRISPR technologies, a comprehensive understanding of repair mechanisms following double‐strand break (DSB) formation is important for improving the precision and efficiency of genetic modifications. In plant genetics, two Cas nucleases are widely used, i.e. Cas9 and Cas12a, which differ with respect to PAM sequence composition, position of the DSB relative to the PAM, and DSB‐end configuration (blunt vs. staggered). The latter difference has led to speculations about different options for repair and recombination. Here, we provide detailed repair profiles for LbCas12a in Arabidopsis thaliana, using identical experimental settings previously reported for Cas9‐induced DSBs, thus allowing for a quantitative comparison of both nucleases. For both enzymes, non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) produces 70% of mutations, whereas polymerase theta‐mediated end‐joining (TMEJ) generates 30%, indicating that DSB‐end configuration does not dictate repair pathway choice. Relevant for genome engineering approaches aimed at integrating exogenous DNA, we found that Cas12a similarly stimulates the integration of T‐DNA molecules as does Cas9. Long‐read sequencing of both Cas9 and Cas12a repair outcomes further revealed a previously underappreciated degree of DNA loss upon TMEJ. The most notable disparity between Cas9 and Cas12a repair profiles is caused by how NHEJ acts on DSB ends with short overhangs: non‐symmetric Cas9 cleavage produce 1 bp insertions, which we here show to depend on polymerase Lambda, whereas staggered Cas12a DSBs are not subjected to fill‐in synthesis. We conclude that Cas9 and Cas12a are equally effective for genome engineering purposes, offering flexibility in nuclease choice based on the availability of compatible PAM sequences.
Dose‐dependent inactivation of Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cell concentrates by treatment with short‐wavelength ultraviolet light
Authors: Fischer Swantje , Zilkenat Susann , Rosse Mona , Schulze Torsten J. , Seltsam Axel , Handke Wiebke , Lepenies Bernd , Gravemann Ute 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlasmodium species are naturally transmitted by Anopheles mosquitos. The parasite infects red blood cells (RBCs) and can be transfused with blood products. In non‐endemic areas, the main risk of infection arises from travellers coming back and people immigrating from malaria‐endemic regions. Endemic countries face a permanent risk of infection from transfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM). TTM may cause life‐threatening complications in patients dependent on blood donations. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum inactivation in RBC units by treatment with short‐wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) light in the absence of photochemical additives.Materials and MethodsRBC units were spiked with P. falciparum to a parasite density of 0.1%–1% and irradiated with up to 4.5 J/cm2 UVC. The parasite density of UVC‐treated dilution series and untreated controls were compared over 3 weeks after irradiation.ResultsThe lowest dose of 1.5 J/cm2 UVC led to a 3.1 log reduction in parasite load compared with the untreated control. The inactivation capacity was dose‐dependent. Strikingly, 4.5 J/cm2 led to ≥5.3 log unit reduction, which was equivalent to a complete inactivation in two out of three experiments.ConclusionPathogen reduction with UVC light was previously shown to be effective for different bacteria and viruses, but the inactivation of parasites in RBC concentrates was not addressed until now. The present study provides evidence for significant inactivation of P. falciparum‐infected RBCs by UVC light.
Higher rates of laboratory‐confirmed cases of syphilis in Western Canadian blood donors compared with Eastern Canadian blood donors following a period of societal re‐opening
Authors: Drews Steven J. , Charlton Carmen , Tran Vanessa , Zhou Hong Yuan , Hawes Gordon , Resz Ilona , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a growing infectious syphilis outbreak in Western Canada. Although blood donors are screened for syphilis risks, some blood donors will still be confirmed test‐positive for syphilis. This study compares the characteristics of confirmed test‐positive syphilis donations in both Western Canada and Eastern Canada, November 2022–August 2023.Materials and MethodsDonors were defined as Western or Eastern Canadian. Blood donations were tested for syphilis using the PK‐TP assay (Beckman Coulter PK7300 Automated Microplate System). Confirmatory Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) assays were performed by one of two reference laboratories. An RPR titre ≥1:8 was used as a proxy for possible infectious syphilis.ResultsRates of laboratory‐confirmed syphilis were higher in Western (n = 43, 13.4/100,000 donations) versus Eastern donors (n = 19, 4.7/100,000 donations; Fisher's exact test, two‐sided, p ≤ 0.0001). Most syphilis confirmations were in first‐time donors (Western Canada n = 31/43, 72.1%, Eastern Canada 12/19, 63.2%).ConclusionAlthough rates of laboratory‐confirmed syphilis were higher in Western versus Eastern donors, Western donors did not have higher rates of infectious syphilis. Further studies might assess whether donors with laboratory‐confirmed syphilis understood pre‐donation screening questions or were completely unaware of a past infection.
Particulate Characterization and Lubricating Oil Tribology Investigations of a Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Using Low Octane Fuels
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Krishnamoorthi M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High compression ratio and lean-burn operation of low-octane gasoline-fueled compression ignition engines lead to significantly higher thermal efficiencies. Hence, it has emerged as a potential technology to propel medium and heavy-duty vehicles. Gasoline compression ignition engines use advanced fuel injection timings and gasoline-like low-octane fuels, and their impact on the lubricating oil tribology and particulate emissions must be experimentally assessed. Hence, this experimental study compares these aspects for the gasoline compression ignition and baseline conventional diesel combustion engines. Extreme heat, moisture, contamination by particulate matter, corrosive gases, dirt, fuel dilution, wear debris, and depleted additives can degrade the lubricating oil, resulting in higher engine wear and eventual failure. The experiments were conducted on a medium-duty diesel engine at varying engine loads and speeds, and the effect of fuel injection timing on particulate emissions was investigated. The engine was operated for 20 hours, and lubricating oil samples drawn at fixed intervals were analyzed for changes in lubricating oil using spectroscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy were used to analyze the soot and trace elements in the lubricating oil. Spray droplet distribution in the cylinder in a non-reactive computational fluid dynamics simulation environment was done to understand the fuel dilution to the lubricating oil. Results indicated that gasoline compression ignition emitted more particulates than baseline diesel combustion. The gasoline compression ignition engine's lubricating oil showed higher soot-in-oil and lower trace elements, ash, and carbon contents than baseline diesel combustion. Fuel dilution to the lubricating oil was observed in the simulations.
Impact of Building Design and Operating Strategies on Urban Heat Island Effects—Part I: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Ameer Baqer , Krarti Moncef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a simplified simulation environment to model the reciprocal thermal interactions between urban air and buildings. Specifically, the simulation environment accounts for several factors that are responsible for the formation of the urban heat island and its effects. Dynamic modeling of urban components including both urban canopy and boundary layers as well as ground medium and building energy systems is integrated within the developed simulation environment. A validation analysis of the developed simulation environment is carried out using field data obtained during the summer for the City of Toulouse, France. The developed simulation environment can be applied to evaluate various mitigation options to reduce the urban heat island effects and improve energy efficiency levels of urban built environments. The main limitations of the developed simulation environment as well as recommendations to enhance its performance have been outlined throughout the paper.