bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Ghosh Ritam , Dutta Rahul , Dubal Pariket M. , Park Richard Chan , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveLaryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma (LNEC) is a rare malignancy with various subtypes, each with different characteristics. Classification of these subtypes is used to delineate treatment and management, as most are clinically aggressive with poor prognosis. This study analyzes the characteristics and survival outcomes of LNEC using population‐based data.Study DesignAnalysis of a population‐based tumor registry.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973‐2011) was queried for LNEC cases. Data analyzed included patient demographics, incidence, treatment modality, and survival.ResultsIn total, 257 LNEC cases were extracted from the SEER database. Sixty‐three percent were male, and the mean age of diagnosis was 61.9 years. Most cases were located in the supraglottis (62.6%), were of the small cell carcinoma (52.9%) histologic subtype, and were grade IV (40.9%) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV (59.4%). Surgery and radiotherapy were used as treatment modalities in 38.3% and 59.8% of patients, respectively. Overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) for all LNEC was 30.2%, with lower grade, lower AJCC stage, and treatment with surgery having higher 5‐year DSS.ConclusionsLNEC often presents as an aggressive tumor at an advanced stage and has poor survival outcomes. Poor prognostic factors include high histologic grade, advanced stage disease, and not undergoing surgical resection. LNEC may be best treated depending on its histologic differentiation, with surgery being beneficial for early grade tumors while radiotherapy is inconclusive in its benefit for late‐stage disease.
Between Law and Customs: Normative Interconnections in Kabul's Tribunals
Authors: De Lauri Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Afghan normative scenario is composed of customary practices, shari’a principles, laws promulgated by the state and international law. Studies on this arsenal tend to give special attention to the coexistence and/or clashing of different sources of law, but they usually overlook the interrelations that are created through the merging of values, norms and socially recognised customary practices. In particular, little attention has been given to the role that customs play within the judicial structure. A dichotomous perspective has thus prevailed in the history of law in Afghanistan, where ‘formal justice’ is opposed to ‘informal justice’, and where there have been few attempts to observe how the merging of different normative reference systems engenders normative syncretisms and forms of negotiated justice. In this article, after examining the key transition points in the legal history of Afghanistan, I will attempt to show that there is an important customary component in the justice's implementation of Kabul's tribunals, its principal aim being to legitimise the work of judges. An analysis of the current situation, informed by ethnographic research conducted in Kabul beginning in 2005, cannot be understood without a historical retrospective that takes account of the important politico-legal changes that have taken place over the past hundred and fifty years, which have been punctuated by multiple reforms and tumultuous regime changes.
Clinical and laboratory features of cats with feline infectious peritonitis – a retrospective study of 231 confirmed cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Riemer Friederike , Kuehner Kirsten A , Ritz Susanne , Sauter-Louis Carola , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: July 2015

Objectives The objectives of this study were to review signalment, clinical signs and laboratory features in a large number of naturally occurring cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and to evaluate potential changes in diagnostic criteria for FIP and compare findings in cats with and without effusion. Methods The medical records of 231 cats with confirmed FIP that presented to the Clinic of Small Animal Medicine of the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, were reviewed for signalment, history, and clinical and laboratory parameters. Age, sex and breed distribution of the cats were compared with the clinic population. Results Male sex and young age were significantly correlated with FIP. Neutering status was not associated with FIP. No breed predisposition was observed and the majority of cats presented were domestic shorthair and mixed breed. Microcytosis of peripheral erythrocytes was found in 35.1% of cats, of which 42.4% did not have concurrent anaemia. Band neutrophilia was documented in 44.3% (81/183), of which 35.8% did not have mature neutrophilia. Lymphopenia, observed significantly more often with effusion, was documented in only 26.8% of cats without effusion. Hyperbilirubinaemia also occurred significantly more often in cats with vs without effusion. While serum total protein was increased in only 17.5% of cats, hyperglobulinaemia was documented in 89.1%. Nearly 85.0% of cats had an albumin-to-globulin (A:G) ratio <0.8, while 67.8% had an A:G ratio <0.6. Conclusions and relevance Microcytosis was common and can increase suspicion of FIP in the presence of other typical clinical and laboratory abnormalities. The low prevalence of lymphopenia in cats without effusion suggests that this is not a useful parameter in non-effusive FIP. The frequent occurrence of a left shift in the absence of a mature neutrophilia complicates the differentiation of effusive FIP and septic peritonitis. Globulins and A:G ratio were of higher diagnostic value than hyperproteinaemia.
Intraoperative Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Gas Tensions Reflect Paraplegia During Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery
Authors: Fleissner Felix , Redwan Ahmed , Bisdas Theodosios , Boeck Anna-Lena , Weissenborn Karin , Haverich Axel , Teebken Omke E. , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Martens Andreas 
Published: July 2015

Background: In this study, gas tensions in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were prospectively evaluated as intraoperative markers for the detection of neurological deficits. Methods: Spinal fluid, serum, and heart lung machine (HLM) perfusate were monitored for gas tensions (po2/pCo2) and related parameters (pH, lactate, and glucose) during thoracoabdominal aortic repair and correlated with perioperative neurological examination and electrophysiological testing. Results: Forty-seven patients were assessed for the study, and 40 consecutive patients were finally included. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A (23 patients, 57.5%): no clinical or laboratory signs of neurological damage; group B (14 patients, 35%) who developed subclinical deficits; and group C (3 patients, 7.5%) who had paraplegia. Significant intraoperative changes in CSF gas tensions were observed with postoperative paraplegia. Glucose ratio between serum and CSF showed higher variability in group C, confirming a damage of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Conclusion: Major neurological damage is reflected by early changes in CSF gas tensions and glucose variability, suggesting damage of the BBB in these patients.
Platelet activation after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Arnaoutoglou Eleni , Kouvelos George , Papa Nektario , Karamoutsios Achilleas , Bouris Vasilios , Vartholomatos George , Matsagkas Miltiadis 
Published: July 2015

Aim To investigate the effect of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) on platelet (PLT) function and reveal possible associated factors. Methods Fifty consecutive patients were included. PLT count and activation (CD62P-CD36), white blood cell (WBC) count, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured preoperatively, at the first and third postoperative day. Results EVAR elicited a significant reduction in PLT count from baseline to first day after EVAR ( p < 0.001), while no significant difference was noted between the first and third day. Furthermore, CD62P expression was markedly elevated at the first day after EVAR (median % positive PLTs from 13.7 at baseline to 22.1, p = 0.05), but returned to baseline levels by the third day. Maximum abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter was the only factor that significantly affected the CD62P values ( p = 0.005). Postoperative CD36 values were significantly correlated with total aneurysm volume ( p = 0.05) and were higher in endografts made from polyester ( p = 0.01). There were no correlation between PLT activation and hs-CRP, WBC, maximum temperature, and 30-day morbidity. Conclusion EVAR has elucidated a significant reduction in PLT count and increase in PLT activation at the immediate postoperative period. The type of the endograft material and the aneurysm maximum diameter and volume appear to play an important role in PLT activation.
An intelligent hospital operating room to improve patient health care
Authors: Garbey Marc , Joerger Guillaume , Huang Albert , Salmon Remi , Kim Jinsu , Sherman Vadim , Dunkin Brian , Bass Barbara 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Optimizing management of multiple hospital operating rooms (ORs) is a complex problem. A large hospital can have upwards of greater than 50 with a large number of different procedures per day and per OR that needs to be scheduled several weeks in advance. Each procedure requires gathering a team led by a surgeon for a specific block of time in the OR, but even common procedures such as cholecystectomies, which account for about 1.4 million cases per year in the USA, exhibit a significant variation in total procedure duration. OR time is one of the most significant budget chapters in a modern hospital, and it has also been shown that delays in OR procedures due to lapses in scheduling and/or OR resources availability have been responsible for post-surgical complications.
We propose an innovative, cost effective hardware/software OR awareness solution that automatically (i) detects what step of the procedure the OR team is at, (ii) determines if steps are out of order, (iii) identifies and pinpoints procedural delays, irregularities, and unused OR time, and (iv) can assist in root cause analyses and assessment. Most institutions have an electronic OR management software system in place that allows for easy projection and visualization of the daily OR schedule, but all rely heavily on manual data entry resulting in human error and bias. There exists a need not only for a fully automated, unbiased, and accurate OR management system that also collects key procedural data for both real-time and retrospective analyses but also for an intuitive and user-friendly digital interface. With our system, we have been able to track and collect data on almost 300 cases to not only identify but quantify sources of inefficiency as well as automatically indicate cases that exceed expected lengths.
Exercise-induced purpura – triggered by a lymphoedema
Authors: Stücker M. , Segert M. H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryExercised-induced purpura (EIP) is an frequently misdiagnosed condition that occurs most often on the lower extremities. An association with exercise is common. Most EIP have presented in healthy-appearing individuals with no sign of chronic venous insufficiency.A 62 year-old woman with primary lymphoedema of the right lower extremity presented erythematous purpuric patch only on her right medial ankle. This purpura had appeared spontaneously after an unusually long march without compression stockings. Through the typical history and symptoms diagnosis of exercise-induced purpura could be provided. This common and harmless disease should be known as an important differential diagnosis for systemic vasculitis.
A painful, vascularised tumour of the calf
Authors: Hoos A. , Sperhake K. , Devereux N. , Bruning G. , Beikert F. C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe case of a 39-year old female patient, presenting a painful, well-vascularized tumour located in the subcutaneous tissue of the right calf, is reported. Due to the painfulness and tumour size progression an excision with primary wound closure (by buried sutures) was performed. The tumour showed histological features characteristic for an angioleiomyoma. Particularly middle-aged women are affected by an angioleiomyoma which represents a benign, mesenchymal tumour mostly located on the lower extremities. Differential diagnosis in painful tumours of the skin should include this entity. Because of the painfulness of the tumour primary excision is mostly recommended. In the majority of cases the diagnosis is made histologically.
Old Age Rejection in Modern Culture: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Овсянникова  , Ovsyannikova Natalya 
Published: July 2015

The mechanisms for making the gerontological models
in traditional and contemporary culture are described in the article.
Viewson the age in a culture are able to simulate human life and
are used by a culture subject for understanding and explaining different
situations of development, as well as its mental acceptance
or rejection. Age stereotypes reflect characteristics and properties
specified by the culture for people of certain age, and are set by the
society through traditions. Individual age differences in each culture
reflect the corresponding properties of the age layers and have their
own regulatory controls: age ceremonies.
Modern cultural approach is able to explain the phenomenon of
old age from the perspective of changing values and moral qualities
of the aging individual. The mental world of old age can accommodate
the whole system which is directly or indirectly associated
with old age and aging representations formed in both individual
and collective consciousness of culture subject.Structuring these
ideas can be performedon various bases: detaillevel; comparative
context; domination of intellectual forms; acceptance / rejection
of old age, etc.
Gerontological model in a culture can be built on actual bases:
substrate, space, time, energy, and information; while the factor of
acceptance or rejection of certain grounds of the models will be
dominant.
Acceptance or rejection of oneself in old age suggests a kind of
mental process of &#34;trying on&#34; certain age stereotypes by the culture
subject. The results of this process directly depend on the age potential
and individual horizons of opportunities. Ideally, each culture
subject makes a decision on what can or cannot be done
within the framework of his/her age. Cultural capacity of mentalnon-
aging lies in the strengthening of all life potentials of a &#34;man
of culture&#34;.
Ethnic Diaspora in-between the Authorities of Two States
Authors: Адибекян  , Adibekyan Oganes 
Published: July 2015

Strengthening of world nations merging together within
existing states happens along withthe formation of ethnic groups.
These foreign parts of nations form for various reasons, but independently
the associations of members of these groups have to be
in a relationship with a native country as well as with the citizens
of their country of resettlement. Self-governing bodies of the Diaspora,
authorities of native state and of the state of residence form a triangular
system, where each side holds friendliness, or hostility, or
indifference. Three components with three different attitudes form
different combinations, knowledge and consideration of which in
certain cases obtain political significance. Some views are independent
of those parties. Some are managed, generated. They are affected
by international relations in the world. Variability may Not
be excluded. All this is a subject for clarification in specific studies
of selected nations and their diaspora, selected countries. The
fundamental consideration of the positions of the Diaspora inbetween
the authorities of the two countries ismethodologically
valuable.
Family Social, Cultural and Economic Resources’ Effect on the Affordability of University Education in Russia
Authors: Куканова  , Kukanova Viktoriya , Крупеникова  , Krupenikova L. 
Published: July 2015

In this article considers the factors of accessibility of
higher education in Russia. By studying the problem of accessibility
to higher education in the Russian society, it was identified two
main criteria that are important for admission to higher education:
social and cultural capital of the individual and the social and
economic potential of his family. Also, accessibility of higher education
is not only opportunity to go to university, but also to be able
to go through the entire studying period. The main difficulties
hindering the completion of education, is the difficulty in the
studying of teaching material and in adaptation to loads, it is reasons
related to the cultural capital of the family.
Polytechnic Learning in the Modern School Through the Example of Technology Lessons
Authors: Терентьев  , Terentyev Sergey 
Published: July 2015

In this article the author has tried to disclose and justify
the content of the principle of polytechnic learning and its use in
the in middle school classes. Polytechnic principle of technology
learning in school is considered in the aspect of modern innovation
processes in education. The emphasis is made on the formation of
technological literacy of students as a condition and result of
Polytechnic learning. The Article reveals the essence of the principle
of polytechnic learning through teaching school children
manual labour.
The experimental part of the work shows the necessity of forming
students’ technological literacy as a condition and result of polytechnic
learning. The experimental results make it possible to pave
the trajectory for further research into the study of the conditions
necessary for increasing the level of technological literacy of learners.
Escuelas de Alto y Bajo Valor Añadido. Perfiles Diferenciales de las Secundarias en Baja California
Authors: Castro-Morera Maria , García-Medina Adán Moisés , Pedroza-Zuñiga Luis Horacio , Caso-Niebla Joaquín 
Published: July 2015

Los modelos contextuales de valor añadido han venido sirviendo como herramienta para el desarrollo de sistemas de evaluación basados en la rendición de cuentas (accountability). Sin embargo, el estudio de lo que aportan las escuelas una vez controladas las características contextuales relacionadas con el nivel socio-cultural de alumnos y centros(técnicamente llamadas residuos), también puede servir para identificar y estudiar las buenas prácticas escolares de aquellos centros que promueven el desempeño de sus alumnos más allá de lo esperado por sus condiciones socio-culturales de partida. El objetivo de este artículo es describir diferenciadamente las características de estas escuelas secundarias del estado de Baja California (México). Para ello se ha utilizado la información proveniente de los instrumentos que conforman la Estrategia Evaluativa Integral durante 2010 y 2011. Los resultados muestran que las escuelas que promueven más allá de lo esperable el desempeño de sus alumnos se caracterizan porque entre los estudiantes hay niveles más altos de convivencia democrática, de sentido de pertenencia, de autorresponsabilidad y expectativas escolares; de igual manera, los docentes de Matemáticas les dan un mayor apoyo cuando los alumnos tienen dudas y les ofrecen una retroalimentación más rica. Sorprendentemente, las escuelas de alto y bajo residuo no se diferencian en el tipo de actividades que los docentes realizan con los alumnos de bajo aprovechamiento. Este artículo es una buena ilustración de los múltiples usos que se pueden dar a los modelos contextuales de valor añadido.
Przekształcenia strukturalne w procesie rozwoju gospodarczego: modyfikacje i rozszerzenia
Authors: Winiecki Jan 
Published: July 2015

Gospodarki nie tylko rosną, ale zmieniają swoją strukturę w procesie wzrostu. Ponadto, chociaż zmiany strukturalne następują w całym procesie rozwoju gospodarczego, istnieją – zdaniem autora – dwie fazy procesu zmian strukturalnych, które z racji ich znaczenia zasługują na specjalną uwagę badaczy. Są to industrializacja (przesunięcie roli silnika wzrostu z sektora rolnictwa do sektora przemysłu) oraz współcześnie przesuwanie się tejże roli z przemysłu przetwórczego do usług o wysokim udziale kapitału ludzkiego.Pierwsza faza jest znacznie lepiej rozpoznana intelektualnie. Rozliczne badania ukazują ogólne prawidłowości strukturalnych transformacji i ich zróżnicowanie. Autor wskazuje w swoich komentarzach jedynie na potrzeby pewnych, niewielkich korekt. Na przykład nieco niższego pułapu udziału przemysłu przetwórczego w PKB, po osiągnięciu którego następuje zmniejszanie się tego udziału, niż sugeruje to literatura przedmiotu. Zwraca on też uwagę, że nowsze badania wskazują na znacznie wcześniejszy moment rozpoczęcia intensywnego wzrostu gospodarczego i wzrostu udziału przemysłu przetwórczego, niż wynika to z uznanej za standard literatury przedmiotu.Druga faza transformacji strukturalnych znajduje się z punktu widzenia badawczego jeszcze w powijakach. Właściwie brak teoretycznych pewników, nie mówiąc już o solidnej bazie empirycznej. Jedyny pewnik to pozytywna korelacja udziału (różnie mierzonych) udziałów subsektora usług o wysokim nasyceniu kapitałem ludzkim z poziomem PKB per capita. Przedmiotem dyskusji jest nawet to, czy przesuwanie się produkcji i zatrudnienia do sektora usług jest szkodliwą deindustrializacją czy pozytywnym przesunięciem popytu i podaży w kierunku wykorzystującym wysoki poziom kwalifikacji mieszkańców bogatego Zachodu.Autor artykułu prezentuje swój wkład w debatę w kwestii determinant owych przesunięć roli silnika wzrostu. Zwraca on uwagę, w ślad za Fukuyamą, że w procesie industrializacji wolności ekonomiczne i obywatelskie odgrywają mniejszą rolę wzmacniającą ten proces. Wskazuje jednak, że ich siła oddziaływania rośnie wraz ze wzrostem PKB per capita i rosnącym udziałem usług o wysokim nasyceniu kapitałem ludzkim. Teza autora znajduje potwierdzenie empiryczne.
„Nagie życie” w zakładach dla psychicznie i nerwowo chorych pod rządami nazistów
Authors: Gajewska Grażyna 
Published: July 2015

The principal hypothesis of our inquiry states that the mechanisms of power and controlling human life, practiced by the Nazis during WW 2, reflected the modern approach to the human defined in the categories of life unworthy of life. The studies conducted hitherto in the context of the above hypothesis focus on the sites which in the wake of commemorating the extermination are treated as symbols of the genocide industry, such as the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp. In turn, this article aims to investigate the validity of the hypothesis with regards to a site which so far has not been considered in cultural studies – (for example the Hospital for the Mentally Ill “Dziekanka” in Gniezno – in addition, we treat this hospital as the exemplification of the wider ideological, political, economic phenomenon). I wish to show that the phenomena of reducing and destroying human life, which held no value for the authority, was virtually identical regardless of the place where the extermination took place. Thus, we will establish a new point on the map of memory of the victims of Nazi policies, a site where the annihilation was carried out, at the same time demonstrating the particular features associated with that particular space. The “might” of the German authority during World War 2 was founded on tremendous attention to detail; consequently, that which took place in the sites of mass extermination proceeded in much the same way in those places which are now hardly remembered.