bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole, near Canonbie (Dumfriesshire, southern Scotland): biostratigraphic revision of the late Asbian to early Pendleian succession using foraminiferans and regional correlations
Authors: Cózar Pedro , Somerville Ian D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe upper half of the Archerbeck Borehole contains a continuous Mississippian succession from the late Asbian (late Viséan) to the Pendleian (early Serpukhovian), with numerous limestone horizons. The borehole sequence lies within the Solway Basin (western end of the Northumberland Trough) and bridges the successions between the Midland Valley of Scotland and the Pennines (northern England). The rich foraminiferal and algal assemblages are compared to those described by previous authors, and genera as well as species are updated as far as is possible. In addition, some other overlooked or underestimated taxa have been identified and illustrated, which improve notably the biostratigraphic resolution of the Archerbeck Borehole succession. Within the abundant foraminiferal assemblages can be highlighted the richness and diversity of representatives of the family Archaediscidae. In general, the succession developed in the Archerbeck Borehole is closely comparable with that in the Alston Block of northern England. The Asbian/Brigantian transition mimics that observed in the Janny Wood boundary stratotype section, with clear late Asbian horizons (lower part of the Archerbeck Beds), transitional beds (middle and upper parts of the Archerbeck Beds), and Brigantian limestones (from the Cornet Limestone upwards). The base of the early Brigantian is placed at the base of the Cornet Limestone (equivalent to the Lower Peghorn Limestone in the Alston Block). The base of the late Brigantian is placed at the base of the Gastropod Limestone (equivalent to the Scar Limestone Member in northern England), and the base of the Pendleian is repositioned at the base of the Under Limestone (equivalent to the Four Fathom Limestone Member in northern England). Throughout, the borehole, protista and microfloral elements are abundant, which allows the recognition of Assemblages 4 to 10, previously recognised in northern England and the Midland Valley of Scotland. Furthermore, other local assemblages are recognised and related to palaeoecological controls, although they do not represent any improvement in biostratigraphical resolution.
Olig2/Plp-positive progenitor cells give rise to Bergmann glia in the cerebellum
Authors: Chung S-H , Guo F , Jiang P , Pleasure D E , Deng W 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNG2 (nerve/glial antigen2)-expressing cells represent the largest population of postnatal progenitors in the central nervous system and have been classified as oligodendroglial progenitor cells, but the fate and function of these cells remain incompletely characterized. Previous studies have focused on characterizing these progenitors in the postnatal and adult subventricular zone and on analyzing the cellular and physiological properties of these cells in white and gray matter regions in the forebrain. In the present study, we examine the types of neural progeny generated by NG2 progenitors in the cerebellum by employing genetic fate mapping techniques using inducible Cre–Lox systems in vivo with two different mouse lines, the Plp-Cre-ERT2/Rosa26-EYFP and Olig2-Cre-ERT2/Rosa26-EYFP double-transgenic mice. Our data indicate that Olig2/Plp-positive NG2 cells display multipotential properties, primarily give rise to oligodendroglia but, surprisingly, also generate Bergmann glia, which are specialized glial cells in the cerebellum. The NG2+ cells also give rise to astrocytes, but not neurons. In addition, we show that glutamate signaling is involved in distinct NG2+ cell-fate/differentiation pathways and plays a role in the normal development of Bergmann glia. We also show an increase of cerebellar oligodendroglial lineage cells in response to hypoxic–ischemic injury, but the ability of NG2+ cells to give rise to Bergmann glia and astrocytes remains unchanged. Overall, our study reveals a novel Bergmann glia fate of Olig2/Plp-positive NG2 progenitors, demonstrates the differentiation of these progenitors into various functional glial cell types, and provides significant insights into the fate and function of Olig2/Plp-positive progenitor cells in health and disease.
Cell-free study of F plasmid partition provides evidence for cargo transport by a diffusion-ratchet mechanism
Authors: Vecchiarelli Anthony G. , Hwang Ling Chin , Mizuuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2013

SignificanceParA-type partition systems self-organize and pattern the bacterial nucleoid to organize plasmids, chromosomes, and protein machinery spatially. To study how protein patterns generate cargo movement, we reconstituted and visualized the partition system of F plasmid using a DNA-carpeted flowcell as an artificial nucleoid surface. We found that the partition proteins could bridge plasmid to the DNA carpet dynamically and mediate plasmid motion. Our data favor a diffusion-ratchet mechanism inherently different from classical motor protein or actin/microtubule filament-based transport. We expect surface-mediated patterning to become increasingly recognized as a means of intracellular transport in all kingdoms of life.
“Preferring Omission over Falsity”
Authors: Vedal Nathan 
Published: March 2013

SummaryNeglected in the current scholarship on Qing dynasty court compilations, the dictionary commissioned by the Kangxi emperor in 1710 is an important source for understanding the nature of court-commissioned reference works in the early Qing. TheKangxi Classic of Characters, although typically believed to have improved on Ming and early Qing dictionaries by virtue of its greater inclusion of source materials, in fact had a more complicated relationship with its predecessors. In the process of delegitimizing earlier, privately compiled works, the editors of theKangxi Classic of Charactersactively promoted the exclusive authority of the court in their composition of dictionary definitions. Further, their manipulation of definitions in earlier dictionaries was not a straightforward process of greater inclusion and deletion of redundancy, but rather a reflection of contemporary intellectual developments. This can be seen in the compilers’ attempts to bring the definitions in line with a number of trends in Confucian thought, which were taking form at the court during this period.
Les premières grammaires françaises à l’usage des Persans
Authors: Bechraoui Mohamed-Fadhel 
Published: March 2013

RésuméAprès la tentative non aboutie d’Eugène Boré (1816–1891) en 1839, la première grammaire française à l’usage des Persans ne paraît qu’en 1882 sous le titre d’Orthographie française ou Règles de l’orthographe de la langue française simplifiée et rendues à leurs principes naturels. L’auteur, Jules Richard (1816–1891), n’y développe que la partie consacrée aux articulations et aux parties du discours et ne parvient jamais à publier l’intégralité de l’ouvrage qu’il avait rédigé à l’attention des élèves de l’école polytechnique de Téhéran et qui est censé contenir une partie propre à la syntaxe. Son fils Joseph Richard (1285 [1868/69] – 1354 [1935/36]) tentera de rectifier le tir en publiant laNouvelle méthode pratique et facile pour apprendre la langue française(21894), une sorte de ‘méthode Ahn’ où la grammaire ne figure qu’en abrégé sous forme de définitions ou d’applications. L’Orthographiese caractérise spécialement par le nombre des questions théoriques discutées en notes entièrement rédigées en français, par le recours à des termes grammaticaux peu communs, par la traduction originale, en persan, de certains termes français, ainsi que par la neutralisation de certaines oppositions verbales dans la traduction des paradigmes du français.
Die Pallas-Redaktion der PetersburgerVocabularia comparativaund ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der slavischen Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: Keipert Helmut 
Published: March 2013

ZusammenfassungDie 1787–1789 in St. Petersburg von Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811) gedrucktenVocabularia comparativader Zarin Katharina II. enthalten zu 285 mehr oder weniger elementaren russischen Wörtern Entsprechungen in 200 Sprachen. Den auf den Zeilen 1–12 prominent platzierten slavischen Teil hat Josef Dobrovský (1753–1829) in seinerVergleichung der Russischen und Böhmischen Sprache(1796) recht kritisch besprochen. Vor allem hat er darin die unbefriedigende Dokumentation des Tschechischen und Slovakischen und deren merkwürdige und z.T. fehlerhafte kyrillische Transkription zu verbessern gesucht, manche bessere Äquivalente vorgeschlagen und in seinen Kommentaren häufig auf die unterschiedlichen Lautungen in den slavischen Wörtern ein und desselben Lemmas hingewiesen. Schon 1794 hat er erkannt, dass in mehreren Fällen die Verteilung dieser Unterschiede regelmäßig zu sein scheint und eine areale Aufteilung der slavischen Sprachen in eine südöstliche und eine nordwestliche Gruppe (Russisch und Serbisch vs. Polnisch und Tschechisch) anzunehmen nahelegt. Noch in den neunziger Jahren hat er eine verbesserte Ausgabe des Wörterbuchs zu planen begonnen, dafür u.a. 1815 die bei Pallas noch fehlende kajkavische Wortliste publiziert und mit seinerVergleichungals Vorbild 1822 Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864) zur Verbesserung der serbischen Liste und zur Erstellung einer bulgarischen angeregt. Überzeugend lässt sich zeigen, dass die von Aleksandr Vostokov (1781–1864) 1820 eingeführte und bis heute verbreitete Aufteilung der slavischen Sprachen in drei Gruppen (Ost-, West- und Südslavisch) direkt an Dobrovskýs Vorschlag anschließt und in mancher Hinsicht von dessen sorgfältiger Verbesserung der Mängel und Inkonsequenzen in den slavischen Einträgen derVocabularia comparativaprofitiert hat.
First Report of Rice stripe virus in Vietnam
Authors: Ren C. M. , Cheng Z. B. , Miao Q. , Fan Y. J. , Zhou Y. J. 
Published: March 2013

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus, and one of the prevalent viruses infecting rice. The disease was first recorded in central Japan in 1903, and is currently present in many Asian countries, including South Korea and China in the Far East (1,2). In May of 2012, a disease outbreak in Indica rice (Oryza satira L.) caused losses in a field in Huaifu, Hungyen, Vietnam (20°53′N, 106°02′E). Infected plants showed yellowing stripe symptoms on leaves. A survey indicated that disease incidence was about 10%. Six leaf samples were randomly collected and four were found positive in dot-ELISA using RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies (provided by Dr. X. Zhou, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University) (3). To confirm RSV infection, total RNA was extracted from dot-ELISA positive and asymptomatic control samples. RT-PCR was performed using RSV-specific primers (CP(+): 5′-GAGGATCCATGGGTACCAACAAGCCAG-3′, CP(-): 5′-TCGTCGACCTAGTCATCTGCACCTTCTG-3′; SP(+): 5′-TGGGATCCATGCAAGACGTACAAAGGAC-3′, SP(-): 5′-CTGTCGACCTATGTTTTATGAAGAAGAGGT-3′; NS2(+): 5′-GAGGATCCATGGGTACCAACAAGCCAG-3′, NS2(-): 5′-CCGTCGACTCATACATCTGAATTTG-3′; NS3(+): 5′-ACCGGATCCATGACTATCAAATACAAC-3′, NS3(-): 5′-CCGTCGACTCATACATTAGCTATTGTC-3′) that amplify the coat protein, disease-specific protein, and NS2 and NS3 genes of RSV, respectively. Amplicons of the expected size were obtained from the four symptomatic but not the asymptomatic plants. Amplicons obtained from one of the positive samples were cloned into the vector pMD18-T (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. KC197055 to KC197058). Sequence comparisons indicated that the complete sequences of the CP, SP, NS2, and NS3 of the Vietnamese isolate shared 97.1%, 97.5%, 96.8%, and 97.3% sequence identity at the nucleotide level with the corresponding genes of RSV isolate T (NC_003776, NC_003753, and NC_003754, respectively). These results indicate that the virus associated with yellowing stripe disease of rice in Vietnam is an isolate of RSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of RSV in Vietnam. This finding redefined the distribution of RSV in the world. Research on whole-genome sequencing of the Vietnamese isolate is continuing and is being expanded to compare the genetic diversity of the virus, assisting in the study of the evolution of the virus. References: (1) S. Toriyama. Microbiol. Sci. 3:347, 1986. (2) Q. Y. Lin et al. J. Fujian. Agric. Univ. 20:24, 1991. (3) G. Z. Wang et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sinica 34:302, 2004.
First Report of a Chaetomella sp. Causing a Leaf Spot on Sansevieria trifasciata in China
Authors: Li Y. L. , Zhou Z. , Lu W. , Ye J. R. 
Published: March 2013

Sansevieria trifasciata originates from tropical West Africa. It is widely planted as a potted ornamental in China for improving indoor air quality (1). In February 2011, leaves of S. trifasciata plants in an ornamental market of Anle, Luoyang City, China, were observed with sunken brown lesions up to 20 mm in diameter, and with black pycnidia present in the lesions. One hundred potted plants were examined, with disease incidence at 20%. The symptomatic leaves affected the ornamental value of the plants. A section of leaf tissue from the periphery of two lesions from a plant was cut into 1 cm2 pieces, soaked in 70% ethanol for 30 s, sterilized with 0.1% HgCl2 for 2 min, then washed five times in sterilized distilled water. The pieces were incubated at 28°C on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies of two isolates were brown with submerged hyphae, and aerial mycelium was rare. Abundant and scattered pycnidia were reniform, dark brown, and 200 to 350 × 100 to 250 μm. There were two types of setae on the pycnidia: 1) dark brown setae with inward curved tops, and 2) straight, brown setae. Conidia were hyaline, unicellular, cylindrical, and 3.75 to 6.25 × 1.25 to 2.50 μm. Morphological characteristics suggested the two fungal isolates were a Chaetomella sp. To confirm pathogenicity, six mature leaves of a potted S. trifasciata plant were wounded with a sterile pin after wiping each leaf surface with 70% ethanol and washing each leaf with sterilized distilled water three times. A 0.5 cm mycelial disk cut from the margin of a 5-day-old colony on a PDA plate was placed on each pin-wounded leaf, ensuring that the mycelium was in contact with the wound. Non-colonized PDA discs were placed on pin-wounded leaves as the control treatment. Each of two fungal isolates was inoculated on two leaves, and the control treatment was done similarly on two leaves. The inoculated plant was placed in a growth chamber at 28°C with 80% relative humidity. After 7 days, inoculated leaves produced brown lesions with black pycnidia, but no symptoms developed on the control leaves. A Chaetomella sp. was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated leaves, but not from the control leaves. An additional two potted plants were inoculated using the same methods as replications of the experiment, with identical results. To confirm the fungal identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of the two isolates was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2) and sequenced. The sequences were identical (GenBank Accession No. KC515097) and exhibited 99% nucleotide identity to the ITS sequence of an isolate of Chaetomella sp. in GenBank (AJ301961). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot of S. trifasciata caused by Chaetomella sp. in China as well as anywhere in the world. References: (1) X. Z. Guo et al. Subtropical Crops Commun. Zhejiang 27:9, 2005. (2) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Information seeking behaviour of astronomy/astrophysics scientists
Authors: Sahu Hemant Kumar , Nath Singh Surya 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine different aspects of information seeking behaviour, and specifically the information seeking behaviour and information needs of Indian astronomy/astrophysics academics, including the relationship between various variables such as academic, rank‐wise statuses, age‐wise of characteristics, and methods for keeping their knowledge up‐to‐date.Design/methodology/approachA stratified random sample survey was used for gathering data. However, to support and authenticate the data quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The questionnaire was mailed and was also available online. Some 400 academics from 12 astronomy and astrophysics information centres and libraries were surveyed using the questionnaire and were interviewed. The questionnaire response rate was 72 percent (288/400).FindingsThe study findings show: differences in information seeking behaviour and needs for various academic is sub‐fields of Indian astronomy/astrophysics, and highlights the value of information seeking behaviour to scientists working in astronomy/astrophysics. The study concludes that astronomy/astrophysics academics were making use of Astrophysics Data System followed by their use of e‐archives for education and research. Astronomy/astrophysics academics work in a unique setting with specialized needs. The study findings underscored the need to continue accessing specialized needs to find innovative solutions. There are challenges and opportunities for exciting new initiatives.Originality/valueThis is the first in‐depth study in India exploring the information seeking behaviour and information needs of astronomy/astrophysics academics. It also gives the latest account of information seeking behaviour of information users in astronomy/astrophysics discipline. The study is also expected to guide other information service organisations to cope with their users' needs, by adopting survey methods, tools, protocols used in this study.
Forecasting a scenario of the fresh tomato market in Italy and in Germany using the Delphi method
Authors: Bazzani Claudia , Canavari Maurizio 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe research presented in this paper aims at giving a forecasting scenario of the fresh tomato industry in Italy and in Germany, through the analysis of the different drivers which influence the trends of the fresh tomato market.Design/methodology/approachThe Delphi method was applied in order to obtain judgments of different experts regarding the driving forces of the fresh tomato industry in Italy and in Germany. A total of 14 experts of the fresh vegetables market participated in a three‐rounds survey; a qualitative analysis of experts' judgments drew to a possible future of the fresh tomato industry.FindingsFrom the results it is possible to conclude that the service in the offer of the products will mostly influence the trend of the fresh tomato industry; this includes marketing, communication, quality certifications, special packaging (as ready to eat products). Furthermore variety selection and typicality of the product will play, as well, a fundamental role in the market trend of the fresh tomato.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on a small sample of experts, using a qualitative approach. Therefore these findings may strongly depend on the choice of the subjects.Practical implicationsThe results may offer useful suggestions to managers and practitioners on the most promising strategies for the future.Originality/valueOn the methodological side, this study represents a useful contribution to qualitative food research, since the Delphi method approach was rarely used in the past. In addition, it has not been previously used in forecasting a possible scenario in the fresh vegetables industry.
Customer‐centric corporate social responsibility
Authors: Rashid Mamunur , Abdeljawad Islam , Manisah Ngalim Siti , Kabir Hassan M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate customer‐centric corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Islamic banks of Bangladesh, Malaysia and the Arabian Gulf Region. The new framework is found from the incomplete link between managerial motivation and their actual involvement with CSR activities.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses annual reports of 16 Islamic banks from three regions. Using content analysis method, the study produces an ethical identity index on eight dimensions. The average index scores are ranked to get a view of the importance given by Islamic banks to the path of social responsibility.FindingsIn this study, the customer‐centric CSR framework assumes that there are two layers of CSR involvement in Islamic banks. The upper layer assures the commitment towards Allah (SWT) by operating under Islamic Shari'ah. The bottom layer ensures the commitment towards customers, employees and society. The reports of Islamic banks show that the selected banks are too customer centric and efficiency driven. However, that efficiency is targeted at the cost of sacrificing Shari'ah norms. Their commitments to basic Islamic rules fall far behind the average.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses content analysis of the annual report to identify CSR involvement of the Islamic banks. There are various issues related to CSR and corporate management that are not reported in annual reports. Moreover, disclosure norms and regulation also have an influence on reporting standards. Thus, this study is limited to what is found in the reports only.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature on customer‐centric CSR and customer‐centric marketing. There is evidence that the findings from this study are consistent with other studies. Islamic banks are becoming customer centric because of the competition from conventional banks. However, they must not forget the very essence of the establishment of these banks which is the spiritual freedom based upon sole submission to Allah (SWT).
A robust algorithm for weld seam extraction based on prior knowledge of weld seam
Authors: Ye Zhen , Fang Gu , Chen Shanben , Dinham Mitchell 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a method to extract the weld seam from the welding image.Design/methodology/approachThe initial step is to set the window for the region of the weld seam. Filter and edge‐operator are then applied to acquire edges of images. Based on the prior knowledge about characteristics of the weld seam, a series of routines is proposed to recognize the seam edges and calculate the seam representation.FindingsThe proposed method can be used to extract seams of different deviations from noise‐polluted images efficiently. Besides, the method is low time‐consuming and quick enough for real time processing.Practical implicationsWeld seam extraction is the key problem in passive vision based seam tracking technology. The proposed method can extract the weld seam even when the image is noisy, and it is quick enough to be applied in seam tracking technology. The method is expected to improve seam tracking results.Originality/valueA useful method is developed for weld seam extraction from the noise‐polluted image based on prior knowledge of weld seam. The method is robust and quick enough for real time processing.