bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of Tubing Conveyed Perforations: Combination of Dynamic Underbalance and Mechanical Surge Techniques
Authors: Gonzalez Luis Daniel , Curteis Charles , Raziyev Mukhamed , Khaira Kuljit 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A Brown field, offshore Malaysia, has been in production for over 30 years. The Brown field has low rock strength in shallow reservoirs, while the deeper reservoirs consist of stronger and stiffer formations. As a result, the completion for shallow reservoirs requires gravel pack treatment, whereas the deeper reservoirs can be completed without particular requirements of sand control.
Big hole charges followed by mechanical surge are the preferred perforating technique for an optimum gravel pack. For consolidated formations, deep penetration charges, with a dynamic underbalance, are more suitable to maximize inflow. Historically, multi-zone completions in field wells are performed in stages: the deeper zone is perforated and conditioned first; followed by the upper interval, which is perforated, gravel packed, completed and connected to the lower section.
This paper presents the combination of the two perforating techniques in one operation. It also discusses the candidate identification process, perforation design, formation damage analysis, execution and results. The gravel packs were performed successfully with a GP factor higher than predicted by simulations, and the initial production behavior suggests no evidence of adverse effect on formation damage even when the mechanical surge required for the big hole charges was done higher than conventionally.
Considerable rig time savings were achieved by eliminating a Tubing Conveyed Perforations (TCP) run and clean out operation. The operation was performed in 60.8% of the time observed in a previous similar well. The combined perforating technique is suitable for cases where the reservoir properties are very well known.
Based on the result of the world first combination of these techniques, continue supporting the implementation of this optimized solution in future wells is high recommended.
First Achievement Using Water Shutoff Polymer in Monobore Well Completion, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Wattanasuwankorn Reawat , Jiemsawat Nophadol , Dunlop Tyson , Kanchiak Surachai 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An operator launched a “water shutoff” polymer development project for a monobore gas well completion in the Gulf of Thailand. The shutoff concept involved a conservative tubing pad application in which a water shutoff polymer technique was used to help prevent wellbore restriction by sealing off the target reservoir permeability zone. Job planning and careful laboratory testing were conducted to simulate bottomhole conditions. In 2009, the treatment was used to perform shutoff of the top water producing zone using bullheading. The design consisted of the shutoff treatment followed by a loss circulation material (LCM) to help ensure wellbore fluid placement in the designed positions and that the pressure response could be monitored from the surface. The shutoff operation was performed according to plan, and coiled tubing (CT) was used for cleanup after placing the shutoff treatment. As a result of well testing after the shutoff treatment, water production dramatically decreased by 50%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the technique in terms of safety, economics, and operation. A long-term monitoring program was established to evaluate the polymer's seal-off performance for development of future field strategies.
Since 2009, water production monitoring has proven that the shutoff polymer is one of the best solutions for long-term water shutoff in terms of safety, economics, and operation. This technique does not require mechanical sealing off of the perforations, making it more feasible for future well interventions.
Combating Severe Losses and Improving Cementing Quality in Carbonate Formations: A Lesson Learned from Drilling Wells in Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Brandl A. , Hafizzudin R. Mohd , Mahaiyudin A. Mohd , Jayah M. , Aziz I. , Sze W. Han , Drus Z. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Wells drilled into gas bearing carbonate reservoirs in offshore Sarawak are prone to severe lost circulation issues. In the first 3 exploration wells, total losses were encountered after drilling 20 m into the carbonate in 8.5-in. hole section. The well managed to drill to TD with application of pressurized mud-cap drilling. However the challenge of the total losses wellbore is the incomplete cementing of the 7-in. liner across the carbonate column. Poor zonal isolation and reduction of reservoir permeability were major concerns to the operator requiring significant investigation, laboratory testing and pre-job planning for future wells.
This paper will discuss an unique design technique for curing the challenging lost circulation issues while also providing improved cement placement along the fractured formation. Lab test results are presented using a bridging material simulator with different fracture sizes to evaluate the sealing effectiveness of the engineered systems. Return permeability studies using a Hasseler-style core holder were conducted for the fluids to verify their damage potential to the producing formations.
The engineered solution was the use of a cement spacer fluid containing membrane forming colloids to seal fracture sizes up to 2 mm which also yielded 100% return permeability to hydrocarbons. The use of the spacer fluid enabled successful cement placement along the critical carbonate section. A bond log evaluation showed that there was cement coverage along the zones of interest. Based on the positive lab tests and field results, the combination of a sealing spacer and lightweight cementing system was identified as a viable solution to combat lost circulation and improve cement placement for future wells drilled in this area.
Vortex Induced Vibration Monitoring of Completion Operations
Authors: bin Ismail Muhammad Yussof , Elletson Edward , Gauthier Steven 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Throughout drilling, completion and workover activities risers are subject to environmental loading from currents, waves and vessel offset, these dynamics could cause fatigue in the riser structure. Due to their smaller diameter, completion and workover risers (CWORs) are especially susceptible to Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) during open water operations.
An operator began development drilling on a field offshore Indonesia using a jackup rig in around 95m water depth. A 7-5/8” completion riser was used to complete the wells with a surface blowout preventer (BOP). Due to the nature of the application and the severity of the environmental loading conditions, VIV was observed during completion of the first well. Although riser analysis showed that currents over 1.5 knots were fatigue critical for the completion riser, two uncertainties remained in the model:
The through depth current loading; Effectiveness of the riser vortex suppression.
Because of these unknowns and in order to demonstrate fitness-for-purpose of the completion riser during the well completion operations, a VIV monitoring system was installed. Providing the utmost simplicity, this monitoring system consisted of a single dynamic curvature sensor installed at the top of the riser, 3.5m below the drill floor. This sensor was connected to a central control unit via a topside cable. The strain data was captured and calibrated on board using proprietary software, with the bending stress data calculated at 8 points around the riser circumference.
This paper provides details on the monitoring system provided. On top of this, the paper will analyse the data collected throughout these completion operations and share the key conclusions from this monitoring campaign.
A More Advanced Multistage Completion System for Fracturing
Authors: Wibowo Hendra , Gaudette Sean L. , Carrejo Nicholas 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Multistage hydraulic fracturing is an unconventional system of accessing tight, hydrocarbon-bearing shale basins, which has become one of the most effective approaches to satisfy ever increasing energy demands. When utilizing the latest technology developments, these multistage fracturing systems are able to treat over 40 stages. This is made possible by the application of a ball-seat system that utilizes one tripping ball per stage to actuate a sleeve, and expose ports to deliver the fracturing treatment. A new frac sleeve with high-impacting telescoping ports (HITP) and the capability of multiple injection points per stage has been developed. The HITP impact the formation at 3,000 psi before delivering the fracture treatment and the ball seats enables one tripping ball to open up to five sleeves in one stage and fracture all sleeves at the same time. Advancement in technology has led to the development of High-Strength Disintegrating Materials (HSDM) which have been successfully used and commercialized in the form of disintegrating frac balls. This paper will explore the experimentation of combining these new technologies.
Innovative Intelligent Multizone Gravel-Pack Completion Revives Production in Malaysian Brownfield
Authors: Ceccarelli T. U. , Atkinson W. R. , Zabala J. J. , Khalis A. , Razak F. , Yildiz R. , Gil J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aims of every oil & gas operator to optimize production, increase oil recovery, and minimize operating cost are driving the industry to look for innovative completion and production solutions. This is true for brownfields where operators are looking to rejuvenate reservoirs that still have reserves in place as original completion efficiencies deteriorated over time.
A workover offshore Malaysia was conducted in a field to recover oil from a multilayered, high water/oil contact reservoir. The objective was to increase production and recovery volumes in a cost-effective way and reduce rig time. The original completions lacked the ability to control and choke the flow from each zone independently, and thus could not optimize comingled production and water cut, resulting in limited oil recovery from the reservoir.
For this reason, an intelligent completion with downhole variable flow control valves and real-time pressure and temperature gauges was considered. The objective was to design an intelligent completion that is both cost effective in a marginal field and that can fit inside an existing cased-hole wellbore that requires sand control. Because of the many challenges faced in combining the multizone gravel-pack system and the intelligent completion components, both had to be re-engineered to allow for a perfect interface. This resulted in the first intelligent completion installation inside a shunt-tube gravel pack with multizone packers.
Evaluation of a Tubing Stress Analysis Method to Design an Acid Fracturing String in a Complex Horizontal Well, Tarim Oilfield, China
Authors: Liangliang Ding , Fuxiang Zhang , Xiangtong Yang , Hongtao Liu , Jun Wu , Rosland Habil 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A carbonate reservoir in the Tarim oilfield has a deep burial depth (5000 to 7000 m), high temperature (130 to 150°C), and long horizontal section (600 to 1600 m). It is a heterogeneous formation with obvious interlayer physical differences. The requirements for using a multistage acid fracturing process (5 to 12 stages) in the stimulation program for this complex horizontal well completion highlight the challenges associated with ensuring tubing string integrity.
Multistage acid fracturing string design is more difficult than conventional string design because the tubing string consists of multiple packers and sliding sleeves, which can allow for uneven fluid inflow distribution through the variable cross section. Thus, to understand the pressure decline profile resulting from localized heat loss, an accurate pressure and temperature simulation is important. The horizontal well process of running in—setting—release—tie-back complicates the calculation of initial conditions for string mechanics analysis. The tubing string operation process can be very intricate; as such, a proper tubing string stress analysis should consider the operation characteristics adequately.
Based on technological characteristics, this paper introduces, in detail, a string design flow for the staged acid fracturing of a horizontal well. This paper provides detailed descriptions of the anticipated loads encountered during multistage acid fracturing, using a wellbore thermal and flow simulator to perform wellbore temperature and pressure simulation under different operation scenario conditions. In a standard tubular design study, a comprehensive model that includes the well configuration with the tubing string structure and operation characteristics is essential to adequately simulate the potential stress placed on tubing, packers, and sliding sleeves. This also would help to optimize the design of the tubing string composition and operational parameters. In view of the technological characteristics of acid fracturing strings for horizontal wells, this paper focuses on the introduction of design methods and considerations. An example horizontal well is used to describe the analytical process of string mechanics for staged acid fracturing.
New Learning Methods To Connect With The New Generation Of Workers In The Oil And Gas Industry
Authors: Daher Elie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Learning methods have changed dramatically in the last 20 years. The 90s and the early 2000s saw the migration of training from bricks and mortar classrooms to e-learning. As online courses became more common, Learning Management Systems (LMS) became more advanced. The result was an automation of the online training process delivered and tracked through Learning Management Systems.
Recently however there has been a rising level of disillusionment with e-learning and its effectiveness has been questioned. On one hand, managers feel like it has failed to deliver on early promises while, on the other hand, employees are understandably unenthusiastic about having to plough through hours of online courses on their own.
To offer the best of both worlds and provide cost-effective training while addressing the need for human support, blended learning was conceptualized. This concept was taken a step further with the addition of the ‘hands-on’ practical element. For many organizations, this is very much the state of learning in the workplace today. However, we are now beginning to see a new phase of workplace learning.
New information and communication technologies have unleashed radical new opportunities in teaching and learning. Researchers predict a new era and a complete revolution in the way people gain access to knowledge and information.
This paper attempts to expose the various learning theories. It presents a comparison between traditional learning and new learning methods and proposes an action plan for Oil and Gas companies to adopt should they desire to ride the new wave of learning methodology.
MD&A Disclosure Tendencies: The Case of LIFO Liquidations
Authors: Wheeler Stephen W. , Cereola Sandra J. , Louwers Timothy J. 
Published: August 2014

SYNOPSIS
We examine MD&A disclosure practices concerning the positive transitory impact that LIFO liquidations have on reported earnings. This issue is particularly relevant in light of the recent calls to eliminate LIFO for tax revenue reasons and the controversy surrounding the proposed shift to IFRS, which does not permit LIFO inventory valuation. Our analysis of companies with income-increasing LIFO liquidations between 1993 and 2010 shows that, after controlling for materiality, MD&A disclosure tendencies were not as reliable as disclosures of this issue in financial statement footnotes. Also, MD&A disclosure rates did not significantly increase in the periods after the introduction of SEC regulations calling for more transparency in the MD&A. Contrary to expectations, companies whose incomes were negative disclosed at a higher rate than companies with positive incomes. Results may indicate a need for greater auditor involvement with MD&A disclosures.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources listed in the paper.
Firm-Specific Characteristics of the Participants in the SEC's XBRL Voluntary Filing Program
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Timoshenko Lev M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
A number of papers have attempted to study firm-specific characteristics of the participants in the SEC-administered XBRL Voluntary Filing Program (VFP). However, to date, their findings have been conflicting—contrary to the underlying theory or inconclusive due to methodological limitations. Some of these limitations include the use of limited subsets of VFP data, the use of portfolio matching designs containing matching weaknesses, and omission of key explanatory variables. This paper attempts to overcome some of these limitations by using a more comprehensive sample, employing a more effective matching procedure, and a more complete set of variables suggested by both voluntary disclosure and organization theories. Consistent with the theory, higher voluntary disclosure propensity, stronger corporate governance, and better profitability are found to be robustly significant factors associated with voluntary XBRL adoption in the U.S. Innovativeness is a distinguishing characteristic for non-high-tech VFP participants. Analyst following, auditor quality, and earnings quality are less robust characteristics.
Outcome assessment of lingual and labial appliances compared with cephalometric analysis, peer assessment rating, and objective grading system in Angle Class II extraction cases
Authors: Deguchi Toru , Terao Fumie , Aonuma Tomo , Kataoka Tomoki , Sugawara Yasuyo , Yamashiro Takashi , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To validate our hypothesis that there would be significant differences in treatment outcomes, including cephalometric values, degree of root resorption, occlusal indices, and functional aspect, between cases treated with labial and lingual appliances.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four consecutively treated Class II cases with extractions and lingual appliance were compared with 25 matched cases treated with extraction and labial appliance. Orthodontic treatment outcomes were evaluated by cephalometric analysis, peer assessment rating, and an objective grading system (OGS). Additionally, functional analysis was also performed in both groups after orthodontic treatment. Statistical comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test within the groups, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare between the labial and lingual groups.

Results:
The only significant difference between the groups was that the interincisal angle was larger in the lingual group than in the labial group. OGS evaluation showed that control over root angulation was significantly worse in the lingual group than in the labial group. There was no significant difference between groups in the amount of root resorption or in functional evaluation.

Conclusions:
Generally, lingual appliances offer comparable treatment results to those obtained with labial appliances. However, care should be taken with lingual appliances because they are more prone to produce uprighted incisors and root angulation.
Cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and factors associated with soft tissue scarring after the removal of miniscrews
Authors: Jung Sung-ah , Choi Yoon Jeong , Lee Dong-Won , Kim Kyung-Ho , Chung Chooryung J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the prevalence of distinguishable soft tissue scarring after the removal of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) such as orthodontic miniscrews and to analyze the factors associated with scar formation.

Materials and Methods:
The prevalence of soft tissue scarring in 66 patients (202 miniscrew removal sites) was clinically investigated at least 1 year after miniscrew removal. To determine the clinical factors associated with soft tissue scar formation, miniscrew stability; host factors including age, gender, and gingival biotype; and miniscrew-related factors such as insertion site, vertical position, and insertion period were evaluated.

Results:
The prevalence of a distinguishable scar remaining at least 1 year after miniscrew removal was 44.6%. Patients with flat gingiva showed a significantly higher prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those with pronounced scalloped gingiva (P &lt; .05). Maxillary buccal removal sites showed a significantly higher prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those in the mandible or palatal slope (P &lt; .05). Miniscrew sites at the alveolar mucosa showed a significantly lower prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those in the mucogingival junction or the attached gingiva (P &lt; .01).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of distinguishable scarring after miniscrew removal was fairly high. On the basis of our results, patients with flat gingiva and buccal interdental gingival insertion sites are more susceptible to scar formation.
New system of employment forecasting in Poland
Authors: Arendt Łukasz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The goal of the paper was to describe the system of employment forecasting in Poland and to present forecasts results. The paper described the main assumptions and elements of the system of employment forecasting (the structure of econometric models and on-line forecasting tool). It also elaborated on employment forecasts at national, regional and occupational levels. The analysis of forecasts enabled drawing some conclusions, important from the point of view of the perspectives of the Polish labour market and the labour market policy.
Optimization of investment management in Warsaw stock market
Authors: Janowicz Maciej , Orłowski Arkadiusz , Warzyński Franciszek Michał 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Application of simple prescriptions of technical analysis on the Warsaw Exchange Market (GPW) has been analyzed using several stocks belonging to WIG20 group as examples. Only long positions have been considered. Three well-known technical-analysis indicators of the market have been investigated: the Donchian channels, the Relative Strength Index, and Moving Average Convergence-Divergence indicator. Optimal values of parameters of those indicators have been found by „brute force“ evaluation of (linear) returns. It has been found that trading based on both Donchian channels and Relative Strength Index easily outperform the „buy and hold“ strategy if supplied with optimal values of parameters. However, those optimal values are by now means universal in the sense that they depend on particular stocks, and are functions of time. The optimal management of capital in the stock market strongly depends on the time perspective of trading. Finally, it has been argued that the criticism of technical analysis which is often delivered by academic quantitative financial science is unjustified as based of false premises.
Sex differences in tibiocalcaneal kinematics
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Taylor Paul J. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeFemale runners typically suffer more from chronic running injuries than age-matched males, although the exact biome-chanical mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility of female runners are unknown. This study aimed to compare sex differences in tibiocalcaneal kinematics during the stance phase of running.MethodsTwenty male and twenty female participants ran at 4.0 m • s<sup>–1</sup>. Tibiocalcaneal kinematics were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system and compared using independent samples t tests.ResultsPeak eversion and tibial internal rotation angles were shown to be significantly greater in female runners.Conclusionsbased on these observations, it was determined that female runners may be at increased risk from chronic injury development in relation to excessive tibiocalcaneal motions in the coronal and transverse planes.