bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and sources of organic matter in surface sediments of the eastern continental margin of India
Authors: Krishna M. S. , Naidu S. A. , Subbaiah Ch. V. , Sarma V. V. S. S. , Reddy N. P. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe sources and distribution of organic matter (OM) in surface sediments of the eastern continental margin of India, including the region influenced by river discharge, were investigated using content, molar C:N ratios and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Despite relatively high water column integrated chlorophyll‐a concentrations were found in the continental shelf than the slope; however, the lower sediment organic carbon (SOC) was found in the former than the latter region suggesting that in situ production did not play significant role on preservation of SOC in the coastal Bay of Bengal. The broad range of δ13C of SOC (−23.2 to −16.7‰) suggests that OM is a broad mixture of terrestrial and marine OM. Relative contributions from terrestrial C3 and C4 plants and marine sources are quantified as 34%, 23%, and 43%, respectively, indicating that dominant source of allochthonous OM (~57%) in the coastal Bay of Bengal. Relatively higher contribution of OM from C4 plants was found in the sediments at off river Krishna indicating that this region received detritus of agricultural crops such as jowar, bajra, and sugar cane, which are dominant in its drainage basin, during SW monsoon. This study revealed that relatively high OM preserved in the slope than shelf region along the coastal Bay of Bengal and the composition of OM is primarily controlled by the type of agricultural crops and vegetation in the drainage basin of the river.
Revisiting wildfires at the K‐Pg boundary
Authors: Morgan Joanna , Artemieva Natalia , Goldin Tamara 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe discovery of large amounts of soot in clays deposited at the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary and linked to the ~65 Ma Chicxulub impact crater led to the hypothesis that major wildfires were a consequence of the asteroid impact. Subsequently, several lines of evidence, including the lack of charcoal in North American sites, were used to argue against global wildfires. Close to the impact site fires are likely to be directly ignited by the impact fireball, whereas globally they could be ignited by radiation from the reentry of hypervelocity ejecta. To‐date, models of the latter have yet to take into account that ejection—and thus the emission of thermal radiation—is asymmetric and dependent on impact angle. Here, we model: (1) the impact and ejection of material, (2) the ballistic continuation of ejecta around a spherical Earth, and (3) the thermal pulse delivered to the Earth's surface when ejecta reenters the atmosphere. We find that thermal pulses in the downrange direction are sufficient to ignite flora several thousand kilometers from Chicxulub, whereas pulses at most sites in the uprange direction are too low to ignite even the most susceptible plant matter. Our analyses and models suggest some fires were ignited by the impact fireball and ejecta reentry, but that the nonuniform distribution of thermal radiation across the surface of the Earth is inconsistent with the ignition of fires globally as a direct and immediate result of the Chicxulub impact. Instead, we propose that the desiccation of flora by ejecta reentry, as well as the effects of postimpact global cooling/darkness, left much of the terrestrial flora prone to fires, and that the volume of soot in the global K‐Pg layer is explained by a combination of syn‐ and postimpact wildfires.
Using Holistic Multicriteria Assessments: The Convex Cones Approach
Authors: Karsu Özlem 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article provides a review of the literature on interactive MCDM approaches, which use convex cones as a means of representing the decision maker's preference structure. We discuss the assumptions that are made about the decision maker's underlying preference relation and cover the basic theory on the convex cones approach. We review relevant studies that appear in the literature and state future research areas that await further attention.
Profiling Native Kinases by Immuno‐Assisted Activity‐Based Profiling
Authors: Okerberg Eric , Shih Ann , Brown Heidi , Alemayehu Senait , Aban Arwin , Nomanbhoy Tyzoon K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe protocols in this unit describe efficient and cost‐effective approaches to determine the interaction of small‐molecule inhibitors with native kinases, and also analyze the interactions between kinases and their binding partners in a cellular setting. The combined attributes of activity‐based probes and western blotting procedures provide for quantitative measurement of inhibitor efficacy, isoform selectivity, and post‐translational modifications. We further demonstrate the ability to identify protein‐protein interactions between a probe‐labeled protein and its noncovalent binding partners. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:213‐226 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generalized Wiener system identification: General backlash nonlinearity and finite impulse response linear part
Authors: Reyland John , Bai Er‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop an algorithm for identification of the finite impulse response linear part of a block‐oriented Wiener System. The nonlinear block is a general backlash function with nonlinear ascending and descending functions. Only the horizontal axis intersection points are assumed known a priori. We propose an identification algorithm and establish identifiability. Simulation results are also presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and socioeconomic influences on thyroid function among the Yakut (Sakha) of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Levy Stephanie B. , Leonard William R. , Tarskaia Larissa A. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Baltakhinova Marina E. , Krivoshapkin Vadim G. , Snodgrass James J. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesPrevious research has shown that the extreme cold and short day lengths of polar winters promote increased production and uptake of thyroid hormones, resulting in marked declines in free triiodothyronine (fT3). However, this “polar T3 syndrome” has been documented almost exclusively on small samples of male sojourners and little is known about seasonal changes in thyroid function among indigenous circumpolar groups. The present study addresses this gap by examining seasonal changes in thyroid hormone levels among the indigenous Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia.MethodsAnthropometric dimensions and thyroid measures (fT3, free thyroxine [fT4], thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH]) were obtained on two occasions (July/August, 2009 and January 2011) on a sample of 134 Yakut adults (51 men, 83 women) from the village of Berdygestiakh, Sakha Republic/Yakutia, Russia.ResultsYakut men and women both displayed significant declines in fT3 and fT4, and significant increases in TSH from summer to winter despite showing only modest seasonal changes in body mass and composition. Among men, gains in fat‐free mass (FFM) were associated with larger reductions in fT3 and greater increases in TSH. Men living more traditional lifeways showed larger winter declines in fT4 and greater increases in TSH.ConclusionsThe Yakut exhibited significant winter declines in fT3 levels similar to other circumpolar groups studied. However, the magnitude of seasonal change was greater in the Yakut, perhaps reflecting their distinctive metabolic physiology. Lifestyle factors play a mediating role in thyroid responses, such that men with more traditional lifeways had more exaggerated seasonal changes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:814–820, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of assay protocols for use with dried blood spot samples
Authors: McDade Thomas W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDried blood spots (DBS)—drops of capillary whole blood collected from finger stick—represent a minimally invasive alternative to venipuncture that facilitates the collection of blood samples from research participants in naturalistic, field‐based research settings. But the number of validated assays for quantifying biomarkers in DBS samples is relatively low in comparison with serum or plasma. The objective of this review is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of DBS sampling, and to outline the steps involved in developing and validating an immunoassay for application to DBS samples. These steps include deciding on reagents, preparing calibration and quality control material, evaluating elution protocols, optimizing sample quantity, and assessing multiple aspects of assay performance, including intra‐ and interassay variation, lower limit of detection, accuracy, stability, and agreement between results from matched DBS and plasma samples. The broader goal of this “how‐to” approach is to encourage investigators to validate, implement, and disseminate assay protocols for DBS samples in order to advance field‐based research on human biology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:1–9, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary variability in the western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) inhabiting an isolated and disturbed forest fragment in Southern Yunnan, China
Authors: Ni Qing‐Yong , Huang Bei , Liang Zong‐Li , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Jiang Xue‐Long 
Published: October 2013

AbstractForest fragmentation and isolation can reduce the size of available habitat and lead to lower food availability for some primate species. The persistence of nonhuman primates in fragments depends largely on their ability to adjust their diet in response environmental change. The western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) is distributed in northern Vietnam, northwestern Laos, and southwestern China, but little is known about its diet except from studies in the well‐protected forests of Mt. Wuliang and Mt. Ailao, central Yunnan. We studied food abundance and diet over 2 years in a small group surviving in an isolated and disturbed forest at Bajiaohe, southern Yunnan, and drew a comparison with the population at Dazhaizi in Mt. Wuliang. We found that gibbons at Bajiaohe consumed mostly fruit, but did not eat figs, unlike most other gibbon populations. Liana fruits and mature leaves were used as alternative foods during periods of tree fruit scarcity. Our results indicate that gibbons in Bajiaohe respond to habitat fragmentation and isolation by consuming a variety of plant species, depending on those that are locally available, and increasing time spent feeding on fruits of trees and lianas rather than increasing time spent consuming leaves. Am. J. Primatol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clay‐induced degradation during the melt reprocessing of waste polycarbonate
Authors: de la Orden Maria Ulagares , Pascual Davinia , Muñoz Cristina , Lorenzo Vicente , Urreaga Joaquín Martínez 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe addition of small amounts of organoclays during the reprocessing of waste polycarbonates (WPCs) is a promising method for improving the properties of the recycled plastics. However, the clays can also induce the degradation of the polymer during the melt compounding and thus lower the properties of the final materials. This clay‐induced degradation of polycarbonate (PC) was examined in this study. A WPC, a virgin PC (VPC) (that served as a comparison), and two commercial montmorillonites, Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B, were melt compounded in a twin‐screw microextruder. The degradation of the polymer, which caused the formation of phenolic compounds and the reduction of the average molar mass, was monitored with UV spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and solution viscosimetry. The results reveal that the effect of the clays on the degradation depended on the amount of clay used and the chemical nature of the organic modification. When small amounts of the appropriate clay were used, the polymer degradation was minimized, and a net improvement of some properties of the recycled PC was achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39997.
Highly Selective “Turn‐On” Fluorescent and Colorimetric Sensing of Fluoride Ion Using 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1 H)‐one based on Excited‐State Proton Transfer
Authors: Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple, highly selective and sensitive colorimetric system for the detection of fluoride ion in an aqueous medium has been developed using 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1 H)‐one. This system allows selective “turn‐on” fluorescence detection of fluoride ion, which is found to be dependent upon guest basicity. An excited‐state proton transfer is proposed to be the signaling mechanism, which is rationalized by DFT and TD‐DFT calculations. The present sensor can also be applied to detect fluoride levels in real water samples.
Choice Blindness and Preference Change: You Will Like This Paper Better If You (Believe You) Chose to Read It!
Authors: Johansson Petter , Hall Lars , Tärning Betty , Sikström Sverker , Chater Nick 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTChoice blindness is the finding that participants both often fail to notice mismatches between their decisions and the outcome of their choice and, in addition, endorse the opposite of their chosen alternative. But do these preference reversals also carry over to future choices and ratings? To investigate this question, we gave participants the task of choosing which of a pair of faces they found most attractive. Unknown to them, we sometimes used a card trick to exchange one face for the other. Both decision theory and common sense strongly suggest that most people would easily notice such a radical change in the outcome of a choice. But that was not the case: no more than a third of the exchanges were detected by the participants. We also included a second round of choices using the same face pairs, and two stages of post‐choice attractiveness ratings of the faces. This way we were able to measure preference strength both as choice consistency and by looking at measures of rating differences between chosen and rejected options. We found that the initially rejected faces were chosen more frequently in the second choice, and the perceived attractiveness of these faces was increased even in uncoupled individual ratings at the end of the experiment. This result is discussed in relation to Chen and Risen's recent criticism of the Free Choice Paradigm, as it shows that choices can affect future preferences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors predictive of lymph node metastasis in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Blanchard C , Brient C , Volteau C , Sebag F , Roy M , Drui D , Hamy A , Mathonnet M , Henry J-F , Mirallié E 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The treatment of papillary thyroid carcinomas larger than 1 cm usually consists of total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection (LND). In patients with the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), preoperative cytology and intraoperative frozen-section analysis cannot always establish the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with FVPTC and to identify patients who might benefit from LND.

Methods
The study included patients with FVPTC treated by total thyroidectomy and LND between 2000 and 2010 in four departments. When fewer than six non-involved lymph nodes were removed, the patient was excluded from the analysis.

Results
Some 199 patients were included. The median tumour size was 17 (range 1–85) mm, and tumours were classified as T1a in 28 patients, T1b in 40, T2 in 53, and T3 in 78. Eighty-one patients (40·7 per cent) had lymph node metastasis (51 classified as N1a and 30 as N1b). Four risk factors were predictive of lymph node metastasis in the multivariable analysis: multifocality (odds ratio (OR) 2·36, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·15 to 4·86), angiolymphatic invasion (OR 3·67, 1·01 to 13·36), absence of tumour capsule (OR 3·00, 1·47 to 6·14) and tumour involvement of perithyroid tissue (OR 3·89, 1·85 to 8·18). The rate of lymph node metastasis varied between 14 and 94 per cent depending on the presence of risk factors.

Conclusion
The rate of lymph node metastasis in patients with FVPTC varies widely according to the presence or absence of predictive risk factors.
Outcome following laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Penninckx F , Kartheuser A , Van de Stadt J , Pattyn P , Mansvelt B , Bertrand C , Van Eycken E , Jegou D , Fieuws S 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
There are few reports on the oncological quality of resection and outcome after laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in everyday surgical practice.

Methods
Between January 2006 and October 2011, data for patients with mid or low rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent elective TME were recorded in the PROCARE database. A multivariable model and the propensity score as a co-variable in Cox or logistic regression models were used for adjustment of differences in patient mix and non-random assignment of surgical approach.

Results
Data for 2660 patients from 82 hospitals were recorded. Implementation of laparoscopic TME was highly variable. The oncological quality of resection was similar in the laparoscopic and the open group: incomplete mesorectal excision in 13·2 and 11·4 per cent respectively, circumferential resection margin positivity in 18·1 per cent, and a median of 11 lymph nodes examined per specimen in both groups. The hazard ratio for survival after laparoscopic versus open TME was 1·05 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·88 to 1·24) after correction for differences in patient mix, and 1·06 (0·89 to 1·25) after correction for the propensity score. The definitive colostomy rate was similar in the two groups: 31·0 per cent after open and 31·4 per cent after laparoscopic TME. Postoperative morbidity was lower and length of stay was shorter after laparoscopic TME compared with open TME. Survival was not negatively affected by converted laparoscopic resection, whereas postoperative morbidity, mortality and length of stay after converted laparoscopy were comparable with those after open TME.

Conclusion
Oncological outcome is comparable after laparoscopic and open TME in everyday surgical practice.
Outcomes following surgery for perforating Crohn's disease
Authors: Bellolio F , Cohen Z , MacRae H M , O'Connor B I , Huang H , Victor J C , McLeod R S 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The most common indications for surgery for patients with ileocolic Crohn's disease are fibrostenotic or perforating disease. The objective was to compare surgical outcomes of patients with perforating versus non-perforating disease following ileocolic resection.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of all patients who had their first ileocolic resection between 1990 and 2010, identified from a prospectively maintained inflammatory bowel disease database. Demographic information, preoperative medication, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcome data were collected. Outcomes in patients who had an abscess drained before surgery or were found to have a fistula or abscess at surgery or at pathology were compared with outcomes in all others.

Results
A total of 434 patients (56·2 per cent women) were included, 293 with perforating and 141 with non-perforating disease. Median age, tobacco use, and preoperative steroid and biological agent use were similar in the two groups. Forty patients (13·7 per cent) in the perforating group had abscesses drained before surgery and 251 patients had at least one fistula, most commonly to the sigmoid colon. Patients with perforating disease were more likely to require preoperative total parenteral nutrition, need another resection, have an ileostomy and a longer mean postoperative stay, and less likely to undergo a laparoscopic procedure. Patients in this group also developed more postoperative abscesses or leaks (4·8 versus 0 per cent; P = 0·006). The reoperation rate was similar (3·1 versus 0·7 per cent; P = 0·178).

Conclusion
Patients with penetrating Crohn's disease are more likely to require a more complex procedure, and an ileostomy, and to a have longer postoperative stay.
Extent and completeness of mesorectal excision evaluated by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bondeven P , Hagemann-Madsen R H , Laurberg S , Pedersen B Ginnerup 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The major advance in rectal cancer management over the past 20 years has been the standardization of mesorectal excision. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and localization of inadvertent residual mesorectum detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after rectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Postoperative T2-weighted MRI of the pelvis was performed on patients following mesorectal excision. A multidisciplinary team radiologist evaluated the images with regard to residual mesorectum and distal margin. Only mesorectum above the level of the anastomosis perpendicular to the bowel was regarded as inadvertent residual mesorectum after partial mesorectal excision. Histopathological records, standardized photographs and clinical records were assessed. The pathology and MRI findings were evaluated independently in a blinded fashion.

Results
MRI-detected residual mesorectum was identified in 54 (39·7 per cent) of 136 patients. There was agreement with the pathology findings in 88 patients (64·7 per cent). Residual mesorectum was more frequent in patients treated with partial mesorectal excision (63 per cent) than those who had total mesorectal excision (36 per cent) or abdominoperineal resection (13 per cent) (P &lt; 0·001). Pathology and MRI findings both showed that the distal resection margin after partial mesorectal excision was less than 5 cm in more than three-quarters of patients, and less than 3 cm in more than one-third.

Conclusion
Inadvertent residual mesorectum was commonly found on postoperative MRI, especially after partial mesorectal excision.
New Pterosin Sesquiterpenes and Antitubercular Constituents from Pteris ensiformis
Authors: Chen Jih‐Jung , Wang Tai‐Chi , Yang Chieh‐Kai , Liao Hsiang‐Ruei , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Chen Ih‐Sheng , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Peng Chien‐Fang , Chen Jinn‐Fen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo new pterosin sesquiterpenes, (2S)‐13‐hydroxypterosin A (1) and (2S,3S)‐12‐hydroxypterosin Q (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Pteris ensiformis, together with six known compounds. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined through extensive 1D/2D‐NMR and MS analyses. Compound 2 exhibited antitubercular activity (MIC 6.25 μg/ml) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro.