bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff engagement as a target for managing work environments in psychiatric hospitals: implications for workforce stability and quality of care
Authors: Van Bogaert Peter , Clarke Sean , Willems Riet , Mondelaers Mieke 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo examine relationships between practice environment ratings, workload, work engagement, job outcomes and assessments of quality of care in nursing personnel in psychiatric hospitals.DesignCross‐sectional survey.BackgroundA broad base of research studies in health care reveals important links between work environment factors, staff burnout and organisational outcomes that merit examination in inpatient mental healthcare settings. Work engagement, a positively framed parallel construct for burnout, may offer an additional insight into the impacts of work on staff.MethodsA sample of 357 registered nurses (65·5%), licensed practical nurses (23·5%) and non‐registered caregiver (10·6%) of two Belgian psychiatric hospitals were surveyed. A causal model was tested using structural equation modelling, whereby it was proposed that work engagement would be influenced by work environment factors and itself impact perceived quality of care and staff job outcomes such as job satisfaction and turnover intentions.ResultsAn adjusted model was confirmed. Practice environment features influenced staff vigour and dedication and demonstrated positive effects on job satisfaction, turnover intentions and perceived quality of care through their effects on absorption.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that work engagement is a likely direct consequence of practice environments that may ultimately have impacts on both staff and patient outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceLeaders, nurse managers, clinicians as well as nurses themselves should be aware of the importance of work environments in mental healthcare facilities that favour engagement. Future efforts should focus on developing and sustaining practice environments that engage mental healthcare workers within interdisciplinary teams with the goal of creating a stable workforce possessing optimal possible knowledge, skills and abilities for delivering care.
Effects of chelated iron on oogenesis and vegetative growth of kelp gametophytes (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Lewis Raymond J. , Green Molly K. , Afzal Melinda E. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe supply of iron has been reported to affect gametogenesis in the gametophytes of some species of kelps (order Laminariales). Spores of the kelps Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht, Dictyoneurum californicum Ruprecht, Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug, Laminaria setchellii Silva, and Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh were cultured in enriched seawater with and without added chelated iron (Fe‐ethylenediaminetetraacetate) to determine the effects of iron on oogenesis. All species showed a decrease in oogenesis without added Fe‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Gametophytes of E. menziesii showed predominant gametogenesis with or without supplied iron, resulting in all cells being converted to gametes so that vegetative growth did not continue. Vegetative gametophytes were obtained in the other species used. Gametophytes of M. pyrifera did not show any oogenesis without added Fe‐EDTA, while those of L. setchellii, A. marginata and D. californicum were intermediate in their response, showing some gametogenesis without added Fe‐EDTA. When Fe‐EDTA supply was delayed by 6, 13 and 20 days with spores of M. pyrifera, the gametophytes produced fewer eggs, with a greater decrease as the delay grew longer. A range of Fe‐EDTA concentrations was investigated using isolated female gametophytes of two strains of M. pyrifera and one of Macrocystis integrifolia Bory. None of these three strains produced gametes without the addition of Fe‐EDTA. Gametophytes of M. integrifolia required the least amount of added Fe‐EDTA to achieve gametogenesis while gametophytes of M. pyrifera required higher amounts, with the two strains showing somewhat different responses. Iron nutrition appears to be an essential factor for gametogenesis in several species of kelps.
Frost increases beech susceptibility to scolytine ambrosia beetles
Authors: La Spina Sylvie , De Cannière Charles , Dekri Anissa , Grégoire Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2012

In the early 2000s, beech forests in Western Europe suffered from a so far unexplained burst of mortality. Necroses, ambrosia‐beetle and fungal attacks were observed on the trunks. The symptoms were similar to previous events reported throughout the 20th Century.
One current hypothesis is that these phenomena were related to early frost events for which the trees were physiologically unprepared and which made them vulnerable to biotic attacks. In the present study, we aimed to test this hypothesis further, by retrospective meteorological analyses and also by an experimental approach.
Our meteorological analyses highlighted the occurrence of cold waves a year before the beech declines were reported in 1929, 1942 and 1998.
In our experimental approach, frost injuries were inflicted to mature trees in a beech stand using dry ice. The treated trees were more attractive to insects than untreated controls. Insect attacks were observed in the treated zones on the trees but colonization was not very successful. The galleries had aborted most of the time with only a few larval chambers. Very few insects were caught in emergence traps.
The results of these two approaches support and strengthen the hypothesis that frost induced beech dieback. Frost injuries increased tree attraction to ambrosia beetles to the point of inducing attacks. However, the overall success of these attacks was much lower than that observed in the 2000s. These differences might reflect limitations in our experimental approach, where frost wounding was applied locally to the trees.
The Squatters' Movement in Europe: A Durable Struggle for Social Autonomy in Urban Politics
Authors: López Miguel A. Martínez 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSquatting empty properties for living or to develop public activities has lasted in European cities for more than three decades. Although local and national contexts differ significantly, there are also some general trends and patterns that deserve careful attention. When squatting occasionally appears in public debates, controversy is generated and many gaps open between academic, social and political perceptions. In this article I use evidence from several European cities to argue that the squatters' movement has produced an original impact in urban politics. The main feature of this impact has been to generate a relatively wide autonomous and mainly non‐institutional mode of citizen participation, protest and self‐management. How has this been possible? Which are the specific contributions made by this urban movement? These are questions that both scholars and activists continuously claim to be relevant, so that this research attempts to offer some general answers based on detailed comparisons and experiences.
Framework for Understanding Fair Trade Disintermediation
Authors: Doh Jonathan , Taylor Kenneth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOur research seeks to answer the question of how a conventional commodity supply chain can be transformed into a disintermediated commodity supply chain in the context of the fair trade (FT) movement. We present a normative framework for conceptualizing the disintermediation process, exploring the variables bearing on this process using the case of FT coffee to illustrate our insights. We highlight the motivational sources driving FT, suggesting that it is increasingly to the advantage of multinational enterprises to leverage their market power to circumvent intermediaries in the supply chain and, in so doing, shift a greater share of income and wealth to producing communities. A research agenda centered on building an FT supply‐chain disintermediation index is proposed.
Characteristics of Companies Targeted by Social Proxies: An Empirical Analysis in the Context of the United States
Authors: Rojas Miguel , M'Zali Bouchra , Turcotte Marie‐France , Merrigan Philip 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe compare the traits of companies receiving social policy shareholder resolutions with those of a set of matching firms. We show that targeted firms tend to be much larger and riskier, less profitable and less socially performing than their counterparts. The five largest investors in firms receiving social proxies tend to hold a lower stake in those firms vis‐à‐vis the matching firms. Firms in both samples, however, are not statistically different in terms of percentages of shares held by institutional and insider investors. We provide possible explanations for our results.
Overeducation and Local Labour Markets in Spain
Authors: Ramos Raúl , Sanromá Esteban 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of individual variables and some spatial mobility characteristics of regional labour markets on overeducation in Spain. To achieve this aim, we use microdata from the Spanish Budget Household Survey to estimate a probit model for the probability of overeducation while accounting for sample selection and the presence of data at different levels (individuals and territory). The obtained results permit us to conclude that the sizes of local labour markets and the possibility of extending the job search to other labour markets by commuting are relevant factors in explaining overeducation in the Spanish labour market. In spite of differences in labour market institutions, our results are very similar to those obtained for other countries, particularly when working with more recent data.
A New Classification Scheme for Spinal Vascular Abnormalities based on Angiographic Features
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo determine the interobserver reliability of a newly proposed classification scheme for angiographic classification of spinal vascular malformations including arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).METHODA study was performed done in which 1–2 representative angiographic images of 26 spinal AVFs and/or AVMs were independently classified by five fellows in the ACGME accredited Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology (ESN) program and two external interventionalists in the absence of any other clinical or imaging data. From these observations the interobserver reliability for each category and the overall scheme were determined in terms of the median weighted kappa statistic.RESULTSThe overall interobserver reliability for the new classification scheme was a Kappa of 0.53 (Z= 21.3, P= <.0001) among the seven raters. The Kappa for individual grades was as follows: grade I (k= 0.66), grade II (k= 0.50), grade III (k= 0.44), and grade IV (k= 0.58). Three or more raters agreed on 100% of the cases. The interobserver reliability was high among the two practicing interventionalist raters (k= 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8). The interobserver reliability remained high among junior ESN fellows (k= 0.65).CONCLUSIONThe new classification scheme provided satisfactory reliability even in the hands of less experienced observers. The scheme can be used with minimal training and other concurrent data and can be relied upon to provide consistent results.
Clinical–Radiological Severity Mismatch Phenomenon: Patients with Severe Neurological Deficits Without Matching Infarction on Computed Tomographic Scan
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Chaudhry Saqib A. , Sivagnanam Kamesh , Rodriguez Gustavo J. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Ezzeddine Mustapha A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThe objective was to determine the long‐term outcome of patients with severe persistent neurological deficits without a large infarction on computed tomographic (CT) scan.METHODSWe analyzed the prospectively collected data as part of the randomized, placebo controlled trial in patients with ischemic stroke presenting within 3 hours of symptom onset. Volume of infarction was measured from CT scan acquired at 3 months. Favorable outcome defined by no significant or slight disability on a modified Rankin scale at 12 months. We determined the outcome of patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS score) ≥10 at 24 hours.RESULTSOf the 277 patients with NIHSS score ≥10 at 24 hours, 88 (32%) met the criteria of clinical–radiological severity mismatch. Compared with patients with NIHSS score ≥10 with infarct volume ≥20 cc, the patients with NIHSS score ≥10 and infarct volume <20 cc were older but there were no differences in the gender, race or vascular risk factors. Patients with clinical–radiological severity mismatch were more likely to have a favorable outcome at 12 months compared with those without mismatch (odd ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5‐12.6, P= .0063) after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSIONSWe observed that approximately one‐fourth of patients with severe neurological deficits have clinical–radiological severity mismatch. Such patients appear to have a high rate of favorable outcomes at 1 year.
Occurrence and Prognostic Significance of Cervical Pseudodissection Phenomenon Associated with Acute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Siddiq Farhan , Chaudhry Saqib A. , Das Paramita , Khatri Rakesh , Rodriguez Gustavo , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAcute stroke from intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion can occasionally resemble angiographic cervical ICA dissection which may cause delays in endovascular acute ischemic stroke treatment.OBJECTIVETo determine the angiographic characteristics of the phenomenon of “pseudodissection” and its clinical implications in acute ischemic stroke endovascular treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODSRetrospective analysis of angiographic and clinical data from 31 patients with ischemic acute stroke secondary to intracranial ICA occlusion, treated with endovascular therapy at two University‐affiliated institutions, was performed. Pseudodissection was defined as angiographic appearance of typical cervical ICA dissection with evidence of normal inner vascular wall upon further catheter exploration.RESULTSAngiographic appearance pseudodissection was identified in 7 out of 31 patients (22.6%). Six patients had guide catheters placed proximal to pseudodissection in anticipation of stent placement for treatment of ICA dissection. All 7 patients had further exploration of the presumed dissected segment (6 microcatheter, 1 diagnostic catheter) which demonstrated normal vascular inner wall. The clot was located more commonly in the petro‐cavernous segment in the pseudodissection patients (5/7, 71%). Carotid terminus clot was more common in ICA occlusion patients than pseudodissection patients (18/24, 75% vs. 2/7, 29% respectively, P < .0001). Recanalization was less common in pseudodissection patients compared to ICA occlusion patients (3/7 and 21/24 respectively, P = .029).CONCLUSIONEarly recognition of pseudodissection in the ICA is important in the setting of acute ischemic stroke to avoid delay in treatment of intracranial ICA occlusion.
Shakespeare and Memory
Authors: Wilder Lina Perkins 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhether it is treated as a practical concern, a cultural pattern, or a literary theme, memory in Shakespeare’s plays has produced a vast array of scholarship in the past 15 years. This article addresses the cultural background of memory studies in the arts of memory, the link between the memory arts, book culture, and theater; the place of memory in material culture; the Renaissance conception of the physical effects of memory and forgetting in the body and the ways in which memory and forgetfulness produce subjectivity; the failure of memory, especially in psychoanalysis, trauma theory, and postcolonial studies; and the practical use of memory in the Renaissance theater. Finally, the article considers the potential for further scholarship in cognitive studies, performance theory, cultural studies, and intellectual history and the study of playwrights other than Shakespeare.
‘Eulogiseth Marie: A Critic’s Review of Recent Corelli Scholarship’
Authors: Kuehn Julia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis essay offers an overview of scholarly research conducted on late‐Victorian bestselling author Marie Corelli over the past few decades. It first traces the various phases of scholarly interest in this popular writer: from biography to bibliography and ‘rediscovery’, to the ‘publishing phenomenon’ andzeitgeistcriticism of the past 10 years. In a second step the essay then offers a personal assessment of where Corelli scholarship might be going, or indeed should be going, in the future.
Ocean nomads: Distribution and movements of sperm whales in the North Pacific shown by whaling data and Discovery marks
Authors: Mizroch Sally A. , Rice Dale W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigated the distribution and movements of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the North Pacific by analyzing whaling data and movement data of whales marked with Discovery marks. Prior studies suggested that there were discrete “stocks” of sperm whales, assuming that the intervals between historical areas of concentration indicated subpopulation boundaries. Our analyses clearly refute this assumption: whaling and marking data suggest no obvious divisions between separate demes or stocks within the North Pacific. Sperm whales appear to be nomadic and show widespread movements between areas of concentration, with documented movements of over 5,000 km, time spans between marking and recovery over 20 yr, and ranges that cover many thousand km2. Males appear to range more widely than females. Sperm whales likely travel in response to geographical and temporal variations in the abundance of medium‐ and large‐sized pelagic squids, their primary prey. Our analyses demonstrate that males and females concentrated seasonally in the Subtropical Frontal Zone (ca. 28ºN–34ºN) and the Subarctic Frontal Zone (ca. 40ºN–43ºN), and males also concentrated seasonally near the Aleutian Islands and along the Bering Sea shelf edge. It appears that the sperm whales targeted by the pelagic whalers range widely across this ocean basin.
Pour une protection sociale liée au travail en faveur des travailleurs du secteur informel
Authors: Lund Francie 
Published: December 2012

RésuméA l'heure où le nombre de travailleurs informels augmente dans le monde entier, l'évolution de la structure mondiale de l'emploi et des lieux de travail fait de l'activité professionnelle une source de danger et de problèmes de santé pour nombre de travailleurs pauvres. Or, les travailleurs informels n'ont pas accès à la sécurité sociale liée à l'emploi. Bien qu'exposés à des risques importants du fait de leur activité professionnelle, ils n'ont que peu, voire pas accès à une protection sociale efficace, qu'elle soit formelle ou informelle. Les dispositifs de sécurité sociale qui s’adressent aux citoyens, comme les transferts monétaires, n'accordent pas suffisamment d'attention aux besoins des adultes valides exerçant une activité professionnelle. De plus, les lieux de travail informels ne sont pas visés par la santé et la sécurité au travail (SST) dans sa conception traditionnelle, volet indispensable de la sécurité sociale fondée sur le travail. Il est notamment très difficile pour les travailleurs informels de bénéficier d'éventuelles actions de prévention, ces actions risquant d'entraîner, à court terme, une perte de revenu. Pour que la SST soit accessible au plus grand nombre, il faut réformer son organisation institutionnelle et, en particulier, impliquer les autorités locales et les organisations de travailleurs informels, qui mettent actuellement en place des réseaux sectoriels internationaux influents. A cet égard, le présent article décrit des exemples prometteurs de réformes de laSSTnégociées, bénéficiant à la majorité de la population. Au‐delà, le défi à relever consiste à élaborer une conception plus large de laSST, qui s’adresse spécifiquement aux travailleurs informels en qualité de «travailleurs» plutôt qu'en tant que «citoyens fragiles» ne pouvant prétendre qu'à des dispositifs de protection sociale destinés à lutter contre la pauvreté, et qui comporte officiellement des actions de prévention.
Difficultés à évaluer et à attribuer une indemnisation pour stress mental au titre de la Loi nigériane d'indemnisation des employés de 2010
Authors: Atilola Olayinka 
Published: December 2012

RésuméLe Nigéria compte une population majoritairement jeune et un nombre de postes formels limité, ce qui rend les recherches difficiles et peut conduire au développement de conditions de travail abusives. La Loi d'indemnisation des employés a été adoptée en décembre 2010 afin de répondre à la vulnérabilité des travailleurs nigérians. Elle prévoit l'attribution d'une indemnisation des troubles de la santé mentale, ou stress mental, survenant pendant la période de travail. Le présent article examine les avantages et les lacunes de cette disposition, en particulier les critères définis par la loi sur lesquels doivent se fonder les demandes d'indemnisation de troubles de la santé mentale. Il étudie également les implications politiques plus larges de la loi, dans le cadre de l'élaboration d'un dispositif d'indemnisation des troubles de la santé mentale en Afrique subsaharienne, et avance des propositions pour réviser la loi.
Protection sociale et prévention sanitaire dans les pays en développement: apprécier l'impact des pensions et de l'assurance‐maladie sur la santé
Authors: Lloyd‐Sherlock Peter , Minicuci Nadia , Beard John , Chatterji Somnath 
Published: December 2012

RésuméDans cet article, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure le versement de pensions et l'assurance‐maladie permettent de prévenir les problèmes de santé au sein de la population âgée des pays en développement. Nous avançons que, jusqu'à une période récente, les grandes orientations définies en matière de protection sociale n'accordaient pas suffisamment de place à la prévention des risques pour la santé, donnant la priorité à la réduction de la pauvreté monétaire au moyen de transferts monétaires. Nous montrons que les responsables de l'action publique ne doivent pas partir du principe que l'octroi d'une pension de retraite se traduit systématiquement par une amélioration de l'état de santé des personnes âgées parce que peu de données valident ce postulat. Nous examinons ensuite les effets de l'extension des régimes d'assurance maladie aux personnes âgées sur leur santé, en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à l'hypertension. Nous indiquons, en nous appuyant sur de nouvelles données relatives au Ghana, au Mexique et à l'Afrique du Sud recueillies par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, que les personnes âgées couvertes par une assurance‐maladie n'ont guère plus de chances que leurs homologues non assurées d'être conscientes de souffrir d'une affection comme l'hypertension et de bénéficier d'un traitement efficace. Néanmoins, qu'elle soit ou non couverte par une assurance‐maladie, la grande majorité de la population âgée atteinte d'hypertension ne bénéficie pas d'un traitement efficace. Ces difficultés d'accès aux soins sont davantage liées au fait que les personnes âgées n'ont pas conscience de leurs problèmes de santé et à des carences au niveau de l'offre de soins plutôt qu'à des obstacles financiers. Par conséquent, dans les pays en développement, notamment dans les zones rurales, les régimes de retraite ou d'assurance‐maladie ne peuvent induire une amélioration de l'état de santé des personnes âgées que s’ils s’accompagnent de programmes d'éducation pour la santé et de dépistage, et si l'offre de soins est adaptée. De surcroît, ces mesures doivent faire partie intégrante des stratégies de protection sociale classiques et non être conçues comme complémentaires de ces stratégies. Or, dans la pratique, la protection sociale et la promotion de la santé sont encore considérées comme des sphères presque entièrement distinctes l'une de l'autre, si bien que la mise au point de mesures globales se heurte à d'importantes barrières institutionnelles.