bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the ocean wave climate of New Zealand as represented in Kidson's synoptic types
Authors: Coggins Jack H. J. , Parsons Simon , Schiel David 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown large increases in global significant ocean wave height since the genesis of satellite‐borne altimeter wave observations in the mid‐1980s. The island nation of New Zealand (NZ) has many coastal communities and ecosystems which are sensitive to changes in ocean wave climate. In this article we document regional ocean wave height in the seas around NZ, employing significant wave height output from the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) Re‐analysis (ERA)‐Interim reanalysis. Initially, we perform a comparison against independent satellite altimeter observations in deep waters around NZ. Results indicate that the ERA‐Interim well represents wave heights in this region, although there is some underestimation of extremes. We apply the Kidson types, a synoptic climatology of NZ lower atmospheric circulation to the wave fields, finding that mean swell and wind‐sea heights greatly depend on local weather conditions. High waves in the south of the country coincide with local strong south‐westerly winds, while those in the north are dominated by distantly generated swells, punctuated by strong local events.Linear trend analysis of ocean wave height shows increases that are statistically significant in many areas. Trends vary by location and season, are larger in winter than summer, and appear to change according to different seasonal forcings. We find that summer wave trends are congruent with mean sea‐level pressure gradient trends in large sectors of the Southern Ocean, suggesting that distant forcing is important. In summer, the height of swells has increased over the period examined, while those of locally generated wind‐sea have decreased. This is consistent with the movement south and intensification of the near‐surface westerly jet.In winter, trends are forced via intensification and shifts in the dominant NZ wind patterns. Pressure gradient congruent trends are large only in the vicinity of NZ, and both the heights of swell and wind‐sea have increased over the period.
Association of treatment factors with surgical outcomes in tri‐modality therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Shaikh Talha , Thomay Alan , Ruth Karen , Cohen Steven J. , Meyer Joshua E. 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectivesTo identify the impact of the interval between chemoradiation to surgery on morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing tri‐modality therapy for esophageal cancer.MethodsEighty‐five patients completed chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy between 2006 and 2011. The interval between completion of chemoradiation and surgery was calculated for each patient. We evaluated the association of quartiles and 3‐week groups with morbidity and mortality using logistic regression. Other treatment and clinical factors were also assessed.ResultsA total of 59 patients(69%) experienced at least one complication. When examining specific complications, patients with pulmonary complications had a longer mean time interval from chemoradiation to surgery (P = 0.02). Linear regression showed an association between longer interval between chemoradiation to surgery and hospital length of stay (LOS) >14 days when analyzing by both interval quartile (P = 0.04) and 3‐week intervals (P = 0.04). On multivariable analysis, increased time interval predicted for pulmonary complications (P < 0.01) and LOS >14 days (P = 0.03). When examining other treatment factors, squamous cell histology (P = 0.02) also predicted for a hospital length of stay >14 days.ConclusionsFactors such as interval between completion of chemoradiation and surgery and squamous cell histology may be associated with surgical morbidity. Further data is warranted to confirm these findings. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:629–633. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast screening of analytes for chemical reactions by reactive low‐temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Wei , Huang Guangming 
Published: October 2015

RationaleApproaches for analyte screening have been used to aid in the fine‐tuning of chemical reactions. Herein, we present a simple and straightforward analyte screening method for chemical reactions via reactive low‐temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry (reactive LTP‐MS).MethodsSolution‐phase reagents deposited on sample substrates were desorbed into the vapor phase by action of the LTP and by thermal desorption. Treated with LTP, both reagents reacted through a vapor phase ion/molecule reaction to generate the product. Finally, protonated reagents and products were identified by LTP‐MS.ResultsReaction products from imine formation reaction, Eschweiler‐Clarke methylation and the Eberlin reaction were detected via reactive LTP‐MS. Products from the imine formation reaction with reagents substituted with different functional groups (26 out of 28 trials) were successfully screened in a time of 30 s each. Besides, two short‐lived reactive intermediates of Eschweiler‐Clarke methylation were also detected.ConclusionsLTP in this study serves both as an ambient ionization source for analyte identification (including reagents, intermediates and products) and as a means to produce reagent ions to assist gas‐phase ion/molecule reactions. The present reactive LTP‐MS method enables fast screening for several analytes from several chemical reactions, which possesses good reagent compatibility and the potential to perform high‐throughput analyte screening. In addition, with the detection of various reactive intermediates (intermediates I and II of Eschweiler‐Clarke methylation), the present method would also contribute to revealing and elucidating reaction mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data mining and machine learning in computational creativity
Authors: Toivonen Hannu , Gross Oskar 
Published: October 2015

Creative machines are an old idea, but only recently computational creativity has established itself as a research field with its own identity and research agenda. The goal of computational creativity research is to model, simulate, or enhance creativity using computational methods. Data mining and machine learning can be used in a number of ways to help computers learn how to be creative, such as learning to generate new artifacts or to evaluate various qualities of newly generated artifacts. In this review paper, we give an overview of research in computational creativity with a focus on the roles that data mining and machine learning have had and could have in creative systems. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:265–275. doi: 10.1002/widm.1170This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology
Application Areas > Society and Culture
War and Marriage: Assortative Mating and the World War II GI Bill
Authors: Larsen Matthew F. , McCarthy T. J. , Moulton Jeremy G. , Page Marianne E. , Patel Ankur J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
World War II and its subsequent GI Bill have been widely credited with playing a transformative role in American society, but there have been few quantitative analyses of these historical events’ broad social effects. We exploit between-cohort variation in the probability of military service to investigate how WWII and the GI Bill altered the structure of marriage, and find that it had important spillover effects beyond its direct effect on men’s educational attainment. Our results suggest that the additional education received by returning veterans caused them to “sort” into wives with significantly higher levels of education. This suggests an important mechanism by which socioeconomic status may be passed on to the next generation.
Is a Cardio-Protective Diet Sustainable? A Review of the Synergies and Tensions Between Foods That Promote the Health of the Heart and the Planet
Authors: Downs Shauna M. , Fanzo Jessica 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
There are many synergies between a diet that is healthy for the heart and one that is healthy for the planet, but there may also be tensions. We examined the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition’s double pyramid to describe the carbon, water, and ecological footprints of the components of a cardio-protective diet. Overall, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains all tend to have low carbon and water footprints, while nuts and olive oil have relatively higher water footprints and fish have a high ecological footprint. In order to increase the sustainability of a cardio-protective diet, consumers can choose nuts (e.g., walnuts) and oils (e.g., sunflower) with lower water footprints and sustainably produced fish. However, in order to increase consumption of these foods, parallel efforts should be implemented targeting consumer knowledge and incentives to make these foods more affordable.
Refractory status epilepticus: Febrile Illness Related Epileptic Syndrome (FIRES)
Authors: Sharma Varun , Hegde Anaita , Nabi Fazal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn recent literature, a new entity has emerged, which focuses on a possible non-encephalitic epileptic encephalopathy precipitated by fever in a previously normal child. We report a typical case of Febrile illness related epileptic syndrome (FIRES) from Indian subcontinent. The index case presented with fever and multiple seizures, which progressed to status epilepticus and encephalopathy. All infectious, metabolic and autoimmune markers were negative. Convulsions were refractory to all possible treatment except thiopentone which achieved burst suppression pattern. Breakthrough seizures were prevented by using lacosamide and ketogenic diet along with multiple anticonvulsants. At 1-year follow-up, patient had a relatively good neurological outcome, however has persistent refractory epilepsy.
Effectiveness of Ventricular Intrinsic Preference (VIP™) and Ventricular AutoCapture (VAC) algorithms in pacemaker patients: Results of the validate study
Authors: Yadav Rakesh , Jaswal Aparna , Chennapragada Sridevi , Kamath Prakash , Hiremath Shirish M.S. , Kahali Dhiman , Anand Sumit , Sood Naresh K. , Mishra Anil , Makkar Jitendra S. , Kaul Upendra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundSeveral past clinical studies have demonstrated that frequent and unnecessary right ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome and compromised atrio‐ventricular conduction (AVC) produces long‐term adverse effects. The safety and efficacy of two pacemaker algorithms, Ventricular Intrinsic Preference™ (VIP) and Ventricular AutoCapture (VAC), were evaluated in a multi‐center study in pacemaker patients.MethodsWe evaluated 80 patients across 10 centers in India. Patients were enrolled within 15 days of dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR) implantation, and within 45 days thereafter were classified to either a compromised AVC (cAVC) arm or an intact AVC (iAVC) arm based on intrinsic paced/sensed (AV/PV) delays. In each arm, patients were then randomized (1:1) into the following groups: VIP OFF and VAC OFF (Control group; CG), or VIP ON and VAC ON (Treatment Group; TG). Subsequently, the AV/PV delays in the CG groups were mandatorily programmed at 180/150 ms, and to up to 350 ms in the TG groups. The percentage of right ventricular pacing (%RVp) evaluated at 12‐month post‐implantation follow‐ups were compared between the two groups in each arm. Additionally, in‐clinic time required for collecting device data was compared between patients programmed with the automated AutoCapture algorithm activated (VAC ON) vs. the manually programmed method (VAC OFF).ResultsPatients randomized to the TG with the VIP algorithm activated exhibited a significantly lower %RVp at 12 months than those in the CG in both the cAVC arm (39±41% vs. 97±3%; p=0.0004) and the iAVC arm (15±25% vs. 68±39%; p=0.0067). In‐clinic time required to collect device data was less in patients with the VAC algorithm activated. No device‐related adverse events were reported during the year‐long study period.ConclusionsIn our study cohort, the use of the VIP algorithm significantly reduced the %RVp, while the VAC algorithm reduced in‐clinic time needed to collect device data.
Predictive Factors for Determining the Clinical Severity of Pediatric Scorpion Envenomation Cases in Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Çağlar Aykut , Köse Halil , Babayiğit Aslan , Öner Taliha , Duman Murat 
Published: October 2015

Objective The aim of this study was to define the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory manifestations of scorpion envenomation and to identify factors that are predictive of severe cases. Methods The medical files of 41 scorpion envenomation cases were reviewed retrospectively. The cases were classified as mild-moderate or severe. The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of patients were recorded. Results There were 27 patients (65.9%) in the mild-moderate group and 14 patients (34.1%) in the severe group. The median age of all patients was 48 months. The most common systemic finding was cold extremities (41.5%). In all patients, the most commonly observed dysrhythmia was sinus tachycardia (34.1%). Two patients (4.9%) had pulseless ventricular tachycardia and died. Pulmonary edema and myocarditis were observed in 9 patients (22%). Median values of leukocyte and glucose levels were markedly increased in the severe group. Additionally, the mean thrombocyte level (540,857 ± 115,261 cells/mm3) in the severe group was significantly increased compared with the mild-moderate group (391,365 ± 150,017 cells/mm3). Thrombocyte levels exhibited a positive correlation with leukocyte and glucose values and a negative correlation with patient left ventricular ejection fraction. Multivariate analysis of laboratory parameters indicated that the most predictive factor for clinical severity is thrombocytosis (odds ratio 23.9; 95% CI: 1.6–353.5, P = .021). Conclusions Although our results share some similarities with those of other reports, thrombocytosis was markedly increased in the severe group and served as the most predictive laboratory factor of clinical severity.
The class Somasteroidea (Echinodermata, Asterozoa): morphology and occurrence
Authors: Blake Daniel B. , Guensburg Thomas E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe class Somasteroidea Spencer, 1951, is basal within the subphylum Asterozoa. Members are most readily recognized by presence of series of rod-like so-called virgal ossicles extending laterally from each ambulacral ossicle. Five somasteroid genera are recognized and assigned to two families. Four genera are Gondwanan, three of these (Chinianaster,Thoralaster,Villebrunaster) from the Lower Ordovician Tremadocian of France and one (Archegonaster) from the Middle Ordovician upper Darriwilian of the Czech Republic. The fifth genus,Ophioxenikos, is Laurentian from the Floian of Nevada.Catervaparmaster, previously assigned to the Somasteroidea, is left in open nomenclature; absence of virgal-series ossicles favors a lineage apart from the principal asterozoan clades. Asterozoan fossils are readily separated from fossils of other echinoderm groups. The subphylum therefore is thought to be monophyletic, its ancestry unknown. Skeletonized representatives of the four major asterozoan clades first occur through a relatively narrow Early Ordovician stratigraphic interval. Robust skeletons therefore are thought to have evolved after a time of unknown duration including only lineages that were no more than weakly calcified. The French occurrences are from a relatively deep distal shelf setting on soft substrates whereas the Nevada occurrence was in a shallower, active setting. Differences document early ecologic diversification.
Impact of palm date consumption on microbiota growth and large intestinal health: a randomised, controlled, cross-over, human intervention study
Authors: Eid Noura , Osmanova Hristina , Natchez Cecile , Walton Gemma , Costabile Adele , Gibson Glenn , Rowland Ian , Spencer Jeremy P. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reported inverse association between the intake of plant-based foods and a reduction in the prevalence of colorectal cancer may be partly mediated by interactions between insoluble fibre and (poly)phenols and the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we assessed the impact of palm date consumption, rich in both polyphenols and fibre, on the growth of colonic microbiota and markers of colon cancer risk in a randomised, controlled, cross-over human intervention study. A total of twenty-two healthy human volunteers were randomly assigned to either a control group (maltodextrin–dextrose, 37·1 g) or an intervention group (seven dates, approximately 50 g). Each arm was of 21 d duration and was separated by a 14-d washout period in a cross-over manner. Changes in the growth of microbiota were assessed by fluorescencein situhybridisation analysis, whereas SCFA levels were assessed using HPLC. Further, ammonia concentrations, faecal water genotoxicity and anti-proliferation ability were also assessed using different assays, which included cell work and the Comet assay. Accordingly, dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements and bowel movement assessment were also carried out. Although the consumption of dates did not induce significant changes in the growth of select bacterial groups or SCFA, there were significant increases in bowel movements and stool frequency (P<0·01;n21) and significant reductions in stool ammonia concentration (P<0·05;n21) after consumption of dates, relative to baseline. Furthermore, date fruit intake significantly reduced genotoxicity in human faecal water relative to control (P<0·01;n21). Our data indicate that consumption of date fruit may reduce colon cancer risk without inducing changes in the microbiota.
Predicted vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to offspring forearm fractures in childhood: a study from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Petersen Sesilje B. , Strøm Marin , Maslova Ekaterina , Granström Charlotta , Vestergaard Peter , Mølgaard Christian , Olsen Sjurdur F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn a prospective cohort study, the association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures during childhood and adolescence was analysed in 30 132 mother and child pairs recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort between 1996 and 2002. Data on characteristics, dietary factors and lifestyle factors were collected on several occasions during pregnancy. We analysed the association between predicted vitamin D status, based on a subsample with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) biomarker measurements (n1497) from gestation week 25, and first-time forearm fractures among offspring between birth and end of follow-up. Diagnoses were extracted from the Danish National Patient Register. Multivariable Cox regression models using age as the underlying time scale indicated no overall association between predicted vitamin D status (based on smoking, season, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, tanning bed use and outdoor physical activity) in pregnancy and offspring forearm fractures. Likewise, measured 25(OH)D, tanning bed use and dietary vitamin D intake were not associated with offspring forearm fractures. In mid-pregnancy, 91 % of the women reported intake of vitamin D from dietary supplements. Offspring of women who took >10 µg/d in mid-pregnancy had a significantly increased risk for fractures compared with the reference level of zero intake (hazard ratios (HR) 1·31; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·62), but this was solely among girls (HR 1·48; 95 % CI 1·10, 2·00). Supplement use in the peri-conceptional period exhibited similar pattern, although not statistically significant. In conclusion, our data indicated no protective effect of maternal vitamin D status with respect to offspring forearm fractures.
Biomarkers predicting chemotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a review
Authors: Cosway B , Paleri V , Wilson J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Biomarkers are increasingly being used in many cancers to select patients for oncological treatment paradigms based on their inherent genetic properties. However, in head and neck cancers, there are no personalised therapies available outside the context of a clinical trial. A number of studies suggest there are intrinsic tumour properties of head and neck cancers that affect their response to chemotherapeutic agents. This paper aimed to review their evidence base.Method:A narrative review was conducted following a search of the PubMed database.Results and conclusion:The review identified a number of biomarkers predicting response to chemotherapy in head and neck cancers. The paper discusses these in detail, and explores where future research could be directed in order to deliver personalised therapies for patients with head and neck cancers.
Control and disturbances compensation in underactuated robotic systems using the derivative-free nonlinear Kalman filter
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos G. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYThe Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter is used for developing a robust controller which can be applied to underactuated MIMO robotic systems. The control problem for underactuated robots is non-trivial and becomes further complicated if the robot is subjected to model uncertainties and external disturbances. Using differential flatness theory it is shown that the model of a closed-chain 2-DOF robotic manipulator can be transformed to linear canonical form. For the linearized equivalent of the robotic system it is shown that a state feedback controller can be designed. Since certain elements of the state vector of the linearized system cannot be measured directly, it is proposed to estimate them with the use of a novel filtering method, the so-called Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter. Moreover, by redesigning the Kalman Filter as a disturbance observer, it is shown that one can estimate simultaneously external disturbance terms that affect the robotic model or disturbance terms which are associated with parametric uncertainty. The efficiency of the proposed Kalman Filter-based control scheme is tested in the case of a 2-DOF planar robotic manipulator that has the structure of a closed-chain mechanism.
Interferometric Diffraction from Amorphous Double Films
Authors: Rezikyan Aram , Belcourt James A. , Treacy Michael M. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe explore the interference fringes that arise in diffraction patterns from double-layer amorphous samples where there is a substantial separation, up to about a micron, between two overlapping thin films. This interferometric diffraction geometry, where both waves have interacted with the specimen, reveals phase gradients within microdiffraction patterns. The rapid fading of the observed fringes as the magnitude of the diffraction vector increases confirms that displacement decoherence is strong in high-energy electron scattering from amorphous samples. The fading of fringes with increasing layer separation indicates an effective illumination coherence length of about 225 nm, which is consistent with the value of 270 nm expected for the heated Schottky field emitter source. A small reduction in measured coherence length is expected because of the additional energy spread induced in the beam after it passes through the first layer.