bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, Organic Acid and Sugar Contents of 12 Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Cultivars Grown in Turkey
Authors: Hayaloglu Ali Adnan , Demir Nurullah 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhysical characteristics, antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of 12 cultivars (Prunus avium L.) of sweet cherry (Belge, Bing, Dalbasti, Durona di Cesena, Lambert, Merton Late, Starks Gold, Summit, Sweetheart, Van, Vista, and 0–900 Ziraat) were investigated. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among tested cultivars for pH, total soluble solid, hardness, color parameters, antioxidant activities and pomological measurements (P < 0.05). The color parameters were important tools for the determination of fruit maturity and anthocyanin contents. Belge cultivar showed the highest levels of total phenolic and anthocyanin, while Starks Gold contained the lowest level of anthocyanins. The darker cultivars, measured by ABTS+•, DPPH• and FRAP, exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the lighter ones. Bing (42.78 g/kg) and Sweetheart (40.53 g/kg) cultivars contained higher levels of malic acid, which was the most intense organic acid in sweet cherries. Four different sugars were observed in the samples and their concentrations ordered as glucose > fructose >> sucrose > xylose. Sugar alcohol in the cherries was represented by sorbitol (more than 90%) and its concentration varied between 13.93 and 27.12 g/kg. As a result significant differences were observed among the physical properties and chemical constituents of the cherry cultivars.
Quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis by digital image analysis: Relationship to Ishak staging and elasticity by shear‐wave elastography
Authors: Yegin Ender Gunes , Yegin Korkut , Karatay Emrah , Kombak Erdem Faruk , Tuney Davut , Ataizi‐Celikel Cigdem , Ozdogan Osman Cavit 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between fibrosis staged by Ishak stage and quantified by digital image analysis (DIA), and to reveal the optimum performance of shear‐wave elastography (SWE) using quantitative DIA measurements as a comparative histological standard.MethodsThe proportionate area (PA) of fibrosis was measured by DIA from images of the PA of trichrome‐stain (TPA) of 168 chronic hepatitis patients. SWE was performed in 105 patients. The accuracy of SWE for predicting the fibrosis defined by quantitative PA thresholds (≥2.5%, ≥5%, ≥10% and ≥20%, respectively) and by Ishak stages was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsDIA was proven to be highly reproducible (interclass correlation coefficient  0.926). The TPA range corresponding to each Ishak stage was large, widened as stages progressed, and reached its greatest extent in cirrhosis. TPA magnified at ×50 ranges 11.9–56% for Ishak stage F5–6. A good correlation between TPA and elasticity was presented for more advanced fibrosis (TPA ≥10%, rs = 0.732, P = 0.000) than milder fibrosis (TPA <10%, rs = 0.308, P = 0.006). With the advance of fibrosis either by stages or PA thresholds the discriminative accuracy of SWE gradually increased, but was less satisfactory for milder fibrosis.ConclusionsDIA may serve as a reproducible and reliable quantitative standard for surrogate tests for liver fibrosis. The performance and correlation of SWE with the fibrotic extent were better for advanced fibrosis, but less satisfactory for milder fibrosis.
Biomarkers of inflammation in major vascular surgery: a prospective randomised trial
Authors: LINDHOLM E. E. , AUNE E. , SELJEFLOT I. , OTTERSTAD J. E. , KIRKEBØEN K. A. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSurgery induces inflammation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines are associated with post‐operative complications. In cardiac surgery, it has been shown that volatile anaesthetics have cardioprotective properties. We explored whether sevoflurane affects the pro‐inflammatory response favourably compared with total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) after surgery.MethodsWe measured monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), C‐reactive protein (CRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 perioperatively and evaluated if the anaesthetic regimen affected these mediators. Our hypothesis was that sevoflurane‐based anaesthesia is associated with a reduced release of biomarkers of inflammation compared with TIVA with propofol/remifentanil.ResultsIn the total population, MCP‐1, MMP‐9, IL‐6 and IL‐8 increased 30 min after arrival intensive care unit, compared with before surgery (P < 0.001), whereas CRP and VCAM‐1 transiently declined (P < 0.001). From 30 min after arrival intensive care unit to 1st post‐operative day, MCP‐1 and IL‐6 levels declined (P < 0.001), CRP and VCAM‐1 increased (P < 0.001), whereas MMP‐9 and IL‐8 were not significantly altered. Pre‐operatively there were no significant differences in any variables between the two anaesthetic groups. Lower levels of MCP‐1 and IL‐8 (P < 0.001) and higher levels of IL‐6 and MMP‐9 (P = 0.003) were found in the sevoflurane group, compared with the TIVA group 30 min post‐operatively. CRP and VCAM‐1 levels did not differ. There were no significant differences between the two anaesthetic groups before surgery or at 1st post‐operative day.ConclusionWe found an inflammatory response during the observation period, which was modified by the anaesthetic regimen in the early phase. This short‐lasting difference is probably too short to support a cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane compared with TIVA in open abdominal aortic surgery.
Difference in inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from obese and non‐obese schizophrenic patients
Authors: Sirota P. , Hadi E. , Djaldetti M. , Bessler H. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveSchizophrenic patients have an increased risk for obesity compared with the general population. Evidence suggests the existence of an inflammatory process in the etiology of both obesity and schizophrenia. Our study compares in vitro secretion of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from obese and non‐obese schizophrenic patients.MethodMononuclear cells were isolated from 20 obese (BMI >27) and 20 non‐obese (BMI <24) schizophrenic in‐patients. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐1ra, IL‐10 or IL‐2 and IFN‐γ in the supernatants of stimulated PBMC, as well as leptin and adiponectin serum values were evaluated.ResultsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients in the obese group showed a significantly increased TNF‐α and IL‐1β production, whereas the release of IL‐1ra was decreased as compared with the non‐obese group. In the obese group, the serum concentration of leptin was significantly higher and that of adiponectin was significantly lower. The results of the remaining cytokines did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionOur study indicates the existence of a difference between obese and non‐obese schizophrenic subjects as for inflammatory cytokine production and serum leptin and adiponectin levels, suggesting a ‘subclinical inflammatory state’ in obese schizophrenic patients that may contribute to a predisposition to inflammation and infections.
Phylogenetic placement of Australian carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: King Jocelyn E , Riegler Markus , Thomas Richard G , Spooner‐Hart Robert N 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAustralia hosts two endemic species of silphid beetles, Ptomaphila lacrymosa and Ptomaphila perlata, and a third species, Diamesus osculans, that also occurs throughout south‐east Asia. While field studies have shown that Silphidae can provide useful information for determining the post‐mortem interval, the inability to identify larvae in locations with multiple species excludes this application. Before molecular diagnostic tools can be developed for larvae of the three Australian species, an analysis of their phylogenetic relationship is required. However, this has previously not been attempted by using molecular markers. Including DNA sequences of non‐endemic silphid species, we determined the phylogenetic placement of all three Australian species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers from morphologically identified adult specimens. In our study, Ptomaphila spp. grouped with South American Oxelytrum at the base of the Silphinae and thus represent ancient lineages from the southern hemisphere. Our findings support previous theories that the truncate elytra only found within Necrodini (i.e. Diamesus and Necrodes of the subfamily Silphinae) and the subfamily of Nicrophorinae result from convergent evolution. In an attempt to identify larvae of the three Australian silphid species collected within two locations in the Hawkesbury region near Sydney, we developed a preliminary PCR‐based tool for their molecular identification using the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences obtained from the morphologically identified adult specimens. Sequence analysis and species characteristic PCR amplicon sizes provided a reliable method for identification of silphid larvae from this location to species level in the absence of any comparative morphological keys and descriptions for these life stages, although it is recommended that this method be tested for individuals from throughout the species' distribution in the future.
Sustained effect of grass pollen subcutaneous immunotherapy on suppression of allergen‐specific basophil response; a real‐life, nonrandomized controlled study
Authors: Zidarn M. , Košnik M. , Šilar M. , Bajrović N. , Korošec P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundAn important advantage of allergen immunotherapy as compared to pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis is the long‐term effect that persists after completing immunotherapy. The mechanism of the sustained effect of allergen immunotherapy is not completely understood.MethodsWe conducted a 7‐year study of monitoring allergen‐specific basophil response and serological markers in 20 subjects with moderate‐to‐severe grass pollen‐allergic rhinitis just before beginning and after up‐dosing of subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy, before the first pollen season, and 1–2 years after completion of 3–5 years of treatment. Comparable untreated rhinitis subjects were followed at the same time points. Clinical outcomes included assessment of symptoms, use of rescue medication, and quality of life. The basophil response was also monitored after removal of IgG antibodies.ResultsBasophil response assessed as area under the curve (AUC) halved during initiation of SCIT and was 55% lower 1–2 years after completing SCIT. In the untreated group, the basophil response remained comparable. Although immunotherapy‐induced grass pollen‐specific IgG4 levels decreased to near pre‐immunotherapy levels after completing SCIT, the removal of IgG antibodies resulted in an increase in basophil response almost to the pre‐immunotherapy levels. In untreated subjects, removal of IgG did not have any effect on basophil response.ConclusionsGrass pollen immunotherapy induces sustained suppression of the allergen‐specific basophil response that persists after completion of treatment and could account for long‐term clinical tolerance. It also seems to be associated with persistent blocking activity of IgG antibodies.
Expression of oxytocin receptors in the uterine junctional zone in women with adenomyosis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yu Pei , Sun Fujing , Li Tin Chiu , Cheng Jiu mei , Duan Hua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the expression of oxytocin receptor in the uterine junctional zone of the fundus and isthmus in the proliferative and secretory phases in women with and without adenomyosis.DesignExperimental prospective clinical study.SettingTertiary gynecologic medical center.PopulationTwenty‐nine women with adenomyosis (15 in proliferative phase, 14 in secretory phase) and 27 women without adenomyosis (15 in proliferative phase, 12 in secretory phase).MethodsSamples from the uterine fundus and isthmus were obtained at hysterectomy. The expression of oxytocin receptor was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.Main outcome measuresImmuno‐reactive score was used evaluate semi‐quantitatively the oxytocin receptor expression.ResultsIn normal uteri, the expression of oxytocin receptor in the isthmus was significantly higher than in the fundus in the proliferative phase (p < 0.01) but the opposite distribution pattern was observed in the secretory phase. Conversely, in adenomyosis uteri, the expression of oxytocin receptor in the fundus was significantly higher than in the isthmus in the proliferative phase (p < 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in the secretory phase. Moreover, oxytocin receptor expression in the fundus of adenomyosis uteri was higher than that in the control uteri in both the proliferative and secretory phases.ConclusionsThe expression pattern of oxytocin receptor in the normal junctional zone is disrupted in women with adenomyosis. This may be one possible explanation for the symptomatology of the condition.
Vitrectomy combined with endolaser or an encircling scleral buckle in primary retinal detachment surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Falkner‐Radler Christiane I. , Graf Alexandra , Binder Susanne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo compare pars plana vitrectomy and 360° endolaser therapy with pars plana vitrectomy and an encircling scleral buckle for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in a randomized pilot study including 60 patients.MethodsMain outcome measures were single‐surgery anatomic success rate and final best‐corrected visual acuity at 6 months follow‐up. Cofactors analysed were complication rates, patients' comfort, refractive outcome and macula status assessed using a spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography.ResultsWith differences between both treatment groups regarding type of the retinal detachment, localization of retinal tears (p = 0.0085) and the choice of the intraocular tamponade (p < 0.0202), there were no significant differences between the single‐surgery anatomic success rate (93.33% both groups, p = 1.0) and the visual acuity at final follow‐up (≤0.3 logMAR [logarithm of minimum angle of resolution] in 66.67% in the endolaser group versus 40.0% in the scleral buckle group, p = 0.0514). Questionnaire responses showed lower levels of patients’ discomfort in the endolaser group. A significant difference between both groups was found in the refractive error change after surgery (−0.20 ± 0.51 dioptres in the endolaser group versus −0.88 ± 0.88 dioptres in the scleral buckle group, p = 0.0003).ConclusionPrimary vitrectomy combined with 360° endolaser therapy seems to be as effective as vitrectomy combined with an encircling scleral buckle in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, with possible benefits of an improved patients' comfort and a more stable refractive status after surgery.
Up‐regulated integrinα4β1 on systemic lymphocytes and serum IL‐17A in interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Taooka Yasuyuki , Ohe Miki , Tada Mitsuhiro , Sutani Akihisa , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsIn interstitial pneumonia (IP), lymphocytes play an important role in lung injury and the involvement of integrinα4β1 on leukocytes has previously been reported in animal models. Although the integrinα4β1 expression level is known to be up‐regulated by inflammatory cytokines, the involvement of interleukin (IL)‐17A is unclear. The purpose of this study is to address the possible involvement of integrinα4β1 on circulating lymphocytes and its correlation with serum IL‐17A in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs).MethodsWe measured the expression levels of integrinα4β1 on peripheral lymphocytes and the serum concentration of IL‐17A and IL‐23 in subjects with ILDs (n = 27; 14 males and 13 females, 66.7 ± 7.8 years old) and control subjects (n = 10; 5 males and 5 females, 66.6 ± 4.6 years old).ResultsRecombinant IL‐17A up‐regulated expression levels of integrinα4β1 on healthy human lymphocytes in an in vitro experiment. Expression levels of integrinα4β1 were significantly higher in those with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and non‐specific IP (NSIP) compared with control. Serum IL‐17A concentration was also significantly increased in acute HP and NSIP subjects compared with control. And IL‐17A concentration positively correlated with integrinα4β1 expression level (P < 0.05). Serum IL‐23 was below the minimal detectable level in all subjects.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that up‐regulated levels of integrinα4β1 on systemic lymphocytes and elevated serum IL‐17A might be involved in the extravasation of lymphocytes in IP.
Functional analysis of centipede development supports roles for Wnt genes in posterior development and segment generation
Authors: Hayden Luke , Schlosser Gerhard , Arthur Wallace 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe genes of the Wnt family play important and highly conserved roles in posterior growth and development in a wide range of animal taxa. Wnt genes also operate in arthropod segmentation, and there has been much recent debate regarding the relationship between arthropod and vertebrate segmentation mechanisms. Due to its phylogenetic position, body form, and possession of many (11) Wnt genes, the centipedeStrigamia maritimais a useful system with which to examine these issues. This study takes a functional approach based on treatment with lithium chloride, which causes ubiquitous activation of canonical Wnt signalling. This is the first functional developmental study performed in any of the 15,000 species of the arthropod subphylum Myriapoda. The expression of all 11 Wnt genes inStrigamiawas analyzed in relation to posterior development. Three of these genes,Wnt11,Wnt5, andWntA, were strongly expressed in the posterior region and, thus, may play important roles in posterior developmental processes. In support of this hypothesis, LiCl treatment ofS. maritimaembryos was observed to produce posterior developmental defects and perturbations inAbdBandDeltaexpression. The effects of LiCl differ depending on the developmental stage treated, with more severe effects elicited by treatment during germband formation than by treatment at later stages. These results support a role for Wnt signalling in conferring posterior identity inStrigamia. In addition, data from this study are consistent with the hypothesis of segmentation based on a “clock and wavefront” mechanism operating in this species.
Simpler is better: fewer non‐target insects trapped with a four‐component chemical lure vs. a chemically more complex food‐type bait for Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Cha Dong H. , Hesler Stephen P. , Park Shinyoung , Adams Todd B. , Zack Richard S. , Rogg Helmuth , Loeb Gregory M. , Landolt Peter J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBaits – fermented food products – are generally attractive to many types of insects, which makes it difficult to sort through non‐target insects to monitor a pest species of interest. We test the hypothesis that a chemically simpler and more defined attractant developed for a target insect is more specific and attracts fewer non‐target insects than a chemically more complex food‐type bait. A four‐component chemical lure isolated from a food bait and optimized for the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), was compared to the original wine/vinegar bait to assess the relative responses of non‐target insects. In several field experiments in Washington State, USA, it was shown that numbers of pest muscid flies, cutworm and armyworm moths, and pest yellowjackets were reduced in traps baited with the chemical lure compared to the wine/vinegar bait. In other field experiments in the states of Washington, Oregon, and New York, numbers of non‐target drosophilid flies were also reduced in traps baited with the chemical lure relative to wine/vinegar bait. In Washington, numbers of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila obscura Fallen species groups and Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant were reduced in the chemical lure traps, whereas in New York, D. melanogaster and D. obscura species groups, D. immigrans, Drosophila putrida Sturtevant, Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, Drosophila tripunctata Loew, and Chymomyza spp. numbers were reduced. In Oregon, this same effect was observed with the D. melanogaster species group. Taken together, these results indicate that the four‐component SWD chemical lure will be more selective for SWD compared to fermentation baits, which should reduce time and cost involved in trapping in order to monitor SWD.
Eco‐evolutionary experience in novel species interactions
Authors: Saul Wolf‐Christian , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA better understanding of how ecological novelty influences interactions in new combinations of species is key for predicting interaction outcomes, and can help focus conservation and management efforts on preventing the introduction of novel organisms or species (including invasive species, GMOs, synthetic organisms, resurrected species and emerging pathogens) that seem particularly ‘risky’ for resident species. Here, we consider the implications of different degrees of eco‐evolutionary experience of interacting resident and non‐resident species, define four qualitative risk categories for estimating the probability of successful establishment and impact of novel species and discuss how the effects of novelty change over time. Focusing then on novel predator–prey interactions, we argue that novelty entails density‐dependent advantages for non‐resident species, with their largest effects often being at low prey densities. This is illustrated by a comparison of predator functional responses and prey predation risk curves between novel species and ecologically similar resident species, and raises important issues for the conservation of endangered resident prey species.
Internal Market Rationality, Private Law and the Direction of the Union: Resuscitating the Market as the Object of the Political
Authors: Bartl Marija 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a concept of ‘internal market rationality’ for the analysis of the political, legal and economic consequences of European integration. Internal market rationality refers to a specific pattern of political action in the field of internal market, which has emerged gradually due to the confluence of three main factors: first, the EU's functional institutional design; second, the processes of post‐national juridification; and third, a more contingent influence of ideas. In the interplay of those three factors, the interpretation of internal market has become overdetermined, restricting thereby the space of (democratic) politics in its regulation. This reification of internal market rationality has had a direct influence on the content of European law, as I demonstrate through the example of European private law. Internal market rationality has transformed the very concept of justice underpinning private law, the concept of the person or subject of law, the (re)distributive pattern of private law as well as the normative basis on which private law stands. I argue, finally, that a close examination of the legal, institutional and ideological arrangement behind internal market rationality provides clues for the democratisation of the EU.