bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plankton post-paradox: reply to comment on “The paradox of the ‘paradox of the plankton’” by Record et al.
Authors: Record Nicholas R. , Pershing Andrew J. , Maps Frédéric 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecord, N. R., Pershing, A. J. and Maps, F. 2014. Plankton post-paradox: reply to comment on “The paradox of the ‘paradox of the plankton’” by Record et al. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 296–298. Classical theoretical ecology has largely focused on the coexistence of populations at the species level, particularly since the coining of the “paradox of the plankton”. The known mechanisms for coexistence, both mathematically and in nature, are myriad and diverse. Building on a dialogue in this journal (Cropp, R., and Norbury, J. 2014. Comment on “The paradox of the ‘paradox of the plankton’” by Record et al. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 293 – 295; Record, N. R., Pershing, A. J., and Maps, F. 2014. The paradox of ‘the paradox of the plankton’. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 236–240.), we outline a perspective whereby approaching the problem from a different organizational level—namely the community level—can offer valuable simplifications and insights. We expand on a prototype model that demonstrates the potential of this approach.
UHMWPE Sublaminar Wires in Posterior Spinal Instrumentation
Authors: Bogie Rob , Voss Laura , Arts Jacobus J. , Lataster Arno , Willems Paul C. , Brans Boudewijn , van Rhijn Lodewijk W. , Welting Tim J. M. 
Published: January 2014

Study Design:
An animal study.

Objective:
To explore ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sublaminar wires in spinal surgery and to assess stability and biocompatibility of the UHMWPE instrumentation in an ovine model.

Summary of Background Data:
Sublaminar wiring is a well-established technique in segmental scoliosis surgery. However, during introduction and/or removal of the metal sublaminar wires, neurological problems can occur. Abrasion after cutting metal wires for removal can lead to damage to the dural sac. Sublaminar wires have to withhold large forces and breakage of the wires can occur. Different types of sublaminar wires have been developed to address these problems. UHMWPE sublaminar wires can potentially substitute currently used metal sublaminar metal wires. In vivo testing and biocompatibility analysis of UHMWPE wires are recommended before clinical use in spinal surgery.

Materials and Methods:
In 6 immature sheep, pedicle screws were instrumented at lumbar level L4 and attached with titanium rods to 4 thoracolumbar vertebrae using 3- and 5-mm-wide UHMWPE sublaminar wiring constructions in 5 animals. Titanium sublaminar wires were applied in 1 animal to function as a control subject. After a follow-up period of 16 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the spines were isolated. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were made to assess stability of the instrumentation. The vertebrae were dissected for macroscopic and histologic evaluation.

Results:
None of the wires had loosened and the instrumentation remained stable. CT scans and radiographs showed no signs of failure of the instrumentation and no neurological complications occurred. Although several bony bridges were seen on CT, growth was observed at the operated levels. Biocompatibility was assessed by macroscopical and histologic analysis, showing no signs of dural or epidural inflammation.

Conclusions:
This pilot animal study shows that UHMWPE sublaminar wiring is a safe technique. The UHMWPE wires are biocompatible and provide sufficient stability in spinal instrumentation. Heterotopic ossification because of periost reactions in the ovine spine led to some restrictions in this study.
TheArabidopsisSIAMESE-RELATED Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors SMR5 and SMR7 Regulate the DNA Damage Checkpoint in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Yi Dalong , Alvim Kamei Claire Lessa , Cools Toon , Vanderauwera Sandy , Takahashi Naoki , Okushima Yoko , Eekhout Thomas , Yoshiyama Kaoru Okamoto , Larkin John , Van den Daele Hilde , Conklin Phillip , Britt Anne , Umeda Masaaki , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhereas our knowledge about the diverse pathways aiding DNA repair upon genome damage is steadily increasing, little is known about the molecular players that adjust the plant cell cycle in response to DNA stress. By a meta-analysis of DNA stress microarray data sets, three family members of the SIAMESE/SIAMESE-RELATED (SIM/SMR) class of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors were discovered that react strongly to genotoxicity. Transcriptional reporter constructs corroborated specific and strong activation of the three SIM/SMR genes in the meristems upon DNA stress, whereas overexpression analysis confirmed their cell cycle inhibitory potential. In agreement with being checkpoint regulators, SMR5 and SMR7 knockout plants displayed an impaired checkpoint in leaf cells upon treatment with the replication inhibitory drug hydroxyurea (HU). Surprisingly, HU-induced SMR5/SMR7 expression depends on ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) and SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE1, rather than on the anticipated replication stress-activated ATM AND RAD3-RELATED kinase. This apparent discrepancy was explained by demonstrating that, in addition to its effect on replication, HU triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-dependent transcriptional activation of the SMR genes was confirmed by different ROS-inducing conditions, including high-light treatment. We conclude that the identified SMR genes are part of a signaling cascade that induces a cell cycle checkpoint in response to ROS-induced DNA damage.
Typology of Public Outreach for Biodiversity Conservation Projects in Spain
Authors: JIMÉNEZ AMANDA , INIESTA‐ARANDIA IRENE , MUÑOZ‐SANTOS MARIA , MARTÍN‐LÓPEZ BERTA , JACOBSON SUSAN K. , BENAYAS JAVIER 
Published: January 2014

AbstractConservation education and outreach programs are a key approach to promote public understanding of the importance of biodiversity conservation. We reviewed 85 biodiversity conservation projects supported by the Spanish Ministry of Environment's Biodiversity Foundation. Through content analysis and descriptive statistics, we examined how the projects carried out communication, education, and public awareness and participation (CEPA) actions. We also used multivariate statistical analysis to develop a typology of 4 classes of biodiversity conservation projects on the basis of CEPA implementation. The classifications were delineated by purpose of CEPA, level of integration of CEPA actions, type of CEPA goals, main CEPA stakeholders, and aim of conservation. Our results confirm the existence of 2 key positions: CEPA has intrinsic value (i.e., they supposed the implementation of any CEPA action indirectly supported conservation) and CEPA is an instrument for achieving conservation goals. We also found that most CEPA actions addressed general audiences and school children, ignored minority groups and women, and did not include evaluation. The characteristics of the 4 types of projects and their frequency of implementation in the sample reflect the need for better integration of different types of actions (communication, education, and participation) and improved fostering of participation of multiple stakeholders in developing policy and implementing management strategies.Tipología de la Divulgación Pública para Proyectos de Conservación de la Biodiversidad en España
Quantifying temperature and relative humidity of medical gases used for newborn resuscitation
Authors: Dawson Jennifer A , Owen Louise S , Middleburgh Robin , Davis Peter G 
Published: January 2014

AimThe gases used to stabilise infants during resuscitation are usually unconditioned air and oxygen, often described as ‘cold and dry’, in comparison with the heated, humidified gases used for ongoing ventilation in neonatal intensive care units. The aim of this study was to determine exactly how ‘cold and dry’ these unconditioned gases are.MethodMultiple measurements of temperature and relative humidity (RH) of piped gases were recorded at different sites, and at different times of day, across The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. Ambient temperature and relative humidities were also recorded.ResultsEighty paired air and oxygen measurements of temperature and RH were recorded. Mean temperatures of piped oxygen and air were 23.3 (0.9) and 23.4 (0.9) °C respectively. Mean RH of piped air was 5.4 (0.7) %; piped oxygen was significantly drier, mean RH 2.1 (1.1) %.ConclusionPiped gases were delivered at room temperature and were extremely dry. This highlights the importance of research assessing the practicality of heating and humidifying resuscitation gases, and assessing the impact of their use on clinically important neonatal outcomes.
Acquisition and excretion of Bartonella quintana by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis
Authors: Kernif Tahar , Leulmi Hamza , Socolovschi Cristina , Berenger Jean‐Michel , Lepidi Hubert , Bitam Idir , Rolain Jean‐Marc , Raoult Didier , Parola Philippe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBartonella quintana is transmitted by the infected faeces of body lice. Recently, this bacterium was detected in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and in two humans with chronic adenopathy whose only risk factor was contact with cat fleas. In this study, a total of 960 C. felis were divided into 12 groups (2 control groups and 10 infected groups) each containing 80 fleas. The fleas were fed B. quintana‐inoculated human blood at different dilutions (≈3.6 × 104 − 8.4 × 109 bacteria) for 4 days via an artificial membrane. Subsequently, all flea groups were fed uninfected blood until day 13 postinfection (dpi). On day 3 pi, B. quintana was detected with two specific genes by quantitative PCR in 60–100% of randomly chosen fleas per dilution: 52% (26/50) in the infected fleas in Trial 1 and 90% (45/50) of the fleas in Trial 2. B. quintana was also identified by molecular and culture assays in flea faeces. The average number of B. quintana as determined by qPCR decreased until the 11th dpi and was absent in both trials at the 13th dpi. Bacteria were localized only in the flea gastrointestinal gut by specific immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that cat fleas can acquire B. quintana by feeding and release viable organisms into their faeces. Therefore, fleas may play a role as vectors of trench fever or other clinical manifestations that are caused by B. quintana. However, the biological role of C. felis in the transmission of B. quintana under natural conditions is yet to be defined.
Some Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communication in Building Brand Equity
Authors: Fard Reza Safarinejad , Abdul Hamid Abu Bakar , Saadatmand Rozita 
Published: January 2014

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) has become generally accepted, has outspread various levels within the firms, and has become an impartible component of brand. In the competitive market in 21 century, archive to a systematic brand communication is the way to moving forward and increase the performance of the firms. Marketing communication has important role to building and maintaining the shareholders communications and affect them on the terms of brand equity. For the integrated marketing communication we can mention to brands as central IMC. Marketing communication recognizes as voice of the brand and it is a way for any organization to make contact with consumers to introduce their product. For developing the brand equity the best way is marketing communication, more ever marketing communication help to the firms to receive the desirable responds from consumers. However, many factors have influence on brand equity such as, product, price, promotion and sale, but in this paper we considering the effect of IMC on brand equity. In this paper we provided a discussion about the positive linkage between IMC and brand equity. In this paper according to impact of IMC on brand equity, we provide the details of the role of IMC in building and maintaining strong brand equity.
Women Entrepreneurs in Bahrain: Motivations and Barriers
Authors: Al-Ghazali Basheer Mohammed , Md Yusoff Rosman , Sadi Muhammad Asad 
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations underlying decisions by women in Bahrain to set up a business and the challenges confronted. The analysis is based on a survey of 40 male and 40 female respondents. Descriptive statistics and T and ANOVA tests were applied to assess the relative importance of motivational factors, differences in perspective by gender and the impact of age. The results reveal that profit achievement is the most powerful motivational factor for business women in Bahrain. Barriers include lack of belief in their abilities, absence of support from the government, insufficient market information, and an economy dominated by a few large companies. Due to resource constraints and problems of contacting women in Bahrain, the sample size was restricted to 170 participant organizations. Nevertheless, this was deemed sufficient to carry out the research study and the results provide a rare insight into the entrepreneurial spirit amongst Bahraini women. Bahrain is particularly interesting because it is regarded a moderate Arab country with a mix of Arab and European business practices. To the authors’ knowledge, no other study has explicitly focused on the motivations of Bahrain business women
Event Sustainability Practices Among Professonal Company Organizers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Zamzuri Norol Hamiza , Awang Khairil Wahidin , Abdul Aziz Yuhanis , Samdin Zaiton 
Published: January 2014

The growth of business event results in a potential impact to the environment if the waste from event materials is not properly managed by event organizers. The waste from event materials can create negative impact to the environment. This problem leads to the emergence of several sustainable strategies practiced by stakeholders, however, little is known on the issues involve in the process of organizing a sustainable event. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the issues involved during the process of organizing a sustainable event. Inductive method was used in this study as it gives better insight on the real phenomenon. The data were collected from event organizers through in-depth interviews.
Modification of Cellulose by Polymethyl Methacrylate Grafting for Membrane Applications
Authors: Shamsuddin Mohd Razali , Fauzee Siti Norfatihah , Anuar Farah Hannan , Abdullah Ibrahim , Othaman Rizafizah 
Published: January 2014

Cellulose is a renewable resource that receives attention from researchers due to its potential as a raw material for the production of biofuels and new composite materials. In this study, cellulose extracted from pineapple (Ananas Comosus) leaves was grafted with polymethyl methacrylate in order to prepare a hydrophobic composite membrane with high surface area. Extraction of Î±-cellulose from the pineapple leaves was carried out by alkali treatment and the cellulose was grafted with PMMA at a concentration of 6 ml/g and a temperature of 60Â C for 5 hours by radical polymerization via direct oxidation of Ce (IV) ions. After polymerization process completed, the homopolymer or excess PMMA was extracted from the grafted product in acetone for 24 hours.Â The cellulose and grafted products were analyzed and compared by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscope (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VP-SEM) and surface area analyzer (BET). FTIR shows the presence of additional peak from cellulose spectrum at 1736 cm-1 attributed to the ester carbonyl group (C=O) from PMMA, XRD indicates the declination of crystallinity index, VPSEM displays a rough surface compared to a smooth cellulose surface and the increment of diameter, while BET gives a 200 % higher surface area to prove that PMMA was successfully grafted on the extracted cellulose which specially named as Cell-g-PMMA. Cell-g-PMMA will further been filled into the ENR/PVC matrix to develop a hydrophobic composite membrane for oil-water separation.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete with Alum Sludge as Partial Cement Replacement
Authors: Mohammed Owaid Haider , Hamid Roszilah , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Rozaimah , Tan Kofli Noorhisham , Taha Mohd Raihan 
Published: January 2014

Alum sludge (AS) is a by-product of water treatment plants that use aluminum salts as a primary coagulant, and is the most widely generated water treatment residual/sludge worldwide. It usually contains colloidal alum hydroxides that are often amorphous species. The present paper examines the influence of AS powder as partial Portland cement type I replacement on the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete (HPC). AS with 90% fineness was passed through a 45 Âµm sieve (No. 325).The present study used a concrete mix with a fixed water/binder ratio of 0.33 and a constant total binder content of 483 kg/m3.The percentages of the alum sludge by weight of cement were: 0%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Slump tests were performed on fresh concrete to measure workability. The mechanical properties, dry densities, compressive strengths, and splitting tensile strengths of the concrete samples were investigated at 3, 7, and 28 days, whereas flexural strength was monitored at the age 28 days.Â Specimens without AS were compared with those that contained AS. The results revealed that the workability of the concrete consistently increased as the amount of cement replaced with AS increased. It was found that the concrete with 6% AS cement replacement demonstrated improved compressive strength and splitting tensile strength at all ages, compared with the control concrete.
Preparation and Characterization of Polysulfone/Polyphenylsulfone/Titanium Dioxide Composite Ultrafiltration Membranes for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment
Authors: Ismail N. , Lau W. J. , Ismail A. F. , Goh P. S. 
Published: January 2014

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest pollutant discharged into the rivers of Malaysia. An efficient treatment system is highly desirable in palm oil mills in order to control the effluent discharged to any water bodies. In this study, composite ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were successufully prepared by incorporating polysulfone (PSF)/polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) blend membranes with inorganic TiO2 nanoparticles in the range of 0–4 wt%. Prior to POME treatment process, the properties of the resulting membranes were first characterized with respect to pure water flux, BSA rejection, hydrophilicity and structural morphologies. Of the membranes tested, it is found that membrane without TiO2 incorporation demonstrated the highest pure water flux, i.e. 82.81 L/m2h with BSA rejection of 98% when tested at 2 bar. The decreasing water flux with increasing TiO2 loading in the membrane is mainly due to the high viscosity of the dope solution which delayed the phase inversion process and resulted in reduced surface pore size. For the POME treatment process, the results showed that UF membrane could effectively treat the wastewater by removing up to 87% BOD3, 90% COD and almost complete elimination of turbidity.
Numerical Estimation of Hollow Fiber Membrane for Mobile Water Treatment
Authors: Bolong Nurmin , Ramli Rosdianah , Ayog Janice Lynn , Yasser Abu Zahrim 
Published: January 2014

In the application of water treatment system, membrane has gained favour in the industry as well as in the research field. In pressure-driven category, ultrafiltration membrane with pore size of 3 to 10 nm is one of the choices for water treatment application. With the advantages of being compacted and self-supporting, hollow fiber membrane configuration has been widely used as ultrafiltration membrane. This is an important feature for a mobile water treatment system developed in this work. The mobile water treatment system is investigated in terms of its operational performance focusing for simple setup configuration. Mobility of the membrane treatment system in this work is aim to develop a stand-alone membrane water treatment system that can operates without electricity. Therefore, the system targeted to be a self-sufficient in rural areas where electricity and delivery of spare parts are difficult. A membrane filtration system with outside-in hollow fiber membrane is developed. The numerical approach of Response Surface Method (RSM) is used to estimate and optimize the flux performance in this work. The operating conditions i.e transmembrane pressure (TMP) as well as the local condition (water temperature) were considered in the numerical estimation. The initial numerical estimation found that the developed mobile system has permeate flux range from 0.422 L/m2h up to 3.035 L/m2h for local temperature of 20˚C to 35˚C and further optimization were discussed in this study.
Limitations of the TG‐43 formalism for skin high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy dose calculations
Authors: Granero Domingo , Perez‐Calatayud Jose , Vijande Javier , Ballester Facundo , Rivard Mark J. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:In skin high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy, sources are located outside, in contact with, or implanted at some depth below the skin surface. Most treatment planning systems use the TG‐43 formalism, which is based on single‐source dose superposition within an infinite water medium without accounting for the true geometry in which conditions for scattered radiation are altered by the presence of air. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric limitations of the TG‐43 formalism in HDR skin brachytherapy and the potential clinical impact.Methods:Dose rate distributions of typical configurations used in skin brachytherapy were obtained: a 5 cm × 5 cm superficial mould; a source inside a catheter located at the skin surface with and without backscatter bolus; and a typical interstitial implant consisting of an HDR source in a catheter located at a depth of 0.5 cm. Commercially available HDR60Co and 192Ir sources and a hypothetical 169Yb source were considered. The Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code was used to estimate dose rate distributions for the configurations considered. These results were then compared to those obtained with the TG‐43 dose calculation formalism. In particular, the influence of adding bolus material over the implant was studied.Results:For a 5 cm × 5 cm192Ir superficial mould and 0.5 cm prescription depth, dose differences in comparison to the TG‐43 method were about −3%. When the source was positioned at the skin surface, dose differences were smaller than −1% for 60Co and 192Ir, yet −3% for 169Yb. For the interstitial implant, dose differences at the skin surface were −7% for 60Co, −0.6% for 192Ir, and −2.5% for 169Yb.Conclusions:This study indicates the following: (i) for the superficial mould, no bolus is needed; (ii) when the source is in contact with the skin surface, no bolus is needed for either 60Co and 192Ir. For lower energy radionuclides like 169Yb, bolus may be needed; and (iii) for the interstitial case, at least a 0.1 cm bolus is advised for 60Co to avoid underdosing superficial target layers. For 192Ir and 169Yb, no bolus is needed. For those cases where no bolus is needed, its use might be detrimental as the lack of radiation scatter may be beneficial to the patient, although the 2% tolerance for dose calculation accuracy recommended in the AAPM TG‐56 report is not fulfilled.