bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of P4 with in situ Formed cyclo‐Triphosphatriazenium Cation [(DmpNP)3Cl2]+ (Dmp = 2,6‐Dimethylphenyl)
Authors: Holthausen Michael H. , Sala Chris , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe controlled activation of white phosphorus, P4, provides a key entry point into many aspects of polyphosphorus chemistry. Herein, the reaction of cyclo‐diphosphadiazane derivative (DmpNPCl)2 (3a; Dmp = 2,6‐dimethylphenyl) and P4 in the presence of GaCl3 as Lewis acid for the targeted synthesis of mono‐ and dicationic phosphorus‐rich cage compounds [(DmpNP)2(P4)Cl][GaCl4] (8a[GaCl4]) and [(DmpNP)2(P4)2][Ga2Cl7]2 (9a[Ga2Cl7]2) is reported. Depending on the reaction conditions, formation of these types of cages, which are similar to those of the known cations [(DippNP)2(P4)Cl]+ (8b+) and [(DippNP)2(P4)2]2+ (9b2+; Dipp = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) is observed. However, due to the reduced steric requirements of the Dmp compared to the Dipp group, an interconversion process of the P2N2 framework of cyclo‐dichlorodiphosphadiazane 3a with the cyclo‐trichlorotriphosphatriazane 5a is observed, which leads also to the formation of mono‐ and dicationic derivatives [(DmpNP)3(P4)Cl2]+ (10a+) and [(DmpNP)3(P4)2Cl]2+ (11a2+) via cyclo‐triphosphatriazenium cation [(DmpNP)3Cl2]+ (4a+).
Caloric Effects in Bulk Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Ceramics for Solid‐State Refrigeration
Authors: Patel Satyanarayan , Chauhan Aditya , Vaish Rahul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe caloric behavior of bulk (Ba0.865Ca0.135Zr0.1078Ti0.8722Fe0.01Nb0.01)O3 (BCZTO‐FeNb) with respect to multiple physical inputs is investigated. Predictions were made by using modified Maxwell’s relations in conjunction with independent experimental data. BCZTO‐FeNb possesses significant potential for multiple caloric effects. A peak electrocaloric effect of 0.5 K (307 K) was predicted for electric fields of 0–3 kV mm−1, significantly higher than for other BCZTO‐based compositions. A maximum elastocaloric cooling of 1.17 K (298 K) was achieved for an applied stress of 0–200 MPa (3 kV mm−1). Finally, a new component of the electric‐field‐driven caloric effect is reported as the inverse piezocaloric effect, with a maximum temperature change of 0.4 K (298 K).
An improved KGF‐SPH with a novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator for viscous incompressible fluid flows
Authors: Huang C. , Lei J. M. , Liu M. B. , Peng X. Y. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe kernel gradient free (KGF) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a modified finite particle method (FPM) which has higher order accuracy than the conventional SPH method. In KGF‐SPH, no kernel gradient is required in the whole computation, and this leads to good flexibility in the selection of smoothing functions and it is also associated with a symmetric corrective matrix. When modeling viscous incompressible flows with SPH, FPM or KGF‐SPH, it is usual to approximate the Laplacian term with nested approximation on velocity, and this may introduce numerical errors from the nested approximation, and also cause difficulties in dealing with boundary conditions. In this paper, an improved KGF‐SPH method is presented for modeling viscous, incompressible fluid flows with a novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator. The improved KGF‐SPH method avoids nested approximation of first order derivatives, and keeps the good feature of ‘kernel gradient free’. The two‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow of shear cavity, both in Euler frame and Lagrangian frame, are simulated by SPH, FPM, the original KGF‐SPH and improved KGF‐SPH. The numerical results show that the improved KGF‐SPH with the novel discrete scheme of Laplacian operator are more accurate than SPH, and more stable than FPM and the original KGF‐SPH. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the behaviour of a small Mediterranean catchment using three different hydrological models as hypotheses
Authors: Ruiz‐Pérez G. , Medici C. , Latron J. , Llorens P. , Gallart F. , Francés F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMediterranean catchments are characterized by strong nonlinearities in their hydrological behaviour. Properly simulating those nonlinearities still represents a great challenge and, at the same time, an important issue in order to improve our knowledge of their hydrological behaviour. The main aim of this work is find out diverse modelling approaches to reproduce the observed nonlinear hydrological behaviour in a small Mediterranean catchment, Can Vila (Vallcebre, NE Spain).To this end, three hydrological models were considered: two lumped models called LU3 and LU4 of increasing complexity, and a distributed model called TETIS. The structures of these different models were used as hypotheses, which could explain and reproduce the observed nonlinear behaviour at the outlet. Four analyses were carried out: (i) goodness‐of‐fit criteria analysis, (ii) residual errors analysis, (iii) sensitivity analysis and (iv) multicriteria analysis based on the concept of Pareto Optimal. These analyses showed the higher capability and robustness of the distributed model to reproduce the observed complex hydrological behaviour in this catchment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OSLC‐KM: A knowledge management specification for OSLC‐based resources
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodríguez Jose María , Llorens Juan , Alejandres Manuela , Fuentes Jose Miguel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe use of different techniques and tools is a common practice to cover all stages in the development lifecycle generating a very good number of work products under different formats and protocols. This situation implies that a collaborative environment may have the potential of integrating all these data sources creating a real knowledge graph of the development lifecycle easing tasks such as traceability, V&V or quality management. In this light, the OSLC (Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration) initiative pursues the creation of specifications to unify under a common and shared data model (the Resource Description Framework‐RDF) all pieces of information and data involved in the development of a system. The present paper introduces the concept of knowledge management, outlines an OSLC‐based specification in the context of Systems Engineering and presents a case study exposing product scheme classifications.
Considerations for a Framework for Specification and Measurement of Reserve Capacity in Software‐Intensive Systems
Authors: O'Connor Trent , Cook Stephen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor some classes of software‐intensive systems, especially long life‐cycle embedded systems with evolving requirements, the customer needs some margin of reserve data processing capacity in the delivered system. This is typically needed to assure system responsiveness and stability under transient loading conditions and to provide for future software maintenance, capability growth and changes in usage without the need for processing hardware upgrades. The specification, management and verification of reserve data processing resources so as to achieve this are challenging and there is a lack of universally agreed or standardised approaches. It is proposed to create a framework for characterising run‐time resource utilisation in a data processing system, such that effective reserve capacity can be described and measured in ways that are well defined but not design‐specific. This paper outlines the need for and desirable attributes of such a framework.
An application of System Architecture in the Rail and Road Infrastructure
Authors: Schreinemakers Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper describes the application of an Architectural Framework and System Architecture in the Rail and Road infrastructure. This is illustrated by addressing the state of the art of Systems Engineering in this domain, how the need for system architecture became apparent and finally what architecture framework was chosen and how that was applied in a real life rail example. The paper concludes with a view on the next steps to be taken to further mature the Architecture Framework and resulting system architectures.The main focus of this paper is on architecture for Rail Infrastructure systems, with some references to road infrastructure system.
Structuring Requirements in Standard Templates
Authors: Beasley Richard , Cardow Iain , Hartley Michael , Pickard Andrew 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA survey of the contents of various Requirements and Definition Documents both within Rolls‐Royce and in the literature revealed a large variety of structures and contents. Many requirements documents do not distinguish in their structure between functional and the various non‐functional requirements but mix these up within the content of the requirements structure.The authors have proposed a generic rationalized structure for capturing and recording requirements, and have illustrated this with gas turbine engine examples. The authors have also proposed a parallel structure for Definition Documents, where there is even more variation in content in the literature examples, and have illustrated this again with gas turbine engine examples.
Exploring the Role of Design in Systems Engineering
Authors: Shafaat Ali , Kenley C. Robert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper explores the role of design in systems engineering. It reviews the treatment of design in systems engineering in general and in the Systems Engineering Handbook in particular, and concludes that design is the missing dimension in systems engineering. It provides a review of salient viewpoints from research in design that can enhance the understanding of the design dimension in system engineering.
Creating an A3 Architecture Overview; a Case Study in SubSea Systems
Authors: Muller Gerrit , Wee Damien , Moberg Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe subsea oil and gas domain suffers from complex and partially incomplete information flows. As consequence, most employees in the involved organizations lack overview of the systems and operations. Using conceptual modeling and A3 architecture overviews, we have reconstructed the overview for the workover system and its operation. The result triggers interest from the suppliers in the oil and gas domain.
From Asking Forgiveness to Saying “You're Welcome!” – Introducing Requirements Engineering to Medical Device Development
Authors: Medina Casey , Fuerst Kristina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a structured, requirements engineering process for individuals, corporate cultures, and industries that are not familiar with requirements engineering best practices. This process was implemented by the authors in the product development process of a medical device manufacturer. This paper presents an example of the implementation of the requirements engineering process using a sample project.
SysML Activity Models for Applying ISO 14971 Medical Device Risk and Safety Management Across the System Lifecycle
Authors: Malins Robert J. , Stein Jack , Thukral Ajay , Waterplas Christophe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe INCOSE Biomedical‐Healthcare Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Challenge Team has been exploring applications of MBSE techniques to medical device development. Because patient and user safety is paramount in medical devices, the team has focused on using MBSE techniques to address safety topics. This paper uses MBSE methods to address the processes of analyzing safety and incorporating risk control at each step of the development portion of the system life cycle in order to achieve “built in” safety. SysML activity models are presented that link the steps of ISO 14971 to the system development technical processes of ISO 15288. In addition, the models show how the analysis results of ISO 14971 can be used to develop a system safety assurance case. The activity models explicitly show the iterative and recursive approach to applying risk management at each stage of system development and address the ISO 13485 requirement for process integration.
The Virtual Instrumentation Diagram
Authors: Claghorn Ron 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe INCOSE Vision for 2025 projects Model‐based Systems Engineering (MBSE) as the “norm” for systems engineering execution in the future. Implementing MBSE for the first time, however, requires a significant investment from the organization that decides to make the move. Further, the project's stakeholders may balk at joining in that investment without clear and certain evidence of significant benefits.This paper proposes an incremental approach to MBSE for an organization in the chemical processing industry. The initial objective of this approach is the production of a virtual piping and instrument diagram (P&ID). The P&ID is a diagram that is familiar to engineering teams and stakeholders in process industries. The quality of the resulting model is evaluated using an established framework. To further enhance the effectiveness of the model, system behaviors are animated with software developed to extend the model into a working simulation.
Adaptive Knowledge Encoding for Agile Cybersecurity Operations
Authors: Willett Keith D. , Dove Rick , Blackburn Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn agile cybersecurity operation is the dynamic adaptability of security services and mechanisms including people, process, technology, and environment to ensure organizational efficacy. Two key roles in agile security operations are cybersecurity operators and cybersecurity analysts. Both are overwhelmed with data and information, but underwhelmed in knowledge and understanding. Adaptive knowledge encoding introduces cybersecurity decision patterns (CDPs) and a cybersecurity decision pattern language (CDPL) as formal knowledge representation and a formal knowledge repository to capture, codify, and share knowledge that supports cybersecurity operators and analysts ability to perform timely agile cybersecurity operations. The Knowledge Engineer applies CDPs and the CDPL to provide a cybersecurity cognitive schema that dynamically adapts by assimilating new CDPs in the CDPL structure and acclimating the CDPL structure to new knowledge. CDPs and the CDPL together with applied fundamentals of agile systems engineering help facilitate the design and sustainment of agile cybersecurity operations.
An Integral Approach to Systems Engineering
Authors: Devaney Kevin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntegral Theory is a school of philosophy that seeks to integrate all human knowledge disciplines into a single “content‐free” framework. Because of its general and comprehensive nature, Integral Theory has been successfully applied “in over 35 distinct academic and professional fields, such as art, healthcare, organizational management, ecology, congregational ministry, economics, psychotherapy, law and feminism.” (Esbjörn‐Hargens, 2009). Leaning on some pioneering work in the field of architecture, this paper looks at ways to apply Integral Theory to the discipline of systems engineering. A major benefit of Integral Theory is that it enables us to look at the world with a broader perspective. Using this perspective, we can develop improved methods in how we design systems, solve problems, improve engineering organizations and build stronger technical leaders.
Fundamentals of System Complexity Measures for Systems Design
Authors: Efatmaneshnik Mahmoud , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough there are numerous complexity measures, each tends to be context‐dependent and there have been few attempts to provide a generic structure that might provide a framework for such measures. This paper sets out guidelines and criteria for complexity measures. We show that a useful complexity measure has objective and subjective components. For systems design, the objective component must be graph theoretic and conform to a number of other criteria set out in the paper. The subjective component of the measure is a distance function expressing the topological distance from a reference model (structure) subjectively deemed as the simplest.
The “V” Model Reloaded
Authors: Medina Casey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSystems engineers can provide valuable input and support to product development efforts. In order to provide that support, the systems engineer must first convince his or her team that systems engineering methodologies are valuable. This paper presents a new view of the systems engineering “V” model that aims to make the model accessible and understandable to teams with little to no systems engineering experience. In doing so, it opens the door for broader adoption of systems engineering.
Integrating an Upgraded Constituent System in a System of Systems: A SysML Case Study
Authors: Ingram Claire , Fitzgerald John , Holt Jon , Plat Nico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA system of systems (SoS) relies on each constituent system contributing towards achieving some global emergent behavior. Integrating constituent systems can be particularly challenging for SoS engineering, partly because of the independence of the constituents and the difficulty of producing a realistic, scalable test environment before changes are deployed to the live environment. For this reason modeling and simulation can be important tools for regression testing within an integration scenario. We provide a worked example of an SoS integration scenario using a traffic management system as demonstrator, employing a structured, model‐based framework (the COMPASS Integration Framework) designed for integrating CSs in a variety of SoS integration scenarios. The Framework is designed to be used with architectural modelling views (we use SysML for our case study). Finally, we provide some pointers for future work and next steps.
Towards a Holistic Definition of Model‐Based System Engineering: Paradigm, Modeling and Requirements
Authors: Aboutaleb Hycham , Monsuez Bruno 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCurrent systems complexity has reached a degree that requires addressing conception and design issues while taking into account all the necessary aspects. Therefore, one of the main challenges is the way complex system models are specified and designed. The exponential growing effort, cost, and time investment during the phase of modeling a complex systems emphasize the need for a paradigm, a framework, and an environment to handle the system model complexity. For that, it is necessary to understand the expectations of the human user of the model and his limits. This paper presents a generic framework for designing complex systems, highlights the requirements a system model needs to fulfill to meet human user expectations, and defines the refined functional as well as non‐functional requirements that modeling tools needs to meet to be useful in model‐based system engineering.
Product Line Engineering Comes to the Industrial Mainstream
Authors: Clements Paul C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProduct line engineering (PLE) is a systems engineering discipline to engineer a portfolio of related products in an efficient manner, taking full and ongoing advantage of the products’ similarities while respecting and managing their differences. Managing a portfolio as a single entity with variation, as opposed to a multitude of separate products, brings enormous efficiencies in production and maintenance. This paper shows that PLE has now matured into a repeatable, industrial‐strength engineering discipline. We define and explore the concepts central to modern product line engineering, and illustrate how it is becoming applied in two of the most challenging systems engineering domains of all: aerospace and defense, and automotive.
Towards innovative system development: A joint method of design thinking and systems thinking
Authors: Zhao Yang‐Yang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOne of the key challenges to engineering organizations is how to develop systems with improved productivity and performance. The renewed discussions have been delineated regarding the innovative design, requirements engineering and systems practice. Researchers disclosed that the two powerful means of innovative system development – design thinking and systems thinking ‐‐ promote performance independently, however, their synergy effect is yet to be explored. This paper investigates whether and how their principles and tools could jointly influence the performance of innovative system development. A combined method of both is suggested based on the survey results in Norwegian high‐tech organizations.
Integration of advanced oxidation processes and activated sludge for the treatment of high refractory industrial wastewater
Authors: Amaral‐Silva Nuno , Martins Rui C , Castro‐Silva Sérgio , Paiva Cláudia , Quinta‐Ferreira Rosa M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this research was centered on the development of a suitable strategy for the treatment of a wastewater from the production of automotive coating pipes.RESULTSCoagulation and Fenton treatments were ineffective and did not achieve the desired objectives, however, ozone based processes were shown to be an interesting technology. Several parameters affecting ozonation, such as pH, the addition of hydrogen peroxide as co‐oxidant and the contact time, were optimized. It was concluded that the best efficiency was attained with ozone (2 g h−1) using a multi‐stage pH procedure. After 1200 min reaction, this system achieved 98% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the final effluent presented a BOD5/COD improvement from 0.11 to 0.30.CONCLUSIONThis study proposes an effective method to treat this specific wastewater. Fenton oxidation enabled an increase in effluent biodegradability, however, not sufficient to enable a posterior biological treatment. Using ozonation, the operating conditions can be adapted to provide an effluent able to be discharged into the hydro resources (COD < 150 mgO2 L−1), or to be sent to the municipal sewage plant (COD < 1000 mgO2 L−1) where it will be further refined in a biological system. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry