bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of cyclo-tetrakis(μ-oxo-dimethylaminoethanolato-κN:κO)tetrakis(iodozinc) toluene solvate and Bis(dimethylaminoethanol)cadmium(II)iodide
Authors: Alam Naveed , Shahid Muhammad , Mazhar Muhammad , Rauf Muhammad Khawar , Molloy Kieran C. , Gill Rohama 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Two new metal(II) complexes formulated as [ZnI(dmae)]4·2(C7H8) 1 and CdI2(Hdmae)2
2 have been synthesized by using N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, a N,O donor ligand and characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in tetragonal I4(1)/a space group with μ
2–O bridge between zinc atoms. The zinc atom is four coordinated with Zn–O 1.9315(13) and 1.9606(14) Å. The complex 2 is mononuclear with distorted octahedral geometry around the Cd(II) and contains two bidentate chelating Hdmae ligands and two iodine atoms, with Cd–O and Cd–N distances of 2.498(2) and 2.400(2) Å, respectively, and the weak O–H···I hydrogen bonds like interactions link the molecules to generate a 1D supramolecular structure.
A Thermodynamic Approach to Kinetics of Reactions
Authors: Arato Elisabetta , Morro Angelo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with a reacting fluid mixture. The balance equations
are stated both in the Lagrangian and in the Eulerian description. The
entropy principle is stated in terms of the entropy growths of the
single constituents rather than by the classical entropy transport
equation. Next the thermodynamic restrictions on the constitutive
functions are derived by assuming that the partial pressures,
entropies and internal energies are functions of the temperature and
the pertinent mass density. As a consequence, the rate of reaction is
shown to be proportional to the chemical affinity via a non-linear
function of pressure, temperature, and mass fractions. The chemical
affinity is then shown to be the derivative of the Gibbs free energy
with respect to the reaction coordinate if the free energy density is
in the standard form of a function of temperature and pressure while
such is not the case if the model is adopted for a mixture of perfect
gases.
The Thermodynamic Estimation and Viscosity, Electrical Conductivity Characteristics of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Qingguo , Li Meichao , Zhang Xinyuan , Wu Xuanyu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate
[C
n
mim][SCN] (n = 2–5) ionic liquids (ILs) with
low dynamic viscosity were synthesized by a two-step method and
characterized by IR and 1H  NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical
properties of the ILs such as density, surface tension, dynamic
viscosity, and electrical conductivity were measured. The significant
thermodynamic parameters of the ILs such as molecular volume, standard
molar entropy, lattice energy, parachor, interstice parameters, and
thermal expansion coefficient were estimated according to
semi-empirical/empirical methods. Subsequently, the viscosity and
electrical conductivity characteristics of the
[C2–5mim][SCN] were described by the
Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT) equation. The results showed that the VFT
equation was a proper fit for the ILs. Moreover, the transport
properties of ILs were discussed based on the Walden rule and the
relationships between molar conductivities and dynamic viscosities
were evaluated.
Deep Sea Microbes Probed by Incoherent Neutron Scattering Under High Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Peters Judith , Martinez Nicolas , Michoud Grégoire , Cario Anaïs , Franzetti Bruno , Oger Philippe , Jebbar Mohamed 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The majority of the biosphere is a high pressure environment. Around
70% of the marine biosphere lies at depths below
1000 m, i.e. at pressures of 100 bars or
higher. To survive in these environments, deep-biosphere organisms
have adapted to life at high pressure. In vitro studies showed that
the activity of certain proteins originating from deep-sea organisms
is less affected by high pressure than that of enzymes from surface
organisms . However, the genetic and structural bases for
this increased pressure resistance are still unknown. Elastic
incoherent neutron scattering studies, which provide access to
information about molecular dynamics, constitute a very promising
approach to decipher the structural adaptation in proteins living
under high pressure. This approach has been used in the past to
investigate the adaptation of biological systems to temperature and
salinity and proved to be essential and complementary to structural
studies. Here first investigations of high pressure effects on cell
dynamics are presented using Thermococcales as models.
Anatomical Risk Factors for Ischemic Lesions Associated with Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Ikeda Go , Tsuruta Wataro , Nakai Yasunobu , Shiigai Masanari , Marushima Aiki , Masumoto Tomohiko , Tsurushima Hideo , Matsumura Akira 
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical risk factors for ischemic lesions detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) associated with carotid artery stenting (CAS). DWI was performed within four days after CAS in 50 stenotic lesions between January 2008 and September 2013. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between the anatomical factors and ischemic lesions associated with CAS. Post-procedural DWI revealed new ischemic lesions after 24 (48%) of the 50 CAS procedures. All three patients with common carotid artery tortuosity, defined as the presence of severe angulation (less than 90 degrees) in the common carotid artery, developed new ischemic lesions. However, there were no significant differences between the patients with and without tortuosity, likely due to the small number of cases. Meanwhile, seven of eight patients with internal carotid artery tortuosity, defined as the presence of severe angulation (less than 90 degrees) in the cervical segment of the internal carotid artery, developed new ischemic lesions. A multivariate analysis showed internal carotid artery tortuosity (odds ratio: 11.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.193–117.4, P= 0.035) to be an independent risk factor for the development of ischemic lesions associated with CAS. Anatomical factors, particularly severe angulation of the internal carotid artery, have an impact on the risk of CAS. The indications for CAS should be carefully evaluated in patients with these factors.
Targeted Program for Provision of Mother’s Own Milk to Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Husebye Elisabeth Synnøve , Kleven Ingvil Austbø , Kroken Lene Kristin , Torsvik Ingrid Kristin , Haaland Øystein Ariansen , Markestad Trond 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Evaluate the effect of an evolving targeted program to encourage mothers to provide own milk (MM) to their very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a traditional open-bay NICU.

METHODS:
Retrospective review of medical records on all VLBW infants (birth weight &lt;1500 g) born in a geographical region of Norway in 1986/1987, 1996, and 2007/2008 (n = 203). Types of nutrition and data on maternal and infant health were prospectively and similarly recorded during all time periods. Between each period, targeted programs were initiated to encourage provision of MM.

RESULTS:
The rates of providing MM (exclusively MM in parenthesis) for the 3 periods were 55% (33%), 85% (60%), and 89% (62%) when achieving full enteral feeds; 48% (11%), 76% (39%), and 92% (60%) at discharge; 15%, 42%, and 62% at 2 to 4 months’ corrected age; and 10%, 40%, and 53% at 6 to 8 months’ corrected age (P &lt; .001 at all end points). Neither maternal or pregnancy disorders nor neonatal morbidity had significant effects on provision of MM, but smoking was associated with a lower rate after discharge.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both early and long-term provision of MM for their VLBW infants were strongly associated with targeted programs to encourage provision. We suggest that almost all mothers are able to provide their own milk if given targeted encouragement and guidance, even in crowded open-bay NICUs.
Reducing Distress in Mothers of Children With Autism and Other Disabilities: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dykens Elisabeth M. , Fisher Marisa H. , Taylor Julie Lounds , Lambert Warren , Miodrag Nancy 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:Compared with other parents, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder or other neurodevelopmental disabilities experience more stress, illness, and psychiatric problems. Although the cumulative stress and disease burden of these mothers is exceptionally high, and associated with poorer outcomes in children, policies and practices primarily serve the identified child with disabilities.METHODS:A total of 243 mothers of children with disabilities were consented and randomized into either Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (mindfulness practice) or Positive Adult Development (positive psychology practice). Well-trained, supervised peer mentors led 6 weeks of group treatments in 1.5-hour weekly sessions, assessing mothers 6 times before, during, and up to 6 months after treatment. Mothers had children with autism (65%) or other disabilities (35%). At baseline, 85% of this community sample had significantly elevated stress, 48% were clinically depressed, and 41% had anxiety disorders.RESULTS:Using slopes-as-outcomes, mixed random effects models, both treatments led to significant reductions in stress, depression, and anxiety, and improved sleep and life satisfaction, with large effects in depression and anxiety. Mothers in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction versus Positive Adult Development had greater improvements in anxiety, depression, sleep, and well-being. Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder improved less in anxiety, but did not otherwise differ from their counterparts.CONCLUSIONS:Future studies are warranted on how trained mentors and professionals can address the unmet mental health needs of mothers of children with developmental disabilities. Doing so improves maternal well-being and furthers their long-term caregiving of children with complex developmental, physical, and behavioral needs.
Motor Performance After Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Longitudinal Evaluation
Authors: van der Cammen-van Zijp Monique H.M. , Janssen Anjo J.W.M. , Raets Marlou MA , van Rosmalen Joost , Govaert Paul , Steiner Katerina , Gischler Saskia J. , Tibboel Dick , van Heijst Arno F.J. , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To assess longitudinally children’s motor performance 5 to 12 years after neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to evaluate associations between clinical characteristics and motor performance.

METHODS:
Two hundred fifty-four neonatal ECMO survivors in the Netherlands were tested with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children at 5, 8, and/or 12 years. Percentile scores were transformed to z scores for longitudinal evaluation (norm population mean = 0 and SD = 1). Primary diagnoses: meconium aspiration syndrome (n = 137), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 49), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (n = 36), other diagnoses (n = 32).

RESULTS:
Four hundred fifty-six tests were analyzed. At 5, 8, and 12 years motor performance was normal in 73.7, 74.8, and 40.5%, respectively (vs 85% expected based on reference values; P &lt; .001 at all ages). In longitudinal analyses mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) z scores were –0.42 (–0.55 to –0.28), –0.25 (–0.40 to –0.10) and –1.00 (–1.26 to –0.75) at 5, 8, and 12 years, respectively. Mean score at 8 years was significantly higher than at 5 years (difference 0.16, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.30), and mean score at 12 years was significantly lower than at both other ages (differences –0.59 and –0.75; 95% CI –0.33 to –0.84 and –0.49 to –1.00, respectively). Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia encountered problems at all ages. The presence of chronic lung disease was negatively related with outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:
Motor problems in neonatal ECMO survivors persist throughout childhood and become more obvious with time.
Successful Schools and Risky Behaviors Among Low-Income Adolescents
Authors: Wong Mitchell D. , Coller Karen M. , Dudovitz Rebecca N. , Kennedy David P. , Buddin Richard , Shapiro Martin F. , Kataoka Sheryl H. , Brown Arleen F. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Bergman Peter , Chung Paul J. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES:We examined whether exposure to high-performing schools reduces the rates of risky health behaviors among low-income minority adolescents and whether this is due to better academic performance, peer influence, or other factors.METHODS:By using a natural experimental study design, we used the random admissions lottery into high-performing public charter high schools in low-income Los Angeles neighborhoods to determine whether exposure to successful school environments leads to fewer risky (eg, alcohol, tobacco, drug use, unprotected sex) and very risky health behaviors (eg, binge drinking, substance use at school, risky sex, gang participation). We surveyed 521 ninth- through twelfth-grade students who were offered admission through a random lottery (intervention group) and 409 students who were not offered admission (control group) about their health behaviors and obtained their state-standardized test scores.RESULTS:The intervention and control groups had similar demographic characteristics and eighth-grade test scores. Being offered admission to a high-performing school (intervention effect) led to improved math (P &lt; .001) and English (P = .04) standard test scores, greater school retention (91% vs 76%; P &lt; .001), and lower rates of engaging in ≥1 very risky behaviors (odds ratio = 0.73, P &lt; .05) but no difference in risky behaviors, such as any recent use of alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. School retention and test scores explained 58.0% and 16.2% of the intervention effect on engagement in very risky behaviors, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Increasing performance of public schools in low-income communities may be a powerful mechanism to decrease very risky health behaviors among low-income adolescents and to decrease health disparities across the life span.
Parental Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD in Children: The Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Zhu Jin Liang , Olsen Jørn , Liew Zeyan , Li Jiong , Niclasen Janni , Obel Carsten 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:
Prenatal maternal smoking has been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, but the causal nature of this association is still under scrutiny. We examined the association with maternal smoking and nicotine replacement use during pregnancy, using association with paternal smoking as a marker of potential genetic or social confounding.

METHODS:
We included 84 803 singletons who participated in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Information on parental smoking was reported by the mothers during pregnancy. Children with ADHD were identified from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, the Danish National Patient Register, and the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnosis or medication. We also used hyperactivity/inattention score of the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, included in the 7-year follow-up of the National Birth Cohort.

RESULTS:
Maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy were associated with an elevated risk of ADHD defined by hospital diagnosis, medication, and hyperactivity/inattention score, but the association was stronger for maternal smoking than for paternal smoking. Compared with children born to nonsmoking mothers and smoking fathers, children born of smoking mothers and nonsmoking fathers had a higher risk of ADHD (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.53). We also saw a higher risk of ADHD in children of mothers who used nicotine replacement during pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that the association between prenatal maternal smoking and ADHD may overestimate a causal link, but nicotine exposure or related factors may still play a causal role.
Trends in Abdominal Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents
Authors: Xi Bo , Mi Jie , Zhao Min , Zhang Tao , Jia Cunxian , Li Jiajia , Zeng Tao , Steffen Lyn M. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of abdominal obesity among US children and adolescents increased significantly between 1988 to 1994 and 2003 to 2004. However, little is known about time trends in abdominal obesity since 2003 to 2004. This study was designed to provide updated national estimates of childhood abdominal obesity and examine the trends in childhood abdominal obesity from 2003 to 2012.METHODS:Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted during 5 time periods (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012). A total of 16 547 US children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were included. Abdominal obesity is defined as a waist circumference (WC) greater than or equal to the gender- and age-specific 90th percentile based on data from NHANES III (1988–1994) or a waist/height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5RESULTS:In 2011 to 2012, 18.87% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were abdominally obese as defined by WC; 33.29% of those aged 6 to 18 years were abdominally obese as defined by WHtR. Mean WC and WHtR and the prevalence of abdominal obesity remained stable between 2003 to 2004 and 2011 to 2012, independent of gender, age, and race or ethnicity. However, abdominal obesity decreased across survey years among non-Hispanic white children.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of abdominal obesity leveled off among US children and adolescents between 2003 to 2004 and 2011 to 2012.
Foreign Body Embedded in the Schneiderian Membrane
Authors: Koticha Tapan N. , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Aljateeli Manar , Edwards Paul C. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Foreign bodies have been reported in the maxillary sinus. It has been suggested that asymptomatic foreign bodies do not require removal. The effect of such retained foreign bodies on sinus‐elevation procedures is unknown.Case Presentation: This case report documents the management of an asymptomatic foreign body embedded in the Schneiderian membrane. The foreign body was left in situ while elevating the membrane for a sinus‐augmentation procedure. A staged approach with delayed implant placement was used. Leaving the foreign body in situ did not seem to adversely affect the healing or clinical success of the augmentation procedure.Conclusions: From this short‐term follow‐up case, a retained foreign body in the maxillary sinus consistent with periapical endodontic filling material could be left in place in conjunction with maxillary sinus grafting based on a lack of symptoms. Long‐term clinical success has yet to be confirmed.
Treatment of Diesel‐ and Kerosene‐Contaminated Water by B. subtilis SPB1 Biosurfactant‐Producing Strain
Authors: Mnif Ines , Ellouze‐Chaabouni Semia , Ayedi Younes , Ghribi Dhouha 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the efficiency of hydrocarbon utilization by B. subtilis SPB1, a biosurfactant‐producing strain. Microbial growth, biosurfactant production, and hydrocarbon biodegradation were studied in a liquid mineral medium, supplemented with 2% hydrocarbons in both the absence and in the presence of 0.1% yeast extract. Preliminary studies showed that maximum growth was registered with a 2% hydrocarbon solution. Results showed that the addition of yeast extract greatly stimulated microbial growth and thus induced biosurfactant production. Furthermore, biodegradation efficiencies were higher in the presence of yeast extract. Kerosene fuel was more recalcitrant to biodegradation than diesel oil. This study's findings suggest that the addition of an organic nitrogen source stimulates tension‐active agents' production, which emulsifies hydrophobic compounds and enhances their biodegradation and microbial growth.
Speciation of Iron in the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Rabajczyk Anna , Namieśnik Jacek 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT: Iron is one of the basic metals occurring in the aquatic environment and it is considered a macroelement with regard to live organisms. This metal has a broad range of applications that, together with factors conditioning its chemical transitions, results in the occurrence of many iron species in water. Depending on water and land development type, as well as the use of water for household and industrial purposes, iron may be found in different forms, including solutions, colloids or suspensions, made up by both simple ions or particles and complex organic or inorganic compounds. Due to changing properties of the different iron forms and their varying influence, it is critical to gain information about its speciation. In this article we present information about iron species, including nano‐iron forms, in various aquatic environments (i.e., marshland, ocean waters) as well as the exemplary methods for separating iron from iron‐containing environmental samples.
How Audit Reviewers Respond to an Audit Preparer's Affective Bias: The Ironic Rebound Effect
Authors: Frank Michele L. , Hoffman Vicky B. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Prior research suggests that audit seniors' judgments are sometimes biased by their affect toward (i.e., feeling of personally liking or disliking) client personnel. We examine how experienced audit reviewers respond when reviewing an audit preparer's judgment that appears to be biased by the preparer's affect toward a client's controller. In our experiment, reviewers are provided with a preparer's judgment that appears inconsistent with the audit workpapers. We then examine the effect of providing versus not providing reviewers with a cue about the preparer's positive or negative affect toward the controller. We find that despite reviewers' belief that affect biases a preparer's judgment, reviewers who are informed of the preparer's affect do not rely less on the preparer's judgment. Instead, they actually rely more on the preparer's judgment than do those who are not informed about the preparer's affect. This result is consistent with Wegner's (1994) ironic rebound effect, which predicts that sometimes when individuals are trying not to rely on information, they ironically rely on it more. Our findings suggest a potential limitation of the audit review process.
Institutional and Political Antecedents of Interjurisdictional Tax Harmonization: Lessons from Three States
Authors: Hageman Amy M. , Schmitt Donna Bobek 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:
Within the United States, the current sales and use tax (SUT) system is riddled with complexity, in part because of the lack of coordination between jurisdictions. One vehicle of cooperative state action is the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement (SSUTA). This study employs an in-depth qualitative analysis of three states to examine the institutional and political influences on a state's decision to adopt legislation conforming to the provisions of this interjurisdictional tax agreement, and the political strategies and tactics used by supporting and opposing interest groups. Relying on interest group theory and institutional theory, case study results indicate that governmental interest groups, rather than businesses, play an important role in the adoption of inter-jurisdictional tax policy changes. The presence of strong institutional entrepreneurs and normative pressures to adopt are also critical. These findings have significant implications for jurisdictions that seek to adopt a consolidated tax base across member states, including the SSUTA, as well as potential harmonization attempts by the European Union.