bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of activity and outcome from a one-stop clinic for men with suspected prostate cancer: Five years’ experience
Authors: Shah Jyoti 
Published: June 2015

Objective: We have set up a weekly one stop prostate specific antigen (PSA) clinic to evaluate men with suspected prostate cancer (CaP) and report our five years of experience. Methods: Patients with an elevated PSA result, abnormal digital rectal examination, or worrisome symptoms were booked into this clinic. Prostate biopsy was done on the same day, if required. The clinic is run by a single consultant urological surgeon and an advanced nurse practitioner. A database of all patients attending this clinic has been maintained. Results: A total of 729 patients were seen. Rates of non-attendance were low at 2–5 patients each year, and 50.9%–67.1% of patients had a biopsy. Of these, 46.8%–56.1% were diagnosed with CaP, given their results and appropriately treated after multi-disciplinary meeting (MDT) discussion within 15 days. Patients who did not have a cancer diagnosis received a phone call from the consultant at a median time of 2.5 days. Patient and general practitioner (GP) satisfaction levels with this service were high. Conclusions: The one-stop clinic is feasible, efficient in quickly reassuring men without cancer, allows rapid diagnosis and starts treatment within 15 days for those who need it. This clinic reduces waiting times and the number of follow-up visits, and is highly acceptable to patients and GPs.
Effects of contour propagation and background corrections in different MRI flow software packages
Authors: Boye D , Springer O , Wassmer F , Scheidegger S , Remonda L , Berberat J 
Published: June 2015

Background Velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (VENC-MRI) is a commonly used technique in cardiac examinations. This technique utilizes the phase shift properties of protons moving along a magnetic field gradient. VENC-MRI offers a unique way of measuring the severity of valve regurgitation by directly quantifying the regurgitation flow volume. Purpose To compare flow analysis results of different software programs and to assess the effect of background correction in sample patient cases. Material and Methods A phantom was built out of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) which provides tubes of different diameters. These tubes can be connected to an external water circuit to generate a water flow inside the tubes. Expected absolute flow quantities inside the tubes were determined from preset tube- and flow-parameters. Different flow conditions were measured with a VENC-MRI sequence and the images evaluated using different software packages. In a second step six randomly selected patients showing different degrees of aortic insufficiency were evaluated in clinical terms. Results The contour propagation algorithms used in the software packages performed differently even on static phantom geometry. In terms of clinical evaluation the software packages performed similarly. Enabling background correction or leaving out manual correction of propagated contours changed results for severity of aortic insufficiency. Conclusion Turning on background correction and manual correction of propagated contours in MRI flow volume measurements is strongly recommended.
Has the airway microbiome been overlooked in respiratory disease?
Authors: Salami Olawale , Marsland Benjamin J 
Published: June 2015

Editorial summaryThe respiratory disease field is changing because of recent advances in our understanding of the airway microbiome. Central to this is dysbiosis, an imbalance of microbial communities that can lead to and flag inflammation in the airways. The increasing momentum of research in this area holds promise for novel treatment strategies.
Neurl4 contributes to germ cell formation and integrity inDrosophila
Authors: Jones Jennifer , Macdonald Paul M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) form at the posterior pole of the Drosophila embryo, and then migrate to their final destination in the gonad where they will produce eggs or sperm. Studies of the different stages in this process, including assembly of germ plasm in the oocyte during oogenesis, specification of a subset of syncytial embryonic nuclei as PGCs, and migration, have been informed by genetic analyses. Mutants have defined steps in the process, and the identities of the affected genes have suggested biochemical mechanisms. Here we describe a novel PGC phenotype. When Neurl4 activity is reduced, newly formed PGCs frequently adopt irregular shapes and appear to bud off vesicles. PGC number is also reduced, an effect exacerbated by a separate role for Neurl4 in germ plasm formation during oogenesis. Like its mammalian homolog, Drosophila Neurl4 protein is concentrated in centrosomes and downregulates centrosomal protein CP110. Reducing CP110 activity suppresses the abnormal PGC morphology of Neurl4 mutants. These results extend prior analyses of Neurl4 in cultured cells, revealing a heightened requirement for Neurl4 in germ-line cells in Drosophila.
Once more into the crypt: A geocritical approach to Luis Buñuel’s Las Hurdes: Tierra sin pan
Authors: Kozey Christopher 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Luis Buñuel’s short documentary film, Las Hurdes: Tierra sin pan/Las Hurdes: Land without Bread (1933) has long frustrated critics, who have variously categorized it as a socialist-realist call to arms, a brutal parody of ethnography and a flirtation with sadism. Some question whether the film is a documentary at all. By examining the film in light of not only its historically immediate predecessors, but also an often-neglected one – Lope de Vega’s play, Las Batuecas del Duque de Alba/The Duke of Alba’s Las Batuecas (Lope de Vega, 1604–1614) – I will account for the facet of Las Hurdes that these disparate characterizations fail to include. To do so, this investigation engages in what Bertrand Westphal calls ‘geocriticism’, a critical practice that ‘studies the literary stratifications of referential space’. Here, the space in question is the valley of Las Batuecas/Las Hurdes, and the key strata are Lope’s play and Buñuel’s film the former text casts the region as a ‘crypt space’ for Castile, and the latter recapitulates and critiques that role in a new temporal context. By scrutinizing these textual reconfigurations of the region as part of the same broader phenomenon, I will elucidate the aesthetically and politically contentious relationship of Las Hurdes’ diegetic content to its human and geographical referents.
Acute Effects of Deep Tissue Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretching on Muscular Strength, Power, and Flexibility in Division I Linemen
Authors: Behara Brandon , Jacobson Bert H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Behara, B and Jacobson, BH. Acute effects of deep tissue foam rolling and dynamic stretching on muscular strength, power, and flexibility in Division I linemen. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 888–892, 2017—A recent strategy to increase sports performance is a self-massage technique called myofascial release using foam rollers. Myofascial restrictions are believed to be brought on by injuries, muscle imbalances, overrecruitment, and/or inflammation, all of which can decrease sports performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of a single-bout of lower extremity self-myofascial release using a custom deep tissue roller (DTR) and a dynamic stretch protocol. Subjects consisted of NCAA Division 1 offensive linemen (n = 14) at a Midwestern university. All players were briefed on the objectives of the study and subsequently signed an approved IRB consent document. A randomized crossover design was used to assess each dependent variable (vertical jump [VJ] power and velocity, knee isometric torque, and hip range of motion was assessed before and after: [a] no treatment, [b] deep tissue foam rolling, and [c] dynamic stretching). Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded no pretest to posttest significant differences (p > 0.05) among the groups for VJ peak power (p = 0.45), VJ average power (p = 0.16), VJ peak velocity (p = 0.25), VJ average velocity (p = 0.23), peak knee extension torque (p = 0.63), average knee extension torque (p = 0.11), peak knee flexion torque (p = 0.63), or average knee flexion torque (p = 0.22). However, hip flexibility was statistically significant when tested after both dynamic stretching and foam rolling (p = 0.0001). Although no changes in strength or power was evident, increased flexibility after DTR may be used interchangeably with traditional stretching exercises.
Glycogen Fuels Survival During Hyposmotic-Anoxic Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: LaMacchia John C , Frazier Harold N , Roth Mark B 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Oxygen is an absolute requirement for multicellular life. Animals that are deprived of oxygen for sufficient periods of time eventually become injured and die. This is largely due to the fact that, without oxygen, animals are unable to generate sufficient quantities of energy. In human diseases triggered by oxygen deprivation, such as heart attack and stroke, hyposmotic stress and cell swelling (edema) arise in affected tissues as a direct result of energetic failure. Edema independently enhances tissue injury in these diseases by incompletely understood mechanisms, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Here, we present investigations into the effects of osmotic stress during complete oxygen deprivation (anoxia) in the genetically tractable nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our findings demonstrate that nematode survival of a hyposmotic environment during anoxia (hyposmotic anoxia) depends on the nematode’s ability to engage in glycogen metabolism. We also present results of a genome-wide screen for genes affecting glycogen content and localization in the nematode, showing that nematode survival of hyposmotic anoxia depends on a large number of these genes. Finally, we show that an inability to engage in glycogen synthesis results in suppression of the enhanced survival phenotype observed in daf-2 insulin-like pathway mutants, suggesting that alterations in glycogen metabolism may serve as a basis for these mutants’ resistance to hyposmotic anoxia.
La influencia de la inherencia dadaísta en la vertebración de principios creadores en diseño gráfico
Authors: Hernández Muñoz Silvia 
Published: June 2015

En esta investigación se ha propuesto determinar y definir los elementos del protodiseño vanguardista que influyen en el diseño gráfico actual. La tesis plantea que existe una práctica del humorismo en la creación de carteles, folletos, libros y tipografías en el origen del diseño gráfico. El proyecto precisa realizar un recorrido por las primeras manifestaciones de diseño gráfico de las vanguardias artísticas desde la perspectiva de que el humorismo no es un elemento más de la estética de vanguardia, sino una cualidad constitutiva del arte nuevo. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio histórico cualitativo-constructivista de todas las muestras del diseño gráfico en la etapa dadá, que incluye las menos relevantes y las que están más próximas al contexto artístico.Se concluye concluir que el humorismo en diseño gráfico está muy próximo al ingenio visual y al ludismo y que opera como sentimiento vitalista y de crítica. Además el humor vanguardista surge como recurso de rechazo a las formas anteriores, como elemento de ridiculización, de burla, de parodia, de sarcasmo… y se sintetiza en unas formas gráficas concretas. Las tipografías en libertad, que surgen como elemento perversor de los esquemas compositivos formales. El fotomontaje de imágenes, con fuerte poder comunicativo y satírico en el dadaísmo. El tercer texto, originado por yuxtaposiciones absurdas, da lugar al sinsentido y a lo irreverente, pero crea al mismo tiempo un espacio comunicativo donde surge lo denominado “el tercer texto”, espacio propicio para la metáfora.
Desarrollo, trabajo y género: El caso de la Laguna de Yahuarcocha
Authors: Lugo-Morin Diosey Ramon , Torres-Cuapa Berenice 
Published: June 2015

<p>El presente estudio propone valorar el papel de la mujer rural de los territorios aledaños a la Laguna de Yahuarcocha. Escenario propicio para generar una dinámica económica en las comunidades de San Miguel de Yahuarcocha y Priorato donde las mujeres tienen un rol de importancia estratégica. Se concluye que la participación de las mujeres en la dinámica económica entorno a la Laguna de Yahuarcocha es determinante para el desarrollo del territorio sobre todo en el ámbito turístico. <strong> </strong></p>
La violencia en las historias de vida de las mujeres institucionalizadas en los centros de protección de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Moriana Gabriela 
Published: June 2015

<p class="Pa8">Este artículo es fruto de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en distintos centros de protección de mujeres de la Comunidad Valenciana. Su objetivo es desvelar los tipos de violencia que subyacen en las historias de vida de las mujeres institucionalizadas. Tanto la estrategia general como las principales técnicas de investigación utilizadas han sido de índole cualitativa. Así, se ha realizado observación participante, y a través de informes sociales, documentos personales y entrevistas informales y en profundidad se han elaborado 15 historias de vida. Respecto al resultado, destacar que en las trayectorias vitales analizadas subyacen distintos tipos de violencia de género (malos tratos físicos y psíquicos), violencia económica (por parte de sus parejas y exparejas) y violencia institucional o revictimización secundaria.</p>
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Telemedical and Standard Outpatient Monitoring of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Rasmussen Benjamin S.B. , Froekjaer Johnny , Bjerregaard Mads R. , Lauritsen Jens , Hangaard Joergen , Henriksen Claus W. , Halekoh Ulrich , Yderstraede Knud B. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
The role of telemedical monitoring in diabetic foot ulcer care is still uncertain. Our aim was to compare telemedical and standard outpatient monitoring in the care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a randomized controlled trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Of the 736 screened individuals with diabetic foot ulcers, 401 met the eligibility criteria and were randomized between October 2010 and November 2014. The per-protocol telemedical monitoring consisted of two consultations in the patient’s own home and one consultation at the outpatient clinic. Standard practice consisted of three outpatient clinic visits. The three-visit cycle was repeated until study end point. The study end points were defined as complete ulcer healing, amputation, or death.

RESULTS
One hundred ninety-three individuals were randomized to telemedical monitoring and 181 to standard care. Demographics were similar in both groups. A cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model showed no difference in individuals monitored through telemedicine regarding wound healing (hazard ratio 1.11 [95% CI 0.87, 1.42], P = 0.42) or amputation (0.87 [0.54, 1.42], P = 0.59). We found a higher mortality incidence in the telemedical monitoring group compared with the standard outpatient monitoring group (8.68 [6.93, 10.88], P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of no significant difference regarding amputation and healing between telemedical and standard outpatient monitoring seem promising; however, for telemedical monitoring, a higher mortality throws into question the role of telemedicine in monitoring diabetic foot ulcers. Further studies are needed to investigate effects of telemedicine on mortality and other clinical outcomes and to identify patient subgroups that may have a poorer outcome through telemedical monitoring.
Les avocats de la défense dans les négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité : quelles pratiques ?
Authors: Euvrard Elsa , Leclerc Chloé 
Published: June 2015

Le présent article s’intéresse aux pratiques professionnelles des avocats de la défense durant les négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité, règlement principal des causes criminelles au Canada. S’inspirant des théories interactionnistes de la sociologie des professions, il se place dans le cadre théorique de la segmentation des professions de Strauss (1992) et cherche à comprendre comment les pratiques des avocats de la défense se distinguent lors des négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité. À partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de douze avocats de la défense exerçant au Palais de justice de Montréal, l’article interroge l’hétérogénéité de leurs pratiques en présentant conceptions et pratiques à chacune des étapes des négociations. Il en ressort de grands axes de pratiques différenciées mais pas de traces d’une segmentation claire entre eux : des pratiques distinctes parmi les avocats évoluent et se recoupent selon le contexte des causes dans la mesure où ils ajustent leurs stratégies aux circonstances. L’article interroge enfin les implications d’une hétérogénéité des pratiques des avocats dans la défense des accusés au sein du système de justice criminelle.
Conditional Deletion of NF-κB–Inducing Kinase (NIK) in Adult Mice Disrupts Mature B Cell Survival and Activation
Authors: Brightbill Hans D. , Jackman Janet K. , Suto Eric , Kennedy Heather , Jones Charles , Chalasani Sreedevi , Lin Zhonghua , Tam Lucinda , Roose-Girma Meron , Balazs Mercedesz , Austin Cary D. , Lee Wyne P. , Wu Lawren C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) is a primary regulator of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which plays a vital role downstream of BAFF, CD40L, lymphotoxin, and other inflammatory mediators. Germline deletion or inactivation of NIK in mice results in the defective development of B cells and secondary lymphoid organs, but the role of NIK in adult animals has not been studied. To address this, we generated mice containing a conditional allele of NIK. Deletion of NIK in adult mice results in decreases in B cell populations in lymph nodes and spleen, similar to what is observed upon blockade of BAFF. Consistent with this, B cells from mice in which NIK is acutely deleted fail to respond to BAFF stimulation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, mice with induced NIK deletion exhibit a significant decrease in germinal center B cells and serum IgA, which is indicative of roles for NIK in additional pathways beyond BAFF signaling. Our conditional NIK-knockout mice may be broadly useful for assessing the postdevelopmental and cell-specific roles of NIK and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in mice.
Properdin Contributes to Allergic Airway Inflammation through Local C3a Generation
Authors: Wang Yuan , Miwa Takashi , Ducka-Kokalari Blerina , Redai Imre G. , Sato Sayaka , Gullipalli Damodar , Zangrilli James G. , Haczku Angela , Song Wen-Chao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Complement is implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but its mechanism of action in this disease remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of properdin (P), a positive alternative pathway complement regulator, in allergen-induced airway inflammation. Allergen challenge stimulated P release into the airways of asthmatic patients, and P levels positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). High levels of P were also detected in the BAL of OVA-sensitized and challenged but not naive mice. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, P-deficient (P−/−) mice had markedly reduced total and eosinophil cell counts in BAL and significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Ab blocking of P at both sensitization and challenge phases or at challenge phase alone, but not at sensitization phase alone, reduced airway inflammation. Conversely, intranasal reconstitution of P to P−/− mice at the challenge phase restored airway inflammation to wild-type levels. Notably, C3a levels in the BAL of OVA-challenged P−/− mice were significantly lower than in wild-type mice, and intranasal coadministration of an anti-C3a mAb with P to P−/− mice prevented restoration of airway inflammation. These results show that P plays a key role in allergen-induced airway inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target for human asthma.
Spred1, a Suppressor of the Ras–ERK Pathway, Negatively Regulates Expansion and Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Suzuki Mayu , Morita Rimpei , Hirata Yasuko , Shichita Takashi , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cytokines from group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been implicated in acute allergic responses, such as papain-induced lung inflammation. However, the means of homeostatic regulation of ILC2s have not been established. In this study, we demonstrated that Spred1, a negative regulator of the Ras–ERK pathway, plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of ILC2s and in cytokine secretion from ILC2s. Intranasal administration of papain stimulated IL-5 and IL-13 production in the lung, which was enhanced when Spred1 was deleted. In vitro, Spred1−/− ILC2s proliferated faster than wild type ILC2s did and produced higher levels of cytokines in response to IL-33. On the contrary, a MEK inhibitor suppressed ILC2 proliferation and cytokine production. Spred1 deficiency resulted in stabilization of GATA3, which has been shown to play essential roles in the maintenance and cytokine production of ILC2. These data suggest that Spred1 negatively regulates ILC2 development and functions through the suppression of the Ras–ERK pathway.
The Crucifix, the Pietà, and the Female Mystic:
Authors: Varnam Laura 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Focusing on The Book of Margery Kempe, this article argues that devotional objects such as the crucifix and the pietà functioned as a model for the performance of religious identity. Reading devotional objects as devotional “events,” using material culture and performance theory, the article will demonstrate that pastoral care texts and religious lyrics created an expectation that an encounter with a devotional object could be a powerful opportunity for religious self-fashioning. This was an opportunity that was available to Lollard as well as orthodox devotees and which, I will argue, was especially efficacious for laywomen. A detailed examination of Margery Kempe's encounter with the pietà and her experience in the house of a poor woman in Rome additionally reveals that such performances established female communities that operated outside of ecclesiastical control and renegotiated the contours of sacred space.
Multimodel evaluation of cloud phase transition using satellite and reanalysis data
Authors: Cesana G. , Waliser D. E. , Jiang X. , Li J.‐L. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe take advantage of climate simulations from two multimodel experiments to characterize and evaluate the cloud phase partitioning in 16 general circulation models (GCMs), specifically the vertical structure of the transition between liquid and ice in clouds. We base our analysis on the ratio of ice condensates to the total condensates (phase ratio, PR). Its transition at 90% (PR90) and its links with other relevant variables are evaluated using the GCM‐Oriented Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Cloud Product climatology, reanalysis data, and other satellite observations. In 13 of 16 models, the PR90 transition height occurs too low (6 km to 8.4 km) and at temperatures too warm (−13.9°C to −32.5°C) compared to observations (8.6 km, −33.7°C); features consistent with a lack of supercooled liquid with respect to ice above 6.5 km. However, this bias would be slightly reduced by using the lidar simulator. In convective regimes (more humid air and precipitation), the observed cloud phase transition occurs at a warmer temperature than for subsidence regimes (less humid air and precipitation). Only few models manage to roughly replicate the observed correlations with humidity (5/16), vertical velocity (5/16), and precipitation (4/16); 3/16 perform well for all these parameters (MPI‐ESM, NCAR‐CAM5, and NCHU). Using an observation‐based Clausius‐Clapeyron phase diagram, we illustrate that the Bergeron‐Findeisen process is a necessary condition for models to represent the observed features. Finally, the best models are those that include more complex microphysics.