bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with RLP068 kills methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and improves wound healing in a mouse model of infected skin abrasion PDT with RLP068/Cl in infected mouse skin abrasion
Authors: Vecchio Daniela , Dai Tianhong , Huang Liyi , Fantetti Lia , Roncucci Gabrio , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment for infections that can kill drug resistant bacteria without damaging host‐tissue. In this study we used bioluminescent methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in a mouse skin abrasion model, to investigate the effect of PDT on bacterial inactivation and wound healing. RLP068/Cl, a tetracationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivative and toluidine blue (TBO) were used. The light‐dose response of PDT to kill bacteria in vivo and the possible recurrence in the days post‐treatment were monitored by real‐time bioluminescence imaging, and wound healing by digital photography. The results showed PDT with RLP068/Cl (but not TBO) was able to kill bacteria, to inhibit bacterial re‐growth after the treatment and to significantly accelerate the wound healing process (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective capture of anti‐A antibodies from human blood using a novel integrated bead and hollow fiber module
Authors: Alikhani Azadeh , Federspiel William J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnti‐A/B antibody removal from blood in the peritransplantation period facilitates ABO‐incompatible transplantation and significantly increases the donor pool. We have been developing an anti‐A/B immunoadsorption device (BSAF), compatible with whole blood perfusion. The BSAF is based on integrated microfiltration hollow fibers with antibody capturing beads uniformly distributed within the fiber interstitial space. In this study we fabricated BSAF prototypes, appropriately scaled down from a conceptual clinical scale device. We then, for the first time, measured the time course of anti‐A capture from blood samples recirculating through the scaled down BSAF devices. We observed a significant reduction in IgM (96% ± 5%, n = 5, p < 0.001), and IgG (81% ± 18%, n = 5, p < 0.05) anti‐A antibody titers within 2 h. We did not observe a significant change between the initial and final values of hematocrit, total plasma protein concentration, plasma free hemoglobin concentration, and anti‐B antibody titer over five experiments. In conclusion we showed that the BSAF modules selectively removed anti‐A antibodies from blood in a simple one step process, without requiring a separate plasmapheresis unit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Regulation of UHMWPE biomaterials in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kasser Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis manuscript provides a brief history of the development of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHWMPE) biomaterials and how the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates medical devices. The flowchart used to decide whether a device is medium or high risk, known as the 510(k) flowchart, is illustrated by taking several examples through the flowchart. In order to demonstrate how changes to UHWMPE material used in the acetabular liners of total hips have been regulated, two major modifications to UHMWPE, highly crosslinked polyethylene and Vitamin E polyethylene, are taken through the flowchart. This manuscript describes the testing that has been provided to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of these modifications, as well as an explanation why the testing was supplied to the FDA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 400–406, 2013.
Biolubricant synthesis from waste cooking oil via enzymatic hydrolysis followed by chemical esterification
Authors: Chowdhury Avisha , Mitra Debarati , Biswas Dipa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDLubricants manufactured conventionally from non‐renewable mineral oil resources are not biodegradable and are liable to cause adverse environmental impacts. Biodegradable vegetable oils present a promising lubricant feedstock alternative. Waste cooking oil (WCO), which otherwise finds no immediate potential utilization can be successfully used to synthesize bio‐lubricant. A novel synthetic method was developed by using the two‐step process of C. rugosa lipase‐mediated hydrolysis of WCO to free fatty acids (FFA) followed by Amberlyst 15H esterification of FFA with octanol. The octyl esters produced was the desired biolubricant.RESULTSThe effect of different physico‐chemical parameters like temperature, catalyst loading, agitation speed, molar ratio of octanol:FFA and the presence of different desiccants on the esterification reaction was examined. The optimum conditions to get maximum yield of biolubricant in minimum time were, octanol:FFA molar ratio = 3:1, temperature = 80 °C, catalyst = 2 g and desiccant (preferably silica gel powder) = 50% weight of FFA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the product formed was ester.CONCLUSIONBiolubricant (octyl esters) was prepared efficiently from WCO by the two‐step process developed. This novel approach represents a viable means of producing lubricants from wastes which are renewable in nature and can be an alternative to non‐renewable mineral oil feedstocks. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Electro‐membrane reactor for the conversion of lysine monohydrochloride to lysine by in situ ion substitution and separation
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Ali Khan Moonis , Al Othman Zeid 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Commercially lysine (Lys) is produced as lysine monohydrochloride (LysCl). The presence of chloride ion (Cl−) in Lys makes it unfit for use in pharmaceutical and livestock feed industries. Various separation methods are required to achieve Lys from fermentation broths. This paper describes an electro‐membrane reactor with three compartments (EMR‐3) for the conversion of LysCl into Lys by in situ ion substitution and separation.RESULTS: The conversion of LysCl into Lys in EMR‐3 is achieved by in situ ion substitution and separation using organic‐inorganic hybrid anion‐exchange membrane (AEM). It is found that the rate of Lys formation is dependent on applied current densities and LysCl concentration. The 96.2% Lys is recovered and low energy (2.07 kWh kg−1) is consumed during the conversion of 0.10 mol L−1 LysCl in EMR‐3 at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, high current efficiency (93.02%) is achieved under the similar experimental conditions.CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of process parameters (high Lys recovery and CE and low W), it is concluded that the developed electro‐membrane reactor can be efficiently applied for the conversion of LysCl into Lys in an economically viable manner. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The brain in the belly: What and how of fetal neuroimaging?
Authors: Girard Nadine J. , Chaumoitre Kathia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis work reviews magnetic resonance imaging in the developing human brain. It focuses on fetal brain imaged in vivo and in utero with complementary sections on abnormalities seen in clinical settings, and on potential of diffusion tensor imaging and of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The main purposes are to illustrate the normal fetal developing brain and its abnormalities commonly encountered in utero, and to emphasize the potential role of adjunct techniques such as diffusion imaging and spectroscopy that may help elucidate fetal brain maturation and its abnormalities. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:788–804. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Practical medical applications of quantitative MR relaxometry
Authors: Margaret Cheng Hai‐Ling , Stikov Nikola , Ghugre Nilesh R. , Wright Graham A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConventional MR images are qualitative, and their signal intensity is dependent on several complementary contrast mechanisms that are manipulated by the MR hardware and software. In the absence of a quantitative metric for absolute interpretation of pixel signal intensities, one that is independent of scanner hardware and sequences, it is difficult to perform comparisons of MR images across subjects or longitudinally in the same subject. Quantitative relaxometry isolates the contributions of individual MR contrast mechanisms (T1, T2, T2*) and provides maps, which are independent of the MR protocol and have a physical interpretation often expressed in absolute units. In addition to providing an unbiased metric for comparing MR scans, quantitative relaxometry uses the relationship between MR maps and physiology to provide a noninvasive surrogate for biopsy and histology. This study provides an overview of some promising clinical applications of quantitative relaxometry, followed by a description of the methods and challenges of acquiring accurate and precise quantitative MR maps. It concludes with three case studies of quantitative relaxometry applied to studying multiple sclerosis, liver iron, and acute myocardial infarction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:805–824. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mechanical environment in dupuytren's contracture determines cell contractility and associated MMP‐mediated matrix remodeling
Authors: Verhoekx Jennifer S.N. , Beckett Kate S. , Bisson Marcus A. , McGrouther Duncan A. , Grobbelaar Adriaan O. , Mudera Vivek 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in Dupuytren's contracture and play a role in matrix remodeling. We tested the role of tension on contractility and MMP expression in Dupuytren's nodule and cord cells. Cells were subjected to pre‐determined loading patterns of known repeatable magnitudes (static load, unloading, and overloading) and tested for MMP gene expression (MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐9, ‐13, and TIMP‐1, ‐2) and force generation using a tension‐culture force monitor. Matrix remodeling was assessed by addition of cytochalasin D and residual matrix tension was quantified. Nodule compared to cord and control cells demonstrate greater force generation and remodeling (p < 0.05). Nodule cells subjected to a reduced load and overloading led to threefold increase of MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐9 compared to static load, whilst cord and control cells only showed a twofold increase of MMP‐9. Nodule cells subjected to overloading showed a twofold increase in TIMP‐2 expression, whilst cord and control cells showed a twofold increase in TIMP‐1 expression. Nodule cells differ from cord cells by increased force generation in response to changes in the mechanical environment and related MMP/TIMP‐mediated matrix remodeling. In turn this may lead to permanent matrix shortening and digital contracture. Interventional therapies should be aimed at nodule cells to prevent contraction and subsequent permanent matrix remodeling. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 328–334, 2013
Growth factor regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis under hypoxic conditions in isolated equine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Milner Peter I. , Smith Hannah C. , Robinson Rebecca , Wilkins Robert J. , Gibson John S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHypoxia and acidosis are recognized features of inflammatory arthroses. This study describes the effects of IGF‐1 and TGF‐β1 on pH regulatory mechanisms in articular cartilage under hypoxic conditions. Acid efflux, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in equine articular chondrocytes isolated in the presence of serum (10% fetal calf serum), IGF‐1 (1, 10, 50, 100 ng/ml) or TGF‐β1 (0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml) and then exposed to a short‐term (3 h) hypoxic insult (1% O2). Serum and 100 ng/ml IGF‐1 but not TGF‐β1 attenuated hypoxic regulation of pH homeostasis. IGF‐1 appeared to act through mitochondrial membrane potential stabilization and maintenance of intracellular ROS levels in very low levels of oxygen. Using protein phosphorylation inhibitors PD98059 (25 µM) and wortmannin (200 nM) and Western blotting, ERK1/2 and PI‐3 kinase pathways are important for the effect of IGF‐1 downstream to ROS generation in normoxia but only PI‐3 kinase is implicated in hypoxia. These results show that oxygen and growth factors interact to regulate pH recovery in articular chondrocytes by modulating intracellular oxygen metabolites. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 197–203, 2013
Plantar pressures and relative lesser metatarsal lengths in older people with and without forefoot pain
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Fotoohabadi Mohammad R. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Zammit Gerard V. , Gilheany Mark F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractForefoot pain is a common problem in older people. We determined whether plantar pressures during gait and the relative lengths of the lesser metatarsals differ between older people with and without plantar forefoot pain. Dynamic plantar pressure assessment during walking was undertaken using the Tekscan MatScan® system in 118 community‐dwelling older people (44 males and 74 females), mean age 74 (standard deviation = 5.9) years, 43 (36%) of whom reported current or previous plantar forefoot pain. The relative lengths of metatarsals 1–5 were determined from weightbearing X‐rays. Participants with current or previous plantar forefoot pain exhibited significantly (p = 0.032) greater peak plantar pressure under metatarsal heads 3–5 (1.93 ± 0.41 kg/cm2 vs. 1.74 ± 0.48 kg/cm2). However, no differences were found in relative metatarsal lengths between the groups. These findings indicate that older people with forefoot pain generate higher peak plantar pressures under the lateral metatarsal heads when walking, but do not exhibit relatively longer lesser metatarsals. Other factors may be responsible for the observed pressure increase, such as reduced range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joints and increased stiffness of plantar soft tissues. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 427–433, 2013
Microbiological aspects and shelf life of processed seafood products
Authors: Boziaris Ioannis S , Stamatiou Anastasios P , Nychas George‐John E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fresh fish and seafoods are very perishable products mainly owing to microbial activity of specific spoilage micro‐organisms. Application of hurdle technology leads to a variety of processed products with extended shelf life. In this study, sensory evaluation and microbiological analysis were carried out on 17 processed seafood products stored at 4 °C to determine their shelf life and the predominant spoilage micro‐organisms.RESULTS: Shelf life determined by sensory analysis varied from 66 to 180 days depending on the product. The cause of spoilage for most of the products was the development of off‐flavours/off‐odours, while two products were rejected owing to oil discolouration. Pseudomonads were in most cases below detection limit. H2S‐producing bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae were below detection limit throughout the experiment. The predominant spoilage micro‐organisms were lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Hygiene indicators such as Staphylococcus spp. and total coliforms were also below detection limit in all samples.CONCLUSION: Primarily the initial pH and secondarily the NaCl content determined shelf life duration. Under the applied conditions, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts predominated. The contribution of chemical oxidation and/or autolysis to spoilage and shelf life might be important for most of the products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Nitrogen use efficiency in grain production and the estimated nitrogen input/output balance in China agriculture
Authors: Li Shutian , He Ping , Jin Jiyun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND Understanding the nitrogen (N) use efficiency and N input/output balance in the agricultural system is crucial for best management of N fertilisers in China.RESULTS In the last 60 years, N fertiliser consumption correlated positively with grain production. During that period the partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) declined greatly from more than 1000 kg grain kg−1 N in the 1950s to nearly 30 kg grain kg−1 N in 2008. This change in PFPN could be largely explained by the increase in N rate. The average agronomic efficiency of fertiliser N (AEN) for rice, wheat and maize during 2000‐2010 was 12.6, 8.3 and 11.5 kg kg−1 respectively, which was similar to that in the early 1980s but lower than that in the early 1960s. Estimation based on statistical data showed that a total of 49.16 × 106 t of N was input into Chinese agriculture, of which chemical N, organic fertiliser N, biological fixed N and other sources accounted for 58.2, 24.3, 10.5 and 7.0% respectively. Nitrogen was surplus in all regions, the total N surplus being 10.6 × 106 t (60.6 kg ha−1).CONCLUSION The great challenge is to balance the use of current N fertilisers between regions and crops to improve N use efficiency while maintaining or increasing crop production under the high‐intensity agricultural system of China. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Aerodynamic properties of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) seed for separation from canola
Authors: Shahbazi Feizollah 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundWild mustard seed is similar in size and shape to canola seed and can be separated by pneumatic means if the aerodynamic properties of these two materials are well known. The objective of this study was evaluation of the aerodynamic properties of canola and wild mustard seeds as a function of moisture content from 5% to 20% (w.b).ResultsThe results showed that the terminal velocity of canola seeds increased, following a polynomial relationship from 5.401 to 6.566 m s−1, as the moisture content increased from 5% to 20%. Over this same moisture content range the terminal velocity of wild mustard seeds varied from 4.276 to 5.433 m s−1. The drag coefficient of canola and wild mustard seeds decreased linearly from 1.062 to 0.646 and from 1.432 to 0.928, respectively, as moisture content increased from 5% to 20%. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the terminal velocity and drag coefficient of canola and wild mustard seed at a 1% probability level.ConclusionThe results suggest that aerodynamic separation of wild mustard seed from canola is possible. Moisture content had a significant effect on the terminal velocity and drag coefficient of seeds.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Saponins extracted from by‐product of Asparagus officinalis L. suppress tumour cell migration and invasion through targeting Rho GTPase signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Jieqiong , Liu Yali , Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Wen , Pang Xiufeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe inedible bottom part (∼30–40%) of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears is usually discarded as waste. However, since this by‐product has been reported to be rich in many bioactive phytochemicals, it might be utilisable as a supplement in foods or natural drugs for its therapeutic effects. In this study it was identifed that saponins from old stems of asparagus (SSA) exerted potential inhibitory activity on tumour growth and metastasis.ResultsSSA suppressed cell viability of breast, colon and pancreatic cancers in a concentration‐dependent manner, with half‐maximum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 809.42 to 1829.96 µg mL−1. However, SSA was more functional in blocking cell migration and invasion as compared with its cytotoxic effect, with an effective inhibitory concentration of 400 µg mL−1. A mechanistic study showed that SSA markedly increased the activities of Cdc42 and Rac1 and decreased the activity of RhoA in cancer cells.ConclusionSSA inhibits tumour cell motility through modulating the Rho GTPase signalling pathway, suggesting a promising use of SSA as a supplement in healthcare foods and natural drugs for cancer prevention and treatment. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Flow‐through fibula flap using soleus branch as distal runoff: A case report
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Kayano Shuji , Umezawa Hiroki , Fujiki Masahide , Sakuraba Minoru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe flow‐through fibula flap utilizing the soleus branch as a distal runoff has not yet been reported. We herein present a patient with left tibial adamantimoma in whom wide resection of the tumor resulted in a segmental tibial defect 22 cm in length. The defect was successfully reconstructed with a flow‐through free fibula osteocutaneous flap using the soleus branch of the peroneal artery as a distal runoff. The short T‐segment of the peroneal artery was interposed to the transected posterior tibial artery. The soleus branch has a constant anatomy and a larger diameter than the distal stump of the peroneal artery. Short interposed flow‐through anastomosis to the major vessels is much easier and more reliable than the conventional methods. We believe that our method represents a versatile option for vascularized fibula bone grafting for extremity reconstruction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013
A robust model of pseudoelasticity in shape memory alloys
Authors: Stupkiewicz S. , Petryk H. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYA model of pseudoelasticity in shape memory alloys is developed within the incremental energy minimization framework. Three constitutive functions are involved: the Helmholtz free energy and rate‐independent dissipation that enter incrementally the minimized energy function, and the constraint function that defines the limit transformation strains. The proposed implementation is based on a unified augmented Lagrangian treatment of both the constitutive constraints and nonsmooth dissipation function. A methodology for easy reformulation of the model from the small‐strain to finite‐deformation regime is presented. Finite element computations demonstrate robustness of the finite‐strain version of the model and illustrate the effects of tension–compression asymmetry and transversal isotropy of the surface of limit transformation strains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variational multiscale method with subscales on the element boundaries for the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Baiges Joan , Codina Ramon 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we apply the variational multiscale method with subgrid scales on the element boundaries to the problem of solving the Helmholtz equation with low‐order finite elements. The expression for the subscales is obtained by imposing the continuity of fluxes across the interelement boundaries. The stabilization parameter is determined by performing a dispersion analysis, yielding the optimal values for the different discretizations and finite element mesh configurations. The performance of the method is compared with that of the standard Galerkin method and the classical Galerkin least‐squares method with very satisfactory results. Some numerical examples illustrate the behavior of the method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marketing social missions—adopting social marketing for social entrepreneurship? A conceptual analysis and case study
Authors: Madill Judith , Ziegler Rafael 
Published: September 2012

In aiming for voluntary behavioral change, social marketing may be particularly attractive for social entrepreneurs, but conversely, they may not have the resources or knowledge for conducting full‐blown social marketing campaigns. In response to the growing importance and role of social entrepreneurship in tackling social problems and the lack of research concerning how social marketing may play a role in such organizations, the purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper conceptual understanding of how social marketing may be of use to social entrepreneurial organizations. The research reports on a case analysis of One Drop and its Aqua expo and the utilization of social marketing in pursuit of its goal to achieve water conservation in the Northern Hemisphere. The research shows the adoption of elements of social marketing but not a conscious adoption of social marketing as a strategy.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.