bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate and Reliable Assessment of Legacy Wells Using Numerical, Risk-Based Models – A CO2 Storage Case Study
Authors: Sefat M. H. , Ghanbari S. , Davies D. , Patterson S. , Sofyan M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Assessing the leakage risks in Temporarily Abandoned (TA) or Plugged and Abandoned (P&A) legacy wells is a crucial step in well decommissioning and remediation projects. Being able to demonstrate the integrity of legacy wells is even more important when repurposing gas or oil reservoirs for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. It thus, forms a key selection criterion when screening candidate fields.
The risk-based, numerical model has been used to evaluate the long-term leakage and crossflow risks for alternative P&A well designs under various reservoir recharge and fluid injection scenarios. Quantified comparisons of multiple scenarios in terms of total risk, greenhouse gas emission or other benchmarks allows selection of the optimum "As Low As Reasonable Practicable" (ALARP) scenario. The model supports project planning and facilitates discussions with the regulators and other stakeholders by clearly quantifying the CO2 storage project's risks in terms of emission from legacy P&A'd wells.
This paper describes how the leakage risk was modelled for legacy P&A'd wells located in highly depleted gas reservoirs planned for future CO2 storage. Risks of both leakage to surface and crossflow to overburden layers were evaluated for natural reservoir recharge and CO2 storage scenarios. The model quantifies risks of well CO2 leakage and crossflow and allows probabilistic comparison of alternative scenarios while accounting for the uncertain initial and long-term permeability values for cement. The subsurface well model was extended to simulate fluid migration in overburden layers. The integrated subsurface and well P&A model was used to analyse the impact of crossflow on the risk of leakage to surface from nearby legacy wells.
The results allowed the operator to rank the legacy wells based on the risk of leakage. It is shown that legacy P&A wells are expected to have a low risk of leakage in a CO2 storage scenario. The risk of cumulative CO2 emission over 3,000 years even with pessimistic assumptions is expected to be only a very small fraction of the total volume of CO2 stored. These results supported both project planning and discussions with regulators when requesting a storage permit.
The Role of Wellbore Cement in Energy Transition: CO2 Storage and Emissions
Authors: Vanorio T. , ElGamal A. , Geremia D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sustainable development demands a fundamental transformation in energy generation, requiring innovations in subsurface management and geomaterial manufacturing. Cement plays a crucial role in facilitating this transition on two fronts. Firstly, as carbon dioxide (CO2) storage emerges as a promising strategy for mitigating emissions from large-scale industrial operations, its effective implementation relies not only on identifying suitable reservoirs with proven storage capacities but also on the performance of wellbore cement in providing long-term mechanical and hydraulic sealing. Secondly, the production of cement demands an environmentally conscious alternative to traditional Portland cement (PC) capable of both curbing CO2 emissions during the calcination process and bolstering the resilience of wellbore casing under pressure. Our research adopts a dual-pronged approach. We investigate the chemical interactions between supercritical CO2 and cement, analyzing their effects on cement porosity, permeability, strength, and failure mechanisms. Concurrently, we explore the properties of a low-carbon cement formulation derived from a volcanic blend composition. This formulation aims to reduce reliance on limestone as a primary resource, thus cutting emissions and minimizing reactivity with CO2. Our findings reveal that exposure to CO2 triggers well-documented carbonation reactions in Portland-based cement, commonly used in older and legacy wells. These reactions lead to calcite mineralization within the cement pore space, resulting in decreased porosity, reduced permeability, and increased strength. While these outcomes show promise for effectively sealing stored CO2 and furthering sustainability goals, it is crucial to note that increased strength does not necessarily correlate with improved toughness. Our findings underscore that calcite mineralization exacerbates cement brittleness and damage, evident from crack propagation detected through acoustic emissions (AEs) monitoring. Over time, crack development worsens fluid flow and heightens the susceptibility of calcite to dissolution in the presence of acidic fluids generated by continuous CO2 injection. Conversely, the volcanic-based formulation yielded lightweight cement samples with density ranging from 1100 kg/m3 to 1300 kg/m3 and a remarkable CO2 reduction of up to 85%. The microstructure resulting from the volcanic blend composition enables ductile mechanical behavior, with peak strength and permeability ranging between 30MPa to 46MPa and 680μD to 30μD, respectively, thus appearing promising when cement is exposed to CO2.
Generative Adversarial Network-Based Framework for Accurate DTS Logging Curve Generation in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Luo Yang , Kang Bo , Cheng Yi , Wang Hehua , Mi Zhongrong , Xiao Yong , Zhao Xing , Feng Yan , Guo Jianchun , Lu Cong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Accurate generation of missing share wave slowness (DTS) logging curve is significant for the precise reservoir evaluation. While various data-driven prediction models have been proposed, only a few addresses the intricate details of the DTS curve shape, and it is significant for reservoirs with strong heterogeneity.
In this study, a novel DTS generation framework consisting of generator and discriminator was established based on generative adversarial network. In the generator, with the input of compressional wave slowness and compensated neutron curves, the recurrent neural network was applied to gain insight into the general pattern and generate DTS curves. In the discriminator, the convolutional neural network was adopted to compare the detailed shape and evaluate the realness of generated DTS curves. Both the generator and discriminator underwent concurrent training, aiming for model convergence and achieving a close distribution resemblance between the generated DTS curves and authentic data.
The proposed DTS generation framework was practically applied in a shale gas field in the Sichuan basin of China. By segmenting the complete logging curves from over 100 wells, 47200 sequences with a length of 32 were obtained in the dataset. After 50 rounds and 26900 training cycles, the generation model exhibited robust performance with an average relative error of 0.015, and a coefficient of determination of 0.91. The frequency distribution of the generated DTS value closely resembled that of the real ones, confirming the generation ability for both overall fluctuation and local detailed shape. Moreover, a blind test on logging curves in 8 wells revealed a high shape agreement between the generated and real DTS curves, indicating the applicability of the proposed generation framework.
Unlike the conventional approaches emphasizing the overall trend of DTS curves, the proposed framework introduces an additional discriminator to enhance the generation ability for intricate local details, leading to significantly improved generation performance. This study underscores the potential of advanced artificial intelligence methodologies for precious logging curve generation.
Lessons Learned from the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration: A Comprehensive, 22-Year Duration Field Demonstration Program
Authors: McPherson B. J. , Balch R. S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) is a multi-state collaborative team tasked with characterizing, cataloguing, ranking, testing and demonstrating carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) options and technologies in the southwestern USA. The SWP region includes Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and parts of Texas, Wyoming, and Kansas. This region includes an extensive CO2 pipeline network facilitating transport from the Rockies to the Permian Basin for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) operations. The team formed in 2003 and will conclude operations in 2024. The SWP Phase I focused on cataloging regional CCS data and characterizing sequestration opportunities, focusing especially on those that may utilize existing CO2 pipelines. Phase II expanded these efforts, conducting field pilot tests to validate various sequestration methods and enhance monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) techniques. The culmination of SWP's work, Phase III, implemented a large-scale demonstration project that permanently sequestered over 1,000,000 metric tonnes of anthropogenic CO2 in the Anadarko basin. This phase concentrated on optimizing EOR and storage balance, ensuring storage permanence, and establishing best practices for future commercial CCS operations. Throughout the 22-year project, the SWP not only demonstrated the effectiveness of CCUS technologies but also contributed significantly to the development of scientific, regulatory, and operational frameworks necessary for commercialization of CCUS.
Biosurfactant-Enhanced Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Sanchez-Huerta C. , Hong P. -Y , Zhang S. , Alahmari M. M. , Humam A. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons poses a serious hazard to the environment. Current oil-contaminated groundwater remediation techniques include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Chemical surfactants have the potential of high toxicity due to their low biodegradability. Biosurfactants have demonstrated similar performance to that of chemical surfactants, with the added value of low toxicity. The use of surfactants directly over the top layer of crude oil-contaminating groundwater, where environmental conditions are different from that in above ground surfaces, have yet not been explored in depth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential of four different surfactants for their ability to be deployed in conditions mimicking underground aquifer so as to enhance remediation of oil-contaminated groundwater.
Selected surfactants comprised two chemical surfactants, referred to as A and B, and two biosurfactants, referred to as BS and C. Surfactants were evaluated for their ability (i) to reduce the crude oil layer thickness through facilitating oil dispersion, and (ii) the extent of natural biodegradation it can achieve. Experiments were performed in glass flasks containing synthetic groundwater and crude oil supplemented with surfactant added at the three different surfactants: oil ratios (S:O) 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50. Reduction of crude oil layer thickness, water turbidity, and bacterial cell count were continuously monitored for 60 days to observe the temporal variation of biosurfactant activity towards crude oil.
The performance of surfactants A, C and BS in reducing oil layer thickness was influenced by temperature and S:O ratios. Overall, increase in temperature increased the performance of these three surfactants. S:O ratio was optimal at 1:10 for surfactants A and BS, and at 1:5 for surfactant C. Surfactants A and C reduced the oil layer thickness mainly by means of dispersion and less by biodegradation. In contrast, surfactant BS exhibited an increase in bacterial cell growth that is directly correlated to oil thickness reduction, with an almost equal contribution in the crude oil removal by both dispersion and biodegradation.
Considering our findings, it is of high relevance to apply biosurfactants under optimal conditions to enhance the performance of surfactants in crude-oil removal. This study suggests that in order to develop an effective in-situ biosurfactant-based remediation system for oil decontamination of aquatic environments, different parameters should be considered. Such parameters play an important role in treatment feasibility.
Reservoir and Caprock Compositional Assessment Strategy for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Chiodoni A. , Fontana M. , Bejtka K. , Gho C. I. , Marzano F. , Pozzovivo V. , Scapolo M. , Mantegazzi A. , Coti C. , Verga F. , Pirri C. F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon geological sequestration and underground hydrogen storage share the need to validate the feasibility of using depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs or deep saline aquifers to receive and host new fluids in the rock pores. Furthermore, these fluids must be safely confined by the cap rock. Despite the rising interest in the underground storage of H2 or mixed with CH4, very few experimental works are available in the literature about the assessment of gas/rock geochemical reactive interactions. In this paper, we present a protocol used to asses gas/rock geochemical interactions of reservoir rocks and caprocks before and after exposure to hydrogen at various conditions, through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman Spectroscopy. An Italian field has been selected to assess the impact of gas/rock geochemical interactions with hydrogen at various conditions (pure gas, gas mix in a bioreactor). The optimized protocols were applied to the selected Italian field for the assessment of both caprock or reservoir rock and the outcome was: 1) no evidence of rock compositional variation was observed, 2) no significant morphological or compositional evidence of dissolution and precipitation phenomena was observed after the exposure of the rock to hydrogen. This study represents a step forward to verify the feasibility of underground hydrogen storage.
Significantly Reduce Emissions Using Ammonia Enriched Fuel Gas for Gas Turbines
Authors: Téllez-Schmill R. , Owodunni T. 
Published: June 2024

The urgent need to address environmental challenges has prompted refiners and petrochemical operators worldwide to find cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, particularly in their gas turbine equipment (GT). Carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary constituent of greenhouse gases, mainly originates from fossil fuel combustion (Ji et al. 2021). In response, many countries have implemented strict legislation, exemplified by the Paris (COP21) and Glasgow (COP26) Climate Agreements to reduce carbon emissions.
Within this dynamic shift toward sustainable energy, gas turbines (GT) stand at the pinnacle of turbomachinery excellence for power generation. In fact, industry leaders tout them as being unparalleled in this field. GTs are set to maintain a pivotal role as energy conversion equipment, characterized by high thermal efficiency, further affirming their importance in the ever-changing realm of energy infrastructure.
Natural gas, compared to liquid fuels, emerges as a key player in the pursuit of sustainable power solutions. It not only cuts CO2 emissions by 20% but also produces lower levels of NOx. As part of global decarbonization efforts, major gas turbine manufacturers such as Mitsubishi, GE, Siemens, and others are modifying their commercial GT models to burn natural gas with either hydrogen or ammonia. This strategic modification significantly decreases CO2 emissions. Depending on the turbine model, most GT manufacturers can achieve a hydrogen content of up to 100 vol% in the fuel gas for very specific models, as advertised on their websites (GE Vernova 2024; Mitsubishi Power 2021; Siemens Energy 2024).
Repurposing an Offshore Oil and Gas Platform for Green Hydrogen Production: A North Sea Case Study
Authors: Wilcox L. B. , Wiranegara N. K. , Martinez-Felipe A. , Hastings A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over the next decade, 100 oil and gas platforms, 2,100 North Sea wells, and 7,500 km of pipeline on the UK Continental Shelf are forecast for decommissioning with costs estimated to be £59 billion by 2050. 10% of oil and gas expenditure in the UKCS went into decommissioning in 2021, and that figure rose to 14% in 2022 and is set to rise even further to 19% in 2031. The oil and gas industry aims to reduce these costs by repurposing some of the soon-to-be decommissioned assets for renewable energy generation. This paper presents the findings of a feasibility study conducted to identify opportunities and risks associated with repurposing an offshore oil and gas platform in the North Sea for green hydrogen production. Various technical scenarios were investigated for the case study platform and their profitability was determined using economic calculations. In addition, the results of the techno-economic models were compared with standard decommissioning costs for improved decision making and recommendation purposes. The results of the study highlight the importance of considering various factors such as transmission systems, platform repurposing costs, and long-term financial implications when evaluating the techno-economic viability of different scenarios for offshore hydrogen production. Despite the initial investment for repurposing being three times the cost of decommissioning, the profitability forecast over a 20-year period using net present value analysis at a discount rate of 5% revealed that one of the scenarios holds potential economic benefits if the produced green hydrogen is sold at a price of £6.08/kg.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Histochemistry and Gene Expression Using Glycerol in the Pathosystem Musa X Mycosphaerella Fijiensis
Authors: Novaes Ana Paula da Silva , Ramos Andresa Priscila de souza , Nascimento Fernanda dos Santos , Rodrigues Andressa dos santos , Junior Luiz Carlos Souza , Santos Rogerio Merces Ferreira , Santos Rodrigo de Souza  Silva , Amorim Edson PErito , Rocha LEandro de Souza , Mendes Tiago Antonio de Oliveira , ferreira claudia Fortes 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Black Sigatoka (SN) is a disease that causes leaf lesions that impede the photosynthesis process, culminating in fruits of poor quality banana. Hence, environmentally correct measures, which can present sustainable control of the disease in the field, are extremely important. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify glycerol-mediated resistance responses in banana plants of the Grande Naine cultivar susceptible to BS. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with 5 treatments, namely: control, 0, 3, 5 and 8% glycerol and three replicates. The severity of the disease after the first symptoms was assessed every seven days. For gene expression analysis, the signal transduction genes (STRANS) and the recognition and signaling genes (KINLRR) and the reference genes, L2MU and 25S, were used. Histochemistry was performed to detect calosis with the aid of relative dyes of lugol and aniline blue. By means of leaf tissue clearing, it was possible to visualize pathogen structures from 72 HAI. In the analysis of calosis, the production of the compound was identified in the first evaluations in all glycerol treatments. The target resistance genes, STRANS and KINLRR, had higher expression in the treatments with 5-8% glycerol. From the results presented, glycerol appears to be a good resistance inducer for banana plants when used at a dose of 5%, but further studies are needed to verify the best time to apply treatments, inoculation, and doses to be used.
On-Road Vehicle Aerodynamics with the Ring-of-Fire Concept
Authors: Hüttig Steffen , Kühn Malte , Bloem Guus , Gericke Timo , Sciacchitano Andrea , Akkermans Rinie A.D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the first full-scale particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements to analyze the complete flow field of acar under real driving conditions. The Ring of Fire (RoF) measurementconcept, introduced by Terra et al. (Exp Fluids 58:83, 2017https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-017-2331-0), is adapted to automotive demandsto validate CFD simulations for further improvements of vehicle aerodynamics.The experiment consists of a tunnel setup, where neutrally buoyant helium-filledsoap bubbles are used as flow tracers and are illuminated by two high-speedlasers; four high-speed cameras captured the particles motion in two separateStereo-PIV-configurations with fields of view of 1.3ˆ0.6m2 and 2.8ˆ2.2m2.Data for a Volkswagen up!, while driving on a test track at a constant speed of33.33 m/s was acquired and processed with standard multi-pass PIV algorithms,in order to quantify the flow field and estimate limits of the described measurementprinciple for on-road car aerodynamics. The resulting velocity fieldsare compared with CFD-simulations, showing agreement for the here consideredcases within 9.65 - 6.97%, based on the root-mean-square error betweenthe experimental and the numerical results. Furthermore, drag calculation fromthe obtained velocity fields based on moment conservation is performed andthe percent difference to wind tunnel measurements reaches values below 3.0%.
Factors Associated with Nursing Students’ Academic Burnout.
Authors: Andargeery Shaherah Yousef , Altaweel Elaf Abdulrahman , Alkorbi Fatima Salem , Alyousef Lamia Abdulaziz , Alanazi Bushra Fayez , Idriss Sara Haroon , Alqahtani Sara Salem , Alkhmees Lana Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Academic burnout is a prevalent issue affecting students across different disciplines, including nursing students. Academic burnout negatively impacts students' clinical performance, patient satisfaction, and care quality.
Aim: This study aimed at examining the differences in the mean scores of students’ academic burnout on their demographic characteristics, and the relationship between academic burnout, self-efficacy, psychological distress, and quality of learning experience among undergraduate nursing students.
Methodology: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design with a purposive sampling was used to conduct the study. The questionnaire was sent through Microsoft Forms including demographic questions, Maslach-Burnout Inventory- Student Survey, General Self-Efficacy Survey, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Quality of Learning Experience Scale.
Results: The total number of participants was 286 nursing students. The results depicted that the mean scores of the academic burnout were statistically significant different between students based on their level of English proficiency, program, GPA, having interest in the field of nursing, and support from friends. Nursing students reported moderate levels of self-efficacy, academic burnout, and quality of learning experience. However, the participants are more likely to have severe psychological distress. Academic burnout negatively correlates with self-efficacy, psychological distress, and the quality of learning experience. However, overall quality of learning experience has the weakest correlation, while psychological distress is the strongest.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that academic institutions should ensure that the academic workload and expectations are realistic and aligned with the students' capabilities and avoid overwhelming them with excessive coursework or unrealistic deadlines. Time management skills, coping strategies, problem-solving, goal setting and prioritization should be incorporated in the programs to help students develop a balanced approach to their academic responsibilities.