bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation techniques in optometric education: Is a model eye for tonometry a valuable instruction tool?
Authors: Doorduyn Kate , Heitmar Rebekka , Coetzee Lauren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeSimulation techniques are used in healthcare education to support the development of clinical skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived value of a tonometry model eye (TME) when used in teaching and learning the clinical skill of Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in optometric education in the UK.MethodsA retrospective two‐armed cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the perceived value of using a model eye for teaching and learning GAT in optometric education. Focus group discussion (FGD) was employed to explore the views of academic experts experienced in teaching GAT using a TME. Semi‐structured surveys were conducted to elicit the opinions of optometry students following GAT simulation training. Qualitative thematic analysis of the FGD and open‐ended survey questions was undertaken. Quantitative data based on rated student responses was assessed using Chi‐square analysis to examine differences between year‐group responses.ResultsThe TME was reported to be a useful experiential tool, facilitating a safe learning environment for students to develop the technical skills required to perform GAT before moving on to real‐eye experiences. Whilst limitations of the model eye were noted, these did not diminish the value of the model eye as an instructional tool. Students reported improved confidence (86%) and would highly recommend (82%) the TME to other students.ConclusionThe model eye for tonometry was perceived by academic tutors and optometry students to be a valuable instruction tool as part of a scaffolded process for learning GAT. Irrespective of their learning stage, students reported a range of benefits from the model eye, such as being able to make mistakes, taking repeat measurements and getting used to the equipment, all whilst not having to worry about patient safety.
Predictors of functional mitral regurgitation improvement in patients with left bundle branch block treated with left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: Miao Huazhong , Chen Zenghong , Luo Yushi , Cheng Yandi , Cooray P. L. R. Krisunika , Wu Tian , Yang Wen , Zhou Xiujuan , Shan Qijun , Jiang Zhixin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and its severity are associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure patients. This study aims to analyze the predictors of FMR improvement after successful left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) in patients with LVEF < 50% and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB).MethodsConsecutive patients with LVEF < 50% and CLBBB who underwent successful LBBAP from July 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively identified. Significant MR was defined as regurgitation of moderate severity or greater. Patients with significant FMR were included in the analysis. FMR improvement (FMRI) was defined as a reduction of at least one grade in regurgitation severity compared to baseline at 3 months or longer follow‐up.ResultsAmong the 81 identified patients, 42 patients with significant FMR preoperatively were included. After LBBAP, QRS duration significantly shortened from 170.6 ± 18.8 ms to 114.5 ± 20.2 ms (p < .001). Significant FMR improves in approximately 76.2%, and the patients were divided into an FMRI group (n = 32) and a non‐FMRI group (n = 10). Univariate analysis showed that absence of persistent atrial fibrillation, typical CLBBB, and left atrium diameter at baseline were associated with improvement of FMR after LBBAP. Of these variables, only absence of persistent atrial fibrillation remains an independent predictor in the multivariate model (OR 12.436, p = .009).ConclusionLBBAP is able to improve FMR in heart failure patients who had CLBBB with LVEF < 50%. Meanwhile, the absence of persistent atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of FMR improvement.
Wild rice: unlocking the future of rice breeding
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Peng Youlin , Qiao Jiyue , Henry Robert , Qian Qian 
Published: August 2024

SummaryGermplasm resources serve as the foundations of advancements in breeding and are crucial for maintaining food security. Wild rice species of the genus Oryza include rich sources of genetic diversity and high adaptability, making them a substantial resource for rice breeding. The discovery of wild‐type cytoplasmic male sterility resources enabled the achievement of the ‘three lines’ goal in hybrid rice, significantly increasing rice yields. The application of resistance alleles from wild rice enables rice production to withstand losses caused by stress. Reduced genetic diversity due to rice breeding poses a significant limitation to further advances and can be alleviated through a systematic use of wild genetic resources that integrate geographic, climatic and environmental data of the original habitat, along with extensive germplasm collection and identification using advanced methods. Leveraging technological advancements in plant genomics, the understanding of genetic mechanisms and the application of artificial intelligence and gene editing can further enhance the efficiency and accuracy of this process. These advancements facilitate rapid isolation and functional studies of genes, and precise genome manipulation. This review systematically summarizes the utilization of superior genes and germplasm resources derived from wild rice sources, while also exploring the collection, conservation, identification and utilization of further wild rice germplasm resources. A focus on genome sequencing and biotechnology developments is leading to new breeding and biotechnology opportunities. These new opportunities will not only promote the development of rice varieties that exhibit high yields, superior stress resistance and high quality but also expand the genetic diversity among rice cultivars.
Characterisation of a major QTL for sodium accumulation in tomato grown in high salinity
Authors: Héreil A. , Guillaume M. , Duboscq R. , Carretero Y. , Pelpoir E. , Bitton F. , Giraud C. , Karlova R. , Testerink C. , Stevens R. , Causse M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoil salinity is a serious concern for tomato culture, affecting both yield and quality parameters. Although some genes involved in tomato salt tolerance have been identified, their genetic diversity has been rarely studied. In the present study, we assessed salt tolerance‐related traits at juvenile and adult stages in a large core collection and identified salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The results suggested that a major QTL is involved in leaf sodium accumulation at both physiological stages. We were able to identify the underlying candidate gene, coding for a well‐known sodium transporter, called SlHKT1.2. We showed that an eQTL for the expression of this gene in roots colocalized with the above ground sodium content QTL. A polymorphism putatively responsible for its variation was identified in the gene promoter. Finally, to extend the applicability of these results, we carried out the same analysis on a test‐cross panel composed of the core collection crossed with a distant line. The results indicated that the identified QTL retained its functional impact even in a hybrid genetic context: this paves the way for its use in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in tomato cultivars.
A rare cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae in a pediatric patient treated with trametinib for KRAS‐mutated diffuse glioma
Authors: Ryan Chenin , Moore Angel , Davis Matthew , Yazel Caitlin , Momtahen Shabnam , Ricci Angela M. , Talbot Elizabeth A. , Mann Julianne , Pace Nicole 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMitogen‐activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase inhibitors (MEKi) represent a promising new therapy for pediatric patients with low‐grade gliomas, which frequently have abnormal signaling within the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway. However, understanding of long‐term efficacy and toxicity is limited in pediatric glioma patients. This article describes a rare presentation of a widespread cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae in a pediatric patient with a low‐grade glioma treated with trametinib.
The Adolescent Transplant Recipient: An Overview of Neurocognitive Functioning and Implications for Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Fredericks Emily M. , Rea Kelly E. , Cousino Melissa K. , Kaufman Jacqueline N. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSolid organ transplantation (SOT) offers improved long‐term survival for youth with end‐stage organ disease. From a neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and academic perspective, children with solid organ transplant have a number of unique risk factors. While cognitive functioning may improve post‐transplantation, it is important to understand the trajectory of neurocognitive development starting in transplant candidacy to evaluate the implications of early deficits.AimThe aim of this paper is to describe the neurocognitive risks and long‐term implications for adolescent transplant recipients.MethodThis paper provides an overview of neurocognitive functioning in youth with end‐stage organ dysfunction with discussion of implications for adolescent transplant recipients.ResultsPost‐transplant, adolescent, and young adult solid organ transplant recipients exhibit significant levels of executive dysfunction, with implications for decision‐making, regimen adherence, and transition to adult transplant care.ConclusionTransplantation may reduce the risk for poor long‐term neurocognitive effects, yet adolescent transplant recipients remain at increased risk, particularly in executive functioning, which has implications for adherence and transition to adulthood. Baseline and follow‐up assessments for youth with end‐stage organ disease and transplant are important for the monitoring of neurocognitive development and may be used to mitigate risk for low adherence to post‐transplantation treatment regimens and reduce barriers to transitioning to adult transplant care.
Sustainable microcrystalline cellulose extracted from biowaste Albezia lebeck L. leaves: Biomass exfoliation and physicochemical characterization
Authors: Palaniappan Murugesan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is a focus on sustainability when manufacturing materials. Utilizing biobased materials and replacing fossil‐based products is the main research focus. Bio‐composite materials are applied to packaging, filler coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Here, we used the leaves of the agro‐waste plant Albizia lebeck L. to extract cellulose. Chemical treatment causing strong acid hydrolysis successfully extracted the cellulose content from the leaves. The cellulose obtained was then strengthened with polylactic acid to make a biobased film for future applications. Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, particle size analysis, visible UV and elemental analysis were all used to characterize the extracted cellulose. SEM and mechanical property analysis were used to check and describe the quality of the reinforced biofilm. The greatest cellulose yield from this raw material was 50.2%. The crystallinity index and crystallite size (CI 70.3% and CS 11.29 nm) were high in the extracted cellulose. The TG (DTG) curve analysis derivative revealed cellulose particle breakdown was initiated around 305.2°C and can endure temperatures up to 600°C. Biofilms reinforced with polylactic acid cellulose (1, 2, 3, and 5% by weight %) exhibited a smooth and parallel surface. As the filler concentration increased, minor agglomeration occurred. The tensile strength of pure polylactic acid (PLA) (34.72 MPa) was extended up to 38.91 MPa for 5% filler. Similarly, Young's modulus also increased to 5.24 MPa. However, the elongation break decreases with the increase of filler content, and the least value of decrease is 7.5 MPa. Concerning prospective implementations, it is expected that the biobased film and cellulose particles will prove to be more functional.
Genetic mosaic of the Mediterranean fig: comprehensive genomic insights from a gene bank collection
Authors: Bazakos Christos , Michailidis Michail , Tourvas Nikolaos , Alexiou Konstantinos G. , Mellidou Ifigeneia , Polychroniadou Chrysanthi , Boutsika Anastasia , Xanthopoulou Aliki , Moysiadis Theodoros , Skodra Christina , Kollaros Marios‐Georgios , Glavakis Evangelos , Stournaras Vasileios , Karagiannis Evangelos , Aravanopoulos Filippos , Molassiotis Athanassios , Tanou Georgia , Ganopoulos Ioannis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐depth whole‐genome resequencing of 53 diverse fig tree genotypes yielded a rich dataset of genetic variants. We successfully identified 5,501,460 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,228,537 insertions and deletions (InDels), providing a high‐density and excellent‐quality genetic map of the fig tree. We also performed a detailed population structure analysis, dividing the 53 genotypes into three geographical groups and assessing their genetic diversity and divergence. Analysis of structural variants (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) revealed their potential functional impact, particularly in plant‐pathogen interaction and secondary metabolism. Metabolomic fingerprinting of fig genotypes uncovered extensive variation in primary metabolites and polyphenolic compounds, highlighting the influence of genotype on fruit quality traits such as nutritional content and bioactive compound composition. The genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified critical SNPs associated with fruit quality and morphological features. The discovery of significant candidate genes, such as AGL62, GDSL, and COBRA‐like protein 4 genes, offers promising targets for marker‐assisted selection and genome editing approaches to improve fig fruit morphological and quality traits. This extensive genomic analysis of fig trees enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of important agronomic traits and provides a rich resource for future research in this economically and nutritionally significant fruit.
Effects of antioxidant Bis‐carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide added to bovine semen cryopreservation medium on in vitro assessed morphofunctional sperm parameters
Authors: Cruz Tairini E. , Sitó‐Silva Luan , Filho Rogério A. Almeida , Martins Alicio , Marqui Fernanda N. , Souza Diego G. , Berton Tatiana I. U. , Freita‐Dell'Aqua Camila P. , Oba Eunice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of various Ge132 (Bis‐carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide) concentrations on frozen bovine semen. Ejaculates from three bulls were pooled and divided into six groups, each one with different Ge132 concentrations (0, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) and each group was incubated in different conditions (33°C for 30 min (D: D0, D500, and D1000), and the other was immediately cooled to 4°C (R: R0‐control; R500 and R1000)). Thawed semen was evaluated for sperm characteristics by CASA and flow cytometer. Results showed better motility in the immediate cooling group without Ge132 compared with high Ge132 concentrations. Values for total motility dropped after 5 and 60 min in groups with high Ge132 levels and some control groups. Linearity increased with 1000 μg/mL Ge132, while straightness differed between moments in multiple groups. Membrane integrity was higher in a control group and certain Ge132 groups. Lower O2− generation occurred without Ge132. After oxidative stress induction, lipid peroxidation intensity increased with arachidonic acid, but D1000 had lower peroxidation than R0. Overall, Ge132 appears to have provided protection against PLM when subjected to oxidative stress, since even at high concentrations it maintained sperm metabolism.
The Underestimated Role of the Sports Psychiatrist in Athletic Performance Restoration, Maintenance, and Enhancement in Sports
Authors: Claussen Malte Christian , Burger James W. , Menon Ranjit , Nishida Masaki , Koh Boon Yau Eugene , Nahman Carolyn , Whitehead Jim , Edwards Carla , Baron David , Glick Ira 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn competitive and elite sports, mental health and athletic performance cannot be considered separately. Mental disorders in sports are bidirectionally associated with reduced athletic performance. A decline in performance, both within and outside of sport, can be a sign of mental disorder. Additionally, poor athletic performance is a potential risk factor for mental disorders in athletes. The central role sports psychiatrists play in the mental health of athletes is well‐established. However, their role in athletic performance is less well‐described and more controversial, perhaps due to a perception that performance is purely a secondary outcome of good mental health. This paper discusses the role that sports psychiatrists can play in athletic performance within competitive and elite sports. Performance can be distinguished into three key focus areas for sports psychiatrists: (i) performance restoration, (ii) performance maintenance, and (iii) performance enhancement. These should be considered throughout the continuum of mental health care, from prevention, treatment, to ongoing care for mental disorders. When reduced performance is due to a mental disorder, psychiatric treatment should purposefully aim to restore functioning and performance as part of management. Maintenance of performance is, similarly, an important element of the prevention, psychiatric treatment, and ongoing care of mental disorders. Holistic sports psychiatrists may also choose to aim for athletic performance enhancement beyond the context of mental health symptoms and disorders, to help athletes flourish and achieve their goals.
Trade openness and growth in a small economy: Evidence from Malawi
Authors: Musila Jacob , Mpekansambo Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEconomists often debate whether a country should pursue a discriminatory regional trade or the broader multilateral trade expansion. This paper contributes to the discourse by presenting empirical evidence on the impacts of regional and multilateral trade openness on economic growth of expansion in Malawi. Using the ARDL‐EC model and data spanning the period 1995–2020, the estimates show that the impact of multilateral trade openness on the long‐run growth rate is positive and statistically significant. At the disaggregated level, the results show that both intra‐ and extra‐African merchandise trade openness have positive and significant impact on the long‐run growth rate. The evidence also suggests that the impact of a change in the level of intra‐African merchandise trade openness on long‐run growth is larger than that of a similar change in the level of extra‐African merchandise trade openness. Thus, our results suggest that policymakers can pursue both regional and multilateral trade expansions simultaneously to accelerate Malawi's economic growth. To augment the benefits of trade, however, we recommend that policymakers focus on deepening intra‐African trade integration and diversifying the country's export base beyond the primary commodities; and to increase the processing of export products to enhance the dynamic benefits to spur faster growth.
Data-Efficient Dimensionality Reduction and Surrogate Modeling of High-Dimensional Stress Fields
Authors: Samaddar Anirban , Ravi Sandipp Krishnan , Ramachandra Nesar , Luan Lele , Madireddy Sandeep , Bhaduri Anindya , Pandita Piyush , Sun Changjie , Wang Liping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tensor datatypes representing field variables like stress, displacement, velocity, etc., have increasingly become a common occurrence in data-driven modeling and analysis of simulations. Numerous methods [such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs)] exist to address the meta-modeling of field data from simulations. As the complexity of the simulation increases, so does the cost of acquisition, leading to limited data scenarios. Modeling of tensor datatypes under limited data scenarios remains a hindrance for engineering applications. In this article, we introduce a direct image-to-image modeling framework of convolutional autoencoders enhanced by information bottleneck loss function to tackle the tensor data types with limited data. The information bottleneck method penalizes the nuisance information in the latent space while maximizing relevant information making it robust for limited data scenarios. The entire neural network framework is further combined with robust hyperparameter optimization. We perform numerical studies to compare the predictive performance of the proposed method with a dimensionality reduction-based surrogate modeling framework on a representative linear elastic ellipsoidal void problem with uniaxial loading. The data structure focuses on the low-data regime (fewer than 100 data points) and includes the parameterized geometry of the ellipsoidal void as the input and the predicted stress field as the output. The results of the numerical studies show that the information bottleneck approach yields improved overall accuracy and more precise prediction of the extremes of the stress field. Additionally, an in-depth analysis is carried out to elucidate the information compression behavior of the proposed framework.
Poor Activities of Daily Living Predict Future Weight Loss in Older Adults After Hospital Discharge—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Eymundsdottir Hrafnhildur , Blondal Berglind S. , Geirsdottir Ólöf G. , Ramel Alfons 
Published: August 2024

This study examined whether participants with poor activities of daily living (ADLs) at hospital discharge had increased weight loss after 6 months of follow-up and whether nutrition therapy can prevent this weight loss. This dietary randomized controlled trial (N = 104) examined community-dwelling older adults (66–95 years) discharged from hospital and at risk for malnutrition, receiving either 6 months of nutrition therapy (intervention) or only standard care (control). ADL was assessed using seven questions on self-care based on the Katz et al.’s method. At discharge, 45 (43%), 36 (35%), and 23 (22%) had high, medium, and poor ADL, respectively, with no differences between the control and intervention groups according to chi-square test. Participants in the control group with poor ADL had significantly higher weight loss than participants with high ADL (age- and sex-adjusted analysis of covariance: 3.6 kg; 95% confidence interval [1.0, 6.1] kg, p = .007). No such difference was observed in the intervention group. Participants with poor ADL at hospital discharge develop lower body weight by around 3.5 kg 6 months later when compared with participants with high ADL. Receiving nutrition therapy could help older adults with poor ADL to maintain body weight after hospital discharge.