bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paternalism, Public Health Ethics, and Equality
Authors: Midtgaard Søren Flinch 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeople’s lifestyles or their health choices importantly affect their general health. Furthermore, there is a social gradient in these choices such that people in relatively disadvantaged social positions tend to make worse choices with regard to their health than people in more advantaged positions. The consequence is deep inequalities in health. The state, to the extent it is part of its role to prevent harm and to reduce inequality, appears obliged to try to influence people’s health choices in the interest of their own health and general well-being. However, the state acting to prevent people from harming themselves is notoriously controversial, at least to liberals. It amounts to paternalism – something liberals have traditionally been loath to accept. Furthermore, the equality-generating credential of the available policy measures is in some cases doubtful. To assess the problem of paternalism in relation to government efforts to change lifestyles, partly with the aim of reducing inequalities in health, we need a clear notion of paternalism. The latter may, roughly, be seen as follows: A acts paternalistically in relation to B, if, and only if, (a) A restricts B’s liberty; (b) A does so against B’s will; (c) A does so in B’s interest; (d) A’s behavior cannot be justified without counting its beneficial effects to B in its favor. According to this conception, when the government informs citizens of the danger involved in certain types of health-related conduct, it is not acting paternalistically. However, campaigns may in fact increase rather than decrease inequality of health (because the worse off are less responsive to such measures than the better off). Nudging, on the other hand, stands a better chance of reducing inequality in health. However, nudging policies are less uncontroversial in terms of the problem of paternalism than their proponents are inclined to think. More familiar measures aiming to make the health-endangering behavior more expensive and/or difficult or outright prohibiting it stand a good chance of reducing inequalities, whilst not being more controversial than nudging policies (perhaps less) in terms of the paternalism they involve.
Un modelo de finca integrada orientada a contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria de comunidades indígenas de Talamanca (Artículo informativo)
Authors: Salazar-Díaz Ricardo 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">Este proyecto se lleva a cabo en el marco del Programa de Regionalización Interuniversitaria dentro de la iniciativa denominada Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de producción y comercialización de las unidades productivas y de servicios indígenas respetando la cultura Bribri y Cabécar con un enfoque ambientalmente sostenible. El proyecto consiste en un modelo de finca integrada orgánica, orientada a contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y al fortalecimiento agroecológico y cultural de comunidades indígenas de Talamanca. </p><p class="p1">El proyecto es liderado por tres jóvenes hermanos de la comunidad de Shuabb, distrito Telire, cantón de Talamanca, Costa Rica. En un área de cuatro hectáreas se estableció un modelo de producción agropecuaria, que consiste básicamente en la diversificación productiva de cultivos agrícolas, forestales y pecuarios de especies menores. </p><p class="p1">Más de 20 diferentes especies cultivadas, entre raíces, tubérculos, granos básicos, vegetales, hortalizas, frutales y forestales; módulos de gallinas y cerdos en pastoreo y dos estanques de peces hacen de esta finca familiar un modelo alternativo de desarrollo socioeconómico, que contribuye al autoconsumo y fomenta el mercado local. </p><p class="p1">A pesar de que los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales talamanqueños provienen de la relación continua y equilibrada con su medio natural, existe una evidencia del deterioro de esta relación. Como un resultado de esta iniciativa, se pretende que esta propuesta de sistema productivo sea un modelo a replicar en comunidades vecinas y de esta manera contribuir al desarrollo humano sostenible de la región de Talamanca. </p>
Multímetro como sistema de medición alternativo en las valoraciones potenciométricas
Authors: Pérez-Saavedra José De Jesús , Rincón-Arce Sonia , Cisneros-Valladares Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">En el presente trabajo, experimentalmente se demuestra que las valoraciones potenciométricas usuales en química analítica (acido-base, redox, complejométricas y de halogenuros) pueden llevarse a cabo utilizando como sistema indicador de punto de equivalencia, un multímetro en vez del potenciómetro, mediante la prueba estadística de t de Student; y se posibilita con esto que los laboratorios de docencia se puedan equipar mejor y a bajo costo, con multímetros en vez de potenciómetros. </p>
Preferencias en la anidación de tortugas carey (Eretmochelys imbricata) y baulas (Dermochelys coriacea) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca Manzanillo, Limón, Costa Rica
Authors: Piedra-Castro Lilliana , Morales-Cerdas Vanessa 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">El Caribe costarricense es importante como sitio de alimentación, copulación, anidación y desove de las tortugas marinas, por lo que el presente trabajo pretendió actualizar el patrón de anidación en las tortugas marinas <em>Dermochelys coriacea </em>y <em>Eretmochelys imbricata </em>en el sector Gandoca, del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gandoca Manzanillo, Limón, Costa Rica, para proponer medidas de manejo. Se realizaron recorridos nocturnos entre las 8:00 p. m. y 4:00 a. m., la playa se dividió en cinco sectores, en estos se realizaron observaciones directas y de rastros, de las tortugas que elaboraron el nido, entre febrero y agosto del 2011 y 2012. Se registraron tres especies de tortugas marinas, <em>Dermochelys coriacea</em>, <em>Eretmochelys imbricata </em>y <em>Chelonia mydas. </em>La anidación de tortugas baula tuvo su punto máximo entre marzo y julio; por su parte, las carey, entre mayo y junio (2011), y junio hasta agosto en el 2012. Se observó preferencia en la posición de la playa utilizada para construir sus nidos; la baula utiliza principalmente la parte media, mientras que la carey utilizó mayormente la parte baja para anidar (t = 17.2525). Se observó que la baula utilizó frecuentemente el sector C; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en el uso de los sectores. Se concluye que ambas especies tienen preferencias en la selección de la zona de playa en que anidan; la carey en la parte baja cerca de la línea de costa y la baula en la parte media. Además, las tortugas baula utilizan indistintamente los diferentes sectores de la playa estudiada. </p>
Introducción al fenómeno de corrosión: tipos, factores que influyen y control para la protección de materiales (Nota técnica)
Authors: Salazar-Jiménez José Alberto 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">El fenómeno de corrosión consiste en el proceso de deterioro de materiales metálicos mediante reacciones químicas y electroquímicas, debido a que estos materiales buscan alcanzar un estado de menor potencial energético. La corrosión tiene muchas repercusiones a nivel económico, de seguridad y de conservación de materiales, por lo que su estudio y mitigación es de suma importancia. En este documento se facilita información acerca de, (1) algunos tipos de corrosión que se pueden observar comúnmente, (2) algunos factores que influencia al proceso de corrosión y su velocidad, y (3) algunos tipos de métodos para el control de la corrosión y la protección de materiales ante este fenómeno. </p>
Health Problems of Ebola Virus Disease Survivours in Sierra Leone, 2015:
Making a Case for Follow-Up Care After Discharge from Ebola Treatment
Centres
Authors: Nabena Edmund Presiror , Bakare Waheed Ariyo , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Anyanwu Roosevelt , Akuechiama Jude Chimaobina , E. J. Inyang Samuel , Famuyide Temitope 
Published: November 2015

Background :
The number of the survivours of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is increasing. They have
reported health problems.

Objective:
This study aimed to document the health problems of EVD survivour in Bombali District Sierra Leone.

Methods:
This was a cross sectional study conducted at Bombali District, Sierra Leone in February, 2015. Participants
were EVD survivours admitted and discharged from September, 2014 to February 2015. In all, 304 survivours
participated in the study by filling an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0
using descriptive statistics. Association between independent variables was explored with chi square test. The level of
statistical significance was set at p <0.05.

Results:
The median age of survivour was 24 years (range 1-89 years), 105 (34.5%) were <18 years, and more than half of
the total responders (60.9%) were females, 92 (30.3%) were discharged in November, 2014. All 189 (62%) had health
problem: 65 (34%) and 124 (66%) had single and multiple complaints respectively. Joint pain was reported by
111(58.7%), generalized body pain – 91(48.1%), headache – 81(43%), eye problems – 65(34%), psychological problems
– 63(33%). Only 2 (1.06%) survivours have sought for help. Among survivours of 18 years and above, 148(74.4%) had
health problems p<0.001. Health problems were reported by 101(70.1%) of survivours with no formal education p=0.002.
Also, 52(83.9%) widow(er) had health problems p<0.001.

Conclusion:
There is a need for the establishment of survivour’s clinic. Provision of specialized care for survivour is
encouraged based on their identified needs. This can be done early to avoid complications.
Role of polyphenolic acetates and calreticulin induced hyperacetylation via epigenetic modulation on apoptosis in Ehrlich Ascites tumour mice model
Authors: Rohil Vishwajeet , Rahman Mujeeb Ur , Beetan Neetu , Sharma Anju , Sharma Karuna , Kumar Ajit 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Role of Polyphenolic acetates (PAs) was studied to explore their ability to impart acetylation of histone protein by the novel mechanism of acetylation in Ehrlich Ascites tumour (EAT) mice model. Effect of HDAC inhibitor Valproic acid (VA) alone and in combination with Polyphenolic acetates and also Polyphenolic acetates along with Calreticulin (CAL) induced hyperacetylation causing modulation of apoptosis was also investigated in view of possibility to develop target oriented combination therapy in cancer.Materials and Methods: EAT mice model was established. EAT mice were treated with different PAs, VA and purified, recombinant calreticulin and their combinations by Intra peritoneal route (I.P) which induced transacetylation of histones resulting in apoptosis. After 26 hrs of the above treatment, 2ml of peritoneal fluid was aspirated from mice of all the above groups. The peritoneal fluid was studied for the amount of acetylated histone proteins by Western blotting using commercially available specific Anti- Acetyl Histone (Ac-Lys) Antibodies and extent of apoptosis in peritoneal cells by Flow-Cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.Results: The number of apoptotic cells were represented by the Median (25th, 75th percentile) clearly illustrates significant increase in the no. of apoptotic cells in both PAs viz. 7,8-Diacetoxy-4-Methyl Coumarin (DAMC) and 6-Acetoxy Quinolone (6-AQ) and their combinations with CAL and VA as compared to DMSO control group and the maximum no. of apoptotic cells were observed in Group DAMC+CAL+VA. Increased extent of histone protein acetylation was observed by Western blotting using specific Anti- Acetyl Histone (Ac-Lys) Antibodies.Conclusion: PAs alone and also synergistically with CAL and VA are potential drug candidates for Cancer therapy.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 13-20
Synthesis, antimalarial activity evaluation and molecular docking studies of some novel dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes
Authors: Kumawat Mukesh Kumar , Chetia Dipak 
Published: November 2015

<p class="Abstract">Seven novel dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane derivatives were synthesized and characterized by a number of analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The molecules were subsequently screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant strain of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> (RKL-9). At antimalarial activity screening, two compounds, namely 5d (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL or 64.5 µM) and 5f (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL or 54.6 µM) were found to be about 1.5 times more potent against chloroquine resistant strain-RKL-9 compared to chloroquine (MIC = 25.0 µg/mL or 78.3 µM). Molecular docking studies of potent ligands were also performed in cysteine protease binding pocket residues of falcipain-2 as a target protein.</p><p> </p>
De la conduite de réunion à la conduite de groupe
Authors: Rouchy Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2015

La méthodologie de conduite de réunion que G. Palmade a conçue et développée avait pour objet principal une pédagogie de l’étude de problème. Notre conception du travail de groupe s’est enrichie et a changé d’objet, à la fois par des choix d’orientation psychanalytique et par une pratique dans le champ de la santé et du travail social. En nous référant aux concepts de « groupe de travail » de W.R. Bion, c’est la notion de « tâche » qui est devenue le critère à partir duquel les différents types de dispositifs de groupe sont répertoriés. Tout en gardant le fondement solide du cadre méthodologique, le travail de groupe peut concerner aussi bien des groupes thérapeutiques, des supervisions, des groupes à médiation, des groupes de formation ou d’intervention en institution. Le dispositif détermine l’espace analytique, la conduite du groupe et la place d’où l’on intervient. La topique de Bion ( work group, basic assumption, protomental ) donne une profondeur rationnelle, émotionnelle, somatopsychique à la conception de la conduite de groupe.
Filiation Freud-Ferenczi-Balint : fidélité et évolution en psychanalyse
Authors: Moreau Ricaud Michelle 
Published: November 2015

On connaît la fidélité exemplaire de Michael Balint envers S. Ferenczi, son psychanalyste et ami de Budapest, qu’il n’a eu de cesse, dans son exil en Grande-Bretagne (1939), de faire connaître pour le réhabiliter dans la communauté analytique. Balint est non seulement son « passeur », mais également son « continuateur ». Il a pu réviser quelques-unes de ses positions théoriques, signaler ses erreurs, les corriger et les dépasser. S’il se disait marginal dans le courant des années 1960 à la British Psychoanalytical Society , était-ce dû à sa critique du concept freudien du narcissisme primaire, critique dans laquelle il n’était pas suivi ? Tout en restant freudien et ferenczien, n’apporte-t-il pas au corpus analytique de nouveaux concepts (« amour primaire », « les trois zones de l’appareil psychique », la « régression » bénigne ou maligne, le « défaut fondamental »), qui enrichissent et font évoluer la théorie de la psychanalyse et la manière de conduire les cures ?
Development of a Multibody Systems Model for Investigation of the Effects of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains on Vehicle Dynamics.
Authors: Bastin Matthew Andrew , Jones R Peter 
Published: November 2015

With ever increasing numbers of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s) being developed, come new challenges in the field of automotive engineering. Whilst there has been considerable work conducted on HEV’s from a powertrain, efficiency, and control systems perspective, very little work has been instigated in the field of how the introduction of such hybrid systems effect passive vehicle dynamics. One of the possible obstacles in the way of such studies is the multitude of powertrain architectures that are present or possible in HEV’s. This obstacle can make investigations very application specific, and leads to inefficiencies in the modelling process.
This paper discusses the development of a model constructed in Dymola in order to investigate the effects of hybrid powertrains on ride and handling. The modelling methodology is presented, along with model based testing and validation of component and the full vehicle models.
Whilst the development of the model is introduced for a specific study, it is shown that the way in which the model has been developed lends itself easily to use in other fields. It is shown that the modular construction of the model, and the physical, object orientated modelling approach facilitated by Dymola, allow varying numbers and complexities of component models to be utilised within the same basic model. Such an approach means that one base model can be utilised for differing hybrid architectures for ride, handling and drivability studies thus reducing modelling time and complexity.
Minimal Orbicularis Myectomy: Does it Relieve Spasms in Benign Essential Blepharospasm?
Authors: Irfan Sameera 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: A new technique of minimally invasive orbicularis myectomy is described. A study is presented to show its efficacy in relieving spasms in benign essential blepharospasm and to note any complications resulting from it. Materials and Methods: In a prospective clinical, interventional study conducted at oculoplastics department of a tertiary care center, 25 consecutive cases (50 eyes) of benign essential blepharospasm were included, from January 2012 to December 2014. The patients consisted of 19 women and 6 men between the ages 28 and 66 years (mean age, 52 years). After a thorough history, a complete ophthalmological examination, and assessment of functional disability, they received appropriate therapy for triggering factors such as dry eyes, meibomitis, blepharitis, and trachoma for 1 month, after which a minimal orbicularis myectomy of both the upper and lower lids was performed simultaneously under local anesthesia by a single surgeon. The cases were followed up after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Six cases (24%) needed simultaneous brow suspension; 4 cases (16%) had blepharoplasty for dermatochalasis. Postoperatively, ecchymosis of lids was noted in 13 cases (52%) and lid swelling in 3 cases (12%). No lad lag, lid asymmetry, or corneal exposure was seen in any case. Three cases needed frontalis suspension for apraxia of upper lids, which was done 1 month postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was 100%, with improved functional disability. Conclusion: Minimal orbicularis myectomy was found to be effective in providing a long-term relief of spasms and was not associated with any complications. However, proper patient selection is mandatory.
MAVEN observations of solar wind hydrogen deposition in the atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Lillis R. J. , Mitchell D. L. , Cravens T. E. , Mazelle C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. R. , Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , Jakosky B. M. , Luhmann J. G. , McFadden J. P. , Larson D. E. , Harada Y. , Ruhunusiri S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) observes a tenuous but ubiquitous flux of protons with the same energy as the solar wind in the Martian atmosphere. During high flux intervals, we observe a corresponding negative hydrogen population. The correlation between penetrating and solar wind fluxes, the constant energy, and the lack of a corresponding charged population at intermediate altitudes implicate products of hydrogen energetic neutral atoms from charge exchange between the upstream solar wind and the exosphere. These atoms, previously observed in neutral form, penetrate the magnetosphere unaffected by electromagnetic fields (retaining the solar wind velocity), and some fraction reconvert to charged form through collisions with the atmosphere. MAVEN characterizes the energy and angular distributions of both penetrating and backscattered particles, potentially providing information about the solar wind, the hydrogen corona, and collisional interactions in the atmosphere. The accretion of solar wind hydrogen may provide an important source term to the Martian atmosphere over the planet's history.
The first in situ electron temperature and density measurements of the Martian nightside ionosphere
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Andersson L. , Ergun R. E. , Morooka M. , Delory G. , Andrews D. J. , Lillis Robert J. , McEnulty T. , Weber T. D. , Chamandy T. M. , Eriksson A. I. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe first in situ nightside electron density and temperature profiles at Mars are presented as functions of altitude and local time (LT) from the Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW) instrument on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission spacecraft. LPW is able to measure densities as low as ∼100
, a factor of up to 10 or greater improvement over previous measurements. Above 200 km, near‐vertical density profiles of a few hundred cubic centimeters were observed for almost all nightside LT, with the lowest densities and highest temperatures observed postmidnight. Density peaks of a few thousand cubic centimeters were observed below 200 km at all nightside LT. The lowest temperatures were observed below 180 km and approach the neutral atmospheric temperature. One‐dimensional modeling demonstrates that precipitating electrons were able to sustain the observed nightside ionospheric densities below 200 km.
New observations of molecular nitrogen in the Martian upper atmosphere by IUVS on MAVEN
Authors: Stevens M. H. , Evans J. S. , Schneider N. M. , Stewart A. I. F. , Deighan J. , Jain S. K. , Crismani M. , Stiepen A. , Chaffin M. S. , McClintock W. E. , Holsclaw G. M. , Lefèvre F. , Lo D. Y. , Clarke J. T. , Montmessin F. , Bougher S. W. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe identify molecular nitrogen (N2) emissions in the Martian upper atmosphere using the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We report the first observations of the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) bands at Mars and confirm the tentative identification of the N2 Vegard‐Kaplan (VK) bands. We retrieve N2 density profiles from the VK limb emissions and compare calculated limb radiances between 90 and 210 km against both observations and predictions from a Mars general circulation model (GCM). Contrary to earlier analyses using other satellite data, we find that N2 abundances exceed GCM results by about a factor of 2 at 130 km but are in agreement at 150 km. The analysis and interpretation are enabled by a linear regression method used to extract components of UV spectra from IUVS limb observations.
Structure and composition of the neutral upper atmosphere of Mars from the MAVEN NGIMS investigation
Authors: Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , Elrod M. , Yelle R. V. , Bougher S. W. , Stone S. W. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) provides sensitive detections of neutral gas and ambient ion composition. NGIMS measurements of nine atomic and molecular neutral species, and their variation with altitude, latitude, and solar zenith angle are reported over several months of operation of the MAVEN mission. Sampling NGIMS signals from multiple neutral species every several seconds reveals persistent and unexpectedly large amplitude density structures. The scale height temperatures are mapped over the course of the first few months of the mission from high down to midlatitudes. NGIMS measurements near the homopause of 40Ar/N2 ratios agree with those reported by the Sample Analysis at Mars investigation and allow the altitude of the homopause for the most abundant gases to be established.