bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid β peptide cleavage by kallikrein 7 attenuates fibril growth and rescues neurons from Aβ-mediated toxicity in vitro
Authors: Shropshire Tyler D. , Reifert Jack , Rajagopalan Sridharan , Baker David , Feinstein Stuart C. , Daugherty Patrick S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The gradual accumulation and assembly of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide into neuritic plaques is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). Proteolytic degradation of Aβ is an important clearance mechanism under normal circumstances, and it has been found to be compromised in those with AD. Here, the extended substrate specificity and Aβ-degrading capacity of kallikrein 7 (KLK7), a serine protease with a unique chymotrypsin-like specificity, was characterized. Preferred peptide substrates of KLK7 identified using a bacterial display substrate library were found to exhibit a consensus motif of RXΦ(Y/F)↓(Y/F)↓(S/A/G/T) or RXΦ(Y/F)↓(S/T/A) (Φ=hydrophobic), which is remarkably similar to the hydrophobic core motif of Aβ (K16L17V18F19F20 A21) that is largely responsible for aggregation propensity. KLK7 was found to cleave after both Phe residues within the core of Aβ42
in vitro, thereby inhibiting Aβ fibril formation and promoting the degradation of preformed fibrils. Finally, the treatment of Aβ oligomer preparations with KLK7, but not inactive pro-KLK7, significantly reduced Aβ42-mediated toxicity to rat hippocampal neurons to the same extent as the known Aβ-degrading protease insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Taken together, these results indicate that KLK7 possesses an Aβ-degrading capacity that can ameliorate the toxic effects of the aggregated peptide in vitro.
Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Welded Aisi 316 and Ck 45 Steels
Authors: Çelik Sare , Ersozlu Ismail 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study has arisen from the necessity to manufacture an impeller and a shaft pair of a water pump from two different types of steels. The impeller has to have resistant to corrosion and the shaft has to have magnetic permeability property. It is deemed suitable to use the AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel performing high resistance corrosion for the impeller and Ck 45 carbon steel with magnetic permeability property for the shaft. The joining of AISI 316 and Ck 45 steels has been achieved by using the friction welding method. After welding process, the tests of tensile and micro hardness were applied, the microstructures were observed, and composition of elements was found in the welding zone. As optimum welding parameters, 100 MPa of friction pressure, 10 s of friction time, 200 MPa of upset pressure and 20 s of upset time were determined in 3000 rev/min rotation speed.
Creating Spaces for Urban Youth: The Emergence of Culturally Responsive (Hip-Hop) School Leadership and Pedagogy
Authors: Khalifa Muhammad 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLadson-Billings, Gay and among others have demonstrated the strong need for educational curriculum and practice to respond to the specific academic, cultural, and social needs of culturally unique, minoritized students. This article focuses on culturally responsive leadership practices for students with Hip-Hop identity performatives. This research uses theoretical frameworks from culturally relevant pedagogies and the scholarship that addresses how young students negotiate, perform, and reinvent and reestablish themselves through Hip-Hop culture, literacy, and identity. Such scholarship situates Hip-Hop pedagogies and student identity. This 2-year ethnographic study of an alternative school reports on how a culturally responsive school leader recognized and validated Hip-Hop student identities. Though he was somewhat removed from the Hip-Hop performative himself, the principal was able to create a safe space in which these student identities were able to exist, and in doing so, prevent the visceral impulse toward marginalization and exclusionary practice of Black and Latino Hip-Hop students that so many of his teachers possessed. Thus, the study discusses leadership theory, as it answers the following research question: How can urban school leaders play a role in forging a space for Hip-Hop identity development in the schools they lead? Secondarily it asks – given the tensions and contestations in representations of Hip-Hop music – if they should actually do this, and if so, what are the characteristics of such leadership?
The cytologic category of oncocytic (Hurthle) cell neoplasm mostly includes low-risk lesions at histology: an institutional experience
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Martini Maurizio , Straccia Patrizia , Raffaelli Marco , Pennacchia Ilaria , Marrucci Eleonora , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido 
Published: August 2013

DesignThe cytological diagnosis of oncocytic/Hurthle cell neoplasms (OCN) represents a challenge with which cytopathologists face up to in their practice. The majority of these lesions undergo surgery for a definitive characterization of the nature mainly due to their more aggressive behavior than other malignant follicular lesions. In this study, we aimed at the evaluation of the effective malignant rate in a large cohort of OCNs.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2011, we analyzed 150 cyto-histological OCNs and 64 benign oncocytic/Hurthle lesions (BOL). Both groups of patients were analyzed for clinical and cyto-histological parameters. All the nodules were sampled under sonographic guidance and processed with the liquid-based cytological method.ResultsIn agreement with literature, we found a significant correlation only with female gender in both OCN (P=0.0160) and BOL groups. The 64 BOLs were histologically diagnosed as 15 Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), 45 hyperplastic nodules in HT, and four papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC, 6.2%). The 150 OCNs resulted in 141 (94%) oncocytic adenomas and nine (6%) malignant lesions. The latter group included five oncocytic carcinomas (OCC), three oncocytic variants of PTC, and one macrofollicular PTC featured by mild nuclear clearing with a dispersive cellular pattern. The malignant rate was respectively 6.2% in BOLs without any OCC whereas 3.3% OCC diagnosed in the OCN category.ConclusionsOur OCNs mostly resulted in histological adenomas with a lower rate of malignancy than in other series. Some morphological parameters (nuclear clearing, dysplasia, and dispersive cellular pattern) might be helpful in stratifying OCN patients into different risks of malignancy.
Attachment Style, Social Support, and Coping as Psychosocial Correlates of Happiness in Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Wilson Lisa , Catalano Denise , Sung Connie , Phillips Brian , Chou Chih-Chin , Chan Jacob Yui Chung , Chan Fong 
Published: August 2013

Objective: To examine the roles of attachment, social support, and coping as psychosocial correlates in predicting happiness in people with spinal cord injuries.Design: Quantitative descriptive research design using multiple regression and correlation techniques.Participants: 274 individuals with spinal cord injuries.Outcome Measures: Happiness as measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale.Results: Functional disability and psychosocial correlates including coping, attachment styles, and social support were found to be associated with happiness scores. Functional disability was found to have a large negative effect on happiness and the effect was significantly reduced after taking into consideration the effect of positive psychology factors.Conclusion: Positive psychology variables are important for happiness and subjective well-being, and happiness in turn is related to better quality of life. The negative relationship between functional disability and happiness can be mediated by attachment, social support, and coping. Rehabilitation professionals should deemphasize negative characteristics related to poor psychological adjustment and focus on positive human traits and positive psychology interventions for people with disabilities.
Residency preceptor development and evaluation: A new approach
Authors: Fuller Patrick D. , Peters Lori L. , Hoel Rebecca , Baldwin Jeffrey N. , Olsen Keith M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The design and implementation of a preceptor development program involving close collaboration by the pharmacy residency program director (RPD) and members of a residency advisory committee (RAC) are described.

Summary
In 2011 the Nebraska Medical Center (NMC) implemented a program to foster the development of preceptors’ teaching and clinical skills, as required by accreditation standards of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). The RPD and RAC worked closely to define expectations of resident preceptors and a pathway for their transition from “conditional” to “primary” status. Among other program requirements, prospective (and new incoming) preceptors must (1) submit to the RAC a letter of interest in becoming a resident preceptor accompanied by an academic and professional record, (2) complete a new preceptor orientation session in which teaching concepts and principles are presented and discussed, and (3) obtain 10 preceptor education (PE) credits every two years. PE credits are earned through defined preceptor development opportunities including a teaching core and a clinical core focused on enhancing skills such as the application of therapeutic knowledge and conduct of clinical research. All preceptors are required to submit updated academic and professional records to the RAC every two years. The RAC audits 25% of preceptors to document attainment of PE credits and also conducts annual reviews of ASHP Resi-Trak summary evaluations of all preceptors and learning experiences.

Conclusion
The NMC program may serve as a model for other institutions in planning and evaluating professional development programs to ensure that preceptors maintain the skills and knowledge necessary to provide high-quality resident training.
Effects of fixed functional therapy on tongue and hyoid positions and posterior airway
Authors: Ozdemir Fulya , Ulkur Feyza , Nalbantgil Didem 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate how therapy with a fixed functional appliance affects airway dimensions, dentoalveolar changes, and tongue and hyoid positions.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was carried out on 46 pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 23 post-peak Class II patients (12 girls, 11 boys) treated with a Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) appliance. The radiographies were taken at the start and at the end of Forsus FRD appliance therapy when a Class I or overcorrected Class I canine and molar relationship was achieved. The process took an average of 5 months 13 days ± 1 month 4 days. Skeletal and dental parameters were measured using Dolphin software, and the sagittal airway area was measured by AutoCAD software.

Results:
Analyses of the pre- and posttreatment means revealed that there was no statistically significant skeletal correction of the sagittal malocclusion; increase of lower incisor inclination, decrease of upper incisor inclination, decrease of interincisal angle, and rotation of occlusal plane all contributed to the reduction of overjet. The tongue area and intermaxillary space area increased in response to these dentoalveolar changes; however, there was no statistically significant change in the hyoid position or the oropharyngeal area between the two time points.

Conclusions:
The dentoalveolar changes produced by Forsus FRD appliance did not cause any significant posterior airway changes in young adult patients.
Cardiovascular Events and Geriatric Scale Scores in Elderly (70 Years Old and Above) Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Inclusion in the GERODIAB Cohort
Authors: Bauduceau Bernard , Doucet Jean , Le Floch Jean-Pierre , Verny Christiane ,   for the SFD/SFGG Intergroup and the GERODIAB Group
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relationships between cardiovascular complications and geriatric scale scores in French elderly (≥70 years of age) type 2 diabetic patients at inclusion in the GERODIAB cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
GERODIAB is the first French multicenter, prospective, observational survey designed to analyze the influence of glycemic control on morbidity/mortality in type 2 diabetic patients aged ≥70 years during a 5-year follow-up period. This study analyzed the relationships between classical macroangiopathic complications and geriatric scale scores in 987 patients at baseline, using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS
Cardiac ischemia (31.2%) was significantly associated with impaired activities of daily living (ADL) scores (P &lt; 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression included hypercholesterolemia, ADL, sex, and hypertension successively (70.3% concordance; P &lt; 0.001). Heart failure (10.1%) was associated with impaired Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), instrumental ADL (IADL) (P &lt; 0.05), and ADL scores (P &lt; 0.001). With the logistic model, waist circumference, age, and HDL cholesterol were significant factors (70.7% concordance; P &lt; 0.001). Arterial disease of the lower limbs (25.6%) was associated with impaired IADL and ADL scores (P &lt; 0.001). Significant factors using the logistic model were duration of diabetes, IADL score, hypertension, and sex (62.8% concordance; P &lt; 0.001). Cerebral ischemia (15.8%) was associated with impaired MMSE, Mini Nutritional Assessment, ADL, and IADL scores (P &lt; 0.01). IADL, sex, hypertension, and ADL were included in the logistic model successively (65.6% concordance; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In this specific population, impaired geriatric scale scores were found to be associated with classical macrovascular complications, notably using multivariate analyses. This suggests the benefits of thorough screening and management of cognitive and functional decline in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
Comprehensive Assessment and Network Analysis of the Emerging Genetic Susceptibility Landscape of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hicks Chindo , Miele Lucio , Koganti Tejaswi , Vijayakumar Srinivasan 
Published: August 2013

Background Recent advances in high-throughput genotyping have made possible identification of genetic variants associated with increased risk of developing prostate cancer using genome-wide associations studies (GWAS). However, the broader context in which the identified genetic variants operate is poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive assessment, network, and pathway analysis of the emerging genetic susceptibility landscape of prostate cancer. Methods We created a comprehensive catalog of genetic variants and associated genes by mining published reports and accompanying websites hosting supplementary data on GWAS. We then performed network and pathway analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-containing genes to identify gene regulatory networks and pathways enriched for genetic variants. Results We identified multiple gene networks and pathways enriched for genetic variants including IGF-1, androgen biosynthesis and androgen signaling pathways, and the molecular mechanisms of cancer. The results provide putative functional bridges between GWAS findings and gene regulatory networks and biological pathways.
Integrated General Education and the Extent of Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Hothem Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The University of California–Merced's Core 1 has potential to foster genuine interdisciplinary thinking by asking students to conceptualize knowledge across fields of inquiry. Core 1 introduces students to the range of scholarly inquiry at the university all in the span of one semester-long, writing-intensive, integrated curriculum that encourages them to make their own connections among the disciplines while practicing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Examining Core 1 in the context of general education literature affords new insights into tensions between general education course delivery and content and the meaning of general education for contemporary university students.
Beyond the “Ivory Tower”
Authors: Cantor Nancy , Englot Peter 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We in higher education have allowed the balance of the private and public purposes of liberal education to become skewed in our angst over fully embracing a central role in restoring prosperity and preparing our increasingly diverse population for the evolving responsibility of mending our fraying democracy. As we consider how best to reshape general education for our time and for the future, we would do well to recall our public purpose and to rethink where and how that education occurs.
General Education
Authors: White Eric R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The component of the baccalaureate degree referred to as general education is at risk. General education is losing traction in the curriculum, as calls for graduate students on a faster time schedule and a desire to produce readily employable graduates head the list of higher education objectives. Little attention is paid to how students come to understand the nature and purpose of the education they have chosen for themselves. As one of few endeavors in higher education with the capacity to reach all students, academic advising can ensure that general education is valued as essential by students who experience it.
Quantifying Learning in Critical Thinking
Authors: Fliegel Richard , Holland John 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article describes a three-year study assessing change in critical thinking demonstrated in essays written for regular class assignments. A rubric was designed and scorers trained to assess critical thinking holistically without knowledge of the writing prompt or author's status. The longitudinal improvement in scores earned by freshmen over three years was significantly related (p &lt; .01) to the difference in scores awarded to freshmen and juniors at a single moment in time. This method can be used to provide an “academic snapshot” of a program, using authentic course work to quantify learning in critical thinking over the undergraduate experience.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Substituted α‐Methylenebutyro‐ lactones via TRIP‐Catalyzed Allylation: Mechanistic Studies and Application to the Synthesis of (S)‐(−)‐Hydroxymatairesinol
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Schober Markus , Orthaber Andreas , Faber Kurt 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAsymmetric allylation of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes by a zinc(II)‐allylbutyrolactone species catalyzed by a chiral BINOL‐type phosphoric acid gave β‐substituted α‐methylenebutyrolactones in 68 to >99% ee and 52–91% isolated yield. DFT studies on the intermediate Zn2+‐complex – crucial for chiral induction – suggest a six‐membered ring intermediate, which allows the phosphoric acid moiety to activate the aldehyde. The methodology was applied to the synthesis of the antitumour natural product (S)‐(−)‐hydroxymatairesinol.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Thioaryl Carbonyl Compounds Through SS and CC Bond Cleavage
Authors: Zou Liang‐Hua , Priebbenow Daniel L. , Wang Long , Mottweiler Jakob , Bolm Carsten 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA method to access α‐thioaryl ketones and α‐thioaryl esters employing copper acetate (hydrate) as catalyst and readily accessible diaryl disulfides and β‐diketones (or β‐keto esters) has been developed. Both alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted carbonyl compounds can be prepared.magnified image
Chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solutions by polyelectrolyte‐enhanced ultrafiltration with polyquaternium
Authors: Zeng Jianxian , Guo Qiannan , Ou‐Yang Zhenzhong , Zhou Hu , Chen Huajun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPolyelectrolyte‐enhanced ultrafiltration was investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) anion from aqueous solutions with the help of cationic polyquaternium‐6 (PQ6). The ultrafiltration behavior of Cr(VI) aqueous solutions was studied at pH 6. Owing to an effect of electrostatic repulsion, the membrane with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 10 000 Da rejected about 30% of Cr(VI). Then, ultrafiltration of aqueous solutions of a Cr(VI)–PQ6 complex was further studied. Factors affecting Cr(VI) rejection coefficient (RCr) and permeate flux (J) such as pH, polymer metal ratio (PMR), the added salts, temperature, operating pressure and MWCO were investigated. The best operating parameters, such as pH 9 and PMR 10, were obtained in order to achieve high RCr (>0.97). By increasing the concentrations of the added salts (KCl, KNO3 and K2SO4), RCr was found to decrease significantly. J decreases slightly in the pH range of 2–5. Cl− or SO42− does not affect J, whereas NO3− results in the decrease of J. The binding mechanisms of dichromate, chromate and nitrate with PQ6 were proposed. Finally, the concentration experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions. RCr was close to 1, and J decreases slightly. Chromium was effectively concentrated by the membrane. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trap modification opens new gates to achieve sustainable coral reef fisheries
Authors: Gomes Ines , Erzini Karim , McClanahan Timothy R. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTInnovative strategies are needed to escape the social‐ecological poverty that so frequently emerges from persistent overfishing of coral reef resources.This study focuses on fishing gear selectivity and its potential to increase ecosystem health and fisheries productivity without compromising the catch of profitable species.An investigation into the effects of an escape gap (3 cm × 30 cm) modification to the traditional African basket trap on total catch biomass, catch composition and monetary value in two locations with different historical levels of fishing was undertaken.Gated traps caught less low‐value fish (juveniles and narrow‐bodied coral reef species) while increasing the catch of high‐ and medium‐value fish (wider‐bodied commercially valuable species). The total monetary value of the gated trap catches was maintained in a heavily fished environment, while it increased in the less fisheries‐depleted area.For the most important local commercial species, the African white‐spotted rabbitfish (Siganus sutor), the gated traps significantly increased the mean length (by 12%) and weight (by 32%) of capture and decreased the proportion of catch under length at first maturity (Lmat) from 56% (traditional traps) to 25% (gated traps).Escape gaps have shown the potential to affect the structure of the fishery and ecosystem by enhancing the number of mature individuals, increasing reef biodiversity and promoting functionally diverse reef fish communities without compromising fisher's revenues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous Feedback Control of Nonlinear Systems Based on Control Lyapunov Functions
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Han Zhengzhi , Huang Jun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with homogeneous feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems. By using control Lyapunov functions, homogeneous controllers of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous systems are respectively constructed, under which the stabilization of the systems under considerations are guaranteed. Then, the design method is extended for uncertain systems by means of homogeneous domination theory. Compared with the traditional design method based on robust control Lyapunov functions, the present design reduces the difficulty of constructing controllers. Finally, several simulation examples are given to illustrate the correctness of the design.