bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nature of Foot Ray Deficiency in Congenital Fibular Deficiency
Authors: Reyes Bryan A. , Birch John G. , Hootnick David R. , Cherkashin Alex M. , Samchukov Mikhail L. 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Absent lateral osseous structures in congenital fibular deficiency, including the distal femur and fibula, have led some authors to refer to the nature of foot ray deficiency as “lateral” as well. Others have suggested that the ray deficiency is in the central portion of the midfoot and forefoot.
We sought to determine whether cuboid preservation and/or cuneiform deficiency in the feet of patients with congenital fibular deficiency implied that the ray deficiency is central rather than lateral in patients with congenital fibular deficiency.

Methods:
We identified all patients with a clinical morphologic diagnosis of congenital fibular deficiency at our institution over a 15-year period. We reviewed the records and radiographs of patients who had radiographs of the feet to allow determination of the number of metatarsals, the presence or absence of a cuboid or calcaneocuboid fusion, the number of cuneiforms present (if possible), and any other osseous abnormalities of the foot. We excluded patients with 5-rayed feet, those who had not had radiographs of the feet, or whose radiographs were not adequate to allow accurate assessment of these radiographic features. We defined the characteristic “lateral (fifth) ray present” if there was a well-developed cuboid or calcaneocuboid coalition with which the lateral-most preserved metatarsal articulated.

Results:
Twenty-six patients with 28 affected feet met radiographic criteria for inclusion in the study. All affected feet had a well-developed cuboid or calcaneocuboid coalition. The lateral-most ray of 25 patients with 26 affected feet articulated with the cuboid or calcaneocuboid coalition. One patient with bilateral fibular deficiency had bilateral partially deficient cuboids, and the lateral-most metatarsal articulated with the medial remnant of the deformed cuboids. Twenty-one of 28 feet with visible cuneiforms had 2 or 1 cuneiform.

Conclusions:
Although the embryology and pathogenesis of congenital fibular deficiency remain unknown, based on the radiographic features of the feet in this study, congenital fibular deficiency should not be viewed as a global “lateral lower-limb deficiency” nor the foot ray deficiency as “lateral.”

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—prognostic study.
Parannular Elliptical Posterior Resection: A Low-Impact Reparative Technique for Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Da Col Uberto , Perticoni Simone , Ramoni Enrico 
Published: September 2015

Objective Although effective, Carpentier technique for mitral regurgitation presents two “Achille's heel”: the resection of the whole prolapsing section of posterior mitral leaflet (PML) including chordae tendinae and the annular distortion due to plication. An alternative technique of limited PML resection, which preserves mitral anatomy decreasing the impact on valve function, and 9-year outcome are presented. Methods Since April 2005 till March 2014, of 205 patients affected by mitral prolapse scheduled for repair (mitral valve repair), 54 patients have been included in the study. The rationale of the new technique was to limit PML resection to achieve a fair reduction of the prolapsing scallop(s) height, to avoid leaflet and annular distortion, and to spare the coaptation surface and other substantial structures. According to the observation that the posterior smooth zone of PML is quite free from chordal insertions, an elliptical slice of tissue was resected from this area. Annuloplasty and neochordal insertion when indicated completed the procedure. Results Up to 9 years of follow-up was 98% complete. One inhospital death, two late noncardiac deaths, one redo operation due to endocarditis were reported. On late follow-up, 92% patients were on New York Heart Association class I. Late echocardiography showed stability of repair (regurgitation grade of ≤1 in 92% of patients). Nearly two third of valves preserved good PML mobility. Conclusions The parannular elliptical posterior leaflet resection, providing excellent stable midterm results, seems to be a safe alternative method for repair of PML prolapse. It avoids distortion and weakening of annulus and leaflet, and it allows restoring a proper coaptation surface and maintains a satisfactory PML motion.
GYM score: 30-day mortality predictive model in elderly patients attended in the emergency department with infection
Authors: González del Castillo Juan , Escobar-Curbelo Luis , Martínez-Ortíz de Zárate Mikel , Llopis-Roca Ferrán , García-Lamberechts Jorge , Moreno-Cuervo Álvaro , Fernández Cristina , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2015

Objective
To determine the validity of the classic sepsis criteria or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and leukocyte count) and the modified sepsis criteria (systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria plus glycemia and altered mental status), and the validity of each of these variables individually to predict 30-day mortality, as well as develop a predictive model of 30-day mortality in elderly patients attended for infection in emergency departments (ED).

Methods
A prospective cohort study including patients at least 75 years old attended in three Spanish university ED for infection during 2013 was carried out. Demographic variables and data on comorbidities, functional status, hemodynamic sepsis diagnosis variables, site of infection, and 30-day mortality were collected.

Results
A total of 293 patients were finally included, mean age 84.0 (SD 5.5) years, and 158 (53.9%) were men. Overall, 185 patients (64%) fulfilled the classic sepsis criteria and 224 patients (76.5%) fulfilled the modified sepsis criteria. The all-cause 30-day mortality was 13.0%. The area under the curve of the classic sepsis criteria was 0.585 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.488–0.681; P=0.106], 0.594 for modified sepsis criteria (95% CI: 0.502–0.685; P=0.075), and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.660–0.841; P<0.001) for the GYM score (Glasgow <15; tachYpnea>20 bpm; Morbidity–Charlson index ≥3) to predict 30-day mortality, with statistically significant differences (P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively). The GYM score showed good calibration after bootstrap correction, with an area under the curve of 0.710 (95% CI: 0.605–0.815).

Conclusion
The GYM score showed better capacity than the classic and the modified sepsis criteria to predict 30-day mortality in elderly patients attended for infection in the ED.
Application of many-body dissipative particle dynamics to determine liquid characteristics
Authors: Yamada Toru , Yuan Jinliang , Sunden Bengt Ake 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find out the applicability of the many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) method for various real fluids by specifically focusing on the effects of the MDPD parameters on the MDPD fluid properties.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, the MDPD method based on van der Waals (vdw) equation of state is employed. The simulations are conducted by using LAMMPS with some modifications of the original package to include the many-body features in the simulation. The simulations are investigated in a three-dimensional Cartesian box solution domain in which MDPD particles are distributed. In order to evaluate the MDPD liquid characteristics for a stationary liquid film, self-diffusivity, viscosity, Schmidt number (Sc) and surface tension, are estimated for different MDPD parameters. The parameters are carefully selected based on previous studies. A set of single-droplet simulations is also performed to analyze the droplet characteristics and its behavior on a solid-wall. Besides, the relationship between the characteristic length in the DPD simulations and scaling parameters for the stationary liquid-film case is discussed by employing the Ohnesorge number.

Findings
– The results show that the liquid properties in the MDPD simulations can be widely ranged by varying the MDPD parameters. The values are highly influenced by the many-body feature in the conservative force which is not included in the original DPD method. It is also found that the wetting ability of the MDPD fluid on solid walls can be easily controlled by changing a many-body parameter. The characteristic length between the MDPD reduced unit and real unit is related for the stationary liquid-film case by employing the Ohnesorge number.

Originality/value
– The present parametric study shows that the liquid properties in the MDPD method can vary by carefully controlling the MDPD parameters, which demonstrates the high-potential applicability of the method for various real fluids. This will contribute to research areas in multi-phase transport phenomena at nano and sub-micron scales in, for example, fuel cells, batteries and other engineering devices involving porous media.
Effect of fluid-porous interface conditions on steady flow around and through a porous circular cylinder
Authors: Bovand Masoud , Rashidi Saman , Dehesht Masoomeh , Abolfazli Esfahani Javad 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to implement the numerical analysis based on finite volume method to compare the effects of stress-jump (SJ) and stress-continuity (SC) conditions on flow structure around and through a porous circular cylinder.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, a steady flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid around and through a porous circular cylinder of diameter “D,” using Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer’s equation in the porous region, is discussed. The SJ condition proposed by Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker is applied at the porous-fluid interface and compared with the traditional interfacial condition based on the SC condition in fluid and porous media. Equations with the relevant boundary conditions are numerically solved using a finite volume approach. In this study, Reynolds and Darcy numbers are varied within the ranges of 1
<
Re
<
40 and 10-7
<
Da
<
10-2, respectively, and the porosities are e=0.45, 0.7 and 0.95.

Findings
– Results show that the SJ condition leads to a much smaller boundary layer within porous medium near the interface as compared to the SC condition. Two interfacial conditions yield similar results with decrease in porosity.

Originality/value
– There is no published research in the literature about the effects of important parameters, such as Porosity and Darcy numbers on different fluid-porous interface conditions for a porous cylinder and comparison the effects of SJ and SC conditions on flow structure around and through a porous circular cylinder.
The application of business risk audit methodology within non-Big-4 firms
Authors: Kutum Imad , Fraser Ian , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the application of the business risk audit (BRA) approach within non-Big-4 audit firms in the USA, the UK and Canada. This paper focuses on the motivation for adopting this approach for non-Big-4 audit firms in the three countries, and the advantages, disadvantages and aftermath of applying this method.

Design/methodology/approach
– A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain the data necessary to address the research questions was used.

Findings
– It is found that non-Big-4 audit firms in the three countries have adopted BRA; their motivation was primarily to follow the standards in each country, and the general trend in the industry. The advantages identified are consistent with previous research; a direct benefit was noted for audit effectiveness and risk management for both clients and auditors. One major disadvantage of applying BRA is the cost burden to both the audit firm and their clients. Some of the interviewees claimed that this method is better suited to large firms and large audits.

Originality/value
– This is an innovative study that addresses a contemporary auditing issue. The majority of the audit research studies concentrate on the big audit firm practices; this study is the first to examine the application of audit practices within smaller audit firms.
Impact of IPO grading on earnings management
Authors: Maheshwari Yogesh , Agrawal Khushbu 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the impact of initial public offering (IPO) grading on earnings management by Indian companies in their IPOs. Specifically, it investigates whether earnings management significantly differs in the pre-IPO grading regime and post-IPO grading regime. Further, it examines whether earnings management significantly differs between high-graded and low-graded IPOs.

Design/methodology/approach
– The cross-sectional modified Jones model is used to obtain the discretionary accruals, a proxy for earnings management. The impact of IPO grading on earnings management is assessed using multiple regression analysis.

Findings
– Earnings management is significantly lower in graded IPOs as compared to the ones that are not graded. Further, among the graded IPOs, the high-graded IPOs exhibit lower earnings management as compared to the low-graded IPOs. The findings are robust to the use of an alternative measure for discretionary accruals.

Originality/value
– IPO grading in India is a unique certification mechanism, introduced for the first time in any market. This paper establishes the efficacy of this mandatory certification mechanism in reducing earnings management. The findings could be valuable to issuer companies, investors and market regulators.
A novel model to implement ERP based on dynamic capabilities
Authors: Chang Tsung-Sheng , Fu Hsin-Pin , Ku Cheng-Yuan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an implementation model for enterprise resource planning (ERP) based on resource-based view, and using the dynamic capability theory as its theoretical foundation. This model includes: the establishment of the objectives of the implementation, an assessment of the available resources and the scope of the implementation, the redesign/integration and organizational learning during the process, the implementation of the system, and the measurement and evaluation of its performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– An integrated circuits design company in Taiwan was used in a case study to examine the validity of the proposed model.

Findings
– When the proposed ERP implementation model was applied in this study, the results show that organizational coordination, system-process redesign and integration, and organizational learning are the critical strategies for enterprises, in order to reduce the risks during the implementation of ERP projects.

Practical implications
– This model can help enterprises recognize the resources needed when implementing an ERP. In addition, they need to consider the reliability of these resources, as this will increase the efficiency of the implementation, and thus the probability of success.

Originality/value
– Studies of past models in the implementation of ERP have been conducted in various industries. There is a need for further studies that evaluate the different concepts in terms of the effectiveness of specific methods, in order to enhance the probability of successfully implementing a dynamic system. This paper is one of the first to explain how an enterprise can implement an ERP that is based on the theory of dynamic capabilities. The case study illustrates the important, critical success factors.
US Supreme Court clarifies liability standard under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 for statements of opinion in registration statements
Authors: Parrino Richard , Schwab Douglas , Wertheimer David 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to examine the US Supreme Court’s much anticipated decision in Omnicare, Inc. v. Laborers Dist. Council Const. Indus. Pension Fund. In this 2015 case, the Supreme Court announced important principles for interpreting the application of the two bases for liability under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 to statements of opinion expressed in registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with public securities offerings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article examines the Supreme Court’s articulation of the standards federal courts must apply under Section 11 to determine if opinion statements were untrue statements of a material fact or misleading because they omitted material facts necessary to make the statements of opinion not misleading. The paper identifies a number of the complexities involved in the Supreme Court’s approach and emphasizes the nuanced assessment of the facts surrounding opinion statements courts will be required to undertake by Omnicare.

Findings
– The Omnicare decision has significant implications for the litigation of Section 11 claims challenging statements of opinion and for the preparation of registration statement disclosures. The Omnicare decision dramatically alters the standards for reviewing Section 11 claims premised on opinions long applied in a number of US federal appellate circuits. The decision is likely to result in more Section 11 claims based on supposedly misleading opinion statements, and potentially in a greater number of Section 11 claims that survive at least an initial motion to dismiss. Omnicare highlights the importance of including in registration statement disclosures meaningful cautionary statements identifying important facts that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from views expressed in an opinion.

Originality/value
– Expert guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
SEC permits abbreviated tender and exchange offers for non-convertible high-yield and investment-grade debt securities
Authors: Blumenstein Ian B. , Maki J. Eric , Owen John T. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– To advise companies of a recent SEC no-action letter relating to tender and exchange offers for certain debt securities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reviews various conditions allowing an issuer to use a shortened timeframe in which certain debt tender/exchange offers need be kept open for as few as five business days.

Findings
– The abbreviated debt tender/exchange offer structure contemplated by the no-action letter provides a more efficient mechanism for conducting debt tender/exchange offers in certain circumstances.

Practical implications
– Issuers conducting a debt tender/exchange offer should consider whether the new abbreviated structure is more effective in achieving their objectives than the more traditional structures.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from experienced securities regulatory lawyers that gives an overview of important developments in debt tender/exchange offer practice.
FINRA proposes requiring registration of associated persons who develop algorithmic trading strategies
Authors: Angstadt Janet M. , Foley Michael T. , Pazzol Ross , Van De Graaff James D. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– To analyze FINRA’s proposal that would require registration with FINRA of associated persons of FINRA-member firms who are primarily responsible for the design, development or significant modification of an algorithmic trading strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
– This article discusses the rationale and details of the proposed requirements.

Findings
– If adopted in its current form, the proposed rule-making, particularly when combined with the SEC’s proposed amendments to Rule 15b9-1 under the Securities and Exchange Act, would result in many various individuals who currently are not subject to a FINRA registration requirement, to pass a qualification examination and register.

Originality/value
– This article contains valuable information about important FINRA rule making activity.
Temperature‐Dependent Postmortem Changes in Human Cardiac Troponin‐T (cTnT): An Approach in Estimation of Time Since Death
Authors: Kumar Sachil , Ali Wahid , Singh Uma S. , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhattacharya Sandeep , Verma Anoop K. , Rupani Raja 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEstimation of time of death is an indispensible requirement of every medico‐legal autopsy, but unfortunately, there is not a single method by which it could be determined accurately. This study focused on the temperature‐dependent postmortem degradation of cardiac troponin‐T and its association with postmortem interval (PMI) in human. The analysis involved extraction of the protein, separation by denaturing gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and visualization by Western blot using cTnT‐specific monoclonal antibodies. The area of the bands within a lane was quantified by scanning and digitizing the image using Gel Doc (Universal Hood). The results indicate a characteristic banding pattern among human cadavers (n = 6) and a pseudo‐linear relationship between percentage of cTnT degradation and the log of the time since death (r > 0.95), which can be used to estimate the postmortem interval. The data presented demonstrate that this technique can provide an extended time range during which PMI can be more accurately estimated.
Authentication of Whey Protein Powders by Portable Mid‐Infrared Spectrometers Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis
Authors: Wang Ting , Tan Siow Ying , Mutilangi William , Aykas Didem P. , Rodriguez‐Saona Luis E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a simple and rapid method to differentiate whey protein types (WPC, WPI, and WPH) used for beverage manufacturing by combining the spectral signature collected from portable mid‐infrared spectrometers and pattern recognition analysis. Whey protein powders from different suppliers are produced using a large number of processing and compositional variables, resulting in variation in composition, concentration, protein structure, and thus functionality. Whey protein powders including whey protein isolates, whey protein concentrates and whey protein hydrolysates were obtained from different suppliers and their spectra collected using portable mid‐infrared spectrometers (single and triple reflection) by pressing the powder onto an Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) diamond crystal with a pressure clamp. Spectra were analyzed by soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) generating a classification model showing the ability to differentiate whey protein types by forming tight clusters with interclass distance values of >3, considered to be significantly different from each other. The major bands centered at 1640 and 1580 cm−1were responsible for separation and were associated with differences in amide I and amide II vibrations of proteins, respectively. Another important band in whey protein clustering was associated with carboxylate vibrations of acidic amino acids (∼1570 cm−1). The use of a portable mid‐IR spectrometer combined with pattern recognition analysis showed potential for discriminating whey protein ingredients that can help to streamline the analytical procedure so that it is more applicable for field‐based screening of ingredients.