bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects ofhukou(official household residential status) on perceived human resource management practices and organizational justice in China
Authors: Shen Jie , Leggett Chris 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of China's official household residential status (hukou) on perceived human resource management (HRM) practices, perceived organizational justice (POJ) and its moderation of the relationship between them.Design/methodology/approach– The data for the study were collected from 775 employees in 36 companies in China. Missing data analysis was conducted in order to identify the pattern associated with personal demographic variables. A one-way between-groups MANOVA was performed to investigatehukoudifferences in the perceptions of HRM practices and POJ. Confirmative factor analysis was conducted on POJ's three-factor measurement model to examine the distinctiveness of the study variables.Findings– Employees registered as agricultural, i.e. rural,hukou, who have migrated to and found employment in urban areas, perceive HRM practices and distributive and procedural justice less favourably than do non-agricultural, i.e. urban,hukou. It also finds thathukoustatus moderates the effect of HRM on POJ. The findings therefore are that HRM that differentiates ruralhukouand urbanhukouresults in different impressions of their employing organizations, and thathukoustatus changes the strengths of the relationship between HRM and employees' perceived fairness in their organizations.Research limitations/implications– The use of the single data source is more likely to result in common method variance which may bias the strength of the relationships that this study proposed. Moreover, this study contributes to the literature with regard to the moderating effects of personal demographic variables on the relationship between organizational policies and POJ, buthukouis the only personal variable examined and therefore the generalisation of the study's findings may be limited. Future research should examine the moderating effects of other personal factors.Originality/value– The moderating effect of personal demographic variables has been constantly examined in management and psychology research, but with a focus on employees' work attitudes and behaviour. For example, gender was found to moderate the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. The extent to which personal demographic variables might moderate the relationship between organizational policies and POJ has not hitherto been examined. This study fills this void.
Managing innovative work behavior: the role of human resource practices
Authors: Ma Prieto Isabel , Pilar Pérez-Santana Ma 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of high-involvement human resource practices in the innovative work behavior of employees, with the mediation of supportive work environment conditions.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses regression analysis to test the hypotheses in a sample of 198 Spanish firms.Findings– The results indicate that ability-enhancing and opportunity-enhancing human resource practices are positively related to innovative work behaviors with the mediation of two work environment variables: management support and coworkers support. This study discusses results and highlights limitations and future research directions.Originality/value– Previous researchers have identified employees as important sources of innovation, but systemic empirical research has not been fully applied to examine the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and employees' innovative work behavior.
A vertebrate cytokine primer for eco‐immunologists
Authors: Zimmerman Laura M. , Bowden Rachel M. , Vogel Laura A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe field of eco‐immunology seeks to address the causes and consequences of natural variation in immune responses. Recently, the development of more immunological resources for nonmodel systems along with the growing availability of genomic data has made it feasible to explore more complex immunological differences in nonmodel systems.Cytokines are small molecular weight proteins that are the major signalling molecules of the immune system. Studies in mice and humans have demonstrated the importance of tightly regulated cytokine signalling, and thus, cytokines may play a major, unexplored role in explaining natural variation in immune responses.In this review, we highlight cytokines that are likely to be important for eco‐immunology studies and what is currently known about their presence or absence in the major vertebrate groups. We also explore what types of questions an eco‐immunologist might ask involving cytokines and discuss potential ways to measure cytokines in nonmodel systems.Inclusion of cytokines in eco‐immunology will advance the field as it will help us to better understand mechanisms behind both natural variation in immune responses and how different taxa respond to immune challenges.
A test of the umbrella species approach in restored floodplain ponds
Authors: Branton Margaret A. , Richardson John S. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

The umbrella species approach, where conservation actions targeted for one or a group of species should benefit the broader community, may provide an effective framework to guide habitat restoration. This requires congruence in the response of umbrella and co‐occurring species to environmental stress and recovery, and the identification of potential mechanisms by which co‐occurring species benefit from conservation of an umbrella species.

Past evaluations of this approach have considered only the presence/absence of umbrella species. In addition to the presence/absence, we quantified abundance and biomass of both umbrella and co‐occurring species to support a more quantitative evaluation of species co‐occurrence. Floodplain ponds are restored in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest to benefit coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, a presumptive umbrella species. To test its effectiveness as an umbrella species, we assessed the relationships between species richness, abundance and biomass of aquatic vertebrates, including vertebrates of conservation concern (‘listed’), and benthic invertebrates and the abundance and biomass of juvenile coho. We used ordination to evaluate relationships between species' abundance and biomass and environmental attributes.

Positive relationships were identified between coho abundance and biomass and species richness, abundance and biomass of fish and listed species. These relationships were negative for benthic invertebrates. Listed species were located close to coho in ordinations, suggesting they respond to similar environmental features while benthic invertebrates clustered away from coho.

Synthesis and applications. We found that where our umbrella species coho is most productive, so are other listed species and fish in general, a relationship that would not have been evident had evaluated species richness alone. We also reported strong relationships between some environmental features manipulated in the habitat restoration and the presence and productivity of coho and co‐occurring species. Our study demonstrates the umbrella species approach has potential to guide habitat restoration when there is congruence in the response of umbrella and co‐occurring species to environmental attributes that can be manipulated in the restoration. Where this is possible, one can use restoration designed for one or several umbrella species and successfully restore habitats that are viable for other species, including listed species.
The location of origin of spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery dissection is adjacent to the skull base
Authors: Downer Jonathon , Nadarajah Mahendra , Briggs Eliza , Wrigley Peter , McAuliffe William 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe traditional view is that spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection (CAD) extends cranially from an intimal tear located just beyond the carotid bulb. This paper demonstrates that CAD originates in and primarily involves a more distal segment of the artery.MethodsA retrospective study of 54 dissected ICAs in 50 consecutive patients with spontaneous or traumatic CAD was undertaken. The site of the dissection, presence of ICA redundancy, rate of acute or delayed ischaemic stroke and vessel remodelling were determined.ResultsOf the 51 dissections that occurred spontaneously or after indirect trauma, 25/51 (49.0%) were solely in the distal third of the artery, and 49/51 (96.1%) involved the distal two‐thirds. Only 2/51 (3.9%) originated in the proximal third. ICA redundancy was seen in 27/36 (75%) of patients with spontaneous CAD, compared with only 1/11 (9.1%) of those with CAD due to indirect trauma (P = 0.0002). Acute stroke occurred in 10/12 (83.3%) of patients with ICA occlusion secondary to CAD and in 14/38 (36.8%) with non‐occlusive CAD (P = 0.0074). Where follow‐up was available, only 2/32 (6.3%) patients had a stroke after diagnosis, and 19/33 (57.6%) ICAs recanalised or remodelled.ConclusionCAD occurring spontaneously or due to indirect trauma most frequently involves the distal extracranial ICA. Spontaneous CAD is associated with vessel redundancy, and the risk of acute stroke is greatest with occlusive CAD. The prognosis is good with treatment, with a low rate of recurrent stroke and a high rate of vessel remodelling.
The effects of doxapram on medullary respiratory neurones in brainstem–spinal cord preparations from newborn rats
Authors: Osaka Y. , Onimaru H. , Kotani S. , Kashiwagi M. , Morisaki H. , Takeda J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDoxapram is the only dedicated respiratory stimulant used to aid recovery of breathing after major surgery. Doxapram acts on peripheral chemoreceptors and although the central action of doxapram has been suggested, its detailed neuronal mechanism is unknown. We assessed doxapram‐induced changes in spontaneous cervical nerve (C4) inspiratory activity and the firing of action potentials in pre‐inspiratory and inspiratory neurones in the medulla. Experiments were performed in neonatal rat brainstem–spinal cord preparations, which can produce respiratory rhythm for several hours under in vitro conditions. Doxapram application (for 15 min) increased the frequency and amplitude of C4 activity dose‐dependently. Doxapram induced changes in the electrophysiological properties of pre‐inspiratory and inspiratory neurones. Our results suggest that respiratory activity enhancement was likely to be induced via effects on the potassium channels of pre‐inspiratory and inspiratory neurones and indicate the central actions of doxapram.
Adult learners' intention to adopt mobile learning: A motivational perspective
Authors: Hashim Kamarul Faizal , Tan Felix B. , Rashid Ammar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMobile learning (m‐learning) is gaining popularity as the “anytime, anywhere” online learning channel. Academics and practitioners alike are showing interest in examining its ability to support online learning. However, prior studies have highlighted the challenges in promoting m‐learning adoption. The extant m‐learning literature has mainly focused on technology‐related factors to examine m‐learning adoption. However, few studies have investigated this topic from the users' motivation perspective and even fewer from an adult learner context. Hence, this study employs the uses and gratification theory to provide a better understanding of what motivates m‐learning adoption in adult learners. The research findings suggest that adult learners' intention to use m‐learning is influenced by their cognitive, affective and social needs through attitude. This paper concludes by noting the theoretical and practical contributions.
The impact of age and CYP2C9 and VKORC1 variants on stable warfarin dose in the paediatric population
Authors: Vear Susan I. , Ayers Gregory D. , Van Driest Sara L. , Sidonio Robert F. , Stein Charles Michael , Ho Richard H. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe influence of genetic variation on warfarin dose requirement is limited for paediatric patients. We performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional study to examine the effect of variant CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on warfarin dose in 100 children. Those with VKORC1 genotype AA required 48% of the dose of homozygous wild‐type (GG, P < 0·0001). Patients with any variant CYP2C9 allele required 71% of the dose for wild‐type (P = 0·001). The effect of variant VKORC1 alleles tended to vary with age, suggesting developmental ontogeny may influence warfarin sensitivity. Age, CYP2C9 genotype, VKORC1 genotype and age:VKORC1 interaction accounted for 53% of warfarin dose variability.
Relations Between False Belief Understanding and Executive Function in Early Childhood: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Devine Rory T. , Hughes Claire 
Published: March 2014

The association between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) has been hotly debated for 20 years. Competing accounts focus on: task demands, conceptual overlap, or functional ties. Findings from this meta‐analytic review of 102 studies (representing 9,994 participants aged 3–6 years) indicate that the moderate association between EF and one key aspect of ToM, false belief understanding (FBU) is: (a) similar for children from different cultures, (b) largely consistent across distinct EF tasks, but varies across different types of false belief task, and (c) is asymmetric in that early individual differences in EF predict later variation in FBU but not vice versa. These findings support a hybrid emergence‐expression account and highlight new directions for research.
Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is related to the severity of anovulation and other clinical features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis I. , Kandaraki Eleni , Christakou Charikleia , Karachalios Athansios , Marinakis Evangelos , Paterakis Thomas , Diamanti‐Kandarakis Evanthia 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe clinical phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) includes reproductive and hormonal aberrations. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an indicator which could connect hyperandrogenism and anovulation. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between VAI, menstrual disorders and hormonal, biochemical and ultrasound parameters in women with PCOS.PatientsOne hundred and ninety‐three women with PCOS diagnosed with Rotterdam criteria.MeasurementsWe correlated VAI with metabolic and clinical features of the syndrome and with indices of inflammation and insulin sensitivity. In addition, we classified the patients into four groups according to the severity of menstrual disorders: Group A (n = 42), with severe menstrual disorders, Group B (n = 83), with mild menstrual disorders, Group C (n = 58), without menstrual disorders and Group D (n = 10) with women with sychnominorroia.ResultsIn women with PCOS studied, VAI significantly positively correlated with body weight, fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score, white blood cells, platelets, uric acid, free testosterone, oestradiol, total cholesterol, γ‐GT, SGPT. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation between VAI and SHBG, Matsuda index and menstrual cycles per year was documented. From the comparison of the four groups, PCOS women with menstrual disorders had significantly higher VAI and HOMA indices when compared to PCOS without menstrual disorders.ConclusionsVisceral adiposity index is increased in patients with PCOS in concordance with the severity of anovulation, insulin resistance and inflammation. This index could be a very easy and helpful clinical tool in daily practice to predict insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
Update on the efficacy of statin treatment in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Rosa Gian Marco , Carbone Federico , Parodi Antonello , Massimelli Elena A. , Brunelli Claudio , Mach François , Vuilleumier Nicola , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of atherosclerosis might involve coronary plaque rupture/erosion, thrombus formation and vessel lumen occlusion, clinically recognized as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). International guidelines strongly recommend early statin administration in patients admitted for ACS. In addition to lowering circulating levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), statin treatment was shown to promote plaque stabilization or regression in several ways, including reduction in necrotic lipid core, anti‐inflammatory effects and improvement in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to summarize clinical evidence on the role of statins in secondary prevention of ACS.Materials and methodsThis narrative review is based on the material found on medline and pubmed up to August 2013. We looked for the terms ‘statin, acute coronary syndromes’ in combination with ‘atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, pathophysiology’.ResultsThis review article emphasizes the relevance of the timing of statin administration to improve the outcomes after ACS. Early and continuous statin administration has emerged as key features to prevent adverse events, especially in patients admitted for ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical trials matching the improved clinical outcome with the imaging of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization/regression, further supporting the effectiveness of statin therapy. However, the achievement of these goals requires high dose of statins, thus increasing the risk of adverse events.ConclusionsAlthough clinical trials and meta‐analyses have provided conflicting results, it is likely that in clinical practice, the rate of adverse events is higher, so that many concerns still remain about a statin high‐dose approach in ACS patients.
Mechanisms of species‐sorting: effect of habitat occupancy on aphids' host plant selection
Authors: MEHRPARVAR MOHSEN , MANSOURI SEYED MOZAFFAR , WEISSER WOLFGANG W. 
Published: March 2014

Interspecific interactions such as competition are important factors affecting insect herbivore fitness. Host choice in herbivorous insects including aphids has largely been studied with respect to host plant condition, while the role of competition is also very important.
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) hosts three specialised aphids, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria (Kaltenbach), Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan and Uroleucon tanaceti (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In this study, a set of greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to investigate whether aphid host plant choice was affected by the presence of the other aphid species.
When winged individuals were given the choice between unoccupied plants and plants occupied by the same or another aphid species, choices generally reflected the outcome of competitive interactions among aphids.
Colonisation of plants by winged individuals was influenced not only by the presence of other aphids on the host plant but also by previous infestation. The host choice of winged individuals basically reflected competitive hierarchies, i.e. aphids in most cases selected plants where future competition was less likely. By contrast, unwinged aphids did not show any host plant preference. For M. tanacetaria previously infested plants promoted the production of winged offspring.
Our results show that competitive interactions could affect host selection behaviour by aphids. In a metacommunity context, such preferences in colonising different habitats leads to species‐sorting through habitat heterogeneity.
Cell types and coincident synapses in the ellipsoid body of Drosophila
Authors: Martín‐Peña Alfonso , Acebes Angel , Rodríguez José‐Rodrigo , Chevalier Valerie , Casas‐Tinto Sergio , Triphan Tilman , Strauss Roland , Ferrús Alberto 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCellular ultrastructures for signal integration are unknown in any nervous system. The ellipsoid body (EB) of the Drosophila brain is thought to control locomotion upon integration of various modalities of sensory signals with the animal internal status. However, the expected excitatory and inhibitory input convergence that virtually all brain centres exhibit is not yet described in the EB. Based on the EB expression domains of genetic constructs from the choline acetyl transferase (Cha), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes, we identified a new set of neurons with the characteristic ring‐shaped morphology (R neurons) which are presumably cholinergic, in addition to the existing GABA‐expressing neurons. The R1 morphological subtype is represented in the Cha‐ and TH‐expressing classes. In addition, using transmission electron microscopy, we identified a novel type of synapse in the EB, which exhibits the precise array of two independent active zones over the same postsynaptic dendritic domain, that we named ‘agora’. This array is compatible with a coincidence detector role, and represents ~8% of all EB synapses in Drosophila. Presumably excitatory R neurons contribute to coincident synapses. Functional silencing of EB neurons by driving genetically tetanus toxin expression either reduces walking speed or alters movement orientation depending on the targeted R neuron subset, thus revealing functional specialisations in the EB for locomotion control.
Seizure semiology and EEG findings in mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Chevallier Justyna A. , Von Allmen Gretchen K. , Koenig Mary Kay 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveSeizures constitute a frequent yet under‐described manifestation of mitochondrial disorders (MDs). The aim of this study was to describe electroencephalography (EEG) findings and clinical seizure types in a population of children and adults with mitochondrial disease.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 165 records of children and adults with mitochondrial disease seen in the University of Texas Houston Mitochondrial Center between 2007 and 2012 was performed; all subjects were diagnosed with confirmed mitochondrial disease. EEG findings and clinical data, including seizure semiology and response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), were analyzed and categorized.ResultsSixty‐six percent (109/165) of subjects had a routine EEG performed. Sixty‐one percent (67/109) of EEG studies were abnormal and 85% (56/67) had epileptiform discharges. The most common EEG finding was generalized slowing (40/67, 60%). The most frequent category of epileptiform activity seen was multifocal discharges (41%), followed by focal (39%) and generalized (39%) discharges. Clinical seizures were seen in 55% of subjects and the most common types of seizures observed were complex partial (37%) and generalized tonic–clonic (GTC; 37%). The most common seizure type in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) was GTC (33%), with generalized or focal discharges seen on EEG. In Leigh syndrome GTC (11%) and complex partial (11%) seizures were the most frequent types. Of 60 subjects with clinical seizures, 28% were intractable to medical treatment.SignificanceMitochondrial disorder should be included in the list of differential diagnosis in any child that presents with encephalopathy, seizures, and a fluctuating clinical course. Given the relatively high prevalence of EEG abnormalities in patients with MD, EEG should be performed during initial evaluation in all patients with MD, not only upon clinical suspicion of epilepsy.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.