bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splenic vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction in a febrile dog infected with Bartonella henselae
Authors: Friedenberg Steven G. , Balakrishnan Nandhakumar , Guillaumin Julien , Cooper Edward S. , Lewis Kristin , Russell Duncan S. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical course and successful management of a febrile dog with polyarthritis, splenic vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction that was infected with Bartonella henselae.Case SummaryAn 8‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service for evaluation of limping, fever, vomiting, and malaise of 4 days’ duration. Physical examination abnormalities included generalized weakness, diminished conscious proprioception, bilateral temporalis muscle atrophy, and diarrhea. Peripheral lymph nodes were normal, and there were no signs of abdominal organomegaly, joint effusion, or spinal pain. Abdominal ultrasound identified a nonocclusive splenic vein thrombus. Fine‐needle aspirates of the spleen revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation, mild reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, and mild extramedullary hematopoiesis. Splenic histopathology found marked, multifocal to coalescing acute coagulation necrosis (splenic infarctions) and fibrinoid necrotizing vasculitis. Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from the splenic tissue. The dog responded favorably to antimicrobials and was healthy at the time of follow‐up evaluation.New and Unique Information ProvidedBartonella henselae is an incompletely characterized emerging canine pathogen. This case report establishes a potential role for this bacterium as a cause of vasculitis and thromboembolism, which have not been previously reported in association with B. henselae infection in dogs.
The Response to and Recovery From Maximum-Strength and -Power Training in Elite Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Howatson Glyn , Brandon Raphael , Hunter Angus M. 
Published: August 2015

There is a great deal of research on the responses to resistance training; however, information on the responses to strength and power training conducted by elite strength and power athletes is sparse.Purpose:To establish the acute and 24-h neuromuscular and kinematic responses to Olympic-style barbell strength and power exercise in elite athletes.Methods:Ten elite track and field athletes completed a series of 3 back-squat exercises each consisting of 4 × 5 repetitions. These were done as either strength or power sessions on separate days. Surface electromyography (sEMG), bar velocity, and knee angle were monitored throughout these exercises and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), jump height, central activation ratio (CAR), and lactate were measured pre, post, and 24 h thereafter.Results:Repetition duration, impulse, and total work were greater (P < .01) during strength sessions, with mean power being greater (P < .01) after the power sessions. Lactate increased (P < .01) after strength but not power sessions. sEMG increased (P < .01) across sets for both sessions, with the strength session increasing at a faster rate (P < .01) and with greater activation (P < .01) by the end of the final set. MVC declined (P < .01) after the strength and not the power session, which remained suppressed (P < .05) 24 h later, whereas CAR and jump height remained unchanged.Conclusion:A greater neuromuscular and metabolic demand after the strength and not power session is evident in elite athletes, which impaired maximal-force production for up to 24 h. This is an important consideration for planning concurrent athlete training.
Monitoring Training Adaptation With a Submaximal Running Test Under Field Conditions
Authors: Vesterinen Ville , Nummela Ari , Äyrämö Sami , Laine Tanja , Hynynen Esa , Mikkola Jussi , Häkkinen Keijo 
Published: August 2015

Regular monitoring of adaptation to training is important for optimizing training load and recovery, which is the main factor in successful training.Purpose:To investigate the usefulness of a novel submaximal running test (SRT) in field conditions in predicting and tracking changes of endurance performance.Methods:Thirty-five endurance-trained men and women (age 20–55 y) completed the 18-wk endurance-training program. A maximal incremental running test was performed at weeks 0, 9, and 18 for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and running speed (RS) at exhaustion (RSpeak) and lactate thresholds (LTs). In addition, the subjects performed weekly a 3-stage SRT including a postexercise heart-rate-recovery (HRR) measurement. The subjects were retrospectively grouped into 4 clusters according to changes in SRT results.Results:Large correlations (r = .60–.89) were observed between RS during all stages of SRT and all endurance-performance variables (VO2max, RSpeak, RS at LT2, and RS at LT1). HRR correlated only with VO2max (r = .46). Large relationships were also found between changes in RS during 80% and 90% HRmax stages of SRT and a change of RSpeak (r = .57, r = .79). In addition, the cluster analysis revealed the different trends in RS during 80% and 90% stages during the training between the clusters, which showed different improvements in VO2max and RSpeak.Conclusions:The current SRT showed great potential as a practical tool for regular monitoring of individual adaptation to endurance training without time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests.
Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain
Authors: Chhabra Rajesh , Forrester Anne , Lemiere Stephane , Awad Faez , Chantrey Julian , Ganapathy Kannan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe objectives of the present study were to assess the mucosal, cellular, and humoral immune responses induced by two different infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccination regimes and their efficacy against challenge by a variant IBV Q1. One-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated with live H120 alone (group I) or in combination with CR88 (group II). The two groups were again vaccinated with CR88 at 14 days of age (doa). One group was kept as the control (group III). A significant increase in lachrymal IgA levels was observed at 4 doa and then peaked at 14 doa in the vaccinated groups. The IgA levels in group II were significantly higher than those in group I from 14 doa. Using immunohistochemistry to examine changes in the number of CD4+and CD8+cells in the trachea, it was found that overall patterns of CD8+cells were dominant compared to those of CD4+cells in the two vaccinated groups. CD8+cells were significantly higher in group II than those in group I at 21 and 28 doa. All groups were challenged oculonasally with a virulent Q1 strain at 28 doa, and their protection was assessed. The two vaccinated groups gave excellent ciliary protection against Q1, although group II's histopathology lesion scores and viral RNA loads in the trachea and kidney showed greater levels of protection than those in group I. These results suggest that greater protection is achieved from the combined vaccination of H120 and CR88 of 1-day-old chicks, followed by CR88 at 14 doa.
Diffuse Lepromatous Leprosy Due to Mycobacterium lepromatosis in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Han Xiang Y. , Quintanilla Marco 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

A 43-year-old woman of Mayan origin from Quintana Roo, Mexico, was diagnosed with diffuse lepromatous leprosy. The etiologic bacillus was determined to be
Mycobacterium lepromatosis
instead of
Mycobacterium leprae
. This case likely represents the first report of this leprosy form and its agent in the southeastern tip of Mexico.
Acupuncture for Pain Control after Caesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Hesse Thomas , Henkel Berthold , Zygmunt Marek , Mustea Alexander , Usichenko Taras I 
Published: August 2015

Objective Options for pharmacological analgesia in patients who have undergone Caesarean section (CS) are often restricted. Acupuncture is a promising tool for treating postoperative pain. We aimed to study the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture as an additional method of analgesia in CS patients in a prospective observational pilot investigation. Methods Twenty-two patients scheduled for elective CS under spinal anaesthesia were enrolled according to set inclusion criteria. Each patient received auricular and body acupuncture with 20 indwelling fixed needles according to previously validated protocols of acupuncture for postoperative analgesia. Pain intensity on an 11-point verbal rating scale (VRS-11, where 0=no pain and 10=maximal pain), analgesia-related side effects, time to mobilisation and Foley catheter removal after CS, and patients’ compliance and satisfaction with treatment of pain on a 5-point VRS (VRS-5, where 1=excellent; 5=bad) were recorded. Results Twenty patients were included in the final analysis. One patient was disturbed by paraesthesia at the site of needling. All other patients tolerated acupuncture well. Pain intensity on movement on the first postoperative day was 4.3±2.4 (mean±SD; VRS-11) and decreased to 2.2±1.2 on the day of discharge. Patient satisfaction was 1.9±0.8 (mean±SD; VRS-5) and compliance (rated by their nurses) was 1.5±0.5 (mean±SD; VRS-5). Conclusions Acupuncture for additional analgesia after CS was well accepted. The primary outcome measurement was feasible and allowed the sample size to be calculated for a future randomised controlled trial.
Honorary authorship in postgraduate medical training
Authors: Rajasekaran Sathish , Lo Alto , Aly Abdel-Rahman , Ashworth Nigel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine whether postgraduate medical trainees are exposed to honorary authorship, whether they are aware of the topic and if they believe that further support and education concerning this issue is needed.

Methods
Postgraduate medical trainees were contacted by email with a link to our questionnaire on two occasions (2 and 26 February 2014) and then contacted in person (June–November 2014). The questionnaire topics included demographics, authorship practice beliefs and experience, and authorship policy-related questions. We also determined the proportion of perceived, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)-defined and unperceived honorary authorship in the respondent group.

Results
The response rate was 27.7%. The prevalence of perceived, ICMJE-defined and unperceived honorary authorship was 38.1%, 57.3% and 24.2%, respectively; 90.1% were unaware of the ICMJE authorship criteria, 92.6% were unaware of a support system for authorship disputes, but 91.8% believed such a system should be implemented and 93.3% believed medical trainees and faculty should be instructed on authorship guidelines.

Conclusions
A paradigm shift from the current system is needed, where enforcement of ethical authorship practices is shifted away from journal editors. Instruction on the topic should be provided to medical trainees throughout medical school and continued during further training. A process should also be outlined to resolve authorship disputes. These measures may encourage researchers to have an open discussion on the topic prior to the commencement of a research project, and to resolve authorship conflicts in a constructive manner. We also hope this paper encourages further work on the topic.
Generalized Gaussian processes and relations with random matrices and positive definite functions on permutation groups
Authors: Bożejko Marek , Bożejko Wojciech 
Published: August 2015

The main purpose of this paper is an explicit construction of generalized Gaussian process with function tb(V) = bH(V), where H(V) = n - h(V), h(V) is the number of singletons in a pair-partition V ∈ 𝒫2(2n). This gives another proof of Theorem of A. Buchholtz15 that tb is positive definite function on the set of all pair-partitions. Here there are some new combinatorial formulas presented. Connections with free additive convolutions probability measure on ℝ are also done. There are new positive definite functions on permutations presented. What is more, it is proven that the function H is norm (on the group S(∞) = ⋃S(n)).
Proactively Breaking Large Pages to Improve Memory Overcommitment Performance in VMware ESXi
Authors: Guo Fei , Kim Seongbeom , Baskakov Yury , Banerjee Ishan 
Published: August 2015

VMware ESXi leverages hardware support for MMU virtualization available in modern Intel/AMD CPUs. To optimize address translation performance when running on such CPUs, ESXi preferably uses host large pages (2MB in x86-64 systems) to back VM's guest memory. While using host large pages provides best performance when host has sufficient free memory, it increases host memory pressure and effectively defeats page sharing. Hence, the host is more likely to hit the point where ESXi has to reclaim VM memory through much more expensive techniques such as ballooning or host swapping. As a result, using host large pages may significantly hurt consolidation ratio.
To deal with this problem, we propose a new host large page management policy that allows to: a) identify 'cold' large pages and break them even when host has plenty of free memory; b) break all large pages proactively when host free memory becomes scarce, but before the host starts ballooning or swapping; c) reclaim the small pages within the broken large pages through page sharing. With the new policy, the shareable small pages can be shared much earlier and the amount of memory that needs to be ballooned or swapped can be largely reduced when host memory pressure is high. We also propose an algorithm to dynamically adjust the page sharing rate when proactively breaking large pages using a VM large page shareability estimator for higher efficiency.
Experimental results show that the proposed large page management policy can improve the performance of various workloads up to 2.1x by significantly reducing the amount of ballooned or swapped memory when host memory pressure is high. Applications still fully benefit from host large pages when memory pressure is low.
A-DRM
Authors: Wang Hui , Isci Canturk , Subramanian Lavanya , Choi Jongmoo , Qian Depei , Mutlu Onur 
Published: August 2015

Virtualization technologies has been widely adopted by large-scale cloud computing platforms. These virtualized systems employ distributed resource management (DRM) to achieve high resource utilization and energy savings by dynamically migrating and consolidating virtual machines. DRM schemes usually use operating-system-level metrics, such as CPU utilization, memory capacity demand and I/O utilization, to detect and balance resource contention. However, they are oblivious to microarchitecture-level resource interference (e.g., memory bandwidth contention between different VMs running on a host), which is currently not exposed to the operating system.
We observe that the lack of visibility into microarchitecture-level resource interference significantly impacts the performance of virtualized systems. Motivated by this observation, we propose a novel architecture-aware DRM scheme (ADRM), that takes into account microarchitecture-level resource interference when making migration decisions in a virtualized cluster. ADRM makes use of three core techniques: 1) a profiler to monitor the microarchitecture-level resource usage behavior online for each physical host, 2) a memory bandwidth interference model to assess the interference degree among virtual machines on a host, and 3) a cost-benefit analysis to determine a candidate virtual machine and a host for migration.
Real system experiments on thirty randomly selected combinations of applications from the CPU2006, PARSEC, STREAM, NAS Parallel Benchmark suites in a four-host virtualized cluster show that ADRM can improve performance by up to 26.55%, with an average of 9.67%, compared to traditional DRM schemes that lack visibility into microarchitecture-level resource utilization and contention.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer–Specific Survival
Authors: Szulkin Robert , Karlsson Robert , Whitington Thomas , Aly Markus , Gronberg Henrik , Eeles Rosalind A. , Easton Douglas F. , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Al Olama Ali Amin , Benlloch Sara , Muir Kenneth , Giles Graham G. , Southey Melissa C. , FitzGerald Liesel M. , Henderson Brian E. , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Sipeky Csilla , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. , Neal David E. , Donovan Jenny L. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Pashayan Nora , Khaw Kay-Tee , Stanford Janet L. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Schaid Daniel J. , Maier Christiane , Vogel Walther , Luedeke Manuel , Herkommer Kathleen , Kibel Adam S. , Cybulski Cezary , Lubiński Jan , Kluźniak Wojciech , Cannon-Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , Herrmann Volker , Holleczek Bernd , Park Jong Y. , Sellers Thomas A. , Lim Hui-Yi , Slavov Chavdar , Kaneva Radka P. , Mitev Vanio I. , Spurdle Amanda , Teixeira Manuel R. , Paulo Paula , Maia Sofia , Pandha Hardev , Michael Agnieszka , Kierzek Andrzej ,   on behalf of the PRACTICAL consortium, Batra Jyotsna , Clements Judith A. ,   on behalf of the Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, Albanes Demetrius , Andriole Gerald L. , Berndt Sonja I. , Chanock Stephen , Gapstur Susan M. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Hunter David J. , Kraft Peter , Le Marchand Loic , Ma Jing , Mondul Alison M. , Penney Kathryn L. , Stampfer Meir J. , Stevens Victoria L. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas H. , Tjønneland Anne , Cox David G. ,   on behalf of the BPC3 consortium, Maehle Lovise , Schleutker Johanna , Lindström Sara , Wiklund Fredrik 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Unnecessary intervention and overtreatment of indolent disease are common challenges in clinical management of prostate cancer. Improved tools to distinguish lethal from indolent disease are critical.
Methods: We performed a genome-wide survival analysis of cause-specific death in 24,023 prostate cancer patients (3,513 disease-specific deaths) from the PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. Top findings were assessed for replication in a Norwegian cohort (CONOR).
Results: We observed no significant association between genetic variants and prostate cancer survival.
Conclusions: Common genetic variants with large impact on prostate cancer survival were not observed in this study.
Impact: Future studies should be designed for identification of rare variants with large effect sizes or common variants with small effect sizes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1796–800. ©2015 AACR.
Copy Number Changes Are Associated with Response to Treatment with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Sorafenib in Melanoma
Authors: Wilson Melissa A. , Zhao Fengmin , Khare Sanika , Roszik Jason , Woodman Scott E. , D'Andrea Kurt , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Rimm David L. , Kirkwood John M. , Kluger Harriet M. , Schuchter Lynn M. , Lee Sandra J. , Flaherty Keith T. , Nathanson Katherine L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Copy number alterations have been shown to be involved in melanoma pathogenesis. The randomized phase III clinical trial E2603: carboplatin, paclitaxel, ± sorafenib (CP vs. CPS) offers a large collection of tumor samples to evaluate association of somatic mutations, genomic alterations, and clinical outcomes, prior to current FDA-approved therapies.
Experimental Design: Copy number and mutational analysis on 119 pretreatment samples was performed.
Results: CPS therapy was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with CP in patients with tumors with RAF1 (cRAF) gene copy gains (HR, 0.372; P = 0.025) or CCND1 gene copy gains (HR, 0.45; P = 0.035). CPS therapy was associated with improved overall survival (OS) compared with CP in patients with tumors with KRAS gene copy gains (HR, 0.25; P = 0.035). BRAF gene copy gain and MET amplification were more common in samples with V600K versus V600E mutations (P &lt; 0.001), which was validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset.
Conclusions: We observed improved treatment response with CPS in patients with melanoma whose tumors have RAF1 (cRAF), KRAS, or CCND1 amplification, all of which can be attributed to sorafenib targeting CRAF. These genomic alterations should be incorporated in future studies for evaluation as biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 374–82. ©2015 AACR.
PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation
Authors: Joseph Richard W. , Millis Sherri Z. , Carballido Estrella M. , Bryant David , Gatalica Zoran , Reddy Sandeep , Bryce Alan H. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Stanton Melissa L. , Castle Erik P. , Ho Thai H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that target the programmed death-1 (PD-1)–programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis have antitumor activity against multiple cancers. The presence of sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with resistance to targeted therapy and poor responses to IL2 immunotherapy. Given the aggressive nature of RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation and the exclusion of sarcomatoid histology from metastatic RCC clinical trials, less is understood regarding selection of therapies. Here, we characterized the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. We directly compared two PD-L1 antibodies and found concordance of PD-L1 positivity in 89% of tested RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation. Coexpression of PD-L1 on neoplastic cells and the presence of PD-1–positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were identified in 50% (13 of 26) of RCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation. In contrast, only 1 of 29 clear cell RCCs (3%) had concurrent expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 (P = 0.002). Our study suggests that RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation may express PD-1/PD-L1 at a higher percentage than RCC without sarcomatoid differentiation, and patients with these tumors may be good candidates for treatment with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1303–7. ©2015 AACR.
Cyclic GMP in Vascular Relaxation
Authors: Krawutschke Christian , Koesling Doris , Russwurm Michael 
Published: August 2015

Objective—
In the vascular system, cyclic GMP (cGMP) in smooth muscle cells plays an important role for blood vessel relaxation. Intracellular concentrations of cGMP are thought to be determined by the action of cGMP-generating guanylyl cyclases (sensitive to nitric oxide or natriuretic peptides) and cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterases (PDE1, PDE3, and PDE5). Because functionally relevant cGMP elevations are not accessible to conventional methods, we applied real-time imaging with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cGMP indicator to follow nitric oxide– and natriuretic peptide–induced cGMP signals in living smooth muscle cells and analyzed the contribution of the miscellaneous cGMP-generating and cGMP-degrading enzymes.

Approach and Results—
By comparison of cGMP signals in living smooth muscle cells and vascular relaxation of aortic strips in organ bath experiments, we show for the first time that FRET-based cGMP indicators permit the measurement of functionally relevant cGMP signals. PDE5 was the major cGMP phosphodiesterase responsible for reducing nitric oxide– and natriuretic peptide–induced cGMP signals. In contrast, PDE3—involved in the degradation of lower cGMP concentrations—displayed a preference for natriuretic peptide–stimulated cGMP. Unexpectedly, we found that cGMP is transported out of the cells by the ABC transporter multidrug resistance–associated protein 4 and this export turned out to be of similar importance for intracellular cGMP signals as degradation by PDE5. Functionally, inhibition of cGMP export enhanced vascular relaxation as much as inhibition of PDE5.

Conclusions—
The findings indicate that cGMP export out of smooth muscle cells is a key player in the regulation of smooth muscle cGMP signals and blood vessel relaxation.