bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Risk Estimation Expertise
Authors: Petushek Erich J. , Cokely Edward T. , Ward Paul , Durocher John J. , Wallace Sean J. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Available methods for screening anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk are effective but limited in application as they generally rely on expensive and time-consuming biomechanical movement analysis. A potentially efficient alternative to biomechanical screening is skilled movement analysis via visual inspection (ie, having experts estimate injury risk factors based on observations of athletes’ movements). Purpose: To develop a brief, valid psychometric assessment of ACL injury risk factor estimation skill: the ACL Injury Risk Estimation Quiz (ACL-IQ). Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 660 individuals participated in various stages of the study, including athletes, physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, exercise science researchers/students, and members of the general public in the United States. The ACL-IQ was fully computerized and made available online ( www.ACL-IQ.org ). Item sampling/reduction, reliability analysis, cross-validation, and convergent/discriminant validity analyses were conducted to refine the efficiency and validity of the assessment. Results: Psychometric optimization techniques identified a short (mean time, 2 min 24 s), robust, 5-item assessment with high reliability (test-retest: r = 0.90) and high test sensitivity (average difference of exercise science professionals vs general population: Cohen d = 2). Exercise science professionals and individuals from the general population scored 74% and 53% correct, respectively. Convergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated. Scores on the ACL-IQ were best predicted by ACL knowledge and specific judgment strategies (ie, cue use) and were largely unrelated to domain-general spatial/decision-making ability, personality, or other demographic variables. Overall, 23% of the total sample (40% of exercise science professionals; 6% of general population) performed better than or equal to the ACL nomogram. Conclusion: This study presents the results of a systematic approach to assess individual differences in ACL injury risk factor estimation skill; the assessment approach is efficient (ie, it can be completed in <3 min) and psychometrically robust. The results provide evidence that some individuals have the ability to visually estimate ACL injury risk factors more accurately than other instrument-based ACL risk estimation methods (ie, ACL nomogram). The ACL-IQ provides the foundation for assessing the efficacy of observational ACL injury risk factor assessment (ie, does simple skilled visual inspection reduce ACL injuries?). The ACL-IQ can also be used to increase our understanding of the perceptual-cognitive mechanisms underlying injury risk assessment expertise, which can be leveraged to accelerate learning and improve performance.
KoldKraft Pakistan: An Entrepreneurial Journey
Authors: Qureshi Shahid , Aftab Ebraheem 
Published: May 2015

The case describes the entrepreneurial journey of Tariq Siraj. He is a mechanical engineering graduate from UET Lahore and started his entrepreneurial journey right after his graduation. The sequence of events enabled him to discover his entrepreneurial mindset. The case starts with the opportunity recognition, evaluation and refinement process followed by the resource acquisition process for the new start-up. The case discusses the various influencers who helped Tariq to plunge into an entrepreneurial journey. This case is well suited to apply the Opportunity + People + Resources = Fit (Timmons model) to the case analysis. KoldKraft continued growth by diversifying its product and services portfolio and taking the business to wherever there was need for cooling and refrigeration solutions. The current economic circumstances however, left the business quite stagnant. The case further discusses the management dilemmas being faced by Tariq. This case adds value towards the entrepreneurship literature in Pakistan as it describes the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities in the much ignored agriculture sector of the country. The use of technology to add value in the agriculture business in a creative and resourceful manner is a key lesson of the case.
Functional outcomes and recanalization rates of stent retrievers in acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grech Reuben , Mizzi Adrian , Pullicino Richard , Thornton John , Downer Jonathan 
Published: May 2015

Background and purpose Intra-arterial therapy for acute ischaemic stroke has evolved rapidly in the last few years. Stent retrievers have now replaced ‘first-generation’ devices, which have been the principle devices tested in stroke trials. Our aims were to determine the rates of successful recanalization and functional independence in acute stroke patients treated with stent retrievers. We also sought to assess the safety outcomes of stent retrievers by assessing the rates of mortality and intra-cranial haemorrhage. Materials and methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which utilized stent retrievers as sole treatment or as part of a multi-modal approach in acute ischaemic stroke. Results We identified 20 eligible studies: 17 on Solitaire (ev3/Covidien, Irvine, California, USA) ( n = 762) and three on Trevo (Stryker, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA) ( n = 210). The mean age of participants was 66.8 (range 62.1–73.0) years and the M:F ratio was 1.1:1. The average stroke severity score (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)) at presentation was 17.2. The weighted mean symptom onset to arterial puncture and procedural duration were 265.4 minutes and 54.8 minutes, respectively. Successful recanalization was achieved in 84.5% of patients with a weighted mean of 2.0 stent retriever passes. Independent functional outcome was achieved in 51.2% and the mortality rate was 16.8%. Conclusion Stent retrievers have the potential to achieve a high rate of recanalization and functional independence whilst being relatively safe. They should be assessed in well-designed randomized controlled trials to determine their efficacy and assess whether they compare favourably with ‘standard treatment’ in stroke.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Steensma David P. , Bejar Rafael , Jaiswal Siddhartha , Lindsley R. Coleman , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Recent genetic analyses of large populations have revealed that somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells leading to clonal expansion are commonly acquired during human aging. Clonally restricted hematopoiesis is associated with an increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of myeloid or lymphoid neoplasia and increased all-cause mortality. Although myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are defined by cytopenias, dysplastic morphology of blood and marrow cells, and clonal hematopoiesis, most individuals who acquire clonal hematopoiesis during aging will never develop MDS. Therefore, acquisition of somatic mutations that drive clonal expansion in the absence of cytopenias and dysplastic hematopoiesis can be considered clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), analogous to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, which are precursor states for hematologic neoplasms but are usually benign and do not progress. Because mutations are frequently observed in healthy older persons, detection of an MDS-associated somatic mutation in a cytopenic patient without other evidence of MDS may cause diagnostic uncertainty. Here we discuss the nature and prevalence of CHIP, distinction of this state from MDS, and current areas of uncertainty regarding diagnostic criteria for myeloid malignancies.
Associations between toe grip strength and hallux valgus, toe curl ability, and foot arch height in Japanese adults aged 20 to 79 years: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Uritani Daisuke , Fukumoto Takahiko , Matsumoto Daisuke , Shima Masayuki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, although foot structure is inferred to affect TGS. This study investigated the associations between TGS and hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl ability, and foot arch height (FAH).MethodsThis study analysed 227, 20 to 79‐year‐old, community‐dwelling participants. TGS, HVA formed by the first metatarsal bone and the proximal phalanx of the hallux, toe curl ability (percentage) calculated as (foot length–flexed foot length)/foot length, and FAH (percentage) calculated as navicular height/truncated foot length were measured. To elucidate associations between TGS and foot structure, a correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses were performed, based on the participant's sex. Pearson's correlation coefficients for TGS with age, height, weight, HVA, toe curl ability, and FAH were also calculated. In the stepwise, multivariate linear regression analyses, the independent variable was TGS and the dependent variables were those that significantly correlated with TGS, as shown by the Pearson's correlation coefficients. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsAccording to the Pearson's correlation coefficients, in men, TGS was significantly correlated with age, height, toe curl ability, and FAH. According to the stepwise multiple regression analysis, TGS correlated with age and toe curl ability (adjusted R2=0.22). In women, TGS was significantly correlated with age, height, and toe curl ability (adjusted R2=0.40).ConclusionsTGS was associated with toe curl ability in both men and women. However, TGS was not associated with HVA and FAH in men or women. The results of this study may lead to the development of effective interventions to improve TGS. However, factors other than structure of the foot require more detailed investigation to clarify the factors contributing to TGS.
Cognitive screening among acute respiratory failure survivors: a cross-sectional evaluation of the Mini-Mental State Examination
Authors: Pfoh Elizabeth R , Chan Kitty S , Dinglas Victor D , Girard Timothy D , Jackson James C , Morris Peter E , Hough Catherine L , Mendez-Tellez Pedro A , Ely E Wesley , Huang Minxuan , Needham Dale M , Hopkins Ramona O ,   with the NIH NHLBI ARDS Network
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a common cognitive screening test, but its utility in identifying impairments in survivors of acute respiratory failure is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MMSE performance versus a concurrently administered detailed neuropsychological test battery in survivors of acute respiratory failure.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis used data from the ARDSNet Long Term Outcomes Study (ALTOS) and Awakening and Breathing Controlled Trial (ABC). Participants were 242 survivors of acute respiratory failure. The MMSE and detailed neuropsychological tests were administered at 6 and 12 months post-hospital discharge for the ALTOS study, and at hospital discharge, 3 and 12 months for the ABC study. Overall cognitive impairment identified by the MMSE (score <24) was compared to impairments identified by the neuropsychological tests. We also matched orientation, registration, attention, memory and language domains on the MMSE to the corresponding neuropsychological test. Pairwise correlations, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and agreement were assessed.

Results
Agreement between MMSE and neuropsychological tests for overall cognitive impairment was fair (42 to 80%). Specificity was excellent (≥93%), but sensitivity was poor (19 to 37%). Correlations between MMSE domains and corresponding neuropsychological tests were weak to moderate (6 months: r = 0.11 to 0.28; 12 months: r = 0.09 to 0.34). The highest correlation between the MMSE and neuropsychological domains was for attention at 6 months (r = 0.28) and language at 12 months (r = 0.34).

Conclusions
In acute respiratory failure survivors, the MMSE has poor sensitivity in detecting cognitive impairment compared with concurrently administered detailed neuropsychological tests. MMSE results in this population should be interpreted with caution.
Insights in agricultural practices and management systems linked to microbiological contamination of lettuce in conventional production systems in Southern Brazil
Authors: Bartz Sabrina , Hessel Claudia Titze , Rodrigues Rochele de Quadros , Possamai Anelise , Perini Fabiana Oliveira , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Uyttendaele Mieke , Bender Renar João , Tondo Eduardo César 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Three conventional lettuce farms were evaluated in Southern Brazil using a standardized self-assessment questionnaire with 69 indicators and a microbiological sampling plan in order to assess the status of current agricultural practices and management systems. The use of both tools aimed to identify the foremost contamination sources and control measures during the crop production. A total of 128 samples were taken (manure, soil, water, workers’ hands and equipment, lettuce seedlings and lettuce heads) in four visits during the growth cycle of lettuces. Samples were analysed for hygiene indicators (E. coli) and presence of pathogens (Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157).

Results
Microbiological results indicated that E. coli counts were very low in all analysed samples and no pathogens were detected. These results could be explained partially because all farms had toilets near to the fields, they did not raise animals near the crops, fields were located in areas where flooding was not possible, they used organic fertilizers adequately composted, and irrigation water demonstrated good microbiological quality. The microbial results for manure and soil indicated that the composting time was of utmost importance to maintain minimal contamination levels for the duration of the cultivation period, as long as the quality of irrigation water was very important to prevent further contamination of the crop. On the other hand, the self-assessment questionnaire identified a moderate to high risk level concerning microbiological contamination in all evaluated farms, because they had no formal good agricultural practices implemented, technical support, water control, inspections, food safety registers or sampling plan for microbiological or chemical analyses.

Conclusion
These different results are important in order to provide information about the actual status of contamination (microbial sampling plan) and possible food safety problems in the future based on the results given by the questionnaire. Furthermore, the results of this study also highlighted the necessity to provide more safety during the fresh produce cultivation, being formal good agricultural practices implementation an important start to the fresh produce farms in Brazil, as well as to adopt a higher level of control activities in order to achieve lower risk levels.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder in young people
Authors: Williams Tim I. , Shafran Roz 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most debilitating psychiatric conditions in young people. In DSM-5 it is no longer characterised as an anxiety disorder, but instead is part of a group of ‘obsessive–compulsive and related disorders'. In the past 10 years, cognitive—behavioural therapy (CBT) has become well established as the first-choice treatment. This article explains some of the elements of CBT and describes new directions in research which might improve interventions.
Immune abnormalities across psychiatric disorders: clinical relevance
Authors: Mondelli Valeria , Dazzan Paola , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIt is well established that the immune system can modulate brain functioning and influence behavioural processes. Awareness of communication between the immune and nervous systems has, over the years, progressively heightened interest in the relationship between psychiatric disorders and immune function. By reviewing findings from studies investigating inflammation in the periphery and in the central nervous systems, we summarise here the evidence linking inflammation to the development of depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We discuss how a pathophysiological role for inflammation has now been recognised across different psychiatric disorders, at least in a significant subpopulation of patients. Finally, we discuss a possible role for these findings in the development of future diagnostic classifications of psychiatric disorders as well as of new treatment strategies.
The use of internet-mediated cross-sectional studies in mental health research
Authors: Pitman Alexandra , Osborn David P. J. , King Michael B. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis article summarises internet-mediated approaches to conducting quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional mental health research, and describes aspects of research design to consider for optimising scientific rigour and validity as well as response. Rapid adoption of internet-mediated approaches risks compromising the quality of the methods used. Not only can it cause distress to participants, but methodological problems may lead to inappropriate inferences being made from research findings. In this article the advantages of using internet communication for research purposes are balanced against the disadvantages, using examples of recent internet-mediated research (IMR) studies to illustrate good practice.
The role of attachment in medically unexplained symptoms and long-term illness
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Guthrie Elspeth 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn this article, we explore the role of attachment in the development of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and response to physical illness. We review the evidence that attachment insecurity is common in people with different forms of MUS and certain long-term physical conditions. We discuss a possible developmental model for understanding how MUS develop. We conclude with discussion of potential therapies and implications for services.
Quetiapine immediate release v. placebo for schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis and reappraisal
Authors: Hutton Paul , Taylor Peter J. , Mulligan Lee , Tully Sarah , Moncrieff Joanna 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundImmediate-release (IR) quetiapine has been used to treat schizophrenia since 1997, although all the principal placebo-controlled trials have >50% missing outcome data. New studies with relatively lower rates of participant withdrawal have since been published.AimsTo assess the efficacy and adverse effects of quetiapine IR for schizophrenia, with consideration of outcome quality and clinical meaningfulness of results, and to examine the potential impact of missing data on the main efficacy findings.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing quetiapine IR and placebo (or subtherapeutic dose in relapse prevention trials) for the treatment of schizophrenia (PROSPERO registration CRD4201100165). Primary outcomes were change in overall symptoms and response rates. We also examined whether high rates of participant withdrawal (⩾50%) attenuated effect sizes, and assessed the impact of making different assumptions about these people's outcomes.ResultsWe identified 15 relevant trials (including 2 unpublished), providing the first 12-week data for this drug and the first data on self-reported quality of life. We found quetiapine IR to have a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 6.5 points (95% CI −8.9 to −4) on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores, which corresponds to a standardised mean difference (SMD) of −0.33 (95% CI −0.46 to −0.21). Longer trials reported larger mean differences favouring quetiapine IR, but the overall estimate was smaller if more conservative assumptions about the outcomes of people who left the trial early were made. Approximately 21 people needed to take quetiapine IR for 1 person to experience at least a 50% improvement in PANSS score. No difference in quality of life was observed (two RCTs), although small to moderate improvements in social functioning were found (three RCTs). Quetiapine IR caused sedation and increased rates of clinically significant weight gain, but no extrapyramidal effects were observed.ConclusionsQuetiapine IR has a small beneficial effect on overall psychotic symptoms over 2–12 weeks, but also leads to weight gain and sedation.
Diagnostic neglect: The potential impact of losing a separate axis for personality disorder
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Mulder Roger , Tyrer Peter 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBoth major classifications in psychiatry have now moved away from the multi-axial nosological model. This is clinically understandable as the specific categorical diagnoses, other than borderline personality disorder and personality disorder ‘NOS' (not otherwise specified) were so seldom used and empirical evidence would not support the polythetic categorical system. As a consequence, those with personality disorders, frequently referred to as Axis II disorders, now have to compete with all other mental disorders for clinical attention.
NICE CG178 Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults: Treatment and Management – an evidence-based guideline?
Authors: Taylor Mark , Perera Udayanga 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline (CG)178 was published in 2014. NICE guidelines occupy an important international position. We argue that CG178 overemphasises the use of cognitive–behavioural therapy for schizophrenia and those ‘at risk’ of psychosis, with recommendations that do not always reflect the evidence base. The CG178 recommendations on medications are limited.
Religious Authority, Gendered Recognition, and Instrumentalization of Nusrat Amin in Life and After Death
Authors: Rutner Maryam 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article sheds light on the most influential woman religious scholar in twentieth-century Iran, Nusrat Amin (1886–1983). Contemporaneous prominent men religious scholars recognized Amin’s religious authority and expertise in Islamic sciences despite her gender. Amin’s influence was nevertheless circumscribed to some degree by gendered resistance among male ulema and a system of granting religious authority and positions that advantaged men scholars. Amin has elicited renewed interest in Iran since the 1990s, although this attention is selective. It highlights and reproduces Amin as a modern pious role model for Iranian women, a conservative in her viewpoints on gender relations, and an advocate of the veil. This selective attention worked to recuperate the traditional gender viewpoints of the Islamic Republic while facilitating demands to expand religious education opportunities for women. Primary sources include major Persian-language biographies that have appeared in Iran over the last thirty years and research from two fieldwork trips.