bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Antibody to M Protein of Measles Virus in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Comparative Study on Immunoprecipitation
Authors: Ohara Yoshiro , Tashiro Masato , Takase Sadao , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConsistent results have not been obtained yet on the presence of antibody to the M protein of measles virus in the sera of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). We performed a comparative study on various immunoprecipitation systems which appeared in the literature and found that the difference in the composition of the solubilizing buffer produced a large variety of results on the immunoprecipitation. [35S]Methionine‐labeled Vero cells infected with the Edmonston strain of measles virus were solubilized by 10 different buffers and reacted with hyperimmune rabbit serum to whole virus, monospecific antisera to H, NP, and M proteins of the virus, normal adults' sera, and the sera from 16 SSPE patients. The immune complex was absorbed by protein A and both solubilization and precipitation rates were compared with each viral protein. Although viral proteins were solubilized by all buffers, the solubilization rate varied considerably. M protein was solubilized and was not coprecipitated nonspecifically with any of the other viral proteins. Purified protein A conjugated to Sepharose was preferable to Staphylococcus aureus for absorption of the immune complex since the latter absorbed both viral and host proteins nonspecifically. The precipitation rates of the viral proteins also varied according to the buffers. Better solubilization of the viral proteins seemed to reduce their rate of precipitation for which the presence of SDS may be responsible, and the presence of the protease inhibitors may also affect the results of immunoprecipitation. Detection of M protein in the immunoprecipitates was largely influenced by the kind of buffer used: some buffers could detect it clearly, but others could not defect it at all. Among the solubilizing buffers tested, Saleh's buffer (Virology 93: 369–376 (1979)), which contains 0.5% DOC and 0.5% Triton X‐100, was most reliable for detection of the anti‐M antibody in the rabbit serum, because it showed a high solubilization and high precipitation rates of viral proteins without nonspecific absorption by protein A or coprecipitation of M proteins with any of the other proteins. Using this buffer, we could definitely detect M proteins in the immunoprecipitates from the sera of all six healthy adults and 15 out of 16 patients with SSPE. It was found, however, that the amount of M proteins in SSPE patients was lower than that in healthy adults and varied considerably.
Mononuclear Phagocyte Colony Formation of Human Spleen Cells in Liquid Culture
Authors: Kojima Takashi , Ito Yohichi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Kamei Hideo , Kondo Tatsuhei , Nakashima Izumi , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe found that mononuclear phagocytes formed a distinct number of clusters and colonies on the bottom of a culture dish 7 days later but granulocytes did not, when a large number of human spleen cells were cultured in liquid medium. In all gastric cancer bearers and patients with portal hypertension operated on, however, colony formation was restricted to spleen cells from patients with advanced gastric cancer and from a group of patients with portal hypertension. These spleen cells formed mononuclear phagocyte colonies without the help of exogeneous colony stimulating factor (CSF). We further demonstrated that the colony‐forming cells were glass non‐adherent and nylon wool adherent, and that spontaneous colony formation required cooperation between the colony‐forming cells and colony‐stimulating cells adherent to a plastic surface.
Production of Macrophage Activating Factor by Human Leukemic T Cell Lines
Authors: Imai Katsuyuki , Suzuki Yukio , Harada Takayuki , Morikawa Shigeru , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman leukemic T cell lines were tested for their ability to produce a macrophage activating factor. When mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 48 hr in the presence of culture supernatants from cell lines HPB‐ALL, CCRF‐CEM, or MOLT‐4, glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate pathway was enhanced by five to seven fold. Culture supernatants from cell line HPB‐MLT stimulated the oxidation to a lesser extent. However, cell line CCRF‐HSB‐2 was essentially inactive as a producer. The active supernatants also stimulated the release of hydrogen peroxide from macrophages, whereas the inactive one did not. Since treatment of the cell lines with 12‐o‐tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or phytohemagglutinin had little effect on the production of the factor except HPB‐ALL, the cell lines seemed to secrete the factor constitutively. The stimulatory effect was dose‐dependent and evident at a concentration as low as a 1/80 dilution. The factor was resistant to heat treatment at 100 C for 20 min, nondialysable and sensitive to protease digestion. The activating factor could be partially purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies.
Relationship between β‐Lactamase Activity and Resistance to β‐Lactam Antibiotics in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Yabu Kunihiko , Kaneda Shunko , Oghiai Toshiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPenicillin‐susceptible mutants and β‐lactamase‐negative mutants were isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Both the mutants were found to be susceptible to low levels of penicillin and cephalosporins by twofold dilution testing. Clavulanic acid reduced the minimal inhibitory concentrations of β‐lactamase‐labile β‐lactams for the penicillin‐susceptible mutants and the parent strain, but had no effect on the susceptibility of the β‐lactamase‐negative mutants. Comparison of the β‐lactamase activities found in these mutants and the parent strain indicated that there was a rough correlation between the β‐lactamase level in these organisms and their susceptibility to β‐lactams.
Enhancement of Influenza Virus Hemolysis by Physical and Serological Treatments
Authors: Watanabe Yasuo , Tashiro Masato , Kitame Fumio , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mode of hemolysis by influenza A virus was compared with that of Sendai virus. The WSN strain of influenza virus grown in either eggs or MDCK cells expressed hardly any hemolytic activity by itself. Treatment of the MDCK cell‐grown WSN virus with sonication or freezing and thawing moderately enhanced the hemolytic activity, but the maximum level attainable was considerably lower than that of Sendai virus. A high level of hemolytic activity comparable to that of Sendai virus was obtained only after treatment of the virus with antibody and complement. An electron microscopic study revealed that non‐ or low‐hemolytic WSN virions were not permeable to uranyl acetate stain in contrast with the hemolytic virions obtained after treatment with antibody and complement, indicating that the hemolytic virions had sustained some injury to their envelopes. These phenomena were comparable to those found with Sendai virus, showing that damage to the envelope is also responsible for the hemolysis of influenza virus. The influenza viruses, however, remained spherical after every treatment and the stain did not penetrate into the core of the virion. These observations suggest that the envelope of influenza virus is more rigid than that of Sendai virus but that the hemolytic process of influenza virus is nevertheless mediated through envelope‐membrane fusion as in the case of Sendai virus (Y.K. Shimizu et al 1976. Virology 71: 48–60).
Epidemiological Studies on the Background of the Endemic Occurrence of Tsutsugamushi Disease in Toyama Prefecture
Authors: Ishikura Mitsuhiro , Watanabe Mamoru , Morita Osayuki , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to clarify the epidemiological background of the endemic occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, since 1978, comparative surveys have been carried out between endemic and nonendemic areas. Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Rt) was isolated at a rate of about 36% (158/439) from field rodents in the endemic area while it was not isolated from any of 280 in nonendemic areas. In all of six stations in the endemic area, a significantly high proportion of rodents were found to be Rt carriers. However, no Rt was isolated from rodents captured from July to September. The organism was isolated from rodents captured in the other months, especially in a high proportion in November when infestation of rodents with Leptotrombidium pallidum was at its peak. When the rodents were examined by indirect immunofluorescence staining, the rate of anti‐Rt antibody‐positive animals was about 55% (157/287) and about 17% (62/368) in endemic and nonendemic areas, respectively. Larvae of mites collected from the rodents were found to belong to four genera and 11 species. Among them L. pallidum was the only mite that had been known to be a vector of Rt. L. pallidum was found most frequently and in abundance from rodents in the endemic area, whereas it was present in very small numbers in rodents in nonendemic areas. The infestation of rodents with L. pallidum showed a seasonal variation, i.e. two peaks per year, in spring and autumn, and the number of mites detected was markedly greater in November than in spring. Rt was isolated from L. pallidum on rodents captured in the endemic area.
Distribution of the Level of Antibody to AIDS‐Associated Virus (LAV) in Sera from AIDS or AIDS Related Complex and Japanese Hemophiliacs Infected with AIDS‐Associated Virus
Authors: Tsuchie Hideaki , Kawatani Toshio , Nakayama Erika , Matsui Toshio , Kurimura Takashi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe level of antibody to AIDS‐associated virus (LAV) in sera from patients with AIDS or AIDS related diseases (AIDS related complex; ARC) and Japanese hemophiliacs was studied using indirect immunofluorescence. Titer of anti‐LAV antibody in sera from 89 patients with AIDS or ARC ranged between 10 and 40,960 (median: 1,280) and that of 83 Japanese hemophiliacs ranged from 20 to 20,480 (median: 640). The distribution of the level of anti‐LAV antibody in hemophiliacs was similar to that of patients with AIDS or ARC, and no correlation between the titer of antibody and the presence of symptoms of AIDS was observed. Our results suggested that hemophiliacs in Japan might have been infected with live LAV rather than been immunized with inactivated LAV by injection of factor VIII or IX concentrate, and more hemophiliacs in Japan might show symptoms of AIDS in the future as in the United States.
Synthesis and Deposition of Spore Coat Proteins during Sporulation of Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Imagawa Masayoshi , Oku Yuichi , El‐Belbasi Hussein I. , Teraoka Mie , Nishihara Tsutomu , Kondo Masaomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRabbit (anti‐spore coat protein) IgG was prepared by immunization with coat proteins extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol from isolated spore coats of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872. Coat proteins were detected from 3 hr after the end of exponential growth (t3) in the mother cell cytoplasmic fiaction by sandwich enzyme immunoassay using this antibody. The proteins in the forespore coat protein fraction increased from t3 and reached a plateau at t10. Immunoblot analysis for the coat proteins in sporulating cells revealed the sequential synthesis of various proteins in the mother cell cytoplasmic fraction and simultaneous deposition of the same proteins as in the forespore coat fraction. These results suggest that turnover of precursor proteins of the spore coat is very rapid if precursor proteins are produced and they are proteolytically processed to produce mature proteins. Specific antibody to the 48,000‐dalton protein, which is a major protein, did not cross‐react with any other major (36,000, 22,000, 19,500, and 17,500‐dalton) proteins. Specific antibody to the 22,000‐dalton protein did not cross‐react with the 48,000, 36,000, 19,500, 17,500, and 16,000‐dalton proteins, but did cross‐react with the 44,000, 25,000, and 12,000‐dalton proteins.
The Role of NK Cell Activity in Age‐Dependent Resistance of Mice to Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Hayashi Kozaburo , Eizuru Yoshito , Sato Shoichiro , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe resistance of mice to cell culture passaged murine cytomegalovirus (CC‐MCMV) infection developed with age. In parallel with this finding, augmentation of the splenic NK cell activity in older mice was always higher than that of younger mice. The splenic NK cell activity reached the maximum level at 6 day post infection (PI) in 2–4‐week‐old mice while in 6–8‐week‐old mice it peaked at 4 days PI. When the dose of CC‐MCMV was increased, the NK cell activity was potentiated accordingly. However, it was decreased on the infection with increased doses of the salivary gland passaged MCMV (SG‐MCMV).NK cells augmented by MCMV infection actually inhibited in vitro replication of MCMV when they were added to mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) monolayers infected with CC‐MCMV. Splenic and peritoneal macrophages inhibited in vitro replication of MCMV, but their activities were less potent than those of NK cells.
Active Substance of Histoplasma capsulatum that Inhibits Blastogenic Response of Lymphocytes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Jingu Shigeji , Iwata Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA substance inhibiting blast transformation of murine spleen lymphocytes stimulated with various mitogens, such as LPS, PHA, and PWM, was obtained from yeast‐form cells of Histoplasma capsulatum. This active substance was partially purified from the cell‐free extract by DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B column chromatography. As a result of this partial purification, the inhibitory activity was 1.26 μg/ml in terms of ID50. Materials from H. capsulatum also inhibited blast transformation of murine spleen lymphocytes stimulated with the antigen PPD as well as mitogens LPS, PHA, and PWM. However, the con A‐induced proliferative response was only slightly affected. A similar result was observed for the MLR. These inhibitory activities were abolished by heating at 70 C for 30 min. These results suggest that the heat‐labile active substance produced by H. capsulatum might directly affect the lymphocytes, leading to inhibition of their blast transformation.
Stability of the Hexagonal Lattice Structure Formed by an R‐Form Lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella: Decrease in the Stability by Electrodialysis and Recovery by Addition of the Magnesium
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Ito Hideo , Naito Setsuko , Kuno Tsuneharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe R‐form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella strain LEN‐111 (O3‐:K1‐) forms a hexagonal lattice structure with a lattice constant of 14 to 15 nm when it is precipitated by addition of two volumes of 10 mM MgCl2‐ethanol. When the LPS was suspended in various buffers (50 mM) at pH 2 to 12 for 24 hr at 4 C, at pH 2 and 3 pits of the hexagonal lattice structure markedly disappeared, at pH 4 to 8.5 the lattice structure was stable, and at pH 9 to 12 it tended to loosen somewhat. The LPS from which cations were removed by electrodialysis retained the ability of hexagonal assembly, although the lattice constant of the hexagonal lattice of the electrodialyzed LPS was large. The lattice structure of the electrodialyzed LPS was much more labile than that of the non‐electrodialyzed LPS at alkaline pH levels and the former was completely disintegrated into ribbon‐like structures when the LPS was suspended in 50 mM Tris buffer at pH 7.7 or higher. However, the electrodialyzed LPS formed a hexagonal lattice structure in Tris buffer at pH 8.5 containing 0.1 to 100 mM MgCl2. The lattice constants of the hexagonal lattice formed by the electrodialyzed LPS at 10 or 100 mM MgCl2 were very similar to that of the lattice of the non‐electrodialyzed LPS. From these results it is concluded that the lability of the hexagonal lattice structure of the electrodialyzed LPS at alkaline conditions is due to removal of Mg2+ by electrodialysis.
Suppressive Effect of Ultraviolet‐B‐Irradiation of Epidermal Cells on the Induction of Contact Sensitivity
Authors: Tsuchida Tetsuo , Takemura Masahiko , Qian Ja‐Hua , Izumi Yutaka , Mizuochi Toshiaki , Maekawa Ryuji , Fujiwara Hiromi , Hamaoka Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractContact sensitivity to trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten was induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of TNP‐modified syngeneic spleen cells or epidermal cells (EC) (TNP‐EC). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of TNP‐EC resulted in a comparable response, whereas i.p. administration of TNP‐spleen cells or TNP‐modified‐ultraviolet (UV)‐preirradiated EC (TNP‐UV‐EC) failed to induce TNP‐contact sensitivity responses. The present study investigates the effect of UV‐irradiation on the potential of EC for inducing the contact sensitivity response. Exposure of BALB/c mouse EC in vitro to 1600 J/m2 of UV‐B before they were modified with TNP had no discernible effect on the Ia‐positivity and viability of EC. Coexistence of TNP‐UV‐EC had no inhibitory effect upon the contact sensitivity response induced by TNP‐EC via the i.p. route. The absence of suppressor cell generation was substantiated by the adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice administered TNP‐UV‐EC i.p. to normal syngeneic mice. The effect of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) or epidermal cell‐derived thymocyte‐activating factor (ETAF) in restoring the ability of TNP‐UV‐EC to induce contact sensitivity was examined. IL‐1 or ETAF administered along with TNP‐spleen cells i.p. induced a potent contact sensitivity response, whereas the same preparations of IL‐1 or ETAF were unable to restore the contact sensitivity induction by TNP‐UV‐EC. The results are discussed in the context of UV‐induced cell surface changes of the Langerhans cell population.
Biochemical Differentiation between Enterotoxigenic Heat‐Sensitive and Heat‐Resistant Clostridium perfringens Strains
Authors: Tórtora João C.O. , Pinheiro Márcia S. , Pitard Maria C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome biochemical characteristics of 37 enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from human feces, ground beef, and soil samples by heat‐selection methods and of two NCTC strains were studied. Two different biochemical patterns closely related to the heat resistance of the strains were found. The strains placed into group 1 were trehalose, inositol, and sorbitol negative and synthesized heat‐resistant spores, while those placed into group 2 were trehalose and inositol positive and synthesized heat‐sensitive spores. Sorbitol fermentation was variable among the strains of this last group. The strains of group 1 were more cellobiose, melibiose, and salicin fermentative than those of group 2. Only the strains placed into group 2 synthesized toxins of sufficient levels for typing. In spite of having been isolated by mild heat treatment of the specimens, two strains showed the same biochemical and toxigenic characteristics of the strains of group 1. The heating of these two strains did not modify their characteristics. We conclude that enterotoxigenic C. perfringens strains showing the two different toxigenic and biochemical patterns are present in the human gut, ground beef, and, probably, in soil. These strains may be differentiated on the basis of their capacity to produce acid from trehalose, inositol, and sorbitol, heat resistance of the spores and grade of toxigenicity. The heat‐selection methods used for isolation of C. perfringens strains from different sources exerted a selection of strains from one or another group, but had no influence on their toxigenic and biochemical properties.
Protection of Mice against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection by a Lactobacillus casei Preparation (LC 9018) in Combination with Inactivated Viral Antigen
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Saito Hajime 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeat‐killed Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) cells enhanced the resistance to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) in adult mice, but not significantly. The protection of mice against HSV‐1 infection and the production of neutralizing antibodies were significantly enhanced by the administration of LC 9018 in combination with inactivated HSV‐1 antigen. The optimal enhancement of resistance was seen in mice 14 days after the simultaneous administration of these substances. The resistance to HSV‐1 infection in mice could be transferred with peritoneal exudate cells from syngeneic mice previously treated with LC 9018 alone and LC 9018 in combination with inactivated HSV‐1 antigen or with thioglycollate broth, whereas the transfer of peritoneal exudate cells induced by thioglycollate broth alone and of spleen cells induced by LC 9018 in combination with thioglycollate broth or by thioglycollate broth alone was not effective. These results suggest that mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by the administration of LC 9018 in combination with inactivated HSV‐1 antigen may play an important role in host defense mechanisms against HSV‐1 infection.
The Production of a Cytotoxic Factor by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages and Macrophage Hybridomas Treated with Various Stimulating Agents
Authors: Takeda Yasuhisa , Higuchi Masahiro , Sugimoto Masamichi , Shimoda Olina , Woo Hee Jong , Shimada Shigetoshi , Osawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMurine peritoneal macrophages elicited with a streptococcal preparation, OK‐432, produced as much of a cytotoxic factor after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as BCG‐elicited macrophages did. Proteose peptone‐elicited macrophages produced a very small amount, if any, of the factor, and resident peritoneal macrophages did not release it at all even after LPS‐stimulation. A newly established macrophage hybridoma, D/O‐3.3, produced the factor after LPS‐stimulation, but another hybridoma, D/O‐3.2, did not. Experiments using these peritoneal macrophages and macrophage hybridomas demonstrated that macrophages can be divided into three subpopulations with regard to stages of activation for production of the cytotoxic factor. The first is fully activated macrophages which produce the factor after stimulation with LPS or MAF‐C alone, the second is partially activated macrophages which produce the factor only after stimulation with a combination of recombinant interferon‐γ (rlFN‐γ) and LPS or rIFN‐γ and macrophage activating factor for cytotoxicity (MAF‐C), and the third is nonactivated macrophages which cannot produce the factor at all.