bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Response and Crisis Communications
Authors: Sundar R. S. , Cooper Daniela Helfet , Hornish Michael , Laufer Alisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter addresses best practices in emergency response and crisis communication, with an emphasis on the need for procedures and policies, communications systems, networks of trained personnel, and emergency exercise execution and appraisal programs. Indian author R. S. Sundar considers the need for the operators of nuclear power plants to build trust and familiarity with local populations. He uses the challenges of public relations at the Kudankulam Power Plant (KPP) to illustrate his points. U.S. authors Daniela Cooper, Michael Hornish, and Alisa Laufer explain that the U.S. approach to nuclear emergencies stems from a common emergency response structure, the National Response Framework (NRF). They argue that a central challenge of emergency response is establishing who has the authority to request and approve appropriate assistance. They illustrate their points with discussions of the Three Mile Island and Fukushima Daiichi accidents.
Introduction
Authors: Krauß Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe introduction establishes the central research question: How have television professionals in Germany negotiated the so-called quality TV drama from 2015 to the present (2024)? The central hypothesis is that practitioners have adapted quality TV drama from the US into a national context and, through this concept, have dealt with recent broader transformations of television and the local television industry. The introduction places practitioners’ discourse on quality TV drama and its writing and storytelling in the context of recent television history in Germany. Subsequently, the introduction elucidates the book’s particular focus on screenwriting and situates it in the research fields of media industry studies and screenwriting research. In doing so, this chapter takes a closer look at television-specific media industry studies and discusses interfaces with cultural studies. Following its broad understanding of “culture”, the introduction elaborates on the concept of “production culture”, which is an important basis for the subsequent study of German television, as it looks at both economic and cultural aspects. The project’s specific geographical and temporal contexts are described in more detail and justified against the background of theories on transnational and “glocal” media. Finally, the introduction presents the book’s structure.
Drama Production in Networks: Starting Points, Methods and First Results
Authors: Krauß Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter explains the two concepts of “project network” and “screen idea work group”, which form a central basis for the investigation of Germany’s television practitioners. The methodology employed builds on these two models, especially because the study includes interviews conducted with members of such screenwriting and production networks. In addition to the expert interview method, that of participant observation is presented in more detail. Subsequently, this chapter discusses the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. Here, the project network and the screen idea work group (in addition to more fundamental considerations from media industry studies and production studies) once again represent an important basis of analysis. The final part of this chapter illustrates these models by discussing the role of commissioning editors. How are they involved in project-based screenwriting and production work? In what ways is their hybrid profession changing amid Germany’s diversified television landscape?
Contents and Forms of German TV Drama: Aesthetic and Narrative Styles and Criticisms
Authors: Krauß Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores how the television professionals discussed the state of German television fiction, including its contents and forms. The chapter first describes how the TV creators, on the basis of their estimations of quality TV, critically dealt with current television fiction from Germany. The comparison with production from other countries also played a role. The chapter’s second part looks more closely at the practitioners’ criticism of contemporary quality drama projects from Germany. Finally, the third part shows how the producers dealt with German television history in this engagement with quality TV fiction. Their statements not only revealed the impression of a “golden age” in the recent past, with very different and increased distribution and licencing opportunities; they also reflected on the numerous reasons why quality drama faced difficult conditions in gaining ground in German television. Here, the chapter indicates how production cultures historically evolved within institutions.
Quality TV and Its Production Cultures: Negotiations on Writing and Producing
Authors: Krauß Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter is fundamentally concerned with production cultures as a central object of the industry discourse on quality drama, and it focuses in particular on screenwriting. The practitioners considered this early phase to be a cornerstone of quality and discussed deficits in this regard. First, chapter 8 discusses the economic framework conditions of screenwriting. Subsequently, it elaborates on how producers negotiated the writers’ room and describes writers’ room practices in the German industry, including obstacles posed by its production cultures. The third part of the chapter focuses on practical and discursive approaches to the “showrunner”, the leader in the series production process who is responsible for both business and creativity and usually coordinates the writers’ room. The showrunner is a particular example of changes in series production in Germany and in discussions about hierarchies in script development. The fourth part looks more closely at the industry discourse regarding the agency of screenwriters. In addition to illuminating their traditional marginalisation, this final part investigates the often complicated relationship between director and writer.
Discrete Element Simulation Study of Multi-Layered Reinforced Geotextile Treatment of Karst Collapse
Authors: Wu Di , Wu Jian , Deng Lingyan , Wu Jianjian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of multi-layered reinforced geotextile to treat karst collapse can reduce the buried range of geotextiles, so as to achieve the purpose of saving project costs. In order to investigate the impact of varying layers of geotextile on the mitigation of collapses in karst regions, this study establishes a Discrete Element Particle Flow Code 2D (PFC2D) model for geotextile treatment with different layer configurations. The analysis in this research encompasses several critical aspects, including the top vertical settlement of soil, variations in tensile forces experienced by the first layer (bottom layer) of geotextile with changes in the position of the settlement plate, and the distribution of tensile forces across different horizontal positions within each layer of geotextile. The findings indicate the following trends: as the number of reinforced geotextile layers increases, there is an overall reduction in the vertical settlement of the soil. When employing multiple layers of geotextile, the first layer (bottom layer) experiences the highest tensile forces. Furthermore, as the number of reinforced geotextile layers increases, there is a general decrease in the tensile forces acting on the first layer (bottom layer).
Influence of Seepage Pressure Loading History on the Progressive Fracture Process of Concrete
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe historical data of seepage pressure and flow rate can be used to speculate to some extent the development process of concrete micro crack structures. Based on the dynamic propagation of cracks in concrete measured in triaxial seepage tests, an equation reflecting the relationship between the dynamic size of cracks and the seepage rate was established, and a practical method for predicting the propagation process of micro cracks in concrete was obtained by measuring the seepage water flow rate through experiments.
Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Piling on the Surrounding Soil
Authors: Ci Dongyue , Gu Chuanyao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn pile driving construction, the soil around the pile will produce vibration and compaction effects to destroy the safety and stability of the surrounding pipelines and buildings. To study the deformation of surrounding soil during piling, this paper adopts ABAQUS finite element analysis software to drive piles at the penetration rates of 7.5, 5, 2, 1 and 0.2 cm/s, respectively, to study the variation law of soil stress and displacement. The results show that the stress distribution below the pile tip is hemispherical, with a range of 6 times the pile diameter, and there is stress concentration at the pile tip. The soil deformation first produces downward compression deformation, then oblique extrusion, and finally vertical unloading under the action of pile side friction resistance. With the increase of the distance from the pile axis, the vertical displacement of the ground surface on the pile side gradually decreases and tends to be gentle at twice the pile diameter. With the increase in penetration rate, the vertical stress at the pile tip increases to a certain extent, but the change is not obvious. The conclusion above can provide some reference value for practical piling construction.
Study on the Influence of Burner Size on the Maximum Temperature Rise of Smoke Flow Induced by Double Tunnel Fires
Authors: Shu Youming , Meng Na , Zhang Shenghao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBased on FDS, numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the maximum temperature rise of smoke flow induced by double fires in a tunnel with natural ventilation. A full-scale model tunnel was established. The influence of 4 different sizes of double fire sources on the maximum temperature rise under the ceiling is studied when the distance between fire sources is 0 ~ 2 m. Results found that the maximum temperature rise decreases with the increase in burner separation distance and also decreases with the increasing burner size. Based on the model for the highest temperature for the ceiling-jet of one fire source, a new expression considering the burner size and the burner distance was put forward to predict the maximum temperature rise for double fire sources in tunnel fire, which can well correlate the numerical results.
Monitoring and Prediction of Settlement in Large Diameter Slurry Shield Tunnels in Water-Rich Sand Layers
Authors: Zhang Hongxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA major goal of the research is to find solutions to the problems caused by the unique geological features of the Large Diameter slurry shield as it tunnels through a water-rich sand stratum with sandy gravel layers. In order to improve the building process under comparable engineering conditions, the research intends to develop and test novel mud improvers as well as soil improvement methods. The investigation entails performing laboratory tests utilizing various compounds, such as xanthan gum, guar gum, and clay medium particulates, in conjunction with bentonite as the base mud. The researchers determined the optimal slurry preparation scheme by conducting tests which consists of 1% clay particles, 4% bentonite, 0.2% xanthan gum, and 0.04% soda ash. This combination is found to yield the best performance in enhancing the properties of the slurry used in tunneling, and the study concludes that xanthan gum is the most effective additive for improving slurry performance. The research provides guidance on the ideal ratio of new mud to be added to various soil types.
A New Bayesian Method for Dynamic System Identification Using FFT Data
Authors: Yang Jiahua , Meng En-Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDynamic system identification is an important field of research focused on identifying accurate system models of structures for predicting dynamic behaviors. This field finds widespread application in downstream research such as response prediction, structural failure and reliability analysis, and related areas of structural health monitoring. Conventional methods update structural finite element models (FEMs) using experimental modal parameters, because excitations are difficult to measure for full-scale structures and measured responses cannot be used as data in model updating. One challenge of conventional methods is thus that additional time is required for modal analysis, and by packing response data into modal parameters, original information in response data may be lost and cannot be used for model updating. Concerning this issue, this paper develops a dynamical system identification method to directly update an FEM using experimental fast Fourier transform (FFT) data following a Bayesian approach. The modeling of FFTs combing FEM and an efficient algorithm for processing the large amount of FFTs are not available for conventional methods. In this paper, the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the model parameters is derived assuming that FFTs at different frequency. instances follow independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian distributions under the long-data condition. One contribution of this work is that the sub-structure FEM analysis is integrated into the formulation of the posterior PDF to make the direct use of FFT data possible, and increase computational efficiency. The most probable values (MPVs) of the model parameters are obtained by maximizing the posterior PDF. By making use of the special mathematical structure of the posterior PDF, a novel algorithm that iterates among the model parameters is developed to efficiently search parameter space for the maximization. A numerical case has demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately identify the FEM of the target structure together with the unmeasured excitation parameters and damping ratios.
Cost containment analysis of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) injection in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Solís Odette , Addae Jamin , Sweeting Raeshell , Meszoely Ingrid , Grau Ana , Kauffmann Rondi , Kelley Mark , McCaffrey Rachel , Hewitt Kelly 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have established the safety and efficacy of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO, Magtrace®) for delayed sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who are undergoing mastectomy. The aim of our study was to measure cost containment with use of Magtrace® in comparison to upfront SLNB with traditional technetium-99 lymphatic tracer.

Methods
A total of 41 patients at our institution underwent mastectomy with Magtrace® injection for DCIS and were included in our single-institution, retrospective analysis. For comparison, total charges data were obtained for an upfront SLNB at the time of mastectomy. Cost comparison analysis was then performed against charges for intraoperative Magtrace® injection with additional charges incorporated for those patients who required return to the operating room for delayed SLNB. Total cost containment for the cohort with use of Magtrace® was then measured.

Results
Of the 41 patients who underwent Magtrace® injection, two patients required return to the operating room for a delayed SLNB for invasive disease. Including these charges for a second encounter into our cost analysis, the use of Magtrace® still yielded an overall cost containment of $205,793.55 in our cohort when comparing to patients who underwent upfront SLNB. For patients who underwent Magtrace® injection and did not require return to the operating room, charges were reduced by $6,768.52 per patient.

Conclusion
The use of Magtrace® for delayed SLNB in patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy yielded a significant overall cost containment, further supporting its use in this patient population.
Nature inspired optimization algorithms for medical image segmentation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Mohamed Gaber M. , Djenouri Youcef , Wazery Yaser M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImage segmentation is the process of splitting a digital image into distinct segments or categories based on shared characteristics like texture, color, and intensity. Its primary aim is to simplify the image for easier analysis while preserving its important features. Each pixel in the image is assigned a label, grouped together by pixels with similar traits together. Segmentation helps to delineate boundaries and identify objects such as curves or lines within the image. The process generates a series of segmented images that cover the entire original image. This article reviews emerging applications of image segmentation in medical diagnostics, specifically employing nature-inspired optimization algorithms (NIOAs). It begins by outlining different segmentation methods and NIOAs types, then by examining relevant databases and medical imaging technologies. The study draws on a diverse range of research sources. Finally, this paper briefly discusses the challenges and future trends of medical image segmentation using NIOAs to detect different diseases.
Debunking Deterministic Narratives of Technological Development Through Experimentation: A Critical Review of the Prehistory of Tin Bronze Alloying
Authors: Montes-Landa Julia , Timberlake Simon , Martinón-Torres Marcos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe currently accepted narrative on the prehistory of bronze alloying technology follows deterministic, outdated assumptions of technological progression that ignore the role of contextual and performance factors in the decision-making processes, thus neglecting human agency. In essence, it is expected that newer techniques were overarchingly more advanced than older ones and hence replaced them. The validity of this narrative should be challenged and revised. A critical analysis of worldwide literature exposed that, contrary to predictions of the accepted theory, (1) the oldest alloying techniques persisted for centuries after newer ones were invented, and (2) several techniques usually coexisted in the same contexts. We hypothesised that these counterintuitive findings could be explained by differences in performance between techniques, (dis)advantageous at different settings. To obtain empirical information on the performance of techniques and test for behaviourally relevant performance differences between them, a series of alloying experiments were conducted. The results show that all techniques can produce objects of broadly equivalent quality while offering different trade-offs during production. Therefore, every technique—or a combination—can be advantageous under certain conditions, and there are no grounds to support a linear trajectory of substitution. These results debunk the traditional narrative and predict that co-smelting and cementation techniques were more frequently practiced in the past than hitherto assumed. Our propositions prompt a readjustment of explanatory models of bronze production organisation, trade, and consumption while opening unexplored research paths for archaeology and the history of technology.
Next-generation Vision Inspection Systems: a pipeline from 3D model to ReCo file
Authors: Lupi Francesco , Freitas Nelson , Arvana Miguel , Rocha Andre Dionisio , Maffei Antonio , Barata José , Lanzetta Michele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes and implements a novel pipeline for the self-reconfiguration of a flexible, reconfigurable, CAD-based, and autonomous Vision Inspection System (VIS), expanding upon the modular framework theoretically outlined in (Lupi, F., Maffei, A., & Lanzetta, M. (2024). CAD-based Autonomous Vision Inspection Systems. Procedia Computer Science, 232, 2127–2136. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2024.02.033.). The pipeline automates the extraction and processing of inspection features manually incorporated by the designer into the Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3D model during the design stage, in accordance with Model Based Design (MBD) principles, which, in turn, facilitate virtuous approaches such as concurrent engineering and design for (Dfx), ultimately minimizing the time to market. The enriched CAD, containing inspection annotations (textual or dimensional) attached to geometrical entities, serving as the pipeline’s input, can be exported in a neutral file format, adhering to the Standard for Product Data Exchange (STEP) Application Protocol (AP)242, regardless of the modeling software used. The pipeline’s output is a Reconfiguration (ReCo) file, enabling the flexible hardware (e.g., robotic inspection cell) and software components of the VIS to be reconfigured via software (programmable). The main achievements of this work include: (i) demonstrating the feasibility of an end-to-end (i.e., CAD-to-ReCo file) pipeline that integrates the proposed software modules via Application Programming Interfaces (API)s, and (ii) formally defining the ReCo file. Experimental results from a demonstrative implementation enhance the clarity of the paper. The accuracy in defect detection achieved a 96% true positive rate and a 6% false positive rate, resulting in an overall accuracy of 94% and a precision of 88% across 72 quality inspection checks for six different inspection features of two product variants, each tested on six samples.
Detection of spatiotemporal changepoints: a generalised additive model approach
Authors: Hollaway Michael J. , Killick Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe detection of changepoints in spatio-temporal datasets has been receiving increased focus in recent years and is utilised in a wide range of fields. With temporal data observed at different spatial locations, the current approach is typically to use univariate changepoint methods in a marginal sense with the detected changepoint being representative of a single location only. We present a spatio-temporal changepoint method that utilises a generalised additive model (GAM) dependent on the 2D spatial location and the observation time to account for the underlying spatio-temporal process. We use the full likelihood of the GAM in conjunction with the pruned linear exact time (PELT) changepoint search algorithm to detect multiple changepoints across spatial locations in a computationally efficient manner. When compared to a univariate marginal approach our method is shown to perform more efficiently in simulation studies at detecting true changepoints and demonstrates less evidence of overfitting. Furthermore, as the approach explicitly models spatio-temporal dependencies between spatial locations, any changepoints detected are common across the locations. We demonstrate an application of the method to an air quality dataset covering the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.