bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
π‐Complexes of Phenylborazines with Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Muszkat K. A. , Kirson B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe π‐complexes formed by tetracyanoethylene with several phenylborazines were investigated by the spectrophotometric method. The charge transfer band frequencies were compared with those of the tetracyanoethylene complexes of hexamethylborazine and of appropriately substituted benzene derivatives. Steric and electronic effects on the frequencies are discussed.
Microheterometric Method for the Determination of Vanadium with 5,7‐Diiodo‐8‐Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Bobtelsky M. , Gancz M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA quick and precise method is given for the heterometric determination of 0.13‐0.2 mg vanadium in 20ml solution, with 5, 7‐diiodo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (diiodooxine). Large amounts of Ca, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Al, Pb, U, Zr do not Interfere with the determination of vanadium. The titration is carried out in 5–8 minutes and the maximum error is about 1%.
16‐Isopropylidene‐6‐Hydroxyequilenin Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Harnik M. , Danieli N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn unknown product previously obtained was now shown to have the structure (III) by hydrogenation and determination of the nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet and mass spectra. Final proof was obtained by an independent synthesis.
ω‐Alkyl‐ω‐Nitroacetophenones
Authors: Seter (Strumza) J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNitroketones of the formula Ar. CO. CHR. NO2 are best obtained by chromic acid oxidation of the easily accessible corresponding nitroalcohols. The nitroketones form stable salts with secondary amines.A series of ω‐nitro‐ω‐(2‐furfurylidene) ‐ acetophenones has been synthesized.The infrared spectra of the new compounds prepared have been determined and are discussed.
The Radiolytic Isomerization of Stilbene in Solid Systems
Authors: Fischer E. , Fischer Gabriella , Stein G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe γ‐ray induced trans → cis isomerization of stilbene was investigated in solutions in the frozen organic solvents benzene, toluene, naphthalene, dibenzyl, and cyclohexane, and compared with fluid solutions in the same solvents, at appropriate temperatures. In dilute (up to 10−3M) solutions in benzene isomerization takes place in the frozen system at a higher rate than in the corresponding fluid system, with the ratio between these rates increasing with decreasing stilbene concentration. These results indicate that energy transfer in frozen benzene, and to stilbene embedded in it, takes place by a more efficient mechanism than the diffusional one operative in fluid solutions. It is suggested that singlet or triplet excitons are responsible for energy transfer within the microcrystals of the frozen benzene, and to stilbene molecules situated in specific (possibly surface) sites. At stilbene concentrations in the range 5 × 10−5 to 10−1M G(trans → cis) in the frozen solutions is approximately constant (≃ 0.7), corresponding to G(excited stilbene) ≃ 1.4. This result is compatible with a mechanism involving efficient “harvesting” of all triplet benzene molecules in the solid under these conditions. Dilute solutions in toluene behave in a similar way, but no radiolytic isomerization takes place in solutions in solid naphthalene or dibenzyl, and also not in solid trans stilbene.
Particle Size and Optical Properties of Montmorillonite in Suspension
Authors: Banin A. , Lahav N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe light absorption spectra of monoionic montmorillonite suspensions with Li, Na, K, Rb, NH4, Cs, Mg, Ca and Ba as adsorbed ions were studied in the wavelength range 200–800 mμ. Theoretical analysis of the spectra showed that in the visible range, only scattering is responsible for light intensity attenuation. The scattering was found to depend on the type of adsorbed ion and to increase systematically along the series from Li to Ba. This was attributed to increased particle size of the clay caused by parallel plate condensation to form tactoids. A geometrical model of a montmorillonite tactoid was assumed. The general dependence of the properties of such tactoids, and of their suspensions, on the number of plates per tactoid was formulated. Using the measured values of light absorbance index, and the theoretical model, the relative sizes, measured by the number of plates per tactoid, in the different ionic forms were calculated. The relative sizes thus estimated were found to agree favorably with relative sizes calculated from negative adsorption surface area measurements.A typical peak of specific light absorption was observed at 240–245 mμ, for both the suspensions and their clay‐free supernatant solutions. Though the compound responsible for this peak is unidentified yet, its quantity in the various suspensions could be roughly estimated. The quantity was found to be negatively correlated with the relative size of the tactoid.It was concluded that the average particle size of montmorillonite in suspension markedly and systematically depends on the type of adsorbed ion. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Size and Shape of Montmorillonite Particles Saturated with Na/Ca Ions (Inferred from Viscosity and Optical Measurements)
Authors: Shainberg I. , Otoh H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe viscosity and light transmittance of montmorillonite suspensions saturated with Na+, Ca++ and known mixtures of these ions in the adsorbed phase were investigated. Introduction of a small fraction of Na+ (10% – 15%) into the exchange complex of Ca—clay, does not result in the breakdown of the tactoids. The breakdown of the tactoids occurred when the equivalent fraction of Na increased from 0.2 to 0.5. Montmorillonite clay saturated with 50% calcium (and less) exists as single platelets. Combining the structural data with an equilibrium equation based on the diffuse double layer theory indicates that when tactoids are formed, demixing occurred by which Na+ ions are concentrated on the external surfaces of the tactoids and Ca++ ions on the internal surfaces.
The Strength of the Hydrogen Bond in Long‐Chain Normal Aliphatic Amine Salts
Authors: Kertes A. S. , Gutmann H. , Levy O. , Markovits G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChloride, bromide, nitrate, perchlorate, bisulfate, tetrachloro‐ and tetra‐bromo ferrate salts of a number of normal long‐chain (eight or more carbon atoms per chain) aliphatic primary, secondary and tertiary amines were prepared in solid crystalline form and their infrared spectra recorded at 25°C as mulls in Nujol and as KBr pellets. Hydrogen bonding in all these salts was shown to exist by the shift of the N‐H stretching frequency. With a common proton donor the magnitude of Δ v was found to vary with the nature of the anion. A closely linear relationship between Δv and the ionic radii and the proton affinity of the anions has been observed. From this relationship the ionic radii of FeCl4− and FeBr4− have been estimated. The chain length has apparently no effect on the hydrogen bond strength, contrary to the effect reported for low molecular weight (four or less carbon atoms per chain) amine salts.
Aristolochic Acid‐I in the Swallowtail ButterflyPachlioptera Aristolochiae(Fabr.) (Papilionidae)
Authors: Euw J. V. , Reichstein T. , Rothschild Miriam 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe isolation of aristolochic acid‐I from Pachlioptera aristolochiae (Fabr.) is described. About 0.1 mg is present in each butterfly. The larvae feed exlusively on plants of the family Aristolochiaceae and presumably ingest the acid which is stored and carried through the pupal stage to the adult insect.
Sorption of Aniline by Montmorillonite
Authors: Yariv S. , Heller Lisa , Sofer Z. , Bodenheimer W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSorption of aniline by montmorillonite was studied by infra‐red, X‐ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods. The amount of aniline sorbed and the type of bonding depend upon the interlayer cations: anilinium, H+‐ and Al3+‐ give anilinium aniline ions, NH44‐ammonium aniline ions, alkalis and alkaline earths except Cs are bonded to aniline through water bridges and transition metal cations are coordinated to aniline partly directly and partly through water bridges. Sorption does not occur in the complete absence of water.
Raman Spectra of 5d Transition Metal Hexafluorides in the Vapor State
Authors: Claassen H. H. , Selig H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRaman spectra of WF6, ReFe, OsF6, IrF6 and PtF6 have been obtained in the gaseous state with laser excitation. Except for OsF6, frequencies of the three fundamentals of each hexafluoride agree with those obtained either from Raman spectra of liquids or derived from infrared combination bands. A few overtones have been observed for the first time. Some of the subtle features predicted for OsF6 and ReF6 and attributed to dynamic Jahn‐Teller coupling seem to be much weaker than previously supposed.
Co‐Precipitation of Divalent Cations with KCl or NaCl and the Heterogeneous Nuclei Mechanism of Growth
Authors: Glasner A. , Skurnik‐Sarig S. , Zidon M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPotassium chloride and sodium chloride were recrystallized in fractions. Crystallization was effected either by cooling a saturated solution or by isothermal evaporation at reduced pressure. In both cases the active cations (Pb2+or Cd2+) in the co‐precipitate can be replaced by non‐active cations or anions in consequent fractions of the salt crystallized. The phenomenon is attributed to heterogeneous nucleation; the active cations readily form impurity centred nuclei as soon as supersaturation is produced in the solution. The non‐active ions are slow to nucleate. Co‐precipitation is the result of crystal growth by impurity centred macro‐nuclei.
Homogeneous Sulfonation of Styrene‐Divinylbenzene Copolymers with Oleum in Organic Solvents
Authors: Freeman D. H. , Goldstein S. , Schmuckler Gabriella 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to obtain homogeneously sulfonated cation exchangers, the copolymers were sulfonated by oleum in a mixture of methylene‐chloride and nitromethane. The influences of the chemical interaction and of the diffusion process on the kinetic behavior of these systems were investigated, and it was shown that raising the temperature of the sulfonation mixture markedly increases the chemical reaction rate, while the effect on the diffusion is small. A curve‐fitting technique was used for the interpretation of the degree‐of‐sulfonation‐vs.‐time curves. These investigations served as guidelines for the subsequent preparation of homogeneous highly sulfonated copolymers.
Synthetic Peptides Related to Horse Heart Cytochrome C II. Peptides Corresponding to Positions 50–56
Authors: Wolman Y. , Ladkany D. , Frankel M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynthesis is described of a series of peptide derivatives which corresponds to positions 50–56 in the primary structure of horse heart Cytochrome C. The preparation of the protected heptapeptide: t‐butyl t‐butyloxycarbonyl‐β‐benzyl‐L‐aspartyl‐L‐analyl‐L‐asparaginyl‐ϵ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐L‐asparaginyl‐ϵ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysylglycinate is described.
Pulsed dye laser and intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of recalcitrant cutaneous warts
Authors: Dobson Joelle S. , Harland Christopher C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundViral warts are a common ailment. Clinicians often combine multiple treatments to boost efficacy. One such novel combination is pulsed dye laser with bleomycin intralesionally (PDL + BI), described for the successful treatment of single hand warts.ObjectiveTo evaluate PDL + BI for the treatment of poor prognosis hand and foot warts.Study Design/Patients and MethodsThis 4‐year retrospective case series examined the efficacy of PDL + BI used consecutively on patients whose warts were treated with this modality alone. PDL 595 nm was used in stacking mode to achieve hemorrhagic blistering prior to intralesional bleomycin (1 mg/ml normal saline).ResultsTwenty cases (65% male, age 13–62, mean age 42) were identified. Two (10%) were immunocompromised. Twenty five percent of warts affected hands, 55% feet, 20% both. Thirty five percent were solitary >1 cm2, 40% were multiple or mosaic verucae. The mean duration was 5.1 years (0.5–15). Seventy five percent received local anesthetic. Mean number of treatments was two. Post‐operative pain varied from none to severe, sometimes causing difficulty in walking. Blistering and crusting disappeared after 17 days (range 7–42). Outcome had a mean follow‐up of 24 months (3–53) with 60% complete response, 15% partial, 25% no response. Mean satisfaction level was 7 (range 0–10, 10 highest). Outcome was better with local anesthetic (complete response 75%) as it permitted more aggressive treatment. Patients that had both anesthetic and repeat treatment sessions experienced 92% complete response.ConclusionPDL + BI offers a novel method for treatment of recalcitrant warts, but local anesthetic and repeat treatments are recommended. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:112–116, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetization transfer in lamellar liquid crystals
Authors: Malyarenko Dariya I. , Zimmermann Ellen M. , Adler Jeremy , Swanson Scott D. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) parameters and the molecular composition of a model lamellar liquid crystal (LLC) system composed of 1‐decyl alcohol (decanol), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and water.MethodsSamples were made within a stable lamellar mesophase to provide different ratios of total semisolid protons (SDS + decanol) to water protons. Data were collected as a function of radiofrequency power, frequency offset, and temperature. qMT parameters were estimated by fitting a standard model to the data. Fitting results of four different semisolid line shapes were compared.ResultsA super‐Lorentzian line shape for the semisolid component provided the best fit. The estimated amount of semisolids was proportional to the ratio of decanol‐to‐water protons. Other qMT parameters exhibited nonlinear dependence on sample composition. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was a linear function of the semisolid fraction over a limited range of decanol concentration.ConclusionIn LLC samples, MT between semisolid and water originates from intramolecular nOe among decanol aliphatic chain protons followed by proton exchange between decanol hydroxyl and water. Exchange kinetics is influenced by SDS, although SDS protons do not participate in MT. These studies provide clinically relevant range of semisolid fraction proportional to detected MTR. Magn Reson Med 72:1427–1434, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase‐based manganese enhanced MRI, a new methodology to enhance brain cytoarchitectural contrast and study manganese uptake
Authors: Maddage Rajika , Marques José P. , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: November 2013

PurposeAs the magnetic susceptibility induced frequency shift increases linearly with magnetic field strength, the present work evaluates manganese as a phase imaging contrast agent and investigates the dose dependence of brain enhancement in comparison to T1‐weighted imaging after intravenous administration of MnCl2.MethodsExperiments were carried out on 12 Sprague‐Dawley rats. MnCl2 was infused intravenously with the following doses: 25, 75, 125 mg/kg (n=4). Phase, T1‐weighted images and T1 maps were acquired before and 24h post MnCl2 administration at 14.1 Tesla.ResultsManganese enhancement was manifested in phase imaging by an increase in frequency shift differences between regions rich in calcium gated channels and other tissues, together with local increase in signal to noise ratio (from the T1 reduction). Such contrast improvement allowed a better visualization of brain cytoarchitecture. The measured T1 decrease observed across different manganese doses and in different brain regions were consistent with the increase in the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) measured by both T1‐weighted and phase imaging, with the strongest variations being observed in the dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb.ConclusionOverall from its high sensitivity to manganese combined with excellent CNR, phase imaging is a promising alternative imaging protocol to assess manganese enhanced MRI at ultra high field. Magn Reson Med 72:1246–1256, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in prostate cancer grade, stage, and location in radical prostatectomy specimens from United States and Japan
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Epstein Jonathan I. , Wakui Shin , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Furusato Bungo , Zhang Miao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo compared prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy between men in the United States (US) and Japan in the modern era.METHODSThree hundred seventy consecutive totally embedded RP cases (159 US; 211 Japan) from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed.RESULTSUS men were significantly younger (mean age 58.8 years) than Japanese men (mean age 64.6 years; P < 0.00001). Japanese patients presented with higher PSA levels (mean = 10.9 ng/ml) compared to US patients (mean = 5.8 ng/ml, P < 0.00001) and higher clinical stage (P = 0.003). Japanese tumors were: higher grade; larger; more advanced stage; with increased lymphovascular invasion; and more commonly TZ in location (P < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of high tumor volume were PSA level, clinical stage, TZ location, Gleason grade, and country of origin (Japan). Independent predictors of TZ location were clinical stage, tumor volume, and country of origin (Japan).CONCLUSIONA major factor for larger, higher grade and stage tumors in Japanese patients is the lower prevalence of screening for prostate cancer in Japan. Another contributing factor may be their TZ location, where they are not palpable until advanced and where they are difficult to sample on needle biopsy possibly leading to a delay in diagnosis. The finding of a difference in zonality of prostate cancer between US and Japanese cases is novel and may reflect differences in biology rather than different health care practice between the groups. If this data is confirmed, consideration should be given to TZ sampling as part of routine needle biopsies in Japanese men. Prostate 74:321–325, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wood smoke exposure induces a decrease in respiration parameters and in the activity of respiratory complexes I and IV in lung mitochondria from guinea pigs
Authors: Granados‐Castro Luis Fernando , Rodríguez‐Rangel Daniela Sarai , Montaño Martha , Ramos Carlos , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDomestic exposure to biomass smoke represents the second cause of chronic obstructive lung disease. Previous studies have shown that exposure of guinea pigs to wood smoke is capable of generating oxidative stress in lung tissue, and this may involve a failure at a mitochondrial level, given its close relation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in guinea pigs exposed to wood smoke, the lung mitochondrial functionality through O2 consumption measurement and the determination of the mitochondrial complexes enzymatic activity. We found that normal and maximum respiration decreased at 15 and 30 min of wood smoke exposure, recovering its normal values at 180 min. The same behavior was observed for the respiratory control rate (RCR) and the ADP/O value. Complex I activity decreased significantly after 30 min of exposure and it returned to baseline after 180 min. The greatest alteration was observed by the decrease of 85% on complex IV activity at 30 min of exposure, which returned to control values after 180 min of exposure. It is concluded that even when wood smoke exposure induces severe mitochondrial respiration alterations at the first 30 min, it seems that there is one or many ways by which mitochondria can reinstate its normal function after 180 min of exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 461–471, 2015.
Diverse high-risk B2 and D Escherichia coli clones depicted by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Sousa Clara , Novais Ângela , Magalhães Ana , Lopes João , Peixe Luísa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe aimed to develop a reliable method based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to discriminateEscherichia coliclones from B2(n = 9) and D(n = 13) phylogenetic groups. Eighty-eightE. coliisolates belonging to phylogenetic groups B2(n = 39) and D(n = 49), including particularly widespread high risk clones or clonal complexes (HiRCC) ST131, ST69, ST393 and ST405 were studied. Spectra were analysed by unsupervised (hierarchical cluster analysis-HCA) and supervised methods (soft independent modelling of class analogy-SIMCA and partial least square discriminant analysis-PLSDA). B2-ST131 isolates were discriminated from B2 non-ST131 and D phylogroup isolates (ST69, ST393, ST405) by HCA, SIMCA and PLSDA. D-ST69, D-ST393 and D-ST405 isolates were also distinguished from each other and from other STs from phylogroup D by the three methods. We demonstrate that FTIR-ATR coupled with chemometrics is a reliable and alternative method to accurately discriminate particularE. coliclones. Its validation towards an application at a routine basis could revolutionize high-throughput bacterial typing.
Design and formulation of functional pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues
Authors: Thavandiran Nimalan , Dubois Nicole , Mikryukov Alexander , Massé Stéphane , Beca Bogdan , Simmons Craig A. , Deshpande Vikram S. , McGarry J. Patrick , Chen Christopher S. , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy , Keller Gordon M. , Radisic Milica , Zandstra Peter W. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Robust and predictive in vitro models of human cardiac tissue function could have transformative impact on our ability to test new drugs and understand cardiac disease. Despite significant effort, the generation of high-fidelity adult-like human cardiac tissue analogs remains challenging. In this paper, we systematically explore the design criteria for pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered cardiac tissue. Parameters such as biomechanical stress during tissue remodeling, input-cell composition, electrical stimulation, and tissue geometry are evaluated. Our results suggest that a specified combination of a 3D matrix-based microenvironment, uniaxial mechanical stress, and mixtures of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts improves the performance and maturation state of in vitro engineered cardiac tissue.