bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining and Incorporating Basic Nursing Care Actions Into the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Englebright Jane , Aldrich Kelly , Taylor Cathy R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo develop a definition of basic nursing care for the hospitalized adult patient and drive uptake of that definition through the implementation of an electronic health record.Design and MethodsA team of direct care nurses, assisted by subject matter experts, analyzed nursing theory and regulatory requirements related to basic nursing care. The resulting list of activities was coded using the Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system and incorporated into the electronic health record system of a 170‐bed community hospital.ResultsNine basic nursing care activities were identified as a result of analyzing nursing theory and regulatory requirements in the framework of a hypothetical “well” patient. One additional basic nursing care activity was identified following the pilot implementation in the electronic health record. The pilot hospital has successfully passed a post‐implementation regulatory review with no recommendations related to the documentation of basic patient care.ConclusionsThis project demonstrated that it is possible to define the concept of basic nursing care and to distinguish it from the interdisciplinary, problem‐focused plan of care. The use of the electronic health record can help clarify, document, and communicate basic care elements and improve uptake among nurses.Clinical RelevanceThis project to define basic nursing care activities and incorporate into the electronic health record represents a first step in capturing meaningful data elements. When fully implemented, these data could be translated into knowledge for improving care outcomes and collaborative processes.
Concurrent Incidence of Adverse Events in Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Authors: Van Gaal Betsie G.I. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Mintjes‐de Groot Joke A.J. , Defloor Tom , Habets Herbert , Voss Andreas , van Achterberg Theo , Koopmans Raymond T.C.M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo describe the concurrent incidence of pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, and falls in hospitals and nursing homes, and the preventive care given. Additionally, the correlation between the occurrence of these adverse events and preventive care was explored.Design and SettingsA prospective, 3‐month, cohort study at 10 hospitals and 10 nursing homes in the Netherlands.Participants687 hospital patients and 241 nursing home patients.Main Outcome MeasuresThe incidence of three adverse events and preventive care given to patients at risk. During weekly visits, the patients and their files were assessed. Additionally, observations were performed.ResultsSeventy‐seven hospital patients (11%) and 111 nursing home patients (46%) developed one or more adverse events. The incidence rate for both types of patients, and for the three adverse events combined, was 9% adverse events per patient week.In hospitals, 34% of the patients received adequate pressure ulcer preventive care, while 47% of the patients received adequate urinary tract infection preventive care, and none of the patients received adequate falls preventive care. In nursing homes, 18% of the patients received adequate pressure ulcer preventive care, 42% of the patients received adequate urinary tract infection preventive care, and less than 1% of the patients received adequate falls prevention care.Negative or no correlations were found between the incidence rates for the three adverse events. In nursing homes the incidence of pressure ulcers and preventive care were positively correlated.ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of adverse events in hospitals and nursing homes. Many patients at risk do not receive adequate preventive care.
Digital dissection – using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scanning to elucidate hard‐ and soft‐tissue anatomy in the Common Buzzard Buteo buteo
Authors: Lautenschlager Stephan , Bright Jen A. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGross dissection has a long history as a tool for the study of human or animal soft‐ and hard‐tissue anatomy. However, apart from being a time‐consuming and invasive method, dissection is often unsuitable for very small specimens and often cannot capture spatial relationships of the individual soft‐tissue structures. The handful of comprehensive studies on avian anatomy using traditional dissection techniques focus nearly exclusively on domestic birds, whereas raptorial birds, and in particular their cranial soft tissues, are essentially absent from the literature. Here, we digitally dissect, identify, and document the soft‐tissue anatomy of the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) in detail, using the new approach of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography using Lugol's iodine. The architecture of different muscle systems (adductor, depressor, ocular, hyoid, neck musculature), neurovascular, and other soft‐tissue structures is three‐dimensionally visualised and described in unprecedented detail. The three‐dimensional model is further presented as an interactive PDF to facilitate the dissemination and accessibility of anatomical data. Due to the digital nature of the data derived from the computed tomography scanning and segmentation processes, these methods hold the potential for further computational analyses beyond descriptive and illustrative proposes.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus in established animal models
Authors: Fabri Rodrigo Luiz , Garcia Roberta Alvim , Florêncio Jônatas Rodrigues , de Castro Campos Pinto Nícolas , de Oliveira Luiz Gustavo , Aguiar Jair Adriano Kopke , Ribeiro Antônia , Scio Elita 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives
This study reports the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) and its chemical fingerprint.

Methods
The acute anti-inflammatory activity was performed using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and peritonitis, ear oedema induced by croton oil and ethyl phenylpropiolate methods. Total COX, COX-1 and COX-2 expression was also evaluated. Chronic activity was determined by cotton pellet granuloma model. The antioxidative activity was assessed using liver tissue malondialdehyde, catalase and myeloperoxidase activities.

Key findings
M . frigidus showed an intense acute anti-inflammatory action (100 and 300 mg/kg) in a nondose-dependent manner with selective inhibition of COX-2 expression. This activity may be also related to the strong antioxidative effect observed. By the other side, the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was not expressive. Kaempferol, kaempferol-O-rutenoside, rutin, ursolic acid and psychorubrin were identified in MFM.

Conclusions
The anti-inflammatory activity of MFM was probably due to inhibition of COX expression in a selective manner for COX-2. Other mechanisms, such as inhibition of inflammatory mediators and of the oxidative stress were possibly involved in the effects observed. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time those activities are reported for M. frigidus.
Multi‐organ injuries caused by lipopolysaccharide‐induced periodontal inflammation in rats: role of melatonin
Authors: Gulle K. , Akpolat M. , Kurcer Z. , Cengiz M. I. , Baba F. , Acikgoz S. 
Published: December 2013

Background and ObjectivePeriodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by oral bacterial infection, is considered to be a risk factor for systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus, bacterial pneumonia, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin against periodontal inflammation‐induced multiple organ injury in rats.Material and MethodsEighteen female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups of six rats each: control; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and LPS + melatonin. During the experimental period (10 d) all rats in the LPS and LPS + melatonin groups were given 10 μL of LPS (from a 10 mg/mL standard solution of LPS dissolved in saline) on days 1, 3 and 5. The rats in the LPS + melatonin group were given 50 mg/kg of melatonin, daily for 10 d, starting on day 1 after the administration of LPS. All rats were killed at the end of the experimental period. Liver, kidney and lung tissues were removed for investigation by light microscopy.ResultsThe levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly increased in the LPS group compared with the LPS + melatonin group (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the serum creatinine levels in the groups. However, the changes in serum AST, ALT and BUN levels in the experimental groups did not correlate with changes in histological data. Both LPS and LPS + melatonin groups displayed structural features similar to those of the control group.ConclusionThe results revealed that increased serum AST, ALT and BUN levels following periodontitis are ameliorated with melatonin treatment.
Telbivudine protects renal function in patients with chronic hepatitisBinfection in conjunction with adefovir‐based combination therapy
Authors: Lee M. , Oh S. , Lee H. J. , Yeum T.‐S. , Lee J.‐H. , Yu S. J. , Kim H. Y. , Yoon J.‐H. , Lee H.‐S. , Kim Y. J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that the treatment of chronic hepatitisB(CHB) infection with adefovir (ADV) can impair renal function. In contrast, treatment with telbivudine (LdT) improves renal function inCHBpatients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of LdT inCHBpatients receivingADV‐based combination therapy. The effects of treatment withADV+ LdT on renal function were compared to those resulting from treatment with ADV + entecavir (ETV),ADV+ lamivudine (LAM),ADValone and ETV alone. The consecutive cohort analysis included 831 CHB patients who receivedADV+ LdT,ADV+LAM,ADV+ETV,ADValone or ETV alone for 96 weeks. Alterations in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared between the five groups using a linear mixed‐effects model.HBV DNAlevels were also compared between the five groups during the 96‐week period. Among the five treatment groups, significant improvements in eGFRwere observed in theADV+ LdT andADV+LAMgroups over time (P < 0.001 for each group compared with baseline eGFR). In patients with a baseline eGFRbetween 50 and 90 mL/min, the change in eGFRwas the most significant in theADV+ LdT group (+0.641 mL/min;P < 0.001). Age, gender, baseline eGFRand treatment option were significant predictive factors for eGFRchanges. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination therapy of LdT andADVis significantly associated with renoprotective effects inCHBpatients when compared with otherADV‐based combination or single therapies.
Identification of functionally important conserved trans‐membrane residues of bacterial PIB‐type ATPases
Authors: Zhitnitsky Daniel , Lewinson Oded 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPowered by ATP hydrolysis, PIB‐ATPases drive the energetically uphill transport of transition metals. These high affinity pumps are essential for heavy metal detoxification and delivery of metal cofactors to specific cellular compartments. Amino acid sequence alignment of the trans‐membrane (TM) helices of PIB‐ATPases reveals a high degree of conservation, with ∼60–70 fully conserved positions. Of these conserved positions, 6–7 were previously identified to be important for transport. However, the functional importance of the majority of the conserved TM residues remains unclear. To investigate the role of conserved TM residues of PIB‐ATPases we conducted an extensive mutagenesis study of a Zn2+/Cd2+ PIB‐ATPase from Rhizobium radiobacter (rrZntA) and seven other PIB‐ATPases. Of the 38 conserved positions tested, 24 had small effects on metal tolerance. Fourteen mutations compromised in vivo metal tolerance and in vitro metal‐stimulated ATPase activity. Based on structural modelling, the functionally important residues line a constricted ‘channel’, tightly surrounded by the residues that were found to be inconsequential for function. We tentatively propose that the distribution of the mutable and immutable residues marks a possible trans‐membrane metal translocation pathway. In addition, by substituting six trans‐membrane amino acids of rrZntA we changed the in vivo metal specificity of this pump from Zn2+/Cd2+ to Ag+.
Cinacalcet for hypercalcaemic secondary hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation: a multicentre, retrospective, 3‐year study
Authors: Torregrosa Jose‐Vicente , Morales Enrique , Díaz Juan Manuel , Crespo Josep , Bravo Juan , Gómez Gonzalo , Gentil Miguel Ángel , Rodríguez Benot Alberto , García Minerva Rodríguez , Jiménez Verónica López , Gutiérrez Dalmau Alex , Jimeno Luisa , Sáez María José Pérez , Romero Rafael , Gómez Alamillo Carlos ,   CINAREN Study Group
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsOur aim was to evaluate the long‐term effect of cinacalcet in patients with hypercalcaemic secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after renal transplantation (RT) in order to expand real‐world data in this population.MethodsWe performed a multicentre, observational, retrospective study in 17 renal transplant units from Spain. We collected data from renal recipients with hypercalcaemic (calcium >10.2 mg/dL) SHPT (intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) > 120 pg/mL) who initiated cinacalcet in the clinical practice.ResultsWe included 193 patients with a mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of 52 (12) years, 58% men. Cinacalcet treatment was initiated at a median of 20 months after RT (median dose 30 mg/day). Mean calcium levels decreased from a mean (SD) of 11.1 (0.6) at baseline to 10.1 (0.8) at 6 months (9.0% reduction, P < 0.0001). Median iPTH was reduced by 23.0% at 6 months (P = 0.0005) and mean phosphorus levels increased by 11.1% (P < 0.0001). The effects were maintained up to 3‐years. No changes were observed in renal function or anticalcineurin drug levels. Only 4.1% of patients discontinued cinacalcet due to intolerance and 1.0% due to lack of efficacy.ConclusionsIn renal transplant patients with hypercalcaemic SHPT, cinacalcet controlled serum calcium, iPTH and phosphorus levels up to 3 years. Tolerability was good.
Nitrogen dioxide regulates organ growth by controlling cell proliferation and enlargement in Arabidopsis
Authors: Takahashi Misa , Furuhashi Takamasa , Ishikawa Naoko , Horiguchi Gorou , Sakamoto Atsushi , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Morikawa Hiromichi 
Published: December 2013

Summary

To gain more insight into the physiological function of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), we investigated the effects of exogenous NO2 on growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants were grown in air without NO2 for 1 wk after sowing and then grown for 1–4 wk in air with (designated treated plants) or without (control plants) NO2. Plants were irrigated semiweekly with a nutrient solution containing 19.7 mM nitrate and 10.3 mM ammonium.

Five‐week‐old plants treated with 50 ppb NO2 showed a ≤ 2.8‐fold increase in biomass relative to controls. Treated plants also showed early flowering. The magnitude of the effects of NO2 on leaf expansion, cell proliferation and enlargement was greater in developing than in maturing leaves. Leaf areas were 1.3–8.4 times larger on treated plants than corresponding leaves on control plants. The NO2‐induced increase in leaf size was largely attributable to cell proliferation in developing leaves, but was attributable to both cell proliferation and enlargement in maturing leaves. The expression of different sets of genes for cell proliferation and/or enlargement was induced by NO2, but depended on the leaf developmental stage.

Collectively, these results indicated that NO2 regulates organ growth by controlling cell proliferation and enlargement.
Overexpression of a proton‐coupled vacuolar glucose exporter impairs freezing tolerance and seed germination
Authors: Klemens Patrick A. W. , Patzke Kathrin , Trentmann Oliver , Poschet Gernot , Büttner Michael , Schulz Alexander , Marten Irene , Hedrich Rainer , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Arabidopsis vacuoles harbor, besides sugar transporter of the TMT‐type, an early response to dehydration like 6 (ERDL6) protein involved in glucose export into the cytosol. However, the mode of transport of ERDL6 and the plant's feedback to overexpression of its activity on essential properties such as, for example, seed germination or freezing tolerance, remain unexplored.

Using patch‐clamp studies on vacuoles expressing AtERDL6 we demonstrated directly that this carrier operates as a proton‐driven glucose exporter.

Overexpression of BvIMP, the closest sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) homolog to AtERDL6, in Arabidopsis leads surprisingly to impaired seed germination under both conditions, sugar application and low environmental temperatures, but not under standard conditions.

Upon cold treatment, BvIMP overexpressor plants accumulated lower quantities of monosaccharides than the wild‐type, a response in line with the reduced frost tolerance of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the fact that cold temperatures inhibits BvIMP transcription in sugar beet leaves. With these findings we show that the tight control of vacuolar sugar import and export is a key requisite for cold tolerance and seed germination of plants.
Pollen and stomata morphometrics and polyploidy in Eriotheca (Malvaceae‐Bombacoideae)
Authors: Marinho R. C. , Mendes‐Rodrigues C. , Bonetti A. M. , Oliveira P. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractApproximately 70% of the angiosperm species are polyploid, an important phenomenon in the evolution of those plants. But ploidy estimates have often been hindered because of the small size and large number of chromosomes in many tropical groups. Since polyploidy affects cell size, morphometric analyses of pollen grains and stomata have been used to infer ploidy level. Polyploidy is present in many species of the Cerrado, the Neotropical savanna region in Central Brazil, and has been linked to apomixis in some taxa. Eriotheca gracilipes and Eriotheca pubescens are common tree species in this region, and present cytotypes that form reproductive mosaics. Hexaploid individuals (2n = 6x = 276) are polyembryonic and apomictic, while tetraploid and diploid individuals (2n = 2x = 92, 2n = 4x = 184) are sexual and monoembryonic. We tested whether morphometric analysis can be used to estimate ploidy levels in E. gracilipes and E. pubescens individuals. Pollen material from diploid and hexaploid individuals of E. gracilipes, and tetraploid and hexaploid individuals of E. pubescens, were fixed in 50% FAA, and expanded leaves were dried in silica gel. Pollen grains and stomata of at least five individuals from each population were measured. The results demonstrate that all measures were significantly different among cytotypes. Individuals with higher levels of ploidy (hexaploid) all presented measurements that were higher than those with lower levels (diploid and tetraploid). There was no overlap between ploidy levels in each species at 95% confidence interval. Thus, the size of the pollen grains and stomata are effective parameters for analysis of ploidy levels in E. gracilipes and E. pubescens.
Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning: An event‐related potential study of belief bias
Authors: Banks Adrian P. , Hope Christopher 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHuman reasoning involves both heuristic and analytic processes. This study of belief bias in relational reasoning investigated whether the two processes occur serially or in parallel. Participants evaluated the validity of problems in which the conclusions were either logically valid or invalid and either believable or unbelievable. Problems in which the conclusions presented a conflict between the logically valid response and the believable response elicited a more positive P3 than problems in which there was no conflict. This shows that P3 is influenced by the interaction of belief and logic rather than either of these factors on its own. These findings indicate that belief and logic influence reasoning at the same time, supporting models in which belief‐based and logical evaluations occur in parallel but not theories in which belief‐based heuristic evaluations precede logical analysis.
Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a case–control study
Authors: Longworth S.A. , Vinnard C. , Lee I. , Sims K.D. , Barton T.D. , Blumberg E.A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease in solid organ transplant recipients is poorly defined.MethodsWe identified all solid organ transplant recipients with NTM disease at a single center over a 7.5‐year period, and collected data on patient demographics, co‐morbidities, immunosuppressive medications, and rejection. We conducted a case–control study to identify risk factors for disease, matching 3 control patients to each case patient by date of transplantation.ResultsA total of 34 cases of NTM disease occurred during the study period, involving 6 single lung, 13 bilateral lung, 8 heart, 4 liver, 2 kidney, and 1 pancreas‐kidney recipients. Cases were predominantly male (24/34), with a median age of 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 46–61 years), and developed after a median of 8 months post transplantation (IQR: 2–87 months). Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium complex were the most common pathogens, and the lung (including pleura) was the most common site of disease. In the adjusted case–control analysis, lung transplant recipients had the highest risk of NTM disease.ConclusionsAdditional studies are needed to evaluate the role of targeted surveillance measures for NTM disease in high‐risk patients, particularly lung transplant recipients, and to characterize the mechanisms of disease acquisition.
Determination of thromboelastographic responsiveness in stored single‐donor platelet concentrates
Authors: Bontekoe Ido J. , van der Meer Pieter F. , de Korte Dirk 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThromboelastography (TEG) is widely used in hospitals but less commonly in blood banks for evaluation of platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs). A TEG‐PC assay for testing fresh or stored PLTs must reflect the quality of the PLTs. The added value could be measurement of donor‐dependent PLT quality.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood (WB) normal values were generated from 100 donors, using standard tests. Nineteen single‐donor PCs were evaluated with a TEG‐PC assay, using Octaplas as microparticle‐free diluent and kaolin or collagen as activator, stored up to 12 days, and also sampled for additional in vitro tests.ResultsWB values showed larger reaction rates (R‐ and K‐times, angle) compared to the reference values and almost similar maximum amplitude (MA). PCs showed usual storage lesion and TEG‐PC results showed significant decreasing R‐ and K‐times and increasing angle. Mean MA values remained constant but individual measurements were affected by clot retraction. TEG tracings of two PCs with good quality on Day 12 showed weak to strong clot retraction, while two PCs with poor quality showed moderate clot retraction on Day 1, no clot retraction on Days 5 to 12, and a decreased MA on Day 12. Clot strength (MA) and especially clot retraction represent possibly donor‐specific effects.ConclusionA TEG‐PC assay has been developed that is sensitive to storage effects. The assay has the potential to be helpful in selection of PLT donors but needs improvement to be more sensitive, reproducible, and distinctive to determine whose PLTs store poorly and whose store well.