bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive filtering algorithm using an orthogonal projection to an affine subspace and its properties
Authors: Ozeki Kazuhiko , Umeda Tetsuo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe LMS algorithm and learning identification, which presently are typical adaptive algorithms, have a problem in that the speed of convergence may decrease greatly depending on the property of the input signal. To avoid this problem, this paper presents a geometrical discussion as to the origin of that defect, and proposes a new adaptive algorithm based on the result of the investigation. Comparing the convergence speeds of the proposed algorithm and the learning identification by numerical experiment by computer, great improvement was verified. The algorithm is extended to a group of algorithms which includes the original algorithm and the learning identification, which are called APA (affine projection algorithm). It is shown that APA has some desirable properties, such as, the coefficient vector approaches the true value monotonically and the convergence speed is independent of the amplitude of the input signal. Clear conclusions are also obtained for the problem as to what noise is included in the output signal when an external disturbance is impressed or the degree of the adaptive filter is not sufficient.
A construction of pole‐deviation tracking filter
Authors: Akagi Masato , Iijima Taizo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a construction method for the pole‐deviation tracking filter, which is a computing system to follow the variation‐in‐time of the poles of the signal waveform. Until now, the methods such as filter‐bank, FFT and LPC, are used to track the deviation of poles, assuming the stationarity within the frame. There are some methods in nonstationary speech analysis that assume the variation within the frame. However, they have a problem in that the error may accumulate since the locations of poles are calculated after correcting the LPC coefficients. The method proposed in this paper, on the other hand, is an extension of the idea of POLPEC I, which we have proposed as a means of speech recognition. It assumes the variation within the frame, and the pole deviation is calculated directly from the waveform. By this scheme, the location of the pole is not averaged within the frame and the error does not accumulate. Neither is it necessary to solve an algebraic equation of higher order to determine the pole location. The result of simulation using synthesized waveform and the analysis of C‐V type speech also are discussed.
Analog and digital amplitude‐domain‐multiplexed signal transmission systems using DC‐balance mB‐nB codes
Authors: Ohue Kenji , Ohtake Kohhei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo realize analog and digital ADM (Amplitude Domain Multiplex) signal transmission systems which transmit analog and digital signals in the baseband domain by amplitude domain multiplexing, intersymbol interference caused by the low‐frequency cutoff of the transmission line is a serious problem and dc‐balancing of the signals becomes necessary. This problem has not yet been discussed. This paper describes a new ADM technique for dc‐balancing of the signals within a word by using dc‐balance mB‐nB codes for the digital signal and dc‐balance signal processing within a word for the analog signal; a practicable system design is also proposed. Moreover, dc‐balance mB‐nB codes with a small clock rate increase and RDS (running digital sum) are proposed and dc‐balance mB‐nB codes suitable for this system are specified. A method for defining the optimum amplitude ratio of the analog and digital signals, and simple word synchronization and line‐error detection by checking the digital word sum are illustrated. Finally, an example of the application to subscriber loop‐transmission systems is presented and the system effectiveness is defined.
Optimum quantization of laplace density signal and its characteristics
Authors: Yamaguchi Hirohisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe distribution of prediction error at DPCM coding of audio or video signals can be approximated closely by Laplace distribution which, therefore, has been used widely for the determination of the quantization characteristics. The procedure for the practical determination of the quantizing characteristics for a given number of quantization levels, however, relies basically on the approximation methods chosen. Thus, considerable inconvenience is experienced during the theoretical analysis of the various characteristics corresponding to the different coding systems. In this paper, the optimum (Lloyd‐Max) quantization of Laplace density signals is considered and a recursive formula for the determination of the optimum quantization interval has been derived to show that the optimum quantization noise power is given as smin2/4 (smin is the minimum quantization interval length) when the number of the quantization levels is sufficiently large. Furthermore, the optimum quantization intervals (steps) have been determined by a digital computer with an accuracy of 8 digits and compared with the results of known approximations.
Analysis of partially metal‐clad and dielectric overlay‐loaded diffused optical waveguide
Authors: Hayata Kazuya , Koshiba Masanori , Suzuki Michio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe diffused optical waveguide is one of the most promising for use as an element of an integrated optical circuit, and optical functional devices such as an optical modulator and an optical switch can be composed of this waveguide. Analysis of this type of waveguide is difficult because the refractive index of the substrate is distributed continuously; there have been few studies on a waveguide with a metal cladding and a dielectric overlay and with the refractive index which is 2‐dimensionally inhomogeneous. We propose an approximate scalar finite‐element method which is applicable to a lossy diffused optical waveguide, and performed numerical analysis of a metal‐clad and dielectric overlay‐loaded diffused optical waveguide whose substrate has a 2‐dimensionally inhomogeneous refractive index profile. The results are presented in this paper.
Impact of Mesoporous and Microporous Materials on Performance of Nafion and SPEEK Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparative Study in DEFCs
Authors: Meenakshi S. , Manokaran A. , Bhat S. D. , Sahu A. K. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHybrid membranes are prepared from fluoro and non‐fluoro polymer membrane matrices with mesoporous and microporous inorganic materials. Nafion‐Si‐MSU‐F, Nafion‐Al‐MCM‐41, and zeolite 4A‐SPEEK‐MSA hybrid membranes are fabricated by solution casting method. The structural properties of the membranes are characterized using FE‐SEM and AFM techniques. Ion exchange capacity, sorption, proton conductivity, and thermal stability for the membranes have been extensively investigated. Ethanol permeability measurements for the membranes are performed using electrochemical as well as diffusion cell method. Among the membranes that are tested in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), Nafion‐Al‐MCM‐41 hybrid membrane delivered the highest peak power‐density of 44 mW cm–2 at 70 °C.
Pure psychiatric presentation of the Lewy body disease is depression—an analysis of 60 cases verified with myocardial meta‐iodobenzylguanidine study
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuji , Nakano Hiroyuki , Akiyama Noriko , Maeda Takashi , Yamamori Sanae 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were collectively termed Lewy body disease (LBD). Pure psychiatric presentation (PPP) of the LBD may be the fourth subtype in which psychiatric symptoms without definite parkinsonism and cognitive disturbance lasted for many years. The aim of this study is to localize the presence of the PPP in subjects with low uptake of myocardial meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG).MethodsSixty MIBG‐verified patients (28 women and 32 men) were classified into three psychiatric pictures; depression (Group D: 27 patients), isolated visual hallucinations (Group V: 16 patients) and psychosis (Group P: 17 patients). Fifty six cases were examined with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) study of the brains in which hypoperfusion lobes were identified in 37 cases and 19 cases showed no abnormality. After that, we determined final diagnoses; PD, PDD, DLB and PPP with an aid of the DSM‐IV, the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE).ResultsOf Group D patients 40% remained depressive without parkinsonism and about 50% had or developed typical parkinsonism. Most Group P patients developed clinical pictures of PDD or DLB. Statistics provided four combinations: Group V‐DLB‐occipital lobe hypoperfusion, Group D‐PD without SPECT abnormality, Group P‐PDD with temporal lobe hypoperfusion and Group D‐PPP without SPECT abnormality.ConclusionsPPP featured major depressive disorder and can be preparative of incidental LBD and prodromal depression of PD. Psychosis and dementia were of the same quality that characterizes the PDD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postmastectomy radiation therapy and immediate autologous breast reconstruction: Integrating perspectives from surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Jeong Ah‐Reum , Goldberg Leah , Harris Timothy , Mohan Kriti , Seal Stella , Canner Joe , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: October 2014

Background and ObjectivesThe effect of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) on immediately reconstructed abdominal wall‐based tissue remains imprecisely defined. We evaluated evidence from all fields involved in care of the breast cancer patient in order to advance a unified recommendation regarding this therapeutic sequence.MethodsWe performed a MEDLINE and manual reference search to identify studies of PMRT with immediate autologous breast reconstruction. Inclusion criteria required studies to describe patients, flaps, and complication rates. Analyses were based on a random effects model. Surgical and radiation oncology literature was reviewed.ResultsEleven retrospective studies of 337 patients with an average follow‐up of 18–60 months (out of 268 patients) were selected for inclusion. Overall rates of fat necrosis, revisional surgery, volume loss, and fibrosis/contracture ranged from 16.9% to 35.4%. One out of 260 patients experienced total flap loss. There was an increased probability of fat necrosis in the irradiated breast (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.42–6.89, P = 0.005) among three studies with non‐irradiated controls. Five studies evaluated aesthetics with variable outcomes.ConclusionsThere is mixed evidence for the utility of PMRT with immediate autologous abdominal wall breast reconstruction. Further investigation requires prospective studies with collaboration among surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and plastic surgeons. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:251–257. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the Shared Use of World Heritage Sites: Residents and Domestic Tourists' Use and Perceptions of the Summer Palace in Beijing
Authors: Su Ming Ming , Wall Geoffrey 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany heritage sites are shared by tourists and local residents, who may have different motivations, preferences and experiences. These common areas offer a setting for understanding how the host and guest populations utilize, interact and perceive a heritage site. Results show that residents and domestic tourists differ in their use patterns but generally share motivations, perceptions and experiences at the Summer Palace. Use conflicts and interplay are examined in relation to their behaviours, perceptions and experiences. Practical implications are generated to inform management and planning decisions for the study site and other heritage sites shared by local users and tourists. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended Layerwise method for composite laminated beams with multiple delaminations and matrix cracks
Authors: Li D. H. , Liu Y. , Zhang X. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryFor the delamination and matrix crack prediction of composite laminated structures, the methods based on the damage mechanics and fracture mechanics are most commonly used. However, there are very few methods that can accurately simulate the delaminations together with matrix cracks, although the in‐plane matrix cracks always exist alongside the delaminations under impact loading. In this work, an extended layerwise method is developed to model the composite laminated beam with multiple delaminations and matrix cracks. In the displacement field, the nodes in the thickness direction are located at the middle surface of each single layer, the top surface and the bottom surface of the composite beams. The displacement field contains the linear Lagrange interpolation functions, the one‐dimensional weak discontinuous function and strong discontinuous function. The strong and weak discontinuous function are applied to model the displacement discontinuity induced by delaminations and the strain discontinuity induced by the interface between the layers, respectively. Because the nodes in the thickness direction are located at the middle surface of each single layer, the extended layerwise method can be conveniently employed to deal with the in‐plane matrix cracks combined with the extend FEM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity/activation energy relationships for cement-based materials undergoing cyclic thermal excursions
Authors: McCarter W. J. , Starrs G. , Chrisp T. M. , Basheer P. A. M. , Nanukuttan S. V. , Srinivasan S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of a range of concrete mixes, with and without supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), is studied through multiple cycles of heating and cooling over the extended temperature range −30/+70 °C. When presented in an Arrhenius format, the experimental results display hysteresis effects at the low-temperature end of the thermal cycle and, in those concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials at higher water/binder ratios, hysteresis effects were evident over the entire temperature range becoming more discernible with increasing number of thermal cycles. The depression in both the freezing and thawing point could be clearly identified and was used to estimate pore-neck and pore-cavity radii. A simplified approach is presented to evaluate the volumetric ratio of frozen pore water in terms of conductivity measurements. The results also show that the conductivity and activation energy of the concrete specimens were related to the water/binder ratio, type of SCM, physical state of the pore water and the thermal cycling regime.
Tribology of rotating band and gun barrel during engraving process under quasi-static and dynamic loading
Authors: Wu Bin , Zheng Jing , Tian Qing-tao , Zou Zhi-qiang , Yu Xu-hua , Zhang Kai-shuan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The engraving process of a projectile rotating band is one of the most basic research aspects in interior ballistics, which has not been thoroughly understood thus far. An understanding of this process is of great importance from the viewpoints of optimal design, manufacturing, use, and maintenance of gun and projectile. In this paper, the interaction of copper and nylon rotating bands with a CrNiMo gun barrel during engraving was studied under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The quasi-static engraving tests were performed on a CSS-88500 electronic universal testing machine (EUTM) and a special gas-gun-based test rig was designed for dynamic impact engraving of the rotating bands. The mechanical behaviors of copper and nylon were investigated under strain rates of 10−3 s−1 and 2 × 103 s−1 using an MTS 810 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), respectively. Morphologies of the worn surfaces and cross-sectional microstructures were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). It was found that large deformation and severe friction occur during engraving. The surface layer is condensed and correlated with a hardness gradient along the depth from the top worn surface. The structure of the rotating band and gun bore, band material, and loading rate have great effects on band engraving. The flow stress-strain of the copper strongly depends on the applied strain rate. It is suggested that strain rate and temperature play significant roles in the deformation mechanism of rotating bands.
Do parents in Saudi Arabia store medications safely?
Authors: Ruwaili N. Al , Balushi A. Al , Alharf A. , AlShaharani H. , Eldali A. 
Published: October 2014

Background and objectives:
Safe storage of medications can prevent the accidental poisoning of children. How medications are stored in homes in the Saudi community is not known. The objective of this study was to assess the safety measures for drug storage that are employed by parents to avoid unintentional drug poisoning of children below the age of 6 years.

Materials and methods:
This was a cross-sectional survey study based on a validated question-naire created using the Survey Monkey online tool.

Results:
Ninety-three percent of the respondents did not store medications in secure and safe places such as locked boxes or locked drawers; however, more than half of the respondents (54.3%) stored medications at a level that was above the eye level of an adult. The majority of drugs (60.2%) were kept in the fridge; 45.9% were kept in kitchens, 45.1% in bedrooms, 8% in living rooms and 2% in bath-rooms. Thirty percent of the respondents stored medications in two places, and 10% stored medica-tion in three or more places. Eighty-nine percent disposed of unwanted medicines by throwing them in the trash, only 11% returned them to the pharmacy, and 11% flush them down the toilet.

Conclusions:
These results raise concerns about how drugs are stored and disposed of in the commu-nity. Additional community education and awareness programs regarding the safe storage of drugs in the home and the identification of useful and accessible methods of drug disposal are needed.
Encouraging the heart
Authors: al-Baradie Raidah S. 
Published: October 2014

Because leaders influence others, a leader’s sincerity is essential to his ability to influence. Leaders can augment their influence through five leadership practices, including modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, challenging the process, and encouraging the heart. Leaders have a tremendous opportunity to expand dignity, respect, and value and legitimately make the world a better place.
Encouraging the heart challenges leaders to care about their people while focusing on the team’s final goal: results. Truly caring about your people means setting lucid values and antic-ipating the best. Encouraging the heart challenges leaders to pay attention, personalize recog-nition, relate stories about success and values, celebrate together, and be an example for others to follow.
We need to feel linked to others and, in turn, they to us because greatness is never obtained completely by ourselves, all alone. Encouraging the heart is the leadership practice that con-nects us with one another. It documents that we are in "this” together-whatever the project, course, congregation, division, and so on, may be. When leaders praise their followers for achieving the values or goals of the group, the leaders are giving them courage and inspiring them to practice their own skills to deliver-even when under stress. When we recognize people for their participation, we increase their awareness of their value to the organization and to their co-workers, and thereby impart a sense of connectedness that, being social animals, all humans seek. While we may all be linked, leaders have the responsibility to ensure that we are in touch.
We strongly suggest encouraging the heart for leaders who want to enhance their care of people and for those who know that supporting others is not their strongest skill. Some people are born encouragers - if you are not one of them, this article is for you!
Hubris: The Recurring Pandemic
Authors: Koch Tom 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe 2014 Ebola outbreak has been seen by many as a “perfect storm” and an “unprecedented” public health calamity. This article attempts to place this most current of epidemics, one currently struggling for pandemic status, in an historical frame. At least since the 1600s protocols and programs for the containment of epidemic disease have been known, and mapped. And yet it was almost six months after warnings about this epidemic were first sounded that incomplete programs of control and surveillance were instituted. In effect, we have forgotten the basics of what was once common knowledge in public health. Having placed our faith in bacteriology, virology, and pharmacology, we have forgotten the lessons learned, long ago. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Velopharyngeal incompetence in patients with cleft palate, flexible video pharyngoscopy and perceptual speech assessment: a correlational pilot study
Authors: Rajan S , Kurien M , Gupta A K , Mathews S S , Albert R R , Tychicus D 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectives:To assess the role of video endoscopy in evaluating velopharyngeal incompetence and investigate a possible relationship between velopharyngeal incompetence type and speech defect in cleft palate patients.Methods:A prospective study of 28 pre- or post-operative cleft palate patients with speech defects who attended Plastic Surgery–Cleft Palate and ENT out-patient clinics was performed. The velar defect type was determined using a flexible endoscope and findings were video recorded. Speech pathology was assessed using the cleft palate audit protocol for speech.Results:A significant, clinically relevant relationship was noted between the perceived characteristics of hypernasality and velopharyngeal insufficiency type. Hypernasal speech was a definite clinical indicator of velopharyngeal incompetence, and the type 1 velopharyngeal defect was most common. Type 1 velopharyngeal coronal-type dysfunction was strongly associated with hypernasality (p < 0.05). When speech substitution was noted, type 2 velopharyngeal (or sagittal) incompetence could be predicted (p < 0.05).Conclusion:In the management of cleft palate patients, it is important that surgical correction of the defect and achieving velopharyngeal competency for speech are performed simultaneously. Pre-operative velopharyngeal endoscopy with speech assessment will define the anatomical and functional bases for velopharyngeal correction and assist in planning and tailoring the pharyngeal flap.