bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoblasts response to nylon 6,6 blended with single‐walled carbon nanohorn
Authors: Misra R.D.K. , Chaudhari P.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBioactivity is an important aspect that can be appropriately used to tune the cellular interactions occurring at the biomaterial‐physiological interface. In this regard, we explore here the nano‐ or quantum‐size effects of a highly dispersible nanostructured carbon present in the void space between the polymers chains (Nylon 6,6) in modulating the cellular functions when osteoblasts are seeded on biocompatible substrates. The filling‐up of void space in polymer facilitates filopodia to access the extracellular matrix, enabling integrin receptors to bind to the artificial biomedical device, promoting cellular interactions. In this regard, the fundamental principles of materials processing and cellular biology were combined to elucidate the mechanism of cell‐substrate interactions and the molecular machinery controlling the cell response. This is accomplished by investigating cell attachment, proliferation, and morphology, including cytomorphometry evaluation and quantitative assessment of prominent proteins, actin, vinculin, and fibronectin that are sensitive to cell‐substrate interactions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Nuclear and cellular alignment of primary corneal epithelial cells on topography
Authors: Raghunathan Vijay Krishna , McKee Clayton T. , Tocce Elizabeth J. , Nealey Paul F. , Russell Paul , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe basement membrane of the corneal epithelium presents biophysical cues in the form of topography and compliance that can modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which, in turn, can result in altering cellular and nuclear morphology and alignment. In this study, the effect of topographic patterns of alternating ridges and grooves on nuclear and cellular shape and alignment was determined. Primary corneal epithelial cells were cultured on either planar or topographically patterned (400–4000 nm pitch) substrates. Alignment of individual cell body was correlated with respective nucleus for the analysis of orientation and elongation. A biphasic response in alignment was observed. Cell bodies preferentially aligned perpendicular to the 800 nm pitch; and with increasing pitch, cells increasingly aligned parallel to the substratum. Nuclear orientation largely followed this trend with the exception of those on 400 nm. On this biomimetic size scale, some nuclei oriented perpendicular to the topography while their cytoskeleton elements aligned parallel. Both nuclei and cell bodies were elongated on topography compared to those on flat surfaces. Our data demonstrate that nuclear orientation and shape are differentially altered by topographic features that are not mandated by alignment of the cell body. This novel finding suggests that nuanced differences in alignment of the nucleus versus the cell body exist and that these differences could have consequences on gene and protein regulation that ultimately regulate cell behaviors. A full understanding of these mechanisms could disclose novel pathways that would better inform evolving strategies in cell, stem cell, and tissue engineering as well as the design and fabrication of improved prosthetic devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
MesoBioNano explorer—A universal program for multiscale computer simulations of complex molecular structure and dynamics
Authors: Solov'yov Ilia A. , Yakubovich Alexander V. , Nikolaev Pavel V. , Volkovets Ilya , Solov'yov Andrey V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a multipurpose computer code MesoBioNano Explorer (MBN Explorer). The package allows to model molecular systems of varied level of complexity. In particular, MBN Explorer is suited to compute system's energy, to optimize molecular structure as well as to consider the molecular and random walk dynamics. MBN Explorer allows to use a broad variety of interatomic potentials, to model different molecular systems, such as atomic clusters, fullerenes, nanotubes, polypeptides, proteins, DNA, composite systems, nanofractals, and so on. A distinct feature of the program, which makes it significantly different from the existing codes, is its universality and applicability to the description of a broad range of problems involving different molecular systems. Most of the existing codes are developed for particular classes of molecular systems and do not permit multiscale approach while MBN Explorer goes beyond these drawbacks. On demand, MBN Explorer allows to group particles in the system into rigid fragments, thereby significantly reducing the number of dynamical degrees of freedom. Despite the universality, the computational efficiency of MBN Explorer is comparable (and in some cases even higher) than the computational efficiency of other software packages, making MBN Explorer a possible alternative to the available codes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally invasive ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel release: A cadaver study
Authors: de la Fuente Javier , Miguel‐Perez Maria Isabel , Balius Ramon , Guerrero Valentin , Michaud Johann , Bong David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground.Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition frequently requiring surgical intervention. We describe a new minimally invasive surgical technique for carpal tunnel release utilizing ultrasound (US) visualization.Methods.The technique was performed on 20 fresh frozen cadaver specimens. A surgical metallic probe with a “U”‐shaped trough and upward curved distal tip was precisely positioned in the carpal tunnel with US guidance followed by division of the flexor retinaculum (FR) with a “V”‐shaped scalpel.Results.Complete division of the FR was confirmed by US. Dissection performed on the specimens confirmed complete release of FR and absence of neurovascular injury. The distance from the division of the FR to these structures, the “safety margins,” was measured.Conclusions.This new technique for carpal tunnel release appears to combine the safety and efficacy of open carpal tunnel surgery with the advantages of the minimally invasive techniques. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Intima‐medial thickness homogeneity in the common carotid artery: Measurement method and preliminary clinical study
Authors: Cheng Xinyao , Zhou Yuan , Jin Yalei , Li Guokuan , Wang Hua , Song Enmin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground.To propose and test in a preliminary clinical study a novel method for calculating intima‐medial thickness (IMT) homogeneity (IMTH).Methods.IMT was measured off‐line on every horizontal pixel line along the far wall of the common carotid artery, with previously validated software. IMTH was assessed by the SD, coefficient of variation, and interval distribution of obtained IMT values. This method was applied to 129 individuals (age, 40–60 years), including 49 healthy control subjects, 44 subjects at high risk of atherosclerosis, and 36 subjects with known atherosclerosis. Differences with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results.SD and coefficient of variation were higher in the high‐risk than in the control group, as well as in high‐risk and control subgroups with maximal IMT = 0.8 mm or mean IMT = 0.55–0.65 mm. There were 85.7, 62.8, and 36% of IMT values in the 0.4‐ to 0.6‐mm range and 0.89, 13.8, and 21.2% of IMT values in the 0.8‐ to 1.2‐mm range in the control, high‐risk, and atherosclerosis groups, respectively.Conclusions.IMTH is a promising approach for the assessment of atherosclerosis, in addition to conventional IMT measurement. Further clinical studies are needed to assess its clinical usefulness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Morphology of the tongue dorsal surface of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Abbate F. , Guerrera M.C. , Montalbano G. , Ciriaco E. , Germanà A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe gilthead seabream is a food fish, one of the most frequently used in aquaculture. In the species of commercial interest, feeding in captivity is very important and this process is strictly related to the morphological characteristics of the oral cavity. The aim of this study is, using the standard procedures for light and scanning electron microscopy, to analyze the morphology of the tongue dorsal surface to show if relationships are present between the tongue morphology and the nutritional habits and choices of this farmed species. The main characteristic of the gilthead seabream oral cavity floor is the presence of an apical pouch, with, probably, a protective role mainly for the apical, free part of the tongue. Three zones, like in other teleosts, an apex, a body and a root, can be clearly distinguished. In the pouch foliate‐like papillae were observed, while the whole tongue is characterized by the presence of two types of papillae, respectively with a fungiform and cylindroid aspect, both randomly distributed throughout the whole dorsal surface of the tongue. Scattered and numerous taste buds, with the typical pear‐onion shape, together with small and numerous taste pores are also present, distributed throughout the tongue surface. Our results demonstrate that in the gilthead seabream important mechanic and sensory roles are carried out by specific anatomical structures. Our anatomical data could give, together with further biochemical and physiological data, an important support with the aim of improving the nutrition of aquaculture species. Microsc. Res. Tech. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of permethrin in mice: Micronuclei analysis in peripheral blood erythrocytes
Authors: Roma Gislaine Cristina , De Oliveira Patrícia Rosa , Araujo Andrea Mendez , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , Mathias Maria Izabel Camargo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPyrethroids such as permethrin are synthetic compounds widely used in the agriculture of many countries to combat plagues and in domestic products, such as acaricides. Not so long ago these chemicals were characterized as non‐toxic for non‐target organisms; however, recent studies have showed that these compounds could present toxic potential for many organisms. In this sense, this study presents genotoxic and mutagenic potential of permethrin administered intraperitoneally in mice under artificial conditions by the use of micronucleus assay in the peripheral blood of these animals. The mice were divided into five groups: group I = negative control (distilled water), group II = positive control (cyclophosphamide), group III = 30% of permethrin LD50 (96 mg/kg), group IV = 50% of permethrin LD50 (160 mg/kg), and group V = 80% of permethrin LD50 (256 mg/kg). The peripheral blood was collected 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Results showed that all the tested permethrin dosages presented genotoxic and mutagenic effects 24 h after treatment, which would contradict the classification of this chemical product as moderately toxic, i.e., unable to cause damages to the cell DNA. Microsc. Res. Tech. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of extra‐embryonic provisioning on larval morphology and histogenesis in Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida, Spionidae)
Authors: Gibson Glenys , Carver David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMorphology is strongly correlated with trophic mode in marine invertebrate larvae. We asked if larval morphogenesis is influenced by adelphophagy, a trophic mode in which larvae are provisioned with additional yolk in the form of extra‐embryonic nurse eggs, instead of the more common increase in egg size. We used histology and scanning electron microscopy to analyze morphogenesis in Boccardia proboscidea, a polychaete that produces both small planktotrophic larvae and large adelphophagic larvae in a single egg capsule. Results indicate that both morphs are similar for histogenesis of ectodermal derivatives, and differ for the gut mucosa and coelom which show delayed differentiation in the adelphophagic morph. Heterochrony in gut and coelom development suggests that differentiation of these organ systems is decoupled from overall development, and that a trade‐off exists between maturation of these tissues and rapid growth. We also looked for potential barriers to adelphophagy in planktotrophic larvae that have nurse eggs available to them. These planktotrophic larvae appeared morphologically equipped for adelphophagy: the gut was differentiated at an early stage, and larvae had structures involved in nurse‐egg ingestion in the adelphophagic morph (e.g., oral cilia and ventral ciliated patches). Planktotrophic larvae were additionally capable of ingesting particles (Di‐I) while in the egg capsule. Lack of adelphophagy in planktotrophic larvae remains enigmatic but these results indicate that morphology alone does not account for the arrested development shown by these larvae. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative morphology of porpoise (Cetacea: Phocoenidae) pterygoid sinuses: Phylogenetic and functional implications
Authors: Racicot Rachel A. , Berta Annalisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHigh‐resolution X‐ray computed tomographic scans were used to examine pterygoid sinus morphology within extant porpoise species and one delphinid (Tursiops truncatus), in order to consider: 1) intraspecific and interspecific variation among the studied species; 2) the most parsimonious sequence of character acquisition; and 3) the potential functional roles of the preorbital lobes of the sinuses in sound reflection. Scans revealed that the pterygoid/palatine regions are mediolaterally broader in the earliest diverging phocoenid (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and Tursiops truncatus than the dorsoventrally elongated sinuses observed in other species. Rostrocaudal lengths of the sphenoidal regions of the sinuses in all individuals studied are proportionally similar, indicating conservatism in this region across species. The neonate Phocoena phocoena has shorter preorbital lobes than adults, but they are still proportionally longer than Neophocaena phocaenoides and Phocoena spinipinnis. The preorbital lobes broaden mediolaterally to varying degrees across species; in particular, Phocoenoides dalli has the largest dorsal and lateral expansion of this region. Assuming the highest pulse frequency produced by porpoises is 150 kHz, all regions of the preorbital lobes are thick enough to reflect the wavelengths produced. In addition, the neonate preorbital lobes are not as elongated as they are in adults, and the dorsal third of this region may not reflect sound to the same extent. This study reinforces the importance of using nondestructive methods to quantify variation in endocranial anatomy and the value of CT data for recovering phylogenetically useful information, as well as functional roles sinuses play in concert with the soft tissue head anatomy for biosonar. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finite element method for two‐dimensional time‐fractional tricomi‐type equations
Authors: Zhang Xindong , Huang Pengzhan , Feng Xinlong , Wei Leilei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, we consider the finite element method (FEM) for two‐dimensional linear time‐fractional Tricomi‐type equations, which is obtained from the standard two‐dimensional linear Tricomi‐type equation by replacing the first‐order time derivative with a fractional derivative (of order α, with 1 <α< 2 ). The method is based on finite element method for space and finite difference method for time. We prove that the method is unconditionally stable, and the error estimate is presented. The comparison of the FEM results with the exact solutions is made, and numerical experiments reveal that the FEM is very effective. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
A BGK‐penalization‐based asymptotic‐preserving scheme for the multispecies Boltzmann equation
Authors: Jin Shi , Li Qin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn asymptotic‐preserving (AP) scheme is efficient in solving multiscale problems where kinetic and hydrodynamic regimes coexist. In this article, we extend the BGK‐penalization‐based AP scheme, originally introduced by Filbet and Jin for the single species Boltzmann equation (Filbet and Jin, J Comput Phys 229 (2010) 7625–7648), to its multispecies counterpart. For the multispecies Boltzmann equation, the new difficulties arise due to: (1) the breaking down of the conservation laws for each species and (2) different convergence rates to equilibria for different species in disparate masses systems. To resolve these issues, we find a suitable penalty function—the local Maxwellian that is based on the mean velocity and mean temperature and justify various asymptotic properties of this method. This AP scheme does not contain any nonlinear nonlocal implicit solver, yet it can capture the fluid dynamic limit with time step and mesh size independent of the Knudsen number. Numerical examples demonstrate the correct asymptotic‐behavior of the scheme. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Silane coupling agent modification on interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/epoxy/nano‐CaCo3 composites
Authors: He Hongwei , Li Kaixi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFour different types of composites were prepared based on unmodified and modified epoxy matrices: (A) unmodified epoxy/carbon fiber composites, (B) modified epoxy/carbon fiber composites by silane coupling agent/nano‐CaCO3 master batch, (C) modified epoxy/carbon fiber composites by nano‐CaCO3 particles directly, and (D) modified epoxy/carbon fiber composites by nano‐CaCO3 particles and silane coupling agent together. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the carbon fiber‐reinforced composites was investigated. The results show that the silane coupling agent/nano‐CaCO3 master batch can increase the ILSS to the highest degree. Nevertheless, Sample D, i.e., modified by nano‐CaCO3 particles and silane coupling agent together, even presents a decrease of the ILSS. The integration effect of silane coupling agent/nano‐CaCO3 master batch was concluded. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of side‐chain length on the electrospinning of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers
Authors: Subianto Surya , Cavaliere Sara , Jones Deborah J. , Rozière Jacques 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effect of the side‐chain length (short side chain and long side chain, SSC and LSC, respectively) of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers on the properties of nanofibers obtained by electrospinning ionomer dispersions in high dielectric constant liquids has been investigated with a view to obtaining electrospun webs as components of fuel cell membranes. Ranges of experimental conditions for electrospinning LSC and SSC PFSAs have been explored, with a scoping of solvents, carrier polymer and PFSA ionomer concentrations, and carrier polymer molecular weight. Under optimal conditions, the electrospun mats derived from SSC and from LSC PFSA show distinct fiber dimensions that arise from the different chain lengths of the respective ionomers. Enhanced interchain interactions in SSC PFSA with low equivalent weight compared to LSC PFSA result in a considerably lower average fiber diameter and a markedly narrower fiber size distribution. The proton conductivity of nanofiber mats of SSC and LSC PFSA with equivalent weights of 830 and 900 g mol−1, respectively, are 102 and 58 mS cm−1 at 80°C and 95% relative humidity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis and polymerization kinetics of acrylamide phosphonic acids and esters as new dentine adhesives
Authors: Besse V. , Le Pluart L. , Cook W. D. , Pham T.‐N. , Madec P.‐J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn restorative dentistry, acrylamide monomers bearing phosphonic acid moieties have proved to be useful species for the formulation of dental self‐etch adhesives since they provide enhanced adhesion to hydroxyapatite and are not subject to hydrolysis, thus potentially improving their adhesive durability. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphonic acid acrylamides increase the rate of photopolymerization of diacrylamide monomers. To understand whether this rate acceleration is specific to the acrylamide function of the monomer, or due to the phosphonic acid group per se, or is applicable only with a crosslinking reaction, we have synthesized several acrylamide and methacrylate monomers bearing phosphonic acid or phosphonate moieties and studied their photopolymerization kinetics. The acrylamide phosphonic acid was found to accelerate the polymerization rate but similar monomers bearing a phosphonate ester group had a much smaller effect. A similar accelerating effect was observed when the phosphonic acid‐based monomers were copolymerized with a monofunctional acrylamide monomer, excluding the possibility that the rate acceleration might be related to the crosslinking process. This rate effect is also observed when a nonpolymerizable organic phosphonic acid is present in the polymerizing medium. We suggest that the increase of the medium polarity is responsible for this rate enhancement effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
New hyperbranched second‐order nonlinear optical poly(arylene‐ethynylene)s containing pentafluoroaromatic rings as isolation group: Facile synthesis and enhanced optical nonlinearity through Ar‐ArF self‐assembly effect
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Zhu Zhichao , Qiu Guofu , Ye Cheng , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, a facile route was designed to prepare four new hyperbranched poly(arylene‐ethynylene)s containing azo‐chromophore moieties through one‐pot “A2+B3” approach via simple Sonogashira coupling reaction. The polymers were all soluble in organic solvents and demonstrated good nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, because of the three‐dimensional spatial isolation effect of these hyperbranched polymers. Due to the different B3‐type comonomer, the self‐assembly effect of pentafluoroaromatic in the interior of these polymers were different, leading to the different trends of the NLO activities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of graft polymers with poly(isoprene) as main chain by living anionic polymerization mechanism
Authors: Tang Tingting , Huang Jian , Huang Bing , Huang Junlian , Wang Guowei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe graft polymers [poly(isoprene)‐graft‐poly(styrene)] (PI‐g‐PS), [poly(isoprene)‐graft‐poly(isoprene)] (PI‐g‐PI), [poly(isoprene)‐graft‐(poly(isoprene)‐block‐poly(styrene))] PI‐g‐(PI‐b‐PS), and [poly(isoprene)‐graft‐(poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(isoprene))] PI‐g‐(PS‐b‐PI) with PI as main chain were synthesized through living anionic polymerization (LAP) mechanism and the efficient coupling reaction. First, the PI was synthesized by LAP mechanism and epoxidized in H2O2/HCOOH system for epoxidized PI (EPI). Then, the graft polymers with controlled molecular weight of main chain and side chains, and grafting ratios were obtained by coupling reaction between PI−Li+, PS−Li+, PS‐b‐PI−Li+, or PI‐b‐PS−Li+ macroanions and the epoxide on EPI. The target polymers and all intermediates were well characterized by SEC,1H NMR, as well as their thermal properties were also evaluated by DSC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012