bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocrotophos induced oxidative stress and alterations in brain dopamine and serotonin receptors in young rats
Authors: Sankhwar Madhu L , Yadav Rajesh S , Shukla Rajendra K , Singh Dhirendra , Ansari Reyaz W , Pant Aditya B , Parmar Devendra , Khanna Vinay K 
Published: October 2013

Human exposure to monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, could occur due to its high use in agriculture to protect crops. Recently, we found that postlactational exposure to monocrotophos impaired cholinergic mechanisms in young rats and such changes persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure. In continuation to this, the effect of monocrotophos on noncholinergic targets and role of oxidative stress in its neurotoxicity has been studied. Exposure of rats from postnatal day (PD)22 to PD49 to monocrotophos (0.50 or 1.0 mg kg−1 body weight, perorally) significantly impaired motor activity and motor coordination on PD50 as compared to controls. A significant decrease in the binding of 3H-spiperone to striatal membrane (26%, p < 0.01; 30%, p < 0.05) in rats exposed to monocrotophos at both the doses and increase in the binding of 3H-ketanserin to frontocortical membrane (14%, p > 0.05; 37%, p < 0.05) in those exposed at a higher dose, respectively, was observed on PD50 compared with the controls. Alterations in the binding persisted even after withdrawal of monocrotophos exposure on PD65. Increased oxidative stress in brain regions following exposure of rats to monocrotophos was also observed on PD50 that persisted 15 days after withdrawal of exposure on PD65. The results suggest that monocrotophos exerts its neurobehavioral toxicity by affecting noncholinergic functions involving dopaminergic and serotonergic systems associated with enhanced oxidative stress. The results also exhibit vulnerability of developing brain to monocrotophos as most of the changes persisted even after withdrawal of its exposure.
Perceptions of a Continuing Professional Development Portfolio Model to Enhance the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Tofade Toyin , Abate Marie , Fu Yunting 
Published: October 2013

Objective: To obtain feedback about the potential usefulness of a continuing professional development (CPD) portfolio for enhancing a faculty or practitioner’s scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). Method: A CPD portfolio approach to the SoTL was distributed in advance to registrants of the 2011 Annual AACP Teacher’s Seminar. In an interactive workshop, faculty facilitators described a model for a CPD process applied to the development of an individual’s SoTL. During the workshop, participants were asked to complete the initial sections of the portfolio to develop a personal plan for success in the SoTL. Post workshop, an evaluation form was distributed to the participants to obtain feedback about the CPD approach. Completed evaluation forms were collected, collated, and summarized. Results: A total of 53 (14.1%) workshop participants completed the evaluation form of the 375 attendees. In all, 25 assistant professors, 14 associate professors, 4 full professors, 10 residents/students, 22 clinical, and 2 research faculty submitted evaluations. The proposed uses for the portfolio model selected most often by the responders were for personal development, faculty evaluation, increasing the SoTL, new faculty development, preceptor development, and residency training. Implications: A structured CPD portfolio model might be useful for the professional development of the SoTL.
Influence of the bucket geometry on the Pelton performance
Authors: Rossetti Antonio , Pavesi Giorgio , Cavazzini Giovanna , Santolin Alberto , Ardizzon Guido 
Published: October 2013

The increasing share of hydropower in world electricity production requires the development of standardized and optimized design procedures leading to increasingly higher efficiency values. To date, despite a certain amount of support from computational fluid dynamics, Pelton turbines are still characterized by semiempirical design criteria that do not make it possible to optimize the jet–bucket interaction in order to maximize turbine performance. Based on an analysis of particle flow tracks, this paper presents a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian method to investigate the influence of bucket geometry on the Pelton efficiency at two different operating conditions. Jet–bucket interaction was numerically analyzed by means of a traditional mesh-based numerical approach, using a transient multi-phase homogeneous model. Subsequently, the numerical results were integrated using a predictor–corrector algorithm, combining a fourth order Adams-Bashforth method as predictor and a fourth order Adams-Moulton method as corrector, in order to determine the fluid particle trajectories on the rotating buckets. The particle flow tracks were analyzed in detail to evaluate the single-particle performance in terms of discharged kinetic energy, momentum variation, and total energy variation during the jet–bucket interaction. Moreover, on the basis of the particle discharging position, the contribution of the different bucket areas to the total torque of the turbine was investigated to determine the time-depending influence of the bucket geometry on the turbine energy exchange and to suggest possible design solutions for improving bucket performance.
Healthcare professionals' perspectives on environmental sustainability
Authors: Dunphy Jillian L 
Published: October 2013

Background: Human health is dependent upon environmental sustainability. Many have argued that environmental sustainability advocacy and environmentally responsible healthcare practice are imperative healthcare actions. Research questions: What are the key obstacles to healthcare professionals supporting environmental sustainability? How may these obstacles be overcome? Research design: Data-driven thematic qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews identified common and pertinent themes, and differences between specific healthcare disciplines. Participants: A total of 64 healthcare professionals and academics from all states and territories of Australia, and multiple healthcare disciplines were recruited. Ethical considerations: Institutional ethics approval was obtained for data collection. Participants gave informed consent. All data were de-identified to protect participant anonymity. Findings: Qualitative analysis indicated that Australian healthcare professionals often take more action in their personal than professional lives to protect the environment, particularly those with strong professional identities. The healthcare sector’s focus on economic rationalism was a substantial barrier to environmentally responsible behaviour. Professionals also feared conflict and professional ostracism, and often did not feel qualified to take action. This led to healthcare professionals making inconsistent moral judgements, and feeling silenced and powerless. Constraints on non-clinical employees within and beyond the sector exacerbated these difficulties. Discussion: The findings are consistent with the literature reporting that organisational constraints, and strong social identification, can inhibit actions that align with personal values. This disparity can cause moral distress and residue, leading to feelings of powerlessness, resulting in less ethical behaviour. Conclusion: The data highlight a disparity between personal and professional actions to address environmental sustainability. Given the constraints Australian healthcare professionals encounter, they are unlikely to shift to environmentally responsible practice without support from institutions and professional associations. Professional development is required to support this endeavour. The poor transference of pro-ecological behaviour from one setting to another is likely to have international implications for healthcare practice.
Are community pharmacists equipped to ensure the safe use of oral anticancer therapy in the community setting? Results of a cross-country survey of community pharmacists in Canada
Authors: Abbott Rick , Edwards Scott , Whelan Maria , Edwards Jonathan , Dranitsaris George 
Published: October 2013

Purpose Oral anticancer agents offer significant benefits over parenteral anticancer therapy in terms of patient convenience and reduced intrusiveness. Oral anticancer agents give many cancer patients freedom from numerous hospital visits, allowing them to obtain their medications from their local community pharmacy. However, a major concern with increased use of oral anticancer agents is shift of responsibility in ensuring the proper use of anticancer agents from the hospital/clinical oncology team to the patient/caregiver and other healthcare providers such as the community pharmacists who may not be appropriately trained for this. This study assessed the readiness of community pharmacists across Canada to play this increased role with respect to oral anticancer agents. Methods Using a structured electronic mailing strategy, a standardized survey was mailed to practicing pharmacists in five provinces where community pharmacists were dispensing the majority of oral anticancer agents. In addition to collecting basic demographic and their practice setting, the survey assessed the pharmacists’ knowledge regarding cancer therapy and oral anticancer agents in particular, their education needs and access to resources on oral anticancer agents, the quality of prescriptions for oral anticancer agents received by them in terms of the required elements, their role in patient education, and steps to enhance patient and personal safety. Results There were 352 responses to the survey. Only 13.6% of respondents felt that they had received adequate oncology education at the undergraduate level and approximately 19% had attended a continuing education event related to oncology in the past 2 years. Only 24% of the pharmacists who responded were familiar with the common doses of oral anticancer agents and only 9% felt comfortable educating patients on these medications. Conclusions A substantial portion of community pharmacists in Canada lack a solid understanding of oral anticancer agents and thus are poorly equipped to play a major role in ensuring their appropriate use. More education and training on oral anticancer agents are urgently required.
The association between parental interaction style and children’s joint engagement in families with toddlers with autism
Authors: Patterson Stephanie Y , Elder Lauren , Gulsrud Amanda , Kasari Connie 
Published: October 2013

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between parental interaction style (responsive vs directive) and child-initiated joint engagement within caregiver–child interactions with toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Method: Videotaped interactions of 85 toddler–caregiver dyads were coded for child engagement and both parental responsiveness and directiveness. Results: Altogether, children spent less than one-third of the interaction jointly engaged. After controlling for child characteristics, parental style was associated with the initiator (child or parent) of joint engagement. Specifically, responsiveness predicted total time in child-initiated joint engagement, while directiveness predicted total time in parent-initiated joint engagement. Children’s social behaviours were associated with child-initiated joint engagement. Discussion: Social initiations are a key target for children with autism spectrum disorders. Results demonstrate that child initiations and global social behaviour ratings are associated with parental responsivity. Responsivity may be a critical factor to facilitate children’s initiations.
Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Scapulothoracic Bursectomy and Partial Superomedial Angle Scapulectomy
Authors: Tashjian Robert Z. , Granger Erin K. , Barney Jacob K. , Partridge Deveree R. 
Published: October 2013

Background: Arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy with partial superomedial angle scapulectomy has been described as a treatment for persistent scapulothoracic bursitis with varying results. Purpose: To evaluate patients after arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy utilizing validated functional outcome instruments. Study Design: Case series. Methods: Fifteen patients underwent arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy and partial superomedial angle scapulectomy. Thirteen patients were available for review at a mean 27-month follow-up (range, 13-65 months). Patients were evaluated preoperatively with a history, physical examination evaluating medial scapula border tenderness and crepitus, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the simple shoulder test (SST). Postoperatively, patients were evaluated with all preoperative questionnaires as well as a satisfaction survey and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Results: SST scores improved significantly from a mean 7.7 ± 3.1 preoperatively to 10.3 ± 2.3 postoperatively ( P = .03). VAS pain scores reduced significantly from 6.5 ± 2.2 preoperatively to 2.3 ± 2.4 postoperatively ( P < .001). Ninety-two percent (12/13) of patients were satisfied, and 92% (12/13) stated they would have the surgical procedure performed again. The mean ASES postoperative score was 80.1 (range, 38-100). The 2 clinical failures (ASES scores <50) had either a workers’ compensation claim with persistent medial border tenderness or ongoing rotator cuff disease. Despite lower ASES scores, these patients were still satisfied with the procedure and would undergo it again. Conclusion: Arthroscopic scapulothoracic bursectomy with partial superomedial angle scapulectomy provides significant improvements in pain and functional outcomes. Even in patients at risk for poorer clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction and willingness to undergo the surgical procedure again was still high.
Glycoengineered CD20 antibody obinutuzumab activates neutrophils and mediates phagocytosis through CD16B more efficiently than rituximab
Authors: Golay Josée , Da Roit Fabio , Bologna Luca , Ferrara Claudia , Leusen Jeanette H. , Rambaldi Alessandro , Klein Christian , Introna Martino 
Published: October 2013

Key PointsPhagocytosis of CLL targets by neutrophils is a novel mechanism of action of the glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab. This mechanism takes place in physiological conditions and requires CD16B and CD32A.
Genetic diversities of cytochrome B in Xinjiang Uyghur unveiled its origin and migration history
Authors: Ablimit Abdurahman , Qin Wenbei , Shan Wenjuan , Wu Weiwei , Ling Fengjun , Ling Kaitelynn H , Zhao Changjie , Zhang Fuchun , Ma Zhenghai , Zheng Xiufen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Uyghurs are one of the many populations of Central Eurasia that is considered to be genetically related to Eastern and Western Eurasian populations. However, there are some different opinions on the relative importance of the degree of Eastern and Western Eurasian genetic influence. In addition, the genetic diversity of the Uyghur in different geographic locations has not been clearly studied.

Results
In this study, we are the first to report on the DNA polymorphism of cytochrome B in the Uyghur population located in Xinjiang in northwest China. We observed a total of 102 mutant sites in the 240 samples that were studied. The average number of mutated nucleotides in the samples was 5.126. A total of 93 different haplotypes were observed. The gene diversity and discrimination power were 0.9480 and 0.9440, respectively. There were founder and bottleneck haplotypes observed in Xinjiang Uyghurs. Xinjiang Uyghurs are more genetically related to Chinese population in genetics than to Caucasians. Moreover, there was genetic diversity between Uyghurs from the southern and northern regions. There was significance in genetic distance between the southern Xinjiang Uyghurs and Chinese population, but not between the northern Xinjiang Uyghurs and Chinese. The European vs. East Asian contribution to the ten regional Uyghur groups varies among the groups and the European contribution to the Uyghur increases from north to south geographically.

Conclusion
This study is the first report on DNA polymorphisms of cytochrome B in the Uyghur population. The study also further confirms that there are significant genetic differences among the Uyghurs in different geographical locations.
Distribution of erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175) gene dimorphic alleles in Plasmodium falciparumfield isolates from Sudan
Authors: Adam Ahmed AM , Amine Ahmed AA , Hassan Dina A , Omer Waleed H , Nour Bakri Y , Jebakumar Arulanantham Zechariah , Ibrahim Muntaser E , Abdulhadi Nasreldin H , Mohamed Hiba S 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The Erythrocyte Binding Antigen (EBA) 175 has been considered as one of the most important Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) merozoite ligands that mediate invasion of the erythrocytes through their sialated receptor: Glycophorin A (GPA). The effect of the EBA 175 dimorphic alleles (F and C) on the severity of the disease is not yet fully understood. Therefore this study was designed to assess the distribution of the divergent dimorphic alleles of P. falciparum EBA-175 (F and C) in three different geographical areas in Sudan and the possible association of this dimorphism with the severity of the disease.

Methods
A sum of 339 field isolates of P. falciparum obtained from patients in three different geographical areas in Sudan were screened for the dimorphic alleles (F, C) of the EBA-175 using nested PCR.

Results
The percentage of F, C, and mixed F/C alleles were; 41%, 51%, and 8% respectively. F and C alleles showed significantly different distributions in the various geographic areas (p = 0.00). There was no significant association between malaria clinical manifestation and P. falciparum EBA-175 F and C alleles frequencies.

Conclusions
This study showed a significant differential distribution of F and C alleles in different geographical malaria endemic areas. No significant association was observed between F and C alleles and different malaria phenotypes.
Detection of malingering: psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the structured interview of reported symptoms-2
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Zhening , Chiu Helen FK , Carl Tam Wai-Cheong , Zhang Huiran , Wang Peng , Wu Guowei , Mwansisya Tumbewene E , Cao Longlong , Hu Aimin , Wang Yu , Xue Zhimin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Malingering detection has emerged as an important issue in clinical and forensic settings. The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms-2 (SIRS-2) was designed to assess the feigned symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical subjects. The aim of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of this scale.

Methods
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of SIRS-2. In Study one, with a simulation design, the subjects included a. 40 students asked to simulate symptoms of mental illness; b. 40 general psychiatric inpatients and c. 40 students asked to reply to questions honestly. Scales scores for feigning symptoms among three groups were carried out for discriminant validity of the Chinese Version of SIRS-2. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2) was administered in 80 undergraduate students. In Study two, with a known-groups comparison design, scales scores for feigning symptoms were compared between 20 suspected malingerers and 80 psychiatric outpatients from two forensic centers using the Chinese Version of SIRS-2.

Results
The Chinese Version of SIRS-2 demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency in both study one and two. In study one, criterion validity of this scale was supported by its significantly positive correlation with the MMPI-2 (r = 0.282 ~ 0.481 for Infrequency), and by its significantly negative correlation with the MMPI-2 (r = -0.255 ~ -0.519 for Lie and -0.205 ~ 0.391 for Correction). Scores of 10 out of 13 subscales of the Chinese Version of SIRS-2 for simulators were significantly higher than scores of honest students and general psychiatric patients. In study two, the mean scores of the Chinese Version of 13 subscales for suspected malingerers were significantly higher than those of psychiatric outpatients. For discriminant validity, it yielded a large effect size (d = 1.80) for the comparison of the participant groups in study one and two. Moreover, the sensitivity (proportion of malingerers accurately identified by the measure) and specificity (proportion of people accurately classified as responding honestly) of the Chinese version of SIRS-2 in the detection of malingering in these two studies are acceptable.

Conclusions
The Chinese version of the SIRS-2 has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for detection of malingering in Chinese populations.
Pituitary and adrenal involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with recovery of their function after chemotherapy
Authors: Nakashima Yasuhiro , Shiratsuchi Motoaki , Abe Ichiro , Matsuda Yayoi , Miyata Noriyuki , Ohno Hirofumi , Ikeda Motohiko , Matsushima Takamitsu , Nomura Masatoshi , Takayanagi Ryoichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma sometimes involves the endocrine organs, but involvement of both the pituitary and adrenal glands is extremely rare. Involvement of these structures can lead to hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency, and subsequent recovery of their function is rarely seen. The present report describes an extremely rare case of pituitary and adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency with subsequent recovery of pituitary and adrenal function after successful treatment of the lymphoma.Case presentationA 63-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to miosis, ptosis, hypohidrosis of his left face, polydipsia and polyuria.18F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography revealed hotspots in the pituitary gland, bilateral adrenal glands and the apex of his left lung. Surgical biopsy from the pituitary lesion confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with lymphoma cells replacing normal pituitary tissue. Endocrine function tests revealed adrenal insufficiency and panhypopituitarism, including a possible affection of the posterior pituitary. Hormone replacement therapy with desmopressin and hydrocortisone was started. Chemotherapy consisted of six courses of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone) and two courses of high-dose methotrexate followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Subsequently, his pituitary and bilateral adrenal lesions resolved, and serial endocrine function tests showed gradual improvement in pituitary and adrenal function.ConclusionsThe present report describes an extremely rare case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with involvement of both the pituitary and bilateral adrenal glands. R-CHOP and high-dose methotrexate therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was quite effective, and panhypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency improved to almost normal values after successful treatment of the lymphoma with chemotherapy.