bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
17β-Estradiol Increases Persistent Na+ Current and Excitability of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 Neurons in Female Mice
Authors: Zhang Chunguang , Bosch Martha A. , Qiu Jian , Rønnekleiv Oline K. , Kelly Martin J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn vitro slice studies have revealed that there are significant differences in the spontaneous firing activity between anteroventral periventricular/periventricular preoptic nucleus (AVPV/PeN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in females. Although both populations express similar endogenous conductances, we have discovered that AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons express a subthreshold, persistent sodium current (INaP) that dramatically alters their firing activity. Based on whole-cell recording of Kiss1-Cre-green fluorescent protein (GFP) neurons, INaP was 4-fold greater in AVPV/PeN vs ARC Kiss1 neurons. An LH surge-producing dose of 17β-estradiol (E2) that increased Kiss1 mRNA expression in the AVPV/PeN, also augmented INaP in AVPV/PeN neurons by 2-fold. Because the activation threshold for INaP was close to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons (−54 mV), it rendered them much more excitable and spontaneously active vs ARC Kiss1 neurons (RMP = −66 mV). Single-cell RT-PCR revealed that AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons expressed the requisite sodium channel α-subunit transcripts, NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6 and β subunits, β2 and β4. Importantly, NaV1.1α and -β2 transcripts in AVPV/PeN, but not ARC, were up-regulated 2- to 3-fold by a surge-producing dose of E2, similar to the transient calcium current channel subunit Cav3.1. The transient calcium current collaborates with INaP to generate burst firing, and selective blockade of INaP by riluzole significantly attenuated rebound burst firing and spontaneous activity. Therefore, INaP appears to play a prominent role in AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons to generate spontaneous, repetitive burst firing, which is required for the high-frequency-stimulated release of kisspeptin for exciting GnRH neurons and potentially generating the GnRH surge.
Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: De Block Petra , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Janssens Steven , Ochoterena Helga , Robbrecht Elmar , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis is the first phylogenetic study focused on the Pavetteae, one of the most species‐rich and morphologically diverse tribes within the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Fifteen of the 17 currently recognized genera, represented by 85 taxa, were sequenced for rps16, trnT‐F and ITS and analysed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The monophyly of the Pavetteae is confirmed. Four major lineages are identified, but their phylogenetic relationships are not fully resolved. The continental African genera Rutidea, Nichallea and Tennantia, the Madagascan genera Homollea and Robbrechtia, and the paleotropical genus Pavetta are monophyletic. Other genera are paraphyletic in their current circumscriptions and the following changes are made: Homolliella is placed in synonymy with Paracephaelis, and Coleactina and Dictyandra with Leptactina , resulting in four new combinations. The large paleotropical genus Tarenna is shown not to be monophyletic. In the future, the name Tarenna should not be used for continental African species. Most of these could be transferred to the hitherto monospecific genus Cladoceras, but other species might constitute altogether new genera. The relationship between the monophyletic Asian‐Pacific and Madagascan Tarenna species remains unclear. The phylogeny of the Madagascan genera of the Pavetteae is largely unresolved and the largest Madagascar‐centred genus Coptosperma was not recovered as monophyletic. The low resolution for the Madagascan taxa can be considered as an indication of rapid radiation. Further molecular and morphological studies are necessary to clarify the phylogeny of the Pavetteae, especially regarding the African Tarenna species and the Madagascan genera of the tribe.
Human Capital and Labor Productivity in North Caucasian Federal District of Russia
Authors: Комарова  , Komarova Anna , Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr 
Published: March 2015

A technique based on Russia regions’ economic development analysis (on the
example of human capital and labor productivity in the North Caucasian Federal
District of Russia) by means of creation of econometric models related to labor
productivity in regions of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia has
been realized. It has been shown that such a factor as an employed population’s
education level is the important one in determining the labor productivity in the
regions of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia.
Human Capital Influence on Labor Productivity in Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Комарова  , Komarova Anna 
Published: March 2015

A technique based on development of econometric models related to labor
productivity in regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia has been
realized. It has been shown that such a factor as an employed population’s
education level is the important one in determining the labor productivity in the
regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia.
Production and Sales’ Volume Planning Based on Marginal Data Analysis
Authors: Аверина  , Averina Tatyana 
Published: March 2015

Logical and convenient methods of economic theory often remain unclaimed in
the area of management accounting and analysis. For example an obstacle to
the use of marginal revenue and marginal cost comparison method may be
difficulties associated with the assembly of these indicators’ equations. This
paper contains an example of using regression analysis for separation the cost
related to constant and variable components, for assembly of marginal data
equations in order to determine the optimum volume of output.
Early surveillance of ceramic-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hill J. C. , Diamond O. J. , O’Brien S. , Boldt J. G. , Stevenson M. , Beverland D. E. 
Published: March 2015

Ceramic-on-metal (CoM) is a relatively new bearing combination for total hip arthroplasty (THA) with few reported outcomes. A total of 287 CoM THAs were carried out in 271 patients (mean age 55.6 years (20 to 77), 150 THAs in female patients, 137 in male) under the care of a single surgeon between October 2007 and October 2009. With the issues surrounding metal-on-metal bearings the decision was taken to review these patients between March and November 2011, at a mean follow-up of 34 months (23 to 45) and to record pain, outcome scores, radiological analysis and blood ion levels. The mean Oxford Hip Score was 19.2 (12 to 53), 254 patients with 268 hips (95%) had mild/very mild/no pain, the mean angle of inclination of the acetabular component was 44.8o(28oto 63o), 82 stems (29%) had evidence of radiolucent lines of > 1 mm in at least one Gruen zone and the median levels of cobalt and chromium ions in the blood were 0.83 μg/L (0.24 μg/L to 27.56 μg/L) and 0.78 μg/L (0.21 μg/L to 8.84 μg/L), respectively. The five-year survival rate is 96.9% (95% confidence interval 94.7% to 99%).Due to the presence of radiolucent lines and the higher than expected levels of metal ions in the blood, we would not recommend the use of CoM THA without further long-term follow-up. We plan to monitor all these patients regularly.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:300–5.
Ultrasound-guided gradual reduction using flexion and abduction continuous traction for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Fukiage K. , Futami T. , Ogi Y. , Harada Y. , Shimozono F. , Kashiwagi N. , Takase T. , Suzuki S. 
Published: March 2015

We describe our experience in the reduction of dislocation of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia using ultrasound-guided gradual reduction using flexion and abduction continuous traction (FACT-R). During a period of 13 years we treated 208 Suzuki type B or C complete dislocations of the hip in 202 children with a mean age of four months (0 to 11). The mean follow-up was 9.1 years (five to 16). The rate of reduction was 99.0%. There were no recurrent dislocations, and the rate of avascular necrosis of the femoral head was 1.0%. The rate of secondary surgery for residual acetabular dysplasia was 19.2%, and this was significantly higher in those children in whom the initial treatment was delayed or if other previous treatments had failed (p = 0.00045). The duration of FACT-R was significantly longer in severe dislocations (p = 0.001) or if previous treatments had failed (p = 0.018). This new method of treatment is effective and safe in these difficult cases and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of standard methods. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:405–11.
The effect of severing a normal S1 nerve root to use for reconstruction of an avulsed contralateral lumbosacral plexus
Authors: Zhu L. , F. Zhang  , Yang D. , Chen A. 
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the intact S1 nerve root as a donor nerve to repair an avulsion of the contralateral lumbosacral plexus. Two cohorts of patients were recruited. In cohort 1, the L4–S4 nerve roots of 15 patients with a unilateral fracture of the sacrum and sacral nerve injury were stimulated during surgery to establish the precise functional distribution of the S1 nerve root and its proportional contribution to individual muscles. In cohort 2, the contralateral uninjured S1 nerve root of six patients with a unilateral lumbosacral plexus avulsion was transected extradurally and used with a 25 cm segment of the common peroneal nerve from the injured leg to reconstruct the avulsed plexus. The results from cohort 1 showed that the innervation of S1 in each muscle can be compensated for by L4, L5, S2 and S3. Numbness in the toes and a reduction in strength were found after surgery in cohort 2, but these symptoms gradually disappeared and strength recovered. The results of electrophysiological studies of the donor limb were generally normal. Severing the S1 nerve root does not appear to damage the healthy limb as far as clinical assessment and electrophysiological testing can determine. Consequently, the S1 nerve can be considered to be a suitable donor nerve for reconstruction of an avulsed contralateral lumbosacral plexus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:358–65.
Recovery of health-related quality of life in a United Kingdom hip fracture population
Authors: Griffin X. L. , Parsons N. , Achten J. , Fernandez M. , Costa M. L. 
Published: March 2015

Hip fracture is a global public health problem. The National Hip Fracture Database provides a framework for service evaluation in this group of patients in the United Kingdom, but does not collect patient-reported outcome data and is unable to provide meaningful data about the recovery of quality of life. We report one-year patient-reported outcomes of a prospective cohort of patients treated at a single major trauma centre in the United Kingdom who sustained a hip fracture between January 2012 and March 2014. There was an initial marked decline in quality of life from baseline measured using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions score (EQ-5D). It was followed by a significant improvement to 120 days for all patients. Although their quality of life improved during the year after the fracture, it was still significantly lower than before injury irrespective of age group or cognitive impairment (mean reduction EQ-5D 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 0.26). There was strong evidence that quality of life was lower for patients with cognitive impairment. There was a mean reduction in EQ-5D of 0.28 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.35) in patients < 80 years of age. This difference was consistent (and fixed) throughout follow-up. Quality of life does not improve significantly during recovery from hip fracture in patients over 80 years of age (p = 0.928). Secondary measures of function showed similar trends. Hip fracture marks a step down in the quality of life of a patient: it accounts for approximately 0.22 disability adjusted life years in the first year after fracture. This is equivalent to serious neurological conditions for which extensive funding for research and treatment is made available. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:372–82.
Impact of Leading Presenting Symptoms on the Diagnostic Performance of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and on Outcomes in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Biener Moritz , Mueller Matthias , Vafaie Mehrshad , Katus Hugo A , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Diagnostic performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) varies depending on presenting symptoms in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODS
We compared performance measures of hs-cTnT among patients admitted to the emergency department with typical chest pain (angina), dyspnea, and atypical symptoms and assessed outcomes by leading presenting symptoms.

RESULTS
A total of 658 patients suspected of ACS and presenting with typical chest pain (n = 241, 36.6%), dyspnea (n = 142, 21.6%), or atypical symptoms (n = 275, 41.8%) were included. Diagnostic accuracy of hs-cTnT on admission was higher among patients with typical chest pain compared to those with atypical symptoms [area under the curve (AUC) 0.823 vs AUC 0.776 vs AUC 0.705, P &gt; 0.05 and P = 0.04]. Absolute concentration changes within 6 h improved accuracy among all subgroups, with the smallest added benefit in typical chest pain and dyspnea (ΔAUC, 0.078; P = 0.02 and 0.05, P &gt; 0.05). During 1-year follow-up, dyspnea was associated with a higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.26–4.43, P = 0.008) and death/AMI (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.21–4.11, P = 0.01) compared to typical chest pain. Optimal discriminating values for hs-cTnT were higher among patients presenting with dyspnea compared to those with typical chest pain (91.2 vs 14.1 ng/L, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSION
The diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT in patients with suspected ACS depends on the leading presenting symptom. Patients admitted with dyspnea represent a high-risk cohort in which the diagnosis of ACS is less frequent and with inferior performance of serial hs-cTnT measurements. Higher hs-cTnT cutoffs at baseline and absolute changes after 6 h help to identify non-STEMI (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) in this population.
Book Reviews
Authors: Senff Sarah , Lazaroo Natalie , Glass Penelope 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Staging Social Justice: Collaborating to Create Activist Theatre, edited by Norma Bowles and Daniel-Raymond Nadon (2013) Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 328 pp. ISBN 0 8093 3238 8, p/bk, $35.00.
‘We’re People Who Do Shows’: Back to Back Theatre – Performance Politics Visibility, edited by Helena Grehan and Peter Eckersall (2013) Aberystwyth: Performance Research Books, ISBN 9 7819 0649 9037, 288 pp., p/bk, $86
Theatre of Good Intentions: Challenges and Hopes for Theatre and Social Change by Dani Snyder-Young (2013) Palgrave Macmillan, New York, ISBN 9 7811 3729 3022, Ebook, US$78.85
A collaborative study on social transformation: Educational Volunteers Foundation of Turkey and Oluşum Drama Institute
Authors: Özbek Gökçen , Aslan Naci , Söken Ali 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Educational Volunteers Foundation of Turkey (TEGV) was founded with the aim of supporting the primary education provided by the government. One of the main objectives of TEGV is to create and implement educational programmes and extracurricular activities for socially/economically disadvantaged children, so they can acquire skills, knowledge and attitudes to support their development while learning to resist any kind of discrimination. In 2003, considering the aims of the foundation and the outcomes of the drama education, a collaboration was established between TEGV and Oluşum Drama Institute (ODI). A ten-week drama programme was developed with the aim of helping children to acquire basic personal skills such as self-confidence, empathy, self-development and creativity. This ongoing programme is being assessed at the end of every term, and revision is being conducted according to the results and the feedback. The results gathered from different locations reveal that the drama programme is successfully reaching its goals.
Education through theatre: Typologies of Science Theatre
Authors: Chemi Tatiana , Kastberg Peter 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Theatre, with its borderline praxis between entertainment and reflection, offers a precious opportunity to deliver difficult scientific or social issues within scientific dilemmas to all kinds of target groups, such as youngsters. But what makes Science Theatre an obvious choice for communicating natural science issues and dilemmas? What lies beneath this label? Is this concept at all new? The research agenda of the present article is centred on exploring the multifaceted phenomenon of Science Theatre. As a unifying device, we propose to approach Science Theatre from the point of view of communication theory. This allows us to transform the amorphous matter of the wide variety of Science Theatre performances into analytically manageable prototypes, as well as providing a robust base for exploring the affordances of different types of Science Theatre.
Public-Private Partnership as a Path to Affordable Healthcare in Emerging Markets
Authors: Chou Jacquelyn W. , Lakdawalla Darius N. , Vanderpuye-Orgle Jacqueline 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have experienced tremendous economic and health gains in recent decades. Two of the major health challenges faced by the BRICS and other low and middle income countries are decreasing inequity in health outcomes and increasing affordability of health insurance. One fiscally sustainable option for the BRICS governments is a public subsidy system for private health insurance plans. This essay lays out the potential applicability and impacts of public subsidies for private health insurance plans, as well as opportunities and challenges for implementation, in the BRICS countries. Overall, providing public subsidies rather than health insurance would enable the BRICS governments to avoid the open-ended financial liabilities that have plagued advanced economies, while still expanding access to health insurance and encouraging the develoment of a robust private health insurance market. We conclude by suggesting an array of pilot programs that could serve as the seeds for publicly subsidized health insurance schemes within the BRICS markets.
Ein vereinfachter optischer Aufbau für den Autofokus eines Mikroskops mittels einer verstellbaren Linse
Authors: Müller Thomas , Pösch Andreas , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: March 2015

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Inspektion von Oberflächen mittels Lichtmikroskopie muss auf die korrekte Bauteilpositionierung geachtet werden, da Mikroskope meist nur einen sehr geringen Schärfentiefebereich aufweisen. Bauteile mit gekrümmten Oberflächen erfordern stets eine Fokussierung, damit sich scharfe Abbildungen ergeben. Dieser Artikel stellt eine vereinfachte Möglichkeit zur Fokussierung bei mikroskopischen Messungen dar. Der vorgeschlagene Aufbau benötigt lediglich ein Mikroskopobjektiv, eine Linse mit konstanter Brennweite und eine Linse mit variabler Brennweite. Durch diesen Aufbau lässt sich die axiale Fokusposition gezielt verändern. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie sich durch korrekte Platzierung der Komponenten ein konstanter Abbildungsmaßstab und Gesichtsfeld bei der axialen Fokusverschiebung erreichen lassen. Außerdem werden verschiedene Algorithmen zur automatisierten Fokussierung in Zusammenhang mit dem vorgeschlagenen Aufbau an mikrostrukturierten Oberflächen evaluiert.
Über die Störstellen- und Eigenhalbleitung intermetallischer Verbindungen
Authors: Justi E. , Lautz G. 
Published: March 2015

Im Gegensatz zu den allgemein bekannten Widerstandsminima bei den Überstrukturen der Edelmetallegierungen zeigen sich im System Cd—Sb bei den intermetallischen Verbindungen sehr hohe Maxima des elektrischen Widerstandes. Dieser Effekt wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit hinsichtlich seiner Strukturabhängigkeit experimentell und theoretisch näher untersucht. Dabei ergibt sich, daß beim CdSb die Brillouin-Zonen mit Elektronen gerade voll aufgefüllt sind, so daß reinstes und stöchiometrisch zusammengesetztes CdSb als echter Eigenhalbleiter aufgefaßt werden kann.
Durch geringe Zusätze anderer Metalle zu CdSb können Störstellenhalbleiter erzeugt werden, deren Widerstandsverhalten bei Zimmertemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung näher untersucht wird. Die möglichen Fälle einer Überschuß- und Mangelhalbleitung werden im Anschluß an die theoretischen Erkenntnisse über die Brillouin-Zonenstruktur eingehend diskutiert.
Dieser vollständig neue Halbleitertyp zeigt eine Reihe besonderer Eigenschaften, die ihn von den bisher bekannten Halbleiterarten unterscheiden. So zeigt die elektrische Leitfähigkeit am Schmelzpunkt eine sprunghafte Verbesserung, wie sie im Rahmen unserer theoretischen Deutung zu erwarten ist. Durch einen Überschuß der einen oder anderen Metallkomponente wird beim CdSb in jedem Fall ein Überschußleiter erzeugt.
Die theoretische Deutung aller Effekte ist nur unter besonderen Annahmen über die bisher nicht ausreichend bekannte Kristallstruktur möglich. Da die erforderlichen Voraussetzungen mit den bekannten Strukturuntersuchungen verträglich sind und zudem die beobachteten elektrischen Anomalien erklären können, ist an ihrer grundsätzlichen Gültigkeit nicht zu zweifeln.
Schließlich wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf die Effekte beim CdSb hingewiesen, die sich durch das Auftreten einer metastabilen Verbindung Cd3Sb2 ergeben. Je nach der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit der geschmolzenen Legierungen erhält man einen verschieden hohen Anteil des Cd3Sb2 mit heterogen ausgeschiedenem Sb. Aus diesem Grunde werden für die Herstellung der Legierungen besondere Methoden angegeben.
Vergleich solarer Erscheinungen mit der Veränderlichkeit von Sternen in Gasnebeln
Authors: Binge Hans-Jost 
Published: March 2015

Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen über die RW Aurigae-Veränderlichen machen es wahrscheinlich, daß diese Sterne einen sonnenähnlichen Charakter haben. Dadurch liegt es nahe, die Besonderheiten dieser Sterne durch eine der Fleckenaktivität der Sonne analoge, aber viel stärkere Erscheinung zu erklären. Es wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, daß die Beobachtungen sich dadurch gut verstehen lassen.
Im Anschluß daran wird versucht, die Aktivität der Sonne durch äußere Einflüsse, wie sie für die RW Aurigae-Sterne angenommen werden, auf mechanischem Wege zu erklären.
Das Raman-Spektrum des p-Benzochinons
Authors: Stammreich H. , Forneris Roberto 
Published: March 2015

Es wird das Raman-Spektrum des p-Benzochinons, das durch Erregung mit He 5875,6 Å erhalten wurde, mitgeteilt. Die gefundenen Werte werden mit denen eines unvollständigen Spektrums, das von Kohlrausch und Mitarb.1 veröffentlicht wurde, verglichen.
Im Bereich der Doppelbindungs-Frequenzen wird nur eine Schwingung gefunden, deren Zuordnung diskutiert wird. Sie wird der Carbonylgruppe zugeschrieben; die der Kohlenstoff-Doppelbindung entsprechende Frequenz fehlt.
Es werden ferner allgemeine Angaben über die experimentelle Technik der Raman-Spektroskopie im langwelligen Spektralgebiet und die hier auftretenden Schwierigkeiten gemacht.