bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Interfaces in Enabling Transformational Systems Engineering
Authors: Sawyer George 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTYears ago, Eberhardt Rechtin and Mark Maier observed that “the greatest leverage in [systems] architecting is at the interfaces,” meaning that interfaces are the key to managing complexity and reusing existing entities in a new or revised system. The extension of this observation is that interfaces are also the greatest leverage in the systems development process itself, thus permitting customization of these processes to the unique aspects of the system‐to‐be. Instead of tailoring down a single monolithic systems development process, it may be more advantageous to constructively define a custom process by connecting the defined interfaces of development practices. Evolving systems development methods such as agile systems engineering and design thinking provides a pallet of practices for augmenting or hybridizing classical systems engineering. However effectively aggregating these practices into a cohesive and effective method presents its own set of challenges. A “plug and play” approach to combining methods is a conceptually attractive approach to the challenge of effectively combining practices. However, past experience shows that engineering plug and play architecture for custom systems development is not a trivial process and requires careful design of the interfaces supporting the interconnecting of parts into a useful whole. To enable “fully digital systems development,” these interfaces must also be well‐defined and realizable by engineering tools — abstract and conceptual process definitions will not support this concept. This paper examines the role of interfaces in leveraging existing or new systems development practices and outlines the activities and challenges associated with this undertaking.
An Architectural Patterns Library to aid Systems of Systems Engineering
Authors: Deiotte Ray 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSystems of Systems (SoS) are rapidly coming to dominate the engineering landscape. However, there are no structures or formalisms for their design, development, adoption, operation, and management. In other words, nearly every SoS Engineering (SoSE) project is a new work, building from the ground up, relying upon foundations built before, but not shared with the larger community. They remain unshared, not because of a lack of willingness, rather because there is no effective mechanism to share information on SoS without revealing proprietary information or trade secrets. In an effort to advance the science and art of SoSE and provide a mechanism for sharing information without infringing on propriety, we introduce the concept of SoS patterns, a SoS pattern library and propose to share it with the community. Rather than taking a purely theoretical view of SoS patterns (which is necessary), we provide a more pragmatic approach: building patterns from experience, providing helpful tools now while refining the generic, nominal patterns. We find that this approach provides not only an incremental, near‐term benefit, but also provides decision makers the information and evidence to assess risk and make informed decisions. In this paper, we describe a brief history of patterns, discuss their applicability and usefulness to the SoS problem, the components of a pattern and provide an example and vision for an open library of patterns for use by, and contribution from, the SoS community at large.
What Every Systems Engineer Needs to Understand about Business Models
Authors: Amon Lee 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPractitioners of systems engineering are facing challenges as daunting as any seen in the history of the field. In order to respond to these challenges effectively, and to leverage all the benefits possible from transformational systems engineering techniques, the Transformation Caucus believes that systems engineers must be part of the decision process at the business level. This paper discusses and examines several business models and the impacts of the business model chosen on the effectiveness of transformational systems engineering techniques.
Replicating the Results in ‘A New Model of Trend Inflation’ Using Particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Nonejad Nima 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAn article by Chan et al. () published in the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics introduces a new model for trend inflation. They allow the trend inflation to evolve according to a bounded random walk. In order to draw the latent states from their respective conditional posteriors, they use accept–reject Metropolis–Hastings procedures. We reproduce their results using particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC), which approaches drawing the latent states from a different technical point of view by relying on combining Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods. To conclude: we are able to reproduce the results of Chan et al. (). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic elution process design space development for the purification of saponins in Panax notoginseng extract using a probability‐based approach
Authors: Chen Teng , Gong Xingchu , Chen Huali , Zhang Ying , Qu Haibin 
Published: November 2015

A Monte Carlo method was used to develop the design space of a chromatographic elution process for the purification of saponins in Panax notoginseng extract. During this process, saponin recovery ratios, saponin purity, and elution productivity are determined as process critical quality attributes, and ethanol concentration, elution rate, and elution volume are identified as critical process parameters. Quadratic equations between process critical quality attributes and critical process parameters were established using response surface methodology. Then probability‐based design space was computed by calculating the prediction errors using Monte Carlo simulations. The influences of calculation parameters on computation results were investigated. The optimized calculation condition was as follows: calculation step length of 0.02, simulation times of 10 000, and a significance level value of 0.15 for adding or removing terms in a stepwise regression. Recommended normal operation region is located in ethanol concentration of 65.0–70.0%, elution rate of 1.7–2.0 bed volumes (BV)/h and elution volume of 3.0–3.6 BV. Verification experiments were carried out and the experimental values were in a good agreement with the predicted values. The application of present method is promising to develop a probability‐based design space for other botanical drug manufacturing process.
Numerical methods for nanophotonics: standard problems and future challenges
Authors: Gallinet Benjamin , Butet Jérémy , Martin Olivier J. F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNanoscale photonic systems involve a broad variety of light–matter interaction regimes beyond the diffraction limit and have opened the path for a variety of application opportunities in sensing, solid‐state lighting, light harvesting, and optical signal processing. The need for numerical modeling is central for the understanding, control, and design of plasmonic and photonic nanostructures. Recently, the increasing sophistication of nanophotonic systems and processes, ranging from simple plasmonic nanostructures to multiscale and complex photonic devices, has been calling for highly efficient numerical simulation tools. This article reviews the state of the art in numerical methods for nanophotonics and describes which method is the best suited for specific problems. The widespread approaches derived from classical electrodynamics such as finite differences in time domain, finite elements, surface integral, volume integral, and hybrid methods are reviewed and illustrated by application examples. Their potential for efficient simulation of nanophotonic systems, such as those involving light propagation, localization, scattering, or multiphysical systems is assessed. The numerical modeling of complex systems including nonlinearity, nonlocal and quantum effects as well as new materials such as graphene is discussed in the perspective of actual and future challenges for computational nanophotonics.
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Thermo‐Induced Double Phase Transition Behavior of Physically Cross‐Linked Hydrogels Based on Oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates
Authors: Xia Mengge , Cheng Yanhua , Theato Patrick , Zhu Meifang 
Published: November 2015

Double thermosensitive clay/P(MEO2MA‐co‐POEGMA) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels are prepared by in situ free radical polymerization of 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) in the presence of physical cross‐linker clay. The temperature‐induced phase transition behavior of NC hydrogels is investigated by turbidity, temperature dependent nuclear magnetic resonance, and variable temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 2D infrared analysis is employed to study the sequential order of changes of all groups in NC hydrogels during the heating and cooling process. The obtained novel clay/P(MEO2MA‐co‐POEGMA) NC hydrogels exhibit an unusual thermally induced multistep aggregation process and successively undergo three consecutive microstructural changes: “loose clay/polymer microaggregation ↔ homogeneous network structure ↔ dense clay/polymer macroaggregation.” Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements show similar results of the NC nanogel at the same temperature regions, confirming the three consecutive microstructural changes. This new generation of thermosensitive hydrogel offers promising potential for applications as smart devices, biomedical materials, and drug carriers.
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How Do Price Perceptions of Different Brand Types Affect Shopping Value and Store Loyalty?
Authors: Diallo Mbaye Fall , Coutelle‐Brillet Patricia , Rivière Arnaud , Zielke Stephan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the relationships among price perceptions for different brand types (national brands, standard store brands, regional store brands, organic store brands), shopping value dimensions (quality, price, social, and emotion value), and store loyalty (retention and word of mouth (WOM)). A comprehensive model depicts determinants of customer store loyalty. Using structural equation modeling, the model test includes 671 consumers intercepted during shopping trips. The data analysis yields several surprising results. In particular, low product price perceptions do not necessarily signal negative store quality evaluations. Shopping value dimensions influence store retention loyalty and WOM behavior differently. Furthermore, different brand types exert distinct effects on the value creation process. Favorable prices for national and standard store brands have comparable positive effects on store price value and emotional value creation; appealing prices of regional store brands instead reduce the emotional value of the store, and low prices for organic store brand products significantly increase social value creation.
The chemopreventive activity of butyrate‐containing structured lipids in experimental rat hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Heidor Renato , de Conti Aline , Ortega Juliana F. , Furtado Kelly S. , Silva Roberta C. , Tavares Paulo E. L. M. , Purgatto Eduardo , Ract Juliana N. R. , de Paiva Sérgio A. R. , Gioielli Luiz A. , Pogribny Igor P. , Moreno Fernando S. 
Published: November 2015

ScopeEmerging evidence indicates that the use of bioactive food components is a promising strategy to prevent the development of liver cancer. The goal of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effect of butyrate‐containing structured lipids (STLs) produced by an enzymatic interesterification of tributyrin and flaxseed oil on rat hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods and resultsMale Wistar rats were subjected to a classic “resistant hepatocyte” model of liver carcinogenesis and treated with STLs, tributyrin or flaxseed oil during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis. Treatment with STLs and tributyrin strongly inhibited the development of preneoplastic liver lesions. The chemopreventive activity of tributyrin was associated with the induction of apoptosis and reduction of the expression of major activated hepatocarcinogenesis‐related oncogenes. Treatment with STLs caused substantially greater inhibitory effects than tributyrin on oncogene expression.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the tumor‐suppressing activity of butyrate‐containing STLs is associated with its ability to prevent and inhibit activation of major hepatocarcinogenesis‐related oncogenes. Enrichment of histone H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 at the promoter of Myc and Ccnd1 genes may be related to the inhibitory effect on oncogene expression in the livers of STL‐treated rats.
Nurses’ Role in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management in People with Inflammatory Arthritis: A European Perspective
Authors: Primdahl Jette , Ferreira Ricardo J. O. , Garcia‐Diaz Silvia , Ndosi Mwidimi , Palmer Deborah , van Eijk‐Hustings Yvonne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment and management in patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) is recommended but European nurses’ involvement in this role has not been well studied.AimThe aim of the present study was to explore European nurses’ role in assessing and managing CVR, in order to suggest topics for practice development and research in this area regarding persons with IA.MethodsWe searched Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane, PsycInfo and PubMed databases and included European articles from the past ten years if they described how nurses assess and/or manage CVR. In addition to the systematic review, we provided case studies from five different countries to illustrate national guidelines and nurses’ role regarding CVR assessment and management in patients with IA.ResultsThirty‐three articles were included. We found that trained nurses were undertaking CVR assessment and management in different settings and groups of patients. The assessments include blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, glucose and lipid‐profile, adherence to medication and behavioural risk factors (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol and smoking). Different tools were used to calculate patients’ risk. Risk management differed from brief advice to long‐term follow‐up. Nurses tended to take a holistic and individually tailored approach. Clinical examples of inclusion of rheumatology nurses in these tasks were scarce.ConclusionNurses undertake CVR assessment, communication and management in different types of patients. This is considered to be a highly relevant task for rheumatology nursing, especially in patients with IA. Further studies are needed to assess patients’ perspective, effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of nurse‐led CVR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils
Authors: Xie Kang‐He , Xia Chang‐Qing , An Ran , Ying Hong‐Wei , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe governing equations for one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils under time‐dependent loading are established. Using simplified k‐σ′ and mv‐σ′ models, n‐layered structured soils are transformed into (n + 1) or (n + 2)‐layered soils in which the thickness of upper and lower layers are gradually changing. The approximate solutions for the governing equations are then obtained under two types of boundary conditions, and the computer program is developed. Based on the solutions and computer program, the consolidation behavior of layered structured soils with soft interlayer is studied. It is shown that the permeability and compressibility of the soft interlayer have the greatest influences on the rate of settlement and rate of the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and experimental characterization of a FEM element assembly for the simulation of very compliant knitted mesh
Authors: Valentini Pier Paolo , Falcone Michele , Marotta Emanule , Pennestrì Ettore , Salvini Pietro 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe paper deals with the description, development and validation of an equivalent FEM element assembly suitable for the simulation of very compliant knitted meshes, like those used in elastic coatings, deployable antennas, medical applications and similar. The assembly is based on a network of lumped springs able to reproduce the orthotropic behaviour of the mesh when stretched along two directions. The parameters of the model have been identified by experimental tests using a dedicated biaxial testing device. The effectiveness of the modelling technique has been validated under two test settings, providing in‐plane or out‐of‐plane displacements. For deformations up to 50%, the differences observed between experiments and numerical results are bounded below 6%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POD‐based model reduction with empirical interpolation applied to nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Radermacher Annika , Reese Stefanie 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe constantly rising demands on finite element simulations yield numerical models with increasing number of degrees‐of‐freedom. Due to nonlinearity, be it in the material model or of geometrical nature, the computational effort increases even further. For these reasons, it is today still not possible to run such complex simulations in real time parallel to, for example, an experiment or an application. Model reduction techniques such as the proper orthogonal decomposition method have been developed to reduce the computational effort while maintaining high accuracy. Nonetheless, this approach shows a limited reduction in computational time for nonlinear problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to overcome this limitation by using an additional empirical interpolation. The concept of the so‐called discrete empirical interpolation method is translated to problems of solid mechanics with soft nonlinear elasticity and large deformations. The key point of the presented method is a further reduction of the nonlinear term by an empirical interpolation based on a small number of interpolation indices. The method is implemented into the finite element method in two different ways, and it is extended by using different solution strategies including a numerical as well as a quasi‐Newton tangent. The new method is successfully applied to two numerical examples concerning hyperelastic as well as viscoelastic material behavior. Using the extended discrete empirical interpolation method combined with a quasi‐Newton tangent enables reductions in computational time of factor 10 with respect to the proper orthogonal decomposition method without empirical interpolation. Negligibly, orders of error can be reached. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review on Greener and Safer Synthesis of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Badgujar Dilip M. , Talawar Mahadev B. , Mahulikar Pramod P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe review describes the recent developments in the green synthetic methods of nitro compounds involving environmentally benign approaches such as, use of solid‐supported reagents, microwave‐assisted reactions, ionic liquids, ultrasound assisted nitration reactions, gas phase nitration and vapor phase nitration.
The Effect of RDX Crystal Defect Structure on Mechanical Response of a Polymer‐Bonded Explosive
Authors: Bouma Richard H. B. , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn explosive composition, derived from AFX‐757, was systematically varied by using three different qualities of Class I RDX. The effect of internal defect structure of the RDX crystal on the shock sensitivity of a polymer bonded explosive is generally accepted (Doherty and Watt, 2008). Here the response to a mechanical non‐shock stimulus is studied using an explosion‐driven deformation test as well as the ballistic impact chamber. No correlation between RDX crystal quality and deformation sensitivity is observed. The DDT behavior (Deflagration to Detonation Transition) of the three plastic bonded explosives, although similar in composition, is distinct regarding the rate of diameter increase in the explosion‐driven deformation test. Recovered polymer bonded explosive from the explosion‐driven deformation test responds equally fast or slower in the ballistic impact chamber. Based on our experimental results the shear rate threshold as a single parameter describing mechanical sensitivity is challenged, and preference is given to the development of an ignition criterion based on inter‐granular sliding friction under the action of a normal pressure.
Self‐consistent hybridization expansions for static properties of the Anderson impurity model
Authors: Hamad Ignacio J. , Roura‐Bas Pablo , Aligia Armando A. , Anda Enrique V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBuilding an effective Hamiltonian utilizing a projector‐operator procedure, we derive an approximation based on a self‐consistent hybridization expansion to study the ground state properties of the Anderson impurity model. We applied the approximation to the general case of finite Coulomb repulsion U, extending previous work with the same formalism in the infinite‐U case. The ground state energy and their related zero temperature properties are accurately obtained in the case in which U is large enough, but still finite, as compared with the rest of energy scales involved in the model. The results for the valence of the impurity are compared with exact results that we obtain from equations derived using the Bethe ansatz and with a perturbative approach. The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility is also compared with Bethe ansatz results. In order to do this comparison, we also show how to regularize the Bethe ansatz integral equations necessary to calculate the impurity valence, for arbitrary values of the parameters.
Effect of external pressure on the normal and superconducting properties of high‐ cuprates
Authors: Sidorov K. A. , Gavrichkov V. A. , Nikolaev S. V. , Pchelkina Z. V. , Ovchinnikov S. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe pressure effects on the normal state electronic structure, the superexchange interaction, and the critical temperature of d‐type superconductivity mediated by magnetic pairing have been studied within the multielectron hybrid scheme LDA+GTB that takes into account electron correlations in planes. We have found the changes of the multiband p–d model parameters at 3% compression of different symmetry: (i) hydrostatic, (ii) along the c‐axis, and (iii) in a–b plane. We have studied the changes of the Fermi surface under external pressure for different hole doping concentration x. In general, this effect is too small except two critical concentrations and where the Lifshitz transitions occur with the change of the Fermi surface topology. In the vicinity of the critical concentration, we have found the giant change of the Fermi surface area up to 100% related to the pressure‐induced Lifshitz transition. The effects of pressure on the antiferromagnetic coupling J and the mean‐field value of are obtained in a good agreement to experimental data.