bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up and clinical significance of unsatisfactory liquid‐based Papanicolaou tests
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , Buist Diana S.M. , Peterson Daniel , Kamineni Aruna , Weinmann Sheila , Ross Tyler , Williams Andrew E. , Stark Azadeh , Adams Kenneth F. , Doubeni Chyke A. , Field Terry S. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined adherence to recommended guidelines for follow‐up and outcomes after an unsatisfactory Papanicolaou (Pap) test (UPT) with liquid‐based technologies.METHODSWithin 4 US health plans, the median time to follow‐up and the percentage of patients with follow‐up testing by 120 days was calculated after a UPT. Multivariable analyses evaluated the association between clinical factors and follow‐up testing. The authors compared the risk of a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of type 2 or worse (CIN2+) after a UPT with the risk after a satisfactory Pap test while controlling for study site, test year, and other covariates.RESULTSA total of 634,644 Pap tests performed between 2004 and 2010 were included in the current study. Of 1442 UPTs, 53.4% had follow‐up testing within 120 days; follow‐up differed across the health plans (P<.001) and was found to be higher among patients aged <50 years (57.2% vs 48.8%; P = .01) and those with positive human papillomavirus (HPV) results (84.6% vs 53.9; P <.01). The risk of CIN2+ was similar for patients with both unsatisfactory and satisfactory Pap tests. However, after a UPT, the variables of age <50 years, having no previous history of Pap testing, having a history of a previous abnormal Pap test, and positive HPV status were all found to be risk factors for CIN2+; a positive HPV test was found to be the strongest risk factor for developing CIN2+. A negative HPV test result was protective for a CIN2+ diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSVarious clinical factors associated with the risk of CIN2+ appear to influence the receipt of follow‐up after a UPT. HPV test results in patients with UPTs might be used in follow‐up strategies; specifically, a negative test result might reduce the urgency for repeat Pap testing. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:59–65. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
ActiveSpaces: Exploring dynamic code deployment for extreme scale data processing
Authors: Docan Ciprian , Zhang Fan , Jin Tong , Bui Hoang , Sun Qian , Cummings Julian , Podhorszki Norbert , Klasky Scott , Parashar Manish 
Published: October 2014

SummaryManaging the large volumes of data produced by emerging scientific and engineering simulations running on leadership‐class resources has become a critical challenge. The data have to be extracted off the computing nodes and transported to consumer nodes so that it can be processed, analyzed, visualized, archived, and so on. Several recent research efforts have addressed data‐related challenges at different levels. One attractive approach is to offload expensive input/output operations to a smaller set of dedicated computing nodes known as a staging area. However, even using this approach, the data still have to be moved from the staging area to consumer nodes for processing, which continues to be a bottleneck. In this paper, we investigate an alternate approach, namely moving the data‐processing code to the staging area instead of moving the data to the data‐processing code. Specifically, we describe the ActiveSpaces framework, which provides (1) programming support for defining the data‐processing routines to be downloaded to the staging area and (2) runtime mechanisms for transporting codes associated with these routines to the staging area, executing the routines on the nodes that are part of the staging area, and returning the results. We also present an experimental performance evaluation of ActiveSpaces using applications running on the Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Finally, we use a coupled fusion application workflow to explore the trade‐offs between transporting data and transporting the code required for data processing during coupling, and we characterize sweet spots for each option. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Q and B values are critical measurements required for inter‐instrument standardization and development of multicolor flow cytometry staining panels
Authors: Perfetto Stephen P. , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Wood James , Nguyen Richard , Ambrozak David , Hill Juliane P. , Roederer Mario 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMuch of the complexity of multicolor flow cytometry experiments lies within the development of antibody staining panels and the standardization of instruments. In this article, we propose a theoretical metric and describe how measurements of sensitivity and resolution can be used to predict the success of panels, and ensure that performance across instruments is standardized (i.e., inter‐instrument standardization). Sensitivity can be determined by summing two major contributors of background, background originating from the instrument (optical noise and electronic noise) and background due to the experimental conditions (i.e., Raman scatter, and spillover spreading arising from other fluorochromes in the panel). The former we define as Bcal and the latter we define as Bsos. The combination of instrument and experiment background is defined as Btot. Importantly, the Btot will affect the degree of panel separation, therefore the greater the degree of Btot the lower the separation potential. In contrast, resolution is a measure of separation between populations. Resolution is directly proportional to the number of photoelectrons generated per molecule of excited fluorochrome and is known as the “Q” value. Q and Btot values can be used to define the performance of each detector on an instrument and together they can be used to calculate a separation index. Hence, detectors with known Q and Btot values can be used to evaluate panel success based on the detector specific separation index. However, the current technologies do not enable measurements of Q and Btot values for all parameters, but new technology to allow these measurements will likely be introduced in the near future. Nonetheless, Q and Btot measurements can aid in panel development, and reveal sources of instrument‐to‐instrument variation in panel performance. In addition, Q and B values can form the basis for a comprehensive and versatile quality assurance program. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Quality assessment program forEuroFlow protocols: Summary results of four‐year (2010–2013) quality assurance rounds
Authors: Kalina Tomas , Flores‐Montero Juan , Lecrevisse Quentin , Pedreira Carlos E. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Novakova Michaela , Mejstrikova Ester , Hrusak Ondrej , Böttcher Sebastian , Karsch Dennis , Sędek Łukasz , Trinquand Amelie , Boeckx Nancy , Caetano Joana , Asnafi Vahid , Lucio Paulo , Lima Margarida , Helena Santos Ana , Bonaccorso Paola , van der Sluijs‐Gelling Alita J. , Langerak Anton W. , Martin‐Ayuso Marta , Szczepański Tomasz , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Orfao Alberto 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFlow cytometric immunophenotyping has become essential for accurate diagnosis, classification, and disease monitoring in hemato‐oncology. The EuroFlow Consortium has established a fully standardized “all‐in‐one” pipeline consisting of standardized instrument settings, reagent panels, and sample preparation protocols and software for data analysis and disease classification. For its reproducible implementation, parallel development of a quality assurance (QA) program was required. Here, we report on the results of four consecutive annual rounds of the novel external QA EuroFlow program. The novel QA scheme aimed at monitoring the whole flow cytometric analysis process (cytometer setting, sample preparation, acquisition and analysis) by reading the median fluorescence intensities (MedFI) of defined lymphocytes' subsets. Each QA participant applied the predefined reagents' panel on blood cells of local healthy donors. A uniform gating strategy was applied to define lymphocyte subsets and to read MedFI values per marker. The MedFI values were compared with reference data and deviations from reference values were quantified using performance score metrics. In four annual QA rounds, we analyzed 123 blood samples from local healthy donors on 14 different instruments in 11 laboratories from nine European countries. The immunophenotype of defined cellular subsets appeared sufficiently standardized to permit unified (software) data analysis. The coefficient of variation of MedFI for 7 of 11 markers performed repeatedly below 30%, average MedFI in each QA round ranged from 86 to 125% from overall median. Calculation of performance scores was instrumental to pinpoint standardization failures and their causes. Overall, the new EuroFlow QA system for the first time allowed to quantify the technical variation that is introduced in the measurement of fluorescence intensities in a multicentric setting over an extended period of time. EuroFlow QA is a proficiency test specific for laboratories that use standardized EuroFlow protocols. It may be used to complement, but not replace, established proficiency tests. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Influence of topography on wind speed over a coastal dune and blowout system at Jockey's Ridge, NC, USA
Authors: Garès Paul A. , Pease Patrick 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study examines the spatial distribution of wind speed across a coastal dune system located at Jockey's Ridge State Park, North Carolina. The study area consists of a trough blowout through a foredune ridge, and the landforms that have developed behind the foredune. Wind speed and direction were measured simultaneously with single sensors placed at a fixed height in 13 locations across the blowout/dune complex. Fractional wind speed‐up is computed for sampling stations using data from a mast located on the beach as the reference. Results show that wind speeds were generally accelerated across the study site. The highest speeds were recorded on the foredune ridges adjacent to the blowout. Wind was accelerated through the center of the blowout throat and along the downwind lateral wall. Further into the blowout, at the base of the ramp to the depositional lobe, higher wind speeds shifted to the upwind lateral wall and continued to accelerate up the ramp as air exited to the rear. Significant variations in the wind speed‐up pattern were associated with different wind approach angles, with greater speed‐up occurring when the winds were aligned normal to the dune system. The speed‐up decreased as the angle of approach became increasingly oblique to the ridge. The patterns of wind speed‐up across the site point to the influence of topography on airflow. To quantify the relationship, measures of several topographic variables were obtained along sample transects running upwind from each sample station along flow lines representing different wind approach angles. Examination of correlation coefficients between wind speed‐up and topographic variables suggests that for groups of stations with similar topographic characteristics, 30–50% of the variations in speed‐up may be explained by the upwind topographic variability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer Health Information and the Demand for Physician Visits
Authors: Schmid Christian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present study empirically investigates the effect of consumer health information on the demand for physician visits. Using a direct information measure based on questions from the Swiss Health Survey, we estimate a Poisson hurdle model for office visits. We find that information has a negative effect on health care utilization, contradicting previous findings in the literature. We consider differences in the used information measures to be the most likely explanation for the different findings. However, our results suggest that increasing consumer health information has the potential to reduce health care expenditures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspective: lessons from the past
Authors: Holland Walter W. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA considered analysis of some factors used in the past 50–70 years in medical education, care on a hospital ward, organisation of health services, medical research and the attitudes of media and politics to health services is described. The possible reasons for changes in these areas over time are considered, and recommendations are made in each area on how current practice could be improved in the light of past experience. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of simeprevir following pre‐emptive pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment for recurrent hepatitis C in living donor liver transplant recipients: a 12‐week pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Tamura Sumihito , Aoki Taku , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe management of recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation remains a challenge.MethodsWe prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of simeprevir in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in five patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with recurrent hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b.ResultsAs the immunosuppressive regimen, four received cyclosporine A (CsA) and one received tacrolimus (FK); no dose adjustment was made prior to the introduction of simeprevir, but the dose was accordingly modified afterwards. All five patients completed the intended 12‐week treatment course without significant adverse events greater than grade 2, and no episodes of rejection were detected during the study period. The trough levels of CsA and FK were stably maintained. At week 12, HCV‐RNA was not detectable in three of the five patients, whereas the HCV titer of the other two patients, including one with Q80L and V170I mutations at the HCV NS3 position, was at the lower level of quantification (1.2 log10 IU/ml).ConclusionsBased on this pilot study, simeprevir‐based triple therapy is safe and somewhat effective within the first 12 weeks in LDLT recipients with HCV recurrence. Further studies are warranted to obtain robust conclusions.
Intention Tremor of the Legs in Essential Tremor: Prevalence and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Kestenbaum Meir , Michalec Monika , Yu Qiping , Pullman Seth L. , Louis Elan D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and assess the clinical correlates of intention tremor in the legs in essential tremor (ET) patients. The cerebellar features of ET are of growing interest to clinical neurologists. Arm tremor has an intentional component in many ET patients. Intention tremor in the legs, however, has never been systematically evaluated. One hundred twenty‐eight ET patients were enrolled in a clinical‐epidemiological study at Columbia University (New York, NY). A videotaped neurological examination included 10 toe‐to‐target movements with each foot. Videotapes were independently reviewed by two movement disorder neurologists who noted the presence versus absence of intentional leg tremor. Two patients underwent quantitative computerized tremor analysis to study the physiological characteristics of the tremor. Thirty‐five patients (27.3%) had intentional leg tremor; in 21, tremor was unilateral and in 14 it was bilateral. The 35 patients with intentional leg tremor did not differ from the remaining 93 in their clinical characteristics. Analyses comparing the 14 patients with bilateral intentional leg tremor to the 93 with no intentional leg tremor showed trends toward longer disease duration and more‐severe intentional arm tremor in the former. Tremor analysis showed a 3‐fold increase in average tremor amplitude from movement onset to the point just before touching the target. Our data suggest that intentional leg tremor, another cerebellar feature, is common in ET patients. The tremor may be associated with longer disease duration and more‐severe intentional arm tremor, but these preliminary trends need to be assessed in larger study samples.
Unexpected peaks in tandem mass spectra due to reaction of product ions with residual water in mass spectrometer collision cells
Authors: Neta Pedatsur , Farahani Mahnaz , Simón‐Manso Yamil , Liang Yuxue , Yang Xiaoyu , Stein Stephen E. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALECertain product ions in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry are found to react with residual water in the collision cell. This reaction often leads to the formation of ions that cannot be formed directly from the precursor ions, and this complicates the mass spectra and may distort MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) results.METHODSVarious drugs, pesticides, metabolites, and other compounds were dissolved in acetonitrile/water/formic acid and studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to record their MS2 and MSn spectra in several mass spectrometers (QqQ, QTOF, IT, and Orbitrap HCD). Certain product ions were found to react with residual water in collision cells. The reaction was confirmed by MSn studies and the rate of reaction was determined in the IT instrument using zero collision energy and variable activation times.RESULTSExamples of product ions reacting with water include phenyl and certain substituted phenyl cations, benzoyl‐type cations formed from protonated folic acid and similar compounds by loss of the glutamate moiety, product ions formed from protonated cyclic siloxanes by loss of methane, product ions formed from organic phosphates, and certain negative ions. The reactions of product ions with residual water varied greatly in their rate constant and in the extent of reaction (due to isomerization).CONCLUSIONSVarious types of product ions react with residual water in mass spectrometer collision cells. As a result, tandem mass spectra may contain unexplained peaks and MRM results may be distorted by the occurrence of such reactions. These often unavoidable reactions must be taken into account when annotating peaks in tandem mass spectra and when interpreting MRM results. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Naphthodithiophenes: Emerging Building Blocks for Organic Electronics
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Osaka Itaru 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLinear‐fused naphthodithiophenes (NDTs) are emerging building blocks in the development of new semiconducting small molecules, oligomers, and polymers. The promising nature of NDT‐based materials as organic semiconductors has been demonstrated by superior device characteristics in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in the last few years. In particular, it is quite impressive that a power conversion efficiency as high as 8.2% has been achieved for a single‐junction OPV cell consisting of NDT‐based semiconducting polymers and a fullerene derivative in such a short period of time. Here, we provide an overview of recent synthetic evolutions in NDT chemistry and progress in NDT‐based materials, especially conjugated oligomers and polymers and their applications to OFETs and OPVs.
Chains of Condensed IrIn7 Polyhedra in Ir2In12Ga4O15
Authors: Köhler Jürgen , Dinnebier Robert , Friedrich Holger A. , Fitch Andrew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe new low valent iridiumindiumoxogallate Ir2In12Ga4O15 was prepared by heating intimate mixtures of Ir, In, In2O3, and Ga2O3 in a platinum crucible under an atmosphere of argon (1400 K, 70 h). The compound has an orange color. X‐ray powder diffraction patterns can be indexed on the basis of a primitive orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters a = 1954.5(1) pm, b = 674.0(1) pm, and c = 745.9(1) pm. The crystal structure of Ir2In12Ga4O15 was solved from powder diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method (Pnn2, R(prof.) = 4.4 %, R(int.) = 2.5 %). Ir2In12Ga4O15 is according to [IrIn5In2/2]9+2[GaO4]5–2[Ga2O7]8– an ortho‐gallate‐pyro‐gallate with chains of corner sharing [IrIn7]9+ polyhedra, [GaO4]5–2 tetrahedra, and [Ga2O7]8– double tetrahedra. The Ir–In distances within the IrIn7 polyhedra are shorter than in Ir–In intermetallic phases and lie between 256–261 pm.
Solid Solution Series between CdIn2Te4 and AgInTe2 Investigated by Resonant X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Welzmiller Simon , Hennersdorf Felix , Fitch Andy , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAgInTe2 and CdIn2Te4 exhibit structures related to the chalcopyrite type. They form a solid solution (CdIn2Te4)x(Ag2In2Te4)1–x with a miscibility gap for 0.5 < x < 0.95. Such compounds are interesting for the application in solar cells or as thermoelectric materials. Joint refinements of high‐resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data for CdIn2Te4, Ag0.75Cd0.125InTe2 (x = 0.25) and Ag0.6Cd0.2InTe2 (x = 0.4) measured at the K‐absorption edges of Ag, Cd, In, Te and far away from these edges yield unambiguous information on the element and vacancy distribution. In CdIn2Te4, the vacancies are completely ordered and cadmium and indium are uniformly distributed over both cation positions. Ag0.75Cd0.125InTe2 and Ag0.6Cd0.2InTe2, which represent different Cd contents associated with different vacancy concentrations, exhibit disordered chalcopyrite‐type structures. The vacancies concentrate on the Ag position of AgInTe2 with additional Ag, Cd and little In, whereas the In position remains predominantly occupied by In, little Ag, and almost no Cd.