bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(phosphoester)s: A New Platform for Degradable Polymers
Authors: Steinbach Tobias , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPoly(phosphoester)s (PPEs) play an important role in nature. They structure and determine life in the form of deoxy‐ and ribonucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and, as pyrophosphates, they store up chemical energy in organisms. Polymer chemistry, however, is dominated by the nondegradable polyolefins and degradable poly(carboxylic ester)s (PCEs) that are produced on a large scale today. Recent studies have illustrated the potential of PPEs for future applications beyond flame retardancy, and provided a coherent vision to implement this classic biopolymer in modern applications that demand biocompatibility and degradability as well as the possibility to adjust the properties to individual needs.
Detailed Anatomy of the Cranial Cervical Ganglion in the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Nourinezhad Jamal , Mazaheri Yazdan , Biglari Zahra 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe detailed morphology and topography of the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) with its surrounding structures were studied in 10 sides of five heads of adult one‐humped camel to determine its general arrangement as well as its differences and similarities to other animals. The following detailed descriptions were obtained: (1) the bilateral CCG was constantly present caudal to cranial base at the rostroventral border of the occipital condyle over the caudolateral part of nasopharynx; (2) the CCG was always in close relations medially with the longus capitis muscle, rostrolaterally with the internal carotid artery, and caudally with the vagus nerve; and (3) the branches of the CCG were the internal carotid and external carotid nerves, jugular nerve, cervical interganglionic branch, laryngopharyngeal branch, carotid sinus branch and communicating branches to the vagus, and first spinal nerves. In conclusion, there was no variation regarding topography of dromedary CCG among the specimens, in spite of typical variations in number, and mainly in origin of nerve branches ramifying from the CCG. In comparative anatomy aspect, the close constant relations, and presence of major nerves (internal/external carotid and jugular nerves) of dromedary CCG exhibited a typical reported animal's pattern. However, the shape, structures lateral to the CCG, the origin and course pattern of external carotid and jugular nerves, the number of the major nerves branches, the communicating branches of the CCG to the spinal and cranial nerves, and the separation of most rostral parts of vagosympathetic trunk of dromedary were different from those of most reported animals. Anat Rec, 298:1479–1491, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy of Shoulder Girdle Muscle Modifications and Walking Adaptation in the Scaly Chinese Pangolin (Manis Pentadactyla Pentadactyla: Pholidota) Compared with the Partially Osteoderm‐Clad Armadillos (Dasypodidae)
Authors: Kawashima Tomokazu , Thorington Richard W. , Bohaska Paula W. , Chen Yen‐Jean , Sato Fumi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBecause pangolins are unique mammals with a body and limbs almost entirely sheathed in hard keratinous overlapping scales and with digging and climbing abilities, the shoulder girdle muscles may differ significantly from those of other mammals including the partially osteoderm‐clad armadillos. Therefore, we conducted a functional anatomical study of the shoulder girdle muscles in Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla, Pholidota) and some armadillo species (Dasypodidae). Our CT scans revealed that the pangolin's overlapping scales are hard structures completely encasing the limbs. The armadillo's limbs, however, are covered with small relatively soft non‐overlapping scales embedded in the skin, and articulate completely free of the hard osteodermal carapace. The attachments of some shoulder girdle muscles in the pangolin have moved from the surrounding edges of the scapula to the spine, and they, therefore, fully cover the scapula. In addition, some pangolin shoulder girdle muscles cross the shoulder joint to insert on the distal humerus, but this does not occur in armadillos. We cannot rule out the possibility that these muscle modifications represent adaptations for digging and/or climbing in pangolins. Our results and previous literature do not establish specific links between them and locomotive modes. However, we propose that the Chinese pangolin may use its derived muscular features when walking to move its armor‐restricted forelimbs more effectively by swinging its head from side to side. Anat Rec, 298:1217–1236, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of ROCK inhibitor Y‐27632 on cell fusion through a microslit
Authors: Wada Ken‐Ichi , Hosokawa Kazuo , Ito Yoshihiro , Maeda Mizuo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe previously reported a direct cytoplasmic transfer method using a microfluidic device, in which cell fusion was induced through a microslit (slit‐through‐fusion) by the Sendai virus envelope (HVJ‐E) to prevent nuclear mixing. However, the method was impractical due to low efficiency of slit‐through‐fusion formation and insufficient prevention of nuclear mixing. The purpose of this study was to establish an efficient method for inducing slit‐through‐fusion without nuclear mixing. We hypothesized that modulation of cytoskeletal component can decrease nuclear migration through the microslit considering its functions. Here we report that supplementation with Y‐27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor, significantly enhances cell fusion induction and prevention of nuclear mixing. Supplementation with Y‐27632 increased the formation of slit‐through‐fusion efficiency by more than twofold. Disruption of F‐actin by Y‐27632 prevented nuclear migration between fused cells through the microslit. These two effects of Y‐27632 led to promotion of the slit‐through‐fusion without nuclear mixing with a 16.5‐fold higher frequency compared to our previous method (i.e., cell fusion induction by HVJ‐E without supplementation with Y‐27632). We also confirmed that mitochondria were successfully transferred to the fusion partner under conditions of Y‐27632 supplementation. These findings demonstrate the practicality of our cell fusion system in producing direct cytoplasmic transfer between live cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2334–2342. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein kinetics in human endotoxaemia and their temporal relation to metabolic, endocrine and proinflammatory cytokine responses
Authors: Khan A S A , Gibson J M , Carlson G L , Rooyackers O , New J P , Soop M 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is associated with profound alterations in protein metabolism. The unpredictable time course of sepsis and the multiplicity of confounding factors prevent studies of temporal relations between the onset of endocrine and proinflammatory cytokine responses and the onset of protein catabolism. This study aimed to determine the time course of whole-body protein catabolism, and relate it to the endocrine, metabolic and cytokine responses in a human endotoxaemia model of early sepsis.

Methods
Six healthy male volunteers were studied twice in random order, before and for 600 min after administration of either an intravenous bolus of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline. Whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and net protein breakdown were measured by amino acid tracer infusion, and related to changes in plasma levels of growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 6.

Results
Protein synthesis, breakdown and net protein breakdown increased and peaked 120 min after LPS administration (P &lt; 0·001), the alterations persisting for up to 480 min. These peaks coincided with peaks in plasma growth hormone, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations (P = 0·049, P &lt; 0·001 and P &lt; 0·001 for LPS versus saline), whereas plasma cortisol concentration peaked later. No alterations in plasma insulin or glucagon concentrations, or in the IGF axis were observed during the period of abnormalities of protein metabolism.

Conclusion
LPS administration induced an early protein catabolic response in young men and this coincided with changes in plasma growth hormone, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, rather than changes in cortisol, glucagon, insulin or the IGF axis. Surgical relevanceSepsis in surgical patients is common and remains associated with substantial mortality. Although sepsis is a heterogeneous condition and its pathophysiology therefore difficult to study, a universal and profound clinical problem is protein catabolism not responsive to nutritional support. Human experimental endotoxaemia is a promising model of clinical sepsis that can be used to elucidate underlying pathophysiology and explore novel therapeutic approaches.This study demonstrates that human experimental endotoxaemia replicates the changes in whole-body protein turnover seen in clinical sepsis. Frequent measurements allowed identification of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6 and growth hormone as putative mediators.Human experimental endotoxaemia is a valid model for further study of mechanisms and putative therapies of catabolism associated with sepsis. In particular, effects of TNF-α and IL-6 blockade should be evaluated.
Age-specific incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute abdominal aortic aneurysms in a defined population
Authors: Howard D P J , Banerjee A , Fairhead J F , Handa A , Silver L E , Rothwell P M 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background
Contemporary population-based data on age-specific incidence and outcome from acute abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) events are needed to understand the impact of risk factor modification and demographic change, and to inform AAA screening policy.

Methods
In a prospective population-based study (Oxfordshire, UK, 2002–2014), event rates, incidence, early case fatality and long-term outcome from all acute AAA events were determined, both overall and in relation to the four main risk factors: smoking, hypertension, male sex and age.

Results
Over the 12-year interval, 103 incident acute AAA events occurred in the study population of 92 728 (men 72·8 per cent; 59·2 per cent 30-day case fatality rate). The incidence per 100 000 population per year was 55 in men aged 65–74 years, but increased to 112 at age 75–84 years and to 298 at age 85 years or above. Some 66·0 per cent of all events occurred in those aged 75 years or more. The incidence at 65–74 years was highest in male smokers (274 per 100 000 population per year); 27 (96 per cent) of 28 events in men aged less than 75 years occurred in ever-smokers. Mean(s.d.) age at event was lowest in current smokers (72·2(7·2) years), compared with that in ex-smokers (81·2(7·0) years) and never-smokers (83·3(7·9) years) (P &lt; 0·001). Hypertension was the predominant risk factor in women (diagnosed in 93 per cent), with 20 (71 per cent) of all 28 events in women occurring in those aged 75 years or above with hypertension. The 30-day case fatality rate increased from 40 per cent at age below 75 years to 69 per cent at age 75 years or more (P = 0·008).

Conclusion
Two-thirds of acute AAA events occurred at age 75 years or above, and more than 25 per cent of events were in women. Taken with the strong associations with smoking and hypertension, these findings could have implications for AAA screening.
Both FOXO3a and FOXO1 are involved in the HGF‐protective pathway against apoptosis in endothelial cells
Authors: Li Fang , Qu Huan , Cao Heng‐Chang , Li Mei‐Hong , Chen Chen , Chen Xiao‐Fan , Yu Bo , Yu Lin , Zheng Le‐Min , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified as an endogenous tissue protective agent against apoptosis in many cell types. The mechanism by which HGF protects primary endothelial cells (ECs) has not yet been completely elucidated. FOXO1 and FOXO3a, two members of the FOXO family, are the most abundant FOXO isoforms in mature endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to explore whether FOXO1 and FOXO3a play similar roles in HGF‐mediated protection against apoptosis in mature endothelial cells. Our result showed that HGF prevented ECs from oxidative‐stress induced apoptosis in part by inducing the phosphorylation of FOXO proteins. FOXO1 and FOXO3a are equally important in this process by regulating the expression of Bim, PUMA, FasL, and TRAIL.
Facile Synthesis of MnO2/Polypyrrole/MnO2 Multiwalled Nanotubes as Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yuan Haoran , Deng Lifang , Tang Jiahuan , Zhou Shungui , Chen Yong , Yuan Yong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEfficient, low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are essential components of renewable energy technologies. Herein, hierarchical multiwalled MnO2/polypyrrole/MnO2 nanotubes (NT‐MPMs) were synthesized by using a simple, cost‐effective hydrothermal method. The key to fabricating the multiwalled NT‐MPMs was to introduce a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) interlayer to improve the electrical conductivity of the MnO2 nanotubes. In alkaline media, these rationally designed nanotubes exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction without the use of an external conductive additive, and significantly outperformed MnO2 nanotubes containing a carbon additive, MnO2/PPy nanotubes, and MnO2/PPy/MnO2 nanowires. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) equipped with the NT‐MPM cathode exhibited a maximum power density of 721±20 mW m−2, which is comparable to that of a Pt/C cathode. Furthermore, the NT‐MPM cathode had greater long‐term stability than the Pt/C cathode. The outstanding performance of the NT‐MPMs makes them a potential alternative to Pt/C in MFCs for sustainable energy generation.
The Effect of Crystal Packing and ReIV Ions on the Magnetisation Relaxation of [Mn6]‐Based Molecular Magnets
Authors: Martínez‐Lillo José , Cano Joan , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Brechin Euan K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe energy barrier to magnetisation relaxation in single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) proffers potential technological applications in high‐density information storage and quantum computation. Leading candidates amongst complexes of 3d metals ions are the hexametallic family of complexes of formula [Mn6O2(R‐sao)6(X)2(solvent)y] (saoH2=salicylaldoxime; X=mono‐anion; y=4–6; R=H, Me, Et, and Ph). The recent synthesis of cationic [Mn6][ClO4]2 family members, in which the coordinating X ions were replaced with non‐coordinating anions, opened the gateway to constructing families of novel [Mn6] salts in which the identity and nature of the charge balancing anions could be employed to alter the physical properties of the complex. Herein we demonstrate initial experiments to show that this is indeed possible. By replacing the diamagnetic ClO4− anions with the highly anisotropic ReIV ion in the form of [ReIVCl6]2−, the energy barrier to magnetisation relaxation is increased by up to 30 %.
Generating Skeletal Diversity from the C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloid Deltaline: A Ring‐Distortion Approach
Authors: Chen Qi‐Feng , Wang Feng‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe development of new drugs calls for large collections of diverse molecules with considerable complexity. Ring distortion of natural products provides an efficient and facile approach to access new architectures with intriguing biological activities, by harnessing their inherent complexity. In this study, such a strategy has been explored on an abundant C19‐diterpenoid alkaloid, deltaline, enabling the synthesis of 32 new derivatives bearing a broad spectrum of unique scaffolds. Extensive spectroscopic studies including X‐ray crystallographic analyses strongly supported the structures of the obtained novel skeletons, which present comparable opportunities with the great contributions made by nature for discovery of new lead compounds.
Chains, Necklaces and Weaving Chain‐link Grids from Self‐Assembly Reactions
Authors: Alvariño Cristina , Simond Damien , Lorente Pau Moneva , Besnard Céline , Williams Alan F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAssembly of two ditopic units, a phenanthroline substituted by 4‐ethynyl pyridines at the 2‐and 9‐positions and a dimetallic paddlewheel, gives a linear chain polymer rather than a closed cyclic species, which would appear equally possible. The chain may be decorated by binding a copper‐containing macrocycle around the phenanthroline units to form a polypseudorotaxane. When two phenanthroline ligands are assembled in a first step around copper(I), the paddlewheel acceptor can link them in a second step to form a two‐dimensional interwoven grid that resembles the form of a chain‐link fence. Each copper(I) centre in this structure is chiral, and the crystal shows complete homochirality, implying selection during the assembly process.
Evolution of a Short Route to Strychnine by Using the Samarium‐Diiodide‐Induced Cascade Cyclization as a Key Step
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hans‐Ulrich Reissig at the Freie Universität Berlin. The image depicts several aspects of strychnine’s provenience and a new approach towards its synthesis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500094.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Synthesis and Room‐Temperature Properties of α‐LiZr2(PO4)3.
Authors: El‐Shinawi Hany , Greaves Colin , Janek Juergen 
Published: May 2015

Abstractα‐LiZr2(PO4)3 is prepared by a sol‐gel approach from a stoichiometric solution of Li(OAc) and ZrO(NO3)2 in HNO3 to which EDTA and citric acid is given at pH <7.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Supported Molybdenum—Vanadium Oxide Clusters: Syntheses, Structures and Catalytic Properties.
Authors: Fei Fei , An Haiyan , Meng Changgong , Wang Lin , Wang Huilong 
Published: May 2015

Abstract[Ln(H2O)5] 2Mo6V2O26·8H2O (Ln: La, Ce, Nd) are prepared by the reaction of [Mo6V2O26]6‐ with Ln(NO3)3 in aqueous solution at pH 3 (80 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Structures of AsMo12 and AsW12 into Chiral Crystals by Introducing CH3CN and H2O.
Authors: Wang Youlin , Lu Xiaoming , Min Tao , Feng Jun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract[Na(15‐crown‐5)2] [Na(15‐crown‐5)]2(AsMo12O40)·MeCN (I) and [Na(15‐crown‐5)2] [Na(15‐crown‐5)] 2(AsW12O40)·2H2O (II) are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of Na2MoO4 or Na2WO4, Na3AsO4, MeCN, MeOH, 15‐crown‐5, and HCl solution (autoclave, pH 2.5—3, 120 °C, 48—72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of BiCu2(TeO3)(SO4)(OH)3.
Authors: Chen Fengting , Zhao Jiachang , Xu Jingli , Wu Yuandong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Bi2O3, CuSO4, TeO2, and H2SO4 (autoclave, 230 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Tetrafluoroethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Fluorinated Sulfones.
Authors: Vaclavik Jiri , Chernykh Yana , Jurasek Bronislav , Beier Petr 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo synthetic pathways to 1‐substituted tetrafluoropropanol derivatives of type (V) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Enantioenriched [3.1.0] Bicycles via a Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Redox Bicycloisomerization Reaction.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Ryan Michael C. , Rao Meera , Markovic Tim Z. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched [3.1.0] bicycles containing vicinal quaternary centers are synthesized from [1,6]‐enynes using a ruthenium catalyst with a tethered chiral sulfoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed Aza‐Piancatelli Reaction.
Authors: Leboeuf David , Schulz Emmanuelle , Gandon Vincent 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCalcium catalyzed aza‐Piancatelli reactions between substituted 2‐furylcarbinols and aniline derivatives are described for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Alkoxylation of Aromatic and Olefinic Carboxamides.
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Bao , Hao Xin‐Qi , Zhang Shou‐Kun , Liu Zhan‐Jiang , Zheng Xin‐Xiang , Gong Jun‐Fang , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction proceeds under mild conditions in the presence of Co(OAc)2·4H2O as the catalyst and tolerates a wide range of both alcohols and benzamide substrates, including even olefinic carboxamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted α‐Acetoxy β‐Enamido Esters: A New Approach to Chiral α‐Hydroxyl‐β‐amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Qingli , Huang Wenhua , Yuan Haoquan , Cai Qin , Chen Liming , Lv Hui , Zhang Xumu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe methodology provides valuable building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds which is exemplified by the transformation of one product into the corresponding α‐hydroxy‐β‐amino acid, an intermediate of the taxol side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Coupling of Thiols and Benzylic Ethers via C(sp3)—H Activation and C—O Cleavage to Lead Thioesters.
Authors: Feng J. , Lv M.‐F. , Lu G.‐P , Cai C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented protocol for the synthesis of thioesters via direct oxidative cross‐coupling of benzylic ethers with thiophenols or thiols under metal and base free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Magnetically Separable Palladium Catalyst Containing a Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand for the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Wang Z. , Yu Y. , Zhang Y. X. , Li S. Z. , Qian H. , Lin Z. Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe catalyst shows high catalytic activity and is easily recyclable.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydro‐1H‐spiro[isoquinoline‐4,4′‐pyran] Scaffolds Through an Intramolecular Prins Cascade Process.
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Medaboina Durgaprasad , Sridhar B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel tandem cyclization strategy is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds as single diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurano‐ and Tetrahydropyrano‐dihydropyrroles Containing N,O‐Acetal Moieties via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transannulation of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Oxacycloalkenes.
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Eui , Park Youngchul , Park Sangjune , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA method for the synthesis of bicyclic aza‐oxaheterocycles from N‐sulfonyltriazoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Metal‐Free Decarboxylative Multicomponent Coupling of α‐Amino Acids, Aldehydes and Isonitriles Leading to N‐Substituted Azacyclic‐2‐carboxamides with Antithrombotic Activity.
Authors: Dighe Shashikant U. , Kumar Anil K. S. , Srivastava Smriti , Shukla Pankaj , Singh Surendra , Dikshit Madhu , Batra Sanjay 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBiological screening shows, that products (VIb) and (VII) display appreciable antithrombotic activity via inhibition of platelet aggregation.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Approach to Construct C—C Bond Initiated by N—O Bond Cleavage under Thermal Conditions.
Authors: Li Dan‐Dan , Li Zhong‐Yuan , Wang Guan‐Wu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel method for the catalyst‐free radical‐based addition reaction of N‐alkoxy isoindolinones with N,N‐dialkyl carboxylic amides is developed to provide the formation of sp2C‐sp3C bonds under thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Aminooxygenation and Diamination of Alkenes with Amidines by Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents.
Authors: Chen Hui , Kaga Atsushi , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiacetoxyiodobenzene and its trifluoroacetoxy, aminoditosylate, and aminodimesylate analogues are used for the mostly diastereoselective preparation of variously substituted dihydroimidazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Switchable Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles via C—H Amination/Acetoxylation of Guanidines.
Authors: Chi Yue , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn efficient and metal‐free protocol for the amination of phenylguanidines furnishing 2‐aminobenzimidazoles with and without para‐acetoxy‐ substitution is presented.