bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing Time to Antibiotics in Febrile Patients With Central Lines in the Emergency Department
Authors: Jobson Meghan , Sandrof Moses , Valeriote Timothy , Liberty Abigail Lees , Walsh-Kelly Christine , Jackson Cheryl 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Rapid antibiotic administration is essential for the successful management of patients who have central lines and present with fever. We conducted an emergency department (ED) improvement initiative to deliver antibiotics to 90% of patients within 60 minutes and to minimize process variation.

METHODS:
Our setting was an academic ED. We assembled a multidisciplinary team, identified contributing factors to the care delivery problem, determined key drivers and intervention steps, implemented changes, and used strategies to engage ED staff and promote sustainability. Outcomes were analyzed by using a time series design with baseline data and continuous postintervention monitoring. Outcomes included percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes, time to antibiotic administration, and accuracy for triage acuity and chief complaint.

RESULTS:
An 8-month baseline period revealed that 63% of patients received antibiotics within 60 minutes of arrival, with a mean time to antibiotics of 65 minutes. Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were used to improve patient identification and initial management processes. The percentage of patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes of arrival was increased to 99% (297 of 301), and mean time to administration decreased to 30 minutes (95% confidence interval: 28–32). These gains were sustained for 24 months. Subanalysis identified a racial discrepancy, with African American patients experiencing significantly longer delays than patients of other races (95 vs 61 minutes; P &lt; .05); this discrepancy was eliminated with our initiative.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our initiative exceeded our goal of 90% antibiotic delivery within 60 minutes for a sustained period of at least 24 months, decreased process variation and mean time to antibiotic administration, and eliminated race-based discrepancies in care.
Quantitative Assessment of Facial Asymmetry Using Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging in Adults: Validating the Precision and Repeatability of a Global Approach
Authors: Kornreich Davida , Mitchell Adele A. , Webb Bryn D. , Cristian Ingrid , Jabs Ethylin Wang 
Published: December 2014

Objective Comparison of global versus landmark analyses of facial asymmetry using three-dimensional photogrammetry to establish a precise method for evaluating facial asymmetry. Design The landmark-based approach utilized anthropometric data points. Our global approach involved registration of mirror images, independent of a midplane, to calculate a root mean square (RMS) value. We analyzed precision and technical and operator error of both methods. Participants Three hundred fifty adults participated in this study. Results We found that the global method has better precision and repeatability with a significantly lower error rate than the landmark-based method. In adults, the average RMS was 0.6253 mm with a standard deviation of 0.16. Conclusions Our facial asymmetry measurement is more accurate than landmark-based measurements. This method is quick, reliable, and results in generation of a RMS score and a corresponding color-coded facial map that highlights regions of higher and lower asymmetry. This method may be used as a screening tool for asymmetry in both the clinical and research settings.
Predictor(s) of Abnormal Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Results in Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Rojnueangnit Kitiwan , Mikhail Fady M. , Cui Xiangqin , Yu Shaohua , Robin Nathaniel H. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) occurs either as an isolated anomaly or as one manifestation of genetic syndromes. Chromosomal abnormalities from karyotype analysis are commonly seen in cases of nonisolated CL/P. This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of clinical array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) testing in patients with CL/P. Our objectives were to identify the clinical phenotypes that are predicative of an abnormal aCGH result, correlate aCGH results with language outcome, and analyze the data in the abnormal aCGH results group. Methods Nonisolated CL/P patients who had clinical aCGH testing performed between 2009 and 2012 in the University of Alabama at Birmingham cytogenetics lab were enrolled. The demographic data, clinical phenotypes, and speech outcome were collected. Results Two hundred forty-five nonisolated CL/P patients were studied, with 62 having an abnormal aCGH result compared to 183 patients with a normal aCGH result. The presence of developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), dysmorphic features, congenital anomalies, and/or family history of DD/ID were significantly higher in the abnormal aCGH group ( P < .05). Neither the aCGH results nor the type of CL/P correlated with speech outcome. Finally, analysis of the abnormal aCGH result group revealed that DD/ID had a strong positive association with the copy number variation pathogenicity and the number of genes involved. Conclusions This study demonstrated the diagnostic value of clinical aCGH testing in CL/P patients who present with DD/ID, dysmorphic features, other congenital anomalies, and/or family history of DD/ID.
Risk Factors for Decline in IQ in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Over the 12 Years From Diagnosis/Illness Onset
Authors: Lin Ashleigh , Northam Elisabeth A. , Werther George A. , Cameron Fergus J. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
This study examined illness-related change in intelligence quotient (IQ) in a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from disease onset in childhood to follow-up 12 years later in late adolescence/early adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants included type 1 diabetes patients (n = 95; mean age at follow-up 21.3 years) and healthy control participants (HCs; n = 67; mean age at follow-up 21.0 years) from a cohort followed prospectively. Measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and prospective collection of data on metabolic control history.

RESULTS
Young people with type 1 diabetes showed greater decline in verbal IQ (VIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), but not performance IQ (PIQ), than HCs. Within the diabetes group, a younger age at diabetes onset was associated with a decline in PIQ and FSIQ (P ≤ 0.001). A history of hypoglycemic seizures was associated with a decline in VIQ (P = 0.002). Long-term metabolic control was not associated with changes in IQ. Interaction terms were not significant, suggesting no moderating effect of one diabetes-related variable over another.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of diabetes may negatively influence some aspects of IQ over time. Specific illness risk factors, such as an earlier age of disease onset and a history of hypoglycemic seizures, appear to put the young person at greater risk. Academic progress of children identified as at risk should be monitored and educational supports provided if necessary.
Warm Waves in North-Western Spitsbergen
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz Marek , Bednorz Ewa 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, weather conditions causing warm waves in north-western Spitsbergen, exemplified by Ny-Ålesund station, were analyzed. Between 1981 and 2010, 536 days with the maximum temperature exceeding 8.3°C (the value of 95 percentile) were selected. 37 warm waves, which altogether lasted 268 days, were identified. A typical feature of pressure pattern causing warm waves was the appearance of positive anomalies of both the sea level pressure and the height of isobaric surface 500 hPa in the Euro-Atlantic sector of the Arctic. This indicates a presence of high-pressure systems in this region. Extremely warm days appeared more often with the circulation from the eastern than the western sector. Longer and warmer heat waves occurring in the last decade of the analyzed period may be considered as a sign of climate warming, which has a significant impact on environment, i.e. reduction in area and thickness of glaciers, reduction of permafrost and snow cover, changes in biodiversity, etc. The increase in the air temperature and more fre-quent occurrence of heat waves may encourage development of tourism in polar areas, po-tentially causing further changes in the environment.
Basic Overview of Simulation Optimization
Authors: Hrčka Lukáš , Važan Pavel , Šutová Zuzana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper gives a basic overview of simulation optimization as a significant simulation technology. The computing requirements of simulation optimization cause that the practical usage of simulation optimization without software support is impossible. Therefore, the paper demonstrates typical software approach to simulation optimization and additionally presents the most important algorithms used in simulation optimization. The authors explain basic steps of implementing simulation optimization and present their own procedure. The advantages and disadvantages of simulation optimization are emphasized at the end of this paper.
The Art Of Interpretation – Chances And Risks On Interpretation In The Field Of Mobile Testing
Authors: Palatini Kerstin , Zischner Karsten 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Carrying out a usability test is a demanding process per se. Mobile tests raise this claim because they are subject to real usage conditions and therefore unforeseeable factors. On the one hand there are the technical factors like tools, software and laboratory equipment, but on the other hand there are the human beeings with their knowledge and decision-making. They are taking the selection of tools, methods and data, and they decide in every situation of the process of testing. Using a mobile eye-tracking test, the authors will explain where the sources for interpretation are and when misinterpretation become an error. Technology philosophical considerations on interpretation and hermeneutics have to support the recognition of the potential of interpretation. As a result, misinterpretation can be minimized.
Specification-Based Testing Via Domain Specific Language
Authors: Sroka Michal , Nagy Roman , Fisch Dominik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The article presents tCF (testCaseFramework) - a domain specific language with corresponding toolchain for specification-based software testing of embedded software. tCF is designed for efficient preparation of maintainable and intelligible test cases and for testing process automation, as it allows to generate platform specific test cases for various testing levels. The article describes the essential parts of the tCF meta-model and the applied concept of platform specific test cases generators.
Facial Composite System Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zahradníková Barbora , Duchovičová Soňa , Schreiber Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The article deals with genetic algorithms and their application in face identification. The purpose of the research is to develop a free and open-source facial composite system using evolutionary algorithms, primarily processes of selection and breeding. The initial testing proved higher quality of the final composites and massive reduction in the composites processing time. System requirements were specified and future research orientation was proposed in order to improve the results.
Removal Of Phenol From Wastewater By Using Low-Cost Catalyst From Metal Production
Authors: Galbičková Blanka , Soldán Maroš , Belčík Michal , Balog Karol 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Utilization of AOPs (Advanced oxidation processes) as an emerging technology for removing of pollutants from wastewater is developed. In this paper, UV photodegradation was used for removing of phenol from wastewater. As a source of UV radiation medium pressure mercury lamp with output 400W was used. The influence of low-cost catalysts on this process was also monitored. Wastes from metal production, red mud and black nickel mud, were used as catalysts.
Removing 3,5-Dichlorophenol from Wastewater by Alternative Adsorbents
Authors: Kobetičová Hana , Galbičková Blanka , Ševčíková Janka , Soldán Maroš 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate an efficiency of 3,5 - dichlorophenol removal from wastewater by using alternative adsorbents. Chlorophenols are organic compounds consisting of a benzene ring, OH groups and also atoms of chlorine. Chlorophenols may have a huge isomere variety that means there are differences in their chemical and physical properties. Due to their toxicity it is necessary to remove them from waste water and in this paper an alternative way of such process is described.
Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Poly-Crystalline Cubic Boron Nitride
Authors: Kuruc Marcel , Peterka Jozef 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Poly-crystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) is one of the hardest material. Generally, so hard materials could not be machined by conventional machining methods. Therefore, for this purpose, advanced machining methods have been designed. Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is included among them. RUM is based on abrasive removing mechanism of ultrasonic vibrating diamond particles, which are bonded on active part of rotating tool. It is suitable especially for machining hard and brittle materials (such as glass and ceramics). This contribution investigates this advanced machining method during machining of PCBN.
Ways of Comparation of the Fibre Orientation in Injection Moulding Parts
Authors: Likavčan Lukáš , Martinkovič Maroš , Bílik Jozef , Košík Miroslav 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The fibre orientation in short fibre reinforced thermoplastics depends on injection moulding technology parameters. The aim of this paper is to propose possibilities for comparing fibre orientation of the real sample and the result from simulation software. Fibre orientation of selected injection moulding part is simulated. In some selected points secondorder tensor of orientation was estimated. Stereological metallography was used for possibility of comparison these results with experimental ones. An experimental result of estimation of degree of fibre orientation is described. The use of stereological metallography allows very simple and effective experimental estimation of short glass fibre orientation, which can be used for experimental verification of numerical simulation model, which can be optimized to obtained coincidence with experiments.
Structural Characterization of (Re)Bco Layer Deposited by Pld and Mocvd Techniques
Authors: Mišík Jozef , Pekarčíková Marcela , Janovec Jozef 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
(RE)BCO thin films prepared by PLD and MOCVD techniques were investigated to characterize structural defects - outgrowths in thin film. For this purpose SEM, EDX analysis and LSCM were used. Outgrowths are often penetrating into the thin films. Evident differences in chemical heterogeneity, outgrowth morphology and outgrowths density between PLD and MOCVD thin films were proven in this study.
Identification of Precipitates in Cr-Mn-N Based Steel After Thermal Exposures
Authors: Ondruška Michal , Dománková Mária , Jáňa Miroslav , Marônek Milan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the identification of precipitates in the Cr-Mn-N steels after thermal exposure. The purpose of the study is to clarify the M2N precipitation by isothermal annealing at the temperatures of 750 and 900 °C with a holding time of 5, 10, 30 min, 1 hr. and 10 hrs. Microstructure of austenitic steel was characterised by the typical presence of annealing twins. Stepwise etching was observed at the holding time of 5 and 10 minutes, but at the holding time of 30 minutes, secondary particles were precipitated at the grain boundaries. Corrosion tests revealed that holding time significantly affected steel structure. M2N is the dominant precipitate, but the occurrence of σ-phase was occasionally observed especially at the interface of discontinuous precipitation and austenitic matrix. Slight increase of hardness at the grain boundaries was caused due to the precipitation of secondary phases during isothermal holding. The maximum hardness of 294 HV was measured on the sample isothermally annealed at 750 °C and holding for 10 hrs. The research provides theoretical basis for the heat affecting of steels, such as, for example, in welding.
Empire romain et hellénisme : bilan historiographique
Authors: Hoët-Van Cauwenberghe Christine 
Published: December 2014

Roman Empire and Hellenism: a historiographical assessment.
We shall attempt to make a historiographical assessment and reflect on the relationship between the Roman Empire and Hellenism. Recent research -which is richly varied-reveals how vital it is to define the concepts in question as accurately as possible, the notions of Imperialism, Hellenism, Romanity, Romanization. The study of Roman Greece once was somehow neglected but things have changed as the recent studies clearly demonstrate. The question of Greek identity and that of the loyalty of the Greeks to Rome and to the Emperor as much as that of integration have been brought to the forefront. The philhellenic policies of Roman rulers have been investigated -likewise the access to Roman citizenship; furthermore onomastic and prosoprographic studies highlight the efficient processes that developed under the Empire. The status of the Greek city within the Empire, its working and the role of its civic élites are perceived with more and more accuracy as they are being reassessed.
Neutralité de l'internet : dépasser les scandales
Authors: Musiani Francesca 
Published: December 2014

Alors que le trafic sur internet explose et que de nouvelles infrastructures coûteuses doivent être déployées, la « neutralité du net » fait débat. Ce principe suppose que toutes les données circulant sur internet doivent être traitées de manière équitable. Or, il est techniquement possible d’en sélectionner des paquets à traiter en priorité. Cette pratique est susceptible de poser des problèmes non seulement économiques mais aussi politiques et sociaux.
Les Pays-Bas et la crise du multiculturalisme
Authors: Brinks Jan Herman , Hoff Loïc 
Published: December 2014

Durant plusieurs décennies, un consensus général a uni la classe politique néerlandaise autour de la notion de société multiculturelle. Celle-ci est aujourd’hui largement mise en cause. Elle laisse place à une véritable fracture, opposant une opinion publique de plus en plus critique vis-à-vis de l’islam et de ses manifestations publiques – ce que traduit la poussée du populisme de droite – et une élite de gauche partiellement mobilisée autour de l’illusion du multiculturalisme.
Ig Gene Analysis Reveals Altered Selective Pressures on Ig-Producing Cells in Parotid Glands of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients
Authors: Hamza Nishath , Hershberg Uri , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , Vissink Arjan , Spijkervet Frederik K. L. , Bootsma Hendrika , Kroese Frans G. M. , Bos Nicolaas A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, we sought to understand the selective pressures shaping the Ig-producing cell repertoire in the parotid glands of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients before and after rituximab treatment (RTX). In particular, we evaluated the role of potential N-glycosylation motifs acquired by somatic hypermutation (ac-Nglycs) within Ig H chain V region (IGHV) genes as alternative selective pressures for B cells in pSS. Five pSS patients received RTX. Sequential parotid salivary gland biopsies were taken before RTX, at 12 wk and at 36–52 wk after treatment. Parotid biopsies from four non-pSS patients served as controls. Sequence analysis was carried out on the IgA and IgG RNA transcripts expressing IGHV3 genes in all parotid biopsies. Both IgG and IgA sequences from pSS patients exhibited no evidence for positive Ag-driven selection pressure in their CDRs in contrast to non-pSS controls. The prevalence of IgG sequences with ac-Nglycs was significantly higher in pSS patients than in non-pSS controls. Selection pressures shaping the IgG and IgA repertoire within pSS patients’ parotid glands are distinct from those in non-pSS controls, with very little evidence for positive (auto)antigen selection. The higher prevalence of ac-Nglycs on pSS-IgG compared with non-pSS IgG indicates that ac-Nglycs could be an alternative form of selection pressure. We speculate that B cell hyperproliferation within parotid glands of pSS patients may result from Ag-independent interactions such as that between glycosylated B cell receptors and lectins within the microenvironment rather than (auto)antigen-specific stimulation. Our study brings a new perspective into research on pSS.
Activation of an Innate Immune Receptor, Nod1, Accelerates Atherogenesis in Apoe−/− Mice
Authors: Kanno Shunsuke , Nishio Hisanori , Tanaka Tamami , Motomura Yoshitomo , Murata Kenji , Ihara Kenji , Onimaru Mitsuho , Yamasaki Sho , Kono Hajime , Sueishi Katsuo , Hara Toshiro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is essentially a vascular inflammatory process in the presence of an excess amount of lipid. We have recently reported that oral administration of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-1 ligand, FK565, induced vascular inflammation in vivo. No studies, however, have proven the association between Nod1 and atherosclerosis in vivo. To investigate a potential role of NOD1 in atherogenesis, we orally administered FK565 to apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe−/−) mice for 4 wk intermittently and performed quantification of atherosclerotic lesions in aortic roots and aortas, immunohistochemical analyses, and microarray-based gene expression profiling of aortic roots. FK565 administration accelerated the development of atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice, and the effect was dependent on Nod1 in non–bone marrow origin cells by bone marrow transplantation experiments. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the increases in the accumulation of macrophages and CD3 T cells within the plaques in aortic roots. Gene expression analyses of aortic roots demonstrated a marked upregulation of the Ccl5 gene during early stage of atherogenesis, and the treatment with Ccl5 antagonist significantly inhibited the acceleration of atherosclerosis in FK565-administered Apoe−/− mice. Additionally, as compared with Apoe−/− mice, Apoe and Nod1 double-knockout mice showed reduced development of atherosclerotic lesions from the early stage as well as their delayed progression and a significant reduction in Ccl5 mRNA levels at 9 wk of age. Data in the present study show that the Nod1 signaling pathway in non–bone marrow-derived cells contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.