bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight decades of mortality in an English high‐security hospital
Authors: Ferriter Michael , Gedeon Trevor , Buchan Sandra , Findlay Sharyn , Mbulawa Dumisani , Powney Melanie , Cormac Irene 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric patients are known to have poorer physical health than the general population and to have premature mortality, but the impact of institutional care on the physical health of patients is less clear.AimsThis study aimed to compare mortality rates and causes of death between a high‐security psychiatric hospital cohort and the general population in England for the periods 1920–1961 and 1972–2000.MethodData were obtained from various clinical and non‐clinical archives and death certificates. Standardised mortality ratios were calculated for all causes of patient death for each International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition category.ResultsMortality rates of men ever resident in Rampton Hospital were similar to those of men in the general population, but women in Rampton Hospital had nearly twice the national death rate. Younger men in the latest time period (1972–2000), however, had a higher mortality rate. Higher mortality rates in the hospital than in the general population were accounted for by infectious and parasitic diseases as well as diseases of the nervous system; rates of neoplasms and diseases of the blood and of circulatory or respiratory diseases were lower among the patients.Clinical implicationsSpecific‐cause mortality rates were compatible with our working hypothesis that the hospital could in some ways pose risks and in other ways be protective. Morbidity and causes of premature death may be environment‐specific, so recognition of the types of illness linked to premature death among high‐security hospital patients could inform improvements in the physical health of long‐stay patients. Further longitudinal studies should be undertaken to monitor trends and inform changes needed to reduce premature mortality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Active and Stable Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Mesoporous Silica Yolk–Shell Nanoreactor for Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Wei Fang , Cao Changyan , Sun Yongbin , Yang Shuliang , Huang Peipei , Song Weiguo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA yolk–shell nanoreactor with nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres as the yolk and mesoporous silica (mSiO2) as the shell, together with Pd nanoparticles uniformly encapsulated in the void space, were prepared. They showed excellent catalytic activity and stability in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid with 99 % yield in 5 min.
Separation of Ternary Mixtures by Pseudo‐Simulated Moving‐Bed Chromatography: Separation Region Analysis
Authors: Graça Nuno S. , Pais Luís S. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe application of the pseudo‐simulated moving bed process, known as JO process of Japan Organo Co., to the separation of ternary mixtures was studied. In order to perform a desired separation, the choice of the different operation parameters such as the duration of each step and its respective flow rates requires the use of a methodology that could provide the best process performance. This issue is addressed by proposing an innovative method to determine the JO operation region, which establishes the operation limits of the process. In addition, a methodology is presented to determine the separation region where a minimum purity requirement is guaranteed. This methodology was applied to a ternary mixture considering linear adsorption isotherms. It was possible to construct a separation region for minimum purity of 99.9 % in all the outlet streams and identify the best operation point in terms of the process performance.
Excilamps and their Applications
Authors: Lomaev Mikhail I. , Sosnin Eduard A. , Tarasenko Victor F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn innovative class of sources of spontaneous ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation, the so‐called excilamps, based on the nonequilibrum radiation of exciplex or excimer molecules, is described. The design and some technical characteristics of traditional excilamps excited by a dielectric barrier discharge are presented. The data concerning newly developed types of excilamps excited by runaway‐electrons‐preionized diffuse discharge both in single and pulse‐periodic modes are given as well. Some novel applications of excilamps in photochemistry, the effect of ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation on the physiological action of living organisms, photosynthesis, and growth of plants, and the use of excilamps for pre‐sowing treatment of seeds are explained in detail.
Modularisierung und automatische Anordnungsplanung der Intralogistik für modulare Containeranlagen in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Kaczmarek Sascha , Mosblech Christian , Lier Stefan , ten Hompel Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie Modularisierung von logistischen Gewerken und Entwicklung einer automatischen Anordnungsplanung von modularen Containeranlagen ist ein Ziel des Forschungsprojekts ModuLOG. Erste Untersuchungen bestätigten die Notwendigkeit neuer Förder‐ und Lagermodule für die modulare Chemieproduktion. Das in dem Forschungsprojekt konzeptionierte Containerdurchlaufregal wird dabei den Anforderungen der modularen Produktion gerecht. Neben den Produktions‐ und den entwickelten Lagermodulen existieren weitere Module in einer Containeranlage, die, für einen effizienten Betrieb, auf intelligente Weise zueinander angeordnet werden müssen. Dies wird durch die entwickelte automatische Anordnungsplanung ermöglicht.
Statistical inference for the additive hazards model under outcome‐dependent sampling
Authors: Yu Jichang , Liu Yanyan , Sandler Dale P. , Zhou Haibo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCost‐effective study designs and proper inference procedures for data from such designs are always of particular interest to study investigators. In this article, we propose a biased sampling scheme: an outcome‐dependent sampling (ODS) design for survival data with right censoring under the additive hazards model. We develop a weighted pseudo‐score estimator for the regression parameters for the proposed design and derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator. We also provide some suggestions for using the proposed method by evaluating the relative efficiency of the proposed method against simple random sampling design and derive the optimal allocation of the subsamples for the proposed design. Simulation studies show that the proposed ODS design is more powerful than other existing designs and the proposed estimator is more efficient than other estimators. We apply our method to analyze a cancer study conducted at NIEHS, the Cancer Incidence and Mortality of Uranium Miners Study, to study the risk of radon exposure to cancer. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 436–453; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Frontal and frontoparietal injury differentially affect the ipsilateral corticospinal projection from the nonlesioned hemisphere in monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Morecraft R.J. , Ge J. , Stilwell‐Morecraft K.S. , McNeal D.W. , Hynes S.M. , Pizzimenti M.A. , Rotella D.L. , Darling W.G. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTUpper extremity hemiplegia is a common consequence of unilateral cortical stroke. Understanding the role of the unaffected cerebral hemisphere in the motor recovery process has been encouraged, in part, by the presence of ipsilateral corticospinal projections (iCSP). We examined the neuroplastic response of the iCSP from the contralesional primary motor cortex (cM1) hand/arm area to spinal levels C5–T1 after spontaneous long‐term recovery from isolated frontal lobe injury and isolated frontoparietal injury. High‐resolution tract tracing, stereological, and behavioral methodologies were applied. Recovery from frontal motor injury resulted in enhanced numbers of terminal labeled boutons in the iCSP from cM1 compared with controls. Increases occurred in lamina VIII and the adjacent ventral sectors of lamina VII, which are involved in axial/proximal limb sensorimotor processing. Larger frontal lobe lesions were associated with greater numbers of terminal boutons than smaller frontal lobe lesions. In contrast, frontoparietal injury blocked this response; total bouton number was similar to controls, demonstrating that disruption of somatosensory input to one hemisphere has a suppressive effect on the iCSP from the nonlesioned hemisphere. However, compared with controls, elevated bouton numbers occurred in lamina VIII, at the expense of lamina VII bouton labeling. Lamina IX boutons were also elevated in two frontoparietal lesion cases with extensive cortical injury. Because laminae VIII and IX collectively harbor axial, proximal, and distal motoneurons, therapeutic intervention targeting the ipsilateral corticospinal linkage from cM1 may promote proximal, and possibly distal, upper‐limb motor recovery following frontal and frontoparietal injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:380–407, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper(II) Cyclam Complexes with N‐­Propionic Acid Pendant Arms
Authors: Kubeil Manja , Zarschler Kristof , Pietzsch Jens , Kraus Werner , Comba Peter , Stephan Holger 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFour cyclam (1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) ligands with different numbers of N‐substituted propionic acid groups lead to pentacoordinate copper(II) complexes that adopt trans‐I configurations (4+1 geometry), that is, the complexes have a d ground state with significant rhombic distortion. From the structural data (X‐ray diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy), as the number of secondary amine groups of the macrocyclic ring substituted with propionic acid groups increases, the distortion from square pyramidal to trigonal bipyramidal increases, and this is expected to lead to relatively low complex stabilities. This is confirmed by in vitro studies with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and human serum challenge experiments as well as by biodistribution data with the 64Cu‐labelled complexes. The 64Cu‐labelled complexes with cyclam monopropionic and dipropionic acid show high in vitro and in vivo stabilities, and the latter provides a comparable biodistribution profile to that of 64Cu–TETA (TETA = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐1,4,8,11‐tetraacetic acid).
Combining pelletizing to cold pressing in the rapeseed crushing process improves energy balance and the meal and oil quality
Authors: Quinsac Alain , Carré Patrick , Fine Frédéric 
Published: July 2015

Cold‐pressing has well‐known adverse effects on solvent extraction performances from the resulting cakes. Here, we investigated the added value of an additional pelletizing step in a batch extractor (3.5 kg) to produce pellets with better physical quality (durability, wettability, and percolation speed) for hexane extraction and desolventization. We then led a second experiment in a pilot‐scale continuous belt extractor (250 kg/h) to evaluate the feasibility of the process and its impacts on mass balance, oil and meal quality, and energy consumption. Results showed that pelletizing cold‐pressed cakes enables suitable oil extraction and meal desolventization performances. Meal quality was preserved and press oil quality enhanced due to a very low phosphorus content (<10 ppm). The energy balance of cold‐pressing was compared to the regular process using the flaking‐cooking‐pressing preparation before solvent extraction on the basis of data obtained here or from industrial crushing plants. Results showed that cold‐pressing may lead to 69% energy savings in the preparation phase (40 vs. 131 kWh/t) and 32% energy savings at whole‐process level (192 vs. 283 kWh/t). The scheme also has benefits in terms of greenhouse gas emissions (36.8 vs. 58.5 kg CO2 t−1).Practical applications: Industrial rapeseed oil extraction currently relies on a two‐step process of preparation (conditioning, flaking, cooking, pressing) and solvent extraction (percolation, miscella distillation, meal desolventizing). Cooking and desolventizing are the biggest energy users in the process. Using cold‐pressing to remove the cooking step was identified as a simple and effective way to reduce whole‐process energy consumption. Our results show that pelletizing cold‐pressed cakes not only avoids the adverse effects of cold‐pressing on solvent extraction performances but can also lead to significant energy savings and better‐quality pressing oil.Cold Pressing used as an alternative to traditional preparation allows substantial energy savings.
Perinatal programming by diets with essential fatty acid deficient/high saturated fatty acids or different n‐6/n‐3 ratios for diseases in adulthood
Authors: Strandvik Birgitta 
Published: July 2015

Fatty acids are active components in membranes, they and their metabolic products influence cell signaling, ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and gene expression. The latter might be of special interest for programming in the perinatal period for diseases in adulthood, which is difficult to study prospectively in humans and thus hitherto mainly illustrated in animal experimental research. By supplying the pregnant and/or lactating rodent with essential fatty acid deficient diets exclusively based on saturated fat or with different ratios of n‐6/n‐3 fatty acids, programming could be studied in the adult offspring. Growth and body composition, lipids, blood pressure and glucose‐insulin homeostasis, and bone mass were influenced in the adult animal despite supplying ordinary chow after weaning. Also, the influence on allergy development was studied. In prospective observational studies in human infants, both essential fatty acid composition and the concentrations of long‐chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids during early weeks of life influenced the development up to 18 months corrected age. A few studies in humans with follow up to childhood support the results of animal studies, but larger studies with longer follow ups and including mechanisms for possible epigenetic mechanisms are warranted.Practical applicationsFatty acids influence gene expression and in the context of the global increase of non‐communicable diseases with possible relation to nutrition, studies in animals and humans to evaluate the relation between quality of dietary fatty acids and programming for adult diseases might have potential impact on public health.Fatty acids may program for diseases by influencing gene expression. The time window is of importance for the long‐term effects, as illustrated by different results of dietary maternal intervention during pregnancy or lactation in animal models. The results are supporting findings in follow up of individuals exposed to the Dutch Famine during the Second World War and by recent reports of prospective studies in infants and children. The potential impact on public health warrants eagerly further studies including mechanisms.
The mission of addition and fission – catalytic functionalization of oleochemicals
Authors: Seidensticker Thomas , Vorholt Andreas J. , Behr Arno 
Published: July 2015

Oleochemicals are used in the chemical industry in numerous processes and applications, having the largest share among all other renewable resources. Besides the well‐known transformations performed at the carboxylic moiety of the alkyl chain, many natural occurring fatty compounds offer a further opportunity for refinement, that is: catalytic functionalization of the CC double bond. In the present review, the authors describe the mission of the scientific work that is performed at the chair of Technical Chemistry at the TU Dortmund towards selective and atom economic functionalization of oleochemicals. Special emphasis lays on homogenous transition metal catalysis towards potential applications of the resulting products and their continuous production in miniplant scale. The given examples are discussed in the context of the work of other groups and summarize recent developments in the field of addition and fission reactions of oleochemicals.The Mission of Addition and Fission—The functionalization of oleochemicals using homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a very elegant way for producing valuable chemicals via many possible pathways. In this review, recent contributions to e.g. addition or cleavage reactions by Behr's group at the TU Dortmund are presented and discussed in the context of relevant literature, highlighting their significance in this important field of oleochemistry.
Simple method for high purity acylated steryl glucosides synthesis
Authors: Jäger Sebastián N. , Mittelbach Martin , Cabrera Rodolfo , Labadie Guillermo R. 
Published: July 2015

The present work covers an important gap in the field of analytic standards synthesis of the plants minor component, the acyl steryl glucosides (ASG). A simple and powerful procedure that allows the synthesis of different ASG has been introduced. The regioselective acylation of steryl glucosides on the C–6–OH of the glucose was produced using sym‐collidine and acyl chloride. The reaction was optimized analyzing the conditions to maximize the isolated yield of the monoacylated product.Practical applications: The identification and quantification of acyl steryl glucosides (ASG) and steryl glucosides (SG) is a difficult task and has become increasingly important in the food, oil and biodiesel industries. There is a lack of simple synthetic approaches to prepare ASG and commercial sources of those compounds as analytical standards are expensive and sometime do not have the required purity. In this paper we are introducing a simple, powerful and versatile procedure that allows the synthesis of different ASG in a rapid and efficient way, producing the products in high purity that will enable them to be use as standards.The present work covers an important gap in the field of analytic standards synthesis of the plants minor component, the acyl steryl glucosides (ASG). A simple and powerful procedure that allows the synthesis of different ASG has been introduced.
Contribution of tocopherols and squalene to the oxidative stability of cold‐pressed pumkin seed oil (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Naziri Eleni , Mitić Milan N. , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: July 2015

Consumption of cold‐pressed pumpkin seed oil (CPSO) is gaining ground due to increasing interest in natural products. The present study aimed at the examination of the contribution of two important classes of antioxidant compounds, tocopherols and squalene, in the course of autoxidation and photo‐oxidation of this oil. Roasted pumpkin seed oil (RPSO) was used for comparison. During autoxidation studies, CPSOs were more vulnerable to oxidation than the RPSOs. The respective losses in α‐ (24–69% and 21–59%) and γ‐ (13–21% and 18–20%) tocopherols, and squalene (12–27% and 22–28%) contents, indicated their strong participation to oil resistance. Squalene exhibited a weak antioxidant activity at the early stages of autoxidation whereas tocopherols showed their antioxidant effect after 3 weeks of storage. After that period, the content of squalene remained stable whereas loss in tocopherol content continued. The contribution of tocopherols and squalene to the stability of CPSOs oils under light exposure was also important, higher than that reported for virgin olive oil under the same conditions. Overall, CPSO is more prone to oxidation than RPSO, a finding that is important in its packing and distribution line.Practical applications: Pumpkin seed oil comes to the market in two types. Little is known for the stability of the cold‐pressed one, which does not contain the strong antioxidants formed during seed roasting. The examination of the evolution of α‐ and γ‐tocopherols as well as squalene in the course of autoxidation and photo‐oxidation of cold‐pressed and roasted pumpkin seed oils is of scientific interest regarding their contribution to oil oxidation and of practical application in view of reducing loss in nutrients and other bioactive ingredients upon packing and distribution line.The present study examines the contribution of tocopherols and squalene in the course of autoxidation and photo‐oxidation of cold‐pressed pumpkin seed oil. The respective losses in both tocopherols and squalene contents, indicate their strong participation to oil resistance. The findings are of practical application in view of reducing loss in nutrients and other bioactive ingredients upon packing and distribution line.
Altered regional cortical thickness and subcortical volume in women with primary dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Liu P. , Yang J. , Wang G. , Liu Y. , Liu X. , Jin L. , Liang F. , Qin W. , Calhoun V.D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is emerging evidence that primary dysmenorrhoea (PDM) is associated with altered brain function and structure. However, few studies have investigated changes in regional cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in PDM patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in both cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between PDM patients and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsT1‐weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained from 44 PDM patients and 32 HCs matched for age and handedness. Cortical thickness was compared in multiple locations across the continuous cortical surface, and subcortical volumes were compared on a structure‐by‐structure basis. Correlation analysis was then used to evaluate relationships between the clinical symptoms and abnormal brain structure in PDM.ResultsPDM patients had significantly increased cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insula (IN), primary/secondary sensory area (SI/SII), superior temporal cortex (STC), precuneus (pCUN) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Meanwhile, significantly decreased subcortical volumes of the caudate, thalamus and amygdala were found in PDM patients. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between the PDM‐related duration and the OFC, SFC, STC and IN. The MPQ scores were positively correlated with the pCUN.ConclusionsThese findings provide further evidence for grey matter changes in patients with PDM, and in addition, the results support relationships between the structural abnormalities and their role in symptom production. All these results are likely to be potential valuable to provide us with direct information about the neural basis of PDM.
Alignment with globalized Western culture: Between inclusionary values and an exclusionary social identity
Authors: Rosenmann, PhD Amir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReactions to globalized Western culture (GWC) are influential in shaping intergroup relations and social issues worldwide. GWC is conceptualized here as an inclusionary cultural value system but a simultaneously exclusionary social identity. Whereas GWC's inclusive values may promote the civil liberties and fair treatment of gay people, for instance, as a social identity, groups may use their alignment with GWC to buttress ingroup superiority over less aligned outgroups. Three studies (one correlational and two experimental in design) probe these opposing vectors in samples of Jewish‐Israelis, who are generally highly aligned with GWC. Results demonstrate that GWC alignment is associated with decreased anti‐gay prejudice (Studies 2 and 3) but exclusionary responses towards Arab individuals and groups (Studies 1, 2, and 3), who are perceived to be less aligned with GWC. Conducted during the 2014 Israeli‐Palestinian war, Study 3 notably demonstrated that a GWC identification prime reduced Jewish‐Israelis' willingness to offer humanitarian assistance to Palestinian civilians in need. This may suggest that in some contexts, GWC's divisive function as a social identity supersedes its more inclusionary humanistic values. These contrary effects of GWC alignment by social target are discussed, alongside their implications on national, regional, and international levels.