bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Enduring Collaboration of the Getty Conservation Institute and the Dunhuang Academy in Conservation and Management at the Buddhist Cave Temples of Dunhuang, China
Authors: Agnew Neville , Demas Martha , Xudong Wang 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The World Heritage site of the Mogao Grottoes near Dunhuang is China's preeminent ancient Buddhist site on the Silk Road. It flourished between the fourth and the fourteenth centuries and comprises some 492 cave temples with wall paintings and sculpture. The Getty Conservation Institute has been working with the Dunhuang Academy since 1989 on site conservation and management using guidelines, the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China, that were developed at the national level. Elements of the successful twenty-year collaboration are discussed in the context of the conservation and management challenges faced at the site and the projects developed to address them, including conservation of the wall paintings in Cave 85, a late Tang dynasty cave with extensive deterioration induced by salts derived from the underlying rock; and visitors to the site, who have increased rapidly since the site was opened in 1979.
The Relationship Between Motor Coordination and Intelligence Across the IQ Range
Authors: Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Hill Elisabeth L. 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE:
In both clinical practice and research, motor delay is understood to be explained, at least in part, by intellectual abilities; however, no data are available to operationalize these criteria to guide clinical decision making. This study provides data on IQ and motor skills in children to answer 3 research questions concerning the relationship between IQ and motor skill: (1) Can motor coordination impairment be explained in terms of general intellectual retardation? (2) What level of motor performance should be expected given the person's measured intelligence? (3) At what point are motor difficulties considered to be in excess of those usually associated with mental retardation?

METHODS:
IQ and motor skill data were analyzed from a group of 460 children identified with/without motor difficulties from both clinical and educational settings.

RESULTS:
Typical and atypical motor skill was seen at all IQ levels, 19% of the variance in motor outcomes was explained by IQ scores, and for each SD lower IQ, a mean loss of 10 percentile motor points should be expected.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although individuals with a lower measured IQ more often showed poorer motor performance than those with a higher measured IQ, motor skill at all levels of proficiency was seen in all IQ categories. These findings have important implications for clinical judgments and decision-making, as well as for future research directions to further operationalize the criteria relating to motor disorders in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Revision, and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.
Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a Scalable, Community-based Treatment of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Foster Gary D. , Sundal Deborah , McDermott Cynthia , Jelalian Elissa , Lent Michelle R. , Vojta Deneen 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Clinic-based treatments of childhood obesity are effective but typically have limited reach and are costly. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a scalable weight management program for children and teenagers.

METHODS:
Participants were 155 children and their parent/guardian. Children had a mean ± SD age of 11.3 ± 2.8 years, BMI z score of 2.23 ± 0.41, and a percentage overweight of 72.5 ± 34.0. Most (92%) were obese, and nearly half (46.5%) were ≥99th percentile for BMI. The primary outcome was change in percentage overweight from baseline to 6 months.

RESULTS:
At 6 months, children experienced a 3.4 percentage point reduction in percentage overweight (P = .001). Children &lt;13 years had a 4.3 percentage point reduction in percentage overweight, whereas those ≥13 years had a 1.0 percentage point reduction. Those who attended a greater number of face-to-face group sessions experienced greater changes in percentage overweight. There were significant improvements in child health-related quality of life as reported by both children and their parents.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data suggest that a scalable, community-based pediatric obesity intervention can result in clinically significant reductions in percentage overweight, as well as improvements in health-related quality of life.
Successfully Controlling Unwanted Gas Production in a Highly Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Diaz Ismael , Nava Tomas , Deolarte Carlos , Castillo Oscar , Vasquez Julio , Cancino Victor , Caballero Carlos 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the successful field implementation of a conformance polymer (CP) system used to control undesired gas production in the Cantarell field, a naturally fractured offshore carbonate reservoir in southern Mexico. Gas control is a challenge in this field because high gas-oil ratios (GORs) force the operator to prematurely abandon wells because of gas-handling facility constraints, leaving substantial oil reserves in place. Case histories are presented in which the CP system was successfully applied to reduce undesired gas production to an acceptable level. The CP treatments were tailed in with foam cement to avoid overdisplacement in these fractured, depleted formations.
The CP system is based on a copolymer of acrylamide and t-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) crosslinked with polyethyleneamine (PEI). To date, more than 700 jobs have been performed with the CP system around the world, mostly to address excessive water production problems, such as coning/cresting, high-permeability streaks, gravel-pack isolation, fracture shutoff, and/or casing-leak repair. Similarly, this system provides excellent gas shutoff properties as well. The operating temperature range of this system is from 60 to 350°F. The CP system has been successfully applied to sandstone, carbonate, and shale formations requiring a conformance treatment. This system has been successfully tested to withstand a differential pressure of at least 2,500 psi and is resistant to acid, CO2, and H2S environments.
One of the most demanding scenarios for this type of polymer system is stopping gas production, especially in this reservoir where the operator must deal with a combination of high matrix permeability (3 to 10 darcy) and natural fractures. These CP treatments have proven to be economical gas shutoff solutions in difficult well/reservoir environments, yielding significant reduction of gas and/or increased oil production. A detailed description of the wells treated with the CP systems is presented along with one-year production rates after the treatment.
Differences in Clinical Presentation and Findings between Idiopathic Dilated and Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy in an Unselected Population of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Mantziari Lilian , Ziakas Antonis , Ventoulis Ioannis , Kamperidis Vasileios , Lilis Leonidas , Katsiki Niki , Karavasiliadou Savvato , Kiraklidis Konstantinos , Pliakos Christodoulos , Gemitzis Konstantinos , Karvounis Haralambos , Styliadis Ioannis H 
Published: September 2012

We explored the differences in epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic characteristics between idiopathic dilated (IDCM) and ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).
Consecutive patients with stable chronic heart failure evaluated at a tertiary cardiac centre were enrolled. Clinical examination, blood tests and echocardiographic study were performed.
A total of 76 patients (43 IDCM, 33 ICM) were studied. IDCM patients were younger (p<0.001) and female gender was more prevalent (p=0.022). NYHA class and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar. IDCM patients had lower rates of dyslipidaemia (p<0.001) but smoked more than ICM patients (p=0.023) and had higher rates of family history of sudden cardiac death (p=0.048). Blood pressure was similar but resting heart rate was higher in IDCM patients (p=0.022). IDCM patients presented less frequently with peripheral oedema or ascites (p=0.046 and 0.020, respectively) and showed better right ventricular function on echocardiogram. QRS duration was similar between groups but only in IDCM patients there was a positive correlation between QRS duration and age (r=0.619, p<0.001). Cardiac output was similar but functional capacity assessed by the Duke Activity Status Index was better in IDCM (p=0.036). Despite these differences, IDCM and ICM patients received similar treatments.
Patients with IDCM were younger, presented lower rates of right ventricular dysfunction and clinical right ventricular failure and had better functional capacity. Additional differences in clinical and laboratory findings exist pointing to a different patient population with diverse prognosis and potential need for individualized management.
Multifragmentary Tibial Pilon Fractures: Midterm Results After Osteosynthesis with External Fixation and Multiple Lag Screws
Authors: Kiene Johannes , Herzog Jan , Jürgens Christian , Paech Andreas 
Published: September 2012

Osteosynthesis of intraarticular tibial pilon fractures is preferably achieved using locking plates via a minimally invasive technique. If combined with severe soft tissue damage there is a high risk of wound-healing deficits after plate osteosynthesis. Thus our aim was to find an alternative method of treatment for those cases with combined soft tissue injuries.
We report on five cases with comminuted fractures of the joint surface combined with critical soft tissue condition that were treated with lag screws and external fixation (AO) applied across the ankle joint. All five patients were followed up, undergoing clinical and radiological examination.
Using this approach we achieved fracture healing of comminuted fractures without further complications. Clinical follow-up after an average of 55.6 (36–75) months revealed a mean AOFAS score of 81 (62–100).
We therefore propose combined treatment using lag screws with external fixation as a practical treatment option for those fractures for which lag screws combined with a locking plate are not feasible or when there is a high risk of wound-healing deficits due to severe soft tissue damage.
Repeat Western Blot Testing After Receiving an HIV Diagnosis and Its Association with Engagement in Care
Authors: Duffus Wayne A , Kintziger Kristina W , Heffelfinger James D , Delaney Kevin P , Stephens Terri , Gibson James J 
Published: September 2012

Objectives:
To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially unnecessary repeat confirmatory testing after initial HIV diagnosis and the relationship of repeat testing to medical care engagement.

Design:
South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance data for 12,504 individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection between January 1997 and December 2008 were used for this analysis. State law requires that all positive Western blot [WB] results be reported regardless of frequency.

Methods:
HIV-infected persons, diagnosed from 1997-2008 and followed through 2009, with repeat positive WB results were compared to those who did not have repeat positive WB results. We defined repeat positive testing as documentation of one or more positive WB obtained ≥90 days following initial WB confirmatory result. HIV care engagement for the period from 2007-2009 was assessed by documentation of CD4+ T-cell/viral load reports to the South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance system during each six-month period of a calendar year for those individuals diagnosed prior to the assessment period and still alive at the end. Relative risk [RR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] and multivariable general linear models were used to assess if any covariates of interest were independently associated with repeat positive confirmatory testing.

Results:A total of 4,237 [34%] of 12,504 HIV-infected individuals had results of repeat positive WB testing reported to the surveillance system during 1997-2008. Persons who had repeat positive WB testing were more likely than persons who did not have repeat WB testing to have progressed to AIDS >1 year following diagnosis [RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.61, 1.80] and to be consistently in care [RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.47] or have sporadic care [RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.68, 1.94].

Discussion:Having repeat positive WB tests may be a marker of engaging HIV care. However, given the limited resources available for care, it is important that healthcare reform policy and clinical recommendations promote improvements in communications about previous test results.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in East Asia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Schatz David Beck , Hsiao Mei-Chun , Liu Chia-Yih 
Published: September 2012

Objective: Fluctuations in ovarian steroids during specific phases of the reproductive cycle, such as pre-menstruation, have been hypothesized to contribute to women's increased vulnerability to depression. This current study's goal is to summarize the literature regarding Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in the East Asian countries of Taiwan, China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Japan, and Korea. Method: A Pubmed and Chinese Electronic Periodical Service (CEPS) literature review was conducted using the key words “Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder” along with “Japan,” “Korea,” “Taiwan,” “Hong Kong,” and “Macau.” Using these criteria, 17 articles were found. Three articles were excluded because they did not involve PMDD in the aforementioned countries. In addition to this search, an article found in a review of the research on reproductive mental health disorders in China was utilized. That review contained one article regarding PMDD with an English language abstract, which was utilized in this current article. Results: The rates of PMDD in East Asia (1.3–2.8%) appear to be lower than that seen in the Western literature (3–8%). Many of the risk factors for PMDD were the same in the Eastern and Western literature, although some key differences were found. The few studies on treatment of PMDD in East Asia have shown positive results. Conclusions: The rates of PMDD appear to be lower in East Asia, though reasons for this result are discussed. Few studies have been conducted examining the efficacy of psychotropic medications commonly used to treat PMDD in this population.
Suicidality and its Associated Factors in Cancer Patients: Results of a Multi-Center Study in Korea
Authors: Shim Eun-Jung , Park Jae-Hyun 
Published: September 2012

Objective: The current study examined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidality among Korean cancer patients. Moreover, the association of multiple psychological morbidities with suicidality was investigated among cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-center survey of 400 cancer patients was administered in five cancer-treatment hospitals throughout South Korea. Study variables were assessed using standardized measures including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview suicidality module, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Results: 20.1% (80/399) of patients were positive cases of suicidality. Having no religion ( p = .010), poor performance status ( p = .000), and psychological comorbidity ( p = .021) were significantly associated with the experience of suicidality in the multivariate analysis. Compared to “fully active” patients, patients who were capable of self-care but unable to perform any work activities had about a six times higher risk of suicidality ( p = .000). Compared to patients with no psychological morbidity, the risk of suicidality was significantly higher among patients with comorbid anxiety and depression ( p = .024), those experiencing comorbid depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ( p = 0.051), and those experiencing comorbid anxiety, depression and PTSD ( p = .001). Conclusions: This study found that having no religion, impaired levels of overall functioning, and “multiple psychological morbidities” were associated with suicidality in Korean cancer patients. These findings suggest a need for careful monitoring of these factors and enhanced comprehensive care addressing both the physical and psychosocial functioning of patients with cancer in suicide prevention efforts.
Numerical Mesoscopic Analysis of Fracture in Fine-Grained Concrete
Authors: Skarzynski Ł. , Tejchman J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract This paper presents numerical two-dimensional results for fine-grained concrete under quasi-static three-point bending at meso-scale. Concrete was modelled as a random heterogeneous three-phase material. The simulations for notched concrete beams were carried out with the standard finite element method using an isotropic damage constitutive model enhanced by a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local theory. The effect of the volume fraction, shape, size, statistical distribution and stiffness of aggregate was analysed. Moreover, the effect of the bond thickness, notch size and characteristic length of micro-structure on the material behaviour was numerically investigated. The FE results were compared with own laboratory test results and other meso-scale calculations for three-phase concrete elements.
Seismic Vulnerability Functional Method for Rapid Visual Screening of Existing Buildings
Authors: Yadollahi Mohammadreza , Adnan Azlan , Zin Rosli Mohamad 
Published: September 2012

Abstract Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method for buildings was originally developed by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) in the late 1980’s for potential seismic hazards. This is a simple and almost a quick way of assessing the building seismic vulnerability score based on visual screening. The logarithmic relationship between final score and the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) makes results somewhat difficult to interpret, especially for less technical users. This study is developed to improve the simplicity and usefulness of RVS methodology to determine the numeric scores for seismic vulnerability of buildings using vulnerability functional form. The proposed approach applies the existing method in FEMA 154 (2002) for calculating the building rank based on RVS method. In this study RVS scores are used to evaluate populations of buildings to prioritize detailed evaluations and seismic retrofits. The alternate non-logarithmic format of scoring scheme is much better meeting the needs of the project managers and decision makers, as they require results that are easier to understand. It shows the linear equivalent of RVS final scores which is consistent with the existing ranking systems used in the buildings management program such as budget allocation decision making. The results demonstrate that the weight determined for the factor of “Region Seismicity”, which is 0.4033, has the highest contribution to seismic vulnerability scores of buildings. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a hypothetical example to rank ten seismically vulnerable buildings.
Active Fault Tolerant Control for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Motor
Authors: Boukhnifer Moussa 
Published: September 2012

Active Fault Tolerant Control for Ultrasonic Piezoelectric MotorUltrasonic piezoelectric motor technology is an important system component in integrated mechatronics devices working on extreme operating conditions. Due to these constraints, robustness and performance of the control interfaces should be taken into account in the motor design. In this paper, we apply a new architecture for a fault tolerant control using Youla parameterization for an ultrasonic piezoelectric motor. The distinguished feature of proposed controller architecture is that it shows structurally how the controller design for performance and robustness may be done separately which has the potential to overcome the conflict between performance and robustness in the traditional feedback framework. A fault tolerant control architecture includes two parts: one part for performance and the other part for robustness. The controller design works in such a way that the feedback control system will be solely controlled by the proportional plus double-integralPI2 performance controller for a nominal model without disturbances andH∞robustification controller will only be activated in the presence of the uncertainties or an external disturbances. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerant control architecture.
A Wide Range Robust PSS Design Based on Power System Pole-Placement Using Linear Matrix Inequality
Authors: Ataei Mohammad , Hooshmand Rahmat-Allah , Parastegari Moein 
Published: September 2012

A Wide Range Robust PSS Design Based on Power System Pole-Placement Using Linear Matrix InequalityIn this paper, a new method for robust PSS design based on the power system pole placement is presented. In this stabilizer, a feedback gain matrix is used as a controller. The controller design is proposed by formulating the problem of robust stability in a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) form. Then, the feedback gain matrix is designed based on the desired region of the closed loop system poles. This stabilizer shifts the poles of the power system in different operational points into the desired regions ins-plane, such that the response of the power system will have proper damping ratio in all the operational points. The uncertainties of the power system parameters are also considered in this robust technique. Finally, in order to show the advantages of the proposed method in comparison with conventional PSS, some simulation results are provided for a power system case study in different operational points.
Prevention of Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes with Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Hara Naoko , Alkanani Aimon K. , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E. , Wagner Brandie D. , Frank Daniel N. , Zipris Danny 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Microbes were hypothesized to play a key role in the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We used the LEW1.WR1 rat model of Kilham rat virus (KRV)-induced T1D to test the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota is involved in the mechanism leading to islet destruction. Treating LEW1.WR1 rats with KRV and a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Sulfatrim) beginning on the day of infection protected the rats from insulitis and T1D. Pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and quantitative RT-PCR indicated that KRV infection resulted in a transient increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. in fecal samples from day 5- but not day 12-infected versus uninfected animals. Similar alterations in the gut microbiome were observed in the jejunum of infected animals on day 5. Treatment with Sulfatrim restored the level of intestinal Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. We also observed that virus infection induced the expression of KRV transcripts and the rapid upregulation of innate immune responses in Peyer’s patches and pancreatic lymph nodes. However, antibiotic therapy reduced the virus-induced inflammation as reflected by the presence of lower amounts of proinflammatory molecules in both the Peyer’s patches and pancreatic lymph nodes. Finally, Sulfatrim treatment reduced the number of B cells in Peyer’s patches and downmodulated adaptive immune responses to KRV, but did not interfere with antiviral Ab responses or viral clearance from the spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes, and serum. The data suggest that gut microbiota may be involved in promoting virus-induced T1D in the LEW1.WR1 rat model.