bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAKA: a novel cache‐aware K‐anycast routing scheme for publish/subscribe‐based information‐centric network
Authors: Ren Jing , Lu Kejie , Tang Fei , Wang Jin , Wang Jianping , Wang Sheng , Liu Shucheng 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn the past few years, many publish/subscribe‐based information‐centric network (PS‐ICN) architectures have been proposed and investigated to efficiently deliver information from content publishers to subscribers. However, most existing studies on PS‐ICN have not considered how to utilize in‐network caches, which is a common but important feature in ICN. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel cache‐aware K‐anycast routing scheme, namely, CAKA, that can significantly improve the performance of content delivery. Specifically, we choose PURSUIT, which is one of the most important PS‐ICN architectures, and leverage its bidirectional communication procedure to do the following: (1) enable multiple publishers to send probing messages to the same subscriber; and (2) allow the subscriber to retrieve content objects using K‐anycast routing and network coding. In this study, we extend the PURSUIT protocol to support cache‐aware K‐anycast routing and design the algorithms to choose multiple partially disjointed paths for probing, and to select paths for content retrieval. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we develop not only a simulation testbed, but also a prototype running in a realistic network environment. Our studies show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the average hops to retrieve content objects, with very small overheads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animals may act as social buffers: Skin conductance arousal in children with autism spectrum disorder in a social context
Authors: O'Haire Marguerite E. , McKenzie Samantha J. , Beck Alan M. , Slaughter Virginia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of social stress and anxious arousal. Preliminary evidence suggests that companion animals can act as buffers against the adverse effects of social stress in adults. We measured continuous physiological arousal in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children in a social context during four conditions: (a) a baseline of reading silently, (b) a scripted classroom activity involving reading aloud, (c) free play with peers and toys, and (d) free play with peers and animals (guinea pigs). Our results confirmed heightened arousal among children with ASD compared to TD children in all conditions, except when the animals were present. Children with ASD showed a 43% decrease in skin conductance responses during free play with peers in the presence of animals, compared to toys. Thus, animals may act as social buffers for children with ASD, conferring unique anxiolytic effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 584–595, 2015.
ExtraHF survey: the first European survey on implementation of exercise training in heart failure patients
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F. , Binno Simone , Corrà Ugo , Seferovic Petar , Conraads Viviane , Jaarsma Tiny , Schmid Jean‐Paul , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ponikowski Piotr P. ,   on behalf of the Committee on Exercise Physiology & Training of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Published: April 2015

AimsIn heart failure (HF), exercise training programmes (ETPs) are a well‐recognized intervention to improve symptoms, but are still poorly implemented. The Heart Failure Association promoted a survey to investigate whether and how cardiac centres in Europe are using ETPs in their HF patients.Methods and resultsThe co‐ordinators of the HF working groups of the countries affiliated to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) distributed and promoted the 12‐item web‐based questionnaire in the key cardiac centres of their countries. Forty‐one country co‐ordinators out of the 46 contacted replied to our questionnaire (89%). This accounted for 170 cardiac centres, responsible for 77 214 HF patients. The majority of the participating centres (82%) were general cardiology units and the rest were specialized rehabilitation units or local health centres. Sixty‐seven (40%) centres [responsible for 36 385 (48%) patients] did not implement an ETP. This was mainly attributed to the lack of resources (25%), largely due to lack of staff or lack of financial provision. The lack of a national or local pathway for such a programme was the reason in 13% of the cases, and in 12% the perceived lack of evidence on safety or benefit was cited. When implemented, an ETP was proposed to all HF patients in only 55% of the centres, with restriction according to severity or aetiology.ConclusionsWith respect to previous surveys, there is evidence of increased availability of ETPs in HF in Europe, although too many patients are still denied a highly recommended therapy, mainly due to lack of resources or logistics.
Distributions of phenolic acid antioxidants between the interfacial and aqueous regions of corn oil emulsions: Effects of pH and emulsifier concentration
Authors: Losada‐Barreiro Sonia , Bravo‐Díaz Carlos , Romsted Laurence S. 
Published: April 2015

The oxidative stability of emulsions depends on acidity because pH may affect, among other things, the concentration of antioxidants (AOs) at the reaction site. Here we investigated the effects of pH on the partition constant, PWI, and the distribution of two phenolic acid AOs, gallic (GA) and caffeic (CA), between the aqueous (W) and interfacial (I) regions, in emulsions of 1:9 (vol:vol) corn oil/acidic water and Tween 20. PWI values are independent of emulsifier concentration, but change substantially with pH following sigmoidal curves with upper limits of PWI ≈280 (GA) and PWI ≈590 (CA) at high acidity. The distributions of GA and CA between the aqueous and interfacial regions depend strongly on surfactant volume fraction, ΦI, so that at pH ∼4.0 and ΦI = 0.005, %GAI ≈20 and %CAI ≈50. These values increase to ca. %GAI = 60 and %CAI = 90 at ΦI = 0.05. Increasing the acidity produces substantial changes in %AOI. At ΦI = 0.005, a decrease in pH from ∼4 to ∼3 leads to an increase in %GAI from ∼20 to ∼60 and in %CAI from ∼50 to ∼75, respectively.Practical applications: Our results are based on the pseudophase kinetic model originally developed for association colloids and should be of interest to the food industry and food chemists because phenolic acid antioxidants are widely employed to inhibit lipid oxidation. Depending on food emulsion pH, they may be partially ionized, thus altering their concentrations in the reactive region. We expect other phenolic acids to follow the reported trends because the acidity constants of their carboxylic groups are similar. We demonstrated that the efficiency of series of homologous antioxidants (AOs) can be correlated with their percentage in the interfacial region of the emulsions. Thus, application of the pseudophase kinetic model provides a unique approach to a better understanding of the effects of factors controlling AO distributions and efficiencies and a more rational selection of AOs and emulsifiers in food stabilization (e.g., environmental (acidity, T), emulsifiers, AOs HLBs, nature of the oils, etc.)The partition constant values of phenolic acids between the aqueous and interfacial regions of emulsions, PWI, depend on acidity.
The biosynthesis of DHA is increased in the liver of diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diets and STZ, in correlation with increased activity of peroxisomal β‐oxidation
Authors: Yao Min , Hou Lianguo , Xie Tian , Liu Yang , Dai Dongxue , Shi Yun , Lian Kaoqi , Jiang Lingling 
Published: April 2015

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis in the liver is the most important source of extra‐hepatic tissue DHA. However, the levels of DHA and DHA biosynthesis in the livers of animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus remain unknown. In the current study, we used type 2 diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diets and low‐dose streptozotocin (STZ, 25 mg/kg) to investigate DHA biosynthesis in the liver during type 2 diabetes mellitus. The serum and livers were collected. Biochemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, the activity of peroxisomal β‐oxidation, and the expressions of enzymes involved in the DHA biosynthesis pathway were assayed in the liver of diabetic rats. The data showed that DHA levels were unexpectedly increased despite of the lower expressions of key enzymes, Δ5‐ and Δ6‐desaturases (Δ5D and Δ6D) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The increased DHA was accompanied by an increase in the expression of straight‐chain acyl‐CoA oxidase (SCOX), D‐bifunctional protein (DBP), and 3‐oxoacyl‐CoA thiolase (THL), as well as elevated activity of peroxisomal β‐oxidation and an increased capacity for DHA biosynthesis from C24:6n‐3. These findings indicate that DHA biosynthesis is increased in the livers of diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diets and STZ, and that this effect is related to increased activity of peroxisomal β‐oxidation, but not of ER desaturases.Practical applications: The results support the hypothesis that the dietary supplementation in diabetes with DHA and EPA is desirable.The pathway of DHA biosynthesis in the liver of rats induced by high‐fat diets and STZ is shown. DHA biosynthesis is increased in the livers of diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diets and STZ, and this effect is related to increased activity of peroxisomal β‐oxidation, but is not related to the activity of ER desaturases.
Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of functionalized graphene‐reinforced bio‐based polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Chengshuang , Zhang Yuge , Lin Ling , Ding Liang , Li Juan , Lu Rong , He Meng , Xie Hongfeng , Cheng Rongshi 
Published: April 2015

In this study, the reinforcement effects of graphene on the properties of bio‐based polyurethane (PU) were studied with the use of 1 wt% three functionalized graphene (dispersible graphene, reduced graphene oxide‐NH2, and reduced graphene oxide‐tetraethylene pentamine). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the relatively homogeneous dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets in the PU matrix. It was found that the addition of 1 wt% of the different graphenes could lead to a significant reinforcement effect on the bio‐based PU. Especially, PU nanocomposite with 1 wt% dispersible graphene exhibited 6°C improvement in the Tg, 75% increment in storage modulus at 25°C, 34% increase in tensile strength, and 30% increase in Young's modulus.Practical applications: Different graphene were used to reinforce the bio‐based PU. A significant reinforcement effect of graphene on bio‐based PU was found. This strategy has the potential for the fabrication of advanced bio‐based materials.A significant graphene reinforcement effect on bio‐based PU was found. This strategy has the potential for the fabrication of advanced bio‐based materials.
Batchwise extraction of methyl linolenate (18:3, ALA) from fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean and canola oils using silver nitrate/silica gel
Authors: McWilliams Kevin M. , Angelici Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

The incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method was used to prepare a series of AgNO3/SiO2 adsorbents that were used for the extraction of unsaturated FAMEs from hexane solutions of methyl soyate and methyl canolate. The AgNO3/SiO2‐IWI adsorbents with the highest AgNO3 loadings (40 or 50% w/w) were the most selective for the removal of methyl linolenate (18:3). For example, extractions with 40% AgNO3/SiO2‐IWI reduce the amount of 18:3 from 7.0% in methyl soyate (1.00 mL) to 1.3% while extracting only 9% of the original FAMEs mixture. The extracted FAMEs fraction has a very high 18:3 (55.6%) and 18:2 (41.9%) composition. This adsorbent maintained its selectivity for 18:3 in at least four successive extractions. Similar extractions of methyl canolate yield a biodiesel that contains much smaller amounts of 18:3. The amounts of 18:3 and 18:2 that are extracted can be controlled by the AgNO3 loading and the amount of AgNO3/SiO2‐IWI that is used.Practical applications: Results of the reported studies show that AgNO3/SiO2 is able to preferentially remove methyl linolenate (18:3, ALA) from methyl soyate and methyl canolate. This batchwise process makes these biodiesels a source of the omega‐3 fatty acid ALA and gives a biodiesel that is less sensitive to oxidative deterioration.FAMEs derived from soybean and canola oils, when treated with AgNO3/SiO2, are separated into a portion that is enriched in 18:3 (ALA) and a biodiesel that contains the more saturated FAMEs.
Rutin antinociception involves opioidergic mechanism and descending modulation of ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter in rats
Authors: Hernandez‐Leon A. , Fernández‐Guasti A. , González‐Trujano M.E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundRutin is a bioflavonoid found in fruits, vegetables and plants used in traditional medicine to alleviate pain. However, rutin's scientific evidence for the modulation of pain and its mechanism of action is lacking. It is well known that the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) contains opioidergic neural circuits involved in the modulation of descending nociception. The aim of this study was to investigate if antinociceptive activity of rutin is modulated by the PAG circuitry involving participation of opioid receptors.MethodsThe experimental design included groups of rats receiving rutin systemically (30–1000 mg/kg) or microinjected into the vlPAG (8–32 nmol/4 μL) alone or in the presence of an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (5 mg/kg, i.p. or 26 nmol/4 μL, respectively). Nociception was assessed using the formalin test and compared versus the reference drugs, tramadol and morphine.ResultsSystemic or intra‐vlPAG administration of rutin significantly decreased both phases of the formalin test. Antinociceptive responses of the reference drugs were prevented by naltrexone, whereas the antinociceptive effect of rutin was inhibited by this antagonist mainly in the phase II of the formalin test.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that rutin produces antinociceptive effects involving central modulation of the vlPAG descending circuit partly mediated by an opioidergic mechanism.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate treatment reduces thermal hyperalgesia after spinal cord injury by down‐regulating RhoA expression in mice
Authors: Álvarez‐Pérez B. , Homs J. , Bosch‐Mola M. , Puig T. , Reina F. , Verdú E. , Boadas‐Vaello P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground(−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenolic constituent found in green tea. It has been reported that may be a natural agent for reducing thermal and mechanical pain after nervous system injuries. However, the molecular pathways implicated in these beneficial effects have not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to assess the EGCG treatment effects on thermal hyperalgesia, spinal cord gliosis and modulation of Ras homologue gene family member A (RhoA), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) expression after spinal cord contusion in mice.MethodsAnimals were subjected to a spinal cord contusion. Thirty minutes after contusion and daily during the first week post‐surgery, animals were treated with EGCG or dimethyl sulfoxide‐saline (DMSO‐saline). At 7 and 14 days post‐operation, motor recovery was evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale, and nociceptive response was evaluated using the Hargreaves test. Furthermore, at 14 days, the expression of RhoA, FASN and TNF‐α proteins was quantified in the lesion site of spinal cord by Western blot technique. Finally, spinal cord samples were processed by immunohistochemical techniques for observing astrocytes, microglia and afferent nerve fibres.ResultsAt short time, EGCG treatment reduced significantly thermal hyperalgesia but had no effect on locomotor recovery in spinal cord injured mice. Furthermore, EGCG treatment down‐regulated the RhoA, FASN and TNF‐α proteins expression, and decreased astro‐ and microglia reactivity in spinal cord.ConclusionThese findings suggest that at short time EGCG treatment reduces thermal hyperalgesia and gliosis via FASN and RhoA pathway, causing a decrease in cytokines in spinal cord.
Aberrant lymphatic drainage and risk for melanoma recurrence after negative sentinel node biopsy in middle‐aged and older men
Authors: Kaveh Anthony H. , Seminara Nicole M. , Barnes Melynda A. , Berger Aaron J. , Chen Frank W. , Yao Mike , Johnson Denise , Parsa Sean , Quon Andrew , Swetter Susan M. , Sunwoo John B. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAberrant lymphatic drainage is believed to contribute to the high recurrence rate of head and neck melanomas. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical significance of unexpected lymphatic drainage patterns.MethodsA single institution retrospective analysis was performed of middle‐aged and older men (mean age, 66.2 years; range, 41–87 years) who underwent successful lymphoscintigraphy with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) from 1997 through 2012. Node status, distribution, and recurrence were assessed comparing patients with expected and unexpected drainage patterns.ResultsSixty‐six patients were identified with 55.8 months median follow‐up (range, 5.6–206.1 months). Unexpected sentinel lymph node drainage was associated with multiple basin drainage (p < .01) and greater recurrence after negative SLNB (p = .03). Both groups had similar anatomic distribution, sentinel lymph node sampling, histopathologic characteristics, follow‐up, and survival.ConclusionLymphatic drainage differing from expected patterns is associated with greater recurrence after negative SLNB in middle‐aged and older men. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E754–E760, 2016
Matted nodes: High distant‐metastasis risk and a potential indication for intensification of systemic therapy in human papillomavirus–related oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Vainshtein Jeffrey M. , Spector Matthew E. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Bradford Carol R. , Wolf Gregory T. , Stenmark Matthew H. , Worden Francis P. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Prince Mark E. , Carey Thomas , Chepeha Douglas B. , Eisbruch Avraham 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether matted nodes uniquely identify patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancer at disproportionately high distant failure risk who may benefit from intensified systemic therapy.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐eight patients with stage III/IV HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer who completed definitive chemoradiotherapy were stratified by risk group (low‐risk = T1–3/N0–2c/<10 pack‐years; intermediate‐risk = T1–3/N0–2c/≥10 pack‐years; and high‐risk = T4 or N3). Prognostic impact of matted nodes was assessed.ResultsAt the 52‐month median follow‐up, event rates with and without matted nodes were: locoregional failure: 23.3% versus 12.8% (p = .16), distant failure: 50.0% versus 1.4% (p < .01), any failure: 73.3% versus 14.2% (p < .01); cause‐specific mortality: 56.7% versus 5.4% (p < .01), and death: 56.7% versus 13.5% (p < .01). In multivariate analyses, including risk group and individual risk factors, matted nodes were the strongest predictor for all endpoints except locoregional failure. Among patients without matted nodes, risk‐group discriminated locoregional failure (at 3 years: low‐risk = 2.0%; intermediate‐risk = 14.4%; and high‐risk = 24.2%; p < .01), but not distant failure (low‐risk = 0.0%; intermediate‐risk = 2.1%; and high‐risk = 3.8%; p = .53).ConclusionMatted nodes portended dramatically increased distant failure and death risks in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer, identifying a candidate population for consideration of chemo‐intensification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E805–E814, 2016
Product environmental footprint in policy and market decisions: Applicability and impact assessment
Authors: Lehmann Annekatrin , Bach Vanessa , Finkbeiner Matthias 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In April 2013, the European Commission published the Product and Organisation Environmental Footprint (PEF/OEF) methodology—a life cycle-based multicriteria measure of the environmental performance of products, services, and organizations. With its approach of “comparability over flexibility,” the PEF/OEF methodology aims at harmonizing existing methods, while decreasing the flexibility provided by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards regarding methodological choices. Currently, a 3-y pilot phase is running, aiming at testing the methodology and developing product category and organization sector rules (PEFCR/OEFSR). Although a harmonized method is in theory a good idea, the PEF/OEF methodology presents challenges, including a risk of confusion and limitations in applicability to practice. The paper discusses the main differences between the PEF and ISO methodologies and highlights challenges regarding PEF applicability, with a focus on impact assessment. Some methodological aspects of the PEF and PEFCR Guides are found to contradict the ISO 14044 (2006) and ISO 14025 (2006). Others, such as prohibition of inventory cutoffs, are impractical. The evaluation of the impact assessment methods proposed in the PEF/OEF Guide showed that the predefined methods for water consumption, land use, and abiotic resources are not adequate because of modeling artefacts, missing inventory data, or incomplete characterization factors. However, the methods for global warming and ozone depletion perform very well. The results of this study are relevant for the PEF (and OEF) pilot phase, which aims at testing the PEF (OEF) methodology (and potentially adapting it) as well as addressing challenges and coping with them. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:417–424. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
This paper discusses the main differences between the PEF and ISO methodologies and highlights challenges regarding its applicability, with a focus on impact assessment. It is shown that some methodological aspects of the PEF and PEFCR Guides are contradictory to ISO 14044 (2006) and ISO 14025 (2006), and many of these aspects, like the banning of cut-off criteria, seem to be hardly applicable. The evaluation of the impact assessment methods proposed in the PEF Guide showed that the predefined methods for water consumption, land use, and abiotic resources are not adequate due to modeling artefacts, missing inventory data, or incomplete characterization factors. The results of this study are relevant for the PEF (and OEF) pilot phase, which aims at testing the PEF (OEF) methodology (and potentially adapting it), as well as addressing challenges and how to cope with them.