bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human land occupation regulates the effect of the climate on the burned area of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Segura-Garcia Carlota , Bauman David , S. Arruda Vera L. , C. Alencar Ane A. , Oliveras Menor Imma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman activities and climate change are transforming fire regimes globally. The interaction between these two drivers is poorly understood, yet critical if we aim at predicting how biomes will respond to novel fire regimes. In the Brazilian Cerrado, altered fire regimes are threatening its unique biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, using geospatial data for the period 1985-2020 and a causal inference framework to design Bayesian statistical models, we demonstrate that a larger human presence in the landscape (≥40% land-use area) reduces the Cerrado’s burned area and hinders its responsiveness to climate; while climatic effects only become apparent in landscapes with little human presence, where hotter and drier conditions increase burned area. Finally, we find spatially heterogeneous burned area trends over time, with increases associated to climate change in landscapes that have remained mostly intact, and decreases caused by anthropic expansion. Both diverging trends have important implications for the conservation of the Cerrado as land-use expansion and climate change continue to unfold.
Environmental governance is critical for mitigating human displacement due to weather-related disasters
Authors: Meng Sisi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of climate change is increasingly evident through intensified and more frequent weather-related events, resulting in a higher likelihood of disaster-induced displacement. In response, effective adaptation and resilience-building measures implemented through environmental governance are crucial. Here, we investigate the relationship between environmental governance (measured by the Notre Dame Country Index) and weather-related disaster displacements. Using a panel dataset of 92 countries from 2010 to 2020, Granger non-causality tests reveal a strong bidirectional relationship between environmental governance and disaster displacement. The relationship is primarily driven by governance readiness in the higher-income group, while both governance and economic readiness are crucial in the middle-income group. Notably, all three readiness components appear significant in the lower-income group, emphasizing the imperative for comprehensive disaster management strategies that address economic development, governmental effectiveness, and social conditions. These findings underscore the importance of effective environmental governance for climate change adaptation and sustainable development goals.
Efficient deep learning-based automated diagnosis from echocardiography with contrastive self-supervised learning
Authors: Holste Gregory , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Mortazavi Bobak J. , Wang Zhangyang , Khera Rohan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Advances in self-supervised learning (SSL) have enabled state-of-the-art automated medical image diagnosis from small, labeled datasets. This label efficiency is often desirable, given the difficulty of obtaining expert labels for medical image recognition tasks. However, most efforts toward SSL in medical imaging are not adapted to video-based modalities, such as echocardiography.

Methods
We developed a self-supervised contrastive learning approach, EchoCLR, for echocardiogram videos with the goal of learning strong representations for efficient fine-tuning on downstream cardiac disease diagnosis. EchoCLR pretraining involves (i) contrastive learning, where the model is trained to identify distinct videos of the same patient, and (ii) frame reordering, where the model is trained to predict the correct of video frames after being randomly shuffled.

Results
When fine-tuned on small portions of labeled data, EchoCLR pretraining significantly improves classification performance for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and aortic stenosis (AS) over other transfer learning and SSL approaches across internal and external test sets. When fine-tuning on 10% of available training data (519 studies), an EchoCLR-pretrained model achieves 0.72 AUROC (95% CI: [0.69, 0.75]) on LVH classification, compared to 0.61 AUROC (95% CI: [0.57, 0.64]) with a standard transfer learning approach. Similarly, using 1% of available training data (53 studies), EchoCLR pretraining achieves 0.82 AUROC (95% CI: [0.79, 0.84]) on severe AS classification, compared to 0.61 AUROC (95% CI: [0.58, 0.65]) with transfer learning.

Conclusions
EchoCLR is unique in its ability to learn representations of echocardiogram videos and demonstrates that SSL can enable label-efficient disease classification from small amounts of labeled data.
A dual benchmarking study of facial forgery and facial forensics
Authors: Pham Minh Tam , Huynh Thanh Trung , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Nguyen Thanh Toan , Nguyen Thanh Thi , Jo Jun , Yin Hongzhi , Hung Nguyen Quoc Viet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, visual facial forgery has reached a level of sophistication that humans cannot identify fraud, which poses a significant threat to information security. A wide range of malicious applications have emerged, such as deepfake, fake news, defamation or blackmailing of celebrities, impersonation of politicians in political warfare, and the spreading of rumours to attract views. As a result, a rich body of visual forensic techniques has been proposed in an attempt to stop this dangerous trend. However, there is no comprehensive, fair, and unified performance evaluation to enlighten the community on best performing methods. The authors present a systematic benchmark beyond traditional surveys that provides in‐depth insights into facial forgery and facial forensics, grounding on robustness tests such as contrast, brightness, noise, resolution, missing information, and compression. The authors also provide a practical guideline of the benchmarking results, to determine the characteristics of the methods that serve as a comparative reference in this never‐ending war between measures and countermeasures. The authors’ source code is open to the public.
High‐isolation single‐layer dual‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide diplexers for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Dong‐Fang , Gong Ke , An Na , Zhang De‐Wei , Qian Hang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNew coupling scheme substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers based on dual‐mode cavities are proposed for millimetre‐wave applications. Dual‐mode SIW cavities are simultaneously employed in common input and coupling cavity to produce filtering transmission poles and transmission zero (TZ). A common input SIW cavity with two orthogonal modes is employed instead of the traditional T‐junction for circuit miniaturisation, insertion‐loss reduction, and intrinsically high isolation. A critical dual‐mode SIW cavity with diagonally distributed modes has been employed in each channel to realise a controllable stopband TZ for high selectivity of passband's skirt. To further improve channel isolation and passbands' selectivity, a SIW diplexer based on dual‐ and single‐mode cavities is proposed, and four‐pole responses for each passband channel are designed. For the verification, two millimetre‐wave diplexers have been fabricated and tested.
SubDLe: Identification of substructures in cosmological simulations with deep learning
Authors: Esposito Michela , Borgani Stefano , Murante Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

Context. The identification of substructures within halos in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations is a fundamental step to identify the simulated counterparts of real objects, namely galaxies. For this reason, substructure finders play a crucial role in extracting relevant information from the simulation outputs. In general, they are based on physically motivated definitions of substructures, performing multiple steps of particle-by-particle operations, and for this reason they are computationally expensive.
Aims. The purpose of this work is to develop a fast algorithm to identify substructures, especially galaxies, in simulations. The final aim, besides a faster production of subhalo catalogs, is to provide an algorithm fast enough to be applied with a fine time cadence during the evolution of the simulations. Having access to galaxy catalogs while the simulation is evolving is indeed necessary for sub-resolution models based on the global properties of galaxies.
Methods. In this context, machine learning methods offer a wide range of automated tools for fast analysis of large data sets. So, we chose to apply the architecture of a well-known fully convolutional network, U-Net, for the identification of substructures within the mass density field of the simulation. We have developed SubDLe (Substructure identification with Deep Learning), an algorithm that combines a 3D generalization of U-Net and a Friends-of-Friends algorithm, and trained it to reproduce the identification of substructures performed by the SubFind algorithm in a set of zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters. For the feasibility study presented in this work, we have trained and tested SubDLe on galaxy clusters at z = 0, using a NVIDIA P100 GPU. We focused our tests on the version of the algorithm working on the identification of purely stellar substructures, stellar SubDLe.
Results. Our stellar SubDLe proved very efficient in identifying most of the galaxies, 82% on average, in a set of 12 clusters at z = 0. In order to prove the robustness of the method, we also performed some tests at z = 1 and increased the resolution of the input density grids. The average time taken by our SubDLe to analyze one cluster is about 70 s, around a factor 30 less than the typical time taken by SubFind in a single computing node.
Conclusions. Our stellar SubDLe is capable of identifying the majority of galaxies in the challenging high-density environment of galaxy clusters in short computing times. This result has interesting implications in view of the possibility of integrating fast subhalo finders within simulation codes, which can take advantage of accelerators available in state-of-the-art computing nodes.
When societalization stalls: the semantics of code switching and the work of the soft legal realm
Authors: Moore Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dominant sociological view is that there are too many public crises. This article points to a different problem, namely the tendency for societalization to stall and for too few public crises to be fully realized. Anchored in a detailed analysis of the response to the UK Metropolitan police killing of Jean Charles de Menezes in 2005 and the Grenfell Tower fire in 2017, the article explores how crisis-events unfold, from their early conception in media coverage through to their treatment as events to be investigated and reviewed. A particular point of focus is the role of a soft legal realm in handling the second of these phases of societalization. In sketching out the work, principles and functions of the soft legal realm, the article suggests that we conceive of this as an interstitial institution, one that, in the early twenty-first century, has become predominantly responsible for the translation and treatment of would-be public crises in the UK, and beyond. The article ends by identifying a set of key threats to the legitimacy of this institution in managing the messy border relations of the civil and non-civil sphere.
In search of global sociology: a critical overview of competing research agendas
Authors: Roudometof Victor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article critically examines the idea of global sociology in relationship to the discipline of Sociology. While the discipline initially emerged in Western societies, in the post-1945 era, the field extended its reach to the rest of the world. The intellectual project of global sociology emerged in the 1960s and has been on the agenda of the International Sociological Association since at least 1990. Delving deeper than the mere notion of a sociology that is applied to the world, global sociology requires the re-examination of the role of core sociological concepts and narratives, especially regarding the extent to which these reflect Eurocentric preoccupations. Global modernisation (alongside Global Studies) and Postcolonial Sociology, two of the most widely known research fields claiming global intent, are examined as to whether they provide meaningful blueprints for global sociology. Both offer promising insights but also suffer from important drawbacks. Instead of attempting to unearth new grand narratives that would displace the narrative of Western modernity, though, it might be possible to envision a plurality of such narratives coming from different regions of the globe. Sociology can thus be conceived not as exclusively global but also as local and glocal.
Do global innovation networks influence the status of global value chains? Based on a patent cooperation network perspective
Authors: Xu Shenyi , Lian Ganghui , Song Miaoyuan , Xu Aiting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder the impact of economic globalization, the internationalization of production and trade has given rise to global value chains (GVCs) and global innovation networks (GINs); however, few studies have explored the link between these two networks. This paper constructs a global innovation cooperation network based on patent cooperation data and then analyzes the impact of different network characteristics on improving global value chain status. Empirical research shows that the characteristics of GINs significantly affect GVC status; the higher the eigenvector centrality and network connectivity, the higher the country’s GVC status. Moreover, a higher degree of constraint is associated with a lower GVC status for the country concerned. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals apparent differences in the impact of GINs on different countries, manifesting as a catalytic effect in developed countries and as a disincentive in emerging economies; the effect is less apparent in developing countries. This paper provides theoretical support for the development of technological innovation activities and provides a reference for government departments to formulate policies on cross-border technological innovation cooperation.
Fragmented property rights and their risks on foreclosed housing: a qualitative comparative analysis based on judicial auctions in China
Authors: Qian Xingyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring China’s transition towards land and housing marketization in the 1980s to 1990s, a series of legal and policy arrangements led to the separation of land ownership from land-use rights, followed by the separation of housing ownership from land-use rights. This has institutionally fragmented the housing property rights, allowing properties to be financialized as collaterals. Consequently, the fragmentation of housing property rights inflicts substantial risks on judicial auctions of foreclosed housing. As China’s real estate sector is grappling with a mounting debt crisis, it becomes imperative to enhance the efficiency of judicial auctions to address bank debts and stabilize the housing financial system. By employing the cs-QCA method with a dataset comprising 136 cases of foreclosed properties, this study reveals the critical role of various configurations of property-rights risks in determining the outcome of judicial auctions. Additionally, it identifies the importance of credible commitments offered by the courts in mitigating property-rights risks. The research expects to provide practical and theoretical insights for China’s courts and financial institutions to manage foreclosed properties effectively.
Co-designing inclusive excellence in higher education: Students’ and teachers’ perspectives on the ideal online learning environment using the I-TPACK model
Authors: Saenen Liesbet , Hermans Katrien , Do Nascimento Rocha Maristela , Struyven Katrien , Emmers Elke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOnline education remains challenging for many institutions of higher education (HE). COVID-19 lockdowns have demonstrated inequalities, underlining the need for more study on its effects on access and engagement. The recent I-TPACK model enables teachers to utilize technological resources to meet diverse learning needs, improve accessibility, and create engaging learning experiences for all students. Online inclusive learning environments (LEs) necessitate a comprehensive understanding of teacher and student needs and perspectives within HE, a level of education that is currently understudied. Moreover, in inclusive and online education, their voices are underrepresented in research and policy discussions, despite their importance. This study aims to investigate how teachers and students in HE articulate their preferred inclusive online LE and therefore adopted a qualitative research approach including homogeneous focus groups, directed by the I-TPACK model. Results present students’ and teachers’ key elements and conditions of an inclusive online LE. However, there is little preparation and common language on how to implement them. Online LEs’ inclusion potential is still underappreciated. This research provides policy suggestions closely aligned with practical application and highlights the necessity of venturing beyond the comfort zone exploring inclusive online practices, as presented by the I-TPACK model.
Effect of dielectric material on the uniformity of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: ZHOU 周 Wenhao 文昊 , ZHANG 张 Dongxuan 东璇 , DUAN 段 Xiaohui 晓慧 , ZHU 祝 Xi 曦 , LIU 刘 Feng 峰 , FANG 方 Zhi 志 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is considered as a promising technique to produce large volume uniform plasma at atmospheric pressure, and the dielectric barrier layer between the electrodes plays a key role in the DBD processes and enhancing discharge uniformity. In this work, the uniformity and discharge characteristics of the nanosecond (ns) pulsed DBD with dielectric barrier layers made of alumina, quartz glass, polycarbonate (PC), and polypropylene (PP) are investigated via discharge image observation, voltage-current waveform measurement and optical emission spectral diagnosis. Through analyzing discharge image by gray value standard deviation method, the discharge uniformity is quantitatively calculated. The effects of the space electric field intensity, the electron density (N
e), and the space reactive species on the uniformity are studied with quantifying the gap voltage U
g and the discharge current I
g, analyzing the recorded optical emission spectra, and simulating the temporal distribution of N
e with a one-dimensional fluid model. It is found that as the relative permittivity of the dielectric materials increases, the space electric field intensity is enhanced, which results in a higher N
e and electron temperature (T
e). Therefore, an appropriate value of space electric field intensity can promote electron avalanches, resulting in uniform and stable plasma by the merging of electron avalanches. However, an excessive value of space electric field intensity leads to the aggregation of space charges and the distortion of the space electric field, which reduce the discharge uniformity. The surface roughness and the surface charge decay are measured to explain the influences of the surface properties and the second electron emission on the discharge uniformity. The results in this work give a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the dielectric materials on the DBD uniformity, and contribute to the selection of dielectric materials for DBD reactor and the realization of atmospheric pressure uniform, stable, and reactive plasma sources.
Memories of Spain in Sylvia Townsend Warner and John Cowper Powys
Authors: Connor John T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter pairs Sylvia Townsend Warner and John Cowper Powys as mid-century Left historical novelists, neither of whom quite neatly inhabited the national-popular form of the genre: Powys as a former communist fellow-traveller turned anarchist, and Warner as a ‘Third Period’ recruit to the Party whose primary allegiance was to the cause of peasant struggle and revolution in the countryside. Both writers were passionate about the Civil War in Spain, however, and it was to raise awareness and funds for the Republican side that in 1937 they briefly shared a Communist Party stage. The chapter records the impress of Spain on their major fictions of the 1940s. It reads Powys’ dark-age romance Porius (1951) as a sophisticated reckoning with the ethics of historical agency anchored in the failure of the anarchist social experiment in Catalonia, and Warner’s The Corner That Held Them (1948) as a fable of feudalism.
Parables of Survival
Authors: Connor John T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This epilogue traces a line of descent from the mid-century to the far side of postmodernism and our own contemporary moment. It begins with Raymond Williams in the 1980s urging writers and critics to break from the ‘long and bitter impasse of a once liberating modernism’. Williams’ target was the modernism of the cultural Cold War, its academic, New Left, and mass-cultural inscriptions, and the postmodernism he saw as its heir. In their place, he looked to install a countercanon of mid-century texts, including a communist historical novel by the Welsh writer Gwyn Thomas. This chapter assesses the influence of Thomas’s All Things Betray Thee (1949) on Williams’ own historical novel trilogy, People of the Black Mountains (1989–90). It argues that Williams took from his mid-century writers a conception of politics that now resonates with contemporary attempts to revitalize activist theory and revive the historical novel as a social movement genre.