bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Disability in Older Adults: Is Chronic Pain a Contributor?
Authors: Buckalew Neilly , Haut Marc W. , Aizenstein Howard , Rosano Caterina , Edelman Kathryn Dunfee , Perera Subashan , Marrow Lisa , Tadic Stasa , Venkatraman Vijay , Weiner Debra 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo primarily explore differences in global and regional white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in older adults with self‐reported disabling and nondisabling chronic low back pain (CLBP) and to examine the association of WMH with gait speed in all participants with CLBP. To secondarily compare WMH of the participants with CLBP with the pain‐free controls.DesignA cross‐sectional, case‐control study.SettingUniversity of Pittsburgh.ParticipantsTwenty‐four community‐dwelling older adults: 8 with self‐reported disabling CLBP, 8 with nondisabling CLBP, and 8 were pain‐free. Exclusions were psychiatric or neurologic disorders (either central or peripheral), substance abuse, opioid use, or diabetes mellitus.MethodsAll participants underwent structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, and all participants with CLBP underwent the 4‐m walk test.Main Outcome MeasurementsAll the participants were assessed for both global and regional WMH by using an automated localization and segmentation method, and gait speed of participants with CLBP.ResultsThe disabled group demonstrated statistically significant regional WMH in a number of left hemispheric tracts: anterior thalamic radiation (P = .0391), lower cingulate (P = .0336), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (P = .0367), superior longitudinal fasciculus (P = .0011), and the superior longitudinal fasciculus branch to the temporal lobe (P = .0072). Also, there was a statistically significant negative association (rs = −0.57; P = .0225) between the left lower cingulate WMH and the gait speed in all the participants with CLBP. There was a statistical difference in global WMH burden (P = .0014) and nearly all regional tracts (both left and right hemispheres) when comparing CLBP with pain‐free participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that WMH is associated with, and hence, may be accelerated by chronic pain manifesting as perceived disability, given the self‐reported disabled CLBP patients had the greatest burden, and the pain free the least, and manifesting as measurable disability, given increasing WMH was associated with decreasing gait speed in all chronic pain participants.
Game theory-based negotiation for multiple robots task allocation
Authors: Cui Rongxin , Guo Ji , Gao Bo 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates task allocation for multiple robots by applying the game theory-based negotiation approach. Based on the initial task allocation using a contract net-based approach, a new method to select the negotiation robots and construct the negotiation set is proposed by employing the utility functions. A negotiation mechanism suitable for the decentralized task allocation is also presented. Then, a game theory-based negotiation strategy is proposed to achieve the Pareto-optimal solution for the task reallocation. Extensive simulation results are provided to show that the task allocation solutions after the negotiation are better than the initial contract net-based allocation. In addition, experimental results are further presented to show the effectiveness of the approach presented.
Physicochemical and biological dynamics in a coastal Antarctic lake as it transitions from frozen to open water
Authors: Dieser Markus , Foreman Christine M. , Jaros Christopher , Lisle John T. , Greenwood Mark , Laybourn-Parry Johanna , Miller Penney L. , Chin Yu-Ping , Mcknight Diane M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPony Lake, at Cape Royds, Antarctica, is a shallow, eutrophic, coastal lake that freezes solid in the winter. Changes in Pony Lake's physicochemical parameters and microbial community were studied during the transition from ice to open water. Due to rising water temperatures, the progressive melt of the ice column and the gradual mixing of basal brines into the remaining water column, Pony Lake evolved physically and chemically over the course of the summer, thereby affecting the microbial community composition. Temperature, pH, conductivity, nutrients and major ion concentrations reached their maximum in January. Pony Lake was colonized by bacteria, viruses, phytoflagellates, ciliates, and a small number of rotifers. Primary and bacterial production were highest in mid-December (2.66 mg C l-1d-1and 30.5 μg C l-1d-1, respectively). A 16S rRNA gene analysis of the bacterioplankton revealed 34 unique sequences dominated by members of theβ- andγ-proteobacterialineages. Cluster analyses on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) banding patterns and community structure indicated a shift in the dominant members of the microbial community during the transition from winter ice, to early, and late summer lakewater. Our data demonstrate that temporal changes in physicochemical parameters during the summer months determine community dynamics and mediate changes in microbial species composition.
Knockdown of cathepsin D in zebrafish fertilized eggs determines congenital myopathy
Authors: Follo Carlo , Ozzano Matteo , Montalenti Claudia , Santoro Massimo Mattia , Isidoro Ciro 
Published: March 2013

CD (cathepsin D) is a ubiquitous lysosomal hydrolase involved in a variety of pathophysiological functions, including protein turnover, activation of pro-hormones, cell death and embryo development. CD-mediated proteolysis plays a pivotal role in tissue and organ homoeostasis. Altered expression and compartmentalization of CD have been observed in diseased muscle fibres. Whether CD is actively involved in muscle development, homoeostasis and dystrophy remains to be demonstrated. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a valuable ‘in vivo’ vertebrate model for muscular degeneration and congenital myopathies. In this work, we report on the perturbance of the somitic musculature development in zebrafish larvae caused by MPO (morpholino)-mediated silencing of CD in oocytes at the time of fertilization. Restoring CD expression, using an MPO-non-matching mutated mRNA, partially rescued the normal phenotype, confirming the indispensable role of CD in the correct development and integrity of the somitic musculature. This is the first report showing a congenital myopathy caused by CD deficiency in a vertebrate experimental animal model.
Changes in retinal aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in glaucoma
Authors: Yang Ming-Hui , Dibas Adnan , Tyan Yu-Chang 
Published: March 2013

The eye contains numerous water channel proteins and the roles of AQPs (aquaporins) in the retina are blurred, especially under disease conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of AQP9 gene and proteins affected by elevated IOP (intraocular pressure) in a rat model of glaucoma induced by intravitreous injection of hypertonic saline into the episcleral veins. The gene and protein expressions of AQP9 were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The immunoreactive expression of AQP9, AQP4 and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the optic nerve of rats exposed to experimentally elevated IOP was detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. The mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP9 were up-regulated in the retina of an animal model of glaucoma. The immunoreactivities of the AQP9, AQP4 and GFAP were also detected and increased in the optic nerve region. The expression of AQP9 was up-regulated in this glaucoma model and the immunoreactivities of the AQP4 and GFAP were also detected as co-localizing with AQP9 in the optic nerve region, indicating retina ganglion cells were surrounded by activated astrocytes. This may indicate that the injured neurons may rely on the astrocytes. The alterations of AQP expression may compensate the glaucomatous damage.
An experimental system for high temperature X-ray diffraction studies with in situ mechanical loading
Authors: Oswald Benjamin B. , Schuren Jay C. , Pagan Darren C. , Miller Matthew P. 
Published: March 2013

An experimental system with in situ thermomechanical loading has been developed to enable high energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of crystalline materials. The system applies and maintains loads of up to 2250 N in uniaxial tension or compression at a frequency of up to 100 Hz. The furnace heats the specimen uniformly up to a maximum temperature of 1200 °C in a variety of atmospheres (oxidizing, inert, reducing) that, combined with in situ mechanical loading, can be used to mimic processing and operating conditions of engineering components. The loaded specimen is reoriented with respect to the incident beam of x-rays using two rotational axes to increase the number of crystal orientations interrogated. The system was used at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source to conduct experiments on single crystal silicon and polycrystalline Low Solvus High Refractory nickel-based superalloy. The data from these experiments provide new insights into how stresses evolve at the crystal scale during thermomechanical loading and complement the development of high-fidelity material models.
Localized impedance measurements of AA2024 and AA2024‐T3 performed by means of AFM in contact mode
Authors: Arutunow Anna , Zieliński Artur , Tobiszewski Mateusz T. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the results of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based approach to local impedance spectroscopy (LIS) measurement performed on AA2024 and AA2024‐T3 aluminium alloys.Design/methodology/approachAFM‐LIS measurements were performed ex‐situ without the electrolyte environment, so in fact the electrical not electrochemical impedance was obtained.FindingsRelative local impedance values recorded for AA2024 alloy during the researches carried out were maximally approximately three orders of magnitude higher than the ones obtained for age‐hardened AA2024‐T3 alloy. Moreover, in the case of AA2024‐T3 alloy, a region located in the interior of α crystals exhibited localized impedance one order of magnitude higher than that measured at its grain boundary when affected by intergranular corrosion.Originality/valueThe paper presents differences in localized impedance between grain and grain boundaries activity.
Study of the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water
Authors: Zakowski K. , Szocinski M. , Narozny M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the sedimentation of calcareous deposits occurs on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water.Design/methodology/approachSteel electrodes were cathodically polarized in natural Baltic sea water at potential +0.150 V vs Zn electrode in potentiostatic mode. During exposure chronoamperometric measurements were carried out. After the exposure, the electrode's surface was examined by scanning atomic force microscope (AFM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deposit composition was examined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Comparative investigation was carried out in 1 percent NaCl solution (comparable to the salinity of Baltic sea water).FindingsDuring cathodic polarization in Baltic sea water, non‐conducting calcareous deposits developed on steel surface. These deposits significantly lowered the cathodic current demand. Morphology and EDX spectroscopy of the deposit indicated that it was built mainly of aragonite (polymorph of CaCO3). No non‐conducting deposits on cathodically protected steel electrodes developed in 1 percent NaCl solution.Originality/valueComposition of Baltic sea water favours the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodically protected steel. Sedimentation is a beneficial and desired phenomenon from the point of view of cathodic protection system of maritime construction as it facilitates polarization. Evolution of calcareous deposits should be taken into account as one of the environmental factors when designing a cathodic protection system.
EIS study on the corrosion behavior of rusted carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution
Authors: Hu Jiayuan , Cao Shun‐an , Xie Jianli 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the long‐term corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution and evaluate the effect of rust layer on the corrosion process.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion behavior of rusted carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution was studied by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).FindingsThe results indicated that the corrosion of carbon steel was affected by chloride ion in initial immersion and then controlled by the rust layer. The rust layer consisted of a thin outer layer (γ‐FeOOH layer) and a thick inner layer (Fe3O4 layer). The outer rust layer facilitated the cathodic process via reduction of γ‐FeOOH, while the inner rust layer provided a large cathode area and oxygen could be reduced on its surface. As a result, the corrosion rate of carbon steel was determined by the limiting diffusion rate of oxygen and stabilized at a high value.Originality/valueThe corrosion model of rusted carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution was established. It is probable that the iron rust in all slightly acidic water with low alkalinity can promote the corrosion process via reduction of γ‐FeOOH. Anti‐corrosion measures for iron in this type of solutions should be aimed to reduce the promoting effect of rust layer on the metal corrosion. The NaCl solution prepared from tap water is more suitable for the substitution of artificial water than that prepared from deionized water.
Atmospheric corrosion map of an oil refinery
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Ali , Neshati Jaber , Reza Bagherzadeh Mohammad , Ghanizadeh Shahram 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw up an atmospheric corrosion map for an industrial zone to determine the best coating system for each location.Design/methodology/approachThe outdoor atmospheric corrosion rate was measured at eight locations distributed in an oil refinery during a year. Corrosion rates were measured by weight loss of carbon steel coupons, according to ISO Standard 9223. Weathering conditions, including temperature, time of wetness, and atmospheric pollution such as chloride precipitation and sulfur content also were measured. The results were analyzed using “Surfer 8” software and the corrosion map of the refinery was derived.FindingsAn atmospheric corrosion map was derived for the oil refinery. By this approach, coating system for equipment can be selected based exactly on where the plant item is located.Originality/valueExterior coating systems for equipment now can be selected based on their application, regardless of their position in any refinery. In this article, an atmospheric corrosion map was developed for a refinery for the first time. The position of equipment on the corrosion map is a new parameter that should be considered for coating system selection.
Dynamic publishing: a new breakthrough for learning technologies
Authors: Little Bob 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a new development in learning technology, while also demonstrating detailed knowledge of key developments. The new development in learning technology – known as dynamic publishing – makes possible advances in personalised and mobile learning delivery, among other things.Design/methodology/approachThe paper gives an explanation of key terms, including LMS, LCMS, static publishing, dynamic publishing – and their key features and benefits.FindingsDynamic publishing offers ten key benefits.Research limitations/implicationsDynamic publishing offers many advantages to both developers of online learning and users of online learning. In particular, it enables innovative business modelling, along with skills and media personalisation solutions – leading to overall content strategy optimisation.Practical implicationsThere are a number of practical implications for learning content developers, learning and development managers and learners. At most, dynamic publishing could revolutionise the way that online learning contents are developed, stored, accessed and delivered – on an individualised basis – to learners.Social implicationsThis could change not just the world of corporate learning (and online learning especially) but also the way that academic knowledge is imparted.Originality/valueThis learning technology – of dynamic publishing – is, as yet, in its early stages. As with all technologies of recent times, it is set to develop rapidly.
“New leadership” and creating the high performance organisation: part 2
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeIn some respects traditional leadership is not working. The two‐part paper summarises key findings of a five‐year investigation into quicker and more affordable routes to creating high performance organisations. The purpose of this paper is to identify some aspects of the “new leadership” that is required and how the strategic adoption of performance support can facilitate the changes required and deliver multiple objectives. This second part aims to consider implementation requirements.Design/methodology/approachA programme of critical success factor, “issue” and other surveys was complemented with a five year evaluation of more recent case studies to understand early adoptions of performance support and to assess their results and implications. The applications examined were discussed with the relevant technical architect and the results obtained corroborated with commissioner/user performance data and/or documented assessments/reactions.Findings“New leadership” is less about “top‐down” leading and more about providing “bottom‐up” support, particularly of those who contribute to key corporate objectives. It requires a different balance and focus in a number of areas and can be facilitated by the strategic adoption of performance support, which can deliver multiple benefits and offers a quicker and more affordable route to the high performance organisation.Research limitations/implicationsFurther investigation is required of the implications of the findings for people and organisations.Practical implicationsA cheaper and more cost‐effective alternative to expensive, lengthy and disruptive change and transformation programmes has been demonstrated which can deliver essential elements of “new leadership”, boost performance, cut costs, reduce risks and stress, ensure compliance and generate high returns on investment. Despite its advantages the more widespread adoption of “new leadership” and performance support might require a re‐energising of corporate boards.Social implicationsThere is potential for making difficult jobs easier and less stressful for many people.Originality/valueThe paper summarises the main findings of an investigation that has identified a requirement for “new leadership” and an approach, which, if strategically adopted, can facilitate its introduction. Important aspects of the shift of emphasis and focus required by “new leadership” are identified, along with the central contribution that performance support can make to its beneficial adoption.
Interpreting reference work with contemporary practice theory
Authors: Cavanagh Mary F. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeIn an increasingly competitive field of socially mediated information and knowledge available online, the public library's traditional services are increasingly questioned for relevancy. Drawing on the core premises of contemporary practice theory to ground the methodological and theoretical perspectives, the aim of this paper is to provide the initial “inside” view of traditional public library face‐to‐face reference work from a practice‐based perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper includes an ethnographic case study of face‐to‐face reference service in four branches of one urban public library involving 170 hours of participant observation, 24 hours of unobtrusive observation, 480 reference interactions, and 28 participant interviews and analysis of policy documents.FindingsThis analysis highlights the structuring and mediating role of objects in the enactment of reference work. A practice‐based typology of reference interactions is introduced which characterizes the types of questions asked, knowledge processes in action, interpersonal communication style and mode of practice. The collective organizing actions of reference work are unpackaged in a non‐hierarchical or flattened plane that recognizes the key actors and dynamics of the practice as it endures across time and space.Originality/valueEvidence and an approach are introduced to support re‐conceptualizing public library reference work as an epistemic practice.
Becoming director: an internal candidate's view
Authors: Newcombe Pat A. , Donovan James M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeWithin the literature on moving into library directorships, the track of the internal candidate is largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap through description and analysis of the experiences of a successful inside candidate for the position of law library director.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports a first‐person account of an internal candidate. Accompanying analysis places the narrative into the larger context of relevant literature of personnel and library management.FindingsThe internal candidate is suggested to differ from external applicants in several ways. Most significantly, possessing prior knowledge of the library, she can move quickly to address pressing problems, using that initial success to set the new administration on a productive course. Additional issues include the greater psychological toll of having to distance herself from former colleagues to fulfill administrative duties.Originality/valueComparatively little consideration of the internal candidate exists in the library literature. This paper fills an identified gap in the literature on personnel and library management, and suggests relevant directions for future works.