bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐existence of Two Different α‐Synuclein Oligomers with Different Core Structures Determined by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Paslawski Wojciech , Mysling Simon , Thomsen Karen , Jørgensen Thomas J. D. , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the formation of protein oligomers and amyloid fibrils, which in the case of Parkinson’s disease involves the protein α‐synuclein (αSN). Cytotoxicity is mainly associated with the oligomeric species, but we still know little about their assembly and structure. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) monitored by mass spectrometry is used to analyze oligomers formed by wild‐type (wt) αSN and also three familial αSN mutants (A30P, E46K, and A53T). All four variants show co‐existence of two different oligomers. The backbone amides of oligomer type I are protected from exchange with D2O until they dissociate into monomeric αSN by EX1 exchange kinetics. Fewer residues are protected against exchange in oligomer type II, but this type does not revert to αSN monomers. Both oligomers are protected in the core sequence Y39–A89. Based on incubation studies, oligomer type I appears to form straight fibrils, while oligomer type II forms amorphous clusters that do not directly contribute to the fibrillation process.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis with a Tetracerium‐Containing Silicotungstate
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Tang Fei , Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe development of visible‐light‐induced photocatalysts for chemoselective functional group transformations has received considerable attention. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are potential materials for efficient photocatalysts because their properties can be precisely tuned by changing their constituent elements and structures and by the introduction of additional metal cations. Furthermore, they are thermally and oxidatively more stable than the frequently utilized organometallic complexes. The visible‐light‐responsive tetranuclear cerium(III)‐containing silicotungstate TBA6[{Ce(H2O)}2{Ce(CH3CN)}2(μ4‐O)(γ‐SiW10O36)2] (CePOM; TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium) has now been synthesized; when CePOM was irradiated with visible light (λ>400 nm), a unique intramolecular CeIII‐to‐POM(WVI) charge transfer was observed. With CePOM, the photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of primary and secondary amines as well as the α‐cyanation of tertiary amines smoothly proceeded in the presence of O2 (1 atm) as the sole oxidant.
Aqueous‐Solution Route to Zinc Telluride Films for Application to CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jang Ji‐Wook , Cho Seungho , Magesh Ganesan , Jang Youn Jeong , Kim Jae Young , Kim Won Yong , Seo Jeong Kon , Kim Sungjee , Lee Kun‐Hong , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAs a photocathode for CO2 reduction, zinc‐blende zinc telluride (ZnTe) was directly formed on a Zn/ZnO nanowire substrate by a simple dissolution–recrystallization mechanism without any surfactant. With the most negative conduction‐band edge among p‐type semiconductors, this new photocatalyst showed efficient and stable CO formation in photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction at −0.2–−0.7 V versus RHE without a sacrificial reagent.
Temperature‐Modulated Water Filtration Using Microgel‐Functionalized Hollow‐Fiber Membranes
Authors: Menne Daniel , Pitsch Fee , Wong John E. , Pich Andrij , Wessling Matthias 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the present work, we investigate the potential of aqueous polymer microgels in membrane technology, especially for filtration applications. The poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐based microgels exhibit thermoresponsive behavior and were employed to coat hollow‐fiber membranes used for micro‐ and ultrafiltration. We discuss the preparation of microgel‐modified membranes (by “inside‐out” as well as “outside‐in” filtration in dead‐end mode). The clean‐water permeability and stability of these membranes was studied not only as a function of time, but also of temperature. The microgel‐modified membranes exhibit a reversible thermoresponsive behavior whereby both the resistance and the retention increased with decreasing temperature.
CO/C‐H as an Acylating Reagent: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Carbonylative Esterification of Alcohols
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Yanxia , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylative esterification of a variety of functionalized alcohols under base‐ and ligand‐free conditions has been demonstrated. A CO/olefin combination was utilized as the acylating reagent with O2 as a benign oxidant. Notably, the scope of the substrate alcohols has been greatly broadened.
Bridge-to-surgery stent placement versus emergency surgery for acute malignant colonic obstruction
Authors: van den Berg M W , Sloothaak D A M , Dijkgraaf M G W , van der Zaag E S , Bemelman W A , Tanis P J , Bosker R J I , Fockens P , ter Borg F , van Hooft J E 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement as a bridge to surgery is an option for acute malignant colonic obstruction. There is ongoing debate regarding the superiority and oncological safety of SEMS placement compared with emergency surgery. This retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes of these treatment approaches.

Methods
Patients were identified from cohorts treated between 2005 and 2012 in two teaching hospitals, of which one used emergency surgery only in patients with large bowel obstruction, whereas the other attempted SEMS placement. Only patients treated with curative intent were included.

Results
The study included 59 patients in whom SEMS placement was attempted and 51 who underwent surgery alone. The successful primary anastomosis rate was higher in the SEMS group than in the surgery-alone group among patients with left-sided obstruction (30 of 43 versus 10 of 34 respectively; P = 0·001), whereas stoma formation was less common (11 of 43 versus 23 of 34; P &lt; 0·001). Such differences were not apparent in patients with right-sided obstruction. Secondary stoma rates were comparable between treatment approaches (left-sided: 11 of 43 versus 13 of 34, P = 0·322; right-sided: 1 of 16 versus 1 of 17, P = 1·000). There were no significant differences in morbidity, mortality, recurrence or survival.

Conclusion
Endoscopic SEMS placement increased the primary anastomosis rate in patients with left-sided large bowel obstruction.
Decision‐making deficits in patients diagnosed with disordered gambling using the Cambridge Gambling task: the effects of substance use disorder comorbidity
Authors: Zois Evangelos , Kortlang Noreen , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Lemenager Tagrid , Beutel Martin , Mann Karl , Fauth‐Bühler Mira 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundDisordered gambling (DG) has often been associated with impaired decision‐making abilities, suggesting a dysfunction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).AimsTo our knowledge, no previous study has accurately considered the effect of substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity (including nicotine dependence) on decision‐making impairments in DG.Methods and MaterialsWe employed the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) to assess a big cohort of patients diagnosed with DG (N = 80) against matched healthy controls (HCs) (N = 108). The cohort included DG patients with nicotine and alcohol dependence, alcohol dependence only and 12 “pure” nonsmokers with only DG diagnosis.ResultsPure nonsmoking, nicotine dependent as well as alcoholic DGs with current nicotine dependence, demonstrated a decision making profile, characterized by poor decision‐making abilities and failure to make right choices (rational), closely resembling that of patients with vmPFC damage.DiscussionThis suggests that DGs with and without SUD comorbidity are equally affected in that domain of decision making abilities. Additionally, gambling diagnosis combined with alcohol and nicotine dependence involves a group of gambling patients with a relatively riskier decision making profile, showing that these patients apart from making irrational decisions take also more risks. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for SUD comorbidities with useful implications for future research and therapy. Limitations of the current investigation are discussed.
Investigation of cyanine dyes for in vivo optical imaging of altered mitochondrial membrane potential in tumors
Authors: Onoe Satoru , Temma Takashi , Shimizu Yoichi , Ono Masahiro , Saji Hideo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) alteration is an important target for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we designed a series of near‐infrared fluorescent cationic cyanine dyes with varying alkyl chain lengths (IC7‐1 derivatives) to provide diverse lipophilicities and serum albumin‐binding rates, and we evaluated the usefulness of these derivatives for in vivo Δψm imaging. IC7‐1 derivatives with side chains from methyl to hexyl (IC7‐1‐Me to IC7‐1‐He) were synthesized, and their optical properties were measured. Cellular uptake and intracellular distribution were investigated with depolarized HeLa cells from carbonyl cyanine m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) treatment using a spectrofluorometer and a fluorescence microscope. Serum albumin‐binding rates were evaluated using albumin‐binding inhibitors. In vivo optical imaging was performed with HeLa cell xenograft mice following intravenous administration of IC7‐1 derivatives with or without warfarin and CCCP as in vivo blocking agents. IC7‐1 derivatives showing maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 823 nm and ~845 nm, respectively, were synthesized. IC7‐1‐Me to ‐Bu showed fluorescence in mitochondria that decreased with CCCP treatment in a concentration‐dependent manner, which showed that IC7‐1‐Me to ‐Bu successfully indicated Δψm. Tumors were clearly visualized after IC7‐1‐Bu administration. Treatment with warfarin or CCCP significantly decreased IC7‐1‐Bu fluorescence in the tumor region. In summary, IC7‐1‐Bu exhibited fluorescence localized to mitochondria dependent on Δψm, which enabled clear in vivo tumor imaging via serum albumin as a drug carrier for effective tumor targeting. Our data suggest that IC7‐1‐Bu is a promising NIR probe for in vivo imaging of the altered Δψm of tumor cells.
The Relevance of Long‐Term Antecedents in Assessing the Risk of Familicide‐Suicide Following Separation
Authors: Sachmann Mark , Harris Johnson Carolyn Mary 
Published: April 2014

Familicide‐suicide following separation is under‐researched and remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Findings from previous research are inconclusive in relation to both risk factors and perpetrator motivation. This article explores the relevance of long‐term biopsychosocial antecedents in cases of familicide‐suicide that occurred in Western Australia between 1986 and 2005. A conceptualisation of the hypothesised risk factors in familicide‐suicide is proposed based on attachment theory, personality dysfunction, the neurobiology of trauma and the possible unconscious motivation of perpetrators, which may prove helpful in assessing the risk of familicide‐suicide in family court cases. The research identified and articulated a number of warning signs to familicide‐suicide that are often not identified, or appreciated, by decision makers. Suggestions are offered for changes to practice that may be helpful in identifying and responding to high‐risk cases in a way that enhances safety. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘A conceptualisation of the hypothesised risk factors in familicide‐suicide is proposed’Key Practitioner MessagesClinicians need to be aware of the dynamic psychosocial risk factors associated with violent acting out such as:

The combination of Cluster B personality diagnoses.
A history of domestic violence.
Early childhood trauma requires good interagency communication and cooperation.
Overexpression of Banna mini‐pig inbred line fatty acid binding protein 3 promotes adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Yi Bao , Wang Jigui , Wang Shuang , Yuan Daoli , Sun Jiazeng , Li Zhili , Mao Yaping , Hou Qiang , Liu Weiquan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFatty acid binding protein 3 (H‐FABP, FABP3) has been significantly associated with intramuscular fat (IMF) content in pigs, which is positively correlated with palatability of pork. However, its underlying function is not fully elucidated. We have investigated the effects of overexpression of the FABP3 gene on differentiation and adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes in the fat Banna mini‐pig inbred line (fBMIL). Eukaryotic vectors that expressed the FABP3 protein were constructed, and stably established in the 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes cell line. Cells were induced in a standard differentiation cocktail. Morphological changes and the degree of adipogenesis were measured by Oil Red O staining assay and triacylglycerol content measurement, respectively. mRNA expression levels of triacylglycerol metabolism‐related genes were measured by qPCR. FABP3 significantly promoted differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells and enhanced triacylglycerol levels (P < 0.05). mRNA of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (422/aP2) and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene increased markedly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, expression of the FABP3 gene enhances adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes primarily by upregulating lipogenic PPARγ, 422/aP2 and GPDH genes.
Outcomes of preoperative bridging therapy for patients undergoing surgery after coronary stent implantation: A weighted meta‐analysis of 280 patients from eight studies
Authors: Warshauer Jeremy , Patel Vishal G , Christopoulos Georgios , Kotsia Anna P. , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPreoperative bridging with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor is often performed in patients with prior coronary stents undergoing surgery who require antiplatelet therapy discontinuation, but its safety and efficacy have received limited study. We performed a weighted meta‐analysis of the outcomes in patients with coronary stents undergoing bridging with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors prior to surgery.MethodsWe conducted a weighted meta‐analysis of preoperative bridging studies published between 2002 and 2013 in patients with coronary stents undergoing surgery. Data on in‐hospital mortality, stent thrombosis, bleeding, hemoglobin decrease, blood transfusion, time to hospital discharge and myocardial infarction were collected.ResultsA total of eight studies with 280 patients were included. Pooled estimates of outcomes were as follows: in‐hospital mortality 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–5.9%); stent thrombosis 1.3% (95% CI 0.3–3.0%); major bleeding 7.4% (95% CI 2.8–14.1%); any bleeding 20.6% (95% CI 4.8–43.2%); mean decrease in hemoglobin 2.8 g/dL (95% CI 2.5–3.0 g/dL); mean blood loss 271 mL (95% CI 211–311 mL); blood transfusion 13.9% (95% CI 1.0–38.2%); time to hospital discharge 5.9 days (95% CI 4.4–7.3 days); and myocardial infarction 1.6% (95% CI 0.3–3.6%).ConclusionsPreoperative bridging with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients undergoing surgery after coronary stenting does not abolish the risk of perioperative stent thrombosis and may carry increased risk for bleeding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multifunctionality in Bimetallic LnIII[WV(CN)8]3− (Ln=Gd, Nd) Coordination Helices: Optical Activity, Luminescence, and Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Chorazy Szymon , Nakabayashi Koji , Arczynski Mirosław , Pełka Robert , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Sieklucka Barbara 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo chiral luminescent derivatives of pyridine bis(oxazoline) (Pybox), (SS/RR)‐iPr‐Pybox (2,6‐bis[4‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazolin‐2‐yl]pyridine) and (SRSR/RSRS)‐Ind‐Pybox (2,6‐bis[8H‐indeno[1,2‐d]oxazolin‐2‐yl]pyridine), have been combined with lanthanide ions (Gd3+, Nd3+) and octacyanotungstate(V) metalloligand to afford a remarkable series of eight bimetallic CN−‐bridged coordination chains: {[LnIII(SS/RR‐iPr‐Pybox)(dmf)4]3[WV(CN)8]3}n⋅dmf⋅4 H2O (Ln=Gd, 1‐SS and 1‐RR; Ln=Nd, 2‐SS and 2‐RR) and {[LnIII(SRSR/RSRS‐Ind‐Pybox)(dmf)4][WV(CN)8]}n⋅5 MeCN⋅4 MeOH (Ln=Gd, 3‐SRSR and 3‐RSRS; Ln=Nd, 4‐SRSR and 4‐RSRS). These materials display enantiopure structural helicity, which results in strong optical activity in the range 200–450 nm, as confirmed by natural circular dichroism (NCD) spectra and the corresponding UV/Vis absorption spectra. Under irradiation with UV light, the GdIII‐WV chains show dominant ligand‐based red phosphorescence, with λmax≈660 nm for 1‐(SS/RR) and 680 nm for 3‐(SRSR/RSRS). The NdIII‐WV chains, 2‐(SS/RR) and 4‐(SRSR/RSRS), exhibit near‐infrared luminescence with sharp lines at 986, 1066, and 1340 nm derived from intra‐f 4F3/2→4I9/2,11/2,13/2 transitions of the NdIII centers. This emission is realized through efficient ligand‐to‐metal energy transfer from the Pybox derivative to the lanthanide ion. Due to the presence of paramagnetic lanthanide(III) and [WV(CN)8]3− moieties connected by cyanide bridges, 1‐(SS/RR) and 3‐(SRSR/RSRS) are ferrimagnetic spin chains originating from antiferromagnetic coupling between GdIII (SGd=7/2) and WV (SW=1/2) centers with J1‐(SS)=−0.96(1) cm−1, J1‐(RR)=−0.95(1) cm−1, J3‐(SRSR)=−0.91(1) cm−1, and J3‐(RSRS)=−0.94(1) cm−1. 2‐(SS/RR) and 4‐(SRSR/RSRS) display ferromagnetic coupling within their NdIII‐NC‐WV linkages.
Mixed‐Valence Ruthenium Complexes Rotating through a Conformational Robin–Day Continuum
Authors: Parthey Matthias , Gluyas Josef B. G. , Fox Mark A. , Low Paul J. , Kaupp Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe conformational energy landscape and the associated electronic structure and spectroscopic properties (UV/Vis/near‐infrared (NIR) and IR) of three formally d5/d6 mixed‐valence diruthenium complex cations, [{Ru(dppe)Cp*}2(μ‐C≡CC6H4C≡C)]+, [1]+, [trans‐{RuCl(dppe)2}2(μ‐C≡CC6H4C≡C)]+, [2]+, and the Creutz–Taube ion, [{Ru(NH3)5}2(μ‐pz)]5+, [3]5+ (Cp=cyclopentadienyl; dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; pz=pyrazine), have been studied using a nonstandard hybrid density functional BLYP35 with 35 % exact exchange and continuum solvent models. For the closely related monocations [1]+ and [2]+, the calculations indicated that the lowest‐energy conformers exhibited delocalized electronic structures (or class III mixed‐valence character). However, these minima alone explained neither the presence of shoulder(s) in the NIR absorption envelope nor the presence of features in the observed vibrational spectra characteristic of both delocalized and valence‐trapped electronic structures. A series of computational models have been used to demonstrate that the mutual conformation of the metal fragments—and even more importantly the orientation of the bridging ligand relative to those metal centers—influences the electronic coupling sufficiently to afford valence‐trapped conformations, which are of sufficiently low energy to be thermally populated. Areas in the conformational phase space with variable degrees of symmetry breaking of structures and spin‐density distributions are shown to be responsible for the characteristic spectroscopic features of these two complexes. The Creutz–Taube ion [3]5+ also exhibits low‐lying valence‐trapped conformational areas, but the electronic transitions that characterize these conformations with valence‐localized electronic structures have low intensities and do not influence the observed spectroscopic characteristics to any notable extent.
Long‐Range Effects in Anion–π Interactions: Their Crucial Role in the Inhibition Mechanism of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Malate Synthase
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere M. , Frontera Antonio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe glyoxylate shunt is an anaplerotic bypass of the traditional Krebs cycle. It plays a prominent role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, so it can be exploited for the development of antitubercular therapeutics. The shunt involves two enzymes: isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase (GlcB). The shunt bypasses two steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, allowing the incorporation of carbon, and thus, refilling oxaloacetate under carbon‐limiting conditions. The targeting of ICL is complicated; however, GlcB, which accommodates the pantothenate tail of acetyl‐CoA in the active site, is easier to target. A catalytic Mg2+ unit is located at the bottom of the cavity, and plays a very important role. Recently, the development of effective antituberculosis drugs based on phenyldiketo acids (PDKAs) has been reported. Interestingly, all the crystal structures of GlcB–inhibitor complexes exhibit close contact between the carboxylate of Asp633 and the face of the aromatic ring of the inhibitor. Remarkably, the replacement of the phenyl ring in PDKA by aliphatic moieties yields inactive inhibitors, suggesting that the aromatic moiety is crucial for inhibition. However, the aromatic ring of PDKA is not electron‐deficient, and consequently, the anion–π interaction is expected to be very weak (dominated only by polarization effects). Herein, through a combination analysis of the recent X‐ray structures of GlcB–PDKA complexes retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB) and computational ab initio studies (RI‐MP2/def2‐TZVP level of theory), we demonstrate the prominent role of the Mg2+ ion in the active site, which promotes long‐range enhancement of the anion–π interaction.
A general principle governs vision‐dependent dendritic patterning of retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Xu Hong‐Ping , Sun Jin Hao , Tian Ning 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDendritic arbors of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) collect information over a certain area of the visual scene. The coverage territory and the arbor density of dendrites determine what fraction of the visual field is sampled by a single cell and at what resolution. However, it is not clear whether visual stimulation is required for the establishment of branching patterns of RGCs, and whether a general principle directs the dendritic patterning of diverse RGCs. By analyzing the geometric structures of RGC dendrites, we found that dendritic arbors of RGCs underwent a substantial spatial rearrangement after eye‐opening. Light deprivation blocked both the dendritic growth and the branch patterning, suggesting that visual stimulation is required for the acquisition of specific branching patterns of RGCs. We further showed that vision‐dependent dendritic growth and arbor refinement occurred mainly in the middle portion of the dendritic tree. This nonproportional growth and selective refinement suggest that the late‐stage dendritic development of RGCs is not a passive stretching with the growth of eyes, but rather an active process of selective growth/elimination of dendritic arbors of RGCs driven by visual activity. Finally, our data showed that there was a power law relationship between the coverage territory and dendritic arbor density of RGCs on a cell‐by‐cell basis. RGCs were systematically less dense when they cover larger territories regardless of their cell type, retinal location, or developmental stage. These results suggest that a general structural design principle directs the vision‐dependent patterning of RGC dendrites. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3403–3422, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.