bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Diverse and Functionalized 2H‐Chromenes by Organocatalytic Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Cai Hongyun , Xia Likai , Lee Yong Rok , Shim Jae‐Jin , Kim Sung Hong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA green and efficient one‐pot process for the construction of diverse and functionalized 2H‐chromenes was developed by using multicomponent reactions of salicylaldehydes, alkynes (i.e., propiolate and acetylenedicarboxylates), and alcohols. This new protocol was achieved by using L‐proline as a mild and green organocatalyst and offers several advantages such as economic availability, low toxicity, ease of handling, high regioselectivity, and environmentally benign nature under mild reaction conditions. As an extension of this method, quinoline derivatives were synthesized by replacing salicylaldehyde with 2‐aminobenzaldehyde, and the 2‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromenes prepared by this approach were also successfully transformed into biologically interesting coumarins through an oxidation reaction.
A rational approach to selecting and ranking some pharmaceuticals of concern for the aquatic environment and their relative importance compared with other chemicals
Authors: Donnachie Rachel L. , Johnson Andrew C. , Sumpter John P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Aquatic organisms can be exposed to thousands of chemicals discharged by the human population. Many of these chemicals are considered disruptive to aquatic wildlife, and the literature on the impacts of these chemicals grows daily. However, because time and resources are not infinite, research must focus on the chemicals that represent the greatest threat. One group of chemicals of increasing concern is pharmaceuticals, for which the primary challenge is to identify which represent the greatest threat. In the present study, a list of 12 pharmaceuticals was compiled based on scoring the prevalence of different compounds from previous prioritization reviews. These included rankings based on prescription data, environmental concentrations, predicted environmental concentration/predicted no-effect concentration (PEC/PNEC) ratios, persistency/bioaccumulation/(eco)toxicity (PBT), and fish plasma model approaches. The most frequently cited were diclofenac, paracetamol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, atenolol, ethinyl estradiol, aspirin, fluoxetine, propranolol, metoprolol, and sulfamethoxazole. For each pharmaceutical, literature on effect concentrations was compiled and compared with river concentrations in the United Kingdom. The pharmaceuticals were ranked by degree of difference between the median effect and median river concentrations. Ethinyl estradiol was ranked as the highest concern, followed by fluoxetine, propranolol, and paracetamol. The relative risk of these pharmaceuticals was compared with those of metals and some persistent organic pollutants. Pharmaceuticals appear to be less of a threat to aquatic organisms than some metals (Cu, Al, Zn) and triclosan, using this ranking approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1021–1027. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Sorption, uptake, and biotransformation of 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, zeranol, and trenbolone acetate by hybrid poplar
Authors: Bircher Sam , Card Marcella L. , Zhai Guangshu , Chin Yu-Ping , Schnoor Jerald L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Hormonally active compounds may move with agricultural runoff from fields with applied manure and biosolids into surface waters where they pose a threat to human and environmental health. Riparian zone plants could remove hormonally active compounds from agricultural runoff. Therefore, sorption to roots, uptake, translocation, and transformation of 3 estrogens (17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and zeranol) and 1 androgen (trenbolone acetate) commonly found in animal manure or biosolids were assessed by hydroponically grown hybrid poplar, Populus deltoides x nigra, DN-34, widely used in riparian buffer strips. Results clearly showed that these hormones were rapidly removed from 2 mg L–1 hydroponic solutions by more than 97% after 10 d of exposure to full poplar plants or live excised poplars (cut-stem, no leaves). Removals by sorption to dead poplar roots that had been autoclaved were significantly less, 71% to 84%. Major transformation products (estrone and estriol for estradiol; zearalanone for zeranol; and 17β-trenbolone from trenbolone acetate) were detected in the root tissues of all 3 poplar treatments. Root concentrations of metabolites peaked after 1 d to 5 d and then decreased in full and live excised poplars by further transformation. Metabolite concentrations were less in dead poplar treatments and only slowly increased without further transformation. Taken together, these findings show that poplars may be effective in controlling the movement of hormonally active compounds from agricultural fields and avoiding runoff to streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2906–2913. © 2015 SETAC
Arabian killifish (Aphanius dispar) embryos: A model organism for the risk assessment of the Arabian Gulf coastal waters
Authors: Saeed Suhur , Al-Naema Nayla , Butler Josh D. , Febbo Eric J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Fish embryos are excellent models for studies aimed at understanding toxic mechanisms and indications of possible acute and chronic effects. For the past 3 yr, an Arabian killifish (Aphanius dispar) fish embryo test has been developed in the authors' laboratory as a routine ecotoxicological test that can be used to support risk assessment of potential contaminants in Arabian Gulf coastal waters. Tests were conducted with 3 reference toxicants (3,4-dichloroaniline [DCA], sodium dodecyl sulfate, and zinc sulfate [Zn]) and chlorine, a disinfectant used widely in industrial cooling systems around the Arabian Gulf region. The 50% effect concentration (EC50) for DCA was 0.47 mg/L and 1.89 mg/L for embryos exposed before 6 hpf and after 168 hpf, respectively. Sublethal effects were mainly observed at concentrations above 2.5 mg/L, the effects included severe pericardial edema and tail shortage. The sodium dodecyl sulfate ionic surfactant caused mortality at both early and late stages of embryo development; it caused coagulation, severe deformity, and hemolysis. Both the EC50 and the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for sodium dodecyl sulfate were 9.37 mg/L. Salinity influenced the toxicity of Zn to killifish embryos: at 40 psu Zn was found not to be toxic, whereas at 20 psu toxicity had increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). Values of EC50 and LC50 were 2.5 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations above 15 mg/L in embryos were often accompanied by upper abdominal edema and inhibition of growth, especially evident in the tail. Chlorine caused mortality at a lower concentration; for example, at 0.05 mg/L 33% of embryos were found dead at the end of the experiment. The LC50 for chlorine was determined to be 0.08 mg/L. Examination of the existing literature showed similar results to the present study's findings. The results suggest a more comparable sensitivity of killifish embryos to that of other fish embryo test recommended species. The present study's findings support the ability of killifish to be an indicator organism for environmental risk assessments of Arabian Gulf waters. Benefits include sensitivity to a wide range of substances and conditions, animal alternative, ease of fish breeding, and clarity of the embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2898–2905. © 2015 SETAC
Fenitrothion, an organophosphorous insecticide, impairs locomotory function and alters body temperatures in Sminthopsis macroura (Gould 1845) without reducing metabolic rates during running endurance and thermogenic performance tests
Authors: Story Paul G. , French Kris , Astheimer Lee B. , Buttemer William A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Endemic Australian mammal species are exposed to pesticides used for locust control as they occupy the same habitat as the target insect. The authors examined the impact of an ultra-low volume formulation of the organophosphorous insecticide fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl-O-[3-methyl-4-nitrophenol]-phosphorothioate) on a suite of physiological measures that affect the ability of animals to survive in free-living conditions: locomotory and thermogenic functions, metabolic performance, body mass, and hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Plasma and brain cholinesterase activity in relation to time since exposure to pesticide were also determined. An orally applied dose of 90 mg kg−1 fenitrothion reduced running endurance in the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura, by 80% the day after exposure concomitantly with a reduction of approximately 50% in plasma and 45% in brain acetylcholinesterase activity. These adverse effects disappeared by 10 d postexposure. Maximal metabolic rates reached during running were unaffected by pesticide, as were body mass and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Maximal cold-induced metabolic rate (measured as peak 2 min metabolic rate attained during cold exposure), time taken to reach peak metabolic rate on cold exposure, cumulative total oxygen consumed during shivering thermogenesis, and body temperature before and after cold exposure were unaffected by fenitrothion. Dunnart rectal temperatures showed a reduction of up to 5 °C after exposure to fenitrothion but returned to pre-exposure levels by 10 d postdose. Such physiological compromises in otherwise asymptomatic animals demonstrate the importance of considering performance-based measures in pesticide risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:152–162. © 2015 SETAC
Effects of the herbicide dicamba on nontarget plants and pollinator visitation
Authors: Bohnenblust Eric W. , Vaudo Anthony D. , Egan J. Franklin , Mortensen David A. , Tooker John F. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Nearly 80% of all pesticides applied to row crops are herbicides, and these applications pose potentially significant ecotoxicological risks to nontarget plants and associated pollinators. In response to the widespread occurrence of weed species resistant to glyphosate, biotechnology companies have developed crops resistant to the synthetic-auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and once commercialized, adoption of these crops is likely to change herbicide-use patterns. Despite current limited use, dicamba and 2,4-D are often responsible for injury to nontarget plants; but effects of these herbicides on insect communities are poorly understood. To understand the influence of dicamba on pollinators, the authors applied several sublethal, drift-level rates of dicamba to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Eupatorium perfoliatum L. and evaluated plant flowering and floral visitation by pollinators. The authors found that dicamba doses simulating particle drift (≈1% of the field application rate) delayed onset of flowering and reduced the number of flowers of each plant species; however, plants that did flower produced similar-quality pollen in terms of protein concentrations. Further, plants affected by particle drift rates were visited less often by pollinators. Because plants exposed to sublethal levels of dicamba may produce fewer floral resources and be less frequently visited by pollinators, use of dicamba or other synthetic-auxin herbicides with widespread planting of herbicide-resistant crops will need to be carefully stewarded to prevent potential disturbances of plant and beneficial insect communities in agricultural landscapes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:144–151. © 2015 SETAC
Electricity generation, ethanol fermentation and enhanced glucose degradation in a bio‐electro‐Fenton system driven by a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Birjandi Noshin , Younesi Habibollah , Ghoreyshi Ali Asghar , Rahimnejad Mostafa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, the performance of ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucose degradation in a bio‐electro‐Fenton (BEF) system was investigated. This system contained a dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Nafion® membrane as a separator and is equipped with an Fe@Fe2O3/graphite electrode. The performance of MFCs under different operational conditions was evaluated in terms of glucose removal, ethanol production and electrical power output.RESULTSThe maximum ethanol production in an anaerobic condition was 11.52 g L−1. The glucose removal was 34.15 and 68.81% and the measured maximum power densities were 13.51 and 30.46 mW m−2 with graphite and Fe@Fe2O3/graphite systems, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe energy production, glucose degradation and fermentation process for ethanol production from glucose by S. cerevisiae was successfully carried out in a BEF system. This study demonstrates that the BEF system, without the requirement for an external electrical energy supply and any addition of H2O2, is an effective and economical system for wastewater treatment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of growth differentiation factor 6 in the human developing fetal spine retreats from vertebral ossifying regions and is restricted to cartilaginous tissues
Authors: Wei Aiqun , Shen Bojiang , Williams Lisa A. , Bhargav Divya , Gulati Twishi , Fang Zhimin , Pathmanandavel Sarennya , Diwan Ashish D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDuring embryogenesis vertebral segmentation is initiated by sclerotomal cell migration and condensation around the notochord, forming anlagen of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The factors that govern the segmentation are not clear. Previous research demonstrated that mutations in growth differentiation factor 6 resulted in congenital vertebral fusion, suggesting this factor plays a role in development of vertebral column. In this study, we detected expression and localization of growth differentiation factor 6 in human fetal spinal column, especially in the period of early ossification of vertebrae and the developing intervertebral discs. The extracellular matrix proteins were also examined. Results showed that high levels of growth differentiation factor 6 were expressed in the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs and the hypertrophic chondrocytes adjacent to the ossification centre in vertebral bodies, where strong expression of proteoglycan and collagens was also detected. As fetal age increased, the expression of growth differentiation factor 6 was decreased correspondingly with the progress of ossification in vertebral bodies and restricted to cartilaginous regions. This expression pattern and the genetic link to vertebral fusion suggest that growth differentiation factor 6 may play an important role in suppression of ossification to ensure proper vertebral segmentation during spinal development. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:279–289, 2016.
Reversing the established order: Should adrenal venous sampling precede cross‐sectional imaging in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Asmar Melissa , Wachtel Heather , Yan Yan , Fraker Douglas L. , Cohen Debbie , Trerotola Scott O. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAdrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the definitive evaluation for primary aldosteronism (PA). Pre‐AVS cross‐sectional imaging does not reduce the need for AVS. The goal of this study was to examine whether performing AVS prior to imaging could decrease the use of imaging in the evaluation of PA at a high volume, experienced center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all AVS procedures (n = 337) done for PA from 2001–2013. Patients whose cross‐sectional imaging reports were unavailable (n = 90) or AVS was non‐diagnostic (n = 12) were excluded. AVS was performed using modified Mayo technique. Univariate analysis utilized the χ2 test and fisher's exact test.ResultsOf the 235 patients analyzed, 63% (n = 148) were male. The mean age was 55 ± 11 years. AVS was non‐lateralizing in 43% (n = 101); these patients might have avoided imaging with an AVS‐first approach. Imaging and AVS were concordant in 52% (n = 123). In patients ≤40yo (n = 23), 35% (n = 8) had no lateralization on AVS, and might have avoided imaging in an AVS‐first approach. Imaging and AVS were concordant in 52% (n = 12) of patients ≤40yo, versus 52% (n = 111) of patients >40yo (P = 0.987).ConclusionAn AVS‐first, imaging‐second approach could have avoided CT/MRI in 43% of patients. At a high volume, experienced center, performing AVS first on patients with PA may reduce unnecessary cross‐sectional imaging studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:144–148. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual Trauma and Combat During Deployment: Associations With Suicidal Ideation Among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans
Authors: Monteith Lindsey L. , Menefee Deleene S. , Forster Jeri E. , Wanner Jill L. , Bahraini Nazanin H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCompelling evidence has emerged on the association between military sexual trauma and suicide attempt; however, research investigating how sexual trauma during deployment relates to suicidal ideation has received considerably less attention and has yielded mixed findings. Furthermore, such research has not accounted for other types of trauma that may occur during deployment. Our objectives were to examine whether sexual trauma during deployment was associated with recent suicidal ideation, adjusting for exposure to combat. Our sample included 199 Operation Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans entering inpatient trauma‐focused treatment who completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck & Steer, 1991) and the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory Sexual Harassment and Combat Experiences Scales (King, King, Vogt, Knight, & Samper, 2006). Deployment‐related sexual trauma was significantly associated with recent suicidal ideation, adjusting for age and gender (β = .18, ηp2 = .03) and additionally for combat (β = .17, ηp2 = .02). These findings underscore the importance of assessing for deployment‐related sexual trauma when assessing suicide risk in OEF/OIF/OND veterans in inpatient settings.
Twelve‐months prevalence of mental disorders in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults – Mental Health Module (DEGS1‐MH): a methodological addendum and correction
Authors: Jacobi Frank , Höfler Michael , Strehle Jens , Mack Simon , Gerschler Anja , Scholl Lucie , Busch Markus A. , Hapke Ulfert , Maske Ulrike , Seiffert Ingeburg , Gaebel Wolfgang , Maier Wolfgang , Wagner Michael , Zielasek Jürgen , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe recently published findings in this journal on the prevalence of mental disorders from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Mental Health Module (DEGS1‐MH). The DEGS1‐MH paper was also meant to be the major reference publication for this large‐scale German study program, allowing future users of the data set to understand how the study was conducted and analyzed. Thus, towards this goal highest standards regarding transparency, consistency and reproducibility should be applied. After publication, unfortunately, the need for an addendum and corrigendum became apparent due to changes in the eligible reference sample, and corresponding corrections of the imputed data. As a consequence the sample description, sample size and some prevalence data needed amendments. Additionally we identified a coding error in the algorithm for major depression that had a significant effect on the prevalence estimates of depression and associated conditions. This addendum and corrigendum highlights all changes and presents the corrected prevalence tables. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shaking table test and numerical analysis of a high‐rise building with steel reinforce concrete column and reinforce concrete core tube
Authors: Lu Xilin , Zhou Bin , Zhao Bin , Lu Wensheng 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper assesses the seismic performance of a high‐rise building with steel reinforce concrete column and reinforce concrete core tube in Shanghai, China. This building has 54 floors above the ground and 4 basements, and it has two strengthened layers, which are composed of outrigger truss and belt truss. In order to validate the reliability and the safety of this structure, besides the conventional analysis, shaking table test of scale model was conducted. In the test, the maximum responses of acceleration and deformation were measured and evaluated, as well as the dynamic characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mechanism of the building. Meanwhile, elastic‐plastic time‐history analysis for prototype structure was carried out by the finite element analysis program, and the experimental data were compared with the analytical results to gain a better understanding of the seismic performance of the building.The conclusions are summarized below:

Shaking table test of scale model is an effective method to understand the failure mechanisms and seismic performance of high‐rise building with steel reinforce concrete (SRC) column and reinforce concrete core tube.
To high‐rise building, a whipping effect is remarkable. The stiffness and ductility of the stories closed to the roof should be paid more attention.
In the strengthened layers, the outrigger truss and the belt truss are the main structures to resist a large part of seismic action. The stiffness of the stories between the strengthened layers is mutated, and the focus phenomenon of shear force on these stories is obviously serious.
The lateral stiffness ratio of core tube to SRC columns should not be large. Well controlling of the size of these lateral resistance members can make them to give fully play to seismic capacity.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency Records in Mesoscopic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Albero Josep , Atienzar Pedro , Corma Avelino , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present review article is to show the progress achieved in the efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by evolution in the structure and composition of the dye. After an initial brief description of DSSCs and the operating mechanism the major part of the present article is organized according to the type of dye, trying to show the logic in the variation of the dye structure in order to achieve strong binding on the surface of the layer of nanoparticulate TiO2, efficient interfacial electron injection between the excited dye and the semiconductor, and minimization of the unwanted dark current processes. Besides metal complexes, including polypyridyls and nitrogenated macro rings, organic dyes and inorganic light harvesters such as quantum dots and perovskites have also been included in the review. The last section summarizes the current state of the art and provides an overview on future developments in the field.
Batch production of coenzyme Q10 by recombinant Escherichia coli containing the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene from Sphingomonas baekryungensis
Authors: Martínez Irene , Méndez Claudia , Berríos Julio , Altamirano Claudia , Díaz-Barrera Alvaro 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important antioxidant used in medicine, dietary supplements, and cosmetic applications. In the present work, the production of CoQ10 using a recombinant Escherichia coli strain containing the decaprenyl diphosphate synthase from Sphingomonas baekryungensis was investigated, wherein the effects of culture medium, temperature, and agitation rate on the production process were assessed. It was found that Luria–Bertani (LB) medium was superior to M9 with glucose medium. Higher temperature (37 °C) and higher agitation rate (900 rpm) improved the specific CoQ10 content significantly in LB medium; on the contrary, the use of M9 medium with glucose showed similar values. Specifically, in LB medium, an increase from 300 to 900 rpm in the agitation rate resulted in increases of 55 and 197 % in the specific CoQ10 content and COQ10 productivity, respectively. Therefore, the results obtained in the present work are a valuable contribution for the optimization of CoQ10 production processes using recombinant E. coli strains.