bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homoleptic Molybdenum Cluster Sulfides Functionalized with Noninnocent Diimine Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Behavior
Authors: Gushchin Artem L. , Laricheva Yuliya A. , Abramov Pavel A. , Virovets Alexander V. , Vicent Cristian , Sokolov Maxim N. , Llusar Rosa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThiourea (tu) has been coordinated to the Mo3S44+ cluster unit to afford the new cluster compound [Mo3S4(tu)8(H2O)]Cl4·4H2O (1). The high substitutional lability of the thiourea ligands can be exploited to achieve smooth ligand substitution in the Mo3S4 cluster. The reactions of 1 with 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) have resulted in new trisubstituted diimino complexes [Mo3S4Cl3L3]+ [L = phen (2), bpy (3)]. The crystal structure of [Mo3S4Cl3(phen)3]Cl·4H2O was determined by X‐ray analysis. A solid‐state cyclic voltammetry study of 2 shows a ligand‐centered reversible two‐electron reduction. DFT calculations for [Mo3S4Cl3(phen)3]+ and the 2e‐reduced species [Mo3S4Cl3(phen)3]– support our interpretation of the reduction process. Compound 3 undergoes a reversible two‐electron reduction, which is more metal‐centered on the basis of DFT calculations.
Vanadium Complexes as Prospective Therapeutics: Structural Characterization of a VIV Lysozyme Adduct
Authors: Santos Marino F. A. , Correia Isabel , Oliveira Ana R. , Garribba Eugenio , Pessoa João Costa , Santos‐Silva Teresa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Teresa Santos‐Silva from Universidade Nova de Lisboa and João da Costa Pessoa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. The cover image shows a representation of the HEWL–VIVO(pic)2 adduct (HEWL: hen egg white lysozyme; pic: picolinato).
Liposomes as solubilizers for lipophilic parenteral drugs: Transfer of drug and lipid marker to plasma proteins
Authors: Kaess Kathrin , Fahr Alfred 
Published: July 2014

The effect of plasma on the retention of lipophilic drugs by liposomes as affected by the liposome fluidity was investigated. Liposomes consisted of eggPC/eggPG (9:1 w/w) or DPPC/DPPG (9:1 w/w) with 10 wt% incorporated 14C‐labeled Temoporfin (mTHPC) and trace amounts of 3H‐labeled cholesteryloleylether (COE) as lipid marker. Liposomal formulations were incubated at different concentrations in 50% human plasma for 48 h and the mixtures fractionated using gel permeation chromatography, separating liposomes and (lipo)proteins (albumin, HDL, LDL) from each other. The DPPC/DPPG liposomes retained 75–90% of the COE label at 48 h, depending on the liposome concentration, while the EPC/EPG liposomes retained only 5% of this label. By contrast, for the case of the mTHPC label, the EPC/EPG liposomes retained 24% at 48 h. whereas the DPPC/DPPG liposomes retained only 15%. In all cases, HDL was the predominant acceptor of both drug and COE label, closely followed by LDL. Albumin participated only marginally in the transfer process. It can be concluded, that EPC/EPG liposomes can retain lipophilic drugs better than DPPC/DPPG liposomes. Given a lifetime of 8 h for liposomes in vivo, 40% of the drug stays in the liposomes, whereas only 25% is retained for DPPC/DPPG liposomes at sufficient liposome concentration.Transfer of drug from liposomal formulations to human plasma was measured after separation of plasma components by GPC. Incubation of mTHPC loaded liposomes with human plasma results in a transfer of the drug and phospholipids mostly to HDL, followed by LDL, whereas albumin is only marginally involved in the transfer process. In comparison to a fluid liposomal formulation composed of eggPC/eggPG (9:1 w/w), rigid DPPC/DPPG (9:1 w/w) liposomes show less interactions with plasma proteins but a faster drug release.
Conserved nucleation sites reinforce the significance of Phi value analysis in protein‐folding studies
Authors: Gianni Stefano , Jemth Per 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe only experimental strategy to address the structure of folding transition states, the so‐called Φ value analysis, relies on the synergy between site directed mutagenesis and the measurement of reaction kinetics. Despite its importance, the Φ value analysis has been often criticized and its power to pinpoint structural information has been questioned. In this hypothesis, we demonstrate that comparing the Φ values between proteins not only allows highlighting the robustness of folding pathways but also provides per se a strong validation of the method. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):449–452, 2014
Impairment of homeostasis in lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Segatori Laura 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiencies in lysosomal proteins, which result in accumulation of undegraded metabolites and disruption of lysosomal proteostasis. Despite significant progress in the molecular genetics and biochemistry underlying the cellular pathogenesis of LSDs, the mechanisms that link accumulation of storage material to development and progression of these diseases are still unclear. At the crossroad of degradative pathways, lysosomes play a fundamental role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Through a series of examples, this review illustrates how defects in lysosomal biogenesis and function impact a number of cellular pathways that are involved in the pathogenic cascade. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(7):472–477, 2014
Reactive oxygen species‐dependent JNK downregulated olaquindox‐induced autophagy in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhao Dongxu , Wang Congcong , Tang Shusheng , Zhang Chaoming , Zhang Shen , Zhou Yan , Xiao Xilong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAutophagy plays an important role in response to intracellular and extracellular stress to sustain cell survival. However, dysregulated or excessive autophagy may lead to cell death, known as “type II programmed cell death,” and it is closely associated with apoptosis. In our previous study, we proposed that olaquindox induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells through a caspase‐9 dependent mitochondrial pathway. In this study, we investigated autophagy induced by olaquindox and explored the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in olaquindox‐treated HepG2 cells. Olaquindox‐induced autophagy was demonstrated by the accumulation of monodansylcadervarine, as well as elevated expression of autophagy‐related MAP‐LC3 and Beclin 1 proteins. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine significantly increased the apoptotic rate induced by olaquindox, which was correlated with increased ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2. The further studies showed that olaquindox increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) effectively blocked the accumulation of ROS but failed to block autophagy. Moreover, olaquindox induced the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK), and JNK inhibitor SP600125 failed to block autophagy. Instead, olaquindox‐induced autophagy was enhanced by NAC or SP600125. Meanwhile, JNK activation was remarkably blocked by NAC, indicating that ROS may be the upstream signaling molecules of JNK activation and involved in the negative regulation of olaquindox‐induced autophagy. These results suggest that olaquindox induces autophagy in HepG2 cells and that olaquindox‐induced apoptosis can be enhanced by 3‐methyladenine. Olaquindox‐induced autophagy in HepG2 cells is upregulated by Beclin 1 but downregulated by ROS‐dependent JNK. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal cells exposed to cadmium in vitro and in vivo: normalizing gene expression data
Authors: Nair A. R. , Smeets K. , Keunen E. , Lee W.‐K. , Thévenod F. , Van Kerkhove E. , Cuypers A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal with a long half‐life in biological systems. This half‐life is partly as a result of metallothioneins (MTs), metal‐binding proteins with a high affinity for Cd. The high retention properties of the kidneys reside in proximal tubular cells that possess transport mechanisms for Cd‐MT uptake, ultimately leading to more Cd accumulation. Researchers have studied MT–metal interactions using various techniques including quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), an efficient tool for quantifying gene expression. Often a poor choice of reference genes, which is represented by their instability and condition dependency, leads to inefficient normalization of gene expression data and misinterpretations. This study demonstrates the importance of an efficient normalization strategy in toxicological research. A selection of stable reference genes was proposed in order to acquire reliable and reproducible gene quantification under metal stress using MT expression as an example. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo setups were compared to identify the influence of toxicological compounds in function of the experimental design. This study shows that glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), tyrosine monooxygenase/tryptophan5‐monooxygenase activation‐protein, zeta polypeptide (Ywhaz) and beta‐actin (Actb) are the most stable reference genes in a kidney proximal tubular cell line exposed to moderate and high Cd concentrations, applied as CdCl2. A slightly different sequence in reference gene stability was found in renal cells isolated from rats in vivo exposed to Cd. It was further shown that three reference genes are required for efficient normalization in this experimental setup. This study demonstrates the importance of an efficient normalization strategy in toxicological research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are Two Heads Better than One? Assessing the Influence of Collaborative Judgements and Presentation Mode on Deception Detection for Real and Mock Transgressions
Authors: Culhane Scott E. , Kehn Andre , Hatz Jessica , Hildebrand Meagen M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe current study examined three primary goals within the deception detection literature that have not been previously assessed in combination. First, we assessed if decisions about the veracity of a statement are more accurate in dyads than individuals. Second, we evaluated whether type of lie (mock transgressions versus real transgression [RT]) influenced observers' ability to distinguish a truthful statement from a lie. Third, we assessed if the presentation mode (audio versus video with audio) impacted deception detection accuracy. A sample of college students (n = 282) evaluated eight previously recorded statements for veracity. True and false statements were elicited through a cheating paradigm (i.e. RTs) or a mock transgression paradigm. Participants either viewed and listened to these statements or only listened to an audio recording. Results of an analysis of variance indicated that working in dyads did not improve deception detection accuracy. Participants were significantly more accurate in detecting deception in situations where the speaker believes a RT has occurred. The highest accuracy rates were achieved in the real transgression audio condition. Implications of these results for the practice of detecting deceit are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion tensor MRI of the corpus callosum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chapman Molly C. , Jelsone‐Swain Laura , Johnson Timothy D. , Gruis Kirsten L. , Welsh Robert C. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo determine if decline in corpus callosum (CC) white matter integrity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is localized to motor‐related areas.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one ALS patients and 21 controls participated. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) were acquired using 3 Tesla (T) MRI. Tract‐based spatial statistics were used to examine whole‐brain white matter damage. A segmentation schema was used to define CC volumes‐of‐interest (VOI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial‐ and axial‐diffusivity (RD, AD) were extracted from VOIs and compared between groups. DTI measurements in motor‐related Area III were tested for correlation with symptoms and disease duration.ResultsExtracted FA values from CC VOIs were reduced in ALS patients (P ≤ 0.0001), particularly in Areas II and III (P ≤ 0.01). Reduced FA in Area III correlated with disease symptomology (P ≤ 0.05) and duration (P ≤ 0.02). Between‐group whole‐brain comparisons (P ≤ 0.05, corrected) showed reduced FA and increased RD throughout white matter regions including the CC, corona radiata, and internal capsule. AD was increased in the left corona radiata and internal and external capsules.ConclusionFA in motor‐related regions of the CC is more affected than other CC areas in ALS patients. Microstructural pathology of transcallosal fiber tracts may represent a future component of an imaging biomarker for ALS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:641–647. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1‐Vinylimidazolium Alkyl Sulfate Polymeric Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gallagher Simon , Ziolkowski Bartosz , Fox Eoin , Fraser Kevin J. , Diamond Dermot 
Published: July 2014

Three ionic monomers based on a 1‐vinylimidazolium cation, 1‐vinyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methyl sulfate, 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, and 1‐vinyl‐3‐propylimidazolium propyl sulfate are synthesized and characterized by thermal and spectroscopic methods. The ionic‐liquid monomers (ILMs) are prepared using a halide‐free route under ambient conditions by the quaternization reaction of 1‐vinylimidazoles with alkyl sulfates. Through free‐radical polymerization and rheology analysis, solid freestanding linear polymeric‐ionic‐liquid (PILs) films are obtained with a tanδ value as low as 0.180. After polymerization, thermal methods show the linear PILs to possess a thermal stability of up to 340 °C, while rheology analysis reveals the films to have a storage moduli value as high as 4.64 × 106 Pa.
image
Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota
Authors: Ou Keqin , Sarnoski Paul , Schneider Keith R. , Song Kaijie , Khoo Christina , Gu Liwei 
Published: July 2014

ScopeA major portion of ingested procyanidins is degraded by human microbiota in the colon into various phenolic compounds. These microbial metabolites are thought to contribute to the health benefits of procyanidins in vivo. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the microbial metabolites of procyanidins after anaerobic fermentation with human microbiota.Methods and results(−)‐Epicatechin, (+)‐catechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin A2, partially purified apple and cranberry procyanidins were incubated with human microbiota at a concentration equivalent to 0.5 mM epicatechin. GC‐MS analysis showed that common metabolites of all six substrates were benzoic acid, 2‐phenylacetic acid, 3‐phenylpropionic acid, 2‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and hydroxyphenylvaleric acid. 5‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactones and 5‐(3′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactones were identified as the microbial metabolites of epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin B2, and apple procyanidins but not from the procyanidin A2 or cranberry procyanidin ferments. 2‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid was only found in the fermented broth of procyanidin B2, A2, apple, and cranberry procyanidins. The mass recoveries of microbial metabolites range from 20.0 to 56.9% for the six substrates after 24 h of fermentation.ConclusionProcyanidins, both B‐type and A‐type can be degraded by human gut microbiota. The microbial metabolites may contribute to the bioactivities of procyanidins.
Probability of regenerating a normal limb after bite injury in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
Authors: Thompson Sierra , Muzinic Laura , Muzinic Christopher , Niemiller Matthew L. , Voss S. Randal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultiple factors are thought to cause limb abnormalities in amphibian populations by altering processes of limb development and regeneration. We examined adult and juvenile axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) in the Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center (AGSC) for limb and digit abnormalities to investigate the probability of normal regeneration after bite injury. We observed that 80% of larval salamanders show evidence of bite injury at the time of transition from group housing to solitary housing. Among 717 adult axolotls that were surveyed, which included solitary‐housed males and group‐housed females, approximately half presented abnormalities, including examples of extra or missing digits and limbs, fused digits, and digits growing from atypical anatomical positions. Bite injury probably explains these limb defects, and not abnormal development, because limbs with normal anatomy regenerated after performing rostral amputations. We infer that only 43% of AGSC larvae will present four anatomically normal looking adult limbs after incurring a bite injury. Our results show regeneration of normal limb anatomy to be less than perfect after bite injury.
Experimental investigation of an optimized airfoil for vertical‐axis wind turbines
Authors: Ragni Daniele , Ferreira Carlos Simão , Correale Giuseppe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present study addresses the experimental verification of the performance of a new airfoil design for lift‐driven vertical‐axis wind turbines (VAWTs). The airfoil is obtained through a genetic‐algorithm optimization of an objective function which maximizes the aerodynamic performance of airfoils having a larger thickness, providing better structural stiffness compared to more slender NACA design. The work presents an experimental analysis of such improved performance of a 26% thick VAWT‐optimized airfoil (DU12W262). The 2D flow velocity, pressure and aerodynamic loads are measured by combined use of particle image velocimetry, wall‐pressure sensors and wake rakes. Additionally, the airfoil surface pressure is determined by integrating the pressure equation from the experimental velocity field. Results are initially obtained with the airfoil in steady conditions, at Reynolds 3.5*105, 7.0*105 and 1.0*106 with both free and forced (1%c) boundary layer transition. Xfoil simulations are employed for comparison with the experimental results, showing a good agreement in the linear range of angle of attack and a consistent lift/drag overestimation in the separated one. The airfoil performance is further assessed under pitching conditions (oscillatory, ramp up), at Reynolds 7.0*105 with reduced frequencies ranging from 0.07 to 0.11 and the aerodynamic load behaviour compared with the steady case. The experimental data are used as input for a numerical simulation of a 2D VAWT; while the performance are compared with those for NACA 4‐series airfoils commonly used for VAWTs, showing a significantly higher maximum power coefficient for the optimized airfoil. All the data presented in the manuscript are made available in the Supporting information. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A flywheel in a wind turbine rotor for inertia control
Authors: Jauch Clemens 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a flywheel energy storage that is an integral part of a wind turbine rotor is proposed. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are equipped with internal weights, which increase the inertia of the rotor. The inertia of this flywheel can be controlled by varying the position of the weights, i.e. by positioning them closer to the center of rotation (closer to the hub) or closer to the tip of the blades. The simulation model used in this study is introduced briefly. The equation system of the flywheel is set up. Finally, simulations of different scenarios show the performance of this controllable flywheel. The conclusion is that the proposed system can mitigate transients in the power output of wind turbines. Hence, it can support the frequency control in a power system by contributing to the power system inertia. © 2014 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Load control on a dynamically pitching finite span wind turbine blade using synthetic jets
Authors: Taylor Keith , Leong Chia Min , Amitay Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe feasibility of active flow control, via arrays of synthetic jet actuators, to mitigate hysteresis was investigated experimentally on a dynamically pitching finite span S809 blade. In the present work, a six‐component load cell was used to measure the unsteady lift, drag and pitching moment. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements were also performed to understand the effects of synthetic jets on flow separation during dynamic pitch and to correlate these effects with the forces and moment measurements. It was shown that active flow control could significantly reduce the hysteresis in lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients during dynamic pitching conditions. This effect was further enhanced when the synthetic jets were pulsed modulated. Furthermore, additional reduction in the unsteady load oscillations can be observed in post‐stall conditions during dynamic motions. This reduction in the unsteady aerodynamic loading can potentially lead to prolonged life of wind turbine blades. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Pancreatic Juice Cytology in the Preoperative Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas in the Era of International Consensus Guidelines 2012
Authors: Ohtsuka Takao , Matsunaga Taketo , Kimura Hideyo , Watanabe Yusuke , Tamura Koji , Ideno Noboru , Aso Teppei , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ueda Junji , Takahata Shunichi , Osoegawa Takashi , Igarashi Hisato , Ito Tetsuhide , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Ookubo Fumihiko , Oda Yoshinao , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Tanaka Masao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRoutine endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) for pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) during management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is not recommended in the international consensus guidelines 2012. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of PJC in relation to the new stratification of clinical findings in the consensus guidelines 2012.MethodsMedical records of 70 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative PJC, subsequent pancreatectomy, and a pathological diagnosis of IPMN were reviewed. Diagnostic ability of PJC to detect malignant lesions was calculated by the stratification of clinical findings.ResultsForty patients had malignant lesions, including 29 with malignant IPMN, 10 with concomitant pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and one with both. Accuracies of PJC in all 70 patients and in 59 patients with IPMN alone were 77 and 80 %, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of PJC in patients with “worrisome features” were 100 and 94 %, respectively. Eight of 11 patients with concomitant pancreatic adenocarcinoma had non‐malignant IPMN without risk factors, and 3 significant lesions could be diagnosed only by ERP/PJC. In addition, the management plan based on imaging study changed from observation to resection in two patients who had the single “worrisome feature” of branch duct IPMN and positive PJC results. As a result, PJC altered the management plan in 5 patients.ConclusionsPancreatic juice cytology potentially has important roles to determine the adequate treatment choice in patients with IPMNs with “worrisome features,” and to detect significant lesions that could not be detected by other imaging modalities.