bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnoses, clinical pathology findings, and treatment outcome of geriatric horses: 345 cases (2006–2010)
Authors: Silva Adriana G. , Furr Martin O. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare clinical, clinical pathology, and outcome variables between geriatric and nongeriatric horses.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—690 horses (345 horses ≥ 20 years old and 345 horses > 1 and < 20 years old) examined at a referral hospital.
Procedures—Medical records were examined, and data collected included horse description, diagnosis, outcome, and CBC and serum biochemical analysis results. Cases were horses ≥ 20 years old, and controls were horses > 1 and < 20 years old.
Results—Mean ± SD age was 23.9 ± 4.6 years for cases and 9.2 ± 3.6 years for controls. Arabian and pony breeds were significantly overrepresented in the geriatric group, compared with the control group. Diagnoses related to the digestive system, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory system were most common in this hospital population overall (cases and controls). Colic was the most common health problem overall. Digestive system disorders were significantly more prevalent among cases. Short-term survival rates for most categories of colic were no different for cases than for controls, with the exception of the category idiopathic colic. Considering all conditions, cases were significantly more likely to be nonsurvivors than were controls. Minor differences in serum biochemical results were found in some disease subcategories. Geriatric horses with colic were not more commonly euthanized than were adult nongeriatric horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that in this population of horses in a referral hospital, age was associated with the prevalence of specific disease conditions. Few differences between cases and controls were found in serum biochemical values.
Music and Resurrection
Authors: Sequeri Pierangelo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract: Theology should concern itself more seriously with music. Music contains signs of life that nihilism was not able to cancel. From the end of the nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century, in the age of the secularization of art, all of the great musicians confronted the themes and works of the religious tradition in their major works (from Wagner to Henze, from Schönberg to Andriessen, from Strawinskj to Messiaen, from Skriabjn to Gubaidulina). This essay presents the passage of music from the Romantic “religion of art” to the contemporary “ethics of dissonance.” With W.T. Adorno's thesis in mind, a vision of music as the capacity to redeem the signifier from nihilism is proposed. Music restores power and beauty to the divine gift of the human capacity to signify. In this way, it gives new hope to words, to gestures, to the representation of reality.
Isolation of 18 microsatellite loci in the desert mistletoe Phoradendron californicum (Santalaceae) via 454 pyrosequencing
Authors: Arroyo Juan M. , Munguia‐Vega Adrian , Rodríguez‐Estrella Ricardo , Bascompte Jordi 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the parasitic mistletoe Phoradendron californicum to investigate to what extent population genetic structure depends on host tree distribution within a highly fragmented landscape.• Methods and Results: Fourteen unlinked polymorphic and four monomorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were developed using a genomic shotgun pyrosequencing method. A total of 187 alleles plus four monomorphic loci alleles were found in 98 individuals sampled in three populations from the Sonoran Desert in the Baja California peninsula (Mexico). Loci averaged 13.3 alleles per locus (range 4–28), and observed and expected heterozygosities within populations varied from 0.167–0.879 and 0.364–0.932, respectively.• Conclusions: Levels of polymorphism of the reported markers are adequate for studies of diversity and fragmentation in natural populations of this parasitic plant. Cross‐species amplifications in P. juniperinum and P. diguetianum only showed four markers that could be useful in P. diguetianum.
New microsatellite markers for Anthyllis vulneraria (Fabaceae), analyzed with Spreadex gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kesselring Halil , Hamann Elena , Stöcklin Jürg , Armbruster Georg F. J. 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: New microsatellite primers were developed for the diploid herb Anthyllis vulneraria. These primers will be used in upcoming studies focusing on random genetic variation, local adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity in alpine plants.• Methods and Results: The new primers were adjusted to separate PCR amplicons (70 to 170 bp) on precast Spreadex gels using horizontal gel electrophoresis. No capillary sequencer was needed. Three to twelve alleles were found per locus depending on the population studied.• Conclusions: Our preliminary results showed that the three studied alpine populations are predominantly outcrossing, but include variable levels of self‐fertilization.
The Cost of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in HIV-Positive Patients
Authors: Krentz Hartmut B , Ko Karen , Beckthold Brenda , Gill M John 
Published: December 2013

Background Antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance limits treatment choices, often necessitating the selection of drugs with less desirable pill burdens, toxicity profiles, drug interactions and dosing schedules, and may increase cost. We examine the impact of resistance on the cost of HIV care. Methods All adult HIV-positive individuals newly referred for HIV care from 1 January 2007 to 1 January 2011 and followed until 31 December 2011 at the Southern Alberta Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada, were included. We determined the cost of all ARV drugs, and HIV-related outpatient and inpatient care, reported as mean per patient per month (PPPM) costs in 2011 Canadian dollars (CDN). Results Overall, 78% of patients received genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing (GART); 57% among ARV-naive patients, 21% after suspected viral failure, and 20% during a treatment interruption. Resistance was detected in 6%, 49% and 21% of all tests respectively. The total mean PPPM cost for patients with GART was CDN 1,179. Patients with primary resistance had mean total PPPM costs of CDN 956. Patients with no resistance had mean PPPM costs of CDN 1,058, by contrast with the CDN 1,291 costs of patients with secondary/acquired resistance. Mean costs for one, two or three ARV class resistance was CDN 1,278, 1,337 and 1,801, respectively. Mean PPPM costs increased by 31% from CDN 1,068 to 1,396, respectively, before and after a positive resistance test. Conclusions Transmission of resistant virus as well as emergence of resistance during ARV therapy leads to increased costs. Mean costs increased by number of resistant classes. Routine GART and optimizing ARV regimens to avoid resistance might minimize the long-term costs of HIV care.
TGF-β–Mediated Foxp3 Gene Expression Is Cooperatively Regulated by Stat5, Creb, and AP-1 through CNS2
Authors: Ogawa Chihiro , Tone Yukiko , Tsuda Masato , Peter Christian , Waldmann Herman , Tone Masahide 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Foxp3 plays an important role in the development and the function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Both the induction and maintenance of Foxp3 gene expression are controlled by several regulatory regions including two enhancers in the conserved noncoding sequences (CNS). The functions of Enhancer 1 in CNS1 are well established, whereas those of Enhancer 2 in CNS2 remain unclear. Although CNS2 contains enhancer activity, methylated CpG sequences in this region prevent Foxp3 gene expression in Foxp3− T cells. These sequences are, however, demethylated in Foxp3+ Treg by mechanisms as yet unknown. To investigate the role of CNS2, we have determined the Enhancer 2 core sequence by luciferase reporter assays in the absence of methylation to exclude the inhibitory effect and shown that transcription factors AP-1, Stat5, and Creb cooperate in regulating Enhancer 2 activity. We have then determined the methylation sensitivity of each of the transcription factors. AP-1 was found to be methylation sensitive as has previously been described for Creb. However, Stat5 was active even when its binding site in CNS2 was methylated. Stat5 binding to Enhancer 2 occurred early and preceded that of AP-1 and Creb during Treg induction. In addition, Stat5 activation is itself dependent on TGF-β signaling through Smad3-mediated blockade of Socs3 expression. These findings suggest that Stat5 is a key regulator for opening up the CNS2 region during induced Treg induction, whereas AP-1 and Creb maintain Enhancer 2 activity.
Opposing Immunomodulatory Roles of Prostaglandin D2 during the Progression of Skin Inflammation
Authors: Sarashina Hana , Tsubosaka Yoshiki , Omori Keisuke , Aritake Kosuke , Nakagawa Takayuki , Hori Masatoshi , Hirai Hiroyuki , Nakamura Masataka , Narumiya Shuh , Urade Yoshihiro , Ozaki Hiroshi , Murata Takahisa 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The effects of PGD2 are extremely context dependent. It can have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in clinically important pathological conditions. A greater mechanistic insight into the determinants of PGD2 activity during inflammation is thus required. In this study, we investigated the role of PGD2 in croton oil–induced dermatitis using transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing hematopoietic PGD synthase. Administration of croton oil caused tissue swelling and vascular leakage in the mouse ear. Compared with wild-type animals, TG mice produced more PGD2 and showed decreased inflammation in the early phase, but more severe manifestations during the late phase. Data obtained from bone marrow transplantation between wild-type and TG mice indicated that PGD2 produced by tissue resident cells in the TG mice attenuated early-phase inflammation, whereas PGD2 produced from hematopoietic lineage cells exacerbated late-phase inflammation. There are two distinct PGD2 receptors: D-prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). In TG mice, treatment with a DP antagonist exacerbated inflammation in the early phase, whereas treatment with a CRTH2 antagonist attenuated inflammation during the late phase. In vitro experiments showed that DP agonism enhanced vascular endothelial barrier formation, whereas CRTH2 agonism stimulated neutrophil migration. Collectively, these results show that when hematopoietic PGD synthase is overexpressed, tissue resident cell–derived PGD2 suppresses skin inflammation via DP in the early phase, but hematopoietic lineage cell–derived PGD2 stimulates CRTH2 and promotes inflammation during the late phase. DP-mediated vascular barrier enhancement or CRTH2-mediated neutrophil activation may be responsible for these effects. Thus, PGD2 represents opposite roles in inflammation, depending on the disease phase in vivo.
Novel Conservative Methods for Schrödinger Equations with Variable Coefficients over Long Time
Authors: Qian Xu , Chen Yaming , Song Songhe 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a wavelet collocation splitting (WCS) method, and a Fourier pseudospectral splitting (FPSS) method as comparison, for solving one-dimensional and two-dimensional Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in quantum mechanics. The two methods can preserve the intrinsic properties of original problems as much as possible. The splitting technique increases the computational efficiency. Meanwhile, the error estimation and some conservative properties are investigated. It is proved to preserve the charge conservation exactly. The global energy and momentum conservation laws can be preserved under several conditions. Numerical experiments are conducted during long time computations to show the performances of the proposed methods and verify the theoretical analysis.
Two Uniform Tailored Finite Point Schemes for the Two Dimensional Discrete Ordinates Transport Equations with Boundary and Interface Layers
Authors: Han Houde , Tang Min , Ying Wenjun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper presents two uniformly convergent numerical schemes for the two dimensional steady state discrete ordinates transport equation in the diffusive regime, which is valid up to the boundary and interface layers. A five-point node-centered and a four-point cell-centered tailored finite point schemes (TFPS) are introduced. The schemes first approximate the scattering coefficients and sources by piecewise constant functions and then use special solutions to the constant coefficient equation as local basis functions to formulate a discrete linear system. Numerically, both methods can not only capture the diffusion limit, but also exhibit uniform convergence in the diffusive regime, even with boundary layers. Numerical results show that the five-point scheme has first-order accuracy and the four-point scheme has second-order accuracy, uniformly with respect to the mean free path. Therefore a relatively coarse grid can be used to capture the two dimensional boundary and interface layers.
On the Effect of Ghost Force in the Quasicontinuum Method: Dynamic Problems in One Dimension
Authors: Li Xiantao , Ming Pingbing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNumerical error caused by “ghost forces” in a quasicontinuum method is studied in the context of dynamic problems. The error in the discrete W1,∞ norm is analyzed for the time scale (ε) and the time scale (1) with ε being the lattice spacing.
F8 genetic analysis strategies when standard approaches fail
Authors: Pezeshkpoor B. , Pavlova A. , Oldenburg J. , El-Maarri O. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryHaemophilia A is a common X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in F8 leading to deficiency or dysfunction of coagulant factor VIII (FVIII). Despite tremendous improvements in mutation screening methods, in a small group of patients with FVIII deficiency suffering from haemophilia A, no DNA change can be found. In these patients, analysis reveals no causal mutations even after sequencing the whole coding region of F8 including the flanking splice sites, as well as the promoter and the 3’ untranslated region (UTR). After excluding the mutations mimicking the haemophilia A phenotype in interacting partners of the FVIII protein affecting the half life and transport of the protein, mutations or rearrangements in non-coding regions of F8 have to be considered responsible for the haemophilia A phenotype.In this review, we present the experiences with molecular diagnosis of such cases and approaches to be applied for mutation negative patients.
Accompagnement citoyen personnalisé en intégration communautaire : un défi pour la santé mentale ?
Authors: Therriault Pierre-Yves , Lefebvre Hélène , Guindon Andréanne , Levert Marie-Josée , Briand Catherine 
Published: December 2013

L’accompagnement personnalisé d’intégration communautaire (APIC) offre un soutien aux personnes ayant un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) qui vivent des difficultés d’intégration sociale. Dans ce programme, l’accompagnateur citoyen rencontre une personne trois heures par semaine pendant un an afin de la soutenir dans la réalisation de ses projets et activités. Ce rôle confronte les accompagnateurs citoyens à de nombreux défis qui peuvent entraîner des risques pour leur santé mentale. Cet article fait part des représentations de la pratique de l’accompagnement citoyen selon la perspective des accompagnateurs citoyens. Les résultats permettent de dégager cinq principes qui délimitent et définissent cette pratique : 1) trouver la « bonne distance » dans la relation avec l’accompagné ; 2) considérer l’ensemble des acteurs dans le processus ; 3) mettre la personne et ses désirs au coeur de la pratique ; 4) accepter de ne pas tout savoir ; et enfin, 5) s’engager tout en acceptant la possibilité d’être transformé.
Cooccurrence des croyances religieuses, superstitieuses et de type délirant
Authors: Prévost Marie , Debruille Jacques Bruno 
Published: December 2013

Il existe peu de données expérimentales faisant le lien entre les croyances religieuses, superstitieuses et de type délirant, malgré que ces croyances aient un point commun : le fait qu’elles reposent sur peu ou pas de preuves. Ceci suggère qu’elles pourraient partager un mécanisme cognitif commun et donc être observées chez les mêmes individus. Pour tester cette dernière hypothèse, nous avons fait remplir des questionnaires d’idées de type délirant, de religiosité, et de superstition à 95 participants sans antécédents psychiatriques. Globalement, les croyances superstitieuses corrèlent positivement avec les croyances religieuses et les idées de type délirant et tendent donc à apparaître chez les mêmes individus. Cependant, les idées de type délirant ne sont que partiellement liées aux croyances religieuses. La relation entre les idées de type délirant et la religiosité demeure ambiguë.
Dynamical downscaling of the precipitation in Northeast Brazil with a regional climate model during contrasting years
Authors: Santos e Silva C. M. , Silva A. , Oliveira P. , Lima K. C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work is to evaluate how the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4) is able to simulate the precipitation in Northeast Brazil (NEB). Therefore, high‐resolution (grid spacing of 20 km) simulations during the autumns of 1998 and 1999 were performed. The model was able to capture regional and inter‐annual differences of the precipitation in NEB. The RegCM4 simulations showed improved in the prediction concerning the intensity and spatial distribution of the rainfall, relative to the Era Interim reanalysis dataset. The experiment based on Emanuel MIT parameterization tends to overestimate the observed precipitation while the Grell experiment underestimates it.
Does bias correction in the forecasted SST improve the extended range prediction skill of active‐break spells of Indian summer monsoon rainfall?
Authors: Abhilash S. , Sahai A. K. , Borah N. , Chattopadhyay R. , Joseph S. , Sharmila S. , De S. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractImpact of bias correction of sea surface temperature (SST) forecast on extended range (ER, ∼3–4 weeks) prediction skill is studied using the bias‐corrected forecasted SST from Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) as the boundary condition for running the Global Forecast System version 2 (GFSv2) model. Potential predictability limit is comparable (∼16 days) for both bias‐corrected GFSv2 (GFSv2bc) and CFSv2. Prediction skills of active and break spells and of low‐frequency monsoon intraseasonal oscillations is higher for GFSv2bc at all lead pentads. Although initially same, predictability error after 14 days grows slightly faster for GFSv2bc compared to CFSv2. Bias correction in SST has minimal impact in short‐to‐medium range, while substantial influence is felt in ER between 12–18 days.
CFD Modeling of Micromixing and Velocity Distribution in a 1.7‐MHz Tubular Sonoreactor
Authors: Parvizian Fahime , Rahimi Masoud , Azimi Neda , Alsairafi Ammar A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effect of high‐frequency (1.7 MHz) ultrasound waves on the mixing rate in a new continuous tubular sonoreactor was investigated by CFD modeling. Modeling of piezoelectric transducer (PZT) vibrations was done based on the dynamic mesh model. Results indicate that the acoustic streams were in the direction of wave propagation and their maximum velocity near the PZT surface agreed well with experimental measurements. The micromixing efficiency of the sonoreactor was studied by adopting the Villermaux/Dushman reaction in the modeling. Comparison of the calculated relative segregation index from modeling results with experimental data revealed reasonable accordance.
Concentrated Fenofibrate Nanoparticle Suspensions from Melt Emulsification for Enhanced Drug Dissolution
Authors: Knieke Catharina , Rawtani Ankit , Davé Rajesh N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractConcentrated fenofibrate (FNB) nanoparticle suspensions are produced via an oil/water melt emulsification process from the micronized drug particles dispersed in water above the drug melting point. Sonication energy enables forming nanosized melt droplets, and nanosized solid particles upon subsequent cooling. Stabilization achieved via surface‐active molecules is necessary to prevent coalescence of the droplets or agglomeration of the solid nanoparticles. Judicious selection of stabilizer and concentration resulted in 150‐nm drug particles with solid loading up to 30 %. The hydrophilic‐lipophilic‐balance concept is applicable, facilitating selection of surfactants based on their chemical structure. The strong in vitro dissolution rate enhancement suggests improved FNB bioavailability.
Agglomerate Sizes of Binary Nanoparticle Mixtures in a Vibro‐Fluidized Bed
Authors: Liang Xizhen , Duan Hao , Wang Jian , Zhou Tao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAgglomerate size is one of the key factors influencing the fluidization behavior of nanoparticles. The effect of fluidization time, superficial gas velocity, and vibration frequency on agglomerate sizes for different binary mixtures of nanoparticles at the top of the bed was investigated in a vibrated fluidized bed (VFB). The agglomerate sizes decreased and fluidization quality was significantly enhanced owing to introduction of vibration energy. The Richardson‐Zaki equation combined with Stokes' law permitted the prediction of mean agglomerate sizes. Experimental and estimated results indicated that vibration led to a smaller agglomerate size. The mean predicted agglomerate sizes were in agreement with those determined experimentally in the VFB.
Numerical Analysis of Thermal Development of Laminar Flow in a Concentric Multilayer Annulus
Authors: Bae Youngmin , Kim Seong H. , Seo Jae‐Kwang , Kim Young‐In 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe thermal behavior of laminar flow in a concentric multilayer annulus is investigated numerically for varying dimensionless inner radii and a defined number of fluid layers. Under a hydrodynamically developed flow assumption within the fluid layers, the development of temperature profiles and heat transfer along the annulus are analyzed for two different boundary conditions. The mean temperature distribution, local Nusselt number, and mean Nusselt number are discussed in detail with an emphasis on the effects of the inner radius and number of fluid layers. The obtained results indicate that the change in heat transfer coefficient in a layered annulus is more pronounced at a small inner radius or larger radius ratio. A further insertion of more than ten layers has insignificant influence on the convective heat transfer in a layered annulus.
Color theory and color order in medieval Islam: A review
Authors: Kirchner Eric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDuring the Medieval era, various Islamic scholars made important discoveries in color science. Breaking with the theories of Aristotle, al‐Kindi proposed that it is not the medium that produces color, but the object, by blocking light. Similarly, Ibn Rushd and Ibn al‐Haytham promoted the role of light for color vision from being a mere catalyst to the very object of sight. And instead of the classical one‐dimensional color order, gradually a two‐dimensional color order emerged in the writings of Ibn Sina and al‐Tusi. Further, Nishaburi described the first partial hue scale. Other breaks with classical dogma are found in descriptions of the rainbow, and in publications of color mixtures. In other aspects, Islamic scholars stayed more firmly in the Aristotelian framework. They still confused lightness and hue differences, and they did not fully break with the idea that all colors can be produced by mixing black and white. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 5–16, 2015