bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect detection of Printed circuit board Surface based on an improved YOLOv8 with FasterNet backbone algorithms
Authors: Liu Li-Juan , Zhang Yu , Karimic Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Printed circuit board (PCB) constitutes a crucial element of electronic equipment, and its surface defects can seriously affect the performance and reliability of the product. To promptly and accurately detect and identify these surface defects, this paper proposes a method for defect detection of printed circuit board surface based on an improved YOLOv8 with FasterNet backbone algorithms. Firstly, FasterNet is employed as the backbone network structure to minimize unnecessary computational overhead and memory accesses, enabling a more streamlined and effective extraction of spatial characteristics. Then, in the Neck layer, the C2f module is exchanged for the C2f_NAM attention mechanism. This allows for a more precise focus on important weights, thereby reducing unnecessary computations and parameters. Finally, the loss function of YOLOv8 is substituted with WIoU, which comprehensively considers the surrounding area information and flexibly adjusts the weights. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by experimental results on two publicly available PCB datasets. The mAP50 reaches 91.1% with a P of 88.6%, and the mAP50-95 stands at 46.9% on the PCB-AoI Public dataset. On the HRIPCB dataset, the method attains a mAP50 of 94.4%, a P of 96.1%, and a mAP50-95 of 58.3%. Compared to existing methods, this method shows a comprehensive performance advantage.
Synthesis, structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal and antibacterial properties of 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II)
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Ni Chun-Lin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, by utilizing the 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium salt and copper(II) chloride, 2-nitrobenzylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) was obtained. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the complex [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) analysis indicates that the molecular structure of [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) in the unit cell contains two [2-NO2BzPy]+ cations and one [CuCl4]2– anion crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The bulk phase purity, homogeneity, and morphology of [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4](1) were checked using powder XRD. The C − H···Cl, C − H···O, and C − H···N weak hydrogen bonds were found in the crystal, which play an important role in the stacking and stabilization. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure, the mostly significant contributions to the crystal packing are from H···Cl/Cl···H (35.7%), H···H (24.0%), and H···O/O···H (17.8%) contacts. FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrum, and TG-DTA measurements of 1 were investigated. The low energy gap was calculated by the UV-Vis spectrum to be 1.72 eV. Simultaneously, antibacterial studies were conducted on [2-NO2BzPy]Cl and [2-NO2BzPy]2[CuCl4], which found that 1 had better antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Discrimination and selection of exploitable genetic diversity from a mixed population of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) germplasm based on agro- morphological traits and potential for addressing food and nutritional security in sub- Saharan Africa
Authors: Emmanuel Constance , Uyoh Edak Aniedi , Ntui Valentine Otang , Brisibe Ebiamadon Andi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, collectively referred to as cocoyam, are two starchy edible tuber crops. In spite of their great nutritional, medicinal and industrial potential, a major setback in their commercial utilization is the lack of consistent genetic information on several traits of economic and dietary importance as such data is presently unavailable due to lack of commercial varieties, in situ reserves, and genetic and nutritional characterization of most accessions. To better understand the spectrum of divergence as well as identify suitable genetic resources, as precursors to enhancing systematic improvement and selection programmes that would support efficient conservation strategies and industrial utilization of the crop, twenty C. esculenta and thirty X. sagittifolium accessions were evaluated using taxonomic and agronomic fingerprinting based on twenty qualitative and eight quantitative descriptor states and the data derived were analyzed using appropriate statistical packages. Twelve of the qualitative descriptors found useful in differentiating and grouping the cocoyam accessions into clusters revealed 83.58% and 79.49%, respectively, of total variations. Analysis of variance test equally demonstrated significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) among the quantitative traits, with those showing discrimination appraised from factor analysis being plant span, plant height, number of suckers, corm weight, number of cormels, weight of cormels and yield, which accounted for 82.41% and 78.01%, respectively. In addition, variations were observed in the profiles of the two cocoyam species when standard analytical techniques were used for evaluation on the basis of their nutritional signatures, with significantly higher levels of nutrients detected among the representative accessions of X. sagittifolium than those of C. esculenta. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a genetically diverse cocoyam population, which implies that the accessions are derived from several lineages, having been introduced at different times through many different routes and, possibly, by multiple agents. Together, this preliminary information is highly informative and would serve as useful guide for tracing the evolutionary relationships among the two species of cocoyam. It can also be used for creating awareness on the high dietary value of the crop to increase its utilization for food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa.
An investigation into the effects of exercise on walking economy in individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hastings Bryce , O’Brien Daniel , Hatfield Gillian , Gottschall Jinger , White Steven Gordon , Reid Duncan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that can significantly affect the energetic cost of walking. Exercise is a high-value method for the management and maintenance of function in people with hip joint OA. Walking economy is a measure of the energetic cost of steady-state walking and is associated with declines in physical activity. Previous research has highlighted the ability of exercise programs focusing on improving gait symmetry and reducing step-to-step variability to improve walking economy in older adults. It is unknown if walking economy can be influenced by neuromuscular exercise in those with hip joint OA. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a neuromuscular exercise program on walking economy in adults with hip joint OA.
Methods
Fifty individuals (25 per group) with hip joint OA will be recruited from the community. Following a baseline assessment, they will be randomly allocated to either 1) an exercise intervention or 2) a control group continuing usual care. The intervention group will undergo a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program focused on improving gait symmetry and reducing step-to-step variability in a group exercise setting. The primary outcome is walking economy at standard and preferred walking speeds. Secondary outcomes include spatiotemporal gait measures (step frequency, length, and width as well as stance and swing duration) and lower limb strength (handheld dynamometer, isometric mid-thigh pull, and wall sit test). Additional measures include self-reported pain, hip function, and physical activity, and body mass index (BMI).
Discussion
The findings from this study will assist practitioners in the prescription of exercises for individuals with hip joint OA. Specifically, we will determine whether a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program can improve walking economy and the likely mechanisms.
Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, registration number ACTRN12624000411549. Registered 4th April 2024.
Emergence of Sh 22.6 kDa Antigen Among the Schistosoma haematobium Infected People in Riverine Communities of the Extreme North Western Nigeria
Authors: Jafaru Suleman , Tawakaltu Isyaku Nike , Ebere Ukatu Victoria , Ibrahim Bagudo Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the emergence of Sh 22.6 kDa antigen among the S. haematobium infected people in riverine communities of the Northwestern part of Nigeria because urinary schistosomiasis is one of the most pathogenic neglected tropical diseases that emerge and reemerge-in-Nigeria. Nine hundred (900) urine samples were collected and analysed using the standard filtration method, all microscopy-positive samples were subjected to PCR analysis for confirmation of the positivity, and the PCR-positive samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blotting analysis to investigate the presence of Sh 22.6 kDa.
Results
Out of 276 PCR-positive individuals, 6.2% (17/276) were harbouring Sh 22.6 kDa antigen. The distribution of the antigen was significantly associated with the location (P > 0.05); however, a higher frequency was observed in Shagari [7.1% (6/84)]. Males were more highly infected with the antigen [7.1% (14/197)] than females [3.8% (3/79)] and there was a significant association (P = 0.000). Although, the age group is not significantly associated with the antigen frequency (P > 0.05), infected people aged ≥ 56 years old had the highest Sh 22.6 kDa antigen [40.0% (2/5)] than other age groups. Bloody urine experience (P = 0.017) and urine colour (P = 0.000) were the study area's clinical manifestations associated with Sh 22.6 kDa distribution.
Conclusion
The present study showed that a small proportion of the infected people harboured S. haematobium which has Sh 22.6 kDa antigen. Therefore, health education campaigns and mass chemotherapy should be considered by the authorities concerned in the fight against urinary schistosomiasis in the area.
Production and Evaluation of Probiotic Brown Yoghurt Made from Buffalo Milk as an Innovative Functional Dairy Product
Authors: El-Hadad Sameh S. , El-Aziz Mahmoud Abd , Fouad Mohamed T. , Sayed Ahmed F. , Sayed Rehab S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Brown fermented milk has become more popular with consumers due to its high nutritional value, creamy texture, delicious caramel flavor, and brownish color. Brown yoghurt (BY), made from buffalo milk fortified with probiotic bacteria was evaluated as an innovative functional dairy product.
Methods
Standardized buffalo milk with a 1:1 protein/fat ratio was homogenized and browned at 97 ± 1°C for 4 h. At 42°C, it was inoculated with a 2.0% mixed starter culture and then divided into 4 portions. B. bifidum and L. rhamnosus, as probiotic bacteria, were added individually or in combination at a rate of 1.0% to create three treatments. The last portion without probiotics was served as a control BY.
Results
B. bifidum showed the highest viable counts when added alone or in combination with L. rhamnosus, particularly on days 7 and 15. However, the addition of B. bifidum did not improve the physical and sensory properties of the BY, which were similar to those of the control. Adding L. rhamnosus, either alone (T3) or in combination with B. bifidum (T4), greatly improved the viscosity, hardness, flavor compounds, and sensory scores of the BY. The antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals was also significantly enhanced. T3 and T4 also had a thicker body, a smoother and creamier texture, and a light caramel taste combined with a pleasant sour taste. HMF concentration in By being affected slightly by bacteria strains and storage time.
Conclusions
standardized buffalo milk fortified with L. rhamnosus alone or in combination with B. bifidum can produce a higher-quality BY that is more acceptable as an innovative functional dairy product.
An ultrasonic dry-coupling detection technique based on multilayer coupling interface
Authors: Ding Chao , Su Rui , Li MaoYang , Peng Yuerong , Wang Qiang , Tang Donglin , Li Mengxiao , Huang Xinquan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ultrasonic Test (UT) is a technique used in industry and science for material evaluation and defect detection. Usually, a liquid coupling agent is applied between the inspection probe and the surface of the inspected workpiece to ensure the inspection performance. In this paper, we propose an ultrasonic dry-coupling inspection method based on multilayer coupling interface to address the problems of complicated operation, high inspection cost and inability to realize automated inspection of the traditional liquid coupling method. We firstly established the reflection and transmission model of ultrasonic waves in the multilayer coupling interface, and secondly, we built an ultrasonic dry-coupling experimental platform, and selected the coupling materials through the acoustic attenuation experiment and acoustic impedance matching experiment. Finally, we carried out dry-coupled ultrasonic detection experiments and compared with the traditional wet-coupled detection method. In the thickness measurement of stepped plate, the maximum detection error was 0.6%, and in the detection experiments of defective plate, the maximum detection error was 5.33%, and the results showed that our dry-coupled detection device has good detection effect.
Computerized Cognitive games versus Cognitive Exergame: The comparison of motor and cognitive functions enhancement in late-adulthood
Authors: Ghasemian Mohammadreza , Moradi Hadi , Tajpour Mahdiye , mollanuri peyman , Zamanpour Enayatollah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Considering the importance of cognitive and motor functions of individuals in their late-adulthood, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive exergame, called Neurolight compared to computerized cognitive games, in enhancing core executive functions and motor performance at the end of adulthood and early old age.
Methods
A total of 36 individuals in the age range of 60 to 69 years were studied in the form of three groups: cognitive-motor exergame group using Neurolight, Computerized cognitive games group using Maghzineh, and control group.
Results
The results showed that cognitive-motor exercises using Neurolight, for 24 sessions, were able to significantly improve working memory, inhibitory control, and balance in individuals in this age group.
Conclusion
This finding supports the other studies suggesting combined cognitive and physical exercises for better effect. Based on its findings, the use of this exercise system can be suggested to coaches and therapists working with the elderly.
Supply and Demand Barriers to PHC Maternal Care Services Uptake: Qualitative and Behavioral Insights from Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Alhaji Mohammed M. , Yusuf Maryam Anike , Nyaga Robert , Singh Jaspreet , Okafor Arizechukwu , Meyo Francis , Shayau Zarah Haruna , Ozohu-Suleiman Yakubu , Isah Zainab Ibrahim , Abubakar Maryam , Umar Aisha Isa , Umar Laila 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Several factors influence maternal care-seeking decisions at primary healthcare facilities. Given the high maternal morbidity and mortality in northeast Nigeria, this study, rooted in the Social Ecological Model (SEM) of behaviour change, investigated the structural and cognitive barriers that limit antenatal and family planning care-seeking behaviour among households in Gombe State, Nigeria.
Method: Qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs), each lasting 60-70 minutes, were conducted with 56 respondents, including mothers/expectant mothers (n=15), their household decision-makers/spouses (n=16), community leaders (n=16), and primary healthcare centre (PHC) service providers (n=9). The qualitative instrument was developed and analysed based on the four core elements of the SEM: individual, relational, institutional, and community-level factors. The study was conducted in Dukku, a rural local government area (LGA), and Yamaltu Deba, a peri-urban LGA.
Results: The findings indicate that the direct and indirect costs of care, service quality, and PHC proximity were the main supply-side barriers rooted in institutional-level factors. Most of the demand-side barriers were associated with individual (poor salience), relational (limited spousal support), and community-level (traditional maternal practices) factors of the SEM model. Optimism bias, overconfidence bias, and present bias are some of the demand-side psychological barriers that impede maternal care uptake. Similarly, supply-side barriers, such as poor quality of care, can significantly undermine individual and community-level demand for PHC-based maternal care.
Conclusion: The SEM model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex, multi-layered factors influencing care-seeking behaviours toward antenatal care and family planning.
Artificial Immune based Intrusion Detection andMitigation System using Entropy FluctuationMethod and Deep Maxout Classifier
Authors: Chitte Pallavi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Attacks pose a severe threat to internet services, affecting its access in a varietyof ways.Effective attacks have the potential to cause monetary losses as wellas harm to an organization’s reputation; therefore, in order to guarantee serviceavailability, It is crucial to take precautions against such serious circumstancesand employ a comprehensive and grounded strategy to deal with these threats.This work proposes an innovative model of artificial immune system (AIS) whichintroduces entropy fluctuation process for monitoring, detecting and mitigatingthe attacks. The Multiple Kernel Analysis with Class Imbalance Processing(MKA-CIP) technique is used to balance the data once it has been acquired. Then, an immune mechanism based on entropy fluctuation is developed whichthwarts the features extraction attacks. Further, a hybrid model combining aImproved Activation Function and Loss Function (IALF) based Deep Maxoutclassifier and a Deep belief Network (DBN) model is developed. IALF-based DeepMaxout classifier adjusts both the activation function and the loss function todiscover and classify potential attacks. Once the presence of attack is detected,the attacker node is mitigated from the network with Entropy based MitigationProcess (EMP) that utilizes normalized correlation coefficient and quartiledeviation with the entropy based formulation.The proposed work attempts tooffer an integrated approach to network security by addressing issues involvingfeature extraction, data pre-processing, attack detection, and mitigation. Thisintegrated strategy offers potential improvements in the accuracy and efficiencyof cybersecurity systems.
Impact of EEG Reference Schemes on Event-Related Potential Outcomes: A Corollary Discharge Study Using a Talk/Listen Paradigm
Authors: Samantaray Subham , Goyal Nishant , Kesavan Muralidharan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Bose Anushree , S Umesh , VS Sreeraj , Das Manul , Raj Justin , Kumar Sujeet 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The selection of an appropriate virtual reference schema is pivotal in determining the outcomes of Event-Related Potential (ERP) studies, particularly within the widely utilized Talk/Listen ERP paradigm, which is employed to non-invasively explore the corollary discharge (CD) phenomenon in the speech-auditory system. This research centers on examining the effects of prevalent EEG reference schemas—Linked Mastoids (LM), Common Average Reference (CAR), and Reference Electrode Standardization Technique (REST)—through statistical analysis, Statistical Parametric Scalp Mapping (SPSM), and source localization techniques. Our ANOVA findings indicate significant main effects for both the reference and the experimental condition on the amplitude of N1 ERPs. Depending on the reference used, the polarity and amplitude of the N1 ERPs demonstrate systematic variations: LM is associated with pronounced frontocentral activity, whereas both CAR and REST exhibit patterns of frontocentral and occipitotemporal activity. The significance of SPSM results is confined to regions exhibiting prominent N1 activity for each reference schema. Source analysis provides corroborative evidence more aligned with the SPSM results for CAR than for REST or LM, suggesting that results under CAR are more objective and reliable. Therefore, the CAR reference is recommended for future studies involving Talk/Listen ERP paradigms.
A hybrid Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Efficient 3D Container Loading Problem
Authors: Fom Dung D. , Yinggui Zhang , Ndikuriyo Yves , Marius Zonou Coffi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper deals with the three-dimensional container loading problem (3D-CLP). Given a set of items known as boxes to be loaded into a rectangular box of larger dimensions known as a container. The aim is to maximize the space utilization and the value of the items packed in the container while adhering to fundamental constraints such as overlapping and overstepping items, orientation, and weight limits. The 3D-CLP is NP-Hard that is, finding the best solution requires exponential time. Many scholars have adopt the use of metaheuristic approaches in recent times. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid multi-objective optimization approach, a non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to address the 3D-CLP problem. In addition, we utilize the single-deep bottom left fill approach as a packing heuristic to load items into the container. The experiments demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach. This highlights the efficiency of the approach and demonstrates its potential relevance in real-world supply chain operations.
A Novel Additive Manufacturing Process Based on Joule Direct Energy Deposition with Laser Assistance: Continuous Directional Deformation Deposition
Authors: Liang Fupeng , Zhao Haipeng , Lu Zuhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel framework for high-speed metal wire additive manufacturing using Joule direct energy deposition and a secondary assisted heat source, such as a laser or electric arc. This forming process is defined as wire and Joule additive manufacturing (WJAM) or Continuous Directional Deformation Deposition (CDDD). The WJAM process separates the melting of the feedstock from the generating of the molten pool, that is to say, the melting of feedstock and the generating of molten pool are two independent controllable processes, thereby enhancing control over metal deformation and allowing the use of various metals. The experiments mainly included multiple materials (Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718, etc.) parts were printed based on the additive manufacturing machine prototype assembled by the author team of this article, and simulation via the finite element method (FEM) which demonstrated the thermal characteristics and the minimal laser power requirements. The WJAM process is efficient, cost-effective, high upper limit of deposition rate, and capable of producing complex and large parts with superior mechanical properties without the necessity for subsequent heat treatment. This paper elucidates the advantages of the WJAM over analogous technologies and its capacity to transform metal additive manufacturing.