bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPU-Powered Coherent Beamforming
Authors: Magro A. , Adami K. Zarb , Hickish J. 
Published: March 2015

Graphics processing units (GPU)-based beamforming is a relatively unexplored area in radio astronomy, possibly due to the assumption that any such system will be severely limited by the PCIe bandwidth required to transfer data to the GPU. We have developed a CUDA-based GPU implementation of a coherent beamformer, specifically designed and optimized for deployment at the BEST-2 array which can generate an arbitrary number of synthesized beams for a wide range of parameters. It achieves [Formula: see text] TFLOPs on an NVIDIA Tesla K20, approximately 10x faster than an optimized, multithreaded CPU implementation. This kernel has been integrated into two real-time, GPU-based time-domain software pipelines deployed at the BEST-2 array in Medicina: a standalone beamforming pipeline and a transient detection pipeline. We present performance benchmarks for the beamforming kernel as well as the transient detection pipeline with beamforming capabilities as well as results of test observation.
FUGA E BUSCA DE SI MESMO EM THE CATCHER IN THE RYE E O NARIZ DO MORTO
Authors: Salgado Maria das Graças de Santana 
Published: March 2015

Advindos de culturas diferentes, porém compartilhando um mesmo período histórico, o escritor norte americano Jerome D. Salinger (1919-2010) e o brasileiro Antonio Carlos Villaça (1928-2005) foram críticos radicais do establishment ao qual pertenceram. Transgressores, percebiam as instituições sociais como o lugar da inadequação e vislumbraram na fuga e reclusão a possibilidade de auto-expressão. O objetivo desse trabalho é discutir aspectos do discurso autobiográfico desses autores a partir dos livros The catcher in the rye (1951) e O nariz do morto (1970), observando pontos de aproximação e distanciamento entre ambos. Os dados sugerem que a persistente busca da verdade e de si mesmos representam uma espécie de tentativa de alcance do sagrado, revelando em ambos a característica híbrida de santo e insano.
Elucidation of the EP defect in Diamond-Blackfan anemia by characterization and prospective isolation of human EPs
Authors: Iskander Deena , Psaila Bethan , Gerrard Gareth , Chaidos Aristeidis , En Foong Hui , Harrington Yvonne , Karnik Leena C. , Roberts Irene , de la Fuente Josu , Karadimitris Anastasios 
Published: March 2015

Key Points
Identification and prospective isolation of EEP and LEP from human bone marrow (BM) facilitates the study of erythropoiesis. Quantitative and qualitative defects in EP underpinning erythropoietic failure in DBA are restored in steroid-responsive (SR) patients.
Increase in cerebral oxygenation during advanced life support in out-of-hospital patients is associated with return of spontaneous circulation
Authors: Genbrugge Cornelia , Meex Ingrid , Boer Willem , Jans Frank , Heylen René , Ferdinande Bert , Dens Jo , De Deyne Cathy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
By maintaining sufficient cerebral blood flow and oxygenation, the goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to preserve the pre-arrest neurological state. To date, cerebral monitoring abilities during CPR have been limited. Therefore, we investigated the time-course of cerebral oxygen saturation values (rSO2) during advanced life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Our primary aim was to compare rSO2 values during advanced life support from patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to patients who did not achieve ROSC.

Methods
We performed an observational study to measure rSO2 using Equanox™ (Nonin, Plymouth, MI) from the start of advanced life support in the pre-hospital setting.

Results
rSO2 of 49 consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients were analyzed. The total increase from initial rSO2 value until two minutes before ROSC or end of advanced life support efforts was significantly larger in the group with ROSC 16% (9 to 36) compared to the patients without ROSC 10% (4 to 15) (P = 0.02). Mean rSO2 from the start of measurement until two minutes before ROSC or until termination of advanced life support was higher in patients with ROSC than in those without, namely 39% ± 7 and 31% ± 4 (P = 0.05) respectively.

Conclusions
During pre-hospital advanced life support, higher increases in rSO2 are observed in patients attaining ROSC, even before ROSC was clinically determined. Our findings suggest that rSO2 could be used in the future to guide patient tailored treatment during cardiac arrest and could therefore be a surrogate marker of the systemic oxygenation state of the patient.
Mechanical ventilation modes for respiratory distress syndrome in infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Changsong , Guo Libo , Chi Chunjie , Wang Xiaoyang , Guo Lei , Wang Weiwei , Zhao Nana , Wang Yibo , Zhang Zhaodi , Li Enyou 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe effects of different mechanical ventilation (MV) modes on mortality outcome in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are not well known.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for studies published through April 2014 that assessed mortality in infants with RDS given different MV modes. We assessed studies for eligibility, extracted data, and subsequently pooled the data. A Bayesian fixed-effects model was used to combine direct comparisons with indirect evidence. We also performed sensitivity analyses and rankings of the competing treatment modes.ResultsIn total, 20 randomized controlled trials were included for the network meta-analysis, which consisted of 2,832 patients who received one of 16 ventilation modes. Compared with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) + pressure support ventilation (PSV), time-cycled pressure-limited ventilation (TCPL) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.290; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.071 to 0.972), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) (HR 0.294; 95% CI 0.080 to 0.852), SIMV + volume-guarantee (VG) (HR 0.122; 95% CI 0.014 to 0.858), and volume-controlled (V-C) (HR 0.139; 95% CI 0.024 to 0.677) ventilation modes are associated with lower mortality. The combined results of available ventilation modes were not significantly different in regard to the incidences of patent ductus arteriosus and intraventricular hemorrhage.ConclusionCompared with the SIMV + PSV ventilation mode, the TCPL, HFOV, SIMV + VG, and V-C ventilation modes are associated with lower mortality.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of intensive care unit admittance and mechanical ventilation use among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Tsai Chen-Liang , Lin Yu-Huei , Wang Meng-Ting , Chien Li-Nien , Jeng Chii , Chian Chih-Feng , Perng Wann-Cherng , Chiang Chi-Huei , Chiou Hung-Yi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is common among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and may have a deleterious effect on COPD prognosis. However, few studies have investigated whether GORD increases the risk of severe outcomes such as intensive care unit (ICU) admittance or mechanical ventilator use among COPD patients.

Methods
Propensity score matching by age, sex, comorbidities and COPD severity was used to match the 1,210 COPD patients with GORD sourced in this study to 2,420 COPD patients without GORD. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to explore the incidence of ICU admittance and machine ventilation with the log rank test being used to test for differences. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the risk of ICU admittance and mechanical ventilation use for patients with and without GORD.

Results
During the 12-month follow-up, GORD patients and non-GORD patients had 5.22 and 3.01 ICU admittances per 1000 person-months, and 4.34 and 2.41 mechanical ventilation uses per 1000 person-month, respectively. The log rank test revealed a difference in the incidence of ICU admittance and machine ventilation between the two cohorts. GORD was found to be an independent predicator of ICU admittance (adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.38) and mechanical ventilation (HRadj 1.92, 95% CI 1.35-2.72).

Conclusion
This is the first investigation to detect a significantly higher incidence rate and independently increased risk of admission to an ICU and mechanical ventilation use among COPD patients who subsequently developed GORD during the first year following their GORD diagnosis than COPD patients who did not develop GORD.
Mitochondrial respiration and redox coupling in articular chondrocytes
Authors: Lane Rachel S , Fu Yao , Matsuzaki Satoshi , Kinter Michael , Humphries Kenneth M , Griffin Timothy M 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Chondrocytes rely primarily on glycolysis to meet cellular energy needs, but recent studies implicate impaired mitochondrial function in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Our objectives were to investigate the ability of chondrocytes to upregulate mitochondrial respiration when challenged with a nutrient stress and determine the effect on mediators of chondrocyte oxidative homeostasis.

Methods
Primary bovine chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in alginate beads. Mitochondrial respiration was stimulated by culturing cells with galactose-supplemented media for a period of 1 or 5 days. Metabolic flexibility was assessed by measuring metabolite and enzymatic biomarkers of glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. Oxidative homeostasis was assessed by measuring (1) cellular glutathione content and redox homeostasis, (2) rates of nitric oxide and superoxide production, and (3) the abundance and activity of cellular anti-oxidant proteins, especially the mitochondrial isoform of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The regulatory role of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) in mediating the metabolic and redox responses was evaluated by chemical stabilization with cobalt chloride (CoCl2).

Results
After 5 days of galactose culture, lactate production and lactate dehydrogenase activity were reduced by 92% (P <0.0001) and 28% (P = 0.051), respectively. Conversely, basal oxygen consumption increased 35% (P = 0.042) without increasing mitochondrial content. Glutathione redox homeostasis was unaffected by galactose culture. However, the production of nitric oxide and superoxide and the expression and activity of SOD2 were significantly reduced after 5 days in galactose culture. Nuclear protein expression and gene expression of HIF-2α, a transcription factor for SOD2, were significantly downregulated (more than twofold; P <0.05) with galactose culture. CoCl2-mediated stabilization of HIF-2α during the initial galactose response phase attenuated the reduction in SOD2 (P = 0.028) and increased cell death (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Chondrocyte metabolic flexibility promotes cell survival during a nutrient stress by upregulating mitochondrial respiration and reducing the rate of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species production. These changes are coupled to a substantial reduction in the expression and activity of the mitochondrial anti-oxidant SOD2 and its pro-catabolic transcription factor HIF-2α, suggesting that an improved understanding of physiologic triggers of chondrocyte metabolic flexibility may provide new insight into the etiology of OA.
Anti-PM/Scl antibodies are found in Japanese patients with various systemic autoimmune conditions besides myositis and scleroderma
Authors: Muro Yoshinao , Hosono Yuji , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Ogawa Yasushi , Mimori Tsuneyo , Akiyama Masashi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Anti-PM/Scl antibodies are associated with polymyositis (PM)/systemic scleroderma (SSc) overlap syndromes and are also found in other systemic autoimmune diseases. Although anti-PM/Scl reactivity is found in 3-11% of PM or SSc patients and in approximately 25% of PM/SSc overlap patients, previous large studies of Japanese patients with scleroderma reported that anti-PM/Scl are not found in Japanese patients at all. The PM/Scl autoantigen complex comprises 11–16 different polypeptides; ELISA with PM1-α peptide, which is a major epitope of the PM/Scl complex, has frequently been used for the detection of these antibodies in recent studies. However, no ELISA kit is commercially available in Japan.

Methods
In this study, we developed an immunoassay for measuring antibodies against recombinant PM/Scl-100 and PM/Scl-75 polypeptides, which are the two major targets of the complex, and we investigated their presence in 600 Japanese patients with various systemic autoimmune conditions. Immunoprecipitation analysis using the recombinants in addition to traditional radiolabeled cell extracts were also applied to ELISA-positive sera.

Results
In ELISA, 11 patients were positive for anti-PM/Scl-100 antibodies and 7 of these 11 patients were also positive for anti-PM/Scl-75 antibodies. Immunoprecipitation analysis using the recombinants in addition to traditional radiolabeled cell extracts confirmed that 9 out of these 11 patients immunoprecipitated the typical sets of PM/Scl proteins. In total, 4/16 (25%) undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) patients, 3/126 (2.4%) dermatomyositis patients, 1/223 (0.4%) SSc patients, 1/88 (1.1%) Sjögren’s syndrome patients, 0/123 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 0/17 patients with overlap syndrome and 0/7 patients with PM were judged to be positive for anti-PM/Scl antibodies.

Conclusions
This is the first report of Japanese autoimmune patients with anti-PM/Scl antibodies. In Japanese patients, anti-PM/Scl antibodies are only very rarely found, and they are not always specific for dermatomyositis (DM) or SSc; they are also present in various autoimmune conditions with the highest prevalence being in UCTD. All anti-PM/Scl-positive DM cases are complicated with interstitial lung disease and/or cancer, while no life-threatening involvement was found in other anti-PM/Scl-positive cases. Further studies on larger cohorts are necessary to define the clinical significance of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in autoimmune diseases.
CYB5A polymorphism increases androgens and reduces risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women
Authors: Stark Klaus , Straub Rainer H , Rovenský Jozef , Blažičková Stanislava , Eiselt Gabriele , Schmidt Martin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by decreased androgen levels, which was the first hormonal abnormality described. Several studies indicated that steroidogenesis is directed towards endogenous glucocorticoids at the expense of androgens. The decisive step governing androgen synthesis is the 17,20-lyase activity of the CYP17A1 gene-encoded enzyme cytochrome P450 17A1. Here, we focused on the role in RA of the critical cofactor for 17,20-lyase activity, cytochrome b5, encoded by the CYB5A gene.

Methods
Data sets of two genome wide RA association studies (GWAS) were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the CYB5A gene. Candidate SNPs in CYB5A were studied in a case–control study population of Slovakia. Expression analyses were done in synovial fibroblasts from RA patients by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cytochrome b5–expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Real-life androgen production after steroid conversion was measured using radiolabeled substrates.

Results
The study identified the RA-associated intronic SNP rs1790834 in the CYB5A gene in one GWAS and confirmed the same SNP in our study. The minor allele reduced RA risk selectively in women (P = 4.1*10−3; OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.46-0.86]). The protective effect was confined to rheumatoid factor-positive (OR = 0.53, [0.37-0.75]) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive (OR = 0.58, [0.41-0.83]) cases, respectively. The protective allele doubles CYB5A mRNA-expression resulting in 2-3fold activation of steroid 17,20-lyase activity, and protective allele was accompanied by a higher density of cytochrome b5-positive cells in synovial tissue.

Conclusions
CYB5A is the first RA susceptibility gene involved in androgen synthesis. Our functional analysis of SNP rs1790834 indicates that it contributes to the sex bias observed in RA.
Carotid artery plaque in women with rheumatoid arthritis and low estimated cardiovascular disease risk: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Corrales Alfonso , Dessein Patrick H , Tsang Linda , Pina Trinitario , Blanco Ricardo , Gonzalez-Juanatey Carlos , Llorca Javier , Gonzalez-Gay Miguel A 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
We previously reported that most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and moderate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk according to the Systematic COronary Evaluation score (SCORE) experience carotid artery plaque. In this study, we aimed to identify patient characteristics that can potentially predict carotid plaque presence in women with RA and a concurrent low CVD risk according to the SCORE.

Methods
A cohort of 144 women with an evaluated low risk of CVD (SCORE value of zero) was assembled amongst 550 consecutive patients with RA that underwent CVD risk factor recording and carotid artery ultrasound. Participants had no established CVD, moderate or severe chronic kidney disease, or diabetes. We assessed carotid plaque(s) presence and its associated patient characteristics.

Results
Carotid artery plaque was present in 35 (24.3%) of women with RA. Age, the number of synthetic disease-modifying agents (DMARDs) and total cholesterol concentrations were independently associated with plaque in multivariable stepwise backward regression analysis (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.15 (1.07 to 1.24), P <0.0001, 1.51 (1.05 to 2.17), P = 0.03 and 1.66 (1.00 to 2.73) P = 0.04), respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) for the association with plaque was 0.807 (P <0.0001), 0.679 (P = 0.001) and 0.599 (P = 0.08) for age, total cholesterol concentrations and number of synthetic DMARDs used, respectively. The optimal cutoff value in predicting plaque presence for age was 49.5 years with a sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 75%, respectively, and for total cholesterol concentration, it was 5.4 mmol/l with a sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 70%, respectively. The plaque prevalence was 37.5% in patients (n = 80; 55.6%) with age >49.5 years or/and total cholesterol concentration of >5.4 mmol/l, respectively, compared to only 7.8% in those (n = 64; 44.4%) with age ≤49.5 years or/and total cholesterol concentration of ≤5.4 mmol/l, respectively.

Conclusions
Approximately one-third of women with RA who experience a low SCORE value and are aged >49.5 years or/and have a total cholesterol concentration of >5.4 mmol/l, experience high-risk atherosclerosis, which requires intensive CVD risk management.
Altered balance of interleukin-13/interferon-gamma contributes to lacrimal gland destruction and secretory dysfunction in CD25 knockout model of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Bian Fang , Barbosa Flavia L , Corrales Rosa M , Pelegrino Flavia SA , Volpe Eugene A , Pflugfelder Stephen C , de Paiva Cintia S 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The lacrimal gland (LG) of the CD25-/- model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) has high interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokines. The specific contribution of these cytokines to the onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in the CD25-/- mice has not been evaluated.

Methods
CD25−/−IL-17A−/−, CD25−/−IL-17−/−IFN-γ−/− and CD25−/−IFN-γ−/− were used at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks (W). Total lymphocytic infiltration was evaluated by histology and characterized by flow cytometry. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration was measured in tears. Immunofluorescent staining evaluated expression of IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) and apoptosis. Real-time PCR evaluated inflammatory and T cell-related cytokines expression in LG. Caspase-3, -8, -9 activities was assayed in LG lysates. T helper cytokines were measured in serum by Luminex assay.

Results
The greatest total LG infiltration at 8 W was seen in CD25−/−IL-17A−/− (95%), followed by CD25−/− (71%) and IL-17−/− (12%). Tear EGF concentration was in normal range in CD25−/− at 4 W and in very low levels in both CD25−/− and CD25−/−IL-17A−/−. CD25−/− had high levels of inflammatory cytokines transcripts in LG compared to IL-17−/− mice; however, CD25−/−IL-17A−/− had even higher IL-1β, IFN-γR, caspase-3, -8, -9 mRNA levels, greater immunoreactivity to IFN-γR in LG acini, greater number of apoptotic+ cells and greater caspases activities in the LG at 8 W. CD25−/−IL-17A−/− had lower IL-13 concentration and lower IL-13/IFN-γ ratio compared to CD25−/− in serum. CD25−/−IFN-γ−/− had lower number of apoptotic+ cells and decreased caspase-3 expression in LG. CD25−/−IL-17−/−IFN-γ−/− had lower total lymphocytic cell infiltration at 8 W (48%), CD4+T cell infiltration and expression of IFN-γR and apoptotic+ cells in the LG and increased tear EGF concentration in tears.

Conclusions
IFN-γ is critical for LG destruction and secretory dysfunction in the CD25−/− model of SS. Altered balance between IFN-γ and IL-13 in the CD25−/−IL-17A−/− mice accelerates LG destruction by increasing glandular apoptosis and facilitating apoptosis through increased expression of IFN-γR by glandular epithelium and activation of caspases. Targeting both IFN-γ and IL-17 may be beneficial for treating the LG inflammation in SS.
Apolipoprotein E-dependent load of white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer’s disease: a voxel-based lesion mapping study
Authors: Morgen Katrin , Schneider Michael , Frölich Lutz , Tost Heike , Plichta Michael M , Kölsch Heike , Rakebrandt Fabian , Rienhoff Otto , Jessen Frank , Peters Oliver , Jahn Holger , Luckhaus Christian , Hüll Michael , Gertz Hermann-Josef , Schröder Johannes , Hampel Harald , Teipel Stefan J , Pantel Johannes , Heuser Isabella , Wiltfang Jens , Rüther Eckart , Kornhuber Johannes , Maier Wolfgang , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
White matter (WM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hyperintensities are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but their pathophysiological relevance and relationship to genetic factors are unclear. In the present study, we investigated potential apolipoprotein E (APOE)-dependent effects on the extent and cognitive impact of WM hyperintensities in patients with AD.

Methods
WM hyperintensity volume on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of 201 patients with AD (128 carriers and 73 non-carriers of the APOE ε4 risk allele) was determined globally as well as regionally with voxel-based lesion mapping. Clinical, neuropsychological and MRI data were collected from prospective multicenter trials conducted by the German Dementia Competence Network.

Results
WM hyperintensity volume was significantly greater in non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Lesion distribution was similar among ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Only ε4 non-carriers showed a correlation between lesion volume and cognitive performance.

Conclusion
The current findings indicate an increased prevalence of WM hyperintensities in non-carriers compared with carriers of the APOE ε4 allele among patients with AD. This is consistent with a possibly more pronounced contribution of heterogeneous vascular risk factors to WM damage and cognitive impairment in patients with AD without APOE ε4-mediated risk.