bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of structured education in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment (结构化教育对接受胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者的效果)
Authors: Guo Xiao Hui , Ji Li Nong , Lu Ju Ming , Liu Jie , Lou Qing Qing , Liu Jing , Shen Li , Zhang Ming Xia , Lv Xiao Feng , Gu Ming Jun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of structured education in insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsIn a 16‐week open‐label randomized controlled study, 1511 T2DM patients with inadequate responses to two or more oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) for >3 months (HbA1c >7.5%) were randomized (1:1) to either an education group (structured diabetes education plus insulin therapy) or a control group (usual care plus insulin therapy). Both groups discontinued previous OADs (except biguanides and α‐glucosidase inhibitors) and started twice daily injections of 30% soluble–70% isophane recombinant insulin. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline. Efficacy and safety data were analyzed for within‐ and between‐group differences.ResultsOf the initial 1511 patients, 1289 completed the study (643 in the control group; 646 in the education group). At the end of the study, significant reductions in HbA1c versus baseline were evident in both groups, but the reduction was greater in the education group (2.16% vs 2.08%; P < 0.05). A higher proportion of patients in the education group achieved target HbA1c levels <7% (43.81% vs 36.86%; P < 0.05) and ≤6.5% (28.48% vs 22.71%; P < 0.05). In addition, patients in the education group showed greater increments in scores and improvement in the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of hypoglycemic events was similar in the two groups.ConclusionsStructured education can promote the ability of patients to self‐manage and their compliance with medications, thereby achieving better outcomes.
Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 August 2013–30 September 2013
Authors:   Genomic Resources Development Consortium, Coltman David W. , Davis Corey S. , Lunn Nick J. , Malenfant René M. , Richardson Evan S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article documents the public availability of raw transcriptome sequence data and 63,020 SNPs for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus).
Human papillomavirus promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating DNA methylation and expression of HLA‐DQB1
Authors: Feng Biao , Awuti Idiris , Deng Yanchao , Li Desheng , Niyazi Maidiniyeti , Aniwar Julaiti , Sheyhidin Ilyar , Lu Guoqing , Li Gang , Zhang Liwei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsEsophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Along with nutrition, smoking and alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the major risk factors, which is modulated by host immune response. This study is aimed at elucidating how HPV modifies host immune system in the EC pathogenesis.MethodsThe HPV and HLA‐DQB1 levels in primary esophageal squamous cell (ESC) cancer cells from Han, Khazak and Uygur patients were analyzed by quantitative real‐time PCR and immunoblotting. The ability of HPV16 E6/E7 to transform normal primary ESCs was investigated by infecting ESC with pMSCVpuro‐carried E6 or E7. The shRNA against HPV16 E6 or E7 was delivered by adenovirus into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells with high HPV content. The DNA methylation level of HLA‐DQB1 was measured by methylation‐specific PCR.ResultsThe HLA‐DQB1 expression level was correlated with the levels of HPV and inversely related to DNA methylation level of HLA‐DQB1. Overexpressing HPV16 E6 or E7 alone was enough to transform normal primary ESCs. However, single knockdown of either E6 or E7 in ESC cancer cells did not reduce HLA‐DQB1 expression.ConclusionsOncogenic HPV E6 and E7 genes promoted ESCC pathogenesis by upregulating susceptible HLA‐DQB1 via DNA demethylation.
Antileukaemic effect of PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia‐gene expression profiles reveal CDC25B expression as determinate of pharmacological effect
Authors: Reikvam Håkon , Tamburini Jerome , Skrede Silje , Holdhus Rita , Poulain Laury , Ersvær Elisabeth , Hatfield Kimberley J. , Bruserud Øystein 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy. Intracellular signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is important for regulation of cellular growth and metabolism, and inhibitors of this pathway is considered for AML treatment. Primary human AML cells, derived from 96 consecutive adult patients, were examined. The effects of two mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, temsirolimus) and two PI3K inhibitors (GDC‐0941, 3‐methyladenine) were studied, and we investigated cytokine‐dependent proliferation, regulation of apoptosis and global gene expression profiles. Only a subset of patients demonstrated strong antiproliferative effects of PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified two main clusters of patients; one subset showing weak or absent antiproliferative effects (59%) and another group showing a strong growth inhibition for all drugs and concentrations examined (41%). Global gene expression analyses showed that patients with AML cell resistance against PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors showed increased mRNA expression of the CDC25B gene that encodes the cell cycle regulator Cell Division Cycle 25B. The antileukaemic effect of PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR inhibition varies between patients, and resistance to these inhibitors is associated with the expression of the cell cycle regulator CDC25B, which is known to crosstalk with the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway and mediate rapamycin resistance in experimental models.
Programmed death‐1 expression in cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Çetinözman Fatma , Koens Lianne , Jansen Patty M. , Willemze Rein 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundNumbers of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) positive T cells have prognostic significance in some types of nodal B‐cell lymphomas, but data on PD‐1 expression in cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (CBCL) are few. In this study we determined the expression and distribution of PD‐1 on neoplastic B cells and reactive T cells in skin sections from primary CBCLs.MethodsBy means of immunohistochemical staining, PD‐1 expression was investigated in skin biopsies from 10 patients with primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), 18 patients with primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) and 12 patients with primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma–leg type (PCDLBCL–LT).ResultsNeoplastic B cells were negative for PD‐1 in all cases, except for two cases of PCDLBCL–LT. The frequency of PD‐1+ T cells was significantly higher in PCFCL than in PCMZL and PCDLBCL–LT, accounting for 20, 10 and 3% of the total number of infiltrating cells, and 60, 20 and 15% of the total number of CD3+ T cells, respectively.ConclusionsPD‐1 is rarely expressed by the neoplastic B cells in CBCL. High percentages of PD‐1+ T cells, particularly if found outside germinal centers, support a diagnosis of PCFCL.
Elevated liver enzymes are related to progression to impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men
Authors: Oka R. , Aizawa T. , Yagi K. , Hayashi K. , Kawashiri M. , Yamagishi M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether the elevation of liver enzymes is associated with the progression from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.MethodsA historical cohort study was conducted in 594 male workers at public schools, who had normal glucose tolerance at baseline. The progression to impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia during a mean follow‐up of 3.1 years was measured using an oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsOverall, 141 (23.7%) subjects developed impaired glucose tolerance and 68 (11.4%) subjects developed impaired fasting glycaemia, 23 of whom had combined impaired fasting glycaemia/impaired glucose tolerance. The incidence of impaired glucose tolerance increased significantly with increasing quartiles of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyltransferase (P for trend <0.01). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors, including plasma glucose levels, BMI and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, the risk of progression to impaired glucose tolerance was significantly higher in the highest quartile of alanine aminotransferase than in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–5.7). A significant association between alanine aminotransferase and the progression to impaired glucose tolerance was found after further adjustments for other liver enzymes or after the sample was limited to those with BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 or with fasting plasma glucose < 5.5 mmol/l.ConclusionsA higher level of alanine aminotransferase was independently associated with progression from normal to impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men. The elevation of alanine aminotransferase may be a change that occurs early in the evolution of diabetes.
‘Cough‐triggered’ tuberculosis screening among adults with diabetes in Tanzania
Authors: Mtwangambate G. , Kalluvya S. E. , Kidenya B. R. , Kabangila R. , Downs J. A. , Smart L. R. , Fitzgerald D. W. , Peck R. N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsDiabetes increases the risk of tuberculosis and the prevalence of diabetes is rising in tuberculosis‐endemic regions such as sub‐Saharan Africa. Resource‐appropriate strategies for tuberculosis case finding among African adults with diabetes are needed. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of tuberculosis and evaluate one screening strategy among adult Tanzanians with diabetes.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we evaluated a ‘cough‐triggered’ strategy for tuberculosis case finding among adults with diabetes at our zonal hospital in Tanzania. All adults with diabetes and cough underwent further tuberculosis symptom assessment, and those with productive cough had sputum collected for microscopy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture.ResultsBetween September 2011 and March 2012, 700 adults with diabetes attended our hospital. A total of 693 were enrolled, 121/693 (17.5%) had cough and 32/693 (4.6%) had at least two of the classic symptoms of tuberculosis. Of note, 87/121 (71.9%) of patients with cough could not produce sputum spontaneously. Nine patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis for a prevalence of 1299/100 000 (1.3%), sevenfold greater than the national average.ConclusionsTuberculosis is common among Tanzanian adults with diabetes, but tuberculosis case finding is challenging because of the high prevalence of non‐productive cough. This low‐cost, ‘cough‐triggered’ tuberculosis case‐finding strategy may serve as a reasonable first step for improving tuberculosis screening among adults with diabetes in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Millimetre‐scale distribution of organic matter composition at intact biopore and crack surfaces
Authors: Leue M. , Gerke H. H. , Ellerbrock R. H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryStructured subsoil horizons are characterized by biopores and shrinkage cracks, which may serve as preferential flow paths. The surfaces of cracks and biopores may be coated by clay‐organic material. The spatially‐distributed organic matter (OM) composition at such structural surfaces was studied at the millimetre scale using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy in the mid‐infrared range (MIR). Intact biopores such as earthworm burrows and root channels, and crack surfaces of nine subsoil horizons were analysed. The samples were from arable and forest Luvisols, one Regosol, one Stagnosol and Cambisols developed from loess, till, mudstone and limestone. For better comparison between soils, the DRIFT signal intensities were corrected for the particle‐size effects. The OM was characterized by the ratio between alkyl‐ (C–H) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups (C–H/C=O), which represent an index of the potential wettability (PWI) of the OM. The PWI was larger for biopores than for crack surfaces and the soil matrix, indicating a smaller potential wettability of OM at biopore surfaces. The millimetre‐scale spatial variability of OM was especially large for the surfaces of root channels. Samples from till‐derived Luvisols had smaller PWI (with greater potential wettability than surfaces from loess‐derived Luvisols) than other soil types. The mean PWI of the arable Luvisol crack surfaces was less than that of the forest Luvisol samples. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of OM properties at intact structural surfaces may be important for describing sorption and mass transfer processes during preferential flow.
Automated hippocampal segmentation in patients with epilepsy: Available free online
Authors: Winston Gavin P. , Cardoso M. Jorge , Williams Elaine J. , Burdett Jane L. , Bartlett Philippa A. , Espak Miklos , Behr Charles , Duncan John S. , Ourselin Sebastien 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPurposeHippocampal sclerosis, a common cause of refractory focal epilepsy, requires hippocampal volumetry for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. Manual segmentation is time‐consuming and subject to interrater/intrarater variability. Automated algorithms perform poorly in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We validate and make freely available online a novel automated method.MethodsManual hippocampal segmentation was performed on 876, 3T MRI scans and 202, 1.5T scans. A template database of 400 high‐quality manual segmentations was used to perform automated segmentation of all scans with a multi‐atlas–based segmentation propagation method adapted to perform label fusion based on local similarity to ensure accurate segmentation regardless of pathology. Agreement between manual and automated segmentations was assessed by degree of overlap (Dice coefficient) and comparison of hippocampal volumes.Key FindingsThe automated segmentation algorithm provided robust delineation of the hippocampi on 3T scans with no more variability than that seen between different human raters (Dice coefficients: interrater 0.832, manual vs. automated 0.847). In addition, the algorithm provided excellent results with the 1.5T scans (Dice coefficient 0.827), and automated segmentation remained accurate even in small sclerotic hippocampi. There was a strong correlation between manual and automated hippocampal volumes (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.929 on the left and 0.941 on the right in 3T scans).SignificanceWe demonstrate reliable identification of hippocampal atrophy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis, which is crucial for clinical management of epilepsy, particularly if surgical treatment is being contemplated. We provide a free online Web‐based service to enable hippocampal volumetry to be available globally, with consequent greatly improved evaluation of those with epilepsy.
Performance in working memory and attentional control is associated with the rs2180619 SNP in the CNR1 gene
Authors: Ruiz‐Contreras A. E. , Carrillo‐Sánchez K. , Ortega‐Mora I. , Barrera‐Tlapa M. A. , Román‐López T. V. , Rosas‐Escobar C. B. , Flores‐Barrera L. , Caballero‐Sánchez U. , Muñoz‐Torres Z. , Romero‐Hidalgo S. , Hernández‐Morales S. , González‐Barrios J. A. , Vadillo‐Ortega F. , Méndez‐Díaz M. , Aguilar‐Roblero R. , Prospéro‐García O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndividual differences in cognitive performance are partly dependent, on genetic polymporhisms. One of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the CNR1 gene, which codes for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), is the rs2180619, located in a regulatory region of this gene (6q14–q15). The alleles of the rs2180619 are A > G; the G allele has been associated with addiction and high levels of anxiety (when the G allele interacts with the SS genotype of the 5‐HTTLPR gene). However, GG genotype is observed also in healthy subjects. Considering G allele as risk for ‘psychopathological conditions’, it is possible that GG healthy subjects do not be addicted or anxious, but would have reduced performance, compared to AA subjects, in attentional control and working memory processing. One hundred and sixty‐four healthy young Mexican‐Mestizo subjects (100 women and 64, men; mean age: 22.86 years, SD=2.72) participated in this study, solving a task where attentional control and working memory were required. GG subjects, compared to AA subjects showed: (1) a general lower performance in the task (P = 0.02); (2) lower performance only when a high load of information was held in working memory (P = 0.02); and (3) a higher vulnerability to distractors (P = 0.03). Our results suggest that, although the performance of GG subjects was at normal levels, a lower efficiency of the endocannabinoid system, probably due to a lowered expression of CB1R, produced a reduction in the performance of these subjects when attentional control and working memory processing is challenged.
Does prescribed burning result in biotic homogenization of coastal heathlands?
Authors: Velle Liv Guri , Nilsen Liv Sigrid , Norderhaug Ann , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiotic homogenization due to replacement of native biodiversity by widespread generalist species has been demonstrated in a number of ecosystems and taxonomic groups worldwide, causing growing conservation concern. Human disturbance is a key driver of biotic homogenization, suggesting potential conservation challenges in seminatural ecosystems, where anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing and burning are necessary for maintaining ecological dynamics and functioning. We test whether prescribed burning results in biotic homogenization in the coastal heathlands of north‐western Europe, a seminatural landscape where extensive grazing and burning has constituted the traditional land‐use practice over the past 6000 years. We compare the beta‐diversity before and after fire at three ecological scales: within local vegetation patches, between wet and dry heathland patches within landscapes, and along a 470 km bioclimatic gradient. Within local patches, we found no evidence of homogenization after fire; species richness increased, and the species that entered the burnt Calluna stands were not widespread specialists but native grasses and herbs characteristic of the heathland system. At the landscapes scale, we saw a weak homogenization as wet and dry heathland patches become more compositionally similar after fire. This was because of a decrease in habitat‐specific species unique to either wet or dry habitats and postfire colonization by a set of heathland specialists that established in both habitat types. Along the bioclimatic gradient, species that increased after fire generally had more specific environmental requirements and narrower geographical distributions than the prefire flora, resulting in a biotic ‘heterogenisation’ after fire. Our study demonstrates that human disturbance does not necessarily cause biotic homogenization, but that continuation of traditional land‐use practices can instead be crucial for the maintenance of the diversity and ecological function of a seminatural ecosystem. The species that established after prescribed burning were heathland specialists with relatively narrow geographical ranges.
Divergent responses of fire to recent warming and drying across south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Bradstock Ross , Penman Trent , Boer Matthias , Price Owen , Clarke Hamish 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe response of fire to climate change may vary across fuel types characteristic of differing vegetation types (i.e. litter vs. grass). Models of fire under climatic change capture these differing potential responses to varying degrees. Across south‐eastern Australia, an elevation in the severity of weather conditions conducive to fire has been measured in recent decades. We examined trends in area burned (1975–2009) to determine if a corresponding increase in fire had occurred across the diverse range of ecosystems found in this part of the continent. We predicted that an increase in fire, due to climatic warming and drying, was more likely to have occurred in moist, temperate forests near the coast than in arid and semiarid woodlands of the interior, due to inherent contrasts in the respective dominant fuel types (woody litter vs. herbaceous fuels). Significant warming (i.e. increased temperature and number of hot days) and drying (i.e. negative precipitation anomaly, number of days with low humidity) occurred across most of the 32 Bioregions examined. The results were mostly consistent with predictions, with an increase in area burned in seven of eight forest Bioregions, whereas area burned either declined (two) or did not change significantly (nine) in drier woodland Bioregions. In 12 woodland Bioregions, data were insufficient for analysis of temporal trends in fire. Increases in fire attributable mostly to warming or drying were confined to three Bioregions. In the remainder, such increases were mostly unrelated to warming or drying trends and therefore may be due to other climate effects not explored (e.g. lightning ignitions) or possible anthropogenic influences. Projections of future fire must therefore not only account for responses of different fuel systems to climatic change but also the wider range of ecological and human effects on interactions between fire and vegetation.
Trends of Second‐Line Eradication Therapy forHelicobacter pyloriin Japan: A Multicenter Study in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Asaoka Daisuke , Nagahara Akihito , Matsuhisa Takeshi , Takahashi Shin‐ichi , Tokunaga Kengo , Kawai Takashi , Kawakami Kohei , Suzuki Hidekazu , Suzuki Masayuki , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Kurihara Naoto , Ito Masayoshi , Sasaki Hitoshi , Omata Fumio , Mizuno Shigeaki , Torii Akira , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Mine Tetsuya , Sakaki Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the eradication rate of first‐line therapy forHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin (AMPC) and clarithromycin (CAM) has been decreasing because of a high prevalence ofCAMresistance. A possible decrease of the eradication rate for second‐line therapy with aPPI,AMPCand metronidazole (MNZ) is of concern. The aim of this study is to assess the trends in second‐line eradication therapy forH. pyloriin Japan.Materials and MethodsWe accumulated data retrospectively on patients administered second‐line eradication therapy forHelicobacter pyloriwith a PPI, AMPC, and MNZ for 1 week after failure of first‐line eradication therapy with a PPI, AMPC and CAM at 15 facilities in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan from 2007 to 2011. Trends for second‐line eradication rates in modified intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analyses were investigated. Second‐line eradication rates were categorized by threePPIs (rabeprazole (RPZ), lansoprazole (LPZ) or omeprazole (OMZ)) and evaluated.ResultsWe accumulated data on 1373 patients. The overall second‐line eradication rate was 92.4%. Second‐line eradication rates in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 were 97.7, 90.6, 94.5, 91.8 and 91.8%, respectively, with no significant trends revealed. Second‐line eradication rates categorized by threePPIs for the entire 5‐year period were 91.6, 93.4 and 92.4% (RPZ,LPZandOPZ, respectively) with no significant differences among the threePPIs.ConclusionsFrom 2007 to 2011, there were no significant trends in the second‐line eradication rates and the rates remained consistently high. From the viewpoint of high prevalence ofCAMresistance in Japan, triple therapy withPPI,AMPCandMNZmay be a better strategy for first‐line therapy compared to triple therapy withPPI,AMPCandCAM.