bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed test suite augmentation: an empirical investigation
Authors: Xu Zhihong , Kim Yunho , Kim Moonzoo , Cohen Myra B. , Rothermel Gregg 
Published: November 2014

SummaryTest suite augmentation techniques are used in regression testing to identify code elements in a modified program that are not adequately tested and to generate test cases to cover those elements. A defining feature of test suite augmentation techniques is the potential for reusing existing regression test suites. Our preliminary work suggests that several factors influence the efficiency and effectiveness of augmentation techniques that perform such reuse. These include the order in which target code elements are considered while generating test cases, the manner in which existing regression test cases and newly generated test cases are used, and the algorithm used to generate test cases. In this work, we present the results of two empirical studies examining these factors, considering two test case generation algorithms (concolic and genetic). The results of our studies show that the primary factor affecting augmentation using these approaches is the test case generation algorithm utilized; this affects both cost and effectiveness. The manner in which existing and newly generated test cases are utilized also has a substantial effect on efficiency and in some cases a substantial effect on effectiveness. The order in which target code elements are considered turns out to have relatively few effects when using concolic test case generation but in some cases influences the efficiency of genetic test case generation. The results of our first study, on four relatively small programs using a large number of test suites, are supported by our second study of a much larger program available in multiple versions. Together, the studies reveal a potential opportunity for creating a more cost‐effective hybrid augmentation approach leveraging both concolic and genetic test case generation techniques, while appropriately utilizing our understanding of the factors that affect them. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric analysis of distributed power control and Möbius MAC design
Authors: Tong Zhen , Haenggi Martin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a geometric analysis of the convergence condition for the Foschini–Miljanic power control algorithm. The Möbius transform is exploited for the first time to analyze the convergence condition of the power control algorithm. A novel MAC scheme based on the Möbius transform is proposed for the link scheduling problem and proven to improve spatial reuse by scheduling links in pairs if possible. The peak power constraint of wireless networks is analyzed theoretically, and applications to random networks are explored in detail. Observations from the analysis of peak power constraints are also applied to the design of the MAC scheme (Möbius MAC) to improve the convergence speed and system performance. Simulation results show that our Möbius MAC can roughly double the performance of CSMA in terms of transport density. Applications to cognitive networks and heterogeneous networks are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐layer study for application‐aware multi‐hop cognitive radio networks
Authors: Shu Zhihui , Qian Yi , Yang Yaoqing , Sharif Hamid 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSatisfying the different requirements of applications is important in multi‐hop cognitive radio networks, because the spectrum resources change dynamically and the requirements for various applications could be very different. In this paper, we propose new schemes of channel allocation and route selection for real‐time and non‐real‐time applications to tackle this challenge. Our scheme is flexible so that it can adapt to the different application requirements, and it can provide enough throughput while maintaining the packet loss rate and transmission rate requirements. First, we give the network model in a cognitive radio network environment, and show how to calculate the capacity of the route in multi‐hop cognitive radio networks. Second, we formulate optimization problems to fulfill the rate requirements of different applications for each unicast session. We also consider the primary user activities, channel availability, interface and interference constraint. We propose the corresponding routing and channel allocation schemes for different application scenarios. Third, we propose an admission control scheme to study the impact of application requirements for multiple sessions in cognitive radio networks. Finally, we implement simulations to show the performance of our schemes and compare them with existing schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Iron on the Structural Evolution of LiNi0.4Fe0.2Mn1.4O4 during Electrochemical Cycling Investigated by in situ Powder Diffraction and Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Yavuz Murat , Kiziltas‐Yavuz Nilüfer , Bhaskar Aiswarya , Scheuermann Marco , Indris Sylvio , Fauth Francois , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: November 2014

Abstract The cathode materials LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and LiNi0.4Fe0.2Mn1.4O4 were synthesized using a citric acid‐assisted sol‐gel method with a final calcination temperature of 1000 °C. An impurity phase exists in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders, which can be eliminated by substituting some of the Ni2+ and Mn4+ ions with Fe3+. The substitution of Fe into the spinel structure was confirmed by NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The initial capacity of LiNi0.4Fe0.2Mn1.4O4 powder synthesized at 1000 °C (LNFMO) is slightly higher than that of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powder synthesized at 1000 °C (LNMO). Additionally, its capacity retention of 92 % at room temperature after 300 cycles at C/2 charging‐discharging rate between 3.5–5.0 V is higher than that of the Fe‐free sample (79.5 %) under same conditions which could arise from the difference in their cycling mechanisms. In order to understand the structural evolution of these materials during electrochemical cycling, in situ studies under real operating conditions were performed. Measurements of initial powders in capillaries and in situ experiments during the first galvanostatic cycle were carried out by high resolution powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation.
Rotational Rigid Body Symmetry Modes: A Tool for the Investigation of Phase Transitions
Authors: Etter Martin , Müller Melanie , Dinnebier Robert E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPhase transitions recorded using in‐situ powder diffraction are typically analysed by Rietveld refinements applying relative atomic coordinates in a least‐squares iteration process. Although this choice of relative atomic coordinates gives an intuitive coordinate system, it can be improved by changing to another basis of the atomic configuration space, as the motion of whole atomic groups or polyhedra can be normally described with a smaller set of parameters. Using rotational rigid body symmetry modes as another basis, it is possible to directly describe and refine the rotation of groups of atoms (denoted as constrainable atomic groups). In addition, a reduction of the total number of relevant parameters can occur. In order to explore the capabilities of this new approach, phase transitions in different compounds, namely sodium niobate (NaNbO3), ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2), and schafarzikite (FeSb2O4) are reinvestigated.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Vibrational Spectra of Five Novel Peroxidocerates(IV) and the Occurrence of a New Complex Unit in K8[Ce2(O2)3(NTA)2]2·20H2O
Authors: Pook Niels‐Patrick , Adam Arnold 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe novel peroxidocerates(IV) [Co(NH3)6]4[Ce(O2)(CO3)3]2(CO3)2·12H2O (I), A4[Ce(O2)(EDTA)]2·14H2O (A = K, Rb) (II, III), K[Co(NH3)6][Ce(O2)(EDTA)]2·7H2O (IV), and K8[Ce2(O2)3(NTA)2]2·20H2O (V) were synthesized by reactions of cerium(IV) and hydrogen peroxide in concentrated aqueous alkali carbonate or alkali carboxylate solutions. Their crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds I and V crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2) and compounds II–IV in monoclinic space groups, whereas the isotypic compounds II and III crystallize in the space group P21/c (No. 14) and compound IV in the space group P21/m (No. 11). All compounds contain the common centrosymmetric [Ce(O2)2Ce]4+ unit. This unit consists of doubly bidentate peroxido groups, which are face‐sharing two cerium atoms. In structure V a new coordination mode of connecting two centrosymmetric [Ce(O2)2Ce]4+ units by a third adjacent peroxide group was observed for the first time. All mentioned complexes have a tenfold coordination sphere of cerium in common. Furthermore, the crystal structure of compound I exhibits a weakly bonded (or so‐called free) carbonate group. The FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra of the title compounds II–V were recorded and discussed.
Quantified abstract configurations of distributed systems
Authors: Albert Elvira , Correas Jesús , Puebla Germán , Román-Díez Guillermo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

When reasoning about distributed systems, it is essential to have information about the different kinds of nodes that compose the system, how many instances of each kind exist, and how nodes communicate with other nodes. In this paper we present a static-analysis-based approach which is able to provide information about the questions above. In order to cope with an unbounded number of nodes and an unbounded number of calls among them, the analysis performs an
abstraction
of the system producing a graph whose nodes may represent (infinitely) many concrete nodes and arcs represent any number of (infinitely) many calls among nodes. The crux of our approach is that the abstraction is enriched with upper bounds inferred by
resource analysis
that limit the number of concrete instances that the nodes and arcs represent and their resource consumption. The information available in our
quantified abstract configurations
allows us to define performance indicators which measure the quality of the system. In particular, we present several indicators that assess the level of distribution in the system, the amount of communication among distributed nodes that it requires, and how balanced the load of the distributed nodes that compose the system is. Our performance indicators are given as functions on the input data sizes, and they can be used to automate the comparison of different distributed settings and guide towards finding the optimal configuration.
Temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries to prevent massive hemorrhage during cesarean delivery among patients with placenta previa
Authors: Broekman Evelien A. , Versteeg Henneke , Vos Louwerens D. , Dijksterhuis Marja G. , Papatsonis Dimitri N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac artery before uterine incision to prevent massive obstetric hemorrhage during cesarean delivery among patients with anterior placenta previa.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study conducted at Amphia Hospital Breda (Breda, Netherlands), data were analyzed from women with anterior placenta previa who delivered by cesarean between January 1, 2001, and September 30, 2012. Cases with and without balloon occlusion of the internal iliac artery were included. The primary outcomes were the amount of blood loss during cesarean delivery, drop of hemoglobin level, and blood loss of more than 1000 mL.ResultsOf 68 eligible women, 42 (62%) had temporary balloon occlusion and 26 (38%) had no balloon occlusion. Median blood loss was 800 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 488–1113) in the balloon group and 1000 mL (IQR 694–1307) in the no balloon group (P= 0.06). Blood loss of 1000 mL or more was recorded in 16 (38%) women in the balloon group and 18 (69%) in the no balloon group (P= 0.01).ConclusionTemporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac artery before uterine incision during cesarean delivery could potentially reduce blood loss among patients with anterior placenta previa. Large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.
‘I'd rather wear out than rust out’: autobiologies of ageing equestriennes
Authors: DAVIS DONA L. , MAURSTAD ANITA , DEAN SARAH 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHorse–human relationships expressed as a kind of co-embodied engagement or mutual physicality between horse and rider receive note in emerging literatures on equine sports and multi-species ethnography. Less attention focuses on the impacts of equestrienne activities on ageing female bodies. This study is based on analysis of narrative data collected from open-ended qualitative interviews with 36 women, aged 40–70, who participate in a variety of equestrian activities and sports in the North American Midwest and Arctic Norway. Although ageing informants associate animal partnerships with the maintenance of health, and although informants' narratives show some accord with master narratives of ageing athletes identified by sports sociologists, the natures of horse–human relationships invite more explicit, horse- specific contexts of analysis. The phrase ‘autobiologies of ageing’ denotes how women's narratives of equestrienne ageing privilege and centre a subjective sense of physical identity or embodied self where the rider's experience of her body becomes entangled with and impartible from that of the horse or horses she rides.
Global Leadership and International Regime: Empirical Testing of Cooperation without Hegemony Paradigm on the Basis of 120 Multilateral Conventions Data Deposited to the United Nations System
Authors: QUYNH LE LIEN THI , MIKAMI YOSHIKI , INOGUCHI TAKASHI 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study is an attempt to construct a quantitative link for international regimes with global leadership. The country's willingness to lead in solving global issues as the first mover in the formation of an international regime is measured and characterized by analyzing their ratification behavior in multilateral conventions deposited to the United Nations which shape ‘the rules of the game’ of the global community. For this purpose, a set of quantitative indicators, the Index of Global Leadership Willingness and the Global Support Index, was defined and calculated for each country based on its actual ratification year data for 120 multilateral conventions covering global issues such as peace and security, environment, commerce, communication, intellectual property protection, human rights, and labor. By proposing a framework of global leadership analysis, the study seeks to provide an empirical testing of the transformation of global governance towards cooperation without hegemony paradigm. The paper analyses changes in the leadership willingness indices of selected country groups, such as the G3, G7/8, and G20, over the century and finds that the will to drive the international agenda of these groups of leaders is in decline. Moreover, our study provides evidence to argue that our current world is actually without consistent global leadership across domains of the world affairs. Although several countries still show visible leadership in specific policy domains, such as environment and intellectual property, neither the G7/8 nor the G20 was playing a comparable role to those performed by the G3 a hundred years ago.
Internet and Democratic Citizenship among the Global Mass Publics: Does Internet Use Increase Political Support for Democracy?
Authors: CHO YOUNGHO 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study analyzed public opinion data for the 45 societies from the latest World Values Survey and found that Internet use promotes democratic support in democratic countries but not in authoritarian countries. In advanced democracies, democratic ideas and thoughts are freely produced and disseminated in cyberspace, and Internet users tend to absorb them. On the other hand, this online content is highly controlled by authoritarian governments in non-democratic settings, and Internet users are likely to be exposed to pro-government messages and entertainment, thereby nullifying the democratic utility of Internet use. These different social learning processes result in a global reinforcement effect of Internet use on democratic support. The results confirm that the Internet is a neutral technology and its effect depends on the political environment where it is used.
Efficacy of corticosteroids for cancer-related fatigue: A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of advanced cancer patients
Authors: Eguchi Kenji , Honda Michitaka , Kataoka Tatusji , Mukouyama Taketo , Tsuneto Satoru , Sakamoto Junichi , Oba Koji , Saji Shigetoyo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and one of the most important issues in palliative medicine, and it has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on patient quality of life (QoL). The present pilot randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of methylprednisolone (MP) for CRF in advanced cancer patients.Method:Our study was planned as a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to an MP group, who received 32 mg/day of MP orally for 7 days, and a placebo group. The primary endpoint was an improvement in visual analog scale (VAS) score for fatigue from baseline to day 7. The secondary endpoints were improvements in appetite loss and QoL as well as evaluating the safety of corticosteroids as palliative therapy.Results:It was not possible to complete patient registration. In total, 35 patients were randomly assigned to an MP group (n = 18) and a placebo group (n = 17). The mean changes in VAS score for fatigue were –9.06 in the placebo group and –1.56 in the MP group, and for appetite loss –6.44 in the placebo group and –8.06 in the MP group. In addition, there was no evidence that methylprednisolone improved appetite loss or QoL compared to placebo. The incidence of adverse effects was not greater in the MP group.Significant of Result:We conclude that our sample size was too small to prove the efficacy of methylprednisolone in improving fatigue. Our results were reported as a pilot study performed to support a subsequent larger trial.
From Legibility to Eligibility: Politics, Subsidy and Productivity in Rural Asia
Authors: Walker Andrew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThroughout Asia, the relationship between the state and the rural sector has shifted from taxation to subsidy. The political tussles over subsistence between resistant peasants and taxing states, eloquently described by James Scott, have been replaced by a more affluent political dynamic focussed on subsidy and productivity. This article explores this transformation by means of a comparative study of Thailand and South Korea. Like many other countries, Thailand and South Korea have followed the path from taxation to subsidy but Thailand has never successfully addressed its legacy of low agricultural productivity. Contemporary South Korean agriculture, by contrast, is a result of a century-long investment in productivity improvement, in both its taxation and subsidy phases. The interaction between government policy and agricultural productivity has important political implications. Whereas South Korea has made a successful democratic transition and achieved a broad consensus on support for the agricultural sector, Thailand has failed to effectively manage the contemporary dilemmas of exchange between rural people and the state.
Drp1 inhibition attenuates neurotoxicity and dopamine release deficits in vivo
Authors: Rappold Phillip M. , Cui Mei , Grima Jonathan C. , Fan Rebecca Z. , de Mesy-Bentley Karen L. , Chen Linan , Zhuang Xiaoxi , Bowers William J. , Tieu Kim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in both familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, effective therapy targeting this pathway is currently inadequate. Recent studies suggest that manipulating the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion has considerable potential for treating human diseases. To determine the therapeutic impact of targeting these pathways on PD, we used two complementary mouse models of mitochondrial impairments as seen in PD. We show here that blocking mitochondrial fission is neuroprotective in the PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 deletion (PINK1−/−) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse models. Specifically, we show that inhibition of the mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) using gene-based and small-molecule approaches attenuates neurotoxicity and restores pre-existing striatal dopamine release deficits in these animal models. These results suggest Drp1 inhibition as a potential treatment for PD.
Unravelling the multilayer growth of the fullerene C60 in real time
Authors: Bommel S. , Kleppmann N. , Weber C. , Spranger H. , Schäfer P. , Novak J. , Roth S.V. , Schreiber F. , Klapp S.H.L. , Kowarik S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMolecular semiconductors are increasingly used in devices, but understanding of elementary nanoscopic processes in molecular film growth is in its infancy. Here we use real-time in situ specular and diffuse X-ray scattering in combination with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study C60 nucleation and multilayer growth. We determine a self-consistent set of energy parameters describing both intra- and interlayer diffusion processes in C60 growth. This approach yields an effective Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier of EES=110 meV, diffusion barrier of ED=540 meV and binding energy of EB=130 meV. Analysing the particle-resolved dynamics, we find that the lateral diffusion is similar to colloids, but characterized by an atom-like Schwoebel barrier. Our results contribute to a fundamental understanding of molecular growth processes in a system, which forms an important intermediate case between atoms and colloids.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Artesunate: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Data From Patients With Severe Malaria
Authors: Zaloumis S G , Tarning J , Krishna S , Price R N , White N J , Davis T M E , McCaw J M , Olliaro P , Maude R J , Kremsner P , Dondorp A , Gomes M , Barnes K , Simpson J A 
Published: November 2014

There are ~660,000 deaths from severe malaria each year. Intravenous artesunate (i.v. ARS) is the first‐line treatment in adults and children. To optimize the dosing regimen of i.v. ARS, the largest pooled population pharmacokinetic study to date of the active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was performed. The pooled dataset consisted of 71 adults and 195 children with severe malaria, with a mixture of sparse and rich sampling within the first 12 h after drug administration. A one‐compartment model described the population pharmacokinetics of DHA adequately. Body weight had the greatest impact on DHA pharmacokinetics, resulting in lower DHA exposure for smaller children (6–10 kg) than adults. Post hoc estimates of DHA exposure were not significantly associated with parasitological outcomes. Comparable DHA exposure in smaller children and adults after i.v. ARS was achieved under a dose modification for intramuscular ARS proposed in a separate analysis of children.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e145; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.43; published online 05 November 2014