bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcome after TNF‐α inhibitor therapy during the first trimester: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Weber‐Schoendorfer Corinna , Oppermann Marc , Wacker Evelin , Bernard Nathalie ,   on behalf of the network of French pharmacovigilance centres, Beghin Delphine , Cuppers‐Maarschalkerweerd Benedikte , Richardson Jonathan L. , Rothuizen Laura E. , Pistelli Alessandra , Malm Heli , Eleftheriou Georgios , Kennedy Debra , Kadioglu Duman Mine , Meister Reinhard , Schaefer Christof 
Published: March 2015

AimsTNF‐α inhibitors are considered relatively safe in pregnancy but experience is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of major birth defects, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth and reduced birth weight after first trimester exposure to TNF‐α inhibitors.MethodsPregnancy outcomes of women on adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol or golimumab were evaluated in a prospective observational cohort study and compared with outcomes of a non‐exposed random sample. The samples were drawn from pregnancies identified by institutes collaborating in the European Network of Teratology Information Services.ResultsIn total, 495 exposed and 1532 comparison pregnancies were contributed from nine countries. The risk of major birth defects was increased in the exposed (5.0%) compared with the non‐exposed group (1.5%; adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 2.2, 95% CI 1.0, 4.8). The risk of preterm birth was increased (17.6%; ORadj 1.69, 95% CI 1.1, 2.5), but not the risk of spontaneous abortion (16.2%; adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 1.06, 95% CI 0.7, 1.7). Birth weights adjusted for gestational age and sex were significantly lower in the exposed group compared to the non‐exposed cohort (P = 0.02). As a diseased comparison group was not possible to ascertain, the influence of disease and treatment on birth weight and preterm birth could not be differentiated.ConclusionsTNF‐α inhibitors may carry a risk of adverse pregnancy outcome of moderate clinical relevance. Considering the impact of insufficiently controlled autoimmune disease on the mother and the unborn child, TNF‐α inhibitors may nevertheless be a treatment option in women with severe disease refractory to established immunomodulatory drugs.
Voice outcomes following endolaryngeal surgery; are we achieving our aims?
Authors: Ansari S. , MacKenzie K. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo determine voice outcomes in endolaryngeal surgery.MethodsProspective assessment of patients undergoing endolaryngeal surgery in one head and neck team in North Glasgow from 2007 to 2014. Each patient completed a VoiSS (the Voice Symptom Scale) questionnaire at pre‐assessment and post‐endolaryngeal surgery. Per‐operatively, the aim of the procedure was recorded from a choice of seven options in addition to the clinical conditions and the procedure.ResultsOne thousand and sixty‐six patient episodes were recorded. Thirty‐two had incomplete data at pre‐assessment and were excluded. Of the remainder, 703 (68%) had complete paired data sets. ‘To improve voice’ (n = 169, 24%) and ‘to achieve a biopsy with no deterioration in voice’ (n = 185, 26%) categories had significant outcomes in keeping with the operative aims.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that it is possible to assess patient reported voice outcomes in universal heterogeneous endolaryngeal surgery cohort over a prolonged period. The voice outcomes were in keeping with the stated aims of the endolaryngeal surgical procedures.
Day‐case closure of ileostomy: feasible, safe and efficient
Authors: Bhalla A. , Peacock O. , Tierney G. M. , Tou S. , Hurst N. G. , Speake W. J. , Williams J. P. , Lund J. N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimOver 5000 loop ileostomy closures were performed in the UK in 2013 with a median inpatient stay of 5 days. Previously we have successfully implemented a 23‐h protocol for loop ileostomy closure which was modified for same‐day discharge. We present our early experience of day‐case loop ileostomy closure.MethodA specific patient pathway for day‐case discharge following loop ileostomy closure was implemented with inclusion criteria to conform with British Association of Day Surgery guidelines. Exclusion criteria included postoperative chemoradiotherapy, multiple comorbidities and social care needs. Follow‐up consisted of telephone contact (24 and 72 h after discharge) and a routine outpatient appointment. Patients were provided with a 24‐h contact point in case of emergency.ResultsFifteen (12 male) patients were enrolled of median age 67 (39–80) years. The median operating time was 41 (23–80) min. The indication for ileostomy formation was to cover a low anterior resection for adenocarcinoma (13), reversal of Hartmann's procedure (1) and functional bowel disorder (1). The median interval from the primary procedure to day‐case loop ileostomy closure was 8 (3–14) months. Every patient was discharged on the day of surgery. There were no complications related to the surgery and there was one readmission due to a urinary tract infection. The median length of follow‐up was 4 (2–16) months.ConclusionOur early experience shows that day‐case loop ileostomy closure is feasible, safe and efficient. This protocol will become standard within our institution for suitable patients, saving on average five inpatient bed days per patient.
Industrial Structural Change and Economic Growth in China, 1987–2008
Authors: Zhao Jingfeng , Tang Jianmin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe present paper studies the sources of economic growth and the nature of structural change in the Chinese economy from 1987 to 2008. Using a methodology that evaluates the contribution of an industry to economic growth, the present paper shows that the post‐2000 subperiod marked an increased reliance on the services sector as a source of growth in the Chinese economy. Much of the acceleration in real GDP or aggregate labor productivity growth in China in the post‐2000 subperiod compared to the pre‐2000 period can be traced to an increased contribution from service‐producing and high‐technology exporting manufacturing industries. The evidence indicates that the Chinese economy has been rebalancing toward domestic consumption and shifting its export sector toward high‐technology manufacturing industries.
Business Life Cycle and Capital Structure: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Tian Lin , Han Liang , Zhang Song 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper uses a panel data‐fixed effect approach and data collected from Chinese public manufacturing firms between 1999 and 2011 to investigate the impacts of business life cycle stages on capital structure. We find that cash flow patterns capture more information on business life cycle stages than firm age and have a stronger impact on capital structure decision‐making. We also find that the adjustment speed of capital structure varies significantly across life cycle stages and that non‐sequential transitions over life cycle stages play an important role in the determination of capital structure. Our study indicates that it is important for policy‐makers to ensure that products and financial markets are well‐balanced.
What Drives Cost Efficiency of Banks in China?
Authors: Ding Ning , Fung Hung‐Gay , Jia Jingyi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study uses stochastic frontier analysis to examine the factors that influenced cost efficiency of banks in China from 2005 to 2013. The results indicate that policy variables, such as the reserve requirement ratio, the interest rate spread and open market operations by the People's Bank of China, are effective in improving the cost efficiency of banks, but shadow banking variables may reduce cost efficiency. Among the various bank types, city commercial banks appear to be the most efficient and foreign banks are the least efficient. The present study suggests that policy‐makers can have a positive influence on bank cost efficiency by adjusting macro policy variables on different types of banks and by requiring more information on the shadow banking activities to improve monitoring.
S3 guidelines for the management of anticoagulation in cutaneous surgery
Authors: Sporbeck Birte , Bechara Falk Georges , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Koenen Wolfgang , Kolk Andreas , Koscielny Jürgen , Meissner Markus , Pokrywka Anna , Schirmer Steffen , Strömer Klaus , Löser Christoph , Nast Alexander 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundAn increasing number of patients are being treated with anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors. Whenever surgical procedures of the skin are required, questions arise regarding the perioperative management of anticoagulation.MethodsDevelopment of S3 guidelines following the requirements of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies, systematic literature search and analysis, use of GRADE methodology, structured consensus conference using a nominal group process.ResultsDuring cutaneous surgery, treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) should be continued if medically necessary. In procedures with a higher risk of bleeding and a positive bleeding history, INR should be determined preoperatively. Surgical procedures of the skin with a higher risk of bleeding should not be performed if the INR is above therapeutic range. Bridging from vitamin K antagonists (VKA) to heparin should not be performed just because of the surgery of the skin. As to direct‐acting oral anticoagulants, the last dose should be taken 24 h preoperatively.ConclusionsThe recommendations issued by the German guidelines group are mostly in line with recommendations provided by other guidelines. The American ìChest‐Guidelineì recommends continuing VKAs and acetylsalicylic acid during minor dermatologic procedures. In their guidelines, the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians considers an INR of 2 to be adequate in surgical procedures on the skin.
Elektrochemotherapie bei fortgeschrittenen Hauttumoren und Hautmetastasen – eine retrospektive multizentrische Auswertung
Authors: Kreuter Alexander , van Eijk Tina , Lehmann Percy , Fischer Matthias , Horn Thomas , Assaf Chalid , Schley Gaston , Herbst Rudolf , Kellner Ivonne , Weisbrich Christiane , Hyun Julia , Wieland Ulrike , Schlaak Max , Rübben Albert , Lommel Kerstin 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrundNach Ausschöpfung von klassischen Behandlungsverfahren wie Chemo‐ und Strahlentherapie existieren bei ausgedehnten Hauttumoren oder Hautmetastasen nur wenige Optionen einer lokalen Tumorkontrolle. In diesen Fällen kann die Elektrochemotherapie als Therapiealternative in Erwägung gezogen werden.Patienten und MethodikIm Rahmen einer retrospektiven Studie wurden klinische Charakteristika, Ansprechen und Bedingungen des Ansprechens sowie Nebenwirkungen von 56 Patienten untersucht, die an sechs deutschen Hautkliniken behandelt wurden.ErgebnisseDas mittlere Alter des Kollektivs (14 Männer, 42 Frauen) lag bei 69,3 Jahren. Insgesamt wurden 20 Patienten mit Hautmetastasen bei fortgeschrittenem malignen Melanom, 13 Patienten mit Hautmetastasen bei Mammakarzinom, 15 Patienten mit primären Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut oder kutan metastasierten Karzinomen unterschiedlicher Genese sowie 8 Patienten mit primär kutanen Lymphomen oder Sarkomen eingeschlossen. Die Therapie‐Ansprechrate lag im Kollektiv bei 44,6 % (10,7 % komplette Abheilung; 33,9 % partielles Ansprechen). Demgegenüber zeigte sich bei 31 (55,4 %) Patienten kein Ansprechen (12,5 % unveränderter klinischer Befund, 42,9 % Tumorprogredienz). Melanome und kutane Lymphome oder Sarkome sprachen signifikant besser an als Karzinome. In etwa einem Viertel der Patienten kam es zu einer Besserung von tumorbedingter Exsudation, Foetor oder chronischer Blutung.SchlussfolgerungenDie Elektrochemotherapie ist eine nebenwirkungsarme Therapieoption, die bei fortgeschrittenen, vortherapierten Tumorerkrankungen in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle erfolgreich war. Das Therapieansprechen scheint auch von der Tumorentität abzuhängen.
Therapie des Pyoderma gangraenosum in Deutschland: Resultate einer Befragung von Experten
Authors: Ghazal Philipp Al , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrundFür das Pyoderma gangraenosum (PG) fehlen bislang Therapieleitlinien.Material und MethodikFür die systematische Erfassung der aktuell praktizierten Therapieoptionen des PG wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt und an Experten aus dem Fachbereich der Dermatologie in Deutschland verschickt.ErgebnisseInsgesamt haben wir 50 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen zurückerhalten. Von den Experten wird die Diagnose PG durchschnittlich bei 15 Patienten/Jahr gestellt. Von diesen Patienten erhalten 11,1 % ausschließlich eine topische Therapie, 22,7 % ausschließlich eine systemische Therapie und 66,2 % sowohl eine topische als auch eine systemische immunmodulierende Therapie. Topisch werden am häufigsten Glukokortikoide der Klasse III von 78 % und Klasse IV von 88 % der Experten angewendet. Alle Experten (100 %) gaben an systemische Glukokortikoide in der Therapie der Patienten mit PG oft zu verwenden. Ciclosporin wird bei 74 %, TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren in 24 % und Azathioprin sowie Mycophenolatmofetil bei jeweils 20 % der Patienten angewendet. Systemische Therapeutika wie Dapson (16 %), intravenöse Immunglobuline (14 %), Methotrexat (6 %), Cyclophosphamid (4 %), Tacrolimus (4 %), Rituximab (2 %) werden hingegen deutlich seltener eingesetzt.SchlussfolgerungenWeltweit existiert bislang kein einheitlich akzeptierter Standard für die Therapie der Patienten mit PG. Die derzeit genutzten Behandlungsschemata, die auf der klinischen Erfahrung von Experten basieren, wurden nun in unserer Expertenbefragung erstmalig für Deutschland erfasst, ausgewertet und gewichtet dargestellt.
Neue dermatologische Systemtherapien bei Kinderwunsch, Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Authors: Grunewald Sonja , Jank Alexander 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungMit Einführung zahlreicher neuer, überwiegend biologischer Systemtherapien in der Dermatologie stellt sich im klinischen Alltag regelmäßig die Frage, inwieweit eine Anwendung bei Kinderwunsch oder in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit möglich ist und welche Risiken ggf. damit verbunden sind. Seriöse Informationen liefern neben Fachinformation und Roter Liste Datenbanken wie die des Pharmakovigilanz‐ und Beratungszentrums für Embryonaltoxikologie der Charité Berlin (https://www.embryotox.de) oder eine Literaturrecherche (z. B. über http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed).Den aktuellen Wissensstand aus o. g. Quellen zum Einsatz bei Kinderwunsch oder in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit fasst dieser Artikel für Biologika bei Psoriasis (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Etanercept, Ustekinumab), für die neuen Systemtherapien des metastasierten Melanoms (Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, Imatinib, Ipilimumab), des inoperablen bzw. metastasierten Basalzellkarzinoms (Vismodegib) und kutaner Lymphome (Rituximab) sowie für weitere Präparate aus dem Bereich Allergologie (Omalizumab, Anakinra) zusammen.
Wnt‐Signalwege bei kutaner Homöostase und Pathologie
Authors: Augustin Iris 
Published: March 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Säugerhaut stellt die primäre Grenzfläche zwischen Körper und externer Umwelt dar und ist zugleich die erste Abwehrlinie gegen Pathogene, mechanische Traumata, Schädigungen durch Sonnenlicht und chemische Belastungen. Um die Barrierefunktion aufrechtzuerhalten, ist ein einwandfreier physischer, biochemischer und immunologischer Zustand der Haut nötig. Die Haut ist also ein komplexes, dynamisches Organ mit hohem zellulärem Turnover während der normalen Gewebeerneuerung und Wundheilung. Stammzellreservoirs garantieren die konstante Erneuerung der Haut.Der Wnt‐Signalweg kontrolliert den Stammzellenerhalt sowie Entscheidungen bezüglich des Zellschicksals in verschiedenen Geweben und spiegelt einen zentralen Pfad in der Kontrolle von Hautentwicklung und Homöostase wieder. Die Unterbrechung des Wnt‐Signalweges in der Haut verursacht Erkrankungen wie Alopezie, chronisch inflammatorische Hauterkrankungen oder Krebs. Dieser Bericht fasst Funktionen des Wnt‐Signalweges während der Hauterneuerung, Homöostase und bei Erkrankung zusammen.
Biosimilars: a systematic review of published and ongoing clinical trials of antipsoriatics in chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Nast Alexander , Rosumeck Stefanie , Seidenschnur Karin 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBiosimilars for psoriasis treatment are currently being developed. Comparison of their efficacy and safety is a challenge. For approval, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) considers indirect evidence from other indications (for example, rheumatoid arthritis) as sufficient.Systematic review of biosimilars for psoriasis and other indications, review of ongoing trials in trial registers.Systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on biosimilars to adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, and ustekinumab compared to their reference medication: (1) Publications in Medline, Medline In‐Process, Embase, Cochrane Library (efficacy, safety, immunogenicity) and (2) ongoing studies in clinical trial registers.No trials on biosimilars in psoriasis patients were identified. As to the infliximab biosimilar, there is data on patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis, indicating no clinically relevant differences regarding efficacy and safety. Currently, there are two registered studies of an adalimumab biosimilar and one study of an etanercept biosimilar in psoriasis patients. Further ongoing studies on biosimilars to adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab – all in rheumatoid arthritis patients – were identified.There is currently only limited data regarding RCTs with biosimilars. Provision of further clinical data and inclusion of patients in patient registers will be crucial.
Feeding–swallowing difficulties in children later diagnosed with language impairment
Authors: Malas Kathy , Trudeau Natacha , Chagnon Miguel , McFarland David H 
Published: March 2015

AimThe aim of this retrospective study was to assess the relationship between feeding–swallowing difficulties (FSDs) and later language impairments in children.MethodRetrospective analyses were carried out using the clinical files of 82 children with language impairments from a large urban rehabilitation center. Two subgroups of these children were established: children with motor impairments, referred to as the language impairment with motor impairment (‘LI+MI’) subgroup (n=23, mean age 4y 6mo, SD 8.7mo), and children without motor impairments, referred to as the language impairment without motor impairment (‘LI–MI’) subgroup (n=59, mean age 5y, SD 8mo). The prevalence of food selectivity, difficulties in sucking, salivary control issues, and food transition difficulties was extracted. Data were compared with a general population estimate of FSDs.ResultsFSDs were documented in 62% of the clinical files; 87% of these files were from the LI+MI subgroup and 53% were from the LI–MI subgroup. Among each subgroup of children with language impairments, the prevalence of FSDs was significantly higher than the general population estimate of 20% (LI+MI:χ2=55.965, df=1, p<0.001; LI–MI: χ2 =32.807, df=1, p<0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of FSDs was significantly higher in children with language impairments and motor impairments than in those with language impairments but without motor impairments (χ2=6.936, df=1, p<0.01). Both food transition difficulties (χ2=14.99, df=1, p<0.001) and salivary control issues (χ2=5.02, df=1, p=0.02) were more frequent in the LI+MI subgroup than in the LI–MI subgroup. Combinations of two or more FSDs were also more frequent in the LI+MI subgroup than in the LI–MI subgroup (χ2=4.19, df=1, p=0.04).InterpretationsThese findings suggest that early FSDs may be used as a potential marker for language impairment. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this.
Shank1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampal parvalbumin‐expressing inhibitory interneurons
Authors: Mao Wenjie , Watanabe Takuya , Cho Sukhee , Frost Jeffrey L. , Truong Tina , Zhao Xiaohu , Futai Kensuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Shank genes (SHANK1, 2, 3) encode scaffold proteins highly enriched in postsynaptic densities where they regulate synaptic structure in spiny neurons. Mutations in human Shank genes are linked to autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Shank1 mutant mice exhibit intriguing cognitive phenotypes reminiscent of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the human pathophysiological phenotypes and mouse behaviors have not been elucidated. In this study it is shown that Shank1 protein is highly localized in parvalbumin‐expressing (PV+) fast‐spiking inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus. Importantly, a lack of Shank1 in hippocampal CA1 PV+ neurons reduced excitatory synaptic inputs and inhibitory synaptic outputs to pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in Shank1 mutant mice exhibit a shift in the excitatory and inhibitory balance (E–I balance), a pathophysiological hallmark of autism spectrum disorder. The mutant mice also exhibit lower expression of gephyrin (a scaffold component of inhibitory synapses), supporting the dysregulation of E–I balance in the hippocampus. These results suggest that Shank1 scaffold in PV+ interneurons regulates excitatory synaptic strength and participates in the maintenance of E–I balance in excitatory neurons.
Pathway analysis of genome‐wide association datasets of personality traits
Authors: Kim H.‐N. , Kim B.‐H. , Cho J. , Ryu S. , Shin H. , Sung J. , Shin C. , Cho N. H. , Sung Y. A. , Choi B.‐O. , Kim H.‐L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough several genome‐wide association (GWA) studies of human personality have been recently published, genetic variants that are highly associated with certain personality traits remain unknown, due to difficulty reproducing results. To further investigate these genetic variants, we assessed biological pathways using GWA datasets. Pathway analysis using GWA data was performed on 1089 Korean women whose personality traits were measured with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for the 5‐factor model of personality. A total of 1042 pathways containing 8297 genes were included in our study. Of these, 14 pathways were highly enriched with association signals that were validated in 1490 independent samples. These pathways include association of: Neuroticism with axon guidance [L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) interactions]; Extraversion with neuronal system and voltage‐gated potassium channels; Agreeableness with L1CAM interaction, neurotransmitter receptor binding and downstream transmission in postsynaptic cells; and Conscientiousness with the interferon‐gamma and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta polypeptide pathways. Several genes that contribute to top‐ranked pathways in this study were previously identified in GWA studies or by pathway analysis in schizophrenia or other neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we report the first pathway analysis of all five personality traits. Importantly, our analysis identified novel pathways that contribute to understanding the etiology of personality traits.