bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Specific Occurrence of HPV16- and HPV18-Related Cervical Cancer
Authors: de Sanjose Silvia , Wheeler Cosette M. , Quint Wim G.V. , Hunt William C. , Joste Nancy E. , Alemany Laia , Xavier Bosch F. , Myers Evan R. , Castle Philip E. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The age-specific occurrence of cervical cancer related to human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes HPV16 and HPV18, the two targeted by current HPV vaccines, is not well described. We therefore used data from two large, tissue-based HPV genotyping studies of cervical cancer, one conducted in New Mexico (n = 744) and an International study restricted to cancers (n = 1,729) from Europe, North America, and Australia to represent those regions with widely available cervical cancer screening facilities. HPV results were categorized as HPV16- or HPV18-positive (HPV16/18) versus other HPV genotype. We observed a decreasing proportion of HPV16/18-positive cancers with increasing age in the International study (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and New Mexico study (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). There was no heterogeneity in the relationship between age of diagnosis and the proportion of HPV16/18-positive cancers between studies (P = 0.8). Combining results from the two studies (n = 2,473), the percentages of HPV16/18-positive cases were 77.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.1%–78.9%] for women less than 65 years old and 62.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 58.4%–66.9%] for women aged 65 and older (P &lt; 0.001). In women who are under the age of 25 and have been vaccinated before becoming sexually active, the cervical cancer incidence is expected to be approximately 3.5 per million by 2020. HPV vaccination against HPV16/18 may have a greater impact on cervical cancers in women under 65 than in women aged 65 and older. These data will inform the age-specific impact of HPV vaccination and its integration with cervical cancer screening activities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1313–8. ©2013 AACR.
Natural History of Colorectal Adenomas: Birth Cohort Analysis Among 3.6 Million Participants of Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Altenhofen Lutz , Stock Christian , Hoffmeister Michael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background: Most colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from adenomas. Knowledge of the natural history of colorectal adenomas, which is not directly observable for ethical reasons, is crucial for designing cost-effective CRC screening strategies.
Methods: We derived transition rates from carriage of nonadvanced adenoma to carriage of advanced adenoma to carriage of CRC by sex and age in birth cohort analyses among 3,593,420 participants in the German screening colonoscopy program in 2003–2010.
Results: Transition rates from advanced adenoma to CRC carriage were similar in men and women, but monotonically and significantly increased with age. Estimated annual transition percentages [(95% confidence interval (CI)] in age groups 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, and 75–79 years were 2.6 (2.4–2.9), 3.1 (2.8–3.3), 3.8 (3.5–4.1), 5.1 (4.8–5.5), and 5.2 (4.6–5.8) among men, and 2.5 (2.2–2.7), 2.7 (2.4–3.0), 3.8 (3.5–4.1), 5.0 (4.5–5.4), and 5.6 (4.9–6.3) among women. Estimated annual transitions from carriage of nonadvanced to carriage of advanced adenoma were in a narrow range from 3.6% to 4.7% for all age and sex groups.
Conclusions: Despite low annual transition rates, cumulative transition rates from advanced adenoma to CRC carriage are expected to exceed by 60%, 50%, and 40% for age intervals 55–80, 65–80, and 70–80 years, respectively, in both sexes. Cumulative transition rates from nonadvanced adenoma to CRC carriage are expected to be close to 30% for age interval 55–80 years, but less than 2% for age interval 75–80 years.
Impact: Our results enhance the empirical basis for modeling CRC screening strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(6); 1043–51. ©2013 AACR.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promotes Pericyte Coverage of Brain Capillaries, Improves Cerebral Blood Flow During Subsequent Focal Cerebral Ischemia, and Preserves the Metabolic Penumbra
Authors: Zechariah Anil , ElAli Ayman , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Jin Fengyan , Hasan Mohammad R. , Helfrich Iris , Mies Günter , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at improving cerebral blood flow by amplification of vascular sprouting, thus promoting tissue survival under conditions of subsequent ischemia. It remains unknown whether induced angiogenesis leads to the formation of functional vessels that indeed result in hemodynamic improvements. Observations of hemodynamic steal phenomena and disturbed neurovascular integrity after vascular endothelial growth factor delivery questioned the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis.

Methods—
Mice were treated with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (0.02 μg/d; intracerebroventricular) for 3 to 21 days and subsequently exposed to 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Angiogenesis, histological brain injury, IgG extravasation, cerebral blood flow, protein synthesis and energy state, and pericyte coverage on brain capillaries were evaluated in a multiparametric approach combining histochemical, autoradiographic, and regional bioluminescence techniques.

Results—
Vascular endothelial growth factor increased brain capillary density within 10 days and reduced infarct volume and inflammation after subsequent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and, when delivered for prolonged periods of 21 days, enhanced postischemic blood–brain barrier integrity. Increased cerebral blood flow was noted in ischemic brain areas exhibiting enhanced angiogenesis and was associated with preservation of the metabolic penumbra, defined as brain tissue in which protein synthesis has been suppressed but ATP preserved. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhanced pericyte coverage of brain endothelial cells via mechanisms involving increased N-cadherin expression on cerebral microvessels.

Conclusions—
That cerebral blood flow is increased during subsequent ischemic episodes, leading to the stabilization of cerebral energy state, fosters hope that by promoting new vessel formation brain tissue survival may be improved.
Risk of Stroke From New Carotid Artery Occlusion in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1
Authors: den Hartog Anne G. , Halliday Alison W. , Hayter Elizabeth , Pan Hongchao , Kong Xing , Moll Frans L. , de Borst Gert Jan 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
In the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1 (ACST-1), 3120 patients with tight asymptomatic carotid stenosis were randomly assigned to medical treatment alone or to carotid endarterectomy and appropriate medication. Successful carotid endarterectomy significantly reduced 10-year stroke risk in younger patients. This study was undertaken to determine the risk of new occlusion and stroke during trial follow-up.

Methods—
Patients with contralateral occlusion at trial entry (n=276) or incomplete duplex follow-up (n=137) were excluded. Risk of occlusion and stroke in patients with occlusion was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine risk factors for developing new occlusion and stroke.

Results—

Median follow-up in 2707 patients was 80.0 months (interquartile range, 52.0–115.0). New occlusions occurred in 197 patients (1.1% per annum) but were more likely to occur in arteries with tight stenosis and in unoperated patients. Overall risk of stroke was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6–8.7) and 15.5% (95% CI, 13.6–17.4) at 5 and 10 years, respectively; for patients with new occlusion, this significantly increased to 17.0% (95% CI, 11.6–22.4) and 20.8% (95% CI, 14.1–26.2), respectively (
P
<0.001). Stroke was significantly more likely to occur in patients developing occlusion (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.26–2.51) irrespective of allocated treatment.

Conclusions—
New occlusions were uncommon after carotid endarterectomy in ACST-1. During long-term follow-up, occlusion and stroke were commoner among patients with ≥70% stenosis, most of whom had not undergone carotid endarterectomy. Occlusion was an independent prognostic risk factor for occurrence of stroke.
Comparison of Risk-scoring Systems in Predicting Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Sung Sheng-Feng , Chen Solomon Chih-Cheng , Lin Huey-Juan , Chen Yu-Wei , Tseng Mei-Chiun , Chen Chih-Hung 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
Various risk score models have been developed to predict symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to determine the prediction performance of these risk scores in a Taiwanese population

Methods—

Prospectively collected data from 4 hospitals were used to calculate probability of SICH with the scores developed by Cucchiara et al, the Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis (HAT) score, the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score, the Glucose Race Age Sex Pressure Stroke Severity score, and the Stroke Prognostication using Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale-100 index. We used logistic regression to evaluate the effectiveness of each risk model in predicting SICH and the
c
statistic to assess performance.

Results—

A total of 548 patients were included. The rates of SICH were 7.3% by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke definition, 5.3% by the European-Australasian Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II definition, and 3.5% by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study definition. The Cucchiara score, the HAT score, and the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score were significant predictors of SICH for all 3 definitions, whereas the Glucose Race Age Sex Pressure Stroke Severity score and the Stroke Prognostication using Age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale-100 index predicted well only for 1 or 2 definitions of SICH. The
c
statistic was highest for the HAT score (range, 0.69–0.73) across the definitions of SICH.

Conclusions—
The Cucchiara score, the HAT score, and the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-SICH risk score predicted SICH reasonably well regardless of which SICH definition was used. However, only the HAT score had an acceptable discriminatory ability.
External Validation of the SEDAN Score for Prediction of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Stroke Thrombolysis
Authors: Mazya Michael V. , Bovi Paolo , Castillo José , Jatuzis Dalius , Kobayashi Adam , Wahlgren Nils , Ahmed Niaz 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
The SEDAN score is a prediction rule for assessment of the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) per the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) II definition in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We assessed the performance of the score in predicting SICH per the ECASS II and Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) definitions in the SITS–International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR).

Methods—
We calculated the SEDAN score in 34 251 patients with complete data, enrolled into the SITS-ISTR. The risk for SICH by both definitions was calculated per score category. Odds ratios for SICH per point increase of the score were obtained using logistic regression. The predictive performance was assessed using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC).

Results—

The predictive capability for SICH per ECASS II was moderate at AUC-ROC=0.66. With rising scores, there was a moderate increase in risk for SICH per ECASS II (odds ratio, 1.65 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–1.72;
P
<0.001), with SICH rates between 1.6% for 0 points and 16.9% for ≥5 points, average 5.1%. The predictive capability for SICH per SITS–MOST was weaker, AUC-ROC=0.60, with lower increase per score point (odds ratio, 1.36 per point; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.46;
P
<0.001), and SICH rates between 0.8% for 0 points and 5.4% for ≥5 points, average 1.8%.

Conclusions—
In this very large data set, the predictive and discriminatory performances of the SEDAN score were only moderate for SICH per ECASS II and low for SICH per SITS–Monitoring Study.
Comparison of Short-term Outcomes of Thrombolysis for In-Hospital Stroke and Out-of-Hospital Stroke in United States
Authors: Moradiya Yogesh , Levine Steven R. 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
In-hospital stroke (IHS) differs from out-of-hospital stroke (OHS) in risk factors and outcomes. We compared IHS and OHS treated with thrombolysis from a large national cohort in a cross-sectional study to further clarify these differences.

Methods—
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2005–2010 was searched for adult acute ischemic stroke cases treated with intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis. Patients treated on the day of admission were classified as OHS. We compared the demographic and hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and short-term outcomes of thrombolysed IHS and OHS.

Results—

IHS included 8.7% of 11 750 thrombolysed stroke cases in this study. IHS was associated with a higher comorbidity profile and higher rates of acute medical conditions compared with OHS. IHS had higher inpatient mortality (15.7% versus 9.6%;
P
<0.001) and lower rate of discharge to home/self-care (22.8% versus 30.0%;
P
<0.001). IHS was also associated with higher mortality among endovascular treatment group (19.3% versus 13.8%;
P
=0.010). The difference in the rate of all intracerebral hemorrhage was not significant (5.3% versus 4.7%;
P
=0.361). In the multivariate analysis, inpatient mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.92;
P
<0.001) and favorable discharge outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.93;
P
=0.005) remained significantly worse in IHS.

Conclusions—
Thrombolysed IHS is associated with worse discharge outcomes compared with thrombolysed OHS, likely because of their higher comorbidities and additional medical reasons for the index admission. Thrombolysis is not associated with a higher rate of intracerebral hemorrhage among IHS.
Differences and Similarities Between Spontaneous Dissections of the Internal Carotid Artery and the Vertebral Artery
Authors: von Babo Michelle , De Marchis Gian Marco , Sarikaya Hakan , Stapf Christian , Buffon Fréderique , Fischer Urs , Heldner Mirjam R. , Gralla Jan , Jung Simon , Simonetti Barbara Goeggel , Mattle Heinrich P. , Baumgartner Ralf W. , Bousser Marie-Germaine , Arnold Marcel 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
To compare potential risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic delay, and 3-month outcome between spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD).

Methods—
We compared patients with sICAD (n=668) and sVAD (n=302) treated in 3 university hospitals.

Results—

Patients with sICAD were older (46.3±9.6 versus 42.0±10.2 years;
P
<0.001), more often men (62.7% versus 53.0%;
P
=0.004), and presented more frequently with tinnitus (10.9% versus 3.4%;
P
<0.001) and more severe ischemic strokes (median National Institute
s
of Health Stroke Scale, 10±7.1 versus 5±5.9;
P
<0.001). Patients with sVAD had more often bilateral dissections (15.2% versus 7.6%;
P
<0.001) and were more often smokers (36.0% versus 28.7%;
P
=0.007). Thunderclap headache (9.2% versus 3.6%;
P
=0.001) and neck pain were more common (65.8% versus 33.5%;
P
<0.001) in sVAD. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.0% versus 0.6%;
P
<0.001) and ischemic stroke (69.5% versus 52.2%;
P
<0.001) were more frequent in sVAD. After multivariate analysis, sex difference lost its significance (
P
=0.21), and all other variables remained significant. Time to diagnosis was similar in sICAD and sVAD and improved between 2001 and 2012 compared with the previous 10-year period (8.0±10.5 days versus 10.7±13.2 days;
P
=0.004). In sVAD, favorable outcome 3 months after ischemic stroke (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2: 88.8% versus 58.4%;
P
<0.001), recurrent transient ischemic attack (4.8% versus 1.1%;
P
=0.001), and recurrent ischemic stroke (2.8% versus 0.7%;
P
=0.02) within 3 months were more frequent.

Conclusions—
sICAD and sVAD patients differ in many aspects. Future studies should perform separate analyses of these 2 entities.
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Bhave Prashant D. , Navi Babak B. , Okin Peter M. , Iadecola Costantino , Devereux Richard B. , Fink Matthew E. 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
It is unknown whether supraventricular arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation or flutter are associated with stroke.

Methods—

To examine the association between paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and stroke, we performed a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data from all emergency department encounters and hospitalizations at California’s nonfederal acute care hospitals in 2009. Our cohort comprised all adult patients with ≥1 emergency department visit or hospitalization from which they were discharged alive and without a diagnosis of stroke. Our primary exposure was a diagnosis of PSVT recorded at an encounter before stroke or documented as present-on-admission at the time of stroke. To reduce confounding, we excluded patients with diagnoses of atrial fibrillation. We defined PSVT, stroke, and atrial fibrillation using
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
,
Clinical Modification
codes previously validated by detailed chart review.

Results—
Of 4 806 830 eligible patients, 14 121 (0.29%) were diagnosed with PSVT and 14 402 (0.30%) experienced a stroke. The cumulative rate of stroke after PSVT diagnosis (0.94%; 95% confidence interval, 0.76%–1.16%) significantly exceeded the rate among patients without a diagnosis of PSVT (0.21%; 95% confidence interval, 0.21%–0.22%). In Cox proportional hazards analysis controlling for demographic characteristics and potential confounders, PSVT was independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent stroke (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.69–2.62).

Conclusions—
In a large and demographically diverse sample of patients, we found an independent association between PSVT and ischemic stroke. PSVT seems to be a novel risk factor that may account for some proportion of strokes that are currently classified as cryptogenic.
Art promoting mental health literacy and a positive attitude towards people with experience of mental illness
Authors: Koh Eugen , Shrimpton Bradley 
Published: May 2013

Background: Exhibitions of art by people with experience of mental illness are increasingly being staged to improve awareness of mental health issues in the general community and to counter the stigma of mental illness. However, few exhibitions have incorporated research to ascertain their actual effectiveness. Method: This paper reports the results of a study that considered the responses of 10,000 people after they viewed exhibitions of art produced by people with experience of mental illness. These works were selected from the Cunningham Dax Collection, one of the world’s most extensive collection of artworks by people with experience of mental illness and/or psychological trauma. Results: More than 90% of respondents agreed with three propositions that the exhibitions helped them: (1) gain a better understanding of mental illness; (2) gain a more sympathetic understanding of the suffering of people with mental illness; and (3) appreciate the ability and creativity of people with mental illness. Conclusion: The results suggest that exhibitions can successfully promote mental health literacy and contribute to positive attitudes towards people with experience of mental illness. This paper explores these findings and raises questions about how the presentation of artworks in an exhibition influences their effectiveness in mental health promotion.
Mutual Agreement Between Providers in Intensive Care Medicine on Patient Care After Interdisciplinary Rounds
Authors: Have Elsbeth Cornelia Maria Ten , Nap Raoul Ernesto 
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Insights regarding the results of interdisciplinary communication about patient care are limited. We explored the perceptions of intensivists, junior physicians, and nurses about patient care directly after the interdisciplinary rounds (IDRs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) to determine mutual agreement. Methods: A single-center survey study adapted from Pronovost “daily goal sheet” was performed in the ICUs for adults at a university medical center. Participants were intensivists, junior physicians, and ICU nurses. This survey, consisting of 14 items, was obtained directly after IDRs. Descriptive statistics of 90 observations of 30 discussed patient plans were computed. The internal consistency of the survey was measured by Cronbach α. Results: Differences between the hypothesized agreement of 90% and the saturated agreement revealed significant differences in 12 of the 14 items between the 3 groups of ICU care providers. Results of the differing agreement between intensivist and junior physicians or ICU nurses and between ICU nurses and junior physicians revealed that intensivists tend to agree more with ICU nurses than they do with the junior physicians. Internal consistency showed α = .74. Conclusions: The recommendation of IDRs without mutual agreement in important aspects of patient care hampers safety in daily practice. This study demonstrates that a survey to determine this agreement between the intensivists, junior physicians, and ICU nurses has low agreement, as measured directly after the IDRs.
Impact of Nurse Integrated Rounds on Self-Reported Comprehension, Attitudes, and Practices of Nurses and Resident Physicians in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kalyanaraman Meena , McQueen Derrick , Sykes Joseph A. , Mikkilineni Sushmita , Aizley Cheryle , Kelly Mary Jean , Wiggins Maryellen 
Published: May 2013

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of nurse integrated rounds (NIRs) on self-reported comprehension, attitudes, and practices of nurses and resident physicians (RPs) in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Materials and methods: A self-reported comprehension, attitude, and practice survey of RPs and nurses was done prior to (T0), 3 months (T3), and 15 months (T15) after initiation of NIRs in our PICU. Responses were graded on Likert-type scale from 1 to 5. The RPs, attending physicians, and nurses also ranked their overall perception of NIRs during these 3 survey time periods. Results: All 3 components of the surveys showed statistically significant improvement ( P < .05) from the T0 to T3 and T15 in RPs and nurses. A complete or almost complete reversal of attitude was noted for most questions in the attitude section in both RPs and nurses when T15 was compared to T0. The overall perception that NIRs was good for patient care also showed significant improvement in the survey of nurses and physicians. Conclusions: The NIRs are well accepted by nurses and physicians and are accompanied by self-reported improvements in comprehension, attitudes, and practices of nurses and RPs in the PICU.