bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature and drought manipulations on seedlings of Scots pine provenances
Authors: Taeger S. , Sparks T. H. , Menzel A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRising temperatures and more frequent and severe climatic extremes as a consequence of climate change are expected to affect growth and distribution of tree species that are adapted to current local conditions. Species distribution models predict a considerable loss of habitats for Pinus sylvestris. These models do not consider possible intraspecific differences in response to drought and warming that could buffer those impacts. We tested 10 European provenances of P. sylvestris, from the southwestern to the central European part of the species distribution, for their response to warming and to drought using a factorial design. In this common‐garden experiment the air surrounding plants was heated directly to prevent excessive soil heating, and drought manipulation, using a rain‐out shelter, permitted almost natural radiation, including high light stress. Plant responses were assessed as changes in phenology, growth increment and biomass allocation. Seedlings of P. sylvestris revealed a plastic response to drought by increased taproot length and root–shoot ratios. Strongest phenotypic plasticity of root growth was found for southwestern provenances, indicating a specific drought adaptation at the cost of overall low growth of aboveground structures even under non‐drought conditions. Warming had a minor effect on growth but advanced phenological development and had a contrasting effect on bud biomass and diameter increment, depending on water availability. The intraspecific variation of P. sylvestris provenances could buffer climate change impacts, although additional factors such as the adaptation to other climatic extremes have to be considered before assisted migration could become a management option.
A multifaceted investigation of the link between mental fatigue and task disengagement
Authors: Hopstaken Jesper F. , van der Linden Dimitri , Bakker Arnold B. , Kompier Michiel A. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMental fatigue is often characterized by reduced motivation for effortful activity and impaired task performance. We used subjective, behavioral (performance), and psychophysiological (P3, pupil diameter) measures during an n‐back task to investigate the link between mental fatigue and task disengagement. After 2 h, we manipulated the rewards to examine a possible reengagement effect. Analyses showed that, with increasing fatigue and time‐on‐task, performance, P3 amplitude, and pupil diameter decreased. After increasing the rewards, all measures reverted to higher levels. Multilevel analysis revealed positive correlations between the used measures with time‐on‐task. We interpret these results as support for a strong link between task disengagement and mental fatigue.
Buddhist Manuscript Cultures in Premodern Japan
Authors: Lowe Bryan D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent discoveries and scholarship on Japanese Buddhist manuscripts have illuminated new areas of research and raised previously unexplored questions in Buddhist studies and East Asian religions. This article introduces some of the recent finds and approaches to these materials. It focuses on three sets of sources: scriptorium documents from an imperial treasure house known as the Shōsōin, canonical manuscripts (issaikyō) based on texts translated or composed in China, and sacred works (shōgyō) produced and collected by Japanese monks for use in temple life. In addition to surveying these sources and the most influential secondary literature on them, this article proposes methodological alternatives to philological studies by focusing on what I call ritual, curricular, social, and material approaches.
Light modulated activity of root alkaline/neutral invertase involves the interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins
Authors: Gao Jing , van Kleeff Paula J. M. , Oecking Claudia , Li Ka Wan , Erban Alexander , Kopka Joachim , Hincha Dirk K. , de Boer Albertus H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAlkaline/neutral invertases (A/N‐Invs) are now recognized as essential proteins in plant life. They catalyze the irreversible breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose and thus supply the cells with energy as well as signaling molecules. In this study we report on a mechanism that affects the activity of the cytosolic invertase AtCINV1 (At‐A/N‐InvG or AT1G35580). We demonstrate that Ser547 at the extreme C‐terminus of the AtCINV1 protein is a substrate of calcium‐dependent kinases (CPK3 and 21) and that phosphorylation creates a high‐affinity binding site for 14‐3‐3 proteins. The invertase as such has basal activity, but we provide evidence that interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins enhances its activity. The analysis of three quadruple 14‐3‐3 mutants generated from six T‐DNA insertion mutants of the non‐epsilon family shows both specificity as well as redundancy for this function of 14‐3‐3 proteins. The strong reduction in hexose levels in the roots of one 14‐3‐3 quadruple mutant plant is in line with the activating function of 14‐3‐3 proteins. The physiological relevance of this mechanism that affects A/N‐invertase activity is underscored by the light‐induced activation and is another example of the central role of 14‐3‐3 proteins in mediating dark/light signaling. The nature of the light‐induced signal that travels from the shoot to root and the question whether this signal is transmitted via cytosolic Ca++ changes that activate calcium‐dependent kinases, await further study.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast
Pseudozyma antarctica
Type Strain JCM10317, a Producer of the Glycolipid Biosurfactants, Mannosylerythritol Lipids
Authors: Saika Azusa , Koike Hideaki , Hori Tomoyuki , Fukuoka Tokuma , Sato Shun , Habe Hiroshi , Kitamoto Dai , Morita Tomotake 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The basidiomycetous yeast
Pseudozyma antarctica
is known as a producer of industrial enzymes and the extracellular glycolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain JCM10317. The draft genome assembly has a size of 18.1 Mb and a G+C content of 60.9%, and it consists of 197 scaffolds.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Nine
Francisella
Isolates
Authors: Davenport K. W. , Daligault H. E. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Broomall S. M. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Gibbons H. S. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Rosenzweig C. N. , Scholz M. B. , Teshima H. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Primarily a zoonotic disease,
Francisella tularensis
is a fastidious intracellular pathogen and is listed as a CDC category A pathogen with notably high pathogenicity. Here we present the scaffolded genome assemblies of nine
Francisella
strains: eight
F. tularensis
and one
F. philomiragia
.
Therapist-guided, Internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD-NET): a feasibility study
Authors: Enander Jesper , Ivanov Volen Z , Andersson Erik , Mataix-Cols David , Ljótsson Brjánn , Rück Christian 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). However, most sufferers do not have access to this treatment. One way to increase access to CBT is to administer treatment remotely via the Internet. This study piloted a novel therapist-supported, Internet-based CBT program for BDD (BDD-NET).DesignUncontrolled clinical trial.ParticipantsPatients (N=23) were recruited through self-referral and assessed face to face at a clinic specialising in obsessive–compulsive and related disorders. Suitable patients were offered secure access to BDD-NET.InterventionBDD-NET is a 12-week treatment program based on current psychological models of BDD that includes psychoeducation, functional analysis, cognitive restructuring, exposure and response prevention, and relapse prevention modules. A dedicated therapist provides active guidance and feedback throughout the entire process.Main outcome measureThe clinician-administered Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for BDD (BDD-YBOCS). Symptom severity was assessed pretreatment, post-treatment and at the 3-month follow-up.ResultsBDD-NET was deemed highly acceptable by patients and led to significant improvements on the BDD-YBOCS (p=<0.001) with a large within-group effect size (Cohen's d=2.01, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.97). At post-treatment, 82% of the patients were classified as responders (defined as≥30% improvement on the BDD-YBOCS). These gains were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures of depression, global functioning and quality of life also showed significant improvements with moderate to large effect sizes. On average, therapists spent 10 min per patient per week providing support.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BDD-NET has the potential to greatly increase access to CBT, at least for low-risk individuals with moderately severe BDD symptoms and reasonably good insight. A randomised controlled trial of BDD-NET is warranted.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov registration IDNCT01850433.
Overdetection in breast cancer screening: development and preliminary evaluation of a decision aid
Authors: Hersch Jolyn , Jansen Jesse , Barratt Alexandra , Irwig Les , Houssami Nehmat , Jacklyn Gemma , Thornton Hazel , Dhillon Haryana , McCaffery Kirsten 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo develop, pilot and refine a decision aid (ahead of a randomised trial evaluation) for women around age 50 facing their initial decision about whether to undergo mammography screening.DesignTwo-stage mixed-method pilot study including qualitative interviews (n=15) and a randomised comparison using a quantitative survey (n=34).SettingNew South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsWomen aged 43–59 years with no personal history of breast cancer.InterventionsThe decision aid provides evidence-based information about important outcomes of mammography screening over 20 years (breast cancer mortality reduction, overdetection and false positives) compared with no screening. The information is presented in a short booklet for women, combining text and visual formats. A control version produced for the purposes of comparison omits the overdetection-related content.OutcomesComprehension of key decision aid content and acceptability of the materials.ResultsMost women considered the decision aid clear and helpful and would recommend it to others. Nonetheless, the piloting process raised important issues that we tried to address in iterative revisions. Some participants found it hard to understand overdetection and why it is of concern, while there was often confusion about the distinction between overdetection and false positives. In a screening context, encountering balanced information rather than persuasion appears to be contrary to people's expectations, but women appreciated the opportunity to become better informed.ConclusionsThe concept of overdetection is complex and new to the public. This study highlights some key challenges for communicating about this issue. It is important to clarify that overdetection differs from false positives in terms of its more serious consequences (overtreatment and associated harms). Screening decision aids also must clearly explain their purpose of facilitating informed choice. A staged approach to development and piloting of decision aids is recommended to further improve understanding of overdetection and support informed decision-making about screening.
Managing end of life medications at home—accounts of bereaved family carers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Payne Sheila , Turner Mary , Seamark David , Thomas Carol , Brearley Sarah , Wang Xu , Blake Susan , Milligan Christine 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo explore how bereaved family members recall managing end of life medications when delivering care to a patient dying at home in England.DesignQualitative study.SettingDomestic homes in two contrasting areas in England.Participants59 bereaved family carers who have delivered care to a patient who spent a minimum of 2 weeks at home prior to their death from cancer or other non-malignant condition. Cases were excluded if the place of death was: a hospice, nursing home or National Health Service (NHS) hospital.ResultsParticipants identified a number of important concerns about managing end of life medication for the dying person at home. Although some support with medications is provided by general practitioners and nurses in the community, family carers take primary responsibility for drug administration and storage. They reported anxiety about giving correct and timely dosages, and concerns about keeping the patient comfortable without overdosing them or risking shortening their lives. In particular, they reported that certain analgesic medications, especially opioids, were considered to have a symbolic significance increasing analgesia requirements, and the use of a syringe driver was associated with deterioration and approaching death. Key barriers to managing end of life medications at home included: complex regimes; unwanted responsibility in deciding when to use ‘as needed’ medication; disagreements with professional staff, and anxiety about medication errors, especially if perceived to have implications for survival.ConclusionsFamily carers require more information about end of life drugs and their effects, support and training in managing medication for a dying person.
Chapter 21 A review of sedimentation since the Last Glacial Maximum on the continental shelf of eastern China
Authors: Yang Shouye , Wang Zhongbo , Dou Yanguang , Shi Xuefa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The contiguous continental shelf of the Bohai, Yellow and East China seas has a total area of about 0.75×10
6
km
2
and a width of over 600 km. The basement is tectonically stable and the accumulated thickness of Quaternary sediment is up to 500 m. During the post-glacial period, the epicontinental shelf received a large influx of fluvial sediments with complex fluvial–marine interactions. The river-dominated shelf sedimentation is characterized by two types of terrigenous sediment source-to-sink transport processes represented by the two mega-rivers, Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Huanghe (Yellow River), and the small mountainous rivers in Taiwan Island, in total contributing about 10% of the world's total river sediment load. Mud patches and belts, and tidal sand ridges were well developed on the shelf during the post-glacial period. These muds are generally interpreted as eddy sedimentation formed after the highest post-glacial transgression, while the tidal sand ridges with several formation stages developed under variable oceanic regimes. The changes in monsoon climate-induced river flux, sea level and oceanic circulation primarily controlled the stratigraphic framework and sedimentary facies on the shelf during the late Quaternary. Nevertheless, many aspects of sedimentary processes and river–sea interactions at different spatial and temporal scales require more investigation.
Chapter 5 The southern Brazilian shelf
Authors: Nagai Renata H. , Sousa Silvia H. M. , Mahiques Michel M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The southern Brazilian shelf (extending from 34°S to 22°S) is discussed with special emphasis on its Holocene sedimentary evolution. The onset of the Rio de la Plata plume influence on the inner shelf during the Late Holocene and the reworking of seafloor sediments by the Brazil Current in the outer shelf and upper slope are key elements. High-resolution sedimentary records have revealed palaeoceanographic changes in the Brazilian shelf, highlighting the importance of this sector of the Brazilian shelf to the comprehension of the palaeoclimate of South America, especially regarding oscillations of wind regime and humidity. These records also reveal that the recent sedimentary and oceanographic contrasts north and south of São Sebastião Island (24°S) have been present in the Brazilian shelf at least since the Early Holocene.
Chapter 6 The Argentine continental shelf: morphology, sediments, processes and evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Violante R. A. , Paterlini C. M. , Marcolini S. I. , Costa I. P. , Cavallotto J. L. , Laprida C. , Dragani W. , García Chapori N. , Watanabe S. , Totah V. , Rovere E. I. , Osterrieth M. L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Argentine continental shelf is one of the largest and smoothest siliciclastic shelves in the world. Although it is largely emplaced in a passive continental margin, the southernmost regions are related to transcurrent and active margins respectively associated with the Malvinas Plateau and Scotia Arc. Sea-level fluctuations, sediment dynamics and climatic/oceanographic processes were the most important conditioning factors in the modelling of the shelf, with a minor influence from isostatic and tectonic factors that are more relevant in the southernmost regions. The shelf is shaped by diverse geomorphic features, among which the most significant are four sets of terraces genetically associated to sea-level stillstands during the post-glacial transgression; the final one occurred at around 11 ka and is associated with the Younger Dryas event. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sedimentary sequence is composed of, on average, 5–15 m-thick terrigenous, siliciclastic, relict–palimpsest sands mainly sourced from the Andean region, with minor amounts of bioclast and gravels, resulting from the reworking of pre-transgressive coastal environments.
Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 Predicts Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Brown Jason R. , Wimberly Hallie , Lannin Donald R. , Nixon Christian , Rimm David L. , Bossuyt Veerle 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been associated with response to neoadjuvant therapy, measurement typically is subjective, semiquantitative, and unable to differentiate among subpopulations. Here, we describe a quantitative objective method for analyzing lymphocyte subpopulations and assessing their predictive value.
Experimental Design: We developed a quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure stromal expression of CD3, CD8, and CD20 on one slide. We validated this assay by comparison with flow cytometry on tonsil specimens and assessed predictive value in breast cancer on a neoadjuvant cohort (n = 95). Then, each marker was tested for prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) compared with pathologist estimation of the percentage of lymphocyte infiltrate.
Results: The lymphocyte percentage and CD3, CD8, and CD20 proportions were similar between flow cytometry and quantitative immunofluorescence on tonsil specimens. Pathologist TIL count predicted pCR [P = 0.043; OR, 4.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–21.6] despite fair interobserver reproducibility (κ = 0.393). Stromal AQUA (automated quantitative analysis) scores for CD3 (P = 0.023; OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.13–5.57), CD8 (P = 0.029; OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.08–3.72), and CD20 (P = 0.005; OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19–2.72) predicted pCR in univariate analysis. CD20 AQUA score predicted pCR (P = 0.019; OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.32–21.8) independently of age, size, nuclear grade, nodal status, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67, whereas CD3, CD8, and pathologist estimation did not.
Conclusions: We have developed and validated an objective, quantitative assay measuring TILs in breast cancer. Although this work provides analytic validity, future larger studies will be required to prove clinical utility. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 5995–6005. ©2014 AACR.
Blockade of mTOR Signaling via Rapamycin Combined with Immunotherapy Augments Antiglioma Cytotoxic and Memory T-Cell Functions
Authors: Mineharu Yohei , Kamran Neha , Lowenstein Pedro R. , Castro Maria G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe success of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demands a robust antiglioma T-cell cytotoxic and memory response. Recent evidence suggests that rapamycin regulates T-cell differentiation. Herein, we tested whether administration of rapamycin could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy utilizing Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Ad-Flt3L) and thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (Ad-TK/GCV). Using the refractory rat RG2 glioma model, we demonstrate that administration of rapamycin with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV immunotherapy enhanced the cytotoxic activity of antitumor CD8+ T cells. Rats treated with rapamycin + Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV exhibited massive reduction in the tumor volume and extended survival. Rapamycin administration also prolonged the survival of Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV–treated GL26 tumor–bearing mice, associated with an increase in the frequency of tumor-specific and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells. More importantly, rapamycin administration, even for a short interval, elicited a potent long-lasting central memory CD8+ T-cell response. The enhanced memory response translated to an increased frequency of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells within the tumor and IFNγ release, providing the mice with long-term survival advantage in response to tumor rechallenge. Our data, therefore, point to rapamycin as an attractive adjuvant to be used in combination with immunotherapy in a phase I clinical trial for GBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 3024–36. ©2014 AACR.
Dietary Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Authors: Virtanen Jyrki K. , Mursu Jaakko , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Voutilainen Sari 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
The epidemiological evidence of the role of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconsistent. We investigated the associations of dietary fatty acids with the risk of CHD and carotid atherosclerosis in men with high SFA intake and high rates of CHD.

Approach and Results—
In total, 1981 men from the population-based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD), aged 42 to 60 years and free of CHD at baseline in 1984 to 1989, were investigated. Food consumption was assessed with 4-day food recording. Multivariate nutrient-density models were used to analyze isocaloric replacement of nutrients. CHD events were ascertained from national registries. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by ultrasonography of the common carotid artery intima-media thickness in 1015 men. During the average follow-up of 21.4 years, 183 fatal and 382 nonfatal CHD events occurred. SFA or trans fat intakes were not associated with CHD risk. In contrast, monounsaturated fat intake was associated with increased risk and polyunsaturated fat intake with decreased risk of fatal CHD, whether replacing SFA, trans fat, or carbohydrates. The associations with carotid atherosclerosis were broadly similar, whereas the associations with nonfatal CHD were weaker.

Conclusions—
Our results suggest that SFA intake is not an independent risk factor for CHD, even in a population with higher ranges of SFA intake. In contrast, polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower risk of fatal CHD, whether replacing SFA, trans fat, or carbohydrates. Further investigation on the effect of monounsaturated fat on the CHD risk is warranted.