bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Charge Delocalization in Biruthenium–Alkynyl Complexes Bridged by Thiophenes
Authors: Ou Ya‐Ping , Xia Jianlong , Zhang Jing , Xu Meng , Yin Jun , Yu Guang‐Ao , Liu Sheng Hua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of binuclear ruthenium–alkynyl complexes that are bridged by thiophene groups (thiophene, bithiophene, and terthiophene) have been synthesized. All of these complexes have been well‐characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. The electronic properties of these complexes have been examined by using cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and IR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Electrochemical results showed that the potential difference (ΔE) and comproportionation constant (Kc) decreased with increasing size of the thiophene bridging unit. The UV/Vis/NIR spectra and TDDFT calculations of the monocations indicated that the NIR transitions displayed aromatic bridging character. EPR studies of the mono‐oxidized radical species further demonstrated that the unpaired electron/hole was delocalized over both metals and the bridging ligand and established significant participation in the ligand oxidation.
A Pareto‐improving hybrid policy for transportation networks
Authors: Song Ziqi , Yin Yafeng , Lawphongpanich Siriphong , Yang Hai 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates an innovative Pareto‐improving hybrid policy that combines two policy instruments, that is, congestion pricing and road space rationing, and takes advantage of the synergistic effects between these instruments. Mathematical formulations for developing Pareto‐improving pure road space rationing schemes and hybrid policies are presented. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed hybrid policy offers greater flexibility and is more prominent in leading to Pareto improvement than both pure congestion pricing and road space rationing schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization and luminescent properties of dense nano‐silica hybrids loaded with 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Sun Jihong , Li Yuzhen , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNovel luminescent dense nano‐silica hybrid materials (DNSS) modified with different amounts of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride (NA) were successfully synthesized via two steps combined with post‐grafting methods. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐sorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and elemental analysis, as well as time‐resolved decays were employed to characterize the resultant hybrid materials. The results revealed that luminescent organic molecules had been successfully loaded onto the amine‐modified surface of nano‐silica spheres. In addition, their fluorescence intensity and characteristic peak of emission spectra changed with increasing amount of APTES and NA additive. In particular, the characteristic peak showed a red shift from 390 to 450 nm, however, this was inconsistent with results calculated on the basis of the elemental analysis data, most probably because of the dispersion behaviors of NA molecules from the aggregating to the monolayer state. These observations demonstrated the existence of a quantum confinement effectiveness of NA–DNSS samples, and therefore a possible mechanism was put forward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous utilization of glucose and gluconate in Penicillium chrysogenum during overflow metabolism
Authors: Schmitz Katja , Peter Vivien , Meinert Sabine , Kornfeld Georg , Hardiman Timo , Wiechert Wolfgang , Noack Stephan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum is one of the most important production organism for β‐lactam antibiotics, especially penicillin. A specific feature of P. chrysogenum is the formation of gluconate as the primary overflow metabolite under non‐limiting growth on glucose. Gluconate can be formed extracellularly by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) that shows high activities under glucose excess conditions. Currently, it is assumed that under these conditions glucose is the preferred carbon substrate for P. chrysogenum and gluconate consumption first starts after glucose becomes limiting. Here, we specifically address this hypothesis by combining batch cultivation experiments on defined glucose media, time‐dependent GOD activity measurements, and 13C‐tracer studies. Our data prove that both substrates are metabolized simultaneously independent from the actual glucose concentration and therefore suggest that no distinct mechanism of carbon catabolite repression exists for gluconate in P. chrysogenum. Moreover, gluconate consumption does not interfere with penicillin V production by repression of the penicillin genes. Finally, by following a model‐driven approach the specific uptake rates for glucose and gluconate were quantified and found to be significantly higher for gluconate. In summary, our results show that P. chrysogenum metabolizes gluconate directly and at high rates making it an interesting alternative carbon source for production purposes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3235–3243. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coronary plaque composition assessed by intravascular ultrasound virtual histology: Association with long‐term clinical outcomes after heart transplantation in young adult recipients
Authors: Tomai Fabrizio , Adorisio Rachele , De Luca Leonardo , Pilati Mara , Petrolini Alessandro , Ghini Anna S. , Parisi Francesco , Pongiglione Giacomo , Gagliardi Maria Giulia 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo assess coronary plaque composition by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH‐IVUS) analysis in young adult recipients and to correlate these findings with time from heart transplant (HTx) and long‐term outcomes.BackgroundRapid progression of coronary allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation is a powerful predictor of mortality and clinical events at long‐term.MethodsForty consecutive young adult recipients transplanted during childhood undergoing VH‐IVUS during coronary surveillance have been prospectively included in this study. According to the time interval from HTx to VH‐IVUS assessment, our cohort was divided into two groups (group A: ≤5 years, n = 13; group B: >5 years, n = 27).ResultsGroup B showed an higher percentage of necrotic core and dense calcium (12 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 1%, P = 0.04; 8.2 vs. 2.1%, P = 0.03; respectively). An “inflammatory plaque” (necrotic core and dense calcium ≥30%) was detected in 34.8% of patients in group B and in none among group A patients (P = 0.03). Patients in group B had a number of adverse clinical events significantly higher than group A patients (53.8 vs. 14.3%; HR 4.45; 95% CI 1.62–12.16; P = 0.029) at long‐term follow‐up (4.2 years). The multivariate regression analysis showed that age (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.0; P = 0.007), time from HTx (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.6–4.8; P = 0.02), and inflammatory plaque (HR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.3; P = 0.03) were independent predictors of adverse clinical events.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that time‐dependent differences in plaque composition, as assessed by VH‐IVUS, occur after HTx in young adult recipients, probably determining an increased risk of long‐term clinical events. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paclitaxel‐eluting balloon versus everolimus‐eluting stent for treatment of drug‐eluting stent restenosis
Authors: Almalla Mohammad , Schröder Jörg , Pross Verena , Marx Nikolaus , Hoffmann Rainer 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveDrug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation is a very effective treatment of bare‐metal stent–in‐stent restenosis (BMS–ISR). Therapeutic options for drug‐eluting stent–in‐stent restenosis (DES–ISR) are less well defined, as there are only few data on safety and effectiveness of interventional modalities. This study compared the 1‐year clinical outcome after the use of drug‐eluting balloon (DEB) to second‐generation everolimus‐eluting stent (EES) for treatment of DES–ISR.MethodsThis observational study included 86 patients with 86 DES–ISR. Forty patients were treated by repeat percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using an EES. Forty‐six patients were treated by repeat PCI using a DEB. Follow‐up periods were 22 ± 11 and 25 ± 19 months, respectively. The primary endpoint of the study was survival free of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 1 year. Secondary endpoints were needed for target lesion revascularization (TLR), definite stent thrombosis (ST) at 1 year, and MACE rate during total follow‐up period.ResultsBaseline clinical and angiographic parameters were comparable between the two groups. EES were associated with a higher MACE rate at 1 year compared to DEB (27.5 vs. 8.6%, respectively; P = 0.046). TLR rates for EES and DEB were 22.5% versus 4.3%, respectively, P = 0.029, while rates of definite ST at 1 year follow‐up were comparable (2.5% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.945). There were no differences in myocardial infarction rates between the two groups (5% vs. 2%, respectively; P = 0.595) and in mortality. Considering the complete follow‐up periods, DEB were associated with significantly less MACE compared to EES (log‐rank test, P = 0.045). Furthermore, comparison of TLR rates showed a strong trend in favor of DEB compared to EES (P = 0.074).ConclusionsTreatment of DES‐ISR using a DEB is associated with favorable rates of MACE and TLR at 1‐year follow‐up compared to the implantation of an EES. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water‐Soluble, 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane‐Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles and their Application in Biphasic Catalytic Hydrogenations at Room Temperature
Authors: Caporali Maria , Guerriero Antonella , Ienco Andrea , Caporali Stefano , Peruzzini Maurizio , Gonsalvi Luca 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWater‐dispersible Pd nanoparticles stabilized by the hydrophilic cage‐like aminophosphine ligand 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane and its N‐methyl derivative were synthesized and fully characterized in the colloidal state by TEM, and NMR and UV spectroscopy and in the solid state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and powder XRD. The three different nanoparticles obtained showed a narrow distribution range with average core sizes of 2.8, 3.2, and 3.5 nm. The activity of some of these Pd nanoparticles as catalysts in the biphasic hydrogenation of organic substrates under mild conditions has been tested, and good results and excellent reusability (up to nine catalytic runs) were obtained.
Ionically Tagged Ru–Alkylidenes for Metathesis Reactions under Biphasic Liquid–Liquid Conditions
Authors: Autenrieth Benjamin , Willig Felix , Pursley Dominik , Naumann Stefan , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the novel ionic Ru–alkylidenes [Ru[(4‐CO2)(1‐CH3)Py+)]2(IMesH2)(CH‐2‐(2‐PrO)‐C6H4)][OTf−]2 (1, IMesH2=1,3‐dimesitylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene, Py=pyridine, OTf−=triflate) and [RuCl[(4‐CO2)(1‐CH3)Py+)](IMesH2)(CH‐2‐(2‐PrO)‐C6H4)][OTf−] (2) is reported. Catalysts 1 and 2 were successfully used in various metathesis reactions under biphasic liquid–liquid conditions using 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and heptane as liquid phases. Ruthenium leaching into the heptane phase was very low (<0.4 %), translating into Ru contamination of the products between 0.3 and 2.5 ppm. Both 1 and 2 exhibited comparable reactivity in organic solvents and under biphasic conditions. Catalyst 1 and 2 were also successfully used in the continuous metathesis of methyl oleate and 1,7‐octadiene under supported liquid–liquid conditions. Finally, the disproportionation of the monocarboxylato monochloro substituted Ru–alkylidene 2 was traced by 1H NMR analysis at 40 °C, thereby demonstrating the formation of complex 1 and the neutral complex [RuCl2(IMesH2)(CH‐2‐(2‐PrO)‐C6H4)].
Novel Functionalized Microporous Organic Networks Based on Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Yanqin , Zhang Suobo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis and functions of phosphine or phosphine oxide functionalized networks (PPP or PPPO; PP=porous polymer). These materials were predominantly microporous and exhibited high surface areas (SBET: 1284 and 1353 m2 g−1 for PPP and PPPO, respectively), with high CO2 (2.46 and 3.83 mmol g−1 for PPP and PPPO, respectively) uptake capacities. Pd nanoparticles can be simply incorporated into the functionalized networks (PPPPd or PPPOPd) through a facile one‐step impregnation. A yield of 98 % was obtained in the Suzuki reaction between 1‐chlorobenzene and p‐tolylboronic acid with the PPPPd system, which was higher than that obtained when PPPOPd (53.2 %) or [Pd(PPh3)4] (38.2 %) was used as the catalyst. The superior catalytic ability of PPPPd can be attributed to the structural features that incorporate triarylphosphine within a microporous structure.
Use of a spectroscopic sensor to monitor droplet size distribution in emulsions using neural networks
Authors: Assenhaimer Cristhiane , Machado Leandro J. , Glasse Benjamin , Fritsching Udo , Guardani Roberto 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMonitoring of emulsion properties is important in many applications, like in foods and pharmaceutical products, or in emulsion polymerisation processes, since aged and ‘broken’ emulsions perform worse and may affect product quality. This study reports the use of an ‘in‐line’ turbidity sensor coupled with a neural network model to monitor droplet size distributions of metal working fluid emulsions (MWF), a case where emulsion aging affects product quality. The data from the sensor were used to fit the model for droplet size distribution estimation. The technique was applied to monitor the destabilisation of commercially available MWF with good accuracy.
Removal of Cd and Pb in Calcareous Soils by Using Na2EDTA Recycling Washing
Authors: Zhang Shujuan , Yang Zhihui , Wu Baolin , Wang Yangyang , Wu Ruiping , Liao Yingping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSoil‐column experiments were conducted for removing of Cd and Pb from calcareous soils by using EDTA disodium (Na2EDTA). Up to 84.4 and 73.5% of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)‐extractable Cd and Pb were removed by using 0.04 mol L−1 Na2EDTA at 1:8 of soil‐to‐solution ratio (w/v). More than 99% of Cd and 97% of Pb in leachate collected from washing procedure were precipitated at pH 10 by using Na2S + Ca(OH)2, while only 56.9% of Cd and 97.5% of Pb were removed with FeCl3 + NaOH. The recovered Na2EDTA from leachate treatment did not lose much of its chelating capacity in the first washing process. However, in the second and third batch washing process, the removal of DTPA‐extractable Cd decreased by 26.2 and 20.2%, while the removal of DTPA‐extractable Pb decreased by 33.0 and 41.1%, respectively. Due to the high content of Na+ in the treated soil, several chemical amendments were employed to remove Na+. (NH4)2SO4 was the most suitable amendment reagent and the optimal concentration of (NH4)2SO4 was 0.08 mol L−1 at a soil‐to‐solution ratio of 1:3. The total cost for recycled Na2EDTA washing decreased by 68.9% as compared with fresh Na2EDTA washing.
Modification of Triclosan Scaffold in Search of Improved Inhibitors for Enoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Reductase in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Stec Jozef , Fomovska Alina , Afanador Gustavo A. , Muench Stephen P. , Zhou Ying , Lai Bo‐Shiun , El Bissati Kamal , Hickman Mark R. , Lee Patty J. , Leed Susan E. , Auschwitz Jennifer M. , Sommervile Caroline , Woods Stuart , Roberts Craig W. , Rice David , Prigge Sean T. , McLeod Rima , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThrough our focused effort to discover new and effective agents against toxoplasmosis, a structure‐based drug design approach was used to develop a series of potent inhibitors of the enoyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (ENR) enzyme in Toxoplasma gondii (TgENR). Modifications to positions 5 and 4′ of the well‐known ENR inhibitor triclosan afforded a series of 29 new analogues. Among the resulting compounds, many showed high potency and improved physicochemical properties in comparison with the lead. The most potent compounds 16 a and 16 c have IC50 values of 250 nM against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites without apparent toxicity to the host cells. Their IC50 values against recombinant TgENR were found to be 43 and 26 nM, respectively. Additionally, 11 other analogues in this series had IC50 values ranging from 17 to 130 nM in the enzyme‐based assay. With respect to their excellent in vitro activity as well as improved drug‐like properties, the lead compounds 16 a and 16 c are deemed to be excellent starting points for the development of new medicines to effectively treat Toxoplasma gondii infections.
Degradation of Cyanoacrylic Acid‐Based Organic Sensitizers in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Xichuan , Cheng Ming , Zhang Fuguo , Sun Licheng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganic dyes have become widely used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) because of their good performance, flexible structural modifications, and low costs. To increase the photostability of organic dye‐based DSSCs, we conducted a full study on the degradation mechanism of cyanoacrylic acid‐based organic sensitizers in DSSCs. The results showed that with the synergy between water and UV light, the sensitizer could desorb from the TiO2 surface and the cyanoacrylic acid unit of the sensitizer was transformed into the aldehyde group. It was also observed that the water content had a great effect on the degradation process. Our experiments conducted using 18O‐labeled water demonstrated that the oxygen atom of the aldehyde group identified in the degraded dye came from the solvent water in the DSSCs. Therefore, controlling the water content during DSSC fabrication, good sealing of cells, and filtering the UV light are crucial to produce DSSCs that are more durable and robust.
Amplitude statistics of ground clutter from town and hill observed by an S‐band radar
Authors: Sayama Shuji , Ishii Seishiro 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe have observed ground clutter from a town and hills using an S‐band radar with a frequency of 3.05 GHz, a beamwidth of 1.8°, and a pulse width of 1.0 µs, located on the campus of the National Defense Academy in Yokosuka City. To investigate such ground clutter amplitude statistics, we introduce a compound distribution and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We have found that the ground clutter amplitude obeys the compound lognormal distribution with shape parameters of σ1 = 0.424, σ2 = 0.232 for the entire data and the compound lognormal and compound log‐Weibull distributions with shape parameters of σ1 = 0.217 to 0.429, σ2 = 0.028 to 0.410, and c1 = 9.36 to 11.20 and c2 = 17.00 to 23.81, respectively, for data within the beamwidth of an antenna. The numbers for the minimum AIC (MAIC) of the compound lognormal and log‐Weibull distributions are 8 and 4, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(7): 42–51, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11407
A rationally oriented forgettable profit sharing
Authors: Koujaku Sadamori , Watanabe Kota , Igarashi Hajima 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn this paper, the Rationally Oriented Forgettable Profit Sharing method (RFPS) for reinforcement learning is proposed. Although profit sharing (PS) provides good performances in real environments, its learning is often slow in long‐term tasks because it is difficult to determine the appropriate discount rate which satisfies the Miyazaki rational theorem. There are several rationality‐relaxed PS methods which work well for such tasks. However, these PS methods may result in many irrational loops. The proposed method fulfills rationality by forgetting the reinforced irrational loops. This method can be easily combined with ordinary PS methods and performs well in long‐term tasks. Simulation results show that the proposed method can learn more efficiently than conventional PS methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(7): 11–18, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11461
Real Time In Vivo Measurement of Ascorbate in the Brain Using Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Microelectrodes
Authors: Ferreira Nuno R. , Santos Ricardo M. , Laranjinha João , Barbosa Rui M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA carbon fiber microelectrode modified with a composite film of carbon nanotubes and Nafion was developed for in vivo ascorbate (AA) measurements in brain tissue. The modified‐microelectrodes exhibit an electrocatalytic activity for AA oxidation by shifting the peak potential negatively to −0.040 V, showing a sensitivity of 37 pA/µM, a detection limit of 2.5 µM, a response time of 0.3 s and don’t respond to several electroactive compounds found in the brain extracellular space. In the rat hippocampus, the basal concentration of AA was 290 µM, and glutamate‐evoked changes in AA were biphasic comprising fast and slow components.
Electrochemical RNase A Detection Using an Electrode with Immobilized Ferrocenyl Deoxyribooligonucleotide Containing Cytidine Residue
Authors: Sato Shinobu , Takenaka Shigeori 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA ferrocenyl deoxyribooligonucleotide (FcODN(rC)) with contiguous cytosine bases and a single ribonucleotide, cytidine, was immobilized on a gold electrode, and this electrode was used to detect RNase A. RNase A activity in a solution was assessed using cyclic voltammetry, and it was found that the current response of the sensor electrode decreased with increasing enzyme concentration. An extremely low detection limit of 1.0×10−11 g mL−1 RNase A was observed, with 15–90 % changes in the current signal. RNase activity can be an indicator of a number of diseases; therefore, this probe has great potential for applications in medical diagnostics.
Carbonaceous Impurities Contained in Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Dominate Their Electrochemical Capacitances
Authors: Yang Xiaoyang , Li Xiaomeng , Ma Xiao , Jia Li , Zhu Liande 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this article, we report on carbonaceous impurities that residing in graphene oxide prepared from the chemical exfoliation of graphite significantly impact on the electrochemical capacitive qualities of graphene oxide and in situ electrochemically reduced graphene oxide as well. The results demonstrate that the carbonaceous impurities cause totally opposite effects on the electrochemical capacitive properties of graphene oxide and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. After removal of the impurities, the specific capacitance of graphene oxide is greatly improved while the value for electrochemically reduced graphene is diminished. This finding is particularly favorable to reveal the inherent electrochemical capacitive qualities of graphene and contributes to further exploration of graphene as an electrode material in supercapacitiors.
Electrochemical Detection of NADH, Cysteine, or Glutathione Using a Caffeic Acid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Lee P. T. , Compton R. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA modified electrode was prepared using electrodeposition methods to immobilize caffeic acid (CAF) onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to create a polymer suitable for biosensor development. The polymer film coverage of the surface bound species was further optimized using electrodeposition methods, thus increasing the surface coverage to ca. 10−9 mol cm−2. Using cyclic voltammetry, the modified carbon electrode was used to facilitate and observe the electrocatalytic oxidation of coenzymes such as NADH, cysteine, and glutathione at different concentrations. A calibration curve was determined in each case within the concentration range; 300 nM to 10 mM, with the limits of detection (LOD) of 246 µM, 99 µM, 2.2 µM for NADH, cysteine, and glutathione respectively.