bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth and Artificial Reef Type Effects on Size and Distribution of Red Snapper in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Jaxion-Harm J. , Szedlmayer S. T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus is a highly exploited commercial and recreational species that dominates the artificial reef systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Off coastal Alabama there are few natural reefs, but in the last 50 years government programs and private fishers have placed numerous artificial reefs in the northeast Gulf of Mexico with the goal of increasing fisheries production. We examined the effects of artificial reef depth and reef type on Red Snapper densities and size distributions. We used hook-and-line, fish trap, and scuba visual surveys to estimate Red Snapper densities on four types of artificial reefs: army tanks, pyramids, small reefs (e.g., metal cages, pipelines), and large reefs (e.g., ships, dry docks, oil platforms). Small Red Snapper (&lt;33 cm TL) were significantly more abundant at shallower depths (&lt;35 m) and on small artificial reefs. Army tanks showed significantly more large fish (&gt;33 cm TL) at shallow sites (&lt;35 m) than at deeper sites (&gt;35 m); in contrast, pyramids showed significantly more large fish at deeper sites. Ontogenetic habitat shift and fishing mortality were the most likely factors that would explain these Red Snapper distributions. Worldwide, artificial reefs are being used to enhance fishery resources and for habitat restoration. We document the importance of reef design and deployment location for Red Snapper, as well as the need for future artificial reef deployments to consider the relevant variables that affect the species that managers are attempting to enhance.
Received May 4, 2014; accepted October 20, 2014
Are tetraploids more successful? Floral signals, reproductive success and floral isolation in mixed-ploidy populations of a terrestrial orchid
Authors: Gross Karin , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background and Aims Polyploidization, the doubling of chromosome sets, is common in angiosperms and has a range of evolutionary consequences. Newly formed polyploid lineages are reproductively isolated from their diploid progenitors due to triploid sterility, but also prone to extinction because compatible mating partners are rare. Models have suggested that assortative mating and increased reproductive fitness play a key role in the successful establishment and persistence of polyploids. However, little is known about these factors in natural mixed-ploidy populations. This study investigated floral traits that can affect pollinator attraction and efficiency, as well as reproductive success in diploid and tetraploid Gymnadenia conopsea (Orchidaceae) plants in two natural, mixed-ploidy populations.
Methods Ploidy levels were determined using flow cytometry, and flowering phenology and herbivory were also assessed. Reproductive success was determined by counting fruits and viable seeds of marked plants. Pollinator-mediated floral isolation was measured using experimental arrays, with pollen flow tracked by means of staining pollinia with histological dye.
Key Results Tetraploids had larger floral displays and different floral scent bouquets than diploids, but cytotypes differed only slightly in floral colour. Significant floral isolation was found between the two cytotypes. Flowering phenology of the two cytotypes greatly overlapped, and herbivory did not differ between cytotypes or was lower in tetraploids. In addition, tetraploids had higher reproductive success compared with diploids.
Conclusions The results suggest that floral isolation and increased reproductive success of polyploids may help to explain their successful persistence in mixed-ploidy populations. These factors might even initiate transformation of populations from pure diploid to pure tetraploid.
Reference-based compression of short-read sequences using path encoding
Authors: Kingsford Carl , Patro Rob 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Storing, transmitting and archiving data produced by next-generation sequencing is a significant computational burden. New compression techniques tailored to short-read sequence data are needed.
Results: We present here an approach to compression that reduces the difficulty of managing large-scale sequencing data. Our novel approach sits between pure reference-based compression and reference-free compression and combines much of the benefit of reference-based approaches with the flexibility of de novo encoding. Our method, called path encoding, draws a connection between storing paths in de Bruijn graphs and context-dependent arithmetic coding. Supporting this method is a system to compactly store sets of kmers that is of independent interest. We are able to encode RNA-seq reads using 3–11% of the space of the sequence in raw FASTA files, which is on average more than 34% smaller than competing approaches. We also show that even if the reference is very poorly matched to the reads that are being encoded, good compression can still be achieved.
Availability and implementation: Source code and binaries freely available for download at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/∼ckingsf/software/pathenc/, implemented in Go and supported on Linux and Mac OS X.
Contact: carlk@cs.cmu.edu.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Individual Differences
Authors: Donlan Chris 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the results of three studies that have attempted to identify the factors underlying individual differences in mathematics. Holloway and Ansari (2009), explored the relation between basic number processing and attainment in primary school mathematics. Mazzocco et al. (2011) used a non-symbolic comparison task as an indicator of a preschool child’s Approximate Number System (ANS). Goebel et al. (2014), who tested the number knowledge of 173 six-year olds using a number identification task. All three studies tested specific hypotheses by making use of individual differences and associations between them. They also strongly validate two fundamental principles: that correlational models are limited by the measurements they contain, and that evidence consistent with a particular hypothesis does not necessarily constitute strong evidence in its favour. This article concludes by providing an overview of the topics covered in this book concerning individual differences in mathematics.
The Shape of Political Communication
Authors: Blumler Jay G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This chapter stresses the importance of trying to understand the political communication process in the round (i.e., its shape), in addition to its specific workings and effects, and explains what this can involve. For this purpose, the concept of a “political communication system” is proposed, the key components of which are identified. Four ways in which this concept has been applied in analysis and research are then outlined (including especially for comparative research). Finally, the chapter considers whether the concept of a political communication system can be accommodated to the onset of recent transforming trends, such as increased communication abundance and the Internet.
The Modern Endeavor to Interpret Early Chinese Religions
Authors: Brashier K.E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Early Chinese religions consist of individual religious components, on one hand, and the systems uniting those components, on the other, but the systems get lost over time. Hence, when we study early Chinese religions, we tend to superimpose our own templates on the surviving components. To better navigate these religions, we must analyze our situatedness relative to theirs, be wary of how we play “dot-to-dot” with the components, and ultimately adopt a polythetic approach to defining religion. Part one addresses both the scope of individual religious components (i.e. their temporal longevity, geographic spread and degree of representativeness among the people) and their significance (i.e. from influential belief to banal flourish). Part two considers how we interconnect those components within a “religion” as well as connect them to non-religious components such as contemporaneous social and political forces. Part three discusses our projection of modern religious categories and theories onto early China.
Fulminant psittacosis in a traveller
Authors: Waidyasekara Pasan , Ramanathan Kollengode 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Psittacosis is a rare cause of pneumonia, caused by Chlamydia psittaci. The disease is transmitted to humans via inhalation of dried bird faeces, feather dust, urine or respiratory secretions. The disease can range from a mild form with non‐specific symptoms to severe systemic disease with prominent respiratory symptoms. Psittacosis causing severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is uncommon.

Case presentation:
A 64‐year‐old male tourist from Hong Kong presented to the emergency department with a 5 day history of headache, myalgia and fever. He had a productive cough and was short of breath. The patient developed septic shock with multiorgan failure requiring intensive care support. We received information from the Centre for Health Diseases in Hong Kong about a psittacosis outbreak in an animal management centre where our patient had been working with recent occupational exposure to dead parrots. Despite a significant increased mortality rate associated with respiratory and renal involvement in psittacosis, our patient survived the sepsis and multiorgan failure and was repatriated back for further rehabilitation.

Conclusion:
The case illustrates the importance of exploring a patient’s occupational history to establish an infection exposure. The respiratory symptoms, myalgia and fever warranted consideration of an atypical pneumonia. The patient had bilateral pulmonary infiltrates contrary to the unilateral involvement in the majority of the patients with chest X‐ray abnormalities. Despite a high mortality rate associated with respiratory and renal involvement, our patient survived the severe sepsis.
Gastrointestinal anthrax in coastal south India: a critical alert on a fatal masquerader
Authors: Iqbal Nayyar , Basheer Aneesh , Ramesh Ayil Nagarajan , Vimal Joseph , Mookkappan Sudhagar , Kanungo Reba , Anandhalakshmi  , Princess Isabella 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Anthrax remains endemic to some parts of southern India including Pondicherry. Among various forms of the infection, gastrointestinal anthrax appears to be the least common. Cases of inhalational anthrax causing sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported in the literature.

Case presentation:
We report the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of gastrointestinal anthrax with sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation from India. The patient ate raw meat under the influence of alcohol, following which he developed fever and gastrointestinal bleeding. Later, he presented with ascites, intracerebral haemorrhage, haematuria and a deranged coagulation profile. Culture of his blood yielded Bacillus anthracis. He succumbed to the infection after 18 h of admission in the intensive care unit. The case was reported to the public health authorities for the necessary follow‐up and preventive measures.

Conclusion:
Gastrointestinal anthrax can have various non‐specific clinical manifestations, making diagnosis difficult. Meticulous history taking, a high index of suspicion and prompt institution of antibiotics with or without surgical intervention is likely to improve outcomes.
Satisfaction and continuance with a learning management system
Authors: Islam A.K.M. Najmul , Azad Nasreen 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the perceptions of educators and students with a learning management system (LMS). The comparison is based on survey data collected from 185 educators and 249 students in a Finnish university who use a popular LMS, Moodle.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis of the survey data follows a two-phase strategy. In the first phase, perceptions of educators and students regarding ease of use, result demonstrability, usefulness, access, reliability, compatibility, satisfaction, and continuance intention were compared using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second phase, partial least squares (PLS) technique is employed to compare the path values and explained variances of satisfaction, and continuance intention by putting relevant variables as predictors.

Findings
– The ANOVA results suggest that students have higher positive perceptions regarding ease of use, usefulness, access, reliability, and compatibility of the LMS than the educators. The PLS analysis results revealed that the amount of variance of students’ satisfaction explained by its predictors was 9 percentage points lower than that of educators. It also revealed that the variance of students’ continuance intention explained by satisfaction and usefulness was 12 percentage points lower than that of educators.

Practical implications
– The study concludes with both theoretical and managerial implications.

Originality/value
– While prior research has investigated either educators’ or students’ perspective, the authors have investigated both and presented a comparison. The authors have reported several differences that help practitioners make customized intervention plan.
Exploring students’ satisfaction with universities’ portals in developing countries
Authors: Shaltoni Abdel Monim , Khraim Hamza , Abuhamad Abdullah , Amer Mohammad 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting students’ satisfaction with university portals in developing countries. The factors examined are educational services availability, user ability, system quality and information quality.

Design/methodology/approach
– A self completion questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of 550 students in several universities. Correlation and regression analysis were used to identify relationships and explore which of the factors had the strongest explanatory power.

Findings
– The results showed that educational services availability, system quality and information quality influence students’ satisfaction, with service availability being the major determinant. The cultural perspective was employed to explain these results.

Originality/value
– Understanding what students expect from a university portal should increase their satisfaction and consequently have a positive impact on universities’ performance. The results of this study also contribute to the current literature, which is very limited in developing countries. The paper concludes by discussing implications for both research and practitioners.
Understanding knowledge management capability in business process outsourcing
Authors: Liu Shan , Deng Zhaohua 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate trends in the dimensions of low, medium, and high knowledge management (KM) capability of business process outsourcing (BPO) firms. It also explores the trends in BPO performance with different levels of KM capabilities of BPO firms. Moreover, the study determines how firm characteristics, such as size, age, industry, and outsourcing age, affect KM capability.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was employed to collect data on managers from 605 firms. K-means cluster analysis was performed on the aggregate measures of the four KM capability dimensions and BPO performance to reveal trends. Subsequently, MANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of four firm characteristics on KM capability, and individual ANOVA tests were performed to examine the specific differences among the four dimensions.

Findings
– Among the four dimensions of KM capability, knowledge application is the most significant. Knowledge protection is the second highest in terms of expressing the profile for low KM capability firms, but the lowest among the four dimensions of KM capability for medium and high KM capability firms. Each dimension of KM capability affects BPO performance positively. Firm size, age, industry, and outsourcing age differentially affect the dimensions of KM capability.

Originality/value
– This study presents a theoretical model of firm characteristics, KM capability, and BPO performance. Through the model, ideas are offered: firms with high KM capability significantly differ from those with low and medium KM capabilities; different firms exhibit different KM capabilities; developing knowledge application capability should be the priority in managing BPO; and improving KM capability is an effective means to enhance BPO performance.
Do task- and relation-oriented customers co-create a better quality of service?
Authors: Cheung Fung Yi Millissa , To Wai Ming 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how task- and relation-oriented customers co-create high quality services with frontline employees from the perspective of customer-dominant (C-D) logic.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors reviewed the service management literature and identified a number of critical components that help service providers understand the psychology and behaviour of their customers, and how their customers perceive service encounters. The authors tested the theoretical model using a random survey sample of 707 consumers in Hong Kong.

Findings
– The authors found that information sharing fully mediated the interactive effects of customer involvement and customer motivational orientation on customer perceived service quality and customer satisfaction. These findings support the C-D logic that customers as co-creators of value play a dominant role in service encounters.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors contribute to the existing management literature by identifying the importance of the C-D logic for service delivery and management. In particular, the involvement of customers with different motivational orientations through information sharing significantly affects customers’ perceived service quality and satisfaction.

Originality/value
– The paper enhances the understanding of customer’s logic by exploring the conditions and process between customer involvement and service delivery. Further directions for theoretical and empirical research are suggested.
Ownership participation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions by emerging market firms
Authors: Yang Monica 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to adopt a multi-level approach to investigate what factors shape the content of emerging market firms’ foreign market entry decisions, particularly the ownership participation in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). In addition, the author would like to know if companies from emerging markets that possess higher (or lower) ownership in cross-border M&As receive higher valuation in the market.Design/methodology/approach– Using panel data of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms from 2000 to 2012, the author tests the hypothesized effects of the independent variables on the level of ownership participation; and uses a standard event study methodology to assess the market reaction of a particular cross-border M&A deal.Findings– The author finds that a country-level factor (institutional distance), an industry-level factor (industry unrelatedness) and a firm-level factor (board concentration) have significant impact on ownership participation in cross-border M&As. The author also finds that investors do give high valuation to those emerging market firms that chose high ownership participation in cross-border M&As. However, the author did not finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and cultural distance. Neither did the author finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and board independence.Originality/value– This study enhances the understanding of conditions under which the level of ownership participation in cross-border M&As would increase (decrease) and how the market reacts to high (low) ownership participation of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms.
The effects of ethical climates on trust in supervisor and trust in organization in a Polish context
Authors: Simha Aditya , Stachowicz-Stanusch Agata 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of ethical climate types on two components of organizational trust, i.e. trust in supervisor and trust in organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 178 managerial employees from seven hospitals in Poland was used to investigate the specific relationships between ethical climates (i.e. egoistic, benevolent, and principled) and trust in supervisor and trust in organization. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between ethical climates and the two trust components.

Findings
– It was found that egoistic climates were negatively associated with trust in organization and trust in supervisor, whereas benevolent climates were positively associated with trust in supervisor and trust in organization. No support was obtained for any sort of association between principled climates and either of the two trust components.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research should examine the role of trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between ethical climates and variables such as commitment or productivity or satisfaction. Future research should also examine different national and work contexts to test out these relationships.

Practical implications
– Managers and organizations should try and establish benevolent ethical climates as opposed to egoistic ones, in order to bolster levels of trust among their employees.

Originality/value
– The findings of this paper are unique and original because this is the first study to suggest a relationship between ethical climate types and the two trust components. The value of this study is that it provides managers and organizations with a way by which they could potentially increase levels of trust among their employees.
Immunization with heat‐inactivated Staphylococcus aureus induced an antibody response mediated by IgG1 and IgG2 in patients with recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Garcia‐Romo Gina Stella , Gonzalez‐Ibarra Misael , Donis‐Hernandez Felipe Raul , Zendejas‐Buitron Victor Manuel , Pedroza‐Gonzalez Alexander 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCurrently Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Because of an increase in multi‐drug resistant strains of S. aureus, there is a pressing need for effective treatments and preventive approaches to reduce the risk of invasive and life‐threatening infections. A preventive vaccine against S. aureus would have a tremendous clinical impact. However, multiple clinical trials have failed to identify an agent that can induce protective responses. Most trials have been based on subunit vaccines using one or a few purified antigens, which may not be enough to confer protection. Here, the impact of a whole‐cell vaccine comprised of heat‐inactivated S. aureus was investigated in patients with RT. The vaccine was well tolerated and had no significant local or systemic reactions. Immunization with heat‐inactivated S. aureus elicited a significant antibody response characterized by production of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and, to a lesser extent, of IgA antibodies. Notably, this response was associated with an important decrease in the incidence of tonsillitis and bacterial colonization of the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results show that whole‐cell inactivated S. aureus is safe and capable of evoking specific antibody responses in patients with recurrent tonsillitis.