bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of public health interventions to address breast cancer inequalities in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Chanakira Esther Z. , Thomas Chloe V. , Balen Julie , Mandrik Olena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the world, with a worse prognosis documented in low- and middle-income countries. Inequalities pertaining to breast cancer outcomes are observed at within-country level, with demographics and socioeconomic status as major drivers.

Aim
This review aims to aggregate all available evidence from low- and middle-income countries on public health interventions that can be utilized to reduce breast cancer inequalities within the breast cancer continuum.

Methods
The study was a systematic review and narrative synthesis of available literature, with the literature search conducted between September and October 2021. The search was re-run in September 2022 to update the review. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, African Index Medicus and LILACS were searched, based on predetermined criteria. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and quasi-experimental studies were included for review, while studies without an intervention and comparator group were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute family of checklists was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Data pertaining to study design, quality control and intervention effectiveness was extracted.

Results
A total of 915 studies were identified for screening and 21 studies met the selection criteria. Only one study specifically evaluated the impact of an intervention on breast cancer inequalities. Diverse, multi-level interventions that can be utilized to address breast cancer inequalities through targeted application to disadvantaged subpopulations were identified. Educational interventions were found to be effective in improving screening rates, downstaging through early presentation as well as improving time to diagnosis. Interventions aimed at subsidizing or eliminating screening payments resulted in improved screening rates. Patient navigation was highlighted to be effective in improving outcomes throughout the breast cancer continuum.

Conclusion
Findings from the systematic review underline the importance of early detection in breast cancer management for low- and middle-income countries. This can be achieved through a variety of interventions, including population education, and addressing access barriers to public health services such as screening, particularly among under-served populations. This study provides a comprehensive database of public health interventions relevant to low- and middle-income countries that can be utilized for planning and decision-making purposes. Findings from the review highlight an important research gap in primary studies on interventions aimed at reducing breast cancer inequalities in low- and middle-income countries.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021289643.
Machine learning applied to species occurrence and interactions: the missing link in biodiversity assessment and modelling of Antarctic plankton distribution
Authors: Grillo Marco , Schiaparelli Stefano , Durazzano Tiziana , Guglielmo Letterio , Granata Antonia , Huettmann Falk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Plankton is the essential ecological category that occupies the lower levels of aquatic trophic networks, representing a good indicator of environmental change. However, most studies deal with distribution of single species or taxa and do not take into account the complex of biological interactions of the real world that rule the ecological processes.

Results
This study focused on analyzing Antarctic marine phytoplankton, mesozooplankton, and microzooplankton, examining their biological interactions and co-existences. Field data yielded 1053 biological interaction values, 762 coexistence values, and 15 zero values. Six phytoplankton assemblages and six copepod species were selected based on their abundance and ecological roles. Using 23 environmental descriptors, we modelled the distribution of taxa to accurately represent their occurrences. Sampling was conducted during the 2016–2017 Italian National Antarctic Programme (PNRA) ‘P-ROSE’ project in the East Ross Sea. Machine learning techniques were applied to the occurrence data to generate 48 predictive species distribution maps (SDMs), producing 3D maps for the entire Ross Sea area. These models quantitatively predicted the occurrences of each copepod and phytoplankton assemblage, providing crucial insights into potential variations in biotic and trophic interactions, with significant implications for the management and conservation of Antarctic marine resources. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) results indicated the highest model efficiency, for Cyanophyta (74%) among phytoplankton assemblages and Paralabidocera antarctica (83%) among copepod communities. The SDMs revealed distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Ross Sea area, with an average Relative Index of Occurrence values of 0.28 (min: 0; max: 0.65) for phytoplankton assemblages and 0.39 (min: 0; max: 0.71) for copepods.

Conclusion
The results of this study are essential for a science-based management for one of the world’s most pristine ecosystems and addressing potential climate-induced alterations in species interactions. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering biological interactions in planktonic studies, employing open access and machine learning for measurable and repeatable distribution modelling, and providing crucial ecological insights for informed conservation strategies in the face of environmental change.
Experience sharing on perioperative clinical management of gastric cancer patients based on the “China Robotic Gastric Cancer Surgery Guidelines”
Authors: Ma Shixun , Fang Wei , Zhang Leisheng , Chen Dongdong , Tian Hongwei , Ma Yuntao , Cai Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
With the popularization of robotic surgical systems in the field of surgery, robotic gastric cancer surgery has also been fully applied and promoted in China. The Chinese Guidelines for Robotic Gastric Cancer Surgery was published in the Chinese Journal of General Surgery in August 2021.

Methods
We have made a detailed interpretation of the process of robotic gastric cancer surgery regarding the indications, contraindications, perioperative preparation, surgical steps, complication, and postoperative management based on the recommendations of China’s Guidelines for Robotic Gastric Cancer Surgery and supplemented by other surgical guidelines, consensus, and single-center experience.

Results
Twenty experiences of perioperative clinical management of robotic gastric cancer surgery were described in detail.

Conclusion
We hope to bring some clinical reference values to the front-line clinicians in treating robotic gastric cancer surgery.

Trial registration
The guidelines were registered on the International Practice Guideline Registration Platform (http://www.guidelines-registry.cn) (registration number: IPGRP-2020CN199).
Design, characterizations, and antimicrobial activity of sustainable home furnishing-based waste fabric treated using biobased nanocomposite
Authors: Swielam Eman M. , Hussien Zeinab M. , Hasanin Mohamed S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClothing and textile industries are major contributors to environmental pollution including textile manufacturing through garment production, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In this context, the sustainability textile industry is a big challenge and contributes to serving a large segment of society. Also, textile wastes could be used as a raw material for added-value products. Herein, in this study, recycling of residues fabric was treated with antimicrobial nanocomposite to reach the best use of exhausts and obtain multifunction products of aesthetic via the technical design of the waste raw materials. Besides, solving the unemployment problem by opening fields for small industry projects capable of producing high-value textile artifacts, especially when treated against microbes, can be applied to home furnishings. The waste fabric was treated via green synthesis nanocomposite based on chitosan and in situ prepared ZnONPs and cross-linked with tannic acid. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using physicochemical analysis including attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the nanocomposite and treated fabric topographical behavior were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attachment with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and images were processed to evaluate the roughness structure. Additionally, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to ensure the size and stability of the nanocomposite. The obtained results affirmed the green synthesis of nanocomposite with a size around 130 nm, as well as the doped ZnONPs average size of 26 nm and treated waste fabric, performed a promising attraction between nanocomposite and fabric fibers. Moreover, the antimicrobial study observed excellent activity of nanocomposite against bacteria and unicellular fungi as well.
Longitudinal changes of funduscopic optic disc size, color and cup-to-disc ratio in school children
Authors: Sameshima Seiji , Yamashita Takehiro , Terasaki Hiroto , Asaoka Ryo , Yoshihara Naoya , Kakiuchi Naoko , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the relationship between changes in the optic disc size and color, cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, and axial elongation in schoolchildren.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed in 75 right eyes of elementary school students for six years (from 8.5 to 14.5 years old). In the first and last year, all participants underwent optical axial length measurement and color fundus photography. The optic disc color was calculated by dividing the intensity of red by the sum of the intensity of red, green, and blue. The optic disc area was calculated by modifying the number of pixels according to Bennett’s formula. The C/D ratio was calculated by dividing the vertical cup diameter by vertical optic disc diameter. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare these optic disc parameters and axial length in the first and last year.

Results
Mean axial length in the last year (24.82 mm) was significantly longer than that in the first year (23.34 mm). Likewise, the mean optic disc size was significantly smaller in the last year (41,946 pixels) than that in the first year (46,144 pixels). The mean optic disc color in the last year (0.49) was significantly more reddish than that in the first year (0.46), while the mean C/D ratio in last year (0.50) was significantly smaller than that in first year (0.52).

Conclusions
During the period from 8.5 years to 14.5 years of age, both the optic disc size and C/D ratio became smaller, while the color became more red.
Sex estimation using Magnetic Resonance Imaging measurements of hand and foot in Egyptian population
Authors: Amer Marwa Abd El-Moniem , Elhamed Marwa Elsayed Abd , Elhawy Lamiaa Lotfy , AbdAllah Amany Mohammed , Mohammad Nanies Sameeh , Bessar Manar A. , Elgebely Mohamed Nabil Soliman , Moawed Dena Mohamed Naguib Abdel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The identification of skeletal remains begins with a sex evaluation since other biological profile elements, such as size and age, are sex-specific. The pelvis is the favored element for sex assessment since it is very sexually dimorphic.

Aim of the study
Delivering hand and foot bones sex estimate criteria for Egyptian population identification was the goal of this work.

Subject and methods
Eighty-two Egyptian adult subjects (41 males and 41 females) aged ≥ 21 years old were subjected to MRI scan on the right hand and foot to assess 9 measurements: hand length, hand width, four measurements of middle metacarpal bone (length, breadth, head breadth and base breadth), first metatarsal bone length, first metatarsal bone width and (first metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width).

Results
All the measured parameters in the right hand and foot were higher in males than females. First metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width in the foot and middle metacarpal bone breadth in the hand were the most sexually dimorphic parameters, with accuracy of 86.6 percent and 84.1 percent, respectively. In stepwise discriminant analysis, three of nine measurements were selected: First metatarsal bone length x first metatarsal bone width, middle metacarpal bone breadth and hand width for the sex prediction equation in the Egyptian population, with a cross-validated sex classification accuracy of 90.2%.

Conclusion
Sex can be assessed from hand and foot metric parameters measured by MRI with high accuracy.
Using the consolidated framework for implementation research to identify church leaders’ perspectives on contextual determinants of community-based colorectal cancer screening for Black Kentuckians
Authors: Kruse-Diehr Aaron J. , Cegelka Derek , Combs Carlee , Wood Rose , Holtsclaw Elizabeth , Stapleton Jerod L. , Williams Lovoria B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Black Kentuckians experience more deleterious colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes than their White counterparts, a disparity that could be reduced by increased screening in Black communities. Previous research has shown that Black Kentuckians may not be equitably informed of different CRC screening options by health care providers, making community-based screening a potentially effective option among this disparate population. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify church leaders’ perspectives of contextual factors that might influence community-based screening and explore the feasibility of using church-based screening outreach.

Methods
Six participants were selected, based on leadership roles and interest in CRC screening, from five established Louisville-area church partners that had previously participated in community health initiatives. Data were collected, both virtually and in-person, in Summer 2021 using semi-structured interview guides developed with guidance from the CFIR Guide that focused on domains most relevant to community-based interventions. Data were transcribed verbatim, coded by two independent researchers, and member checked for accuracy.

Results
Data were aligned primarily with six CFIR constructs: key stakeholders, champions, opinion leaders, tension for change, compatibility, and culture. Participants noted a strong tension for change in their community due to perceptions of inadequacy with clinical approaches to CRC screening. Additionally, they stressed the importance of identifying individuals both within the church who could champion CRC screening and help implement program activities, as well as those outside the church who could collaborate with other local organizations to increase participant reach. Finally, participants agreed that faith-based CRC screening aligned with church culture and would also likely be compatible with overall community values.

Conclusions
Overall, our church partners strongly endorsed the need for, and importance of, community-based CRC screening. Given a history of successful implementation of health promotion programs within our partner churches, it is highly likely that a CRC screening intervention would also be effective. Findings from this study will be used to identify implementation strategies that might positively impact a future faith-based CRC screening intervention, as well as CFIR constructs that are most positively associated with CRC screening completion.
Characterization of three African swine fever viruses from different clinical settings revealed a potential attenuation mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Wang Yuening , Zhang Kaili , Deng Dafu , Peng Kai , Zheng Wanglong , Chen Nanhua , Liu Penggang , Shang Shaobin , Li Ruichao , Zhu Jianzhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) is an acute and fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) that currently threatens the pig industry worldwide. Since the 2018 ASF outbreak in China, ASFV has evolved and caused diverse clinical manifestations, such as chronic and asymptomatic infections. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ASFV attenuation in the field. Here, we isolated three ASFVs from one diseased and two asymptomatic pigs by using primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from both domestic pigs and Bama minipigs. The three ASFVs exhibited similar phenotypes in cell culture, including cytopathic effects (CPEs), hemadsorptions (HADs), viral protein expressions and growth curves. Genome sequencing revealed that all three ASFVs were genotype II strains. Genomic comparisons suggested that the disruption of the viral genes MGF360 and MGF110, rather than EP402R and EP153R, is likely involved in the potential attenuation of ASFV via the upregulation of innate immune responses.
Imperfect diffusion-controlled reactions for stochastic processes with memory
Authors: Mendes T. V. , Guérin T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many physical processes are controlled by the time that a random walker needs to reach a target. In many practical situations, such as reaction kinetics, this target is imperfect: multiple random encounters may be necessary to actually trigger a reaction. So far, most analytical approaches of imperfect reaction kinetics have been limited to Markovian (memoryless) stochastic processes. However, as soon as the random walker interacts with its environment, its motion becomes effectively non-Markovian. Here, we present a theory that provides the mean reaction time for a non-Markovian Gaussian random walker in a large confining volume in the presence of a spatially localized reaction rate or a gated target. Remarkably, in the weakly reactive regime, for strongly subdiffusive processes, our theory predicts that the deviation of the mean reaction time to the reaction controlled time displays a non-trivial scaling with the reactivity, which we identify analytically. This effect illustrates how the memory of past passages to the target influences the statistics of next-return times, to the difference of Markovian processes. The theory is developed in one and two dimensions and agrees with stochastic simulations. These results provide a refined understanding of how non-Markovian transport and local reactivity influence the kinetics of diffusion controlled reactions.
Second Primary Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Adult Cancer Survivors: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Feng Jianhua , Wu Caixiu , Shen Fei , Cai Wensong , Xu Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Adult cancer survivors are at a heightened risk for secondary primary differentiated thyroid carcinoma (2-DTC). The characteristics and outcomes of 2-DTC remain poorly understood.

Objective
We aimed to explore the characteristics and outcomes of 2-DTC.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2017). 2-DTC was divided into 25 subgroups based on prior primary malignancies (PPMs). Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identified if PPMs were associated with aggressive DTC characteristics. DTC-specific and cancer-specific mortality were analyzed using a univariable and multivariable competing risk regression model.

Results
There were 138 555 1-DTC and 9253 2-DTC patients identified. 2-DTC patients were predominantly older, male, and White compared to first primary DTC (1-DTC) (all P &lt; .05). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only 4 types of PPMs were associated with higher rates of DTC aggressive characteristics, while 19 types exhibited lower rates (all P &lt; .05). In multivariable competing risk analysis, 2-DTC showed no mortality risk in stages I (SHR: 1.16; 95% CI, 0.65-2.07) and II (SHR: 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-1.01), but a protective role in stages III (SHR: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.83) and IV (SHR: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.99). Most PPMs that developed into 2-DTC had a lower risk of DTC-specific death than 1-DTC, but many PPMs had a higher risk of cancer-specific death.

Conclusion
Given the characteristics and outcomes of 2-DTC, aggressive treatment for 2-DTC, particularly for PPM with a high mortality risk, may not be advisable.
Liraglutide Impacts Iron Homeostasis in a Murine Model of Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Shin Jae Hoon , Blok Neil B , Jain Chesta , Das Nupur K , Polex-Wolf Joseph , Knudsen Lotte Bjerre , Shah Yatrik M , Seeley Randy J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Classic hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive iron-overload disorder resulting from loss-of-function mutations of the HFE gene. Patients with HH exhibit excessive hepatic iron accumulation that predisposes these patients to liver disease, including the risk for developing liver cancer. Chronic iron overload also poses a risk for the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that liraglutide, GLP1 receptor agonist, alters iron metabolism while also reducing body weight and glucose tolerance in a mouse model of HH (global HFE knockout, HFE KO) and diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. The total body HFE KO and wild-type control mice were fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Mice were subdivided into liraglutide and vehicle-treated groups and received daily subcutaneous administration of the respective treatment once daily for 18 weeks. Liraglutide improved glucose tolerance and hepatic lipid markers and reduced body weight in a mouse model of HH, the HFE KO mouse, similar to wild-type controls. Importantly, our data show that liraglutide alters iron metabolism in HFE KO mice, leading to decreased circulating and stored iron levels in HFE KO mice. These observations highlight the potential that GLP1 receptor agonist could be used to reduce iron overload in addition to reducing body weight and improving glucose regulation in HH patients.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Control of Heart Rate
Authors: Dore Riccardo , Mittag Jens 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thyroid hormone has profound effects on cardiovascular functions, including heart rate. These effects can be mediated directly, for example, by changing the expression of target genes in the heart through nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, or indirectly by altering the autonomic nervous systems output of the brain. The underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the cellular substrates, however, are far from being understood. In this review, we summarize the recent key findings on the individual contributions of the two thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on the regulation of heart rate, challenging the role of the pacemaker channel genes Hcn2 and Hcn4 as sole mediators of the hormone's effect. Furthermore, we discuss the possible actions of thyroid hormone on the autonomic nervous system affecting heart rate distribution, and highlight the possibility of permanent alterations in heart and brain by impaired thyroid hormone action during development as important factors to consider when analyzing or designing experiments.