bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of Secondary Intraventricular Hemorrhage is an Independent Predictor of Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Data from the Helsinki ICH Study
Authors: Mustanoja Satu , Satopää Jarno , Meretoja Atte , Putaala Jukka , Strbian Daniel , Curtze Sami , Haapaniemi Elena , Sairanen Tiina , Niemelä Mika , Kaste Markku , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: January 2015

Background Intraventricular hemorrhage is a severe subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with high mortality and poor outcome. Aim We analyzed various intraventricular hemorrhage scores at baseline to find common parameters associated with increased mortality. Methods Consecutive intracerebral hemorrhage patients treated in Helsinki University Central Hospital during 2005— 2010 were included in the Helsinki Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study registry and analyzed for three-month mortality. Results After excluding lost-to-follow-up patients, 967 intracerebral hemorrhage patients were included, out of whom 398 (41%) had intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage patients, compared with nonintraventricular hemorrhage patients, had lower baseline Glasgow Coma Scale [median 12 (IQR 6–15) vs. 15 (13–15); P < 0·001] and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [18 (10–27) vs. 7 (3–14); P < 0·001] scores; larger intracerebral hemorrhage volumes [17 ml (7·2–42) vs. 6·8 (2·4–18); P < 0·001] and more often hydrocephalus (51% vs. 9%; P < 0·001); and higher mortality rates (54% vs. 18%; P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was independently associated with mortality [OR 2·05 (95% CI 1·36–3·09)] when adjusted for well-known prognostic factors of intracerebral hemorrhage, i.e. age, gender, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, intracerebral hemorrhage volume, infratentorial location, and etiology. Conclusions The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was independently associated with increased mortality, and all the intraventricular hemorrhage scores were strong predictors of three-month mortality.
Modest Blood Pressure Reduction with Valsartan in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Blinded-End-Point Trial
Authors: Oh Mi Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Hong Keun-Sik , Kang Dong-Wha , Park Jong-Moo , Bae Hee-Joon , Koo Jaseong , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Byung-Chul 
Published: January 2015

Background and aims To assess the efficacy and safety of modest blood pressure (BP) reduction with valsartan within 48 h after symptom onset in patients with acute ischemic stroke and high BP. Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-end-point trial. A total of 393 subjects were recruited at 28 centers and then randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive valsartan ( n = 195) or no treatment ( n = 198) for seven-days after presentation. The primary outcome was death or dependency, defined as a score of 3–6 on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days after symptom onset. Early neurological deterioration (END) within seven-days and 90-day major vascular events were also assessed. Results There were 372 patients who completed the 90-day follow-up. The valsartan group had 46 of 187 patients (24·6%) with a 90-day mRS 3–6, compared with 42 of 185 patients (22·6%) in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 1·11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0·69–1·79; P = 0·667). The rate of major vascular events did not differ between groups (OR, 1·41; 95% CI, 0·44–4·49; P = 0·771). There was a significant increase of END in the valsartan group (OR, 2·43; 95% CI, 1·25–4·73; P = 0·008). Conclusions Early reduction of BP with valsartan did not reduce death or dependency and major vascular events at 90 days, but increased the risk of END.
Characteristics and significant predictors of detecting underlying diseases in adults with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria: A large case series of a Korean population
Authors: Kang Minyong , Lee Sangchul , Jeong Seong Jin , Hong Sung Kyu , Byun Seok‐Soo , Lee Sang Eun , Jeong Chang Wook 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo provide detailed characteristics of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, as well as to identify the significant predictors of detecting underlying diseases of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, by evaluating a large Korean population.MethodsWe obtained data from healthy adults over the age of 20 years who underwent the health‐screening program from 2005 to 2010 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, resulting in 56 632 participants included in the analysis. Patients who had microscopic hematuria (five red blood cells/high‐power field) were referred to a urological outpatient clinic for further urological evaluation. An underlying disease of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria was predefined as a urinary stone, renal mass, urothelial cancer or other relevant lesions.ResultsAt the initial urinalysis, 6.2% (3517/56 632) were diagnosed with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Of these, 1619 participants underwent repeat urinalysis within 1 year after screening, and 911 (56.3%) participants were detected with microscopic hematuria again. We identified 131 lesions (3.7%) as underlying diseases for asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, with urinary stone as the most common cause. Just six lesions were malignant: three renal cell carcinomas and three bladder cancers. Male sex and diabetes mellitus were significant predictors for detection of underlying diseases of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.ConclusionsHerein we report the largest screening case series of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria including approximately 60 000 asymptomatic participants studied at a single institution. These findings provide clinical practice information for the management of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults.
‘I was raped by Santa Claus’: Responding to disclosures of sexual assault in mental health inpatient facilities
Authors: Ashmore Toni , Spangaro Jo , McNamara Lorna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSexual violence is significantly higher among those with mental illness than the rest of the population. The risk of sexual violence posed to patients during inpatient admissions is now also beginning to be recognized, but remains a challenging area of practice. This paper introduces a trauma‐informed care approach for responding to disclosures of sexual violence by people with serious mental illness, taking into account the complexities of caring for individuals who might be unable to provide coherent accounts of assaults and/or who might be experiencing varying degrees of psychosis. A framework for understanding and responding to disclosures of sexual violence that occur in mental health facilities is described, recognizing that such disclosures take many forms, including plausible and implausible accounts of recent sexual violence, as well as disclosures of past abuse triggered by current traumatic experiences. Illustrated by case studies, the practice implications for each type of disclosure described in the framework are explored in relation to investigation, care planning, and prevention.
Uganda nursing research agenda: a Delphi study
Authors: Spies L.A. , Gray J. , Opollo J. , Mbalinda S. 
Published: January 2015

AimUse a Delphi Methodology to identify nursing research priorities in Uganda.BackgroundIdentifying nursing research priorities, empowering researchers, and encouraging relevant studies can advance attaining global health goals. The Uganda Nurses and Midwives Union identified the need to establish a nursing research agenda. Nurse leaders have a priority of increasing the influence of nurses in practice and policy. This study was conducted as a preliminary step in a long‐term strategy to build nurses’ capacity in nursing research.MethodsA three‐round Delphi study was conducted. The 45 study participants were nurses in practice, nurse faculty and members of the Uganda Nurses and Midwives Union. In the initial round, the participants wrote their responses during face‐to‐face meetings and the follow‐up rounds were completed via email.ResultsMaternal and child morbidity and HIV/AIDS were identified as research priorities. Nurses also identified nursing practice, education and policy as key areas that nursing research could impact.LimitationsDemographic characteristics such as length of time in nursing were not collected. Additionally, first round participants completed a pencil‐paper survey and the follow‐up rounds were done by email.ConclusionsNurse Leaders in Uganda identified areas where research efforts could have the most impact and were most relevant to nursing practice.Implications for nursing and health policyHealth policy decisions have historically been made without nursing input. Nursing research can provide evidence to inform policy and, ultimately, improve population health. The focus of nursing research in priority areas can be used to guide nursing contribution in policy discussions.
Microstructure and Li‐Ion Conductivity of Hot‐Pressed Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12
Authors: David Isabel N. , Thompson Travis , Wolfenstine Jeff , Allen Jan L. , Sakamoto Jeff 
Published: January 2015

The effect of hot‐pressing temperature on the microstructure and Li‐ion transport of Al‐doped, cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) was investigated. At fixed pressure (62 MPa), the relative density was 86%, 97%, and 99% when hot‐pressing at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the percent grain‐boundary resistance decreased with increasing hot‐pressing temperature. Hot pressing at 1100°C resulted in a total conductivity of 0.37 mS/cm at room temperature where the grain boundaries contributed to 8% of the total resistance; one of the lowest grain‐boundary resistances reported. We believe hot pressing is an appealing technique to minimize grain‐boundary resistance and enable correlations between LLZO composition and bulk ionic conductivity.
Depressive disorder in pregnant Latin women: does intimate partner violence matter?
Authors: Fonseca‐Machado Mariana de Oliveira , Alves Lisiane Camargo , Monteiro Juliana Cristina dos Santos , Stefanello Juliana , Nakano Ana Márcia Spanó , Haas Vanderlei José , Gomes‐Sponholz Flávia 
Published: January 2015

Aims and objectivesTo identify the association of antenatal depressive symptoms with intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy in Brazilian women.BackgroundIntimate partner violence is an important risk factor for antenatal depression. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no study to date that assessed the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and antenatal depressive symptoms among Brazilian women.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐eight pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and an adapted version of the instrument used in the World Health Organization Multi‐country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence were used to measure antenatal depressive symptoms and psychological, physical and sexual acts of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy respectively. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms, as determined by the cut‐off score of 12 in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, was 28·2% (101). Of the participants, 63 (17·6%) reported some type of intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Among them, 60 (95·2%) reported suffering psychological violence, 23 (36·5%) physical violence and one (1·6%) sexual violence. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression indicated that antenatal depressive symptoms are extremely associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy.ConclusionAmong Brazilian women, exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy increases the chances of experiencing antenatal depressive symptoms.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical nurses and nurses midwifes should pay attention to the particularities of Brazilian women, especially with regard to the occurrence of intimate partner violence, whose impacts on the mental health of this population are extremely significant, both during the gestational period and postpartum.
Immunoscoring of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in recurrent cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mehta Anurag , Chowdhary Meenakshi , Sinha Rupal 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a genetic disease with high prevalence and poor survival. Evaluation of recurrent tumor for a valid biomarker may serve as a predictive system for analyzing prognostic course of this disease. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the immunoscoring of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in recurrent cases with their matched regional/locoregional recurrence and non‐recurrent cases of OSCC.MethodologyA total of 64 cases of OSCC were studied and immunostained with polyclonal EGFR antibody. Of these, 33 cases recurred at the end of 5 years of follow‐up. For positive evaluation of EGFR staining, immunscoring was performed by adding the extent score and intensity score.ResultsWe observed significant increase in EGFR immunoscore in recurrent cases of OSCC (P‐value 0.001). Immunoscoring of EGFR expression is an independent prognostic and/or predictive parameter for recurrence in OSCC (Odds Ratio: 6.52).ConclusionImmunoscore using EGFR can be incorporated into traditional classification, thus providing an essential prognostic and potentially predictive tool.
LOCAL CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Authors: Brakman Steven , van Marrewijk Charles , Partridge Mark 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe financial crisis of 2008 not only started the Great Recession, but also set off fundamental changes in production processes, government fiscal practices, and housing. Technological progress has enabled firms to outsource and offshore parts of the production process, leading to a fragmentation of global value chains. We briefly discuss this “second unbundling,” global versus regional fragmentation and some of the consequences that became visible during the Great Recession's trade collapse. We discuss the consequences for some local clusters, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, and some consequences for government fiscal health and housing from an American perspective.
Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries
Authors: Gonçalves Marta , Amici Roberto , Lucas Raquel , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Cirignotta Fabio , Horne Jim , Léger Damien , McNicholas Walter T. , Partinen Markku , Téran‐Santos Joaquín , Peigneux Philippe , Grote Ludger ,   National Representatives as Study Collaborators
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe European Sleep Research Society aimed to estimate the prevalence, determinants and consequences of falling asleep at the wheel. In total, 12 434 questionnaires were obtained from 19 countries using an anonymous online questionnaire that collected demographic and sleep‐related data, driving behaviour, history of drowsy driving and accidents. Associations were quantified using multivariate logistic regression. The average prevalence of falling asleep at the wheel in the previous 2 years was 17%. Among respondents who fell asleep, the median prevalence of sleep‐related accidents was 7.0% (13.2% involved hospital care and 3.6% caused fatalities). The most frequently perceived reasons for falling asleep at the wheel were poor sleep in the previous night (42.5%) and poor sleeping habits in general (34.1%). Falling asleep was more frequent in the Netherlands [odds ratio = 3.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.97; 6.39)] and Austria [2.34 (1.75; 3.13)], followed by Belgium [1.52 (1.28; 1.81)], Portugal [1.34 (1.13, 1.58)], Poland [1.22 (1.06; 1.40)] and France [1.20 (1.05; 1.38)]. Lower odds were found in Croatia [0.36 (0.21; 0.61)], Slovenia [0.62 (0.43; 0.89)] and Italy [0.65 (0.53; 0.79)]. Individual determinants of falling asleep were younger age; male gender [1.79 (1.61; 2.00)]; driving ≥20 000 km year [2.02 (1.74; 2.35)]; higher daytime sleepiness [7.49 (6.26; 8.95)] and high risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [3.48 (2.78; 4.36) in men]. This Pan European survey demonstrates that drowsy driving is a major safety hazard throughout Europe. It emphasizes the importance of joint research and policy efforts to reduce the burden of sleepiness at the wheel for European drivers.
Histopathologic Variation between Liver Lobes in Dogs
Authors: Kemp S.D. , Zimmerman K.L. , Panciera D.L. , Monroe W.E. , Leib M.S. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundBiopsy of the liver evaluates a small portion of tissue, with inferences made to the entire organ. The method and number of biopsies obtained are tempered by consideration of the risks and benefits. Recommendations often include biopsy of more than one liver lobe, although the consistency of histopathology among lobes in dogs is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the distribution of histopathologic abnormalities between liver lobes. We hypothesized that discordant results would be evenly distributed among all liver lobes.AnimalsSeventy dogs undergoing necropsy.MethodsProspective study. Liver samples were obtained from all lobes. A primary diagnosis was assigned to each liver sample based on the predominant histopathologic abnormality.ResultsIn this population of dogs, biopsy of at least 2 liver lobes identified the predominant histologic abnormality in 98.6% of the cases. Ten (14%) of the dogs had ≤3 lobes in agreement and could not be assigned a predominant diagnosis. The same diagnosis was present in 6/6 lobes in 39 (56.5%) dogs, 5/6 lobes in 10 (14.5%) dogs, 4/6 lobes in 10 (14.5%) dogs, 3/6 lobes in 7 (10.1%) dogs, and 2/6 in 3 (4.3%) dogs. The number of discordant results did not differ between the liver lobes.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe likelihood of obtaining a sample that is reflective of the predominant histologic abnormality in the liver is increased when multiple liver lobes are biopsied.
Non‐selective beta‐blockers may reduce risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Thiele Maja , Albillos Agustín , Abazi Rozeta , Wiest Reiner , Gluud Lise L. , Krag Aleksander 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBB) are used in patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. Experimental data suggest that NSBB inhibit angiogenesis and reduce bacterial translocation, which may prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We therefore assessed the effect of NSBB on HCC by performing a systematic review with meta‐analyses of randomized trials.MethodsElectronic and manual searches were combined. Authors were contacted for unpublished data. Included trials assessed NSBB for patients with cirrhosis; the control group could receive any other intervention than NSBB. Fixed and random effects meta‐analyses were performed with I2 as a measure of heterogeneity. Subgroup, sensitivity, regression and sequential analyses were performed to evaluate heterogeneity, bias and the robustness of the results after adjusting for multiple testing.ResultsTwenty‐three randomized trials on 2618 patients with cirrhosis were included, of which 12 reported HCC incidence and 23 reported HCC mortality. The mean duration of follow‐up was 26 months (range 8–82). In total, 47 of 694 patients randomized to NSBB developed HCC vs 65 of 697 controls (risk difference −0.026; 95% CI−0.052 to −0.001; number needed to treat 38 patients). There was no heterogeneity (I2 = 7%) or evidence of small study effects (Eggers P = 0.402). The result was not confirmed in sequential analysis, which suggested that 3719 patients were needed to achieve the required information size. NSBB did not reduce HCC‐related mortality (RD −0.011; 95% CI −0.040 to 0.017).ConclusionsNon‐selective beta‐blockers may prevent HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
Erythropoietin pretreatment ameliorates renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by activating PI3K/Akt signalling
Authors: Zhang Jiong , Zou Yu‐rong , Zhong Xiang , Deng Hanlu Ding Fei , Pu Lei , Peng Kun , Wang Li 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimRenal ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, a primary cause of acute renal failure, can induce high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the effect of erythropoietin on renal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism.MethodsFifty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 10): the sham group, the renal ischaemia‐reperfusion‐saline (IRI) group, and the IRI+‐Erythropoietin (EPO) group. Erythropoietin (250, 500, 1000 U/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before inducing I/R. Renal I/R injury were induced by clamping the left renal artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion, along with a contralateral nephrectomy. Renal function and histological damage were determined after 24 h reperfusion. The expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1β), and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the serum and renal tissue were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), respectively. Further, the effects of erythropoietin on PI3K/Akt signalling, erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation were measured by Western blotting.ResultsErythropoietin pretreatment can significantly decrease the level of renal dysfunction in a dose‐dependent manner, attenuated the renal histological changes, the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation in renal tissue upon IRI. Moreover, erythropoietin pretreatment could further activate the PI3K/Akt signalling and induced EPOR activity.ConclusionsErythropoietin pretreatment could attenuate renal I/R injury by suppressing inflammation, which was associated with activating PI3K/Akt signalling though EPOR activation. Our findings suggest that erythropoietin may be a novel practical strategy to prevent renal I/R injury.
Effects of wall shear stress in venous neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Jia Lan , Wang Lihua , Wei Fang , Yu Haibo , Dong Hongye , Wang Bo , Lu Zhi , Sun Guijiang , Chen Haiyan , Meng Jia , Li Bo , Zhang Ruining , Bi Xueqing , Wang Zhe , Pang Haiyan , Jiang Aili 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimAn arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for maintenance haemodialysis patients. Its dysfunction is often due to venous stenosis, which is mainly caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Additionally, haemodynamic forces, especially wall shear stress (WSS), as a mechanical stimuli to venous wall have a significant role in neointimal hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between WSS and neointimal hyperplasia.MethodsAn ‘end‐to‐side’ AVF was created between the right femoral artery and vein of canines. Canines were killed at 7 and 28 days post‐surgery. The velocity and WSS in the three‐dimensional computational model of AVF were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs). The four typical sites of the vein evaluated in this study, chosen according to the haemodynamic analysis, included the arteriovenous anastomosis (A‐V), the juxta‐anastomotic segment (J‐V), the juxta‐ligation segment (L‐V) and the proximal vein (P‐V). The specimens were haematoxylin‐eosin stained and the intima‐media thickening was then measured.ResultsNeointimal hyperplasia was more obvious in the inner wall of the J‐V and L‐V (low‐and‐disturbed WSS) sites compared with the P‐V and A‐V sites, and the outer wall of the L‐V and J‐V segments (high or laminar WSS) (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, we described the haemodynamic condition in the AVF and found that neointimal hyperplasia predisposed to occur in the inner wall of venous segment near the anastomosis. We also found that not only the neointimal hyperplasia has a strong inverse correlation with WSS levels, but also is related to flow patterns.