bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Material of Zhenyuanopterus (Pterosauria) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning
Authors: TENG Fangfang , LÜ Junchang , WEI Xuefang , HSIAO Yufu , PITTMAN Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new partial specimen of Zhenyuanopterus from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao city, Liaoning Province is described. This specimen is slightly larger than half the size of the holotype. Although it is not complete, it provides new information on Zhenyuanopterus both in taxonomy and ontogeny: the total number of the caudal vertebrae is 15; the forelimb is more robust than the hindlimb; the growth rate of the humerus and femur is constant, and their ratio is about 1. Compared with the holotype, the scapula and coracoid grow faster than the humerus and the femur. The scapula and coracoid may slow their growth rate after a certain ontogenetic stage. The pectoral girdle, robust forelimb and weak hindlimb of the new material (XHPM1088) together with data from the holotype of Zhenyuanopterus indicate that this taxon spent less time on land than in the sky or other ecological niches such as forests and cliffs.
A Megatheropod Tooth from the Early Cretaceous of Fusui, Guangxi, Southern China
Authors: MO Jinyou , HUANG Chaolin , XIE Shaowen , ERIC Buffetaut 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA nearly complete right maxillary or left dentary tooth (NHMG 10858) from the Lower Cretaceous Xinlong Formation of the Napai Basin, Fusui County, Guangxi, southern China, is described. The tooth is large in size, with a CBL of 37 mm. Given the geological age and its crown morphology, including the size, it is most likely that the tooth belongs to a carcharodontosaurid. The recovered specimen represents one of the largest theropod teeth hitherto reported from the Early Cretaceous of Asia.
A New Fossil Hangingfly (Mecoptera: Cimbrophlebiidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China
Authors: WANG Chen , SHIH Chungkun , REN Dong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new species, Cimbrophlebia rara sp. nov., in the family Cimbrophlebiidae (Mecoptera) is described and illustrated. This specimen was collected from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Liutiaogou in Inner Mongolia, China. This is the first record of a cimbrophlebiid from the Jehol biota. A key to all species of Cimbrophlebia is given. A preliminary review of published taxa data indicates that from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, Mecoptera became less diverse and less abundant in northeastern China at familiar level (from 11 to 6), generic level (from 32 to 8) and specific level (from 44 to 14).
Zircon Geochronology and Trace Element Geochemistry from the Xiaozhen Copper Deposit, North Daba Mountain: Constraints on Albitites Petrogenesis
Authors: WANG Gang , WANG Zongqi , ZHANG Yingli , WANG Kunming 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlbitite often accompanies with various metal and gem mineral deposits and a large number of occurrences have been reported globally, including the South Qinling orogen, China. The Xiaozhen copper deposit is a typical deposit in the North Daba Mountain area of the South Qinling orogen whose distribution is controlled by albitite veins and fractures. As there are few studies on the petrogenesis of albitite in Xiaozhen copper deposit, this paper focuses on the petrogenesis of albitite and its mineralization age. Detailed fieldwork and mineral microscopic observations initially suggest that albitite from the Xiaozhen copper deposit is igneous in origin. Further zircon trace element geochemistry studies indicate that these zircons have high Th/U ratios (>0.5), low La content, high (Sm/La)N and Ce/Ce* values, and a strong negative Eu anomaly, which are commonly seen in magmatic zircons. The chondrite–normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are consistent with magmatic zircons from throughout the world, and they fall within or near the field of magmatic zircons on discriminant diagrams. The calculated average apparent Ti–in–zircon temperature for young zircons is 780°C, consistent with magmatic zircon crystallization temperatures. Therefore, zircon geochemistry indicates that the albitite origin is magmatic. SIMS U–Pb dating on nine magmatic zircons yielded a concordia age of 154.8±2.2 Ma, which represents the formation of albitite and the metallogenic age. More importantly, it is consistent with the ages of Yanshanian magmatism and metallogenesis in the South Qinling orogen, so formation of the Xiaozhen copper deposit may be a closely related geological event.
Microtexture and Distribution of Minerals in Hydrothermal Barite‐Silica Chimney from the Franklin Seamount, SW Pacific: Constraints on Mode of Formation
Authors: Durbar RAY , KOTA Dalayya , DAS Pranab , L. Surya Prakash , V.D. KHEDEKAR , Anil L. PAROPKARI , Abhay V. MUDHOLKAR 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn extinct hydrothermal barite‐silica chimney from the Franklin Seamount of the Woodlark Basin, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, was investigated for mineral distribution and geochemical composition. Six layers on either side of the orifice of a chimney show significant disparity in color, mineral assemblage and major element composition. Electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the peripheral wall of the chimney is composed of colloform silica, suggesting that incipient precipitation of silica‐saturated hydrothermal fluid initiated the development of the chimney wall. Intermediate layers, between the exterior wall and the inner fluid‐orifice, dominate with barite and sulfides. Low Sr‐to‐Ba ratios (SrO/BaO = 0.015–0.017) indicate restricted fluid‐seawater mixing, which causes relatively high‐temperature formation of the intermediate layers. Whereas the innermost layer bordering the chimney orifice is characterized by more silica and a higher Sr‐to‐Ba ratio (SrO/BaO = 0.023), could have formed due to a paragenetic shift from a high‐temperature active phase to a cooler waning stage of formation. A paragenetic shift is also probably responsible for the change in mineral formation mechanism that resulted in the textural variation of barite and colloform silica developed during different growth phases of this barite‐silica chimney.
Preventive and remedial application of etanercept attenuate monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhang Ling‐ling , Lu Jie , Li Meng‐tao , Wang Qian , Zeng Xiao‐feng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of etanercept (ETN) on monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats.MethodsA PAH rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of MCT (60 mg/kg) once and ENT therapy (2.5 mg/kg twice a week i.p.) was initiated on the day following MCT injection (prevention protocol) or after PAH is established (remedial protocol) for 2 weeks. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured using a right heart catheterization technique; quantitative determination of lung small artery blood wall thickening observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6 in the rat lung tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry.ResultsBoth preventive (12.53 ± 3.8 vs. model control 28.67 ± 7.57 mmHg, P < 0.01) and remedial (35.95 ± 20.29 vs. model control 66.17 ± 24.29 mmHg, P < 0.01) applications of ETN could significantly reduce mPAP. We obtained similar results when using the R‐value to assess the efficacy of ETN in two treatment groups (preventive groups, 0.273 ± 0.018 vs. 0.203 ± 0.036, P < 0.01; remedial groups, 0.227 ± 0.031 vs. 0.124 ± 0.008, P < 0.01). The immunohistochemistry staining showed that there were strong expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the lung tissues of model groups and decreased expression in both treatment groups.ConclusionTreatment with TNF‐α antagonism ETN prevented and reversed MCT‐induced PAH by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Our results suggest a critical role of TNF‐α and inflammation in MCT‐induced PAH progression and targeting the inflammatory environment might be a potential means of PAH treatment.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma with coexistent intrathoracic vascular malformations
Authors: Niu Zhong‐Xi , Gao Qiang , Peng Jun , Shi Hui , Chen Long‐Qi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in dysphagia, but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive hemorrhaging. This paper reviews our experience of seven patients with this diagnosis and their treatment.MethodsFrom January 2007 through January 2012, among patients admitted with esophageal carcinoma, there were seven patients confirmed to have coexisted intrathoracic vascular anomalies. They were six men and one woman, aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The vascular anomalies included aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) in three cases, post‐aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and pseudoaneurysm of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed.ResultsThe vascular anomalies were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. ARSA did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected aortic rupture. Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all patients and no postoperative chylothorax was documented.ConclusionsThe coexistence of intrathoracic vascular malformations with esophageal carcinoma is rare, but easily missed in routine X‐ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the vascular anomalies. A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.
Genetic Relationship Between Predisposition for Binge Alcohol Consumption and Blunted Sensitivity to Adverse Effects of Alcohol in Mice
Authors: Fritz Brandon M. , Cordero Kristy A. , Barkley‐Levenson Amanda M. , Metten Pamela , Crabbe John C. , Boehm Stephen L. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundInitial sensitivity to ethanol (EtOH) and the capacity to develop acute functional tolerance (AFT) to its adverse effects may influence the amount of alcohol consumed and may also predict future alcohol use patterns. The current study assessed sensitivity and AFT to the ataxic and hypnotic effects of EtOH in the first replicate of mice (HDID‐1) selectively bred for high blood EtOH concentrations (BECs) following limited access to EtOH in the Drinking in the Dark (DID) paradigm.MethodsNaïve male and female HDID‐1 and HS/Npt mice from the progenitor stock were evaluated in 3 separate experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, EtOH‐induced ataxia was assessed using the static dowel task. In Experiment 3, EtOH‐induced hypnosis was assessed by using modified restraint tubes to measure the loss of righting reflex (LORR).ResultsHDID‐1 mice exhibited reduced initial sensitivity to both EtOH‐induced ataxia (p < 0.001) and hypnosis (p < 0.05) relative to HS/Npt mice. AFT was calculated by subtracting the BEC at loss of function from the BEC at recovery (Experiments 1 and 3) or by subtracting BEC at an initial recovery from the BEC at a second recovery following an additional alcohol dose (Experiment 2). The dowel test yielded no line differences in AFT, but HS/Npt mice developed slightly greater AFT to EtOH‐induced LORR than HDID‐1 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that HDID‐1 mice exhibit aspects of blunted ataxic and hypnotic sensitivity to EtOH which may influence their high EtOH intake via DID, but do not display widely different development of AFT. These findings differ from previous findings with the high alcohol‐preferring (HAP) selected mouse lines, suggesting that genetic predisposition for binge, versus other forms of excessive alcohol consumption, is associated with unique responses to EtOH‐induced motor incoordination.
Brains online: structural and functional correlates of habitual Internet use
Authors: Kühn Simone , Gallinat Jürgen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the past decades, the Internet has become one of the most important tools to gather information and communicate with other people. Excessive use is a growing concern of health practitioners. Based on the assumption that excessive Internet use bears resemblance with addictive behaviour, we hypothesized alterations of the fronto‐striatal network in frequent users. On magnetic resonance imaging scans of 62 healthy male adults, we computed voxel‐based morphometry to identify grey matter (GM) correlates of excessive Internet use, assessed by means of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and functional connectivity analysis and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) measures on resting state data to explore the functional networks associated with structural alterations. We found a significant negative association between the IAT score and right frontal pole GM volume (P < 0.001, family wise error corrected). Functional connectivity of right frontal pole to left ventral striatum was positively associated with higher IAT scores. Furthermore, the IAT score was positively correlated to ALFF in bilateral ventral striatum. The alterations in the fronto‐striatal circuitry associated with growing IAT scores could reflect a reduction of top‐down modulation of prefrontal areas, in particular, the ability to maintain long‐term goals in face of distraction. The higher activation of ventral striatum at rest may indicate a constant activation in the context of a diminished prefrontal control. The results demonstrate that excessive Internet use may be driven by neuronal circuits relevant for addictive behaviour.
Corrective osteotomy for procurvatum deformity caused by distal femoral physeal fracture malunion stabilised with String‐of‐Pearls locking plates: results in two dogs and a review of the literature
Authors: Kim SE , Lewis DD 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThis report describes the treatment of severe procurvatum because of distal femoral physeal fracture malunion in two skeletally immature dogs.Case reportsBoth dogs presented with severe right hindlimb lameness and markedly reduced stifle extension at less than 5 months of age. Severe distal femoral procurvatum and mild‐to‐moderate femoral shortening secondary to distal femoral physeal fracture malunion were evident on radiographs. The sagittal plane deformities were addressed with a caudal opening‐wedge osteotomy in one dog and cranial closing wedge ostectomy in the other dog. String‐of‐Pearls locking plates were used to stabilise the osteotomies. Functional stifle extension range of motion and femoral length were improved post surgery in both dogs. Explantation of the plates was required in both dogs because of local soft tissue irritation. Both dogs had excellent outcomes based on subjective and objective measures (pressure sensitive walkway, force platform analysis) when assessed at skeletal maturity.ConclusionsCorrective osteotomy stabilised with String‐of‐Pearls locking plates is a viable treatment option for improving limb function in dogs with severe procurvatum deformities caused by distal femoral physeal fracture malunion.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Improves Recovery Time and Quality from Isoflurane Anaesthesia: A Double‐Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Li Qian , Yang Di , Liu Jin , Zhang Han , Zhang Jingyu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecovery time and quality after general anaesthesia is important for patient safety. This study aimed to determine whether intravenous lipid emulsion could improve recovery profiles from isoflurane anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sixty‐six patients were enrolled. After anaesthesia induction, inspired isoflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain stable vital signs and the suitable conditions for operation. At the end of the operation, the isoflurane was discontinued, and either 2 ml/kg 30% lipid emulsions or 0.9% saline solution was administered intravenously. The time to eye opening, extubation and exit from the operation room was recorded, and the quality of recovery from anaesthesia was assessed. Sixty patients completed the study. The median time to eye opening and exit from the operation room was significantly shorter in the lipid emulsion group than in the saline group [15.5 (interquartile range 9.0) versus 20.0 (10.0) min., p = 0.01; 19.5 (8.3) versus 23.6 (6.3) min., p = 0.04, respectively], whereas the median time to extubation did not show any noticeable difference. The quality of recovery was better in the lipid emulsion group than that of the saline solution group with respect to drowsiness visual analogue scale score (p < 0.01), Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score (p < 0.01), Mini‐Mental State Examination score (p = 0.04) and Modified Aldrete Post Anaesthesia Recovery score (p = 0.03). No serious adverse events were observed during the study period. In conclusion, intravenous lipid emulsion may effectively improve the recovery time and quality from isoflurane anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methodological capacity within the field of “educational technology” research: an initial investigation
Authors: Bulfin Scott , Henderson Michael , Johnson Nicola F. , Selwyn Neil 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe academic study of educational technology is often characterised by critics as methodologically limited. In order to test this assumption, the present paper reports on data collected from a survey of 462 “research active” academic researchers working in the broad areas of educational technology and educational media. The paper explores their familiarity and expertise with various methods of data collection and analysis. Data from the survey highlight a preference for relatively basic forms of descriptive research, coupled with a lack of capacity in advanced quantitative data collection and analysis. The paper concludes with some directions for “methodological capacity building” to broaden the use of methods in educational technology research.
A new treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis: initial experiences of using Seprafilm® to wrap the ureter
Authors: Kamihira Osamu , Hirabayashi Tsuyoki , Yamaguchi Asaomi , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Moriya Yoshie , Fukatsu Akitoshi , Yoshikawa Yoko , Matsuura Osamu , Kimura Kyosuke 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo confirm the efficacy of using Seprafilm® (Genzyme Corp., Cambridge, MA, USA) for wrapping the ureter to treat the ureteric stenosis caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).Patients and MethodsBetween August 2010 and September 2012, 11 ureters in eight patients with RPF (seven males and one female, mean age 65 years) were treated. The mean (range) length of the narrow segment of the ureter was 30 (10–90) mm. During surgery, after having been released from adhesive tissue, the stenotic segment of the ureter was wrapped with Seprafilm to isolate it from the surrounding tissue. A radiographic follow‐up was performed every 6 months using computed tomography, i.v. pyelography and/or 99mTc‐mercapto‐acetylglycyl‐glycyl‐glycine (99mTc‐MAG3) renal scintigraphy.ResultsFor the unilateral operations, the mean estimated blood loss was 39 mL, and the mean operating time was 154 min. All ureters were isolated from the fibrotic tissue and wrapped with Seprafilm successfully without major complications. During the mean follow‐up period of 17 months, no ureteric restenoses were observed in the affected sides, but new stenosis occurred in the contralateral side of the ureter in one patient.ConclusionsAlthough the follow‐up period is still limited, we believe that the use of Seprafilm has the potential to become an effective option in the treatment of ureteric stenosis caused by RPF, when the omentum cannot be used. To establish the relative advantages of using Seprafilm over performing a standard omental wrap, further experimentation will be required to compare the two techniques.
Syn‐sedimentary salt diapirism as a control on fluvial‐system evolution: an example from the proximal Permian Cutler Group, SE Utah, USA
Authors: Venus Joanne H. , Mountney Nigel P. , McCaffrey William D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLoading of subsurface salt during accumulation of fluvial strata can result in halokinesis and the growth of salt pillows, walls and diapirs. Such movement may eventually result in the formation of salt‐walled mini‐basins, whose style of architectural infill may be used to infer both the relative rates of salt‐wall growth and sedimentation and the nature of the fluvial‐system response to salt movement. The Salt Anticline Region of the Paradox Basin of SE Utah comprises a series of elongate salt‐walled mini‐basins, arranged in a NW‐trending array. The bulk of salt movement occurred during deposition of the Permian Cutler Group, a wedge of predominantly quartzo‐feldspathic clastic strata comprising sediment derived from the Uncompahgre Uplift to the NE. The sedimentary architecture of selected mini‐basin fills has been determined at high resolution through outcrop study. Mini‐basin centres are characterized by multi‐storey fluvial channel elements arranged into stacked channel complexes, with only limited preservation of overbank elements. At mini‐basin margins, thick successions of fluvial overbank and sheet‐like elements dominate in rim‐syncline depocentres adjacent to salt walls; many such accumulations are unconformably overlain by single‐storey fluvial channel elements that accumulated during episodes of salt‐wall breaching. The absence of gypsum clasts suggests that sediment influx was high, preventing syn‐sedimentary surface exposure of salt. Instead, fluvial breaching of salt‐generated topography reworked previously deposited sediments of the Cutler Group atop growing salt walls. Palaeocurrent data indicate that fluvial palaeoflow to the SW early in the history of basin infill was subsequently diverted to the W and ultimately to the NW as the salt walls grew to form topographic barriers. Late‐stage retreat of the Cutler fluvial system coincided with construction and accumulation of an aeolian system, recording a period of heightened climatic aridity. Aeolian sediments are preserved in the lees of some salt walls, demonstrating that halokinesis played a complex role in the differential trapping of sediment.