bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐Driven Automatic Cropping Using Semantic Composition Search
Authors: Samii A. , Měch R. , Lin Z. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present a data‐driven method for automatically cropping photographs to be well‐composed and aesthetically pleasing. Our method matches the composition of an amateur's photograph to an expert's using point correspondences. The correspondences are based on a novel high‐level local descriptor we term the ‘Object Context’. Object Context is an extension of Shape Context: it is a descriptor encoding which objects and scene elements surround a given point. By searching a database of expertly composed images, we can find a crop window which makes an amateur's photograph closely match the composition of a database exemplar. We cull irrelevant matches in the database efficiently using a global descriptor which encodes the objects in the scene. For images with similar content in the database, we efficiently search the space of possible crops using generalized Hough voting. When comparing the result of our algorithm to expert crops, our crop windows overlap the expert crops by 83.6%. We also perform a user study which shows that our crops compare favourably to an expert humans' crops.
Stable and Fast Fluid–Solid Coupling for Incompressible SPH
Authors: Shao X. , Zhou Z. , Magnenat‐Thalmann N. , Wu W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe solid boundary handling has been a research focus in physically based fluid animation. In this paper, we propose a novel stable and fast particle method to couple predictive–corrective incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics and geometric lattice shape matching (LSM), which animates the visually realistic interaction of fluids and deformable solids allowing larger time steps or velocity differences. By combining the boundary particles sampled from solids with a momentum‐conserving velocity‐position correction scheme, our approach can alleviate the particle deficiency issues and prevent the penetration artefacts at the fluid–solid interfaces simultaneously. We further simulate the stable deformation and melting of solid objects coupled to smoothed particle hydrodynamics fluids based on a highly extended LSM model. In order to improve the time performance of each time step, we entirely implement the unified particle framework on GPUs using compute unified device architecture. The advantages of our two‐way fluid–solid coupling method in computer animation are demonstrated via several virtual scenarios.
‘Endoflip® evaluation of pharyngo‐oesophageal segment tone and swallowing in a clinical population: a total laryngectomy case series’
Authors: Regan J. , Walshe M. , Timon C. , McMahon B.P. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate safety of positioning and distending the functional lumen imaging probe in the pharyngo‐oesophageal segment in adults with known pharyngo‐oesophageal segment dysfunction and to obtain preliminary measurements of pharyngo‐oesophageal segment distensibility and opening during swallowing in a clinical group.MethodsProspective case series of ten adults post total laryngectomy (61–75 years) recruited from an outpatient ENT clinic. Functional lumen imaging probe was inserted trans‐nasally, and the balloon was positioned in the pharyngo‐oesophageal segment. Two 20‐mL ramp distensions were completed, and subjects performed two dry and two 5‐mL and 10‐mL liquid swallows at a 12‐mL balloon volume. Pharyngo‐oesophageal segment distensibility was calculated from cross‐sectional area (mm2) and intraballoon pressure (mmHg) measures. During swallowing, extent (mm) and duration (secs) of pharyngo‐oesophageal segment opening and intraballoon pressure drop (mmHg) were evaluated.ResultsFunctional lumen imaging probe could be passed through the pharyngo‐oesophageal segment in seven subjects, all of whom completed the protocol. During distensions, pharyngo‐oesophageal segment cross‐sectional area increased significantly (19.47–148.3 mm2, P < 0.001), and intraballoon pressure increased significantly (15‐ to 20‐mL balloon volume, P = 0.005). Pharyngo‐oesophageal segment diameter (5.1 mm) increased during dry (7.4 mm), 5‐mL (7.3 mm) and 10‐mL (7.7 mm) liquid swallows (P = 0.018). Pharyngo‐oesophageal segment opening duration varied across dry (1 s), 5‐mL (0.8 s) and 10‐mL (1.6 s) liquid swallows. Resting intraballoon pressure (25.5 mmHg) did not alter significantly during swallowing (P = 0.656).ConclusionFunctional lumen imaging probe provides novel quantitative information regarding pharyngo‐oesophageal segment distensibility and opening during swallowing in adults post total laryngectomy. No adverse events were observed in this first clinical study. Data were easy to acquire, and measures may direct candidacy for and establish effectiveness of interventions to alter pharyngo‐oesophageal segment tone.
Sensitization to omeprazole in the occupational setting
Authors: Ghatan Per Hamid , Marcusson‐Ståhl Maritha , Matura Mihaly , Björkheden Carol , Lundborg Per , Cederbrant Karin 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundOmeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of gastric acid‐related disorders. In recent years, reports of dermatitis upon exposure to omeprazole during manufacture have been noted.ObjectiveTo present diagnostic findings in workers who reported suspected hypersensitivity reactions resulting from occupational exposure to omeprazole.MethodsNinety‐six workers exposed to omeprazole during the manufacturing process underwent investigation by the AstraZeneca Occupational Health Centre (Södertälje, Sweden) for suspected allergy. All subjects underwent a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and a skin test within 6 months of the clinical reaction. Predictive tests on guinea‐pigs were conducted to establish omeprazole's sensitizing potential.ResultsThirty‐one subjects with clinical symptoms had a positive LTT result. Twenty‐eight subjects had positive patch test results; of these, 23 also had a positive LTT result (sensitivity of the LTT: 82%). Fifty‐six subjects had negative patch test results; 46 of these had a negative LTT result (specificity: 82%). All subjects who underwent prick testing (n = 18) had negative results. Delayed contact hypersensitivity was observed in 18 of 20 test animals.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the risk of sensitization to omeprazole from occupational exposure. They are of importance for the development of new formulations of omeprazole, or its enantiomers, in light of the potential for inducing skin allergy.
Analysis of cell growth and gene expression of porcine adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as nuclear donor cell
Authors: Oh Hyun Ju , Park Jung Eun , Park Eun Jung , Kim Min Jung , Kim Geon A , Rhee Sang Ho , Lim Sang Hyun , Kang Sung Keun , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: October 2014

In several laboratory animals and humans, adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) are of considerable interest because they are easy to harvest and can generate a huge proliferation of cells from a small quantity of fat. In this study, we investigated: (i) the expression patterns of reprogramming‐related genes in porcine ASC; and (ii) whether ASC can be a suitable donor cell type for generating cloned pigs. For these experiments, ASC, adult skin fibroblasts (AF) and fetal fibroblasts (FF) were derived from a 4‐year‐old female miniature pig. The ASC expressed cell‐surface markers characteristic of stem cells, and underwent in vitro differentiation when exposed to specific differentiation‐inducing conditions. Expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 in ASC was similar to that in AF, but the highest expression of the DNMT3B gene was observed in ASC. The expression of OCT4 was significantly higher in FF and ASC than in AF (P < 0.05), and SOX2 showed significantly higher expression in ASC than in the other two cell types (P < 0.05). After somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the development rate of cloned embryos derived from ASC was comparable to the development of those derived using FF. Total cell numbers of blastocysts derived using ASC and FF were significantly higher than in embryos made with AF. The results demonstrated that ASC used for SCNT have a potential comparable to those of AF and FF in terms of embryo in vitro development and blastocyst formation.
Association between impairment, function, and daily life task management in children and adolescents with autism
Authors: Kao Ying‐Chia , Kramer Jessica M , Liljenquist Kendra , Coster Wendy J 
Published: October 2014

AimThis cross‐sectional study examined whether impairments or functional skills are associated with the level of responsibility for life tasks for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).MethodParents of 263 children and adolescents with ASDs (215 males; 48 females; mean age 12y 6mo [SD 4y 6mo], range 3–21y) completed an online survey that included the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory‐Computer Adaptive Test – Autism Spectrum Disorders (PEDI‐CAT‐ASD) Daily Activities, Social/Cognitive, and Responsibility domains, a demographic questionnaire, and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Current. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework guided the selection of model variables. We used hierarchical multiple regression to examine the relationship between impairment and functional skill predictor variables and the outcome variable, Responsibility. Age was entered in step 1 to control for the impact of development. SCQ Current, IQ, and remaining PEDI‐CAT‐ASD domains were then entered in step 2.ResultsAfter controlling for age, the model showed that step 2 predictor variables representing both impairments and functional skill improved the model (p<0.001). All variables except the SCQ score were significant predictors of Responsibility. The variance explained by the Daily Activities (2.7%) and Social/Cognitive (4.8%) domain scores was greater than IQ (0.3%).InterpretationThe functional skills of Daily Activities and Social/Cognitive domains were more strongly associated with the management of life tasks than impairments after controlling for age.
Traumatic dental injuries as reported during school hours in Bergen
Authors: Skeie Marit S. , Evjensvold Trine , Hoff Thu Hue , Bårdsen Asgeir 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsTo identify existing guidelines for managing traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the schools of Bergen, to ascertain the frequency of occurrence of such injuries, and to estimate the need for further information among teachers and school administrators.Material and methodsThe study, undertaken among teachers and school administrators of elementary and lower secondary schools in Bergen municipality, was questionnaire‐based and included a cross section of staff. The structured short questionnaire included items registering TDIs during 2009, existence of routines or guidelines for managing TDIs, previous relevant training, and request for TDI education or information. The statistical methods included frequency tables and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 73%. The incidence proportion of TDIs was measured to 0.74% of children at risk, varying according to children's classes (peak at third class: 1.68% of children in the population). No schools had adequate written guidelines for handling TDIs. Previous education on the subject was scarce. In 20 schools, there was no perceived need for TDI‐related education or information. The schools’ routines for TDI reporting, who was in charge of the reporting, acquired TDI education and expressed need for TDI information or education, did not influence the number of reported TDI cases.ConclusionThis study has produced reliable information that schools in the municipality of Bergen could improve ways of reporting and managing TDIs. As teachers with skills in handling TDIs could help to improve the prognosis for injured teeth, some types of educational intervention in schools should be launched.
Use of contact chemical cues in prey discrimination by Cerceris fumipennis
Authors: Rutledge Claire E. , Silk Peter J. , Mayo Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) uses a wide range of adult buprestid beetles to provision nests. Wasps seldom make ‘mistakes’ and attack beetles in other families. Bioassays showed that the wasps use contact chemical cues in the beetles’ epicuticle to discriminate buprestids from other beetles. Wasps rejected buprestids that had their cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) removed by being washed in solvents. The washed, rejected buprestids became acceptable to 70% of wasps when they were coated with an extract of buprestids’ own CHC. Washed buprestids coated with extracts of non‐buprestid beetle CHC were not accepted. Analyses of buprestid CHC profiles showed that they are relatively simple, consisting of five classes. Other coleopteran families that may co‐occur in the arboreal hunting habitat of C. fumipennis have a broader range of CHC classes. Experiments adding buprestid hydrocarbons to a non‐buprestid beetle, unwashed Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), suggested that wasps may be deterred by the presence of CHC classes not found in Buprestidae. Adding a synthesized dimethyl‐branched hydrocarbon, a class of CHC found in Chrysomelidae but not Buprestidae, to the cuticle of unwashed buprestid beetles, caused wasps to reject the buprestid beetles. We propose that CHC act as a kairomone for C. fumipennis, triggering attack, whereas classes of CHC not found in Buprestidae disrupt this response, and thus help to determine the prey range of the wasp.
Implications of short‐range spatial variation of soil bulk density for adequate field‐sampling protocols: methodology and results from two contrasting soils
Authors: Lark R. M. , Rawlins B. G. , Robinson D. A. , Lebron I. , Tye A. M. 
Published: October 2014

SummarySoil bulk density (BD) is measured during soil monitoring. Because it is spatially variable, an appropriate sampling protocol is required. This paper shows how information on short‐range variability can be used to quantify uncertainty of estimates of meanBDand soil organic carbon on a volumetric basis (SOCv) at a sampling site with different sampling intensities. We report results from two contrasting study areas, with mineral soil and with peat. More sites should be investigated to develop robust protocols for national‐scale monitoring, but these results illustrate the methodology. A 20×20‐m2monitoring site was considered and sampling protocols were evaluated under geostatistical models of our two study areas. At sites with local soil variability comparable to our mineral soil, sampling at 16 points (4×4 square grid of interval 5 m) would achieve a root mean square error (RMSE) of the sample mean value of bothBDandSOCvof less than 5% of the mean (topsoil and subsoil). Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) gave predictions of mean soilBDat a sample site, comparable to our study area on mineral soil, with similar precision to a single direct measurement ofBD. On peat soils comparable to our second study area, the meanBDfor the monitoring site at depth 0–50 cm would be estimated withRMSEto be less than 5% of the mean with a sample of 16 cores, but at greater depths this criterion cannot be achieved with 25 cores or fewer.
Assessing the usage potential of SoilGen2 to predict clay translocation under forest and agricultural land uses
Authors: Finke P. A. , Samouëlian A. , Suarez‐Bonnet M. , Laroche B. , Cornu S. S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryLong‐term impacts of climate evolution and agricultural management on soil properties and thus soil functioning must be assessed by modelling studies. We focus on modelling of the clay depth distribution as a result of natural soil formation and agricultural management by using the soil genesis model SoilGen2 with loess‐derived Luvisols in northern France. An essential first step is the calibration of the processes concerning clay leaching (lessivage) in this model, for which we propose a reproducible method consisting of a screening for a realistic parameter range, a sensitivity analysis and finally a model calibration. To be able to separate the effects of natural soil evolution and more recent agricultural activities, we calibrated the model firstly on natural soils still under forest. Four parameters were the most sensitive and in need of calibration, representing the volume fraction of the soil in contact with macropores, a filter coefficient and physical weathering producing clay‐sized particles. These parameters were successfully calibrated, but independent validations at Belgian and Norwegian sites with Albeluvisols and Stagnosols developed in loess and marine clay did not always show an improvement on earlier calibrations. This can be related to several factors, most importantly the dominance of processes other than lessivage in Albeluvisols and uncertain reconstructions of the climate. After calibration, a functional sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the effect of agricultural management on lessivage. Clear effects on clay loss in the topsoil were found for the length of the crop‐cover period and the ploughing depth and to a lesser extent for the intensity of soil mixing and the interception evaporation of the crops. As it is not feasible to reconstruct these factors for the entire period of agriculture in this region (several millennia), further analysis should take the form of scenario studies, but this should be preceded by use of field leaching experiments to calibrate SoilGen2 over short time‐scales.
Coloration, Paternity, and Assortative Mating in Western Bluebirds
Authors: Jacobs Anne C. , Fair Jeanne M. , Zuk Marlene 
Published: October 2014

AbstractColoration in birds can act as an important sexual signal in males, yet in many species, both sexes display bright colors. Social selection may account for this pattern, with more brightly colored individuals pairing together on the best territories. Mutual mate choice may also explain this, as males investing a great deal of parental care in the offspring should be choosy about their social mates. It is less clear whether this pattern of mate choice can apply to extra‐pair partners as well. We examined western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) to determine whether more colorful individuals tended to pair with one another, both in social pairs and between females and their extra‐pair partners. Both male and female western bluebirds display both UV‐blue structural plumage and a melanin‐based chestnut breast patch, although females are duller than males. Social pairs mated assortatively with regard to UV‐blue brightness, but not chestnut coloration. There was no evidence that extra‐pair partners mated assortatively, but males with brighter UV‐blue coloration had fewer extra‐pair offspring in their nests. Older males were more successful at siring extra‐pair offspring, despite displaying no differences in coloration compared to younger males. Coloration did not play a role in determining extra‐pair male success. These results suggest that coloration plays a role in the formation of social pairs, but not mate choice for extra‐pair partners.
Leptin of dermal adipose tissue is differentially expressed during the hair cycle and contributes to adipocyte‐mediated growth inhibition of anagen‐phase vibrissa hair
Authors: Yang Chao‐Chun , Sheu Hamm‐Ming , Chung Pei‐Lun , Chang Chung‐Hsing , Tsai Yau‐Sheng , Hughes Michael W. , Tuan Tai‐Lan , Huang Lynn L. H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdipose tissue encircles the lower portion of anagen hair follicles and may regulate hair cycle progression. As leptin is a major adipokine, its level of expression from the dermal white adipose tissue during hair cycle progression was studied. The result shows that leptin level is differentially expressed during hair cycle, the lowest in early anagen phase, upregulated in late anagen phase and the highest in the telogen phase. On the other hand, leptin receptor is detected in keratin 15‐positive hair bulge epithelium of both anagen‐ and telogen‐phase hair follicles of mice pelage and vibrissa hair, and hair from human scalp. Leptin contributes to adipocyte‐mediated growth inhibition of anagen‐phase vibrissa hair as demonstrated in organ culture and coculture system. Our data suggest that leptin of dermal white adipose tissue might regulate hair growth and, therefore, hair cycle progression via leptin receptor on the hair follicle epithelium.
Characterization of the novel Sezary lymphoma cell line BKP1
Authors: Boudjarane John , Essaydi Arnaud , Farnault Laure , Popovici Cornel , Lafage‐Pochitaloff Marina , Beaufils Nathalie , Berda‐Haddad Yaël , Lacroix Romaric , Nicolino‐Brunet Corinne , Le Treut Thérèse , Zattara Hélène , Gabert Jean , Kahn‐Perlès Brigitte , Costello Régis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphomas primarily involving the skin. The most common types are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS). We report a novel long‐term fast‐growing SS line termed BKP1 that was characterized by flow cytometry (FC), conventional and molecular cytogenetic [FISH/multi‐FISH together with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)]. FC immunophenotype of the BKP1 is CD2+CD5+CD3+CD4+CD8−CD7−CD25−CD26−CD30−CD158k+. The TCRγ characterization of BKP1 by PCR identified a clonal rearrangement. The conventional cytogenetic and Multi‐FISH analysis showed complex chromosomal rearrangements. aCGH analysis highlighted the loss of genes involved in cell cycle control, in immune response (HLA, complement complex) and DNA damage repair mechanisms. The BKP1 is another lymphoma cell line thoroughly characterized that can be a valuable tool for both basic and applied research such as identification of deregulated genes and/or pathways and screening for new antilymphoma drugs.
Development and heritability of subcortical brain volumes at ages 9 and 12
Authors: Swagerman S. C. , Brouwer R. M. , de Geus E. J. C. , Hulshoff Pol H. E. , Boomsma D. I. 
Published: October 2014

Subcortical brain structures are involved in a variety of cognitive and emotional functions and follow different trajectories of increase and decrease in volume from childhood to adulthood. The heritability of development of subcortical brain volumes during adolescence has not been studied comprehensively. In a longitudinal twin study, we estimated to what extent subcortical brain volumes are influenced by genetic factors at ages 9 and 12. In addition, we assessed whether new genes are expressed at age 12 and whether there is evidence for genotype by sex interaction. Brain scans were acquired for 112 and 89 twin pairs at 9 and 12 years of age. In both boys and girls, there was an increase in volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and pallidum, and a decrease in volumes of the caudate and nucleus accumbens. The putamen showed a decrease in boys bilaterally and an increase in girls in the left hemisphere. Heritability was high (>50%) for all structures – except for the left nucleus accumbens – with heritabilities ranging from 0.50 to 0.91 at age 9, and from 0.59 to 0.88 at age 12. There were no significant new genetic effects coming into play at age 12, and there was no evidence for genotype by sex interactions. These findings suggest that despite their sensitivity to environmental effects, the heritability of subcortical brain structures is high from childhood on, resembling estimates found in adult samples.