bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innocent Cardiac Murmur in Puppies: Prevalence, Correlation with Hematocrit, and Auscultation Characteristics
Authors: Szatmári V. , van Leeuwen M.W. , Teske E. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of innocent cardiac murmurs in clinically healthy puppies, to investigate a possible correlation between the presence of an innocent murmur and hematocrit, and to describe the auscultation characteristics of innocent murmurs.HypothesisLower hematocrit contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs.AnimalsFive hundred and eighty‐four client‐owned clinically healthy puppies, between 20 and 108 days old.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional surveys with a 1‐year (n = 389 pups) pilot and a half‐year (n = 195 pups) principal study periods. Cardiac auscultation was performed by a single, board‐certified cardiologist. Hematocrit was measured with an automatized hematology analyzer. Echocardiography was performed only on puppies with a cardiac murmur in the principal study.ResultsIn the pilot study, 15% of the dogs had a murmur. Innocent murmur was diagnosed in 28% of the 195 dogs in the principal study. Innocent murmurs were systolic, mostly with a musical character and with a maximal intensity of 2 of 6, and mostly with the point of maximal intensity in the left cardiac base. The hematocrit was significantly lower in the group with a murmur compared to the group without (P= .023).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInnocent murmur was a common finding in puppies at the age when the first veterinary controls usually take place. Physiologic anemia contributes to the genesis of innocent murmurs in puppies. Rising hematocrit in growing puppies can explain the spontaneous disappearance of innocent murmurs with aging. Hematocrit did not differentiate innocent murmurs from abnormal murmurs.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Merveille A.‐C. , Bolen G. , Krafft E. , Roels E. , Gomart S. , Etienne A.‐L. , Clercx C. , Mc Entee K. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundEarly recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.HypothesisPulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predictCHF.AnimalsNinety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs withDMVD.MethodsProspective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I,IIorIII. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. ThePV/PAwas measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.ResultsInterobserver coefficients of variation forPV/PAacquisition and measurement were <10%. ThePV/PAin control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence ofCHFcould be best predicted by measuringPV/PAin 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98;CI, 0.97–0.98;P< .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.Conclusion and clinical importanceThePV/PAis a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs inCHFfrom asymptomatic dogs withDMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whetherPV/PAmight provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment ofCHFin dogs in a critical care setting.
Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Dogs With Sepsis Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Cortellini S. , Pelligand L. , Syme H. , Chang Y.M. , Adamantos S. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and its use has not been evaluated in dogs with sepsis.AnimalsFifteen dogs with sepsis requiring laparotomy (study dogs) and 10 dogs undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc disease (control dogs).ObjectiveTo determine whether NGAL increases in dogs with sepsis undergoing emergency laparotomy and whether it is correlated with development of AKI and survival.MethodsLongitudinal study conducted at a referral teaching hospital. Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (sNGAL), urinary NGAL normalized to urinary creatinine concentration (UNCR), and serum creatinine concentration were measured at 4 time points (admission, after anesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postsurgery). Development of AKI (increase in serum creatinine concentration of 0.3 mg/dL) and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Linear mixed‐model analysis was employed to assess differences between groups over time. Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed for comparison of continuous variables between groups and Chi square or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess correlation between discrete data.ResultsSerum NGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in study dogs across all time points (P = .007 and P < .001, respectively) compared with controls. Urinary NGAL normalized to creatinine in the study group was not significantly different between survivors (n = 12) and nonsurvivors (n = 3). Dogs that received hydroxyethyl starch had significantly higher UNCR across all time points (P = .04) than those that did not.Discussion—ConclusionSerum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and UNCR are increased in dogs with sepsis requiring emergency laparotomy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its role as a marker of AKI in this population.
Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine in horses after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single‐dose administration
Authors: Bianco A. W. , Constable P. D. , Cooper B. R. , Taylor S. D. 
Published: September 2015

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an integral component of equine analgesia, yet currently available NSAIDs are both limited in their analgesic efficacy and have adverse effects. The NSAID ketorolac tromethamine (KT) is widely used in humans as a potent morphine‐sparing analgesic drug but has not been fully evaluated in horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of KT in horses after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and oral (p.o.) administration. Nine healthy adult horses received a single 0.5‐mg/kg dose of KT via each route of administration. Plasma was collected up to 48 h postadministration and analyzed for KT concentration using HPLC/MS/MS. Noncompartmental analysis of i.v. dosage indicated a mean plasma clearance of 8.4 (mL/min)/kg and an estimated mean volume of distribution at steady‐state of 0.77 L/kg. Noncompartmental analysis of i.v., i.m., and p.o. dosages indicated mean residence times of 2.0, 2.6, and 7.1 h, respectively. The drug was rapidly absorbed after i.m. and p.o. administration, and mean bioavailability was 71% and 57% for i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. Adverse effects were not observed after i.v., i.m., and p.o. administration. More studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties of KT in horses.
Performing dialogical Dutchness: negotiating a national imaginary in parenting guidance
Authors: van Reekum Rogier , van den Berg Marguerite 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn contemporary Europe, national identities are fiercely contested and governments have sought ways to strengthen national identification. Notwithstanding this European pattern, government policies are implemented differently and belonging to the nation comes to involve different images and enactments across contexts. In the Netherlands, especially, belonging to the nation is at stake in many high‐profile public and political struggles. In this context, a pervasive public imaginary we call ‘dialogical Dutchness’ represents the Dutch as distinctly anti‐nationalist and open to difference. This raises the question whether national boundaries actually become traversable in view of such a national imaginary. How does one become a Dutch subject if Dutchness entails not being nationalist? Through the analysis of a Dutch social policy practice – state‐provided parenting courses – we show how dialogical Dutchness is negotiated and transformed in actual enactments of national difference and belonging. Although dialogical Dutchness foregrounds openness to difference and valorises discussion, it comes to perpetuate and substantiate boundaries between those who belong to the nation and those whose belonging is still in question.
Is there weak nationalism and is it a useful category?
Authors: Todorova Maria 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroducing the category ‘weak nationalism’, this article emphasises the scales of intensity and the different operational modes of nationalism across time and space, as well as within the same space. It refuses to create a model or another dichotomy – strong/weak – on a par with earlier ones like organic/civic,Eastern/Western, bad/good. Rather, it approaches nationalism as a binary variable on a scale from weak/low to strong/high. It argues to extend the research focus beyond the fixation on extreme cases to so‐called weak or weaker manifestations that remain subordinate and under‐researched, all the time stressing the changeability of nationalisms in their local context and in the course of time. While it is a category more recognisable in a common sense approach than in a strictly quantifiable one, it can be identified and comparatively evaluated by the mobilising ability of the nationalist message in the public sphere.
Redefining ‘sub‐culture’: a new lens for understanding hybrid cultural identities inEast‐CentralEurope with a case study from early 20th centuryL'viv‐Lwów‐Lemberg
Authors: Pyrah Robert , Fellerer Jan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a new definition of the term ‘subculture’, as a way of better understanding hybrid identities specific toEast‐CentralEurope, before applying this definition to a case study from the now‐Ukrainian city ofL'viv from around 1900. The first section outlines the theory, arguing that the continued focus on the nation state – either from the ‘top down’, or else the ‘bottom up’ as a source of contestation, by historians and anthropologists, has limited the ability to study groups in the interstices of the national projects that typically remain defined in monolithic ethno‐linguistic terms. It examines the theoretical term ‘subcultures’ to propose a new definition that accounts for such hybridity, by having particular sensitivity to context (historical, social, geographical) and cultural practice, in addition to any prevailing national narratives at a given time. The case study in the second section focuses on linguistic hybridity in the city then known more commonly asLemberg (German) orLwów (Polish). It argues thatLemberg/Lwów/L'viv produced an urban dialect that blendedPolish,Ukrainian,Yiddish andGerman elements. This dialect should be reassessed as a mixed, hybrid or transitional code, rather than as a linguistic variant of a titular nation. Archival evidence – in particular, court records – is quoted to show that at the lower end ofL'viv society, people routinely mixed and transcended linguistic and, thereby, ethnic and religious boundaries. This offers direct evidence of a specific subsection, or subculture, in urban life where people interacted and intermingled intensely. As such, the paper offers new possibilities for investigating ‘hybrid’ identities, as well as proposing a counterpoint to recent research focusing on deliberate indifference or opposition to national segregation for various socio‐political, economic and cultural reasons (Judson 2006: 19–65; King 2002; Zahra 2008).
Have tropicalAfrica's nationalisms continued imperialism's world revolution by other means?
Authors: Lonsdale John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany scholars argue thatEuropean imperialism shaped today's tropical Africa, for better or worse. Some imperial historians see the British empire as a fertile capitalist pioneer, kindling class‐conscious, national, politics overseas. Economists of differing persuasions can see it, to the contrary, as the engineer of an underdevelopment that strangles popular sovereignty. Together with mostAfricanist historians, this article doubts that Europe had such creative or destructive power;British rule, among others, had to respond as much toAfrican history as to metropolitan will. Anti‐colonial nationalisms, in turn, were neither class not ideological vanguards but regional coalitions. Nation‐building thereafter was an elusive aim, steered by minority visions imperfectly seen and widely disputed, from capitalism to socialism. All these complexities rest, it is widely argued, on the historic difficulty of exercising power in what was until recently an underpopulated continent with openly available resources.
‘The people want(s) to bring down the regime’: (positive) nationalism as theArabSpring's revolution
Authors: Abulof Uriel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhen and what is the nation, and nationalism, and when have both emerged in theArab world? I suggest new ways of approaching these questions, and new answers. Revisiting the ‘dating debate’,Ipropose distinguishing between negative nationalism (rejecting foreign rule) and positive nationalism (holding ‘the people’ as the source of legitimacy), the latter distinctively modern, the former not. Empirically,Iexamine these theoretical propositions in light of theArabSpring's dual revolution, vividly captured by its popular slogan: ‘The people want(s) to bring down the regime’. I submit that the manifest revolution of toppling regimes pales in comparison with the ideational revolution of engendering positive nationalism. While the former revolution has been a huge surprise, the history of theArab world abounds in precedents; conversely,Arab societies' subscription to ‘the people’ as the prime political legitimator – asserting their own inalienable political right to tell right from wrong – is novel. In that sense (positive) nationalismisthe revolution of theArabSpring, challenging both authorities and polities.
Secular Façade, Neoliberal Islamisation: Textbook Nationalism from Mubarak to Sisi
Authors: Sobhy Hania 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBeneath the secular veneer of official rhetoric, nationally unified school textbooks provide a striking image of the Islamist message promoted to young people in Egypt. While distorting the struggles and complexity of Egyptian history and heritage, the textbooks construct patriotic devotion and a form of docile ‘neoliberal Islamism’ as the route to national renaissance. They present a notion of ideal citizenship where personal piety, charity and entrepreneurship are the proposed solutions to ‘Egypt's problems’. However, to actually relieve its ‘problems’, the regime has relied on religious associations for the provision of social services, depended on significant foreign assistance and periodically activated anti‐western nationalism. This article details textbook constructions of national identity and citizenship in the late Mubarak era and reflects on whether the 2011 uprising proves their failure in securing his legitimacy. It describes key changes since 2011 and explores whether the Sisi regime is offering alternative formulas of legitimation.
Randomized controlled trial of a self‐efficacy enhancement program for the cardiac rehabilitation of Thai patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Vibulchai Nisakorn , Thanasilp Sureeporn , Preechawong Sunida 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a self‐efficacy enhancement program for the cardiac rehabilitation of Thai patients who had a myocardial infarction. Sixty‐six hospitalized patients of various ages and both genders were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Participants in the experimental group took part in three individualized in‐hospital education sessions and three weekly sessions of telephone counseling. The control group primarily engaged in a supervised exercise and activities of a daily living performance regimen, and received education in this regard. Self‐efficacy and functional status were measured via questionnaire. Four weeks after discharge, the experimental group was found to have significantly higher total self‐efficacy and functional status scores than the control group. In addition, the experimental group exhibited significantly higher subscale scores on social activity, household tasks, occupation, and exercise self‐efficacy than the control group. These results indicate that the program is effective in improving the self‐efficacy and functional status of Thai patients who have had a myocardial infarction.
Preanesthetic nurse communication with children and parents—an observational study
Authors: Perry Chris , Samuelsson Carolina , Cyna Allan M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of communication within the perioperative period is an area of increasing research interest. Suggestions are phrases or actions that can lead to subconscious nonvolitional changes in patient perception, mood, and/or behavior. Statements functioning as suggestions may induce positive or negative perceptual responses and experiences. Children and anxious patients are particularly responsive to the effects of suggestion. We aimed to identify positively and negatively worded statements used during the provision of preoperative information by nursing staff in a tertiary referral center for pediatric care.MethodsAudio recordings of preoperative consultations between nurses, children, and their parents were made between February and May 2014. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and identified positively and negatively worded suggestions. Examples of negative suggestions were, ‘he is going to be sore for a week or two’ or ‘normal to feel a bit sick….’, and a positive suggestion was ‘so she will be feeling quite comfortable…’.ResultsThere were 51 consultations transcribed and analyzed. Of the 130 suggestions independently agreed by both researchers to be either positive or negative, 40 were identified as positive (31%) and 90 negative (69%). Commonly occurring negative suggestions described: pain in 21 consultations (41%); nausea and sickness in 19 (37%); and irritability or agitation in nine (18%). Positive suggestions included a description of a return of normal activities such as eating and drinking in 14 (28%), comfort in nine (18%), and well‐being in nine (18%). Twelve consultations (24%) contained only negative suggestions, while four (8%) had only positive suggestions.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective observational study investigating the language used by nurses during the preoperative child–parent encounter. Suggestions for negative perceptual experiences were frequently used during the preoperative nurse consultations. Education of nurses regarding awareness and understanding of negative suggestions and their potential adverse effects is recommended.
An Absolutist Theory of Faultless Disagreement in Aesthetics
Authors: Baker Carl , Robson Jon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSome philosophers writing on the possibility of faultless disagreement have argued that the only way to account for the intuition that there could be disagreements which are faultless in every sense is to accept a relativistic semantics. In this article we demonstrate that this view is mistaken by constructing an absolutist semantics for a particular domain – aesthetic discourse – which allows for the possibility of genuinely faultless disagreements. We argue that this position (Humean absolutism) is an improvement over previous absolutist responses to the relativist's challenge and that it presents an independently plausible account of the semantics of aesthetic discourse.
How does the VPD response of isohydric and anisohydric plants depend on leaf surface particles?
Authors: Burkhardt J. , Pariyar S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAtmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is the driving force for plant transpiration. Plants have different strategies to respond to this ‘atmospheric drought’. Deposited aerosols on leaf surfaces can interact with plant water relations and may influence VPD response. We studied transpiration and water use efficiency of pine, beech and sunflower by measuring sap flow, gas exchange and carbon isotopes, thereby addressing different time scales of plant/atmosphere interaction. Plants were grown (i) outdoors under rainfall exclusion (OD) and in ventilated greenhouses with (ii) ambient air (AA) or (iii) filtered air (FA), the latter containing <1% ambient aerosol concentrations. In addition, some AA plants were sprayed once with 25 mM salt solution of (NH4)2SO4 or NaNO3. Carbon isotope values (δ13C) became more negative in the presence of more particles; more negative for AA compared to FA sunflower and more negative for OD Scots pine compared to other growth environments. FA beech had less negative δ13C than AA, OD and NaNO3‐treated beech. Anisohydric beech showed linearly increasing sap flow with increasing VPD. The slopes doubled for (NH4)2SO4‐ and tripled for NaNO3‐sprayed beech compared to control seedlings, indicating decreased ability to resist atmospheric demand. In contrast, isohydric pine showed constant transpiration rates with increasing VPD, independent of growth environment and spray, likely caused by decreasing gs with increasing VPD. Generally, NaNO3 spray had stronger effects on water relations than (NH4)2SO4 spray. The results strongly support the role of leaf surface particles as an environmental factor affecting plant water use. Hygroscopic and chaotropic properties of leaf surface particles determine their ability to form wicks across stomata. Such wicks enhance unproductive water loss of anisohydric plant species and decrease CO2 uptake of isohydric plants. They become more relevant with increasing number of fine particles and increasing VPD and are thus related to air pollution and climate change. Wicks cause a deviation from the analogy between CO2 and water pathways through stomata, bringing some principal assumptions of gas exchange theory into question.