bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual budget and seasonal variation of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo
Authors: Kho Lip Khoon , Malhi Yadvinder , Tan Sylvester Kheng San 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTropical forests are thought to have among the highest values of net primary productivity (NPP) on Earth, but comprehensive data on NPP have rarely been collected for tropical forests, especially outside of the Neotropics. In this study, we quantify aboveground and belowground NPP, along with additional environmental factors over a 1–2 year period in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo. The site is characterized by high annual rainfall and typically no month of the year when the forest is under water stress. We estimated the total NPP to be 15.89 ± 0.90 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 (mean ± standard error) for a forest plot on clay soils and 12.79 ± 0.68 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 for a forest plot on sandy loam soils. Of this productivity, the allocation to aboveground NPP is 81.8 ± 6.0%/80.4 ± 6.0% and to belowground NPP is 18.2 ± 3.7%/19.6 ± 2.6% on clay and sandy loam, respectively. Fine root productivity (NPPfine roots) shows stronger seasonal variation relative to other components of NPP. There is evidence suggesting interannual variation in NPPfine roots, leaf flush, NPPlitterfall, and NPPACW. This is the first attempt to describe how the biomass of a Bornean tropical forest is allocated to the various components of NPP over the seasonal cycle. The study highlights the marked seasonality of a tropical forest even under largely aseasonal environmental conditions, as well as the important effect of contrasting seasonality on different soil types.
Reconstruction of soil moisture for the past 100 years in eastern Siberia by using δ13C of larch tree rings
Authors: Tei Shunsuke , Sugimoto Atsuko , Yonenobu Hitoshi , Yamazaki Takeshi , Maximov Trofim C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) chronology for the past 100 years was developed from larch tree rings in eastern Siberia (near Yakutsk, 62°14′N, 129°37′E), to reconstruct past soil moisture water equivalent (SWE). Based on the correlation analyses between SWE and tree ring δ13C, we developed a linear regression model for SWE in the late growing period (LGP: 15 July to 31 August) using annual tree ring δ13C, which was calculated from the combination of latewood in a current year and earlywood in the following year, and then reconstructed SWE (LGP) for 1908–2007. Reconstructed SWE was compared with factors such as the output of the land surface model, annual precipitation, and Palmer Drought Severity Index for July. From the results, the reconstructed SWE appears reasonable and shows a large variation, including repeated occurrences of severe drought and an unprecedented high soil moisture event in 2006–2007 during the past 100 years. The reconstruction also captured a past documented record of severe drought in the 1940s. Despite the generally good performance of the reconstruction, by the 1930s the estimated SWE was higher than that expected from the annual precipitation. Tree ring width and δ13C were negatively correlated in most periods. However, the negative correlation was weaker for the period from 1919 to 1925, when relatively low air temperature was observed. This result suggests that the rate of photosynthesis, together with the degree of stomata opening, also affected the tree ring δ13C during cool periods.
Cross‐link stabilization does not affect the response of collagen molecules, fibrils, or tendons to tensile overload
Authors: Veres Samuel P. , Harrison Julia M. , Lee J. Michael 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether immature allysine‐derived cross‐links provide mechanically labile linkages by exploring the effects of immature cross‐link stabilization at three levels of collagen hierarchy: damaged fibril morphology, whole tendon mechanics, and molecular stability. Tendons from the tails of young adult steers were either treated with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to stabilize labile cross‐links, exposed only to the buffer used during stabilization treatment, or maintained as untreated controls. One‐half of each tendon was then subjected to five cycles of subrupture overload. Morphologic changes to collagen fibrils resulting from overload were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and changes in the hydrothermal stability of collagen molecules were assessed using hydrothermal isometric tension testing. NaBH4cross‐link stabilization did not affect the response of tendon collagen to tensile overload at any of the three levels of hierarchy studied. Cross‐link stabilization did not prevent the characteristic overload‐induced mode of fibril damage that we term discrete plasticity. Similarly, stabilization did not alter the mechanical response of whole tendons to overload, and did not prevent an overload‐induced thermal destabilization of collagen molecules. Our results indicate that hydrothermally labile cross‐links may not be as mechanically labile as was previously thought. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1907–1913, 2013
Evaluation of knee joint muscle forces and tissue stresses‐strains during gait in severe OA versus normal subjects
Authors: Adouni M. , Shirazi‐Adl A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly with the knee being the most affected weight bearing joint. We used a musculoskeletal biomechanical model of the lower extremity including a detailed validated knee joint finite element model to compute lower extremity muscle forces and knee joint stresses‐strains during the stance phase of gait. The model was driven by gait data on OA patients, and results were compared with those of the same model driven by data on normal controls. Additional analyses were performed with altered cartilage‐menisci properties to evaluate the effects of deterioration during OA. In OA patients compared to normal subjects, muscle forces dropped at nearly all stance periods except mid‐stance. Force in the anterior cruciate ligament remained overall the same. Total contact forces‐stresses deceased by about 25%. Alterations in properties due to OA had negligible effects on muscle forces, but increased contact areas and cartilage strains and reduced contact pressures. Reductions in contact stresses and increases in tissue strains and transfer of load via menisci are partly due to the altered kinetics‐kinematics of gait and partly due to deterioration in cartilage‐menisci properties in OA patients. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:69–78, 2014.
Genotypic variability for antioxidant and quality parameters among tomato cultivars, hybrids, cherry tomatoes and wild species
Authors: Kavitha Pillakenchappa , Shivashankara Kodthalu S , Rao Vala K , Sadashiva Avverahally T , Ravishankar Kundapur V , Sathish Gonchigar J 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDWide germplasm diversity and transferability of antioxidant parameters is the primary requirement for the development of high‐antioxidant tomato cultivars. The present study was conducted to screen tomato genotypes including hybrids, varieties, cherry tomatoes, wild species, elite germplasm lines, interspecific hybrids and backcross populations for antioxidant activity and other quality parameters to select high‐antioxidant lines with good total soluble solids (TSS) for further usage in crop improvement programmes.RESULTSWild species and interspecific hybrids between LA‐1777 (Solanum habrochaites) and an elite genotype 15SBSB recorded very high antioxidant capacity (FRAP), DPPH radical‐scavenging ability, and high phenols and flavonoids. Interspecific hybrids also recorded very high total soluble solids (TSS). Significantly higher total carotenoids, lycopene and vitamin C were observed in IIHR‐249‐1 with moderately higher TSS. Cherry tomato lines IIHR‐2866, 2865 and 2864 recorded four to five times more β‐carotene than commercial hybrids/varieties.CONCLUSIONTomato line IIHR‐249‐1 can be used for improving antioxidant capacity, total carotenoids and lycopene in tomato breeding programmes. Cherry tomato lines IIHR‐2866, 2865 and 2864 can be used for improving β‐carotene content. LA‐1777 and interspecific hybrids could be used for developing tomato lines rich in antioxidants as well as TSS. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of a New Method of Warfarin Management on Patient Satisfaction, Time, and Cost
Authors: Meyer Sarah , Frei Christopher R. , Daniels Kelly R. , Forcade Nicolas A. , Bussey Marie , Bussey‐Smith Kristin L. , Bussey Henry I. 
Published: August 2013

Study ObjectiveInternational normalized ratio self‐testing with online remote monitoring and management (STORM2) is an alternative to anticoagulation clinic management, but the patient's perspective of this method has not been evaluated in the United States; thus we sought to evaluate the impact of STORM2 on patient satisfaction, time, and cost.DesignProspective pre‐ and postintervention study.SettingFreestanding clinical research center.PatientsForty‐three patients treated with long‐term warfarin therapy and monitored initially in the anticoagulation clinic setting and then with STORM2, referred from 11 medical practices.InterventionPatients were asked to complete a survey and the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS) before (at baseline) and after at least 3 months of STORM2 (at follow‐up).Measurements and Main ResultsPatient satisfaction and time were assessed by survey and the DASS. Costs were measured from the patient's perspective. Overall 90% of responders preferred STORM2 to traditional clinic management. The DASS questions indicated that patients were more satisfied with their anticoagulation treatment and more likely to recommend oral anticoagulation to a friend after experiencing STORM2. In addition, patients found STORM2 to be less complicated and more convenient than traditional clinic management. For each traditional monthly visit, patients drove 20 miles and expended a total of 1.8 hours; using 55¢/mile for mileage reimbursement and $15/hour for lost wages, the cost for each visit was $38. The total cost for four STORM2 visits per month was $10, for a net savings of $28 per patient per month. A total of 76% of patients were willing to pay additional money to eliminate a monthly clinic visit.ConclusionSTORM2 is more convenient, less complicated, preferred by patients, and saves patients time and money compared with clinic management.
Structural requirements for enzymatic activities of foamy virus protease‐reverse transcriptase
Authors: Schneider Anna , Peter Daniel , Schmitt Jessica , Leo Berit , Richter Franziska , Rösch Paul , Wöhrl Birgitta M. , Hartl Maximilian J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTReverse transcriptases (RTs) are pivotal in the life cycle of retroviruses and convert the genomic viral RNA into double‐stranded DNA. The RT polymerase domain is subdivided into fingers, palm, thumb, and the connection subdomain, which links the polymerase to the C‐terminal RNase H domain. In contrast to orthoretroviruses, mature RT of foamy viruses harbors the protease (PR) domain at its N‐terminus (PR‐RT). Therefore and due to low homology to other RTs, it is difficult to define the boundaries and functions of the (sub)domains. We introduced N‐ and C‐terminal deletions into simian foamy virus PR‐RT to investigate the impact of the truncations on the catalytic activities. Both, the RNase H domain and the connection subdomain contribute substantially to polymerase integrity and stability as well as to polymerase activity and substrate binding. The 42 amino acids long region C‐terminal of the PR is important for polymerase stability and activity. PR activation via binding of PR‐RT to viral RNA requires the presence of the full length PR‐RT including the RNase H domain. In vitro, the cleavage efficiencies of FV PR for the Gag and Pol cleavage site are comparable, even though in virus particles only the Pol site is cleaved to completion suggesting that additional factors control PR activity and that virus maturation needs to be strictly regulated. Proteins 2014; 82:375–385. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that apo‐HisJ can sample a closed conformation
Authors: Chu B. C. H. , Chan D. I. , DeWolf T. , Periole X. , Vogel H. J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe Escherichia coli histidine binding protein HisJ is a type II periplasmic binding protein (PBP) that preferentially binds histidine and interacts with its cytoplasmic membrane ABC transporter, HisQMP2, to initiate histidine transport. HisJ is a bilobal protein where the larger Domain 1 is connected to the smaller Domain 2 via two linking strands. Type II PBPs are thought to undergo “Venus flytrap” movements where the protein is able to reversibly transition from an open to a closed conformation. To explore the accessibility of the closed conformation to the apo state of the protein, we performed a set of all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of HisJ starting from four different conformations: apo‐open, apo‐closed, apo‐semiopen, and holo‐closed. The simulations reveal that the closed conformation is less dynamic than the open one. HisJ experienced closing motions and explored semiopen conformations that reverted to closed forms resembling those found in the holo‐closed state. Essential dynamics analysis of the simulations identified domain closing/opening and twisting as main motions. The formation of specific inter‐hinge strand and interdomain polar interactions contributed to the adoption of the closed apo‐conformations although they are up to 2.5‐fold less prevalent compared with the holo‐closed simulations. The overall sampling of the closed form by apo‐HisJ provides a rationale for the binding of unliganded PBPs with their cytoplasmic membrane ABC transporters. Proteins 2014; 82:386–398. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Triacylglycerol by HPLC–ELSD inChlamydomonas reinhardtiiandChlorellaStrains
Authors: Kobayashi Naoko , Noel Eric A. , Barnes Austin , Rosenberg Julian , DiRusso Concetta , Black Paul , Oyler George A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTriacylglycerol (TAG) analysis and quantification are commonly performed by first obtaining a purified TAG fraction from a total neutral lipid extract using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), and then analyzing the fatty acid composition of the purified TAG fraction by gas chromatography (GC). This process is time‐consuming, labor intensive and is not suitable for analysis of small sample sizes or large numbers. A rapid and efficient method for monitoring oil accumulation in algae using high performance liquid chromatography for separation of all lipid classes combined with detection by evaporative light scattering (HPLC–ELSD) was developed and compared to the conventional TLC/GC method. TAG accumulation in twoChlamydomonas reinhardtii(21 gr and CC503) and threeChlorellastrains (UTEX 1230, CS01 and UTEX 2229) grown under conditions of nitrogen depletion was measured. The TAG levels were found to be 3–6 % DW (Chlamydomonasstrains) and 7–12 % DW (Chlorellastrains) respectively by both HPLC–ELSD and TLC/GC methods. HPLC–ELSD resolved the major lipid classes such as carotenoids, TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG), free fatty acids, phospholipids, and galactolipids in a 15‐min run. Quantitation of TAG content was based on comparison to calibration curves of trihexadecanoin (16:0 TAG) and trioctadecadienoin (18:2 TAG) and showed linearity from 0.2 to 10 μg. Algal TAG levels >0.5 μg/g DW were detectable by this method. Furthermore TAG content inChlorella kessleriUTEX 2229 could be detected. TAG as well as DAG and TAG content were estimated at 1.6 % DW by HPLC–ELSD, while it was undetectable by TLC/GC method.
Characterization of the Volatile, Phenolic and Antioxidant Properties of Monovarietal Olive Oil Obtained from cv. Halhali
Authors: Kesen Songul , Kelebek Hasim , Selli Serkan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVolatile and phenolic compositions of olive oil obtained from the cv. Halhali were investigated in the present study. Fruits were harvested at the optimum maturity stage of ripeness and immediately processed with cold press. Simultaneous distillation/extraction (SDE) with dichloromethane was applied to the analysis of volatile compounds of olive oil. Sensory analysis showed that the aromatic extract obtained by SDE was representative of olive oil odour. In the olive oil, 40 and 44 volatile components were identified and quantified in 2010 and 2012 year, respectively. The total amount of volatile compounds was 18,007 and 19,178 μg kg−1 for 2010 and 2012, respectively. Of these, 11 compounds in the 2010 and 12 in the 2012 harvest presented odour activity values (OAVs) greater than 1, with 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl‐3‐methyl butanoate, (E)‐2‐heptenal and (E,Z)‐2,4‐decadienal being those with the highest OAVs in olive oil. The high‐performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with diode‐array detection was used to identify and quantify phenolic compounds of the olive oil. A total of 14 phenolic compounds in both years were identified and quantified in olive oil. The major phenolic compounds that were identified in both years were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, elenolic acid, luteolin, and apigenin. Antioxidant activity of olive oil was measured using the DPPH and ABTS methods.
Scientific education early in the curriculum using a constructivist approach on
learning
Authors: Vereijken M. W. C. , Kruidering-Hall M. , De Jong P. G. M. , De Beaufort A. J. , Dekker F. W. 
Published: August 2013

Physicians need to stay up-to-date with new developments in their field of
expertise. This expectation has been made explicit by competency-based educational
outcomes in the domain of scholar in the Dutch blueprint. There is a great diversity in
teaching methods that aim to achieve a better understanding of scientific knowledge.
Applying a constructivist approach to learning in acquiring research competencies we
wonder how a research-intensive course is evaluated early in the curriculum and what
learning gain students perceive. In a collaborative research-intensive course, the class
of 300s-year students rated the quality of 150 preselected randomized controlled trials
(RCT) using JAMA Users’ Guides, and the pharmaceutical advertisements in which they were
referenced. Each student rated two RCTs. Data were analyzed to answer a relevant
research question. After the course students completed an evaluation survey. We did this
in five consecutive years to capture student experience in relation to fostering a
scientific mindset (n = 1,500). In addition we studied outcome of this scientific
mindset as scientific output (publications) in journals. Survey data indicate that it is
feasible to successfully implement a research-intensive course based on a large cohort
using a constructivist paradigm early in the curriculum. Students consider it
challenging and report high learning gain in several domains.
Behavioral Predictors of Outpatient Mental Health Service Utilization Within 6 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents
Authors: Kurowski Brad G. , Wade Shari L. , Kirkwood Michael W. , Brown Tanya M. , Stancin Terry , Taylor H. Gerry 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo characterize utilization of mental health services and determine the ability of a behavior problem and clinical functioning assessment to predict utilization of such services within the first 6 months after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in a large cohort of adolescents.DesignMulticenter cross‐sectional study.SettingOutpatient setting of 4 tertiary pediatric hospitals, 2 tertiary general medical centers, and 1 specialized children's hospital.ParticipantsAdolescents age 12‐17 years (n = 132), 1‐6 months after moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury.MethodsLogistic regression was used to determine the association of mental health service utilization with clinical functioning as assessed by the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale and behavior problems assessed by the Child Behavioral Checklist.Main Outcome MeasurementMental health service utilization measured by the Service Assessment for Children and Adolescents.ResultsBehavioral or functional impairment occurred in 37%‐56%. Of the total study population, 24.2% reported receiving outpatient mental health services, 8.3% reported receiving school services, and 28.8% reported receiving any type of mental health service. Use of any (school or outpatient) mental health service was associated with borderline to impaired total Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (odds ratio 3.50 [95% confidence interval, 1.46‐8.40]; P < .01) and the Child Behavioral Checklist Total Competence (odds ratio 5.08 [95% confidence interval, 2.02‐12.76]; P < .01).ConclusionsA large proportion of participants had unmet mental health needs. Both the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale and the Child Behavioral Checklist identified individuals who would likely benefit from mental health services in outpatient or school settings. Future research should focus on methods to ensure early identification by health care providers of adolescents with traumatic brain injury in need of mental health services.
Perceptions of Inpatient Rehabilitation Changes After the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service 2010 Regulatory Updates Contrasted With Actual Performance
Authors: Riggs Richard V. , Roberts Pamela S. , DiVita Margaret A. , Niewczyk Paulette , Granger Carl V. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo compare and contrast subjective perceptions with objective compliance of the impact of the 2010 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service updates of the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual.Design or SettingCross‐sectional survey.Participants and MethodsAn electronic survey was sent by the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation to all enrolled inpatient rehabilitation facility subscribers (n = 817). The survey was sent April 15, 2011, and responses were tabulated if they were received by May 15, 2011.Main Outcome MeasurementsComparing and contrasting of the subjective perception to objective evaluation and/or compliance with the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual on case mix index, length of stay, admissions by diagnostic category as well as perception of preadmission screening, postadmission evaluation, plan of care, and interdisciplinary conferencing.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of the 817 facilities responded, for a total of 209 responses. Complete data were present in 148 of the respondents. For most diagnostic categories, perception of change did not mirror reality of change; neither did the perception between change in case mix index and length of stay. Perception did match reality in stroke and multiple trauma cases; respondents perceived an increase in admissions for the 2 impairments, and there was an overall increase in reality.ConclusionComparison with actual data identified that gaps exist between diagnostic category perceptions and actual diagnostic category admission performance. Regulations such as the 75%‐60% rule and audit focus on non‐neurologic conditions as well as actual inpatient rehabilitation facility program payment reports may have influenced respondents perceptions to change associated with the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual modifications. This disparity between perception and actual data may have implications for programmatic planning, forecasting, and resource allocation.