bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Microencapsulation of Fish Oil with Gum Arabic/Casein/Beta‐Cyclodextrin Mixtures by Spray Drying
Authors: Li Junjie , Xiong Shanbai , Wang Fang , Regenstein Joe M. , Liu Ru 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFish oil was encapsulated with gum arabic/casein/beta‐cyclodextrin mixtures using spray drying. The processing parameters (solids concentration of the barrier solutions, ratio of oil to barrier materials, emulsifying temperature, and air inlet temperature) were optimized based on emulsion viscosity, emulsion stability, encapsulation efficiency, and yield. A suitable viscosity and high emulsion stability could increase encapsulation efficiency and yield. Encapsulation efficiency and yield were significantly affected by all the 4 parameters. Based on the results of orthogonal experiments, encapsulation efficiency and yield reached a maximum of 79.6% and 55.6%, respectively, at the optimal condition: solids concentration of 35%, ratios of oil to barrier materials of 3:7, emulsifying temperature of 55 °C, and air inlet temperature of 220 °C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that fish oil microcapsules were nearly spherical with a smooth surface with droplet size ranging from 1 to 10 μm.
Characterization of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Chinese Rice Wine Fermented from Enzymatic Extruded Rice
Authors: Xu Enbo , Long Jie , Wu Zhengzong , Li Hongyan , Wang Fang , Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu , Jiao Aiquan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEnzymatic extrusion, instead of traditional steam cooking, to treat rice is an efficient and alternative pretreatment for Chinese rice wine fermentation. In order to determine the formation of volatiles in enzymatic extrusion‐processed rice wine (EE), and to confirm its characteristic flavor compounds, headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction followed by GC–MS was used. A total of 66 volatile compounds were identified in EE. During fermentation, most volatiles generated from enzymatic extruded rice had the similar trends with those from steam‐cooked rice, but the differences in the concentration of volatiles indicated a changed balance of flavors release caused by enzymatic extrusion. Besides, the concentrations and sorts of volatiles in EEs fermented from different rice particle sizes, were not dramatically different. By principal component analysis, EE could be distinctly separated from other traditional Chinese rice wines according to its characteristic volatiles, namely, 2‐heptanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, methylpentyl 2‐propenoate, γ‐hexalactone, and 4‐vinylguaiacol.
Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Internal Cardioversion with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Device for Atrial Fibrillation in Systolic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Sunman Hamza , Aytemir Kudret , Yorgun Hikmet , Canpolat Uğur , Yalçin Muhammet Ulvi , Maharjan Naresh , Asil Serkan , Şahiner Levent , Kaya Barış , Özer Necla , Oto Ali 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) commonly observed in patients with heart failure and cardioversion was often needed to restore the sinus rhythm. Previously, there is no study evaluating usefulness of internal cardioversion with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) device. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and long‐term effects of internal cardioversion with ICD devices compared to conventional external cardioversion in patients with AF and heart failure.MethodsSeventy patients with AF and heart failure who underwent electrical cardioversion were enrolled in the study. Forty patients (mean age 65.36 ± 10.37, 35 male) were assigned to undergo internal cardioversion with approximately 35 J shocks delivered through the ICD electrode. Standard external cardioversion was performed for the remaining patients (30 patients; mean age 66.20 ± 11.89; 24 male) that were similar with regard to baseline, and electrocardiographic characteristics.ResultsSinus rhythm was restored in 32 of 40 patients (80.0%) assigned to internal cardioversion compared with 25 of 30 patients (83.3%) assigned to external cardioversion (P = 0.725). We did not witness any serious complication during the procedure and hospitalization. On the follow‐up, there was no statistically significant difference in recurrence of AF and incidence of major cardiovascular events between the internal and external cardioversion groups.ConclusionsInternal cardioversion with ICD device is an effective and safe method to restore sinus rhythm in heart failure patients with AF.
Electrocardiographic P‐Wave Duration, QT Interval, T Peak to End Interval and Tp‐e/QT Ratio in Pregnancy with Respect to Trimesters
Authors: Tanindi Asli , Akgun Nilufer , Pabuccu Emre Goksan , Gursoy Aslı Yarci , Yüce Ebru , Tore Hasan Fehmi , Duvan Candan Iltemir 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundP‐wave duration helps to determine the risk of atrial arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation. QT interval, T peak to end interval (Tp‐e), and Tp‐e/QT ratio are electrocardiographic indices related to ventricular repolarization which are used to determine the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We search for any alterations in electrocardiographic indices of arrhythmia in the pregnancy period with respect to trimesters.MethodsWe enrolled 154 pregnant and 62 nonpregnant, healthy women into this cross‐sectional study. Maximum and minimum P‐wave durations (Pmax, Pmin), and QT intervals (QTmax, QTmin) were measured from 12 leads. QT measurements were corrected using Fridericia (QTc‐Fr) and Bazett's (QTc‐Bz) correction. Tp‐e interval was obtained from the difference between QT interval, and QT peak interval (QTp) measured from the beginning of the QRS until the peak of the T wave. Tp‐e/QT ratio was calculated using these measurements.ResultsPmax were 93.0 ± 9.1, 93.9 ± 8.9, 97.9 ± 5.6, 99.0 ± 6.1 in nonpregnant women, first, second, third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively (P = 0.001); whereas Pmin values were not significantly different. QTc‐Fr max were 407.4 ± 14.2, 408.5 ± 16.1, 410.1 ± 13.1, 415.1 ± 10.1 (P = 0.007); Tp‐e were 72.7 ± 6.2, 73.2 ± 6.5, 77.2 ± 8.9, 87.2 ± 9.6 (P < 0.001); and Tp‐e/QT were 0.17 (0.14–0.20), 0.17 (0.14–0.20), 0.18 (0.15–0.23), 0.20 (0.16–0.25) in nonpregnant women, first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy respectively (P < 0.001). None of the participants experienced any arrhythmic event.ConclusionsP‐wave duration is prolonged in the second trimester, and resumes a plateau thereafter. Maximum QTc interval, Tp‐e interval and Tp‐e/QT ratio are increased in the late pregnancy. Although these indices are altered during the course of pregnancy, they all remain in the normal ranges.
Intestinal surgery performed by gynecologists
Authors: Martínez‐Serrano María José , Martínez‐Román Sergio , Pahisa Jaume , Balasch Joan , Carmona Francisco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to compare the feasibility and safety of surgical procedures to treat gynecological pathologies with intestinal involvement performed by skilled gynecological surgeons and by a multidisciplinary team of gynecologists plus colorectal surgeons.Material and methodsWe performed a comparative, observational, prospective study at a tertiary referral center. The population included all women undergoing bowel surgery for gynecological pathologies over a 3‐year period. Cases were analyzed by the specialty of the main surgeon performing the intestinal procedure. The main outcome measures were surgical procedure characteristics and postoperative outcomes and complications.ResultsA total of 65 women were included. Surgery was exclusively performed by a subspecialized gynecologist in 30.8% of the women, and undertaken by a multidisciplinary team (colorectal surgeons and gynecologists) in 69.2%. The main demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable in both groups. Main indications for bowel resection in gynecological surgery were advanced ovarian cancer and deep infiltrating endometriosis. In addition to the standard gynecological surgical procedures, a total of 135 intestinal segments were resected, with sigmoid colon the most frequent intestinal segment resected in both groups (53% in the gynecologist group and in 60% in the multidisciplinary group). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the distribution and frequency of surgical techniques used, rate of complications, mean hospitalization time or frequency of re‐intervention.ConclusionSkilled gynecological surgeons appear to be equally good at handling common intestinal problems as a team of gynecologist and colorectal surgeons.
Effect of Truncating AUC at 12, 24 and 48 hr When Evaluating the Bioequivalence of Drugs with a Long Half‐Life
Authors: Moreno Isabel , Ochoa Dolores , Román Manuel , Cabaleiro Teresa , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBioequivalence studies of drugs with a long half‐life require long periods of time for pharmacokinetic sampling. The latest update of the European guideline allows the area under the curve (AUC) truncated at 72 hr to be used as an alternative to AUC0–t as the primary parameter. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of truncating the AUC at 48, 24 and 12 hr on the acceptance of the bioequivalence criterion as compared with truncation at 72 hr in bioequivalence trials. The effect of truncated AUC on the within‐individual coefficient of variation (CVw) and on the ratio of the formulations was also analysed. Twenty‐eight drugs were selected from bioequivalence trials. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using WinNonLin 2.0 based on the trapezoidal method. Analysis of variance (anova) was performed to obtain the ratios and 90% confidence intervals for AUC at different time‐points. The degree of agreement of AUC0–72 in relation to AUC0–48 and AUC0–24, according to the Landis and Koch classification, was ‘almost perfect’. Statistically significant differences were observed when the CVw of AUC truncated at 72, 48 and 24 hr was compared with the CVw of AUC0–12. There were no statistically significant differences in the AUC ratio at any time‐point. Compared to AUC0–72, Pearson's correlation coefficient for mean AUC, AUC ratio and AUC CVw was worse for AUC0–12 than AUC0–24 or AUC0–48. These preliminary results could suggest that AUC truncation at 24 or 48 hr is adequate to determine whether two formulations are bioequivalent.
Transcutaneous interferential electrical stimulation for the management of non‐neuropathic underactive bladder in children: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad , Sharifi‐Rad Lida , Ladi‐Seyedian Seyedeh‐Sanam , Mozafarpour Sarah 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of transcutaneous interferential electrical stimulation (IFES) and urotherapy in the management of non‐neuropathic underactive bladder (UAB) in children with voiding dysfunction.Patients and MethodsIn all, 36 children with UAB without neuropathic disease [15 boys, 21 girls; mean (sd) age 8.9 (2.6) years] were enrolled and then randomly allocated to two equal treatment groups comprising IFES and control groups. The control group underwent only standard urotherapy comprising diet, hydration, scheduled voiding, toilet training, and pelvic floor and abdominal muscles relaxation. Children in the IFES group likewise underwent standard urotherapy and also received IFES. Children in both groups underwent a 15‐session treatment programme twice a week. A complete voiding and bowel habit diary was completed by parents before, after treatment, and 1 year later. Bladder ultrasound and uroflowmetry/electromyography were performed before, at the end of treatment course, and at the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe mean (sd) number of voiding episodes before treatment was 2.6 (1) and 2.7 (0.76) times/day in the IFES and control groups, respectively, which significantly increased after IFES therapy in IFES group, compared with only standard urotherapy in the control group [6.3 (1.4) vs 4.7 (1.3) times/day, P < 0.002). The mean (sd) bladder capacity before treatment was 424 (123) and 463 (121) mL in the control and IFES groups, respectively, which decreased significantly at 1 year after treatment in the IFES group compared with the controls, at 227 (86) vs 344 (127) mL (P < 0.01). Maximum urine flow increased and voiding time decreased significantly in the IFES group compared with controls at the end of treatment sessions and 1 year later (P < 0.05). All the children had abnormal flow curves at the beginning of the study. The flow curve became normal in 14/18 (77%) of the children in the IFES group and six of 18 (33%) in the control group by the end of follow‐up (P < 0.007). At the end of the treatment course, night‐time wetting was improved in all children who had this symptom before the treatment in the IFES group (P < 0.01).ConclusionCombining IFES and urotherapy is a safe and effective therapy in the management of children with UAB.
Occupational contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone
Authors: Vauhkala Anna‐Reetta , Pesonen Maria , Suomela Sari , Kuuliala Outi , Suuronen Katri , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundMethylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI are common preservatives in industrial and household products and in cosmetics. Occupational contact allergy to MCI/MI or MI has been reported among painters and paint factory workers in particular.ObjectivesTo retrospectively describe patients with occupational contact allergy to MCI/MI and MI at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH).MethodsPatch test files and clinical records of patients examined at the FIOH between January 2002 and February 2013 were reviewed to identify the patients.ResultsSeventy‐two of 1745 patients showed positive reactions to MCI/MI and/or MI. Of these, 36 were occupational cases, and 31 were diagnosed during the second half of the study period. Hairdressers and beauticians, mechanics and repairmen, and machinists were the most significant occupational groups, followed by painters and paint factory workers, and café and restaurant workers.ConclusionsWe observed a sixfold increase in the number of occupational cases in the second half of the study period as compared with the first half. Liquid soaps and industrial hand cleansers were common sources of exposure to MCI/MI or MI. A total of 33% of the patients used products without any mention of MCI/MI or MI in safety data sheets or product declarations.
Kidney transplantation in patients with severe preoperative hypertension
Authors: Ajaimy Maria , Lubetzky Michelle , Kamal Layla , Gupta Anjali , Dunn Colin , de Boccardo Graciela , Akalin Enver , Kayler Liise 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundSevere systemic hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for perioperative cardiovascular complications; however, its impact at the time of kidney transplantation (KTX) is not well defined.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adult kidney‐only transplant recipients between October 2009 and December 2012 was performed to examine outcomes between patients with (n = 111) and without (n = 98) severe preoperative HTN defined as SBP >180 or DBP> 110 mmHg.ResultsRecipients with severe HTN were older (56.7 ± 13.0 vs. 53.5 ± 12.4 yr, p = 0.07) and significantly more likely to receive an expanded criteria donor kidney (32.7% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.02). No patients developed hypertensive crisis, intracranial hemorrhage, or life threatening ventricular arrhythmias within 30 d post‐transplantation; however, three patients with severe HTN had cardiac events: two with demand ischemia and one with decompensate heart failure. Two patients in the control group had decompensated heart failure. There were no differences between the groups in terms of cardiac event (2.7% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.75), one‐yr patient survival (98.2% vs. 98.0%, p = 0.90) or graft survival (90.1% vs. 92.9%, p = 0.48), nadir creatinine >2 mg/dL (4.6% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.62), length of stay>6 d (37.8% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.75), and DGF (52.3% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.11).ConclusionsOur results suggest that severe preoperative HTN should not be considered an absolute contraindication to kidney transplant in patients who are otherwise clinically stable.
Milk activates the expression of cytokines via Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Choi Sung Chul , Seo Young Hun , Bae Won‐Jung , Lee Hyo‐Seol , Choi Yeoung‐Chul , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundMilk is known as a suitable storage medium for avulsed teeth during emergency situations, but its potential toxicity on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the milk‐induced gene profiles of PDL cells in vitro by microarray analysis after storage in milk. We additionally determined whether milk activates the cytoprotective defense mechanisms via the NF‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) pathway.Material and MethodsGene induction in cultured human PDL cells after exposure to milk for 1 and 3 h as compared with non‐treated PDL cells was analyzed by microarray analysis and subsequent RT‐PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Western blot analysis were used to determine whether milk activates the cytoprotective defense mechanisms using the Nrf2 and HO‐1 pathway.ResultMicroarray data analysis identified 868 (1 h per control) and 1782 (3 h per control) differentially expressed genes related to the duration of storage in milk. Exposure to milk for 3 and 1 h resulted in the upregulation of specific inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs concomitant with downregulation of extracellular matrix‐related genes. Exposure to milk increased the expression of peroxiredoxin‐1, thioredoxin‐1 and heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 and stimulated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. HO‐1 inhibitor and Nrf2 siRNA blocked the milk‐induced inflammatory response such as production of ROS, expression of cytokines, chemokines, and MMPs.ConclusionWithin the limit of this study, this study demonstrates that exposure of PDL cells to milk is associated with an upregulated expression of several pro‐inflammatory proteins and key antioxidant proteins via the activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway in PDL cells.
Epiduroscopy of the lumbosacral vertebral canal in the horse: Technique and endoscopic anatomy
Authors: Prange T. , Shrauner B. D. , Blikslager A. T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyBack pain is a common cause of gait alterations and poor performance in horses, but the available imaging modalities are frequently insufficient to isolate the underlying pathology. In human patients, epidural endoscopy (epiduroscopy) is successfully used to diagnose and treat challenging cases of lower back pain. Endoscopy of the cervical epidural space has previously been reported in anaesthetised horses.ObjectivesTo develop a technique for lumbosacral epiduroscopy in standing horses and to describe the endoscopic anatomy of the lumbosacral epidural space.Study designPilot study to assess the feasibility of lumbosacral epiduroscopy in 5 horse cadavers.MethodsThe cadavers of 5 horses, weighing 457–694 kg (mean, 570 kg), were suspended in an upright position. Vascular dilators of increasing size were inserted between the first 2 moveable vertebrae caudal to the sacrum to create a minimally invasive approach into the epidural space. A flexible videoendoscope was introduced and advanced as far cranially as the length of the endoscope permitted. The lumbosacral epidural space underwent gross necropsy examination following the procedure.ResultsThe endoscope was successfully inserted into the epidural space in all horses. Saline injection through the working channel of the endoscope allowed the following anatomical structures to be seen:dura mater, left and right lumbosacral spinal nerves,cauda equina, epidural fat, connective tissue and blood vessels. Using the 60 cm working length of the endoscope, the epidural space could be examined as far cranial as L3–T18, depending on the size of the horse. No gross damage to epidural neurovascular structures was observed on necropsy examination.ConclusionLumbosacral epiduroscopy is technically feasible in standing horses and may become a valuable diagnostic tool in horses with caudal back or limb pain of unknown origin. Studies in live horses will be necessary to evaluate the safety of the procedure.
Uncovering major genomic features of essential genes in Bacteria and a methanogenic Archaea
Authors: Grazziotin Ana Laura , Vidal Newton M. , Venancio Thiago M. 
Published: June 2015

Identification of essential genes is critical to understanding the physiology of a species, proposing novel drug targets and uncovering minimal gene sets required for life. Although essential gene sets of several organisms have been determined using large‐scale mutagenesis techniques, systematic studies addressing their conservation, genomic context and functions remain scant. Here we integrate 17 essential gene sets from genome‐wide in vitro screenings and three gene collections required for growth in vivo, encompassing 15 Bacteria and one Archaea. We refine and generalize important theories proposed using Escherichia coli. Essential genes are typically monogenic and more conserved than nonessential genes. Genes required in vivo are less conserved than those essential in vitro, suggesting that more divergent strategies are deployed when the organism is stressed by the host immune system and unstable nutrient availability. We identified essential analogous pathways that would probably be missed by orthology‐based essentiality prediction strategies. For example, Streptococcus sanguinis carries horizontally transferred isoprenoid biosynthesis genes that are widespread in Archaea. Genes specifically essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Burkholderia pseudomallei are reported as potential drug targets. Moreover, essential genes are not only preferentially located in operons, but also occupy the first position therein, supporting the influence of their regulatory regions in driving transcription of whole operons. Finally, these important genomic features are shared between Bacteria and at least one Archaea, suggesting that high order properties of gene essentiality and genome architecture were probably present in the last universal common ancestor or evolved independently in the prokaryotic domains.