bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment of Natural Materials Used for Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Commercial Phytopharmaceuticals
Authors: Ivanovic Jasna , Meyer Florian , Stamenic Marko , Jaeger Philip , Zizovic Irena , Eggers Rudolf 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA proper method was to be developed for the pretreatment of different types of natural materials in order to increase the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) regarding yield and active substance content. The effects of different mechanical pretreatments were investigated: flaking, impact plus shearing, and cutting plus grinding. Additionally, the influence of intermediate rapid gas decompression was studied. Significant effects of the applied pretreatments on the yield (increase by up to 1350 %) were shown for SFE of selected oilseeds, artemisia aerial parts, and the lichen Usnea barbata. Flaking was the most effective pretreatment for increasing the yield of SFE of fennel seeds, artemisia aerial parts, and Usnea lichen, while impact plus shearing was optimal for processing amaranth, milk thistle, and oat seeds. The use of defined optimal pretreatments led to notable increases in the contents of usnic acid (50 %) and artemisinin (300 %).
Nonatherosclerotic Obstructive Vascular Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries
Authors: Escárcega Ricardo O. , Mathur Moses , Franco Joseph J. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Patel Chirdeep , Singh Kanwar , Bashir Riyaz , Patil Pravin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNonatherosclerotic vascular diseases of the mesenteric and renal arteries are considered to occur less frequently than those caused by occlusive atherosclerotic disease. However, when present, they pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Such disorders include fibromuscular dysplasia, median arcuate ligament syndrome, the renal nutcracker syndrome, and some forms of acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia (embolic and thrombotic). This is a heterogeneous group of disorders with substantial differences in the pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches to these diseases. We provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current management of fibromuscular dysplasia, median arcuate ligament syndrome, and the renal nutcracker syndrome.
BLOR: An efficient bandwidth and latency sensitive overlay routing approach for flash data dissemination
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Wang Yijie , Fu Yongquan , Li Xiaoling , Sun Weidong 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe problem of flash data dissemination refers to transmitting time‐critical data to a large group of distributed receivers in a timely manner, which widely exists in many mission‐critical applications and Web services. However, existing approaches for flash data dissemination fail to ensure the timely and efficient transmission, because of the unpredictability of the dissemination process. Overlay routing has been widely used as an efficient routing primitive for providing better end‐to‐end routing quality by detouring inefficient routing paths in the real networks. To improve the predictability of the flash data dissemination process, we propose a bandwidth and latency sensitive overlay routing approach named BLOR, by optimizing the overlay routing and avoiding inefficient paths in flash data dissemination. BLOR tries to select optimal routing paths in terms of network latency, bandwidth capacity, and available bandwidth in nature, which has never been studied before. Additionally, a location‐aware unstructured overlay topology construction algorithm, an unbiased top‐kdominance model, and an efficient semi‐distributed information management strategy are proposed to assist the routing optimization of BLOR. Extensive experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposals with real‐world data sets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Electrical Contact on the Performance of Bi2S3 Single Nanowire Photodetectors
Authors: Li Renxiong , Yang Juehan , Huo Nengjie , Fan Chao , Lu Fangyuan , Yan Tengfei , Wei Zhongming , Li Jingbo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBi2S3 single‐crystalline nanowires are synthesized through a hydrothermal method and then fabricated into single nanowire photodetectors. Due to the different contact barrier between the gold electrode and Bi2S3 nanowires, two kinds of devices with different electrical contacts are obtained and their photoresponsive properties are investigated. The non‐ohmic contact devices show larger photocurrent gains and shorter response times than those of ohmic contact devices. Furthermore, the influence of a focused laser on the barrier height between gold and Bi2S3 is explored in both kinds of devices and shows that laser illumination on the AuBi2S3 interface can greatly affect the barrier height in non‐ohmic contact devices, while keeping it intact in ohmic contact devices. A model based on the surface photovoltage effect is used to explain this phenomenon.
Mesoporous Carbon‐TiO2 Beads with Nanotextured Surfaces as Photoanodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Quan Li Na , Jang Yoon Hee , Jang Yu Jin , Kim Jihyeon , Lee Wonmok , Moon Jun Hyuk , Kim Dong Ha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMesoporous TiO2 and carbon‐TiO2 beads with highly roughened surfaces at the nanoscale were prepared by using triblock copolymer P123 simultaneously as template and carbon source in combination with colloid self‐assembly. In addition, their role as modifier of the photoanode in the efficiency enhancement of dye‐sensitized solar cells is discussed. Hierarchically organized TiO2 networks can provide fast electron transport paths, and ordered mesopores can enhance light scattering as well as facilitate infiltration of the electrolyte. It was found that there is an optimum loading level of mesoporous TiO2 and carbon‐TiO2 beads, that is, 1.0 and 0.5 wt %, with respect to the control P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively, for maximizing the photovoltaic performance. An increase in the photovoltaic performance by up to 21.45 % was achieved by incorporation of mesoporous carbon‐TiO2 beads into the conventional photoanode of DSSCs owing to enhanced charge transport and collection effects.
Plasma‐Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of PtOx from (MeCp)PtMe3 and O2 Plasma
Authors: Erkens Ivo J. M. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Knoops Harm C. M. , Landaluce Tatiana F. , Roozeboom Fred , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) using (MeCp)PtMe3 and O2 gas or O2 plasma is a well‐established technique for the deposition of thin films of Pt, but the potential of ALD to deposit platinum oxide (PtOx) has not yet been systematically explored. This work demonstrates how PtOx can be deposited by plasma‐assisted (PA)‐ALD in a temperature window from room temperature (RT) to 300 °C by controlling the O2 plasma and (MeCp)PtMe3 exposure. With increasing substrate temperature, the thermal stability of PtOx decreases and the reducing activity of the precursor ligands increases. Therefore, longer O2 plasma exposures and/or lower (MeCp)PtMe3 exposures are required to obtain PtOx at higher temperatures. Furthermore, it is established that, during the nucleation stage, PtOx ALD starts by the formation of islands that grow and coalesce during the initial ∼40 cycles. Closed‐layer thin films of PtOx with an O/Pt ratio of 2.5 can be deposited at 100 °C with a minimal thickness of only ∼2 nm. It is also demonstrated that a conformality of ∼90% can be reached for PtOx films in trenches with an aspect ratio of 9 when using optimized O2 plasma and precursor exposure times.
Experimental evidence that the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model best describes the evolution of leaf litter decomposability
Authors: Pan Xu , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Liu Guo‐Fang , Hu Yu‐Kun , Prinzing Andreas , Dong Ming , Cornwell William K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLeaf litter decomposability is an important effect trait for ecosystem functioning. However, it is unknown how this effect trait evolved through plant history as a leaf ‘afterlife’ integrator of the evolution of multiple underlying traits upon which adaptive selection must have acted. Did decomposability evolve in a Brownian fashion without any constraints? Was evolution rapid at first and then slowed? Or was there an underlying mean‐reverting process that makes the evolution of extreme trait values unlikely? Here, we test the hypothesis that the evolution of decomposability has undergone certain mean‐reverting forces due to strong constraints and trade‐offs in the leaf traits that have afterlife effects on litter quality to decomposers. In order to test this, we examined the leaf litter decomposability and seven key leaf traits of 48 tree species in the temperate area of China and fitted them to three evolutionary models: Brownian motion model (BM), Early burst model (EB), and Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model (OU). The OU model, which does not allow unlimited trait divergence through time, was the best fit model for leaf litter decomposability and all seven leaf traits. These results support the hypothesis that neither decomposability nor the underlying traits has been able to diverge toward progressively extreme values through evolutionary time. These results have reinforced our understanding of the relationships between leaf litter decomposability and leaf traits in an evolutionary perspective and may be a helpful step toward reconstructing deep‐time carbon cycling based on taxonomic composition with more confidence.
[Ge(H)(2‐C6H4PPh2)3] as Ligand Precursor at Ruthenium: Formation and Reactivity of [Ru(Cl){Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3}]
Authors: Herrmann Roy , Braun Thomas , Mebs Stefan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe germane [Ge(H)(2‐C6H4PPh2)3] (2) was synthesized by reaction of Li[Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3] (1) with water. The presence of nBuBr led to the formation of [Ge(nBu)(2‐C6H4PPh2)3] (3). The complex [Ru(Cl){Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3}] (4) was obtained by reaction of 2 with [Ru(Cl)2(PPh3)3] and NEt3. The ruthenium‐bound Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3 moiety in 4 can be converted into a Ge(Cl)(2‐C6H4PPh2)2 fragment on treatment of 4 with a solution of HCl in diethyl ether to yield [Ru(Cl){Ge(Cl)(2‐C6H4PPh2)2}(PPh3)] (5). The reaction of complex 4 with potassium hydride in an atmosphere of dihydrogen led to [Ru{Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3}(H)(H2)] (6). Complex 6 reacted with hydrazine to give [Ru{Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3}(H)(N2H4)] (7). With an excess of hydrazine, complex 6 catalyzed the disproportionation of hydrazine to produce ammonia and the ruthenium complex [Ru{Ge(2‐C6H4PPh2)3}(H)(NH3)] (8).
Synergistic Effect of a Bis(proazaphosphatrane) in Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Arylations of Nitriles with Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Han Kim So , Jang Wonseok , Kim Min , Verkade John G. , Kim Youngjo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe effect of a bis(proazaphosphatrane) ligand on the palladium‐catalyzed direct α‐arylation of nitriles with various aryl chlorides under mild conditions is reported. Comparisons of the catalytic properties of this ligand with those of three related mono(proazaphosphatrane)s under the same reaction conditions revealed that bis(proazaphosphatrane) displayed a synergistically enhanced activity. In the presence of the bis(proazaphosphatrane) ligand, ethyl cyanoacetate and primary as well as secondary nitriles were efficiently coupled with a wide variety of aryl chlorides that contained electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and electron‐neutral groups.
Ninety Second Electrosynthesis of Palladium Nanocubes on ITO Surface and Its Application in Electrosensing of Cefotaxime
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Prakash Rajiv 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe describe ninety second electrosynthesis of uniform palladium nanocubes on ITO without any surfactants, templates or premodifications of ITO surfaces. The electrodeposition potential and concentration of palladium precursor are varied for the formation of Pd nanocubes. Electrosynthesized palladium nanocubes have been characterized by various techniques. Further electrosynthesized palladium nanocubes are employed in electrosensing of cefotaxime drug without using any redox mediator or enzyme. The developed amperometric electrochemical sensor under the optimum conditions is convenient and applicable for the determination of cefotaxime drug with a sensitivity of 2.724 µA/µM and 0.062 µM limit of detection at S/N (signal‐to‐noise ratio):3.
Experimental Validation of the Theory of Chronoamperometry on Nanoparticles Deposited Gold Electrodes: Topography Characterization Through Hybrid CV and SEM Method
Authors: Dhillon Shweta , Kant Rama 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report an equation for single potential step chronoamperometry in presence of ohmic effects at rough working electrodes. The equation shows dependence on mean square width and roughness factor. The methodology developed here allows us to address problems of chronoamperometry on a surface with non‐uniform deposits. Non‐uniform roughness is generated through deposition of gold nanoparticles on gold wire electrodes and characterized using CV‐SEM method. We experimentally validate theoretical relation of current transient for a reversible charge transfer system (ferrocene in RTIL BMIM‐BF4) in presence of moderate ohmic effects. Finally, this theory explains the chornoamperometric behaviour of gold nanoparticles deposited electrodes with non‐uniform roughness.
Very slow erosion rates and landscape preservation across the southwestern slope of the Ladakh Range, India
Authors: Dietsch Craig , Dortch Jason M. , Reynhout Scott A. , Owen Lewis A. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractErosion rates are key to quantifying the timescales over which different topographic and geomorphic domains develop in mountain landscapes. Geomorphic and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) methods were used to determine erosion rates of the arid, tectonically quiescent Ladakh Range, northern India. Five different geomorphic domains are identified and erosion rates are determined for three of the domains using TCN 10Be concentrations. Along the range divide between 5600 and 5700 m above sea level (asl), bedrock tors in the periglacial domain are eroding at 5.0 ± 0.5 to 13.1 ± 1.2 meters per million years (m/m.y.)., principally by frost shattering. At lower elevation in the unglaciated domain, erosion rates for tributary catchments vary between 0.8 ± 0.1 and 2.0 ± 0.3 m/m.y. Bedrock along interfluvial ridge crests between 3900 and 5100 m asl that separate these tributary catchments yield erosion rates <0.7 ± 0.1 m/m.y. and the dominant form of bedrock erosion is chemical weathering and grusification. Erosion rates are fastest where glaciers conditioned hillslopes above 5100 m asl by over‐steepening slopes and glacial debris is being evacuated by the fluvial network. For range divide tors, the long‐term duration of the erosion rate is considered to be 40–120 ky. By evaluating measured 10Be concentrations in tors along a model 10Be production curve, an average of ~24 cm is lost instantaneously every ~40 ky. Small (<4 km2) unglaciated tributary catchments and their interfluve bedrock have received very little precipitation since ~300 ka and the long‐term duration of their erosion rates is 300–750 ky and >850 ky, respectively. These results highlight the persistence of very slow erosion in different geomorphic domains across the southwestern slope of the Ladakh Range, which on the scale of the orogen records spatial changes in the locus of deformation and the development of an orogenic rain shadow north of the Greater Himalaya. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating spatiotemporal variability of blue and green water resources availability with uncertainty analysis
Authors: Zuo Depeng , Xu Zongxue , Peng Dingzhi , Song Jinxi , Cheng Lei , Wei Shouke , Abbaspour Karim C. , Yang Hong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDue to rapid socioeconomic development, continuous population growth and urbanization, the world is facing a severe shortage of fresh water, particularly in arid and semi‐arid regions. A lack of water will put pressure on agricultural production, water pollution, as well as eco‐environmental degradation. Traditional water resources assessment mainly focused on blue water, ignoring green water. Therefore, analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of blue and green water resources in arid and semi‐arid regions is of great significance for water resources planning and management, especially for harmonizing agricultural water use and eco‐environmental water requirements. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm (SUFI‐2) to calibrate and validate the SWAT model based on river discharges in the Wei River, the largest tributary of the Yellow River in China. Uncertainty analysis was also performed to quantify the blue and green water resources availability at different spatial scales. The results showed that most parts of the Wei River basin (WRB) experienced a decrease in blue water resources during the recent 50 years with a minimum value in the 1990s. The decrease is particularly significant in the most southern part of the WRB (the Guanzhong Plain), one of the most important grain production bases in China. Variations of green water flow and green water storage were relatively small both on spatial and temporal dimensions. This study provides strategic information for optimal utilization of water resources in arid and semi‐arid river basin. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Effects of Some Phenolic Compounds on the Activities of Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase and 6‐Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase from Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Adem Sevki , Comakli Veysel , Kuzu Müslüm , Demirdag Ramazan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPolyphenols are the important compounds that have various bioactivities. They constitute vital active agents of not only daily diet but also natural medicines that are used traditionally. It is generally considered that they are safe because they are natural. In some conducted studies, different negative effects of these compounds were mentioned. Twelve phenolic compounds have been assayed to determine the effect of inhibition on glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) enzymes activity. For in vitro studies, the enzymes were purified from human erythrocytes using 2′,5′‐ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Naringenin, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid against two enzymes, hesperidin and polydatin, only on G6PD activity and chrysin solely against 6PGD showed inhibitory effect. Chlorogenic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and syringic acid did not exhibit an effect on the activity of the two enzymes.
Natural Antioxidants Exhibit Chemopreventive Characteristics through the Regulation of CNC b‐Zip Transcription Factors in Estrogen‐Induced Breast Carcinogenesis
Authors: Chatterjee Anwesha , Ronghe Amruta , Singh Bhupendra , Bhat Nimee K. , Chen Jie , Bhat Hari K. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to characterize the role of resveratrol (Res) and vitamin C (VC) in prevention of estrogen‐induced breast cancer through regulation of cap “n”collar (CNC) b‐zip transcription factors. Human breast epithelial cell line MCF‐10A was treated with 17β‐estradiol (E2) and VC or Res with or without E2. mRNA and protein expression levels of CNC b‐zip transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 1 (Nrf1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 3 (Nrf3), and Nrf2‐regulated antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were quantified. The treatment with E2 suppressed, whereas VC and Res prevented E2‐mediated decrease in the expression levels of SOD3, NQO1, Nrf2 mRNA, and protein in MCF‐10A cells. The treatment with E2, Res, or VC significantly increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf1. 17β‐Estradiol treatment significantly increased but VC or Res decreased Nrf3 mRNA and protein expression levels. Our studies demonstrate that estrogen‐induced breast cancer might be prevented through upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf‐dependent pathways.
Curcumin Attenuates Cr(VI)‐Induced Ascites and Changes in the Activity of Aconitase and F1F0 ATPase and the ATP Content in Rat Liver Mitochondria
Authors: García‐Niño Wylly Ramsés , Zazueta Cecilia , Tapia Edilia , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTOccupational and environmental exposure to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), a hexavalent chromium compound, can result in liver damage associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) on the K2Cr2O7‐induced injury, with special emphasis on ascitic fluid accumulation and oxidative phosphorylation mitochondrial enzymes and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in isolated mitochondria from livers of rats treated with K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Thus, curcumin attenuated the ascites generation, prevented the decrease in the activities of aconitase and F1F0 ATPase, and maintained the ATP levels. The activity of complex II was not completely reestablished by curcumin, whereas complexes III and IV activities were unchanged.
Bedside interprofessional rounds: Perceptions of benefits and barriers by internal medicine nursing staff, attending physicians, and housestaff physicians
Authors: Gonzalo Jed D. , Kuperman Ethan , Lehman Erik , Haidet Paul 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDInterprofessional collaboration improves the quality of care, but integration into workflow is challenging. Although a shared conceptualization regarding bedside interprofessional rounds may enhance implementation, little work has investigated providers' perceptions of this activity.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the perceptions of nurses, attending physicians, and housestaff physicians regarding the benefits/barriers to bedside interprofessional rounds.DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTSObservational, cross‐sectional survey of hospital‐based medicine nurses, attending physicians, and housestaff physicians. Descriptive, nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum and nonparametric correlation were used.MAIN MEASURESBedside interprofessional rounds were defined as “encounters including 2 physicians plus a nurse or other care provider discussing the case at the patient's bedside.” Eighteen items related to “benefits” and 21 items related to “barriers” associated with bedside interprofessional rounds.RESULTSOf 171 surveys sent, 149 were completed (87%). Highest‐ranked benefits were related to communication/coordination, including “improves communication between nurses‐physicians;” lowest‐ranked benefits were related to efficiency, process, and outcomes, including “decreases length‐of‐stay” and “improves timeliness of consultations.” Nurses reported most favorable ratings for all items (P < 0.05). Rank order for 3 provider groups showed high correlation (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Highest‐ranked barriers were related to time, including “nursing staff have limited time;” lowest‐ranked barriers were related to provider‐ and patient‐related factors, including “patient lack of comfort.” Rank order of barriers among all groups showed moderate correlation (r = 0.62–0.82).CONCLUSIONSAlthough nurses perceived greater benefit for bedside interprofessional rounds than physicians, all providers perceived coordination/teamwork benefits higher than outcomes. To the extent the results are generalizable, these findings lay the foundation for facilitating meaningful patient‐centered interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:646–651. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine