bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size-dependent antimicrobial properties of sugar-encapsulated gold nanoparticles synthesized by a green method
Authors: Badwaik Vivek D , Vangala Lakshmisri M , Pender Dillon S , Willis Chad B , Aguilar Zoraida P , Gonzalez Matthew S , Paripelly Rammohan , Dakshinamurthy Rajalingam 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of dextrose-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (dGNPs) with average diameters of 25, 60, and 120 nm (± 5) and synthesized by green chemistry principles were investigated against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Studies were performed involving the effect of dGNPs on the growth, morphology, and ultrastructural properties of bacteria. dGNPs were found to have significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity which was also proportional to their size. Experiments revealed the dGNPs to be bacteriostatic as well as bactericidal. The dGNPs exhibited their bactericidal action by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane which leads to the leakage of cytoplasmic content. The overall outcome of this study suggests that green-synthesized dGNPs hold promise as a potent antibacterial agent against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria by preventing and controlling possible infections or diseases.
Study on integro-differential equation with generalized p-Laplacian operator
Authors: Wei Li , Agarwal Ravi P , Wong Patricia JY 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We tackle the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a kind of integro-differential equations involving the generalized p-Laplacian operator with mixed boundary conditions. This is achieved by using some results on the ranges for maximal monotone operators and pseudo-monotone operators. The method used in this paper extends and complements some previous work.

MSC: 47H05, 47H09.
A stereoscopic video conversion scheme based on spatio-temporal analysis of MPEG videos
Authors: Lin Guo-Shiang , Huang Hsiang-Yun , Chen Wei-Chih , Yeh Cheng-Ying , Liu Kai-Che , Lie Wen-Nung 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this article, an automatic stereoscopic video conversion scheme which accepts MPEG-encoded videos as input is proposed. Our scheme is depth-based, relying on spatio-temporal analysis of the decoded video data to yield depth perception cues, such as temporal motion and spatial contrast, which reflect the relative depths between the foreground and the background areas. Our scheme is shot-adaptive, demanding that shot change detection and shot classification be performed for tuning of algorithm or parameters that are used for depth cue combination. The above-mentioned depth estimation is initially block-based, followed by a locally adaptive joint trilateral upsampling algorithm to reduce the computing load significantly. A recursive temporal filter is used to reduce the possible depth fluctuations (and also artifacts in the synthesized images) resulting from wrong depth estimations. The traditional Depth-Image-Based-Rendering algorithm is used to synthesize the left- and right-view frames for 3D display. Subjective tests show that videos converted by our scheme provide comparable perceived depth and visual quality with those converted from the depth data calculated by stereo vision techniques. Also, our scheme is shown to outperform the well-known TriDef software in terms of human’s perceived 3D depth. Based on the implementation by using “OpenMP” parallel programming model, our scheme is capable of executing in real-time on a multi-core CPU platform.
The effect of improved rural sanitation on diarrhoea and helminth infection: design of a cluster-randomized trial in Orissa, India
Authors: Clasen Thomas , Boisson Sophie , Routray Parimita , Cumming Oliver , Jenkins Marion , Ensink Jeroen H J , Bell Melissa , Freeman Matthew C , Peppin Soosai , Schmidt Wolf-Peter 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background
Infectious diseases associated with poor sanitation such as diarrhoea, intestinal worms, trachoma and lymphatic filariasis continue to cause a large disease burden in low income settings and contribute substantially to child mortality and morbidity. Obtaining health impact data for rural sanitation campaigns poses a number of methodological challenges. Here we describe the design of a village-level cluster-randomised trial in the state of Orissa, India to evaluate the impact of an ongoing rural sanitation campaign conducted under the umbrella of India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).We randomised 50 villages to the intervention and 50 villages to control. In the intervention villages the implementing non-governmental organisations conducted community mobilisation and latrine construction with subsidies given to poor families. Control villages receive no intervention. Outcome measures include (1) diarrhoea in children under 5 and in all ages, (2) soil-transmitted helminth infections, (3) anthropometric measures, (4) water quality, (5) number of insect vectors (flies, mosquitoes), (6) exposure to faecal pathogens in the environment. In addition we are conducting process documentation (latrine construction and use, intervention reach), cost and cost-effectiveness analyses, spatial analyses and qualitative research on gender and water use for sanitation.

Results
Randomisation resulted in an acceptable balance between trial arms. The sample size requirements appear to be met for the main study outcomes. Delays in intervention roll-out caused logistical problems especially for the planning of health outcome follow-up surveys. Latrine coverage at the end of the construction period (55%) remained below the target of 70%, a result that may, however, be in line with many other TSC intervention areas in India.

Conclusion
We discuss a number of methodological problems encountered thus far in this study that may be typical for sanitation trials. Nevertheless, it is expected that the trial procedures will allow measuring the effectiveness of a typical rural sanitation campaign, with sufficient accuracy and validity.
Commenting on the effects of surface treated- and non-surface treated TiO2 in the Caco-2 cell model
Authors: Faust James J , Zhang Wen , Koeneman Brian A , Chen Yongsheng , Capco David G 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In a recent work published in Particle and Fibre Toxicology by Fisichella and coworkers investigating surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticle exposure in a model human intestinal epithelium (Caco-2), albeit degraded to mimic conditions in the gut and exposure to natural sunlight, purportedly resulted in no toxic effects. The authors (Fisichella et al.) claim to have confirmed the results of a 2010 report by Koeneman et al. However, the study by Koeneman and colleagues revealed significant effects of unmodified TiO2 nanoparticles. These contradicting data warrant further investigation into the possible effects of aluminum hydroxide, as these nanoparticles appear to have resulted in an abnormal apical surface in Caco-2 cells.
This is a comment on http://www.particleandfibretoxicology.com/content/pdf/1743-8977-9-18.pdf.
From expression pattern to genetic association in asthma and asthma-related phenotypes
Authors: Vaillancourt Vanessa T , Bordeleau Martine , Laviolette Michel , Laprise Catherine 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Asthma is a complex disease characterized by hyperresponsiveness, obstruction and inflammation of the airways. To date, several studies using different approaches as candidate genes approach, genome wide association studies, linkage analysis and genomic expression leaded to the identification of over 300 genes involved in asthma pathophysiology. Combining results from two studies of genomic expression, this study aims to perform an association analysis between genes differently expressed in bronchial biopsies of asthmatics compared to controls and asthma-related phenotypes using the same French-Canadian Caucasian population.

Results
Before correction, 31 of the 85 genes selected were associated with at least one asthma-related phenotype. We found four genes that survived the correction for multiple testing. The rs11630178 in aggrecan gene (AGC1) is associated with atopy (p=0.0003) and atopic asthma (p=0.0001), the rs1247653 in the interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6), the rs1119529 in adrenergic, alpha-2A-, receptor (ADRA2A) and the rs13103321 in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide (ADH1B), are associated with asthma (p=0.019; 0.01 and 0.002 respectively).

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first time those genes are associated with asthma and related traits. Consequently, our study confirms that genetic and expression studies are complementary to identify new candidate genes and to investigate their role to improve the comprehension of the complexity of asthma pathophysiology.
The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) -related factors are increased in synovial tissue and vasculature of rheumatoid arthritic joints
Authors: Crotti Tania N , Dharmapatni Anak ASSK , Alias Ekram , Zannettino Andrew CW , Smith Malcolm D , Haynes David R 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) pathway provides osteoclast co-stimulatory signals and regulates proliferation, survival and differentiation of effector immune cells. In the osteoclast, the receptors Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Osteoclast Associated Receptor (OSCAR) and their respective adaptor proteins, DAP12 and FcRγ mediate ITAM signals and induce calcium signaling and the crucial transcription factor, NFATc1. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), OSCAR expression by monocytes is inversely correlated with disease activity. Additionally, serum levels of OSCAR are reduced in RA patients versus healthy controls suggesting that expression and secretion or cleavage of soluble (s) OSCAR is immune modulated. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells may also be a source of OSCAR.

Methods
ITAM receptors, their adaptor proteins, and NFATc1 and cathepsin K were detected in human synovial tissues by immunohistochemistry. Synovial tissues from patients with active RA were compared with tissue from patients in remission, osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy individuals. OSCAR was measured by immunoassay in synovial fluids recovered from active RA and OA patients. Endothelial cells were cultured with or without 5 ng/mL TNF-α or IL-1β over 72 hours. Temporal expression of OSCAR mRNA was assessed by qRT PCR and OSCAR protein in the supernatant was measured by ELISA.

Results
Significantly higher (P < 0.05) NFATc1-positive inflammatory cell aggregates were found in active RA tissues than in healthy synovial tissue. Similarly, the percentage of OSCAR, FcRγ, DAP12 and TREM2 positive cells was significantly higher in active RA tissues compared to the healthy synovial tissue. Notably, OSCAR was strongly expressed in the microvasculature of the active RA tissues (9/9), inactive RA (8/9) weakly in OA (4/9) but only in the lumen of healthy synovial tissue (0/8). OSCAR levels were detected in synovial fluids from both RA (47 to 152 ng/mL) and OA (112 to 145 ng/mL) patients. Moreover, OSCAR mRNA expression and soluble OSCAR release was stimulated by TNF-α and IL1-β in cultured endothelial cells.

Conclusions
Increased levels of ITAM related factors were present in synovial tissue from active RA joints compared to OA and healthy joints. OSCAR was strongly expressed by the vasculature of active RA patients and membrane bound and soluble OSCAR was stimulated by inflammatory mediators in endothelial cells in vitro.
IL-32 and IL-17 interact and have the potential to aggravate osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Moon Young-Mee , Yoon Bo-Young , Her Yang-Mi , Oh Hye-Joa , Lee Jae-Seon , Kim Kyoung-Woon , Lee Seon-Yeong , Woo Yun-Ju , Park Kyung-Su , Park Sung-Hwan , Kim Ho-Youn , Cho Mi-La 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Interleukin (IL)-32 and IL-17 play critical roles in pro-inflammatory responses and are highly expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the relations between these two cytokines (IL-17 and IL-32) for their ability to induce each other and to stimulate osteoclasts in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and T cells.

Methods
FLSs were isolated through surgical synovectomy obtained from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA). Real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the expression of IL-32, IL-17 and osteoclast-related genes. Immunohistochemical staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were performed to determine the distribution of inflammatory cytokines and the presence of osteoclastogenesis.

Results
IL-17 induced the expression of IL-32 in the FLSs from RA patients, as assessed by microarray. IL-32 production was increased by IL-17. IL-32 in the FLSs from RA patients induced the production of IL-17 in CD4+ T cells. IL-32 and IL-17 were colocalized near TRAP-positive areas in joint specimens. IL-17 and IL-32 synergistically induced the differentiation of osteoclasts, as demonstrated by the expression of osteoclast-related genes. IL-32 and IL-17 also could induce resorption by osteoclasts in a RANKL-dependent manner.

Conclusions
IL-17 affected the expression of IL-32 in FLSs of RA patients and IL-32 induced the production of IL-17 in CD4+ T cells. Both IL-17 and IL-32 cytokines can reciprocally influence each other's production and amplify the function of osteoclastogenesis in the in RA synovium. Separately, IL-17 and IL-32 each stimulated osteoclastogenesis without RANKL. Together, the two cytokines synergistically amplified the differentiation of osteoclasts, independent of RANKL stimulation.
Monophasic versus biphasic defibrillation for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: a nationwide population-based study in Japan
Authors: Tanabe Seizan , Yasunaga Hideo , Koike Soichi , Akahane Manabu , Ogawa Toshio , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Hatanaka Tetsuo , Yokota Hiroyuki , Imamura Tomoaki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Conventional monophasic defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients have been replaced with biphasic defibrillators. However, the advantage of biphasic over monophasic defibrillation for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients who underwent monophasic defibrillation with those who underwent biphasic defibrillation.

Methods
This prospective, nationwide, population-based observational study included pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009. The primary outcome measure was survival at 1 month with minimal neurologic impairment. The secondary outcome measures were survival at 1 month and the return of spontaneous circulation before hospital arrival. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent association between defibrillator type (monophasic or biphasic) and outcomes.

Results
Among 5,628 pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients (1 through 17 years old), 430 who received defibrillation shock with monophasic or biphasic defibrillator were analyzed. The number of patients who received defibrillation shock with monophasic defibrillator was 127 (30%), and 303 (70%) received defibrillation shock with biphasic defibrillator. The survival rates at 1 month with minimal neurologic impairment were 17.5% and 24.4%, the survival rates at 1 month were 32.3% and 35.6%, and the rates of return of spontaneous circulation before hospital arrival were 24.4% and 27.4% in the monophasic and biphasic defibrillator groups, respectively. Hierarchic logistic regression analyses by using generalized estimation equations found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of 1-month survival with minimal neurologic impairment (odds ratio (OR), 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87 to 2.83; P = 0.14) and 1-month survival (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.87 to 2.18; P = 0.17).

Conclusions
The present nationwide population-based observational study could not confirm an advantage of biphasic over monophasic defibrillators for pediatric OHCA patients.
Relationship of total 25-OH vitamin D concentrations to Indices of Multiple Deprivation: geoanalysis of laboratory results
Authors: Webster Craig 
Published: November 2012

Background Vitamin D deficiency appears to be widespread and associated with ethnicity and economic status. Geography is the key to virtually all national statistics. It provides a structure for collecting, processing, storing and aggregating data. Linking geographic data to laboratory data allows analysis of the association of laboratory data with economic indicators. Methods The laboratory information system was searched to create a data-set of total 25-OH vitamin D concentrations, which was then linked to economic (Indices of Multiple Deprivation [IMD]) and ethnicity data using postcodes geocoded to Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs). Results A total of 12422 25-OH vitamin D requests were received during the time period searched. A total of 12167 of these had associated postcodes that would allow georeferencing to LSOAs. The median total 25-OH vitamin D was 24.5 nmol/L (5.3-99.0; 2.5-97.5th percentile). Statistically significant (Spearman rank) correlations were found between median 25-OH vitamin D (nmol/L) and percentage of non-White population and percentage of non-White population and IMD. No statistically significant correlation between median 25-OH vitamin D concentration and IMD was found; however, a statistically significant correlation between percentage of population classified as severely deficient and IMD was found. Conclusions In summary, vitamin D deficiency is widespread and is related to ethnicity; it does not appear to be related to economic status except in cases of severe vitamin D deficiency.
Golden Merganser Story Promenade: A case study of oral multilingual storytelling strategies
Authors: Aaltonen Heli 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
This case study illustrates how multilingual storytelling strategies were investigated in the context of ‘Golden Merganser: Story Promenade’ on 1 October 2011 in the City of Turku. Experiments in oral multilingual storytelling represent an intercultural practice. The artistic work was informed by Guattari’s critical theory of three ecological registers. The storytellers investigated multilingual storytelling strategies through artistic work. The outcome of the project suggests that the essence of telling a narrative is to experience the world of the narrative. The multilingual storytellers need to establish the same world, dream the same dream, make dramaturgical work, and engage in music improvisation with different languages. Multilingual storytelling practice helps to encounter foreign languages with curiosity and interest and offer possibilities for strengthening multilingual identity construction.
REVIEWS
Authors: East Jessica , Laursen Ole Birk 
Published: November 2012

GENDER, RELIGION, AND MIGRATION: PATHWAYS OF INTEGRATION, GLENDA TIBE BONIFACIO AND VIVIENNE SM. ANGELES (EDS) (2010) Maryland: Lexington Books, 304 pp., ISBN 978-0739133132, h/bk, £ 47.45; p/bk, £ 21.80
BRITISH MUSLIM FICTIONS: INTERVIEWS WITH CONTEMPORARY WRITERS, CLAIRE
CHAMBERS(2011) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 368 pp. ISBN: 978-0230308787, Hardback, £55.00; Paperback, £18.04
The living rooms our city-centres ought to be: Olohuone an urban experiment in Helsinki Railway Station
Authors: Galanakis Michail 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Olohuone is the Finnish word for living room, as well as the name I gave a publicly accessible installation that I made on the basis of art and action research. I will briefly describe the context of the installation, and then proceed to analyse it as an urban intervention,and finally offer the findings produced by the entire process. Keith Hoggart and colleagues write that ‘Action Research is associated with learning about society through efforts to change it’. Olohuone was part of my action research and a fundamental component of my doctoral dissertation. In it, I framed a situation at a busy urban space and, in so doing, I intervened and temporarily changed the field of my study. Olohuone proved to be a critical case study for my research, mainly because of the responses of the people who interacted with it. In these years since Olohuone, I have lectured about it on numerous occasions. When I talk about Olohuone, the reactions I get encourage me to keep on using it as an example of place-making and of research in urban studies. During lectures, I discover aspects of Olohuone that I have not thought of before, often due to the questions posed by students. This is why I think that my findings from Olohuone merit consideration in relation to action in art and design research, place-making and intercultural dialogue.
‘This is my home country or something in-between’ – Finnish-Somali youth sharing their experiences through performative narratives
Authors: Oikarinen-Jabai Helena 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
In this article I will focus on a workshop run with a group of youth mostly from Somali backgrounds. The workshops were run in cooperation with Youth’s Multicultural Living Room and Youth Department of the City of Helsinki. The workshops are part of my larger research project ‘A Finn, a Foreigner or a Transnational Hip-hopper?’. The study was conducted within the framework of participatory research, and examines the identification negotiations of second-generation Finnish immigrant youth. In the research I apply ethnographic methods, in particular, those of participatory and performative design, which I will briefly discuss here. In the workshops at hand it was noted that the participating youth placed themselves on borders and liminal spaces,especially because of the racism and prejudices they frequently encounter. Therefore, this article will concentrate on the topics of belongings, Finnishness and transnational identifications as represented in the words and visual narratives of the participants. I give space here to their own words and images they have produced.Finally, I will outline the kinds of horizons the observed ambivalence can create.
An abyss where darkness dwells
Authors: Heimonen Kirsi 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
This article enquires into the nature of the communication between a dance artist and people living with memory loss, brain damage and behavioural disorders. Art in this context means that something happens in the nursing community; its range travels from performances to dancing or gardening together. The core of the writing lies in the happenings that are discussed in the phenomenological and autoethnographic field. The article illuminates how something happens between a dance artist and the residents, something that happens in art, and through art, that can be described as an abyss where darkness dwells, a no-man’s-land where nobody knows anything better than another. The happenings are discussed with texts by Georges Bataille and Emmanuel Levinas. The collision of the art happenings in the community also reveals some attitudes and habits of the nursing staff.