bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mites Phoretic onIps pini(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Wisconsin Red Pine Stands
Authors: Pfammatter J A , Moser John C , Raffa Kenneth F 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe sampled the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) in Wisconsin red pine stands to describe its phoretic mite community. Nearly 78% of adult beetles carried phoretic mites, with an average of 12.78 ± 0.76 individuals and 1.69 ± 0.05 species per beetle. Phoretic mites from flying beetles represented over 13 families. Five species of mites showed relatively close associations, being present on at least 10% of adult beetles. The most common mite species included one from each of the major guilds on bark beetles, the scavenger/fungivore Histiostoma spp. (41.5% of beetles), the egg predator Iponemus confusus (Lindquist) (41.1% of beetles) and the nematode predator Dendrobebps quadrisetus (Berlese) (32.8% of beetles). Beetles in northern Wisconsin had more diverse phoretic mite communities than those in central or southern Wisconsin. Beetles collected late in the season (July-August) carried more individuals and species of mites than those collected early in the season (May-June). The method we used to collect live bark beetles may be useful for other studies requiring fine-scale quantification of symbionts, such as bacteria, fungi, and nematodes.
An Overview of In-Home Care for Older People in Portugal: An Empirical Study About the Customers
Authors: Martin José Ignácio Guinaldo , de Oliveira Laura Maria Alves , Duarte Natália Sofia Correia 
Published: March 2013

Background: The Portuguese in-home care services have never been adequately studied or identified. This is because of the lack of classification of variables related to the care receiver and to the demographic and organizational context in which it is inserted.Methods: The 126 organizations in the central region of Portugal were categorized into four groups depending on whether they were located in a rural or urban environment and on whether they were large or small organizations. To obtain information, the In-Home Care Protocol (ProSAD), Elderly Assessment System (EASYcare), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale were applied to 48 customers (6 randomly chosen customers of in-home care services of each of the 8 randomly selected organizations, 2 per group of variables).Results: The rural context denoted a lack of diversity of services and the number of organizations available is reduced, which implies less time spent with the customers. The more dependent customers at the time of registration (Kruskal–Wallis test [KW] = 12.79; p < .05) in large organizations (Mann–Whitney [U] = 190.5; p < .05) benefit more from the services. Conclusions: In-home care services are underused and are oriented to treat those that have a family caregiver. Overall, in-home care in Portugal still has much to achieve when compared with other European countries.
Co-Sleeping and Bed Sharing in Postnatal Maternity Units
Authors: Drever-Smith Cassia , Bogossian Fiona , New Karen 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND: This 2-part article reviews the primary research on co-sleeping and bed sharing in maternity units and critiques clinical practice guidelines on co-sleeping and bed sharing in maternity units.METHODS: Electronic search strategies were used to identify primary research and to access clinical practice guidelines about co-sleeping and bed sharing on maternity units. Primary research was reviewed and compared. Clinical practice guidelines were critiqued against the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF; 2004) document, Babies sharing their mothers’ bed while in hospital: A sample policy.FINDINGS: There is little published primary research about co-sleeping and bed sharing in maternity units but that which is available is of high standard. Clinical practice guidelines are more plentiful but vary in quality and scope. The primary research and clinical practice guidelines recognize the positive correlates between co-sleeping and bed sharing and the establishment of breastfeeding and the potential for risks to infant safety. There are differences in the acceptance of co-sleeping and bed sharing between geographic regions. The role of health care providers in educating about the benefits and risks of co-sleeping and bed sharing in maternity units is acknowledged but not well explored.CONCLUSION: Further research on co-sleeping and bed sharing in maternity units is needed to provide evidence to inform clinical practice guidelines.KEYWORDS: infant sleep location; policy development and dissemination; risk assessment; maternal education and behavior modeling; co-sleeping; bed sharing
The Lived Childbirth Experience of Korean First-Time Mothers in the United States
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Eun 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: To explore the lived experience of Korean first-time immigrant mothers giving birth in the United States from their own perspectives.DESIGN: Hermeneutic phenomenological study using semistructured interviews with seven Korean first-time mothers who recently gave birth in the United States. The interview data were analyzed to identify emerging themes, which were centered on both positive and negative perceptions of the experience.RESULTS: The emerged positive perceptions included friendly health care providers, husband’s active involvement, strengthened bonding with husband, freedom from traditional rituals and taboos, and giving the baby a U.S. citizenship. Difficulty in making medical decisions, health literacy, a different health system, different postpartum food culture, and lack of support system were identified as negative perceptions.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study may help health care providers in obstetrical settings better understand the meaningful aspects of childbirth experienced by Korean immigrant first-time mothers while they gave birth and received perinatal care in the U.S. sociocultural context. Immigrants’ childbirth experience in a foreign country has multidimensional aspects that suggest further research on their perinatal health needs evolving from a different health culture, culturally embedded health practices, and lack of support system.
Midwives’ Experiences of Work-Related Shoulder Musculoskeletal Problems
Authors: Long Maryann H. , Bogossian Fiona E. , Johnston Venerina 
Published: March 2013

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about musculoskeletal disorders in midwives as distinct from nurses. The study objective was to gain an understanding of midwives’ experiences with work-related shoulder problems.METHODS: We carried out semistructured interviews with 11 qualified Australian midwives with a history of shoulder problems, recruited through purposive sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and manually coded. An inductive approach was used to generate themes.RESULTS: Five major themes emerged in the analysis: attribution, universality of the experience, short-term coping, long-term coping, and support. Most participants held the view that musculoskeletal problems were normal occurrences and to be expected. Participants felt vulnerable and described the ways they protect themselves from further injury. Those who had left midwifery practice had generally done so for reasons other than the shoulder problem. Family members and coworkers were the main sources of support, whereas most supervisors were perceived as neutral at best.CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies that enhance well-being may be most effective. The workplace culture must encourage injury reporting to monitor safety issues and decrease costs at all levels. The study findings suggest several areas for future research in midwives to provide an evidence base for prevention/intervention strategies.
Using Peer Ethnography to Address Health Disparities Among Young Urban Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Mutchler Matt G. , McKay Tara , McDavitt Bryce , Gordon Kristie K. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We examined the effectiveness of peer ethnography to gain insider views on substance use and sex among a diverse range of high-risk substance-using Black and Latino young men who have sex with men. Methods. We recruited 9 peer ethnographers aged 21 to 24 years from youth programs for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community in Los Angeles, California, and trained them in ethnography, study protocol, and human participant protection. Peer ethnographers collected 137 single-spaced pages of field notes in 2009 and 2010 derived from observation of 150 members of the target population. Results. Peer ethnography revealed local language and phrasing and provided a window into new and different social contexts. Peers provided valuable information on current trends in substance use, revealing themes that needed to be addressed in further research, such as the use of substances during sex to “clock coin” (exchange sex for money and substances). These data enabled us to refine our recruitment strategies and ask more culturally relevant questions in a later phase of the study. Conclusions. The peer ethnography method can provide a sound basis for further research phases in multistage studies on numerous other social issues and with other hard-to-reach populations.
Alternative Tobacco Product Use and Smoking Cessation: A National Study
Authors: Popova Lucy , Ling Pamela M. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We investigated the frequency of alternative tobacco product use (loose leaf, moist snuff, snus, dissolvables, electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes]) among smokers and the association with quit attempts and intentions. Methods. A nationally representative probability-based cross-sectional survey of 1836 current or recently former adult smokers was completed in November 2011. Multivariate logistic regressions evaluated associations between alternative tobacco product use and smoking cessation behaviors. Results. Of the smokers, 38% had tried an alternative tobacco product, most frequently e-cigarettes. Alternative tobacco product use was associated with having made a quit attempt, and those intending to quit were significantly more likely to have tried and to currently use the products than were smokers with no intentions to quit. Use was not associated with successful quit attempts. Interest in future use of alternative tobacco products was low, except for e-cigarettes. Conclusions. Alternative tobacco products are attractive to smokers who want to quit smoking, but these data did not indicate that alternative tobacco products promote cessation. Unsubstantiated overt and implied claims that alternative tobacco products aid smoking cessation should be prohibited.
The “Backbone” of Stigma: Identifying the Global Core of Public Prejudice Associated With Mental Illness
Authors: Pescosolido Bernice A. , Medina Tait R. , Martin Jack K. , Long J. Scott 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We used the Stigma in Global Context–Mental Health Study to assess the core sentiments that represent consistent, salient public health intervention targets.Methods. Data from 16 countries employed a nationally representative sampling strategy, international collaboration for instrument development, and case vignettes with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition depression and schizophrenia criteria. We measured knowledge and prejudice with existing questions and scales, and employed exploratory data analysis to examine the public response to 43 items.Results. Across countries, levels of recognition, acceptance of neurobiological attributions, and treatment endorsement were high. However, a core of 5 prejudice items was consistently high, even in countries with low overall stigma levels. The levels were generally lower for depression than schizophrenia, and exclusionary sentiments for more intimate venues and in authority-based roles showed the greatest stigma. Negative responses to schizophrenia and depression were highly correlated across countries.Conclusions. These results challenge researchers to reconfigure measurement strategies and policymakers to reconsider efforts to improve population mental health. Efforts should prioritize inclusion, integration, and competences for the reduction of cultural barriers to recognition, response, and recovery.
Stigma, Discrimination, or Symptomatology Differences in Self-Reported Mental Health Between US-Born and Somalia-Born Black Americans
Authors: Henning-Smith Carrie , Shippee Tetyana P. , McAlpine Donna , Hardeman Rachel , Farah Farhiya 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We examined differences in self-reported mental health (SRMH) between US-born and Somalia-born Black Americans compared with White Americans. We tested how SRMH was affected by stigma toward seeing a mental health provider, discrimination in the health care setting, or symptoms of depression. Methods. Data were from a 2008 survey of adults in Minnesota and were limited to US-born and Somalia-born Black and White Americans (n = 938). Results. Somalia-born adults were more likely to report better SRMH than either US-born Black or White Americans. They also reported lower levels of discrimination (18.6%) than US-born Black Americans (33.4%), higher levels of stigma (23.6% vs 4.7%), and lower levels of depressive symptoms (9.1% vs 31.6%). Controlling for stigma, discrimination, and symptomatology, Somalia-born Black Americans reported better SRMH than White and Black Americans (odds ratio = 4.76). Conclusions. Mental health programming and health care providers who focus on Black Americans’ mental health might be missing important sources of heterogeneity. It is essential to consider the role of race and ethnicity, but also of nativity, in mental health policy and programming.
Neighborhood Incarceration Rate and Asthma Prevalence in New York City: A Multilevel Approach
Authors: Frank Joseph W. , Hong Clemens S. , Subramanian S. V. , Wang Emily A. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We examined the association between neighborhood incarceration rate and asthma prevalence and morbidity among New York City adults.Methods. We used multilevel modeling techniques and data from the New York City Community Health Survey (2004) to analyze the association between neighborhood incarceration rate and asthma prevalence, adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental characteristics. We examined interactions between neighborhood incarceration rate, respondent incarceration history, and race/ethnicity.Results. The mean neighborhood rate of incarceration was 5.4% (range = 2.1%–12.8%). Neighborhood incarceration rate was associated with individual-level asthma prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.10) in unadjusted models but not after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04). This association did not differ according to respondent race/ethnicity.Conclusions. Among New York City adults, the association between neighborhood incarceration rate and asthma prevalence is explained by the sociodemographic composition of neighborhoods and disparities in asthma prevalence at the individual level. Public health practitioners should further engage with criminal justice professionals and correctional health care providers to target asthma outreach efforts toward both correctional facilities and neighborhoods with high rates of incarceration.
Who Benefits from Tax Rate Transparency? Evidence from the Laboratory
Authors: Boylan Scott J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper provides evidence on the effects of tax rate transparency on the decisions of individuals who transact in a competitive environment. In a series of experimental markets, participants were required to generate after-tax trading profit sufficiently large to generate a specific return on investment. The degree to which the relevant tax rate was transparent to participants varied across markets. The results indicate that a lack of tax rate transparency had a negative effect on profits earned in the markets. Greater transparency led to higher profits for those who had access to the information about the relevant tax rate. In addition, the effect of greater transparency spilled over to those who did not have access to the information about the relevant tax rate. It was those participants who benefitted the most over the course of the experiment—simply by participating in markets in which the tax rate was transparent to others.
Improving Use-Tax Compliance by Decreasing Effort and Increasing Knowledge
Authors: Jones Christopher R. , Sejati Yuyun 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe explore two remedies that could help states improve use-tax compliance. The first remedy is designed to reduce the amount of effort an individual must exert to pay the use tax by having the vendor give the individual an option to pay the use tax online. The second remedy focuses on increasing knowledge about the use tax by providing the individual with information about the use tax during the purchasing process.The results from two states, Florida and Illinois, indicate that providing an individual with the option to pay the use tax increases the likelihood that the person will comply with the use-tax law. Providing information about the use tax, however, increases the likelihood of compliance only in Florida. Finally, there is a marginally significant interaction effect between the two remedies in Illinois.This study makes three important contributions. First, this study offers policy makers two concrete and feasible solutions to the use-tax compliance problems for online transactions. Second, this study contributes to the academic literature by expanding the tax compliance literature into a relatively unexplored area. Finally, this study shows how use-tax compliance decisions and the effectiveness of potential remedies may vary from one state to another.
CBCT of skeletal changes following rapid maxillary expansion to increase arch-length with a development-dependent bonded or banded appliance
Authors: Kanomi Ryuzo , Deguchi Toru , Kakuno Eriko , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko , Roberts W. Eugene 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To assess the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal response to a standardized 5 mm of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in growing children (6–15 years) with maxillary width deficiency and crowding.Materials and Methods:A bonded appliance was used prior to the eruption of the maxillary first premolars (Mx4s), and a banded appliance was used thereafter. A consecutive sample of 89 patients (29 boys and 60 girls) from a large pediatric dentistry and orthodontics practice was divided into four groups: 1) 6–8 years old (n  =  26), 2) 9–11 years old with unerupted Mx4s (n  =  21), 3) 9–11 years with erupted Mx4s (n  =  23), and 4) 12–15 years (n  =  19). For all patients, the 3D evaluation of dental and skeletal effects was performed with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Results:For both appliances in all patients, CBCT confirmed a triangular pattern of expansion in both the frontal and sagittal planes. Overall, both appliances produced significant maxillary expansion (&gt;80% of the 5-mm activation), but older children showed a progressively more dental (less skeletal) response. Comparison of the two types of expanders in the crossover sample, children aged 9–11 years, showed that the bonded RME produced the most efficient skeletal expansion in the preadolescent sample. Increased maxillary width at the level of the zygomaticomaxillary suture was the best indicator for development of maxillary arch circumference.Conclusion:Development-dependent appliances (bonded RPE before Mx4s erupt, and a banded device thereafter) provided optimal RME treatment for all children from age 6–15 years.
Thermal management of GaInNAs/GaAs VECSELs
Authors: Sokół A. , Sarzała R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDifferent methods used to reduce temperature increase within the active region of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) are described and compared with the aid of the self-consistent thermal finite-element method. Simulations have been carried out for the GaInNAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) VECSEL operating at room temperature at 1.31 μm. Main results are presented in form of ‘thermal maps’ which can be simply used to determine maximal temperature of different structures at specified pumping conditions. It has been found that these maps are also appropriate for some other GaAs-based VECSELs and can be very helpful especially during structure designing. Moreover, convective and thermal radiation heat transfer from laser walls has been investigated.
Towards optoelectronic detection of explosives
Authors: Wojtas J. , Stacewicz T. , Bielecki Z. , Rutecka B. , Medrzycki R. , Mikolajczyk J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDetection of explosives is an important challenge for contemporary science and technology of security systems. We present an application of NOx sensors equipped with concentrator in searching of explosives. The sensors using CRDS with blue — violet diode lasers (410 nm) as well as with QCL lasers (5.26 μm and 4.53 μm) are described. The detection method is based either on reaction of the sensors to the nitrogen oxides emitted by explosives or to NOx produced during thermal decomposition of explosive vapours. For TNT, PETN, RDX, and HMX the detection limit better than 1 ng has been achieved.
Simple wavelength pre-selection and stabilization of the single-frequency operation of a microchip laser
Authors: Antończak A. , Soboń G. , Abramski K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the concept and experimental verification of a simple method of wavelength pre-selection of a single frequency, second-harmonic generation SHG solid state laser Nd:YAG/KTP with the Lyot filter. Apart from well-known configuration of single-frequency operation, the Lyot filter to stabilization of the wavelength was used. The idea presented is based on a measurement of the losses introduced by the Lyot filter inside the laser cavity, or the maximums of laser output power as a measure of the assessment of the Lyot filter tuning to a required laser longitudinal mode, not requiring any external frequency standards. This method allows for the synthesization and stabilization of a selected wavelength from the spectrum range of the gain curve of the laser with the period determined by the “Lyot comb”. In the developed system 15 values of wavelength spaced at about 32 pm (∼ 7.9 GHz) for the infrared radiation were obtained.
Electrical properties of HgCdTe films grown by MOCVD and doped with as
Authors: Izhnin I. , Savytskyy H. , Fitsych O. , Piotrowski J. , Mynbaev K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractElectrical properties of HgCdTe films grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on GaAs substrates and doped with the As acceptor during the growth were studied. Discrete mobility spectrum analysis was used to extract the parameters of the as-grown films and films after ion milling and during prolonged relaxation of milling-induced defects. The measurements revealed significant compensation of the as-grown MOCVD HgCdTe with As on Te sites being the main defect, residual donor concentration of the order of (2–5)×1015 cm−3, and the presence of some unidentified defects.