bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Tanzanian prenatal group education program about preeclampsia/eclampsia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Sakurai Sachiko , Mwilike Beatrice , Horiuchi Shigeko , Mushy Stella E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThis study examined the effects of a prenatal group education program in Tanzania which was focused on preeclampsia/eclampsia according to knowledge, behavioral intention, Pregnancy‐Related Empowerment Scale, satisfaction, and the incidence of preeclampsia.MethodsThe study was conducted in two district hospitals in Tanzania and used a facility‐based pre‐post quasi‐experimental design with concurrent control. The prenatal group education program was developed to focus on preeclampsia/eclampsia and consisted of lectures, discussions, and review sessions directed at participatory group education. The intervention group participated in a midwife‐facilitated prenatal group education program, whereas the control group received routine care. Data were collected through questionnaires before the intervention and 1 month later. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.ResultsThe study analyzed 95 pregnant women within an intervention group (n = 48) and control group (n = 47). At the 1‐month post‐test, statistically significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in the knowledge score (mean = 3.8, SD = 3.6 vs. mean = −0.8, SD = 3.1, p < .001) and satisfaction score (mean = 4.9 vs. mean = 4.6, p = .032). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in the scores of behavioral intention, Pregnancy‐Related Empowerment Scale, and the incidence of preeclampsia.ConclusionThe prenatal group education program increased the knowledge level regarding preeclampsia and gave higher satisfaction among pregnant women. Knowledge was retained for at least 1 month. Continuity in implementation of this program is recommended.
City Digitalization and Corporate Financial Fraud: An Information Asymmetry Perspective
Authors: Shen Lu , Zhou Kevin Zheng , Luo Daokang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOne pivotal driver of corporate financial fraud is the information asymmetry between cooperative executives and external stakeholders. We propose that city‐level digitalization can mitigate such information asymmetry and deter financial fraud of local firms. Using panel data from listed firms and archival data in China, we find that city digitalization is negatively associated with the incidence of corporate financial fraud. However, this association is weaker in regions with high bureaucratic corruption but is stronger for firms with low corporate social responsibility scores. Further mediating analyses show that city digitalization reduces information asymmetry between local firms and the market and in turn decreases financial fraud incidence. Overall, our research sheds novel light on the governance role of city digitalization and highlights the significance of complementarity between various governance components.
Hypercoagulability identified in dogs with chronic enteropathy using a point‐of‐care viscoelastic assay
Authors: Barth S. I. , DeMonaco S. M. , Conner B. J. , Wilkinson A. R. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThromboelastography (TEG) using the TEG 6s, a point‐of‐care viscoelastic assay, was prospectively evaluated in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Additionally, the study determined whether disease activity, assessed using the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI), correlated with TEG 6s parameters.Materials and MethodsA CCECAI score and TEG using the TEG 6s (Haemonetics®) was performed on 19 dogs with CE. In a separate study, TEG using the TEG 6s was performed on 40 healthy adult dogs, which served as the control group. For statistical analysis, normally distributed data were analysed using the two‐sample t‐test. Non‐Gaussian data were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Correlations between TEG 6s parameters and the CCECAI scores were assessed using the Pearson test for data with Gaussian distribution and the Spearman test for data with non‐Gaussian distribution.ResultsDogs with CE had significantly shortened mean clot kinetics, prolonged mean reaction time (R) and increased alpha angle (angle), maximum amplitude (MA) and RapidTEG™ MA compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with CE had a significant median increase in Functional Fibrinogen MA compared to healthy dogs. The CCECAI moderately positively correlated with angle.Clinical SignificanceWith the exception of prolonged R, dogs with CE have several TEG 6s alterations suggestive of hypercoagulability.
On the Optimal Prediction of Extreme Events in Heavy‐Tailed Time Series With Applications to Solar Flare Forecasting
Authors: Verma Victor , Stoev Stilian , Chen Yang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe prediction of extreme events in time series is a fundamental problem arising in many financial, scientific, engineering, and other applications. We begin by establishing a general Neyman–Pearson‐type characterization of optimal extreme event predictors in terms of density ratios. This yields new insights and several closed‐form optimal extreme event predictors for additive models. These results naturally extend to time series, where we study optimal extreme event prediction for both light‐ and heavy‐tailed autoregressive and moving average models. Using a uniform law of large numbers for ergodic time series, we establish the asymptotic optimality of an empirical version of the optimal predictor for autoregressive models. Using multivariate regular variation, we obtain an expression for the optimal extremal precision in heavy‐tailed infinite moving averages, which provides theoretical bounds on the ability to predict extremes in this general class of models. We address the important problem of predicting solar flares by applying our theory and methodology to a state‐of‐the‐art time series consisting of solar soft x‐ray flux measurements. Our results demonstrate the success and limitations in solar flare forecasting of long‐memory autoregressive models and long‐range‐dependent, heavy‐tailed FARIMA models.
Natural neopolyploids: a stimulus for novel research
Authors: Edger Patrick P. , Soltis Douglas E. , Yoshioka Shunsuke , Vallejo‐Marin Mario , Shimizu‐Inatsugi Rie , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Salmon Armel , Hiscock Simon , Ainouche Malika , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryRecently formed allopolyploid species offer unprecedented insights into the early stages of polyploid evolution. This review examines seven well‐studied neopolyploids (we use ‘neopolyploid’ to refer to very recently formed polyploids, i.e. during the past 300 years), spanning different angiosperm families, exploring commonalities and differences in their evolutionary trajectories. Each neopolyploid provides a unique case study, demonstrating both shared patterns, such as rapid genomic and phenotypic changes, and unique responses to hybridization and genome doubling. While previous studies of these neopolyploids have improved our understanding of polyploidy, significant knowledge gaps remain, highlighting the need for further research into the varied impacts of whole‐genome duplication on gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and ecological interactions. Notably, all of these neopolyploids have spontaneously arisen due to human activity in natural environments, underscoring the profound consequences of polyploidization in a rapidly changing world. Understanding the immediate effects of polyploidy is crucial not only for evolutionary biology but also for applied practices, as polyploidy can lead to novel traits, as well as stress tolerance and increased crop yields. Future research directions include investigating the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying polyploid evolution, as well as exploring the potential of neopolyploids for crop improvement and environmental adaptation.
Conflicted About Coworkers: How Coworker Support Influences Engagement After Status Loss
Authors: Marr Jennifer Carson , Lemay Edward P. , Park Hyunsun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPeople's needs for status and support are theoretically distinct, yet little research has considered how people cope with having one but not the other. We examine how people react to status loss as a function of whether they typically perceive their coworkers as supportive. Although social support is documented as a resource people can draw on to cope with failure at work, we argue that in the case of failures that implicate status (i.e., status loss), experiencing these events in a more supportive work group may not aid recovery and reengagement. Specifically, we predict that when the preexisting group context is one of more (rather than less) supportive coworkers, status loss may elicit greater ambivalence about those coworker relationships, triggering psychological reactions that undermine engagement. Consistent with this model, in a weekly experience sampling study of working adults (Study 1), having more supportive coworkers led to a stronger negative effect of weekly status loss on subsequent engagement. In scenario‐based (Study 2) and high‐involvement laboratory (Study 3) experiments featuring different manipulations of coworker support and status loss, we found that when individuals experienced status loss in more (rather than less) supportive work groups, status loss led to lower engagement because it heightened ambivalence about their coworker relationships, which triggered anxiety (Study 2), and self‐threat and hurt feelings (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Serosurvey of Toxocariasis and Its Association With Allergic Asthma in Children: A Case–Control Study in Southwest Iran
Authors: Pouryousef Ali , Abbasi Reza , Mehrabi Samer , Moshfe AbdolAli , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Rezaei Zahra , Rostamzadeh Davoud , Saadat AminAlah , ArefKhah Nasir 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEvidence from multiple data sources indicates that toxocariasis might play a role in the allergic asthma in children. This case–control study investigated the connection between Toxocara seropositivity and allergic asthma. It also sought to identify the conventional risk factors associated with both asthma and Toxocara infection. In this case–control study, 200 allergic asthma children and 208 children with no history of allergic asthma were included as the healthy group. Sera samples were examined for specific anti‐Toxocara IgG antibodies using a serological assay. The overall prevalence of toxocariasis was 6.9% among children. The seroprevalence of toxocariasis in asthmatic children and healthy children was 8% and 5.8%, respectively, with no significant difference (p‐value = 0.373). In subgroup analyses based on sociodemographic, Toxocara infection seropositivity was significantly associated with two independent variables, including the father's occupation (p‐value = 0.017) and soil contact in asthmatic children (p‐value = 0.033). Our results showed a higher prevalence of Toxocara infection in asthmatic children compared to healthy controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. To gain a clearer understanding and comparison of Toxocara infection rates between asthmatic and healthy children, additional comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes and diverse detection methods using different antigenic sources are required.
Reproducibility of Tongue Pressure Values in Adults With Down Syndrome
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisaho , Oda Yuki , Aoki Gaku , Orihashi Yasushi , Miyazaki Hironori , Morimoto Masako , Yamada Sachiko , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Okada Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimDown syndrome (DS) involves an extra chromosome 21 and tongue hypotonicity. This study examined reproducibility of tongue pressure measurement (TPM) in DS patients.MethodsThirty patients with DS (13 females) who were able to complete three measurements underwent a tongue pressure test (TPT). Reproducibility was evaluated using intraindividual standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV). Patients were divided into two groups based on developmental age (DA): DA ≥ 4 years (over‐4 DA) and DA < 4 years (under‐4 DA).ResultsThirty DS patients with a mean age of 33.0 ± 11.7 years and mean DA of 3.8 ± 1.2 years were analyzed. Median tongue pressure was 17.6 kPa, SD was 2.0 kPa, and CV was 11.9. Eleven patients were in the under‐4 DA group, and 19 were in the over‐4 DA group. Significant differences in speech presence and CV values were observed between the groups (p = 0.002, 0.043).ConclusionsThe reproducibility of the TPT in DS patients with a DA ≥ 4 years is comparable to that in normal subjects.
Current Theories and Epistemologies of Couple Communication Center White American Modes of Interaction
Authors: Williamson Hannah C. , Chen Po‐Heng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe way that partners communicate with each other has been strongly linked with relationship outcomes, and communication therefore occupies a prominent place in key theories of relationship functioning. Direct observation is considered the gold standard methodology for studying couple communication, and this method has been widely used in relationship science over the past 5 decades. Although direct observation of partners' interactional exchanges has yielded insight into the functioning of relationships, it is a tool that is the product of research conducted in the Global North, primarily using samples of White American couples. White American modes of communication and interaction prioritize openly and directly confronting problems, but there is evidence to indicate that this paradigm would not adequately capture the various ways that couples from other cultural backgrounds deal with relationship problems or communicate love and support. By upholding this rigid epistemological definition of “good science,” relationship scholars are limiting our ability to accurately understand relationship functioning among couples from cultural backgrounds that are not aligned with White American ideals, and perpetuating the White American mode of interaction as the “correct” way to behave in a relationship. The current manuscript highlights the ways in which the current observational paradigm is problematic for diversifying relationship science and discusses adjustments that must be made to this methodology, as well as alternative methodological approaches for studying couple communication, that should be adopted in order to move toward an inclusive, global science of close relationships.
A Credibility Revolution for Relationship Science: Where Can We Step Up Our Game?
Authors: Joel Samantha , Eastwick Paul W. , Khera Devinder 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe discipline of psychology is undergoing a credibility revolution whereby researchers are critically evaluating and improving their research practices. In this review, we consider how the field of relationship science could capitalize on this movement in the context of four types of validity. Regarding statistical‐conclusions validity, we find that relationship scientists are engaging in open science practices (e.g., preregistration, open data sharing) at similar rates to other fields in the context of personality and social psychology journals. However, journals that are specific to the field (i.e., close relationships journals) could do more to encourage these practices. Meanwhile, new meta‐scientific research suggests that the field would benefit greatly from rigorous, widescale measurement validation work (construct validity), novel strategies to account for causal confounds (internal validity), and more diverse representation in our samples and measures (external validity). Overall, the credibility revolution offers several specific, actionable recommendations to improve the validity of research findings, many of which are highly relevant to relationship science.
Effect of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivation on soil organic carbon stocks in Germany
Authors: Grunwald Dennis , Poeplau Christopher , Koch Heinz‐Josef , Jacobs Anna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSugar beet is generally seen as detrimental to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for multiple reasons although actual data verifying this claim are scarce. In this study, two approaches were combined to examine the effect of sugar beet on SOC from field data in Germany. First, SOC data of the German Agricultural Soil Inventory were used to compare sugar beet sites with similar sites without sugar beet cultivation. Second, a long‐term crop rotation trial in Central Germany was evaluated for differences in SOC among crop rotations with and without sugar beet. Further, carbon input into soil from sugar beet residues was compared with wheat as a reference. In the nationwide dataset, lower SOC stocks (−4.6%) were found for sugar beet sites compared with those without. However, a re‐sampling of the sites 10 years later showed no (further) SOC loss. In the long‐term trial, no negative impact of sugar beet cultivation on SOC was found. From both databases, carbon input from sugar beet crop residues (2 and 2.7 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively) was much lower than from wheat (3.6 and 5.8 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively) because of evident differences in the amount of belowground residues. However, this may be counteracted by growing cover crops before sugar beet, as done in the long‐term field trial studied. We conclude that sugar beet might have had a negative impact on SOC stocks in the past, yet that this does not necessarily continue in the present on long‐term sugar beet fields, possibly because of a current steady SOC state. When growing cover crops, sugar beet cultivation might have no negative effect on SOC at all. In any case, a general loss of SOC because of sugar beet cultivation cannot be assumed.
Reflections on the Use of k‐Nearest‐Neighbours Bespoke Neighbourhoods in Urban Studies
Authors: Amcoff Jan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDuring the first decades of the 21st century, bespoke neighbourhoods have often replaced predefined areas in urban studies. This development has been enabled by the improved availability of detailed data, as well as methodological innovations (e.g. the construction of bespoke neighbourhoods based on k‐nearest neighbours, or knn). This paper argues that, while knn‐based bespoke neighbourhoods facilitate more nuanced results in several respects, they do not provide all the advantages claimed by their advocates; as have been pointed out, they also present new problems. A literature review of the arguments for knn, illustrated by concrete examples of how k = 400 neighbourhoods fit the varying physical urban environments, leads to the conclusion that, despite explicit claims to the contrary, the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) still remains, and certainly various physical aspects of urban space, are largely ignored. Finally, this article discusses various possible ways to include aspects currently missing.
Nigerian English: History, functions and features
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley O. , Aboh Sopuruchi Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article offers a comprehensive overview of Nigerian English, a rapidly expanding variety of world Englishes, recognised as one of the fastest‐growing varieties of English globally in numerical terms. This article has four aims. First, it discusses the historical developments of English in Nigeria with reference to the events that led to the implantation of English in Nigeria and the periods in which these events occurred. Second, the article highlights the status and functions of English in official, educational, religious, media, creative writing and other domains in Nigeria. Third, it describes the phonological, lexico‐semantic, morphosyntactic and discourse–pragmatic features of Nigerian English. Finally, following the survey, this article suggests directions for future research on Nigerian English. A key conclusion drawn from this article is that English has firmly established itself in Nigeria and that the functional range, significance and recognition of Nigerian English are expected to continue expanding.
On the minimal period of integer tilings
Authors: Łaba Izabella , Zakharov Dmitrii 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIf a finite set tiles the integers by translations, it also admits a tiling whose period has the same prime factors as . We prove that the minimal period of such a tiling is bounded by , where is the diameter of . In the converse direction, given , we construct tilings whose minimal period has the same prime factors as and is bounded from below by . We also discuss the relationship between minimal tiling period estimates and the Coven–Meyerowitz conjecture.
The Algebraic Kirchberg–Phillips Question for Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Ruiz Efren 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Algebraic Kirchberg–Phillips Question for Leavitt path algebras asks whether pointed ‐theory is a complete isomorphism invariant for unital, simple, purely infinite Leavitt path algebras over finite graphs. Most work on this problem has focused on determining whether (up to isomorphism) there is a unique unital, simple, Leavitt path algebra with trivial ‐theory (often reformulated as the question of whether the Leavitt path algebras and are isomorphic). However, it is unknown whether a positive answer to this special case implies a positive answer to the Algebraic Kirchberg–Phillips Question. In this note, we pose a different question that asks whether two particular non‐simple Leavitt path algebras and are isomorphic, and we prove that a positive answer to this question implies a positive answer to the Algebraic Kirchberg–Phillips Question.