bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Bioactivity of Southern African Flora II: Flavonoids, Quinones and Minor Compound Classes
Authors: Babiaka Smith B. , Ntie‐Kang Fidele , Ndingkokhar Bakoh , Mbah James A. , Sippl Wolfgang , Yong Joseph N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReview: 134 refs + subrefs.
Influence of Temperature on the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles by using a Seed‐Free Photochemical Method under Sodium‐Lamp Irradiation
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Ling , Juang Tzong‐Yuan , Chang Shi‐Hise , Tsai Chin‐Ming , Lai Yen‐Shang , Yang Li‐Chen , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSilver nanoparticles can be prepared by using a seed‐free photo‐assisted citrate reduction method under the irradiation of a sodium lamp. Under the same irradiation intensity, bath temperatures are crucial in influencing the reaction rate, morphologies of final products, and shape evolution of the silver nanostructures. For example, when the bath temperature is 80 °C, the product yields of silver nanoplates, nanorods, and nanodecahedra are 38±6 %, 35±10 %, and 12±8 %, respectively. However, when the bath temperature is 30 °C, the product yields of silver nanoplates, nanorods, and nanodecahedra are 6±3 %, 0 %, and 83±16 %, respectively. Time‐dependent UV/Vis spectra and TEM images show that silver nanoplates were formed at the earlier reaction stage and greatly decreased in amount at the later stage when the bath temperatures are less than or equal to 40 °C. This indicates that the silver nanoplates, which can be regarded as intermediates, are kinetically favored products. They are not thermodynamically favored products at these relatively low bath temperatures. The SERS spectra of crystal violet (CV) show that all the silver colloids synthesized at various temperatures exhibit good enhancement factors and that the colloids prepared at lower bath temperatures have a higher enhancement factor.
Evaluating trade‐offs in energy‐efficient error detection
Authors: Rokicki Markus , Drozda Martin 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDue to the fact that in well‐engineered systems, normal behavior is the dominant case, it is necessary that normal behavior can be recognized in an energy‐efficient way. When cascading classification is applied, the task of the first classifier is to impose energy efficiency, whereas the task of the other classifier (or classifiers) is to provide false positives control. Adaptivity to novel or re‐occurring errors can be in this setup carried out by including a feedback loop enabling that the first classifier improves its capability to recognize normal behavior. However, in order to sustain adaptivity, it is necessary to provide the feedback loop with some minimum number of instances from both behavior classes. This results in a trade‐off between energy efficiency and error detection performance. In order to obtain a trade‐off that is suitable in a given situation, it is necessary that a methodology for comparing trade‐offs across qualitatively different types of error detection approaches is available. Therefore, we propose and evaluate an approach for comparing trade‐offs that is based on iso‐performance lines. In addition, we also propose and evaluate several modifications to k‐nearest neighbor and decision tree classifiers, so that different grades of trade‐offs can be obtained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation of masonry arches exposed to horizontal impact / Experimentelle Untersuchungen von Mauerwerksbögen unter Horizontalanprall
Authors: Proske Dirk , Krawtschuk Alexander , Zeman Oliver , Strauss Alfred 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract: Arch bridges still form a large part of the bridge stock in German‐speaking countries and in Europe. In general, they have a high loadbearing capacity for vertical loads. However, only a limited number of research investigations into the capacity of these bridges to resist horizontal impact have been carried out. In this paper we describe static and dynamic tests for the evaluation of the loadbearing capacity of masonry arches exposed to horizontal loads in transverse direction. Furthermore, a simple engineering model is developed for such load cases.
Confined Masonry subjected to Lateral Loads / Eingefasstes Mauerwerk unter Plattenbeanspruchung
Authors: Schöps Peter , Jäger Wolfram 
Published: August 2015

AbstractJust as with shear stress on the edges of masonry walls, prestressing through the confinement and restraint of all four sides of the wall improves the load‐carrying capacity under lateral loads.The extra load arising from prestressing leads to increased flexural strength of the masonry. The confinement of the edges results in relatively smaller span moments. In this case, the torsional stiffness of the reinforced concrete frame is important. This is determined by the frame itself as well as by its integration within the building.As a supplement to [4], an examination of panel loading was also performed within the guidelines of a research project at the TU Dresden, Chair for Structural Design, on behalf of the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning on the subject of “Confined Masonry as an Option for Increasing the Load‐Carrying Capacity of Stiffening Walls”[9].The various influences are to be initially researched on the basis of various analytical observations and a small numerical study. A thorough, experimentally‐based clarification of the load‐carrying capacity of the panels was not possible within the framework of the research project.
Ag Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite‐modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as Electrochemical Interface for Catechol Sensing
Authors: Ravishankar T. N. , Suresh Kumar K. , Teixeira S. R. , Fernandez C. , Ramakrishnappa T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical sensing of catechol (CC) on a glassy carbon electrode modified with the ionothermal assisted synthesis of Ag doped TiO2 a nanoparticle has been successfully demonstrated for the first time.Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of catechol than glassy carbon electrode itself. The modified electrode also exhibits high selectivity towards this analyte in the presence of some of the metal ions and some of the biological compounds. Linear ranges and the limit of detections with the above electrode are 1–15 µM and 0.0249 µM respectively. The optimized protocol has been utilized for monitoring the catechol in some of the natural samples like apple juice and green tea and in industrial effluents.
Co-exposure of ZnO nanoparticles and UV radiation to Daphnia magna and Danio rerio: Combined effects rather than protection
Authors: Azevedo Sofia L. , Ribeiro Fabianne , Jurkschat Kerstin , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Loureiro Susana 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products has been increasing over the past few years. Their release into the environment is likely to happen at any stage of production or during the use of products containing NPs. Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NP) are among the most-used NPs on the market due to its intrinsic properties, such as ultraviolet (UV) absorption. The aim of the present study was to assess the combined effects of ZnO-NP and UV radiation on 2 freshwater species: Daphnia magna and Danio rerio. The initial hypothesis was that the presence of ZnO-NP in the aquatic media would decrease the damaging effects of UV radiation for both species. The endpoints assessed for D. magna were immobilization, feeding inhibition, and reproduction output. For D. rerio, egg development was studied during 96 h and mortality, hatching delay, and abnormal development were the endpoints recorded. Combined exposures were designed based on the single toxicity of both stressors and analyzed based on the independent action concept and exploring possible deviations for synergism/antagonism, dose level, and dose ratio. Combined exposures with D. magna induced synergism on reproduction, decreasing the number of neonates produced more than expected based on both stressors' individual toxicity. Single exposures of D. rerio embryos to both stressors induced negative effects. The combined exposures caused a dose-ratio deviation pattern on mortality and hatching, with a synergism observed when ZnO-NP was the dominant stressor, changing to antagonism when UV radiation dominated the combined exposure. Regarding the results attained, studying ZnO toxicity under laboratory conditions may underestimate the risks when considering the potential interaction on effects when combined with UV radiation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:458–467. © 2015 SETAC
Improving guideline sensitivity and specificity for the identification of proactive gastrostomy placement in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Brown Teresa E. , Crombie Jane , Spurgin Ann‐Louise , Tripcony Lee , Keller Jacqui , Hughes Brett G. M. , Dickie Graeme , Kenny Lizbeth Moira , Hodge Robert A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing and nutrition guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer are available for identification of proactive gastrostomy placement in patients with high nutritional risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate improvements to the validity of these guidelines.MethodsA multivariate analysis was fitted to the original dataset (n = 501) to examine the variables that may predict gastrostomy placement (eg, tumor site, treatment, sex, and age). Using these factors, the high risk category was modified and retrospectively validated in the same cohort to provide new measures of sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe following were positive predictors of gastrostomy placement: T3 (p = .01), T4 (p < .001), and chemoradiotherapy (p < .001). Laryngeal (p = .02) and skin cancer (p < .001) were negative predictors. Modification of the high risk definition improved sensitivity to 58% and maintained specificity at 92%.ConclusionMinor modifications to the high risk definition in the guidelines have improved the guideline sensitivity for future use. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1163–E1171, 2016
Review of laboratory-based terrestrial bioaccumulation assessment approaches for organic chemicals: Current status and future possibilities
Authors: Hoke Robert , Huggett Duane , Brasfield Sandra , Brown Becky , Embry Michelle , Fairbrother Anne , Kivi Michelle , Paumen Miriam Leon , Prosser Ryan , Salvito Dan , Scroggins Rick 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the last decade, interest has been renewed in approaches for the assessment of the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals, principally driven by the need to evaluate large numbers of chemicals as part of new chemical legislation, while reducing vertebrate test organism use called for in animal welfare legislation. This renewed interest has inspired research activities and advances in bioaccumulation science for neutral organic chemicals in aquatic environments. In January 2013, ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened experts to identify the state of the science and existing shortcomings in terrestrial bioaccumulation assessment of neutral organic chemicals. Potential modifications to existing laboratory methods were identified, including areas in which new laboratory approaches or test methods could be developed to address terrestrial bioaccumulation. The utility of “non-ecotoxicity” data (e.g., mammalian laboratory data) was also discussed. The highlights of the workshop discussions are presented along with potential modifications in laboratory approaches and new test guidelines that could be used for assessing the bioaccumulation of chemicals in terrestrial organisms. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:109–122. © 2015 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
Data and information on bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in terrestrial organisms, including plants, is often not considered or plays a minor role in current bioaccumulation assessments. Development of integrated assessment approaches that maximize and expand the use of laboratory toxicity data collected during regulatory testing is important to meet animal welfare concerns. Adaptation of available laboratory tests with terrestrial organisms (e.g., plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates such as birds, mice, rats, etc.) may provide data relevant for terrestrial bioaccumulation assessments. Relevant and meaningful metrics and a tiered framework for the expression and evaluation of the potential for bioaccumulation in terrestrial organisms and food chains need to be developed and agreed upon by the scientific and regulatory communities.
From Where Do You Read the World?
Authors: Jones Stephanie , Woglom James F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article argues for the expansion of critical literacies in teacher education to include literacies offered by the material turn in social theory. A graphic memoir is used as an example of scholarship produced to engage with critical literacies as well as literacies required for a material‐discursive analysis of the social. The piece is illustrative of the deconstructive and multimodal literacies that are important to cultivate with adolescents and adults in teacher education broadly speaking and literacy teacher education more specifically. From where do you read the world, and why? Is a rich provocation for preservice and inservice teachers to contemplate forces that existed prior to their birth and continue throughout life? Supporting the acquisition of these literacies cannot only enhance one's understanding of lived experiences but can also serve as a repertoire of ways of thinking/speaking/being in more just ways in the world, in the classroom, and as a teacher.
A Comparison of Humiliation Measurement in a Depressive Versus Non‐clinical Sample: A Possible Clinical Utility
Authors: Collazzoni A. , Capanna C. , Bustini M. , Marucci C. , Prescenzo S. , Ragusa M. , Tosone A. , Di Ubaldo V. , Stratta P. , Rossi A. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveWe aimed to deepen the clinical utility of humiliation assessment in the study of depression.MethodWe performed a correlational analysis of the relationship between humiliation, depression, resilience, and negative primary familial environment in 80 clinically depressed subjects (41 men and 39 women; mean age = 40.71, standard deviation SD = 9.94) and a strictly matched sample of 80 non‐clinical subjects (41 men and 39 women; mean age = 40.64, SD = 10.24). We also implemented a hierarchical multiple regression analysis for each sample, to test the prediction of these variables on depression.ResultsHumiliation showed positive correlations with depressive factors, while negative correlations emerged with resilience in both samples. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed humiliation to be the most predictive factor of depression in the clinical sample only.ConclusionThis study improves the understanding of the relationship of humiliation and depression in both clinical and non‐clinical populations.
On the optimization of imaging protocol for the mapping of cerebrovascular reactivity
Authors: Ravi Harshan , Thomas Binu P. , Peng Shin‐Lei , Liu Hanli , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundTo devise an improved blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging protocol for cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measurement that can remove a known artifact of negative values.MethodsTheoretical and simulation studies were first performed to understand the biophysical mechanism of the negative CVR signals, through which improved BOLD sequence parameters were proposed. This was achieved by equating signal intensities between cerebrospinal fluid and blood, by means of shortening the echo time (TE) of the BOLD sequence. Then, 10 healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in an experimental study, in which we compared the CVR results of two versions of the optimized (“Opt1” and “Opt2”) protocols with that of the standard protocol at 3 Tesla. Two sessions were performed for each subject to test the reproducibility of all three protocols.ResultsExperimental results demonstrated that the optimized protocols resulted in elimination of negative‐CVR voxels. Quantitative CVR results were compared across protocols, which show that the optimized protocols yielded smaller CVR values (Opt1: 0.16 ± 0.01 %BOLD/mmHg CO2; Opt2: 0.15 ± 0.01 %BOLD/mmHg CO2) than (P < 0.001) the standard protocol (0.21 ± 0.01 %BOLD/mmHg CO2), but the CNR was comparable (P = 0.1) to the standard protocol. The coefficient‐of‐variation between repetitions was found to be 5.6 ± 1.4%, 6.3 ± 1.6%, and 6.9 ± 0.9% for the three protocols, but there were no significant differences (P = 0.65).ConclusionBased on the theoretical and experimental results obtained from this study, we suggest that the use of a TE shorter than those used in fMRI is necessary to minimize negative artifact in CVR results. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:661–668.
Drumlin sedimentology in a hard‐bed, lowland setting, Connemara, western Ireland: implications for subglacial bedform generation in areas of sparse till cover
Authors: EVANS DAVID J. A. , ROBERTS DAVID H. , COFAIGH COLM Ó 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCores of coastal drumlins in Connemara contain stratified diamictons that interdigitate with gravelly clinoforms and finer grained rhythmites. The diamictons are interpreted as subaqueous mud apron deposits delivered by subglacial till advection to continuously failing subaqueous ice‐contact fans, whose strata were being syn‐depositionally over‐steepened by glacitectonic deformation. The localized nature of the stratified sediments reflects the emergence of subglacial deforming tills and meltwater deposits in a glacilacustrine environment to produce interdigitated mass flow diamictons and grounding line fans/wedges. These depo‐centres became glacitectonized and subglacially streamlined during glacier overriding and hence regional drumlin sedimentology reflects the varying degrees of inheritance of pre‐existing glacigenic deposits and suggests that drumlin production relates more to the position of localized sediment accumulations at the glacier bed than full‐depth till deformation processes (e.g. instability mechanisms) within the same drumlin field. Till cored drumlins give way down ice to stratified cored drumlins with till caps and then to stratified drumlins. This zonation is compatible with the increased lateral variability in drumlin composition that would arise from the occurrence of linear assemblages of glacifluvial (esker) and subaqueous (grounding line) sediments in an otherwise marginal‐thickening till sheet.
Natural antimicrobials and high‐pressure treatments on the inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coliO157:H7 in cold‐smoked salmon
Authors: Montiel Raquel , Martín‐Cabrejas Izaskun , Medina Margarita 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) combined with reuterin and lactoperoxidase system (LPS) has exerted antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in cold‐smoked salmon at chilled temperatures. Therefore the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of HHP combined with reuterin, LPS and lactoferrin (LF) on the survival of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cold‐smoked salmon stored at 4 and 10 °C.RESULTSSalmonella Enteritidis and E. coli O157:H7 were reduced more than 3 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1 by the pressure treatment (450 MPa/5 min). LPS slightly diminished pathogen levels throughout storage, whereas no effect was recorded when reuterin or LF was added. The Salmonella population was below the detection limit (<1 log CFU g−1) during the storage of HHP‐treated smoked salmon at 4 and 10 °C. The antimicrobial activity of HHP against E. coli O157:H7 was increased when 450 MPa was applied in combination with LPS in cold‐smoked salmon at 4 and 10 °C.CONCLUSIONHHP at 450 MPa/5 min inactivated S. Enteritidis in cold‐smoked salmon and in combination with LPS would be useful as a hurdle technology approach against E. coli O157:H7, even under mild temperature abuse conditions. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of a gastric cancer nomogram using a cancer registry
Authors: Ashfaq Awais , Kidwell John T. , McGhan Lee J. , Dueck Amylou C. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Gray Richard J. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Wasif Nabil 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundA Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSKCC) nomogram predicts disease specific survival (DSS) for gastric adenocarcinoma. The goal of this study is to use a cancer registry to compare nomogram predicted survival with actual survival in the general population.MethodsAll patients undergoing surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1988–2012) were studied.Results6954 patients were identified. Majority of cancers were in the antrum (30.2%), and had intestinal histology (73.7%). Median follow‐up was 8.2 years. Five year DSS for nomogram risk groups (0–25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, and 76–100%) was 23%, 48%, 57%, and 81% respectively. Actual DSS was 7–15% lower than nomogram predicted DSS. Relative to patients in the 76–100% 5‐year DSS risk group, patients in the 0–25%, 26–50%, and 51–75% groups had significantly higher risks of death with hazard ratios of 6.84 (95%CI 6.12–7.65), 3.30 (95%CI 2.83–3.86), and 2.64 (95%CI 2.30–3.03), respectively (all P < 0.001). The concordance index for 5‐year nomogram predicted DSS was 0.68 (95%CI 0.67–0.69).ConclusionsThe MSKCC gastric cancer nomogram over‐estimates DSS from gastric cancer in the general population and has a moderate concordance index. Predictive tools generated at specialized institutions may not perform as well in the general population. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:377–380. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Barriers to Care in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Topper Kegan , van Rooyen Kempie , Grobler Christoffel , van Rooyen Dalena , Andersson Lena M.C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA range of barriers to seeking mental health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries has been investigated. Little, however, is known of the barriers to care and help‐seeking behavior among people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This was a population‐based study including 977 people aged 18–40 years from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Current PTSD was assessed by using a diagnostic questionnaire (Mini International Psychiatric Interview). An additional questionnaire captured socioeconomic and health‐related data. The prevalence of current PTSD was 10.8%. Only 48.1% of people with current PTSD accessed health care services. Younger people aged 18 to 29 years were less likely to seek health care, OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.15, 0.85]. People earning a salary or wage, OR = 2.91, 95% CI [1.26, 6.71]; and those with tuberculosis, OR = 11.63, 95% CI [1.42, 95.56], were more likely to seek health care. A range of barriers to seeking care were identified, the most striking being stigma and a lack of knowledge regarding the nature and treatment of mental illness. People with current PTSD may seek help for other health concerns and brief screening means those affected may be readily identified.
Characterization of colombeau generalized functions by their pointvalues
Authors: Oberguggenberger M. , Kunzinger M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new characterization of elements of Colombeau — type algebras of generalized functions is presented. Since Colombeau functions are not uniquely determined by their pointvalues as defined in [1], [2], a concept of generalized points suitable for securing such a pointvalue description is introduced. This characterization provides an affirmative answer to an open question in the theory of algebras of generalized functions and enables a direct transfer of methods from classical analysis to generalized functions.