bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in measurement for 43 biochemistry, immunoassay, and hemostasis routine analytes evaluated by a method using only external quality assessment data
Authors: Matar Gladys , Poggi Bernard , Meley Roland , Bon Chantal , Chardon Laurence , Chikh Karim , Renard Anne-Claude , Sotta Catherine , Eynard Jean-Christophe , Cartier Regine , Cohen Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: International organizations require from medical laboratories a quantitative statement of the uncertainty in measurement (UM) to help interpret patient results. The French accreditation body (COFRAC) recommends an approach (SH GTA 14 IQC/EQA method) using both internal quality control (IQC) and external quality assessment (EQA) data. The aim of this work was to validate an alternative way to quantify UM using only EQA results without any need for IQC data. This simple and practical method, which has already been described as the long-term evaluation of the UM (LTUM), is based on linear regression between data obtained by participants in EQA schemes and target values. We used it for 43 routine analytes covering biochemistry, immunoassay, and hemostasis fields.

Methods: Data from 50 laboratories participating in ProBioQual (PBQ) EQA schemes over 25 months were used to obtain estimates of the median and 90th percentile LTUM and to compare them to the usual analytical goals. Then, the two UM estimation methods were compared using data from 20 laboratories participating in both IQC and EQA schemes.

Results: Median LTUMs ranged from 2.9% (sodium) to 16.3% (bicarbonates) for biochemistry analytes, from 12.6% (prothrombin time) to 18.4% (factor V) for hemostasis analytes when using the mean of all participants, and were around 10% for immunoassays when using the peer-group mean. Median LTUMs were, in most cases, slightly lower than those obtained with the SH GTA 14 method, whatever the concentration level.

Conclusions: LTUM is a simple and convenient method that gives UM estimates that are reliable and comparable to those of recommended methods. Therefore, proficiency testing (PT) organizers are allowed to provide participants with an additional UM estimate using only EQA data and which could be updated at the end of each survey.
Functionality and physico-chemical characteristics of wheat straw lignin, Biolignin™, derivatives formed in the oxypropylation process
Authors: Arshanitsa Alexandr , Vevere Laima , Telysheva Galina , Dizhbite Tatiana , Gosselink Richard J.A. , Bikovens Oskars , Jablonski Anton 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The new organosolv process of wheat straw fractionation elaborated by Compagnie Industrielle de la matiere Vegetale (France) corresponds to the biorefinery approach, which allows separating cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The straw lignin (Biolignin™) is an attractive product, for which new applications are sought. In the present work, straw lignin (L) was converted into liquid lignopolyols via a batch reaction with propylene oxide (PO). The effects of the lignin content (L%) in the initial reaction mixture (L/(L+PO) on the oxypropylation process and the properties of whole lignopolyols and L/PO copolymers were studied. Almost complete disappearance of L-OHphen and L-COOH groups in copolymers was accompanied by an increase in the L-OHaliph groups’ content therein. The polydispersity (M

w

/M

n
) of all copolymers obtained decreased essentially compared to the reference. The extent of PO grafting onto OH groups increased with decreasing lignin content in the initial reaction mixture. At a lignin content of 15–30% in the initial reaction mixture, the lignopolyols fulfil the requirements of polyol polyethers for rigid polyurethane foam production. The further increase in the lignin content leads to the appearance of the non-liquefied fraction and the undesirable increase in the viscosity of the liquefied part.
Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpus
erinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity
Authors: Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Olaleye M. Tolulope , Komolafe Kayode , Adetuyi Abayomi O. , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: Novel hepatoprotectives are needed to address the increasing cases of liver problems worldwide. Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) ethanol stem bark extract (PE) and its constituent flavonoid, homopterocarpin (HP), were investigated for their protective property in acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.

Methods: Adult male albino rats were divided into nine groups. Seven groups were pretreated with PE (50-, 100-, and 150 mg/kg), HP (25-, 50-, and 75 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg), respectively, once daily for 5 consecutive days and then administered acetaminophen (2 g/kg) on the 5th day. The control and acetaminophen-intoxicated groups received normal saline throughout the experimental period, with the latter group additionally receiving 2 g/kg acetaminophen on the 5th day. Administrations were performed po.

Results: In the acetaminophen-intoxicated group, there were significant increases (p<0.05) in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (31.72±3.3 vs. 22.1±1.2 U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (185.1±10.1 vs. 103.83±13.3 U/I), bilirubin level and hepatic malondialdehyde (2.32±0.3 vs. 1.42±0.1 units/mg protein), accompanied with significant decreases (p<0.05) in hepatic reduced glutathione level (0.10±0.01 vs. 0.23±0.03 units/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase activity (2.51±0.2 vs. 3.25±0.2 μmol H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein) compared with the control.

Conclusions: PE and HP ameliorated most of the observed biochemical alterations with HP appearing to show more potency. The results suggest that the flavonoid, homopterocarpin contributes to the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potentials of P. erinaceus extract.
Orthoamides and iminium salts, LXXXIX. Reactions of N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″,N′″,N′″-octamethyl-acetylene-bis(carboxamidinium) tetrafluoroborate with nucleophilic reagents – new methods for the preparation of amidinium salts and ketene aminalsa
Authors: Drandarov Konstantin , Tiritiris Ioannis , Kantlehner Willi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The acetylene-bis(carboxamidinium) salt 4 dehydrates carboxylic acids to the corresponding anhydrides, as the byproduct 2-oxo-but-2-en-amidinium salt 6b was isolated. Aromatic hydroxy compounds and 2-furyl-methylmercaptan add to the triple bond of the salt 4 to give 2-aryloxy- and 2-alkylmercapto-but-2-ene-bis(amidinium) salts 7–9. According to this reaction principle, 2-organoamino-buten-2-ene-bis(amidinium) salts 10 and 11 were prepared from 4 and primary and secondary amines, whereas 4-chlorobenzhydrazide reacted with 4 to give the imidazole-3-carboxamidinium salt 13. The reaction of CH2-acidic compounds as malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate with the bis(amidinium) salt 4 affords 2-cyanomethylene-but-3-enamidinium salts 15. With the CH-acidic diethyl 2-bromomalonate, compound 4 undergoes a Michael-initiated ring closure cyclopropenation reaction with further ring opening by the released Br– to the corresponding 2-diethoxycarbonylmethylene-3-bromo-but-3-enamidinium salt 18. Unlike cyclopentadiene and furane, the reaction of N-methylpyrrole and bis(amidinium) salt 4 does not lead to Diels–Alder [4 + 2] cycloadduct but to the Michael-type 1:1 adduct 20. Pyrrole- and thiophene-2-carboxamidinium salts 23–25 can be prepared from compound 4 and esters of glycine, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), and mercaptoacetic acid, respectively. The derivatives of quinoxaline-2-carboxamidinium salts 29 are accessible from aromatic 1,2-diamines and compound 4. The reaction of the CH2/NH-acidic cyanoacetamide with the bis(amidinium) salt 4 produced the 3-pyrroline-2-on derivatives 33.
Fabrication of heterojunction diodes comprising nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon and p-type silicon
Authors: Zkria Abdelrahman , Gima Hiroki , Al-Riyami Sausan , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond/hydrogenated amorphous carbon composite (UNCD/a-C:H) films were deposited in nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas atmospheres by coaxial arc plasma deposition (CAPD). Nitrogen-doped films with nitrogen contents of 3 and 8 at.% possessed n-type conduction. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing nitrogen content. Heterojunction diodes with p-type Si exhibited typical rectifying action. From the capacitance-voltage measurement, it was confirmed that the carrier density increases with the nitrogen content.
Stray Current Induced Corrosion Control in Reinforced Concrete by Addition of Carbon Fiber and Silica Fume
Authors: Chen Zhipei , Koleva Dessi , Koenders Eduard , van Breugel Klaas 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTStray current arising from direct current electrified traction systems and then circulating in reinforced concrete near railways is known to induce corrosion on embedded steel reinforcement. The present paper will review the principles of stray current induced corrosion in reinforced concrete, which is relatively uncommon but with significant impact in practice.Within one of the approaches to ease this kind of specific corrosion in reinforced concrete, carbon fibres (CF) can be added to enhance the conductivity of concrete, subsequently reduce the stray current density and/or direct the stray current dissipation in a desired manner. The side effects (such as increasing the bulk matrix porosity) caused by CF, which can in turn reduce the general corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete, will be compensated by adding silica fume (SF). The combination of CF and SF can be a potentially feasible and original application to reduce the risk of stray current induced corrosion in reinforced concrete, without obvious negative side effects.
Synthesis of Hydraulically Active Calcium Silicates Produced by Combustion Methods
Authors: Restrepo Juan C. , Chavarriaga Andrés , Restrepo Oscar J. , Tobón Jorge I. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPortland cement is synthesized from a mixture of limestone and clay at high temperature (1450 °C) via a conventional process (solid-phase synthesis), in which partial fusion of raw materials and the formation of clinker nodules are produced. The clinker is mixed with a small percentage of gypsum and ground together to make the cement. This synthesis process holds the cement industry accountable for 5–8% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The production of a ton of cement emits between 0.62 and 0.97 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere, depending on the processing plant. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels in cement production is another important factor in the environmental impact of this industry. The production of 1 ton of clinker consumes approximately 5.86 GJ per tons of clinker produced in wet processes and 3.35 GJ per tons of clinker produced by dry process. Some researches have reported the possibility to obtain silicate and aluminate cements by alternative synthesis methods, which optimize both time and temperature, such as Pechini method, sol-gel method and microwave assisted method. The combustion methods, another alternative, are chemical redox processes in which the use of chemical precursors and organic fuels at high temperature generate a self-sustaining fastwave. The said wave is characterized by the fact that once the initial exothermic reaction starts, it generates a reaction wave (0.1–10 cm/s) at high temperature (1000–3000 °C) that propagates, in a self-sustaining way, through the heterogeneous mixture which leads to the formation of the solid material. For this reason, and the irreplaceable role of cement in the construction industry, this paper shows the advances in the production of silicates, similar to those found in the Portland cement, by combustion synthesis method.This paper shows the production of calcium silicates similar to the silicates of Portland cement, by combustion synthesis. Thermal analysis and XRD techniques were used to compare the syhthetized silicates with alite and belite of Portland cement.
The Genesis of Double Entry Bookkeeping
Authors: Sangster Alan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The emergence of double entry bookkeeping marked the shift in bookkeeping from a mechanical task to a skilled craft, and represented the beginnings of the accounting profession. This study seeks to identify what caused this significant change in bookkeeping practice. I do so by adopting a new accounting history perspective to investigate the circumstances surrounding the emergence of double entry in early 13th century Italy. Contrary to previous findings, this paper concludes that the most likely form of enterprise where bookkeeping of this form emerged is a bank, most likely in Florence. Accountability of the local bankers in Florence to the Bankers Guild provided a unique external impetus to generate a new form of bookkeeping. This new bookkeeping format provided a clear and unambiguous picture of the accounts of all debtors and creditors, along with the means to check that the entries between them were complete and accurate.
Effects of Insulin Glargine and Liraglutide Therapy on Liver Fat as Measured by Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Tang An , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Castel Hélène , Wartelle-Bladou Claire , Gilbert Guillaume , Massicotte-Tisluck Karine , Chartrand Gabriel , Olivié Damien , Julien Anne-Sophie , de Guise Jacques , Soulez Gilles , Chiasson Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
This study determined the effects of insulin versus liraglutide therapy on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral agents therapy, including metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic medications were randomized to receive insulin glargine or liraglutide therapy for 12 weeks. The liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) was measured by MRS. The mean liver PDFF, the total liver volume, and the total liver fat index were measured by MRI. The Student t test, the Fisher exact test, and repeated-measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Insulin treatment was associated with a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin (7.9% to 7.2% [62.5 to 55.2 mmol/mol], P = 0.005), a trend toward a decrease in MRS-PDFF (12.6% to 9.9%, P = 0.06), and a significant decrease in liver mean MRI-PDFF (13.8% to 10.6%, P = 0.005), liver volume (2,010.6 to 1,858.7 mL, P = 0.01), and the total liver fat index (304.4 vs. 209.3 % ⋅ mL, P = 0.01). Liraglutide treatment was also associated with a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin (7.6% to 6.7% [59.8 to 50.2 mmol/mol], P &lt; 0.001) but did not change MRS-PDFF (P = 0.80), liver mean MRI-PDFF (P = 0.15), liver volume (P = 0.30), or the total liver fat index (P = 0.39).

CONCLUSIONS
The administration of insulin glargine therapy reduced the liver fat burden in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the improvements in the liver fat fraction and glycemia control were not significantly different from those in the liraglutide group.
Phytotoxicity of Profenofos 50% EC (curacron 50 EC) to Vigna radiata,L. seedlings: II. Studies on Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Mishra I.P. , Sabat G. , Mohanty Bijaya Kumar 
Published: March 2015

Profenofos 50% EC (curacron 50 EC) is a hazardous pesticide commonly used in agriculture is also an important contaminant of environment.Its presence in biological system has gained importance due to bioaccumulation in food chain. The phyto-toxic effect of profenofos wasassessed based on the biochemical parameters (Shoot and Root) of seedlings (Amino acids, Protein, Sugar, DNA and RNA) of the test species,Vigna radiata,L. The concentrations of pesticide chosen were based on EC50 and are in the range of 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1 and 0.2 % ofprofenofos. The biochemical parameters like Amino acid, Sugar, DNA and RNA were significantly reduced with increase in pesticideconcentration whereas Protein concentration increased with the profenophos treatment. The increase in amino acid was more pronounced inShoot of the seedlings than root.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12063 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 101-105
In Vitro Inhibition of Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum by Trichoderma spp and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Arachis Hypogaea L
Authors: Rajeswari P. 
Published: March 2015

In an attempt to develop biocontrol system for management of Fusarium wilt in groundnut, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum,and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. .Fusarium wilt diseasescaused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum lead to significant yield losses of crops. Experiments were conducted on the effect of culture filtratesof T.viride (1%), T. harzianum (1.5%), and P. fluorescens (2%) on the in vitro inhibition of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. Theactivity of 1,4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase Cellobiase produced by Fusariumoxysporum was higher, when compared to control.Maximum inhibition of above Cellulolytic enzymes (1, 4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase, Cellobiase) was shown by T. viride treatment wasfollowed by T. harzianum and P. fluorescens. Of all the treatments, T. viride treatment showed higher rate of inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymesof Fusarium oxysporum followed by that of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens.This present study indicates that culture filtrate of T.viride(1%)is the best biocontrol agent in the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea .LDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12138 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 106-110
Heritability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Fifty Seven Okra Genotypes
Authors: Ahamed K.U. , Akter B. , Ara N. , Hossain M.F. , Moniruzzaman M. 
Published: March 2015

A study was undertaken to analyses the heritability, correlation and path co-efficient for growth and fruit characteristics in fifty seven okra(Abelmoschus esculentus Lam) genotypes grown at Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BangladeshAgricultural Research Institute during kharif season of 2013. The highest range of variation was recorded in average fruit weight (18.25-25.41g), followed by yield per plant (98.90 – 1650.00g). The highest GCV (46.70 %) and PCV (47.72 %) were recorded for fruit yield perplant while both were lowest for days to maturity (8.07 % and 8.25 %). High heritability coupled with high or moderate degree of geneticadvance was estimated in plant height (99.82 % and 205.06), number of fruits per plant (99.53% and 203.63%), number of leaves per plant(99.57% and 204.49%), number of seeds per fruit (99.73% and 205.44%), leaf length (98.22% and 198.52%), leaf diameter (98.91% and203.76%), 100-seed weight (98.12% and 202.13%) and yield per plant (95.76 % and 197.26%). The highest positive correlation were observedbetween number of fruits per plant and yield per plant (r = 0.99**) and between number of fruits per plant and 100-seed weight (r = 0.44**).Also results showed that significantly positive correlation were between 100-seed weight and yield per plant (r = 0.44**), 100-seed weight andleaf length (r =0.42**), 100-seed weight and leaf diameter (0.38**), number of leaves per plant and 100-seed weight (r = 0.28*), 100-seedweight and plant height(r =0.40**), 100-seed weight and fruit length (r =0.28*). Significantly positive correlations were also observed for plantheight and number of fruits per plant, number of leaves per plant and yield per plant. The path coefficient analysis was done to determine directand indirect effects of traits on fruit yield. Direct significant positive and negative effect of number of fruits per plant (-0.091), 100-seed weight(0.174), number of seeds per plant (-0.213), average fruit yield (-0.310) towards yield.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12142 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 127-133
Survey of Some Medicinally Important Leafy Vegetables in Rupandehi District of Western Nepal
Authors: Singh Anant Gopal 
Published: March 2015

Green leafy vegetable is a major source of vitamins and micronutrients for people using only vegetarian diets rich in carbohydrates. In remoterural settlements where vegetable cultivation is not practiced and market supplies are, not organized, local inhabitants depend on indigenousvegetables, both cultivated in agricultural fields or kitchen gardens and wild for enriching the diversity of food. Knowledge of such food ispart of traditional knowledge, which is largely transmitted through participation of individuals of households. The purpose of this study was todocumentation of plants used as vegetables by the people of Rupandehi district of Lumbini zone of western Nepal. This paper revealed total51 plant species belong to 45 genera under 32 Families of vascular plants. Out of 32families, 24 families belong to dicot, 4 families to monocotand 4 families belong to ferns.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12220 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 111-118
Efficacy and mode of action of mesalazine in the treatment of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lam Ching , Tan Wei , Leighton Matthew , Hastings Margaret , Lingaya Melanie , Falcone Yirga , Zhou Xiaoying , Xu Luting , Whorwell Peter , Walls Andrew F , Zaitoun Abed , Montgomery Alan , Spiller Robin C 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundDiarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a common outcome after inflammation due to bacterial gastroenteritis. Several studies have shown ongoing immune activation in the mucosa of patients with IBS-D and a number of studies have suggested that mesalazine slow-release granule formulation (2 g; PENTASA®, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd) may provide benefit including a reduction in stool frequency.ObjectivesOur primary aim was to compare the effect of mesalazine with placebo on stool frequency. Our secondary aims were to assess the effect of mesalazine on abdominal pain, stool consistency, urgency and satisfactory relief of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms.Design/participants/interventionWe performed a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of 2 g mesalazine twice daily compared with placebo for 3 months in Rome III criteria patients with IBS-D.SettingsParticipants were recruited from the primary care research network and secondary care hospitals. Participants were randomised after a 2-week baseline stool diary. All participants completed a 12-week stool diary and at the end of each week recorded the presence of ‘satisfactory relief of IBS symptoms’. Those recruited in Nottingham had sigmoid biopsies and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen at the start and end of the trial.ResultsA total of 136 patients with IBS-D (82 female, 54 male) were randomised; 10 patients withdrew from each group. Analysis by intention to treat showed that the mean daily average stool frequency during weeks 11 and 12 was 2.8 [standard deviation (SD) 1.2] in the mesalazine group and 2.7 (SD 1.9) in the placebo group, with a group difference of 0.1 (95% confidence interval –0.33 to 0.53);p = 0.66.ConclusionsMesalazine did not improve abdominal pain, stool consistency or percentage with satisfactory relief compared with placebo during the last 2 weeks’ follow-up. A post hoc analysis in 13 postinfectious patients with IBS appeared to show benefit but this needs confirmation in a larger group. More precise subtyping based on underlying disease mechanisms may allow more effective targeting of treatment in IBS.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN76612274.FundingThis project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and NIHR partnership.