bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial structure of spectral transport in two-dimensional flow
Authors: Liao Yang , Ouellette Nicholas T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUsing filter-space techniques (FSTs), we study the spatial structure of the scale-to-scale flux of energy in two-dimensional flow. Analysing data from a weakly turbulent, experimental quasi-two-dimensional flow, we find rotationally symmetric patterns consisting of lobes of spectral flux of alternating sign that are associated with vortical motion in the flow field. Such patterns also occur in a simple analytical model, even though the single-scale model flow should have no scale-to-scale energy transfer. Thus, the interpretation of these alternating patterns must be handled with care. By decomposing the spectral flux into three distinct components, we show that these lobe patterns are entirely associated with the Leonard and, to a lesser extent, cross terms. In addition, we show that the contributions from these two terms are localized around the energy injection scale, and that the bulk of the inverse energy transfer in our flow is carried by the subgrid term alone.
Inertial and barotropic instabilities of a free current in three-dimensional rotating flow
Authors: Carnevale G. F. , Kloosterziel R. C. , Orlandi P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA current in a homogeneous rotating fluid is subject to simultaneous inertial and barotropic instabilities. Inertial instability causes rapid mixing of streamwise absolute linear momentum and alters the vertically averaged velocity profile of the current. The resulting profile can be predicted by a construction based on absolute-momentum conservation. The alteration of the mean velocity profile strongly affects how barotropic instability will subsequently change the flow. If a current with a symmetric distribution of cyclonic and anticyclonic vorticity undergoes only barotropic instability, the result will be cyclones and anticyclones of the same shape and amplitude. Inertial instability breaks this symmetry. The combined effect of inertial and barotropic instability produces anticyclones that are broader and weaker than the cyclones. A two-step scheme for predicting the result of the combined inertial and barotropic instabilities is proposed and tested. This scheme uses the construction for the redistribution of streamwise absolute linear momentum to predict the mean current that results from inertial instability and then uses this equilibrated current as the initial condition for a two-dimensional simulation that predicts the result of the subsequent barotropic instability. Predictions are made for the evolution of a Gaussian jet and are compared with three-dimensional simulations for a range of Rossby numbers. It is demonstrated that the actual redistribution of absolute momentum in the three-dimensional simulations is well predicted by the construction used here. Predictions are also made for the final number and size of vortices that result from the combined inertial and barotropic instabilities.
Planetary (Rossby) waves and inertia–gravity (Poincaré) waves in a barotropic ocean over a sphere
Authors: Paldor Nathan , De-Leon Yair , Shamir Ofer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe construction of approximate Schrödinger eigenvalue equations for planetary (Rossby) waves and for inertia–gravity (Poincaré) waves on an ocean-covered rotating sphere yields highly accurate estimates of the phase speeds and meridional variation of these waves. The results are applicable to fast rotating spheres such as Earth where the speed of barotropic gravity waves is smaller than twice the tangential speed on the equator of the rotating sphere. The implication of these new results is that the phase speed of Rossby waves in a barotropic ocean that covers an Earth-like planet is independent of the speed of gravity waves for sufficiently large zonal wavenumber and (meridional) mode number. For Poincaré waves our results demonstrate that the dispersion relation is linear, (so the waves are non-dispersive and the phase speed is independent of the wavenumber), except when the zonal wavenumber and the (meridional) mode number are both near 1.
COMPLEMENT OF THE ZERO DIVISOR GRAPH OF A LATTICE
Authors: JOSHI VINAYAK , KHISTE ANAGHA 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we determine when $\mathop{({\Gamma }_{I} (L))}\nolimits ^{c} $, the complement of the zero divisor graph ${\Gamma }_{I} (L)$ with respect to a semiprime ideal $I$ of a lattice $L$, is connected and also determine its diameter, radius, centre and girth. Further, a form of Beck’s conjecture is proved for ${\Gamma }_{I} (L)$ when $\omega (\mathop{({\Gamma }_{I} (L))}\nolimits ^{c} )\lt \infty $.
THE CONLEY ATTRACTORS OF AN ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEM
Authors: BARNSLEY MICHAEL F. , VINCE ANDREW 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate the topological and metric properties of attractors of an iterated function system (IFS) whose functions may not be contractive. We focus, in particular, on invertible IFSs of finitely many maps on a compact metric space. We rely on ideas of Kieninger [Iterated Function Systems on Compact Hausdorff Spaces (Shaker, Aachen, 2002)] and McGehee and Wiandt [‘Conley decomposition for closed relations’, Differ. Equ. Appl. 12 (2006), 1–47] restricted to what is, in many ways, a simpler setting, but focused on a special type of attractor, namely point-fibred invariant sets. This allows us to give short proofs of some of the key ideas.
Giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone successfully resected with preservation of hearing
Authors: Takata Y , Hidaka H , Ishida K , Kobayashi T 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:To describe a case of giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone which extended into the middle-ear cavity, and which was successfully treated surgically via a transmastoid approach, with hearing preservation.Case:A 37-year-old man presented with a one-year history of right-sided hearing loss, complicated by a three-month history of otalgia and a sensation of aural fullness. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an osteolytic tumour lesion in the right temporal bone. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy from the mastoid lesion.Investigation and intervention:Pure-tone audiometry, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted, followed by total resection.Result:The giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone was completely resected, with preservation of hearing.Conclusion:Although this patient's giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone extended into the middle-ear cavity, total resection was achieved, with preservation of hearing. To the best of our knowledge, hearing preservation following resection of giant cell reparative granuloma of the temporal bone has not previously been reported.
Comparison of the crop speciesBrassica napusand wildB. rapa: characteristics relevant for building up a persistent seed bank in the soil
Authors: de Jong Tom J. , Tudela Isanta Maria , Hesse Elze 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCan seed characters be used for predicting the presence of a persistent seed bank in the field? We address this question using ten cultivars of the cropBrassica napus, ten feralB. napusaccessions originating from seeds collected in the field and nine accessions of the closely related ruderal speciesBrassica rapa. When buried for a year in the field, seeds of the wildB. rapadisplayed, as expected, much higher survival fractions than those of domesticatedB. napusat two different locations in The Netherlands. Compared toB. napus, B. rapaproduces relatively small seeds with high levels of aliphatic glucosinolates and a thick seed coat. However, within each species none of these characters correlated with seed survival in the soil. At low temperatures,B. rapaseeds had lower and more variable germination fractions than those ofB. napus; a small fraction (4.6%) of theB. rapaseeds showed primary dormancy. Rather surprisingly,B. napusdisplayed genetic differences in germination at low temperature, and germination fractions at 5°C correlated negatively with seed survival in the soil. Our comparisons between and within the two species suggest that foregoing germination at low temperatures is an important character for developing a persistent seed bank. We discuss our results in light of environmental risk assessment of genetically modifiedB. napus.
Freiman Homomorphisms of Random Subsets of
Authors: PONTIVEROS GONZALO FIZ 
Published: June 2013

Given a set $A\subset\mathbb{Z}_{N}$, we say that a function $f\colon A \to \mathbb{Z}_{N}$ is a Freiman homomorphism if f(a)+f(b)=f(c)+f(d) whenever a,b,c,d ∈ A satisfy a+b=c+d. This notion was introduced by Freiman in the 1970s, and plays an important role in the field of additive combinatorics. We say that A is linear if the only Freiman homomorphisms are functions of the form f(x) = ax+b.Suppose the elements of A are chosen independently at random, each with probability p. We shall look at the following question: For which values of p=p(N) is A linear with high probability as N → ∞? We show that if p=(2logN − ω(N))1/3N−2/3, where ω(N) → ∞ as N → ∞, then A is not linear with high probability, whereas if p=N−1/2+ε for any ε>0 then A is linear with high probability.
Large-signal characterization of DDR silicon IMPATTs operating up to 0.5 THz
Authors: Acharyya Aritra , Chakraborty Jit , Das Kausik , Datta Subir , De Pritam , Banerjee Suranjana , Banerjee J.P. 
Published: June 2013

Large-signal (L-S) characterization of double-drift region (DDR) impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) devices based on silicon designed to operate at different millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) frequencies up to 0.5 THz is carried out in this paper using an L-S simulation method developed by the authors based on non-sinusoidal voltage excitation (NSVE) model. L-S simulation results show that the device is capable of delivering peak RF power of 657.64 mW with 8.25% conversion efficiency at 94 GHz for 50% voltage modulation; whereas RF power output and efficiency reduce to 89.61 mW and 2.22% respectively at 0.5 THz for same voltage modulation. Effect of parasitic series resistance on the L-S properties of DDR Si IMPATTs is also investigated, which shows that the decrease in RF power output and conversion efficiency of the device due to series resistance is more pronounced at higher frequencies especially at the THz regime. The NSVE L-S simulation results are compared with well established double-iterative field maximum (DEFM) small-signal (S-S) simulation results and finally both are compared with the experimental results. The comparative study shows that the proposed NSVE L-S simulation results are in closer agreement with experimental results as compared to those of DEFM S-S simulation.
Primary sensory cortices contain distinguishable spatial patterns of activity for each sense
Authors: Liang M. , Mouraux A. , Hu L. , Iannetti G.D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhether primary sensory cortices are essentially multisensory or whether they respond to only one sense is an emerging debate in neuroscience. Here we use a multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data in humans to demonstrate that simple and isolated stimuli of one sense elicit distinguishable spatial patterns of neuronal responses, not only in their corresponding primary sensory cortex, but in other primary sensory cortices. These results indicate that primary sensory cortices, traditionally regarded as unisensory, contain unique signatures of other senses and, thereby, prompt a reconsideration of how sensory information is coded in the human brain.
Hydrodynamic instabilities provide a generic route to spontaneous biomimetic oscillations in chemomechanically active filaments
Authors: Laskar Abhrajit , Singh Rajeev , Ghose Somdeb , Jayaraman Gayathri , Kumar P. B. Sunil , Adhikari R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNon-equilibrium processes which convert chemical energy into mechanical motion enable the motility of organisms. Bundles of inextensible filaments driven by energy transduction of molecular motors form essential components of micron-scale motility engines like cilia and flagella. The mimicry of cilia-like motion in recent experiments on synthetic active filaments supports the idea that generic physical mechanisms may be sufficient to generate such motion. Here we show, theoretically, that the competition between the destabilising effect of hydrodynamic interactions induced by force-free and torque-free chemomechanically active flows and the stabilising effect of nonlinear elasticity, provides a generic route to spontaneous oscillations in active filaments. These oscillations, reminiscent of prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagellar motion, are obtained without having to invoke structural complexity or biochemical regulation. This minimality implies that biomimetic oscillations, previously observed only in complex bundles of active filaments, can be replicated in simple chains of generic chemomechanically active beads.
Conserved microRNA pathway regulates developmental timing of retinal neurogenesis
Authors: La Torre Anna , Georgi Sean , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
The sequential generation of different types of neurons and glia is a fundamental property of neurogenesis, but little is known about the mechanisms controlling this phenomenon. Conditional deletion of Dicer prevents progenitors from progressing in their competence to generate late cell types, indefinitely generating early cell types. We now elucidate the molecular mechanism for this phenomenon. Three microRNAs, let-7, microRNA-125, and microRNA-9, serve as key regulators of the early to late developmental transition in retinal progenitors. These results show how progenitor temporal identity is controlled, a finding that will impact efforts to generate specific neural types from pluripotent stem cells.
Republication of conference papers in journals?
Authors: ZHANG Yuehong (Helen) , JIA Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTConference proceedings are one of the most important forms of communication for computer scientists. This study investigated the policies of a large number of computer science journals with regard to the republication of papers which had already appeared in conference proceedings. Nearly one‐quarter of journal editors would not republish such papers other than in special circumstances (such as a special conference issue), and almost all of the remainder would do so only after substantial updating and expansion of the original paper. Many specified the amount of content that should be new: 30% was the proportion most frequently mentioned. Thus, many sections of text may be identical to the original paper. However, some journal editors do not appear to consider this self‐plagiarism provided the original publication is properly cited. Nevertheless, such (re)publication is likely to lead to high similarity scores in CrossCheck; in this field, therefore, journal editors need to exercise particular discretion when evaluating CrossCheck results.
Development and Validation of an Intraoperative Predictive Model for Unplanned Postoperative Intensive Care
Authors: Wanderer Jonathan P. , Anderson-Dam John , Levine Wilton , Bittner Edward A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background:
The allocation of intensive care unit (ICU) beds for postoperative patients is a challenging daily task that could be assisted by the real-time detection of ICU needs. The goal of this study was to develop and validate an intraoperative predictive model for unplanned postoperative ICU use.

Methods:
With the use of anesthesia information management system, postanesthesia care unit, and scheduling data, a data set was derived from adult in-patient noncardiac surgeries. Unplanned ICU admissions were identified (4,847 of 71,996; 6.7%), and a logistic regression model was developed for predicting unplanned ICU admission. The model performance was tested using bootstrap validation and compared with the Surgical Apgar Score using area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic.

Results:
The logistic regression model included 16 variables: age, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, emergency case, surgical service, and 12 intraoperative variables. The area under the curve was 0.905 (95% CI, 0.900–0.909). The bootstrap validation model area under the curves were 0.513 at booking, 0.688 at 3 h before case end, 0.738 at 2 h, 0.791 at 1 h, and 0.809 at case end. The Surgical Apgar Score area under the curve was 0.692. Unplanned ICU admissions had more ICU-free days than planned ICU admissions (5 vs. 4; P < 0.001) and similar mortality (5.6 vs. 6.0%; P = 0.248).

Conclusions:
The authors have developed and internally validated an intraoperative predictive model for unplanned postoperative ICU use. Incorporation of this model into a real-time data sniffer may improve the process of allocating ICU beds for postoperative patients.
Board composition and bank performance in Kuwait: an empirical study
Authors: Al‐Saidi Mejbel , Al‐Shammari Bader 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between board composition (i.e. non‐executive directors, family directors, role duality and board size) and bank performance, using a sample of nine listed Kuwait banks over the 2006 to 2010 period.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) and two‐stage‐least squares (2SLS) to test such a relationship and to address endogeneity in explanatory variables.FindingsThe results provide some evidence that board composition of banks relates to their performance. According to the OLS regression results, only board size and proportion of non‐executive directors negatively affect bank performance. Meanwhile, the 2SLS results indicate that role duality positively affects a bank's performance while board size affects a bank's performance negatively.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the model has explained a significant part of the variation in performance, still unexplained is a material part that represents the “noise” of the model. Data availability limited the ability to study other aspects of corporate governance mechanisms such as number of audit committee members on board. The sample size is small; thus, in future research, the sample size could be increased by including a longer period of time or different countries such as members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia).Practical implicationsGiven the importance of effective boards in monitoring bank values, more actions and rules need to take place in Kuwait to improve the efficacy of boards in protecting shareholders and their interests in Kuwaiti banks. Regulators may mandate a corporate governance code or adopt the OECD corporate governance principles as a starting point in Kuwait. Kuwaiti companies may use the findings to make appropriate choices about board appointments and best governance to improve performance. Investors also may use the findings to understand Kuwaiti companies. Such findings may assist them to diversify their investment portfolios.Originality/valueThis study asserts to provide insights on the relationship between bank performance and board composition in Kuwait. The study extends prior research and investigates the roles of board of directors in banks in the context of an emerging market characterized by weak shareholder protection and highly concentrated ownership.
Poor laws and schooling in Stockholm
Authors: Holmlund Kerstin 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilize illustrative examples from the industrialisation period in Sweden to analyse the interlace between poor legislation and school legislation.Design/methodology/approachIt deals with how state regulation and societal transformations intervened in the lives of poor children and their parents. In particular, this article examines how collaboration between schools and poor relief resulted in normative judgements about their social inclusion and exclusion.FindingsOverall, the article illuminates a new era in the history of social policy, an epoch when old assumptions were abandoned and fresh links were forged between industrialisation, national economics, education, gender relations, and social welfare. These changes are clarified not only by reference to nineteenth century sources but also to national and international research, and ideas about capital and gender relations associated with, among others, Hannah Arendt and Pierre Bourdieu.Originality/valueThe study illustrates how and why the official public spirit affects children and why understanding of this relationship needs to be broadened as well as deepened.
Guthrie Wilson and the trans‐Tasman educational career
Authors: Prentis Malcolm David 
Published: June 2013

PurposeGuthrie Wilson (1914‐1984) was one example of the trend of migration of teachers from New Zealand public schools to Australian private schools. The purpose of this paper is to explore this particular case with a view to revealing some of the dynamics involved and challenges facing certain types of Australasian schools in the 1950s and 1960s.Design/methodology/approachThis article is essentially founded on empirical historical research and on analysis of data from published and archival sources and from interviews with participants and observers. It is placed in the context of the literature on both educational change in Australasia and trans‐Tasman migration at the time.FindingsAlthough Guthrie Wilson craved recognition as a novelist, he excelled as a school Principal, partly because he seemed to fit certain notions of education, leadership and manhood which suited the Council of The Scots College Sydney. In the 1960s, the Council wanted to maintain traditions which appeared to have been weakened by Wilson's progressive predecessor and challenged by social change. Though he fulfilled the Council's expectations, Wilson also proved to be a mediator between traditional and progressive education. Thus, Wilson could be both an honourable representative of the “Old School” and modestly progressive.Originality/valueBiographical studies can reveal unsuspected patterns as well as challenge casual generalizations. Images of schools and of their leadership, held by both contemporaries and later observers, can prove to be subtly misleading on closer inspection. In particular, the article confronts a number of school myths which affect not only the schools involved but all schools,mutatis mutandis.
Caroline Pratt's political, toy manufacturing, and educational life, 1896‐1921
Authors: Staring Jeroen 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the political, toy manufacturing, and educational activities of Caroline Louise Pratt (1867‐1954), founder of the Play School (later renamed City and Country School), New York City.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews previously unreported biographical material and draws on a number of Caroline Pratt's own writings, combining results of archival text research and digital searches.FindingsNewly available data sources on Caroline Pratt's 1896‐1921 life show her to be more of a social reconstructionist than previously concluded. This research demonstrates that it was Pratt's feminist, socialist and trade unionist ideals, transformed into educational aims, that formed the core of her educational work.Research limitations/implicationsThis investigation is limited to Pratt's activities during the years 1896 to 1921.Originality/valueThe internet has provided ready access to a wealth of newspaper and journal documents. The ease of access has no precedent, and the volume of newly available data sources has brought opportunities for reinterpretation and rewriting of the history of education. Yet even more new data will inevitably become accessible. This paper provides insights into how previously unresearched documents, now easily found through digital research, can enhance understanding of the contributions of Caroline Pratt.