bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Eutectoid Transformation Temperatures in Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Orłowicz A.W. , Trytek A. , Mróz M. , Tupaj M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper proposes a methodology useful in verification of results of dilatometric tests aimed at determination of temperatures defining the start and the end of eutectoid transformation in the course of ductile cast iron cooling, based on quenching techniques and metallographic examination. For an industrial melt of ductile cast iron, the effect of the rate of cooling after austenitization at temperature 900°C carried out for 30 minutes on temperatures TAr1start and TAr1end was determined. The heating rates applied in the study were the same as the cooling rates and equaled 30, 60, 90, 150, and 300°C/h. It has been found that with increasing cooling rate, values of temperatures TAr1start and TAr1end decrease by several dozen degrees.
The Sources of Surface Defects in Castings Produced in Automated Process Lines
Authors: Wron R. , Brzeziński M. , Ziółkowski E. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study summarises the research efforts undertaken in iron foundry plants in which the process are mostly automated and mechanised. The research program was limited in scope, focusing on causes of surface defects in castings products that are attributable to the bentonite-containing sand and the mould system. One of the potential roots of surface defects is heterogeneity of sand grains, containing lumped ball-shaped grains and irregular pellets with a layered-structure. The moisture contents of those lumped grains is different than the moisture level required in the process, besides these grains may contain various elements and metallic compounds which, when cast into moulds, may react with molten metals in an uncontrolled manner. As a result, surface defects are produced, such as surface blowholes, burst penetration, sand holes, slag inclusions, pinhole porosity. This study investigated the efficiency of key sand preparation and moulding machines and installations integrated into the casting process line. The efficiency of machines and installations is defined in terms of quality parameters of sand mix and moulds, which are associated with the emergence of surface defects on castings.
Thermodynamic Assessment of Mushy Zone in Directional Solidification
Authors: Mikołajczak P. , Ratke L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Solidification of AlSiFe alloys was studied using a directional solidification facility and the CALPHAD technique was applied to calculate phase diagrams and to predict occurring phases. The specimens solidified by electromagnetic stirring showed segregation across, and the measured chemical compositions were transferred into phase diagrams. The ternary phase diagrams presented different solidification paths caused by segregation in each selected specimen. The property diagrams showed modification in the sequence and precipitation temperature of the phases. It is proposed in the study to use thermodynamic calculations with Thermo-Calc which enables us to visualize the mushy zone in directional solidification. 2D maps based on property diagrams show a mushy zone with a liquid channel in the AlSi7Fe1.0 specimen center, where significant mass fraction (33%) of β-Al5FeSi phases may precipitate before α-Al dendrites form. Otherwise liquid channel occurred almost empty of β in AlSi7Fe0.5 specimen and completely without β in AlSi9Fe0.2. The property diagrams revealed also possible formation of α-Al8Fe2Si phases.
Assessment of exposure to the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry using complementing methods / Ocjena izloženosti kompleksu Penicillium glabrum u proizvodnji pluta s pomoću komplementarnih metoda
Authors: Viegas Carla , Botelho Daniel , Santos Mateus dos , Gomes Anita Quintal 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Cork oak is the second most dominant forest species in Portugal and makes this country the world leader in cork export. Occupational exposure to Chrysonilia sitophila and the Penicillium glabrum complex in cork industry is common, and the latter fungus is associated with suberosis. However, as conventional methods seem to underestimate its presence in occupational environments, the aim of our study was to see whether information obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a molecular-based method, can complement conventional findings and give a better insight into occupational exposure of cork industry workers. We assessed fungal contamination with the P. glabrum complex in three cork manufacturing plants in the outskirts of Lisbon using both conventional and molecular methods. Conventional culturing failed to detect the fungus at six sampling sites in which PCR did detect it. This confirms our assumption that the use of complementing methods can provide information for a more accurate assessment of occupational exposure to the P. glabrum complex in cork industry.
Spin-Hamiltonian Parameters For CrLi
3+ Doped In LiNbO3
Authors: Avram N.M. , Brik M. G. , Avram C. N. , Ciresan M.G. , Andreici E-L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
By using crystal field theory, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters [zero-field splitting D, the giromagnetic factors g (g
|| and g
⊥) and the first excited state splitting δ(2
E)] for the CrLi
3+ doped in LiNbO3 have been calculated from the higher-order perturbation formulas. The method used is based on the two-spin-orbit coupling parameter model, in a cluster approach. The g parameters were also calculated as a second derivative of the energy, method implemented into ORCA computer program. The results were discussed and good agreement with experimental data was demonstrated.
Efficient Second Harmonic Generation Of Blue-Violet Light In Noncritical Type-I Phase Matching
Authors: Achim A. , Gheorghe L. , Voicu F. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Single crystals of Y1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 (R = Sc or Lu) of good quality have been grown from the melt by the Czochralski pulling method. The chemical compositions of the grown crystals were determined. Type-I noncritical phase matching (NCPM) wavelengths for second harmonic generation (SHG) in Y1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 grown crystals were also determined.
New Results On Consistent Coupling Between BF Models And Dual Linearized Gravity
Authors: Bizdadea C. , Saliu S. O. , Stanciu-Oprean L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Given the recent renewed interest in alternative description of gravity theories in terms of topological BF models (possibly with extra-constraints) as well as in dual formulations of linearized gravity (DFLG), all consistent interactions in D=6 involving an Abelian BF model with a maximal field spectrum and the DFLG via a massless tensor field with the mixed symmetry of the type (3,1) are considered.
Designing Multidimensional Policing Strategy And Organization: Towards A Synthesis Of Professional And Community Police Models
Authors: Suve Priit , Selg Peeter , Sootla Georg 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this article we analyse professional police and community policing in view of professionalism, strategy and structures. We aim to find ways for synthesizing these models that are usually seen as incompatible. Unlike many earlier studies of police organizations or strategies, we view strategies in the organization at the corporate, functional and operational levels, and argue that by combining them with functional and divisional principles of structuring, it is possible to place professional strategy at the core of policing, while using the community policing strategy mainly as a component part of the strategy in the framework of divisional organization. This way it is possible to avoid the risk of alienating police from the community and to ensure the successful implementation of corporate strategy through providing professional police units that perform the narrow functions, with quick and adequate information from the community.
Book Reviews: (1) Squatting In Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles; (2) Securitization Of Property Squatting In Europe; (3) Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!; And (4) The Squatters’ Movement In Europe. Commons And Autonomy As Alternatives To Capitalism
Authors: Stramskas Arnoldas , Marcinkevičius Tomas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article contains four book reviews. The reviewed books are: Squatting in Europe: Radical Spaces, Urban Struggles (2013), by Squatting Europe Kollektive; Securitization of Property Squatting in Europe (2013), by Mary Manjikian; Barcelonan Okupas: Squatter Power!, by Stephen Luis Vilaseca; and, The Squatters’ Movement in Europe. Commons and Autonomy as Alternatives to Capitalism (2014), by Squatting Europe Kollektive, edited by Claudio Cattaneo and Miguel Martìnez Lòpez.
Performance Guarantee Mechanism for Multi-Tenancy SaaS Service Based on Kalman Filtering
Authors: Yanpei Liu , Chunlin Li , Zhiyong Yang , Yuxuan Chen , Lijun Xu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a special System Architecture for Multi-tenancy SaaS Service (SAMSS), which studies the performance security issues at the business logic layer and data processing layer respectively. The Kalman filtering Admission Control algorithm (KAC) and the Greedy Copy Management algorithm (GCM) are proposed. At the business logic layer, Kalman filtering admission control algorithm is presented. It uses a Kalman filter to conduct the dynamic evaluation for the CPU resource for multi-tenancy SaaS service and reduces the unnecessary performance expenses caused by direct measurement of CPU resources. At the data processing layer, the Greedy Copy Management algorithm (GCM) is presented. It changes the copy placement as a K-partitioning set partitioning problem and adopts a greedy strategy to reduce the number of times for creating a data copy. Finally, the experimental analysis and results prove the feasibility and efficiency of the algorithms proposed.
Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System
Authors: Kowalski Dariusz , Kowalska Beata , Hołota Ewa , Choma Artur 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Water suppliers can be treated as production companies whose main product is water delivered to their customers. The article presents problems connected with management of such companies in the conditions of secondary contamination in water distribution systems. This phenomenon exists in water networks all over the world. Its’ presence is particularly visible in countries of former communistic block. In the article particular attention was devoted to the issue of water quality correction in the analysed systems. In the case of water distribution systems, former quality correction methods consisted in special treatment of water pumped into the system, flushing and cleaning of water pipes. In both these cases identification of water quality deficiencies resulted in significant water loss. The situation reflects management processes applied in the manufacturing industry of the 1940s. The authors of this paper put forward the concept of three water quality correction methods which would not entail such considerable water loss. The methods in question are intended for different network types. The implementation of proposed solutions could set new standards in management of distribution systems of water providers.
Behaviour Evaluation Scales For Pediatric Dental Patients – Review And Clinical Experience
Authors: Shindova Maria P. , Belcheva Ani B. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The present article makes a review of the relevant literature on the scales used in the assessment of behaviour of pediatric dental patients as well as presents the results we have had of using a modified Kurosu Behaviour Evaluation Scale to assess a study sample. The review makes a critical analysis of current evaluation methods and the design of assessment scales. The assessment tools most commonly used in pediatric dentistry are presented in a chronological order from the past to the present. The clinical study we conducted used a modified Behaviour Evaluation Scale developed by Kurosu for the assessment of the behaviour of children. The study showed that during dental treatment of children in the age range of 6 to 12 years the prevailing objective behaviour characteristics in accordance with Kurosu’s behaviour evaluation scale are related to the eyes and the facial expression. The findings from the literature review and the results of our study warrant further studies to develop easy-to-use assessment tools that would enhance the objective assessment of behaviour.
Crystal structure of chlorido-tricarbonyl-bis(2-pyridylmethanone-N,N′)-rhenium(I), C14H8ClN2O4Re
Authors: Mukiza Janvier , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC14H8ClN2O4Re, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.5566(3) Å, b = 8.3079(3) Å, c = 12.0017(6) Å, α = 83.583(1)°, β = 88.746(2)°, γ = 76.915(1)°, V = 729.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0277, wRref(F2) = 0.0801, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of 2-((E)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)vinyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazolium dichloride dihydrate, C16H18Cl2N4O2
Authors: Schoultz Xandri , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC16H18Cl2N4O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.8369(3) Å, b = 11.4750(4) Å, c = 8.8258(3) Å, β = 95.958(2)°, V = 890.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0316, wRref(F2) = 0.0941, T = 200 K.
Influence of Nitrogen Application Rate and Meteorological Conditions on β-Glucan Content in Naked and Husked Oat Grain
Authors: Brunava Linda , Vilmane Laila , Zute Sanita 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of applied nitrogen fertilizer rate on β-glucan content in oat (Avena sativa L.) grains. The study was carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute from 2011 to 2014. Three nitrogen surface fertiliser treatments (80, 120 and 160 kg·ha-1) were applied on one husked oat (variety 'Lizete') and two naked oat genotypes (breeding lines 'S-156' and '33793'). The content of β-glucan in naked oat genotypes was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the husked genotype. The difference in β-glucan content between the naked breeding lines was not significant (p > 0.05). Significant (p < 0.05) differences in β-glucan content were observed between nitrogen treatments only for husked oat genotype 'Lizete'. Effect of growing season on β-glucan content was significant (p < 0.05) for both (naked and husked) oat genotypes. β-glucan content of naked oat breeding lines ('S-156' and '33793') was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 2011 comparing with 2012 and 2013, due to differences in precipitation during the grain filling period.
Application Of Multiple-Based Methods In Valuation Of Real Estate Development Companies
Authors: Żelazowski Konrad 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The enterprise's market value is one of the main parameters characterizing the condition of the business entity, its development prospects and market position. It is an important criterion considered by managers and investors. Among the wide group of business valuation methods, multiple-based methods of valuation can be distinguished. Their undeniable advantage is the relative simplicity and speed of carrying out the process of valuation. An important condition for their application is a sufficiently developed and mature capital market.
The aim of the paper is to present the potential of the application of multiple-based methods in the valuation of real estate development companies. The analysis will be conducted on the basis of the experience of the Polish market.
Segmented Capacitance Sensor with Partially Released Inactive Segments
Authors: Lev Jakub , Prošek V. , Novák P. , Kumhála F. , Wohlmuthová M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Material throughput measurement is important for many applications, for example yield maps creation or control of mass flow in stationary lines. Quite perspective can be the capacitive throughput method. Segmented capacitance sensor (SCS) is discussed in this paper. SCS is a compromise between simple capacitive throughput sensors and electrical capacitance tomography sensors. The SCS variant with partially released inactive segments is presented. The mathematical model of SCS was created and verified by measurements. A good correspondence between measured and computed values was found and it can be stated that the proposed mathematical model was verified. During measurement the voltage values on the inactive segments were monitored as well. On the basis of the measurement there was found that these values are significantly influenced by material distribution.
The Importance of cGMP Signaling in Sensory Cilia for Body Size Regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fujiwara Manabi , Hino Takahiro , Miyamoto Ryuta , Inada Hitoshi , Mori Ikue , Koga Makoto , Miyahara Koji , Ohshima Yasumi , Ishihara Takeshi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The body size of Caenorhabditis elegans is thought to be controlled by sensory inputs because many mutants with sensory cilium structure defects exhibit small body size. The EGL-4 cGMP-dependent protein kinase acts in sensory neurons to reduce body size when animals fail to perceive sensory signals. In addition to body size control, EGL-4 regulates various other behavioral and developmental pathways, including those involved in the regulation of egg laying and chemotaxis behavior. Here we have identified gcy-12, which encodes a receptor-type guanylyl cyclase, as a gene involved in the sensory regulation of body size. Analyses with GFP fusion constructs showed that gcy-12 is expressed in several sensory neurons and localizes to sensory cilia. Genetic analyses indicated that GCY-12 acts upstream of EGL-4 in body size control but does not affect other EGL-4 functions. Our studies indicate that the function of the GCY-12 guanylyl cyclase is to provide cGMP to the EGL-4 cGMP-dependent kinase only for limited tasks including body size regulation. We also found that the PDE-2 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase negatively regulates EGL-4 in controlling body size. Thus, the cGMP level is precisely controlled by GCY-12 and PDE-2 to determine body size through EGL-4, and the defects in the sensory cilium structure may disturb the balanced control of the cGMP level. The large number of guanylyl cyclases encoded in the C. elegans genome suggests that EGL-4 exerts pleiotropic effects by partnering with different guanylyl cyclases for different downstream functions.
Alternative Transposition Generates New Chimeric Genes and Segmental Duplications at the Maize p1 Locus
Authors: Wang Dafang , Yu Chuanhe , Zuo Tao , Zhang Jianbo , Weber David F , Peterson Thomas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The maize Ac/Ds transposon family was the first transposable element system identified and characterized by Barbara McClintock. Ac/Ds transposons belong to the hAT family of class II DNA transposons. We and others have shown that Ac/Ds elements can undergo a process of alternative transposition in which the Ac/Ds transposase acts on the termini of two separate, nearby transposons. Because these termini are present in different elements, alternative transposition can generate a variety of genome alterations such as inversions, duplications, deletions, and translocations. Moreover, Ac/Ds elements transpose preferentially into genic regions, suggesting that structural changes arising from alternative transposition may potentially generate chimeric genes at the rearrangement breakpoints. Here we identified and characterized 11 independent cases of gene fusion induced by Ac alternative transposition. In each case, a functional chimeric gene was created by fusion of two linked, paralogous genes; moreover, each event was associated with duplication of the ∼70-kb segment located between the two paralogs. An extant gene in the maize B73 genome that contains an internal duplication apparently generated by an alternative transposition event was also identified. Our study demonstrates that alternative transposition-induced duplications may be a source for spontaneous creation of diverse genome structures and novel genes in maize.
The Effects of Background and Interference Selection on Patterns of Genetic Variation in Subdivided Populations
Authors: Zeng Kai , Corcoran Pádraic 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
It is well known that most new mutations that affect fitness exert deleterious effects and that natural populations are often composed of subpopulations (demes) connected by gene flow. To gain a better understanding of the joint effects of purifying selection and population structure, we focus on a scenario where an ancestral population splits into multiple demes and study neutral diversity patterns in regions linked to selected sites. In the background selection regime of strong selection, we first derive analytic equations for pairwise coalescent times and FST as a function of time after the ancestral population splits into two demes and then construct a flexible coalescent simulator that can generate samples under complex models such as those involving multiple demes or nonconservative migration. We have carried out extensive forward simulations to show that the new methods can accurately predict diversity patterns both in the nonequilibrium phase following the split of the ancestral population and in the equilibrium between mutation, migration, drift, and selection. In the interference selection regime of many tightly linked selected sites, forward simulations provide evidence that neutral diversity patterns obtained from both the nonequilibrium and equilibrium phases may be virtually indistinguishable for models that have identical variance in fitness, but are nonetheless different with respect to the number of selected sites and the strength of purifying selection. This equivalence in neutral diversity patterns suggests that data collected from subdivided populations may have limited power for differentiating among the selective pressures to which closely linked selected sites are subject.
Natural Variations in SLG7 Regulate Grain Shape in Rice
Authors: Zhou Yong , Miao Jun , Gu Haiyong , Peng Xiurong , Leburu Mamotshewa , Yuan Fuhai , Gu Houwen , Gao Yun , Tao Yajun , Zhu Jinyan , Gong Zhiyun , Yi Chuandeng , Gu Minghong , Yang Zefeng , Liang Guohua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) grain shape, which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), has a strong effect on yield production and quality. However, the molecular basis for grain development remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel QTL, Slender grain on chromosome 7 (SLG7), that is responsible for grain shape, using backcross introgression lines derived from 9311 and Azucena. The SLG7 allele from Azucena produces longer and thinner grains, although it has no influence on grain weight and yield production. SLG7 encodes a protein homologous to LONGIFOLIA 1 and LONGIFOLIA 2, both of which increase organ length in Arabidopsis. SLG7 is constitutively expressed in various tissues in rice, and the SLG7 protein is located in plasma membrane. Morphological and cellular analyses suggested that SLG7 produces slender grains by longitudinally increasing cell length, while transversely decreasing cell width, which is independent from cell division. Our findings show that the functions of SLG7 family members are conserved across monocots and dicots and that the SLG7 allele could be applied in breeding to modify rice grain appearance.