bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus complications and NAFLD: Insights from the NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wan Sizhe , Li Mingkai , Lu Sicun , Zhai Zhiyong , Wu Yuankai , Gong Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease strongly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a subtype of diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance, often accompanied by complications such as kidney disease, microangiopathy, and neuropathy. There is a strong association between T2DM and NAFLD; however, the causal link between T2DM and the development of NAFLD is unclear. We performed multivariable regression analyses to assess the association between T2DM complications (kidney disease and retinopathy) and NAFLD. Subsequently, we employed mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the genetic determinants of T2DM complications on NAFLD, utilizing GWAS datasets. The results of the regression analysis showed that the presence of diabetic kidney disease and lower eGFR, rather than retinopathy, were positively correlated with NAFLD (β: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.40–3.75, p < 0.001; β: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.47–5.85, p = 0.002). However, the MR analysis did not reveal a causal relationship between T2DM-related kidney disease and NAFLD, in either the discovery or validation group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that while diabetic kidney disease is associated with NAFLD, there is no causal association between T2DM-related kidney disease and NAFLD. These findings could inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
The influence of socio-economic status on the fulfilment of Saint-Gallen recommendations for early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Alonso-Molero Jéssica , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Guevara Marcela , Amiano Pilar , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Marcos-Delgado Alba , Mirones Mónica , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Molina-Barceló Ana , Bayo Juan , Sanvisens Arantza , Fernández-Ortiz María , Fernández-Villa Tania , Espinosa Ana , Aizpurua Amaia , Ardanaz Eva , Aragonés Nuria , Kogevinas Manolis , Pollán Marina , Llorca Javier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Socio-economic status (SES) is related to breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We study if SES is related to the adequacy of the treatment according to Saint Gallen consensus in Spanish women with incident breast cancer. Breast cancer cohort was assembled from incident cases from MCC-Spain and prospective followed-up afterwards. Participants were then classified according to the Saint-Gallen consensus in three categories (In Saint-Gallen, who received therapy accorded by Saint Gallen; Over Saint-Gallen, who received some additional therapy; or Under Saint-Gallen, who did not receive the complete therapy). Association between SES and Saint-Gallen fulfilment was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for clinicopathological variables. 1115 patients in stages I and II were included. Women with university education were three times more likely to receive over Saint-Gallen therapies (RRR = 3.29; 95%CI 1.77–6.11). We observed an 18% increase in the chances of being over Saint-Gallen per point of the SES score (RRR per point 1.18; 95%CI 1.07–1.29). In the simplified SES score, women with higher SES were over Saint-Gallen twice than those with lower SES (RRR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.47–4.09). Women with higher SES more often received over Saint-Gallen therapies. Further analyses are needed to understand the influence of these differences on the overall survival as well as its potential unwanted side effects.
Glial reactivity is linked to synaptic dysfunction across the aging and Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: Pascoal Tharick , Rohden Francieli , Ferreira Pamela , Bellaver Bruna , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Aguzzoli Cristiano , Soares Carolina , Abbas Sarah , Zalzale Hussein , Povala Guilherme , Lussier Firoza , Leffa Douglas , Bauer-Negrini Guilherme , Rahmouni Nesrine , Tissot Cécile , Therriault Joseph Therriault , Servaes Stijn , Stevenson Jenna , Benedet Andrea , Ashton Nicholas , Karikari Thomas , Tudorascu Dana , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Zimmer Eduardo , Souza Diogo , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that glial and neuronal changes may trigger synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease(AD). However, the link between glial and neuronal markers and synaptic abnormalities in the living brain is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the association between biomarkers of astrocyte and microglial reactivity and synaptic dysfunction in 478 individuals across the aging and AD spectrum from two cohorts with available CSF measures of amyloid-β(Aβ), phosphorylated tau(pTau181), astrocyte reactivity(GFAP), microglial activation(sTREM2), and synaptic biomarkers(GAP43 and neurogranin). Elevated CSF GFAP levels were linked to presynaptic and postsynaptic dysfunction, regardless of cognitive status or Aβ presence. CSF sTREM2 levels were associated with presynaptic biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired and impaired Aβ + individuals and postsynaptic biomarkers in cognitively impaired Aβ + individuals. Notably, CSF pTau181 levels mediated all associations between GFAP or sTREM2 levels and synaptic dysfunction biomarkers. These results suggest that neuronal-related synaptic biomarkers could be used in clinical trials targeting glial reactivity in AD.
Enhanced Thermal Characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells With Carbon Nanotube Catalysts for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Quadri Zainab Abiola , Shoge Mansurat , Abbe Godwin Eseosa , Mbada Ndubuisi Isaac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) catalysts on the thermal characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) for aerospace applications. Using ANSYS Fluent 2022R1, a three-dimensional PEMFC model was simulated under three scenarios: Nafion membrane with a platinum-carbon (Pt/C) catalyst, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane with a Pt/C catalyst, and acid-doped PBI membrane with a platinum-carbon nanotube (Pt/CNT) catalyst. Operating at 160°C and a voltage range of 0.9V to 0.2V, the thermal properties were analyzed. Results showed that the Nafion scenario had a significant voltage decline with increasing current density due to electrochemical and thermal limitations. The acid-doped PBI membrane exhibited enhanced performance with better electrochemical kinetics and reduced resistance. The acid-doped PBI membrane with Pt/CNT catalyst achieved a peak current density of 1.251 A/cm² at 0.2V and increased internal energy to over 100 kJ/kg, compared to 19.8 kJ/kg for Nafion and 46.3 kJ/kg for acid-doped PBI. This improvement was due to Pt/CNT's superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties. The Pt/CNT catalyst also enhanced PEMFC output by supporting better electrochemical reactions, proton conductivity, and energy conversion. Additionally, it modestly increased water concentration at the cathode outlet. These findings highlight the potential of the PBI membrane and Pt/CNT catalyst combination for advancing PEMFC technology in aerospace applications, addressing the challenges of elevated operating temperatures.
Plastic pollution emission factors: How much escapes, how far it goes, and how to intervene in the solid waste management system
Authors: Cottom Joshua W. , Cook Ed , Velis Costas A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The United Nations have agreed to negotiate a legally binding instrument to eliminate plastic pollution which includes provisions to reduce environmental emissions of plastic through improved waste management. However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence to prioritize the actions which will have the greatest impact on plastic pollution mitigation and many of the specific emission and transmission pathways are highly challenging to observe and measure. To this, we apply an expert elicitation study to provide a systematic evidence base on which parts of the solid waste management (SWM) system have the highest potential for plastic emission as well as the effectiveness of specific interventions to reduce them. We found that SWM processes closer to the waste generator, such as the waste storage and collection stage, have the greatest potential for plastic emission, with the most effective mitigations often simple solutions, such as provision of rigid containers or ensuring waste is disposed of in bags. Our results contribute to a much-needed evidence base and demonstrate significant reduction in plastic debris emissions is achievable by deploying tangible and effective local SWM infrastructure and service interventions.
Effect of polysaccharide-coatings on deep-fried chicken breast physicochemical properties and nutritional composition
Authors: Okon Utibe Mfon , Nuamah Emmanuel , Jonathan Precious Peter , Essien Comfort Abel , Tushar Zahidul Hasan , Gardezi Zahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Using wheat flour coating food to reduce oil absorption during frying has been explored, but many alternatives exist.
Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of polysaccharide coatings on the physicochemical and nutritional composition of deep-fried chicken breast.
Materials and Methods: Pre-weighed marinated cut chunks of breast muscle were immersed in a treatment batter slurry of edible flour coatings (wheat, sweet potato, cassava, and cocoyam), refrigerated, and deep-fried. The deep-fried meats were analyzed for their proximate and mineral contents, whereas breaded meats were examined for their physicochemical properties.
Results: Coating did not influence the coating yield but significantly (p<0.0001) increased frying yield and pH (p = 0.0105). Nonetheless, edible coatings had no significant impact on meat lightness (p = 0.1481), redness (p = 0.3596), and yellowness (p = 0.6852). In addition, with crude fiber and energy, which did not vary, the value of deep-fried breast muscle’s proximate composition differed significantly among treatments (p<0.05). Likewise, all mineral parameters analyzed, except magnesium, varied among treatments (p<0.05). Notably, sweet potato markedly improved physicochemical and proximate attributes among the coating materials, whereas cocoyam provided a better mineral composition than wheat flour.
Conclusion: Alternative edible coatings significantly impacted deep-fried chicken breast’s physicochemical properties and nutrient and mineral composition. These findings suggest that alternative coatings can produce healthier chicken products. However, further research on their color is needed for better product acceptability.
Evaluating the Impact of Environmental Semantic Distractions on Multimodal Large Language Models
Authors: Kuhozido Simon , Dunfield Graham , Ostrich Emily , Waterhouse Caleb 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Multimodal models integrating visual and textual data have transformed artificial intelligence applications by providing more holistic and contextually aware responses. However, the susceptibility of these models to environmental semantic distractions poses a significant challenge, as it can compromise their performance and reliability in real-world scenarios. This article evaluates the impact of semantic distractions on ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, revealing critical vulnerabilities in their interpretative and generative capabilities. A comprehensive methodology was employed, involving the creation of controlled input variations and the systematic introduction of distractions to assess model performance. Findings indicate a substantial decline in accuracy, coherence, and consistency with increasing levels of distraction, highlighting the need for targeted improvements in model robustness. Advanced attention mechanisms, adversarial training techniques, and synthetic data augmentation are proposed as potential strategies to enhance model resilience. Despite the controlled nature of the study, the insights gained prove the importance of developing more robust multimodal models capable of maintaining high performance amidst environmental noise. Future research directions include evaluating models in more naturalistic settings and expanding the range of assessed distractions to better capture real-world complexity.
Exploring the Efficacy of Integrating ChatGPT and Padlet for Augmenting Reading and Writing Proficiency among engineering students
Authors: Binu  
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the efficacy of integrating ChatGPT and Padlet platforms to augment reading and writing proficiency among engineering students. In an increasingly digital learning landscape, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT alongside collaborative platforms such as Padlet holds promise for enhancing language skills acquisition. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of pre- and post-intervention reading and writing assessments with qualitative examination of student perceptions and experiences. Engineering students are engaged in interactive reading and writing tasks facilitated by ChatGPT-generated prompts on Padlet. Data collection includes student performance metrics, feedback surveys, and textual analysis of student interactions. Preliminary findings suggest that the integration of ChatGPT and Padlet positively impacts reading comprehension, writing fluency, and engagement levels among engineering students. However, challenges related to technical issues, instructional design, and potential bias in data interpretation are identified. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI-enhanced language learning and provides insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to support literacy development in specialized academic contexts.
Trends and Implications of Ribosome-associated Protein Quality Control in Diseases: A Bibliographic Analysis
Authors: Chen Leijie , Song Wanjuan , Qing Yumin , Tan Yuyong , Liu Jia , Lv Liang 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Ribosome-associated protein Quality Control (RQC), comprising
several well-organized processes and crucial factors, provides translational surveillance
in cells by recognizing and degrading aberrant nascent proteins arising from ribosome
stalling. Although rapid progress has been made in RQC, a bibliographic analysis of
RQC-related literature studies for the overall trends and research progress, particularly
the correlation of RQC with diseases, is absent.

Methods:
We obtained scientific outputs of global RQC between 1999 and 2022 by
Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and a package of R
called bibliometrix were applied to explore the current research status, hotspots, and the
relationship between RQC and diseases.

Results:
A total of 429 articles have been included in this study, and the number of published
studies increases annually. The United States and Germany have been found to
lead in this field. An analysis of the keywords has shown “initiation”, “aggregation”,
“structure basis”, “elongation”, and “degradation” to be the emerging themes of RQC.
Keywords co-occurrence has shown E3 ubiquitin ligase to bridge RQC and neurodegeneration.

Conclusion:
Through a summary of the current studies on RQC, our study has provided
evolutionary trends and frontiers in this field by mathematical analysis and visualization,
implying the potential of RQC in neurodegeneration and other diseases.

result:
A total of 429 articles were included, and the number published increases annually. The United States and Germany lead in this field. Analyzing the keywords showed that “initiation,” “aggregation,” “structure basis,” “elongation,” and “degradation” were the emerging themes of RQC. Keywords co-occurrence showed that “E3 ubiquitin ligase” bridges RQC and neurodegeneration.
Novel Approaches for the Enhancement of Bioavailability of Drugs: An Updated Review
Authors: Dash Jyoshna Rani , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Samal Himansu Bhusan , Pradhan Gangadhar , Baral Choudhury Pratyush Kumar , Behera Biswajit , Kar Biswakanth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
In medicine, bioavailability is the percentage of a drug that enters the bloodstream and
can be used to treat a patient. It has proven challenging throughout time to develop techniques that
allow oral administration of most drugs, regardless of their properties, to achieve therapeutic systemic
availability. This will be an impressive feat, considering that over 90% of pharmaceuticals
are known to have limitations on their oral bioavailability. Improving bioavailability is crucial for
optimizing the efficacy and safety of drugs. This review covers a wide range of techniques, including
physical, chemical, and formulation approaches, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages,
and limitations. Inhibitions of efflux pumps, inhibition of presystemic metabolism, and innovative
drug delivery systems that capitalize on the gastrointestinal regionality of medicines are some of
the new techniques that have drawn increased interest. Nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals is also
being used in this field. We have collected the literature data from 2009 to 2024 using Science Direct,
PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
Re-evaluating the Relationship between Cosmetic Products and Cancer: An Investigative Review of Paradigms
Authors: Kumar Philips , Chakroborty Prantik Kishor , Wilson Kashish , Goyal Rajat , Gupta Sumeet , Saharan Anjali , Rani Nidhi , Sharma Prerna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Cosmetics are items that are used to glorify or change facial looks and appearance as
well as provide fragrance to the body. Their main aim is to cleanse, beautify, facilitate attractiveness,
and change physical looks. Women use many different beauty products, such as skin care,
hair, perfume, oral hygiene, and nail care items, which may include harmful substances that are
threatening to their health. The controversy around cosmetics and beauty products promoting cancer
threat has grown over the previous few years. According to data from the European Cancer
Registries, postmenopausal and very young women are now seeing an increase in the occurrence
of breast cancer, which is the more frequent form of cancer in women. Genetic predisposition,
long-term hormone replacement treatment, and various environmental variables, including air pollution,
agrochemicals, alcohol, and specific consumer goods like cosmetic additives, are some of
the causes of breast cancer. Additionally, the USFDA made all adverse event reports, including
those involving concerns about cosmetics, publicly accessible via the Adverse Event Reporting
System (CAERS) of the Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition in 2016. In this period of
modernization, CAERS is of limited use since there is a lack of different supporting data, such as
demographic information, medical history, or linked product usage, and because the existing data
is vulnerable to severe reporting bias. Despite the system's potential to protect the public's health,
the database's future usefulness will depend on a wide range of reporting participants, more thorough
reporting, and concurrent investments in regulatory science and enhanced molecular techniques.
Oxidized Ethylene Glycol/ZrO2-coated NiTi Orthodontic Arch Wires: Surface Characterization and Electrochemical and Corrosion Studies
Authors: Perumal Abisha , Sridharan Gokul , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Madhivanan Keerthana , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Orthodontic arch wires, typically made of Nickel Titanium (NiTi), are
widely utilized in dental procedures for correcting teeth misalignment and jaw issues due to
their favorable mechanical attributes and cost-effectiveness. However, these NiTi wires are
prone to corrosion in the oral environment, leading to diminished mechanical stability, compromised
aesthetics, and potential health concerns for patients.

Objective:
There is a growing demand to augment the corrosion resistance and stability of orthodontic
wires. Hence, this study aimed to address these issues. Herein, zirconium dioxide
(ZrO2) and oxidized ethylene glycol (OEG) films were deposited onto NiTi wires to improve the
corrosion resistance and stability.

Methods:
NiTi wires were modified by a two-step process involving electrodeposition of ZrO2
and oxidized ethylene glycol (OEG) film. The surface characterizations of coated material
(OEG/ZrO2/NiTi) were carried out by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM),
Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Electron Microprobe Analysis (EMap)
to confirm the elemental composition of the coated NiTi wire.

Results:
The OEG/ZrO2/NiTi wire exhibited a potentiodynamic polarization resistance of
547037 Ω and higher stability than the bare NiTi wire (396421 Ω). The corrosion rate for
OEG/ZrO2/NiTi wire was found to be 0.040 mm/year, which was comparatively lower than a
bare NiTi wire (0.069 mm/year). Due to the formation of OEG/ZrO2 film, NiTi wire became
electrically insulative and showed a higher impedance than bare NiTi wire.

Conclusion:
The bilayer coating of ZrO2 and OEG has proven to significantly improve the corrosion
resistance and stability of the wires. Thus, these materials can be considered for coating
orthodontic arch wires with improved corrosion stability.
Agrimonolide Inhibits the Malignant Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Induces Ferroptosis through the mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Cai Wei , Yan Yiguang 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), a prevalent type of lung cancer, has a poor
prognosis and contributes to a high mortality rate. Agrimonolide, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, possesses
various biomedical activities. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and mechanism of agrimonolide in
NSCLC.

Methods:
The viability, proliferation, and tumor-forming ability of A549 cells were detected using the Cell
Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8) assay, EdU staining, and colony formation assay. The cell cycle was detected
using flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were detected using wound healing and transwell assays.
Western blot was used to detect Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-, ferroptosis-, and mechanistic targets
of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins. Lipid peroxidation was detected using the thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay kit, while lipid Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was detected using a
BODIPY 581/591 C11 kit. The level of Fe2+ was detected using corresponding assay kits.

Results:
In this study, agrimonolide with varying concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μM) could inhibit the proliferation,
induce cycle arrest, suppress metastasis, induce ferroptosis, and block the mTOR signaling pathway in
NSCLC cells. To further reveal the mechanism of agrimonolide associated with the mTOR signaling pathway in
NSCLC, mTOR agonist MHY1485 (10 μM) was used to pre-treat A549 cells, and functional experiments were
conducted again. It was found that the protective effects of AM on NSCLC cells were all partially abolished by
MHY1485 pre-treatment.

Conclusion:
Agrimonolide inhibited the malignant progression of NSCLC and induced ferroptosis by blocking
the mTOR signaling pathway, thus indicating the potential of agrimonolide as a prospective candidate for treating
NSCLC.