bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decomposition Theorem for Immersions of Product Manifolds
Authors: Tojeiro Ruy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe introduce polar metrics on a product manifold, which have product and warped product metrics as special cases. We prove a de Rham-type theorem characterizing Riemannian manifolds that can be locally or globally decomposed as a product manifold endowed with a polar metric. For such a product manifold, our main result gives a complete description of all its isometric immersions into a space form whose second fundamental forms are adapted to its product structure in the sense that the tangent spaces to each factor are preserved by all shape operators. This is a far-reaching generalization of a basic decomposition theorem for isometric immersions of Riemannian products due to Moore as well as of its extension by Nölker to isometric immersions of warped products.
Liberalism and the Interpretive Turn: Rival Approaches or Cross-Purposes?
Authors: Choi Naomi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper calls attention to the interpretive, and humanist liberal, strand of thinking that is most clearly evident in the development of Charles Taylor's ideas. Recovering it makes it possible to see why the differences between Taylor and Rawls should be seen, not in terms of the erstwhile disputes between liberals and communitarians, but instead as over issues of method, and in particular about the independence or autonomy of political philosophy. Rawls and Taylor exemplify distinct modes of postanalytic liberal theorizing that emerged in the late twentieth century out of two very different responses to challenges within analytic philosophy's discursive beginnings that continue to divide the discipline to this day. Their juxtaposition, therefore, sheds light on how such methodological commitments animate normative prerogatives and generates important resources for thinking about the very powers and limits of political theory.
The Kuhning of reason: Realism, rationalism, and political decision in IR theory after Thomas Kuhn
Authors: GUILHOT NICOLAS 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBeyond the initial infatuation with his work, Kuhn’sStructure of Scientific Revolutionshas had a lasting impact on the field of International Relations. The article analyses the reception of Kuhn in IR and suggests that it contributed to overcoming the ‘second debate’ by making science and realism fully compatible. More importantly, Kuhn offered a vision of science in which scientific communities operated on the basis of realist principles. This not only consolidated the academic hold of neorealism, but transformed realism into a theory of knowledge, which its critics have failed to acknowledge. This lasting transformation is analysed by looking at Kuhn’s influence on the classic studies of strategic decision-making by Graham Allison and Robert Jervis.
What drives the vital rates of secondary hemiepiphytes? A first assessment for three species of Heteropsis (Araceae) in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Balcázar-Vargas María Paula , van Andel Tinde R. , Westers Paul , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:Secondary hemiepiphytes rely on other plants (hosts) to grow vertically. After germinating on the forest floor, their seedlings search a host to ascend. We recorded information on survival, growth, reproduction and vegetative propagation of three Heteropsis species, to evaluate what drives their vital rates. We measured 700 individuals of each study species between 2007 and 2009 in the southern Colombian Amazon. A gradual increase in stem length, leaf size, number of roots and plagiotropic branches was found with increasing height of Heteropsis individuals on their hosts. Survival of leafless non-climbing seedlings was very low (28% annually); increasing substantially (84–94%) once the seedling had ascended a host. The three Heteropsis species presented slow height growth rates (c. 2–8 cm y−1) with large variation, while a substantial percentage of the stems (31–62%) did not grow or dried out. Vegetative propagation in Heteropsis may act as a dispersion-propagation strategy to find a suitable host and reach the canopy again after falling. The slow growth rates suggest that Heteropsis individuals that have reached the canopy are rather old. Once plants have reached the tree crowns, their longevity is largely determined by the survival of the host tree.
Quantum Hall resistance standards from graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on silicon carbide
Authors: Lafont F. , Ribeiro-Palau R. , Kazazis D. , Michon A. , Couturaud O. , Consejo C. , Chassagne T. , Zielinski M. , Portail M. , Jouault B. , Schopfer F. , Poirier W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractReplacing GaAs by graphene to realize more practical quantum Hall resistance standards (QHRS), accurate to within 10−9 in relative value, but operating at lower magnetic fields than 10 T, is an ongoing goal in metrology. To date, the required accuracy has been reported, only few times, in graphene grown on SiC by Si sublimation, under higher magnetic fields. Here, we report on a graphene device grown by chemical vapour deposition on SiC, which demonstrates such accuracies of the Hall resistance from 10 T up to 19 T at 1.4 K. This is explained by a quantum Hall effect with low dissipation, resulting from strongly localized bulk states at the magnetic length scale, over a wide magnetic field range. Our results show that graphene-based QHRS can replace their GaAs counterparts by operating in as-convenient cryomagnetic conditions, but over an extended magnetic field range. They rely on a promising hybrid and scalable growth method and a fabrication process achieving low-electron-density devices.
Radixin regulates synaptic GABAA receptor density and is essential for reversal learning and short-term memory
Authors: Hausrat Torben J. , Muhia Mary , Gerrow Kimberly , Thomas Philip , Hirdes Wiebke , Tsukita Sachiko , Heisler Frank F. , Herich Lena , Dubroqua Sylvain , Breiden Petra , Feldon Joram , Schwarz Jürgen R , Yee Benjamin K. , Smart Trevor G. , Triller Antoine , Kneussel Matthias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeurotransmitter receptor density is a major variable in regulating synaptic strength. Receptors rapidly exchange between synapses and intracellular storage pools through endocytic recycling. In addition, lateral diffusion and confinement exchanges surface membrane receptors between synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. However, the signals that regulate this transition are currently unknown. GABAA receptors containing α5-subunits (GABAAR-α5) concentrate extrasynaptically through radixin (Rdx)-mediated anchorage at the actin cytoskeleton. Here we report a novel mechanism that regulates adjustable plasma membrane receptor pools in the control of synaptic receptor density. RhoA/ROCK signalling regulates an activity-dependent Rdx phosphorylation switch that uncouples GABAAR-α5 from its extrasynaptic anchor, thereby enriching synaptic receptor numbers. Thus, the unphosphorylated form of Rdx alters mIPSCs. Rdx gene knockout impairs reversal learning and short-term memory, and Rdx phosphorylation in wild-type mice exhibits experience-dependent changes when exposed to novel environments. Our data suggest an additional mode of synaptic plasticity, in which extrasynaptic receptor reservoirs supply synaptic GABAARs.
Evidence for carrier localization in the pseudogap state of cuprate superconductors from coherent quench experiments
Authors: Madan I. , Kurosawa T. , Toda Y. , Oda M. , Mertelj T. , Mihailovic D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA ‘pseudogap’ was introduced by Mott to describe a state of matter that has a minimum in the density of states at the Fermi level, deep enough for states to become localized. It can arise either from Coulomb repulsion between electrons, and/or incipient charge or spin order. Here we employ ultrafast spectroscopy to study dynamical properties of the normal to pseudogap state transition in the prototype high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. We perform a systematic temperature and doping dependence study of the pseudogap photodestruction and recovery in coherent quench experiments, revealing marked absence of critical behaviour of the elementary excitations, which implies an absence of collective electronic ordering beyond a few coherence lengths on short timescales. The data imply ultrafast carrier localization into a textured polaronic state arising from a competing Coulomb interaction and lattice strain, enhanced by a Fermi surface instability.
Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and learning relative to an isocaloric glucose diet
Authors: Rendeiro Catarina , Masnik Ashley M. , Mun Jonathan G. , Du Kristy , Clark Diana , Dilger Ryan N. , Dilger Anna C. , Rhodes Justin S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that fructose consumption is associated with weight gain, fat deposition and impaired cognitive function. However it is unclear whether the detrimental effects are caused by fructose itself or by the concurrent increase in overall energy intake. In the present study we examine the impact of a fructose diet relative to an isocaloric glucose diet in the absence of overfeeding, using a mouse model that mimics fructose intake in the top percentile of the USA population (18% energy). Following 77 days of supplementation, changes in body weight (BW), body fat, physical activity, cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis were assessed. Despite the fact that no differences in calorie intake were observed between groups, the fructose animals displayed significantly increased BW, liver mass and fat mass in comparison to the glucose group. This was further accompanied by a significant reduction in physical activity in the fructose animals. Conversely, no differences were detected in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive/motor performance as measured by object recognition, fear conditioning and rotorod tasks. The present study suggests that fructoseper se, in the absence of excess energy intake, increases fat deposition and BW potentially by reducing physical activity, without impacting hippocampal neurogenesis or cognitive function.
Solution-processed transparent blue organic light-emitting diodes with graphene as the top cathode
Authors: Chang Jung-Hung , Lin Wei-Hsiang , Wang Po-Chuan , Taur Jieh-I , Ku Ting-An , Chen Wei-Ting , Yan Shiang-Jiuan , Wu Chih-I 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGraphene thin films have great potential to function as transparent electrodes in organic electronic devices, due to their excellent conductivity and high transparency. Recently, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)have been successfully demonstrated to possess high luminous efficiencies with p-doped graphene anodes. However, reliable methods to fabricate n-doped graphene cathodes have been lacking, which would limit the application of graphene in flexible electronics. In this paper, we demonstrate fully solution-processed OLEDs with n-type doped multilayer graphene as the top electrode. The work function and sheet resistance of graphene are modified by an aqueous process which can also transfer graphene on organic devices as the top electrodes. With n-doped graphene layers used as the top cathode, all-solution processed transparent OLEDs can be fabricated without any vacuum process.
Isolation and characterization of a native avirulent strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2: a perspective for vaccine development
Authors: Yao Xinyue , Li Ming , Wang Jing , Wang Changjun , Hu Dan , Zheng Feng , Pan Xiuzhen , Tan Yinling , Zhao Yan , Hu Liwen , Tang Jiaqi , Hu Fuquan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStreptococcus suis, an emerging infectious pathogen, is the cause of two large-scale outbreaks of human streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in China and has attracted much attention from the scientific community. The genetic basis of its pathogenesis remains enigmatic and no effective prevention measures have been established. To better understand the virulence differentiation of S. suis and develop a promising vaccine, we isolated and sequenced a native avirulent S. suis strain (05HAS68). Animal experiments revealed that 05HAS68 is an avirulent strain and could protect piglets from the attack of virulent strains. Comparative genomics analyses demonstrated the genetic basis for the lack of virulence in 05HAS68, which is characterized by the absence of some important virulence-associated factors and the intact 89K pathogenicity island. Lack of virulence was also illustrated by reduced survival of 05HAS68 compared to a virulent strain in pig whole blood. Further investigations revealed a large-scale genomic rearrangement in 05HAS68, which was proposed to be mediated by transposase genes and/or prophages. This genomic rearrangement may have caused the genomic diversity of S. suis and resulted in biological discrepancies between 05HAS68 and highly virulent S. suis strains.
Sound Packing DNA: packing open circular DNA with low-intensity ultrasound
Authors: Park DongHee , Jung Bong-Kwang , Park Hyunjin , Lee Hyungbeen , Lee Gyudo , Park Jingam , Shin Unchul , Won Jong Ho , Jo Yong Jun , Chang Jin Woo , Lee Sangwoo , Yoon Daesung , Seo Jongbum , Kim Chul-Woo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSupercoiling DNA (folding DNA into a more compact molecule) from open circular forms requires significant bending energy. The double helix is coiled into a higher order helix form; thus it occupies a smaller footprint. Compact packing of DNA is essential to improve the efficiency of gene delivery, which has broad implications in biology and pharmaceutical research. Here we show that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound can pack open circular DNA into supercoil form. Plasmid DNA subjected to 5.4 mW/cm2intensity ultrasound showed significant (p-values <0.001) supercoiling compared to DNA without exposure to ultrasound. Radiation force induced from ultrasound and dragging force from the fluid are believed to be the main factors that cause supercoiling. This study provides the first evidence to show that low-intensity ultrasound can directly alter DNA topology. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for improved non-viral gene delivery.
A note on sharp one-sided bounds for the Hilbert transform
Authors: Strzelecki Michał 
Published: April 2015

Let

H

T

\mathcal {H}^{\mathbb {T}}

denote the Hilbert transform on the circle. The paper contains the proofs of the sharp estimates

1

2
π

|

{
ξ
∈

T

:

H

T

f
(
ξ
)
≥
1
}

|

≤

4
π

arctan
⁡

(
exp
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(

π
2

‖
f

‖
1

)

)

−
1
,

f
∈

L

1

(

T

)
,

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{2\pi }|\{ \xi \in \mathbb {T} : \mathcal {H}^{\mathbb {T}}f(\xi ) \geq 1 \}| \leq \frac {4}{\pi }\arctan \left (\exp \left (\frac {\pi }{2}\|f\|_1\right )\right ) -1, \quad f\in L^{1}(\mathbb {T}), \end{equation*}

and

1

2
π

|

{
ξ
∈

T

:

H

T

f
(
ξ
)
≥
1
}

|

≤

‖
f

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2
2

1
+
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f

‖
2
2

,

f
∈

L

2

(

T

)
.

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{2\pi }|\{ \xi \in \mathbb {T} : \mathcal {H}^{\mathbb {T}}f(\xi ) \geq 1 \}| \leq \frac {\|f\|_2^2}{1+\|f\|_2^2}, \quad f\in L^{2}(\mathbb {T}). \end{equation*}

Related estimates for orthogonal martingales satisfying a subordination condition are also established.
OTS and OCC Power Grab
Authors: Engel Kathleen C. , McCoy Patricia A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As predatory lenders swept the country, states and cities responded to Washington's inaction by passing their own anti-predatory lending laws. Lenders, worried about potential liability, quickly organized a full-scale attack on the state and local initiatives. Their most potent strategy lay in challenging the state and local laws under an obscure doctrine known as federal preemption. When a federal law “preempts” a state or local law, it overrides the application of that law, either in part or whole. This chapter discusses federal preemption by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
Put to the Test
Authors: Engel Kathleen C. , McCoy Patricia A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses oversight by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). In addition to instituting federal preemption and refusing to adopt binding rules that would have mandated safe underwriting practices, the OCC and OTS also failed to take formal enforcement actions against troubled banks and thrifts. The FDIC, however, did not preempt state anti-predatory lending laws for the community banks it regulated. While a few FDIC-regulated banks got into trouble with subprime loans, for the most part FDIC institutions steered clear of those products. Thus, FDIC-regulated banks only had a small role in the unfolding subprime crisis.
Wall Street Skirts Regulation
Authors: Engel Kathleen C. , McCoy Patricia A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This chapter discusses how federal regulators contributed to the subprime crisis. Congress laid the groundwork back in 1999 and 2000, when it deregulated over-the-counter credit default swaps, which ultimately became pathways of contagion. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for its part looked the other way while banks issued droves of subprime bonds and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) marred by shoddy due diligence, skimpy disclosures, and inflated credit ratings. Then federal banking regulators sealed the financial system's fate by allowing commercial banks to load up on toxic mortgage-backed securities.
Contours of the Battlefield
Authors: Kivivuori Janne 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines the intellectual context in which the quantitative hidden crime survey was discovered. It begins with an overview of the penal-welfare complex before turning to the abnormality paradigm of criminology, with particular emphasis on Cesare Lombroso's theory of the ‘born criminal’, the degeneration theory of crime, and the psychologisation of abnormality. It then considers the normality paradigm, first by describing some of the intellectual currents that preceded Emile Durkheim and then some of his thoughts related to normality. It also discusses Robert K. Merton's critique of the abnormality paradigm, along with his views on social deviance and crime as innovation.
Challenges to the implementation of a nationwide electronic prescribing network in primary care: a qualitative study of users’ perceptions
Authors: Motulsky Aude , Sicotte Claude , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Payne-Gagnon Julie , Langué-Dubé Julie-Alexandra , Rochefort Christian M , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and objective The objective of this study was to identify physicians’ and pharmacists’ perceptions of the challenges and benefits to implementing a nationwide electronic prescribing network linking medical clinics and community pharmacies in Quebec, Canada.Methods Forty-nine people (12 general practitioners, 2 managers, 33 community pharmacists, and 2 pharmacy staff members) from 40 points of care (10 primary care clinics (42% of all the connected sites) and 30 community pharmacies (44%)) were interviewed in 2013. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results A low level of network use was observed. Most pharmacists processed e-prescriptions by manual entry instead of importing electronically. They reported concerns about potential errors generated by importing e-prescriptions, mainly due to the instruction field. Paper prescriptions were still perceived as the best means for safe and effective processing of prescriptions in pharmacies. Speed issues when validating e-prescription messages were seen as an irritant by physicians, and resulted in several of them abandoning transmission. Displaying the medications based on the dispensing data was identified as the main obstacle to meaningful use of medication histories.Conclusions Numerous challenges impeded realization of the benefits of this network. Standards for e-prescription messages, as well as rules for message validation, need to be improved to increase the potential benefits of e-prescriptions. Standard drug terminology including the concept of clinical medication should be developed, and the implementation of rules in local applications to allow for the classification and reconciliation of medication lists from dispensing data should be made a priority.
Telomere-associated proteins add deoxynucleotides to terminal proteins during replication of the telomeres of linear chromosomes and plasmids in Streptomyces
Authors: Yang Chien-Chin , Tseng Shu-Min , Chen Carton W. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Typical telomeres of linear chromosomes and plasmids of soil bacteria Streptomyces consist of tightly packed palindromic sequences with a terminal protein (‘TP’) covalently attached to the 5′ end of the DNA. Replication of these linear replicons is initiated internally and proceeds bidirectionally toward the telomeres, which leaves single-strand overhangs at the 3′ ends. These overhangs are filled by DNA synthesis using the TPs as the primers (‘end patching’). The gene encoding for typical TP, tpg, forms an operon with tap, encoding an essential telomere-associated protein, which binds TP and the secondary structures formed by the 3′ overhangs. Previously one of the two translesion synthesis DNA polymerases, DinB1 or DinB2, was proposed to catalyze the protein-primed synthesis. However, using an in vitro end-patching system, we discovered that Tpg and Tap alone could carry out the protein-primed synthesis to a length of 13 nt. Similarly, an ‘atypical’ terminal protein, Tpc, and its cognate telomere-associated protein, Tac, of SCP1 plasmid, were sufficient to achieve protein-primed synthesis in the absence of additional polymerase. These results indicate that these two telomere-associated proteins possess polymerase activities alone or in complex with the cognate TPs.
Wall Street women: professional saviors of the global economy
Authors: Fisher Melissa 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to, by drawing on two decades of field work on Wall Street, explore the recent evolution in the gendering of Wall Street, as well as the potential effects – including the reproduction of financiers’ power – of that evolution. The 2008 financial crisis was depicted in strikingly gendered terms – with many commentators articulating a divide between masculine, greedy, risk-taking behavior and feminine, conservative, risk-averse approaches for healing the crisis. For a time, academics, journalists and women on Wall Street appeared to be in agreement in identifying women’s feminine styles as uniquely suited to lead – even repair – the economic debacle.Design/methodology/approach– The article is based on historical research, in-depth interviews and fieldwork with the first generation of Wall Street women from the 1970s up until 2013.Findings– In this article, it is argued that the preoccupation in feminine styles of leadership in finance primarily reproduces the power of white global financial elites rather than changes the culture of Wall Street or breaks down existent structures of power and inequality.Research limitations/implications– The research focuses primarily on the ways American global financial elites maintain power, and does not examine the ways in which the power of other international elites working in finance is reproduced in a similar or different manner.Practical implications– The findings of the article provide practical implications for understanding the gendering of financial policy making and how that gendering maintains or reproduces the economic system.Social implications– The paper provides an understanding of how the gendered rhertoric of the financial crisis maintains not only the economic power of global financial elites in finance but also their social and cultural power.Originality/value– The paper is based on original, unique, historical ethnographic research on the first generation of women on Wall Street.