bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Talking a different language’: an exploration of the influence of organizational cultures and working practices on transition from child to adult mental health services
Authors: McLaren Susan , Belling Ruth , Paul Moli , Ford Tamsin , Kramer Tami , Weaver Tim , Hovish Kimberly , Islam Zoebia , White Sarah , Singh Swaran P 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundOrganizational culture is manifest in patterns of behaviour underpinned by beliefs, values, attitudes and assumptions, which can influence working practices. Cultural factors and working practices have been suggested to influence the transition of young people moving from child to adult mental health services. Failure to manage and integrate transitional care effectively can lead to young people losing contact with health and social care systems, resulting in adverse effects on health, well-being and potential.MethodsThe study aim was to identify the organisational factors which facilitate or impede transition of young people from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS) from the perspective of health professionals and representatives of voluntary organisations. Specific objectives were (i) to explore organizational cultures, structures, processes and resources which influence transition from child to adult mental health services; (ii) identify factors which constitute barriers and facilitators to transition and continuity of care and (iii) make recommendations for service improvements. Within an exploratory, qualitative design thirty four semi-structured interviews were conducted with health and social care professionals working in CAMHS and AMHS in four NHS Mental Health Trusts and four voluntary organizations, in England.ResultsA cultural divide appears to exist between CAMHS and AMHS, characterized by different beliefs, attitudes, mutual misperceptions and a lack of understanding of different service structures. This is exacerbated by working practices relating to communication and information transfer which could impact negatively on transition, relational, informational and cross boundary continuity of care. There is also evidence of a cultural shift, with some positive approaches to collaborative working across services and agencies, involving joint posts, parallel working, shared clinics and joint meetings.ConclusionsCultural factors embodied in mutual misperceptions, attitudes, beliefs exist between CAMHS and AMHS. Working practices can exert either positive or negative effects on transition and continuity of care. Implementation of shared education and training, standardised approaches to record keeping and information transfer, supported by compatible IT resources are recommended, alongside management strategies which evaluate the achievement of outcomes related to transition and continuity of care.
Epidemiological and clinical correlates of malaria-helminth co-infections in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulu Andargachew , Legesse Mengistu , Erko Berhanu , Belyhun Yeshambel , Nugussie Demise , Shimelis Techalew , Kassu Afework , Elias Daniel , Moges Beyene 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
In many areas of the world, including Ethiopia, malaria and helminths are co-endemic, therefore, co-infections are common. However, little is known how concurrent infections affect the epidemiology and/or pathogenesis of each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of intestinal helminth infections on the epidemiology and clinical patterns of malaria in southern Ethiopia where both infections are prevalent.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 at Wondo Genet Health Center and Bussa Clinic, southern Ethiopia. Consecutive blood film positive malaria patients (N=230) and malaria negative asymptomatic individuals (N=233) were recruited. Malaria parasite detection and quantification was diagnosed using Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films, respectively. Helminths were detected using direct microscopy and formol-ether concentration techniques. Coarse quantification of helminths ova was made using Kato Katz method.

Results
The over all magnitude of intestinal parasitic infection was high irrespective of malaria infection (67% among malaria positive patients versus 53.1% among malaria non-infected asymptomatic individuals). Trichuris trichiura infection was associated with increased malaria prevalence while increased worm burden of helminths as expressed by egg intensity was associated with increased malaria parasitaemia which could be a potential factor for development of severe malarial infection with the course of the disease. Majority (77%) of the subjects had multiple helminths infection. T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, and hookworm infestation accounted for 64.5, 57.7 %, 28.4%, and 12.2% of the infections, respectively.

Conclusions
Populations in malaria-endemic areas of southern Ethiopia are multi-parasitized with up to four helminths. Mass deworming may be a simple practical approach in endemic areas in reducing the risk of severe malarial attack particularly for those at high risk of both infections.
Adaptation of the methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis knowledge questionnaire (MiRAK) for use with parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: Wickwar Sadie , Buerkle Katrin , McBain Hayley , Ciciriello Sabina , Osborne Richard H , Wedderburn Lucy R , Newman Stanton P 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Although Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most commonly prescribed disease-modifying drugs in JIA no questionnaire exists that assesses the knowledge of parents about this drug. A 60-item questionnaire was recently developed to measure rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ knowledge about MTX; the Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Knowledge Test (MiRAK; Ciciriello et al. (Arthritis Rheum 62:10–1009, 2010)). This study aimed to adapt the MiRAK for parents of children with JIA.

Methods
Adaption of the MiRAK involved: 1) email consultations with clinicians working in the field of paediatric rheumatology (Panel 1) to ascertain the potential adaptations of the MiRAK from a clinical perspective, 2) synthesis of clinicians’ suggestions by a panel of experts, researchers and MiRAK developers (Panel 2) to reach consensus on which items needed to be modified and create a draft Methotrexate in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Knowledge Test (MiJIAK), 3) a review of the draft by 5 parents of children with JIA (Panel 3) using the cognitive ‘think-aloud’ method, 4) a second consultation with Panel 2 to review parents’ suggestions and determine the final items.

Results
A total of 9 items remained unchanged, e.g. “Methotrexate is effective at relieving joint stiffness”, 19 were deemed inappropriate in the paediatric setting and deleted, e.g. “It is safe to become pregnant 3 weeks after methotrexate has been stopped”, 32 underwent editorial changes largely to indicate that the questionnaire was about the children with JIA, e.g. “If you forget to give a dose of Methotrexate, you can still take it the next day” became “If your child misses a dose of Methotrexate, they can still take it the next day”, and 1 new item was added. A new 42-item questionnaire was produced and was found to be well understood by parents of children with JIA.

Conclusions
The systematic modification of the MiRAK, a patient-centred MTX knowledge questionnaire, has generated a comprehensive new questionnaire for use in the JIA setting. The wide consultation process, including cognitive testing, has ensured the tool is both relevant and acceptable to clinicians and will therefore be a valuable addition in understanding the parents’ perspective of this treatment in JIA.
Development and application of a high throughput carbohydrate profiling technique for analyzing plant cell wall polysaccharides and carbohydrate active enzymes
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Jackson Peter , Rubtsov Denis V , Faria-Blanc Nuno , Mortimer Jenny C , Turner Simon R , Krogh Kristian B , Johansen Katja S , Dupree Paul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Plant cell wall polysaccharide composition varies substantially between species, organs and genotypes. Knowledge of the structure and composition of these polysaccharides, accompanied by a suite of well characterised glycosyl hydrolases will be important for the success of lignocellulosic biofuels. Current methods used to characterise enzymatically released plant oligosaccharides are relatively slow.

Results
A method and software was developed allowing the use of a DNA sequencer to profile oligosaccharides derived from plant cell wall polysaccharides (DNA sequencer-Assisted Saccharide analysis in High throughput, DASH). An ABI 3730xl, which can analyse 96 samples simultaneously by capillary electrophoresis, was used to separate fluorophore derivatised reducing mono- and oligo-saccharides from plant cell walls. Using electrophoresis mobility markers, oligosaccharide mobilities were standardised between experiments to enable reproducible oligosaccharide identification. These mobility markers can be flexibly designed to span the mobilities of oligosaccharides under investigation, and they have a fluorescence emission that is distinct from that of the saccharide labelling. Methods for relative and absolute quantitation of oligosaccharides are described. Analysis of a large number of samples is facilitated by the DASHboard software which was developed in parallel. Use of this method was exemplified by comparing xylan structure and content in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in xylan synthesis. The product profiles of specific xylanases were also compared in order to identify enzymes with unusual oligosaccharide products.

Conclusions
The DASH method and DASHboard software can be used to carry out large-scale analyses of the compositional variation of plant cell walls and biomass, to compare plants with mutations in plant cell wall synthesis pathways, and to characterise novel carbohydrate active enzymes.
The effect of chronic prenatal hypoxia on the development of mature neurons in the cerebellum
Authors: So Keumyoung , Chung Yoonyoung , Lee Hyunyoung , Kim Eunyoung , Jeon Yonghyun 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Adverse intrauterine circumstances can result in abnormal brain development, and can contribute to many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and cognitive and behavioral deficits. These neurological problems are caused by conditions that cause chronic placental insufficiency (CPI), such as hypoxia and acidemia. Hypoxia has been implicated in structural alterations of the cerebellum during development; however, the changes to the cerebellar external granular layer (EGL) induced by chronic prenatal hypoxia are not well understood. We therefore investigated the effect of chronic prenatal hypoxia on the development of mature neurons in the EGL using the guinea pig CPI model.

Methods
Unilateral uterine artery ligation was performed at 30 to 32 days of gestation (dg) - with term defined as approximately 67 dg. At 50 dg, 60 dg, and one week after birth, fetuses and newborns were sacrificed and assigned to either the growth-restricted (GR) or control (no ligation) group. After fixation, dissection, and sectioning of cerebellar tissue from these animals, immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies raised to hypoxia-induced factor 1α (Hif1α), Pax6, NeuroD, and NeuN.

Results
The induction of hypoxia was confirmed by the presence of Hif1α immunoreactivity in the EGL of the GR (but not control) fetuses. The only other cellular immunoreactivity found in any of the tissues was to the NeuN antibody, which is a marker of mature neurons. The proportion of NeuN-immunoreactive (NeuN-IR) cells to the total number of cells in the EGL did not differ between the GR and control groups at 50 and 60 dg. The density of NeuN-IR cells was greater in GR fetuses than in controls at 60 dg (P < 0.05) but not at 50 dg. At one week after birth, the EGL was just one cell thick, and only a few NeuN-IR cells could be observed in both groups. TUNEL assays performed to enable the evaluation of apoptosis in the cerebellar EGL revealed that cell death was not affected by hypoxia at 50 dg, 60 dg, and one week after birth.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that chronic prenatal hypoxia affects the process of neuronal production late in fetal life, but that this effect does not persist postnatally.
Contemporary multidisciplinary treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancer
Authors: Meisel Jane L , Economy Katherine E , Calvillo Katherina Zabicki , Schapira Lydia , Tung Nadine M , Gelber Shari , Kereakoglow Sandra , Partridge Ann H , Mayer Erica L 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy poses unique challenges. Application of standard treatment algorithms is limited by lack of level I evidence from randomized trials. This study describes contemporary multidisciplinary treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) in an academic setting and explores early maternal and fetal outcomes. A search of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center clinical databases was performed to identify PABC cases. Sociodemographic, disease, pregnancy, and treatment information, as well as data on short-term maternal and fetal outcomes, were collected through retrospective chart review. 74 patients were identified, the majority with early-stage breast cancer. Most (73.5%) underwent surgical resection during pregnancy, including 40% with sentinel lymph node biopsy and 32% with immediate reconstruction. A total of 36 patients received anthracycline-based chemotherapy during pregnancy; of those, almost 20% were on a dose-dense schedule and 8.3% also received paclitaxel. 68 patients delivered liveborn infants; over half were delivered preterm (< 37 weeks), most scheduled to allow further maternal cancer therapy. For the infants with available data, all had normal Apgar scores and over 90% had birth weight >10th percentile. The rate of fetal malformations (4.4%) was not different than expected population rate. Within a multidisciplinary academic setting, PABC treatment followed contemporary algorithms without apparent increase in maternal or fetal adverse outcomes. A considerable number of preterm deliveries were observed, the majority planned to facilitate cancer therapy. Continued attention to maternal and fetal outcomes after PABC is required to determine the benefit of this delivery strategy.
Circulating Fragments of N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptides in Plasma of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Foo Jared Yong Yang , Wan Yunxia , Schulz Benjamin L , Kostner Karam , Atherton John , Cooper-White Justin , Dimeski Goce , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND
The use of nonstandardized N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assays can contribute to the misdiagnosis of heart failure (HF). Moreover, there is yet to be established a common consensus regarding the circulating forms of NT-proBNP being used in current assays. We aimed to characterize and quantify the various forms of NT-proBNP in the circulation of HF patients.

METHODS
Plasma samples were collected from HF patients (n = 20) at rest and stored at −80 °C. NT-proBNP was enriched from HF patient plasma by use of immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analysis. Customized homogeneous sandwich AlphaLISA® immunoassays were developed and validated to quantify 6 fragments of NT-proBNP.

RESULTS
Mass spectrometry identified the presence of several N- and C-terminally processed forms of circulating NT-proBNP, with physiological proteolysis between Pro2-Leu3, Leu3-Gly4, Pro6-Gly7, and Pro75-Arg76. Consistent with this result, AlphaLISA immunoassays demonstrated that antibodies targeting the extreme N or C termini measured a low apparent concentration of circulating NT-proBNP. The apparent circulating NT-proBNP concentration was increased with antibodies targeting nonglycosylated and nonterminal epitopes (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
In plasma collected from HF patients, immunoreactive NT-proBNP was present as multiple N- and C-terminally truncated fragments of the full length NT-proBNP molecule. Immunodetection of NT-proBNP was significantly improved with the use of antibodies that did not target these terminal regions. These findings support the development of a next generation NT-proBNP assay targeting nonterminal epitopes as well as avoiding the central glycosylated region of this molecule.
Direct embeddings of relatively hyperbolic groups with optimal ℓ
p
compression exponent
Authors: Hume David 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

We prove that for all p > 1, every relatively hyperbolic group has ℓ
p
compression exponent equal to the minimum of the exponents of its maximal peripheral subgroups. This improves results of Dadarlat–Guentner and Dreesen. As a first step we give a direct geometric proof that hyperbolic groups have ℓ
p
compression exponent 1, independent of those given by Bonk–Schramm, Buyalo–Dranishnikov–Schroeder, Gal and Tessera.
The use of an anti-inflammatory supplement in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Moreillon Jennifer J. , Bowden Rodney G. , Deike Erika , Griggs Jackson , Wilson Ron , Shelmadine Brian , Cooke Matt , Beaujean Alexander 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a continuous reduction in kidney function, increased inflammation, and reduced antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a herbal supplement on systemic inflammation and antioxidant status in non-dialysis CKD patients. Sixteen patients with CKD (56.0±16.0 yrs, 171.4±11.9 cm, 99.3±20.2 kg) were randomly chosen to receive a herbal supplement composed of Curcuma longa and Boswellia serrata, or placebo. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Baseline data demonstrated elevated inflammation and low antioxidant levels. A significant time effect (p=0.03) and time x compliance interaction effect (p=0.04) were observed for IL-6. No significant differences were observed for any other variables. This study demonstrates that mild and moderate CKD is associated with chronic inflammation and low antioxidant activity. Systemic inflammation and impaired antioxidant status may be greater in CKD populations with multiple comorbidities. Curcumin and Boswellia serrata are safe and tolerable and helped to improve the levels of an inflammatory cytokine.
Are conduits superconductor-like and supported by tetrahedra structure of hyaluronic matrix in living systems? New perspectives
Authors: Fromknecht Rainer , Goncalves Mario , Greten Henry Johannes , Machado Jorge 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
All biological–medical treatments need a ground regulation in the intermeshed control loop system in animate matter. The focus of our contribution is to suggest a possible mechanism in this interconnected system that will work in order to supply/assist a higher ordered servo loop. Bonghan ducts indicate similarities to so-called meridians or conduits that are the central part in Chinese Medicine for the energy Qi. It is assumed that the nervous system demands a highly redundant and rapid communication system (RCS) probably established via the extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggered by a threshold value for the entire body. Metabolic processes could work in the picosecond’s range while the nervous system is on the time scale at least one order of magnitude lower; probably most of them in the millisecond range. Long-range coherent electromagnetic phenomena and recent experiments indicate a structured superconducting-like system with the Josephson-effect behavior in biological systems. In the ECM are the components proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (PG/GAGs) and among them the ubiquitarian hyaluronic acid plays probably an important role and can behave as liquid crystals while the charge transport is performed via proton “jumping” in the proton-chains. Therefore, the water molecules have to be confident on a nanometer scale, lowering their energy states, and set up a phase transition with a rapid jumping of the protons through the water–carbon-chains. These partial chains could probably be modeled by tiny pyramids of the atoms. We propose that in order to set up those long-range coherent effects, a vortex is created. By doing Qi Gong, an energetic vortex through the body is established and the entire body can be modeled by two-base plane-faced pyramids acting as a tunable cavity resonator obeying electrodynamics laws. Therefore, the phenomenon’s of pyramids should be considered in animate and inanimate matter in order to achieve long-range coherent effects, which by now controversially discussed and to go new ways to come over the clutter.
Maintenance of Interphase Chromosome Compaction and Homolog Pairing in Drosophila Is Regulated by the Condensin Cap-H2 and Its Partner Mrg15
Authors: Smith Helen F , Roberts Meredith A , Nguyen Huy Q , Peterson Maureen , Hartl Tom A , Wang Xiao-Jun , Klebba Joseph E , Rogers Gregory C , Bosco Giovanni 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Dynamic regulation of chromosome structure and organization is critical for fundamental cellular processes such as gene expression and chromosome segregation. Condensins are conserved chromosome-associated proteins that regulate a variety of chromosome dynamics, including axial shortening, lateral compaction, and homolog pairing. However, how the in vivo activities of condensins are regulated and how functional interactors target condensins to chromatin are not well understood. To better understand how Drosophila melanogaster condensin is regulated, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the chromo-barrel domain protein Mrg15 to interact with the Cap-H2 condensin subunit. Genetic interactions demonstrate that Mrg15 function is required for Cap-H2-mediated unpairing of polytene chromosomes in ovarian nurse cells and salivary gland cells. In diploid tissues, transvection assays demonstrate that Mrg15 inhibits transvection at Ubx and cooperates with Cap-H2 to antagonize transvection at yellow. In cultured cells, we show that levels of chromatin-bound Cap-H2 protein are partially dependent on Mrg15 and that Cap-H2-mediated homolog unpairing is suppressed by RNA interference depletion of Mrg15. Thus, maintenance of interphase chromosome compaction and homolog pairing status requires both Mrg15 and Cap-H2. We propose a model where the Mrg15 and Cap-H2 protein–protein interaction may serve to recruit Cap-H2 to chromatin and facilitates compaction of interphase chromatin.