bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEITO DA EXPLORAÇÃO NA RIQUEZA FLORÍSTICA E DIVERSIDADE EM UMA FLORESTA ECOTONAL DA REGIÃO NORTE MATO-GROSSENSE
Authors: Colpini Chirle , Silva Versides Sebastião de Moraes e , Soares Thelma Shirlen , Assumpção José Vespasiano Lisboa , Chiaranda Roberto 
Published: December 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as mudanças ocorridas na riqueza e diversidade de espécies em uma floresta ecotonal na região norte mato-grossense. Os dados foram coletados em três ocasiões (2001, antes da exploração, e em 2003 e 2007, após a exploração), em 74 parcelas de 0,25 ha, sendo 69 para estudar a floresta não explorada e 5 para a explorada, com a retirada dos fustes de árvores com diâmetros comercialmente aceitos no mercado. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura do solo (Dap) ≥ 17 cm foram mensurados e identificados. A diversidade florística foi avaliada por meio do quociente de mistura de Jentsch e pelo índice de Shannon-Wiener e a equabilidade pelo índice de Pielou. A variação da riqueza e diversidade de espécies antes e após a exploração madeireira foi pequena, o que confirma o baixo impacto da exploração na composição e diversidade das espécies da floresta.Palavras-chave: Diversidade; equabilidade; Amazônia Meridional. AbstractLogging effects on floristic richness and species diversity in an ecotonal forest in northern region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in relation to floristic richness and species diversity in an ecotonal forest in northern region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Data had been collected along three different moments (2001 [before logging], in 2003 and 2007 [after logging]) in 74 0.25-ha plots (69 in unlogged forest and 5 in logged forest). Trees with diameter ≥ 17 cm and 1.3 m height (dbh) had been measured and identified. Floristic diversity was evaluated by Jentsch Coefficient of Mixture and Shannon-Wiener index as well as its equability by Pielou’s Index. There were little variations before and after logging in relation to floristic richness and species diversity, it confirms low impact of exploration on floristic composition and species diversity of the forest.Keywords: Diversity; equability; Southern Amazonia.
EFEITO DO DESBASTE E DA FERTILIZAÇÃO NA PORCENTAGEM DE CASCA E CONICIDADE DE TORAS DE Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Lima Israel Luiz de , Garcia José Nivaldo 
Published: December 2014

O uso de espécies do gênero Eucalyptus, como madeira serrada, já é uma realidade, porém estudos de técnicas silviculturais que podem influenciar no aproveitamento da madeira serrada tornam-se necessários. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do desbaste e da fertilização na porcentagem de casca e na conicidade de toras de uma população de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, aos 21 anos de idade, em Lençóis Paulista/SP. Para tanto, foram analisadas três intensidades de desbastes seletivos (37, 50 e 75%), presença ou ausência de fertilizantes na época de início dos desbastes, e duas classes de DAP (classe 1 para valores entre 25 e 30 e classe 2 para valores entre 30 e 35 cm). As amostras, em forma de toras de 3 m, foram coletadas em duas posições verticais ao longo da altura do fuste comercial (tora 1 de 1,7 a 4,7 e tora 2 de 6,4 a 9,4 m), tratadas de forma independente. A porcentagem de casca foi influenciada pelo desbaste e pela fertilização, porém somente na tora 1. A classe de diâmetro não exerceu nenhum efeito nessa característica da árvore. A conicidade variou somente com a classe de diâmetro, sendo maior nas toras da 2ª classe.Palavra-chave: Manejo florestal; qualidade das toras; características dendrométricas. AbstractEffects of thinning and fertilization onpercentage of bark and log taper of Eucalyptus grandis. Genus Eucalyptus species used as sawn wood is already reality, although it is still necessary more research on silvicultural techniques that may influence sawn wood usage. This research aim to analyze influence of thinning and fertilization on percentage of bark and log taper of a planted population of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, 21 years-old, in Lençóis Paulista, SP. It focused three thinning intensities (37, 50 and 75%), presence or absence of fertilizers and two DBH classes (class 1 for values between 25 and 30 and class 2 for values between 30 and 35 cm). Samples of 3 m. long logs had been collected from two vertical positions at the height of tree commercial stem (log 1 from 1.7 to 4.7 and log 2 from 6.4 to 9.4 m), and treated independently. Bark percentage was influenced by thinning intensity and fertilization, but only in log 1. The percentage of bark was influenced by thinning intensity and fertilization but only in log 1. Diameter class did not bring any effect on such tree characteristic. Log tapering varied only accordingly to the diameter class, and it was larger for 2nd class logs.Keywords: Forest management; quality of logs; dendrometric characteristics.
RIQUEZA ESPECÍFICA EM ÁREAS DE CAMPO NATIVO IMPACTADAS POR VISITAÇÃO TURÍSTICA E PASTEJO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DOS CAMPOS GERAIS, PR
Authors: Dalazoana Karine , Moro Rosemeri Segecin 
Published: December 2014

O Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (PNCG) detém áreas de campos de altitude sob forte pressão antrópica, com a expansão das atividades agrícolas, pecuária, silvicultura e visitação turística desordenada. Devido ao impacto gerado, existe uma tendência à diminuição da riqueza específica, através da seletividade de espécies. Este trabalho analisa a resposta das comunidades campestres em termos de composição de espécies aos impactos de pastejo, roçada e pisoteio humano. Em quatro estações de coleta, foram determinados 107 táxons distribuídos em 23 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram Asteraceae e Poaceae, ambas com 24 táxons, e Fabaceae, com 14 táxons. A riqueza específica variou de 27 a 75 espécies, com maior riqueza na estação não pastejada nem roçada, apenas visitada por turistas. O levantamento mostrou que, apesar da pressão antrópica, as áreas estudadas exibem considerável riqueza específica quando comparadas a outros trabalhos na região, mantendo ainda seu potencial biótico dinâmico. Floristicamente, os impactos gerados por gado ou por manejo com roçadeira se equivalem. Seis gêneros têm potencial para serem utilizados como bioindicadores de áreas conservadas: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia e Commelina, mas há necessidade de ampliação das áreas estudadas para estabelecer mais claramente seu valor de bioindicação.Palavras-chave: Campo nativo; Campos Gerais; área impactada; pastejo; visitação turística. AbstractThe species diversity in native grassland areas that are under impact of tourism and grazing at Campos Gerais National Park, Parana, Brazil. Campos Gerais National Park (PNCG) has areas of grassland under high anthropogenic pressure, as expansion of agricultural activities, livestock, forestry and disorderly tourism. Due to these impacts, there is a tendency to decrease local biodiversity by selection of more resistant species. This paper focuses the grassland community answers to mowing, grazing and tourism. In four sampling sites it was determined 107 taxa belonging to 23 botanic families. The main families are Asteraceae (24 taxa), Poaceae (24 taxa) and Fabaceae (14 taxa). Species diversity varied from 27 to 75 species. In relation to species number, non-grazed areas presented greater diversity than other ones; it points to that touristic visitation may cause lower impact than grazing or mowing. In spite of the anthropogenic factors, the focused sites presented high specific diversity in relation to related areas. In relation to species diversity, grazing or mowing are equal. Six genera presented potentiality as bioindicators of preserved environments: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia, and Commelina, although more sample areas are necessary to reliable results.Keywords: Grasslands; Campos Gerais; impacted area; grazing; touristic activities.
“Can These Dry Bones Live?”
Authors: Udombana Nsongurua J. 
Published: December 2014

“Can These Dry Bones Live?” In Search of a Lasting Therapy for AU and ICC Toxic Relationship
The competing visions of international criminal justice between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the African Union (AU) reached a climax with the recent adoption of the AU Protocol enlarging the mandate of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights to cover criminal jurisdiction. The Protocol, inter alia, grants immunity to state officials for atrocious crimes, which clearly conflicts with the ICC Statute’s normative framework. This dialectic is bound to deepen an already toxic relationship between the two international players. This article calls for practical reasonableness by all stakeholders in order to revive the diminishing effort at advancing international criminal justice in Africa.
Redes sociales basadas en imágenes como herramienta de comunicación museística. Museos y centros de arte Moderno y Contemporáneo de España en Pinterest e Instagram
Authors: Marcelino Mercedes Georgina Victoria , De la Morena Taboada Marián 
Published: December 2014

Los museos y centros de arte alrededor del mundo, especialmente los catalogados como de arte Moderno y Contemporáneo, siguen el ejemplo de grandes marcas, empresas e instituciones y experimentan las ventajas de integrar a su plan de comunicación redes sociales basadas en imágenes como Pinterest e Instagram, que son las redes de esta tipología que mayor crecimiento de usuarios han experimentado en los últimos años. Una vez exploramos teóricamente qué son y cómo funcionan las redes sociales Pinterest e Instagram, y como están siendo aprovechadas por marcas e instituciones culturales, nos adentramos a descubrir qué nivel de participación tienen los museos españoles en las mismas. La población de la presente investigación la compone el universo de museos y centros de arte Moderno y Contemporáneo de España, en principio relacionados por dos condicionantes comunes; el arte moderno y contemporáneo como temática museológica y encontrarse localizados físicamente en territorio español. Analizaremos, cuáles de los museos y centros de arte Moderno y Contemporáneo de España son partícipes activos de estas dos redes sociales y si hacen uso de las mismas para la promoción de productos culturales, con miras a determinar si estas instituciones reconocen o no el potencial de ambas en la elaboración de una estrategia de comunicación online acorde a los nuevos tiempos.
Fausto Romitelli en son temps
Authors: Kaltenecker Martin 
Published: December 2014

L’oeuvre de Romitelli illustre un nouveau « régime » de la musique, où l’oeuvre n’est plus conçue et présentée au premier chef comme organisation ou structure critique mais comme dispositif d’écoute. C’est de l’entrée dans une matière, d’un zoom, d’un éveil de résonances que sont tirées les structurations. Ce nouveau paradigme peut se décliner selon plusieurs axes, dont nous suivons les traces chez Romitelli : un désir de continuité (à travers une conception d’objets mélodiques par dépli et repli) ; l’importance de la fusion sonore (intégration du son électronique dans l’instrumental) ; un souci d’une écoute à la fois incarnée (la guitare électrique fonctionne comme signal, comme « accroche », au sens des théoriciens de la musique populaire) et efficace (le processus doit être intelligible, la forme se découpant en pans et sections).
La saturation, métaphore pour la composition ?
Authors: Rigaudière Pierre 
Published: December 2014

L’exploration par les compositeurs du courant spectral ou par Helmut Lachenmann de
la face inharmonique du son aura assurément joué un rôle crucial dans l’acceptation par les
générations suivantes de la composante acoustique bruiteuse comme un matériau entièrement
légitime pour la composition. Pour des compositeurs comme Franck Bedrossian, Raphaël Cendo
et Yann Robin, il ne s’agissait plus d’envisager le son saturé comme un son poussé dans ses
derniers retranchements, ou comme l’outil d’une critique du « beau son » hérité du
romantisme, mais bel et bien d’en faire la matière d’un discours articulé. Composer
l’excès – de son, d’énergie – devenait pour eux un défi qu’il fallait relever par
l’écriture. Constituer une palette de modes de jeu et de timbres était une chose, en assurer
la dynamique et la cohérence en était une autre. L’une des visées principales de cet article
est de montrer comment, sur la base d’un vocabulaire en grande partie commun, les trois
compositeurs « saturationnistes » ont élaboré une grammaire qui les différencie aujourd’hui
de façon manifeste.
Protocolo técnico para la fotografía de fuentes filológicas primarias
Authors: Guixà Ricardo , Montaner Alberto 
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a technical protocol for taking photographs of primary sources of philological use for documentary purposes. The protocol is designed for obtaining an image as close to the original object as possible. The first section provides a detailed description of the materials necessary for photographing handwritten or printed texts. The next section describes a method adapted to the new circumstances of digital photography, in two steps: capturing RAW images, then editing them. This study gives a systematic description of the first part, describing, step by step, the technical decisions related to photographic shot settings in different lighting situations, with the aims of maximizing the quality of the result and preventing any loss of relevant data.
The Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Through Optimal Off-Loading
Authors: Snyder Robert J. , Frykberg Robert G. , Rogers Lee C. , Applewhite Andrew J. , Bell Desmond , Bohn Gregory , Fife Caroline E. , Jensen Jeffrey , Wilcox James 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWe sought to develop a consensus statement for the use of off-loading in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).MethodsA literature search of PubMed for evidence regarding off-loading of DFUs was initially conducted, followed by a meeting of authors on March 15, 2013, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to draft consensus statements and recommendations using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach to assess quality of evidence and develop strength of recommendations for each consensus statement.ResultsEvidence is clear that adequate off-loading increases the likelihood of DFU healing and that increased clinician use of effective off-loading is necessary. Recommendations are included to guide clinicians on the optimal use of off-loading based on an initial comprehensive patient/wound assessment and the necessity to improve patient adherence with off-loading devices.ConclusionsThe likelihood of DFU healing is increased with off-loading adherence, and, current evidence favors the use of nonremovable casts or fixed ankle walking braces as optimum off-loading modalities. There currently exists a gap between what the evidence supports regarding the efficacy of DFU off-loading and what is performed in clinical practice despite expert consensus on the standard of care.
Aging Small Scale Coconut Farmers in Central Philippines -- Their Perspectives on Farming, Succession and Future Impact on the Local Ecology
Authors: YAP ERNESTO GO 
Published: December 2014

The goal of past administrations of the Philippine government was to enablethe country to be self-sustainable in food production. This paper takes intostudy the coconut farmers; the country being a prime producer and exporter ofcoconuts. Many past and recent studies have shown that the coconut industryhas often been beset with numerous problems and small scale coconut farmersare poor, with the causes ranging from lack of finance, technical assistance andsocio-cultural factors. This study further explored the perspectives of smallscale coconut farmers on the issues of aging and succession, obstacles andopportunities of farming, as well as the future impact on the local ecology. Thisstudy is conducted in the province of Negros Oriental, Municipality of Bacong, in Central Philippines. Qualitative methods were primarily used in the research, including a survey, key informant interviews, participant observation. Thestudy revealed that family members currently involved in coconut farming aredecreasing, and a significant number of families do not have members to succeedthe parent-farmers, preferring to go for non-farming jobs. Farms are expected to be neglected. Keywords - Small-scale coconut farmers, poverty, perspectives, succession, local ecology,descriptive design, succession, Philippines
Upstream water resource management to address downstream pollution concerns: A policy framework with application to the Nakdong River basin in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Taeyeon , Rhodes Charles , Shah Farhed A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn empirical framework for assisting with water quality management is proposed that relies on open‐source hydrologic data. Such data are measured periodically at fixed water stations and commonly available in time‐series form. To fully exploit the data, we suggest that observations from multiple stations should be combined into a single long‐panel data set, and an econometric model developed to estimate upstream management effects on downstream water quality. Selection of the model's functional form and explanatory variables would be informed by rating curves, and idiosyncrasies across and within stations handled in an error term by testing contemporary correlation, serial correlation, and heteroskedasticity. Our proposed approach is illustrated with an application to the Nakdong River basin in South Korea. Three alternative policies to achieve downstream BOD level targets are evaluated: upstream water treatment, greater dam discharge, and development of a new water source. Upstream water treatment directly cuts off incoming pollutants, thereby presenting the smallest variation in its downstream effects on BOD levels. Treatment is advantageous when reliability of water quality is a primary concern. Dam discharge is a flexible tool, and may be used strategically during a low‐flow season. We consider development of a new water corridor from an extant dam as our third policy option. This turns out to be the most cost‐effective way for securing lower BOD levels in the downstream target city. Even though we consider a relatively simple watershed to illustrate the usefulness of our approach, it can be adapted easily to analyze more complex upstream‐downstream issues.
Is the monthly temperature climate of the United States becoming more extreme?
Authors: Kunkel Kenneth E. , Vose Russell S. , Stevens Laura E. , Knight Richard W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new data set of monthly temperatures, adjusted for detected inhomogeneities, was used to examine whether the monthly temperature climate of the U.S. has become more extreme. During the past two to three decades, there has been a shift toward more frequent very warm months, but less frequent very cold months. Thus, overall the monthly temperature climate has not become more extreme. Midtwentieth century including the 1930s was an earlier period of frequent very warm months, a result of very warm daytime temperatures, while nighttime temperatures were not unusual. Regionally, there is a lack of century‐scale warming in the southeast U.S. annually and in parts of the central U.S. in the summer, characterized by lack of daytime warming while there has been nighttime warming. Compared to the earlier midcentury warm period, recent decades have been more (less) extreme in the summer (winter) in the west while Midwest summers have been less extreme.
Energy and heat fluxes due to vertically propagating Yanai waves observed in the equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Smyth W. D. , Durland T. S. , Moum J. N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractShipboard current measurements in the equatorial Indian Ocean in October and November of 2011 revealed oscillations in the meridional velocity with amplitude
. These were clearest in a layer extending from ∼300 to 600 m depth and had periods near 3 weeks. Phase propagation was upward. Measurements from two sequential time series at the equator, four meridional transects and one zonal transect are used to identify the oscillation as a Yanai wave packet and to establish its dominant frequency and vertical wavelength. The Doppler shift is accounted for, so that measured wave properties are translated into the reference frame of the mean zonal flow. We take advantage of the fact that, in the depth range where the wave signal was clearest, the time‐averaged current and buoyancy frequency were nearly uniform with depth, allowing application of the classical theoretical representation of vertically propagating plane waves. Using the theory, we estimate wave properties that are not directly measured, such as the group velocity and the zonal wavelength and phase speed. The theory predicts a vertical energy flux that is comparable to that carried by midlatitude near‐inertial waves. We also quantify the wave‐driven meridional heat flux and the Stokes drift.
The Rhythm Method: A New Method for Measuring Cognitive Load—An Experimental Dual‐Task Study
Authors: Park Babette , Brünken Roland 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe present study joins a series of studies that used the dual‐task paradigm to measure cognitive load while learning with multimedia instruction. The goal of the current work was to develop a secondary task, to measure cognitive load in a direct and continuous way using intra‐individual, behavioral measures. The new task is achieved by utilizing internalized cues. More specifically, a previously practiced rhythm is executed continuously by foot tapping (secondary task) while learning (primary task). Precision of the executed rhythm was used as indicator for cognitive load—the higher the precision, the lower cognitive load. The suitability of this method was examined by two multimedia experiments (n1 = 30; n2 = 50). Cognitive load was manipulated by seductive details (Experiment 1: with vs. without) and modality (Experiment 2: on‐screen text vs. narration). Learners who learned under low cognitive load conditions (Experiment 1: without seductive details; Experiment 2: narration) showed significantly higher rhythm precision. These results provide evidence that rhythm precision allows for a precise and continuous measurement of cognitive load during learning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.