bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benders decomposition approach for the robust network design problem with flow bifurcations
Authors: Lee Chungmok , Lee Kyungsik , Park Sungsoo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe consider a network design problem in which flow bifurcations are allowed. The demand data are assumed to be uncertain, and the uncertainties of demands are expressed by an uncertainty set. The goal is to install facilities on the edges at minimum cost. The solution should be able to deliver any of the demand requirements defined in the uncertainty set. We propose an exact solution algorithm based on a decomposition approach in which the problem is decomposed into two distinct problems: (1) designing edge capacities; and (2) checking the feasibility of the designed edge capacities with respect to the uncertain demand requirements. The algorithm is a special case of the Benders decomposition method. We show that the robust version of the Benders subproblem can be formulated as a linear program whose size is polynomially bounded. We also propose a simultaneous cut generation scheme to accelerate convergence of the Benders decomposition algorithm. Computational results on real‐life telecommunication problems are reported, and these demonstrate that robust solutions with very small penalties in the objective values can be obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Networks, 2013.
Coverage of social marketing efforts in the mainstream media
Authors: Basil Michael 
Published: September 2012

How well known is the field of social marketing? Given the recent rise to prominence of social media, could there be name confusion between “social marketing” and “social media marketing?” To what extent do people believe that social change efforts are coercive or reflect a “nanny state?” We use a content analysis of newspaper coverage as a measure of public opinion to assess these issues. To investigate how much coverage social marketing efforts receive and how these efforts are portrayed in the mainstream media, a content analysis of the 10 largest circulation newspapers in the USA was conducted. A search examined the term “social marketing.” The results show that there is generally very limited coverage of social marketing. In fact, the term “social marketing” is currently being used primarily to describe social media marketing efforts. The results also show that there is a considerable amount of criticism of social change efforts, especially those with structural or “upstream” efforts. Finally, the likelihood of criticism depends on the orientation of the newspaper (with the Chicago Sun‐Times and the New York Times more typically supportive and the New York Post and the Wall Street Journal more critical of these efforts).Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel polyarylates containing aryl ether units: synthesis, characterization and properties
Authors: Liu Pengqing , Wu Ting , Ye Guangdou , Xu Jianjun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo improve the processability of the poly(p‐hydroxybenzoic acid), copolyarylates containing m‐aryl ether units were synthesized using p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, 1,4‐diacetoxybenzene and 1,3‐bis(4'‐carboxyphenoxy)benzene by melt transesterification reaction. The structure and properties of these polyarylates were characterized using infrared spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy etc. The results showed that all polyarylates were semicrystalline materials and could form a thermotropic liquid crystalline intermediate state. As the content of aryl ether units increased, the crystallization and melting temperatures of the polyarylate decreased; meanwhile, the crystalline ability became lower. The introduction of the aryl ether could restrain the formation of a liquid crystalline structure and reduce the thermal stability to some extent. After solid state polymerization (SSP), the intrinsic viscosity, melting temperature, crystallinity and thermal stability of the polyarylate increased while the melting range narrowed. However, the SSP reaction might be accompanied by degradation and crosslinking.
Synthesis and characterization of Au–alumina nanocomposites prepared by atom beam co‐sputtering
Authors: Tiwari Manisha , Agarwal D. C. , Mohapatra S. , Pivin J. C. , Avasthi D. K. , Annapoorni S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNanocomposite thin films of Au–alumina with varying Au contents were synthesized by atom beam co‐sputtering. The Au content and the thickness of nanocomposite films were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal the presence of Au nanoparticles with bimodal size distribution in nanocomposites for lower Au content. Overlapping Au nanoparticles were observed for higher Au content. The increase in size of Au nanocrystals is observed with increase in Au concentration as also evident by glancing angle X‐ray diffraction studies. Ultraviolet (UV)‐visible absorption studies revealed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak which showed a red shift from 519 to 602 nm with increasing Au content of the nanocomposites. Preliminary study exploring the interaction between Au nanoparticles in the nanocomposites and bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed the Au nanoparticles to be BSA sensitive, indicating their possible applications in biosensors.
Effects of gate shaping and consequent process changes on AlGaN/GaN HEMT reliability
Authors: Möreke Janina , Ťapajna Milan , Uren Michael J. , Pei Yi , Mishra Umesh K. , Kuball Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effect of gate shape and its necessary fabrication process on the reliability of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) was studied on devices fabricated on the same wafer, using DC and pulsed HEMT analysis. Simulations were used to determine the difference in electric field on the surface and in the barrier for the three gate shapes studied, I‐shaped, slanted, and recessed slanted. Prior to each electrical characterization during stress, devices were exposed to ultraviolet illumination to probe only newly generated traps rather than the filling of pre‐existing electronic traps. Degradation was seen to increase with electric field strength; in each device type traps were generated by device stress at the location of the peak electric field. It was found that HEMTs with I‐shaped gates showed larger degradation under the same stress conditions than devices with slanted gates. This was due to a higher electric field at the interface between the SiNx passivation and the AlGaN barrier layer resulting in higher surface trap generation. HEMTs with slanted recessed gates showed indications of barrier trapping while surface trapping effects played a smaller role.
Coherent phonon scattering in ZnO and ZnS at sulfite and oxygen impurities
Authors: Bachmann M. , Czerner M. , Heiliger C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe employ an atomistic Green's function (AGF) method which is based on ab initio interatomic force constants (IFCs) to calculate coherent phonon scattering in ZnO at sulfur impurities and ZnS at oxygen impurities. For our calculations we consider different geometries and different transport directions. In particular, we investigate the impact of the change in the mass of the impurities on the transmission function and also the change in the IFCs due to the impurities. We show that if we only consider a change in the mass the transmission function for the high energy phonons is strongly reduced. If we further take into account the change in the IFCs also the low energy phonons are affected. From these results we conclude that incorporation of sulfur in ZnO and incorporation of oxygen in ZnS can reduce the thermal lattice conductivity and therefore increase the figure of merit substantially. In addition, our results demonstrate that for a realistic description just the change of the mass is not enough but the IFCs of the impurities have to be calculated.
A non‐smooth lower bound on ν
Authors: Lemos Rodrigo G.S. , Simões Alberto M. , Apkarian Pierre 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYA non‐smooth optimization technique to directly compute a lower bound on the skew structured singular value ν is developed. As corroborated by several real‐world challenging applications, the proposed technique can provide tighter lower bounds when compared with currently available techniques. Moreover, in many cases, the determined lower bound equals the true value of ν. Thanks to the efficiency of the non‐smooth technique, the algorithm can be applied to problems involving even a significant number of uncertain parameters. Another appealing feature of the proposed non‐smooth approach is that the dimension of repeated scalar uncertainties in the overall structured uncertainty matrix has little impact on the computational time. The technique can be used to compute a lower bound on the structured singular value μ as well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatigue recognition using EMG signals and stochastic switched ARX model
Authors: Okuda Hiroyuki , Inagaki Shinkichi , Suzuki Tatsuya 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe man–machine cooperative system is attracting great attention in many fields, such as industry, welfare, and so on. The assisting system must be designed so as to accommodate the operator's skill, which might be strongly affected by fatigue. This paper presents a new fatigue recognizer based on the electromyogram (EMG) signals and the stochastic switched ARX (SS‐ARX) model which is one of the extended models of the standard hidden Markov model (HMM). Since the SS‐ARX model can represent complex dynamic relationship which involves switching and stochastic variance, it is expected to show higher performance as a fatigue recognizer than when using simple statistical characteristics of the EMG signal and/or standard HMM. The usefulness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated by applying it to a peg‐in‐hole task. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
P2Y receptors in bone
Authors: Orriss Isabel R. , Arnett Timothy R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBones are formed and remodeled by the coordinated actions of three key cell types. Osteoblasts, specialized connective tissue cells, deposit and then mineralize the collagenous bone matrix. Osteoclasts, which are derived from promonocytes, resorb mineralized matrix by excavating characteristic pits on bone surfaces. The third cell type, osteocytes, differentiates from osteoblasts that become trapped in bone matrix, forming a three‐dimensional network that is thought to detect deformations due to mechanical loading. This brief review summarizes what is known of the roles played by the G‐protein‐coupled P2Y receptors in modulating bone cell function. Current indications are that both osteoblasts and osteoclasts express P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y12–14 receptors. The UTP/ADP‐sensitive P2Y2 receptor, expression of which is highly upregulated in mature, bone‐forming osteoblasts, may play a significant role in limiting bone mineralization by inhibiting alkaline phosphatase expression. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate additionally exerts significant physicochemical (i.e., nonreceptor mediated) effects on mineralization via its hydrolysis product, pyrophosphate. The roles, if any, of P2Y receptors in osteocyte function are not well investigated, mainly because of the inaccessibility of these cells within bone. In osteoclasts, available evidence indicates that the P2Y1, P2Y6, and, possibly, P2Y13 receptors could act to promote resorptive function. P2Y receptor‐mediated signaling has numerous and complex effects on bone cells; however, many of the key findings to date indicate that a large proportion of these actions may well be negative for bone. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:805–814. doi: 10.1002/wmts.67For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Pouring out Postsocialist Fears: Practical Metaphysics of a Therapy at a Distance
Authors: Jasarevic Larisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the healing practice ofstrava, which translates as “great fear.” With a long oral history in Bosnia, it has become particularly popular since the end of socialism and the 1990s war. This postsocialist therapy, informed by gifting dispositions, is a bustling business that intervenes into disorders that people commonly relate to the new economy.Stravatreatment presupposes distance, since the therapist rarely touches the bodies at hand, and concerned intimates commonly arranged interventions in a patient's absence. Inspired by Bruno Latour's advice to expand our notion of agency in directions indicated by those we study, I depart from the earlier accounts ofstravaas a traditional and symbolic folk practice. Instead, I explore its claims to efficacy in competition with psycho-pharmaceutical treatments of anxiety and depression in contemporary Bosnia. Of particular interest is a commonplace therapeutic blunder—the accidental mixing of “fears” water and Coke, which therapists shrug off as inconsequential. This points to a model of action best explored outside the pragmatics of science studies, employing insights gained from a rereading of Mauss', Tylor's, and Frazer's classic theories of sympathetic magic. I examine what makesstravawater—carefully prepared with prayers and handled by the therapist's and patient's wishing breaths—ritually potent, while Coke remains ineffectual. I show that this therapy is the domain of wishing, which does not interrupt a sphere of new political economy, but nevertheless intervenes in the bodies that suffer from it, and effectively redraws the limits of the social.
Properties of the extremal solution for a fourth-order elliptic problem
Authors: Lai Baishun , Du Zhuoran 
Published: September 2012

Let λ* > 0 denote the largest possible value of λ such that the systemhas a solution, where $\mathbb{B}$ is the unit ball in ℝn centred at the origin, p > 1 and n is the exterior unit normal vector. We show that for λ = λ* this problem possesses a unique weak solution u*, called the extremal solution. We prove that u* is singular when n ≥ 13 for p large enough and actually solve part of the open problem which Dávila et al. left unsolved.
From Skinhead-Subculture to Radical Right Movement: The Development of a ‘National Opposition’ in East Germany
Authors: BOTSCH GIDEON 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAs the regime collapsed in 1989/90, it became clear that an extreme right movement had already developed in East Germany. Its origins and development have been variously interpreted as, first, an outcome of the conditions the GDR, second, a result of the Wende, the great change, and third, an outcome of the unification process. This article integrates all three interpretations. It shows how a heterogeneous, politically diffuse skinhead milieu arose as the first extreme right cliques began to develop in the GDR; how, at the time of the Wende, it acquired a radically nationalistic political orientation; and how it became part of a pan-German ‘national opposition’ in the reunited Germany.
Corporate Capitalism or Coca-Colonisation? Economic Interests, Cultural Concerns, Tax Policies and Coca-Cola in Denmark from 1945 to the Early 1960s
Authors: SØRENSEN NILS ARNE , PETERSEN KLAUS 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe history of Coca-Cola in Denmark in the early post-war years offers a fascinating case for studying the close links between Cold War politics, business interest and cultures of consumption. In the early 1950s, the well-organised Danish beverage industry lobbied effectively to protect their home market against the American soft-drink giant. The result was a special cola tax that made production of cola drinks unprofitable in Denmark. This tax came under growing pressure in the late 1950s and was eventually abandoned in 1959. Resistance to ‘America's advance’ continued after 1959 as the Coca-Cola Company came to face strong competition from the local Jolly Cola brand, produced by exactly the same business interests that had lobbied for the cola tax six years earlier.
How warming and steric sea level rise relate to cumulative carbon emissions
Authors: Williams Richard G. , Goodwin Philip , Ridgwell Andy , Woodworth Philip L. 
Published: September 2012

Surface warming and steric sea level rise over the global ocean nearly linearly increase with cumulative carbon emissions for an atmosphere‐ocean equilibrium, reached many centuries after emissions cease. Surface warming increases with cumulative emissions with a proportionality factor, ln 2), ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 K (1000 PgC)−1 for surface air temperature, depending on the climate sensitivity and the buffered carbon inventory IB. Steric sea level rise similarly increases with cumulative emissions and depends on the climate sensitivity of the bulk ocean, ranging from 0.4 K to 2.7 K; a factor 0.4 ± 0.2 smaller than that for surface temperature based on diagnostics of two Earth System models. The implied steric sea level rise ranges from 0.7 m to 5 m for a cumulative emission of 5000 PgC, approached perhaps 500 years or more after emissions cease.
Audiovisual Perception of Congruent and Incongruent Dutch Front Vowels
Authors: Valkenier Bea , Duyne Jurriaan Y. , Andringa Tjeerd C. , Başkent Deniz 
Published: September 2012

Purpose
Auditory perception of vowels in background noise is enhanced when combined with visually perceived speech features. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the influence of visual cues on vowel perception extends to incongruent vowels, in a manner similar to the McGurk effect observed with consonants.

Method
Identification of Dutch front vowels /i, y, e, Y/ that share all features other than height and lip-rounding was measured for congruent and incongruent audiovisual conditions. The audio channel was systematically degraded by adding noise, increasing the reliance on visual cues.

Results
The height feature was more robustly carried over through the auditory channel and the lip-rounding feature through the visual channel. Hence, congruent audiovisual presentation enhanced identification, while incongruent presentation led to perceptual fusions and thus decreased identification.

Conclusions
Visual cues influence the identification of congruent as well as incongruent audiovisual vowels. Incongruent visual information results in perceptual fusions, demonstrating that the McGurk effect can be instigated by long phonemes such as vowels. This result extends to the incongruent presentation of the visually less reliably perceived height. The findings stress the importance of audiovisual congruency in communication devices, such as cochlear implants and videoconferencing tools, where the auditory signal could be degraded.
Financial Deprivation Prompts Consumers to Seek Scarce Goods
Authors: Sharma Eesha , Alter Adam L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Consumers assess their well-being subjectively, largely by comparing the present state of their lives to the state of comparable others and to their own state earlier in time. The authors suggest that consumers similarly assess their financial well-being, and when these evaluations highlight a deficit in their financial position, they pursue strategies that mitigate the associated sense of financial deprivation. Specifically, consumers counteract the relative deficit in their financial resources by acquiring goods that are consequently unavailable to other consumers in their environment. The results from five studies suggest that the inferiority and unpleasant affect associated with financial deprivation motivates consumers to attend to, choose, and consume scarce goods rather than comparable abundant goods. These effects diminish when scarce goods are limited because other people have already obtained them and when consumers attribute their unpleasant feelings to a source unrelated to financial deprivation.
COGNITIVE BIAS MODIFICATION
Authors: Suway Jenna G. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Biased social information processing is thought to underlie the development and maintenance of anxiety and depression. Two such biases that have been frequently linked to anxiety and depression are selective attention to threatening stimuli, and negative interpretation of ambiguous situations. This chapter covers the basic methodological and conceptual background of attention and interpretive biases to threat and then explores how cognitive bias modification has been used to attenuate these biases and in turn decrease anxiety and, in some cases, depression.
ONTOGENESIS AND MICROGENESIS OF VISUAL PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Kimchi Ruth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOne approach to understanding the psychological processes involved in perceptual organization, and the one presented in this chapter, is to study the evolution of perceptual organization in two different time scales: microgenetically (the unfolding of perceptual organization during the act of perception in adult observers) and ontogenetically (the developmental course of perceptual organization). The chapter begins with a brief review of major findings that have emerged from microgenetic research and developmental research on perceptual organization. Next, two series of studies are described that seek to reveal the processes involved in perceptual grouping and individuation in hierarchical organization and grouping of shape by perceptual closure by exploring their microgenesis and ontogenetic development. The findings of these studies are consistent with a view of perceptual organization as a multiplicity of processes that vary in time course, attentional demands, and developmental trajectory. In closing, implications for linking microgenesis and ontogenesis are discussed.
INVESTIGATING SOCIAL ATTENTION
Authors: Birmingham Elina , Ristic Jelena , Kingstone Alan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGaze following, a key component of social attention, has received substantial research interest over the past few decades. There has been an increasing trend to study gaze following using controlled computer-based laboratory tasks. While these methods offer more control over the experimental setting, they remove much of what is unique about real-world social situations. This chapter argues that the use of highly simplified, structured social attention experiments may be reducing the natural variance in behavior that is expected in real-world social settings, thus limiting what social attention researchers can discover. Examples are drawn from research with healthy individuals and individuals with known social attention difficulties (i.e., autism spectrum disorders [ASD]). These examples illustrate that the most interesting and robust social attention findings may come from an approach that seeks to incorporate the complexity and ambiguity of real-world social situations. This approach, Cognitive Ethology, is discussed.
The Burden of Mental Disorders
Authors: Eaton William W. , Alexandre Pierre , Joseph Bienvenu O. , Clarke Diana , Martins Silvia S. , Nestadt Gerald , Zablotsky Benjamin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis chapter briefly describes the features of seventeen major mental disorders and summarizes current data on the burden of disease associated with each. Key diagnostic features of six selected disorders are based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This review expands upon the range of mental disorders considered in the Global Burden of Disease study, updates the literature, and provides information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden. To the extent possible, the chapter builds on existing reviews that most often focused on a single disorder. The examination of prevalence for each disorder presents essential summary data, including the number of studies conducted, the median prevalence or relative risk, and the interquartile range.