bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of PET-CT in radiotherapy planning of solid tumours
Authors: Jelercic Stasa , Rajer Mirjana 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background. PET-CT is becoming more and more important in various aspects of oncology. Until recently it was used mainly as part of diagnostic procedures and for evaluation of treatment results. With development of personalized radiotherapy, volumetric and radiobiological characteristics of individual tumour have become integrated in the multistep radiotherapy (RT) planning process. Standard anatomical imaging used to select and delineate RT target volumes can be enriched by the information on tumour biology gained by PET-CT. In this review we explore the current and possible future role of PET-CT in radiotherapy treatment planning. After general explanation, we assess its role in radiotherapy of those solid tumours for which PET-CT is being used most.
Conclusions. In the nearby future PET-CT will be an integral part of the most radiotherapy treatment planning procedures in an every-day clinical practice. Apart from a clear role in radiation planning of lung cancer, with forthcoming clinical trials, we will get more evidence of the optimal use of PET-CT in radiotherapy planning of other solid tumours
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) as a bridge to aortic valve replacement in cancer patients who require urgent non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Kogoj Polonca , Devjak Rok , Bunc Matjaz 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is a percutaneous treatment option for severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis. Due to early restenosis and failure to improve long term survival, BAV is considered a palliative measure in patients who are not suitable for open heart surgery due to increased perioperative risk. BAV can be used also as a bridge to surgical or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in haemodinamically unstable patients or in patients who require urgent major non-cardiac surgery.
Patients and methods. We reported on 6 oncologic patients with severe aortic stenosis that required a major abdominal and gynaecological surgery. In 5 cases we performed BAV procedure alone; in one patient with concomitant coronary artery disease we combined BAV and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Results. With angioplasty and BAV we achieved a good coronary artery flow and an increase in aortic valve area without any periprocedural complications. After the successful procedure, we observed a hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement. As a consequence the operative risk for non-cardiac surgery decreased and the surgical treatment of cancer was done without complications in all the 6 cases. Conclusions. BAV can be utilized as a part of a complex therapy in severe aortic stenosis aimed to improve the quality of life, decrease the surgical risk for major non-cardiac surgery or as a bridge to surgical or transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Inter-application displacement of brachytherapy dose received by the bladder and rectum of the patients with inoperable cervical cancer
Authors: Marosevic Goran , Ljuca Dzenita , Osmic Hasan , Fazlic Semir , Arsovski Oliver , Mileusnic Dusan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to examine on the CT basis the inter-application displacement of the positions D0.1cc, D1cc and D2cc of the brachytherapy dose applied to the bladder and rectum of the patients with inoperable cervical cancer.
Patients and methods. This prospective study included 30 patients with cervical cancer who were treated by concomitant chemo-radiotherapy. HDR intracavitary brachytherapy was made by the applicators type Fletcher tandem and ovoids. For each brachytherapy application the position D0.1cc was determined of the bladder and rectum that receive a brachytherapty dose. Then, based on the X, Y, and Z axis displacement, inter-application mean X, Y, and Z axis displacements were calculated as well as their displacement vectors (R). It has been analyzed whether there is statistically significant difference in inter-application displacement of the position of the brachytherapy dose D0.1cc, D1cc and D2cc of the bladder and rectum. The ANOVA test and post-hoc analysis by Tukey method were used for testing statistical importance of differences among the groups analyzed. The difference among the groups analyzed was considered significant if p < 0.05. Results. There are significant inter-application displacements of the position of the brachytherapy dose D0,1cc, D1cc and D2cc of the bladder and rectum. Conclusions. When we calculate the cumulative brachytherapy dose by summing up D0,1cc, D1cc and D2cc of the organs at risk for all the applications, we must bear in mind their inter-application displacement, and the fact that it is less likely that the worst scenario would indeed happen
Cyclical Surfaces Created by Helix on General Surface of Revolution
Authors: Olejníková Tatiana 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper describes the method for modelling of cyclical surfaces created by the helix on the general surface of revolution Φ. The axis of the cyclical surface Φ1 is the helix s created by screwing the point located on the surface Φ about the axis of this surface. The circle moves together with Frenet-Serret moving trihedron along the helix s and creates the cyclical surface Φ1. The paper describes also the modelling of a rope of n cyclical surfaces created by moving circles about tangent, principal normal or binormal of the helix s.
Geometrical Modeling of Steel Ropes
Authors: Stanová Eva 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The paper deals with the mathematical geometric modeling of the ropes of circular cross- section. Such rope can be formed from strands of different shapes. There is considered steel rope made up of six strands, whose crosssection has oval, triangular or circular profil in this paper. The wires of these types of the strands are presented by parametric equations of the wire axis. The equations are implemented in the Pro/Engineer Wildfire V5 software for creating the geometrical model of the strand.
Towards Regularisation: Morphological Spelling in Several Editions of the Kalender of Shepherdes
Authors: Rutkowska Hanna 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This corpus-based study focuses on the graphemic realisations of several derivational suffixes in thirteen editions of the Kalender of Shepherdes, an early modern almanac published between 1506 and 1656. Morphological spelling, that is, the consistent representation of particular morphemes, is considered to be one of the most important criteria in research on the orthographic standardisation in English. The analysis of the graphomorphemic information available in the documents under consideration indicates that particular printing houses applied different combinations of spelling rules with regard to the variants of suffixes and were characterised by varying levels of consistency in the use of these graphemic representations. The new spelling variants of the suffixes were adopted partly as the printers’ own regularisation policy, and partly under the influence of normative writings.
Miocene Toothed Whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Dniester Valley: The First Record of Sperm Whales (Physeteroidea) from The Eastern Europe
Authors: Gol’din P. E. , Marareskul V. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Isolated odontocete teeth were found in two Miocene sites in the Dniester River valley. Cetaceans from the both sites possibly represent unknown taxa. One of them is a stem physeteroid, the most similar to Scaldicetus caretti and Early Miocene taxa; another one can be a stem physeteroid or a large stem delphinoid.
Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism of The European Roe Deer, Capreolus Capreolus (Artiodactyla, Cervidae), from The South-West of Ukraine
Authors: Zvychaynaya E. Yu. , Volokh A. M. , Kholodova M. V. , Danilkin A. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Analysis of mtDNA control region (934 b. p.) and cytochrome b gene (1140 b. p.) polymorphism of the 33 roe deer samples from the south-west of Ukraine was carried out. 30 different haplotypes of mtDNA have been described and all of them are related to Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758. Two well differentiated haplogroups were discovered on the examined territory. The isolated subgroup of related haplotypes was revealed in the Crimea that is likely a result of the long-term geographical isolation of the Crimean roe deer populations.
The Chorionic Sculpture in Eggs of Some Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Dolinskaya I. V. , Ponomarenko M. G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The eggs of 9 species Noctuidae belonging in 4 subfamilies (Plusiinae, Eustrotinae, Acontiinae and Pantheinae) are examined, described, and illustrated with SEM. The diagnostic characters of the eggs of examined species are given.
Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs Under the Effect of Orientobilharzia Turkestanica Larvae
Authors: Shakarbaev U. A. , Mingbaev A. S. , Akramova F. D. , Shakarboev E. B. , Azimov D. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The paper presents results of the studies on alterations in the structure and functions of mollusc organs under the effect of the trematode Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) larvae. Destructive changes were observed along with a vast necrosis of the hepatopancreatic gland. Parasitism of O. turkestanica parthenitae and cercariae in L. auricularia causes deep histopathological changes in the tissues. Protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders result in the weakening of molluscs and loss of their lability, which is essential for adaptation to environmental changes. The latter is confirmed by a high mortality of infected individuals.
A “Golden Age” of CBC Television News for the Military, 1952–1956
Authors: Schwartz Mallory 
Published: November 2013

Abstract: The military received significant coverage on the earliest television news broadcasts in Canada. There were reports and features about the wars Canadians fought in Korea and were preparing to fight against the Soviets in the early years of the Cold War. A close examination of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's television (cbc-tv) news coverage between 1952 and 1956 of topics ranging from the return of troops from Korea to combat training in Petawawa, Ontario, offers insight, not only into early television representations of military endeavours, but also into a formative period in cbc-tv's development. The article argues that, during the first years of transmission, cbc-tv news programs were largely uncritical and often supportive of the military. As a result, the national broadcaster reinforced the consensus on defence policy and military commitments. This did not reflect deficiencies in the cbc National News Service's journalistic ethics, but rather production contexts unique to the early 1950s: technological constraints; limited resources; strict military regulations; the cbc's established practices, policies, and program formats; the lack of debate about defence during the early Cold War; and the influence of American broadcasters, military newsfilm services, and foreign newsreel agencies.
Assessing National Institutes of Health funding and scholarly impact in neurological surgery
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Husain Qasim , Folbe Adam J. , Couldwell William T. , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2013

Object
Research productivity is increasingly important in academic neurological surgery and can be measured through a variety of methods, such as publications, objective bibliometrics, and securing external grant support. The authors' objectives were to determine whether there is an association between scholarly impact, as measured by the h index, and successful National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding awarded to faculty in neurological surgery departments.

Methods
Primary investigators receiving National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards from Fiscal Years 2011–2013 were organized by academic rank, terminal degree, and their h index, as calculated from the Scopus database. These data were also obtained for nonfunded faculty from 15 randomly selected departments for comparison, and the average h index for each group was calculated.

Results
National Institutes of Health–funded faculty had higher average h indices than their nonfunded colleagues (23.6 vs 10.8, p < 0.0001), a finding that persisted upon controlling for academic rank. The mean h index increased with successive academic rank in both cohorts; greater funding totals were seen with successive academic position (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). National Institutes of Health–funded MDs had higher h indices than their PhD colleagues (p = 0.04), although funding levels did not differ significantly. There was a trend of increasing h index with higher NIH-funding ranges (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The authors' findings demonstrate a strong relationship between scholarly impact and securing NIH funding among faculty in academic neurosurgical departments. Faculty receiving a greater amount of funding tended to have a higher h index. Mean scholarly impact, as measured by the h index, increased with successive academic rank among both NIH-funded and nonfunded faculty, suggesting that this bibliometric may have utility as an adjunct in the academic appointment and promotion process in academic neurological surgery.
CD2-Associated Protein Regulates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Migration, but Is Dispensable for Their Development and Cytokine Production
Authors: Srivatsan Subhashini , Swiecki Melissa , Otero Karel , Cella Marina , Shaw Andrey S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a dendritic cell subset that secrete type I IFNs in response to microbial stimuli. The scaffold protein, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), is a marker of human pDCs as it is highly expressed in this cell type. Recently, in human pDCs, decreased CD2AP expression appeared to enhance the production of type I IFNs via an inhibitory receptor-induced signaling cascade. In this study, we sought to determine the role of CD2AP in murine pDCs using CD2AP knockout (KO) mice. CD2AP was dispensable for the development of pDCs and for the upregulation of activation markers following stimulation. Loss of CD2AP expression did not affect the production of type I IFNs stimulated by TLR ligation, and only slightly impaired type I IFN production when inhibitory pathways were engaged in vitro. This was also confirmed by showing that CD2AP deficiency did not influence type I IFN production by pDCs in vivo. Because CD2AP plays a role in regulating actin dynamics, we examined the actin cytoskeleton in pDCs and found that activated CD2AP KO pDCs had significantly higher levels of actin polymerization than wild-type pDCs. Using two different inflammation models, we found that CD2AP KO pDCs have a defect in lymph node migration, correlating with the defects in actin dynamics. Our work excludes a role for CD2AP in the regulation of type I IFNs in pDCs, and suggests that the major function of CD2AP is on the actin cytoskeleton, affecting migration to local lymph nodes under conditions of inflammation.
Malignant Transformation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes Mediated by Oncogenic Kinase NPM/ALK Recapitulates IL-2–Induced Cell Signaling and Gene Expression Reprogramming
Authors: Marzec Michal , Halasa Krzysztof , Liu Xiaobin , Wang Hong Y. , Cheng Mangeng , Baldwin Donald , Tobias John W. , Schuster Stephen J. , Woetmann Anders , Zhang Qian , Turner Suzanne D. , Ødum Niels , Wasik Mariusz A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), physiologically expressed only by nervous system cells, displays a remarkable capacity to transform CD4+ T lymphocytes and other types of nonneural cells. In this study, we report that activity of nucleophosmin (NPM)/ALK chimeric protein, the dominant form of ALK expressed in T cell lymphomas (TCLs), closely resembles cell activation induced by IL-2, the key cytokine supporting growth and survival of normal CD4+ T lymphocytes. Direct comparison of gene expression by ALK+ TCL cells treated with an ALK inhibitor and IL-2–dependent ALK− TCL cells stimulated with the cytokine revealed a very similar, albeit inverse, gene-regulation pattern. Depending on the analysis method, up to 67% of the affected genes were modulated in common by NPM/ALK and IL-2. Based on the gene expression patterns, Jak/STAT- and IL-2–signaling pathways topped the list of pathways identified as affected by both IL-2 and NPM/ALK. The expression dependence on NPM/ALK and IL-2 of the five selected genes—CD25 (IL-2Rα), Egr-1, Fosl-1, SOCS3, and Irf-4—was confirmed at the protein level. In both ALK+ TCL and IL-2–stimulated ALK− TCL cells, CD25, SOCS3, and Irf-4 genes were activated predominantly by the STAT5 and STAT3 transcription factors, whereas transcription of Egr-1 and Fosl-1 was induced by the MEK-ERK pathway. Finally, we found that Egr-1, a protein not associated previously with either IL-2 or ALK, contributes to the cell proliferation. These findings indicate that NPM/ALK transforms the target CD4+ T lymphocytes, at least in part, by using the pre-existing, IL-2–dependent signaling pathways.
A Role for IRF8 in B Cell Anergy
Authors: Pathak Simanta , Ma Shibin , Shukla Vipul , Lu Runqing 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
B cell central tolerance is a process through which self-reactive B cells are removed from the B cell repertoire. Self-reactive B cells are generally removed by receptor editing in the bone marrow and by anergy induction in the periphery. IRF8 is a critical transcriptional regulator of immune system development and function. A recent study showed that marginal zone B cell and B1 B cell populations are dramatically increased in IRF8-deficient mice, indicating that there are B cell–developmental defects in the absence of IRF8. In this article, we report that mice deficient for IRF8 produced anti-dsDNA Abs. Using a hen egg lysozyme double-transgenic model, we further demonstrate that B cell anergy was breached in IRF8-deficient mice. Although anergic B cells in the IRF8-proficient background were blocked at the transitional stage of development, anergic B cells in the IRF8-deficient background were able to mature further, which allowed them to regain responses to Ag stimulation. Interestingly, our results show that IRF8-deficient B cells were more sensitive to Ag stimulation and were resistant to Ag-induced cell death. Moreover, our results show that IRF8 was expressed at a high level in the anergic B cells, and an elevated level of IRF8 promoted apoptosis in the transitional B cells. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of IRF8 in B cell anergy induction.
The Exonuclease Trex1 Restrains Macrophage Proinflammatory Activation
Authors: Pereira-Lopes Selma , Celhar Teja , Sans-Fons Gloria , Serra Maria , Fairhurst Anna-Marie , Lloberas Jorge , Celada Antonio 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is the most abundant exonuclease in mammalian cells. Mutations in Trex1 gene are being linked to the development of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, an inflammatory disease of the brain, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In clinical cases and in a Trex1-deficient murine model, chronic production of type I IFN plays a pathogenic role. In this study, we demonstrate that Trex1−/− mice present inflammatory signatures in many different organs, including the brain. Trex1 is highly induced in macrophages in response to proinflammatory stimuli, including TLR7 and TLR9 ligands. Our findings show that, in the absence of Trex1, macrophages displayed an exacerbate proinflammatory response. More specifically, following proinflammatory stimulation, Trex1−/− macrophages exhibited an increased TNF-α and IFN-α production, higher levels of CD86, and increased Ag presentation to CD4+ T cells, as well as an impaired apoptotic T cell clearance. These results evidence an unrevealed function of the Trex1 as a negative regulator of macrophage inflammatory activation and demonstrate that macrophages play a major role in diseases associated with Trex1 mutations, which contributes to the understanding of inflammatory signature in these diseases.
Antigen-Specific Induced T Regulatory Cells Impair Dendritic Cell Function via an IL-10/MARCH1–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Chattopadhyay Gouri , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critically important for the maintenance of immunological tolerance, immune homeostasis, and prevention of autoimmunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the major targets of Treg-mediated suppression. Some studies have suggested that Treg-mediated suppression of DC function is mediated by the interaction of CTLA-4 on Tregs with CD80/CD86 on the DCs resulting in downregulation of CD80/CD86 expression and a decrease in costimulation. We have re-examined the effects of Tregs on mouse DC function in a model in which Ag-specific, induced Tregs (iTregs) are cocultured with DCs in the absence of T effector cells. iTreg-treated DCs are markedly defective in their capacity to activate naive T cells. iTregs from CTLA-4–deficient mice failed to induce downregulation of CD80/CD86, but DCs treated with CTLA-4–deficient iTregs still exhibited impaired capacity to activate naive T cells. The iTreg-induced defect in DC function could be completely reversed by anti–IL-10, and IL-10–deficient iTregs failed to downregulate DC function. iTreg-treated DCs expressed high levels of MARCH1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, recently found to degrade CD86 and MHC class II on the DCs and expressed lower levels of CD83, a molecule involved in neutralizing the function of MARCH1. Both the enhanced expression of MARCH1 and the decreased expression of CD83 were mediated by IL-10 produced by the iTregs. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that a major suppressive mechanism of DC function by iTregs is secondary to the effects of IL-10 on MARCH1 and CD83 expression.
Temporal Requirements for B Cells in the Establishment of CD4 T Cell Memory
Authors: Mollo Sarah B. , Zajac Allan J. , Harrington Laurie E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
CD4 T cell memory generation is shaped by a number of factors, including the strength and duration of TCR signaling, as well as the priming environment, all of which can be modified by B cells. Studies using B cell–deficient mice indicate B cells play a critical role in generating effector and memory CD4 T cells; however, when and how B cells are acting to promote these responses has not yet been ascertained. In this study, we use anti-CD20 Ab depletion of B cells at different times following Listeria monocytogenes infection to show that B cells are necessary for the induction of optimal CD4 T cell memory, but not for the transition and maintenance of this population. Importantly, the prerequisite of B cells early postinfection is partially dependent on their expression of MHC class II. B cells are not only required during the priming phase, but also necessary for the initiation of robust secondary responses by memory CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the requirement during the recall response is independent of B cell Ag presentation. Overall, these studies demonstrate the temporally and functionally distinct roles for B cells in regulating CD4 T cell responses.