bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocomplete painting repetitions
Authors: Xing Jun , Chen Hsiang-Ting , Wei Li-Yi 
Published: November 2014

Painting is a major form of content creation, offering unlimited control and freedom of expression. However, it can involve tedious manual repetitions, such as stippling large regions or hatching complex contours. Thus, a central goal in digital painting research is to automate tedious repetitions while allowing user control. Existing methods impose a sequential order, in which a small exemplar is prepared and then cloned through additional gestures. Such sequential mode may break the continuous, spontaneous flow of painting. Moreover, it is more suitable for homogeneous areas than nuanced variations common in real paintings.
We present an interactive digital painting system that auto-completes tedious repetitions while preserving nuanced variations and maintaining natural flows. Specifically, users paint as usual, while our system records and analyzes their workflows. When potential repetition is detected, our system predicts what the user might want to draw and offers auto-completes that adjust to the existing shape-color context. Our method eliminates the need for sequential creation-cloning and better adapts to the local painting contexts. Furthermore, users can choose to accept, ignore, or modify those predictions and thus maintain full control. Our method can be considered as the painting analogy of auto-completes in common typing and IDE systems. We demonstrate the quality and usability of our system through painting results and a pilot user study.
A framework for the experimental comparison of solar and skydome illumination
Authors: Kider Joseph T. , Knowlton Daniel , Newlin Jeremy , Li Yining Karl , Greenberg Donald P. 
Published: November 2014

The illumination and appearance of the solar/skydome is critical for many applications in computer graphics, computer vision, and daylighting studies. Unfortunately, physically accurate measurements of this rapidly changing illumination source are difficult to achieve, but necessary for the development of accurate physically-based sky illumination models and comparison studies of existing simulation models.
To obtain baseline data of this time-dependent anisotropic light source, we design a novel acquisition setup to simultaneously measure the comprehensive illumination properties. Our hardware design simultaneously acquires its spectral, spatial, and temporal information of the skydome. To achieve this goal, we use a custom built spectral radiance measurement scanner to measure the directional spectral radiance, a pyranometer to measure the irradiance of the entire hemisphere, and a camera to capture high-dynamic range imagery of the sky. The combination of these computer-controlled measurement devices provides a fast way to acquire accurate physical measurements of the solar/skydome. We use the results of our measurements to evaluate many of the strengths and weaknesses of several sun-sky simulation models. We also provide a measurement dataset of sky illumination data for various clear sky conditions and an interactive visualization tool for model comparison analysis available at http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/resources/clearsky/.
Pap Test Use and Cervical Cancer Incidence in First Nations Women Living in Manitoba
Authors: Decker Kathleen M. , Demers Alain A. , Kliewer Erich V. , Biswanger Natalie , Musto Grace , Elias Brenda , Griffith Jane , Turner Donna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This study examined Papanicolaou (Pap) test utilization, Pap test results, and cervical cancer incidence among First Nations (FN) women living in Manitoba, Canada taking into account age group, time period, and area of residence. Six population-based data sources were linked at an individual level. Negative binomial regression was used to compare Pap test utilization and results between FN and all other Manitoba (AOM) women. Poisson regression was used to compare cervical cancer incidence. Among women younger than 25 years, FN were more likely than AOM women to have had a Pap test [rate ratio (RR) = 1.37, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.22–1.53, 18–19 year olds; RR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.05–1.31, 20–24 year olds]. There was no difference in Pap test use for women 25 to 29 or 30 to 39 years. FN 40 years and older were less likely to have a Pap test than AOM women (RR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.75–0.93, 40–49 years old; RR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.63–0.79, 50–59 years old; RR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.52–0.66, 60–69 years old). FN were more likely than AOM women to have a high (RR = 1.88, 95% CI, 1.65–2.13) or low-grade Pap test result (RR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.48–1.73). The invasive cervical cancer incidence rate was double for FN women 25 to 39 years of age (21.9 per 100,000, FN; 10.2 per 100,000, AOM, P = 0.006) and 40 to 69 years of age (24.3 per 100,000, FN; 12.3 per 100,000, AOM, P = 0.007). In conclusion, cervical cancer screening among FN women over 40 years of age must be increased to address the higher cervical cancer incidence. Cancer Prev Res; 8(1); 49–55. ©2014 AACR.
Hanseatic and Russian Data
Authors: Lukin Pavel V. 
Published: November 2014

The article is a study of the two collective political bodies of medieval Novgorod – the veche (popular assembly) and the so called “Council of Lords.” The basis of research is mostly the Hanseatic documents in Middle Low German and Latin which have been underestimated until now. However, they are often more trustworthy than narrative sources with their literary clichés and ideological biases.
Both Russian and Hanseatic sources indicate that the veche was a real political institution which was open to all townsmen enjoying full rights regardless of social status. On the other hand, the sources give no grounds to suggest the rural population’s involvement in the Novgorodian veche. The author also argues that a governmental council did really exist in medieval Novgorod. There is some evidence of it in Hanseatic sources of the 14–15th centuries. However, no traces of its existence before the 14th century can be discovered. The council included the highest magistrates of the Novgorodian republic and was referred to in Hanseatic documents as de heren (gospodá).
Finally the author comes to the conclusion that the Novgorodian medieval polity should be studied in the broader context of European medieval city republics.
A review of the Polystira clade—the Neotropic’s largest marine gastropod radiation (Neogastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae sensu stricto)
Authors: TODD JONATHAN A. , RAWLINGS TIMOTHY A. 
Published: November 2014

The Polystira clade (here comprising Polystira and Pleuroliria) is a poorly known but hyper-diverse clade within the neogastropod family Turridae (sensu stricto). It has extensively radiated within the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, to which it is endemic. In this paper we present a synthetic overview of existing information on this radiation together with new information on estimated species diversity, systematic relationships, a species-level molecular phylogenetic analysis and preliminary macroecological and diversification analyses, to serve as a platform for further study. We currently estimate that about 300 species (122 extant) are known from its 36 million year history but this number will undoubtedly increase as we extend our studies. We discuss the relationships of Polystira to other Neotropical Turridae (s.s.) and examine the taxonomy and systematics of the geologically oldest described members of the clade. To aid taxonomic description of shells we introduce a new notation for homologous major spiral cords. Focusing on key publications, we discuss in detail the changing historical understanding of the taxonomy of the clade and the relationships of its component genus-level taxa: Polystira Woodring, 1928, Pleuroliria de Gregorio, 1890, Josephina Gardner, 1945 and Oxytropa Glibert, 1955. We designate a neotype for Pleurotoma (Pleuroliria) supramirifica de Gregorio, 1890, to stabilize our understanding of this, the type species of Pleuroliria. Application of the name Oxytropa is restricted to the type species. The genus Polystira is conchologically re-described and for the first time we synthesize available information on the anatomy, feeding and toxinology, reproduction and life history, larval modes and life habits, and geographic and bathymetric ranges of its species. We give an updated list of the 19 formally described living species and present the pitfalls of the currently poor species-level taxonomy of Polystira using case examples. We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 22 extant species using three mitochondrial gene fragments (COI, 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA). This reveals undescribed species and indicates that Recent genetic clades (‘biospecies’) are consistent with finely divided conchological ‘morphospecies’. Historically, there has been a slow realisation of the high species diversity of the Polystira clade and we consider that this may be due to inadequate precision of morphological description of shells and a lack of clear homology statements. We suggest how these both might be improved. Finally, using a data compilation based on museum specimens we examine species range-size distributions and species abundance distributions for 85 of the 112 extant western Atlantic species that we have delimited to date. Our results indicate that the majority of species are rare and have short geographic ranges; only a few are wide-ranging and abundant. This has important implications for surveys of biodiversity.
New species of Potamocoris Hungerford (Heteroptera, Potamocoridae) from Costa Rica and a key to the species
Authors: HERRERA FEDERICO , SPRINGER MONIKA 
Published: November 2014

A new potamocorid species, Potamocoris sitesi NEW SPECIES, with its two wing morphs (coleopteroid and macropterous) are described from Costa Rica. Descriptions are supported with photographs and illustrations. Parameres become progressively narrower, ending in a sharp needle-like point. This is the third species of Potamocoris known from Central America. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
Revisiting the Energetics of the Ocean in Boussinesq Approximation
Authors: Eden Carsten 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFollowing a suggestion by Tailleux, a consistent formulation of internal energy, the first law of thermodynamics, and the thermodynamic potentials for an ocean in Boussinesq approximation with a nonlinear equation of state is given. A modification of the pressure work in the first law is the only necessary modification from which all thermodynamic potentials and thermodynamic relations follow in a consistent way. This treatment of thermodynamics allows for a closed and explicit formulation of conservation equations for dynamic and potential reservoirs of both enthalpy and internal energy, which differentiate approximately reversible from irreversible effects on internal energy, and allows for a formulation of a closed energy cycle on which energetically consistent ocean models can be based on.
Results of Operative Correction of Grade IIB Tibialis Posterior Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Silva M. G. Amila N. , Tan Si Heng Sharon , Chong Hwei Chi , Su Hsien Ching David , Singh Inderjeet Rikhraj 
Published: November 2014

Background: The prevalence of tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is estimated to be as high as 3% to 4% in Western populations, and it is one of the most commonly misdiagnosed conditions of the foot and ankle. Methods: Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed in grade IIB PTTD treated with a medializing calcaneal osteotomy, lateral column lengthening, flexor digitorum longus transfer, and tendo-Achilles lengthening. The clinical and radiological findings recorded were the SF-36 score on physical function and mental health, midfoot and hindfoot American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical scores, the midfoot and visual analog pain scores, as well as the radiological measurements of the hindfoot calcaneal pitch, talo-first metatarsal angle, and medial cuneiform height. The time points of assessment were preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 24 months postoperatively by an examiner different from the operating surgeon. Results: The SF-36 score on physical function (mean difference of 8.7 and 8.2, respectively), AOFAS midfoot score (mean difference of 29.6 and 15.3, respectively), AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score (mean difference of 23.2 and 14.3, respectively), midfoot visual analog pain score (mean difference of 4.0 and 1.2), and the ankle and hindfoot visual analog score (mean difference of 3.6 and 1.6) all had significant reduction from the preoperative to the 24-month postoperative time point ( P < .001). Radiologically, there was also correction of the deformity associated with PTTD. The hindfoot calcaneal pitch was corrected from 8.4 degrees to 18.7 degrees. The talo-first metatarsal angle was corrected from 14.0 degrees to 1.3 degrees, and the medial cuneiform height was corrected from 10.3 mm to 20.4 mm at 24 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Grade IIB PTTD treated with a medializing calcaneal osteotomy, lateral column lengthening, flexor digitorum longus transfer, and tendo-Achilles lengthening demonstrated statistical significant improvement in hindfoot and midfoot AOFAS scores, SF-36 physical function scores, as well as visual analog scores. The complications were minimal. We advocate the combination of these procedures as being successful for the treatment of grade IIB PTTD. Longer term follow-up is needed to determine if these improvements plateau, improve, or deteriorate. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Strontium ranelate effect on bone mineral density is modified by previous bisphosphonate treatment
Authors: Brun Lucas R , Galich Ana M , Vega Eduardo , Salerni Helena , Maffei Laura , Premrou Valeria , Costanzo Pablo R , Sarli Marcelo A , Rey Paula , Larroudé María S , Moggia María S , Brance María L , Sánchez Ariel ,   Grupo Argentino de Estudio del Ranelato de Estroncio (GAERE)
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strontium ranelate (SrR) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers after 1 year of treatment. Additionally, the effect of SrR in bisphosphonate-naïve patients (BP-naïve) compared to patients previously treated with bisphosphonates (BP-prior) was analyzed. This retrospective study included 482 postmenopausal women treated with SrR (2 g/day) for 1 year in ten Argentine centers; 41 patients were excluded due to insufficient data, while 441 were included. Participants were divided according to previous bisphosphonate treatment in two groups: BP-naïve (n = 87) and BP-prior (n = 350). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. After 1 year of treatment with SrR the bone formation markers total alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were increased (p < 0.0001), while the bone resorption marker s-CTX was decreased (p = 0.0579). Also increases in BMD at the lumbar spine (LS, 3.73%), femoral neck (FN, 2.00%) and total hip (TH, 1.54%) [p < 0.0001] were observed. These increments were significant (p < 0.0001) both among BP-naïve and BP-prior patients. Interestingly, the change in BMD after 1 year of SrR treatment was higher in BP-naïve patients: LS: BP-naïve = 4.58 ± 0.62%; BP-prior = 3.45 ± 0.28% (p = 0.078). FN: BP-naïve = 2.79 ± 0.56%; BP-prior = 2.13 ± 0.29% (p = 0.161). TH: BP-naïve = 3.01 ± 0.55%; BP-prior = 1.22 ± 0.27% (p = 0.0006). SrR treatment increased BMD and bone formation markers and decreased a bone resorption marker in the whole group, with better response in BP-naïve patients.
Impedance cardiography (electrical velocimetry) and transthoracic echocardiography for non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in pediatric intensive care patients: a prospective single-center observational study
Authors: Blohm Martin Ernst , Obrecht Denise , Hartwich Jana , Mueller Goetz Christoph , Kersten Jan Felix , Weil Jochen , Singer Dominique 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Electrical velocimetry (EV) is a type of impedance cardiography, and is a non-invasive and continuously applicable method of cardiac output monitoring. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is non-invasive but discontinuous.

Methods
We compared EV with TTE in pediatric intensive care patients in a prospective single-center observational study. Simultaneous, coupled, left ventricular stroke volume measurements were performed by EV using an Aesculon® monitor and TTE (either via trans-aortic valve flow velocity time integral [EVVTI], or via M-mode [EVMM]). H0: bias was less than 10% and the mean percentage error (MPE) was less than 30% in Bland–Altman analysis between EV and TTE. If appropriate, data were logarithmically transformed prior to Bland–Altman analysis.

Results
A total of 72 patients (age: 2 days to 17 years; weight: 0.8 to 86 kg) were analyzed. Patients were divided into subgroups: organ transplantation (OTX, n =28), sepsis or organ failure (SEPSIS, n =16), neurological patients (NEURO, n =9), and preterm infants (PREM, n =26); Bias/MPE for EVVTI was 7.81%/26.16%. In the EVVTI subgroup analysis for OTX, NEURO, and SEPSIS, bias and MPE were within the limits of H0, whereas the PREM subgroup had a bias/MPE of 39.00%/46.27%. Bias/MPE for EVMM was 8.07%/37.26% where the OTX and NEURO subgroups were within the range of H0, but the PREM and SEPSIS subgroups were outside the range. Mechanical ventilation, non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, body weight, and secondary abdominal closure were factors that significantly affected comparison of the methods.

Conclusions
This study shows that EV is comparable with aortic flow-based TTE for pediatric patients.
Genetic variation in the tissue factor gene is associated with clinical outcome in severe sepsis patients
Authors: Shi Dongwei , Song Zhenju , Yin Jun , Xue Mingming , Yao Chenling , Sun Zhan , Shao Mian , Deng Zhi , Zhang Yaping , Tao Zhengang , Sun Si , Zhang Jin , Xing Lingyu , Dong Zhimin , Wang Yuxin , Tong Chaoyang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Activation of inflammation and coagulation was closely related and mutually interdependent in sepsis. Tissue factor (TF) and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was the main regulators of the initiation of coagulation process. Altered plasma levels of TF and TFPI have been related to worse outcome in sepsis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TF and TFPI genes were associated with risk and outcome for patients with severe sepsis.

Methods
Seventeen SNPs in TF and TFPI were genotyped in samples of sepsis (n =577) and severe sepsis patients (n =476), and tested for association in this case–control collection. We then investigated correlation between the associated SNPs and the mRNA expression, and protein level of the corresponding gene. The mRNA levels of TF were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the soluble plasma levels of TF were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results
Association analysis revealed that three TF SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium, rs1361600, rs3917615 and rs958587, were significantly associated with outcome of severe sepsis. G allele frequency of rs1361600 in survivor patients was significantly higher than that in nonsurvivor severe sepsis patients (P =4.91 × 10-5, odds ratio (OR) =0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 0.69). The association remained significant after adjustment for covariates in multiple logistic regression analysis and for multiple comparisons. Lipopolysaccharide-induced TF-mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects carrying rs1361600 AG and GG genotypes, were significantly lower than those subjects carrying AA genotype (P =0.0012). Moreover, severe sepsis patients of GG and GA genotypes showed lower serum levels of TF than patients with AA genotype (Padj =0.02). The plasma levels of TF were also associated with outcome of severe sepsis patients (Padj =0.01). However, genotype and allele analyses did not show any significant difference between sepsis and severe sepsis patients.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that common genetic variation in TF was significantly associated with outcome of severe sepsis in Chinese Han population.
Increased plasma levels of endozepines, endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors, during systemic inflammation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Clavier Thomas , Tonon Marie-Christine , Foutel Anne , Besnier Emmanuel , Lefevre-Scelles Antoine , Morin Fabrice , Gandolfo Pierrick , Tuech Jean-Jacques , Quillard Muriel , Veber Benoit , Dureuil Bertrand , Castel Hélène , Compère Vincent 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Recent work has shown that benzodiazepines interact with the immune system and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. By using in vitro models, researchers in several studies have shown that the peptidergic endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors, named endozepines, are involved in the immune response. All endozepines identified so far derive from diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), which generates several biologically active fragments. The aim of the present study was to measure plasma levels of DBI-like immunoreactivity (DBI-LI) in a rat model of sepsis and in patients with systemic inflammation from septic or non-septic origin.

Methods
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery was performed in rats. Blood samples were taken from animals, patients hospitalized for digestive surgery with inflammatory diseases, and healthy volunteers. Measurements of plasma DBI-related peptides were carried out by radioimmunoassay in animal and human samples.

Results
In the rats, CLP provoked an increase of plasma DBI-LI (+37%) 6 hours postsurgery. In humans, DBI-LI levels were significantly higher in the systemic inflammation group than in the healthy volunteer group (48.6 (32.7 to 77.7) pg/ml versus 11.1 (5.9 to 35.3) pg/ml, P < 0.001). We found a positive correlation between endozepine levels and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (rs = 0.33 (0.026 to 0.58), P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α levels (rs = 0.43 (0.14 to 0.65), P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for endozepines was 0.842 (95% CI (0.717 to 0.966), P < 0.0001) for discriminating patients with inflammation from healthy volunteers.

Conclusions
Endozepines might be involved in the inflammatory response in patients with systemic inflammation.