bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and RARS with thrombocytosis
Authors: Patnaik Mrinal M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: April 2015

Disease Overview: Ring sideroblasts (RS) are erythroid precursors with abnormal perinuclear mitochondrial iron accumulation. Two myeloid neoplasms defined by the presence of RS, include refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) and RARS with thrombocytosis (RARS‐T).Diagnosis: RARS is a lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with dysplasia limited to the erythroid lineage, <5% bone marrow (BM) blasts and ≥15% BM RS. RARS‐T is a provisional entity in the MDS/MPN (myeloproliferative neoplasm) overlap syndromes, with diagnostic features of RARS, along with a platelet count ≥450 × 10(9)/L and large atypical megakaryocytes similar to those observed in BCR‐ABL1 negative MPN.Mutations and Karyotype: Mutations in the SF3B1 gene are seen in ≥80% of patients with RARS and RARS‐T, and strongly correlate with the presence of BM RS; RARS‐T patients have additional mutations such as, JAK2V617F (∼60%), MPL (<5%), and CALR (<5%). Cytogenetic abnormalities are uncommon in both RARS and RARS‐T.Risk stratification: Most patients with RARS are stratified into lower risk groups by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for MDS and the revised IPSS. Disease outcome in RARS‐T is better than that of RARS, but worse than that of essential thrombocytosis. Both RARS and RARS‐T have a low risk of leukemic transformation.Treatment: Anemia and iron overload are complications in both diseases and are managed similar to lower risk MDS. Aspirin therapy is reasonable in RARS‐T, especially in the presence of JAK2V617F, but the value of platelet‐lowering drugs is uncertain. Case reports of RARS‐T therapy with lenalidomide warrant additional studies. Am. J. Hematol. 90:550–559, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the use of ball milling to develop poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)‐graphene nanocomposites (II)—Mechanical, barrier, and electrical properties
Authors: Ambrosio‐Martín Jesús , Gorrasi Giuliana , Lopez‐Rubio Amparo , Fabra María José , Mas Luís Cabedo , López‐Manchado Miguel Angel , Lagaron Jose María 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocomposites containing functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were prepared by means of high‐energy ball milling. The crystalline structure, oxygen barrier, mechanical and electrical properties, and biodegradability of the developed nanocomposites were analyzed and correlated with the amount of FGS incorporated and with their morphology, which was reported in a previous study. Addition of FGS into the PHBV matrix did not affect the crystal morphology of the material but led to somewhat enhanced crystallinity. The good dispersion and distribution of the nanofiller within the polymeric matrix, revealed in the first part of this study, was thought to be crucial for the mechanical reinforcing effect of FGS and also resulted in enhanced gas barrier properties at high relative humidity. Additionally, the conducting behavior of the nanocomposites, as interpreted by the percolation theory, displayed a very low percolation threshold set at ∼0.3 vol % of FGS, while the materials exhibited an overall significantly enhanced conductivity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42217.
Biodegradation process of a blend of thermoplastic unripe banana flour—polyethylene under composting: Identification of the biodegrading agent
Authors: Vieyra Horacio , San Martín‐Martínez Eduardo , Juárez Esmeralda , Figueroa‐López Ulises , Aguilar‐Méndez Miguel A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTStarch‐based biodegradable polymers are obtained by incorporating plant‐derived polymers into plastics. This blending allows for a reduction in the polymer's resistance to microbial degradation. Assessing biodegradability is a key step in the characterization of newly designed polymers. Composting has been taken into consideration in waste management strategies as an alternative technology for plastic disposal. This study analyzed the biodegradability of an injection‐molded plastic material in which thermoplastic unripe banana flour (TPF) acts as a matrix (70%) and metallocene catalyzed polyethylene acts as a reinforcing filler (30%). This plastic was termed 70 TPF, and the structural, physical, and mechanical changes associated with its degradation were analyzed. The characterization of the microorganism that contributes to 70 TPF biodegradation was also performed. After composting, 70 TPF decreased in tensile strength and the TPF moiety in the blend was lost, greatly affecting the microstructure of the sample. Based on these indicators of degradation, this study identified the fungus Mortierella elongata as the microorganism responsible for the degradation of the plastic, a finding that supports the role of fungal communities in the biodegradation of designed materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42258.
Use of epoxidized natural rubber as a toughening agent in plastics
Authors: Tanjung Faisal Amri , Hassan Azman , Hasan Mahbub 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAt present, the rubber toughening of plastics has become an attractive field of study in polymer science and technology because brittleness is known to be a drawback in many engineering plastics; it can cause premature failure during application. Among existing rubber materials, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) has been widely used as an impact modifier or toughening agent in a large number of engineering plastics; in particular, it enhances the impact strength, which deteriorates with the incorporation of other additives, such as fillers and flame retardants. ENR is a modification product from natural rubber produced via an epoxidation reaction. ENR also has good chemical resistance. In this review, we aim to provide a concise current status in the field of ENR toughening agents for plastics with a brief discussion of their associated problems and potential applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42270.
Preparation of Sn‐doped CdS/TiO2/conducting polymer fiber composites for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation
Authors: Ren Fengmei , Ma Haihong , Hu Wei , Zhou Zhengfa , Xu Weibing 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSn‐doped CdS/TiO2 heterojunction was synthesized on the conducting polymer fiber mat by hydrothermal method. The conducting polymer fiber mat was made by electrospinning from polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer, and nano‐graphites as conducting fillers. The Sn‐doped CdS/TiO2 heterojunction was characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, TGA, and UV–Vis absorption spectra. Under simulated solar light irradiation, a combination of Sn‐doped CdS/TiO2/conducting polymer was found to be highly efficient for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from splitting of water. The photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency was up to 2885 μmol h−1 g−1cat. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42300.
Synthesis of High‐Surface‐Area Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Microflowers and Their Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance
Authors: Li Yao , Cao Minhua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSustainable carbon materials have received particular attention in CO2 capture and storage owing to their abundant pore structures and controllable pore parameters. Here, we report high‐surface‐area hierarchically porous N‐doped carbon microflowers, which were assembled from porous nanosheets by a three‐step route: soft‐template‐assisted self‐assembly, thermal decomposition, and KOH activation. The hydrazine hydrate used in our experiment serves as not only a nitrogen source, but also a structure‐directing agent. The activation process was carried out under low (KOH/carbon=2), mild (KOH/carbon=4) and severe (KOH/carbon=6) activation conditions. The mild activated N‐doped carbon microflowers (A‐NCF‐4) have a hierarchically porous structure, high specific surface area (2309 m2 g−1), desirable micropore size below 1 nm, and importantly large micropore volume (0.95 cm3 g−1). The remarkably high CO2 adsorption capacities of 6.52 and 19.32 mmol g−1 were achieved with this sample at 0 °C (273 K) and two pressures, 1 bar and 20 bar, respectively. Furthermore, this sample also exhibits excellent stability during cyclic operations and good separation selectivity for CO2 over N2.
Using arterial spin labeling to examine mood states in youth
Authors: Mikita Nina , Mehta Mitul A. , Zelaya Fernando O. , Stringaris Argyris 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the neural correlates of mood states and the specific physiological changes associated with their valence and duration, especially in young people. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging is particularly well‐suited to study sustained cerebral states in young people, due to its robustness to low‐frequency drift, excellent interscan reliability, and noninvasiveness. Yet, it has so far been underutilized for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying mood states in youth.MethodsIn this exploratory study, 21 healthy adolescents aged 16 to 18 took part in a mood induction experiment. Neutral, sad, and happy mood states were induced using film clips and explicit instructions. An ASL scan was obtained following presentation of each film clip.ResultsMood induction led to robust changes in self‐reported mood ratings. Compared to neutral, sad mood was associated with increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the left middle frontal gyrus and anterior prefrontal cortex, and decreased rCBF in the right middle frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule. A decrease in self‐reported mood from neutral to sad condition was associated with increased rCBF in the precuneus. Happy mood was associated with increased rCBF in medial frontal and cingulate gyri, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and ventral striatum, and decreased rCBF in the inferior parietal lobule. The level of current self‐reported depressive symptoms was negatively associated with rCBF change in the cerebellum and lingual gyrus following both sad and happy mood inductions.ConclusionsArterial spin labeling is sensitive to experimentally induced mood changes in healthy young people. The effects of happy mood on rCBF patterns were generally stronger than the effects of sad mood.
Two‐Step Protein Labeling by Using Lipoic Acid Ligase with Norbornene Substrates and Subsequent Inverse‐Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Best Marcel , Degen Anna , Baalmann Mathis , Schmidt Tobias T. , Wombacher Richard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition (DAinv) between strained alkenes and tetrazines is a highly bio‐orthogonal reaction that has been applied in the specific labeling of biomolecules. In this work we present a two‐step labeling protocol for the site‐specific labeling of proteins based on attachment of a highly stable norbornene derivative to a specific peptide sequence by using a mutant of the enzyme lipoic acid ligase A (LplAW37V), followed by the covalent attachment of tetrazine‐modified fluorophores to the norbornene moiety through the bio‐orthogonal DAinv . We investigated 15 different norbornene derivatives for their selective enzymatic attachment to a 13‐residue lipoic acid acceptor peptide (LAP) by using a standardized HPLC protocol. Finally, we used this two‐step labeling strategy to label proteins in cell lysates in a site‐specific manner and performed cell‐surface labeling on living cells.
A Synthetic Transcriptional Activator of Genes Associated with the Retina in Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Syed Junetha , Chandran Anandhakumar , Pandian Ganesh N. , Taniguchi Junichi , Sato Shinsuke , Hashiya Kaori , Kashiwazaki Gengo , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSmall molecules capable of modulating epigenetic signatures can activate the transcription of tissue‐restricted genes in a totally unrelated cell type and have potential use in epigenetic therapy. To provide an example for an initial approach, we report here on one synthetic small‐molecule compound—termed “SAHA–PIP X”—from our library of conjugates. This compound triggered histone acetylation accompanied by the transcription of retinal‐tissue‐related genes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).
Carbon‐Nanotubes‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles for Alcohol Oxidations in Fuel Cells: Effect of Number of Nanotube Walls on Activity
Authors: Zhang Jin , Lu Shanfu , Xiang Yan , Shen Pei Kang , Liu Jian , Jiang San Ping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known electrocatalyst supports due to their high electrical conductivity, structural stability, and high surface area. Here, we demonstrate that the number of inner tubes or walls of CNTs also have a significant promotion effect on the activity of supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs) for alcohol oxidation reactions of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). Pd NPs with similar particle size (2.1–2.8 nm) were uniformly assembled on CNTs with different number of walls. The results indicate that Pd NPs supported on triple‐walled CNTs (TWNTs) have the highest mass activity and stability for methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions, as compared to Pd NPs supported on single‐walled and multi‐walled CNTs. Such a specific promotion effect of TWNTs on the electrocatalytic activity of Pd NPs is not related to the contribution of metal impurities in CNTs, oxygen‐functional groups of CNTs or surface area of CNTs and Pd NPs. A facile charge transfer mechanism via electron tunneling between the outer wall and inner tubes of CNTs under electrochemical driving force is proposed for the significant promotion effect of TWNTs for the alcohol oxidation reactions in alkaline solutions.
Surmounting limited gene delivery into primary immune cell populations: Efficient cell type‐specific adenoviral transduction by CAR
Authors: Clausen Björn E. , Brand Anna , Karram Khalad 
Published: April 2015

Ectopic gene expression studies in primary immune cells have been notoriously difficult to perform due to the limitations in conventional transfection and viral transduction methods. Although replication‐defective adenoviruses provide an attractive alternative for gene delivery, their use has been hampered by the limited susceptibility of murine leukocytes to adenoviral infection, due to insufficient expression of the human coxsackie/adenovirus receptor (CAR). In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Heger et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 1614–1620] report the generation of transgenic mice that enable conditional Cre/loxP‐mediated expression of human CAR. The authors demonstrate that this R26/CAG‐CAR∆1StopF mouse strain facilitates the faithful monitoring of Cre activity in situ as well as the specific and efficient adenoviral transduction of primary immune cell populations in vitro. Further tweaking of the system towards more efficient gene transfer in vivo remains a future challenge.
Mechanistic Links in the in‐situ Formation of Dinuclear Manganese Catalysts, H2O2 Disproportionation, and Alkene Oxidation
Authors: Angelone Davide , Abdolahzadeh Shaghayegh , de Boer Johannes W. , Browne Wesley R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe oxidation of substrates, such as alkenes, with H2O2 and the catalyst [MnIV2(μ‐O)3(tmtacn)2]2+ (1; tmtacn = 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane) is promoted by the addition of carboxylic acids through the in situ formation of bis(carboxylato) complexes of the type [MnIII2(μ‐O)(μ‐RCO2)2(tmtacn)2]2+. The conversion of 1 to these complexes requires a complex series of redox reactions coupled with the overall exchange of μ‐oxido ligands for μ‐carboxylato ligands. Here, we show that the mechanism by which this conversion occurs holds implications with regard to the species that is directly engaged in the catalytic oxidation of alkenes. Through a combination of UV/Vis absorption, Raman, resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, it is shown that the conversion proceeds by an autocatalytic mechanism and that the species that engages in the oxidation of organic substrates also catalyses H2O2 decomposition, and the former process is faster.
Synthesis of Functionalized Organoselenium Materials: Selenides and Diselenides Containing Cholesterol
Authors: Frizon Tiago E. , Rafique Jamal , Saba Sumbal , Bechtold Ivan H. , Gallardo Hugo , Braga Antonio L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of three new series of chalcogen liquid crystals, based on selenides and diselenides, containing cholesterol in their structure, is described. Thermal and liquid crystalline properties were investigated by POM, DSC, TGA and XRD scattering. Six of the nine molecules synthesized showed liquid crystal properties, with smectic mesomorphism. All the compounds presented good thermal stability. The smectic mesomorphism was confirmed through XRD analysis. The morphology of the surface of the films was investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). All prepared diselenides showed good glutathione peroxidase like activity and one of the diselenides was 3.3 times more active than the standard Ebselen.
α‐Carbonylimine to α‐Carbonylamide: An Efficient Oxidative Amidation Approach
Authors: Padala Anil K. , Mupparapu Nagaraju , Singh Deepika , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Ahmed Qazi Naveed 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOur interest in generating amide bonds by employing the activated C=N system has led to the development of an efficient oxidative amidation reaction between 2‐oxoaldehyde and weak nucleophilic amines (anilines, benzamides and sulfonamides). Mechanistic studies support the involvement of α‐carbonylimine (–CO–C=N–) based compounds or intermediates as a central feature of the reaction, in which an adjacent CO moiety enhances the electrophilicity of the C=N system, which favors attack of the oxidant (TBHP or SeO2), thereby resulting in the generation of the desired products in good yields. The direct oxidative coupling of 2‐oxoaldehydes and weak nucleophilic amines has been accomplished through either MgSO4–TBHP–pyridine/CuBr, or SeO2·pyridine promoted methods. In the current study, SeO2·pyridine emerged as a versatile reagent with which to promote initial α‐carbonylimine formation between 2‐oxoaldehyde and weak nucleophilic amine, and subsequent oxidation to the corresponding α‐carbonylamide. The reported methodology constitutes one of the few reports of the synthesis of α‐ketoamides from anilines, perhaps the second report for the generation of α‐ketoimides, and the first report of the generation of 2‐oxoamides with sulfonamides.
Synthesis, Post‐Modification and Fluorescence Properties of Boron Diketonate Complexes
Authors: Guieu Samuel , Pinto Joana , Silva Vera L. M. , Rocha João , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA family of fluorescent dyes based on a boron diketonate core with extended conjugation has been prepared by a three‐step strategy. The complexes are fluorescent both in solution and in the solid state, with a large Stokes' shift. A free phenol group can be used to further modify the compounds with no loss of emission efficiency.
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Electroanalysis
Authors: Lim Wan Qi , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany important technological advances have been made in the use of nanotechnology in electroanalysis in recent years. Coupled with the development of electroanalytical techniques for the detection of a wide variety of analytes, a lot of effort has been put into realizing accurate, sensitive, selective, and robust electrochemical assays and sensing devices for both laboratory and point‐of‐care applications. The use of metal oxide nanoparticles, in particular, has led to improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplexing capacity for the analysis of proteins, nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as glucose and hydrogen peroxide. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of metal oxide nanoparticle‐based electroanalytical methods with an emphasis on their mechanism, performance and applications together with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting field.
Biochar amendment to lead-contaminated soil: Effects on fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity and phytotoxicity to rice
Authors: Tan Xiaofei , Liu Yunguo , Gu Yanling , Zeng Guangming , Hu Xinjiang , Wang Xin , Hu Xi , Guo Yiming , Zeng Xiaoxia , Sun Zhichao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

The amendment effects of biochar on total microbial activity was measured by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity, and phytotoxicity in Pb(II)-contaminated soils was examined by the application of 4 different biochars to soil, with rice as a test plant. The FDA hydrolytic activities of biochar-amended soils were much higher than that of the control. The survival rate of rice in lead-contaminated biochar-amended soils showed significant improvement over the control, especially for bamboo biochar-amended soil (93.3%). In addition, rice grown in lead-contaminated control sediment displayed lower biomass production than that in biochar-amended soil. The immobilization of Pb(II) and the positive effects of biochar amendment on soil microorganisms may account for these effects. The results suggest that biochar may have an excellent ability to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb(II) on soil microorganisms and rice. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1962–1968. © 2015 SETAC
Linking trace element variations with macronutrients and major cations in marine mussels Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis
Authors: Liu Fengjie , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Marine mussels have long been used as biomonitors of contamination of trace elements, but little is known about whether variation in tissue trace elements is significantly associated with those of macronutrients and major cations. The authors examined the variability of macronutrients and major cations and their potential relationships with bioaccumulation of trace elements. The authors analyzed the concentrations of macronutrients (C, N, P, S), major cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca), and trace elements (Al, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Pb) in the whole soft tissues of marine mussels Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis collected globally from 21 sites. The results showed that 12% to 84% of the variances in the trace elements was associated with major cations, and the tissue concentration of major cations such as Na and Mg in mussels was a good proxy for ambient seawater concentrations of the major cations. Specifically, bioaccumulation of most of the trace elements was significantly associated with major cations, and the relationships of major cations with trace cations and trace oxyanions were totally opposite. Furthermore, 14% to 69% of the variances in the trace elements were significantly associated with macronutrients. Notably, more than half of the variance in the tissue concentrations of As, Cd, V, Ba, and Pb was explained by the variance in macronutrients in one or both species. Because the tissue macronutrient concentrations were strongly associated with animal growth and reproduction, the observed coupling relationships indicated that these biological processes strongly influenced the bioaccumulation of some trace elements. The present study indicated that simultaneous quantification of macronutrients and major cations with trace elements can improve the interpretation of biomonitoring data. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2041–2050. © 2015 SETAC