bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Benefit Analysis from the Hospital Perspective of Universal Active Screening Followed by Contact Precautions for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriers
Authors: McKinnell James A. , Bartsch Sarah M. , Lee Bruce Y. , Huang Susan S. , Miller Loren G. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVETo explore the economic impact to a hospital of universal methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) screening.METHODSWe used a decision tree model to estimate the direct economic impact to an individual hospital of starting universal MRSA screening and contact precautions. Projected costs and benefits were based on literature-derived data. Our model examined outcomes of several strategies including non-nares MRSA screening and comparison of culture versus polymerase chain reaction–based screening.RESULTSUnder baseline conditions, the costs of universal MRSA screening and contact precautions outweighed the projected benefits generated by preventing MRSA-related infections, resulting in economic costs of $104,000 per 10,000 admissions (95% CI, $83,000–$126,000). Cost-savings occurred only when the model used estimates at the extremes of our key parameters. Non-nares screening and polymerase chain reaction–based testing, both of which identified more MRSA-colonized persons, resulted in more MRSA infections averted but increased economic costs of the screening program.CONCLUSIONSWe found that universal MRSA screening, although providing potential benefit in preventing MRSA infection, is relatively costly and may be economically burdensome for a hospital. Policy makers should consider the economic burden of MRSA screening and contact precautions in relation to other interventions when choosing programs to improve patient safety and outcomes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 2–13
Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusTransmission and Infection in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gidengil Courtney A. , Gay Charlene , Huang Susan S. , Platt Richard , Yokoe Deborah , Lee Grace M. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVETo create a national policy model to evaluate the projected cost-effectiveness of multiple hospital-based strategies to prevent methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) transmission and infection.DESIGNCost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov microsimulation model that simulates the natural history of MRSA acquisition and infection.PATIENTS AND SETTINGHypothetical cohort of 10,000 adult patients admitted to a US intensive care unit.METHODSWe compared 7 strategies to standard precautions using a hospital perspective: (1) active surveillance cultures; (2) active surveillance cultures plus selective decolonization; (3) universal contact precautions (UCP); (4) universal chlorhexidine gluconate baths; (5) universal decolonization; (6) UCP + chlorhexidine gluconate baths; and (7) UCP+decolonization. For each strategy, both efficacy and compliance were considered. Outcomes of interest were: (1) MRSA colonization averted; (2) MRSA infection averted; (3) incremental cost per colonization averted; (4) incremental cost per infection averted.RESULTSA total of 1989 cases of colonization and 544 MRSA invasive infections occurred under standard precautions per 10,000 patients. Universal decolonization was the least expensive strategy and was more effective compared with all strategies except UCP+decolonization and UCP+chlorhexidine gluconate. UCP+decolonization was more effective than universal decolonization but would cost $2469 per colonization averted and $9007 per infection averted. If MRSA colonization prevalence decreases from 12% to 5%, active surveillance cultures plus selective decolonization becomes the least expensive strategy.CONCLUSIONSUniversal decolonization is cost-saving, preventing 44% of cases of MRSA colonization and 45% of cases of MRSA infection. Our model provides useful guidance for decision makers choosing between multiple available hospital-based strategies to prevent MRSA transmission.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 17–27
A Cluster of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections Due to Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Patients with Hematologic Disorders at a Japanese Tertiary Care Center: An Outbreak Investigation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tagashira Yasuaki , Kozai Yasuji , Yamasa Hitomi , Sakurada Masako , Kashiyama Tetsuya , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDRapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (RGM) are considered rare pathogens, causing central line–associated bloodstream infection. We identified an outbreak of central line–associated bloodstream infection due to RGM at a hematology-oncology ward during a 5-month period.DESIGNOutbreak investigation and literature review.SETTINGA Japanese tertiary care center.PATIENTSAdults who were hospitalized at the hematology-oncology ward from October 15, 2011, through February 17, 2012.RESULTSA total of 5 patients with a bloodstream infection due to RGM (4 cases ofMycobacterium mucogenicumand 1 case ofMycobacterium canariasenseinfection) were identified; of these, 3 patients had acute myeloid leukemia, 1 had acute lymphocytic leukemia, and 1 had aplastic anemia. Four of the 5 patients received cord blood transplantation prior to developing the bloodstream infection. All central venous catheters in patients with a bloodstream infection were removed. These patients promptly defervesced after catheter removal and their care was successfully managed without antimicrobial therapy. Surveillance cultures from the environment and water detectedM. mucogenicumandM. canariasensein the water supply of the hematology-oncology ward. The isolates from the bloodstream infection and water sources were identical on the basis of 16S-rRNA gene sequencing.CONCLUSIONSThe source of RGM in the outbreak of bloodstream infections likely was the ward tap water supply. Awareness of catheter-related bloodstream infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria should be emphasized, especially where immunocompromised patients are at risk. Also, using antimicrobials after catheter removal to treat central line–associated bloodstream infection due to RGM may not be necessary.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 76–80
Protecting the Frontline: Designing an Infection Prevention Platform for Preventing Emerging Respiratory Viral Illnesses in Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Savor Price Connie , McGeer Allison , Perl Trish M. 
Published: January 2015

Healthcare personnel often find themselves on the frontlines of any epidemic, and may be at particularly high risk of acquiring respiratory viral illnesses when compared to the general population. Many aspects dictate how respiratory viruses spread both inside the hospital and out: Elements to consider include the specific type of virus being targeted for prevention, as well as environmental conditions and host factors, such as age and immune status. Due to the diverse nature of these agents, multiple modes of transmission, including contact, droplet, aerosol, and transocular, must be considered when designing an effective infection prevention program. In this review, we examine the data behind current theories of respiratory virus transmission and key elements of any respiratory illness prevention program. We also highlight other influences that may come into play, such as the cost-effectiveness of choosing one respiratory protection strategy over another.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–10
Impact of Changes in the NHSN Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Surveillance criteria on the Frequency and Epidemiology of CAUTI in Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
Authors: Neelakanta Anupama , Sharma Sarit , Kesani Vishnu Priya , Salim Madiha , Pervaiz Amina , Aftab Nida , Mann Tal , Tashtoush Nader , Karino Shigehiko , Dhar Sorabh , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: January 2015

The impact of the 2013 NHSN CAUTI definition on CAUTI rates was analyzed. A total of 107 CAUTI episodes were identified; 60 according to NHSN 2013 definitions only and 47 according to the 2012 and 2013 definitions. Physician-diagnosed “other infections” were more common among patients who had CAUTI only according to NHSN 2013 definitions (P<.001).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–4
Comparison of NHSN-Defined Central Venous Catheter Day Counts with a Method that Accounts for Concurrent Catheters
Authors: Talbot Thomas R. , Johnson James G. , Anders Theodore , Hayes Rachel M. 
Published: January 2015

Central venous catheter (CVC) day definitions do not consider concurrent CVCs. We examined traditional CVC day counts and resultant central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates with a CVC day definition that included concurrent CVCs. Accounting for concurrent CVCs increased device day counts by 8.5% but only mildly impacted CLABSI rates.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 107–109
FRAGMENTABILITY BY THE DISCRETE METRIC
Authors: MOORS WARREN B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn a recent paper, topological spaces $(X,{\it\tau})$ that are fragmented by a metric that generates the discrete topology were investigated. In the present paper we shall continue this investigation. In particular, we will show, among other things, that such spaces are ${\it\sigma}$-scattered, that is, a countable union of scattered spaces, and characterise the continuous images of separable metrisable spaces by their fragmentability properties.
Γ-Convergence of Inhomogeneous Functionals in Orlicz–Sobolev Spaces
Authors: Bocea Marian , Mihăilescu Mihai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe asymptotic behaviour of inhomogeneous power-law type functionals is undertaken via De Giorgi’s Γ-convergence. Our results generalize recent work dealing with the asymptotic behaviour of power-law functionals acting on fields belonging to variable exponent Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces to the Orlicz–Sobolev setting.
Centralizers in Houghton’s Groups
Authors: John-Green Simon St. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe calculate the centralizers of elements, finite subgroups and virtually cyclic subgroups of Houghton’s group Hn. We discuss various Bredon (co)homological finiteness conditions satisfied by Hn including the Bredon (co)homological dimension and FPn conditions, which are analogues of the ordinary cohomological dimension and FPn conditions, respectively.
Measuring interest group framing strategies in public policy debates
Authors: Klüver Heike , Mahoney Christine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFraming plays an important role in lobbying, as interest groups strategically highlight some aspects of policy proposals while ignoring others to shape policy debates in their favour. However, due to methodological difficulties, we have remarkably little systematic data about the framing strategies of interest groups. This article therefore proposes a new technique for measuring interest group framing that is based on a quantitative text analysis of interest group position papers and official policy documents. We test this novel methodological approach on the basis of two case studies in the areas of environmental and transport policy in the European Union. We are able to identify the frames employed by all interest groups mobilised in a debate and assess their effectiveness by studying to what extent decision-makers move closer to their policy positions over the course of the policy debate.
The libration and interior structure of large icy satellites and Mercury
Authors: Van Hoolst Tim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLongitudinal librations are periodic changes in the rotation angle of a planet or satellite. Their observation and subsequent interpretation have profoundly increased our understanding of the interior structure of Mercury. Likewise, libration is thought to provide important constraints on the interior structure of icy satellites. Here we study the libration of Mercury and large icy satellites rotating synchronously with their orbital motion and explain how it depends on the interior structure.
Spin-orbit resonances and rotation of coorbital bodies in quasi-circular orbits
Authors: Philippe Robutel , Alexandre C. M. Correia , Adrien Leleu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe rotation of asymmetric bodies in eccentric Keplerian orbits can be chaotic when there is some overlap of spin-orbit resonances. Here we show that the rotation of two coorbital bodies (two planets orbiting a star or two satellites of a planet) can also be chaotic even for quasi-circular orbits around the central body. When dissipation is present, the rotation period of a body on a nearly circular orbit is believed to always end synchronous with the orbital period. Here we demonstrate that for coorbital bodies in quasi-circular orbits, stable non-synchronous rotation is possible for a wide range of mass ratios and body shapes. We further show that the rotation becomes chaotic when the natural rotational libration frequency, due to the axial asymmetry, is of the same order of magnitude as the orbital libration frequency.
Complements to the longitudinal librations of an elastic 3-layer Titan on a non-Keplerian orbit
Authors: Richard Andy , Rambaux Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTitan longitudinal librations are dependent on the satellite internal structure and the elastic behavior of the surface. The elastic deformation of the surface is related to the perturbing potential through the Love theory. In a previous paper, we described the deformation as a response to the tidal potential exerted by Saturn at orbital frequency. Here we improve the tidal deformation reponse by including the effect of the libration angle and the orbital perturbations. We then provide the libration amplitudes associated with the rotational model of a tidally deformed three-layer Titan evolving on a non-Keplerian orbit.
Spin-orbit angle in compact planetary systems perturbed by an inclined companion. Application to the 55 Cancri system
Authors: Boué Gwenaël , Fabrycky Daniel C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe stellar spin orientation relative to the orbital planes of multiplanet systems are becoming accessible to observations. For example, 55 Cancri is a system composed of 5 planets orbiting a member of a stellar binary for which a projected obliquity of 72±12 ° relative to the orbit of the innermost planet has been reported (Bourrier & Hébrard 2014). This large obliquity has been attributed to the perturbation induced by the binary. Here we describe the secular evolution of similar systems and we discuss the case of the 55 Cancri system more deeply. We provide two different orbital configurations compatible with the currently available observations.
Orbital fitting of Fomalhaut b and subsequent interaction with the dust belt
Authors: Beust Hervé , Faramaz Virginie , Augereau Jean-Charles 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFomalhaut harbours a moderately eccentric dust belt with a planet candidate (Fom b) imaged near its inner edge. MCMC-based orbital determination of Fom b shows that the orbit is highly eccentric (e≃0.9), nearly apsidally aligned with the belt. We study the secular interaction between the planet and the dust ring. We show that only if it is a small mass object, Fom b can perturb the belt without destroying it. But Fom b's perturbing action inevitably drives the belt to high eccentricity and apsidal misalignment. This behaviour is due to the planet's high eccentricity.This dynamical outcome contradicts both observations and orbital determination. We conclude that another, more massive and less eccentric planet (Fom c) is required to dynamically control the belt. We show that Fom b is likely to have been formerly trapped in mean-motion resonance with Fom c and that subsequent eccentricity increase caused it to cross Fom c's orbit and to jump on its present day orbit via a scattering event.
PlanetPack software tool for exoplanets detection: coming new features
Authors: Baluev Roman V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe briefly overview the new features of PlanetPack2, the forthcoming update of PlanetPack, which is a software tool for exoplanets detection and characterization from Doppler radial velocity data. Among other things, this major update brings parallelized computing, new advanced models of the Doppler noise, handling of the so-called Keplerian periodogram, and routines for transits fitting and transit timing variation analysis.
Understanding the assembly of Kepler's tightly-packed planetary systems
Authors: Hands Thomas O. , Alexander Richard D. , Dehnen Walter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Kepler mission has recently discovered a number of exoplanetary systems, such as Kepler 11, in which ensembles of several planets are found in very closely packed orbits. These systems present a challenge for traditional formation and migration scenarios. We present a dynamical study of the evolution of these systems using an N-body approach, incorporating both smooth and stochastic migration forces and a variety of initial conditions, in order to assess the feasibility of assembling such systems via traditional, disc-driven migration.
Dynamic study of possible host stars for extrasolar planetary systems
Authors: Shakht N. A. , Romanenko L. G. , Gorshanov D. L. , Vasilkova O. O. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present the stellar systems which consist of double and multiple stars with distances 3.5 ÷ 25 pc from the Sun, belonging to spectral classes F, G, K, M, having masses from 0.3 to 1.5 solar mass and can, in principle, possess planetary systems. On the basis of observations with Pulkovo 65 cm refractor the relative positions of double stars, the parameters of motion, the orbits and also the ephemeris for the nearest epochs have been computed.
Automated Classification of Asteroids into Families at Work
Authors: Knežević Zoran , Milani Andrea , Cellino Alberto , Novaković Bojan , Spoto Federica , Paolicchi Paolo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe have recently proposed a new approach to the asteroid family classification by combining the classical HCM method with an automated procedure to add newly discovered members to existing families. This approach is specifically intended to cope with ever increasing asteroid data sets, and consists of several steps to segment the problem and handle the very large amount of data in an efficient and accurate manner. We briefly present all these steps and show the results from three subsequent updates making use of only the automated step of attributing the newly numbered asteroids to the known families. We describe the changes of the individual families membership, as well as the evolution of the classification due to the newly added intersections between the families, resolved candidate family mergers, and emergence of the new candidates for the mergers. We thus demonstrate how by the new approach the asteroid family classification becomes stable in general terms (converging towards a permanent list of confirmed families), and in the same time evolving in details (to account for the newly discovered asteroids) at each update.
Trajectory and physical properties of near-Earth asteroid 2009 BD
Authors: Farnocchia D. , Mommert M. , Hora J. L. , Chesley S. R. , Vokrouhlický D. , Trilling D. E. , Mueller M. , Harris A. W. , Smith H. A. , Fazio G. G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe analyze the trajectory of near-Earth asteroid 2009~BD, which is a candidate target of the NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission. The small size of 2009 BD and its Earth-like orbit pose challenges to understanding the dynamical properties of 2009 BD. In particular, nongravitational perturbations, such as solar radiation pressure and the Yarkovsky effect, are essential to match observational data and provide reliable predictions. By using Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC observations and our model for the thermophysical properties and the nongravitational forces acting on 2009 BD we obtain probabilistic derivations of the physical properties of this object. We find two physically possible solutions. The first solution shows 2009 BD as a 2.9 ± 0.3 m diameter rocky body with an extremely high albedo that is covered with regolith-like material, causing it to exhibit a low thermal inertia. The second solution suggests 2009 BD to be a 4 ± 1 m diameter asteroid with albedo 0.45 ± 0.35 that consists of a collection of individual bare rock slabs. We are unable to rule out either solution based on physical reasoning. 2009 BD is the smallest asteroid for which physical properties have been constrained, providing unique information on the physical properties of objects in the size range smaller than 10 m.
Orbit computation of the TELECOM-2D satellite with a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Deleflie Florent , Coulot David , Vienne Alain , Decosta Romain , Richard Pascal , Lasri Mohammed Amjad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn order to test a preliminary orbit determination method, we fit an orbit of the geostationary satellite TELECOM-2D, as if we did not know any a priori information on its trajectory. The method is based on a genetic algorithm coupled to an analytical propagator of the trajectory, that is used over a couple of days, and that uses a whole set of altazimutal data that are acquired by the tracking network made up of the two TAROT telescopes. The adjusted orbit is then compared to a numerical reference. The method is described, and the results are analyzed, as a step towards an operational method of preliminary orbit determination for uncatalogued objects.
Comparison of different methods to compute a preliminary orbit of Space Debris using radar observations
Authors: Ma Hélène , Gronchi Giovanni F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe advertise a new method of preliminary orbit determination for space debris using radar observations, which we call Infang†. We can perform a linkage of two sets of four observations collected at close times. The context is characterized by the accuracy of the range ρ, whereas the right ascension α and the declination δ are much more inaccurate due to observational errors. This method can correct α, δ, assuming the exact knowledge of the range ρ. Considering no perturbations from the J2 effect, but including errors in the observations, we can compare the new method, the classical method of Gibbs, and the more recent Keplerian integrals method. The development of Infang is still on-going and will be further improved and tested.
Averaged changes in the orbital elements of meteoroids due to Yarkovsky-Radzievskij force
Authors: Ryabova Galina O. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractYarkovsky-Radzievskij effect exceeds the Poynting-Robertson effect in the perturbing action on particles larger than 100 μm. We obtained formulae for averaged changes in a meteoroid's Keplerian orbital elements and used them to estimate dispersion in the Geminid meteoroid stream. It was found that dispersion in semi-major axis of the model shower increased nearly three times on condition that meteoroids rotation is fast, and the rotation axis is stable.
Dynamical properties of Watsonia asteroid family
Authors: Tsirvoulis Georgios , Novaković Bojan , Knežević Zoran , Cellino Alberto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent years, a rare class of asteroids has been discovered by Cellino et al. (2006), with its distinguishing characteristic being the anomalous polarimetric properties of its members. Named Barbarians, after (234) Barbara, the prototype of the class, these asteroids show negative polarization at unusually high phase-angles compared to normal asteroids. Motivated by the fact that some of the few discovered Barbarians seemed to be related to the Watsonia asteroid family, Cellino et al. (2014) performed a search for more Barbarians among its members. A positive result of this search led to the conclusion that Watsonia is indeed an important repository of Barbarian asteroids. Based on these findings, we decided to analyze this family in detail.