bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La transition lycée-université et l’évolution conceptuelle relative aux calculs de pH en Tunisie
Authors: Ouertatani Latifa , Dumon Alain 
Published: March 2014

Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons de comparer ce que se sont approprié des élèves de terminale (grade 12) et des étudiants de première année universitaire tunisiens à propos des calculs de pH. Sont-ils capables de mettre en relation des éléments du registre empirique (valeur du pH, concentration, nature des espèces chimiques, etc.) avec des éléments du registre de la théorie-modèle (KA, pKA, formules du pH, approximations, etc.) ? Les étudiants universitaires ont été interrogés sur le sujet au début de l’année universitaire et à la fin des enseignements. Les difficultés qu’ils ont rencontrées dans leurs tentatives de se remémorer et d’utiliser des « formules » ont été mises en évidence. D’après les résultats obtenus nous constatons que la focalisation de l’attention des élèves sur la méthodologie générale du calcul des pH ne semble pas favoriser un enrichissement des connaissances conceptuelles et nous proposons de favoriser des interactions entre registre empirique et registre théorique qui se succèdent en général dans l’enseignement tunisien sans interactions et sans liens.
Gherasim Luca, Paul Celan : un au-delà de la langue dans la langue ?
Authors: Orlandi Sibylle 
Published: March 2014

Paul Celan et Gherasim Luca ont en commun un héritage, qui semble à la fois installer la mort au cœur de la création et interdire le passage dans un « après ». L’homme ne peut espérer atteindre un au-delà ni ne peut aspirer à la saisie d’un sens définitif, qui transcenderait le langage. Bien plus, les auteurs font le constat que toute fixation est mortifère, et que l’instabilité est le prix de la parole poétique. L’écriture devient alors le lieu d’un étrange pari : l’enjeu est de trouver un au-delà de la langue dans la langue.
« Utopie, l’essence de l’au-delà »
Authors: Carabédian Alice 
Published: March 2014

La relation à l’inconnu, au radicalement autre, à l’énigme de l’au-delà est au cœur de l’utopie. Celle-ci n’est pas seulement le rêve, parfois considéré comme dangereux, d’une société meilleure, unifiée, homogène, qui signerait la fin de l’histoire. L’auteur de science-fiction Iain M. Banks, avec son Cycle de la Culture (1987-2013), nous permet de reconceptualiser une utopie qui s’ouvre sur l’au-delà. C’est une utopie hors de l’île, traversée par l’altérité. Elle nous enjoint à pousser notre regard toujours plus loin, à ne pas se satisfaire du déjà-là, à penser le mystère, celui qu’on ne peut appréhender que par les mots. Banks nous propose une utopie qui serait une posture, une disposition intellectuelle : il la nomme Culture. Elle transcende toutes les limites. Si un certain rapport à la pesanteur morbide de la réalité est à l’origine de l’utopie, son salut se trouve dans une ouverture sans cesse renouvelée à l’au-delà.
Durabilité sociale de la gestion de l’eau urbaine en France et évaluation des effets sociaux d’un modèle d’analyse garantissant la solidarité dans l’accès à l’eau
Authors: Tabi Marie Tsanga , Nafi Amir 
Published: March 2014

Le changement de paradigme de gestion des eaux urbaines a mis en évidence la question de la durabilité des services d’eau. L’un des aspects les plus négligés de cette durabilité est son volet social alors même que les dynamiques de changement ressortant de la dimension sociale bousculent les équilibres globaux. C’est ce concept de durabilité sociale que nous formalisons et que nous étudions dans le cas d’un service d’eau urbain à partir d’un modèle théorico-empirique baptisé « modèle de tarification solidaire multi-objectifs » (modèle TSMO). L’enjeu consiste par le biais d’un outil tarifaire qui optimise les trois dimensions économiques, environnementales et sociales de la durabilité, à développer des mécanismes de solidarité interne qui, tout en respectant l’équilibre budgétaire, assurent une équité d’accès à l’eau entre les abonnés du service et minimisent la pauvreté en eau.
Interface Pressure at Different Degrees of Backrest Elevation With Various Types of Pressure-Redistribution Surfaces
Authors: Lippoldt Juliane , Pernicka Elisabeth , Staudinger Thomas 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIncreased elevation of the head of the bed is linked to a higher risk for sacral pressure ulcers. A semirecumbent position of at least 30° is recommended for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients treated with mechanical ventilation. Therefore, prevention of pressure ulcers and prevention of pneumonia seem to demand contradictory, possibly incompatible, positioning.ObjectivesTo measure pressure at the interface between sacral skin and the supporting surface in healthy volunteers at different degrees of upright position with different types of mattresses.MethodsAn open, prospective, randomized crossover trial was conducted with 20 healthy volunteers. Interface pressure was measured by using a pressure mapping device with the participant in a supine position at 0, 10°, 30°, and 45° elevation and in the reverse Trendelenburg position at 10° and 30°. Four types of mattresses were examined: 2 different foam mattresses and 2 air suspension beds, 1 of the latter with low-air-loss technology.ResultsPeak sacral interface pressures increased significantly only at 45° of backrest elevation (P &lt; .001). A mattress system with low-air-loss technology significantly reduced peak interface pressures at all angles (P &lt; .001). The reverse Trendelenburg position led to lower peak pressures for all positions (P = .01).ConclusionsBackrest elevation up to 30° might be a compromise between the seemingly incompatible demands of skin integrity and the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The reverse Trendelenburg position and a mattress system with low-air-loss technology could be additional useful tools to help prevent skin breakdown at the sacrum.
Patient Predictors of Dexmedetomidine Effectiveness for Sedation in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Smithburger Pamela L. , Smith Randall B. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. , Empey Philip E. 
Published: March 2014

Background
Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is increasingly used as a sedative in intensive care despite variations in patients’ responses.

Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as a sedative and specific patient characteristics that play a role in adequate sedation with dexmedetomidine.

Methods
A 6-month, pilot, prospective observational study was performed in a medical intensive care unit at an academic medical center. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine were followed up until use of the drug was stopped and they were classified as nonresponders or responders. Effective sedation was defined as a score of 3 to 4 on the Sedation Agitation Scale after the administration of dexmedetomidine. Patient characteristics, laboratory values, home and inpatient medications, and dexmedetomidine dosing information were collected to identify predictors of clinical response.

Results
During the 6-month study period, 38 patients received dexmedetomidine. The drug was ineffective as a sedative in 19 patients (50%) and effective in 11 (29%). Effectiveness could not be assessed in 8 patients because of clinical confounders. According to standard multiple logistic regression analysis, successful sedation was more likely in patients with a lower score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.81; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.03) and patients who took antidepressants at home (OR 10.27; 95% CI, 0.23 to 4.43) than in patients who had a higher score or did not take antidepressants at home.

Conclusions
Effective sedation with dexmedetomidine is variable.
Preventing Hypokalemia in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Scotto Carrie J. , Fridline Mark , Menhart Cinderella J. , Klions Howard A. 
Published: March 2014

Background
Many therapies used in critical care cause potassium depletion. Current practice relies on potassium replacement protocols after a patient becomes hypokalemic. Potassium bolus therapy creates risk for patients, is costly, and increases nurses’ workload.

Objectives
To determine if administering potassium preemptively in maintenance intravenous fluid would prevent episodes of hypokalemia and reduce the need for potassium boluses.

Methods
Medical records of 267 patients with normal potassium and creatinine levels at admission who did not receive total parenteral nutrition were reviewed. The 156 patients who met the study criteria were categorized by group: those who received potassium via maintenance intravenous fluid (treatment; n = 76) and those who did not (control; n = 80). The treatment group had potassium chloride or acetate added to intravenous fluid delivered at 36 to 72 mmol/d.

Results
The 2 groups did not differ significantly in age, race, sex, or admitting diagnosis. Type of diagnosis, length of stay, and potassium and creatinine levels at admission did not affect the number of potassium boluses for either group. The patients given maintenance potassium preemptively received significantly fewer (P &lt; .001) potassium boluses (0.8) than did the control group (2.73), for a mean savings of $231 per patient for the treatment group.

Conclusions
Patients with normal potassium and creatinine levels at admission benefitted from a maintenance intravenous dose of potassium of 72 to 144 mmol/L per day. Compared with control patients, patients receiving this dose avoided detrimental hypokalemic events, had fewer invasive procedures and lower costs, and required less nursing care.
Modification of T Cell Responses by Stem Cell Mobilization Requires Direct Signaling of the T Cell by G-CSF and IL-10
Authors: MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Le Texier Laetitia , Zhang Ping , Morris Helen , Kuns Rachel D. , Lineburg Katie E. , Leveque Lucie , Don Alistair L. , Markey Kate A. , Vuckovic Slavica , Bagger Frederik O. , Boyle Glen M. , Blazar Bruce R. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The majority of allogeneic stem cell transplants are currently undertaken using G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. G-CSF has diverse biological effects on a broad range of cells and IL-10 is a key regulator of many of these effects. Using mixed radiation chimeras in which the hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic compartments were wild-type, IL-10−/−, G-CSFR−/−, or combinations thereof we demonstrated that the attenuation of alloreactive T cell responses after G-CSF mobilization required direct signaling of the T cell by both G-CSF and IL-10. IL-10 was generated principally by radio-resistant tissue, and was not required to be produced by T cells. G-CSF mobilization significantly modulated the transcription profile of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, promoted their expansion in the donor and recipient and their depletion significantly increased graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast, stem cell mobilization with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 did not alter the donor T cell’s ability to induce acute GVHD. These studies provide an explanation for the effects of G-CSF on T cell function and demonstrate that IL-10 is required to license regulatory function but T cell production of IL-10 is not itself required for the attenuation GVHD. Although administration of CXCR4 antagonists is an efficient means of stem cell mobilization, this fails to evoke the immunomodulatory effects seen during G-CSF mobilization. These data provide a compelling rationale for considering the immunological benefits of G-CSF in selecting mobilization protocols for allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
School Function in Students With Down Syndrome
Authors: Daunhauer Lisa A. , Fidler Deborah J. , Will Elizabeth 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to specific areas of relative developmental strength and challenge, but it is unclear whether and how this profile affects participation in school and community settings. In this study we characterized the nature of school participation and performance of functional tasks in the school context for 26 elementary students with DS (mean age = 7.86 yr; standard deviation = 1.75). Students participated in assessments of cognitive status and language development. Their teachers completed the School Function Assessment (Coster, Deeney, Haltiwanger, & Haley, 1998) questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire on executive functioning (EF). Students demonstrated a pronounced pattern of assistance- and adaptation-related needs across various domains of school function. The strongest predictor of school function was EF skills, as reported by teachers (adjusted R2 = .47, p = .003). Findings from this study should inform future intervention and school-related planning for elementary school students with DS.
Effects of Partnerships Between People With Mobility Challenges and Service Dogs
Authors: Crowe Terry K. , Perea-Burns Suzanne , Sedillo Jessica Salazar , Hendrix Ingrid C. , Winkle Melissa , Deitz Jean 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of partnerships between people with disabilities and service dogs on functional performance and social interaction.
METHOD. A single-subject, alternating treatment design was used. The participants were 3 women with mobility challenges who owned service dogs. For each participant, time and perceived amount of effort for two tasks were measured for functional performance. Interaction and satisfaction levels were measured for social interactions.
RESULTS. Primary findings were that service dog partnerships decreased performance time for four of the six tasks, decreased effort for five of the six tasks, increased social interactions for 2 of the participants, and increased levels of satisfaction with social interactions for all participants.
CONCLUSION. For adult women with mobility challenges, service dog partnerships may contribute to energy conservation through decreased time and effort required to complete some tasks and may increase social interactions.
Effects of Weighted Vests on Attention, Impulse Control, and On-Task Behavior in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lin Hung-Yu , Lee Posen , Chang Wen-Dien , Hong Fu-Yuan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of using weighted vests for improving attention, impulse control, and on-task behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHOD. In a randomized, two-period crossover design, 110 children with ADHD were measured using the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test–II (CPT–II) task.
RESULTS. In the weighted vest condition, the participants did show significant improvement in all three attentional variables of the CPT–II task, including inattention; speed of processing and responding; consistency of executive management; and three of four on-task behaviors, including off task, out of seat, and fidgets. No significant improvements in impulse control and automatic vocalizations were found.
CONCLUSION. Although wearing a weighted vest is not a cure-all strategy, our findings support the use of the weighted vest to remedy attentional and on-task behavioral problems of children with ADHD.
Relationship Between Play and Sensory Processing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Watts Tara , Stagnitti Karen , Brown Ted 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We examined the empirical evidence to answer the research question, What is the relationship between play and sensory processing in children ages 3–12 yr?METHOD. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to complete a systematic review. Academic databases were searched using play, leisure, sensory processing, and sensory integration as primary search terms. Of 6,230 articles initially identified, 35 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. Of these, 8 met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS. All 8 studies were conducted within the United States. The evidence of the relationship between play and sensory processing fell mainly into the low levels of evidence: case studies and cohort studies.CONCLUSION. This review provides occupational therapists with an emerging understanding of the relationship between play and sensory processing based on current evidence and its importance in the occupational development of children. Rigorous research is needed in the area.
Effects of Object Size on Unimanual and Bimanual Movements in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Shu-Mei , Kuo Li-Chieh , Ouyang Wen-Chen , Hsu Hsiao-Man , Lin Keh-Chung , Ma Hui-Ing 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Schizophrenia affects not only mental function but also movement. We compared the movement of patients with mild schizophrenia and healthy control participants during a bimanual assembly task and examined whether changes in object size affected unimanual and bimanual movements. Fifteen patients with schizophrenia and 15 age- and gender-matched control participants were instructed to bimanually reach for and assemble objects. We manipulated the object size for the left hand (large vs. small) and measured movement time, peak velocity, and bimanual synchronization to represent movement speed, forcefulness, and bimanual coordination. Patients with schizophrenia showed slower and less forceful unimanual movements and less coordinated bimanual movements than control participants. Increasing the object size elicited faster and more forceful unimanual movements and more coordinated bimanual movements in patients. The results suggest the need for movement rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia and the possibility of manipulating object size to optimize patients’ movements. These results benefit the practice of evidence-based therapy.
Addressing Everyday Challenges: Feasibility of a Family Caregiver Training Program for People With Dementia
Authors: DiZazzo-Miller Rosanne , Samuel Preethy S. , Barnas Jean M. , Welker Keith M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and efficacy of the Family Caregiver Training Program for assisting with the basic activities of daily living of people with dementia.
METHOD. A one-group pretest–posttest research design with a 3-mo follow-up was used to examine the efficacy of a manualized education program for caregivers. The 6-hr training was delivered to 72 family caregivers over 3 consecutive weeks (2 hr/wk) by trained clinicians.
RESULTS. Caregivers showed a significant gain in knowledge of how to effectively assist with communication and nutrition, t(52) = 7.05, p &lt; .000; transfers and toileting, t(45) = 3.10, p &lt; .003; and bathing and dressing, t(44) = 2.71, p &lt; .01, of their care recipients.
CONCLUSION. Our findings demonstrate that this manualized intervention protocol is a promising method of equipping family members with the skills needed to face their everyday challenges in caring for people with dementia.
Potential Predictors of Functional Outcomes After Home-Based Constraint-Induced Therapy for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Chen Chia-ling , Lin Keh-chung , Kang Lin-ju , Wu Ching-yi , Chen Hsieh-ching , Hsieh Yu-wei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to identify predictors for treatment outcomes after home-based constraint-induced therapy (CIT) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
METHOD. Forty-three children (aged 4–12 yr) with CP were treated with individualized CIT at home for 4 wk. Potential predictors were age, sex, affected hand, and upper-extremity motor capacity measured by the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, 2nd edition (PDMS–2). Outcomes were the Pediatric Motor Activity Log (PMAL) Amount of Hand Use and Quality of Hand Use subscales and the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM).
RESULTS. A higher PDMS–2 Visual–Motor Integration subscale score predicted a better WeeFIM score after home-based CIT (adjusted R2 = .35). Younger age predicted better performance on the PMAL Amount of Hand Use and Quality of Hand Use subscales (adjusted R2 = .06–.08) after home-based CIT.
CONCLUSION. The potential predictors may allow occupational therapy practitioners to target those children who will benefit most after home-based constraint-induced therapy.
Difficulty in Mental, Neuromusculoskeletal, and Movement-Related School Functions Associated With Low Birthweight or Preterm Birth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maitra Kinsuk , Park Hae Yean , Eggenberger Jaime , Matthiessen Angela , Knight Erin , Ng Betty 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate whether low birthweight (LBW) or preterm birth was associated with difficulty in mental, neuromusculoskeletal, and movement-related school function tasks.
METHOD. Two search strategies produced 40 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis and yielded 549 effect sizes (d). Heterogeneity was evaluated by obtaining Q and I-squared values. Egger’s regression intercept test and a funnel plot were used to check for publication bias.
RESULTS. Children born LBW exhibited considerable difficulties in mental (d = −0.655, p &lt; .0001) and neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related tasks (d = −0.391, p &lt; .0001) compared with children of normal birthweight. Children born preterm also exhibited significant difficulties compared with full-term children in mental, neuromusculoskeletal, and movement-related tasks (d = −0.237, p &lt; .0001).
CONCLUSION. Deficits in mental and motor functions in children born LBW or preterm appear to have significant effects on school readiness and academic achievement.
Quantitative Colocalization Analysis of Fluorescence Microscopy Images
Authors: Zinchuk Vadim , Grossenbacher‐Zinchuk Olga 
Published: March 2014

AbstractColocalization is an important finding in many cell biological studies. This unit describes a protocol for quantitative evaluation of fluorescence microscopy images with colocalization based on calculation of a number of specialized coefficients. Images of double‐stained sections are first subjected to background correction, and then various coefficients are calculated. Meanings of the coefficients and a guide to interpretation of the results of calculations based on the use of linguistic variables are given. Success in colocalization studies depends on the quality of images analyzed, proper preparation of the images for coefficients calculations, and correct interpretation of results obtained. This protocol helps ensure reliability of colocalization coefficient calculations. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 62:4.19.1‐4.19.14. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3‐D Extracellular Matrix from Sectioned Human Tissues
Authors: Campbell Catherine B. , Cukierman Edna , Artym Vira V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCell adhesion, migration, and signaling in physiologically normal and pathological processes depend highly on the extracellular matrix that the cell interacts with. A variety of in vitro models of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional extracellular matrices have been developed to study multiple aspects of cellular behavior. However, there is a profound need for in vitro models of extracellular matrices to closely mimic both biochemical and physical aspects of a three‐dimensional in vivo cellular environment. This unit outlines the preparation of human‐tissue‐derived, cell‐free, three‐dimensional extracellular matrices for studying cellular behavior and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions ex vivo. These protocols can be used to prepare cell‐free matrices from a variety of normal and cancerous tissues. This unit also provides protocols for quality control of acellular matrix preparations, and for immunostaining of cells for specific cellular proteins as well as of extracellular matrices for their components. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 62:19.16.1‐19.16.20. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.