bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-Principles Study of Electronic and Elastic Properties of Hexagonal Layered Crystal MoS2 Under Pressure
Authors: Yuan Jiao-Nan , Cheng Yan , Zhang Xiu-Qing , Chen Xiang-Rong , Cai Ling-Cang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The structural, electronic, and elastic properties of hexagonal layered crystal MoS2 under pressure are investigated using first-principles calculations within the local density approximation (LDA). The calculated lattice parameters a
0, c
0, and cell volume V
0 of MoS2 are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Our calculations show that MoS2 is an indirect band gap semiconductor and there is a vanishing anisotropy in the rate of structural change at around 25 GPa, which is consistent with the experimental result. We also analyse the partial density of states (PDOS) of MoS2 at 0 and 14 GPa, which indicate that the whole valence bands of MoS2 are mainly composed by the Mo-4d and S-3s states at 0 GPa, while they are mainly composed by the Mo-4p, Mo-4d, and S-3p states at 14 GPa. The electronic charge density difference maps show the covalent characteristic of Mo–S, and the bonding properties of MoS2 are investigated by using the Mulliken overlap population. In addition, the elastic constants C

ij
, bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus Y, the Debye temperature Θ
D
, and hardness H of MoS2 are also obtained successfully. It is found that they all increase monotonically with the increasing pressure.
Eigenvalue Problem, Spin Systems, Lie Groups, and Parameter Dependence
Authors: Steeb Willi-Hans , Hardy Yorick 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe study square matrices F(α) over ℂ with α∈ℝ, where the eigenvalues depend on the parameter α but not the eigenvectors, and vice versa, where the eigenvectors depend on the parameter α but not the eigenvalues. We derive sufficient conditions for such properties. Applications to Lie groups and spin systems are provided. Both normal and nonnormal matrices are investigated.
Science Workshop: an exchange of knowledge between the bachelor and the school from the theme of recycling
Authors: Machado Gabriella Eldereti , Navarini Jussara 
Published: May 2015

Currently in the midst of several environment-related discussions, it is very important to know about the issues related, for example, recycling, and especially awareness of students from the earliest grades. Thinking it was held a Workshop on Science at the State Elementary School Ecilda Alves Paim, starting this need discussion and awareness about the importance of recycling to the environment. Aiming activity performed to provide students with a set space between scientific knowledge and everyday experiences of the same, with a space for the exchange of knowledge and experiences. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss1p8
Accuracy assessment of GOCE-based geopotential models and their use for modelling the gravimetric quasigeoid - A case study for Poland
Authors: Godah Walyeldeen , Szelachowska Malgorzata , Krynski Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) has significantly upgraded the knowledge on the Earth gravity field. In this contribution the accuracy of height anomalies determined from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) based on approximately 27 months GOCE satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data have been assessed over Poland using three sets of precise GNSS/levelling data. The fits of height anomalies obtained from 4th release GOCE-based GGMs to GNSS/levelling data were discussed and compared with the respective ones of 3rd release GOCE-based GGMs and the EGM08.
Furthermore, two highly accurate gravimetric quasigeoid models were developed over the area of Poland using high resolution Faye gravity anomalies. In the first, the GOCE-based GGM was used as a reference geopotential model, and in the second - the EGM08. They were evaluated with GNSS/levelling data and their accuracy performance was assessed. The use of GOCE-based GGMs for recovering the long-wavelength gravity signal in gravimetric quasigeoid modelling was discussed.
Kriging approach for local height transformations
Authors: Ligas Marcin , Kulczycki Marek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the paper a transformation between two height datums (Kronstadt’60 and Kronstadt’86, the latter being a part of the present National Spatial Reference System in Poland) with the use of geostatistical method - kriging is presented. As the height differences between the two datums reveal visible trend a natural decision is to use the kind of kriging method that takes into account nonstationarity in the average behavior of the spatial process (height differences between the two datums). Hence, two methods were applied: hybrid technique (a method combining Trend Surface Analysis with ordinary kriging on least squares residuals) and universal kriging. The background of the two methods has been presented. The two methods were compared with respect to the prediction capabilities in a process of crossvalidation and additionally they were compared to the results obtained by applying a polynomial regression transformation model. The results obtained within this study prove that the structure hidden in the residual part of the model and used in kriging methods may improve prediction capabilities of the transformation model.
Deformation Curve Characteristics of Rapeseeds and Sunflower Seeds Under Compression Loading
Authors: Divišová M. , Herák D. , Kabutey A. , Šleger V. , Sigalingging R. , Svatoňová T. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The deformation curve characteristics of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds compressed using the equipment ZDM 50-2313/56/18 and varying vessel diameters (40, 60, 80, and 100 mm) were investigated. Maximum compressive force of 100 kN was applied on bulk oilseeds of rape and sunflower of measured height 20-80 mm and deformed at a speed of 60 mm∙min-1. The compression test using the vessel diameters of 40 and 60 mm showed a serration effect while the vessel diameters of 80 and 100 mm indicated an increasing function effect on the force-deformation characteristic curves. Clearly, the increasing function effect described the region with oil flow and that of serration effect described the region without any oil flow. However, it was observed that the serration effect could be due to the higher compressive stress inside the smaller vessel diameters (40 and 60 mm) compared to those with bigger vessel diameters (80 and 100 mm). Parameters such as deformation, deformation energy, and energy density were determined from the force-deformation curves dependency showing both increasing function and serration effect. The findings of the study provide useful information for the determination of specific compressive force and energy requirements for extracting maximum oil from oilseed crops such as rape and sunflower.
Correlation of Atraumatic Pain with Acetabular Chondromalacia in Athletes
Authors: Holst David C , Stubbs Allston J , Mason Phillip R , Anx Adam , Perry Brad , Howse Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship of atraumatic, prearthritic hip pain to the severity of acetabular chondromalacia (CSI) documented at the time of hip arthroscopy in a group of athletes. Our hypothesis is that hip pain duration is positively correlated with acetabular cartilage damage. Forty-six consecutive patients with atraumatic, prearthritic hip pain underwent hip arthroscopy. The severity of chondral damage was compared to duration of symptoms, age, and Wiberg's lateral center edge angle. For the cohort of male patients, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was r = 0.43 for age (p = 0.049), r = 0.85 for pain duration (p < 0.001), and r = 0.13 for Wiberg angle (p = 0.573). These findings in the athletic, male cohort supports a positive correlation between duration of hip pain symptoms and degree of acetabular chondromalacia.Holst DC, Stubbs AJ, Mason PR, Anx A, Perry B, Howse EA. Correlation of Atraumatic Pain with Acetabular Chondromalacia in Athletes. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):25-27.
Surgical Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Parekh Selene G , Easley Mark E , Adams Samuel B , Gross Christopher E 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) present a formidable treatment challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. Historical cartilage repair strategies often result in the formation of fibro cartilage leading to suboptimal clinical results. With advances in regenerative medicine, modern surgical techniques are diverse and employ autograft, allograft and tissueengineered constructs for cartilage repair. Fresh and particulated juvenile allograft transplantation have become popular options in the United States. Worldwide, both cellular and acellular tissueengineered constructs are utilized. In all cases, there is still debate as to the optimal cell source and scaffold material and only short term clinical results are available. This article will review these current as well as experimental techniques for cartilage repair of osteochondral lesions of the talus.
Adams Jr SB, Gross CE, Tainter DM, Easley ME, Parekh SG. Surgical Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):3547.
What is the Diagnosis?
Authors: Crawford Mathew D , DVM William C Eward 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMelorheostosis is a rare, benign connective tissue disorder affecting both bone and soft tissues. Its insidious and variable presentation makes it a challenging clinical diagnosis. We describe the case of a patient presenting with monomelic involvement including significant contractures of the left upper extremity. This case illustrates the functional morbidity associated with melorheostosis as well as its characteristic (i.e. radiographs with flowing hyperostosis) and more rare (i.e. local gigantism) findings.Crawford MD, Eward WC. What is the Diagnosis? The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):70-72.
Sonographic Findings in the Ulnar Nerve According to the Electrophysiologic Stage of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Eom Young In , Choi Moon Hee , Kim Yue Kyung , Joo In Soo 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesInvolvement of the ulnar nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome is controversial. The aim of our study was to evaluate sonographic findings in the ulnar nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.MethodsWe performed median and ulnar nerve conduction studies with sonography in 109 hands of 60 patients with clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome. Sonographic findings were analyzed with regard to electrophysiologic stages of carpal tunnel syndrome.ResultsWe found that the sensory conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve decreased as the electrophysiologic stage of carpal tunnel syndrome increased (P = .038), but there was no change in the cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. The median‐to‐ulnar nerve cross‐sectional area ratio at the wrist showed a significant correlation with the electrophysiologic stage of carpal tunnel syndrome (Spearman r = 0.431; P < .0001), in addition to the median nerve cross‐sectional area at the wrist and the wrist‐to‐ forearm median nerve cross‐sectional area ratio.ConclusionsIn our study, ulnar nerve involvement in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome was shown electrophysiologically but not sonographically. These results suggest that morphologic changes in the ulnar nerve do not occur in carpal tunnel syndrome, although functional changes may occur.
The Baseline Diameter of the Inferior Vena Cava Measured by Sonography Increases With Age in Normovolemic Children
Authors: Kathuria Neil , Ng Lorraine , Saul Turandot , Lewiss Resa E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate normative sonographic measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter in healthy pediatric patients.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of healthy patients between the ages of 0 and 22 years presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Exclusion criteria included abnormal vital signs, pregnancy, or illnesses thought to influence volume status. During quiet respiration, the maximum and minimum IVC diameters were measured in the sagittal plane distal to the hepatic vein–IVC junction. As second measurements, the maximum diameters of the IVC and aorta were measured in the transverse plane distal to the insertion of the left renal vein into the IVC.ResultsFrom February 2013 through April 2014, 63 children (51% female; mean age, 11 years) were enrolled. There were 20 children in each age group of 2 to 7, 7 to 12, and 12 to 22 years. The correlations between IVC and aortic diameters as a function of age were calculated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients were all statistically significant (P < .001): sagittal maximum IVC diameter (0.81), sagittal minimum IVC diameter (0.79), transverse maximum IVC diameter (0.79), and transverse maximum aortic diameter (0.81).ConclusionsThis pilot study of sonographic measurements of the IVC diameter in normovolemic children suggests a statistically significant positive correlation between age and IVC diameter. Future studies should focus on multicenter enrollment, children in the youngest age group, and the development of normative growth curves for the IVC by age, sex, and body mass index.
Contrast Ultrasound Imaging of the Aorta Does Not Affect Progression of Atherosclerosis or Cardiovascular Biomarkers in ApoE−/− Mice
Authors: Smith Brendon W. , Simpson Douglas G. , Sarwate Sandhya , Miller Rita J. , Erdman John W. , O'Brien William D. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesUltrasound contrast agents (UCAs) enhance cardiovascular ultrasound imaging. Adverse biological effects have occurred after administration of UCAs, and more research is needed for a comprehensive understanding of the risks involved. We used the ApoE−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis to characterize the effects of ultrasound and UCAs on atherosclerosis and plasma biomarkers.MethodsMale ApoE−/− mice (8 weeks old; n = 24) were intravenously infused with a UCA (2 × 1010 Definity microbubbles per hour; Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) and exposed to 2.8‐MHz center frequency ultrasound (10 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 1.4 microseconds pulse duration, 2 minutes exposure duration, and 2 sites) at 1 of 3 derated peak rarefactional pressure amplitudes (0, 1.9, or 3.8 MPa), and then consumed either a chow or Western diet for 4 weeks (n = 4 per group). Blood plasma samples were collected before ultrasound exposure and at 2 and 4 weeks after exposure and assayed for total cholesterol and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). A pathologist measured atheroma thickness in formalin‐fixed, hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained transverse aorta sections and scored them for severity of atherosclerosis.ResultsPlasma total cholesterol initially averaged 286 mg/dL in the Western diet group and increased to 861 mg/dL after 4 weeks on the diet (P < .0001). Total cholesterol did not increase significantly in the chow diet group. Plasma vWF increased after 2 weeks on the Western diet (P < .0001). Atheroma thickness was greater in animals consuming the Western diet than in chow‐fed animals (P < .05). Ultrasound had no significant effect on plasma total cholesterol, plasma vWF, or atheroma thickness.ConclusionsContrast ultrasound did not increase the severity of atherosclerosis or alter cardiovascular biomarkers in the ApoE−/− mouse model.
First‐Trimester 3‐Dimensional Power Doppler Placental Vascularization Indices From the Whole Placenta Versus the Placental Bed to Predict Preeclampsia
Authors: Hannaford Karen E. , Tuuli Methodius , Goetzinger Katherine R. , Odibo Linda , Cahill Alison G. , Macones George , Odibo Anthony O. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the use of vascular indices derived from the whole placenta to those from the placental bed only for predicting preeclampsia and to determine whether the addition of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and mean uterine artery Doppler values improves prediction.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of women with singletons between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation undergoing sonography for aneuploidy screening. Placental vascularization indices from the whole placenta versus the placental bed were combined with first‐trimester maternal serum PAPP‐A levels, mean uterine artery Doppler values, or the combination of both to predict the development of preeclampsia or early preeclampsia (delivery <34 weeks). The predictive ability of each vascular index was calculated by using areas under receiver operating characteristic curves. The sensitivity of the model for predicting preeclampsia and early preeclampsia at fixed false‐positive rates of 10% and 20% was calculated.ResultsOf 570 women, 48 (8.4%) had preeclampsia, and 10 (1.7%) had early preeclampsia. The area under the curve and sensitivity values for the prediction of preeclampsia or early preeclampsia were not different when evaluating the whole placenta versus the placental bed. Additionally, there was no significant improvement when adding PAPP‐A, uterine artery Doppler values, or both. The variables in the model were more sensitive for the prediction of early preeclampsia than preeclampsia.ConclusionsAlthough placental bed vascular indices are modestly predictive of preeclampsia, the addition of PAPP‐A and uterine artery Doppler values to vascularization indices in the whole placenta or the placental bed did not significantly improve their predictive ability.
Gestational Age at Cervical Length and Fetal Fibronectin Assessment and the Incidence of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Twins
Authors: Fox Nathan S. , Saltzman Daniel H. , Fishman Ariel , Klauser Chad K. , Gupta Simi , Rebarber Andrei 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies based on transvaginal sonographic cervical length, fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing, and the gestational age at which these tests were performed.MethodsWomen with twin pregnancies, cervical length assessment, and fFN testing between 22 weeks and 31 weeks 6 days in a single maternal‐fetal medicine practice from 2005 to 2013 were included. All testing was done on asymptomatic women on an out‐patient basis. Women with monochorionic monoamniotic twins and twin‐twin transfusion were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth before 35, 32, and 28 weeks.ResultsSix hundred eleven patients were included and underwent a total of 2406 cervical length measurements and 2279 fFN tests over the course of the study period. The likelihood values for spontaneous preterm birth before 35, 32, and 28 weeks were 19.1%, 6.3%, and 2.3%, respectively. The risk of spontaneous preterm birth before 35 weeks increased with a decreasing cervical length (coefficient for the log of the odds ratio [OR coefficient], −0.13; P < .01; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.22 to −0.037), a positive fFN result (OR coefficient, 1.04; P < .01; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.64), as well as earlier gestational ages at testing (OR coefficient, −0.214; P < .01; 95% CI, −0.33 to −0.10). Similar results were seen for spontaneous preterm birth before 32 and 28 weeks.ConclusionsIn asymptomatic patients with twin pregnancies, the cervical length, fFN, and gestational age are all significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
A review of stemflow generation dynamics and stemflow‐environment interactions in forests and shrublands
Authors: Levia Delphis F. , Germer Sonja 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany geoscientists now recognize stemflow as an important phenomenon which can exert considerable effects on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wooded ecosystems and shrublands. Despite the explosive growth of stemflow research, until this review there has been no comprehensive attempt to summarize and synthesize this literature since 2003. Topical areas of substantive new knowledge in stemflow research include the following: (1) the interrelationships among stemflow and meteorological conditions, especially within individual rain events; (2) the dynamic interplay between stemflow and canopy structure; (3) stemflow and the cycling of solutes and transport of particulate matter; (4) stemflow and its interactions with canopy fungi and corticolous lichens; and (5) stemflow‐soil interactions. Each of these five topical areas of substantive new stemflow research is summarized and synthesized, with areas of future research opportunities discussed. In addition, we have reviewed the parameters which can be used to describe stemflow and critically evaluate their utility for different purposes. This review makes a call for scientists studying stemflow to utilize common metrics in an effort to increase the cross‐site comparability of stemflow studies. Capitalizing on the insights of prior research, exciting research opportunities await hydrologists, biogeoscientists, and forest ecologists who will conduct studies to deepen our knowledge of stemflow which will enable a better and more accurate framing of stemflow in the larger context of watershed hydrology and biogeochemistry.
Promoting adoption of fall prevention measures among Latino workers and residential contractors: Formative research findings
Authors: Teran Suzanne , Blecker Hillary , Scruggs Kelsie , García Hernández Javier , Rahke Barbara 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundFalls from heights remain a concern in construction, particularly for foreign‐born Latino construction workers employed by small residential contractors. The social ecological model provides a framework to assess the individual and contextual factors influencing the risk for falls.MethodsFive focus groups and thirteen in‐depth interviews with workers, small residential contractors, and key informants were conducted in 2012 in San Francisco and Philadelphia. Data were analyzed with qualitative methods.ResultsEconomic conditions in residential construction, coupled with a lack of enforcement and vulnerabilities of the foreign‐born workforce, are principal contributors to risk for falls. Small contractors perceive strong economic disincentives for implementation of fall protection and foreign‐born Latino workers experience a variety of social, cultural and occupational pressures impeding its use.ConclusionsIncreased adoption of fall protection cannot be accomplished solely by targeting Latino construction workers. Research is needed on incentives to influence contractor behavior and facilitate adoption of fall protection measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:870–879, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the relationship between age and tenure with length of disability
Authors: Besen Elyssa , Young Amanda E. , Pransky Glenn 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe aging of the workforce, coupled with the changing nature of career tenure has raised questions about the impact of these trends on work disability. This study aimed to determine if age and tenure interact in relating to work disability duration.MethodsRelationships were investigated using random effects models with 239,359 work disability claims occurring between 2008 and 2012.ResultsA 17‐day difference in the predicted length of disability was observed from ages 25 to 65. Tenure moderated the relationship between age and length of disability. At younger ages, the length of disability decreased as tenure increased, but at older age, the length of disability increased as tenure increased.DiscussionResults indicate that although there is a relationship between length of disability and tenure, age makes a greater unique contribution to explaining variance in length of disability. Future research is needed to better understand why specifically age shows a strong relationship with length of disability and why that relationship varies with age. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:974–987, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.