bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition and infant and young child feeding in informal settlements in Mumbai, India: findings from a census
Authors: Bentley Abigail , Das Sushmita , Alcock Glyn , Shah More Neena , Pantvaidya Shanti , Osrin David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChildhood malnutrition remains common in India. We visited families in 40 urban informal settlement areas in Mumbai to document stunting, wasting, and overweight in children under five, and to examine infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in children under 2 years. We administered questions on eight core WHO IYCF indicators and on sugary and savory snack foods, and measured weight and height of children under five. Stunting was seen in 45% of 7450 children, rising from 15% in the first year to 56% in the fifth. About 16% of children were wasted and 4% overweight. 46% of infants were breastfed within the first hour, 63% were described as exclusively breastfed under 6 months, and breastfeeding continued for 12 months in 74%. The indicator for introduction of solids was met for 41% of infants. Only 13% of children satisfied the indicator for minimum dietary diversity, 43% achieved minimum meal frequency, and 5% had a minimally acceptable diet. About 63% of infants had had sugary snacks in the preceding 24 h, rising to 78% in the second year. Fried and salted snack foods had been eaten by 34% of infants and 66% of children under two. Stunting and wasting remain unacceptably common in informal settlements in Mumbai, and IYCF appears problematic, particularly in terms of dietary diversity. The ubiquity of sugary, fried, and salted snack foods is a serious concern: substantial consumption begins in infancy and exceeds that of all other food groups except grains, roots, and tubers.
The proportion of CD16+CD14dim monocytes increases with tumor cell load in bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Sponaas Anne M. , Moen Siv H. , Liabakk Nina B. , Feyzi Emadoldin , Holien Toril , Kvam Solveig , Grøseth Lill Anny G. , Størdal Berit , Buene Glenn , Espevik Terje , Waage Anders , Standal Therese , Sundan Anders 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMultiple myeloma is an incurable cancer with expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Previous studies have shown that monocytes and macrophages in the bone marrow milieu are important for tumor growth and may play a role in the drug response. We therefore characterized monocytes in bone marrow aspirates by flow cytometry. We found that there was significant correlation between the proportion of CX3CR1+, CD16+CD14dim non classical monocytes, and percent plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow of myeloma patients. The bone marrow monocytes could be stimulated by TLR ligands to produce cytokines which promote myeloma cell growth. The proportion of the non‐classical monocytes increased with the tumor load, particularly in patients with tumor loads in the range of 10–30% bone marrow PC.
Digital BadgesRecognizing, Assessing, and Motivating Learners In and Out of School Contexts
Authors: Ian O'Byrne W. , Schenke Katerina , WillisIII James E. , Hickey Daniel T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDigital badges are web‐enabled tokens of accomplishment that contain specific claims and evidence about learning and achievement along with detailed evidence supporting those claims. Badges traditionally consist of an image and relevant metadata (e.g., badge name, description, criteria, issuer, evidence, date issued, standards, and tags). This column features findings from recent research examining the design principles for open digital badges that emerged across the 30 organizations awarded grants to develop badge content in the 2012 Badges for Lifelong Learning Initiative. The column focuses this inspection of the principles identified in the research (recognition, assessment, and motivation) on one student in the MOUSE outreach program. Results from this column provide guidance for educators in and out of traditional learning contexts.
A Synthetic Fragment of Leptin Increase Hematopoietic Stem Cell Population and Improve Its Engraftment Ability
Authors: Dias Carolina C. , Nogueira‐Pedro Amanda , Tokuyama Paula Yumi , Martins Marta N. C. , Segreto Helena Regina Comodo , Buri Marcus V. , Miranda Antonio , Paredes‐Gamero Edgar J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have shown the important actions of cytokine leptin that regulates food intake and energy expenditure. Additionally, the ability to modulate hematopoiesis has also been demonstrated. Previous reports have shown that some synthetic sequences of leptin molecules can activate leptin receptor. Herein, decapeptides encompassing amino acids from positions 98 to 122 of the leptin molecule were constructed to evaluate their effects on hematopoiesis. Among them, the synthetic peptide Lep110‐119‐NH2 (LEP F) was the only peptide that possessed the ability to increase the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Moreover, LEP F also produced an increase of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐forming units and activated leptin receptor. Furthermore, LEP F also improves the grafting of HSC in bone marrow, but did not accelerate the recovery of bone marrow after ablation with 5‐fluorouracil. These results show that LEP F is a positive modulator of the in vivo expansion of HSC and could be useful in bone marrow transplantation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1334–1340, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Let‐7f Inhibits Glioma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Periostin
Authors: Yan Shaofeng , Han Xiao , Xue Hao , Zhang Ping , Guo Xing , Li Tong , Guo Xiaofan , Yuan Guang , Deng Lin , Li Gang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTGlioma is one of the most aggressive and malignant tumor types. Despite advances in surgery, imaging, chemotherapy, and radiation, glioma patient prognosis remains poor. Glioma pathogenesis is an urgent problem that must be solved. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non‐coding RNAs that are key post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA deregulation commonly occurs in human tumorigenesis. In the present study, the expression levels of Let‐7f were down‐regulated in both glioma tissues and glioma cells. The enhanced expression of Let‐7f suppressed glioma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via direct targeting perisotin oncogenic activity. Experiments with periostin siRNA or over‐expression further suggest that Let‐7f may serve as tumor suppressors through perisotin signal. These findings provide insights regarding the role and mechanism of Let‐7f in regulating biological behavior of glioma cells via the Let‐7f/periostin axis, and Let‐7f may serve as a potential therapeutic target in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1680–1692, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD133+CD44+ Cells Mediate in the Lung Metastasis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: He Aina , Yang Xiaojing , Huang Yujing , Feng Tao , Wang Yonggang , Sun Yuanjue , Shen Zan , Yao Yang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCD133 and CD44 are commonly used markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by their ability for self‐renewal and tumorigenicity. However, the clinical value and significance of CD133 and CD44 in lung metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CD133+CD44+ cells mediates the metastasis of OS. We identified the CD133+CD44+ cells in lung metastatic lesions and OS cell lines, and next demonstrated CD133+CD44+ cells were more aggressive in sphere formation, migration and invasiveness compared with CD133+CD44−, CD133−CD44+, or CD133−CD44− cells. We finally sorted the CD133+CD44+ and CD133− CD44− cells from Saos‐2 cell lines, after intratibial xenograft in nude mice, these cells developed primary tumors, and CD133+CD44+ cells are more potential to form lung metastatic tumors. Thus we concluded that CD133+CD44+ cells may mediate in the lung metastasis of OS. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1719–1729, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct segment‐specific functions of calyculin A‐sensitive protein phosphatases in the regulation of cAMP‐triggered events in ejaculated bull spermatozoa
Authors: Mizuno Yohei , Isono Ayane , Kojima Aya , Arai Miyuki M. , Noda Taichi , Sakase Mitsuhiro , Fukushima Moriyuki , Harayama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYLivestock spermatozoa possess more tenacious suppressors of cAMP‐triggered events—including capacitation‐associated changes—than laboratory animal spermatozoa, leading to flagellar hyperactivation. In order to identify the suppressors, we examined effects of an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases (calyculin A) on cAMP‐triggered changes in the protein phosphorylation state, and subsequent occurrence of hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in ejaculated bull spermatozoa. Ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated in cAMP‐supplemented medium, then assessed for motility, acrosome morphology, and phosphorylated protein localization. The addition of calyculin A greatly enhanced cAMP‐triggered protein phosphorylation at serine/threonine and tyrosine residues in the connecting piece and induction of flagellar hyperactivation. Most hyperactivated spermatozoa exhibited extremely asymmetrical bends at the middle piece, which produced intensive twisting or figure‐eight movements. In the sperm head, however, cAMP‐triggered dephosphorylation of serine/threonine‐phosphorylated proteins and subsequent acrosome reaction were abolished by the addition of calyculin A. Based on these results, we suggest that calyculin A‐sensitive protein phosphatases in the connecting piece are suppressors of cAMP‐triggered events leading to hyperactivation. By contrast, similar protein phosphatases in the sperm head accelerate cAMP‐triggered events leading to the acrosome reaction. These findings are consistent with the indication that calyculin A‐sensitive protein phosphatases have distinct functions in the regulation of cAMP‐triggered events in different regions of ejaculated bull spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 232–250, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Germ‐cell hub position in a heteropteran testis correlates with the sequence and location of spermatogenesis and production of elaborate sperm bundles
Authors: Ott George J. , Shirkey Nicholas J. , Haimo Leah T. , Cardullo Richard A. , Thaler Catherine D. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYIn insects, spermatogonial cells undergo several mitotic divisions with incomplete cytokinesis, and then proceed through meiosis and spermatogenesis in synchrony. The cells derived from a single spermatogonial cell are referred to as a cyst. In the water strider Aquarius remigis, spermiogenesis occurs within two bi‐lobed testes. In contrast to most insects, in which the germ‐cell hub is located apically and sequential stages of spermatogenesis can be seen moving toward the base of the testis, each lobe of the water strider testis contains a single germ‐cell hub located medially opposite to the efferent duct of the lobe; the developing cysts are displaced toward the distal ends of the lobe as spermiogenesis proceeds. Water strider sperm have both a long flagellum and an unusually long acrosome. The water strider spermatids elongate most of the flagellum prior to morphogenesis of the acrosome, and exhibit several stages of nuclear remodeling before the final, mature sperm nucleus is formed. The maturing sperm are aligned in register in the cyst, and the flagella fold into a coiled bundle while their acrosomes form a rigid helical process that extends from the cyst toward the efferent duct. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 295–304, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination of a multimode antenna and TIAMO for traveling‐wave imaging at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Hoffmann Jens , Mirkes Christian , Shajan G. , Scheffler Klaus , Pohmann Rolf 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo investigate the performance of a multimode antenna combined with time‐interleaved acquisition of modes (TIAMO) for improved 1H image homogeneity as compared to conventional traveling‐wave imaging in the human brain at 9.4 Tesla (T).MethodsAn adjustable three‐port antenna was built to stimulate the propagation of three basic waveguide modes within a 9.4 T scanner bore. For TIAMO, two time‐interleaved acquisitions using different linear combinations of these modes were optimized to achieve a homogeneous rooted sum‐of‐squares combination of their
patterns (
). The antenna's transmit and receive performance, as well as local specific absorption rate, were analyzed using experiments and numerical simulations.ResultsThe optimized TIAMO
combination was superior to radiofrequency shimming. Across the entire brain, it improved the homogeneity of the excitation field by a factor of two and its maximum‐to‐minimum ratio by almost a factor of five as compared to the circularly polarized mode. The two‐fold increase in “virtual” receive channels enhanced the parallel imaging performance and enabled the use of higher acceleration factors.ConclusionDespite the limited number of channels, a remote three‐port antenna combined with TIAMO represents an easily implementable setup to achieve void‐free 1H images from the entire brain at 9.4 T, which can be used for anatomical localization and B0 shimming. Magn Reson Med 75:452–462, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fiber type‐specific response of skeletal muscle satellite cells to high‐intensity resistance training in dialysis patients
Authors: Molsted Stig , Andersen Jesper Løvind , Harrison Adrian Paul , Eidemak Inge , Mackey Abigail Louise 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high‐intensity resistance training on satellite cell (SC) and myonuclear number in the muscle of patients undergoing dialysis. Methods: Patients (n = 21) underwent a 16‐week control period, followed by 16 weeks of resistance training 3 times weekly. SC and myonuclear number were determined by immunohistochemistry of vastus lateralis muscle biopsy cross‐sections. Knee extension torque was tested in a dynamometer. Results: During training, SCs/type I fibers increased by 15%, whereas SCs/type II fibers remained unchanged. Myonuclear content of type II, but not type I, fibers increased with training. Before the control period, the SC content of type II fibers was lower than that of type I fibers, whereas contents were comparable when normalized to fiber area. Torque increased after training. Conclusions: Increased myonuclear content of type II muscle fibers of dialysis patients who perform resistance training suggests that SC dysfunction is not the limiting factor for muscle growth. Muscle Nerve 52: 736–745, 2015
High‐resolution ultrasound in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: A prospective study
Authors: Ellegaard Hanne R. , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders , Hess Alexander , Johnsen Birger , Qerama Erisela 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe examined the role of ultrasound in diagnosing and localizing ulnar neuropathy (UN) at the elbow.MethodsForty‐one patients referred for UN and 43 healthy subjects were included. Cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the ulnar nerve was measured by ultrasound at 5 locations across the elbow and at the wrist. Patients underwent near‐nerve conduction studies (N‐NCS).ResultsUltrasound (US) had a sensitivity of 80.5%, N‐NCS had a sensitivity of 70.7%, and combined sensitivity was 85.4% in diagnosing UN. Using N‐NCS as a reference standard, US reached a sensitivity of 93.1% and a specificity of 50.0% in diagnosing UN, and a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 42.9% in localizing UN at the elbow. There was a reduction in mean CSA at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsN‐NCS and US are complementary methods and have the potential to increase the sensitivity for diagnosing and localizing UN at the elbow. Muscle Nerve 52: 759–766, 2015
Studieren an einem Großversuch
Authors: Huber Klaus , Goerigk Günter , Ballauff Matthias , Richter Dieter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMasterstudenten der Uni Paderborn absolvieren im Wahlpflichtblock “Synthese und Struktur” ein dreitägiges Praktikum zur Neutronenstreuung am Forschungsreaktor FRM II in Garching.
Structure‐preserving, stability, and accuracy properties of the energy‐conserving sampling and weighting method for the hyper reduction of nonlinear finite element dynamic models
Authors: Farhat Charbel , Chapman Todd , Avery Philip 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe computational efficiency of a typical, projection‐based, nonlinear model reduction method hinges on the efficient approximation, for explicit computations, of the scalar projections onto a subspace of a residual vector. For implicit computations, it also hinges on the additional efficient approximation of similar projections of the Jacobian of this residual with respect to the solution. The computation of both approximations is often referred to in the literature as hyper reduction. To this effect, this paper focuses on the analysis and comparative performance study for nonlinear finite element reduced‐order models of solids and structures of the recently developed energy‐conserving mesh sampling and weighting (ECSW) hyper reduction method. Unlike most alternative approaches, this method approximates the scalar projections of residuals and/or Jacobians directly, instead of approximating first these vectors and matrices then projecting the resulting approximations onto the subspaces of interest. In this paper, it is shown that ECSW distinguishes itself furthermore from other hyper reduction methods through its preservation of the Lagrangian structure associated with Hamilton's principle. For second‐order dynamical systems, this enables it to also preserve the numerical stability properties of the discrete system to which it is applied. It is also shown that for a fixed set of parameter values, the approximation error committed online by ECSW is bounded by its counterpart error committed off‐line during the training of this method. Therefore, this error can be estimated in this case a priori and controlled. The performance of ECSW is demonstrated first for two academic but nevertheless interesting nonlinear dynamic response problems. For both of them, ECSW is shown to preserve numerical stability and deliver the desired level of accuracy, whereas the discrete empirical interpolation method and its recently introduced unassembled variant are shown to be susceptible to failure because of numerical instability. The potential of ECSW for enabling the effective reduction of nonlinear finite element dynamic models of solids and structures is also highlighted with the realistic simulation of the nonlinear transient dynamic response of a complete car engine to thermal and combustion pressure loads using an implicit scheme. For this simulation, ECSW is reported to enable the reduction of the CPU time required by the high‐dimensional nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis by more than four orders of magnitude, while achieving a very good level of accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIV‐Infected Mothers' Experiences During Their Infants' HIV Testing
Authors: Shannon Maureen T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBoth survival with HIV and rates of perinatal HIV infection have significantly declined during the past decade, due to antiretroviral therapies that interrupt HIV transmission to the fetus and newborn. Although HIV is no longer routinely fatal to mothers or transmitted to fetuses, and the testing of newborns for HIV has been improved, evidence about HIV‐infected mothers' experiences during the months of their infants' HIV testing predates these improvements. This qualitative study on 16 mothers was an analysis of interviews conducted several weeks after testing was completed and all infants had been determined to be uninfected. Mothers reported that their experiences evolved during the months of testing. Initial reactions included maternal trauma and guilt associated with infant testing. They then reported learning to cope with the roller coaster ride of repeated testing with the help of information from clinicians. By the end of the testing period, ambiguity began to resolve as they engaged in tentative maternal–infant attachment and expressed desire for a sense of normalcy. Need for support and fear of stigma persisted throughout. These findings expand current knowledge about this experience and suggest clinical strategies to guide HIV‐infected women during this stressful period. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1‐(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐fluorophenylimino)‐2‐aryliminoacenaphthylylnickel halides highly polymerizing ethylene for the polyethylenes with high branches and molecular weights
Authors: Fan Linlin , Du Shizhen , Guo Cun‐Yue , Hao Xiang , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA series of 1‐(2,6‐dibenzhydryl‐4‐fluorophenylimino)‐ 2‐aryliminoacenaphthylene derivatives (L1–L5) and their halonickel complexes LNiX2 (X = Br, Ni1–Ni5; X = Cl, Ni6–Ni10) are synthesized and well characterized. The molecular structures of representative complexes Ni2 and Ni4 are confirmed as the distorted tetrahedron geometry around nickel atom by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, all nickel complexes show high activities up to 1.49 × 107 g of PE (mol of Ni)−1 h−1 toward ethylene polymerization, producing polyethylenes with high branches and molecular weights up to 1.62 × 106 g mol−1 as well as narrow polydispersity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1369–1378
The Effects of the Crisis on Occupational Segregation of Skilled Migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean in the United States, 2006–2012
Authors: Gandini Luciana , Lozano‐Ascencio Fernando 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of the 2007–2008 economic and financial crisis on the levels of employment and unemployment of skilled migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as well as their conditions of labour insertion and levels of income, in order to identify patterns of occupational segregation and wage inequality according to their participation in the US labour market. This analysis was developed using a comparative perspective in two ways: on the one hand, comparing skilled migrants from LAC to the skilled migrant population from other regions of the world and to the native skilled population and, on the other hand, by analysing these indicators pre‐crisis and post‐crisis. The information source employed in this study was the March supplements of the Current Population Survey 2006–2012. Our findings indicate that the crisis affected the entire skilled population in the USA and particularly the migrant population. This impact is stronger among LAC women because they are the ones at greatest disadvantage, a situation that worsened following the crisis. Skilled migrants from LAC are substantially more segregated on the occupational structure than other migrants, and they increased its concentration in medium‐skilled occupations. The study also found that skilled migrants from LAC are underrepresented in professional occupations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.