bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo Metabolic Imaging of Insulin with Multiphoton Fluorescence of Human Insulin–Au Nanodots
Authors: Liu Chien‐Liang , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Hsieh Tsung‐Yuan , Liu Han‐Wen , Chen Yu‐Shing , Tsai Cheng‐Kun , Chen Hsieh‐Chih , Lin Jong‐Wei , Hsu Ron‐Bin , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Chen Chien‐Cheng , Sun Chi‐Kuang , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFunctional human insulin–Au nanodots (NDs) are synthesized for the in vivo imaging of insulin metabolism. Benefiting from its efficient red to near infrared fluorescence, deep tissue subcellular uptake of insulin–Au NDs can be clearly resolved through a least‐invasive harmonic generation and two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) microscope. In vivo investigations on mice ear and ex vivo assays on human fat tissues conclude that cells with rich insulin receptors have higher uptake of administrated insulin. Interestingly, the insulin–Au NDs can even permeate into lipid droplets (LDs) of adipocytes. Using this newly discovered metabolic phenomenon of insulin, it is found that enlarged adipocytes in type II diabetes mice have higher adjacent/LD concentration contrast with small‐sized ones in wild type mice. For human clinical samples, the epicardial adipocytes of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) also show elevated adjacent/LD concentration contrast. As a result, human insulin–Au nanodots provide a new approach to explore subcellular insulin metabolism in model animals or patients with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases.
Enabling OpenCL support for GPGPU in Kernel‐based Virtual Machine
Authors: Tien Tsan‐Rong , You Yi‐Ping 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe importance of heterogeneous multicore programming is increasing, and Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is an open industrial standard for parallel programming that provides a uniform programming model for programmers to write efficient, portable code for heterogeneous computing devices. However, OpenCL is not supported in the system virtualization environments that are often used to improve resource utilization. In this paper, we propose an OpenCL virtualization framework based on Kernel‐based Virtual Machine with API remoting to enable multiplexing of multiple guest virtual machines (guest VMs) over the underlying OpenCL resources. The framework comprises three major components: (i) an OpenCL library implementation in guest VMs for packing/unpacking OpenCL requests/responses; (ii) a virtual device, called virtio‐CL, that is responsible for the communication between guest VMs and the hypervisor (also called the VM monitor); and (iii) a thread, called CL thread, that is used for the OpenCL API invocation. Although the overhead of the proposed virtualization framework is directly affected by the amount of data to be transferred between the OpenCL host and devices because of the primitive nature of API remoting, experiments demonstrated that our virtualization framework has a small virtualization overhead (mean of 6.8%) for six common device‐intensive OpenCL programs and performs well when the number of guest VMs involved in the system increases. These results indirectly infer that the framework allows for effective resource utilization of OpenCL devices.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of Helical‐Chiral Pyridines as Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Peng Zhili , Takenaka Norito 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT:A new family of chiral pyridines has been designed and synthesized for use in asymmetric organocatalysis. Thus, helical‐chiral pyridines induce high enantioselectivity in a range of mechanistically unrelated, synthetically significant transformations, including Friedel‐Crafts alkylation with nitroalkenes, periselective Diels‐Alder reactions with nitroalkenes, the ring‐opening of epoxides with a chloride nucleophile, and the propargylation of aldehydes.
How (not) to communicate new scientific information: a memoir of the famous Brindley lecture
Authors: Klotz Laurence 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn 1983, at the Urodynamics Society meeting in Las Vegas, Professor G.S. Brindley first announced to the world his experiments on self‐injection with papaverine to induce a penile erection. This was the first time that an effective medical therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) was described, and was a historic development in the management of ED. The way in which this information was first reported was completely unique and memorable, and provides an interesting context for the development of therapies for ED. I was present at this extraordinary lecture, and the details are worth sharing.
Novel virtual hepatectomy is useful for evaluation of the portal territory for anatomical sectionectomy, segmentectomy, and hemihepatectomy
Authors: Ariizumi Shun‐ichi , Takahashi Yutaka , Kotera Yoshihito , Omori Akiko , Yoneda Godai , Mu Han , Katagiri Satoshi , Egawa Hiroto , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe novel technique of virtual hepatectomy is useful for evaluation of the portal territory of the liver, since this software program includes functions for liver surgery planning. We evaluated the accuracy of virtual hepatectomy for anatomical hepatectomy.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2011, 92 patients with liver tumors underwent virtual hepatectomy preoperatively. The predicted liver volume was compared with the actual liver volume among patients who underwent anatomical sectionectomy, segmentectomy, and hemihepatectomy.ResultsNinety of 92 patients underwent anatomical hepatectomy on the basis of virtual hepatectomy. According to the surgical procedure, the predicted liver resection volume showed a strong correlation with the actual liver volume in patients who underwent sectionectomy (r = 0.985, p < 0.0001, n = 44, median error rate 9 %), segmentectomy (r = 0.949, p < 0.0001, n = 17, median error rate 12 %), and hemihepatectomy (r = 0.967, p < 0.0001, n = 29, median error rate 7 %).ConclusionsThe novel technique of virtual hepatectomy is useful for evaluation of the portal territory for anatomical sectionectomy, segmentectomy, and hemihepatectomy.
The endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided rendezvous technique for biliary cannulation: a technical review
Authors: Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Itoi Takao , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Kogure Hirofumi , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSteady progress is being made in endoscopic biliary intervention, especially endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided procedures. The EUS‐guided rendezvous technique (EUS‐RV) is a salvage method for failed selective biliary cannulation. The overall success rate of EUS‐RV in 247 cases from seven published articles was 74 % and the incidence of complications was 11 %. The main cause of failed rendezvous cannulation was difficulty passing a biliary stricture or papilla due to poor guidewire (GW) manipulation. A recent large study found a 98.3 % success rate and superiority to precutting. This report suggested using a hydrophilic guidewire. Major complications were bleeding (0.8 %), bile leakage (1.2 %), peritonitis (0.4 %), pneumoperitoneum (0.2 %), and pancreatitis (1.6 %). The approach routes for EUS‐RV were transgastric, transduodenal short position, and transduodenal long position. The appropriate route for each patient should be used. GW selection for EUS‐RV is critical, and a hydrophilic GW might be the most useful. The catheter can be inserted through the papilla alongside or over the wire. Alongside cannulation is convenient, but difficult. The problem with the over‐the‐wire technique is withdrawal of the GW in the accessory channel. EUS‐RV is effective and safe, but is not established. The efficacy should be confirmed in a prospective comparative trial, and the necessary specialist equipment should be developed.
An analysis of the population genetics of restored Zostera marina plantings in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey
Authors: Campanella James J. , Bologna Paul A. X. , Smalley John V. , Avila Diana N. , Lee Karen N. , Areche Eduardo C. , Slavin Laura J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWithin Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations have declined by 62 % over the last 20 years. To better understand the consequences of this devastation, we have previously employed microsatellite DNA polymorphisms to analyze the population structure of Z.marina within Barnegat Bay, as well as along the eastern United States seaboard. We have restored populations of Z. marina in Barnegat Bay over the last 10 years to help assess the best planting conditions and ecotypes that might be used in long‐term restoration strategies. In this study, we examined the genetic health of the restored populations compared to that of the donor eelgrass populations within the bay. Using microsatellites, we can identify which parental founding ecotypes survived the restoration process over multiple generations. The frequency of observed heterozygotes, although higher than in the natural populations, still indicates reduced levels of diversity and connectivity. The inbreeding frequency is high in the restored populations, but lower than what is seen in the native populations. All restored populations have effective population values >50, suggesting a high probability of survival in the short term.
Protein expression profiles in patients carrying NFU1 mutations. Contribution to the pathophysiology of the disease
Authors: Ferrer‐Cortès Xènia , Font Aida , Bujan Núria , Navarro‐Sastre Aleix , Matalonga Leslie , Arranz José Antonio , Riudor Encarnació , del Toro Mireia , Garcia‐Cazorla Angels , Campistol Jaume , Briones Paz , Ribes Antonia , Tort Frederic 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCofactor disorders of mitochondrial energy metabolism are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a wide variety of clinical symptoms, particular metabolic profiles and variable enzymatic defects. Mutations in NFU1 were recently identified in patients with fatal encephalopathy displaying a biochemical phenotype consistent with defects in lipoic acid‐dependent enzymatic activities and respiratory chain complexes. This discovery highlighted the molecular function of NFU1 as an iron‐sulfur(Fe‐S) cluster protein necessary for lipoic acid biosynthesis and respiratory chain complexes activities. To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease we have characterized the protein expression profiles of patients carrying NFU1 mutations. Fibroblasts from patients with the p.Gly208Cys mutation showed complete absence of protein‐bound lipoic acid and decreased SDHA and SDHB subunits of complex II. In contrast, subunits of other respiratory chain complexes were normal. Protein lipoylation was also decreased in muscle and liver but not in other tissues available (brain, kidney, lung) from NFU1 patients. Although levels of the respiratory chain subunits were unaltered in tissues, BN‐PAGE showed an assembly defect for complex II in muscle, consistent with the low enzymatic activity of this complex. This study provides new insights into the molecular bases of NFU1 disease as well as into the regulation of NFU1 protein in human tissues. We demonstrate a ubiquitous expression of NFU1 protein and further suggest that defects in lipoic acid biosynthesis and complex II are the main molecular signature of this disease, particularly in patients carrying the p.Gly208Cys mutation.
Psychological Correlates of Handedness and Corpus Callosum Asymmetry in Autism: The left Hemisphere Dysfunction Theory Revisited
Authors: Floris Dorothea L. , Chura Lindsay R. , Holt Rosemary J. , Suckling John , Bullmore Edward T. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Spencer Michael D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Rightward cerebral lateralization has been suggested to be involved in the neuropathology of autism spectrum conditions. We investigated functional and neuroanatomical asymmetry, in terms of handedness and corpus callosum measurements in male adolescents with autism, their unaffected siblings and controls, and their associations with executive dysfunction and symptom severity. Adolescents with autism did not differ from controls in functional asymmetry, but neuroanatomically showed the expected pattern of stronger rightward lateralization in the posterior and anterior midbody based on their hand-preference. Measures of symptom severity were related to rightward asymmetry in three subregions (splenium, posterior midbody and rostral body). We found the opposite pattern for the isthmus and rostrum with better cognitive and less severe clinical scores associated with rightward lateralization.
Romantic relationships and adjustment problems in China: The moderating effect of classroom romantic context
Authors: Hou Jinqin , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Zhang Jianxin , Guo Fei , Huang Zheng , Wang Mianbo , Chen Zhiyan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTheoretical and empirical research has shown that adolescent romantic relationships are associated with a wide range of developmental outcomes, including adverse consequences. The present study used a hierarchical linear model to examine the moderating effect of classroom romantic context on the association between adolescent romantic relationships and adjustment problems. Data were collected from 4776 Chinese adolescents across 106 classes and from 47 schools. The participants' ages ranged from 12 to 18 years. The results indicated that romantic involvement and breakups were associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors. Moreover, the association between breakups and depressive symptoms depended on the classroom romantic context. Specifically, we found that adolescents who experienced breakups showed fewer depressive symptoms in classrooms where romantic relationships were common among classmates than in those classrooms where romantic relationships were rare among classmates. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Medication Safety
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Wanzer Linda J. , Denholm Bonnie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMedication errors in the perioperative setting can result in patient morbidity and mortality. The AORN “Recommended practices for medication safety” provide guidance to perioperative nurses in developing, implementing, and evaluating safe medication use practices. These practices include recognizing risk points in the medication use process, collaborating with pharmacy staff members, conducting preoperative assessments and postoperative evaluations (eg, medication reconciliation), and handling hazardous medications and pharmaceutical waste. Strategies for successful implementation of the recommended practices include promoting a basic understanding of the nurse's role in the medication use process and developing a medication management plan as well as policies and procedures that support medication safety and activities to measure compliance with safe practices.
Emergency contraception
Authors: Dunn Sheila , Guilbert Édith , Burnett Margaret , Aggarwal Anjali , Bernardin Jeanne , Clark Virginia , Davis Victoria , Dempster Jeffrey , Fisher William , MacKinnon Karen , Pellizzari Rosana , Polomeno Viola , Rutherford Maegan , Sabourin Jeanelle , Senikas Vyta , Wagner Marie‐Soleil 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review current knowledge about emergency contraception (EC), including available options, their modes of action, efficacy, safety, and the effective provision of EC within a practice setting.OptionsThe combined estradiol‐levonorgestrel (Yuzpe regimen) and the levonorgestrel‐only regimen, as well as post‐coital use of copper intrauterine devices, are reviewed.OutcomesEfficacy in terms of reduction in risk of pregnancy, safety, and side effects of methods for EC and the effect of the means of access to EC on its appropriate use and the use of consistent contraception.EvidenceStudies published in English between January 1998 and March 2010 were retrieved though searches of Medline and the Cochrane Database, using appropriate key words (emergency contraception, post‐coital contraception, emergency contraceptive pills, post‐coital copper IUD). Clinical guidelines and position papers developed by health or family planning organizations were also reviewed.ValuesThe studies reviewed were classified according to criteria described by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, and the recommendations for practice were ranked according to this classification (Table 1).Benefits, Harms, and CostsThese guidelines are intended to help reduce unintended pregnancies by increasing awareness and appropriate use of EC.SponsorThe Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada.
Modeling sound transmission of human middle ear and its clinical applications using finite element analysis
Authors: Chen Shou‐I , Lee Ming‐Hsiao , Yao Chih‐Min , Chen Peir‐Rong , Chou Yuan‐Fang , Liu Tien‐Chen , Song Yu‐Lin , Lee Chia‐Fone 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have developed a new finite element (FE) model of human right ear, including the accurate geometry of middle ear ossicles, external ear canal, tympanic cavity, and mastoid cavity. The FE model would be suitable to study the dynamic behaviors of pathological middle ear conditions, including changes of stapedial ligament stiffness, tensor tympani ligament (TTL), and tympanic membrane (TM) stiffness and thickness. Increasing stiffness of stapedial ligament has substantial effect on stapes footplate movement, especially at low frequencies, but less effect on umbo movement. Softer TTL will result in increasing umbo and stapes footplate displacement, especially at low frequencies (f < 1000 Hz). When the TTL was detached, the vibration amplitude of umbo increased by 6 dB at 600 Hz and two peaks (300 and 600 Hz) were found in the vibration amplitude of stapes footplate. Increasing the stiffness of tensor tympani resulted in a slightly decreased umbo amplitude at very low frequencies (f < 500 Hz) and significantly decreased displacement up to 12 dB at middle frequencies (1000 Hz < f < 4000 Hz). However, the amplitude change of stapes footplate is very sensitive to the TTL stiffness, especially at low frequency (f < 1000 Hz). The increased stiffness of TM resulted in reduced umbo and stapes footplate displacement at frequencies <1500 Hz and increased displacement at frequencies >1500 Hz. As (TM) thickness was increased, the umbo displacement was reduced, especially at very low frequencies (f < 600 Hz). Otherwise, the stapes displacement was reduced at all frequencies.
An unusual case with myotonia
Authors: Da Yu‐Wei , Wang Min , Li Yun , Lu Yan , Jia Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report an unusual case involving a patient with myotonia. A 57‐year‐old man had multisystemic symptoms including skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy and percussion myotonia, cataract, heart involved, gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and urinary incontinence. The electromyography revealed myotonic discharges. Muscle biopsy showed myopathic features and a striking number of ring fibers. It was genetically proven that the case was not myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) or 2 (DM2). The case might be DM3 or an unusual case of unclassified myopathy with multisystemic damage.
Cosmogenic3He age estimates of Plio-Pleistocene alluvial-fan surfaces in the Lower Colorado River Corridor, Arizona, USA
Authors: Fenton Cassandra R. , Pelletier Jon D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlio-Pleistocene deposits of the Lower Colorado River (LCR) and tributary alluvial fans emanating from the Black Mountains near Golden Shores, Arizona record six cycles of Late Cenozoic aggradation and incision of the LCR and its adjacent alluvial fans. Cosmogenic3He (3Hec) ages of basalt boulders on fan terraces yield age ranges of: 3.3–2.2 Ma, 2.2–1.1 Ma, 1.1 Ma to 110 ka, < 350 ka, < 150 ka, and < 63 ka. T1 and Q1 fans are especially significant, because they overlie Bullhead Alluvium, i.e. the first alluvial deposit of the LCR since its inception ca. 4.2 Ma.3Hecdata suggest that the LCR began downcutting into the Bullhead Alluvium as early as 3.3 Ma and as late as 2.2 Ma. Younger Q2a to Q4 fans very broadly correlate in number and age with alluvial terraces elsewhere in the southwestern USA. Large uncertainties in3Hecages preclude a temporal link between the genesis of the Black Mountain fans and specific climate transitions. Fan-terrace morphology and the absence of significant Plio-Quaternary faulting in the area, however, indicate regional, episodic increases in sediment supply, and that climate change has possibly played a role in Late Cenozoic piedmont and valley-floor aggradation in the LCR valley.
TOWARDS A REGIME CHANGE IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SEED SUPPLY SYSTEM IN CHINA
Authors: LI JINGSONG , JIGGINS JANICE , VAN BUEREN EDITH T. LAMMERTS , LEEUWIS CEES 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper explores changes in the organization of seed supply in China over the last decade by means of a multi-level institutional analysis. At the landscape level, the implications for China of the regulation of plant genetic resources through various international treaties and conventions are reviewed in the light of the evolution of the global seed industry. At the regime level, the transition in the Chinese context to market-based seed supply and the development of commercial and public seed sectors are examined. The study then analyses trends in seed supply at the niche level, with reference to participatory maize (Zea mays L.) breeding in three provinces in southwest China where high rural poverty persists. This work offers radical novelty in variety development and seed provision on behalf of smallholder farmers. However, a series of technical, organizational and market ‘mismatches’ are demonstrated within the existing seed regime. The participatory work emphasizes breeding for diverse cultivars adapted to specific ecosystems but these are prevented from reaching commercial markets by existing varietal testing procedures. Participatory breeding has potential to address farmers’ varietal needs as agriculture modernises and to support the public function of research institutes, but within mainstream intellectual property regimes the public value of participatory breeding cannot be accommodated adequately. Yet, when coupled to institutional innovations for recognising intellectual property and sharing benefit among all those who contribute, participatory breeding may initiate a powerful dynamics for change within seed regimes and a sui generis seed system suited to the Chinese context.
Testing the statistical learning of spelling patterns by manipulating semantic and orthographic frequency
Authors: DEACON S. HÉLÈNE , LEUNG DILYS 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study tested the diverging predictions of recent theories of children's learning of spelling regularities. We asked younger (Grades 1 and 2) and older (Grades 3 and 4) elementary school–aged children to choose the correct endings for words that varied in their morphological structure. We tested the impacts of semantic frequency by including three types of words ending in -er: derived and inflected forms, the first of which are far more frequent across the language, and one-morpheme control forms. Both younger and older children were more likely to choose the correct ending for derived forms over one-morpheme control words. This difference emerged for inflected forms only for the older children. We also tested the impacts of orthographic frequency by contrasting performance on the two derived allomorphs -er and -or, the first of which is far more frequent, and comparison one-morpheme forms. Both younger and older children were more likely to choose the correct spelling for the derivational -er over the same letter pattern in control words. This difference did not emerge in either group for the -or ending. The implications of these findings for current models of children's spelling development are discussed.