bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using irregular ranger patrols to quantify elephant occupancy in non‐protected and community‐modified landscapes
Authors: Muthiuru A. C. , Muruthi P. M. , Kimitei K. K. , Moore J. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile wildlife management efforts have primarily focused on protected areas, unprotected areas – including community‐owned lands – are becoming increasingly important as habitat linkages and dispersal areas between multiple protected areas for species and processes that sustain them. However, these unprotected areas and community lands often lack structured protection measures and face numerous threats to both species and habitats. Involvement of local communities in the management of these areas through community‐led strategies can enhance safety for both people and wildlife, thereby promoting coexistence. To examine the effectiveness of community‐led strategies for managing wildlife outside protected areas, we fit multi‐season occupancy models on African elephant (Loxodonta africana) sightings data collected by volunteer Village Game Scouts (VGS) while on irregular and demand‐driven patrols within Mwanga district in Northern Tanzania. Patrol data were processed using the Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool (SMART). We estimated elephant probability of occupancy, detection, colonization and extinction, identifying key elephant dispersal areas in the community‐modified areas within the district. Our results indicate that proximity to Tsavo West National Park and the availability of seasonal water sources positively influenced the probability of elephant colonization. In contrast, the proportion of built‐up and farmed areas, and distance to permanent water sources, negatively influenced the probability of colonization. The number of scout patrols did not significantly influence the probability of elephant colonization or extinction, and elephant occupancy remained relatively stable during the study period. Our study highlights the complementary role of non‐protected areas in maintaining populations of endangered species such as elephants. We demonstrate that structured, volunteer community‐led strategies coupled with effective communication with authorities, can be used to monitor wildlife spatial distribution and identify factors influencing their distribution in non‐protected areas. We recommend community‐led protection measures for corridors and dispersal areas, as well as transboundary collaboration to maintain landscape connectivity for endangered species such as elephants.
Other causes of neurocognitive impairment than covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) are very frequent, either alone or associated with CHE, in cirrhotic patients with cognitive complaints
Authors: Sultanik Philippe , Kheloufi Lyes , Leproux Apolline , Bouzbib Charlotte , Mouri Sarah , Santiago Antoine , Galanaud Damien , Navarro Vincent , Sakka Mehdi , Rudler Marika , Weiss Nicolas , Thabut Dominique 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackground/AimsAlthough it is well admitted that cirrhotic patients display various causes of neurocognitive impairment (NI) hampering the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE), those are almost never investigated per se. The aims of this study were, in cirrhotic patients displaying cognitive complaints explored by a complete multimodal work‐up, to assess: (1) the prevalence of CHE and/or that of other causes of NI and (2) their outcomes, according to the cause of NI.MethodsProspective cohort of cirrhotic patients referred in a dedicated clinic because of cognitive complaints. Work‐up included a complete neuropsychological assessment, electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging with spectroscopy. The diagnosis of CHE was made by an adjudication committee involving the physicians/neuropsychologist.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐three patients were included (alcohol/MASLD/virus in 63/53/14%, MELD = 11). Sixty‐six per cent of them were diagnosed with CHE; among them, 73% exhibited also other causes of NI, mainly cerebrovascular diseases/psychiatric. Among patients without CHE, 48% and 59% displayed pathological Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and animal naming test, respectively. Clinical improvement was observed in 77% of the patients re‐evaluated after specific management. CHE, but not the other causes of NI, was independently associated with OHE occurrence.ConclusionOther causes of NI than CHE are frequent in patients with cirrhosis, and not ruled‐out by the classical tests dedicated to CHE. Prognosis was influenced by the cause of NI. The management of patients even without CHE led to clinical improvement, underlining the need for a multifaceted approach of cirrhotic patients with cognitive complaints.
Guiding sustainable growth: The interplay between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Yousaf Umair Bin , Umar Muhammad , Ali Syed Tauseef , Gaoliang Tian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmidst growing calls for environmentally sustainable practices, this study delves into the nuanced relationship between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation. Departing from surface‐level examinations, we propose that managerial ability serves as the link between CEO trustworthiness and green innovation initiatives. Moreover, we contend that the influence of CEO trustworthiness on managerial ability is accentuated under specific contextual conditions including higher social capital, crisis situations, and state‐owned firms. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of Chinese firms over 12 years, this study provides robust support for these propositions. Our findings not only offer insights into the essential traits that CEOs should possess to foster competitiveness but also shed light on their role in driving sustainable innovation. By illuminating the intricate dynamics between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation, our research contributes significantly to the literature offering novel perspectives and enriching the understanding of sustainable development strategies in organizational contexts.
The plant‐level view of Korea's growth miracle and slowdown
Authors: Lee Munseob , Shin Yongseok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe analyze the evolution of the plant size distribution, static allocative efficiency and business dynamism of the Korean manufacturing sector during its growth miracle (1967–2000) and the subsequent slowdown since 2000. The average plant size has an inverse‐U pattern over time, with a peak in the late 1970s. The measure of static misallocation decreases modestly until 1983 but increases substantially afterwards. These results are at odds with what one may extrapolate from the existing cross‐country evidence on the positive relationship between plant size and economic development or the negative one between static misallocation and development. We also find that the growth rate of manufacturing productivity is not systematically correlated with either the level or the rate of change of the average plant size or static misallocation. On the other hand, business dynamism, measured by either churning or responsiveness to shocks, diminished significantly since 2000, coinciding with the decline in the growth rate of manufacturing productivity. Our findings call for more systematic research on how economic performance correlates with establishment/firm size distribution and with static and dynamic allocative efficiency.
Think regionally, act locally: Perspectives on co‐design of spatial conservation prioritization tools and why end‐user engagement altered our approach
Authors: Van Lanen Nicholas J. , Shyvers Jessica E. , Tarbox Bryan C. , Monroe Adrian P. , Anderson Patrick J. , Jones Daniel K. , Dahm Katharine G. , Aldridge Cameron L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoproduction represents an inclusive approach for developing decision‐support resources because it seeks to integrate scientific knowledge and end‐user needs. Unfortunately, spatial decision support systems (SDSS) coproduction has sometimes resulted in limited utility for end‐users, partially due to scarce SDSS coproduction guidance. To initiate coproduction, we held a series of workshops to co‐design a spatial conservation prioritization tool for sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States. We share four themes derived from participant feedback and our reflections to guide future SDSS codesign efforts. We found end‐user confidence in data inputs and transparency regarding SDSS assumptions generated trust. Workshop participants noted our virtual format, with smaller break‐out groups, effectively facilitated discussions. Ultimately, end‐users appreciated the conservation context provided by regional‐scale SDSS but preferred local‐scale prioritization efforts for site‐level planning. Therefore, we are shifting ongoing co‐design efforts to consider local‐scale tool development, which can scale up to larger geographic extents.
Immunophenotyping and viral studies in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta lesions
Authors: Mishlab Salih , Avitan‐Hersh Emily , Zohar Yaniv , Szwarcwort‐Cohen Moran , Bergman Reuven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying pathogenesis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) remains unclear, although immunologic injury and viral etiology have been suggested.ObjectiveTo evaluate and expand the immunophenotype of PLEVA and to search for possible viral pathogens.MethodsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of 20 patients with PLEVA and 9 patients with common inflammatory dermatoses (ID) were studied for immunophenotyping and for human herpesvirus (HHV) 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV‐8, parvovirus B19, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) immunohistochemistry. The presence of HHV‐6, HHV‐7, and enteroviruses was assayed molecularly.ResultsThe numbers of CD8+ T cells and T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 (TIA‐1)+ cells were statistically significantly higher in PLEVA compared to the ID group. Immunohistochemistry for human HHV‐1 and HHV‐2, CMV and HHV‐8, parvovirus B19, and in situ hybridization for EBV were all negative. There was molecular evidence for HHV‐7 in only one PLEVA case (5%). Molecular studies for HHV‐6 and enterovirus involvement were negative in all the PLEVA specimens.ConclusionsThe predominant T‐cell infiltrate in PLEVA is dominated by CD8+ cells, and by increased numbers of TIA1+ cells, which may indicate a cytotoxic T‐cell damage to the epidermis. Viral presence was not detected.
Spinal histamine H4 receptor mediates chronic pruritus via p‐ERK in acetone–ether–water (AEW)‐induced dry skin mice
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Li Zi‐Yang , Hu Dan‐Dan , Xu Xian‐Yun , Song Ning‐Jing , Li Gang‐Qiang , Zhang Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDry skin is common to many pruritic diseases and is difficult to improve with oral traditional antihistamines. Recently, increasing evidence indicated that histamine H4 receptor (H4R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pruritus. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation activation in the spinal cord mediates histamine‐induced acute and choric itch. However, whether the histamine H4 receptor regulates ERK activation in the dry skin itch remains unclear. In the study, we explore the role of the histamine H4 receptor and p‐ERK in the spinal cord in a dry skin mouse model induced by acetone–ether–water (AEW). q‐PCR, Western blot, pharmacology and immunofluorescence were applied in the study. We established a dry skin itch model by repeated application of AEW on the nape of neck in mice. The AEW mice showed typically dry skin histological change and persistent spontaneous scratching behaviour. Histamine H4 receptor, instead of histamine H1 receptor, mediated spontaneous scratching behaviour in AEW mice. Moreover, c‐Fos and p‐ERK expression in the spinal cord neurons were increased and co‐labelled with GRPR‐positive neurons in AEW mice. Furthermore, H4R agonist 4‐methyhistamine dihydrochloride (4‐MH)induced itch. Both 4‐MH‐induced itch and the spontaneous itch in AEW mice were blocked by p‐ERK inhibitor U0126. Finally, intrathecal H4R receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibited spinal p‐ERK expression in AEW mice. Our results indicated that spinal H4R mediates itch via ERK activation in the AEW‐induced dry skin mice.
Pulmonary interstitial lesions in pemphigus mouse model: Verifying pemphigus may not be only limited to skin and mucosa
Authors: Tang Chang , Wang Lanting , Liu Qingmei , Chen Zihua , Yang Jin , Gao Haiqing , Guan Chenggong , He Shan , Zhang Luyao , Zheng Shenyuan , Yang Fanping , Chen Shengan , Ma Li , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Ying , Wang Jiucun , Luo Xiaoqun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) has been identified as a prevalent complication and significant contributor to mortality in individuals with pemphigus. In this study, a murine model of pemphigus was developed through the subcutaneous administration of serum IgG obtained from pemphigus patients, allowing for an investigation into the association between pemphigus and ILD. Pulmonary interstitial lesions were identified in the lungs of a pemphigus mouse model through histopathology, RT‐qPCR and Sircol assay analyses. The severity of these lesions was found to be positively associated with the concentration of IgG in the injected serum. Additionally, DIF staining revealed the deposition of serum IgG in the lung tissue of pemphigus mice, indicating that the subcutaneous administration of human IgG directly impacted the lung tissue of the mice, resulting in damage. This study confirms the presence of pulmonary interstitial lesions in the pemphigus mouse model and establishes a link between pemphigus and ILD.
“Wie alles sich zum Ganzen webt, / Eins in dem andern wirkt und lebt!”: Goethe's Faust I as aesthetic experiment
Authors: Helfer Martha B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGoethe's Faust I stages an aesthetic experiment akin to the theoretical program of Schiller's Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen: an education of the senses through art, an aesthetic education, in both meanings of the word. The play self‐reflexively presents itself as presenting a new aesthetic: a new sensory experience and a new type of art that shares conceptual affinities with the negative representation of the Kantian sublime. Focusing on the weaving metaphors that recur throughout the play, this article argues that the text comprises a negative representation, an aesthetic solution to Faust's quest for knowledge of the Absolute.
Species traits to guide moth conservation in anthropogenic regions: A multi‐species approach using distribution trends in Flanders (northern Belgium)
Authors: Maes Dirk , Langeraert Ward , Onkelinx Thierry , Van Calster Hans , Veraghtert Wim , Merckx Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Insect abundance and diversity appear to decline rapidly in recent decades, garnering significant media attention, and hence raising public awareness.
Macro‐moths—a species‐rich and ecologically diverse insect group—face severe declines, particularly in urbanised and intensively farmed areas in NW Europe.
Flanders is a highly anthropogenic region, serving as a case study where the impact on macro‐moths of stressors like intensive agriculture, industrialisation and urbanisation has been quantified through a recently compiled Red List. Here, for 717 macro‐moth species, we calculated relative changes in distribution area between a reference period (1980–2012) and the subsequent period (2013–2022). By correlating these species‐specific trends with 10 key ecological and life history traits, we calculated more general Multi‐Species Change Indices (MSCIs).
These MSCIs showed that species associated with wet biotopes and heathlands declined on average by 20%–25%, while (sub)urban species increased by more than 60%. Species feeding on lichens or mosses increased by 31%, while grass‐feeding species decreased by 20%. Both very small (+34%) and very large species (+15%) increased, whereas medium‐sized species decreased by 5%. Monophagous (+17%), migrant (+88%) and colour‐invariable species (+5%) increased, while colour‐variable species decreased (−8%). Finally, Holarctic (−21%) and Palaearctic species (−5%) decreased, while Mediterranean (+27%) and Western‐Palaearctic species (+9%) increased.
Our trait‐based approach identifies key threats and mitigation strategies for moths in anthropogenic regions, offering evidence‐based insights for crafting efficient management recommendations and informed conservation policies to safeguard moth communities.
Long‐term prognosis for teeth with external cervical resorption based on periapical images and cone beam CT: A clinical study
Authors: Suhr Villefrance Julie , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Wenzel Ann , Væth Michael , Matzen Louise Hauge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether supplemental information from CBCT changed long‐term prognosis for teeth with external cervical resorption (ECR) compared to periapical (PA) images. Furthermore, to assess predictive findings in PA images and evaluate which findings in CBCT affected the long‐term prognosis of teeth with ECR.MethodologyOne hundred and ninty‐four patients, mean age 41.2, range 13–81, having 244 teeth with ECR were included. An initial long‐term prognosis determined either good or poor was established based on intraoral images. Afterwards, the patients underwent CBCT, and final long‐term prognosis was decided. From the PA images and CBCT, ECR using Heithersay's classification system, pulp involvement and extension of ECR was assessed. In CBCT, the number of surface lesion(s) was additionally assessed. Descriptive statistics evaluated changes in long‐term prognosis after CBCT. Logistic regression analyses tested if findings in PA images and CBCT affected the long‐term prognosis.ResultsBased on CBCT, out of 244 teeth the long‐term prognosis was assessed to be poor for 173 (70.9%) teeth and good for 71 (29.1%) teeth. The long‐term prognosis changed in 76 (31.1%) teeth after CBCT; 5 (2.0%) changed from poor to good, and 71 (29%) changed from good to poor long‐term prognosis. In 81 (33.2%) teeth the H‐class increased, and in 10 (4.1%) teeth the H‐class decreased after assessing CBCT. In 70 (28.7%) teeth, there was a change from no pulp involvement to involvement of the pulp after CBCT; eight (3.3%) teeth changed in the opposite direction. H‐class 2 and 4 in PA images significantly increased the probability for a change in long‐term prognosis compared to an H‐class 3 (p < .05). H‐class 4, pulp involvement, ECR in the oral 1/3 of the root, and more than two surface lesions seen in CBCT significantly influenced a poor long‐term prognosis (p < .05).ConclusionsSupplemental information from CBCT changed long‐term prognosis in almost one third of teeth with ECR. In most cases, the long‐term prognosis changed from good to poor. H‐class 3 in PA images had a significant influence on change in long‐term prognosis. Several findings in CBCT influenced a poor long‐term prognosis.
Technical vocabulary in government spoken communications: The team of five million in bubbles, PPE and CBACs
Authors: Rossiter Timothy , Coxhead Averil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe New Zealand government delivered regular 1 p.m. televised COVID‐19 briefings from March 2020. These events had a crucial communicative function and were usually headed by top government and medical officials. This study focuses on technical vocabulary in a corpus made up of these briefings, including single words (grouped into technical word families) and acronyms (e.g., bubble and PPE) as well as the most frequent two to five‐word multiword units (MWUs; e.g., case numbers, genomic sequencing, and chains of transmission) containing at least one technical single‐word family member. The corpus consists of 20 prepared speeches: 10 each in 2020 and 2021 by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Director‐General of Health Dr. Ashley Bloomfield (50,782 tokens). The results showed that 6.02% of the single‐word families (e.g., outbreak(‐s), contact(‐s/‐less)) in the texts were technical, which may present a challenge for comprehension. Unsurprisingly, the Director‐General of Health used more technical vocabulary than the Prime Minister. The top 20 MWUs containing technical vocabulary were identified in the corpus. Most were two‐word collocations (e.g., negative test, testing centre/s, and number of tests). Implications for identifying and dealing with technical vocabulary in both government communications and language education are discussed.
Effect of microwave roasting on chemical and bioactive compounds of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) kernels
Authors: Younis Mahmoud , Ahmed Isam Ali Mohamed , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Albakry Zainab 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn the present study, the effect of microwave roasting on the total phenolic quantities, antioxidant activities, phenolic constituents, fatty acids and tocopherol amounts of the pistachio kernel and oil was revealed. The moisture, oil, total phenolic amounts and antioxidant capacity value of raw and roasted pistachio nuts were assessed as 31.13%, 28.58%, 34.79 mgGAE/100 g and 0.75%–3.18%, 56.91%, 18.80 mgGAE/100 g and 2.26%, respectively. The raw pistachio nut contains 1.90 gallic acid, 0.22 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 0.87 (+)‐catechin, 0.15 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, 0.15 rutin trihydrate, 0.16 resveratrol, 0.1 quercetin, 0.19 kaempferol and 0.24 mg/100 g isorhamnetin. In addition, microwave‐roasted nuts contained 0.75 gallic acid, 0.62 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 0.83 (+)‐catechin, 0.47 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, 0.21 syringic acid, 0.17 caffeic acid and 0.17 mg/100 g quercetin. The raw and roasted pistachio nut oils contained 74.12% and 71.16% oleic, 13.76% and 15.23% linoleic, 8.16% and 8.92% palmitic and 2.09% and 2.10% stearic acids, respectively. The oil samples of the raw and roasted kernels contained 8.15 and 0.00 α‐tocopherol, 63.78 and 7.60 β‐tocopherol, 8.72 and 7.40 ɣ‐tocopherol and 5.61 and 6.77 mg g−1 δ‐tocopherols, respectively. The total phenolic quantity of the pistachio kernel roasted by microwave decreased significantly. Phenolic compounds of the pistachio kernel showed partial differences depending on microwave heating. Differences were monitored in the fatty acid profiles of Pistachio kernel oils. β‐tocopherol quantity of the oil of the pistachio kernel heated by microwave significantly decreased.
Effect of psyllium powder on the organoleptic properties of gluten‐free bread roll: application Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method
Authors: Hastaoğlu Emre , Göksel Saraç Meryem , Taşçi Şefahat , Can Özlem Pelin 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDue to their gluten‐free dietary needs, celiac patients cannot find bread with the required texture characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of psyllium powder in the production of rice‐based, gluten‐free bread rolls. In this case, five different bread rolls were produced by adding different proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of psyllium powder combinations to bread dough made with rice flour. Moisture and ash content, colour values, volume, symmetry and uniformity indices, textural properties and sensory properties were taken into consideration. It was observed that the addition of psyllium powder gave the bread rolls a spongy structure and decreased the hardness values. As the amount of psyllium powder in the dough formulation increased, darkening in colour and increase in moisture values were observed. In addition, the bread sample psyllium powder and rice flour ratios (1:1) had the largest volume index value (98.67 mm), while the same product received the highest score in SAW techniques.