bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy in Italian medical students
Authors: Leombruni Paolo , Di Lillo Mariangela , Miniotti Marco , Picardi Angelo , Alessandri Guido , Chiara Sica Chiara , Zizzi Francesca , Castelli Lorys , Torta Riccardo 
Published: August 2014

Medical educators agree that empathy is essential for physicians’ professionalism and most studies on the patient-physician relationship demonstrate that this attitude has a key role in improving clinical outcomes. Literature findings show conflicting views in defining and measuring empathy. Nevertheless, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is a psychometric tool now widely used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine psychometrics and confirm factor structure of the Italian version of the JSE in Italian medical students (JSE S-Version). During 2012, 257 second-year Italian medical students completed the JSE S-Version. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure. The Italian JSE S-Version showed an acceptable internal consistency (r = 0.76) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.72). Confirmatory factor analysis found that the factor structure proposed by the developers of the tool provides an acceptable data fit. In this sample, female medical students showed a higher mean empathy score than did males. The present study provides evidence confirming the structural validity and reliability for the Italian JSE S-Version. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore cross-cultural differences and their implications.
Orbit growth for algebraic flip systems
Authors: MILES RICHARD 
Published: August 2014

An algebraic flip system is an action of the infinite dihedral group by automorphisms of a compact abelian group $X$. In this paper, a fundamental structure theorem is established for irreducible algebraic flip systems, that is, systems for which the only closed invariant subgroups of $X$ are finite. Using irreducible systems as a foundation, for expansive algebraic flip systems, periodic point counting estimates are obtained that lead to the orbit growth estimate $$\begin{eqnarray}Ae^{hN}\leqslant {\it\pi}(N)\leqslant Be^{hN},\end{eqnarray}$$ where ${\it\pi}(N)$ denotes the number of orbits of length at most $N$, $A$ and $B$ are positive constants and $h$ is the topological entropy.
Corporate performance drivers in vertical downstream alliance portfolios: The Korean defense industry
Authors: Kim Ho-Sung , Choi Sun-Young 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, we examine the impact of portfolio configuration on corporate performance in a technological vertical downstream alliance portfolio. First, we explore whether differences in characteristics such as innovativeness, reputation, and bargaining power between a focal firm and its partners affect corporate performance. Second, considering these differences between a focal firm and its partners, we analyze whether an alliance portfolio structure spanning structural holes or a densely embedded network is preferable. We examine 44 leading Korean defense firms over the period 1995–2010 using the two-step generalized method of moments. Our principal arguments emphasize that differences between a focal firm and its partners (in terms of innovativeness, reputation, and bargaining power) affect corporate performance differently. This concept contrasts that of previous studies, which argued that allying with dominant partners is generally better. The arguments also emphasize that the alliance portfolio structure should differ depending on the differences in terms of the three capabilities between a focal firm and its corporate partners.
Strategic collaboration of R&D entities for technology convergence: Exploring organizational differences within the triple helix
Authors: Jeong Seongkyoon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBased on a contextual framework of the organizational differences between types of research and development entities, this study examines how organizational contexts affect the advent of technology convergence. It demonstrates the effects of research and development entity types and alliances using the multi-assignation analysis of technology domains and rich data on government-supported research and development programs in South Korea. The findings show that technology convergence is likely to occur when a university develops technology alone or in collaboration with another research and development actor. These results reflect the important role of incentive structure and collaboration strategies in increasing the development of converging technologies.
Making strategy work: The role of the middle manager
Authors: Jansen Van Rensburg Mari , Davis Annemarie , Venter Peet 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn recognition of middle managers as influential strategists we collected 654 responses from South African middle managers detailing their spontaneous and unguided descriptions of their strategic roles in the organisation they represent. The results show that middle managers generally associate their strategic role strongly with the traditional perspectives on the roles as implementers of strategies and communicators linking their subordinates and higher levels of management. We add the roles of ‘advocacy’ and ‘improving operational performance’ to the conventional elements of strategy implementation, and the roles of ‘managing performance’ and ‘driving compliance’ to the role of downward influence. Focus group discussions contextualised and authenticated these roles within the South African private and public sectors.
Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular and total mortality in Japanese: a 29-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80
Authors: Nakamura Yasuyuki , Okuda Nagako , Okamura Tomonori , Kadota Aya , Miyagawa Naoko , Hayakawa Takehito , Kita Yoshikuni , Fujiyoshi Akira , Nagai Masato , Takashima Naoyuki , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Miura Katsuyuki , Okayama Akira , Ueshima Hirotsugu ,   for the NIPPON DATA Research Group
Published: August 2014

Long-term safety of consuming low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) in Asian populations, whose carbohydrate intake is relatively high, is not known. In the present study, the association of LCD with CVD and total mortality was assessed using data obtained in the NIPPON DATA80 (National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged 1980) during 29 years of follow-up. At baseline in 1980, data were collected from study participants aged ≥ 30 years from randomly selected areas in Japan. LCD scores were calculated based on the percentage of energy as carbohydrate, fat and protein, estimated by 3 d weighed food records. A total of 9200 participants (56 % women, mean age 51 years) were followed up. During the follow-up, 1171 CVD deaths (52 % in women) and 3443 total deaths (48 % in women) occurred. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD mortality using the Cox model comparing the highest v. lowest deciles of LCD score was 0·60 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·94; Ptrend= 0·021) for women and 0·78 (95 % CI 0·58, 1·05; Ptrend= 0·079) for women and men combined; the HR for total mortality was 0·74 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·95; Ptrend= 0·029) for women and 0·87 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·02; Ptrend= 0·090) for women and men combined. None of the associations was statistically significant in men. No differential effects of animal-based and plant–fish-based LCD were observed. In conclusions, moderate diets lower in carbohydrate and higher in protein and fat are significantly inversely associated with CVD and total mortality in women.
Canadian Public Opinion about the Military: Assessing the Influences on Attitudes toward Defence Spending and Participation in Overseas Combat Operations
Authors: Fitzsimmons Scott , Craigie Allan , Bodet Marc André 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite more than a decade of heightened defence spending and active fighting in the War in Afghanistan, the longest combat operation in the history of the Canadian Forces, scholars know precious little about how the socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes of Canadians may influence their views about taking part in overseas combat operations and funding the institution charged with carrying out these dangerous activities. By testing a range of hypotheses, which purport to explain the influence of multiple socio-demographic and attitudinal factors on Canadians' attitudes toward defence spending and the participation of the Canadian Forces in overseas combat operations, against data from the 2004 and 2011 Canadian Election Study, this article ascertains the most important determinants of Canadians' preferences about defence spending and the use of military force by the Government of Canada.
High fungal selectivity for algal symbionts in the genusBryoria
Authors: LINDGREN Hanna , VELMALA Saara , HÖGNABBA Filip , GOWARD Trevor , HOLIEN Håkon , MYLLYS Leena 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study we examined photobiont identity, diversity and selectivity in the genusBryoria. We focused onB. fremontiiand sectionImplexaein order to determine whether secondary chemistry is correlated with photobiont identity. DNA from two loci for photobionts and three loci for mycobionts was sequenced for both parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. A comparison of photobiont and mycobiont phylogenies reveals that mostBryoriaspecies associate exclusively with lineages of theTrebouxia simplexgroup; onlyB. smithiiwas associated with a different photobiont. We conclude that mostBryoriaspecies included in our study are highly selective in their choice of algal partners and that the presence/concentration of different secondary compounds does not correlate with photobiont identity either in sectionImplexaeor inB. fremontii.
Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth
Authors: Adriaanse M. , van Domburgh L. , Hoek H. W. , Susser E. , Doreleijers T. A. H. , Veling W. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe risk for psychotic disorders is increased for many ethnic minority groups and may develop in early childhood. This study investigated whether the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE) with high impact is higher among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth and examined the significance of these PE.MethodA school-based study assessed a large community sample of 1545 ethnic minority and majority children in The Netherlands (mean age 12.98 ± 1.81 years). The Dutch (n = 702, 45.4%), Moroccan-Dutch (n = 400, 25.9%) and Turkish-Dutch (n = 170, 11.0%) ethnic groups could be studied separately. Self-report questionnaires on PE, impact and cultural context were administered.ResultsPrevalence of PE with high impact was 3.1% in Dutch, 9.5% in Moroccan-Dutch and 7.1% in Turkish-Dutch youth. Compared to Dutch youth, odds ratios were 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–5.1] for Moroccan-Dutch youth and 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) for Turkish-Dutch youth. Differences were not explained by cultural or religious differences.ConclusionsThe increased risk for psychotic disorders in ethnic minorities may already be detectable in childhood, since PE with high impact were more common among ethnic minority youth compared to majority youth. The additional measurement of impact of PE appears to be a valid approach to identify those children at risk to develop psychotic or other more common psychiatric disorders.
Robotics Agent Coacher for CP motor Function (RAC CP Fun)
Authors: Fridin Marina , Belokopytov Mark 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYRobotics Agent Coacher for Cerebral Palsy motor Function (RAC CP Fun) is an attempt to implement socially assistive robotics, and a motor learning approach in rehabilitating movement disorders with a central origin. The concept and architecture of RAC CP Fun implements the motor learning theory and behavioral approach, i.e. principles of repetition, stages of learning, appropriate feedback, random practice, and enriched environments. Eleven children with cerebral palsy (CP) and fourteen typically developed (TD) children participated in two procedures while interacting with a robot and performing motor exercises. The interaction level and motor performance of children were measured and compared. Children with CP exhibited a higher interaction level; however, their motor performance was lower than that of TD children. RAC CP Fun was found to be feasible to interact with children of pre-school age, to augment the motivation of the children with CP, and to involve the children in motor exercises.
Implementation of Mental Health Huddles on Dementia Care Units
Authors: Wagner Laura M. , Huijbregts Maria , Sokoloff Lisa G. , Wisniewski Renee , Walsh Leenah , Feldman Sid , Conn David K. 
Published: August 2014

RÉSUMÉLes comportements réactifs sont communs chez les résidents des unités de soins de longue durée (SLD), mais le personnel en soins directs reçoit peu de formation, de support ou d’opportunités de discuter et de collaborer pour gérer ces comportements. Pour ce projet de recherche-action participative, nous avons utilisé la technique du caucus de santé mentale pour faciliter la discussion et la gestion des comportements réactifs. Nous avons impliqué des membres du personnel en soins directs (p. ex., travailleurs de soutien personnel, infirmières autorisées et auxiliaires autorisées, personnel d’entretient) dans l’apprentissage de l’utilisation des caucus. Ces caucus ont servi de forums pour informer le personnel, résoudre des problèmes et développer des plans d’action centrés sur le client. Cinquante-six caucus ont eu lieu sur une période de 12 semaines, chacun impliquant de deux à sept membres du personnel en soins directs. Des groupes de discussion auxquels ont pris part nos participants ont indiqué une amélioration de la collaboration, du travail d’équipe, du support et de la communication au sein du personnel lors de la discussion de comportements réactifs spécifiques. Les caucus de santé mentale ont offert au personnel en SLD l’opportunité de collaborer et d’aborder des stratégies pour optimiser les soins du client. Des études supplémentaires sur l’impact des caucus sur les soins du client sont nécessaires.
Correlates of self-reported dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate from two cohorts in China
Authors: Vogtmann Emily , Yang Gong , Li Hong-Lan , Wang Jing , Han Li-Hua , Wu Qi-Jun , Xie Li , Cai Quiyin , Li Guo-Liang , Waterbor John W , Levitan Emily B , Zhang Bin , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei , Xiang Yong-Bing , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess correlations between cruciferous vegetable intake and urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) level, in addition to glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes and other individual factors.DesignThe study included cohort participants whose urinary ITC levels had been previously ascertained. Urinary ITC was assessed using HPLC. Usual dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables was assessed using a validated FFQ and total dietary ITC intake was calculated. Recent cruciferous vegetable intake was determined. GST genotypes were assessed using duplex real-time quantitative PCR assays. Spearman correlations were calculated between the covariates and urinary ITC levels and linear regression analyses were used to calculate the mean urinary ITC excretion according to GST genotype.SettingUrban city in China.SubjectsThe study included 3589 women and 1015 men from the Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies.ResultsMedian urinary ITC level was 1·61 nmol/mg creatinine. Self-reported usual cruciferous vegetable intake was weakly correlated with urinary ITC level (rs=0·1149; P<0·0001), while self-reported recent intake was more strongly correlated with urinary ITC (rs=0·2591; P<0·0001). Overall, the GST genotypes were not associated with urinary ITC level, but significant differences according to genotype were observed among current smokers and participants who provided an afternoon urine sample. Other factors, including previous gastrectomy or gastritis, were also related to urinary ITC level.ConclusionsThe study suggests that urinary secretion of ITC may provide additional information on cruciferous vegetable intake and that GST genotypes are related to urinary ITC level only in some subgroups.
A NOTE ON AXISYMMETRIC SUPERCRITICAL CONING IN A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: HOCKING G. C. , ZHANG H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe steady response of a fluid with two layers of different density in a porous medium is considered during extraction through a point sink. Supercritical withdrawal in which both layers are being withdrawn is investigated using a spectral method. We show that for each withdrawal rate, there is a single entry angle of the interface into the point sink. As the flow rate decreases the angle of entry steepens until it becomes almost vertical, at which point the method fails. This limit is shown to correspond to the upper bound on sub-critical (single-layer) flow.
Magnetic Fields in Stars: Origin and Impact
Authors: Langer N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVarious types of magnetic fields occur in stars: small scale fields, large scale fields, and internal toroidal fields. While the latter may be ubiquitous in stars due to differential rotation, small scale fields (spots) may be associated with envelop convection in all low and high mass stars. The stable large scale fields found in only about 10% of intermediate mass and massive stars may be understood as a consequence of dynamical binary interaction, e.g., the merging of two stars in a binary. We relate these ideas to magnetic fields in white dwarfs and neutron stars, and to their role in core-collapse and thermonuclear supernova explosions.
Magnetic Fields in 7 Young Stellar Objects Observed with Nançay Radio Telescope
Authors: Bayandina Olga , Alakoz Alexei , Val'tts Irina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMagnetic fields (MF) can play an essential role in the evolution of the interstellar medium - especially at the early evolutionary stages. Small scale research related to the interaction of MF and pre-stellar condensations are unresolved issues. In quantitative terms, submissions about forming a full picture of gas-dust fragments evolution are far from complete, considering delay of their collapse caused by MF and the reverse effect of self-gravitating objects on the transformation of force lines and changing the values of local strength. The role of these interrelated processes is very important in the estimation of time of evolution of protostellar structures. In contrast to OH, in methanol molecule (most investigating at the moment) there is no unpaired electron, and the Zeeman splitting of the energy levels in CH3OH regards only the levels caused by the nuclear spin. Therefore, Zeeman spectrum in methanol is certainly not going to be as effective as in OH. However, since many methanol masers - Class I (MMI - formed at the earliest stage of the evolution of gas and dust condensations) and Class II (MMII - the area around very young stars and protoplanetary disks) - are associated with OH masers, then from spectra of OH masers the parameters of MF can be estimated, at least, near different methanol masers classes, i.e. in condensations which are at different evolutionary stages. This report presents the results of polarization observations 7 OH maser sources at the NRT (France). The main goal is comparing similarities and differences in MF strength and orientation in these masers, which essentially different according to the type of methanol masers associated with them, i.e. the evolutionary type.
Angular momentum evolution of young stars
Authors: Littlefair S. P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn recent years, rotation periods for large numbers of pre-main-sequence stars have become available, covering a wide range of ages and star forming environments. Simultaneously, theoretical developments in the physics of the star-disc interaction have been carried out, and observational measurements of the magnetic field geometry of both fully convective, and pre-main-sequence stars have become available. This review discusses these recent developments, and the extent to which the observational data fits within the existing theoretical frameworks.
Activity and Rotation in the Young Cluster h Per
Authors: Argiroffi C. , Caramazza M. , Micela G. , Moraux E. , Bouvier J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe study the rotation-activity relationship for low-mass members of the young cluster h Persei, a ~13 Myr old cluster. h Per, thanks to its age, allows us to link the rotation-activity relation observed for main-sequence stars to the still unexplained activity levels of very young clusters.We constrained the activity levels of h Per members by analyzing a deep Chandra/ACIS-I observation pointed to the central field of h Per. We combined this X-ray catalog with the catalog of h Per members with measured rotational period, presented by Moraux et al. (2013). We obtained a final catalog of 202 h Per members with measured X-ray luminosity and rotational period. We investigate the rotation-activity relation of h Per members considering different mass ranges. We find that stars with 1.3 M⊙ > M 1.4 M⊙ show significant evidence of supersaturation for short periods. This phenomenon is instead not observed for lower mass stars.
Stellar models of rotating, pre-main sequence low-mass stars with magnetic fields
Authors: Mendes Luiz T. S. , Landin Natália R. , Vaz Luiz P. R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report our present efforts for introducing magnetic fields in the ATON stellar evolution code code, which now evolved to truly modifying the stellar structure equations so that they can incorporate the effects of an imposed, large-scale magnetic field. Preliminary results of such an approach, as applied to low-mass stellar models, are presented and discussed.
Rotation and magnetism of solar-like stars: from scaling laws to spot-dynamos
Authors: Brun Allan Sacha 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Sun is the archetype of magnetic star and its proximity coupled with very high accuracy observations has helped us understanding how solar-like stars (e.g with a convective envelope) redistribute angular momentum and generate a cyclic magnetic field. However most solar models have been so fine tuned that when they are applied to other solar-like stars the agreement with observations is not good enough. I will thus discuss, based on theoretical considerations and multi-D MHD stellar models, what can be considered as robust properties of solar-like star dynamics and magnetism and what is still speculative. I will derive scaling laws for differential rotation and magnetic energy as a function of stellar parameters, discuss recent results of stellar dynamo models and define the new concept of spot-dynamo, e.g. global dynamo that develops self-consistent magnetic buoyant structures that emerge at the surface.
Magnetic fields of Sun-like stars
Authors: Fares Rim 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMagnetic fields play an important role at all stages of stellar evolution. In Sun-like stars, they are generated in the outer convective layers. Studying the large-scale magnetic fields of these stars enlightens our understanding of the field properties and gives us observational constraints for the field generation models. In this review, I summarise the current observational picture of the large-scale magnetic fields of Sun-like stars, in particular solar-twins and planet-host stars. I will discuss the observations of large-scale magnetic cycles, and compare these to the solar cycle.