bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic cascade for patients with hepatitis delta infection in France, 2018–2022: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Brichler Ségolène , Trimoulet Pascale , Roque‐Afonso Anne‐Marie , Izopet Jacques , Thibault Vincent , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Chevaliez Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic hepatitis D infection is the most severe form of viral hepatitis and can rapidly progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite recommendations for systematic screening of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive individuals, data from real‐world studies have reported a low frequency of hepatitis D (or delta) virus (HDV) screening. Our cross‐sectional analysis evaluated the diagnostic cascade for hepatitis D infection in tertiary centres and described the characteristics of HDV‐positive patients.MethodsA total of 6772 individuals who tested HBsAg positive for the first time between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were analysed.ResultsA total of 5748 HBsAg‐positive individuals (84.9%) were screened for HDV infection. The screening rate varied from 63% to 97% according to the screening strategy used in the centres including or not HDV reflex testing. The prevalence of HDV infection was 6.3%. HDV RNA levels were determined in 285 of the 364 (78.3%) HDV antibody screening‐positive patients, and 167 (58.6%) had active HDV infection. 66.8% were males, with a mean age of 44.9 years. A total of 97.5% were born abroad, and 92.9% were HBeAg negative. At the time of diagnosis, HDV RNA levels were 6.0 Log UI/mL; 60.1% had alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L, and 56.3% had significant fibrosis (≥F2), including 41.6% with cirrhosis. The most common genotype was HDV‐1 (75.4%). Coinfections were not uncommon: 7.4% were HIV positive, and 15.0% were HCV antibody positive.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the need for increased screening and monitoring of HDV infection. Reflex testing helps to identify HDV‐infected individuals.
Rutin reduces inflammation and fibrosis via TGF‐β/SMAD pathways in IgA nephropathy induced rats
Authors: Jash Rajiv , Maji Himangshu Sekhar , Chowdhury Arnab , Biswas Sayak , Maparu Kousik , Khatun Robina , Dey Suddhasattya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimRutin is a flavonoid glycoside obtained from the plant Ruta graveolens. It was known to have immunosuppressant activities. This study was focused on effect of rutin against immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy.MethodsIgA nephropathy was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats with various inducing agents described in text. During the later part of the induction phase, rutin was administered. Control group rats did not receive any treatment or inducing agent, induced group rats received only the inducing agents, whereas treatment group received the inducing agents as well as rutin.ResultsDuring the study, various biochemical parameters pertaining to kidney function were evaluated and also, the expression of proteins and cytokines responsible for inflammation and fibrosis were assessed. The effect of rutin in IgA nephropathy was promising as treatment with rutin reduced the deposition of IgA in the glomeruli of rats. Along with this we also tried to establish the probable mechanism of action of rutin and based on the summary of the results it was concluded that rutin reduced the inflammation and fibrosis related to IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF‐β/SMAD pathways and ultimately reducing the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA).ConclusionComprehending all the above consideration, it may be safely said that that rutin alleviated inflammation and also fibrosis mediated by IgA, by suppressing the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) activities through suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic pathways and reduced the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition by downregulating the α‐SMA which is a marker for fibrosis.image
The effect of brochure‐assisted education given before septorhinoplasty on surgical fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deniz Doğan Sevgi , Köse Tosunöz İpek , Gülmez Mehmet İhsan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study is a randomized controlled interventional study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative brochure‐assisted education on surgical fear and anxiety in patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty surgery. The study was conducted between May 2022 and February 2023 in the Otorhinolaryngology services and clinics of a training and research hospital in the southern region of Turkey. The study included 61 patients, with 29 in the education group and 32 in the control group. All patients received routine nursing care before surgery, with the education group receiving additional education through an informative brochure. The data were collected using the “Personal Information Form”, “Surgical Fear Questionnaire”, and “Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire”. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of surgical fear between the groups on the morning of the surgery (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the mean scores of surgical anxiety between the groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients in the education group who received preoperative brochure‐assisted education had lower anxiety compared with the control group.
The causal role of the subthalamic nucleus in the inhibitory network
Authors: Obeso Ignacio , Loayza Francis R. , González‐Redondo Rafael , Villagra Federico , Luis Elkin , Jahanshahi Marjan , Obeso José A. , Pastor Maria A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe neural network mediating successful response inhibition mainly includes right hemisphere activation of the pre‐supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and caudate nucleus. However, the causal role of these regions in the inhibitory network is undefined. Five patients with Parkinson's disease were assessed prior to and after therapeutic thermal ablation of the right STN in two separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions while performing a stop‐signal task. Initiation times were faster but motor inhibition with the left hand (contralateral to the lesion) was significantly impaired as evident in prolonged stop‐signal reaction times. Reduced inhibition after right subthalamotomy was associated (during successful inhibition) with the recruitment of basal ganglia regions outside the established inhibitory network. They included the putamen and caudate together with the anterior cingulate cortex and IFG of the left hemisphere. Subsequent network connectivity analysis (with the seed over the nonlesioned left STN) revealed a new inhibitory network after right subthalamotomies. Our results highlight the causal role of the right STN in the neural network for motor inhibition and the possible basal ganglia mechanisms for compensation upon losing a key node of the inhibition network.
Wells syndrome following vaccination: A pediatric case with positive patch test to gelatin
Authors: Granja Bárbara Vieira , Cruz Maria João , De Matos Pedro Rolo , Cunha Ana Paula , Canão Pedro Amoroso , Baudrier Teresa , Mota Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report a 12‐month‐old boy with a skin eruption that developed 15 days after receiving the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines, consistent with the diagnosis of Wells syndrome. Patch testing showed a positive reaction to gelatin, which is used as a stabilizer for both live and inactivated vaccines. Gelatin was only present in the MMR vaccine.
Metals and other ligands balance carbon fixation and photorespiration in chloroplasts
Authors: Shi Xiaoxiao , Hannon Nathan M. , Bloom Arnold J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe behavior of many plant enzymes depends on the metals and other ligands to which they are bound. A previous study demonstrated that tobacco Rubisco binds almost equally to magnesium and manganese and rapidly exchanges one metal for the other. The present study characterizes the kinetics of Rubisco and the plastidial malic enzyme when bound to either metal. When Rubisco purified from five C3 species was bound to magnesium rather than manganese, the specificity for CO2 over O2, (Sc/o) increased by 25% and the ratio of the maximum velocities of carboxylation / oxygenation (Vcmax/Vomax) increased by 39%. For the recombinant plastidial malic enzyme, the forward reaction (malate decarboxylation) was 30% slower and the reverse reaction (pyruvate carboxylation) was three times faster when bound to manganese rather than magnesium. Adding 6‐phosphoglycerate and NADP+ inhibited carboxylation and oxygenation when Rubisco was bound to magnesium and stimulated oxygenation when it was bound to manganese. Conditions that favored RuBP oxygenation stimulated Rubisco to convert as much as 15% of the total RuBP consumed into pyruvate. These results are consistent with a stromal biochemical pathway in which (1) Rubisco when associated with manganese converts a substantial amount of RuBP into pyruvate, (2) malic enzyme when associated with manganese carboxylates a substantial portion of this pyruvate into malate, and (3) chloroplasts export additional malate into the cytoplasm where it generates NADH for assimilating nitrate into amino acids. Thus, plants may regulate the activities of magnesium and manganese in leaves to balance organic carbon and organic nitrogen as atmospheric CO2 fluctuates.
Learning by proxy: How burdensome policies shape policy implementors' views of government
Authors: Strach Patricia , Pérez‐Chiqués Elizabeth , Zuber Katie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the literature on political learning has examined the effect of policy on clients and some proximate individuals (family, friends, and community members), it has not examined the effect on professionals who implement programs. What lessons do professionals learn from implementing nominally positive (care) services for negatively constructed populations, and how do they learn them? Drawing on interviews, focus groups, and participant observation in substance‐use disorder services, we demonstrate that policy implementors learn lessons at odds with their advantaged status by proxy, witnessing how government treats clients, experiencing a system designed for negatively constructed, powerless populations, and sometimes the two together. As a result, the effect of policy may be greater than previously demonstrated.
Effect of pre‐treatment with deslorelin on the ovarian response of ewes superovulated with FSH
Authors: Garcia Rodrigo , Filho Rogério A. Almeida , Sitó‐Silva Luan , Denadai Renan , Codognoto Viviane , Salgado Letícia , Brochine Suzane , Oba Eunice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the use of the GnRH agonist hormone, deslorelin, to control the follicular population before initiating multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) treatment. Twenty‐four cross‐bred Santa Inês ewes, aged between 2 and 4 years, were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 11) or a treated group (n = 13). All ewes received an intravaginal device containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate on day 0, and a new device on day 7, which remained in place until day 14. Additionally, the ewes were administered 125 μg of cloprostenol on day 7. The superovulatory treatment involved administering 200 mg of pFSH, divided into eight decreasing doses at 12‐h intervals starting on day 12. On day 14, 300 IU of eCG was administered. In the deslorelin group, three doses of 100 μg of deslorelin were administered starting on day 3 after the insertion of the vaginal device, with subsequent doses given at 72‐h and 144‐h intervals. Natural mating was performed 36 h after the removal of the progesterone implant using males with proven fertility. Embryo collection took place on the 6th day after mating, and the recovered structures were quantified and evaluated for quality and developmental stage. Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted on days 12, 16 and 21 to evaluate the ovaries, specifically to assess the ovarian follicular population and the presence of the corpus luteum. Ewes in the control group had higher embryo recovery rates (p < .01) compared to the treated group (5.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.1 ± 0.8), with differences observed primarily in the number of morulae. The number of corpus luteum observed during the laparotomy on day 21 was significantly higher (p < .01) in the control group (10.44 vs. 4.5 corpus luteum per ewe). Yet, the treated group had a significantly higher number of follicles (p < .05) on the first day of pFSH application (5.5 vs. 3.0 follicles per ewe). In conclusion, although the inclusion of deslorelin in the superovulation protocol resulted in increased synchronization of oestrus and follicle number, it did not lead to an increase in the number of corpus luteum or harvested embryos.
Ghrelin induced by ultraviolet B exposure promotes the restoration of diabetic cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Fu Qi‐Rui , Peng Sha , Zhu Chang‐Qing , Chen Lu‐Si , Sun Yan , Li Wan‐Mei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) presents impediment to wound healing. While ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure showed therapeutic potential in various skin conditions, its capacity to mediate diabetic wound healing remains unclear. To investigate the efficacy of UVB on wound healing and its underlying basis.Materials and MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the high‐fat diet followed by streptozotocin administration to establish the diabetic model. Upon confirmation of diabetes, full‐thickness wounds were inflicted and the treatment group received UVB radiation at 50 mJ/cm2 for 5 min every alternate day for 2 weeks. Wound healing rate was then assessed, accompanied by evaluations of blood glucose, lipid profiles, CD31 expression, and concentrations of ghrelin and leptin. Concurrently, in vitro studies were executed to evaluate the protective role of ghrelin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under high glucose (HG) conditions.ResultsPost UVB exposure, there was a marked acceleration in wound healing in DM mice without alterations in hyperglycemia and lipid profiles. Compared to non‐UVB‐exposed mice, the UVB group showed enhanced angiogenesis manifested by a surge in CD31 expression. This trend appeared to be in harmony with the elevated ghrelin levels. In vitro experiments indicated that ghrelin significantly enhanced the migratory pace and angiogenic properties of HUVEC under HG‐induced stress, potentially mediated by an upregulation in vascular endothelial growth factor expression.ConclusionUVB exposure bolstered wound healing in diabetic mice, plausibly mediated through augmented angiogenesis induced by ghrelin secretion. Such findings underscore the vast potential of UVB‐induced ghrelin in therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic wound healing.
Teaching multimorbidity to medical students
Authors: Penner Kristy , Wicklum Sonja , Johnston Aaron , Kelly Martina Ann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity is a rising health care phenomenon and doctors require specific skill sets to effectively care for patients with multiple illnesses. Despite this, most medical education is taught using a single‐disease, systems‐based approach. Consequently, students can struggle to manage patients with multimorbidity. To help final year medical students manage patients with multimorbidity in clinical practice, we devised, taught, and evaluated a heuristic: collect, cluster and co‐ordinate.ApproachStudents attended a 1‐hour online workshop during their family medicine clerkship. Using a flipped classroom design, students watched a podcast, followed by facilitated small‐group work.EvaluationOut of 132 final‐year medical students, 102 participated in the evaluation. Students rated their confidence managing patients with multimorbidity, pre and post teaching on a Likert scale. Prior to teaching, 36% (n = 37) students rated their ability to manage a patient with multimorbidity as slightly confident. After teaching, 74.5% (76) students rated their ability to manage the same patient as fairly or completely confident. Prior to graduation students were surveyed to determine if they had applied the framework during clinical placements. Sixty‐one students responded; 32 applied the heuristic during family medicine and in other clinical rotations such as paediatrics, obstetrics, emergency medicine and anaesthesia.ImplicationsSpecific instruction on managing consultations with patients experiencing multimorbidity during undergraduate medical education increased learner confidence caring for these patients. The heuristic was relevant and applied in disciplines outside family medicine. Students indicated that earlier teaching on this topic would have prepared them better for clinical placements.
Moving CyberGIS education forward: Knowing what matters and how it is decided
Authors: Zhang Zhe , King Jerad , Wang Shaowen , Sinton Diana , Wilson John , Shook Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaintaining educational resources and training materials as timely, current, and aligned with the needs of students, practitioners, and other users of geospatial technologies is a persistent challenge. This is particularly problematic within CyberGIS, a subfield of Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIS&T) that involves high‐performance computing and advanced cyberinfrastructure to address computation‐ and data‐intensive problems. In this study, we analyzed and compared content from two open educational resources: (1) a popular online web resource that regularly covers CyberGIS‐related topics (GIS Stack Exchange) and (2) existing and proposed content in the GIS&T Body of Knowledge. While current curricula may build a student's conceptual understanding of CyberGIS, there is a noticeable lack of resources for practical implementation of CyberGIS tools. The results highlight discrepancies between the attention and frequency of CyberGIS topics according to a popular online help resource and the CyberGIS academic community.
Dominant‐negative chaperonin mutation ptCPN60α1S57F uncovers redundancy in chloroplast rRNA processing
Authors: Wang Chunfei , Xing Aiming , Li Yan , Wang Xingsong , Wang Xiaoqing , Xu Xiumei , An Guoyong , Hu Zhubing 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYThe biogenesis of functional forms of chloroplast ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) is crucial for the translation of chloroplast mRNAs into polypeptides. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the proper processing and maturation of chloroplast rRNA species are poorly understood. Through a genetic approach, we isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, α1‐4, harboring a missense mutation in the plastid chaperonin‐60α1 gene. Using allelism tests and transgenic manipulation, we determined functional redundancy among ptCPN60 subunits. The ptCPN60α1S57F mutation caused specific defects in the formation of chloroplast rRNA species, including 23S, 5S, and 4.5S rRNAs, but not 16S rRNAs. Allelism tests suggested that the dysfunctional ptCPN60α1S57F competes with other members of the ptCPN60 family. Indeed, overexpression of the ptCPN60α1S57F protein in wild‐type plants mimicked the phenotypes observed in the α1‐4 mutant, while increasing the endogenous transcriptional levels of ptCPN60α2, β1, β2, and β3 in the α1‐4 mutant partially mitigated the abnormal fragmentation processing of chloroplast 23S, 5S, and 4.5S rRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated functional redundancy between ptCPN60β1 and ptCPN60β2 in chloroplast rRNA processing through double‐mutant analysis. Collectively, our data reveal a novel physiological role of ptCPN60 subunits in generating the functional rRNA species of the large 50S ribosomal subunit in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.
Contrasting demographic history and mutational load in three threatened whitebark pines (Pinus subsect. Gerardianae): implications for conservation
Authors: Kou Yi‐Xuan , Liu Mi‐Li , López‐Pujol Jordi , Zhang Qi‐Jing , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Li Zhong‐Hu 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYDemographic history and mutational load are of paramount importance for the adaptation of the endangered species. However, the effects of population evolutionary history and genetic load on the adaptive potential in endangered conifers remain unclear. Here, using population transcriptome sequencing, whole chloroplast genomes and mitochondrial DNA markers, combined with niche analysis, we determined the demographic history and mutational load for three threatened whitebark pines having different endangered statuses, Pinus bungeana, P. gerardiana and P. squamata. Demographic inference indicated that severe bottlenecks occurred in all three pines at different times, coinciding with periods of major climate and geological changes; in contrast, while P. bungeana experienced a recent population expansion, P. gerardiana and P. squamata maintained small population sizes after bottlenecking. Abundant homozygous‐derived variants accumulated in the three pines, particularly in P. squamata, while the species with most heterozygous variants was P. gerardiana. Abundant moderately and few highly deleterious variants accumulated in the pine species that have experienced the most severe demographic bottlenecks (P. gerardiana and P. squamata), most likely because of purging effects. Finally, niche modeling showed that the distribution of P. bungeana might experience a significant expansion in the future, and the species' identified genetic clusters are also supported by differences in the ecological niche. The integration of genomic, demographic and niche data has allowed us to prove that the three threatened pines have contrasting patterns of demographic history and mutational load, which may have important implications in their adaptive potential and thus are also key for informing conservation planning.
The Relationship Between Social Media Usage and Responses to Hoax and Hate Speech in Padang
Authors: Lestari Yayuk , Elian Novi , Diego Diego , Anindya Annisa , Helmi Rahmadhona Fitri 
Published: August 2024

The popularity of social media in Indonesia is currently on the rise, and recent trends indicate that social media usage is associated with the dissemination of various factors contributing to the development of news and information within society. Most social media users utilize their social networks to meet their news needs, even though these sources are not always accurately verifiable. Unfortunately, there is a significant amount of misinformation and hate speech found on social media, compounded by the low media literacy rates in Indonesia, leading to rapid and widespread dissemination of information. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual behavior in consuming media (media consumption) and their responses to hoax and hate speech on social media. The theory employed is selective exposure. The research method used is a quantitative approach utilizing correlational research methods. Sampling was conducted using a questionnaire, selecting two districts as the research sample through simple random sampling. The total number of respondents included in this study was 110, determined based on Taro Yamane's formula with a precision/tolerance error of 10%. The research findings indicate that the majority of respondents emphasize the importance of selecting information free from negative content such as insults, hate speech, and fake news on social media platforms. Significant differences in respondent perspectives reflect variations in the assessment of accessed information, while differing opinions regarding the validity and freedom of information from certain negative elements are also evident in this study. Some respondents exhibit uncertainty regarding the objectivity and consistency between titles and content of information obtained through social media. The analysis reveals a connection between the intensity of social media usage and respondents' reactions to hoax and hate speech information. Although the relationship is relatively weak, it indicates an association between the frequency of social media usage and the way respondents respond to information containing hoaxes or hate speech.