bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANMS‐ESNM position paper and consensus guidelines on biofeedback therapy for anorectal disorders
Authors: Rao S. S. C. , Benninga M. A. , Bharucha A. E. , Chiarioni G. , Di Lorenzo C. , Whitehead W. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnorectal disorders such as dyssynergic defecation, fecal incontinence, levator ani syndrome, and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome are common, and affect both the adult and pediatric populations. Although they are treated with several treatment approaches, over the last two decades, biofeedback therapy using visual and verbal feedback techniques has emerged as an useful option. Because it is safe, it is commonly recommended. However, the clinical efficacy of biofeedback therapy in adults and children is not clearly known, and there is a lack of critical appraisal of the techniques used and the outcomes of biofeedback therapy for these disorders.PurposeThe American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility convened a task force to examine the indications, study performance characteristics, methodologies used, and the efficacy of biofeedback therapy, and to provide evidence‐based recommendations. Based on the strength of evidence, biofeedback therapy is recommended for the short‐term and long‐term treatment of constipation with dyssynergic defecation (Level I, Grade A), and for the treatment of fecal incontinence (Level II, Grade B). Biofeedback therapy may be useful in the short‐term treatment of Levator Ani Syndrome with dyssynergic defecation (Level II, Grade B), and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome with dyssynergic defecation (Level III, Grade C), but the evidence is fair. Evidence does not support the use of biofeedback for the treatment of childhood constipation (Level 1, Grade D).
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in caregivers of patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Remes‐Troche J. M. , Torres‐Aguilera M. , Montes‐Martínez V. , Jiménez‐García V. A. , Roesch‐Dietlen F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers are an at‐risk population for psychic and physical diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it is not known whether providing care for the chronically ill patient can be considered a risk factor for developing IBS. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of IBS according to the Rome II criteria in a group of caregivers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted through an evaluation of caregivers of chronically ill patients. Subjects completed questionnaires including the Rome II Modular Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCBI) (an instrument for evaluating the burden experienced by caregivers), and the irritable bowel syndrome quality of life (IBS‐QoL) questionnaire.Key ResultsNinety‐six primary caregivers (mean age was 43.6 ± 13.7 years and 87% were women) were evaluated. The mean length of time providing care was 37.6 months (3–288 months). Forty‐seven caregivers (49%) presented with IBS. The caregivers with IBS had higher scores in the global ZCBI score (47 ± 8 vs 28 ± 8, p = 0.001) and on the anxiety and depression scale (p = 0.001) than those that did not have IBS. A total of 72% were diagnosed with caregiver stress syndrome; 42 of them had IBS according to the Rome II questionnaire (60% vs 18%, p = 0.001, relative risk 3.28, 95% CI: 1.4–7.4).Conclusions & InferencesCaregivers of chronically ill patients have a high prevalence of IBS, which is associated with depression, anxiety, and poor QoL.
Arabidopsis AtbHLH112 regulates the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance by binding to their E‐box and GCG‐box motifs
Authors: Liu Yujia , Ji Xiaoyu , Nie Xianguang , Qu Min , Zheng Lei , Tan Zilong , Zhao Huimin , Huo Lin , Liu Shengnan , Zhang Bing , Wang Yucheng 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Plant basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors play essential roles in abiotic stress tolerance. However, most bHLHs have not been functionally characterized. Here, we characterized the functional role of a bHLH transcription factor from Arabidopsis, AtbHLH112, in response to abiotic stress.

AtbHLH112 is a nuclear‐localized protein, and its nuclear localization is induced by salt, drought and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, AtbHLH112 serves as a transcriptional activator, with the activation domain located at its N‐terminus.

In addition to binding to the E‐box motifs of stress‐responsive genes, AtbHLH112 binds to a novel motif with the sequence ‘GG[GT]CC[GT][GA][TA]C’ (GCG‐box). Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function analyses showed that the transcript level of AtbHLH112 is positively correlated with salt and drought tolerance. AtbHLH112 mediates stress tolerance by increasing the expression of P5CS genes and reducing the expression of P5CDH and ProDH genes to increase proline levels. AtbHLH112 also increases the expression of POD and SOD genes to improve reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability.

We present a model suggesting that AtbHLH112 is a transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of genes via binding to their GCG‐ or E‐boxes to mediate physiological responses, including proline biosynthesis and ROS scavenging pathways, to enhance stress tolerance.
Product stability and sequestration mechanisms in Solanum tuberosum engineered to biosynthesize high value ketocarotenoids
Authors: Mortimer Cara L. , Misawa Norihiko , Ducreux Laurence , Campbell Raymond , Bramley Peter M. , Taylor Mark , Fraser Paul D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryTo produce commercially valuable ketocarotenoids in Solanum tuberosum, the 4, 4′ β‐oxygenase (crtW) and 3, 3′ β‐hydroxylase (crtZ) genes from Brevundimonas spp. have been expressed in the plant host under constitutive transcriptional control. The CRTW and CRTZ enzymes are capable of modifying endogenous plant carotenoids to form a range of hydroxylated and ketolated derivatives. The host (cv. Désirée) produced significant levels of nonendogenous carotenoid products in all tissues, but at the apparent expense of the economically critical metabolite, starch. Carotenoid levels increased in both wild‐type and transgenic tubers following cold storage; however, stability during heat processing varied between compounds. Subcellular fractionation of leaf tissues revealed the presence of ketocarotenoids in thylakoid membranes, but not predominantly in the photosynthetic complexes. A dramatic increase in the carotenoid content of plastoglobuli was determined. These findings were corroborated by microscopic analysis of chloroplasts. In tuber tissues, esterified carotenoids, representing 13% of the total pigment found in wild‐type extracts, were sequestered in plastoglobuli. In the transgenic tubers, this proportion increased to 45%, with esterified nonendogenous carotenoids in place of endogenous compounds. Conversely, nonesterified carotenoids in both wild‐type and transgenic tuber tissues were associated with amyloplast membranes and starch granules.
Persistent Untreated Riga‐Fede Disease for 6 Years
Authors: Ozmen Bilal , Acar Ozge 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRiga‐Fede disease is an uncommon, benign, ulcerative condition due to dental trauma that can occur at any age. A 9‐year‐old boy with a painful tongue is presented. Physicians need to recognize Riga‐Fede disease and Riga‐Fede‐like disease to intervene early.
Across all solid organs, adolescent age recipients have worse transplant organ survival than younger age children: A US national registry analysis
Authors: Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Lamb Kenneth E. , Zheng Jie , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Meier‐Kriesche Herwig‐Ulf 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnivariate analyses suggest that adolescents have worse long‐term allograft survival versus younger children across different SOT. This study's objective was to determine whether multivariate analyses of a large national database recording all deceased SOT (KI; LI; HR; LU) also show worse adolescent allograft survival in the different organs. Using data from the national Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients in the USA for pediatric primary SOT from 1989 to 2010, we calculated median half‐lives and constructed K–M graft survival curves. Recipient age at transplant (<12 or adolescent 12–17 yr) was fitted with other identical covariates into multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. In all SOT recipients, unadjusted graft survival curves demonstrated better graft survival for adolescents initially, followed by crossing of the lines, such that adolescent SOT recipients had worse survival after one yr (KI), 4.6 yr (LI), 4.4 yr (HR), and 1.6 yr (LU). Multivariate models of the post‐cross period showed a significantly higher AHR for worse graft survival in adolescent age across all four SOTs: AHR 1.400 (KI), 1.958 (LI), 1.414 (HR), and 1.576 (LU). Improving adolescent long‐term outcomes across all four organs will be a defining issue in the future.
Idiopathic hyperammonemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gülsün , Daloğlu Hayriye , Hazar Volkan , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIHA is characterized by a sudden increase in plasma ammonia levels in the absence of any identifiable causes, which mostly results in intractable coma and high mortality. It has been reported in some patients after receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancy or HSCT. We describe a case of a patient with FA that developed acute idiopathic hyperammonemia after the preparative regimen for HSCT.
The evaluation of bone metabolism in children with renal transplantation
Authors: Büyükkaragöz Bahar , Bakkaloglu Sevcan A. , Kandur Yaşar , Isiyel Emel , Akcaboy Meltem , Buyan Necla , Hasanoglu Enver 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate BMD and bone biomarkers and to investigate the effects of immunosuppressives on bone disease after RTx. Thirty‐three RTR aged 16.7 ± 3.7 yr and healthy controls (n = 32) were enrolled. There was no difference between pre‐RTx BMD and BMD at the time of study (45.9 ± 30.9 months after RTx), while both values were lower than controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Worst BMD scores were obtained at sixth month after RTx (−0.2 ± 0.9) and best at fourth year (1.4 ± 1.3). 25‐hydroxy‐(OH) vitamin D and OPG were higher in RTR (p < 0.001). BMD z scores negatively correlated with OPG and cumulative CS doses at the time of study (r = −0.344, p < 0.05 and r = −0.371, p < 0.05, respectively). Regression analysis revealed OPG as the only predictor of BMD (β −0.78, 95% CI −0.004 to −0.013, p < 0.001). The increase in OPG, a significant predictor of BMD, could either be secondary to graft dysfunction or for protection against bone loss. CS doses should be minimized to avoid their untoward effects on bone metabolism.
Low‐dose total‐body irradiation and alemtuzumab‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen results in durable engraftment and correction of clinical disease among children with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Mehta Bhakti , Mahadeo Kris , Kapoor Neena , Abdel‐Azim Hisham 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHSCT with MAC is associated with durable donor engraftment for patients with CGD; however, MAC is limited by high rates of RRT. We used a novel RIC regimen with LD‐TBI (200 cGy × two doses), fludarabine (30 mg/m2 × three doses), and proximal alemtuzumab (0.5 mg/kg/dose × one dose) and unrelated donor grafts for consecutive patients with high‐risk CGD who were not candidates for MAC at our institution. Among four children with CGD transplanted at our institution, three PBSC recipients are alive with sustained donor engraftment (median follow‐up: two yr) and resolution of pre‐HSCT active infections while one patient with bone marrow graft is alive after graft failure and autologous recovery. RIC may be a curative option for children with high‐risk CGD.
Aversive event unpredictability causes stress‐induced hypoalgesia
Authors: Quelhas Martins Amadeu , McIntyre David , Ring Christopher 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTemporal predictability, or knowing when a noxious stimulus will occur, has been implicated in stress‐induced hypoalgesia, but the contribution of event predictability, or knowing what the stimulus will be, remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we examined the effects of event predictability on pain intensity ratings and nociceptive flexion reflex responses. Participants repeatedly experienced five intensities of electrocutaneous stimulation, ranging from nonpainful to extremely painful, delivered either randomly (unpredictability group) or blocked (predictability group) with no cues provided. Unpredictable shocks produced the lowest pain ratings while evoking the highest flexion reflex responses. Moreover, anticipatory heart rate data indicated that unpredictable trials were the most physiologically arousing. Our findings show that uncertainty about the upcoming stimulus intensity is stressful and unpleasant, thereby causing hypoalgesia and reflex potentiation.
Statistical models for respiratory disease diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Wolfe Rory , Carlin John 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRisk prediction equations are used in a variety of healthcare settings to provide prognosis for patients with various respiratory conditions. This article provides a review of statistical methods for the development, evaluation and implementation of respiratory disease prediction models. We also consider a second, closely related application of these methods: the creation of equations that describe normal lung function in a particular population and the use of such equations in the diagnosis of abnormal lung function. The methods are illustrated with examples of models that have been developed for use in respiratory medicine and research.
U–Pb Ages for Zircon Grains from Nsanaragati Alluvial Gem Placers: Its Correlation to the Source Rocks
Authors: Kanouo Nguo Sylvestre , Yongue Rose Fouateu , Ekomane Emile , Njonfang Emmanuel , Ma Changqian , Lentz David R. , She Zhenbing , Zaw Khin , Venkatesh Akella Satya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Mamfe Basin is located in the SW of Cameroon and is an extension of the much bigger Benue Trough in the SE of Nigeria. Along the Asenem River and its tributaries in the western part of the Mamfe Basin (close to the border with Nigeria) gem placers yielding big zircon grains were found in recent river sediments close to Nsanaragati. In order to determine the source area and to establish a possible correlation between the zircons found in the Nsanaragati placers and rocks surrounding the Mamfe Basin 56 detrital zircon grains were analysed regarding their U–Pb ages and selected trace element contents by LA‐ICP–MS techniques. Possible source areas are rocks from the Benue Trough in the West and from the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) in the SE of the study area. Based on microscopic analyses it was possible to distinguish two groups of zircons: reddish and non‐reddish ones, where the latter group comprises color variations from brown to orange, yellow to even colorless. In general, the detrital zircons show high hafnium values (4576 to 12565 ppm) and very variable thorium (7.8 to 1565 ppm) and uranium values (13.4 to 687 ppm). The Th/U ratios vary from 0.4 to 2.3, allowing correlations for some zircon grains to kimberlitic, granitic or syenitic affinities. It was also possible to distinguish zircon grains crystallised in mafic mantle‐derived melts from those crystallised in felsic melts, e.g. from continental rift‐related magmatic systems. In general, the U–Pb zircon ages obtained range from 11.7 to 1949 Ma. All zircons of the reddish group yielded almost similar ages resulting in a Concordia age of 12.4 Ma (Serravallian), an age unknown from the Mamfe Basin so far. The group of non‐reddish zircons showed various ages ranging from Serravallian to Orosirian. It was possible to correlate the youngest ages with rocks known from intrusions along the CVL, dated with K/Ar or Ar/Ar methods. The most probable sources were Mount Bamenda and Mount Bambouto in the east of the Mamfe Basin. Cretaceous ages are interpreted as re‐recycled clastic sediments whose original source had been rocks in the south and the north of the Benue Trough and who had been eroded and deposited within the catchment area of the Asenem river system in the Mamfe Basin in post‐Cretaceous times. The oldest ages are assumed to represent the pan‐African and pre‐pan‐African basement of the Mamfe basin.
An Examination of Subnational Growth in Nigeria: 1999‐2012
Authors: Obikili Nonso 
Published: March 2015

AbstractI use satellite imagery on night‐time lights to measure growth across states and local government areas in Nigeria since the return of democracy in 1999. The data suggest that states in southern Nigeria have grown faster on average than states in the north. Using the Ordinary Least Squares, I estimate a relationship between change in night lights and real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Africa and use the coefficients to estimate GDP growth for states and local government areas in Nigeria over the period. Finally, I evaluate the effects of violence on growth in Plateau, Yobe and Borno states. I find that the crisis in Plateau state has resulted in slower growth compared with other states in the region. I also show that Yobe and Borno states had performed worse than other states in the north even before the outbreak of violence related to the Boko Haram sect.
Phylogeny and placement of Boganiidae (Coleoptera, Cucujoidea) with a review of Australian and New Caledonian taxa
Authors: ESCALONA HERMES E. , LAWRENCE JOHN F. , WANAT MAREK , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA phylogeny of the cucujoid family Boganiidae (Coleoptera) is inferred for the first time based on a parsimony analysis of 102 morphological characters (70 adult and 32 larval). The analysis resulted in a monophyletic Boganiidae divided into two main clades, Boganiinae and Paracucujinae, each supported by a series of synapomorphies. The Boganiinae genera recovered were Afroboganium Endrödy‐Younga & Crowson and Boganium Sen Gupta & Crowson, whereas Paracucujinae includes Paracucujus Sen Gupta & Crowson, Metacucujus Endrödy‐Younga & Crowson, Athertonium Crowson and the New Caledonian Dzumacium caledonicum gen.n., sp.n. New specimen data and biological information for the Australian taxa are summarized with overviews on biogeography and comments on the fossil Jurassic Parandrexis Martynov (Parandrexidae). Two new species of Boganium, primarily from the Australian mallee are described: B. malleense sp.n. and B. medioflavum sp.n. Boganium malleense is recorded from flowers of Eucalyptus gracilis F. (Myrtaceae). Adults and larvae of Paracucujus rostratus Sen Gupta & Crowson are redescribed. Athertonium parvum Crowson is redescribed and Athertonium williamsi sp.n. is described from coastal New South Wales. Several host records for Athertonium are also presented.
Blood pressure measurement in pregnancy
Authors: Nathan Hannah L , Duhig Kate , Hezelgrave Natasha L , Chappell Lucy C , Shennan Andrew H 
Published: April 2015

Key content

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is fundamental to early diagnosis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Poor auscultatory technique and lack of training leads to inaccuracies in BP measurement using sphygmomanometry with mercury and aneroid devices.

Automated devices limit user error but require validation of accuracy because they tend to underestimate BP in pre‐eclampsia.

Systolic hypertension may better predict risk of adverse outcome (such as haemorrhagic stroke) than diastolic hypertension.

Ambulatory/self‐monitoring increases the number of representative readings available on which to base management, limiting unnecessary intervention.

Detection of hypotension in pregnancy is crucial to the diagnosis of shock secondary to haemorrhage and sepsis.

Learning objectives

To learn how to obtain accurate BP measurements in pregnancy.

To understand the significance of hypertension in pregnancy.

Ethical issues

A large proportion of maternal deaths are associated with substandard care, often related to poor recognition of severity of hypertension or shock and need for treatment.

Lack of cheap, accurate, easy‐to‐use BP devices in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity secondary to pre‐eclampsia and shock is highest, continues to be a challenge.
True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an intervention
Authors: Atkinson Greg , Batterham Alan M. 
Published: March 2015

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
In ‘personalized medicine’, various plots and analyses are purported to quantify individual differences in intervention response, identify responders/non‐responders and explore response moderators or mediators.

What advances does it highlight?
We highlight the impact of within‐subject random variation, which is inevitable even with ‘gold‐standard’ measurement tools/protocols and sometimes so substantial that it explains all apparent individual response differences. True individual response differences are quantified only by comparing the SDs of changes between intervention and comparator arms. When these SDs are similar, true individual response differences are clinically unimportant and further analysis unwarranted.

Within the ‘hot topic’ of personalized medicine, we scrutinize common approaches for presenting and quantifying individual differences in the physiological response to an intervention. First, we explain how popular plots used to present individual differences in response are contaminated by random within‐subject variation and the regression to the mean artefact. Using a simulated data set of blood pressure measurements, we show that large individual differences in physiological response can be suggested by some plots and analyses, even when the true magnitude of response is exactly the same in all individuals. Second, we present the appropriate designs and analysis approaches for quantifying the true interindividual variation in physiological response. It is imperative to include a comparator arm/condition (or derive information from a prior relevant repeatability study) to quantify true interindividual differences in response. The most important statistic is the SD of changes in the intervention arm, which should be compared with the same SD in the comparator arm or from a prior repeatability study in the same population conducted over the same duration as the particular intervention. Only if the difference between these SDs is clinically relevant is it logical to go on to explore any moderators or mediators of the intervention effect that might explain the individual response. To date, very few researchers have compared these SDs before making claims about individual differences in physiological response and their importance to personalized medicine.