bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin nanopreparations: recent advance in preparation and application
Authors: Liu Yan , Yin Rui , Tian Yuan , Xu Shujun , Meng Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric with antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, preventive and therapeutic neurological disorders and a variety of bioactivities, which is widely used in the field of food and medicine. However, the drawbacks of curcumin such as poor aqueous solubility and stability have limited the practical application of curcumin. To overcome these defects and enhance its functional properties, various nanoscale systems (liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, etc) have been extensively employed for curcumin encapsulation and delivery. Despite the rapid development of curcumin nanoformulations, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on their preparation and properties. This review provides an overview of the construction of curcumin nano-delivery systems, mechanisms of action, nanocarrier preparation methods and the applications of curcumin nanocarriers in the food and pharmaceutical fields to provide a theoretical basis and technological support for the efficient bio-utilization, product development and early clinical application of curcumin.
Classical echoes of quantum boundary conditions
Authors: Angelone Giuliano , Facchi Paolo , Ligabò Marilena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider a non-relativistic particle in a one-dimensional box with all possible quantum boundary conditions that make the kinetic-energy operator self-adjoint. We determine the Wigner functions of the corresponding eigenfunctions and analyze in detail their classical limit, governed by their behavior in the high-energy regime. We show that the quantum boundary conditions split into two classes: all local and regular boundary conditions collapse to the same classical boundary condition, while a dependence on singular non-local boundary conditions persists in the classical limit.
Fractional conformal map, qubit dynamics and the Leggett–Garg inequality
Authors: Paul Sourav , Vijay Varma Anant , Das Sourin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A pure state of a qubit can be geometrically represented as a point on the extended complex plane through stereographic projection. By employing successive conformal maps on the extended complex plane, we can generate an effective discrete-time evolution of the pure states of the qubit. This work focuses on a subset of analytic maps known as fractional linear conformal maps. We show that these maps serve as a unifying framework for a diverse range of quantum-inspired conceivable dynamics, including (i) unitary dynamics,(ii) non-unitary but linear dynamics and (iii) non-unitary and non-linear dynamics where linearity (non-linearity) refers to the action of the discrete time evolution operator on the Hilbert space. We provide a characterization of these maps in terms of Leggett–Garg inequality complemented with no-signaling in time and arrow of time conditions.
Generalized hydrodynamics for the volterra lattice: ballistic and non-ballistic behavior of correlation functions
Authors: Mazzuca Guido 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, a lot of effort has been put in describing the hydrodynamic behavior of integrable systems. In this paper, we describe such picture for the Volterra lattice. Specifically, we are able to explicitly compute the susceptibility matrix and the current-field correlation matrix in terms of the density of states of the Volterra lattice endowed with a Generalized Gibbs ensemble. Furthermore, we apply the theory of linear Generalized Hydrodynamics (GHDs) to describe the Euler scale behavior of the correlation functions. We anticipate that the solution to the GHDs equations develops shocks at

ξ
0

=

x
t

; so this linear approximation does not fully describe the behavior of correlation functions. Intrigued by this fact, we performed several numerical investigations which show that, exactly when the solution to the hydrodynamic equations develops shock, the correlation functions show an highly oscillatory behavior. In view of this empirical observation, we believe that at this point ξ
0 the diffusive contribution are not sub-leading corrections to the ballistic transport, but they are of the same order.
Complex in vitro models positioned for impact to drug testing in pharma: a review
Authors: Kang Serah , Chen Eugene C , Cifuentes Helen , Co Julia Y , Cole Gabrielle , Graham Jessica , Hsia Rebecca , Kiyota Tomomi , Klein Jessica A , Kroll Katharina T , Nieves Lopez Lenitza M , Norona Leah M , Peiris Heshan , Potla Ratnakar , Romero-Lopez Monica , Roth Julien G , Tseng Min , Fullerton Aaron M , Homan Kimberly A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen the creation and popularization of various complex in vitro models (CIVMs), such as organoids and organs-on-chip, as a technology with the potential to reduce animal usage in pharma while also enhancing our ability to create safe and efficacious drugs for patients. Public awareness of CIVMs has increased, in part, due to the recent passage of the FDA Modernization Act 2.0. This visibility is expected to spur deeper investment in and adoption of such models. Thus, end-users and model developers alike require a framework to both understand the readiness of current models to enter the drug development process, and to assess upcoming models for the same. This review presents such a framework for model selection based on comparative -omics data (which we term model-omics), and metrics for qualification of specific test assays that a model may support that we term context-of-use (COU) assays. We surveyed existing healthy tissue models and assays for ten drug development-critical organs of the body, and provide evaluations of readiness and suggestions for improving model-omics and COU assays for each. In whole, this review comes from a pharma perspective, and seeks to provide an evaluation of where CIVMs are poised for maximum impact in the drug development process, and a roadmap for realizing that potential.
Statistical approach to explore sustainable characteristics of cellulosic Desmostachya bipinnata fiber and its chemically modified conditions
Authors: J David Gnanaraj , V Vignesh , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hassan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This present work has been intended to investigate the properties of an extracted Desmostachya bipinnata fibers (DBFs). The unmodified/untreated (raw), 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.5% potassium permanganate(KMnO4)chemically modified/treated Desmostachya Bipinnata fibers are explored to establish the possibility of designing a large scale natural product or fiber/reinforcement. The raw, alkaline treated and potassium permanganate treated Desmostachya bipinnata fibers are designated as Raw Desmostachya Bipinnata Fibers, Alkali treated Desmostachya Bipinnata Fibers and Potassium Permanganate treated Desmostachya Bipinnata Fibers as samples, respectively. Mechanical, thermal and physio-chemical behaviors and surface morphology of both RDBF and treated Desmostachya Bipinnata Fibers are analyzed. From the results obtained, it is evident that an increase in aspect ratio, due to the diameter reduction by alkalization process, has exhibited high tensile strength with minimum density. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results have shown variation of chemical bonding, due to different chemical treatments of DBFs. Summarily, the maximum values of Crystallinity Index (CI) and activation energy are obtained with Alkali treated Desmostachya bipinnata fibers sample.
Advancing Fake News Detection with Graph Neural Network and Deep Learning
Authors: Gul Haji , Al-Obeidat Feras , wasim Muhammad , Amin Adnan , Moreira Fernando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the modern era of digital technology, the rapid distribution of news via social media platforms substantially contributes to the propagation of false information, presenting challenges in upholding the accuracy and reliability of information. This study presents an updated approach that utilizes Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) alongside with advanced deep learning techniques to improve the identification of false information. In contrast to traditional approaches that primarily rely on analyzing text and assessing the credibility of sources, our methodology utilizes the structural information of news propagation networks. This allows for a detailed comprehension of the interconnections and patterns that are indicative of misinformation. By analyzing the intricate, graph-based connections between news items, our approach not only overcomes the constraints of conventional fake news detection methods but also demonstrates significant enhancements in detection accuracy. This paper emphasizes the revolutionary nature of utilizing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in the field of fake news detection. It also examines the potential consequences of our research in reducing the propagation of false information. Our model achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 97\%, demonstrating a significant improvement in its ability to identify and classify fake news. The findings highlight the substantial improvement in the ability to detect fake news provided by GNNs in comparison to traditional methods, demonstrating promising growth in the struggle against false information.
An exponential reduction in training data sizes for machine learning derived entanglement witnesses
Authors: Rosebush Aiden R , Greenwood Alexander C B , Kirby Brian T , Qian Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a support vector machine (SVM) based approach for generating an entanglement witness that requires exponentially less training data than previously proposed methods. SVMs generate hyperplanes represented by a weighted sum of expectation values of local observables whose coefficients are optimized to sum to a positive number for all separable states and a negative number for as many entangled states as possible near a specific target state. Previous SVM-based approaches for entanglement witness generation used large amounts of randomly generated separable states to perform training, a task with considerable computational overhead. Here, we propose a method for orienting the witness hyperplane using only the significantly smaller set of states consisting of the eigenstates of the generalized Pauli matrices and a set of entangled states near the target entangled states. With the orientation of the witness hyperplane set by the SVM, we tune the plane’s placement using a differential program that ensures perfect classification accuracy on a limited test set as well as maximal noise tolerance. For N qubits, the SVM portion of this approach requires only

O
(

6
N

)

training states, whereas an existing method needs

O
(

2

4
N

)

. We use this method to construct witnesses of 4 and 5 qubit GHZ states with coefficients agreeing with stabilizer formalism witnesses to within 3.7 percent and 1 percent, respectively. We also use the same training states to generate novel 4 and 5 qubit W state witnesses. Finally, we computationally verify these witnesses on small test sets and propose methods for further verification.
The Narrowing of Legal Positivism
Authors: Priel Dan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Jurisprudence purports to be an account of the nature of law in all times and places. Yet, reading a survey of civil-law legal positivism and some of its central debates raises a question: why do these debates seem so different from debates conducted by legal positivists in common-law countries? I consider the view that these differences merely reflect different interests or emphases but propose a different answer: That law in different jurisdictions has changed along different paths. I further raise the possibility that jurisprudential writings have played a role in this process of parting of ways, because jurisprudents are not mere external observers on legal practice but can influence the shape it takes. If this is true, then history, including the history of jurisprudence, matters to jurisprudence in unappreciated ways. One sense in which the study of jurisprudence may be illuminating is by showing how legal positivism has become narrower over the years, losing sight of its purported aim of explaining law and increasingly mired in debates whose significance for understanding law is unclear. I suggest that this insular outlook is partly the result of the emphasis on studying law ‘from the internal point of view’, which may also explain why civilian jurisprudence looks alien to those versed in Anglophone jurisprudence. Against this view, I suggest naturalism as a means for reconnecting with more significant questions, as well as helping erode the common law–civil law jurisprudential divide.
Antinomies and Gaps
Authors: Chiassoni Pierluigi , Huerta Carla 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chapter purports to provide a primer to current Civil Law theory about antinomies and gaps, as reconstructed and developed by the authors. The first section, dealing with antinomies, provides, in turn, a definition of the concept of antinomy, a typology of normative conflicts, coping with the twin capital problems of antinomies-identification and antinomies-resolution, and bringing to bear the rules/principles distinction in its relevance to the solving of conflicts between fundamental rights. The second section, dealing with gaps, is likewise structured. After singling out a few concepts of gap, and distinguishing between normative and non-normative gaps, it considers the standard theory of normative gaps, revisits it by introducing the distinction between textual and metatextual gaps, and deals with the twin capital problems of gaps-identification and gaps-filling.
Legal Reasoning
Authors: Canale Damiano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The essay is divided into two parts. The first part offers a critical reconstruction of the most influential conceptions of legal reasoning in the civil law world over the last two centuries. Beginning with the eighteenth-century doctrine of legal syllogism, the essay focuses on the formalist and anti-formalist accounts of judicial reasoning that have long monopolised the debate on the subject. The second part of the essay outlines the inferential structure of the justification of judicial decisions in civil law adjudication. The analysis of this structure shows how the study of legal reasoning can be of assistance in evaluating and reviewing judicial decision-making.
Legal Reasoning from Precedent and the Common Law
Authors: Baum Levenbook Barbara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this comment is to use Canale’s presentation to orient the student of civil law jurisprudence to perspectives of and challenges for common law legal theory regarding legal reasoning. The method is comparison and a great deal of contrast. The beginning of the chapter features a comparison and contrast between Dworkin’s theory of adjudication, which is also his theory of legal content, and Canale’s ‘external justification’ ‘explicative theory’ of ‘interpretive arguments’ to legal content. The main focus of the chapter is on the many aspects of common law legal systems for which Canale’s and other civil law theorists’ accounts of legal reasoning that he describes are inapt. These aspects include the way fact-finding occurs, the standard of proof at trial, the existence of unlegislated and unwritten law, and the practice of distinguishing precedent. The comment ends with a brief account of difficulties that face common law theories about the structure of legal reasoning from precedent.
On the Nature of Legal Science
Authors: Penner James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
After a brief discussion of the nature of science, and how an inquiry into the nature of law may be conceived of a science, the comment turns to several different matters. First, the interaction between legal norms and their formulations in language is discussed. Second, Duarte’s distinction between legal theory and legal philosophy is considered. Third, Duarte’s particular conception of the pursuit of understanding the law as ‘legal science’ is contrasted with the conception of legal philosophy most associated with philosophers of law in the common law world. The comment concludes with a reflection upon what Duarte argues are the particular attributes of legal science, in particular its relationship to truth and the challenges it currently faces.
Founders, principles, and early years
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the founding principles upon which the Alliance Party was founded in 1970: the healing and reconciliation of a divided society. The chapter stresses the determination of the Party’s founders to create a non-sectarian party recruiting from both the Protestant and Catholic sections of Northern Ireland’s population to form a genuinely cross-community movement. The chapter analyses how the party evolved from the looser network of the New Ulster Movement into a definitive political party and assesses why other small non-sectarian parties were seen as inadequate. The chapter then analyses the leadership of Oliver Napier and the basis on which Alliance backed the ill-fated Sunningdale Agreement in the 1970s and the Prior Assembly of the 1980s.
Peace and the Good Friday Agreement
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 analyses the role of John Alderdice, leader of Alliance from 1987 to 1998, in steering Alliance towards the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. Alderdice had predicted movement towards peace several years previously and wished to maximize Alliance’s contribution to the Agreement’s political arrangements even though this would be difficult given their focus on unionism and nationalism. Alderdice found a role for his party in the road-testing of ideas from the UK and Irish governments. If Alliance supported proposals, was it feasible that unionist and nationalist parties would do likewise? Alderdice also had a role as ‘sheriff of the peace’, monitoring the bona fides of paramilitary ceasefires. The chapter considers the extent to which Alliance was included or marginalized in the framing of political arrangements and also considers the Party’s relations with the Women’s Coalition, the other ‘other’ party in the negotiations.
Religion, education, and social issues
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chapter begins by analysing the religious composition of Alliance. Having once been a mainly Protestant party but with a sizeable minority of Catholics, the largest single category of members now states they are of ‘no religion’. We examine the significance of this in terms of Alliance’s support for integrated education (those of no religion are most in favour); same-sex marriage (those of no religion are less in favour of opt-outs for churches regarding same-sex unions), and abortion (the religiously practicing are much more socially conservative in wanting lower time limits or prohibitions upon abortion). We find differences within the party membership over whether Alliance should retain its current position of treating abortion as a conscience issue, with some members wanting a policy of abortion rights.
Diversity and representation
Authors: Tonge Jonathan , Braniff Máire , Hennessey Thomas , McAuley James W , Rice Clare , Whiting Sophie A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Alliance is a party with a philosophy of unity in diversity, arguing that differences in national background should not form the only basis for political structures. It has long had niche status as a party recruiting from a range of religious backgrounds, but what of other forms of identity? This chapter examines the roles of women within the Party, as both representatives and staff workers. It explores how Alliance, despite eschewing quotas, has had a healthy proportion of women elected to local councils and to the Assembly. Alliance also had the first Assembly members elected from the LGBTQ+ community. This section assesses the debates on quotas and examines selection procedures for Alliance election candidates.
Venture Capital's Role in Advancing Plastic Surgery
Authors: Dhawan Ravi , Shay Denys , Brooks Kendall , Losken Albert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Plastic surgery sector has experienced significant growth, driven by an aging population's demand for minimally invasive procedures and technological innovation. Despite this, the role of venture capital (VC) in driving innovation within this sector remains underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in VC investments in plastic surgery over the last 20 years, providing insights into the financial landscape of the sector. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on VC investments in plastic and aesthetic surgery companies worldwide from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2023, utilizing PitchBook (Seattle, WA). Companies were categorized into therapeutic and thematic areas, with investment trends analyzed by deal and company values, average investment size, and total capital invested. The study found 543 VC firms made 402 investments in 163 companies, totaling $1.98 billion, increasing by 15,143% over the study period, and focused on general plastic surgery and facial cosmetic procedures. Significant investments were also made in surgical software (25.3%), biotechnology and drug discovery (22.8%), and clinic and outpatient services (20.3%). Geographically, most investments were made in companies registered in Asia (45%) and North America (33.2%). VC investments have contributed to the growth and innovation in the plastic surgery sector, particularly in minimally invasive devices. The focus on general and facial cosmetic surgery aligns with market demand trends for aesthetic procedures. These findings underscore the importance of VC in shaping the future of plastic surgery and suggest the potential for strategic investments to further drive innovation.

Level of Evidence:5 (Diagnostic)
ZMIX: estimating ancestry proportions using GWAS association Z-scores
Authors: Dennis Trent , Lee Donghyung 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
With larger and more diverse studies becoming the standard in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), accurate estimation of ancestral proportions is increasingly important for summary-statistics-based methods such as those for imputing association summary statistics, adjusting allele frequencies (AFs) for ancestry, and prioritizing disease candidate variants or genes. Existing methods for estimating ancestral proportions in GWAS rely on the availability of study reference AFs, which are often inaccessible in current GWAS due to privacy concerns.

Results
In this study, we propose ZMIX (Z-score-based estimation of ethnic MIXing proportions), a novel method for estimating ethnic mixing proportions in GWAS using only association Z-scores, and we compare its performance to existing reference AF-based methods in both real-world and simulated GWAS settings. We found that ZMIX offered comparable results to the reference AF-based methods in simulation and real-world studies. When applied to summary-statistics imputation, all three methods produced high-quality imputations with almost identical results.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/statsleelab/gauss.