bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of Intracardiac Umbilical Venous Catheter Placement in Neonates
Authors: Harabor Andrei , Soraisham Amuchou 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo review umbilical venous catheter (UVC) placement in neonates who underwent targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) and to correlate catheter tip placement on TNE and anteroposterior thoracoabdominal radiography.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 51 neonates who had UVC positions assessed by TNE and radiography in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A single operator performed all TNE examinations. The final radiographic catheter placement was taken from the image closest to the time of echocardiography. Fisher exact, χ2, and t tests were used as appropriate.ResultsAmong the 51 neonates who had catheters placed for 24 hours or more, TNE was performed on 48 in the first 48 hours, 2 at day 6, and 1 at day 9. Thirty‐six neonates were extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g). Twenty‐nine had good catheter tip positions, and 22 had catheters inside the heart (10 in the right atrium [RA], 3 at the foramen ovale, and 9 in the left atrium [LA]). Twenty neonates with catheter tips in the heart were ELBW, including 8 with catheters in the LA. The ELBW neonates were more likely to have catheters in the heart than non‐ELBW neonates (20 of 36 versus 2 of 15; P= .01; odds ratio [OR], 8.1; confidence interval [CI], 1.59–41.3). Good placement on TNE varied widely in relation to thoracic vertebral landmarks on radiography: from the T7–8 interspace to T11. When radiography showed a catheter tip at T9–T10, there was no difference in the proportion of neonates with a good catheter position versus malposition (8 of 22 versus 8 of 29; P = .55; OR, 0.67; CI, 0.20–2.19).ConclusionsA high proportion of ELBW neonates in a busy NICU had UVCs placed with the tips in the RA or LA despite common placement practices. We recommend adding TNE to radiography to position UVCs, especially in ELBW neonates.
Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis Using Ultrasound‐Based Shear Wave Measurement and Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Zhao Heng , Chen Jun , Meixner Duane D. , Xie Hua , Shamdasani Vijay , Zhou Shiwei , Robert Jean-Luc , Urban Matthew W. , Sanchez William , Callstrom Matthew R. , Ehman Richard L. , Greenleaf James F. , Chen Shigao 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has excellent performance in detecting liver fibrosis and is becoming an alternative to liver biopsy in clinical practice. Ultrasound techniques based on measuring the propagation speed of the shear waves induced by acoustic radiation force also have shown promising results for liver fibrosis staging. The objective of this study was to compare ultrasound‐based shear wave measurement to MRE.MethodsIn this study, 50 patients (28 female and 22 male; age range, 19–81 years) undergoing liver MRE examinations were studied with an ultrasound scanner modified with shear wave measurement functionality. For each patient, 27 shear wave speed measurements were obtained at various locations in the liver parenchyma away from major vessels. The median shear wave speed from all measurements was used to calculate a representative shear modulus (μ) for each patient. Magnetic resonance elastographic data processing was done by a single analyst blinded to the ultrasound measurement results.ResultsUltrasound and MRE measurements were correlated (r = 0.86; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to the ultrasound measurement results with the MRE diagnosis as the “ground truth.” The area under the ROC curve for separating patients with minimum fibrosis (defined as μMRE ≤2.9 kPa) was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.95), and the area under the ROC curve for separating patients with advanced fibrosis (defined as μMRE ≥5.0 kPa) was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.99).ConclusionsResults indicate that the ultrasound‐based shear wave measurement correlates with MRE and is a promising method for liver fibrosis staging.
Novel Sonographic Clues for Diagnosis of Antral Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Cakmakci Emin , Ucan Berna , Colak Bayram , Cinar Hasibe Gokçe 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to find out whether transabdominal sonography may have a predictive role for detection of antral gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in the antrum.MethodsA total of 108 patients and 54 control participants were allocated into 3 groups: group 1, controls without any symptoms or findings of antral gastritis and H pylori infection; group 2, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis in the absence of documented H pylori infection; and group 3, patients with symptoms and endoscopic findings consistent with gastritis and documented H pylori infection. These groups were compared in terms of demographics, antral wall thickness, mucosal layer (together with muscularis mucosa) thickness, and mucosal layer‐to‐antral wall thickness ratio.ResultsThe groups had no statistically significant differences with respect to age, sex, body mass index, and smoking habits. However, it turned out that both antral walls and muscularis mucosa layers were thicker and the mucosal layer‐to‐antral wall thickness ratio was higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (P > .001). In addition, group 3 had statistically significantly thicker antral walls and muscularis mucosa layers and a significantly increased mucosal layer‐to‐antral wall thickness ratio than group 2 (P < .001).ConclusionsOur results suggest that antral gastritis caused by H pylori infection is associated with characteristic features such as thickening of antral walls and mucosal layers on sonography. These novel clues may be useful in the diagnosis of gastritis, and unnecessary interventions and measures can be avoided in some cases.
Clinical Value of Miniprobe Sonography for Detection of Esophageal Submucosal Lesions
Authors: Xing Wu , Ying Chang , Xia Yin , Tao Ying , Liang Feng , Bing Hu 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of catheter‐based miniprobe sonography for diagnosis of esophageal submucosal lesions.MethodsA total of 199 patients with esophageal submucosal lesions underwent miniprobe sonography via gastroscopy. The sonograms were reviewed, and the sonographic findings were compared with pathologic findings from specimens obtained by endoscopic or surgical dissection.ResultsThe diagnoses for the 199 patients were as follows: 54 cysts, 58 leiomyomas, 25 stromal tumors, 26 venous aneurysms, 15 lipomas, and 21 extramural compressions. A total of 145 lesions were verified by surgery and pathologic examinations. The results for 139 lesions were confirmed by miniprobe sonography; 6 lesions were misdiagnosed. The diagnostic accuracy rate for miniprobe sonography was 95.9%.ConclusionsMiniprobe sonography can provide precise information about the size, location, border, and echogenicity of esophageal submucosal lesions. It has high diagnostic accuracy. Preoperative miniprobe sonography via gastroscopy may play an important role in the choice of therapy for esophageal submucosal lesions.
A Randomized Comparison of Proximal and Distal Ultrasound‐Guided Adductor Canal Catheter Insertion Sites for Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Mariano Edward R. , Kim T. Edward , Wagner Michael J. , Funck Natasha , Harrison T. Kyle , Walters Tessa , Giori Nicholas , Woolson Steven , Ganaway Toni , Howard Steven K. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesProximal and distal (mid‐thigh) ultrasound‐guided continuous adductor canal block techniques have been described but not yet compared, and infusion benefits or side effects may be determined by catheter location. We hypothesized that proximal placement will result in faster onset of saphenous nerve anesthesia, without additional motor block, compared to a distal technique.MethodsPreoperatively, patients receiving an ultrasound‐guided nonstimulating adductor canal catheter for knee arthroplasty were randomly assigned to either proximal or distal insertion. A local anesthetic bolus was administered via the catheter after successful placement. The primary outcome was the time to achieve complete sensory anesthesia in the saphenous nerve distribution. Secondary outcomes included procedural time, procedure‐related pain and complications, postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and motor weakness.ResultsProximal insertion (n = 23) took a median (10th–90th percentiles) of 12.0 (3.0–21.0) minutes versus 6.0 (3.0–21.0) minutes for distal insertion (n = 21; P= .106) to anesthetize the medial calf. Only 10 of 25 (40%) and 10 of 24 (42%) patients in the proximal and distal groups, respectively, developed anesthesia at both the medial calf and top of the patella (P= .978). Bolus‐induced motor weakness occurred in 19 of 25 (76%) and 16 of 24 (67%) patients in the proximal and distal groups (P = .529). Ten of 24 patients (42%) in the distal group required intravenous morphine postoperatively, compared to 2 of 24 (8%) in the proximal group (P = .008), but there were no differences in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsContinuous adductor canal blocks can be performed reliably at both proximal and distal locations. The proximal approach may offer minor analgesic and logistic advantages without an increase in motor block.
Tide‐driven shear instability in planetary liquid cores
Authors: Sauret Alban , Le Bars Michael , Le Gal Patrice 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present an experimental study on the shear instability driven by tidal forcing in a model planetary liquid core. The experimental setup consists of a water‐filled deformable sphere rotating around its axis and subjected to an elliptical forcing. At resonant forcing frequencies, the nonlinear self‐interaction of the excited inertial mode drives an intense and localized axisymmetric jet. The jet becomes unstable at low Ekman number because of a shear instability. Using particle image velocimetry measurements, we derive a semiempirical scaling law that captures the instability threshold of the shear instability. This mechanism is fully relevant to planetary systems, where it constitutes a new route to generate turbulence in their liquid cores.
Direct velocity observations of volume flux between Iceland and the Shetland Islands
Authors: Childers Katelin H. , Flagg Charles N. , Rossby Thomas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAtlantic Waters flowing northward into the Nordic Seas are important for their role as an early indicator of changes to deepwater formation. As such, this requires a fundamental understanding of the pathways and volume fluxes through the primary passageways from the Atlantic into the Nordic Seas. A mean annual volume transport of 6.1 ± 0.3 Sv was observed flowing in above the σt = 27.8 isopycnal (a proxy for the lower limit of Atlantic Water depth), through the Faroe Shetland Channel (FSC) and over the Iceland Faroes Ridge (IFR) from March 2008 to June 2012, using repeat velocity sections obtained from a vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). A new vessel route has expanded the spatial coverage of FSC observations and reveals a difference in average inflow transport, which most likely results from an interannual variation in the total transport through the FSC, which in turn is tied to a weakening of the southerly flow over the western slope of the channel. This interannual variability has increased the mean transport through the FSC from 0.9 Sv observed over the first 2 years of this program by Rossby and Flagg (2012) to a 4.5 year mean of 1.7 ± 0.2 Sv, which emphasizes the importance of knowing the flow along the Faroese shelf. Interannual fluctuations in transport observed over the IFR are related to the width of the inflow over the Faroese half of the ridge.
Wet deposition of black carbon at a remote site in the East China Sea
Authors: Mori T. , Kondo Y. , Ohata S. , Moteki N. , Matsui H. , Oshima N. , Iwasaki A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMass concentrations of black carbon (BC) in air (MBC) and rainwater (CBC) in the East China Sea were measured at Hedo on Okinawa Island, Japan, from April 2010 to March 2013. The monthly averaged MBC and CBC showed marked seasonal variations, being highest in spring (0.32 ± 0.13 µg m−3 and 92 ± 76 µg L−1, respectively) and lowest in summer (0.06 ± 0.03 µg m−3 and 8.0 ± 4.1 µg L−1, respectively). The high MBC and CBC in spring were associated with transport of air masses from the Asian continent by northwesterly winds. The BC wet deposition flux (FBC), estimated as the product of CBC and precipitation amount, also showed a distinct seasonal variation. The monthly average FBC during the four spring seasons (16.8 ± 6.7 mg m−2 month−1) was about 3 times higher than the annual average FBC (5.5 ± 9.9 mg m−2 month−1) owing to the high CBC and precipitation amount in spring. As a result, about 76% of the annual BC deposition occurred in spring on average. The FBC in spring is comparable to the average BC net flux in North China, indicating the importance of precipitation over the East China Sea as a sink of BC transported from North China. In summer, CBC values were correlated with MBC for rain events associated with local convective activity, as identified by the convective available potential energy. A one‐dimensional thermodynamic model successfully explained the relation between CBC and MBC.
Apolipoprotein‐Containing Lipoprotein Subclasses and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kiani Adnan N. , Fang Hong , Akhter Ehtisham , Quiroga Carmen , Simpson Nancy , Alaupovic Petar , Magder Laurence S. , Petri Michelle 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTraditional classification of hyperlipidemia using high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low‐density lipoprotein does not provide information on lipoprotein function. Apolipoproteins (Apos), which are protein components of plasma lipoproteins (including A, B, C, D, E) with their different composition, metabolic, and atherogenic properties, provide insight on lipoprotein functioning. In particular, the Apo B/A‐I ratio is associated with atherogenic LDL and development of cardiovascular disease. We explored the baseline association between these nontraditional risk factors with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification [CAC] and carotid intima‐media thickness [IMT]) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA total of 58 SLE patients (97% women, 58% white, 40% African American, and 2% other, mean ± SD age 44 ± 11 years) had measurement of Apo and lipoproteins by immunoturbidimetric procedures, electroimmunoassays, and immunoprecipitation. CAC was measured by helical computed tomography and carotid IMT by carotid duplex. This study was based on the baseline assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Lupus Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. The measurement of the lipoproteins was made on sera collected at the same time.ResultsThere was no association between cardioprotective Apos (Apo A‐I, LpA‐I, LpA‐I:A‐II) and CAC (P < 0.15, P < 0.41, and P < 0.39, respectively) or carotid IMT (P < 0.97, P < 0.53, and P < 0.76, respectively). CAC and carotid IMT did not associate with atherogenic Apos either, including LpB:E+LpB:C:E, Apo B, LpB, LpB:C, Apo C‐III, Apo C‐III‐HS, Apo C‐III‐HP, Apo C‐III‐R, LpA‐II:B:C:D:E, and Apo B/Apo A‐I. Measures of disease activity, including physician's global assessment and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, were not associated with CAC or carotid IMT.ConclusionNeither cardioprotective nor atherogenic lipoproteins were associated with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in this series of SLE patients. Further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings.
Continuous decrease of consanguineous marriages among arabs in israel
Authors: Na'amnih Wasef , Romano‐Zelekha Orly , Kabaha Ahmed , Rubin Liza Pollack , Bilenko Natalya , Jaber Lutfi , Honovich Mira , Shohat Tamy 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo describe the trend in the rate of consanguineous marriages among the Israeli Arab population and to identify factors associated with this custom shift in recent years.MethodsThe study was conducted between November 2009 and January 2010 in Family Health Centers. A questionnaire was presented to parents during routine visits to the center with their children.ResultsInformation on 6,437 couples was collected. The rate of consanguineous marriages decreased from 35.8% among those married before 2000, to 28.2% among those married in 2000–2004, and to 24.0% among those married in 2005–2009 (P for trend <0.001). First cousin marriages were the most common type of consanguineous marriages in all the time periods. Consanguineous marriages were associated with consanguinity between the couples' parents (both husband and wife), a high consanguinity rate in the place of residence and younger age at marriage (wife).ConclusionsThe rates of consanguineous marriages among Israeli Arabs are decreasing but still high. Because consanguineous marriages are widely acceptable, the role of public health professionals and primary care personnel is to provide comprehensive information about the potential genetic risks of consanguinity on offspring health and to increase the accessibility of premarital and preconception counseling services. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:94–98, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling Selectivity in the Chlorine Evolution Reaction over RuO2‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Exner Kai S. , Anton Josef , Jacob Timo , Over Herbert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the industrially important Chlor‐Alkali process, the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) over a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) catalyst competes with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This selectivity issue is elucidated on the microscopic level with the single‐crystalline model electrode RuO2(110) by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the concept of volcano plots. We demonstrate that one monolayer of TiO2(110) supported on RuO2(110) enhances the selectivity towards the CER by several orders of magnitudes, while preserving the high activity for the CER. This win‐win situation is attributed to the different slopes of the volcano curves for the CER and OER.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Rheumatoid Arthritis Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: What Gets Published and When
Authors: Khan Nasim A. , Singh Manisha , Spencer Horace J. , Torralba Karina D. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo examine characteristics associated with the publication and timeliness of publication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsRA RCTs (phases II–IV) registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and completed by December 31, 2009 were identified. A standardized strategy was used to determine publication status and outcome assessment. The association of RCT characteristics recorded at ClinicalTrials.gov and study outcome with publication and time to publication were assessed.ResultsA search conducted at least 30 months after trial completion revealed that among 143 eligible RCTs, 95 (64.4%) were published. The 48 unpublished RCTs had enrolled >10,000 patients. Efficacy outcomes could be ascertained for 127 of the RCTs. RCT publication was associated with positive outcome, with an adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 4.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8–10.2) (P = 0.001), and marginally with RCT registration before completion (adjusted OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.1–1.0], P = 0.06). The estimated median time to publication was 38 months. Positive outcome was associated with earlier publication (adjusted hazard ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.2–2.9], P = 0.006). RCTs completed in 2006–2007 or 2008–2009 were likely to be published sooner than RCTs completed in or before 2005. Sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of 16 RCTs with unknown outcome did not alter these findings, except in the highly implausible scenario of all such trials being positive.ConclusionPositive study outcome was associated with publication and timeliness of publication despite registration in a publicly available registry. A substantial minority of RA RCTs remained unpublished. Efforts to improve transparency in reporting of clinical trials need to continue.
Proof of Concept of the Electrochemical Sensing of 3‐Iodothyronamine (T1AM) and Thyronamine (T0AM)
Authors: Gonçalves Luís M. , Moreira Manuela M. , Azevedo Carla F. , Valente Inês M. , Sousa João C. , Scanlan Thomas S. , Compton Richard G. , Rodrigues José A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent studies have shown that, besides the well‐recognized T3 and T4 hormones, there are other relevant thyroid hormones circulating in the human body. In particular, this is the case for 3‐iodothyronamine (T1AM) and thyronamine (T0AM). One of the reasons for the lack of studies showing their precise importance is the absence of analytical methodologies available. Herein, for the first time, T1AM and T0AM are electrochemically characterized. T0AM was sensed by means of a glassy carbon electrode; furthermore, T1AM was sensed both with a graphitic surface (oxidatively) as well as with mercury (reductively). For both compounds, after oxidation, it was possible to observe the reversible redox reaction concerning the benzoquinone/hydroquinone couple, thus increasing the specificity of the electroanalysis. Therefore, this work provides the basis for an ‘at‐point‐of‐use’ electrochemical strip test for T1AM and T0AM.
Hollow α‐Fe2O3 Nanospheres Synthesized Using a Carbon Template as Novel Anode Materials for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Shubo , Wang Wei , Zhan Pan , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHollow α‐Fe2O3 nanospheres are synthesized by a carbon‐template method. The open channels and tiny particles present within the hollow nanospheres facilitate the penetration of the electrolyte, efficiently reducing the diffusion length for both Na ions and electrons and tolerating volume expansion and particle pulverization. A high discharge capacity of 837.3 mAh g−1 is obtained and obvious voltage plateaus can be observed during the charge and discharge process.
Water‐Soluble Conductive Composite Binder Containing PEDOT:PSS as Conduction Promoting Agent for Si Anode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Dan , Zhong Haoxiang , Zhang Lingzhi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel water‐soluble conductive composite binder consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as binder and aqueous poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as conduction‐promoting agent is reported for the Si anode of Li‐ion batteries. The introduction of conductive PEDOT:PSS into a water‐soluble binder facilitates the formation of homogenous and continuous conducting bridges throughout the electrode and increases the compaction density of the electrode by reducing the content of the commonly used conducting agent of acetylene black. Galvanostatic testing, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show that the electrodes using the composite binder exhibit higher initial Coulombic efficiencies, better cycling and rate performance, and more favorable electrochemical kinetics compared with the electrodes using CMC binder with acetylene black conducting agent.
Flow Chemistry Meets Advanced Functional Materials
Authors: Myers Rebecca M. , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Turner Richard M. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFlow chemistry and continuous processing techniques are beginning to have a profound impact on the production of functional materials ranging from quantum dots, nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks to polymers and dyes. These techniques provide robust procedures which not only enable accurate control of the product material’s properties but they are also ideally suited to conducting experiments on scale. The modular nature of flow and continuous processing equipment rapidly facilitates reaction optimisation and variation in function of the products.