bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluations of therapeutic drug monitoring interventions in acute hospital‐based settings: A systematic review
Authors: Carland Jane E. , Carland David J. , Brett Jonathan , Stocker Sophie L. , Roberts Darren M. , Day Richard O. , Laba Tracey‐Lea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aims to optimize drug therapy. As demand on health resources increases, and the technology underpinning TDM becomes more sophisticated, the economic benefits of TDM in hospitals is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the economic evidence that could be used to support investment in TDM in hospital settings. In so doing, we sought to provide guidance for future economic evaluations.MethodsMedline, Embase, CENTRAL, Econlit and NHS Economic Evaluation databases were searched (inception to December 2022) for economic evaluations of hospital‐based TDM. Two authors reviewed the studies and extracted data. Overall quality of economic analysis reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.ResultsTen prospective studies (including six randomized studies) and nine retrospective studies were eligible. Overall study reporting was poor, publications meeting a median (range) of 61% (46–82%) of CHEERS checklist criteria. An antimicrobial TDM intervention for adult patients was the focus of most studies (n = 18). Variable clinical outcomes were reported, and length of stay was the primary economic outcome for most studies (n = 13). The majority of studies determined that TDM was economically and clinically favourable (n = 14), four studies reporting a cost‐reduction in patient sub‐populations.ConclusionsSignificant improvements in both economic and clinical outcomes may be realized with TDM interventions, particularly when targeted to complex patient populations. Attainment of therapeutic target could serve as a feasible surrogate measure of benefit for hospital‐based TDM interventions. However, systematic reporting of economic outcomes is needed to inform investment decisions.
Antidepressant and antipsychotic prescribing in patients with type 2 diabetes in Scotland: A time‐trend analysis from 2004 to 2021
Authors: Greene Charlotte R. L. , Blackbourn Luke A. K. , McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Mercer Stewart W. , Smith Daniel J. , Wild Sarah H. , Wu Honghan , Jackson Caroline A. ,   the Scottish Diabetes Research Network epidemiology group
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsPrescribing of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in general populations has increased in the United Kingdom, but prescribing trends in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to describe time trends in annual prevalence of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescribing in adult patients with T2D.MethodsWe conducted repeated annual cross‐sectional analysesof a population‐based diabetes registry with 99% coverage, derived from primary and secondary care data in Scotland, from 2004 to 2021. For each cross‐sectional calendar year time period, we calculated the prevalence of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescribing, overall and by sociodemographic characteristics and drug subtype.ResultsThe number of patients with a T2D diagnosis in Scotland increased from 161 915 in 2004 to 309 288 in 2021. Prevalence of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescribing in patients with T2D increased markedly between 2004 and 2021 (from 20.0 per 100 person‐years to 33.3 per 100 person‐years and from 2.8 per 100 person‐years to 4.7 per 100 person‐years, respectively). We observed this pattern for all drug subtypes except for first‐generation antipsychotics, prescribing of which remained largely stable. The degree of increase, as well as the overall prevalence of prescribing, differed by age, sex, socioeconomic status and subtype of drug class.ConclusionsThere has been a marked increase in the prevalence of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescribing in patients with T2D in Scotland. Further research should identify the reasons for this increase, including indication for use and the extent to which this reflects increases in incident prescribing rather than increased duration.
Clinicopathological analysis of NEK1 variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rifai Olivia M. , Waldron Fergal M. , Sleibi Danah , O'Shaughnessy Judi , Leighton Danielle J. , Gregory Jenna M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany genes have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including never in mitosis A (NIMA)‐related kinase 1 (NEK1), a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in several cellular functions, such as DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation. Whole‐exome sequencing studies have shown that NEK1 mutations are associated with an increased risk for ALS, where a significant enrichment of NEK1 loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants were found in individuals with ALS compared to controls. In particular, the p.Arg261His missense variant was associated with significantly increased disease susceptibility. This case series aims to understand the neuropathological phenotypes resulting from NEK1 mutations in ALS. We examined a cohort of three Scottish patients with a mutation in the NEK1 gene and evaluated the distribution and cellular expression of NEK1, as well as the abundance of phosphorylated TDP‐43 (pTDP‐43) aggregates, in the motor cortex compared to age‐ and sex‐matched control tissue. We show pathological, cytoplasmic TDP‐43 aggregates in all three NEK1‐ALS cases. NEK1 protein staining revealed no immunoreactivity in two of the NEK1‐ALS cases, indicating a LOF and corresponding to a reduction in NEK1 mRNA as detected by in situ hybridisation. However, the p.Arg261His missense mutation resulted in an increase in NEK1 mRNA molecules and abundant NEK1‐positive cytoplasmic aggregates, with the same morphologic appearance, and within the same cells as co‐occurring TDP‐43 aggregates. Here we show the first neuropathological assessment of a series of ALS cases carrying mutations in the NEK1 gene. Specifically, we show that TDP‐43 pathology is present in these cases and that potential NEK1 LOF can either be mediated through loss of NEK1 translation or through aggregation of NEK1 protein as in the case with p.Arg261His mutation, a potential novel pathological feature of NEK1‐ALS.
Synthesis of sexual selection: a systematic map of meta‐analyses with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pollo Pietro , Lagisz Malgorzata , Yang Yefeng , Culina Antica , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSexual selection has been a popular subject within evolutionary biology because of its central role in explaining odd and counterintuitive traits observed in nature. Consequently, the literature associated with this field of study became vast. Meta‐analytical studies attempting to draw inferences from this literature have now accumulated, varying in scope and quality, thus calling for a synthesis of these syntheses. We conducted a systematic literature search to create a systematic map with a report appraisal of meta‐analyses on topics associated with sexual selection, aiming to identify the conceptual and methodological gaps in this secondary literature. We also conducted bibliometric analyses to explore whether these gaps are associated with the gender and origin of the authors of these meta‐analyses. We included 152 meta‐analytical studies in our systematic map. We found that most meta‐analyses focused on males and on certain animal groups (e.g. birds), indicating severe sex and taxonomic biases. The topics in these studies varied greatly, from proximate (e.g. relationship of ornaments with other traits) to ultimate questions (e.g. formal estimates of sexual selection strength), although the former were more common. We also observed several common methodological issues in these studies, such as lack of detailed information regarding searches, screening, and analyses, which ultimately impairs the reliability of many of these meta‐analyses. In addition, most of the meta‐analyses' authors were men affiliated to institutions from developed countries, pointing to both gender and geographical authorship biases. Most importantly, we found that certain authorship aspects were associated with conceptual and methodological issues in meta‐analytical studies. Many of our findings might simply reflect patterns in the current state of the primary literature and academia, suggesting that our study can serve as an indicator of issues within the field of sexual selection at large. Based on our findings, we provide both conceptual and analytical recommendations to improve future studies in the field of sexual selection.
No one really plans to have multiple sclerosis: Transition readiness and quality of life in paediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thoby Estherline , Veras Julissa , Nallapati Spandana , Jimenez Manuel E. , Bhise Vikram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimWe sought to explore the experiences and perceptions of the quality of life of adolescents with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis and assess their readiness for academic, employment and/or health care‐related transitions.BackgroundAdolescents with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis face unique challenges in managing a chronic illness while navigating future scholastic, social and occupational goals. We conducted a qualitative study with in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews from July 2017 to March 2019. Adolescents with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis were recruited from a pediatric neurology subspeciality practice until reaching data saturation. A total of 17 interviews were completed via telephone with participants ages 15 through 26.ResultsThrough content analysis of the interviews, we identified five major themes: (1) receiving a new diagnosis; (2) adapting to life with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis; (3) evaluating education/career transition preparedness; (4) adjusting within family life and establishing support systems; and (5) assessing current medical services and preparedness for adult medical care.ConclusionsAutonomy in health care management, adequate control of physical symptoms and sufficient family support impacted perceptions of quality of life. Implementing a dedicated transition visit, including the parent(s) of those with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis, early in adolescence may provide an avenue for appropriate anticipatory guidance regarding available services, independent medical management and continuity of care.
Children's Perspective on Social Workers' Questioning Practices
Authors: Sørensen Kresta Munkholt , Jacobsen Charlotte Bredahl , Koustrup Cecilie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThree tendencies currently influence social workers' questioning practices at statutory meetings with children in out‐of‐home care: an awareness that the children may have unmet needs that social workers should detect and react upon the introduction of screening instruments to social work and changes in questioning practices due to a quest for greater child participation. This project explores children's preferences about social workers' questioning practices given these trends. A total of 18 Danish children aged 10–13 participated in three separate panels in 2020 and 2021. Each panel met up on three Saturday afternoons to discuss and offer opinions on subjects that included social workers' questioning practices with or without the use of screening questionnaires. According to the children, social workers need to reach a better balance between children's right to privacy and their need for help. They want fewer people ‘meddling in their lives’, more privacy and to be questioned only when social workers can act very concretely to help them solve a problem. Children's preferences indicate that we should adjust social work questioning practices with children placed in out‐of‐home care in general and our use of screening instruments in social work in particular.
Streamlined two‐step fragment analysis PCR and exome sequencing of RFC1 for diagnostic testing of suspected CANVAS patients
Authors: Jaklič Helena , Božović Ivana Babič , Peterlin Borut , Kovanda Anja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is caused by biallelic pathogenic expansions, or compound heterozygosity with other pathogenic variants in the RFC1 gene. CANVAS is estimated to be underdiagnosed, both because of the lack of formal diagnostic criteria and molecular challenges that translate to lesser access and high cost of routine testing. Our aim was to address the need for making CANVAS genetic testing routine, by designing a streamlined two‐step PCR consisting of a short‐allele screening PCR and a confirmatory PCR with fragment capillary electrophoresis detection. Exome sequencing of RFC1 was additionally foreseen to resolve potential compound heterozygosity cases. Specificity of our approach was evaluated using ataxia patients with known non‐CANVAS diagnoses, and optimized using Southern blot confirmed CANVAS patients. We evaluated our approach by testing patients consecutively referred for clinically suspected CANVAS using first the two‐step PCR, followed by exome sequencing. Our approach was able to accurately identify negative and confirm positive cases in prospectively collected suspected CANVAS patients presenting with at least three typical clinical signs. The proposed testing approach provides an alternative method able to clearly distinguish between CANVAS negative and positive cases and can be easily incorporated into the genetic diagnostic laboratory workflow.
Evaluation of Triglyceride‐Glucose Index Elevation as a Biomarker and Risk Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dogan Remzi , Kucuk Ramazan Bahadir , Tugrul Selahattin , Yenigun Alper , Calim Omer Faruk , Dogan Elif Ece , Polat Emre , Ozturan Orhan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesInsulin resistance is associated with increased levels of IGF‐1. IGF‐1 has been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The Triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo tertiary care academic hospitals.MethodsThe study included 53 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Group 1) and 48 healthy volunteers (Group 2). Laryngeal cancer patients were divided into two groups according to their stage. Stages I and II were named Group 1A, and Stages III and IV were called Group 1B. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The effect of the TyG index on laryngeal cancer was investigated on the parameters of sex, age, body mass index, and stage of the disease.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. The TyG index of group 1 (4.75 ± 0.33) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). The TyG index value of group 1B (4.84 ± 0.31) was significantly higher than both group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). There was no significant difference between the TyG index values of group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15).ConclusionThe TyG index may be a promising laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. People with a higher TyG index may have a higher incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a higher risk of progression.
PRRX1‐fused mesenchymal neoplasm: A novel PRRX1::NCOA1 fusion transcript
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Wang Jian , Fang Rong , Xu Jiayun , Wang Suying , Zhao Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPRRX1‐fused mesenchymal neoplasm is a recently identified, rare subcutaneous soft tissue neoplasm that is characterized by fusion of PRRX1 (exon 1) with NCOA1 (exon 13) in the majority of reported cases. Although initially considered to be fibroblastic, a possibility of neural or neuroectodermal differentiation has been suggested in a subset of cases. We report a 26‐year‐old female with a 4.0 cm painless mass located in the subcutis of the left thigh. Microscopically, the tumor was well‐circumscribed and multinodular and was composed of relatively monomorphic ovoid to spindle cells arranged in loose fascicles, trabeculae, and cords within alternating myxoid and fibrous matrix, and vascularized stroma. Mitotic figures were scarce and necrosis was not observed. By immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells demonstrated focal co‐expression of S100 protein and SOX10 and were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD34, STAT6, HMB45, Melan‐A, and MUC4. The expression of Rb1 was retained. Targeted RNA‐sequencing identified a novel transcript fusion of PRRX1 (exon 1)::NCOA1 (exon 15), which was further confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. The tumor was narrowly excised and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was identified after 13 months of follow‐up. In summary, we report a new case of PRRX1‐fused mesenchymal neoplasm, expanding the molecular genetic spectrum and providing further support for possible neural or neuroectodermal differentiation of this emerging soft tissue tumor entity.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis‐like cutaneous toxicity following chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in recurrent large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Bhullar Puneet K. , Motaparthi Kiran , Zieman Daniel P. , Johnson Cassandra , Gurnani Pooja , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in treating various B‐cell malignancies, redirecting T‐cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Despite its efficacy, CAR‐T therapy is associated with potential risks, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and cytopenia. We present a case of a 69‐year‐old man with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene‐ciloleucel CAR‐T therapy, who developed a rare and severe cutaneous toxicity resembling toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The patient exhibited persistent fevers, CRS, and subsequent development of a widespread erythematous macular eruption, progressing to vesiculation with bullae. Notably, allopurinol‐induced TEN was considered with the patient's recent exposure to allopurinol, although the onset and minimal mucosal involvement did not align with typical presentations of allopurinol‐induced cases. The cutaneous reaction, distinct from typical SJS/TEN, showed minimal mucosal involvement and coincided with the cytokine release storm, differing from allopurinol‐induced TEN. Despite the absence of guidelines, the patient was managed with systemic steroids, achieving significant improvement. This case expands the spectrum of CAR‐T therapy‐related cutaneous toxicities, highlighting the need for early recognition of histopathology and tailored management by dermatologists. Further understanding of these reactions is crucial for optimizing the safety profile of this groundbreaking immunotherapy.
Improving assessment and management of suicide risk among people who inject drugs: A mixed methods study conducted at the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Sydney
Authors: Hocknull Kate , Geiger Brennan , Bartlett Mark , Colledge‐Frisby Samantha , Shand Fiona , Day Carolyn A. , Jauncey Marianne , Roxburgh Amanda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeople who inject drugs are 13 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population. Guidelines for responding to risk in this population are limited. Harm reduction services attended by people who inject drugs require targeted strategies to address the complexities of suicide risk among this population.MethodsCo‐design, engaging health professionals and people with lived experience informed the study. Mixed methods were used to understand the experience of managing suicide risk among clients attending the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC) in Sydney. A survey was administered to assess staff confidence in managing risk. Focus groups were conducted with health professionals and MSIC clients to explore experiences of suicide management, response and opportunities for improvement.ResultsHalf (N = 17) the MSIC staff surveyed reported over 10 years' experience working with this population. Confidence in managing suicide risk was low. Three key themes emerged from focus groups (N = 17): (i) Autonomy and the need to involve clients in the assessment process; (ii) Trust between clients and health professionals, and transparency in decision‐making; and (iii) System barriers, described by health professionals as inadequate referral pathways for clients in distress, and by clients as negative experiences of care, including involuntary admission and not receiving medication (e.g. methadone).Discussion and ConclusionsRevised assessment guidelines and a tailored safety plan were developed. These resources are also suitable for other alcohol and other drug services. The challenge in managing suicide risk in harm reduction services is balancing duty of care with staff–client relationships and client engagement.
Harm from others' drinking among young adults in Taiwan: Predictors and deteriorating quality of life
Authors: Chen Ren‐Hao , Chang Hsing‐Yi , Hsu Yi‐Tien , Chen Wei J. , Chen Chuan‐Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of different forms of harm from others’ drinking (HFOD), predictors and the relationship with multi‐dimensional quality of life among young adults in an emerging alcohol market in Asia—Taiwan.MethodsData were extracted from a 2018 household survey with national representativeness on substance use experiences. The analytic sample comprised 4901 participants aged 18–34. Eight items were used to measure HFOD experiences. Five‐dimensional quality of life was assessed by the EQ‐5D‐5L. Multivariable regressions with complex survey analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence and risk association.ResultsAlmost 4.2% of young adults experienced any form of HFOD; psychological harm occurred more prevalently than physical harm (3.7% and 1.5%, respectively). Those aged 25–29 and 30–34 had a two‐ to three‐fold risk of HFOD compared with those aged 18–24. Both non‐drunk drinking and drunk drinking were associated with an increased risk of psychological HFOD (adjusted odds ratio 2.36 and 5.89, respectively), whereas the risk of physical HFOD was related only to drunk drinking (adjusted odds ratio 7.8). Psychological HFOD victimisation emerged as the strongest predictor for deteriorated quality of life (adjusted b −0.14; 95% confidence interval −0.24, −0.04), especially in the dimensions of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Among HFOD victims, only 33% sought help.Discussion and ConclusionsThe HFOD among young adults, commonly exhibited in psychological form, was linked with deteriorated quality of life; nonetheless, young HFOD victims are under‐recognised. When devising interventions for alcohol harm, developmental perspectives should be integrated into policies implemented in healthcare and community settings.
Fat bodies, diet culture, and human flourishing: How did we get it so wrong?
Authors: Bowden Jennifer , Habets Myk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContemporary diet culture is detrimental to many Western men and women, though women are disproportionately impacted. This results in poor body image, low self‐esteem, and unhealthy lifestyles. Christian discourse is not immune to the influence of diet culture, with many popular Christian pastors and authors adopting this paradigm and seeking to align it with a Christian worldview. When an understanding of a human being as an anthropological duality is brought to bear on the issue of diet culture, a more consistently Christian anthropology can resource a healthier view of the embodied self and provide resources for a robust Christian response to diet culture.