bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERMINAL CLASSIC CIRCULAR ARCHITECTURE IN THE SIBUN VALLEY, BELIZE
Authors: Harrison-Buck Eleanor , McAnany Patricia A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTerminal Classic circular architecture has been characterized as a “non-Classic” trait stemming from Chontal-Itza groups from the Gulf lowlands who developed a long-distance, circum-peninsular trade route and established their capital city at Chichen Itza in northern Yucatan. Recent investigations of a series of circular shrines proximate to the Caribbean coast in Belize have yielded ceramics and radiocarbon dates that link these buildings to the ninth century, coeval with the early Sotuta phase at Chichen Itza (a.d.830–900). We present an architectural comparison of circular shrines and map out a network of sites that cluster along the rivers and coast of Belize. We consider two possibilities that may not be mutually exclusive: (1) local elite emulation of northern styles following pilgrimage to Chichen Itza for political accession ceremonies, and, (2) trading diasporas involving small-scale migration of Chontal-Itza merchants along the eastern Caribbean coast.
AGRARIAN FEATURES, FARMSTEADS, AND HOMESTEADS IN THE RÍO BEC NUCLEAR ZONE, MEXICO
Authors: Lemonnier Eva , Vannière Boris 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWith its overall settlement pattern more dispersed than those of other contemporary Maya sites, and many associated land use features still preserved, the spatial layout of the Río Bec nuclear zone (159 ha) leads us to give priority to the hypothesis of a production economy based on infield agriculture. Through a multidisciplinary and multiscalar research strategy, including several geoarchaeological methods developed on three different spatial scales, it is possible to forward a model of territorial occupation and land use for the Río Bec apogee period (a.d.700–850). Geographical and archaeological data, along with chronological and spatial analyses, allow us to reconstruct a built field system made up of distinct agricultural production units. From a socioeconomic perspective, the model suggests that agricultural production was managed at the household scale and that each unit or farmstead was distinct and autonomous from its neighbors.
MODALITY AND AXIOMATIC THEORIES OF TRUTH II: KRIPKE-FEFERMAN
Authors: STERN JOHANNES 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this second and last paper of the two part investigation on “Modality and Axiomatic Theories of Truth” we apply a general strategy for constructing modal theories over axiomatic theories of truth to the theory Kripke-Feferman. This general strategy was developed in the first part of our investigation. Applying the strategy to Kripke-Feferman leads to the theory Modal Kripke-Feferman which we discuss from the three perspectives that we had already considered in the first paper, where we discussed the theory Modal Friedman-Sheard. That is, we first show that Modal Kripke-Feferman preserves theoremhood modulo translation with respect to modal operator logic. Second, we develop a modal semantics fitting the newly developed theory. Third, we investigate whether the modal predicate of Modal Kripke-Feferman can be understood along the lines of a proposal of Kripke, namely as a truth predicate modified by a modal operator.
Design and analysis of 80-W wideband asymmetrical Doherty amplifier
Authors: Bathich Khaled , Boeck Georg 
Published: April 2014

This paper presents the analysis and design of a wideband asymmetrical Doherty amplifier. The frequency response of the output combining network of the Doherty amplifier with arbitrary back-off level configuration is analyzed. Other bandwidth-limiting factors were discussed and analyzed as well. A number of performance enhancement techniques were taken into consideration to obtain high and flat back-off efficiency over the amplifier design band of 1.7–2.25 GHz. The designed Doherty amplifier had, at 8.0–9.9 dB output back-off, a minimum efficiency of η = 50% [power-added efficiency of 45%], measured near 40 dBm of output power, and over 28% bandwidth. Using digital predistortion (DPD) linearization, an adjacent-channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of −43 dBc was obtained for a single-carrier W-CDMA signal, at 40.9 dBm and 46% of average output power and drain efficiency, respectively. The designed amplifier represents the first wideband Doherty amplifier reported over extended power back-off range.
Slow modulations of high-frequency activity (40–140 Hz) discriminate preictal changes in human focal epilepsy
Authors: Alvarado-Rojas C. , Valderrama M. , Fouad-Ahmed A. , Feldwisch-Drentrup H. , Ihle M. , Teixeira C. A. , Sales F. , Schulze-Bonhage A. , Adam C. , Dourado A. , Charpier S. , Navarro V. , Le Van Quyen M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that some seizures are preceded by preictal changes that start from minutes to hours before an ictal event. Nevertheless an adequate statistical evaluation in a large database of continuous multiday recordings is still missing. Here, we investigated the existence of preictal changes in long-term intracranial recordings from 53 patients with intractable partial epilepsy (in total 531 days and 558 clinical seizures). We describe a measure of brain excitability based on the slow modulation of high-frequency gamma activities (40–140 Hz) in ensembles of intracranial contacts. In prospective tests, we found that this index identified preictal changes at levels above chance in 13.2% of the patients (7/53), suggesting that results may be significant for the whole group (p < 0.05). These results provide a demonstration that preictal states can be detected prospectively from EEG data. They advance understanding of the network dynamics leading to seizure and may help develop novel seizure prediction algorithms.
Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Area Expansion, Modoki Activity and Tropical Cold-Point Tropopause Temperature Variations
Authors: Xie Fei , Li Jianping , Tian Wenshou , Li Yanjie , Feng Juan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe tropical cold-point tropopause temperature (CPTT), a potentially important indicator of global climate change, is of particular importance for understanding changes in stratospheric water vapor levels. Since the 1980s, the tropical CPTT has shown not only interannual variations, but also a decreasing trend. However, the factors controlling the variations in the tropical CPTT since the 1980s remain elusive. The present study reveals that the continuous expansion of the area of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) since the 1980s represents an increase in the total heat energy of the IPWP available to heat the tropospheric air, which is likely to expand as a result. This process lifts the tropical cold-point tropopause height (CPTH) and leads to the observed long-term cooling trend of the tropical CPTT. In addition, our analysis shows that Modoki activity is an important factor in modulating the interannual variations of the tropical CPTT through significant effects on overshooting convection.
Stochastic scenario‐based model and investigating size of energy storages for PEM‐fuel cell unit commitment of micro‐grid considering profitable strategies
Authors: Mohammadi Sirus , Mozafari Babak , Solymani Soodabe , Niknam Taher 
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a unit commitment formulation for micro‐grid that includes a significant number of grid parallel Proton Exchange Membrane‐Fuel Cell Power Plants (PEM‐FCPPs) with ramping rate and minimum up/down time constraints. The aim of this problem is to determine the optimum size of energy storage like battery storages and use the efficient hydrogen and thermal energy storages and to schedule the committed units' output power while satisfying practical constraints and electrical/thermal load demand over one day with 15 min time step. In order to best use of multiple PEM‐FCPPs, hydrogen storage management is carried out. Also, since the electrical and heat load demand are not synchronised, it could be useful to store the extra heat of PEM‐FCPPs in the peak electrical load in order to satisfy delayed heat demands. Due to uncertainty nature of electrical/thermal load, photovoltaic and wind turbine output power and market price, a two‐stage scenario‐based stochastic programming model, where the first stage prescribes the here‐and‐now variables and the second stage determines the optima value of wait‐and‐see variables under cost minimization is implemented. For solving the problem, a new enhanced cuckoo optimisation algorithm is presented and successfully applied to two typical micro‐grids. Quantitative results show its usefulness.
Characterisation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots intermediate band photovoltaic devices
Authors: Garduño‐Nolasco Edson , Carrington Peter J. , Krier Anthony , Missous Mohamed 
Published: April 2014

The authors report on the structural, the optical and the electrical properties of solar cells containing 20 layers of doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and contain n dopant sheet densities of 8 and 16 × 1010 cm−2, respectively, in between the QD layers. Under a 1 sun illumination, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and the efficiency of the 8 × 1010 cm−2 n‐doped sample were increased to values of 0.73 V and 9.7%, respectively, compared with a reference undoped sample (a Voc of 0.70 V and an efficiency of 9.0%). However, the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) decreased from 20.1 to 17.4 mA/cm2 indicating bandfilling within the QD array.
Climate change, pink salmon, and the nexus between bottom-up and top-down forcing in the subarctic Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea
Authors: Springer Alan M. , van Vliet Gus B. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Wild salmon in the North Pacific Ocean, particularly pink salmon, have grown greatly since the mid-1970s apparently due to bottom-up effects of climate change on ocean physics and production processes. Pink salmon spend less than 2 y at sea and most stocks alternate between high and low levels of abundance every other year. In years of high abundance, they now constitute a pelagic consumer front as they return to their spawning rivers, exert top-down control over the open ocean ecosystem by outcompeting other species for shared prey resources, and drive major ecological shifts between years of high and low abundance. Their effect on competing species must be considered in international conservation policies and when developing informed ecosystem-based management strategies.
Receptor revision in CD4 T cells is influenced by follicular helper T cell formation and germinal-center interactions
Authors: Higdon Lauren E. , Deets Katherine A. , Friesen Travis J. , Sze Kai-Yin , Fink Pamela J. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceThe diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is generated by selection of T cells that have undergone TCR-gene recombination during intrathymic development. This process is precisely regulated to prevent DNA damage and to minimize the escape of self-reactive T cells. Peripheral T cells with self-reactive TCRs can be neutralized by undergoing further TCR-gene rearrangements, through a process known as TCR revision. Although a potentially useful source of new TCR specificities, revision incurs the risk of off-target DNA damage. Our work demonstrates that TCR revision occurs in the germinal center, a distinct microenvironment comprising specialized cells that engage in specific interactions. Confinement to this well-regulated environment may explain how a potentially risky process can occur safely.
Acentriolar mitosis activates a p53-dependent apoptosis pathway in the mouse embryo
Authors: Bazzi Hisham , Anderson Kathryn V. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Centrioles form the core of centrosomes, which organize cilia and interphase and spindle microtubules in animal cells, but centrosome function has not been defined in mammals in vivo. We show that mouse embryos that lack centrioles and centrosomes survive to midgestation, when they lack primary cilia and cilia-dependent signaling. Despite the absence of centrosomes, bipolar spindle formation, chromosome segregation, cell-cycle profile, and DNA damage response are normal in the mutants. Unlike mutants that lack cilia, most cells in acentriolar embryos activate a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. The data show that mammalian centrioles promote the efficient and rapid assembly of the mitotic spindle and that a short delay in prometaphase activates a checkpoint that leads to p53-dependent cell death in vivo.
Biomimetic engineered muscle with capacity for vascular integration and functional maturation in vivo
Authors: Juhas Mark , Engelmayr George C. , Fontanella Andrew N. , Palmer Gregory M. , Bursac Nenad 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Engineering of highly functional skeletal muscle tissues can provide accurate models of muscle physiology and disease and aid treatment of various muscle disorders. Previous tissue-engineering efforts have fallen short of recreating structural and contractile properties of native muscle in vitro. Here, we describe the creation of biomimetic skeletal muscle tissues with structural, functional, and myogenic properties characteristic of native muscle and contractile stress values that surpass those of neonatal rat muscle. When implanted and real-time imaged in live animals, engineered muscle grafts undergo robust vascularization and perfusion, exhibit continued myogenesis, and show further improvements in intracellular calcium handling and contractile function. This process is significantly enhanced by myogenic predifferentiation and formation of aligned muscle architecture in vitro.
Functional characterization of flavobacteria rhodopsins reveals a unique class of light-driven chloride pump in bacteria
Authors: Yoshizawa Susumu , Kumagai Yohei , Kim Hana , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Iwasaki Wataru , DeLong Edward F. , Kogure Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceIon-translocating, light-activated membrane proteins known as rhodopsins are found in all three domains of life. Proton-pumping rhodopsins, such as proteorhodopsin, are known to be broadly distributed in marine bacteria. The first known sodium-pumping rhodopsin was recently described in marine flavobacterium. We report the discovery and characterization of a unique type of light-activated ion-translocating rhodopsin that translocates chloride ions into the cell and is evolutionarily distinct from the other known rhodopsin chloride pump, halorhodopsin, found in haloarchaea. Our data show that rhodopsins with different ion specificities have evolved independently in marine bacteria, with individual strains containing as many as three functionally different rhodopsins.
Proteomic analysis of
Vibrio cholerae
outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Altindis Emrah , Fu Yang , Mekalanos John J. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Identifying proteins localized on the surface and envelope of Gram-negative bacterial cells is an important problem in vaccine development and antibiotic target discovery. We show that the characterization of proteins associated with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by Gram-negative cells provides a solution in that contamination with abundant cytoplasmic proteins (caused by cell lysis) can be avoided. Integrated at a systems level with other transcription and proteomic data sets, our research provides a view of the surface architecture of a pathogen undergoing host-programmed changes in gene expression. Also provided is the first evidence to our knowledge that secreted protein-folding quality control (a property of the DegP protease) influences the composition of OMVs and bacterial virulence, validating DegP as a target for virulence-blocking drugs.
Lactococcosis in Silver Carp
Authors: Khoo Lester H. , Austin Frank W. , Quiniou Sylvie M. A. , Gaunt Patricia S. , Riecke Dennis K. , Jacobs Alicia M. , Meals Keith O. , Dunn Arthur W. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An adult Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix with a focally extensive skin lesion near the caudal peduncle and mild iridial hemorrhage was submitted to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ARDL) in Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of a fish kill investigation. Touch impressions of this musculoskeletal lesion revealed small cocci (∼1 μm) in pairs or chains within an inflammatory milieu. A pure Gram-positive cocci isolate was obtained from the brain, while cultures of the kidney and muscle yielded multiple bacterial colony types, including the Gram-positive cocci seen in the brain. This brain isolate was characterized biochemically and identified as Lactococcus spp. Analysis of the near complete 16S small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) gene sequences revealed the bacterium to be L. lactis subsp. lactis (SSU rDNA: 100% identity, 1,372/1,372 bp; gyrB: 99.7% identity, 1,779/1,785 bp). Comparatively, at the gyrB locus the case isolate shared less than 90% similarity to L. lactis subsp. cremoris (1,599/1,781 bp) and less than 80% homology to L. garvieae (1409/1775 bp). Histopathological examination confirmed a severe meningoencephalitis, a moderate mononuclear myositis, and a mild interstitial nephritis. We believe this represents the first report of a natural infection by L. lactis subsp. lactis in Silver Carp.
Received December 3, 2012; accepted August 17, 2013
Molecular Characterization of the VP2 Gene of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Isolates from Mexico
Authors: Salgado-Miranda Celene , Rojas-Anaya Edith , García-Espinosa Gary , Loza-Rubio Elizabeth 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is one of the most important viruses in the Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss industry. This virus has been shown to produce high mortality among salmonid fry and juveniles, and survivors might become carriers. Since 2000, IPNV has affected Mexican Rainbow Trout culture, resulting in considerable economic losses. In the current study, molecular characterization of the VP2 gene of a number of Mexican IPNV isolates was done and the virus's phylogenetic relationships to IPNV reference strains were investigated. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Mexican IPNV isolates are closely related to strains from the United States and Canada and that all Mexican IPNV isolates belong to genogroup 1. Furthermore, low genetic diversity was found between the Mexican isolates (identity, 95.8–99.8% nucleotides and 95.8–99.6% aminoacids). The result of the analysis of the amino acid residues found at positions 217, 221, and 247 (alanine, threonine, and glutamic acid, respectively) could be associated with virulence, although the expression of virulence factors is more complex and may be influenced by the agent and host factors. The high percentage of identity among the VP2 genes from geographically distant IPNV isolates and the evidence of wide distribution in the country might have been facilitated by carrier trout. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of the amino acid threonine at position 221 in all Mexican isolates, a factor related to the carrier state for IPNV, as reported by other studies.
Received July 14, 2013; accepted October 24, 2013
Genetic Variation in Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) Susceptibility in Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon and Its Progenitor Population from the Puget Sound
Authors: Purcell Maureen K. , Hard Jeffrey J. , Neely Kathleen G. , Park Linda K. , Winton James R. , Elliott Diane G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mass mortality events in wild fish due to infectious diseases are troubling, especially given the potential for long-term, population-level consequences. Evolutionary theory predicts that populations with sufficient genetic variation will adapt in response to pathogen pressure. Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into Lake Michigan in the late 1960s from a Washington State hatchery population. In the late 1980s, collapse of the forage base and nutritional stress in Lake Michigan were thought to contribute to die-offs of Chinook Salmon due to bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously, we demonstrated that Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon from a Wisconsin hatchery have greater survival following BKD challenge relative to their progenitor population. Here, we evaluated whether the phenotypic divergence of these populations in BKD susceptibility was due to selection rather than genetic drift. Comparison of the overall magnitude of quantitative trait to neutral marker divergence between the populations suggested selection had occurred but a direct test of quantitative trait divergence was not significant, preventing the rejection of the null hypothesis of differentiation through genetic drift. Estimates of phenotypic variation (VP), additive genetic variation (VA) and narrow-sense heritability (h2) were consistently higher in the Wisconsin relative to the Washington population. If selection had acted on the Wisconsin population there was no evidence of a concomitant loss of genetic variation in BKD susceptibility. The Renibacterium salmoninarum exposures were conducted at both 14°C and 9°C; the warmer temperature accelerated time to death in both populations and there was no evidence of phenotypic plasticity or a genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction. High h2 estimates for BKD susceptibility in the Wisconsin population, combined with a lack of phenotypic plasticity, predicts that future adaptive gains in BKD resistance are still possible and that these adaptive gains would be stable under the temperature range evaluated here.
Received October 21, 2013; accepted October 24, 2013
Pepper Suppressor of the G2 Allele ofskp1Interacts with the Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase1 and Type III Effector AvrBsT and Promotes the Hypersensitive Cell Death Response in a Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner
Authors: Kim Nak Hyun , Kim Dae Sung , Chung Eui Hwan , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: April 2014

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria type III effector protein, AvrBsT, triggers hypersensitive cell death in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Here, we have identified the pepper SGT1 (for suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1) as a host interactor of AvrBsT and also the pepper PIK1 (for receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase1). PIK1 specifically phosphorylates SGT1 and AvrBsT in vitro. AvrBsT specifically binds to the CHORD-containing protein and SGT1 domain of SGT1, resulting in the inhibition of PIK1-mediated SGT1 phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear transport of the SGT1-PIK1 complex. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of the proteolytic peptides of SGT1 identified the residues serine-98 and serine-279 of SGT1 as the major PIK1-mediated phosphorylation sites. Site-directed mutagenesis of SGT1 revealed that the identified SGT1 phosphorylation sites are responsible for the activation of AvrBsT-triggered cell death in planta. SGT1 forms a heterotrimeric complex with both AvrBsT and PIK1 exclusively in the cytoplasm. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated coexpression of SGT1 and PIK1 with avrBsT promotes avrBsT-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, dependent on PIK1. Virus-induced silencing of SGT1 and/or PIK1 compromises avrBsT-triggered cell death, hydrogen peroxide production, defense gene induction, and salicylic acid accumulation, leading to the enhanced bacterial pathogen growth in pepper. Together, these results suggest that SGT1 interacts with PIK1 and the bacterial effector protein AvrBsT and promotes the hypersensitive cell death associated with PIK1-mediated phosphorylation in plants.