bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Profiles of In-House Microflora in Drains at a Food Production Facility: Comparison and Biocontrol Implications of Listeria-Positive and -Negative Bacterial Populations
Authors: Fox Edward M. , Solomon Katie , Moore John E. , Wall Patrick G. , Fanning Séamus 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Listeria
species experience complex interactions with other microorganisms, which may promote growth and colonization of the organism in local environments or negatively affect them. This study investigated the microbial community at a food production facility, examining interactions between
Listeria
and the associated microbiome.
Listeria
species can be transferred between zones in the production environment by individuals or equipment, and drains may act as a reservoir for the organism, reflecting the microbial flora potentially in the production environment. Drains that were colonized by
Listeria
species and those determined to be free of
Listeria
were examined. In each case, 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed using the PhyloChip platform. Some general similarities in bacterial population structure were observed when
Listeria
-negative and -positive drain communities were compared, with some distinct differences also noted. These included increased populations of the genera
Prevotella
and
Janthinobacterium
associated with the absence of
Listeria
species, whereas
Enterococcus
and
Rhodococcus
were in higher abundance in drains colonized by
Listeria
species. Based on these results, a selection of bacterial species were grown in coculture biofilm with a
Listeria monocytogenes
strain identified as having colonized a drain at the facility. Mixed-species biofilm experiments showed that
Janthinobacterium
inhibited attachment and subsequent biofilm formation of
L. monocytogenes
; however,
Enterococcus gallinarum
significantly increased it. The results of this study suggest the microbial community in food processing facilities can impact the colonization of
Listeria
species and that influencing the microbiome in favor of antilisterial species may reduce the colonization of
Listeria
species and limit the likelihood of product/process contamination.
Massive Infection of Seabird Ticks with Bacterial Species Related to Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Wilkinson David A. , Dietrich Muriel , Lebarbenchon Camille , Jaeger Audrey , Le Rouzic Céline , Bastien Matthieu , Lagadec Erwan , McCoy Karen D. , Pascalis Hervé , Le Corre Matthieu , Dellagi Koussay , Tortosa Pablo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Seabird ticks are known reservoirs of bacterial pathogens of medical importance; however, ticks parasitizing tropical seabirds have received less attention than their counterparts from temperate and subpolar regions. Recently,
Rickettsia africae
was described to infect seabird ticks of the western Indian Ocean and New Caledonia, constituting the only available data on bacterial pathogens associated with tropical seabird tick species. Here, we combined a pyrosequencing-based approach with a classical molecular analysis targeting bacteria of potential medical importance in order to describe the bacterial community in two tropical seabird ticks,
Amblyomma loculosum
and
Carios
(
Ornithodoros
)
capensis
. We also investigated the patterns of prevalence and host specificity within the biogeographical context of the western Indian Ocean islands. The bacterial community of the two tick species was characterized by a strong dominance of
Coxiella
and
Rickettsia
. Our data support a strict
Coxiella
-host tick specificity, a pattern resembling the one found for
Rickettsia
spp. in the same two seabird tick species. Both the high prevalence and stringent host tick specificity suggest that these bacteria may be tick symbionts with probable vertical transmission. Detailed studies of the pathogenicity of these bacteria will now be required to determine whether horizontal transmission can occur and to clarify their status as potential human pathogens. More generally, our results show that the combination of next generation sequencing with targeted detection/genotyping approaches proves to be efficient in poorly investigated fields where research can be considered to be starting from scratch.
Australian Dust Storm Associated with Extensive Aspergillus sydowii Fungal “Bloom” in Coastal Waters
Authors: Hallegraeff Gustaaf , Coman Frank , Davies Claire , Hayashi Aiko , McLeod David , Slotwinski Anita , Whittock Lucy , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

A massive central Australian dust storm in September 2009 was associated with abundant fungal spores (150,000/m
3
) and hyphae in coastal waters between Brisbane (27°S) and Sydney (34°S). These spores were successfully germinated from formalin-preserved samples, and using molecular sequencing of three different genes (the large subunit rRNA gene [LSU], internal transcribed spacer [ITS[, and beta-tubulin gene), they were conclusively identified as
Aspergillus sydowii
, an organism circumstantially associated with gorgonian coral fan disease in the Caribbean. Surprisingly, no human health or marine ecosystem impacts were associated with this Australian dust storm event. Australian fungal cultures were nontoxic to fish gills and caused a minor reduction in the motility of
Alexandrium
or
Chattonella
algal cultures but had their greatest impacts on
Symbiodinium
dinoflagellate coral symbiont motility, with hyphae being more detrimental than spores. While we have not yet seen any soft coral disease outbreaks on the Australian Great Barrier Reef similar to those observed in the Caribbean and while this particular fungal population was non- or weakly pathogenic, our observations raise the possibility of future marine ecosystem pathogen impacts from similar dust storms harboring more pathogenic strains.
Role of Acupuncture in the Management of Diabetic Painful Neuropathy (Dpn): A Pilot Rct
Authors: Garrow Adam P , Xing Mei , Vere Joanne , Verrall Barbara , Wang LiFen , Jude Edward B 
Published: March 2014

Aims To examine the role of acupuncture in the treatment of diabetic painful neuropathy (DPN) using a single-blind, placebo-controlled RCT and to collect data that would be required in a future definitive study of the efficacy of acupuncture in DPN. Methods 45 patients were allocated to receive a 10-week course either of real (53%) or sham (47%) acupuncture. Five standardised acupuncture points on the lower limb of each leg were used in the study: LR3, KI3, SP6, SP10 and ST36. Outcome measures included the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale, lower limb pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS); Sleep Problem Scale (SPS); Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP); 36-item Short Form 36 Health Survey and resting blood pressure (BP). Results Over the 10-week treatment period, small improvements were seen in VAS −15 (−26 to −3.5), MYMOP −0.89 (−1.4 to −0.3), SPS −2.5 (−4.2 to −0.82) and resting diastolic BP −5.2 (−10.4 to −0.14) in the true acupuncture group. In contrast, there was little change in those receiving sham acupuncture. A moderate treatment effect in favour of active acupuncture was detected in MYMOP scores −0.66 (−0.96 to −0.35) but non-significant effect sizes in LANSS Pain Scale −0.37 (−2.2 to 1.4), resting diastolic BP −0.50 (−3.0 to 1.99) and the SPS −0.51 (−2.2 to 1.16). Conclusions We have demonstrated the practicality and feasibility of acupuncture as an additional treatment for people with DPN. The treatment was well tolerated with no appreciable side effects. Larger randomised trials are needed to confirm the clinical and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of DPN. Trial Registration Number ISRCTN number: 39740785.
Built environment characteristics and parent active transportation are associated with active travel to school in youth age 12–15
Authors: Carlson Jordan A , Sallis James F , Kerr Jacqueline , Conway Terry L , Cain Kelli , Frank Lawrence D , Saelens Brian E 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo investigate the relation of factors from multiple levels of ecological models (ie, individual, interpersonal and environmental) to active travel to/from school in an observational study of young adolescents.MethodsParticipants were 294 12–15-year olds living within two miles of their school. Demographic, psychosocial and perceived built environment characteristics around the home were measured by survey, and objective built environment factors around home and school were assessed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Mixed effects multinomial regression models tested correlates of engaging in 1–4 (vs 0) and 5–10 (vs 0) active trips/week to/from school, adjusted for distance and other covariates.Results64% of participants reported ≥1 active trip/week to/from school. Significant correlates of occasional and/or habitual active travel to/from school included barriers (ORs=0.27 and 0.15), parent modelling of active travel (OR=3.27 for habitual), perceived street connectivity (OR=1.78 for occasional), perceived pedestrian safety around home (OR=2.04 for habitual), objective street connectivity around home (OR=0.97 for occasional), objective residential density around home (ORs=1.10 and 1.11) and objective residential density around school (OR=1.14 for habitual). Parent modelling interacted with pedestrian safety in explaining active travel to/from school.ConclusionsResults supported multilevel correlates of adolescents’ active travel to school, consistent with ecological models. Correlates of occasional and habitual active travel to/from school were similar. Built environment attributes around schools, particularly residential density, should be considered when siting new schools and redeveloping neighbourhoods around existing schools.
Risk marker associations with venous thrombotic events: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Golomb Beatrice A , Chan Virginia T , Denenberg Julie O , Koperski Sabrina , Criqui Michael H 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the interrelations among, and risk marker associations for, superficial and deep venous events—superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).DesignCross-sectional analysis.SettingSan Diego, California, USA.Participants2404 men and women aged 40–79 years from four ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, African-American and Asian. The study sample was drawn from current and former staff and employees of the University of California, San Diego and their spouses/significant others.Outcome measuresSuperficial and deep venous events, specifically SVT, DVT, PE and combined deep venous events (DVE) comprising DVT and PE.ResultsSignificant correlates on multivariable analysis were, for SVT: female sex, ethnicity (African-American=protective), lower educational attainment, immobility and family history of varicose veins. For DVT and DVE, significant correlates included: heavy smoking, immobility and family history of DVEs (borderline for DVE). For PE, significant predictors included immobility and, in contrast to DVT, blood pressure (BP, systolic or diastolic). In women, oestrogen use duration for hormone replacement therapy, in all and among oestrogen users, predicted PE and DVE, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings fortify evidence for known risk correlates/predictors for venous disease, such as family history, hormone use and immobility. New risk associations are shown. Striking among these is an association of PE, but not DVT, to elevated BP: we conjecture PE may serve as cause rather than consequence. Future studies should evaluate the temporal direction of this association. Oxidative stress and cell energy compromise are proposed to explain and predict many risk factors, operating through cell-death mediated triggering of coagulation activation.
PIM Kinases Are Essential for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Survival (PIM2/3) and CXCR4-Mediated Microenvironmental Interactions (PIM1)
Authors: Decker Sarah , Finter Johannes , Forde Aaron James , Kissel Sandra , Schwaller Juerg , Mack Thomas Sebastian , Kuhn Anabel , Gray Nathanael , Follo Marie , Jumaa Hassan , Burger Meike , Zirlik Katja , Pfeifer Dietmar , Miduturu Chandrasekhar V. , Eibel Hermann , Veelken Hendrik , Dierks Christine 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Overexpression of the CXCR4 receptor is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is important for CLL cell survival, migration, and interaction with their protective microenvironment. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), PIM1 was shown to regulate the surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor. Here, we show that PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases 1–3 are overexpressed and that the CXCR4 receptor is hyperphosphorylated on Ser339 in CLL compared with normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, CXCR4 phosphorylation correlates with PIM1 protein expression and PIM1 transcript levels in CLL. PIM kinase inhibition with three different PIM kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis in CLL cells independent of the presence of protective stromal cells. In addition, PIM inhibition caused dephosphorylation of the CXCR4 receptor on Ser339, resulting in enhanced ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and reduced re-externalization after withdrawal of CXCL12. Furthermore, PIM inhibition in CLL cells blocked CXCR4 functions, such as migration toward CXCL12- or CXCL12-induced extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In concordance, pretreatment of CLL cells with PIM kinase inhibitors strongly reduced homing of CLL cells toward the bone marrow and the spleen of Rag2−/−γc−/− mice in vivo. Interestingly, the knockdown of PIM kinases in CLL cells demonstrated diverging functions, with PIM1 regulating CXCR4 surface expression and PIM2 and PIM3 as important for the survival of CLL cells. Our results show that PIM kinase inhibitors are an effective therapeutic option for CLL, not only by impairing PIM2/3-mediated CLL cell survival, but also by blocking the PIM1/CXCR4-mediated interaction of CLL cells with their protective microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1231–45. ©2014 AACR.
Five-Year Survival in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction According to Modalities of Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Danchin Nicolas , Puymirat Etienne , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Goldstein Patrick , Schiele François , Belle Loïc , Cottin Yves , Fajadet Jean , Khalife Khalife , Coste Pierre , Ferrières Jean , Simon Tabassome 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the preferred reperfusion method for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, it remains difficult to implement in many areas, and fibrinolytic therapy is still widely used.

Methods and Results—
We assessed 5-year mortality in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation or Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) 2005 according to use and type of reperfusion therapy. Of 1492 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction with a first call ≤12 hours from onset, 447 (30%) received fibrinolysis (66% prehospital; 97% with subsequent angiography, 84% with subsequent PCI), 583 (39%) had pPCI, and 462 (31%) received no reperfusion. Crude 5-year survival was 88% for the fibrinolytic-based strategy, 83% for pPCI, and 59% for no reperfusion. Adjusted hazard ratios for 5-year death were 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–1.06) for fibrinolysis versus pPCI, 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.88) for prehospital fibrinolysis versus pPCI, and 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.91) for fibrinolysis versus pPCI beyond 90 minutes of call in patients having called ≤180 minutes from onset. In propensity score–matched populations, however, survival rates were not significantly different for fibrinolysis and pPCI, both in the whole population (88% lysis, 85% pPCI) and in the population seen early (87% fibrinolysis, 85% pPCI beyond 90 minutes from call).

Conclusions—
In a real-world setting, on a nationwide scale, a pharmaco-invasive strategy constitutes a valid alternative to pPCI, with 5-year survival at least equivalent to that of the reference reperfusion method.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00673036.
The Contiguous Zone as an Archaeological Maritime Zone
Authors: Aznar Mariano J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The law of the sea, mainly codified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (losc), does not properly address the protection of underwater cultural heritage. This is particularly evident for the contiguous zone, a maritime area where different public and private marine activities may be threatening that heritage. Articles 33 and 303(2) losc are counterproductive and may create a legal problem that the 2001 unesco Convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage tries to solve and clarify. In addition to this Convention, State practice shows how coastal States have been expanding their rights over their contiguous zone by adding legislative powers to the limited enforcement powers allegedly endorsed in the losc. This article tries to demonstrate that general and consistent State practice over the last decades, both conventional and unilateral, has produced a change in the legal rules governing the coastal States’ archaeological rights over their contiguous zone, expanding them with no clear objection among States, which now consider the protection of underwater cultural heritage—a generally absent interest during the negotiation of the losc—indispensable to safeguard for future generations the fragile elements composing that heritage.
Climate Change: The Greatest Challenge for the Future and a Major Cross-Sectoral Area of Intervention
Authors: Mair Caroline 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article is an overview of the ways in which climate change intersects and cuts across issues dealt with by the Rio+20 Conference and threatens to reverse gains made towards the Millennium Development Goals. The objective is to examine how climate change can impact communities in a complex and multi-faceted way. It gives a brief introduction to the unfccc negotiations and the Rio Conference; and looks in particular at the impact of climate change on desertification; food security, agriculture and trade; migration; and water management in developing countries. It is a glimpse into the unceasing struggle between the delicate balance of truly sustainable development, the protection of the environment, and the ever-growing threat of climate change. The way forward in dealing with the effects of climate change must be a cross-sectoral approach, one that is integrated into the post-2015 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, and with particular emphasis on the impact of climate change on poor and vulnerable countries.
Head Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Hutchison Michael G. , Lawrence David W. , Cusimano Michael D. , Schweizer Tom A. 
Published: March 2014

Background: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full combative sport with a recent global increase in popularity despite significant scrutiny from medical associations. To date, the empirical research of the risk of head injuries associated with this sport is limited. Youth and amateur participation is growing, warranting investigation into the burden and mechanism of injuries associated with this sport. Purpose: (1) To determine the incidence, risk factors, and characteristics of knockouts (KOs) and technical knockouts (TKOs) from repetitive strikes in professional MMA; and (2) to identify the mechanisms of head trauma and the situational factors that lead to KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes through video analysis. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Competition data and video records for all KOs and TKOs from numbered Ultimate Fighting Championship MMA events (n = 844) between 2006 to 2012. Analyses included (1) multivariate logistic regression to investigate factors associated with an increased risk of sustaining a KO or TKO secondary to repetitive strikes and (2) video analysis of all KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes with descriptive statistics. Results: During the study period, the KO rate was 6.4 per 100 athlete-exposures (AEs) (12.7% of matches), and the rate of TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes was 9.5 per 100 AEs (19.1% of matches), for a combined incidence of match-ending head trauma of 15.9 per 100 AEs (31.9% of matches). Logistic regression identified that weight class, earlier time in a round, earlier round in a match, and older age were risk factors for both KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes. Match significance and previously sustained KOs or TKOs were also risk factors for KOs. Video analysis identified that all KOs were the result of direct impact to the head, most frequently a strike to the mandibular region (53.9%). The average time between the KO-strike and match stoppage was 3.5 seconds (range, 0-20 seconds), with losers sustaining an average of 2.6 additional strikes (range, 0-20 strikes) to the head. For TKOs secondary to strikes, in the 30-second interval immediately preceding match stoppage, losers sustained, on average, 18.5 strikes (range, 5-46 strikes), with 92.3% of these being strikes to the head. Conclusion: Rates of KOs and TKOs in MMA are higher than previously reported rates in other combative and contact sports. Public health authorities and physicians should be cognizant of the rates and mechanisms of head trauma. Preventive measures to lessen the risks of head trauma for those who elect to participate in MMA are described.
Comparison sorting on hybrid multicore architectures for fixed and variable length keys
Authors: Banerjee Dip Sankar , Sakurikar Parikshit , Kothapalli Kishore 
Published: March 2014

Sorting has been a topic of immense research value since the inception of computer science. Hybrid computing on multicore architectures involves computing simultaneously on a tightly coupled heterogeneous collection of devices. In this work, we consider a multicore CPU along with a manycore GPU as our experimental hybrid platform. In this work, we present a hybrid comparison based sorting algorithm which utilizes a many-core GPU and a multi-core CPU to perform sorting. The algorithm is broadly based on splitting the input list according to a large number of splitters followed by creating independent sublists. Sorting the independent sublists results in sorting the entire original list. On a CPU + GPU platform consisting of an Intel i7-980X and an NVidia GTX 580, our algorithm achieves a 20% gain over the current best known comparison sort result that was published by (Davidson et al., 2012). On the above experimental platform, our results are better by 40% on average over a similar GPU-alone algorithm proposed by (Leischner et al., 2010). We also extend our sorting algorithm for fixed length keys to variable length keys. We use a look-ahead based approach to sort strings and obtain around a 24% benefit compared to the current best known solution. Our results also show that our algorithm and its implementation scale with the size of the input. We also show that such performance gains can be obtained on other hybrid CPU + GPU platforms.
Ibrutinib inhibits BCR and NF-κB signaling and reduces tumor proliferation in tissue-resident cells of patients with CLL
Authors: Herman Sarah E. M. , Mustafa Rashida Z. , Gyamfi Jennifer A. , Pittaluga Stefania , Chang Stella , Chang Betty , Farooqui Mohammed , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsIbrutinib inhibits both BCR and NF-κB signaling in lymph node and bone marrow resident CLL cells. Rapid and sustained reduction of cellular activation and tumor proliferation was achieved in all anatomic compartments.