bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior lens epithelial cells attachment to the basal lamina
Authors: ANDJELIC S , DRASLAR K , HVALA A , LOPIC N , STRANCAR J , HAWLINA M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The lens epithelium consisting of anterior lens epithelial cells (aLECs) is the first physical and biological barrier in the lens and the primary site of active transport and permeability. As the function of the lens epithelium is associated with the structural organization of the aLECs and the contacts the basal part of the aLECs have with the basal lamina (BL), we studied the aLEC structure, in particular aLECs attachment to the BL.Methods The aLCs (BL and associated aLECs) were obtained from routine uneventful cataract surgery, prepared for and studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy.Results SEM shows that the basal surface of the aLECs (~10‐15 m) in contact with the BL is wrinkled (~1‐3 m) and also the aLECs extensions (~0.5‐3m) attached to the BL. Confocal microscopy images of the basal sections of the aLECs after membrane staining also suggest that the basal part of aLECs is wrinkled (~1‐3 m) . TEM shows in the aLECs basal parts, toward BL, the structures that look like entanglement (~1‐4 m). In cases where there is a swelling of the cytoplasm and offset of the aLECs from the BL, individual pins (~0.5‐2 m) that extend to the BL are visible by TEM.Conclusion We provide detail evidence about the structural organization of the aLECs, in particular about their basal side which is in contact with the BL. This is supported by the complementary use of 3 techniques, SEM, TEM and confocal microscopy, each of them showing the same morphological features, the extensions and the entanglements of the aLECs cytoplasmic membrane at the border with the BL. The basal surface of the aLECs is increased. It suggests the functional importance of the contact between aLECs and BL.
Caspase‐3 in ultraviolet radiation cataract
Authors: TALEBI ZADEH N , YU Z , KRONSCHLÄGER M , SÖDERBERG P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the evolution of active caspase‐3 protein expression in normal lens and in the lens exposed to low dose UVR‐300 nm.Methods Forty Sprague‐Dawley rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 1 kJ/m2 UVR 300 nm for 15 minutes. At 0.5, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the UVR exposure, the exposed and non‐exposed lenses were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry. The number and distribution of the cells labeled for active caspase‐3 in the exposed and contralateral non‐exposed lenses were compared among the four different time points after the exposure.Results In normal lenses, active caspase‐3 expression was abundant in the anterior pole of the lens. The probability of a radial spatial distribution of the labelling was fitted to a logistic model. The increased rate of active caspase‐3 expression was at 23±3 cell‐1 and the inflection point was estimated at cell number 114±3 (0.95% CI). Active caspase‐3 expression was higher in the exposed lenses (95%CI= 0.18±0.02). The mean differences between the exposed and contralateral non‐exposed lenses were 0.17±0.02, 0.20±0.03, 0.21±0.03, and 0.11±0.04 (95%CI) for the 0.5, 8, 16, and 24 hour time groups, respectively. There were no differences in the expression of caspase‐3 between the 0.5 and 24‐hour groups or between the 8 and 16‐hour groups (95%CI= ‐0.02±0.03). There was a difference when comparing the 0.5 and 24 hours groups to the 8 and 16 hours groups (95%CI= 0.06±0.03).Conclusion Active caspase‐3 is present in normal lens epithelial cells, with more expression at the anterior pole of the lens and less expression towards the periphery. After UVR exposure, the expression of active caspase‐3 in the lens epithelium increased. The peak of expression was detected approximately 16 hours after the exposure.
A case series of late postoperative capsular block syndrome treated by Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy
Authors: MARTINEZ VELEZ M , HUERVA V , SANCHEZ MC , ASCASO FJ , SOLDEVILA J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the clinical characteristics of the unusual late postoperative capsular block syndrome (CBS) and the effect of neodymium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on visual acuity, refractive error as well as its possible complicationsMethods Retrospective cohort study. Twelve eyes of 11 patients with late CBS who had undergone Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were reviewed. A complete examination including Scheimpflug camera and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) imaging had been performed before and after posterior capsulotomyResults BCVA increased in 11 cases (91.7%). Only one eye showed a 0.5 diopter hyperopic shift following posterior capsulotomy. There were no post‐laser complications such as increased IOP or cystoid macular edema. In all patients, the posterior capsule was vaulted posteriorly and could not be seen clearly. AS‐OCT confirmed CBS in the studied cases, demonstrating a distended capsular bag. Rotating Scheimpflug imaging examination showed the white substance located behind the IOLConclusion Late CBS is usually not accompanied by shallow anterior chamber, forward IOL displacement or raised IOP. Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a useful treatment and the prognosis of patients with this complication appears favorable. Although the AS‐OCT measurements are easier to get than Scheimplug imaging, both are useful to visualize the distended capsular bag containing the white material and the IOL position
Impact of lens thickness on hyper mature cataract surgical complications: preliminary results of a prospective study
Authors: ADDOU‐REGNARD M , FAJNKUCHEN F , CHAINE G , GIOCANTI‐AUREGAN A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose There are no objective parameter allowing to predict the risk of surgical difficulties in white hyper mature cataracts. Lens density can be assessed by pentacam, but this tool is not commonly available. Our purpose was to assess the correlation between lens thickness (LT) and surgery complications.Methods We conducted a prospective, observational, and monocentric study. We included all patients operated on for white hyper mature cataract from january 2013 to march 2014. We selected patients with a visual acuity (VA) lower than 20/200 on the Monoyer scale. We excluded patients suspect of zonula fibers weakness. Morphological features assessed were LT, axial length, depth of anterior chamber and vitreous length, measured by A or B ulrasound scan. The other parameters assessed were the surgical duration, complications during surgery, VA and corneal edema at the seventh day after surgery (analogic scale from 0 to 3).Results We included 30 eyes of 29 patients. Mean LT was 4.11 ± 0.64 mm, with a median of 3,89 mm. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between LT and operative duration was 0.27. The PCC between lens thickness and length of anterior chamber was ‐0.32. The PCC between LT and BCVA at the 7th day after surgery was ‐0.53. Two groups were defined: group 1 with LT < 3.89mm, and group 2 with LT > 3.89mm. Mean length of the anterior chamber were respectively 3.48 and 3.02 mm (p=0.01). Three per operative complications were noted.Conclusion LT in white hyper mature cataract did not seem to be correlated with duration of the surgery. However, it seemed to be inversely correlated with the depth of anterior chamber and with visual acuity at the 7th day.
Long term results of toric intraocular lens implantation for correction of astigmatism in cataract patients with corneal ectasia
Authors: PARIKAKIS E , CHATZIRALLI I , STRATOS E , PEPONIS V , KARAGIANNIS D , DAVID G , MITROPOULOS P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Our purpose was to examine the long‐term efficacy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with high astigmatism due to corneal ectasia, who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery.Methods Seven cases, in which phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation was used to correct high astigmatism in cataract patients with topographically stable keratoconus or PMD, were reported. Objective and subjective refraction, visual acuity measurement and corneal topography were performed in all cases before and after cataract surgery.Results In all cases, there was a significant improvement in visual acuity, as well as refraction, which remained stable over time. Specifically, in subjective refraction, all patients achieved visual acuity from 7/10 to 9/10 with up to ‐2.50 cyl. Corneal topography also remained stable. Post‐operative follow‐up was 22‐32 months.Conclusion Cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation seems to be safe and effective in correcting astigmatism and improving visual function, in cataract patients with topographically stable keratoconus or PMD.
Comparative study of anterior segment measurement with rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer and optical low coherence reflectometry
Authors: ASCASO FJ , HUERVA V , SOLDEVILA J , LAVILLA L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The aim of the study was to compare the anterior segment measurements obtained with optical low coherence reflectometry (Lenstar LS 900, version 1.1, Haag‐Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland) and rotating dual Scheimpflug analyzer (Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer versión 3, Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland).Methods Prospective, comparative, observational study in which 59 eyes of 30 patients who needed a preoperative study for a refractive procedure or cataract surgery were studied with both the Lenstar 900 and Galilei systems. Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), horizontal limbal distance (white‐to‐white distance; WTW), pupil diameter (PD), as well as the keratometric readings at the steepest meridian (Ks), the flattest meridian (Kf), the corneal astigmatism power, and the plus astigmatic cylinder axis were measured. Degree of agreement between Ks, Kf, astigmatism power, cylinder axis, CCT, ACD, WTW and PD were the main outcome measures.Results Ks, Kf, corneal astigmatism power, cylinder axis, and WTW measurements with the Lenstar and the Galilei system showed narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA), which implies good agreement (p>0.05, Bland‐Altman plot analysis). In contrast, range and 95% LoA were significantly different for CCT, ACD and PD values (p<0.05, Bland‐Altman plot analysis).Conclusion In clinical practice, the Lenstar and the Galilei system can be used interchangeably for WTW measurements and K readings but not for CCT, ACD and PD values.
An aggressive small choroidal melanoma
Authors: LAUWERS N , DE GROOT V , DE KEIZER RJW 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To describe a small non diffuse choroidal melanoma with extraocular extension.Methods Case‐reportResults We describe the case of a 50year‐old patient presenting with visual loss and metamorphopsia. Fundus examination revealed a suprapapillary trilobular choroidal mass with inhomogenous pigmentation and lipofuscin. The optic nerve was slightly oedematous. On fluorescein angiography, the lesion revealed pin‐points and exsudation. Ultrasound sonography (20Mhz) showed a peripapillary lesion of 3mm thickness. MRI was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. No extraocular extension was seen on MRI or ultrasound imaging. Because of optic nerve oedema we decided to perform an enucleation. On pathology, the lesion measured 9mm diameter and 3mm thickness. It was mostly composed of epithelioïd cells and it showed scleral, perineural , optic nerve and periocular soft tissue invasion. Complementary orbital radiotherapy was performed. Until now, after one year follow‐up, the patient has shown no metastasis or local recurrence.Conclusion Extraocular invasion in a small thickness non diffuse choroidal melanoma is rare. In times of eye‐sparing choroidal melanoma treatment, the ophthalmologist should not forget the possibility of extra‐ocular involvement, even in small tumors.
Suggestion of optimal response criteria in patients with ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: JUNG S , PAIK JISUN , YANG SW 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (OAML) has been recognized as most common primary orbital malignancy. However, little was known about the response criteria for OAML. Our aim was to suggest response criteria for nonconjunctival OAML, the response evaluation of which using the conventional response criteria is inappropriate.Methods A retrospective chart review of 34 eyes from 30 patients diagnosed with nonconjunctival OAML was conducted, focusing on the change in tumor size based on linear bi‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional methods in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit. The maximum tumor response period of each case was investigated, and the expected optimal response period was calculated using regression analysis.Results In the 30 evaluable patients, the median time taken for the maximum tumor response was 6 months (range, 3–18 months). More than 75% of patients attained a maximal tumor response in 6 months after initial therapy (median follow‐up period, 30 months; range, 15–77 months). Based on the regression analysis, it took 4.7 months for the maximum diameter (2r) of the tumor to decrease by 50% of the initial lesion size.Conclusion We cautiously suggest that the optimal response could be defined as a 50% reduction of the maximum diameter within 6 months of treatment initiation and that only observation without additional therapy is adequate for nonconjunctival OAML if an optimal response is achieved.
Association between ocular optical components and refractive errors in bank’s Employees of Sari, Iran
Authors: YEKTA AA , HASHEMI H , NAKHAEE MA , KHABAZKHOOB M , OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , HERAVIAN J , AZIMI A , YEKTA R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the association between ocular optical components and refractive errors in bank’s employees of Sari, IranMethods In this cross sectional study 398 bank’s employees of Sari, Iran were selected, 232 of them used the eyes for close work (computers, etc…) for a minimum of 7 hours per day for the 5 past years. The other 166 bank’s employees acted as a control group and did not did a close work more than one hour daily for the 5 past years. Age of the participants were between 25 to 40 years old. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens diameter and vitreous depth were measured with Nidek biometer. Corneal radius and non cycloplegic refraction performed with autorefracto‐keratometer; refractive errors were checked by retinoscopy and subjective tests. There was a high correlation between equivalent sphere (ES) right and left eyes of the subjects (0.9) and data of the right eye was analyzed. Data were analyzed by using version 19 of SPSS software.Results The results showed that the bank’s employees who had excessive use of the eyes for near work have more axial length (p<0.001), more anterior chamber depth (p=0.003) and more vitreous chamber depth (p<0.001) than the control group. There was no significant difference between lens diameter (p=0.525) and cornel radius (p=0.666) of the two groups. There was correlation between axial length and SE by increasing in axial length (p<0.000). The least amount correlation was found between lens diameter and ES (P< 0.000).Conclusion The results of this study indicated that ocular optical components changed toward myopia in people who had excessive close work.
Using statistical decomposition to improve the identification of the photopic negative response of the erg
Authors: SAROSSY M , HADOUX X , TANG J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) is known to be correlated with disease severity in animal models of glaucoma. The technique has found little utility in the clinical setting due to the difficulty involved in obtaining repeatable measures. . Inter‐Session reliability has been poorly successful because of the difficulty to consistently identify and define the PhNR. In this study we propose a robust PhNR measure based on curve fit modelling of the three components of the electroretinogram (ERG) response. The robustness of this measure comes from the use of a global 'shape' as a PhNR measure which is less sensitive to variations than measuring a single value on the ERG.Methods 39 subjects with ‘normal’ eyes were recruited. Each subject underwent 2 sessions of bilateral ERG tests at five brightness levels. Raw data obtained from the tests was exported to the R statistical program. A parametric function consisting of a linear combination of three Gaussian functions was fitted to each averaged response . For each of these components, the optimal parameters were estimated using non‐linear least squares. The amplitude of the 3rd Gaussian was used as a measure of the PhNR.Results Rapid convergence and successful fitting was achieved for 446 out of 457 traces. The amplitude of the third Gaussian correlated well with the manually measured PhNR (r=0.79). Bland Altman plots showed good agreement between modelled waveforms and raw data.Conclusion By decomposing the ERG into three components the effect of variability of the baseline and the b wave can be decreased. Agreement between the 3rd Gaussian amplitude and manually estimated PhNR was reasonable. Inter‐session reliability of this new measure will be further assessed.
Changes in ocular factors according to motion‐in‐depth of 3D display and viewer age
Authors: YUM HR , SHIN SY , KANG HB , PARK SH 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare changes in ocular factors according to the motion‐in‐depth of three‐dimensional(3D) images and viewer age after watching a 3D display.Methods 30 healthy subjects were enrolled(17 in their 20‐30s, 13 in their 40‐50s). Subjects watched a 3D display with a 1° and 3° binocular disparity with two defined velocities(slow, 105mm/s; fast, 257mm/s)for 30 min. The near point of accommodation(NPA) and convergence(NPC), and tear break‐up time(tBUT) were measured before and after watching the display. All measures were remeasured until it returned to the baseline. Questionnaires on subjective symptoms were collected before and after watching the display.Results NPA increased more in the fast motion‐in‐depth than slow motion‐in‐depth after watching 3D video. NPC increased more in the fast motion‐in‐depth than slow motion‐in‐depth after watching 3D video with 3° disparity only. According to the age, NPA increased more in the 40‐50s group than in the 20‐30s group after watching with 3° disparity/fast motion‐in‐depth only. NPC increased more in the 40‐50s group than in the 20‐30s group after watching with 3° disparity/fast motion‐in‐depth and slow motion‐in‐depth. The recovery time of NPA and NPC were same results as the change of NPA and NPC. However, the changes of tBUT were not significantly different between the two age groups and between the two motion‐in‐depths. Changes of subjective symptoms were different according to the motion‐in‐depth of 3D display and viewer age.Conclusion We quantitiatively investigate the effect of motion‐in‐depth of 3D display and viewers’ age on the viewers’ visual function. The results indicate that motion‐in‐depth might be considered in determining visual comfort of 3D display, especially in older people.
Effects of long duration dive (8, 10 and 12 hours) with hyperbaric hyperoxia on Navy divers’ eye and visual function
Authors: VALERO B , CASTAGNA O , BRUGIER A , VIGNAL R , DE FARIA A , BOURNIQUEL M , SEKFALI R , BLATTEAU JE , GIRAUD JM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess anatomical and functional effects of long duration dive (8 to 12 hours) on the eye, by reproducing all the constraints undergone by professional divers, so as to prevent potential hazard to diver visual function.Methods 18 male Navy divers performed prolonged dive sessions (8, 10 and 12 hours), breathing 50% Nitrox or 100% O2, according to immersion depth (7 to 20 msw), and amounting to 1.54 to 1.7 bar inhaled PO2. for each diver, we studied several parameters 24 hours before and 15 hours after immersion: visual acuity, low spatial contrast sensitivity, color vision, eye refraction, ocular examination, visual field, full‐field clinical electroretinography and multifocal electroretinography.Results None of the 18 divers had any loss of visual acuity. No change occurred following dive in spatial contrast sensitivity, color vision, eye refraction, visual field parameters (corrected mean deviation, foveolar threshold). Ocular examination was normal for all the divers, before and after immersion. Regarding full‐field clinical electroretinography, b‐wave was significantly decreased after immersion (286,64 µV ± 60,34 vs 270,07 µV ± 57,64, p = 0,015) on scotopic response with white attenuated stimulation. No significant modification occurred in multifocal electroretinography.Conclusion Thus long duration hyperoxic dive didn't cause any clinically significant eye modification. No immediate harm to diver eye and visual function appeared. The slight modifications on electroretinography could be due to intra or inter‐individual variations, but they raise question about subclinical functional effects of hyperoxia that could affect rod‐cell function.
A novel technique for measuring dark adaptation using a dual stimulus method: Effects of aging and AMD on dark adaptation
Authors: RODRIGO E , TAHIR HJ , PARRY NRA , KELLY JMF , ASLAM T , CARDEN D , MARRAY IJ 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To study abnormal dark adaptation (DA) in aging and macular degeneration (AMD) using a new technique that measures DA at two retinal locations by using a dual stimulus. To establish whether there are localized regions of impaired rod function, especially the rate of the rod‐mediated recovery (S2) as it has been previously suggestedMethods Dual arc‐shaped white stimuli were presented on a black CRT monitor at locations 6º and 11º of eccentricity in the inferior visual fiel. Recovery of sensitivity to the two stimuli was measured concurrently using the method of adjustment, following a bleaching exposure of at least 30%. The dynamic range of the CRT was expanded using ND filters. DA curves were obtained after fitting the data by non‐linear regression to a seven‐parameter model. Three groups of observers (young, older and AMD) were tested to detrmine any differences between them and the effect of the testing location, focusing on parameters α (rod‐cone break) and S2 (slope of the post‐ α phase of rod recovery)Results Both stimuli produced matched cone recovery curves within each group. Comparing groups (young vs. older) and (older vs. AMD), we found significant differences in the two DA parameters studied here. Regarding the AMD group, we found a trend in both parameters to be more affected at 6º than at 11º, however, these differences were not significantConclusion This technique has shown to be sensitive to detect changes in rod recovery in AMD patients compared to healthy subjects and allows the measurement of DA in two retinal locations simultaneously. It may help in the early diagnosis and monitoring of degenerative diseases of the macula, which are increasingly common