bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gender wage gap among Spanish managers
Authors: Scicchitano Sergio 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of sticky floor and glass ceiling effects in the gender wage gap (GWG) among Spanish managers. In addition, the paper determines if the pay gap at every quantile is a result of the gender characteristic differences, or the differences in returns to those characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper exploits a counterfactual decomposition analysis, using quantile regression, to decompose the GWG into one component that is based on differences in characteristics and one component that is based on differences in coefficients across the wage distribution.

Findings
– A significant GWG over all the wage distribution is found. Such a gap exhibits a clear U-shaped pattern, thus pointing out both significant sticky floor and glass ceiling effects. Furthermore, the paper shows that such pattern is mainly determined by the coefficient effect, whose relative incidence is almost continuously increasing along the wage distribution.

Research limitations/implications
– While it is difficult to give a definitive explanation for the significant U-shaped pattern in the GWG and for the bigger incidence of the glass ceiling, the authors suggest two possible explanations that are consistent with these findings. The paper leaves the identification of these explanations to future research.

Practical implications
– The pattern of rising coefficient effects at higher quantiles suggests that the glass ceiling is a more relevant question than the sticky floor. Indeed, at the highest wage quantiles, differences in characteristics make essentially no contribution to the overall wage gap. This suggests that upper-echelon female managers have the same characteristics as their male counterparts, which emphasizes the role of discrimination for these top-level jobs.

Originality/value
– Despite the general GWG has been largely investigated, the analysis of a wage differential among managerial workers has certainly drawn much less attention. In particular just a few papers have investigated the existence of sticky floors and glass ceiling among managers. In addition, as to Spain, there is no empirical survey investigating and decomposing the gender pay gap among managers.
Delphi-based strategic issue management: crafting consumer goods supply chain strategy
Authors: Förster Bernadette , Keller Jonas , A. von der Gracht Heiko , Darkow Inga-Lena 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Consumer goods supply chains (SCs) are characterized by continuously changing customer trends. Early detection of these trends is crucial for deriving successful long-term SC strategies. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic process to support decision makers in assessing future-relevant issues and developing strategies.Design/methodology/approach– In order to contribute to the quality of long-term decision making for SC strategy, we combine strategic issue management (SIM) and corporate foresight methodology. The authors develop a procedure that integrates the Delphi technique and SIM to empirically demonstrate how “Delphi-based SIM” can support SC strategy development.Findings– The paper demonstrates how to craft a strategy for consumer goods SCs supported by Delphi-based SIM. The authors are able to include and evaluate uncertain and ambivalent future developments. Pertinent strategic issues for the consumer goods SC include: consumer demographics, automated ordering, city supply, and concept stores. For the reference company, five different strategic paths were created and evaluated.Practical implications– It is challenging for companies to be well prepared for dynamic business environments and to successfully establish a robust SC strategy. The authors develop a systematic Delphi-based SIM for detecting and evaluating signals and integrating them into SC strategy development.Originality/value– To date, a structured approach to integrate uncertain and ambivalent issues into SC strategy development is missing. With SIM and corporate foresight, the authors provide novel methods for strategy development in the consumer goods SC.
Persona missing, feared drowned: the digital persona concept, two decades later
Authors: Clarke Roger 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to document the development path of a specific concept during its first 20 years.

Design/methodology/approach
– Evidence was extracted of the citation-counts of relevant articles, uses of the term in other articles that do not cite the original articles, and uses of terms with similar meanings. Examination of the data took into account insights from epidemiology, memetics and diffusion of innovations theory.

Findings
– The concept has had insufficient impact to overcome the weaknesses in theory and practice that it was intended to address. It has lacked champions. It has proven to be sufficiently fit to survive, but not to flourish.

Research limitations/implications
– Google Scholar has a wide catchment area, and hence provides a basis for tracking the path of development of new ideas. However, the tools remain fairly blunt, and do not, for example, enable efficient extraction of patterns of citation over time, or the nature of the uses made of terms by the citing articles.

Practical implications
– Neologisms take on a life of their own, losing the associations that they were intended to have with other ideas, and shedding their embedment in a body of theory. For a new term to successfully project a meme, its proponent must enthuse a critical mass of early adopters to apply it, and to generate a further round of adopters.

Originality/value
– Concepts are seldom tracked over time. This paper shows that a new term and its associated body of theory require more than publications in top-level journals if they are to have significant impacts on academic research and industry practice.
Unlocking laggard markets: innovation without high tech
Authors: Matzler Kurt , A. Mooradian Todd , Füller Johann , Anschober Markus 
Published: May 2014

Purpose–In every market there are non-consumers – potential customers that withstand an innovation. A common reason is that products targeted to early adopters or the mass market are over-engineered. Established companies usually neglect the laggards in a market. This offers growth opportunities for new entrants. These market niches can be unlocked when products are simplified and adapted to the special needs of the laggards.Design/methodology/approach–Using a short case study from an Austrian producer of cell-phones targeted to seniors, and some other examples, we show how innovative solutions can be developed by targeting to the special needs of laggards in a market.Findings–Technologies usually evolve faster than market needs and established companies, in their efforts to grow and improve profitability, try to innovate faster than their competitors. This often leads to over-engineered products. In many markets there are consumers that withstand these innovative and over-engineered products. A vacuum for low-priced, simple, and easy-to-use solutions emerges. We describe a five-step approach for unlocking these market segments and developing solutions for laggards.Originality/value–While most companies try to innovate faster than their competitors to defend their market leadership, laggard innovation targets non-consumers in the market. By simplifying over-engineered products and adapting them to the special needs of laggards, new market opportunities emerge. This paper shows how these market niches can be unlocked.
Attitudes toward women in policing
Authors: C. Chu Doris , Tsao Chang-Chi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare Taiwanese male and female cadets’ attitudes toward women in policing. Specifically, this study assesses whether female and male recruits differ in: their assessment of women in policing; and their preferred roles of women in policing.

Design/methodology/approach
– Surveys were conducted with 438 cadets (229 males and 209 females) who received recruitment training at the Taiwan Police College in 2011. This methodology provided a rich sample to explore police recruits’ attitudes toward women in policing.

Findings
– Although male cadets had reservations about females’ capability and physical strength in handling certain aspects of police work, they supported women being assigned to equal or similar duties as men upon entry into the police force. Compared to male cadets, female cadets were more likely to perceive females as being competent as males and thus adequate for police work. Nevertheless, female cadets were reluctant to embrace women's integration into police work, which might require them to perform duties similar to or the same as those of men, such as patrol.

Research limitations/implications
– It should be noted that the survey in the current study was conducted while recruits were going through training at the police college. The authors cannot rule out the possibility that surveys conducting under this type of circumstances may result in socially desirable responses. Future study should include surveys with cadets at different stages of their training (before, between, and at the end of the training) to further examine if the levels of recruits’ receptiveness to gender integration change over time.

Practical implications
– This finding highlights the importance of equipping female recruits with mental preparation and physical skills. The training at the academy should prepare cadets with the required skills to serve as patrol officers to boost their confidence. Equally important is to provide suitable training to help cadets raise stress awareness and develop coping mechanisms.

Originality/value
– Most studies conducted in the past have mainly focussed on police officers’ perceptions of women in policing. Only a handful of studies examine future police recruits’ attitudes toward women in policing, and most of these studies are conducted in western countries. A better understanding of police recruits’ attitudes toward women in policing in a non-western cultural setting can provide insight into theoretical and policy perspectives related to these issues.
Public contacts with Russian police in life-threatening situations
Authors: Semukhina Olga 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine key factors responsible for unwillingness of Russian respondents to contact police in life-threatening situations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on a survey data (n=5,088) collected during 1998-2007 in Volgograd, Russia. The multivariate regression is employed for data analysis.

Findings
– Findings of this study suggest that pervasive public distrust and dissatisfaction of police institution coupled with fear of police abuse and negative previous experiences with crime reporting are responsible for citizens’ unwillingness to contact Russian police.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings imply that both instrumental and normative approaches to the police legitimacy are useful when explaining the issues of public-police cooperation in Russia.

Practical implications
– Paper also has practical implications pertinent to the 2011 police reform in Russia.

Originality/value
– The study also provides an original empirical research in previously under-research area of public-police cooperation in Russia and advances the understanding of Russian police by using the process-based model of policing.
The effect of securitization on US bank lending and monetary policy transmission
Authors: Ben Salah Nesrine , Fedhila Hassouna 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of securitization on US bank lending and monetary policy transmission.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a sample of 174 US commercial banks from 2001 to 2008 and regress the ratio of total loans per total assets on variables related to securitization activity, variables related to bank-specific characteristics, economic growth and monetary policy, as well as interaction terms that are the product of this variable with securitization and bank-specific characteristics. GLS and SUR techniques are used.Findings– The results show that a greater recourse to securitization is associated with an increase of US bank lending capacities. Furthermore, it makes banks (especially less liquid ones) less sensitive to a monetary tightening. The authors conclude that when securitization is used as a risk management tool, the efficacy of monetary actions is confirmed. However, when securitization is considered as a substitute for liquid assets, monetary actions become ineffective. So, an increase in federal rates cannot, in this case, affect bank lending.Originality/value– The paper contributes to a better understanding of how securitization affects bank lending and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The volume of securitized assets should now be considered as a part of traditional liquidity measures.
Patronage and the Pariah of Captain Cook's Third Voyage: Captain John Williamson, Sir William Jones and the Duchess of Devonshire
Authors: Bertelsen Lance 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe most perplexing character in the historical drama known as the ‘Death of Captain Cook’ is Lieutenant John Williamson. Reviled by contemporaries for failing to come to Cook's aid at Kealakekua Bay, he was inexplicably promoted and given command upon his return to Britain, a mystery that has led to scholarly accusations of a cover‐up at both shipboard and Admiralty levels. In uncovering patterns of command and patronage that affected Williamson's later career, this article explores the workings of interest in the Royal Navy, expands Williamson's biography and offers new insights into his role in Cook's death.
Community‐based wildlife management failing to link conservation and financial viability
Authors: Humavindu M. N. , Stage J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGiven the considerable popularity of community‐based wildlife management as a conservation tool, it is of interest to assess the long‐run sustainability of this policy not only in conservation terms, but also in financial terms. In this paper, we use cost–benefit analysis to study the social and financial sustainability of a large set of community conservancies in Namibia, one of the few countries where community‐based wildlife management policies have been in place long enough to assess their long‐term viability. We find that, although the social sustainability is generally good, the financial sustainability is problematic – especially for the younger conservancies: there is no real link between conservation achievements and financial success. This calls into question the long‐term sustainability of many of these conservancies: if they are unable to generate enough revenue to pay for their running expenditure, they will eventually fail – even if they are successful from a conservation point of view. Similar problems, linked to the way in which external funders have pushed for additional conservancies to be established regardless of financial considerations, are likely to be present in other countries that have implemented such programmes.
Bowel and bladder function after resection of deeply infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Li Ying Hong , De Vries Bradley , Cooper Michael , Krishnan Surya 
Published: May 2014

AimsTo compare bowel and bladder function following uterosacral or rectovaginal excision of endometriosis with excision of endometriosis from other sites of the pelvis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed via a questionnaire derived from validated questionnaires in the literature. This was applied to the two groups of women who have had endometriosis resected in the last 15 years – those with deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and those with endometriosis from other sites. In the questionnaire, voiding dysfunction, urinary stress incontinence, urinary urge incontinence, stool evacuation and overall symptoms post‐surgery were investigated. The higher the score, the higher the level of dysfunction.ResultsWomen with DIE had higher levels of urinary stress dysfunction than the control group (mean 1 vs 0, IQR 3 vs 2, P = 0.047). Women with DIE also expressed a higher level of bowel dysfunction (mean 2 vs 2, IQR 1 vs 0, P = 0.002). However, women with DIE also reported significant improvement in urinary and bowel dysfunction postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the other variables.ConclusionThe study demonstrated no clear association between the depth of excision of endometriosis with urinary and bowel dysfunction. The differences in urinary stress incontinence and bowel dysfunction may be explained by DIE itself causing damage to the hypogastric plexus.
Unintended pregnancy amongst women attending antenatal clinics at the Port Moresby General Hospital
Authors: Sanga Karen , Mola Glen , Wattimena Jeany , Justesen Aafke , I Black Kirsten 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundNational survey data from Papua New Guinea (PNG) suggest that women are having almost 1.5 times the number of children they desire. Women's ability to space and limit the number of children could have a significant impact on the country's high infant and maternal mortality rates.AimTo determine the prevalence and demographic associations of unintended pregnancy in women presenting for antenatal care to Port Moresby General Hospital.MethodsFrom November 2011 to February 2012, we administered a structured questionnaire to women attending antenatal clinics covering pregnancy intention, contraceptive use and demographic information.ResultsAmongst the 1198 respondents, 49.4% of the pregnancies were reported as unintended with significantly higher proportions amongst women with no education or education only to primary school level (OR:1.46, CI: 1.10–1.92), unmarried women (OR:7.16, CI: 4.08–12.58), women whose first sexual encounter was under the age of 20 (OR 1.55, CI: 1.20–1.99) and women with three or more children compared to those having their first child (OR: 2.70, CI:1.86–3.93). Amongst multiparous women, a short birth interval of less than two years was significantly associated with unintended pregnancy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsUnintended pregnancy was common and occurred more frequently amongst women who already had three or more children, often leading to birth spacing of under two years. There is a need for effective programs and strategies to increase access to contraceptive information and services. Immediate provision of long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods in the postnatal period could facilitate such access and reduce unplanned pregnancy amongst multiparous women.
Pharmacological bronchodilation is partially mediated by reduced airway wall stiffness
Authors: Ansell T K , Noble P B , Mitchell H W , McFawn P K 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeIn asthmatic patients, airflow limitation is at least partly reversed by administration of pharmacological bronchodilators, typically β2‐adrenoceptor agonists. In addition to receptor‐mediated bronchodilation, the dynamic mechanical environment of the lung itself can reverse bronchoconstriction. We have now explored the possibility that bronchodilators exert a synergistic effect with oscillatory loads by virtue of reducing airway wall stiffness, and therefore, enhancing the bronchodilatory response to breathing manoeuvres.Experimental ApproachWhole porcine bronchial segments in vitro were contracted to carbachol and relaxed to the non‐specific β‐adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, under static conditions or during simulated breathing manoeuvres.Key ResultsThe bronchodilatory response to isoprenaline was greater during breathing manoeuvres compared with the response under static conditions. As the bronchodilatory response to breathing manoeuvres is dependent upon airway smooth muscle (ASM) strain, and therefore, airway wall stiffness, our findings are likely to be explained by the effect of isoprenaline on reducing airway wall stiffness, which increased ASM strain, producing greater bronchodilation.Conclusions and ImplicationsA contribution of reduced airway stiffness and increased ASM strain to the bronchodilator action of isoprenaline is shown, suggesting that oscillatory loads act synergistically with pharmacologically mediated bronchodilation. The implications for the treatment of asthma are that reducing airway wall stiffness represents a potential target for novel pharmacological agents.
Baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels predict bevacizumab‐based treatment response in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Prager Gerald W. , Braemswig Kira H. , Martel Alexandra , Unseld Matthias , Heinze Georg , Brodowicz Thomas , Scheithauer Werner , Kornek Gabriela , Zielinski Christoph C. 
Published: May 2014

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) affects tumorigenesis by enhancing tumor cell survival and by inducing tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate baselineCEAserum levels to predict bevacizumab‐based therapy effect and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Two hundred and ninety eight mCRCpatients receiving chemotherapy plus either bevacizumab or cetuximab were analyzed in a retrospective study. Disease control (DC), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival were assessed and related to pretreatmentCEAserum levels. Patients with baselineCEAserum levels below the statistical median of 26.8 ng/mL (group I) were compared with patients with higherCEAlevels (group II). The cetuximab‐based treatment cohort was analyzed for specificity assessment ofCEAto predict the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor effect in mCRC. BaselineCEAserum levels inversely correlated with therapeutic response in patients receiving bevacizumab‐based treatment (disease control rate, 84%vs60%), inversely correlated with medianPFSleading to a medianPFSbenefit of 2.1 months for patients in group I when compared with group II, as well as inversely correlated with median overall survival (37.5 monthsvs21.4 months). In an independent cohort of 129 patients treated with cetuximab‐based therapy, no association of therapeutic response orPFSwithCEAserum levels was found. As expected, baselineCEAlevels were prognostic for mCRC. These data give first evidence that baseline serumCEAlevels might constitute an important predictor for the efficacy of first‐line bevacizumab‐based therapy in patients with mCRC.