bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GmDREB2A;2, a Canonical DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2-Type Transcription Factor in Soybean, Is Posttranslationally Regulated and Mediates Dehydration-Responsive Element-Dependent Gene Expression
Authors: Mizoi Junya , Ohori Teppei , Moriwaki Takashi , Kidokoro Satoshi , Todaka Daisuke , Maruyama Kyonoshin , Kusakabe Kazuya , Osakabe Yuriko , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop around the world. Abiotic stress conditions, such as drought and heat, adversely affect its survival, growth, and production. The DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2 (DREB2) group includes transcription factors that contribute to drought and heat stress tolerance by activating transcription through the cis-element dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in response to these stress stimuli. Two modes of regulation, transcriptional and posttranslational, are important for the activation of gene expression by DREB2A in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the regulatory system of DREB2 in soybean is not clear. We identified a new soybean DREB2 gene, GmDREB2A;2, that was highly induced not only by dehydration and heat but also by low temperature. GmDREB2A;2 exhibited a high transactivation activity via DRE and has a serine/threonine-rich region, which corresponds to a negative regulatory domain of DREB2A that is involved in its posttranslational regulation, including destabilization. Despite the partial similarity between these sequences, the activity and stability of the GmDREB2A;2 protein were enhanced by removal of the serine/threonine-rich region in both Arabidopsis and soybean protoplasts, suggestive of a conserved regulatory mechanism that involves the recognition of serine/threonine-rich sequences with a specific pattern. The heterologous expression of GmDREB2A;2 in Arabidopsis induced DRE-regulated stress-inducible genes and improved stress tolerance. However, there were variations in the growth phenotypes of the transgenic Arabidopsis, the induced genes, and their induction ratios between GmDREB2A;2 and DREB2A. Therefore, the basic function and regulatory machinery of DREB2 have been maintained between Arabidopsis and soybean, although differentiation has also occurred.
NICE clinical guideline (CG152): the management of Crohn's disease in adults, children and young people
Authors: Mayberry J. F. , Lobo A. , Ford A. C. , Thomas A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe guideline offers best practice advice on the care of adults, children and young people with Crohn's disease.AimTo provide clinically effective and cost‐effective evidence‐based recommendations to guide clinical practice in a clinical guideline commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).MethodsA systematic review of the evidence including critical appraisal, meta‐analysis and cost‐effectiveness modelling.ResultsThirty‐one evidence‐based recommendations covering induction and maintenance therapy are available. Five key priorities for implementation are identified together with nine future research recommendations. Three guideline versions are available: short (containing just the recommendations), full (containing the full evidence base) and an Understanding NICE guidance for patients and carers. Algorithms have been produced together with a NICE pathway and implementation tools.ConclusionThese are the first evidence‐based clinical and cost‐effectiveness guidelines for Crohn's disease in the United Kingdom.
Autoantibodies to erythropoietin receptor in patients with immune‐mediated diseases: relationship to anaemia with erythroid hypoplasia
Authors: Hara Akinori , Furuichi Kengo , Higuchi Masato , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe prevalence, clinical associations and pathogenic role of newly identified autoantibodies to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in patients with anaemia were investigated. Sera from 203 patients with immune‐related or chronic kidney diseases were screened for anti‐EPOR antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and antibody specificity was evaluated by immunoprecipitating EPOR from AS‐E2 cells using purified immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions. In addition, the pathogenic role of anti‐EPOR antibodies was determined by examining their inhibitory effects on AS‐E2 cell proliferation. Clinical findings were compared between patients with and without anti‐EPOR antibodies, in all patients and those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum anti‐EPOR antibodies were detected in 52 patients. Purified IgG or IgM fractions from anti‐EPOR antibody‐positive sera immunoprecipitated EPOR and inhibited the EPO‐dependent proliferation of AS‐E2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Anti‐EPOR antibodies were associated with low haemoglobin concentrations and reticulocytopenia in all patients enrolled and those with SLE. Further, there was a negative correlation between the levels of anti‐EPOR antibodies and the number of bone marrow erythroblasts in patients who underwent bone marrow examinations. These findings suggest that EPOR autoantibodies are present in a subset of patients with anaemia and that impaired erythropoiesis can be mediated by anti‐EPOR antibodies, which functionally neutralize EPO activity.
The Role of Acetate in the Etiology of Symptomatic Hypotension
Authors: Keshaviah Prakash R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAcetate, although widely used as the source of buffer in hemodialysis, has been implicated in the development of symptomatic hypotension and hypoxemia during dialysis. Studies of acetate infusion clearly indicate a vasodilatory effect. Acetate also increases cardiac output. If the increase in cardiac output is not adequate to compensate for the decrease in peripheral resistance, hypotension can result. Acetate infusion studies indicate a significant increase in oxygen consumption. This may be the most plausible explanation for dialysis‐induced hypoxemia. Correction of the hypoxemia with supplemental oxygen has been shown to reduce the incidence of hypotensive episodes and intradialytic symptoms. Studies comparing cardiovascular stability during acetate and bicarbonate dialysis indicate that bicarbonate dialysis is beneficial only when the fall in serum osmolality during dialysis is significant. If the fall in serum osmolality is blunted either with a high‐sodium dialysate or mannitol infusions, there is little difference between acetate and bicarbonate. From a practical viewpoint, high‐sodium dialysis is technically less complex and expensive than bicarbonate dialysis.
Systemic Associations of Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analysis: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Lim Michelle , Sasongko Muhammad B. , Ikram Mohammad K. , Lamoureux Ecosse , Wang Jie Jin , Wong Tien Yin , Cheung Carol Y. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic mechanism of CVD. The retinal microvascular network offers a unique, non‐invasive window to study endothelial function. Recently, dynamic measurement of retinal vessel caliber using flicker light stimulation has been used to evaluate potential endothelial dysfunction and other mechanisms in CVD. A variety of studies now indicate that retinal vasodilation during flicker light simulation is reduced in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, and may be influenced by age and race/ethnicity. These data suggest that flicker light‐induced retinal vasodilation may be a unique and non‐invasive measure of endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses recent studies on systemic associations of flicker light‐induced retinal vasodilation, and discusses the potential for future research in this area.
Coordination and Optimization: The Integrated Supply Chain Analysis with Non-Linear Price-Sensitive Demand
Authors: UDDIN Mohammed Forhad , SANO Kazushi 
Published: November 2012

In this work, a supply chain with coordination mechanism consisting single vendor and buyer is considered. Further, instead of price sensitive linear or deterministic demand function, a price-sensitive non-linear demand function is introduced in this paper. To find the inventory cost, penalty cost and transportation cost, it is considered that the production and shipping functions of vendor are continuously harmonized and occur at the same rate. In this integrated supply chain, the Buyer’s Linear Program (LP), vendor’s Integer Program (IP) and coordinated Mixed Integer Program (MIP) models are formulated. Numerical examples presented in this research, which include the sensitivity of the key parameters to illustrate the models. The solution procedures demonstrate that the individual profit as well as joint profit could be increased by coordination mechanism even though the demand function is non-linear. In addition, the results illustrate that Buyer’s selling price with consumers purchasing price could be decreased which may increase the demand of the end market. Finally, a conclusion is drawn in favor of the coordinated supply chain with non-linear price sensitive demand function.
Finding Most Vital Links over Time in a Flow Network
Authors: MOROWATI-SHALILVAND Shahram , MEHRI-TEKMEH Javad 
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with finding most vital links of a network which carries flows over time (also called ”dynamic flows”). Given a network and a time horizon T, Single Most Vital Link Over Time (SMVLOT) problem looks for a link whose removal results in greatest decrease in the value of maximum flow over time (dynamic maximum flow) up to time horizon T between two terminal nodes. SMVLOT problem is formulated as a mixed binary linear programming problem. This formulation is extended to a general case called k-Most Vital Links Over Time (KMVLOT) problem, in which we look for finding those k links whose removal makes greatest decrease in the value of maximum flow over time. A Benders decomposition algorithm is proposed for solving SMVLOT and KMVLOT problems. For the case of SMVLOT problem, the proposed algorithm is improved to a fully combinatorial algorithm by adopting an iterative method for solving existing integer programming problem. However, our experimental results showed the superiority of proposed methods.
Performance Evaluation of the New Roche cobas AmpliPrep/cobas TaqMan HCV Test, Version 2.0, for Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus RNA
Authors: Pas S. , Molenkamp R. , Schinkel J. , Rebers S. , Copra C. , Seven-Deniz S. , Thamke D. , de Knegt R. J. , Haagmans B. L. , Schutten M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the analytical performance and explore the clinical applicability of the new Roche cobas AmpliPrep/cobas TaqMan HCV test, v2.0 (CAP/CTM v2.0), a platform comparison was performed on panels and diagnostic samples with the Roche cobas AmpliPrep/cobas TaqMan HCV test (CAP/CTM v1.0), the Siemens Versant HCV RNA 3.0 branched DNA (bDNA) test, the Abbott
m
2000 RealTi
m
e HCV assay (Real
time
assay), and the Siemens Versant HCV transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) test (TMA assay). The analytical performance of the CAP/CTM v2.0 on WHO and Acrometrix panels and clinical specimens of patients infected with HCV genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 relative to that of the CAP/CTM v1.0 was significantly improved. In a qualitative comparison of the CAP/CTM v2.0 relative to the TMA assay on genotype 1 to 4 samples, the two tests proved to be almost equally sensitive. Response-guided therapy in one of five HCV genotype 4-infected patients previously tested with the CAP/CTM v1.0 would have significantly changed if tested with the CAP/CTM v2.0. In conclusion, the Roche CAP/CTM v2.0 has significantly better performance characteristics than the former CAP/CTM HCV v1.0 and the bDNA assay and performance characteristics comparable to those of the Real
time
assay.
Comparison of Broth Enhancement to Direct Plating for Screening of Rectal Cultures for Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Liss Michael A. , Nakamura Kristen K. , Peterson Ellena M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

A transrectal prostate biopsy is the most common procedure used to establish the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prior to biopsy, patients are commonly given ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis. However, a complication of the procedure is infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, in particular resistant
Escherichia coli
. In order to identify patients carrying ciprofloxacin-resistant
E. coli
, so as to tailor their antibiotic prophylaxis, rectal swabs are screened using selective broth and/or solid medium. In our evaluation, we compared broth enrichment and direct plating techniques by using brain heart infusion broth and MacConkey agar containing 1 μg/ml or 10 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin. Of the 100 patients included in the study, 20 were colonized with ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms, 19 of which were
E. coli
. There was no significant difference (
P
> 0.1) between the culture methods or the ciprofloxacin concentrations in the medium when identifying patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant
E. coli
; however, broth enrichment using 1 μg/ml ciprofloxacin was the most sensitive at 100%, but it was the least specific. Direct plating of rectal swabs onto MacConkey agar containing 10 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin was 100% specific and missed only 1 positive specimen, with a sensitivity of 94.7%; this method was the most cost-effective. Therefore, direct plating of rectal swabs onto selective medium proved to be a sensitive and cost-effective approach in identifying patients colonized with ciprofloxacin-resistant
E. coli
.
Comparative Evaluation of the Nanosphere Verigene RV+ Assay and the Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV Kit for Detection of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Authors: Alby Kevin , Popowitch Elena B. , Miller Melissa B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Using retrospective (
n
= 200) and prospective (
n
= 150) nasopharyngeal specimens, we evaluated the Nanosphere Verigene RV+ and the Focus Diagnostics Simplexa Flu A/B & RSV tests. Overall, RV+ demonstrated sensitivities and specificities of 96.6% and 100% for influenza A virus, 100% and 99.7% for influenza B virus, and 100% and 100% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), while the Simplexa test sensitivities and specificities were 82.8 and 99.7%, 76.2 and 100%, and 94.6 and 100%, respectively.
Critical Role of MDA5 in the Interferon Response Induced by Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Dendritic Cells and
In Vivo
Authors: Baños-Lara M. Del Rocío , Ghosh Arpita , Guerrero-Plata Antonieta 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory paramyxovirus of global clinical relevance. Despite the substantial knowledge generated during the last 10 years about hMPV infection, information regarding the activation of the immune response against this virus remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the helicase melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is essential to induce the interferon response after hMPV infection in human and mouse dendritic cells as well as in an experimental mouse model of infection. Our findings
in vitro
and
in vivo
showed that MDA5 is required for the expression and activation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs). hMPV infection induces activation of IRF-3, and it regulates the expression of IRF-7. However, both IRF-3 and IRF-7 are critical for the production of type I and type III IFNs. In addition, our
in vivo
studies in hMPV-infected mice indicated that MDA5 alters viral clearance, enhances disease severity and pulmonary inflammation, and regulates the production of cytokines and chemokines in response to hMPV. These findings are relevant for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hMPV infection.
Identification and Functional Analysis of the Novel ORF4 Protein Encoded by Porcine Circovirus Type 2
Authors: He Jialing , Cao Jingjing , Zhou Niu , Jin Yulan , Wu Jiusheng , Zhou Jiyong 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases in pigs. To date, viral proteins Cap, Rep, Rep′, and ORF3, encoded by the PCV2 genome, have been described. Here, transcription and translation of a novel viral gene within the PCV2 genome (designated ORF4) was determined and functionally analyzed
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Northern blot analysis indicated that the RNA transcribed from the ORF4 gene is about 180 bp in length and overlaps ORF3 in the same direction. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the viral ORF4 protein is not essential for virus replication in PK-15 cells and in mice infected with an ORF4-deficient PCV2 (PCV2Δ). PCV2Δ triggered higher activity levels of caspase-3 and -8 than wild-type PCV2 (wPCV2) in PK-15 cells. The antigenic epitopes of two mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against the viral ORF4 protein were mapped to the same 19KSSASPR25 peptide. Expression of ORF4 was confirmed using the specific MAbs in wPCV2-infected PK-15 cells and mice. Mice infected with PCV2Δ had a higher serum viral load (genomic copies) and more severe lymphoid tissue damage in the spleen than those infected with wPCV2. Meanwhile, flow-cytometric analysis indicated that the PCV2Δ infection caused a significant decrease of CD4
+
and CD8
+
T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that ORF4 is a newly discovered viral protein that is not essential for PCV2 replication but plays a role in suppressing caspase activity and regulating CD4
+
and CD8
+
T lymphocytes during PCV2 infection.
A Vaccine Based on the Rhesus Cytomegalovirus UL128 Complex Induces Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Wussow Felix , Yue Yujuan , Martinez Joy , Deere Jesse D. , Longmate Jeff , Herrmann Andreas , Barry Peter A. , Diamond Don J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) are important for interfering with horizontal transmission of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) leading to primary and congenital HCMV infection. Recent findings have shown that a pentameric virion complex formed by the glycoproteins gH/gL, UL128, UL130, and UL131A (UL128C) is required for HCMV entry into epithelial/endothelial cells (Epi/EC) and is the target of potent NAb in HCMV-seropositive individuals. Using bacterial artificial chromosome technology, we have generated a modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) that stably coexpresses all 5 rhesus CMV (RhCMV) proteins homologous to HCMV UL128C, termed MVA-RhUL128C. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of RhgH with the other 4 RhCMV subunits of the pentameric complex. All 8 RhCMV-naïve rhesus macaques (RM) vaccinated with MVA-RhUL128C developed NAb that blocked infection of monkey kidney epithelial cells (MKE) and rhesus fibroblasts. NAb titers induced by MVA-RhUL128C measured on both cell types at 2 to 6 weeks postvaccination were comparable to levels observed in naturally infected RM. In contrast, MVA expressing a subset of RhUL128C proteins or RhgB glycoprotein only minimally stimulated NAb that inhibited infection of MKE. In addition, following subcutaneous RhCMV challenge at 8 weeks postvaccination, animals vaccinated with MVA-RhUL128C showed reduced plasma viral loads. These results indicate that MVA expressing the RhUL128C induces NAb inhibiting RhCMV entry into both Epi/EC and fibroblasts and limits RhCMV replication in RM. This novel approach is the first step in developing a prophylactic HCMV vaccine designed to interfere with virus entry into major cell types permissive for viral replication, a required property of an effective vaccine.
Unusual Features of Vaccinia Virus Extracellular Virion Form Neutralization Resistance Revealed in Human Antibody Responses to the Smallpox Vaccine
Authors: Benhnia Mohammed Rafii-El-Idrissi , Maybeno Matthew , Blum David , Aguilar-Sino Rowena , Matho Michael , Meng Xiangzhi , Head Steven , Felgner Philip L. , Zajonc Dirk M. , Koriazova Lilia , Kato Shinichiro , Burton Dennis R. , Xiang Yan , Crowe James E. , Peters Bjoern , Crotty Shane 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe extracellular virion form (EV) of vaccinia virus (VACV) is essential for viral pathogenesis and is difficult to neutralize with antibodies. Why this is the case and how the smallpox vaccine overcomes this challenge remain incompletely understood. We previously showed that high concentrations of anti-B5 antibodies are insufficient to directly neutralize EV (M. R. Benhnia, et al., J. Virol. 83:1201–1215, 2009). This allowed for at least two possible interpretations: covering the EV surface is insufficient for neutralization, or there are insufficient copies of B5 to allow anti-B5 IgG to cover the whole surface of EV and another viral receptor protein remains active. We endeavored to test these possibilities, focusing on the antibody responses elicited by immunization against smallpox. We tested whether human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the three major EV antigens, B5, A33, and A56, could individually or together neutralize EV. While anti-B5 or anti-A33 (but not anti-A56) MAbs of appropriate isotypes were capable of neutralizing EV in the presence of complement, a mixture of anti-B5, anti-A33, and anti-A56 MAbs was incapable of directly neutralizing EV, even at high concentrations. This remained true when neutralizing the IHD-J strain, which lacks a functional version of the fourth and final known EV surface protein, A34. These immunological data are consistent with the possibility that viral proteins may not be the active component of the EV surface for target cell binding and infectivity. We conclude that the protection afforded by the smallpox vaccine anti-EV response is predominantly mediated not by direct neutralization but by isotype-dependent effector functions, such as complement recruitment for antibodies targeting B5 and A33.
Myxovirus Resistance Gene A (MxA) Expression Suppresses Influenza A Virus Replication in Alpha Interferon-Treated Primate Cells
Authors: Matzinger Shannon R. , Carroll Timothy D. , Dutra Joseph C. , Ma Zhong-Min , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Alpha interferon (IFN-α) production is triggered when influenza virus RNA is detected by appropriate pattern recognition receptors in the host cell. IFN-α induces the expression of more than 300 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and this blunts influenza virus replication. The human ISG MxA can inhibit influenza A virus replication in mouse cells by interfering with a step in the virus replication cycle after primary transcription of the negative-strand RNA genome to mRNA (J. Pavlovic, O. Haller, and P. Staeheli, J. Virol. 66:2564–2569, 1992). To determine the role of MxA in blocking human influenza A virus replication in primate cells, we manipulated MxA expression in rhesus kidney epithelial cells (LLC-MK
2
) and human lung carcinoma cells (A549). We found that IFN-α treatment prior to influenza virus infection suppressed virus replication and induced the expression of many ISGs, including MxA. However, IFN-α-mediated suppression of virus replication was abolished by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of MxA expression in IFN-treated cells. In addition, influenza virus replication was suppressed in Vero cells stably transfected with MxA. A strand-specific reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay showed that positive-strand influenza virus mRNA and negative-strand genomic RNA (gRNA) accumulated to high levels at 8 h after infection in control Vero cells containing the empty vector. However, in Vero cells stably transfected with MxA positive-strand influenza virus mRNA, complementary positive-strand influenza virus genome RNA (cRNA) and influenza virus gRNA were drastically suppressed. Thus, in primate cells, MxA inhibits human seasonal influenza virus replication at a step prior to primary transcription of gRNA into mRNA. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MxA mediates control of influenza virus replication in primate cells treated with IFN-α.