bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etude paleontologique et paleoecologique du rivage bartonien d'Attainville (val d'Oise)
Authors: Perreau Michel , Pomerol Charles 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Three formations (Mortefontaine, Beauchamp, and Ezanville), three biofacies, stratigraphic distribution of species, pelecypods, gastropods, scaphopods, foraminifers, and madrepores, depositional environment, Eocene, France
Association of Race/Ethnicity, Inflammation, and Albuminuria in Patients With Diabetes and Early Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sinha Satyesh K. , Shaheen Magda , Rajavashisth Tripathi B. , Pan Deyu , Norris Keith C. , Nicholas Susanne B. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics have higher diabetes and end-stage renal disease but similar or lower early chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with whites. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related CKD. We postulated that in contrast to the general population, AAs and Hispanics have a higher prevalence of early diabetic CKD and systemic inflammatory markers compared with whites.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2008 of 2,310 diabetic patients aged ≥20 years with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL. We performed multiple linear regression among patients with early CKD (urinary albumin excretion [UAE] ≥30 μg/mL and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) to test the relationship between UAE and C-reactive protein (CRP) by race/ethnicity, adjusting for demographics, diabetes duration, FPG, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, white blood cell count, medication use, cardiovascular disease, and related parameters.

RESULTS
In patients with diabetes, the prevalence of early CKD was greater among Hispanics and AAs than whites (P &lt; 0.0001). AAs had higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for CRP ≥0.2 mg/dL (AOR 1.81 [95% CI 1.19–2.78]), and Hispanics had higher AOR for UAE ≥30 μg/mL (AOR 1.65 [1.07–2.54]). In a regression model adjusted for confounding variables, there was a significant association between UAE and CRP in the mid-CRP tertile (CRP 0.20–0.56 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and highest CRP tertile (CRP ≥0.57 mg/dL, P = 0.01) for Hispanics, but only in the mid-CRP tertile (P = 0.04) for AAs, compared with whites.

CONCLUSIONS
AAs and Hispanics with diabetes have a higher prevalence of early CKD compared with whites, which is significantly associated with UAE and/or CRP.
Association of Autoimmunity to Autonomic Nervous Structures With Nerve Function in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A 16-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Zanone Maria M. , Raviolo Alessandro , Coppo Eleonora , Trento Marina , Trevisan Martina , Cavallo Franco , Favaro Enrica , Passera Pietro , Porta Massimo , Camussi Giovanni 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
We prospectively evaluated the association between autoimmunity to autonomic nervous structures and autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes in relation to clinical variables.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 112 patients with type 1 diabetes was prospectively followed from adolescence (T0) to approximately 4 (T4) and 16 (T16) years later. Standard cardiovascular (CV) tests and neurological examination were performed and related to the presence of circulating antibodies (Ab) to autonomic nervous structures detected at T0 and T4. Quality of life was assessed by a diabetes-specific questionnaire.

RESULTS
Sixty-six patients (59% of the cohort) were reexamined at T16 (age 31.4 ± 2 years; disease duration 23.4 ± 3.7 years). Nineteen had circulating Ab to autonomic structures. Prevalence of abnormal tests and autonomic symptoms were higher in Ab-positive (68 and 26%, respectively) than Ab-negative (32 and 4%) patients (P &lt; 0.05). Among Ab-positive patients, the relative risk (RR) of having at least one altered CV test was 5.77 (95% CI 1.56–21.33), and an altered deep breathing (DB) test (&lt;15 bpm) was 14.65 (2.48–86.46). Previous glycemic control was the only other predictor (RR 1.06 [1.002–1.13]/mmol/mol HbA1c increase). Presence of Ab carried over a 68% probability of developing an altered CV test; absence of Ab carried a 91% probability of not having an altered DB test and an 89% probability of not having an altered Valsalva ratio. Autonomic neuropathy was independently associated with worse quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS
Circulating Ab to autonomic structures are associated with the development of autonomic dysfunction in young diabetic patients independent of glycemic control.
Association of menopausal symptoms with obesity in Slovak women
Authors: Luptáková Lenka , Siváková Daniela , Čerňanová Veronika , Cvíčelová Marta , Danková Zuzana 
Published: February 2014

A lot of midlife women experience a great deal of menopausal symptoms. Their frequency within a given population may vary and depend on several factors such as age, menopausal status, health factors, including obesity.
This study aims to investigate the incidence of menopausal symptoms among obese and non-obese midlife women, and to evaluate contribution of obesity as predisposing factor for menopausal symptoms to their manifestation.
The studied cohort consisted of 297 women ranging from 39 to 59 years of age. Among them there were 63 women with obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and of 39 women with abdominal obesity (waist to hip ratio, WHR>0.89). Women were recruited from the western and middle parts of Slovakia. All participants completed a menopause-specific questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard anthropometric techniques. All statistical computations were performed by the SPSS 17.0 software programme (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increase in facial hair was influenced by age (p<0.001) and obesity (p=0.015). Low backache was influenced by WHR (p=0.031), obesity (p=0.008) and cardiovascular disease (p=0.024). The significant impact of BMI was recorded on the involuntary urination (p=0.002). The menopausal symptom „more clumsy then usual“ was influenced by marital status (p=0.044), hypertension (p=0.021) and the presence of cardiovascular disease (p=0.023). We investigated the effect of menopausal status (p=0.010) and abdominal obesity (p=0.035) on the loss of sexual interest. Herein we present evidence that obesity could be involved in menopausal symptomatology among Slovak midlife women. We demonstrate that obese women have a higher susceptibility to increase in facial hair and backache, and women with abdominal obesity to loss of sexual interest.
Baylisascaris sp. infection in a pet kinkajou Potos flavus
Authors: Taira K. , Une Y. , Šnábel V. , Sugiyama H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The nematodes of genus Baylisascaris are common intestinal roundworms of carnivores such as raccoons, skunks, badgers, martens and bears. This report describes Baylisascaris sp. infection in a pet kinkajou Potos flavus imported into Japan from Guyana. Nematode eggs were detected in feces of the juvenile kinkajou in 2011 during a routine veterinary examination. A sequence analysis of the ITS2 nuclear target clustered the examined isolate with B. procyonis and B. columnaris, with 7.8 — 8.8 % base differences from these taxa. Eleven tandem G-A repeats identified in the polymorphic repetitive region further differentiate the kinkajou’s roundworm from recognized Baylisascaris species. This classified the studied isolate as referring to Baylisascaris sp., with its precise species delineation remaining to be determined. Given that the Baylisascaris sp. from the kinkajou is genetically closely affiliated with B. procyonis having a serious disease-producing capacity, the report appeals for precautions in informing people to avoid transmission risk.
Differences in cellular immune responses of mice BALB/c to low and high infective doses of Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Dvorožňáková E. , Jalčová M. , Hurníková Z. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The study was focused on a role of lymphocytes and macrophages in the immune response of mice to Trichinella spiralis infection with low (10) and high (400) infective doses of larvae. The light infection stimulated the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes only during the intestinal phase of the infection, till day 15 post infection (p.i.), but the heavy infection activated T cells during the migration of newborn larvae (from day 20 to 30 p.i.). B cell proliferation was markedly stimulated after the heavy infection. The light infection increased the presence of helper CD4 cells till day 10 p.i. in contrast to the heavy infection, but subpopulation of CD8 T cells was not influenced by a different size of infective dose. Cytokine production of IL-5 and IFN-γ was not markedly affected by the light infection in contrast to the heavy infection that stimulated IL-5 synthesis during the whole experiment and IFN-Γ during the migration of newborn larvae. The light infection stimulated a metabolic activity of peritoneal macrophages already in the intestinal phase, but the heavy infection affected their activity only in the muscle phase of the infection.
Immanant Conversion on Symmetric Matrices
Authors: Purificação Coelho M. , Duffner M. Antónia , Guterman Alexander E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Letr Σn(C) denote the space of all n χ n symmetric matrices over the complex field C. The main objective of this paper is to prove that the maps Φ : Σn(C) -> Σn (C) satisfying for any fixed irre- ducible characters X, X' -SC the condition dx(A +aB) = dχ·(Φ(Α ) + αΦ(Β)) for all matrices A,В ε Σ„(С) and all scalars a ε C are automatically linear and bijective. As a corollary of the above result we characterize all such maps Φ acting on ΣИ(С).
Extracellular vesicles from a muscle cell line (C2C12) enhance cell survival and neurite outgrowth of a motor neuron cell line (NSC‐34)
Authors: Madison Roger D. , McGee Christopher , Rawson Renee , Robinson Grant A. 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionThere is renewed interest in extracellular vesicles over the past decade or 2 after initially being thought of as simple cellular garbage cans to rid cells of unwanted components. Although there has been intense research into the role of extracellular vesicles in the fields of tumour and stem cell biology, the possible role of extracellular vesicles in nerve regeneration is just in its infancy.BackgroundWhen a peripheral nerve is damaged, the communication between spinal cord motor neurons and their target muscles is disrupted and the result can be the loss of coordinated muscle movement. Despite state‐of‐the‐art surgical procedures only approximately 10% of adults will recover full function after peripheral nerve repair. To improve upon such results will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms that influence axon outgrowth and the interplay between the parent motor neuron and the distal end organ of muscle. It has previously been shown that extracellular vesicles are immunologically tolerated, display targeting ligands on their surface, and can be delivered in vivo to selected cell populations. All of these characteristics suggest that extracellular vesicles could play a significant role in nerve regeneration.MethodsWe have carried out studies using 2 very well characterized cell lines, the C2C12 muscle cell line and the motor neuron cell line NSC‐34 to ask the question: Do extracellular vesicles from muscle influence cell survival and/or neurite outgrowth of motor neurons?ConclusionOur results show striking effects of extracellular vesicles derived from the muscle cell line on the motor neuron cell line in terms of neurite outgrowth and survival.
Preparation and Characterization of Soft Glass Using Sarawak Silica Sand as Starting Material for Craftware
Authors: Daud Marlinda , Abu Hassan Mahadi 
Published: February 2014

Soft glass is one of the soda-lime-silicate (SLS) glass which is well-known in the craftware industry by lamp working technique . It is produced by melting the glass batch of local silica sand and certain chemicals. The SiO2 content of the silica sand is determined by wet chemical method and XRF analysis. The sand which meets the standard will be ground to the size of 150 μm and below, dry mixed with chemicals in proportions according to the formulation. Three series of soft glass containing different amount of silica sand (70-75%) and two different melting temperature were produced. The melting temperatures varied from 1450°C to 1500°C. The thermal behavior of the glass produced was investigated by differential thermal analysis. The thermal properties of the glass such as glass transition temperature, melting temperature and linear thermal expansion coefficient were studied. From the results, it was found that the melting temperature is around 600°C 750°C and this is consistent with the value theoretically. Other characterizations such as density, refractive index and Vickers micro hardness were also been carried out.
Abstrak	Kaca lembut termasuk di dalam kumpulan kaca soda-kapur-silika (SLS) yang terkenal dalam industri penghasilan kaca kraf yang menggunakan teknik lampworking. Ia dihasilkan dengan meleburkan kelompok kaca pasir silika dan bahan-bahan kimia tertentu. Kandungan SiO2 bagi pasir silika tempatan ini ditentukan oleh kaedah kimia secara basah dan analisis XRF. Pasir yang menepati piawai akan dikisar sehingga ke saiz di bawah 150 μm dan dicampur dengan bahan-bahan kimia berdasarkan formulasi yang telah ditetapkan. Tiga siri kaca lembut telah dihasilkan iaitu yang mengandungi jumlah pasir silika yang berbeza (70-75%) pada dua suhu lebur yang berbeza iaitu 1450°C ke 1500°C. Kelakuan terma kaca yang dihasilkan telah diselidiki oleh analisis pembezaan terma (DTA) . Daripada ujian ini, sifat-sifat terma kaca seperti suhu peralihan kaca, suhu pelembutan dan pekali pengembangan terma linear telah dikaji. Daripada hasil kajian, didapati bahawa suhu lebur bagi kaca ini ialah pada sekitar 600°C - 750°C dan ini adalah selari dengan nilai teori. Pencirian lain seperti ketumpatan, indeks biasan dan mikrokekerasan Vickers juga telah dilakukan.
Risk factors associated with deciduous tooth decay in Iraqi preschool children
Authors: Al-Mendalawi Mahmood Dhahir , Karam Nadia Taha 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Tooth decay (TD) is common in children with significant consequences on systemic well-being, growth and quality of life, as well as increasing the risk of decay in the permanent teeth. Aim: The aim of the present study is to define risk factors associated with deciduous TD (DTD) in Iraqi preschool children. Materials and Methods: From the 1 st June to 31 st December 2012, a case-control study was carried out on 684 children under the age of 6 years who attended Al-Aulwyiah pediatric teaching hospital in Baghdad. Clinical examination and World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were applied. Data including gender, residence, socio-economic status (SES), parental education level, parental smoking, tooth brushing frequency, type of feeding during infancy and the presence of any systemic disease in the child were sought. Results: The mean DMFT score in the case group was 2.03 ± 1.39, of which decayed teeth formed 1.93. Males had a higher mean DMFT (2.10 ± 1.08) than females (1.96 ± 1.70) but with no statistically significant difference. The study revealed that residence, SES, parental education level and tooth brushing frequency were dependent risk factors significantly associated with DTD. However, gender, parental smoking and pattern of feeding during infancy were not significantly associated with DTD. Only four children with systemic disorders (1.2%), namely asthma and congenital heart diseases, were noticed to have DTD. Conclusion: Pediatricians and dentists could provide dental preventive and screening measures. Confronting relevant risk factors associated with DTD and improving access to oral care services are suggested. In addition, promotion of oral health programs through school curricula is needed.
Adam Smith on Rhetoric and Phronesis, Law and Economics
Authors: Mark Garrett Longaker 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Following recent scholarship, this article investigates the relationship among Adam Smith's lectures on rhetoric and belles lettres, his Wealth of Nations, the Theory of Moral Sentiments, and his lectures on jurisprudence. According to Smith, the rhetorical theory regarding genre and style improves practical judgment that is central to both economic and legal affairs. Though Smith's lectures on rhetoric feature no overt mention of these legal or commercial applications, when we read these lectures alongside his lectures and writings on jurisprudence and economics, we see that Smith had developed numerous applications for the practical judgment that he taught his students when, under his guidance, they analyzed literary texts. Noting the interrelation among Smith's work on rhetoric, law, and economics allows us to see that others in the Scottish Enlightenment, such as Hugh Blair and Henry Home Lord Kames, similarly found connections among jurisprudence, political economy, and rhetorical theory.
Torture and the Politics of the Sacred
Authors: Bush Stephen S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOf those who deny that it is ever appropriate to torture, even in ticking time bomb scenarios, many appeal to notions like the sacredness of the human person to explain their position. In this article I argue that the sacred does not contribute decisively to resolving the debates about torture in ticking time bomb scenarios. However, the sacred is significant for one important facet of the contemporary problem of torture: the essential role of the populace's attitudes toward torture in ensuring that the prohibition against torture is enforced.
Emblemática y bestiarios en El día de fiesta de Juan de Zabaleta
Authors: Albert Mechthild 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT: This article seeks to compare emblematics with El día de fiesta (1654/1660) by Juan de Zabaleta, a collection of portraits of manners and characters marked by an encyclopaedic feature that serves the pronounced degree of religious and moral didacticism of the text. It first recapitulates the epistemological basis that Zabaleta has in common with emblematics, namely analogical thinking (Foucault) and the belief in the ‘readability of the world’ (Blumenberg). Subsequently it analyses the allegorical function of certain animals –the panther and the octopus, the ape and the turtle– which Zabaleta refers to as examples of virtues and vices, especially hypocrisy, comparing it to the meaning attributed to the same beasts in emblem books. KEYWORDS: Emblematics, Bestiaries, Juan de Zabaleta, Analogical Thinking, Readability of the World RESUMEN: El presente artículo se propone comparar la emblemática con El día de fiesta (1654/1660), de Juan de Zabaleta, una colección de cuadros de costumbres cuya fuerte carga enciclopédica está al servicio de un pronunciado didactismo religioso-moral. Primero se recordarán las bases epistemológicas que Zabaleta tiene en común con la emblemática, a saber el pensamiento analógico (Foucault) y la fe en la ‘legibilidad del mundo’ (Blumenberg). Posteriormente se analizará la función alegórica de determinados animales –la pantera y el pulpo, el mono y la tortuga– a los que Zabaleta se refiere como ejemplos de virtudes y vicios, en particular la hipocresía, contrastándola con el mensaje atribuido a la correspondiente fauna en los libros de emblemas. PALABRAS CLAVES: Emblemática, Bestiarios, Juan de Zabaleta, pensamiento analógico, legibilidad del mundo.
A new method for verification of delineated channel networks
Authors: Liu Zhe , Khan Urooj , Sharma Ashish 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeveral methods are used to delineate channel networks. The most widely used are the contributing area method, area‐slope method, and grid network ordering method. The number of delineated channels depends on the threshold adopted when using each method. However, the appropriate threshold value required to delineate channel networks, and their corresponding accuracies, are still uncertain. The consistency between the delineated channels and actual channels can be evaluated by carrying out extensive field surveys, but these require significant time and cost. Accurate knowledge of delineated channel networks is vital, and is achievable more efficiently and simply. A new method of calculating the accuracy of delineated channel networks is introduced in this study. Channel cross‐section profiles throughout the channel network were examined and three new incision indices were derived: an incised channel index, a partially incised channel index, and a nonincised channel index. The indices were found useful for setting appropriate threshold values for actual channel networks. Three small catchments in Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were investigated in this study.
Effects of Problem Solving after Worked Example Study on Primary School Children's Monitoring Accuracy
Authors: Baars Martine , van Gog Tamara , de Bruin Anique , Paas Fred 
Published: February 2014

SummaryResearch on expository text has shown that the accuracy of students' judgments of learning (JOLs) can be improved by instructional interventions that allow students to test their knowledge of the text. The present study extends this research, investigating whether allowing students to test the knowledge they acquired from studying a worked example by means of solving an identical problem, either immediately or delayed, would enhance JOL accuracy. Fifth grade children (i) gave an immediate JOL, (ii) a delayed JOL, (iii) solved a problem immediately and then gave a JOL, (iv) solved a problem immediately and gave a delayed JOL, or (v) solved a problem at a delay and then gave a JOL. Results show that problem solving after example study improved children's JOL accuracy (i.e., overestimation decreased). However, no differences in the accuracy of restudy indications were found. Results are discussed in relation to cue utilization when making JOLs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tieftemperatur‐CO‐Oxidation mit Au3+‐Ionen auf TiO2
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Großmann Dennis , Noei Heshmat , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Sinev Ilya , De Toni Andrea , Wang Yuemin , Muhler Martin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAu/TiO2‐Katalysatoren, die durch das “Deposition‐Precipitation”‐Verfahren hergestellt und ohne Kalzinierung eingesetzt wurden, erreichten in der CO‐Oxidation hohe, weitgehend temperaturunabhängige Umsätze. Dagegen erschien nach thermischen Vorbehandlungen, z. B. in He bei 623 K, die Umsatz‐Temperatur‐Charakteristik in der bekannten S‐Form, mit Aktivierungsenergien nahe 30 kJ mol−1. Charakterisierung der Proben durch XAFS und HAADF‐STEM sowie eine Tieftemperatur‐IR‐Studie von Adsorption und Oxidation des CO zeigten, dass letzteres am frisch präparierten (gefriergetrockneten) Katalysator, der Gold ausschließlich als Au3+ enthielt, bereits bei 90 K durch Gasphasensauerstoff oxidiert wurde. Nach Aktivierung im Reaktantenstrom geht der CO‐Umsatz bei niedrigen Reaktionstemperaturen auf Zentren zurück, die AuIII enthalten, bei höheren Temperaturen wird er von Au0 getragen. Nach thermischen Behandlungen wird CO im ganzen Temperaturbereich an Zentren umgesetzt, die ausschließlich metallisches Gold enthalten.