bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Hollow TiO2 Single Nanocrystals with Improved Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Activities
Authors: Liu Min , Zhong Miao , Li Hongmei , Piao Lingyu , Wang Wenjing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDiverse titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures have attracted considerable attention owing to their broad applications in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical fields. Herein, TiO2 hollow single nanocrystals are reported for the first time by using TiO2 nanopowders as the raw material and hydrofluoric acid as a capping and etching agent through a simple hydrothermal treatment. The influence of experimental parameters such as the concentration of HF, the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles, the reaction time, and temperature was investigated systematically. The obtained hollow single nanocrystals exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances attributed to their good crystallinity, suppressed charge recombination, and increased active sites. The current study will provide new insights into the nanostructured engineering of anatase TiO2 as well as opportunities for the controllable synthesis of hollow single nanocrystals.
Silane Meets Click Chemistry: Towards the Functionalization of Wet Bacterial Cellulose Sheets
Authors: Hettegger Hubert , Sumerskii Ivan , Sortino Salvatore , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe modification of cellulosic materials is of great interest in materials research. Wet bacterial cellulose sheets were modified by an alkoxysilane under mild conditions to make them accessible to click chemistry derivatization. For this purpose (3‐azidopropyl)triethoxysilane was grafted covalently onto the cellulosic surface. The silanized bacterial cellulose sheets were characterized comprehensively by attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. To demonstrate subsequent click chemistry functionalization, a new fluorophore based on fluorescein was synthesized and clicked to the silane‐modified bacterial cellulose. The new method renders bacterial cellulose and other never‐dried cellulosic materials susceptible to direct and facile functionalization in an aqueous medium without the need to work in water‐free organic phases or to employ extensive protecting group chemistry and functional group interconversion.
Application of Privacy Impact Assessment in the Smart City
Authors: Seto Yoichi 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe smart city project is currently being promoted in various countries around the world. It is intended to take advantage of personal information and more appropriate utilization of energy. Therefore, the existence of privacy issues has been noted. Since a specific discussion of privacy risks in the smart city project is premature, we discuss the privacy risks associated with advances in the standardization of the smart grid, whose technology is the core of the smart city. In this paper we verify the effectiveness of Privacy Impact Assessment, with reference to privacy risks in the smart city.
Fully Slot–Die‐Coated All‐Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Andersson L. Mattias 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSolar cells are perhaps the most environmentally friendly way to generate electricity available. The main drawback is the relatively large investments required by conventional technologies. Organic photovoltaics could be much cheaper. Here, we produce and characterize fully slot–die‐coated, all‐organic devices in a roll‐to‐roll process using only cheap components, benign solvents, and materials with a low environmental impact. One of the main problems with this type of device is a predisposition for short circuits. The reason for this is here identified to be mechanical failures in the active layer due to swelling of the bottom electrode material during processing. A solution to the swelling problem is provided and fully functional devices are demonstrated. On an industrial scale, this process requires only very simple slot–die coating equipment and can offer very cheap solar cells that have a very low environmental impact over their life cycle.
Towards the scale‐up of electrolysis with diamond anodes: effect of stacking on the electrochemical oxidation of 2,4 D
Authors: Souza Fernanda , Saéz Cristina , Lanza Marcos , Cañizares Pablo , Rodrigo Manuel A 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, the application of electrochemical wastewater treatment processes has proven to be very efficient in the removal of recalcitrant organic compounds. However, the scale‐up of the boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode system for industrial applications has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study assesses the effect of increasing the number of compartments in the same electrochemical module (DiaCell® 1001) on the treatment of synthetic wastewater with pesticide 2,4‐D and chlorides. This commercial module can be considered to be a stack of cells, in which the number of single cells varies from 2–10 and the anode areas range from 140–700 cm−2.RESULTSThe results of the study demonstrate that an increase in the number of cells and a decrease in the resulting current density at the same current intensity caused an increase in the removal and mineralisation rates. Complete mineralisation was attained in all configurations tested. The production of hazardous species, such as chlorates and perchlorates, are also affected by the number of stacked cells, which causes them to be positioned lower in the stack due to the large number of cells.CONCLUSIONSNo distinct differences in electrochemical efficiency are observed among the different configurations tested. However, a distinct improvement in the energy efficiency (g kWh−1) with an increase in the number of stacked cells is observed due to the reduced stack potential caused by applying the same current intensity to the stack with the higher number of cells. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Processing barley grain with lactic acid and tannic acid ameliorates rumen microbial fermentation and degradation of dietary fibre in vitro
Authors: Deckardt Kathrin , Metzler‐Zebeli Barbara U , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal grains are important ingredients of ruminant diets, but their rapid degradation seriously impairs rumen fermentation and the host's health. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether processing of barley grain with 1 or 5% lactic acid (LA) and 1 or 5% tannic acid (TA), without or with an additional heat treatment (1% LAH or 1% TAH), may affect microbial ruminal abundance, fermentation profile, and nutrient degradation in vitro.RESULTSProcessing with LA lowered (P < 0.05) the concentration of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), proportions of branched‐chain SCFA, and the acetate‐to‐propionate ratio. Treatment with 1% TAH and 1% LAH lowered (P < 0.05) gene copy numbers of total protozoa, rumen lipopolysaccharide, and degradation of crude protein, and tended (P = 0.08) to lower the proportion of the genus Prevotella. Treatment of barley grain with 1% LA or 1% LAH stimulated Clostridium cluster XIV. Degradation of fibre was enhanced (P < 0.05) by all LA and TA treatments.CONCLUSIONChemical and heat treatment of barley grain modulated the ruminal fermentation profile and enhanced fibre degradation; however, processing of grain with LA seems to be superior because this effect was not associated with a concomitant depression in ruminal degradation of organic matter. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
C9 Fraction Alkylation Desulfurization over Amberlyst 36 Resin:The Kinetics of 2‐Ethylthiophen, 2,5‐Dimethylthiophene, and 2‐n‐Propylthiophene with Isoamylene
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Li Yonghong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTC9 fraction is the by‐products of catalytic reforming and ethylene cracker; it is considered as a kind of petroleum resin raw material. Recently, it was studied for the use as a gasoline additive to enhance the economic benefits. However, C9 fractions are getting higher in sulfur contents. As conventional hydrotreating technology leads to significant octane number loss and processing costs, the alkylation desulfurization process, which could reduce the sulfuric compounds to hydrogen sulfide by catalytic alkylation with olefins and distillation followed by, is a rather attractive way of reducing the sulfur of C9 fraction. In this paper, different kinds of thiophenic compounds, including 2‐ethylthiophen, 2,5‐dimethylthiophene, and 2‐n‐propylthiophene, were selected as the model compounds. Thiophenic compounds were studied first by the alkylation reaction over macroporous sulfonic resin Amberlyst 36, and the octane number of C9 fraction was measured. It was found that isoamylene and Amberlyst 36 resin had a significant effect on the alkylation desulfurization of thiophenic compounds with the conversion, reaching to above 99%. And the octane number of C9 fraction was increased by alkylation desulfurization over Amberlyst 36 resin. Moreover, the alkylation of thiophenic sulfurs could be described as a pseudo–first–order reaction as well as the reaction rate constant, and the activation energy of alkylation reactions was calculated.
Near total extirpation of vestibular schwannoma with salvage radiosurgery
Authors: Jeltema Hanne Rinck , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Bijl Hendrik P. , Wagemakers Michiel , Metzemaekers Jan D. M. , van Dijk J. Marc C. 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe management of a sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) has changed with the introduction of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Because functional outcome is important, particularly regarding the facial nerve, a policy of near‐total surgical resection of a large‐size VS has emerged, minimizing damage to the facial nerve. The debate remains whether the surgical remnant should be treated immediately or after established growth.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA consecutive cohort of 55 patients underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy and near‐total removal of a large‐size VS at our university medical center between 2005 and 2011 and had a follow‐up of a least 3 years. Documented growth of the VS remnant after surgery necessitating adjuvant SRS was the primary outcome measure using analysis of variance.ResultsIn 45 patients (81.8%), a small tumor remnant was left during surgery. The mean preoperative tumor volume was 12.2 cm3 (range, 1.13–50.16 cm3); the mean volume of the remnant was 0.22 cm3 (range, 0–1.52 cm3). The mean postoperative follow‐up time was 35.4 months (range, 3–76 months). Salvage SRS was deemed necessary in seven patients (13.0%). The size of the postoperative tumor remnant was a significant predictor for the necessity of postoperative adjuvant SRS. Normal facial nerve function (House‐Brackmann [HB] I) was preserved in 30 patients (57.7%), 17 patients (32.7%) experienced a permanent mild facial nerve deficit (HB II, III), and five patients (9.6%) experienced a severe facial nerve deficit (HB grade IV–VI).ConclusionsInitial observation after near total surgical removal of VS is a feasible strategy, with only a minority requiring salvage radiosurgery during follow‐up.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1703–1707, 2015
Some aspects of microstructural and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline CdS/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite thin films
Authors: Bhunia Ritamay , Ghosh Dibyendu , Ghosh Barun , Hussain Shamima , Bhar Radhaballav , Pal Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFree‐standing flexible composite films of nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide‐impregnated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (nano‐CdS/PVDF) were prepared using a sol–gel technique. The effect of CdS loading, in the PVDF host matrix, on the dielectric properties was studied. An increase in dielectric constant (more than 10 times) was observed in the films when poled under an electric field. The composite films were also characterized using microstructural, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of VH–VL domain orientation for antibody variable domain modeling
Authors: Bujotzek Alexander , Dunbar James , Lipsmeier Florian , Schäfer Wolfgang , Antes Iris , Deane Charlotte M. , Georges Guy 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe antigen‐binding site of antibodies forms at the interface of their two variable domains, VH and VL, making VH–VL domain orientation a factor that codetermines antibody specificity and affinity. Preserving VH–VL domain orientation in the process of antibody engineering is important in order to retain the original antibody properties, and predicting the correct VH–VL orientation has also been recognized as an important factor in antibody homology modeling. In this article, we present a fast sequence‐based predictor that predicts VH–VL domain orientation with Q2 values ranging from 0.54 to 0.73 on the evaluation set. We describe VH–VL orientation in terms of the six absolute ABangle parameters that have recently been proposed as a means to separate the different degrees of freedom of VH–VL domain orientation. In order to assess the impact of adjusting VH–VL orientation according to our predictions, we use the set of antibody structures of the recently published Antibody Modeling Assessment (AMA) II study. In comparison to the original AMAII homology models, we find an improvement in the accuracy of VH–VL orientation modeling, which also translates into an improvement in the average root‐mean‐square deviation with regard to the crystal structures. Proteins 2015; 83:681–695. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of the terminal PCP domain of the non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase in teicoplanin biosynthesis
Authors: Haslinger Kristina , Redfield Christina , Cryle Max J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics, of which teicoplanin and vancomycin are representative members, relies on the combination of non‐ribosomal peptide synthesis and modification of the peptide by cytochrome P450 (Oxy) enzymes while the peptide remains bound to the peptide synthesis machinery. We have structurally characterized the final peptidyl carrier protein domain of the teicoplanin non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase machinery: this domain is believed to mediate the interactions with tailoring Oxy enzymes in addition to its function as a shuttle for intermediates between multiple non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase domains. Using solution state NMR, we have determined structures of this PCP domain in two states, the apo and the post‐translationally modified holo state, both of which conform to a four‐helix bundle assembly. The structures exhibit the same general fold as the majority of known carrier protein structures, in spite of the complex biosynthetic role that PCP domains from the final non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase module must play in glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. These structures thus support the hypothesis that it is subtle rearrangements, rather than dramatic conformational changes, which govern carrier protein interactions and selectivity during non‐ribosomal peptide synthesis. Proteins 2015; 83:711–721. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dendrimer‐entrapped metal colloids as imaging agents
Authors: Li Du , Wen Shihui , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: January 2015

This review reports the recent advances in dendrimer‐entrapped metal colloids as contrast agents for biomedical imaging applications. The versatile dendrimer scaffolds with 3‐dimensional spherical shape, highly branched internal cavity, tunable surface conjugation chemistry, and excellent biocompatibility and nonimmunogenicity afford their uses as templates to create multifunctional dendrimer‐entrapped metal colloids for mono‐ or multi‐ mode molecular imaging applications. In particular, multifunctional dendrimer‐entrapped gold nanoparticles with different surface modifications have been used for fluorescence imaging, targeted tumor computed tomography (CT) imaging, enhanced blood pool CT imaging, dual mode CT/MR imaging, and tumor theranostics (combined CT imaging and chemotherapy) will be introduced and discussed in detail. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:678–690. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1331This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Community‐Based Arts Initiatives: Exploring the Science of the Arts
Authors: Stein Catherine H. , Faigin David A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue, we describe some of the rewards and challenges of community‐based arts initiatives for our discipline. We explore the inherent tensions between art and science that are reflected in community‐based arts activities. We pose larger questions about researching community‐based arts activities and defining the arts as a means of promoting social change. The diversity of populations, settings, and issues represented by the papers in the special issue are described and a common set of values, methods of inquiry and action are discussed.
Selection Bias in the Link Between Child Wantedness and Child Survival: Theory and Data From Matlab, Bangladesh
Authors: Bishai David , Razzaque Abdur , Christiansen Susan , Mustafa A. H. M. Golam , Hindin Michelle 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We examine the potential effects of selection bias on the association between unwanted births and child mortality from 7,942 women from Matlab, Bangladesh who declared birth intentions in 1990 prior to conceiving pregnancies. We explore and test two opposing reasons for bias in the distribution of observed births. First, some women who report not wanting more children could face starvation or frailty; and if these women are infecund, the remaining unwanted births would appear more healthy. Second, some women who report not wanting more children could have social privileges in acquiring medical services, abortion, and contraceptives; and if these women avoid births, the remaining unwanted births would appear less healthy. We find (1) no overall effect of unwantedness on child survival in rural Bangladesh in the 1990s, (2) no evidence that biological processes are spuriously making the birth cohort look more healthy, and (3) some evidence that higher schooling for women who avoid unwanted births is biasing the observed sample to make unwanted births look less healthy. Efforts to understand the effect of unwantedness in data sets that do not control for complex patterns of selective birth may be misleading and require more cautious interpretation.
Statins and brain integrity in older adults: Secondary analysis of the Health ABC study
Authors: Nadkarni Neelesh K. , Perera Subashan , Hanlon Joseph T. , Lopez Oscar , Newman Anne B. , Aizenstein Howard , Elam Marshall , Harris Tamara B. , Kritchevsky Stephen , Yaffe Kristine , Rosano Caterina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe examined whether statins are associated with better cerebral white (WM) and gray matter (GM) indices in community‐dwelling elders.MethodsIn 295 older adults, we compared white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging and, total WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and GM mean diffusivity (MD) on diffusion tensor imaging, of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relevant regions in statin‐exposed and statin‐unexposed participants stratified by Modified Mini‐Mental Status Examination (3MS) score.ResultsThere was no overall effect of statin exposure on cerebral structural indices. The interaction between statin exposure and 3MS was significant for total‐WMH and WM FA (both P < .05) but not GM MD. In the lowest 3MS tertile (mean: 86), statin‐exposed individuals had lower total‐WMH and higher WM FA (P = .005 and P = .044) and FA of tracts linked to clinical AD (P‐value range= .005–.04) despite statistical adjustments. These differences were not significant in the two higher 3MS tertiles.DiscussionStatins may benefit WM in older adults vulnerable to dementia.
Combining High-Resolution Contact Data with Virological Data to Investigate Influenza Transmission in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Voirin Nicolas , Payet Cécile , Barrat Alain , Cattuto Ciro , Khanafer Nagham , Régis Corinne , Kim Byeul-a , Comte Brigitte , Casalegno Jean-Sébastien , Lina Bruno , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVEContact patterns and microbiological data contribute to a detailed understanding of infectious disease transmission. We explored the automated collection of high-resolution contact data by wearable sensors combined with virological data to investigate influenza transmission among patients and healthcare workers in a geriatric unit.DESIGNProof-of-concept observational study. Detailed information on contact patterns were collected by wearable sensors over 12 days. Systematic nasopharyngeal swabs were taken, analyzed for influenza A and B viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cultured for phylogenetic analysis.SETTINGAn acute-care geriatric unit in a tertiary care hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients, nurses, and medical doctors.RESULTSA total of 18,765 contacts were recorded among 37 patients, 32 nurses, and 15 medical doctors. Most contacts occurred between nurses or between a nurse and a patient. Fifteen individuals had influenza A (H3N2). Among these, 11 study participants were positive at the beginning of the study or at admission, and 3 patients and 1 nurse acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during the study. Infectious medical doctors and nurses were identified as potential sources of hospital-acquired influenza (HA-Flu) for patients, and infectious patients were identified as likely sources for nurses. Only 1 potential transmission between nurses was observed.CONCLUSIONSCombining high-resolution contact data and virological data allowed us to identify a potential transmission route in each possible case of HA-Flu. This promising method should be applied for longer periods in larger populations, with more complete use of phylogenetic analyses, for a better understanding of influenza transmission dynamics in a hospital setting.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7