bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function among male adolescents at high risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Mahmoud Alaaeldin A. H. , Abdelgawad Mohammed E. M. , Elmorsy Walid A. a. , Al-khayat Mohammed S. , Elbadry Noha M. 
Published: August 2024

Background and aim
Obesity, and family history (smoking, obesity, and hypertension) are the most important risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) among adolescents. The study aims to evaluate the cardiac function among male adolescents at high risk for coronary heart disease.

Patients and methods
A total of 100 male adolescents were selected by written questionnaire in addition to 30 normal adolescents as control. Thorough history taking and physical examination. Echocardiographic examination, serum lipids, and routine laboratory investigations.

Results
Obesity, and a family history of (smoking, hypertension, and obesity) are among the most frequent risk factors for CHD among male adolescents. We found a statistically significant elevated concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein levels among diabetic and hypertensive children in addition to a significantly elevated concentration of serum low-density lipoprotein among hypertensive children and children with a sedentary lifestyle. The echocardiography reflects a significant increase in early and decreases in late diastolic flow velocity (E and A) among hypertensive and obese adolescents versus controls. A statistically significant differences between diabetics and controls for left ventricular posterior wall diameter, inter-ventricular septal diameter, and early and late diastolic flow velocity.

Conclusion
Obesity and a family history of smoking, obesity, and hypertension are among the most frequent risk factors for CHD among male adolescents. Echocardiography and lipid profiles should be performed for any adolescent at high risk for development of CHD.
Incidence of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy using conventional versus harmonic scalpel
Authors: Abdelaty Walid R. 
Published: August 2024

Background
As complete thyroidectomies are common procedures, we examine the effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of using a harmonic scalpel in conjunction with standard techniques.

Patients and methods
Eighty participants of this prospective, randomized research who had total thyroidectomies in the General Surgery Department were divided into two equal groups at random: complete thyroidectomy was performed with a harmonic scalpel in group I and a standard approach in group II.

Results
There is a significant correlation between the surgical technique used and the decrease in PTH after surgery.

Conclusion
If the conventional method was applied following thyroidectomy, there was noticeable decrease in the postoperative serum PTH. When harmonic scalpel is used throughout a thyroidectomy, there is minimal risk of hypoparathyroidism, excellent dissection, and safety.
Reverse sural artery flap for posterior ankle soft tissue defect
Authors: Ali Abdelaziz M. 
Published: August 2024

Background and aim
Soft tissue defects of the ankle provide a significant challenge to reconstructive surgeons. Several techniques have been documented for this reconstruction, and all of these techniques varied in cost, difficulty, and outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the reverse sural artery flap for posterior-ankle soft tissue defect reconstruction.

Patients and methods
Nine patients with posterior ankle soft tissue defects due to different etiologies and requiring reconstruction were included and operated in the reconstructive microsurgery unit of Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, during the period between 2019 and 2022. These defects were covered by the reverse sural artery flaps. The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 36 months, and all the patients were evaluated for functional outcomes in terms of ulceration, sensation, patient satisfaction, and complications.

Results
All flaps survived with no complications. The mean operative time was 1.4±0.33 h. (1–2 h) and the mean hospital stay period was 2.4±0.52 days. Postoperatively, ulceration was recorded in 2 (22.2%) cases and sensation in all cases and the majority of patients were satisfied with the results (8 cases, 88.9%). Five cases had good Maryland score (55.6%), 2 (22.2%) cases had excellent, and only 1 case was recorded for poor and fair scores. All the defects were covered effectively with no complications.

Conclusion
The reverse sural artery flap could be one of the effective treatment methods for reconstructing posterior-ankle soft tissue defects. Besides, it has high reliability, ease, and versatility.
Favorable Response to Adjuvant Tofacitinib in a Case of Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene-5 Antibody Positive Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis
Authors: Patel Nayankumar H. , Padhiyar Jigna K. , Patel Jahnvi R. , Pandya Keval V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 antibody (anti-MDA-5 Ab) associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is characterized by vasculopathic ulcers, mechanic’s hands, and progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD). We present a case of 38-year-old female who presented with all these classical clinical features. Her investigations revealed normal serum muscle enzyme levels and the presence of anti-Mi2 and anti-MDA-5 antibodies by immunoblot. Imaging study revealed changes suggestive of ILD. She was treated with rituximab along with oral glucocorticoid and other supportive treatment to which she didn’t respond adequately. Recently, it has been postulated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce interferon which is responsible for tissue injury in dermatomyositis (DM). Tofacitinib, by inhibiting JAK-STAT pathway, inhibits downstream cytokines, mainly type 1 interferon. So, we added tofacitinib as adjuvant therapy in our patient. Post-six months of commencement of adjuvant tofacitinib, patient experienced remarkable improvement in cutaneous features as well as in pulmonary fibrosis.
Novel Inflammatory Markers Associated With Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Etiology
Authors: Dhrif Omar , Hamdi Mohamed Salah , Kechaou Ines , Cherif Eya , Boukhris Imen , Hassine Lamia Ben 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
We aimed to compare inflammatory markers and determine their potential role in distinguishing secondary leukocytoclastic vasculitis (SLV) from idiopathic leukocytoclastic vasculitis (ILV).

Materials and Methods:
We included in this cross-sectional study patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (CLV) diagnosed on cutaneous biopsy. We assessed clinical and laboratory data and then calculated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR). We have also defined the number of positive etiological examination (NPE) as the sum in a unique patient of the positive paraclinical examinations involved in the etiological assessment of CLV.

Results:
In total 77 patients were included, with 52 SLV group patients and 25 in the ILV group, mean age was 44+/-18 vs 49+/-21, and gender ratio was 29/23 vs 11/14. Comparison of PLR, NLR, CAR, and FAR showed significant differences in mean values between SLV and ILV groups with 199.1 (117.3-309.8) vs 126.8 (79-193) (P = 0.01) for PLR, 3.6 (1.9-5.1) vs 2.3 (1.7-3.4) (P = 0.048) for NLR, 1.9 mg.g-1 (0.4-3.6) vs 0.6 mg g-1 (0.2-1.9) (P = 0.043) for CAR, and 155.8 mg.g-1 (90.7-192.3) vs 108.7 mg.g-1 (82.2-148.1) (P = 0.034) for FAR. PLR, CAR, and FAR were positively correlated to NPE (r = 0.463, P < 0.001; r = 0.434, P < 0.001; and r = 0.411, P < 0.001, respectively), and there was no significant correlation between NLR and NPE (r = 0.165, P = 0.151).

Conclusion:
This is the first study to investigate PLR, NLR, CAR, and FAR in CLV, and it demonstrates that elevation of these ratios is associated with SLV, which leads us to suggest to exhaustively explore patients with elevated ratios.
Prognostic Factors of Hip Fracture in Elderly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kalan Farmanfarma Khadijeh , Yarmohammadi Soudabeh , Fakharian Esmaeil , Gobbens Robbert J. , Mahdian Mehrdad , Batooli Zahra , Lotfi Mohammad-Sajjad , Abedzadeh-Kalahroudi Masoumeh , Vatan Reza Fadaei , Khosravi Gholamreza Reza , Fazel Mohammad Reza , Sehat Mojtaba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The hip fracture causes significant disabilities in many elderly people. Many studies around the world have identified various risk factors for the hip fracture. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the risk factors of hip fractures. This study is a systematic review of risk factors for hip fractures. All published papers in English and Persian languages on patients in Iran and other countries between 2002 - 2022 were examined. The search strategy used keywords matching the mesh, including : predictors, hip fracture, and disability. Articles were selected from international databases (PubMed, Proquest ,Web of Sience, Scopus, Google scholar and Persian(Sid,Magiran), and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The study has identified several factors that were significantly correlated with the risk of hip fracture, including age, cigarette and alcohol consumption, visual and hearing problems, low BMI levels, history of falling, weakness, and diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, dementia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, liver and kidney diseases, bone density, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture, and hyperthyroidism. However, the study did not find any significant correlations between the consumption of calcium and vitamin D, history of fractures, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and household income, and the risk of hip fracture. The results of this study reveal the determining role of some risk factors in hip fracture in older persons. Therefore, it is recommended that health policy makers provide the possibility of early intervention for some changeable factors.
Information-seeking Behavior of Iranian Young Adults (18–28 Years Old) Regarding HPV on Social Media: A Preventive Approach to HPV
Authors: Latifi Masoomeh , Alishan Karami Nader , Allahbakhshian Leili , Aghaesmaeili Narges , Ghasemi Tehrani Hatav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Health information-seeking behavior refers to individuals’ targeted actions to satisfy their health information needs and search for relevant disease-related information. Nowadays, social media platforms provide a great opportunity for meeting health information needs and delivering preventive education regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this study is the information-seeking behavior of Iranian young adults (18–28 years old) regarding HPV on social media, a preventive approach to HPV.

Methods:
The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2023 among Iranian boys and girls aged 18–28 years. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select 3840 participants. The data collection tool was Longo’s Health Information-Seeking Behavior Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software.

Results:
The results showed that Iranian youth aged 18–28 were more inclined to seek information on social media about the transmission routes and preventive measures for HPV. The primary informational need regarding transmission was “I want to know the main route of HPV transmission is through vaginal and anal intercourse?”, and regarding prevention, it was “Can condoms prevent HPV infection?” Additionally, the findings indicated that young individuals sought information about HPV after their first sexual encounter. Most of the information needs of the youth were fulfilled through YouTube, Instagram, and WhatsApp, mainly in video format. Approximately 85.10% of the youth were satisfied with the information obtained from social media. The results revealed a significant and positive relationship between the health information needs of young adults (18–28 years old) in the area of HPV and personal factors. Gender, age, marital status, education level, history of HPV infection, and engaging is unprotected extramarital sex were identified as significant influential factors on the level of information needs of young individuals, especially regarding HPV preventive measures (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Health authorities and disease control and prevention centers need to harness the potential of social media in meeting the informational needs of youth and providing education and awareness, especially concerning the transmission and prevention of HPV.
Barriers to Effective Prehospital and Hyperacute Stroke Care in India: A Physician Perspective
Authors: Abraham Siju V. , Joy Anita , Sahu Ankit Kumar , Ravindra Prithvishree , Dhar Shirshendu , Teja Ravi , Krishnan S. Vimal , Liu Renyu , Rudd Anthony George , Ford Gary A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The incidence of stroke is increasing in India. Prehospital stroke care is crucial for reducing stroke morbidity and mortality, but its implementation in India faces several challenges. Limited original research exists on prehospital stroke care in India, making it essential to identify the problems in implementing effective prehospital stroke care.

Methods:
A web-based survey was conducted among registered medical practitioners in India who treat acute stroke. The survey questionnaire was developed in English and included 26 questions divided into five parts: questions about the physician’s practice setup/hospital in India, perception of community awareness, existing prehospital care/systems, in-hospital stroke care availability, and specific issues faced.

Results:
Eighty-three doctors in India participated in the survey (43% response rate). Most of the respondents worked in private hospitals (68%) and urban areas (76%). While 89% of hospitals had ambulance services, over 33% reported that patients had to pay for ambulance transport. Among respondents, 12% reported a community stroke care network, with infrequent prehospital procedures such as random blood glucose measurement (22%), stroke identification (15.7%), “last seen normal” documentation (14.5%), and low prehospital notification to hospitals (5%). Delays in referral from peripheral centers were reported by 73% of respondents. Most hospitals had standard operating procedures (SOPs) (84%), computed tomography (CT) (94%), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (85%), and offered intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) (77%). However, 24 h availability of CT was reported only by 6%, MRI by 19% and IVT by 12%. Nearly half (45%) reported treatment with thrombolysis was not covered by insurance. Mechanical thrombectomy was available in 34% of hospitals and 63% of hospitals conducted in-hospital audits for stroke patients.

Conclusions:
The capabilities of stroke-catering hospitals in urban settings are encouraging, with many having SOPs, imaging capabilities, and thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy services. However, there is much room for improvement, in making the essential stroke care services financially accessible to all and available around the clock.
Mask-related dermatological problems during COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of Egyptian population
Authors: Younis Ihab , Elsabbagh Sherine M. , Ibrahim Samah E. 
Published: August 2024

Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, mask wearing was obligatory in many countries to decrease infection risk among individuals. However, long-term mask wearing was associated with the development of various adverse skin reactions.

Objective
To assess possible dermatological complications due to mask wear during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among a sample of the Egyptian population.

Patients and methods
The present hospital-based cross-sectional study included 320 patients who had attended outpatient dermatology clinic of the university hospitals with any dermatological symptoms. Patients wore face surgical masks during the pandemic for at least 3 months during outdoor activity. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking about onset, duration of the skin condition, whether an initial attack or pre-existing condition, and complete dermatological examination to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate severity level.

Results
This study showed that long‐term mask use caused new-onset skin diseases and increased dermatological facial diseases. The most common skin finding was Maskne (46.9%), followed by contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and rosacea (14.1, 9.4, and 7.8%, respectively), while the remaining 21.9% were complaining of nonmask-related dermatoses. There was a significant positive correlation between mask-wearing duration and disease severity (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Prolonged mask wearing could induce new-onset skin diseases and exacerbate chronic pre-existing conditions such as acne, contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and rosacea.
School-based Novel Tobacco Control Model for Encouraging Tobacco Prevention and Cessation
Authors: Reddy Sujatha Sampangi , Venkataramana Shwetha , Nagaraju Rakesh , Tupakula Pavan Kumar , Kar Ankita , Ramkrishnan Priyadharshini , Gupta Divya , Salma Z. Ummu , Prashanth Radha 
Published: August 2024

Context:
A school-based novel tobacco control model can play a crucial role in encouraging tobacco prevention and cessation among students. Tobacco use is a global public health concern, and targeting prevention and cessation efforts at a young age is essential to curb the long-term health consequences associated with tobacco consumption. Incorporating games, interactive activities, and educative movies can significantly enhance tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. This multifaceted approach engages individuals in various ways, making the message more memorable and impactful. By combining these elements, we can create a comprehensive approach that caters to different learning styles and preferences especially for younger audiences who are more accustomed to digital and interactive experiences. The key is to make the educational experience engaging, informative, and motivating, ultimately increasing the likelihood of successful tobacco prevention and cessation outcomes.

Aim:
To create a comprehensive and effective program that can raise awareness, prevent initiation and promote cessation of tobacco.

Design:
Pre-Post Intervention Quasi-Experimental Study.

Setting:
Schools across Bangalore city, India.

Participants:
High school Students.

Methods:
A 90-minute comprehensive session on tobacco awareness was developed for a classroom setting to educate, train, and promote positive changes in attitudes and behaviours among school children, which includes five components: an antitobacco short film, educational games and a mobile app, an interactive PowerPoint presentation, and small group activities for brainstorming and practicing resistance skills. These tools are strategically designed as motivational aids to encourage tobacco cessation and prevention.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s):
Knowledge enhancement, attitude change, behaviour modification, engagement and participation and program effectiveness. Measures used were pre-and post-intervention assessments, feedback from students, educators, and quantitative data analysis.

Results:
Results suggest students' positive perceptions of the games within the tobacco control model, specifically user-friendliness (P < 0.05), usefulness (P < 0.01), and acceptability (P < 0.01), and higher intention to quit tobacco. This finding underscores the importance of creating engaging and well-designed interventions, such as interactive games, to effectively influence students' attitudes and behaviours related to tobacco use.

Conclusions and Relevance:
The school-based novel tobacco control model stands as a promising and relevant approach to addressing tobacco prevention and cessation among students.
Management of Krimidanta janya-shoola (Carious Odontalgia) with Hingu dharana – An Open-label Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Angadi Savita Shivappa , Lagali-Jirge Vasanti 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Dental caries is a disease which results in progressive destruction of the tooth and gradually leads to sensitivity or pain in that tooth, i.e., toothache the prevalence of which is about 49%–83% worldwide. There are various causes for orofacial pain, of which toothache is quite common. When severe, its unbearable and extremely disturbing for the patient, hence, considered as dental emergency. As per Ayurveda, Krimidanta has clinical features similar to dental caries. Various treatment procedures are mentioned to manage Krimidanta janya-shoola (pain due to dental caries), of which one is the topical placement of Koshna (warm) Hingu over the affected tooth.

Materials and Methods:
An interventional study was done for which patients were selected from the outpatient department and inpatient department of Shalakya Tantra and were randomly divided into two Groups A and B. Group A was asked to topically place Koshna Hingu (warm asafoetida) at the site of Krimidanta janya shoola three times a day for 3 days and Group B was advised to take paracetamol (acetaminophen) three times a day for 3 days. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study and all of them completed the treatment.

Results and Conclusion:
The study showed that both Hingu and tablet paracetamol were effective in managing the pain caused due to dental caries, although the results were slightly better for the group which was given Hingu topically.
Quantification of Oral Candidal Carriage Rate and Prevalence of Oral Candidal Species in HIV Patients with and Without Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Perla Nitesh , Kumar Sourab , Jadhav Abhishek , Bhalinge Payoshnee , Dadpe Mrunalini , Acharya Siddharth 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Most documents review decrease in the prevalence of HIV related oral lesions to the tune of 10-50% following the advent of HAART. However long term use of HAART on oral health status of HIV infected subjects is poorly documented. Also antifungal agents can effectively treat mucosal candidiasis. However their use can lead to colonization with less susceptible strains among normal susceptible strains.

Aims and Objectives:
To know the candidal carriage rate (i.e. presence/absence of candidal growth), candidal density(CFUs/ml) & species variations (species diversity) in HIV positive individuals with and without highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), attending the regional voluntary Counselling and Confidential Testing Centre (VCCTC).

Materials and Methods:
The study population were categorized into 3 groups. Method followed were Germ tube test, Chlamydospore formation test, CHROM-Agar test.

Results:
Quantification comparison study of candidal carriage rate, density with detection of various candidal species in the oral cavity of HIV-positive individuals with and without HAART therapy was conducted.

Conclusion:
HIV positive individuals with HAART therapy treatment prooved higher candidal carriage rate and lower density than Non-HAART category.