bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fetish and Fiction of Finance: Unraveling the Subprime Crisis
Authors: Pani Erica , Holman Nancy 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAs the moderately strengthened financial regulation ofBaselIIIcomes into effect over the next seven years, this article sets out a cautionary reminder as to why regulation needs to move beyond a focus on the mitigation and distribution of risk. To do so, the article unravels the much‐misunderstood experiences of eight Norwegian municipalities whose investments plummeted as the subprime crisis unfolded: investments that had no immediate ties to subprime mortgage lending or mortgage‐backed securities. Focusing on the processes, practices, and instruments of financialization, the article puts forward two new analytical concepts—“the fetishization of the knowledge of risk” and “fictitious distance”—to help explain how the crisis spread so quickly and extensively that it threatened not only the municipalities' investments but also the functioning of global finance as a whole. In so doing, it becomes clear that financialization has set a far more risky form of capitalism that is manifest through concrete economic geographies, from towns and cities in theUnitedStates to “distant”Norwegian municipalities. In the highly interconnected entanglement of geographies and finance that make up the global financial system, the fetishes and fictions of finance cannot be ignored.
Association between out‐of‐home trips and older adults' functional fitness
Authors: Chow Hsueh‐wen , Chen Hui‐Chen , Lin Linda L 
Published: September 2013

AimTo explore the purposes of older adults' out‐of‐home trips, and to investigate the association between the frequency of these trips and older adults' functional fitness.MethodsA total of 412 older adults in Taiwan were recruited from 2009 to 2010. Participants were asked to fill out questionnaires on out‐of‐home trips, and trained volunteers assessed the functional fitness of respondents using objective measures. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, multivariate regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis were then used to analyze the resulting data.ResultsResults show that exercise is most frequently the purpose for going out at least once a day, and that parks are the most preferred places to visit. Sex and age are the significant variables explaining variance in older adults' flexibility and physical power, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis showed one significant variate pair (R2c = 8.80) between the frequency of out‐of‐home trips (engaging in exercise and participating in religious activities) and fitness measure test scores including the chair stand, arm curl, 2‐min step, and 8‐foot up‐and‐go. The relationship did not exist for the back scratch, nor chair sit‐and‐reach test scores.ConclusionThe present study provides empirical and objective evidence on older adults' purposes for taking out‐of‐home trips, and for the positive association between the frequency of these trips, and the muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance, but not flexibility, of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 596–604.
Comparison of transient elastography (FibroScan), FibroTest, APRI and two algorithms combining these non‐invasive tests for liver fibrosis staging in HIV/HCV coinfected patients: ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH and FIBROSTIC collaboration
Authors: Castera L , Winnock M , Pambrun E , Paradis V , Perez P , Loko M‐A , Asselineau J , Dabis F , Degos F , Salmon D 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesCombining noninvasive tests increases diagnostic accuracy for staging liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients, but this strategy remains to be validated in HIV/HCV coinfection. We compared the performances of transient elastography (TE), Fibrotest (FT), the aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and two algorithms combining TE and FT (Castera) or APRI and FT (SAFE) in HIV/HCV coinfection.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients (64% male; median age 44 years) enrolled in two French multicentre studies (the HEPAVIH cohort and FIBROSTIC) for whom TE, FT and APRI data were available were included in the study. Diagnostic accuracies for significant fibrosis (METAVIR F ≥ 2) and cirrhosis (F4) were evaluated by measuring the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calculating percentages of correctly classified (CC) patients, taking liver biopsy as a reference.ResultsFor F ≥ 2, both TE and FT (AUROC = 0.87 and 0.85, respectively) had a better diagnostic performance than APRI (AUROC = 0.71; P < 0.005). Although the percentage of CC patients was significantly higher with Castera's algorithm than with SAFE (61.2% vs. 31.9%, respectively; P < 0.0001), this percentage was lower than that for TE (80.2%; P < 0.0001) or FT (73.3%; P < 0.0001) taken separately. For F4, TE (AUROC = 0.92) had a better performance than FT (AUROC = 0.78; P = 0.005) or APRI (AUROC = 0.73; P = 0.025). Although the percentage of CC patients was significantly higher with the SAFE algorithm than with Castera's (76.7% vs. 68.1%, respectively; P < 0.050), it was still lower than that for TE (85.3%; P < 0.033).ConclusionsIn HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients, TE and FT have a similar diagnostic accuracy for significant fibrosis, whereas for cirrhosis TE has the best accuracy. The use of the SAFE and Castera algorithms does not seem to improve diagnostic performance.
The CLOQS Trial Protocol: A Cluster-Randomized Trial Evaluating a Simple, Low-Cost Intervention to Reduce Treatment Times in Acute Stroke
Authors: Swartz Richard H. , Sicard Michelle N. , Silver Frank L. , Saposnik Gustavo , Gladstone David J. , Breaton Jennifer , Ramagnano Sharon , Lee Jacques , Aviv Richard I. , Fang Jiming , Zwarenstein Merrick F. ,   and the University of Toronto Stroke Program (UTSP) Investigators
Published: September 2013

Rationale In acute stroke, time is brain: faster tissue plasminogen activator treatment improves patient outcomes. Published guidelines for door-to-scanner time are <25 minutes, and for door-to-needle time <60 minutes. These benchmarks are rarely met. Paradoxically, the earlier a stroke patient arrives to hospital, the longer treatment takes. There is an urgent need to shift focus away from the 4·5 hour time window, towards treatment times <60 minutes. Aims The objective of the Countdown Lights to Optimize Quality in acute Stroke (CLOQS) trial is to determine whether a simple, low-cost organizational behavior intervention, a large, red stopwatch timer attached to the stretcher upon arrival, will decrease door-to-scanner and door-to-needle treatment times for tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients. Design A multicenter, time-clustered randomized control trial. The stopwatch timers will be used in Emergency Departments for all acute stroke patients across the University of Toronto Stroke Program. The order of intervention (ON) and control (OFF) blocks will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio over an 18 month period. Blocks will be weighted in a 2:1 ratio of ON/OFF using a permuted block design (ON blocks last two weeks; OFF blocks last one week). Study Outcomes The primary end-point is percentage of patients achieving best-practice guidelines (door-to-needle treatment time <60 minutes). Secondary end-points are median time intervals for 1) door-to-scanner and 2) door-to-needle times during ON versus OFF blocks. Tertiary end-points are in-hospital mortality and time series analysis to determine change in treatment times from prior to study onset through study completion.
Speech‐Induced Atrial Tachycardia: An Unusual Presentation of Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: MEMON NADA B. , BRICENO DAVID F. , TORRES‐RUSSOTTO DIEGO , CHEN JANE , SMITH TIMOTHY W. 
Published: September 2013

Speech‐Induced Atrial TachycardiaA 63‐year‐old male radio announcer was admitted with a narrow complex, long RP tachycardia. While in the awake state, the patient spoke in his radio voice, initiating and maintaining the tachycardia. Three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping during electrophysiology study localized the tachycardia to the ostium of the right superior pulmonary vein. After single radiofrequency energy application, no further arrhythmias were inducible with speech. At more than 1 year of follow‐up, the patient had no recurrences and continues to work as a radio announcer.
TheGerman Model and theEuropean Crisis
Authors: Bonatti Luigi , Fracasso Andrea 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe large current account imbalances in the eurozone reflect persistent diverging trends between core and periphery countries, also fed by low interest rates and abundant capital flows brought about by the introduction of the euro. With the global financial crisis, the market sentiment has changed, and capital has left the periphery countries suffering from debt and growth problems due to their failure to bring price–wage dynamics into uniformity with those of the more disciplined countries.Germany is called upon to provide financial assistance and additional external demand; however, though the euro is at stake,Germans are recalcitrant. This article investigates the rationale of theGerman stance in light of the (corporatist‐etatist, neo‐mercantilist)German socio‐economic model and the widespread concern about losing the competitiveness thatGermany regained through painful reforms and changes in the last two decades.
Trade Agreements as Venues for ´Market PowerEurope´? The Case of Immigration Policy
Authors: Jurje Flavia , Lavenex Sandra 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn the absence of an international migration regime, the rising salience of migration issues and the limits of unilateral policies led theEuropeanUnion to seek appropriate venues for co‐operation with the sending and transit countries of migrants. Many of the newer relevant multilateral or regional venues are soft law frameworks. Conversely, trade agreements provide a formal, hard law instrument for inserting migration clauses. Based on a quantitative analysis ofEUtrade agreements and expert interviews, this article investigates how far theEUis engaging in strategic issue‐linkage when including migration clauses in its trade agreements. Testing hypotheses derived from rationalist and institutionalist approaches, it thereby provides an empirical test of its acclaimed identity as ‘trade power’ or ‘market power’.
A fragile bond: adoptive parents' experiences of caring for children with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder
Authors: Follan Michael , McNamara Martin 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo understand how adoptive parents caring for children with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) make sense of their life‐worlds by establishing the meanings that underlie and structure their experiences of their everyday lives.BackgroundReactive attachment disorder is a serious psychosocial disorder of childhood that causes short‐ and long‐term relationship, health and social consequences for children. It is more likely to be observed in children being cared for by foster carers, kinship carers or adoptive parents. Exploration of adoption from parents' perspectives is not well documented, and no previous work has been undertaken to understand the challenges of caring for children with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder.DesignThe study was guided by Husserl's phenomenology, which aims to uncover the underlying essential meanings intrinsic to a phenomenon. Three concepts are central to this approach: essences, intuiting and eidetic reduction.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight adoptive parents. Data were analysed using an adaptation of Colaizzi's method.ResultsFour essential elements fundamental to participants' lived experiences of caring for a child with a diagnosis of RAD were uncovered: being profoundly unprepared, being insecure, being assailed by unexpected emotions and being committed.ConclusionsThe parent–child relationship is a fragile bond developed at an unexpectedly high personal cost; it is a committed relationship but vulnerable to continual destabilisation. The involvement in the preparation of adoptive parents of child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) staff with expertise in the impact of early neglect or separation on children should be considered.Relevance to clinical practiceThe development of systems to prepare, screen and identify potential challenges and problems prior to adoption might help adoptive parents. Access to a CAMH professional in the pre and postadoption phases might assist potential adoptive parents in making informed decisions around the choice of a child for adoption.
How Sacrifice Impacts the Giver and the Recipient: Insights From Approach‐Avoidance Motivational Theory
Authors: Impett Emily A. , Gere Judith , Kogan Aleksandr , Gordon Amie M. , Keltner Dacher 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study investigated how sacrificing for approach versus avoidance goals shapes the giver's and the recipient's emotions and relationship quality. A sample of 80 dating couples participated in a three‐part study in which they discussed sacrifice in the laboratory (Part 1), reported on their daily sacrifices for 14 days (Part 2), and completed a follow‐up survey 3 months later (Part 3). When partners discussed a sacrifice they had made for approach goals, they experienced greater relationship quality, whereas when they discussed a sacrifice they had made for avoidance goals, they experienced poorer relationship quality. These effects were replicated with outside observer reports. On days when partners sacrificed for approach goals, both partners experienced increased relationship quality, but on days when people sacrificed for avoidance goals, the giver experienced decreased relationship quality. These effects were mediated by positive and negative emotions, respectively. Approach sacrifice goals predicted increases in relationship quality and avoidance sacrifice goals predicted decreases in relationship quality, as reported by both partners 3 months later. Sacrifice per se does not help or harm relationships, but the goals that people pursue when they give up their own interests can critically shape the quality of intimate bonds.
Effects of a Sustained‐Release Form of Isosorbide Dinitrate on Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs with Experimentally Induced Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Suzuki S. , Hamabe L. , Aytemiz D. , Huai‐Che H. , Kim S. , Yoshiyuki R. , Fukayama T. , Fukushima R. , Tanaka R. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) have not been sufficiently investigated in conscious dogs with mitral valve regurgitation (MR).ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the effects of a sustained‐release form of ISDN (sr‐ISDN) on hemodynamics and the autonomic nervous system in dogs with MR.AnimalsSix healthy Beagles weighing 11.2 ± 2.2 kg (2 years of age; 2 males and 4 females) were used.MethodsExperimental, crossover, and interventional study. Dogs with experimentally induced MR were administered placebo, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg sr‐ISDN PO on separate days with a 7‐day washout period between randomized dosings. Left atrial pressure (LAP) had been recorded continuously from 30 minutes before administration of sr‐ISDN to 12 hours after administration.ResultsLAP was significantly decreased after administration in the 5 and 10 mg/kg groups. Significant decrease was observed at 3 and 4 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg group. In the 10 mg/kg group, significant decrease was observed at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and 11 hours after administration. The lowest value was observed at 4 hours after administration in the 5 and 10 mg/kg groups (20.9 ± 4.2 to 15.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, P < .01, and 21.3 ± 4.0 to 13.6 ± 4.2 mmHg, P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSustained‐release form of ISDN showed significant decrease of LAP in the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups, and duration of effect was dose related.
The Effect of Feeding a Renal Diet on Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Concentrations in Cats with Stable Azotemic Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Geddes R.F. , Elliott J. , Syme H.M. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) is a phosphatonin, which is increased in cats with azotemic CKD. Dietary phosphate restriction decreases FGF‐23 concentrations in humans and rodents, but this relationship has not previously been examined in the cat.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of feeding renal diet on plasma FGF‐23 concentrations in cats with stable azotemic CKD.AnimalsAzotemic, client‐owned cats (≥9 years); 33 cats ate renal diet (RD group) and 11 cats did not eat renal diet (comparator group) over 28–56 days.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal study: Plasma FGF‐23, PTH, and phosphate concentrations were measured at baseline and after 28–56 days. Cats in the RD group were classified as hyperphosphatemic (HP) or normophosphatemic (NP) based on the International Renal Interest Society targets for plasma phosphate concentration. Nonparametric tests were performed.ResultsIn the HP group (n = 15), feeding renal diet was associated with a significant decrease in plasma phosphate (P = .001), PTH (P = .007), and FGF‐23 (P = .008), but not creatinine concentrations (P = .91). In the NP group (n = 18), feeding renal diet was associated with a significant decrease in plasma FGF‐23 (P = .006), but not phosphate (P = .48), PTH (P = .35), or creatinine concentrations (P = .10). No significant changes were seen in any parameters in the comparator group during the study period.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFeeding renal diet is associated with reductions in plasma FGF‐23 concentrations in hyper‐ and normophosphatemic cats with stable azotemic CKD, suggesting that dietary phosphate restriction may enable cats with CKD to maintain normal plasma phosphate concentrations in association with lower plasma FGF‐23 concentrations.
Hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased whole body fat mass and greater severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Dasarathy Jaividhya , Periyalwar Pranav , Allampati Sanath , Bhinder Vikram , Hawkins Carol , Brandt Patricia , Khiyami Amer , McCullough Arthur J. , Dasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsHypovitaminosis D is common in obesity and insulin‐resistant states. Increased fat mass in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may contribute to hypovitaminosis D. To determine the relation among plasma vitamin D concentration, severity of disease and body composition inNAFLD.MethodsPlasma vitamin D concentration was quantified in 148 consecutive biopsy‐proven patients withNAFLD(non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis –NASH:n = 81; and hepatic steatosis:n = 67) and healthy controls (n = 39).NAFLDwas scored using theNASH CRNcriteria. Body composition was quantified by bioelectrical impedance analysis and abdominalCTimage analysis.ResultsPlasma vitamin D concentration was significantly lower inNAFLD(21.2 ± 10.4 ng/ml) compared with healthy controls (35.7 ± 6.0 ng/ml). HigherNAFLDactivity scores were associated with lower plasma concentration of vitamin D (r2 = 0.29;P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis among patients withNAFLDshowed that patients withNASHhad significantly lower (P < 0.01) vitamin D levels than those with steatosis alone (18.1 ± 8.4 vs. 25.0 ± 11.3 ng/ml). Low concentrations of vitamin D were associated with greater severity of steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis (P < 0.05).On multivariate regression analysis, only severity of hepatocyte ballooning was independently associated (P = 0.02) with low vitamin D concentrations. Plasma vitamin D (P = 0.004) and insulin concentrations (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of theNAFLDactivity score on biopsy. Patients withNAFLDhad higher fat mass that correlated with low vitamin D (r2 = 0.26;P = 0.008).ConclusionsLow plasma vitamin D concentration is an independent predictor of the severity ofNAFLD. Further prospective studies demonstrating the impact of vitamin D replacement inNAFLDpatients are required.
Is Urodynamic Study a Good Witness to the Progression of Ketamine‐Associated Cystitis?
Authors: HUANG Po‐Wei , WU Sheng‐Tang , TSAO Chih‐Wei , TANG Shou‐Hung , CHA Tai‐Lung , SUN Guang‐Huan , YU Dah‐Shyong , CHANG Sheng‐Yran , MENG En 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesKetamine abuse may cause variable lower urinary tract symptoms and severe cystitis. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of urodynamic parameters according to the dose and duration of ketamine use and investigate the value of urodynamic studies in determining the severity of ketamine‐associated cystitis (KC).MethodsThe urodynamic study results of 30 patients with KC between January 2009 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had been diagnosed based on their history and clinical features before urodynamic investigations. Cystoscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and measure the maximum anesthetic bladder bladder capacity (MBC) (under spinal anesthesia).ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) age of patients with KC was 22.0 ± 3.3 years. The mean duration of ketamine abuse was 39.0 ± 20.8 months. Maximum cystometric capacity was 115 ± 66.6 mL. Seventy‐five percent of patients had a high maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) (> 90 cmH2O). There was no significant difference of urodynamic parameters between the high‐dose (≥ 5 gm/day) and low‐dose groups (< 5 gm/day) or the long‐duration (≥ 3 years) and short‐duration (< 3 years) groups. However, the MBC was significantly lower in high‐dose and long‐duration groups compared to the low‐dose and short‐duration groups (191.3 ± 68.5 vs. 299.0 ± 99 mL; P = 0.01; 219.0 ± 59.7 vs. 325.5 ± 104.5 mL; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe urodynamic test results help diagnose KC, but may not be useful in determining the severity of the disease. The MBC measured under anesthesia may be a better predictor of the disease progression in KC.
The Significance of Opposition Entrepreneurs on Local Sales Tax Referendum Outcomes
Authors: Shock David R. 
Published: September 2013

This article assesses the impact of “opposition entrepreneurs” on affirmative vote percentages for special purpose local‐option sales tax (SPLOST) proposals in counties of the Metropolitan Atlanta region. The main question addressed is how does the presence of identifiable opposition‐leading entrepreneurs in SPLOST campaigns affect the affirmative (“yes”) vote percentages for these sales tax proposals? Aggregate‐level county data and election‐specific campaign data were collected for 86 county and school district SPLOST referenda in 15 counties in the Metropolitan Atlanta region during the time period spanning from 1998 through 2011. The results of ordinary least square regression analyses support the hypothesis that the presence of opposition entrepreneurs in SPLOST campaigns reduces affirmative voting. The results indicate that opposition, by itself, is not sufficient to impact voting outcomes in tax referendum elections. Rather, consequential opposition efforts need to be led by an identifiable leader.Related Articles
Dyck, Joshua J., and Annika Hagley. 2012. “” Politics & Policy 40 (): 195‐220. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00346.x/abstract

Adams, Brian E. 2012. “” Politics & Policy 40 (): 43‐68. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00336.x/abstract

Caillier, James. 2010. “” Politics & Policy 38 (): 1015‐1035. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267.x/abstract
Related Media
Davis, Janel. 2011. “” Atlanta Journal‐Constitution. March 16. http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/cobb‐splost‐extension‐appears‐to‐pass‐by‐79‐votes/nQrdt/

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“” 2011. Atlanta Journal‐Constitution. March 5. http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/cobb‐residents‐rally‐against‐splost/nJbhh/