bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Accuracy of the Initial Specific Volume
Authors: Rocchi I. , Coop M. R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Many advanced soil models rely on the current state relative to normal and critical state lines to describe soil behavior. The position of these lines, therefore, requires an accurate estimation of the specific volume or void ratio. A series of one-dimensional compression tests was performed both on a coarse and a fine grained soil to investigate the experimental accuracy of the initial specific volume. This was obtained comparing independent calculations of the initial specific volume that were based on redundant measurements of height and weight of the specimen, both at the beginning and at the end of the test. The redundancy in the measurements was a key factor to obtain independent calculations. It was found that the excess water, such as may be stored in the filter papers, was the main cause of inaccuracy, when gross errors did not occur. Two novel confining rings having a closed-base were designed to reduce this effect. Although this was possible for the coarse grained soils tested, the fine grained soils retained more water due to the higher suction at the end of the test and water adsorption could not be avoided. The assumption of saturation is shown to be far from accurate, meaning that both the bulk unit weight and the water content should be measured independently to obtain a reliable measurement of the specific volume. The specific volume of the intact soil was found to be less accurate than when reconstituted. The experimental scatter was compared with the theoretical accuracy obtained from the error propagation theory. Good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental accuracy.
review of Kudoa-induced myoliquefaction of marine fish species in South Africa and other countries
Authors: Henning Suné S. , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Manley Marena 
Published: November 2013

Myoliquefaction of fish musculature results in customer quality complaints and in huge economic losses, especially with regard to Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), farm-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), South African pilchards (Sardinops ocellatus) and Cape snoek (Thyrsites atun). Myoliquefaction, or ‘jelly flesh’, is caused by proteolytic enzymes released by the marine myxosporean parasite, Kudoa thyrsites, after the death of the fish. Currently there are no fast methods of detection for this microscopic parasite, and because myoliquefaction is evident only after 38–56 h post-mortem, infected fish inevitably reach the processor and/or consumer. Several methods of detection have been investigated, but most of these methods are time-consuming and/or result in destruction of the fish, and are thus impractical for fishing vessels and fish processors. Limited research is available on possible means of destroying or inhibiting the post-mortem activity of the parasitic proteolytic enzyme. Means such as manipulating post-mortem pH and temperature control have been suggested; leaving opportunities for research into food technology applications such as cold-chain management and ionising radiation.
Genetic Risk of Progression to Type 2 Diabetes and Response to Intensive Lifestyle or Metformin in Prediabetic Women With and Without a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sullivan Shannon D. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Florez Jose C. , Dabelea Dana , Franks Paul W. , Dagogo-Jack Sam , Kim Catherine , Knowler William C. , Christophi Costas A. , Ratner Robert ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial investigated rates of progression to diabetes among adults with prediabetes randomized to treatment with placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention. Among women in the DPP, diabetes risk reduction with metformin was greater in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM but with one or more previous live births.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We asked if genetic variability could account for these differences by comparing β-cell function and genetic risk scores (GRS), calculated from 34 diabetes-associated loci, between women with and without histories of GDM.

RESULTS
β-Cell function was reduced in women with GDM. The GRS was positively associated with a history of GDM; however, the GRS did not predict progression to diabetes or modulate response to intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that a diabetes-associated GRS is associated with development of GDM and may characterize women at risk for development of diabetes due to β-cell dysfunction.
Mean Activity Coefficients of Peroxodisulfates in Saturated Solutions of the Conversion System 2NH4+ — 2Na+ — S2O8 2– — SO4 2– — H2O at 20 °C and 30 °C
Authors: Balej Jan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Solubility data of the conversion system 2NH4+ - 2Na+ - S2O82- - SO42- - H2O at 20 °C and 30 °C for the partial pseudoternary systems Na2S2O8-(NH4)2SO4-H2O, (NH4)2S2O8-Na2SO4-H2O, Na2S2O8-NaNH4SO4-H2O and (NH4)2S2O8-NaNH4SO4-H2O have been correlated using the relative activity coefficient expansion of the crystallizing component. The obtained correlation equations have been used for the calculation of mean activity coefficients of ammonium and sodium peroxodisulfates in their saturated solutions of the mentioned pseudoternary systems.
Characterization of vine varieties by SSR markers
Authors: Dokupilová Ivana , Šturdík Ernest , Mihálik Daniel 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Nowadays, there are well known PCR-based techniques to detect polymorphism in plants. Marker technologies which are applied in breeding and varietal characterization can be exchanged across laboratories with standardization to yield reproducible results. This article describes applying of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in European laboratories, in which the reproducibility of these popular markers are examined. One of the European Union interests is characterization of grape varieties and preparation of International Vitis catalogue for comparison global varieties as Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Pinot noir with the domestic for each other country. Grape genome contains of many SSR, which are highly polymorphic. This review provides the latest information in SSR research including novels in research, comparison, development and application of microsatellites.
Nation-State’s ‘Political Ineptitude’ in Citizen’s Identity Processes: A Case Study Using Identity Structure Analysis
Authors: Põdder Helbe 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The conceptual and methodological tools of Identity Structure Analysis (ISA) are applied to a particular instance of an individual at variance with dominant societal norms in order to demonstrate the efficacy of ISA for elucidating complex identity processes in socio-historical and biographical context. The empirical results presented in this article indicate that the interrelationship between societal constraints and individual values and beliefs are shown to be effectively detailed using ISA.
A Comparative Study Between Direct Torque Control and Predictive Torque Control for Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
Authors: Siami Mohsen , Gholamian S. Asghar , Yousefi Mosayeb 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study between direct torque control (DTC) and predictive torque control (PTC) of Axial Flux Permanent magnet Machines (AFPM). In conventional DTC method for permanent magnet machines, only six actives voltage vectors of inverter are used to control torque and flux of machine. But in predictive torque control, in addition to six active voltage vectors, zero voltage vectors are used to control machine. So number of voltage vectors to control AFPM increases that leads to lower ripple of torque and flux. In predictive torque control, the response of torque and flux are computed for all possible switching states of inverter at every sample time according to discrete time model of machine, and then the switching state that optimizes ripple of torque and flux, will be applied in next discrete-time interval. Simulation results which compare the results of implementation of both methods and confirm the good performance of the proposed predictive torque control are presented.
Comparison of Damping Performance of Conventional And Neuro–Fuzzy Based Power System Stabilizers Applied in Multi–Machine Power Systems
Authors: Murali Duraiswamy , Rajaram Marimuthu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate the power system damping enhancement via power system stabilizers (PSSs). However, the conventional power system stabilizers (CPSSs) have certain drawbacks. There are many techniques proposed in the literature for damping improvement of low frequency power system oscillations. In this paper, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) technology has been proposed to coordinate the CPSSs in a multi-machine power system. The time-domain simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under different operating conditions.
The AZ 5214E Resist in EBDW Lithography and its Use as a RIE Etch–Mask in Etching Thin Ag Layers in N2 Plasma
Authors: Andok Robert , Benčurová Anna , Nemec Pavol , Konečníková Anna , Matay Ladislav , Škriniarová Jaroslava , Hrkút Pavol 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this article we describe the electron-beam direct-write (EBDW) lithography process for the AZ 5214E photoresist which is, besides its sensitivity to UV radiation, sensitive also to electrons. An adapted process flow is provided. At the same time we examine the resistance of this resist to RIE and its suitability as an etch-mask for etching thin Ag layers in N2 plasma. A comparison with several chosen resists (PMMA, ma-2405, ma-N 1402, SU-8 2000) is provided.
Acoustic Properties of Magnetic Fluids Based on Transformer Oil Under Magnetic Field
Authors: Kúdelčík Jozef , Bury Peter , Kopčanský Peter , Timko Milan , Závišová Vlasta 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The structural changes in magnetic fluids based on transformer oil TECHNOL and MOGUL upon the effect of an external magnetic field and temperature were studied by acoustic spectroscopy. When a magnetic field is increased, the interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic moments of the nanoparticles leads to the aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and following clusters formation. However, the temperature of magnetic fluids has also very important influence on the structural changes because of the mechanism of thermal motion that acts against the cluster creation. The live time of clusters have relative long time scale for the magnetic fluid based on TECHNOL, while for MOGUL is quite short.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy System with Increased Performance and Flexibility ––– Utilization In Material Research
Authors: Pechoušek Jiří , Novák Petr , Navařík Jakub , Kohout Pavel , Machala Libor 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A new concept of Mssbauer spectrometer used for material research is presented. Performance of this computer based measurement system was carefully analyzed and programming code of the application step by step optimized. By implementation of parallel data processing the control application with zero dead-time of measurement was developed.
Improving the Ohmic Properties of Au/Ni–Mg/P–GaN Contacts by Adding Swcnt Metallization Interlayer Between Metal and P–GaN Layers
Authors: Liday Jozef , Vogrinčič Peter , Vretenár Viliam , Hotový Ivan , Kotlár Mário , Marton Marián , Řeháček Vlastimil 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We have examined electrical properties and concentration depth profiles of contact structures Au/Ni-Mg-(O)/SWCNT/p- GaN and Au/Ni-Mg-O/p-GaN, thus with and without an interlaying layer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The metallization layers were deposited on p-GaN by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere with and without a low concentration of oxygen (cca 0.2 at%). The contacts were annealed in N2 . We have found that the structure containing the SWCNT interlayer exhibits lower values of contact resistivity in comparison with an otherwise identical contact without the SWCNT interlayer
14th-16th-Century Danube Floods and Long-Term Water-Level Changes in Archaeological and Sedimentary Evidence in The Western and Central Carpathian Basin: an Overview with Documentary Comparison
Authors: Kiss Andrea , Laszlovszky József 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In the present paper an overview of published and unpublished results of archaeological and sedimentary investigations, predominantly reflect on 14th-16th-century changes, are provided and evidence compared to documentary information on flood events and long-term changes. Long-term changes in flood behaviour (e.g. frequency, intensity, seasonality) and average water-level conditions had long-term detectable impacts on sedimentation and fluvio-morphological processes. Moreover, the available archaeological evidence might also provide information on the reaction of the society, in the form of changes in settlement organisation, building structures and processes. At present, information is mainly available concerning the 16th, and partly to the 14th-15th centuries. These results were compared to the available documentary evidence on 14th-16th century Danube floods occurred in the Carpathian Basin.
Phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to some physical and chemical characteristics of Lake Adale, Haramaya Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Fayissa Zelalem Dessalegn 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Biomass and species composition of phytoplankton in relation to the physical and chemical conditions of the water in Lake Adale were studied from March, 2011 to September, 2011. All the physical, chemical and biological parameters measured varied temporally. The temperature of the lake was measured by digital oxygen meter and varied from 22°C to 26°C. The chemistry of the lake was basically similar to the dilute East African lake waters, with maximum pH values of 9.2 as measured in situ by a portable digital pH meter. The inorganic nutrients, which were of moderately high levels, varied temporally as a function of hydrological, hydrographic and biological conditions of the lake and were measured by a Hach kit (DR/2000 spectrophotometer) for nitrate, and colorimetrically with the ascorbic acid method for phosphate and molybdosilicate method for silica. The phytoplankton community, which was consistently dominated by cyanobacteria, exhibited low species diversity. Phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a varied from 23.35 to 55.18 mg m-3 .The concentration of chlorophyll a was calculated according to Talling and Driver (1963) using absorbance measurements made at 665 and 750 nm. The biomass of the lake indicates that the lake is a productive one. The factors responsible for the observed temporal variations in the physical, chemical and biological features of the lake are discussed.
Specifying the relationship between key stages of pike (Esox lucius L.) embryogenesis and coagulants used in lake recultivation
Authors: Tański Adam , Bonisławska Małgorzata , Tórz Agnieszka , Formicki Krzysztof , Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Drost Arkadiusz , Rybczyk Agnieszka 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The study focused on the effect of iron and aluminium coagulants (PIX®113, PAX®18) commonly used for purification of open waters on key stages of embryonic development of pike (Esox lucius L.). Fertilized pike roe was incubated in lake water and in water with the admixture of coagulants, applied in the concentration of 50.0 mg dm-3 at selected stages of embryogenesis: blastopore closure, inoculation, and the hatching of larvae. In the course of the experiment, live embryos were observed and total lengths of the larvae were measured. Simultaneously, selected hydrochemical indicators were gauged. It was discovered that coagulants had the strongest effect at the first stage of embryogenesis (the end of the process of gastrulation). At that stage the survival rate of embryos was the lowest (73.5- 75.0%) and the percentage of deformities in the hatched larvae was the highest (9.7-10.0%).
Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics using linear-response time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Curchod Basile , Penfold Thomas , Rothlisberger Ursula , Tavernelli Ivano 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe review our recent work on ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, based on linear-response timedependent density functional theory for the calculation of the nuclear forces, potential energy surfaces, and nonadiabatic couplings. Furthermore, we describe how nuclear quantum dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation can be performed using quantum trajectories. Finally, the coupling and control of an external electromagnetic field with mixed quantum/classical trajectory surface hopping is discussed.
Economic and Financial Crisis – Challenge for Adaptation of the Official Development System of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Lindtnerová Klaudia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Official Development Assistance (ODA) system is not being considered as a traditional instrument for economic cooperation promotion between the donor and the recipient country. The ongoing economic and financial crisis has severely affected the competitive pressure in the international and national markets. The aim of each economic entity is to adapt and to ensure the competitive advantage in a turbulent economic environment. The main objective is to examine the economic cooperation development of Slovakia through official development projects in Kenya. The author analyses the ODA system of Slovak Republic during the economic and financial crisis and presents the possibility of economic cooperation development between Slovak Republic and the ODA recipient countries (namely Kenya).
Over Diagnosis of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis Patients: A Nationwide Study in Mexico
Authors: Larenas-Linnemann Désirée , Dinger Hanna , Shah-Hosseini Kijawasch , Michels Alexandra , Mösges Ralph ,   Mexican Study Group on Allergic Rhinitis and SPT Sensitivity
Published: November 2013

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) symptom phenotypes have been described, and two different classifications exist. The former classification, seasonal versus perennial AR (SAR-PAR), and the Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classifications, intermittent (INT) versus persistent (PER; ≥4 days/wk and ≥4 consecutive weeks) and mild versus moderate/severe. ARIA cataloging of INT-PER is based on the patient's description of the frequency of symptoms. This study was designed to (1) describe the epidemiology of these two AR classifications and relate them to one another and to a visual analog severity scale (VAS) and (2) describe how the cataloging of these classifications differs between patients and allergists. Methods Skin-prick test–positive AR patients seen nationwide by Mexican allergists completed a validated questionnaire cataloging AR. They recorded demographic data and AR severity on a VAS. The patients’ physicians were also asked to classify the AR phenotypes. Results Of the patients, 56.5% had INT and 82.2% had PAR and moderate–severe (84.7%) AR. However, 57% of the INT-PAR patients were misdiagnosed as PER-PAR by their physicians. PER patients had more severe disease with a longer clinical history, more PAR, nose and eye symptoms, and a higher VAS score, and only 7% had mild symptoms. VAS values ≥7.45 relate to PER (sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 65%). VAS ≤6.2 indicated mild and ≥6.4 indicated moderate–severe AR. Similar to the adults, in the 2- to 11 year and 12- to 17-year age groups perennial, INT, and moderate–severe AR was the most frequent finding, but the children had more INT (p < 0.01) and mild (p < 0.03) symptoms, less SAR (p = 0.03), and more physician-diagnosed asthma (p < 0.05). Public health care (PHC) patients had more INT (p = 0.016). Conclusion In the PAR group, the physicians’ classification of INT-PER often goes astray. PER overdiagnoses might affect treatment decisions because PER is a more severe phenotype. VAS is useful to evaluate severity. In Mexican AR patients, rhinitis symptom phenotypes differ according to age and between private and PHC system patients.
Leukotriene Antagonists in Nasal Polyposis: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wentzel Jennifer L. , Soler Zachary M. , DeYoung Kristen , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lohia Shivangi , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: November 2013

Background Leukotriene antagonists (LTAs) provide a potential strategy for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), which is often refractory to medical and surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of LTA treatment alone and in conjunction with intranasal corticosteroids (INCSs) on nasal symptoms, objective clinical outcomes, and immune parameters in CRSwNP. Methods A systematic review was performed including studies that assessed the effectiveness of LTAs on clinical outcome measures of CRSwNP. Exclusion criteria were trials assessing LTAs in CRS without nasal polyps or asthma symptoms only. Quantitative analysis was performed using a random effects model. Results Twelve studies fulfilled eligibility: five randomized control trials and seven case series. LTAs showed significant improvements in CRSwNP symptoms over placebo; however, these randomized trials were unable to be combined via meta-analysis. The two studies used in meta-analysis showed a standardized mean difference of pooled overall symptom scores of 0.02 (95% confidence interval, −0.39–0.44) between LTA and INCS study arms, indicating no difference between the treatment modalities. Improvement was described by all studies in symptoms, clinical outcomes, and/or immune parameters after LTA treatment, with greater improvements in a subset of symptoms beyond that observed with INCSs. Concomitant asthma, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and atopy did not significantly or consistently affect these results. Conclusion LTAs are an effective tool for treating CRSwNP, with limited benefit as an adjunctive therapy. Additional study is required to determine the most beneficial strategy and patient population for their use.
Dinâmica territorial e seus rebatimentos na organização regional do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Egler Claudio Antonio Gonçalves , Bessa Vagner de Carvalho , Gonçalves André de Freitas 
Published: November 2013

No presente estudo, a dinâmica territorial e seus rebatimentos na organização regional do estado de São Paulo serão analisados indicadores demográficos, econômicos e sociais que permitem refletir sobre a dinâmica territorial recente do estado de São Paulo. Também serão analisados segundo três escalas básicas: global, nacional e regional ou intra-estadual. A tentativa aqui é interpretar, por meio de uma visão multi-escalar, a complexidade dos processos espaciais que contribuem para a diferenciação do território paulista em regiões. Tal diferenciação será objeto de uma compartimentação territorial do estado segundo as diretrizes estratégicas de coesão territorial, policentralidade e sustentabilidade. Ao final será realizada uma breve análise prospectiva para a compreensão da dinâmica dos processos territoriais.