bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting carers: a learning resource for community nurses
Authors: Maskell Pip , Somerville Mary , Mathews Alex 
Published: July 2015

In 2013, as part of the Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI) Carers Project, the QNI asked the 4M Learning Network to test the need for a learning resource to enable community nurses to support carers' health and wellbeing needs. In order to measure the learning needs of community nurses, the QNI undertook a literature review ( Laing and Sprung, 2013 ). The 4M team commenced with desk research and extensive consultation using an online survey and workshops across England. The outcomes of this consultation informed the development of an open-access online learning resource for community nurses, with modules covering different aspects of the nurses' role in relation to carers, as well as a comprehensive resource directory and e-workbook. This resource was launched in March 2014. In response to the enthusiasm and positive feedback from the community nurses, two learning resources were launched in March 2015 for practice nurses and school nurses. An accompanying resource directory mobile application is currently being development and is due to be released in summer 2015. It should be noted that throughout the article, the term carers refers to informal carers, i.e. family or friends caring for a person at home; it does not refer to an employed care assistant or helper.
Assessing quality of life in Welsh carers with and without back pain
Authors: Shiue Ivy 
Published: July 2015

Background The author aimed to study the prevalence and characteristics of care provision in Welsh adults with and without back pain, as well as their quality of life. The study used a country-wide and population-based setting from an independent dataset. Method Data were retrieved from and analysed in the Welsh Health Survey 2013. Information on demographics, lifestyle factors, regular care provision, and quality of life was obtained from household interviews. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and survey-weighted multinomial regression modelling were performed. Results Of 15 007 Welsh adults aged 16 years and above, 2751 (18.3%) reported they had been caring for a sick, disabled, or frail person. The carers tended to be between 40–74 years, female, had not obtained a bachelor's degree, with a body mass index >25, physically active, smokers, and living in indoor secondhand smoke households. People who lived in mid and western Wales tended to give care, compared with those who lived in southeast and north Wales. Carers with back pain experienced slight physical health and emotional problems, whereas carers without back pain experienced worse physical health and emotional problems, which could disrupt normal life. Conclusion Nearly one in five Welsh adults, with or without back pain, have provided care for other people. Future socioeconomic structure, health policy, and nursing programmes to reinvest in long-term care, such as a national psychiatric care initiative, should be encouraged, to lessen mental suffering alongside chronic pains and to optimise adult mental health and quality of life in all people, with or without back pain.
ALIGNMENT OF CULTURAL AGREEMENT PRACTICES IN A BRAZILIAN BASED COMPANY
Authors: Russo Giuseppe , Tomei Patricia 
Published: July 2015

This paper reports the results of a case study research carried out in the Rio de Janeiro firm ARFCO, based on documentary evidence, interviews and questionnaires with the main objective to analyze the cultural agreement of an organization's subcultures, identifying the values (both extant and desired) perceived by the clusters (for both the leadership and the staff).The theoretical framework for the research is based on the theories on organizational management and change and based on the assumption that the search for clusters of similar perceptions is important for cultural alignment of subcultures.After an overview of the theories, programs and approaches for cultural management and change, the research method and questions of research are formalized so as to guide the case study. Simultaneous recourse was made to both a quantitive Q-methodology for the systematic analysis of subjectivity, that enabled the ideographic evaluation of organizational values, and a qualitative methodology, by means of study of the case. Results of the study indicate that although several elements of management and change capabilities are present, the organizational culture of ARFCO is predominantly defragmented. The existence of cultural fit among the subcultures of the leadership and the staff, with respect to desired values, offers us sufficient insight to suggest that cultural alignment within ARFCO is possible, as long as the current differences of perception can be attenuated.
Pencils of small degree on curves on unnodal Enriques surfaces
Authors: Rasmussen Nils Henry , Zhou Shengtian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We use vector-bundle techniques in order to compute dimW1
d(C) where C is general and smooth in a linear system on an unnodal Enriques surface. We furthermore find new examples of smooth curves on Enriques surfaces with an infinite number of g1
gon(C)’s.
Torsion-free G*2(2)-structures with full holonomy on nilmanifolds
Authors: Fino Anna , Luján Ignacio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We study the existence of invariant metrics with holonomy G* 2(2) ⊂ SO(4, 3) on compact nilmanifolds, i.e. on compact quotients of nilpotent Lie groups by discrete subgroups. We prove that, up to isomorphism, there exists only one indecomposable nilpotent Lie algebra admitting a torsion-free G* 2(2)-structure such that the center is definite with respect to the induced inner product. In particular, we show that the associated compact nilmanifold admits a 3-parameter family of invariant metrics with full holonomy G* 2(2).
Dendrimers for theranostic applications
Authors: Sk Ugir Hossain , Kojima Chie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecently, there have been tremendous advances in the development of various nanotechnology-based platforms for diagnosis and therapy. These nanoplatforms, which include liposomes, micelles, polymers, and dendrimers, comprise highly integrated nanoparticles that provide multiple functions, such as targeting, imaging, and therapy. This review focuses on dendrimer-based nanocarriers that have recently been developed for ‘theranostics (or theragnosis)’, a combination of therapy and diagnostics. We discuss thein vitroandin vivoapplications of these nanocarriers in strategies against diseases including cancer. We also explore the use of dendrimers as imaging agents for fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, and nuclear medical imaging.
Performance of strip-based glucose meters and cassette-based blood gas analyzer for monitoring glucose levels in a surgical intensive care setting
Authors: Claerhout Helena , De Prins Martine , Mesotten Dieter , Van den Berghe Greet , Mathieu Chantal , Van Eldere Johan , Vanstapel Florent 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe verified the analytical performance of strip-based handheld glucose meters (GM) for prescription use, in a comparative split-sample protocol using blood gas samples from a surgical intensive care unit (ICU).Freestyle Precision Pro (Abbott), StatStrip Connectivity Meter (Nova), ACCU-CHEK Inform II (Roche) were evaluated for recovery/linearity, imprecision/repeatability. The GMs and the ABL90 (Radiometer) blood gas analyzer (BGA) were tested for relative accuracy vs. the comparator hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (HK/G6PDH) assay on a Cobas c702 analyzer (Roche).Recovery of spiked glucose was linear up to 19.3 mmol/L (347 mg/dL) with a slope of 0.91–0.94 for all GMs. Repeatability estimated by pooling duplicate measurements on samples below (n=9), in (n=51) or above (n=80) the 4.2–5.9 mM (74–106 mg/dL) range were for Freestyle Precision Pro: 4.2%, 4.0%, 3.6%; StatStrip Connectivity Meter: 4.0%, 4.3%, 4.5%; and ACCU-CHEK Inform II: 1.4%, 2.5%, 3.5%. GMs were in agreement with the comparator method. The BGA outperformed the GMs, with a MARD of 3.9% compared to 6.5%, 5.8% and 4.4% for the FreeStyle, StatStrip and ACCU-CHEK, respectively. Zero % of the BGA results deviated more than the FDA 10% criterion as compared to 9.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% for the FreeStyle, StatStrip and ACCU-CHEK, respectively. For all GMs, icodextrin did not interfere. Variation in the putative influence factors hematocrit and OGMs quantified blood glucose in whole blood at about the 10% total error criterion, proposed by the FDA for prescription use.
Lebensform – zweite Natur – Person
Authors: Heinrichs Bert 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For a couple of years, “Aristotelian Naturalism” has been the subject of intensive debates. Among the most prominent proponents of this type of ethical theory are Philippa Foot and John McDowell. At first sight, these approaches are quite attractive for they seem to combine a number of advantages. The central thesis of the present paper is, however, that they do not succeed in developing a convincing ethical theory. To substantiate this claim, Foot’s approach will be presented in a first step. In a second step, McDowell’s critique on Foot will be outlined. Foot’s attempt to provide an external foundation for morality takes centre stage here. In a third step, McDowell’s own version of Aristotelian Naturalism, which has an explicitly anti-foundational shape, will be delineated. Although McDowell’s critique on Foot proves to be valid, it leads him to the wrong conclusions. He ignores that a reason-internal foundation of morality is available which resists his legitimate critique while being superior to his own anti-foundational theory. At the core of such an approach lies a non-reductive concept of person, which stands in clear contrast to Foot’s concept of “life form” as well as to McDowell’s concept of “second nature”.
Extracellular localization of catalase is associated with the transformed state of malignant cells
Authors: Böhm Britta , Heinzelmann Sonja , Motz Manfred , Bauer Georg 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Oncogenic transformation is dependent on activated membrane-associated NADPH oxidase (NOX). However, the resultant extracellular superoxide anions are also driving the NO/peroxynitrite and the HOCl pathway, which eliminates NOX-expressing transformed cells through selective apoptosis induction. Tumor progression is dependent on dominant interference with intercellular apoptosis-inducing ROS signaling through membrane-associated catalase, which decomposes H2O2 and peroxynitrite and oxidizes NO. Particularly, the decomposition of extracellular peroxynitrite strictly requires membrane-associated catalase. We utilized small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of catalase and neutralizing antibodies directed against the enzyme in combination with challenging H2O2 or peroxynitrite to determine activity and localization of catalase in cells from three distinct steps of multistage oncogenesis. Nontransformed cells did not generate extracellular superoxide anions and only showed intracellular catalase activity. Transformed cells showed superoxide anion-dependent intercellular apoptosis-inducing ROS signaling in the presence of suboptimal catalase activity in their membrane. Tumor cells exhibited tight control of intercellular apoptosis-inducing ROS signaling through a high local concentration of membrane-associated catalase. These data demonstrate that translocation of catalase to the outside of the cell membrane is already associated with the transformation step. A strong local increase in the concentration of membrane-associated catalase is achieved during tumor progression and is controlled by tumor cell-derived H2O2 and by transglutaminase.
The Bayesian Causal Effect Estimation Algorithm
Authors: Talbot Denis , Lefebvre Geneviève , Atherton Juli 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEstimating causal exposure effects in observational studies ideally requires the analyst to have a vast knowledge of the domain of application. Investigators often bypass difficulties related to the identification and selection of confounders through the use of fully adjusted outcome regression models. However, since such models likely contain more covariates than required, the variance of the regression coefficient for exposure may be unnecessarily large. Instead of using a fully adjusted model, model selection can be attempted. Most classical statistical model selection approaches, such as Bayesian model averaging, do not readily address causal effect estimation. We present a new model averaged approach to causal inference, Bayesian causal effect estimation (BCEE), which is motivated by the graphical framework for causal inference. BCEE aims to unbiasedly estimate the causal effect of a continuous exposure on a continuous outcome while being more efficient than a fully adjusted approach.
Increasing Evacuation Communication Through ICTs: An Agent-based Model Demonstrating Evacuation Practices and the Resulting Traffic Congestion in the Rush to the Road
Authors: Stephens Keri K. , Jafari Ehsan , Boyles Stephen , Ford Jessica L. , Zhu Yaguang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding evacuation practices and outcomes helps crisis and disaster personnel plan, manage, and rebuild during disasters. Yet the recent expansion in the number of information and communication technologies (ICTs) available to individuals and organizations has changed the speed and reach of evacuation-related messages. This study explores ICTs’ influences on evacuation decision-making and traffic congestion. Drawing from both social science and transportation science, we develop a model representative of individual decision making outcomes based on the amount of ICT use, evacuation sources, and the degree of evacuation urgency. We compare the evacuation responses when individuals receive both advance notice of evacuation (ANE) and urgent evacuation (UE) messages under conditions of no ICTs and prolific ICT use. Our findings from the scenarios when there is widespread ICT use reveal a shift in the evacuation time-scale, resulting in traffic congestion early in the evacuation cycle. The effects of this congestion in urgent situations are significantly worse than traffic congestion in the advance notice condition. Even under conditions where face-to-face communication is the only option, evacuations still occur, but at a slower rate, and there are virtually no traffic congestion issues. Our discussion elaborates on the theoretical contributions and focuses on how ICTs have changed evacuation behavior. Future research is needed to explore how to compensate for the
Network Disaster Response Effectiveness: The Case of ICTs and Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Davis G. Leah , Robbin Alice 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article assesses how information and communication technologies (ICTs) hindered the effectiveness of public sector organizational networks in the City of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. The analysis examines three disaster response networks responsible for disaster planning and preparedness whose primary tasks focused on evacuation, shelter, first response, and public protection. The temporal period under discussion is the immediate days prior to and after Hurricane Katrina made landfall in New Orleans, Friday, August 26, 2005 to Sunday, September 4, 2005. We discuss the status of policies instituted by the federal government, the status of local disaster planning in New Orleans, the theoretical underpinnings and empirical research on communication, ICTs, and the role of organizational networks in public administration, and summarize findings from the small corpus of research on organizational network effectiveness during and after Hurricane Katrina. Our study relies on grounded theory to document how failures of technology, communication, information sharing, and management contributed to reducing organizational network effectiveness and discusses some of the reasons for network failure during the response to Hurricane Katrina. We focus on the need for critical resources and structural conditions that prevented local organizational networks from operating effectively and efficiently. We conclude with an analysis of the continuing relevance of Hurricane Katrina by comparing events that took place following Hurricane Sandy and with series of recommendations for assessing the probability of future disasters including use of a different theoretical framework, social-ecological system thinking; a commitment to and investment in metrics, indicators, and data to measure progress towards resilience; significant investments to harden and redesign key infrastructure; and the adoption of an international perspective to inform national policies and practices.
The lateralizing and localizing value of peri-ictal cough in epileptic seizures
Authors: Korkmaz Bektaş , Erşen Gülsün , Delil Şakir , Özkara Çiğdem , Yeni S. Naz 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIntroduction.Coughing may be observed as an epiphenomenon during or after epileptic seizures.Aim.In this paper we discuss the lateralization and localization value of cough as an epileptic peri/post ictal semiological phenomenon.Material and Methods.Seven patients presenting cough as a part of their symptomatology are presented. We will discuss cough in the context of these seven patients.Results.Six out of these seven patients were multidrug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy patients, all were right handed. They were all examined for possible epilepsy surgery and four underwent surgery with complete seizure freedom. We do not have certain evidence for lateralization in one patient with hot water epilepsy though déjà vu as an initial symptom in this patient implies a temporal lobe onset. The seven other patients had temporal lobe epilepsy. Among the patients who had surgery, three had left sided and one had right sided temporal lobe surgery with consequent seizure freedom.Conclusion.Referring to the argument in the literature, with our small patient sample, we might conclude that cough has significant value in localizing seizures to the temporal lobe but overall these limited data do not suggest a lateralizing value.
Failure of a first regimen of monotherapy to control the newly diagnosed epilepsies. What to do next?
Authors: Pimentel José 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
Background. Monotherapy is the choice regimen to treat newly diagnosed epilepsies. However, if it fails, several strategies may be followed.
Aim. To discuss the treatment options when an initial monotherapy regimen fails.
Methods. We reviewed the relevant literature on the topic by using PubMed.
Review and Discussion. Approximately 64% of people with epilepsy (PWE) de novo are free of seizures with the first appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) in monotherapy. The type (first versus second generation) of the first AED to use depends on the physician's personal choice provided that it is a first-line AED. There is a tendency to prefer a substitution rather than a combination of a failed first AED when it was produced associated with an idiosyncratic reaction, was poorly tolerated at a moderate dose, or produced no improvement in seizure control. In contrast, there is some evidence to prefer secondary polytherapy whenever the PWE tolerate its first AED but with a suboptimal response. In this case, and particularly mainly if a first generation AED was used as a first-line treatment, I prefer to choose a new generation AED given their more favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. A very often used strategy is transitional polytherapy between two regimens of monotherapy.
Conclusion. Any therapeutic decision should take into account factors such as seizure type or syndrome, possibility of drug side effects, comorbidities, comedications, age, teratogenic potential, and compliance. Whatever the option to be taken, the PWE, his family or the caregivers should take part in the decision making.
Diagnostik und Bedeutung der Hepatitis E Virus Infektion
Authors: Osterman Andreas , Nitschko Hans , Eberle Josef , Campe Hartmut 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Zur Diagnostik der Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infektion stehen heutzutage verschiedene virologische Methoden zur Verfügung. Die vermehrte Wahrnehmung sporadischer Fälle akuter Hepatitis E in Deutschland lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit zunehmend auf zoonotische Übertragungen des Virus. Die Kenntnis über unterschiedlich virulente HEV-Genotypen ist sowohl in Hinblick auf Epidemiologie und Krankheitsverlauf, als auch bei der Entwicklung und Auswahl diagnostischer Werkzeuge von Bedeutung. Es existieren eine Vielzahl enzymatischer und proteinbasierter Tests (ELISA, LIA, Western Blot), die anti-HEV IgG oder IgM Antikörper verschiedener HEV-Genotypen detektieren, jedoch große Unterschiede in Bezug auf Sensitivität und Spezifität aufweisen. Die heutzutage gebräuchlichste und am schnellsten auszuwertende Methode zur Diagnosesicherung einer Hepatitis E ist die PCR. Moderne, auch kommerziell erhältliche PCR-Kits können alle vier humanpathogenen Genotypen nachweisen. Zur Differenzierung der Genotypen wird in der Regel eine Sequenzierung durchgeführt, die bisher jedoch nur bei spezieller epidemiologischer Fragestellung von Relevanz ist. Methoden wie Antigennachweis, Virusanzucht oder T-Zell Assays haben bislang keine Bedeutung in der Routinediagnostik. Auch in Zukunft werden neue Erkenntnisse über die Pathogenese des Virus, seine klinische Relevanz bei bestimmten Patientengruppen (z.B. Immunsupprimierten) und die Anwendung antiviraler und prophylaktischer Therapien (Impfung) Leistungsmerkmale existierender Testformate herausfordern und die Anforderungen an durchführende diagnostische Labore erhöhen.
Cyclic voltammogram on ridge/pore array architectured electrode inspired by butterfly-wings
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Zhou Han , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Porous architectured electrodes are intensely investigated for promoting electrochemical performance. Besides the high surface area, mass transport plays an irreplaceable role in the architecture assisting effect, which is, however, far beyond expression due to the complexity and irregularity of various electrode materials. Here, we took advantage of elaborate architectures from butterfly wings and obtained carbon electrode with ridge/pore array hierarchical architecture (ridge/pore-C) using a carbonizing-graphite coating method. A basic one-electron transfer process using the redox couple ferri/ferrocyanide as a benchmark under cyclic voltammetric conditions was conducted. The peak potential separation for ridge/pore-C was decreased by 117 mV compared to its non-architectured counterpart, with obvious enhancement of peak current density, indicating prominent beneficial impact on electrochemical responses. Further finite element simulation demonstrated the additional lateral diffusion within the ridge domain and partial thin layer diffusion within the pore array domain of ridge/pore-C, and simultaneously verified the experimental results. By constructing and investigating the well-organized porous architecture for affecting cyclic voltammogram, this work provides a prototype and cost-effective method for structural design of efficient electrodes by drawing inspiration from nature.