bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling adherence to prophylaxis in haemophilia: a patients’ perspective
Authors: Schrijvers L. H. , Kars M. C. , Beijlevelt‐van der Zande M. , Peters M. , Schuurmans M. J. , Fischer K. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryGiven the lifelong therapy in haemophilia patients, insight in non‐adherence behaviour from a patient perspective is important to understand patients’ difficulties with the following treatment recommendations. The aim of this study was to clarify the process underlying adherence (behaviour) to prophylactic treatment, from a patients’ perspective. To develop a grounded theory, a qualitative study using individual in‐depth interviews was performed to understand experiences, perceptions and beliefs concerning adherence to prophylaxis. From two Dutch treatment centres, 21 adults with haemophilia using prophylaxis were interviewed. Patients were asked how they experience their task to administer prophylaxis and how they adhere to this. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed in an iterative process, leading to the development of the grounded theory. Adherence was determined by the position of prophylaxis in life. The position of prophylaxis was determined by the perception of prophylaxis and the ability to exert prophylaxis. Patients’ perception was influenced by two main factors: acceptance of haemophilia and feeling/fearing symptoms. The ability to exert prophylaxis was influenced by understanding haemophilia and prophylaxis and planning/infusion skills. The combination of different perceptions and skills led to four main positions of prophylaxis in life: (i) prophylaxis integrated in life, (ii) prophylaxis according to doctors’ advice, struggling with irregular situations, (iii) prophylaxis is too much to handle, (iv) prophylaxis is a confrontation with illness. The adherence level gradually decreased from position 1 to 4. This information can be used to design tailored interventions to promote adherence.
Analysis of the Relative Contribution of Phagocytosis, LC3‐Associated Phagocytosis, and Canonical Autophagy During Helicobacter pylori Infection of Macrophages
Authors: Deen Nadia S. , Gong Lan , Naderer Thomas , Devenish Rodney J. , Kwok Terry 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious findings have suggested that Helicobacter pylori induces autophagic processes and subsequently takes refuge in autophagosomes, thereby contributing to persistent infection. Recently, a noncanonical form of autophagy, LC3 (microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3)‐associated phagocytosis (LAP), has been shown to be required for efficient clearance of some intracellular bacteria. Whether H. pylori infection induces LAP had not been examined previously. In this study, we determined the extent to which H. pylori infection induces canonical autophagy or LAP in macrophages, and the involvement of the H. pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) with these processes.MethodsImmunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to analyze the formation of GFP‐LC3 puncta and their colocalization with H. pylori. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the ultrastructure of H. pylori‐containing compartments.ResultsThe majority of intracellular bacteria (85–95%) were found in phagosomes that were LC3‐negative, with a small proportion (4–14%) appearing “free” in the cytosol. Only a very small percentage (0.5–6%) of intracellular H. pylori was sequestered in autophagosomes. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference in the relative distribution of H. pylori in the various compartments was observed between wild‐type and cagPAI‐mutant bacteria.ConclusionsIn macrophages, H. pylori infection does not induce LAP, but can induce canonical autophagy, which entraps a very small fraction of intracellular bacteria. We propose that this subpopulation of intracellular H. pylori might have escaped from phagosomes into the cytosol before being sequestered by autophagosomes. The cagPAI of H. pylori has only minor influence, if any, on the extent of these processes.
Dietary Intervention of Artemisia and Green Tea Extracts to Rejuvenate Helicobacter pylori‐Associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and to Prevent Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jeong Migyeong , Park Jong‐Min , Han Young‐Min , Kangwan Napapan , Kwon Sang‐Oh , Kim Bok‐Nam , Kim Won‐Hee , Hahm Ki‐Baik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectAs nonmicrobial dietary approach is capable of controlling Helicobacter pylori infection, we evaluated the efficacy of long‐term dietary administration of Artemisia and/or green tea extracts on H. pylori‐initiated, high‐salt‐promoted chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric tumorigenesis mouse model.MethodsHelicobacter pylori‐infected and high‐salt‐diet‐administered C57BL/6 mice were administered with Artemisia extracts (MP group) and/or green tea extracts (GT group) for 36 weeks in addition to the control group (ES group, gastroprotective drug, ecabet sodium 30 mg/kg, diet pellet). Gross and pathological gastric lesions were evaluated after 24 and 36 weeks, respectively, and their underlying molecular changes were measured in gastric homogenates. Detailed mechanisms were further evaluated in in vitro cell models.ResultsThe erythematous and nodular changes and mucosal ulcerative and erosive lesions were noted in the control group at 24 weeks. MP, GT, MPGT, and ES groups all showed significantly ameliorated pathologic lesion compared to the control group (p < .05). After the 36 weeks, scattered nodular masses with some central ulcers and thin gastric surface were noted in the control stomach, whereas no tumorous lesion and milder atrophic changes were observed in all MP, GT, and MPGT groups except ES group (p < .05). On molecular analysis, increased expressions of COX‐2, TNF‐α, IL‐6, lipid peroxide, and activated STAT3 relevant to H. pylori infection were significantly decreased with MPGT administration (p < .01), whereas HSP70 was significantly increased. PGDH expressions, core tumor suppressor involved in carcinogenesis, were significantly decreased with H. pylori infection (p < .05), but significantly increased in MPGT group (p < .05). Increased mucosal apoptotic index noted in the control group was significantly decreased with MP and/or GT along with significantly preserved gastric gastroprotective mediators (p < .01) such as mucins, HSP27, and HSP70. H. pylori‐induced serum TNF‐α and NF‐κB activations were significantly decreased with MPGT administration (p < .05).ConclusionLong‐term dietary intake of MP and/or GT can be an effective strategy either to rejuvenate H. pylori atrophic gastritis or to suppress tumorigenesis.
Immunomodulator ‘mushroom beta glucan’ induces Wnt/β catenin signalling and improves wound recovery in tilapia and rat skin: a histopathological study
Authors: Hsiao Chien‐Mei , Wu Yu‐Sheng , Nan Fan‐Hua , Huang Shih‐Ling , Chen Lynette , Chen Shiu‐Nan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the effects of mushroom beta glucan (MBG) on wound recovery in partial hepatectomy (PH) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and in rat skin wound healing examination. Following PH, we focussed on the effects on liver repair ability using in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro, we examined whether the MBG has an impact on liver cell proliferation, mainly through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell proliferation assay detection method. Results showed that MBG treatment was remarkable in enhancing cell proliferation of hepatocytes and in maintaining the cellular viability. Immunohistochemical staining to analyse Wnt/β‐catenin signalling also showed that MBG has the effect of promoting cell proliferation of liver tissues after PH surgery.
EPIDERMAL CELLS BEARING BOTH I‐A AND I‐E SUBREGION ANTIGENS CAN INDUCE HEN EGG WHITE LYSOZYME‐SPECIFIC T LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION*
Authors: Katoh Kiyoshi , Matsunaga Keiichiro , Ishii Norihisa , Okubo Takao , Okuda Kenji 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAntigen‐primed T lymphocytes require accessory cells to initiate a proliferative response. These cells have been designated antigen presenting cells. In the present investigation, we found that immune associated antigen (Ia) bearing, mouse epidermal cells possess antigen presenting activity. These epidermal cells also display substantial levels of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) activity. However, this MLR of itself did not suppress nor enhance antigen presenting activity. Genetic mapping studies demonstrated that compatibility at the I‐A and I‐E subregions of the MHC is important for effective presentation of either lysozyme or ovalbumin. In vitro inhibition and blocking studies using alloantisera confirmed that I‐A and I‐E gene products of these epidermal cells may play an important role in the interaction of primed T lymphocytes and antigen‐pulsed epidermal cells. In addition, epidermal cells bearing Fc and C3 receptors on the cell surfaces were more efficient at inducing the lymphocyte proliferation than were epidermal cells depleted of these cells. These results suggest that Ia positive epidermal cells may be involved in the initiation of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions through antigen recognition followed by antigen presentation and T lymphocyte proliferation.
THE POSSIBLE PROCESSING OF TYROSINASE IN THE GOLGI COMPLEXES OF THE MELANOCYTE***
Authors: Tomita Yasushi , Hariu Akiko , Kato Chikako , Seiji Makoto 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn mammals, melanin formation occurs only in melanosomes within the melanocyte, where tyrosinases are most highly accumulated; however tyrosinases exist as precursors of melanosomal enzymes in microsomes, where the enzymes are inactivated by unknown mechanism(s). The Km value of melanosomal tyrosinase for tyrosine was 0.6 mM, but that of the microsomal enzyme was 1.3 mM. The Km for tyrosine of microsomal tyrosinase was lowered to that of melanosomal tyrosinase after incubation of the microsomal enzymes with a Golgi fraction isolated from mouse melanoma. Further, the molecular weight of microsomal tyrosinase appeared to increase after incubation with the Golgi fraction; microsomal tyrosinase showed a slower mobility in SDS Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after incubation with the Golgi fraction than before incubation. These data suggest the possibility that microsomal tyrosinase is processed in the Golgi area during transfer to the melanosome in the melanocyte.
CONCENTRIC LAMELLAR SPHERES IN URINE FROM A FEMALE CARRIER OF AND PATIENTS WITH FABRY'S DISEASE
Authors: Nagao Sadanori , Satoh Norio , Inaba Shogo , Iijima Susumu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn urine samples of patients with Fabry's disease (angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, ACD) mulberry cells appear, exhibiting the ‘Maltese cross’ with polarized light; they are said to be characteristic of this disease. However, their diagnostic significance has never been clearly defined. It is also well known that patients with this disease have electron‐dense periodical lamellar bodies in the cells of various organs. Several electron microscopic investigations have demonstrated such lamellar bodies in urine samples from hemizygous male patients, but it remains unclarified whether heterozygous female carriers excrete similar bodies in urine. We examined urine samples from a female carrier of ACD and two hemizygotes with the disease, as well as from three patients with nephrotic syndrome. With the light microscope, mulberry cells with ‘Maltese cross’ were detected in all six patients, suggesting that these cells are not diagnostic for ACD. With the electron microscope, concentric lamellar spheres were found in the heterozygous female carrier and two hemizygous males, but not in patients with nephrotic syndrome. This is the first report describing urinary laminated bodies in a female carrier of ACD. It is concluded that the demonstration of mulberry cells with ‘Maltese cross’ as well as concentric lamellar bodies in urine is helpful in detecting female carriers of ACD and hemizygotes as young as 7 years of age, before they exhibit definite clinical manifestations.
CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA AND HLA IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AREA OF JAPAN
Authors: Yotsumoto Hideaki , Tashiro Masaaki , Shimokawa Yuko , Asai Hitomi , Nomoto Shigeru 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRecently, classification of malignant lymphoreticular tumors have been reevaluated and various new disease entities have been proposed. Patients with T cell lymphoma, including adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), are very frequent in the southwestern area of Japan. To investigate the role of genetic factors in patients with cutaneous malignant lymphoma (CML), which has a T cell nature, from an endemic area of ATLL, we studied the association between HLA and CML within this area. The frequency of AW24 in CML patients was reduced. AW33 and BW61 were increased in frequency in these patients. However, none of the P values mentioned remained significant after correction for the number of antigens tested. Haplotypes of AW24‐BW61, AW26‐BW61 and AW33‐BW61 were increased in frequency in CML patients.
HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH TINEA VERSICOLOR
Authors: Wu Ying‐Chin , Chen Kung‐Tung 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThirty patients with tinea versicolor (TV) and 30 age/sex‐matched healthy individuals were used to evaluate the anti‐Pityrosporum orbiculare antibodies (anti‐PO) using indirect immunofluorescence. Both serum IgG and IgM type anti‐P. orbiculare existed in both patients and controls. The antibody titers were significantly higher in patients, especially in those with erythematous lesions. Further analysis was performed and discussed in 120 controls at various ages. This investigation supports again that P. orbiculare, either as a pathogen or as a saprophyte, has enough antigenicity to produce specific humoral response in humans. The anti‐P. orbiculare antibodies may perhaps help explain the nonexistence of dermal invasion of this organism in the immunity‐intact host.
TRICHILEMMAL NEOPLASM DEVELOPING IN SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS
Authors: Horiguchi Yuji , Toda Ken‐Ichi , Kanauchi Hideo , Ozaki Motoaki , Imamura Sadao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGranulation‐like, flesh colored tumors developed in the verrucous plaques of a 70‐year‐old man and a 86‐year‐old man. The verrucous plaques, which had appeared more than 15 or 20 years earlier, were found to be a common type of seborrheic keratosis. The newly appearing tumors histologically consisted of large, glycogen‐rich, clear epidermal cells and surrounding basaloid cells, resulting in multilobular architecture. Dyskeratotic cells and parakeratotic plugs showing trichilemmal keratinization were present in both cases. Bowenoid changes were seen in a part of the plaque from one case, and many mitotic cells and an invading figure in the tumorous cells of the other. These cases demonstrate the rare possibility of trichilemmal neoplasms developing in a common type of seborrheic keratosis.
LOCALIZED PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS*
Authors: Yagi Ayako , Shiraishi Satoshi , Miki Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 32‐year‐old Japanese man was seen because of a crusted and oozing plaque on his scalp of 3 years' duration. Histologically, suprabasal clefts and bullae containing acantholytic cells as well as intercellular IgG and C3 deposits were found by the direct immunofluorescent technique. There were no circulating pemphigus antibodies. The lesion was controlled by the topical application of 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment and remained localized for the following 2 years.
DEFECTIVE UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS IN PRIMARY‐CULTURED KERATINOCYTES IN A CASE OF XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM
Authors: Eguchi Kiyomi , Inada Tetsuo , Kondo Ikuko , Ohno Tadao , Yaoita Hideo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTo confirm whether cultured human keratinocytes derived from a normal subject and a xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient (genetic complementation group A) show differences in their DNA repair systems, as has been shown in normal and XP‐fibroblasts, unscheduled DNA syntheses (UDS) were compared between the primary‐cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts after UV irradiation. The levels of UDS were low in XP‐fibroblasts but high in normal‐fibroblasts. However, only a slight difference in UDS levels between normal‐keratinocytes and XP‐keratinocytes was found. The levels of UDS were low in both normal‐ and XP‐keratinocytes as compared with normal‐fibroblasts.
EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS' CELLS IN GRANULOMA ANNULARE
Authors: Kohn Sarah , Gilhar Amos , Friedman‐Birnbaum Rahel , Nir Izhak 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLangerhans' cells were studied in the epidermis of two patients with Granuloma Annulare (GA) of the generalized type and compared with those in two normal controls. The percentage of Langerhans' cells in the GA epidermis population was 3.4% and in the control, 1.8%. The density of Langerhans' cells in different adjacent sites of the same epidermis was not uniform, being in the range of 0.9–5% in GA and 0.6–4% in controls. In the GA epidermis, the Langerhans' cell section area was increased by about 40% and the number of Langerhans' cell granules found per cell section by about 41%. The findings may indicate that, in granuloma annulare epidermis, the Langerhans' cells are in a more active state.
STABILITY OF RETINOIDS IN CULTURE
Authors: Kitano Yukio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe stability of all‐trans‐retinoic acid, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid and Ro10‐9359 (etretinate) in culture was analyzed by measuring the amount of each retinoid in culture medium with HPLC. In cultures of human keratinocytes and B16 mouse melanoma cells (K440B), all‐trans‐retinoic acid was fairly stable, but it disappeared rapidly in cultures of HeLa cells. In general, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid was more unstable. When all‐trans‐ or 13‐cis‐retinoic acid was used, the 13‐cis or all‐trans forms also appeared in the culture medium as a result of cis‐trans isomerization. Human epidermal keratinocytes were able to de‐esterify Ro10‐9359, and Ro10‐1670 was also detected in the culture medium. K440B cells had a strong capacity for de‐esterifying Ro10‐9359. When 10 nmole/ml Ro10‐9359 was added to the culture, about 1 nmole/ml of Ro10‐1670 was maintained from 24 to 96 h later. In the HeLa cells culture, no Ro10‐1670 was detected after the addition of 1 nmole/ml Ro10‐9359. These results indicate that, in the tissue culture system, the pharmacokinetics of each retinoid depended upon its concentration, the cell type and the cellular density.
CONGENITAL ONYCHODYSPLASIA OF THE INDEX FINGERS
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Kawana Naganori 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCongenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers, a condition characterized by hypoplasias and dysplasias of the nails peculiarly restricted to the index fingers, is assumed to be related to a peculiar grip of the thumbs leading to ischemia of the index fingers while the baby is in utero. This is based on our observation of a case two days after birth. Major characteristics of this condition, including index finger involvement and radial‐prone involvement of the nails, can be well explained by this hypothesis, as can exceptional cases of middle finger involvement. A case of acquired polyonychia is presented which also appears to favor the ischemia theory for this condition.
PIGMENTARY DEMARCATION LINES ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY IN JAPANESE
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Katayama Ichiro , Kobayashi Yoichi , Takijiri Chincho 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPigmentary demarcation lines were observed in a 27‐year‐old Japanese woman during her ninth month of pregnancy. She stated that they were not present before pregnancy. The lines became marked during pregnancy and subsided after delivery. Pigmentary demarcation lines associated with pregnancy have never been reported before in Japanese.
IMPAIRED HISTAMINE METABOLISM IN HUMAN ERYTHEMATOUS DERMATOSES
Authors: Imamura Sadao , Tachibana Takao , Taniguchi Shinkichi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe specific activities of histamine‐N‐methyltransferase, the only enzyme to degrade histamine in human skin, were examined in 7 specimens from normal skin, 42 from erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, erythema annulare or drug‐induced erythema and 12 from psoriasis or eczema. The enzyme activity was 3.45 ± 0.17 pmol/min/mg protein (mean ± S.E., n=7) in normal skin. The activities were significantly lower in 24 out of 30 freshly active lesional sites of erythematous dermatoses (lower than 2 S.D. from the mean in normal skin), while the activities in the central clearing areas were rather higher than those in the freshly active lesions. No significant changes were seen in the lesional skin of psoriasis or eczema. Decreased histamine‐degrading enzyme activity in the freshly active lesions of erythematous dermatoses may suggest the long lasting effect of the amine that was released in the lesions. In spite of the different clinical figures and multiplicity of etiologies, decreased histamine‐N‐methyltransferase activity was quite commonly observed, suggesting a similarity in the pathomechanisms of these dermatoses.
STUDIES ON THE PARASITIC FORMS OF TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH GRANULOMA TRICHOPHYTICUM USING THE “AGAR‐IMPLANTATION METHOD”
Authors: Nishiyama Chiaki , Miyaji Makoto , Saheki Mariko , Morioka Sadao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied the conversion of T. rubrum from hyphae to spherical cells using the agar‐implantation method. Thirteen cultures of T. rubrum were isolated from tinea superficialis and granuloma trichophyticum and they were implanted into the peritoneal cavities of ddY male mice. The cultures were divided into three groups according to their parasitic forms. The first group consisting of two cultures were isolated from tinea unguium and tinea pedis (hyperkeratotic type); they were destroyed in the peritoneal cavities of mice by the sixth week. The eight cultures in the second group were isolated from tinea cruris, tinea circinata and tinea pedis (vesicular type); they converted to spherical cells and survived for 16 weeks. The three cultures of the third group were isolated from granuloma trichophyticum; they survived and grew as hyphal forms in the peritoneal cavities of mice for over 26 weeks without spherical cell conversion. In conclusion, the parasitic forms of the three cultures isolated from granuloma trichophyticum differed from the cultures isolated from tinea superficialis.
ACQUIRED PERIUNGUAL FIBROKERATOMA
Authors: Yasuki Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAcquired periungual fibrokeratoma is essentially a topographical variant of acquired fibrokeratoma and shows a full variety of clinical features according to the specific location of each neoplasm in its relation to the nail. The protean clinical manifestations of this condition are difficult to fit together into an entity. A new classification into two groups with five subtypes, based on the anatomical and histological architecture of the nail is proposed. According to this classification, the obscure relationships among previously described cases are discussed.
NADPH OXIDASE AND MYELOPEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN PSORIASIS LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Jain Vijay K. , Gupta Vipin , Verma K.C. , Saini A.S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe levels of NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in leukocytes of twenty psoriatics were significantly raised over those of controls. Psoriatics were divided into three grades by the rule of nine: Grade I—less than 33% skin involvement, Grade II—33–66% and Grade III—over 66% involvement. A definite relationship between the percentage of surface area involved and level of the two activities was noted. They were elevated over control levels in all grades except for NADPH oxidase in grade I. There were significant increases in the activities of both enzymes in grade II as compared with grade I.