bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Neostigmine Reversal of Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents on Postoperative Respiratory Outcomes
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Meyer Matthew J. , Malviya Sanjana A. , Stanislaus Anne B. , MacDonald Teresa , Doran Mary E. , Igumenshcheva Arina , Hoang Alan H. , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background:
We tested the hypothesis that neostigmine reversal of neuromuscular blockade reduced the incidence of signs and symptoms of postoperative respiratory failure.

Methods:
We enrolled 3,000 patients in this prospective, observer-blinded, observational study. We documented the intraoperative use of neuromuscular blocking agents and neostigmine. At postanesthesia care unit admission, we measured train-of-four ratio and documented the ratio of peripheral oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (S/F). The primary outcome was oxygenation at postanesthesia care unit admission (S/F). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative atelectasis and postoperative hospital length of stay. Post hoc, we defined high-dose neostigmine as more than 60 μg/kg and unwarranted use of neostigmine as neostigmine administration in the absence of appropriate neuromuscular transmission monitoring.

Results:
Neostigmine reversal did not improve S/F at postanesthesia care unit admission (164 [95% CI, 162 to 164] vs. 164 [161 to 164]) and was associated with an increased incidence of atelectasis (8.8% vs. 4.5%; odds ratio, 1.67 [1.07 to 2.59]). High-dose neostigmine was associated with longer time to postanesthesia care unit discharge readiness (176 min [165 to 188] vs. 157 min [153 to 160]) and longer postoperative hospital length of stay (2.9 days [2.7 to 3.2] vs. 2.8 days [2.8 to 2.9]). Unwarranted use of neostigmine (n = 492) was an independent predictor of pulmonary edema (odds ratio, 1.91 [1.21 to 3.00]) and reintubation (odds ratio, 3.68 [1.10 to 12.4]).

Conclusions:
Neostigmine reversal did not affect oxygenation but was associated with increased atelectasis. High-dose neostigmine or unwarranted use of neostigmine may translate to increased postoperative respiratory morbidity.
Results of Dose-adapted Salvage Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy Based on an Endorectal MRI Target Definition Model
Authors: Zilli Thomas , Jorcano Sandra , Peguret Nicolas , Caparrotti Francesca , Hidalgo Alberto , Khan Haleem G. , Vees Hansjörg , Miralbell Raymond 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:
To assess the outcome of patients treated with a dose-adapted salvage radiotherapy (SRT) protocol based on an endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (erMRI) failure definition model after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods:
We report on 171 relapsing patients after RP who had undergone an erMRI before SRT. 64 Gy were prescribed to the prostatic bed with, in addition, a boost of 10 Gy to the suspected local relapse as detected on erMRI in 131 patients (76.6%).

Results:
The 3-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), local relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were 64.2±4.3%, 100%, 85.2±3.2%, 100%, and 99.1±0.9%, respectively. A PSA value >1 ng/mL before salvage (P=0.006) and an absence of biochemical progression during RT (P=0.001) were both independently correlated with bRFS on multivariate analysis. No significant difference in 3-year bRFS was observed between the boost and no-boost groups (68.4±4.6% vs. 49.7±10%, P=0.251).

Conclusions:
A PSA value >1 ng/mL before salvage and a biochemical progression during RT were both independently correlated with worse bRFS after SRT. By using erMRI to select patients who are most likely expected to benefit from dose-escalated SRT protocols, this dose-adapted SRT approach was associated with good biochemical control and outcome, serving as a hypothesis-generating basis for further prospective trials aimed at improving the therapeutic ratio in the salvage setting.
Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering metaphor
Authors: Kraft Nathan J. B. , Adler Peter B. , Godoy Oscar , James Emily C. , Fuller Steve , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change during succession and in plant community dynamics, although it has gained considerable attention recently as part of a surge of interest in functional trait and phylogenetic‐based approaches to the study of communities.

While the filtering metaphor has clear utility in some circumstances, it has been challenging to reconcile the environmental filtering concept with recent developments in ecological theory related to species coexistence. These advances suggest that the evidence used in many studies to assess environmental filtering is insufficient to distinguish filtering from the outcome of biotic interactions.

We re‐examine the environmental filtering metaphor from the perspective of coexistence theory. In an effort to move the discussion forward, we present a simple framework for considering the role of the environment in shaping community membership, review the literature to document the evidence typically used in environmental filtering studies and highlight research challenges to address in coming years.

The current usage of the environmental filtering term in empirical studies likely overstates the role abiotic tolerances play in shaping community structure. We recommend that the term ‘environmental filtering’ only be used to refer to cases where the abiotic environment prevents establishment or persistence in the absence of biotic interactions, although only 15% of the studies in our review presented such evidence. Finally, we urge community ecologists to consider additional mechanisms aside from environmental filtering by which the abiotic environment can shape community pattern.
An overview of laboratory apparatuses to measure seismic attenuation in reservoir rocks
Authors: Subramaniyan Shankar , Quintal Beatriz , Tisato Nicola , Saenger Erik H. , Madonna Claudio 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIntrinsic wave attenuation at seismic frequencies is strongly dependent on rock permeability, fluid properties, and saturation. However, in order to use attenuation as an attribute to extract information on rock/fluid properties from seismic data, experimental studies on attenuation are necessary for a better understanding of physical mechanisms that are dominant at those frequencies. An appropriate laboratory methodology to measure attenuation at seismic frequencies is the forced oscillation method, but technical challenges kept this technique from being widely used. There is a need for the standardization of devices employing this method, and a comparison of existing setups is a step towards it. Here we summarize the apparatuses based on the forced oscillation method that were built in the last 30 years and were used to measure frequency‐dependent attenuation in fluid‐saturated and/or dry reservoir rocks under small strains (10−8–10−5). We list and discuss important technical aspects to be taken into account when working with these devices or in the course of designing a new one. We also present a summary of the attenuation measurements in reservoir rock samples performed with these apparatuses so far.
Assessing the information in the Summaries of Product Characteristics for the use of medicines in pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Arguello Blanca , Salgado Teresa M. , Fernandez‐Llimos Fernando 
Published: September 2014

AimsTo assess the completeness and applicability of information for the use of medicines in pregnancy and lactation contained in European Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs).MethodsSmPCs available on the EMA website in April 2011 were retrieved, and information on the use of medicines during pregnancy and lactation was analyzed. A form was designed to extract information regarding drug concentrations crossing the placenta, excretion of the drug in milk, the existence of pre‐clinical and clinical studies and clinical experience describing the use of the medicine in pregnancy and lactation, medicine effects on human fertility, medicines use in women of child‐bearing potential and specific recommendations for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. SmPCs were classified as containing ‘conclusive’ or ‘ambiguous’ information depending on whether (or not) they provided clear instructions regarding medicine use in pregnancy and lactation.ResultsOf the 534 SmPCs, 89.3% did not mention whether the drug crossed the placenta, 67.6% indicated that there was no clinical experience during pregnancy and in 61.4% it was unknown whether the medicine was excreted in human milk. Recommendations for medicine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding were ambiguous in 57.0% and 16.5% of the SmPCs, respectively, and medicine use was restricted in over 90% SmPCs for both pregnancy and breastfeeding, despite no information supporting these restrictions being reported. The time elapsed since a SmPCs first approval was not associated with an increase in information quality.ConclusionsImportant information deficits on the use of medicines during pregnancy and breastfeeding were found in European SmPCs.
Epigenetic modifications of splicing factor genes in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wong Justin J.‐L. , Lau Katherine A. , Pinello Natalia , Rasko John E. J. 
Published: September 2014

Somatic mutations in splicing factor genes have frequently been reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although aberrant epigenetic changes are frequently implicated in blood cancers, their direct role in suppressing one or both alleles of critical splicing factors has not been previously examined. Here, we examined promoter DNA hypermethylation of nine splicing factors, SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, SF3A1, HNRNPR, MATR3, ZFR, and YBX3 in 10 leukemic cell lines and 94 MDS or AML patient samples from the Australasian Leukemia and Lymphoma Group Tissue Bank. The only evidence of epigenetic effects was hypermethylation of the YBX3 promoter in U937 cells in conjunction with an enrichment of histone marks associated with gene silencing. In silico analysis of DNA methylation data for 173 AML samples generated by the Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network revealed promoter hypermethylation of the gene encoding Y box binding protein 3, YBX3, in 11/173 (6.4%) AML cases, which was significantly associated with reduced mRNA expression (P < 0.0001). Hypermethylation of the ZRSR2 promoter was also detected in 7/173 (4%) cases but was not associated with decreased mRNA expression (P = 0.1204). Hypermethylation was absent at the promoter of seven other splicing factor genes in all cell lines and patient samples examined. We conclude that DNA hypermethylation does not frequently silence splicing factors in MDS and AML. However, in the case of YBX3, promoter hypermethylation‐induced downregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis or maintenance of AML.
1,2‐Diaryl‐2‐hydroxyiminoethanones as Dual COX‐1 and β‐Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors: Biological Evaluation and In Silico Study
Authors: Irannejad Hamid , Unsal Tan Oya , Ozadali Keriman , Dadashpour Sakineh , Tuylu Kucukkilinc Tuba , Ahangar Nematollah , Ahmadnejad Mahsa , Emami Saeed 
Published: September 2014

To find out new agents for treating inflammatory‐involved diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, a series of 1,2‐diaryl‐2‐hydroxyiminoethanones containing vicinal diaryl pharmacophore of COX inhibitors were tested by a set of in vitro, in vivo, and computational studies. The in vivo study of compounds indicated their prominent anti‐inflammatory ability at the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg comparable to celecoxib (10 mg/kg). Further in vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 evaluations revealed that 4‐methoxy derivative 3 had a high selective COX‐1 inhibitory activity (COX‐1, IC50 = 0.12 μm, SI > 833). To evaluate their potential use against Alzheimer's disease, in vitro evaluation of β‐amyloid fibril formation using Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) peptides was performed. The evaluation of their antiaggregation ability gave impressive results and comparable to rifampicin and indomethacin. Conformational study of compound 3 and subsequent docking of its restrained analogs on both active sites of COX‐1 and COX‐2 could provide a proof of its COX‐1 selectivity as well as molecular dynamic simulation could elucidate and give more insight into the amyloid disaggregation mechanisms leading to rational design of inhibitors.
Consumer leather exposure: an unrecognized cause of cobalt sensitization
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. , Jellesen Morten S. , Møller Per , Sloth Jens J. , Zachariae Claus , Menné Torkil 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundA patient who had suffered from persistent generalized dermatitis for 7 years was diagnosed with cobalt sensitization, and his leather couch was suspected as the culprit, owing to the clinical presentation mimicking allergic chromium dermatitis resulting from leather furniture exposure.Materials and methodsThe cobalt spot test, X‐ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine cobalt content and release from the leather couch that caused the dermatitis and from 14 randomly collected samples of furniture leather.ResultsThe sample from the patient's leather couch, but none of the 14 random leather samples, released cobalt in high concentrations. Dermatitis cleared when the patient stopped using his couch.ConclusionsCobalt is used in the so‐called pre‐metallized dyeing of leather products. Repeated studies have found high levels of cobalt sensitization, but not nickel sensitization, in patients with foot dermatitis. We raise the possibility that cobalt may be widely released from leather items, and advise dermatologists to consider this in patients with positive cobalt patch test reactions.
Are children with acute arterial ischaemic stroke eligible for hyperacute thrombolysis? A retrospective audit from a tertiary UK centre
Authors: Marecos Clara , Gunny Roxana , Robinson Robert , Ganesan Vijeya 
Published: September 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the number of children with acute arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) who would have been eligible for hyperacute thrombolysis in the authors' unit (Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK) and to identify barriers to this treatment.MethodWe compared the characteristics of children with a diagnosis of acute AIS, identified from neuroimaging databases, seen at our centre between January 2006 and December 2011. The criteria for hyperacute thrombolysis were predefined by us: age ≥8y; imaging‐confirmed diagnosis of acute AIS and arrival at our centre within 6 hours of symptom onset; occluded major artery on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance angiography; no contraindications. Factors that precluded therapy were examined.ResultsOf a total of 107 children with acute AIS identified on MRI (n=64; 33 females, 31 males; median age 4y, range 1mo–17y) or CT databases (n=43; 14 females, 29 males; median age 1y, range 1mo–15y), none would have been eligible for hyperacute thrombolysis. The major barriers to this were (1) delayed diagnosis, (2) delayed transfer to the tertiary centre, (3) age, and (4) medical comorbidities. Of 107 children, three (2.8%) would have been eligible for thrombolysis if diagnosis and transfer had occurred in a timely manner. An additional 11 children (10.3%) would have been eligible if the age criterion was 28 days or more and if diagnosis and transfer had occurred promptly.InterpretationAlthough hyperacute thrombolysis is, as yet, an unproven treatment in childhood AIS, at least a subset of patients could potentially benefit. This audit has identified that clinical factors preclude treatment in a high percentage of children. Furthermore, in our specialist unit, without an emergency department, we identified major logistic barriers that will need to be addressed to enable access to hyperacute therapies. These results could inform future trial design and service delivery.
Favorable prognosis of biallelic CEBPA gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Hong‐Ying , Deng Dong‐Hong , Huang Ying , Ye Fang‐Hui , Huang Lu‐Lu , Xiao Qiang , Zhang Bing , Ye Bing‐Bing , Lai Yong‐Rong , Mo Zeng‐Nan , Liu Zhen‐Fang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesIncreasing number of studies suggested that biallelic CEBPA (bi CEBPA) mutations were associated with favorable prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the results remain inconclusive. We therefore present a meta‐analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of bi CEBPA mutations in patients with AML.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was undertaken through August 2014 looking for eligible studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) were used to calculate estimated effect.ResultsTen studies covering a total of 6219 subjects were included in this analysis. Overall, bi CEBPA mutations were associated with favorable clinical outcome in patients with AML (HR for EFS: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32–0.52; for OS: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27–0.50), in cytogenetically normal (CN)‐AML (HR for EFS: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.29–0.49; for OS: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23–0.43). When took the cohort of monoallelic CEBPA (mo CEBPA) mutated and wild‐type CEBPA (wt CEBPA) AML as a reference group, bi CEBPA mutated AML also shown beneficial outcomes (HR for OS: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37–0.72). No significant difference was found between mo CEBPA mutation and wt CEBPA in patients with AML or CN‐AML (P > 0.05).ConclusionBi CEBPA mutations in patients with AML are strongly associated with a favorable prognosis, which suggested that bi CEBPA mutations would potentially serve as a novel prognostic marker in AML.
The plot thickens while the scope broadens: a holistic view on IL‐17 in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders
Authors: Schön Michael P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPsoriasis is an instructive example highlighting our growing knowledge about pathophysiological functions of interleukin (IL)‐17. IL‐17A is the predominant isoform implicated in key pathogenic features in this and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Several monoclonal antibodies targeting IL‐17A (secukinumab, ixekizumab) or its IL‐17RC/RA receptor (brodalumab) are currently in late stages of clinical development, where they have shown impressive efficacy. While the eponymous IL‐17 has been thought to originate primarily from T helper (Th)17 cells, more recent investigations by several groups suggest that other cell types in psoriatic lesions, such as neutrophils and mast cells, are rich sources of IL‐17, thus presumably contributing to the disease process to an as yet underestimated extent. This recent paradigm shift provides a plausible explanation for the rapid and strong efficacy of the novel compounds targeting IL‐17 functions in psoriasis and other inflammatory disorders, and provide a more comprehensive view on the complex cytokine network in these conditions.
Novel types and sites of histone modifications emerge as players in the transcriptional regulation contest
Authors: Kebede Adam F. , Schneider Robert , Daujat Sylvain 
Published: September 2014

N‐terminal tails of histones are easily accessible outside of the nucleosomal core particle and post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of these tails have been the focus of attention in the past 15–20 years. By recruiting (or excluding) specific readers, histone modifications can regulate chromatin dynamics and, by extension, DNA‐dependent processes. However, until very recently, the direct impact of histone PTMs on nucleosome structure and thus on chromatin function has remained somewhat elusive. Recent findings of novel sites and types of histone PTMs located within the globular domain of histones and, in particular, on the lateral surface of the histone octamer have changed this. As a result of their structurally important location in close proximity to the DNA molecule, this new class of histone PTMs can have a direct impact on chromatin function. Depending on their precise position at the nucleosome lateral surface (e.g. near the DNA entry/exit sites or in the dyad region), histone PTMs can regulate nucleosome structure and/or stability differently. We review recent progress on how histone PTMs can influence DNA unwrapping and/or nucleosome disassembly and shed light on how these types of novel modifications contribute mechanistically to the regulation of transcriptional activity.
A role for biotic filtering in driving phylogenetic clustering in soil bacterial communities
Authors: Goberna Marta , García Carlos , Verdú Miguel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimPhylogenetic clustering, the coexistence of evolutionarily related organisms, appears to be common in soil bacteria. This pattern has traditionally been attributed to the habitat‐filtering of bacteria that are able to survive under particular abiotic settings. According to the modern coexistence theory, however, phylogenetic clustering can also arise from biotic interactions such as the competitive exclusion of large clades with low competitive abilities. Here, we used phylogeny‐based methods to discern whether the coexistence of evolutionarily related soil bacteria results from abiotic and/or biotic filtering.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe performed a Bayesian meta‐analysis based on a literature review (n = 231) to assess whether the net relatedness index (NRI) or the nearest taxon index (NTI), two measures of the phylogenetic relatedness of taxa in local assemblages, deviate from those in randomly configured communities. We then sought the best abiotic (pH, total organic carbon and total nitrogen) and biotic predictors (relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria) of NRI and NTI.ResultsPhylogenetic clustering is pervasive in soil bacterial communities regardless of the spatial and taxonomic scales (NRI = 2.29; 95% CI [1.43, 3.29]; P < 0.001). Clustering is accentuated by productivity; that is, more fertile soils hold communities with more closely related bacteria (estimate = 1.05 [0.03, 2.15]; P < 0.05). Proteobacterial abundance, which increases with organic carbon enrichment, leads to higher relatedness among coexisting bacteria (estimate = 0.1 [0.02, 0.17]; P < 0.01) through the competitive exclusion of distantly related deep‐branching clades.Main conclusionsOur results, together with the dominance of proteobacterial lineages in soils worldwide, suggest that the overrepresentation of this clade underlies the widespread coexistence of phylogenetically related bacteria. These results are consistent with phylogenetic clustering arising via differences in competitive ability as predicted by the coexistence theory. This supports the idea that biotic filtering might have a role in driving the phylogenetic community assembly of soil prokaryotes.