bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Different Electrode on Capacitive Deionization Microfluidic Desalination
Authors: T. Heng J. , A. Abdulbari Hayder 
Published: July 2024

Recent year, microfluidics desalination technology is on its immerging path which utilizes the domination of many apparent fluids physical properties (viscosity and surface tension) in the micro-flow systems. As compared to the traditional and commercially applied desalination methods, microfluidics overcomes most of the drawbacks such as high power consumption and low separation performance. It is believed that the flow of liquids in the micro-scaled designed structures will optimize the separation efficiency and will definitely lead to higher desalination performance. In the present work, a microfluidic desalination chip was introduced. The microfluidic desalination chip was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography method and two types of electrode were used which are titanium and aluminium. The desalination efficiency was being observed, analyzed and evaluated at the constant flow rate of 90 mL/h using capacitive deionization method. The desalination efficiency with titanium and aluminium electrode was achieved with 15% and 65%, respectively. The surface morphology of both used and unused electrodes was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings in this work show that the desalination efficiency was rely on the electrode surface properties.Â Â
A fifteen level modified active neutral point clamped multilevel converter for isolated power supply systems
Authors: Thomas Jacob Jeby , D Kirubakaran Dr. 
Published: July 2024

The application of multilevel level power converters in various fields of electrical industry gained momentum during the last decade. Hybrid multilevel converters (HMC) are emerging as an alternative to the conventional two stage inverter topology in high and medium power industrial sectors. Consistency in operation, quality of output power and litheness in enhancement are the vital factors contributed to the development of hybrid multilevel converters. The major challenge met by HMCâ€™s are to attain a trade-off between the number of dc sources, switching devices and voltage levels. This paper presents the development of a modified active neutral point clamped fifteen level multi-level converter for isolated power supply electric systems. A Variable Frequency Overlapped Carrier (VFOC) modulation scheme is implemented for capacitor voltage balancing and switching loss reduction. Proposed system has been simulated under Matlab Simulink environment and a low power laboratory prototype is developed for endorsing the reliability and efficiency of the proposed converter.Â Â
Lift of Cambered Flapping Wing Inspired by Bats
Authors: Yusoff Hamid , Iswadi Ismail Noor , Shuib Solehuddin , Rozi Mat Nawi Muhad , Suhaimi Shafiq 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a bio-mimic approach was used to help characterise a flapping wing for the design of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). The main objective of this study is to characterise the lift performance of a flapping wing inspired by bat wings at different angle of attack (AoA), advance ratio (J) and wing camber. A series of flapping bat wings with different wing camber (flat, 6% camber, 9% camber, 12% camber, and 15% camber) was tested for its time averaged lift (CLavg) at AoA of 0â° to 50â° and at three different advance ratios which are; 0.88 (unsteady state regime), 1.76 (steady state regime), 3.09 (steady state regime). The result shows that as the advance ratio increases, the generated CLavg begins to decay but the enhancement of CLavg between increasing camber increases. This shows that wing camber begins to have a bigger role at higher advance ratio and hold the key to overcoming the adverse effect of high steady state flight regime on a flapping wing.Â Â
The Study of Water Media in Green Towerâ€™s Solar Collector
Authors: Hailmee Solihin Zainoor , Wisnoe Wirachman , Zailani Ramlan , Yusoff Noriah 
Published: July 2024

In general, the solar collector of a Green Tower is either air-filled or empty space. This condition allows the solar chimney to have constant air flow supply from the solar collector. In this study, water media is introduced inside the solar collector as an effort to increase the performance of the Green Tower. As solar energy is harvested, energy is stored inside the collector. Thus, this study investigates the Green Tower performance using the solar collector with water-filled media. Â The investigation is done by simulating the solar collector with water-filled condition using Computer Fluid and Dynamic (CFD) software. From here, the viability of employing the water-filled solar collector is validated. This report presents the mathematical model of the understudied conditions and compared against the experimental as well as simulation data. The simulation results show that the Green Tower's performance is very promising with good temperature output were recorded at 55Â°C and temperature difference between CFD2 (water medium) and CFD1 (air medium) was steadily recorded at approximately 12Â°C. Increased in the resulting temperature is observed by using the water-filled solar collector.Â However, the air velocity is recorded near identical between CFD1 and CFD2 due to thermal coefficient of water is higher compared to air thus resist the heat to be transferred into the heat exchanger. In conclusion, the temperature distribution inside the Green Tower is increased because of using water as a medium inside the solar collector.Â But, the heat stored inside the collector remains longer with water-filled medium thus, this condition allows the Green Tower to function during the night time as well; when the solar radiation is unavailable.Â Â
Review of Photovoltaic Cells for Solar-Powered Aircraft Applications
Authors: Bashir Danjuma Safyanu , Omar Zamri , Noor Abdullah Mohd 
Published: July 2024

This review paper presents the study of photovoltaic cells for solar-powered aircraft applications. Different PV cells and Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPTs) are evaluated, and those applicable to solar-powered aircraft are stated. A good irradiance model is developed based on Malaysia as a case study using R.SUN (IET, 2013). The model was developed using the Photovoltaic Geography Information System (PVGIS) of the European Union. PVGIS provide online interactive maps of potentials in Europe, Asia and Africa. The deviation from the tilt angle and geographical location of the flight to follow the cambered airfoil, the camber efficiency is introduced. The cells are designed to dispose of the wings and connected in series to ensure they have a similar orientation. For the flexibility of PV silicon cells for encapsulation on the wing, thin film solar cells is ascertaining suitable to be the best. For the silicon solar cell, because of their brittle nature, two methods were adopted to ensure the silicon solar cell is bend to the airfoil to minimise loss of efficiency.Â Â
Simplified Femoral Bone Model for Numerical Analysis of Proximal Femur
Authors: H. Khan M. , Daud R. , K. Ali Hassan M. , F.Azizan A. 
Published: July 2024

Numerous studies had been conducted to analyze the performance of implant for treating femoral head fractures utilizing finite element (FE) method. However, most studies use the whole femoral bone structure as the main model for conducting the numerical analysis. This will significantly increase the complexity to calculate the solution due to the higher number of meshing nodes and elements. Simplified femoral bone model without the shaft and distal region may be able to solve this issue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the viability of simplified femoral bone model for conducting a numerical analysis of femoral head. In this study, two proximal bone models were constructed; by creating a cutting plane orthogonal to the shaft of the original model and another by cutting a plane orthogonal to the femoral head. The maximum stresses were measured along the femoral neck based from the simulated von Mises stresses. Based from the results, the proximal bone model with cut plane orthogonal to the femoral shaft showed the closes overall stress distribution to the original femoral bone model with 4.32% error. Thus, the simplified model is suitable to be used to replace the original femoral model for proximal femur FE analysis.Â Â
The Effectiveness of Different Insole Material in Plantar Pressure Reduction : a Pilot Study
Authors: Shuib Solehuddin , Salwa Ahmad Anis , Rahman Omar Abdul , Faiz Borhanuddin Muhammad , Hanif Ahmad Hamidi Shahfuan 
Published: July 2024

Standing is natural human position which is an upright body position against gravity and supported only by feet. It normally caused no health hazard. However, frequent standing together with awkward standing postures may cause discomfort to the foot. This is due to higher value of plantar pressure under the foot and in the long run, its can leads to other health problems such as musculoskeletal disorder. Therefore, insole is believed to have capacity to reduce the plantar pressure under the foot by redistribute the pressure. The use of insole to reduce the plantar pressure has been well document in previous study but very little data reported on assessment among healthy subjects. Hence, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of four different types of insole materials using plantar pressure measurement. The material uses in this study are ethyl vinyl acetateÂ (EVA), Polyurethane (PU), Polyester and Polyurethane with gel (PU gel). Four healthy male volunteer with age mean and SD (24Â±1.7) years and weight (66Â±0.82) kg is required to stand in an upright position with minimal movement allowed. The comparison of four insoles with barefoot condition shows that PU insole is the most effective material because it can reduce 16.28% of plantar pressure.Â Â
Development and Evaluation of a Spot Sensor Glove for the Tactile Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Najeh Nemah Mohammed , Yee Low Cheng , Ong Pauline , Ayuni Che Zakaria Noor 
Published: July 2024

A tactile glove sensory system of the haptic feedback stimulation system for the upper limb prostheses was developed in this work to enable the patients of the upper limb amputation to recover the sense of touch and slippage. The system features six of a spot piezoresistive force sensors of type Quantum tunnelling compositesÂ (QTC) with 10 mm diameter, in order to measure the contact pressure between the hand and the objects. Five sensors were distributed on each fingertip and an extra sensor was mounted on the handâ€™s palm to cover all the critical point and increase the probability of detecting the contact pressure. The tactile glove was fabricated from the plastic glove equipping with a rigid foundation under each pressure sensor. The computer system was programmed to select the instant greatest signal from the six sensorsâ€™ signals; in order to create a critical output signal that can be provided to the haptic feedback stimulator. The touch and the slippage detection experimental tests have been done to examine the functionality of the tactile sensory glove for detecting the touch, start of touch, end of touch grasp, and slippage. The testing results showed that the amputees were able to recover the sensation of the contact pressure using a spot sensor tactile glove developed in this work.Â Â
Influence of Resin Content and Particle Size on Particleboard from Leucaena Leucocephala
Authors: Yuziah Mohd Yunus Nor , Kasim Jamaludin , Razali Zulhilmi , Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman Wan 
Published: July 2024

Overcoming shortage of raw material for particleboard manufacturing in Malaysia is crucial. Using fast growing forest plantation species such as Leucaena leucocephala provide a possibility. The study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard (density 700 kgm3) from Leucaena leucocephala with variables of resin content (10, 12 & 14 %). and particle size (1.0 mm, 2.0 mm & Unscreen).Â Resin used was melamine urea formaldehyde, for high moisture resistance particleboard.Â It is aimed for use at flooring and wet kitchen cabinet. Resin content influence physical and mechanical properties of particleboard with increase of resin content. Bigger particle size contributes to better mechanical properties, but higher in absorption of water. The result shows treatments passing minimum requirements of BS EN standard.Â Â
Tactile Sensing Fingers Device Using Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC) Pills
Authors: Aqilah Ahmad Ahsana , Izzah Lina Azman Nur , Azmi Ayub Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the potential of a material namely Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC) pills as a tactile sensor. The properties and potential of QTC pill motivate this study to develop a new tactile finger device to increased muscle strength and functional ability of the hands. This is due to the health problems involving hand such as a stroke, Parkinson and carpal tunnel syndrome have difficulties to remain stable when grasping objects. QTC is a smart polymer matrix composite and a unique material. It acts as an insulator but in the highest compression exerted, it acts as a conductor. This is due to no electron can pass through this material when there is no compression. The experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the pills by plotting Force vs. Resistance graph. It is found out that these pills are capable to detect variation of force changing between 0gF to 500gF within 5seconds after loads are applied to the pills. In addition, the sensor glove device had also been designed using QTC Pills as a tactile sensor. Then, the prototype is used to evaluate three several types of gripping touches which are no gripping touch, light gripping touch, and heavy gripping touch of sphere shape objects (61.4g). The sensor should be able to detect the slightest changes in force exerted to the ball using this simple grapping action. The re-sults are visualized by using myRIO hardware and labVIEW software. Force values of the gripping action are recorded for each finger; thumb, index, middle, ring and small finger. This work hopefully be able to assist in a rehabilitation process and use as a measurement tool to quantity the patientâ€™s hands gripping ability when compared to a healthy person.Â Â
Computer vision performance metrics evaluation of object detection based on Haar-like, HOG and LBP features for scale-invariant lettuce leaf area calculation
Authors: James Loresco Pocholo , Bandala Argel , Culaba Alvin , Dadios Elmer 
Published: July 2024

Leaf area can be used as a growth parameter as such it increases as the stage of lettuce progresses. Consideration of scale invariance in estimating the area poses challenging machine vision problems in a smart farm setup. To address this, a marker with a known area is utilized for the system for normalizing area measurements. This study proposes an automated object detection (marker) using Viola-Jones algorithm that uses Haar-like, HOG and LBP features. Performances of the system using each feature at varying illuminations and distances are then compared. Based on the result of this study, the highest performance in general, based on accuracy, precision, and false positive rate is achieved using HOG features.Â Â
Seismic performance of concrete dam-reservoir system
Authors: H.Humaish Asad , S.Shamkhi Mohammed , K. Al-Hachami B. Sc Thulfiqar 
Published: July 2024

This research is devoted to experimental work on the dynamic response of concrete gravity dam (small scale model under 1-g) taking into account the dam-reservoir and the dam-foundation interaction using the earthquake simulator shaking table which was designed and manufactured for this purpose. A 1-g dam model tests are performed and the soil foundation underneath the dam model was prepared using an air pluviation technique to obtain the relative density of 55% (medium dense soil). Many specific instruments were used: accelerometers, lvdts, pore water pressure and dynamic water pressure to measure different parameters during shaking. Two cases of tests were conducted: i) Dam built on saturated cohesion-less soil (test-1) and ii) The filled with water dam model (test-2). The seismic behavior is investigated during shaking (i.e. dynamic response and the seismic displacement) and the failure mechanism is inspected during the shaking. It was concluded that the case where the dam was filled with water is more stable during shaking that the other case and the failure mechanism is totally different. (I.e. sliding and overturning failure). The acceleration response spectra and the pore water pressure are measured and analyzed as well.Â Â
Evaluation Of E-Learning Video in Sasak Alus Language
Authors: Anwar Zul , Wibawa Basuki , Ibrahim Nurdin 
Published: July 2024

The learning process is a system which consists of various components that work together to achieve the goal. One of the components of the system is learning resources.Learning resources can be distinguished in general into two, namely learning resources by design and by utilization. Learning resources that are formulated and developed can be in the form of videos. The e-learning video of the development results before being used is first evaluated by being validated and then revised until the learning resources are appropriate to be used. Once it is considered that it can be used, the use is disseminated. This research is an evaluation study consisting of four steps. First, one-to-one evaluation by expert; second, one-to-one evaluation by learners; third, small group evaluation; and fourth, field trials.Data were collected using questionnaires then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the evaluation of the source of learning from video in one to one evaluation by experts then obtained an average value of 79.6, the results of one to one evaluation by learners then obtained a value an average of 83.8, the results of a small group trial amounted to 80.0, and the results of field trials were 85.8. Based on the results of these trials, it can be concluded that the learning resources of the videos developed are appropriate for use in the process of learning of local subject.Â Â
The Socio Demographic Status of Small Scale Fishers of Inland Open Water Area: A Case Study from Chalan Beel Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Sadekin Md Nazmus , Ali Jamal , Islam Rabiul 
Published: July 2024

Fisheries are significantly contributing to the different aspects of a community such as livelihoods, supplying of food and ensuring security of food at both local and global levels. It also provides a vital source of protein as well as cash income for many families in the developing world. Though, fisheries sector is supporting about 11% of the total populationâ€™s livelihood of Bangladesh but fisherman is one of the most vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. Moreover, like other developing countries in Bangladesh, small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are making significant support regarding food nutrition and ensuring food security, alleviating poverty and sustainable livelihoods of the people. However, the livelihood of SSFs are undervalued both in the global and national scale by the scholars. Â Considering the above fact, it is very necessary to overview the current livelihood status of small scale fishing communities of inland open water area of Bangladesh. This study discussed the socio demographic status of SSFs in the Chalan Beel area of Bangladesh. Using a primary data survey this study discussed the SSF household headâ€™s sex, age, marital status, education, household size, household dependency ratio, livelihood, general health, food and water management and social networking, for three upazilas (subdistricts) which are part of Chalan Beel of Bangladesh.
Gender Differences in Hotel Choice: A Case of Malaysian Muslims
Authors: Rosli Nadzirah , Ha Norbani Che , Ghazali Ezlika Mohd , Jano Zanariah 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide gendered insights into tourist perceptions in hotel choice among Malaysian Muslims. Specifically, this study was to examine potential gender differences relating to the perceived importance of hotel attributes in building emotional bond with the hotel and post-consumption outcomes. A survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted and a total of 474 completed and usable questionnaire were utilised for further analysis. A partial-least squares â€“ structural equation modelling was utilised for the data analysis. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between males and females in regards to the effect of hotel attributes on revisit intention and word-of-mouth. Moreover, there was significant difference on the effect of brand attachment on word-of-mouth. The study attempts to fill the gaps in literature that assumes the effects of hotels attributes in building attachment and post-consumption outcomes (i.e., satisfaction, revisit intention and word-of-mouth) are significantly different between males and females.Â The findings of this study will provide some guidelines and valuable information to stakeholders of hospitality industry in their implementation of marketing strategies.
Behavior of seismic wave propagation with respect to fracture orientations in limestone, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Masyhur Eko March Handoko Bin , Rafek Abdul Ghani Abd , Noh Khairul Arifin Mohd 
Published: July 2024

Conventional shallow surface seismic refraction survey is associated with long elastic wavelength thus it is often ignoring the existence of cracks and fractures underneath.Â Fracture has essential effect on reducing seismic velocity.Â This paper highlights the velocity variation in different direction with respect to preferred orientation of fracture sets of limestone in a quarry located at Chemor, Perak, Malaysia.Â Multi azimuth seismic refraction survey in the orientation of fan shooting is utilized to records seismic velocity from different azimuth.Â Slowness concept is used to study the responses of seismic wave velocity in regards to the discontinuity orientation.Â The analysis of the results indicate seismic wave propagates faster in the direction parallel with the strike of the fracture.Â The seismic wave experience largest time delay as the wave propagates perpendicular with the strike direction of the fracture structure.Â With this behavior of seismic wave in respect to the fractures orientation, it is possible to map the extension of the orientation of subsurface fractures.