bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One year results of the follow‐up of patients with asymptomatic idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: FERRERO A , BONNABEL A , GASCARD L , BRON AM , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine anatomical and functional retinal modifications in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) without objective symptoms.Methods This prospective monocentric study included 28 eyes of 28 patients with ERM having a best corrected visual acuity greater than 20/25. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including the measurement of the visual acuity on the ETDRS scale, a macular SD‐OCT and a microperimetry at 0, 6 and 12 months. We assessed macular abnormalities on SD‐OCT namely: retinal folds, retrofoveolar deposits, cystoid cavities and external retinal layers alterations.Results At baseline the mean visual acuity was 85±4 letters, the mean macular sensitivity was 14.3±1.3 decibels, the mean macular thickness was 357±32 micrometers and the score of the SD‐OCT retinal abnormalities per patient was 2.5±0.8. At one year, the score of the SD‐OCT retinal abnormalities per patient was significantly higher: 3.3±1.3 (p=0.007). At one year, the mean visual acuity, the mean macular sensitivity and the mean macular thickness were stable at 84±5 letters (p=0.8), 14.4±1.7 decibels (p=0.8) and 356±43 micrometers (p=0.3), respectively.Conclusion This study showed an increased number of retinal lesions observed on SD‐OCT with a stable visual acuity and a stable retinal sensitivity measured with the microperimetry after one year of follow‐up.
Automatic identification of eyes at risk of developing idiopathic macular hole
Authors: SILVA AS C. , FIGUEIRA J , LOBO C , SIMÃO S , MEIRELES A , GOMES N , BERNARDES R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To automatically identify eyes with increased risk of developing idiopathic macular hole (IMH). This is proposed based on the fact that fellow eyes from patients with unilateral IMH have a risk increased by up to 29% of developing IMH. Our hypothesis is that there are changes in the topography of the macula that can allow the identification of these eyes prior to the development of IMH.Methods High‐resolution OCT scans from eyes at risk and control patients are acquired using the Cirrus HD‐OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dubin, CA, USA), Topcon 3D OCT (Topcon Medical Systems, Inc., Oakland, NJ, USA), and Spectralis HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). From the volumetric scans, topographic maps are built from the segmentation of the inner limiting membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium. Parameters are extracted by fitting the maps to a set of bidimensional functions and from radial profiles of the region of interest. These are used to train a support vector machine (SVM), an automatic classification system. Optimizations to the system are ran in order to achieve the highest accuracy possible.Results Forty‐nine eyes with increased risk of IMH development (age: 67.4+‐5.5 yrs) and 44 control eyes (age: 58.5 +‐ 10.2) were imaged. The accuracy of the optimized SVM was 82.8%, sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 79.5%, assessed by 10‐fold cross‐validation.Conclusion The achieved results support our working hypothesis ‐ that structural changes are present well before being visible at a regular consultation.
Predicting visual outcome after macular hole surgery using fundus ‐ controlled microperimetry
Authors: SURGUCH V , ASATRYAN S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose to explore the value of fundus‐controlled (micro)perimetry in determining the functional state of macular retina in order to predict the functional results of vitrectomy surgery in patients with idiopathic macular hole (MH).Methods Design: prospective study of 16 eyes with idiopathic MH (recruited regardless of the size of the holes and visual acuity). Pre‐ and postoperative examination additionally included microperimetry and fixation assessment performed with Maia microperimeter (CenterVue). Average retinal sensitivity was measured in the area of 1 (foveal) and 3 (parafoveal) degrees from the foveal center.Results Before surgery foveal retinal sensitivity fluctuated overall on group from 7.6 to 26.76dB (average 19.04 dB), a parafoveal sensitivity – from 16.33 dB to 29.79dB (average 24.83dB). After surgery average foveal sensitivity imroved by 4dB (up to 23.09dB), while parafoveal remained nearly unchanged (average ‐ 25.43dB). Based on microperimetric results patients were divided into two groups: patient with rather high initial foveal sensitivity (more than 21dB, Group A ‐ 9 eyes) and patient with reduced sensitivity (up to 21dB, Group B ‐ 7 eyes). Although both groups were comparable by initial VA (0,18 and 0,11), BCVA in the group A improved after surgery in average up to 0.61 (0,4‐1,0), whereas in the group B improvement of BCVA was less significant ‐ in average up to 0.31 (0,2‐0,5). Preoperative fixation stability was significantly higher in the first group (78% compared to 55%, P<0,05). Baseline MH size was slightly larger in group B (min 416mu vs 342mu; max 984vu vs 650mu in Group A).Conclusion Preoperative foveal sensitivity correlates with visual outcome in MH surgery and could be used as a predictive factor.
Incidences of visual disorders on academic difficulties
Authors: KOVARSKI C , PORTALIER S , FAUCHER C , CARLU C , MIOTTI H , ORSSAUD O 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Many students underestimate their visual discomfort, although it may have an educational impact. We studied the prevalence of visual disorders among students and compared these results to their academic level.Methods Between September 2012 and April 2013, four hundred students between fifteen and twenty two years of age responded to a questionnaire followed by a visual screening (refraction and binocular vision) in order to detect any visual anomalies they might be unaware of. Then academic performance from participants was appraised and subjects were reviewed to determine whether wearing appropriate optical correction or taking orthoptic care improved their grades.Results Methods from multidimensional approaches (principal component analysis) and explanatory approaches (econometrics) were used for data analysis. Results indicate that the questionnaire score is very significant to predict probability of having academic difficulties (79%) or vision problems (89.42%). Refraction error (+16.78%) and accommodation anomalies (+16.21%) have effects on academic difficulties and binocular vision disorders are even more disadvantageous (+21.95%). Moreover, not spontaneously expressing visual discomfort doesn’t mean that there are no visual defects.Conclusion Once controlled by variables known as impacting learning process, a significant proportion of participants academic difficulties are related to vision anomalies. Therefore, screening of vision anomalies among adolescents appears to be necessary, especially if there are academic difficulties. In addition, the questionnaire used in case history seems to be an effective tool in the detection of vision anomalies and should be validated on a larger sample.
Brain structural and functional reorganization due to long term retinal peripheral degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: FERREIRA S , PEREIRA AC , QUENDERA B , MATEUS C , SILVA E , CASTELO‐BRANCO M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a rare retinal disease with progressive degeneration of photoreceptors leading to early peripheral and later central visual loss. It provides a model to analyze visual cortex plasticity since onset age ranges from infancy to adulthood. Prior studies have mostly covered structural or functional alterations in the same cohort; hence we aimed to determine the impact of RP on brain function and structure using magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Brain images of 5 RP subjects (age 37‐66 years, RP duration 6‐42 years) and 10 matched healthy controls were acquired. Retinotopy was used to delineate visual cortical areas. Participants also performed a 1‐back visual task.Results Retinal thickness, visual field, and visual acuity were decreased in RP (p<0.01). Central visual cortex responses were shifted anteriorly into regions usually representing more peripheral locations (p<0.03). Also, V1 and V3 dorsal had higher activation during the task execution (p<0.02). Moreover, cortical thickness was increased in Brodmann areas 7 and 8, and decreased in pericalcarine (p<0.04). Surface area was enlarged in isthmus cingulated, pars orbitalis, and transverse temporal (p<0.02). Caudate volume was also augmented (p=0.01).Conclusion Results suggest brain functional and structural reorganization in RP which is supported by the absence of a silent cortical visual zone, due to unmasking of peripheral responses to central stimuli. Data also suggest top down modulation of attentional higher level regions, and enhanced recruitment of visuospatial orientation mechanisms due to peripheral vision loss. Results are relevant to the development of rehabilitation methods for RP.
Microcystic macular edema in optic nerve atrophy: case series
Authors: VOIDE N , BORRUAT F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Microcystic macular edema (MME) is a new entity defined as lacunar areas of hyporeflectivity in the retinal inner nuclear layer after severe optic neuropathy (ON). Initially, MME was fortuitously discovered in optic neuritis.Methods From July 2013, we imaged all patients with ON by SD OCT. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), macular cube thickness (MCT) and retinal ganglion cell layer thickness (RGCLT) were assessed. Studied parameters included also the delay between onset of ON and detection of MME and correlation of the visual field defect to the MME topography.Results Sixteeen patients (19 eyes) exhibited MME. Etiologies of ON were compressive (7), degenerative (4), inflammatory (3), ischemic (1), and hereditary (1). There were 9 women and 7 men, mean age at diagnosis being 34.1 years. Visual acuity ranged from NLP to 12/10 (median 4/10). Mean RNFLT was 61.6µm [97+/‐10µm], mean MCT 271.37µm [261+/‐18µm] and mean RGCLT 57.22µm [82+/‐7µm]. The time from diagnosis until MME detection ranged from 4 months to 23 years. A good correlation was found between the zone of retinal atrophy on infrared photography and MME distribution. However, only 4/16 visual field defects correlated to the MME topography.Conclusion MME can occur as early as 4 months after ON (ocular trauma in our series) and can persist as late as 23 years after the onset of ON. MME is not only related to inflammatory ON, as postulated initially, but is a nonspecific manifestation from ON of any etiology. The precise mechanism leading to MME is unknown but trans‐synaptic retrograde degeneration is likely. Why only 10% of patients with ON exhibit MME is unknown, but MME might be a transient phenomenon. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed to answer these questions.
Assessment of retinal blood oxygen saturation in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: SHAHIDI AM , HUDSON C , PATEL SR , TAYYARI F , FLANAGAN JG 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose: To investigate retinal SO2 in POAG using a retinal hyperspectral camera (HRC). Method: 9 controls and 15 POAG patients were imaged using a prototype HRC, at wavelengths between 500‐610nm. POAG was classified as mild (mean deviation [MD]<‐6) or moderate to severe (MD≥‐6). Arteriolar, venular and arterio‐venous (AV) SO2 difference values were compared between the groups and the correlation with MD was assessed. Result: Mean SO2 values were 93±1.55 and 55.37±2.57 for arterioles and venules respectively in controls and 94.74±2.75 and 58.10±8.85 in the POAG group. No significant differences were found between the two groups (p=0.13 arterioles, p=0.42 venules). AV difference was also not significantly different (p=0.78). In patients with MD≥‐6, significantly higher venular SO2 (p=0.005) and significantly lower AV differences (p=0.01) were found compared to MD<‐6 and controls. No differences were found for arteriolar SO2 (p=0.31). Significant correlations were found between venular SO2 and AV differences with MD (p=0.02 and p=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with moderate to severe POAG have higher venular SO2 and lower AV differences indicating a potential association with decreased oxygen extraction from the retinal capillaries.
Physiology of retinal oxygen extraction
Authors: SCHMIDL D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that several ocular diseases such as glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy are associated with impaired ocular blood flow and altered oxygen supply of the retinal tissue. The recent development of new and sophisticated instruments for the non‐invasive measurement of retinal oxygen saturation allow now for the investigation of retinal oxygenation in both healthy and disease. In addition, combination of these technologies with non‐invasive measurements of retinal blood flow can provide data on oxygen extraction, which in turn allows for the estimation of oxygen consumption of the tissue. This talk aims to summarize our current understanding of the physiological mechanisms regulating the oxygen supply of the ocular tissues. In addition, recently introduced methods for the estimation of oxygen extraction of the retinal tissue with be presented. Finally, the possible clinical applications for these emerging techniques will be discussed.
Retinal oximetry in glaucoma
Authors: MCNAUGHT A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRetinal oximetry is an emerging technology which holds promise across in range of eye disease. Intra‐vascular retinal oximetry measurements have been obtained using both dual wavelength, and hyper‐spectral techniques. Retinal oximetric abnormalities have been demonstrated in central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy. Abnormalities have also been described in glaucoma patients: 1) Elevated retinal venous saturation, especially in eyes with reduced visual function, when compared to normal control eyes, possibly secondary to reduced inner retinal oxygen consumption. 2) Reduced arterial saturation at the optic nerve head (ONH) in animal models with acutely elevated intra‐ocular pressure, possibly related to reduced ONH perfusion. The elevated venous oxygen saturation found in retinal vessels in eyes with glaucoma damage may represent an objective measure of inner retinal function, and may hold promise as an index of ganglion cell health/remaining functional cell mass, and may therefore allow insights into the impact of therapeutic intervention eg IOP reduction, or neuro‐protective agents. The available evidence for a role for retinal oximetry in glaucoma will be presented.
Retinal oxgen metabolism under visual stimulation of neuronal activity in health and disease
Authors: HAMMER M , RAMM L , PETERS S , JENTSCH S , SAUER L , AUGSTEN R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGoal: To measure retinal vessel oxygen saturation in rest and under stimulation of neuronal activity by flicker light as well as vascular dilation upon flicker. Methods: 18 patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (mean age: 62.2±8.3 years), 41 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (64.0+12.8 years) and 40 control subjects (63.6+14 years) were investigated. Vessel diameters (central retinal arterial and venous equivalents – CRAE and CRVE) and oxygen saturation (SO2, dual – wavelength optical oximetry) were determined before and during luminance flicker stimulation (12.5 Hz, modulation depth: 1:20) for 90 s. Results: Flicker light increased CRAE, CRVE, and venous SO2 by 1.42%±3.72%, 2.80%*±2.70%, and 2.03%*±2.43% in diabetic patients as well as 4.98%*±6.23%, 8.94%*±5.26%, and 4.20%*±3.71% in the controls (*: p<0.05). This increase was significantly higher in the controls vs. patients for all parameters (t‐test, p<0.05. In glaucoma, the increase of CRVE (3.7+3.3%, p=0.039) and venous SO2 (2.482+2.453%, p=0.029) was significantly lower than in controls. Conclusions: Combining SO2 and vessel diameter measurements with visual stimulation reveals pathologic alterations in retinal oxygen supply or consumption.
Commercial interest
Vitamins and glaucoma
Authors: CORDEIRO M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOxidative stress is strongly implicated in glaucoma in different tissues including trabecular meshwork, human Tenon’s fibroblasts, and retinal ganglion cells and their axons. An established, naturally occurring anti‐oxidant is Vitamin E. Vitamin E is found in phospholipid cell membranes where it prevents lipid peroxidation and membrane damage by acting as a peroxyl radical scavenger. It is able to move through bilipid membranes and can help in enzyme activity modulation. Likewise, it is involved in vesicle transport and cellular trafficking. Alpha tocopherol is perhaps the best known form of Vitamin E, although d‐ tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), a water soluble form of vitamin E, is also well‐described being used as a drug delivery vehicle. Vitamin E has recently been shown to have other roles including regulating signal transduction, gene expression, and acting as redox sensor and is being investigated in neurodegeneration. This talk will discuss the various applications of Vitamin E in glaucoma.
Fatty acids and glaucoma
Authors: ACAR N , BRON AM , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , BRETILLON L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRetinal cell membranes are known to be rich in ether‐linked phospholipids also termed as “plasmalogens”. Although their functions remain enigmatic, plasmalogens are considered as reservoirs of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These PUFAs were shown to be released from plasmalogens by specific enzymes under specific conditions in order to play several key functions within cells. Data from our laboratory suggest that the metabolism of plasmalogens and PUFAs may be implicated in the pathophysiology of glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Through several experiments on human patients and rodent models of ocular hypertony, we have shown that the metabolism of plasmalogens and PUFAs is affected in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) in a stage‐dependent manner, that the modifications in plasmalogen metabolism may start years prior the first clinical symptoms of POAG, and that several combinations of dietary PUFAs could be efficient in preventing retinal glaucomatous damage in rodents.
Possible pros‐ and cons‐ of the effects of visual light on the progression of glaucoma
Authors: OSBORNE NN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe visual spectrum of light reaching the retina ranges from 400‐800nm. Certain photosensitizers associated with photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium are able to absorb short wave blue light (400‐450nm) to cause oxidative stress and irreversible damage. Photosensitizers of specific types also exist in mitochondria that are abundant in intraocular ganglion cell axons. Recent studies show that blue light is detrimental to mitochondria while long wave red light (700‐800nm) has positive effects. Moreover, in vitro studies show blue light to kill cells while red light has beneficial effects on cell survival. We therefore hypothesis that when ganglion cells are stressed, as in glaucoma subjects, then reducing the blue light (with filters) and enhancing the red light components impinging on ganglion cell axons will attenuate the rate of progression. Experimental studies on rats supporting such a notion will be reported.
Can we predict corneal graft rejection based on proangiogenic cytokines level at the time of transplantation?
Authors: DEKARIS I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPURPUSE: To evaluate the quantity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) in the recipient cornea at the time of penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS: Study included 20 eyes scheduled for PK. Quantity of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors: VEGF, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR3 were analysed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Postoperatively patients were followed‐up for 3 years. Frequency of corneal graft reaction and degree of corneal neovascularisation were recorded. Donor corneas obtained from cadaver eyes were controls (n=20). RESULTS: Overall quantity of VEGF‐A was 287.74 pg/ml (SD=129.181) in the inflammatory group, 115.37 pg/ml (SD=105.93) in non‐inflammatory group and 142.28 pg/ml (SD=93.081) in controls. sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR3 were significantly higher in non‐inflammatory as compared to inflammatory group. Eyes with graft reaction had significantly higher VEGF‐A (307.4 pg/ml, SD= 100.058) as compared to those without graft reaction (182.8 pg/ml, SD=124.987). Statistical analysis was done by t‐test. CONCLUSION: Graft reaction occurs more often in corneas with increased VEGF‐A. Elevated sVEGFR may act as a sink for VEGF and thus as suppressors of angiogenesis and graft reaction.
Surgical treatment of glaucoma following irradiation of uveal melanoma
Authors: SHARKAWI E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUveal melanoma treated by proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT) is associated with uncontrolled glaucoma arising from different aetiological mechanisms and often leads to enucleation. This presentation will demonstrate novel surgical approaches aimed at increasing ocular and visual preservation. Glaucoma subtypes include neovascular glaucoma in addition to concurrent pigmentary and uveitic disease. The role of aqueous shunt insertion, glaucoma filtration surgery, anti‐VEGF and the limited role of cyclodestructive procedures are outlined. Prevention and treatment of surgical complications are discussed. Results from a large cohort of eyes with glaucoma and melanoma, from a tertiary referral center, are analyzed and the importance of a multi‐disciplinary approach is examined.
Gene therapy for RPE65‐related Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: LEROY BP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The talk will focus on an overview of gene therapy trials for RPE65‐related Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), which are currently ongoing or have been finalised. Methods Systematic review of trials. Results Currently there are 6 trials around the World focusing on gene therapy for RPE65‐related Leber congenital amaurosis, with good safety outcomes and considerable success in restoring some visual function. So far, no safety issues have been encountered in these trials, whereas some improvement and/or stabilization of retinal function is seen. However, progression of disease is not halted entirely. Conclusions Gene therapy trials for RPE65‐related Leber congenital amaurosis are safe and somewhat successful in restoring and/or stabilizing retinal function, despite early indications of further progression of disease.
Gene therapy for Stargardt disease
Authors: AUDO I , MOHAND‐SAID S , ZEITZ C , BARALE PO , J‐A SAHEL 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStargardt disease is the most common cause of macular degeneration and central visual loss in young people. Currently, there is no known effective treatment that can prevent or reverse the vision loss in this disease. The disease is caused by mutations in the photoreceptor‐specific ABCA4 gene cording for a protein involved in the active transport of retinoids from the photoreceptors to the underlying retinal pigment epithelium to initiate the visual cycle. Pre‐clinical studies on animal model of Stargardt disease have shown effects on subretinal administration of viral vectors containing the human ABCA4 gene upon liposfuscin accumulation, the hallmark of the disease, thus providing a proof‐of‐concept for gene therapy. Indeed, the first‐ever gene‐based therapy Phase I/II clinical trial for treatment of Stargardt disease, StarGen™, is currently underway (NCT01367444) at the Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, US and the Centre Hospitalier Nationale d'Ophthalmologie des Quinze‐Vingts, Paris, France. We will discuss the principle and issues raised by the current trial as well as potential alternative therapies.