bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Cost Consequences of Metabolic Effects of Lurasidone Versus
Other Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia
Authors: Rajagopalan Krithika , Guo Shien , Hernandez Luis , Green Julia , Loebel Antony 
Published: July 2014

Objective:
To estimate the economic burden of hyperglycemia and diabetes associated with lurasidone versus
other atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia.

Methods:
A discrete event simulation model was developed to conduct the analysis from both US payer and societal
perspectives over a 3-year timeframe. The model, based on the values of metabolic parameters at 1 year of treatment,
identified patients with hyperglycemia at that point and predicted incident cases of diabetes over 3 years using a risk
equation from the Framingham Heart Study. Direct and indirect costs of diabetes and hyperglycemia were estimated,
according to patients’ disease status over time. Data on metabolic changes at 1 year were mainly from 4 clinical studies of
lurasidone, supplemented with published data for other atypical antipsychotics. Cost inputs (2012 US dollars) were
obtained from published sources.

Results:
Compared with olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine XR, lurasidone was predicted to result in 2,785,351, and
847 fewer hyperglycemia cases and 1,142,153, and 67 fewer incident diabetes cases per 10,000 patients over 3 years,
respectively. Consequently, there was a reduction in the economic burden of diabetes and hyperglycemia by
approximately $23 million, $2.9 million, and $3.4 million from a US payer perspective, and $28 million, $3.6 million, and
$3.7 million from a societal perspective.

Conclusion:
Adverse metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics could have substantial unfavorable clinical and
economic consequences. Lurasidone may reduce these burdens and may be a treatment alternative for patients with
schizophrenia.
Global review of studies on traffic police with special focus on environmental health effects
Authors: Patil Rajan , Chetlapally Satish , Bagavandas Mapilliraju 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSince occupation is a major determinant of health, traffic police personnel face multiple occupational hazards. They are continuously exposed to vehicular emissions and work in a noisy and polluted environment. The objective of the present review is to explore the impact of occupational health hazards on the health of traffic police personnel. Published research papers on traffic police reporting occupational health issues were accessed and reviewed. Attempts were made to access papers that reported negative associations in order to present a balanced review. The majority of the studies have reported a decrease in the lung function and increased respiratory morbidity. The research on the cytogenetic abnormalities or genotoxic effect of vehicular emissions arising due to long-term exposure to benzene and other polyaromatic hydrocarbons has provided conflicting results, since more or less equal numbers of studies have given evidence for and against the causal association. There is a vast accumulation of epidemiological evidence on the casual association between vehicular pollution and its carcinogenic effect. Multiple studies have concluded that traffic police are highly stressed. A number of occupational factors have been attributed to stress among traffic police. Occupational health studies help us to understand the effects of vehicular pollution and its adverse influence on workers. They also provide opportunity for defined exposures measurements and precise risk assessment. The findings from these studies are easily generalizable and can help us understand the impact of air pollution on the general population.
Population genetics of the endemic and endangered Vriesea minarum (Bromeliaceae) in the Iron Quadrangle, Espinhaço Range, Brazil
Authors: Lavor Pâmela , van den Berg Cássio , Jacobi Claudia M. , Carmo Flávio F. , Versieux Leonardo M. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Knowledge about genetic variability in plant populations is one of the main branches of conservation genetics, linking genetic data to conservation strategies. Vriesea minarum is a bromeliad endemic to the Iron Quadrangle region (southeastern Brazil), occurring on mountaintop rock outcrops. It is listed as endangered due to habitat loss, particularly from iron ore mining. Thus, determining the structure and genetic diversity of V. minarum populations could help develop strategies to conserve the species.• Methods: We studied the genetic structure of 12 populations of V. minarum using 10 microsatellite loci transferred from other species of Bromeliaceae. Statistical analyses to compare and describe the genetic diversity of each population were performed, and genetic structure within and among populations, isolation by distance, and Bayesian structure were also analyzed.• Key results: Our results show high inbreeding (GIS = 0.376) and low population structure (FST = 0.088), possibly related to high gene flow due to great pollinator efficiency and/or efficient seed dispersal, thus leading to high connectivity among populations of these fragmented rock outcrops. Two clusters were observed, corresponding to the basins of rivers São Francisco and Doce.• Conclusions: Gene flow among populations is high but, given the rate of habitat loss to mining, most populations are vulnerable and will become increasingly isolated if no action is taken to preserve them. Thus, conservation of this species depends on in situ and ex situ actions, such as controlling overexploitation and creating a germoplasm bank.
The structure and development of incompletely closed carpels in an apocarpous species, Sagittaria trifolia (Alismataceae)
Authors: Huang Lan‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Wen , Wang Xiao‐Fan 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Carpel closure is commonly considered as a key innovation in angiosperms; however, some families continue to exhibit a variety of forms of incomplete carpel closure. The carpel of Sagittaria species contains an unusual structure. In this study, we confirm the closure type of the carpel of Sagittaria trifolia and discuss its development and evolution.• Methods: Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of semithin sections were used to observe the development and the mature structure of the carpel. Pollen tube growth in the carpel and seed germination in the achene was also studied.• Key results: During late carpel development, the middle parts of the carpel margins underwent postgenital fusion. However, at maturity the lowest and uppermost parts of the carpel margins remained open. The mature carpel was incompletely closed and contained a secretion‐filled canal, which extended from the stigma to the opening at the carpel base. At that site, pollen tubes could either grow to the ovule or exit the carpel and grow to other carpels. The basal opening also served as an exit point for the seedling to emerge.• Conclusions: Incomplete carpel closure by S. trifolia differs from the closure types recorded in previous studies because two entrances link the ovary in the carpel to the outside environment. This type of carpel closure occurs as a result of the lack of fusion of the carpel margins at the base of the carpel and could improve the seed set and seedling germination of S. trifolia.
Polyphyletic origin of Brassica juncea with B. rapa and B. nigra (Brassicaceae) participating as cytoplasm donor parents in independent hybridization events
Authors: Kaur Puneet , Banga Shashi , Kumar Nitin , Gupta Shilpa , Akhatar Javed , Banga Surinder S. 
Published: July 2014

• Premise of the study: Brassica juncea is a major source of edible oil in the Indian subcontinent and northern China. It is also used as a root and leaf vegetable in China and as a condiment in Europe and America. There is a long‐standing view that B. juncea originated from multiple hybridization events between B. rapa and B. nigra and that hybridizations were always unidirectional with B. rapa as the cytoplasmic donor. These conclusions were, however, centered primarily on nuclear markers.• Methods: Two hundred forty‐six accessions of B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. nigra were genotyped using chloroplast and nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.• Key results: A structure analysis assigned B. juncea germplasm (122) into three major groups based on plasmotype variation. The bulk of Indian B. juncea genotypes were grouped along with Chinese and Australian accessions. This plasmotype was absent in sampled accessions of B. rapa (97), B. nigra (27), and other wild crucifers (10). The second group of B. juncea included East European genotypes and four accessions from India. It showed unambiguous homology with the predominant B. nigra plasmotype. The neighbor joining tree produced seven subgroups, arranged into two broad lineages. The first lineage included Indian, Australian, and Chinese B. juncea genotypes; it was associated with wild species belonging to the “rapa” lineage. Nuclear SSR marker‐based analyses were largely supportive of results from chloroplast SSR analyses.• Conclusions: Based on these results, we provide the first report that B. juncea originated several times with both B. rapa and B. nigra as cytoplasmic donors in separate hybridization events.
Vitamin D Time Profile Based on the Contribution of Non-Genetic and Genetic Factors in HIV-Infected Individuals of European Ancestry
Authors: Guidi Monia , Foletti Giuseppe , McLaren Paul , Cavassini Matthias , Rauch Andri , Tarr Philip E , Lamy Olivier , Panchaud Alice , Telenti Amalio , Csajka Chantal , Rotger Margalida ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: July 2014

Background Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in HIV-infected individuals and vitamin D supplementation is proposed according to standard care. This study aimed at characterizing the kinetics of 25(OH)D in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals of European ancestry to better define the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on 25(OH)D levels. These data were used for the optimization of vitamin D supplementation in order to reach therapeutic targets. Methods 1,397 25(OH)D plasma levels and relevant clinical information were collected in 664 participants during medical routine follow-up visits. They were genotyped for 7 SNPs in 4 genes known to be associated with 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed using a population pharmacokinetic approach. The percentage of individuals with 25(OH)D concentrations within the recommended range of 20–40 ng/ml during 12 months of follow-up and several dosage regimens were evaluated by simulation. Results A one-compartment model with linear absorption and elimination was used to describe 25(OH)D pharma-cokinetics, while integrating endogenous baseline plasma concentrations. Covariate analyses confirmed the effect of seasonality, body mass index, smoking habits, the analytical method, darunavir/ritonavir and the genetic variant in GC (rs2282679) on 25(OH)D concentrations. 11% of the inter-individual variability in 25(OH)D levels was explained by seasonality and other non-genetic covariates, and 1% by genetics. The optimal supplementation for severe vitamin D deficient patients was 300,000 IU two times per year. Conclusions This analysis allowed identifying factors associated with 25(OH)D plasma levels in HIV-infected individuals. Improvement of dosage regimen and timing of vitamin D supplementation is proposed based on those results.
Diel activity patterns of Paradiplosis tumifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its inquiline, Dasineura balsamicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), within young balsam fir
Authors: Carleton R. D. , Johns R. C. , Edwards B. V. , Eveleigh E. S. , Silk P. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractField studies were carried out to assess diel activity patterns of the balsam gall midge, Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in 2012, and its inquiline, Dasineura balsamicola (Lintner) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in 2013, in a young balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller) stand in New Brunswick, Canada. Both gallmaker and inquiline are most active during the afternoon/evening hours (17:00–22:00 hours). Male gallmaker activity was largely confined to the space below the crown and typically involved short periods of flight of <30 seconds. Calling and mating by the gallmaker occurred at ground level and were followed by dispersal of females to the vegetative crown. Female gallmakers were typically observed in the tree crown beginning in early afternoon, with peak oviposition occurring between 20:00 and 21:00 hours. Female inquilines displayed similar activity patterns, although no calling or mating were observed. Moreover, inquiline flight and foraging for oviposition sites were more active than the gallmaker, with shorter rest periods and more buds visited than the gallmaker. Our results indicate that population monitoring should focus on female gallmakers as they fly during the evening. Also, before any treatment application, care should be taken to accurately identify the insects to ensure that the inquiline is not inadvertently killed.
Canon, Jubilees 23 and Psalm 90
Authors: Venter Pieter M. 
Published: July 2014

There never existed only one form of the biblical canon. This can be seen in the versions as well as editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bibles. History and circumstances played a central role in the gradual growth of eventually different forms of the biblical canon. This process can be studied using the discipline of intertextuality. There always was a movement from traditum to traditio in the growth of these variant forms of biblical canon. This can be seen in an analysis of the intertextuality in Jubilees 23:8–32. The available canon of the day was interpreted there, not according to a specific demarcated volume of canonical scriptures, but in line with the theology presented in those materials, especially that of Psalm 90.
Attribution of interminima changes in the global thermosphere and ionosphere
Authors: Emmert J. T. , McDonald S. E. , Drob D. P. , Meier R. R. , Lean J. L. , Picone J. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a statistical attribution analysis of the changes in global annual average thermospheric mass density and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) between the cycle 22/23 solar minimum (which occurred at epoch 1996.4) and the prolonged cycle 23/24 minimum (2008.8). The mass density data are derived from orbital drag, and the TEC data are derived from ground‐based GPS receivers. The interminima change in mass density was −36% relative to the 1996.4 yearly average. Considering each multiplicative forcing independently, lower average geomagnetic activity during the cycle 23/24 minimum produced an interminima density change of at least −14%, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance forcing produced a density change of −1% to −13%, and changes in thermospheric CO2 concentration produced a density change of −5%. There was essentially no interminima change in global TEC derived from ground‐based GPS receivers or space‐based altimeters, even though past behavior suggests that it should have changed −3% (0.2 TEC units (1 TECU = 1016 el m−2)) in response to lower geomagnetic activity and −1% to −9% (0.1–0.8 TECU) in response to lower EUV irradiance. There is large uncertainty in the interminima change of solar EUV irradiance; the mass density and TEC data suggest a plausible range of 0% to −6%.
Multiscale dynamical analysis of a high‐resolution numerical model simulation of the Solomon Sea circulation
Authors: Djath Bughsin' , Verron Jacques , Melet Angelique , Gourdeau Lionel , Barnier Bernard , Molines Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA high 1/36° resolution numerical model is used to study the ocean circulation in the Solomon Sea. An evaluation of the model with (the few) available observation shows that the 1/36° resolution model realistically simulates the Solomon Sea circulations. The model notably reproduces the high levels of mesoscale eddy activity observed in the Solomon Sea. With regard to previous simulations at 1/12° resolution, the average eddy kinetic energy levels are increased by up to ∼30–40% in the present 1/36° simulation, and the enhancement extends at depth. At the surface, the eddy kinetic energy level is maximum in March‐April‐May and is minimum in December‐January‐February. The high subsurface variability is related to the variability of the western boundary current (New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent). Moreover, the emergence of submesoscales is clearly apparent in the present simulations. A spectral analysis is conducted in order to evidence and characterize the modeled submesoscale dynamics and to provide a spectral view of scales interactions. The corresponding spectral slopes show a strong consistency with the Surface Quasi‐Geostrophic turbulence theory.
Detection of spatially limited high‐porosity layers using crosshole GPR signal analysis and full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Klotzsche Anja , van der Kruk Jan , Bradford John , Vereecken Harry 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh‐permittivity layers, related to high‐porosity layers or impermeable clay lenses, can act as low‐velocity electromagnetic waveguides. Electromagnetic wave phenomena associated with these features are complicated, not well known and not easy to interpret in borehole GPR data. Recently, a novel amplitude analysis approach was developed that is able to detect continuous low‐velocity waveguides and their boundaries between boreholes by using maximum and minimum positions of the trace energy profiles in measured GPR data. By analyzing waveguide models of different thickness, dip, extent, permittivity, and conductivity parameters, we extend the amplitude analysis to detect spatially limited or terminated waveguides. Waveguides that show high‐amplitude elongated wave trains are most probably caused by a change in porosity rather than a change in clay content. In a crosshole GPR data set from the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, two terminated wave‐guiding structures were detected using the extended amplitude analysis. Information gained from the amplitude analysis improved the starting model for full‐waveform inversion which imaged the lateral extent and thickness of terminated waveguides with high resolution. Synthetic data calculated using the inverted permittivity and conductivity models show similar amplitudes and phases, as observed in the measured data, which indicates the reliability of the obtained models. Neutron‐Neutron logging data from three boreholes confirm the changes in porosity and indicate that these layers were high‐porosity sand units within low‐porosity, poorly sorted sand, and gravel units.
Correlated patterns in hydrothermal plume distribution and apparent magmatic budget along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge
Authors: Baker Edward T. , Hémond Christophe , Briais Anne , Maia Marcia , Scheirer Daniel S. , Walker Sharon L. , Wang Tingting , Chen Yongshun John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMultiple geological processes affect the distribution of hydrothermal venting along a mid‐ocean ridge. Deciphering the role of a specific process is often frustrated by simultaneous changes in other influences. Here we take advantage of the almost constant spreading rate (65–71 mm/yr) along 2500 km of the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) between 77°E and 99°E to examine the spatial density of hydrothermal venting relative to regional and segment‐scale changes in the apparent magmatic budget. We use 227 vertical profiles of light backscatter and (on 41 profiles) oxidation‐reduction potential along 27 first and second‐order ridge segments on and adjacent to the Amsterdam‐St. Paul (ASP) Plateau to map ph, the fraction of casts detecting a plume. At the regional scale, venting on the five segments crossing the magma‐thickened hot spot plateau is almost entirely suppressed (ph = 0.02). Conversely, the combined ph (0.34) from all other segments follows the global trend of ph versus spreading rate. Off the ASP Plateau, multisegment trends in ph track trends in the regional axial depth, high where regional depth increases and low where it decreases. At the individual segment scale, a robust correlation between ph and cross‐axis inflation for first‐order segments shows that different magmatic budgets among first‐order segments are expressed as different levels of hydrothermal spatial density. This correlation is absent among second‐order segments. Eighty‐five percent of the plumes occur in eight clusters totaling ∼350 km. We hypothesize that these clusters are a minimum estimate of the length of axial melt lenses underlying this section of the SEIR.
Improved short‐term variability in the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model
Authors: Häusler K. , Hagan M. E. , Baumgaertner A. J. G. , Maute A. , Lu G. , Doornbos E. , Bruinsma S. , Forbes J. M. , Gasperini F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report on a new source of tidal variability in the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM). Lower boundary forcing of the TIME‐GCM for a simulation of November–December 2009 based on 3‐hourly Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA) reanalysis data includes day‐to‐day variations in both diurnal and semidiurnal tides of tropospheric origin. Comparison with TIME‐GCM results from a heretofore standard simulation that includes climatological tropospheric tides from the global‐scale wave model reveal evidence of the impacts of MERRA forcing throughout the model domain, including measurable tidal variability in the TIME‐GCM upper thermosphere. Additional comparisons with measurements made by the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite show improved TIME‐GCM capability to capture day‐to‐day variations in thermospheric density for the November–December 2009 period with the new MERRA lower boundary forcing.
The influence of melting and melt drainage on crustal rheology during orogenesis
Authors: Diener Johann F. A. , Fagereng Åke 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPartial melting significantly weakens crustal rocks by introducing a low‐viscosity liquid phase. However, near‐concomitant melt drainage can remove this weak phase, potentially reversing the rheological effects such that the strength of a specific lithology depends on when the prograde pressure‐temperature path intersects a melting reaction, how much melt is produced, and how long this melt is retained before it is lost. Phase equilibria and mixed rheology modeling of typical metapelite and metagreywacke compositions indicate that these rocks undergo continuous but pulsed melt production during prograde metamorphism. Depending on whether melt removal is continuous or episodic, and assuming geological strain rates, the lithologies can retain a very low strength less than 1 MPa or transiently strengthen to ∼5 MPa following melt loss. Lithologies undergoing episodic melt loss can therefore cycle between being relatively weak and relatively strong components within a composite crustal section. Melt production, retention, and weakening in the middle to lower crust as a whole is more sustained during heating and melt production, consistent with geodynamic inferences of weak, melt‐bearing lower crust. However, the long‐term consequence of melting and melt loss is a 50–400% increase in the strength of residual lithologies. The strengthening is more pronounced in metapelite than metagreywacke and is achieved through a combination of dehydration and the removal of the weak mica framework coupled to increased proportions of strong feldspars and garnet. Despite prolonged weakness, melting and melt loss therefore ultimately result in a dry and elastic lower crust.