bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty
Authors: Yukhanaev Andrey , Sharma Satish 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the current economic environment, companies across the world constantly experience a great deal of instability, uncertainty, and various risks in the day‐to‐day business operations. Globalization of the commercial activities in many industries has brought both significant complexities in the management process and many opportunities for corporate growth. International expansion strategies not only provided enormous potential for business leaders in terms of accessing the necessary resources and distant insatiable markets, but also presented numerous challenges caused by differences in social, economic, and institutional development of the foreign destinations. Thus, being competitive internationally today means professional dealing with uncertainty, understanding of its nature and sources, as well as having competences to govern enterprises in the volatile and rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jung 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Cosmopolitanism is a concept widely used in popular businesses, as well as scholarly discourses, but lacks a generally accepted definition. The interest in cosmopolitanism is primarily in response to an increasingly connected global business environment. The core idea of cosmopolitanism in the international management field is an individual's orientation or identity horizon that transcends the conventional local boundaries of social entities such as corporations, communities, nation states, or the countries of origin. Cosmopolitanism construct influences a number of subfields in international management such as global leadership and global mindset, biculturalism, and international assignment and career literature. The future research agenda of cosmopolitanism include the following: (i) a further refinement of the cosmopolitanism construct to a generally accepted definition; (ii) research into the antecedents of cosmopolitanism; and (iii) the identification of distinctive skills and outcomes of cosmopolitan individuals to provide insights on how organizations might leverage the full potential of cosmopolitan individuals.
World Values Survey
Authors: Stonefish Twiladawn , Kwantes Catherine T. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The World Values Survey was developed to document and enabling an understanding of values across cultures and across time with waves of data collection from 1981 until the present. It has information from over 100 countries on all six continents. Two dimensions of cross‐cultural differences are tapped by the WVS: Traditional/Secular‐rational and Survival/Self‐expression. Together, these two dimensions explain a large part of the difference in values between cultures.
Competing in a Global Marketplace: Just‐in‐Time in the Value Chain
Authors: Granberry Jameshia , Raisinghani Mahesh S. , Arora Anshu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

This article examines the viability of the inventory management system just in time (
JIT
), in a global economy. Before
JIT
's creation, many companies relied upon inventory management systems called
material requirements planning
(
MRP
), which had consisted of fully stocked inventory warehouses and expensive software packages. Thirty years have passed since the creation of
JIT
, and this idea has spread from the manufacturing industry to the service industry. Many industries have acquired
JIT
principles because of the profitable advantages first experienced by the manufacturing industry. The Bose Corporation has refined and launched a new
JIT II
system, which supercharged the original model by implementing system integration. Departments such as engineering, planning, and purchasing are bridging the interorganizational gap between customer and supplier to improve communications, visibility, and efficiency from production to final delivery.
Computer Ethics
Authors: Allen Gove 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Computer ethics is a term used broadly to refer to issues surrounding computer use where appropriate behavior may be unclear. These issues are increased when computers are part of an interconnected information systems. Areas of prominence in computer ethics include privacy, copyright, appropriate use of shared resources, misappropriation, cyberloafing, malware, and others. Additionally, more traditional ethical issues are considered a part of computer ethics because the nature of computing environments facilitates certain behaviors; these include: gambling, pornography, bullying, plagiarism and others. Professionals who work in creating and administering computing systems may be subject to the formal codes of ethics of different associations.
Information Overload
Authors: Elie‐Dit‐Cosaque Christophe 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Organizations produce considerable amounts of information every day. However, the volume of information received by workers often exceeds their processing capabilities, which consequently results in information overload. This article provides an overview of the concept information overload by emphasizing its main determinants and consequences. Furthermore, it sheds light on organizational and individual responses to this phenomenon, as well as on the key challenges faced by management information systems researchers and practitioners regarding this concept.
E‐Commerce
Authors: Chircu Alina M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhen an enterprise engages in electronic commerce (EC, also called e‐commerce), the Information Systems (IS) function must provide the organization with specialized communications and information processing capabilities for this method of commerce. These capabilities are reflected in the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, applications, operations, and support staff, which are the responsibility of the IS function. This article defines e‐commerce types (B2C, B2B, B2G, C2C, G2C, and G2B), transactions (from the perspective of transaction phases such as pre‐purchase intentions, purchase consummation, and post‐purchase intentions), and applications (describe, publish, advertise, sell, and provide service), and also identifies e‐commerce management issues (from both the buyer's and seller's perspectives).
IT
Project Management
Authors: Wallace Linda 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
IT project management refers to the application of a set of methodologies, tools, procedures, and practices to the planning and execution of an IT project. A project manager must lead a team of people through the multiple phases of a project (initiation, planning, execution, monitoring/controlling, and closing), while also maintaining the delicate balance of time, cost, and project scope. Project management training and certifications are available to assist project managers in obtaining the requisite skills that they will need to guide a project to successful completion. Project management standards and methodologies, as well as other types of project management tools and techniques, are often utilized in order to control the complex matrix of variables that must be managed during the course of the project. As organizations and technologies change in the future, project management methods will also need to transform and adapt accordingly.
ITStandards
Authors: Kirsch Laurie J. , Weng Qin 
Published: January 2015

Abstractnformation technology (IT) standards articulate specifications, metrics, rules, and guidelines about IT, to promote technology interoperability, interchangeability, and compatibility. Standards are developed by both formal and informal standard‐setting bodies, and involve a large number of stakeholders.ITstandards exist at the industry; organizational; and individual levels, and address technology; data; and processes. ComplementingITstandards are comprehensive frameworks that integrate specific standards and management practices.
Knowledge Management
Authors: Jennex Murray E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractKnowledge management (KM) is about capturing knowledge created and/or used in an organization and making it available to those who need it to make decisions.KMachieves this by helping organizations leverage what they know and by improving connectivity between knowledge sources and/or knowledge users. The emphasis inKMresearch is focused onKMimpacts on organizational performance and competitive enhancement. This article introduces the concepts ofKMby first expanding onKMand then discussing knowledge, knowledge management systems (KMS),KMtechnologies, andKMissues and areas of research.
Management of
IT
Services
Authors: Conger Sue 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

As organizations shift to a services orientation, information technology (
IT
) organizations are undergoing a similar shift to better serve their parent organizations. Two key aspects of managing
IT
services are how
IT
relates to the rest of the organization in managing demand for
IT
services and how
IT
delivers services to the organization in daily aspects of
IT
operations. Demand management deals with creating new services and improving existing ones.
IT
operations management deals with infrastructure design and provisioning, and interactions to service information requests and outages. Both, demand management and
IT
service delivery are subject to measurement to support continuous improvement.
Automated Product Identification Using
RFID
(Radio Frequency Identification)
Authors: Sengupta Arijit 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Product identification is a crucial success factor for any business that involves tangible assets. The success or failure of a business depends on accurately tracking these assets through their life cycle, from manufacturing to sale and post‐sale activities. Barcodes have been the technology of choice since their first use on Wrigley's gum in 1974. The introduction of inexpensive yet effective electronic identification through the use of radio frequency identification (
RFID
) in the mid‐1990s initiated a major transition in the product identification arena. As
RFID
technology has stabilized and its cost/scan has decreased, many businesses have adopted
RFID
and now realize a good return on investment (
ROI
) for the technology. In this article, we provide a summary of the technology and explore some of the major success factors in the proper adoption of the
RFID
technology for automated product identification.
Social Media Introduction
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah , Kane Jerry 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe proliferation of new social media platforms challenges our understanding of how people interact online, offering a tenuous balance between the promise of collective social connection and the privacy of individuals. In this introduction, we review the history of select social media platforms in order to draw attention to the evolution of the technology that drives wikis, blogs, electronic social networks, and social selection sites. From this history, we identify technologies that have been combined and evolved to allow users new methods of connection. Utilizing these established social media platforms as a foundation, we explore emergent phenomenon, including mobile and gaming, that are revolutionizing our consumption and use of social media. We conclude by highlighting the increasing interdependence between social media platforms, and the challenges for people who use them.
Software Engineering
Authors: Slaughter Sandra A. , Wu Tianshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSoftware engineering is the application of formal engineering principles, concepts, and methodologies to construct software systems. It involves the use of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach for the development, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance of software systems. The focus of software engineering tends to be large systems that have substantial performance, capacity, reliability, security, quality, and safety requirements. The software engineering discipline addresses how such systems are built and maintained in ways that are economically viable for the producers and users. In this article, we begin by describing a brief history of the software engineering discipline. We then discuss the important parts of software engineering, including requirements engineering; design; construction; testing; deployment and maintenance; quality; dependability and security; and process and tools.
Technology Acceptance Model And The Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology
Authors: Venkatesh Viswanath 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. I trace its origins, which relates back to the technology acceptance model, and discuss related models. I share some of my experiences, as an author, editor, and reviewer, to identify some common problems in current research investigations in this area. Drawing on these lessons, I make suggestions for future research on this topic.
Virtual Worlds
Authors: Saunders Carol , Rutkowski Anne F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article describes virtual worlds (VWs) and a theory of virtual space and place (VSP) that explains the basic elements of VWs. VSP theory may thus be used to explain how individuals can work more effectively in virtual three‐dimensional spaces. It links the concepts of space, place, and presence and seeks to understand the relationships among them. A common thread binding these three objects is the movement of objects across a range of directions. In this article, we define the three key concepts in VSP: space, place, and presence. We present a research model to illustrate how they are interrelated in seemingly three‐dimensional worlds. We conclude with descriptions of a test of the theory and the theory's contributions.
Health Information Technology
Authors: Klein Richard 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Health information technology (HIT), as defined by Thompson and Brailer (2005), encompasses “the application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data and knowledge for communication and decision making.” The United States Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) notes that HIT includes the implementation of information and communication technology in healthcare through the use of electronic health records (EHRs), personal health records (PHRs), e‐mail communication, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and clinical decision support systems, among others. Additionally, academics, practitioners, and medical industry suppliers have developed numerous clinical alert and reminder tools as well as electronic monitoring systems, among others, employing radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology and a growing number of mobile technology innovations.
Shared Services
Authors: Ulbrich Frank 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Shared services is a term that denotes (i) a management idea and (ii) a service‐providing organizational entity. As a management idea, shared services can broadly be defined as a best practice that focuses on consolidating common services within an organizational context to share these services rather than internally duplicating them. As an organizational entity, shared services is a service‐providing entity. Historically, this entity has been referred to as the
Shared Service Center
(
SSC
).
Service Science
Authors: Srinivasan Ananth , Breidbach Christoph F. , Kolb Darl G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractService science, orservice science, management, and engineering(SSME), is an emerging interdisciplinary academic discipline that aims at understanding service and service systems. Initially spearheaded by IBM Corporation, the discipline has matured in recent years. The state of service science to date has reached a point where universities around the world offer degree programs, while academics and practitioners alike advance the field through a variety of specialized journals and conferences.
Antitrust Remedies (US)
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article identifies the various forms of remedial action available to the US Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission for criminal and civil violations of the US antitrust laws. The article also identifies the relief from antitrust injury which is available through private litigation, and some of the benefits and potential drawbacks of a private damages system. In addition, the Department of Justice's corporate amnesty program for whistleblowers involved in price fixing and similar conspiracies which violate the Sherman Act is detailed, as are some of the economic incentives which have resulted in its success.
C
layton Act
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the Clayton Act which is one of the three main antitrust laws in the United States. Several sections of the act which are focused on important business conduct such as tying, price discrimination and mergers are examined here. The economics behind each of these business practices, and examples of each, are provided. The potential anticompetitive effects and economic benefits of each of these business activities are also presented, as are the legal requirements for a finding of a violation of the law. Several defenses and important court decisions are cited here as well.
Cross Elasticities
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article defines the economic meaning of the term cross elasticity and demonstrates how it is measured. The article also identifies the proper use of the value of this measure in determining whether two goods act as substitutes, or as complements to one another.
Examples of each are offered. Also demonstrated is the importance of cross elasticity to management decisions through its relation to a firm's sales.
Elasticity
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article explains the fundamentally important economic concept of elasticity. The concept is described and the formula for its calculation is presented. The three cases of its most prominent form, known as price elasticity of demand, are examined. The article also identifies the underlying causes of the varying responses by consumers when faced with a change in the price of a good. In addition it explains for business managers the important role of elasticity in influencing business revenues and profitability.
EUCompetition Policy
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article provides a foundation for understanding antitrust (competition) policy within the European Union. The two prevailing statutes, Article 101 and 102 of the Treaty of Lisbon, are each examined and evidence as to how various aspects of each law has been interpreted in recent years is provided. Also detailed are the EU's rules of implementation, which provide for the distribution of authority between the EU and its member nations to investigate possible violations and enforce the laws. The European Commission's special powers of investigation and the remedial options available to the commission for providing relief from a violation are presented. Also included is a description of the EU corporate amnesty program and its conditions. A comparison is drawn with US antitrust policy regarding several aspects of the law and its enforcement. In addition, UK competition law and some areas of conflict and convergence with that of the EU are explored.
EUMerger Guidelines
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article provides a description of the 2004 EU guidelines for horizontal mergers and the 2008 guidelines developed to examine nonhorizontal (vertical and conglomerate) mergers. The process by which the regulatory authorities examine these mergers is identified, as are parallels and emerging differences between these and the more recently adopted US merger guidelines. The economic methods and evidence involved in examining possible coordinated and noncoordinated anticompetitive effects of a merger are highlighted, as are the regulatory commission's definition and measurement of market boundaries and market concentration. The practical importance of these guidelines to the business community is also discussed.
Geographic Market
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article identifies one of the two boundaries necessary to identify the economic scope of a market. In addition it establishes the importance, in antitrust terms, of identifying the geographic area in which competition takes place among a set of rivals. The article presents various forms of evidence used by regulators and the courts to establish this area. The economics underlying the commonly used “20 percent rule” is also explored.
M
icrosoft Antitrust Case:
EU
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article provides an examination of the two principle antitrust investigations of Microsoft Corp. which were brought by the European Commission during the past decade. Microsoft's behavior is examined in those markets in which the Commission found the “abuse of a dominant position” which is in violation of Article 102 of the European Union's (EU's) 2009 Lisbon Treaty. The remedial actions called for in the first case and Microsoft's commitments resulting from a settlement of the subsequent case are evaluated. A comparison is drawn between these cases and the parallel case brought in the United States. The divergence in policy decisions and remedial relief provided by EU and US antitrust authorities and their respective courts is presented.
Microsoft Antitrust Case: Remedies (US)
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article offers a description and analysis of the remedies proposed by the US government following the District Court's finding that Microsoft had violated US antitrust law. It first provides an economic examination and critique of the structural relief which was initially proposed by the government. In particular, proper regulatory relief in light of the existence of network externalities is considered. The article then describes the various behavioral remedies which were agreed to by Microsoft and the government in a settlement of the case. In addition, some results of private lawsuits that emanated out of the original case are presented.
Utility Maximization
Authors: Becker Gilbert 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article provides an economic presentation and analysis of the maximization of total utility. The selection by a consumer of an optimal combination of goods to be purchased within his budget limit is explained within a model using indifference curves to describe the individual's preferences. The condition for utility maximization is provided in mathematical form as well as in a diagram of the typical consumer. Several alternative uses of this model – examining business strategies, government policies, and decision making by other economic agents (e.g., workers) are also identified.
Definition of Bankruptcy
Authors: Cohen Evan K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Bankruptcy can be declared by an individual or business when in financial distress. Focusing on business bankruptcy, it protects the assets of the firm for the benefits of its creditors. Firms can file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, where they attempt to reemerge as a going concern after their liabilities are restructured, or Chapter 7 protection, where the firm liquidates its assets and ceases its operations. Bankruptcy has many costs, including reputation, future access to credit, potential loss of customer base, as well as legal and financial advisory services, but oftentimes, it's the best option for distressed firms to either restructure and continue operating or to liquidate and provide creditors with the most value.