bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local control for identifying subgroups of interest in observational research: persistence of treatment for major depressive disorder
Authors: Faries Douglas E. , Chen Yi , Lipkovich Ilya , Zagar Anthony , Liu Xianchen , Obenchain Robert L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCaregivers are regularly faced with decisions between competing treatments. Large observational health care databases provide a golden opportunity for research on heterogeneity in patient response to guide caregiver decisions, due to their sample size, diverse populations, and real‐world setting. Local control is a promising tool for using observational data to detect patient subgroups with differential response on one treatment relative to another. While standard data mining approaches find subgroups with optimal responses for a particular population, detecting subgroups that reveal treatment differences while also adjusting for confounding in observational data is challenging. Local control utilizes unsupervised clustering to form non‐parametric patient‐level counterfactual treatment differences and displays them as an observed distribution of effect‐size estimates. Classification and regression trees (CART) then find the factors that drive the greatest outcome differentiation between treatments. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the use of this two‐step strategy using local control plus CART to identify depression patients most (least) likely to benefit from treatment with duloxetine relative to extended‐release venlafaxine. Prior medication costs and age were found to be factors most associated with differential outcome, with prior medication costs remaining as an important factor after sensitivity analyses using a second dataset. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of vinblastine and sirolimus in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors
Authors: Morgenstern Daniel A. , Marzouki Monia , Bartels Ute , Irwin Meredith S. , Sholler Giselle L.S. , Gammon Janet , Yankanah Rosanna , Wu Bing , Samson Yvan , Baruchel Sylvain 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of vinblastine and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor sirolimus inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma xenografts through pro‐apoptotic and anti‐angiogenic mechanisms. This phase I study aimed to explore the safety and toxicity of this combination in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors.ProcedurePatients ≤21 years of age with recurrent/refractory solid tumors (including CNS) were eligible. Sirolimus was administered daily by mouth or nasogastric (NG) tube, with doses adjusted to achieve a target trough concentration of 10–15 ng/ml, with weekly intravenous vinblastine (dose escalated 4–6 mg/m2/dose according to 3 + 3 phase I design).ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled (median age 8.7 years; range 2.3–19) of whom 12 were evaluable for toxicity and 11 for response. One patient experienced a dose‐limiting toxicity (grade 3 mucositis) at the highest vinblastine dose level. Myelosuppression was the most common toxicity. Dose‐adjusted sirolimus trough concentrations were significantly lower in patients receiving drug via NG tube (1.50 ± 0.75 ng/ml/mg vs. 2.25 ± 1.07 ng/ml/mg for oral administration). Correlative biomarker analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in serum concentration of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR2) at 28 days compared to baseline consistent with inhibition of angiogenesis. One patient had a partial response and three had stable disease for more than 3 months.ConclusionsThe combination of mTOR inhibitor and vinblastine given over an extended continuous schedule is safe, associated with a reduction in circulating angiogenic factor (CAF) VEGFR2 and resulted in clinical responses. Future studies using the intravenously administered mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus are planned. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:128–133. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing trends in Schedule II opioid use and doctor shopping during 1999–2007 in California†
Authors: Han Huijun , Kass Philip H. , Wilsey Barth L. , Li Chin‐Shang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine the age and gender‐specific trends of Schedule II opioid use among California residents, with special reference to multiple provider users (doctor shoppers).MethodsUtilizing data from the California Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, we examined age and gender‐specific trends of Schedule II opioid use during calendar years 1999–2007. Specifically, we analyzed the following: (1) the prevalence of Schedule II opioid users among California's population and (2) the proportion of these opioid users who were doctor shoppers (defined as an individual who used more than five different prescribers for all Schedule II opioids he or she obtained in a calendar year).ResultsAmong all age and gender groups, the prevalence of Schedule II opioid users in California increased by 150%–280% and the prevalence of doctor shoppers among users increased by 111%–213% over 9 years. The prevalence of opioid users was lowest among 18–44 year old men (1.25%) and highest among 65‐year and older women (5.31%) by 2007. The prevalence of doctor shoppers was approximately 1.4% among those up to age 64 years and 0.5% among those 65 years and older. The gender difference in doctor shoppers among all age groups was negligible. On average, the cumulative morphine‐equivalent amount of Schedule II opioid per individual obtained per year was threefold to sixfold higher for doctor shoppers than for the general population across different age and gender groups.ConclusionsAge and gender differences in opioid use were relatively small, whereas the trends for use of opioids and multiple providers grew at a disquieting rate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change
Authors: Abraham J. P. , Baringer M. , Bindoff N. L. , Boyer T. , Cheng L. J. , Church J. A. , Conroy J. L. , Domingues C. M. , Fasullo J. T. , Gilson J. , Goni G. , Good S. A. , Gorman J. M. , Gouretski V. , Ishii M. , Johnson G. C. , Kizu S. , Lyman J. M. , Macdonald A. M. , Minkowycz W. J. , Moffitt S. E. , Palmer M. D. , Piola A. R. , Reseghetti F. , Schuckmann K. , Trenberth K. E. , Velicogna I. , Willis J. K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe evolution of ocean temperature measurement systems is presented with a focus on the development and accuracy of two critical devices in use today (expendable bathythermographs and conductivity‐temperature‐depth instruments used on Argo floats). A detailed discussion of the accuracy of these devices and a projection of the future of ocean temperature measurements are provided. The accuracy of ocean temperature measurements is discussed in detail in the context of ocean heat content, Earth's energy imbalance, and thermosteric sea level rise. Up‐to‐date estimates are provided for these three important quantities. The total energy imbalance at the top of atmosphere is best assessed by taking an inventory of changes in energy storage. The main storage is in the ocean, the latest values of which are presented. Furthermore, despite differences in measurement methods and analysis techniques, multiple studies show that there has been a multidecadal increase in the heat content of both the upper and deep ocean regions, which reflects the impact of anthropogenic warming. With respect to sea level rise, mutually reinforcing information from tide gauges and radar altimetry shows that presently, sea level is rising at approximately 3 mm yr−1 with contributions from both thermal expansion and mass accumulation from ice melt. The latest data for thermal expansion sea level rise are included here and analyzed.
Joint feeder‐link bandwidth compaction and interference mitigation based on a hybrid space/ground processing architecture for a broadband multi‐beam satellite system
Authors: Thibault I. , Devillers B. , Candreva E.A. , Lombardo F. , Vanelli‐Coralli A. , Corazza G.E. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn a broadband multi‐beam satellite system, a hybrid space/ground processing has the potential to allow for a more efficient use of the feeder‐link spectral resources when the payload is equipped with a multi‐fed reflector antenna and the number of feeds exceeds the number of users to be served on‐ground. In conventional systems, where the processing burden is kept on‐ground to minimize payload complexity, the on‐ground and the space segments have to engage in extensive communication efforts on the feeder‐link to exchange the whole set of multiplexed feed signals. When spectral resources are scarce, an expensive multiple‐gateway (GW) infrastructure is required to cope with these communication efforts. As an alternative, this work suggests a hybrid architecture where the satellite and the GW are able to exchange a set of intermediate signals called feedlets, whose cardinality is smaller than the number of feeds. When this occurs, the satellite implements a fixed non‐adaptive processing called Coarse Beamforming (CB) to reconstruct feed signals from the subset of feedlets. Non‐adaptive processing keeps the payload complexity acceptable, while a gain is obtained in terms of feeder‐link bandwidth reduction. The objective of this paper is to study the implications of introducing a fixed processing scheme on‐board, the satellite for the Forward Link (FL) of a broadband multi‐beam satellite network. The first part of this work studies the effect of bandwidth compression on the quality of on‐board reconstructed feed signals.The second part focuses on the effect of coarse beamforming on the system's spectral efficiency and availability when adaptive precoding is implemented at the GW to allow for a full‐frequency‐reuse scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐dimensional random projected minutiae vicinity decomposition‐based cancellable fingerprint template
Authors: Jin Zhe , Goi Bok‐Min , Teoh Andrew , Tay Yong Haur 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWith the massive deployment of biometric applications, protecting the biometric template has attracted great attention because of the privacy issue. Although many proposals on protecting biometric template have been reported in literature, design a method simultaneously satisfying four criteria, that is performance, non‐invertibility, cancellability, and diversity still remains unsolved. In this paper, we proposed a two‐dimensional random projected minutiae vicinity decomposition (MVD) technique to secure minutiae‐based fingerprint template. Minutiae vicinity is first formed from a set of fingerprint minutiae and further used to generate a set of local features, namely MVD features; then, a random matrix derived from user‐specific token is used to project MVD features for the concealment of the topology of MVD. Comprehensive experiments on fingerprint verification competition datasets are carried out, and the lowest equal error rate obtained in the stolen‐token scenario is 3.07% and 1.02% for fingerprint verification competition 2002 database 1 and database 2, respectively. Besides, detail analyses on the irreversibility, cancellability, template size, and computational cost have been carried out. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Do SMEs with Single and Multiple Owners Finance Their Operations Differently? Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Newman Alexander , Borgia Daniel , Deng Ziliang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the impact of firm‐level characteristics on the capital structures of private small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as the differences between the capital structures adopted by SMEs with single and multiple owners in China. Our findings highlight the limited use of asset‐based financing by Chinese SMEs. We also find that the propensity of SMEs with single‐owners to use external debt was significantly less than those with multiple owners. Furthermore, our findings suggest that single‐owned firms are subject to a more constrained pecking order than those with multiple owners. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Not Just for After Lunch
Authors: Toth Aimee 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis Teaching Tip is based on a vocabulary study conducted at Thetford Elementary in Thetford, Vermont. It explores the positive effects of ulizing paired conversational response and teaching of associative connections within read aloud. Teachers who scaffold student undertanding during read aloud using the Four C's: compare and contrast vocabulary, make connections to what is known, and use context to fill in meaning for unknown words students, will see the greatest gains in their students.
The role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipoate protein ligase homologue, Lip3, in lipoic acid synthesis
Authors: Hermes Fatemah A. , Cronan John E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe covalent attachment of lipoate to the lipoyl domains (LDs) of the central metabolism enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is essential for their activation and thus for respiratory growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A third lipoate‐dependent enzyme system, the glycine cleavage system (GCV), is required for utilization of glycine as a nitrogen source. Lipoate is synthesized by extraction of its precursor, octanoyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP), from the pool of fatty acid biosynthetic intermediates. Alternatively, lipoate is salvaged from previously modified proteins or from growth medium by lipoate protein ligases (Lpls). The first Lpl to be characterized, LplA of Escherichia coli, catalyses two partial reactions: activation of the acyl chain by formation of acyl–AMP, followed by transfer of the acyl chain to lipoyl domains (LDs). There is a surprising diversity within the Lpl family of enzymes, several of which catalyse reactions other than ligation reactions. For example, the Bacillus subtilis Lpl homologue LipM is an octanoyltransferase that transfers the octanoyl moiety from octanoyl‐ACP to GCV. Another B. subtilis Lpl homologue, LipL, transfers octanoate from octanoyl–GCV to other LDs in an amido‐transfer reaction. Study of eukaryotic Lpls has lagged behind studies of the bacterial enzymes. We report that the Lip3 Lpl homologue of the yeast S. cerevisiae has octanoyl‐CoA–protein transferase activity, and discuss implications of this activity on the physiological role of Lip3 in lipoate synthesis. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Isolation of an endophytic fungus producing baccatin III from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei
Authors: Zaiyou Jian , Li Meng , Guifang Xu , Xiuren Zhou 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi producing baccatin III from yew for the purpose of baccatin III and paclitaxel manufacture. Surface sterilized bark of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei was used as source material with potato dextrose agar culture medium for isolation of endophytic fungi. Fungal cultures were extracted with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v) and the baccatin III in the extracts was determined and authenticated with LC–MS. An endophytic fungus that produced baccatin III was identified by ITS rDNA and 26S D1/D2 rDNA sequencing. A total of 192 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from T. wallichiana var. mairei. Only one of the 192 strains produced baccatin III and it was identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum. The productivity of this strain cultured in PDA culture medium was 0.219 mg/l. The isolated endophytic fungus produced baccatin III at a relatively high level and shows promise as a producing strain for baccatin III and paclitaxel manufacture after strain improvement.
Classification of Turkish Monocultivar (Ayvalık and Memecik cv.) Virgin Olive Oils from North and South Zones of Aegean Region Based on Their Triacyglycerol Profiles
Authors: Gökçebağ Mümtaz , Dıraman Harun , Özdemir Durmuş 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, a total of 22 domestic monocultivar (Ayvalık and Memecik cv.) virgin olive oil samples taken from various locations of the Aegean region, the main olive growing zone of Turkey, during two (2001–2002) crop years were classified and characterized by well‐known chemometric methods (principal component analysis [PCA] and hierarchical cluster analysis [HCA]) on the basis of their triacylglycerol (TAG) components. The analyses of TAG components (LLL and major fractions LOO, OOO, POO, PLO, SOO, and ECN 42–ECN 50) in the oil samples were carried out according to the HPLC method described in a European Union Commission (EUC) regulation. In all analyzed samples the value of trilinolein (LLL), the least abundant TAG, did not exceed the maximum limit of 0.5 % given by the EUC regulation for different olive oil grades. The ranges of abundant TAG, namely LOO, OOO, POO, PLO, and SOO, were 13.30–16.08, 37.27–46.36, 21.39–23.24, 4.93–7.03, and 4.72–6.00 %. The TAG data of Aegean virgin olive oils were similar to those of products from important olive‐oil‐producing Mediterranean countries was determined. Also, the estimation of major fatty acids (FA) was carried out by using a formula based on TAG data. The PCA results showed that some TAG components have an important role in the characterization and geographical classification of 22 monocultivar virgin olive oil. The Aegean virgin olive oil samples were successfully classified and discriminated into two main groups as the North and South (growing) subzones or Ayvalık and Memecik olives (cultivars) according to the HCA results based on experimental TAG data and calculated major FA profile.
Hip surveillance and management of the displaced hip in cerebral palsy
Authors: Robb J. E. , Hägglund G. 
Published: August 2013

Introduction This article provides an overview of the management of a displaced hip in children with cerebral palsy and considers surveillance programmes, principles of surgical reconstruction and options for the salvage of an unreconstructable hip in these children. Conclusion Hip dislocation in CP is potentially preventable if children are included from an early age in a surveillance programme that includes repeat radiographic and clinical examinations, and preventive treatment for hips that are displacing. A surveillance programme should be based on the child's age, GMFCS level and migration percentage (MP), and surgical prevention may be considered in children with a MP exceeding 33 %.
Nilsequences, null-sequences, and multiple correlation sequences
Authors: LEIBMAN A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA ($d$-parameter) basic nilsequence is a sequence of the form $\psi (n)= f({a}^{n} x)$,$n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $, where $x$ is a point of a compact nilmanifold $X$, $a$ is a translation on $X$, and$f\in C(X)$; a nilsequence is a uniform limit of basic nilsequences. If $X= G/ \Gamma $ is a compact nilmanifold, $Y$ is a subnilmanifold of $X$, $\mathop{(g(n))}\nolimits_{n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} } $ is a polynomial sequence in $G$, and $f\in C(X)$, we show that the sequence $\phi (n)= \int \nolimits \nolimits_{g(n)Y} f$ is the sum of a basic nilsequence and a sequence that converges to zero in uniform density (a null-sequence). We also show that an integral of a family of nilsequences is a nilsequence plus a null-sequence. We deduce that for any invertible finite measure preserving system $(W, \mathcal{B} , \mu , T)$, polynomials ${p}_{1} , \ldots , {p}_{k} : { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z} $, and sets ${A}_{1} , \ldots , {A}_{k} \in \mathcal{B} $, the sequence $\phi (n)= \mu ({T}^{{p}_{1} (n)} {A}_{1} \cap \cdots \cap {T}^{{p}_{k} (n)} {A}_{k} )$, $n\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $, is the sum of a nilsequence and a null-sequence.
A starfish bed in the Middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies)
Authors: JAGT JOHN W. M. , THUY BEN , DONOVAN STEPHEN K. , STÖHR SABINE , PORTELL ROGER W. , PICKERILL RON K. , HARPER DAVID A. T. , LINDSAY WILLIAM , JACKSON TREVOR A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first starfish bed to be recognized from the Antilles is a lensoid body in the middle Miocene Grand Bay Formation of Carriacou, The Grenadines (West Indies). This unit was deposited in a turbidite basin in a region of active volcanism fed from one centre and preserves common deep-water taxa more typical of the Palaeozoic, such as crinoids and brachiopods. The starfish bed is a channel-fill deposit laid down in at least 150–200 m water depth, although the specimens may have been derived from shallower water. A goniasterid asteroid and an ophiacanthid ophiuroid have been recognized. The first articulated asteroid from the Antillean fossil record isParagonaster(?)haldixonisp. nov. In all skeletal features it appears close to the extant Atlantic speciesParagonaster grandisH. L. Clark andP. subtilis(Perrier), but differs in having a single row of rectangular abactinal ossicles extending to the arm tip; these are longer than wide. The brittlestar,Ophiocamax ventosasp. nov., is described on the basis of a fragmentary disc and arms from this deposit. The closest similarities are with the extant tropical western Atlantic speciesOphiocamax hystrixLyman andO. austeraVerrill. However, the new species has thorns covering the entire surface of dorsal arm plates, while arm spines have a multitude of small thorns, loosely arranged in numerous rows and dorsal arm plate shape differs markedly. The occurrence ofO. ventosasp. nov. suggests thatOphiocamaxhas been a deep-sea taxon at least since the Miocene.
The first 40Ar–39Ar date from Oxfordian ammonite-calibrated volcanic layers (bentonites) as a tie-point for the Late Jurassic
Authors: PELLENARD P. , NOMADE S. , MARTIRE L. , DE OLIVEIRA RAMALHO F. , MONNA F. , GUILLOU H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEight volcanic ash layers, linked to large explosive events caused by subduction-related volcanism from the Vardar Ocean back-arc, interbedded with marine limestones and cherts, have been identified in the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation (northeastern Italy). The thickest ash layer, attributed to the Gregoryceras transversarium ammonite Biozone (Oxfordian Stage), yields a precise and reliable 40Ar–39Ar date of 156.1 ± 0.89 Ma, which is in better agreement with GTS2004 boundaries than with the current GTS2012. This first biostratigraphically well-constrained Oxfordian date is proposed as a new radiometric tie-point to improve the Geologic Time Scale for the Late Jurassic, where ammonite-calibrated radiometric dates are particularly scarce.
Hormonal changes causing rhinitis in pregnancy among Malaysian women
Authors: Indirani B , Raman R , Omar S Z 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the aetiology of rhinitis occurring in pregnancy, by (1) describing the relationship between pregnancy rhinitis and serum oestrogen, progesterone, placental growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor, and (2) assessing the prevalence of pregnancy rhinitis among Malaysian women.Methods:Prospective study involving 30 pregnant women followed at an ante-natal clinic for 14 months. Hormone levels were analysed during pregnancy and the post-partum period.Results:Levels of all four hormones were elevated in the third trimester, compared with first trimester and post-partum values. Rhinitis patients had higher levels of oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor 1 in the third trimester than non-rhinitis patients, although these differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of rhinitis was 53.3 per cent, with most cases occurring in the third trimester. Patients with pregnancy rhinitis had a higher prevalence of female babies, compared with non-rhinitis patients (p = 0.003).Conclusions:Pregnancy rhinitis was significantly more common in women giving birth to female babies. Women with pregnancy rhinitis had a non-significant elevation in oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, compared with those without rhinitis.