bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glymphatic dysfunction exacerbates cognitive decline by triggering cortical degeneration in Parkinson's disease: evidence from diffusion-tensor MRI
Authors: Zhao Yang , Xu Changyuan , Chen Yufan , Gong Tao , Zhuo Mengyuan , Zhao Cheng , Sun Zhanfang , Chen Weibo , Xiang Yuanyuan , Wang Guangbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The glymphatic system may play a central role in cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease, but its relationship with regional cortical atrophy is not fully explored. To explore associations among glymphatic dysfunction, regional cortical degeneration and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease participants, we evaluated 51 participants with documented Parkinson’s disease (28 men; age, 61.65 ± 8.27 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls (11 men; age, 59.2 ± 5.90 years) who underwent 3.0-T MRI of the brain, including high-resolution T1-weighted imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space as a surrogate for glymphatic flow. Cortical grey matter volume was segmented automatically based on three-dimensional T1-weighted sequences. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. The relationship between glymphatic dysfunction, cognitive decline and regional cortical degeneration was explored. The participants with Parkinson’s disease revealed lower diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space (1.45 ± 0.17 versus 1.64 ± 0.17, P &lt; 0.0001) as compared with normal controls, indicating disturbed glymphatic flow. Glymphatic dysfunction was associated with cognitive scores (r = 0.54, P = 0.003). Diffusion-tensor imaging along the perivascular space values were positively associated with the volume of specific cortical regions (all P-values &lt;0.05) including the temporal pole, posterior orbital gyrus, orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, frontal operculum, central operculum and anterior cingulate gyrus. Mediation analysis within the Parkinson’s disease participants indicated that the relationship between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive scores was partially mediated by the integrity of orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Glymphatic dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease, whereas the distribution of regional cortical degeneration may constitute the link between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.
Innate liking and disgust reactions elicited by intraoral capsaicin in male mice
Authors: Han Yibin , Tanaka Daisuke H , Uesaka Naofumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Liking and disgust are the primary positive and negative emotions, respectively, and are crucial for nutrient intake and toxin avoidance. These emotions are induced by multimodal stimuli such as taste, olfactory, and somatosensory inputs, and their dysregulation is evident in various psychiatric disorders. To understand the biological basis of liking and disgust, it is crucial to establish an animal model that allows for quantitative estimation of liking and disgust in response to multimodal stimuli. The only readout shared by many species, including humans, for liking and disgust, has been taste reactivity. However, readouts of non-taste stimuli-induced emotions remain unestablished. Here, we show that intraoral administration of capsaicin, a chemosomatosensory stimulus, elicits orofacial and bodily reactions in male mice similar to those observed in taste reactivity. Capsaicin induced liking reactions at low concentrations and disgust reactions at high concentrations. Capsaicin-induced disgust reactions consisted of various reactions, including gape and forelimb flail, with the proportion of each reaction among the disgust reactions being similar to that induced by bitter and sour stimuli. These findings indicate that orofacial and bodily reactions, defined as taste reactivity, are elicited not only by taste stimuli, but also by intraoral chemosomatosensory stimuli. Understanding the biological basis of capsaicin-induced orofacial and bodily reactions will advance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying liking and disgust across sensory modalities.
Optimal extent of left recurrent laryngeal nerve para-lymph node dissection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis based on cytokeratin 19 immunopositivity for micrometastasis detection
Authors: Zheng Bin , Huang Guanglei , Zeng Taidui , Zhang Shuliang , Chen Chun 
Published: February 2025

Summary
No consensus has been achieved for the optimal extent of left recurrent laryngeal nerve para-lymph node dissection (LRLN-LND) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Surgeons follow different extents according to their experience, technical proficiency, and habits. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis is a feasible method to detect micrometastasis (MM) of lymph nodes in ESCC. We hereby explored the optimal extent of LRLN-LND by detecting the routine pathological and MM-positive rates of lymph nodes in different regions. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent R0 resection and LRLN-LND between September 2018 and July 2019. We divided lymph nodes into four groups based on the LRLN and cervicothoracic junction plane: (i) anterior LRLN region above the plane, (ii) posterior LRLN region above the plane, (iii) anterior LRLN region under the plane, and (iv) posterior LRLN region the plane. In total, 263 lymph nodes were collected from 52 patients. We detected MM based on cytokeratin 19 (CK19) immunopositivity in lymph nodes with negative histological detection. We calculated the positive rates of routine pathological and MM detection and analyzed the metastasis status in different regions. Lymph nodes of cervical regions (group 1 and group 2), which are always ignored due to inherent technical difficulties and poor exposure, showed higher positive rates than those in group 4; the rate in group 3 was also higher than that in group 4. Routine histological detection achieved positive rates of 8.9, 6.7, 1.6, and 0.9%, respectively. After the detection of MM by the CK19 IHC method, increased positive rates were achieved. To the best of our knowledge, only a few studies have focused on the optimal extent of LRLN-LND. Because of the high positive rates both in routine pathological detection and by CK19 IHC MM detection in this study, thorough LRLN-LND during esophagectomy for ESCC is necessary, including the cervical region and anterior nerve region adjacent to the trachea.
Impact of a hearing intervention on the levels of leisure-time physical activity and T.V. viewing in older adults: results from a secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE trial
Authors: Martinez-Amezcua Pablo , Zhang Wuyang , Assi Sahar , Gupta Heramb , Twardzik Erica , Huang Alison R , Reed Nicholas S , Deal Jennifer A , Arnold Michelle L , Burgard Sheila , Chisolm Theresa , Couper David , Glynn Nancy W , Gmelin Theresa , Goman Adele M , Gravens-Mueller Lisa , Hayden Kathleen M , Mitchell Christine M , Pankow James S , Pike James Russell , Schrack Jennifer A , Sanchez Victoria A , Sullivan Kevin J , Lin Frank R , Coresh Josef ,   ACHIEVE Collaborative Research Group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Age-related hearing loss is common among older adults and may influence physical activity and sedentary behaviors, such as TV viewing. This study examined whether a hearing intervention could affect these behaviors over three years.

Methods
977 participants (mean age of 76.8, 53.5% female, 11.5% Black), recruited from the ARIC study (n=238) and de novo (n=739) with hearing loss (pure-tone average=39.4 dB), were randomized to a hearing intervention or a health education control group. Physical activity, leisurely walking, and TV viewing were interrogated at baseline and three-year follow-up. We used regression models adjusted for demographic and hearing loss severity to examine the impact of the intervention on the change in the frequency of engaging in these activities.

Results
At baseline, 57.6% of participants engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), 29.1% in high-frequency leisurely walking, and 46.8% in high-frequency TV viewing. Over three years, MVPA decreased to 48.8%, while leisurely walking and TV viewing increased. After three years, the hearing intervention group had similar odds of engaging in MVPA (ratio of odds ratios [ROR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 1.14), leisurely walking (ROR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.17), and TV viewing (ROR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.02) compared to the control group. Results were consistent across recruitment sources (ARIC and de novo).

Conclusion
A hearing intervention did not significantly influence physical activity, walking, or TV viewing behaviors in older adults over three years. Additional strategies may be needed to change physical and sedentary behaviors in this population.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Community Belonging and its Impact on Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Authors: Nemeth Samuel R , Thomas Patricia A , Stoddart Cassidy M , Ferraro Kenneth F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study adds to the literature on the relationship between social relationships and cognitive function by using social integration theory to examine whether a sense of community belonging at different ages is related to cognitive function in later life. We also examine whether the relationship between community belonging, and cognitive function is distinct among White, Black, and Hispanic older adults.

Methods
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study including the 2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 3,307), we use parallel measures of community belonging across three periods in the life course. We estimated relationships using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and lagged dependent variable models.

Results
Respondents who experienced greater community belonging at age 10 and during later life (i.e., age in 2016) had higher levels of cognitive function in 2018 than those who reported feeling less belonging with their community at those ages (b=0.191, p&lt;0.001; b=0.093, p&lt;0.05, respectively). The main effects of community belonging at any age were not related to change in cognitive function from 2016 to 2018; however, there were significant interaction effects between community belonging at age 10 on cognitive function in 2018 and from 2016 to 2018 (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01, respectively) with the beneficial effects of community belonging at age 10 being stronger for Black older adults compared to White older adults.

Discussion
These findings highlight the importance of early and later life community belonging for the cognitive functioning of older adults, and particularly for Black older adults’ cognitive function.
Social care costs of depressive symptoms in the English older population: The role of housing quality improvements
Authors: Hu Bo , Brimblecombe Nicola , Cartagena-Farias Javiera 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Poor housing conditions pose a substantial threat to older people’s mental health and create inequalities in social care needs. However, their economic consequences for the social care sector have not been thoroughly investigated. This study projects the costs of social care for community-dwelling older people with depressive symptoms under different housing intervention scenarios in England.

Research Design and Methods
Drawing on data collected from 10601 individuals (33,461 observations across four waves) participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we combined a Markov model with a Macrosimulation model to make projections of social care costs. Multinomial logistic regression and linear regression analyses were conducted to derive the parameters for the two simulation models.

Results
We estimate that the costs of unpaid care for older people with depressive symptoms will rise from £33.6 billion in 2022 to £59.9 billion in 2042, and the costs of formal home care will rise from £4.2 billion in 2022 to £8.1 billion in 2042 in the base case scenario of no interventions to improve housing quality. In a scenario where the number of housing problems is reduced to zero, the costs of unpaid care and formal home care in 2042 are projected to rise to be £3.5 billion lower and £0.3 billion lower, respectively, than the no intervention scenario.

Discussion and Implications
Housing improvements reduce social care demand in the older population by delaying and reversing the progression of depressive symptoms, which has the dual benefits of elevating personal well-being and generating long-term cost savings in the social care sector.
“I Haven’t Grieved Yet…”: The Experiences of Older Homeless Persons Living in Long-Term Transitional Housing
Authors: Cormier Émilie , Sussman Tamara , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie , Serrano Diandra , Gauthier Michel , Mahmood Atiya , Walsh Christine A , Canham Sarah L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older homeless persons can experience relief when accessing housing. However, becoming housed can also elicit the (re)emergence of loss and grief. Building on the notion of disenfranchised grief, this study sought to better understand how grief works together with relief to shape older persons’ experiences living in long-term transitional housing.

Research Design and Methods
Eleven older persons with experience of homelessness participated in up to three photovoice interviews in Montreal, Canada. Informed by the principles of interpretative phenomenology, their accounts and photos were analyzed to capture the nuances and depth of their lived experiences.

Results
Analysis showed that relocation to long-term transitional housing allows for the re-emergence of grief associated with past losses, while also provoking new forms of grief related to housing conditions and anticipated losses. Analysis further revealed that a failure to recognize these losses, alongside a lack of resources to support the grieving process, can result in an accumulation of losses that widens the gap between older homeless persons’ experiences and the world around them.

Discussion and Implications
If left unattended, grief and loss can threaten older homeless persons’ reaffiliation when relocating to transitional housing. Adopting a humanistic-existential grief perspective could go a long way in supporting the development of housing policies, programs and practices that nurture the time and space required to attend to grief and truly address precarity in the final stages of life.
Strengthening Connections Between the Aging and Disability Networks: Perspectives from the Field
Authors: Wilson Traci L , Blair Beth , Biggar Virginia , Stone-Walls Deborah , Markwood Sandy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aging and disability networks in the United States provide services and supports enabling millions of older adults, people with disabilities, and caregivers to live in the community settings of their choice. With increasing numbers of people with disabilities aging into older adulthood and older adults aging into disability, community living requires seamless and equitable access to services and supports across the aging and disability networks and the life course. This Forum article provides a brief overview of the aging and disability networks and describes successful national initiatives bridging aging and disability organizations such as USAging’s Aging and Disability Vaccination Collaborative and the National Aging and Disability Transportation Center. State and local trends in disability and aging collaborations are described, including the growth of community care hubs that bring aging and disability organizations together in social care networks to serve these populations. This article will help researchers better understand the current initiatives connecting aging and disability organizations and identify opportunities for further research.
Facilitating Informal Support Among Older People Through Community-Based Initiatives: Identifying Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Xia Wenran , Buljac-Samardžić Martina , Huijsman Robbert , Smelik Jan , van Wijngaarden Jeroen D H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In the context of accelerated global aging and increasing insufficiencies in long-term care delivery, older people are encouraged to provide informal support to each other within their communities. However, the mechanisms facilitating such informal support among older people remain unclear. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the perspectives and experiences of various stakeholders involved in initiatives aimed at stimulating informal support in the community.

Research Design and Methods
A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted in five Dutch initiatives stimulating informal support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 23 different stakeholders and relevant documents were analyzed. An abductive thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis.

Results
Our analysis shows that community-based initiatives stimulate mutual support among older people by providing a coherent set of activities and facilities that indirectly, through community building, and directly influence individual behavior. On the community level, initiatives strengthen social cohesion, in terms of for example shared values and feelings of belonging. On the individual level initiatives create opportunities to provide support, help individuals to recognise and strengthen their abilities to give support and stimulate individual motivation.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings underscore the need for policies that support informal care through complementary processes, which work in tandem with formal care systems. Policies and practices taking the identified mechanisms into account are likely to stimulate older people to provide informal support to each other in the community, thus enhancing aging in place.
A Phenomenological Understanding of Aging ‘Well’ with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Richardson Emma V , Motl Robert W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As the life expectancy of the multiple sclerosis (MS) community increases, new innovations and understandings of what it is to age ‘well’ are needed. Building on a line of work exploring the meaning and experiences of aging with a disabling condition, and showing how and why people aging with MS experience this phenomenon differently, this paper progresses aging and disability literature by (re)conceptualizing what ‘wellbeing’ means to people aging with MS, and how wellbeing may be enhanced or compromised.

Research Design and Methods
Working with 40 persons with MS over the age of 60, we used a Heideggerian phenomenological framework to co-construct what wellbeing meant among persons aging with MS.

Results
Emphasizing the importance of the ‘everdayness’ of wellbeing experiences, persons aging with MS discussed how wellbeing was related to ‘doing, being, and becoming; the ability to do the things they wanted to do, be the person they wanted to be, and the autonomy, opportunity, and ability to do something, or become someone, different’. The ability to be, do or become was, however, dependent on, ‘the power of people’, ‘sociocultural privilege’ and ‘writing one’s own health narrative’.

Discussion and Implications
These findings, that are contextualized within the socio-cultural boundaries of participants’ situations, can help support persons with MS, families and friends, caregivers, health care professionals and interventionists that are working towards enhancing quality of life among persons aging with MS.
“What does gerotranscendence mean to you?” Older adults’ lay perspectives on the theory
Authors: Abreu Taiane , Araújo Lia , Teixeira Laetitia , Ribeiro Oscar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Gerotranscendence, a recent adaptive aging theory developed by Tornstam, postulates a mindset shift in old age from a materialistic viewpoint to a more transcendent one. Gerotranscendence is considered a promising aging model, as it approaches specific developmental challenges in late life. However, knowledge of this theory is still maturing and lacks laypersons’ perspectives to further validate its components. This study aimed to explore how older adults perceive gerotranscendence and gain insights of their understanding.

Research Design and Methods
Three focus group discussions were conducted with 18 participants (59–98 years old; mean: 79.5 years). The protocol included open-ended questions on what gerotranscendence, and its dimensions meant (based exclusively on their designations), as well as on the theory’s components (after further explanation). The discussions were recorded and transcribed, and a content analysis was performed.

Results
The data were organized into two themes: general suppositions and personal perceptions. This second theme was divided into (i) relatable thoughts and experiences and (ii) a different and complementary understanding of the theory.

Discussion and Implications
Despite the lack of knowledge of the meaning of gerotranscendence, older persons presented clear evidence that this topic was meaningful for them and that they experienced aspects of the cosmic, coherence, and solitude dimensions of gerotranscendence. However, in specific points, some participants had distinctive and complementary ideas compared with those espoused by gerotranscendence theory. Obtaining laypersons’ perspectives provides a more in-depth understanding of gerotranscendence theory and the cultural aspects it may encompass.
Artifacts Removal from Multi-mode Dispersion Image: New Imaging Conditions of Beamforming and Random Array
Authors: Qin Tongwei , Lu Laiyu 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Beamforming (BF) has been demonstrated to extract multi-mode surface wave dispersion curves from ambient seismic noise. However, due to the limited sampling of the array and the complex distribution of the noise sources, the dispersion image generated by the array-based technique is usually contaminated by aliasing or artifacts. According to seismic interferometry (SI) theory, the Green's function (GF) in the time domain can be retrieved using the noise cross-correlation function (NCF). The Fourier transform of NCFs, i.e. the spatial coherence function, is related to the imaginary part of the frequency domain GF. For the vertical component of the surface wave, it corresponds to the zero-order Bessel function of the first kind, i.e. the standing wave containing propagating waves in two directions described by positive and negative vector wavenumber. In array techniques based on wavefield transforms, it is common to adopt the propagating wave instead of the standing wave to eliminate the aliasing associated with the negative wavenumber, i.e. to replace the Bessel function using the Hankel function or to construct a complete GF via the Hilbert transform. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the characteristics of three types of aliasing, i.e. the aliasing associated with the period extension of the positive wavenumber, the aliasing associated with the negative wavenumber and those associated with the constant wavenumber. The theoretical representations of different imaging conditions are derived for the finite sampling of the wavefield. A new BF imaging condition is then proposed to remove the crossed artifacts, a type of aliasing associated with the negative wavenumber. The new imaging condition relies only on the computed NCFs and does not require reconstruction of the complete GF via the Hilbert transform. The advantage of random sampling in removing artifacts is illustrated. A random array design scheme is suggested by investigating the array performance of the random array and the array designed using tiles of the Hat family newly discovered in the field of monotile aperiodic tiling. We show the artifacts associated with the constant wavenumber, which are usually manifested as a straight line in the dispersion image of the frequency-velocity domain, also known as radial artifacts, can be eliminated by windowing the NCFs.