bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving general practitioners’ referral details of antidepressant use for patients referred for depression to primary mental health care: re-audit
Authors: Towobola A. , Cunningham E. , Cotter P. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThis audit cycle looked at details of antidepressants given in general practitioners’ (GPs) referral letters to Primary Mental Health Care (PMHC). With adequate information when patients are referred, time spent in clarifying details could be put into better use by clinicians and prompt effective treatment would help to reduce the direct and indirect costs of depression.ObjectiveTo evaluate how effective our intervention was 7 months after a previous audit and identify areas that need improvement.MethodAudit of 33 referral letters of patients referred for depression from GPs to a PMHC service in Northern Ireland, followed by the intervention (feedback and pro forma) and re-audit after 7 months.ResultsThe April audit showed 100% documentation of current antidepressant treatment and dose, but showed poor documentation of previous antidepressant use (33%), dose or duration (15%) and the reason for stopping the treatment (3%). Following intervention, the re-audit showed 25% and 24% rise in documenting previous antidepressant used and maximum dose reached, respectively, and 20% rise in documenting the reason for stopping.ConclusionsOur interventions made modest improvement in providing relevant data in referral letters. This study adds to the existing evidence that relying mainly on feedback as a method of implementing change is ineffective. Lack of enthusiasm for using the newly introduced pro forma suggests that mental health services should obtain more effective ways of engaging GPs in service development. Using a systematic approach, which includes identifying local barriers to change and providing a supportive environment are important before the next re-audit.
Experimental study of bedforms obtained with floating particles in a pipe flow
Authors: Edelin D. , Josset C. , Castelain C. , Fayolle F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe investigate experimentally the formation of bedforms caused by the sustained flow of water and solid particles in a circular pipe ($\varnothing =30~\text{mm}$). The special feature of the tests carried out was the use of floating particles ($d=756~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$, ${\it\rho}_{s}=907~\text{kg}~\text{m}^{-3}$) whereas bedforms are usually studied with sedimental materials. A closed loop was used, so that the solid flux could be maintained for an infinite time. The finite size of the tube led to the saturation of the growth of the vortex ripples produced. For the set of parameters studied, the threshold of motion was obtained within a range of laminar to low turbulent flow. The saturated state was studied to characterise it for different flow rates and solid loads. The frequency, wavelength and propagating velocity of ripples were determined using different methodologies based on image analysis and pressure analysis. The frequency and propagating velocity show a clear linear dependence on the initial Shields number, while the wavelength seems to be constant in our experiments.
NO REVERSAL OF FORTUNE IN THE LONG RUN: GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL PERSISTENCE OF PROSPERITY IN COLOMBIA, 1500-2005
Authors: Meisel Adolfo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the non-reversal of fortune thesis proposed by Acemoglu et al. (2002) in the light of the Colombian experience over the last 500 years. Using a total of fourteen national population censuses and the record of tributary Indians in 1559, it is found that the population density of Colombian regions presented a high degree of persistence through time. Thus, the evidence indicates that those places that were prosperous circa 1500 remain so today, and vice versa. These results indicate that the long-run influences of geography on regional economic disparities within a country are not negligible.
CAMBIOS EN LA ESTRUCTURA DE LAS RENTAS PÚBLICAS DE YUCATÁN, 1850-1902
Authors: Campos García Melchor 
Published: January 2015

RESUMENEl artículo analiza los cambios en la estructura tributaria de Yucatán, México, durante la transición del régimen colonial a la fiscalidad liberal, de 1850 a 1902. Caracteriza sus etapas en función de la composición y el protagonismo alternativo de los impuestos directos y los impuestos indirectos en las rentas públicas. Durante los profundos cambios en la estructura económica, la tributación indirecta al consumo y los impuestos directos sobre los sectores secundario y terciario protegieron el crecimiento del sector productivo del henequén (1869-1882). Finalmente, el impuesto sobre el henequén no sustituyó a los ingresos indirectos. La modernización fiscal (1896-1902) equilibró la tributación directa de producto con los aplicados a sectores más urbanos, el secundario y las ventas del sector mercantil.
THE RAILWAY NETWORK AND THE PROCESS OF POPULATION CONCENTRATION IN SPAIN, 1900-2001
Authors: Franch-Auladell Xavier , Morillas-Torné Mateu , Martí-Henneberg Jordi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a methodology for quantifying the territorial impact on population distribution of the railway. The central hypothesis is that access to railway services provides the best-connected areas with a long-term comparative advantage over others that are less accessible. Carrying out a historical analysis and providing comparable data at the municipal level allows us to determine the extent to which the railway has fostered the concentration of population within its immediate surroundings. The case study presented here is that of Spain between 1900 and 2001, but the same methodology could equally be applied to any other country for which the required data are available. In this case, key data included a Geographic Information System with information about both the development of the railway network and census data relating to total population at the municipal level. The results obtained suggest the relevance of this methodology, which makes it possible to identify the periods and areas in which this influence was most significant.
Subsidizing Tibet: An Interprovincial Comparison of Western China up to the End of the Hu–Wen Administration
Authors: Fischer Andrew M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study estimates the extent of subsidization in the ten provinces of western China from 1990 to 2012 with the aim of highlighting the exceptionality of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) leading up to and following the widespread Tibetan protests that swept through four Chinese provinces in 2008. Although the Tibet development model was criticized by many Chinese economists in the 1980s and 1990s for being highly subsidy-dependent and inefficient, these aspects of dependence and inefficiency were exacerbated even further under the Hu–Wen administration, particularly following the 2008 protests. While subsidies and investment also increased in other western provinces, the exceptionality of the TAR stands out in terms of the levels of subsidization attained, the sheer disassociation of these subsidies from changes in the local productive economy, and the degree to which ownership in the local economy has come to be dominated by external interests. The recent phase of intensive subsidization has thereby exacerbated the dependence of local Tibetan livelihoods on these state strategies, while at the same time intensified the state-led economic integration of the region into the rest of China through externalized patterns of ownership and consolidated state control. Arguments that the resultant inefficiencies and social tensions are owing to a marketization of social relations or to cultural insensitivity and lack of adaptation to local circumstances de-emphasize the central role of the state in shaping the deeply structural character of these transformations.
Tuberculosis-related stigma leading to an incomplete contact investigation in a low-incidence country
Authors: FACCINI M. , CANTONI S. , CICONALI G. , FILIPPONI M. T. , MAINARDI G. , MARINO A. F. , SENATORE S. , CODECASA L. R. , FERRARESE M. , GESU G. , MAZZOLA E. , FILIA A. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYA contact investigation following a case of infectious tuberculosis (TB) reported in a call centre in Milan (Italy) led to the identification of three additional cases that had occurred in employees of the same workplace during the previous 5 years, one of whom was the probable source case. Thirty-three latent infections were also identified. At the time of diagnosis, the source case, because of fear of stigma related to TB, claimed to be unemployed and a contact investigation was not performed in the workplace. Cases were linked through genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB stigma has been described frequently, mainly in high-incidence settings, and is known to influence health-seeking behaviours and treatment adherence. The findings in this report highlight that TB-associated stigma may also lead to incomplete contact investigations. Little is known about the causes and impact of TB-related stigma in low-incidence countries and this warrants further exploration. Research is also needed to evaluate the effectiveness of specific interviewing techniques and training interventions for staff in reducing feelings of stigma in TB patients. Finally, the outbreak emphasizes the importance of integrating routine contact investigations with genotyping.
Partial Shadows of Set Systems
Authors: BOLLOBÁS BÉLA , ECCLES TOM 
Published: January 2015

Theshadowof a system of sets is all sets which can be obtained by taking a set in the original system, and removing a single element. The Kruskal-Katona theorem tells us the minimum possible size of the shadow of$\mathcal A$, if$\mathcal A$consists ofm r-element sets.In this paper, we ask questions and make conjectures about the minimum possible size of apartial shadowfor$\mathcal A$, which contains most sets in the shadow of$\mathcal A$. For example, if$\mathcal B$is a family of sets containing all but one set in the shadow of each set of$\mathcal A$, how large must$\mathcal B$be?
Radiofrequency energy ablation in a child with an implanted vagus nerve stimulator
Authors: Radolec Mackenzy M. , Beerman Lee B. , Arora Gaurav 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn 8-year-old girl with supraventricular tachycardia and an implanted vagus nerve stimulator underwent radiofrequency ablation of her supraventricular tachycardia substrate. No known literature exists addressing the potential interaction of these two technologies, although there are reported cases of interaction between radiofrequency and other implanted stimulating devices such as pacemakers. The procedure was performed successfully without observed interaction, and the patient’s family reported no significant change in frequency of seizure control.
Unlikely Friends of the Authoritarian and Atheist Ruler: Religious Groups and Collective Contention in Rural China
Authors: Tao Yu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines the roles played by rural religious groups in China's local contentious politics. More specifically, it aims to explore whether religious groups stimulate or reduce collective contention when the ruler is both authoritarian and atheist. Drawing on national survey data and comparative case studies, this article finds that collective contention is less likely to occur in villages with religious groups that simultaneously overlap with secular social organizations and local authorities, and are hence more likely to serve as credible communication channels between local states and discontented citizens. This finding highlights two important issues that are often side-lined, if not outright neglected, in the existing literature. First, the relationship between religious groups and collective contention is diverse rather than uniform. Second, this relationship is shaped not only by religious groups but also by other important players in the local political arena.
Recent radiation in a marine and freshwater dinoflagellate species flock
Authors: Annenkova Nataliia V , Hansen Gert , Moestrup Øjvind , Rengefors Karin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Processes of rapid radiation among unicellular eukaryotes are much less studied than among multicellular organisms. We have investigated a lineage of cold-water microeukaryotes (protists) that appear to have diverged recently. This lineage stands in stark contrast to known examples of phylogenetically closely related protists, in which genetic difference is typically larger than morphological differences. We found that the group not only consists of the marine-brackish dinoflagellate species Scrippsiella hangoei and the freshwater species Peridinium aciculiferum as discovered previously but also of a whole species flock. The additional species include Peridinium euryceps and Peridinium baicalense, which are restricted to a few lakes, in particular to the ancient Lake Baikal, Russia, and freshwater S. hangoei from Lake Baikal. These species are characterized by relatively large conspicuous morphological differences, which have given rise to the different species descriptions. However, our scanning electron microscopic studies indicate that they belong to a single genus according to traditional morphological characterization of dinoflagellates (thecal plate patterns). Moreover, we found that they have identical SSU (small subunit) rDNA fragments and distinct but very small differences in the DNA markers LSU (large subunit) rDNA, ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) and COB (cytochrome b) gene, which are used to delineate dinoflagellates species. As some of the species co-occur, and all four have small but species–specific sequence differences, we suggest that these taxa are not a case of phenotypic plasticity but originated via recent adaptive radiation. We propose that this is the first clear example among free-living microeukaryotes of recent rapid diversification into several species followed by dispersion to environments with different ecological conditions.
A vlincRNA participates in senescence maintenance by relieving H2AZ-mediated repression at the INK4 locus
Authors: Lazorthes Sandra , Vallot Céline , Briois Sébastien , Aguirrebengoa Marion , Thuret Jean-Yves , Laurent Georges St. , Rougeulle Claire , Kapranov Philipp , Mann Carl , Trouche Didier , Nicolas Estelle 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play major roles in proper chromatin organization and function. Senescence, a strong anti-proliferative process and a major anticancer barrier, is associated with dramatic chromatin reorganization in heterochromatin foci. Here we analyze strand-specific transcriptome changes during oncogene-induced human senescence. Strikingly, while differentially expressed RNAs are mostly repressed during senescence, ncRNAs belonging to the recently described vlincRNA (very long intergenic ncRNA) class are mainly activated. We show that VAD, a novel antisense vlincRNA strongly induced during senescence, is required for the maintenance of senescence features. VAD modulates chromatin structure in cis and activates gene expression in trans at the INK4 locus, which encodes cell cycle inhibitors important for senescence-associated cell proliferation arrest. Importantly, VAD inhibits the incorporation of the repressive histone variant H2A.Z at INK4 gene promoters in senescent cells. Our data underline the importance of vlincRNAs as sensors of cellular environment changes and as mediators of the correct transcriptional response.
Cancer systems biology of TCGA SKCM: Efficient detection of genomic drivers in melanoma
Authors: Guan Jian , Gupta Rohit , Filipp Fabian V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe characterized the mutational landscape of human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We analyzed next-generation sequencing data of somatic copy number alterations and somatic mutations in 303 metastatic melanomas. We were able to confirm preeminent drivers of melanoma as well as identify new melanoma genes. The TCGA SKCM study confirmed a dominance of somatic BRAF mutations in 50% of patients. The mutational burden of melanoma patients is an order of magnitude higher than of other TCGA cohorts. A multi-step filter enriched somatic mutations while accounting for recurrence, conservation and basal rate. Thus, this filter can serve as a paradigm for analysis of genome-wide next-generation sequencing data of large cohorts with a high mutational burden. Analysis of TCGA melanoma data using such a multi-step filter discovered novel and statistically significant potential melanoma driver genes. In the context of the Pan-Cancer study we report a detailed analysis of the mutational landscape of BRAF and other drivers across cancer tissues. Integrated analysis of somatic mutations, somatic copy number alterations, low pass copy numbers and gene expression of the melanogenesis pathway shows coordination of proliferative events by Gs-protein and cyclin signaling at a systems level.
Position specific differences in the anthropometric characteristics of elite European Super League rugby players
Authors: Morehen James C. , Routledge Harry E. , Twist Craig , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRugby league is a collision sport which traditionally adopts a large emphasis on lean muscle mass. Currently there is limited research on the anthropometry of European Super League players. The aim of this study was to assess body composition using Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans to identify the typical profile of elite rugby league players. One hundred and twelve players from five different clubs competing in the European Super League were recruited for the study. DXA scans were performed and the total mass, lean mass, fat mass and percentage body fat were reported for each positional group. For the Fullback and Wingers, Centres, Half Backs, Hookers, Props and Back Row Forwards the mean (SD) body fat percentage was 13 (2.1), 13 (2.4), 12 (3.4), 15 (3.9), 16 (4.3) and 15 (2.1)%, respectively, and total mass was 86 (8.2), 91 (6.6), 81 (8), 84 (9.5) 102 (8.5) and 93 (5.5) kg, respectively. Despite small to very large inter positional differences in all anthropometric variables (effect sizes = −0.08 to 2.56), particularly between the Prop and the other playing positions, there was large intra‐position variation in body fat, lean mass and total mass making a standardised position specific profile difficult to establish. When used with other key performance indicators, these data provide the first multi‐team anthropometric profile of elite Super League players that can be used to guide individualised training and nutrition practices for current and aspiring athletes.
drexplorer: A tool to explore dose–response relationships and drug–drug interactions
Authors: Tong Pan , Coombes Kevin R. , Johnson Faye M. , Byers Lauren A. , Diao Lixia , Liu Diane D. , Lee J. Jack , Heymach John V. , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Nonlinear dose–response models are primary tools for estimating the potency [e.g. half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC) known as IC50] of anti-cancer drugs. We present drexplorer software, which enables biologists to evaluate replicate reproducibility, detect outlier data points, fit different models, select the best model, estimate IC values at different percentiles and assess drug–drug interactions. drexplorer serves as a computation engine within the R environment and a graphical interface for users who do not have programming backgrounds.
Availability and implementation: The drexplorer R package is freely available from GitHub at https://github.com/nickytong/drexplorer. A graphical user interface is shipped with the package.
Contact: jingwang@mdanderson.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Purchase, storage, and preparation of eggs and poultry in selected European countries
Authors: Koppel Kadri , Timberg Loreida , Shalimov Roman , Vázquez-Araújo Laura , Carbonell-Barracchina Angel A. , Di Donfrancesco Brizio , Chambers IV Edgar 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Foodborne illnesses are often related to raw and cooked poultry and meat, eggs, and their products. Consumer practices related to these foods have been studied in many countries, however, little comparison has been made among different countries. The purpose of this paper is to characterize consumers’ purchase, storage, handling, and preparation of poultry products and eggs in four European countries: Russia, Estonia, Italy, and Spain.

Design/methodology/approach
– Approximately 100 selected consumers in each location completed a questionnaire that included sections about poultry products and eggs purchase temperatures and locations, storage locations such as refrigerator, freezer, or cabinet, and preparation such as washing eggs and poultry before cooking, and the use of cutting boards.

Findings
– Although educating consumers in European countries is common, some food safety aspects may need to be additionally addressed. The results indicated differences in purchase and storage practices of raw eggs. In Russia and Estonia consumers who participated in the study purchased both refrigerated and room temperature eggs whereas in Italy (84 percent) and Spain (87 percent) eggs typically were purchased at room temperature. However, almost all consumers in all countries stored eggs in the refrigerator. In Russia 70 percent of the consumers who participated in the study immediately froze raw meat, poultry, or seafood after purchase; while in other countries about a quarter of the consumers froze the raw meat.

Research limitations/implications
– This research was limited by the number of respondents in each country that does not allow extrapolation of results.

Originality/value
– Food preparation practices revealed behavior that supports cross-contamination during cooking, such as washing raw poultry and eggs. A uniform approach to food safety practices related research, such as presented in this study, would help define overlapping critical points in consumer behavior and create educational messages based on the information gathered.
Price strategies for sustainable food products
Authors: Ingenbleek Paul T.M. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Sustainable products often suffer a competitive disadvantage compared with mainstream products because they must cover ecological and social costs that their competitors leave to future generations. The purpose of this paper is to identify price strategies for sustainable products that minimize this efficiency disadvantage.Design/methodology/approach– The strategies and their determinants from the pricing environment are derived from an inductive sequential case study of certified food products, such as organic and fair trade products. Data are collected through desk research and interviews.Findings– The results reveal six different strategies that build on three basic mechanisms: cost-based pricing in combination with price fairness, increasing willingness to pay through perceptions of quality and/or price, and price stability in which costs are compensated for by scale and/or learning effects.Research limitations/implications– The framework can help companies that offer sustainable products strengthen their market positions and it can help policy makers that partly rely on markets to achieve sustainability objectives.Originality/value– The existing pricing literature on sustainability predominantly takes a consumer approach. This study breaks new ground by extending this work with a strategic marketing approach offering a choice set of strategies for managers.