bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study Of Probing Done with and without Endoscopic Assistance
Authors: Acharya Ishan , Jethani Jitendra , Jethani Monika 
Published: June 2015

Aims:
The aims of our study were (1) to compare success of probing done blindly and probing done under endoscopic assistance (2) to correlate the findings of blind probing with endoscopic examination findings.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective comparative interventional case study. Total 98 eyes of 84 children were included in the study. The probing was performed under brief inhalational anaesthesia with a laryngeal mask. All probings, secondary and in children older than 24 months, were performed under endoscopic assistance only.

Results:
Total 111 probings were done out of which, ninety-eight (88.29%) were primary and 13 (11.71%) secondary. Seventy-six (68.4%) probings were done without and thirty-five(31.53%) probings were done with nasal endoscopic assistance. Out of 35, 22 (19.81%) probings were primary and 13 (11.71%) secondary. The mean age for probing was 18.2 +/- 12.5 months. Thirty eight (45.23%) were females and 46 (54.77%) were males. Out of 76 primary probings, 13 (17.10%) probings failed. The mean age of failed primary probing was 15.2 +/- 6.7 months. All 22 primary probings done under endoscopic guidance had successful outcome. Out of the total 111 probings, 2 (1.80%) probings failed who underwent endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in the same sitting.

Conclusion:
Use of simultaneous nasal endoscopy during probing increases the success rate, minimizes secondary procedures and isof prognostic value for children with Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).
Modeling photosynthesis in sea ice‐covered waters
Authors: Long Matthew C. , Lindsay Keith , Holland Marika M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe lower trophic levels of marine ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth System mediating fluxes of carbon to the ocean interior. Many of the functional relationships describing biological rate processes, such as primary productivity, in marine ecosystem models are nonlinear functions of environmental state variables. As a result of nonlinearity, rate processes computed from mean fields at coarse resolution will differ from similar computations that incorporate small‐scale heterogeneity. Here we examine how subgrid‐scale variability in sea ice thickness impacts simulated net primary productivity (NPP) in a
configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). CESM simulates a subgrid‐scale ice thickness distribution and computes shortwave penetration independently for each ice thickness category. However, the default model formulation uses grid‐cell mean irradiance to compute NPP. We demonstrate that accounting for subgrid‐scale shortwave heterogeneity by computing light limitation terms under each ice category then averaging the result is a more accurate invocation of the photosynthesis equations. Moreover, this change delays seasonal bloom onset and increases interannual variability in NPP in the sea ice zone in the model. The new treatment reduces annual production by about 32% in the Arctic and 19% in the Antarctic. Our results highlight the importance of considering heterogeneity in physical fields when integrating nonlinear biogeochemical reactions.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated organic–inorganic hybrid coatings on tinplate
Authors: Fang Yongqin , Wang Di , Jing Xin , Xue Bosong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTFluorinated organic–inorganic hybrid coatings with interpenetrating network for corrosion protection of tinplate were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetraethoxysilane and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, followed by radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate. The highly crosslinked organic network was developed and attached to the inorganic moieties through covalent Si–C bonds. The hybrid coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their anticorrosion performances were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and salt spray test. The results indicated that the fluorinated hybrid coatings exhibited excellent anticorrosion ability by forming a hydrophobic physical barrier between tinplate substrate and its external environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42428.
Disappearance of the filler—An interesting interfacial evolution during the photooxidative aging of polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhao Jiaohong , Liu Xuan , Yang Rui , Yu Jian 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe interface between the matrix and filler in polyolefin composites plays an important role in their photooxidative aging processes. An interesting phenomenon, the gradual disappearance of filler particles was observed during the early natural aging of polypropylene (PP)/CaCO3 composites. Similar phenomena were also observed in a PP/SiO2 composite and PP/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend. The morphological observation and tensile and chemical analyses indicated that the photooxidized groups of the PP chain interacted strongly with the filler particles; this increased the tensile strength during the early aging stage. The PP matrix was entangled in the filler particles. Therefore, the filler particles were embedded in the matrix, and the fracture occurred in the PP matrix instead of at the interface between them. On the basis of these results, a “disappearing” filler mechanism for the PP composites was proposed. This work provides a possible way for improving the mechanical properties of PP composites with appropriate aging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42546.
A double‐tailed acrylamide hydrophobically associating polymer: Synthesis, characterization, and solution properties
Authors: Jiang Feng , Pu Wanfen , Li Yibo , Du Daijun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the salt resistant, temperature tolerance, and stability of the acrylamide‐based copolymer, the double‐tailed hydrophobically associating copolymer (DTHAP) was synthesized. The chemical and spatial network structures of the copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The salt, temperature, aging resistance, and rheological behavior of the copolymer were investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that the performance of DTHAP were influenced by the amount of AA, PETMAM, SDS, and NaCl in the reaction system. Compared with HPAM, DTHAP solution showed excellent temperature resistance and salt tolerance. No matter in the solution varying NaCl or CaCl2 concentration from 8 to 80 and 1 to 1.8 g/L, respectively, DTHAP behaved an obvious salt‐thickening phenomenon. The simulative tertiary oil recovery tests at 80°C indicated that DTHAP can remarkably enhance 16.9% of the oil recovery ratio. Even at 100 g/L salt solution, DTHAP exhibited an excellent performance which can also enhance 9.9% of oil recovery ratio. The experiment results indicated that DTHAP was superior to HPAM as a kind of oil displacement agent for enhanced oil recovery, especially in high‐temperature and high‐mineralization oil fields. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42569.
Dual drug release from CO2‐infused nanofibers via hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
Authors: Geiger Brett C. , Nelson Mark Tyler , Munj Hrishikesh R. , Tomasko David L. , Lannutti John J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effects of hydrophobic–hydrophilic interactions on dual drug release from CO2‐infused nanofibers scaffolds (PCL, PCL–gelatin, and PCL “core” PCL–gelatin “shell”) using BODIPY 493/503 and Rhodamine B fluorescent dyes as drug models. Favorable dye–scaffold interactions increased total dye loading and promoted steady, more linear release. Unfavorable dye–scaffold interactions reduced overall loading and led to a greater burst release of dye. However, when CO2 was used to infuse dye into an unfavorable scaffold, the changes in loading and release were less pronounced. When two dyes were infused, these behaviors were accentuated due to interactions between the dissolved forms of the dyes. Core–shell composite nanofibers displayed radically different release properties versus pure PCL–gelatin fibers when treated with dyes via CO2 infusion. Dye release from core–shell scaffolds was highly sensitive to both interactions with scaffolds and the phase of CO2 used to infuse the compounds of interest. By using different phases of CO2 to partition dyes into hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections of core–shell nanofibers, such interactions can be manipulated to develop a bimodal drug release system with potential application in drug delivery or tissue engineering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42571.
Incorporation of postconsumer polyurethane foam into a polymer/clay aerogel matrix
Authors: Viggiano Rocco P. , Ball Edward E. , Park Ronald E. , Haider Karl W. , Schiraldi David A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of incorporating ground recycled polyurethane (PU) foam into clay/polymer aerogels was demonstrated, and a range of compositions were prepared and characterized to determine the effect of variation in the formulations on density and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. This study followed a modified combinatorial approach. Initially, experiments were performed in water using either sodium exchanged montmorillonite or laponite clay, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) solution as the polymer binder, and the recycled PU foam. Freezing and freeze‐drying the aqueous gels produced aerogels, which were characterized through density and mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The study was expanded by exploring alternative binder chemistries, including the use of an alginate polymer in place of the PVOH or adding a polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent for PVOH. The effect of recycled PU foam content, clay type and level, and binder type and level on the mechanical properties of the aerogels were determined and will be discussed herein. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42586.
Printing of reactive silicones for surface modification of textile material
Authors: Turalija Marina , Bechtold Thomas 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTFor outdoor sports, waterproof breathable materials are widely used to provide protection from environmental factors like rain and wind. The most important techniques to achieve excellent performance use perfluorinated organic substances, which must be replaced in the near future due to health concerns and their environmental persistency. Printing of textile materials with reactive silicone pastes could be an alternative to introduce water repellency without fluorocarbon finishing. In this work, production of barrier textiles through one‐step silicon printing was studied, using a two‐component paste with long pot life and a thermal fixation step. Three different knitted fabrics made from micromodal, polyamide/elastin, and cotton/polyester were used as substrates for the printing. The achieved hydrophobic modification of the fabric was analyzed by determination of water shedding angle, water resistance, water retention values, moisture content, air permeability, tensile properties, and infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate several areas of technical application for the modified fabric, such as barrier textiles with permeability control, localized modification of mechanical properties of fabric and garment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42594.
Brief Report: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug–Sparing Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Early Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From the DESIR Cohort
Authors: Moltó Anna , Granger Benjamin , Wendling Daniel , Breban Maxime , Dougados Maxime , Gossec Laure 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) intake in a cohort of patients with early axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) over the first 2 years of followup.MethodsThe Devenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes (DESIR) cohort is a prospective, multicenter, observational study cohort of patients with early inflammatory back pain. The management and treatment of these patients were decided by their treating rheumatologists. Data regarding NSAID intake (yes/no) and the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society NSAID score were collected at each visit over 2 years of followup. Patients receiving a TNF inhibitor were matched with those receiving usual care, based on a propensity score. The NSAID‐sparing effect of TNF inhibitors was estimated by comparing the percentage of patients reaching several end points (e.g., a decrease in the NSAID score to <10 over 2 years) and by modeling NSAID intake using mixed models.ResultsAmong the 627 patients who were followed up, 181 (28.9%) received a TNF inhibitor, and these patients were matched to 181 patients who received usual care. The baseline characteristics of the patients in the 2 groups were comparable (∼40% of the patients were male, and the mean age was 34 years). Initially, 90.2% of patients receiving TNF inhibitors and 90.0% of those receiving usual care had been treated with NSAIDs during the previous 6 months. The number of patients who received an NSAID decreased over time in both groups, but the decrease was greater in the group receiving TNF inhibitors (P = 0.04). The decrease in the median NSAID score was significantly greater in the TNF inhibitor group (54.9 versus 41.9), and the percentage of patients in whom the NSAID score decreased by >50% or to <10 or in whom NSAID treatment was discontinued was greater in the TNF inhibitor group (67.6% versus 46.2%).ConclusionTreatment with TNF inhibitors was associated with a decrease in the proportion of patients taking NSAIDs and with a rapid and sustained decrease in NSAID intake. This study is the first to confirm the NSAID‐sparing effect of TNF inhibitors in patients with early axial SpA in a real‐life clinical setting.
Determining Pathways to Improvements in Fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Druce Katie L. , Jones Gareth T. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Basu Neil 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThere is debate as to the role of inflammatory disease activity in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–related fatigue. We undertook this study to determine the relationship of fatigue to disease activity by examining pathways associated with change in fatigue in subjects starting anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy for the first time.MethodsParticipants who had been recruited to the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA provided information on fatigue (Short Form 36 [SF‐36] vitality scale) and other health status variables at the start of anti‐TNF therapy and 6 months later. The Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]/C‐reactive protein [CRP] level) were also reported. A path analysis model comprising changes in fatigue, pain, disease activity, disability, and mental health, along with effects of sex and a history of depression, was used to examine those with high levels of fatigue at baseline (score of ≤12.5 units on the SF‐36 vitality scale). The DAS28 was substituted for ESR/CRP to delineate the specific role of inflammation.ResultsWith a total of 2,652 participants, we identified a well‐fitting model (χ2 = 0.18, P = 0.98) accounting for 40% of the variance in fatigue change. There was no direct pathway from change in inflammation to change in fatigue; instead, significant pathways to change in fatigue were observed from changes in disease activity, pain, mental health, and disability, along with effects of sex and a history of depression. A total of 82% of the effect of change in disease activity was indirect, of which ∼50% was mediated through a change in pain.ConclusionImprovements in fatigue do not appear to be driven by inflammatory disease activity; instead, they appear to result indirectly from improvements in pain. Additional significant pathways through disability and mental health suggest potentially modifiable factors that could be targeted to improve clinically important levels of fatigue.
Understanding central carbon metabolism of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells based on analysis of key enzymatic activities in GS‐CHO cell lines
Authors: Zou Wu , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway [PPP], and the tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle) plays an essential role in the supply of biosynthetic precursors and energy. How the central carbon metabolism changes with the varying growth rates in the in vitro cultivation of rapidly proliferating mammalian cells, such as cancer cells and continuous cell lines for recombinant protein production, remains elusive. Based on relationships between the growth rate and the activity of seven key enzymes from six cell clones, this work reports finding an important metabolic characteristic in rapidly proliferating glutamine synthetase‐Chinese hamster ovary cells. The key enzymatic activity involved in the TCA cycle that is responsible for the supply of energy became elevated as the growth rate exhibited increases, while the activity of key enzymes in metabolic pathways (glycolysis and the PPP), responsible for the supply of biosynthetic precursors, tended to decrease—suggesting that rapidly proliferating cells still depended predominantly on the TCA cycle rather than on aerobic glycolysis for their energetic demands. Meanwhile, the growth‐limiting resource was most likely biosynthetic substrates rather than energy provision. In addition, the multifaceted role of glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (PGI) was confirmed, based on a significant correlation between PGI activity and the percentage of G2/M‐phase cells.
An electrochemical biosensor based on cobalt nanoparticles synthesized in iron storage protein molecules to determine ascorbic acid
Authors: Rafipour Ronak , Kashanian Soheila , Hashemi Sadegh , Shahabadi Nahid , Omidfar Kobra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid (AA) was investigated using a cobalt(III)–ferritin immobilized on a self‐assembled monolayer modified gold electrode in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5). The modified electrode showed excellent electrochemical activity for oxidation of AA. The response to AA on the modified electrode was examined using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The resulting biosensor showed a linear response to AA in a concentration range from 6.25×10−6 to 2.31×10−5 M with sensitivity of 86,437 μAM−1 and detection limit of 4.65 × 10−6 M based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. Electrochemical parameters including the charge transfer coefficient (α) and the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) for AA were found to be 0.52 and 1.054 Sec−1, respectively. It has been shown that, using this modified electrode, AA can be determined with high sensitivity, low detection limit, and high selectivity.
Potassium permanganate–glutaraldehyde chemiluminescence system catalyzed by gold nanoprisms toward selective determination of fluoride
Authors: Abolhasani Jafar , Hassanzadeh Javad , Ghorbani‐Kalhor Ebrahim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) are shown to exert a positive effect on the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of permanganate aldehydes. Interestingly, between various shapes examined, Au nanoprisms have the highest beneficial effect. This effect is even more notable in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. UV‐vis spectra and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the NP shapes and sizes. Furthermore, it was observed that iron(III) ions can slightly increase CL emission of this system. This intensification is very effective in the presence of fluoride ions (F–). These observations form the basis of the method for the high sensitive determination of F– in the 6–1200 nmol L–1 concentration range, with a detection limit of 2.1 nmol L–1. The proposed method has good precision and was satisfactorily used in the selective determination of low concentrations of fluoride ion in real samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and thermoluminescence studies of Mn‐doped ZnS nanoparticles
Authors: Chandrakar Raju Kumar , Baghel R. N. , Chandra B. P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZnS:Mn nanoparticles were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Capping agent (mercaptoethanol) concentrations used were 0 M, 0.005 M, 0.01 M, 0.015 M, 0.025 M, 0.040 M, and 0.060 M, and resulted in nanoparticles sizes of 2.98 nm, 2.9 nm, 2.8 nm, 2.7 nm, 2.61 nm, 2.2 nm and 2.1 nm, respectively. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve was recorded by heating the sample exposed to UV‐radiation, at a fixed heating rate 1°C sec–1. The TL intensity initially increased with temperature, attained a peak value Im for a particular temperature, and then decreased with further increase in temperature. The peak TL intensity increased with decreasing nanoparticle size, whereas the temperature corresponding to the peak TL intensity decreased slightly with reducing nanocrystal size. As a consequence of increase in surface‐to‐volume ratio and increased carrier recombination rates, the TL intensity increased with decreasing nanoparticle size. It was found that, whereas activation energy slightly decreased with decreasing nanoparticle size, the frequency factor decreased significantly with reduction in nanoparticle size. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.