bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute appendicitis in the developing world is a morbid disease
Authors: Kong VY , Sartorius B , Clarke DL 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Acute appendicitis in the developing world has a markedly different disease profile to that in the developed world. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken over a four-year period at a university hospital in South Africa to review the disease spectrum and the clinical outcome of acute appendicitis. Results A total of 1,004 patients (54% male, median age: 18 years) with intraoperatively confirmed appendicitis were reviewed. Over half (56%) were from the urban district within the city of Pietermaritzburg and the remaining 44% were from the rural health district. The median duration of illness from onset to definitive care was 4 days. Sixty per cent of appendices were perforated and associated with intra-abdominal contamination. Forty per cent of patients required reoperation to control intra-abdominal sepsis. Ten per cent required admission to the intensive care unit. The median overall length of hospital stay was 5 days. The mortality rate was 1%. Rural patients had a longer median duration of illness (3 vs 5 days, p<0.001) as well as a more advanced disease profile associated with perforation and severe intra-abdominal sepsis (19% vs 71%, p<0.001). Female patients had a longer median duration of illness (3 vs 4 days, p<0.001), were more likely to present with severe intra-abdominal sepsis (31% vs 54%, p<0.001) and were more likely to require a laparotomy (50% vs 73%, p<0.001). The total cost of managing the entire cohort of 1,004 patients over the 4-year period was £2,060,972. Conclusions Acute appendicitis in South Africa is a serious disease associated with significant morbidity. Late presentation is common. Female and rural patients have the worst clinical outcomes, with significant cost to the health system.
Outcomes following Boerhaave’ syndrome
Authors: Connelly CL , Lamb PJ , Paterson-Brown S 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Boerhaave’s syndrome is associated with high mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess outcome following treatment in a specialist upper gastrointestinal surgical unit. Methods Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database (Lothian Surgical Audit) and their records reviewed. Primary outcomes were mortality and serious morbidity. Secondary outcomes included time to theatre, operation undertaken and length of hospital stay. Results Twenty patients with Boerhaave’s syndrome were identified between 1997 and 2011. Four patients (20%) died in hospital. The mean time to theatre from symptom onset was 2.4 days. This was 7.3 days in the patients who died compared with 1.5 days in survivors. Five patients underwent primary repair of rupture, eleven underwent direct closure over a T-tube and one rupture was irreparable. Three patients were managed non-operatively and all survived. Outcomes were similar for the different surgical groups. There was one death following primary closure (20%) and two after T-tube drainage (18%). The mean length of hospital stay was 35.7 days after T-tube drainage and 20.5 days after primary repair. The 3 patients with small, self-contained leaks had a mean length of stay of 5.7 days. Conclusions Aggressive surgical management with direct repair is associated with good survival in patients with Boerhaave’s syndrome. Delayed time to theatre is associated with increased mortality. Patients with small, contained leaks without signs of sepsis can be managed non-operatively with a good outcome.
Comparison of two RP-HPLC methods for determination of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations. / Porovnanie dvoch RP-HPLC metód pre stanovenie rekombinantného ľudského trombínu vo farmaceutických formuláciách
Authors: Bartoš P. , Murányi A. , Šnauko M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Two reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analytical methods (Method I and Method II) for determination of assay of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations were developed and validated. Analysis was performed on chromatographic system Agilent 1200 series SL with diode array detection and mass selective detection.
Method I was intended for faster determination of thrombin assay. Gradient programme was optimised to achieve sufficient separation and acceptable runtime. Chromatographic analysis was performed on analytical column Grace Vydac, C4 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm. Method II is Method I adapted to use the mass selective detector. Chromatographic separation was performed on analytical column Zorbax 300SB-C8 SolvSaver Plus, 150 × 3 mm, 3.5 mm. Both analytical methods were validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The response of thrombin was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Precision and accuracy of thrombin was evaluated at three concentration levels low (0.2 mg/ml), medium (0.4 mg/ml) and high (0.8 mg/ml).
Both validated methods have been successfully applied for determination of assay and thrombin degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations.
Research Of Effect Of Low Frequency Magnetic Field On Germination, Growth And Fruiting Of Field Tomatoes
Authors: Jedlička Jaroslav , Paulen Oleg , Ailer Štefan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the study regarding with tomatoes, the impact of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on seed germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) after treatment before sowing, as well as the growth following electromagnetic stimulation of young plants at a time before planting in the field, and fruittraits was investigated. In the experiments conducted in two consecutive years (2012 and 2013), we followed the time of seed germination of tomato variety “Pavlina”, plant growth and the fruitsize. Magnetization of seeds and young plants was carried out in laboratory conditions, and plant growth and fruits were followed in field conditions where plants were grown on experimental plots (25.0 m2). The plants were grown in accordance with the standards of agricultural practice for tomato. At the generative phase, fruits were collected at regular intervals, and their number and weight were evaluated. Low frequency electromagnetic fields acting at the three inductance levels (20, 40 and 60 mT) and exposure of 20 minutes a day with frequency of 50 Hz, significantly influenced the germination, plant growth and fruitsize of the studied tomato variety.
A Statistical Approach for Obtaining the Controlled Woven Fabric Width
Authors: Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Ahmad Sheraz , Rasheed Abher , Ashraf Munir , Basit Abdul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A common problem faced in fabric manufacturing is the production of inconsistent fabric width on shuttleless looms in spite of the same fabric specifications. Weft-wise crimp controls the fabric width and it depends on a number of factors, including warp tension, temple type, fabric take-up pressing tension and loom working width. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of these parameters on the fabric width produced. Taguchi’s orthogonal design was used to optimise the weaving parameters for obtaining controlled fabric width. On the basis of signal to noise ratios, it could be concluded that controlled fabric width could be produced using medium temple type and intense take-up pressing tension at relatively lower warp tension and smaller loom working width. The analysis of variance revealed that temple needle size was the most significant factor affecting the fabric width, followed by loom working width and warp tension, whereas take-up pressing tension was least significant of all the factors investigated in the study.
Synthesis and antitumor activities of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives
Authors: Yang Xinbin , Qin Xiaolin , Wang Qin , Huang Yu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A series of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The in vitro antitumor activities of conjugates 10–13 against MCF-7 and HepG-2 tumor cell lines were evaluated using CCK-8 assay. The results show that the synthesized compounds cause a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and display different antitumor activities with the IC50 values ranging from 23.56 to 78.92 μm. Moreover, the antitumor activity of conjugate 10 against the MCF-7 cell line is superior to that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil. In addition, flow cytometric assay revealed that the representative conjugate 10 could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Efficient synthesis of 3-(bromomethyl)-5-methylpyridine hydrobromide
Authors: Guo Jianyu , Lu Yan , Wang Jin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
5-Methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine is the key intermediate in the synthesis of rupatadine. In this article, a new preparation of 5-methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide is reported, which used 5-methylnicotinic acid as the starting material, with a 65.9% overall yield. This method has the merits of being simple, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Characterization of salt- and surfactant-containing sandy soil extracts by laser light methods
Authors: Joó Szilvia , Tóth Judit , Földényi Rita 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study how different salt and surfactant solutions influence the particle size distribution and colloidal stability of sandy soil extracts. Particle size distribution was investigated by the laser diffraction method. Extracts were made from the soil – before and after removing its organic content – with solutions of NaCl or CaCl2 and one cationic and two anionic surfactants. The surfactants influence the particle size distribution of the soil. Due to the use of the NaCl and surfactant mixtures after removal of organic content, the particle sizes increased compared to the extract of the soil. Colloidal stability was investigated by the laser Doppler electrophoresis method resulting in a zeta potential between −5.63 and −23.7 mV, showing that the extracts were rather instable. Static equilibrium experiments with sodium dodecyl sulphate on sandy soil resulted in an L-type of isotherm with three steps, indicating the formation of more surface layers. Comparison of the adsorption isotherm and the measurements of particle size distribution demonstrated that the particle size changes comparably with the formation of the different layers. The zeta potential of the equilibrated solution reached the region of instability and stability when the initial concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate was near its critical micelle concentration.
Assessment of the impacts of traditional Persian medical schemes and recommendations on functional chronic constipation compared to a classic medicine lactulose, a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Emami Alorizi Seyed Morteza , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Saghebi Seyed Ahmad , Salehi Alireza , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Nimrouzi Majid , Zarshenas Mohammad M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background: To manage chronic constipation, numerous lifestyle modification schemes and recommendations as well as applications of natural medicaments have been mentioned in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (TPM). This study was aimed to compare the impacts of some of those recommendations with lactulose, on functional chronic constipation.

Methods: Via a blocked randomization, 100 patients were enrolled. Schemes and recommendations from TPM as intervention group were evaluated versus lactulose as control by weekly follow-ups with standard questionnaire for 3 months. Stool frequency, hard stool, painful defecation, incomplete evacuation sensation, anorectal obstruction sensation and manual maneuvers were considered as outcome measures.

Results: Eighty-six patients (42 in schemes and 44 in lactulose groups) completed the study. Median weekly stool frequency in 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment was 1.76±1.79, 2.88±0.89, 2.95±1.05 and 2.93±1.11 in the schemes and 2.41±1.67, 2.57±0.90, 2.84±0.91 and 2.77±1.00 in lactulose groups, respectively (p=0.10, 0.11, 0.60, 0.51). Thirty-two (76.2%) patients in schemes and 24 (54.5%) patients in lactulose groups were treated at the end of the protocol as they did not meet the Rome III criteria for constipation (p=0.04). In schemes group, patients reported no undesirable effects, whereas seven (15.9%) in lactulose group reported flatulence (p=0.02).

Conclusions: Studied schemes were as effective as lactulose, a gold standard to manage constipation. Results demonstrated that TPM schemes and recommendations, as lifestyle modification, for at least 3 months can be introduced as cheap, available and accessible approaches for the management of constipation.
Ceramics as indicators of Late Bronze Age environments at Zürich-Alpenquai (Switzerland)
Authors: Jennings Benjamin R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLake-dwellings in the northern Alpine region are renowned for their extraordinary organic
preservation. In addition to organic remains, thousands of ceramic sherds are also recovered. This paper
addresses ceramic sherds from the Late Bronze Age site Zürich-Alpenquai, and assesses over 2000 sherds for
indications of erosion and abrasion in addition to quantifying sherd size and plotting the spatial distribution
of these factors. Recording such wear patterns can provide indications of deposition practices in addition
to environmental conditions pre- and post-deposition. In this manner the study of ceramic remains from
wetland sites for abrasion can complement environmental studies addressing conditions at the time of
artefact deposition, and contribute to discussions of influences for lake-settlement abandonment.
Against Smallism And Localism
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme Sanches , Chemero Anthony 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The question whether cognition ever extends beyond the head is widely considered to be an empirical issue. And yet, all the evidence amassed in recent years has not sufficed to settle the debate. In this paper we suggest that this is because the debate is not really an empirical one, but rather a matter of definition. Traditional cognitive science can be identified as wedded to the ideals of “smallism” and “localism”. We criticize these ideals and articulate a case in favor of extended cognition by highlighting the historical pedigree and conceptual adequacy of related empirical and theoretical work.
Postmortem Values of Thyroxine and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Coe JI 
Published: July 2015

Abstractwhile morphological changes may be correlated with physiological abnormalities, such associations are usually apparent only when the anatomic pathology is severe. Marked biochemical abnormalities may exist with little or no apparent tissue change. Conversely striking anatomic lesions may have no significant laboratory findings. It is for this reason that any pathologist is interested in postmortem chemical studies hoping he may be able to determine physiological abnormalities that existed while the patient was alive. This is particularly true of the forensic pathologist who usually has no antemortem hospital studies to assist him.
Report of a Human Fatality Due to Caffeine
Authors: Alstott RL , Miller AJ , Forney RB 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Caffeine (1-, 3-, 7-trimethylxanthine) is probably the most widely used and socially acceptable drug in the world today. The United States alone uses more than three billion pounds of coffee annually. A cup of brewed coffee beverage will contain from 100 to 150 mg of the alkaloid per 8 oz portion, while tea contains 30 to 50 mg per 8 oz portion and cola drinks contain about 1 mg per oz. In addition to the consumption of caffeine in beverage form, many prescription, as well as over-the-counter drugs contain varying amounts of caffeine. An example of the former is Cafergot® (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) while No-Doz® (J. B. Williams Co.) and analgesics such as Empirin® (Burroughs-Wellcome & Co.) or diuretic preparations such as Aqua-Ban® (The Thompson Medical Co.) exemplify the latter. Caffeine is not generally considered to be a drug of misuse although it has mild cortical stimulatory properties. Excessive consumption of the compound is generally prevented by another of its pharmacological properties, that of potent gastric irritation. The individual bent on misuse usually vomits before a lethal amount of the drug can be consumed. In rate instances, however, it is possible to ingest enough caffeine to cause death. Such an instance occurred in Benton County, Indiana in 1964, when an individual contemplating suicide ingested a minimum of 6.5 g and possibly as much as 9–12 g of caffeine alkaloid.
Incidence of Propoxyphene Poisoning: A Report of Fatal Cases
Authors: Cravey RH , Shaw RF , Nakamura GR 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPropoxyphene hydrochloride, since its introduction in late 1957, has become a widely prescribed drug because of its presumed efficacy as an equivalent to narcotics and its low incidence of side effects. Miller [1], based on his critical review of the drug, found that dextropropoxyphene is ironically “no more effective than aspirin or codeine and may even be inferior to those analgesics” although more prescriptions for dextropropoxyphene were dispensed in this country in 1969 than for any other drug.
The Relevancy of Drug Control in the United States during the Seventies
Authors: Ingersoll JE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
With the spread of drug use and abuse in this country, events relating to drugs have become increasingly prominent in the news. It is anticipated that throughout the seventies this problem will continue to be one of the major social problems in the United States. If an answer to curbing the drug problem is to be found in the next decade, the activities of the Federal government in the past must be examined with a view towards correcting prior mistakes and reducing or eliminating them in the future.
Examination of Firing Pin Impressions by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Grove CA , Judd G , Horn R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Several investigations [1–4] have been conducted in order to show the applicability of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to the forensic sciences including the examination of firing pin impressions. These studies have shown, for numerous types of physical evidence, the feasibility and potential of SEM. However, as of now, an in-depth examination of one type of physical evidence has not been done. Thus, it is the purpose of this investigation to do an extensive study of firing pin impressions to determine the reproducibility and reliability of SEM using a number of samples and to develop a criterion for comparing firing pin impressions.
Characterization of Paint Fragments by Combined Topographical and Chemical Electron Optics Techniques
Authors: Wilson R , Judd G , Ferriss S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAutomotive paint fragments are one type of physical evidence material which has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) [1,2]. The SEM-EDS can add to the information which can be obtained from a paint sample because the paint contains both topographical features and chemical composition data. Previous research has been undertaken to try to understand the nature of the variables involved and the criteria of data evaluation [1–4]. While these studies showed the applicability of the SEM to the forensic science analysis of paint fragments, the questions of reproducibility of the data obtained and of reliability as an identifying technique were not definitively answered.
The Adversary System: Role of the Forensic Toxicologist
Authors: Winek CL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is most interesting to note that toxicology in general has become a very popular and paramount science in the last decade. Stimulated by man's concern with adverse health effects—specifically, drugs and alcohol, air pollution, water pollution, etc.—toxicology has become a common household word, although it continues to be mispronounced and, occasionally, misspelled. Table 1 contains a listing of the many titles that have been given to the author on letters addressed to him at the University and at the Coroner's Office. The ultimate was the receipt of a letter addressed to the “Chief Taxidermist,” Allegheny County Coroner's Office!!!
Students’ Extracurricular Activities in Higher Education and Its Effect on Personal Development and Academic Achievement (Case Study In Islamic State University of Suska Riau)
Authors: Diniaty Amirah , Kurniati Annisa 
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the students’ extracurricular activities at Islamic State University of Suska Riau concerning the types and forms of their activities, background of the activity, benefits of extracurricular activities, and its effect on students’ self-development and academic achievement. 300 students who enroll at sixth semester in eight Faculties (Tarbiyah and Teacher’s Training, Sharia and Law, Ushuludin, Dakwah and Communication Sciences, Science and Technology, Psychology, Economics and Social Sciences, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry) were the sample of this study. The data were then processed statistically using percentages and regression of correlation. It was found that the type of extracurricular followed by the students were leadership (70%), those of whom had the motivation to add insight, knowledge and more critical thinking were (44.67%). Some students followed extra-curricular activity because of their solicitation or to follow the main stream (37%), some students did not get financial benefits from the activity (34.67%). Some other respondents felt that they could follow the extracurricular talents, interests and personal abilities (58.67%), and think about their future after graduating from the college (66%). Things need to be followed up by students and university staffs were the more active students who attend the extracurricular activities were the lower achievement ones. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
المنهج النحوي عند البصريين
Authors: Yasmadi Yasmadi 
Published: July 2015

the aim of the study is to identify the Arabic grammar based on Nahu. Formerly, Basrah scholars focused on their study to determine Nahu and Arabic grammar. Although they agreed with Kufah group that hadits and word sayings of Arabic people can become references to in determining syntactical structure (grammar) of Arabic language. Thus, they provide strong requirement to those references. Meanwhile the scholars made qiyas as ijma` as Nahu regulations. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
6-Aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as precursors of 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-b]purines
Authors: Savateev K. V. , Borisov S. S. , Voinkov E. K. , Ulomsky E. N. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N. 
Published: July 2015

Triazolo[5,1-b]purines are rare structural analogues of natural nucleosides and nucleobases purine series. At the same time, prominent representatives of azolopurines exhibit a broad spectrum of antiviral effect, activity against of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and etc. Despite the practical value azolo[5,1-b]purines extremely sparingly represented in the chemical literature, due to the complexity of their synthesis. We suggest a convenient way to synthesize triazolopurines with aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (2) as available starting compounds obtained in good yield by reduction of nitro derivatives (1).