bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex-assisted ionic liquid based liquid-liquid microextraction of selected pesticides from a manufacturing wastewater sample
Authors: Trtić-Petrović Tatjana , Dimitrijević Aleksandra 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe ionic liquid based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-VALLME) procedure was developed and validated for determination of four pesticides in a manufacturing wastewater sample: acetamiprid, imidacloprid, linuron and tebufenozide. The following ILs were tested as extractants: 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The extraction efficiency and the enrichment factor dependencies on the type and amount of ionic liquids, extraction and centrifugation time, volume, pH and the ionic strength of the sample, were investigated. The concentration of pesticides in the aqueous and IL phases was determined by HPLC-DAD. The optimal conditions for extraction of the pesticides were determined: the aqueous sample volume of 10 mL with the addition of 0.58 g NaCl, 40 µL of the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as extractant, 2 min extraction under vigorous mixing applying the vortex agitator, and separation of the phases by centrifugation for 2 min at 1000 rpm. The calibration curves of the pesticides showed good linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.9996) in the concentration range from 0.005 to 1.00 mg L−1. Determined LOD values are 1.8, 2.3, 4.8 and 8.6 µg L−1 for Tebf, Linr, Acet and Imid, respectively. The optimized IL-VALLME was applied for determination of the pesticides in the pesticide manufacturing wastewater.
Current uses and trends in catalytic isomerization, alkylation and etherification processes to improve gasoline quality
Authors: Hidalgo José , Zbuzek Michal , Černý Radek , Jíša Petr 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDue to the growing restrictions on the content of aromatic compounds by the European legislation in motor fuels and at the same time the need for higher quality fuels (minimizing the presence of contaminants and hazardous products to health), it has become necessary to increase processes that can maximize the number of octane in gasoline. This manuscript is aimed to provide current trends and processes related to isomerization, alkylation and etherification processes to improve gasolines as final product. Examples provided include the isomerization of light n-alkanes into iso-alkanes or the alkylation, in which the preferred olefin is the methylbutilene and i-butane to produce a high octane number gasoline. Currently, there are two main commercial processes for alkylation processes (hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid technologies). Other incoming suitable process is the etherification of iso-olefins to bio-ethers (the European Union have as a minimum target of biofuel content in fuels of 10% in 2020). The refiners are recently investing in the production of bio-ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether) and other products as additives using bio-ethanol and olefins. Commercial and new potential catalysts for all these processes are currently being used and under investigation.
Stress degradation study of two oral antidiabetics, gliclazide and glipizide, and chemical analysis by LC and LC/MS methods
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Berecka Anna , Pietraś Rafał , Ślebioda Marek 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKinetic study of degradation of two oral antidiabetics, gliclazide and glipizide, was performed using new HPLC method which was validated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The stress degradation was performed in 0.2 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH as well as in acetate and phosphate buffers over the pH range 3.8–8.3 at 30 and 70°C. In strong acidic and alkaline media gliclazide was almost fully degraded while glipizide showed much higher stability. Generally, degradation processes of gliclazide and glipizide were observed as the first order reactions while the rates of decomposition for both drugs were smallest at pH 8.3. The samples of gliclazide and glipizide stressed in strong acid and alkali at 70°C were additionally analyzed using an LC/MS method and some products of decomposition were detected and identified. It was concluded that glipizide was more resistant to very high or very low pH and would have higher stability compared to gliclazide. Such comparisons have not been performed so far for these valuable drugs. Additional LC/MS study showed that during decomposition of sulfonylureas, different degradation pathways were possible.
Effect of support on activity of palladium catalysts in nitrobenzene hydrogenation
Authors: Pikna Ľubomír , Heželová Mária , Demčáková Silvia , Smrčová Miroslava , Plešingerová Beatrice , Štefanko Michal , Turáková Mária , Králik Milan , Puliš Pavel , Lehocký Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe effect of two types of catalysts on the activity of the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was studied. Catalysts were prepared by the surface deposition of palladium hydroxide with a simultaneous reduction with formaldehyde in a basic environment and were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, adsorption-desorption, and catalytic tests — hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in methanol. The influence of the supports’ (activated carbon and a mixture of activated carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) surface area is discussed. Despite having a size comparable (4–5 nm) to crystallites of metallic palladium, the catalyst prepared on a mixture of activated carbon and nanotubes (Pd/C/CNT) was significantly less active than the catalyst prepared on pure activated carbon (Pd/C); the rate of this reaction was approximately 30 % lower than the initial reaction rate. This feature could be attributed to the lower specific surface area of the Pd/C/CNT (531 m2 g−1) in comparison with the Pd/C (692 m2 g−1).
QSAR modeling of aromatase inhibition by flavonoids using machine learning approaches
Authors: Nantasenamat Chanin , Worachartcheewan Apilak , Mandi Prasit , Monnor Teerawat , Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya Chartchalerm , Prachayasittikul Virapong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAromatase is a member of the cytochrome P450 family responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting conversion of androgens to estrogens. In the pursuit of robust aromatase inhibitors, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and classification structure-activity relationship (CSAR) studies were performed on a non-redundant set of 63 flavonoids using multiple linear regression, artificial neural network, support vector machine and decision tree approaches. Easy-to-interpret descriptors providing comprehensive coverage on general characteristics of molecules (i.e., molecular size, flexibility, polarity, solubility, charge and electronic properties) were employed to describe the unique physicochemical properties of the investigated flavonoids. QSAR models provided good predictive performance as observed from their statistical parameters with Q values in the range of 0.8014 and 0.9870 for the cross-validation set and Q values in the range of 0.8966 and 0.9943 for the external test set. Furthermore, CSAR models developed with the J48 algorithm are able to accurately classify flavonoids as active and inactive as observed from the percentage of correctly classified instances in the range of 84.6 % and 100 %. The study presented herein represents the first large-scale QSAR study of aromatase inhibition on a large set of flavonoids. Such investigations provide an important insight on the origins of aromatase inhibitory properties of flavonoids as breast cancer therapeutics.
Synthesis and properties of CaAl-layered double hydroxides of hydrocalumite-type
Authors: Tóth Viktor , Sipiczki Mónika , Pallagi Attila , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Sipos Pál , Pálinkó István 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCaAl-layered double hydroxides (CaAl-LDHs) with various carbonate ion contents are essentially formed in Bayer liquors during the causticisation step in alumina production. Under well-defined conditions hemicarbonate is formed, which is beneficial in the process of retrieving both Al(OH)4− and OH− ions. In the current work, Ca2Al-LDHs with various carbonate contents were prepared by the co-precipitation procedure and the products were dried in different ways. Structural information was obtained by a variety of methods, such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Elemental maps were constructed through a combination of SEM images and EDX measurements. The targeted CaAl-hydrocalumites were successfully synthesised. It was found that the method used for drying did not influence the basal spacing although it significantly altered the particle sizes.
L'amont et l'aval d'une loi électorale
Authors: Heurtaux Jérôme 
Published: October 2013

Cet article analyse un processus de changement de régime avec les outils de la sociologie politique du droit. Il étudie les élections « semi-libres » de juin 1989 en Pologne. Est examiné le processus de codification pendant les négociations de la « Table ronde », dont est issue une règle électorale ad hoc et ambiguë. Les différents usages du droit par les principaux acteurs (parti communiste, Solidarité, candidats) sont reconstitués. En partie inattendus, ils ont contribué à transformer une élection conçue pour sauver le régime communiste en outil de son effondrement.
Qui milite sur Internet ?
Authors: Theviot Anaïs 
Published: October 2013

Qui milite en ligne ? Ce questionnement en induit un autre : comment enquêter sur ces militants d’un genre particulier ? Cet article propose une méthode pour « capter » les cyber-militants, et plus largement pour diffuser un questionnaire via Facebook. Cette modalité de passation permet au chercheur d’établir un contact individuel, ciblé, touchant presque à la sphère intime, mais de façon massive. Cette difficulté méthodologique résolue, nous verrons que le profil sociologique du cyber-militant s’éloigne peu de celui du militant « traditionnel » (excepté pour l’âge) : le cyber militant est « toujours plus ». Toujours plus diplômé, plus masculin, plus haut dans la position professionnelle. Ceux qui militent en ligne sont en fait les membres les plus actifs dont l’action en ligne s’ajoute à celle de terrain. Cette enquête révèle aussi quelques surprises concernant la catégorie socioprofessionnelle d’agriculteurs-exploitants.
Le football dans la ville
Authors: Dumons Bruno 
Published: October 2013

Résumé En 1933 est fondée l’Association sportive de Saint-Étienne. Ce club de football professionnel, qui a gagné une renommée sportive européenne après 1960, offre à la ville l’opportunité de changer son image de cité industrielle et ouvrière. En s’appropriant une équipe, un stade et une couleur, la « ville noire » est devenue une « ville verte », affichant les valeurs de la réussite et du dynamisme à l’heure de la reconversion de son économie. Emblématique, cet exemple caractérise le processus d’instrumentalisation du sport à des fins de politique urbaine et culturelle.
Les avatars de l'équipe nationale
Authors: Dietschy Paul 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Les équipes nationales de football sont nées des contradictions de la Britishness et du désir des fédérations européennes de football de fonder un internationalisme sportif calqué sur le modèle de l’État-nation. C’est toutefois dans l’entre-deux-guerres qu’un véritable imaginaire national et sportif est élaboré par la presse écrite et la radio autour des matchs « internations ». Les régimes autoritaires et totalitaires ont instrumentalisé leurs équipes nationales pour mobiliser les masses, affirmer symboliquement leur puissance et subvertir l’internationalisme sportif, comme le feront plus tard les dictateurs africains. Cependant, autant qu’un instrument politique, l’équipe nationale a aussi été une source de revenus pour les fédérations sportives à tel point que blasons nationaux et logos commerciaux sont aujourd’hui intimement associés. De même, la déclinaison footballistique de l’État-nation est aujourd’hui brouillée par la flexibilité de la nationalité sportive des footballeurs.
Le football à Trieste de 1945 à 1954
Authors: Archambault Fabien 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Immédiatement après la guerre, le football devient un enjeu politique dans le cadre du règlement de la question de Trieste. Les gouvernements italien et yougoslave financent en effet chacun une équipe triestine (l’Unione sportiva Triestina pour le premier et l’Amatori Ponziana pour le second), qu’ils font participer à leur meilleur championnat, manifestant ainsi l’appartenance de la capitale julienne à leur nation respective. Cette situation exceptionnelle et restée inédite – dans une même ville et un même stade se produisent deux équipes jouant dans deux compétitions de première division de deux États différents –, souligne combien le football constitue là bien plus que le reflet des relations internationales ; à Trieste, il est un protagoniste à part entière de l’évolution politique d’un territoire contesté dans un contexte de guerre froide.
Placental Macrophages Are Impaired in Chorioamnionitis, an Infectious Pathology of the Placenta
Authors: Ben Amara Amira , Gorvel Laurent , Baulan Karine , Derain-Court Justine , Buffat Christophe , Vérollet Christel , Textoris Julien , Ghigo Eric , Bretelle Florence , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Mege Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPregnancy is dependent on maternal–fetal tolerance that may be compromised because of infections or inflammation of the placenta. In this study, we examined whether the context of placental immune tolerance affected the functions of resident macrophages and if their functions were altered during chorioamnionitis, an infectious pathology of the placenta. Macrophages from at-term placentas expressed CD14, exhibited macrophage microbicidal functions, but were less inflammatory than monocyte-derived macrophages. Moreover, placental macrophages spontaneously matured into multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), a property not exhibited by monocyte-derived macrophages, and we detected MGCs of myeloid origin in placental tissue. Compared with placental macrophages, MGCs exhibited a specific phenotype and gene expression signature, consisting of increased cytoskeleton-associated gene expression along with depressed expression of inflammatory response genes. Furthermore, placental macrophages from patients with chorioamnionitis were unable to form MGCs, but this defect was partially corrected by incubating these placental macrophages with control trophoblast supernatants. MGCs formation likely serves to regulate their inflammatory and cytocidal activities in a context that imposes semiallograft acceptance and defense against pathogens.
Observations on dentine hypersensitivity in general dental practices in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Khafaji Hasanain 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDentine hypersensitivity is a common clinical finding with a wide variation in prevalence values and etiological factors. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence and some etiological factors of dentine hypersensitivity of Emirati patients visiting general dental clinics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over a period of three calendar months. Materials and Methods: Six general dental practitioners examined 204 Emirati patients over a period of three calendar months and patients who had dentine hypersensitivity diagnosed were questioned further about their smoking habits and the frequency, severity, and duration of their pain. Furthermore, cervical tooth surface loss was noted. Results: A total of 55 patients were diagnosed as having dentine hypersensitivity, giving a prevalence figure of 27%. The most common teeth affected were the lower anterior teeth. Conclusions: The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in Emirati patients visiting a general dental clinic in the UAE was 27%. The most common etiology appeared to be the loss of cervical tooth surface structure.
In vitro evaluation of the fracture strength of all-ceramic core materials on zirconium posts
Authors: Ozcan Nihal , Sahin Erdal 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Objective: For most endodontically treated teeth, tooth-colored post-core systems are preferable for esthetic reasons. Therefore, improvements in material strength must also consider tooth colored post-core complexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in tooth colored post-core complex strengths. Materials and Methods: A total of 33 human maxillary central incisor teeth were used for this study, with three groups of 11 teeth. Three different methods were used to fabricate all-ceramic post-core restorations: zirconia blanks, Cerec 3D-milled to one-piece post-core restorations (Test Group 1); feldspathic cores (from feldspathic prefabricated CAD/CAM blocks) adhesively luted to CosmoPost zirconia posts (Test Group 2); and IPS Empress cores directly pressed to CosmoPost zirconia posts (Test Group 3). All-ceramic crowns from feldspathic ceramic were constructed using a CAD/CAM system (Cerec 3D) for all specimens. The post-core complexes were tested to failure with the load applied at 45° angled relative to the tooth long axis. The load at fracture was recorded. Results: The maximum fracture strength of the milled zirconia cores (Test Group 1) was 577 N; corresponding values for the milled feldspathic cores (Test Group 2) and the pressed cores (Test Group 3) were 586 and 585 N, respectively. Differences were not statistically significant at P < 0.05 (P = 0.669). Conclusions: All-ceramic cores adhesively luted on zirconia posts and one-piece all-ceramic zirconium post-core structures offer a viable alternative to conventional pressing.
Pleuropulmonary Tuberculosis Following Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer at a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Madan Karan , Aggarwal Ashutosh , Gupta Nalini , Das Ashim , Behera Digambar , Singh Navneet 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Background
Chemotherapy is a risk factor for occurrence of infections. Tuberculosis is a common infection in high prevalence countries. Data on incidence of tuberculosis following lung cancer chemotherapy is limited. The current study was conducted to assess the spectrum and clinical profile of pleuro-pulmonary tuberculosis following lung cancer chemotherapy at a tertiary care institute in North India.

Methods
Retrospective data analysis of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy over a three-and-half year period. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made by presence of suggestive clinicoradiological features (fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain, new parenchymal infiltrates or new onset pleural effusion on chest imaging) along with demonstration of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum/pleural fluid/bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and/or growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on culture. For biopsy/cytology specimens, tuberculosis was diagnosed by demonstration of granulomatous inflammation with AFB.

Results
Overall six (0.9%) of 662 lung cancer patients developed tuberculosis [four pulmonary (PTB) and two pleural (TB-PE)]. Occurrence of PTB/TB-PE and of smear-positive PTB after lung cancer chemotherapy was at a rate of 2.59 per 1000 patients/year and 1.73 per 1000 patients/year respectively, compared with national incidences of 1.85 per 1000 population/year and 0.75 per 1000 population/year respectively. Four patients had objective response to chemotherapy. Diagnosis of PTB/TB-PE was established by sputum microscopy, BAL fluid microscopy and pleural biopsy in two patients each. All patients developed tuberculosis on same side as primary tumor. All patients received standard four-drug anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). Median time interval between diagnosis of lung cancer and that of tuberculosis was 144 (56-317) days while time interval between last chemotherapy cycle and diagnosis of tuberculosis was 55 (36-182) days. Median overall survival and survival after diagnosis of tuberculosis were 312 (141-504) days and 174 (41-199) days respectively.

Conclusion
Occurrence of PTB/TB-PE after lung cancer chemotherapy is higher than the corresponding incidence of tuberculosis observed in the general Indian population. Overall survival of these patients is similar to lung cancer patients in general if clinical suspicion of tuberculosis is actively pursued and ATT initiated promptly following diagnosis of tuberculosis.

How to cite this article
Singh N, Madan K, Aggarwal AN, Gupta N, Das A, Behera D. Pleuropulmonary Tuberculosis Following Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer at a Tertiary Care Center in India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):177-180.
Tuberculosis and Nanotechnology: Where shall the Twain meet?
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Malhotra Samir , Kondel Ritika 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis remains among the commonest infectious diseases in the developing world and is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Conventional treatments typically consist of long-term therapy with multiple drugs which often leads to poor patient compliance as well as adverse effects. Poor compliance is in turn a major cause for the development of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis for which there are few treatment options. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved and more effective therapies. There are very few new drugs for tuberculosis in the pipeline, and a major current area of research is development of novel formulations. Another key aspect is to prevent the spread of the disease by developing rapid diagnostic methods. Here, we describe advances in nanotechnology for improving the pharmacological profile of antitubercular drugs (substantial work in our institution) and microtechnology diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB).

How to cite this article
Shafiq N, Kondel R, Malhotra S. Tuberculosis and Nanotechnology: Where shall the Twain meet? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(4):188-192.
Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Crowe Type-4 Developmental Dysplasia
Authors: Sofu Hakan , Şahin Vedat , Gürsu Sarper , Yıldırım Timur , Issın Ahmet , Koçkara Nizamettin 
Published: October 2013

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoarthritis. The purpose of our study was to review clinical and radiological outcomes of reconstruction surgery using cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with Crowe type-IV dysplastic hips. Methods This study included eighty-seven primary total hip arthroplasties performed between January 2005 and January 2010 at our clinic in 74 patients who had Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip. Cementless total hip arthroplasty was applied in all hips. At the clinical status analysis, any limping, the Harris hip score, surgical approach, the use of bone grafts, the presence of femoral osteotomy, any component migration, union status of the osteotomy site (if present), and any osteolysis or heterotopic ossification were noted. Mean follow-up time was 4.8 years. Results Mean Harris hip score was improved from 41.8 points preoperatively to 86.2 points postoperatively (p<0.001). At the final clinical examination, none of the patients had severe limping. Restoration of the anatomical hip centre was achieved in all hips. Pseudoarthrosis of the femoral osteotomy site was seen in two hips (3.6%). Twelve hips (13.8%) underwent revision surgery. Neurological complications were seen in two hips (2.3%). Heterotopic ossification was detected in one hip. conclusion Cementless total hip arthroplasty with restoration of the anatomic hip centre resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with secondary coxarthrosis due to Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.