bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs and benefits of publicising species discoveries
Authors: Ryan Gerard Edward , Nicholson Emily , Baker Christopher M. , McCarthy Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInformation about species’ locations can influence what happens to them—from supporting habitat protection to exposing poaching targets. Debate about releasing locations when new species are found highlights the trade‐off between the risk of loss and the benefits of funding and public support. No research so far has collected data on how such decisions are made, and no decision tools easily compare a range of decision‐making scenarios. Here, we present a method to compare the costs and benefits of decisions about the disclosure of information about newly discovered species and populations. We implement our method for seven species where information is completely or partially secret. We ask decision‐makers to estimate the costs and benefits associated with these case studies and apply our method. Results show a range of implications from choices that are always better, to others that depend on risk attitude, and demonstrate that the process of decision‐making can be transparent and easily communicated.
Treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia in Finland 2010–2020: A retrospective analysis of electronic health records
Authors: Ranti Juha , Pudas Hanna , Ranta Martta , Tuominen Samuli , Uusi‐Rauva Kristiina , Lammela Johanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur retrospective study (2010–2020) examined treatment patterns, outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization in Finnish acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Data covered 153 patients diagnosed at Hospital District of Southwest Finland (HDSF) and 107 from other districts who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) at HDSF. Of the 153 patients, 56.2% received intensive chemotherapy (IC), while 43.8% deemed ineligible for IC received low‐intensity therapies or best supportive care (BSC). Median overall survival for IC patients was 31.2 months, compared to 5.3 months for those under azacytidine and 1.2 months on BSC. Majority (57.5%) of patients over 60 with intermediate/high European leukemia network risk had poor outcomes with IC and couldn't proceed to aSCT. These patients carried the highest costs and hospital resource use per patient month. Most common reasons for transplant ineligibility after IC were refractory disease and infection. Our data provides a comprehensive view on AML treatment landscape from a period when the latest treatment advancements were not yet accessible. The data describes patient groups with poor prognosis and increased healthcare burden, emphasizing the need to improve treatment practices and identify better ways to get more patients to transplant, in a rapidly evolving treatment landscape.
Oral health in home care: Perspectives and experiences of dentists in a Brazilian region
Authors: Genaro Luis Eduardo , Marconato José Victor , Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva , Pinotti Felipe Eduardo , Júnior Aylton Valsecki , Saliba Tânia Adas , Rosell Fernanda Lopez 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionHome care provided by dentists is crucial for ensuring adequate oral care. However, oral health professionals face challenges in delivering treatment at patients' residences due to a lack of resources. Our objective was to explore dentists' perspectives and experiences of dental home care and potential challenges for its implementation.MethodsThe study took a qualitative approach. Guided by a semi‐structured interview schedule, data were gathered using recorded interviews with 22 dental professionals. After transcription, data were analysed thematically using the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) method, using Qualiquantisoft.ResultsThe majority of participants were female (n = 20), aged between 30 and 40 years old, and predominantly specialising in primary care (n = 6) or endodontics (n = 6). All participants provided home care, performing general dental procedures, normally responding to requests from the work team (n = 13) or family (n = 7). Six main categories on to the topic emerged: importance and access to home care, procedures performed during home visits, discussions about post‐home care, professional competence and patient‐centred care, positive aspects of home care, and negative aspects and challenges faced in this type of care.ConclusionThis study highlights the fundamental, yet complex, role of home care in dentistry. Continuity of treatment through adaptability and a patient‐centred approach are important.
Ecologising Invited and Uninvited Patient Participation in Russia
Authors: Nikulkin Vlas , Vlasov Yan , Zvonareva Olga 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPublic participation can be both supported and limited by decision‐makers. Therefore, citizens either participate in top‐down approved formats or have to turn towards subversion. These different participation practices, called invited and uninvited, are often treated by researchers as mutually exclusive. In this article, we present the case of patient organisations' involvement in various state‐controlled deliberation bodies in Russia, which does not fit into a smooth binary distinction of the patient participation practice. Instead, identified patient participation practices combine interaction approved by gatekeepers with interaction, which are subversive and grassroots‐initiated. Conceptually, it means that invited and uninvited participation can be better understood as intertwined ecologies.MethodsThe article is based on a qualitative ethnographic study, which includes participatory observations of the meetings of state‐controlled public participation bodies, such as public councils, 51 semi‐structured interviews with members of these bodies and an analysis of the relevant policy and methodological documents. Informed consent to record and transcribe all interviews was obtained. Thematic analysis has been used to produce the results.ResultsRussian patient organisations often work informally and independently of state‐approved practices expected from them. Some subversive practices happen outside official meetings, others become widely used best practices and others remain everyday mundane interactions, which contribute to the maintenance of the independence of patient organisations against otherwise dominating and nondemocratic state actors.ConclusionThe ecologising approach to patient participation, which interprets invited and uninvited practices as interconnected, has better explanatory power for cases in which citizens maintain independence despite all limitations associated with authoritarian settings. Conceptualising invited and uninvited practices as situations, or separate time‐ and space‐bound events, is a helpful theoretical framework for understanding diverse and seemingly contradictory public participation practices.Patient or Public ContributionResearch participants communicated amendments to the initial research framework to incorporate their needs. Repeated interviews allowed triangulation of preliminary findings with research participants. The article is co‐authored with the patient organisation representative, who has contributed directly to data analysis and presentation.
General practitioner and practice nurses perspectives on implementation of the 75+ health assessment: Implications for dementia care and well‐being
Authors: White Jennifer , Norton Grace , Pond Dimity , Khaing Kay , Dolja‐Gore Xenia , Byles Julie , Carey Mariko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe uptake of the health assessment for persons aged 75 years and older (75 + HA) remains low. Repeat assessments provide an opportunity to identify areas of change in cognitive function which may mark the onset of dementia. We aimed to explore general practitioner (GP) and practice nurse experiences of implementing the 75 + HA with a focus on clinical considerations for dementia care.MethodsAn interpretative qualitative study involving interviews with 15 GPs (female = 11, male = 4) and 5 practice nurses (all female). Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsThe majority of GPs (n = 11) worked in metropolitan settings and four GPs worked in regional settings across NSW. All participants worked in separate clinics, except for two GPs and one practice nurse who worked within the same metropolitan clinic. Distinct themes emerged regarding participants experiences of implementing the 75 + HA for patients with dementia: (1) negotiating aged care is complex and facilitated by a comprehensive assessment; (2) implementing work practices that support the 75 + HA in patients with cognitive decline; and (3) variations in follow up of findings and implications for care.DiscussionThe 75 + HA provides an opportunity for monitoring and acting on emergent physical and cognitive health changes. Increased engagement and support towards implementing the 75 + HA, particularly in the context of dementia, may facilitate the instigation of interventions. While some participants in this study were confident with identifying and managing cognitive decline, the majority relied on geriatricians to confirm dementia diagnosis and refer to community support services. We suggest the need for greater initiatives and clinical guidelines to assist GPs in the identification and management of cognitive decline.Implications for the ProfessionFrom a nursing perspective, this study highlights the valuable role of nurses towards assessment and management of issues raised in the health assessment for persons aged 75 years and older. However, more resources are needed to enable nurse time for adequate follow‐up care.
Multi‐gene panel analysis in BRCA1/2‐negative patients suspected of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome: Real‐world data from a single institution
Authors: Nakahara Mariko , Ushiama Mineko , Tanabe Noriko , Gotoh Masahiro , Sakamoto Hiromi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Hirata Makoto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimAlthough BRCA1/2 is most frequently associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), many other related genes have been implicated. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of non‐BRCA1/2 genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition in BRCA1/2‐negative patients from the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services with breast and ovarian cancer using a multi‐gene panel (MGP) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective MGP analysis (National Cancer Center Onco‐Panel for Familial Cancer; NOP_FC) in BRCA1/2‐negative patients with breast, ovarian, and overlapping breast/ovarian cancers who visited our genetic counseling between April 2004 and October 2022.ResultsNOP_FC was performed in 128 of the 390 BRCA test‐negative cases (117 breast cancer, 9 ovarian cancer, and 2 overlapping breast/ovarian cancer cases). Among the BRCA1/2‐negative patients, nine (7.7%) with breast cancer and one (11%) with ovarian cancer had pathogenic variants (PVs) in non‐BRCA1/2 genes associated with breast and ovarian cancers, respectively. Five patients had PVs in RAD51D, two in PALB2, one in BARD1, one in ATM, and one in RAD51C.ConclusionsAdditional MGP testing of germline genes associated with hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome in BRCA1/2‐negative breast and ovarian cancer patients revealed PVs in non‐BRCA1/2 breast cancer‐ and ovarian cancer‐related genes in 7.7% of breast cancer and 11% of ovarian cancer. Therefore, additional testing may provide useful information for subsequent risk‐reducing surgery and surveillance in BRCA1/2‐negative patients.
Can legislative majorities shape budgets? A comparative analysis of presidential systems in Latin America
Authors: Schibber Constanza F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn separation of powers systems, in theory, legislative and executive branches must concur for policies to be enacted. However, empirical research, especially on Latin American cases, suggests that rather than reaching a compromise, it is common for the executive to make unilateral decisions, leaving the legislature marginalized in the policymaking process. Contrary to this trend, I argue that understanding important policy choices, including the national budget, requires considering the formal powers assigned to the president and the assembly, in interaction with their ideological divergence. Examining 12 presidential democracies for the past 20 years, I investigate the legislative majority's success in determining government expenditures under various policymaking institutions. I identify a number of institutional scenarios where legislative majorities are highly likely to succeed, while in other configurations, their success depends on their ideological divergence from the president.
Building a strong public health nursing workforce in Canada: A continuing education solution
Authors: Schofield Ruth , Chircop Andrea , Currie Genevieve , Annamunthodo Marcia , Cusack Cheryl , Groulx David , Houston Jann , Humphreys James , Tam Susan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBuilding a strong public health nursing (PHN) work‐force capable of advancing population health and reducing inequities is critical. Though undergraduate nursing education is expected to provide introductory knowledge and practice of PHN in Canada, this is not always sufficient to adequately prepare nursing graduates for the complexity of PHN practice. To be practice ready for the full scope of PHN roles and interventions, new baccalaureate nurses and new registered nurses in public health are required to apply PHN competencies, theory, and knowledge of nursing and public health sciences, and to practice within the mandates of provincial and territorial public health legislation. To advance practice readiness a formal continuing education program is essential to foster these critical roles in PHN. This article describes the development of a postgraduate continuing education program for preparation to practice in PHN.
Elementary students' argumentative and explanatory mathematical writing about fractions
Authors: Colonnese Madelyn W. , Cardetti Fabiana , Casa Tutita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMathematical writing (MW) is an important yet underutilized form of mathematics discourse. Given the lack of attention to MW, there are few resources to support the implementation and assessment of MW. This study responds to the lack of resources by describing a MW unit focused on fractions that was implemented during a summer school program to support rising fourth grade students with explanatory and argumentative writing. Findings from the study revealed that students used different forms of reasoning about fractions to compose their mathematical argument and explanation. We also identified five categories that captured how students communicated a mathematical argument and explanation: writing organization, precise mathematical vocabulary, mathematics content, mathematical representation, and characteristics specific to a mathematical argument/explanation. The five categories led to the development of an analytic rubric for argumentative and explanatory writing.
Evolution of magma compositions and phosphorus availability in early Earth’s crust: New constraints from zircon-melt partitioning experiments
Authors: Shang Sheng , Lin Yanhao , van Westrenen Wim , Brouwer Fraukje M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Zircons are the oldest remaining witnesses of Earth’s near-surface processes, and conditions in the Hadean and Archaean crust are derived predominantly from their trace element and isotopic compositions. However, quantitative assessment of element and isotope partitioning between zircon and melt remains incomplete. We experimentally determined the effect of phosphorus (P) abundance on zircon-melt partition coefficients of Al (DAl), Li (DLi), and P (DP). Results indicate that P content has opposite effects on DAl and DLi, whereas the partitioning of P itself and other trace elements is independent of P abundance. Parametrization of our results yields new assessments of the aluminum saturation index (ASI) and P and Li contents of Hadean magmas. Magma ASI values are ~0.5 lower than previously thought and consistently remain below 1 during the first ~1 Ga of Earth evolution, suggesting involvement of only igneous protoliths. First peraluminous (ASI &gt; 1) melts do not appear until ca. 3.6 Ga, supporting the hypothesis that a transition from a tectonic style dominated by vertical motion to horizontal tectonics accompanied by partial melting of sediments did not occur before that time. New calculated magma Li concentrations for young zircons are in much better agreement with the continental crust Li abundance. Average calculated Archaean and Hadean magma Li concentrations are unrealistically large (&gt;1000 ppm), suggesting that Li in zircons formed before 2 Ga is not primary. Calculated magma P abundances are uniform (~1900 ± 400 ppm) throughout Earth history, suggesting sufficient crustal P was available throughout the Hadean to support the origin of life.
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in middle-aged individuals is strongly associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis within 10-year follow-up: a prospective cohort study (CHECK)
Authors: Agricola Rintje , van Buuren Michiel M A , Kemp Joanne L , Weinans Harrie , Runhaar Jos , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to determine the association and absolute risk of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) for the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA).MethodsThis is a nationwide, multicentre prospective cohort study (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee) with 1002 individuals aged between 45 and 65 years. Hips without definitive RHOA (Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade≤1) at baseline and with anteroposterior pelvic radiographs at baseline and 10-year follow-up available (n=1386 hips) were included. FAIS was defined by the baseline presence of a painful hip, limited internal hip rotation≤25° and cam morphology defined by an alpha angle>60°. The outcomes were incident RHOA (KL grade≥2 or total hip replacement (THR)) and incident end-stage RHOA (KL≥3 or THR) within 10 years.ResultsOf the 1386 included hips (80% women; mean age 55.7±5.2 years), 21 hips fulfilled criteria for FAIS and 563 hips did not fulfil any of the FAIS criteria (reference group; no symptoms, no signs, no cam morphology). Within 10-year follow-up, 221 hips (38%) developed incident RHOA and 15 hips (3%) developed end-stage RHOA (including 9 hips with THR). Adjusted for sex, age and body mass index, FAIS with cam morphology resulted in an OR of 6.85 (95% CI 2.10 to 22.35) for incident RHOA and 47.82 (95% CI 12.51 to 182.76) for incident end-stage RHOA, compared with hips not having any FAIS criteria. The absolute risk of FAIS was 81% for incident RHOA and 33% for incident end-stage RHOA.ConclusionFAIS was strongly associated with the development of RHOA within 10 years. Although the baseline prevalence of FAIS was low, the high absolute risk of FAIS for RHOA warrants further studies to determine preventive strategies.
External validation of the preHEART score and comparison with current clinical risk scores for prehospital risk assessment in patients with suspected NSTE-ACS
Authors: Demandt Jesse P A , Koks Arjan , Sagel Dennis , Haest Rutger , Heijmen Eric , Thijssen Eric , el Farissi Mohamed , Eerdekens Rob , van der Harst Pim , van ’t Veer Marcel , Dekker Lukas , Tonino Pim , Vlaar Pieter J 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundEmergency Medical Services (EMS) studies have shown that prehospital risk stratification and triage decisions in patients with suspected non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) can be improved using clinical risk scores with point-of-care (POC) troponin. In current EMS studies, three different clinical risk scores are used in patients suspected of NSTE-ACS: the prehospital History, ECG, Age, Risk and Troponin (preHEART) score, History, ECG, Age, Risk and Troponin (HEART) score and Troponin-only Manchester Acute Coronary Syndromes (T-MACS). The preHEART score lacks external validation and there exists no prospective comparative analysis of the different risk scores within the prehospital setting. The aim of this analysis is to externally validate the preHEART score and compare the diagnostic performance of the these three clinical risk scores and POC-troponin.MethodsPrespecified analysis from a prospective, multicentre, cohort study in patients with suspected NSTE-ACS who were transported to an ED between April 2021 and December 2022 in the Netherlands. Risk stratification is performed by EMS personnel using preHEART, HEART, T-MACS and POC-troponin. The primary end point was the hospital diagnosis of NSTE-ACS. The diagnostic performance was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV).ResultsA total of 823 patients were included for external validation of the preHEART score, final hospital diagnosis of NSTE-ACS was made in 29% (n=235). The preHEART score classified 27% as low risk, with a sensitivity of 92.8% (95% CI 88.7 to 95.7) and NPV of 92.3% (95% CI 88.3 to 95.1). The preHEART classified 9% of the patients as high risk, with a specificity of 98.5% (95% CI 97.1 to 99.3) and PPV of 87.7% (95% CI 78.3 to 93.4). Data for comparing clinical risk scores and POC-troponin were available in 316 patients. No difference was found between the preHEART score and HEART score (AUROC 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.87) vs AUROC 0.80 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.85), p=0.19), and both were superior compared with T-MACS (AUROC 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79), p≤0.001 and p=0.03, respectively) and POC-troponin measurement alone (AUROC 0.71 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.78), p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively).ConclusionOn external validation, the preHEART demonstrates good overall diagnostic performance as a prehospital risk stratification tool. Both the preHEART and HEART scores have better overall diagnostic performance compared with T-MACS and sole POC-troponin measurement. These data support the implementation of clinical risk scores in prehospital clinical pathways.Trial registration numberNCT05243485.
How Much Data Is Sufficient to Learn High-Performing Algorithms?
Authors: Balcan Maria-Florina , Deblasio Dan , Dick Travis , Kingsford Carl , Sandholm Tuomas , Vitercik Ellen 
Published: July 2024

Algorithms often have tunable parameters that impact performance metrics such as runtime and solution quality. For many algorithms used in practice, no parameter settings admit meaningful worst-case bounds, so the parameters are made available for the user to tune. Alternatively, parameters may be tuned implicitly within the proof of a worst-case approximation ratio or runtime bound. Worst-case instances, however, may be rare or nonexistent in practice. A growing body of research has demonstrated that a data-driven approach to parameter tuning can lead to significant improvements in performance. This approach uses a
training set
of problem instances sampled from an unknown, application-specific distribution and returns a parameter setting with strong average performance on the training set.

We provide techniques for deriving
generalization guarantees
that bound the difference between the algorithm’s average performance over the training set and its expected performance on the unknown distribution. Our results apply no matter how the parameters are tuned, be it via an automated or manual approach. The challenge is that for many types of algorithms, performance is a volatile function of the parameters: slightly perturbing the parameters can cause a large change in behavior. Prior research [e.g.,
12
,
16
,
20
,
62
] has proved generalization bounds by employing case-by-case analyses of greedy algorithms, clustering algorithms, integer programming algorithms, and selling mechanisms. We streamline these analyses with a general theorem that applies whenever an algorithm’s performance is a piecewise-constant, piecewise-linear, or—more generally—
piecewise-structured
function of its parameters. Our results, which are tight up to logarithmic factors in the worst case, also imply novel bounds for configuring dynamic programming algorithms from computational biology.