bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY ON THE FOUR FAMILIES OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , Jannin Grégory M. , Lisi Francesco , Maillet Bertrand B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPerformance measurement is one of the most studied subjects in financial literature. Since the introduction of the Sharpe ratio in 1966, a large variety of new measures has appeared constantly in scientific journals as well as in practitioners' publications. The most complete and significant studies of performance measures, so far, have been written by Aftalion and Poncet, Le Sourd, Bacon, and Cogneau and H übner. A review of the most recent literature led us to collect several dozen measures that we classify into four families. We first present the class of relative measures, starting with the Sharpe ratio. Secondly, we analyse absolute measures, beginning with the most famous one ‐ the Jensenalpha. Thirdly, we study general measures based on specific features of the return distribution, where the pioneering contributions are those of Bernardo and Ledoit, and Keating and Shadwick. Finally, the fourth set concerns a few measures that explicitly take into account the investor's utility functions.
GuideLiner Mother‐and‐Child Guide Catheter Extension: A Simple Adjunctive Tool in PCI for Balloon Uncrossable Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: KOVACIC JASON C. , SHARMA AMIT B. , ROY SWATHI , LI JENNIFER R. , NARAYAN RAJEEV , KIM DONG‐BIN , SHARMA SAMIN K. , KINI ANNAPOORNA S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the use of the GuideLiner “mother‐and‐child” guide catheter extension system as a simple solution to facilitate initial device delivery in balloon uncrossable chronic total occlusions (CTOs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundDuring PCIs for CTO lesions, an important reason for procedural failure is the inability to deliver a balloon or microcatheter across the lesion.MethodsWe retrospectively accessed our interventional registry for 07/01/2010 to 03/21/2012 and extracted data on all CTO lesions involving GuideLiner catheter use. Cine review was performed to identify cases where a guidewire had crossed the CTO and the use of a GuideLiner catheter facilitated initial device delivery.ResultsWe identified 28 patients that underwent PCI for CTO with a GuideLiner catheter used to assist initial balloon or microcatheter advancement across the culprit lesion. Mean overall CTO length was 26.3 ± 18.1 mm. The GuideLiner catheter was successful in delivering a small balloon to the CTO lesion in 85.7% of cases (24/28). A single CTO PCI resulted in a distal guidewire perforation, but there was no hemodynamic compromise or pericardial effusion and the patient was discharged the next day. Overall procedural success in these selected cases (where a guidewire had already crossed the CTO) was 89.3% (25/28).ConclusionsThe GuideLiner mother‐and‐child catheter is a simple, safe and efficacious adjunctive device for difficult CTO PCIs where despite standard measures it is not possible to deliver an initial balloon or microcatheter across the occluded segment.
Conservative management of fractures of the third metatarsal bone in the racing greyhound
Authors: guilliard M. J. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo assess (2006 to 2012) conservative management for treatment of fractures of the third metatarsal bone (MT3) in racing greyhounds.MethodsAll racing greyhounds with MT3 fractures seen prospectively between 2006 and 2012 were included. Fracture morphology, type of conservative management, outcome and the time to a return to racing were recorded. Outcome was assessed either by communication with the trainer or by accessing the website of the Greyhound Board of Great Britain to find the complete racing history of the dog.ResultsEighteen cases were evaluated. Six had a support dressing and 12 had no external dressings, treatment consisting of kennel rest alone. Two dogs were retired from racing at the time of injury, two dogs sustained other injuries and the remainder (n=14) returned to successful racing with no loss of form.Clinical SignificanceConservative management for MT3 fractures consisting of a programme of exercise restriction carries an excellent prognosis for a return to previous racing form. External support dressings do not appear to be necessary either for the welfare of the dog or for fracture management.
‘It was caused by the carelessness of the parents’: cultural models of child malnutrition in southern Malawi
Authors: Flax Valerie L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractParents’ conceptions of child growth, health and malnutrition are culturally bound, making information about local understandings of malnutrition and its causes necessary for designing effective nutrition programmes. This study used ethnographic methods to elucidate cultural models of child care and malnutrition among the Yao of southern Malawi. Data were collected in six rural villages from 28 key informant interviews with village chiefs and traditional healers among others and 18 focus group discussions with parents and grandmothers of young children. For the Yao, lack of parental care is a key cause of poor child health and can lead to thinness (kunyililika) or swelling (kuimbangana). Parents are said to be careless if they are not attentive to the child's needs, are unable to provide adequate quality or quantity of food, or fail to follow sexual abstinence rules. Maintaining abstinence protects the family and failure to do so causes the transfer of ‘heat’ from a sexually active parent to a ‘cold’ child and results in child health problems, including signs and symptoms of malnutrition. These findings indicate that the Yao understanding of care is much broader than the concept of care during feeding described in the nutrition literature. In addition, the Yao note the importance of several key feeding practices supported by international agencies and understand the influence of illness on child nutritional status. These congruencies with the public health frame should be used together with information about the cultural context to design more socially and emotionally relevant care and nutrition programmes among the Yao.
Predicted implications of using percentage weight gain as single discharge criterion in management of acute malnutrition in rural southern Ethiopia
Authors: Forsén Emmanuel , Tadesse Elazar , Berhane Yemane , Ekström Eva‐Charlotte 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) is increasingly used in identifying and admitting children with acute malnutrition for treatment. It is easy to use because it does not involve height assessment, but its use calls for alternative discharge criteria. This study examined how use of percentage weight gain as discharge criterion would affect the nutritional status of children admitted into a community‐based management programme for acute malnutrition in rural southern Ethiopia. Non‐oedematous children (n = 631) aged 6–59 months and having a MUAC of <125 mm were studied. By simulation, 10%, 15% and 20% weight was added to admission weight and their nutritional status by weight‐for‐height z‐score (WHZ) was determined at each target. Moderate and severe wasting according to World Health Organization WHZ definitions was used as outcome. Applying the most commonly recommended target of 15% weight gain resulted in 9% of children with admission MUAC <115 mm still being moderately or severely wasted at theoretical discharge. In children with admission MUAC 115–124 mm, 10% of weight gain was sufficient to generate a similar result. Children failing to recover were the ones with the poorest nutritional status at admission. Increasing the percentage weight gain targets in the two groups to 20% and 15%, respectively, would largely resolve wasting but likely lead to increased programme costs by keeping already recovered children in the programme. Further research is needed on appropriate discharge procedures in programmes using MUAC for screening and admission.
Biomechanical changes in the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter after modified balloon dilatation in brainstem stroke patients with dysphagia
Authors: Lan Y. , Xu G. , Dou Z. , Wan G. , Yu F. , Lin T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the biomechanical changes in the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and pharyngeal function after successful dilatation therapy for dysphagia. Using high‐resolution manometry (HRM), we examined the biomechanical properties of swallowing in brainstem stroke patients with dysphagia following modified balloon dilation therapy.Methods30 brainstem stroke patients with dysphagia were included. Patients in the experimental group received 3 weeks of modified balloon dilatation treatment and regular dysphagia therapy. Patients in the control group received 3 weeks of regular dysphagia therapy only. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated before and following intervention. Functional oral intake was measured using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Pharyngeal maximum pressures and duration, UES residual pressure and duration during swallowing were measured using HRM.Key ResultsIn the experimental group, the feeding tube was able to be removed in 12 of 15 patients, vs 2 of 15 patients in the control group. The experimental group had 4‐point median improvement, while control groups only had 1‐point improvement in FOIS scores. In the experimental group, posttreatment UES relaxation and pharyngeal propulsion were both significantly improved for the three materials (p < 0.05) and UES resting pressure approximated normal. In the control group, pharyngeal propulsion was improved for water and thick liquids (p < 0.05) but not for paste material; there was no improvement in posttreatment UES relaxation for all three materials (p > 0.05).Conclusions & InferencesDysphagia therapy with modified dilatation improved UES relaxation, strengthened pharyngeal propulsion, restored UES resting pressure and improved functional oral intake to a greater extent than regular therapy alone.
Identification of gingipain‐specific I‐Ab‐restricted CD4+T cells following mucosal colonization with Porphyromonas gingivalis in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Bittner‐Eddy P.D. , Fischer L.A. , Costalonga M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryChronic periodontitis is associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Although virulence factors of P. gingivalis are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, it is unclear whether the local CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated response they elicit prevents or contributes to periodontal bone destruction. We hypothesize that major histocompatibility complex class II I‐Ab‐binding peptides existing in Kgp and RgpA are presented to CD4+ T cells during P. gingivalis oral colonization. The protein sequences of gingipains RgpA and Kgp, and OMP40 and OMP41 of P. gingivalis were scanned using an I‐Ab‐binding matrix. From this analysis we identified 53 candidate peptides that had the potential to engage the peptide‐binding groove of the I‐Ab molecule of C57BL/6 mice. An ELISpot‐based screen revealed those peptide‐primed effector/memory CD4+ T cells that could be re‐stimulated in vitro with P. gingivalis or the peptide itself to produce interleukin‐17A or interferon‐γ. Two immunodominant peptides, Kgp467–477 (pKgp) and RgpA1054–1064/Kgp1074–1084 (pR/Kgp) were identified and engineered to be displayed on I‐Ab molecular tetramers. Peptide pR/Kgp is conserved across all sequenced P. gingivalis strains. C57BL/6 mice were orally inoculated with P. gingivalis strain 53977 and cervical lymph node cells were stained with phycoerythrin‐conjugated pKgp::I‐Ab and pR/Kgp::I‐Ab tetramers. We found that only pR/Kgp::I‐Ab bound with the desired specificity to gingipain‐specific CD4+ T cells. The pR/Kgp::I‐Ab tetramer complex will allow the identification of effector/memory CD4+ T cells specific for two virulence factors of P. gingivalis strains associated with periodontal disease.
Long‐term outcome in stroke survivors after discharge from a convalescent rehabilitation ward
Authors: Mutai Hitoshi , Furukawa Tomomi , Araki Kasumi , Misawa Kousuke , Hanihara Tokiji 
Published: August 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term mortality, daily living activities, social activity, and symptoms of depression, in post‐stroke patients discharged to their homes from a convalescent rehabilitation ward, and to determine the relationship between demographic variables and long‐term outcome.MethodsThis study included 252 consecutive stroke patients (140 men; mean age, 72.4 ± 10.8 years) who had been admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward for inpatient rehabilitation. Follow‐up assessment was made by postal questionnaire for up to >1 year after discharge, and included the modified Rankin scale, Frenchay activities index (FAI), and Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsOf the 192 respondents (76.2%), 160 (83.3%) were living at home. Eighty‐three (51.8%) were independent. Cumulative post‐stroke mortality at 1 and 3 years was 3.7% and 19.4%, respectively.Mean total FAI score was 26.5 ± 10.9, suggesting that social inactivity was common. The estimated prevalence of depression was 21.6%. Coronary artery disease and motor functional independence measures were significantly associated with mortality, whereas age, recurrent stroke, severity of paralysis, and motor functional independence measures were significant predictors of independence. In the cross‐sectional logistic model, depression symptoms were inversely associated with FAI score.ConclusionsThe mortality rate of patients discharged to their home following inpatient rehabilitation is relatively low. Social inactivity and depression symptoms, however, remain common during the chronic phase, and the severity of depression and restriction of participation were interrelated.
Influence of patient characteristics on duration of seclusion/restrain in acute psychiatric settings in Japan
Authors: Noda Toshie , Sugiyama Naoya , Sato Makiko , Ito Hiroto , Sailas Eila , Putkonen Hanna , Kontio Raija , Joffe Grigori 
Published: August 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the current state of duration of seclusion/restraint in acute psychiatric settings in Japan and the effect of patient characteristics on duration of seclusion/restraint.MethodsDuring an 8‐month period starting from November 2008, duration of seclusion/restraint and patient characteristics were investigated in 694 psychiatric inpatients who experienced seclusion/restraint in three emergency and three acute wards at four psychiatric hospitals. Reasons for starting seclusion/restraint were also assessed. Analysis was performed using generalized linear models, with the duration of seclusion/restraint as the dependent variable and patient characteristics and reasons for starting seclusion/restraint as independent variables.ResultsOf the patients secluded/restrained, 58.6% had a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20–F29) and a large proportion (37.9%) were secluded/restrained due to hurting others. Median hours ofseclusion/restraint were 204 and 82 h, respectively. The duration of seclusion was longer for patients with F20–F29 than those with disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10–F19) or other diagnoses (F40–F99), and when the reason was danger of hurting others. In contrast, the duration of restraint in female patients and in patients with F10–F19 diagnosis was shorter.ConclusionThe duration of seclusion/restraint at acute psychiatric care wards in Japan are much longer than those reported by previous overseas studies. Although Japanese structure issues such as more patients per ward and a lower ratio of nurses need to be considered, skills for dealing with patients with primary diagnosis of F20–F29 secluded due to danger posed to others should be improved.
Noneism, Ontology, and Fundamentality
Authors: von Solodkoff Tatjana , Woodward Richard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the recent literature on all things metaontological, discussion of a notorious Meinongian doctrine—the thesis that some objects have no kind of being at all—has been conspicuous by its absence. And this is despite the fact that this thesis is the central element of the noneist metaphysics of Richard Routley (1980) and Graham Priest (2005). In this paper, we therefore examine the metaontological foundations of noneism, with a view to seeing exactly how the noneist's approach to ontological inquiry differs from the orthodox Quinean one. We proceed by arguing that the core anti‐Quinean element in noneism has routinely been misidentified: rather than concerning Quine's thesis that to be is to be the value of a variable, the real difference is that the noneist rejects what we identify as Quine's “translate‐and‐deflate” methodology. In rejecting this aspect of Quinean orthodoxy, the noneist is in good company: many of those who think that questions of fundamentality should be the proper focus of ontological inquiry can be read as rejecting it too. Accordingly, we then examine the differences between the noneist's conception of ontology and that offered by the fundamentalist. We argue that these two anti‐Quinean approaches differ in terms of their respective conceptions of the theoretical role associated with the notion of being. And the contrast that emerges between them is, in the end, an explanatory one.
Electrophysiological responses to visuospatial regularity
Authors: Makin Alexis D. J. , Rampone Giulia , Pecchinenda Anna , Bertamini Marco 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHumans are quicker to detect reflectional than rotational or translational symmetry, despite the fact that these patterns are equally regular. We were interested in the neural correlates of these perceptual effects. Participants viewed random, reflection, rotation, and translation patterns while we recorded EEG from the scalp. Half the participants classified the pattern regularity overtly, the other half did not explicitly attend to pattern regularity but reported rare oddball trials, where two squares were embedded among the dots. The amplitude of a symmetry‐related ERP known as the sustained posterior negativity was most pronounced for reflection, then rotation and translation. We suggest that reflectional symmetry, despite its biological significance, may not be processed by unique visual mechanisms, but instead it could be a preferred stimulus for a more general regularity‐sensitive network in the extrastriate visual cortex.
Who governs? Delegations and delegates in global trade lawmaking
Authors: Halliday Terence C. , Pacewicz Josh , Block‐Lieb Susan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWho governs in the international organizations (IOs) that promulgate global norms on trade and commercial law? Using a new analytic approach, this paper focuses on previously invisible attributes of a global legislature – the state and non‐state delegations and delegates that create universal norms for international trade and commercial law through the most prominent trade law legislature, the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Based on ten years of fieldwork, extensive interviews, and unique data on delegation and delegate attendance and participation in UNCITRAL's Working Group on Insolvency, we find that the inner core of global trade lawmakers at UNCITRAL represent a tiny and unrepresentative subset of state and non‐state actors. This disjunction between UNCITRAL's public face, which accords with a global norm of democratic governance, and its private face, where dominant states and private interests prevail, raises fundamental questions about legitimacy and efficacy of representation in global lawmaking.
Multivariate ratio analysis reveals Trigonoderus pedicellarisThomson (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) as a valid species
Authors: LÁSZLÓ ZOLTÁN , BAUR HANNES , TÓTHMÉRÉSZ BÉLA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate by multivariate ratio analysis (MRA) the validity of two female colour morphs as separate species in what was previously regarded as a single species, Trigonoderus cyanescens (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). As a result, T. pedicellaris Thomson, 1878 stat.r., is resurrected from synonymy under T. cyanescens and T. filatus binubilatus Erdős, 1960 syn.n. is synonymized with T. cyanescens. More than 20 characters were measured as part of two MRA dataset analyses. The first analysis excluded all measurements related to the gaster, whereas the second included gaster length, gaster breadth and seventh gaster tergite breadth. The first analysis revealed that the best separating morphometric ratios for the two species are head breadth:metatibia length and OOL:parastigma length, whereas the second analysis revealed OOL:gaster length as the second best separating ratio. The measurement error of all characters was below the admissible level of 30%. Gaster length proved to be a good character for separating the two groups, showed the lowest measurement error, and its percentage coefficient of variation was not greater than for other characters. This indicates that gaster length should not be discarded out‐of‐hand as a morphometric character in Pteromalidae. The variables that gave the best separating ratios included different body parts; therefore we suggest that the body of a specimen should be taken as a whole for use in MRA analyses, where each distance measurement can interact freely with any other. A key, figures and re‐descriptions of T. cyanescens and T. pedicellaris are provided.
What attributes of patients affect their involvement in safety? A key opinion leaders’ perspective
Authors: Buetow Stephen , Davis Rachel , Callaghan Kathleen , Dovey Susan 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveLittle is known about which attributes the patients need when they wish to maximise their capability to partner safely in healthcare. We aimed to identify these attributes from the perspective of key opinion leaders.DesignDelphi study involving indirect group interaction through a structured two-round survey.SettingInternational electronic survey.Participants11 (65%) of the 17 invited internationally recognised experts on patient safety completed the study.Outcome measures50 patient attributes were rated by the Delphi panel for their ability to contribute maximally to safe health care.ResultsThe panellists agreed that 13 attributes are important for patients who want to maximise the role of safe partners. These domains relate to: autonomy, awareness, conscientiousness, knowledge, rationality, responsiveness and vigilance; for example, important attributes of autonomy include the ability to speak up, freedom to act and ability to act independently. Spanning seven domains, the attributes emphasise intellectual attributes and, to a lesser extent, moral attributes.ConclusionsWhereas current safety discourses emphasise attributes of professionals, this study identified thepatientattributes which key opinion leaders believe can maximise the capability of patients to partner safely in healthcare. Further research is needed that asks patients about the attributes they believe are most important.