bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen am System Spiropyran + Säure ⇄ Farbsalz / Investigations on the System Spiropyran + Acid ⇄ Pyrylium Salt
Authors: Arnold G. , Paal G. , Vollmer H.-P. 
Published: February 2015

We could prove that the system spiropyran/acid/pyrylium salt follows the equilibrium relation Spiropyran+acid ⇄ pyrylium salt.
This color reaction can be used as an indicatory system. In this case the acid has to be produced instandaneously within the system. For this the spiropyran is mixed with a HX-donor which splits off a hydrogen halide HX by uv-irradiation. The coloration mechanism of layers consisting of spiropyran + HX-donor+matric forming polymer depends on the wavelength of the actinic radiation. Long wavelength uv-irradiation shows energy transfer, while only short wavelength uv-irradiation causes the primary process in the HX-donor
Das Bürzeldrüsensekret des Eissturmvogels (Fulmarus glacialis)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Zeman Alfred 
Published: February 2015

The uropygial (preen) gland fat of the fulmar (fulmarus glacialis) was shown to be a complex mixture of ester waxes. Acidic components were homologous series of 3-, 4- and 6-monomethylsubstituted, and 2,6-, as well as 3,7-dimethyl-substituted fatty acids. Besides, 2-methyl, 2,4-, 4,6-, and 4,8-dimethyl-substituted fatty acids could be detected.
The alcoholic components belonged to homologous series of n-alkanols, and 2-, 4-, and 6-methyl-substituted primary alkanols. Furthermore, 14-methyl-hexadecanol could be identified.
Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen an basischen Triphenylmethan-Farbstoffen in Methanol / Investigations of Equilibria on Basic Triphenylmethane-dyes in Methanol
Authors: Broser Waldemar , Fleischhauer Heinrich 
Published: February 2015

The pKs* of the equilibrium between the monoacid dyecation and the methylester of twelve organometalically synthesised triphenylmethane dyes were measured spectrophotometrically in methanolic buffer solutions.
The pKs of the water-soluble dyes were used to derive an equation, which allows calculation of the pKs (aqueous) of the water-insoluble dyes.
The experimental equilibrium constants, which can be interpreted by HMO calculations, satisfy the Hammett ρ-σ-equation.
The Juvenile Hormone-like Effect of Farnesol Derivatives on the Pupal Development of Cerura vinula L.
Authors: Hintze-Podufal Ch. 
Published: February 2015

The two synthetic farnesol derivatives, farnesyl methyl ether and the dihydrochloride of ethylfarnesoate were found to be morphogenetically effective in a distinguishable manner in the last larval instar of Cerura vinula L. by topical application assays. The juvenile hormone-like activity of the two substances correlates with the amount of applied substances and a critical time interval to the prepupal processes. In spite of the deficiency of some prepupal processes, it is possible, that the pupal moult occurs after a long period of delay.
The time lapse of the pupal development is suggested to be dependent upon some balance of the hormones of the prothoracic glands, ecdysone, and the juvenile hormone of the corpora allata.
Zum Mechanismus der katalytischen Hydrierung von Maleinsäuredimethylester und 1-Hepten mit RhH(CO)(PΦ3)3 in Toluol / Mechanism of Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dimethyl-Maleate and 1-Heptene with RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3)3 in Toluene
Authors: Strohmeier W. , Rehder-Stirnweiss W. 
Published: February 2015

In contrary to catalytic hydrogenation of 1-hexene and 1-decene with RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3) 3 in benzene in toluene as a solvent the reaction rate r can be represented by the equation
1/r=K/k1·[H2] · [M]0 · [M]0· [Κa]0+Ka]o+1/k1 · [H2] · [Ka]0,
yet, only in a very small concentration range of substrate 1-heptene [=M]. However, if free ligand ΡΦ3, was added to the reaction mixture, formation of the more active catalyst RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3) 2 was supressed and r could be measured only for the catalyst RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3)3
s. In this case kinetic data can be represented by the equation 1/r proportional 1/[M]0.
Vergleichende Analyse der nach den Extraktionsmethoden von Kirby und Georgiev aus Mäuseleber extrahierten RNS-Fraktionen / Analysis of the RNA Fractions of Mouse Liver: Comparison of the Extraction Methods of Kirby and Georgiev
Authors: Hennig W. , Kunz W. , Schnieders B. , Williams K. 
Published: February 2015

Ribonucleic acids labeled with 14C- or 3H-orotic acids, respectively were extracted from aliquots of mouse liver homogenates according to the cold-phenol-method of Kirby or the method of Georgiev employing different temperature steps.
This comparative analysis showed that only ca. 50% of the total labeled RNA was extracted by the Kirby method. Especially the high molecular D-RNA and R-RNA were not sufficiently extracted, as was demonstrated by hydroxyapatite- and methylalbumin-Kieselgur column chromatography.
Reextraction of the tissue at 65 °C first extracted by the Kirby method resulted in a recovery of most of the missing nucleic acid species.
Therefore, results obtained by the Kirby and Georgiev methods will be different in regard to the nucleic acid composition. These findings could explain contradictary results about this problem in literature.
Effect of proteolytic and lipolytic Enzymes on the Electron Transport Particle Fraction of Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Boll M. 
Published: February 2015

Treatment of the electron transport membrane fraction of Rhodospirillum rubrum with phospholipase A from the venom of Naja Naja resulted in a stimulation of NADH- and succinate-cytochrome c-reductase of the electron transfer chain. The mechanism of this stimulation appears to be identical with that found in the presence of the anionic detergent deoxycholate. At the same time the NADH oxidase system is inactivated while NADH- and succinate dehydrogenase remain unaffected. None of the activities mentioned becomes solubilized as the result of phospholipase action; likewise no protein is released. The stimulated activities, the kinetic properties of which remain unchanged, are inactivated by proteases at significantly slower rates than those of particles not treated with phospholipase A. The phospholipases C and D were found to be without any effect on the membranes.
The following additional information was obtained with phospholipase A in the system studied here: The enzyme from Naja Naja venom does not require Ca2⊕ for activity. Phospholipase A prepared from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus is completely ineffective with the electron transfer activities of the particulate fraction.
Wirkung von osmotischem Schock und Triton-Behandlung auf den Sorbose-Transport von Neurospora-Zellen / Effects of osmotic shock and triton treatment on sorbose transport in Neurospora
Authors: Hack Alfons , Klingmüller Walter 
Published: February 2015

1. Conidia of Neurospora crassa were either subjected to osmotic shock or treated with the detergent triton X-100. A decrease in the amount of 14C-sorbose taken up, as measured by means of the millipore filter technique, served as criterium for the efficiency of both procedures. Treated cells were either a) pregerminated with fructose, b) ungerminated but preincubated with sorbose or c) ungerminated and not preincubated, to check for a possible loss of fructose-inducible, sorbose-inducible or constitutive transport components respectively.
2. In contrast to reports for bacteria, osmotic shock by transferring conidia from 30 - 60% sucrose solutions to 5·10-4м MgCl2-solution after 5 minutes did not decrease transport activity. Rather there was an increase in the amount of sorbose taken up after such treatment (Table 1). However, if sucrose was replaced by concentrated minearl salts solution (Vogels minimal 4.75 м stock solution) a drastic decrease of sorbose uptake was observed in conidia pregerminated with fructose (Fig. 1).
Ungerminated conidia preincubated with sorbose did not respond to a shock with mineral salts solution; they did however respond, if 2% triton was added to the salts solution (Table 2). Triton alone was uneffective under comparable conditions (Table 2), but it became effective if the triton concentration was increased and the duration of treatment was extended to 30 minutes (Fig. 2). Ungerminated, not preincubated conidia showed the same reduction of sorbose uptake if treated with triton in this way (Fig. 2).
3. Whenever a decrease of sorbose uptake was observed, it was correlated with a decrease in cell survival. However, the amount of killing does not suffice to explain in full the decrease in sorbose uptake per sample. Thus even surviving cells demonstrate a decrease of sorbose uptake, the reasons for which are considered as follows:
a) Cells preloaded with 14C-sorbose show the same rate of sorbose efflux, whether shocked with mineral salts solution or not (Fig. 3). The shock therefore does not cause an unspecific leakiness of the cell wall or membrane.
b) Oxygen consumption in cell suspensions, as measured by an oxygen macro electrode, is strongly retarded for fructose pregerminated cells which have been shocked with mineral salts solution (Fig. 4). This retardation together with killing is fully sufficient to explain the decrease in sorbose uptake observed. Ungerminated cells preincubated with sorbose do not show this effect, not even after prolonged treatment with triton, when their ability to take up sorbose is reduced. Hence, in such material a loss of specific transport components is indicated.
Biochemische Darstellung stereospezifish Wasserstoff-markierter Verbindungen im präparativen Maßstab III. Gewinnung von [2.3-H*](2R,3R)-Carbonsäuren und Derivaten durch Fermentation oder Austausch mit Clostridium kluyveri / Biochemical Synthesis of Stereospecifically Hydrogen Labelled Compounds in a Preparative Scale III. Preparation of [2,3-H*](2R,3R) -Carbonic Acids and Derivatives by Fermentation or Exchange with Clostridium kluyveri
Authors: La Roche Hans-Jürgen , Simon Helmut , Kellner Max , Günther Helmut 
Published: February 2015

Clostridium kluyveri ferments crotonate in D2O or H2O/ΗΤΟ and forms [2,3-H] (2R,3R) -butyrate. This was chemically converted to [1,2-H]*(1R,2R) -propylamine, [2-H] (2R) -propylamine, [2-H] (2R) -propionate and [1-H] (1R) -ethylamine. ORD curves of the deuterated compounds have been measured.
C. kluyveri ferments also other α,β-enoyl compounds and shows exchange reactions with butyrate homologues and derivatives.
Über die Ionen-Abhängigkeit des Rezeptorpotentials der Retina von Astacus leptodactylus / The Ion-dependence of the Receptor Potential of the Visual Cell of the Crayfish
Authors: Stieve H. , Wirth Chr. 
Published: February 2015

The mass response of the photoreceptor cells of the isolated crayfish-retina (Astacus leptodactylus) (receptor potential ReP) resulting from short and long light stimuli, has been measured with external electrodes.
The ionic composition of the saline by which the preparation was perfused was changed and the influence of those changes on the ReP was measured under constant stimulus conditions.
When all sodium ions are substituted by potassium ions, the height of the ReP is reversibly both decreased and shortened (Figs. 3 and 4).
When all sodium ions are almost substituted by choline ions, (the remaining sodium concentration at the photoreceptor cells being less than 1 mMol/Z) the sensitivity to light adaptation is drastically and reversibly increased. Mainly due to light adaptation the ReP becomes smaller and shorter whereas the latency period increases (Figs. 5 - 8).
If the concentration of extracellular calcium is reduced to less than 0.1 mMol/l, the decrease of the REP is considerably and reversibly slowed down while the increase of the REP remains almost unchanged (Fig. 9). If magnesium ions are also lacking the effect is even more pronounced (Figs. 10 and 11).
All these changes of the ReP are probably due to actions of the ions on the membrane of the photoreceptor cells or its immediate vicinity.
The results do not allow an unequivocal decision whether the ReP is due to an increased conductance (CIM) of the photoreceptor cell membrane or due to a change in the action of an electrogenic ion pump (EPM). But considering the results as a whole, and especially those from the low Ca- and low Mg-experiments, it seems unlikely that the ReP is caused by an EPM.
Untersuchungen über die Bindung pflanzlicher Wuchsstoffe an verschiedene Komponenten des Chromatins in vitro. I. Bindung an DNS / Investigations Upon the Binding of Plant Growth Substances to Several Components of the Chromatin in vitro. I. Binding to DNA
Authors: Fellenberg Günter 
Published: February 2015

At pH 9,5 the DNA absorption maximum at 190 nm was shifted to 212 nm. This absorption maximum showed a bathochrome effect in the presence of IAA, GA and KI. The amplitude of this maximum was reduced at the same time. By addition of urea (0.1 —2.0 moles/l) the bathochrome effect, induced by the growth substances, was completely reversed, whereas application of NaCl (0.1 — 2.0 moles/l) did not affect the bathochrome movement of this DNA maximum. At pH 6.0 in the presence of 0.9% NaCl this DNA maximum did not show any visible bathochrome movement in the presence of the growth substances investigated. The DNA maximum at 260 nm did not show any alteration in the presence of growth substances.
The thermal denaturation of DNA-complexes with IAA and GA showed, that with increasing concentration of these growth substances, the Tm-value of the DNA was reduced. On the other hand, KI increased the Tm-point of DNA. By biphasic melting at 260 nm and 280 nm no specific effect of the investigated growth substances on the stability of the A — T or G—C pairs was detected.
Tryptophan and β-NAA closely related in structure to the auxins IAA and α-NAA did not reduce the Tm-value of DNA.
At pH &lt; 7 IAA, GA and KI did not show any detectable influence on the Tm-value of DNA.
The data presented show that at a pH &gt; 7 IAA, GA and KI are obviously bound to DNA by hydrogen bonds. There is evidence that these bonds are very unstable. Nevertheless, IAA and GA can loosen part of the hydrogen bonds of DNA double helix while KI cannot. Possible consequences of these growth substance effects on DNA are discussed.
Mößbauer- und Raman-Spektren von Fe(O2PF2)3 und Fe(O2PCl2)3 / Mössbauer- and Raman-Spectra of Fe (O2PF2) 3 and Fe (O2PCl2)3
Authors: Pebler J. , Dehnicke K. 
Published: February 2015

From Mössbauer spectra of Fe (O2PF2)3 and Fe (O2PCl2) follows a distortion of the symmetric octahedral environment of Fe (III). Whereas in Fe (O2PCl2)3 only O-Atoms are ligands of Fe (III) in Fe (O2PF2) 3 both O- and F-Atoms have ligand-functions.
Simple ionic forces between Fe (III) and the Dihalogenphosphatogroups are excluded as a result of Raman spectra.
Über die Biogenese von Aromastoffen bei Pflanzen und Früchten / About the Biogenesis of Aroma-Substances in Plants and Fruits
Authors: Tressl Roland , Drawert Friedrich 
Published: February 2015

Banana slices metabolize 8-14C-octanoic acid via β-oxidation to ketones, alcohols, and fatty acids depending on the climacteric state of the fruits. Simultaneously, esterification of the octanoic acid and its reduction to octanol take place. The latter was found as alkyl component in various esters.
As the typical banana-aroma component cis-hepten- (4) -ol- (2) was found. The position of the double bond was determined by treatment with osmium tetroxide, sililation of the resulting hydroxycompound, and mass spectrometric fragmentation.
Strawberries have a similar composition of the aroma but cis-hepten- (4) -ol- (2) was not formed.
The occurence of 14C-labelled oenanth- and valeric acid is explained by α-oxidation.
Die verzweigten Fettsäuren von Staphylococcus aureus, eine gaschromatographisch-massenspektrometrische Analyse / The Branched Chain Fatty Acids of Staphylococcus aureus, a Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Egge Heinz , Murawski Uwe , Chatranon Wirapong , Zilliken Fritz 
Published: February 2015

The fatty acid methylesters prepared by transesterification of the total lipid extract of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 were analysed by gas chromatography on thin film capillaries coated with polyphenylether (OS 138), siliconerubber (SE 30) and S.C.O.T. columns coated with Diethyleneglycoladipatepolyester (DEGA) in combination with mass spectrometry. Among the branched chain fatty acids ranging from C11- C21 the iso- and anteiso-C15 acids are predominant.
In the group of the C15 and C17 acids branching in position 9 and 10 was also found. No unsaturated branched chain fatty acids could be detected. Retention data and mass spectra of the branched chain fatty acids are presented.
II. The RNA Replication of Hydroxylamine-inactivated Polioviruses
Authors: Borgert Karin , Wecker Eberhard , Koschel Klaus 
Published: February 2015

If cells are exposed to a mixture of hydroxylamine inactivated and infectious viruses the total rate of viral RNA-replication is lower than if the cells are infected with the same number of infectious viruses alone. This inhibitory influence of inactivated viruses depends on the ratio of infectious: inactivated viruses in the inoculum. One lethal hit by hydroxylamine suffices to produce the effect. In fact, viruses with few lethal hits inhibit more strongly than those with many lethal hits in their genome.
There is also no replication of viral RNA with lethal hits if the cells are infected simultaneously both with active and inactive virus.
Molecular Interaction of ʟ-Tryptophan with Bases, Ribonucleosides and DNA
Authors: Arcaya G. , Pantoja M. E. , Pieber M. , Romero C. , Tohá J. C. 
Published: February 2015

The interaction of L-aromatic aminoacids with bases and nucleosides is described.
Of these, ʟ-tryptophan interacts more strongly with bases and nucleosides as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and solubility measurements.
A possible ring-ring type interaction between the aminoacid and bases or nucleosides is proposed; this interaction being such that the hydrodinamic behaviour of the DNA molecule is unchanged.
Ultra violet irradiated DNA is protected by ʟ-tryptophan. A mechanism of energy transfer from the DNA to tryptophan trough triplet-triplet states is discussed.
Photoreactivity (365 nm) of Some Coumarins and 4′,5′-dihydro-furocoumarins with Nucleic acids
Authors: Marciani S. , Dall’Acqua F. , Guelfi L. , Vedaldi D. 
Published: February 2015

The Authors have studied the capacity to photoreact with native DNA and r-RNA using six coumarins and four 4′,5′-dihydro-furo-coumarins. Six of these substances have shown a definite photoreactivity both with DNA and r-RNA, even if in a very much lower extent in respect to that of skin-photosensitizing furocoumarins.
The low capacity to photoreact with nucleic acids of these substances is discussed, also in connection with the absence of skin-photosensitizing activity.
Untersuchungen über das Verhalten von Graphitelektroden in nichtwäßrigen Elektrolyten / Investigation of the Behaviour of Graphite Electrodes in Nonaqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Besenhard Jürgen , Fritz Heinz P. 
Published: February 2015

The behaviour of graphite electrodes in organic electrolytes sufficiently stable to oxidation (e. g. LiClO4 in propylene carbonate) has been investigated by potentiostatic and galvanostatic measurements.
Strongly oxidising products are obtained by electrochemical oxidation of graphite in such electrolytes; this reaction shows good reversibility and charge efficiency. The results point at the existence of graphite intercalation compounds.
Control of Fatty Acid and Lipid Biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis by Ammonia, Light and DCMU
Authors: Pohl P. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2015

When Euglena gracilis was grown under white (fluorescent) light in media containing high concentrations of ammonium chloride (more than 0.005%), the main lipids synthesized were monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, sulfolipid and the all cis △7,10-16:2, △7,10,13-16:3, △4,7,10,13-16:4, △9,12-18:2 and △9,12,15-18:3 fatty acids. At low levels of ammonium (less than 0.002%) these compounds were produced only in small amounts, while neutral lipids, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and the 14:0, 16:0 and 16:1 fatty acids predominated.
When Euglena gracilis was grown in white light in the presence of dichlorophenyldimethylurea (DCMU) or in the dark, fatty acid and lipid biosyntheses followed the same pattern as in white light at low levels of ammonium. Similar results were obtained when nitrate served as the only nitrogen source in the light and in the dark.
The results indicate that in Euglena gracilis there are a light independent and a light and ammonium dependent pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis. Both pathways seem to be in association with specific lipids.
Influence of UV-Light on Gene-Conversion in Neurospora
Authors: Hammerl Hans , Klingmüller Walter 
Published: February 2015

1. Crosses between wild type (dark ascospores) and the asco-mutant (light ascospores) were set up and the spores collected as unordered octads. The analysis of 1317 such octads revealed 69 with abnormal segregation of the asco-marker (5.2%). If crosses were irradiated with UV at a dose equivalent to 66% conidial killing, an increase of the number of aberrant octads was found. This increase was most pronounced if the crosses were exposed to the irradiation from one day before to 2 days after plasmogamy, when up to 8.7% aberrant octads were obtained. No effect was observed from 4 days after plasmogamy until the end of the sexual cycle.
2. The relative frequency of the 8 possible types of aberrant octads was analyzed separately for experiments without and for experiments with UV-irradiation. The distribution of these frequencies was the same for unirradiated and irradiated crosses, a finding which suggests that the conversion mechanism acting spontaneously and that acting upon UV-irradiation may be identical. In both cases, there was a strong bias in favour of octads of the 2 : 6 type (giving wild spores first) as compared to such of the 6: 2 type, also the frequency of the 0 : 8 type was higher than that of the 8 : 0 type. Hence, the conversion mechanism in this cross “prefers” to act from the wildtype to the mutant allele.
In Vitro Studium der Trägerproteine von 3H-markierten juvenilhormonwirksamen Verbindungen in der Hämolymphe von Tenebrio molitor L. Larven / In Vitro Study of the Carrier Proteins of 3H-labelled Juvenile Hormone Active Compounds in the Haemolymph of Tenebrio molitor L. Larvae
Authors: Trautmann K. Heinz 
Published: February 2015

The labelling of Methyl 7,11-dichloro-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-dodecenoate and Methyl 10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-cis/trans-dodecenoate with tritium by methylation of the acids with diazomethane in the presence of carrier-free tritium water and the hydrogenation of 10,11-Epoxy-6,7-cis-2,3-trans/cis-farnesyl propynyl ether with titrium gas gave high spec. radioactivities (3.7; 0.49 and 25 Ci/mMol).
The strong binding of these hormones to the haemolymph proteins of white newly moulted and of colored larvae was demonstrated by gelfiltration with sephadex G-25.
The disc-electrophoretic identification of the carrier proteins in the haemolymph of colored larvae showed that the hormones are approximately total bound by the hormone binding factor of a lipoprotein band.
In the haemolymph of white newly moulted larvae there is a second hormone binding band beside the lipoprotein band with similar binding capacity.