bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and statistical study of strength properties of FDM-printed specimens made from ABS, PLA and PETG plastics depending on the percentage and structure of filling
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Nikitin Nikita , Yanushevich Oleg , Krikheli Natella , Khmyrov Roman , Strunevich Daniil , Soloninkin Mihail , Pinargote Nestor Washington Solis , Smirnov Anton , Peretyagin Pavel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

One of the key factors in the manufacturing of products using fused deposition method (FDM) or layer-by-layer printing technology is the material intensity of the product. The task of reducing the amount of material required to manufacture the product without significant loss in mechanical properties is one of the most practically important. In the presented work it is shown that using the Combs filling type and materials of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) plastics it is possible to achieve material savings up to 23% at 50% filling (for PLA) and 17% at 25% filling (for PETG) without significant loss in the strength of the product (except for samples made of PLA plastic with 100% filling and Lateral filling type). Application of Kruskell-Wallis test and Dunn's criterion with Bonferroni multiple comparison correction showed that there were no statistically significant differences within the strength limits of samples made by FDM printing technology from PLA and PETG plastics (p-value = 0.0514), as well as samples with Triangle and Grid filling type (p-value = 1). Based on this result, three groups of samples statistically significantly differing in ultimate strength were identified by methods of hierarchical cluster analysis; in each group (except for group 1, which included samples made of PLA plastic with Lateral filling type and 100% filling), correlation analysis was performed (Spearman correlation was used). The results of the correlation analysis showed a stable average correlation between the percentage of filling, modulus along the secant 0.05–0.2% strain, ultimate strength and strain corresponding to the yield strength. Analysis of the correlation graph showed that the main parameter correlating with all mechanical properties of the specimen is the 0.05–0.2% strain modulus. Based on this conclusion, robust regression equations predicting the 0.05–0.2% strain modulus as a function of the percentage of specimen filling were constructed for the two selected groups. Analysis of the equations showed that in the third group of specimens, the average modulus of 0.05–0.2% strain is more than twice the modulus of 0.05–0.2% strain in the second group. The detected statistical regularities can be explained by the mechanism of strain hardening, the actual value of which depends on the type of defect structure and properties of the material used in the manufacture of samples. It is necessary to distinguish between macro and micro defects present in the final product, the structure and distribution of which affects the strain hardening value.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi richness reduces soil N 2 O emissions while increasing maize grain nitrogen uptake
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Feng Cheng , Wang Ruofei , Giri Bhoopander , Li Xing , Gilliam Frank S , Zhang Ziwei , Tian Minghui , Cheng Lei , Zhang Xuelin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant nutrient uptake, especially nitrogen, which may affect soil nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. However, little is known about how different AMF species or their richness may influence the production of N2O, a greenhouse gas. Three AMF species were selected in this study: Funneliformis mosseae, Acaulospora scrobiculata, and Gigaspora margarita, and eight treatments were used to determine the effect of each AMF species and combinations of AMF species on soil N2O emission. Maize (Zea mays L.) was used as a host plant. The results showed that AMF inoculants alone and in combination increased maize root length, root surface area, grain yield, and nitrogen uptake compared to the uninoculated control (without AMF), and simultaneously reducing soil N2O emission. Soil N2O emission declined with increasing AMF species richness, but there was no difference in maize nitrogen uptake between mixtures of two or three AMF species. The presence of multiple AMF species also reduced the relative abundance of Sphingomonadales, revealing that AMF species richness influences bacterial community composition. Taken together, soil N2O emission was negatively related to maize root surface area, root volume, root weight, and plant nitrogen uptake, but positively related to the abundance of Sphingomonadales. These results suggest that the presence of different AMF species could reduce N2O emission by regulating plant nitrogen uptake and soil bacteria composition, having vital implications in the field of restoration ecology and mycorrhizal technology.
Substances and substance combinations among accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths (AATDs) in Canada from 2016 to 2017
Authors: Ahmad Raahyma , Kakkar Tanya , Rotondo Jenny , Hamilton Keltie , Bowes Matthew , Jones Graham , Soo Cindy Leung , VanSteelandt Amanda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Canada has seen a rise in substance-related accidental acute toxicity deaths (AATDs) in recent years. Research indicates that fentanyl opioids, non-fentanyl opioids, and stimulants are classes of concern and that multidrug AATDs have increased. However, there is limited information regarding the specific substances involved. This study aims to identify the substances and substance combinations as well as substance classes and substance class combinations most often involved in AATDs across Canada between 2016 and 2017. It also examines variations in substances by year and across sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors.
Methods
Data were abstracted from the coroner and medical examiner files of all AATDs that occurred across Canada between 2016 and 2017. Top substances and classes detected in or contributing to AATDs were identified based on toxicology reports and cause of death statements. AATDs were stratified by year of death, age, sex, residence community type, neighbourhood income quintile, and province/region to understand variations in the substances contributing to AATDs. Combinations of substances and classes contributing to death were examined with UpSet plots and trends of select substances were visualized over time with ribbon charts. An algorithm was developed to report the source and origin of the substances based on prescription history and scene evidence.
Results
Fentanyl, cocaine, alcohol, and methamphetamine were the top substances contributing to the 7,902 AATDs identified between 2016 and 2017 in Canada. While stimulants and opioids were the most common substance classes contributing to AATDs, other classes, including benzodiazepines and acetaminophen also emerged as classes among the top contributors. Between 2016 and 2017, the proportion of AATDs attributable to diacetylmorphine (heroin) per quarter decreased while the proportion of AATDs attributable to carfentanil per quarter increased. AATDs involving more than one substance occurred across all sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and geographic groups. Substances contributing to AATDs more commonly originated from non-pharmaceutical sources than from pharmaceutical sources.
Conclusions and impacts:
Specific substances and substance combinations contributing to deaths vary over time and geographic areas. Opioids and stimulants are both detected in and contribute to a majority of AATDs, but the substance-related acute toxicity death crisis is complex and attributable to many substance classes. Understanding these differences will allow for targeted substance-related policies, prevention, and harm reduction efforts.
Quality Assurance of Hyperspectral Imaging Systems for Neural Network supported Plant Phenotyping
Authors: Detring Justus , Barreto Abel , Mahlein Anne-Katrin , Paulus Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
This research proposes an easy to apply quality assurance pipeline for hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems used for plant phenotyping. Furthermore, a concept for the analysis of quality assured hyperspectral images to investigate plant disease progress is proposed. The quality assurance was applied to a handheld line scanning HSI-system consisting of evaluating spatial and spectral quality parameters as well as the integrated illumination. To test the spatial accuracy at different working distances, the sine-wave-based spatial frequency response (s-SFR) was analysed. The spectral accuracy was assessed by calculating the correlation of calibration-material measurements between the HSI-system and a non-imaging spectrometer. Additionally, different illumination systems were evaluated by analysing the spectral response of sugar beet canopies. As an usecase, time series HSI measurements of sugar beet plants infested with Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) were performed to estimate the disease severity using convolutional neural network (CNN) supported data analysis.
Results:
The measurements of the calibration material were highly correlated with those of the non-imaging spectrometer (r \(&#x003E;\) 0.99). The resolution limit was narrowly missed at each of the tested working distances. Slight sharpness differences within individual images could be detected. The use of the integrated LED illumination for HSI can causes a distortion of the spectral response at 677 \(nm\) and 752$nm$. The performance for CLS diseased pixel detection of the established CNN was sufficient to estimate a reliable disease severity progression from quality assured hyperspectral measurements with external illumination.
Conclusion:
The quality assurance pipeline was successfully applied to evaluate a handheld HSI-system. The s-SFR analysis is a valuable method for assessing the spatial accuracy of HSI-systems. Comparing measurements between HSI-systems and a non-imaging spectrometer can provide reliable results on the spectral accuracy of the tested system. This research emphasizes the importance of evenly distributed diffuse illumination for HSI. Although the tested system showed shortcomings in image resolution, sharpness, and illumination, the high spectral accuracy of the tested HSI-system, supported by external illumination, enabled the establishment of a neural network-based concept to determine the severity and progression of CLS. The data driven quality assurance pipeline can be easily applied to any other HSI-system to ensure high quality HSI.
Mechanically deformable organic ferroelectric crystal with adaptive shape locking
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Pei-Zhi , Ni Haofei , Luo Jia-Qi , Gele Teri , Jia Qiangqiang , Zhuang Bo , wang changfeng , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Fu Da-Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The ability of mechanical deformation and adaptive shape locking exerts in bulk crystals would offer great promise for ferroelectrics to enable emerging and exciting applications. However, conventional ferroelectric crystals generally suffer from poorly mechanical properties, inherent brittleness and easy to fracture. Here, by implementing fluorination on negative dipoles, we successfully designed a flexible organic ferroelectric phenylethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PEA-TFMS) capable of shape-changing and locking with outstanding mechanical deformability in its bulk crystals. To our knowledge, it is the first observation since the discovery of organic ferroelectric crystal triglycine sulfate in 1956. Compared to parent PEA-MS (phenylethylammonium mesylate), fluorination subtly alters ionic orientation and interactions to reorganize dipole arrangement, which not only bring switchable spontaneous polarization but also endow PEA-TFMS crystal with directly macroscopical bent and spiral deformability, making it competitive candidates for flexible and wearable devices. Our work will bring inspiration for obtaining mechanically deformable organic ferroelectric crystals toward flexible electronics.
An optimized disease resistance gene cloning workflow for wheat
Authors: Wang Yajun , Lu Jing , Athiyannan Naveenkumar , Ouyang Yi , Wulff Brande , Krattinger Simon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The cloning of disease resistance genes in wheat has been disproportionately slow, tedious and costly because of the large and complex genome. Wheat gene cloning projects in the late 1990s and early 2000s were multi-year endeavors, often spanning a decade or longer. The development of genomics-assisted gene cloning tools and speed breeding have significantly accelerated gene cloning in wheat over the past years. Here, we present an optimized, high-throughput disease resistance gene cloning workflow that allows to identify candidate genes in less than six months. As a proof-of-principle, we cloned the stem rust resistance gene Sr6, which has been a historically relevant source of resistance to confine a major stem rust outbreak in North America in the mid-20th century. Sr6 encodes a BED-domain-containing nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor. Our work exemplifies the progress in wheat disease resistance gene cloning. The workflow described here provides a basis to tackle the systematic cloning of all the genetically described disease resistance genes by the wheat community, which will allow knowledge-guided deployment of resistance genes in wheat breeding.
Divergent molecular pathways govern temperature-dependent wheat stem rust resistance genes Sr6, Sr13 and Sr21
Authors: Zhang Peng , Hewitt Tim , Sharma Keshav , Zhang Jianping , Bajgain Prabin , Bhatt Dhara , Yang Jun , Singh Smriti , Wang Qiaoli , Upadhyaya Narayana , Pozniak Curtis , McIntosh Robert , Lagudah Evans , Rouse Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), has caused devastating crop losses worldwide. Several stem rust resistance (Sr) genes display temperature-dependent immune responses. Sr6-mediated resistance is enhanced at lower temperatures whereas Sr13 and Sr21 resistances are enhanced at higher temperatures. Here we report cloning of Sr6 by mutagenesis and resistance gene enrichment and sequencing (MutRenSeq), showing it to encode an NLR protein with an integrated BED domain. Sr6 temperature sensitivity was also transferred to wheat plants transformed with the Sr6 transgene. Differential gene expression analysis using near-isogenic wheat lines inoculated with Pgt at varying temperatures revealed that genes upregulated in the low-temperature-effective Sr6 response differed significantly from those upregulated in the high-temperature-effective responses associated with Sr13 and Sr21. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in temperature sensitivity can inform future strategies for deployment and engineering of genetic resistance in response to a changing climate.
Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and resequencing provide insights into the origin and domestication of modern rose
Authors: Gao Junping , Zhang Zhao , Yang Tuo , Liu Yang , Wu Shan , Sun Honghe , Wu Jie , Li Yonghong , Zheng Yi , Ren Haoran , Yang Yuyong , Shi Shaochuan , Wang Wenyan , Pan Qi , Lian Lijuan , Duan Shaowen , Zhu Yingxiong , Cai Youming , Zhou Hougao , Zhang Hao , Tang Kaixue , Cui Jiaopeng , Gao Dan , Chen Liyang , Jiang Yunhe , Sun Xiaoming , Zhou Xiaofeng , Fei Zhangjun , Ma Nan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Modern rose (Rosa hybrida) is a recently formed interspecific hybrid and has become one of the most important and widely cultivated ornamentals. Here, we report the haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the tetraploid R. hybrida ‘Samantha®’ (‘JACmantha’) and a genome variation map of 233 Rosa accessions involving various wild species, and old and modern cultivars. Homologous chromosomes of ‘Samantha®’ exhibit frequent homoeologous exchanges. Population genomic and genomic composition analyses reveal the contributions of wild Rosa species to modern roses and highlight that R. odorata and its derived cultivars are important contributors to modern roses, much like R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’. Furthermore, selective sweeps during modern rose breeding associated with major agronomic traits, including continuous and recurrent flowering, double flower, flower senescence, and disease resistance, are identified. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of modern rose origin and breeding history and offers unprecedented genomic resources for rose improvement.
Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Siddiqui Ifrah , Baig Mirza Muzammil , Khan Nabeel Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to comprehensively investigate the role of various environmental and lifestyle factors—including obesity, diet, physical inactivity, urbanization, socioeconomic status, sleep patterns, stress, environmental pollutants, gut microbiota, smoking, and alcohol consumption—in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Key factors affecting T2DM include obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, urbanization, socioeconomic status, sleep patterns, stress, environmental pollutants, gut microbiota, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Understanding these factors' roles in insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and inflammation is crucial for effective prevention and management.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and various journals was conducted without date restrictions. The studies were systematically reviewed to explore the mechanistic links between environmental factors and T2DM pathophysiology. The study adhered to PRISMA guidelines.
Results:
The study revealed diverse associations between environmental and lifestyle factors and T2DM pathogenesis. Obesity was identified as a central contributor, promoting insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction. Unhealthy diets increased T2DM risk through glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Sedentary behavior and urbanization compounded these effects. Socioeconomic disparities influenced T2DM prevalence, with lower SES individuals at higher risk. Sleep patterns, stress, environmental pollutants, and gut microbiota composition significantly affected T2DM development. Smoking and alcohol consumption were linked to increased insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of T2DM and the importance of addressing diverse environmental and lifestyle factors for effective prevention and management strategies.
Conclusion:
Obesity, diet, physical inactivity, urbanization, socioeconomic status, sleep patterns, stress, environmental pollutants, gut microbiota, smoking, and alcohol consumption collectively influence insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and inflammation in T2DM. Addressing these factors is essential for prevention and management. Promoting healthy lifestyles, improving healthcare access, and mitigating environmental exposures can reduce risk and improve outcomes. Understanding the interplay of these factors provides insights into T2DM's complex nature and informs comprehensive strategies for its prevention and treatment.
Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Insulin Resistance: A Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-like in the liver - A Systematic Review
Authors: Andrade Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos , de Oliveira Luis Matos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) comes up as a prominent issue within the realm of chronic liver pathologies on a global scale. Hepatic insulin resistance (HIR) is an important aspect of metabolic dysfunction, serving as a primary driver of dysregulated glucose homeostasis. MAFLD and HIR, Type 2 diabetes mellitus-like in the liver, exhibit a complex interplay in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between MAFLD and HIR by a systematic review.
Methods: To identify relevant studies published between January 1998 and July 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central. To ensure the inclusion of relevant and high-quality studies, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The QUADAS-2, the systematic review ensured that potential biases were systematically identified, evaluated, and accounted for, enhancing the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings.
Results: After careful consideration, 8 studies were deemed to meet the stringent inclusion criteria and were subsequently selected for data extraction and analysis. These studies represented the core body of evidence that underpins the findings of this systematic review.
Conclusion: Our systematic review demonstrated a consistently demonstrated association between MAFLD and HIR. This association has been supported by findings from various studies, highlighting the significance of MAFLD as a potential risk factor for the development of HIR.
Nanoparticles carrying anti-Periostin Antibody enable Specific Targeting of activated Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Gil Hadas , Goldshtein Matan , Etzion Sharon , Elyagon Sigal , Etzion Yoram , Cohen Smadar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cardiac fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction (MI) constitutes the formation of the fibrous scar as part of the wound healing reparative process in the tissue. This scar is essential for replacing the damaged myocardium, and thus preventing the risk of ventricular wall rupture. Nevertheless, scarring may turn excessive by expanding in areas remote to the infarction, causing undesired morphology changes. The increased ventricular stiffness and altered chamber compliance impair cardiac output, and eventually lead to heart failure. Periostin has been marked as a source of interest for its involvement in MI-induced fibrosis. Produced by activated fibroblasts (the scar-forming cells), periostin was found positively correlated with increasing levels of collagen in the myocardium, and upregulated in mouse models of fibrosis-associated-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Our study aimed to show that periostin can be used not only as a therapeutic goal itself (for the regulation of post-MI fibrosis), but also as the strategical intermediate to target the activated fibroblasts (prior to inducing therapeutics). Here we show that the conjugation of anti-periostin antibody (AB) to short interfering RNA (siRNA)-based-nanoparticles (NPs) is a feasible and effective practice for this purpose. Produced by the covalent binding of AB to AlgS and the electrostatic interactions between AlgS and siRNA with Ca2+, the NPs presented physical features suitable for in-vivo administration. Their capacity to reach cardiac activated fibroblasts in MI-induced mice was governed by the insertion of AB to their surface, enabling to specify gene therapy against periostin to these cells in particular. Importantly, the delivery of NPs with siRNA against periostin resulted in periostin reduction within the infarction, testifying to the potential therapeutic benefit of the targeting NPs, to be further studied.