bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replicated radiations of the alpine genusAndrosace(Primulaceae) driven by range expansion and convergent key innovations
Authors: Roquet Cristina , Boucher Florian C. , Thuiller Wilfried , Lavergne Sébastien 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimWe still have limited understanding of the contingent and deterministic factors that have fostered the evolutionary success of some species lineages over others. We investigated how the interplay of intercontinental migration and key innovations promoted diversification of the genusAndrosace.LocationMountain ranges and cold steppes of theNorthernHemisphere.MethodsWe reconstructed ancestral biogeographical ranges at regional and continental scales by means of a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis analysis using datedBayesian phylogenies and contrasting two migration scenarios. Based on diversification analyses under two frameworks, we tested the influence of life form on speciation rates and whether diversification has been diversity‐dependent.ResultsWe found that three radiations occurred in this genus, at different periods and on different continents, and that life form played a critical role in the history ofAndrosace. Short‐lived ancestors first facilitated the expansion of the genus' range fromAsia toEurope, while cushions, which appeared independently inAsia andEurope, enhanced species diversification in alpine regions. One long‐distance dispersal event fromEurope toNorthAmerica led to the diversification of the nested genusDouglasia. We found support for a model in which speciation of the NorthAmerican–European clade is diversity‐dependent and close to its carrying capacity, and that the diversification dynamics of the NorthAmerican subclade are uncoupled from this and follow a pure birth process.Main conclusionsThe contingency of past biogeographical connections combined with the evolutionary determinism of convergent key innovations may have led to replicated radiations ofAndrosacein three mountain regions of the world. The repeated emergence of the cushion life form was a convergent key innovation that fostered radiation into alpine habitats. Given the large ecological similarity ofAndrosacespecies, allopatry may have been the main mode of speciation.
Essential role of Pin1 via STAT3 signalling and mitochondria‐dependent pathways in restenosis in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lv Lei , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Lan , Xue Guanhua , Wang Peng , Meng Qiurong , Liang Wei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with accelerated restenosis rates after angioplasty. We have previously proved that Pin1 played an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) cycle and apoptosis. But neither the role of Pin1 in restenosis by T2D, nor the molecular mechanism of Pin1 in these processes has been elucidated. A mouse model of T2D was generated by the combination of high‐fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Both Immunohistochemistry and Western blot revealed that Pin1 expression was up‐regulated in the arterial wall in T2D mice and in VSMCs in culture conditions mimicking T2D. Next, increased activity of Pin1 was observed in neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in T2D mice. Further analysis confirmed that 10% serum of T2D mice and Pin1‐forced expression stimulated proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, enhanced cell cycle progression and migration of VSMCs, whereas Pin1 knockdown resulted in the converse effects. We demonstrated that STAT3 signalling and mitochondria‐dependent pathways played critical roles in the involvement of Pin1 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis of VSMCs in T2D. In addition, VEGF expression was stimulated by Pin1, which unveiled part of the mechanism of Pin1 in regulating VSMC migration in T2D. Finally, the administration of juglone via pluronic gel onto injured common femoral artery resulted in a significant inhibition of the neointima/media ratio. Our findings demonstrated the vital effect of Pin1 on the VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and migration that underlie neointima formation in T2D and implicated Pin1 as a potential therapeutic target to prevent restenosis in T2D.
Xanthan Gum as a Carrier of Preservative Agents and Calcium Chloride Applied on Fresh‐Cut Apple
Authors: Freitas Irene Rodrigues , Cortez‐Vega William Renzo , Pizato Sandriane , Prentice‐Hernández Carlos , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate xanthan gum as a carrier of preservative solution and calcium chloride in edible coating applied to fresh‐cut apple. The utilized coatings, prepared in aqueous solution, were: (T1) control, (T2) 1% glycerol, (T3) 1% glycerol and 0.5% xanthan gum, (T4) 1% glycerol, 0.5% xanthan gum and 1% CaCl2 (T5) 1% CaCl2 (T6) 1% ascorbic acid and 0.25% citric acid, (T7) 1% glycerol, 0.5% xanthan gum, 1% ascorbic acid and 0.25% citric acid (T8) 1% glycerol, 0.5% xanthan gum, 1% CaCl2, 1% ascorbic acid and 0.25% citric acid. The T8 treatment presented the best combination of results, with reduction of mass loss and oxidative browning, increase of firmness, lower growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms, molds and yeasts, and absence of total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.Practical ApplicationsFresh‐cut apples are appreciated worldwide for their flavor and nutritional composition. However, their shelf life is limited by changes in color, texture, appearance and microbial growth. An alternative to try to minimize the losses and increase the shelf life of this product is the use of edible coatings, maintaining the quality parameters of fresh fruit. Xanthan gum, a thickening agent, can be used as a carrier of preservative solution (citric and ascorbic acid) and calcium chloride to be used in edible coating in fresh‐cut apples. It can be considered useful to the minimal processing industry and used as an alternative to fast food and other ready‐to‐eat products, attending the demand for healthy and convenient foodstuffs.
Targeting and Regulation of Cell Wall Synthesis During Tip Growth in Plants
Authors: Gu Fangwei , Nielsen Erik 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRoot hairs and pollen tubes are formed through tip growth, a process requiring synthesis of new cell wall material and the precise targeting and integration of these components to a selected apical plasma membrane domain in the growing tips of these cells. Presence of a tip‐focused calcium gradient, control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and formation and targeting of secretory vesicles are essential to tip growth. Similar to cells undergoing diffuse growth, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins are also deposited in the growing apices of tip‐growing cells. However, differences in the manner in which these cell wall components are targeted and inserted in the expanding portion of tip‐growing cells is reflected by the identification of elements of the plant cell wall synthesis machinery which have been shown to play unique roles in tip‐growing cells. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the tip growth process, with a particular focus on the subcellular targeting of newly synthesized cell wall components, and their roles in this form of plant cell expansion.imageErik Nielsen(Corresponding author)
Exit Interviews from Adolescent Girls Who Participated in a Sexual Risk‐Reduction Intervention: Implications for Community‐Based Health Education Promotion for Adolescents
Authors: Morrison‐Beedy Dianne , Passmore Denise , Carey Michael P. 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to invite girls who participated in a gender‐specific sexual risk‐reduction intervention to describe their experiences and identify program characteristics most or least beneficial to their involvement.MethodsSemistructured interviews were completed with 26 African American, low‐income girls aged 15 to 19 years who had participated in a sexual risk‐reduction intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial. The girls were interviewed after completing a 12‐month postintervention survey. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for categories.ResultsAnalyses of the interview data identified 6 categories: 1) reasons for participating, 2) strategies for maintaining behavior changes, 3) interacting with others, 4) communicating with mothers, 5) disseminating information to friends and family, and 6) disseminating information to the males in the community.DiscussionMany of the girls participating in the theory‐based behavior change intervention reported selecting from a menu of strategies learned through the intervention to reduce their sexual risk. Having the opportunity to discuss sexual health with peers and trained facilitators, particularly in an all‐female environment, was cited as a positive benefit. Community health organizations and clinicians who care for adolescent girls can adapt many aspects of this intervention to help reduce their sexual risk.
Cryoplasty for the Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Stenoses Following Main Vessel Stenting
Authors: SCHOB ALAN , BHATT MEHUL , ALFONSO CARLOS , DE MARCHENA EDUARDO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study sought to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of cryoplasty for treatment of side‐branch stenoses following main vessel stenting in coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundCryoplasty prevents restenosis by reducing smooth muscle proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated in the peripheral circulation. Treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions remains a challenge. We used a novel strategy of main vessel stenting combined with side‐branch cryoplasty to treat high‐grade stenoses following main vessel stenting.MethodsEighteen patients with bifurcation lesions had significant plaque shift into a side branch after main vessel intervention. Drug‐eluting stents were placed in the main vessel and cryoplasty was performed on the side‐branch vessel. Quantitative coronary analysis was performed on all side‐branch vessels both pre– and post–main vessel stenting. All patients had clinical follow‐up 3 months or more after cryoplasty including either nuclear stress testing or diagnostic coronary angiogram.ResultsMean percent stenosis decreased from 80.6% post main vessel stenting to 24.8% following cryoplasty (P < 0.0001). Of the 17 patients who had pre‐cryoplasty nuclear stress testing 1 patient had ischemia identified in the distribution of the treated vessel at follow‐up. Five patients had follow up angiography. One patient had restenosis, the other 2 were unchanged. There was a low incidence of MACE.ConclusionsIn this first report of its use in the coronary circulation, cryoplasty for bifurcation side‐branch disease was safe and associated with a low rate of clinical recurrence in carefully selected patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:239–244)
Aortic Annulus Measurement and Relevance to Successful Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A New Technique Using 3D TEE
Authors: PERSHAD ASHISH , STONE DIANA , MORRIS MICHAEL F. , FANG KENITH , GELLERT GEORGE 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are limitations of using 2D imaging to accurately size the aortic annulus. This article highlights the limitations of 2D technology and proposes a new 3D TEE method for sizing of the aortic annulus.MethodsThree‐dimensional echocardiography with the method described can identify the “true” aortic annulus with precision. A 3D dataset of the aortic annulus is collected. The 3D quantification program is then activated. The three multiplanar reconstruction planes (the aortic short‐axis, long‐axis, and coronal planes) are aligned during systole, to obtain the 3 nadirs of the sinuses of Valsalva simultaneously in the short‐axis MPR. Rotating the sagittal and coronal planes to identify the hinge points is necessary to measure the diameter of the “true” annulus. The “true” aortic annulus is defined by the blood–tissue interface in the aortic short‐axis MPR.ResultsThis method has been prospectively validated with surgical AVR sizing in a small study of 10 patients. During surgical AVR, the annulus was directly measured using a sizer. This served as a gold standard for comparison. The annulus was measured using the method described in a blinded fashion by the cardiac anesthesiologist and then confirmed offline by a blinded echocardiographer. In this small study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.9833 with 23.4 and 23.22 mm being the mean measurements with the 2 methods.DiscussionThe method described in this article is complementary to multidetector computed tomography and provides a real‐time measurement of the annulus during the TAVR procedure without need for radiographic contrast. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:302–309)
Genome‐wide analysis of recurrent copy‐number alterations and copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marescalco Maria Sebastiana , Capizzi Carmela , Condorelli Daniele Filippo , Barresi Vincenza 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, and it is generally characterized by a poor prognosis. The aim of our study has been to identify possible recurring genomic abnormalities in this malignancy, likely to have a key role in pathogenesis.MethodsThe single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array data relative to 19 HNSCC samples (submitted by Poage et al., PloS ONE 2010; 5: e9651), accessible at NCBI GEO database (GSE20939), were analyzed using criteria that take into account both genotyping and intensity data. By this method, we determined the number and localization of recurrent copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) regions and compared them with recurrent somatic copy‐number alterations (CNAs).ResultsSingle‐nucleotide polymorphism‐array data analysis allowed us to detect, for the first time in HNSCC, chromosomal segment of CN‐LOHs in addition to CNAs. Chromosomal alterations have been detected in 14 (73.7%) of 19 samples, and the 12.1% of all alterations observed (LOHs, gains, and CN‐LOHs) were CN‐LOHs. The most recurrent gain events, occurring in 78.5% of cases (11 samples), were harbored within 8q21.11‐q21.13 and 8q23.1‐q24.22 loci, while the most recurrent loss and CN‐LOH events were present at 3p21.31‐p21.1 (57.1%; 8 samples) and 17p13.3‐p13.1 (28.6%; 4 samples) loci, respectively.ConclusionThe investigated chromosomal regions, in particular those with CN‐LOH, harbored some interesting genes, such as HIC1, DOCK8, KANK1, and NOTCH1 whose role, mutations and epigenetic modifications in HNSCC deserve to be investigated, in order to understand the significance of CN‐LOH events in HNSCC pathogenesis.
Impression Management (“Lie”) Scales Are Associated With Interpersonally Oriented Self‐Control, Not Other‐Deception
Authors: Uziel Liad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article explores the status of impression management (IM) scales (“lie scales,” notably, BIDR‐IM) as measures of response bias, offers theory‐driven substantive meaning to them, and compares them with self‐deception enhancement (SDE). Study 1 (N = 99) compared self‐descriptions of actual self and ideal self given in a non‐anonymous setting. High similarity indicates self‐enhancement. Study 2 (70 dyads) analyzed self‐other agreement about IM and SDE. Agreement indicates substantive basis to the scales' scores. Study 3 (N = 182) explored the centrality of self‐control in the self‐perception of individuals varying in IM and SDE. Study 4 (95 dyads) corroborated self‐reports about self‐control using informants' reports. In Study 1, IM was associated with relative humility, whereas SDE was associated with self‐enhancement. In Study 2, strong self‐other agreement was found only for IM, indicating that high IM (but not SDE) is grounded in real‐life behavior. In Study 3, self‐control was central in the self‐perception of high IM and high SDE individuals. In Study 4, strong relations with self‐control were corroborated by informants only for IM. IM scales measure substantive content associated with self‐control aimed at social adaptation, whereas the SDE scale depicts individuals with a grandiose self‐perception, who fail to impress knowledgeable others.
Yes, But Are They Happy? Effects of Trait Self‐Control on Affective Well‐Being and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Hofmann Wilhelm , Luhmann Maike , Fisher Rachel R , Vohs Kathleen D. , Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDoes trait self‐control (TSC) predict affective well‐being and life satisfaction—positively, negatively, or not? We conducted three studies (Study 1: N = 414, 64% female, Mage = 35.0 years; Study 2: N = 208, 66% female, Mage = 25.24 years; Study 3: N = 234, 61% female, Mage = 34.53 years). The key predictor was TSC, with affective well‐being and life satisfaction ratings as key outcomes. Potential explanatory constructs including goal conflict, goal balancing, and emotional distress also were investigated. TSC is positively related to affective well‐being and life satisfaction, and managing goal conflict is a key as to why. All studies, moreover, showed that the effect of TSC on life satisfaction is at least partially mediated by affect. Study 1's correlational study established the effect. Study 2's experience sampling approach demonstrated that compared to those low in TSC, those high in TSC experience higher levels of momentary affect even as they experience desire, an effect partially mediated through experiencing lower conflict and emotional distress. Study 3 found evidence for the proposed mechanism—that TSC may boost well‐being by helping people avoid frequent conflict and balance vice‐virtue conflicts by favoring virtues. Self‐control positively contributes to happiness through avoiding and dealing with motivational conflict.
The effect of palm oil addition to the diet of dairy sheep on the immune response
Authors: Bianchi A. E. , Macedo V. P. , Duarte M. M. M. F. , Lopes L. S. , Stefani L. M. , Rossett J. , Klauck V. , Radavelli W. , Pazinato R. , Bottari N. B. , Da Silva A. S. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether a diet based on palm oil has any influence on the immune response and on the number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in dairy sheep. To address this issue, 30 ewes in early lactation were confined and divided into three groups (n = 10) receiving a daily isoproteic and isoenergetic diet. Palm oil was added to the feed at different concentrations: 0% (control; group A), 4% (group B) and 6% (group C). The animals were treated with levamisole 10 days before the beginning of the experiment. Faecal samples were collected and analysed for EPG on day zero of the experiment. On days 60 and 120, individual faecal and blood samples were collected, and the FAMACHA© score for assessing clinical anaemia was carried out. The groups receiving palm oil showed a significant reduction in EPG in relation to the control group (A) on day 120. Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM and IgE) and proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF‐α, IL‐1 and IL‐6) were significantly increased on days 60 and 120 (p < 0.05) in groups B and C. Therefore, these results suggest that palm oil stimulates the immune response in sheep, thus reducing EPG of GIN. The hypothesis that palm oil has direct anthelmintic activity should be tested in future studies.
Are differences in functional diversity among plant communities on Mediterranean coastal dunes driven by their phylogenetic history?
Authors: Carboni Marta , Acosta Alicia T.R. , Ricotta Carlo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractQuestionVariability in species function is often studied by using phylogenetic relatedness as a surrogate for functional similarity between species, rather than by measuring functional traits directly. The phylogenetic‐based method is far less data‐intensive than trait‐based methods. However, to what extent community‐level variability in species function is driven by phylogenetic history has rarely been explored in terms of composition and diversity. In this paper we test this empirically by asking: do differences in the functional composition and diversity of species assemblages (i.e. plots) along an environmental gradient mirror differences in phylogenetic structure?LocationCoastal dune communities of the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy.MethodsWe calculated fuzzy‐weighted mean trait values and the Rao index for dominant species in 405 plots using 16 functional traits that were measured in the field or from other sources. Based on a phylogenetic distance matrix among species obtained from an aged phylogenetic supertree, we applied matrix correlation tested against appropriate null models to calculate how much of the plot‐to‐plot variability in functional composition (measured through fuzzy weighting) and diversity (measured with the Rao index) is predicted by the corresponding phylogenetic metrics.ResultsAt the species pool level there was evidence for a phylogenetic signal in trait variation. Furthermore, we found that differences in species functional diversity among plots were closely related to their phylogenetic variability, but this was not true for functional composition.ConclusionsThe results show that even when there is evidence of phylogenetic trait conservatism at the species pool level, phylogeny may be unable to capture all aspects of functional community structure. This emphasizes the need for caution when interpreting measures of phylogenetic community structure as proxies of functional community structure.
Herbivory strains resilience in drought‐prone aspen landscapes of the western United States
Authors: Rogers Paul C. , Mittanck Cody M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractQuestionAspen forests in the northern hemisphere provide richer biodiversity compared to surrounding vegetation types. In both North America and Europe, however, aspen stands are threatened by a variety of human impacts: clear felling, land development, water diversion, fire suppression and both wild and domestic ungulate herbivory. We conducted a landscape assessment of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) for the purpose of identifying key components of resilience. Specifically, we tested novel measures linking plant–animal interactions, compared crucial functional differences in aspen types and made restorative recommendations based on the outcome of these assessments.LocationBook Cliffs region, eastern Utah and western Colorado, USA.MethodsSeventy‐seven 1‐ha plots were sampled for forest structure, composition, regeneration and recruitment, landscape elements, browse level and herbivore use. Use was determined by counting the number of pellet groups from ungulate species at each sample location. We tested the efficacy of a visual stand condition rating system when compared to objective metrics. A series of non‐parametric analyses were used to compare functional aspen types and stand condition groups by key variables. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) allowed us to explore all our data to find the most critical measures of aspen stand conditions for the purpose of better informing future aspen monitoring.ResultsPlots differed significantly in seral or stable aspen functional types, stand condition rating and browse species use. Ordination analysis revealed that regeneration level and herbivore use were the strongest objective indicators of aspen stand conditions, while stand condition rating proved a valuable subjective index of forest status. While ungulate herbivory of aspen is problematic internationally, our results show acute impacts where moderate slopes, relatively low water availability and intense browsing predominate.ConclusionsAppropriate measures for aspen communities, informed by crucial functional divisions, allowed us to gain a clear understanding of conditions across this large landscape. Overall, aspen in our study landscape is highly vulnerable to collapse due to narrow physiographic and climate limitations and browse levels. Without herbivory reduction, future conservation in such areas will be strained and widespread system failure may occur.