bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling reindeer rut activity using on‐animal acoustic recorders and machine learning
Authors: Boucher Alexander J. , Weladji Robert B. , Holand Øystein , Kumpula Jouko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor decades, researchers have employed sound to study the biology of wildlife, with the aim to better understand their ecology and behaviour. By utilizing on‐animal recorders to capture audio from freely moving animals, scientists can decipher the vocalizations and glean insights into their behaviour and ecosystem dynamics through advanced signal processing. However, the laborious task of sorting through extensive audio recordings has been a major bottleneck. To expedite this process, researchers have turned to machine learning techniques, specifically neural networks, to streamline the analysis of data. Nevertheless, much of the existing research has focused predominantly on stationary recording devices, overlooking the potential benefits of employing on‐animal recorders in conjunction with machine learning. To showcase the synergy of on‐animal recorders and machine learning, we conducted a study at the Kutuharju research station in Kaamanen, Finland, where the vocalizations of rutting reindeer were recorded during their mating season. By attaching recorders to seven male reindeer during the rutting periods of 2019 and 2020, we trained convolutional neural networks to distinguish reindeer grunts with a 95% accuracy rate. This high level of accuracy allowed us to examine the reindeers' grunting behaviour, revealing patterns indicating that older, heavier males vocalized more compared to their younger, lighter counterparts. The success of this study underscores the potential of on‐animal acoustic recorders coupled with machine learning techniques as powerful tools for wildlife research, hinting at their broader applications with further advancement and optimization.
Genetic diversity and population structure of a rare flowering tree endemic to Appalachia, Stewartia ovata
Authors: Yadav L. K. , Bellis D. , Smith Z. C. , Ony M. , Hale C. , Richards C. , Klingeman W. E. , Staton M. E. , Granger J. J. , Hadziabdic D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStewartia ovata (cav.) Weatherby, commonly known as mountain stewartia, is an understory tree native to the southeastern United States (U.S.). This relatively rare species occurs in isolated populations in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. As a species, S. ovata has largely been overlooked, and limited information is available regarding its ecology, which presents obstacles to conservation efforts. Stewartia ovata has vibrant, large white flowers that bloom in summer with a variety of filament colors, suggesting potential horticultural traits prized by ornamental industry. However, S. ovata is relatively slow growing and, due to long seed dormancy, propagation is challenging with limited success rates. This has created a need to assess the present genetic diversity in S. ovata populations to inform potential conservation and restoration of the species. Here, we employ a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach to characterize the spatial distribution and genetic diversity of S. ovata in the southern Appalachia region of the eastern United States. A total of 4475 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across 147 individuals from 11 collection sites. Our results indicate low genetic diversity (He = 0.216), the presence of population structure (K = 2), limited differentiation (FST = 0.039), and high gene flow (Nm = 6.16) between our subpopulations. Principal component analysis corroborated the findings of STRUCTURE, confirming the presence of two distinct S. ovata subpopulations. One subpopulation mainly contains genotypes from the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, while the other consists of genotypes present in the Great Smoky Mountain ranges in Tennessee, North Carolina, and portions of Nantahala, Chattahoochee‐Oconee national forests in Georgia, highlighting that elevation likely plays a major role in its distribution. Our results further suggested low inbreeding coefficient (FIS = 0.070), which is expected with an outcrossing tree species. This research further provides necessary insight into extant subpopulations and has generated valuable resources needed for conservation efforts of S. ovata.
Wall‐following – Phylogenetic context of an enhanced behaviour in stygomorphic Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) cavefishes
Authors: Chen Bing , Dai Wen‐Zhang , Li Xiang‐Lin , Mao Ting‐Ru , Liu Ye‐Wei , Pie Marcio R. , Yang Jian , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith 75 known species, the freshwater fish genus Sinocyclocheilus is the largest cavefish radiation in the world and shows multiple adaptations for cave‐dwelling (stygomorphic adaptations), which include a range of traits such as eye degeneration (normal‐eyed, micro‐eyed and eyeless), depigmentation of skin, and in some species, the presence of “horns”. Their behavioural adaptations to subterranean environments, however, are poorly understood. Wall‐following (WF) behaviour, where an organism remains in close contact with the boundary demarcating its habitat when in the dark, is a peculiar behaviour observed in a wide range of animals and is enhanced in cave dwellers. Hence, we hypothesise that wall‐following is also present in Sinocyclocheilus, possibly enhanced in eyeless species compared to eye bearing (normal‐/micro‐eyed species). Using 13 species representative of Sinocyclocheilus radiation and eye morphs, we designed a series of assays, based on pre‐existing methods for Astyanax mexicanus behavioural experiments, to examine wall‐following behaviour under three conditions. Our results indicate that eyeless species exhibit significantly enhanced intensities of WF compared to normal‐eyed species, with micro‐eyed forms demonstrating intermediate intensities in the WF distance. Using a mtDNA based dated phylogeny (chronogram with four clades A–D), we traced the degree of WF of these forms to outline common patterns. We show that the intensity of WF behaviour is higher in the subterranean clades compared to clades dominated by normal‐eyed free‐living species. We also found that eyeless species are highly sensitive to vibrations, whereas normal‐eyed species are the least sensitive. Since WF behaviour is presented to some degree in all Sinocyclocheilus species, and given that these fishes evolved in the late Miocene, we identify this behaviour as being ancestral with WF enhancement related to cave occupation. Results from this diversification‐scale study of cavefish behaviour suggest that enhanced wall‐following behaviour may be a convergent trait across all stygomorphic lineages.
Predation can shape the cascade interplay between heterothermy, exploration and maintenance metabolism under high food availability
Authors: Boratyński Jan S. , Iwińska Karolina , Wirowska Martyna , Borowski Zbigniew , Zub Karol 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintenance metabolism as the minimum energy expenditure needed to maintain homeothermy (a high and stable body temperature, Tb), reflects the magnitude of metabolic machinery and the associated costs of self‐maintenance in endotherms (organisms able to produce heat endogenously). Therefore, it can interact with most, if not all, organismal functions, including the behavior–fitness linkage. Many endothermic animals can avoid the costs of maintaining homeothermy and temporally reduce Tb and metabolism by entering heterothermic states like torpor, the most effective energy‐saving strategy. Variations in BMR, behavior, and torpor use are considered to be shaped by food resources, but those conclusions are based on research studying these traits in isolation. We tested the effect of ecological contexts (food availability and predation risk) on the interplay between the maintenance costs of homeothermy, heterothermy, and exploration in a wild mammal—the yellow‐necked mouse. We measured maintenance metabolism as basal metabolic rate (BMR) using respirometry, distance moved (exploration) in the open‐field test, and variation in Tb (heterothermy) during short‐term fasting in animals captured at different locations of known natural food availability and predator presence, and with or without supplementary food resources. We found that in winter, heterothermy and exploration (but not BMR) negatively correlated with natural food availability (determined in autumn). Supplementary feeding increased mouse density, predation risk and finally had a positive effect on heterothermy (but not on BMR or exploration). The path analysis testing plausible causal relationships between the studied traits indicated that elevated predation risk increased heterothermy, which in turn negatively affected exploration, which positively correlated with BMR. Our study indicates that adaptive heterothermy is a compensation strategy for balancing the energy budget in endothermic animals experiencing low natural food availability. This study also suggests that under environmental challenges like increased predation risk, the use of an effective energy‐saving strategy predicts behavioral expression better than self‐maintenance costs under homeothermy.
Effects of short‐term exposure to Pomacea canaliculata secretions on Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Propsilocerus akamusi: A study based on behavior, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant system
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Sui Changrun , Wang Baolong , Huang Ruipin , Zhang Weixiao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Qian , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPomacea canaliculata is one of the most notorious invasive aquatic snail, capable of influencing various aquatic organisms through their secretions. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Propsilocerus akamusi are the most prevalent and powerful bioturbators in aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanism of P. canaliculata's secretions affecting bioturbators remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of P. canaliculata's secretion on L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi. L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi were treated for 24 h with P. canaliculata and the native species Bellamya aeruginosa secretions at different densities (1 or 20). The migration numbers and aggregation rate of L. hoffmeisteri indicated that P. canaliculata secretion caused L. hoffmeisteri to become alert and migrate away from the nucleus community, resulting in poor population identification, especially at high concentrations. Moreover, the antioxidant enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation, intestinal microbial diversity, and composition of the two bioturbators were analyzed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were elevated following P. canaliculata secretion treatment, indicating oxidative damage. Furthermore, the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota of L. hoffmeisteri and P. akamusi were changed. The abundance of functional microbiota decreased, and pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas became dominant in the intestines of both bioturbators. The current research evaluates the effects of P. canaliculata secretion on the behavior, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbial composition and diversity of two bioturbators, providing new insights into the assessment of post‐invaded ecosystems.
Mite non‐reproduction is not a consequence of the brood removal behavior of varroa sensitive hygiene honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Sprau Lina , Traynor Kirsten , Gessler Birgit , Hasselmann Martin , Rosenkranz Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA sustainable solution to the global threat of the Varroa destructor mite is the selection of varroa‐resistant honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Both “mite non‐reproduction” (MNR) and “varroa sensitive hygiene” (VSH) appear to be promising selection traits for achieving the goal of a resistant honey bee. MNR describes colonies that have a high number of non‐reproductive mites (no offspring, no males, or delayed development of mite offspring). High numbers of non‐reproductive mites have been observed in selected colonies, but the mechanism behind this trait has not yet been identified. The specialized hygienic behavior of selected honey bees, called VSH, is the removal of varroa‐infested brood. These traits were thought to be linked by VSH bees preferentially removing reproductive varroa females leaving only non‐reproductive mites behind in cells and thus creating colonies with high levels of MNR. To further investigate this link, we used an experimental setup and data sets from a four‐year selection project designed to breed for MNR and VSH colonies. In addition, we sought to answer the question of whether non‐reproductive mites are a direct consequence of worker removal behavior. To test this, we artificially induced removal behavior, and after providing the mite with enough time to re‐enter another cell, we opened all capped cells, relocated the mites, and evaluated their reproduction. As shown in previous studies and in this study, VSH had no effect on MNR levels. Also, the induced removal behavior did not lead to non‐reproduction in the subsequent reproductive cycle post interruption. We thus concluded that breeding for non‐reproductive mites does not automatically breed for VSH behavior and worker removal behavior does not cause subsequent reproductive failure of the mites forced to flee and find a new cell for reproduction.
PhyloJS: Bridging phylogenetics and web development with a JavaScript utility library
Authors: Featherstone Leo A. , Wirth Wytamma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing number of libraries devoted to parsing, manipulating and visualising phylogenetic trees in JavaScript. Many of these libraries bundle tree manipulation with visualisation, but have limited ability to manipulate trees and lack detailed documentation. As the number of web‐based phylogenetic tools and the size of phylogenetics datasets increases, there is a need for a library that parses, writes and manipulates phylogenetic trees that is interoperable with other phylogenetic and data visualisation libraries. Here we introduce PhyloJS, a light zero‐dependency TypeScript and JavaScript library for reading, writing and manipulating phylogenetic trees. PhyloJS allows for modification of and data‐extraction from trees to integrate with other phylogenetics and data visualisation libraries. It can swiftly handle large trees, up to at least 106 tips in size, making it ideal for developing the next generation of more complex web‐based phylogenetics applications handling ever larger datasets. The PhyloJS source code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/clockor2/phylojs) and can be installed via npm with the command npm install phylojs. Extensive documentation is available at https://clockor2.github.io/phylojs/.
Post‐Functionalization of Organoboranes by Cu‐Catalyzed Azide Alkyne [3+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Bonnard Mélanie , Pinet Sandra , Chabaud Laurent , Pucheault Mathieu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne [3+2]‐cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of organoboranes represents an attractive area of research within the field of click chemistry, with diverse applications in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, or materials science. Despite the potential issues caused by the copper insertion into the carbon‐boron bond, significant progress has been made to harness the reactivity of organoboron compounds in CuAAC. This review provides an overview of the catalytic methods reported for CuAAC with various organoboranes, discussing the stability of the boron group and highlighting recent advancements in this area.
The true self in reflections? Visual self‐recognition and the Big Five
Authors: Stephan Elena , Walker Mirella 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTypically, individuals are motivated to see themselves in a flattering light regarding their physical and personality characteristics. We suggest that visual self‐perception is anchored in the true self which is largely the self‐enhancing self, and may also reflect the privileged access to one's traits and internal states. Here, we examine the impact and limits of self‐enhancement motivation and egocentric bias on individuals’ recognition of variations of their portraits in terms of the Big Five personality dimensions. We predict that individuals recognise themselves better in positively altered portraits, namely, portraits looking more agreeable, conscientious and open. We also predict that self‐enhancement is anchored in reality: Individuals recognise themselves less in strongly altered than in slightly or non‐altered portraits. In Study 1, we measure the directions of self‐recognition distortions by investigating in which random variations of their portraits individuals recognise themselves. In Study 2, relying on a mouse tracking paradigm, we additionally measure the degree of distortion, and the conflict individuals experience during the self‐recognition task. Results of both studies mainly demonstrate self‐recognition distortions towards agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism. Moreover, results from Study 2 reveal that self‐recognition is anchored in reality. Findings of two studies applying different methods convergently show systematic biases in self‐recognition regarding the Big Five dimensions, both enriching understanding of the self‐enhancement processes and demonstrating that the methods applied might be useful for future research focusing on self‐recognition.
Response to a comment on: Rates and correlates of study enrolment and use of a chatbot aimed to promote mental health services use for eating disorders following online screening
Authors: D’Adamo Laura , Grammer Anne Claire , Rackoff Gavin N. , Shah Jillian , Firebaugh Marie‐Laure , Taylor C. Barr , Wilfley Denise E. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. 
Published: June 2024

Highlights

In response to a comment on our recent article, this paper highlights that the goal of our chatbot was to reach individuals with eating disorders who are not engaged with traditional mental health services using a scalable digital screening and intervention approach.
We describe our rationale for the lack of clinical assessments in our study, namely, the importance of conducting digital mental health research under real‐world conditions and the need to reduce barriers to research participation for individuals in need of treatment for eating disorders.
We emphasise the substantial public health impact that a chatbot, like the one we developed and evaluated, could have for increasing treatment‐seeking and uptake among adults with eating disorders and encourage researchers to consider study designs that are conducted under real‐world conditions.
Effect of different reperfusion strategies on recovery of ventricular function after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A longitudinal single‐center study
Authors: Attar Armin , Namvar Soheila , Hosseinpour Alireza , Azami Pouria , Shekari Arash , Jamali Leila , Goudarzi Neda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough the clinical benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiovascular outcomes has been widely investigated, the impact of this revascularization strategy compared to other alternatives on the degree of left ventricular function recovery is poorly demonstrated. In this regard, we investigated whether time delays between the presentation of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and PCI in reperfusion strategies have different impacts on left ventricular function recovery.MethodsIn this single‐center study, all the patients who presented with STEMI and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%) were enrolled. Included patients were subjected to four different treatment groups of primary, rescue (immediate transfer for angioplasty due to failed fibrinolytic therapy), facilitated (fibrinolytic therapy followed by angioplasty within 24 h), and deferred (successful fibrinolytic therapy and PCI after 24 h) PCI based on hospital facilities. Echocardiography was performed for all the patients at the time of hospitalization and 6 months later.ResultsA total of 128 patients were included in this study. The LVEF improved by 15.3 ± 6.3%, 11.5 ± 3.61%, 4.0 ± 1.0%, and −1.3 ± 7.0% in primary, rescue, facilitated, and deferred PCI groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing deferred PCI experienced a significantly lower improvement in LVEF compared with primary and rescue PCI (p < 0.001).ConclusionPrimary PCI demonstrated the most promising recovery in left ventricular function following STEMI compared to other alternative strategies. Performing PCI as soon as possible provides better recovery of LVEF.
Reasons of sprinkler freezing and rotational irrigation for frost protection in tea plantations
Authors: Pan Qingmin , Hu Yongguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSprinkler irrigation can effectively reduce the rate of frostbite on cash crop buds and young fruits. In this study, we propose applying the rotational irrigation method in frost protection to achieve water conservation, simplify the sprinkler system and expand the frost protection area. The freezing test of various sprinklers in a frosty environment (approximately −4.0°C) was conducted to determine the maximum duration of sprinkling cessation for the microsprinkler, butterfly‐shaped sprinkler, impact sprinkler and MegaNet sprinkler. The results indicate that the butterfly‐shaped sprinkler and impact sprinkler freeze after 4 and 3 min, respectively. In contrast, the microsprinkler and MegaNet sprinkler do not freeze even after 10.0 min. The temperature increase amplitude and rate of the microsprinkler are significantly greater. At an ambient temperature of −4.0°C, three areas were irrigated with microsprinklers. Each sprinkler had a rotation interval of 3.0 min of spraying followed by 6.0 min of stopping. This ensured that the canopy temperature was maintained at approximately −1.0°C. The water consumption was only one‐third of that used in continuous sprinkler irrigation. This sprinkler irrigation method for frost protection is more water efficient than traditional continuous sprinkler irrigation and easier to operate and maintain than existing automatic sprinkler irrigation methods.