bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein Analysis: Using Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceUpdate based on the original article by J F G Vliegenthart,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authors: Leeflang Bas R. , Vliegenthart Johannes F. G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe majority of proteins are decorated with one or more covalently linked carbohydrate chains and are thus glycoproteins. These carbohydrate chains may consist of mono‐, oligo‐, or polysaccharides, which can affect the physiological behavior and biological functioning of the glycoprotein. Insight into the structural aspects and characteristics of glycoprotein glycosylation is an important step in unraveling the function of carbohydrate chains in a glycoprotein. In most cases, the glycan and protein moieties are cleaved and analyzed separately. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool in this respect. A plethora of NMR techniques are available to obtain NMR parameters such as chemical shift, scalar coupling constants and relaxation and cross‐relaxation properties. From these, both primary structural, three‐dimensional structural and dynamical features can be determined for these molecules. In this article, several aspects of glycoprotein structural studies will be discussed, and a selection of NMR experiments, including experimental conditions, will be presented.
Detection and Quantification of Environmental PollutantsUpdate based on the original article by R. Gibbons,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Portions reprinted fromEnvironmental and Ecological Statisticsand theEncyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation, with permission.
Authors: Gibbons Robert D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWith increasing concern over chemicals that are potential health hazards at low levels, determination of limits of detection and quantification have undergone considerable scrutiny. Most traditional detection limit (DL) estimators suffer from extensive statistical and/or conceptual limitations. In this article, traditional detection and quantification limit estimators are described and critically evaluated. Methods are categorized into decision limits, DLs and quantification limits. The methods are further categorized into single concentration design versus calibration design methodologies. While the single concentration design methods are useful for fixing ideas and clarifying definitions they are shown to be extremely limited in practice since dependence of variability on concentration can be neither estimated nor incorporated. Calibration‐based detection and quantification limit estimators are described, compared, and contrasted. Discussion of nonconstant variance, multiple future detection decisions and simultaneous control of Type I and II errors is provided. The various methods are illustrated using real data and experimental design issues for DL studies discussed.
Deception, Detection of,P300 Event‐Related Potential (ERP)
Authors: Rosenfeld J. Peter , Greely Henry T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractResearch with P300 is proceeding at an exciting rate. P300 ERP lie detection that has been proven effective might bring important, even revolutionary benefits to society, at least if used in proper situations. Ineffective testing can only be harmful. It is important that this technology be used if and only if its effectiveness has been rigorously established. If it is proven effective, our society will then face difficult questions on how to use the technology in ways that maximize its benefits and minimize its costs, while respecting individual rights.
Hallucinations
Authors: Leong Gregory B. , Silva J. Arturo , Weinstock Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHallucinations involve perceptions generally involving the primary senses of hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch in the absence of actual external sensory stimuli. Although research has continued in identifying the etiology of hallucinations, for practical purposes hallucinations can be generally considered to be symptoms of underlying psychiatric or medical conditions. In a variety of clinical and forensic contexts, the presence of hallucinations may be particularly relevant. In addition, malingering of hallucinations as well as denial of actual hallucinations may complicate clinical or forensic assessment.
Interrogative Suggestibility
Authors: Frumkin I. Bruce , Moy Gretchen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConfessions are a key piece of evidence to be used against a suspect in courtroom proceedings. Defense attorneys often attempt to suppress the confession at the pretrial stage by raising issues of an involuntaryMiranda waiveror an involuntary confession. At trial, the credibility of a defendant's statements to the police becomes an important issue. The interrogation of a highly suggestible suspect heightens the risk of false or less than accurate confession. Mental health testimony is often useful to the trier of fact at both the pretrial and the trial stages. A comprehensive psychological assessment in this context includes the use of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales to supplement clinical interview information, third party data, and other psychological tests. An individual's interrogative suggestibility is influenced by age, intelligence, memory, sleep deprivation, anxiety, and previous criminal convictions.
Capacity to WaiveMiranda Rights
Authors: Frumkin I. Bruce , Moy Gretchen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMental health professionals have shown increasing involvement in providing expert testimony regarding a defendant's capacity to waive legal rights before and during an interrogation. In the 1966 Supreme Court case of Miranda v. Arizona, the Court ruled that any statement arising from a custodial interrogation of a suspect would be presumed to be involuntary and not admissible unless the suspect is informed of his rights to remain silent, to avoid self‐incrimination, to obtain legal counsel before and during police questioning, and to obtain free legal counsel if indigent. This waiver of rights must be made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. A comprehensive psychological evaluation of a defendant's capacity to have waived the rights at the time of police questioning provides the trier of fact useful information in determining the admissibility of a confession. The standard protocol for most evaluations functionally integrates a defendant's capacities with the legally relevant criteria espoused byMirandaand subsequent case law. The evaluation is comprised of a comprehensive clinical interview, psychological testing, including the use of specialized assessment procedures, and a review of third‐party data.
Nickel: Models of Protein Active SitesUpdate based on the original article by Wen‐Feng Liaw,
Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry
Second Edition, © 2005, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authors: Harrop Todd C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

During the past decade (2002–2012), the role of nickel (Ni) in biology has taken quite a turn. Prior to this period, the primary function for Ni in biology was limited to urea hydrolysis in the enzyme urease, methane production in methyl coenzyme M reductase, and the consumption of hydrogen in NiFe‐hydrogenase. Owing to recent X‐ray structures, Ni has now been shown to be an important cofactor in enzymes that interconvert CO
2
/CO (carbon monoxide dehydrogenases); enzymes that fix cell carbon in the form of acetate (acetyl coenzyme A synthases); and enzymes involved in oxygen metabolism/oxidative stress protection (nickel superoxide dismutase). In light of these new Ni‐metalloenzyme structures and the need for new and cleaner energy sources, much Ni synthetic modeling work has been focused on constructing analogues of NiFe‐hydrogenase, CO dehydrogenase, acetyl coenzyme A synthase, and Ni‐superoxide dismutase. These synthetic biomimetics have provided new insight from structural, spectroscopic, and reactivity studies to elucidate aspects of the catalytic mechanism of the Ni sites in these enzymes.
Hug
Z
from
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Hu Yonglin , Wang Da‐Cheng 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

HugZ is a heme oxygenase (HO) from
Helicobacter pylori
. It adopts a split‐barrel fold, distinct from that of canonical HOs such as human HO‐1. It belongs to a new hemoprotein family that has members from various pathogenic bacteria. This review discusses the structural features of HugZ and its interactions with heme.
Stem‐Cell Niche Based Comparative Analysis of Chemical and Nano‐mechanical Material Properties Impacting Ex Vivo Expansion and Differentiation of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Jiang Jinlin , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe ability of stem cells to self‐renew with minimal or no differentiation and, when appropriately cued, to give rise to many types of progenitor and mature cells, is the basis for applications in regenerative and transfusion medicine, but also in drug discovery and in vitro toxicology. Inspired by the complex interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment, the so‐called stem‐cell niche, the properties of supporting biomaterials, including surface biochemistry, topography (type, size, organization, and geometry of nanostructures), and mechanical properties, have been identified as important determinants of stem‐cell fate in vitro. 3D culture environments that could recapitulate the complexity of the in vivo stem‐cell microenvironment could further expand the complexity and repertoire of engineered environments with exciting translational applications. Herein, the material aspects that affect the expansion and differentiation fate of adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), two powerful cell types that co‐reside in the bone‐marrow niche, but with distinct, sometime complementary, differentiation fates, properties, and translational applications, are examined. Although MSCs are adherent cells and, in contrast, HSPCs are non‐ or weakly adherent cells, both can sense and respond to material properties, including surface (bio)chemistry, ECM composition, topography, and matrix elasticity, possibly through similar molecular mechanisms.
WDR35 mutation in siblings with Sensenbrenner syndrome: A ciliopathy with variable phenotype
Authors: Bacino Carlos A. , Dhar Shweta U. , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Lee Brendan , Bonnen Penelope E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSensenbrenner syndrome and unclassified short rib‐polydactyly conditions are ciliopathies with overlapping phenotypes and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in WDR35 were identified recently in a sub‐group of patients with Sensenbrenner syndrome and in a single family that presented with an unclassified form of short‐rib polydactyly (SRP) syndrome. We report on siblings with an unusual combination of phenotypes: narrow thorax, short stature, minor anomalies, developmental delay, and severe hepatic fibrosis leading to liver failure and early death in two of the children. Both parents were unaffected suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. The family and their affected children were followed over a decade. Exome sequencing was performed in one affected individual. It showed a homozygous missense mutation in a highly conserved position of the WDR35 gene. This family represents a WDR35‐ciliopathy with a complex clinical presentation that includes significant overlap of the phenotypes described in Sensenbrenner syndrome and the unclassified SRPs. The accurate molecular diagnosis of this family exemplifies the power of exome sequencing in the diagnosis of Mendelian disorders and enabled us to broaden and refine our understanding of Sensenbrenner syndrome and SRP. Detailed genotype–phenotype information is provided as well as discussion of previously reported cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis and developmental delay in a male with a mosaic deletion in chromosome region Xq11.2
Authors: Chénier Sébastien , Noor Abdul , Dupuis Lucie , Stavropoulos Dimitri J , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOsteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is an X‐linked disease caused by mutations involving WTX (FAM123B), a tumor suppressor protein with dual functions. OSCS typically affects females whereas males generally have fetal or neonatal lethality. Surviving affected males have characteristic facial dysmorphisms, skeletal features such as macrocephaly and short stature, neurodevelopmental disabilities and a high prevalence of neuromuscular anomalies. On imaging, hemizygous males display marked cranial and peripheral skeletal sclerosis without the metaphyseal striations that are seen in women with OSCS. Observations of striation in males may be indicative of a somatic mosaic mutation in WTX. To date only two cases of surviving males haves been confirmed with mosaic point mutations in WTX. We report on the first case of a male with a mosaic deletion of the entire WTX gene. We show that a mosaic deletion in a hemizygous male patient can cause a mild phenotype of OSCS, including facial and skull base bone striations, nasal stenosis, conductive hearing loss, global developmental delay, and mild facial dysmorphology without short stature or macrocephaly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the melting temperature and crystal structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by knotting
Authors: Matsuda Yasuhiro , Ota Yuya , Tasaka Shigeru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA significant increase in the melting temperature of knotted fibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting peak partially returned to the original peak after the fibers were unknotted. Knotted PVDF fibers were observed with an optical microscope at crossed‐nicol conditions. The knotted portions of the fibers showed birefringence even above the melting temperature of the fibers before knotting. The dependence of the physical properties of PVDF under applied stress was estimated in order to investigate the influence of knotting. The fracture temperature of PVDF fibers increased with applied stress below 1 MPa and decreased above 10 MPa because the applied stress increased the melting temperature of PVDF crystals, but strong stress mechanically broke the fibers. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the PVDF fibers under different stress were divided into the peaks of α‐ and β‐phase crystals and amorphous. The peak area of the β‐phase crystal increased and that of the amorphous decreased with applied stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
In situ preparation of transparent polyimide nanocomposite with a small load of graphene oxide
Authors: Shi Heguang , Li Yue , Guo Tianying 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolyimide (PI) nanocomposites with 4,4′‐bisphenol A dianhydride, 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride, and diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA) as comonomers and functionalized with graphene oxide (GO), were prepared by in situ polymerization. Only a small amount of GO (0.03–0.12 wt %) is added to improve the mechanical properties of PI and to avoid a substantial decrease of PI transparence. The nanocomposites are characterized by FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscope, tensile test, and UV‐vis spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the PI/GO composite films possess transmittance of above 80% at wavelengths of 500–800 nm when the GO content is under 0.12 wt %, while the stress intensity and Young's modulus are improved by 29 and 25%, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Was beeinflusst die Entstehung und Verfestigung einer universitären Fachrichtung? Die Entwicklung der Pharmazie an deutschen Universitäten von 1880 bis 1970
Authors: Hartig Christine , Janßen Jörg , Müller‐Benedict Volker , Weckwerth Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhat Determines the Emergence and Establishment of an Academic Discipline? The Development of Pharmacy at German Universities from 1880 to 1970. At universities new specialist subjects are developing steadily, but they rarely become established sub‐disciplines. The leading mechanisms of these processes seldom have been analyzed. The article investigates this problem, the development of the discipline of pharmacy at German universities from 1880 to 1970, from three different viewpoints: the processes inside the university structures, the politics of the organizations of professional pharmacists, and the research promotion invested by the industry. The analysis is based on archival data. It results in the chokepoint that the proximity of neighbouring disciplines and their behaviour are essential. They limited the ways of getting academic reputation and the award of a new specialisation. The professional pharmaceutical organizations rather hindered processes of disciplinary differentiation. The research promotion by the industry had only marginal effect on the development of disciplinary structures.
Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer in Ce3+/Dy3+ co‐doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphors for potential application in ultraviolet white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Yu Hong , Zi Wenwen , Lan Shi , Gan Shucai , Zou Haifeng , Xu Xuechun , Hong Guangyan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSr3MgSi2O8:Ce3+, Dy3+ phosphors were prepared by a solid‐state reaction technique and the photoluminescence properties were investigated. The emission spectra show not only a band due to Ce3+ ions (403 nm) but also as a band due to Dy3+ ions (480, 575 nm) (UV light excitation). The photoluminescence properties reveal that effective energy transfer occurs in Ce3+/Dy3+ co‐doped Sr3MgSi2O8 phosphors, and the co‐doping of Ce3+ could enhance the emission intensity of Dy3+ to a certain extent by transferring its energy to Dy3+. The Ce3+/Dy3+ energy transfer was investigated by emission/excitation spectra, and photoluminescence decay behaviors. In Sr2.94MgSi2O8:0.01Ce3+, 0.05Dy3+ phosphors, the fluorescence lifetime of Dy3+ (from 3.35 to 27.59 ns) is increased whereas that of Ce3+ is greatly decreased (from 43.59 to 13.55 ns), and this provides indirect evidence of the Ce3+ to Dy3+ energy transfer. The varied emitted color of Sr3MgSi2O8:Ce3+, Dy3+ phosphors from blue to white were achieved by altering the concentration ratio of Ce3+ and Dy3+. These results indicate Sr3MgSi2O8:Ce3+, Dy3+ may be as a candidate phosphor for white light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of competitive interactions between ochratoxin A and 13 drug molecules for binding to human serum albumin
Authors: Poór Miklós , Kunsági‐Máté Sándor , Czibulya Zsuzsanna , Li Yin , Peles‐Lemli Beáta , Petrik József , Vladimir‐Knežević Sanda , Kőszegi Tamás 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTOchratoxin A (OTA) is a highly toxic mycotoxin found worldwide in cereals, foods, animal feeds and different drinks. Based on previous studies, OTA is one of the major causes of the chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and exerts several other adverse effects shown by cell and/or animal models. It is a well‐known fact that OTA binds to various albumins with very high affinity. Recently, a few studies suggested that reducing the bound fraction of OTA might reduce its toxicity. Hypothetically, certain drugs can be effective competitors displacing OTA from its albumin complex. Therefore, we examined 13 different drug molecules to determine their competing abilities to displace OTA from human serum albumin (HSA). Competitors and ineffective chemicals were identified with a steady‐state fluorescence polarization‐based method. After characterization the competitive abilities of individual drugs, drug pairs were formed and their displacing activity were tested in OTA‐HSA system. Indometacin, phenylbutazone, warfarin and furosemide showed the highest competing capacity but ibuprofen, glipizide and simvastatin represented detectable interaction too. Investigations of drug pairs raised the possibility of the presence of diverse binding sites of competing drugs. Apart from the chemical information obtained in our model, this explorative research might initiate future designs for epidemiologic studies to gain further in vivo evidence of long‐term (potentially protective) effects of competing drugs administered to human patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene Nanosheets as a Platform for the 2D Ordering of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Mesoporous 2D Aggregate of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles with Improved Electrode Performance
Authors: Lee Jang Mee , Kim In Young , Han Song Yi , Kim Tae Woo , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraphene nanosheets are successfully applied as an effective platform for the 2D ordering of metal oxide nanoparticles. Mesoporous 2D aggregates of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the heat treatment of the uniformly hybridized nanocomposite of layered titanate–reduced graphene oxide (RGO) at elevated temperatures. The precursor layered titanate–RGO nanocomposite is prepared by self‐assembly of anionic RGO nanosheets and cationic TiO2 nanosols. The calcination of the as‐prepared layered titanate–RGO nanocomposite at 500 °C induces a structural and morphological change of layered titanate nanoplates into anatase TiO2 nanoparticles without significant modification of the RGO nanosheet. Increasing the heating temperature to 600 °C gives rise to elimination of the RGO component, leading to the formation of sheetlike porous aggregates of RGO‐free TiO2 nanoparticles. The nanocomposites calcined at 500–700 °C display promising functionality as negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. Among the present calcined derivatives, the 2D sheet‐shaped aggregate of TiO2 nanoparticles obtained from calcination at 600 °C delivers the greatest specific discharge capacity with good capacity retention for all current density conditions applied. Such superior electrode performance of the nanocomposite calcined at 600 °C is attributable both to the improved stability of the crystal structure and crystal morphology of titania and to the enhancement of Li+ ion transport through the enlargement of mesopores. The present findings clearly demonstrate the usefulness of RGO nanosheets as a platform for 2D‐ordered superstructures of metal oxide nanoparticles with improved electrode performance.
A Competitive Strategy Coupled with Endonuclease‐Assisted Target Recycling for DNA Detection Using Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Tagged Carbon Nanospheres as Labels
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Gao Fenglei , Lei Jianping , Dong Haifeng , Ju Huangxian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple competitive strategy was designed for the sensitive detection of sequence‐specific DNA by combining endonuclease‐assisted target recycling and electrochemical stripping analysis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNP‐tagged carbon nanospheres were synthesized by means of in situ reduction of Ag+ adsorbed onto a negatively charged polyelectrolyte layer and functionalized with streptavidin for binding biotin‐labeled DNA strands. The labeled strand was captured on the DNA sensor surface by competitive hybridization of biotinated primer 1 and its cleaved product. The cleaved product could be amplified in homogeneous solution by endonuclease‐assisted target recycling with a Y‐shaped junction DNA structure, thus leading to the correlation of the stripping signal to the target concentration. The functionalized nanosphere was characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The proposed method showed a linear range from 0.1 to 1000 fM with a limit of detection of 0.066 fM (3σ) and good selectivity for base discrimination. The designed strategy provided a sensitive tool for DNA analysis and could be widely applied in bioanalysis and biomedicine.