bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Seed Oil Composition of Nigella sativa L. and N. damascena L. During Seed Maturation Stages
Authors: Telci Isa , Sahin‐Yaglioglu Ayse , Eser Ferda , Aksit Huseyin , Demirtas Ibrahim , Tekin Saban 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNigella sativa and N. damascena are major spices and aromatic plants that are cultivated commonly in Turkey. The fatty acid compositions of full maturated seeds in the species were compared in the research. Variations in the fatty acid composition of the oil in the species were also examined during the four maturation stages of seeds, immature, premature, mature, and delayed mature. Quantitative variation in the fatty acid compositions were significantly (p < 0.01) different between the species. Linoleic and palmitic acid contents were higher statistically (p < 0.01) in N. sativa with 57.0 and 12.5 %, respectively while the oleic acid content was higher in N. damascena with 32.2 %. During the maturation stages, linoleic acid—the main fatty acid in both species—contents decreased regularly from 57 to 51 % during maturation stages in both species. On the other hand, the oleic acid amount (the main saturated fatty acid in both species), increased from immature stages to delayed mature stages and were found to be 20.0 and 27.2 %, respectively. According to the results, it can be concluded that harvesting from fully mature stages is preferable than other stages. This is due not only to the significant difference in fatty acid content of immature and premature stages but also the harvesting loss of the delayed maturation stages.
At Least an Infantogram if not Perinatal Autopsy
Authors: Deka Dipika , Naha Moumita , Dadhwal Vatsla , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo study the feasibility and value of postmortem fetal infantogram (X-ray film) in pregnancies terminated for prenatally diagnosed fetal congenital malformations and stillborn fetuses with congenital anomalies. Forty-two fetuses were diagnosed antenatally by ultrasonography to have fetal congenital malformation, 36 couples opted for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) and intrauterine death (IUD) occurred in six cases. Informed written consent for autopsy including infantogram was given by 41 couples, one couple permitted only radiographs. On infantogram, the antenatal ultrasound diagnoses were confirmed in all the cases of central nervous system anomalies, but were not useful for genitourinary anomalies or cardiac anomalies. In five cases of antenatally suspected skeletal anomalies, radiographs changed the diagnosis of thanatophoric dwarf to osteogenesis imperfecta type llC in one case and achondrogenesis type 1B in another case. Infantogram made the syndromic diagnosis in three cases—sirenomelia, Roberts syndrome and caudal regression syndrome. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed at infantogram in a case missed on ultrasound. In three cases of nonimmune hydrops, X-ray films correlated with ultrasound findings, but could not find the cause. If autopsy, the ‘goal standard’ test is refused or cannot be done, at least an infantogram should routinely be done in pregnancies terminated for prenatally diagnosed fetal congenital malformations and stillborn fetuses with congenital anomalies, as it is noninvasive, easily available and consent given. It may change the diagnosis and counseling for future pregnancies, hence very useful in perinatal medicine.
Business transformation towards sustainability
Authors: Müller Anna-Luisa , Pfleger Regina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSustainability is becoming increasingly important in today’s corporate world and can contribute to the current and future success of organizations. Integrating ecological, social, and economic objectives into corporate decisions is a key success factor for transformation towards sustainability. As sustainability is not achieved by single actions, but rather is an on-going process, decision-makers must have means to analyze the current state of an organization. For this, we first illustrate how companies can structure the field of action for the transformation towards sustainability. Furthermore, we propose a decision model to determine how sustainability actions should be implemented in accordance with the paradigm of value-based management, i.e., considering their economic effects. We illustrate the application of the approach using the example of a German medium-sized company.

Executive summary

Recently, organizations have recognized sustainability as an emerging mega-trend and as an increasingly important strategic goal. Its integration into the business model can be a key success factor, but also a challenge that requires a systematic approach. In order to comprehensively steer corporate sustainability, with the aim of minimizing negative externalities while maximizing positive effects, companies first need to structure their processes to achieve transparency on where sustainability actions can be incorporated. By furthermore considering the three dimensions of sustainability, possible starting points for sustainability actions can be identified. These two perspectives are complemented by adapting the basic idea of stages of development and maturity to sustainability context, as a way to capture the progress of sustainability actions within each corporate activity. The resulting “Sustainability Maturity Cube” serves as a blueprint, i.e., a first generic approach, of how an organization can structure the field of action for the transformation towards sustainability. Considering the paradigm of value-based management in business context, economic effects of the transformation towards sustainability have to be regarded. We therefore, also propose a decision model, which allows aligning ecological, social and economic objectives in order to draw economically useful conclusions by determining the optimal increase of the sustainability maturity level. To evaluate whether our approach proves useful for subject matter experts who are involved in sustainability decisions, we provide a first example of how a specific company can transform towards sustainability.
Respectful maternity care in three health facilities in Burkina Faso: The experience of the Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouédraogo Ali , Kiemtoré Sibraogo , Zamané Hyacinthe , Bonané Blandine T. , Akotionga Michel , Lankoande Jean 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians of Burkina Faso (SOGOB) conducted a project to reinforce skills in respectful maternity care among its members and health workers at three facilities. The participatory process allowed health workers to self‐diagnose quality of care, recognize their own responsibility, propose solutions, and pledge respectful care commitments that were specific for each unit. Key commitments included good reception; humanistic clinical examination; attentive listening and responsiveness to patient needs; privacy, discretion, and confidentiality; availability; and comfort. These commitments can potentially be modified after each evaluation by SOGOB. Poor working conditions were found to negatively impact on quality of care. High staff turnover, frequent technical malfunctions, and inadequate infrastructure were identified as issues that require future focus to ensure improvements in quality of care are sustainable. Programs that aim to improve the maternity experience by linking good practice with humanistic care merit rollout to all healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso.
A quantitative midge-based reconstruction of mean July air temperature from a high-elevation site in central Colorado, USA, for MIS 6 and 5
Authors: Haskett Danielle R. , Porinchu David F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSediments recovered from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (ZRFS) in Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA) were analyzed for subfossil chironomids (or midges). The midge stratigraphy spans ~140–77 ka, which includes the end of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and all of MIS 5. Notable shifts in midge assemblages occurred during two discrete intervals: the transition from MIS 6 to MIS 5e and midway through MIS 5a. A regional calibration set, incorporating lakes from the Colorado Rockies, Sierra Nevada, and Uinta Mountains, was used to develop a midge-based mean July air temperature (MJAT) inference model (r2jack= 0.61, RMSEP = 0.97°C). Model results indicate that the transition from MIS 6 to MIS 5e at the ZRFS was characterized by an increase in MJAT from ~9.0 to 10.5°C. The results also indicate that temperatures gradually increased through MIS 5 before reaching a maximum of 13.3°C during MIS 5a. This study represents the first set of quantitative, midge-based MJAT estimates in the continental U.S. that spans the entirety of MIS 5. Overall, our results suggest that conditions in the Colorado Rockies throughout MIS 5 were cooler than today, as the upper limit of the reconstructed temperatures is ~2°C below modern July air temperatures.
Unsettling Expectations: (Un)certainty, Settler States of Feeling, Law, and Decolonization1
Authors: Mackey Eva 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGuaranteeing “certainty” (for governments, business development, society, etc.) is often the goal of state land rights settlements with Indigenous peoples in Canada. Certainty is also often seen as an unequivocally desirable and positive state of affairs. This paper explores how certainty and uncertainty intersect with the challenges of decolonization in North America. I explore how settler certainty and entitlement to Indigenous land has been constructed in past colonial and current national laws, land policies, and ideologies. Then, drawing on data from fieldwork among activists against land rights, I argue that their deep anger about their uncertainty regarding land and their futures helps to reveal how certainty and entitlement underpin “settler states of feeling” (Rifkin). If one persistent characteristic of settler colonialism is settler certainty and entitlement, then decolonization, both for settlers and for jurisprudence, may therefore mean embracing uncertainty. I conclude by discussing the relationship between certainty, uncertainty, and decolonization.
Jurisdiction and Settler Colonialism: Where Do Laws Meet?
Authors: Pasternak Shiri 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To engage in the question of what it means to decolonize law, we must ask by what authority a law has the authority to be invoked and to govern. In this paper, I describe the conditions necessary for the exercise of Canadian law as being the work of jurisdiction, and I call into question Canada’s legality and legitimacy in making jurisdictional claims. Decolonizing law means deconstructing the state’s grounds to inaugurate law on lands acquired through colonial settlement. By critically examining law’s geography and scope I call into question the modern definition of territory itself. Further, I draw attention to jurisdiction as a conceptual framework for understanding the specificities of settler colonialism; illustrate jurisdiction as a historical concept, distinct from territory and sovereignty; and show some of the ways in which jurisdiction is enacted to govern across multiple scales and issues.
The influence of nonlinear bottom friction on the properties of decaying cyclonic and anticyclonic vortex structures in a shallow rotated fluid
Authors: Kostrykin S. V. , Khapaev A. A. , Yakushkin I. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe problem of the decay of intense vortices in a shallow rotated neutrally stratified fluid is considered using simulations with a modified model of von Kármán type and laboratory experiments. The numerical model describes a forced axisymmetric vortex, vertically confined, but infinite in the horizontal plane. It may be used for comparisons with laboratory experiments, in which a quasi-turbulent eddy flow is generated, using magnetohydrodynamic forcing. A detailed analysis of simulations of the free decay of the flow from an initial state, given either by an arbitrary Poiseuille or by a forced stationary profile of vorticity, is provided. Based on this analysis, three different regimes of decay of intense anticyclones in the parameter space of the Ekman and initial Rossby numbers are found. It is shown that anticyclones with large enough Rossby and small enough Ekman numbers may decay to a non-trivial stationary state, or at least they decay much slower than cyclones of the same intensity. The laboratory experiments show much slower decay of intense anticyclones than weak anticyclones or cyclones, and also a dominance of anticyclones over cyclones during the initial stage of decay. These observations qualitatively agree with theoretical predictions.
Uniform Bands
Authors: Albert Justin , Pastijn Francis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA semigroupBin which every element is an idempotent can be embedded into such a semigroupB′, where all the local submonoids are isomorphic, and in such a way thatBandB′satisfy the same equational identities. In view of the properties preserved under this embedding, a corresponding embedding theorem is obtained for regular semigroups whose idempotents form a subsemigroup.
PHILIP HITTI, BRAZIL, AND THE DIASPORIC HISTORIES OF AREA STUDIES
Authors: Karam John Tofik 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article rethinks area studies through the diasporic histories of influential graduates of the Syrian Protestant College. My focus is on Philip Hitti and his ties with fellow alumni who migrated to the Brazilian city of São Paulo. Examining his first visit to Brazil in 1925, letter exchanges through the 1940s, and a second trip in 1951, I ask how Hitti and São Paulo-based alumni sought to establish an Arab studies program in Brazil. In borrowing a template for studying the Middle East, Hitti and colleagues imbued it with a widespread sentiment that Arab and Muslim legacies of the Iberian peninsula had shaped Portugal, and thus Brazil's historical and linguistic formation. They relocated a model of area studies but refitted its content. In revealing how the institution of area studies moved across and merged with varied sociocultural settings, these diasporic histories provincialize the U.S. model for knowing the Middle East.
THE ICONOSTASIS IN THE REPUBLICAN MOSQUE: TRANSFORMED RELIGIOUS SITES AS ARTIFACTS OF INTERSECTING RELIGIOSCAPES
Authors: Tanyeri-Erdemir Tuğba , Hayden Robert M. , Erdemir Aykan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper we focus on the Republican Mosque in Derinkuyu, Turkey, a Greek Orthodox church built in 1859 and transformed into a mosque in 1949 that still exhibits many obviously Christian structural features not found in most such converted churches. We utilize the concept ofreligioscape, defined as the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that build them, to analyze the historical transformations of the building, and show that this incongruity marks a specific stage in the long-term competitive sharing of space by the two religiously defined communities concerned. This shared but contested space is larger than that of the building or even the town of Derinkuyu. We argue that syncretism without sharing correlates with a lack of need to show dominance symbolically, since the community that had lost the sacred building had been displaced as a group, and was no longer present to be impressed or intimidated.
LABOR ACTIVISM AND THE STATE IN THE OTTOMAN TOBACCO INDUSTRY
Authors: Nacar Can 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the late 19th and early 20th century, tobacco exports from the Ottoman Empire rapidly increased. Thousands of workers began to earn their livelihoods in warehouses, sorting and baling tobacco leaves according to their qualities. Ottoman towns where tobacco warehouses were concentrated soon became the sites of frequent labor protests. This article analyzes strikes that broke out in two such towns, İskeçe (Xanthi) and Kavala, in 1904 and 1905. It underlines the active role of the Ottoman government in the settlement of these strikes. It also shows that mobilized tobacco workers devised effective protest tactics and often secured a say in key decisions, such as when and under what conditions the warehouses operated. However, in both towns, labor activism was characterized by fragmentation as well as unity. The workers who took to the streets did not equally share the burdens and benefits of their collective actions. That inequality, the article argues, was rooted in gendered power relations, intercommunal rivalries, and other social tensions among the workers.
Chlorophyll estimation in field crops: an assessment of handheld leaf meters and spectral reflectance measurements
Authors: CASA R. , CASTALDI F. , PASCUCCI S. , PIGNATTI S. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe widespread adoption by agronomists and researchers of handheld leaf chlorophyll meters stimulates enquiries on instrumental calibration issues, given the necessity, for some applications, of inferring actual chlorophyll concentrations from the readings provided. This is especially required for recently developed and more innovative devices such as the Dualex (Force-A, France), which unlike the more common SPAD-502 (Minolta, Japan) has not undergone extensive (published) calibration tests. Additionally, devices for spectral reflectance measurements are also becoming increasingly available. In the present paper, the calibration of SPAD on maize (Zea mays L.) and of Dualex on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), horse bean (Vicia faba L.) and maize, was compared to spectral reflectance indices and full spectral information (400–2500 nm) acquired by a spectroradiometer (ASD FieldSpec) equipped with a contact probe and leaf clip. Full spectral data were exploited using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The measurements were performed in the field at Maccarese (Central Italy) in 2012, gathering a specific experimental dataset. The calibration models obtained on experimental data for SPAD (on maize) and Dualex (on four crops) showed intermediate or high estimation accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values ranging between 7 and 11 μg/cm2 depending on the species. These results were slightly better than those achieved using spectral reflectance indices, which were inferior though to those provided by PLSR using full spectral resolution. A synthetic database, generated by the physically based PROSPECT model, simulating hemispherical leaf reflectance and transmittance, was used to compare the performances of the reflectance indices and the chlorophyll meters for a wider range of leaf properties. The results confirmed the substantial equivalence of reflectance-based and transmittance-based (i.e. simulated SPAD and Dualex) indices and the advantage of exploiting the full spectral information, e.g. through PLSR, if available.
Do Happy People Make Optimistic Investors?
Authors: Kaplanski Guy , Levy Haim , Veld Chris , Veld-Merkoulova Yulia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDo happy people predict future risk and return differently from unhappy people, or do individuals rely only on economic facts? We survey investors on their subjective sentiment-creating factors, return and risk expectations, and investment plans. We find that noneconomic factors systematically affect return and risk expectations, where the return effect is more profound. Investment plans are also affected by noneconomic factors. Sports results and general feelings significantly affect predictions. Sufferers from seasonal affective disorder have lower return expectations in the autumn than in other seasons, supporting the winter blues hypothesis.
Operational modelling to guide implementation and scale-up of diagnostic tests within the health system: exploring opportunities for parasitic disease diagnostics based on example application for tuberculosis
Authors: LANGLEY IVOR , ADAMS EMILY , DOULLA BASRA , SQUIRE S. BERTEL 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYResearch and innovation in the diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases has led to the development of several promising diagnostic tools, for example in malaria there is extensive literature concerning the use of rapid diagnostic tests. This means policymakers in many low and middle income countries need to make difficult decisions about which of the recommended tools and approaches to implement and scale-up. The test characteristics (e.g. sensitivity and specificity) of the tools alone are not a sufficient basis on which to make these decisions as policymakers need to also consider the best combination of tools, whether the new tools should complement or replace existing diagnostics and who should be tested. Diagnostic strategies need dovetailing to different epidemiology and structural resource constraints (e.g. existing diagnostic pathways, human resources and laboratory capacity). We propose operational modelling to assist with these complex decisions. Projections of patient, health system and cost impacts are essential and operational modelling of the relevant elements of the health system could provide these projections and support rational decisions. We demonstrate how the technique of operational modelling applied in the developing world to support decisions on diagnostics for tuberculosis, could in a parallel way, provide useful insights to support implementation of appropriate diagnostic innovations for parasitic diseases.
Sustained release of recombinant surface antigen 2 (rSAG2) from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles extends protective cell-mediated immunity against Toxoplasma gondii in mice
Authors: CHUANG SHU-CHUN , YANG CHUNG-DA 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYCurrent development efforts of subunit vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii, the aetiological agent of toxoplasmosis, have been focused mainly on tachyzoite surface antigens (SAGs) such as SAG2, due to their attachment roles in the process of host-cell invasion. In the present study, we aimed to produce poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles (MPs) containing recombinant SAG2 (rSAG2) to induce improved immunity against T. gondii. The resulting PLG-encapsulated rSAG2 (PLG-rSAG2) MPs, 2·14–3·63 μm in diameter, showed 74–80% entrapment efficiency and gradually released antigenic rSAG2 protein (88·3% of the total protein load) for a long 33-day period. Peritoneal immunization with PLG-rSAG2 MPs in BALB/c mice resulted in not only sustained (10 weeks) lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production but also an improved protective capacity (87%) against a lethal subcutaneous challenge of 1×104 live tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH strain). In conclusion, the sustained release of rSAG2 protein from PLG-rSAG2 MPs extends Th1 cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production) and induces improved protection against T. gondii tachyzoite infection in mice.