bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering job search among older workers: the case for pension reform
Authors: García-Pérez J. Ignacio , Sánchez-Martín Alfonso R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Employment rates among senior workers (aged 55 or over) in southern Europe are among the lowest in OECD economies. Spain is a paradigmatic example, with high unemployment rates and very low workforce reentry rates for unemployed workers. Poor demand is typically blamed for this problem, but the interaction of pension rules and unemployment insurance may also play an important role in this outcome. Generous unemployment benefits, lax search requirements for the unemployed and strong early retirement penalties imposed on “regular” retirees effectively create an alternative path to early retirement.
In this paper, we explore this alternative path quantitatively. We develop a model of job search and retirement behavior, calibrate it to the specificities of the Spanish case and verify its empirical validity in a large administrative dataset of employment histories. We then explore the effectiveness of pension reform in increasing the labor supply and overall welfare. We link early retirement penalties to the age at which an individual stops paying contributions. This reform removes the incentives to remain unemployed without searching and thus encourages individuals to either retire or actively engage in job seeking. The reform also leads to significant welfare losses, especially among the previously non-participating unemployed who are close to the early retirement age; however, the reform also raises sufficient additional resources that public authorities can use to compensate all affected workers.

JEL codes
J64; J68; J26
Migration magnet: the role of work experience in rural–urban wage differentials
Authors: Michaelsen Maren M. , Haisken-DeNew John P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study uses the nationally representative Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS) to identify systematic differences in earnings returns to human capital endowments for formal and informal sector workers in rural and urban Mexico. Returns to experience are critical in explaining the large urban wage gap in a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and indeed drive pull migration from the rural informal sector to the urban informal sector, exacerbating urban population congestion in already over-crowded main cities. Targeted rural industrial planning is essential to offset pull migration and ensure a more balanced urban/rural development through incentives.JEL classification:J24, J31, R23, Q15
An exploration of testosterone levels in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Wooderson Sarah C. , Gallagher Peter , Watson Stuart , Young Allan H. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundTestosterone influences well-being, mood and cognition and may play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.AimTo examine testosterone levels in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls.MethodWe examined baseline total testosterone levels and current depression scores in male and female patients with bipolar disorder and mild to moderate depression and healthy controls.ResultsA significant interaction between diagnosis and gender was observed (F(2,97)=9.791, P=0.002). Testosterone levels were significantly lower for male patients with bipolar disorder compared with male controls (P=0.001). Women with bipolar disorder had significantly higher testosterone levels than female controls (P=0.03).ConclusionsDisturbances in testosterone levels may represent an important neurobiological abnormality in bipolar disorder and may differ by gender. If these findings are confirmed, the use of gender appropriate treatment strategies for the normalisation of testosterone levels in bipolar disorder depression should be further explored.
Down, But Not Out: Partial Elimination of Androgen Receptors in the Male Mouse Brain Does Not Affect Androgenic Regulation of Anxiety or HPA Activity
Authors: Chen Chieh V. , Brummet Jennifer L. , Jordan Cynthia L. , Breedlove S. Marc 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe previously found that androgen receptor (AR) activity mediates two effects of T in adult male mice: reduction of anxiety-like behaviors and dampening of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress. To determine whether brain ARs mediate these effects, we used the Cre/loxP technology seeking to disable AR throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Female mice carrying the floxed AR allele (ARlox) were crossed with males carrying cre recombinase transgene controlled by the nestin promoter (NesCre), producing cre in developing neurons and glia. Among male offspring, four genotypes resulted: males carrying ARlox and NesCre (NesARko), and three control groups (wild types, NesCre, and ARlox). Reporter mice indicated ubiquitous Cre expression throughout the CNS. Nevertheless, AR immunocytochemistry in NesARko mice revealed efficient knockout (KO) of AR in some brain regions (hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]), but not others. Substantial AR protein was seen in the amygdala and hypothalamus among other regions, whereas negligible AR remained in others like the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and dorsal periaqueductal gray. This selective KO allowed for testing the role of AR in hippocampus and mPFC. Males were castrated and implanted with T at postnatal day 60 before testing on postnatal day 90–100. In contrast with males with global KO of AR, T still modulated anxiety-related behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in NesARko males. These results leave open the possibility that AR acting in the CNS mediates these effects of T, but demonstrate that AR is not required in the hippocampus or mPFC for T's anxiolytic effects.
XBP1 Regulates the Biosynthetic Capacity of the Mammary Gland During Lactation by Controlling Epithelial Expansion and Endoplasmic Reticulum Formation
Authors: Davis Kristen R. , Giesy Sarah L. , Long Qiaoming , Krumm Christopher S. , Harvatine Kevin J. , Boisclair Yves R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Cells composing the mammary secretory compartment have evolved a high capacity to secrete not only proteins but also triglycerides and carbohydrates. This feature is illustrated by the mouse, which can secrete nearly twice its own weight in milk proteins, triglycerides and lactose over a short 20-day lactation. The coordination of synthesis and export of products in other secretory cells is orchestrated in part by the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). To assess the role of XBP1 in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), we studied floxed XBP1 female mice lacking (wild type; WT) or expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter (ΔXBP1MEC). Pregnant ΔXBP1MEC females had morphologically normal mammary development and gave birth to the same number of pups as WT mice. Their litters, however, suffered a weight gain deficit by lactation day 3 (L3)3 that grew to 80% by L14. ΔXBP1MEC dams had only modest changes in milk composition (−21% protein, +24% triglyceride) and in the expression of associated genes in isolated MEC. By L5, WT glands were fully occupied by dilated alveoli, whereas ΔXBP1MEC glands contained fewer, mostly unfilled alveoli and retained a prominent adipocyte population. The smaller epithelial compartment in ΔXBP1MEC glands was explained by lower MEC proliferation and increased apoptosis. Finally, endoplasmic reticulum ribbons were less abundant in ΔXBP1MEC at pregnancy day 18 and failed to increase in abundance by L5. Collectively, these results show that XBP1 is required for MEC population expansion during lactation and its ability to develop an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum compartment.
Both Estrogen and Androgen Modify the Response to Activation of Neurokinin-3 and κ-Opioid Receptors in Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons From Male Mice
Authors: Ruka Kristen A. , Burger Laura L. , Moenter Suzanne M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Gonadal steroids regulate the pattern of GnRH secretion. Arcuate kisspeptin (kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin [KNDy]) neurons may convey steroid feedback to GnRH neurons. KNDy neurons increase action potential firing upon the activation of neurokinin B receptors (neurokinin-3 receptor [NK3R]) and decrease firing upon the activation of dynorphin receptors (κ-opioid receptor [KOR]). In KNDy neurons from intact vs castrated male mice, NK3R-mediated stimulation is attenuated and KOR-mediated inhibition enhanced, suggesting gonadal secretions are involved. Estradiol suppresses spontaneous GnRH neuron firing in male mice, but the mediators of the effects on firing in KNDy neurons are unknown. We hypothesized the same gonadal steroids affecting GnRH firing pattern would regulate KNDy neuron response to NK3R and KOR agonists. To test this possibility, extracellular recordings were made from KNDy neurons in brain slices from intact, untreated castrated or castrated adult male mice treated in vivo with steroid receptor agonists. As observed previously, the stimulation of KNDy neurons by the NK3R agonist senktide was attenuated in intact vs castrated mice and suppression by dynorphin was enhanced. In contrast to observations of steroid effects on the GnRH neuron firing pattern, both estradiol and DHT suppressed senktide-induced KNDy neuron firing and enhanced the inhibition caused by dynorphin. An estrogen receptor-α agonist but not an estrogen receptor-β agonist mimicked the effects of estradiol on NK3R activation. These observations suggest the steroid modulation of responses to activation of NK3R and KOR as mechanisms for negative feedback in KNDy neurons and support the contribution of these neurons to steroid-sensitive elements of a GnRH pulse generator.
Androgen Deficiency Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Male Mice
Authors: Dubois Vanessa , Laurent Michaël R. , Jardi Ferran , Antonio Leen , Lemaire Katleen , Goyvaerts Lotte , Deldicque Louise , Carmeliet Geert , Decallonne Brigitte , Vanderschueren Dirk , Claessens Frank 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Androgen deficiency is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men, but the mechanisms behind these associations remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of androgen deficiency and high-fat diet (HFD) on body composition and glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6J male mice. Two models of androgen deficiency were used: orchidectomy (ORX) and androgen receptor knockout mice. Both models displayed higher adiposity and serum leptin levels upon HFD, whereas no differences were seen on a regular diet. Fat accumulation in HFD ORX animals was accompanied by increased sedentary behavior and occurred in spite of reduced food intake. HFD ORX mice showed white adipocyte hypertrophy, correlated with decreased mitochondrial content but not function as well as increased lipogenesis and decreased lipolysis suggested by the up-regulation of fatty acid synthase and the down-regulation of hormone-sensitive lipase. Both ORX and androgen receptor knockout exacerbated HFD-induced glucose intolerance by impairing insulin action in liver and skeletal muscle, as evidenced by the increased triglyceride and decreased glycogen content in these tissues. In addition, serum IL-1β levels were elevated, and pancreatic insulin secretion was impaired after ORX. Testosterone but not dihydrotestosterone supplementation restored the castration effects on body composition and glucose homeostasis. We conclude that sex steroid deficiency in combination with HFD exacerbates adiposity, insulin resistance, and β-cell failure in 2 preclinical male mouse models. Our findings stress the importance of a healthy diet in a clinical context of androgen deficiency and may have implications for the prevention of metabolic alterations in hypogonadal men.
Leadership and Incentives
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W. , Reme Bjørn-Atle , Sørensen Erik Ø. , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: November 2015

We study how leader compensation affects public goods provision. We report from a lab experiment with four treatments, where the base treatment was a standard public goods game with simultaneous contribution decisions, and the three other treatments allowed participants to volunteer to be the leader in their group and make their contribution before the others. In the three leader treatments, we manipulated the level of compensation given to the leader. Our main finding is that a moderate compensation to the leader is beneficial; it increases the average contribution relative to both a situation where the leader is not compensated and a situation without a leader. A further increase in the leader compensation, however, is detrimental to public goods provision; it attracts more free riders and creates a social crowding-out effect. Finally, we report from a survey showing that the social crowding-out effect is also present in the population at large. We argue that the main findings of the paper are important in many real-life settings where we would like to use economic incentives to encourage people to lead by example. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
A look at phase-III cardiac rehabilitation and the complexity of patient care
Authors: Fallon Noeleen , McKee Gabrielle , Quirke Mary , Flynn Nora , Finn Caroline 
Published: November 2015

This study aims to explore problems and outcomes that occurred during well-attended phase-III cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-site study that extracted data from case notes on all patients who attended phase III over 1 year. Results: The study included 227 patients, 75% of which were males, and an average age of 61 years; 69% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and attendance was 81%. Risk factor target levels were achieved in the following proportions: hypertension, 99%; LDL, 75%; anxiety, 97%; depression, 99%; and obesity, 30%. A total of 1246 additional problems (average 5.5 per patient) were addressed. These included chest pain, arrhythmias, hypotension, dizziness and light-headedness. Conclusion: The use of an individualised, holistic approach, and addressing the additional problems that arose during cardiac rehabilitation proved effective in delivering a well-attended programme, with successful patient outcomes. However, it did stretch the team and success may be difficult to sustain.
Effect of a new compression garment on adherence: results of a patient satisfaction survey
Authors: Münter Christian 
Published: November 2015

Traditionally, knee-high compression stockings apply a slightly higher pressure at the top band to keep them in place. However, some patients find this uncomfortable, which can affect adherence. The Jobst Opaque SoftFit stocking contains a silicone yarn in the top band, which is designed to keep it in place without exerting extra pressure. A survey was undertaken to determine if the SoftFit stocking was more acceptable to patients than the compression stockings they had worn previously, and to identify its effects on the symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Patients with CVD living in the community were recruited from four federal states in Germany. They wore the test stocking for 7 days. Data collected on days 1 and 7 compared their perceptions of the test stocking with those of the conventional compression stockings worn previously. The results showed that, compared with the previous stockings used, the majority of patients considered the test stocking to be more comfortable at the top band and more likely to stay in place, while many no longer experienced some of the clinical symptoms of CVD such as heavy legs, pain in the legs and itching or dry skin.
Platelet aggregation in response to ADP is highly variable in normal donors and patients on anti-platelet medication
Authors: Dunne Eimear , Egan Karl , McFadden Siobhán , Foley David , Kenny Dermot 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: P2Y12 inhibitors are indicated in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention. Several studies have demonstrated that high on treatment platelet reactivity is correlated with outcomes yet prospective studies of guided therapy have failed to show benefit. There is a paucity of studies on the platelet aggregation response to ADP before P2Y12 therapy is started. The aim of this study was to characterize platelet responses to 20 μM ADP by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) in a homogenous population.

Methods: Platelet aggregation was assessed in 201 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, 98 patients on aspirin alone and 47 normal, healthy volunteers free from anti-platelet medication.

Results: Consensus guidelines suggest that a platelet aggregation response in response to the agonist ADP of <57% is an adequate therapeutic response to P2Y12 inhibition. Seven healthy donors and 38 patients taking aspirin only had aggregation responses below 57%.

Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that 15% of normal donors and 38% of patients taking aspirin only would be classified as having a therapeutic response to P2Y12 inhibition using current guidelines.
Role of Particle Size in Tea Infusion Process
Authors: Farakte Raosaheb A. , Yadav Geeta , Joshi Bhushan , Patwadhan Ashwin W. , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo different types of CTC (Crush, Tear and Curl) teas were used for infusion kinetics study. Infusion kinetics for these and their ground and sieved fractions were studied over a 15-min period at 60°C and 80°C. Samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results of infusion have been interpreted in terms of gallic acid equivalence (GAE). Fractions with smaller particle size show faster infusion. First-order rate constants for largest and smallest fractions were 0.257–0.685 min−1, respectively, at 60°C. A quasi-steady-state model was developed, which determines initial dissolution rate, diffusion rate from actual infusion rate and hence rate controlling step. At 80°C, the infusion rate of the 0.33 mm granules was found to be 98% of the dissolution rate as compared to 68% in case of 1.99 mm granules. The diffusivity values were found to be 2.23×10−10m2/s and 4.34×10−10m2/s at 60°C and 80°C, respectively.
Synthesis of novel penta and hexa coordinated monobutyltin(IV) derivatives based on oximes and N-protected amino acids
Authors: Srivastava Manish Kumar , Maheshwari Karuna , Jain Asha , Saxena Sanjiv 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSeveral new monobutyltin(IV) derivatives containing both oximes and N-protected amino acids have been generated. The compounds having the general formulae BuSn[(L)
Development of several chromatography extraction separations for the
measurement of minority elements present in high level radioactive
solutions
Authors: Maillard Christophe , Esbelin Eric , Dautheribes Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Five chromatography extraction separation methods using Triskem columns were
developed for the measurement of minority elements present in high level
activity solutions produced by various programs (processes of
hydrometallurgical extraction, dissolution of hulls and spent fuels)
implemented in the Atalante facility at CEA Marcoule. The first three concern
the Purex process, for which it is necessary to quantify Np + Pu traces in
the main raffinate, Np traces in the “U-Pu production” step, and Tc traces
in the “U production” to qualify its performances. Total recovery of these
traces was obtained with a good macro-element decontamination factor, thus
permitting their determination by L-line X-ray fluorescence or by ICP-QMS. The
fourth separation focussed on the total recovery of U and Pu traces from
a hull dissolution solution. The decontamination and recovery performances
were very good and enabled the determination of U and Pu by L-line X-ray
fluorescence. The last method concerns the separation of Zr from an irradiated
fuel dissolution solution, for its isotopic composition determination by
ICP-QMS. Excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental
measurements and computer code estimates.
SrPt2Al2 – A (3+2)D-incommensurately modulated variant of the CaBe2Ge2 type structure
Authors: Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Stegemann Frank , Janka Oliver 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The first ternary compound in the Sr–Pt–Al system, SrPt2Al2, was synthesized by melting of the elements in a sealed niobium tube in a high frequency furnace. The structure of SrPt2Al2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the basis of data sets recorded at 90, 150, 210, 270 and 300 K. The compound crystallizes in an incommensurately modulated (3+2)D structure being related to the tetragonal primitive CaBe2Ge2 type structure. The structure was refined in the orthorhombic superspace group Pmmn(α,0,0)0s0(0,β,0)s00 (α=0.222(1) a*, β=0.224(1) b*, a=b=436.89(5), c=1010.16(13) pm at 90 K) with R
M=0.0403, R
S,1=0.0597 and R
S,2=0.2046. The structural relation with CaBe2Ge2 along with a refinement in the tetragonal superspace group P4/nmm(α,0,0)0000(0,α,0)00s0 is discussed with respect to the temperature dependence of the q-vectors and by group-subgroup relations. The modulation, from the standpoint of the crystal chemistry, is mainly caused by the distortion of the Pt arrangements within the pseudo-tetragonal ab plane.
Nano-SiO2: a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3-di(aryl)indolin-2-ones under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Khalili Zahra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3-di(aryl)indolin-2-ones have been synthesized by nano-SiO2 as green, heterogeneous, and reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature via magnetic stirring and grinding methods. A plausible mechanism of condensation has also been presented.
Special Judo Fitness Test Level and Anthropometric Profile of Elite Spanish Judo Athletes
Authors: Casals Cristina , Huertas Jesús R. , Franchini Emerson , Sterkowicz-Przybycień Katarzyna , Sterkowicz Stanislaw , Gutiérrez-García Carlos , Escobar-Molina Raquel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Casals, C, Huertas, JR, Franchini, E, Sterkowicz-Przybycień, K, Sterkowicz, S, Gutiérrez-García, C, and Escobar-Molina, R. Special judo fitness test level and anthropometric profile of elite spanish judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1229–1235, 2017—The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric variables that best predict Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance. In addition, anthropometric profiles of elite Spanish judo athletes were compared by sex and age category (seniors and juniors). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 51 (29 females) athletes from the Spanish National Judo Team were evaluated during a competitive period. All athletes performed the SJFT and underwent an anthropometric assessment through skinfold thickness measurements. Mann-Whitney comparisons by sex and age category showed that males had significantly higher muscle mass and lower fat mass than females (p < 0.001), whereas juniors and seniors exhibited few differences in body composition. Linear regression analyses (stepwise method) were performed to explore the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and SJFT variables. Model 1 included sex, age category, and body mass as predictors. Body mass and sex significantly predicted the SJFT index (R
2 = 0.27, p < 0.001); thus, both criteria should be considered before interpreting the test. The predictors of model 2 were quick-assessment variables, including skinfolds, breadths, girths, and height. This regression model showed that the biceps skinfold significantly predicted the SJFT index in elite athletes (R
2 = 0.31, p < 0.001). Model 3 included body compositions and somatotypes as predictors. Higher muscle and bone masses and lower ectomorphy were associated with better SJFT performance (R
2 = 0.44, p < 0.001). Hence, training programs should attempt to increase the muscle mass percentage and reduce the upper arm fat, whereas the bone percentage could be considered in the selection of talented athletes in conjunction with other factors.