bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers for Psychosis: Are We There Yet? Umbrella Review of 1478 Biomarkers
Authors: Fuentes-Claramonte Paola , Estradé Andrés , Solanes Aleix , Ramella-Cravaro Valentina , Garcia-Leon Maria Angeles , de Diego-Adeliño Javier , Molins Conrad , Fung Eric , Valentí Marc , Anmella Gerard , Pomarol-Clotet Edith , Oliver Dominic , Vieta Eduard , Radua Joaquim , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
This umbrella review aims to comprehensively synthesize the evidence of association between peripheral, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropathological, and other biomarkers and diagnosis of psychotic disorders.

Study Design
We selected systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies on diagnostic biomarkers for psychotic disorders, published until February 1, 2018. Data extraction was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Evidence of association between biomarkers and psychotic disorders was classified as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or non-significant, using a standardized classification. Quality analyses used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool.

Study Results
The umbrella review included 110 meta-analyses or systematic reviews corresponding to 3892 individual studies, 1478 biomarkers, and 392 210 participants. No factor showed a convincing level of evidence. Highly suggestive evidence was observed for transglutaminase autoantibodies levels (odds ratio [OR] = 7.32; 95% CI: 3.36, 15.94), mismatch negativity in auditory event-related potentials (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.96), P300 component latency (SMD = −0.6; 95% CI: −0.83, −0.38), ventricle-brain ratio (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.71), and minor physical anomalies (SMD = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.34). Suggestive evidence was observed for folate, malondialdehyde, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, homocysteine, P50 sensory gating (P50 S2/S1 ratio), frontal N-acetyl-aspartate, and high-frequency heart rate variability. Among the remaining biomarkers, weak evidence was found for 626 and a non-significant association for 833 factors.

Conclusions
While several biomarkers present highly suggestive or suggestive evidence of association with psychotic disorders, methodological biases, and underpowered studies call for future higher-quality research.
Exposure to prenatal excess or imbalanced micronutrients leads to long‐term perturbations in one‐carbon metabolism, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide and DNA methylation in Wistar rat offspring
Authors: Shelp Gia V. , Dong Jianzhang , Orlov Nikolai O. , Malysheva Olga V. , Bender Erica , Shoveller Anna K. , Bakovic Marica , Cho Clara E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrenatal multivitamins, including folic acid, are commonly consumed in excess, whereas choline, an essential nutrient and an important source of labile methyl groups, is underconsumed. Here, we characterized profiles of one‐carbon metabolism and related pathways and patterns of DNA methylation in offspring exposed to excess or imbalanced micronutrients prenatally. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either recommended 1× vitamins (RV), high 10× vitamins (HV), high 10× folic acid with recommended choline (HFolRC), or high 10× folic acid with no choline (HFolNC). Offspring were weaned to a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. Circulating metabolites were analyzed with a focus on the hypothalamus, an area known to be under epigenetic regulation. HV, HFolRC, and HFolNC males had higher body weight (BW) and lower plasma choline and methionine consistent with lower hypothalamic S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM):S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and global DNA methylation compared with RV. HV and HFolNC females had higher BW and lower plasma 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate and methionine consistent with lower hypothalamic global DNA methylation compared with RV. Plasma dimethylglycine (DMG) and methionine were higher as with hypothalamic SAM:SAH and global DNA methylation in HFolRC females without changes in BW compared with RV. Plasma trimethylamine and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide were higher in males but lower in females from HFolRC compared with RV. Network modeling revealed a link between the folate‐dependent pathway and SAH, with most connections through DMG. Final BW was negatively correlated with choline, DMG, and global DNA methylation. In conclusion, prenatal intake of excess or imbalanced micronutrients induces distinct metabolic and epigenetic perturbations in offspring that reflect long‐term nutritional programming of health.
Real-world evidence of allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Buta Federica , Paoletti Giovanni , Bragato Maria Chiara , Giovannini Mattia , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Heffler Enrico 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The full understanding of the long-term effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic respiratory diseases cannot be achieved through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) alone. However, real-world studies designed as registries can complement RCTs.

Recent findings
The significance of registries is highlighted by their potential to reassess contraindications and collect data on adult and pediatric patients with multiple comorbidities who are often excluded from RCTs.

Summary
AIT is the sole disease-modifying therapeutic approach capable of inducing tolerance and offering a long-term response to allergens. AIT has been shown to play a role in arresting the ‘allergic march’ in young people, which reduces the risk of developing asthmatic clinical manifestations. Although RCTs are considered the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and safety of AIT, their duration is usually too short (seldom lasting more than 1 year) to assess the long-term effects of AIT. Several long-term studies show that AIT's effect depends strongly on its use duration.
Body Mass Index Changes Among Adolescents and Young Adults Using the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant
Authors: Wernick Hunter J. , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Berlan Elise D. , Bonny Andrea E. 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate body mass index (BMI) over 36 months among adolescents and young adults using the etonogestrel implant compared with those using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and a control group.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of postmenarchal adolescents and young adults assigned female at birth. The etonogestrel implant and DMPA groups initiated etonogestrel or DMPA between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017. Adolescents and young adults in the control group were prescribed a weight-neutral contraceptive or no contraceptive during the same timeframe. The primary outcome of BMI over time was estimated and compared between study groups with inverse probability of treatment weighting linear mixed-effects modeling. Changes in BMI weight category (underweight or normal weight, overweight, obesity) at 12, 24, and 36 months were also explored.

RESULTS:
Among the 20,409 eligible patients, 860 initiated etonogestrel, 1,817 initiated DMPA, and 17,732 made up the control group. Compared with individuals in the control group, those in the etonogestrel group had a significantly higher mean BMI difference at 9 months (+0.5, P<.01); at 36 months, the mean BMI difference was +1.0 (P<.01). Compared with individuals in the control group, those in the DMPA group had higher mean BMI at 6 months (+0.3, P<.01); at 36 months, the mean BMI difference was +1.3 (P<.01). Regardless of weight changes, increases in BMI weight categories were rare in all groups.

CONCLUSION:
Adolescent and young adult patients who initiated the etonogestrel implant demonstrated BMI changes like those on DMPA and higher than control patients; however, these differences may not be clinically concerning. This study provides important information that can help in counseling adolescent and young adult patients about expectations when starting and using etonogestrel.
A Comparison of ChatGPT and Expert Consensus Statements on Surgical Site Infection Prevention in High-Risk Paediatric Spine Surgery
Authors: Chester Aaron N. , Mandler Shay I. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) represents and exciting shift for orthopaedic surgery, where its role is rapidly evolving. ChatGPT is an AI language model which is preeminent among those leading the mass consumer uptake of AI. Artamonov and colleagues compared ChatGPT with orthopaedic surgeons when considering the diagnosis and management of anterior shoulder instability; they found a limited correlation between them. This study aims to further explore how reliable ChatGPT is compared with orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:
Twenty-three statements were extracted from the article “Building Consensus: Development of a Best Practice Guideline (BPG) for Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Prevention in High-risk Pediatric Spine Surgery” by Vitale and colleagues. These included 14 consensus statements and an additional 9 statements that did not reach consensus. ChatGPT was asked to state the extent to which it agreed with each statement.

Results:
ChatGPT appeared to demonstrate a fair correlation with most expert responses to the 14 consensus statements. It appeared less emphatic than the experts, often stating that it “agreed” with a statement, where the most frequent response from experts was “strongly agree.” It reached the opposite conclusion to the majority of experts on a single consensus statement regarding the use of ultraviolet light in the operating theatre; it may have been that ChatGPT was drawing from more up to date literature that was published subsequent to the consensus statement.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a reasonable correlation between ChatGPT and orthopaedic surgeons when providing simple responses. ChatGPT’s function may be limited when asked to provide more complex answers. This study adds to a growing body of discussion and evidence exploring AI and whether its function is reliable enough to enter the high-accountability world of health care.

Clinical Relevance:
This article is of high clinical relevance to orthopaedic surgery given the rapidly emerging applications of AI. This creates a need to understand the level to which AI can function in the clinical setting and the risks that would entail.
SCOPING: A Pilot Study Exploring the Role of A Series of Clinical Observational Parameters as Indicators of Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Beale Suzanne , Duraku Liron S. , McGhee Christopher C.G. , van der Oest Mark , Rotem Gilad , Power Dominic M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Following the repair of a mixed peripheral nerve, functional recovery requires successful nerve regeneration across the repair site and, eventually, reinnervation of distal targets. Reliably determining a failing nerve repair so that revision may be performed before irreversible muscle atrophy remains a challenge in peripheral nerve surgery. This study aimed to ascertain whether any commonly used clinical examination tests during surveillance after nerve repair can detect a failing repair and prompt earlier salvage intervention.

Methods:
A prospective observational cohort study was performed to evaluate commonly used clinical determinants of neuron regeneration that may provide early surrogate recovery measures. Sequential cutaneous thermography was used to identify temperature differences between denervated and normal skin in the hand operated on, with the contralateral hand as a control.

Results:
Six out of nine patients completed between 6 and 18 months of follow-up. Tinel sign progression was observed in all subjects. Tinel progression rate was associated with motor and sensory Medical Research Council grade. The delta temperature was calculated to document the size and direction of any temperature differentials in the hand detected by thermography, but we did not have sufficient data to calculate any correlations with motor and sensory Medical Research Council grade.

Conclusions:
Specifically, the progression of Tinel sign is associated with recovery measured by progression of the British Medical Research Council motor and sensory grades. The use of thermographic imaging demonstrates that there is a difference in temperature between an injured and noninjured nerve. Future studies could investigate to what extent thermographic imaging predicts final nerve repair outcomes.
U=U: “Undetectable Equals Untransmittable” Perceptions Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Active Duty Service Members: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Campbell Jessica T. , Gesselman Amanda N. , Staten M. Colten , Carter Gregory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U) is a key message emphasizing that antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV and prevents its sexual transmission. However, dissemination of U=U varies among health care providers, potentially leading to knowledge gaps among patients. Little research exists on the understanding of U=U among active duty men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. military. Our cross-sectional, online study examines 222 active duty MSM to determine prevalence of accurate knowledge of U=U and demographic predictors of misinformation. Participants received a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) overview and were asked to indicate if the statement “Undetectable equals Untransmittable” was true or false. Although the majority accurately understood U=U (70%; n = 156), approximately 30% did not (n = 66); a binary logistic regression revealed lower U=U understanding among White, bisexual, unmarried, and Marines/Navy participants. Standardized education on U=U is crucial for resolving knowledge gaps and combating stigmas surrounding HIV treatment.
Critical Lower-Limb Ischemia and Arterial Thrombosis Following Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injection of the Knee
Authors: Evans Hamish , Ogunsanya Ngozi , Yii Ming , Bell Roger 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
We present a case of acute lower-limb arterial thrombosis following intra-articular steroid injection into the knee of a previously fit and active 41-year-old man. Symptoms of acute limb ischemia developed within 24 hours of treatment. Objective assessment with ultrasound arterial duplex and CT angiogram of the lower limb confirmed acute thrombosis of the popliteal artery in the treated leg. Although there is documented evidence of the association between steroid therapy and venous thromboembolic phenomena, there are no cases of arterial thrombosis in the literature. The temporal series of events that we report strongly suggest an association between the corticosteroid injection and the acute thrombotic event, the mechanism of which remains unclear. The patient underwent successful revascularization. It is important to document and disseminate this seemingly rare complication of a commonly associated procedure to increase awareness, invoke caution, and invite others to share similar cases.
A case of H-type double gallbladder anomaly: A case report
Authors: Cheng Yingxue , Xi Zhe , Zhuang Aobo , Li Xi , Wang Yue , Yan Guangting , Zhang Geng , Zhang Chenhe , Chen Kun , Huang Yang Yang , Zhou Changsheng , Wang Qing , Li Wengang 
Published: August 2024

Rationale:
Biliary system anomalies, such as duplicated gallbladders, are rare congenital conditions that present significant diagnostic challenges. Dr. Boyden’s classification system, especially the H-type anomaly, offers vital insight into these variations. Failure to detect these anomalies preoperatively can increase the risk of surgical complications, making early identification crucial for surgical planning.

Patient concern:
A 42-year-old male, asymptomatic, was incidentally found to have a gallbladder mass during routine imaging. An upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed gallbladder wall thickening, gallstones, and a liver lesion. Despite the absence of symptoms, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy revealed an atrophied gallbladder with a cystic duct cyst, which was identified as an H-type double gallbladder anomaly. The surgery was completed without complications, and pathology confirmed the presence of gallstones and inflammation.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with a duplicated gallbladder, classified as an H-type anomaly, following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative imaging identified gallbladder wall thickening and gallstones, and further investigation during surgery confirmed the congenital anomaly.

Interventions:
The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the removal of the gallbladder, and during the procedure, an H-type double gallbladder anomaly was discovered. The surgery proceeded without incident, ensuring the complete excision of the gallbladders.

Outcomes:
The case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of identifying duplicated gallbladders and the importance of advanced imaging techniques in detecting atypical anatomical variations. The successful laparoscopic removal of both gallbladders illustrates the current capabilities of minimally invasive surgery. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the pathology confirmed gallstones and inflammation.

Lessons:
This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing biliary anomalies such as duplicated gallbladders to avoid complications during surgery. Preoperative identification, aided by imaging, and careful surgical planning are key to managing these rare conditions. The case contributes to the growing body of knowledge about biliary system anomalies and reinforces the need for comprehensive management strategies to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
The effect of Rebozo technique on perceived labour pain and childbirth experience: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tandoğan Özden , Oskay Ümran 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Pain, stress, and anxiety experienced during childbirth can have detrimental effects on labor and delivery. The rebozo technique is an ancestral method used to minimize pain and enhance relief during gestation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the rebozo technique on the birth process and its probable benefits on the birth experience.

Methods:
This survey was conducted from January to May 2021 in a randomized and controlled manner. A total of 113 pregnant women with their first children were surveyed. Women between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation without complications who were admitted to the delivery room with a cervical dilation of 4 cm or more were chosen as participants. In the Rebozo group, subjects were randomly selected by trained personnel to apply the standardized method, while the control group received a relaxing massage. Cervical dilation, fetal position, contraction patterns, and measures related to the birth experience were key indicators.

Results:
Women in the rebozo group had lower pain levels during birth and greater birth satisfaction. Mean cervical dilation in the latent phase was 5.61 cm in the rebozo group and 5.71 cm in the control group. In the active phase, cervical dilatation was 6.03 cm in the rebozo group and 6.68 cm in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < .001). In the transition phase, the birth time was 46.29 minutes in the rebozo group and 68.71 minutes in the control group (P = <.007**). In the total birth experience score, the rebozo group received an average of 68.52 points, while the control group received 51.58 points (P < .001).

Conclusion:
This research has established that the use of the rebozo technique throughout labor helps enhance her feelings about being pregnant, as well as heightening fulfillment with delivery.
Efficacy and safety analysis of AKT inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yang Minghao , Wang Chunxi , Chen Guoping , Zhang Haowen , Lin Junlong 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To determine the clinical benefit of monotherapy with AKT inhibitors in patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles reporting treatment with AKT inhibitors in TNBC. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included the clinical benefit rate (CBR, included the proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, and stable disease), overall response rate (ORR, included the proportion of patients with complete response and partial response), all drug-related adverse events (AEs), and ≥3 grade drug-related grade AE.

Results:
We included 723 patients from 5 studies and observed a pooled progression-free survival of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62–1.02; The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations [GRADE] assessment: moderate certainty) and OS of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.50–0.99; GRADE assessment: high certainty) in TNBC patients treated with AKT inhibitors. Regarding clinical benefit rate and overall response rate were 1.21 (95% CI 0.85–1.73; GRADE assessment: moderate certainty) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.91–1.73; GRADE assessment: low certainty). Only OS had a statistical difference. For the odd ratio of all grade AE and ≥3 grade AE in the therapeutic process was counted and pooled, 4.34 (95% CI 1.33–14.14; GRADE assessment: moderate certainty) and 1.76 (95% CI 1.28–2.41; GRADE assessment: moderate certainty), respectively.

Conclusions:
AKT inhibitors showed slightly better efficacy in the treatment of TNBC. However, further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term safety and optimal regimen, and caution should be exercised in patients with coexisting gastrointestinal disorders. The clinical characteristics of the patients and the choice of drugs should be considered on an individual basis.