bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Toe Brachial Index and longitudinal strain echocardiography for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Moayerifar Mani , Moayerifar Maziar , Mirdamadi Arian , Gholipour Mahboobeh , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi , Hemmati Hosein , Yazdanipour Mohammad Ali , Radmoghadam Mahsa , Ghasemzadeh Golshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common problem amongst diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) patients, associated with peripheral arterial disease. This analytic cross‐sectional study investigates the diagnostic efficacy of the Toe Brachial Index (TBI) in the detection of CAD in 62 DFS patients. The presence of CAD was assessed by longitudinal strain echocardiography, a sensitive method that provides a more accurate measure of intrinsic left ventricular contractility than left ventricular ejection fraction, especially in diabetic patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified CAD‐associated factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve evaluated TBI and toe pressure's diagnostic performance for CAD. p‐Values < 0.05 were considered significant. There was a significant association between TBI and CAD, with each 0.01 increase in TBI associated with a 15% decrease in the odds of CAD development (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99, p = 0.039). TBI demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.854, a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 66.7% at a cut‐off of 0.69. Additionally, toe pressure exhibited an area under the curve of 0.845, sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 75.0% at a cut‐off of 68.0 mmHg. Overall accuracy for TBI and toe pressure was 77.4% and 74.2%, respectively, indicating their potential for CAD risk stratification in the DFS population. This study highlights a significant association between low TBI and the presence of CAD in DFS patients. Consequently, TBI emerges as a valuable screening tool for identifying CAD within this population.
Something AI Should Tell You – The Case for Labelling Synthetic Content
Authors: Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSynthetic content, which has been produced by generative artificial intelligence, is beginning to spread through the public sphere. Increasingly, we find ourselves exposed to convincing ‘deepfakes’ and powerful chatbots in our online environments. How should we mitigate the emerging risks to individuals and society? This article argues that labelling synthetic content in public forums is an essential first step. While calls for labelling have already been growing in volume, no principled argument has yet been offered to justify this measure (which inevitably comes with some additional costs). Rectifying that deficit, I conduct a close examination of our epistemic and expressive interests in identifying synthetic content as such. In so doing, I develop a cumulative case for social media platforms to enforce a labelling duty. I argue that this represents an important element of good platform governance, helping to shore up the integrity of our contemporary public discourse, which takes place increasingly online.
Revealing genetic patterns across ecoregions in the northeastern Pacific of California and Baja California
Authors: Ferrera‐Rodríguez Mariana Ronalda , Malpica‐Cruz Luis , Munguía‐Vega Adrián , Beas‐Luna Rodrigo , Flores‐Morales Ana Laura , Abadía‐Cardoso Alicia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimWe reconstructed the genetic patterns and identified the main genetic breaks of several taxa across California and Baja California coast. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different variables to the level of structure.LocationCalifornia and Baja California coast.TaxonFish, invertebrates, algae, seagrass and mammals.MethodsWe generated a map to reconstruct the genetic patterns using genetic information (Fst index and phylogenetic clades distribution) from a literature review of population genetics publications from 2000 to 2023. For the analysis of genetic connectivity drivers, we explored the effect of different variables representing life history traits, reproductive strategies and biogeographic variables and generated five working hypotheses which were evaluated with generalized linear models (GLMs).ResultsWe identified 42 genetic breaks from 63 species across our study area. The largest number of breaks occurs from 27° N to 29° N and from 31° N to 35° N. This range includes transition zones between ecoregions such as Punta Eugenia, Baja California, Mexico and Point Conception, California, USA. We also identified Ensenada, Baja California region as a barrier to gene flow. From a transboundary perspective, we found 40 species with connectivity between California and Baja California, including 14 commercial and or recreational species. We found none of the variables explored had a clear effect on the level of genetic differentiation of the species assessed in the region.Main ConclusionGenetic breaks among different taxa do not distribute randomly across the latitudinal range from California and Baja California coastal area, rather they are mainly located in transition zones between marine ecoregions. The challenge to identify specific variables that explain general genetic patterns highlights the complexity that drives population connectivity processes in marine species.
Hospital at home worldwide: Program and clinician characteristics from the World Hospital at Home Congress survey
Authors: Levine David M. , Findeisen Sarah , Desai Meghna P. , Blitzer Stephanie , DeCherrie Linda V. , Lasserson Daniel , Hernandez Carme , Montalto Michael , Leff Bruce 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital at home (HaH) delivers hospital‐level care to acutely ill patients at home as a substitute for brick‐and‐mortar hospital care. The clinician and program characteristics of HaH programs worldwide are relatively unknown. We sought to describe the world's HaH clinicians and their programs' characteristics.MethodsWe analyzed a survey administered to all attendees of the 2023 World Hospital at Home Congress. Clinician characteristics included age, years worked in HaH, profession, burnout, and experience. Program characteristics included location, daily census, types of care delivery, and clinical capabilities.ResultsOf 670 attendees, about 305 were clinicians and 129 responded (42% response rate for clinicians). The majority of clinicians were 30–49 years old (65.1%), new to the field (70.5% worked less than 10 years), and part‐time (18% dedicated >74% effort to HaH). Clinicians reported overall satisfaction with their job and low burnout. About half of programs were in Europe (52.1%), newly operational (44.7% less than 5 years), mostly operated in urban environments (87.2%), and mostly had a daily census of less than 25 patients (62.8%). Most programs operated 7‐days per week (88.3%), performed intermittent or continuous remote monitoring (81.4%), used video communication (63.8%), and had some advanced capabilities such as in‐home imaging (47.9%) and advanced procedures (23.4%). Visit frequencies to the patient's home were variable: most programs had physicians visit the home, nearly all had nurses visit the home, and fewer performed virtual visits.ConclusionsHaH clinicians and programs have significant similarities but also a fair number of divergent practices, much like brick‐and‐mortar hospital care. Further standardization of the care model will help to unify the field across the globe.
Three‐year questionnaire study on human papillomavirus vaccination targeting new female college school students: Follow‐up to a 2021 report to reveal the impact of a policy change in Japan
Authors: Furuno Atsuko , Sukegawa Akiko , Ohshige Kenji , Suzuki Yukio , Yamaguchi Midori , Miyagi Etsuko , Ueda Yutaka , Sekine Masayuki , Mizushima Taichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine the trend in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Japan before and after a policy change in 2022, involving resumption of active recommendation and start of catch‐up vaccination.MethodsFrom 2021 to 2023, a web‐based questionnaire survey was administered to newly enrolled female college students in Yokohama, Japan. The questionnaire included items such as age, HPV vaccination status, HPV vaccine awareness, and awareness of catch‐up vaccination. We compared knowledge about the HPV vaccine and cervical cancer in 2021 and 2023, before and after resumption of the national vaccination program.ResultsThe HPV vaccination rates were 5.4% in 2021, 7.5% in 2022, and 35.3% in 2023, with a significant upward trend (p < 0.001). A similar upward trend was observed for HPV vaccine awareness (p < 0.001). Comparing 2022 and 2023 after the start of catch‐up vaccination, there was no significant difference in awareness of catch‐up vaccination (p = 0.669), but there was a significant increase in awareness of free vaccination tickets (p < 0.001). After resumption of the national vaccination program with adoption of the catch‐up vaccination program, there was no difference in knowledge of cervical cancer, but there was a difference in knowledge of the HPV vaccine.ConclusionsAlthough the HPV vaccination rate has increased after the policy change, it has not recovered to the level before the suspension of active recommendation. It is important for healthcare providers and school educators to actively communicate the safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine.
Combination therapy with paclitaxel and trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive recurrent serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A case report
Authors: Yamada Shizuka , Orisaka Makoto , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Onuma Toshimichi , Shinagawa Akiko , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies show increased expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in cervical cancer, but the efficacy of anti‐HER2 therapy remains under‐researched. Here, we present a case of recurrent HER2‐positive serous carcinoma, presumably arising in the cervix, diagnosed by comprehensive genomic profiling, which responded to trastuzumab. The patient underwent a radical hysterectomy with concurrent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. One year after surgery, the patient experienced recurrence (multiple lymph node metastases). She underwent chemotherapy and subsequent comprehensive genomic profiling, which revealed HER2 positivity. Despite treatment, the lymph node and peritoneal metastases progressed. Therefore, combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and trastuzumab was initiated. Subsequently, the patient's clinical symptoms improved considerably, and good health was maintained for 8 months. This report highlights the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling and targeted therapies when standard treatments fail.
The Connection Between Dark Traits and Emotional Intelligence: A Multistudy Person‐Centered Approach
Authors: Rico‐Bordera Pilar , Piqueras Jose A. , Soto‐Sanz Victoria , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Tíscar , Marzo Juan C. , Galán Manuel , Pineda David 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveSeveral studies have analyzed the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and dark personality, but the results are inconclusive. One study tested correlations between traits that may underlie a person‐centered profile of “dark EI.” Our study aimed to replicate and extend that research, identifying profiles in Spaniards and examining the differences between the profiles based on different variables of interest.MethodTwo studies were designed, the first one (N = 1241) focused on trait EI and the Dark Triad, and the second one expanding the previous (N = 392) focusing on ability EI and the Dark Tetrad.ResultsThree profiles were obtained in both studies: nondark and non‐EI profile, dark profile, and average narcissistic and high EI profile. The latter showed the highest self‐esteem, strengths, well‐being, and civic engagement, and the lowest psychological difficulties and personal distress.ConclusionsOur results reinforced the findings of the study we replicated, not supporting the presence of dark EI, but also not supporting the presence of high EI with very low levels of dark traits. These results have implications when designing preventive actions to improve emotional education.
Longitudinal effects of peer victimization on adolescents' future educational and work expectations: Depressive symptoms as a mechanism
Authors: Schacter Hannah L. , Bakth Faizun N. , Johnson Je'Nae , Hoffman Adam J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLeveraging six waves of data, this study examined the effects of ninth‐grade peer victimization on adolescents' future work and education expectations 2 years later, testing depressive symptoms as a mechanism. Participants (N = 388, Mage = 14.05; 61% female, 35% male, 3% non‐binary, trans, or other gender; 46% White, 19% Black, 17% Asian, 6% AMENA, 6% Multiracial, 6% other race) completed surveys from ninth through 11th grade. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced more frequent relational, but not overt, peer victimization in ninth grade were subsequently more pessimistic about their educational and occupational prospects beyond high school; depressive symptoms mediated this link. The findings suggest that relational victimization and its psychological harm may undermine adolescents' confidence in achieving postsecondary success.
Religion, Race, and the Limit of Ethics: Historical Considerations
Authors: Dees Sarah 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines the study of Indigenous religions and ethics in the late‐nineteenth and early‐twentieth centuries. Over the past few decades, scholars have grappled with the colonial origins of religious studies. This essay focuses on the history of anthropological scholarship on Indigenous religions and the significance of this work for the growth of the academic study of religious and ethical systems. I first consider scholarship on Indigenous ethical systems produced by theologians and comparative religionists. I next consider how anthropological concepts of cultural relativity offered scholars of religion important tools to broaden and deepen understandings of Indigenous cultures. Finally, I address the limits of these anthropological tools. During this era, scholars increasingly argued that Indigenous cultural traditions were worthy of study; however, the prevailing racialized assumptions contributed to assessments of these ethical systems as inferior to Euro‐American religio‐ethical systems.
Suicide risk among young people who use drugs in Hanoi, Vietnam: Prevalence and related factors
Authors: Luan Pham T , Pham Quang L , Tan Doan D , Linh Nguyen T , Long Nguyen T , Oanh Khuat TH , Michel Laurent , Van Tuan Nguyen 
Published: August 2024

AimAdolescents and young adults are vulnerable to suicidality, especially those at high risk such as young people who use drugs (YPUD). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and related factors of suicide risk among this population.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive, cross‐sectional study on YPUD aged 16–24 in the community in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data on socio‐demographic characteristics, drug use, and adverse childhood experiences were collected using face‐to‐face questionnaires by research assistants. YPUD were screened by psychiatrists for depression, psychotic symptoms, and suicide risk, using the MINI questionnaire.ResultsThree hundred‐seven YPUD (250 males, 57 females) participated in the study; of those, 86 (28.0%) were at risk of suicide. Gender (female), adverse childhood experiences, depression, and psychosis were relevant factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of suicide risk among young people using drugs was high. Therefore, suicide risk should be screened and monitored in the clinical assessment of this population. In addition, the intervention efforts to detect and intervene in adverse events during childhood may be one way to prevent mental health and suicide in later life.
Reference growth curves of anthropometric markers in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7–14 years from southern Brazil
Authors: Alves Junior Carlos Alencar Souza , da Silva Andressa Ferreira , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas , de Assis Maria Alice Altemburg , Conde Wolney Lisboa , Andaki Alynne Christian Ribeiro , de Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes , Silva Diego Augusto Santos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReference growth curves are viable tools for monitoring somatic growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop reference growth curves for body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) in Brazilian children and adolescents aged 7–14 years. The reference growth curves were constructed from a cross‐sectional panel study using data from four surveys conducted in 2002, 2007, 2012/2013 and 2018/2019, with 9675 children and adolescents aged 7–14 years, of both sexes from Florianopolis, Southern Brazil. Growth curves were constructed using the LMS method, based on anthropometric indicators and indices (body mass, height, BMI, WC and WHtR), measured according to standardised norms. There was an increase in body mass, height, BMI and WC values with increasing age in both sexes and percentiles (P5, P10, P25, P50, P75, P85 and P95). The girls presented higher values of body mass, BMI and WC in the analysed percentiles, compared to the boys. Regarding height, there was a higher value from 10 to 11 years old in girls and from 12 to 14 years old in boys. WHtR decreased with increasing age in both sexes and analysed percentiles. Region‐specific reference growth curves can enable the monitoring of somatic growth of particular paediatric populations, expanding discussions in different regions of the world.
A fungal plant pathogen overcomes mlo‐mediated broad‐spectrum disease resistance by rapid gene loss
Authors: Kusch Stefan , Frantzeskakis Lamprinos , Lassen Birthe D. , Kümmel Florian , Pesch Lina , Barsoum Mirna , Walden Kim D. , Panstruga Ralph 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Hosts and pathogens typically engage in a coevolutionary arms race. This also applies to phytopathogenic powdery mildew fungi, which can rapidly overcome plant resistance and perform host jumps.

Using experimental evolution, we show that the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria hordei is capable of breaking the agriculturally important broad‐spectrum resistance conditioned by barley loss‐of‐function mlo mutants.

Partial mlo virulence of evolved B. hordei isolates is correlated with a distinctive pattern of adaptive mutations, including small‐sized (c. 8–40 kb) deletions, of which one is linked to the de novo insertion of a transposable element. Occurrence of the mutations is associated with a transcriptional induction of effector protein‐encoding genes that is absent in mlo‐avirulent isolates on mlo mutant plants. The detected mutational spectrum comprises the same loci in at least two independently isolated mlo‐virulent isolates, indicating convergent multigenic evolution. The mutational events emerged in part early (within the first five asexual generations) during experimental evolution, likely generating a founder population in which incipient mlo virulence was later stabilized by additional events.

This work highlights the rapid dynamic genome evolution of an obligate biotrophic plant pathogen with a transposon‐enriched genome.
Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates apical periodontitis via suppressing macrophage pyroptosis
Authors: Guan Xiaoyue , Zhao Rui , Wang Yuting , Li Wenlan , Pan Lifei , Yang Yao , Mu Wenli , Hou Tie Zhou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of current study were to investigate the role and related mechanism of Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on regulating apical periodontitis (AP) prognosis.Materials and MethodsClinical specimens were used to determine the involvement of calcium overload‐induced macrophage pyroptosis in periapical tissues. Next, a calcium ion‐chelating agent (BAPTA‐AM) was applied to detect the suppression of intracellular calcium overload in macrophage pyroptosis. Then, network pharmacology, western blot (WB) analysis, and Fluo‐4 calcium assay were conducted to explore the role of GRb1 on intracellular calcium overload. To gain a better understanding of GRb1 in calcium overload‐induced macrophage pyroptosis linked AP, GRb1‐treated AP models were established.ResultsWe discovered clinically and experimentally that calcium overload‐dependent macrophage pyroptosis is involved in AP pathogenesis, and reducing calcium overload greatly decreased macrophage pyroptosis in an AP cell model. Next, based on GRb1's inhibitory role in aberrant intracellular calcium accumulation, we discovered that GRb1 alleviates AP by suppressing calcium‐dependent macrophage pyroptosis in both in vitro and in vivo models.ConclusionsGRb1 is an effective therapeutic strategy to rescue the periapical tissues from inflammation due to its anti‐pyroptosis function. Thus, the present study supports further investigation of GRb1 as an adjuvant therapy for AP.
Immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR as ancillary tools in the diagnosis of acquired oral syphilis
Authors: Barreto Maria Eduarda Zeraik , Soares Ciro Dantas , de Andrade Maíra Medeiros Pacheco , de Oliveira Sales Alexandre , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Tenório Jefferson R. , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate Treponema pallidum detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays in acquired oral syphilis (AOS).Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of AOS (32 secondary and five primary) were analyzed, integrating double‐positive serological results with clinicodemographic and histopathological data. T. pallidum presence was semiquantitatively assessed by IHC, while RT‐PCR targeted T. pallidum DNA. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe study included mostly females (62.2%) with a mean age of 27.1 years. T. pallidum was detected in all samples by IHC, predominantly in the epithelium across all layers (43.2%). RT‐PCR identified T. pallidum DNA in 32 cases, with negative results observed in cases of secondary AOS. The AUC for IHC versus disease stage was 62.5% (95% CI: 45.1–77.8), and for RT‐PCR, it was 57.8% (95% CI: 40.5–73.8). The AUC comparing IHC to RT‐PCR was 83.8% (95% CI: 67.9–93.8).ConclusionThis study represents the first attempt to evaluate the proposed direct detection algorithm for AOS. IHC and RT‐PCR serve as ancillary tools for detecting T. pallidum in both primary and secondary stages of AOS.