bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pack hunting by a common soil amoeba on nematodes
Authors: Geisen Stefan , Rosengarten Jamila , Koller Robert , Mulder Christian , Urich Tim , Bonkowski Michael 
Published: June 2015

SummarySoils host the most complex communities on Earth, including the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes, i.e. heterotrophic protists. Protists are generally considered as bacterivores, but evidence for negative interactions with nematodes both from laboratory and field studies exist. However, direct impacts of protists on nematodes remain unknown. We isolated the soil‐borne testate amoeba Cryptodifflugia operculata and found a highly specialized and effective pack‐hunting strategy to prey on bacterivorous nematodes. Enhanced reproduction in presence of prey nematodes suggests a beneficial predatory life history of these omnivorous soil amoebae. Cryptodifflugia operculata appears to selectively impact the nematode community composition as reductions of nematode numbers were species specific. Furthermore, we investigated 12 soil metatranscriptomes from five distinct locations throughout Europe for 18S ribosomal RNA transcripts of C. operculata. The presence of C. operculata transcripts in all samples, representing up to 4% of the active protist community, indicates a potential ecological importance of nematophagy performed by C. operculata in soil food webs. The unique pack‐hunting strategy on nematodes that was previously unknown from protists, together with molecular evidence that these pack hunters are likely to be abundant and widespread in soils, imply a considerable importance of the hitherto neglected trophic link ‘nematophagous protists’ in soil food webs.
Hsp12p and PAU genes are involved in ecological interactions between natural yeast strains
Authors: Rivero Damaríz , Berná Luisa , Stefanini Irene , Baruffini Enrico , Bergerat Agnes , Csikász‐Nagy Attila , De Filippo Carlotta , Cavalieri Duccio 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe coexistence of different yeasts in a single vineyard raises the question on how they communicate and why slow growers are not competed out. Genetically modified laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are extensively used to investigate ecological interactions, but little is known about the genes regulating cooperation and competition in ecologically relevant settings. Here, we present evidences of Hsp12p‐dependent altruistic and contact‐dependent competitive interactions between two natural yeast isolates. Hsp12p is released during cell death for public benefit by a fast‐growing strain that also produces a killer toxin to inhibit growth of a slow grower that can enjoy the benefits of released Hsp12p. We also show that the protein Pau5p is essential in the defense against the killer effect. Our results demonstrate that the combined action of Hsp12p, Pau5p and a killer toxin is sufficient to steer a yeast community.
Colloid osmotic pressure and extravasation of plasma proteins following infusion of Ringer's acetate and hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4
Authors: Zdolsek J. H. , Bergek C. , Lindahl T. L. , Hahn R. G. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundDuring fluid infusion therapy, plasma proteins are diluted and leak from the intravascular space, which alters the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and potentially affects coagulation. We hypothesised that acetated Ringer's and starch solution, alone or in combination, influence these mechanisms differently.Materials and methodsOn different occasions, 10 male volunteers were infused with 20 ml/kg acetated Ringer's and 10 ml/kg 6% hyroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven®) alone or in combination (first with starch solution followed by Ringer's solution). Blood samples were collected every 30‐min for measurements of COP, blood haemoglobin, platelets, and plasma concentrations of albumin, immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), coagulation factor VII (FVII), fibrinogen, cystatin C, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin international normalised ratio (PT‐INR). Changes were compared with the haemoglobin‐derived plasma dilution.ResultsThe COP increased by 8.4% (SD 3) with starch and decreased by 26.2% (7.9) with Ringer's. These infusions diluted the plasma by 23.4% (5.3) and 18.7% (4.9) respectively. The COP changes in the combined experiment followed the same pattern as the individual infusions. Albumin and IgG changes in excess of the plasma dilution were very subtle. The intravascular contents of the IgM and platelets decreased, whereas FVII, fibrinogen and cystatin C increased. PT‐INR increased by 1/3 of the plasma dilution, whereas changes in APTT did not correlate with the plasma dilution.ConclusionsThe starch increased COP and only minor capillary leak occurred in healthy volunteers. The fluid‐induced plasma dilution correlated with mild impairment of the extrinsic coagulation pathway but not of the intrinsic pathway.
Evolution of the Kivu Rift, East Africa: interplay among tectonics, sedimentation and magmatism
Authors: Wood Douglas A. , Zal Hubert J. , Scholz Christopher A. , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Nizere Irénée 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe seismically and volcanically active Kivu Rift, in the western branch of the East African Rift System, is a type locale for studies of high‐elevation, humid‐climate rift basins, as well as magmatic basin development. Interpretations of offshore multi‐channel seismic (MCS) reflection data, terrestrial radar topography, lake bathymetry and seismicity data recorded on a temporary array provide new insights into the structure, stratigraphy and evolution of the Kivu rift. The Kivu rift is an asymmetric graben controlled on its west side by a ca. 110 km‐long, N‐S striking border fault. The southern basins of the lake and the upper Rusizi river basin are an accommodation zone effectively linking 1470 m‐high Lake Kivu to 770 m‐high Lake Tanganyika. MCS data in the eastern Kivu lake basin reveal a west‐dipping half graben with at least 1.5 km of sedimentary section; most of the ca. 2 km of extension in this sub‐basin is accommodated by the east‐dipping Iwawa normal fault, which bounds an intrabasinal horst. Lake Kivu experienced at least three periods of near desiccation. The two most recent of these approximately correlate to the African Megadrought and Last Glacial Maximum. There was a rapid lake level transgression of at least 400 m in the early Holocene. The line load of the Virunga volcanic chain enhances the fault‐controlled basin subsidence; simple elastic plate models suggest that the line load of the Virunga volcanic chain depresses the basin by more than 1 km, reduces flank uplift locally and broadens the depocentre. Not only do the voluminous magmatism and degassing to the lake pose a hazard to the riparian population, but our studies demonstrate that magmatism has important implications for short‐term processes such as lake levels, inflow and outlets, as well as long term modification of classic half‐graben basin morphology.
Ant Species Identity has a Greater Effect than Fire on the Outcome of an Ant Protection System inBrazilianCerrado
Authors: Del‐Claro Kleber , Marquis Robert J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough fire‐ and ant–plant interactions influence the community structure and dynamics of Neotropical savannas, no previous studies have considered their simultaneous effects on target host plants. We monitored the effect of ant exclusion for 3 years on leaf area loss to leaf chewing insects, thrips abundance, and reproductive output of the extrafloral nectary‐bearing shrub,Peixotoa tomentosa(Malpighiaceae). We predicted that the impact of ants on herbivores and plants would depend on the ant species, and that fire would reduce the effect of ants. We deliberately chose control plants that differed in their occupant ant species. Fire occurred in the second year of the study, allowing us to determine its effect on the benefit afforded by ants. Ants reduced leaf area loss and thrips abundance, and increased fruit and seed production in all 3 years. Some ant species were more effective than others, while plants with multiple ant species suffered higher leaf area loss than plants with a single ant species. In the year following the fire, leaf damage was greater than in the other years, regardless of the ant species, and the proportional effect of ants in reducing damage was less. Interactions affecting thrips abundance did not change following fire, nor was the benefit to the plant proportionally reduced. Overall, the identity of the ant species had a greater effect than did the occurrence of fire on the ant–herbivore–plant interaction: the identity of the ant species influenced leaf area loss, thrips numbers, and bud and seed production, while fire only modified the impact of ants on the amount of leaf area consumed by insect herbivores.
Protection for Sale: The case of oligopolistic competition and interdependent sectors
Authors: Paltseva Elena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn Grossman‐Helpman's (1994) canonical “Protection for Sale” (PFS) model, political competition among industry lobbies is driven purely by their interests as consumers. This paper introduces demand linkages and oligopolistic competition into the PFS framework to address the rivalry among lobbies stemming from product substitutability. It shows that increased substitutability weakens the interest groups' incentives to lobby and reduces tariff distortions. This may explain why empirical tests of PFS find surprisingly little impact of lobbies on the government's trade policy decision. The paper also analyzes endogenous lobby formation, suggesting that demand linkages may adversely affect the industry decision to organize.
Back to the futures: An assessment of market performance on the early Winnipeg Grain Exchange
Authors: Santos Joseph M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a quantitatively rich, historical perspective with which to consider Western Canada's recent return to private grain marketing. I assess how futures markets on the Winnipeg Grain Exchange (WGE) performed before the Canadian Wheat Board, and I consider the extent to which this performance contributed to the Canadian government's decision to create the Board. I conclude, despite significant agrarian dissatisfaction with private grain marketing on the WGE, the Canadian government ultimately proscribed futures trading because it was incompatible with the CWB model, which the Canadian government needed in order to stabilize farm incomes, particularly in the aftermath of the Great Depression.
EAO consensus conference: economic evaluation of implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Beikler Thomas , Flemmig Thomas F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThere are various alternatives for the management of oral conditions that may lead to or already have lead to partial or full edentulism. Economic evaluations measure the efficiency of alternative healthcare interventions and provide useful information for decision‐making and the allocation of scarce resources.Material and methodsThe current English literature dealing with “cost‐effectiveness” of dental implant therapy versus different alternative treatment modalities, that is, complete and fixed partial dentures, root canal, and periodontal treatment, has been included in this narrative review. Due to the high heterogeneity within the literature, a meta‐analysis could not be conducted.ResultsThe available evidence from economic evaluations indicated that for the treatment of central incisors with irreversible pulpitis and coronal lesions, root canal treatments were most cost‐effective initial treatment options. When initial root canal treatments failed, orthograde retreatments were most cost‐effective. When root canal retreatments failed, extractions and replacement with single implant‐supported crowns were more cost‐effective compared to fixed or removable partial dentures. In the treatment of periodontitis in molars with Class I furcation invasion, non‐surgical periodontal therapy was more effective and costed less than implant‐supported single crowns. For the replacement of single missing teeth, two evaluations indicated that implant‐supported single crowns provided better outcomes in terms of greater quality‐adjusted tooth years or survival rates at lower costs compared to fixed partial prostheses. Another economic evaluation found that implant‐supported crowns costed more, but provided greater survival rates compared to fixed partial dentures. For the restoration of edentulous mandibles, two evaluations indicated that overdentures retained by two or four implants improved oral health‐related quality of life outcomes, but costed more than complete dentures.ConclusionsTo better assess the efficiency of implant‐supported prostheses in various clinical conditions, more economic evaluations are needed that follow well‐established methodologies in health economics.
Effects of roost specialization on extinction risk in bats
Authors: Sagot Maria , Chaverri Gloriana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding causes and consequences of ecological specialization is of major concern in conservation. Specialist species are particularly vulnerable to human activities. If their food or habitats are depleted or lost, they may not be able to exploit alternative resources, and population losses may result. We examined International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List bat data and the number of roosts used per species (accounting for phylogenetic independence) to determine whether roost specialization is correlated with extinction risk. We found a significant correlation between the IUCN Red List category and the number of roost types used. Species that use fewer roost types had a higher risk of extinction. We found that caves and similar structures were the most widely used roost types, particularly by species under some level of risk of extinction. Many critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable species used natural roosts exclusively, whereas less threatened species used natural and human‐made roosts. Our results suggest that roost loss, particularly in species that rely on a single roost type, may be linked to extinction risk. Our focus on a single life history trait prevented us from determining how important this variable is for extinction risk relative to other variables, but we have taken a first step toward prioritizing conservation actions. Our results also suggest that roost specialization may exacerbate population declines due to other risk factors, such as hunting pressure or habitat loss, and thus that management actions to preserve species under risk of extinction should prioritize protection of roosting sites.
Patch test results with fragrance markers of the baseline series – analysis of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network 2009–2012
Authors: Frosch Peter J. , Duus Johansen Jeanne , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. , Silvestre Juan F. , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Weisshaar Elke , Uter Wolfgang ,   (on behalf of the ESSCA network)
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundContact allergy to fragrances is common, and impairs quality of life, particularly in young women.ObjectiveTo provide current results on the prevalences of sensitization to fragrance allergens used as markers in the baseline series of most European countries.MethodsData of patients consecutively patch tested between 2009 and 2012 in 12 European countries with fragrance allergens contained in the baseline series were collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies network and descriptively analysed. Four departments used the TRUE Test® system.ResultsThe ‘basic markers’ were tested on 51 477 [fragrance mix II (FM II)] to 57 123 [Myroxylon pereirae, balsam of Peru] patients, and yielded positive reactions as follows: fragrance mix I 6.9%, Myroxylon pereirae 5.4%, FM II 3.8%, colophonium 2.6%, and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde 1.7%, with some regional differences. Prevalences with TRUE Test® allergens were lower. Additional fragrances were tested on 3643 (trimethylbenzenepropanol) to 14 071 (oil of turpentine) patients, and yielded between 2.6% (Cananga odorata) and 0.7% (trimethylbenzenepropanol) positive reactions.ConclusionsContact allergy to fragrances is common throughout Europe, with regional variation probably being explained by patch test technique, and differences in exposure and referral patterns. The current basic markers of fragrance sensitivity in the baseline series should be supplemented with additional fragrance allergens.
Albuterol inhalation increases FeNO level in steroid‐naive asthmatics but not COPD patients with reversibility
Authors: Zhao Haijin , Li Rui , LV Yanhua , Dong Hangming , Yao Lihong , Wu Yue , Xiao Guanhua , Cai Shaoxi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as a marker of airway inflammation. Airway caliber is related to the level of FeNO in asthmatics.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether airway obstruction could interfere with real FENO levels and if different FeNO changes after albuterol inhalation could assist in distinguishing asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsFeNO and spirometry measurements were performed before and after albuterol inhalation in the following three patient groups: 30 steroid‐naive asthmatics, 25 asthmatics inhaling corticosteroids/long‐acting β(2)‐adrenergic agonists for at least 1 month and 20 COPD patients. Bronchodilator test (BDT) results were positive in all patients enrolled. The correlations among FeNO levels, pulmonary function and sputum eosinophil counts were analyzed.ResultsFeNO increased significantly after albuterol inhalation in steroid‐naive asthmatics but not in ICS‐treated asthmatics or COPD patients. The FeNO levels demonstrated no significant correlation with spirometry results or sputum eosinophil counts before or after inhaling bronchodilator in all three groups. Both the levels of FeNO and changes in FENO after albuterol inhalation in steroid‐naive asthma patients were higher than those in ICS‐treated asthmatics and COPD patients (P < 0.001). The differences remained after proper adjustment for confounding factors (gender, age, smoking pack‐years, ICS‐treated and pulmonary function index).ConclusionsOur results support the role of FeNO in differentiating asthmatics from COPD patients with positive BDT. FeNO detection after albuterol inhalation should be encouraged in steroid‐naive asthma patients with airway obstruction.
Longitudinal relations among exuberance, externalizing behaviors, and attentional bias to reward: the mediating role of effortful control
Authors: Morales Santiago , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Buss Kristin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present study examined the associations between temperamental exuberance during toddlerhood (20 months), attention bias towards reward at the end of kindergarten (76 months), and externalizing behaviors across the kindergarten year. Moreover, we examined the role of effortful control at 48 months on the relation between early exuberance and attention bias. Attention bias towards reward was positively predicted by exuberance, negatively predicted by effortful control, and positively related to externalizing problems. Finally, the longitudinal path between exuberance and attention bias to reward was mediated by effortful control – such that higher toddler exuberance led to increased attention bias towards reward by way of lower effortful control. These results extend the attention bias and socioemotional functioning literature and have implications for the identification of children at risk for behavioral problems.
Ecclesiology and Missiology: Reflections on Two Recent Documents from the World Council of Churches
Authors: Bevans Stephen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn 2013 the World Council of Churches published two important documents, one on the church and one on mission. Beginning with the conviction that ecclesiology has to be missiological and missiology ecclesiological, this article reads each document from the basic perspective of the other. This reading is followed by a constructive critique from the author's perspective as a Roman Catholic missionary ecclesiologist.
Missional Congregations as Public Companions with God in Global Civil Society: Vocational Imagination and Spiritual Presence
Authors: Simpson Gary M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article explores the intersection of missional ecclesiology and civil society studies and proposes that the Holy Spirit is calling emerging missional congregations to the vocation of public companions with God in global civil society. This congregational vocation of public companion entails four dimensions of missional congregations’ spiritual presence within civil society: perichoretic communion, prophetic speech, sapiential wisdom, and pacific action.
Reign of God, Trinity, or Promise? Alternative Missiological Keys for Engaging Religious Pluralism
Authors: Kääriäinen Jukka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe fact of religious pluralism demands a theological response. Recent models for engaging religious pluralism overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. However, they inadequately address the categories of sin and divine hiddenness, while struggling to articulate a coherent relationship between dialogue and proclamation. The classic Lutheran tradition offers three fruitful resources (the gospel as promise, the law/gospel distinction, and the hiddenness of God) for engaging religious pluralism and balancing interreligious dialogue and gospel proclamation.
Mission of the Church Under Pressure—An Orthodox Perspective
Authors: Dumitraşcu Nicu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMission always has focused on the constituent elements of the church, which are an intrinsic part of the church's very existence. Mission therefore is defined directly in relation to evangelism. This study aims to present briefly two of the today's missionary challenges from an Orthodox perspective. The first is how to preserve cultural and religious identity in a polymorphic society in all aspects, and how to eliminate the risk of confusing it with an ideology. The second refers to the missionary dimension of monasticism and the efficiency of the professional practice of the spiritual competences.
Emotional and behavioural problems in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chandler Susie , Howlin Patricia , Simonoff Emily , O'Sullivan Tony , Tseng Evelin , Kennedy Juliet , Charman Tony , Baird Gillian 
Published: June 2015

AimTo assess the frequency, pervasiveness, associated features, and persistence of emotional and behavioural problems in a community sample of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodParents (n=277) and teachers (n=228) of 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds completed the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC). Intellectual ability and autism symptomatology were also assessed. A subsample repeated the DBC.ResultsThree‐quarters of the cohort scored above the clinical cut‐off on the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Primary Carer Version (DBC‐P) questionnaire; almost two‐thirds of these scored above cut‐off on the Developmental Behaviour Checklist Teacher Version (DBC‐T) questionnaire. In 81%, problems persisted above threshold 14 months later. Higher DBC‐P scores were associated with greater autism symptomatology, higher deprivation index, parental unemployment, and more children in the home but not with parental education or ethnicity, or child's age or sex. Children with IQ>70 scored higher for disruptive behaviour, depression, and anxiety symptoms; those with IQ<70 scored higher for self‐absorption and hyperactivity.InterpretationThe DBC identifies a range of additional behaviour problems that are common in ASD and which could be the focus for specific intervention. The results highlight the potential benefit of systematic screening for co‐existing problems.