bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh penerapan manajemen risiko terhadap kinerja keuangan (Studi pada bank umum kelompok usaha)
Authors: Mulyati Sri , Nurfauziah  
Published: August 2024

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of credit risk management, liquidity risk, and operational risk on Return on Assets and Return on Equity at Commercial Banks of Business Groups (BUKU).
Methods – This study uses data from 42 banks during the period 2015 to 2019. The data used amounted to 172 data units. Data analysis uses many multivariate linear regression techniques.
Findings – The findings of this study indicate that Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Bank Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) have quite a large negative impact, but the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a large beneficial impact on the Bank's Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE).
Implication – Based on the research findings, the average Non-Performing Loan (NPL) value of 1.78% is below the maximum threshold set by Bank Indonesia of 5%. The average loan to deposit ratio (LDR) is 86.6%, above the minimum threshold set by Bank Indonesia of 85%. The simultaneous implementation of risk management has an impact on the financial performance of Bank Umum Kelompok Usaha.
Originality – This study contributes to analyzing the implementation of risk management on financial performance using the multivariate linear regression method.

Abstrak
Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan manajemen risiko kredit, risiko likuiditas, dan risiko operasional terhadap Return on Assets dan Return on Equity pada Bank Umum Kelompok Usaha (BUKU).
Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan data 42 bank selama periode tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Data yang digunakan berjumlah 172 unit data. Analisis data menggunakan banyak teknik regresi linier multivariat.
Temuan – Hasil temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Non-Performing Loan (NPL) dan Beban Operasional Bank terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) mempunyai dampak buruk yang cukup besar, namun Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) mempunyai dampak menguntungkan yang besar terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) dan Return on Equity (ROE) Bank.
Implikasi – Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, rata-rata nilai Non-Performing Loan (NPL) sebesar 1,78%, berada di bawah ambang batas maksimum yang ditetapkan Bank Indonesia sebesar 5%. Rata-rata rasio pinjaman terhadap simpanan (LDR) adalah 86,6%, berada di atas ambang batas minimum yang ditetapkan Bank Indonesia sebesar 85%. Penerapan manajemen risiko secara simultan berdampak terhadap kinerja keuangan Bank Umum Kelompok Usaha.
Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam menganalisis penerapan manajemen risiko terhadap kinerja keuangan menggunakan metode regresi linier multivariat.
MPD Technique Drive through Extreme Narrow Pressure Window, Eliminate Drilling Hazard Related to HPHT Salt Anhydrite & Limestone Formation in North Kuwait Jurassic Deep Well
Authors: Aliyeva A. , Alqabandi R. , Selami B. , Boaventura B. , Benyounes H. , Marin G. , Regaey M. , Alomar A. , Abdulmohsen N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drilling the Hith & Gotnia formations in Kuwait has long been a challenge due to its sharp contrast in lithology of salt, anhydrite with pressurized limestone streaks. The thickness of this formation varies across Kuwait between 200-1,400 ft in Jurassic deep wells and makes this formation more plastic in nature due to high pressure and temperature. Also, a narrow margin of the pressure operating window exists, leading to the frequent occurrence of well control and total mud losses incidents compounded with high H2S/CO2 corrosive environment and resulting in increased number of NPT (Non-Productive Time).
Cooperation between KOC Deep Drilling Team and Weatherford Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) led to accurate analysis of the risks and develop a high level MPD strategy to drill Gotnia pilot well in North Kuwait field where high pore and overburden pressure in this formation results in mud weight requirements above 19.0 ppg. Application of MPD allowed to maintain Bottom Hole Pressure constant (while drilling, tripping and during connections) and manage the Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) by constantly adjusting it based on real time data.
This paper analyzes the efforts in planning along with successful execution of drilling a challenging Gotnia formation and cementing of 10 ¾ -in liner in the narrow downhole pressure margin while obtaining a strong shoe for further drilling to the target depth. In comparison, the drilling time of this formation for the 7 offset wells was 106 hours on average while total drilling of the pilot well was carried out with 78 hours only (26% less). Experience and learning gained in this pilot well will go a long way in finalizing cost-effective field development plans incorporating optimal well trajectory, completion designs and off take strategies for maximizing recoveries from this challenging reservoir.
Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling and Logging in Deepwater Carbonate Reservoir - A Case History
Authors: Alahmad M. , Bonte P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over time, Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) techniques have gained acceptance and success in deepwater drilling, providing access to reservoirs that were previously difficult to reach. However, despite the documented successes in various publications, the level of complexity persists in the deepwater environment, accompanied by inherent risks. This paper discusses the challenges faced and key insights gained from drilling two deepwater exploration wells off the coast of Sabah, Malaysia.
Drilling carbonate reservoirs in deepwater is well known to pose challenges, primarily stemming from a narrow mud weight window, substantial drilling fluid losses due to the fractured and karstic nature of carbonates, and potential degradation of hole geometry during the drilling process. These risks, if not mitigated effectively, can jeopardise the safe and cost-efficient attainment of well objectives. The implementation of PMCD, incorporating a closed-loop pressure system, is instrumental in achieving safe drilling to the final well depth. Another significant challenge in the exploration context is that the Logging While Drilling (LWD) might not provide sufficient data for a thorough evaluation of reservoir characteristics. Consequently, the industry has devised solutions for wireline data acquisition in MPD and PMCD modes. A comprehensive review conducted prior to the first exploration well revealed the existing solutions represented significant rig-up risk, besides being heavy and resource-intensive in terms of rig operations and performance. Subsequently, a pioneering solution was devised, employing a side entry sub with pressure containment compatible with wireline equipment.
This innovative and world-first approach, detailed in this paper, enabled the successful wireline data acquisition on the two exploration wells. It is crucial to note, however, that the second well experienced a notable degradation of hole geometry due to the presence of soft carbonate sections within the reservoir. This presented challenges to both pressure measurement and fluid sampling during wireline operations. Moreover, the implemented PMCD method, involving constant injection down the annulus rather than the classic intermittent injection driven by gas migration, proved to be operationally demanding and increased the potential for human errors.
This paper concludes with key lessons learnt from this deepwater carbonate drilling experience, offering essential recommendations for analogous planned MPD/PMCD operations. These insights serve as a valuable resource for enhancing the safety and efficacy of future explorations in this challenging domain.
Road to Zero Flaring: Novel Approach in Unloading Gas Well in Offshore Brownfield Development
Authors: Razali A. Mohammad , Wan Mohamad W. A. , Sinha A. K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Typical setup for well unloading of oil or gas wells during exploration or appraisal and development phases involved utilization of burner boom where hydrocarbon will be flared off. Flaring would require additional equipment to burn the hydrocarbon, water cooling system, water cooling system to control the heat radiation from burning hydro carbon and accessories related to rigging up burner boom i.e. kingpost and padeye. This requirement would also be subjected to the type of rig being used to support the drilling activities and the existence of the burner boom for the activity to remove additional cost to install kingpost and padeye.
For an infill project in offshore Malaysia, three (3) infill gas producer wells were planned to be drilled to extend the field production and hub life above the Turn Down Ratio (TDR). The initial plans involved performing well unloading using the typical well test setup i.e. by installing the burner boom and water cooling systems. A semi tender rig will be used to install the kingpost and padeye prior to the mobilization and rig-up of the burner boom, to reduce the rig standby time.
With the vision to achieve zero flaring/venting, even small volume/scale initiatives can be considered as a crucial contributor to this vision. Hence, the unloading plan was revisited, and all options were re-evaluated to ensure that the gas wells can be unloaded safely. Since the field has existing platform and facilities to process/evacuate the gas, condensate and water, the best option was to flow the fluids from the newly drilled wells to the existing facilities. This would eliminate the requirement of the burner boom, kingpost and padeye installations and additional water-cooling system. Evidently, with this option, the team would be able to reduce the project cost significantly and subsequently the hydrocarbon can be produced immediately.
This paper covers the detailed planning of the well unloading through the existing facilities which involved equipment spotting, lifting plans, challenges faced during these activities, risks and mitigations and lessons learned that can be replicated in future new infill/development wells while contributing to the zero Green House Gas (GHG) emissions journey.
Optimizing Well Design and Operation with Technology: The Role of Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Data Governance and Standardization
Authors: Putra Syatria Kumala , Umar Mohammad Faisal , Sangaji Ridwan , Nugroho Andi , Dananjaya Ichsan Farandi , Sufri Ardilla , Prima Rafli Nur 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the rapidly evolving oil and gas industry, leveraging technology for optimizing well design and operations is essential. This technical paper outlines the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to address critical challenges in drilling operations, safety enforcement, and environmental monitoring. It also explores the importance of robust data governance and standardization facilitated by Company's DreamWell tool. Each technology application aims to enhance decision-making, increase operational and cost efficiency, and promote safety.
The complexity of well operations in the oil and gas industry necessitates robust data governance and standardization to ensure efficient, safe, and sustainable practices. As time goes by, Company has developed DreamWell, an integrated tool for database management, reporting, evaluation, analysis, and monitoring of well operations. DreamWell optimizes technology to improve data governance and standardization, leading to better decision-making, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. This paper explores the features and capabilities of DreamWell, its impact on data governance and standardization in well operations, and its potential for future development.
Automated E-Line Milling in Slimhole Well
Authors: Akkarachalanont P. , Tangkiatirat C. , Konglumthan K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The first time with an automated electric-line (E-line) milling has been deployed in 2-7/8" tubing which is called "Slimhole well", for scale removal in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT). This paper highlights on operation consideration that made a step change of scale removal in 2-7/8" tubing commingles well.
Automated E-line milling is robotic tool string assembly, automatically controls tractor force with intercommunication between milling cartridge and tractor, embedded with control algorithms. Automatic control system improves torque-on-bit by minimize margin of torque spikes and it reduces occurrence of motor stalls with having automatic tractor backing-off feature – reversing bit rotation and commanding tractor to move upward. Tool string has temperature limit at 350-degree F.
Standard Slimhole well of Chevron Thailand is 3-string commingle well design with cemented tubing and normally run with 2-7/8" tubing. Challenge of production in 2-7/8" tubing is scale built up after production for a while and restrict flow at perforated hole at pay sand and finally, the scale develops to be full bore restriction of production below. To remove wellbore restriction, slickline or wireline cleanout is primary method with success rate in between 19-33%. If the remaining reserve value below restriction is economic for coil tubing clean out, then those wells will be scheduled and cleaned out by coil tubing unit (CTU). In addition, high temperature is another challenge in GOT for tool string design and selection.
In 2023, Chevron Thailand has trial E-line milling to clear scale for 5 wells in gas field, resulting to total of 935 ft length of scale milled and cleared. We have experienced challenges of high temperature (maximum wellbore temperature at 378-degree F), cross flow, and cutting handling. "Quenching technique" by pumping seawater is implemented to mitigating high temperature. However, clearance between tool string and tubing I.D. is limitation of quenching effectiveness and causes of high tension regarding to crossflow between pay sands. Challenge of cutting handling occurs when milling full bore scale or milling scale at bottommost perforated pay sand. This lesson learning will be considered when well candidate selection in new campaign.
Integrated Engineering Approach Towards Re-Purposing Existing Wells in Peninsular Malaysia Asset for CCS in Depleted Reservoir
Authors: Pathy Kuhanesapathy Thavaras , Thiam Yap Yun , Zhi Chew Siang , Azhar Abdullah Farhan Aiman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in the oilfield in achieving Net Zero Carbon Emissions (NZCE) has led to the evolution of Carbon, Capture and Storage (CCS) as one of the most practical and feasible solutions. CCS is a vital technology, aimed at mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE) by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, transporting them to suitable storage sites, and securely storing them underground. In Malaysia, CCS holds significant promise as a key solution in the country's efforts to address climate change while supporting sustainable development. However, to transport and store CO2 safely, multiple predominant options of offshore storage sites in Malaysia will have to be assessed for suitability. Hence, there is a requirement to accelerate the adoption of an integrated engineering assessment to evaluate and develop potential fields, be it depleted or saline aquifer, for the purpose of CCS. Wells play a key role in a CCS field assessment as either potential leak paths or new/existing conduits to inject and safely contain CO2 into the identified fields.
This paper discusses the approach undertaken by PETRONAS Wells in assessing the first Peninsular Malaysia asset considered for CCS with a depleted reservoir in place. The paper outlines the key strategies and considerations undertaken from both an engineering and operational standpoint to mature the CCS field. Continuous improvement and institutionalization were achieved through the understanding of coherence between process, tools, and people development to ensure consistency. This resulted in overall cost savings for the economics of inherent and foreign CO2 injection within the organization. The wells were assessed by pre-defined technical and operational criteria and risk assessed for re-purposing. The paper details the outcomes of this assessment. An overall PETRONAS Wells CCS framework was also developed to enhance the well engineering assurance process and deliver feasible storage development plans in accordance to well integrity resulting in storage maturation throughout Malaysia.
Experimental Study on Sealing Behavior of Plugging Slurry in Large-Scaled Vertical Fracture Coupled Wellbore System
Authors: Xie Zhichao , Kang Yili , Lin Chong , Xu Chengyuan , Zhang Jingyi , You Lijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The simulation of the process of plugging slurry sealing fractures through indoor experimental methods presents a convenient and efficient approach for the selection and design of lost circulation materials (LCMs). Nevertheless, prevalent plugging experimental apparatuses exhibit limitations, including a small fracture plate scale and reduced reproducibility. To address the limitations of the currently utilized plugging experimental devices, a wellbore-fracture coupled plugging experimental device is employed to simulate the operational process of wellbore plugging slurry injection. A large-scale visualized fracture plate, fabricated from plexiglass and based on the geometric parameters of formation fractures, is processed. Laser etching technology is utilized to replicate the undulating characteristics of the fracture wall. A sequence of sealing evaluation experiments was conducted, employing commonly used well field materials, including calcite, walnut shell, and flake LCMs. The findings indicate that: (1) The selection of the particle size of the bridging material, based on the D90 bridging principle, employs the particle size selection principle of 0.6Wf for irregularly shaped LCMs, and 1.6Wf for flake LCMs; (2) Under the influence of viscous resistance, the denser bridging material experiences a faster loss of kinetic energy within the fracture, resulting in a co-existing "retention" and "residence" sealing mode; (3) When the length of the fiber material exceeds the particle size of the bridging material, it alters the geometric size by enveloping the bridging material, thereby increasing its "residence" probability and enhancing the interception capability of the bridging material; (4) The study provides a detailed depiction of the settlement and migration behavior of irregular LCMs, uncovers the auxiliary bridging mechanism of fiber LCMs within the fractures, integrates the mouth sealing and sealing effect of LCMs, proposes four evaluation indicators of mouth sealing degree , mouth sealing time, sealing efficiency, and sealing strength, elucidates the negative effect rating of mouth sealing, and establishes the absolute bridging addition map version considering the presence of fiber in the bridging material.
Optimizing Complex Live Gas Well Fishing: Real-Time Wellbore Diagnostics Combining Coiled Tubing Hybrid Cable and Flow-Thru Downhole Camera Technologies
Authors: Afsal A. M. , Stepanov V. , Villagrana L. C. , Delaune J. , Beluco S. D. , Le Maitre S. , Ims T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work introduces an innovative Flow-Thru downhole camera solution that utilizes a hybrid electro-optical cable integrated within Coiled Tubing (CT) strings. This technology enables a wide range of downhole intervention and remedial operations while providing real-time footage in high resolution. The paper also includes a case study that highlights the successful application of this camera system during a complex live gas well fishing operation.
This advanced downhole camera solution, developed for robust deployment via CT, incorporates a single Hemispherical lens located at the tip of the tool string, offering a 360° field of view to allow comprehensive diagnostics. The design also includes a "Coil Sleeve" or "flow-by housing", allowing the passage of pumped fluids over the camera's electronics and enabling flow exit around the camera dome. This unique feature not only ensures the lens remains clear of debris and wellbore contaminants but also provides active electronics cooling, enhancing performance in challenging downhole conditions. The ‘pump-thru’ capability opens opportunities to seamlessly combine routine CT pumping and well displacement operations with camera diagnostics, delivering substantial time and cost savings to operators. Moreover, the clamp-on style centralizers integrated into the camera housing serve to centralize the captured images and facilitate navigation through wellhead, tubing hangup points and tubing transitions.
The camera technology was instrumental in a demanding operation to recover wireline cable and remove a bottom hole assembly in a live gas well. Extensive preparations over several months, besides planning on paper, included integration tests and yard trials. These preparations culminated in successful diagnostic runs, which encompassed inspecting the integrity and operation of the subsurface safety valve, examining top-of-liner features for BHA hang-up points, and assessing the top of the fish. High-definition pictures and videos were captured for all these critical features. During the diagnostic runs, the camera allowed to unveil changes in casing geometry through LED light reflection analysis. This finding guided the decision to adjust the BHA configuration, resulting in successful progression in wire removal and fish displacement to the rathole. The operation also required a custom long-range telemetry system for reliable communication over extended hybrid cable lengths exceeding 24,000 FT. The paper highlights two camera lens dome configurations with internal and external LED image lighting, discussing the benefits of each.