bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI of the petromastoid canal in children
Authors: Koral Korgun , Vachha Behroze , Gimi Barjor , Zhang Song , Ulualp Seckin O. , Suter Edgar , Fernandes Neil , McMenamy John , Booth Timothy N. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeTo characterize the MRI features of the petromastoid canal in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and in normal infants.Materials and MethodsHigh resolution MRI examinations of 564 children who were evaluated for SNHL and brain MRI examinations of 112 infants who had normal studies were studied independently by two reviewers.ResultsIn SNHL group, visibility of the PMC decreased for right and left PMC (P < 0.001). The width of the right PMC significantly decreased as age increased (P < 0.0001). There was no relation between abnormalities of membranous labyrinth and cochlear nerve and PMC visibility in children with SNHL (p > 0.05). In the normal group, the PMC visibility decreased with increasing age (right P = 0.0001, left P = 0.001). In the normal group also, as age increased, the PMC width decreased for both PMCs (right, P = 0.0006; left, P = 0.03).ConclusionThe PMC is more frequently visualized in young children. Its visibility and width are not associated with abnormalities of membranous labyrinth and cochlear nerves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:966–971. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
European isotherms move northwards by up to 15 km year−1: using climate analogues for awareness‐raising
Authors: Beniston Martin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLittle use has been made up till now of the concept of climate analogues to link the present and the past, i.e. places whose current climate (‘target’ locations) is similar to that experienced some decades ago at distant locations (‘reference’ sites). Indeed, most research up till now has focused on analogues between present and future climates. Here we assess at what period of time the climate at a target station in Europe has reached—or will reach—that of a reference location, and show that the velocity of northward‐moving isotherms can attain 15 km year−1. Such displacements in space imply that temperatures at many target sites in Europe have already exceeded those experienced by stations located 300–500 km to the south in the last half‐century. Such results can serve to better portray what a rapidly changing climate means to a lay audience, and can provide useful information to the policy‐making community.
Impact of direct cell co‐cultures on human adipose‐derived stromal cells and nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Sun Zhen , Liu Zhi‐Heng , Zhao Xu‐Hong , Sun Lu , Chen Yu‐Fei , Zhang Wei‐Lin , Gao Yang , Zhang Yong‐Zhao , Wan Zhong‐Yuan , Samartzis Dino , Wang Hai‐Qiang , Luo Zhuo‐Jing 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBiologic and cellular treatment strategies aiming for curing intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have been proposed recently. Given the convenient availability and expansion potential, adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) might be an ideal cell candidate. However, the interaction between ADSCs and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells still remains ambiguous, especially in direct co‐cultures of the two types of cells. Nevertheless, NP markers in ADSCs after co‐cultures were unidentified. Here, we addressed the interaction of human ADSCs and NP cells in a direct co‐culture system for the first time. As a result, ADSCs could differentiate to the NP cell phenotype with a significant up‐regulated expression of multiple genes and proteins in extracellular matrix (ECM) (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, and COL6A2), relative NP markers (FOXF1, PAX1, CA12, and HBB) and pertinent growth factors (CDMP‐1, TGF‐β1, IGF‐1, and CTGF). Moreover, the gene expression of COL2A1, ACAN, and COL6A2 of degenerate NP cells was also up‐regulated. Collectively, these results suggest that direct co‐cultures of ADSCs and NP cells may exert a reciprocal impact, that is, both stimulating ADSCs differentiation to the NP cell phenotype and inducing NP cells to regain functional phenotype. Accordingly, ADSCs might be a potential candidate in the development of cellular treatment strategies for IDD. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1804–1813, 2013
Holocene river and slope activity in the Visoko Basin, Bosnia‐Herzegovina – climate and land‐use effects
Authors: DREIBRODT S. , LUBOS C. , HOFMANN R. , MÜLLER‐SCHEEßEL N. , RICHLING I. , NELLE O. , FUCHS M. , RASSMANN K. , KUJUNDŽIĆ‐VEJZAGIĆ Z. , BORK H.‐R. , MÜLLER J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAlluvial and colluvial deposits were investigated at prehistoric tells close to the Bosna River. The chronology is based on ten radiocarbon ages, five optically stimulated luminescence ages, and on the archaeological record. Fluvial activity of the Bosna River is indicated by overbank fines [ca. 5000 (±1000) BC, 500 BC until today] and a phase of lateral displacement of the river bed with subsequent channel fills ca. 2000–500 BC. Early Holocene fluvial activity was probably triggered by climatic variability but might have promoted the expansion of Neolithic societies into the Visoko Basin. Mid‐ to late Holocene river activity occurred under increased climatic aridity but coincided with the expansion of prehistoric settlements to a wider area of the river basin on hard rocks in the adjacent mountainous areas. The destruction of the thin soil cover in the mountains is discussed as a probable trigger for enduring subsequent river activity. This is also indicated by a change in the geochemical signature of the alluvial sediments. The proposed mechanism might explain the mid to late Holocene river history in other regions. The potential of geochemical analyses and diachronous high‐resolution archaeological records to make inferences regarding sediment sources and geomorphological processes is demonstrated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing fatty acid biostatus: Red blood cells or plasma?
Authors: Harris William S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOmega‐3 fatty acid (n‐3 FA) biostatus can be estimated using red blood cell (RBC) membranes or plasma. The sample type that exhibits the lower within‐person variability and is less affected by an acute dose of n‐3 FA is preferred in clinical practice. The experiments described here indicate that RBC‐based metrics are superior to plasma‐based for use in patient care.
Corner asymptotics of the magnetic potential in the eddy‐current model
Authors: Dauge Monique , Dular Patrick , Krähenbühl Laurent , Péron Victor , Perrussel Ronan , Poignard Clair 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the magnetic potential in the vicinity of a corner of a conducting body embedded in a dielectric medium in a bidimensional setting. We make explicit the corner asymptotic expansion for this potential as the distance to the corner goes to zero. This expansion involves singular functions and singular coefficients. We introduce a method for the calculation of the singular functions near the corner, and we provide two methods to compute the singular coefficients: the method of moments and the method of quasi‐dual singular functions. Estimates for the convergence of both approximate methods are proven. We eventually illustrate the theoretical results with finite element computations. The specific nonstandard feature of this problem lies in the structure of its singular functions: They have the form of series whose first terms are harmonic polynomials, and further terms are genuine nonsmooth functions generated by the piecewise constant zeroth order term of the operator. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effectiveness of three types of alternating pressure air mattresses in the prevention of pressure ulcers in Belgian hospitals
Authors: Demarré Liesbet , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann , Grypdonck Maria , Clays Els , Vanderwee Katrien , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo compare the effectiveness of multi‐stage and one‐stage alternating low‐pressure air mattresses (ALPAM) and alternating pressure air mattress (APAM) overlays in preventing pressure ulcers among hospitalized patients, data were pooled (N = 617) from a study of patients allocated to multi‐stage ALPAM (n = 252) or one‐stage ALPAM (n = 264), and another study of patients allocated to APAM overlay (n = 101). Cumulative pressure ulcer incidence was 4.9% (n = 30) over 14 days. Fewer ulcers developed on multi‐stage ALPAM compared with APAM overlay (OR = 0.33; 95% CI [0.11, 0.97]), but no difference was found between one‐stage ALPAM and APAM overlay (OR = 0.40; 95% CI [0.14, 1.10]). Time to develop ulcers did not differ by mattress type. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 439–452, 2013.
Polyamine Ligand‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles into Chainlike Structures in Aqueous Solution: Towards New Nanostructured Chemosensors
Authors: Fernández‐Lodeiro Adrián , Fernández‐Lodeiro Javier , Núñez Cristina , Bastida Rufina , Capelo José Luis , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolyamine ligands are very versatile compounds due to their water solubility and flexibility. In the present work, we have exploited the binding ability of a polyamine molecular linker (L2−) bearing different functional groups, which favors the self‐assembling of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into 1D nanochains in aqueous solution. The chainlike assemblies of AuNPs and AgNPs were structurally stable for a long period of time, during which their characteristic optical properties remained unchanged. The mechanism of AuNPs and AgNPs chain assembly associated with the induction of electric dipole–dipole interactions arising from the partial ligand exchange of surface‐adsorbed citrate ions by (L2−) was investigated. UV/Vis spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine timedependent structural changes associated with formation of the 1D nanoparticle structures. Finally, the sensing of Hg2+ in aqueous solution using AgNPs@(L)2− and AuNPs@(L)2− assemblies was also carried out in aqueous solution.
Quantitative evaluation method for electroluminescence images of a‐Si:H thin‐film solar modules
Authors: Tran T. M. H. , Pieters B. E. , Schneemann M. , Müller T. C. M. , Gerber A. , Kirchartz T. , Rau U. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis work presents a method for extracting the absolute local junction voltage of a‐Si:H thin‐film solar cells and modules from electroluminescence (EL) images. It is shown that the electroluminescent emission of a‐Si:H devices follows a diode law with a radiative ideality factor nr larger than one. We introduce an evaluation method that allows us to determine the absolute local junction voltage in cases of nr > 1, while existing approaches rely on the assumption of nr = 1. Furthermore, we find that the experimentally determined values of nr vary from sample to sample. It is also explained why the derived radiative ideality factor is influenced by the spectral sensitivity of the camera system used in the experiment. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced radiance bias correction in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system
Authors: Zhu Yanqiu , Derber John , Collard Andrew , Dee Dick , Treadon Russ , Gayno George , Jung James A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRadiance bias correction is an important and necessary step in the proper use of satellite observations in a data assimilation system. The original radiance bias‐correction scheme used in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system consists of two components: a variational air‐mass dependent component and a scan‐angle component. The air‐mass component is updated within the GSI, while the scan‐angle component is updated outside the GSI.This study examines and enhances several aspects of the radiance bias‐correction problem. First, a modified pre‐conditioning is applied to the bias‐correction coefficients and the analysis variables to speed up convergence of the minimization process. A new procedure for applying the modified pre‐conditioning in the GSI is utilized. Second, capabilities for detecting any new/missing/recovering radiance data and initializing the bias correction for new radiance data are implemented. A new scheme is proposed and employed to adjust the background‐error variances for the bias‐correction coefficients automatically, using an approximation of the analysis‐error variances from the previous cycle, and to remove the pre‐specified predictor scaling parameters. Finally, the capability to perform bias correction for passive channels within the GSI is developed with a new approach.The two‐step bias‐correction procedure originally used is replaced with a one‐step variational bias‐correction scheme within the GSI. Experiment results with the GSI‐based hybrid ensemble‐variational system show that using the modified pre‐conditioning leads to a better convergence rate. Moreover, with the one‐step scheme, the anomaly correlation of geopotential height at 500 mb is neutral in the Northern Hemisphere but improved in the Southern Hemisphere. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) error of wind is comparable to that of the two‐step scheme and the biases of the global temperature 24 h and 48 h forecasts fitted to the rawinsonde are reduced.
A spatial transformation scheme supporting data privacy and query integrity for security of outsourced databases
Authors: Kim Hyeong‐Il , Hossain Al‐Amin , Chang Jae‐Woo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOutsourcing database to a third‐party data provider is becoming a common practice for data owners to avoid the cost of managing and maintaining the database. Meanwhile, because of the popularity of location‐based services, the need for spatial data is increasing dramatically. However, the most important challenge in database outsourcing is how to meet privacy requirements and guarantee the integrity of the query result as well. Unfortunately, most of the existing techniques support either data privacy or integrity on spatial databases. To carry on both privacy and integrity for outsourced spatial data, we propose a spatial transformation scheme that makes use of shearing transformation with rotation shifting. We describe attack models measuring the data privacy of our transformation scheme. Finally, our extensive experiments have demonstrated that our scheme has adequate strength for data privacy by showing outstanding performance against different kinds of attack models and efficiently handles the query integrity of the query result sets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field Emission Characteristics of Contact Printed Graphene Fins
Authors: Hallam Toby , Cole Matthew T. , Milne William I. , Duesberg Georg S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCarbon nanostructures have been much sought after for cold‐cathode field emission applications. Herein a printing technique is reported to controllably nanostructure chemical vapor deposited graphene into vertically standing fins. The method allows for the creation of regular arrays of bilayer graphene fins, with sharp ridges that, when printed onto gold electrodes, afford a new type of field emission electron source geometry. The approach affords tunable morphologies and excellent long term and cyclic stabilities.
Effects of environmental organochlorine pesticides on human breast cancer: Putative involvement on invasive cell ability
Authors: Pestana Diogo , Teixeira Diana , Faria Ana , Domingues Valentina , Monteiro Rosário , Calhau Conceição 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHuman exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a certainty, even to long banned pesticides like o,p′‐dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p′‐DDT), and its metabolites p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′‐DDE), and p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p′‐DDD). POPs are known to be particularly toxic and have been associated with endocrine‐disrupting effects in several mammals, including humans even at very low doses. As environmental estrogens, they could play a critical role in carcinogenesis, such as in breast cancer. With the purpose of evaluating their effect on breast cancer biology, o,p′‐DDT, p,p′‐DDE, and p,p′‐DDD (50–1000 nM) were tested on two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines: MCF‐7 expressing estrogen receptor (ER) α and MDA‐MB‐231 negative for ERα, regarding cell proliferation and viability in addition to their invasive potential. Cell proliferation and viability were not equally affected by these compounds. In MCF‐7 cells, the compounds were able to decrease cell proliferation and viability. On the other hand, no evident response was observed in treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Concerning the invasive potential, the less invasive cell line, MCF‐7, had its invasion potential significantly induced, while the more invasive cell line MDA‐MB‐231, had its invasion potential dramatically reduced in the presence of the tested compounds. Altogether, the results showed that these compounds were able to modulate several cancer‐related processes, namely in breast cancer cell lines, and underline the relevance of POP exposure to the risk of cancer development and progression, unraveling distinct pathways of action of these compounds on tumor cell biology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 168–176, 2015.
Sparsely‐deployed relay node assisted routing algorithm for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Tian Rui , Zhang Baoxian , Li Cheng , Ma Jian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study the issue of routing in a vehicular ad hoc network with the assistance of sparsely deployed auxiliary relay nodes at some road intersections in a city. In such a network, vehicles keep moving, and relay nodes are static. The purpose of introducing auxiliary relay nodes is to reduce the end‐to‐end packet delivery delay. We propose a sparsely deployed relay node assisted routing (SRR) algorithm, which differs from existing routing protocols on how routing decisions are made at road intersections where static relay nodes are available such that relay nodes can temporarily buffer a data packet if the packet is expected to meet a vehicle leading to a better route with high probability in certain time than the current vehicles. We further calculate the joint probability for such a case to happen on the basis of the local vehicle traffic distribution and also the turning probability at an intersection. The detailed procedure of the protocol is presented. The SRR protocol is easy to implement and requires little extra routing information. Simulation results show that SRR can achieve high performance in terms of end‐to‐end packet delivery latency and delivery ratio when compared with existing protocols. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracheal Stenting has Minimal Impact on Survival in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Rajeev Parameswaran , Ezzat Tarek , Slade Mark , Sadler Gregory Paul , Mihai Radu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer and it has an extremely poor prognosis. Rapid airway compromise is the main cause of death in patients with ATC.MethodsThe present study is based on a retrospective review of clinical data of patients with ATC treated over the last decade in a tertiary referral center.ResultsBetween January 1998 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males: 18 females) with a mean age of 74 years (range: 54–90 years) had a diagnosis of ATC made on fine‐needle aspiration (n = 29) or biopsy (n = 2). Eight patients underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection, and five patients had attempted surgery but the procedure was abandoned because of inoperability. Airway compromise was clinically apparent in 11 patients. Five patients had tracheal stents inserted, with a median survival of 2 months (range: 1–36 months). In the whole cohort, 29 patients died of the disease, with a mean survival of 7 months (range: 1–36 months).ConclusionsSurvival of patients with undifferentiated thyroid cancer is severely compromised by airway obstruction. Palliation with tracheal stenting can rescue catastrophic airway obstruction but offers minimal survival benefit.
Pollution‐related changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense profile in the blood of white stork Ciconia ciconia chicks from different regions of Poland
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Kurhaluk Natalia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChanges in the lipid peroxidation and oxidatively modified protein levels as well as the antioxidant defense system in the blood of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) chicks were analyzed during their development in nests in polluted and control environments. The control, relatively pure, environment was the village of Kłopot, with no industrial plants within a radius of 150 km. Blood samples were also collected in two polluted areas, including (1) the suburban village of Czarnowo, located 20 km from the city of Zielona Góra (southwestern Poland) and (2) an area near the town of Głogów, where a large copper smelter is situated. The effects of various ecological threats from different environments tended to initiate oxidative stress and decrease total antioxidant capacity. The initiation of lipid peroxidation and increases in the levels of carbonyl derivatives of oxidative amino acids were observed in the plasma of chicks from polluted areas. Plasma catalase and the selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase activities of erythrocytes were significantly higher in chicks from polluted areas than in those from control areas. Oxidative stress and components of the antioxidant defense system, especially glutathione peroxidase activity, can be used as indicators of oxidative stress, which was found to be greater in the polluted areas (near the Głogów copper smelter). Research into oxidative stress biomarkers can aid assessments of the conditions of birds, and points to a positive association with miscellaneous environmental loads.
Axis I psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and young adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome
Authors: Ousley O.Y. , Smearman E. , Fernandez-Carriba S. , Rockers K.A. , Coleman K. , Walker E.F. , Cubells J.F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) associates with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and other psychiatric disorders, but co-occurrence of diagnoses are not well described.MethodsWe evaluated the co-occurrence of SSDs, ASDs and other axis I psychiatric diagnoses in 31 adolescents and adults with 22q11DS, assessing ASDs using either stringent Collaborative Program for Excellence in Autism (ASD-CPEA) criteria, or less stringent DSM-IV criteria alone (ASD-DSM-IV).ResultsTen (32%) individuals met criteria for an SSD, five (16%) for ASD-CPEA, and five others (16%) for ASD-DSM-IV. Of those with ASD-CPEA, one (20%) met SSD criteria. Of those with ASD-DSM-IV, four (80%) met SSD criteria. Depressive disorders (8 individuals; 26%) and anxiety disorders (7; 23%) sometimes co-occurred with SSDs and ASDs. SSDs, ASDs, and anxiety occurred predominantly among males and depression predominantly among females.ConclusionsIndividuals with 22q11DS can manifest SSDs in the presence or absence of ASDs and other axis I diagnoses. The results suggest that standard clinical care should include childhood screening for ASDs, and later periodic screening for all axis I diagnoses.