bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bona Fide Evidence for Natural Vertical Transmission of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus in Freshwater Brood Stocks of Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Southern Chile
Authors: Marshall Sergio H. , Ramírez Ramón , Labra Alvaro , Carmona Marisela , Muñoz Cristián 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a severe disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
), causing outbreaks in seawater in most salmon-producing countries worldwide, with particular aggressiveness in southern Chile. The etiological agent of this disease is a virus belonging to the
Orthomyxoviridae
family, named infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV). Although it has been suggested that this virus can be vertically transmitted, even in freshwater, there is a lack of compelling experimental evidence to confirm this. Here we demonstrate significant putative viral loads in the ovarian fluid as well as in the eggs of two brood stock female adult specimens that harbored the virus systemically but without clinical signs. The target virus corresponded to a highly polymorphic region 3 (HPR-3) variant, which is known to be virulent in seawater and responsible for recent and past outbreaks of this disease in Chile. Additionally, the virus recovered from the fluid as well as from the interior of the eggs was fully infective to a susceptible fish cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first robust evidence demonstrating mother-to-offspring vertical transmission of the infective virus on the one hand and the asymptomatic transmission of a virulent form of the virus in freshwater fish on the other hand.

IMPORTANCE
The robustness of the data presented here will contribute to a better understanding of the biology of the virus but most importantly will constitute a key management tool in the control of an aggressive agent constantly threatening the sustainability of the global salmon industry.
Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Hijacks ARFGAP1 To Maintain a Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate-Enriched Microenvironment
Authors: Li Hongyan , Yang Xiaojie , Yang Guangbo , Hong Zhi , Zhou Liya , Yin Peiqi , Xiao Yan , Chen Lingyi , Chung Raymond T. , Zhang Leiliang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) is well known to be upregulated during hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. The role of PI4 kinases in HCV has been extensively investigated. Whether the PI4P phosphatase Sac1 is altered by HCV remains unclear. Here, we identified ARFGAP1 to be a novel host factor for HCV replication. We further show that Sac1 interacts with ARFGAP1 and inhibits HCV replication. The elevation of PI4P induced by HCV NS5A is abrogated when the coatomer protein I (COPI) pathway is inhibited. We also found an interaction between NS5A and ARFGAP1. Furthermore, we identified a conserved cluster of positively charged amino acids in NS5A critical for interaction between NS5A and ARFGAP1, induction of PI4P, and HCV replication. Our data demonstrate that ARFGAP1 is a host factor for HCV RNA replication. ARFGAP1 is hijacked by HCV NS5A to remove COPI cargo Sac1 from the site of HCV replication to maintain high levels of PI4P.
Our findings provide an additional mechanism by which HCV enhances formation of a PI4P-rich environment.

IMPORTANCE
PI4P is enriched in the replication area of HCV; however, whether PI4P phosphatase Sac1 is subverted by HCV is not established. The detailed mechanism of how COPI contributes to viral replication remains unknown, though COPI components were hijacked by HCV. We demonstrate that ARFGAP1 is hijacked by HCV NS5A to remove COPI cargo Sac1 from the HCV replication area to maintain high-level PI4P generated by NS5A. Furthermore, we identify a conserved cluster of positively charged amino acids in NS5A, which are critical for interaction between NS5A and ARFGAP1, induction of PI4P, and HCV replication. This study will shed mechanistic insight on how other RNA viruses hijack COPI and Sac1.
The efficacy of the Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler in the detection of free-flap compromise: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Agha Riaz A , Gundogan Buket , Fowler Alexander J , Bragg Thomas W H , Orgill Dennis P 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionThe Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler monitors venous or arterial blood flow from free flaps and can detect free-flap compromise. Previous studies have shown that the use of this Doppler can improve detection and salvage rates as it provides an earlier warning than the current method of clinical assessment. Such studies assert that the implantable Doppler is of great value in monitoring free flaps in current microsurgical units. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of the Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler in monitoring free-flap compromise against conventional clinical free-flap monitoring techniques.Methods and analysisVarious electronic databases will be systematically searched for studies that compare the use of Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler with clinical assessment. The selected studies will then have their titles and abstracts screened by two authors. Articles selected after title and abstract screen will have full text downloaded and the complete article will be assessed for suitability. Once the articles have been selected for inclusion, data extraction will take place. For data analysis, the outcomes of the studies will be tabulated, with descriptive statistics performed as appropriate and the detection rate of the Doppler and clinical assessment will be compared and synthesised where possible.Ethics and disseminationThe authors hope to disseminate the findings as widely as possible. This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and include a number of recommendations as its conclusion based on the evidence contained within. Given the wide range of specialties now utilising flaps, it will be presented at a wide range of national and international conferences.Protocol Registration in PROSPEROCRD42013005818The literature search and data extraction went on until 28 January 2014. These steps were revised in line with peer review comments.
Al Khlata glacial deposits in the Oman Mountains and their implications
Authors: Heward A. P. , Penney R. A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A thick succession of Al Khlata glacio-lacustrine deposits, including diamictites, crops out in the Wadi Daiqa inlier and there are other possible Al Khlata outcrops in Wadi Amdeh and Wadi al Arabiyin. These outcrops in the Oman Mountains are 100 km north of where the Al Khlata had been thought to pinch out by non-deposition or erosion. Fossil spores and pollen from Wadi Daiqa are highly carbonized having been subject to greenschist facies metamorphism, but are still clearly identifiable as taxa from the Late Carboniferous 2159A zone of the oil-producing areas of interior Oman. This northernmost Al Khlata is sand rich and interpreted to be glacio-lacustrine. Previously the sand-dominated Al Khlata successions north of the Central Oman High have been considered to be glacio-fluvial outwash largely based on their context. The Al Khlata deposits in Wadi Daiqa and the underlying several-kilometre-thick Amdeh succession are preserved in Saih Hatat, probably in a continuation of the Ghaba Salt Basin that itself overlies an accreted terrane from the Pan African orogeny.
Near-surface diagenesis of ophiolite-derived conglomerates of the Barzaman Formation, United Arab Emirates: a natural analogue for permanent CO
2
sequestration via mineral carbonation of ultramafic rocks
Authors: Lacinska Alicja Magdalena , Styles Michael Thomas , Farrant Andrew Roger 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage by mineralization is a potential method for storing anthropogenic CO
2
emissions, and is based on the reaction between Mg silicate and CO
2
to form Mg carbonate. The conglomerates of the Barzaman Formation exposed in the eastern United Arab Emirates represent an excellent natural analogue of this process. These conglomerates were deposited as a series of alluvial fans along the western margin of the Hajar Mountains, part of the Oman-UAE Ophiolite, and are composed largely of ultramafic and lesser-mafic clasts. The clasts and matrix have been extensively altered to dolomite during diagenetic processes. Analysis and interpretation of rock textures provide evidence for the various factors that influenced the diagenetic processes and shed light on the silicate–carbonate transformation process. All the reactions have taken place in the near-surface environment; the silicate–carbonate conversion reaction is exothermic and occurs spontaneously at near-ambient pressure and temperature, probably no greater than 50 °C. Estimates of the amount of CO
2
stored in this way can be obtained from considerations of outcrop area, formation thickness and percentage of dolomite replacement, and show that
c.
150 billion tonnes (equivalent to about 4 years of worldwide CO
2
emissions at current rates) are stored.
Magma genesis controlled by tectonic styles in the northern part of the Arabia plate during Cenozoic time
Authors: Al-Kwatli Mohamad Amer , Gillot Pierre Yves , Lefèvre Jean Claude , Hildenbrand Anthony , Kluska Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Widespread lava fields in the northern part of the Arabian platform are the subject of an open geodynamic debate on the origin of the intraplate volcanism. We present new K–Ar ages and whole-rock geochemical data for lava flows from Syria, which allow us to propose a new model of volcano-tectonic evolution highlighting how tectonics have controlled magma genesis in the region during the last 18 Ma. The Cenozoic Syrian lavas are alkaline and subalkaline rocks, typical of magma erupted in such a continental intraplate context. Basaltic samples from different Syrian volcanic provinces show significant variations in terms of incompatible trace element signatures. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role during magma migration and differentiation, and crystal fractionation is essentially restricted to olivine and clinopyroxene. Our results suggest that the Syrian lavas have been generated by variable degrees of partial melting (
c.
1–10%) from different levels of a locally heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. The light/medium rare Earth element (LREE/MREE) ratios not only illustrate how the degree of partial melting has changed spatially and temporally during the last
c.
18 Ma, but also indicate that the degree and the style of extensional tectonics has changed through time. We conclude that the Cenozoic Syrian volcanism is a consequence of extensional tectonics, under periodical influence of the north- and eastwards convergence at the Arabia–Eurasia margin, which induces rotational tectonic styles. This controls the partial melting at various depths in the mantle. The volcanism of northern Arabia developed in the framework of the Red Sea rifting and initiated at the same time as the southern Red Sea volcanism. It extends up to historical time, progressively smoothed to the north in a contradictory relation with the compressional/extensional setting of the Arabia–Eurasia margin.

Supplementary material:

Further information on the analytical results is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18681
.
Neoproterozoic evolution of the eastern Arabian basement based on a refined geochronology of the Marbat region, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Rantakokko Nina E. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Pease Victoria , Windley Brian F. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

New high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon data from the Sadh gneiss complex and the intruding Marbat granodiorite of the Marbat region, southern Sultanate of Oman, yield Cryogenian magmatic protolith ages for gneisses ranging from
c.
850 to 830 Ma. Zircon ages record a
c.
815–820 Ma period of deformation and migmatization, followed by intrusion of a hornblende gabbro/diorite and the undeformed Marbat granodiorite at
c.
795 Ma. Following break-up and rifting of Rodinia at
c.
870 Ma, crustal growth in the Marbat region occurred via arc accretion at
c.
850–790 Ma, possibly in the easternmost part of the Mozambique Ocean based on earlier cessation of accretion here compared to the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Similarity of the new zircon geochronology to peaks of detrital zircon ages in the unconformably overlying Ediacaran Marbat sandstone suggests relatively local derivation from uplifted basement for the latter.

Supplementary material:

Detailed petrographic descriptions and photographs of hand specimens and thin-sections are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18685
.
Structure of the metamorphic sole to the Oman Ophiolite, Sumeini Window and Wadi Tayyin: implications for ophiolite obduction processes
Authors: Cowan R. J. , Searle M. P. , Waters D. J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Two localities where the inverted metamorphic sole of the Oman Ophiolite are best exposed, Sumeini Window and Wadi Tayyin, have been mapped and sampled in greater detail. In both areas an inverted pressure and temperature profile is exposed beneath the Semail Thrust, the base of the ophiolite, from garnet+clinopyroxene-bearing granulite to hornblende+plagioclase amphibolite down through epidote amphibolite and a variety of greenschist facies metasediments, dominantly cherts, marbles and quartzites. Thermobarometry on garnet- and clinopyroxene-bearing amphibolites immediately beneath the contact with mantle sequence harzburgites shows that the upper sole rocks formed at pressure–temperature (
P–T
) conditions of 770–900 °C and 11–13 kbar, equivalent to depths of 30–40 km in oceanic lithosphere. Heat for metamorphism can only have been derived from the overlying mantle sequence peridotites. Pressures are higher than can be accounted for by the thickness of the ophiolite (15–20 km). Timing of peak metamorphism was synchronous with the formation of the ophiolite gabbroic–trondhjemite crustal sequence and eruption of the pillow lavas (Cenomanian; 96–95 Ma). Metamorphic sole rocks have been structurally repeated by imbricate thrusting, casting doubt on previous estimates of thermal gradients. All the data support a subduction zone setting for metamorphism and a supra-subduction zone environment for ophiolite formation during the Cenomanian.
History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Future Risk of Atherosclerosis in Mid‐life: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Gunderson Erica P. , Chiang Vicky , Pletcher Mark J. , Jacobs David R. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Sidney Stephen , Lewis Cora E. 
Published: March 2014

Background

History of gestational diabetes mellitus (
GDM
) increases lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes (
DM
) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increase risk of cardiovascular disease. It is unclear, however, whether
GDM
increases risk of early atherosclerosis independent of pre‐pregnancy obesity and subsequent metabolic disease.

Methods and Results

Of 2787 women (18 to 30 years) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (
CARDIA
) study, we studied 898 (47% black) who were free of
DM
and heart disease at baseline (1985‐1986), delivered ≥1 post‐baseline births, reported
GDM
history, and had common carotid intima media thickness (
ccIMT
, mm) measured in 2005‐2006. We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations between
GDM
and
ccIMT
adjusted for race, age, parity, and pre‐pregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors. We assessed mediators (weight gain, insulin resistance, blood pressure), and effect modification by incident
DM
or MetS during the 20‐year period. Of the 898 women, 119 (13%) reported
GDM
(7.6 per 100 deliveries). Average age was 31 at last birth and 44 at
ccIMT
measurement for
GDM
and non‐
GDM
groups. Unadjusted mean
ccIMT
was 0.023 mm higher for
GDM
than non‐
GDM
groups (
P
=0.029), but pre‐pregnancy
BMI
attenuated the difference to 0.016 mm (
P
=0.109). In 777 women without subsequent
DM
or the MetS, mean
ccIMT
was 0.023 mm higher for
GDM
versus non‐
GDM
groups controlling for race, age, parity, and pre‐pregnancy
BMI
(0.784 versus 0.761,
P
=0.039). Addition of pre‐pregnancy insulin resistance index had minimal impact on adjusted mean net
ccIMT
difference (0.22 mm). Mean
ccIMT
did not differ by
GDM
status among 121 women who developed
DM
or the MetS (
P
=0.58).

Conclusions

History of
GDM
may be a marker for early atherosclerosis independent of pre‐pregnancy obesity among women who have not developed type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome.
Ongoing adverse mental health impact of the earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Spittlehouse Janet K , Joyce Peter R , Vierck Esther , Schluter Philip J , Pearson John F 
Published: March 2014

Objective: In September 2010 Christchurch, New Zealand, was struck by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake, followed by a prolonged sequence of significant aftershocks including a fatal aftershock in February 2011. Christchurch City has experienced widespread damage, ongoing disruption and building demolitions resulting in many difficulties for the residents of the Christchurch area. We explore what impact the earthquakes have had on the mental and physical health of a random sample of 50-year-olds who live in the Christchurch area. Methods: The 295 participants were selected from the electoral rolls for participation in the CHALICE study, a longitudinal study of ageing. Self-reported health status was assessed using the standardised Short Form 36 version 2 health survey (SF-36v2), a 36-item questionnaire, and results from the eight subscales compared to a national health survey. Mood disorders were assessed and the results were compared to other local and national studies. Results: Since the onset of the earthquakes and throughout the study period, participating middle-aged Christchurch residents have mean SF-36v2 scores significantly lower than population norms in the mental health, vitality, social functioning and role-emotional subscales (Cohen’s d ranged from −0.270 to −0.357, all p < 0.001), while there was no evidence of reduced physical health. Rates of current major depressive disorder were 7.5% in the earthquake survivors compared to 5.1% and 3.7% in other historical, local and national surveys. Similarly, bipolar disorder prevalence was 2.8% in the earthquake survivors compared to 2.2% and 1.4% in other studies. Conclusion: Eighteen months after the first earthquake the significant adverse impact on mental health clearly continues. The ongoing provision of additional mental health services and consideration of these adverse mental health effects in relation to other social policies remains necessary and fundamental.
Exploring the efficacy and acceptability of Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for young adults with anxiety and depression: An open trial
Authors: Johnston Luke , Dear Blake F , Gandy Milena , Fogliati Vincent J , Kayrouz Rony , Sheehan Joanne , Rapee Ronald M , Titov Nickolai 
Published: March 2014

Background: The highest prevalence of mental health problems is amongst people aged 18–24, with anxiety disorders and depression the most common disorders in this age group. Few young adults seek and receive effective care, prompting calls for the development of ‘youth friendly’ services. The Internet is a modality that has the potential to facilitate engagement with, and delivery of psychological treatments to, young adults. To date, however, no therapist-guided Internet-delivered treatments have been developed specifically for young adults experiencing depression and anxiety. Aims: To examine the efficacy and acceptability of a new therapist-guided Internet-delivered treatment for young adults aged 18–24 with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Method: Participants accessed the Mood Mechanic Course, which consisted of four lessons delivered over 5 weeks. Measures of depression, anxiety, distress and disability were gathered before and after treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Results were provided by 78% and 83% of participants at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, respectively. Data were analysed using mixed linear model analyses. The trial was registered as: ACTRN12612001099819. Results: Treatment significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptom severity, disability and distress at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Large within-group effect sizes were found at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up on all measures using both completer and estimated marginal means (Cohen’s d = 1.02 to 1.41 and 0.94 to 1.45, respectively). The therapist spent an average of 37 minutes (SD = 18 minutes) in contact with participants during treatment. Participants rated the treatment as acceptable. Conclusions: Treatment gains recorded at post-treatment were sustained at 3-month follow-up, and were consistent with those reported in meta-analyses of Internet-delivered treatments developed for the broader adult population with depression and anxiety. These results provide encouraging preliminary evidence for the efficacy of therapist-guided Internet-delivered treatments for anxiety and depression tailored for young adults.
The prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy; a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Clancy Maurice J , Clarke Mary C , Connor Dearbhla J , Cannon Mary , Cotter David R 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Epilepsy has long been considered to be a risk factor for psychosis. However there is a lack of consistency in findings across studies on the effect size of this risk which reflects methodological differences in studies and changing diagnostic classifications within neurology and psychiatry. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy and to estimate the risk of psychosis among individuals with epilepsy compared with controls.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of all published literature pertaining to prevalence rates of psychosis in epilepsy using electronic databases PUBMED, OVIDMEDLINE, PsychINFO and Embase from their inception until September 2010 with the following search terms: prevalence, incidence, rate, rates, psychosis, schizophrenia, schizophreniform illness, epilepsy, seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy.

Results
The literature search and search of reference lists yielded 215 papers. Of these, 58 (27%) had data relevant to the review and 157 were excluded following a more detailed assessment. 10% of the included studies were population based studies. The pooled odds ratio for risk of psychosis among people with epilepsy compared with controls was 7.8. The pooled estimate of prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy was found to be 5.6% (95% CI: 4.8-6.4). There was a high level of heterogeneity. The prevalence of psychosis in temporal lobe epilepsy was 7% (95% CI: 4.9-9.1). The prevalence of interictal psychosis in epilepsy was 5.2% (95% CI: 3.3-7.2). The prevalence of postictal psychosis in epilepsy was 2% (95% CI: 1.2-2.8).

Conclusions
Our systematic review found that up to 6% of individuals with epilepsy have a co-morbid psychotic illness and that patients have an almost eight fold increased risk of psychosis. The prevalence rate of psychosis is higher in temporal lobe epilepsy (7%). We suggest that further investigation of this association could give clues to the aetiology of psychosis.