bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of a digital diabetes‐prevention programme versus an in‐person diabetes‐prevention programme in people with prediabetes in the United States
Authors: Park Sooyeol , Ballreich Jeromie , Ward Trevor , Shi Lizheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of a digital diabetes prevention programme (d‐DPP) compared with a diabetes prevention programme (DPP) for preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in individuals with prediabetes in the United States.MethodsA Markov cohort model was constructed, simulating a 10‐year period starting at the age of 45 years, with a societal and healthcare sector perspective. The effectiveness of the d‐DPP intervention was evaluated using a meta‐analysis, with that of the DPP as the comparator. The initial cycle represented the treatment period, and transition probabilities for the post‐treatment period were derived from a long‐term lifestyle intervention meta‐analysis. The onset of T2D complications was estimated using microsimulation. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated based on health utility measured by short form (SF)‐12 scores, and a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY gained was applied.ResultsThe d‐DPP intervention resulted in cost savings of $3,672 from a societal perspective and $2,990 from a healthcare sector perspective and a gain of 0.08 QALYs compared with the DPP. The dropout rate was identified as a significant factor influencing the results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the d‐DPP intervention was preferred in 85.8% in the societal perspective and 85.2% in the healthcare sector perspective.ConclusionsThe d‐DPP is a cost‐effective alternative to in‐person lifestyle interventions for preventing the development of T2D among individuals with prediabetes in the United States.
Body weight change associated kidney outcomes of sodium–glucose cotransporter new users
Authors: Jimba Takahiro , Kaneko Hidehiro , Azegami Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Ko Toshiyuki , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Hayashi Kaori , Nishiyama Akira , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Takeda Norihiko , Nangaku Masaomi , Komuro Issei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical significance of body weight changes on kidney outcomes among individuals with diabetes using sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide epidemiological database, and we conducted an analysis involving 11 569 individuals with diabetes who were newly prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors. The main outcome was the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), determined through a linear mixed‐effects model with an unstructured covariance structure.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 52 (Q1–Q3: 47–58) years, and the median fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were 144 (Q1–Q3: 124–175) mg/dL and 7.4 (Q1–Q3: 6.8–8.3)%, respectively. The median estimated eGFR was 77.7 (Q1–Q3: 67.2–89.1) mL/min/1.73 m2. The median follow‐up period was 1.7 (Q1–Q3: 1.0–2.6) years. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the body mass index change rate tertiles between baseline and 1 year after (tertile 1: <−4.55%, tertile 2: −4.55% to −1.43%, tertile 3: >−1.43%). The annual change in eGFR was −0.78 (−0.94 to −0.63) mL/min/1.73 m2 in tertile 1, −0.95 (−1.09 to −0.81) mL/min/1.73 m2 in tertile 2, and −1.65 mL/min/1.73 m2 (−1.84 to −1.47) in tertile 3 (pinteraction < 0.001). A variety of sensitivity analyses confirmed the relationship between the 1‐year body mass index decrease and favourable kidney outcomes after SGLT2 inhibitor administration.ConclusionsOur analysis of a nationwide epidemiological cohort revealed that kidney outcomes following the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors would be more favourable, with greater body weight loss observed after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Posttransplantation cyclophosphamide mediates effective reconstitution of memory B cells after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hayashi Tetsuya , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Takeda Shinichi , Nishimoto Mitsutaka , Okamura Hiroshi , Takakuwa Teruhito , Kuno Masatomo , Makuuchi Yosuke , Ido Kentaro , Sakatoku Kazuki , Horiuchi Mirei , Koh Hideo , Nakamae Mika , Hino Masayuki , Nakamae Hirohisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesImpaired B‐cell reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD). Therefore, methods to consistently achieve effective B cell lymphogenesis are required. We assessed the long‐term effects of posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) use on immune reconstitution in clinical settings, an emerging strategy to suppress allogeneic immunological inflammation early after allo‐HCT and prevent subsequent GVHD.MethodsWe comprehensively analyzed peripheral immune cell subsets and measured serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) or cytokine levels in 39 patients who survived for >1 year after allo‐HCT.ResultsThe absolute counts of B1 and IgM memory B cells were significantly lower in patients with severe cGVHD than in those without. The absolute count and percentage (among total CD19+ B cells) of switched memory B cells and serum IgG levels were significantly higher in patients transplanted with PTCy than in those transplanted with conventional GVHD prophylaxis. Interestingly, increased percentages of switched memory B cells and serum IgG levels were observed only in patients transplanted with PTCy and not in those transplanted with umbilical cord blood.ConclusionsPTCy administration can mediate favorable memory B‐cell reconstitution long after allo‐HCT and may therefore suppress cGVHD.
Congenital angular deviations of the tail in horses
Authors: Valletti Carlotta , Schmitz Thomas R. , Egle Reiner , Haab Matthias , Auer Joerg A. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn this clinical commentary, the various pathologies occurring in the tail region of horses and foals are briefly summarised, followed by a discussion of angular deviations of the tail and the possibilities of their correction.
American Headache Society white paper on treatment of post‐traumatic headache from concussion in youth
Authors: Patterson Gentile Carlyn , Rosenthal Scott , Blume Heidi , Rastogi Reena Gogia , McVige Jennifer , Bicknese Alma , Ladak Ali , Zaveri Harshul , Greene Kaitlin , Barlow Karen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide healthcare professionals guidance on youth at risk for prolonged recovery and post‐traumatic headache (PTH), and on pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic management of PTH due to concussion and mild traumatic brain injury.BackgroundHeadache is the most common persistent post‐concussive symptom affecting 8% of youth for >3 months after concussion. Over the past decade, many studies have explored the treatment of PTH in youth, but there are no established guidelines.MethodsThis white paper is based on a synthesis of an updated systematic review of the literature on treatment of PTH and a narrative review of the literature on risk factors for prolonged recovery and health disparities. Results were interpreted by a group of expert providers in PTH in children and adolescents through collaboration of the PTH and pediatric special interest groups of the American Headache Society.ResultsFactors that consistently were associated with prolonged recovery from concussion and persistent PTH included female sex, a high number of acute symptoms, and adolescent age. Social determinants of health also likely play an important role in PTH and deserve consideration in the clinical and research settings. A total of 33 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review of PTH treatment in youth, although most were retrospective and of fair‐to‐poor quality. Treatment strategies included acute and preventive pharmacologic management, procedures, neuro‐modulatory devices, physical therapy, physical activity, and behavioral health support. A collaborative care approach that includes a thoughtful combination of these management strategies is likely most effective.ConclusionsThis white paper provides a roadmap for tailoring the treatment of PTH based on factors influencing prolonged headache, the timing of therapies, and therapies with the most evidence for treating PTH in youth. We also highlight research needed for developing more definitive guidelines on PTH management in youth.
Estimating the mass of the Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) and its egg
Authors: Montgomerie Robert D. , Birkhead Tim R. 
Published: July 2024

The body mass and egg mass of the Great Auk Pinguinus impennis were never measured before the bird was driven to extinction in 1844. Previous studies conducted before 1990 used data from related species to estimate the mass of an adult bird at 4500–5000 g, and the fresh mass of its egg as 327–372 g. In the present study, we use a larger dataset of measurements from extant alcids, and statistical methods that control for the effects of phylogeny, to provide new estimates for those traits. The presumed body mass of the Great Auk was initially derived from a hearsay report from the 19th century, and then supported by subsequent comparative analyses based on skeletal measurements. Our new best estimates from currently available data show that the Great Auk's body mass was probably closer to 3560 g and its fresh egg mass was about 350 g. This new body mass estimate is the average of predictions from independent regressions of body mass on (1) tibiotarsus and femur lengths (3441 g) and (2) egg volume (3681 g). We calculated the Great Auk's fresh egg mass from a regression of fresh egg mass on egg volume in the extant alcids. Providing more accurate estimates of the body and egg mass of Great Auk can inform speculation about the developmental mode, ecology and life history of this iconic, extinct species.
Common practices of dental implant maintenance among dental hygienists working in the Netherlands – A survey
Authors: Loeffen Anouk W. M. , Van Swaaij Bregje W. M. , Saminsky Michael , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental implant maintenance is crucial to obtain and maintain a healthy peri‐implant situation. Although it is part of a dental hygienists (DH) scope of practice, the knowledge and common practices among DHs in the Netherlands are unclear.Materials and MethodsA web‐based survey was distributed by the Dutch Association of DHs, by spreading survey QR codes and snowballing. The role of the different DH curricula 2‐ or 3‐year diploma and a 4‐year bachelor's degree is evaluated.ResultsIn total, 165 (diploma: 73, bachelor: 92) DHs responded. Peri‐implant diseases were well known (98%), indices and clinical symptoms were used to assess peri‐implant tissues. A periodontal probe (97%) was used and bone loss was evaluated on radiographs (89%). Treatment was performed supra‐ and subgingivally (69%), mostly by titanium (45%) or plastic hand instruments (42%). Ultrasonic (52%) and air‐abrasive (52%) devices were often used. The recall interval for maintenance was based on a risk‐adjusted protocol (70%). DHs with a bachelor's received significantly more training compared to DHs with a diploma during primary education (p < 0.001). Diploma DHs mainly obtained their knowledge from continuing education (p = 0.04). In general, there was no significant difference in knowledge or common practices.ConclusionsThe primary education of DHs with a 2‐ or 3‐year diploma and a 4‐year bachelor's varies. Due to the continuing education of diploma DHs, knowledge and common practices generally do not differ. Most DHs in the Netherlands perform implant maintenance. A periodontal probe and radiographs are used for examination. Instrumentation is performed supra‐ and subgingivally, usually with titanium or plastic hand instruments. The recall interval is based on a patient's risk assessment.
Study on the stability of four flavonoid glycoside components in Myrica Rubra pomace and their mechanism of in vitro hypoglycaemic activity
Authors: Tian Siyi , Chang Guoli , Xiang Yannan , Cai Chenggang , Luo Xinyu , Zhu Ruiyu , Yang Hailong , Gao Haiyan 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn order to investigate the hypoglycaemic mechanism and potential applications of four hypoglycaemic flavonoid glycosides, namely myricitrin, Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), hyperoside and quercitrin in Myrica rubra pomace, the stability of these four flavonoid glycosides and their binding mechanisms were studied using molecular docking. The results demonstrated that pH value affects on the stability of these four components in M. rubra pomace. C3G exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase at pH 5, with myricitrin, hyperoside and quercitrin showing the highest inhibitory effect at pH 7. Moreover, an increase in temperature and storage time reduced the inhibitory effect of these four glycosidic components on α‐glucosidase. Molecular docking analysis revealed that myricitrin formed hydrogen bonds with the active site residues of α‐glucosidase, namely Phe550, Ile552, Asp555, Ser574 and Arg576, and also engaged in hydrophobic interactions with Lys551. Hyperoside formed hydrogen bonds with α‐glucosidase, formed hydrophobic interactions with Lys50 and exhibited π‐cation interaction with Lys53. Quercitrin formed hydrogen bonds with α‐glucosidase, formed hydrophobic interactions with Lys500 and established salt bridges with Lys50. C3G formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with α‐glucosidase and showed π‐π interactions with Phe301. These findings will provide valuable insights for the application of these four chemicals.
The Spirit as Plural Person
Authors: Bustion Olivia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccording to plural person theory, a group of close friends can act together not just distributively, as separate individuals all at once, but also corporately, as a nonmetaphorical plural person supervening on the friends. This article proposes that the Spirit is a plural person in precisely this sense. Modeling the Spirit as a plural person not only secures the Spirit's personhood and full divinity; it also provides a new conceptual scheme for interpreting the relationship between divine grace and human agency along non‐competitive lines. What is more, it makes sense of existing Christian practices, including Ignatian contemplation, evangelical quiet time, and Quaker waiting worship.
The Colophon of Eternal Beatitude: Petrus van Mastricht, the Visio Dei, and the Resurrection of the Body
Authors: Hill Daniel Lee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent work in eschatology has sought to retrieve the doctrine of the beatific vision, one that has served as one of the predominant views of the eschatological life throughout church history. Yet the doctrine has been criticized for its reported marginalization of the human body. This essay seeks to provide a modest contribution and response to this objection through the retrieval of 17th‐century theologian Petrus van Mastricht. I argue that humanity's telos can be conceived of as complex involving a particular mode of life with God that the visio Dei makes possible, one which requires the resurrection and glorification of the body.
Fruitbody and root data infer different environmental niches for ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Qi Muyao , Suz Laura M. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Orme C. David L. , Delhaye Guillaume , Openshaw Isabel , Tovar Carolina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimWe used two fungal data sources for occurrence records (fruitbodies and roots) to (1) test the influence of data source on estimating the environmental niche of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and (2) compare the differences in estimated niche area and density for ECM fungal species with conspicuous (easily observed, i.e. mushrooms) versus inconspicuous (difficult to observe and/or usually overlooked, i.e. crusts and truffles) fruitbodies.LocationEurope.TaxonSixty‐six ectomycorrhizal fungi.MethodsWe used fungal records obtained from fruitbody and root data of 66 common ECM fungal species in European forests to estimate their environmental niches. The fruitbody data were extracted from public databases (GBIF, UNITE), while the root data (from individual ectomycorrhizas) were obtained from a dataset of 136 ICP Forests long‐term intensive monitoring plots. We estimated the niches for combined data sources (fruitbody and root data) and for each individual data source using six key environmental variables for ECM fungal community composition. We then examined how estimated niche overlap and area (number of cells in niche grid) varied for the two data sources between conspicuous and inconspicuous species.ResultsWe found that although the niches estimated using combined data from the two data sources had high overlap with the niches estimated from fruitbody data, the niches estimated from fruitbody data had low or medium overlap with the niches estimated using root data for most ECM fungi. The overlap between the two data sources for conspicuous species was significantly larger than that for inconspicuous species. Root data were important for estimating the niche of inconspicuous species, which had a high ratio of root data to fruitbody data.Main ConclusionOur results indicate that although fruitbody data suffice for estimating the environmental niche for most conspicuous ECM fungi, combined datasets including fruitbody and root data can improve the accuracy of estimated niches and should be used. Root data for inconspicuous species are particularly useful, and thus, adopting root data in niche estimation will better infer the niches of ECM fungi. Inferring niches along environmental variables can guide future sampling and conservation of fungi.
The liquid–liquid phase separation signature predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Wang Guoliang , Zhao Peng , Sun Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and fatal malignancy characterized by poor patient prognosis and treatment outcome. The process of liquid–liquid phase separation in tumour cells alters the dysfunction of biomolecular condensation in tumour cells, which affects tumour progression and treatment. We downloaded the data of HCC samples from TCGA database and GEO database, and used a machine learning method to build a new liquid–liquid phase separation index (LLPSI) by liquid–liquid phase separation related genes. The LLPSI‐related column line Figure was constructed to provide a quantitative tool for clinical practice. HCC patients were divided into high and low LLPSI groups based on LLPSI, and clinical features, tumour immune microenvironment, chemotherapeutic response, and immunotherapeutic response were systematically analysed. LLPSI, which consists of five liquid–liquid phase separation‐associated genes (MAPT, WDR62, PLK1, CDCA8 and TOP2A), is a reliable predictor of survival in patients with HCC and has been validated in multiple external datasets. We found that the high LLPSI group showed higher levels of immune cell infiltration and better response to immunotherapy compared to the low LLPSI group, and LLPSI can also be used for prognostic prediction in various cancers other than HCC. In vitro experiments verified that knockdown of MAPT could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HCC. The LLPSI identified in this study can accurately assess the prognosis of patients with HCC and identify patient populations that will benefit from immunotherapy, providing valuable insights into the clinical management of HCC.
Exploring membranous NECTIN‐4 expression patterns and enfortumab vedotin response in prostate cancer
Authors: Weiten Richard , Bernhardt Marit , Niemann Max , Kristiansen Glen , Grünwald Viktor , Ritter Manuel , Hölzel Michael , Eckstein Markus , Alajati Abdullah , Klümper Niklas , Krausewitz Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel type of targeted cancer therapy combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy. Recently, ADCs have demonstrated practice‐changing efficacy across diverse solid cancers. The anti‐NECTIN‐4 ADC enfortumab vedotin (EV) has just been approved for patients with urothelial cancer and is currently under investigation for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC e.g. Phase II ENCORE trial). Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of EV in established prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and to examine the membranous NECTIN‐4 expression in primary tumours (PRIM) and distant metastases (MET). NECTIN‐4 was heterogeneously expressed in the panel of PCa cell lines. EV led to growth inhibition in NECTIN‐4 expressing PCa cells (22Rv1 and LNCaP), whereas the NECTIN‐4‐negative PC‐3 cells were significantly less responsive to EV, emphasizing the dependence of EV response on its target expression. Immunohistochemical staining revealed moderate membranous NECTIN‐4 expression only in a small subgroup of CRPC patients with lung and peritoneal MET [n = 3/22 with H‐score ≥100, median H‐score 140 (IQR 130–150)], while 100% of PRIM (n = 48/48) and 86.4% of common MET sites (n = 19/22), including lymph node, bone and liver MET, were NECTIN‐4 negative. In summary, EV may be effective in NECTIN‐4‐positive PCa. However, our findings demonstrate that the tumoural NECTIN‐4 expression is predominantly low in metastatic PCa, which suggests that EV may only be effective in a biomarker‐stratified subgroup.
Perspectives of paediatric providers on antibiotic stewardship in a high‐prescribing rural region
Authors: Wattles Bethany A. , Brothers Kyle B. , Rich Carla A. , Ryan Lesa , Smith Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding drivers of antibiotic use is key to limiting the development of antimicrobial resistance. Outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates vary substantially across and within states. Kentucky is one of the highest prescribing states, and the southeastern region has rates that are drastically higher than the national average and urban areas of the state. We sought to examine provider perceptions of antibiotic use in this rural area to more effectively guide future interventions and policy.MethodsThis study utilized Medicaid prescription claims to identify providers who frequently prescribe antibiotics to children in southeastern Kentucky. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted to elicit provider perspectives on antibiotic overuse.FindingsIndividual, in‐person interviews were conducted with 25 providers from a variety of practices and training backgrounds (private, nonprofit, retail, physician, advanced practice registered nurses, etc.). The following themes emerged as issues that prescribers consider to contribute to antibiotic overuse: (1) caregiver pressure, especially from grandparents or families who desire a ‘quick fix’; (2) business concerns and competition and (3) cultural factors related to poverty and rural locations. Interviewed providers were supportive of public education and had mixed views on the effectiveness of delayed fill or provider feedback initiatives.ConclusionsThis study highlights unique challenges associated with antibiotic prescribing in rural areas. Findings will guide future interventions through adaptation of existing strategies to better serve this vulnerable population.