bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attract‐and‐kill systems efficiency against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and effects on non‐target insects in peach orchards
Authors: Hafsi A. , Abbes K. , Harbi A. , Duyck P.‐F. , Chermiti B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), the attract‐and‐kill or attracticide technique is an alternative to the spraying of traditional organophosphate pesticides. In this study, the effectiveness of Ceranock and AAL&K attract‐and‐kill bait stations was assessed for control of C. capitata in Tunisian peach (Prunus persica) orchards. Our results showed that, in orchards with early‐ripening varieties, the numbers of C. capitata males and fruit damage were significantly lower in plots treated with Ceranock and AAL&K bait stations than in plots treated with conventional organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. In addition, the abundances of non‐target insects in the Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae and Miridae were significantly greater in plots treated with the bait stations than in plots treated with the conventional pesticides; that is, the use of attract‐and‐kill bait stations had fewer negative effects than the application of conventional pesticides on the biological diversity in Tunisian peach orchards. Overall, the results indicate that Ceranock and AAL&K attract‐and‐kill bait stations are useful alternatives for the control of C. capitata in Tunisian peach orchards planted with early‐ripening varieties.
Control of mango seed weevils (Sternochetus mangiferae) using the African Weaver Ant (Oecophylla longinoda Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Abdulla N. R. , Rwegasira G. M. , Jensen K‐M. V. , Mwatawala M. W. , Offenberg J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mango seed weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius), is among the major threats to mango production in Tanzania. Sternochetus mangiferae is primarily a quarantine pest whose presence inside the fruits restricts access to new foreign markets and leads to rejections of fruits destined for export. Management options for the pest have largely been dependent on field sanitation and application of synthetic insecticides with some success. Thus, more sustainable methods are needed to substitute insecticides, as this may also open up opportunities for organic markets. We conducted field experiments for two fruiting seasons in a mango plantation at Mlandizi, Kibaha district, along the coastal belt of Tanzania to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the predaceous ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille with foliar insecticidal sprays of Dudumida (70 WDG Imidacloprid) in controlling S. mangiferae. Mango seed weevil infestation was assessed fortnightly based on infestation marks on developing fruits starting eight weeks after fruit set to early ripening phase. Between 50 and 64 fruits were sampled, well labelled in jute bags, secured and transported to the laboratory at Kibaha Biological Control Unit (KBCU) for incubation at room temperature using rearing transparent containers. Two weeks later, the fruits were dissected and inspected for the presence of S. mangiferae developmental stages. Field and laboratory results indicated that fruits from trees that were occupied by O. longinoda and from those treated with insecticide showed significantly (P < 0.0001) lower incidences and infestation rates by S. mangiferae than from untreated trees. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the insecticide and the weaver ant treatments. We conclude that in our experiments, O. longinoda is an efficient biological control agent for a long‐term control programme and is comparable to insecticide (Dudumida) in suppressing S. mangiferae and may be used in Tanzanian mango plantations.
Is the response of aphids to alarm pheromone stable?
Authors: Thieme T. , Dixon A. F. G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAphid taxa are characterized by a number of biological features, such as their feeding behaviour and host selection, which it is generally accepted are affected by keeping them for several generations under standard conditions in a laboratory. Analyses of three strains of the green pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), reared in culture for long periods, indicate that other characters are also affected. For example, the response of these aphids to alarm pheromone is dramatically reduced. This raises an interesting question regarding the mechanism by which it occurs and has consequences when aphids from laboratory cultures are used for studies in ecology and applied biology and especially the long‐term effectiveness of crop plants genetically engineered to produce EBF as a means of controlling aphids.
Extraction of Oligosaccharides from Passion Fruit Peel by Subcritical Water Treatment
Authors: Klinchongkon Khwanjai , Khuwijitjaru Pramote , Wiboonsirikul Jintana , Adachi Shuji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPassion fruit peel, a major by‐product of the fruit processing, was treated in subcritical water under nonisothermal conditions in batch‐type reactor containing the dried peel and water in the ratio 1:16 (w/w), with maximum temperatures in the range of 100–245C. The effects of the treatment temperature and time on the composition of the obtained hydrolysates were combined and expressed as the severity factor (ln Ro). Both mono‐ and oligosaccharides with high degree of polymerizations (DP > 7) were extracted from the peel under every treatment tested. The treatment at ln Ro of 3.4 and 5.1, corresponding to the heating to 150C within 4.5 min and to 175C within 5.5 min, respectively, yielded the highest amount of oligosaccharides (ca. 21%) with galacturonan as a main component (ca. 65%), indicating that pectin was predominantly hydrolyzed and extracted under these conditions. The study showed that subcritical water treatment is an effective method for producing the oligosaccharides which may be useful as dietary fiber.Practical ApplicationsPectic oligosaccharide is a soluble dietary fiber that can be obtained by hydrolysis of pectin. This oligosaccharide can be classified as a prebiotic that possesses several health‐promoting functions. Utilizing the by‐product from passion fruit to produce pectic oligosaccharides is an alternative use for increasing the value of this bioresource.
An automatic method for atom identification in scanning tunnelling microscopy images of Fe‐chalcogenide superconductors
Authors: PERASSO A. , TORACI C. , MASSONE A.M. , PIANA M. , GERBI A. , BUZIO R. , KAWALE S. , BELLINGERI E. , FERDEGHINI C. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe describe a computational approach for the automatic recognition and classification of atomic species in scanning tunnelling microscopy images. The approach is based on a pipeline of image processing methods in which the classification step is performed by means of a Fuzzy Clustering algorithm. As a representative example, we use the computational tool to characterize the nanoscale phase separation in thin films of the Fe‐chalcogenide superconductor FeSexTe1‐x, starting from synthetic data sets and experimental topographies. We quantify the stoichiometry fluctuations on length scales from tens to a few nanometres.
Toward an Understanding of the Role of the Environment in the Development of Early Callous Behavior
Authors: Waller Rebecca , Shaw Daniel S. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Ganiban Jody M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Reiss David , Trentacosta Christopher J. , Leve Leslie D. , Hyde Luke W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKey to understanding the long‐term impact of social inequalities is identifying early behaviors that may signal higher risk for later poor psychosocial outcomes, such as psychopathology. A set of early‐emerging characteristics that may signal risk for later externalizing psychopathology is callous‐unemotional (CU) behavior. CU behavior predicts severe and chronic trajectories of externalizing behaviors in youth. However, much research on CU behavior has focused on late childhood and adolescence, with little attention paid to early childhood when preventative interventions may be most effective. In this article, we summarize our recent work showing that (a) CU behavior can be identified in early childhood using items from common behavior checklists, (b) CU behavior predicts worse outcomes across early childhood, (c) CU behavior exhibits a nomological network distinct from other early externalizing behaviors, and (d) malleable environmental factors, particularly parenting, may play a role in the development of early CU behaviors. We discuss the challenges of studying contextual contributors to the development of CU behavior in terms of gene–environment correlations and present initial results from work examining CU behavior in an adoption study in which gene–environment correlations are examined in early childhood. We find that parenting is a predictor of early CU behavior even in a sample in which parents are not genetically related to the children.
Randomised controlled trial of a mobile phone infant resuscitation guide
Authors: Hawkes Gavin A , Murphy Geraldine , Dempsey Eugene M , Ryan Anthony C 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to develop a mobile phone resuscitation guide (MPRG) and to evaluate its use during simulated resuscitation of a mannequin.MethodsAn MPRG was developed using EpiSurveyor. A randomised controlled trial was performed in school‐going children aged 15–16 years. All subjects were taught infant CPR skills using the American Heart Association Infant CPR Anytime. Two weeks later, the students were randomised to use of MPRG or not, and their CPR skills were re‐assessed. The assessment was conducted using previously validated checklists.ResultsTwenty‐one students participated in this trial. The MPRG group performed notably better in the areas of calling emergency services (80% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.044), completing sufficient CPR cycles (90% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.047) and following the correct CPR sequence (60% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.013). No difference in resuscitation skills of participants was observed.ConclusionsWe have shown that participants were more likely to call emergency services if they were using the MPRG. Further trials are needed to investigate the utility of mobile phone guides and whether or not they can reduce the time taken to contact emergency services as well as if they can sustain correct CPR sequence in an in‐vivo setting.
Sensitivity and specificity of General Movements Assessment for diagnostic accuracy of detecting cerebral palsy early in an Australian context
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Crowle Cathryn , Goyen Traci‐Anne , Hardman Caroline , Jackman Michelle , Novak Iona , Badawi Nadia 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the General Movements Assessment (GMA) for estimating diagnostic accuracy in detecting cerebral palsy (CP) in an Australian context by a newly established NSW rater network.MethodsA prospective longitudinal cross‐sectional study was conducted. The GMA was blind‐rated from conventional video by two independent certified raters, blinded to medical history. A third rater resolved disagreements. High‐risk population screening for CP using the GMA during the fidgety period (12–20 weeks) was carried out in four neonatal intensive care units and one CP service over a 30‐month period (2012–2013). Participants were 259 high‐risk infants. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated with true positives defined as a confirmed diagnosis of CP from a medical doctor.ResultsOf the 259 infants assessed, 1‐year follow‐up data were available for 187. Of these, n = 48 had absent fidgety (high risk for CP), n = 138 had normal fidgety (low risk for CP), and n = 1 had abnormal fidgety (high risk for a neurological disorder). Of the 48 with absent fidgety movements, 39 had received a diagnosis of CP by 18 months and another 6 had an abnormal outcome. Of the n = 138 normal fidgety cases, n = 99 cases had a normal outcome, n = 38 had an abnormal outcome but not CP, and n = 1 had CP. For detecting CP, we had a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 94%.ConclusionGMA was feasible in an Australian context and accurately identified CP with a sensitivity and specificity comparable with European standards and published neuroimaging data.
The Intensity of a Bean Fusarium Root Rot Epidemic is Dependent on Planting Strategies
Authors: Naseri Bita , Shobeiri Seyedeh Soudabeh , Tabande Leila 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRestricting Fusarium root rot (FRR) epidemics and improving productivity using fewer chemicals is a major concern in bean‐growing regions. The main purpose of this research was to identify the planting strategies associated with FRR development and seed production in bean crops. A 2‐year study of 122 commercial bean farms in four major producing regions in Zanjan, Iran, was performed to characterize the associations of farming indicators with FRR and productivity. Linear mixed‐effect models, contingency tables and correspondence analyses were used to describe the variables relationships. Low disease and high productivity were linked to herbicide and manure applications, fungicidal treatment of seeds, manual sowing and sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation, mechanical sowing, planting on raised seedbeds, the lack of fertilizer and herbicide use accounted for high disease and low seed production. The results of the study provide further evidence of factors contributions to the wider FRR spread over bean‐cropping systems. Overall, this suggests that the selected composition of planting strategies can improve bean production and reduce FRR intensity.
Optimization of Nutrient and Fermentation Parameters for Antifungal Activity byStreptomyces lavendulaeXjy and Its Biocontrol Efficacies againstFulvia fulvaandBotryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Gao Xiaoning , He Qirui , Jiang Yun , Huang Lili 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study has been proved that statistical experimental designs offer efficient and feasible approaches for determination of culture medium and fermentation conditions ofStreptomyces lavendulaeXjy. Nutrition and cultural conditions have high influence on the antibiotic production ofS. lavendulaeXjy. Soya bean meal, NaCl and (NH4)2SO4were identified as the best ingredients for high antifungal activity of Xjy based on single variable experiments. Using response surface methodology, the best concentrations of medium ingredients were 1.46% soya bean meal, 2.25% NaCl and 1.26% (NH4)2SO4. The potential components were reduced from seven to three, and the antibiotic activity was increased by 10%. The optimized conditions for Xjy in a 250‐ml Erlenmeyer flask were initialpH5, medium volume 25 ml/250 ml and inoculation volume 10% at 30°C with 200 rpm by response surface methodology. Validation experiments carried out to check the accuracy of the models indicated that the predicted values agreed with the experimental values. The extension of necrosis lesion ofBotryosphaeria dothideawas impeded by the application of Xjy in apple fruit. In tomato plants, Xjy showed the 43.7–51.7% curative and protective effects againstFulvia fulva. The optimal medium not only gave a 20% increase in antifungal activity, but it provided a simpler formulation. The results will set a basis for further study on large‐scale fermentation volumes usingS. lavendulaeXjy and be useful for the development of more advanced control strategies on plant diseases.
Correlates of Heterosexual Anal Intercourse among Women in the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth
Authors: Benson Lyndsey S. , Martins Summer L. , Whitaker Amy K. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI) is common among U.S. women. Receptive anal intercourse is a known risk factor for HIV, yet there is a paucity of data on HAI frequency and distribution in the United States. Condom use is lower with HAI vs. vaginal intercourse, but little is known regarding of correlates of HAI with and without condoms.

Aims
The aims of this study were to describe recent (past 12 months) and lifetime HAI among sexually active reproductive-aged U.S. women, and to characterize women who engage in HAI with and without condoms.

Methods
We analyzed a sample of 10,463 heterosexually active women aged 15–44 years for whom anal intercourse data were available in the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth.

Main Outcome Measures
Weighted bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine HAI prevalence and correlates. Primary outcomes were lifetime HAI, recent (last 12 months) HAI, and condom use at last HAI.

Results
In our sample, 13.2% of women had engaged in recent HAI and 36.3% in lifetime HAI. Women of all racial and ethnic backgrounds and religions reported recent anal intercourse. Condom use was more common at last vaginal intercourse than at last anal intercourse (28% vs. 16.4%, P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, correlates of recent HAI included: less frequent church attendance, younger age at first intercourse, multiple sexual partners, history of oral intercourse, history of unintended pregnancy, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (all P &lt; 0.05). Correlates of lifetime HAI were similar, with the addition of older age, higher education, higher income, and history of drug use (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Women of all ages and ethnicities engage in HAI, at rates higher than providers might realize. Condom use is significantly lower for HAI vs. vaginal intercourse, putting these women at risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections.
The Effect of Lexical Predictability on Eye Movements in Reading: Critical Review and Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Staub Adrian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA word's predictability in its context has a reliable influence on eye movements in reading. This article reviews the extensive literature that has investigated this influence, focusing on several specific empirical issues. These include assessment of cloze probability as the critical measure of predictability, the form of the relationship between predictability and reading time, the distributional effects of predictability, the interaction between predictability and word frequency, and the interaction between predictability and parafoveal preview. On the basis of this review, two theoretical conclusions are proposed. First, predictability effects in reading result from graded activation of potentially many words, as opposed to discrete prediction of a specific word. Second, this activation has the effect of facilitating either very early stages of lexical processing or pre‐lexical processing of visual features or letters.
A compound Ca‐, Al‐rich inclusion from CV3 chondrite Northwest Africa 3118: Implications for understanding processes during CAI formation
Authors: Ivanova Marina A. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Krot Alexander N. , MacPherson Glenn J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion 3N from the Northwest Africa (NWA) 3118 CV3 carbonaceous chondrite is a unique cm‐sized compound object, primarily a forsterite‐bearing type B (FoB) CAI, that encloses at least 26 smaller CAIs of different types, including compact type A (CTA), B, C, and an ultra‐refractory inclusion. Relative to typical type A and B CAIs found elsewhere, the bulk compositions of the types A and B CAIs within 3N more closely match the bulk compositions predicted by equilibrium condensation of a gas of solar composition. Being trapped within the FoB melt may have protected them from melt evaporation that affected most “stand‐alone” CAIs. 3N originated either as an aggregate of many smaller (mostly types A, B, C) CAIs plus accreted Fo‐bearing material (like an amoeboid olivine aggregate) which experienced partial melting of the whole, or else as a FoB melt droplet that collided with and trapped many smaller solid CAIs. In the former case, 3N recorded the earliest accretion of pebble‐sized bodies known. In the latter case, the presence of a large number of individual refractory inclusions within 3N suggests a very high local density of refractory solids in the immediate region of the host CAI during the brief time while it was melted. Collisions would have occurred on time scales of hours at most, assuming a melt solidification interval for the host CAI of 300–400 °C (maximum) and a cooling rate of ~10 °C/h.
Morphometrics, body condition, and growth of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) in Lake Saimaa: Implications for conservation
Authors: Auttila Miina , Kurkilahti Mika , Niemi Marja , Levänen Riikka , Sipilä Tero , Isomursu Marja , Koskela Jouni , Kunnasranta Mervi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMorphometrics and growth of the critically endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis), which inhabits a freshwater lake in Finland were studied using data from 344 carcasses. This study presents the first detailed information on ringed seal pup growth and body condition from birth to the age of one year. Newborn pups were on average 68 cm long and weighed 5 kg. Pups attained the majority of their first year growth during the nursing period. Body condition and growth declined after weaning, but pups recovered from postweaning nutritional deprivation at the age of 8 mo. The seals achieved their maximum body length, girth, and mandible size around the age of 4 yr, and asymptotic body mass two years later. Baculum growth indicated that males reached sexual maturity at age 5–6 yr. The Saimaa ringed seals' asymptotic body length and mass were 132 cm and 59 kg, respectively, which is similar to medium sized marine ringed seals. Saimaa ringed seals' survival to adulthood is extremely low due to high bycatch mortality; furthermore climate change may hamper pup growth and elevate mortality. Therefore we recommend continuation of fishing closures to improve pup survival.
Home range size of adult Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in a coastal and estuarine system is habitat and sex‐specific
Authors: Sprogis Kate R. , Raudino Holly C. , Rankin Robert , MacLeod Colin D. , Bejder Lars 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study examined sex‐specific differences in home range size of adult Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins off Bunbury, Western Australia. We applied a new kernel density estimation approach that accounted for physical barriers to movements. A Bayesian mixture model was developed to estimate a sex effect in home range size with latent group partitioning constrained by association data. A post hoc analysis investigated group partitioning relating to the proportion of time spent in open vs. sheltered waters. From 2007 to 2013, photographic‐identification data were collected along boat‐based systematic transect lines (n = 586). Analyses focused on adult dolphins of known sex (sighted ≥ 30 times; n = 22 males and 34 females). The 95% utilization distributions of males varied between 27 and 187 km2 (; 94.8 ± 48.15) and for females between 20 and 133 km2 (65.6 ± 30.9). The mixture model indicated a 99% probability that males had larger home ranges than females. Dolphins mostly sighted in open waters had larger home ranges than those in sheltered waters. Home ranges of dolphins sighted in sheltered waters overlapped with areas of highest human activity. We suggest that sex differences in home ranges are driven by male mating strategies, and home range size differences between habitats may be influenced by prey availability and predation risk.