bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐trimester hand measurements in euploid and aneuploid human fetuses using virtual reality
Authors: Baken Leonie , Benoit Bernard , Koning Anton H. J. , Willemsen Sten P. , van der Spek Peter J. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Exalto Niek 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough second‐trimester and third‐trimester reference curves for human fetal hand growth allow for identification of several genetic syndromes, little is known about first‐trimester hand growth. We investigated first‐trimester hand growth in euploid and aneuploid fetuses.MethodBetween 9 and 12 weeks' gestational age (GA), wrist width, hand width, hand length, and hand index were measured in three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound datasets of 112 euploid and 65 aneuploid pregnancies. We constructed reference curves for these measurements in euploid pregnancies and calculated z‐scores for measurements in aneuploid pregnancies. Reproducibility was established in a subset of 20 datasets.ResultsWhile wrist width, hand width, and hand length increased with gestational age, hand index decreased. Intraobserver and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient values were >0.97.In trisomy 21 cases, wider wrists and hands were observed compared with euploid pregnancies (mean z‐scores 1.06, SD 2.04, p < 0.001 and 1.16, SD 1.30, p < 0.001, respectively). Trisomy 18 cases showed narrower and shorter hands (mean z‐scores −0.74, SD 1.20, p = 0.009 and −0.97, SD 0.86, p = 0.005, respectively). In trisomy 13 cases, no differences were observed.ConclusionReference values are available for first‐trimester studies on human hand development. First‐trimester hand measurements in trisomies 21 and 18 differ significantly from those in euploid pregnancies and may be useful for early identification of abnormal development. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a score to identify hospitalized patients at risk of drug‐related problems
Authors: Urbina Olatz , Ferrández Olivia , Grau Santiago , Luque Sonia , Mojal Sergi , Marin‐Casino Monica , Mateu‐de‐Antonio Javier , Carmona Alexia , Conde‐Estévez David , Espona Merce , González Elena , Riu Marta , Salas Esther 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeThe potential impact of drug‐related problems (DRP) on morbidity and mortality is a serious concern in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to design a risk score to identify patients most at risk of a DRP.MethodsData from patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital between January and August 2009 were used to design the risk score (training set). DRP were detected through a pharmacy warning system integrated in the computerized medical history. The variables associated with developing a DRP were identified through a binary multivariate logistic regression analysis and were used to compute the DRP risk score, which was subsequently validated in patients admitted between September and December 2009 (validation set).ResultsOf the 8713 patients included in the training set, at least one DRP was detected in 2425 (27.8%). Prescription of a higher number of drugs, higher comorbidity, advanced age, certain groups of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system, and some major diagnostic categories were associated with risk of DRP. These variables were used to compute the DRP risk score. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.778 (95%CI [0.768, 0.789]). Of the 4058 admissions included in the validation set, at least one DRP was detected in 876 (21.6%). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.776 (95%CI [0.759, 0.792]).ConclusionsKnowledge of the variables associated with DRP could aid their early detection in at‐risk patients. The use of an application that can be continually updated in daily clinical practice helps to optimize resources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse effects of benfluorex on heart valves and pulmonary circulation
Authors: Szymanski Catherine , Andréjak Michel , Peltier Marcel , Maréchaux Sylvestre , Tribouilloy Christophe 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBenfluorex is responsible for the development of restrictive valvular regurgitation due to one of its metabolites, norfenfluramine. The 5‐HT2B receptor, expressed on heart valves, acts as culprit receptor for drug‐induced valvular heart disease (VHD). Stimulation of this receptor leads to the upregulation of target genes involved in the proliferation and stimulation of valvular interstitial cells through different intracellular pathways. Valve lesions essentially involve the mitral and/or aortic valves. The randomised prospective REGULATE trial shows a threefold increase in the incidence of valvular regurgitation in patients exposed to benfluorex. A cross‐sectional trial shows that about 7% of patients without a history of VHD previously exposed to benfluorex present echocardiographic features of drug‐induced VHD. The excess risks of hospitalisation for cardiac valvular insufficiency and of valvular replacement surgery were respectively estimated to 0.5 per 1000 and 0.2 per 1000 exposed patients per year. Recent data strongly suggest an aetiological link between benfluorex exposure and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The PAH development may be explained by serotonin, which creates a pulmonary vasoconstriction through potassium‐channel blockade. Further studies should be conducted to determine the subsequent course of benfluorex‐induced VHD and PAH, and to identify genetic, biological and clinical factors that determine individual susceptibility to developing such adverse effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roll‐to‐roll gravure printing of organic photovoltaic modules—insulation of processing defects by an interfacial layer
Authors: Apilo Pälvi , Hiltunen Jussi , Välimäki Marja , Heinilehto Santtu , Sliz Rafal , Hast Jukka 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGravure printing as direct patterning roll‐to‐roll (R2R) production technology can revolutionize the design of thin‐film organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices by allowing feasible manufacturing of arbitrary‐shaped modules. This makes a distinction to coating methods, such as slot die coating, in which the pattern is limited to continuous stripes. Here, we analyze the thin‐film formation and its influence on OPV module performance as the gravure printing of hole transport and photoactive layers are transferred from laboratory to R2R pilot production environment. Insertion of a 0.8‐nm layer of lithium fluoride (LiF) as an interfacial layer between the active layer and the electron contact provided insulation against the detrimental pinholes formed in the R2R printing process. Using this device configuration, we produced well‐performing R2R‐printed monolithic modules with a mean efficiency of 1.7%. In comparison, reference modules with an efficiency of 2.2% were fabricated using laboratory‐scale bench top sheet‐level process. Surface energy and tension measurements together with optical microscopy were used to analyze the printability of the materials. The pinhole insulation was investigated in detail by processing R2R‐printed OPV modules with different interfacial layer materials and performing electrical measurements under dark and AM1.5 illumination conditions. Furthermore, we analyzed the LiF distribution using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The insulating nature of the LiF layer to improve module performance was confirmed by manufacturing lithographically artificial pinholes in device structures. The results show the possibility to loosen the production environment constraints and the feasibility of fabricating well‐performing thin‐film devices by R2R gravure printing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward the functional oligomerization state of tryptophan‐rich sensory proteins
Authors: Jaremko Łukasz , Jaremko Mariusz , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA conserved family of tryptophan‐rich sensory proteins (TspO) mediates the transport of heme degradation intermediates across membranes. In eukaryotes, the homologous mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) binds cholesterol and radioligands as monomer. On the basis of the mammalian TSPO structure, bioinformatic analysis, and a 10 Å resolution electron microscopy map of TspO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, we developed a model of the tertiary and quaternary structure of TspO that is in agreement with available mutagenesis data. Our study provides insight into the conformational basis for the restricted interaction of bacterial TspO with radioligands and the functional oligomerization state of bacterial TspO proteins.
Tidal effects on stratospheric temperature series derived from successive advanced microwave sounding units
Authors: Keckhut P. , Funatsu B. M. , Claud C. , Hauchecorne A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStratospheric temperature series derived from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board successive NOAA satellites reveal, during periods of overlap, some bias and drifts. Part of the reason for these discrepancies could be atmospheric tides as the orbits of these satellites drifted, inducing large changes in the actual times of measurement. NOAA 15 and 16, which exhibit a long period of overlap, allow deriving diurnal tides that can correct such temperature drifts. The characteristics of the derived diurnal tides during summer periods is in good agreement with those calculated with the Global Scale Wave Model, indicating that most of the observed drifts are likely due to the atmospheric tides. Cooling can be biased by a factor of 2, if times of measurement are not considered. When diurnal tides are considered, trends derived from temperature lidar series are in good agreement with AMSU series. Future adjustments of temperature time series based on successive AMSU instruments will require considering corrections associated with the local times of measurement.
The shallow‐water equations in non‐spherical geometry with latitudinal variation of gravity
Authors: Staniforth Andrew , White Andy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe shallow‐water equations in spherical geometry are well known. They are derived as a constant‐density, constant‐gravity specialization of the hydrostatic primitive equations for a thin layer of fluid, bounded below by topography and above by a free surface. It is shown herein that it is possible to derive an analogous set of shallow‐water equations in non‐spherical (but zonally symmetric) geometry using orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. This equation set is dynamically consistent, possessing conservation principles for mass, axial angular momentum, energy and potential vorticity. Furthermore, gravity is allowed to vary, as it does physically, as a function of latitude. This prepares the way for performing sensitivity tests, in an idealized framework, to assess the possible impact of latitudinal variation of gravity. Illustrative examples of models of gravity and specific non‐spherical coordinate systems are given.
Quality metrics for mutation testing with applications to WS‐BPEL compositions
Authors: Estero‐Botaro Antonia , Palomo‐Lozano Francisco , Medina‐Bulo Inmaculada , Domínguez‐Jiménez Juan José , García‐Domínguez Antonio 
Published: May 2014

SummaryMutation testing is a successful testing technique based on fault injection. However, it can be very costly, and several cost‐reduction techniques for reducing the number of mutants have been proposed in the literature. Cost reduction can be aided by an analysis of mutation operators, but this requires the definition of specialized metrics. Several metrics have been proposed before, although their effectiveness and relative merits are not easy to assess. A step ahead in the evaluation of mutation‐reduction techniques would be a better metric to determine objectively the quality of a set of mutants with respect to a given test suite. This work introduces such a metric, which is naturally extended to mutation operators and may be used to reduce the number of mutants, particularly of equivalent mutants. Finally, a firm mutation analysis tool for WS‐BPEL service compositions is presented, and experimental results obtained by comparing different metrics on several compositions are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biparietal/transverse abdominal diameter ratio ≤ 1: potential marker for open spina bifida at 11–13‐week scan
Authors: Simon E. G. , Arthuis C. J. , Haddad G. , Bertrand P. , Perrotin F. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn the first trimester of pregnancy, a biparietal diameter (BPD) below the 5th percentile is a simple marker that enables the prenatal detection of half of all cases of open spina bifida. We hypothesized that relating the BPD measurement to the transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) might be another simple and effective screening method. In this study we assessed the performance of using the BPD/TAD ratio during the first trimester of pregnancy in screening for open spina bifida.MethodsA total of 20 551 first‐trimester ultrasound scans (11–13 weeks' gestation), performed between 2000 and 2013, were analyzed retrospectively; there were 26 cases of open spina bifida and 17 665 unaffected pregnancies with a crown–rump length of 45–84 mm and a record of both BPD and TAD measurements.ResultsThe mean (± SD) BPD/TAD ratio was 1.00 ± 0.06 for fetuses with spina bifida and 1.13 ± 0.06 for those without (P < 0.0001). A BPD ≤ 5th percentile enabled the prenatal detection of 46.2% of spina bifida cases, while a BPD/TAD ratio of ≤ 1.00 detected 69.2%. If we considered cases in which either BPD was ≤ 5th percentile or BPD/TAD ratio was ≤ 1, we identified 76.9% of cases. In the latter case, the false‐positive rate was 5.1%, while that for using a combination of both BPD ≤ 5th percentile and BPD/TAD ratio ≤ 1 was 0.6%, with a sensitivity of 38.5%. The positive predictive value of using a combination of BPD ≤ 5th percentile and BPD/TAD ratio ≤ 1 for detecting spina bifida was 8.5%.ConclusionsBetween 11 and 13 weeks' gestation, relating BPD to TAD improves considerably the diagnostic performance of using BPD measurement alone in screening for open spina bifida. Screening using this marker is simple and applicable to a large population. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cervical length in late second and third trimesters: a mixture model for predicting delivery
Authors: Souka A. P. , Papastefanou I. , Papadopoulos G. , Chrelias C. , Kassanos D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the distribution of cervical length (CL) in the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy and construct survival models for spontaneous delivery.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 647 women with a singleton pregnancy who had routine CL measurements taken by transvaginal ultrasonography between 24 and 40 weeks' gestation. Only one measurement per patient was included in the analysis. Exploratory data analysis revealed that the distribution of CL measurements was a mixture of two Gaussian distributions, and subsequently a mixture model was applied to describe the distribution of CL. Changes in CL in relation to gestational age were examined by regression analysis and measurements were converted to Z‐scores. Survival analysis was applied to the subgroups identified, to describe the probability of delivery throughout gestation.ResultsCL was best described by a mixture model of two subgroups with Gaussian distribution, one including women with a long cervix (73.85% of the study population, mean CL of 28.2 ± 4.45 mm) and the other including women with a short cervix (26.15% of the study population, mean CL of 12.3 ± 5.14 mm). CL was dependent on gestational age (GA), therefore conversion to Z‐scores was employed in the analysis. Women with a short cervix had a higher probability for spontaneous delivery (hazard ratio (HR), 1.807; P < 0.001) than did women with a long cervix, after adjustment for GA at the time of measurement (GA HR, 1.115; P < 0.001). In both subgroups, the probability of spontaneous delivery was predicted by the GA and CL Z‐scores. Survival models for the prediction of spontaneous delivery were constructed separately for the short‐cervix subgroup (GA HR, 1.085; P < 0.001 and CL Z‐score HR, 0.819; P = 0.003) and the long‐cervix subgroup (GA HR, 1.130; P < 0.001 and CL Z‐score HR, 0.864; P = 0.005).ConclusionsCL follows a mixture of two Gaussian distributions, one for a short and one for a long cervix. Late second‐trimester/third‐trimester CL measurement may be of value in estimating the probability for spontaneous delivery at any given gestational age. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis of double aortic arch
Authors: Hunter L. , Callaghan N. , Patel K. , Rinaldi L. , Bellsham‐Revell H. , Sharland G. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA double aortic arch is a congenital anomaly associated with the formation of a vascular ring, which can cause varying degrees of airway compression. This can be subclinical or clinical, manifesting as acute stridor, severe respiratory compromise or symptoms of chronic airway compression. An accurate diagnosis of double aortic arch can be made prenatally by fetal echocardiography. In this report, we describe two infants with normal karyotypes in whom a prenatal diagnosis of double aortic arch was made at our fetal cardiology center, between July 2012 and August 2013. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by two‐dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The presence of a right aortic arch should prompt more careful evaluation to exclude a double aortic arch. Postnatal assessment should comprise echocardiography and cross‐sectional imaging in the form of cardiac MRI/computed tomography. Bronchoscopy may be considered to exclude subclinical airway compression and reduce potential long‐term respiratory sequelae. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Measuring echogenicity and area of the puborectalis muscle: method and reliability
Authors: Grob A. T. M. , Veen A. A. C. , Schweitzer K. J. , Withagen M. I. J. , van Veelen G. A. , van der Vaart C. H. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop a semi‐automated method to assess puborectalis muscle echogenicity on three‐dimensional/four‐dimensional (3D/4D) volume transperineal ultrasound images using 4D View and Matlab® software and evaluate its intra‐ and interobserver reliability.MethodThe data of 23 women in their first trimester were included. 3D/4D volume datasets were obtained at rest. Two inexperienced observers were trained by an experienced observer to construct tomographic ultrasound images (TUI) from the original data and to delineate all structures. Puborectalis muscle area (PMA) and the mean echogenicity of the puborectalis muscle (MEP) were calculated offline. Intra‐ and interobserver reliability were determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and their 95% CIs.ResultsThe development of a semi‐automated method to calculate puborectalis area and echogenicity is described in detail. PMA and MEP measurements in pregnant women demonstrated almost perfect intraobserver reliability for both inexperienced observers, with ICC values ranging from 0.88 to 0.99. The interobserver reliability showed ICCs of 0.63 for PMA and almost perfect ICC values, of 0.96–0.98, for echogenicity. The majority of intraobserver mismatch between two delineations of PMA occurred near the borders.ConclusionsMatlab software can be used to provide reliable measurements of the area and echogenicity of the puborectalis muscle. As the latter can be used to assess structural changes in the puborectalis muscle, it appears a promising new tool for studying pelvic floor structural anatomy. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Moderne unikondyläre Kniearthroplastik
Authors: von Knoch F. , Munzinger U. 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die unikondyläre Kniearthroplastik (UKA) ist bei fortgeschrittener medialer oder lateraler Gonarthrose eine etablierte Therapieoption.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Eckpfeiler einer erfolgreichen UKA – sorgfältige Patientenselektion, präoperative Planung und präzise Operationstechnik – werden in dieser Übersichtsarbeit behandelt.

Stellenwert
Im Unterschied zur Knietotalarthroplastik erlaubt die UKA den Erhalt des kontralateralen und patellofemoralen Kompartiments sowie der Kreuzbänder und ist oft mit einer rascheren postoperativen Erholung, verbesserten Kniekinematik und Kniefunktion verbunden. Allerdings ist die UKA technisch sehr anspruchsvoll. Hohe Revisionsraten wurden v. a. bei breiter Anwendung gemäß nationaler Prothesenregister berichtet.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Erfolg der UKA hängt von einer sorgfältigen Patientenauswahl, detaillierten präoperativen Planung und Operationstechnik ab. Eine Erweiterung der klassischen Indikationskriterien für UKA halten wir für gerechtfertigt. Drei Typen der mechanischen Varus-Valgus-Deformität vor medialer oder lateraler UKA können unterschieden werden: Typ 1 (isolierte intraartikuläre Deformität), Typ 2 (übermäßige Deformität durch extraartikuläre Varusdeformität bei medialer UKA oder Valgusdeformität bei lateraler UKA), Typ 3 (reduzierte Deformität durch extraartikuläre Valgusdeformität bei medialer UKA oder Varusdeformität bei lateraler UKA). Diese Deformitäten sollten bei der Operationstechnik berücksichtigt werden.
Functional outcomes and quality of life following surgical treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts of the pelvis in children
Authors: Novais Eduardo N. , Zimmerman Amy K. , Lewallen Laura W. , Rose Peter S. , Sim Franklin H. , McIntosh Amy L. 
Published: May 2014

Background Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are a benign aggressive tumor that occurs rarely in the pelvis in the pediatric population. Pelvic ABCs may involve the triradiate cartilage and/or the acetabulum, which increases the technical difficulty of surgical treatment and has potential implications on the growth and development of the hip joint. This study examines the clinical presentation, rate of surgical complications, and recurrence rate, as well as, long-term clinical and functional outcomes of children with pelvic ABCs treated at a single institution by a single treatment modality. Methods Between 1988 and 2008, 142 children with histologically confirmed ABCs were treated at our institution. Seventeen (12 %) tumors were located in the pelvis. A total of 13 pelvic ABCs (5 ilium-periacetabular, 4 pubic, 3 ilium-iliac wing, and 1 ischium) were included in this study. There were eight male and five female patients with a mean age of 12.9 years (range 4.1–17.5 years) at the time of surgery. The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 1993 (MSTS’93) score, and the Short Form Health Survey Sf-36 were obtained at a minimum 5-year follow-up in all patients (mean follow-up 11.5 years, range 5.5–19.8 years). The mean age at follow-up was 24.3 years (range 14.6–32.6 years). Results All patients were treated surgically with intralesional curettage extended with a high-speed burr and bone grafting. Eight patients received adjunctive therapy with phenol. Five patients had preoperative selective arterial embolization. Of the 13 patients, 1 had a local recurrence diagnosed at 6 months after surgery. The only complication in the cohort was a superficial wound infection. At the latest follow-up, all patients were free of disease. The mean TESS score was 95 and the mean MSTS’93 score was 93 %. The mean self-rated general health score, according to the SF-36 was 87 % of total points possible. Conclusions Extended curettage and bone grafting of pelvic ABCs in the pediatric population can yield high clinical and functional scores at an average of 11 years follow-up with a low rate of complications and recurrence. Level of evidence IV, case series.