bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards efficient deployment of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Fouchal Hacène , Hunel Philippe , Ramassamy Cédric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractApplications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are various and different. Many routing protocols have been proposed for WSNs since a decade. Medium access control protocols can differ from a network to another. The transmission range can also be variable from a sensor to another depending on their battery capacities. All these various protocols have an influence on the WSNs performance, in particular, the quality of service (QoS) they provide. It is worthy to choose the appropriate protocol for each specific situation in order to ensure a high security of the network. In this paper, we show that the type of application, the type of routing protocol, and the transmission range value have a real impact on WSN performance. Indeed, if we do not choose the right protocol in the right situation, the network could provide a low QoS in terms of lost packet rate and energy consumption. We have undertaken a set of experimentations in order to extract a road map that could be useful for any designer who intend to deploy a WSN with a high QoS degree. For the application layer, we have handled three types of applications: regular applications, applications requiring a high communication rate, and burst rate based applications. We have also considered different network sizes. For the routing layer, we have investigated the Ad hoc On‐demand Distance Vector, ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector routing, dynamic source routing, and Destination‐Sequenced Distance Vector protocols. Various transmission range values have been used. We have conducted many simulations through the NS‐2 simulator in order to analyze two relevant QoS indicators on WSNs: energy consumption and lost packet rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Hydrogenation Reactions at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Katano Satoshi , Kim Yousoo , Kawai Maki , Trenary Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions on metal surfaces are among the most important in heterogeneous catalysis. Such reactions can be observed and characterized at the single‐molecule level with low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (LT‐STM). A brief review of such studies is presented. A specific example, the hydrogenation of methyl isocyanide to methyl aminocarbyne on the Pt(111) surface, is described in detail. This reaction was first identified in a study with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, a technique that averages over monolayer quantities of molecules. The example illustrates the importance of characterization of surface reactions with complementary techniques in order to properly interpret the single‐molecule LT‐STM images. A second example of the complementary nature of LT‐STM and other surface characterization methods is the tip‐induced dehydrogenation on Pt(111) of acetonitrile, the more stable isomer of methyl isocyanide.
Hinokitiol induces autophagy in murine breast and colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Wei‐Kuang , Lin Song‐Tao , Chang Wen‐Wei , Liu Li‐Wen , Li Tom Yu‐Tung , Kuo Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Jeng‐Long , Lee Che‐Hsin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHinokitiol is found in the heartwood of cupressaceous plants and possesses several biological activities. Hinokitiol may play an important role in anti‐inflammation and antioxidant processes, making it potentially useful in therapies for inflammatory‐mediated disease. Previously, the suppression of tumor growth by hinokitiol has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Programmed cell death can also occur through autophagy, but the mechanism of hinokitiol‐induced autophagy in tumor cells is poorly defined. We used an autophagy inhibitor (3‐methyladenine) to demonstrate that hinokitiol can induce cell death via an autophagic pathway. Further, we suggest that hinokitiol induces autophagy in a dose‐dependent manner. Markers of autophagy were increased after tumor cells were treated with hinokitiol. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that the levels of phosphoprotein kinase B (P‐AKT), phosphomammalian target of rapamycin (P‐mTOR), and phospho‐p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P‐p70S6K) in tumor cells were decreased after hinokitiol treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that hinokitiol induces the autophagic signaling pathway via downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, our findings show that hinokitiol may control tumor growth by inducing autophagic signaling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 77–84, 2016.
Where do computational mathematics and computational statistics converge?
Authors: Duffy Austen C. 
Published: July 2014

This overview presents a discussion on several topics of importance shared by the fields of computational mathematics and computational statistics. A brief history of the advancements to the fields of mathematics and statistics leading to the modern computational era is provided, along with a discussion of the intersection of topics which comprise the two subjects. The foundational aspects shared by both computational mathematics and computational statistics are explored with elementary discussions suitable to nonexperts and aspiring students of the computational sciences. Finally, a discussion of the role played by computational mathematics and computational statistics in a few selected application areas is explored. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:341–351. doi: 10.1002/wics.1313This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Comparative epigenomics: defining and utilizing epigenomic variations across species, time‐course, and individuals
Authors: Xiao Shu , Cao Xiaoyi , Zhong Sheng 
Published: July 2014

Epigenomic profiling, by revealing genome‐wide distributions of epigenetic modifications, generated a large amount of structural information about the chromosomes. Epigenomic analysis has quickly become a big data science, posing tremendous challenges on its translation into knowledge. To meet this challenge, comparative analysis of epigenomes, dubbed comparative epigenomics, has emerged as an active research area. Here, we summarize the recent developments in comparative epigenomic analyses into three major directions, namely the comparisons across species, the time‐course of a biological process, and individuals. We review the main ideas, methods, and findings in each direction, and discuss the implications to understanding the regulatory functions of the genomes. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:345–352. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1274This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Evaluation of CT‐DEA performance on Ca/P ratio assessment in bone apatite using EDX
Authors: Hadjipanteli A. , Kourkoumelis N. , Speller R. 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a new computed tomography‐dual energy analysis (CT‐DEA) technique developed for the non‐invasive assessment of the 3D spatial distribution of calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in bone. For this, the Ca/P ratio in 58 regions from four healthy and four inflammation‐mediated osteoporotic (IMO) rabbit bone collagen‐free samples were assessed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and CT‐DEA. Image registration, performed using NifTK software (Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London), allowed the comparison with the results from the two imaging systems.A value of R2=0.69 in the fit of CT‐DEA Ca/P ratio versus EDX Ca/P ratio and a mean absolute/percentage difference of 0.11 ± 0.08/8 ± 6% in the CT‐DEA Ca/P ratio from the EDX results suggest sufficient confidence in the current experimental capabilities of the developed technique. The main difficulties in the comparison of the results using the two techniques and possible sources of error are discussed.Even though there are still possible improvements that can be made in the developed technique, through this study, it has been shown that CT‐DEA can provide valuable 3D, non‐invasive information on the comparison between healthy and osteoporotic bone. © 2014 The Authors. X‐Ray Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembly of Organic Chromosphere Cations with Inorganic Lanthanide(III) Complex Counterions
Authors: Li Dandane , Sun Xianshun , Shao Nanqi , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHybrid complexes based on a D‐π‐A type dye p‐aminostyryl‐pyridinum cation and a lanthanide(III) complex anion were synthesized by ionic exchange reaction. Different alkyl‐substituted amino groups were used as electron donors in organic dye cations. The synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis. In addition, the structural features of them were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Their optical properties were systematically investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Does type of modified output correspond to learner noticing of feedback? A closer look in face-to-face and computer-mediated task-based interaction
Authors: GURZYNSKI-WEISS LAURA , BARALT MELISSA 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines if type of learner-modified output differentially demonstrates noticing and whether or not this relationship holds in both face-to-face (FTF) and synchronous computer-mediated chat (SCMC) environments. Twenty-four learners of Spanish as a foreign language interacted one-on-one with an interlocutor in the FTF and the SCMC modes, during which they received corrective feedback. After each interaction, learners participated in a mode-specific stimulated recall session to measure their noticing of feedback. Data were coded for (a) feedback episode, (b) type of modified output (none, partial, or full), and (c) accurate noticing. Binary logistic regressions indicated that after feedback, partial modified output was the greatest predictor of accurate noticing of feedback. This finding applied in both FTF and SCMC.
Arguing about innateness
Authors: VALIAN VIRGINIA 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper lays out the components of a language acquisition model, the interconnections among the components, and the differing stances of nativism and empiricism about syntax. After demonstrating that parsimony cannot decide between the two stances, the paper analyzes nine examples of evidence that have been used to argue for or against nativism, concluding that most pieces of evidence are either irrelevant or suggest that language is special but need not invoke innate ideas. Two pieces of evidence – the development of home sign languages and the acquisition of Determiners – do show not just that language is special but that the child has innate syntactic content. The existential claim that nativism makes – there is at least one innate syntactic idea – is an easier claim to verify than the universal claim that empiricism makes – there are no innate syntactic ideas.
The role of language ability and self-regulation in the development of inattentive–hyperactive behavior problems
Authors: Petersen Isaac T. , Bates John E. , Staples Angela D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrevious research has found associations but not established mechanisms of developmental linkage between language ability and inattentive–hyperactive (I-H) behavior problems. The present study examined whether self-regulation mediates the effect of language ability on later I-H behavior problems among young children (N = 120) assessed at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Cross-lagged panel models tested the direction of effect between language ability and self-regulation and longitudinal effects of language ability on later I-H problems mediated by self-regulation. Language ability was measured by children's scores on the receptive and expressive language subtests of the Differential Ability Scales. Self-regulation was measured by three behavioral tasks requiring inhibitory control. I-H problems were reported by parents and secondary caregivers. Language ability predicted later self-regulation as measured by all three tasks. There was no association, however, between self-regulation and later language ability, suggesting that the direction of effect was stronger from language ability to later self-regulation. Moreover, the effect of language ability on later I-H behavior problems was mediated by children's self-regulation in one of the tasks (for secondary caregivers' but not parents' ratings). Findings suggest that language deficits may explain later I-H behavior problems via their prediction of poorer self-regulatory skills.
Design and development of an instrument to measure overall lifestyle habits for epidemiological research: the Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index
Authors: Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Moreno-Franco Belén , Ordovás Jose M , León Montse , Casasnovas Jose A , Peñalvo Jose L 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo design and develop a questionnaire that can account for an individual’s adherence to a Mediterranean lifestyle including the assessment of diet and physical activity patterns, as well as social interaction.DesignThe Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index was created based on the current Spanish Mediterranean food guide pyramid. MEDLIFE is a twenty-eight-item derived index consisting of questions about food consumption (fifteen items), traditional Mediterranean dietary habits (seven items) and physical activity, rest and social interaction habits (six items). Linear regression models and Spearman rank correlation were fitted to assess content validity and internal consistency.SettingA subset of participants in the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort (Zaragoza, Spain) provided the data for development of MEDLIFE.SubjectsParticipants (n 988) of the Aragon Workers’ Health Study cohort in Spain.ResultsMean MEDLIFE score was 11·3 (sd 2·6; range: 0–28), and the quintile distribution of MEDLIFE score showed a significant association with each of the individual items as well as with specific nutrients and lifestyle indicators (intra-validity). We also quantified MEDLIFE correspondence with previously reported diet quality indices and found significant correlations (ρ range: 0·44–0·53; P<0·001) for the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener.ConclusionsMEDLIFE is the first index to include an overall assessment of lifestyle habits. It is expected to be a more holistic tool to measure adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle in epidemiological studies.
Amplitude Modulated S-Tones Can Be Superior to Noise for Tinnitus Reduction
Authors: Tyler Richard , Stocking Christina , Secor Carrie , Slattery William H. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
Recent evidence has suggested that amplitude modulated tones might have some advantages over broadband noise.

Method
Fifty-six subjects listened to S-Tones at a carrier frequency matched at the tinnitus pitch (amplitude modulation rate of 40 Hz) and to broadband noise. Subjects rated their tinnitus loudness before, during, and after a 120-s duration masker.

Results

The results suggested that S-Tones were generally more effective at reducing tinnitus loudness than noise. In about one third (21/56) of the subjects, there was no significant effect from any masker. In other subjects, 54.3% (19/35) showed a greater reduction for the S-Tones, 20% (7/35) showed a greater reduction with the noise, and 25.7% (9/35) showed similar performance between the 2 stimuli. The S-Tones showed a statistically significant benefit (
p
< .01) versus noise at reducing the patient's tinnitus perception. Using low-level stimuli that were rated much softer than the subjects' baseline tinnitus, the S-Tones reduced the tinnitus loudness by 1.9 times the amount that noise did (about 28% on average, whereas the noise reduced the tinnitus by about 15%).

Conclusion
S-Tones at the tinnitus pitch-match frequency are more likely to be effective than broadband noise at reducing tinnitus loudness.
Conciliatory gestures promote forgiveness and reduce anger in humans
Authors: McCullough Michael E. , Pedersen Eric J. , Tabak Benjamin A. , Carter Evan C. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Conflict is a common feature of social life among group-living animals, but many social relationships often retain value even after conflicts have occurred. Consequently, natural selection has likely endowed humans and other animal species with cognitive systems that motivate reconciliation with interaction partners that they perceive as valuable and nonthreatening, notwithstanding prior conflict. In a large sample of people who had recently been harmed by an interaction partner, we found that conciliatory gestures, such as apologies and offers of compensation, accelerated forgiveness and reduced anger toward transgressors, largely by altering victims’ perceptions of their transgressors’ relationship value and exploitation risk. These results give insight into the design logic behind the cognitive systems that motivate human postconflict reconciliation.
The tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, A20) imposes a brake on antitumor activity of CD8 T cells
Authors: Giordano Marilyn , Roncagalli Romain , Bourdely Pierre , Chasson Lionel , Buferne Michel , Yamasaki Sho , Beyaert Rudi , van Loo Geert , Auphan-Anezin Nathalie , Schmitt-Verhulst Anne-Marie , Verdeil Grégory 
Published: July 2014

SignificanceMechanisms controlling immune reactivity prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity, but generally dampen antitumor activity. The tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 gene encoding the A20 protein, a key molecule controlling NF-κB activation, has been linked to the development of multiple inflammatory pathologies in humans, some of which are recapitulated in mice with selective deletion of A20 in myeloid, dendritic, or B cells. Here, mice with selective deletion of A20 in mature conventional T cells presented no detectable pathology. CD8 T cells from these mice showed increased antigen sensitivity with enhanced production of IL-2 and IFNγ. Importantly, A20-deleted CD8 T cells possessed heightened antitumor activity in vivo. Targeting this gene in adoptively transferred CD8 T cells could represent a promising mechanism to achieve tumor rejection.
Immunosignature system for diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Stafford Phillip , Cichacz Zbigniew , Woodbury Neal W. , Johnston Stephen Albert 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Over much of the world, healthcare systems are facing an unprecedented challenge to meet the medical needs of an aging population while controlling costs. The early detection and treatment of diseases that are prevalent in older people is likely to be a key aspect of economically efficient, high-quality healthcare. In the case of cancer, the resection of a stage I or stage II tumor is often effectively a cure. An ideal diagnostic would allow early detection of disease on a single platform that could be used for any disease. Here, we demonstrate that the immunosignature diagnosis platform could potentially meet the universal platform requirement. Ongoing work will address the early detection requirement separately.
Small-scale universality in fluid turbulence
Authors: Schumacher Jörg , Scheel Janet D. , Krasnov Dmitry , Donzis Diego A. , Yakhot Victor , Sreenivasan Katepalli R. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Since the time Kolmogorov postulated the universality of small-scale turbulence, an important research topic has been to experimentally establish it beyond doubt. The likelihood of small-scale universality increases with increasing distance (say, in wave number space) from the nonuniversal large scales. This distance increases as some power of the flow Reynolds number, and so a great deal of emphasis has been put on creating and quantifying very high Reynolds number flows under controlled conditions. The present paper shows that the universal properties of inertial range turbulence (thought to exist only at very high Reynolds numbers) are already present in an incipient way even at modest Reynolds numbers and hence changes the paradigm of research in this field.
Infants’ brain responses to speech suggest Analysis by Synthesis
Authors: Kuhl Patricia K. , Ramírez Rey R. , Bosseler Alexis , Lin Jo-Fu Lotus , Imada Toshiaki 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Infants discriminate speech sounds universally until 8 mo of age, then native discrimination improves and nonnative discrimination declines. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigate the contribution of auditory and motor brain systems to this developmental transition. We show that 7-mo-old infants activate auditory and motor brain areas similarly for native and nonnative sounds; by 11–12 mo, greater activation in auditory brain areas occurs for native sounds, whereas greater activation in motor brain areas occurs for nonnative sounds, matching the adult pattern. We posit that hearing speech invokes an Analysis by Synthesis process: auditory analysis of speech is coupled with synthesis that predicts the motor plans necessary to produce it. Both brain systems contribute to the developmental transition in infant speech perception.
Synergistic tumor suppression by combined inhibition of telomerase and CDKN1A
Authors: Gupta Romi , Dong Yuying , Solomon Peter D. , Wettersten Hiromi I. , Cheng Christopher J. , Min JIn-Na , Henson Jeremy , Dogra Shaillay Kumar , Hwang Sung H. , Hammock Bruce D. , Zhu Lihua J. , Reddel Roger R. , Saltzman W. Mark , Weiss Robert H. , Chang Sandy , Green Michael R. , Wajapeyee Narendra 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Over 90% of cancer cells express telomerase, which is required for their survival. However, telomerase inhibitors alone have so far failed to provide any significant clinical benefit. Therefore, identifying and targeting genes that can enhance the effects of telomerase inhibitors will greatly benefit a large population of cancer patients. We find that simultaneous inhibition of p21 and telomerase synergistically suppresses tumor growth. We also show that our approach is useful for treating p53 mutant cancers, when used with therapies that restore the function of mutant p53. We anticipate that simultaneous targeting of p21 and telomerase will overcome the current limitation of single-agent telomerase therapeutics and provide an effective method to treat cancers that rely on telomerase activity for survival.
Parental Monitoring Affects the Relationship between Depressed Mood and Alcohol-Related Problems in Adolescents
Authors: O'Brien Kimberly H. McManama , Hernandez Lynn , Spirito Anthony 
Published: July 2014

Background Parental monitoring has been identified as a protective factor for adolescent drinking, whereas depressed mood, peer substance use, and peer tolerance of substance use have been identified as risk factors. The purpose of this study was to test the association between depressed mood and alcohol-related problems in adolescents, and to test whether parental monitoring and peer substance use/tolerance of use moderate the strength of this relationship. Methods Participants included 227 adolescents ( Mage = 15.36; 51.5% female) recruited from a hospital emergency department and surrounding community who completed self-report assessments. Results Hierarchical linear regression analysis demonstrated that depressed mood was associated with more alcohol-related problems. A significant interaction between depressed mood and parental monitoring indicated a moderating effect, with high levels of depressed mood being associated with alcohol-related problems when parental monitoring was low; at low levels of depressed mood, parental monitoring was not related to alcohol-related problems. Conclusions This study highlights the protective role that parental monitoring may play in the association between depressed mood and alcohol-related problems and suggests that parenting practices, in addition to individual counseling, should be addressed in treatment of depressed adolescents who drink.