bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistently high venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide differences during early resuscitation are associated with poor outcomes in septic shock
Authors: Ospina-Tascón Gustavo A , Bautista-Rincón Diego F , Umaña Mauricio , Tafur José D , Gutiérrez Alejandro , García Alberto F , Bermúdez William , Granados Marcela , Arango-Dávila César , Hernández Glenn 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pv-aCO2) may reflect the adequacy of blood flow during shock states. We sought to test whether the development of Pv-aCO2 during the very early phases of resuscitation is related to multi-organ dysfunction and outcomes in a population of septic shock patients resuscitated targeting the usual oxygen-derived and hemodynamic parameters.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study in a 60-bed mixed ICU in a University affiliated Hospital. 85 patients with a new septic shock episode were included. A Pv-aCO2 value ≥ 6 mmHg was considered to be high. Patients were classified in four predefined groups according to the Pv-aCO2 evolution during the first 6 hours of resuscitation: (1) persistently high Pv-aCO2 (high at T0 and T6); (2) increasing Pv-aCO2 (normal at T0, high at T6); (3) decreasing Pv-aCO2 (high at T0, normal at T6); and (4) persistently normal Pv-aCO2 (normal at T0 and T6). Multiorgan dysfunction at day-3 was compared for predefined groups and a Kaplan Meier curve was constructed to show the survival probabilities at day-28 using a log-rank test to evaluate differences between groups. A Spearman-Rho was used to test the agreement between cardiac output and Pv-aCO2. Finally, we calculated the mortality risk ratios at day-28 among patients attaining normal oxygen parameters but with a concomitantly increased Pv-aCO2.

Results
Patients with persistently high and increasing Pv-aCO2 at T6 had significant higher SOFA scores at day-3 (p < 0.001) and higher mortality rates at day-28 (log rank test: 19.21, p < 0.001) compared with patients who evolved with normal Pv-aCO2 at T6. Interestingly, a poor agreement between cardiac output and Pv-aCO2 was observed (r2 = 0.025, p < 0.01) at different points of resuscitation. Patients who reached a central venous saturation (ScvO)2 ≥ 70% or mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) ≥ 65% but with concomitantly high Pv-aCO2 at different developmental points (i.e., T0, T6 and T12) had a significant mortality risk ratio at day-28.

Conclusion
The persistence of high Pv-aCO2 during the early resuscitation of septic shock was associated with more severe multi-organ dysfunction and worse outcomes at day-28. Although mechanisms conducting to increase Pv-aCO2 during septic shock are insufficiently understood, Pv-aCO2 could identify a high risk of death in apparently resuscitated patients.
Rosiglitazone-induced CD36 up-regulation resolves inflammation by PPARγ and 5-LO-dependent pathways
Authors: Ballesteros Iván , Cuartero María I , Pradillo Jesús M , de la Parra Juan , Pérez-Ruiz Alberto , Corbí Ángel , Ricote Mercedes , Hamilton John A , Sobrado Mónica , Vivancos José , Nombela Florentino , Lizasoain Ignacio , Moro María A 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPPARγ-achieved neuroprotection in experimental stroke has been explained by the inhibition of inflammatory genes, an action in which 5-LO, Alox5, is involved. In addition, PPARγ is known to promote the expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor that binds lipoproteins and mediates bacterial recognition and also phagocytosis. As phagocytic clearance of neutrophils is a requisite for resolution of the inflammatory response, PPARγ-induced CD36 expression might help to limit inflammatory tissue injury in stroke, an effect in which 5-LO might also be involved. Homogenates, sections, and cellular suspensions were prepared from brains of WT and Alox5−/− mice exposed to distal pMCAO. BMMs were obtained from Lys-M Cre+ PPARγf/f and Lys-M Cre− PPARγf/f mice. Stereological counting of double-immunofluorescence-labeled brain sections and FACS analysis of cell suspensions was performed. In vivo and in vitro phagocytosis of neutrophils by microglia/macrophages was analyzed. PPARγ activation with RSG induced CD36 expression in resident microglia. This process was mediated by the 5-LO gene, which is induced in neurons by PPARγ activation and at least by one of its products—LXA4—which induced CD36 independently of PPARγ. Moreover, CD36 expression helped resolution of inflammation through phagocytosis, concomitantly to neuroprotection. Based on these findings, in addition to a direct modulation by PPARγ, we propose in brain a paracrine model by which products generated by neuronal 5-LO, such as LXA4, increase the microglial expression of CD36 and promote tissue repair in pathologies with an inflammatory component, such as stroke.
Delayed Fluorescence Behaviors of Aminopyridine Oligomers: Azacalix[n](2,6)pyridines (n = 3 and 4) and Their Linear Analog
Authors: Uchida Natsuko , Sato Tohru , Kuwabara Junpei , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Aminopyridine oligomers exhibited long-lived emission at 77 K, which could be assigned to the delayed fluorescence. The macrocyclic structure predominantly dictated the emission behaviors. Their emission behaviors were elucidated from time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
THE AUTOMATED DESIGNING OF PRODUCTION STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF SOPHISTICATED TECHNICAL SYSTEMS WITH USING FUNCTIONAL-COST ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors: Силуянова Марина , Siluyanova Marina 
Published: December 2013

In the article some aspects of using functional-cost analysis
into automated designing of production stages of the life cycle of
sophisticated technical systems have been treated; an application of
modern instrumental systems directed to increase quality of automated
designing and support issue of sophisticated technical systems
with performance and functional objectives has been shown; a
method of creating space design (project area) of the product system
has been proposed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Ralon Laureano , Kuskis Alexander , Blewitt John , Dougherty Meghan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Amor Technologiae: Marshall McLuhan as Philosopher of Technology – Toward a Philosophy of Human-Media Relationships, Yoni Van Den Eede (2012) Brussels, Belgium: ASP VUB Press, 517 pp., ISBN: 978-9057181870, p/bk, €29.95
Titanic Century: Media, Myth and the Making of a Cultural Icon, Paul Heyer (2012) Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 211 pp., ISBN 978-0-313-39815-5, h/bk, $48.00
Media Environments, Barry Vacker (ed.) (2010) San Diego, CA: Cognella, 546 pp., ISBN: 978-1935551348, p/bk, $142.50
Networked Reenactments: Stories Transdisciplinary Knowledges Tell, Katie King (2012) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 392 pp., ISBN: 978-0822350729, p/bk, $25.95
Baguio city and the politics of space: Creativity and innovation in a globalizing world
Authors: Villarba-Torres Anna Christie K. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article attempts to (re)write the local history of Baguio, a chartered city constructed by the Americans in the early 1900s. Informed by the concepts of spatiality or the organization of space as a social product (Foucault 2003: 19) and Henri Lefebvre’s triad of spatial practice, representations of space and representational spaces, I have conducted an intertextual interrogation of selected epistolary entries of colonial tourists, ‘official’ or otherwise, like Dean C. Worcester and Maud Huntley Jenks, vintage brochures, maps and other forms of ‘tourist art’ (Best 2001: 65), as well as little known fiction of Filipino writers in English Sinai C. Hamada and Lina Espina-Moore. This intertextual approach has allowed me to negotiate alternative routes to the reformulation of the assertion that history and space are never neutral but are steeped in power relations.
An Adaptive Fuzzy Wavelet Network with Gradient Learning for Nonlinear Function Approximation
Authors: Oysal Yusuf , Yilmaz Sevcan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article, a new adaptive fuzzy wavelet neural network (AFWNN) model is proposed for nonlinear function approximation problems. The AFWNN model is based on the traditional Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy system. Specifically, this model replaces the membership functions of fuzzy rules with wavelet basis functions, which are known to have time and frequency localization properties, i.e., they can approximate patterns both in the time and frequency domains. The structure of the AFWNN model is derived from that of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). However, the AFWNN improves over the ANFIS by replacing Gaussian functions in the hidden layer with wavelet basis functions. The AFWNN model is trained using a gradient-based optimization algorithm. The AFWNN is then tested on three function approximation problems of time series prediction. For certain types of nonlinear time series, for instance fractal processes, the AFWNN is found to be substantially more accurate than alternative methods.
Real vs. nominal cycles: a multistate Markov-switching bi-factor approach
Authors: Leiva-Leon Danilo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a probabilistic model based on comovements and nonlinearities useful to assess the type of shock affecting each phase of the business cycle. By providing simultaneous inferences on the phases of real activity and inflation cycles, contractionary episodes are dated and categorized into demand, supply and mix recessions. The impact of shocks originated in the housing market over the business cycle is also assessed, finding that recessions are usually accompanied by housing deflationary pressures, while expansions are mainly influenced by housing demand shocks, with the only exception occurred during the period surrounding the “Great Recession,” affected by expansionary housing supply shocks.
Caloric effects and phase transitions in ferromagnetic–ferroelectric composites xLa0.7Pb0.3MnO3–(1−x)PbTiO3
Authors: Mikhaleva Ekaterina , Flerov Igor , Kartashev Andrey , Gorev Mikhail , Cherepakhin Alexander , Sablina Klara , Mikhashenok Nataly , Volkov Nikita , Shabanov Alexander 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Protocols for the analysis of transformer oil and its degradation in soil by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Chang Yanjun , Achari Gopal , Langford Cooper H. 
Published: December 2013

Conventional gas chromatography (GC) analysis of hydrocarbons displaying one broad peak provides limited information. Two GC analytical protocols using two-peak and three-peak approaches were developed to investigate transformer oil components and their degradation in soil by hydrogen peroxide. The two-peak method revealed transformer oil to be composed of 27 wt.% F2 fraction and 73 wt.% F3 fraction hydrocarbons. The three-peak method segregated the transformer oil into 40 wt.% light, 40 wt.% medium, and 20 wt.% heavy hydrocarbon fractions. In contrast to reports of success with several classes of lighter hydrocarbons, only limited degradations of transformer oil in soils by 15% and 30% hydrogen peroxide treatment was indicated by conventional one-peak analysis; two-peak analysis showed varying F2 and F3 fraction degradations with F2 fraction degradation being higher; three-peak analysis offered a richer understanding of the relative degradations of light, medium, and heavy fractions. The effect of a low pH environment on the degradation of transformer oil by hydrogen peroxide was evaluated using the three-peak method. It emerged that the degradation of the medium and heavier fractions of transformer oil was higher at pH 2·0.
Chlorophyll Meter Readings, Leaf Area Index, and Their Stability as Assessments of Yield and Quality in Sugar Beet Cultivars Grown in Two Contrasting Environments
Authors: Tsialtas J. T. , Baxevanos D. , Maslaris N. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAcross 2 yr and two locations in central Greece, 12 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars were tested for yield (fresh root weight [FRW], sugar yield [SY], and white sugar yield [WSY]), sucrose content (SC) (% in fresh root weight), and their stability. Cultivar differences in photosynthetic machinery were nondestructively assessed by leaf chlorophyll (soil plant analysis development [SPAD] readings) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements on four occasions during the growing season, within the first week of June, July, August, and September 2004 and 2005. Values over the four measurements conducted during the growing season of the physiological parameters (SPAD value over the four measurements conducted during the growing season [SPADM] and LAI value over the four measurements conducted during the growing season [LAIM]) and measurements of SPAD in June (SPAD1) and LAI in July (LAI2) showed broad‐sense heritability similar or even higher than those of yields. Both SPAD1 and LAI2 correlated positively with SPADM and LAIM, respectively, indicating that a single measurement, at a certain time point, might assess cultivar performance over the growing season. Three cultivars (Corsica, Palma, and Creta) performed best among the 12 genotypes, combining the highest WSY and stability as a genotype and genotype × environment biplot analysis depicted. Despite the fact that no relationship between SPAD and yields (FRW, SY, and WSY) or SC was found, cultivars instable in SPAD, as assessed by the Shukla stability variance (σ2i) (σ2i of SPAD1 and σ2i of SPADM), were shown to be the high yielding ones. On the contrary, cultivars with high and stable LAIs (LAI2 and LAIM) had the highest and more stable yields. Under the Mediterranean conditions of this work, where sugar beets suffer successive defoliations and regrowths, cultivars to yield better are those that sustain high LAI canopies with adapting “greenness” to the prevailing environmental conditions.
Evaluation of Turf‐type Interspecific Hybrids of Meadow Fescue with Perennial Ryegrass for Improved Stress Tolerance
Authors: Barnes Brent D. , Kopecký David , Lukaszewski Adam J. , Baird James H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBroadening the genetic pool of crop species by wide hybridization is an established practice in plant breeding. Festuca × Lolium hybrids (Festulolium) are already established as commercial forage grasses around the world. By recurrent selection for drought and heat tolerance we developed turf‐type populations of FL with increased stress tolerance. This improvement appeared associated with the presence of an introgression of meadow fescue [Festuca pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.] chromatin on chromosome 3 of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). To determine if deeper and more extensive root characteristics were responsible for increased stress tolerance, a greenhouse study was conducted on FL both with and without the introgression, parental controls, and tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.). In two experiments in sand‐filled tubes, meadow fescue (MF) produced the deepest roots, most root biomass, and highest root:shoot ratio; FL and perennial ryegrass (PR) were intermediate while tall fescue (TF) ranked at or near the bottom for these traits. The results suggested that drought tolerance in FL was not a consequence of altered root depth or biomass. In a 2‐yr field study of drought tolerance at deficit irrigation (50–70% ETo), turf quality of FL and PR was significantly greater compared to the fescues; FL populations appeared to offer greater turf quality during drought conditions than the fescues, but they did not differ from PR itself. In only 1 yr were mature TF stands equal to PR and FL in recovery rates. While the actual mechanism is still obscure, it appears that, with additional breeding and selection, FL hybrids have the potential to withstand water deficit at least as well as TF, while providing better turf quality.
Survey of Plant Density Tolerance in U.S. Maize Germplasm
Authors: Mansfield Brian D. , Mumm Rita H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA broad range of U.S. maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm was evaluated for plant density tolerance (PDT) to identify potential sources of favorable alleles and to obtain a better understanding the underlying genetics involved. Thirty‐two hybrids created using a set of inbreds representing parentage of key heterotic subgroups were evaluated at plant densities ranging from 47,000 (19,000 plants per acre [ppA]) to 133,000 plants ha−1 (54,000 ppA). Forty‐eight phenotypic traits from five categories (photosynthetic capability, plant architecture, growth responses, source–sink relationship, and general stress tolerance) as well as grain yield were evaluated in three environments that differed for levels of soil moisture availability. The relationship between plant density and grain yield was assessed for each hybrid, with a wide range of responses observed. Five hybrids showed substantial tolerance to plant densities ≥116,000 plants ha−1 based on grain yield performance. Phenotypic trait correlations revealed a subset of traits associated with grain yield across plant densities, with all five categories of traits implicated directly; the subset included leaf angle, upper stem diameter, leaf area required to produce a gram of grain, kernel rows per ear, days to canopy closure, barrenness, kernels per plant, kernel length, leaf number, upper leaf area, staygreen, zipper effect, kernels per row, and anthesis–silking interval. Analysis of gene action for grain yield across plant densities emphasized the prominence of additivity, the increasing importance of nonadditivity as plant density and environmental stress levels increased, and genotype by environment interaction. This work paves the way for further characterization of PDT through quantitative trait locus mapping and candidate gene approaches.
Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Biomass Yield and Forage Quality Traits in Perennial Wildrye
Authors: Larson Steven R. , Jensen Kevin B. , Robins Joseph G. , Waldron Blair L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTNative perennial grasses have potential as low‐input biomass feedstocks. Basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Á. Löve] is the largest native grass in western North America but is susceptible to defoliation. Creeping wildrye [Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.] is a shorter less productive grass with durable rhizomes and higher forage quality. Two creeping wildrye pseudo‐backcross populations derived from interspecific hybrids were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling plant height, rhizome spreading, flowering, postanthesis biomass yield, cellulosic fiber, lignin, and protein traits using a linkage map comprising 376 expressed sequence tags and 423 other DNA markers. Biomass yields of the F1 hybrids and pseudo‐backcross populations were significantly greater than creeping wildrye with some genotypes nearly equal to or greater than basin wildrye. Rhizome spreading and forage quality of the creeping wildrye pseudo‐backcross populations were significantly greater than basin wildrye. Six of nine plant height QTL overlap with biomass QTL. Three flowering QTL detected in both populations overlap with fiber QTL. Plant height and flowering QTL were aligned to genes controlling dwarfing, photoperiod response, and vernalization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using the Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. genome reference sequence. Evidence suggests that genetic mechanisms controlling plant height and flowering are conserved among temperate grasses and reveals pathways for improving biomass production and forage quality.
Cattle Grazing Preference among Tetraploid and Diploid Annual Ryegrass Cultivars
Authors: Solomon Juan K. Q. , Macoon Bisoondat , Lang David J. , Vann Rhonda C. , Ward Stephanie 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDetermination of animal preference in the early stages of the evaluation process of new forages may provide insights into potential animal performance as well as plant responses to grazing. A 2‐yr study was conducted at Raymond, MS, to determine grazing preference of cattle between tetraploid and diploid annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars and its relationship with morphological and chemical characteristics. Treatments were two tetraploid cultivars, Maximus and Nelson, and two diploid cultivars, Marshall and Gulf, arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Eight Angus crossbred yearling steers (Bos taurus) (initial body weight of 320 ± 19 kg) were used to determine grazing preference based on herbage disappearance, the Chesson–Manly (CM) index, and amount of time spent grazing. In both years, herbage disappearance was greater for the tetraploid (1380 kg ha−1) than diploid cultivars (895 kg ha−1), with greater CM index for the tetraploid than for the diploid cultivars (8.1 vs. 5.8% in Year 1 and 6.9 vs. 5.5% in Year 2). Also, animals spent about 10% greater time grazing the tetraploid than diploid cultivars during both years. During the first year, the tetraploid cultivars had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (556 vs. 589 g kg−1) and less acid detergent fiber (ADF) (341 vs. 359 vs. g kg−1) than the diploid cultivars and Nelson had greater water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration (184 g kg−1) than the other three cultivars (152 g kg−1). In the second year, NDF, ADF, and WSC were not different among cultivars. Tetraploid cultivars had a greater proportion of leaf than diploid cultivars. The results indicate that cattle showed greater preference for tetraploid cultivars, which appeared to be linked mainly with pregraze herbage mass and the proportion of leaf.
Improved magnetic resonance myelography of the lumbar spine using image fusion and volumetry
Authors: Eberhardt Knut , Ganslandt Oliver , Stadlbauer Andreas 
Published: December 2013

ObjectThe goal of this study was to investigate the usefulness and diagnostic potential of an improved MR myelography approach using a dedicated, heavily T2-weighted, 3D MRI sequence in combination with image fusion. A further aim was to compare dural areas and volumes of normal and pathological altered lumbar spine levels, and accuracy in the assessment of the stenoses, with those obtained by postmyelographic CT.MethodsFifty patients underwent myelography, postmyelographic CT, and the improved MR myelography approach using a dedicated, heavily T2-weighted, 3D MRI sequence and image fusion. Dural cross-sectional areas and volumes for normal lumbar levels and levels with stenosis were calculated for postmyelographic CT and MR myelography data. The significant differences and Pearson correlations between dural cross-sectional areas and volumes from L1–2 to L5–S1 of postmyelographic CT and MR myelography were analyzed. The 99% CIs for normal and stenotic levels in patients with claudication distances less than 100 meters were calculated.ResultsFor both dural areas and volumes in normal lumbar levels, the authors found no significant differences and strong correlations between postmyelographic CT and MR myelography. For the lower lumbar levels (L4–5 and L5–S1) they found significantly larger dural areas on MR myelography compared with postmyelographic CT, but not for the upper levels (L2–3 and L3–4). Dural volume analysis revealed significantly larger volumes for MR myelography at all 4 lumbar levels with stenoses in the cohort (L2–3 to L5–S1). Complete separation with no overlap was found between the 99% CIs for normal levels and stenotic levels.ConclusionsDifferences in dural areas and volumes in this study may have been caused by the fact that in the case of a severely compressed thecal sac, the viscosity of the intrathecally applied contrast agent is too high in the framework of myelography. The gravitationally dependent component is thus too low to achieve sufficient fluid contrast. An optimized MR myelography approach—a dedicated 3D MR myelography sequence with high spatial resolution in combination with image fusion—is required to achieve a more reliable diagnosis of lumbar spine stenoses, especially with severe compression, compared with postmyelographic CT. This MR myelography approach may be helpful in preventing overestimation of lumbar spine stenoses. The upper limits of 99% CIs for stenotic levels can be interpreted as an indication for surgical treatment. However, further studies that include postoperative outcomes are required.