bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of winter streamflow generation in a subarctic Precambrian Shield catchment
Authors: Spence Christopher , Kokelj Shawne A. , Kokelj Steve V. , Hedstrom Newell 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere have been widespread increases in winter streamflow across the circumpolar north since the mid to late 1900s. However, the physical processes that result in winter runoff generation are not well understood. The objective of this research was to determine the runoff generation processes and pathways of cold season streamflow, and to compare and contrast them with those of spring freshet in a subarctic Canadian Shield study catchment in which winter streamflow regime changes have been documented. Traditional hydrometric methods were used in conjunction with modelling and hydrochemistry to estimate runoff sources and pathways. Results suggest that while runoff generation processes do not necessarily differ between spring and winter runoff events, the timing at which pre‐event and event water contributes does differ. Furthermore, the periods in which certain runoff pathways activate and deactivate are different. Runoff during the spring freshet is dominated by pre‐event water that has not been exposed to the subsurface. In contrast, and most notably, isotopic chemistry reveals that 72% of high cold season streamflow is from new precipitation. In Precambrian Shield regions, or in other landscapes where there may be a large fraction of lakes, late autumn rainfall can increase lake levels, and in turn, storage, to ample volumes that can provide high amounts of winter runoff. Where autumn rainfall has been increasing, precipitation and surface water should be considered as a source of enhanced winter streamflow in these types of landscapes. These results have implications for how widespread environmental changes in the circumpolar north, especially those of aquatic chemistry and permafrost thaw, should be interpreted and predicted. © 2013 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Household Location on First‐Year Engineering Students' Environmental Awareness and Resistance to Change
Authors: Weber Nicole , Dyehouse Melissa , Miller Christopher C. , Fang Jun , Hua Inez , Strobel Johannes 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo prepare engineers for their future roles, responsibilities, and professional demands, undergraduate engineering programs must integrate sustainable design into their curricula. Hence, we need to understand engineering students' awareness, conceptions, and, particularly, their prior knowledge and what shaped it.PurposeThis study proposed to examine the impact of their home location on engineering students' environmental awareness and resistance to change.Design/MethodWe administered two environmental surveys to students in a first‐year undergraduate engineering program. First, a macrolevel analysis focused on differences between students from different U.S. regions and international students. Then, to examine differences hypothesized in our environmental awareness model at the zip code‐level (students' household location, i.e., location from which they applied to college), we focused on first‐year engineering students with Indiana zip codes (n = 1,367).ResultsSignificant differences appeared in environmental awareness and knowledge according to students' household location (U.S. regions and international). As a result, we created a predictive model of the students' environmental knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and resistance to change using a GIS location‐based model.ConclusionsThis study extends the existing literature and provides a starting point for further exploring these relationships with engineering students. Since engineering programs provide different experiences to students, this study cautiously supports the idea that student household location has an impact and should be considered a viable variable. Further work is necessary to study the impact of location‐based class projects on the students' awareness and knowledge about sustainability and environmental issues.
Multicolor Ramsey Numbers For Complete Bipartite Versus Complete Graphs
Authors: Lenz John , Mubayi Dhruv 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLet be graphs. The multicolor Ramsey number is the minimum integer r such that in every edge‐coloring of by k colors, there is a monochromatic copy of in color i for some . In this paper, we investigate the multicolor Ramsey number , determining the asymptotic behavior up to a polylogarithmic factor for almost all ranges of t and m. Several different constructions are used for the lower bounds, including the random graph and explicit graphs built from finite fields. A technique of Alon and Rödl using the probabilistic method and spectral arguments is employed to supply tight lower bounds. A sample result is

urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt21771:jgt21771-math-0007for any t and m, where c1 and c2 are absolute constants.
Using an Example Statement Increases Information but Does Not Increase Accuracy of CBCA, RM, and SCAN
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Meijer Ewout H. , Vrij Aldert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVerbal credibility assessment methods are frequently used in the criminal justice system to investigate the truthfulness of statements. Three of these methods are Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA), Reality Monitoring (RM), and Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN). The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CBCA, RM, and especially SCAN. Second, we tested whether giving the interviewee an example of a detailed statement can enhance the diagnostic accuracy of these verbal credibility methods. To test the latter, two groups of participants were requested to write down one true and one fabricated statement about a negative event. Prior to this request, one group received a detailed example statement, whereas the other group received no additional information. Results showed that CBCA and RM scores differed between true and fabricated statements, whereas SCAN scores did not. Giving a detailed example statement did not lead to better discrimination between truth tellers and liars for any of the methods but did lead to the participants producing significantly longer statements. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted MRI at 3.0 T differentiates malignant breast lesions from benign lesions and breast parenchyma
Authors: Bokacheva Louisa , Kaplan Jennifer B. , Giri Dilip D. , Patil Sujata , Gnanasigamani Merlin , Nyman C. Gregory , Deasy Joseph O. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Thakur Sunitha B. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo study the differentiation of malignant breast lesions from benign lesions and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 26 malignant and 14 benign breast lesions in 35 patients who underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI at 3.0T and nine b‐values (0–1000 s/mm2). ADC and IVIM parameters (perfusion fraction fp, pseudodiffusion coefficient Dp, and true diffusion coefficient Dd) were determined in lesions and FGT. For comparison, IVIM was also measured in 16 high‐risk normal patients. A predictive model was constructed using linear discriminant analysis. Lesion discrimination based on ADC and IVIM parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC).ResultsIn FGT of normal subjects, fp was 1.1 ± 1.1%. In malignant lesions, fp (6.4 ± 3.1%) was significantly higher than in benign lesions (3.1 ± 3.3%, P = 0.0025) or FGT (1.5 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001), and Dd ((1.29 ± 0.28) × 10−3 mm2/s) was lower than in benign lesions ((1.56 ± 0.28) × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.011) or FGT ((1.86 ± 0.34) × 10−3 mm2/s, P < 0.001). A combination of Dd and fp provided higher AUC for discrimination between malignant and benign lesions (0.84) or FGT (0.97) than ADC (0.72 and 0.86, respectively).ConclusionThe IVIM parameters provide accurate identification of malignant lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:813–823. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of malignant breast tissue of breast cancer patients and the normal breast tissue of healthy lactating women volunteers using diffusion MRI and in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy
Authors: Sah Rani G. , Agarwal Khushbu , Sharma Uma , Parshad Rajinder , Seenu Vurthaluru , Jagannathan Naranamangalam R. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo investigate the potential of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and in vivo proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in the differentiation of breast tissue of healthy lactating women volunteers and breast cancer patients.Materials and MethodsDWI and MRS were carried out at 1.5 Tesla on 12 breast cancer patients and 12 normal lactating women volunteers. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and total choline (tCho) concentration were determined.ResultstCho was observed in all breast cancer patients and in 10/12 lactating women. Additionally a peak at 3.8 ppm corresponding to lactose was seen in 10/12 of lactating women. Concentration of tCho was similar in malignant breast tissue of patients (3.51 ± 1.72 mmol/kg) and in normal breast tissue of lactating women (3.52 ± 1.70 mmol/kg). However, ADC was significantly higher in the normal breast tissue of lactating women (1.62 ± 0.22 × 10−3 mm2/s) compared with the malignant breast tissue of patients (1.01 ± 0.10 × 10−3 mm2/s).ConclusionObservation of lactose peak with higher ADC in the breast tissue of healthy lactating women volunteers may aid in differentiation of changes that occur in breast tissue due to normal physiological conditions like lactation compared with malignant transformation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:169–174. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progress toward a liquid crystal contact lens display
Authors: De Smet Jelle , Avci Aykut , Joshi Pankaj , Schaubroeck David , Cuypers Dieter , De Smet Herbert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA contact lens embeddable display using electro‐optic modulation was designed and fabricated. Using a guest–host liquid crystal configuration, a spherically deformed liquid crystal cell was fabricated comprising poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) as a conductive layer and obliquely evaporated SiO2 as an alignment layer. An additional SiO2 buffer layer was evaporated on top of the PEDOT : PSS to overcome compatibility problems with the patterning of the photolithographically defined spacers. Although the contrast is modest, a patterned modulation could clearly be observed, indicating that our approach and fabrication process could eventually lead to a fully pixelated contact lens display.
Minimally invasive image‐guided cochlear implantation surgery: First report of clinical implementation
Authors: Labadie Robert F. , Balachandran Ramya , Noble Jack H. , Blachon Grégoire S. , Mitchell Jason E. , Reda Fitsum A. , Dawant Benoit M. , Fitzpatrick J. Michael 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisMinimally invasive image‐guided approach to cochlear implantation (CI) involves drilling a narrow, linear tunnel to the cochlea. Reported herein is the first clinical implementation of this approach.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsOn preoperative computed tomography (CT), a safe linear trajectory through the facial recess targeting the scala tympani was planned. Intraoperatively, fiducial markers were bone‐implanted, a second CT was acquired, and the trajectory was transferred from preoperative to intraoperative CT. A customized microstereotactic frame was rapidly designed and constructed to constrain a surgical drill along the desired trajectory. Following sterilization, the frame was employed to drill the tunnel to the middle ear. After lifting a tympanomeatal flap and performing a cochleostomy, the electrode array was threaded through the drilled tunnel and into the cochlea.ResultsEight of nine patients were successfully implanted using the proposed approach with six insertions completely within the scala tympani. Traditional mastoidectomy was performed on one patient following difficulty threading the electrode array via the narrow tunnel. Other difficulties encountered included use of the backup implant when an electrode was dislodged during threading via the tunnel, tip fold‐over, and facial nerve paresis (House‐Brackmann II/VI at 12 months) secondary to heat during drilling. The average time of intervention was 182 ± 36 minutes.ConclusionsMinimally invasive image‐guided CI is clinically achievable. Further clinical study is necessary to address technological difficulties during drilling and insertion, and to assess potential benefits including decreased time of intervention, standardization of surgical intervention, and decreased tissue dissection potentially leading to shorter recovery and earlier implant activation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1915–1922, 2014
A Facile Method for Preparing Porous, Optically Active, Magnetic Fe3O4@poly(N‐acryloyl‐leucine) Inverse Core/Shell Composite Microspheres
Authors: Liu Dong , Deng Jianping , Yang Wantai 
Published: November 2013

The first synthesis of porous, optically active, magnetic Fe3O4@poly(N‐acryloyl‐leucine) inverse core/shell composite microspheres is reported, in which the core is constructed of chiral polymer and the shell is constructed of Fe3O4 NPs. The microspheres integrate three significant concepts, “porosity”, “chirality”, and “magneticity”, in one single microspheric entity. The microspheres consist of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and porous optically active microspheres, and thus combine the advantages of both magnetic nanoparticles and porous optically active microspheres. The pore size and specific surface area of the microspheres are characterized by N2 adsorption, from which it is found that the composite microspheres possess a desirable porous structure. Circular dichroism and UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the microspheres exhibit the expected optical activity. The microspheres also have high saturation magnetization of 14.7 emu g–1 and rapid magnetic responsivity. After further optimization, these novel microspheres may potentially find applications in areas such as asymmetric catalysis, chiral adsorption, etc.
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Skin‐derived precursor schwann cell myelination capacity in focal tibial demyelination
Authors: Grochmal Joey , Dhaliwal Sundeep , Stys Peter K. , van Minnen Jan , Midha Rajiv 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Skin‐derived precursor cells (SKPs) are neural crest progenitor cells that can attain a Schwann cell–like phenotype through in vitro techniques (SKP‐SCs). We hypothesized that SKP‐SCs could produce mature myelin and, in doing so, facilitate the recovery of a focal demyelination injury. Methods: We unilaterally injected DiI‐labeled, green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐producing SKP‐SCs into the tibial nerves of 10 adult Lewis rats (with contralateral media control), 9 days after bilateral doxorubicin injury (0.38 μg). Tibial compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) were followed for 57 days. A separate morphometric cohort also included a Schwann cell injection group. Results: SKP‐injected nerves recovered fastest in terms of electrophysiology and morphometry. SKP‐SCs formed morphologically mature myelin, accounting for 15.3 ± 5.3% of the total myelin in SKP‐SC–injected nerves. Conclusions: SKP‐SCs are robustly capable of myelination. They improve the recovery of a focal tibial nerve demyelination model by myelinating a measured percentage of axons. Muscle Nerve 50:262–272, 2014
Perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether polymers via polycondensation of decafluorocyclohexene with bisphenols
Authors: Sharma Babloo , Hill Sarah C. , Liff Shawna M. , Pennington William T. , Smith Dennis W. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA novel class of semifluorinated perfluorocyclohexenyl (PFCH) aryl ether homo/copolymers was successfully synthesized with high yield through the step‐growth polymerization of commercially available bisphenols and decafluorocyclohexene in the presence of a triethylamine base. The synthesized polymers exhibit variable thermal properties depending on the functional spacer group (R). PFCH aryl ether copolymers with random and alternating architectures were also prepared from versatile bis‐perfluorocyclohexenyl aryl ether monomers. The PFCH polymers show high thermal stabilities with a 5% decomposition temperature ranging from 359 to 444 °C in air and nitrogen atmosphere. These semifluorinated PFCH aromatic ether polymers contain intact enchained PFCH olefin moieties, making further reactions such as crosslinking and application specific functionalization possible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 232–238
Molecule motion at polymer brush interfaces from single‐molecule experimental perspectives
Authors: Wang Shengqin , Jing Benxin , Zhu Yingxi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer brushes have been widely used as functional surface coatings for broad applications including antifouling, energy storage, and lubrications. Understanding the molecule dynamics at polymer brush interfaces is important in unraveling the structure–property relationships in these materials and establishing a new materials design paradigm of novel functional polymer thin films with efficient interfacial transport. By applying modern fluorescence‐based single‐molecule spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, molecule dynamics at varied polymer brush interfaces have been experimentally investigated in recent years. New insights are given to the understandings of some unique and unusual materials properties of polymer brush thin films. This review summarizes some recent studies of molecular diffusion at polymer brush interfaces, highlights some new understandings of the interfacial properties of polymer brushes, and discusses future research opportunities in this field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.2014, 52, 85–103
Strategy selection: An introduction to the modeling challenge
Authors: Marewski Julian N. , Link Daniela 
Published: November 2013

Modeling the mechanisms that determine how humans and other agents choose among different behavioral and cognitive processes—be they strategies, routines, actions, or operators—represents a paramount theoretical stumbling block across disciplines, ranging from the cognitive and decision sciences to economics, biology, and machine learning. By using the cognitive and decision sciences as a case study, we provide an introduction to what is also known as the strategy selection problem. First, we explain why many researchers assume humans and other animals to come equipped with a repertoire of behavioral and cognitive processes. Second, we expose three descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive challenges that are common to all disciplines which aim to model the choice among these processes. Third, we give an overview of different approaches to strategy selection. These include cost‐benefit, ecological, learning, memory, unified, connectionist, sequential sampling, and maximization approaches. We conclude by pointing to opportunities for future research and by stressing that the selection problem is far from being resolved. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:39–59. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1265This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Constraining Higgs mediated dark matter interactions
Authors: Greljo Admir , Julio J. , Kamenik Jernej F. , Smith Christopher , Zupan Jure 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe perform an analysis of Higgs portal models of dark matter (DM), where DM is light enough to contribute to invisible Higgs decays. Using effective field theory we show that DM can be a thermal relic only if there are additional light particles present with masses below a few 100 GeV. We give three concrete examples of viable Higgs portal models of light DM: (i) the SM extended by DM scalar along with an electroweak triplet and a singlet, (ii) a Two Higgs Doublet Model of type II with additional scalar DM, (iii) SM with DM and an extra scalar singlet that is lighter than DM. In all three examples the$ \mathcal{B} $(h→ invisible) constraint is not too restrictive, because it is governed by different parameters than the relic abundance. Additional light particles can have implications for flavor violation and collider searches.
Factors affecting Common Quail's Coturnix coturnix occurrence in farmland of Poland: is agriculture intensity important?
Authors: Kosicki Jakub Z. , Chylarecki Przemysław , Zduniak Piotr 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver the last four decades, the majority of European farmland birds have shown marked population declines attributed to the intensification of agriculture. The Common Quail is a widespread farmland breeder across most of Europe. Its populations have shown marked decline, particularly pronounced at the end of the previous century. Ongoing agriculture intensification may be the factor responsible for the observed declines; however, links between species occurrence and farming intensification have not been addressed so far. We analyzed factors affecting the occurrence of the Quail in Poland using data from 722 1 × 1‐km study plots and a set of 22 environmental variables, including proxies for agriculture intensification. Predictors were aggregated using PCAs and related to species presence/absence data using GAMs. The best‐supported model of the species’ occurrence included eight variables and was clearly better (AIC weight = 0.54) than other models. Quails preferred open fields, showing high photosynthetic activity in March or June, with rather low precipitation and often at relatively high altitudes (up to 900 m a.s.l.). Importantly, quails were more frequent on plots located in regions with rather high inorganic fertilizer input, and showed no avoidance of areas with a high level of agriculture mechanization. We postulate that singing male quails are attracted to areas with medium or high intensity of agriculture but it may represent a maladaptive habitat choice enhanced by changing agriculture practices and peculiarities of the quail's breeding strategy. Given the results, the quail cannot be classified as a good indicator of extensive traditional agriculture.
Responses of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in rice grain (Oryza sativa L.) to an increase in air temperature during grain filling in the Japanese archipelago
Authors: Akamatsu Fumikazu , Suzuki Yaeko , Nakashita Rumiko , Korenaga Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStable isotopic compositions of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) in plants reflect growth conditions. Therefore, these isotopes might be good indicators of changes in environmental factors, such as variations in air temperature caused by climate change. It is predicted that climate change will lead to a greater increase in minimum air temperatures (primarily during the night) than in maximum air temperatures (primarily during the day) in many parts of Japan. In the present study, we investigated whether the δ13C and δ18O of the rice grain Koshihikari (Oryza sativa L.) from the northern latitudes (30.49°–37.14°) of Japan reflect variations in air temperature during grain filling and are related to the yield and proportion of first‐grade rice (<15 % transparency, roundness, and cracking) as an indicator of quality. We revealed that rice δ13C was not correlated with mean maximum or minimum air temperatures for each prefecture. By contrast, rice δ18O was positively correlated with mean minimum air temperature, suggesting that rice δ18O reflects changes in night air temperature. We further showed that an increase in the mean minimum air temperature during grain filling had a negative effect on rice yield and quality. Our findings indicate that the δ18O of rice grain may be a good indicator of physiological changes in response to minimum air temperatures during grain filling.