bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing organisational culture: another role for self-advocacy?
Authors: Miller Robin 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Improvements in organisational culture are a common recommendation of enquiries into system failure and an aspiration of policy. The purpose of this paper is to explore an initiative to change culture in a low-secure service through the introduction of a self-advocacy group.

Design/methodology/approach
– An independent evaluation was carried out by a university research team. A theory-based methodology was deployed with qualitative data gathered through observations, interviews and focus groups.

Findings
– Culture change was reported by senior managers and clinicians in relation to the transparency of the service, decision making regarding resources, and engagement of patients in redesign. Self-advocacy group members reported a different relationship with senior management which in turn enabled greater influence in the organisation. Achieving these impacts relied on independent and skilled external facilitation, support from senior managers, and a calm and democratic atmosphere in the meetings. Ward staff were kept at an arms-length from the group and were less certain that it had made any difference to the way in which the ward operated.

Research limitations/implications
– The research was only based in one organisation and the impacts of the initiative may vary with a different local context. Research in a wider sample of organisations and culture change initiatives will provide greater insights.

Practical implications
– Self-advocacy groups can lead to organisation culture change alongside benefits for individual group members but require funding, external and independent facilitation, and organisational endorsement and support.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to the limited literature regarding culture change in secure services and services for people with a learning disability in general and also to the understanding of the impact of self-advocacy groups.
A commentary on “First-hand experience of accessible information”
Authors: Buell Susan 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Mander's paper on people with learning disabilities’ first-hand experience of accessible information.

Design/methodology/approach
– The commentary reflects on some of the findings presented by Mander and builds on these, with particular emphasis on what it means to understand information.

Findings
– Everything from initial product design to building capacity and constructing knowledge requires expertise and attention to detail.

Originality/value
– There are no easy fix solutions to achieving understanding of information for people who have learning disabilities.
Inbound event tourism attendees: a group qualities-values approach at destination
Authors: Hamilton John R. , Tee Singwhat , Prideaux Murray C. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The inbound event tourists drawn to an Australian destination to participate in one of 14 annual international auto racing (AR) events can be sectioned to release each group’s behavioural perspectives around their tourism-related impacts on the destination. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Inbound event tourists attending the destination are surveyed during the three-day major event. Each respondent displays non-uniform, personally driven agendas and varying degrees of local tourism acceptance.

Findings
– Inbound event tourists self-select into one of six psychologically framed AR sport groupings, and exhibit micro-differences that can then be used to align local tourism around future.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors do not consider locals attending this international series AR event, but project their destination tourism and event impacts to be less than those of inbound event tourists. Totally, 90 per cent of inbound AR event tourists each fit one of six motive groups and each group exhibits behaviours, decision-making and spending patterns which can be later optimized in preparation for the destination’s next major event.

Practical implications
– AR attendees self-select into just one behavioural attendance motive. Group approaches unlock new understanding of event attendees and their behaviours. Inbound event tourists spend 2 to 1 on the destination’s tourism vs its major event. Destinations targeting inbound event tourists should grow their spend ratio by bundling local tourism offerings into short length-of-stay requirements offering conservatively priced (under $100/activity), adventure focused, tourism options.

Originality/value
– This study links inbound event tourist groupings; acquisitions; stay patterns and spending. It captures the economic components and their relative impact on the destination. By combining all the sub-groups of inbound (and local) AR event attendees, a better representation of their economic impact on the destination can be determined.
Chronic anthropogenic disturbance drives the biological impoverishment of the Brazilian Caatinga vegetation
Authors: Ribeiro Elâine M. S. , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Santos Bráulio A. , Tabarelli Marcelo , Leal Inara R. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn addition to acute transformations of ecosystems caused by deforestation, old‐growth forests world‐wide are being increasingly altered by low‐intensity but chronic human disturbance. Overgrazing and the continuous extraction of forest products are important drivers of chronic disturbance, which can lead to the gradual local extinction of species and the alteration of vegetation structure.We tested this hypothesis in the Brazilian Caatinga vegetation, one of the most species‐rich and populated semi‐arid regions of the world. Using a multimodel averaging approach, we examined the impact of five recognized indicators of chronic disturbance (i.e. proximity to urban centre, houses, roads, density of people and livestock) on the diversity, abundance and evenness of 30 woody plant communities. We separately tested the response of seedlings, saplings and adults to identify the ontogenetic stages that are most susceptible to chronic disturbance.We recorded over 11 000 individuals belonging to 51 plant species. As expected, most indicators of chronic disturbance were negatively related to species diversity and stem abundance, with a variable effect on community evenness. The density of people and density of livestock were the main factors driving changes in plant communities, with a stronger negative impact on seedling and sapling diversities. Species composition also varied significantly with disturbance indicators, irrespective of ontogeny.Our results show the potential negative impact that chronic disturbance can have on Caatinga plant assemblages and highlight the fact that disturbance resulting from an extractivism‐based and subsistence economy are probably driving old‐growth forest stands towards shrub‐dominated secondary stands.Synthesis and applications. These findings indicate that chronic disturbance should not continue to be neglected and we argue for: (i) research and rural programmes able to support better practices in terms of land use and sustainable exploitation of forest resources, (ii) improved governance and law enforcement to shift extractivism towards sustainable standards, and (iii) expanding the coverage and effective implementation of strictly protected areas.
Safety of vaccination against influenza A (H1N1) during pregnancy in the Netherlands: results on pregnancy outcomes and infant's health: cross‐sectional linkage study
Authors: van der Maas N , Dijs‐Elsinga J , Kemmeren J , van Lier A , Knol M , de Melker H 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the safety of Influenza A(H1N1), vaccination administered during the second and third trimester and containing MF59 and thiomersal (Focetria®), measured by pregnancy outcomes and infant's health.DesignCross‐sectional linkage study.Setting and sampleA sample of pregnant women, eligible for prenatal screening, were invited to participate.MethodsQuestionnaire data were linked with the Netherlands Perinatal Registry (n = 1920). Information on infant growth, development (n = 1739) and infection‐related contacts with the general practitioner (GP) during the first year of life (n = 1671) was obtained.Main outcome measuresMultivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between H1N1 vaccination and small‐for‐gestational‐age infant, preterm delivery and a composite adverse outcome, i.e. low Apgar‐score, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal resuscitation or perinatal death. Influence of maternal vaccination on growth, development and GP infection‐related contact rates were assessed using multivariate linear mixed modelling and multivariate negative binomial regression, respectively.ResultsResponse rate was 21%. Though we found differences in characteristics between unvaccinated and vaccinated women, in the multivariate analyses no association was found between H1N1 vaccination and small‐for‐gestational‐age (odds ratio [OR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.50–1.43), preterm delivery (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.59–1.62) and the composite adverse outcome (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.44–1.60). We found no differences in weight‐for‐age (−0.05; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.04), length‐for‐age (−0.01; 95% CI −0.09 to 0.06), head‐circumference‐for‐age (−0.05; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.03), developmental scores (−0.06; 95% CI −0.28 to 0.17) and infection‐related GP contact rates (incidence rate ratio 1.07; 95% CI 0.91–1.28) between infants of unvaccinated and vaccinated mothers.ConclusionPregnancy outcomes did not differ between H1N1‐vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Furthermore, growth, development and GP infection‐related contact rates, assessed after the first year of life, were similar in offspring of vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers.Tweetable abstractNo increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant's health following influenza vaccination.
The effects of mode delivery on postpartum sexual function: a prospective study
Authors: De Souza A , Dwyer PL , Charity M , Thomas E , Ferreira CHJ , Schierlitz L 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of mode of delivery and perineal injury on sexual function at 6 and 12 months postpartum.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary women's hospital in Melbourne, Australia.PopulationA cohort of 440 primigravid women.MethodsThe Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was completed at first visit (7–19 weeks of gestation), and at 6 and 12 months postpartum.Main outcome measuresA statistically significant difference in total FSFI or domain scores over time according to mode of delivery or perineal injury.ResultsIn this cohort 54% of women had a normal vaginal delivery, 21% had an instrumental delivery, and 25% gave birth by caesarean section. No difference was found in total FSFI or domain scores according to mode of delivery over time between antenatal assessment and 12 months postpartum. Pain was decreased in the caesarean group only at 6 months postpartum. All groups showed pain scores at 12 months that were comparable with antenatal levels. For those who gave birth vaginally, 27% had an intact perineum, 50% had an episiotomy, and 6%, 14%, and 3% had first, second, and third‐degree tears, respectively. The only differences between groups were found over time according to perineal injury at 6 months in the arousal domain. At 12 months, total FSFI and domain scores were no different to initial scores.ConclusionsAt 12 months postpartum sexual function has returned to early pregnancy levels, irrespective of mode of delivery or perineal injury.
Climate Smart Agriculture? Assessing the Adaptation Implications in Zambia
Authors: Arslan Aslihan , McCarthy Nancy , Lipper Leslie , Asfaw Solomon , Cattaneo Andrea , Kokwe Misael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe examine a set of potentially climate smart agricultural practices, including reduced tillage, crop rotation and legume intercropping, combined with the use of improved seeds and inorganic fertiliser, for their effects on maize yields in Zambia. We use panel data from the Rural Incomes and Livelihoods Surveys merged with a novel set of climatic variables based on geo‐referenced historical rainfall and temperature data to explore the changing effects of these practices with climatic conditions. We estimate the impacts on maize yields, and also on the exhibition of very low yields and yield shortfalls from average levels, as indicators of resilience, while controlling for household characteristics. We find that minimum soil disturbance and crop rotation have no significant impact on these yield outcomes, but that legume intercropping significantly increases yields and reduces the probability of low yields even under critical weather stress during the growing season. We also find that the average positive impacts of modern input use (seeds and fertilisers) are significantly conditioned by climatic variables. Timely access to fertiliser emerges as one of the most robust determinants of yields and their resilience. These results have policy implications for targeted interventions to improve the productivity and the resilience of smallholder agriculture in Zambia in the face of climate change.
Responses in gut microbiota and fat metabolism to a halogenated methane analogue in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Su Yong , Luo Yu‐Heng , Zhang Ling‐Li , Smidt Hauke , Zhu Wei‐Yun 
Published: March 2015

SummaryRecent studies on germ‐free mice show that intestinal methanogens may be closely associated with host's adipose metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate effects of inhibition of intestinal methanogen populations on host fat metabolism by establishing a healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model through the intragastric administration of bromochlordomethane (BCM). Forty‐five 8‐week old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups including one control and four BCM treatments. The experiment lasted 60 days with two separate 30‐day experimental periods. At the end of first period, three BCM treatment groups were further used: one group continued with BCM treatment, one group stopped with BCM treatment, and the other one inoculated with faecal mixture of methanogens from rats. Results showed that the methanogen population in feces was reduced sixfold with no effect on the bacterial community by daily dosing with BCM. Daily gain, epididymal fat pad weight, levels of plasma low‐density lipoprotein and cholesterol were significantly higher in the BCM‐treated animals, while the high‐density lipoprotein was lower than that of the control. The expression of PPARγ, LPL, PP2A, SREBP‐1c, ChREBP, FASN and adiponectin genes in BCM treatment group was universally upregulated, while the expression of Fiaf gene was downregulated. After termination of BCM treatment and followed either with or without re‐inocubation with faecal methanogen mixture, the rats had their faecal methanogen populations, blood parameters and gene expression returned to the original level. Results suggest that regulation of gut methanogens might be a possible approach to control host body weight.
The application of nitric oxide to control biofouling of membrane bioreactors
Authors: Luo Jinxue , Zhang Jinsong , Barnes Robert J. , Tan Xiaohui , McDougald Diane , Fane Anthony G. , Zhuang Guoqiang , Kjelleberg Staffan , Cohen Yehuda , Rice Scott A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA novel strategy to control membrane bioreactor (MBR) biofouling using the nitric oxide (NO) donor compound PROLI NONOate was examined. When the biofilm was pre‐established on membranes at transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 88–90 kPa, backwashing of the membrane module with 80 μM PROLI NONOate for 45 min once daily for 37 days reduced the fouling resistance (Rf) by 56%. Similarly, a daily, 1 h exposure of the membrane to 80 μM PROLI NONOate from the commencement of MBR operation for 85 days resulted in reduction of the TMP and Rf by 32.3% and 28.2%. The microbial community in the control MBR was observed to change from days 71 to 85, which correlates with the rapid TMP increase. Interestingly, NO‐treated biofilms at 85 days had a higher similarity with the control biofilms at 71 days relative to the control biofilms at 85 days, indicating that the NO treatment delayed the development of biofilm bacterial community. Despite this difference, sequence analysis indicated that NO treatment did not result in a significant shift in the dominant fouling species. Confocal microscopy revealed that the biomass of biopolymers and microorganisms in biofilms were all reduced on the PROLI NONOate‐treated membranes, where there were reductions of 37.7% for proteins and 66.7% for microbial cells, which correlates with the reduction in TMP. These results suggest that NO treatment could be a promising strategy to control biofouling in MBRs.
Review of MRI wrist examination since introduction of Medicare item number
Authors: Jones Brendan J. , Sinnamon Mark 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Australian Health Department provided extended rebatable requesting rights to general practitioners in 2012 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in patients less than 16 years of age for a small set of clinically appropriate indications. Included item numbers 63522 and 63523 ‘referral by a medical practitioner (excluding a specialist and consultant physician) for a scan of wrist following radiographic examination where scaphoid fracture is suspected‘. The aim of this study is to evaluate MRI examinations of suspected scaphoid fractures in the paediatric population following the Medicare item number introduction.MethodsReview of 60 consecutive MR wrist examinations requested by general practitioners and performed between 30 November 2012 and 16 July 2014 for a rebatable magnet in a private clinical setting. The indication for all studies was to exclude a clinically suspected fractured scaphoid following a normal radiograph. All patients were less than 16 years of age at time of examination.ResultsSixty examinations were performed; 51 revealed pathology (85% of cases) with nine normal examinations (15%). Twenty‐nine studies revealed one of more fractures involving the carpals, metacarpals or distal radius. In total, 41 fractures were identified on MRI examination with 29 carpal bone fractures, six distal radius fractures and six metacarpal fractures.ConclusionsThe results highlight the sensitivity of MR wrist examination and its diagnostic benefit in clinically suspected paediatric scaphoid fractures. In addition, it reflects the prudent referral nature of general practitioners.
Structural Quality Indicators to Support Quality of Care for Older People With Cognitive Impairment in Emergency Departments
Authors: Schnitker Linda M. , Martin‐Khan Melinda , Burkett Ellen , Brand Caroline A. , Beattie Elizabeth R. A. , Jones Richard N. , Gray Len C. ,   The Research Collaboration for Quality Care of Older Persons: Emergency Care Panel
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the structural quality of care domains and to establish a set of structural quality indicators (SQIs) for the assessment of care of older people with cognitive impairment in emergency departments (EDs).MethodsA structured approach to SQI development was undertaken including: 1) a comprehensive search of peer‐reviewed and gray literature focusing on identification of evidence‐based interventions targeting structure of care of older patients with cognitive impairment and existing SQIs; 2) a consultative process engaging experts in the care of older people and epidemiologic methods (i.e., advisory panel) leading to development of a draft set of SQIs; 3) field testing of drafted SQIs in eight EDs, leading to refinement of the SQI set; and 4) an independent voting process among the panelists for SQI inclusion in a final set, using preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsAt the conclusion of the process, five SQIs targeting the management of older ED patients with cognitive impairment were developed: 1) the ED has a policy outlining the management of older people with cognitive impairment during the ED episode of care; 2) the ED has a policy outlining issues relevant to carers of older people with cognitive impairment, encompassing the need to include the (family) carer in the ED episode of care; 3) the ED has a policy outlining the assessment and management of behavioral symptoms, with specific reference to older people with cognitive impairment; 4) the ED has a policy outlining delirium prevention strategies, including the assessment of patients’ delirium risk factors; and 5) the ED has a policy outlining pain assessment and management for older people with cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThis article presents a set of SQIs for the evaluation of performance in caring for older people with cognitive impairment in EDs.
Cutaneous manifestations of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: A case series highlighting the diagnostic challenges for this heterogeneous group
Authors: Wallett Arabella , Ibbetson Jan S , Kearney Daniel , Newland Kate , Sidhu Shireen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPeripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) is a rare, heterogeneous group of nodal and extranodal mature T‐cell lymphomas that do not correspond to any of the defined T‐cell entities, according to the World Health Organization classification. Most cases present with late stage nodal disease; however extranodal involvement is common. Skin and subcutaneous involvement is reported in approximately 20% of cases. Little attention has been given to the highly variable skin manifestations in the literature. It is our experience that lesions can present in ways other than previously described nodular or tumourous lesions that often ulcerate. We present a case series from a large tertiary institution of seven cases of PTCL, NOS with skin involvement, highlighting the variable presentations and diagnostic challenges for this heterogeneous group.
Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma of the scalp
Authors: Chan Hsien , Howard Vicki , Moir Denis , Dyall‐Smith Delwyn 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn 85‐year‐old man presented with an ulcerated pruritic nodule on the scalp. Histology of a deep curette specimen showed the typical features of a squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma: superficial squamous differentiation and deep ductal structures.
The rising trend in allergic contact dermatitis to acrylic nail products
Authors: Le Quynh , Cahill Jennifer , Palmer‐Le Amanda , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: March 2015

AbstractShellac is a newly available type of long‐wearing nail polish, which is becoming increasingly popular. We describe four cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to acrylates found in Shellac nail products, involving three beauticians and one consumer who purchased the product over the internet. Increasing use of these new acrylic nail products means that dermatologists need to be aware of the possibility of ACD occurring. Testing with hydroxyethyl methacrylate alone, which is included in the Australian Baseline Series, is adequate for screening for acrylate allergy.