bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously developed, solitary endometriosis of the umbilicus
Authors: Sato Shimpei , Nasu Kaei , Iwanaga Naoko , Furukawa Yuichi , Matsumoto Harunobu , Narahara Hisashi 
Published: October 2012

Purpose Endometriosis of the umbilicus is rare, with the most common site being laparoscopy scars. We report here a case of spontaneously developed, solitary umbilical endometriosis, not associated with a surgical scar, that was successfully treated with local excision. Case A 44-year-old Japanese woman was admitted complaining of an umbilical mass with cyclic pain, associated with her menstrual cycle. She had noticed the umbilical pain six months earlier. She had not received an abdominal operation or hormonal treatment. Abdominal examination revealed an index-finger-tip-sized, dome-shaped, painful, subcutaneous mass beneath the umbilicus with slightly brownish skin. Gynecologic examination showed a fibroid uterus of double-fist size. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subcutaneous mass beneath the umbilicus 1.5 cm in diameter. The umbilical mass was revealed to be high intensity with a small low-intensity area by both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, suggesting umbilical endometriosis. The patient was treated by local excision of the umbilical mass, and full excision was achieved. Total hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy were performed simultaneously to treat the uterine fibroid. The pathologic diagnosis of the excised umbilical tissue was endometriosis. Endometriotic or adenomyotic lesion was not detected in the resected uterine and tubo-ovarian tissues. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist administration for six months was commenced after the surgical treatment. The patient is doing well without evidence of disease four months after surgery. Conclusion Spontaneously developed umbilical endometriosis is rare. Simultaneous laparoscopy or laparotomy should be considered to assess co-existent pelvic endometriosis at the time of surgical treatment in selected cases.
The Management of Malfunctioning Prosthetic Arteriovenous Accesses by Interventional Nephrologists and Surgeons: A Retrospective Comparison of Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Iglesias Roberto C. , Cull David L. , Carsten Christopher G. , Jones Yonge R. , Keahey Gail P. , Johnson Brent L. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To compare the outcomes of arteriovenous grafts (AVG) managed by interventional nephrologists (IN) to those managed by vascular surgeons (VS). Methods Between January 2004 and February 2005, 106 forearm loop AVG were placed. Ten AVG did not meet inclusion criteria and thus were excluded from study. Forty-seven AVG were managed by IN using percutaneous interventional techniques. Vascular surgeons, using surgical techniques, cared for 49 AVG. High-risk AVG in the IN group were surveyed with fistulagrams, whereas AVG in the VS group were not. Outcomes of the IN and VS groups were retrospectively compared. Results The secondary patency rates at 6 and 18 months were 84% and 69% in the IN group and 79% and 68% in the VS group, respectively ( P=.38). Twenty-five (53%) AVG in the IN required at least one surgical procedure to achieve a patency equivalent to that of the VS group. The mean number of AVG interventions to final failure was 4.8 in the IN group and 3.0 in the VS group ( P=.03). Infection requiring AVG removal occurred in six patients in the IN group and one patient in the VS group ( P=.07). Conclusions Surveillance fistulagrams and percutaneous intervention for malfunctioning AVG by IN do not provide superior patency and may require more interventions over the “life” of the graft when compared to no surveillance and surgical intervention by VS. In order to achieve optimal vascular access outcomes, a collaborative relationship between nephrologist and surgeon is essential so as to ensure that the most appropriate intervention is selected and futile interventions are avoided.
Image-Guided Placement of Port Catheters: Is There an Increased Risk of Infection if the Port is Immediately Accessed and Used?
Authors: Salazar Gloria , Yeddula Kalpana , Wicky Stephan , Oklu Ramhi , Ganguli Suvranu , Waltman Arthur C. , Walker Thomas G , Kalva Sanjeeva P. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To compare complication rates in patients who have port-a-catheters inserted and left accessed for immediate use and those who have ports inserted but not accessed. Methods In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, medical records of patients who received a port catheter between 9/2009 and 2/2010 were reviewed. The data collected included patient demographics, diagnosis, procedure and complications. The patients were categorized into two groups: accessed (patients in whom the port was accessed with a Huber needle for immediate intravenous use and the patient left the procedure area with needle indwelling) and control (patients in whom the ports were not accessed). Complications were classified according to Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. Results are given as mean ±SD. Statistical analysis was performed with student t test and statistical significance was considered at P<.05. Results A total of 467 ports were placed in 465 patients (Men: 206); 10.7% in the accessed group (n=50, age: 60±13.9) and 89.3% in the control group (n=417, age: 59±13.5). There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics between the groups. The overall complication rate was 0.6% (n=3). Two complications (hematoma causing skin necrosis and thrombosis of the port) occurred in the control group and one (infection) in the accessed group. Infection rates after procedures were 2% (1/50) in the accessed group and 0% (0/417) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in overall complication (P=.1) and infection (P=.1) rates among the groups. Conclusions Leaving the port accessed immediately after placement does not increase the risk of infection or other complications.
Screening and Characterization of Luminescent Bacterial Strain
Authors: Uzma Badar  , Erum Shoeb  , Komal Daredia  , Durr-e-Shawar  , Jameela Akhtar  , Maqsood A. Ansari  
Published: October 2012

Several samples of sea water and sea organisms were collected for the isolation of luminescent bacterial strain. The samples were collected from Clifton, Hawksbay, fisheri at Landhi and Jeti at Korangi, Karachi, Pakistan, the sea organisms such as Crab, Prawn, Fish, Eel, Fish Gut, Electric Fish were collected. Three different media were used for enrichment of samples that is BOSS, Luminescent Agar (LA) and nutrient broth. A total of twenty one different bacterial strains were selected for further studies on the basis of different colonial morphologies. They were designated as DGU101 to DGU116, DGU221-DGU224 and DGU227. These strains were checked for luminescent and tolerance against antibiotics and heavy metal salts. Only one strain isolated from sea water (Clifton beach) designated as DGU227 showed luminescent on Luminescent Agar (LA) medium. It also exhibited multiple metal and antibiotic resistances. The two large plasmids were isolated from DGU227 which were more than 10 kb in size. The luminescence, growth, quorum sensing phenomenon of bioluminescent bacteria is affected by the presence of metal and antibiotics in environment, which act as inducer, and substrate in activating and enhancing these natural activities. Mostly Luminescent was observed after 24 hours of incubation it enhanced while growing in presence of antibiotic Ampicillin. The strain DGU227 was further identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis and exhibited 98% homology with Vibrio chigassi bacterial strain.
Prenatal Nutrition and Fetal Macrosomia in Medically Underserved Areas
Authors: Inegbenebor Ute , Ebomoyi Maureen 
Published: October 2012

Though fetal Macrosomia is often defined as a condition in which the fetus is 4000 grams or more in weight, controversy exists on the exact birth weight that can be used as a bench mark. Fetal macrosomia creates several diagnostic and management difficulties in developed countries. The difficulties experienced by birth attendants in medically underserved areas in developing countries are probably much more. The development of fetal macrosomia is therefore preferably prevented. This article draws attention to observed nutritional habits in Nigeria that are capable of escalating the prevalence of fetal macrosomia in areas that are least equipped to deal the associated complications. Nutritionally dependent prevention strategies that could reduce the incidence of fetal macrosomia in medically underserved areas are suggested.
La Ciencia Documental como garantía de la Verdad Periodística
Authors: Parra Pujante Antonio 
Published: October 2012

En mitad del bosque de datos y de información que los nuevos medios informativos y tecnologías de la comunicación han traído al mundo globalizado actual, el periodismo tradicional y de calidad emerge como garantía de verificación y reflejo científico y objetivo de la realidad. Sin embargo, para ello, necesita un plus de precisión que, entre otras, pueden proporcionarle las herramientas de la Documentación, ciencia que, a la vez, resuelve sus problemas gnoseológicos y facilita su estatuto epistemológico.En mitad del bosque de datos y de información que los nuevos medios informativos y tecnologías de la comunicación han traído al mundo globalizado actual, el periodismo tradicional y de calidad emerge como garantía de verificación y reflejo científico y objetivo de la realidad. Sin embargo, para ello, necesita un plus de precisión que, entre otras, pueden proporcionarle las herramientas de la Documentación, ciencia que, a la vez, resuelve sus problemas gnoseológicos y facilita su estatuto epistemológico.
Traitement intégré de la comorbidité toxicomanie et santé mentale chez les populations urbaines : la situation montréalaise
Authors: Dubreucq Simon , Chanut Florence , Jutras-Aswad Didier 
Published: October 2012

La prévalence des patients qui présentent une problématique psychiatrique et de toxicomanie (dits troubles concomitants) est élevée. Montréal, comme d’autres grands centres urbains, est un lieu d’accueil pour un nombre élevé d’entre eux. Malgré la disponibilité des ressources pour traiter chacune de ces affections, il y avait jusqu’à récemment un manque de programmes qui offraient des modalités de traitement intégré. Au cours des dernières années, le Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM) a mis en oeuvre un tel programme pour répondre aux besoins multiples d’une population vulnérable à maints égards, en plus d’être marginalisée. Dans cet article, les auteurs présentent la problématique du « double diagnostic » et son ampleur, les modèles d’intervention existants et les obstacles à l’obtention des soins pour les personnes qui souffrent de troubles concomitants. Les auteurs décrivent les étapes qui ont mené à l’instauration d’une Unité de psychiatrie des toxicomanies au CHUM, et les défis liés à la création d’un modèle d’intervention multidisciplinaire intégré en milieu urbain.
Surface Modification, Characterization and Photocatalytic Performance of Nano-Sized Titania Modified with Silver and Bentonite Clay
Authors: Divya Neetu , Bansal Ajay , Jana Asim K. 
Published: October 2012

In many textile industries dyes are used as coloring agents. Advanced oxidation processes are used for degrading or removing color from dye baths. Catalysts play a key role in these industries for the treatment of water. Solid catalysts are usually composed of metals that form supports onto the surface and create metal particles with high surface areas. TiO2 composites containing transition metal ions (silver) and/or bentonite clay were prepared. Photocatalytic efficiencies have been investigated for the degradation of Orange G an azo dye. Various analytical techniques were used to characterize the surface properties of nano-sized titania modified using silver and/or bentonite clay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analyses showed that TiO2 (10 ± 2 nm) and Ag (2 to 3 nm) particles were supported on the surface of the bentonite clay and the size was in the range of 100 ± 2 nm. The modified catalysts P-25 TiO2/Bentonite/Ag and P-25 TiO2/Ag were found to be very active for the photocatalytic decomposition of Orange G. The percent decolorization in 60 min was 98% with both P-25 TiO2/Ag and P-25 TiO2/Bentonite/Ag modified catalysts. Whereas mineralization achieved in 9 hr were 68% and 71% with P-25 TiO2/Bentonite/Ag and P-25 TiO2/Ag catalyst respectively. © 2009 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Transport of Carbonate Ions by Novel Cellulose Fiber Supported Solid Membrane
Authors: Gaikwad A. G. 
Published: October 2012

Transport of carbonate ions was explored through fiber supported solid membrane. A novel fiber supported solid membrane was prepared by chemical modification of cellulose fiber with citric acid, 2′2-bipyridine and magnesium carbonate. The factors affecting the permeability of carbonate ions such as immobilization of citric acid-magnesium metal ion -2′2-bipyridine complex (0 to 2.5 mmol/g range) over cellulose fiber, carbon-ate ion concentration in source phase and NaOH concentration in receiving phase were investigated. Ki-netic of carbonate, sulfate, and nitrate ions was investigated through fiber supported solid membrane. Transport of carbonate ions with/without bubbling of CO2 (0 to 10 ml/min) in source phase was explored from source to receiving phase. The novel idea is to explore the adsorptive transport of CO2 from source to receiving phase through cellulose fiber containing magnesium metal ion organic framework. © 2012 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Computation and Theoretical Methods, Introduction
Authors: Sanchez Juan M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter of the second edition of Characterization of Materials is aimed at complementing and providing the basic theoretical and computational underpinnings for the experimental techniques and tools presented throughout the volume. Historically, theoretical understanding of materials properties has been a prerequisite for the development of experimental tools and, as such, there is an inextricable connection between theory and experimentation. The collection of papers in this chapter is aimed at providing some of the fundamental principles behind the characterization tools presented throughout the volume and the interpretation of the results they produce. Beyond that objective, the chapter also aims at revealing the extent to which modeling and simulation have evolved over the last few decades. Materials theory, modeling, and simulation have evolved past their traditional role of providing general guiding principles and the basis for rationalizing and understanding materials properties. At present, modeling and simulation have achieved a high level of predictive capability for a wealth of materials properties, making them almost indispensable tools to materials scientists and engineers.
Bonding in Metals
Authors: Watson Richard E. , Weinert Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe conditions controlling alloy phase formation have been of concern for a long time, even in the period prior to the advent of the first computer‐based electronic structure calculations in the 1950s. In those days, the role of such factors as atomic size and valence were considered, and significant insight was gained, associated with names such as Hume‐Rothery. In recent times, electronic structure calculations have yielded the total energies of systems, and hence the heats of formation of competing real and hypothetical phases. Doing this accurately has become of increasing importance as the groups capable of thermodynamic measurements have dwindled in number.This article concentrates on the alloys of the transition metals and considers both the old and the new. In the first part, some of the ideas concerning metallic bonding that derive from the early days are inspected. Many of these ideas are still applicable and offer insights into alloy phase behavior that are computationally cheaper, and in some cases rather different, from those obtainable from detailed computation. In the second part, the present‐day total‐energy calculations are presented. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental heats of formation are not made, because the spreads between experimental heats and their computed counterparts are not altogether satisfying for metallic systems. Instead, the factors controlling the accuracy of the computational methods and the precision with which they are carried out are inspected. All too often, consideration of computational costs leads to results that are less precisely defined than is needed.
Molecular‐Dynamics Simulation of Surface Phenomena
Authors: Rahman Talat S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMolecular‐dynamics (MD) simulation is a well‐developed numerical technique that involves the use of a suitable algorithm to solve the classical equations of motion for atoms interacting with a known interatomic potential. This method has been used for several decades now to illustrate and understand the temperature and pressure dependencies of dynamical phenomena in liquids, solids, and liquid‐solid interfaces.MD simulation techniques are also well suited for studying surface phenomena, as they provide a qualitative understanding of surface structure and dynamics. This article considers the use of MD techniques to better understand surface disorder and premelting. Specifically, it examines the temperature dependence of structure and vibrational dynamics at surfaces of face‐centered cubic (fcc) metals‐mainly Ag, Cu, and Ni. It also makes contact with results from other theoretical and experimental methods.While the emphasis in this article is on metal surfaces, the MD technique has been applied over the years to a wide variety of surfaces including those of semiconductors, insulators, alloys, glasses, and simple or binary liquids. A full review of the pros and cons of the method as applied to these very interesting systems is beyond the scope of this article. However, it is worth pointing out that the success of the classical MD simulation depends to a large extent on the exactness with which the forces acting on the ion cores can be determined. On semiconductor and insulator surfaces, the success of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations has made them more suitable for such calculations rather than classical MD simulations.
Magnetism In Alloys
Authors: Razee S. S. A. , Pinski F. J. , Staunton J. B. , Johnson D. D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article reviews first‐principles theoretical works that describe the properties of metallic magnetic materials containing ferromagnetic transition metals (Fe, Co and Ni) as a component. We discuss magnetism and its relation to the structure and composition of the alloys in the ground state as well as at finite temperatures. The magnetic phase transition, the Curie temperature and other parameters can be calculated from first‐principles theories and we detail some of the results. The relationship between the magnetism and atomic short range order also has been discussed. Finally, we have discussed the calculation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy of alloys as well as its relationship with atomic short‐range order.
Computation of Diffuse Intensities in Alloys
Authors: Johnson Duane D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDiffuse intensities in alloys are measured by a variety of techniques, such as x‐ray,electron and neutron scattering. Above a structural phase transformation boundary, typically in the solid‐solution phasewhere most materials processing takes place, the diffuse intensities yield valuable information regarding analloy's tendency to order. This has been a main stay characterization technique for binary alloys for over a half a century. Although multicomponent metallic alloys are the most technologically important, they also pose a great experimental and theoretical challenge. For this reason, a vast majority of experimental and theoretical effort has been on binary systems, and most investigated “ternary” systems are either limited to a small percentage of ternary solute (say, to investigate electron‐per‐atom effects) or they are pseudo‐binary systems.This article discusses an electronic‐based theoretical method for calculating the structural ordering in multicomponent alloys and understanding the electronic origin for this chemical ordering behavior. This theory is based on the ideas of concentration waves using a modern electronic‐structure method. We give examples that show how we determined the electronic origin behind the unusual ordering behavior in a few binary and ternary alloy systems that were not understood prior to our work. The theoretical approach is compared to other complimentary techniques for completeness. In addition, some details are given about the theory and its underpinnings. In particular, it has been explained only recently how important a proper representation of charge density is when applying various approximations to represent ordered and, especially, disordered alloys, which we provide some examples.
Mechanical Testing, Introduction
Authors: Abbaschian Reza 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Basic mechanical property and materials strength measurements are obtained by standardized mechanical tests, many of which are described in this chapter. Each article in this chapter not only covers details, principles, and practical aspects of the various tests, but also provides comprehensive reference to the standard procedures and sample geometries dictated by the ASTM or other standards agencies. This chapter also covers additional mechanical testing techniques such as high‐strain‐rate testing, measurements under pressure, and tribological and wear testing. As such, the chapter covers a broad spectrum of techniques used to assess materials behavior in a variety of engineering applications.
Thermal Analysis, Introduction
Authors: Cook Lawrence P. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Thermal analysis includes a number of important techniques which have in common the characterization of materials by describing their properties, or changes in their properties, as a function of temperature and time. In this chapter the authors summarize techniques that can be used for characterization of many of the thermochemical and thermophysical properties important in materials research and development. These properties include thermal stability, enthalpy of reaction, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity, temperature and enthalpy of phase changes and phase transitions, equilibrium as a function of partial pressure of gaseous species, mass fraction of volatile components, and thermal diffusivity. Additionally, quantitative kinetic information regarding rates of many materials processes, such as phase changes or devolatization, can be obtained using appropriate methods.
Simultaneous Techniques Including Analysis of Gaseous Products
Authors: Lineberry Quentin , Pan Wei‐Ping 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSimultaneous techniques utilize the application of two or more techniques to the same sample at the same time. This technique has greatly improved the understanding of numerous materials. One of the most common forms of a simultaneous technique is the combination of thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry or differential thermal analysis to produce a simultaneous DTA/DSC‐TGA (SDT). This combination allows the weight and heat flow of a material to be monitored simultaneously. Another simultaneous technique that is widely used is the analysis of gaseous products, which is commonly referred to as evolved gas analysis (EGA). EGA usually employs a mass spectrometer or an infrared spectrometer combined to a thermal analysis instrument. This setup allows the gasses to be monitored as they are evolved. This article details the SDT and EGA techniques and provides references to more detailed descriptions.