bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Licensing the future: report on BioMed Central’s public consultation on open data in peer-reviewed journals
Authors: Hrynaszkiewicz Iain , Busch Stefan , Cockerill Matthew J 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We report the outcomes of BioMed Central’s public consultation on implementing open data-compliant licensing in peer-reviewed open access journals. Respondents (42) to the 2012 consultation were six to one in favor (29 in support; 5 against; 8 abstentions) of changing our authors’ default open access copyright license agreement, to introduce the Creative Commons CC0 public domain waiver for data published in BioMed Central’s journals. We summarize the different questions we received in response to the consultation and our responses to them – matters such as citation, plagiarism, patient privacy, and commercial use were raised. In light of the support for open data in our journals we outline our plans to implement, in September 2013, a combined Creative Commons Attribution license for published articles (papers) and Creative Commons CC0 waiver for published data.
Dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities of two metallothionein-like proteins from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam. ‘Tainong 57’) storage roots
Authors: Huang Guan-Jhong , Deng Jeng-Shyan , Chen Hsien-Jung , Huang Shyh-Shyun , Shih Chun-Ching , Lin Yaw-Huei 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Metallothionein (MT) is a group of proteins with low molecular masses and high cysteine contents, and it is classified into different types, which generally contains two domains with typical amino acid sequences.

Results
In this report, two full-length cDNAs (MT-1 and MT-II) encoding MT-like proteins were isolated from the roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam. ‘Tainong 57’). Their open reading frames contained 642 and 519 nucleotides (66 and 81 amino acids) for MT-1 and MT-II, respectively, and exhibited a relatively low amino acid sequence similarity. On the basis of the amino acid sequence similarity and conserved residues, it is suggested that MT-I is a member of the plant MT Type-I family, and MT-II is a member of the plant MT Type-II family. The corresponding mRNA levels of MT-1 and MT-II were the highest found in the storage roots. Recombinant MT-1 and MT-II protein overproduced in E. coli (M15) was purified by Ni2+-chelated affinity chromatography. MT-1 and MT-II reduced dehydroascorbate (DHA) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to regenerate L-ascorbic acid (AsA). However, without GSH, MT-1 and MT-II has very low DHA reductase activity. And AsA was oxidized by AsA oxidase to generate monodehydroascorbate (MDA) free radical. MDA was also reduced by MT-1 and MT-II to AsA in the presence of NADH mimicking the MDA reductase catalyzed reaction.

Conclusions
These data suggest that MT-1 and MT-II have both DHA reductase and MDA reductase activities. MT-1 and MT-II are apparently the first reported plant MTs exhibiting both DHA and MDA activities in vitro.
Lipoteichoic acid ofEnterococcus faecalisinduces the expression of chemokines via TLR2 and PAFR signaling pathways
Authors: Park Ok-Jin , Han Ji Young , Baik Jung Eun , Jeon Jun Ho , Kang Seok-Seong , Yun Cheol-Heui , Oh Jong-Won , Seo Ho Seong , Han Seung Hyun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalis is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, and its LTA is known as an important virulence factor causing inflammatory responses. As chemokines play a key role in inflammatory diseases by triggering leukocyte infiltration into the infection site, we purified EfLTA and investigated its effect on the expression of chemokines, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MCP-1, in murine macrophages. EfLTA induced the expression of these chemokines at the mRNA and protein levels. TLR2, CD14, and MyD88 were involved in the EfLTA-induced chemokine expression, as the expression was reduced remarkably in macrophages derived from TLR2-, CD14-, or MyD88-deficient mice. EfLTA induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and enhanced the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and NF-IL6 transcription factors. The induction of IP-10 required ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK, PKC, PTK, PI3K, and ROS. We noticed that all of these signaling molecules, except p38 MAPK and ROS, were indispensable for the induction of MCP-1 and MIP-1α. Interestingly, the EfLTA-induced chemokine expression was mediated through PAFR/JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways without IFN-β involvement, which is different from LPS-induced chemokine expression requiring IFN-β/JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways. Furthermore, the culture supernatant of EfLTA-treated RAW 264.7 cells promoted the platelet aggregation, and exogenous PAF induced the chemokine expression in macrophages derived from WT and TLR2-deficient mice. These results suggest that EfLTA induces the expression of chemokines via signaling pathways requiring TLR2 and PAFR, which is distinct from that of LPS-induced chemokine expression.
MMP28 promotes macrophage polarization toward M2 cells and augments pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Gharib Sina A , Johnston Laura K , Huizar Isham , Birkland Timothy P , Hanson Josiah , Wang Ying , Parks William C , Manicone Anne M 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMembers of the MMP family function in various processes of innate immunity, particularly in controlling important steps in leukocyte trafficking and activation. MMP28 (epilysin) is a member of this family of proteinases, and we have found that MMP28 is expressed by macrophages and regulates their recruitment to the lung. We hypothesized that MMP28 regulates other key macrophage responses, such as macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these MMP28-dependent changes in macrophage polarization would alter fibrotic responses in the lung. We examined the gene expression changes in WT and Mmp28−/− BMDMs, stimulated with LPS or IL-4/IL-13 to promote M1 and M2 cells, respectively. We also collected macrophages from the lungs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-exposed WT and Mmp28−/− mice to evaluate changes in macrophage polarization. Lastly, we evaluated the macrophage polarization phenotypes during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in WT and Mmp28−/− mice and assessed mice for differences in weight loss and total collagen levels. We found that MMP28 dampens proinflammatory macrophage function and promots M2 programming. In both in vivo models, we found deficits in M2 polarization in Mmp28−/− mice. In bleomycin-induced lung injury, these changes were associated with reduced fibrosis. MMP28 is an important regulator of macrophage polarization, promoting M2 function. Loss of MMP28 results in reduced M2 polarization and protection from bleomycin-induced fibrosis. These findings highlight a novel role for MMP28 in macrophage biology and pulmonary disease.
Thyroid hormone regulates muscle function during cold acclimation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Little Alexander G. , Seebacher Frank 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
Thyroid hormone (TH) is a universal regulator of growth, development and metabolism during cold exposure in mammals. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), TH regulates locomotor performance and metabolism during cold acclimation. The influence of TH on locomotor performance may be via its effect on metabolism or, as has been shown in mammals, by modulating muscle phenotypes. Our aim was to determine whether TH influences muscle phenotypes in zebrafish, and whether this could explain changes in swimming capacity in response to thermal acclimation. We used propylthiouracil and iopanoic acid to induce hypothyroidism in zebrafish over a 3-week acclimation period to either 18 or 28°C. To verify that physiological changes following hypothyroid treatment were in fact due to the action of TH, we supplemented hypothyroid fish with 3,5-diiodothryronine (T2) or 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3). Cold-acclimated fish had significantly greater sustained swimming performance (Ucrit) but not burst speed. Greater Ucrit was accompanied by increased tail beat frequency, but there was no change in tail beat amplitude. Hypothyroidism significantly decreased Ucrit and burst performance, as well as tail beat frequency and SERCA activity in cold-acclimated fish. However, myofibrillar ATPase activity increased in cold-acclimated hypothyroid fish. Hypothyroid treatment also decreased mRNA concentrations of myosin heavy chain fast isoforms and SERCA 1 isoform in cold-acclimated fish. SERCA 1 mRNA increased in warm-acclimated hypothyroid fish, and SERCA 3 mRNA decreased in both cold- and warm-acclimated hypothyroid fish. Supplementation with either T2 or T3 restored Ucrit, burst speed, tail beat frequency, SERCA activity and myosin heavy chain and SERCA 1 and 3 mRNA levels of hypothyroid fish back to control levels. We show that in addition to regulating development and metabolism in vertebrates, TH also regulates muscle physiology in ways that affect locomotor performance in fish. We suggest that the role of TH in modulating SERCA1 expression during cold exposure may have predisposed it to regulate endothermic thermogenesis.
Silver(I) Oxide-promoted Chemoselective Cross-coupling Reaction of (Diborylmethyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Endo Kohei , Kurosawa Fumiya , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The present paper describes a synergistic effect in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The chemoselective cross-coupling reaction of (diborylmethyl)trimethylsilane and aryl halides proceeded at room temperature when a silver salt and KOH were added. The reaction gave benzylboronate derivatives bearing a trimethylsilyl group at the benzylic position.
Porphyrin Preparation in Acidic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kitaoka Satoshi , Nobuoka Kaoru , Hirakawa Ryoki , Ihara Keita , Ishikawa Yuichi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We report the preparation of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) in acidic ionic liquids. In [HC4im][CF3CO2] and [HC4im][BF4], TPP could be obtained in 15% and 9% yields, respectively. The yield in [HC4im][CF3CO2] was the same as that for the reaction in propionic acid (15%). In addition, [HC4im][CF3CO2] could be reused at least 3 times without any loss of its catalytic activity. Use of acidic ionic liquids for porphyrin synthesis can afford the porphyrins without producing any acid waste.
Teoría y actualidad de los errores por interferencia desde un punto de vista pedagógico
Authors: Fernández Jódar Raúl 
Published: August 2013

THEORY AND PRESENT OF THE INTERFERENCE ERRORS FORM A PEDAGOGICAL POINT OF VIEW
The present paper is a proposal of classification of transfer errors from a pedagogical point of view. It is also a proposal to work with transfer errors, since, thanks to the use of the monitor model, you can activate the autocorrection so that these errors can be easily avoided.
uso de la coma en las estructuras explicativas y especificativas: un estudio contrastivo español-polaco
Authors: Pawlak Aneta 
Published: August 2013

THE USE OF THE COMMA WITH THE INCIDENTAL CLAUSES: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY SPANISH-POLISH
The objective of the article is to present the use of the comma with the incidental clauses which in Spanish are distinguished by their function in explicativas and especificativas. Considering syntactic constructions such as nominal appositions or adjectival subordinate clauses, the basic rules of punctuation established for these structures in both languages have been set out. Besides of the analogues uses ofthe comma, the oppositeor different uses of the comma have been also distinguished and they can be a source of incorrect spelling, due to the negative interference by the Polish language.
traducción intercultural de lenguajes especializados: el caso del lenguaje enológico
Authors: Bárcena Madera Elena , Wisłocka Breit Bożena 
Published: August 2013

THE INTERCULTURAL TRANSLATION OF SPECIALIZED LANGUAGES: THE CASE OF THE ENOLOGICAL DOMAIN
This paper focuses on the analysis of the specialized wine tasting language which is currently emerging in Polish in a process that incorporates translations of wine tasting notes from other languages, including Iberian Spanish. The generally unconstrained linguistic attitude of Polish wine critics leads to an easy adoption in their texts of neologisms and foreign syntactic and semantic borrowings. Seemingly untranslatable cultural constructs in the source text are identified as culturemes and need to be applied specific translational techniques to be suitably captured for the target text.
A Multistage Variational Iteration Method for Solution of Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Gökdoğan Ahmet , Merdan Mehmet , Ertürk Vedat Suat 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the approximate solution of delay differential equations is obtained by a reliable algorithm based on an adaptation of the classical variational iteration method (VIM), which is called the multi-stage variational iteration method (MSVIM). Examples are carried out and numerical results with comparison to exact solutions, VIM and MATLAB dde23 solver are given. The comparison reveals that the MSVIM is a promising tool to solve delay differential equations.
Quantification of Vertebral Involvement in Metastatic Spinal Disease
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , de Oliveira Matheus Fernandes , Rotta Jose Marcus 
Published: August 2013

Introduction:
For patients with a solitary and well-delimitated spinal metastasis that resides inside the vertebral body, without vertebral canal invasion, and who are in good general health with a long life expectancy, en bloc spondylectomy/total vertebrectomy combined with the use of primary stabilizing instrumentation has been advocated. However, clinical experience suggests that these qualifying conditions occur very rarely.

Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to quantify the distribution of vertebral involvement in spinal metastases and determine the frequency with which patients can be considered candidates for radical surgery (en bloc spondylectomy).

Methods:
Consecutive patients were classified accordingly to Enneking’s and Tomita’s schemes for grading vertebral involvement of metastases.

Results:
Fifty-one (51) consecutive patients were evaluated. Eighty-three percent of patients presented with the involvement of multiple vertebral levels and/or spinal canal invasion.

Conclusion:
Because of diffuse vertebral involvement of metastases, no patients in this sample were considered to be candidates for radical spondylectomy of vertebral metastasis.
Can Auditors Mitigate Information Asymmetry in M&As? An Empirical Analysis of the Method of Payment in Belgian Transactions
Authors: Luypaert Mathieu , Van Caneghem Tom 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between the external financial statement audit and the method of payment across a sample of Belgian mergers and acquisitions between listed and private firms over the period 1997–2009. We investigate whether a Big N audit (at the target level) reduces the need for a contingent payment resulting from information asymmetry about the target's value. In addition, we analyze whether a Big N audit (at the bidder level) limits incentives for bidders to exploit private information about their own value. Using multivariate ordered probit and binary regression models, we determine that contingent payments are less common when the target is audited by a Big N auditor after controlling for several other deal and firm characteristics. Furthermore, we find that the incentive to use stock payments in periods of stock market overvaluation is lower for acquirers with a Big N auditor. Finally, target shareholders are more likely to accept a contingent offer if the acquirer's financial statements are certified by a Big N auditor.
JEL Classifications: G34; M4.
Empagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Häring Hans-Ulrich , Merker Ludwig , Seewaldt-Becker Elke , Weimer Marc , Meinicke Thomas , Woerle Hans J. , Broedl Uli C. ,   on behalf of the EMPA-REG METSU Trial Investigators
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of empagliflozin as add-on to metformin and sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients inadequately controlled on metformin and sulfonylurea (HbA1c ≥7 to ≤10%) were randomized and treated with once-daily empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 225), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 216), or placebo (n = 225) for 24 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24. Key secondary end points were changes from baseline in weight and mean daily glucose (MDG) at week 24.

RESULTS
At week 24, adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline in HbA1c were −0.17% (0.05) for placebo vs. −0.82% (0.05) and −0.77% (0.05) for empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001). Empagliflozin significantly reduced MDG, weight, and systolic (but not diastolic) blood pressure versus placebo. Adverse events were reported in 62.7, 67.9, and 64.1% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively. Events consistent with urinary tract infection were reported in 8.0, 10.3, and 8.3% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (females: 13.3, 18.0, and 17.5%, respectively; males: 2.7, 2.7, and 0%, respectively). Events consistent with genital infection were reported in 0.9, 2.7, and 2.3% of patients on placebo and empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg, respectively (females: 0.9, 4.5, and 3.9%, respectively; males: 0.9% in each group).

CONCLUSIONS
Empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg for 24 weeks as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea improved glycemic control, weight, and systolic blood pressure and were well tolerated.
Primers for phylogeny reconstruction in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) using herbarium samples
Authors: Zuntini Alexandre R. , Fonseca Luiz Henrique M. , Lohmann Lúcia G. 
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the study: New primers were developed for Bignonieae to enable phylogenetic studies within this clade using herbarium samples.• Methods and Results: Internal primers were designed based on available sequences of the plastid ndhF gene and the rpl32‐trnL intergenic spacer region, and the nuclear gene PepC. The resulting primers were used to amplify DNA extracted from herbarium materials. High‐quality data were obtained from herbarium samples up to 53 yr old.• Conclusions: The standardized methodology allows the inclusion of herbarium materials as alternative sources of DNA for phylogenetic studies in Bignonieae.
An Integrated Strategy for Grassland Easement Acquisition in the Prairie Pothole Region, USA
Authors: Walker Johann , Rotella Jay J. , Loesch Charles R. , Renner Randy W. , Ringelman James K. , Lindberg Mark S. , Dell Randal , Doherty Kevin E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Acquisition of perpetual grassland easements is a principal tactic used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and its partners to protect nesting habitat for migratory birds in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota, USA. This public–private partnership resulted in the conservation of &gt;344,000 ha of grassland during 1998–2012. Past easement acquisition has been targeted to landscapes with greatest expected accessibility to breeding duck pairs without active consideration of probability of conversion or cost of protection. The rising cost of easement acquisition in recent years indicates that re-evaluation and refinement of the easement acquisition strategy could help to improve programmatic outcomes. We assessed regional patterns of easement acquisition during 1998–2012, evaluated the current targeting strategy, and used a combination of publicly available and proprietary geospatial data to develop an easement-targeting Geographic Information System that integrated information about conversion probability and protection cost with current targeting criteria. Our assessment indicated that grassland protection was negatively affected by rising land prices during 1998–2012. In the 5 y between 2008 and 2012, about 100,000 ha of grassland were protected at a cost of $83 million (U.S. dollars). The 2008–2012 acquisitions represented 30% of total protection during 1998–2012 but composed 47% of the total expenditure. We observed strong evidence that easements were targeted to priority landscapes both before and after formalization of the USFWS conservation strategy in 2004. We also found evidence of an opportunity to increase efficiency of future acquisitions. We identified 0.9 million ha of currently unprotected priority grassland in the region with greater than expected conversion risk and smaller than expected protection cost. We suggest that future grassland easement acquisition be refocused on this refined priority area and that an adaptive approach to future easement acquisition (including targeted acquisitions, directed monitoring, and data-based decisions) provides a logical framework for implementation of this new strategy and will facilitate continued conservation success.
Immune Dysfunction and Bacterial Coinfections following Influenza
Authors: Metzger Dennis W. , Sun Keer 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Secondary pulmonary infections by encapsulated bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus following influenza represent a common and challenging clinical problem. The reasons for this polymicrobial synergy are still not completely understood, hampering development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Although it has been commonly thought that viral-induced epithelial cell damage allows bacterial invasiveness, recent studies by several groups have now implicated dysfunctional innate immune defenses following influenza as the primary culprit for enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Understanding the immunological imbalances that are responsible for virus/bacteria synergy will ultimately allow the design of effective, broad-spectrum therapeutic approaches for prevention of enhanced susceptibility to these pathogens.
Eclampsia: Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Joshi Sulabha , Ghike Sunita , Bhalerao Anuja , Kawthalkar Anjali , Kulkarni Sayali 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Eclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality as well as morbidity. This prospective study was carried out at a tertiary institute from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010.

Aim and objectives
(1) To evaluate the rate of eclampsia in antenatal women attending our hospital, (2) to evaluate the epidemiological factors and clinical presentation in women with eclampsia, (3) to analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome in women with eclampsia, and (4) to formulate strategies to improve the maternal and perinatal outcome.

Materials and methods
Fifty-five women with eclampsia were evaluated over a period of 3 years.

Results
During the above period, total number of deliveries were 6,100 out of which 55 were eclampsia giving incidence of —0.9%. The women with eclampsia were treated with magnesium sulfate. Around 70.91% of women had antenatal eclampsia, 18.18% of women had intrapartum eclampsia and 10.91% of women had postpartum eclampsia. Out of 55 women, maternal mortality was 5.45% and perinatal mortality was 25.45%.

Conclusion
Incidence of eclampsia is higher in developing countries, like India. Magnesium sulfate is an effective anticonvulsant drug leading to cessation of convulsions in 100% cases. Magnesium sulfate toxicity was not observed in any case, indicating effectivity of clinical monitoring during magnesium sulfate therapy.

How to cite this article
Bhalerao A, Kulkarni S, Ghike S, Kawthalkar A, Joshi S, Somalwar S. Eclampsia: Maternal and Fetal Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(1): 19-21.