bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed-Free Growth of Diamond Patterns on Femtosecond Laser Processed Silicon Substrates
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhou Yunshen , Xie Z. Q. , Gao Y. , Jiang Lan , Lu Yongfeng 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDue to its outstanding properties, diamond is considered as an ideal material for mechanical and electric applications at high temperatures, voltages, radiation, etc. It is known that femtosecond lasers exhibit extremely high precision and minimized thermal effect in material processing. In this study, a seed-free diamond pattern growth method was developed by patterning silicon substrates using a femtosecond laser before diamond deposition through laser-assisted combustion flame synthesis. The resolution of the diamond patterns reaches micro scales. Peak position, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and diamond quality parameter were calculated from Raman spectra. The mechanism of the seed-free diamond growth based on the femtosecond laser patterning was discussed. The influence of substrates surface roughness on the diamond nucleation and subsequent growth was studied, indicating that the nucleation density is proportional to the surface roughness.
New Experimental Method to Precisely Examine the LUMO Levels of Organic Semiconductors and Application to the Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTInverse-photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) in the near-ultraviolet range is a new tool for investigating the LUMO levels of organic materials. Previous IPES methods have had two serious weaknesses, i.e. low energy resolution and sample damage to organic materials. In the present method, on the other hand, the irradiation damage to the organic sample is significantly reduced by decreasing the kinetic energy of electrons below the damage threshold. The energy resolution of the instrument is improved by a factor of two to 0.3 eV by using multilayer band pass filters. Acceptor materials widely used in organic photovoltaic cells, C60 and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), are measured with this new technique to determine the electron affinities.
Selective separation of essential phenolic compounds from olive oil mill wastewater using a bulk liquid membrane
Authors: Shadabi Shahriar , Ghiasvand Ali , Hashemi Payman 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOlive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) is very rich in phenolic compounds especially the key compounds of caffeic acid (CA), hydroxytyrosol (HTY), and tyrosol (TY). Therefore, the development of new and effective analytical and industrial methods for the separation and concentration of these valuable compounds has attracted great attention in the last decades. In this study, a selective transport and separation method for CA, HTY, and TY from OMWW samples, obtained from different olive orchards, using a new bulk liquid membrane (BLM) procedure was developed. Various factors influencing the transport efficiency such as pH of the source and receiving phases, nature and volume of the organic membrane, stirring rate, and transport time were investigated and optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, the transport efficiencies of CA, HTY, and TY from the OMWW samples of 90.1 %, 28.4 %, and 34.9 % were obtained, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 7) were found to be 4.1 %, 3.8 %, and 3.0 % and the limits of detection (LODs) obtained were 0.001 mg L−1, 0.011 mg L−1, and 0.008 mg L−1, for CA, HTY, and TY, respectively.
Fish Marketing System and Socio Economic Status of Aratdars in Natore and Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Flowra F. A. , Bashar A. H. M. K. , Jahan S. N. , Samad M. A. , Islam M. M. 
Published: March 2013

An investigation was carried out during the period from December 2007 to November 2008 to find out the fish marketing system and socio economic status of aratdars at Singra (Natore), Baneshwar and Puthia (Rajshahi). Four types of fishes were observed where maximum fishes (70%) were come from the local area and rest (30%) was come from outside of Bangladesh. Four types of marketing channel were identified and the commission agents usually earn about 3-4% commissions from the farmers. The highest landing was 388143.75 kg/yr (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Shingra) whereas the lowest landing was 701.75 kg/yr (Xenentodon cancila in Baneshwar). Price varied from 20.38±4.58 (Chanda ranga in Baneshwar) to 190.17±27.33 Tk/kg (Clarias batrachus in Baneshwar). The average marketing cost and marketing margin varied from 91 to 128 Tk/day and 17.75 to 28.25 Tk/kg in Baneshwar. Majority (53.76% in Puthia to 74.99% in Baneshwar) aratdars were found to class I-X. Major secondary occupation of the aratdars was fish farming (50% in Puthia to 75% in Baneshwar). Most of the aratdars (75% in Baneshwar and Shingra to 83% in Puthia) were found to earn Tk 100-500 per day. Infrastructure of wholesale and retail fish markets were not adequate with regarding to sales area, packaging, sanitation, water supply, drainage, cleaning, washing, maintenance and repairs except very few.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7749
Checklist of Wild Edible Plants of Bihar, India
Authors: Fatma Nasheez , Pan T.K. 
Published: March 2013

Bihar covers 94,163 km2 area but lack floristic information and looking at the high rising value of food and food products, the necessity of nutritive quality and consumption of edible plants cultivated and their wild relatives exploration of different districts of Bihar have been conducted since 2008-2010. The plant species eaten may be whole plant, rhizome, tubers, stem, leaves, inflorescence, fruits, seeds, bark etc. Several times plant parts are used as staple food, while some are used at the time of scarcity like famine, drought etc. Besides, some are well known spices and condiments with good marketable value. Others are used as pickles, drinks, jams and jellies. These plants on large scale are basically identified by the tribal people and introduced in the local markets to earn economy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7785
Vitreous Pillow for Sustained-Release Intravitreous Drug Delivery Implants
Authors: Kapoor Kapil G. , Shultz Ryan W. , Iezzi Raymond 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Intravitreous drug delivery systems are injected or surgically implanted for sustained release of drugs to the posterior segment for conditions such as vein occlusions and diabetic macular edema. Since these devices rely upon the vitreous body for support, concerns regarding their migration and prolonged direct retinal contact have limited their use in vitrectomized eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Three patients with persistent macular edema received dexamethasone intravitreal implantation following vitrectomy employing the authors’ novel technique for embedding the system in a residual inferior vitreous skirt that serves as a pillow on which the implant rests after pars plana vitrectomy.

RESULTS:
At minimum 6-month follow-up, all patients had improved visual acuity and improved central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography, were without complaints of floaters or migration of the implant, and were without complications. The implant consistently remained embedded in the inferior vitreous skirt.

CONCLUSION:
The technique may mitigate concerns regarding implant migration and direct retina contact.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:181–182]
Ovarian Stem Cells–-the Pros and Cons
Authors: Evron Ayelet , Blumenfeld Zeev 
Published: March 2013

The potential for postnatal de novo oogenesis in mammals and in humans has become very controversial in the fields of reproductive science and biology. Historically, it has been thought that females of most mammalian species lose the ability to produce oocytes at birth. A contemporary understanding of stem cell biology together with novel experimental methods has challenged the model of a prenatal fixed ovarian primordial follicle pool that declines with age. Researchers have suggested replenishment of post-natal oocytes by germ-line stem cells (GSCs). According to this theory, GSCs produce oocytes and primordial follicles throughout the lifetime of the adult female. This review describes recent approaches supporting the revolutionary idea of de novo oogenesis in mammals and humans of reproductive-age and provides counter arguments from opponents of this novel and innovative concept.
Prevalence of Anemia and Immunological Markers in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Denue Ballah Akawu , Kida Ibrahim Musa , Hammagabdo Ahmed , Dayar Ayuba , Sahabi Mohammed Abubakar 
Published: March 2013

Background There are conflicting reports on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resolving hematological complications. Whereas some studies have reported improvements in hemoglobin and other hematological parameters resulting in reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV patients, others have reported no improvement in hematocrit values of HAART-treated HIV patients compared with HAART-naïve patients. Objective This current study was designed to assess the impact of HAART in resolving immunological and hematological complications in HIV patients by comparatively analyzing the results (immunological and hematological) of HAART-naive patients and those on HAART in our environment. Methods A total of 500 patients participated, consisting of 315 HAART-naive (119 males and 196 females) patients and 185 HAART-experienced (67 males and 118 females) patients. Hemoglobin (Hb), CD4+ T-cell count, total white blood count (WBC), lymphocyte percentage, plateletes, and plasma HIV RNA were determined. Results HAART-experienced patients were older than their HAART-naive counterparts. In HAART-naive patients, the incidence of anemia (packed cell volume [PCV] <30%) was 57.5%, leukopenia (WBC < 2.5), 6.1%, and thrombocytopenia < 150, 9.6%; it was, significantly higher compared with their counterparts on HAART (24.3%, 1.7%, and 1.2%, respectively). The use of HAART was not associated with severe anemia. Of HAART-naive patients, 57.5% had a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in comparison with 20.4% of HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). The mean viral load log10 was significantly higher in HAART-naive than in HAART-experienced patients ( P < 0.001). Total lymphocyte count < 1.0 was a significant predictor of <CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL in HAART-naïve patients, but this relationship was not observed in HAART-experienced patients. Conclusion HAART has the capability of reducing the incidence of anemia, other deranged hematological and immunological parameters associated with disease progression, and death in HIV-infected patients. Total lymphocyte count fails to predict CD4 count < 200 cells/μL in our cohort; thus, its use in the management and monitoring of HIV-infected patients in our settings is not reliable.
Public Debt, Child Allowances and Pension Benefits with Endogenous Fertility
Authors: Yasuoka Masaya , Miyake Atsushi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The public debt stock in some economically developed countries continues to increase because of a lack of tax revenues and the concomitant burdens of social security. Many of those countries suffer from lower birth rates and consequently, have fewer children. Child allowances might be an effective way to increase fertility, leading to higher future tax revenues through an increase in the number of younger people. In this paper, the authors examine whether or not child allowances reduce the public debt stock as a share of GDP in an economy with a pension system. As long as a non-negative debt policy is adopted in the long run, child allowances financed by bonds always increase the public debt stock as a share of GDP.
Why Saying “I’m Sorry” Isn’t Good Enough: The Ethics of Corporate Apologies
Authors: Koehn Daryl 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT:The number of corporate apologies has increased dramatically during the past decade. This article delves into the ethics of apologies offered by chief executive officers (CEOs). It examines ways in which public apologies on the part of a representative (CEO) of a corporate body (the firm) differ from both private, interpersonal apologies, on the one hand, and nation-state/collective apologies, on the other. The article then seeks to ground ethically desirable elements of a corporate apology in the nature or essence of the corporate apology itself. It explores the largely ignored roles played by the speaker’s ethos and audience pathos in genuine or ethical apologies and suggests that attention needs to be paid to the problems posed by “role contamination,” context, and other overlooked factors. The reception by the actual audience of a given apology is a highly contingent matter. Ethicists should concentrate, therefore, on what makes a proffered apology, in principle, trustworthy and not merely efficacious for a given audience.
« Les quatre mondes du lac Léman » ou explorer avec des non-voyants un paysage polysensoriel
Authors: Ernwein Marion , Sgard Anne 
Published: March 2013

La recherche géographique sur la non-voyance et la malvoyance tend à se focaliser sur les difficultés et les peurs rencontrées par les non-voyants dans leurs pratiques de mobilité, les excluant a priori d’autres types de réflexions, notamment sur le paysage, objet oculocentré traditionnel de la géographie. Pourtant, l’observation des expériences quotidiennes des non-voyants montre qu’on ne saurait se limiter à ces craintes et difficultés. En certaines circonstances, leur perception de l’environnement intègre des dimensions esthétiques : peut-on parler alors d’un sentiment paysager ? Il s’agit dans cet article d’explorer avec des non-voyants la dimension paysagère de leur relation à l’environnement, afin de montrer la richesse de leurs perceptions et représentations, tout en articulant une réflexion sur la polysensorialité du paysage permettant de dépasser l’oculocentrisme.
L’architecture de paysage moderne du campus de l’Université de Montréal
Authors: Valois Nicole 
Published: March 2013

Le campus de l’Université de Montréal est composé de bâtiments et d’aménagements paysagers hautement significatifs, dont la présence contribue à faire comprendre son évolution spatiale. Parmi eux, les espaces libres des années 1960 méritent une attention particulière pour plusieurs raisons historiques : ils font l’objet d’une réflexion pour la toute première fois dans l’histoire du campus ; l’Université de Montréal vit une phase d’expansion sans précédent ; les disciplines de l’aménagement et la pratique de planification émergent au Québec. Cet article présente de manière contextuelle les principes de planification qui ont mené à leur réalisation par La Haye et associés, firme d’urbanisme de premier plan au Québec. Il expose les qualités et les défauts des espaces libres de cette période moderne, soit l’innovation sur le plan de la vision planificatrice et du design, d’un côté, et la trop grande importance accordée aux automobiles au détriment de la sécurité et de la convivialité, de l’autre côté.
Prior Fighting Experience Increases Aggression in Syrian Hamsters: Implications for a Role of Dopamine in the Winner Effect
Authors: Schwartzer Jared J. , Ricci Lesley A. , Melloni Richard H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWinning an aggressive encounter enhances the probability of winning future contests. This phenomenon, known as the winner effect, has been well studied across vertebrate species. While numerous animal models have been developed to study the winner effect in the laboratory setting, large variation in experimental design, choice of species, and housing conditions have resulted in conflicting reports on the behavioral outcomes. The Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) presents as a novel species with face validity to study the effects of repeated fighting on subsequent agonistic encounters. After a 14‐day training period, “trained fighter” hamsters displayed elevated fighting behaviors characterized by more intense and severe displays of aggression along with increased displays of dominant postures compared to naïve residents with no prior social experience. To determine whether these phenotypic changes in fighting behavior reflect alterations in neurochemistry, brains of aggressive and naïve hamsters were examined for changes in dopaminergic innervation in key regions known to control social and motivational behavior. Interestingly, changes in tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine production, were observed in brain regions within the social decision‐making network. These increases in aggression observed after repeated winning may reflect a learned behavior resulting from increases in neurotransmitter activity which serve to reinforce the behavior. The data implicate the presence of a winner effect in hamsters and provide evidence for a neural mechanism underlying the changes in aggressive behavior after repeated agonistic encounters. Aggr. Behav. 39:290–300, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A prospective study of postoperative symptoms in sinonasal quality‐of‐life following endoscopic skull‐base surgery: dissociations based on specific symptoms
Authors: Bedrosian Jeffrey C. , McCoul Edward D. , Raithatha Roheen , Akselrod Olga A. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundEndoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is a minimal access approach to cranial base pathology; however, it significantly disrupts the intranasal mucosa and intranasal structures, the long‐term effects of which are still being studied. We prospectively assessed postoperative changes in sinonasal QOL symptoms following ESBS.MethodsEighty‐five patients were prospectively assessed with the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ), a validated QOL instrument, preoperatively and up to 1 year postoperatively at each subsequent office visit. A subset of these data was analyzed to assess the effect of endoscopic pituitary surgery on postoperative taste, smell, appetite, nasal secretions, and vision.ResultsESBS patients were divided into 2 cohorts: those undergoing pituitary adenoma surgery and those undergoing ESBS for all other pathologies. Preoperative smell (3.11 vs 3.76, p = 0.03) and taste (3.04 vs 3.69, p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the nonpituitary group. Within the pituitary group both taste (3.69 vs 2.95, p = 0.03) and smell (3.76 vs 2.61, p ≤ 0.001) were significantly decreased by 6 weeks postoperatively. However, by 12 months both taste and smell scores returned to baseline. Vision scores improved by 3 weeks postoperatively with durable results at 1 year (2.80 vs 3.33, p = 0.04 vs 3.59, p = 0.03, respectively). Within the nonpituitary group, smell was decreased at 3 weeks, but was not significantly changed at any other time points.ConclusionOur study indicates a dissociation between the nasal and visual QOL after ESBS. While nasal QOL transiently decreases, visual QOL progressively improves. These data should not be lumped together for the purposes of statistical analysis.
P‐glycoprotein functions as an immunomodulator in healthy human primary nasal epithelial cells
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Nocera Angela L. , Iqbal Hufsa , Hoang John D. , Feldman Rachel E. , Han Xue 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent efflux pump that confers chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer cells. Recent studies suggest that P‐gp may also function as an immunomodulator through regulation of cytokine transport. Sinonasal epithelial cells have been recognized as drivers of local innate and adaptive immunity and are known to overexpress P‐gp in the setting of inflammation. The objective of this study is to therefore determine whether P‐gp participates in the regulation of cytokine secretion in sinonasal epithelial cells.MethodsPrimary nasal epithelial cell cultures (PNECCs) were cultivated from 5 healthy patients. Membranous P‐gp was quantified through quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry (Q‐FIHC) and confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sensitivity to inhibition was determined using a rhodamine 123 accumulation assay. Baseline and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated cytokine secretion of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were quantified by ELISA and compared to LPS stimulated secretion in the setting of P‐gp–specific inhibition. Differences in P‐gp expression and cytokine secretion were compared using 2‐tailed Student t tests with post hoc testing using the Bonferroni procedure.ResultsMembranous P‐gp is detectable in PNECCs and upregulated following LPS exposure. P‐gp is sensitive to inhibition by both PSC 833 and verapamil in a dose‐dependent fashion. LPS stimulated secretion of normalized IL‐6 (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]) (79.67, 42.26–117.07), GM‐CSF (39.92, 7.90–71.94), and TSLP (6.65, 5.35–7.96) was significantly reduced following P‐gp inhibition (37.60, 11.54–63.65, p = 0.023; 7.64, 2.25–13.03, p = 0.044; and 5.13, 4.44–5.82, p = 0.038; respectively).ConclusionP‐gp is functionally active in PNECCs. P‐gp participates in modulation of epithelial secretion of LPS stimulated IL‐6, GM‐CSF, and TSLP.
The utility of a combined endoscopic and transoral resection of maxillary ameloblastoma
Authors: Jain Kunal , Hsu Jack , Goyal Parul 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThis report describes the role of endoscopic resection of maxillary ameloblastoma.Case ReportA 43‐year‐old female presented with a maxillary ameloblastoma filling the left maxillary sinus and extending into the left nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The sinonasal portion of the tumor was resected endoscopically. A limited transoral resection was then performed to resect the involved teeth and surrounding margin allowing for primary closure without any tumor recurrence or oronasal fistulas on follow‐up.ConclusionTransnasal endoscopic surgery for odontogenic maxillary tumors is less invasive and can reduce the morbidity associated with traditional maxillectomy.
Effect of PEGDE addition on rheological and mechanical properties of bisphenol E cyanate ester
Authors: Sheng Xia , Hanus Riley , Bauer Amy , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCyanate esters are a group of resins with exceptional thermal and mechanical properties and are often blended with lower cost epoxy resins. These blends are often brittle, and a toughening method, such as the addition of soft segments, is necessary. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, or PEGDE, was added to bisphenol E cyanate ester as a toughening agent. PEGDE was added at loadings of 0–30 wt %, and rheological and mechanical properties were analyzed after curing. As PEGDE loading was increased, the gel point increased accordingly while the activation energy of gelation decreased, indicating PEGDE accelerated the gelation process. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated a decrease in glass transition temperature as the PEGDE loading increased. Three‐point bending tests yielded similar toughness to the neat BECy at low PEGDE loadings, with a dramatic increase at loadings of 25 and 30 wt % PEGDE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013