bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical expression for an effective ion-neutral collision frequency in flowing plasmas of some noble gases
Authors: KHRAPAK SERGEY A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple expression for the effective ion-neutral collision frequency in weakly ionized drifting plasmas of helium, neon, and argon is suggested. This expression can be useful for practical estimations related to the problems of particle charging and ion drag force in complex (dusty) plasmas.
Nonequilibrium landscape theory of neural networks
Authors: Yan Han , Zhao Lei , Hu Liang , Wang Xidi , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe brain map project aims at mapping out human brain neuron connections. Even with given wirings, the global and physical understandings of the function and behavior of the brain are still challenging. Learning and memory processes were previously globally quantified for symmetrically connected neural networks. However, realistic neural networks of cognitive processes and physiological rhythm regulations are asymmetrically connected. We developed a nonequilibrium landscape–flux theory for asymmetrically connected neural networks. We found the landscape topography is critical in determining the global stability and function of the neural networks. The cognitive dynamics is determined by both landscape gradient and flux. For rapid-eye movement sleep cycles, we predicted the key network wirings based on landscape topography, in agreement with experiments.
Functional traits predict relationship between plant abundance dynamic and long-term climate warming
Authors: Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Elumeeva Tatiana G. , Onipchenko Vladimir G. , Shidakov Islam I. , Salpagarova Fatima S. , Khubiev Anzor B. , Tekeev Dzhamal K. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Although the response of the Plant Kingdom to climate change is acknowledged as one of the fundamental feedback mechanisms of environmental changes on the Earth, until now, the response of plant species to in situ climate warming has been described at the level of a few fixed plant functional types (i.e. grasses, forbs, shrubs etc.). This approach is very coarse and inflexible. Here, we show that plant functional traits (i.e., plant features) can be used as predictors of vegetation response to climate warming. This finding enlarges possibilities for forecasting ecosystem responses to climate change.
GmNAC30 and GmNAC81 integrate the endoplasmic reticulum stress- and osmotic stress-induced cell death responses through a vacuolar processing enzyme
Authors: Mendes Giselle C. , Reis Pedro A. B. , Calil Iara P. , Carvalho Humberto H. , Aragão Francisco J. L. , Fontes Elizabeth P. B. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
An endoplasmic reticulum stress- and osmotic stress-induced cell death pathway has emerged as a relevant adaptive response of plant cells to multiple environmental stimuli. We identified a unique component of this integrated circuit of stress-induced cell death, the GmNAC30 transcriptional factor, which binds to GmNAC81 in the nucleus of plant cells to coordinately regulate the expression of the vacuolar processing enzyme, a plant-specific executioner of cell death. In addition to describing a plant-specific endoplasmic reticulum stress cell death response that communicates with other environmental stimuli, the study deciphered the regulation of vacuolar processing enzyme expression that has been shown to be involved in several events of cell death in plants.
Use of Death Certificates to Identify Tuberculosis-Related Deaths in Washington State
Authors: Gallivan Mark D. , Lofy Kathryn H. , Goldbaum Gary M. 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Death certificates are routinely used to estimate tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates. The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes and text cause of death data for this purpose is uncertain.

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy of ICD-10 coded and text cause of death data in identifying TB-related deaths in Washington State.

Design:
Cross-sectional descriptive study comparing TB-related deaths detected through Washington State death certificates to TB-related deaths identified in the Washington State TB registry during 2009-2010.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Sensitivity and positive predictive value of ICD-10 coded and text cause of death definitions in identifying TB-related deaths compared to the TB registry.

Results:
All methods for identifying TB-related deaths using death certificate data overestimated the number of TB-related deaths compared to the tuberculosis registry. The positive predictive value ranged from 22% for a TB ICD-10 code as an underlying or multiple cause of death to 56% for TB listed in the direct cause of death text field. Seventeen (33%) of 51 subjects assigned with a TB ICD-10 code as an underlying or multiple cause of death had no evidence of TB on the death certificate and were not present in the TB registry.

Conclusions:
Death certificates were not highly predictive of TB-related deaths. Use of the direct cause of death text field was the most accurate method to identify a TB-related death when using death certificates. Specific ICD-10 coding algorithms may misclassify subjects as having died from TB.
The role of “zero-responders” during 7/7: implications for the emergency services
Authors: Cocking Chris 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychological processes involved in spontaneous co-operation by survivors of mass emergencies, and the possible implications this may have for emergency responders.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative interview study was conducted with 12 survivors and witnesses of the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Data were subjected to thematic analysis.Findings– Spontaneous co-operation amongst survivors often emerged, and this was a function of a common identity that grew out of a sense of shared fate amongst those affected. Some social influence that encouraged co-operation also occurred, and this was dependent upon whether there was a sense of shared identity between source and target of influence.Research limitations/implications– Evidence was only collected from a sub-set of one incident (7/7), thus limiting possible generalisability of the findings. Further research into comparable situations would provide a better understanding of the processes underlying mutual co-operation and support amongst emergency survivors.Practical implications– Uninjured bystanders in emergencies can act as “zero-responders”, and so may become a useful resource which can be utilised by the emergency services in mass emergencies.Originality/value– This is the first paper to explore in detail the social influence processes underlying spontaneous co-operation amongst survivors of emergencies, and will be of use to emergency responders.
Ethical issues in knowledge management: conflict of knowledge ownership
Authors: Rechberg Isabel , Syed Jawad 
Published: October 2013

Purpose–This paper aims to review ethical issues inherent in the theorisation and practice of knowledge management (KM) with specific attention to the conflict of knowledge ownership between organisations and individual employees.Design/methodology/approach–Relevant literature was identified and reviewed via EPSCO host and ISIWeb.Findings–The paper notes that knowledge, although rooted in individuals, is often claimed or treated as owned by organisations, creating a conflict of knowledge ownership. The paper argues that such an approach to appropriation and management of knowledge leads to tension in knowledge processes between organisations and individuals, and also among individuals. This situation may, in turn, jeopardise individuals' knowledge processing behaviours, and pose difficulties to organisations in managing knowledge effectively.Research limitations/implications–Offers a number of potential research questions that may be turned into research hypotheses and assessed experimentally to refine and develop an ethical approach to KM.Practical implications–Highlights the need for a renewed moral contract between individuals and organisations, built on ethical constructs of trust, fairness, and justice, which may in turn lead to effective KM practices.Originality/value–Offers an original conceptual approach to understand and resolve the conflict of knowledge ownership between organizations and individuals.
Organizational unlearning and organizational relearning: a dynamic process of knowledge management
Authors: Zhao Yingxin , Lu Yanqiu , Wang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a model to explore the dynamic process of knowledge management from the perspectives of organizational unlearning and organizational relearning, which promote a favorable context for knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model is proposed based on extensive review of literatures. According to this model, the evolutions of organizational unlearning and organizational relearning are separately analyzed, and the interactions between them are revealed.

Findings
– Organizational unlearning and organizational relearning are the indispensable factors to the dynamic knowledge management. Organizational unlearning positively affects the dynamic knowledge management by discarding the outdated and useless knowledge, while organizational relearning has a positive influence on the dynamic knowledge management by acquiring the new knowledge. Organizational unlearning and organizational relearning have synergies on the dynamic knowledge management.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper theoretically illuminates the relationships among organizational unlearning, organizational relearning and knowledge management, and doesn't offer an empirical test.

Practical implications
– This paper will provide insights to practitioners to better understand the dynamic process of knowledge management. The practitioners need to provide favorable context to ensure that organizational unlearning and organizational relearning can occur.

Originality/value
– Most existing studies focused on the inflows of knowledge, but the outflows of knowledge still lack sufficient attention, especially the dynamic process of knowledge management. The framework provides guides in that process.
E-participation in local governments
Authors: Reddick Christopher , F. Norris Donald 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to examine factors that explain top governmental officials' support for e-participation in American local governments, and to examine the impacts of e-participation adoption on local governments in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study utilizes a national survey of e-participation among US local governments, which examines factors that predict greater political-managerial support for e-participation and factors associated with positive impacts from e-participation.

Findings
– This research found that demand was the most important factor predicting political-managerial support for e-participation and impacts.

Research limitations/implications
– This study produced somewhat limited results partly because relatively few of the responding governments had adopted any significant number of e-participation activities. A second limitation is that the authors took a quantitative approach to e-participation supports and impacts, which did not enable them to tease out some of the more subtle nuisances of e-participation adoption and its impact on government. A third limitation is that the authors conducted the research only on governments at the local level in one nation.

Practical implications
– Local governments should ensure top level (elected and appointed officials) support for e-participation for it to be successful. Citizen demand, formal planning, and taking e-participation are seriously also associated with adoption and positive impacts. So, local governments should consider these factors when developing e-participation.

Originality/value
– This study is first to examine the impacts of e-participation adoption on local governments in the USA.
Pelvic floor biometry during a first singleton pregnancy and the relationship with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders: a prospective observational study
Authors: Chan SSC , Cheung RYK , Yiu KW , Lee LL , Leung TY , Chung TKH 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo assess pelvic floor biometry during pregnancy and the correlation with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders in women.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingAntenatal clinic between August 2009 and May 2011.PopulationNulliparous women in their first pregnancy.MethodsPelvic floor was assessed by translabial ultrasound and symptoms of pelvic floor disorders were explored with a standardised questionnaire at each trimester.Main outcome measuresPelvic floor biometry during pregnancy.ResultsA total of 405 (91.6%) women completed the study. As the pregnancy advanced, there was significant descent of the bladder neck (BN), cervix, and anorectal junction. The hiatal area (HA) was significantly enlarged, with a mean increase of 15.1 ± 24.8% at rest, and 24.7 ± 28.5% at Valsalva, at third trimester when compared with first trimester. Risk factors for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were: descent of BN at Valsalva (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5), increase in HA at pelvic floor contraction (PFMC; OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.6), and increase in maternal age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2), at first trimester; increase in HA at PFMC (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5) at second trimester; and descent of BN at rest (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9) and increase in maternal age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02–1.2) at third trimester. Descent of anorectal junction (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–1.9) and increase in HA at rest (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.3) were factors for prolapse symptoms at second and third trimester, respectively.ConclusionsPelvic floor changes begin during pregnancy. There was significant descent of the BN, cervix, and anorectal junction, and enlargement of the hiatal area, as the pregnancy advanced. SUI was associated with descent of the BN, and prolapse symptoms were associated with an increase in the hiatal area.
Eosinophil Apoptosis as a Therapeutic Target in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Ilmarinen Pinja , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways manifesting in many different phenotypes. Allergic asthma, comprising approximately half of patients with asthma, is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils into the lungs. Eosinophils release factors that damage the surrounding cells and participate in the maintenance and exacerbation of inflammation. In the absence of any inflammatory survival‐prolonging factors, eosinophils die by apoptosis in few days but in inflamed airways, eosinophil survival is thought to be prolonged due to the surrounding pro‐inflammatory factors such as IL‐5, IL‐3 and GM‐CSF. Resolution of eosinophilic inflammation is an important goal in the treatment of allergic asthma. Apoptosis is a physiological and non‐inflammatory way to eliminate these harmful cells, and development of drugs targeting eosinophil apoptosis is one possible strategy for the therapy of allergic asthma. Importance of this strategy is supported by the fact that promotion of eosinophil apoptosis is a property of many anti‐asthmatic agents such as glucocorticoids, the current main anti‐inflammatory therapy of asthma, theophylline and leukotriene modifiers. β2 agonists have been shown to modulate eosinophil longevity by increasing survival. Also, anti‐IL‐5 antibody mesolizumab has shown efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Many potential future anti‐asthmatic agents, such as Siglec‐8 activating antibody and novel humanized anti‐IL‐5 antibody MEDI‐563, have the property of inducing eosinophil apoptosis. This MiniReview aims to present eosinophil apoptosis as a therapeutic target in the treatment of allergic asthma. We summarize the effects and mechanisms of current and potential future anti‐asthmatic drugs on eosinophil apoptosis and additionally, discuss the potential factors that promote eosinophil longevity in the lungs.
Is furcation involvement in maxillary molars a predictor for subsequent bone augmentation prior to implant placement? A pilot study
Authors: Walter Clemens , Dagassan‐Berndt Dorothea C. , Kühl Sebastian , Weiger Roland , Lang Niklaus P. , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this pilot study was to analyze the interfurcal bone height in relation to the possible need for subsequent sinus floor elevation in patients with advanced periodontitis and furcation involvement of first and/or second maxillary molars.Material and methodsSeventeen dentate patients, who received cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detailed preoperative diagnosis and planning of surgical interventions at periodontally involved maxillary molars (17 first and 15 second molars), were consecutively recruited for the study. The minimal bone height in the interfurcal region was measured from CBCT and related to furcation involvement, residual bone above the root tips, and the clinical probing pocket depth (PPD).ResultsThe minimal interfurcal bone height measured 4.1 ± 2.6 mm on average with 75% of maxillary molars having ≤6 mm and almost 60% having only ≤4 mm bone height left below the sinus floor. A higher risk for reduced interfurcal bone height of ≤4 mm was given when residual PPD of ≥6 mm was remaining at two or more tooth sites (OR 0.10; 0.11).ConclusionsThe majority of periodontally involved maxillary molars had a substantially reduced interfurcal bone height, particularly with at least two sites with residual PPD ≥ 6 mm. This was a predictor for a subsequent need for sinus floor elevation when tooth replacement with a dental implant is desired.
Salvage therapy of refractory severe aplastic anemia by decreasing cyclosporine dose regimen
Authors: Bertrand Amandine , Philippe Mickael , Bertrand Yves , Plantaz Dominique , Bleyzac Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOptimal modalities for immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) have to be determined, and especially cyclosporine (CyA) dosing to promote regulatory T cells (Treg) which are lacking and which account for physiopathological mechanisms. We are reporting on three cases of pediatric patients suffering from SAA, initially without hematological response between 4 and 7 months after IST, and who have responded 2 months after the decrease in CyA target trough blood levels to 100 ng/mL, and one case which has early responded by applying low trough blood levels from the beginning. As it has been demonstrated that Treg increase in IST responders and that Treg are stimulated only by low CyA concentrations, these case series suggest that lower CyA doses than actually recommended could be more efficient to enhance the proportion of responders. This report highlights a new field of perspectives for the treatment for SAA.
Postnatal development of temporal integration, spike timing and spike threshold regulation by a dendrotoxin‐sensitive K+ current in rat CA1 hippocampal cells
Authors: Giglio Anna M. , Storm Johan F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSpike timing and network synchronization are important for plasticity, development and maturation of brain circuits. Spike delays and timing can be strongly modulated by a low‐threshold, slowly inactivating, voltage‐gated potassium current called D‐current (ID). ID can delay the onset of spiking, cause temporal integration of multiple inputs, and regulate spike threshold and network synchrony. Recent data indicate that ID can also undergo activity‐dependent, homeostatic regulation. Therefore, we have studied the postnatal development of ID‐dependent mechanisms in CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices from young rats (P7–27), using somatic whole‐cell recordings. At P21–27, these neurons showed long spike delays and pronounced temporal integration in response to a series of brief depolarizing current pulses or a single long pulse, whereas younger cells (P7–20) showed shorter discharge delays and weak temporal integration, although the spike threshold became increasingly negative with maturation. Application of α‐dendrotoxin (α‐DTX), which blocks ID, reduced the spiking latency and temporal integration most strongly in mature cells, while shifting the spike threshold most strongly in a depolarizing direction in these cells. Voltage‐clamp analysis revealed an α‐DTX‐sensitive outward current (ID) that increased in amplitude during development. In contrast to P21–23, ID in the youngest group (P7–9) showed smaller peri‐threshold amplitude. This may explain why long discharge delays and robust temporal integration only appear later, 3 weeks postnatally. We conclude that ID properties and ID‐dependent functions develop postnatally in rat CA1 pyramidal cells, and ID may modulate network activity and plasticity through its effects on synaptic integration, spike threshold, timing and synchrony.
Household norms and their role in reducing household electricity consumption
Authors: Kleinschafer Jodie , Morrison Mark 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResearchers have only recently begun to investigate the role of the norms of the household or family group in energy‐efficiency decisions. These researchers have demonstrated that these norms can influence the behaviour and attitudes of children within the household. We contribute to their findings by providing a characterization of the use of household norms in household decisions about electricity efficiency. For our qualitative research, we conducted focus groups with three different household types: (1) share houses/young couples with no children; (2) households with children; and (3) empty nest/elderly households in three regional centres in New South Wales, Australia (total of 76 respondents in nine focus groups). Specifically, we found that household norms were evident in the decision‐making process through rules and expectations about behaviour and the use of sanctions to enforce or shaped that behaviour. We identified several drivers of household norms including a household member taking the role of ‘efficiency champion’ and the occurrence of critical incidents in the household. In addition, we found that household members try to establish household norms to socialize household members with the goal of the intergenerational transmission of desirable behaviours. Based on these observations, we conclude that household members employ norms to regulate and reduce their electricity consumption, and as a mechanism for consumer socialization. As such, our findings are important for marketers and policy makers tasked with regulating household consumption.