bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Crosstalk Between Cancer and Osteoblast Lineage Cells Fuels Metastatic Growth in Bone via Auto-Amplification of IL-6 and RANKL Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zheng Yu , Chow Shu-Oi , Boernert Katja , Basel Dennis , Mikuscheva Anastasia , Kim Sarah , Fong-Yee Colette , Trivedi Trupti , Buttgereit Frank , Sutherland Robert L , Dunstan Colin R , Zhou Hong , Seibel Markus J 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The bone microenvironment and its modification by cancer and host cell interactions is a key driver of skeletal metastatic growth. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulates receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in bone cells, and serum IL-6 levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. We investigated the effects of RANKL on cancer cells and the role of tumor-derived IL-6 within the bone microenvironment. Using human breast cancer cell lines to induce tumors in the bone of immune-deficient mice, we first determined whether RANKL released by cells of the osteoblast lineage directly promotes IL-6 expression by cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We then disrupted of IL-6 signaling in vivo either via knockdown of IL-6 in tumor cells or through treatment with specific anti-human or anti-mouse IL-6 receptor antibodies to investigate the tumor effect. Finally, we tested the effect of RANK knockdown in cancer cells on cancer growth. We demonstrate that osteoblast lineage-derived RANKL upregulates secretion of IL-6 by breast cancers in vivo and in vitro. IL-6, in turn, induces expression of RANK by cancer cells, which sensitizes the tumor to RANKL and significantly enhances cancer IL-6 release. Disruption in vivo of this auto-amplifying crosstalk by knockdown of IL-6 or RANK in cancer cells, or via treatment with anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies, significantly reduces tumor growth in bone but not in soft tissues. RANKL and IL-6 mediate direct paracrine-autocrine signaling between cells of the osteoblast lineage and cancer cells, significantly enhancing the growth of metastatic breast cancers within bone. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Strategies for coordinating experimentation and modeling in integrative systems biology
Authors: MacLeod Miles , Nersessian Nancy J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we provide a novel analysis of the affordances and trade‐offs of different strategies for integrating model‐building and experimentation in integrative systems biology. Unimodal strategies rely on collaboration between experimenters and modelers in distinct laboratories. In a bimodal strategy modelers perform their own experiments. Each option has advantages and challenges. In the case of the labs we studied, the choice of strategy often depends on preferences held by lab directors as to the strategy that best achieves certain philosophical objectives concerning what they see as the aims of modeling in systems biology and the epistemic standards to apply to it. We identify an important connection between philosophical divisions in systems biology and the structure of research in systems biology. Better knowledge of these strategies and their philosophical motivations provide insight behind the diversifying structure of the field, and can help lab directors understand the challenges their researchers face, as well as the training and lab organization options available. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 230–239, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular imaging of angiogenesis to delineate the tumor margins in glioma rat model with endoglin‐targeted paramagnetic liposomes using 3T MRI
Authors: Qiu Long‐Hua , Zhang Jia‐Wen , Li Shu‐Ping , Xie Cao , Yao Zhen‐Wei , Feng Xiao‐Yuan 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo evaluate the use of endoglin‐targeted paramagnetic liposomes in delineating the glioma margins using magnetic resonance (MR) angiogenesis imaging in a rat model.Materials and MethodsFour liposome preparations, including nontargeted paramagnetic liposomes (Gd‐SLs), isotype control IgG‐coupled paramagnetic liposomes (IgG‐Gd‐SLs), endoglin monoclonal antibody coupled paramagnetic liposomes (MAb‐Gd‐SLs), and biotinylated antibodies (Bio‐MAb)/streptavidin‐coupled paramagnetic liposomes (SAv‐Gd‐SLs) for two‐step pretargeting imaging, were formulated. All animal experiments were carried out with the approval of the Shanghai Animal Care. C6 glioma‐bearing Sprague‐Dawley rats were intravenously injected with gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) or the previously mentioned liposomes (n = 5) and imaged with MR. T1‐weighted MRI was performed before and dynamically repeated after different contrast agents were injected. The enhancement features of the tumors were compared.ResultsThe signal enhancement of the tumor in the two‐step pretargeting group increased by 117.9 ± 5.3% at the periphery and 109.2 ± 3.5% in the center (P = 0.032) at the 8‐hour timepoint after SAv‐Gd‐SLs injection. Ring‐like enhancement margins were demonstrated at the periphery of the tumor in the two‐step targeted group. The specificity of the targeted liposomes was supported by the competitive study. The signal of peak enhancement using MAb‐Gd‐SLs was 59% less than that of the two‐step group and only slightly higher than the non‐targeted groups.ConclusionThe two‐step endoglin‐targeted imaging using biotin‐streptavidin interaction was demonstrated to induce intense enhancement of the tumor periphery, which implies that this advanced MR molecular contrast agent may be suitable for accurately delineating glioma tumor margins. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1056–1064. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does post‐infectious olfactory loss affect mood more severely than chronic sinusitis with olfactory loss?
Authors: Jung Yong G. , Lee Jun‐Seok , Park Gi C. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives/HypothesisOlfactory deficits that develop after viral upper respiratory infection (URI) may have different effects on patient depression index compared to chronic sinusitis with olfactory loss. However, there have been no controlled trials to evaluate the different effects of chronic sinusitis and URI on depression index.Study DesignProspective study of 25 subjects in two groups.MethodsThis study enrolled 25 participants who were diagnosed with post‐URI olfactory loss as the study group and 25 patients with chronic sinusitis and olfactory loss as a control group. Control group participants were matched for age, sex, and degree of olfactory loss (threshold, discrimination, and identification [TDI]). We compared the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of each group and analyzed the correlation between TDI and BDI.ResultsThe mean BDI score of the post‐URI group was significantly higher than that of the control group (14.52 ± 6.59 vs. 9.32 ± 5.23; P=.002). Age, sex, and TDI score did not affect BDI score in the post‐URI olfactory loss group. However, BDI score in the sinusitis group was inversely correlated with TDI score (R=−0.423; P=.035), and the BDI score of female subjects (11.00 ± 5.13) was significantly higher than that of male subjects (5.00 ± 2.16; P = .047).ConclusionsPost‐URI olfactory loss affected patient mood more severely than chronic sinusitis with a similar degree of olfactory loss. This influence was not affected by sex, age, or TDI score in the post‐URI olfactory loss group.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 124:2456–2460, 2014
Secure key distribution over a 500 km long link using a Raman ultra‐long fiber laser
Authors: El‐Taher Atalla , Kotlicki Omer , Harper Paul , Turitsyn Sergei , Scheuer Jacob 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn traditional communication systems the transmission medium is considered as a given characteristic of the channel, which does not depend on the properties of the transmitter and the receiver. Recent experimental demonstrations of the feasibility of extending the laser cavity over the whole communication link connecting the two parties, forming an ultra‐long fiber laser (UFL), have raised groundbreaking possibilities in communication and particularly in secure communications. Here, a 500 km long secure key distribution link based on Raman gain UFL is demonstrated. An error‐free distribution of a random key with an average rate of 100 bps between the users is demonstrated and the key is shown to be unrecoverable to an eavesdropper employing either time or frequency domain passive attacks.
Crystal structure of toxin HP0892 from Helicobacter pylori with two Zn(II) at 1.8 Å resolution
Authors: Im Hookang , Jang Sun‐Bok , Pathak Chinar , Yang Yeon‐Jin , Yoon Hye‐Jin , Yu Tae‐Kyung , Suh Jeong‐Yong , Lee Bong‐Jin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAntibiotic resistance and microorganism virulence have been consistently exhibited by bacteria and archaea, which survive in conditions of environmental stress through toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems. The HP0892–HP0893 TA system is one of the two known TA systems belonging to Helicobacter pylori. The antitoxin, HP0893, binds and inhibits the HP0892 toxin and regulates the transcription of the TA operon. Here, we present the crystal structure of the zinc‐bound HP0892 toxin at 1.8 Å resolution. Reorientation of residues at the mRNase active site was shown. The involved residues, namely E58A, H86A, and H58A/ H60A, were mutated and the binding affinity was monitored by ITC studies. Through the structural difference between the apo and the metal‐bound state, and using a homology modeling tool, the involvement of the metal ion in mRNase active site could be identified. The most catalytically important residue, His86, reorients itself to exhibit RNase activity. His47, Glu58, and His60 are involved in metal binding where Glu58 acts as a general base and His47 and His60 may also act as a general acid in enzymatic activity. Glu58 and Asp64 are involved in substrate binding and specific sequence recognition. Arg83 is involved in phosphate binding and stabilization of the transition state, and Phe90 is involved in base packing and substrate orientation.
Electrically tunable nonreciprocity of microwave transmission through “ferrite‐varactor loaded resonant element” planar metastructure
Authors: Kraftmakher G. A. , Butylkin V. S. , Kazantsev Yu. N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe suggest new planar metastructures “ferrite plate–varactor‐loaded resonant element” that provide voltage tunable nonreciprocity of microwaves transmission in contrast to traditional magnetic control. The effect is observed by tuning varactor capacitance with changing reverse‐bias voltages under the ferromagnetic resonance excitation near the varactor‐loaded element resonance frequency. Wide tuning range has been obtained with nonreciprocity 19 dB between 5.4 and 5.9 GHz. Presented metastructures are useful for the development of quick‐tunable nonreciprocal systems. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonance measurements in nanostructured arrays
Authors: Raposo V. , Flores A. G. , Zazo M. , Sánchez M. , Iñiguez J. I. , Redondo C. , Navas D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFerromagnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful technique to analyse the dynamic properties of nanostructured materials. In order to understand the dynamic phenomena in these samples, nickel and permalloy nanostructured dot and line arrays have been prepared using interference lithography. Temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance measurements have been carried out at a frequency of 9.5 GHz as a function of magnetic field from 85 K to room temperature. Nickel and permalloy based samples present a different temperature dependence of the resonance field, with decreasing and increasing values respectively with higher temperatures. Resonance linewidth in permalloy is nearly constant while nickel arrays present a small decrease with increasing temperature. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wideband ferromagnetic resonance in nanostructured line arrays
Authors: Raposo V. , Flores A. G. , Zazo M. , Iñiguez J. I. , Muñoz J. M. , Hernández P. , Torres C. , Redondo C. , Navas D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDynamic properties of magnetic nanostructures have recently been intensively studied due to their potential application in high density perpendicular recording media or magnetic sensors. Permalloy nanostructured line arrays have been prepared using interference lithography. The film thickness is of 50 nm for different lattice periods. The anisotropy field can be investigated by various techniques. One of these techniques is the ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) due to the fact that the resonance field depends directly on the anisotropy. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements have been carried out at as a function of frequency from 1 to 10 GHz for magnetic fields up to 10 kA/m. The sample was placed in coplanar waveguide with the sample plane parallel to the magnetic field. The frequency dependence of the resonance field can be used to calculate the magnetization saturation and anisotropy field under suitable approximations. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetisation and magnetoresistance of Mo/Fe/Co superlattices
Authors: Antipov S. D. , Goryunov G. E. , Kaminskaya T. P. , Kornilov A. A. , Novikov I. M. , Pivkina M. N. , Senina V. A. , Smirnitskaya G. V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present experimental studies of the structure, magnetic behavior and magnetoresistance of magnetic superlattices (MSL) [Mo(12Å)Fe(xÅ)Co(21Å)]*100 (x=4÷43). MSLs have been obtained by cathode sputtering with oscillating electrons on the substrate of mica (muscovite). MSLs investigated at room temperature are soft ferromagnets with induced in‐plane magnetic anisotropy. Changes in the spontaneous magnetization Iso and coercive force Hc, depending on the thickness of Co layers, are of oscillatory behavior, which is apparently because of the interference effects of electron waves in the spacers and interfaces. Stepped shape of the measured hysteresis loops for some MSLs, is apparently determined by the vortex behavior of the clusters magnetic moments, located in the sample plane, that is confirmed by measurements carried out on the scanning probe microscope. The observed high values of Iso, normalized to the content of Fe and Co, exceeding Iso(Fe)=1710 Gs may be observed due to increasing values of spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe and Co in the cluster formations and in the interfaces in the states of low‐dimensional local atomic environment, as well as the possible formation of ferromagnetic order in Mo clusters. Studies of resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples at temperatures from 10 K to 290 K show semiconducting behavior of resistance and a positive sign of the magnetoresistance. The maximum value of MR for a sample of [Mo (12A) Fe (16A) Co (21A)] x100 was 0.04% for [Mo (12A) Fe (10A) Co (21A)]x100 ‐ 0.5%. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identifying the proton transfer reaction mechanism via a proton‐bound dimeric intermediate for esomeprazoles by a kinetic method combined with density functional theory calculations
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Zhang Feifei , Zhu Kundan , Ye Xuemin , Shen Lingxiao , Chen Jiaoyu , Mo Weimin 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALEEsomeprazole analogs are a class of important proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of gastro‐esophageal reflux diseases. Understanding the fragmentation reaction mechanism of the protonated esomeprazole analogs will facilitate the characterization of their complex metabolic fate in humans. In this paper, the kinetic method and theoretical calculations were applied to evaluate the fragmentation of protonated esomeprazole analogs.METHODSAll collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry experiments were carried out using electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. Also the accurate masses of fragments were measured on by ESI quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) MS in positive ion mode. Theoretical calculations were carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method with the 6‐31G(d) basis set in the Gaussian 03 program.RESULTSIn the fragmentation of the protonated esomeprazole analogs, C–S bond breakage is observed, which gives rise to protonated 2‐(sulfinylmethylene)pyridines and protonated benzimidazoles. DFT calculations demonstrate that the nitrogen atom of the pyridine part is the thermodynamically most favorable protonation site, and the C–S bond cleavage is triggered by the transfer of this ionizing proton from the nitrogen atom of the pyridine part to the carbon atom of the benzimidazole part to which the sulfinyl is attached. Moreover, with the kinetic plot, the intensity ratios of two protonated product ions yield a linear relationship with the differences in proton affinities of the corresponding neutral molecules, which provides strong experimental evidence that the reaction proceeds via proton‐bound 2‐(sulfinylmethylene)pyridine/benzimidazole complex intermediates.CONCLUSIONSThe kinetic method combined with theoretical calculations was successfully applied to probe the proton transfer reaction by proton‐bound 2‐(sulfinylmethylene)pyridine/benzimidazole complexes in the fragmentation of protonated esomeprazole analogs by ESI CID MS, which is a strong evidence that the kinetic method can be applied in identifying a proton‐bound dimeric intermediate in the fragmentation of protonated ions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different pools of postsynaptic GABAA receptors mediate inhibition evoked by low‐ and high‐frequency presynaptic stimulation at hippocampal synapses
Authors: Stepanyuk Andrey R. , Borisyuk Anya L. , Tsugorka Tetiana M. , Belan Pavel V. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPatterns of short‐term synaptic plasticity could considerably differ between synapses of the same axon. This may lead to separation of synaptic receptors transmitting either low‐ or high‐frequency signals and, therefore, may have functional consequences for the information transfer in the brain. Here, we estimated a degree of such separation at hippocampal GABAergic synapses using a use‐dependent GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, to selectively suppress a pool of GABAA receptors monosynaptically activated during the low‐frequency stimulation. The relative changes in postsynaptic responses evoked by the high‐frequency stimulation before and after such block were used to estimate the contribution of this GABAA receptor pool to synaptic transmission at high frequencies. Using this approach, we have shown that IPSCs evoked by low‐frequency (0.2 Hz) stimulation and asynchronous currents evoked by high‐frequency (20–40 Hz) stimulation are mediated by different pools of postsynaptic GABAA receptors. Thus, our findings suggest that inhibition produced by a single hippocampal interneuron may be selectively routed to different postsynaptic targets depending on the presynaptic discharge frequency. Synapse 68:344–354, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The toxicity side‐effects of androgen deprivation therapy: the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chowdhury Subhra , Dumas Lucy , Chowdhury Simon 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this series, the authors present cases of men being treated with androgen deprivation therapy, and highlight their management to prevent and treat associated toxicities. This fifth article will consider the management of the metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Award‐Winning Authors and Illustrators Talk About Writing and Teaching Writing
Authors: Stagg Peterson Shelley 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFrom interviews with nine award‐winning authors and illustrators of informational books, novels and picture books come three themes that are helpful to teachers in supporting students’ writing development: (1) students’ writing should come from their interests and passions; (2) students need time and opportunity to nurture their curiosity about potential writing topics; and (3) receiving ongoing reader‐based feedback gives students a sense of the impact of their writing on readers. The illustrators’ and authors’ suggestions are particularly important at a time when national and provincial curricula require teachers to teach the technical aspects of writing, such as mastering particular text forms to achieve academic purposes, or conforming to writing conventions.
Nurturing the Inquiring Mind Through the Nonfiction Read‐Aloud
Authors: Stead Tony 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article Tony Stead examines the importance of the nonfiction read aloud as part of ongoing daily instruction. He highlights the need to empower students in both academic achievement, and as life long lovers of nonfiction, through focused informational literature.Many teachers struggle when selecting appropriate nonfiction materials and Tony gives helpful tips in what to look for in the selection process. He further provides a valuable list of nonfiction texts he has successfully used in the classroom. Valuable guidelines are provided in how to read selected literature to students to provide motivation and interest.The article also provides readers with a powerful strategy called the Reading and Analyzing Nonfiction Strategy (R.A.N.) This strategy encourages students to gain literal understandings, and raise questions and inferences from information read. It is an excellent means to get students to respond to what they are reading apart from simply listing memorized facts.
Introduction of misoprostol for the treatment of incomplete abortion beyond 12 weeks of pregnancy in Benin
Authors: Adisso Sosthène , Hounkpatin Benjamin I.B. , Komongui Gounnou D. , Sambieni Olivier , Perrin René X. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImproving the care of women who have undergone a spontaneous or induced abortion is an important step in reducing abortion‐related morbidity and mortality. Both the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and the World Health Organization recommend the use of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol rather than sharp curettage to treat incomplete abortion. MVA was introduced into the public healthcare service in Benin in 2006 and since 2008 misoprostol has been available in 3 large maternity hospitals. The present study opted to use an oral dose of 800 μg and not to limit to pregnancies of up to 12 weeks, but to include women with second trimester abortions. After 5 years, results show that around three‐quarters of the women treated with misoprostol at 13–18 weeks of pregnancy required MVA to complete uterine evacuation and approximately one‐quarter had severe bleeding, confirming that the indication of misoprostol for incomplete abortion should be limited to pregnancies of up to 12 weeks.
TRACKING CHANGES IN STATES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE OVER TIME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA THROUGH COHORT AND PERIOD ANALYSES
Authors: MADSEN ELIZABETH LEAHY , KUANG BERNICE , ROSS JOHN 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIt is difficult to gauge the success of programmatic efforts to reduce unmet need for contraception without knowing whether individual women have had their need met and adopted contraception. However, the number of true longitudinal datasets tracking the transition of panels of individual women in and out of states of contraceptive use is limited. This study analyses changes in contraceptive use states using Demographic and Health Survey data for 22 sub-Saharan African countries. A cohort approach, tracking representative samples of five-year age groups longitudinally across surveys, as well as period-based techniques, are applied to indicate whether new users of contraception have been drawn from women who previously had no need and/or those who had unmet need for family planning. The results suggest that a greater proportion of increases in contraceptive use in recent years can be attributed to decreases in the percentage of women with no need, especially among younger women, than to decreases in the proportion with unmet need.