bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW MODEL FOR HEAD LOSS ASSESSMENT OF SCREEN FILTERS DEVELOPED WITH DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS IN DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Wu Wenyong , Chen Wei , Liu Honglu , Yin Shiyang , Niu Yong 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis study is based on data of the hydraulic analysis of 15 types of screen filters, incorporating such technical parameters as the pipe inlet/outlet inner diameter Dp, angle between filter body and inlet/outlet a, filter pore diameter ds, filter mesh number M, water velocity of inlet/outlet vi, and average water velocity of filter pore vm to develop a dimensional head loss model. The regression coefficient is 0.951 and the correlation coefficient R between the measured value and predicted value is 0.97. Using the model to study filter head loss variations as different structure parameters change, and the variation of structure parameters would lead to the changes of vi, vm, Re and Fr, consequently resulting in head loss variation. It was found that the head loss decreases significantly as the inlet/outlet diameter and filter mesh diameter decrease. An increasing angle or filter mesh size (while keeping the filter diameter constant) does not have a significant impact on the screen filter head loss. For the screen filter structural design, the proper inner diameter of inlet/outlet and filter mesh diameter should be selected to reduce both water head loss along the path and local head loss. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures With Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertensive Community-Dwelling Elderly
Authors: Butt Debra A , Mamdani Muhammad , Gomes Tara , Lix Lisa , Lu Hong , Tu Karen ,   on behalf of the Hypertension Outcome, Surveillance Team
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used to treat hypertension; however, in vivo and clinical studies suggest that ARBs and ACE inhibitors may exert different effects on bone. The association between long-term use of ARBs and ACE inhibitors and fracture requiring medical attention is limited. We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching using administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, to examine the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures in hypertensive elderly treated with ARBs versus ACE inhibitors. We identified a cohort of newly treated hypertensive patients aged 66 years and older who initiated an ACE inhibitor from May 1, 2004, to March 31, 2012, and matched them to ARB users on propensity score, sex, and age at drug initiation. The primary outcome was hip fracture, and secondary outcomes were non-hip major osteoporotic fractures (other femoral, clinical vertebral, forearm, wrist, humerus) and other osteoporotic fractures (pelvis, clavicle, patella, shoulder, upper arm, tibia, fibula, ankle, scapula, ribs, sternum, trunk). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards model with robust standard errors. Of the 87,635 patients who initiated treatment, 28,819 (32.9%) started ARBs and 58,816 (67.1%) started ACE inhibitors. Among new ARB users, 27,815 (96.5%) were successfully matched to ACE inhibitor users. Without dose adjustment, no significant association was observed for ARBs relative to ACE inhibitor users for hip fractures (HR = 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.11), with a decreased risk of other major osteoporotic fractures (HR = 0.81; CI 0.70–0.93) and no significant association for other osteoporotic fractures (HR = 0.88; CI 0.74–1.05). When adjusted for dosage, there was no significant difference between the effects of ARBs and ACE inhibitors on hip (HR = 0.99; CI 0.78–1.25), other major osteoporotic (HR = 0.87; CI 0.75–1.01), and other osteoporotic fractures (HR = 0.90; CI 0.74–1.08). © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Shanbhogue Vikram V , Hansen Stinus , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Brixen Kim , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Although the expected skeletal manifestations of testosterone deficiency in Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) are osteopenia and osteoporosis, the structural basis for this is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in patients with KS. Thirty-one patients with KS confirmed by lymphocyte chromosome karyotyping aged 35.8 ± 8.2 years were recruited consecutively from a KS outpatient clinic and matched with respect to age and height with 31 healthy subjects aged 35.9 ± 8.2 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HR-pQCT were performed in all participants, and blood samples were analyzed for hormonal status and bone biomarkers in KS patients. Twenty-one KS patients were on long-term testosterone-replacement therapy. In weight-adjusted models, HR-pQCT revealed a significantly lower cortical area (p &lt; 0.01), total and trabecular vBMD (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04), trabecular bone volume fraction (p = 0.04), trabecular number (p = 0.05), and estimates of bone strength, whereas trabecular spacing was higher (p = 0.03) at the tibia in KS patients. In addition, cortical thickness was significantly reduced, both at the radius and tibia (both p &lt; 0.01). There were no significant differences in indices of bone structure, estimated bone strength, or bone biomarkers in KS patients with and without testosterone therapy. This study showed that KS patients had lower total vBMD and a compromised trabecular compartment with a reduced trabecular density and bone volume fraction at the tibia. The compromised trabecular network integrity attributable to a lower trabecular number with relative preservation of trabecular thickness is similar to the picture found in women with aging. KS patients also displayed a reduced cortical area and thickness at the tibia, which in combination with the trabecular deficits, compromised estimated bone strength at this site. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Generalization of Alternating Sign Matrices
Authors: Brualdi Richard A. , Kim Hwa K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn alternating sign matrices, the first and last nonzero entry in each row and column is specified to be +1. Such matrices always exist. We investigate a generalization by specifying independently the sign of the first and last nonzero entry in each row and column to be either a +1 or a −1. We determine necessary and sufficient conditions for such matrices to exist whose proof contains an algorithm for their construction.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of pasireotide LAR in patients with acromegaly: A randomized, multicenter, open‐label, phase I study
Authors: Petersenn Stephan , Bollerslev Jens , Arafat Ayman M. , Schopohl Jochen , Serri Omar , Katznelson Laurence , Lasher Janet , Hughes Gareth , Hu Ke , Shen George , Reséndiz Karina Hermosillo , Giannone Vanessa , Beckers Albert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPasireotide (SOM230), a multireceptor‐targeted somatostatin analogue, has exhibited favorable safety/tolerability in several clinical studies. A long‐acting‐release (LAR) formulation of pasireotide may offer advantages over the subcutaneous formulation. This randomized, open‐label, Phase I study evaluated the safety, PK, and PD of pasireotide LAR 20, 40, or 60 mg/month in patients with acromegaly. Safety assessments and blood samples for PK and PD were taken at designated time points. Thirty‐five patients were randomized and completed the study. Steady‐state pasireotide concentrations were achieved following three monthly injections. Trough pasireotide concentrations (ng/mL) 28 days after each injection were: 2.48, 4.16, and 3.10 (20 mg group); 6.42, 6.62, and 7.12 (40 mg group); and 9.51, 11.7, and 13.0 (60 mg group). At study end, 51% and 57% of patients achieved GH levels ≤2.5 μg/L and IGF‐1 levels below ULN, respectively. Compared with baseline, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels increased, whereas fasting blood insulin levels decreased. Acromegaly symptoms were generally improved. Adverse events were mostly gastrointestinal and mild/moderate. Pasireotide LAR was generally well tolerated. Steady‐state PK was achieved after three monthly doses; exposures were approximately dose proportional. Control of GH, IGF‐1, and symptoms improved, suggesting that pasireotide LAR may be an effective treatment for acromegaly.
Water vapor removal using CA/PEG blending materials coated hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Kim KeeHong , Ingole Pravin G. , Yun SangHee , Choi WonKil , Kim JongHak , Lee HyungKeun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a polyethersulfone composite hollow fiber membrane was used for the separation of water vapor from mixed gas. For improvement of the separation properties, the fabricated membrane was coated with cellulose acetate (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG).RESULTSExperiments on the permeation of water vapor and N2 gas mixture were performed to observe membrane behavior as a function of the coating conditions, such as the composition and molecular weight of PEG. The water vapor permeance and selectivity of water vapor/N2 improved from 68.5 GPU to 444.1 GPU and from 76.1 to 175.5, respectively, using 5 wt% PEG 2000 blended coating solution.CONCLUSIONAn increase in the PEG content and molecular weight of the coating solution affected the permeance and selectivity due to the hydrophilicity of PEG and the structural changes of the coating layer. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Registration‐based autofocusing technique for automatic correction of motion artifacts in time‐series studies of high‐resolution bone MRI
Authors: Zhang Ning , Magland Jeremy F. , Song Hee Kwon , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo develop a registration‐based autofocusing (RAF) motion correction technique for high‐resolution trabecular bone (TB) imaging and to evaluate its performance on in vivo MR data.Materials and MethodsThe technique combines serial registration with a previously developed motion correction technique — autofocusing — for automatic correction of subject movement degradation of MR images acquired in longitudinal studies. The method was tested on in vivo images of the distal radius to measure improvements in serial reproducibility of parameters in 12 women (ages 50–75 years), and to compare with the navigator echo‐based correction and autofocusing. Furthermore, the technique's ability to optimize the sensitivity to detect simulated bone loss was ascertained.ResultsThe new technique yielded superior reproducibility of image‐derived structural and mechanical parameters. Average coefficient of variation across all parameters improved by 12.5%, 27.0%, 33.5%, and 37.0%, respectively, following correction by navigator echoes, autofocusing, and the RAF technique (without and with correction for rotational motion); average intra‐class correlation coefficient increased by 1.2%, 2.2%, 2.8%, and 3.2%, respectively. Furthermore, simulated bone loss (5%) was well recovered independent of the choice of reference image (4.71% or 4.86% with respect to using either the original or the image subjected to bone loss) in the time series.ConclusionThe data suggest that our technique simultaneously corrects for intra‐scan motion corruption while improving inter‐scan registration. Furthermore, the technique is not biased by small changes in bone architecture between time‐points. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:954–963. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories
Authors: Hannah Sean T. , Sumanth John J. , Lester Paul , Cavarretta Fabrice 
Published: May 2014

SummaryLeadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in soleus H‐reflex during walking in middle‐aged, healthy subjects
Authors: Raffalt Peter C. , Alkjær Tine , Simonsen Erik B. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: To assess the effect of aging on stretch reflex modulation during walking, soleus H‐reflexes obtained in 15 middle‐aged (mean age 56.4 ± 6.9 years) and 15 young (mean age 23.7 ± 3.9 years) subjects were compared. Methods: The H‐reflex amplitude, muscle activity (EMG) of the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, and EMG/H‐reflex gain were measured during 4‐km/h treadmill walking. Results: The normalized H‐reflex amplitude was lower in the swing phase for the middle‐aged group, and there was no difference in muscle activity. EMG/H‐reflex gain did not differ between groups. Conclusions: H‐reflex amplitude during walking was affected by aging, and changes during the swing phase could be seen in the middle‐aged subjects. Subdividing the 2 age groups into groups of facilitated or suppressed swing‐phase H‐reflex revealed that the H‐reflex amplitude modulation pattern in the group with facilitated swing‐phase H‐reflex may be influenced by aging. Muscle Nerve 51: 419–425, 2015
Food Availability as a Determinant of Weight Gain Among Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bloodworth Robin F. , Ward Kenneth D. , Relyea George E. , Cashion Ann K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExcessive weight gain is common after renal transplantation, but it is unknown whether environmental factors, such as food availability, contribute to this important clinical problem. We evaluated the effects of food availability (fast food restaurants, convenience stores, and grocery stores within 1, 2, and 3 mile buffers of transplant recipients' residences) on body mass index (BMI) change during the first year post‐transplant. Participants (n = 299) resided in Memphis, Tennessee. BMI increased by 1.42 units (p < .001) corresponding to an average weight gain of 9.25 lbs (5.43%) during the first year post‐transplant. The number of grocery stores within 1 mile of recipient's residence was associated with an increase in BMI (p < .05), but fast food restaurants and convenience stores were not significantly associated with BMI change. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preadmission Statin Use Does Not Improve Functional Outcomes or Prevent Delayed Ischemic Events in Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Lizza Bryan D. , Kosteva Adam , Maas Matthew B. , Rosenberg Neil F. , Liotta Eric , Guth James , Levasseur‐Franklin Kimberly E. , Naidech Andrew M. 
Published: May 2014

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether preadmission statin use in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with improved functional outcomes and a lower incidence of delayed cerebral ischemic events compared with statin‐naive patients with SAH.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNeurosciences intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital.PatientsA total of 295 consecutive patients with SAH admitted between March 2006 and May 2013 who had complete medication histories; of these patients, 41 reported taking a statin prior to admission, and 254 were statin naive.InterventionAll patients received clinical management for SAH according to hospital protocol for standard care that included acute statin therapy with enteral pravastatin 40 mg/day on hospital day 1 for up to 21 days.Measurements and Main ResultsFunctional outcomes were assessed by using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 14 days, 28 days, and 3 months. Delayed cerebral ischemia was assessed by using clinical evaluation and computed tomography. Patients taking statins prior to admission were more likely to have a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. No significant difference in favorable neurologic outcome (mRS score 0–3) at 3 months was observed between the preadmission statin group compared with the statin‐naive group (56.3% vs 72.4%, p=0.095). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only age, severity of rupture, and coronary artery disease were less likely to predict a favorable neurologic outcome. No significant difference in the development of delayed cerebral ischemic events was observed between groups (p=0.48).ConclusionStatin use prior to admission did not improve functional outcomes or prevent delayed cerebral ischemic events in patients with SAH. Age, severity of rupture, and coronary artery disease were less likely to predict a favorable neurologic outcome at 3 months after discharge.
A systematic review of men's experiences of their partner's mastectomy: coping with altered bodies
Authors: Rowland Emma , Metcalfe Alison 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore men's experiences of their partner's altered physique and body image as a result of mastectomy and subsequent reconstructive surgeries.DesignA systematic review of qualitative and mixed‐methods studies.Data sourcesOvid, EBSCOhost, Web of science, SCOPUS and ASSIA ProQuest databases were searched using 1) truncations of breast cancer, hereditary breast cancer and BRCA 2) words relating to partner relationships; spouse, husband, partner, men and couple 3) breast cancer surgeries; mastectomy, prophylactic mastectomy and breast reconstruction and 4) body image.Review methodMethodological rigour was quality assessed.ResultsA total of 756 citations were retrieved. Seventeen articles remained following the removal of duplicates, papers unrelated to breast cancer, male breast cancer, papers that excluded men's experiences of their partner's breast cancer and altered body image. Thematic analysis was applied and produced five themes: experiences of the altered body, communication, impact on relationship, information giving and recommendations.ConclusionMen indicated that perceptions of their partner's altered physique and body image, following mastectomy, was secondary to their health. Some men were distressed by their partner's bodily alterations leading to highly complex and emotive coping mechanisms. Men found talking to their partner about physique and body image challenging. Closed communication, however, often led to conflict and poor psychological well‐being in both partners. To help prepare for the changes to their partner's body, men desired tailored information. Effective information giving contributes to effective coping strategies helping men to better support their partner affected or at risk from breast cancer, leading to enhanced psychological and emotional well‐being in couples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of doping precursor on band gap and morphologies of sol‐gel deposited ZnMgO thin films
Authors: Singh Amanpal , Saini Sonia , Kumar Dinesh , Khanna P. K. , Kumar Mukesh , Prasad B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractZn1–xMgxO thin films were deposited by sol–gel route on p–type Si (100) and quartz substrates. It is ob‐served that the incorporation of Mg and morphological features of the sol–gel derived Zn1–xMgxO thin films extremely depend upon the selection of doping (Mg) precursor salts. Investigation of different doping precursors such as magnesium acetate, magne‐sium chloride and magnesium nitrate have been carried out. Zn1–xMgxO (x = 0.15) thin films deposited us‐ing each doping source were annealed at 300, 500, 700 and 900 °C in the presence of oxygen for one hour. The results showed that the magnesium nitrate required lower annealing temperature and provided good quality of films, However traces of N were observed in the films. The surface morphology and microstructure of the depos‐ited thin films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The crystallite dimension, shape and the growth rate were found to be significantly affected by dopant precursors. The chemical compositions were determined by elemen‐tal dispersive spectra. The band gap modulation is stud‐ied by varying the magnesium content from x = 0.00 to 0.40 for each type of salt for Mg doping. The Zn1–xMgxO films deposited using magnesium chloride exhib‐ited poor band gap modulation and lower quality of mi‐crostructure. The films deposited using magnesium ace‐tate exhibited minimum defects, good crystallinity and higher band gap modulation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and structural properties of Al2O3/ZnO nanolaminates deposited by ALD method
Authors: Chaaya Adib Abou , Viter Roman , Baleviciute Ieva , Bechelany Mikhael , Ramanavicius Arunas , Erts Donats , Smyntyna Valentyn , Miele Philipe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report on the investigation of optical and structural properties of Al2O3/ZnO nanolaminates. The nanolaminates were deposited on Si and glass substrates by Atomic layer deposition method. Structural properties of nanolaminates were studied by SEM, GIXRD, and AFM. Optical characterization was performed by transmittance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Complex analysis of monolayer properties was done by ellipsometry. Optical constants for Al2O3 and ZnO monolayer were calculated.
Local structure and dynamics of wurtzite‐type ZnO from simulation‐based EXAFS analysis
Authors: Timoshenko Janis , Anspoks Andris , Kalinko Aleksandr , Kuzmin Alexei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractConventional methods of EXAFS data analysis are often limited to the nearest coordination shells of the absorbing atom due to the difficulties in accurate accounting for the so‐called multiple‐scattering effects. Besides, it is often difficult to resolve the non‐equivalent groups of atoms in a single coordination shell due to strong correlation between structural parameters. In this study we overcome these problems by applying two different simulation‐based methods, i.e., classical molecular dynamics (MD) and reverse Monte with evolutionary algorithm (EA), to the analysis of the Zn K‐edge EXAFS data for wurtzite‐type bulk ZnO. The RMC/EA‐EXAFS method allowed us to separate the contributions of thermal disorder and the effect of noncentrosymmetric zinc oxide structure, being responsible for its piezoelectrical and pyroelectrical properties. The MD‐EXAFS method allowed us to test the accuracy of several available force‐field models, which are commonly used in the MD simulations of ZnO nanostructures.