bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization
Authors: Shen P , Bagheri R , Walker GD , Yuan Y , Stanton DP , Reynolds C , Reynolds EC 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of calcium phosphate and fluoride containing varnishes to inhibit enamel demineralization.MethodsSix varnishes were selected for analysis: (1) Enamel Pro containing amorphous calcium phosphate; (2) Clinpro White containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP); (3) MI Varnish containing casein phosphopeptide‐stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP); (4) Duraphat (first no added calcium control); (5) Profluorid (second no added calcium control); and (6) placebo (no added calcium or fluoride control). Human enamel slabs (36) were each cut into half‐slabs and covered with one of the six dental varnishes to create a window. The half‐slabs were then individually immersed in a polyacrylate demineralization buffer pH 4.8 for four days at 37 °C with a change of solution each day. Mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography.ResultsAll fluoride‐containing varnishes significantly inhibited enamel demineralization when compared with the placebo varnish. However, out of the calcium phosphate and fluoride containing varnishes only MI Varnish, containing fluoride and CPP‐ACP was superior to the fluoride‐alone varnishes. MI Varnish also released the highest levels of calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions.ConclusionsMI Varnish containing fluoride and CPP‐ACP was superior to the other varnishes in protecting against enamel demineralization.
Adjuvant use of antibiotics with corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease exacerbations requiring hospitalisation: a retrospective cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta V. , Rodrigues R. , Nguyen D. , Sauk J. , Khalili H. , Yajnik V. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundPatients hospitalised with an exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often receive antibiotics in addition to intravenous steroids. However, their efficacy in this setting is unclear.AimTo ascertain if the addition of antibiotics to intravenous steroids modifies short and long‐term clinical outcomes.MethodsOur study included IBD patients hospitalised between 2009 and 2014 who received intravenous (IV) steroids with or without adjuvant antibiotics. Outcomes of interest included length of stay (LOS), need for medical and surgical rescue therapy during the hospitalisation, and at 90 and 365 days. A meta‐analysis of previously published randomised trials was additionally performed.ResultsA total of 354 patients were included [145 ulcerative colitis (UC); 209 Crohn's disease (CD)]. In CD, combination of IV steroids and antibiotics did not change need for in‐hospital medical rescue therapy, surgery or hospitalisations at 1 year but was associated with greater LOS (6.1 vs. 4.6 days, P = 0.02). In UC, patients receiving antibiotics were less likely to require in‐hospital medical rescue therapy [odds ratio (OR): 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19–0.93] but experienced no statistically significant differences in LOS, in‐hospital surgery, re‐hospitalisations or surgery by 1 year. A meta‐analysis of three relevant randomised trials demonstrated no difference in clinical improvement with antibiotics over placebo (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.50–2.32).ConclusionsThe addition of antibiotics to intravenous steroids for treatment of IBD exacerbations was associated with a reduced need for in‐hospital medical rescue therapy in ulcerative colitis without significant long‐term benefit, and did not affect short‐ or long‐term outcomes in Crohn's disease.
“Away Days” in multicenter randomized controlled trials: a questionnaire survey of their use and a case study on the effect of one Away Day on patient recruitment
Authors: Jefferson Laura , Cook Liz , Keding Ada , Brealey Stephen , Handoll Helen , Rangan Amar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective“Away Days” (trial promotion and training events for trial site personnel) are a well‐established method used by trialists to encourage engagement of research sites in the recruitment of patients to multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We explored the use of Away Days in multicenter RCTs and analyzed the effect on patient recruitment in a case study.MethodsMembers of the United Kingdom Trial Managers’ Network were surveyed in June 2013 to investigate their experiences in the design and conduct of Away Days in RCTs. We used data from a multicenter pragmatic surgical trial to explore the effects of an Away Day on the screening and recruitment of patients.ResultsA total of 94 people responded to the survey. The majority (78%), who confirmed had organized an Away Day previously, found them to be useful. This is despite their costs. There was no evidence, however, from the analysis of data from a surgical trial that attendance at an Away Day increased the number of patients screened or recruited at participating sites.ConclusionsAlthough those responsible for managing RCTs in the UK tend to believe that trial Away Days are beneficial, evidence from a multicenter surgical trial shows no improvement on a key indicator of trial success. This points to the need to carefully consider the aims, design, and conduct of Away Days. Further more rigorous research nested within RCTs would be valuable to evaluate the design and conduct of Away Days.
Nectar feeding increases exploratory behaviour in the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh)
Authors: Varennes Y.‐D. , Gonzalez Chang M. , Boyer S. , Wratten S. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFeeding on floral nectar has multiple positive effects on parasitic wasps, including increased longevity and fecundity, and in addition, nectar feeding can also alter parasitoid behaviour. To advance understanding of the effects of nectar feeding on Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae], the activities of 1‐day‐old female D. rapae with or without a prior buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) nectar meal were quantified. Nectar increased searching time of D. rapae by a factor of 40 compared with individuals provided with water only and reduced the time spent stationary. The number of attacks to aphids by nectar‐fed parasitoids was not significantly (P = 0.06) higher than that of unfed D. rapae, suggesting that the conditions of the experiment facilitated host finding by ‘quiet’ parasitoids. Nevertheless, nectar feeding modified the behaviour of D. rapae in a way that parasitoids were more explorative and less inactive. This represents one additional mechanism through which nectar feeding impacts parasitoid biology and suggests that a synergy between increased host searching, increased longevity and increased fecundity should lead to an enhancement of biocontrol when D. rapae females have access to nectar in the field.
S‐R compatibility effects on motor potentials associated with hand and foot movements
Authors: Miller Jeff 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo four‐choice reaction time (RT) experiments used the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and the limb selection potential (LSP) to assess the effects of spatial S‐R compatibility on motor processes. Individual stimuli were presented at one corner of a square centered at fixation, and each response was made with the left or right hand or foot. In Experiment 1, the correct response was determined by stimulus location, whereas in Experiment 2 it was determined by stimulus identity. Horizontal and vertical compatibility affected both RT and response accuracy, but the LRP and LSP results suggested that compatibility had little or no direct effect on the duration of motor processes. In addition, the results suggest that the relatively new LSP measure is a useful index of motor activation processes. Its insensitivity to horizontal stimulus artifacts makes it especially useful for studying the effects of horizontal spatial compatibility.
Government Response to the Discovery of a Rabies Virus Reservoir Species on a Previously Designated Rabies‐Free Island, Taiwan, 1999–2014
Authors: Chang S.‐S. , Tsai H.‐J. , Chang F.‐Y. , Lee T.‐S. , Huang K.‐C. , Fang K.‐Y. , Wallace R. M. , Inoue S. , Fei C.‐Y. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryTaiwan had been considered rabies free since 1961. In 2013, Taiwan confirmed the detection of rabies virus in wild Taiwan ferret‐badgers. Up to December 2014, there have been 423 rabies‐confirmed ferret‐badgers and three cases of spillover infection into non‐reservoir hosts. Genetic analysis indicates that TFBV is distinct from all other known rabies virus variants. To date, ferret‐badger rabies is known to occur only in China and Taiwan. The temporal dynamics of rabid ferret‐badgers in Taiwan suggests that the epizootic appears to have subsided to enzootic levels as of December 2014. According to the current epidemiologic data, there is only one TFBV strain in Taiwan. TFBV is still sequestered to the mountainous regions. Humans are at risk mainly through exposure to the virus from infected domestic meso‐carnivores, mainly dogs and cats. Dogs and cats should be vaccinated to establish an immunological barrier to stop the spread of the disease from mountainous regions to domestic meso‐carnivores.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Phenanthrene Degrader,
Burkholderia
sp. HB-1 (NBRC 110738)
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Moriya Azusa , Kato Hiromi , Ogawa Natsumi , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The phenanthrene-degrading
Burkholderia
sp. HB-1 was isolated from a phenanthrene-enrichment culture seeded with a pristine farm soil sample. We report the complete genome sequence of HB-1, which has been deposited to the stock culture (NBRC 110738) at Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Tokyo, Japan. The genome of strain HB-1 comprises two circular chromosomes of 4.1 Mb and 3.1 Mb. The finishing was facilitated by the computational tools GenoFinisher, AceFileViewer, and ShortReadManager.
Constraints on parton distributions and the strong coupling from LHC jet data
Authors: Rojo Juan 
Published: November 2015

Jet production at hadron colliders provides powerful constraints on the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, in particular on the gluon PDF. Jet production can also be used to extract the QCD coupling [Formula: see text] and to test its running with the momentum transfer up to the TeV region. In this review, I summarize the information on PDFs and the strong coupling that has been provided by Run I LHC jet data. First of all, I discuss why jet production is directly sensitive to the gluon and quark PDFs at large-x, and then review the state-of-the-art perturbative calculations for jet production at hadron colliders and the corresponding fast calculations required for PDF fitting. Then I present the results of various recent studies on the impact on PDFs, in particular the gluon, that have been performed using as input jet measurements from ATLAS and CMS. I also review the available determinations of the strong coupling constant based on ATLAS and CMS jet data, with emphasis on the fact that LHC jet data provides, for the first time, a direct test of the [Formula: see text] running at the TeV scale. I conclude with a brief outlook on possible future developments.
Bienvenida
Authors: Abarzua Eduardo 
Published: November 2015

Gestión y Tendencias (GESTEN) será el medio difusión del Departamento de Gestión y Negocios de la FEN, poniendo al servicio de la sociedad nuestra reflexión y propuestas en materia gestión.Queremos que GESTEN sea una aporte pertinente a los desafíos que enfrentan nuestras organizaciones, iluminando la reflexión y la toma de decisiones en la materia. Así, en cada número pondremos a disposición del lector opiniones de actualidad, estudios, reseñas de libros y otras maneras de compartir el resultado de nuestro trabajo.Queremos contribuir a dar claves para interpretar tendencias mayores en gestión, superando las modas o las prescripciones, con artículos breves que presenten información fundada y de frontera en temas relevantes vinculados a la gestión de empresas.Hemos optado por un medio digital y de fácil acceso desde cualquier lugar; queremos que nuestra producción sea conocida sin limitación alguna.Aspiramos a que GESTEN sea el instrumento que articule una comunidad de conocimiento y opinión que integre a nuestros investigadores, profesores y estudiantes.
Zooplankton of the highland bogs of Putana, a desert wetland of the high puna, northern Chile
Authors: Muñoz-Pedreros Andrés , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Möller Patricia 
Published: November 2015

The Atacama “puna” (high-altitude plateau) is situated among the high peaks of the Andes at over 4000 m a.s.l. This ecosystem covers parts of north-eastern Chile, north-western Argentina, south-eastern Peru, and mid-western Bolivia. The puna brings together several types of wetlands, such as salt-flats, lakes, rivers, high marshes, and highland bogs. Highland bogs are peatlands associated with endorheic basins. The object of this study was to analyse the specific composition and structure of the zooplankton of the bogs of the Putana River, on the Altiplano of northern Chile. In 2012, zooplankton samples were taken for qualitative and quantitative analysis at nine stations of the bog. Nine taxa of zooplanktonic crustaceans were recorded. The species richness is higher than records in other high Andean wetland at a similar altitude, although the species found have been reported for other high Andean wetlands and Andean lakes in Chile and from neighbouring countries.
On Averaging Aspect Ratios and Distortion Parameters over Ice Crystal Population Ensembles for Estimating Effective Scattering Asymmetry Parameters
Authors: van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M. , Cairns Brian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The use of ensemble-average values of aspect ratio and distortion parameter of hexagonal ice prisms for the estimation of ensemble-average scattering asymmetry parameters is evaluated. Using crystal aspect ratios greater than unity generally leads to ensemble-average values of aspect ratio that are inconsistent with the ensemble-average asymmetry parameters. When a definition of aspect ratio is used that limits the aspect ratio to below unity for both hexagonal plates and columns, the effective asymmetry parameters calculated using ensemble-average aspect ratios are generally consistent with ensemble-average asymmetry parameters, especially if aspect ratios are geometrically averaged. Ensemble-average distortion parameters generally also yield effective asymmetry parameters that are largely consistent with ensemble-average asymmetry parameters. In the case of mixtures of plates and columns, it is recommended to geometrically average the aspect ratios and to subsequently calculate the effective asymmetry parameter using a column or plate geometry when the contribution by columns to a given mixture’s total projected area is greater or less than 50%, respectively. In addition, it is shown that ensemble-average aspect ratios, distortion parameters, and asymmetry parameters can generally be retrieved accurately from simulated multidirectional polarization measurements based on mixtures of varying columns and plates. However, such retrievals tend to be somewhat biased toward yielding columnlike aspect ratios. Furthermore, generally large retrieval errors can occur for mixtures with approximately equal contributions of columns and plates and for ensembles with strong contributions of thin plates.
Resolution Sensitivity of Cyclone Climatology over Eastern Australia Using Six Reanalysis Products*
Authors: Di Luca Alejandro , Evans Jason P. , Pepler Acacia , Alexander Lisa , Argüeso Daniel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The climate of the eastern seaboard of Australia is strongly influenced by the passage of low pressure systems over the adjacent Tasman Sea due to their associated precipitation and their potential to develop into extreme weather events. The aim of this study is to quantify differences in the climatology of east coast lows derived from the use of six global reanalyses. The methodology is explicitly designed to identify differences between reanalyses arising from differences in their horizontal resolution and their structure (type of forecast model, assimilation scheme, and the kind and number of observations assimilated). As a basis for comparison, reanalysis climatologies are compared with an observation-based climatology. Results show that reanalyses, specially high-resolution products, lead to very similar climatologies of the frequency, intensity, duration, and size of east coast lows when using spatially smoothed (about 300-km horizontal grid meshes) mean sea level pressure fields as input data. Moreover, at these coarse horizontal scales, monthly, interannual, and spatial variabilities appear to be very similar across the various reanalyses with a generally stronger agreement between winter events compared with summer ones. Results also show that, when looking at cyclones using reanalysis data at their native resolution (approaching 50-km grid spacing for the most recent products), uncertainties related to the frequency, intensity, and size of lows are very large and it is not clear which reanalysis, if any, gives a better description of cyclones. Further work is needed in order to evaluate the usefulness of the finescale information in modern reanalyses and to better understand the sources of their differences.
Forced Near-Inertial Motion and Dissipation of Low-Frequency Kinetic Energy in a Wind-Driven Channel Flow
Authors: Taylor Stephanne , Straub David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing primitive equation simulations, a zonally periodic channel is considered. The channel flow is forced by a combination of steady and high-frequency winds. The high-frequency forcing excites near-inertial motion, and the focus is on how this influences the low-frequency, nearly geostrophic part of the flow. In particular, this study seeks to clarify how Reynolds stresses exerted by the near-inertial modes affect the low-frequency kinetic energy. In the system considered, the near-inertial Reynolds stresses (i) serve as a sink term in the low-frequency kinetic energy budget and (ii) transfer low-frequency kinetic energy downward from the mixed layer. Transfer spectra show the bulk of this sink to occur at relatively small horizontal wavenumber (i.e., in the mesoscale, not the submesoscale). The presence of near-inertial motion can also affect the kinetic-to-potential energy exchanges, especially within the low-frequency band.
Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar, and Lightning Characteristics
Authors: Kalina Evan A. , Friedrich Katja , Motta Brian C. , Deierling Wiebke , Stano Geoffrey T. , Rydell Nezette N. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Synoptic weather, S-band dual-polarization radar, and total lightning observations are analyzed from four thunderstorms that produced “plowable” hail accumulations of 15–60 cm in localized areas of the Colorado Front Range. Results indicate that moist, relatively slow (5–15 m s−1) southwesterly-to-westerly flow at 500 hPa and postfrontal low-level upslope flow, with 2-m dewpoint temperatures of 11°–19°C at 1200 LST, were present on each plowable hail day. This pattern resulted in column-integrated precipitable water values that were 132%–184% of the monthly means and freezing-level heights that were 100–700 m higher than average. Radar data indicate that between one and three maxima in reflectivity Z (68–75 dBZ) and 50-dBZ echo-top height (11–15 km MSL) occurred over the lifetime of each hailstorm. These maxima, which imply an enhancement in updraft strength, resulted in increased graupel and hail production and accumulating hail at the surface within 30 min of the highest echo tops. The hail core had Z ~ 70 dBZ, differential reflectivity ZDR from 0 to −4 dB, and correlation coefficient ρHV of 0.80–0.95. Time–height plots reveal that these minima in ZDR and ρHV gradually descended to the surface after originating at heights of 6–10 km MSL ~15–60 min prior to accumulating hailfall. Hail accumulations estimated from the radar data pinpoint the times and locations of plowable hail, with depths greater than 5 cm collocated with the plowable hail reports. Three of the four hail events were accompanied by lightning flash rates near the maximum observed thus far within the thunderstorm.
Lymph node trafficking of regulatory T cells is prerequisite for immune suppression
Authors: Huang Miao-Tzu , Lin Been-Ren , Liu Wei-Liang , Lu Chun-Wei , Chiang Bor-Luen 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Regulatory T cells have a crucial role in health and disease because of their immune regulation function. However, the anatomic sites where regulatory T cells exert optimal immune regulation are open to debate. In our current study with the use of a shear-stress flow assay, we found that regulatory T cells exhibited significantly decreased adhesion to either activated endothelial monolayer or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or E-selectin-coated surfaces compared with activated effector T cells. The less transmigration capacity of the regulatory T cells prompted our speculation of preferential lymph node localization for the regulatory T cells that endowed these cells with immune regulation function in the most efficient manner. To test this hypothesis, the role of lymph node localization in regulatory T cell–mediated immune suppression was evaluated with a footpad inflammation model. We found that adoptively transferred regulatory T cells inhibited the development of footpad inflammation. In addition, although blockage of CCR7 or CD62L had no effect on the immune suppressive function of the regulatory T cells per se, pretreatment of the regulatory T cells with either CCR7 or CD62L blocking antibodies prevented their recruitment into draining lymph nodes and concomitantly abrogated the immune suppressive effects of adoptively transferred regulatory T cells during footpad inflammation. Our data demonstrate the crucial role of lymph node localization in regulatory T cell–mediated immune suppression and suggest a probable hierarchy in the anatomic sites for optimal immune regulation. Elucidating the relationships between the transmigration characteristics of the regulatory T cells and their immune regulation function will provide insightful information for regulatory T cell–based cell therapy.
P2X7 receptor activation regulates rapid unconventional export of transglutaminase-2
Authors: Adamczyk Magdalena , Griffiths Rhiannon , Dewitt Sharon , Knäuper Vera , Aeschlimann Daniel 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Transglutaminases (denoted TG or TGM) are externalized from cells via an unknown unconventional secretory pathway. Here, we show for the first time that purinergic signaling regulates active secretion of TG2 (also known as TGM2), an enzyme with a pivotal role in stabilizing extracellular matrices and modulating cell–matrix interactions in tissue repair. Extracellular ATP promotes TG2 secretion by macrophages, and this can be blocked by a selective antagonist against the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R, also known as P2RX7). Introduction of functional P2X7R into HEK293 cells is sufficient to confer rapid, regulated TG2 export. By employing pharmacological agents, TG2 release could be separated from P2X7R-mediated microvesicle shedding. Neither Ca2+ signaling alone nor membrane depolarization triggered TG2 secretion, which occurred only upon receptor membrane pore formation and without pannexin channel involvement. A gain-of-function mutation in P2X7R associated with autoimmune disease caused enhanced TG2 externalization from cells, and this correlated with increased pore activity. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for a link between active TG2 secretion and inflammatory responses, and aberrant enhanced TG2 activity in certain autoimmune conditions.