bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsidized work before and after the German Hartz reforms: design of major schemes, evaluation results and lessons learnt
Authors: Wolff Joachim , Stephan Gesine 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis review discusses empirical studies on hiring subsidies in the private sector and on schemes directly providing usually public or non-profit sector jobs for the unemployed in Germany. An important effect of hiring subsidies is that they stabilise employment. For employment schemes, results before the Hartz reforms imply mostly negative average treatment effects on regular employment outcomes of the treated, while results are mostly positive after introducing the reforms. During the years 2003 to 2005, the benefit system was radically reformed and now emphasizes mutual obligations. That might be one reason for changes in the effectiveness of job creation schemes.JEL codesH53; J08; J68
Short-term training programs for immigrants in the German welfare system: do effects differ from natives and why?
Authors: Thomsen Stephan L , Walter Thomas , Aldashev Alisher 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We evaluate the individual employment effects of four types of short-term training for immigrants and natives in the German welfare system and identify differences in the effects determined by unobservable factors. Based on comprehensive and unique administrative data, we apply propensity score matching in a dynamic setting to estimate the treatment effects and suggest the identification of unexplained effect differences between groups. The results show a mixed picture: two types of training increase the employment chances of immigrants, whereas the other two are rather ineffective. Effect differences between immigrants and natives predominantly result from socio-demographic composition.

JEL codes: I38, C14, J61
A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial of the effects of antithrombin on disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with sepsis
Authors: Gando Satoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Ishikura Hiroyasu , Ueyama Masashi , Otomo Yasuhiro , Oda Shigeto , Kushimoto Shigeki , Tanjoh Katsuhisa , Mayumi Toshihiko , Ikeda Toshiaki , Iba Toshiaki , Eguchi Yutaka , Okamoto Kohji , Ogura Hiroshi , Koseki Kazuhide , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Takayama Yasuhiro , Shirai Kunihiro , Takasu Osamu , Inoue Yoshiaki , Mashiko Kunihiro , Tsubota Takaya , Endo Shigeatsu ,   Japanese Association for Acute Medicine Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (JAAM DIC) Study Group for the JAAM DIC Antithrombin Trial (JAAMDICAT)
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
To test the hypothesis that the administration of antithrombin concentrate improves disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), resulting in recovery from DIC and better outcomes in patients with sepsis, we conducted a prospective, randomized controlled multicenter trial at 13 critical care centers in tertiary care hospitals.

Methods
We enrolled 60 DIC patients with sepsis and antithrombin levels of 50 to 80% in this study. The participating patients were randomly assigned to an antithrombin arm receiving antithrombin at a dose of 30 IU/kg per day for three days or a control arm treated with no intervention. The primary efficacy end point was recovery from DIC on day 3. The analysis was conducted with an intention-to-treat approach. DIC was diagnosed according to the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) scoring system. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score, platelet count and global markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were measured on day 0 and day 3.

Results
Antithrombin treatment resulted in significantly decreased DIC scores and better recovery rates from DIC compared with those observed in the control group on day 3. The incidence of minor bleeding complications did not increase, and no major bleeding related to antithrombin treatment was observed. The platelet count significantly increased; however, antithrombin did not influence the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score or markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis on day 3.

Conclusions
Moderate doses of antithrombin improve DIC scores, thereby increasing the recovery rate from DIC without any risk of bleeding in DIC patients with sepsis.

Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000000882
Bovespa: viabilizando a primeira IPO de bolsa no Brasil
Authors: Rocha Ricardo Humberto , Oliveira Lucas Guimarães 
Published: December 2013

O caso se passa em 2007, época em que que a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo a dá início ao seu processo de IPO. O protagonista é Raymundo Magliano, presidente do conselho administrativo na ocasião.DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c10http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c10
Dia da criança: missão institucional do Exército?
Authors: Alves Claudiney Silvestre 
Published: December 2013

Uma unidade militar do Exército realiza tradicionalmente um evento de integração com a comunidade: a comemoração do dia da criança. Ao receber a incumbência de organizá-lo, o Capitão Siqueira Campos questiona a legitimidade desse tipo de ação dentro de um quartel. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c12http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c12
O fortalecimento da rede de economia solidária do Montanhão
Authors: Gattai Silvia 
Published: December 2013

O caso narra o processo de surgimento e desenvolvimento de um grupo de economia solidária no ABC paulista, e sua relação com um grupo de empreendedores sociais. A parceria entre esses atores deve prosseguir ou desfazer-se?DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c13http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n2c13
Economic evaluations of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis: 2004-2012
Authors: Liu Frank Xiaoqing , Quock Tiffany P. , Burkart John , Noe Les L. , Inglese Gary 
Published: December 2013

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a debilitating condition resulting in death unless treated. Treatment options include conservative care, transplantation, and dialysis. Major alternative dialysis modalities include peritoneal dialysis (PD) and in-center hemodialysis (ICHD), which have been shown to produce similar outcomes and survival. The need to provide dialysis treatment for patients with ESRD represents a significant financial challenge for global health care systems. Changes in clinically-appropriate dialysis delivery leading to more efficient use of resources would increase health systems’ ability to meet that challenge. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic literature of PD and ICHD within the context of continued economic uncertainty and pressure on healthcare resource use.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between 2004 and 2012. Articles are included if they were original research studies in English which reported costs and/or cost effectiveness associated with PD and ICHD.Results:Twenty-four articles are included in our review, six of which are cost effectiveness studies comparing PD and ICHD.Conclusions:Our findings echo those of prior published reviews, showing that PD is significantly cost-saving compared to ICHD therapy in most developed countries and some developing countries. Increasing the use of clinically-appropriate PD would substantially reduce healthcare costs.
Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis of IMP3, GLUT1, EMA, CD146, and Desmin for Distinguishing Malignant Mesothelioma From Reactive Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Kurose Nozomu , Fukushima Mana , Nojima Takayuki , Usuda Katsuo , Sagawa Motoyasu , Sakuma Tsutomu , Ooi Akishi , Matsumoto Isao , Oda Makoto , Arano Yoshihiko , Shimizu Junzo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify useful biomarkers for differentiating between malignant mesothelioma (MM) and reactive mesothelial cells (RMCs).

Methods:
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from 34 MM and 40 RMC samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, and the findings were compared.

Results:
Positive markers for MM included insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3 (IMP3), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and CD146, which showed sensitivities of 94%, 85%, 79%, and 71% and specificities of 78%, 100%, 88%, and 98%, respectively. In sarcomatoid MM, EMA had significantly lower expression than did IMP3, GLUT1, and CD146 (P &lt; .001). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were the highest for IMP3 (0.95), followed by GLUT1 (0.93). When the optimal cutoff points for IMP3 (30%) and GLUT1 (10%) were used, the sensitivity of IMP3 and GLUT1 for MM was 100%, and the specificity of both for MM was 95%.

Conclusions:
The combination of IMP3 and GLUT1 is most appropriate for distinguishing MM from RMC using FFPE sections.
Bright-Field HER2 Dual In Situ Hybridization (DISH) Assay vs Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Authors: Gao Faye F. , Dabbs David J. , Cooper Kristine L. , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare the INFORM HER2 bright-field dual in situ hybridization (DISH) DNA probe cocktail assay with the PathVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay on 103 invasive breast carcinomas with a 2+ score on immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Methods:
The cases were categorized as positive, equivocal, or negative for HER2 gene amplification using the 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) HER2:CEP17 ratio criteria and also based on mean HER2 gene copies/cell. The third criterion used a HER2:CEP17 ratio of 2 to categorize cases as positive or negative.

Results:
The agreement between FISH and DISH was 85% using the 2007 ASCO/CAP ratio criterion, 79% using the mean HER2 gene copies/cell criterion, and 92% using the 2.0 cutoff HER2:CEP17 ratio criterion. In addition, 20 known IHC 3+ breast carcinomas analyzed by DISH showed clusters of the HER2 gene consistent with unequivocal amplification.

Conclusions:
Despite some technical and interpretational issues associated with DISH, it compares favorably with FISH in this group of challenging breast cancer cases.
Histopathologic Findings of Small Renal Tumor Biopsies Performed Immediately After Cryoablation Therapy
Authors: Tayal Shalini , Kim Fernando J. , Sehrt David , Miano Roberto , Pompeo Alexandre , Molina Wilson 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To evaluate the histopathology of small renal tumor biopsies following cryoablation.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated small renal tumor biopsy specimens after cryoablation treatment for renal cell carcinoma and determined the ability to differentiate tumor types, effect on nuclear grading, immunohistochemical staining, and if the number of freeze cycles affected interpretation.

Results:
Of the biopsy specimens, 66% were diagnostic of tumor and 34% showed normal renal parenchyma. Tumor subtype was determined in 91% of diagnostic cases. Nuclear grading was affected due to freeze effect, complicating the assessment of chromatin pattern and nucleolar details at low magnification. In particular, the distinction between Fuhrman nuclear grades I and II was compromised; these were designated as low nuclear grade. Immunohistochemical staining was retained similar to untreated tumors. Tumor subtyping was not affected after one or two freeze cycles.

Conclusions:
Biopsies performed immediately after cryoablation can be used to render an optimal histologic diagnosis.
Pathology Consultation on HbA1c Methods and Interferences
Authors: Rhea Jeanne M. , Molinaro Ross 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To review the various hemoglobin (Hb) A1c methods, with a focus on interferences resulting from Hb variants.

Methods:
HbA1c is a marker used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Each available HbA1c method has advantages and challenges, such as its susceptibility to interferences.

Results:
The presence of Hb variants and/or abnormalities in RBC turnover cannot only interfere analytically with HbA1c measurements but also may affect the clinical interpretation of HbA1c values.

Conclusions:
Familiarity with the advantages and challenges of the various methods used for HbA1c testing is essential when establishing therapeutic management and goals based on HbA1c results, especially in populations with a high prevalence of Hb variants.
Chemical stability of epoxy functionalizations of graphene: A density functional theory study
Authors: Zhou Si , Bongiorno Angelo 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDensity functional theory and statistical calculations are combined to address the chemical stability and structure of epoxy functionalizations of single-layer graphene. Our computations show that at oxidation levels of O:C<0.5, the Gibbs free energy of formation per epoxide amounts to about 0.6 eV, and the structure of the epoxy functionalizations presents local order and long-range disorder. The positive energy value indicates that in air at p=1 bar and room temperature, epoxy functionalizations of graphene are unstable and prone to spontaneous reduction. Our calculations show also that formation and release of O2 is a slow process whose kinetics is controlled by large energy barriers, the formation of very stable intermediate species, and unlikely electronic transitions.
A new species of tapir from the Amazon
Authors: Cozzuol Mario A. , Clozato Camila L. , Holanda Elizete C. , Rodrigues Flávio H. G. , Nienow Samuel , de Thoisy Benoit , Redondo Rodrigo A. F. , Santos Fabrício R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAll known species of extant tapirs are allopatric: 1 in southeastern Asia and 3 in Central and South America. The fossil record for tapirs, however, is much wider in geographical range, including Europe, Asia, and North and South America, going back to the late Oligocene, making the present distribution a relict of the original one. We here describe a new species of living Tapirus from the Amazon rain forest, the 1st since T. bairdii Gill, 1865, and the 1st new Perissodactyla in more than 100 years, from both morphological and molecular characters. It is shorter in stature than T. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) and has distinctive skull morphology, and it is basal to the clade formed by T. terrestris and T. pinchaque (Roulin, 1829). This highlights the unrecognized biodiversity in western Amazonia, where the biota faces increasing threats. Local peoples have long recognized our new species, suggesting a key role for traditional knowledge in understanding the biodiversity of the region.
Incentives for Tax Planning and Avoidance: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Graham John R. , Hanlon Michelle , Shevlin Terry , Shroff Nemit 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
We analyze survey responses from nearly 600 corporate tax executives to investigate firms' incentives and disincentives for tax planning. While many researchers hypothesize that reputational concerns affect the degree to which managers engage in tax planning, this hypothesis is difficult to test with archival data. Our survey allows us to investigate reputational influences and, indeed, we find that reputational concerns are important—69 percent of executives rate reputation as important and the factor ranks second in order of importance among all factors explaining why firms do not adopt a potential tax planning strategy. We also find that financial accounting incentives play a role. For example, 84 percent of publicly traded firms respond that top management at their company cares at least as much about the GAAP ETR as they do about cash taxes paid and 57 percent of public firms say that increasing earnings per share is an important outcome from a tax planning strategy.
JEL Classifications: D83; G31, M41.
Data Availability: Survey responses are confidential. Other data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Continuous Auditing and Continuous Monitoring in ERP Environments: Case Studies of Application Implementations
Authors: Singh Kishore , Best Peter J. , Bojilov Mario , Blunt Catherine 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT
The need for continuous auditing and continuous monitoring (CA/CM) has increased in the global digital economy. Modern computer-based systems make it possible to measure and monitor business processes at an unprecedented level of detail in a real- or near real-time basis. This empowers auditors to become increasingly dependent on computer technology and software tools. While there is a growing body of literature related to this domain, there is a need for empirical evidence from actual implementations that document these systems in detail. In this research, we perform such an investigation on three CA/CM systems, namely SAPSECURE, CAMAP, and Bagheera-S™.
Effectiveness of the Reverse Bending and Straightening Tests in Detecting Laminations in Wires for Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Adewole K.K. , Bull S.J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract The reverse bending and straightening test is conducted on wires used for civil engineering applications to detect laminations which can pose a threat to the integrity of the wires. The FE simulations of the reverse bending and straightening of wires with laminations revealed that the reverse bending and straightening test is only effective in revealing or detecting near-surface laminations with lengths from 25mm located up to 30% of the wire’s thickness and may not be an effective test to detect mid-thickness, near-mid-thickness, and short near-surface laminations with lengths below 15mm. This is because wires with mid-thickness, near-mid-thickness and short nearsurface laminations will pass through the reverse bending and straightening procedures without fracturing and therefore mid-thickness, near-mid-thickness and short near-surface laminations may go undetected. Consequently, other in-line non destructive testing methods might have to be used to detect mid-thickness, near-mid-thickness and short near-surface laminations in the wires.
Transient Analysis of Heat Transfer Across the Residential Building Roof with Pcm and Wood Wool- A Case Study by Numerical Simulation Approach
Authors: Prakash D. , Ravikumar P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract In this paper, transient analysis on heat transfer across the residential building roof having various materials like wood wool, phase change material and weathering tile is performed by numerical simulation technique. 2-dimensional roof model is created, checked for grid independency and validated with the experimental results. Three different roof structures are included in this study namely roof with (i). Concrete and weathering tile, (ii). Concrete, phase change material and weathering tile and (iii). Concrete, phase change material, wood wool and weathering tile. Roof type 3 restricts 13% of heat entering the room in comparison with roof having only concrete and weathering tile. Also the effect of various roof layers’ thickness in the roof type 3 is investigated and identified that the wood wool plays the major role in arresting the entry of heat in to the room. The average reduction of heat is about 10 % for an increase of a unit thickness of wood wool layer.
Risk of Alterations to Project Documentation on an Example of Environmental Engineering Construction
Authors: Rybka I. , Bondar-Nowakowska E. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract Investor bears responsibility for proper preparation of the investment process. One of his tasks is to prepare the project documentation and obtaina building permit. Frequently, during his work, there are situations and events whose im pact interferes with the design solutions. Regardless of reasons, alterations to a project constitute a source of cost risk. In each case, the Investor should be prepared for this type of a risk. Exposure to risk should be taken into account in the planning stage of the investment. Also, a model of investment execution should be chosen at this stage. The type of model is associated with the distribution of risk throughout the project. The aim of this paper is to identify events that generate risk related to alterations to Project Documentation in the context of the selection of the investment executionmodel.
Research on the Portuguese Building Stock and Its Impacts on Energy Consumption – An Average U-Value Approach
Authors: Sousa J. , Bragança L. , Almeida M. , Silva P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract The article aims to evaluate the Portuguese building stock energy policies and strategy for energy saving in buildings among the EU members. It was found out the average heat transfer coefficients of the main structural elements of Portuguese Buildings and analyzed the U-values of this elements considering different time periods. The fundamentals of this study were funded by the Agency for Development and Innovation (ADI) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors (POFC) assigned to the Building Physics and Construction Technology Laboratory with the reference SB Tool SPT_2011_4.
Evaluation of Distance Between Pedestrian Crossings by Students in One of the Polish Cities
Authors: Kruszyna M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract In this paper, the distances between pedestrian crossings in twenty one places in the city of Wrocław, together with their evaluation by the researched groups of students, were analyzed. The database created from the collected questionnaires contains a set of two-dimensional variables: the distance between crossings and the rating of the students. The database set was analyzed using a fuzzy data mining approach to create particular clusters. Various numbers of clusters were analyzed, and the division of data into three clusters made it possible to relate the analysis to the LOS methodology. Each variable was enriched with a third dimension representing a membership value. The obtained evaluated distances are similar to values recommended in literature, although the distances highly evaluated by the students do not often occur in reality. This might suggest that there is the need to create new crossings, especially in the city centre, where pedestrian trafic is or should be important.
On The Eneström-Kakeya Theorem
Authors: Liman A , Rasool Tawheeda , Shah WM 
Published: December 2013

In this paper we present some interesting generalizations of Eneström-Kakeya type results concerning the location of zeros of a polynomial in the complex plane. We relax the hypothesis and put less restrictive conditions on the coefficients of the polynomial, and thereby generalize some classical results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.8067 BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 71-81
Investigation on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Yub Raj , Dahal Kumar P , Bhattarai Jagadeesh 
Published: December 2013

Soil parameters such as moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions can give an indication of the soil corrosivity towards the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply the drinking water in Nepal. Present research work was focused to examine such soil parameters collected from Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study are found as: moisture content (18-77%), pH (3.0-9.3), resistivity (11600-71400 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (87-426 mV vs SHE), chloride (28-135 ppm) and sulfate (20-226 ppm). These soil parameters gave an indication of “moderately corrosive” to “mildly corrosive” behavior of soils on the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used in the study area. It was found a good correlation between the soil resistivity and moisture content as well as the chloride content in soils. The soil resistivity was generally decreased with increasing both the moisture and chloride contents in soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.8454 BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 82-91