bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) and miR‐142‐3p in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Jiang Jiaxiang , Zhou Meiling , Zhang Qiong , Shen Huajuan , Jia Yanqing , Chen Yanfang , Xu Xiujun , Jiang Hongfang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at high risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which are prone to be detrimental to patients' lives. Identifying risk factors for MACCE can help target measures to prevent or reduce the occurrence of MACCE.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the correlation between miR‐142‐3p and MACCE in ESRD patients on MHD and to provide a new predictor for MACCE occurrence.MethodsBlood samples were collected from subjects to detect the expression of miR‐142‐3p using RT‐qPCR. The correlation of miR‐142‐3p with HDL‐C and hs‐CRP was assessed by the Pearson method. The occurrence of MACCE in patients during the 36‐month follow‐up period was recorded. The clinical value of miR‐142‐3p in MACCE occurrence was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier curve, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC curve.ResultsIn ESRD patients on MHD, miR‐142‐3p was downregulated, and it showed a positive correlation with HDL‐C but a negative correlation with hs‐CRP. The cumulative incidence of MACCE at 1, 2, and 3 years was 8.9%, 20.0%, and 30.4%, respectively. miR‐142‐3p levels were reduced in patients who developed MACCE and were associated with the cumulative incidence of MACCE. miR‐142‐3p was a risk factor for MACCE and showed a predictive value with specificity and sensitivity of 89.36% and 56.10%, respectively.ConclusionsmiR‐142‐3p was a risk factor of MACCE in ESRD patients undergoing MHD.
Understanding the adoption of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies in the United States
Authors: Baker Keith , Cochran Joseph , Duru Haci 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines the diffusion of paramilitary police units across the United States to consider the computational turn in social science.MethodsThe process of police diffusion is modeled by comparing traditional predictive models with agent‐based modeling (ABM) under constant and flexible binding conditions. The data are drawn from the Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies 2000, 2004 and the United States Cities Database.ResultsABM was not superior to traditional predictive models when it came to predicting policy diffusion and that flexible binding provides superior predictive capabilities over constant binding.ConclusionsPublic policy scholars should exercise caution in adopting computational methods as they may not offer advantages over traditional predicative analysis. Policy diffusion of police militarization is not driven by geographical proximity but may reflect hierarchical influences in the form of federal policy or the influence of far‐flung organizations perceived to be similar. This may cause inappropriate policies and practices to be adopted.
On the (un)suitability of literature for moral education
Authors: Vidmar Jovanović Iris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, I defend moral aesthetic cognitivism, the view that literature is a valuable source of insights related to morally relevant aspects of our world and that it can significantly contribute to our moral education. I am in particular concerned with counterarguments to this view voiced by Greg Currie, who trashes epistemological foundations of literature and emphasizes the lack of empirical corroboration of cognitivism, and by Peter Lamarque, who dismisses educative potential of literature on the account of readers' incapacity to extract morally relevant judgements about the world from literary works. I rely on examples from literary tradition to rebuild the epistemological framework underlying cognitivism and on contemporary insights from moral psychology to show that our engagements with literature are permeated with moral reflections that are valuable for our moral education.
The joy of maps
Authors: Cheshire James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis short provocation implores more academic geographers to embrace the joy of making maps and to take pride in the links that maps have with the subject. It contends that, despite geography and maps being synonymous in the eyes of many (and most importantly, the public at large), geographers' narrow conception of what maps have been, rather than what they can be, is a missed opportunity in the expression of the discipline as it exists today.
Alloimmunization in myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with higher healthcare costs, longer hospitalizations, and increased mortality
Authors: Viayna Elisabet , Gehrie Eric A. , Blanchette Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion of red blood cells (RBC) is an important component of treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Patients receiving frequent transfusions are more likely to develop alloimmunization, an immune reaction to minor RBC antigens that increases the risk of complications including delayed hemolysis. Phenotypic matching is believed to reduce alloimmunization although rigorous evidence is lacking. This study examines the association of alloimmunization with clinical and economic outcomes and may give insight into the potential benefit of phenotypic matching in MDS.Study Design and MethodsThis study used data from 1054 hospitals included in the Premier hospital chargemaster dataset. Alloimmunized MDS patients (January 2015 to June 2019) were indirectly identified by ICD‐10 codes (antiglobulin crossmatch and RBC antibody identification). The primary objective was assessment of the association between incremental cost per patient encounter and alloimmunization in MDS patients. Secondary objectives were assessment of the association of length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and inpatient mortality for alloimmunized versus non‐alloimmunized MDS patients.ResultsWorse clinical and economic outcomes were observed for the alloimmunized group. Higher costs (14%), more ICU admissions (38%), longer hospital (21%) and ICU stays (55%), and greater mortality (30%) were observed among alloimmunized MDS patients compared to non‐alloimmunized (p < .0001 for all comparisons).DiscussionAlloimmunization may be associated with higher costs and greater risk of ICU admission and death in patients with MDS. While further mechanistic research is needed, it seems that MDS patients may benefit substantially from practices that limit risk of alloimmunization, including providing prophylactic antigen matching.
Estimation of urinary volume through ultrasonography in dog cadavers and experimental models
Authors: Rodrigues Heitor Leocádio de Souza , Pimenta Laís Elena Oliveira , Vasconcellos Lídia Maria Amaro , Costa Márcio Machado , Crivellenti Leandro Zuccolotto , Milken Vanessa Martins Fayad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe urinary volume and residual urine volume are pieces of information that can provide relevant clinical data for dogs and cats, especially those hospitalized. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate mathematical formulas described in human and veterinary literature to estimate urinary volume in dogs and experimental models. For this purpose, nine male dog cadavers and twelve experimental models were used to evaluate residual volume, small, medium, and large, using three different formulas. Data were obtained by three different examiners: two ultrasonographers and one nonultrasonographer. Each examiner recorded three longitudinal and transverse images, obtaining measurements of width, length, and height at each proposed volume. The measurements were then averaged, and the result was added to the formulas, thus estimating urinary volume. All three formulas achieved higher accuracy in estimating smaller volumes, with a gradual decrease as urinary volume increased. The error of all formulas was less than 10%, even when compared with evaluations in experimental models and dogs. There was variation in estimation between ultrasonographers and nonultrasonographer examiners; however, this variation was low, allowing for the assertion that both can apply the technique. Thus, it is concluded that estimating urinary bladder volume using mathematical formulas and 2D ultrasound is accurate and, therefore, an alternative and viable option for evaluating the urinary tract.
Photoactivated rose bengal mitigates a fibrotic phenotype and improves cutaneous wound healing in full‐thickness injuries
Authors: Jay Jayson W. , Palackic Alen , Prasai Anesh , Seigel Quincy , Siddiqui Raima , Bergman Isabelle , Wolf Steven E. , Wilkerson Michael G. , El Ayadi Amina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHealing of deep cutaneous wounds often results in detrimental sequelae, including painful and debilitating scars. Current therapies for full‐thickness injuries that target specific phases of wound healing have moderate success; however, full resolution remains incomplete and negative consequences persist if skin homeostasis is not achieved. Photoactivated molecules can modulate cellular responses by generating reactive oxygen species and may provide a novel therapeutic option to improve wound healing. In the current study, we investigated the effects of Rose bengal (RB) dye in a preclinical model of full‐thickness cutaneous injury. Monochromatic green light activates RB to generate ROS in the presence of oxygen, subsequently crosslinking collagen fibrils. In in vitro studies, we show that photoactivated RB is well tolerated by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts and can mitigate fibrotic signalling by downregulating collagen production. In a murine model of full‐thickness injury, topically‐applied and photoactivated RB closed wounds faster than control and vehicle treatments and showed significantly improved wound healing outcomes, including enhanced early granulation, better collagen organisation and increased vascularity in the presence of protracted tissue ROS. These data support an overall improved cutaneous wound healing profile after RB phototherapy and warrant further investigations into this versatile molecule.
Computational Study on the Effects of Valve Orientation on the Hemodynamics and Leaflet Dynamics of Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valves
Authors: Ko Kwang Bem , Seo Jung-Hee , Doshi Ashish , Sen Danielle Gottlieb , Mittal Rajat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pulmonary valves do not display a fibrous annulus as do other valves in the heart; thus, pulmonary valves can be implanted at multiple orientations and locations within the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). This gives surgeons more freedom when implanting the valve but it also results in uncertainties regarding placement, particularly with respect to valve orientation. We investigate the pulmonary artery hemodynamics and valve leaflet dynamics of pulmonary valve replacements (PVRs) with various orientations via fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models. A canonical model of the branching pulmonary artery is coupled with a dynamic model of a pulmonary valve, and from this we quantify the effect of valve implant orientation on the postvalvular hemodynamics and leaflet dynamics. Metrics such as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), branch pulmonary artery flow distributions, projected valve opening area (PVOA), and pressure differentials across the valve leaflets are analyzed. Our results indicate that off-axis orientation results in higher pressure forces and flow and energy asymmetry, which potentially have implications for long-term durability of implanted bioprosthetic valves.
Digital Twins and Civil Engineering Phases: Reorienting Adoption Strategies
Authors: Adebiyi Taiwo A. , Ajenifuja Nafeezat A. , Zhang Ruda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital twin (DT) technology has received immense attention over the years due to the promises it presents to various stakeholders in science and engineering. As a result, different thematic areas of DT have been explored. This is no different in specific fields such as manufacturing, automation, oil and gas, and civil engineering, leading to fragmented approaches for field-specific applications. The civil engineering industry is further disadvantaged in this regard as it relies on external techniques by other engineering fields for its DT adoption. A rising consequence of these extensions is a concentrated application of DT to the operations and maintenance phase. On another spectrum, building information modeling (BIM) is pervasively utilized in the planning/design phase, and the transient nature of the construction phase remains a challenge for its DT adoption. In this article, we present a phase-based development of DT in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. We commence by presenting succinct expositions on DT as a concept and as a service, and establish a five-level scale system. Furthermore, we present separately a systematic literature review of the conventional techniques employed at each civil engineering phase. In this regard, we identified enabling technologies such as computer vision for extended sensing and the Internet of things for reliable integration. Ultimately, we attempt to reveal DT as an important tool across the entire life cycle of civil engineering projects, and nudge researchers to think more holistically in their quest for the integration of DT for civil engineering applications.
The Unsteady Shock-Boundary Layer Interaction in a Compressor Cascade—Part III: Mechanisms of Shock Oscillation
Authors: Munoz Lopez Edwin J. , Hergt Alexander , Klinner Joachim , Klose Bjoern , Willert Chris , Gümmer Volker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The shock-boundary layer interaction in transonic flows is known to cause strong unsteady flow effects that negatively affect the performance and operability of blade and cascade designs. Despite decades of research on the subject, little is still known about the physical mechanisms that drive the different oscillation frequencies observed with different designs. In the conclusion of this three-part series, the experimental and numerical data obtained with the Transonic Cascade TEAMAero are analyzed together in detail in order to test the main theories of continuous shock oscillation. This analysis exposes a main mechanism of shock oscillation, where pressure waves generated inside the passage of the cascade propagate upstream and interact strongly with the main shock when the latter is also in the passage. The interaction of these features causes a breakdown of the flow that is shown to propagate upstream, inevitably causing strong variations in the inflow angle and therefore on the operating conditions of the cascade. The high-frequency content of these pressure waves is also shown to be responsible for weaker high-frequency variations of the shock movement throughout the cycle. Parallels are also drawn with previous experimental campaigns in order to search for a global understanding of the different observations made. Although various parts of the described interaction are not fully understood yet, and the dataset of experimental measurements compiled is still rather small, a good basis is provided on which to further study the underlying mechanisms of unsteady flows in transonic cascades.
Genus-wide analysis of
Trichoderma
antagonism toward
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
plant pathogens and the contribution of cellulases to the antagonism
Authors: Chen Siqiao , Daly Paul , Anjago Wilfred Mabeche , Wang Rong , Zhao Yishen , Wen Xian , Zhou Dongmei , Deng Sheng , Lin Xisha , Voglmeir Josef , Cai Feng , Shen Qirong , Druzhinina Irina S. , Wei Lihui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Parasitism is an important lifestyle in the
Trichoderma
genus but has not been studied in a genus-wide way toward
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
hosts. Our approach screened a genus-wide set of 30
Trichoderma
species in dual culture assays with two soil-borne
Pythium
and three
Globisporangium
plant-parasitic species and used exo-proteomic analyses, with the aim to correlate
Trichoderma
antagonism with potential strategies for attacking
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
. The
Trichoderma
spp. showed a wide range of antagonism from strong to weak, but the same
Trichoderma
strain showed similar levels toward all the
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
species. The
Trichoderma
enzymes from strong (
Trichoderma asperellum
,
Trichoderma atroviride
, and
Trichoderma virens
), moderate (
Trichoderma
cf.
guizhouense
and
Trichoderma reesei
), and weak (
Trichoderma parepimyces
) antagonists were induced by the autoclaved mycelia of one of the screened
Pythium
species,
Pythium myriotylum
. The variable proportions of putative cellulases, proteases, and redox enzymes suggested diverse as well as shared strategies amongst the antagonists. There was a partial positive correlation between antagonism from microscopy and the cellulase activity induced by autoclaved
P. myriotylum
mycelia in different
Trichoderma
species. The deletion of the cellulase transcriptional activator XYR1 in
T. reesei
led to lower antagonism toward
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
. The antagonism of
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
appears to be a generic property of
Trichoderma
as most of the
Trichoderma
species were at least moderately antagonistic. While a role for cellulases in the antagonism was uncovered, cellulases did not appear to make a major contribution to
T. reesei
antagonism, and other factors are also likely contributing.

IMPORTANCE

Trichoderma
is an important genus widely distributed in nature with broad ecological impacts and applications in the biocontrol of plant diseases. The
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
genera of fungus-like water molds include many important soil-borne plant pathogens that cause various diseases. Most of the
Trichoderma
species showed at least a moderate ability to compete with or antagonize the
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
hosts, and microscopy showed examples of parasitism (a slow type of killing) and predation (a fast type of killing). Hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases and proteases produced by
Trichoderma
likely contribute to the antagonism. A mutant deficient in cellulase activity had reduced antagonism. Interestingly,
Pythium
and
Globisporangium
species contain cellulose in their cell walls (unlike true fungi such as
Trichoderma
), and the cellulolytic ability of
Trichoderma
appears beneficial for antagonism of water molds.
Enhancing immunity against
Candida albicans
infections through TIGIT knockout
Authors: Rishiq Ahmed , Liu Mingdong , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by T and natural killer cells. Here, we used TIGIT knockout (KO) mice to demonstrate that mouse TIGIT directly interacts with
Candida albicans
. Reduced fungal growth and colonization were observed when TIGIT-KO splenocytes were co-cultured with
C. albicans
compared to the wild type (WT). In a systemic candidiasis model, TIGIT-KO mice exhibited improved survival and reduced body weight loss compared to WT mice. Organ-specific fungal burden assessment revealed significantly lower fungal loads in the kidneys, spleen, and lungs of TIGIT-KO mice. Finally, we show that the agglutinin-like sequence proteins ALS6, ALS7, and ALS9 of
C. albicans
are ligands for TIGIT and that the absence of these proteins abolishes the TIGIT effect
in vivo
. Our results identify the significance of TIGIT in modulating host defense against
C. albicans
and highlight the potential therapeutic implications for
C. albicans
infections.

IMPORTANCE

Our results identify the significance of T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain in modulating host defense against
Candida albicans
and highlight the potential therapeutic implications for
C. albicans
infections.
Characterization and engineering of the type 3 secretion system needle monomer from
Salmonella
through the construction and screening of a comprehensive mutagenesis library
Authors: Burdette Lisa Ann , Leach Samuel Alexander , Kennedy Nolan , Ikwuagwu Bon C. , Summers Jordan S. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Protein production strategies in bacteria are often limited due to the need for cell lysis and complicated purification schemes. To avoid these challenges, researchers have developed bacterial strains capable of secreting heterologous protein products outside the cell, but secretion titers often remain too low for commercial applicability. Improved understanding of the link between secretion system structure and its secretory abilities can help overcome the barrier to engineering higher secretion titers. Here, we investigated this link with the PrgI protein, the monomer of the secretory channel of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of
Salmonella enterica
. Despite detailed knowledge of the PrgI needle’s assembly and structure, little is known about how its structure influences its secretory capabilities. To study this, we recently constructed a comprehensive codon mutagenesis library of the PrgI protein utilizing a novel one-pot recombineering approach. We then screened this library for functional T3SS assembly and secretion titer by measuring the secretion of alkaline phosphatase using a high-throughput activity assay. This allowed us to construct a first-of-its-kind secretion fitness landscape to characterize the PrgI needle’s mutability at each position as well as the mutations which lead to enhanced T3SS secretion. We discovered new design rules for building a functional T3SS as well as identified hypersecreting mutants. This work can be used to increase understanding of the T3SS’s assembly and identify further targets for engineering. This work also provides a blueprint for future efforts to engineer other complex protein assemblies through the construction of fitness landscapes.

IMPORTANCE

Protein secretion offers a simplified alternative method for protein purification from bacterial hosts. However, the current state-of-the-art methods for protein secretion in bacteria are still hindered by low yields relative to traditional protein purification strategies. Engineers are now seeking strategies to enhance protein secretion titers from bacterial hosts, often through genetic manipulations. In this study, we demonstrate that protein engineering strategies focused on altering the secretion apparatus can be a fruitful avenue toward this goal. Specifically, this study focuses on how changes to the PrgI needle protein from the type 3 secretion system from
Salmonella enterica
can impact secretion titer. We demonstrate that this complex is amenable to comprehensive mutagenesis studies and that this can yield both PrgI variants with increased secretory capabilities and insight into the normal functioning of the type 3 secretion system.
Multiplexed CRISPR-Cas system targeting ASFV genes
in vivo
: solution lies within
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Lang Yifei , Li Wentao 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The emergence and spread of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) posed a significant threat to the global swine breeding industry, calling for innovative approaches benefiting viral containment and control. A recent study (Z. Zheng, L. Xu, H. Dou, Y. Zhou, X., et al., Microbiol Spectr 12: e02164-23, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02164-23
) established a multiplexed CRISPR-Cas system targeting the genome of ASFV and tested the consequent antiviral activity both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Application of this system showed a significant reduction of viral replication
in vitro
, while the germline-edited pigs expressing this system exhibited normal growth with continuous guide RNA expression. Although no survival advantage was observed upon ASFV challenge compared with nonengineered pigs, this marks the first attempt of germline editing to pursue ASFV resistance and paves the way for future disease-resistant animal breeding approaches utilizing CRISPR-Cas technology.