bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching While Learning to Sit: Capturing the Kinematics of Co‐Developing Skills at Home
Authors: Iverson Jana M. , Britsch Emily R. , Schneider Joshua L. , Plate Samantha N. , Focaroli Valentina , Taffoni Fabrizio , Keller Flavio 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined the co‐development of infant reaching and postural control across the transition to arms‐free sitting at home. We observed infants with typical likelihood (TL; n = 24) and elevated likelihood (EL; n = 20) for autism at four biweekly sessions spanning the transition to arms‐free sitting (infant age = 4.5–8 months at first session). At each session, infants sat on a pressure‐sensitive mat with external support or independently, wore magneto‐inertial sensors on both wrists, and reached for toys presented at midline. Analyses focused on characterizing and comparing control of sitting during reaching actions and standard kinematic metrics of reaching during Supported versus Independent Sitting. Although EL infants achieved arms‐free sitting later than TL peers, there were no group differences on any measures. Across sessions, infants’ control of the sitting posture during concurrent reaching movements improved in both contexts, though they were less stable as they reached when sitting independently compared to when sitting with support. A similar effect was apparent in the kinematics of reaches, with overall improvement over time, but evidence of poorer control in Independent relative to Supported Sitting. Taken together, these findings underscore the mutually influential and dynamic relations between emerging skills and well‐established behaviors.
Multi‐dimensional niche differentiation of two sympatric breeding secondary cave‐nesting birds in Northeast China using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Zhenyun , Sun Keping , Jin Longru , Yu Jiangping , Wang Haitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNiche theory predicts that ecologically similar sympatric species should show differentiation in at least one of the main niche dimensions (time, space, and/or food). Here, we combined observations of breeding timing, nest site selection, and diet (the latter determined using DNA metabarcoding) to analyze the niche overlap and differentiation between two sympatric secondary cavity‐nesting birds, the Japanese Tit Parus minor and the Yellow‐rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia. The results showed that (1) there were significant differences in the first egg laying date, length of the egg laying period, incubation date, and hatching date between tits and flycatchers, and the breeding time of flycatchers peaked later (about 30 days) than that of tits; (2) the two species had a large overlap in nest site selection, although the canopy coverage and shrub density of flycatchers were significantly higher than those of tits; and (3) the niche overlap in diet was minimal, with both species heavily relying on Lepidoptera (39.6% and 63.7% for tits and flycatchers, respectively), but with flycatchers consuming significantly higher percentages of Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera than tits. The results indicate that these two sympatric secondary cavity‐nesting species have significant niche differentiation in breeding time and diet, but little differentiation in nest site selection.
Elevated blood bicarbonate levels and long‐term adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Yu , Sugawara Yukiko , Ogawara Ryo , Ichimura Shohei , Tomita Yusuke , Anzai Fumiya , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Sato Akihiko , Shimizu Takeshi , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThe bicarbonate (HCO3−) buffer system is crucial for maintaining acid–base homeostasis and blood pH. Recent studies showed that elevated serum HCO3− levels serve as an indicator of the beneficial effects of acetazolamide in improving decongestion in acute heart failure. In this study, we sought to clarify the clinical relevance and prognostic impact of HCO3− in chronic heart failure (CHF).MethodsThis cohort study enrolled 694 hospitalized patients with CHF (mean age 68.6 ± 14.6, 62% male) who underwent arterial blood sampling and exhibited neutral pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. We characterized the patients based on HCO3− levels and followed them to register cardiac events.ResultsAmong the patients, 17.3% (120 patients) had HCO3− levels exceeding 26 mmol/L. Patients presenting HCO3− > 26 mmol/L were more likely to use loop diuretics and had higher serum sodium and lower potassium levels, but left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ compared with those with HCO3− between 22 and 26 (379 patients) or those with HCO3− < 22 mmol/L (195 patients). During a median follow‐up period of 1950 days, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with HCO3− > 26 mmol/L had the lowest event‐free survival rate from either cardiac deaths or heart failure‐related rehospitalization (P < 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). In the multivariable Cox model, the presence of HCO3− > 26 mmol/L independently predicted increased risks of each cardiac event with a hazard ratio of 2.31 and 1.69 (P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), while HCO3− < 22 mmol/L was not associated with these events (hazard ratios, 0.99 and 1.19; P = 0.98 and 0.43, respectively).ConclusionsElevated blood HCO3− levels may signify enhanced proximal nephron activation and loop diuretic resistance, leading to long‐term adverse outcomes in patients with CHF, even within a normal pH range.
The hidden link between late‐onset seizures and cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A case–control study
Authors: Marsico Oreste , Pascarella Angelo , Gasparini Sara , Manzo Lucia , Bova Valentina , Cianci Vittoria , Mammì Anna , Abelardo Domenico , Africa Emilio , La Torre Giuseppe , Armentano Antonio , Damavandi Payam Tabaee , DiFrancesco Jacopo C. , Aguglia Umberto , Ferlazzo Edoardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpileptic seizures occurring in late adulthood often remain of unknown origin. Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebral small vessel disease characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage, microhemorrhage and superficial siderosis, occurring mostly in elderly. This observational case–control study aimed to assess the occurrence of CAA in patients experiencing their first seizure in late adulthood.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥55 years presenting with late‐onset seizures (LOS) to the emergency departments or outpatient clinics of two Italian centers, from April 2021 to October 2022. Two age‐matched control subjects with neurological symptoms other than epileptic seizure were recruited for each enrolled case. All participants underwent brain MRI (1.5 Tesla) including blood‐sensitive sequences and were assessed for probable CAA diagnosis according to Boston criteria 2.0. Chi‐squared test was performed to evaluate group differences. Univariate logistic regression analysis tested the association between clinical variables and CAA.ResultsWe included 65 patients with LOS (27 females; mean age 72.2 ± 8.9 years) and 130 controls (49 females; mean age 70.3 ± 8.9 years). Diagnosis of probable CAA was achieved in 10.8% (7/65) of LOS patients and 2.3% (3/130) controls, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.011). The OR for CAA in the LOS group was 5.2 as compared to the control group (95% CI = 1.3–20.6, p = 0.02).SignificanceThe frequency of CAA is significatively higher in patients with LOS as compared to other neurological diseases, suggesting that a portion of LOS of unknown or vascular origin are associated with CAA.Plain Language SummaryLate‐onset seizures (LOS) are very frequent in the elderly and often have no clear cause. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a condition where amyloid proteins build up in the blood vessels of the brain, causing them to become weak and prone to bleeding. In this study, we explored the occurrence of CAA in people with LOS. We found that people with LOS were more likely to have a diagnosis of CAA than controls (i.e., people with other neurological diseases).
Perennial grass and herb options to extend summer–autumn forage in a drought‐prone temperate environment
Authors: Stutz Rebecca S. , De Faveri Joanne , Culvenor Richard A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to finish livestock on pasture over the summer–autumn period could improve the profitability of red meat enterprises in drought‐prone temperate regions. In south‐eastern Australia, traditional perennial options are limited by poor warm‐season performance (phalaris, Phalaris aquatica L.) and widespread environmental constraints (lucerne, Medicago sativa L.). We aimed to identify perennial species suitable for summer–autumn finishing.MethodsWe tested pure swards of summer‐active perennial grasses and herbs (20 cultivars across 14 species) in replicated small‐plot experiments at two sites on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. We assessed early persistence, productivity and warm‐season nutritive characteristics over 2–3 years.ResultsLucerne and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) persisted well through drought and produced herbage of high quantity and quality through summer–autumn. Digit grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud.) was highly persistent and productive but nutritive values were generally poor. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth.) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) were productive but less persistent through drought, while nutritive values were sometimes inadequate.ConclusionsChicory is a good alternative to lucerne, given its excellent summer–autumn performance, ability to survive droughts and superior acid soil tolerance. If appropriate management resolves issues with persistence and nutritive value, several of the other species could also be used to close the warm‐season feed gap in drought‐prone temperate environments.
Oral glucose tolerance test—The imperfect gold standard for gestational diabetes screening: A qualitative study involving clinicians in regional, rural and remote areas of Western Australia
Authors: Kirke Andrew B. , Spry Erica , Atkinson David , Sinclair Craig , Marley Julia V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThe oral glucose tolerance test is the ‘gold standard’ for detecting gestational diabetes in Australian and International guidelines. Test completion in regional, rural and remote regions may be as low as 50%. We explored challenges and enablers for regional, rural and remote antenatal clinicians providing gestational diabetes screening to better understand low oral glucose tolerance test completion.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semi‐structured interviews. Participants eligible for the study were doctors or midwives providing antenatal care in regional, rural and remote Western Australia, between August 2019 and November 2020. Interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed into a Word document. We conducted a thematic analysis after initial categorisation and deduction of themes through workshops involving the research team.ResultsWe found a diversity of viewpoints on oral glucose tolerance test reliability for detecting gestational diabetes. Themes that emerged were; good collaboration between antenatal clinicians is required for successful screening; screening occurs throughout pregnancy using various tests; clinicians make significant efforts to address barriers; clinicians prioritise therapeutic relationships.ConclusionsEffective universal screening for gestational diabetes in regional, rural and remote Western Australia is difficult and more complex in practice than guidelines imply. Detecting gestational diabetes requires creative solutions, early identification of at risk women and trust and collaboration between clinicians and women.So What?Detection of gestational diabetes in regional, rural and remote Western Australia remains poorly completed. New strategies are required to adequately identify women at risk of adverse birth outcomes relating to hyperglycaemia in pregnancy.
Age‐specific incidence trends of 32 cancers in China, 1983 to 2032: Evidence from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
Authors: Hu Meijing , Li Mandi , Lin Yidie , Pei Jiao , Yao Qiang , Jiang Lin , Jin Yu , Tian Yunhe , Zhu Cairong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe long‐term incidence trends of 32 cancers in China remained unclear. Cancer statistics for young population were often presented in aggregate, masking important heterogeneity. We aimed to assess the incidence trends of 32 cancers in China from 1983 to 2032, stratified by sex and age groups. Data on cancer incidence from 1983 to 2017 were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes VI–XII. The age‐period‐cohort model was utilized to assess age and birth cohort effects on the temporal trends of 32 cancers in China, while the Bayesian age‐period‐cohort model was utilized to project future trends from 2018 to 2032. An increase in cohort effects is observed in some cancers such as thyroid and kidney cancers. Eight of the 12 obesity‐related cancers may rise in the 0–14 age group, and nine in the 15–39 age group from 2013 to 2032. Liver and stomach cancers show an increasing trend among the younger population, contrasting with the observed declining trend in the middle‐aged population. There has been a significant rise in the proportions of cervical cancer among females aged 40–64 (4.3%–19.1%), and prostate cancer among males aged 65+ (1.1%–11.8%) from 1983 to 2032. Cancer spectrum in China is shifting toward that in developed countries. Incidence rates of most cancers across different age groups may increase in recent cohorts. It is essential to insist effective preventive interventions, and promote healthier lifestyles, such as reducing obesity, especially among younger population.
Protocol to record and analyze primate leaping in three dimensions in the wild
Authors: Janisch Judith , Kirven Jack , Schapker Nicole , Myers Lydia C. , Shapiro Liza J. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeveral studies comparing primate locomotion under lab versus field conditions have shown the importance of implementing both types of studies, as each has their advantages and disadvantages. However, three‐dimensional (3D) motion capture of primates has been challenging under natural conditions. In this study, we provide a detailed protocol on how to collect 3D biomechanical data on primate leaping in their natural habitat that can be widely implemented. To record primate locomotion in the dense forest we use modified GoPro Hero Black cameras with zoom lenses that can easily be carried around and set up on tripods. We outline details on how to obtain camera calibrations at greater heights and how to process the collected data using the MATLAB camera calibration app and the motion tracking software DLTdv8a. We further developed a new MATLAB application “WildLeap3D” to generate biomechanical performance metrics from the derived x, y, z coordinates of the leaps. We provide details on how to collect data on support diameter, compliance, and orientation, and combine these with the jumps to study locomotor performance in an ecological context. We successfully reconstructed leaps of wild primates in the 3D space under natural conditions and provided data on four representative leaps. We provide exemplar data on primate velocity and acceleration during a leap and show how our protocol can be used to analyze segmental kinematics. This study will help to make motion capture of freely moving animals more accessible and help further our knowledge about animal locomotion and movement.
Hyperandrogenemia elevates expression of apelin and apelin receptor protein in the mice pituitary
Authors: Riba Preethi , Anima Borgohain , Dutta Ayushmita , Gurusubramanian Guruswami , Roy Vikas Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHyperandrogenemia is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and imbalances in the pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Apelin and its receptor, APJ (class A, rhodopsin‐like G‐ protein‐coupled receptor), belongs to adipokines, and its expression has been shown in the pituitary. It is also well known that, hyperandrogenism and PCOS have deregulation of different adipokines. Whether hyperandrogenism also deregulates the apelin system in the pituitary has yet to be investigated. Thus, we have investigated the expression and localization of apelin and its receptor, APJ, in the letrozole‐induced hyperandrogenised pituitary of female mice. Our results showed that the apelin, APJ and androgen receptor (AR) expression were upregulated in the anterior pituitary. Furthermore, the immunostaining of LH exhibited increased abundance than FSH. The circulating LH was also found to be elevated compared to FSH levels. The increased LH synthesis and secretion coincides with elevated apelin system in the pituitary of hyperandrogenised mice. Recently, a direct role of apelin has also been reported in the female pituitary, where apelin inhibits LH secretion. Thus, apelin could be one of the factors for deregulated gonadotropin secretion in hyperandrogenised conditions. However, more research is needed to fully understand the complex interactions between apelin and androgen regarding gonadotropin secretion in hyperandrogenised conditions.
Which freedoms benefit the poor? A two‐horse race between economic and political freedoms on health‐adjusted life expectancy and child mortality, 1990–2020
Authors: Helmersen Ingrid Holthe , de Soysa Indra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe examine theoretically and empirically whether democratic rights might be superior to economic rights in a two‐horse race, utilizing indicators of poverty reduction, such as health‐adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and child mortality as outcomes. The results show robustly that economic freedoms associate positively with HALE and negatively with child mortality, while the effect of democracy is more mixed. Studies reporting a negative effect of political freedoms on child mortality without accounting for economic freedoms, thus, are potentially mis‐specified. These results are robust to a barrage of tests, alternative data, estimating method and formal tests of omitted variables bias.
New variants expand the neurological phenotype of COQ7 deficiency
Authors: Fabra María Alcázar , Paredes‐Fuentes Abraham J. , Torralba Carnerero Manuel , Moreno Férnandez de Ayala Daniel J. , Arroyo Luque Antonio , Sánchez Cuesta Ana , Staiano Carmine , Sanchez‐Pintos Paula , Luz Couce María , Tomás Miguel , Marco‐Hernández Ana Victoria , Orellana Carmen , Martínez Francisco , Roselló Mónica , Caro Alfonso , Oltra Soler Juan Silvestre , Monfort Sandra , Sánchez Alejandro , Rausell Dolores , Vitoria Isidro , del Toro Mireia , Garcia‐Cazorla Angels , Julia‐Palacios Natalia A. , Jou Cristina , Yubero Delia , López Luis Carlos , Hernández Camacho Juan Diego , López Lluch Guillermo , Ballesteros Simarro Manuel , Rodríguez Aguilera Juan Carlos , Calvo Gloria Brea , Cascajo Almenara María Victoria , Artuch Rafael , Santos‐Ocaña Carlos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe protein encoded by COQ7 is required for CoQ10 synthesis in humans, hydroxylating 3‐demethoxyubiquinol (DMQ10) in the second to last steps of the pathway. COQ7 mutations lead to a primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome associated with a pleiotropic neurological disorder. This study shows the clinical, physiological, and molecular characterization of four new cases of CoQ10 primary deficiency caused by five mutations in COQ7, three of which have not yet been described, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in all patients. However, the specific combination of the identified variants in each patient generated precise pathophysiological and molecular alterations in fibroblasts, which would explain the differential in vitro response to supplementation therapy. Our results suggest that COQ7 dysfunction could be caused by specific structural changes that affect the interaction with COQ9 required for the DMQ10 presentation to COQ7, the substrate access to the active site, and the maintenance of the active site structure. Remarkably, patients' fibroblasts share transcriptional remodeling, supporting a modification of energy metabolism towards glycolysis, which could be an adaptive mechanism against CoQ10 deficiency. However, transcriptional analysis of mitochondria‐associated pathways showed distinct and dramatic differences between patient fibroblasts, which correlated with the extent of pathophysiological and neurological alterations observed in the probands. Overall, this study suggests that the combination of precise genetic diagnostics and the availability of new structural models of human proteins could help explain the origin of phenotypic pleiotropy observed in some genetic diseases and the different responses to available therapies.
Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Their Correlation With Subregion Volume in School‐Aged Children With MRI‐Negative Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Xu Donghao , Ren Qingfa , Liu Quanyuan , Liu Miaomiao , Gong He , Liu Yuwei , Yin Zhijie , Zeng Zhen , Xia Shuyuan , Zhang Yanyan , Li Jie , Gao Quansheng , Wang Jing , Li Xianglin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAbnormal levels of glutamate constitute a key pathophysiologic mechanism in epilepsy. The use of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging to measure glutamate levels in pediatric epilepsy is rarely reported in research.PurposeTo investigate hippocampal glutamate level variations in pediatric epilepsy and the correlation between glutamate and hippocampal subregional volumes.Study TypeCross‐sectional, prospective.SubjectsA total of 38 school‐aged pediatric epilepsy patients with structurally normal MRI as determined by at least two independent radiologists (60% males; 8.7 ± 2.5 years; including 20 cases of focal pediatric epilepsy [FE] and 18 cases of generalized pediatric epilepsy [GE]) and 17 healthy controls (HC) (41% males; 9.0 ± 2.5 years).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) and 2D turbo spin echo GluCEST sequences.AssessmentThe relative concentration of glutamate was calculated through pixel‐wise magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis of the GluCEST data. Hippocampal subfield volumes were computed from MPRAGE data using FreeSurfer.Statistical TestsThis study used t tests, one‐way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe MTRasym values of both the left and right hippocampi were significantly elevated in GE (left: 2.51 ± 0.23 [GE] vs. 2.31 ± 0.12 [HCs], right: 2.50 ± 0.22 [GE] vs. 2.27 ± 0.22 [HCs]). The MTRasym values of the ipsilateral hippocampus were significantly elevated in FE (2.49 ± 0.28 [ipsilateral] vs. 2.29 ± 0.16 [HCs]). The MTRasym values of the ipsilateral hippocampus were significantly increased compared to the contralateral hippocampus in FE (2.49 ± 0.28 [ipsilateral] vs. 2.35 ± 0.34 [contralateral]). No significant differences in hippocampal volume were found between different groups (left hippocampus, P = 0.87; right hippocampus, P = 0.87).Data ConclusionGluCEST imaging have potential for the noninvasive measurement of glutamate levels in the brains of children with epilepsy.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1