bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAX3 in neuroblastoma: oncogenic potential, chemosensitivity and signalling pathways
Authors: Fang Wen‐Hui , Wang Qiuyu , Li Hong‐Mei , Ahmed Mashud , Kumar Patricia , Kumar Shant 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTranscription factor PAX3/Pax3 contributes to diverse cell lineages during embryonic development and is important in tumourigenesis. We found that PAX3 is re‐expressed in neuroblastoma and malignant neuroblastic (N‐type) neuroblastoma cells had significantly higher PAX3 protein expression than their benign substrate‐adherent (S‐type) counterparts. Knock‐down of PAX3 expression by siRNA transfection resulted in persistent cell growth inhibition in both types of neuroblastoma cell, owing to G1 cell cycle arrest and progressive apoptosis. Inhibition of PAX3 expression significantly decreased the attachment of S‐type SH‐EP1 cells to extra‐cellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. Migration and invasion of both neuroblastoma cell types were markedly reduced after PAX3 down‐regulation. PAX3 knock‐down significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents, etoposide, vincristine and cisplatin, commonly used to treat neuroblastoma. Microarray analyses revealed that particularly signalling pathways involving cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodelling and development were altered by PAX3 down‐regulation. Changes in PAX3 downstream genes identified by microarray analyses were validated in 47 genes by quantitative PCR. These novel findings lead us to propose that PAX3 might contribute to oncogenic characteristics of neuroblastoma cells by regulating a variety of crucial signalling pathways.
Associations between birth weight and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity: indirect effects via primary neuropsychological functions
Authors: Hatch Burt , Healey Dione M. , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a range of aetiological origins which are associated with a number of disruptions in neuropsychological functioning. This study aimed to examine how low birth weight, a proxy measure for a range of environmental complications during gestation, predicted ADHD symptom severity in preschool‐aged children indirectly via neuropsychological functioning.MethodsA total of 197 preschool‐aged children were recruited as part of a larger longitudinal study. Two neuropsychological factors were derived from NEPSY domain scores. One, referred to as ‘Primary Neuropsychological Function,’ was loaded highly with Sensorimotor and Visuospatial scores. The other, termed ‘Higher‐Order Function’ was loaded highly with Language and Memory domain scores. Executive functioning split evenly across the two. Analyses examined whether these neuropsychological factors allowed for an indirect association between birth weight and ADHD symptom severity.ResultsAs both factors were associated with symptom severity, only the Primary Neuropsychological Factor was associated with birth weight. Furthermore, birth weight was indirectly associated to symptom severity via this factor.ConclusionsThese data indicate that birth weight is indirectly associated with ADHD severity via disruption of neuropsychological functions that are more primary in function as opposed to functions that play a higher‐order role in utilising and integrating the primary functions.
Benefits of Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Postural Control and Frontal Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Controlled Trial
Authors: de Andrade Larissa P. , Gobbi Lilian T. B. , Coelho Flávia G. M. , Christofoletti Gustavo , Riani Costa José L. , Stella Florindo 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo verify the effects of a systematized multimodal exercise intervention program on frontal cognitive function, postural control, and functional capacity components of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignNonrandomized controlled trial with pre‐ and posttraining tests in a training group and a control group.SettingKinesiotherapy program for seniors with AD, São Paulo State University.ParticipantsConvenience sample of older adults with AD (n = 30) were assigned to a training (n = 14; aged 78.6 ± 7.1) and a control (n = 16; aged 77.0 ± 6.3) group.InterventionThe intervention program was structured with the aim of simultaneously promoting better balance and frontal cognitive capacity. The participants attended a 1‐hour session three times a week for 16 weeks, whereas the control group did not participate in any activity during the same period.MeasurementsFrontal cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Clock Drawing Test, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Symbol Search Subtest. Postural control (center of pressure area) was analyzed under four dual‐task conditions. Functional capacity components were analyzed using the Timed Up and Go Test, the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test, the sit‐and‐reach test, and the Berg Functional Balance Scale.ResultsIntervention group participants showed a significant increase in frontal cognitive function (P < .001, partial η2 = 0.838), with less body sway (P = .04, partial η2 = 0.04) during the dual tasks, and greater functional capacity (P = .001, partial η2 = 0.676) after the 16‐week period.ConclusionIntervention participants performed better on dual‐task activities and had better postural balance and greater functional capacity than controls.
Molecular Characterization and Distribution of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus on Apple in China
Authors: Duan Hao , Ji Zhirui , Wang Shutong , Hu Tongle , Wang Yanan , Cao Keqiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractApple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) is one of the most economically important latent viruses infecting apple in China. This is the first report of the almost complete nucleotide sequence and the characterization of the genome of a Chinese isolate (ACLSV‐MS, GenBank Accession Number KC847061) from apple. Based on the genome nucleotide sequence, ACLSV‐MS showed the highest identity (99.4%) to isolate ACLSV‐B6 (GenBank Accession Number AB326224) from apple in Japan and the least identity (69.5%) with isolate TaTao5 (GenBank Accession Number: EU223295) from peach in the USA. The occurrence and distribution of ACLSV in China were also recorded. Three hundred and twenty‐seven apple samples (40 different cultivars) collected from 56 sites in 13 provinces of China were tested by RT‐PCR. The virus was detected in all regions surveyed (the provinces of Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Sichuan and Yunnan), with an average incidence of 69.7%. The positive samples in Heilongjiang province were highest with an incidence of 100% followed by Henan province with an incidence of 86.7%. The positive samples in Liaoning and Shanxi were the lowest with an incidence of 50%. The occurrence of virus in five common cultivars was determined. The percentage of ACLSV was highest in cv. Gala with an incidence of 33.3%, while lowest in cv. Starking with an incidence of 18.2%. It was also found in younger (≤20 years) apple orchards the occurrence of ACLSV decreased with the increase of tree age, but when trees were more than 20 years old, the occurrence of ACLSV increased. This is the first extensive survey in the last decade in China for monitoring ACLSV, which provides important information for ACLSV control in China.
Lynx predation on semi‐domestic reindeer: do age and sex matter?
Authors: Mattisson J. , Arntsen G. B. , Nilsen E. B. , Loe L. E. , Linnell J. D. C. , Odden J. , Persson J. , Andrén H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Eurasian lynx is an efficient stalking predator mainly selecting small‐sized ungulates. In northern Scandinavia, semi‐domestic reindeer are the only ungulate species available for Eurasian lynx year round and consequently constitute their main prey. Selective predation patterns by a predator on a domestic prey are likely to be influenced by husbandry practices and may have consequences for harvest strategies. We used data on 795 lynx‐killed reindeer from northern Scandinavia collected in 2008–2011 to determine whether male and female Eurasian lynx preyed selectively on different age and sex classes of reindeer and how this was influenced by human‐controlled seasonal changes in the composition of the reindeer herds. Lynx of both sexes were selected for reindeer calves year round although the proportions fluctuated seasonally, with peaks during summer and a drop after harvest. Male lynx switched to kill more adult reindeer in winter. There were no differences between the sexes of reindeer calves killed by lynx, but among adult reindeer male lynx selected for bulls over cows. We suggest that human‐controlled seasonal variation in reindeer abundance is a main driver of prey selection by Eurasian lynx on semi‐domestic reindeer.
Planet of Slums
Authors: DAVIS MIKE 
Published: November 2013

The megacities arising around the planet are like the Internet where many events are taking place simultaneously. The urban scape today is becoming more a space of flows—migrants, trade, capital, information, microbes—than a space of places rooted in an historical identity.The megaurban condition today encompasses many realities, from the glittering generic city‐state of Singapore to the slums climbing up the hillsides around Mexico City or Sao Paulo. In these spaces we work, love and live out the intimate moments of our lives. In these spaces we consume and spew out climate warming gases.In this section, two of the world's “star architects”—Rem Koolhaas and Frank Gehry—the visionary “arcologist” Paolo Soleri and the Turkish novelist and Nobel laureate, Orhan Pamuk, grasp at chronicling the reality of where we live.
The Past Is Too Small to Inhabit
Authors: KOOLHAAS REM 
Published: November 2013

The megacities arising around the planet are like the Internet where many events are taking place simultaneously. The urban scape today is becoming more a space of flows—migrants, trade, capital, information, microbes—than a space of places rooted in an historical identity.The megaurban condition today encompasses many realities, from the glittering generic city‐state of Singapore to the slums climbing up the hillsides around Mexico City or Sao Paulo. In these spaces we work, love and live out the intimate moments of our lives. In these spaces we consume and spew out climate warming gases.In this section, two of the world's “star architects”—Rem Koolhaas and Frank Gehry—the visionary “arcologist” Paolo Soleri and the Turkish novelist and Nobel laureate, Orhan Pamuk, grasp at chronicling the reality of where we live.
From Shiva to Disney: Frozen Motion
Authors: GEHRY FRANK 
Published: November 2013

The megacities arising around the planet are like the Internet where many events are taking place simultaneously. The urban scape today is becoming more a space of flows—migrants, trade, capital, information, microbes—than a space of places rooted in an historical identity.The megaurban condition today encompasses many realities, from the glittering generic city‐state of Singapore to the slums climbing up the hillsides around Mexico City or Sao Paulo. In these spaces we work, love and live out the intimate moments of our lives. In these spaces we consume and spew out climate warming gases.In this section, two of the world's “star architects”—Rem Koolhaas and Frank Gehry—the visionary “arcologist” Paolo Soleri and the Turkish novelist and Nobel laureate, Orhan Pamuk, grasp at chronicling the reality of where we live.
Perestroika 20 Years Later
Authors: GORBACHEV MIKHAIL 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
No Shortcuts to the “End of History”
Authors: KAPUSCINSKI RYSZARD 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited
Authors: HUNTINGTON SAMUEL 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
The Gospel and Globalization
Authors: GIRARD RENÉ 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
Modus Vivendi: Liberalism for the Coming Middle Ages
Authors: GRAY JOHN 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
A Jihad for Education
Authors: ZEWAIL AHMED 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
When Galileo Meets Allah
Authors: CHARFI FARIDA FAOUZIA 
Published: November 2013

Going through a protracted period of transition since the end of the Cold War, the world order in the making is neither what was nor what it is yet to become. It is in “the middle of the future.”To get our bearings in this uncertain transition, we explore the two grand post‐Cold War narratives—“The End of History” as posited by Francis Fukuyama and “The Clash of Civilizations” posited by the late Samuel Huntington. Mikhail Gorbachev looks back at his policies that brought the old order to collapse. The British philosopher John Gray critiques the supposed “universality” of liberalism and, with Homi Bhabha, sees a world of hybrid identities and localized cultures. The Singaporean theorist Kishore Mahbubani peels away the “veneer” of Western dominance. Amartya Sen, the economist and Nobel laureate, assesses whether democratic India or autocratic China is better at building “human capacity” in their societies.
Tokugawa Shoguns vs. Consumer Democracy
Authors: DIAMOND JARED 
Published: November 2013

Civilizations are mortal. Some rise to meet their challenges, others collapse and disappear into history. Why do some posses the capacity to change, and others not?Jared Diamond warns that the Anthropocentric Age, in which the human species for the first time is the dominant influence on the planet, could end up like the extinct Maya, terminating our civilization's accomplishments if we don't squarely face our ecological challenges.Bruce Mau, like Alvin Toffler, sees hope in the “distributed power” enabled by new technologies. Jared Cohen and Eric Schmidt examine the paradoxes of the digital age which has transformed how we live our lives in every respect.
Massive Change: Now Everyone Can Design Solutions
Authors: MAU BRUCE 
Published: November 2013

Civilizations are mortal. Some rise to meet their challenges, others collapse and disappear into history. Why do some posses the capacity to change, and others not?Jared Diamond warns that the Anthropocentric Age, in which the human species for the first time is the dominant influence on the planet, could end up like the extinct Maya, terminating our civilization's accomplishments if we don't squarely face our ecological challenges.Bruce Mau, like Alvin Toffler, sees hope in the “distributed power” enabled by new technologies. Jared Cohen and Eric Schmidt examine the paradoxes of the digital age which has transformed how we live our lives in every respect.
Microbial composition of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Calandrini CA , Ribeiro AC , Gonnelli AC , Ota‐Tsuzuki C , Rangel LP , Saba‐Chujfi E , Mayer MPA 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe association of infections such as periodontitis with atherosclerotic diseases is well documented. In spite of the high diversity of the human oral microbiota, and its close contact with the circulatory system, few oral species were detected in atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, we attempted to evaluate the microbial diversity of atherosclerotic plaques from patients with different periodontal conditions, submitted to endarterectomy by a broad‐range microbial method.Materials and MethodsPatients indicated for aorta endarterectomy due to myocardial infarction were recruited for periodontal clinical examination. The microbial diversity of atherosclerotic plaques (n = 35) was evaluated by sequence analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA libraries.ResultsBacterial DNA was detected in 12 endarterectomy specimens (34.3%). Twenty‐three bacterial species/phylotypes were identified. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes comprised 78.3% and 21.7% of the identified taxa, respectively. Fifteen (60.9%) phylotypes were reported as yet uncultivable or as yet uncharacterized species. Two uncultured phylotypes were previously detected in the human mouth. The periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected in seven samples (20%), followed by Pseudomonas species. There was no association between periodontal parameters and detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans or other phylotypes in atherosclerotic plaques.ConclusionOur results suggest a role of the oral microbiota in the development of inflammation in atherogenesis, particularly of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Effects of Light Energy and Reducing Agents on C60‐Mediated Photosensitizing Reactions
Authors: Quinones Michael , Zhang Yazhou , Riascos Penelope , Hwang Huey‐Min , Aker Winfred G. , He Xiaojia , Gao Ruomei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany biomolecules contain photoactive reducing agents, such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and 6‐thioguanine (6‐TG) incorporated into DNA through drug metabolism. These reducing agents may produce reactive oxygen species under UVA irradiation or act as electron donors in various media. The interactions of C60 fullerenes with biological reductants and light energy, especially via the Type‐I electron‐transfer mechanism, are not fully understood although these factors are often involved in toxicity assessments. The two reductants employed in this work were NADH for aqueous solutions and 6‐TG for organic solvents. Using steady‐state photolysis and electrochemical techniques, we showed that under visible light irradiation, the presence of reducing agents enhanced C60‐mediated Type‐I reactions that generate superoxide anion (O2.−) at the expense of singlet oxygen (1O2) production. The quantum yield of O2.− production upon visible light irradiation of C60 is estimated below 0.2 in dipolar aprotic media, indicating that the majority of triplet C60 deactivate via Type‐II pathway. Upon UVA irradiation, however, both C60 and NADH undergo photochemical reactions to produce O2.−, which could lead to a possible synergistic toxicity effects. C60 photosensitization via Type‐I pathway is not observed in the absence of reducing agents.