bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells and their relationship with E‐cadherin in ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors
Authors: Mello Leonardo Araújo , Figueiredo Andréia Leal , Ramos Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves , Gurgel Clarissa Araújo Silva , Martins Manoela Domingues , de Figueiredo Claúdia Roberta Leite Vieira , Cury Patrícia Ramos , de Albuquerque Júnior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti , Ramalho Luciana Maria Pedreira , Santos Jean Nunes dos 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAmeloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs) are lesions that are characterized by locally invasive growth and cause extensive bone destruction. In addition, it is known that E‐cadherin influences the adhesion of Langerhans cells (LCs) to keratinocytes.Objective and MethodsThe aim of this study was to investigate, using immunohistochemistry, the distribution of CD1a‐positive cells in ameloblastomas and KOTs and their relationship with E‐cadherin, in comparison to calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT).ResultsThe CD1a‐positive LCs were observed in 11 ameloblastomas and KOTs. All of the cases of CCOT showed CD1a‐positive LCs and a significant difference was found when this tumor was compared with ameloblastomas (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney test). A statistically significant difference was also noted when comparing CD1a‐positive LCs between CCOTs and KOTs (P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney test). Lower expression of E‐cadherin in ameloblastomas (AMs) in relation to KOTs and CCOTs (P < 0.05, Fisher test) was observed. There was no correlation between E‐cadherin and CD1a‐positive LCs between all odontogenic tumors that were studied (P > 0.05, Spearman test).ConclusionA quantitative difference of CD1a‐positive cells between AMs and KOTs in comparison to CCOTs was observed. This permits to speculate that a depletion of CD1a‐positive LCs might influence the local invasiveness of ameloblastomas and KOTs. Furthermore, it is suggested that E‐cadherin mediates cell adhesion in these tumors.
Melatonin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity by binding to its active site
Authors: Rudra Deep Sankar , Pal Uttam , Maiti Nakul Chandra , Reiter Russel J. , Swarnakar Snehasikta 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe zinc‐dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling; they play critical roles under both physiological and pathological conditions. MMP‐9 activity is linked to many pathological processes, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, gastric ulcer, tumor growth, and cancer metastasis. Specific inhibition of MMP‐9 activity may be a promising target for therapy for diseases characterized by dysregulated ECM turnover. Potent MMP‐9 inhibitors including an indole scaffold were recently reported in an X‐ray crystallographic study. Herein, we addressed whether melatonin, a secretory product of pineal gland, has an inhibitory effect on MMP‐9 function. Gelatin zymographic analysis showed a significant reduction in pro‐ and active MMP‐9 activity in vitro in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) exhibited a reduced (~50%) MMP‐9 expression when incubated with melatonin, supporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on MMP‐9. Atomic‐level interaction between melatonin and MMP‐9 was probed with computational chemistry tools. Melatonin docked into the active site cleft of MMP‐9 and interacted with key catalytic site residues including the three histidines that form the coordination complex with the catalytic zinc as well as proline 421 and alanine 191. We hypothesize that under physiological conditions, tight binding of melatonin in the active site might be involved in reducing the catalytic activity of MMP‐9. This finding could provide a novel approach to physical docking of biomolecules to the catalytic site of MMPs, which inhibits this protease, to arrest MMP‐9‐mediated inflammatory signals.
Exogenous melatonin improves Malus resistance to Marssonina apple blotch
Authors: Yin Lihua , Wang Ping , Li Mingjun , Ke Xiwang , Li Cuiying , Liang Dong , Wu Shan , Ma Xinli , Li Chao , Zou Yangjun , Ma Fengwang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve resistance to Marssonina apple blotch (Diplocarpon mali) by apple [Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. cv. Donghongguo]. This serious disease leads to premature defoliation in the main regions of apple production. When plants were pretreated with melatonin, resistance was increased in the leaves. We investigated the potential roles for melatonin in modulating levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well the activities of antioxidant enzymes and pathogenesis‐related proteins during these plant–pathogen interactions. Pretreatment enabled plants to maintain intracellular H2O2 concentrations at steady‐state levels and enhance the activities of plant defence‐related enzymes, possibly improving disease resistance. Because melatonin is safe and beneficial to animals and humans, exogenous pretreatment might represent a promising cultivation strategy to protect plants against this pathogen infection.
Mechanisms shaping plant biomass and species richness: plant strategies and litter effect in alkali and loess grasslands
Authors: Kelemen András , Török Péter , Valkó Orsolya , Miglécz Tamás , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuestionExplaining the biomass–species richness relationship is key to understanding vegetation dynamics. Several possible mechanisms have been suggested, but complex analysis of plant strategies, major biomass and species richness components along a long productivity gradient is still lacking. We provide a detailed analysis of the relationship between major biomass components (total above‐ground biomass, green biomass and litter), plant strategies and species richness along a long gradient of alkali and loess grasslands in a steppe landscape in Central Europe.LocationHortobágy, Great Hungarian Plain, East Hungary.MethodsAbove‐ground biomass of characteristic alkali and loess grassland stands was sampled along a gradient of increasing productivity. In each grassland stand, a 25‐m2 sample site was randomly selected. Within each site, ten above‐ground biomass samples (20 × 20 cm) were collected randomly in June 2009, at the peak of biomass production. We classified all species into mixed C‐S‐R strategy types. To obtain correlations between various biomass and species richness data, Spearman rank correlation was used. The relationship between plant strategies and species composition were displayed with a DCA ordination.ResultsThe frequently detected humped‐back relationship was valid for the relation of total biomass and species richness. With increasing amount of total biomass, we detected an increasing proportion of competitors, and a decreasing proportion of stress tolerators in green biomass. A low proportion of ruderals was detected at both low and high biomass levels. Species richness was affected positively by litter at low litter scores, but there was a negative litter effect from much lower scores than detected previously (from 400 g·m−2). There was a positive relationship between green biomass production and species richness.ConclusionsThe study revealed that at the initial part of a productivity gradient, stress is likely responsible for low species richness. Our results show that litter can shape changes in species richness along the whole biomass gradient, thus the litter effect is one of the major mechanisms structuring grassland diversity.
Recalculation of data for short‐lived radionuclide systems using less‐biased ratio estimation
Authors: TELUS M. , HUSS G. R. , OGLIORE R. C. , NAGASHIMA K. , TACHIBANA S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract–Ratios determined from counting a subset of atoms in a sample are positively biased relative to the true ratio in the sample (Ogliore et al. 2011). The relative magnitude of the bias is approximately equal to the inverse of the counts in the denominator of the ratio. SIMS studies of short‐lived radionuclides are particularly subject to the problem of ratio bias because the abundance of the daughter element is low, resulting in low count rates. In this paper, we discuss how ratio bias propagates through mass‐fractionation corrections into an isochron diagram, thereby affecting the inferred initial ratio of short‐lived radionuclides. The slope of the biased isochron can be either too high or too low, depending on how it is calculated. We then reanalyze a variety of previously published data sets and discuss the extent to which they were affected by ratio bias. New, more accurate, results are presented for each study. In some cases, such as for 53Mn‐53Cr in pallasite olivines and 60Fe‐60Ni in chondrite sulfides, the apparent excesses of radiogenic isotopes originally reported disappear completely. Many of the reported initial 60Fe/56Fe ratios for chondrules from ordinary chondrites are no longer resolved from zero, though not all of them. Data for 10Be‐10B in CAIs were only slightly affected by bias because of how they were reduced. Most of the data sets were recalculated using the ratio of the total counts, which increases the number of counts in the denominator isotope and reduces the bias. However, if the sum of counts is too low, the ratio may still be biased and a less‐biased estimator, such as Beale’s estimator, must be used. Ratio bias must be considered in designing the measurement protocol and reducing the data. One can still collect data in cycles to permit editing of the data and to monitor and correct for changes in ion‐beam intensity, even if total counts are used to calculate the final ratio. The cycle data also provide a more robust estimate of the uncertainties from temporal variations in the secondary ion signal.
Permission to Believe: Why Permissivism Is True and What It Tells Us About Irrelevant Influences on Belief
Authors: Schoenfield Miriam 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper, I begin by defending permissivism: the claim that, sometimes, there is more than one way to rationally respond to a given body of evidence. Then I argue that, if we accept permissivism, certain worries that arise as a result of learning that our beliefs were caused by the communities we grew up in, the schools we went to, or other irrelevant influences dissipate. The basic strategy is as follows: First, I try to pinpoint what makes irrelevant influences worrying and I come up with two candidate principles. I then argue that one principle should be rejected because it is inconsistent with permissivism. The principle we should accept implies that it is sometimes rational to maintain our beliefs, even upon learning that they were caused by irrelevant influences.
Adaptation at range margins: common garden trials and the performance ofArabidopsis lyrataacross its northwestern European range
Authors: Vergeer Philippine , Kunin William E. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWidely distributed species, such as the perennial plantArabidopsis lyrata, face a range of environmental conditions across space, creating selective pressures for local evolutionary adaptation. The species' fragmented distribution may reduce gene flow, which could either reduce or increase adaptive potential. The substantial variation in phenotypic traits observed across this species' northwestern European range may reflect a combination of plastic responses to environmental conditions, evolutionary adaptation and nonadaptive genetic differentiation.We conducted multi‐site common garden experiments to study differences in plant performance in core and marginal areas. Plants from eight source populations representing the species' full geographic and altitudinal range in northwestern Europe were planted out in Iceland, Sweden, Scotland and Wales.We found evidence of both strong plastic responses and apparently adaptive differentiation in performance. Most evidence for local adaptation was found at range margins, with the strongest effects on reproductive output. Both biotic and abiotic factors affected performance, especially at range margins. Performance of most plants was best in the Scottish and Swedish common garden sites, in the core of the species' distribution.Despite adaptations at range margins, the performance of the species declines at distributional limits, with extreme southern populations looking particularly vulnerable.
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy and risk of congenital jaw and oral malformation
Authors: Koo J , Zavras A 
Published: December 2012

In the United States, an estimate of 1.3 million women suffering from epilepsy are in their childbearing age. Potential teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is of concern to these women considering pregnancy because discontinuing pharmacotherapy during pregnancy may not be advised due to the risk of seizures that may be dangerous to the mother as well as the fetus. Using a Relational Online Analytical Processing (ROLAP) software licensed by Simultek, we searched for medications reported for congenital jaw and oral cavity malformation on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS), a voluntary adverse event reporting program that contains over 55 million adverse event reports of medical products in the United.States. Our results indicate that various forms of valproic acid, and more importantly, newer generation antiepileptic agents including lamotrigine, topiramate, and gabapentin show signals for either congenital jaw or oral malformation. Although teratogenic potential of valproic acid has long been confirmed, information on teratogenicity of the newer generation antiepileptic drugs is relatively scarce and inconclusive. Early safety signals on the teratogenic potential of AEDs detected in this study are crude statistics that do not establish causation nor exclude confounding. The results require validation and further investigation via properly controlled epidemiological studies.
Herlitz Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa with a Novel Mutation in LAMB3
Authors: Kittridge Ashley , Patel Riddhi , Novoa Roberto , Tamburro Joan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHerlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (H‐JEB) is a rare, heritable mechanobullous disease that affects infants at birth and causes early death. This disease is primarily caused by compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in one of three genes affecting the function of one of the three chains of the laminin‐332 (formerly laminin‐5) protein. Here we report a case of H‐JEB with a novel heterozygous mutation in LAMB3,c.1597G>A (p.Ala533Thr). These findings attest to the molecular heterogeneity of JEB and emphasize the importance of genetic analysis to help make an accurate diagnosis, predict clinical prognosis, and identify phenotypic‐genotypic relationships that may aid in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for the future.
Agminated Spitz Nevi: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zeng M. H. , Kong Q. T. , Sang H. , Deng D. Q. , Xie Q. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpitz nevi are benign melanocytic lesions with many histologic similarities to malignant melanoma. A case of agminated Spitz nevi on a 2‐year‐old boy's left cheek is reported and 41 other cases of agminated Spitz nevi are reviewed. In this case, two biopsies were performed on two different‐appearing lesions and the results of both biopsies showed Spitz nevi.
Childhood Vitiligo: Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of 268 Children from the Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Agarwal Saurabh , Gupta Shalini , Ojha Amit , Sinha Rajesh 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChildhood vitiligo differs from adult vitiligo in many clinical parameters. The objective of the current study was to study the clinicoepidemiologic profile of childhood vitiligo and to compare various clinical characteristics of childhood‐ and later‐onset vitiligo. The clinical presentation of vitiligo was examined and analyzed in 762 individuals attending the Dermatology Clinic of Government Medical College, Haldwani, a referral center for the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand state, India, between January 2006 and December 2010. Of the 762 individuals with vitiligo, 268 (35.2%) were children: 152 (56.7%) female and 116 (43.3%) male. The mean age of onset of vitiligo was 6.9 years. A family history of vitiligo was found in 24.3% of children. The most common site of onset was the head and neck (36.9%), followed by the lower limbs and trunk. The most common type of vitiligo observed was acrofacial vitiligo (38.1%), followed by vulgaris, segmental, focal, and mucosal. Leukotrichia was observed in 32.5% of children and Koebner's phenomenon in 24.3%. On comparison of childhood‐ and later‐onset vitiligo, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in sex, family history, type of vitiligo (segmental and vulgaris), and site of onset. Atopic dermatitis was one of the important cutaneous diseases associated with childhood‐onset vitiligo. Thirty‐five percent of all patients with vitiligo were children (≤12 yrs). Childhood‐onset vitilgo differs from later‐onset vitiligo in many clinical parameters such as sex, family history, types of vitiligo, and sites of onset.
Maternal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Infantile Hemangioma: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Chen Xiao Dong , Ma Gang , Chen Hui , Ye Xiao Xiao , Jin Yun Bo , Lin Xiao Xi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInfantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor occurring during childhood. We hypothesized that, in addition to already known risk factors, such as female sex, prematurity, and low birthweight (LBW), antenatal vaginal bleeding and progesterone therapy would be highly associated with IH. We randomly selected 650 individuals with IH and matched them with 650 children of the same age and nationality without IH. Trained investigators used a standardized questionnaire to collect data from both groups, including demographic, prenatal, and perinatal characteristics. Prematurity (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–3.41), LBW (p < .001, OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.87–5.16) and female sex (p < .001, OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.65–2.58) were significantly associated with IH. Maternal vaginal bleeding during the first trimester was shown to be an independent risk factor according to logistic regression analyses (p < .001, OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.36–1.91), which was most evident in those receiving progesterone therapy to prevent miscarriage (p < .001, OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.77–2.51). Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect was more pronounced in female than in male infants (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.39–3.34). In addition to the known relationships, the present study identified a close relationship between maternal vaginal bleeding and progesterone therapy during early pregnancy and IH. Twins appeared to have a higher incidence of IH than singletons.
Systemic Antifungals to Treat Onychomycosis in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Aditya K , Paquet Maryse 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBecause of the low prevalence of onychomycosis in children, little is known about the efficacy and safety of systemic antifungals in this population. PubMed and Embase databases and the references of related publications were searched in March 2012 for clinical trials (CTs), retrospective analyses (RAs), and case reports (CRs) on the use of systemic antifungals for onychomycosis in children (<18 years). Twenty‐six studies (5 CTs, 3 RAs, and 18 CRs) were published between 1976 and 2011. Most of these studies reported the use of systemic terbinafine and itraconazole for the treatment of onychomycosis in children. Therapy with systemic antifungals alone in children ages 1 to 17 years resulted in a complete cure rate of 70.8% (n = 151), whereas combined systemic and topical antifungal therapy in one infant and 19 children age 8 and older resulted in a complete cure rate of 80.0% (n = 20). The efficacy and safety profiles of terbinafine, itraconazole, griseofulvin, and fluconazole in children were similar to those previously reported for adults. In conclusion, based on the little information available on onychomycosis in children, systemic antifungal therapies in children are safe and cure rates are similar to the rates achieved in adults.
Rapidly Fatal Multiorgan Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Neonate
Authors: Gee Sarah N. , Huang Jennifer T. , Schmidt Birgitta A. , Gellis Stephen E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMultiorgan Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presenting in the neonatal period is associated with a poor prognosis. We report a 5‐day‐old neonate who presented at birth with diffuse cutaneous nodules and respiratory failure who received a postmortem diagnosis of LCH. We emphasize the importance of recognizing the cutaneous findings of this rare disease.
DAS181 treatment of severe parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient
Authors: Drozd D.R. , Limaye A.P. , Moss R.B. , Sanders R.L. , Hansen C. , Edelman J.D. , Raghu G. , Boeckh M. , Rakita R.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractParainfluenza virus (PIV) may cause life‐threatening pneumonia in lung transplant patients and there are no proven effective therapies. We report the use of inhaled DAS181, a novel sialidase fusion protein, to treat severe PIV type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant patient. Treatment was well tolerated and associated with improvement in oxygenation and symptoms, along with rapid clearance of PIV. DAS181 should be systematically evaluated for treatment of PIV infection in transplant recipients.
Fatal Escherichia coli skin and soft tissue infections in liver transplant recipients: report of three cases
Authors: Janny S. , Bert F. , Dondero F. , Nicolas Chanoine M.‐H. , Belghiti J. , Mantz J. , Paugam‐Burtz C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGram‐negative bacilli are unusual agents of skin and soft tissue infections. Most previous cases have been reported in cirrhotic or immunocompromised patients, including a single case in a liver transplant recipient. The present report describes 3 cases of fatal skin or soft tissue infections caused by Escherichia coli that occurred in the postoperative course of liver transplantation. The 3 patients were profoundly immunosuppressed as a result of pre‐transplant cirrhosis and the postoperative administration of a potent immunosuppressive therapy. Skin and soft tissue infections developed within the first week after liver transplantation, while graft liver function was satisfactory. The 3 patients presented with fever and skin lesions with or without bullae. Despite prompt appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement, the outcome was rapidly fatal (24 h on average). E. coli was isolated from subcutaneous tissues in 2 cases and from several blood cultures in the third one. The 3 isolates belonged to distinct phylogenetic groups, and did not harbor most of the virulence factors usually reported in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates. Our report suggests that E. coli can cause severe skin or soft tissue infection in the postoperative course of liver transplantation. The onset of infection is very early and the outcome is extremely poor, despite prompt adapted medical and surgical treatment. Host factors, rather than E. coli bacterial virulence potential, appear to be the major determinants of severity in these patients.
Expect the unexpected: pleuro‐pulmonary melioidosis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Jabbar Z. , Han T.M. , Gagan F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMelioidosis is an infectious disease endemic in tropical northern Australia and Southeast Asia, and, if treated late or inappropriately, is usually fatal. We report a rare case of pleuro‐pulmonary melioidosis with septicemia in a renal transplant recipient to highlight the potential risk of acquiring this infection in at‐risk patients living in, or visiting, regions that are endemic for melioidosis, and to convey the importance of its early diagnosis and specific treatment.