bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot Wire Measurements During Rotating Stall in a Variable Pitch Axial Flow Fan
Authors: Blanco-Marigorta Eduardo , Ballesteros-Tajadura Rafael , Santolaria Carlos 
Published: February 2015

This work deals with a series of experiments on the influence of the blade pitch on the rotating stall phenomenon in an industrial variable pitch, low-speed axial flow fan with low hub-to-tip ratio.
Two simple hot wires were used to detect the rotating stall. One in the absolute frame and the other in the relative frame rotating with the rotor. The rotating stall features were determined, ranging from the non-existence in the whole flow range with the lowest pitch tested to one and two flow cells with the greatest pitch.
Then, a triple hot wire, calibrated by a direct method, was used to measure the absolute flow field upstream and downstream from the rotor, before and during rotating stall for five distinct blade pitches. These measurements allow us to characterize different rotating stall structures.
To understand the phenomena better, some tests were carried out in the relative frame, with the probe rotating with the rotor. An intermediate blade pitch with a single rotating cell was selected and measurements were taken at three radial positions. Velocity maps for all these measurements are presented.
Research and Development of Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)
Authors: Takehara Isashi , Inobe Isao , Tatsumi Tetsuo , Ichikawa Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Hirotake 
Published: February 2015

The ongoing Japanese Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) project, as a part of the New Sunshine Project funded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), aims to achieve higher efficiency, lower pollutant emission, and multi-fuel capability for small to medium sized gas turbine engines to be used in co-generation systems. The final target of this project is to achieve a thermal efficiency over 42% at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350°C.
Under this project, Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) is developing the CGT302 (a regenerative twin-spool CGT). The CGT302 has several unique features as follows: simple-shaped ceramic components, KHI’s original binding system for turbine nozzle segments, stress-free structure using ceramic springs and rings, etc. In addition to these features, a high turbine tip speed and a metal plate fin recuperator were adopted.
At the end of the fiscal year 1994, an intermediate appraisal was carried out, and the CGT302 was recognized to have successfully achieved its target. The CGT302 endurance test at the intermediate stage required 20 hours’ operation of the basic ceramic engine. The actual testing accomplished 40 hours at over 1200°C TIT, which included 30 hours of operation without disassembling. The target thermal efficiency of 30% at 1200°C has almost been reached, 29.2% having been achieved. In 1995 the CGT302 recorded successfully 33.1% at 1190°C of TIT with no trouble.
We will introduce the current status of R&D of the CGT302 and its unique features in this paper.
A Tool for Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of Gas, Steam and Combined Plants
Authors: Agazzani A. , Massardo A. F. 
Published: February 2015

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the capability of an original “modular” simulator tool for the thermoeconomic analysis of thermal-energy systems. The approach employed is based on the Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis (T.F.A.) which, through definition of the “functional productive diagram“ and the establishment of the capital cost function of each component, allows the marginal costs and the unit product costs, i.e. the “internal economy“, of the functional exergy flows to be obtained in correspondence to the optimum point.
The optimum design of the system is obtained utilizing a traditional optimization technique which includes both physical structure of the energy system described in terms of thermodynamic variables and cost model (capital cost of the components, maintenance and amortization factors, unit fuel cost, unit electricity cost, etc.).
As an application example to show the practicability of the tool, the thermoeconomic analysis of various complex multi-pressure combined cycles (with or without steam reheating) is carried out. The results are analyzed and discussed in depth.
Sensor Based Analyzer for Continuous Emission Monitoring in Gas Pipeline Applications
Authors: Schubert Paul F. , Sheridan David R. , Cooper Michael D. , Banchieri Andrew J. 
Published: February 2015

Continuous emissions monitoring of gas turbine engines in pipeline service have typically been monitored using either laboratory derived instruments (CEMS) or predicted using data from low cost sensors on the engines and algorithms generated by mapping engine performance (PEMS). A new cost-effective system developed under a program sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (Chicago) combines the advantages of both systems to monitor engine emissions in gas transmission service. This hybrid system is a sensor based analyzer which uses a sensor array, including a newly developed NOx sensor, to directly monitor NOx, CO, and O2 emissions at the stack. The gases are measured hot and wet.
The new systems were installed and tested on a gas-fired Rolls Royce Spey turbine engine and on Ingersoll-Rand KVG-410 and Cooper GMVH-10 reciprocating engines in gas transmission service. These systems passed the Relative Accuracy Test (Part B) required under U.S. EPA regulations (40 CFR 60).
Development of a Catalytic Combustor for a Heavy-Duty Utility Gas Turbine
Authors: Dalla Betta Ralph A. , Schlatter James C. , Nickolas Sarento G. , Cutrone Martin B. , Beebe Kenneth W. , Furuse Yutaka , Tsuchiya Toshiaki 
Published: February 2015

The most effective technologies currently available for controlling NOx emissions from heavy-duty industrial gas turbines are either diluent injection in the combustor reaction zone, or lean premixed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion. For ultra low emissions requirements, these must be combined with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) DeNOx systems in the gas turbine exhaust. An alternative technology for achieving comparable emissions levels with the potential for lower capital investment and operating cost is catalytic combustion of lean premixed fuel and air within the gas turbine. The design of a catalytic combustion system using natural gas fuel has been prepared for the GE model MS9OOIE gas turbine. This machine has a turbine inlet temperature to the first rotating stage of over 1100°C and produces approximately 105 MW electrical output in simple cycle operation. The 508 mm diameter catalytic combustor designed for this gas turbine was operated at full-scale conditions in tests conducted in 1992 and 1994. The combustor was operated for twelve hours during the 1994 test and demonstrated very low NOx emissions from the catalytic reactor. The total exhaust NOx level was approximately 12–15 ppmv and was produced almost entirely in the preburner ahead of the reactor. A small quantity of steam injected into the preburner reduced the NOx emissions to 5–6 ppmv.
Development of the combustion system has continued with the objectives of reducing CO and UHC emissions, understanding the parameters affecting reactor stability and spatial non-uniformities which were observed at low inlet temperature, and improving the structural integrity of the reactor system to a level required for commercial operation of gas turbines. Design modifications were completed and combustion hardware was fabricated for additional full-scale tests of the catalytic combustion system in March 1995 and January 1996. This paper presents a discussion of the combustor design, the catalytic reactor design and the results of full-scale testing of the improved combustor at MS9OOIE cycle conditions in the March 1995 and January 1996 tests. Major improvements in performance were achieved with CO and UHC emissions of 10 ppmv and 0 ppmv at base load conditions.
This ongoing program will lead to two additional full-scale combustion system tests in 1996. The results of these tests will be available for discussion at the June 1996 Conference in Birmingham.
Discharge Coefficient of Turbine Cooling Holes: A Review
Authors: Hay N. , Lampard D. 
Published: February 2015

Published information on the discharge coefficient of film cooling holes is classified in terms of the hole geometry, the external flow conditions at inlet and outlet, and the method of evaluation. This may be either theoretical or experimental.
The information is reviewed primarily in the context of its use for evaluating discharge coefficients for conditions not directly covered by published data. It is shown that potential flow analyses can give acceptable accuracy for simple geometries with crossflows, while more complex cases require the use of correlated data which may be incorporated in a range of predictive schemes.
Deficiencies and inconsistencies in the published information are highlighted, and future developments are discussed.
The Optimization of Combined Cycle HRSGs as a Function of the Plant Load Duty
Authors: Dechamps P. J. 
Published: February 2015

Natural gas fired combined cycle power plants now take a substantial share of the power generation market, mainly because they can be delivering power with a remarkable efficiency shortly after the decision to install is taken, and because they are a relatively low capital cost option.
The power generation markets becoming more and more competitive in terms of the cost of electricity, the trend is to go for high performance equipments, notably as far as the gas turbine and the heat recovery steam generator are concerned.
The heat recovery steam generator is the essential link in the combined cycle plant, and should be optimized with respect to the cost of electricity. This asks for a techno-economic optimization with an objective function which comprises both the plant efficiency and the initial investment.
This paper applies on an example the incremental cost method, which allows to optimize parameters like the pinch points and the superheat temperatures. The influence of the plant load duty on this optimization is emphasized. This is essential, because the load factor will not usually remain constant during the plant life-time. The example which is presented shows the influence of the load factor, which is important, as the plant goes down in merit order with time, following the introduction of more modern, more efficient power plants on the same grid.
Experimental Analysis of a Small Prototype of Peripheral Turbine for Decompression of Natural Gas
Authors: Bartolini Carlo M. , Salvi Danilo 
Published: February 2015

In most cases, methane distributed through pipeline networks is decompressed in substation through the use of throttling valves.
An alternative process for decompressing natural gas consists of using turboexpanders: as the gas moves through the machine, the energy is removed from the fluid by the reduction in pressure and temperature; it’s then converted to mechanical energy by means of a rotor; the mechanical energy is transferred to the shaft and then converted to electrical energy.
This paper illustrates how a part of the energy lost through decompression can be recovered by means of peripheral turbines. These non-conventional turboexpanders can handle a range of applications, characterized by high expansion ratios and low flow rates, which traditional movers haven’t covered because their use wouldn’t be economically feasible.
Peripheral turbines offer specific advantages as prime movers whenever and wherever smaller mass flows and high expansion ratios are involved. Moreover, the presence of high pressure coefficients and low specific speeds support the choice of this mover in those cases which demand low level power at low revolutions from energy sources under high pressure. On the other hand, one negative aspect is that the level of isentropic efficiency is rather low. Nevertheless, owing to the small overall dimensions of the peripheral turbine, the mover can be usefully applied in a modular construction system, in which a number of machines can be assembled, either in series or in parallel, without an appreciable increase in price. The fact that the units are modular makes the system extraordinary versatile and adaptable.
In order to verify the technical feasibility of the project, detailed engineering was performed for a hypothetical pilot plant, based on data for a specific gas distribution network. Then a feasibility economic study was performed for the pilot plant. The evaluation of the pay back period and the NPV demonstrate the validity of the investment.
Design and Performance of Low Heating Value Fuel Gas Turbine Combustors
Authors: Battista Robert A. , Feitelberg Alan S. , Lacey Michael A. 
Published: February 2015

General Electric Company is developing and testing low heating value fuel gas turbine combustors for use in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems. This paper presents the results of a series of combustion tests conducted at the pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system located at GE Corporate Research and Development in Schenectady, New York. Tests were performed in a modified GE MS6000 combustor liner operating at a pressure of 10 bar and over a wide load range (combustor exit temperatures from 760 to 1400°C).
The primary objective of these tests was to compare and contrast the performance (emissions, flame stability, and combustor liner temperatures) of six different low heating value fuel nozzle designs, representing three distinct nozzle concepts. With 2200 to 4600 ppmv NH3 in the fuel, the conversion of fuel NH3 to NOx was roughly independent of fuel nozzle type, and ranged from about 70% at low combustor exit temperatures to about 20% at high combustor exit temperatures. For all of the fuel nozzles, CO emissions were typically less than 5 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) at combustor exit temperatures greater than 980°C. Significant differences in CO emissions were observed at lower combustor exit temperatures. Some differences in liner temperatures and flame stability were also observed with the different nozzles. In general, nozzles which produced lower CO emissions and greater flame stability had higher fuel swirl angles and resulted in higher combustor liner temperatures. The nozzle with the best overall performance (consisting of concentric axial air and fuel swirlers and an air cooled mixing cup) has been selected for use at a commercial site.
Nonplanar Crack Growth Using the Surface Integral Method
Authors: Forth Scott C. , Keat William D. 
Published: February 2015

A surface integral formulation, based on representing a crack as a distribution of force dipoles, has been developed for modeling the propagation of a three-dimensional nonplanar fracture. The minimum strain energy density, and maximum circumferential stress theories were used to determine the direction of crack growth. The extension of the fracture surface was based on the Paris Law for fatigue. Remeshing of the fracture during growth was accomplished by adding a ring of elements to the existing mesh at the conclusion of each increment of crack growth. This promoted the efficiency of the algorithm by eliminating the need to recalculate the entire coefficient matrix.
Use of the surface integral method, coupled with growth criteria, has yielded an accurate model for three-dimensional nonplanar crack growth under mixed mode loading conditions. The study of several penny-shaped precracks under mixed mode loading conditions produced the expected growth trajectory, and compared favorably to existing 2D, 3D, and experimental results found in the literature.
Altering Shank–Rear-Foot Joint Coupling During Gait With Ankle Taping in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Controls
Authors: Herb C. Collin , Chinn Lisa , Hertel Jay 
Published: February 2015

Context:Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries in active individuals. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition that commonly occurs after LAS and is associated with long-term disability and a high risk of multiple ankle sprains. Ankle taping is a commonly used intervention for the prevention of ankle sprains.Objective:To analyze the ankle-joint coupling using vector coding during walking and jogging gait with the application of ankle tape and without ankle tape in young adults with and without CAI.Design:Observational laboratory study design. Patients walked and jogged on an instrumented treadmill while taped and not taped. Fifteen strides for each subject were collected and analyzed using a vector-coding technique to compare magnitude coupled motion, ratio of coupled motion, and the variability (VCV) within groups. Within-group means and 90% confidence intervals (CI) were compared between the taped and nontaped condition, and where the CIs did not overlap was considered significant.Setting:A 12-camera 3D motion-capture system with instrumented treadmill.Patients:12 patients with CAI and 11 healthy controls.Main Outcome Measures:Magnitude to coupled motion, ratio of coupled motion, and the VCV of shank–rear-foot joint coupling.Results:Magnitude of coupled motion and VCV were significantly lower in the taped condition than in the nontaped condition in both groups. Magnitude differences were identified near initial contact during walking and during swing phase of jogging. VCV differences were identified throughout the gait cycle at both walking and jogging. No differences were identified in theta between tape and nontaped conditions.Conclusions:A decrease in the magnitude of coupled motion and VCV may represent a protective mechanism of ankle taping in CAI and healthy patients during gait.
Complete Genome of Citrobacter freundii Siphophage Stevie
Authors: Shaw Justin P. , Aviles Medina Carlos A. , Chen Yi , Luna Adrian J. , Hernandez Adriana C. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Citrobacter freundii
is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many urinary tract infections acquired in hospitals and is thus a concern for public health.
C. freundii
phage Stevie might prove beneficial as a treatment against these infections. The complete genome of Stevie and its key features are described here.
Complete Genome of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium T5-Like Siphophage Stitch
Authors: Grover James M. , Luna Adrian J. , Wood Thammajun L. , Chamakura Karthik R. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella, is a leading cause of food poisoning worldwide. With the continuing rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance, efforts are focused on seeking new approaches for treatment of bacterial infections, namely, bacteriophage therapy. Here, we report the complete genome of S. Typhimurium siphophage Stitch.
Genome Sequencing of 10 Helicobacter pylori Pediatric Strains from Patients with Nonulcer Dyspepsia and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Nunes Alexandra , Rocha Raquel , Vale Filipa F. , Vieira Luís , Sampaio Daniel A. , Dias Ricardo , Gomes João P. , Oleastro Mónica 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

We present draft genome sequences of 10
Helicobacter pylori
clinical strains isolated from children. This will be important for future studies of comparative genomics in order to better understand the virulence determinants underlying peptic ulcer disease.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni YH001 from Beef Liver, Which Contains a Novel Plasmid
Authors: He Yiping , Yan Xianghe , Reed Sue , Xie Yanping , Chen Chin-Yi , Irwin Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
, commonly found in poultry and meat products, causes gastroenteritis in humans. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a
C. jejuni
strain, YH001, isolated from retail beef liver. The genome is 1,712,361 bp and has a 30.5% G+C content and two plasmids of 46.5 kb and 4.4 kb.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albus Strain NBRC 13014
T
, the Type Species of the Genus Streptomyces
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Ichikawa Natsuko , Oguchi Akio , Hamada Moriyuki , Tamura Tomohiko , Fujita Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces albus
is the type species of the genus Streptomyces. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of S. albus strain NBRC 13014
T
. The genome contains at least seven orphan polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters. The genome sequence will also serve as a valuable reference for Streptomyces taxonomy.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas simiae Strain 2-36, an
In Vitro
Antagonist of Rhizoctonia solani and Gaeumannomyces graminis
Authors: Adam Zaky , Chen Qing , Xu Renlin , Diange Adolf E. , Bromfield Eden S. P. , Tambong James Tabi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas simiae
2-36, isolated from a field plot under long-term mineral fertilization, exhibited strong
in vitro
antagonistic activities against
Rhizoctonia solani
and
Gaeumannomyces graminis
. We report here the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas simiae
2-36, consisting of 6.4 Mbp with a 60.25% G+C content and 5,790 predicted protein-coding sequences.
How Do Differences in Treatment Impact Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia?
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Ma Yifei , Mitchell Beverly , Rhoads Kim F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated disparate acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) survival for black and Hispanic patients; these differences persisted despite younger ages and higher prevalence of favorable cytogenetics in these groups. This study determined: (i) whether there are differences in treatment delivered to minorities, and (ii) how these differences affect outcomes in AML. We hypothesize that differences in treatment explain some proportion of survival disparities.
Methods: We used California Cancer Registry data linked to hospital discharge abstracts for patients with AML (1998–2008). Logistic regression models estimated odds of treatment (chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplant) by race/ethnicity. Cox proportional hazard models estimated mortality by race after adjustment for treatment.
Results: We analyzed 11,084 records. Black race was associated with lower odds of chemotherapy [OR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61–0.91]. Black and Hispanic patients had decreased odds of transplant [(OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.87); (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62–0.89), respectively]. Black patients had increased hazard of mortality (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25) compared with whites. Adjustment for receipt of any treatment resulted in decreased mortality (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20) for black patients.
Conclusions: AML treatment differences for black patients explain some proportion of the disparity. Future AML disparities studies should investigate socioeconomic and other characteristics.
Impact: Study findings may better elucidate drivers of disparities in AML. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(2); 344–9. ©2015 AACR.