bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis: a Case Report with a Family History in Three Generations
Authors: Stepanović Milica , Paravina Mirjana , Spasić Danica Janjić 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis is the most common form of porokeratosis in adults, which develops in the third or fourth decade of life, but may also occur later or earlier, more frequently in females, particularly in countries with high sun exposure. Lesions are numerous, uniform, superficial with central atrophy, demarcated by a distinct peripheral ridge, and usually found on sun exposed areas or elsewhere. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. We present a 57-year-old retired woman. Her initial skin changes, affecting the face, developed in her thirties, and they have not changed their features since. In the following years, changes developed on the extensor surface of her arms and legs, with more prominent erythema, and then also on other parts of the body, including palms and soles, presenting as dark brown pigmented patches. Her mother had similar changes, and her daughter, who lives abroad, also has them. On examination, the patient presented with facial lesions, patches 2-3 mm wide, with peripheral hyperpigmentation and a pale center. There were multiple, 2-3 mm wide, dark brown lesions on the extremities and trunk. The lesions were either flat or with atrophic center with darker filiform corneal rim. Pathohistolgical examination revealed a "cornoid lamella", which is pathognomonic for the diagnosis of porokeratosis. Auxiliary diagnostic methods were also used - dermoscopy and Gentian violet staining. The patient was advised to avoid sun exposure and to apply photoprotective sunscreens. In conclusion, this is a case report of a disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis that affected three generations of a family. Our patient developed lesions on palms and soles as well. A review of available world literature shows that this is the second case report of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with palmoplantar involvement.
Towards automated road information framework a case study of Tanzania
Authors: Runyoro Angela-Aida K. , Zlotnikova Irina , Ko Jesuk 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Traffic congestion problem has been noticed to have a serious impact on the economy of the country in terms of time wastage, energy consumption costs, human loss and environmental effects. Different strategies have been used so far all over the world as shown in the literature review. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a multi-technology approach that can help to handle the issues and create a complete congestion reduction framework. This paper presents a case study for implementing automated road management system using networks in Tanzania, where three cities highly affected by traffic congestion have been studied. Study results show that these cities have not yet implemented new technologies in road traffic management; instead the traffic is controlled using traffic police officers and traffic lights only. The traffic lights use an old technology that cannot manage traffic in relation to the real-time situations. This study proposes components for a framework, which will assist automation in road traffic management. From the review of various existing ITS of which Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) and Advanced Travel Information System (ATIS) are subsystems, we have identified the possibility to integrate the two sub-systems within the framework. Three-phase traffic theory has been referred, FOTO and ASDA models are applied to the automatic recognition and tracking of congested spatiotemporal traffic patterns on roads.
A self-powered wireless sensor network for dynamic management of queues at traffic lights
Authors: Collotta Mario , Denaro Mario , Scatà Gianfranco , Messineo Antonio , Nicolosi Giuseppina 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The dynamic management of traffic light cycles is a really interesting research issue considering modern technologies, which can be used in order to optimise road junctions and then improve living conditions of the roads. Wireless sensor networks represent the most suitable technology, as they are easy to deploy and manage. The data relating to road traffic flows can be detected by the sensor network and then processed through the innovative approach, proposed in this work, in order to determine the right green times at traffic lights. Although wireless sensor networks are characterized by very low consumption devices, the continuous information transmission reduces the life cycle of the whole network. To this end, the proposed architecture provides a technique to power the sensor nodes based on piezoelectric materials, which allow producing potential energy taking advantage of the vibration produced by the passage of vehicles on the road.
Residual Stresses in Shot Peened Grey and Compact Iron
Authors: Lundberg M. , Peng R. L. , Ahmad M. , Vuoristo T. , Bäckström D. , Johansson S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGrey cast iron and compacted graphite iron with a pearlitic matrix are investigated in this study after shot peening using twelve unique combinations of parameters, namely shot size, peening intensity and coverage, followed by residual stress measurements and evaluations. Cylindrical test samples were cut out from heavy truck cylinder heads and polished on the top flat surface to decrease effects from cutting. Residual stresses and the affected depth from the different peening conditions varied between −245 MPa to −565 MPa and from 280 μm to 770 μm in depth. Resultant surface compressive stresses decrease with increasing shot size, peening intensity or coverage whereas the affected depth increases with increasing intensity. The increased affected depth is a result from the increased extent and magnitude of plastic deformation. The compacted graphite iron was more affected by shot peening than the grey cast iron, meaning that the same shot peening parameters resulted in both higher compressive stresses and larger deformation depth.
Uncertainties in retrieved ice thickness from freeboard measurements due to surface melting
Authors: Lu Peng , Li Zhijun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAirborne and spaceborne remote sensing of ice freeboard offers a good method of retrieving ice thickness in the polar oceans. However, its accuracy is highly limited by the factors altering the hydrostatic equilibrium of ice floes, such as snow cover and melt ponds which change the surface loading on the ice volume. In contrast to the abundant studies on snow loads, little attention has been paid to the role of melt ponds, partly owing to the difficulties of freeboard measurements during the melt season. To help fill this gap and provide a basis for possible instruments and algorithms being able to access ice freeboard with melting surface in future, a theoretical model was developed to investigate the uncertainty in ice thickness retrieval due to surface melting. First, the ice thickness was related to the freeboard, snow depth, melt pond size and densities of snow, ice and water, and then a sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the influence of melt pond morphology. The results show that melting ice has a much lower mean thickness than ice without a melting surface, although with the same freeboard because of a loss of floe weight due to melting. During pond evolution, a floe gains weight when ponds deepen on the vertical scale, but loses weight when they widen on the horizontal scale, resulting in increasing mean ice thickness with decreasing pond depth and fraction. Freeboard is found to be the major source of uncertainty in the retrieved thickness of first-year ice (FYI), while it is ice density in the case of multi-year ice (MYI). The ratio of ice draft to freeboard ranges from 3.0 to 6.2 for FYI and 2.0 to 4.1 for MYI, agreeing with field observations during melting seasons.
The financing of insurance companies in recent years
Authors: Caruana de las Cagigas Leonardo 
Published: March 2014

Comment a évolué l’activité financière des compagnies d’assurances au cours des trente dernières années ? Elle s’est beaucoup développée, mais la croissance et l’extension du marché financier ont rendu le secteur plus important, plus diversifié et plus complexe, ce qui a amené des niveaux de risque plus élevés. De nouveaux produits comme les produits dérivés et la titrisation ont alimenté la croissance du secteur sur une longue période et ils ont été une des causes principales de la crise financière de 2008, au cours de laquelle des millions de dollars ont été perdus. Avant la crise, la performance de l’assurance prudentielle a changé en 2005, car de grandes catastrophes naturelles se sont produites, en particulier l’ouragan Katrina. Une conséquence a été l’augmentation des investissements dans les produits dérivés et dans la titrisation. Néanmoins les pertes subies par les compagnies d’assurances ont été inférieures à celles endurées par les banques.
De l'interprétation des textes à l'énonciation de la loi
Authors: Bruel Alain 
Published: March 2014

L’exercice de la fonction de juger est une activité complexe qui ne se limite pas à l’application du droit et à l’interprétation des textes en fonction de la progression des savoirs. Il comporte aussi des actes d’énonciation : nomination et qualification des faits, justification de la décision. Sur quelles bases s’appuie le juge pour étayer la manière personnelle dont il applique le droit ? L’auteur se réfère à une perception intuitive du respect des personnes, perspective qui, en assistance éducative, permet de parvenir à une cohérence qui ne se retrouve malheureusement pas dans l’application de la loi pénale. Ainsi la justice des mineurs, opérant, à partir de sa place symbolique, la séparation que permet le langage, contribue à l’éducation.
La plateforme référentielle
Authors: Demullier Bérénice , Straub Dominique , Massoubre Catherine 
Published: March 2014

En application de la loi du 17 Juin 1998, les dispositifs de soins ambulatoires aux Auteurs d’Infraction à Caractère Sexuel (AICS) s’affinent. Ils s’appuient sur le cadre légal de l’injonction de soins et confie au médecin coordonnateur la mission d’évaluer la qualité du travail thérapeutique réalisé par le patient probationnaire. En Rhône-Alpes, les plateformes référentielles (PFR) ont été créées au sein de CMP volontaires à la suite du plan de prévention de la récidive de 2009. En lien avec le CRIAVS (Centre Ressource pour les Intervenants auprès des Auteurs de Violence Sexuelle), elles répondent à quatre missions : accueillir, évaluer, orienter et éventuellement soigner. L’expérience de la PFR roannaise aborde la question de l’aspect qualitatif des soins et de l’évaluation du risque de récidive, sans réduire la personne aux actes qu’elle a commis.
Cationic Ring Opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam by a Montmorillonite Clay Catalyst
Authors: Kherroub Djamal Eddine , Belbachir Mohammed , Lamouri Saad 
Published: March 2014

The ring opening bulk polymerization of ε-caprolactam catalyzed by Maghnite-H+ was reported. Maghnite-H+ is a montmorillonite silicate sheet clay was prepared through a straight forward proton exchange process. The effect of the amount of catalyst, and temperature was studied. Increasing Maghnite-H+ proportion and temperature produced the increase in ε-caprolactam conversion. The kinetics indicated that the polymerization rate is first order with respect to monomer concentration. Mechanism studies showed that monomer inserted into the growing chains with the acyl–oxygen bond scission rather than the break of alkyl–oxygen bond. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Variation of the lunar highland surface roughness at baseline 0.15–100 km and the relationship to relative age
Authors: Yokota Y. , Gwinner K. , Oberst J. , Haruyama J. , Matsunaga T. , Morota T. , Noda H. , Araki H. , Ohtake M. , Yamamoto S. , Gläser P. , Ishihara Y. , Honda C. , Hirata N. , Demura H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report the surface roughness analysis of the lunar highlands for the baseline range 0.15–100 km. We use the Median Differential Slope αm to investigate the scale dependency of the roughness and derive the global αm distribution from SELENE Laser Altimeter and Terrain Camera data. While αm(l) versus baseline l (km) plots vary among different highland types, all highlands commonly show a peak at 3–30 km. The Pre‐Nectarian surface shows a relatively large αm(20–30 km). Our analysis is supported by the simulation of synthetic surface cratering models and crater statistics. In our simulation, a peak of αm(30 km) is successfully reproduced. The actual crater density shows good correlation with an empirical roughness indicator. However, a large part of the Nectarian surface shows a peak at 6–9 km baseline. This peak may be caused by secondary craters and ejecta deposit textures from the Nectarian system basins.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Olefination of Picolinamides: Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Alkenylpicolinamides
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Bo , Qian Zhen‐Chao , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed selective olefination of picolinamide derivatives has been developed. The reaction shows high regioselectivity, low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%), high yield and good functional group tolerance, providing a convenient strategy for the synthesis of 3‐alkenylpicolinamides.magnified image
Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Half‐Sandwich Manganese(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Zheng Jianxia , Elangovan Saravanakumar , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Brousses Rémy , César Vincent , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEasily available manganese(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, Cp(CO)2Mn(NHC), obtained in one step from industrially produced cymantrene, were evaluated as pre‐catalysts in the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds under UV irradiation. Complexes with NHC ligands incorporating at least one mesityl group led to the most active and selective catalytic systems. A variety of aldehydes (13 examples) and ketones (11 examples) were efficiently reduced under mild conditions [Cp(CO)2Mn(IMes) (1 mol%), Ph2SiH2 (1.5 equiv.), hν (350 nm), toluene, 25 °C, 1–24 h] with good functional group tolerance.magnified image
A General Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylstyrenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings with 1,1,1‐Trifluoroacetone Tosylhydrazone
Authors: Jiménez‐Aquino Agustín , Vega Juan A. , Trabanco Andrés A. , Valdés Carlos 
Published: March 2014

Abstract1,1,1‐Trifluoroacetone tosylhydrazone is presented as a very convenient substrate for the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with aryl halides. Under the proper reaction conditions, 3,3,3‐trifluoromethylstyrenes – very valuable trifluoromethylated synthetic intermediates – are obtained with high yields. The reaction features a very wide scope, as the presence of most functional groups is tolerated. Moreover, the reaction has been extended to substituted trifluoromethylstyrenes by employing substituted tosylhydrazones derived from other trifluoromethyl ketones.magnified image
A Synthetic Route to Human Insulin Using Isoacyl Peptides
Authors: Liu Fa , Luo Ethan Y. , Flora David B. , Mezo Adam R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of insulin has been a longstanding challenge, mainly because of the notorious hydrophobicity of the A chain and the complicated topology of this 51‐mer peptide hormone consisting of two chains and three disulfide bonds. Reported herein is a new synthetic route utilizing the isoacyl peptide approach to address the hydrophobicity problems. The incorporation of isoacyl dipeptide segments into both A and B chains greatly improved their preparation and purification, and the RP‐HPLC recovery of the chain ligation intermediates. The new route affords human insulin with a yield of 68 % based on the starting purified A chain and an overall yield of 24 % based on the substitution of the resin used for the preparation of A chain. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the most efficient route of human insulin chemical synthesis reported to date.
The Potent Oxidant Anticancer Activity of Organoiridium Catalysts
Authors: Liu Zhe , Romero‐Canelón Isolda , Qamar Bushra , Hearn Jessica M. , Habtemariam Abraha , Barry Nicolas P. E. , Pizarro Ana M. , Clarkson Guy J. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlatinum complexes are the most widely used anticancer drugs; however, new generations of agents are needed. The organoiridium(III) complex [(η5‐Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(Cl)] (1‐Cl), which contains π‐bonded biphenyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cpxbiph) and C^N‐chelated phenylpyridine (phpy) ligands, undergoes rapid hydrolysis of the chlorido ligand. In contrast, the pyridine complex [(η5‐Cpxbiph)Ir(phpy)(py)]+ (1‐py) aquates slowly, and is more potent (in nanomolar amounts) than both 1‐Cl and cisplatin towards a wide range of cancer cells. The pyridine ligand protects 1‐py from rapid reaction with intracellular glutathione. The high potency of 1‐py correlates with its ability to increase substantially the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. The unprecedented ability of these iridium complexes to generate H2O2 by catalytic hydride transfer from the coenzyme NADH to oxygen is demonstrated. Such organoiridium complexes are promising as a new generation of anticancer drugs for effective oxidant therapy.
Molecular CuII‐O‐CuII Complexes: Still Waters Run Deep
Authors: Haack Peter , Limberg Christian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractResearch on O2 activation at ligated CuI is fueled by its biological relevance and the quest for efficient oxidation catalysts. A rarely observed reaction is the formation of a CuII‐O‐CuII species, which is more special than it appears at first sight: a single oxo ligand between two CuII centers experiences considerable electron density, and this makes the corresponding complexes reactive and difficult to access. Hence, only a small number of these compounds have been synthesized and characterized unequivocally to date, and as biological relevance was not apparent, they remained unappreciated. However, recently they moved into the spotlight, when CuII‐O‐CuII cores were proposed as the active species in the challenging oxidation of methane to methanol at the surface of a Cu‐grafted zeolite and in the active center of the copper enzyme particulate methane monooxygenase. This Minireview provides an overview of these systems with a special focus on their reactivity and spectroscopic features.
Syntheses and Structures of Terminal Arylalumylene Complexes
Authors: Nagata Koichi , Agou Tomohiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTerminal arylalumylene complexes of platinum [Ar‐Al‐Pt(PCy3)2] (Ar=2,6‐[CH(SiMe3)2]2C6H3 (Bbp) or 2,6‐[CH(SiMe3)2]2‐4‐(tBu)C6H2 (Tbb)) have been synthesized either by the reaction of a dialumene–benzene adduct with [Pt(PCy3)2], or by the reduction of 1,2‐dibromodialumanes Ar(Br)Al‐Al(Br)Ar in the presence of [Pt(PCy3)2]. X‐Ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the AlPt bond lengths of these arylalumylene complexes are shorter than the previously reported shortest AlPt distance. DFT calculations suggest that the AlPt bonds in the arylalumylene complexes have a significantly high electrostatic character.
Highly efficient in situ toughening of epoxy thermosets with reactive hyperbranched polyurethane
Authors: Tang Bing , Liu Xiaobing , Zhao Xiuli , Zhang Junhua 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTHyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU), with low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene glycol space segments between the branching points, was synthesized by a pseudo one‐pot procedure. HBPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The HBPU was used as a modifier of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/anhydride system. The rheological properties of HBPU‐G3/DGEBA blends were investigated by rotational rheometer. A slight decrease in viscosity of modified blends was observed by adding low content of HBPU and there was chemical reaction between HBPU and epoxy resin even without a hardener. The mechanical and thermal properties of the HBPU‐G3/DGEBA thermosets were characterized and compared with that of the neat epoxy thermosets. Their impact fracture surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the results indicated that no phase separation occurred in the DGEBA/anhydride system after the introduction of HBPU, which was confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. After addition of 10 wt % HBPU, the toughness of the modified thermosets was found to be significantly improved without sacrificing their processability and thermal and mechanical properties to a large extent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40614.
Effect of Oral Glucosamine on Joint Structure in Individuals With Chronic Knee Pain: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kwoh C. Kent , Roemer Frank W. , Hannon Michael J. , Moore Carolyn E. , Jakicic John M. , Guermazi Ali , Green Stephanie M. , Evans Rhobert W. , Boudreau Robert 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the short‐term efficacy of oral glucosamine supplementation by evaluating structural lesions in the knee joints, as assessed using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Recruitment was performed via mass mailings and an arthritis registry in southwestern Pennsylvania. In total, 201 participants with mild‐to‐moderate pain in one or both knees, as defined by a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score ≥25 and ≤100, were enrolled. Of these subjects, 69.2% had a Kellgren/Lawrence grade ≥2 in at least 1 knee. Participants received 24 weeks of treatment with 1,500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride in beverage form or a placebo beverage. The primary outcome was decreased worsening of cartilage damage on 3T MRI of both knees, assessed according to a validated scoring system, the Whole‐Organ MRI Score (WORMS). Secondary outcomes included change in bone marrow lesion (BML) scores in all knees and change in excretion of urinary C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II).ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of decreased cartilage damage over 24 weeks in any WORMS‐scored subregion of the knee in the glucosamine treatment group compared to the control group was 0.938 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.528, 1.666). Compared to subjects treated with glucosamine, control subjects showed more improvement in BMLs (adjusted OR 0.537, 95% CI 0.291, 0.990) but no difference in worsening BMLs (adjusted OR 0.691, 95% CI 0.410, 1.166) over 24 weeks. There was no indication that treatment with glucosamine decreased the excretion of urinary CTX‐II (β = −0.10, 95% CI −0.21, 0.002).ConclusionThe results of this short‐term study provide no evidence of structural benefits (i.e., improvements in MRI morphologic features or urinary CTX‐II excretion) from glucosamine supplementation in individuals with chronic knee pain.