bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large and Tunable Polar-Toroidal Coupling in Ferroelectric Composite Nanowires toward Superior Electromechanical Responses
Authors: Chen W. J. , Zheng Yue , Wang Biao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe collective dipole behaviors in (BaTiO3)m/(SrTiO3)n composite nanowires are investigated based on the first-principles-derived simulations. It demonstrates that such nanowire systems exhibit intriguing dipole orders, due to the combining effect of the anisotropic electrostatic interaction of the nanowire, the SrTiO3-layer-modified electrostatic interaction and the multiphase ground state of BaTiO3 layer. Particularly, a strong polar-toroidal coupling that is tunable by the SrTiO3-layer thickness, temperature, external strains and electric fields is found to exist in the nanowires, with the appearance of fruitful dipole states (including those being purely polar, purely toroidal, both polar and toroidal, or distorted toroidal) and phase boundaries. As a consequence, an efficient cross control of the toroidal (polar) order by static (curled) electric field and superior piezoelectric and piezotoroidal responses, can be achieved in the nanowires. The result provides new insights into the collective dipole behaviors in nanowire systems.
Novel VN/C nanocomposites as methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Huang K. , Bi K. , Liang C. , Lin S. , Zhang R. , Wang W. J. , Tang H. L. , Lei M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel VN/C nanostructure consisting of VN nanoparticles and graphite-dominant carbon layers is synthesized by nitridation of V2O5using melamine as reductant under inert atmosphere. High crystalline VN nanoparticles are observed to be uniformly distributed in carbon layers with an average size ofca13.45 nm. Moreover, the electrocatalytic performance of VN/C towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolyte is fascinating. The results show that VN/C has a considerable ORR activity, including a 75 percent value of the diffusion-limited current density and a 0.11 V smaller value about the onset potential with respect to Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the excellent methanol-tolerance performance of VN/C has also been verified with 3 M methanol. Combined with the competitive prices, this VN/C nanocomposite can serve as an appropriate non-precious methanol-tolerant ORR catalyst for alkaline fuel cells.
Realization of Multi-Stable Ground States in a Nematic Liquid Crystal by Surface and Electric Field Modification
Authors: Gwag Jin Seog , Kim Young-Ki , Lee Chang Hoon , Kim Jae-Hoon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOwing to the significant price drop of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and the efforts to save natural resources, LCDs are even replacing paper to display static images such as price tags and advertising boards. Because of a growing market demand on such devices, the LCD that can be of numerous surface alignments of directors as its ground state, the so-called multi-stable LCD, comes into the limelight due to the great potential for low power consumption. However, the multi-stable LCD with industrial feasibility has not yet been successfully performed. In this paper, we propose a simple and novel configuration for the multi-stable LCD. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a battery of stable surface alignments can be achieved by the field-induced surface dragging effect on an aligning layer with a weak surface anchoring. The simplicity and stability of the proposed system suggest that it is suitable for the multi-stable LCDs to display static images with low power consumption and thus opens applications in various fields.
dbEMT: an epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated gene resource
Authors: Zhao Min , Kong Lei , Liu Yining , Qu Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs a cellular process that changes epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays important roles in development and cancer metastasis. Recent studies on cancer metastasis have identified many new susceptibility genes that control this transition. However, there is no comprehensive resource for EMT by integrating various genetic studies and the relationship between EMT and the risk of complex diseases such as cancer are still unclear. To investigate the cellular complexity of EMT, we have constructed dbEMT (http://dbemt.bioinfo-minzhao.org/), the first literature-based gene resource for exploring EMT-related human genes. We manually curated 377 experimentally verified genes from literature. Functional analyses highlighted the prominent role of proteoglycans in tumor metastatic cascades. In addition, the disease enrichment analysis provides a clue for the potential transformation in affected tissues or cells in Alzheimer’s disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Moreover, the global mutation pattern of EMT-related genes across multiple cancers may reveal common cancer metastasis mechanisms. Our further reconstruction of the EMT-related protein-protein interaction network uncovered a highly modular structure. These results illustrate the importance of dbEMT to our understanding of cell development and cancer metastasis and also highlight the utility of dbEMT for elucidating the functions of EMT-related genes.
Origin of photovoltaic effect in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.96 ceramics
Authors: Yang F. , Han M. Y. , Chang F. G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report remarkable photovoltaic effect in YBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) ceramic between 50 and 300 K induced by blue-laser illumination, which is directly related to the superconductivity of YBCO and the YBCO-metallic electrode interface. There is a polarity reversal for the open circuit voltage Voc and short circuit current Isc when YBCO undergoes a transition from superconducting to resistive state. We show that there exists an electrical potential across the superconductor-normal metal interface, which provides the separation force for the photo-induced electron-hole pairs. This interface potential directs from YBCO to the metal electrode when YBCO is superconducting and switches to the opposite direction when YBCO becomes nonsuperconducting. The origin of the potential may be readily associated with the proximity effect at metal-superconductor interface when YBCO is superconducting and its value is estimated to be ~10–8 mV at 50 K with a laser intensity of 502 mW/cm2. Combination of a p-type material YBCO at normal state with an n-type material Ag-paste forms a quasi-pn junction which is responsible for the photovoltaic behavior of YBCO ceramics at high temperatures. Our findings may pave the way to new applications of photon-electronic devices and shed further light on the proximity effect at the superconductor-metal interface.
Divergence of dim-light vision among bats (order: Chiroptera) as estimated by molecular and electrophysiological methods
Authors: Liu He-Qun , Wei Jing-Kuan , Li Bo , Wang Ming-Shan , Wu Rui-Qi , Rizak Joshua D. , Zhong Li , Wang Lu , Xu Fu-Qiang , Shen Yong-Yi , Hu Xin-Tian , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDim-light vision is present in all bats, but is divergent among species. Old-World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) have fully developed eyes; the eyes of insectivorous bats are generally degraded and these bats rely on well-developed echolocation. An exception is the Emballonuridae, which are capable of laryngeal echolocation but prefer to use vision for navigation and have normal eyes. In this study, integrated methods, comprising manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), f-VEP and RNA-seq, were utilized to verify the divergence. The results of MEMRI showed that Pteropodidae bats have a much larger superior colliculus (SC)/ inferior colliculus (IC) volume ratio (3:1) than insectivorous bats (1:7). Furthermore, the absolute visual thresholds (log cd/m2•s) of Pteropodidae (−6.30 and −6.37) and Emballonuridae (−3.71) bats were lower than those of other insectivorous bats (−1.90). Finally, genes related to the visual pathway showed signs of positive selection, convergent evolution, upregulation and similar gene expression patterns in Pteropodidae and Emballonuridae bats. Different results imply that Pteropodidae and Emballonuridae bats have more developed vision than the insectivorous bats and suggest that further research on bat behavior is warranted.
Genome-wide Association Study on Platinum-induced Hepatotoxicity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Cao Songyu , Wang Cheng , Ma Hongxia , Yin Rong , Zhu Meng , Shen Wei , Dai Juncheng , Shu Yongqian , Xu Lin , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlatinum-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve the survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; the platinum-induced toxicity severely impedes the success of chemotherapy. Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may contribute to patients’ responses to the platinum-based chemotherapy. To identify SNPs that modify the risk of hepatotoxicity in NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, we performed a genome-wide association scan in 334 subjects followed by a replication study among 375 subjects. Consistent associations with platinum-induced hepatotoxicity risk was identified for SNP rs2838566 located at 21q22.3, as the minor A allele could significantly increase the risk of liver injury (OR = 3.78, 95%CI = 1.99–7.19,P = 4.90 × 10−5for GWAS scan, OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.03–3.46,P = 0.039 for replication and OR = 2.56, 95%CI = 1.65–3.95,P = 2.55 × 10−5for pooled population). These results suggested that genetic variants at 21q22.3 may contribute to the susceptibility of platinum-induced hepatotoxicity in NSCLC patients.
Network-based survival-associated module biomarker and its crosstalk with cell death genes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Jin Nana , Wu Hao , Miao Zhengqiang , Huang Yan , Hu Yongfei , Bi Xiaoman , Wu Deng , Qian Kun , Wang Liqiang , Wang Changliang , Wang Hongwei , Li Kongning , Li Xia , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOvarian cancer remains a dismal disease with diagnosing in the late, metastatic stages, therefore, there is a growing realization of the critical need to develop effective biomarkers for understanding underlying mechanisms. Although existing evidences demonstrate the important role of the single genetic abnormality in pathogenesis, the perturbations of interactors in the complex network are often ignored. Moreover, ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment still exist a large gap that need to be bridged. In this work, we adopted a network-based survival-associated approach to capture a 12-gene network module based on differential co-expression PPI network in the advanced-stage, high-grade ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Then, regulatory genes (protein-coding genes and non-coding genes) direct interacting with the module were found to be significantly overlapped with cell death genes. More importantly, these overlapping genes tightly clustered together pointing to the module, deciphering the crosstalk between network-based survival-associated module and cell death in ovarian cancer.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the wear behaviour of human tooth enamel
Authors: Qing Ping , Huang Shengbin , Gao ShanShan , Qian LinMao , Yu HaiYang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRadiotherapy is a frequently used treatment for oral cancer. Extensive research has been conducted to detect the mechanical properties of dental hard tissues after irradiation at the macroscale. However, little is known about the influence of irradiation on the tribological properties of enamel at the micro- or nanoscale. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the wear behaviour of human tooth enamel in relation to prism orientation. Nanoscratch tests, surface profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used to evaluate the friction behaviour of enamel slabs before and after treatment with identical irradiation procedures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to analyse the changes in crystallography and chemical composition induced by irradiation. Surface microhardness (SMH) alteration was also evaluated. The results showed that irradiation resulted in different scratch morphologies, friction coefficients and remnant depth and width at different loads. An inferior nanoscratch resistance was observed independent of prism orientation. Moreover, the variation of wear behaviours was closely related to changes in the crystallography, chemical composition and SMH of the enamel. Together, these measures indicated that irradiation had a direct deleterious effect on the wear behaviour of human tooth enamel.
Multivariate genetic determinants of EEG oscillations in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder from the BSNIP study
Authors: Narayanan B , Soh P , Calhoun V D , Ruaño G , Kocherla M , Windemuth A , Clementz B A , Tamminga C A , Sweeney J A , Keshavan M S , Pearlson G D 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP) are disabling psychiatric illnesses with complex and unclear etiologies. Electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory abnormalities in SZ and PBP probands are heritable and expressed in their relatives, but the neurobiology and genetic factors mediating these abnormalities in the psychosis dimension of either disorder are less explored. We examined the polygenic architecture of eyes-open resting state EEG frequency activity (intrinsic frequency) from 64 channels in 105 SZ, 145 PBP probands and 56 healthy controls (HCs) from the multisite BSNIP (Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes) study. One million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were derived from DNA. We assessed eight data-driven EEG frequency activity derived from group-independent component analysis (ICA) in conjunction with a reduced subset of 10 422 SNPs through novel multivariate association using parallel ICA (para-ICA). Genes contributing to the association were examined collectively using pathway analysis tools. Para-ICA extracted five frequency and nine SNP components, of which theta and delta activities were significantly correlated with two different gene components, comprising genes participating extensively in brain development, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Delta and theta abnormality was present in both SZ and PBP, while theta differed between the two disorders. Theta abnormalities were also mediated by gene clusters involved in glutamic acid pathways, cadherin and synaptic contact-based cell adhesion processes. Our data suggest plausible multifactorial genetic networks, including novel and several previously identified (DISC1) candidate risk genes, mediating low frequency delta and theta abnormalities in psychoses. The gene clusters were enriched for biological properties affecting neural circuitry and involved in brain function and/or development.
Developmental changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bollmann S , Ghisleni C , Poil S-S , Martin E , Ball J , Eich-Höchli D , Edden R A E , Klaver P , Michels L , Brandeis D , O'Gorman R L 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile the neurobiological basis and developmental course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not yet been fully established, an imbalance between inhibitory/excitatory neurotransmitters is thought to have an important role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study examined the changes in cerebral levels of GABA+, glutamate and glutamine in children and adults with ADHD using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We studied 89 participants (16 children with ADHD, 19 control children, 16 adults with ADHD and 38 control adults) in a subcortical voxel (children and adults) and a frontal voxel (adults only). ADHD adults showed increased GABA+ levels relative to controls (P=0.048), while ADHD children showed no difference in GABA+ in the subcortical voxel (P>0.1), resulting in a significant age by disorder interaction (P=0.026). Co-varying for age in an analysis of covariance model resulted in a nonsignificant age by disorder interaction (P=0.06). Glutamine levels were increased in children with ADHD (P=0.041), but there was no significant difference in adults (P>0.1). Glutamate showed no difference between controls and ADHD patients but demonstrated a strong effect of age across both groups (P<0.001). In conclusion, patients with ADHD show altered levels of GABA+ in a subcortical voxel which change with development. Further, we found increased glutamine levels in children with ADHD, but this difference normalized in adults. These observed imbalances in neurotransmitter levels are associated with ADHD symptomatology and lend new insight in the developmental trajectory and pathophysiology of ADHD.
The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 represses endogenous and exogenous retroviruses in B lymphocytes
Authors: Collins Patrick L. , Kyle Katherine E. , Egawa Takeshi , Shinkai Yoichi , Oltz Eugene M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Mammalian genomes are replete with silent endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Inappropriate ERV activation in dividing cells is particularly dangerous because it can produce oncogenic mutations via new ERV insertions. Here, we show that endogenous and exogenous retroviruses are repressed in B lymphocytes from adult mice by methylation of histones that package viral DNA into repressive chromatin. These findings contrast with current models, which posit that histone methylation is dispensable for ERV repression in postembryonic tissues. We also show that ERV activation upon loss of histone methylation relies on specific sets of transcription factors in a given cell type. Our findings uncover new mechanisms of genome stability and viral repression in mammalian cells of adult origin.
Adolescent impatience decreases with increased frontostriatal connectivity
Authors: van den Bos Wouter , Rodriguez Christian A. , Schweitzer Julie B. , McClure Samuel M. 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceCompared with children and adults, teens and young adults often exhibit greater impulsivity and corresponding increases in emergency room visits, accidents from drug or alcohol use, and increased mortality risk. However, it remains poorly understood how increased impulsivity during adolescence may be explained in terms of brain and cognitive development. We focused on impatience, a central component of impulsiveness. We relate impatient behavior on a decision-making task to changes in connectivity within the brain’s frontostriatal circuitry. Our results suggest that relative future orientation, not sensitivity to immediate rewards, determines adolescent impatience. These findings may help to design interventions to prevent the detrimental effects of adolescent impulsiveness and serve as a template for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
Cellular immune correlates analysis of an HIV-1 preexposure prophylaxis trial
Authors: Kuebler Peter J. , Mehrotra Megha L. , McConnell J. Jeff , Holditch Sara J. , Shaw Brian I. , Tarosso Leandro F. , Leadabrand Kaitlyn S. , Milush Jeffrey M. , York Vanessa A. , Raposo Rui André Saraiva , Cheng Rex G. , Eriksson Emily M. , McMahan Vanessa , Glidden David V. , Shiboski Stephen , Grant Robert M. , Nixon Douglas F. , Kallás Esper G. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The demonstration and clinical relevance of HIV-1–specific immune responses in exposed but uninfected seronegative individuals have been controversial. Studies seeking to detect these responses have generally been small in size and have varied in study population, methods of detection, and control groups. We conducted a large case–control immunology study of participants in the Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEx) chemoprophylaxis trial, selecting preinfection time points for those who became infected compared with persistently HIV-1–negative controls. We confirmed that HIV-1–specific responses are present in exposed uninfected individuals, sometimes at very high magnitude. HIV-1–specific responses also correlated with infection risk.
Synaptic clusters function as odor operators in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Migliore Michele , Cavarretta Francesco , Marasco Addolorata , Tulumello Eleonora , Hines Michael L. , Shepherd Gordon M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
How the olfactory bulb organizes and processes odor inputs through fundamental operations of its microcircuits is still controversial. To reveal these operations we hypothesize that one of the key mechanisms underlying odor coding is the interaction among spatially restricted and well-defined clusters of potentiated mitral–granule cell synapses. These experimentally observed clusters selectively gate the propagation of neuronal activity within the olfactory bulb and extensively contribute to sculpting the mitral cell output to the cortex. We show and discuss how their interaction and computational roles can be described by a theoretical framework that can be used to derive, analyze, and predict the olfactory bulb network operations on an odor input.
Discovery of an intrinsic tenase complex inhibitor: Pure nonasaccharide from fucosylated glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Zhao Longyan , Wu Mingyi , Xiao Chuang , Yang Lian , Zhou Lutan , Gao Na , Li Zi , Chen Jun , Chen Jianchao , Liu Jikai , Qin Hongbo , Zhao Jinhua 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Selective inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway is a promising strategy for developing safer anticoagulants without serious bleeding consequences. We prepared and identified a series of oligosaccharides as inhibitors of the intrinsic tenase, which is the final and rate-limiting enzyme complex in the intrinsic coagulation pathway and is an attractive but less explored target for anticoagulants due to the lack of a pure selective inhibitor. Analysis of these purified oligosaccharides reveals the precise structure of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan. Among these oligosaccharides, nonasaccharide is the minimum fragment that retains potent anticoagulant activity by selective inhibition of the intrinsic tenase while avoiding adverse effects and, thus, it may pave the way for the development of better treatments for thromboembolic diseases.
DNA damage during the G0/G1 phase triggers RNA-templated, Cockayne syndrome B-dependent homologous recombination
Authors: Wei Leizhen , Nakajima Satoshi , Böhm Stefanie , Bernstein Kara A. , Shen Zhiyuan , Tsang Michael , Levine Arthur S. , Lan Li 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Unrepaired DNA strand breaks at transcriptionally active sites are expected to be more deleterious than elsewhere in the genome because the integrity of the coding regions is likely to be compromised. The commonly recognized homologous recombination (HR) process occurs in the G2/M phase and depends on the presence of sister chromatids as a donor template. Our data demonstrate a Cockayne syndrome protein B- and RNA-dependent mechanism of transcription-associated HR in the G0/G1 phase and offer insight into double strand break repair at sites of active transcription. The data suggest that a deficiency in this repair mechanism might explain why neurodegeneration as well as tumorigenesis may be associated with seemingly stable, terminally differentiated (G0) cell populations.