bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of formulas for estimating glomerular filtration rate in Indigenous Australians with and without Type 2 diabetes: the eGFR Study
Authors: Maple‐Brown L. J. , Ekinci E. I. , Hughes J. T. , Chatfield M. , Lawton P. D. , Jones G. R. D. , Ellis A. G. , Sinha A. , Cass A. , Hoy W. E. , O'Dea K. , Jerums G. , MacIsaac R. J. ,   investigators of the eGFR Study
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsIt has been proposed that the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula estimates glomerular filtration rate more accurately than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. With the very high incidence of diabetes and end‐stage kidney disease in Indigenous Australians, accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate is vital in early detection of kidney disease. We aimed to assess the performance of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft–Gault formulas in Indigenous Australians with and without diabetes.MethodsIndigenous Australians with (n = 224) or without (n = 340) Type 2 diabetes had a reference glomerular filtration rate measure using plasma disappearance of iohexol (measured glomerular filtration rate) over 4 h. Serum creatinine was measured by an enzymatic method. Performance was assessed by bias (measured glomerular filtration rate – estimated glomerular filtration rate) and accuracy (percentage of estimated glomerular filtration rate within 30% of measured glomerular filtration rate).ResultsThe median measured glomerular filtration rate (interquartile range) in participants with or without diabetes was 97 (68–119) and 108 (90–122) ml min−1 1.73 m−2, respectively. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula had smaller bias and greater accuracy than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft–Gault formulas overall, for participants both with and without diabetes. However, for estimated glomerular filtration rate > 90 ml min−1 1.73 m−2, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula had greater bias in participants with diabetes, underestimating measured glomerular filtration rate by 7.4 vs. 1.0 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 in those without diabetes. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula was less accurate across the whole range of estimated glomerular filtration rates in participants with vs. those without diabetes (87.1% vs. 93.3%).ConclusionsThe Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula outperforms the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft–Gault formulas overall in Indigenous Australians with and without diabetes. However, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula has greater bias in people with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, especially in those with normal renal function.
Resident spiders as predators of the recently introduced light brown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana
Authors: Hogg Brian N. , Wang Xin‐Geng , Mills Nicholas J. , Daane Kent M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe invasive light brown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana(Walker) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), has not reached damaging levels on crops inCalifornia (USA), suggesting that its populations and impact are limited by generalist natural enemies. In a series of laboratory experiments, we examined resident spiders as predators ofE. postvittanalarvae on two host plants, the ornamentalAustralian tea tree,Leptospermum laevigatum(Gaertn.)F.Muell (Myrtaceae), and the weedFrench broom,Genista monspessulana(L.) L.A.S.Johnson (Fabaceae). Of three abundant spider species inAustralian tea tree, two hunting spiders measurably reduced the numbers ofE. postvittanalarvae and plant damage, whereas a web‐weaving spider had no detectable impact. The adult stage of the dominant hunting spiderAnyphaena apertaBanks (Anyphaenidae) consumedE. postvittanalarvae, but neither large nor small juveniles had statistically detectable effects on numbers of larvae. However, plant damage was reduced in the presence of large juvenileA. aperta, suggesting thatA. apertamay also have non‐consumptive effects on the feeding behavior ofE. postvittanalarvae.Anyphaena apertaconsumed larvae only when larval densities exceeded a low threshold in a functional response experiment, leading to a typeIIIfunctional response. AdultA. apertashowed no preference for differentE. postvittanainstars, whereasCheiracanthium mildeiL.Koch (Miturgidae), an abundant hunting spider onFrench broom, showed a partial preference for late‐instar larvae. The generalist feeding habits of the spiders may have precluded strong prey preferences. Results show that hunting spiders may help limitE. postvittanapopulations inCalifornia, and that they may in turn reduce the impact ofE. postvittanaon its host plants.
Divergent mechanisms for water conservation inDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Kalra Bhawna , Parkash Ravi , Aggarwal Dau Dayal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe role of melanization and cuticular lipids in water conservation has been studied in manyDrosophilaspecies (Diptera:Drosophilidae). Nevertheless, a comparative approach to larval and adult stages of ecologically diverse, wildDrosophilaspecies is still required. Based upon abdominal cuticular melanization patterns, wild‐caughtDrosophilaspecies were categorized as (1) melanic, (2) fixed‐melanic, or (3) non‐melanic. At the interspecific level, the ecological significance of melanization and cuticular lipids was determined by the inverse association of melanization and cuticular water loss in melanic species, and of cuticular lipids and cuticular water loss in fixed‐melanic and non‐melanic species. Interestingly, higher amounts of cuticular lipids were also evident in fixed as well as non‐melanic species, as compared to melanic species at larval stages, which is consistent with their differences in reduced water loss rates. Moreover, fixed‐melanic and non‐melanic species exhibited comparatively higher (ca. 1.8–2.0 fold) desiccation resistance. Thus, cuticular lipids provide a better waterproofing mechanism than melanization. Furthermore, acclimation to dehydration stress in adults improved desiccation resistance in melanic species, whereas such effects were lacking in fixed‐melanic and non‐melanic species. However, there were no changes in cuticular components as a consequence of desiccation acclimation. Thus, our results indicate that melanic, fixed‐melanic, and non‐melanicDrosophilaspecies differ in the evolved physiological mechanisms of water conservation to adapt to dry conditions.
Raspberry viruses affect the behavior and performance of Amphorophora agathonica in single and mixed infections
Authors: Lightle Danielle , Lee Jana 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPathogens may alter their hosts, which consequently increases transmission efficiency by vectors. We examined the effects of Raspberry leaf mottle virus [RLMV; Closterovirus (Closteroviridae)] and Raspberry latent virus [RpLV; Reovirus (Reoviridae)], alone and in a co‐infection in raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae) cv. Meeker, on the behavior and performance of its vector, Amphorophora agathonica Hottes (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Longevity was increased in aphids feeding on all infected‐plant treatments compared with healthy plants, but aphid fecundity only increased in the co‐infection treatment. In a two‐way choice study between infected and healthy plants, aphids showed no difference in preference between plants after 30 min of exposure. After 24 h, aphids significantly preferred to settle on plants infected with RLMV over healthy, but healthy plants over plants infected with RpLV. There were no differences in settling preferences between healthy and co‐infected plants. An electrical penetration graph study showed no differences in aphid feeding behavior on plants infected with RLMV and RLMV+RpLV when compared with healthy controls. Our results are consistent with past findings that infected plant's impact vector performance and behavior, but also highlight the need to further investigate greater virus diversity and effects of mixed infections.
Evaluation of the oral health status in Chinese hemodialysis patients
Authors: Xie Tian , Yang Ziliang , Dai Guanyu , Yan Kaixiao , Tian Yuan , Zhao Dan , Zou Huawei , Deng Fei , Chen Xiaolei , Yuan Quan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChronic kidney disease has become a worldwide public health problem, and it negatively affects oral health. However, the data of the hemodialysis (HD) patients in Chinese population is unknown. This study was aimed to evaluate the dental health status and oral hygiene behavior of the HD patients in China. Patients undergoing HD therapy at two hospitals were asked to finish a questionnaire and receive dental examination (DMF‐T). A total of 306 patients, aged 24–88 (58.09 ± 14.06), took part in this study. Although majority of the patients (77.78%) brushed their teeth at least twice a day, few (less than 5%) had ever used dental floss or mouthwash. More than half of the patients have not visited a dentist since the commencement of HD therapy. The dental examination showed that DMF‐T was 9.63 ± 7.54, and the number of filled teeth (F‐T) was only 0.70 ± 1.48. Moreover, the average caries restoration ratio and replacement index were 17.57% and 32.59%, respectively. HD therapy seems to prevent patients from visiting a dentist, and there is a great need for dental treatment for Chinese HD patients.
Expression and clinical implications ofHAb18G/CD147 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Li Yanhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Xuxia , Gong Li , Han Xiujuan , Yao Li , Lan Miao , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2014

AimHAb18G/CD147 is an important factor in invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical implications ofHAb18G/CD147 expression inHCCare still unclear. In this study, we clarify the clinical significance ofHAb18G/CD147. We characterize the association betweenHAb18G/CD147 expression and presentation of fibrosis or chronic hepatitisB, as well as its effect onHCCdevelopment.MethodsThe expression ofHAb18G/CD147 in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Tumor tissues were obtained fromHCCpatients who underwent surgical resection between 2002 and 2006. All patients who had received previous therapy were excluded.HCCtissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti‐HAb18G/CD147.ResultsHAb18G/CD147 was widely expressed inHep‐G2,SMCC‐7721 andBEL7402 cell lines, but not expressed inL‐02, a human normal hepatic cell line.HAb18G/CD147 was mainly localized to the membrane of tumor cells in 74.0% (37/50)HCCpatients. We found that higherHAb18G/CD147 expression and poor tumor differentiation were correlated with patient survival (P = 0.026 andP = 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, the distribution ofHAb18G/CD147 was similar to that of hepatitisBvirus (HBV) infection, but negatively related to hepatic cirrhosis.ConclusionHAb18G/CD147 has shown its potentials inHCCdevelopment and patient survival. Moreover, it may also cooperate with chronicHBVinfection and cirrhosis duringHCCdevelopment. Its functions in the two factors may be different. Therefore,HAb18G/CD147 may be a marker for poor prognosis inHCCpatients and could be a useful therapeutic target for interfering with or reversingHCCprogression.
Statin Treatment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Al-Khaled Mohamed , Matthis Christine , Eggers Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

Background and purpose We aimed to investigate the association of statin treatment with outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Over a 4.5-year period (starting November 2007), 12 781 patients (mean age, 72·8 ± 12·6 years; 48·6% women) with acute ischemic stroke from 15 hospitals in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were enrolled in a population-based study and prospectively evaluated. The primary outcomes were the mortality during hospitalization and the disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2) at discharge from hospital. The secondary outcomes were the mortality and disability at three-months after discharge. Results A total of 7535 patients (59%) with acute ischemic stroke were treated with statins. During hospitalization (mean, nine-days), the in-hospital mortality rate (4·7%; 95% confidence interval, 4·3–5·1%) was lower in patients treated with statins than in those without statins (2·3% vs. 7·9%, respectively; P < 0·001). At three-months after discharge, the mortality rate (6·9%; 95% confidence interval, 6·4–7·5%) was lower in patients treated with statins than in those without statins (5·0% vs. 10·6%, respectively; P < 0·001). Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that statin treatment was associated with reduced rates of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0·39; 95% confidence interval, 0·31–0·48; P < 0·001) and three-month mortality (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0·34–0·63; P < 0·001). A comparison of the patient groups revealed that patients on statins were likely to have lower disability rates at discharge (59% vs. 67%, respectively; P < 0·001) and after three-months (33% vs. 42%, respectively; P < 0·001) in patients who had survived the stroke. Conclusion Statin treatment may improve the outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.
Are cyclones agents for connectivity between reefs?
Authors: Radford Ben , Babcock Russ , Van Niel Kimberly , Done Terry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimOur aim was to determine whether cyclone‐modified currents and winds can enhance coral larval transport between geographically separate reefs and whether connectivity could occur within the competency period of coral larvae.LocationThe North West Shelf of Australia.MethodsLarval connectivity was modelled between inshore and mid‐shelf reef zones in two years (1996 and 2001) when cyclones occurred around the time of coral spawning. This was contrasted with 2002, when cyclones were absent during the spawning. The effects of current and wind patterns on the dispersal of buoyant coral eggs was simulated usingGCOM3D, a three dimensional hydrodynamic current model, andOILMAP, a surface wind stress model.ResultsModelling showed that larvae could disperse across the North West shelf and well beyond the parent reefs when influenced by cyclone‐modified wind and current patterns. The dispersal of larvae to reefs separated by 100 km is likely to be frequent, to involve a substantial proportion of the larval population (between 63% and 86%), and to occur within 6 days (the competency period of the larvae). Simulating larval behaviour by including a buoyant phase in the larval model, where larvae are subject to surface winds, reduces connection time between reef areas by 11% to 29%.Main conclusionsCyclones have the potential to increase the distance larvae travel and can act to rapidly connect widely separated inshore and mid‐shelf reefs within the competency period of coral larvae. The buoyant phase of the coral larvae, where larvae are subject to propulsion by surface winds and subsurface currents, may enhance rapid connectivity. Our results show that periodic and extreme climatic conditions could significantly impact connectivity. In combination with larval behaviour they have important implications for connectivity time between inshore and mid‐shelf reefs.
Predictors of Outcome After Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Complexes
Authors: BASER KAZIM , BAS HATICE DUYGU , BELARDI DIEGO , YOKOKAWA MIKI , GOOD ERIC , LATCHAMSETTY RAKESH , MORADY FRED , BOGUN FRANK 
Published: March 2014

Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of PVCBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess how well acute procedural outcomes predict the clinical outcome of catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs).MethodsA consecutive series of 50 patients (28 women, age: 51 ± 13 years) with frequent PVCs was referred for PVC ablation. Acute failure was defined as inability to eliminate the predominant PVC or recurrence of the predominant PVC within 12 hours. The PVC burden was reassessed 3 months after the ablation procedure. A successful procedure was defined as reduction of the PVC burden at 3 months by ≥80% of the initial burden.ResultsThe procedure was acutely effective in 37 patients (74%) and at 3 months in 40 patients (80%). The presence or absence of the predominant PVC in the 12 hours postablation had the highest accuracy for outcome at 3 months (accuracy: 90%). From among the 13/50 patients (26%) with evidence of acute failure, 4 had a PVC reduction of ≥80% at 3 months and 10 had a PVC reduction of >50% resulting in symptomatic improvement at 3 months.ConclusionThe presence or absence of the predominant PVC within 12 hours postablation best correlated with the 3‐month‐efficacy data. Recurrence of the predominant PVC shortly after ablation did not indicate a procedural failure and the necessity for a repeat procedure. The majority of these patients had a significant, clinically meaningful reduction in their PVC burden. Acute predictors for procedural outcome at 3 months have a high positive but rather low negative predictive value.
Three cases of pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) treated with intramuscular injection of autologous whole blood
Authors: Jeon I.K. , On H.R. , Oh S.H. , Hann S.K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), also known as polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, is a common and benign but exceedingly uncomfortable dermatosis of pregnancy. Investigation of new treatment options has been limited by patient concerns about the negative fetal effects of medication.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of intramuscular injection of autologous whole blood (AWB) for treatment of PUPPP.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive case series of three patients with PUPPP, all of whom were treated with intramuscular injection of AWB.ResultsAll patients showed good responses to intramuscular injection of AWB, tolerated the treatment, and there were no adverse effects to the patients or their babies.ConclusionAWB may be an alternative treatment option for patients with PUPPP who are worried about the risk of medication use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Whole blood collected from the patient's own body may be preferable to foreign medications. Future investigation into the exact mechanism with controlled clinical studies using a large number of patients will be necessary to provide supporting evidence for this potential treatment.
D‐Optimal Experimental Designs for Uniaxial Expression
Authors: Munson‐McGee Stuart H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractD‐optimal designs are developed for uniaxial expression of oil from seeds, nuts and other materials. Both simply supported pseudo‐exact and pseudo‐continuous designs are determined for three variations on the expression model: instantaneous pressure application, ramped pressure application and sine wave pressure application. The results show that the designs are dependent on the magnitude of the applied pressure and, to a much lesser extent, the rate at which it is applied and the manner in which it is applied. For most cases, the maximum standardized variance for the simply supported pseudo‐exact designs was 1.005 or less. The pseudo‐continuous designs were only significantly better when the maximum standardized variance of the simply supported pseudo‐exact designs was greater than 1.02.Practical ApplicationsThis work presents a series of new experimental designs for the expression modeling process that can aid researchers in developing more efficient designs. The designs developed in this work integrate two separate existing fields of study:D‐optimal design theory and theoretical expression modeling. Furthermore, the results show under what combinations of the model parameters the simply supported, pseudo‐exact designs can be used instead of the more complex pseudo‐continuous designs. For experiments that do not use the model parameters considered herein, the complete development of the numerical approach provides the framework for others to develop the appropriate designs to satisfy their needs.
The Effect of Cognitive Stimulation on Nursing Home Elders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Apóstolo João Luís Alves , Cardoso Daniela Filipa Batista , Rosa Ana Isabel , Paúl Constança 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThis paper describes the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) on cognition and depressive symptoms in older adults in nursing homes (NHs).DesignA randomized controlled trial, carried out from 2012 to 2013, included 56 residents from four NHs, 36 women and 20 men (randomized into experimental and control groups). Eight participants dropped out.MethodsParticipants of the experimental group underwent 14 CST sessions (7 weeks) in groups of six to eight older adults, and participants of the control group received usual care. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, and the Barthel Index of activities of daily living (ADLs) were administered at baseline and postintervention.FindingsRepeated measures revealed that CST increased cognition (F = 8.581; p = .005; partial η squared = 0.157; power = 0.82). There were no statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms (F = 1.090; p = .302). Baseline level of ADLs did not affect the outcomes.ConclusionsCST had significantly improved cognition, explaining the 15.7% variability, but there was no statistical evidence of its effectiveness on depressive symptoms. This improvement was not affected by the baseline level of dependence‐independence in ADLs.Clinical RelevanceCST offers a range of activities, providing general stimulation for thinking, concentration, and memory, usually in a social setting. These results will support implementation of CST in NHs. In addition to the impact on elderly independence and autonomy, CST may also have an economic impact by reducing the direct costs of the impact of elders’ cognitive frailty.
Evaluation of Printed Health Education Materials for Use by Low‐Education Families
Authors: Ryan Lesa , Logsdon M. Cynthia , McGill Sarah , Stikes Reetta , Senior Barbara , Helinger Bridget , Small Beth , Davis Deborah Winders 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeMillions of adults lack adequate reading skills and many written patient education materials do not reflect national guidelines for readability and suitability of materials, resulting in barriers to patients being partners in their own health care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate commonly used printed health materials for readability and suitability for patients with limited general or health literacy skills, while providing easy recommendations to health care providers for how to improve the materials.MethodsMaterials (N = 97) from three clinical areas that represented excellence in nursing care in our organization (stroke, cancer, and maternal‐child) were reviewed for a composite reading grade level and a Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) score.ResultsTwenty‐eight percent of the materials were at a 9th grade or higher reading level, and only 23% were 5th grade or below. The SAM ratings for not suitable, adequate, and superior were 11%, 58%, and 31%, respectively. Few materials were superior on both scales. The SAM scale was easy to use and required little training of reviewers to achieve interrater reliability.ConclusionsImproving outcomes and reducing health disparities are increasingly important, and patients must be partners in their care for this to occur. One step to increasing patient understanding of written instructions is improving the quality of the materials in the instruction for all patients and their families, especially those with limited literacy skills.Clinical RelevanceUsing materials that are written in a manner that facilitates the uptake and use of patient education content has great potential to improve the ability of patients and families to be partners in care and to improve outcomes, especially for those patients and families with limited general literacy or health literacy skills.