bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of plants to changing atmospheric CO2 concentration: from the geological past to the next century
Authors: Franks Peter J. , Adams Mark A. , Amthor Jeffrey S. , Barbour Margaret M. , Berry Joseph A. , Ellsworth David S. , Farquhar Graham D. , Ghannoum Oula , Lloyd Jon , McDowell Nate , Norby Richard J. , Tissue David T. , von Caemmerer Susanne 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe rate of CO2 assimilation by plants is directly influenced by the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, ca. As an environmental variable, ca also has a unique global and historic significance. Although relatively stable and uniform in the short term, global ca has varied substantially on the timescale of thousands to millions of years, and currently is increasing at seemingly an unprecedented rate. This may exert profound impacts on both climate and plant function. Here we utilise extensive datasets and models to develop an integrated, multi‐scale assessment of the impact of changing ca on plant carbon dioxide uptake and water use. We find that, overall, the sensitivity of plants to rising or falling ca is qualitatively similar across all scales considered. It is characterised by an adaptive feedback response that tends to maintain 1 − ci/ca, the relative gradient for CO2 diffusion into the leaf, relatively constant. This is achieved through predictable adjustments to stomatal anatomy and chloroplast biochemistry. Importantly, the long‐term response to changing ca can be described by simple equations rooted in the formulation of more commonly studied short‐term responses.

Contents

Summary
1077

I.
Introduction
1078

II.
Atmospheric CO2 concentrations through time
1079

III.
Plant sensitivity to CO2 at geological timescales
1080

IV.
Plant sensitivity to CO2 over the last 200 yr
1081

V.
Increased water‐use efficiency?
1084

VI.
Simple formulation of stomatal conductance in land surface models for simulating long‐term CO2 response
1087

VII.
Conclusions
1088

Acknowledgements
1089

References
1089
Parental refusal of vaccination and transplantation listing decisions: A nationwide survey
Authors: Ladd Jennifer M. , Karkazis Katrina , Magnus David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMany professional societies and research studies recommend complete vaccination before pediatric solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, incompletely vaccinated children often receive transplants. As the number of parents refusing to vaccinate children for nonmedical reasons increases, pediatric transplantation programs face difficult listing decisions. Given the importance of psychosocial criteria in listing decisions, this study explores how parental refusal of vaccination affects those listing decisions. Surveys were emailed to individuals at 195 pediatric solid organ transplantation programs in the United States, with a 71% response rate. Forty‐four respondents (39%) reported that their programs have had cases involving parental refusal of vaccination. In response to hypothetical scenarios, 93 respondents (82%) would list a child not vaccinated for medical reasons, whereas only 54 respondents (47%) would list a child whose parents refused vaccination. Only five respondents (4%) reported that their programs had written policies regarding parental refusal of vaccination. These data reveal inconsistencies across pediatric transplantation programs regarding how parental refusal of vaccination affects listing decisions and raise the issue of whether and how the reason for incomplete vaccination should be factored into listing decisions. We recommend further discussion and the development of written guidelines to unify programs' assessments of incompletely vaccinated pediatric transplantation candidates.
Improving attention control in dysphoria through cognitive training: Transfer effects on working memory capacity and filtering efficiency
Authors: Owens Max , Koster Ernst H. W. , Derakshan Nazanin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractImpaired filtering of irrelevant information from working memory is thought to underlie reduced working memory capacity for relevant information in dysphoria. The current study investigated whether training‐related gains in working memory performance on the adaptive dual n‐back task could result in improved inhibitory function. Efficacy of training was monitored in a change detection paradigm allowing measurement of a sustained event‐related potential asymmetry sensitive to working memory capacity and the efficient filtering of irrelevant information. Dysphoric participants in the training group showed training‐related gains in working memory that were accompanied by gains in working memory capacity and filtering efficiency compared to an active control group. Results provide important initial evidence that behavioral performance and neural function in dysphoria can be improved by facilitating greater attentional control.
Impact of environmental parameters on coral reef development and drowning: Forward modelling of the last deglacial reefs from Tahiti (French Polynesia; IODP Expedition #310)
Authors: Seard Claire , Borgomano Jean , Granjeon Didier , Camoin Gilbert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe sedimentological and chronological analysis of the last deglacial reef sequences of Tahiti (French Polynesia), drilled during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 310, provide a high‐resolution data set allowing a well‐constrained forward modelling study. This study represents the first attempt to model in three dimensions the coral reef development of Tahiti during the last deglacial sea‐level rise (23 000 to 6000 cal yr bp) using the software dionisos developed by IFP Energies nouvelles. It allows the testing of the reconstructed last deglacial sea‐level curve and the different environmental parameters (for example, wave energy and sediment fluxes) that could have influenced the reef development. These last deglacial reef sequences form two prominent ridges occurring seaward of the living barrier reef that consist of successive submerged reefs. These reefs have been prone to drowning because the window of maximum carbonate production rate is inhibited by high water turbidity (sediment supply from a nearby river), shallow depth of wave action and substrate availability. These factors, combined with rapid sea‐level rise, have driven the growth of retrograding reef pinnacles. Local factors (substratum nature, sediment supply and wave energy) were the main processes that induced the drowning of the inner ridge, whereas interplay of local and global factors (acceleration of the sea‐level rise) was responsible for the drowning of the outer ridge. This particular acceleration of sea‐level rise of 16 m between 14·6 ka and 14 ka bp corresponds to meltwater pulse 1A.
Diabetes‐induced Changes in Mannan‐binding Lectin Levels and Complement Activation in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Østergaard J. A. , Bjerre M. , Dagnæs‐Hansen F. , Hansen T. K. , Thiel S. , Flyvbjerg A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCirculating mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) levels are elevated in type 1 diabetes. Further, high MBL levels are associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. In animals, a direct effect of MBL on diabetic kidney changes is observed. We hypothesized that MBL levels and detrimental complement activation increase as a consequence of diabetes. We measured plasma MBL before and 7 weeks after inducing diabetes by streptozotocin. Mice have two MBLs, MBL‐A and MBL‐C. Diabetes induction led to an increase in MBL‐C concentration, whereas no change during the study was found in the control group. The increase in MBL‐C was associated with the increasing plasma glucose levels. In accordance with the observed changes in circulating MBL levels, liver expression of Mbl2mRNA (encoding MBL‐C) was increased in diabetes. Mbl1expression (encoding MBL‐A) did not differ between diabetic and control animals. The estimated half‐life of recombinant human MBL was significantly prolonged in mice with diabetes compared with control mice. Complement activation in plasma and glomeruli did not differ between groups. We demonstrate for the first time that MBL levels increase after induction of diabetes and in parallel with increasing plasma glucose. Our findings support the previous clinical observations of increased MBL in type 1 diabetes. This change may be explained by alternations in both MBL production and turnover.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variant with a New Deletion in the 5′ Untranslated Region
Authors: Shi Kaichuang , Tao Chun'ai , Lin Changhua , Li Gang , Li Jun 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The GX1002 strain is a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) characterized by a continuous 2-nucleotide deletion at positions 119 and 120 in the 5′ untranslated region. This differs from prevalent HP-PRRSVs in China, which have a deletion of only 1 nucleotide at position 119. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the GX1002 strain.
Understanding barriers to sexual health service access among substance-misusing women on the South East coast of England
Authors: Edelman Natalie Lois , Patel Harish , Glasper Anthony , Bogen-Johnston Leanne 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesEvidence suggests substance-misusing women (SMW) experience disproportionate sexual health morbidity and poor uptake of interventions including contraception and cervical screening, yet there has been little investigation of sexual health service access issues for this population.MethodsTwenty women with problem drug use in Hastings in South East England, UK participated in a one-to-one interview with a researcher to explore experiences and beliefs surrounding access to a range of sexual health service interventions. Transcripts were open-coded and themes were elicited and organised concerning barriers to access.ResultsDrug-use lifestyles, trauma and low self-worth framed the lives of SMW and hindered sexual health service access through: depleted practical and emotional resources to enable attendance; high perceived emotional cost of discussing sexual histories, and coping with tests and unfavourable results; and low anticipated value of sexual health interventions due to low perception and minimisation of risk and perceived incompatibility between drug use and sexual well-being.ConclusionsA range of practical, social and emotional barriers to sexual health service access exist for this population, presenting a context from within which use of services may come at considerable personal cost to SMW. Interventions addressing anticipated stigma and emotional, hygiene and fiscal concerns are warranted for this population.
Diffusion of Ar in K-feldspar: Present and absent
Authors: Villa Igor M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The mechanisms of Ar release from K-feldspar samples in laboratory experiments and during their geological history are assessed here. Modern petrology clearly established that the chemical and isotopic record of minerals is normally dominated by aqueous recrystallization. The laboratory critique is trickier, which explains why so many conflicting approaches have been able to survive long past their expiration date. Current models are evaluated for self-consistency, especially Arrhenian non-linearity which leads to paradoxes. The models’ testable geological predictions suggest that temperature-based downslope extrapolations often overestimate observed geological Ar mobility substantially. An updated interpretation is based on the unrelatedness of geological behaviour to laboratory experiments. The isotopic record of K-feldspar in geological samples is not a unique function of temperature, as recrystallization promoted by aqueous fluids is the predominant mechanism controlling isotope transport. K-feldspar should therefore be viewed as a hygrochronometer. Laboratory degassing proceeds from structural rearrangements and phase transitions such as are observed
in situ
at high temperature in Na and Pb feldspars. These effects violate the mathematics of an inert Fick's Law matrix and preclude downslope extrapolation. The similar upward-concave non-linear shapes of Arrhenius trajectories of many silicates, hydrous and anhydrous, are likely common manifestations of structural rearrangements in silicate structures.
Targeting IGF-IR with Ganitumab Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Increases Durability of Response to Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in VCaP Prostate Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Fahrenholtz Cale D. , Beltran Pedro J. , Burnstein Kerry L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. While tumors initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, the standard care for advanced or metastatic disease, tumors eventually recur as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-IR) signaling axis drives growth and progression of prostate cancer by promoting proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Ganitumab (formerly AMG 479) is a fully human antibody that inhibits binding of IGF-I and IGF-II to IGF-IR. We evaluated the therapeutic value of ganitumab in several preclinical settings including androgen-dependent prostate cancer, CRPC, and in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy. Ganitumab inhibited IGF-I–induced phosphorylation of the downstream effector AKT and reduced proliferation of multiple androgen-dependent and castration-resistant human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Ganitumab inhibited androgen-dependent VCaP xenograft growth and increased tumor-doubling time from 2.3 ± 0.4 weeks to 6.4 ± 0.4 weeks. Ganitumab blocked growth of castration-resistant VCaP xenografts for over 11.5 weeks of treatment. In contrast, ganitumab did not have appreciable effects on the castration-resistant CWR-22Rv1 xenograft model. Ganitumab was most potent against VCaP xenografts when combined with complete androgen-deprivation therapy (castration). Tumor volume was reduced by 72% after 4 weeks of treatment and growth suppression was maintained over 16 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that judicious use of ganitumab particularly in conjunction with androgen-deprivation therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 394–404. ©2013 AACR.
Are Two Hands (From Different People) Better Than One? Mode Effects and Differential Transfer Between Manual Coordination Modes
Authors: Gorman Jamie C. , Crites Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

Objective: We report an experiment in which we investigated differential transfer between unimanual (one-handed), bimanual (two-handed), and intermanual (different peoples’ hands) coordination modes. Background: People perform some manual tasks faster than others (“mode effects”). However, little is known about transfer between coordination modes. To investigate differential transfer, we draw hypotheses from two perspectives—information based and constraint based—of bimanual and interpersonal coordination and skill acquisition. Method: Participants drove a teleoperated rover around a circular path in sets of two 2-min trials using two of the different coordination modes. Speed and variability of the rover’s path were measured. Order of coordination modes was manipulated to examine differential transfer and mode effects. Results: Differential transfer analyses revealed patterns of positive transfer from simpler (localized spatiotemporal constraints) to more complex (distributed spatiotemporal constraints) coordination modes paired with negative transfer in the opposite direction. Mode effects indicated that intermanual performance was significantly faster than unimanual performance, and bimanual performance was intermediate. Importantly, all of these effects disappeared with practice. Conclusion: The observed patterns of differential transfer between coordination modes may be better accounted for by a constraint-based explanation of differential transfer than by an information-based one. Mode effects may be attributable to anticipatory movements based on dyads’ access to mutual visual information. Application: Although people may be faster using more-complex coordination modes, when operators transition between modes, they may be more effective transitioning from simpler (e.g., bimanual) to more complex (e.g., intermanual) modes than vice versa. However, this difference may be critical only for novel or rarely practiced tasks.
Effect of hot-air ageing on properties of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/samarium borate/polyolefin and EPDM/antimony-doped tin oxide/polyolefin composites
Authors: Su Jun , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2013

Ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/samarium borate (SmBO3)/polyolefin and EPDM/antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO)/polyolefin composites are aged at 150°C for different intervals. The addition of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can delay the decrease in elongation at the break of EPDM/filler composites in the first 7 days of ageing. Moreover, the risen branch content of polyolefin can cause more crystals melt during ageing. It is found that acidic ATO particles would promote the formation of oxidative products during ageing. The substitution of SmBO3 by acidic ATO can boost the decrease amplitude of elongation at break of EPDM/filler/LDPE, EPDM/filler/LLDPE and EPDM/filler/HDPE in the first 7 days of ageing. The color change is correlated well with the variation in carbonyl index. The crystallinity is mainly influenced by the chemical cross-link points during ageing. The tendency of tensile strength is well consistent with that of swelling ratios, and the electric properties are correlated with increased polar groups and crystallinity.
Genomic instability in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Li Ming , Qin Songbing , Wang Lili , Zhou Juying 
Published: January 2013

Objective Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder affecting multiple organs that results in renal and extrarenal cysts. Patients with ADPKD may have genomic instability, making them more vulnerable to developing cancer. This study aimed to investigate latent genomic instability in patients with ADPKD, using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Methods The susceptibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes to DNA damage induced by X-ray treatment (0.5 Gy) was tested in 20 patients with ADPKD using single-cell gel electrophoresis. The percentage of DNA in the comet tail (TDNA%) before and after irradiation was compared between patients with ADPKD and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects. Results Renal and extrarenal cysts were observed in patients with ADPKD. A significantly higher mean TDNA% was determined in patients with ADPKD compared with control subjects (8.85% versus 7.50%). After in vitro irradiation, DNA damage was significantly increased in all participants, but the increase was significantly greater in patients with ADPKD compared with control subjects. Conclusion These data suggest that patients with ADPKD have genomic instability, which may trigger renal and extrarenal cyst formation.
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) is a novel therapeutic target for diabetic complications
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Luo Ping , Wang Yangwei , Cui Yingchun , Miao Lining 
Published: January 2013

Diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability. In 2004, 3.4 million people worldwide died of symptoms relating to high blood sugar. Diabetic complications are caused by organ damage resulting from long-term exposure to high blood sugar, and include diseases such as heart failure, kidney failure, vision loss and neuropathy. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2, also known as NRF2) is an important component of the intracellular antioxidant machinery and a target for treatment of diabetic complications. This article reviews the role of NFE2L2 in diabetic complications with a focus on diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Activation of NFE2L2 protects against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, and represents an important target for prophylaxis and treatment of diabetic complications. NFE2L2 has potential clinical applications for diabetic patients in the near future.
Lightning and its association with the frequency of headache in migraineurs: An observational cohort study
Authors: Martin Geoffrey V , Houle Timothy , Nicholson Robert , Peterlin Albert , Martin Vincent T 
Published: January 2013

Aim The aim of this article is to determine if lightning is associated with the frequency of headache in migraineurs. Methods Participants fulfilling diagnostic criteria for International Headache Society-defined migraine were recruited from sites located in Ohio ( n = 23) and Missouri ( n = 67). They recorded headache activity in a daily diary for three to six months. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression determined the odds ratio (OR) of headache on lightning days compared to non-lightning days. Other weather factors associated with thunderstorms were also added as covariates to the GEE model to see how they would attenuate the effect of lightning on headache. Results The mean age of the study population was 44 and 91% were female. The OR for headache was 1.31 (95% confidence limits (CL); 1.07, 1.66) during lighting days as compared to non-lightning days. The addition of thunderstorm-associated weather variables as covariates were only able to reduce the OR for headache on lightning days to 1.18 (95% CL; 1.02, 1.37). The probability of having a headache on lightning days was also further increased when the average current of lightning strikes for the day was more negative. Conclusion This study suggests that lightning represents a trigger for headache in migraineurs that cannot be completely explained by other meteorological factors. It is unknown if lightning directly triggers headaches through electromagnetic waves or indirectly through production of bioaerosols (e.g. ozone), induction of fungal spores or other mechanisms. These results should be interpreted cautiously until replicated in a second dataset.