bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae: A Brief Review and a Canadian Perspective
Authors: Wood H. , Artsob H. 
Published: September 2012

SummarySpotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR) are infections caused by established and emerging human pathogens worldwide. These rickettsial agents are transmitted to humans via arthropods and may result in mild to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Spotted fever group rickettsioses are characterized by similar clinical features, including fever, rash, headache and myalgias, with the development of an inoculation eschar in many, but not all cases. Endemic rickettsial infections do occur but are infrequent in Canada, in contrast to the United States, where these infections are far more prevalent. Travel‐associated rickettsioses, however, are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in Canadian travellers returning from international trips abroad, in particular in travellers returning from Africa. The diagnosis of rickettsial infections can be challenging owing to the non‐specific nature of the clinical symptoms and the requirement for specialized testing. Serology cannot distinguish between the approximately 20 spotted fever group rickettsial species currently known or suspected to be capable of causing human infection. Molecular testing is required to determine the rickettsial species responsible for infection, but requires greater effort on the part of the clinician to collect appropriate samples, including cutaneous skin swabs from under the eschar or skin punch biopsies of the eschar or rash. Infections with spotted fever group rickettsiae likely occur more commonly than currently recognized and should be considered in patients with appropriate symptoms and exposure histories.
THE DETONATING FIREBALL OF 1956 FEBRUARY 12*
Authors: Russell John A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the orbit, size, brightness, and sounds of a meteor that appeared over Southern California on 1956 February 12, at 1h 7m 40s P.S.T. Parabolic elements were computed that indicate that the meteorite overtook the Earth in a direct orbit of low inclination. The luminous envelope was found to have a diameter of at least 0.1 mile. Finally, factors favoring the possible recovery of fragments are discussed.
A RECENT MACRO‐SPICULAR RECOVERY FROM THE GLORIETA, NEW MEXICO, FALL (CN = 1058,356)*
Authors: LaPaz Lincoln 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis note gives an account of the discovery, and a description of the characteristics, of an unusual sword‐shaped specimen of the Glorieta sideritic fall, found on January 19, 1954, near Canoncito, New Mexico.
A New Iron Meteorite from Webster County, Missouri
Authors: READ WILLIAM F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn iron meteorite weighing approximately 57 pounds was plowed up near Seymour, Webster County, Missouri, about 1940. The importance of the find was not recognized until the fall of 1963, when a small piece was sent to Harvard University. Externally the meteorite is irregular, showing no evidence of oriented flight. Structurally, it is a coarse octahedrite containing conspicuous large nodules of troilite, which are rimmed with schreibersite.
Characterization of the carrier-mediated transport of ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in rabbit corneal epithelium cells
Authors: Fujii Shinobu , Hayashi Hideki , Itoh Kunihiko , Yamada Shizuo , Deguchi Yoshiharu , Kawazu Kouichi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Using rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs), the transport of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) [3H]ketoprofen across the cornea was investigated with the aim of revealing the mechanism of uptake.

Methods
[3H]Ketoprofen transport was evaluated by measuring the permeability across the RCECs layers.

Key findings
[3H]Ketoprofen uptake was time, temperature and pH dependent. Maximal uptake occurred from a solution with a pH of 5.25. Uptake was also reduced by metabolic inhibitors (sodium azide and dinitrophenol (DNP)) and proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitors (carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC)). [3H]Ketoprofen uptake was significantly inhibited by various monocarboxylates and other NSAIDs and by MCT and/or organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitors probenecid and p-aminohippurate, but was unaffected by organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitors bromosulfophthalein and taurocholate. The specific uptake of [3H]ketoprofen was saturable. Eadie–Hofstee plots indicated the involvement of high- and low-affinity components. The Km and Vmax values for the high- and low-affinity components of [3H]ketoprofen uptake were 0.56 and 24 mm, and 0.37 and 61 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. Benzoic acid, a substrate and inhibitor of MCTs, selectively inhibited low-affinity [3H]ketoprofen uptake. Conversely, indometacin inhibited high-affinity [3H]ketoprofen uptake.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the monocarboxylate transport system partly accounts for the low-affinity component of [3H]ketoprofen uptake, and that the carrier-mediated transport systems such as the OAT family, shared by NSAIDs account for the high-affinity component.
Efficacy of vitamin E in the conservative treatment of Peyronie's disease: legend or reality? A controlled study of 70 cases
Authors: Paulis G. , Brancato T. , D'Ascenzo R. , De Giorgio G. , Nupieri P. , Orsolini G. , Alvaro R. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe medical treatment is indicated in the development stage of Peyronie's disease (PD) for at least 1 year after diagnosis and whenever in case of penile pain. This research was conducted to demonstrate the possible effectiveness of vitamin E in PD treatment, whereas in the scientific literature this topic is much discussed. A total of 70 patients (age:26–69 years, mean: 54.1 ± 9.71) diagnosed with PD were enrolled in a conservative treatment. In addition to medical histories and physical examinations all patients underwent the following tests: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, penile ultrasound and photographic documentation, pain evaluation by a conventional 10‐point pain scale Visual analogue pain scale (VAS). All 70 patients were divided into two different treatment groups: A and B, with different combinations of drugs: A = vitamin E + verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + blueberries + propolis + topical diclofenac; B = verapamil (injection + iontophoresis) + blueberries + propolis + topical diclofenac. All patients were treated for 6 months after which they underwent the same follow‐up tests as performed prior to the treatment. Intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences: in the vitamin E group the effective plaque size reduction was −50.2% whereas in the control group the reduction was −35.8% (p = 0.027). In group A the improvement of curvature occurred in 96.6% of the cases whereas in the control group B this occurred in 48.4% (p = 0.0001), moreover, the mean curvature decrease was respectively −12.25° and −6.73° (p = 0.01). IIEF score was significantly improved in group A patients with comorbidities and erectile dysfunction (p = 0.025). Increase in plaque size occurred only in the control group (17.1%) (p = 0.032). We can affirm that vitamin E can help to prevent the progression of PD. This study strongly supports the recommendation that the best approach for treating PD is multimodal therapy.
Day‐to‐day physical functioning and disability in obese 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds
Authors: Tsiros M. D. , Buckley J. D. , Howe P. R. C. , Olds T. , Walkley J. , Taylor L. , Mallows R. , Hills A. P. , Kagawa M. , Coates A. M. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
What is already known about this subject?
Compared with their healthy‐weight peers, children with obesity have;
impaired physical health‐related quality of life reduced physical activity levels reduced capacity to perform certain weight‐bearing tasks in field‐based fitness tests

What this study adds?
First investigation of obesity‐related disability in children using the International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health framework for Children and Youth.
Obesity in children appears to be associated with disability impacting basic locomotor skills and physical health‐related quality of life.
Children's participation in key life areas related to physical functioning appears to be minimally impacted by obesity.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is related to impaired day‐to‐day physical functioning and disability in children.MethodsAn observational case–control study was conducted in three Australian states. Obese (n = 107) and healthy‐weight (n = 132) 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds (132 male, 107 female) were recruited via media advertisements. Assessment of body composition (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry), locomotor capacity (six‐minute walk test [6MWT], timed up and down stairs test [TUDS] and timed up and go [TUG]) and child‐reported physical health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were undertaken. Participants wore an accelerometer for 8 days and completed two use‐of‐time telephone interviews to assess participation in key life areas.ResultsCompared with their healthy‐weight counterparts, obese children had lower physical HRQoL scores (P < 0.01) and reduced locomotor capacity (TUDS z‐score, TUG and 6MWT; P < 0.01). Higher percent body fat was significantly related to lower physical HRQoL scores (r = −0.48, P < 0.01), slower performance times for the TUDS and TUG (r = 0.59 and 0.26 respectively, P < 0.01), shorter 6MWT distances (r = −0.51, P < 0.01) and reduced time spent in community participation activities (r = −0.23, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAs anticipated, obesity appears to undermine physical functioning in children, including the capacity to perform basic locomotor skills yet, unexpectedly, participation in key life areas related to physical functioning appeared largely unaffected.
Novel cerebrospinal fluid and serum autoantibody targets for clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Rouwette Myrthe , Somers Klaartje , Govarts Cindy , De Deyn Peter P. , Hupperts Raymond , Van Wijmeersch Bart , De Jong Brigit A. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Van Pesch Vincent , Sindic Christian , Villar Luisa M. , Álvarez‐Cermeño José C. , Stinissen Piet , Somers Veerle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLimited information is available on the identity of antigens targeted by antibodies present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). The aim of this study was to identify novel antigens for CIS and investigate their prognostic potential to predict conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS). We applied serological antigen selection (SAS) to identify antigens interacting with antibodies present in the pooled CSF from four CIS patients, who developed MS. Antibody reactivity towards CIS antigens identified by SAS was tested in CSF and serum from patients with CIS (n = 123/n = 108), MS (n = 65/n = 44), and other (inflammatory) neurological diseases (n = 75/n = 38) as well as in healthy control sera (n = 44). Using SAS, a panel of six novel CIS candidate antigens was identified. CSF antibody reactivity was detected in both CIS and relapsing‐remitting (RR) MS. Serum reactivity was significantly increased in CIS and RR‐MS as compared with controls (p = 0.03). For two antigens, the frequency of antibody‐positive patients was higher in CIS patients who converted to MS as compared with CIS patients without conversion. We identified novel CIS antigens to which antibody reactivity was primarily detected in CIS and RR‐MS as compared to controls. Possible prognostic potential could be demonstrated for two antigens.
Pharmacological or genetic blockade of the dopamine D3 receptor increases cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult mice
Authors: Egeland Martin , Zhang Xiaoqun , Millan Mark J. , Mocaer Elisabeth , Svenningsson Per 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDopamine plays an important role in cellular processes controlling the functional and structural plasticity of neurons, as well as their generation and proliferation, both in the developing and the adult brain. The precise roles of individual dopamine receptors subtypes in adult neurogenesis remain poorly defined, although D3 receptors are known to be involved in neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. By contrast, very few studies have addressed the influence of dopamine and D3 receptors upon neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, an issue addressed herein employing constitutive D3 receptor knockout mice, or chronic exposure to the preferential D3 receptor antagonist, S33138. D3 receptor knockout mice revealed increased baseline levels of cell proliferation and ongoing neurogenesis, as measured both using Ki‐67 and doublecortin, whereas there was no difference in cell survival as measured by BrdU (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine). Chronic administration of S33138 was shown to be functionally active in enhancing levels of the plasticity‐related molecule, delta‐FosB, in the D3 receptor‐rich nucleus accumbens. In accordance with the stimulated neurogenesis seen in D3 receptor knockout mice, S33138 increased proliferation in wild‐type mice. These observations suggest that D3 receptors exert a tonic, constitutive inhibitory influence upon adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Differences in maturation of the jaw‐opening reflex between rats that received early‐and late‐masticatory stimulation
Authors: Changsiripun C. , Yabushita T. , Soma K. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe jaw‐opening reflex (JOR) plays an important role in the regulation of jaw movement during mastication. Previous study showed that altered masticatory function during growth impedes JOR maturation and thus may affect masticatory performance in adults. However, no studies have compared the benefit of early and delayed correction in terms of functional development. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that early‐stimulation of masticatory function during growth can promote JOR maturation better than late‐stimulation during adulthood. Soon after weaning, 120 female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and fed either solid (control group) or liquid (experimental group) diets. The experimental group was further divided into early‐, late‐, and non‐stimulation subgroups. Early‐ and late‐stimulation groups were fed a solid diet instead of a liquid diet at 5‐ and 11‐week‐old, respectively, whereas non‐stimulation group was fed only a liquid diet until the end of the experiment. At 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 weeks, JOR recordings were conducted in anaesthetised rats of all groups. Latency and peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the JOR were compared between the groups. From 7 to 13 weeks, early‐stimulation group showed a JOR with short latency and high amplitude similar to that of control group. In contrast, late‐ and non‐stimulation groups showed significantly longer latency and smaller amplitude of the JOR than in control group. We demonstrated that early masticatory stimulation within the critical period for programming mastication may have greater potential to restore JOR maturation to values close to those in normal adults.
Electromyographic assessment of jaw muscles in patients with All‐on‐Four fixed implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Dellavia C. , Francetti L. , Rosati R. , Corbella S. , Ferrario V. F. , Sforza C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis study evaluated the electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of masticatory muscles in patients with fixed implant‐supported prostheses according to All‐on‐Four® principles and in control healthy dentate subjects. Twenty‐six subjects aged 50–74 years were examined. Eighteen were edentulous and had been successfully rehabilitated with (i) mandibular All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported fixed prostheses and maxillary complete dentures (10 patients) and (ii) mandibular and maxillary All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported fixed prostheses (eight patients). Eight reference subjects had natural dentition. Surface EMG recordings of the masseter and temporalis muscles were performed during maximum voluntary teeth clenching and during unilateral gum chewing. All values were standardised as percentage of a maximum clenching on cotton rolls. During clenching, a good global neuromuscular equilibrium was found in all participants. During chewing, all groups had similar values of working‐side muscle activities and of chewing frequency. No significant differences in the analysed EMG parameters were found between the patients with mandibular and maxillary All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported prostheses and the reference subjects. In contrast, standardised pooled muscle activities and standardised muscular activities per cycle were larger in patients with a maxillary removable prosthesis than in control subjects (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0·01). Also, patients wearing a complete maxillary denture showed a poor neuromuscular coordination with altered muscular pattern and lower values of the index of masticatory symmetry than dentate control subjects (P < 0·01). EMG outcomes suggest that All‐on‐Four® implant‐supported prostheses may be considered a functionally efficient treatment option for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients with reduced residual bone volume.
Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, clinical evaluation of Aloe vera Barbadensis, applied in combination with a tongue protector to treat burning mouth syndrome
Authors: López‐Jornet Pia , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Molino‐Pagan Diana 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aloe vera (AV) applied in combination with a tongue protector, comparing this with a placebo.MethodsA total of 75 patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) were divided into three groups randomly: Group I (tongue protector three times a day), Group II (tongue protector and 0.5 ml AV at 70% three times a day) and Group III (tongue protector and 0.5 ml placebo three times a day). Symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), while patient psychological profiles were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety‐Depression scale and their quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP‐49). Treatment continued for 3 months.ResultsVisual analogue scale pain values improved for all three study groups but without statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0.210). Regarding quality of life, no significant differences were found between groups with the exception of the OHIP‐49 score for handicap. The overall clinical improvement was greater for Group II, with a difference almost reaching significance.ConclusionsThe concomitant prescription of tongue protector and AV is effective for treating patients with BMS.
Detection and Identification of Group 16SrVI Phytoplasma in Willows in China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhengnan , Du Chao , Fu Zhaohui , Wu Yunfeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn 2010 and 2011, willow proliferation disease was observed in Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China. The phytoplasma‐specific 16S rRNA gene fragment of 1.2 kb was amplified by a nested PCR with universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R2. Phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analyses revealed that the phytoplasma associated with willow proliferation was a member of subgroup 16SrVI‐A. The field survey indicated that the incidence of willow proliferation in Erdos was approximately 36.84%. To our knowledge, this is the first record of group 16SrVI phytoplasma infecting willow in China.
Surface sensing and lateral subcellular localization of WspA, the receptor in a chemosensory‐like system leading to c‐di‐GMP production
Authors: O'Connor Jennifer R. , Kuwada Nathan J. , Huangyutitham Varisa , Wiggins Paul A. , Harwood Caroline S. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa responds to growth on agar surfaces to produce cyclic‐di‐GMP, which stimulates biofilm formation. This is mediated by an alternative cellular function chemotaxis‐like system called Wsp. The receptor protein WspA, is bioinformatically indistinguishable from methyl‐accepting chemotaxis proteins. However, unlike standard chemoreceptors, WspA does not form stable clusters at cell poles. Rather, it forms dynamic clusters at both polar and lateral subcellular locations. To begin to study the mechanism of Wsp signal transduction in response to surfaces, we carried out a structure–function study of WspA and found that its C‐terminus is important for its lateral subcellular localization and function. When this region was replaced with that of a chemoreceptor for amino acids, WspA became polarly localized. In addition, introduction of mutations in the C‐terminal region of WspA that rendered this protein able to form more stable receptor–receptor interactions, also resulted in a WspA protein that was less capable of activating signal transduction. Receptor chimeras with a WspA C‐terminus and N‐terminal periplasmic domains from chemoreceptors that sense amino acids or malate responded to surfaces to produce c‐di‐GMP. Thus, the amino acid sequence of the WspA periplasmic region did not need to be conserved for the Wsp system to respond to surfaces.
Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Čelar A , Freudenthaler J , Crismani A , Graf A 
Published: September 2012

Čelar A., Freudenthaler J., Crismani A., Graf A. Guided and unguided mandibular reference positions in asymptomatic individuals  Orthod Craniofac Res 2013; 16:28–35. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  To determine the difference between guided and unguided mandibular reference positions assessed by articulator simulation.Setting and Sample Population –  This study was carried out at the Division of Orthodontics at Vienna Medical University. The sample population consisted of 19 men and 18 women aged 23–32 years and without temporomandibular disorder.Materials and Methods –  Three examiners used bimanual operator guidance and unguided mandibular stationary hinging at final jaw closure before occlusal contact and made occlusal wax recordings. The examiners repeated both techniques after 8 and 17 days on the same subjects. Condylar positions were assessed using articulator‐mounted casts and a three‐dimensional electronic condylar position indicator.Results –  Bimanual guidance positioned the condylar spheres, on average, 0.1 mm more right and 0.6 mm more posterior and superior to unguided hinging (p < 0.04). The repeatability of bimanual guidance by three operators and on 3 days resulted in inter‐repetition standard deviations ranging from 0.19 to 0.4 mm and from 0.41 to 0.76 mm for unguided hinging. The highest fraction of the total variance came from the individuals, followed by days, then intra‐operator and interoperator variability. Both methods showed considerable overlap of condylar sphere positions at the 95% confidence level.Conclusion –  Within the limits of an articulator study, the spatial variability of condylar sphere positions suggested a statistically but not clinically relevant methodological difference between bimanual guidance and unguided stationary hinging.