bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationalism in marketing channels and marketing strategy
Authors: Paswan Audhesh K. , Blankson Charles , Guzman Francisco 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between marketing strategy types – aggressive marketing, price leadership and product specialization strategies – and the extent of relationalism in marketing channels.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a self‐administered survey from managers responsible for marketing and channels management in US pharmaceutical firms. The responses to the questions capturing focal constructs were measured using a five‐point Likert type scale. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling procedures.FindingsAggressive marketing strategy and price leadership strategy are positively associated with the level of relationalism in marketing channels. In contrast, product specialization (focus) strategy is negatively associated with the level of relationalism in marketing channels.Originality/valueThe relationship between marketing strategy and the emergent relationalism among marketing channel intermediaries is critical for the firm's ability to meet objectives. This relationship has not been investigated so far and, from a managerial perspective, managing marketing channels is critical for successful implementation of marketing strategies.
Subcutaneous implanted antennas: interaction with biological tissues
Authors: Vidal N. , Lopez‐Villegas J.M. , Sieiro J. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological tissues in the presence of antennas implanted subcutaneously for biotelemetry applications. The authors examined the influence of these radiative devices on energy absorption and also their effects as reflective metal surfaces when incoming radiofrequency energy was present.Design/methodology/approachThe research was carried out using electromagnetic modeling based on the finite difference time domain method and the calculations were performed to determine the electric field and specific absorption rate. The implanted antenna operated in the Medical Implant Communication Service band. The incoming external electric fields considered included different frequency bands covering most current telecommunications standards.FindingsLevels of absorbed energy with and without the implanted device.Practical implicationsThe paper offers an analysis of results and comparison with current dosimetric standards and guidelines for limiting electromagnetic exposure.Originality/valueThe paper studies the interactions of implanted antennas with biological tissues, taking into account two behaviors: radiative and passive.
Analysis and evaluation of good practices in the design of internet sites dedicated to electromagnetic fields and health
Authors: Giliberti Claudia , Bedini Angelico , Salerno Silvana 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply a dedicated checklist for the evaluation of good practice information in the design of Italian internet sites on electromagnetic fields (emf) and health.Design/methodology/approachThe “Guidelines on the collection, evaluation and dissemination of good practice information on the Internet” by European Occupational Safety and Health Agency (EU‐OSHA) and the criteria of effective health communication, by the American National Institute of Health (NIH), have been reoriented to the issue “emf and health”. In total, 100 Italian internet sites, provided by the search engine GoogleItalia, have been analysed.FindingsThe results show how Italian official sources of information on “emf and health”, mainly affiliated to public institutions, apply good practice criteria in the design of internet sites, in terms of Identity card of the provider, quality of information, usability, interactivity and content of the sites.Practical implicationsIn recent years, the internet has become a powerful tool for information, especially concerning health issues. Internet users need to find a trusted source providing accurate, balanced, evidence‐based, reliable, understandable information. This research provides practical criteria for selecting good practice information in the internet sites dedicated to “emf and health”.Originality/valueThe authors' effort in collecting and evaluating main criteria for an ergonomic design of internet sites dedicated to “emf and health”, confirms the need to implement usability of the internet sites and enhance the quality of information provided in the web in terms of “good practice”.
Impact of static electric field on prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in rats
Authors: Cieslar Grzegorz , Malyszek‐Tumidajewicz Justyna , Sowa Pawel , Sieron Aleksander 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the influence of long‐term, whole‐body exposure of rats to strong, static electric field with physical parameters generated nearby high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines on the intensity of reactive oxygen species generation analyzed indirectly, basing on the measurement of malone dialdehyde level, as well as on the activity of enzymatic antioxidant defence system.Design/methodology/approachIn rats exposed to static electric field with intensity of 16, 25 and 35 kV/m, respectively, or sham‐exposed eight hours daily for 56 days, in the obtained plasma, erythrocytes lysates and liver homogenates the activity of some antioxidant enzymes as well as the concentration of malone dialdehyde were determined with use of spectrophotometric and kinetic methods.FindingsIt was observed that long‐term exposure of rats to static electric field causes only temporary compensatory changes in the concentration of malone dialdehyde and transient changes in the activity of enzymatic antioxidant system, both in blood and in liver tissue in the form of temporary inhibition of activity of most antioxidant enzymes during exposure cycle, with subsequent compensatory increase in this activity after the end of exposure cycle, enabling maintenance of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in the organism of experimental animals and inhibition of peroxidation process.Practical implicationsPresented data indicate that construction of air HVDC transmission lines, according to actual compulsory regulations, enables serious health hazards related to persistent disturbances of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance to be avoided.Originality/valueIn the experiment it was confirmed, for the first time, that long‐term exposure to strong static electric field causes transient compensatory changes of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in living organisms.
The policy/procedure manual, part III: organizing the manual
Authors: Fitsimmons Gary 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis article's purpose is to show how to go about developing a scheme for organizing a policy/procedure manual that will also make a good electronic and paper filing system.Design/methodology/approachThe article describes the problem of organizing large bodies of information, argues for a hierarchical format, and then shows how to formulate that kind of organizational scheme.FindingsThe finding is that hierarchical schemes are useful for organizing policy and procedure manuals as well as for filing systems.Practical implicationsHaving policies and procedures well organized saves time each time they are subsequently used.Social implicationsEfficiency and good public relations demand that libraries have well‐organized policy and procedure manuals.Originality/valueThe value of the article is in offering the theoretical organizational framework for the manual.
Higher earning – for‐profit institutions as a revenue stream for non‐profit institutions
Authors: Steele Kirstin 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider establishing relationships between the author's college's library and the libraries at for‐profit schools in the area.Design/methodology/approachThe author examines literature, talks with David Moore at the University of Alabama‐Huntsville's library, and reviews websites of local proprietary schools.FindingsThe paper finds that libraries do not appear to be as integral to proprietary institutions of higher learning as they are to traditional colleges and universities, but students and faculty appreciate any efforts. Proprietary schools could save money and infrastructure by outsourcing library services to nearby traditional schools. Traditional schools could use an additional revenue stream.Originality/valueThere is quite a bit of research comparing proprietary and traditional colleges in general, but very little comparing their libraries.
Social reading and the creation of customer loyalty clubs or communities to improve communication with our users and reduce costs in marketing and advertising
Authors: Romero Nuria 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe so‐called customer loyalty clubs or communities are a proven marketing strategy used by companies to create positive commercial and emotional relationships between companies and their actual or potential customers. In the world of libraries the use of social networks has become institutionalized as a communication tool, and alongside the library's website and its profiles on Facebook and Twitter, the library has reduced costs on marketing and advertising to a minimum. However, the use of the so‐called loyalty clubs and communities as well as social and collaborative reading is still not widespread in libraries worldwide. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines social or collaborative reading, a practice that has always existed, but it has become particularly relevant given the digitization of texts and the rising popularity of e‐readers. In essence, social reading consists of sharing recommendations, dates, notes and comments, and highlighting the important parts of books together with other people. What previously took place in meetings with friends or in public readings, can now be done at any time on the internet, and is extended to include readers that we do not know and perhaps even the author of the work. Not only is this a new reading experience, it is also a tool which can be used by the library to greatly increase loyalty.FindingsDespite the enormous potential of the practice of social reading at present, a serious problem has to be faced: the quagmire of closed and mutually incompatible devices, platforms and formats. Unfortunately, companies such as Amazon, Apple, and many others have decided to partition knowledge and deliberately limit the functions of their equipment to maintain control and attempt to monopolize the book business. Any technician with global management knowledge is aware of the benefits represented by the articulation and maintenance of one of these clubs for the purpose of expanding or diversifying the group of users who choose to make use of such services.Originality/valueThis paper highlights that fact that, without doubt, social networks can be an excellent alternative or an effective complement to traditional loyalty clubs, which in the area of libraries could be associated with the so‐called reading clubs of yesteryear. Moreover such clubs do not necessarily have to be replaced, because they can support their operation by maximizing their impact and minimizing costs. After all, a traditional loyalty club is no more than a social network that uses traditional communication media. Regardless of whether they are considered as an alternative or exclusively, the initial advantages offered by online social networks may be their lower overall cost, ease of management and high growth potential.
Factors predicting staying in school to eat lunch
Authors: Beaulieu Dominique , Godin Gaston 
Published: November 2014

PurposeEasy access to fast‐food restaurants in the immediate environment of a high school is such that a high proportion of students do not remain in school for lunch. Hence, the probability that they will eat a healthy meal is reduced. The aim of this study is to identify the behavioral determinants of “staying in school to eat lunch” among high school students.Design/methodology/approachThe Theory of Planned Behavior has been applied to the development of a questionnaire self‐administered among 153 randomly selected high school students.FindingsOverall, 52.3 percent of students remained to eat at school every day during a follow‐up period of two weeks. Logistic regression analyses showed that intention (OR: 16.22; 95 percent CI 7.08‐37.21) was the sole predictor of behavior and that intention was determined by the descriptive norm (OR: 12.67; 95 percent CI 3.39‐47.27), perceived behavioral control (OR: 11.46; 95 percent CI 4.53‐29.04) and attitude (OR: 2.70; 95 percent CI 1.06‐6.85).Practical implicationsThese findings suggest that a combination of interventions targeting both various individual determinants and environmental factors increases the likelihood that youngsters will remain at school to eat their lunch.Originality/valueTo the best of one's knowledge, this is the first study applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand why high school students do not stay in school to eat lunch. This information should be very useful to those interested in developing interventions to promote the policy that students should stay in school to eat their lunch instead of going out to fast food restaurants in the nearby environment.
Big bets, small wins? Entrepreneurial behavior and ROI
Authors: Gilinsky Armand , Lopez Raymond H. , Santini Cristina , Eyler Robert 
Published: November 2014

PurposeResearchers into entrepreneurial strategy have overlooked the impact of small vs big investments on a venture's return on investment (ROI). The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent does entrepreneurial behavior impact initial investment size and the return on that investment?Design/methodology/approachThis investigation summarizes research into entrepreneurial leadership behavior and uses data from longitudinal case studies of four innovative start‐up wine businesses in California, India, and Italy.FindingsInvestment size and ROI appear to be related to entrepreneurial behavior.Practical implicationsLead entrepreneurs must develop both technical competence and social networking skills to achieve small wins, i.e. early if only modest ROI.Originality/valueThis paper develops a model consisting of several testable propositions to measure the impact of entrepreneurial behavior on ROI.
Research on construction and application of the GM(1,1) forecast model of Olympics track and field achievements
Authors: Chang Mei Huang , Wei Hua Shen , Xiao Cong Xiao 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe paper attempts to establish GM(1,1) grey prediction model group for the top three Olympic track and field sports performance, and to predict the 30th London Olympic track and field results and its tendency using grey systems theory.Design/methodology/approachAthletics sports achievements are influenced by many factors, such as the physical quality, athletes individual growth cycle, and injuring or retirement of excellent athletes, the outstanding performance of some athletes, the using of high‐tech sports training instrument, the implementation plan of scientific training guidance, the introduction of advanced technology, facilities and improvement, and so on. Those aspects can make the match result uncertain, which are running in a uncertain and continually changing environment, so sports achievements have obviously grey features. Combined with grey modeling methods, and aimed at the top three Olympic track and field sports performance, this paper established GM (1,1) grey prediction model group and analysed the trend of Olympic track and field. And in the end of the paper, the 30th Olympic men's and women's the top three athletic achievements prediction intervals are also predicted.FindingsThe results show that forecasting model group has high‐precision. In the 46 champions prediction models, three models have the forecast accuracy of 100 percent; 27 models' forecast accuracy are greater than 99.5 percent, and the rest of the models forecast accuracy are greater than 98.58 percent. In the 46 silver medalists prediction models, five models have the forecast accuracy of 100 percent; 33 models' forecast accuracy are greater than 99.5 percent and the rest of the models' forecast accuracy is greater than 98.48 percent. In the 46 bronze medalist prediction models, four models have the forecast accuracy of 100 percent; 25 models' forecast accuracy is greater than 99.5 percent and the rest of the models forecast accuracy is greater than 98.76 percent. The essay deeply analyzes the top three achievements' trend of Olympic Games Track and field. In the end, the paper predicts the 30th Olympic track and field results.Practical implicationsThe method exposed in the paper can be used for the short‐term or long‐term prediction of sports scores metering in international competition (such as track and field, swimming, rowing, etc.), and also for personal athletic performance prediction.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realising both grey prediction model group for the top three Olympic track and field performance in all projects, and prediction of the 30th London Olympic track and field results by using the newest developed theories: grey systems theory.
Grey relational analysis between firm's current situation and its possible causes
Authors: Delcea Camelia , Scarlat Emil , Mărăcine Virginia 
Published: November 2014

PurposeBy making an analogy with the human body, the purpose of this paper is to underline the relations between a firm's failure causes and its current situation, in terms of the syndrome that can be identified at its level.Design/methodology/approachFor this reason, some elements taken from medicine, such as symptoms, causes and syndromes are presented and characterized from the point of view of the firm.FindingsIt is shown that knowing the type of syndrome and the relation between it and the causes that determined its occurrence, a firm's situation can be improved and its life can be lengthened. The study was conducted on 19 firms and the results are conclusive.Practical implicationsBy knowing the main causes that determine a certain type of bankruptcy syndrome, the firm's management can properly intervene to establish a new order and a new equilibrium, which can “save” the firm from an imminent collapse, bringing it to a normality situation and even leading it, in future, to increased performance.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in shaping the relation between a firm's situation, its symptoms, the bankruptcy syndrome and the causes that led to a certain situation. Using one of the newest developed theories – the grey systems theory – and one of the newest concept used in firms' diagnosis – the bankruptcy syndrome – the paper extends the characteristics of this term and uses it in determining the causes that generate anomalies at firm level.
The grey relational analysis of influential factors for Chinese medicine in general hospital
Authors: Li‐zhong Duan , Gu‐na Duan , Guang‐Qian Zhai , Ying Zhang , Chun‐Yu Xuan , Hao Geng 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to strengthen and standardize general hospital use of traditional Chinese medicine, strengthen the inner construction, highlight the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine and improve Chinese medicine services' capacity and competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThrough data analysis and face‐to‐face interviews, the influential factors for Chinese medicine use in general hospitals are found and the extent and impact of these factors are researched. Based on survey results, grey relational analysis is used to analyze the actual factors.FindingsBased on the results of grey relational analysis, a clear order of these factors on the degree of influence is obtained and suggestions are offered which can promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine in general hospitals.Originality/valueThe grey system theory was applied in medical management. The influential factors for Chinese medicine use in general hospitals was analyzed by using grey relational analysis, to offer the relevant departments several operational recommendations which can accelerate the development of general hospital use of traditional Chinese medicine.
San Antonio: assessing the key account management system
Authors: Silva Javier Jorge O. , Zerboni Fernando , Prado Maricruz , Moscardi Natalia 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
This case illustrates the differences between customers and the occasions when conditions change and buyer-seller relationships fail. The key issue is to find ways to anticipate this problem with other clients.

Study level/applicability
It may be used in second-year courses of MBA marketing programs as well as in specific executive education programs dealing with key account management (KAM) systems, business strategy, industrial marketing and/or sales management courses. This case can also be used at undergraduate programs and courses dealing with sales, sales management, international business, and organizational behavior.

Case overview
In 2003, after Carlos Etcheverry joined San Antonio (SA) as Latin American Region Vice President, the company implanted a KAM System. SA's relationships with its two key clients, Vintage and Chevron, seemed to progress nicely until mid 2004, when Chevron's newly hired Purchasing Manager decided to change the company's commercial structure, rendering its purchasing process more bureaucratic and extremely competitive. In March 2005, Etcheverry was to meet Chevron's purchasing manager, since Chevron had decided to reassign a service contract through a new invitation to bid, leaving San Antonio out. The case puts forth the questions faced by Etcheverry at the time of the meeting: How had San Antonio come to jeopardize a key account? Would SA's organization need a change? Was this the only solution available? What other factors should be considered?

Expected learning outcomes
This case may help students to: understand the complexity of key account management (KAM) system implementation, sales force concepts and business-to-business relationships; and analyze the difficulties faced by companies upon implementing a change in their sales strategies and the effects of this change on the sales force, corporate culture and the organization as a whole management system.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes and a Technical note are available; also access to audio visual support with an interview to Carlos Etcheverry.