bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local government alcohol policy development: case studies in three New Zealand communities
Authors: Maclennan Brett , Kypri Kypros , Room Robin , Langley John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsLocal alcohol policies can be effective in reducing alcohol‐related harm. The aim of this study was to examine local government responses to alcohol‐related problems and identify factors influencing their development and adoption of alcohol policy.Designsettings and participantsCase studies were used to examine local government responses to alcohol problems in three New Zealand communities: a rural town, a provincial city and a metropolitan city. Newspaper reports, local government documents and key informant interviews were used to collect data which were analysed using two conceptual frameworks: Kingdon's Streams model and the Stakeholder model of policy development.MeasurementsKey informant narratives were categorized according to the concepts of the Streams and Stakeholder models.FindingsKingdon's theoretical concepts associated with increased likelihood of policy change seemed to apply in the rural and metropolitan communities. The political environment in the provincial city, however, was not favourable to the adoption of alcohol restrictions. The Stakeholder model highlighted differences between the communities in terms of power over agenda‐setting and conflict between politicians and bureaucrats over policy solutions to alcohol‐related harm. These differences were reflected in the ratio of policies considered versus adopted in each location. Decisions on local alcohol policies lie ultimately with local politicians, although the policies that can be adopted by local government are restricted by central government legislation.ConclusionsThe adoption of policies and strategies to reduce alcohol‐related harm may be better facilitated by an agenda‐setting process where no ‘gate‐keepers’ determine what is included into the agenda, and community mobilization efforts to create competitive local government elections around alcohol issues. Policy adoption would also be facilitated by more enabling central government legislation.
Impulsivity trajectories and gambling in adolescence among urban male youth
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Lee Grace P. , Goldweber Asha , Petras Hanno , Storr Carla L. , Ialongo Nicholas S. , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimBuilding on the recent emerging literature on the impulsivity trajectory–gambling association, this study investigated the association between developmental trajectories of teacher‐rated impulsivity in early adolescence (ages 11–15 years) and subsequent gambling and gambling problems (i.e. at‐risk and problem gambling) by age 19.DesignProspective cohort design.SettingUrban communities in Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsThe sample consists of 310 predominately minority (87%) and low socio‐economic status (SES) (70%) males followed from first grade to late adolescence.MeasurementsImpulsivity was measured using teacher ratings of classroom behavior. Self‐reported gambling behavior was assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Screen‐Revised for Adolescents (SOGS‐RA).FindingsResults from a conventional growth model suggest that the intercept of the impulsivity development (as measured by the repeated assessments of impulsivity across the entire developmental period) was associated significantly with gambling. Results from a general growth mixture model evidenced two distinct trajectories: a high impulsivity trajectory (41% of the sample) and a low impulsivity trajectory (59% of the sample). Despite its non‐significant association with any gambling, heterogeneity in impulsivity development was associated significantly with gambling problems. Specifically, being in the high impulsivity trajectory doubled the odds of meeting criteria for at‐risk or problem gambling [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 4.27)] and tripled the odds of meeting criteria for problem gambling (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.02, 7.91).ConclusionsDevelopment in impulsivity is associated strongly with problem/at‐risk gambling in adolescence among urban male youth. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing gambling problems from any gambling when evaluating programs aimed at reducing youth gambling problems through reducing impulsivity.
Drove roads as local biodiversity reservoirs: effects on landscape pattern and plant communities in a Mediterranean region
Authors: Azcárate Francisco M. , Robleño Irene , Seoane Javier , Manzano Pablo , Peco Begoña 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQuestionWhat are the effects of traditional drove roads on landscape pattern and plant communities?LocationMadrid Autonomous Region, Central Spain.MethodsWe selected four study localities in different landscape units. Within each locality, we selected eight sites and within each site, we established three 1‐ha plots, each corresponding to one of three situations: drove road, adjacent matrix or distant matrix. The landscape pattern of each plot was characterized by the cover of the different patch types, the patch type richness ha−1 and the patch type evenness ha−1. At one site per locality, we also recorded vegetation by randomly distributing twenty 20 cm × 20 cm quadrats per plot. We characterized each quadrat by its species richness, plant species composition and plant functional composition. We also analysed species richness by constructing rarefaction curves for each plot.ResultsIn the localities situated in croplands, sub‐mediterranean forests and coniferous forests, drove roads were found to be an important source of spatial heterogeneity and a reservoir for a large number of plant species. In contrast, drove roads did not differ from the matrix habitats in rangelands, suggesting that the processes shaping drove road vegetation are similar to the general processes that shape grazed systems. Drove roads did not imply a significant increase in functional diversity. Our results were heavily scale‐dependent: while drove roads provided heterogeneity at the local scale, they showed a remarkable similarity at the large scale.ConclusionsDrove roads act as authentic local biodiversity reservoirs, especially in environments with low grazing levels. At the same time, drove roads imply structural and functional continuity on a large scale, increasing potential connectivity at the regional level. We recommend the preservation of drove roads in a functional state, because of their benefits to plant biodiversity conservation, and claim that these benefits should be considered when designing livestock policies with different intensification scenarios.
The quality of life construct in bipolar disorder research and practice: past, present, and possible futures
Authors: Murray Greg , Michalak Erin E 
Published: November 2012

Murray G, Michalak EE. The quality of life construct in bipolar disorder research and practice: past, present, and possible futures.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 793–796. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.The quality of life (QoL) construct is becoming more prominent in bipolar disorder (BD) research and practice. Uptake of the construct parallels an earlier trend in schizophrenia research, and coincides with growing interest in psychosocial components of BD’s aetiology, phenomenology, and treatment. We argue that, although QoL and symptom measures derive from competing paradigms in mental health (the biopsychosocial and medical model, respectively), they are best seen as complementary. This pluralistic stance is clinically appropriate, and generates important questions for future research.
A prospective cohort study of non‐fatal accidental overdose among street youth: The link with suicidal ideation
Authors: Richer Isabelle , Bertrand Karine , Vandermeerschen Jill , Roy Élise 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDrug overdose and suicide are the two leading causes of death among street youth. The literature discusses the two faces of drug overdose: accidental act and suicide attempt. Some authors have stated that accidental overdoses may be a hidden expression of suicidal ideation. This study longitudinally examined the relationship between recent suicidal ideations and non‐fatal accidental drug overdoses among street youth.Design and MethodsBetween July 2001 and December 2005, 858 street youth (14–23 years old) were recruited for a prospective cohort study. Youth were eligible if, in the previous year, they had been without a place to sleep more than once or had used the services of street youth agencies on a regular basis (≥3). Participants completed baseline questionnaires and follow‐up interviews were carried out every 6 months. Mixed‐effect logistic regression models were conducted. Apart from suicidal ideation and accidental drug overdose, variables considered in the model were age, sex, problematic alcohol use, homelessness, injection drug use and polydrug use (≥3 drugs).ResultsAccidental drug overdose was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio 1.88; 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.54). Homelessness, injection drug use and polydrug use were also significant in the final model.Discussion and ConclusionsResults show that, during follow up, suicidal ideation independently increased risks of accidental overdose. They also underscore the need for interventions beyond educational prevention. Primary care practitioners should investigate suicidal ideations and behaviours of street youth in treatment for accidental overdose. [Richer I, Bertrand K, Vandermeerschen J, Roy É. A prospective cohort study of non‐fatal accidental overdose among street youth: The link with suicidal ideation. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:398‐404]
Association between dental trauma and alcohol use among adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Filho Paulo M. , Jorge Kelly O. , Ferreira Efigênia F. , Ramos‐Jorge Maria L. , Tataounoff Juliana , Zarzar Patrícia M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between dental trauma and alcohol use among adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out involving a clinical exam performed by a calibrated researcher (intra‐examiner Kappa = 0.93) and a self‐administered questionnaire. The sample was representative of schoolchildren from the city of Diamantina (Brazil) and was made up of 738 adolescents. The type of school (public or private) was used as a socioeconomic indicator. Information on alcohol use (high risk and hazardous use) was acquired through the administration of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, which has been validated for use in Brazil.ResultsThe prevalence of dental trauma was 26.6%, and the prevalence of dangerous alcohol use was 44.3%. Dental trauma was significantly associated with a high risk of problems related to alcohol intake (P = 0.031), hazardous alcohol use (P = 0.009) and binge drinking (P = 0.036). The results of the Poisson logistic regression revealed that hazardous alcohol use [PR = 1.30 (95% CI: 1.01–1.66) P = 0.042] remained associated with dental trauma independently from age, gender, overjet, and type of school.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of dental trauma found among adolescents in the city of Diamantina (Brazil) was greater among those at high risk for problems related to alcohol intake and was significantly associated with hazardous alcohol use.
Dynamic computed tomography appearance of tumor response after stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: How should we evaluate treatment effects?
Authors: Kimura Tomoki , Takahashi Shigeo , Kenjo Masahiro , Nishibuchi Ikuno , Takahashi Ippei , Takeuchi Yuki , Doi Yoshiko , Kaneyasu Yuko , Murakami Yuji , Honda Yoji , Aikata Hiroshi , Chayama Kazuaki , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: November 2012

AimTo evaluate the dynamic computed tomography (CT) appearance of tumor response after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reconsider response evaluation criteria for SBRT that determine treatment outcomes.MethodsFifty‐nine patients with 67 tumors were included in the study. Of these, 56 patients with 63 tumors underwent transarterial chemoembolization using lipiodol prior to SBRT that was performed using a 3‐D conformal method (median, 48 Gy/four fractions). Dynamic CT scans were performed in four phases, and tumor response was evaluated by comparing tumor appearance on CT prior SBRT and at least 6 months after SBRT. The median follow‐up time was 12 months.ResultsThe dynamic CT appearance of tumor response was classified into the following: type 1, continuous lipiodol accumulation without early arterial enhancement (26 lesions, 38.8%); type 2, residual early arterial enhancement within 3 months after SBRT (17 lesions, 25.3%); type 3, residual early arterial enhancement more than 3 months after SBRT (19 lesions, 28.4%); and type 4, shrinking low‐density area without early arterial enhancement (five lesions, 7.5%). Only two tumors with residual early arterial enhancement did not demonstrate remission more than 6 months after SBRT.ConclusionThe dynamic CT appearance after SBRT for HCC was classified into four types. Residual early arterial enhancement disappeared within 6 months in most type 3 cases; therefore, early assessment within 3 months may result in a misleading response evaluation.
The location of paravertebral catheters placed using the landmark technique
Authors: Luyet C. , Siegenthaler A. , Szucs‐Farkas Z. , Hummel G. , Eichenberger U. , Vogt A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the location of paravertebral catheters that were placed using the classical landmark puncture technique and to correlate the distribution of contrast dye injected through the catheters with the extent of somatic block. Paravertebral catheter placement was attempted in 31 patients after video‐assisted thoracic surgery. In one patient, an ultrasound‐guided approach was chosen after failed catheter placement using the landmark method. A fluoroscopic examination in two planes using contrast dye was followed by injection of local anaesthetic and subsequent clinical testing of the extent of the anaesthetised area. In nine patients (29%), spread of contrast dye was not seen within the paravertebral space as intended. Misplaced catheters were in the epidural space (three patients), in the erector spinae musculature (five patients), and in the pleural space (one patient). There was also a discrepancy between the radiological findings and the observed distribution of loss of sensation. We have demonstrated an unacceptably high misplacement rate of paravertebral catheters using the landmark method. Additional research is required to compare the efficacy and safety of continuous paravertebral block using ultrasound‐guided techniques or surgical inserted catheters.
Downhole interferometric illumination diagnosis and balancing
Authors: van der Neut Joost 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWith seismic interferometry or the virtual source method, controlled sources can be redatumed from the Earth’s surface to generate so‐called virtual sources at downhole receiver locations. Generally this is done by cross‐correlation of the recorded downhole data and stacking over source locations. By studying the retrieved data at zero time lag, downhole illumination conditions that determine the virtual source radiation pattern can be analysed without a velocity model. This can be beneficial for survey planning in time‐lapse experiments. Moreover, the virtual source radiation pattern can be corrected by multi‐dimensional deconvolution or directional balancing. Such an approach can help to improve virtual source repeatability, posing major advantages for reservoir monitoring. An algorithm is proposed for so‐called illumination balancing (being closely related to directional balancing). It can be applied to single‐component receiver arrays with limited aperture below a strongly heterogeneous overburden. The algorithm is demonstrated on synthetic 3D elastic data to retrieve time‐lapse amplitude attributes.
Preserved‐traveltime smoothing
Authors: Vinje V. , Stovas A. , Reynaud D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMost ray‐based migration and tomography methods require a certain degree of smoothness of the depth velocity model. Since smoothing changes the velocity model, it is generally impossible to preserve the traveltime between all pairs of points in the model. Using conventional smoothing, the traveltime errors are particularly large at discontinuities in the velocity model. These errors are offset‐dependent and they cause errors in both the depth and residual moveout (RMO) of depth migrated images. Here we propose a new method, Preserved‐Traveltime Smoothing (PTS) with an objective of preserving traveltimes (and hence depths) at these discontinuities. This is accomplished by smoothing of velocity moments for anisotropic models using a specific cross‐correlation filter with the desired smoothness properties. The method is valid for isotropic, transversely isotropic with vertical symmetry axis (VTI) and structural transverse isotropic (STI) models. The variations of the model parameters perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the anisotropy are assumed to be small.
Proteolysis characteristics of Actinomucor elegans and Rhizopus oligosporus extracellular proteases under acidic conditions
Authors: Li Jingjing , Li Li 
Published: November 2012

SummaryEnzymatic hydrolysis of soybean protein isolate by the extracellular proteases from Actinomucor elegans and Rhizopus oligosporus at pH 3.0, 3.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 was investigated. The activity of the A. elegans protease is lower than that of R. oligosporus, but both proteases exhibit considerable degradation of soybean protein at pH 5.5 and 6.0. The water‐soluble protein content and the degree of hydrolysis of the hydrolysates are increased significantly, and bitterness values are very low. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) reveals that these proteases have different cutting sites on peptide polymers. At pH 5.5, there is a lower content of total free amino acids (39.20 mg per 100 mL; 62.68% hydrophobic amino acids) in the R. oligosporus protease hydrolysate. In conclusion, treatment with R. oligosporus protease at pH 5.5 achieves efficient degradation of soybean protein, suggesting a promising industrial process for making bitterless protein hydrolysates.
Deterioration due to delayed icing and its impacts on the nutritional quality of Malabar travally (Carangoides malabaricus)
Authors: Jeyasanta K. I. , Prakash, Sinduja , Carol G. R. , Patterson Jamila 
Published: November 2012

SummaryEffect of delayed icing of the fish Carangoides malabaricus was assessed using chemical and microbial methods to determine the impacts on the nutritional quality and sensory changes. The shelf life of the fishes iced immediately after harvest had a shelf life of 18 days, whereas the delay of icing for 4, 6, 8 and 10 h shortened the shelf life to 14, 10, 6 and 3 days respectively. The spoilage indicators, such as trimethylamine nitrogen, Total volatile basic nitrogen, free fatty acids, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid and pH values, significantly increased (P < 0.05) during the storage period of fishes with delayed icing. The total bacterial count also increased during the storage period and due to quality deterioration, the protein and lipid contents were found significantly low (P < 0.05). This study showed that chemical and microbial changes of the sample are well correlated with nutritional and sensory qualities so that immediate icing is important for maintaining the quality and shelf life of C. malabaricus.
Chemical composition, in vitro starch digestibility and amino acid analysis of a underexplored kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L.) grown in Chongqing, China
Authors: Liu, Beiyu , Peng, Jiaying , Zhang, Shurong , Zou Boyu , Zhong Geng 
Published: November 2012

SummaryChemical composition, mineral analysis, in vitro starch digestibility, and amino acid analysis of a kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L.), grown in Chongqing, China, were carried out in 2011. The results showed that the bean flour contained low reducing sugar (0.79%) and fat (2.72%), but high protein (24.8%) and starch (44.84%). Mineral analysis indicated high Mg and Ca contents with low Na/K ratio (0.04). The proportions of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) were 39.64%, 41.46% and 18.90% respectively. And the variation in their proportions, along with prolonged heating time, showed increase in RDS, and decrease in SDS and RS, but the SDS + RS amount can still account for major parts (51.63%) of the total starch after a 90‐min pre‐cooking. Comparing the amino acid contents of the bean sample with recommended profile FAO/WHO/UNU (1985), the results fulfil the standard except threonine and lysine, whose contents are slightly lower than the requirements (0.93 and 0.85).
Survival of three Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates in fish products after hot smoking and frying
Authors: Klanicova Barbora , Lorencova Alena , Makovcova Jitka , Vlkova Hana , Kralik Petr , Pavlik Ivo , Slany Michal 
Published: November 2012

SummaryFish mycobacteriosis should be considered as one possible means of transmission of mycobacterial infections to humans. In our study, we examined the survival of three field Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) isolates in fish meat during thermal processing technologies using culture and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) methods. Minced carp meat mixture was artificially contaminated with known amount of MAH cells and survival and absolute numbers of MAH was monitored after hot smoking and frying. The viability of MAH was significantly lower after the frying process, whereas in response to hot smoking viable MAH cells could still be cultured even after 10 min at 70 °C. Significant differences in thermal stability were also observed among the three different MAH isolates. The human isolate was the most resistant, whereas the environmental isolate was the least resistant, which is probably due to host adaptability. In this work we confirmed that MAH can survive temperatures of 70 °C and thus can pose a risk to consumers.
Composition and properties of starches from Virginia‐grown kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars
Authors: Xu Yixiang , Sismour Edward N. , Narina Satya S. , Dean Donnica , Bhardwaj Harbans L. , Li Zhenxing 
Published: November 2012

SummaryComposition and properties of seeds and starches from five Virginia‐grown kabuli chickpea cultivars were investigated. The seeds had the average weight of 4.48 g per 10 g and volume of 641.2 mm3, and were rich in carbohydrate with starch as a principal constituent (59.2–70.9%). Resistant starch accounted for 7.7–10.4% of the total starch content. The composition and properties of the starches among the five cultivars were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). All starches had a C‐type crystalline structure. The degree of crystallinity ranged from 21.1% to 27.4%, gelatinisation temperature from 7.97 to 11.2 °C and gelatinisation enthalpies from 2.18 to 3.76 J g−1, and water absorption capacities from 90.7% to 117.5%. Different shapes and granule sizes were observed. Molecular weight of amylopectin was in the range of 6.35 × 108–11.6 × 108 Da. Cultivar ‘HB‐14’ was superior to the other cultivars, when combining larger seed size, higher resistant starch level and better properties.