bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophages directly kill bladder cancer cells through TNF signaling as an early response to BCG therapy
Authors: Martínez-López Mayra Fernanda , de Almeida Cátia Rebelo , Fontes Márcia , Mendes Raquel Valente , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Fior Rita 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the oldest cancer immunotherapeutic agent in use. Despite its effectiveness, its initial mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we elucidate the earliest cellular mechanisms involved in BCG-induced tumor clearance. We developed a fast preclinical in vivo assay to visualize in real time and at single-cell resolution the initial interactions among bladder cancer cells, BCG and innate immunity using the zebrafish xenograft model. We show that BCG induced the recruitment and polarization of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, accompanied by induction of the inflammatory cytokines tnfa, il1b and il6 in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages directly induced apoptosis of human cancer cells through zebrafish TNF signaling. Macrophages were crucial for this response as their depletion completely abrogated the BCG-induced phenotype. Contrary to the general concept that macrophage anti-tumoral activities mostly rely on stimulating an effective adaptive response, we demonstrate that macrophages alone can induce tumor apoptosis and clearance. Thus, our results revealed an additional step to the BCG-induced tumor immunity model, while providing proof-of-concept experiments demonstrating the potential of this unique model to test innate immunomodulators.
Management of metacarpal shaft fractures
Authors: Taha Rowa , Davis Tim , Montgomery Alan , Karantana Alexia 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of metacarpal shaft fractures (MSFs), assess variation in treatment and complications following standard care, document hospital resource use, and explore factors associated with treatment modality.MethodsA multicentre, cross-sectional retrospective study of MSFs at six centres in the UK. We collected and analyzed healthcare records, operative notes, and radiographs of adults presenting within ten days of a MSF affecting the second to fifth metacarpal between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2017. Total emergency department (ED) attendances were used to estimate prevalence.ResultsA total of 793 patients (75% male, 25% female) with 897 MSFs were included, comprising 0.1% of 837,212 ED attendances. The annual incidence of MSF was 40 per 100,000. The median age was 27 years (IQR 21 to 41); the highest incidence was in men aged 16 to 24 years. Transverse fractures were the most common. Over 80% of all fractures were treated non-surgically, with variation across centres. Overall, 12 types of non-surgical and six types of surgical treatment were used. Fracture pattern, complexity, displacement, and age determined choice of treatment. Patients who were treated surgically required more radiographs and longer radiological and outpatient follow-up, and were more likely to be referred for therapy. Complications occurred in 5% of patients (39/793). Most patients attended planned follow-up, with 20% (160/783) failing to attend at least one or more clinic appointments.ConclusionMSFs are common hand injuries among young, working (economically active) men, but there is considerable heterogeneity in treatment, rehabilitation, and resource use. They are a burden on healthcare resources and society, thus further research is needed to optimize treatment.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):652–661.
Characteristics of an ion beam in the figuring process on an optical ultra-low expansion glass surface
Authors: Wu Hsing-Yu , Shen Li-Siang , Huang Shao-Rong , Lin Wen-Wei , Hsiao Li-Jen , Cheng Ching-Ling , Yu Guo-Yu , Sun Yung-Shin , Hsu Jin-Cherng 
Published: August 2024

In this study, an ion source figured out the surface of a glass-ceramic material with an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient for space optical elements. The investigation of the single-point, line, and square figuring patterns assessed the detailed characteristics of the ion beam. At a fixed ion beam current and processing time, a beam voltage of 600 V led to the greatest removal depth with the narrowest full width at half-maximum (FWHM). The surface roughness under different beam voltages was also examined and discussed. Line figuring with an ion beam voltage of 600 V and a one-dimensional sample moving speed of 0.25 mm/s exhibited a maximum depth removal rate of 19.71 nm/min after being polished 15 times. Two-dimensional square figuring was performed to polish a plane mirror with a diameter of 60 mm, and it successfully reduced its surface’s peak-to-valley value to 18 nm due to the melting heat phenomenon of the glass-ceramic material in ion beam figuring (IBF).
Two-photon polymerization-based fabrication of millimeter-sized precision Fresnel optics
Authors: Marx Jan , Behlau Felix , Haske Damian , Esen Cemal , Ostendorf Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is known to be the most precise and highest resolution additive manufacturing process for printing optics, but its applicability is restricted to a few applications due to the limited size of printable objects and low throughput. The presented work is intended to demonstrate the performance of printing millimeter-scale optics by implementing appropriate stitching methods into a setup that combines a Galvo scanner and translational axes. In this work, specifically, Fresnel axicons with a diameter of 3.5 mm are manufactured by 2PP to substantiate the applicability of the process. Manufacturing Fresnel optics instead of volumetric optics allows for attaining acceptable process times with durations of tens of hours highlighting the appeal of 2PP for rapid prototyping in optics. The suitability of the Fresnel axicons for beam shaping is confirmed through illumination with a laser beam. The resulting ring-shaped intensity distribution in the far field behind the Fresnel axicon is captured using a beam profiler. Furthermore, the influence of different stitching parameters on the resulting intensity distribution is investigated. The experimental results are validated by simulations, where the intensity distribution in the far field behind an axicon was calculated by Fourier transformation. Simulations were carried out to discuss the effect of manufacturing errors on the far field intensity distribution.
Configurable microcavity-enhanced graphene photothermoelectric terahertz detectors
Authors: Yao Yifan , Cai Miao , Fu Jingjing , Hou Shicong , Cai Yating , He Fei , Guo Xuguang , Zhu Yiming 
Published: August 2024

Terahertz (THz) detectors with high sensitivity, fast response speed, room temperature operation, and self-powered feature are the key component for many THz applications. Microcavity resonators can effectively improve the sensitivity of THz detectors. However, it is difficult to precisely evaluate the microcavity resonator induced such improvement in experiment. Here, we realize a configurable microcavity–antenna-integrated graphene photothermoelectric (PTE) THz detector. Through the microcavity–antenna hybrid structure, THz radiations are localized and enhanced at one end of the graphene channel, and the temperature difference along the channel is greatly increased, resulting in the strong enhancement of PTE response. At the resonant frequency, the device has a high responsivity (976 V/W), low noise equivalent power (2.87  pW/Hz1/2), and fast response speed (300 ns) at room temperature and in zero-bias operation mode. The microcavity-induced peak enhancement factor of 13.14 is accurately extracted. The microcavity–antenna introduced enhancement is further confirmed by using a two-temperature heat transfer model. The strategy of using a configurable microcavity is useful for further optimizing THz detectors by introducing the critical coupling mechanism.
The role of palbociclib on the alterations in CDKN2, CCNE1, E2F3, MDM2 expressions as target genes of miR-141
Authors: Baziyar Mohammad Ali , Hosseini Arshad , Jandel Farinush 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
According to WHO, Breast cancer is widely considered to be the first or second cause of cancer-related death almost universally. Cell cycle disruption, either in the form of uncontrolled expression of cyclins or because of the suspension in negative regulatory proteins (CDK inhibitors), was found to cause breast cancer. Palbociclib as specific CDK4/6 inhibitor is used for the treatment of ER+ metastatic cancers. In this study, we are looking to investigate the effect of palbociclib on breast cancer cells and evaluate the changes in the expression of some genes involved in the cell cycle as target genes of miR-141 after treatment with this drug. We used MCF7 as functional estrogen and non-invasive and MDA-MB-231 cell lines as triple-negative type of breast cancer and a model for more aggressive.

Method & materials
MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium. After counting cells and measuring viability, Palbociclib was administered at varying doses using the IC50 obtained from MTT, with the treatment given at two time points of 24 and 72 hours. RNA was extracted from untreated and treated cells and RNAs were converted to cDNA in the end. Gene expression changes were investigated by real-time PCR. Data management and analysis were conducted using GraphPad Prism 5.01 software.

Result and conclusion
Among investigated genes, E2F3 gene was not significantly affected by Palbociclib in any of cell lines and time points. Besides, the expression of CCNE1 gene was significantly suppressed. It seems this drug was unable to reduce the expression of MDM2 gene significantly in triple negative (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells; however, a decrease was observed in luminal A (MCF-7) cells. CDKN2A and miR-141 genes expression increased significantly after treatment which can be aligned with palbociclib in proliferation inhibition.
Association between the systemic immune-inflammation index and obesity among adults: Insights from the NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Yu Yanmei , Tan Tongcai , Yang Wei , Xu Zhitao , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2024

Background
Inflammation is an important causative factor of obesity. This study aimed to explore the possible association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index, a novel indicator of inflammation, and obesity.

Methods
Data were collected from 4395 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 aged ≥ 20 years. The systemic immune-inflammatory index was calculated by multiplying the platelet count by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2.

Results
A significant positive correlation was observed between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and body mass index following multivariate linear regression analysis (β = 1.75; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–2.33), which was greatest in adults aged < 60 years without hypertension and diabetes. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to characterize the nonlinear association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and body mass index, and the inflection point was found to be 729.3.

Conclusions
The systemic immune-inflammatory index is positively associated with body mass index among adults in the United States and has the potential to enhance efforts to prevent adult obesity.
Predicting treatment response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression using auditory mismatch negativity: Study protocol
Authors: Martin Josh , Gholamali Nezhad Fatemeh , Rueda Alice , Lee Gyu Hee , Charlton Colleen E. , Soltanzadeh Milad , Ladha Karim S. , Krishnan Sridhar , Diaconescu Andreea O. , Bhat Venkat 
Published: August 2024

Background
Ketamine has recently attracted considerable attention for its rapid effects on patients with major depressive disorder, including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Despite ketamine’s promising results in treating depression, a significant number of patients do not respond to the treatment, and predicting who will benefit remains a challenge. Although its antidepressant effects are known to be linked to its action as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, the precise mechanisms that determine why some patients respond and others do not are still unclear.

Objective
This study aims to understand the computational mechanisms underlying changes in the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) response following treatment with intravenous ketamine. Moreover, we aim to link the computational mechanisms to their underlying neural causes and use the parameters of the neurocomputational model to make individual treatment predictions.

Methods
This is a prospective study of 30 patients with TRD who are undergoing intravenous ketamine therapy. Prior to 3 out of 4 ketamine infusions, EEG will be recorded while patients complete the auditory MMN task. Depression, suicidality, and anxiety will be assessed throughout the study and a week after the last ketamine infusion. To translate the effects of ketamine on the MMN to computational mechanisms, we will model changes in the auditory MMN using the hierarchical Gaussian filter, a hierarchical Bayesian model. Furthermore, we will employ a conductance-based neural mass model of the electrophysiological data to link these computational mechanisms to their neural causes.

Conclusion
The findings of this study may improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying response and resistance to ketamine treatment in patients with TRD. The parameters obtained from fitting computational models to EEG recordings may facilitate single-patient treatment predictions, which could provide clinically useful prognostic information.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05464264. Registered June 24, 2022.
State of lifestyle medicine education in Saudi medical schools: A descriptive study
Authors: Almansour Mohammed , Alzaben Abeer Salman , Aljammaz Sadeem Abdulaziz , Alzahrani Hayat Saleh 
Published: August 2024

Background
Lifestyle medicine (LM) is a patient-centric, evidence-based clinical practice supporting adopting and sustaining of healthy behaviours and improving health-related living standards. Unfortunately, even in developed nations, medical curricula have largely ignored the LM concepts. Some LM components have been incorporated into the medical curriculum in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to determine the general status of teaching LM competency domains in undergraduate curricula in medical colleges.

Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted in English and distributed from January to March 2022. In this study, only administrative position holders were included. The administrative directors (such as deans, vice-deans, and program directors) play a significant role and are responsible for policymaking in medical education. There are 38 undergraduate medical programs across private and public medical colleges in Saudi Arabia. MCQs, OSCE, Essay, SEQ/SAQ, Assignments, and OSPE, were the assessment techniques of the LM domains.

Results
The response rate of the survey was 78.3%. Of all respondents, 61% were aware of LM domains. Twenty-four colleges teach one or more of the LM domains; the nutrition domain was the most common one. Mostly followed the traditional method (75%) and small group learning activities (71%). Programs also used large group learning activities and clinical teaching (35% each), followed by practical laboratory activities (19%) and other methods on very few occasions.

Conclusion
The current study also shows that LM is not taught effectively in medical schools in Saudi Arabia, although the results illustrate an increased interest and awareness among administrators. This study identified the general situation of teaching LM in medical schools. These findings provide valuable insights for shaping the future direction of medical education.
Los elementos formales del mandala: sus expresiones plásticas en la educación de las Bellas Artes a partir de C. G. Jung
Authors: León-Río Belén 
Published: August 2024

El inconsciente está lleno de gérmenes de futuras situaciones psíquicas e ideas creativas, donde el artista plástico busca inspiración, produciendo una numerosa simbología que tiene que ver con la evolución de nuestra consciencia. En este artículo analizaremos en concreto el arquetipo mandala, por ser un símbolo con mucha presencia e importancia en el mundo del arte. A lo largo de investigaciones realizadas durante 20 años con más de 1.000 alumnos que cursaban su primer año en Bellas Artes, hemos encontrando en sus experiencias artísticas gran abundancia de elementos formales que se repetían, o la presencia de estructuras análogas a los arquetipos mandálicos de los pacientes de C. G. Jung, lo que demostraría que el ser humano puede ver más allá de la superficie de las cosas, mediante estos símbolos, portadores de significado en sí mismos.
Digitalisierung im Forschungsmanagement – Potenziale, Herausforderungen & Entscheidungsmodelle
Authors: Azeroual Otmane 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das digitale Zeitalter ist geprägt von rasanter Entwicklung, Wachstum, Innovation und Disruption. Organisationen müssen sich an die neue digitale Landschaft anpassen, um wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. Die digitale Transformation umfasst mehr als nur die Implementierung neuer Technologien. Eine digitale Transformationsstrategie ist eine Planung, wie Organisationen IT-Technologien und -Methoden nutzen können, um neue Werte zu schaffen und das Wachstum voranzutreiben. Die Entwicklung und Umsetzung einer solchen Strategie ist für viele Organisationen im Forschungsmanagement von zentraler Bedeutung. In diesem Artikel diskutieren wir die technologischen Potenziale und Herausforderungen der digitalen Transformation und schlagen ein Entscheidungsmodell unter Verwendung von Transformationstechnologien vor.
Can Environmental or Local Information Help Manage an Invasive Species Through Consumption?
Authors: Lucas Sterenn , Ropars-Collet Carole , Cuilleret Mathieu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The consumption of invasive species could be an opportunity to regulate these species to limit the negative environmental impacts. However, the commercialisation of an exogenous species raises several questions. We assess the acceptance of wels catfish, an invasive species in an alpine lake, and the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmentally friendly and locally produced wels catfish products. The results show that knowledge is an important dimension to explain consumption. Informing consumers about an environmental or local dimension increases WTP for wels catfish, but it does not increase product acceptance. There is no additional premium when both types of information are used together.
Optimization of cutting parameters in manufacturing of polymeric materials for flexible two-phase thermal management systems
Authors: Der Oguzhan , Ordu Muhammed , Basar Gokhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research study with an extensive literature review represents a comprehensive multi-criteria analysis for optimizing the cutting parameters in the manufacturing of flexible two-phase passive thermal management systems (FTP-TMS) using thermoplastic materials. Recognizing the critical role of thermoplastics in FTP-TMS due to their inherent flexibility and lightweight properties, this research focuses on the precision cutting of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride using CO2 laser technology. The study is structured into three distinct phases. Initially, an experimental setup was conducted to cut 2 mm thick thermoplastic materials with varying power and cutting speed parameters. Subsequently, the SWARA method was employed to weight the criteria, followed by the application of seven different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for optimization. The final phase involved a detailed analysis of the outputs, including ranking, correlation, and sensitivity analyses. The findings indicate that cutting polypropylene with a 90 W power setting and a speed of 15 mm s−1 yields the most optimal results. This study fills a significant gap in the existing literature by providing a dedicated analysis for thermoplastics in FTP-TMS manufacturing. The insights gained are pivotal for standardizing manufacturing practices and enhancing the design and fabrication of flexible thermal management solutions, offering substantial benefits to sectors like electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries.
La consideración y afirmación positiva: recurso del psicoterapeuta
Authors: Castaño Rodríguez Melissa , Gómez Giraldo Vanessa , Ospina Botero Mireya 
Published: August 2024

Consideration and positive affirmation is classified by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as one of the most effective therapeutic skills in the clinical area. Therefore, the present research aimed to understand the way in which positive regard and affirmation unfolds: its scope and challenges in clinical practice in two psychotherapists of the clinical specialization; emphasis is placed on psychotherapy with children and adolescents. A qualitative case study methodology was implemented; for this purpose, recordings of the first four intervention sessions of two psychotherapists were used. For the analysis of this material, an observation instrument was constructed and validated by three expert researchers. For the analysis of the information, discussion sessions were held. The results show how the psychotherapists, making use of this resource, generated in the clients: openness, adherence, and perceptions of feeling valued.
Low-Resource Hospital Days for Children Following New Tracheostomy
Authors: Cecil Cara A. , Dziorny Adam C. , Hall Matt , Kane Jason M. , Kohne Joseph , Olszewski Aleksandra E. , Rogerson Colin M. , Slain Katherine N. , Toomey Vanessa , Goodman Denise M. , Heneghan Julia A. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children with new tracheostomy and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) require transitional care involving caregiver education and nursing support. To better understand hospital resource use during this transition, our study aimed to: (1) define and characterize low-resource days (LRDs) for this population and (2) identify factors associated with LRD occurrence.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort analysis included children ≤21 years with new tracheostomy and IMV dependence admitted to an ICU from 2017 to 2022 using the Pediatric Health Information System database. A LRD was defined as a post tracheostomy day that accrued nonroom charges &lt;10% of each patient’s accrued nonroom charges on postoperative day 1. Factors associated with LRDs were analyzed using negative binomial regression.

RESULTS
Among 4048 children, median post tracheostomy stay was 69 days (interquartile range 34–127.5). LRDs were common: 38.6% and 16.4% experienced ≥1 and ≥7 LRDs, respectively. Younger age at tracheostomy (0–7 days rate ratio [RR] 2.42 [1.67–3.51]; 8–28 days RR 1.8 (1.2–2.69) versus 29–365 days; Asian race (RR 1.5 [1.04–2.16]); early tracheostomy (0–7 days RR 1.56 [1.2–2.04]), and longer post tracheostomy hospitalizations (31–60 days RR 1.85 [1.44–2.36]; 61–90 days RR 2.14 [1.58–2.91]; &gt;90 days RR 2.21 [1.71–2.86]) were associated with more LRDs.

CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 1 in 6 children experienced ≥7 LRDs. Younger age, early tracheostomy, Asian race, and longer hospital stays were associated with increased risk of LRDs. Understanding the postacute phase, including bed utilization, serves as an archetype to explore care models for children with IMV dependence.