bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registration and credit in seventeenth-century England
Authors: Ito Seiichiro 
Published: May 2013

The English law reform movement produced numerous proposals for land registries during the Interregnum, but the idea of land registration took on economic connotations only after the Restoration, when controversy arose over the role of registration as a settled and reliable basis of credit. While the discourse of law reform was confined to the context of English law, the debate over whether and how land registries should be established extended to the economic field, and to international arenas in which England competed with, and sometimes imitated, her rivals in trade, particularly Holland. On one side of the debate, advocates of land registration insisted that registries would clarify the ownership of land, offer a firm foundation for credit, and consequently, improve English trade. On the other side, opponents of registration argued that such excessive openness of information would be hazardous to credit. For both advocates and opponents alike, the central issue was the role of registration in creating more reliable credit.
Estimated prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among children aged 5–17 months in Yerevan, Armenia
Authors: Hovhannisyan Lilit , Demirchyan Anahit , Petrosyan Varduhi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveChild undernutrition is a serious public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries. Data on child undernutrition prevalence and its risk factors in Armenia are limited. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and explore the predictors of undernutrition among children aged 5–17 months in Yerevan.DesignThe study was cross-sectional and employed a review of the ambulatory charts of children selected through a multistage cluster sampling. This phase was followed by a case–control study. The cases were undernourished children identified during the record review and randomly matched with normally growing controls of the same age and gender from the same pool of records. Mothers of cases and controls participated in a telephone interview. The study used conditional logistic regression analysis.SettingYerevan, Armenia.SubjectsChildren aged 5–17 months residing in Yerevan, Armenia.ResultsReview of 570 ambulatory charts suggested the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among 5–17-month-old children in Yerevan to be 17·9 %, 7·3 % and 3·1 %, respectively. The case–control study of eighty-nine matched pairs identified four significant predictors of child undernutrition: family's socio-economic status score (P = 0·030), child's length at birth (P = 0·027), duration of predominant breast-feeding (P = 0·046) and food diversity score (P = 0·039).ConclusionsThe factors determining growth patterns of children in Yerevan are mostly behavioral and environmental, hence modifiable. Reducing poverty and inequalities in food availability, promoting breast-feeding and adequate complementary feeding, and ensuring optimal care before, during and after pregnancy are likely to help reduce child undernutrition in Yerevan, Armenia and societies with similar public health concerns.
Identifying and Correcting Scan Noise and Drift in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Jones Lewys , Nellist Peter D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope has great sensitivity to environmental or instrumental disturbances such as acoustic, mechanical, or electromagnetic interference. This interference can introduce distortions to the images recorded and degrade both signal noise and resolution performance. In addition, sample or stage drift can cause the images to appear warped and leads to unreliable lattice parameters being exhibited. Here a detailed study of the sources, natures, and effects of imaging distortions is presented, and from this analysis a piece of image reconstruction code has been developed that can restore the majority of the effects of these detrimental image distortions for atomic-resolution data. Example data are presented, and the performance of the restored images is compared quantitatively against the as-recorded data. An improvement in apparent resolution of 16% and an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of 30% were achieved, as well as correction of the drift up to the precision to which it can be measured.
The effects of brain serotonin deficiency on behavioural disinhibition and anxiety-like behaviour following mild early life stress
Authors: Sachs Benjamin D. , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Siesser William B. , Kenan Alexander , Royer Elizabeth L. , Jacobsen Jacob P. R. , Wetsel William C. , Caron Marc G. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Aberrant serotonin (5-HT) signalling and exposure to early life stress have both been suggested to play a role in anxiety- and impulsivity-related behaviours. However, whether congenital 5-HT deficiency × early life stress interactions influence the development of anxiety- or impulsivity-like behaviour has not been established. Here, we examined the effects of early life maternal separation (MS) stress on anxiety-like behaviour and behavioural disinhibition, a type of impulsivity-like behaviour, in wild-type (WT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) knock-in (Tph2KI) mice, which exhibit ∼60–80% reductions in the levels of brain 5-HT due to a R439H mutation in Tph2. We also investigated the effects of 5-HT deficiency and early life stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, plasma corticosterone levels and several signal transduction pathways in the amygdala. We demonstrate that MS slightly increases anxiety-like behaviour in WT mice and induces behavioural disinhibition in Tph2KI animals. We also demonstrate that MS leads to a slight decrease in cell proliferation within the hippocampus and potentiates corticosterone responses to acute stress, but these effects are not affected by brain 5-HT deficiency. However, we show that 5-HT deficiency leads to significant alterations in SGK-1 and GSK3β signalling and NMDA receptor expression in the amygdala in response to MS. Together, these findings support a potential role for 5-HT-dependent signalling in the amygdala in regulating the long-term effects of early life stress on anxiety-like behaviour and behavioural disinhibition.
Hippocampal and prefrontal dopamine D1/5 receptor involvement in the memory-enhancing effect of reboxetine
Authors: De Bundel Dimitri , Femenía Teresa , DuPont Caitlin M. , Konradsson-Geuken Åsa , Feltmann Kritin , Schilström Björn , Lindskog Maria 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Dopamine modulates cognitive functions through regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Thus, dopamine dysfunction in depression may be particularly relevant for the cognitive symptoms. The norepinephrine transporter inhibitor reboxetine facilitates memory processing in both healthy volunteers and in depressed patients and increases dopamine release in both the hippocampus and PFC. We investigated the potential involvement of the hippocampal and PFC dopamine D1/5 receptors in the cognitive effects of reboxetine using the object recognition test in rats. Infusion of the D1/5 antagonist SCH23390 into the dorsal hippocampus or medial PFC prior to the exploration of the objects impaired memory. Conversely, infusion of the D1/5 agonist SKF81297 into the dorsal hippocampus or medial PFC facilitated memory. Reboxetine similarly facilitated recognition memory in healthy rats and the D1/5 antagonist SCH23390 reversed this effect when infused into the dorsal PFC, but not when infused into the hippocampus. Moreover, systemic reboxetine increased the levels of the NMDA subunit GluN2A in the PFC but not in the hippocampus. Finally, we demonstrate that a single dose of reboxetine does not affect immobility in the forced swim test but improves recognition memory in the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat model for depression. The present data in rats are in line with effects of reboxetine on memory formation in healthy volunteers and depressed patients and indicate the involvement of PFC dopamine D1/5 receptors.
Controlled formation and reflection of a bright solitary matter-wave
Authors: Marchant A. L. , Billam T. P. , Wiles T. P. , Yu M. M. H. , Gardiner S. A. , Cornish S. L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBright solitons are non-dispersive wave solutions, arising in a diverse range of nonlinear, one-dimensional systems, including atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive interactions. In reality, cold-atom experiments can only approach the idealized one-dimensional limit necessary for the realization of true solitons. Nevertheless, it remains possible to create bright solitary waves, the three-dimensional analogue of solitons, which maintain many of the key properties of their one-dimensional counterparts. Such solitary waves offer many potential applications and provide a rich testing ground for theoretical treatments of many-body quantum systems. Here we report the controlled formation of a bright solitary matter-wave from a Bose–Einstein condensate of 85Rb, which is observed to propagate over a distance of ∼1.1 mm in 150 ms with no observable dispersion. We demonstrate the reflection of a solitary wave from a repulsive Gaussian barrier and contrast this to the case of a repulsive condensate, in both cases finding excellent agreement with theoretical simulations using the three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation.
Molecular evolution of peptidergic signaling systems in bilaterians
Authors: Mirabeau Olivier , Joly Jean-Stéphane 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Peptides and their specific receptors form molecular peptidergic systems (PSs) that are essential components of neuronal communication in the animal brain. Many PSs have been characterized in insects and mammals but their precise evolutionary relationship is not fully understood. We interrogated genomic sequence databases and used phylogenetic reconstruction tools to show that a large fraction of human PSs were already present in the last common ancestor of flies, mollusks, urchins, and mammals. Our analysis provides a comprehensive view of animal PSs that will pave the way for comparative studies leading to a better understanding of animal physiology and behavior.
A biased intruder in a dense quiescent medium: looking beyond the force–velocity relation
Authors: Bénichou Olivier , Illien Pierre , Mejía-Monasterio Carlos , Oshanin Gleb 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a biased intruder (BI) pulled by a constant force F through a dense molecular crowding environment modelled as a lattice gas of unbiased, randomly moving hard-core particles. Going beyond the usual analysis of the force–velocity relation (FVR), we focus on the behaviour of the higher moments of the BI vector displacement R

n
at time n (the FVR is just the first moment) in the leading order in the density ρ0 of vacancies (O(ρ0)). We prove that in infinite 2D systems the probability distribution P(R

n
) converges to a Gaussian as n → ∞, despite the fact that the BI drives the system into a non-equilibrium steady state with a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the lattice gas particles. We show that in infinite 2D systems the variance

of the distribution P(R

n
) along the direction of the bias grows (weakly) super-diffusively:

. In the direction perpendicular to the bias, the variance

. The coefficients ν1 and ν2, which we determine exactly for arbitrary bias in O(ρ0), mirror the interplay between the bias, vacancy-controlled transport and the back-flow effects of the medium on the BI. We observe that ν1 ∼ |F|2 for small bias, which signifies that the super-diffusive behaviour emerges beyond the linear-response approximation. We present analytical arguments showing that such an anomalous, field-induced broadening of fluctuations is dramatically enhanced in confined, quasi-1D geometries—infinite 2D stripes and 3D capillaries. We argue that in such systems,

exhibits a strongly super-diffusive behaviour,

. Monte Carlo simulations confirm our analytical results.
On isomorphisms of certain functors for Cherednik algebras
Authors: Losev Ivan 
Published: May 2013

Bezrukavnikov and Etingof introduced some functors between the categories

O

\mathcal {O}

for rational Cherednik algebras. Namely, they defined two induction functors

I
n
d

b

,

i
n
d

λ

\mathrm {Ind}_b, \mathrm {ind}_\lambda

and two restriction functors

R
e
s

b

,

r
e
s

λ

\mathrm {Res}_b,\mathrm {res}_\lambda

. They conjectured that one has functor isomorphisms

I
n
d

b

≅

i
n
d

λ

,

R
e
s

b

≅

r
e
s

λ

\mathrm {Ind}_b\cong \mathrm {ind}_\lambda , \mathrm {Res}_b\cong \mathrm {res}_\lambda

. The goal of this paper is to prove this conjecture.
Migration of saithe (Pollachius virens) in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Homrum Eydna í , Hansen Bogi , Jónsson Sigurður Þór , Michalsen Kathrine , Burgos Julian , Righton David , Steingrund Petur , Jakobsen Tore , Mouritsen Rógvi , Hátún Hjálmar , Armannsson Hlynur , Joensen Jákup Sverri 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHomrum, E. í, Hansen, B., Jónsson, S. Þ., Michalsen, K., Burgos, J., Righton, D., Steingrund, P., Jakobsen, T., Mouritsen, R., Hátún, H., Armannsson, H., and Joensen, J. S. 2013. Migration of saithe (Pollachius virens) in the Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 782–792. Saithe (Pollachius virens) stocks in the Northeast Atlantic intermingle as a result of migration among stock areas. The extent of migration has been poorly quantified. Here, we estimate measures of the migration based on existing tagging data from Icelandic, Faroese and Continental (Scotland, North Sea and Norway) waters. Saithe tagged in Icelandic waters were seldom caught outside Icelandic waters (<1% of tag returns), whereas 42% of adult saithe tagged in Faroese waters were recaptured outside Faroese waters. Of adult saithe tagged in Norwegian waters 6.6% were recaptured outside Continental waters. In broad terms, there was a net migration of saithe towards Icelandic waters. The distance between tagging and recapture increased with increasing size and age, with saithe tagged in Norwegian waters moving the longest distances. The results demonstrate significant, but variable, migration rates of adult saithe in the Northeast Atlantic. More detailed studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the migration and what causes the differences among the areas.
Evaluating effectiveness of time/area closures, quotas/caps, and fleet communications to reduce fisheries bycatch
Authors: O'Keefe Catherine E. , Cadrin Steven X. , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDesigning effective bycatch mitigation programmes requires an understanding of the life histories of target and non-target species, interactions of fish and fishing gear, effects of spatial and temporal shifts in fishing effort, socio-economic impacts to the fishery, and incentives of fishery participants. The effects of mitigation measures (including fishing gear modification, time/area closures, bycatch quotas and caps, incentive programs, and fleet communication programs) have been evaluated with respect to reducing bycatch and discards. Less attention has been focused on evaluating unanticipated results related to shifts in fishing effort, changes in the size of non-target species caught, reduced catch of target species, and economic viability to fishing fleets. Time/area closures, bycatch quotas/caps, and fleet communication programmes were evaluated against a set of criteria to assess overall effectiveness in reducing bycatch without causing unintended biological and socio-economic impacts. The results suggest that wide-ranging studies of species' life histories, potential changes in fleet behaviour, and individual incentives are important for developing and implementing mitigation programmes. Combining a suite of mitigation techniques has been successful in meeting biological and socio-economic fisheries goals. Additionally, collaborative programmes that utilize the skill sets of fishers, scientists, and managers have increased effectiveness in meeting bycatch reduction objectives.
TWIN SISTER OF FT, GIGANTEA, and CONSTANS Have a Positive But Indirect Effect on Blue Light-Induced Stomatal Opening in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ando Eigo , Ohnishi Masato , Wang Yin , Matsushita Tomonao , Watanabe Aiko , Hayashi Yuki , Fujii Miho , Ma Jian Feng , Inoue Shin-ichiro , Kinoshita Toshinori 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is the major regulatory component controlling photoperiodic floral transition. It is expressed in guard cells and affects blue light-induced stomatal opening induced by the blue-light receptor phototropins phot1 and phot2. Roles for other flowering regulators in stomatal opening have yet to be determined. We show in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF), CONSTANS (CO), and GIGANTEA (GI) provide a positive effect on stomatal opening. TSF, which is the closest homolog of FT, was transcribed in guard cells, and light-induced stomatal opening was repressed in tsf-1, a T-DNA insertion mutant of TSF. Overexpression of TSF in a phot1 phot2 mutant background gave a constitutive open-stomata phenotype. Then, we examined whether CO and GI, which are upstream regulators of FT and TSF in photoperiodic flowering, are involved in stomatal opening. Similar to TSF, light-induced stomatal opening was suppressed in the GI and CO mutants gi-1 and co-1. A constitutive open-stomata phenotype was observed in GI and CO overexpressors with accompanying changes in the transcription of both FT and TSF. In photoperiodic flowering, photoperiod is sensed by photoreceptors such as the cryptochromes cry1 and cry2. We examined stomatal phenotypes in a cry1 cry2 mutant and in CRY2 overexpressors. Light-induced stomatal opening was suppressed in cry1 cry2, and the transcription of FT and TSF was down-regulated. In contrast, the stomata in CRY2 overexpressors opened even in the dark, and FT and TSF transcription was up-regulated. We conclude that the photoperiodic flowering components TSF, GI, and CO positively affect stomatal opening.
Anthocyanins from black soybean inhibit Helicobacter pylori‐induced inflammation in human gastric epithelial AGS cells
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Kim Kyung‐Mi , Park En‐Hee , Seo Ji‐Hyun , Song Jae‐Young , Shin Sung‐Chul , Kang Hyung‐Lyun , Lee Woo‐Kon , Cho Myung‐Je , Rhee Kwang‐Ho , Youn Hee‐Shang , Baik Seung‐Chul 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTInfection with Helicobacter pylori leads to gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Moreover, when the gastric mucosa is exposed to H. pylori, gastric mucosal inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐8 (Il‐8) and reactive oxygen species increase. Anthocyanins have anti‐oxidative, antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the effect of anthocyanins in H. pylori‐infected cells is not yet clear. In this study, therefore, the effect of anthocyanins on H. pylori‐infected human gastric epithelial cells was examined. AGS cells were pretreated with anthocyanins for 24 hrs followed by H. pylori 26695 infection for up to 24 hrs. Cell viability and ROS production were examined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, respectively. Western blot analyses and RT‐PCR were performed to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. IL‐8 secretion in AGS cells was measured by ELISA. It was found that anthocyanins decrease H. pylori‐induced ROS enhancement. Anthocyanins also inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases, translocation of nuclear factor‐kappa B and Iκβα degradation. Furthermore anthocyanins inhibited H. pylori‐induced inducible nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA expression and inhibited IL‐8 production by 45.8%. Based on the above findings, anthocyanins might have an anti‐inflammatory effect in H. pylori‐infected gastric epithelial cells.
Late Miocene/Early Pliocene vertebrate fauna from Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean): an update
Authors: BOVER Pere , ROFES Juan , BAILON Salvador , AGUSTÍ Jordi , CUENCA‐BESCÓS Gloria , TORRES Enric , ALCOVER Josep Antoni 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe vertebrate fossil record from the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean) has improved considerably over the past decade, especially in Mallorca and Menorca. In Menorca, the Pliocene terrestrial fauna was updated by the discovery and description of the large‐sized leporidNuralagus, several reptiles and an amphibian. In Mallorca, paleontological exploration yielded 2 deposits with a Late Miocene/Early Pliocene chronology, Caló den Rafelino (CdR) and Na Burguesa‐1 (NB‐1). So far, 4 new mammalian taxa and 2 new reptiles have been identified for the CdR deposit, whereas the faunal assemblage from the recently discovered deposit (Apr 2012) of NB‐1 is currently composed of, at least, 6 terrestrial mammals, 8 reptiles and an amphibian. Its faunal composition and some primitive characteristics of the obtained taxa suggest that the chronology of this deposit is slightly earlier than the CdR. The terrestrial vertebrates recorded in these 2 Mallorcan deposits are changing the view of the paleofaunal assemblage previously known for the Plio–Pleistocene of the island. Morphological characteristics displayed by some of the taxa suggest that these faunas would be at the beginning of an isolated evolution. In this paper we present a preliminary report on the fossils recovered from the NB‐1 deposit, as well as some unpublished data from CdR, and we analyze the whole fauna from both Mallorcan deposits, focusing on taxonomical and paleobiogeographical aspects.
Effect of Military Conflicts on the Formation of Emergency Medical Services Systems Worldwide
Authors: Goniewicz Mariusz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis article briefly reviews the evolution of medical support during wars and conflicts from ancient to modern times and discusses the effect warfare has had on the development of civilian health care and emergency medical services (EMS). Medical breakthroughs and discoveries made of necessity during military conflicts have developed into new paradigms of medical care, including novel programs of triage and health assessment, emergency battlefield treatment and stabilization, anesthesia, and other surgical and emergency procedures. The critical role of organizations that provide proper emergency care to help the sick and injured both on the battlefield and in the civilian world is also highlighted.