bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anabolic catabolic transforming agent (ACTA) espindolol increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in old rats
Authors: Pötsch Mareike S. , Tschirner Anika , Palus Sandra , von Haehling Stephan , Doehner Wolfram , Beadle John , Coats Andrew J. S. , Anker Stefan D. , Springer Jochen 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundSarcopenia, the age‐related, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is a considerable socioeconomic burden by increasing risks of falls, fractures, and frailty. Moreover, sarcopenic patients are often obese and therapeutic options are very limited.MethodsHere, we assessed the efficacy of espindolol on muscle mass in 19‐month‐old male Wistar Han rats (weight, 555 ± 18 g), including safety issues. Rats were randomized to treatment with 3 mg/kg/day espindolol (n = 8) or placebo (n = 14) for 31 days.ResultsPlacebo‐treated rats progressively lost body weight (−15.5 ± 7.2 g), lean mass (−1.5 ± 4.2 g), and fat mass (−15.6 ± 2.7 g), while espindolol treatment increased body weight (+8.0 ± 6.1 g, p < 0.05), particularly lean mass (+43.4 ± 3.5 g, p < 0.001), and reduced fat mass further (−38.6 ± 3.4 g, p < 0.001). Anabolic/catabolic signaling was assessed in gastrocnemius muscle. Espindolol decreased proteasome and caspase‐3 proteolytic activities by approximately 50 % (all p < 0.05). Western blotting showed a reduced expression of key catabolic regulators, including NFκB, MuRF1, and LC‐3 (all p < 0.01). The 50‐ and 26‐kDa forms of myostatin were downregulated fivefold and 20‐fold, respectively (both p < 0.001). Moreover, 4E‐BP‐1 was reduced fivefold (p < 0.01), while phospho‐PI3K was upregulated fivefold (p < 0.001), although Akt expression and phosphorylation were lower compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). No regulation of p38 and expression of ERK1/2 were observed, while phosphorylation of p38 was reduced (−54 %, p < 0.001) and ERK1/2 was increased (115 and 83 %, respectively, both p < 0.01). Espindolol did not affect cardiac function (echocardiography) or clinical plasma parameters.ConclusionEspindolol reversed the effects of aging/sarcopenia, particularly loss of muscle mass and increased fat mass. Thus, espindolol is an attractive candidate drug for the treatment of sarcopenia patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13539‐013‐0125‐7) contains supplementary material.
The U–Pb SHRIMP age of zircons from diorites of the Tomino–Bereznyaki ore field (South Urals, Russia): evolution of porphyry Cu–epithermal Au–Ag system
Authors: Grabezhev A.I. , Bea F. , Montero M.P. , Fershtater G.B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Tomino–Bereznyaki ore field lies in the western part of the East Urals volcanic megazone (20–30 km southwest of Chelyabinsk). The commercial Tomino porphyry (Mo, Au)–Cu deposit is localized in the east of the field, within a small mesoabyssal intrusion of quartz–diorite composition. The epithermal Au–Ag Bereznyaki deposit is confined to subvolcanic dioritic porphyrites in the west of the field. The western and eastern parts of the ore field have a tectonic boundary. Granitoids belong to a single volcanoplutonic complex of K–Na-quartz–diorite composition. The U–Pb concordant age of zircons from the ore-bearing dioritic porphyrite of the Tomino and Bereznyaki deposits is 428 ± 3 Ma (MSWD = 0.9) and 427 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 1.1), respectively. A Silurian absolute age has been established for the Urals porphyry Cu ore-magmatic system for the first time. The diorites and acid metasomatites of both deposits contain a unique three-mica assemblage (Mu, Pa, and Mu0.36Pa0.64). The metasomatized diorites are of similar isotope-petrogeochemical compositions; they have close total REE contents (24–52 ppm) and REE patterns. Their Zr–Hf, Nb–Ta, and La–Ce diagrams show similar trends. The obtained data indicate the close time of formation of the porphyry and epithermal deposits and their probable genetic unity. The vertical evolution of the porphyry Cu column from meso- and hypabyssal to subvolcanic level includes the isotope (Sr, S, and O) crust–mantle interaction. The deposits formed at different depths expose on the modern surface as a result of the block tectonic processes in the ore field.
Ultramafic–mafic igneous complexes of the Precambrian East Siberian metallogenic province (southern framing of the Siberian craton): age, composition, origin, and ore potential
Authors: Polyakov G.V. , Tolstykh N.D. , Mekhonoshin A.S. , Izokh A.E. , Podlipskii M.Yu. , Orsoev D.A. , Kolotilina T.B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Based on new data on the age, mineralogy, and geochemistry of ultramafic–mafic complexes in the Precambrian structures of the southern periphery of the Siberian Platform, the East Siberian metallogenic (PGE–Cu–Ni) province is recognized. It includes the Yenisei Ridge, Precambrian Kan uplift, Alkhadyr terrane with the adjacent structures of the Biryusa block, and northern Baikal region (Yoko-Dovyren and other massifs of the Baikal–Patom basin). We have established that the U–Pb and Ar–Ar ages of ore-bearing complexes of dunite–peridotite– pyroxenite–gabbro association correspond to the Late Riphean (728–710 Ma). The mineralogical and geochemical similarity of ore-bearing complexes in different areas testifies to their genetic entity. All parental melts were similar in composition to picrites. The calculation results and the PGE enrichment of rocks and ores show high degrees of melting of the mantle source, which agrees with the plume model of formation of the ore-magmatic system. The recognized province is similar in the type of magmatism and time of its occurrence to the Franklin LIP in northern Canada. It is one of the highly promising ore districts of East Siberia.
GPS-measurements of recent crustal deformation in the junction zone of the rift segments in the central Baikal rift system
Authors: Lukhnev A.V. , San’kov V.A. , Miroshnichenko A.I. , Ashurkov S.V. , Byzov L.M. , San’kov A.V. , Bashkuev Yu.B. , Dembelov M.G. , Calais E. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Based on multiyear measurements of present-day motions in the central area of the Baikal rift system, new data on the kinematics of horizontal motions, relative horizontal deformation rates, and rotation velocities in the area of junction of the South Baikal, North Baikal, and Barguzin rift basins have been obtained. This area is an intricate structure with two transfer zones: Ol’khon–Svyatoi Nos and Ust’-Barguzin. It is shown that crustal blocks are moving southeastward, normally to the structures of transfer zones and at an acute angle to the Baikal Rift strike, which corresponds to the right-lateral strike-slip extensional faulting along the major structure. The average horizontal velocities increase from 3.0 mm yr–1 in the northern South Baikal basin to 6.5 mm yr–1 in the Barguzin basin. The elongation axes prevailing in the study region are mainly of NW–SE direction. The areas of intense deformations are confined to structures with high seismic activity in the South Baikal and, partly, Barguzin basins. This confirms the existence of a present-day zone of the Earth’s crust destruction in the Baikal rift system, which is the most likely source of strong earthquakes in the future. Two zones with rotations in opposite directions are recognized in the rotation velocity field. Clockwise rotation is typical of structures of N–NE strike (Maloe More basin, southern North Baikal basin, Barguzin Ridge rise). Counterclockwise rotation is determined for NE-striking structures (northern South Baikal basin, southern Barguzin basin). In general, the obtained data show an intricate pattern of present-day horizontal dislocations and deformations in the area of junction of NE- and N–NE-striking rift structures. This suggests left- and right-lateral strike-slip faults, respectively, within them.
Typomorphic characteristics of the Ural diamonds (from FTIR spectroscopy data)
Authors: Fedorova E.N. , Logvinova A.M. , Luk’yanova L.I. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Natural diamonds from the Ural alluvial deposits have been studied by FTIR spectroscopy. It is shown that these diamonds are similar in some typomorphic features, such as nitrogen content and aggregation state, to the diamonds of the Coromandel (Brazil) and Verkhnee Molodo (Lena region, Yakutia) placers and to the diamonds from kimberlites of the Arkhangel’sk Region but differ significantly in lower contents of hydrogen and higher contents of platelets. The high contents of hydrogen (5–20 cm–1) determined in some diamonds are due to the specific formation of their internal structure and to the presence of inclusions. The nonuniform distribution of nitrogen A- and B-centers throughout the crystal testifies to the zonal structure of diamonds. The temperature conditions of formation of the Ural diamonds have been estimated.
Native gold in complex Ti–Zr placers of the southern West Siberian Plain
Authors: Nesterenko G.V. , Kolpakov V.V. , Boboshko L.P. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Typomorphic features of native gold and its contents in complex Ti–Zr placers in the southern West Siberian Plain are reported. Three of the placers are of littoral-marine genesis, and two formed under conditions of an alluvial piedmont plain. Native gold from the studied Ti–Zr placers occurs mainly as flattened thin (–0.1 mm) particles which underwent mechanical action. It is marked by wide fineness variation and the abundance of a very fine (990–1000‰) variety. Most likely, this is chemically transformed clastogenic metal. The gold content of the productive bed (5–30 mg/m3 native gold and 8–140 ppb bulk gold) is consistent with the dispersion of heavy ore and accessory minerals during mechanical migration in water flows simultaneously with their concentration on geochemical barriers. The native-gold content of complex Ti–Zr placers shows a higher negative correlation with the primary source–placer distance than those of Ti and Zr minerals and a positive correlation with the degree of hydrodynamic reworking (gravity concentration) of transit terrigenous material. On the southern framing of the West Siberian Plain, some regions of northern Kazakhstan are promising for gold of complex Ti–Zr placers as well as fine- and thin-gold placers, gold-bearing weathering crusts, and primary gold deposits.
Coastal-zone shallow-aquifer characterization study using geoelectrical and geochemical methods in Zirconium Complex, Atomic Energy, Pazhayakayal, Thoothukudi, India
Authors: Ravindran A. Antony 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Groundwater is a very important component of water resources in coastal aquifers in Thoothukudi. It has been established that the groundwaters in the coastal zone of the Zirconium Complex, Pazhayakayal, Thoothukudi district, Tamilnadu, India, are subjected to wave and tidal impact. The groundwater quality was studied by hydrogeological methods, 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) techniques (six profiles), 11 Wenner vertical electrical sounding (VES), and well log analysis. Also, nine geochemical water samples were taken from the study area. The 2D ERI and VES surveys were carried out using WGMD-4 Ltd., Chennai, resistivity meter, multicore cable, and multielectrodes with Wenner array. The collected resistivity data were interpreted using the Res2DINV software. The research shows that the groundwaters are the result of the paleoriver flow along the Tamirabarani Channel in the western area and of the seawater intrusion in the eastern area. The fresh water is characterized by resistivity of about 10–100 Ohm⋅m in the study area. The resistivity of 10–50 Ohm⋅m indicates that the subsurface section is made up of sand, clay, and caliche. Resistivity values of more than 200 Ohm⋅m are specific to sand dunes. The very low resistivity (&lt;5 Ohm⋅m) layer might be due to the seawater intrusion in the study area. Six water samples from the well drilled in the coastal area were analyzed, which made it possible to determine the concentrations of major and trace elements in the groundwaters. These data were used to establish the seawater intrusion and coastal environment characteristics in the study area.
A painter in the Bering Sea: Henry Wood Elliott and the northern fur seal
Authors: Peck Robert McCracken 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTHenry Wood Elliott (1846–1930), a U.S. Treasury official assigned to monitor the harvest of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands in the 1870s, became a self-taught expert on, and defender of, the species. His careful documentation of the seals’ breeding behaviour, and of their commercial harvest, complemented by hundreds of detailed and evocative watercolours, provides a unique record of this once abundant species and the lucrative industry that revolved around it. Elliott's outspoken lobbying on behalf of the seals’ protection is often credited with saving the species from extinction. His paintings of the seals, the seal harvest, and life on the Pribilof Islands in the second half of the nineteenth century constitute an unmatched historical record of this remote region.Elliott was able to witness two full breeding seasons (and harvesting) of the fur seals during his initial stay on the Pribilofs from April 1872 to October 1873. He returned to the islands to conduct a follow-up census of the seals, on behalf of the U.S. Government, in the summer of 1874. He traveled there unofficially and at his own expense in 1876. His fourth trip to the Pribilofs was in the spring of 1890 (again on behalf of the U.S. Department of the Treasury), in response to news of a dramatic decline of the seal populations. In April, 1891, because of his public revelation of mismanagement of the fur seal harvest, Elliott was fired by the Treasury. He continued his tireless lobbying on behalf of the fur seals as a private citizen for the rest of his life. He visited the Pribilofs for the last time on behalf of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor in the summer of 1913. Born in Cleveland Ohio on November 13, 1846, Elliott died in Seattle Washington on May 25, 1930.
Metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of prevalences and moderating variables
Authors: Vancampfort D. , Correll C. U. , Wampers M. , Sienaert P. , Mitchell A. J. , De Herdt A. , Probst M. , Scheewe T. W. , De Hert M. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIndividuals with depression have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for CVD. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and correlates of MetS in persons with robustly defined major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodWe searched Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL up until June 2013 for studies reporting MetS prevalences in individuals with MDD. Medical subject headings ‘metabolic’ OR ‘diabetes’ or ‘cardiovascular’ or ‘blood pressure’ or ‘glucose’ or ‘lipid’ AND ‘depression’ OR ‘depressive’ were used in the title, abstract or index term fields. Manual searches were conducted using reference lists from identified articles.ResultsThe initial electronic database search resulted in 91 valid hits. From candidate publications following exclusions, our search generated 18 studies with interview-defined depression (n = 5531, 38.9% male, mean age = 45.5 years). The overall proportion with MetS was 30.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.3–35.1] using any standardized MetS criteria. Compared with age- and gender-matched control groups, individuals with MDD had a higher MetS prevalence [odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% CI 1.21–1.97, p = 0.001]. They also had a higher risk for hyperglycemia (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.73, p = 0.03) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.30, p = 0.008). Antipsychotic use (p < 0.05) significantly explained higher MetS prevalence estimates in MDD. Differences in MetS prevalences were not moderated by age, gender, geographical area, smoking, antidepressant use, presence of psychiatric co-morbidity, and median year of data collection.ConclusionsThe present findings strongly indicate that persons with MDD are a high-risk group for MetS and related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MetS risk may be highest in those prescribed antipsychotics.
The analogy between dreams and the ancient art of memory is tempting but superficial
Authors: Axmacher Nikolai , Fell Juergen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough the analogy between dreams and ancient mnemotechniques is tempting because they share several phenomenological characteristics, this analogy is superficial at a closer look. Unlike mneomotechnically encoded material, rapid eye movement (REM) dreams are inherently difficult to remember, do not usually allow conscious subsequent retrieval of all interconnected elements, and have been found to support subsequent episodic memory in only rare cases.
Dreams are made of memories, but maybe not for memory
Authors: Blagrove Mark , Ruby Perrine , Eichenlaub Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLlewellyn's claim that rapid eye movement (REM) dream imagery may be related to the processes involved in memory consolidation during sleep is plausible. However, whereas there is voluntary and deliberate intention behind the construction of images in the ancient art of memory (AAOM) method, there is a lack of intentionality in producing dream images. The memory for dreams is also fragile, and dependent on encoding once awake.
Structure of the RecQ C-terminal Domain of Human Bloom Syndrome Protein
Authors: Kim Sun-Yong , Hakoshima Toshio , Kitano Ken 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBloom syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The disease is caused by mutations of the Bloom syndrome protein (BLM). Here we report the crystal structure of a RecQ C-terminal (RQC) domain from human BLM. The structure reveals three novel features of BLM RQC which distinguish it from the previous structures of the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and RECQ1. First, BLM RQC lacks an aromatic residue at the tip of the β-wing, a key element of the RecQ-family helicases used for DNA-strand separation. Second, a BLM-specific insertion between the N-terminal helices exhibits a looping-out structure that extends at right angles to the β-wing. Deletion mutagenesis of this insertion interfered with binding to Holliday junction. Third, the C-terminal region of BLM RQC adopts an extended structure running along the domain surface, which may facilitate the spatial positioning of an HRDC domain in the full-length protein.
Negative differential resistance and effect of defects and deformations in MoS2 armchair nanoribbon metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
Authors: Sengupta Amretashis , Mahapatra Santanu 
Published: November 2013

In this work, we present a study on the negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior and the impact of various deformations (like ripple, twist, wrap) and defects like vacancies and edge roughness on the electronic properties of short-channel MoS2 armchair nanoribbon MOSFETs. The effect of deformation (3°–7° twist or wrap and 0.3–0.7 Å ripple amplitude) and defects on a 10 nm MoS2 ANR FET is evaluated by the density functional tight binding theory and the non-equilibrium Green`s function approach. We study the channel density of states, transmission spectra, and the ID–VD characteristics of such devices under the varying conditions, with focus on the NDR behavior. Our results show significant change in the NDR peak to valley ratio and the NDR window with such minor intrinsic deformations, especially with the ripple.
Gnotobiotic mouse model of phage–bacterial host dynamics in the human gut
Authors: Reyes Alejandro , Wu Meng , McNulty Nathan P. , Rohwer Forest L. , Gordon Jeffrey I. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
A consortium of sequenced human gut bacteria was introduced into germ-free mice followed by a “staged” phage attack with virus-like particles purified from the fecal microbiota of five healthy adult humans. Unique phages were identified attacking microbiota members in nonsimultaneous fashion. Some host bacterial species acquired resistance to phage attack through ecological or epigenetic mechanisms. Changes in community structure observed after attack were transient. Spontaneous induction of prophages present in seven bacterial taxa was modest, occurring independently of the phage attack. Together, these results reveal a largely temperate phage–bacterial host dynamic and illustrate how gnotobiotic mouse models can help characterize ecological relationships in the gut by taking into account its most abundant but least understood component, viruses.
A divergent calponin homology (NN–CH) domain defines a novel family: implications for evolution of ciliary IFT complex B proteins
Authors: Schou Kenneth B. , Andersen Jens S. , Pedersen Lotte B. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Microtubules are dynamic polymers of tubulin dimers that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. A mounting number of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate the dynamic behavior of microtubules and hence the assembly and disassembly of disparate microtubule structures within the cell. Despite recent advances in identification and functional characterization of MAPs, a substantial number of microtubule accessory factors have not been functionally annotated. Here, using profile-to-profile comparisons and structure modeling, we show that the yeast outer kinetochore components NDC80 and NUF2 share evolutionary ancestry with a novel protein family in mammals comprising, besides NDC80/HEC1 and NUF2, three Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) complex B subunits (IFT81, IFT57, CLUAP1) as well as six proteins with poorly defined function (FAM98A-C, CCDC22, CCDC93 and C14orf166). We show that these proteins consist of a divergent N-terminal calponin homology (CH)-like domain adjoined to an array of C-terminal heptad repeats predicted to form a coiled-coil arrangement. We have named the divergent CH-like domain NN–CH after the founding members NDC80 and NUF2.
Contact: kbschou@bio.ku.dk or lbpedersen@bio.ku.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.