bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: measuring shear-wave anisotropy from icequakes
Authors: Harland S.R. , Kendall J.-M. , Stuart G.W. , Lloyd G.E. , Baird A.F. , Smith A.M. , Pritchard H.D. , Brisbourne A.M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIce streams provide major drainage pathways for the Antarctic ice sheet. The stress distribution and style of flow in such ice streams produce elastic and rheological anisotropy, which informs ice-flow modelling as to how ice masses respond to external changes such as global warming. Here we analyse elastic anisotropy in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, using observations of shear-wave splitting from three-component icequake seismograms to characterize ice deformation via crystal-preferred orientation. Over 110 high-quality measurements are made on 41 events recorded at five stations deployed temporarily near the ice-stream grounding line. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented observation of shear-wave splitting from Antarctic icequakes. The magnitude of the splitting ranges from 2 to 80 ms and suggests a maximum of 6% shear-wave splitting. The fast shear-wave polarization direction is roughly perpendicular to ice-flow direction. We consider three mechanisms for ice anisotropy: a cluster model (vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) model); a girdle model (horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) model); and crack-induced anisotropy (HTI model). Based on the data, we can rule out a VTI mechanism as the sole cause of anisotropy – an HTI component is needed, which may be due to ice crystal a-axis alignment in the direction of flow or the alignment of cracks or ice films in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction. The results suggest a combination of mechanisms may be at play, which represent vertical variations in the symmetry of ice crystal anisotropy in an ice stream, as predicted by ice fabric models.
Geophysical surveying to determine the structure and origin of the Woore Moraine, Shropshire, UK
Authors: Parkes Aidan A. , Stimpson Ian G. , Waller Richard I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Woore Moraine, situated within the Cheshire Plain, is one of the largest glacial landforms in Britain. However, its key characteristics, internal structure and glaciological significance are poorly understood due to limited exposure of its key geological features. This paper focuses on the results of a suite of complementary geophysical techniques (ground-penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography and seismic refraction) that were used to image the interior structure of the moraine and help determine its origin. Geophysical imaging reveals a two-layer moraine structure comprising a thin and heterogeneous carapace of intercalated sediments overlying a core of subglacial clay-rich diamicton and proglacial sands deformed by a series of fore- and back-thrusts. These features indicate that the moraine is glaciotectonic in origin, involving initial compression of proglacial sediments against a bedrock obstruction and subsequent modification due to overriding.
Propriété immobilière et autochtonie
Authors: Gollac Sibylle 
Published: May 2013

Cet article mobilise la notion de capital d’autochtonie pour comprendre l’importance du patrimoine immobilier dans les stratégies collectives de reproduction sociale des descendants d’un maçon breton : la propriété immobilière acquise par autoconstruction, mise au service de l’entretien du capital social, constitue ici un dispositif privilégié de production de l’autochtonie et devient la pierre de touche d’une stratégie familiale de perpétuation du statut de la lignée dans l’espace local. En combinant cette monographie à l’analyse de données statistiques, on situe socialement la façon dont propriété immobilière et autochtonie s’articulent chez les Le Vennec : ancrage résidentiel et recours à l’autoconstruction sont liés à des types de ressources et de contraintes socialement situées, à la fois typiques des classes populaires et associées à des trajectoires sociales spécifiques. Mais il s’agit aussi d’interroger ce que les processus d’accumulation du capital d’autochtonie, parce qu’ils reposent aussi sur l’accumulation de biens immobiliers, font aux relations de parenté et en particulier aux rapports sociaux de sexe qui se jouent dans la famille : toutes et tous ne sont pas propriétaires, ne restent pas à proximité et ne tirent pas les mêmes profits, en particulier professionnels et politiques, du capital d’autochtonie familial.
Gérer son immeuble comme une « affaire » ?
Authors: Richard Hélène 
Published: May 2013

Alors que la privatisation des appartements au bénéfice de leurs locataires lancée en 1991 a transformé les immeubles soviétiques en copropriétés, cet article explore l’appropriation du droit de la copropriété par des citoyens ordinaires à partir d’une enquête centrée sur Moscou. En repartant des questionnements sur les conditions sociales et historiques des manières de concevoir l’économique, on observe que certains individus apparaissent plus disposés que d’autres à se saisir d’un nouveau modèle d’administration des immeubles. Le nouveau cadre juridique induit, en effet, une redéfinition des habitants comme des associés potentiels et rapproche la gestion de l’immeuble de la conduite d’une « affaire » comme les autres. Pour le saisir, on s’appuie sur une approche dispositionnelle en comparant les modes d’investissement dans les affaires de leur immeuble de deux femmes situées à des positions éloignées de l’espace social. Ces cas sont tirés d’une enquête extensive géographiquement mais recentrée sur un type particulier d’habitants. Leur analyse permet d’apprécier le poids des trajectoires sociales et des positionnements résidentiels sur le façonnage des lectures du droit et, partant, d’éclairer la fabrique de la copropriété en Russie postcommuniste par ses usages habitants.
Sur la politisation des classes populaires périurbaines
Authors: Girard Violaine 
Published: May 2013

Une part importante des ménages d’ouvriers et d’employés résident aujourd’hui dans les territoires périurbains. Souvent décrits comme y subissant une relégation socio-spatiale, ces ménages se seraient convertis en nombre au vote Front national. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article montre que ces ménages appartiennent au contraire aux fractions stables ou en ascension des classes populaires et sont porteurs d’aspirations à la promotion sociale, par l’accès à la propriété ou la valorisation de qualifications techniques. Leurs attitudes politiques apparaissent alors façonnées par leurs dispositions sociales : ces périurbains issus des classes populaires, confrontés aux réorganisations de l’emploi industriel, sont portés à valoriser des formes de stabilisation économique plutôt qu’un modèle de réussite par les ressources culturelles. Autant de facteurs qui concourent, par-delà la diversité de leurs pratiques électorales, à la distanciation de nombre d’entre eux vis-à-vis d’une offre politique de gauche.
Imaging of Parapharyngeal Space and Infratemporal Fossa
Authors: Varma Ravi , Kumar Aman , Dhongade Harshal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCross-sectional imaging is an indispensable tool in the investigation of parapharyngeal space and infratemporal fossa pathologies. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging exquisitely display the complex anatomy of this region and provides accurate spatial localization of pathology, differential diagnosis and vital information for treatment planning.How to cite this articleJain S, Kumar A, Dhongade H, Varma R. Imaging of Parapharyngeal Space and Infratemporal Fossa. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):113-121.
Cervical Lymphangioma in Adult
Authors: Kandakure Vinod Tukaram , Thakur Girish Vitthalrao , Thote Amit Ramesh , Kausar Ayesha Junaid 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTLymphangiomas are uncommon congenital lesions of the lymphatic system which are usually present in childhood. We report a case of adult lymphangioma, localized in the neck, and discuss the presentation, diagnosis and management of this tumor.How to cite this articleKandakure VT, Thakur GV, Thote AR, Kausar AJ. Cervical Lymphangioma in Adult. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):147-150.
Chronic Hyperplastic Polypoid Tonsillitis
Authors: Patil Venkatesh Manikrao , Kustagi Anirud Vasant , Patil Rashmi Mallangouda 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTChronic tonsillitis is commonly seen in children. Tonsillitis presenting as unilateral pedunculated mass in oral cavity and leading to obstruction of airway is very rare. We report a patient who presented with mass in oropharynx measuring 5 × 2 × 1 cm and review of literature, management and implication of this benign lesion.How to cite this articlePatil VM, Kustagi AV, Patil RM. Chronic Hyperplastic Polypoid Tonsillitis. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2012;4(3):160-161.
Periosteal Adventitia is a Valuable Bone Graft Alternative
Authors: Gemalmaz Halil Can , Bolukbasi Selcuk , Esen Erdinc , Erdogan Deniz , Giray Seren Gulsen , Bardakci Yesim 
Published: May 2013

Background Periosteal adventitia is believed to consist of fibrous tissue without any regenerative potential. This theory results in the assumption that surgically stripped periosteum which is also adventitial has no bone regeneration potential. We decided to test whether the periosteal adventitia is osteoinductive and whether it is suitable for a commonly faced clinical situation in an animal model. Methods This study used 24 femurs from 12 rabbits, which were separated into 3 groups. Lateral femoral condylar cavitary defects were created with a 5 mm drill bit. In group I, the defects were left empty as the control. In group II, the defects were only filled with ceramic graft particles. In group III, the defects were filled with a mixture of ceramic graft particles and autogenous, adventitial, periosteal particles. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the 6th week and were evaluated histologically. Results The microscopy of 3 different histologists suggested that group III had far superior healing when compared to the control group and group II. The statistical evaluation of the histomorphometrically gathered quantitative results revealed a meaningful increase in woven bone and a decrease in fibrous tissue in group III, confirming the histological analysis. Conclusions In this study we observed that the composite graft obtained by mixing ceramics and free adventitial periosteal grafts offers healing potential surpassing both the ceramic-only group as well as the control group. We conclude that adventitial periosteal graft greatly facilitates new bone formation.
Failure of a pharmacist-initiated antimicrobial step-down protocol to impact physician prescribing behavior or patient outcomes: A quasi-experimental, cross-over study
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth D. , Shull Sara S. , Richter Lisa M. , Qiu Fang , Rupp Mark E. 
Published: May 2013

Background: Intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) conversion may expedite hospital discharge and decrease costs. Most IV-to-PO programs include antimicrobials with highly-bioavailable PO formulations, allowing sequential interchanges. Our aim was to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes of a pharmacist-initiated antimicrobial step-down protocol whereby intravenous (IV) antimicrobials were switched to different oral (PO) antimicrobials. Methods: A 12-month quasi-experimental, cross-over study was conducted on a 45-bed adult general medicine ward in two populations (A & B) receiving an IV antimicrobial for ≥ 48 hours in three phases: baseline (Phase 1); step-down protocol in Group A only (Phase 2); and step-down protocol in Group B, withdrawn from Group A (Phase 3). A step-down conversion form was used by pharmacists to screen patients for eligibility. If eligible, the form was placed in the medical record to be completed by the physician. Outcomes reported after step-down eligibility included percent receiving step-down conversion; length of stay; therapy duration; IV complications; clinical cure; and antimicrobial and hospitalization costs. Results: 2,635 patients were screened. Of 595 included patients, 33.6% (n=98) and 32% (n=97) were eligible for step-down in Groups A and B, respectively. During Phase 2, 42.1% of the eligible Group A and 28.6% of the eligible Group B patients were switched to step-down therapy (p=0.12). No significant difference existed between the groups for length of stay; duration of therapy; IV complications; clinical cure; and costs. Similar results were observed in Phase 3. Post hoc analyses showed those receiving step-down conversion had shorter stays (p=0.02) and decreased hospitalization costs (p=0.006). Conclusions: Approximately 60%-75% of eligible patients did not receive step-down conversion. The step-down protocol was labor-intensive and poorly accepted. Successful step-down programs must anticipate these challenges. Step-down was associated with shorter stays and decreased costs.
Lineage-Specific Purification of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells From Differentiated Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Maruyama Masato , Yamashita Yuji , Kase Masahiko , Trifonov Stefan , Sugimoto Tetsuo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Since induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have differentiation potential into all three germ layer-derived tissues, efficient purification of target cells is required in many fields of iPS research. One useful strategy is isolation of desired cells from differentiated iPS cells by lineage-specific expression of a drug-resistance gene, followed by drug selection. With this strategy, we purified neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), a good candidate source for regenerative therapy, from differentiated mouse iPS cells. We constructed a bicistronic expression vector simultaneously expressing blasticidin S resistance gene and DsRed under the control of tandem enhancer of a 257-base pair region of nestin second intron, an NSC-specific enhancer. This construct was efficiently inserted into the iPS genome by piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer, and the established subclone was differentiated into NSCs in the presence or absence of blasticidin S. Consequently, incubation with blasticidin S led to purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells. Our results suggest that a lineage-specific drug selection strategy is useful for purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells and that this strategy can be applied for the purification of other cell types.
En deçà des méthodes et des théories, l’horizon d’une philosophie
Authors: Basalamah Salah 
Published: May 2013

Cet article se propose de soumettre deux hypothèses. Il s’agit d’une part de montrer l’interdépendance entre théorie et méthodologie de la recherche et d’autre part de souligner la nécessité de reconnaître la pluralité des approches méthodologiques en traductologie, dont la recherche conceptuelle. Pour vérifier la première hypothèse, on montrera d’abord comment historiquement la notion même de théorie a évolué dans le développement de la discipline pour ensuite établir que la réflexion métathéorique, que l’on aura justement exercée dans le présent article, ne peut faire l’économie de celle qui implique les choix méthodologiques offerts au chercheur, dont le traductologue. Quant à la vérification de la seconde hypothèse, elle s’appuiera notamment sur la mise en évidence des tendances adoptées par les traductologues dans leurs choix méthodologiques ainsi que l’analyse des raisons éventuelles d’une telle orientation. Les résultats préliminaires nous permettront de constater la forte dominance de la recherche empirique, et par conséquent la place moins importante et moins reconnue de la recherche conceptuelle qui accuse le coup d’une perception lui valant une sorte de « défaut de scientificité ». Or comment prétendre à l’interdisciplinarité lorsque le pluralisme méthodologique est déficitaire? D’où la revendication d’un horizon qui pourrait élargir la traductologie par les fondations, vers une philosophie intégrée de la traduction.
MoS2 Formed on Mesoporous Graphene as a Highly Active Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liao Lei , Zhu Jie , Bian Xiaojun , Zhu Lina , Scanlon Micheál D. , Girault Hubert H. , Liu Baohong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA highly active and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution is developed based on the in situ formation of MoS2 nanoparticles on mesoporous graphene foams (MoS2/MGF). Taking advantage of its high specific surface area and its interconnected conductive graphene skeleton, MGF provides a favorable microenvironment for the growth of highly dispersed MoS2 nanoparticles while allowing rapid charge transfer kinetics. The MoS2/MGF nanocomposites exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential and substantial apparent current densities. Such enhanced catalytic activity stems from the abundance of catalytic edge sites, the increase of electrochemically accessible surface area and the unique synergic effects between the MGF support and active catalyst. The electrode reactions are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A Tafel slope of ≈42 mV per decade is measured for a MoS2/MGF modified electrode, suggesting the Volmer‐Heyrovsky mechanism of hydrogen evolution.
Delineation of a new chromosome 20q11.2 duplication syndrome including the ASXL1 gene
Authors: Avila Magali , Kirchhoff Maria , Marle Nathalie , Hove Hanna D. , Chouchane Mondher , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Masurel Alice , Mosca‐Boidron Anne‐Laure , Callier Patrick , Mugneret Francine , Kjaergaard Susanne , Faivre Laurence 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report on three males with de novo overlapping 7.5, 9.8, and 10 Mb duplication of chromosome 20q11.2. Together with another patient previously published in the literature with overlapping 20q11 microduplication, we show that such patients display common clinical features including metopic ridging/trigonocephaly, developmental delay, epicanthal folds, and short hands. The duplication comprised the ASXL1 gene, in which de novo heterozygous nonsense or truncating mutations have recently been reported in patients with Borhing–Opitz syndrome. Because of craniofacial features in common with Borhing–Opitz syndrome, in particular metopic ridging/trigonocephaly, we suggest that duplication of ASXL1 contributes to the phenotype. These observations suggest a novel microduplication syndrome, and reporting of additional patients with molecular characterization will allow more detailed genotype–phenotype correlations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperbranched polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (HB‐POSS) nanomaterials for high transmission and radiation‐resistant space and solar applications
Authors: Xu Nita , Stark Edmund J. , Carver Peter I. , Sharps Paul , Hu Jin , Hartmann‐Thompson Claire 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes and polysiloxanes with octafunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) branchpoints and curable alkoxysilane or silanol end‐groups were formulated with linear polysiloxanes to fabricate transparent and robust nanostructured POSS‐containing materials for use in a range of high performance space and solar applications. The effect of methyl vs. phenyl content, architecture and linear polysiloxane mass on transmission, thermal, physical, and proton, electron and UV radiation resistance properties was determined, and the physical properties of the nanomaterials were tailored to produce adhesives, or rigid or flexible coatings as desired. The methyl formulations showed superior electron resistance relative to a commercial space control material and to a POSS‐free HB polymer control material, even when directly exposed to radiation in coating form, whereas the phenyl formulations were shown to have inferior electron and UV resistance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3849–3861, 2013
Clay dispersion effects on excimer laser ablation of polymer–clay nanocomposites
Authors: Chang I‐Ta , Sancaktar Erol 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe ablation behavior of polystyrene‐organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites was evaluated by measuring the weight loss induced by KrF excimer laser irradiation of the nanocomposite specimens under air atmosphere. The characteristic values of ablation, ablation threshold fluence, and effective absorption coefficient for polystyrene and its nanocomposites were calculated based on the weight loss data. The effects of morphology due to spatial variation in injection molded samples are also discussed in this article. Results demonstrate that both the dispersion state and the concentration of clay play important roles in excimer laser ablation. The sensitivity of threshold fluence and absorption coefficient to dispersion state of OMMT seem to depend on the clay concentration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2336–2344, 2013
Artificial Metalloenzymes Constructed From Hierarchically‐Assembled Proteins
Authors: Ueno Takafumi , Tabe Hiroyasu , Tanaka Yuya 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe design of artificial metalloenzymes has become an important topic in biological chemistry and inorganic chemistry due to the potential applications of artificial metalloenzymes in nanoscience and biotechnology. One of the general methods used to produce artificially metalloenzymes involves the encapsulation of non‐natural metal cofactors within protein scaffolds. This method has been used in the construction of small artificial metalloproteins with high activity and selectivity. However, the important roles of protein assemblies have not yet been systematically investigated in this field, even though natural enzymatic systems employ protein assemblies as molecular scaffolds for elaborate enzymatic reactions. In recent years, the above‐mentioned general strategy has been applied to functionalize protein assemblies such as protein cages and protein crystals. These assembled structures form confined interior environments, which can be used to accommodate metal complex catalysts and to prepare metal nanoparticles. The development of artificial metalloenzymes with hierarchically‐assembled proteins would enable us to provide powerful tools for industrial and biological applications. In this Focus Review, we discuss the most significant recent research in this field as well as future directions.
Studies on the interaction of palmatine hydrochloride with bovine hemoglobin
Authors: Liu Baosheng , Yan Xiaona , Cao Shina , Chong Baohong , Lü Yunkai 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe interaction between bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and palmatine hydrochloride (PMT) was investigated at different temperatures using multispectroscopy, as well as the effect of common metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+) on the BHb–PMT system. Results showed that the quenching mechanism of PMT on BHb was a static process. The electrostatic force played an important role in the conjugation reaction between BHb and PMT. The order of magnitude of the binding constants (Ka) was 104, and the number of binding sites (n) in the binary system was ~ 1. The binding distance (r) was ~ 2.44 nm and the primary binding for PMT was located at β‐37 tryptophan in the hydrophobic cavity of BHb. In addition, the Hill's coefficients were ~ 1. Synchronous and circular dichroism spectra revealed that the microenvironment and the conformation of BHb were changed during the binding reaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.