bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Optically Active 1,4‐Oxazepan‐7‐ones.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Yamane Yu , Yo Ryuichiro , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Uno Hidemitsu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel one‐step synthesis of enantioenriched 1,4‐oxazepan‐7‐ones is achieved by cyclization of optically active alkynyl esters in the presence of Ph3PAuCl and Cu(OTf)2 as the catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Alkynylphosphonates in C,C‐Cyclizations: Regioselective Formation of Polysubstituted Fluorinated Arylphosphonates.
Authors: Duda Blazej , Tverdomed Sergey N. , Ionin Boris I. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: February 2015

Abstract1,4‐Bipolar substrates of type (I) and (IV) having an acidic CH2‐group react with internal alkynes (II) to produce naphthalenes or polyfunctionalized benzenes, resp., containing a ‐CF2‐X group.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious, Nano‐BF3·SiO2‐Catalyzed Michaelis—Arbuzov Reaction in an Ionic Liquid: Synthesis of Privileged Aryl/Heterocyclic Phosphonates.
Authors: Rasheed Syed , Rao Devineni Subba , Subramanyam Chennamsettty , Basha Shaik Thaslim , Raju Chamarthi Naga 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn efficient, environmentally benign methodology for the synthesis of privileged aryl/heteroaryl phosphonates (III) (15 examples) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Access to the Skeleton of Elisabethin A and Formal Syntheses of Elisapterosin B and Colombiasin A.
Authors: Preindl Johannes , Leitner Christian , Baldauf Simon , Mulzer Johann 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA rapid and stereocontrolled synthesis of elisabethin A skeleton (III) is presented, which opens a formal access to the diterpenes elisapteroside B (I) and colombiasin A (II) as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Asymmetric Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidines Through Chiral Homoallylic Sulfinamines.
Authors: Anton‐Torrecillas Cintia , Gonzalez‐Gomez Jose C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of phenanthroindolizidines using an indium‐mediated aminoalkylation with chiral tert‐butylsulfinamide as key step is developed.
Detect structural‐connected communities based on BSCHEF in C‐DBLP
Authors: Ma Tinghuai , Rong Huan , Ying Changhong , Tian Yuan , Al‐Dhelaan Abdullah , Al‐Rodhaan Mznah 
Published: February 2015

SummaryChinese Digital Bibliography & Library Project (C‐DBLP) is a huge and real‐life co‐author social network in China, rarely cited by published paper. It contains a large amount of ground‐truth community structure with distinguished research topics. Despite the fact that rich studies on community detection have been conducted with gains of practically fruitful algorithms, unfortunately, with the coming of ‘Big Data’ era and speedy development of mobile devices, social networks like C‐DBLP have incredibly expanded on nodes and edges, as a result, because of massive data cardinality, a large portion of community detection methods consume memory resource excessively. Therefore, in this work, we select Based on Structural Connection Hierarchical Exploration (BSCHE) algorithm to partition nodes in C‐DBLP because of its O(n) time cost, fast enough to process massive data, and its novel physical meaning of similarity between nodes defined by structural connection and availability. In addition, in order to avoid huge memory resource consumption caused by ‘Big Data’ of C‐DBLP, we strengthen BSCHE as a framework (BSCHEF) by our proposed ‘count‐pointer‐strategy’ imitated from incremental batch process to detect co‐author communities on C‐DBLP. The experiment results show that BSCHEF can find sets of communities on C‐DBLP more effectively with the highest modularity value and the least execution time compared to other clustering algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Selective One‐Pot Fluorophosphorylation of d,d‐Heptosylglycals Mediated by Selectfluor
Authors: Vincent Stéphane P. , Tikad Abdellatif 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study describes the development of a novel procedure of glycal fluorophosphorylation applied to the synthesis of a fluorinated analogue of an important bacterial metabolite. This procedure was applied to several heptose‐derived glycals, and the stereochemical outcome of the reaction was analyzed. Under optimized conditions, the reaction is β‐gluco selective, but a significant amount of the α‐gluco diastereomer is also generated.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI: Use in predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Tong Tong , Sun Yiqun , Gollub Marc J. , Peng Weijun , Cai Sanjun , Zhang Zhen , Gu Yajia 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo determine the ability of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) to predict pathological complete response (pCR) before preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer.Materials and MethodsIn a prospective clinical trial, 38 enrolled patients underwent pre‐ and post‐CRT DCE‐MRI at 3.0T. The tumor length and the following perfusion parameters (Ktrans, kep, ve) were measured for the tumor and compared between the pCR group and the non‐pCR group, as well as before and after CRT. For categorical variable comparison, the Kruskal‐Wallis test was used. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsNo difference in tumor length was found between the pCR and non‐pCR group pre‐ and post‐CRT (P = 0.26 (0.15,0.45), 0.35 (0.21,0.52), respectively). Before CRT, the mean tumor Ktrans in the pCR group was significantly higher than in the non‐pCR group (P = 0.01). A Ktrans of 0.66 emerged as the best cutoff for distinguishing pCR from non‐pCR. Regarding kep and ve, significant differences were also observed between the pCR and non‐pCR groups (P = 0.02, 0.01, respectively). The mean Ktrans, kep, and ve values post‐CRT were lower in the pCR group than in the non‐pCR group, although there was no significant difference (P = 0.10 (0.04,0.16), 0.11 (0.07,0.26), 0.10 (0.06,0.23), respectively).ConclusionBefore neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer, DCE‐MRI can distinguish between complete and incomplete response using a Ktrans threshold of 0.66 with a sensitivity of 100%. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:673–680.
On the determination of noise parameters of low‐noise transistor devices
Authors: Seelmann‐Eggebert M. , Aja B. , Baldischweiler B. , Moschetti G. , Massler H. , Bruch D. , Schlechtweg M. , Ambacher O. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the experimental determination of noise parameters for high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) devices and analyze the problems encountered with conventional extraction techniques. HEMT devices are distinguished by a very small minimum noise figure of only a fraction of a dB, and this minimum noise is accomplished with a source reflection coefficient very close to the edge of the Smith chart. These properties impede a direct experimental determination of the optimum noise impedance by means of a tuner, and it has to be extrapolated from measurements of a large number of tuner states. Common linear regression techniques are found to yield erroneous results and even may fail completely to determine the noise parameters. We develop criteria to check the uncertainty of the result from the linear regression and show that, in general, the result needs to be examined for consistency. The occasional failure of extraction is traced back to a consistency violation in the conditions the elements of the correlation matrix need to satisfy. A new iterative technique is suggested for the extraction of noise parameters that warrants consistency. Moreover, a correction of the receiver gain is found to be necessary to obtain a good reproduction of the measured power patterns by the extracted noise parameters. This fact was attributed to thermal drift of the receiver. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial pattern characteristics of water footprint for maize production in Northeast China
Authors: Duan Peili , Qin Lijie , Wang Yeqiao , He Hongshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater footprint (WF) methodology is essential for quantifying total water consumption of crop production and making efficient water management policies. This study calculated the green, blue, grey and total WFs of maize production in Northeast China from 1998 to 2012 and compared the values of the provinces. This study also analyzed the spatial variation and structure characteristics of the WFs at the prefecture level.RESULTSThe annual average WF of maize production was 1029 m3 per ton, which was 51% green, 21% blue and 28% grey. The WF of maize production was highest in Liaoning Province, moderate in Heilongjiang Province and lowest in Jilin Province. The spatial differences of the WFs calculated for the 36 major maize production prefectures were significant in Northeast China. There was a moderate positive spatial autocorrelation among prefectures that had similar WFs. Local indicator of spatial autocorrelation index (LISA) analysis identified prefectures with higher WFs in the southeast region of Liaoning Province and the southwest region of Heilongjiang Province and prefectures with lower WFs in the middle of Jilin Province.CONCLUSIONSpatial differences in the WF of maize production were caused mainly by variations in climate conditions, soil quality, irrigation facilities and maize yield. The spatial distribution of WFs can help provide a scientific basis for optimizing maize production distribution and then formulate strategies to reduce the WF of maize production. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of the frequency of laser toning for melasma on occurrence of leukoderma and its early detection by ultraviolet imaging
Authors: Sugawara Jun , Kou Seiko , Kou Sousei , Yasumura Kazunori , Satake Toshihiko , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectiveLaser “toning” with a Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has recently been described to be effective for the treatment of melasma. Leukoderma is a refractory complication of laser toning for melasma, but it can be detected early with ultraviolet (UV) imaging. We assessed the relationship between leukoderma and the frequency or total number of laser toning sessions, as well as the effectiveness of UV imaging for detecting leukoderma.Materials and MethodsThe subjects included 147 patients who received at least five laser toning sessions. Subjects were classified into three groups according to the frequency of treatment (weekly for Group A1, fortnightly for Group A2, and monthly for Group B), and the incidence of leukoderma was compared among the three groups. In patients who developed leukoderma, the interval between clinical diagnosis and leukoderma detection on UV images (obtained with a Visia Evolution during every laser toning session) was determined to evaluate the effectiveness of UV imaging for the early detection of leukoderma.ResultsThe overall incidence of leukoderma was 2% (3/147 patients): 3.8% (1/26 patients) in Group A1, 4% (2/49 patients) in Group A2, and 0% (0/72 patients) in Group B. There were no significant differences in the incidence of leukoderma relative to the frequency of laser toning. In two of the three patients who developed leukoderma, it was diagnosed clinically at the 20th and 21st laser toning session, whereas it was diagnosed by UV imaging at the 12th and 13th session. In the remaining 1 patient, leukoderma was detected clinically and by UV imaging at the 7th session.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the incidence of leukoderma related to the frequency of laser toning. This study showed that there are two types of leukoderma associated with laser toning. UV imaging was effective for the early detection of type 1 leukoderma, which seems to be related to the cumulative laser energy delivered, but not for detecting type 2 leukoderma, which may be due to direct phototoxicity. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:161–167, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIBaSS: hierarchical identity‐based signature scheme for AMI downlink transmission
Authors: Ye Feng , Qian Yi , Hu Rose Qingyang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is the key to demand‐side management system in smart grid. The communication over AMI consists of plenty important data, which have different security requirements. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical identity‐based signature scheme (HIBaSS) to enhance the sender authentication for downlink transmission of AMI. The downlink in AMI mainly distributes control messages such as price and tariff information to the smart meters. Unlike the metering data in the uplink transmission that requires confidentiality, most of the control messages in downlink only require data integrity and sender authentication. Moreover, since most of the control messages are valid for a relatively long time period (e.g., an hour), more complicated but stronger cryptographic schemes can be applied in downlink AMI. In our proposed HIBaSS, each smart meter does not trust a signature from a single data aggregate point (DAP) although it includes the original signature from the authentication server (AS), because a smart meter has no way to verify a message or a DAP directly with the AS. Instead, a smart meter receives a group signature created by all the DAPs with certificates from the AS that prevents the messages from forgery, manipulation and repudiation. The performance evaluation also shows that HIBaSS is efficient enough to be applied in the AMI downlink transmission. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age and Obesity are Independent Predictors of Bile Duct Injuries in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Aziz Hassan , Pandit Viraj , Joseph Bellal , Jie Tun , Ong Evan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionIatrogenic bile duct injury is a serious complication of cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of bile duct injury using a national database.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010–2012) was queried for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We used a) diagnoses for bile duct injury and b) bile duct injury repair procedure codes as a surrogate marker for bile duct injuries.ResultsA total of 1,015 patients had bile duct injury. The mean age was 58.2 ± 19.7 years, 53.5 % were males, and median Charlson co‐morbidity score was 2 [2, 3]. Multivariate analysis revealed morbid obesity [2.8 (2.1–4.3); p = 0.03] and age >65 [1.5 (1.05–2.1); p = 0.01] as the independent predictors for bile duct injury in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.ConclusionOur study finds a new association between obesity, aging, and bile duct injuries which has never been reported in literature before.
Oxidative Stability and Changes in Chemical Composition of Extra Virgin Olive Oils After Short‐Term Deep‐Frying of French Fries
Authors: Akil Emília , Castelo‐Branco Vanessa Naciuk , Costa André Mesquita Magalhães , do Amaral Vendramini Ana Lúcia , Calado Verônica , Torres Alexandre Guedes 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe aimed at investigating oxidative stability and changes in fatty acid and tocopherol composition of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in comparison with refined seed oils during short‐term deep‐frying of French fries, and changes in the composition of the French fries deep‐fried in EVOO. EVOO samples from Spain, Brazil, and Portugal, and refined seed oils of soybean and sunflower were studied. Oil samples were used for deep‐frying of French fries at 180 °C, for up to 75 min of successive frying. Tocopherol and fatty acid composition were determined in fresh and spent vegetable oils. Tocopherol, fatty acid, and volatile composition (by SPME–GC–MS) were also determined in French fries deep‐fried in EVOO. Oil oxidation was monitored by peroxide, acid, and p‐anisidine values, and by Rancimat after deep‐frying. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used as a proxy of the quality of the spent oils. EVOOs presented the lowest degree of oleic and linoleic acids losses, low formation of free fatty acids and carbonyl compounds, and were highly stable after deep‐frying. In addition, oleic acid, tocopherols, and flavor compounds were transferred from EVOO into the French fries. In conclusion, EVOOs were more stable than refined seed oils during short‐term deep‐frying of French fries and also contributed to enhance the nutritional value, and possibly improve the flavor, of the fries prepared in EVOO.
How Do Zoos ‘Talk’ to Their General Visitors? Do Visitors ‘Listen’? A Mixed Method Investigation of the Communication Between Modern Zoos and Their General Visitors
Authors: Roe Katie , McConney Andrew , Mansfield Caroline F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractModern zoos utilise a variety of education tools for communicating with visitors. Previous research has discussed the benefits of providing multiple education communications, yet little research provides an indication of what communications are being employed within zoos today. This research is a two-phased, mixed-methods investigation into the communication between zoos and their general visitors. Phase 1 involved an online questionnaire to which 176 zoos from 50 countries reported on the types of education communications they typically use for their general visitors. The second phase comprised nine zoo case studies, enabling direct observation and face-to-face interviews on site with zoo staff and zoo visitors. The findings of this research provide a snapshot of education communications offered to zoo visitors, and indicate that zoo exhibit signage remains the most prevalent medium. The findings further indicate that 95% of visitors read at least some exhibit signs and that more than 70% of participating zoos utilise person-to-person education. The implications of these findings for improving zoos’ educational communication are discussed.
Targeted temperature management: It is not yet time to change your target temperature
Authors: Clinkard David , Cameron Andrew , Howes Daniel , Ball Ian 
Published: February 2015

Clinical questionIn unconscious patients of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, does targeted temperature management to 36°C (96.8°F) improve outcomes compared to the standard target of 32°C–34°C (89.6°F–93.2°F)?Article chosenNielson N, Wetterslev J, Cronberg T, et al. Targeted temperature management at 33°C versus 36°C after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2197-2206.ObjectiveTo determine which temperature, 33°C (91.4°F) or 36°C (96.8°F), is associated with lower mortality and better neurologic function after cardiac arrest.
IN DEFENCE OF TRANSMISSION
Authors: Wright Stephen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAccording totransmissiontheories of testimony, a listener's belief in a speaker's testimony can be supported by the speaker's justification for what she says. The most powerful objection to transmission theories is Jennifer Lackey'spersistent believercase. I argue that important features about the epistemology of testimony reveal how transmission theories can account for Lackey's case. Specifically, I argue that transmission theorists should hold that transmission happens only if a listener believes a speaker's testimony based on the presumption that the speaker has justification for what she says. If this does not happen in thepersistent believercase, then the case is no counterexample to transmission. If this does happen in thepersistent believercase, then there is an available framework for rejecting the idea that the listener's belief is in fact justified.
Linear and nonlinear modelling of a theoretical travelling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine
Authors: Scalo Carlo , Lele Sanjiva K. , Hesselink Lambertus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe have carried out three-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations, from quiescent conditions to the limit cycle, of a theoretical travelling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine (TAE) composed of a long variable-area resonator shrouding a smaller annular tube, which encloses the hot (HHX) and ambient (AHX) heat exchangers, and the regenerator (REG). Simulations are wall-resolved, with no-slip and adiabatic conditions enforced at all boundaries, while the heat transfer and drag due to the REG and HXs are modelled. HHX temperatures have been investigated in the range 440–500 K with the AHX temperature fixed at 300 K. The initial exponential growth of acoustic energy is due to a network of travelling waves thermoacoustically amplified by looping around the REG/HX unit in the direction of the imposed temperature gradient. A simple analytical model demonstrates that such instability is a localized Lagrangian thermodynamic process resembling a Stirling cycle. An inviscid system-wide linear stability model based on Rott’s theory is able to accurately predict the operating frequency and the growth rate, exhibiting properties consistent with a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The limit cycle is governed by acoustic streaming – a rectified steady flow resulting from high-amplitude nonlinear acoustics. Its key features are explained with an axially symmetric incompressible model driven by the wave-induced stresses extracted from the compressible calculations. These features include Gedeon streaming, Rayleigh streaming in the resonator, and mean recirculations due to flow separation. The first drives the mean advection of hot fluid from the HHX to a secondary heat exchanger (AHX2), in the thermal buffer tube (TBT), necessary to achieve saturation of the acoustic energy growth. The direct evaluation of the nonlinear energy fluxes reveals that the efficiency of the device deteriorates with the drive ratio and that the acoustic power in the TBT is balanced primarily by the mean advection and thermoacoustic heat transport.
A new protein evaluation system for horse feed from literature data
Authors: Zeyner Annette , Kirchhof Susanne , Susenbeth A. , Südekum K.-H. , Kienzle Ellen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFew data on apparent pre-caecal digestibility (APCD) of crude protein (CP) and particularly amino acids (AA) are available from studies with horses. Protein bound in cell walls (i.e. neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP)) is unlikely to be decomposed by digestive enzymes in the small intestine. In contrast the corresponding analytical fraction of neutral detergent soluble CP (NDSCP) (NDSCP = CP−NDICP) is likely to be available for auto-enzymatic digestion. A literature analysis on the relationship between NDICP/NDSCP and pre-caecal indigestible/digestible CP was carried out. There was a strong positive relationship between NDICP and pre-caecal indigestible CP, which suggests that NDICP can be used to estimate the part of protein that is not available for digestion in the small intestine. There was also a correlation between NDSCP and pre-caecal digestible protein. The slope of the linear regression line between NDICP and pre-caecal digestible CP was 0·9, suggesting an APCD of NDSCP of 90 %. Thus pre-caecal digestible CP may be predicted by multiplying NDSCP by 0·9. Because the literature identifies a similar AA profile in NDICP and NDSCP within a given feed the presented concept may preliminarily be transferred to AA. The proposed system can at any time be adapted to the scientific progress without altering its structure. Such adaptations would be necessary particularly when new knowledge exist on the distribution of AA onto NDICP/NDSCP, the APCD of individual AA from NDSCP, and the impact of feed processing and chewing on particle sizes and protein digestibility.