bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing ICT in schools in England: Rationale and consequences
Authors: Hammond Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper provides a critical perspective on the attempts to promote the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning in England. It describes the rationale given for the introduction of ICT in terms of its potential to impact on educational standards to contribute to developing a curriculum which has more vocational/social significance and, more generally, to provide a catalyst for curriculum reform. The introduction of ICT is underpinned by the argument that schools should show a higher degree of correspondence with a wider world where the use of technology is pervasive. However, the claims made for ICT display excessive optimism and a sense of “inevitability.” ICT has had only a modest impact on schools, though impact has to be considered in the context of what can realistically be expected: the contribution of ICT has not been negligible. Future development in the use of ICT should be more measured and adaptive, taking account of the multidimensional nature of technology.
Ontogenetic Changes in Carbohydrate Storage and Sprouting Ability in Pioneer Tree Species in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kenzo Tanaka , Ichie Tomoaki , Yoneda Reiji , Tanaka‐Oda Ayumi , Azani Mohamad A. , Majid Nik M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSprouting ability is highly variable among different tree species. In many cases, there are trade‐offs in carbon allocations between growth and storage in seedlings. However, this trade‐off is likely to change with growth stages from seedling to mature plant because carbon investments in reproductive activities and/or risk of disturbance also change by species and growth stage. To examine how sprouting ability and carbohydrate storage change with growth stage, we compared two tropical secondary‐forest trees, Macaranga bancana and M. gigantea, which have different ecological traits. Maximum tree size and growth rate are higher in M. gigantea. We monitored sprout growth and stored resources, including total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) and nitrogen in the root, among different tree sizes for 12 months following stem‐cutting treatment. Sprouting ability (total sprout mass) and TNC concentrations were significantly higher in small individuals than in larger specimens in both species. TNC concentration decreased in all size classes after stem cutting. Macaranga bancana had greater sprout survivorship than M. gigantea, which had higher sprouting ability in larger tree‐size classes. Thus, sprouting ability likely depends on root TNC concentration and tree‐size class in both Macaranga species. Higher TNC concentration and sprout survival rates in M. bancana may be related to greater carbon allocation in survival than in growth. This hypothesis is consistent with the ecological traits of M. bancana, such as its growth rate, which was lower than that of M. gigantea.
Seasonal spatial distribution of juvenile lake sturgeon in Muskegon Lake, Michigan, USA
Authors: Altenritter Matthew E. L. , Wieten Alex C. , Ruetz Carl R. , Smith Kregg M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe examined seasonal spatial distribution and diel movements of juvenile lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in Muskegon Lake, Michigan (a protected, drowned river mouth lake that links the Muskegon River to Lake Michigan). We surgically implanted ultrasonic tags in 20 juveniles (age 1–7) captured in gill nets to track their locations during August–December 2008/2009 and September 2010–October 2011. Most juveniles were observed ≤1.5 km from the mouth of the Muskegon River in Muskegon Lake at a mean depth of 7.5 m (SE = 1.3 m) during summer. In fall, juveniles moved away from the river mouth to the deepest part of Muskegon Lake and were observed at a mean depth of 15.8 m (SE = 1.3 m) during winter. The shift in spatial distribution coincided with fall turnover (i.e., loss of thermal stratification) and with changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in the hypolimnion. During summer, DO concentrations in the hypolimnion were typically <4 mg·l−1 in the deepest part of Muskegon Lake and DO concentrations at locations of tagged lake sturgeon were >7 mg·l−1 in 94% of instances. Tracking in 2009 revealed no significant change in depth distribution or movement over the diel cycle. We only observed two tagged juveniles immigrating to Lake Michigan, suggesting that juveniles use Muskegon Lake for multiple years. Our results suggest that: (i) Muskegon Lake serves as an important nursery habitat for juvenile lake sturgeon that hatched in the Muskegon River before they enter Lake Michigan and (ii) seasonal changes in DO concentration in the hypolimnion likely affect the spatial distribution of juveniles in Muskegon Lake.
Moderate‐intensity treadmill running promotes expansion of the satellite cell pool in young and old mice
Authors: Shefer Gabi , Rauner Gat , Stuelsatz Pascal , Benayahu Dafna , Yablonka‐Reuveni Zipora 
Published: March 2013

Satellite cells, the myogenic progenitors located at the myofibre surface, are essential for the repair of adult skeletal muscle. There is ample evidence for an age‐linked decline in the number of satellite cells and performance in limb muscles. Hence, an effective means of activating and expanding the satellite cell pool may enhance muscle maintenance and reduce the impact of age‐associated muscle deterioration (sarcopaenia). Accordingly, in the present study, we explored the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on satellite cells in young and old mice. Animals were subjected to an 8‐week moderate‐intensity treadmill‐running approach that does not inflict apparent muscle damage (0° inclination, 11.5 m·min−1 for 30 min·day−1, 6 days·week−1). Myofibres of extensor digitorum longus muscles were then isolated from exercised and sedentary mice and used for monitoring the number of satellite cells, as well as for harvesting individual satellite cells for clonal growth assays. We specifically focused on satellite cell pools of single myofibres, with the view that daily wear of muscles probably affects individual myofibres rather than causing overall muscle damage. We found an expansion of the satellite cell pool in the exercised groups compared to the sedentary groups, with the same increase (~ 1.6‐fold) in both ages. The results of the present study are in agreement with our findings obtained using rat gastrocnemius, indicating the consistent effect of exercise on satellite cell expansion in limb muscles. The experimental paradigm established in the present study is useful for investigating satellite cell dynamics at the myofibre niche, as well as for broader investigations of the impact of physiologically and pathologically relevant factors on adult myogenesis.
Long‐term effects of climatic–hydrological drivers on macroinvertebrate richness and composition in two Mediterranean streams
Authors: Pace Giorgio , Bonada Núria , Prat Narcís 
Published: March 2013

Summary

The unique information provided by multiyear data sets can aid in detecting major long‐term trends and making predictions with respect to environmental and biological variables. These trends are expected to differ among climatic regions but little information exists concerning long‐term variability within a particular climate region.

We analysed the long‐term (14‐year time span) patterns in species richness and composition of aquatic insects (EPT: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in relation to changes in temperature, precipitation and discharge in two reference streams in Catalonia (north‐east Spain). Our study sites were located in the Mediterranean macroclimate region but in different mesoclimatic areas, one in the Wet Mediterranean climate area and the other in the Dry Mediterranean climate area (WM and DM, respectively).

At the macroclimate scale, precipitation decreased and the frequency of drought events increased during the 14‐year period. Although the mean number of taxa in each of the two sites remained similar, there was a replacement of species characteristic of riffle‐like conditions by species characteristic of pool‐like conditions over time in both sites.

EPT composition differed between sites at the mesoclimate scale, demonstrating the importance of regional factors. In particular, changes in EPT composition were less variable in WM than in DM both in the short term and in the long term, indicating that the WM site was less constrained by climate than the DM site. Such differences between mesoclimates are related to differences in flood magnitude (higher in WM) and drought frequency (more frequent in DM) as well as local hydromorphological differences.

Our findings indicate that the streams responded similarly to long‐term patterns in large‐scale variables (i.e. those affecting the overall macroclimatic region), but differed with respect to the effect of local‐scale variables (i.e. those differentially affecting each mesoclimatic area). Predictive bio‐assessment models that use reference conditions must incorporate long‐term variability to accurately assess the ecological status of Mediterranean climate streams.
Complications after polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) injections in the face: a literature review
Authors: Medeiros Clarissa C. G. , Cherubini Karen , Salum Fernanda G. , de Figueiredo Maria Antonia Z. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThis article is a review of the several types of complications due to facial fillers containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).BackgroundPolymethylmethacrylate facial fillers are used to soften the results of the ageing process and to augment tissue. Although considered safe for the most part by advocates, they have been associated with many adverse reactions such as ecchymosis, haematomas, swelling, itching, erythema, hypertrophic scarring, hypersensitivity, palpable nodules, tissue necrosis, blindness and foreign body granuloma.Materials and methodsThe articles presented in this review are the result of a search and selection of literature from theNationalCenter forBiotechnology Information (NCBI) database, which met the inclusion criteria for the study.ConclusionPolymethylmethacrylate is widely used because it is inexpensive, readily accessible and simple to apply. However, some complications are severe and permanent and can be confused with other types of stomatological lesions.
Trauma Exposure versus Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Relative Associations With Migraine
Authors: Smitherman Todd A. , Kolivas Elizabeth D. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent research has uncovered associations between migraine and experiencing traumatic events, the latter of which in some cases eventuates in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, existing studies have not attempted to explore the relative associations with migraine between experiencing trauma and suffering from PTSD.ObjectivesThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the predictive utility of trauma exposure vs PTSD in predicting migraine status and headache frequency, severity, and disability.MethodsOne thousand fifty‐one young adults (mean age = 18.9 years [SD = 1.4]; 63.1% female; 20.6% non‐Caucasian) without secondary causes of headache provided data from measures of headache symptomatology and disability, trauma and PTSD symptomatology, and depression and anxiety. Three hundred met diagnostic criteria for migraine and were compared on trauma exposure and PTSD prevalence with 751 participants without migraine.ResultsSeven hundred twenty‐eight participants (69.3%) reported experiencing at least 1 traumatic event consistent with Criterion A for PTSD, of whom 184 also met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Migraineurs were almost twice as likely as controls to meet criteria for PTSD (25.7% vs 14.2%, P < .0001) and reported a higher number of traumatic event types that happened to them personally (3.0 vs 2.4, P < .0001). However, experiencing a Criterion A event only was not a significant predictor of migraine either alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, P = nonsignificant) or after adjustment for covariates. By comparison, the OR of migraine for those with a PTSD diagnosis (vs no Criterion A event) was 2.30 (P < .0001), which remained significant after controlling for relevant covariates (OR = 1.75, P = .009). When using continuous variables of trauma and PTSD symptomatology, PTSD was again most strongly associated with migraine. Numerous sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. PTSD symptomatology, but not the number of traumas, was modestly but significantly associated with headache frequency, severity, and disability in univariate analyses.ConclusionsConsistently across analyses, PTSD was a robust predictor of migraine, whereas trauma exposure alone was not. These data support the notion that it is not exposure to trauma itself that is principally associated with migraine, but rather the development and severity of PTSD symptoms resulting from such exposure.
Use of Common Migraine Treatments in Breast‐Feeding Women: A Summary of Recommendations
Authors: Hutchinson Susan , Marmura Michael J. , Calhoun Anne , Lucas Sylvia , Silberstein Stephen , Peterlin B. Lee 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundBreast‐feeding has important health and emotional benefits for both mother and infant, and should be encouraged. While there are some data to suggest migraine may improve during breast‐feeding, more than half of women experience migraine recurrence with 1 month of delivery. Thus, a thorough knowledge base of the safety and recommended use of common acute and preventive migraine drugs during breast‐feeding is vital to clinicians treating migraine sufferers. Choice of treatment should take into account the balance of benefit and risk of medication. For some of the medications commonly used during breast‐feeding, there is not good evidence about benefits.MethodsA list of commonly used migraine medications was agreed upon by the 6 authors, who treat migraine and other headaches on a regular basis and are members of the Women's Special Interest Section of the American Headache Society. Each medication was researched by the first author utilizing widely accepted data sources, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics publication “The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk; Thomas Hale's manual Medications and Mothers Milk; Briggs, Freeman, and Yaffe's reference book Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation; and the National Library of Medicine's Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) – a peer‐reviewed and fully referenced database available online.ResultsMany commonly used migraine medications may be compatible with breast‐feeding based on expert recommendations. Ibuprofen, diclofenac, and eletriptan are among acute medications with low levels in breast milk, but studies of triptans are limited. Toxicity is a concern with aspirin due to an association with Reye's syndrome; sedation or apnea is a concern with opioids. Finally, preventive medications not recommended include zonisamide, atenolol, and tizanidine.ConclusionsSeveral excellent resources are available for clinicians making treatment decisions in breast‐feeding women. Clinicians treating migraine should discuss both acute and preventive treatment options shortly before and within a few months after delivery, keeping in mind the clinical features of the individual patient, and in consultation with their obstetrician and pediatrician. An awareness of the pharmacological data that are currently available and how to access that data may be helpful in making treatment decisions in this population.
Periurethral skeletal myofibre implantation in patients with urinary incontinence and intrinsic sphincter deficiency: a phase I clinical trial
Authors: Yiou René , Hogrel Jean‐Yves , Loche Catherine‐Marie , Authier François‐Jerome , Lecorvoisier Philippe , Jouany Pauline , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal 
Published: March 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Cell therapy using muscle precursor cell (MPC) injections has shown promise for urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), but the cell‐preparation process is complex and costly. Implantation of freshly isolated myofibres carrying MPCs, mainly satellite cells, was very efficient in repairing muscle damage in recent animal experiments.
In a phase I clinical trial, we investigated whether periurethral myofibre implantation generated local myogenesis and improved continence in 10 patients (five men and five women) with ISD. We found that myofibre implantation increased intraurethral pressure and periurethral electromyographic activity in patients with ISD. There were no serious side‐effects.
Objectives
To assess the safety of periurethral myofibre implantation in patients with urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)
To assess the resulting myogenic process and effects on urinary continence.
Patients and Methods
An open‐label non‐randomised phase I clinical trial was conducted in five men and five women with ISD (mean age, 62.5 years).
A free muscle strip from the patient's gracilis muscle was implanted around the urethra as a means to deliver locally myofibres and muscle precursor cells (MPCs).
Patients were assessed for collection formation and incomplete bladder emptying.
The maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and concomitant periurethral electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery. Continence was assessed using the 24‐h pad test and self‐completed questionnaires, for 12 months.
Results
There were no serious side‐effects.
Continence improved significantly during the 12‐month follow‐up in four of the five women, including two who recovered normal continence. In the women, MUCP increased two‐fold and de novo EMG periurethral activity was recorded. In the men, MUCP and EMG recordings showed similar improvements but the effect on continence was moderate.
The few patients enrolled could affect these results.
Conclusions
This is the first report of a one‐step procedure for transferring autologous MPCs via myofibre implantation in patients with ISD.
EMG and urodynamic assessments showed improvement of periurethral muscle activity.
Further work is needed to confirm and improve the therapeutic efficiency of this procedure.
Mustn't Grumble: Immigration, Health and Health Service Use in the UK and Germany*
Authors: Wadsworth Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA rise in population caused by increased immigration is sometimes accompanied by concerns that the increase in population puts additional or differential pressure on welfare services, which might affect the net fiscal contribution of immigrants. The UK and Germany have experienced significant increases in immigration in recent years and this study uses longitudinal data from both countries to examine whether immigrants differ in their use of health services from native‐born individuals on arrival and over time. While immigrants to Germany, but not the UK, are more likely to self‐report poor health than the native‐born population, the samples of immigrants use hospital and GP services at broadly the same rate as the native‐born populations in both countries. Controls for observed and unobserved differences between immigrants and native‐born sample populations make little difference to these broad findings.
The Distributional Impact of the Greek Crisis in 2010*
Authors: Matsaganis Manos , Leventi Chrysa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe severe economic crisis affecting Greece is widely thought to be having a significant social impact in terms of greater inequality and increased poverty. We provide an early assessment of whether (and to what extent) this was the case in 2010, the first year of the Greek crisis. We distinguish between two interrelated factors: on the one hand, the austerity policies taken to reduce fiscal deficits; on the other hand, the wider recession. Using a tax–benefit model, we attempt to quantify the distributional implications of both. With respect to the austerity policies, we focus on the changes affecting taxation, pension benefits and public sector pay. With respect to the wider recession, we model the effects of rising unemployment and inflation, as well as of lower earnings for self‐employed workers and for employees of private firms. In simulating the impact of these changes on the distribution of incomes (and in estimating how the total burden of the crisis is shared across income groups), we take into account tax evasion and benefit non‐take‐up. We conclude by discussing the main findings, methodological pitfalls and policy implications of our research.
A PATIENT PERSPECTIVE ON THE BARRIERS TO HOME DIALYSIS
Authors: Hope Jonathon 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIntroductionPeople with End Stage Renal Disease rarely choose home dialysis therapies even though they can offer a range of Quality‐of‐Life (QOL) benefits such as improved convenience, mental health well‐being, employment, reduced mortality and cost effectiveness. Attempts to increase usage of such self‐caring modalities, have met with limited success, in part due to a lack of understanding of patient decision making and patient perceived barriers to such therapies.ObjectiveTo explore the patient perspective on the main barriers to a range of self‐care or home dialysis therapies, including Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, Home Haemodialysis and Extended Home Haemodialysis.Materials and methodsA longitudinal patient narrative approach is adopted.ResultsThere are significant barriers to all aspects of informed decision making around home therapies, but many are based on perception. Creating decision aids and education programmes to tackle these perceived barriers, actively encouraging home therapy take up, focusing on QOL in clinical decision making, offering peer support and expanded in‐centre self‐care treatment options may increase awareness and uptake of self‐care therapies.
A NEW PARADIGM: HOME THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WHO START DIALYSIS IN AN UNPLANNED WAY
Authors: Lecouf Angelique , Ryckelynck Jean‐Philippe , Ficheux Maxence , Henri Patrick , Lobbedez Thierry 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundStarting dialysis in a non‐planned manner or in a ‘suboptimal’ manner is a frequent situation in dialysis centres, even for patients with a regular nephrology follow‐up. Unplanned dialysis initiation can be defined as a patient beginning dialysis with no functional vascular access or peritoneal dialysis catheter. These patients start haemodialysis with a temporary catheter, frequently converted to a tunnelled catheter pending native fistula creation or whilst waiting for fistula maturation. In this case, conventional in‐centre haemodialysis (ICH) is more frequently used than peritoneal dialysis (PD) or home haemodialysis (HHD).Review findingsThis review found that patients who start dialysis in an unplanned way are significantly older and have more heart and peripheral vascular diseases. Home‐based dialysis therapies showed better outcomes than ICH (PD for the first two to three years and HHD for the long‐term).RecommendationsThis review proposes a paradigm shift in the initial form of dialysis offered to new patients starting dialysis in an unplanned way. Even if they require a temporary catheter, it is possible for them to receive a pre‐dialysis education programme (PDEP). The PDEP should be based on both individualised information session(s) given by an experienced nurse to the patient and family and therapeutic education (educative diagnosis, individualised and group session(s)) in order to relieve anxiety and promote home modalities.