bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between magnesium concentration and HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (儿童与青少年1型糖尿病患者的镁浓度与HbA1c之间的关系)
Authors: Galli‐Tsinopoulou Assimina , Maggana Ioanna , Kyrgios Ioannis , Mouzaki Konstantina , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Stylianou Charilaos , Karavanaki Kyriaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundMagnesium levels may be decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), influencing disease control. Relevant studies concern mainly adults and there are few data from the pediatric population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate magnesium levels and examine their possible association with glycemic control in youths with T1DM.MethodsIn all, 138 children and adolescents with T1DM aged between 1.9 and 20.3 years were recruited to the study. Using a cross‐sectional design, we measured anthropometric parameters, HbA1c, serum magnesium, ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and urinary albumin (UA). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on serum creatinine concentrations, was also calculated.ResultsLower levels of magnesium were found in subjects with poor versus good glycemic control (0.79 ± 0.09 vs 0.82 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.002). Serum magnesium levels were negatively correlated with HbA1c (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with UA, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium levels (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors, only magnesium levels remained significantly associated with HbA1c (adjusted r2 = 0.172; P = 0.004). The odds ratio for poor glycemic control, indicated by HbA1c >7.5%, between the highest and lowest magnesium concentration quartiles was 0.190 and amounted to a decrease of 1.7% in the HbA1c level.ConclusionsThe present study shows that low serum magnesium levels in children and adolescents with T1DM are associated with an increased risk of poor glycemic control, potentially contributing to the early development of cardiovascular complications.
Association between neurosyphilis and diabetes mellitus: Resurgence of an old problem 神经梅毒与糖尿病的关系：“旧事”再现
Authors: Yang Tianci , Tong Manli , Xi Ya , Guo Xiaojing , Chen Yuyan , Zhang Yafeng , Zhang Qiao , Liu Long , Chen Fuyi , Huang Songjie , Zhang Huilin , Zheng Weihong , Lin Lirong , Liu Lili , Jiang Jie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundSyphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, is commonly referred to as the “great imitator” because of its wide‐ranging clinical presentations. Recently, we noticed that patients with neurosyphilis (NS) seemed to be more susceptible to complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This is an interesting phenomenon, but it also puzzles clinicians because of scant knowledge about this situation.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted to explore the association between NS and DM. Clinical data and the prevalence of DM among NS patients, patients with syphilis but not NS (syphilis/non‐NS), non‐syphilis patients, and healthy controls were analyzed. In addition, we explored the time of occurrence of NS and DM.ResultsFasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels in NS patients were significantly higher than in syphilis/non‐NS patients, non‐syphilis patients, and healthy controls (P < 0.05). In all, 45 of 149 NS patients (30.2%) were diagnosed with DM. The prevalence of DM in NS patients was significantly higher than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between the prevalence of DM and the type of NS (e.g. asymptomatic NS, syphilitic meningitis, meningovascular NS, general paresis, and tabes dosalis). In the study population, 57.8% of NS patients were diagnosed with DM at the same time, whereas 80.0% were diagnosed with DM within 5 years of their diagnosis of NS.ConclusionsBased on the results of the present study, DM is not merely an occasional chance occurrence in NS patients. There is an association between NS and DM.
Age adjustment of diabetes prevalence: Use of 2010 US Census data 根据年龄调整的糖尿病患病率：使用美国2010年人口普查数据
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Ford Earl S. , Zhao Guixiang , Wen Xiao‐Jun , Gotway Carol A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing interest in using the 2010 US Census data for age adjustment after the Census data are officially released. This report discusses the rationale, procedures, demonstrations, and caveats of age adjustment using the 2010 US Census data.MethodsEmpirical data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the 2010 US Census age composition were used in demonstrations of computing the age‐adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes by race/ethnicity, across various geographic regions, and over time.ResultsThe use of the 2010 US Census data yielded higher age‐adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes than using the 2000 projected US population data. The differences persisted across geographic regions, among racial/ethnic groups, and over time. Sixteen age compositions were generated to facilitate the use of the 2010 Census data in age adjustment. The SAS survey procedures and SUDAAN software programs yielded similar age‐adjusted prevalence estimates of diagnosed diabetes.ConclusionsUsing the 2010 US Census data tends to yield a higher age‐adjusted measure than using the 2000 projected US population data. Consistent use of a standard population and age composition is recommended once they are chosen for age adjustment.
Case Study: Community Nursing Care Plan for an Elderly Patient With Urinary Incontinence and Social Interaction Problems After Prostatectomy
Authors: Brito‐Brito Pedro Ruymán , Oter‐Quintana Cristina , Martín‐García Ángel , Alcolea‐Cosín Mª Teresa , Martín‐Iglesias Susana , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Domingo Ángel 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show nursing procedures and standardized languages in care provided by community nurses to a patient affected by urinary incontinence after a prostatectomy.Data SourcesData were extracted from patient interviews during various consultations with the community nurse, and from electronic health records. The care plan was based on available scientific evidence.Data SynthesisClinical reasoning was used to select NANDA‐I diagnoses, nursing outcomes classification, and nursing interventions classification.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence problems have a physical, psychological, and social development impact on people who suffer from this condition.ObjetivoMostrar el uso del proceso enfermero y lenguajes estandarizados en la atención prestada por la enfermera comunitaria a un paciente con incontinencia urinaria tras prostatectomía.Fuentes de datosLos datos procedieron de las entrevistas con el paciente, durante las sucesivas consultas con la enfermera comunitaria, y de la historia clínica electrónica. Para planificar los cuidados se partió de la evidencia científica disponible.Análisis de los datosSe utilizó el razonamiento clínico para seleccionar los diagnósticos NANDA‐I, resultados e intervenciones enfermeras.ConclusionesLa incontinencia urinaria impacta sobre la esfera física, psicológica y social de las personas que la sufren.
Sexuality and androgens in women with cyclical mood changes and pre‐menstrual syndrome
Authors: Ekholm Ulla‐Britt , Turkmen Sahruh , Hammarbäck Stefan , Bäckström Torbjörn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relation between androgen levels and sexual interest in women with different kinds of pre‐menstrual syndrome (PMS).DesignCausal comparative study.SettingSwedish university hospital outpatient clinic.PopulationSeventy women with cyclical mood changes.MethodsPre‐menstrual syndrome patients were divided into those with and those without preovulatory symptoms. In 37 women, early follicular phase blood samples were analyzed for androstenedione, testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone and estradiol, using radioimmunoassay. The participants were divided into subgroups depending on whether the levels of androgens and SHBG were above or below the median. In 33 of them it was possible to compare the cyclicity in sexual parameters between these subgroups.Main outcome measuresDaily ratings of sexual parameters and hormonal analyses.ResultsPlasma testosterone was significantly lower and SHBG significantly higher in women with luteal phase symptoms compared with those with additional follicular phase symptoms. ANOVA showed significant cyclicity for all sexual parameters consistently. For the “sexual feelings” and “pleasant sexual thoughts” parameters, cyclicity was the same whether or not the hormonal levels were “high” or “low.”ConclusionsThe “Pure‐PMS” group and the “pre‐menstrual‐exacerbation” groups differed in their androgen and SHBG levels. Women suffering from PMS with higher neuroticism Eysenck Personality Inventory scores or “low” levels of androgens and SHBG would be more likely to have a decreased sexual interest pre‐menstrually than would women with a high level.
Differential expression of antimicrobial polypeptides in cord blood samples of preterm and term infants
Authors: Faust Kirstin , Göpel Wolfgang , Moser Katja , Temole Gloriette , Bartels Maren , Wieg Christian , Tröger Birte , Herting Egbert , Härtel Christoph 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo determine levels of antimicrobial polypeptides (AMP) in cord blood of term and preterm neonates and to investigate influencing factors.MethodsIn a single‐centre study, n = 139 preterm infants and n = 36 term infants were included. AMP levels were analysed in supernatants of whole cord blood cultures with a standardised concentration of 5 × 106 white blood cells/mL via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsLactoferrin, human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1–3 and bacterial permeability‐increasing protein (BPI) expression in cord blood of preterm infants were influenced by the cause of preterm delivery, that is increased levels in infants with clinical amniotic infection. AMP levels also weakly correlated with white blood cell and neutrophil count at birth. In the whole cohort, no association between gestational age or birthweight with AMP levels was found. In the subgroup of infants without clinical amniotic infection (n = 77 preterm infants, n = 36 healthy term infants), we noted a weak correlation between gestational age and lactoferrin, calprotectin and HNP1‐3 levels. In addition to that, we observed higher levels of lactoferrin and HNP1‐3 in large‐for‐gestational‐age infants.ConclusionOur study confirms that several factors influence cord blood AMP levels which underlines the difficulties of using AMP levels as biomarkers of immunological response.
Orbit Rehabilitation with Extraoral Implants: Impact of Radiotherapy
Authors: Guedes Reinaldo , de Mello Monica Marcelino Pires , de Oliveira Joaquim Augusto Piras , Pecorari Vanessa Arias , Abrahão Márcio , Nannmark Ulf , Dib Luciano Lauria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to compare the success rates of osseointegration among irradiated and nonirradiated cases submitted to implant placement for anchorage of orbit prostheses from 2003 to 2011.Materials and MethodsCharts of 45 consecutive patients were analyzed, 31 men and 14 women, and they were divided in two groups, considering previous irradiation therapy. Nonirradiated group had 33 patients, and irradiated group had 12 patients. In total, 138 implants were installed, 42 (30.4%) in previously irradiated bone.ResultsThe overall implant survival rate was 96.4% with a success rate of 99.0% among the nonirradiated patients and 90.5% among the irradiated patients (p = 0.03).ConclusionsResults showed that irradiated sites had a worse prognosis related to success of osseointegration, although the 90.5% survival rate in this group indicates that implant placement is a feasible alternative to anchor orbit prostheses considering the benefits that this technique offers to patients.
Variability in Particle Degradation of Four Commonly Employed Dental Bone Grafts
Authors: Yang Shuang , Lan Liao , Miron Richard J. , Wei Lingfei , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundReplacement bone grafting materials are used clinically for a variety of clinical procedures to augment and replace lost or missing bone. Little information is available regarding their degradation properties.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the degradation rate and modes of degradation of four commonly used bone grafting materials.Materials and MethodsA natural bone mineral (NBM) of bovine origin,NBMin combination with enamel matrix derivative (EMD),LifeNet demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA), andOsteotechDFDBAwere analyzed for particle degradation over time in 3 mm femur defects created in female Wistar rats. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks postimplantation, femur defects were assigned to histological analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin, SafraninO, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) staining were performed to determine the rate of particle degradation, number of osteoclasts around particles, and intensity and localization ofTRAP,RANKL, andMMP‐2 staining.ResultsIn the present study,NBMparticles demonstrated little signs of degradation. The combination ofNBMwithEMDsignificantly increased the number of osteoclasts aroundNBMparticles and increased expression ofRANKLandMMP‐2 specifically around particle surface. Only minor resorption was observed. BothDFDBAparticles showed much faster degradation of particles. Interestingly, fewer osteoclasts were found on their surface when compared withNBMparticles, specifically onOsteotechDFDBAparticles, suggesting an alternative mode of degradation.OsteotechDFDBAparticles demonstrated significantly faster degradation when compared with all other bone grafts. No obvious increase inTRAP,RANKL, orMMP2 was observed to validate this fast rate of degradation.ConclusionsThe results from the present study demonstrate a wide range of particle degradation between various commonly commercially available bone grafts. Further research to determine the precise mechanisms that influence particle degradation is necessary.
Marginal bone loss as success criterion in implant dentistry: beyond 2 mm
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , León‐Cano Ana , Ortega‐Oller Inmaculada , Monje Alberto , O′Valle Francisco , Catena Andrés 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyze marginal bone loss (MBL) rates around implants to establish the difference between physiological bone loss and bone loss due to peri‐implantitis.Materials and methodsFive hundred and eight implants were placed in the posterior maxilla in 208 patients. Data were gathered on age, gender, bone substratum (grafted or pristine), prosthetic connection, smoking and alcohol habits, and previous periodontitis.MBLwas radiographically analyzed in three time frames (5 months post‐surgery and at 6 and 18 months post‐loading). Nonparametric receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and mixed linear model analysis were used to determine whether implants could be classified as high or low bone loser type (BLT) and to establish the influence of this factor onMBLrates.ResultsMarginal bone loss rates were significantly affected byBLT, connection type, bone substratum, and smoking. Bone loss rates at 18 months were associated with initial bone loss rates: 96% of implants with anMBLof >2 mm at 18 months had lost 0.44 mm or more at 6 months post‐loading.ConclusionImplants with increasedMBLrates at early stages (healing and immediate post‐loading periods) are likely to reachMBLvalues that compromise their final outcome. Initial (healing, immediate post‐loading)MBLrates around an implant of more than 0.44 mm/year are an indication of peri‐implant bone loss progression.
Similarity between contemporary vegetation and plant remains in the surface sediment in Mediterranean lakes
Authors: Levİ Etİ E. , Çakıroğlu Ayşe İ. , Bucak Tuba , Odgaard Bent V. , Davidson Thomas A. , Jeppesen Erik , Beklİoğlu Meryem 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Aquatic macrophytes are commonly used to assess the ecological condition of lakes. Little is known, however, about long‐term macrophyte dynamics in shallow lakes. In the absence of historical data, the remains of macrophytes (fruits, seeds and vegetative fragments) found in lake sediments may provide just such information. In order to interpret confidently past change in aquatic plant communities from their sedimentary remains, it is vital to establish the similarity between the contemporary and fossil assemblages.

We investigated the relationship between present lake vegetation and plant macrophyte remains in surface sediments. Thirty‐five shallow lakes, spanning around six degrees of latitude and mostly located in the semi‐arid Mediterranean climatic zone of Turkey, were sampled for aquatic plants, surface sediment plant remains and a range of other key environmental variables.

Around 50% of the taxa recorded in the modern vegetation were represented in the sediment. Sedimentary macrofossils of some taxa were under‐ or over‐represented relative to their frequency in the modern vegetation, for example Potamogeton spp. and Characeae, respectively. Despite this disparity, there was good agreement between the assemblage composition of the modern and sedimentary samples. Furthermore, conductivity and trophic state (as indicated by total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll‐a) were the environmental variables most clearly correlated with both the contemporary and macrofossil assemblages in these lakes.

We conclude that aquatic macrophyte macrofossils can be used as reliable indicators of ecological status and to determine qualitative changes in assemblages of aquatic plants consequent to environmental change (e.g. in lake trophic status and/or salinity). This may be especially useful for lakes in arid and semi‐arid Mediterranean regions, which are particularly vulnerable to hydrological constraints under climate change.
Basophils as a primary inducer of the T helper type 2 immunity in ovalbumin‐induced allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Zhong Wenwei , Su Wen , Zhang Yanjie , Liu Qi , Wu Jinhong , Di Caixia , Zhang Zili , Xia Zhenwei 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAntigen‐induced allergic airway inflammation is mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and their cytokines, but the mechanism that initiates the Th2 immunity is not fully understood. Recent studies show that basophils play important roles in initiating Th2 immunity in some inflammatory models. Here we explored the role of basophils in ovalbumin (OVA) ‐induced airway allergic inflammation in BALB/c mice. We found that OVA sensitization and challenge resulted in a significant increase in the amount of basophils in blood and lung, along with the up‐regulation of activation marker of CD200R. However, depletion of basophils with MAR‐1 or Ba103 antibody attenuated airway inflammation, represented by the significantly decreased amount of the Th2 subset in spleen and draining lymph nodes, interlukin‐4 level in lung and OVA‐special immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in serum. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of basophils from OVA‐challenged lung tissue to naive BALB/c mice provoked the Th2 immune response. In addition, pulmonary basophils from OVA‐challenged mice were able to uptake DQ‐OVA and express MHC class II molecules and CD40 in vivo, as well as to release interleukin‐4 following stimulation by IgE–antigen complexes and promote Th2 polarization in vitro. These findings demonstrate that basophils may participate in Th2 immune responses in antigen‐induced allergic airway inflammation and that they do so through facilitating antigen presentation and providing interleukin‐4.
The trade union response to agency labour in Sweden
Authors: Håkansson Kristina , Isidorsson Tommy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article explores the possibilities for temporary agency workers to gain union representation at workplace level. Using Heery's classification of four different union responses to agency work—Exclusion, Regulation, Replacement and Engagement—we found that, even though the union wishes to represent agency workers, there are institutional conditions obstructing them from succeeding.
Do cultural differences explain differences in attitudes towards unions? Culture and attitudes towards unions among call centre workers in Britain and India
Authors: Sarkar Santanu , Charlwood Andy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article adds to the literature on worker attitudes towards unions by investigating the impact of cultural attitudes and the call centre labour process on union attitudes among call centre workers in Britain and India. It is hypothesised that workers with egalitarian and collectivist cultural attitudes will be more likely to have pro‐union attitudes than other workers, although if the impact of cultural attitudes is mediated by history and institutions, it might be expected that this relationship is stronger for British than Indian workers. Conversely, if union attitudes are largely a function of the call centre labour process, we would expect union attitudes to be similar among workers in both countries. Our results only partially support our hypotheses. Collectivist attitudes are only weakly related to union attitudes among the British sample but are more strongly related in the Indian sample. There are significant differences between union attitudes among our British and Indian samples. The article concludes that relationship between cultural attitudes and union attitudes are heavily dependent on institutional context. Cultural attitudes are unlikely to be either a constraint or a facilitator of union efforts to organise workers.
Direct Characterizing of Densification Mechanisms during Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Chakravarty Dibyendu , Chokshi Atul H 
Published: January 2014

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a convenient and rapid means of producing dense ceramic compacts. However, the mechanisms responsible for rapid densification have not been identified satisfactorily, with different studies using an indirect approach yielding varied values for the densification parameters. This study involved SPS in high purity nanocrystalline alumina with temperatures ranging from 1173 to 1423 K and stresses from 25 to 100 MPa. A direct approach, with analyses at a constant density, revealed a stress exponent of ~1 and an inverse grain size dependence of ~3, consistent with Coble creep process. Whereas the direct approach gives a stress exponent of ~1, the indirect approach used previously gives stress exponents ranging from ~2.2 to 3.5 with the same data, thereby revealing potentially spurious values of the densification parameters from conventional indirect approaches to characterizing densification. The rapid densification during SPS is related to the finer grain sizes retained with the rapid heating rates and the imposed stress that enhances the driving force for densification.
THE ECONOMICS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A FIRM‐LEVEL PERSPECTIVE SURVEY
Authors: Crifo Patricia , Forget Vanina D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the economics of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), as a private response to market imperfections in order to satisfy social preferences. Depending on whether they affect regulation, competition or contracts, market imperfections driving CSR decisions are classified in three categories: public goods and bads and altruism; imperfect competition; and incomplete contracts. We successively present these drivers of CSR decisions and highlight the nature of incentives (external or internal) at work and the testable (and tested) hypotheses in the reviewed studies. We finally review the link between CSR and financial performance, as well as between CSR and social and environmental performance. A twofold discrepancy appears in the literature, opening future research paths: a disconnection between our understanding of CSR drivers and CSR impacts; and a knowledge gap between CSR financial and social consequences, the latter having received little attention.