bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoidance of Negative Emotional Contrasts as a Diagnostic Feature of OCD: A Receiver-Operator Characteristic Curve Analysis of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires
Authors: Swisher V. , Newman M. G. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The Contrast Avoidance Model (CAM) was developed to explain pathological worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The CAM posits that those with GAD are sensitive to sharp increases in emotions, and use worry to maintain heightened states of negative arousal to avoid these emotional shifts. Research has widely supported the CAM in the conceptualization of GAD, and has extended these findings to other disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite the utility of the CAM model in informing the etiology of these conditions, research has yet to expand these findings beyond GAD, MDD, and SAD. Specifically, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which co-occurs with GAD, MDD, and SAD in adults at a rate of 15.0%, 40.7%, and 14.7%, respectively, and shares many of their etiological features, has yet to examined in the context of the CAM. Thus, examining CA as a relevant mechanism and therapeutic target for OCD is an unstudied conceptual framework that may offer meaningful clinical utility.ObjectivesThe present study used receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses to examine the predictive utility of the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE in detecting probable OCD in a large undergraduate sample. We hypothesized that the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE would be higher in participants with probable OCD and would offer sufficient sensitivity and specificity in predicting probable OCD.Methods
1259 undergraduates were recruited for a mass University screening. Participants were included in the OCD group (N = 291) if they met diagnostic criteria for OCD (DOCS total score > 20). Participants were included in the nondisordered group (n = 249) if they did not meet diagnostic criteria for any of the screened disorders (SAD, MDD, GAD, OCD, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD, borderline personality disorder), denied suicidality, and denied receiving mental health treatment in the last 12 months. ROC analyses were used to examine the accuracy of the CAQ-W and the CAQ-GE in detecting probable OCD.ResultsResults of ROC analyses are reported in Table 1. AUC values for the CAQ-W and CAQ-GE were significantly different from the null hypothesis (AUC = .50, p < .001), and demonstrated excellent (.89) to outstanding (.91) accuracy in predicting probable OCD (Figure 1), respectively. Optimal sensitivity and specificity to detect probable OCD (Table 2) was achieved at a cut off score of 67.5 for the CAQ-W (Sensitivity = 81.4%; Specificity = 82.3%) and a cutoff score of 43.5 for the CAQ-GE (Sensitivity = 84.9%; Specificity = 85.5%).Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsResults suggest that OCD can be accurately characterized by CA. Findings also highlight the utility of examining CA as a relevant maintenance factor for OCD symptoms. Future research should examine the impact of CA on OCD symptoms in-laboratory and ecological settings.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Predictors of change in emotional regulation from 6 to 30 months of age in infants born after a threatened preterm labour.
Authors: Andreu J. , Buesa J. , Campos L. , Almansa B. , Zapata C. , Lizarán M. , Gómez N. , Ghosn F. , Moreno A. , García-Blanco A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEmotional dysregulation are considered early manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research has shown that a threatened preterm labour (TPL) represents an adverse prenatal event that involves temperament disturbances, even in absence of prematurity. Thus, full-term TPL infants at 6 months of age are characterized by lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and worse emotional regulation relative to a full-term non-TPL control group.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the predictors of change of emotional infant competences.MethodsThis prospective cohort study recruited mothers who suffered from a TPL. Infants’ temperament assessment was performed at 6 and 30 months of age using the Rothbart Behaviour Questionnaires, examining positive affectivity/surgency, negative emotionality, and orienting and emotional regulatory capacity. A regression model was carried out, including gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress as predictors.ResultsIncreased positive affectivity was related with lower paternal stress (p = .044). Maternal history of trauma and parenting stress was associated with increased negative emotionality (p = .037 and p = .045, respectively). Increased emotional regulation disturbance was linked to low gestational age at birth (p < .001), higher postnatal depression (p = .002), higher prenatal anxiety at TPL diagnosis (p = .039) and higher postnatal anxiety (p = .008).ConclusionsTherefore, maternal previous traumas, maternal psychopathology from pregnancy to postpartum as well as parenting stress should be considered in psychological treatment to improve infant’s emotional competences and prevent subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Efficiency of Vortioxetine in Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cvitanovic M. Z. , Vukorepa D. , Mustapić M. , Džamonja G. , Čičmir-Vestić M. , Petrić D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common serious movement disorder in the world, affecting about 1% of adults older than 60 years. The disease is attributed to selective loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, and its cause is enigmatic in most individuals. Patients with PD display both motor and non-motor symptoms. For some patients, the non-motor symptoms are more bothersome than the motor symptoms. One of the most common non-motor symptoms of PD is depression.ObjectivesTreatment of depression with antidepressant drugs is well established. In the last 20 years use of antidepressant has risen mainly due to the introduction of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Our primary aim was to demonstrate an improvement in depressive symptoms in patients who started treatment with vortioxetine. A secondary aim was to show those who was successfully treated with vortioxetine but was unresponsive to paroxetine and escitalopram without worsening the extrapyramidal symptoms of PD.MethodsIn collaboration with the Department of Neurology, we included patients who are being treated for Parkinson’s disease and who meet the criteria for depressive disorder after a psychiatric examination. We divided the patients into two groups: those who had not previously taken any antidepressant drugs and those who were already on therapy with paroxetine and escitalopram but without the expected therapeutic response. All patients were prescribed vortioxetine in their treatment, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was determined during their first meeting with the psychiatrist, and then again after 6 weeks of taking the medication. Also, we used Mini mental state examination (MMSE) to measure cognitive impairment.Our primary outcome measure was the number of patients in each treatment group who responded to treatment. Response was defined as the proportion of patients who had a reduction of at least 50% from the baseline score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)ResultsOur primary outcome measure was the number of patients in each treatment group who responded to treatment. Response was defined as the proportion of patients who had a reduction of at least 50% from the baseline score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)ConclusionsIn our research, vortioxetine has proven to be effective in treating depressive symptoms without worsening Parkinson’s disease, unlike paroxetine and escitalopram, which resulted in partial effects.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cancer Survivors in Delaware: Impact of Comorbidity
Authors: Gupta S. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDelaware’s recent longevity and aging trends predict a continual increase in the number of cancer survivors. As the cancer survivors live longer and age, the prevalence of comorbid chronic conditions tends to increase. Dual burden of cancer and comorbid chronic conditions can have significant and wide-ranging ramifications for cancer survivors. Comorbidity potentially affects the development, stage at diagnosis, treatment options, recurrence and long-term survival of people with cancer. Detailed delineation of Delaware adult cancer survivors including an exploration of comorbidity is critical.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to characterize selected chronic conditions among Delaware adults with cancer in order to present: (i) disparities amongst cancer survivors by select sociodemographic and survivorship characteristics, and (ii) compare the prevalence of chronic conditions among cancer survivors and adult Delawareans without a cancer diagnosis.MethodsCombined data (2018, 2020 and 2021) for Delaware were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The final data set included 927 Delawareans with at least one type of cancer (excluding skin cancers other than melanoma) and 11,917 participants without a cancer diagnosis. Descriptive statistics examined sociodemographic characteristics and chronic conditions in Delawareans with and without a cancer diagnosis.Results
Amongst adult Delawareans, 5.1% (CI: 4.6–5.5) were cancer survivors. Across the state, the majority of cancer survivors (76.8%) reported having only one cancer diagnosis. In this sample of Delaware cancer survivors, 83.5% identified as White. Majority were female (57.4%), aged 65 or older (58.9%), had some college or more education (63.7%), and with an income of $50,000 or more (51.1%). Arthritis (46.3%), diabetes (21.5%), depression (18.7%), asthma (14.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13.7%) angina (11.9%) and heart attack (11.6%) were the most prevalent comorbid conditions. Prevalence of certain chronic conditions was 2-3 times higher among cancer survivors. Nearly 23% reported not receiving instructions regarding cancer follow-up
care.ConclusionsCancer survivors have unique concerns. Results aim to facilitate targeted interventions aimed at coordinated managed care among cancer survivors in Delaware. This study bolsters the ongoing public health effort towards the Healthy People 2030 goal of increasing the proportion of cancer survivors.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Digital treatments for affective disorders: an integrated overview
Authors: Volpe U. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAffective disorders represent a category of psychiatric syndromes with high prevalence and associated disability. While effective, both pharmacological and psychosocial, treatments are available for depression and bipolar disorder, the many therapeutic needs of affected patients are far from being properly addressed under routine conditions. Along the past decade, several digital treatments, tools and approaches have been developed and tested in clinical settings, showing an highly promising potential to fill the treatment gap of affective psychopathology. In more detail, reviewed here will be telepsychiatry solutions for affective disorders, also encompassing the available officially approved digital therapies for major depression and bipolar disorder. Furthermore, the impact of artificial intelligence, serious gaming, social media and virtual/augmented reality in the treatment of mood disorders will be also discussed, in the light of the most recent research evidence on these topics.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Comparison of inpatient psychiatric care for SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative adults in Vienna
Authors: Erfurth A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe structure of psychiatric care has undergone many changes in recent decades. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed specific challenges for inpatient psychiatric care. In Vienna, the admission of SARS-CoV-2 positive psychiatric patients has been centralised in one department, the 1st Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Klinik Hietzing.ObjectivesIt will be investigated to what extent the admissions of SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients differ with regard to age, gender, diagnosis, need for involuntary admission, medication, duration of treatment, country of birth and the question of where the patients come from and where they are discharged to.MethodsBetween 15 March 2020 and 21 May 2022 (start and end of cohorting of all Vienna SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient psychiatric patients in one department), 338 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 1312 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients were treated as inpatients at the 1st Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine of the Klinik Hietzing.ResultsThe results of the study will be shown.ConclusionsThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented an outstanding challenge to inpatient psychiatry. An accurate portrayal of differences in the treatment of positive and negative patients is of importance for assessing the impact of the pandemic.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Understanding the Traumatic Impact of Serious Chronic Illness
Authors: Theodoratou M. , Diamanti H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe diagnosis of a severe chronic illness represents a deeply impactful traumatic event, frequently giving rise to initial adverse consequences that can manifest as post-traumatic stress. The duration and characteristics of these effects exhibit considerable variation among individuals.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the levels of post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, and psychosocial adaptation among individuals coping with chronic diseases.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 92 participants with chronic illnesses, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Data collection utilized an online questionnaire that included both demographic questions to provide a comprehensive understanding of participants’ experiences, as well as psychometric scales for measuring post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, and psychosocial adaptation.Instruments used :1.PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)2.Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Tedeschi and Calhoun Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (TCGI).3.Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS).Analysis included descriptive statistics and inductive analysis using SPSS (p < 0.05). Ethical considerations were observed, with informed consent and data confidentiality.Results
The study revealed the presence of low to moderate levels of post-traumatic stress (M= 2.45), moderate levels of post-traumatic growth (M= 2.90), and moderate levels of psychosocial adaptation in various aspects of participants’ lives, including work (M= 2.36), sexuality (M= 2.11), sociability (M= 2.28), relationships with partners and family members (M= 1.92), and perception of their health (M= 1.94). Furthermore, the overall psychosocial situation of the participants was found to range from low to moderate (M= 2.48). Notably, individuals with fewer chronic illnesses tended to experience lower levels of post-traumatic stress and exhibited less adaptation in their work. Additionally, higher levels of post-traumatic growth were observed in women and patients with higher educational backgrounds. The analysis revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation (sig.<0.05) between post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth, and various dimensions of psychosocial adjustment among the participants.ConclusionsA chronic illness diagnosis can be deeply traumatic, potentially causing post-traumatic stress. However, it’s crucial to understand that this doesn’t diminish the possibility of post-traumatic growth and effective psychosocial adaptation. To foster this positive path, individuals must receive holistic psychological and emotional support, along with essential social assistance as they navigate life with chronic diseases.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Who moderate the relationship between executive functions and quality of life among adults with and without adhd: structural equation model
Authors: Grinblat N. , Rosenblum S. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Literature evidences indicates that adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are struggling with executive functions deficiencies, organization in time deficits, low sleep quality, and poor quality of life (QoL). However, it is not clear how those factors associate and interact with each other.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare those factors as well as the relationships between them, among adults with and without ADHD using structural equations modeling (SEM).MethodsSixty-nine adults with ADHD and 52 matched controls (ages 20-46) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-adult version (for executive functions), Time Organisation and Participation Scale (for organization-in-time), Mini Sleep Questionnaire (for sleep quality), and Adult ADHD Quality of Life questionnaire (for QoL).ResultsCompared to adults without ADHD, adults with ADHD showed significantly poorer executive functions, organization-in-time, sleep quality and QoL. The SEM indicated that sleep quality and organization-in-time domains mediated the relationship between executive functions abilities and QoL. This SEM explained 79% of the QoL variance for adults with and without ADHD.ConclusionsUnderstanding the role of organization-in-time and sleep quality as mediators between executive functions and quality of life emphasize the unique challenges of adults with ADHD, which deals with deficiencies at those factors. Those findings call for including these factors in evaluation and intervention processes to improve QoL and this population’s global health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults : prevalence and association with addictive disorders
Authors: Bader S. , Karkni A. , Abbes W. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder witch assumed to be a disorder of childhoood but recently has been shown to persist into adulthood. As in children, core features of adult ADHD include inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity.Despite growing interest in adult ADHD, little is known about its prevalence or correlates.ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult outpatient psychiatric care at the university hospital of Gabes (southern Tunisia) and to explore its association with addictive disorders.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical observation study,in the outpatient psychiatry department of the Gabes university hospital, during the period ranging from 1/1/2023 to 30/06/2023. We used an anonymous pre-established information sheet exploring the socio-demographic, clinical, therapeutic data of the patients, lifestyle habits and substance use, the DSM-5 to classify diagnoses, CGI-S to rate the severity of overall mental illness, Fagerström test to assess the nicotine dependence, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) in its validated Arabic version to screen ADHD and the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) to confirm the ADHD diagnosis. Data entry and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results
The response rate in our study was around 64.5%, 205 patients were included.The mean age of the patients was 48years ±14.9, the male/female ratio was 1.The estimated prevalence of adult ADHD according to the DIVA was 5.9% (male/female ratio=1/2). At the uni-variate study, significant associations were found between ADHD and the age category (p=0), the marital status (OR=0.14; CI [0.03- 0.55], p=0.003), theFagestrom score (p=0.01), cannabis consumption (OR=19; CI [1.8-201], p=0.018), psychotropic drugs consumption (OR=39; CI[3-196], p=0.02), self-harm behavior (OR=6.9, CI[1.9-26], p=0.01), excessive use of internet and screens (OR=38, CI[7-179],p=0). At the multivariate study, two determining factors were found: cannabis consumption(OR=8 [1- 58]; p=0.031), and the excessive use of internet and screens (OR=25 [4-144]; p=0).Conclusions
Regarding our findings and the important prevalence of the adult ADHD,more efforts are needed to increase the detection and treatment of this disorder, in order to set up an early intervention before major impairments and complications become irreversible.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Detached Mindfulness approach to anxiety disorders in an Italian mental health service
Authors: Raffone F. , Pessina E. , Martini A. , Giunnelli P. , Massa A. , Carbone E. , Russo M. , Martiadis V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAnxiety disorders are one of the most common mental illnesses, and a consistent increase was observed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness refers to a process that leads to a mental state characterized by nonjudgmental awareness of the present experience. Mindfulness can be considered both a skill and a practice. The stronger is the ability to adopt a mindful state, the less suffering one will experience. While Mindfulness-based Psychotherapies have shown efficacy in their treatment, they have not yet been thoroughly studied in Italian public mental health services. In Detached Mindfulness, negative thoughts are acknowledged and avoided by turning them into actions using a standardized, time-limited, metacognitive intervention.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Detachment Mindfulness for twelve patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) not being treated pharmacologically.Methods
We enrolled 12 patients diagnosed with GAD according to DSM-V in an 8-session program of Detached Mindfulness Psychotherapy (once a week). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Scale (GAD-7) and the Kellner Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) were used to assess anxiety symptoms at baseline (T0), after 4 sessions (T1), and at the end of treatment (T2). The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) was used to assess treatment satisfaction.ResultsThe GAD-7 score showed consistent reductions in generalized anxiety symptoms after Detached Mindfulness treatment (mean decrease of -42% at the end of the program). As measured by SQ, patients also reported improvement in physical well-being, relaxation, and somatic symptoms significantly respect to baseline. As for treatment satisfaction, ten out of twelve patients rated their treatment as satisfactory. As reported by patients, mindfulness can become a powerful and effective means to relate to one’s own internal experiences such as anxiety or fear, learning to recognize them, staying with them and avoiding their consequences.ConclusionsThese results showed that detached mindfulness was an effective and cost-effective intervention for GAD, given the short amount of time it requires and the ease with which it can be implemented. For its extensive use in the public mental health system to be further supported, studies on larger populations are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared