bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signals from intestinal microbiota mediate the crosstalk between the lung-gut axis in an influenza infection mouse model
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Wan Youdi , Xin Xin , Qiao Yixuan , Qiao Wenna , Ping Jihui , Su Juan 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIntroduction: The influenza virus primarily targets the respiratory tract, yet both the respiratory and intestinal systems suffer damage during infection. The connection between lung and intestinal damage remains unclear.MethodsOur experiment employs 16S rRNA technology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect the impact of influenza virus infection on the fecal content and metabolites in mice. Additionally, it investigates the effect of influenza virus infection on intestinal damage and its underlying mechanisms through HE staining, Western blot, Q-PCR, and flow cytometry.ResultsOur study found that influenza virus infection caused significant damage to both the lungs and intestines, with the virus detected exclusively in the lungs. Antibiotic treatment worsened the severity of lung and intestinal damage. Moreover, mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and Interferon-b (IFN-b) significantly increased in the lungs post-infection. Analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed notable shifts in composition after influenza infection, including increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased Lactobacillaceae. Conversely, antibiotic treatment reduced microbial diversity, notably affecting Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolomics showed altered amino acid metabolism pathways due to influenza infection and antibiotics. Abnormal expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the colon disrupted the balance between helper T17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the intestine. Mice infected with the influenza virus and supplemented with tryptophan and Lactobacillus showed reduced lung and intestinal damage, decreased Enterobacteriaceae levels in the intestine, and decreased IDO1 activity.DiscussionOverall, influenza infection caused damage to lung and intestinal tissues, disrupted intestinal microbiota and metabolites, and affected Th17/Treg balance. Antibiotic treatment exacerbated these effects. Supplementation with tryptophan and Lactobacillus improved lung and intestinal health, highlighting a new understanding of the lung-intestine connection in influenza-induced intestinal disease.
Predictive value of preoperative ultrasonographic measurement of gastric morphology for the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Qiu Weiji , Yin Jun , Liang Huazheng , Shi Qiqing , Liu Chang , Zhang Lina , Bai Gang , Chen Guozhong , Xiong Lize 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPre-operative prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is primarily based on the patient’s medical history. The predictive value of gastric morphological parameters observed on ultrasonography has not been comprehensively assessed.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the pre-operative ultrasonographic measurement of gastric morphology for predicting PONV. The gastric antrum of the participants was assessed using ultrasound before anesthesia, and the occurrence of PONV in the first 6 hours and during the 6–24 hours after surgery was reported. The main indicators included the thickness of the muscularis propria (TMP) and the cross-sectional area of the inner side of the muscularis propria (CSA-ISMP). These were recorded and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors for PONV.ResultsA total of 72 patients scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were investigated in the study. The pre-operative CSA-ISMP of patients with PONV in the first 6 hours was significantly greater than that of those without PONV (2.765 ± 0.865 cm² vs 2.349 ± 0.881 cm², P=0.0308), with an area under the curve of 0.648 (95% CI, 0.518 to 0.778, P=0.031). Conversely, the pre-operative TMP of patients with PONV during the 6–24 hours was significantly smaller than that of those without PONV (1.530 ± 0.473 mm vs 2.038 ± 0.707 mm, P=0.0021), with an area under the curve of 0.722 (95% CI, 0.602 to 0.842, P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that CSA-ISMP was an independent risk factor for PONV in the first 6 hours (OR=2.986, P=0.038), and TMP was an independent protective factor for PONV during the 6–24 hours after surgery (OR=0.115, P=0.006).ConclusionPatients with a larger pre-operative CSA-ISMP or a thinner TMP are prone to develop PONV in the first 6 hours or during the 6–24 hours after surgery, respectively.China clinical trial registration centerhttp://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100055068).
Co-producing research study recruitment strategies with and for children and young people for paediatric chronic pain studies
Authors: Ghio Daniela , Lunt Laura E. , Bridges Angharad , Gahr Lydia , Hood Anna M. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionChildren and young people experiencing chronic pain are at greater risk of inequitable and poor-quality pain management, which has implications for future management of pain in adulthood. Most chronic pain research is conducted with adults who are more likely to be middle-class, white and monocultured. Inclusive and diverse recruitment practices in paediatric pain research can be an area in which we can address this imbalance of representation. The aim of this current work was to explore these practices and to co-produce recommendations regarding recruitment strategies for paediatric pain research.MethodsThe research team worked with Your Rheum, a United Kingdom young person's advisory group (ages 11–24 years) and diagnosed with rheumatic condition(s), the opportunity to input into rheumatology research. At a virtual Your Rheum meeting, eight young people (female = 7, male = 1, age range 12–24) took part in group discussions, sharing their experiences of taking part in research and their decision process. Online tools, including Mentimeter and Miro, were used to aid conversations and share ideas.ResultsMost young people had experience of taking part in research as a study participant (n = 5). Recommendations synthesised included increased awareness of research in general. The young people discussed being open to hearing about research opportunities; they reflected that they are rarely exposed to these invitations or hear about current research. The clinic environment was highlighted as a “good and trustworthy” recruitment area – being approached by a member of the research team was considered ideal, even if it was someone they had not met previously. Many young people recalled little discussions of research at their clinical appointments. Deciding to participate in research included the following considerations: benefit/impact; connecting with others; research topic; which is then balanced against convenience, and reimbursement. The young people felt that taking part in research was empowering and helped them take ownership of their pain management.ConclusionIt is essential to understand the perspectives of potential study participants, to plan successful recruitment strategies. Ensuring we consider these factors when designing our studies and recruitment strategies is beneficial to all involved. Co-produced recruitment strategies would aid inclusive (and increased) research participation.
Intra-articular corticosteroid utilization and characterizations of use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis within the PR-COIN registry
Authors: Balay-Dustrude Erin , Weiss Jennifer E. , Goh Y. Ingrid , Rubin Nathan , Bullock Danielle R. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveIntra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) have been shown to be effective at improving arthritis across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) recommends IACI use as primary and adjunctive therapy for JIA patients. However, there remains minimal data describing actual IACI use in North America. The objective of this study was to describe and to evaluate IACI use in JIA, utilizing the Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN) registry.MethodsStudy participants from 13 sites were enrolled in the PR-COIN registry from 2011 to 2015. Demographic and clinical variables were summarized and Chi-squared and t-tests were used to evaluate differences between participants who did or did not receive IACI. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate characteristics associated with IACI treatment.ResultsOur study included 3,241 participants, the majority of whom were white (85%), female (71%) and had oligoarticular JIA (39%). IACI was administered at least once in 23% of participants, the majority of whom had oligoarticular disease (52.5%), but overall use in oligoarticular participants was low at 30.8%. IACI use varied significantly between treatment centers and use was associated with oligoarticular disease, ANA positivity, and use of other systemic medications.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that participants with JIA enrolled in the PR-COIN registry between 2011 and 2015 with persistent oligoarticular disease, ANA positivity, and use of other systemic medications were more likely to receive IACI. However, IACI use was lower than expected for oligoarticular participants.
Residual stress determination in a C-C composite consisting of a carbonized elastomer matrix filled with graphite, carbon black and short carbon fibers
Authors: Statnik Eugene S. , Ignatyev Semen D. , Salimon Alexey I. , Stepashkin Andrey A. , Korsunsky Alexander M. 
Published: July 2024

In this study, composites obtained through low-temperature carbonization of elastomeric matrix highly filled with graphite, carbon black and short carbon fibers were studied for the purpose of determining residual stresses at different scales using a combination of several complementary methods. The state-of-the-art techniques included X-ray stress analysis using the sin2⁡ψ method, the micro-ring-core technique via Focused Ion Beam milling and Digital Image Correlation (FIB-DIC), the contour method, the strain gauge method, and the hole drilling technique with digital laser speckle pattern interferometry (DLSPI). It was found that the contour method could not be used implemented for residual stress evaluation due to the low electrical conductivity of composite. Moreover, the DLSPI hole drilling method did not reveal any fringes indicating significant residual stress level exceeding a few MPa. The strain gauge method also revealed a narrow residual stress distribution with an average value of approximately zero. In contrast, the X-ray sin2⁡ψ method as well as FIB-DIC technique both returned values of about 150–250 MPa. A hierarchical model of the composite is proposed based on the Davidenkov Type I–II–III stress classification that provides an explanation of these observations.
The effects of ACSM-based exercise on breast cancer-related lymphoedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luan Biqing , Li Zhiqiang , Yang Qizhi , Xu Zhihui , Chen Yaqin , Wang Meiting , Chen Wenlin , Ge Fei 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundBreast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) frequently occurs after axillary lymph node dissection and remains incurable even with lymphaticovenular anastomosis. Exercise interventions have emerged as a potential non-pharmacological management approach. However, standardized exercise recommendations tailored to BCRL patients are lacking.PurposeThis study evaluated the impact of high and low compliance exercise interventions, aligned with ACSM recommendations, on quality of life (QOL), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and arm volume in BCRL patients. It further aimed to determine the optimal exercise dosage, assessed via the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle, that maximizes health benefits for BCRL patients.MethodsAdhering to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, encompassing the period from the inception of these databases to December 2023. We extracted data on exercise form, frequency, intensity, duration, repetitions, and sets from the identified studies. Subsequently, a meta-analysis and review were conducted. The exercise interventions were evaluated based on ACSM recommendations and categorized as either high or low compliance with ACSM standards. Fixed or random effects models were employed to compare outcomes across study subgroups with comparable results. Additionally, funnel plot analyses, sensitivity analyses, and Egger’s and Begg’s tests were conducted to evaluate the potential for bias.Results15 studies encompassing 863 patients with BCRL were analyzed. Eleven studies exhibited high ACSM compliance, while four demonstrated low ACSM compliance. Regarding QOL, the overall standard mean difference (SMD) was 0.13 (95% CI: −1.07, 1.33). Specifically, the SMD for the high-adherence subgroup was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.33, 1.49; p = 0.002). For ROM, the overall SMD was 1.21 (95% CI: −0.19, 2.61). For arm volume, the overall SMD was −0.06 (95% CI: −0.22, 0.10). QOL results differed significantly in the high-adherence subgroup, whereas no significant effect on ROM or arm volume was observed.ConclusionThe study revealed significant QOL improvements in patients with high ACSM compliance, contrasted with those with low compliance. Conversely, no notable changes in ROM or arm volume were observed. Notably, the high adherence group tended to show better ROM during exercise and stable arm volume. Future research is needed to validate these findings.
A framework for transformational leadership to enhance teacher’s work performance
Authors: Yu Xia , Jang Guanwei 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIn the new era of higher education focusing on “double first-class” development, private universities in China face significant opportunities and challenges. The success of these institutions is closely linked to effective leadership, particularly transformational leadership, which is known to inspire and motivate employees toward extraordinary achievements. This study explores the existence and impact of transformational leadership on teachers’ work performance in Chinese private universities. It aims to fill a research gap regarding the role of transformational leadership in a resource-constrained environment and provide practical insights for enhancing teachers’ work performance, thereby contributing to the rapid development of private universities and the realization of “double first-class” goals.MethodsThis study employed an input-process-output approach, combining qualitative data from face-to-face interviews with 12 leaders at Guangdong University of Science and Technology and quantitative data from an electronic survey of 392 university teachers. Data were analyzed using SPSS26.0, AMOS24.0, and NVIVO14, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, common method bias assessment, and correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling with AMOS24.0 was used to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and teachers’ work performance, evaluating the impact of each transformational leadership dimension.ResultsThe study findings demonstrated that transformational leadership styles are being employed in Chinese private universities, albeit not extensively, with moderate effects on teachers’ work performance. The research identified organizational vision, intellectual stimulation, and personal recognition as significant drivers of enhanced performance among faculty members. Nevertheless, the study did not confirm the impact of supportive leadership, inspiring communication, and moral modeling within the context of Chinese private universities.DiscussionThe results highlight areas for potential development in leadership practices, including improving teachers’ competencies, motivating teachers, providing good work opportunities and environments, and building good teacher teams.
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in homes and vehicles in youth: disparities among racial, and sexual and gender minorities
Authors: Talluri Rajesh , Shete Sahil S. , Shastri Surendra S. , Shete Sanjay 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSecondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) among youth is a serious public health concern, leading to an increased risk of conditions such as asthma and respiratory infections. However, there is little research on SHSe among vulnerable populations, such as racial and sexual minorities. Understanding the factors associated with youth SHSe in homes and vehicles is crucial to developing better protective policies.MethodsThis study utilized 2020 data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, a representative sample of middle- and high-school students in the US. The primary outcomes were youth SHSe at home and while riding in a vehicle. Multinomial regression models were used to assess factors associated with SHSe.ResultsThe data included 9,912 students enrolled in grades 6 through 12 in the United States who reported never using any form of tobacco. Non-Hispanic Black students living with someone who does not use any form of tobacco products were significantly more likely to experience moderate [OR = 2.1 (1.1–3.9), p = 0.03] and severe [OR = 5.1 (2.2–11.7), p &lt; 0.001] secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) in homes compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Heterosexual female students had lower odds of reporting moderate SHSe in the home compared to heterosexual males [OR = 0.7 (0.6–0.99), p = 0.02], whereas bisexual females had two-fold increased odds of severe SHSe in homes [OR = 2.0 (1.2–3.4), p = 0.01].ConclusionSignificant efforts are needed to develop targeted interventions to reduce SHSe in homes and vehicles, particularly in these vulnerable populations.
Convenience behavior in German university students is associated with sociodemographic, study- and health-related factors
Authors: Schwab Lisa , Reichel Jennifer L. , Werner Antonia M. , Schäfer Markus , Heller Sebastian , Edelmann Dennis , Beutel Manfred E. , Letzel Stephan , Dietz Pavel , Simon Perikles , Kalo Kristin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe transition from school to university is often accompanied by a change in students’ lifestyles. So far little is known whether convenience behavior is an essential factor affecting students’ health and social interaction. In a heterogeneous population regard to sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics the Convenience Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) showed a better relationship between convenience-related behavior with overweight and obesity than established questionnaires. Here we assessed convenience behavior in a large well characterized cohort of university students and its association with health-related (mainly sedentary behavior and physical activity), study-related and sociodemographic factors with the Convenience Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ).MethodsA total of 4,351 students participated in an online survey, of which 3,983 (23.6 ± 5.3 years old, 71.3% females) answered the questions concerning convenience behavior. A low value in the CBQ indicates more convenience behavior [Convenience Behavior Index (CBI) range: 3–15]. Differences with regard to sociodemographic (age, gender, body mass index), study-related (semester, degree, field of study) and health-related (physical activity, sedentary behavior) variables were examined with Mann–Whitney-U test or Kruskal–Wallis test and post-hoc tests (Bonferroni).ResultsThe CBI of men and women differed significantly (z = −6.847,p &lt; 0.001,r = 0.11). First-year students and students beyond their first year showed significant differences (z = −2.355,p ≤ 0.05,r = 0.04). Differences were also found in the field of study (Chi2 (6) = 147.830,p &lt; 0.001) and the targeted degree (Chi2 (7) = 79.985,p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, differences were found in the body mass index (Chi2 (5) = 70.678,p &lt; 0.001), physical activity (Chi2 (2) = 279.040,p &lt; 0.001) and sedentary behavior (z = −4.660,p &lt; 0.001,r = 0.07).ConclusionThe results showed risk groups of convenience behavior among students [men, first-year, students enrolled in “Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM),” bachelor]. Our results confirm for the first time in a very homogeneous population a gender difference and an association between CBI and health-related factors. Further studies are needed to analyze the health behavior of students in more detail, especially their convenience behavior.
Identifying strategies and related principles supporting a co-design approach in an assistive device service delivery and research platform
Authors: Jeyakumaran Thuvaraha , Eggiman-Ketter Jordan , Spadzinski Abby , Wolfe Dalton L. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPossibilities Project Plus (PPPlus) is a free assistive device (AD) marketplace and research platform for persons with disabilities. The overall aim of PPPlus is to increase access to ADs through an integration of service, research and education. To maximize positive outcomes and reflect community needs a co-design approach informed by guiding principles of Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) was adopted, with examination of methods related to Experience Based Co-design. The integrated nature of PPPlus benefits from the use of specific engagement strategies that align with IKT principles to meet project objectives. The extent to which partnership and engagement strategies are specified in the rehabilitation research literature vary greatly and studies that provide information on specific strategies used to operationalize principles are limited. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a description of the co-design approach and the specific strategies that strive to achieve meaningful user engagement. By reflecting on these processes we also report on limitations and strategies for improvement.MethodsThe co-design approach is highlighted through specific project activities including a representative governance structure, ongoing environmental scan and iterative Health Equity Impact Assessments (HEIA). The inherent engagement strategies that align with IKT and co-design principles are described.DiscussionThe most impactful engagement strategies included early engagement of partners throughout all phases, ensuring project relevance across partners through alignment of objectives with complementary aims, using HEIAs to promote equitable outcomes from diverse stakeholders, the representative governance structure beyond individuals with disabilities and caregivers, and the use of experiences and stories to inform development.Next stepsThis examination of specific strategies related to co-design focused on partnership engagement and informed targets for enhancement of the PPPlus initiative. These include being more intentional in developing a more rigorous process for evaluation that includes an assessment of strategies and their impact—especially as related to partner engagement. In addition, ongoing and enhanced efforts will focus on developing knowledge products that bring to life the most salient experience-based user stories emerging from the environmental scan with these being used to drive distinct co-creation events as well as serve other knowledge mobilization purposes (i.e., supporting policy change).