bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Films Incorporated with Honeysuckle Flower Extract for Active Food Packaging
Authors: Wang Liyan , Wang Qian , Tong Jin , Zhou Jiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractActive food packaging films based on chitosan and honeysuckle flower extract (HFE) were developed. The effects of the HFE incorporation at different levels on physical and mechanical properties (density, moisture content, opacity, color, water solubility, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and elongation at break) of chitosan film were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the chitosan/HFE films was characterized in terms of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical‐scavenging activity. The antimicrobial activity of the chitosan/HFE films against Escherichia coli was determined by the agar diffusion method. The results indicated that the incorporation of HFE enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chitosan film and also improved the moisture barrier properties of chitosan film. Compared with the chitosan control film, the chitosan/HFE films had darker appearance, higher water solubility and lower tensile strength and elongation at break. The obtained chitosan/HFE films showed great potential to be used for active food packaging.Practical ApplicationsChitosan‐based films and coatings have attracted considerable attention because of their biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, nontoxicity and versatile physicochemical properties. Honeysuckle flower extract (HFE) is extracted from honeysuckle, the flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Because honeysuckle contains active components that have a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant activity, incorporating HFE into chitosan film should enhance antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the film. On the other hand, the addition of HFE may affect other properties of chitosan film related to packaging applications. Through investigating effects of incorporating HFE on physicochemical properties of chitosan film, a more effective chitosan/HFE film/coating with optimized properties for food stuff packaging could be obtained.
Simultaneous Production of Leaf Protein Concentrates and Antioxidants by Aqueous Ethanol Extraction
Authors: Shen Chen , Wu Wenbiao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEthanol extraction increased the protein concentration from 21.05–35.68% in original leaves to 41.61–47.71% in the leaf concentrate, the protein efficiency ratio values of proteins from 0.98–1.26 to 1.4–2.26 and the true digestibility of proteins from 65–68% to 79–87%, depending on the variety of materials studied. The ethanol extract had strong antioxidative activities (reducing power equivalent to VC being 0.250–0.525 mg/mL; hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities being 28.25–50.50%). The ethanol extract should be good materials for making healthy, beneficial (e.g., antiaging, preventing cardiovascular disease) foods. The protein concentrate obtained is directly applicable for fortifying amino acids and dietary fiber in healthy food industry.Practical ApplicationsEthanol extraction is applicable for processing many plant leaves. This method can produce edible leaf protein concentrates, dietary fiber and vitamins with high nutritional quality as well as antioxidants or other healthy effective compounds, simultaneously, and detoxify many leaf materials, depending on the variety of raw materials used. The ethanol extract may be employed in preparing cocktail or other ethanol‐containing products, depending on the variety of leaves used as raw materials.
Effects of Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seed and Wild Mint (Mentha Longifolia L.) Leaf Extracts on the Shelf Life and Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fillets Stored at 4C ± 1
Authors: Raeisi Sara , Quek Siew Young , Ojagh Seyed Mahdi , Alishahi Ali Reza 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effects of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed and Wild mint (Mentha longifolia L.) leaf extracts on microbiological, chemical and sensory changes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets stored at 4C ± 1 were investigated. The results showed that lipid oxidation and spoilage of the samples were significantly delayed in samples treated with a plant extract in comparison with the controls (P < 0.05). The psychrophilic bacterial counts and total viable count values were above the acceptability limit (7 log10 colony‐forming unit/g) by the 6, 12, 15, 12 and 18th day of storage for the control: Cumin (3.0 %), Cumin (6.0 %), Wild mint (3.0 %) and Wild mint (6.0 %) treatments, respectively. The application of 6.0 % Wild mint leaf extract gave the best antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, as well as sensory scores, up to 18 days of storage. Sensory analysis results showed the treatment with a Wild mint extract had high quality and improved the beneficial effects on sensory properties. This research demonstrated that the Cumin and Wild mint extracts had significant effects on shelf‐life extension of fresh rainbow trout up to 12–18 days at refrigerated storage conditions and could be applied as natural preservatives for extending shelf life of fish products.Practical ApplicationsConsumer's awareness of well‐being and the demand for healthy and natural food products have caused much attention on using natural extract as preservative in food products. In this work, we investigated the effects of two natural extracts from Cumin Seed and Wild mint leaf on the quality of fish product, including chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities during refrigerated storage. To our knowledge, the application of Cumin Seed and Wild mint leaf extracts to extend the shelf life of fish product has not been studied previously.
A Program of Nurse Management for Unscheduled Consultations of Children With Acute Minor Illnesses in Primary Care
Authors: Fabrellas Núria , Juvé Eulàlia , Solà Montserrat , Aurín Eva , Berlanga Sofia , Galimany Jordi , Berenguer Lidia , Pujol M. Cèlia , Lacuesta Sara , Villo M. Cinta , Torres Montserrat 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionAttention to patients with acute minor illnesses represents a major burden for primary care. Although programs of nurse care for children with acute minor illnesses in primary care started a long time ago, there is limited information about the results of these programs in current practice.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a program of nurse management for unscheduled consultations of children with acute minor illnesses.MethodsObservational study of children seeking unscheduled consultations for 16 acute minor illnesses in 284 primary care practices during a 2‐year period. The program of nurse management used predefined management algorithms.FindingsAmong 467,160 consultations performed, case resolution was achieved in 65.4%. The remaining 34.6% of cases were not solved by the primary healthcare nurse due to the existence of signs of alarm and were referred to a pediatrician. Return to consultation during a 7‐day period for the same reason as the original consultation was only 2.6%.ConclusionsA program that uses management algorithms is effective for nurse care management of children with acute minor illnesses in primary care.Clinical RelevanceApplication of programs of nurse management for unscheduled consultations for children with acute minor illnesses is feasible and effective.
Methods and theory in bone modeling drift: comparing spatial analyses of primary bone distributions in the human humerus
Authors: Maggiano Corey M. , Maggiano Isabel S. , Tiesler Vera G. , Chi‐Keb Julio R. , Stout Sam D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study compares two novel methods quantifying bone shaft tissue distributions, and relates observations on human humeral growth patterns for applications in anthropological and anatomical research. Microstructural variation in compact bone occurs due to developmental and mechanically adaptive circumstances that are ‘recorded’ by forming bone and are important for interpretations of growth, health, physical activity, adaptation, and identity in the past and present. Those interpretations hinge on a detailed understanding of the modeling process by which bones achieve their diametric shape, diaphyseal curvature, and general position relative to other elements. Bone modeling is a complex aspect of growth, potentially causing the shaft to drift transversely through formation and resorption on opposing cortices. Unfortunately, the specifics of modeling drift are largely unknown for most skeletal elements. Moreover, bone modeling has seen little quantitative methodological development compared with secondary bone processes, such as intracortical remodeling. The techniques proposed here, starburst point‐count and 45° cross‐polarization hand‐drawn histomorphometry, permit the statistical and populational analysis of human primary tissue distributions and provide similar results despite being suitable for different applications. This analysis of a pooled archaeological and modern skeletal sample confirms the importance of extreme asymmetry in bone modeling as a major determinant of microstructural variation in diaphyses. Specifically, humeral drift is posteromedial in the human humerus, accompanied by a significant rotational trend. In general, results encourage the usage of endocortical primary bone distributions as an indicator and summary of bone modeling drift, enabling quantitative analysis by direction and proportion in other elements and populations.
Further Evaluation of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well‐Being: Evidence From Longitudinal and Experimental Studies
Authors: Metler Samantha J. , Busseri Michael A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSubjective well‐being (SWB; Diener, 1984) comprises three primary components: life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). Multiple competing conceptualizations of the tripartite structure of SWB have been employed, resulting in widespread ambiguity concerning the definition, operationalization, analysis, and synthesis of SWB‐related findings (Busseri & Sadava, 2011). We report two studies evaluating two predominant structural models (as recently identified by Busseri, 2015): a hierarchical model comprising a higher‐order latent SWB factor with LS, PA, and NA as indicators; and a causal systems model specifying unidirectional effects of PA and NA on LS. A longitudinal study (N = 452; Mage = 18.54; 76.5% female) and a lab‐based experiment (N = 195; Mage = 20.42 years; 87.6% female; 81.5% Caucasian) were undertaken. Structural models were evaluated with respect to (a) associations among SWB components across time (three months, three years in Study 1; one week in Study 2) and (b) the impact of manipulating the individual SWB components (Study 2). A hierarchical structural model was supported in both studies; conflicting evidence was found for the causal systems model. A hierarchical model provides a robust conceptualization for the tripartite structure of SWB.
Inhibitory effects of A
ster spathulifolius extract on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Kim Sa-Jic , Choung Se-Young 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Objectives
A ster spathulifolius Maxim (AS), known for its anti-viral and anti-allergic activity, is also known to reduce body weight gain in high fat diet-induced obese rats. But its molecular mechanism of the anti-obesity effects is still unclear. So, we investigated the inhibitory effect of AS extract (ASE) on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation to determine the underlying cellular molecular mechanism.

Methods
To perform this study, the contents of intracellular triglyceride were analysed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were carried out to investigate the expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors.

Key findings
ASE showed the suppression of adipogenic differentiation and the considerable reduction of the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Especially, ASE inhibited the early stage of differentiation via the downregulation of C/EBP-β and C/EBP-δ, which are early adipogenic factors. Major adipogenic factors, such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, were also subsequently inhibited. These findings were supported by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride levels. A molecular mechanism liking the effect of ASE was identified through the activation of AMPKα pathway. ASE increased protein levels of phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated ACC.

Conclusions
ASE showed anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects through the regulation of adipogenic factors and AMPKα pathway.
Comparison of Efficacy of Long‐term Oral Treatment with Telmisartan and Benazepril in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sent U. , Gössl R. , Elliott J. , Syme H. M. , Zimmering T. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe efficacy and benefits of telmisartan in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not previously been reported.HypothesisLong‐term treatment of cats with CKD using telmisartan decreases urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UP/C) similar to benazepril.AnimalsTwo‐hundred and twenty‐four client‐owned adult cats with CKD.MethodsProspective, multicenter, controlled, randomized, parallel group, blinded clinical trial with noninferiority design. Cats were allocated in a 1 : 1 ratio to either telmisartan (1 mg/kg; n = 112) or benazepril (0.5–1.0 mg/kg; n = 112) PO q24 h. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as the change in proteinuria (benazepril:telmisartan) based on a log transformed weighted average of UP/C change from baseline (AUC 0→t/t) as a percentage compared using a confidence interval (CI) approach. Changes of UP/C from baseline were assessed on all study days and corrected for multiple comparisons.ResultsTelmisartan proved noninferior to benazepril in controlling proteinuria (CI, −0.035 to 0.268). At Day 180, UP/C compared to baseline in the telmisartan group was significantly lower (−0.05 ± 0.31; P = .016), whereas in the benazepril group the change (−0.02 ± 0.48) was not statistically significant (P = .136). Similar results were obtained at all assessment points with significant decrease in UP/C occurring with telmisartan but not benazepril.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBoth telmisartan and benazepril were well tolerated and safe. Telmisartan proved to be noninferior to benazepril and significantly decreased proteinuria relative to baseline at all assessment points whereas benazepril did not.
Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 7 Dogs with Central Nervous System Aspergillosis
Authors: Taylor A.R. , Young B.D. , Levine G.J. , Eden K. , Corapi W. , Rossmeisl J.H. , Levine J.M. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSystemic aspergillosis is a manifestation of Aspergillus sp. infection that can result in central nervous system (CNS) involvement with marked alterations in CNS function. Information regarding the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases of aspergillosis with CNS involvement is lacking, resulting in a need for better understanding of this disease.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary objectives were to describe the clinical features and MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis. The secondary objectives were to describe clinicopathologic findings and case outcome.AnimalsSeven dogs with CNS aspergillosis.MethodsArchived records from 6 institutions were reviewed to identify cases with MRI of CNS aspergillosis confirmed with serum galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, culture, or supported by histopathology. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings were recorded and evaluated.ResultsAspergillosis of the CNS was identified in 7 dogs from 3 institutions. The median age was 3 years and six were German Shepherd dogs. Five dogs had signs of vestibular dysfunction as a component of multifocal neurological abnormalities. The MRI findings ranged from normal to abnormal, including hemorrhagic infarction and mass lesions.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUntil now, all reported MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis have been abnormal. We document that CNS aspergillosis in dogs, particularly German Shepherd dogs, can be suspected based on neurologic signs, whether MRI findings are normal or abnormal. Confirmatory testing with galactomannan EIA, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or tissue culture should be performed in cases where aspergillosis is a differential diagnosis.
Loperamide‐induced expression of immune and inflammatory genes in Collies associated with ivermectin sensitivity
Authors: Zhu M. , Yancy H. F. , Deaver C. , Jones Y. L. , Myers M. J. 
Published: October 2015

This study evaluated the impact of the ABCB1‐1Δ mutation in Collies which exhibited toxicity toward ivermectin, on changes in gene expression when given the unrelated ABCB1 substrate loperamide, to identify potential biomarkers predictive of drug safety. Thirty‐two healthy intact Collies consisting of dogs with either a wild‐type, heterozygous mutant, or homozygous mutant genotype were used. Whole blood samples were collected from Collies at 0 or 5 h following administration of loperamide at a dose of 0.10 mg/kg. Whole‐genome gene expression microarray was conducted to examine for changes in gene expression. Microarray analysis identified loperamide‐induced changes in gene expression which were specifically associated with ivermectin‐sensitive phenotypes in Collies possessing the ABCB1‐1Δ mutation. Gene pathway analysis further demonstrated that the altered genes are involved in immunological disease, cell death and survival, and cellular development. Thirteen genes, including CCL8 and IL‐8, were identified. Collie dogs harboring ABCB1‐1Δ mutation which also exhibited toxicity toward ivermectin demonstrated systematic responses following loperamide treatment exhibited by altered expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Genes such as CCL8 and IL‐8 are potential biomarkers in whole blood that may predict the safety of loperamide in dogs with ABCB1‐1∆ mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity.
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with severity of cirrhosis and negative impact after liver transplantation
Authors: Bhanji Rahima A. , Ma Mang , Bain Vincent G. , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsHyperhomocysteinemia constitutes an independent risk factor for thrombosis and cellular injury promoted by oxidative stress. The clinical significance of hyperhomocysteinemia in cirrhosis and outcomes post‐liver transplantation is poorly documented. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in cirrhosis, evaluate its association with thrombosis and severity of liver disease, and its impact on survival after liver transplantation.MethodsWe analysed 450 patients with cirrhosis who received a liver transplant between 2001 and 2010. Data were recovered from medical charts and homocysteine serum levels were determined before liver transplantation in all patients.ResultsMedian age was 53 years (range, 18–72 years) and 308 patients were males (68%). Cirrhosis aetiology was hepatitis C (37%), autoimmune liver disease (22%), alcohol (16%) and others (25%). The median homocysteine level was 11 μmol/L (range, 4–221 μmol/L) and 165 patients (37%) had hyperhomocysteinemia. The MELD (23 ± 10 vs. 20 ± 9 points, P < 0.001), and Child–Pugh (11 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 2 points, P < 0.001) scores were higher in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Episodes of thrombosis occurred in 91 patients (20%), but there was no significant difference in patients with or without hyperhomocysteinemia (19 vs. 21%, P = 0.6). Hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with reduced graft (105 ± 4 vs. 119 ± 2 months; P = 0.005), and patient survival (125 ± 33 vs. 131 ± 2 months; P = 0.006).ConclusionsHyperhomocysteinemia is frequently present in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with severe liver disease and reduced graft and patient survival after liver transplantation. The negative impact hyperhomocysteinemia has on graft and patient survival is not related to thrombosis.
A randomized open label study of ‘imipenem vs. cefepime’ in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Jindal Ankur , Kumar Manoj , Bhadoria Ajeet S. , Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), in the presence of bacterial resistance or failure of third generation cephalosporins (3rd GC) has poor outcome. Empirical antibiotic(s) options are limited in these scenarios.MethodsConsecutive cirrhotics with SBP because of hospital acquired SBP (>48 h of admission), microbial resistance or non‐response (no resolution of SBP at 48 h) were randomized to Cefepime (n = 88) or Imipenem (n = 87) plus standard medical therapy. We assessed for ‘response at 48 h’ (reduction in ascitic fluid absolute neutrophil count (ANC) by >25% at 48 h), resolution of SBP (<250 cu/mm ANC at day 5) and their clinical outcome.ResultsOf 957 paracentesis in 1200 hospitalized cirrhotics, 253 (26.4%) had SBP and 175 (69.6%) were randomized. Baseline parameters were comparable in two groups. Response at 48 h (58.6% vs. 51.7%; P = 0.4) and resolution of SBP in those with response at 48 h were comparable with no difference in mortality at week 2, month 1 and 3. Patients with ‘No response at 48 h’ had higher mortality compared with responders (73.8% vs. 25%; P < 0.001). Resolution of SBP was associated with ‘response at 48 h’ and septic shock, latter being main pre‐terminal event. AKI at enrolment [Hazard ratio (HR), 2.6], pneumonia [HR, 2.9], septic shock [HR, 2.2] and response at 48 h [HR, 4.6] predicted poor outcome.ConclusionsIn hospitalized cirrhotics with SBP and risk factors for treatment failure, cefepime showed comparable efficacy and survival to imipenem. Non‐response to therapy at 48 h is a reliable predictor of treatment failure and mortality. Antibiotic combinations and novel options are needed for these patients.
The 1925 meteorite fall near Ellemeet and Serooskerke, the Netherlands
Authors: de Vet Sebastiaan J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo meteorites impacted in 1925 around the town of Serooskerke on the isle of Schouwen, the Netherlands. The largest mass is widely known as the “Ellemeet” diogenite, while a second mass, heavily weathered due to environmental exposure, also survived until the present day. This work aims to reconstruct the history of the 1925 fall and for the first time documents the second mass, known as the “Serooskerke,” by integrating a historical and experimental approach. The study of historical news archives and cadastral records redefined the 1925 impact site at N 51°42.086′ E 3°49.789′. Environmental exposure experiments reproducing the effects of rainfall and frost weathering identified the latter as the main cause for the second mass' reported disintegration in the field sometime during the 1925–1926 winter. The bulk mineralogy of the second mass was established using XRD powder diffraction for a 2θ range of 3–70° and was found to be identical to an Ellemeet reference sample. UV/VIS/nIR spectroscopy (300–2500 nm) was subsequently used to broadly compare the second mass to HED clan meteorites Bouvante, EET87503, Johnstown and asteroid 4 Vesta in order to corroborate its vestan origin. The historical and geographic relationship of the two masses and the comparable bulk mineralogy supported the pairing of these two meteorites. This makes the Serooskerke a valuable legacy of the 1925 fall, especially as the location of ~50% of the remaining Ellemeet mass is presently unknown.