bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Signature of Nitroso–Redox Balance in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Menazza Sara , Aponte Angel , Sun Junhui , Gucek Marjan , Steenbergen Charles , Murphy Elizabeth 
Published: September 2015

Background

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most common types of cardiomyopathy. It has been proposed that an increase in oxidative stress in heart failure leads to a decrease in nitric oxide signaling, leading to impaired nitroso–redox signaling. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the occurrence of protein S‐nitrosylation (
SNO
) and oxidation in biopsies from explanted dilated cardiomyopathy and nonfailing donor male and female human hearts.

Methods and Results

Redox‐based resin‐assisted capture for oxidation and
SNO
proteomic analysis was used to measure protein oxidation and
SNO
, respectively. In addition, 2‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis using maleimide sulfhydryl‐reactive fluors was used to identify the
SNO
proteins. Protein oxidation increased in dilated cardiomyopathy biopsies in comparison with those from healthy donors. Interestingly, we did not find a consistent decrease in
SNO
in failing hearts; we found that some proteins showed an increase in
SNO
and others showed a decrease, and there were sex‐specific differences in the response. We found 10 proteins with a significant decrease in
SNO
and 4 proteins with an increase in
SNO
in failing female hearts. Comparing nonfailing and failing male hearts, we found 9 proteins with a significant decrease and 12 proteins with a significant increase. We also found an increase in S‐glutathionylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in failing female versus male hearts, suggesting an increase in uncoupled nitric oxide synthase in female hearts.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of nitroso–redox signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting a potential target to treat heart failure.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Yarbrough Chester K. , Ong Charlene J. , Beyer Alexander B. , Lipsey Kim , Derdeyn Colin P. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Stroke affects ≈700 000 patients annually. Recent randomized controlled trials comparing endovascular thrombectomy (ET) with medical therapy, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tissue-type plasminogen activator, have shown effectiveness of ET for some stroke patients. The study objective is to evaluate the effect of ET on good outcome in stroke patients.

Methods—
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane databases to identify original research publications between 1996 and 2015 that (1) reported clinical outcomes in patients for stroke at 90 days with the modified Rankin Scale; (2) included at least 10 patients per group; (3) compared outcome with a control arm, and (4) included anterior circulation strokes in each arm. Two authors reviewed articles for inclusion independently.

Results—
Nine of 23 809 studies met inclusion criteria. In primary analysis, ET was associated with increased odds for good outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.54). In secondary analysis, younger patients (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.50–2.28), older patients (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.10–3.37), patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.46–2.31), patients with worse strokes (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.56–3.18), and patients with more moderate strokes (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.36–2.18) had increased odds for good outcome. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality were similar between ET and control patients. No evidence of publication bias was seen.

Conclusions—
ET improves good outcomes after anterior circulation stroke. ET should be strongly considered for all patients presenting within 6 hours of onset with a stroke affecting a proximal, anterior circulation vessel without a contraindication to ET.
Initial Transient Response of an Intensifying Baroclinic Wave to Increases in Cloud Droplet Number Concentration
Authors: Lu Yi , Deng Yi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Ensemble simulations of an idealized baroclinic wave were conducted with the WRF Model to investigate the effects of increased cloud droplet number concentration (DNC) on the development of the wave. Statistically significant differences between experiments where the DNC was doubled and the control experiments were identified for an initial transient period before the cyclone enters the stage of rapid intensification. Doubling of the DNC increases total cloud water in the model, lowers the cloud level, and enhances latent heating to the east of the surface low, which strengthens the midtropospheric ridge. Subsequent changes in dry dynamical processes [e.g., advection of potential vorticity (PV)] as a result of the ridge strengthening lead to the deepening of the trough and ultimately produce a mild yet statistically significant strengthening of the baroclinic wave as a result of the DNC doubling. Piecewise PV inversion further confirms the critical role that latent heating change plays in strengthening the midtropospheric ridge. Also discussed are the distinctions between aerosol–tropical cyclone interaction and aerosol–extratropical cyclone interaction.
Simulations of Internal Solitary Wave Interactions with Mesoscale Eddies in the Northeastern South China Sea
Authors: Xie Jieshuo , He Yinghui , Chen Zhiwu , Xu Jiexin , Cai Shuqun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the combined analysis of synthetic aperture radar image and satellite altimeter data collected in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), this study found one type of distorted phenomenon of internal solitary wave (ISW) with the long front caused by the oceanic mesoscale eddy. Motivated by these satellite observations, the authors carried out numerical experiments using the fully nonhydrostatic and nonlinear MITgcm to investigate the perturbation of ISWs by an isolated cyclonic or anticyclonic eddy. The results show that the ISW front is distorted by these oceanic eddies due to the retardation and acceleration effects at their two sides. The ISW energy along the front is focused onto (scattered from) the wave fragment where a concave (convex) pattern is formed, and the previously accumulated energy in the focusing region is gradually released after the ISW propagates away from the eddies. The ISW amplitude is modulated greatly by the eddies due to the energy redistribution along the front. Sensitivity results indicate that the magnitude of the modulated ISW amplitude in the focusing region can reach twice the incident ISW amplitude, while in the scattering region it can be reduced by more than a half. These results therefore suggest that models with eddies included, especially the energetic eddies, could further improve the amplitude predictions in the northeastern SCS. Additionally, the internal gravity wave formed behind the energy-focusing region by the anticyclonic eddies can steepen and break with the consequent formation of a secondary trailing ISW packet. Finally, this study shows that the model results of the distorted front and trailing packet are in qualitative agreement with that of the satellite observations in the northeastern SCS.
Adjustment of the Meridional Overturning Circulation and Its Dependence on Depth of Mixing
Authors: Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Griffiths Ross W. , Hughes Graham O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe relative roles of advective processes and mixing on the temporal adjustment of the meridional overturning circulation are examined, in particular the effects of mixing in either the abyssal or upper ocean. Laboratory experiments with convectively driven overturning and imposed stirring rates show that the circulation adjusts toward an equilibrium state on time scales governed by mixing in the upper boundary layer region but independent of the mixing rate in the bulk of the interior. The equilibrium state of the stratification is dependent only on the rate of mixing in the boundary layer. An idealized high-resolution ocean model shows adjustment (of a two-cell circulation) dominated primarily by the advective ventilation time scale, consistent with a view of the circulation determined by water mass transformation occurring primarily near the surface. Both the experiments and the model results indicate that adjustments of the circulation are controlled by surface buoyancy uptake (or rejection) and that the nonequilibrium circulation is dominated by advective processes, especially if the average abyssal ocean diffusivity is less than 3 × 10−5 m2 s−1.
Facilitating Strongly Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Data Assimilation with an Interface Solver
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Bishop Craig H. , Holt Teddy , Cummings James , Kuhl David 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In a strongly coupled data assimilation (DA), a cross-fluid covariance is specified that allows measurements from a coupled fluid (e.g., atmosphere) to directly impact analysis increments in a target fluid (e.g., ocean). The exhaustive solution to this coupled DA problem calls for a covariance where all available measurements can influence all grid points in all fluids. Solution of such a large algebraic problem is computationally expensive, often calls for a substantial rewrite of existing fluid-specific DA systems, and, as shown in this paper, can be avoided.
The proposed interface solver assumes that covariances between coupled measurements and target fluid are often close to null (e.g., between stratospheric observations and the deep ocean within a 6-h forecast cycle). In the interface solver, two separate DA solvers are run in parallel: one that produces an analysis solution in the atmosphere, and one in the ocean. Each system uses a coupled observation vector where in addition to resident measurements in the target fluid it also includes nonresident measurements in the coupled fluid that are likely to have significant influence on the analysis in the target fluid (interface measurements). An ensemble-based method is employed and a localization function for coupled ensembles is proposed. Using a coupled model for the Mediterranean Sea (in a twin setting), it is demonstrated that (i) the solution of the interface solver converges to the exhaustive solution and (ii) that in presence of poorly known error covariances, the interface solver can be configured to produce a more accurate solution than an exhaustive solver.
Using Forecast Temporal Variability to Evaluate Model Behavior
Authors: Reynolds Carolyn A. , Satterfield Elizabeth A. , Bishop Craig H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The statistics of model temporal variability ought to be the same as those of the filtered version of reality that the model is designed to represent. Here, simple diagnostics are introduced to quantify temporal variability on different time scales and are then applied to NCEP and CMC global ensemble forecasting systems. These diagnostics enable comparison of temporal variability in forecasts with temporal variability in the initial states from which the forecasts are produced. They also allow for an examination of how day-to-day variability in the forecast model changes as forecast integration time increases. Because the error in subsequent analyses will differ, it is shown that forecast temporal variability should lie between corresponding analysis variability and analysis variability minus 2 times the analysis error variance. This expectation is not always met and possible causes are discussed. The day-to-day variability in NCEP forecasts steadily decreases at a slow rate as forecast time increases. In contrast, temporal variability increases during the first few days in the CMC control forecasts, and then levels off, consistent with a spinup of the forecasts starting from overly smoothed analyses. The diagnostics successfully reflect a reduction in the temporal variability of the CMC perturbed forecasts after a system upgrade. The diagnostics also illustrate a shift in variability maxima from storm-track regions for 1-day variability to blocking regions for 10-day variability. While these patterns are consistent with previous studies examining temporal variability on different time scales, they have the advantage of being obtainable without the need for extended (e.g., multimonth) forecast integrations.
A cluster randomized controlled trial of a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention for people with stroke: one year follow-up of caregivers
Authors: Bertilsson Ann-Sofie , Eriksson Gunilla , Ekstam Lisa , Tham Kerstin , Andersson Magnus , von Koch Lena , Johansson Ulla 
Published: September 2015

Objective: Compare caregiver burden, provision of informal care, participation in everyday occupations and life satisfaction of caregivers to people with stroke, who either had received a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention or usual activities of daily living interventions. Design: A multicentre cluster randomized controlled trial in which 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliver a client-centred, activities of daily living intervention or usual activities of daily living interventions. Caregiver outcomes were compared cross-sectionally at 12 months and changes in outcomes between three and 12 months after people with stroke were included in the study. Setting: Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation. Participants: Caregivers of people with stroke enrolled in the trial. Intervention: A client-centred, activities of daily living intervention aiming to increase agency in daily activities and participation in everyday life for people after stroke. Main measures: Caregiver Burden Scale, Occupational Gaps Questionnaire, LiSat-11. Results: There were no differences in outcomes between caregivers in the client-centred, activities of daily living ( n = 88) and the usual activities of daily living ( n = 95) group at 12 months. The caregiver burden score was 42.7 vs. 41.8, p = 0.75, mean occupational gaps were 3.5 vs. 4.0, p = 0.52 and satisfaction with life was 53% vs. 50%, p = 0.87. There were no differences in changes between three and 12 months. However, within groups there were significant differences in caregiver burden, factor general strain, for caregivers in the client-centred, activities of daily living group, and in provision of informal care for the usual activities of daily living group. Conclusion: The client-centred intervention did not bring about any difference between caregiver-groups, but within groups some difference was found for caregiver burden and informal care.
Evaluation of the new ICHD-III beta cluster headache criteria
Authors: de Coo IF , Wilbrink LA , Haan J , Ferrari MD , Terwindt GM 
Published: September 2015

Aim In the revised criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta) the following items are added to the diagnostic criteria of cluster headache: ipsilateral sensation of fullness in the ear and ipsilateral forehead/facial flushing. We evaluated the possible additional value of these symptoms for diagnosing cluster headache. Methods In this cross-sectional cohort study of (potential) cluster headache patients we investigated these additional symptoms using a Web-based questionnaire. Patients not fulfilling the ICHD-II criteria for cluster headache but fulfilling the ICHD-III beta criteria were interviewed. Results Response rate was 916/1138 (80.5%). Of all 573 patients with cluster headache according to ICHD-II criteria, 192 (33.5%) reported ipsilateral ear fullness and 113 (19.7%) facial flushing during attacks. There was no difference in reporting ipsilateral ear fullness and facial flushing between patients who received a diagnosis of cluster headache and patients who did not. None of the patients who did not fulfill all ICHD-II criteria could be categorized as cluster headache according to the ICHD-III beta criteria. Conclusion The results of this study do not support the addition of ear fullness and facial flushing to the new ICHD-III beta criteria.
Systemic and cerebral endothelial dysfunction in chronic migraine. A case-control study with an active comparator
Authors: González-Quintanilla Vicente , Toriello María , Palacio Enrique , González-Gay Miguel A , Castillo Jesús , Montes Silvia , Martínez-Nieto Rosa , Fernandez Jenifer , Rojo Alvaro , Gutiérrez Silvia , Pons Enar , Oterino Agustín 
Published: September 2015

Background and objective Unlike migraine and migraine with aura, little information exists regarding chronic migraine (CM) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In this study we aim to determine whether an association between CM and endothelial dysfunction exists. Methods Individuals 18 years and older diagnosed with episodic migraine (EM) and CM according to ICHD criteria were studied. After an overnight fast and abstinence from vasoactive drugs, ultrasound studies were performed and blood samples taken from patients and matched controls according to internationally agreed on protocols. Results A total of 113 individuals were enrolled (35 CM, 37 EM, 41 controls). CM patients had a lower percentage of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD; difference of means = 5.03%; p = 1.0E-6) and breath-holding index (BHI; difference of means 0.754; p = 2.0E-6), as well as increased carotid intima media thickness (cIMT; difference of means = 0.128 mm; p = 7.0E-5) than controls. The EM patients and controls comparison found similar, but less pronounced, differences: decreased BHI ( p = 0.031), and increased cIMT ( p = 0.028). Fibrinogen ( r = 0.277; p = 0.006), C-reactive protein ( r = 0.288; p = 0.003), and erythrocyte rate sedimentation ( r = 0.298; p = 0.002) also correlated with cIMT, and inversely with BHImV and FMD. Conclusions Migraine is associated with systemic and cerebral endothelial dysfunction demonstrated by ultrasound studies and biological markers. The degree of these changes was strongly associated with the severity of migraine. Our data indicate that migraine may be a cerebral disorder with systemic endothelial damage.
Individualizing the Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Heidenreich Mark J. , Dahm Diane L. , Stuart Michael J. , Levy Bruce A. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Patients with patellar instability and a tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance ≥20 mm may be candidates for distal tubercle realignment surgery. Although this variable has proven valuable in predicting recurrent dislocations, it is not individualized to patient size, bony structure, or patellofemoral mechanics. Purpose: To develop a patellar instability ratio (PIR) that predicts the risk of recurrent instability based on the TT-TG distance to patient-specific anatomy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: On magnetic resonance imaging scans of 59 knees with patellar instability, the TT-TG distance, tibial tubercle–posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance, sagittal patellar length (PL), sagittal trochlear length (TL), axial patellar width (PW), and axial trochlear width (TW) were calculated by 2 observers in a blinded and randomized fashion. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with a single dislocation and those with multiple (≥2) dislocations. The ability of the TT-TG and TT-PCL distances as well as the 8 different ratios to predict recurrent instability was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each measure. Results: Twelve knees (20%) experienced a single dislocation, while 47 (80%) sustained multiple dislocations. A TT-TG distance ≥20 mm was predictive of recurrent instability, with a sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 21%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The OR for TT-TG ≥20 mm was 5.38 ( P = .29), while the highest ORs for recurrent instability were noted for a TT-TG/PW ≥0.4 (OR, 7.37; P = .02) and a TT-TG/TW ≥0.5 (OR, 8.88; P = .04). The sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of a TT-TG/PW ≥0.4 were 62%, 83%, and 94%, respectively, while those of a TT-TG/TW ≥0.5 were 45%, 92%, and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: Two novel PIRs (TT-TG/TW and TT-TG/PW) were identified and found to more effectively predict recurrent instability than the TT-TG distance alone. Each ratio takes into account patient-specific anatomy and can be measured in an accurate and reliable fashion by clinicians. These PIRs are a step toward overcoming some of the limitations of using the TT-TG distance in isolation. Further investigation into the clinical applications and utility of the TT-TG/TW is warranted.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in BRIC countries: the cases of Brazil, Russia, India, and China
Authors: Richeldi Luca , Rubin Adalberto Sperb , Avdeev Sergey , Udwadia Zarir F. , Xu Zuo Jun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the prototype of interstitial lung diseases, has the worst prognosis and is the only interstitial lung disease for which approved pharmacological treatments are available. Despite being considered a rare disease, IPF patients pose major challenges to both physicians and healthcare systems. It is estimated that a large number of IPF patients reside in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) given their overall total population of approximately 3 billion inhabitants. Nevertheless, the limited availability of chest imaging in BRIC countries is considered a chief obstacle to diagnosis, since high-resolution computed tomography of the chest is the key diagnostic test for IPF. Further, obtaining reliable lung function tests and providing treatment access is difficult in the more rural areas of these countries. However, IPF might represent an opportunity for BRIC countries: the exponentially increasing demand for the enrollment of IPF patients in clinical trials of new drugs is predicted to face a shortage of patients – BRIC countries may thus play a crucial role in advancing towards a cure for IPF.
Rac1 plays an essential role in axon growth and guidance and in neuronal survival in the central and peripheral nervous systems
Authors: Hua Zhong L. , Emiliani Francesco E. , Nathans Jeremy 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Rac1 is a critical regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in multiple cell types. In the nervous system, it has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation, neuronal migration, and axon development.

Results
To systematically investigate the role of Rac1 in axon growth and guidance in the developing nervous system, we have examined the phenotypes associated with deleting Rac1 in the embryonic mouse forebrain, in cranial and spinal motor neurons, in cranial sensory and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and in the retina. We observe a widespread requirement for Rac1 in axon growth and guidance and a cell-autonomous defect in axon growth in Rac1

−/−
motor neurons in culture. Neuronal death, presumably a secondary consequence of the axon growth and/or guidance defects, was observed in multiple locations. Following deletion of Rac1 in the forebrain, thalamocortical axons were misrouted inferiorly, with the majority projecting to the contralateral thalamus and a minority projecting ipsilaterally to the ventral cortex, a pattern of misrouting that is indistinguishable from the pattern previously observed in Frizzled3

−/−
and Celsr3

−/−
forebrains. In the limbs, motor-neuron-specific deletion of Rac1 produced a distinctive stalling of axons within the dorsal nerve of the hindlimb but a much milder loss of axons in the ventral hindlimb and forelimb nerves, a pattern that is virtually identical to the one previously observed in Frizzled3

−/−
limbs.

Conclusions
The similarities in axon growth and guidance phenotypes caused by Rac1, Frizzled3, and Celsr3 loss-of-function mutations suggest a mechanistic connection between tissue polarity/planar cell polarity signaling and Rac1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation.