bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical and stable isotope characteristics of the Shinile and Fafen-Jerer catchment of eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Seifu Tesema Kebede 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of tracers, particularly isotope geochemistry tracers, is the most efficient method for understanding and providing fresh perspectives on hydrologic processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the stable isotope and geochemical characteristics of groundwater alluvial aquifers in eastern Ethiopia. Samples of water from rainfall, surface water, and groundwater sources were gathered and analyzed. The research discovered that EC, pH, and TDS fluctuated from 871 to 6090 μS/cm, 6 to 8.2, and 558 to 3898 mg/L, correspondingly. In both regions major cation and anion concentrations fall in the order of Ca2+  > Na+ > Mg2+  > K+ and SO42−  > HCO3−  > Cl− > NO3− respectively. The most common water types are mixed Na-Mg-Ca, Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, and Ca- HCO3−. Hydrogeochemical experiments revealed that carbonate and silicate weathering and ionic exchanges primarily govern the supply of important ions in the waters and the geochemical history. The stable isotopic compositions vary from − 2.772 to − 0.418 ‰ with a mean value of− 1.772 ‰, for oxygen and from− 10.37 to 1.01 ‰ with a mean value of− 4.306 ‰ for hydrogen. The results show precipitation has been found to have more enriched isotope compositions than groundwater. In other words, both the hydrogen and oxygen isotope of groundwater are depleted than the precipitation isotope composition. The findings contribute to our knowledge of the stable isotope and geochemistry and are useful in determining the primary compositions of groundwater, water type, and the hydrogeochemistry of semi-arid areas.
Endothelial and smooth muscle cell interaction with hydrothermally treated titanium surfaces
Authors: Manivasagam Vignesh K. , Popat Ketul C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and the most common form is coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment options include coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous heart intervention (PCI), but both have drawbacks. Bare metal stents (BMS) are commonly used to treat CAD; however, they lead to restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DES) were developed to overcome this limitation; however, they lead to late thrombosis. Hence, there is an urgent need to engineer stent surfaces that selectively prevents smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation (restenosis), while promoting endothelial cell adhesion and differentiation (endothelialization), thus enhancing hemocompatibility. In this study, hydrothermal treatment with either sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid was used to modify the surface of titanium. Titanium surface treated with sulfuric acid led to a micro-nano-surface morphology that selectively promoted endothelial cell adhesion and differentiation while prevented smooth muscle cell proliferation.
From Pre‐Darcy Flow to Darcy Flow in Porous Media: A Simple Unified Model
Authors: Cheng Hui , Wang Fugang , Li Shengwei , Cheng Zhongle , Yuan Yilong , Feng Guanhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtensive experiments have demonstrated that fluid flow in low‐permeability media deviates from Darcy's law at low pressure gradients, which is called pre‐Darcy flow. Although numerous pre‐Darcy flow models have been proposed, these models generally contain one or more empirical parameters with no clear physical meaning. In this paper, we present a simple unified model to describe pre‐Darcy flow in porous media by introducing the concept of loss permeability. The physical meaning of the loss permeability parameter and its relationship to permeability are analyzed. Based on the statistics of the loss permeability parameter results of 24 core samples, we found that there is a good positive correlation between the loss permeability parameter and the absolute permeability. A smaller loss permeability indicates a stronger fluid‐solid interaction and a stronger nonlinearity between the flow velocity and the pressure gradient. Taking a one‐dimensional linear unsteady flow of a slightly compressible fluid in a homogeneous porous medium as an example, we solve the pressure diffusion equation based on the proposed model using a finite difference method. Our results demonstrate that the rate of pressure propagation for pre‐Darcy flow is slower than that for Darcy flow for the entire observation period, which corrects previous conclusions. This study is highly important for improving the understanding of fluid flow in low‐permeability media.
Estimating Post‐Depositional Detrital Remanent Magnetization (pDRM) Effects for Several Lacustrine and Marine Sediment Records Using a Flexible Lock‐In Function Approach
Authors: Bohsung L. , Schanner M. , Korte M. , Holschneider M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeomagnetic field models over past millennia rely on two main data sources: archeomagnetic data provide snapshots of the geomagnetic field at specific locations, and sediment records deliver time series of the geomagnetic field at specific locations. The limited temporal and spatial coverage of archeomagnetic data necessitates the incorporation of sediment data especially when models go further back in time. When working with sediment data one should consider the post‐depositional detrital remanent magnetization (pDRM) process, which can cause delayed and smoothed signals. To address the distortion associated with the pDRM process a Bayesian modeling technique incorporating archeomagnetic data and a class of flexible parameterized lock‐in functions has been proposed. In this study, we investigate this method in more detail and apply it to declination and inclination of several lacustrine and marine sediment records. Data‐driven results support the hypothesis that the pDRM process can introduce distortions, including offsets and smoothing, in some lacustrine and marine sediment records. We demonstrate a correction approach to minimize the distortion caused by the pDRM process and its impact on geomagnetic field reconstructions. The variability in the results observed across the nine records points to a potential dependence on sedimentological characteristics. To explore this further, we plan to systematically apply our novel method to a larger number of records in future studies.
In vivo evaluation of guide-free Cas9-induced safety risks in a pig model
Authors: Ge Weikai , Gou Shixue , Zhao Xiaozhu , Jin Qin , Zhuang Zhenpeng , Zhao Yu , Liang Yanhui , Ouyang Zhen , Liu Xiaoyi , Chen Fangbing , Shi Hui , Yan Haizhao , Wu Han , Lai Liangxue , Wang Kepin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown great potential for treating human genetic diseases through gene therapy. However, there are concerns about the safety of this system, specifically related to the use of guide-free Cas9. Previous studies have shown that guide-free Cas9 can induce genomic instability in vitro. However, the in vivo safety risks associated with guide-free Cas9 have not been evaluated, which is necessary for the development of gene therapy in clinical settings. In this study, we used doxycycline-inducible Cas9-expressing pigs to evaluate the safety risks of guide-free Cas9 in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that expression of guide-free Cas9 could induce genomic damages and transcriptome changes in vivo. The severity of the genomic damages and transcriptome changes were correlate with the expression levels of Cas9 protein. Moreover, prolonged expression of Cas9 in pigs led to abnormal phenotypes, including a significant decrease in body weight, which may be attributable to genomic damage-induced nutritional absorption and metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we observed an increase in whole-genome and tumor driver gene mutations in pigs with long-term Cas9 expression, raising the risk of tumor occurrence. Our in vivo evaluation of guide-free Cas9 in pigs highlights the necessity of considering and monitoring the detrimental effects of Cas9 alone as genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 system is implemented in clinical gene therapy. This research emphasizes the importance of further study and implementation of safety measures to ensure the successful and safe application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in clinical practice.
Associations of methylmalonic acid and depressive symptoms with mortality: a population-based study
Authors: Cao Bing , Xiao Yefei , Liu Dan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethylmalonic acid (MMA), a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, has been reported to be associated with depression in specific populations (i.e., older adults and postpartum women). Our study aimed to investigate to what extent MMA was associated with depressive symptoms and mortality in the general population, and assess whether depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between MMA and mortality. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 8343 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MMA was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, while depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mortality data were obtained through linkage with National Death Index records. Linear regression models were performed to assess the association between MMA and depressive symptoms. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was utilized to assess the association of MMA and depressive symptoms with mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted within the counterfactual framework. In this general population, each SD (around 0.49 μmol/L) increase in MMA was associated with a 0.03 SD (approximately 0.15 score) increase in depressive symptoms (β = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.010, 0.055, p = 0.005). Notably, this association was more pronounced in men and participants over 60 years old. Higher levels of MMA and having more depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of mortality. However, depressive symptoms do not mediate the relationship between MMA and mortality. Elevated MMA levels were associated with depressive symptoms and an increased risk of mortality. These findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the multifactorial etiology of depression.
Genomic and immune determinants of resistance to daratumumab-based therapy in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ziccheddu Bachisio , Giannotta Claudia , D’Agostino Mattia , Bertuglia Giuseppe , Saraci Elona , Oliva Stefania , Genuardi Elisa , Papadimitriou Marios , Diamond Benjamin , Corradini Paolo , Coffey David , Landgren Ola , Bolli Niccolò , Bruno Benedetto , Boccadoro Mario , Massaia Massimo , Maura Francesco , Larocca Alessandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTargeted immunotherapy combinations, including the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) daratumumab, have shown promising results in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), leading to a considerable increase in progression-free survival. However, a large fraction of patients inevitably relapse. To understand this, we investigated 32 relapsed MM patients treated with daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (Dara-Rd; NCT03848676). We conducted an integrated analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and flow cytometry in patients with RRMM. WGS before and after treatment pinpointed genomic drivers associated with early progression, including RPL5 loss, APOBEC mutagenesis, and gain of function structural variants involving MYC and chromothripsis. Flow cytometry on 202 blood samples, collected every 3 months until progression for 31 patients, revealed distinct immune changes significantly impacting clinical outcomes. Progressing patients exhibited significant depletion of CD38-positive NK cells, persistence of T-cell exhaustion, and reduced depletion of regulatory T cells over time. These findings underscore the influence of immune composition and daratumumab-induced immune changes in promoting MM resistance. Integrating genomics and flow cytometry unveiled associations between adverse genomic features and immune patterns. Overall, this study sheds light on the intricate interplay between genomic complexity and the immune microenvironment driving resistance to Dara-Rd in patients with RRMM.
One-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions of linear precursors and their structural analyses
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Ishikawa Hiroki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Masui Hisashi , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFenestranes, in which four rings share one carbon atom, have garnered much attention because of their flattened quaternary carbon centers. In addition, the rigid and nonplanar structures of heteroatom-containing fenestranes are attractive scaffolds for pharmaceutical applications. We report one-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions. Our synthesis employs readily synthesizable, nonbranched acyclic allenyl precursors that facilitate sequential cycloaddition reactions. We report the synthesis of 22 heteroatom-containing and differently substituted fenestranes with rings of varying sizes. The prepared diaza-dioxa-fenestranes are subjected to X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations, which suggest that replacing the carbon atoms at the non-bridgehead positions in the fenestrane skeleton with nitrogen and oxygen atoms results in a slight flattening of the quaternary carbon center. Moreover, one of our synthesized c,c-[5.5.5.5]fenestranes containing two isoxazoline rings possesses the flattest quaternary carbon center among previously synthesized heteroatom-containing fenestrane versions.
Cytomegalovirus vaccine vector-induced effector memory CD4 + T cells protect cynomolgus macaques from lethal aerosolized heterologous avian influenza challenge
Authors: Malouli Daniel , Tiwary Meenakshi , Gilbride Roxanne M. , Morrow David W. , Hughes Colette M. , Selseth Andrea , Penney Toni , Castanha Priscila , Wallace Megan , Yeung Yulia , Midgett Morgan , Williams Connor , Reed Jason , Yu Yun , Gao Lina , Yun Gabin , Treaster Luke , Laughlin Amanda , Lundy Jeneveve , Tisoncik-Go Jennifer , Whitmore Leanne S. , Aye Pyone P. , Schiro Faith , Dufour Jason P. , Papen Courtney R. , Taher Husam , Picker Louis J. , Früh Klaus , Gale Michael , Maness Nicholas J. , Hansen Scott G. , Barratt-Boyes Simon , Reed Douglas S. , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn influenza vaccine approach that overcomes the problem of viral sequence diversity and provides long-lived heterosubtypic protection is urgently needed to protect against pandemic influenza viruses. Here, to determine if lung-resident effector memory T cells induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV)-vectored vaccines expressing conserved internal influenza antigens could protect against lethal influenza challenge, we immunize Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) with cynomolgus CMV (CyCMV) vaccines expressing H1N1 1918 influenza M1, NP, and PB1 antigens (CyCMV/Flu), and challenge with heterologous, aerosolized avian H5N1 influenza. All six unvaccinated MCM died by seven days post infection with acute respiratory distress, while 54.5% (6/11) CyCMV/Flu-vaccinated MCM survived. Survival correlates with the magnitude of lung-resident influenza-specific CD4 + T cells prior to challenge. These data demonstrate that CD4 + T cells targeting conserved internal influenza proteins can protect against highly pathogenic heterologous influenza challenge and support further exploration of effector memory T cell-based vaccines for universal influenza vaccine development.
Intramolecular dynamic coupling slows surface relaxation of polymer glasses
Authors: Tian Houkuan , Luo Jintian , Tang Qiyun , Zha Hao , Priestley Rodney D. , Hu Wenbing , Zuo Biao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the past three decades, studies have indicated a mobile surface layer with steep gradients on glass surfaces. Among various glasses, polymers are unique because intramolecular interactions — combined with chain connectivity — can alter surface dynamics, but their fundamental role has remained elusive. By devising polymer surfaces occupied by chain loops of various penetration depths, combined with surface dissipation experiments and Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the intramolecular dynamic coupling along surface chains causes the sluggish bulk polymers to suppress the fast surface dynamics. Such effect leads to that accelerated segmental relaxation on polymer glass surfaces markedly slows when the surface polymers extend chain loops deeper into the film interior. The surface mobility suppression due to the intramolecular coupling reduces the magnitude of the reduction in glass transition temperature commonly observed in thin films, enabling new opportunities for tailoring polymer properties at interfaces and under confinement and producing glasses with enhanced thermal stability.
AI-assisted discovery of high-temperature dielectrics for energy storage
Authors: Gurnani Rishi , Shukla Stuti , Kamal Deepak , Wu Chao , Hao Jing , Kuenneth Christopher , Aklujkar Pritish , Khomane Ashish , Daniels Robert , Deshmukh Ajinkya A. , Cao Yang , Sotzing Gregory , Ramprasad Rampi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrostatic capacitors play a crucial role as energy storage devices in modern electrical systems. Energy density, the figure of merit for electrostatic capacitors, is primarily determined by the choice of dielectric material. Most industry-grade polymer dielectrics are flexible polyolefins or rigid aromatics, possessing high energy density or high thermal stability, but not both. Here, we employ artificial intelligence (AI), established polymer chemistry, and molecular engineering to discover a suite of dielectrics in the polynorbornene and polyimide families. Many of the discovered dielectrics exhibit high thermal stability and high energy density over a broad temperature range. One such dielectric displays an energy density of 8.3 J cc−1 at 200 °C, a value 11 × that of any commercially available polymer dielectric at this temperature. We also evaluate pathways to further enhance the polynorbornene and polyimide families, enabling these capacitors to perform well in demanding applications (e.g., aerospace) while being environmentally sustainable. These findings expand the potential applications of electrostatic capacitors within the 85–200 °C temperature range, at which there is presently no good commercial solution. More broadly, this research demonstrates the impact of AI on chemical structure generation and property prediction, highlighting the potential for materials design advancement beyond electrostatic capacitors.
Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes
Authors: Guo Shi-Yu , Liu Yi-Peng , Huang Jin-Song , He Li-Bowen , He Gu-Cheng , Ji Ding-Wei , Wan Boshun , Chen Qing-An 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVisible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines. The ring-fused azaarenes serve as not only substrate, but also potential precursors for halogen-atom abstraction for pyridyl radical generation in this photocatalysis. As a complement to metal catalysis, this photo-induced radical process with mild and redox neutral conditions assembles two different heteroaryl groups into alkenes regioselectively and contribute to broad substrates scope. The obtained products containing aza-arene units permit various further diversifications, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of photo-induced alkyl/aryl halides activation.
Thermodynamic assessment of evaporation during molten steel testing onboard the International Space Station
Authors: Nawer Jannatun , Stanford Brian , Kolbe Matthias , Schneider Stephan , Gossé Stéphane , Wunderlich Rainer K. , Mohr Markus , Borzì Aurelio , Neels Antonia , Matson Douglas M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvaporation control is a critical facility resource during solidification experiments that limits processing time and must be tracked to ensure facility health. A thermodynamic analysis was performed on a ternary FeCrNi sample processed onboard the International Space Station (ISS) using ESA Electromagnetic Levitation (EML) facility in a microgravity environment. A non-ideal solution-based mathematical model was applied for the overall sample mass loss prediction during this study. The overall sample mass loss prediction is consistent with the post-flight mass loss measurements. The species-specific findings from this study were validated using post-mission SEM-EDX surface evaluations by three different facilities. The bulk composition prediction was validated using SEM-EDX and wet chemical analysis. The non-ideal solution model was then applied to predict the composition of the dust generated during EML testing. The thicknesses of the deposited layer on the EML coil at various locations were also calculated using the geometry of the facility and results were validated with near-real-time dust layer predictions from toxicity tracking software developed by the German Space Center (DLR) Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC).
The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration
Authors: Parey Elise , Ortega-Martinez Olga , Delroisse Jérôme , Piovani Laura , Czarkwiani Anna , Dylus David , Arya Srishti , Dupont Samuel , Thorndyke Michael , Larsson Tomas , Johannesson Kerstin , Buckley Katherine M. , Martinez Pedro , Oliveri Paola , Marlétaz Ferdinand 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecies within nearly all extant animal lineages are capable of regenerating body parts. However, it remains unclear whether the gene expression programme controlling regeneration is evolutionarily conserved. Brittle stars are a species-rich class of echinoderms with outstanding regenerative abilities, but investigations into the genetic bases of regeneration in this group have been hindered by the limited genomic resources. Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the brittle star Amphiura filiformis. We show that the brittle star genome is the most rearranged among echinoderms sequenced so far, featuring a reorganized Hox cluster reminiscent of the rearrangements observed in sea urchins. In addition, we performed an extensive profiling of gene expression during brittle star adult arm regeneration and identified sequential waves of gene expression governing wound healing, proliferation and differentiation. We conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses with other invertebrate and vertebrate models for appendage regeneration and uncovered hundreds of genes with conserved expression dynamics, particularly during the proliferative phase of regeneration. Our findings emphasize the crucial importance of echinoderms to detect long-range expression conservation between vertebrates and classical invertebrate regeneration model systems.