bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining sustainable practice in community‐based health promotion: A Delphi study of practitioner perspectives
Authors: Harris Neil , Sandor Maria 
Published: March 2013

Issue addressedSustainability of practice must be a central imperative in the practice of community‐based health promotion to achieve population health and attract a greater share of public health spending. Although there has been some consideration of sustainability at the project or program levels, often understood as intervention longevity, very limited attention has been given to understanding sustainable practice.MethodsThe present study develops a definition and features of sustainable practice in community‐based health promotion through a Delphi method with health promotion practitioners in Queensland, Australia.ResultsThe study presents a consensus definition and features of sustainable practice. The definition highlights the importance of collaboration, health determinants and aspirations, processes and outcomes. The four features of sustainable practice identified in the study are: (1) effective relationships and partnerships; (2) evidence‐based decision making and practice; (3) emphasis on building community capacity; and (4) supportive context for practice.ConclusionsThe definition and features are, to a large extent, consistent with the limited literature around sustainability at the project and program levels of health promotion. Together, they provide insight into a form of community‐based health promotion that will be both viable and productive.So what?This consensus understanding of sustainable practice articulates the foundations of working effectively with local communities in achieving improved population health within global limits.
Friction and wear behaviors of aircraft brake linings material
Authors: Çeliktaş Erhan , Topuz Ahmet , Kazancı Zafer 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to produce and investigate a reliable and effective aircraft brake lining material.Design/methodology/approachIn total, four different Cu‐based brake lining samples were produced by powder metallurgy. The produced samples were tested in an experimental setup on friction, wear and mechanical performance, then metallographic and scanning electron microscope inspections were performed. Hardness, compression strength and density of copper‐based brake linings were also tested. Moreover, a numerical simulation of the structural reaction of a sample under compression was carried out by using ANSYS.FindingsAccording to tests, suitable aircraft brake lining material composition would be 75% Cu, 5% Fe, 5% Sn, 5% Graphite, 5% SiO2, 5% MoS2.Practical implicationsThe paper will help designers choose the most proper ingredient combination for aircraft brake lining materials.Originality/valueThe paper notes that adding silicon dioxide and graphite forms a porosive structure. In addition, porosity brings a low strength and high wear rate.
Integrity monitoring using ERAIM for GNSS/inertial system
Authors: Liu Haiying , Ye Weisong , Wang Huinan 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrity monitoring method using ERAIM (Extended Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) for the integrated GNSS/Inertial (Global Navigation Satellite System and inertial navigation system) of general aviation aircraft.Design/methodology/approachFirst the tightly integrated GNSS with Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/SINS) and the Kalman filter is designed. Then the processing of ERAIM is presented, in which the least‐squares theory is used to calculate the best estimators by integrating the predicted states with measurement states of Kalman filter. Based on the new measurement model, the integrity monitoring for GNSS/inertial system is carried out, including the fault detection, identification, reliability and separability. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for ERAIM vs RAIM are performed to validate the proposed method.FindingsSimulation results show that the ERAIM method is able to detect and identify effectively any type of failure including step failure and ramp failure. Compared to the RAIM method for only GNSS, the ERAIM increases the redundant information and reduces the correlation of test statistics, as well as enhancing the reliability and thus can significantly improve the performance of integrity monitoring.Practical implicationsIn safety critical sectors such as aviation, stringent integrity performance requirements must be met. The ERAIM method cannot only be used in integrity monitoring for the integrated GNSS/Inertial system, but also can be applied to only GNSS or other integrated navigation systems for general aviation aircraft.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new integrity monitoring method of ERAIM, which is able to improve the fault detection and identification capabilities significantly by extending GNSS‐used RAIM method into the GNSS/Inertial integrated system.
Launch window for manned Moon‐to‐Earth trajectories
Authors: Li Jingyang , Gong Shengping , Wang Xiang , Li Jingxia 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish an orbital launch window for manned Moon‐to‐Earth trajectories to support China's manned lunar landing mission requirements of high‐latitude landing and anytime return, i.e. the capability of safely returning the crew exploration vehicle at any time from any lunar parking orbit. The launch window is a certain time interval during which the transearth injection may occur and result in a safe lunar return to the specified landing site on the surface of the Earth.Design/methodology/approachUsing the patched conic technique, an analytical design method for determining the transearth trajectories is developed with a finite sphere of influence model. An orbital launch window has been established to study the mission sensitivities to transearth trip time and energy requirements. The results presented here are limited to a single impulsive maneuver.FindingsThe difference between the results of the analytical model and high‐fidelity model is compared. This difference is relatively small and can be easily eliminated by a simple differential correction procedure. The launch window duration varies with launch date, from less than one hour to greater than 20 h, and the launch window occurs every day in the sidereal month.Research limitations/implicationsThe solution can be used to serve as an initial estimate for future optimization procedures.Practical implicationsThe orbital launch window can be used to provide the basis for the preparation of an orbital launch timetable compatible with lunar missions and re‐entry conditions requirements.Originality/valuePrevious studies were mainly concentrated on the launch windows for the departure from the Earth. This paper investigates and establishes the orbital launch window for Moon‐to‐Earth trajectories.
Composite wing elastic axis for aeroelasticity optimization design
Authors: Huo S.H. , Wang F.S. , Yuan Z. , Yue Z.F. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeComputational efficiency is always the major concern in aircraft design. The purpose of this paper is to investigate an efficient aeroelasticity optimization design method. Analysis of composite wing elastic axis is presented in the current study and its application on aeroelasticity optimization design is discussed.Design/methodology/approachElastic axis consists of stiffness centers. The stiffness centers of eight cross sections are analyzed and the wing elastic axis is obtained through least‐squares procedure. In the analysis of the cross section stiffness center, the wing model is approximated by assuming the wing cross section as a thin walled structure with a single cell closed section and assuming the composite material to be a 3D anisotropic material. In aeroelasticity optimization design, objective functions are taken to be the wing weight and elastic axis position. Design variables are the thickness and area of wing components.FindingsAfter aeroelasticity optimization design, the wing weight decreases while the divergent velocity increases. Meanwhile, it can achieve an expected result but costs much less computational time than the conventional method.Practical implicationsThe results can be used for aircraft design or as an initial value for the next detailed optimization design.Originality/valueThe computational time can be dramatically reduced through the aeroelasticity optimization design based on the elastic axis. It is suitable for engineering applications.
Accidental ignition in the engine intake system
Authors: Grzelka Janusz , Cupiał Karol , Pyrc Michał , Dużyński Adam , Gruca Michal , Brzęczek Józef , Zbos Tadeusz 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe studies of accidental ignition of fuel‐air mixture. Studies were carried out in a laboratory that contains the naturally aspirated aircraft engine LYCOMNIG 320B1A IO type used in the EM‐11C Orka aircraft and the intake system to determine its resilience to the effects of accidental ignition and the occurrence of a backfire.Design/methodology/approachTests were performed on a model under extreme conditions (with the intake system closed) and under conditions similar to normal operation using fuels of different combustion rates.FindingsIt was found that the positive pressure caused by such accidental ignition under normal operating conditions did not exceed 0.08 bar and did not pose any hazard of damaging the intake system of the IO‐320B1‐type LYCOMNIG naturally aspirated aircraft engine, as designed by the aircraft manufacturer.Practical implicationsThe positive results of the tests of the EM11C Orka aircraft intake system's resistance to flashback and other positive test results for this aircraft have contributed to obtaining the EASA.A.115 Certificate and the EASA.21J.117 Certificate for the Design Unit, and the plane was presented at the AERO – Friedrichshafen 2011 Exhibition.Originality/valueThe paper described how, in the laboratory, simulated extreme operating conditions of the naturally aspirated aircraft engine intake system powered aircraft fuels with different burning speeds (aviation gasoline, hydrogen).
Penetration trajectory planning based on radar tracking features for UAV
Authors: Chen Shaofei , Liu Hongfu , Chen Jing , Shen Lincheng 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to plan the penetration trajectory for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the presence of radar‐guided surface to air missiles (SAMs).Design/methodology/approachThe penetration trajectory planning problem is modelled based on four aspects of radar tracking features. As penetration just utilizes the low observability of radar cross section (RCS) to satisfy temporal constraints of tracking, the problem is formulated as multi‐phase trajectory planning with detected probability (MTP‐DP). While utilizing both the low observability of RCS and the radial velocity blind area of radar, the problem is formulated as multi‐phase trajectory planning with detected probability and radial velocity (MTP‐DP&RV). The pseudospectral multi‐phase optimal control based trajectory planning algorithm is proposed.FindingsThe results of the examples illustrate that the multi‐phase trajectory planning method can finely utilize the radar tracking features to optimize the comprehensive efficiency of penetration. The pseudospectral multi‐phase optimal control based trajectory planning algorithm could effectively solve the trajectory planning problem.Originality/valueThis paper provides new structured method to plan UAV penetration trajectory for military application and academic study.
Artificial bee colony optimized controller for unmanned rotorcraft pendulum
Authors: Changhao Sun , Duan Haibin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for pendulum‐like oscillation control of an unmanned rotorcraft (UR) in a reconnaissance mission and improve the stabilizing performance of the UR's hover and stare.Design/methodology/approachThe algorithm is based on linear‐quadratic regulator (LQR), of which the determinable parameters are optimized by the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, a newly developed algorithm inspired by swarm intelligence and motivated by the intelligent behaviour of honey bees.FindingsThe proposed algorithm is tested in a UR simulation environment and achieves stabilization of the pendulum oscillation in less than 4s.Research limitations/implicationsThe presented algorithm and design strategy can be extended for other types of complex control missions where relative parameters must be optimized to get a better control performance.Practical implicationsThe ABC optimized control system developed can be easily applied to practice and can safely stabilize the UR during hover and stare, which will considerably improve the stability of the UR and lead to better reconnaissance performance.Originality/valueThis research presents a new algorithm to control the pendulum‐like oscillation of URs, whose performance of hover and stare is a key issue when carrying out new challenging reconnaissance missions in urban warfare. Simulation results show that the presented algorithm performs better than traditional methods and the design process is simpler and easier.
Health‐state evaluation for aerospace systems
Authors: Tan Xiaodong , Qiu Jing , Liu Guanjun , Lv Kehong 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the health‐states of unit under test (UUT) in aerospace systems by means of unreliable test outcomes, and the evaluation results can provide a guide for engineers to carry out proper maintenance prior to total failure.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors formulate the health‐state evaluation (HSE) problem with unreliable test outcomes based on Bayes rule, and develop the Lagrangian relaxation and adaptive genetic algorithm (LRAGA) to solve it. The solution scheme can be viewed as a two‐level coordinated solution framework for the HSE problem. At the top level, the Lagrange multipliers are updated by using AGA. At the bottom level, each of the sub‐problems is solved by using AGA.FindingsThe experimental results show that the HSE model appears promising and the LRAGA can obtain the higher quality solution and converge to it at a faster rate than conventional methods (i.e. Lagrangian relaxation (LR), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA) and Lagrangian relaxation and genetic algorithm (LRGA).Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed method for the HSE problem of large‐scale systems which include thousands of faults and tests needs to be verified further.Practical implicationsThe HSE results for aerospace systems can help engineers to carry out a schedule for prompt maintenance prior to UUTs' failure, to avoid the consequences of total failure. It is important to improve aerospace systems' safety, reliability, maintainability, affordability, and reduce life cycle cost.Originality/valueThis paper constructs the HSE model with unreliable test outcomes based on the Bayes rule and proposes a method based on LRAGA to solve the HSE problem.
A new standard instrument arrival: the point merge system
Authors: Sahin Meric Özlem , Usanmaz Oznur 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design a new standard instrument arrival called the point merge system (PMS) for converging runways. The PMS enables controllers to handle traffic with no heading instruction, as well as aiming to reduce a controller's frequency occupancy time.Design/methodology/approachThe point merge model was designed for converging runways. Istanbul International Ataturk Airport, which has converging runways, was chosen as an application area for this model. The same 50 traffic arrivals per hour were used both for point merge and vectoring. Implementation was compared using a real time simulation.FindingsThe simulation results show that the total average number of instructions is about 33 per cent less and the frequency occupancy is about 37 per cent less for point merge than for vectoring. In addition, in terms of trajectory dispersion, in point merge, traffic is within a narrower triangular area, while in vectoring large traffic dispersion occurs.Practical implicationsThe point merge model for converging runways proposed in this paper can be applied by airspace designers and air navigation service providers to perform efficient standard instrument arrival routes.Originality/valueThe PMS has been developed for single and parallel runways; however, in this study, the point merge model is designed for converging runways at Istanbul International Ataturk Airport.
Implications of customer and entrepreneurial orientations for SME growth
Authors: Eggers Fabian , Kraus Sascha , Hughes Mathew , Laraway Sean , Snycerski Susan 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to empirically investigate how the business orientations of customer orientation (CO) (represented by responsiveness to customers) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) (represented by proactiveness, innovativeness and risk‐taking) impact the growth of SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a quantitative empirical approach, using structural equation modeling with the software package AMOS to analyze the results of 660 surveyed SMEs from Austria.FindingsThis analysis reveals that EO is positively related to SME growth but CO shows a negative association with growth. Moreover, this analysis suggests that SMEs grow the most if they exhibit high EO and low CO.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis shows that CO, interpreted as a purely responsive and reactive construct, cannot be considered a strategy that leads to sustainable SME growth. If an SME desires growth, EO is needed to fuel these growth aspirations. In spite of these findings however, this study shows that SMEs tend to respond to a scarcity of financial resources with more CO and less EO, which then leads to less or even negative growth.Practical implicationsSustainable firm growth seems impossible without an EO. However, this does not mean that CO is not of any value for SMEs. Being non‐entrepreneurially oriented does not mean that a firm is automatically customer oriented. So, it is not only about implementing CO or EO since there is still the third option: implementing neither.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly conversation on the value of different orientations to firms and takes the view that the conversation on CO and EO has mis‐specified business performance in seeking to understand their performance consequences. By looking at firm growth, relevant to the longer‐term performance of a firm, EO might drive growth because of its emphasis on innovation to renew the firm's growth trajectory whereas CO might stifle growth owing to its myopic focus. Thus, this study addresses calls in the business and entrepreneurship literatures to more fully understand how SMEs can capture value from their customer and entrepreneurial orientations.
Pricing orientation, pricing capabilities, and firm performance
Authors: Liozu Stephan M. , Hinterhuber Andreas 
Published: March 2013

PurposeHow do pricing methods affect firm performance? From both an academic as well as a managerial perspective this question is important. The literature is silent on the relationship between pricing approach and company performance. The aim of this paper is to address this research gap.Design/methodology/approachTo address this practical and theoretical deficit, the authors surveyed 1,812 professionals involved in pricing to measure the influence of pricing approach on firm performance.FindingsThe authors find a positive relationship between value‐based pricing (but not competition‐based pricing) and firm performance. Furthermore, the authors find that the three pricing orientations differently influence firm pricing capabilities, which in turn are positively related to firm performance. This paper is thus the first paper documenting a positive relationship between value‐based pricing and firm performance through a quantitative research design.Originality/valueThese findings have important theoretical as well as practical implications and suggest that all firms, regardless of size, industry or geography, benefit from value‐based pricing.
Communication in new technology based‐firms
Authors: Ubeda Joan E. , Gieure Clara , de‐la‐Cruz Carlos , Sastre Olga 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe paper aims at identifying the main social media applications used by new technology based‐firms (NTBFs) and at calculating the volume of followers they have in each application. It also focuses on the amount of activity generated by the firms in those social networks, identifying the key thematic content of their social media activity, analyzing the ability to create dialogue with their stakeholders and clarifying which style of communication they use.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents an exploratory study of the use of social media tools by NTBFs, located in Spanish Science Parks, as an important resource network for firms in the corresponding sector. A total of 432 new technology‐based firms were analyzed to identify which social media applications are more frequently used, as well as to establish the number of followers they registered in the month of February, 2012.FindingsThe results contribute towards a better understanding of how firms monitor public perception of their brand, products, and services in real time. The main conclusion of this study is the low presence of technology‐based firms in the five social media applications analyzed herein.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of this study are related to the time period analyzed, given that the authors just observed one month of a year, which can lead to distortions regarding the activity of firms throughout the year.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the need of businesses to develop communication strategies focused on social media, which are designed to enable the development of a dialogue with stakeholders and allow firms to implement a communication strategy based on the principles of relational marketing.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study thoroughly how firms use social media.
Greening with IT: practices of leading countries and strategies of followers
Authors: Lee Sang M. , Park Sang‐Hyun , Trimi Silvana 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present green information technology (GIT) initiatives of leading countries and to suggest strategies for environmental sustainability for the follower countries.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive review of greening of IT and greening by IT programs for sustainable growth in leading countries, the growing GIT market, and possible GIT strategies for the follower countries is provided.FindingsGreen IT initiatives and practices in leading countries mirror each country's IT infrastructure and governmental efforts for green growth society. Some of the best practices of these countries should be benchmarked by the follower countries that have recently experienced dramatic increases in energy consumption and CO2 emission.Research limitations/implicationsEach country has its own unique political, social, and economic conditions. Thus, a universal set of GIT initiatives is not suggested in this study.Practical implicationsGIT should be a critical national strategy for any country. The findings of this study provide guidance to government and corporate leaders, especially for the developing countries, on how to develop effective GIT programs for sustainable green society.Originality/valueThis study presents a comprehensive discussion of GIT initiatives and practices of leading countries and the exploding GIT market around the world. It also provides new insights for GIT for the follower countries.