bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hautkrebs durch natürliche UV‐Strahlung als Berufskrankheit – Voraussetzungen für eine Meldung und Anerkennung
Authors: Diepgen Thomas L. , Brandenburg Stephan , Aberer Werner , Bauer Andrea , Drexler Hans , Fartasch Manigé , Malte John Swen , Krohn Steffen , Palfner Stefanie , Römer Wolfgang , Schuhmacher‐Stock Uta , Elsner Peter 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind über 2,5 Millionen Arbeitnehmer aufgrund ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit als Outdoor‐Worker im besonderen Maße gegenüber natürlicher UV‐Strahlung exponiert. Der Ärztliche Sachverständigenbeirat „Berufskrankheiten“ beim Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales hat den Zusammenhang zwischen beruflicher UV‐Strahlung und Hautkrebs geprüft und empfohlen, in die Anlage1 zur Berufskrankheiten‐Verordnung folgende neue Berufskrankheit aufzunehmen: „Plattenepithelkarzinome oder multiple aktinische Keratosen der Haut durch natürliche UV‐Strahlung“.Es wird aus Sicht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Berufs‐ und Umweltdermatologie (ABD) in der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) und der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) dargestellt, welche Voraussetzungen für eine Meldung und Anerkennung einer beruflichen Hautkrebserkrankung durch natürliche UV‐Strahlung erfüllt sein müssen.
Recovery after African Olive invasion: can a ‘bottom‐up’ approach to ecological restoration work?
Authors: Cuneo Peter , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAfrican Olive (Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata) is a densely crowned evergreen small tree, native to eastern Africa that is highly invasive in areas where it has been introduced, including Hawaii and Australia. Invasion by African Olive threatens Cumberland Plain Woodland, a critically endangered grassy eucalypt woodland from western Sydney, Australia, through the formation of a dense mid‐canopy excluding the regeneration of native species. We established a 3‐year field experiment to determine the effectiveness of direct seeding and fire, as techniques for early stage restoration of a 2 ha historically cleared and degraded Cumberland Plain Woodland site after the removal of African Olive. Direct seeding was able to re‐establish a native perennial grass cover which was resistant to subsequent weed invasion and could be managed as an important first stage in woodland restoration with fire and selective herbicide. Fire was able to stimulate some germination of colonising native species from the soil seed bank after 15 years of African Olive invasion; however, germination and establishment of native shrubs from the applied seed mix was poor. We propose a ‘bottom‐up’ model of ecological restoration in such highly degraded sites that uses a combination of direct seeding and stimulation of the soil seed bank by fire, which could be applicable to other degraded grassy woodland sites and plant communities.
Reduced language connectivity in pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Sepeta Leigh N. , Croft Louise J. , Zimmaro Lauren A. , Duke Elizabeth S. , Terwilliger Virginia K. , Yerys Benjamin E. , You Xiaozhen , Vaidya Chandan J. , Gaillard William D. , Berl Madison M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveFunctional connectivity (FC) among language regions is decreased in adults with epilepsy compared to controls, but less is known about FC in children with epilepsy. We sought to determine if language FC is reduced in pediatric epilepsy, and examined clinical factors that associate with language FC in this population.MethodsWe assessed FC during an age‐adjusted language task in children with left‐hemisphere focal epilepsy (n = 19) compared to controls (n = 19). Time series data were extracted for three left regions of interest (ROIS) and their right homologues: inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and Wernicke's area (WA) using SPM8. Associations between FC and factors such as cognitive performance, language dominance, and epilepsy duration were assessed.ResultsChildren with epilepsy showed decreased interhemispheric connectivity compared to controls, particularly between core left language regions (IFG, WA) and their right hemisphere homologues, as well as decreased intrahemispheric right frontal FC. Increased intrahemispheric FC between left IFG and left WA was a positive predictor of language skills overall, and naming ability in particular. FC of language areas was not affected by language dominance, as the effects remained only when examining participants with left language dominance. Overall FC did not differ according to duration of epilepsy or age of onset.SignificanceFC during a language task is reduced in children, similar to findings in adults. In specific, children with left focal epilepsy demonstrated decreased interhemispheric FC in temporal and frontal language connections and decreased intrahemispheric right frontal FC. These differences were present near the onset of epilepsy. Greater FC between left language centers is related to better language ability. Our results highlight that connectivity of language areas has a developmental pattern and is related to cognitive ability.
FcRγ promotes contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone without affecting the contact sensitisation process in B6 mice
Authors: Nunomura Satoshi , Ohtsubo‐Yoshioka Mino , Okayama Yoshimichi , Terui Tadashi , Ra Chisei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe process of sensitisation by specific contact allergens is indispensable for the induction of allergic contact dermatitis. Oxazolone is a well‐characterised contact allergen. Previous studies suggested that immune cells bearing the FcRγ subunit are essential for oxazolone‐induced contact hypersensitivity, but the biological functions of the FcRγ subunit in the process of sensitisation to oxazolone remain unknown. In this study, we show that FcRγ deficiency decreases ear‐swelling responses to oxazolone in mice. However, we found that oxazolone‐sensitised FcRγ−/− mice and oxazolone‐sensitised wild‐type (WT) mice have comparable numbers of CD11c+MHCIIhi dendritic cells (DCs) in their draining lymph nodes (LNs). In addition, oxazolone‐sensitised LN cells from both FcRγ−/− and WT mice showed considerable production of interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐17A upon oxazolone‐keyhole limpet haemocyanin loading. Consistent with these data, oxazolone‐sensitised FcRγ−/− and FcRγ+/+ LN cells conferred contact hypersensitivity to WT naïve mice challenged with the hapten. Our findings clearly indicate that, in an experimental mouse model, the FcRγ subunit positively regulates contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone without affecting the contact sensitisation process.
Adaptive striping watershed segmentation method for processing microscopic images of overlapping irregular‐shaped and multicentre particles
Authors: XIAO X. , BAI B. , XU N. , WU K. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryOversegmentation is a major drawback of the morphological watershed algorithm. Here, we study and reveal that the oversegmentation is not only because of the irregular shapes of the particle images, which people are familiar with, but also because of some particles, such as ellipses, with more than one centre. A new parameter, the striping level, is introduced and the criterion for striping parameter is built to help find the right markers prior to segmentation. An adaptive striping watershed algorithm is established by applying a procedure, called the marker searching algorithm, to find the markers, which can effectively suppress the oversegmentation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by analysing some typical particle images including the images of gold nanorod ensembles.
Preservation of Hypermobile Teeth by Establishing Posterior Occlusal Support Using Implant Prostheses: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Doh Re‐Mee , Park Wonse , Kim Kee‐Deog , Jung Bock‐Young 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor patients with periodontally compromised, hypermobile teeth, implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) or removable dentures are often used after extracting mobile teeth. The loss of native teeth may carry social consequences, depending upon the patient's age, state of health, and degree of social functioning. This report represents successful stabilization and preservation of questionable, hypermobile teeth that have been damaged by traumatic occlusion due to the loss of posterior support with a cross‐arch splinted FDP, as well as the implementation of posterior support using implant‐supported prostheses.
Intranasal and intravenous administration of octa-arginine modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles facilitates central nervous system delivery of loperamide
Authors: O'Donnell Aisling , Moollan Azeema , Baneham Samantha , Ozgul Melike , Pabari Ritesh M , Cox Dermot , Kirby Brian P , Ramtoola Zebunnissa 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The potential of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) surface modified with octa-arginine (R8) for central nervous system (CNS) delivery was investigated.

Methods
PLGA NPs containing coumarin-6 or loperamide were surface modified using R8 and characterised for size, zeta potential, drug loading and release. We examined the cellular uptake of NPs in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and CNS delivery of loperamide in a mouse model following intranasal (i.n.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration.

Key findings
NPs were 300–350 nm in diameter and of negative zeta potential which neutralised on R8 conjugation. Cellular uptake of R8-PLGA NPs was rapid compared with PLGA NPs and correlated with a high antinociceptive effect in mice by both the i.n. and i.v. routes. Little antinociceptive effect for PLGA NPs was observed reflecting their slow uptake in the in-vitro cell model.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the potential of R8-PLGA NPs as carriers of therapeutic agents to the CNS.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of quinocetone in crucian carp (Carassius auratus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following the same experimental conditions
Authors: Liu Y. , Ai X. , Wang F. , Yang H. , Xu N. , Yang Q. 
Published: December 2014

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of quinocetone (QCT) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were compared after oral administration of QCT (50 mg/kg body weight) at water temperature of 24 ± 1 °C. Similar QCT plasma concentration–time profiles were found in the three species of cyprinid fish at the same dosage regimen and water temperature, which were all fitted two‐compartment open pharmacokinetic model. However, different pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in crucian carp, common carp, and grass carp. The absorption rate constants (Ka) of QCT were 1.65, 1.40 and 1.74/h, respectively and absorption half‐lives (t1/2kα) were 0.42, 0.49, and 0.40/h, respectively. The distribution half‐life (t1/2α) was 2.83, 0.67, and 0.88 h, respectively, and elimination half‐lives (t1/2β) of QCT were 133.97, 63.55, and 40.76 h, respectively. The maximum concentrations (Cmax) of QCT in plasma were 0.315, 0.182, and 0.139 μg/mL and the time to peak concentrations (Tp) were 1.45, 0.96, and 1.08 h, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curves (AUC) were 12.35, 5.99, and 4.52 μg·h/mL, respectively. The distribution volumes (Vd/F) of QCT were calculated as 117.81, 128.71, and 220.10 L/kg, respectively. The tissue analysis showed that a similar regularity was obtained in the three species of cyprinids with a single dose of 50 mg/kg body weight after oral administration at the same water temperature. The tissue concentration of QCT in each fish was in order of liver>kidney>muscle, while the residues of QCT in the three species of cyprinid fish were in order of crucian carp>common carp>grass carp.
Comparison of methods to assess adherence to small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) and dispersible tablets among young Burkinabé children participating in a community‐based intervention trial
Authors: Abbeddou Souheila , Hess Sonja Y. , Yakes Jimenez Elizabeth , Somé Jérôme W. , Vosti Stephen A. , Guissou Rosemonde M. , Ouédraogo Jean‐Bosco , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAdherence to supplementation provided during an intervention trial can affect interpretation of study outcomes. We compared different approaches for estimating adherence to small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) and dispersible tablets in a randomised clinical trial in Burkina Faso. A total of 2435 children (9–18 months) were randomly assigned to receive daily 20 g SQ‐LNS with varying contents of zinc and a dispersible tablet containing 0 or 5 mg zinc. Adherence to SQ‐LNS and tablets was assessed for all children through weekly caregiver interviews, and disappearance rate was calculated based on empty and unused packages returned during home visits. Additional adherence data were collected in different randomly selected subgroups of children: 12‐h home observations were completed for children 11 and 16 months of age (n = 192) to assess consumption of SQ‐LNS and dispersible tablets, and plasma zinc concentration was measured at baseline and 18 months (n = 310). Apparent adherence to SQ‐LNS and dispersible tablets differed according to the assessment method used. Average daily caregiver‐reported adherence to both SQ‐LNS and dispersible tablets was 97 ± 6%. Disappearance rates showed similarly high average weekly adherence (98 ± 4%). In contrast, only 63% and 54% of children at 11 and 16 months, respectively, received SQ‐LNS during the 12‐h home observation periods, and fewer (32% and 27%) received a tablet. The lack of change in plasma zinc concentration after 9 months of supplementation suggests low adherence to the zinc tablet. Better methods are needed to assess adherence in community‐based supplementation trials.
The effect of age on the key parameters in the Chicago classification: a study using high‐resolution esophageal manometry in asymptomatic normal individuals
Authors: Jung K. W. , Jung H.‐Y. , Myung S.‐J. , Kim S.‐O. , Lee J. , Yoon I. J. , Seo S. Y. , Lee J. H. , Kim D. H. , Choi K. D. , Song H. J. , Lee G. H. , Murray J. A. , Romero Y. , Kim J.‐H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution manometry using the Chicago classification, which utilizes parameters including integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), distal contractile integral (DCI), and contractile front velocity (CFV), shows better diagnostic ability than previous conventional criteria. However, the current normal cut‐off values for the Chicago classification are based on individuals aged 19–48 years and do not include older people. Here, we aimed to assess the normal values for the Chicago classification in individuals aged 20–67 years and compare the parameters across age groups.MethodsFifty‐four asymptomatic healthy individuals (27 male and 27 female; age range. 20–67 years) were prospectively enrolled. To evaluate the effect of age and sex on manometric profiles, we attempted to enroll equal numbers of male and female subjects for each decade. Manometry was performed in both the supine and sitting positions.Key ResultsThe distal latency (DL) was significantly shorter with increasing age in both measurement positions. Furthermore, IRP was significantly higher with increasing age in both positions. Spearman's ranked correlation coefficient analysis indicated that DCI and IRP in both positions were positively correlated with age.Conclusions & InferencesAge affects the key parameters currently used in the Chicago classification, including IRP, DCI, and DL. Larger prospective studies with older subjects are needed to determine the age‐related normal values for the Chicago classification system.
Acclimation of metabolism to light in Arabidopsis thaliana: the glucose 6‐phosphate/phosphate translocator GPT2 directs metabolic acclimation
Authors: DYSON BETH C. , ALLWOOD J. WILLIAM , FEIL REGINA , XU YUN , MILLER MATTHEW , BOWSHER CAROLINE G. , GOODACRE ROYSTON , LUNN JOHN E. , JOHNSON GILES N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMature leaves of plants transferred from low to high light typically increase their photosynthetic capacity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this dynamic acclimation requires expression of GPT2, a glucose 6‐phosphate/phosphate translocator. Here, we examine the impact of GPT2 on leaf metabolism and photosynthesis. Plants of wild type and of a GPT2 knockout (gpt2.2) grown under low light achieved the same photosynthetic rate despite having different metabolic and transcriptomic strategies. Immediately upon transfer to high light, gpt2.2 plants showed a higher rate of photosynthesis than wild‐type plants (35%); however, over subsequent days, wild‐type plants acclimated photosynthetic capacity, increasing the photosynthesis rate by 100% after 7 d. Wild‐type plants accumulated more starch than gpt2.2 plants throughout acclimation. We suggest that GPT2 activity results in the net import of glucose 6‐phosphate from cytosol to chloroplast, increasing starch synthesis. There was clear acclimation of metabolism, with short‐term changes typically being reversed as plants acclimated. Distinct responses to light were observed in wild‐type and gpt2.2 leaves. Significantly higher levels of sugar phosphates were observed in gpt2.2. We suggest that GPT2 alters the distribution of metabolites between compartments and that this plays an essential role in allowing the cell to interpret environmental signals.
A 150 kDa plasma membrane complex of AtNRT2.5 and AtNAR2.1 is the major contributor to constitutive high‐affinity nitrate influx in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: KOTUR ZORICA , GLASS ANTHONY D. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn plants that have been deprived of nitrate for a significant length of time, a constitutive high‐affinity nitrate transport system (cHATS) is responsible for initial nitrate uptake. This absorbed nitrate leads to the induction of the major nitrate transporters and enzymes involved in nitrate assimilation. By use of 13NO3– influx measurements and Blue Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis we examined the role of AtNRT2.5 in cHATS in wild type (WT) and various T‐DNA mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that AtNRT2.5 is predominantly expressed in roots of nitrate‐deprived WT plants as a 150 kDa molecular complex with AtNAR2.1. This complex represents the major contributor to cHATS influx, which is reduced by 63% compared with WT in roots of Atnrt2.5 mutants. The remaining cHATS nitrate influx in these mutants is due to a residual contribution by the inducible high‐affinity transporter encoded by AtNRT2.1/AtNAR2.1. Estimates of the kinetic properties of the NRT2.5 transporter reveal that its low Km for nitrate makes this transporter ideally suited to detect and respond to trace quantities of nitrate in the root environment.
Alcohol withdrawal delirium manifested by manic symptoms in an elderly patient
Authors: Chan Hung‐Yu , Lee Kuan‐I 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlcohol withdrawal syndrome is a commonly seen problem in psychiatric practice. Alcohol withdrawal delirium is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Withdrawal symptoms usually include tremulousness, psychotic and perceptual symptoms, seizures, and consciousness disturbance. Herein, we report a case involving a 63‐year‐old man who had alcohol withdrawal delirium that was manifested mainly by manic symptoms.
Seeing the unseen: Charles Bonnet syndrome revisited
Authors: Nair Aditya Gopinathan , Nair Akshay Gopinathan , Shah Bharat R. , Gandhi Rashmin Anilkumar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCharles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a rare condition that encompasses three clinical features: complex visual hallucinations, ocular pathology causing visual deterioration, and preserved cognitive status. Common associated ocular pathologies include age‐related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts. Several theories have been proposed to try to explain the visual hallucinations. However, the pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and treatment is largely based on anecdotal data. The lack of awareness of CBS among medical professionals often leads to inappropriate diagnosis and medication. In a country like India, where awareness of mental health is not widespread, cultural myths and stigma prevent patients from seeking professional help. Here we describe two cases of CBS and revisit different ocular morbidities that have been reported to occur in conjunction with CBS. Psychiatrists and ophthalmologists alike must be sensitive to this clinical condition to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Aesthetic Labor for the Sociologies of Work, Gender, and Beauty
Authors: Mears Ashley 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAmid the growing literature on the costs and rewards of physical appearance for labor market outcomes, an economistic emphasis on looks as an investment strategy has gained prominence. The concept of aesthetic labor is a useful sociological intervention for understanding how the value of certain looks is constructed, and how looks matter for social stratification. Aesthetic labor is the practice of screening, managing, and controlling workers on the basis of their physical appearance. The concept advances research on the service economy by moving beyond a focus on emotions to emphasize worker corporeality. This article first untangles aesthetic labor from related concepts, including body work, emotional labor, and embodied cultural capital. Next is a review of three contexts in which scholars have applied aesthetic labor to the workplace: the organization, freelance labor, and the market. Because it situates the value of beauty in context, aesthetic labor foregrounds those power relations that define aesthetics, such as class, race, and gender. The concept incorporates insights from field theories of bodily capital, such that aesthetic labor denaturalizes beauty and seeks to explain the processes through which looks translate into economic and symbolic rewards.
Experimental Determination of the Mechanical Behaviour of Compacted Exfoliated Vermiculite
Authors: Belhouideg S. , Lagache M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of compacted exfoliated vermiculite samples were prepared, and their mechanical behaviour was experimentally studied. The vermiculite was first exfoliated and after compacted in order to obtain a material with good thermal and mechanical properties. The as‐prepared samples have been tested under compressive loading. Some parameters effect was studied, as the porosity and the type of the compacted exfoliated vermiculite. The samples of this porous media display two steps for the stress–strain behaviour under uniaxial compressive loading, that is initial nonlinear deformation, strain‐hardening ‘pseudo‐platform’ stage.