bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Detection and Prevalence of
Helicobacter heilmannii
-Like Organisms in the Human Gastric Mucosa by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Partial 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing
Authors: Trebesius K. , Adler K. , Vieth M. , Stolte M. , Haas R. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Gastric infection with
Helicobacter heilmannii
(previously known as
Gastrospirillum hominis
) is invariably linked with the presence of chronic gastritis and the risk of developing low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. In contrast to
Helicobacter pylori
, various
H. heilmannii
species colonize the stomachs of domestic animals, which might be a reservoir for transmission to humans (zoonosis). To identify the number and prevalence of different
H. heilmanni
types in humans, we analyzed 89 gastric biopsy samples histologically identified as
H. heilmannii
positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of these gastric specimens, 84 (94.4%) contained a single
H. heilmannii
type. In five samples, however, two different
H. heilmannii
types were detected. The most prevalent species in monoinfected samples is
H. heilmannii
type 1, found in 78.5% (66 of 84) of the specimens, followed by a novel
H. heilmannii
-like organism (HHLO), HHLO type 4, identified in 9.6% (8 of 84) of tissue sections.
H. heilmannii
type 2 and a further HHLO type not described before, type 3, were found in 8.3% (7 of 84) and 1.2% (1 of 84) of the monoinfected samples, respectively. Additionally, HHLO type 5 with a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence identical to that of
Helicobacter salomonis
was found with a prevalence of 2.4% (2 of 89). Thirteen of these biopsy samples were also investigated by a PCR approach developed for this study that allows a
Helicobacter
-specific amplification of a variable portion of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent sequencing. In total, five different types of HHLOs could be identified within these samples. We conclude that humans can be infected by at least five different HHLO types, which presumably have their origin in animal species like dogs, cats, and pigs.
Isolation of Dobrava Virus from
Apodemus flavicollis
in Greece
Authors: Papa Anna , Nemirov Kirill , Henttonen Heikki , Niemimaa Jukka , Antoniadis Antonis , Vaheri Antti , Plyusnin Alexander , Vapalahti Olli 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Dobrava virus (DOBV) carried by
Apodemus flavicollis
is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). DOBV was isolated from an
A. flavicollis
mouse trapped in northeastern Greece. This is the third DOBV cell culture isolate in the world, clustering together with other Greek DOBV sequences from HFRS patients and rodents.
Misidentification and Diagnostic Delay Caused by a False-Positive Amplified
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Direct Test in an Immunocompetent Patient with a
Mycobacterium celatum
Infection
Authors: Tjhie Jeroen H. T. , van Belle Arne F. , Dessens-Kroon Mirjam , van Soolingen Dick 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The Gen-Probe amplified
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
direct test can give discrepant results directly in respiratory or cultured samples from patients infected with
Mycobacterium celatum
, leading to inappropriate therapy for, in our case, an immunocompetent patient.
Correlations between Molecular Subtyping and Serotyping of
Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Nadon C. A. , Woodward D. L. , Young C. , Rodgers F. G. , Wiedmann M. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

To define relationships between
Listeria monocytogenes
genetic lineages, ribotypes, and serotypes, 235
L. monocytogenes
isolates were characterized by serotyping and automated
Eco
RI ribotyping. Genetic lineage predicted the following serovar clusters: lineage I, comprising serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 3c, and 4b; lineage II, comprising serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a; and lineage III, comprising serotypes 4a and 4c. Some
Eco
RI ribotypes contained multiple serotypes; a subset of these isolates was further differentiated with
Pvu
II ribotyping. Of the 12 resultant
Eco
RI-
Pvu
II combination types, only 4 contained multiple serotypes, demonstrating the potential of ribotyping for serotype prediction.
Rapid Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Method for Group B Streptococcus Isolates
Authors: Benson Jeffrey A. , Ferrieri Patricia 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
We developed a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method that required 3 days to complete, an improvement over the standard method that required as many as 8 days. The accuracy and reproducibility of the rapid method were verified by analysis of DNA band sizes of our control group B streptococcus isolate. The rapid method was superior to the standard method, providing more precise molecular sizing and gels of higher image quality. The reproducibility of rapid PFGE substantiated its value and continued use.
Detection of
Chlamydia trachomatis
by Isothermal Ramification Amplification Method: a Feasibility Study
Authors: Zhang Wandi , Cohenford Menashi , Lentrichia Brian , Isenberg Henry D. , Simson Elkin , Li Hengjin , Yi Jizu , Zhang David Y. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Chlamydia trachomatis
is the leading cause of sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Effective screening for this agent can facilitate prompt treatment and prevent its sequelae. The recent introduction of liquid-based cytology has made possible the simultaneous screening of cervical intraepithelial lesions and detection of
C. trachomatis
in a single collection vial. In this study we determined whether cytological fluid could support DNA-based amplification for the detection of
C. trachomatis
. Three methods were compared, including ramification amplification (RAM), real-time PCR with molecular beacon, and Abbott’s ligase chain reaction (LCx). RAM is a novel, recently introduced, isothermal DNA amplification technique that utilizes a circular probe for target detection and achieves exponential amplification through the mechanism of primer extension, strand displacement, and ramification. Our results show that RAM can detect as few as 10
C. trachomatis
elementary bodies in less than 2 h, comparable to results with real-time PCR. Thirty clinical specimens collected in PreservCyt solution were tested by LCx, real-time PCR, and RAM. Among 30 specimens, 15 were positive by PCR and LCx and 14 were positive by RAM. One specimen missed by RAM had an inadequate amount of residual cellular material. Our results show that nucleic acid amplification methods can serve to detect
C. trachomatis
and presumably other sexually transmitted agents in cytological fluid and that the RAM assay can be an alternative to PCR and LCx because of its simplicity and isothermal amplification.
Typing of
Pasteurella multocida
Isolated from Pigs with and without Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome
Authors: Lainson F. A. , Aitchison K. D. , Donachie W. , Thomson J. R. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is a sporadic, usually fatal disease of growing and finishing pigs that has been recognized in many pig-producing countries.
Pasteurella multocida
strains isolated from 15 pigs with PDNS and 51 pigs without PDNS were characterized by capsule and somatic antigen typing, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAP-D) typing, and restriction analysis of genomic DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). While capsular, somatic, and RAP-D typing did not discriminate PDNS isolates from non-PDNS isolates, all of the isolates from PDNS cases showed an identical
Apa
I PFGE restriction pattern. This pattern was also found in a high proportion (36%) of
P. multocida
strains isolated from non-PDNS cases. Isolation of a single variant of
P. multocida
from tissues of pigs with PDNS warrants further investigation into the possible role of these bacteria in the etiology of the disease.
Association of
Bacteroides forsythus
and a Novel
Bacteroides
Phylotype with Periodontitis
Authors: Leys Eugene J. , Lyons Sharon R. , Moeschberger Melvin L. , Rumpf Robert W. , Griffen Ann L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Chronic periodontitis is a common infectious disease in the adult population. The etiology is clearly bacterial, and a small number of bacterial species have been consistently associated with periodontitis, including
Bacteroides forsythus
and
Porphyromonas gingivalis
. Comparatively little attention has been paid to the identification of health-associated and potentially beneficial bacterial species that may reside in the gingival sulcus. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of the presence of
B. forsythus
and a newly identified
Bacteroides
phylotype, oral clone BU063, to periodontal health status. The study was accomplished with a set of samples that were collected from subjects with periodontitis and healthy controls. These samples had previously been analyzed for the presence of
P. gingivalis
. An oral sampling strategy that included every tooth and a PCR-based detection method were used to maximize detection sensitivity. The presence of
B. forsythus
in the oral cavity was strongly associated with periodontitis, and its nearest genetic neighbor, oral clone BU063, was associated with oral health (
P
< 0.0001 for both). Colonization with
P. gingivalis
was independent of the presence of either
Bacteroides
species, but the two
Bacteroides
species were found together less often than would be expected by chance (
P
< 0.0001). This suggests the presence of a specific exclusionary mechanism between the two
Bacteroides
species. Comparisons between these two organisms may prove useful for studies that determine how
B
.
forsythus
functions in the disease process. In addition, oral clone BU063 deserves further study as a possible preventive or therapeutic intervention for periodontitis.
Timing of Inoculation of the Pouch Makes No Difference in Increased Detection of
Trichomonas vaginalis
by the InPouch TV Method
Authors: Barenfanger Joan , Drake Cheryl , Hanson Chad 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The InPouch TV is a method which combines a wet preparation and a culture method to detect
Trichomonas vaginalis.
The top portion of the InPouch TV essentially functions as a slide to be examined under the microscope. If the initial examination is negative, the specimen is pushed down into the bottom pouch, which serves as a broth for cultivation. The issue of timing has not been specifically addressed for optimal processing. To assess the effect of timing on the inoculation of the bottom pouch, we conducted a study designed to determine which procedure had better sensitivity, that of delaying inoculation of the bottom pouch until the initial examination on the top pouch is performed (method A) or that of immediately inoculating the bottom pouch (method B). In addition, we compared the sensitivity of the InPouch TV to that of the traditional wet mount. Fifty of 498 specimens were positive. Methods A and B had identical results: 31 specimens were initially positive regardless of transit time, and incubation yielded another 19 positives. The wet preparation detected 36 positive specimens. The sensitivities of the methods were 100% for the InPouch TV (including examination on receipt and after incubation) and 72% for the traditional wet mount. In conclusion, the InPouch TV method is more sensitive than the traditional method and no detectable differences were observed with timing of the inoculation of the top or bottom pouch.
Use of Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Hypervariable Region 1 Sequences To Trace an Outbreak of HCV in an Autodialysis Unit
Authors: Halfon Philippe , Roubicek Christa , Gerolami Victoria , Quentin Yves , Khiri Hacene , Pepe Gérad , Berland Yvon 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to investigate an HCV outbreak that occurred in an autodialysis unit by using epidemiological and molecular methods. Seroconversion to HCV antibody (anti-HCV) was observed in two patients over an 18-month period; two other patients had previously been recorded as anti-HCV positive. All four patients involved in the outbreak were tested for HCV RNA, and hepatitis C genotype determination was accomplished by a reverse hybridization assay. Furthermore, part of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the hepatitis C genome was amplified and sequenced in samples from all HCV RNA-positive patients. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained was carried out in order to investigate any possible epidemiological linkages among patients. The nucleotide sequences of the HVR1 regions of both newly infected patients were found to be identical to sequences of samples from previously recorded anti-HCV-positive original patients, suggesting that they were infected by the same isolate. Molecular and epidemiological analysis suggested that nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission was the most likely explanation for the virus spread in the autodialysis unit under study.
Recovery of an Unusual Fusogenic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Strain from a Clinical Specimen
Authors: Johnson F. Brent 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
A highly unusual herpes simplex virus type 2 strain, strain Burr, was isolated from a female genital tract clinical specimen. This virus induced remarkably rapid and extensive syncytium formation in Vero cells involving hundreds of cells but was less fusion active in HEp-2 cells, MRC-5 cells, and mink lung cells. Virus-infected cells produced the glycoproteins gB, gC, gD and gE.
Performance Characteristics of VIDAS and Directigen Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Antigen Detection Assays and Culture for the Identification of RSV in Respiratory Specimens
Authors: Ribes Julie A. , Seabolt John Pat , Overman Sue B. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
In a comparison of the Directigen and VIDAS respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection assays with viral culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and testing efficiency were 86, 93.1, 82.7, 94.6, and 91.2% for Directigen; 96.1, 90.8, 80.3, 98.3, and 92.3% for VIDAS; and 88.2, 100, 100, 95.7, and 96.8% for viral culture, respectively.
Potential Application of Nonstructural Protein NS1 Serotype-Specific Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Seroepidemiologic Study of Dengue Virus Infection: Correlation of Results with Those of the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test
Authors: Shu Pei-Yun , Chen Li-Kuang , Chang Shu-Fen , Yueh Yi-Yun , Chow Ling , Chien Li-Jung , Chin Chuan , Yang Hui-Hua , Lin Ting-Hsiang , Huang Jyh-Hsiung 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAn NS1 serotype-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to differentiate primary and secondary dengue virus infections and serotypes of primary dengue virus infection. For this report, we carried out retrospective seroepidemiologic studies on serum samples collected from residents of Liuchiu Hsiang, Pingtung County, an isolated island in southern Taiwan during 1997-1998. The results demonstrated that good correlation existed between dengue virus NS1 serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA and dengue virus plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Our data suggested that NS1 serotype-specific IgG ELISA could replace PRNT for seroepidemiologic studies to differentiate Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus infections and for dengue virus serotyping.
Detection of West Nile Virus Antigen in Mosquitoes and Avian Tissues by a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Capture Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Hunt Ann R. , Hall Roy A. , Kerst Amy J. , Nasci Roger S. , Savage Harry M. , Panella Nicholas A. , Gottfried Kristy L. , Burkhalter Kristen L. , Roehrig John T. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

An antigen capture immunoassay to detect West Nile (WN) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. With this assay purified WN virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the WN virus titer was 10
2.1
to 10
3.7
PFU/0.1 ml. In a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (
n
= 100), this assay detected WN virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) TaqMan-positive pools, whereas traditional reverse transcriptase PCR detected 10 of 18 (55.5%) positive pools. A sample set of 73 organ homogenates from naturally infected American crows was also examined by WN virus antigen capture immunoassay and TaqMan for the presence of WN virus. The antigen capture assay detected antigen in 30 of 34 (88.2%) TaqMan-positive tissues. Based upon a TaqMan-generated standard curve of infectious WN virus, the limit of detection in the antigen capture assay for avian tissue homogenates was approximately 10
3
PFU/0.1 ml. The recommended WN virus antigen capture protocol, which includes a capture assay followed by a confirmatory inhibition assay used to retest presumptive positive samples, could distinguish between the closely related WN and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in virus-infected mosquito pools and avian tissues. Therefore, this immunoassay demonstrates adequate sensitivity and specificity for surveillance of WN virus activity in mosquito vectors and avian hosts, and, in addition, it is easy to perform and relatively inexpensive compared with the TaqMan assay.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Isolated in Bangladesh (1997 to 1999): Rapid Shift to Fluoroquinolone Resistance
Authors: Rahman Motiur , Sultan Zafar , Monira Shirajum , Alam Ashraful , Nessa Khairun , Islam Sonia , Nahar Shamsun , Shama-A-Waris  , Alam Khan Shahnewaz , Bogaerts Jozef , Islam Nazrul , Albert John 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is essential for early detection of emergence of drug resistance. A total of 343 gonococcal strains isolated from high-risk and general populations in Bangladesh from 1997 to 1999 were studied. The MICs of penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin for the isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Of the isolates from 1997, 9% were resistant (MIC ≥ 1.0 μg/ml) to ciprofloxacin, while 41 and 49% of the isolates from 1998 and 1999, respectively, were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Of the
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates from 1998 and 1999, 1.2 and 3.6%, respectively, both were penicillinase producing and displayed plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance.
Analysis of Urinary
Escherichia coli
Isolates for Ability To Produce Shiga Toxin
Authors: Johnson James R. , Jerome Catherine , Boster Daniel R. , Stapleton Ann E. , Tarr Phillip I. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The frequency of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) in the urinary tract, which can precipitate the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, is unknown. We tested 597 urinary
E. coli
isolates by Stx immunoassay and found no STEC. The routine screening of urinary
E. coli
for the ability to produce Stx is not warranted.
Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Primary Blood Culture Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by PCR, Slide Agglutination, Disk Diffusion, and a Commercial Method
Authors: Hussain Zafar , Stoakes Luba , John Michael A. , Garrow Shaunalee , Fitzgerald Viivi 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The methicillin resistance of 363 coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures was determined by a slide latex agglutination (LA) test for penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), the presence of the
mecA
gene by PCR, disk diffusion, and Vitek. LA was performed on primary cultures, and PBP 2a expression was induced by placing an oxacillin disk in the primary inoculum. Compared to the PCR results, LA was the most sensitive and specific in the detection of methicillin resistance. Without induction, LA failed to detect 50% of
mecA
-positive strains grown on two different media.
Comparison of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and PCR Analysis of Polymorphisms on the
mec
Hypervariable Region for Typing Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Senna J. P. M. , Pinto C. A. , Carvalho L. P. S. , Santos D. S. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Two hundred fifty-four methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strains typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were tested by PCR for the
mec
-associated hypervariable region (HVR-PCR) to determine their number of direct repeat units (DRUs). Eight different groups of repeats were found among the MRSA strains and compared to 28 pulsotypes classified by PFGE. Some MRSA strains belonging to the same pulsotype showed different numbers of DRUs. HVR-PCR was rapid, easy to perform, and reproducible and has the ability to obtain an unambiguous positive result for each isolate analyzed. However, this technique shows a discriminatory power inferior to that of PFGE. We conclude that PFGE is a more reliable method of typing MRSA than HVR-PCR.
Infection of Red Deer, Cattle, and Humans with
Mycobacterium bovis
subsp.
caprae
in Western Austria
Authors: Prodinger Wolfgang M. , Eigentler Angelika , Allerberger Franz , Schönbauer Michael , Glawischnig Walter 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Twelve cases of
Mycobacterium bovis
subsp.
caprae
infection have occurred in four humans, three cattle, and five red deer in western Austria since 1994. DNA-fingerprinting of the isolates suggested transmission in and between these species over several years. Contact with cattle, but not with goats, was found to be associated with three of four human cases.
Versatility of the Accessory C Proteins of Sendai Virus: Contribution to Virus Assembly as an Additional Role
Authors: Hasan Mohammad K. , Kato Atsushi , Muranaka Miki , Yamaguchi Ryoji , Sakai Yuko , Hatano Ikuyoshi , Tashiro Masato , Nagai Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

The P/C mRNA of
Sendai virus
(SeV) encodes a nested set of accessory proteins, C′, C, Y1, and Y2, referred to collectively as C proteins, using the +1 frame relative to the open reading frame of phospho (P) protein and initiation codons at different positions. The C proteins appear to be basically nonstructural proteins as they are found abundantly in infected cells but greatly underrepresented in the virions. We previously created a 4C(−) SeV, which expresses none of the four C proteins, and concluded that the C proteins are categorically nonessential gene products but greatly contribute to viral full replication and infectivity (A. Kurotani et al., Genes Cells 3:111–124, 1998). Here, we further characterized the 4C(−) virus multiplication in cultured cells. The viral protein and mRNA synthesis was enhanced with the mutant virus relative to the parental wild-type (WT) SeV. However, the viral yields were greatly reduced. In addition, the 4C(−) virions appeared to be highly anomalous in size, shape, and sedimentation profile in a sucrose gradient and exhibited the ratios of infectivity to hemagglutination units significantly lower than those of the WT. In the WT infected cells, C proteins appeared to colocalize almost perfectly with the matrix (M) proteins, pretty well with an external envelope glycoprotein (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [HN]), and very poorly with the internal P protein. In the absence of C proteins, there was a significant delay of the incorporation of M protein and both of the envelope proteins, HN and fusion (F) proteins, into progeny virions. These results strongly suggest that the accessory and basically nonstructural C proteins are critically required in the SeV assembly process. This role of C proteins was further found to be independent of their recently discovered function to counteract the antiviral action of interferon-α/β. SeV C proteins thus appear to be quite versatile.