bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
293 – The Costs Associated with Antidepressant Use in Depression and Anxiety in Community Living Older Adults
Authors: Vasiliadis H.-M. , Latimer E. , Dionne P.-A. , Préville M. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To determine the costs associated with antidepressant (AD) use and mental health status.Methods:Data were obtained from a population-based health survey of 2,004 older adults. Depression and anxiety were based on DSM-IV criteria and measured at two time points 1 year apart. AD use and health service use and costs were identified from provincial administrative databases. Patient costs included drug copayments, transportation and time spent seeking medical care. Costs associated with AD use were studied as a function of mental health status at baseline and follow-up interviews [i.e. persistence, incidence, remission, no illness]. Generalized linear models with a gamma distribution (log link) were used to control for potential confounders such as socio-economic and clinical factors and AD adherence rates.Results:The costs incurred by participants using AD (16.6%) reached $6861 (95% CI: $5586, $8426), significantly more than costs for those not using AD: $4662 ($3679, $5908). AD use was associated with increased total adjusted costs in respondents with no depression and anxiety and in respondents with incident anxiety. Increased costs were due to significantly higher hospitalisation and outpatient costs. The results also suggested a negative association between adherence to AD and the persistence of depression.Conclusion:The results did not show important cost savings or decreased health service use associated with AD use and this for all depression and anxiety groups. Future cost studies may consider the analyses of different AD classes with respect to the different clinical mental health profiles in older adults.
318 – The Study of Causes of the Psychological and Pharmacological Anorgasmia in Affected Women in Ardabil
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Kazemi R. , Pirzadeh M. , Salehi N. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Women's mental health is important factor for life of societies.Objectives:Many factors affect orgasmic function, age, education, job, folklore (taboos) religious beliefs, drugs, psychological disorders and gynecological surgery.Aims:Our main goal was the study of causes of the psychological and pharmacological of anorgasmia in affected women in Ardabil.Methods:The present study is a descriptive-cross sectional one. a total of 500 married women were selected and they completed the demographic and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnarie.orgasm was assessed according to the relevant questions in the FSFI questionnaire.122 women were anorgasmic and they completed the SCL-90 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS and the descriptive statistics (frequency-percent) and the deductive statistics (Correlation-t test). P value < 0.05 was assumed meaningful.Results:The prevalence of anorgasmia among women in Ardabil was 24.4% and the average age of th anorgasmic women was 31.1%. The relation between the obsession -compulsion disorder and the anorgasmia with P=0.000 was meaningful. The relation of depression with P=0.91 and using the SSRI drugs with P=0.28 and using the three cyclic anti-depression drugs with P=0.09 and using the ACE-I drugs with P=0.63 with the anorgasmia wasn’t meaningful.Conclusion:The prevalence of anorgasmia in Ardabil women is at its high level and psychological factors influence this disorder so the diagnosis of this disorder and control of effective factors will help reducing of family fade and its impacts on society.
319 – The Evaluation of Prevalence of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients in North West of Iran
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Kazemi R. , Hagh Kerdar M. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Finding the rate of depression is important.Objectives:Our object is the spread or depression in hemodialysis patients their age and sexual relations and examination of the cause of depression.Aim:Our aim is finding these relations between the internal and psychiatric diseases.Methods:In this study I randomly choose 100 hemodialysis patients from Ardabil province and give them the questionnaire N.I and questionnaire that was made by researcher for every patient. I analyzed the results by SPSS software.Results:From 100 patients 37 were female and 63 were male. In this research 42 patients (42%) were depressed that 17 were women 40.5% and 25 men 59.5% none of the experimented were depressed before dialysis. Most of the patients suffered from blood pressure 38.2% diabetes 34.2% and 11% had kidney graft experience .more than half were uneducated 54.1% the most of them were at the age of 65–70 marital status, education, losing their next of kin, having job problem because of dialysis and having problems their family relations, have meaningful relation with depression from experimental quantitative variances income has positive role on depression number of children and age have direct effect on depression the most indirect effect from income was on depression.Conclusion:Since most of the depression patients were jobless men it's better to produce jobs. Since most of the population were not educated it's better to prepare the depression questionnaire according to their perception every dialysis center in addition to a physician needs a psychologist for giving psychiatry services.
324 – Teaching Coping Skills Affects on Decreasing Mental Disorders Symptoms of Students
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologist's medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.Objectives:Due to the effectiveness of teaching coping skills in increasing mental health.Aim:This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.Methods:Due to the nature and aims of the study the study method was experimental research method the samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in to 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent T test.Results:The results showed that teaching coping skills affects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001). But the teaching coping skills do not affect on decreasingdepression and disorder of social functioning of students.Conclusion:The study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mentaldisorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.
325 – On the Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Mental Health of Students
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Sadeghi Movahhed F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologists, medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.Objectives:This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.Aims:Due to the nature and aims of the study, the study method was experimental research method.Methods:The samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) at Ardabil university of medical sciences and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end, the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent test.Results:The results showed that teaching coping skills effects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001) but the teaching coping skills do not effect on decreasing depression and disorder of social functioning of students.Conclusions:This study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mental disorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.
328 – Fuction of GRP78 in Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Han F. , Shi Y. 
Published: July 2013

The mechanism of PTSD is not fully understood until now. Previous studies showed PTSD induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Grp 78 plays important role in ERS.Objectives:To explore changes of Grp78 and Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIα in hippocampus of PTSD rats may reveal part of the pathogensis.Methods:The models of PTSD were created by SPS, which is an established animal model for PTSD. Wistar rats were selected for this study and randomly divided into a normal control group and SPS groups of 1d, 4d and 7d. The expression of GRP78 was examined by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-PCR. The intracellular free calcium level was examined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. CaM and CaMKIIα were examined by RT-PCR. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL and TEM.Results:The results showed the intracellular free calcium level reached the peak 1 day after SPS stimulation, then gradually decreased to normal level. The expression of CaM 1 day after SPS is the most and then decreased. CaMKIIα expression showed a significant down-regulation 1 day after SPS throughout and then gradually increased to normal level. Grp 78 reached the peak 4 day after SPS stimulation. TUNEL-positive cells significantly more than the normal control group and peaked at 7d after SPS stimuli, then gradually decreased to normal level. Furthermore, some cells had a characteristics change, including chromatin condensation, appearance of chromatin crescents, and nucleus fragmentation.Conclusions:The results suggest that Grp 78 and changes of Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIα in hippocampal might play an important role in the pathology of PTSD.
334 – Baseline BMI does not Predict Six Month Remission Rate for Depression Managed under Collaborative Care Management
Authors: Angstman K.B. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Obesity and depression are often comorbid conditions, with an apparent bi-directional relationship. Obesity at baseline has been shown to increase the risk of onset of depression and depression at baseline increased the odds for developing obesity. Less is understood about the impact of obesity on depression outcomes.Objectives/aims:Our hypothesis was that obesity (BMI >= 30) and morbid obesity (BMI >= 40) would have negative effects on depression remission rates after six months of enrollment into collaborative care management (CCM).Methods:This study was retrospective analysis of 1,111 depressed patients with a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater that were enrolled in CCM. Of these patients, 81.5% (1,587) had BMI data available and only 27.4% (435) were of a normal BMI (BMI>=15 and < 25.0), while 44.7% (710) were obese (BMI >= 30). Multivariate analysis for the odds ratio of achieving remission at six months demonstrated that the patient's BMI at baseline was not a risk factor for depression outcome at six months. The clinical factors of recurrent depression, PHQ-9 score and an abnormal MDQ score were found to be statistically significant with an inverse relationship to remission at six months, an observation that had been shown in prior studies.Conclusions:CCM for depression has been shown to be effective for improving depression outcomes. While obesity was common in our study population, it was reassuring, based on this study that six month depression treatment outcomes do not appear to be significantly impacted by the patient's baseline BMI.
345 – Methyl Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphism, Folic Acid, b12 in a Sample of Patients with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Eid H.F. , Abdel Mawla S.M. , Hussin H.A. , Ramzy A.A. , Abdou A.A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:There are several theories concerning potential associations between depression and levels of vitamin B12 and folate.Aim of the study:To investigate the relationship between depression and vitamin B12, folate, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C T polymorphism. To compare this associations, in anxiety and depression.Subjects and methods:90 subjects were randomly selected in a comparative cross sectional study. The sample consists of three groups: a group of depressive disorders without psychotic symptoms (n = 30), a group of anxiety disorders (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The patients were recruited from psychiatric out- patient clinic. Patients were diagnosed according to DSMIV criteria. Beck depression Inventory for severity of depression, Hamilton rating scale of depression, Hamilton rating scale of anxiety. Laboratory: Simultaneous assay of vitamin B12 and folic acid by Radio-immune assay technique and analysis of MTHFR (C677T) by means of PCR and RFLP.Results:Both anxiety and depression groups has the same percentage of gene mutation (33.3%). Folic acid and Vitamin B 12 mean values were highest in control group followed by the anxiety group then the least was in depression. Within the depression group there is a negative correlation between the severity of depression and folic acid. Within the depression group, patients with mutant gene have lower level of both Folic acid and Vitamin B12 than patients with non mutant gene.Conclusion:Folic acid and Vitamin B12 were lower than normal in both anxiety and depression patients and this was combined with gene mutation.
357 – Characteristics of Earliest and Most Recent Injection Drug Use in a Canadian Low-threshold Methadone Maintenance Treatment Sample
Authors: Kolajova M. , Fulton H.G. , Darredeau C. , Barrett S.P. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Despite evidence that the majority of injection drug users (IDU) are polysubstance users and tend to have extensive substance use histories at time of first injection, little is known about the patterns of substance use associated with injection initiation.Aims/objectives:To determine how injection drug use was associated with specific patterns of multiple substance use. Both concurrent (any use during a defined time period) and simultaneous (same session) polysubstance use patterns were assessed.Methods:IDU receiving treatment at a low-threshold methadone maintenance clinic in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada completed structured interviews regarding their substance use histories.Results:Injection coincided with: concurrent heavy alcohol use; increasing use of stimulants such as cocaine; and the introduction of misused prescription medications. During their most recent injection session, participants were significantly less likely to inject a stimulant, and were significantly more likely to identify an opioid as their primary drug of injection, when compared to injection initiation. Moreover, alcohol was more likely to be co-administered at time of first-ever injection, whereas prescription sedatives and crack cocaine were more likely to be co-administered during the most recent injection.Conclusions:Initiation into injection tended to occur after an extensive and relatively consistent sequence of substance use. First ever and most recent injection drug use often occurred within a polysubstance context; however, the specific patterns of substance use changed with time. Findings suggest that specific patterns of multiple substance use may be appropriate targets for treatment and prevention of injection drug use.
360 – Determination of the Effect of Cognitive-behavioral Therapeutic Group and the Study of Self-imagination Level in Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder of the Students
Authors: Shafiei Amiri M. , Daryabari S.M. 
Published: July 2013

Aim:The present research has a goal tostudy self-imaginationlevel and to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapeutic group in treatment of social anxiety disorder of the adolescents (teen-agers).Methods:This research is of sub-empirical plans (designs) which were performed as pre-testing, past-testing and threemonth (quarterly) pursuance.two experimental and control groups are used in it. Group CBT therapy (treatment) is independent variable which was performed during 12 sessions weekly and the scores of anxiety symptoms in the patients developed by social anxiety disorder were considered as dependent variable. Statistical population of this research includes 1135 11–14 year-old girl students in state schools of Babol city which among this series, 368 students were randomized, clustered, stagebased selected during second academic (educational) semester of 2011–2012 as the samplegroup by the mean of 12.8 yearold and standard deviation of 4.05. After sampling, by help of social phobia structured recognition (determinant) interview based on DSM-IV recognition criteria and using of Kanver et.al. Social anxiety questionnaire and cooper smith's self stem questionnaire, data collection was performed.Findings:The scores difference of two experimental and control groups in social anxiety is meaningful in two stages (steps) of pre-mediation (before manipulation) and after it based on Mann-Whitney Yu test.Conclusion:The scales of evitable behaviors and fear from negative evaluation of social anxiety test have shown that cognitive-behavioral therapeutic group has meaningfully reduced the level of evitable behaviors and fear from negative evaluator.
384 – The Use of Agomelatina in Drug Addicted Patients with Psychiatrics Disorders
Authors: Pieri M.C. , Comaschi A.C. 
Published: July 2013

Agomelatine is an innovative antidepressant with new mode of action: it's an agonist of melatoninergic receptors MT1 and MT2 and 5HT2c antagonist.The idea of this study was to assess the use of agomelatine in patients treated in our center for drug addiction in Bologna (SERT), and in particular:patients with heroin abuse treated with full/partial opioid agonists (methadone, buprenorphine, Buprenorphine/naloxone)patients treated for alcohol abusepatients who failed to antidepressants and treated with oppioid agonistpatients treated for benzodiazepines abuseObjective:Of the study is To evaluate the improvement of mood, anxiety and sleep disorders in patients treated with agomelatine and affected by drug addiction (heroin, alcohol and benzodiazepineThe efficacy of agomelatine was assessed by investigator at T0 and at monthly visit up to 6 months using HAM-A, HAM-D21, VAS for craving VAS for the quality of sleep.Weight, number of hours slept and quality of life were evaluatedBlood parameters were assessed at T0 and T6Heroin, cocaine and cannabinoid metabolites were evaluated.Conclusion:We evaluated the efficacy of agomelatine on top of conventional treatments for drug addiction in 3 different groups (heroine, alcohol and sedatives addiction). In all three groups we’ve observed the improvement over time in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. We’ve noticed an important reduction of craving. The quality of sleep and the time of sleeping have markedly improved. The quality of life was increased in all patients treated with agomelatine.
392 – Double-Blind Randomized Comparison of Efficacy and Side Effects of Bupropion Versus Methyl Phenidate for Children with ADHD
Authors: Moharreri F. , Soltanifar A. , Mokhber N. , Samadi R. , Soltanifar A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:ADHD is one of the most common neuro-psychiatric disorders in children Methyl Phenidate is the most frequent medication prescribed for this disorder. Bupropion is suggested as an alternative medication for treatment.Objectives:This research aims to compare the efficacy and safety of Bupropion and Methyl Phenidate(Ritaline) in children with ADHD.Method:This research was a double blind clinical trial and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesForty children with ADHD, aged 6 to 12, from consecutive referrals to child psychiatric clinic of Ebn-e-Sina hospital were selected and randomly divided into two categories,treatment with Methyl Phenidate and Bupropion. Evaluations were carried out based on ADHD Rating Scale (by teacher and parent) and Clinical Global Scale (by clinician) at the beginning of the study, 4 and 8 weeks through the study. Adverse effects were checked at 4 and 8 weeks time as well. Data were analyzed by SPSS11.5.Results:Methyl-phenidate and Bupropion were both significantly effective in reduction of ADHD symptoms of children based on parents and teachers ratings in 8 weeks treatment (P< 0.001). The therapeutic response, in parents’ views, was better in Methyl -phenidate group than Bupropion (p=0.014).Conclusion:Results showed that Bupropion was an effective in ADHD treatment but its effect based on the parent's report was less than Methyl-phenidate.
396 – Family Functioning in the Families of Psychiatric Patients: Comparison of Psychotic and Non Psychotic Families
Authors: Forozandeh N. , Parvin N. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Family functioning is one of the most important factors in psychiatric treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the family functioning between patients with psychotic and non psychotic disorders in Shahrekord, Iran.Method and materials:This analytical discriptive study was performed on family members of 200 patients with schizophrenia(psychotic), mood and anxiety disorders(nonpsychotic). The data was collected through interview by using the family assessment device (FAD). Quantative analysis of data was undertaken by using T students.Findings:The mean of the total score of FAD in family members of psychotic and nonpsychotic patients was 2.55 ± .31 and 2.34 ± .25 respectively, and FAD in non psychotic patients was significantly better than psychotic patients in all dimensions of FAD.Discussion:The present study highlights that the family functioning among caregivers of patients with Psychotic and non psychotic disorders were unhealthy in all of the domains of the family functioning.