bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latino Racial Reporting in the US: To Be or Not To Be
Authors: Rodríguez Clara E. , Miyawaki Michael H. , Argeros Grigoris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis review focuses on how Latinos report their race. This is an area that has recently experienced a major surge of interest in both government and academic circles. This review of the literature examines how and why Latinos report their race on the census, in surveys and in more qualitative studies. It reviews the vibrant and growing scholarly literature relevant to the questions of the placement – by self or others – of Latinos along the US color line, what determines it and how the Census has coped and is coping with it. We begin with a brief review of the history of Latino classification in the census and then discuss the factors influencing racial reporting. These include national origin and skin color, acculturation and generational status, socioeconomic status, perceived discrimination and identification with others who have experienced actual discrimination, location, and question format. We end with a discussion of the implications of the recent 2010 Alternative Questionnaire Experiment conducted by the census, and conclude with suggestions for future research.
Re‐orientation of the extension direction and pure extensional faulting at oblique rift margins: comparison between the Main Ethiopian Rift and laboratory experiments
Authors: Corti Giacomo , Philippon Melody , Sani Federico , Keir Derek , Kidane Tesfaye 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, we draw on a unique combination of well‐resolved fault‐slip data and earthquake focal mechanisms to constrain spatial variations in style of faulting in the obliquely extending Main Ethiopian Rift, East Africa. These data show that both boundary and internal faults – oblique and orthogonal to the plate divergence (PD) respectively – exhibit almost pure dip‐slip motion, and indicate significant local deflection in orientation of the extension direction at rift margins. Scaled analogue models closely replicate the multidisciplinary observations from the rift and suggest that the process is controlled by the presence of a deep‐seated, pre‐existing weakness – oblique to the direction of PD – that is able to cause a local rotation in the orientation of the extension direction at rift margins. Minor counterclockwise block rotations are required to accommodate the difference in slip direction along the different fault systems, as supported by existing and new palaeomagnetic data from the rift.
Accessibility Futures
Authors: Anderson Paul , Levinson David , Parthasarathi Pavithra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study uses accessibility as a performance measure to evaluate a matrix of future land use and network scenarios for planning purposes. The concept of accessibility dates to the 1950s, but this type of application to transportation planning is new. Previous research has established the coevolution of transportation and land use, demonstrated the dependence of accessibility on both, and made the case for the use of accessibility measures as a planning tool. This study builds off of these findings by demonstrating the use of accessibility‐based performance measures in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. This choice of performance measure also allows for transit and highway networks to be compared side‐by‐side. For roadway modeling, zone‐to‐zone travel time matrix was computed using stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with travel time feedback to trip distribution. A database of schedules was used on the transit networks to assign transit routes. This travel time data was joined with the land use data from each scenario to obtain the employment, population, and labor accessibility from each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) within specified time ranges. Tables of person‐weighted accessibility were computed for 20 minutes with zone population as the weight for employment accessibility and zone employment as the weight for population and labor accessibility. Maps of accessibility by zone were produced to show the spatial distribution of accessibility across the region. The results show that a scenario where population and employment growth are concentrated in the center of the metropolitan area would produce the highest accessibility no matter which transportation network changes are made. However, another scenario which concentrates population growth in the center of the metropolitan area and shifts employment growth to the periphery consistently outperforms the scenario representing the projected 2030 land use without any growth management strategy.
Piloting the use of 2D barcode and patient safety‐software in an Australian tertiary hospital setting
Authors: Miller K. , Akers C. , Magrin G. , Whitehead S. , Davis A. K. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesErrors in administration of blood products can lead to poor patient outcomes including fatal ABO incompatible transfusions. This pilot study sought to establish whether the use of two‐dimensional (2D) barcode technology combined with patient identification software designed to assist in blood administration improves the bedside administration of transfusions in an Australian tertiary hospital.Study Design and MethodsThe study was conducted in a Haematology/Oncology Day Clinic of a major metropolitan hospital, to evaluate the use of 2D barcode technology and patient safety‐software and hand‐held PDAs to assist nursing staff in patient identification and blood administration. Comparative audits were conducted before and after the technology's implementation.ResultsThe preimplementation transfusion practice audits demonstrated a poor understanding of the blood checking process, with focus on the product rather than patient identification. Following the implementation of 2D barcode technology and patient safety‐software, there was significant improvement in administration practice. Positive, verbal patient identification improved from 57% (51/90) to 94% (75/80). Similarly, the cross‐referencing of the patient's identification with the patient's wristband improved from 36% (32/90) to 94% (75/80), and the cross‐referencing of patient ID on the compatibility tag to wristbands improved from 48% (43/90) to 99% (79/80). Importantly, the 2D barcode technology and patient safety‐software saw 100% (80/80) of checks being conducted at the patient bedside, compared with 76% (68/90) in the preimplementation audits.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates that 2D barcode technology and patient safety‐software significantly improves the bedside check of patient and blood product identification in an Australian setting.
Alga-Produced Cholera Toxin-Pfs25 Fusion Proteins as Oral Vaccines
Authors: Gregory James A. , Topol Aaron B. , Doerner David Z. , Mayfield Stephen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Infectious diseases disproportionately affect indigent regions and are the greatest cause of childhood mortality in developing countries. Practical, low-cost vaccines for use in these countries are paramount to reducing disease burdens and concomitant poverty. Algae are a promising low-cost system for producing vaccines that can be orally delivered, thereby avoiding expensive purification and injectable delivery. We engineered the chloroplast of the eukaryotic alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
to produce a chimeric protein consisting of the 25-kDa
Plasmodium falciparum
surface protein (Pfs25) fused to the β subunit of the cholera toxin (CtxB) to investigate an alga-based whole-cell oral vaccine. Pfs25 is a promising malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate that has been difficult to produce in traditional recombinant systems due to its structurally complex tandem repeats of epidermal growth factor-like domains. The noncatalytic CtxB domain of the cholera holotoxin assembles into a pentameric structure and acts as a mucosal adjuvant by binding GM1 ganglioside receptors on gut epithelial cells. We demonstrate that CtxB-Pfs25 accumulates as a soluble, properly folded and functional protein within algal chloroplasts, and it is stable in freeze-dried alga cells at ambient temperatures. In mice, oral vaccination using freeze-dried algae that produce CtxB-Pfs25 elicited CtxB-specific serum IgG antibodies and both CtxB- and Pfs25-specific secretory IgA antibodies. These data suggest that algae are a promising system for production and oral delivery of vaccine antigens, but as an orally delivered adjuvant, CtxB is best suited for eliciting secretory IgA antibodies for vaccine antigens against pathogens that invade mucosal surfaces using this strategy.
Genetic Variants in Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR9, and FCγ Receptor II Are Associated with Antibody Response to Quadrivalent Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in HIV-Infected Youth
Authors: Spector Stephen A. , Qin Min , Lujan-Zilbermann Jorge , Singh Kumud K. , Warshaw Meredith G. , Williams Paige L. , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Fenton Terence , Siberry George K. ,   for the IMPAACT P1065 Protocol Team
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

This study examined the association of host genetic variants with the antibody response to the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) in HIV-infected youth. Genetic variants associated with severity of meningococcal disease, including the IgG Fc receptor (FCγRII)-A484T, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-A1082G, -C819T, and -C627A, IL-4-C589T, mannose binding lectin-2 (MBL2)-A/O, -H/L, -P/Q, and -X/Y, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-G2408A, TLR4-A12874G and -C13174T, and TLR9-T1237C and -T1486C were determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for 271 HIV-infected subjects (median, 17 years). Response was defined as a ≥4-fold increase from entry in bactericidal antibody titers to each serogroup. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to evaluate the association of allelic variants with the immunologic response to all serogroups within each subject with and without adjusting for CD4 percentage and HIV viral load. At week 4, but not after, subjects with TLR2-2408-G/A versus -G/G genotypes and the TLR4-12874-A/A genotype were more likely to achieve a ≥4-fold increase overall in the four serogroups (unadjusted
P
of 0.006 and adjusted
P
of 0.008 and unadjusted
P
of 0.008 and adjusted
P
of 0.019, respectively). At week 28, the TLR9-1237 T allele was associated with enhanced antibody response (T allele versus C/C, unadjusted
P
of 0.014 and adjusted
P
of 0.009), which was maintained at week 72 (unadjusted and adjusted
P
of 0.008). At week 72, the FcγRII-131Arg allotype was associated with a ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer versus those with His/His (unadjusted
P
of 0.009; adjusted
P
of <0.001). These findings suggest that for HIV-infected youth, the initial antibody response to MCV4 is associated with variants in TLR2 and TLR4 while the long-term response is associated with genetic polymorphisms in TLR9 and FcγRIIa.
Draft Genome Sequence of Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Producing Pseudomonas putida Strain LS46
Authors: Sharma Parveen K. , Fu Jilagamazhi , Zhang Xiangli , Fristensky Brian W. , Davenport Karen , Chain Patrick S. G. , Sparling Richard , Levin David B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

We describe the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas putida
strain LS46, a novel isolate that synthesizes medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates. The draft genome of
P. putida
LS46 consists of approximately 5.86 million bp, with a G+C content of 61.69%. A total of 5,316 annotated genes and 5,219 coding sequences (CDS) were identified.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Bulgarian Bacillus anthracis Strains
Authors: Birdsell Dawn N. , Antwerpen Markus , Keim Paul , Hanczaruk Matthias , Foster Jeffrey T. , Sahl Jason W. , Wagner David M. , Grass Gregor 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
strains previously isolated from Bulgaria form a unique subcluster within the A1.a cluster that is typical for isolates from southeastern Europe. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two Bulgarian
B. anthracis
strains belonging to the A branch (A.Br.)008/009 canonical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) group of the major A branch.
Two Cases of Kerstersia gyiorum Isolated from Sites of Chronic Infection
Authors: Pence Morgan A. , Sharon Jeffrey , McElvania Tekippe Erin , Pakalniskis Brittany L. , Ford Bradley A. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Kerstersia gyiorum
is infrequently associated with human infection. We report the isolation of
Kerstersia gyiorum
from two patients: the first, a patient with chronic ear infections, and the second, a patient with a chronic leg wound. Both isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, which has not been previously reported.
Mucosal Immunization of Lactating Female Rhesus Monkeys with a Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 Envelope Induces Strong Env-Specific IgA Antibody Responses in Breast Milk
Authors: Fouda Genevieve G. A. , Amos Joshua D. , Wilks Andrew B. , Pollara Justin , Ray Caroline A. , Chand Anjali , Kunz Erika L. , Liebl Brooke E. , Whitaker Kaylan , Carville Angela , Smith Shannon , Colvin Lisa , Pickup David J. , Staats Herman F. , Overman Glenn , Eutsey-Lloyd Krissey , Parks Robert , Chen Haiyan , LaBranche Celia , Barnett Susan , Tomaras Georgia D. , Ferrari Guido , Montefiori David C. , Liao Hua-Xin , Letvin Norman L. , Haynes Barton F. , Permar Sallie R. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe previously demonstrated that vaccination of lactating rhesus monkeys with a DNA prime/vector boost strategy induces strong T-cell responses but limited envelope (Env)-specific humoral responses in breast milk. To improve vaccine-elicited antibody responses in milk, hormone-induced lactating rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with a transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV Env immunogen in a prime-boost strategy modeled after the moderately protective RV144 HIV vaccine. Lactating rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly primed with either recombinant DNA (n= 4) or modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) poxvirus vector (n= 4) expressing the T/F HIV Env C.1086 and then boosted twice intramuscularly with C.1086 gp120 and the adjuvant MF59. The vaccines induced Env-binding IgG and IgA as well as neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in plasma and milk of most vaccinated animals. Importantly, plasma neutralization titers against clade C HIV variants MW965 (P= 0.03) and CAP45 (P= 0.04) were significantly higher in MVA-primed than in DNA-primed animals. The superior systemic prime-boost regimen was then compared to a mucosal-boost regimen, in which animals were boosted twice intranasally with C.1086 gp120 and the TLR 7/8 agonist R848 following the same systemic prime. While the systemic and mucosal vaccine regimens elicited comparable levels of Env-binding IgG antibodies, mucosal immunization induced significantly stronger Env-binding IgA responses in milk (P= 0.03). However, the mucosal regimen was not as potent at inducing functional IgG responses. This study shows that systemic MVA prime followed by either intranasal or systemic protein boosts can elicit strong humoral responses in breast milk and may be a useful strategy to interrupt postnatal HIV-1 transmission.
Potential of Herpesvirus Saimiri-Based Vectors To Reprogram a Somatic Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumor Cell Line
Authors: Brown Hannah F. , Unger Christian , Whitehouse Adrian 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) infects a range of human cell types with high efficiency. Upon infection, the viral genome can persist as high-copy-number, circular, nonintegrated episomes that segregate to progeny cells upon division. This allows HVS-based vectors to stably transduce a dividing cell population and provide sustained transgene expression
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Moreover, the HVS episome is able to persist and provide prolonged transgene expression during
in vitro
differentiation of mouse and human hemopoietic progenitor cells. Together, these properties are advantageous for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, whereby stem cell-like cells are generated from adult somatic cells by exogenous expression of specific reprogramming factors. Here we assess the potential of HVS-based vectors for the generation of induced pluripotent cancer stem-like cells (iPCs). We demonstrate that HVS-based exogenous delivery of Oct4, Nanog, and Lin28 can reprogram the Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cell line A673 to produce stem cell-like colonies that can grow under feeder-free stem cell culture conditions. Further analysis of the HVS-derived putative iPCs showed some degree of reprogramming into a stem cell-like state. Specifically, the putative iPCs had a number of embryonic stem cell characteristics, staining positive for alkaline phosphatase and SSEA4, in addition to expressing elevated levels of pluripotent marker genes involved in proliferation and self-renewal. However, differentiation trials suggest that although the HVS-derived putative iPCs are capable of differentiation toward the ectodermal lineage, they do not exhibit pluripotency. Therefore, they are hereby termed induced multipotent cancer cells.
Non-trionychid turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Brinkman Donald B. 
Published: April 2013

Turtle fossils of Paleocene age have been recovered from four formations in Alberta, Canada: the upper (Paleocene) part of the Scollard Formation, the upper (Paleocene) portion of the Willow Creek Formation, and the exclusively Paleocene Porcupine Hills and Paskapoo formations. At least three non-trionychid turtle taxa can be recognized. Definitely present are a generically indeterminate baenid, the macrobaenid Judithemys backmani, and the chelydrid Protochelydra zangerli. The carapace of a juvenile chelydrid could be either a juvenile of P. zangerli or a fourth, distinct taxon. The macrobaenid J. backmani and the chelydrid P. zangerli are the most abundant non-trionychid turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta. The turtles from the Paleocene of Alberta differ from those of comparable age in New Mexico, USA, and other more southern localities in the North American Western Interior in (i) the presence of macrobaenids and chelydrids and (ii) the absence of kinosternoids. These differences mirror those of the Late Cretaceous, suggesting that biogeographic patterns of non-trionychid turtle distributions that were established during the Late Cretaceous in the Western Interior continued well into the Paleocene.
Sox2 Requirement in Sonic Hedgehog-Associated Medulloblastoma
Authors: Ahlfeld Julia , Favaro Rebecca , Pagella Pierfrancesco , Kretzschmar Hans A. , Nicolis Silvia , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 has been shown to play essential roles during embryonic development as well as in cancer. To more precisely understand tumor biology and to identify potential therapeutical targets, we thoroughly investigated the expression and function of Sox2 in medulloblastoma, a malignant embryonic brain tumor that initiates in the posterior fossa and eventually spreads throughout the entire cerebrospinal axis. We examined a large series of tumor samples (n = 188) to show that SOX2 is specifically expressed in Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-associated medulloblastoma with an interesting preponderance in adolescent and adult cases. We further show that cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP), which are believed to serve as the cell of origin for this medulloblastoma subgroup, express Sox2 in early stages. Also, Shh-associated medulloblastoma can be initiated from such Sox2-positive CGNPs in mice. Independent of their endogenous Sox2 expression, constitutive activation of Shh signaling in CGNPs resulted in significantly enhanced proliferation and ectopic expression of Sox2 in vitro and Sox2-positive medulloblastoma in vivo. Genetic ablation of Sox2 from murine medulloblastoma did not affect survival, most likely due to a compensatory overexpression of Sox3. However, acute deletion of Sox2 from primary cultures of CGNPs with constitutive Shh signaling significantly decreased proliferation, whereas overexpression of Sox2 enhanced proliferation of murine medulloblastoma cells. We conclude that Sox2 is a marker for Shh-dependent medulloblastomas where it is required and sufficient to drive tumor cell proliferation. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3796–807. ©2013 AACR.
Effects of Early Chemotherapeutic Treatment on Learning in Adolescent Mice: Implications for Cognitive Impairment and Remediation in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bisen-Hersh Emily B. , Hineline Philip N. , Walker Ellen A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Among children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and given chemotherapy-only treatment, 40% to 70% of survivors experience neurocognitive impairment. The present study used a preclinical mouse model to investigate the effects of early exposure to common ALL chemotherapeutics methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine (Ara-C) on learning and memory.
Experimental Design: Preweanling mouse pups were treated on postnatal day (PND) 14, 15, and 16 with saline, MTX, Ara-C, or a combination of MTX and Ara-C. Nineteen days after treatment (PND 35), behavioral tasks measuring different aspects of learning and memory were administered.
Results: Significant impairment in acquisition and retention over both short (1 hour) and long (24 hours) intervals, as measured by autoshaping and novel object recognition tasks, was found following treatment with MTX and Ara-C. Similarly, a novel conditional discrimination task revealed impairment in acquisition for chemotherapy-treated mice. No significant group differences were found following the extensive training component of this task, with impairment following the rapid training component occurring only for the highest MTX and Ara-C combination group.
Conclusions: Findings are consistent with those from clinical studies suggesting that childhood cancer survivors are slower at learning new information and primarily exhibit deficits in memory years after successful completion of chemotherapy. The occurrence of mild deficits on a novel conditional discrimination task suggests that chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment may be ameliorated through extensive training or practice. Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 3008–18. ©2013 AACR.
RASSF1A-Mediated Regulation of AREG via the Hippo Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Ei Yong , Kim Ji Su , Kim Gi Jeong , Park Young Nyun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor that is methylated in many human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RASSF1A has been shown to suppress tumors via activation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, including mammalian STE20-like kinase (MST). Amphiregulin (AREG), a target gene for Yes-associated protein (YAP), is a known oncogenic component of the Hippo pathway; however, the tumor-suppressive effect of RASSF1A on AREG in regard to regulation of the Hippo pathway remains unclear in HCC. Overexpression of RASSF1A in HCC cells, which lack functional RASSF1A, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating the Hippo pathway. Consequently, overexpression of RASSF1A inhibited the oncogenic functions of YAP, leading to a significant reduction in AREG secretion via regulation of the Hippo pathway. In human specimens, greater expression of RASSF1A was observed in chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis than in HCC, whereas expression of YAP and AREG was higher in 81% and 86% of HCC than in corresponding chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis, respectively. Furthermore, RASSF1A protein gradually decreased as multistep hepatocarcinogenesis progressed from chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis dysplastic nodules toward HCC, whereas the protein expression of YAP and AREG gradually increased. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of YAP and AREG by RASSF1A in human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 11(7); 748–58. ©2013 AACR.