bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro‐Chemo‐Mechanically Stable and Sodiophilic Interface for Na Metal Anode in Liquid‐based and Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Jin Enzhong , Su Jinrong , Hou Hongyu , Pirayesh Parham , Wang Yijia , Yuan Yi , Yan Hanghang , Popov Guerman , Goncharova Lyudmila V. , Ketabi Sanaz , Dai Fang , Cao Changhong , Chen Lei , Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNa metal batteries (NMBs) are attracting increasing attention because of their high energy density. However, the widespread application of NMBs is hindered by the growth of Na dendrites and interface instability. The design of artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with tuned chemical/electrochemical/mechanical properties is the key to achieving high‐performance NMBs. This work develops a metal‐doped nanoscale polymeric film with tunable composition, sodiophilic sites and improved stiffness. The incorporation of metal crosslinkers in the polymer chains results in exceptional electrochemical stability for Na metal anodes, leading to a significantly prolonged lifespan even at high current densities, which is at the top of the reported literature. The mechanical properties measurements and electro‐chemo‐mechanical phase‐field model are performed to interpret the impact of the ionic transportation capability (decoupled mechanical) and mechanic property in the metal‐doped polymer interface. In addition, this approach provides a promising strategy for the rational design of electrode interfaces, providing enhanced mechanical stability and improved sodiophilicity, which can open up opportunities for the fabrication of next‐generation energy storage.
Multiple Fano Resonances Enabled by the Interference between an Out‐of‐Plane Plasmon Mode and Fabry–Pérot Cavity Modes
Authors: Fu Runfang , Huang He , Chen Yilin , Zheng Jiapeng , Shao Lei , Wang Jianfang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiple Fano resonances (mFRs) are arising as a promising optical platform to achieve precise sensing and detection. However, experimentally achieving mFRs by simple structures has remained challenging, which impedes the widespread applications of mFRs. Herein a simple structure composed of a single colloidal metal nanoparticle and a transition metal dichalcogenide flake to simultaneously achieve up to 8 FRs in experiments is demonstrated. Combining theoretical and experimental techniques, that an out‐of‐plane plasmon mode of the metal nanoparticle interferes with the Fabry–Pérot cavity modes from the WS2 flake to form mFRs in the visible region is proved. The simplicity and generality of the method further allow us to systematically study the tunability of the mFRs, in terms of the peak/dip positions and the number of FRs, by changing the structural parameters, which include the thickness of the WS2 flake, size and shape of the plasmonic nanoparticle. In addition, the quality of the mFRs is proved to be adjustable by tuning the reflectivity of the substrate in the system. The highest quality factor and spectral contrast of the achieved resonances are up to ≈180 and ≈0.95, respectively. The simple structure and high‐quality optical modes will prosper applications in precise sensing and light modulation.
Ligand‐Free Pd‐Catalyzed Synthesis of PAHs via Vinyl C−H Activation/Decarboxylative Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Sun Jie , Yao Long , Sun Fei , Wu Mingxia , Shang Yanfang , Wu Xin‐Xing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe a strategy for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from readily available 2‐iodostyrenes and o‐halobenzoic acids through a ligand‐free palladium‐catalyzed cascade vinyl C−H activation/decarboxylative cyclization. A vinyl‐coordinated five‐membered palladacycle was proposed as the key intermediate for this sequential process. Furthermore, Heptagon‐embedded aromatic compounds can be smoothly synthesized by employing 8‐bromo‐1‐naphthoic acid as decarboxylative insertion unit.
Latest Progress on Tuberculosis and HIV Co‐Infection: A Closer Look at People of Different Ages
Authors: Yusuf Aliyu Anna , Adeleke Oluwatoyin A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection continues to be a very serious health concern globally. Even though TB is treatable, it remains among the leading cause of death especially among HIV‐infected individuals. Although the emergence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has positively impacted the treatment of HIV, it is a major risk factor for developing active TB disease. The treatment of HIV and TB coinfection is associated with many challenges, one of which is the requirement of treatment with multiple medications for an extended period which is faced by all infected individuals across every age group, however, some of the challenges are peculiar to a specific age range. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of HIV and TB co‐infection among persons within different age brackets and the characteristics of both diseases, their current treatment guidelines, the challenges they pose, and their impact on global health are examined and reported herein.
A Flexible Skin Bionic Thermally Comfortable Wearable for Machine Learning‐Facilitated Ultrasensitive Sensing
Authors: Di Pengju , Yuan Yue , Xiao Mingyue , Xu Zhishan , Liu Yicong , Huang Chenlin , Xu Guangyuan , Zhang Liqun , Wan Pengbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTremendous popularity is observed for multifunctional flexible electronics with appealing applications in intelligent electronic skins, human–machine interfaces, and healthcare sensing. However, the reported sensing electronics, mostly can hardly provide ultrasensitive sensing sensitivity, wider sensing range, and robust cycling stability simultaneously, and are limited of efficient heat conduction out from the contacted skin interface after wearing flexible electronics on human skin to satisfy thermal comfort of human skin. Inspired from the ultrasensitive tactile perception microstructure (epidermis/spinosum/signal transmission) of human skin, a flexible comfortably wearable ultrasensitive electronics is hereby prepared from thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets‐incorporated polyurethane elastomer matrix with MXene nanosheets‐coated surface microdomes as epidermis/spinosum layers assembled with interdigitated electrode as sensing signal transmission layer. It demonstrates appealing sensing performance with ultrasensitive sensitivity (≈288.95 kPa−1), up to 300 kPa sensing range, and up to 20 000 sensing cycles from obvious contact area variation between microdome microstructures and the contact electrode under external compression. Furthermore, the bioinspired electronics present advanced thermal management by timely efficient thermal dissipation out from the contacted skin surface to meet human skin thermal comfort with the incorporated thermal conductive boron nitride nanosheets. Thus, it is vitally promising in wearable artificial electronic skins, intelligent human‐interactive sensing, and personal health management.
In‐Doped ZnO Electron Transport Layer for High‐Efficiency Ultrathin Flexible Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xiujun , Ji Yitong , Xia Zezhou , Zhang Dongyang , Cheng Yingying , Liu Xiangda , Ren Xiaojie , Liu Xiaotong , Huang Haoran , Zhu Yanqing , Yang Xueyuan , Liao Xiaobin , Ren Long , Tan Wenliang , Jiang Zhi , Lu Jianfeng , McNeill Christopher , Huang Wenchao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSol–gel processed zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used electron transport layers (ETLs) in inverted organic solar cells (OSCs). The high annealing temperature (≈200 °C) required for sintering to ensure a high electron mobility however results in severe damage to flexible substrates. Thus, flexible organic solar cells based on sol–gel processed ZnO exhibit significantly lower efficiency than rigid devices. In this paper, an indium‐doping approach is developed to improve the optoelectronic properties of ZnO layers and reduce the required annealing temperature. Inverted OSCs based on In‐doped ZnO (IZO) exhibit a higher efficiency than those based on ZnO for a range of different active layer systems. For the PM6:L8‐BO system, the efficiency increases from 17.0% for the pristine ZnO‐based device to 17.8% for the IZO‐based device. The IZO‐based device with an active layer of PM6:L8‐BO:BTP‐eC9 exhibits an even higher efficiency of up to 18.1%. In addition, a 1.2‐micrometer‐thick inverted ultrathin flexible organic solar cell is fabricated based on the IZO ETL that achieves an efficiency of 17.0% with a power‐per‐weight ratio of 40.4 W g−1, which is one of the highest efficiency for ultrathin (less than 10 micrometers) flexible organic solar cells.
Combining AMMI and BLUP analysis to select high‐yielding soybean genotypes in Benin
Authors: Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Ahomondji Symphorien Essèdjlo , Yemadje Pierrot Lionel , Ayi Sergino , Ranaivoson Lalaina , Torres Guilherme Martin , da Fonseca Santos Michelle , Boulakia Stéphane , Chigeza Godfree , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Diers Brian , Sinsin Brice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThirty soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes, along with three checks, were evaluated over three seasons across five communes in Benin. The experiments were laid out in an alpha lattice design with three replicates. Additive multiplicative mean interaction (AMMI) and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) analysis were combined to assess differential agronomic performance and yield stability among genotypes. There was significant variation (p < 0.001) between genotypes for all traits, with highly significant environmental and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects on soybean grain yield (p < 0.001). The likelihood ratio test indicated that both genotype and interaction effects were highly significant (p < 0.001). The low R2 (0.21) for GEI reflected the presence of high residual variation in the GEI component, in contrast to the AMMI analysis of variance, which explained a high proportion of the GEI through the first two interaction principal component axes (52%). The very high value of the predictive accuracy (0.89) confirmed the model's reliability in selecting superior genotypes. The low (0.33) genotypic correlation between environments indicated that it was difficult to select superior genotypes for each environment. Based on the superiority index (weighted average absolute scores from BLUP for yield) of BLUP, simultaneous selection led to the identification of Jenguma 2.67 ± 0.06 t ha−1 as the most stable and productive genotype across environments, followed by Favour 2.34 ± 0.08 t ha−1, and Afayak 2.46 ± 0.08 t ha−1. The agronomic performance of soybean in this study suggested great potential for diversifying cotton‐based cropping systems in Benin, thereby improving their sustainability. The effect of these soybean genotypes on the productivity of intercrop combinations and sequences of cash crops, such as cotton, is yet to be investigated.
Novel herbicide from an optimized Bacillus altitudinis D30202 solvent extract
Authors: Ma Xiu‐hua , Shen Shuo , Li Wei , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe herbicidal activity of the fermentation broth, filtrate, and extracts of Bacillus altitudinis D30202 was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). The bacterial culture filtrate exhibited greater inhibition of the wild oat weed than the fermentation broth. The filtrate was also extracted with organic solvents. The herbicidal potency of the extracts on the growth of wild oat plants was as follows: chloroform (100% inhibition of germination) > n‐butanol (93.8%) > ethyl acetate (66.7%) > petroleum ether (6.3%) > aqueous phase (2.1%); so the chloroform extract was evaluated further. It inhibited wild oat radicle growth by 100%, and plumule growth by 97.9%, while spraying young plants with a 5 mg/mL extract caused severe desiccation of the leaves, stalk wilting, and plant death. IC50 values for inhibition of plumule and radicle growth and germination were 0.64–0.72 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the microstructure of the leaves and root tips, and degradation of organelles following chloroform extract treatment. The 5 mg/mL extract had no adverse impact on the growth or health of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), corn (Zea mays), and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), indicating that this novel bioherbicide is suitable for control of wild oat weeds in the production of these food crops (while having a minor impact on the health of pea plants and being phytotoxic to wheat plants).
Facile Preparation of A−D−A Type Through‐Space Charge Transfer Molecules Utilizing Indoloindoles
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Han Hyewon , Hong Wan Pyo , Lee Chung Whan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents a straightforward synthetic pathway for the preparation of through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) molecules, utilizing an IDID core as the donor, connected to double bridges. The IDID core, known for its enhanced donor properties, incorporates two sites that facilitate a concise synthetic approach for the introduction of bridges in the acceptor‐donor‐acceptor design. Computational studies played a pivotal role in guiding our design, predicting favorable energy levels and TSCT characteristics. Experimental validation of TSCT characteristics was achieved through measurements of photophysical properties.
A common Alu insertion in the 3'UTR of TMEM106B is associated with risk of dementia
Authors: Rodney Alana , Karanjeet Kul , Benzow Kellie , Koob Michael D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSequence variants in TMEM106B have been associated with an increased risk of developing dementia.METHODSAs part of our efforts to generate a set of mouse lines in which we replaced the mouse Tmem106b gene with a human TMEM106B gene comprised of either a risk or protective haplotype, we conducted an in‐depth sequence analysis of these alleles. We also analyzed transcribed TMEM106B sequences using RNA‐seq data (AD Knowledge portal) and full genome sequences (1000 Genomes).RESULTSWe identified an AluYb8 insertion in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the TMEM106B risk haplotype. We found this AluYb8 insertion in every risk haplotype analyzed, but not in either protective haplotypes or in non‐human primates.DISCUSSIONWe conclude that this risk haplotype arose early in human development with a single Alu‐insertion event within a unique haplotype context. This AluYb8 element may act as a functional variant in conferring an increased risk of developing dementia.Highlights
We conducted an in‐depth sequence analysis of (1) a risk and (2) a protective haplotype of the human TMEM106B gene.
We also analyzed transcribed TMEM106B sequences using RNA‐seq data (AD Knowledge Portal) and full genome sequences (1000 Genomes).
We identified an AluYb8 insertion in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the TMEM106B risk haplotype. We found this AluYb8 insertion in every risk haplotype analyzed, but not in either protective haplotypes or in non‐human primates.
This AluYb8 element may act as a functional variant in conferring an increased risk of developing dementia.
COMBAT‐MS: A Population‐Based Observational Cohort Study Addressing the Benefit–Risk Balance of Multiple Sclerosis Therapies Compared with Rituximab
Authors: Piehl Fredrik , Alping Peter , Virtanen Suvi , Englund Simon , Burman Joachim , Fink Katharina , Fogdell‐Hahn Anna , Gunnarsson Martin , Hillert Jan , Langer‐Gould Annette , Lycke Jan , Mellergård Johan , Nilsson Petra , Olsson Tomas , Salzer Jonatan , Svenningsson Anders , Frisell Thomas 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess comparative effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of off‐label rituximab, compared with frequently used therapies approved for multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsA Swedish cohort study of persons with relapsing–remitting MS, age 18 to 75 years at inclusion and with a first therapy start or a first therapy switch between 2011 and 2018. Low‐dose rituximab was compared with MS‐approved therapies. Primary outcomes were proportions with 12 months confirmed disability worsening and change in MS Impact Scale‐29 (MSIS‐29) scores, respectively. Secondary endpoints included relapses, therapy discontinuation, and serious adverse events. Analyses used an intention‐to‐treat approach and were adjusted for demographics, MS features, and health characteristics.ResultsWe included 2,449 participants as first therapy start and 2,463 as first therapy switch. Proportions with disability worsening at 3 years were 9.1% for rituximab as first therapy and 5.1% after therapy switch, with no differences to MS‐approved comparators. Worsening on rituximab was mostly independent of relapses. MSIS‐29 with rituximab at 3 years improved by 1.3/8.4 points (physical/psychological) for first disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) and 0.4/3.6 for DMT switch, and was mostly similar across therapies. Rituximab had lower relapse rates and higher therapy persistence in both groups. The rate of hospital‐treated infections was higher with rituximab after a therapy switch, but not as a first therapy.InterpretationThis population‐based real‐world cohort study found low rates of disability progression, mostly independent of relapses, and without significant differences between rituximab and MS‐approved comparators. Rituximab led to lower rates of inflammatory activity and higher treatment persistence, but was associated with an increased rate of serious infections. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:678–693
Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Polyoxometalates by Bridging with Mixed‐Valent Multinuclear Platinum Complexes
Authors: Uemura Kazuhiro , Oshika Momoka , Hasegawa Haruka , Takamori Atsushi , Sato Masahiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are nanosized molecular metal oxide anion clusters with tuneable structures and functionalities, and they exhibit a redox chemistry and catalytic activity in multielectron redox processes. These are typically poor electrical conductors (<10−10 Scm−1), which is attributed to negligible electronic interactions among anions in the solid state. Since the reduced electrons on the d0 metals in POMs are delocalized, electrical conductivity was improved when judicious pathways for the electrons were created by bridging the POMs. Utilized with the electronic interactions between bridging oxygen atoms with the highest occupied molecular orbital in the POMs and the metal dz2 orbitals in the multinuclear platinum complexes, and three mixed‐valent assemblies were synthesized and characterized. Simply mixing Keggin‐type or Dawson‐type POMs with tetranuclear or trinuclear platinum complexes in solution afforded three single crystals, and all three compounds were paramagnetic with mixed oxidation states and better conductivities at room temperature than the parent compounds.
Chemically‐Driven Autonomous Janus Electromagnets as Magnetotactic Swimmers
Authors: Lozon Cara , Cornet Antoine , Reculusa Stephane , Garrigue Patrick , Kuhn Alexander , Salinas Gerardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn electromagnet is a particular device that takes advantage of electrical currents to produce concentrated magnetic fields. The most well‐known example is a conventional solenoid, having the form of an elongated coil and creating a strong magnetic field through its center when it is connected to a current source. Spontaneous redox reactions located at opposite ends of an anisotropic Janus swimmer can effectively mimic a standard power source, due to their ability to wirelessly generate a local electric current. Herein, we propose the coupling of thermodynamically spontaneous redox reactions occurring at the extremities of a hybrid Mg/Pt Janus swimmer with a solenoidal geometry to generate significant magnetic fields. These chemically driven electromagnets spontaneously transform the redox‐induced electric current into a magnetic field with a strength in the range of μT upon contact with an acidic medium. Such on‐board magnetization allows them to perform compass‐like rotational motion and magnetotactic displacement in the presence of external magnetic field gradients, without the need of using ferromagnetic materials for the swimmer design. The torque force experienced by the swimmer is proportional to the internal redox current, and by varying the composition of the solution, it is possible to fine‐tune its angular velocity.
Carbon Superstructure‐Supported Half‐Metallic V2O3 Nanospheres for High‐Efficiency Photorechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yingying , He Tianqi , Li Jinhang , Zhu Chunling , Tan Yujie , Zhu Kai , Chou Shulei , Chen Yujin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotorechargeable zinc ion batteries (PZIBs), which can directly harvest and store solar energy, are promising technologies for the development of a renewable energy society. However, the incompatibility requirement between narrow band gap and wide coverage has raised severe challenges for high‐efficiency dual‐functional photocathodes. Herein, half‐metallic vanadium (III) oxide (V2O3) was first reported as a dual‐functional photocathode for PZIBs. Theoretical and experimental results revealed its unique photoelectrical and zinc ion storage properties for capturing and storing solar energy. To this end, a synergistic protective etching strategy was developed to construct carbon superstructure‐supported V2O3 nanospheres (V2O3@CSs). The half‐metallic characteristics of V2O3, combined with the three‐dimensional superstructure assembled by ultrathin carbon nanosheets, established rapid charge transfer networks and robust framework for efficient and stable solar‐energy storage. Consequently, the V2O3@CSs photocathode delivered record zinc ion storage properties, including a photo‐assisted discharge capacities of 463 mA ⋅ h ⋅ g−1 at 2.0 A ⋅ g−1 and long‐term cycling stability over 3000 cycles. Notably, the PZIBs assembled using V2O3@CSs photocathodes could be photorecharged without an external circuit, exhibiting a high photo conversion efficiency (0.354 %) and photorecharge voltage (1.0 V). This study offered a promising direction for the direct capture and storage of solar energy.
Full Selectivity Control over the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics Into Six Products
Authors: Wu Qingyuan , Su Wang , Huang Rui , Shen Hui , Qiao Mengfei , Qin Ruixuan , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA full selectivity control over the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics leads to the production of six possible products, i.e., nitroso, hydroxylamine, azoxy, azo, hydrazo or aniline compounds, which has however not been achieved in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to support that the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics with the use of heterogeneous metal catalysts would follow the Haber's mechanistic scheme based on electrochemical reduction. We now demonstrate in this work that it is possible to fully control the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics into their all six products using a single catalytic system under various conditions. Employing SnO2‐supported Pt nanoparticles facilitated by the surface coordination of ethylenediamine and vanadium species enabled this unprecedented selectivity control. Through systematic investigation into the controlled production of all products and their chemical reactivities, we have constructed a detailed reaction network for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. Crucially, using oxygen‐isolated characterization techniques is essential for identifying unstable compounds such as nitroso, hydroxylamine, hydrazo compounds. The insights gained from this research offer invaluable guidance for selectively transforming nitroaromatics into a wide array of functional N‐containing compounds, both advancing fundamental understanding and fostering practical applications in various fields.