bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of multistrain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus probiotics on HMO compositions after supplementation to pregnant women at threatening preterm delivery: design of the randomized clinical PROMO trial
Authors: Welp A. , Laser E. , Seeger K. , Haiß A. , Hanke K. , Faust K. , Stichtenoth G. , Fortmann-Grote C. , Pagel J. , Rupp J. , Göpel W. , Gembicki M. , Scharf JL. , Rody A. , Herting E. , Härtel C. , Fortmann I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
As an indigestible component of human breast milk, Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role as a substrate for the establishing microbiome of the newborn. They have further been shown to have beneficial effects on the immune system, lung and brain development. For preterm infants HMO composition of human breast milk may be of particular relevance since the establishment of a healthy microbiome is challenged by multiple disruptive factors associated with preterm birth, such as cesarean section, hospital environment and perinatal antibiotic exposure. In a previous study it has been proposed that maternal probiotic supplementation during late stages of pregnancy may change the HMO composition in human milk. However, there is currently no study on pregnancies which are threatened to preterm birth. Furthermore, HMO composition has not been investigated in association with clinically relevant outcomes of vulnerable infants including inflammation-mediated diseases such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or chronic lung disease.

Main body
A randomized controlled intervention study (PROMO = probiotics for human milk oligosaccharides) has been designed to analyze changes in HMO composition of human breast milk after supplementation of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium infantis) in pregnancies at risk for preterm birth. The primary endpoint is HMO composition of 3-fucosyllactose and 3’-sialyllactose in expressed breast milk. We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. As secondary outcomes we will measure preterm infants’ clinical outcomes (preterm birth, sepsis, weight gain growth, gastrointestinal complications) and effects on microbiome composition in the rectovaginal tract of mothers at delivery and in the gut of term and preterm infants by sequencing at high genomic resolution. Therefore, we will longitudinally collect bio samples in the first 4 weeks after birth as well as in follow-up investigations at 3 months, one year, and five years of age.

Conclusions
We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. The PROMO study will gain insight into the microbiome-HMO interaction at the fetomaternal interface and its consequences for duration of pregnancy and outcome of infants.
DSC-Net: learning discriminative spatial contextual features for semantic segmentation of large-scale ancient architecture point clouds
Authors: Zhao Jianghong , Liu Rui , Hua Xinnan , Yu Haiquan , Zhao Jifu , Wang Xin , Yang Jia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Semantic segmentation of point cloud data of architectural cultural heritage is of significant importance for HBIM modeling, disease extraction and analysis, and heritage restoration research fields. In the semantic segmentation task of architectural point cloud data, especially for the protection and analysis of architectural cultural heritage, the previous deep learning methods have poor segmentation effects due to the complexity and unevenness of the data, the high geometric feature similarity between different components, and the large scale changes. To this end, this paper proposes a novel encoder-decoder architecture called DSC-Net. It consists of an encoder-decoder structure based on point random sampling and several fully connected layers for semantic segmentation. To overcome the loss of key features caused by random downsampling, DSC-Net has developed two new feature aggregation schemes: the enhanced dual attention pooling module and the global context feature module, to learn discriminative features for the challenging scenes mentioned above. The former fully considers the topology and semantic similarity of neighboring points, generating attention features that can distinguish categories with similar structures. The latter uses spatial location and neighboring volume ratio to provide an overall view of different types of architectural scenes, helping the network understand the spatial relationships and hierarchical structures between different architectural elements. The proposed modules can be easily embedded into various network architectures for point cloud semantic segmentation. We conducted experiments on multiple datasets, including the ancient architecture dataset, the ArCH architectural cultural heritage dataset, and the publicly available architectural segmentation dataset S3DIS. The results show that the mIoU reached 63.56%, 55.84%, and 71.03% respectively. The experimental results prove that our method has the best segmentation effect in dealing with challenging architectural cultural heritage data and also demonstrates its practicality in a wider range of architectural point cloud segmentation applications.
Research on the construction of intangible cultural heritage corridors in the Yellow River Basin based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Zhu Rong , Shi Chengyong , Yang Xueke , Chen Jizhou , Wei Kexin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectively and accurately identifying the spatial structure and protection scope of intangible cultural heritage and constructing intangible cultural heritage corridors are crucial for the comprehensive systematic protection of intangible cultural heritage and the synergistic development of the region. However, the current research on intangible cultural heritage is limited to the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage in specific locations or specific areas. Thus, systematic and holistic research perspectives are relatively limited. Therefore, this study employs geographic information system spatial analysis and the minimum cumulative resistance model to construct an intangible cultural heritage corridor in the Yellow River Basin. This study aims to establish a systematic protection method and framework for intangible cultural heritage. The results show the following: (1) The intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin has a large-scale centralized distribution and small-scale scattered distribution, which provides an important spatial basis for the construction of intangible cultural heritage corridors. (2) Overall, intangible cultural heritage corridors can be more effectively constructed in the eastern region of the Yellow River Basin than in the western region, with 84.6% of the area being suitable and 15.4% being unsuitable. (3) Based on the suitability analysis, the "18 + N" corridor system of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin, distributed across the eastern, central and southern regions, is constructed. The major corridor has a suitable width of 60–100 km, a total length of 11,935 km, and an area of 625,976 km2–919,942 km2, and can connect 634–711 intangible cultural heritage sites in series. On this basis, this study proposes a multilevel construction system for intangible cultural heritage corridors in the Yellow River Basin that integrates the "network structure–spatial scope" and "element–axis–region" levels. This approach culminates in a pattern of intangible cultural heritage protection and development in the Yellow River Basin characterized by "connecting points into lines, distributing in groups, and linking regions." This study reveals that combining geographic information system spatial analysis tools with a minimum cumulative resistance model effectively identifies potential heritage corridor networks and clarifies the hierarchical relationships of heritage element protection in the study area. This approach provides a reference model for the comprehensive protection and systematic development of intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin. Furthermore, the effectiveness and universality of this framework make it applicable to the protection and development of other similar international heritage areas.
Upcycling of melon seed (Cucumis melo L.) oil processing by-product: evaluation of functional properties and nutritional components as novel ingredient
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Li Ziqian , Charalampopoulos Dimitris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Defatted melon seed, a major by-product from melon oil processing chain, is scarcely utilsed. However, it has high potential value and can be used as novel ingredient in food products production. In line with zero waste policy and food sustainability, exploring and utilisation of this oil processing by-product can reduce food waste, and is key to moving towards a more sustainable food system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nutritional profile and functional properties of three varieties of defatted melon seeds (Galia, Cantaloupe, and Honeydew), and then compare them with defatted pumpkin seeds (as control group).

Results
In this study, three varieties of melon seeds (Galia, Cantaloupe, and Honeydew) and pumpkin seeds (as control group) were defatted using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether; subsequently, their functional properties and nutritional components were assessed. The defatted melon seeds contained high level of protein (51.1–54.2%, w/w), dietary fibre (29.4–33.2%, w/w), potassium (1181.0–2373.1 mg/100 g), and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid, 1.4–4.3 mmol/kg), whereas in terms of anti-nutritional compounds, they contained a relatively high amount of phytic acid (5.0%—5.8%, w/w). They also exhibited good in water/oil absorption capacity and emulsifying capacity. The phenolics were mainly free phenolics (FP) fraction (75%–77%), followed by the conjugated phenolics (CP) fraction (15%–16%), and the bound phenolics (BP) fraction (about 8%); the antioxidant capacity of each fraction followed the same sequence (FP > CP > BP).

Conclusion
Considering the nutritional composition, functional properties, and the presence of potentially bioactive compounds, defatted melon seeds have considerable potential to be used as a functional food ingredient for the reformulation of foods.

Graphical Abstract
A probabilistic approach for the valuation of variance swaps under stochastic volatility with jump clustering and regime switching
Authors: He Xin-Jiang , Lin Sha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effects of stochastic volatility, jump clustering, and regime switching are considered when pricing variance swaps. This study established a two-stage procedure that simplifies the derivation by first isolating the regime switching from other stochastic sources. Based on this, a novel probabilistic approach was employed, leading to pricing formulas with time-dependent and regime-switching parameters. The formulated solutions were easy to implement and differed from most existing results of variance swap pricing, where Fourier inversion or fast Fourier transform must be performed to obtain the final results, since they are completely analytical without involving integrations. The numerical results indicate that jump clustering and regime switching have a significant influence on variance swap prices.
Blood pressure control in diabetic kidney disease: a post-hoc analysis of the FANTASTIC trial
Authors: Park Cheol Ho , Hong Soon Jun , Kim Sung Gyun , Shin Seok Joon , Kim Dong Ki , Lee Jung Pyo , Han Sang Youb , Lee Sangho , Won Jong Chul , Kang Young Sun , Park Jongha , Han Byoung-Geun , Na Ki-Ryang , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Yong-Jin , Park Sungha , Yoo Tae-Hyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The target blood pressure (BP) value is unclear for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of strict BP control or ‘on treatment’ BP on clinical outcomes in patients with DKD.

Methods
A post-hoc analysis of the prespecified secondary outcomes of the FimAsartaN proTeinuriA SusTaIned reduCtion in comparison with losartan in diabetic chronic kidney disease (FANTASTIC) trial, a randomized multicenter double-blind phase III trial. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 19 years with DKD. We assigned 341 participants with DKD to BP control strategy (standard-systolic BP [SBP] < 140 mmHg versus strict-SBP < 130 mmHg). The outcome was the occurrence of cardiovascular events and renal events. Separate analyses were performed to compared the risk of outcome according to achieved average BP levels.

Results
A total of 341 participants were included in the analysis. Over a median follow-up of 2.8 years, cardiovascular/renal events were observed in 25 (7.3%) participants. Mean (SD) SBPs in the standard and strict BP control group were 140.2 (11.6) and 140.2 (11.9) mmHg, respectively. The strict BP control group did not show significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular/renal events (HR 1.32; 95% CI 0.60–2.92]). In the post-hoc analyses using achieved BP, achieved average SBP of 130–139 mmHg resulted in reduced risk of cardiovascular/renal events (HR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03–0.67) compared to achieved average SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, whereas further reduction in achieved average SBP < 130 mmHg did not impart additional benefits.

Conclusion
In patients with DKD, targeting a SBP of less than 130 mmHg, as compared with less than 140 mmHg, did not reduce the rate of a composite of cardiovascular and renal events. Achieved SBP of 130–139 mmHg was associated with a decreased risk for the primary outcome in patients with DKD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTirals.gov Identifier: NCT02620306, registered December 3, 2015.
(https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02620306).
Perforator-based local flaps for cutaneous facial reconstruction
Authors: Azeem Khaled Mohamed Abdel , Abdelaal Sarah Mohamed Abdelghany , Maguid Mohamed Fathi Abdel , Awad Philobater Bahgat Adly , Hassan Basma Hussein Abdelaziz , Shaer Wael Mohamed El , Ahmed Mostafa Fathy Ibrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the advancement of reconstructive surgical techniques, facial defect reconstruction has been always very challenging, aesthetic satisfaction has often been difficult to achieve due to the unique characteristics and complexity of the facial tissue. There have been various options regarding reconstruction and compensation of soft tissue loss all over the body rather than the face. Regardless of whether skin grafts, local flaps, and free flaps were used in the reconstruction process, each of them has its limitations. Beginning with skin grafts results could not always be satisfactory due to contracture, color, and lack of texture Additionally, local flaps have limitations due to mobility and the availability of overlapping skin and tissue, as well as the bulkiness of the pedicle which may need a second staged surgery and lately the difficulty of the free flaps and being a major surgery.

Results
Patients ages ranged between 23 and 77 years old, with a mean age of 58.33 ± 12.47. As regards the patients’ sex, 63.3% of our patients were males and 36.7% were females. Co-morbidities were found in 60% of cases (DM 23.3%, HTN 20%, HCV 3.3%, cardiac 3.3%).
Most flaps were facial artery perforator flaps 53.3%, then transverse facial artery 26.7%, superficial temporal artery 10%, angular artery 6.7%, and supra-trochlear artery 3.3%.
Twenty-ix cases representing 86.7% of cases went uneventful, while complications showed in 4 cases representing 13.3% of cases, 1 case (3.3%) showed venous congestion that was relieved within 24 h after 2 suture releases, another case (3.3%) showed wound dehiscence that was improved after 2 days with regular dressings, the third patient (3.3%) had recurrence after 4 months that was treated by excision and grafting, while last patient (3.3%) had inadequate excision that was treated by radiotherapy. No bleeding or infection occurred. Also, we observed no correlation between flap length and complications. As regards the functional point of view, all patients showed no functional impairment at the donor site, and only one case showed functional impairment at the recipient site.
As regards patient satisfaction, all 30 patients achieved positive satisfaction scores using the Likert scale, 18 cases were satisfied, and 12 cases were very satisfied.

Conclusion
The use of perforator-based flaps can provide a more effective and aesthetically pleasing solution for the reconstruction of small to moderate facial defects, provided that a reliable Perforator is accurately identified and executed by an experienced surgeon.
Primary hepatic diffuse large B- cell lymphoma mimicking cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yadav Taruna , Datta Deepanksha , Elhence Poonam , Varshney Vaibhav , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrimary lymphoma of liver is a rare malignancy with non-specific clinical features and tumor markers. The presentation and imaging features may be indistinguishable from other hepatic malignant lesions. Pathological diagnosis is the gold standard, and early detection is essential to choose the treatment modality. Here, we share an interesting case of Primary Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma of liver and its imaging findings on Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and F-18 FDG PET/CT.
The Network for Emergent Socio-Scientific Thinking (NESST): collaboration for a shared transformative future through STEM Education
Authors: O’Donnell Carol , Blanchard Katherine Pedersen , Strom Kathryn J. , D’Amico Amy , Mogck Alexa , Alcazar Rachel , Brennan Victoria , Elsayed Ayman , Fitzgerald Ange , Greenbaum Eliana , Osman Enja , Sepiurka Mariana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImpact networks are formed to address complex social or environmental issues and are often needed to maximize human and financial resources, impact, and scale of individual organizations, including those serving students in Kindergarten through college (K-16). However, contrary to existing network models described by the literature, networks designed to address complex emergent socio-scientific issues such as climate change and biodiversity loss should themselves be emergent. This paper uses a critical analysis to outline our theory of change for one type of impact network—the emergent network—whose structure, function, and purpose are based on the emerging needs of its members and the needs of a changing world; and, whose members work across borders, disciplines, and generations to educate for a shared transformative future. We apply our theory to a case study called the Network for Emergent Socio-Scientific Thinking (NESST), which brings together people with a commitment to think differently about educating youth for the future outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Together, through the lens of complexity theory and emergence, we reimagine the future of K-16 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education for Sustainable Development (STEM4SD) and demonstrate what collaborative STEM education within the context of SDG 17 and SDG 4.7 can look like.
Rawon: the black soup delicacy from East Java
Authors: Murtini Erni Sofia , Murdianti Befrika S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRawon is a meat-based soup from the east of Java characterized by its black color due to the use of keluak seeds. Rawon is prepared through the boiling of meat with sautéed spices. The use of various spices resulted in a unique Rawon flavor liked by many. Rawon has existed for over a thousand years and is still very popular today. The delicious flavor of Rawon is not only loved by the local people of East Java but is also nationally recognized as one of Indonesia's traditional culinary icons and is internationally recognized as one of the best meat-based soups in the world. Rawon is usually served with rice, side dishes such as salted egg, and tempe, and various condiments such as mung bean sprouts, sambal, and kerupuk. Thus, Rawon not only satiates hunger but is also highly nutritious. Nasi Rawon or Rawon rice can be consumed for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Rawon originated as a royal dish; however, presently it can be found anywhere and is sold in many food stalls and restaurants. It manifests a philosophy that although the Indonesian archipelago consists of many different ethnic groups, a harmonious life can be attained when they unite and coexist. Furthermore, this dish contains the philosophy of “sugeng rawuh” as a greeting to guests; therefore, Rawon rice is commonly served at weddings and community events or activities. This paper discusses in more detail the history of Rawon (including its origin and philosophy), the nutritional aspects, the ingredients, the process of making Rawon, and the chemical reactions that take place in creating the delicious flavor of the dish. The discussion also addresses presentation and on what occasions Rawon is served.
Bioactive poly(ethylene glycol)-chondroitin sulfate-triple helical recombinant collagen hydrogel for enhanced cranial defect repair
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Fan , Chen Xian , He Huixia , Liu Zaiman , Xiao Jianxi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe reconstruction of critical-size calvarial defects remains a fundamental challenge. Recombinant collagen has gained significant attention in bone tissue engineering owing to its remarkable bioactivity and non-immunogenicity. Herein, we have for the first time developed a bioactive poly(ethylene glycol)-chondroitin sulfate-triple helical recombinant collagen (PEG-ChS-THRC) hydrogel for enhanced bone regeneration in cranial defects. A simple and mild crosslinking reaction of two-arm polyethylene glycol active ester (NHS-PEG-NHS), adipic dihydrazide modified chondroitin sulfate (ChS-ADH) and triple helical recombinant collagen (THRC) leads to the formation of the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel. The hydrogel demonstrates interconnected porous structures, enhanced mechanical strength, diminished swelling ratios and adjustable biodegradability. It possesses exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity, significantly facilitating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological characterization of rat models with critical-size cranial defects have consistently demonstrated that the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel significantly promotes bone tissues regeneration. The innovative bioactive scaffold provides a remarkably improved remedy for critical-size cranial defects, holding greatly promising applications in the fields of bone tissue regeneration.
Graphical Abstract