bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocoatings Applied to Corrosion Protection at the Oil and Gas Industry Trends
Authors: Alencar Maria Simone de Menezes , da Silva Ronaldo Pedro , Giacometti Daniel , Forero Adriana , Labes Alan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The innovative promises of nanotechnologies have fomented growing investments from governments, research centers and companies. As a multidisciplinary technology, nanotechnology developments are observed in many industries, such as: chemical, automotive, pharmaceutical, aerospace and defense, electronics, energy and materials. Market researches project that the global business based on nanotechnology products will reach US$ 3.3Tri in 2018. Nanotechnologies offer opportunities in all levels of the value chain at the oil and gas industry, contributing with more efficient, less expensive and more environmentally friendly technologies. Among these opportunities, are: improved data gathering, recognizing and avoiding dry holes; enhanced materials that provide strength and endurance to increase performance and reliability in drilling, tubular goods, and rotating parts; improved elastomers, enablers for high pressure high temperature drilling environments; corrosion protection for surfaces, subsurface and facilities applications; lightweight materials; selective filtration and water management; and enhanced oil recovery through the modification of reservoir properties. Nanotechnologies applied to materials science may help to modify or manipulate the characteristics of materials at the molecular level, developing materials with exclusive characteristics for critical applications. Among nanocoatings applications are antibiotic effects, thermal insulation, dirt repellent, corrosion resistance, mist absorbent and self cleaning. Nanocoating with self-healing property is an example of an environmentally friendly application. The objective of this work is to prospect the available nanotechnologies for corrosion protection for the oil and gas industry. The methodology is based on patents and scientific papers evaluation, through bibliometric techniques to identify the players that are most representative of the market. 76 patents and 45 scientific papers have been identified. Additionally, data from companies widely recognized at the sector have verified. As a result from this work, the authors expect to diffuse knowledge of solutions based on nanotechnologies for the oil and gas sector, contributing to foster innovation at the industry.

Introduction
In global terms, in the last few decades, the field of nanotechnology has drawn more investment from the public sector than any other single technology area, with figures of around US$8 billion in 2008 from public investment in research. It is also important to highlight that in the countries that top the rank of such investments, such as the United States, Europe and Japan, private investments are higher than public investments [1]. In this context, the innovative characteristics offered by nanotechnology have generated growing investments from governments, research centers and companies alike, encompassing most fields of knowledge on a worldwide level.
Technical-Commercial Project Management - A Challenge for Oil Companies
Authors: Jefferson Fernando 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Business opportunities in the petroleum chain often result in losses for enterprises, due to problems in the management of commercial-technical projects, especially with large companies such as Brazilian Petrobras. The commercial area often hits its goal (i.e., sell), but the project is not delivered within the negotiated, agreed and contracted quality, cost and schedule. To avoid fines, new human and financial resources are added to the project, which will certainly decrease the profit margin or even cause financial losses. The image of the company could be affected, harming the conquest of new projects with this or other customers. The repetition of this situation may even cause company's bankruptcy.
This article examines some reasons why this happens, and proposes solutions to better manage these projects. It will be suggested a more efficient and integrated coordination between the technical and commercial areas, since the beginning, at the first sign of a business opportunity, even before starting negotiations with the client and continuing with strong integrated operations between the two areas, until the conclusion of the project. It will also be addressed the involvement of other areas (Finance, Quality Management, Board of Directors) of the company, as well as other companies. The relationship with these areas and companies should also be managed within the scope of the project.
Finally, it will be proposed the application of simplified project management and knowledge management techniques, so that projects be better planned and executed and that the information generated throughout the projects (lessons learned, for example) could be incorporated into the company's intellectual capital, facilitating new future projects, risk analysis and greater empowerment of people in the company.
The experiences reported in this paper may be useful also for other markets and countries.
Les égarements de l’imagination, ou le roman raisonné de Philippe-Louis Gérard
Authors: Brodeur Pierre-Olivier 
Published: October 2013

L’article examine le discours religieux sur le roman tel qu’il se manifeste dans un roman édifiant de la fin du xviiie siècle, Le Comte de Valmont, ou les égarements de la raison (1774), de l’écrivain antiphilosophique Philippe-Louis Gérard (1737-1813). Ce roman épistolaire est une des rares oeuvres de l’époque à critiquer aussi violemment le genre romanesque. Loin de se cantonner aux traditionnelles attaques sur la moralité du roman, la critique de Gérard insiste particulièrement sur les effets pernicieux de l’imagination telle que l’exploite le roman, laquelle opère une distorsion dans l’esprit du lecteur qui en vient à confondre le réel et l’imaginaire. Pour Gérard, l’imagination est ainsi non seulement la source des passions, mais également l’ennemie de la raison qui seule peut atteindre la vérité, c’est-à-dire les dogmes fondamentaux du christianisme. En mettant de l’avant une conception de l’imagination réduite à une puissance qui égare la raison, Gérard s’oppose à une longue tradition de penseurs qui, d’Aristote à Pascal en passant par Montaigne et François de Sales, ont réservé à l’imagination une place légitime dans les processus cognitifs. Son roman Le Comte de Valmont manifeste ce rejet complet de l’imagination par l’exploitation d’une poétique de la raison : l’oeuvre est structurée en fonction des thèmes abordés et des discussions philosophiques et théologiques qui sont les véritables moteurs de l’action dans le roman. Le cas de Gérard permet ainsi de constater que le débat sur le roman doit être envisagé comme une partie intégrante de débats plus larges, qui mettent en cause le potentiel cognitif de la fiction narrative et, plus généralement, le rapport de l’homme à la vérité.
An MHD model of Ganymede's mini‐magnetosphere suggests that the heliosphere forms in a sub‐Alfvénic flow
Authors: Kivelson Margaret Galland , Jia Xianzhe 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDirectional fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) measured by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer spacecraft reveal a Ribbon of strong emission whose source lies beyond the termination shock. Intense emissions of ENAs (energies 0.1 to 6 keV) appear along an extended arc significantly displaced from the nose of the heliosphere, the point on the boundary defined by the Sun's motion relative to the local interstellar medium (LISM). The locus of the Ribbon differs from expectations based on early models of the interaction of the solar wind with the LISM, assumed to flow at a super‐Alfvénic speed. Here we argue that the distribution of the ENA source can be understood if the flow is sub‐Alfvénic. We use a magnetohydrodynamic model of the mini‐magnetosphere of Ganymede, embedded in the sub‐Alfvénic flow of Jupiter's magnetospheric plasma, to establish where heated ions are distributed on the magnetopause. If the flow of the LISM is sub‐Alfvénic, reconnection would occur along an arc centered away from the nose for an appropriately chosen field orientation. Charge exchange with ions heated by reconnection would produce an ENA source distributed in a manner close to that observed. Heating of ions by reconnection can account also for the way ENA images vary with energy. Sub‐Alfvénic flow implies not only that reconnection on the heliopause can be centered well away from the nose, but also that no bow shock forms upstream of the heliopause. It also seems probable that the configuration of the heliosphere differs from the bullet shape frequently illustrated.
VIIRS on‐orbit calibration methodology and performance
Authors: Xiong Xiaoxiong , Butler James , Chiang Kwofu , Efremova Boryana , Fulbright Jon , Lei Ning , McIntire Jeff , Oudrari Hassan , Sun Junqiang , Wang Zhipeng , Wu Aisheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor aboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership spacecraft has successfully operated since its launch in October 2011. The VIIRS collects data in 22 spectral bands that are calibrated by a set of onboard calibrators (OBC). In addition, lunar observations are made to independently track VIIRS long‐term calibration stability for the reflective solar bands (RSB). This paper provides an overview of VIIRS OBC functions as well as its on‐orbit operation and calibration activities. It also describes sensor calibration methodologies and demonstrates VIIRS on‐orbit performance from launch to present. Results reported in this paper include on‐orbit changes in sensor spectral band responses, detector noise characterization, and key calibration parameters. Issues identified and their potential impacts on sensor calibration are also discussed. Since launch, the VIIRS instrument nominal operation temperature has been stable to within ±1.0 K. The cold focal plane temperatures have been well controlled, with variations of less than 20 mK over a period of 1.5 years. In general, changes in thermal emissive bands (TEB) detector responses have been less than 0.5%. Despite large response degradation in several near‐infrared and short‐wave infrared bands and large SD degradation at short visible wavelengths, the VIIRS sensor and OBC overall performance has been excellent postlaunch. The degradation caused by the telescope mirror coating contamination has been modeled and its impact addressed through the use of modulated relative spectral response in the improved calibration and the current sensor data record data production. Based on current instrument characteristics and performance, it is expected that the VIIRS calibration will continue to meet its design requirements, including RSB detector signal to noise ratio and TEB detector noise equivalent temperature difference, throughout its 7 year design lifetime.
Heat‐resistant sustained‐release fragrance microcapsules
Authors: Li Yan , Huang Yi‐Qing , Fan Heng‐Feng , Xia Qiang 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, fragrance microcapsules were prepared by a spray‐drying method, in which the osmanthus flower fragrance acted as the core material and gum arabic and maltodextrin acted as shell materials. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the microcapsules were approximately spherical in shape with a concave surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to prove the formations of the microcapsules. The fragrance retention rate at high temperatures (80–120°C) after a short heating time (30 min) reached 85.20 ± 2.72% and the retention rate after a long heating time (a week) at 60°C reached 95.40 ± 2.88%. The retention rate after 100 days exceeded 90%, and the transdermal release experiments showed that on the surface of the skin, the fragrance in the microcapsules stayed longer than in the pure fragrance oil. These results indicate that the fragrance microcapsules had an excellent aroma‐reserving ability. The results of the release test proved that the transport mechanism of the fragrance microcapsules conformed to the Weibull equation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40053.
Segmentation of biomedical images using active contour model with robust image feature and shape prior
Authors: Yeo Si Yong , Xie Xianghua , Sazonov Igor , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this article, a new level set model is proposed for the segmentation of biomedical images. The image energy of the proposed model is derived from a robust image gradient feature which gives the active contour a global representation of the geometric configuration, making it more robust in dealing with image noise, weak edges, and initial configurations. Statistical shape information is incorporated using nonparametric shape density distribution, which allows the shape model to handle relatively large shape variations. The segmentation of various shapes from both synthetic and real images depict the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method. © 2013 The Authors.International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineeringpublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Modified Semiconducting Copper– and Silver–TCNQ Materials as Substrates for the Reduction of Chromium(VI) Using Thiosulfate Ions at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Pearson Andrew , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the group of Dr. Anthony P. O′Mullane from RMIT University in Melbourne. The cover picture shows a SEM image of a semiconducting CuTCNQ microrod whose surface is decorated with metal nanoparticles by a simple galvanic replacement process. Read the full text of the article at page 1343.
Predicting Retirement Upon Eligibility: An Embeddedness Perspective
Authors: Bamberger Peter A. , Bacharach Samuel B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractConcern over the impact of baby‐boomers' retirement on needed skills and proprietary knowledge has stimulated an interest in identifying workplace factors associated with retirement upon eligibility. Drawing from embeddedness theory, the authors identify work‐based antecedents potentially underlying a related, but distinct, form of withdrawal—retirement upon eligibility. The authors generate and test hypotheses regarding the impact of fit‐, sacrifice‐, and links‐related antecedents using a prospective study design and a national probability sample of some 500 older individuals who, at the time of the initial interview, were within months of becoming—for the first time—eligible to receive such benefits. The findings indicate that, beyond the effects of person‐based antecedents (e.g., age, health, assets, expected retirement income), a combination of fit‐ (i.e., job challenge), sacrifice‐ (i.e., perceived organizational support), and links‐related factors (i.e., stability of close workplace peer relations) have a substantial influence on the decision to retire upon eligibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iodobenzene‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Azidoketones and α‐Thiocyanatoketones from Aryl Ketones with MCPBA as a Cooxidant
Authors: Chang Ya‐Li , Chung Chi‐Lin , Wu Fang‐Wen , Wang Huey‐Min , Hou Rei‐Sheu , Kang Iou‐Jiun , Chen Ling‐Ching 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIodobenzene‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐azidoketones and α‐thiocyanatoketones from aryl ketones with MCPBA as a cooxidant is described. The method is simple, rapid and practical, generating α‐azidoketones and α‐thiocyanatoketones from the aryl ketone without isolation of α‐tosyloxyketones in good to excellent yields.
Economic impact and the notion of compensated procurement
Authors: Enzer H. , Berry S. D. , Martin J. I. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper consists essentially of two parts. In the first part a linear economic impact model is presented whose structure is based on subcontracting flows. The structural coefficients are defined in terms of flows per area. The model is derived from two identities that are analogous to the income and expenditure identities of national income accounting. The parameters are prime contracts and when one or several of the prime contracts are changed, the model determines the impacts of such changes on the various regions that have been selected. The impacts can be combined with regional multipliers to derive changes in regional income and regional employment. Fragmentary data for this kind of model have been collected on a one‐time basis by DOD in 1965 and some results based on the data are presented. The second part of the paper is concerned with normative economics. A scheme is suggested, called compensated procurement, that outlines how the Department of Defense might employ the impact model in a macroeconomic setting. The basic idea is that a stabilization fund be established to finance an array of potential projects which are contracted for to balance sudden shifts in defense demand. Only short‐run stabilization is advocated.
Relationships among potential sorties, ground support, and aircraft reliability
Authors: Guthrie Donald , Means Edward H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA methodology is developed for assessing tactical airfield/aircraft system effectiveness, and for evaluating effectiveness changes resulting from incremental investments in ground support resources and/or aircraft reliability. Two categories of ground support functions–turnaround and maintenance–are distinguished. The measure of effectiveness is the maximum potential sortie rate achievable by the system. The methodology enables empirical derivation of the general equation of the tactical airfield/aircraft system. It also enables graphical presentation of the system tradeoffs in the form of a System Analysis Chart.
Quasi‐separable utility functions
Authors: Keeney Ralph Lyons 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a method for the assessment of utility functions of multi‐numeraire consequences. It is proven that given von Neumann and Morgenstern's axioms of “rational behavior” and two additional assumptions, the utility function for (x, y) consequences can be written as U(x, y) = Ux(x) + Uy(y) + KUx(x) Uy(y).K is a constant that must be evaluated empirically. This form shall be designated as a quasi‐separable utility function. It is more general than the separable utility function and is shown to be nearly as easy to use.Implications and ramifications of such a utility function and its requisite assumptions are discussed. A technique for practical application of this work is presented.
Markov chain analyses of multiprogrammed computer systems
Authors: Coffman E. G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost operating systems for large computing facilities involve service disciplines which base, to some extent, the sequencing of object program executions on the amount of running time they require. It is the object of this paper to study mathematical models of such service disciplines applicable to both batch and time‐shared processing systems. In particular, Markov queueing models are defined and analyzed for round‐robin and foreground‐background service disciplines. With the round‐robin discipline, the service facility processes each program or job for a maximum of q seconds; if the program's service is completed during this quantum, it leaves the system, otherwise it returns to the end of the waiting line to await another quantum of service. With the foreground‐background discipline each new arrival joins the end of the foreground queue and awaits a single quantum of service. If it requires more it is subsequently placed at the end of the background queue which is allocated service only when the foreground queue is empty.The analysis focuses on the efficiency of the above systems by assuming a swap or set‐up time (overhead cost) associated with the switching of programs on and off the processor. The analysis leads to generating functions for the equilibrium queue length probabilities, the moments of this latter distribution, and measures of mean waiting times. The paper concludes with a discussion of the results along with several examples.
A cost‐benefit analysis of military aircraft replacement policies
Authors: Boness A. James , Schwartz Arnold N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper describes a method of solving aircraft service life problems. The particular application concerns aircraft in the Naval Advanced Jet Training Command. The method of solution is comparative present value analysis of alternative replacement policies. The likely risks of estimation errors are reflected in the comparisons of present values. Differences are noted in the benefits associated with each policy, but external to Naval Aviation. Since the values of these benefits can be determined only at a higher level of decision‐making, the result of the study is not a conclusive selection among policies, but a schedule of present values on the basis of which, together with values of the external benefits, a decision can be reached.This paper discusses replacement policies for aircraft used in the Naval Advanced Jet Pilot Training mission. Taking engineering technology and the training syllabus as given, four feasible plans for introducing replacement aircraft into service are evaluated in terms of the present values of differential costs associated with the plans and in terms of the likely errors in cost estimates used in calculation of the present values. The trade‐off between present value of costs and planning flexibility is emphasized in choosing a recommended time pattern of aircraft replacement. The specific aircraft mixes considered are the TF–9J/TAF–9J and the TA–4F/A–4B. The first is the currently employed mix; the second is the proposed replacement.The problem is to select an optimal time‐pattern of replacement of F–9's by A–4's, given technological differences favoring the A–4 and increasing costs of maintaining squadrons of F–9's. Replacements by aircraft types other than the A–4 are considered impractical. Four feasible plans for introducing A–4's through a 5‐year period are evaluated in terms of current best estimates of the related costs of the plans and in terms of the flexibility of modifying each plan given future better information concerning the relevant costs. The method of analysis is comparative present value of expected costs.
A note on a modified primal‐dual algorithm to speed convergence in solving linear programs
Authors: Greenberg Harold 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe primal‐dual algorithm is modified in a two part procedure. In the first part, the pivot row is selected so that an artificial variable is always dropped. The end of the first part usually produces some basic variables with negative values. The second part consists of selecting the most negative basic variable. The equation, represented by the selected basic variable, is multiplied through by minus one and then added to all equations with negative basic variables; it is then augmented by an artificial variable. This procedure produces feasibility for all basic variables and maintains canonical form. The standard primal‐dual method is then used to complete the solution. Computational results are presented.
Determining optimum reject allowances for deteriorating production systems
Authors: Vachani Mohan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSince most manufacturing processes inevitably produce some defective items, it is common practice to produce a quantity larger than the actual order size. This excess is called a reject allowance. In this paper we consider production processes which undergo stochastic deterioration and demonstrate that under appropriate conditions a smallest optimum reject allowance exists and can be easily computed. We also investigate the optimality of periodic process inspections and show that in some cases one can do better by following an (r, R) inspection‐processing policy.