bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Increased Calcium and Calcitriol Requirements After Discontinuation of Human Synthetic Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) Replacement Therapy in Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Gafni Rachel I , Guthrie Lori C , Kelly Marilyn H , Brillante Beth A , Christie C Michele , Reynolds James C , Yovetich Nancy A , James Robert , Collins Michael T 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Synthetic human PTH 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism maintains eucalcemia and converts quiescent bone to high-turnover bone. However, the skeletal and metabolic effects of drug discontinuation have not been reported. Nine subjects with hypoparathyroidism received subcutaneous injections of hPTH 1-34 two to three times daily for 19.8 to 61.3 months and then transitioned back to calcium and calcitriol. Biochemistries and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were assessed at baseline, while on treatment, and at follow-up 3 to 12 months after drug discontinuation. Two subjects developed hypocalcemia when hPTH 1-34 was abruptly discontinued. Thus, to avoid hypocalcemia, subjects were slowly weaned from hPTH 1-34 over several weeks. When hPTH 1-34 was stopped, subjects were requiring two to three times pretreatment doses of calcitriol and calcium to maintain blood calcium levels. Doses were gradually reduced over many weeks until calcium levels were stable on doses similar to baseline. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), N-telopeptide (NTX), and osteocalcin (OC) increased significantly with hPTH 1-34; at follow-up, BSAP and NTX had returned to baseline while OC was still slightly elevated. During treatment, BMD was unchanged at the hip and lateral spine but declined at the anterior-posterior (AP) spine, radius, and total body. During weaning, BMD increased, with the hip and lateral spine exceeding pre-hPTH 1-34 values and the whole body returning to baseline. AP spine was increased non-significantly compared to baseline at follow-up. hPTH 1-34 must be gradually weaned in hypoparathyroid patients with high doses of oral medications given to avoid hypocalcemia. The transient increased requirements accompanied by increased BMD after long-term hPTH 1-34 therapy suggest a reversal of the expanded remodeling space favoring bone formation as the skeleton returns to a low-turnover state, reminiscent of the hungry bone syndrome. Further study and close monitoring is required to ensure safe transition to conventional therapy and to elucidate the physiological mechanism of this phenomenon. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Wrist Fracture and Risk of Subsequent Fracture: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative Study
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Hovey Kathleen M , Cauley Jane A , Andrews Christopher A , Curtis Jeffrey R , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Wright Nicole C , Li Wenjun , LeBoff Meryl S 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Wrist fractures are common in postmenopausal women and are associated with functional decline. Fracture patterns after wrist fracture are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and types of fractures that occur after a wrist fracture among postmenopausal women. We carried out a post hoc analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials (1993–2010) carried out at 40 US clinical centers. Participants were postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years at baseline. Mean follow-up duration was 11.8 years. Main measures included incident wrist, clinical spine, humerus, upper extremity, lower extremity, hip, and total non-wrist fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in a subset. Among women who experienced wrist fracture, 15.5% subsequently experienced non-wrist fracture. The hazard for non-wrist fractures was higher among women who had experienced previous wrist fracture than among women who had not experienced wrist fracture: non-wrist fracture overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–1.48), spine (HR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.32–1.66), humerus (HR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.57–2.02), upper extremity (non-wrist) (HR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.70–2.07), lower extremity (non-hip) (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.26–1.48), and hip (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.32–1.71) fracture. Associations persisted after adjustment for BMD, physical activity, and other risk factors. Risk of non-wrist fracture was higher in women who were younger when they experienced wrist fracture (interaction p value 0.02). Associations between incident wrist fracture and subsequent non-wrist fracture did not vary by baseline BMD category (normal, low bone density, osteoporosis). A wrist fracture is associated with increased risk of subsequent hip, vertebral, upper extremity, and lower extremity fractures. There may be substantial missed opportunity for intervention in the large number of women who present with wrist fractures. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Furan‐2,4‐dione Derivatives Containing Substituted Phenylhydrazine Moiety
Authors: Hu Ying , Zhang Li‐Zhi , Ren Zheng‐Jiao , Zhao Zheng , Xu Wen‐Qin , Yang Chun‐Long 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of novel 3‐(2‐(substituted phenyl)hydrazinylmethylidene)furan‐2,4(3H,5H)‐diones were designed and synthesized with ethyl 4‐chloroacetoacetate as the starting material. Their structures were confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, EI‐MS and elemental analysis. Bioassay data demonstrated that these compounds exhibited remarkable antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Colletotrichum capsici. Compound 3‐(2‐(4‐bromophenyl)hydrazinylmethylidene)furan‐2,4(3H,5H)‐dione (5g) had excellent bioactivity against Botrytis cinerea with an EC50 value of 0.18 μg/mL ‐ markedly lower than the 0.24 μg/mL of the commercial fungicide procymidone. The result revealed that introducing the halogenated phenylhydrazine at the 3‐position of furan‐2,4(3H, 5H)‐dione was an effective way to design new tetronic acid derivatives as new fungicides.
Voltammetric Determination of Sophoridine Based on Gold Nanoparticles/L‐cysteine/ Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Longtao , Yang Liu , Li Bei , Qiang Liming , Gao Lin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new strategy to make the electrochemical sensor was presented, through combining gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via L‐cysteine (L‐cys) as crosslinker. The resulting electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. And it was applied to develop a high‐sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of sophoridine. Compared with the bare GCE and reduced graphene oxide modified electrode, the resulting electrodes exhibited excellent response toward the oxidation of sophoridine by significantly enhancing the oxidation peak currents and decreasing the overpotential of sophoridine. Under the selected conditions, there exist the linear relation between the oxidation peak currents and sophoridine concentration in the range of 1.0 x 10‐6∼1.0 x 10‐4 mol L‐1, with detection limit of 4.0 x 10‐7 mol L‐1. At the same time, the method can be successfully applied to the quantitative determination of sophoridine in injection samples and its result is satisfactory.
HPLC Determination of Lansoprazole and Method Application for the Formulation Development of Enteric‐coated Lansoprazole Pellets
Authors: Tsai Tong‐Rong , Cham Thau‐Ming , Wu Yu‐Tse 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a validated HPLC method for the determination of lansoprazole in dissolution medium and pellets. For the formulation development, we investigated the role of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPβCD) on the dissolution of enteric‐coated pellets of lansoprazole prepared by the solution layering technique using a fluid bed coater. Dissolution results demonstrated the coating using Acryl‐Eze protected the formulations from releasing lansoprazole in acid medium for the first 2 h, and the addition of HPβCD improved the dissolution performance by 189%, compared with the group without HPβCD. The DSC analysis displaced an absence of the endothermic peak for the lyophilized products lansoprazole and HPβCD, and FTIR analysis demonstrated the band broadening, shifting or disappearance compared to the spectra of the physical mixture, which indicated the formation of the inclusion complex between lansoprazole and HPβCD. This study has developed a validated HPLC method to measure lansoprazole in test media and pellets, which was applied successfully to the formula tion development of enteric‐coated pellets.
Quantum Control of Coherent ρρ‐Electron Dynamics in Chiral Aromatic Molecules
Authors: Yamaki Masahiro , Mineo Hirobumi , Teranishi Yoshiaki , Lin Sheng Hsien , Fujimura Yuichi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractControl of mobile π‐electrons is one of the fundamental issues in the organic optoelectronics for designing the next generation ultrafast switching devices. The optimal control simulations of coherent π‐electron rotations in (P)‐2,2’‐biphenol, which is the typical nonplanar aromatic molecule with axial chirality, were performed by taking into account two types of the control targets: one is generation of the maximum π‐angular momentum, and the other is the maintaining of the generated unidirectional angular momentum during a setting time duration. The optimal control pulse for each target is designed. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the effective maintaining of the unidirectional angular momentum can be realized by applying 2π pulse to one of the electronic excited states forming the coherent electronic state. The 2π pulse prevents the reverse rotation of the π‐electrons by dumping the excited state population to the ground state and subsequently by pumping the population back to the excited state. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the designing next generation ultrafast switching devices made by organic aromatic molecules.
Two‐In‐one sample preparation for plan‐VIew TEM
Authors: Sáfrán György , Szász Noémi , Sáfrán Eszter 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation requires special skills, it is time consuming and costly, hence, an increase of the efficiency is of primary importance. This article describes a method that duplicates the yield of the conventional mechanical and ion beam preparation of plan‐view TEM samples. As a modification of the usual procedures, instead of one two different samples are comprised in a single specimen. The two pre‐cut slabs, one from each samples, are embedded side by side in the window of a 3 mm dia Ti disk and the specimen is thinned mechanically and by ion milling until perforation that occurs at the interface of the two different slabs. That, with proper implementation, provides acceptable size thin area for the TEM study of both samples. The suitability of the two‐in‐one method has been confirmed through examples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:599–602, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histology of the heterostracan dermal skeleton: Insight into the origin of the vertebrate mineralised skeleton
Authors: Keating Joseph N. , Marquart Chloe L. , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTCover illustration. The vertebrate mineralized skeleton and its canonical cell and tissue types are among the most formative innovations in vertebrate evolutionary history. Their origins, however, are poorly understood because living vertebrates either lack or possess all of the component mineralized skeletal systems in their entirety. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology Keating et al. (pp. 657–680) surveyed the dermal skeletal histology of heterostracans, inferred the plesiomorphic heterostracan skeleton and, through histological comparison to other skeletonising vertebrate clades, deduced the ancestral nature of the vertebrate dermal skeleton. The cover shows a transverse section through a cephalothoracic shield of Tesseraspis tesselata.
Interannual variability of the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon
Authors: Luo Ming , Leung Yee , Graf Hans‐F. , Herzog Michael , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the year‐to‐year variability of the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) and the possible influences exerted by the surface temperature anomalies over land and sea. Early and late monsoon onsets are related to the temperature anomalies in different regions. It is found that an early onset follows negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central tropical Pacific (CP) Ocean during the preceding winter and spring, corresponding to a CP La Niña. In contrast, a late onset is preceded by the negative surface air temperature anomalies over land in the central Asian continent. Negative SST anomalies in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the associated warming in the western Pacific induce an anomalously enhanced Walker circulation. This anomalous Walker cell leads to an increase in convection, causing more latent heat release and a subsequent decrease of surface pressure. The anomalous Walker cell and the enhanced latent heat release weaken the Western North Pacific subtropical high and the Philippine Sea anticyclone, favouring a westerly flow from the Indian Ocean, resulting in an early SCSSM onset. On the other hand, negative land surface temperature anomalies cool the atmosphere over land, and locally modify the Hadley circulation, accompanied by the anomalous divergence in the low‐level atmosphere over the western equatorial Pacific. This divergence anomaly reduces the latent heat release and strengthens the anticyclone in the Philippine Sea, thus preventing the westward extension of the westerlies from the Indian Ocean and causing a late SCSSM onset.
Alternating Incubation Effects in the Generation of Category Exemplars
Authors: Smith Steven M. , Gerkens David R. , Angello Genna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFour experiments tested the forgetting fixation hypothesis of incubation effects, comparing continuous vs. alternating generation of exemplars from three different types of categories. In two experiments, participants who listed as many members as possible from two different categories produced more responses, and more novel responses, when they alternated back and forth between the two categories, as compared to continuous uninterrupted listing from each of the two categories. This incubation effect was not found in Experiment 1, when participants were given taxonomic categories (birdsandclothing) for the generation task, but was found in Experiment 2 with sense impression categories (cold thingsandheavy things), and in Experiment 3 withad hoccategories (equipment you take campingandfattening foods). A similar incubation effect was observed in Experiment 4 when a non‐verbal task was given between category generation tasks, but only for flexibly defined categories. The results suggest that forgetting from one alternating listing period to the next in the form of altering category cue representations was consistent with the observed incubation effects. Thesealternating incubationeffects have implications for understanding cognitive processes that underlie creative cognition.
Intraoperative passive knee kinematics during total knee arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Young Kathryn L. , Dunbar Michael J. , Richardson Glen , Astephen Wilson Janie L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSurgical navigation systems for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery are capable of capturing passive three‐dimensional (3D) angular joint movement patterns intraoperatively. Improved understanding of patient‐specific knee kinematic changes between pre and post‐implant states and their relationship with post‐operative function may be important in optimizing TKA outcomes. However, a comprehensive characterization of the variability among patients has yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize the variability within frontal plane joint movement patterns intraoperatively during a passive knee flexion exercise. Three hundred and forty patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) received a primary TKA using a navigation system. Passive kinematics were captured prior to (pre‐implant), and after prosthesis insertion (post‐implant). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to capture characteristic patterns of knee angle kinematics among patients, to identify potential patient subgroups based on these patterns, and to examine the subgroup‐specific changes in these patterns between pre‐ and post‐implant states. The first four extracted patterns explained 99.9% of the diversity within the frontal plane angle patterns among the patients. Post‐implant, the magnitude of the frontal plane angle shifted toward a neutral mechanical axis in all phenotypes, yet subtle pattern (shape of curvature) features of the pre‐implant state persisted. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1611–1619, 2015.
Statistical modeling to characterize relationships between knee anatomy and kinematics
Authors: Smoger Lowell M. , Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Clary Chadd W. , Cyr Adam J. , Maletsky Lorin P. , Rullkoetter Paul J. , Laz Peter J. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe mechanics of the knee are complex and dependent on the shape of the articular surfaces and their relative alignment. Insight into how anatomy relates to kinematics can establish biomechanical norms, support the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies (e.g., patellar maltracking) and inform implant design. Prior studies have used correlations to identify anatomical measures related to specific motions. The objective of this study was to describe relationships between knee anatomy and tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) kinematics using a statistical shape and function modeling approach. A principal component (PC) analysis was performed on a 20‐specimen dataset consisting of shape of the bone and cartilage for the femur, tibia and patella derived from imaging and six‐degree‐of‐freedom TF and PF kinematics from cadaveric testing during a simulated squat. The PC modes characterized links between anatomy and kinematics; the first mode captured scaling and shape changes in the condylar radii and their influence on TF anterior–posterior translation, internal‐external rotation, and the location of the femoral lowest point. Subsequent modes described relations in patella shape and alta/baja alignment impacting PF kinematics. The complex interactions described with the data‐driven statistical approach provide insight into knee mechanics that is useful clinically and in implant design. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1620–1630, 2015.
Edible films and coatings based on biodegradable residues applied to acerolas (Malpighia punicifolia L.)
Authors: Ferreira Mariana SL , Fai Ana Elizabeth C , Andrade Cristina T , Picciani Paulo H , Azero Edwin G , Gonçalves Édira CBA 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to produce and characterize edible films and coatings from fruit and vegetable residue (FVR) flour and potato peel (P) flour. Two coating approaches (immersion and film) were studied on the quality of acerolas.RESULTSFilm‐forming solutions (FFS) presented a viscoelastic behavior and a gelation process occurring at 70 °C. Maximum density (1.018 g cm−3), viscosity (44.404 cP) and starch content were obtained for FFS based on 8% FVR flour with 4% P flour. This same film presented enhanced mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break (0.092 MPa and 36% respectively). Solubility of the films averaged 87%, demonstrating high hydrophilicity. Improved performance was obtained for film‐packaged acerolas, which exhibited an increase in shelf life of 50% compared with control fruits. A lower loss of weight was observed for these samples by about 30–57% compared with control fruits, but minor modifications of pH, titratable acidity and soluble solid content occurred during storage.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the potential of FVR flour for edible coating and film formulation. Practical application on acerolas constituted a motivating route to evaluate and optimize this process; however, microbiological and sensory analyses are necessary to assess the material acceptability and safety. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Frontotemporal Dementia‐Like Syndrome Following Recall of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Cohen Lisa J. , Brody David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNumerous psychopathological syndromes have been attributed to posttraumatic stress, both at the time of the trauma and many years later. To date, however, there is little literature on pseudodementia as a delayed traumatic stress response. The authors present a case history of a 50‐year‐old woman who developed severe cognitive impairment following retrieval of previously forgotten memories of childhood sexual abuse. Her cognitive condition deteriorated rapidly and dramatically. Neuropsychological assessment and clinical presentation led to a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (vs. corticobasal degeneration). Detailed neurologic and medical evaluations could not identify any underlying physical cause. Her condition progressively worsened over 9 months, at which point memantine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, was begun. The patient regained full functioning over the next year. Although an organic cause could not be ruled out, it was likely that recovery of traumatic memories was contributory to the patient's condition, as ongoing psychotherapy had begun 1 year into the course. If additional cases with similar presentations are reported, such cases would corroborate the notion that persistent, severe, and reversible cognitive impairment constitutes a previously unrecognized and atypical posttraumatic response.
Patient‐perceived benefit of sialendoscopy as measured by the Glasgow Benefit Inventory
Authors: Meier Bue A. , Holst René , Schousboe Lars P. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the patient‐perceived effect of sialendoscopy on patients with obstructive symptoms from the salivary glands.Study DesignRetrospectively identified cohort used for a prospective study of all consecutive patients at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark, March 2009 to December 2013.MethodsBy chart review we recorded the patient's age, gender, date of the sialendoscopy, type of gland, sialolithiasis, successful extraction of sialolithiasis, stenosis of salivary ducts, dilation, type of saliva, and surgeon. The follow‐up was done by applying the Glasgow Benefit Inventory questionnaire by letter and telephone.ResultsThere were 130 sialendoscopies performed on 116 patients. Of these, 24 patients were excluded due to subsequent surgery. Thus, 92 patients were eligible, of whom 80 responded, giving an 87% response rate. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory score had a predicted overall mean of 13.4 (95% confidence interval: 9.9 to 17.2). Significant positive outcomes by multiple regression were the presence of stones (P = 0.015) and examination of the parotid gland (P = 0.041).ConclusionsOverall, there is a significant patient‐perceived benefit from sialendoscopy, which is comparable to the benefit from tonsillectomy. The benefit is significantly higher if stones are found than not and for examination of the parotid gland as compared to the submandibular gland.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1874–1878, 2015