bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of aripiprazole augmentation in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder: A subgroup analysis and Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression item analyses of the Aripiprazole Depression Multicenter Efficacy study
Authors: Ozaki Norio , Otsubo Tempei , Kato Masaki , Higuchi Teruhiko , Ono Hiroaki , Kamijima Kunitoshi ,   ADMIRE Study Group
Published: June 2014

AimResults from this randomized, placebo‐controlled study of aripiprazole augmentation to antidepressant therapy (ADT) in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (the Aripiprazole Depression Multicenter Efficacy [ADMIRE] study) revealed that aripiprazole augmentation was superior to ADT alone and was well tolerated. In subgroup analyses, we investigated the influence of demographic‐ and disease‐related factors on the observed responses. We also examined how individual symptom improvement was related to overall improvement in MDD.MethodsData from the ADMIRE study were analyzed. Subgroup analyses were performed on the primary outcome measures: the mean change in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from the end of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) treatment to the end of the randomized treatment.ResultsChanges in the MADRS total scores were consistently greater with aripiprazole than placebo in each of the subgroups. Efficacy was not related to sex, age, number of adequate ADT trials in the current episode, MDD diagnosis, number of depressive episodes, duration of the current episode, age at first depressive episode, time since the first depressive episode, type of SSRI/SNRI, or severity at the end of SSRI/SNRI treatment phase. Compared to placebo, aripiprazole resulted in significant and rapid improvement on seven of the 10 MADRS items, including sadness.ConclusionThese post‐hoc analyses indicated that aripiprazole was effective for a variety of Japanese patients with MDD who had exhibited inadequate responses to ADT. Additionally, we suggest that aripiprazole significantly and rapidly improved the core depressive symptoms.
Comparative profile of circulating antigenic peptides in CSF, serum & urine from patients with neurocysticercosis diagnosed by immunoblotting
Authors: Sahu P. S. , Parija S. , Kumar D. , Jayachandran S. , Narayan S. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTraditionally serum and/or CSF specimens have been used for detection of either specific antibodies or antigens as a supportive diagnosis of NCC. However, in recent days, much interest has been shown employing noninvasive specimens such as urine. In our study, we identified and compared a profile of circulating antigenic peptides of parasite origin in three different body fluids (CSF, serum and urine) obtained from confirmed NCC cases and control subjects. The circulating antigenic peptides were resolved by SDS‐PAGE and subjected to immunoblotting. For confirmation of their origin as parasite somatic or excretory secretory (ES) material, immunoreactivity was tested employing affinity purified polyclonal Taenia solium metacestode anti‐somatic or ES antibodies, respectively. Only lower molecular weight antigenic peptides were found circulating in urine in contrast to serum and CSF specimens. Few somatic peptides were identified to be 100% specific for NCC (19·5 kDa in all three specimens; 131, 70 kDa in CSF and serum only; 128 kDa in CSF only). Similarly, the specific ES peptides detected were 32 kDa (in all three specimens), 16·5 kDa (in serum and CSF only), and 15 kDa (urine only). A test format detecting either one or more of these specific peptides would enhance the sensitivity in diagnosis of NCC.
Autoantibodies Response to MDM2 and p53 in the Immunodiagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chai Y. , Peng B. , Dai L. , Qian W. , Zhang Y. , Zhang J.‐Y. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is known to be overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. As one of E3 ubiquitin–protein ligases, MDM2 interacts with the tumour suppressor p53 by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Since abnormally expressed proteins can induce autoimmune response, to further examine whether sera from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) exhibited immunoreactivity against MDM2 and p53, autoantibody responses to MDM2 and p53 were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from patients with ESCC and normal individuals. Positive results were also confirmed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results demonstrated that the positive rate of autoantibody against p53 and MDM2 in ESCC sera was 22.9% (36/157) and 14.0% (22/157), whereas this rate was 0% (0/85) and 1.2% (1/85), respectively, in normal individuals. Some of the sera with antibodies specific for MDM2 also contained antibodies against p53. And there was an increase of positive antibody reactions reaching a frequency of 35% (55/157) combination with MDM2 and p53. This was significantly higher than the frequency of antibodies in normal individuals (P < 0.01). Our preliminary results suggest that autoantibodies against MDM2 and p53 may be useful serum biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of ESCC.
Spin90 Deficiency Increases CXCL13‐Mediated B Cell Migration
Authors: Park S.‐H. , Kim H.‐R. , Jun C.‐D. , Song W. K. , Park S.‐G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSPIN90 regulates actin dynamics, which is important for cell migration control. CXCL13‐mediated B cell migration is essential for B cell immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of SPIN90 in CXCL13‐mediated B cell migration using Spin90 gene‐deficient mice. Our chemokinesis analysis and transwell cell migration assay showed that SPIN90 is involved in CXCL13‐mediated B cell migration. Moreover, the level of CXCR5, which is CXCL13 receptor, was increased in SPIN90‐deficient B cells compared with wild‐type B cells. Overall, our data suggest that SPIN90 plays an important role in B cell immune responses through the regulation of CXCL13‐mediated B cell migration.
Interferon and Interferon‐Inducible Gene Activation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Panarina M. , Kisand K. , Alnek K. , Heilman K. , Peet A. , Uibo R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Enteroviruses have been mentioned as the most probable induction component of the disease. Nevertheless, the literature is controversial regarding the association of T1D with viral infection and first‐line antiviral defence components, for example type I interferons (IFNs). Our aim was to test the hypothesis that an abnormality in IFN‐stimulated gene patterns may cause a failure in immunological tolerance and, thereby, initiate T1D as an autoimmune disorder. We studied material from 64 T1D and 36 control subjects, divided into two age groups: <10 years and ≥10 years old. Using a relative gene expression method, we observed a lower expression of interferon‐induced helicase 1 (IFIH1) and other type I IFN‐induced genes in the blood cells of T1D subjects, especially subjects under 10 years old, in spite of their higher IFN levels as measured by the pSTAT1‐inducing capacity of their sera. Likewise, freshly purified CpG‐stimulated cells from T1D patients showed significantly lower upregulation of IFN‐induced genes, that is IFIH1 and CXCL10, compared to cells from the control group. The identified dysregulation in the IFN‐α‐induced antiviral response in T1D patients, especially in early childhood, could be one of the factors affecting T1D development.
Antibiotic Treatment of Pregnant Non‐Obese Diabetic Mice Leads to Altered Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Immunological Changes in the Offspring
Authors: Tormo‐Badia N. , Håkansson Å. , Vasudevan K. , Molin G. , Ahrné S. , Cilio C. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe intestinal microbiota is important for tolerance induction through mucosal immunological responses. The composition of the gut microbiota of an infant is affected by environmental factors such as diet, disease and antibiotic treatment. However, already in utero, these environmental factors can affect the immunological development of the foetus and influence the future gut microbiota of the infant. To investigate the effects of antibiotic treatment of pregnant mothers on the offspring's gut microbiome and diabetes development, we treated non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice with a cocktail of antibiotics during gestation and the composition of the gut microbiota, diabetes incidence and major gut‐related T lymphocyte populations were investigated in the offspring. We observed a persistent reduction in the general diversity of the gut microbiota in the offspring from NOD mothers treated with antibiotics during gestation compared with offspring from control mothers. In addition, by clustering the present bacterial taxa with principal component analysis, we found a differential clustering of gut microbiota in the offspring from NOD mothers treated with antibiotics during gestation compared with offspring from control mothers. Offspring from NOD mothers treated with antibiotics during gestation also showed some immunological alterations in the gut immune system, which could be related to the diversity of the gut microbiome and influence modulation of diabetes development at 20 weeks. Our data point out maternal derangement of the intestinal microbiota as a potential environmental risk factor for T1D development.
TRPV2 in the Development of Experimental Colitis
Authors: Issa C. M. , Hambly B. D. , Wang Y. , Maleki S. , Wang W. , Fei J. , Bao S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractColitis is still a significant disease challenge in humans, but its underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channel plays an important pathological role in host immunity, as deficiency of TRPV compromises host defence in vivo and in vitro. Using a DSS‐induced colitis mouse model, the function of TRPV2 in the development of colitis was investigated, utilizing TRPV2−/− and Wt mice. Less severe colitis was observed in TRPV2−/−, compared to that of Wt mice, at the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical levels. Compared to Wt mice, reduced severity of colitis in TRPV2−/− mice may be due to less intestinal inflammation via reduced recruitment of macrophages. The TRPV2 pathway contributes to the development of colitis. These data provide useful information for potential therapeutic intervention in colitis patients.
50th Anniversary Article: Comparison Studies of Full Wavefield Signal Processing for Crack Detection
Authors: Ostachowicz W. , Radzieński M. , Kudela P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe signals acquired by measurements of elastic wave propagation have been used for damage detection since the 1970s. The measurements have been carried out mostly by using piezoelectric transducers of various types. Many different sensor configurations and data processing have been proposed to detect and localise structural defects, both for real‐time and off‐line testing.Nevertheless, in the last decade, significant progress in the measurement techniques such as scanning laser Doppler vibrometry and shearographic interferometry has been made. These techniques enable measurement of a full wavefield of elastic waves. This opens up new possibilities and solutions for the problems of the damage detection in structures. Many researchers successfully applied this type of measurements for the damage detection and localisation in thin‐walled structures. Moreover, advanced signal processing techniques, such as wavenumber filtering, give the possibility of damage size estimation, by filling the gap between damage detection and damage prognosis.The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of methods used for the full wavefield measurement. It also describes and compares selected signal processing algorithms developed for damage detection and visualisation based on these measuring techniques. Criticism aspects, as well as advantages of each algorithm, are denoted based on the authors' expertise in the field.
Severe infections requiring intensive care unit admission in kidney transplant recipients: impact on graft outcome
Authors: Bige N. , Zafrani L. , Lambert J. , Peraldi M.‐N. , Snanoudj R. , Reuter D. , Legendre C. , Chevret S. , Lemiale V. , Schlemmer B. , Azoulay E. , Canet E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients are at risk for life‐threatening infections, which may affect the long‐term prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively included all kidney transplant recipients admitted for sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the Saint‐Louis Hospital, Paris, France, between 2000 and 2010. The main objective was to identify factors associated with survival without graft impairment 90 days after ICU discharge.ResultsData were available for 83 of 100 eligible patients. The main sites of infection were the lungs (54%), urinary tract (24%), and bloodstream (22%). Among documented infections (55/83), 80% were bacterial. Fungal infections were more common among patients transplanted after 2005 (5% vs. 23%, P = 0.02). Mechanical ventilation was used in 46 (56%) patients, vasopressors in 39 (47%), and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 34 (41%). In‐hospital and day‐90 mortality rates were 20% and 22%, respectively. On day 90, among the 65 survivors, 39 (47%) had recovered their previous graft function and 26 (31%) had impaired graft function, including 16 (19%) who were dependent on RRT. Factors independently associated with day‐90 survival and graft function recovery were baseline serum creatinine (odds ratio [OR] for a 10 μmol/L increase 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.00) and cyclosporine therapy (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.79).ConclusionSepsis was chiefly related to bacterial pneumonia or urinary tract infection. Pneumocystis jirovecii was the leading opportunistic agent, with a trend toward an increase over time. Infections often induced severe graft function impairment. Baseline creatinine and cyclosporine therapy independently predicted the outcome.
Gordonia terrae kidney graft abscess in a renal transplant patient
Authors: Nicodemo A.C. , Odongo F.C.A. , Doi A.M. , Sampaio J.L.M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present the first report, to our knowledge, of a renal abscess cause by an infection from Gordonia terrae in a kidney transplant patient. The patient simultaneously had pulmonary tuberculosis and a perirenal allograft abscess caused by G. terrae. After treatment with imipenem, in addition to anti‐tuberculous drugs, the patient was cured.
Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pulmonary nodule with late relapse
Authors: Ronkainen S. , Xie Y. , Battiwalla M. , Barrett A.J. , Stock F. , Dekker J.P. , Danner R.L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLung nodules are common diagnostic challenges in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a known cause of lung abscess in these patients, but its ability to persist for months in a quiescent lung nodule and later cause recurrent infection is not well known or documented. A patient with a history of acute pre‐B‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia had enlargement and cavitation of a small right upper lobe pulmonary nodule 10 months after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The nodule was the remnant of a presumed P. aeruginosa septic embolus that occurred 2.5 months after transplantation. With antibiotic treatment, the nodule had shrunk in size to <1 cm and remained stable. Transthoracic needle aspiration grew P. aeruginosa indistinguishable by molecular typing from isolates obtained 7.5 months earlier from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sub‐centimeter pulmonary nodules attributable to previously treated P. aeruginosa may harbor viable organisms and lead to recrudescent infection.
Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks
Authors: Rodriguez Alex , Laio Alessandro 
Published: June 2014

Discerning clusters of data points
Cluster analysis is used in many disciplines to group objects according to a defined measure of distance. Numerous algorithms exist, some based on the analysis of the local density of data points, and others on predefined probability distributions. Rodriguez and Laio devised a method in which the cluster centers are recognized as local density maxima that are far away from any points of higher density. The algorithm depends only on the relative densities rather than their absolute values. The authors tested the method on a series of data sets, and its performance compared favorably to that of established techniques.

Science
, this issue p.
1492
Observing liquid flow in nanotubes by 4D electron microscopy
Authors: Lorenz Ulrich J. , Zewail Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2014

Watching lead flow at the nanoscale
Microfluidic devices have recently become useful in commercial chemical synthesis. But what about fluid dynamics at the nanometer scale? Lorenz and Zewail used an electron microscope with nanosecond time resolution to capture images of molten lead flowing through a nanotube. They flash-melted the metal with a laser pulse to begin their flow measurements at a precise time point. The experiments offered insights into viscous friction as well as heat-transfer dynamics in a channel one-thousandth as wide as a strand of hair.

Science
, this issue p.
1496
Type I Interferon Mimetics Bypass Vaccinia Virus Decoy Receptor Virulence Factor for Protection of Mice against Lethal Infection
Authors: Ahmed Chulbul M. , Johnson Howard M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe canonical model of interferon (IFN) signaling focuses solely on the activation of STAT transcription factors which, according to the model, are initiated by the singular event of cross-linkage of the receptor extracellular domain by the IFN. The IFN has no further function beyond this. The model thus provides no approach to circumventing poxviruses decoy receptors that compete with the IFN receptors for IFNs. This simple event has allowed smallpox virus to decimate human populations throughout the ages. We have developed a noncanonical model of IFN signaling that has resulted in the development of small peptide mimetics to both types I and II IFNs. In this report, we focus on a type I IFN mimetic at positions 152 to 189, IFN-α1(152–189), which corresponds to the C terminus of human IFN-α1. This mimetic functions intracellularly and is thus not recognized by the B18R vaccinia virus decoy receptor. Mimetic synthesized with an attached palmitate (lipo-) for cell penetration protects mice from a lethal dose of vaccinia virus, while the parent IFN-α1 is ineffective. Unlike IFN-α1, the mimetic does not bind to the B18R decoy receptor. It further differs from the parent IFN in that it lacks the toxicity of weight loss and bone marrow suppression in mice while at the same time possessing a strong adjuvant effect on the immune system. The mimetic is thus an innate and adaptive immune regulator that is evidence of the dynamic nature of the noncanonical model of IFN signaling, in stark contrast to the canonical or classical model of signaling.
Association between Indoor Environmental Contamination by Salmonella enterica and Contamination of Eggs on Layer Farms
Authors: Gole Vaibhav C. , Torok Valeria , Sexton Margaret , Caraguel Charles G. B. , Chousalkar Kapil K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

This study involves longitudinal and point-in-time surveys of
Salmonella
carriage and environmental contamination on two commercial cage layer farms positive for
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium (flock A age, 32 weeks; flock B age, 34 weeks).
Salmonella
-positive fecal, egg belt, and dust samples were all unconditionally associated with eggshells testing positive for
Salmonella
. The odds of an eggshell testing positive for
Salmonella
were 91.8, 61.5, and 18.2 times higher when fecal, egg belt, and dust samples, respectively, tested positive for
Salmonella
. The agreement between the culture-based methods and real-time PCR on preenriched broths for detecting
Salmonella
was almost perfect for eggshell (observed agreement, 99.19%; kappa coefficient, 0.94) and egg belt samples (observed agreement, 95%; kappa coefficient, 0.88), and it was substantial for fecal (observed agreement, 87.14%; kappa coefficient, 0.47) and floor dust samples (observed agreement, 80.61%; kappa coefficient, 0.58). A 1-log increase in the load of
Salmonella
detected in the fecal, egg belt, and floor dust samples resulted in 35%, 43%, and 45% increases, respectively (
P
< 0.001), in the odds of an eggshell testing positive for
Salmonella
. The multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) patterns of the
S
. Typhimurium strains isolated from flock A were distinct from those of flock B.
S
. Typhimurium strains detected from human food poisoning cases exhibited an MLVA pattern similar to those of the strains isolated from flocks A and B.
Microevolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei during an Acute Infection
Authors: Limmathurotsakul Direk , Holden Matthew T. G. , Coupland Paul , Price Erin P. , Chantratita Narisara , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Amornchai Premjit , Parkhill Julian , Peacock Sharon J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We used whole-genome sequencing to evaluate 69 independent colonies of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
isolated from seven body sites of a patient with acute disseminated melioidosis. Fourteen closely related genotypes were found, providing evidence for the rapid
in vivo
diversification of
B. pseudomallei
after inoculation and systemic spread.
Predicting the Impact of CD8+T Cell Polyfunctionality on HIV Disease Progression
Authors: Graw Frederik , Regoes Roland R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDuring the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection, polyfunctional CD8+T cell responses, which are characterized by a high frequency of cells able to secrete multiple cytokines simultaneously, are associated with lower virus loads and slower disease progression. This relationship may arise for different reasons. Polyfunctional responses may simply be stronger. Alternatively, it could be that the increased functional diversity in polyfunctional responses leads to lower virus loads and slower disease progression. Lastly, polyfunctional responses could contain more CD8+T cells that mediate a specific key function that is primarily responsible for viral control. Disentangling the influences of overall strength, functional diversity, and specific function on viral control and disease progression is very relevant for the rational design of vaccines and immunotherapy using cellular immune responses. We developed a mathematical model to study how polyfunctional CD8+T cell responses mediating lytic and nonlytic effector functions affect the CD4+T cell count and plasma viral load. We based our model onin vitrodata on the efficacy of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β)/RANTES against HIV. We find that the strength of the response is a good predictor of disease progression, while functional diversity has only a minor influence. In addition, our model predicts for realistic levels of cytotoxicity that immune responses dominated by nonlytic effector functions most positively influence disease outcome.IMPORTANCEIt is an open question in HIV research why polyfunctional CD8+T cell responses are associated with better viral control, while individual functional correlates of protection have not been identified so far. Identifying the role of CD8+T cells in HIV-1 infection has important implications for the potential development of effective T cell-based vaccines. Our analysis provides new ways to think about a causative role of CD8+T cells by studying different hypotheses regarding why polyfunctional CD8+T cells might be more advantageous. We identify measurements that have to be obtained in order to evaluate the role of CD8+T cells in HIV-1 infection. In addition, our method shows how individual cell functionality data can be used in population-based virus dynamics models.