bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA2: The molecular basis of tumor immunogenicity.
Authors: Schreiber Robert D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cancer Immunoediting is the process by which the immune system controls and shapes cancer. We originally envisaged that cancer immunoediting would occur in three phases: Elimination (also known as cancer immunosurveillance, the host protective phase of the process), Equilibrium (the phase in which tumor cells that survive immune elimination remain under immunologic growth control resulting in a state of functional tumor dormancy) and Escape (the phase where clinically apparent tumors emerge because immune sculpting of the tumor cells has produced variants that display either reduced immunogenicity or enhanced immunosuppressive activity). Strong experimental data has now been obtained using mouse models of cancer to demonstrate the existence of each phase of the cancer immunoediting process and compelling clinical data suggests that a similar process may also occur during the evolution of certain types of human cancer. Our efforts now focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie each phase of cancer immunoediting and identifying the critical checkpoints that regulate progression from one phase of the process to the next. This approach has helped identify the nature of antigens seen by immunity in nascent developing cancers and has further shown that immunoselection is a major mechanism of immunoediting. Moreover, we have found that edited tumors can still be controlled by the immune system if natural mechanisms that prevent autoimmunity are suspended. As reported by others, we have confirmed that inhibition of CTLA-4 induces ejection of edited MCA sarcomas. However, we have also found that inhibition of PD-L1 does the same, although by perhaps different mechanisms. These differences will be discussed.
Citation Format: Robert D. Schreiber. The molecular basis of tumor immunogenicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA2.
Optimal duration of anticoagulation
Authors: Barbar Sofia , Milan Marta , Campello Elena , Spiezia Luca , Piovella Chiara , Pesavento Raffaele , Prandoni Paolo 
Published: August 2014

SummaryOnce anticoagulation is stopped, the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) over years after a first episode is consistently around 30%. This risk is higher in patients with unprovoked than in those with (transient) provoked VTE, and among the latter in patients with medical than in those with surgical risk factors. Baseline parameters that have been found to be related to the risk of recurrent VTE are the proximal location of deep-vein thrombosis, obesity, old age, male sex and non-0 blood group, whereas the role of inherited thrombophilia is controversial. The persistence of residual vein thrombosis at ultrasound assessment has consistently been shown to increase the risk, as do persistently high values of D-dimer and the early development of the post-thrombotic syndrome. Although the latest international guidelines suggest indefinite anticoagulation for most patients with the first episode of unprovoked VTE, strategies that incorporate the assessment of residual vein thrombosis and D-dimer have the potential to identify subjects in whom anticoagulation can be safely discontinued. Moreover, new opportunities are offered by a few emerging anti-Xa and anti-IIa oral compounds, which are likely to induce fewer haemorrhagic complications than vitamin K antagonists while preserving the same effectiveness; and by low-dose aspirin, which has the potential to prevent the occurrence of both venous and arterial thrombotic events.
Characteristics of 50–200-m Winds and Temperatures Derived from an Iowa Tall-Tower Network
Authors: Walton Renee A. , Takle Eugene S. , Gallus William A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLimitations in skill of wind speed forecasts lead to conservative bids of wind-plant production in the day-ahead energy market and usually to an underutilization of wind resources. Improvements are needed in understanding wind characteristics in the turbine-rotor layer (40–120 m) for developing refined forecast models. The seasonal and diurnal behavior of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature were analyzed from data taken on five tall meteorological towers across Iowa. Several significant high-shear events, which would have the potential to cause problems by inducing substantial stress on the infrastructure of the wind turbine, were observed, with vertical shear up to 15 m s−1 accompanied by 30° of directional shear between 50 and 200 m. These events exhibited supergeostrophic wind speeds by 50% through the night followed by a collapse of shear through midday, indicating the influence of an inertial oscillation.
Terrain-Induced Turbulence Intensity during Tropical Cyclone Passage as Determined from Airborne, Ground-Based, and Remote Sensing Sources
Authors: Hon Kai-Kwong , Chan Pak-Wai 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLow-level turbulence [rapid headwind fluctuations below 1600 ft (500 m)] poses potential safety hazards to landing/departing aircraft and is capable of disrupting air traffic. Timely, accurate alerts of low-level turbulence require reliable determination of its intensity, quantified by an internationally adopted aircraft-independent metric [cube root of the eddy dissipation rate (EDR1/3)], which cannot be directly measured but only inferred from observational data. In this paper, a large-scale survey of terrain-induced low-level turbulence intensity around the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) during tropical cyclone (TC) passage is presented, utilizing EDR1/3 values determined from multiple remote sensing and in situ sources, including the scanning Doppler lidar, the terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR), a high-resolution anemometer, and the operational Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS) at HKIA. Over a 18 720-min study period spanning five TC cases between 2010 and 2012, ground-based EDR1/3 was computed using a variety of first-principle and empirical methods and was shown to demonstrate a strong linear correlation with airborne values determined from quick access recorder (QAR) data of over 350 landing flights. Spatiotemporal features as experienced on board aircraft were also reproduced by the lidar- and TDWR-derived profiles. Positive skill could be extracted from threshold-based alerting of low-level turbulence events by considering each ground-based source individually, while a combination of lidar and TDWR alerts demonstrated enhanced performance and hence the potential value of complementary surveillance under clear-air and in rain conditions. This study serves to establish the ability of ground-based instruments in correlating with airborne EDR1/3 and the performance of threshold-based alerting algorithms for turbulence events, contributing toward improvements in turbulence-alerting techniques for the aviation community.
Longitudinal Voice Outcomes Following Laryngeal Reinnervation Via Vagus-to-Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Anastomosis After Vagal Nerve Sacrifice
Authors: Ward Greg M. , Sauder Cara , Olson Garth T. , Nuara Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: This study aimed to describe longitudinal voice outcomes of vagus-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis following operative vagal nerve sacrifice. Methods: Two patients who underwent anastomosis were assessed by a multidisciplinary voice team at 1, 4, 9, 12, and 18 months after vagal sacrifice. Results: Long-term changes in voice function based on auditory perceptual measures of voice quality and visual perceptual changes in glottal closure were observed and maintained for 18 months after vagus-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis in 2 patients with proximal vagal nerve sacrifice. Patients achieved acceptable voice outcomes and elected not to undergo further treatment, which was supported by Voice Handicap Index scores. Conclusion: Gradual restoration of voice following operative vagal sacrifice can be achieved over an 18-month period using vagus-to-recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis and warrants further investigation in appropriately selected patients.
Twelve-month prevalence and predictors of self-reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Korean adolescents in a web-based nationwide survey
Authors: Kang Eun-Ho , Hyun Min Kyung , Choi Seong Mi , Kim Ji-Min , Kim Gyung-Mee , Woo Jong-Min 
Published: August 2014

Objective: The suicide rate in South Korea was the highest among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2011. Although the suicide rate in adolescents is lower than that of adults and is reported to be decreasing in young males in some countries, it has consistently increased in recent years in South Korea. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of suicidal ideation and attempt in the past 12 months. Methods: A total sample of 72,623 adolescents aged 12–18 years who responded to a web-based anonymous self-reported survey between September and October 2010 was used for the analysis. Results: The suicidal ideation and suicide attempt rates were 19.1% and 4.9%, respectively. Being female, having a poor perceived socioeconomic status and a poor perceived academic performance, subjective feelings of depression, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, perceived general medical health, and experiences of any involvement with sexual intercourse were the contributing factors that predicted elevated risks for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. In contrast to previous reports in other countries, the suicide attempt rate in Korean female adolescents peaked at age 13 years, and there were no differences in suicidal ideation in females by age. There were no differences in both suicidal ideation and attempt rates in males by age. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach that takes into consideration the characteristics of Korean adolescents with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt is warranted for developing prevention and treatment programs.
Genetic polymorphisms in preoperative myocardial infarction
Authors: Senol Sefa , Es Mehmet Ugur , Gokmen Gökhan , Ercin Ozlem , Tuylu Berrin Ayaz , Kargun Kursat 
Published: August 2014

Objective This study compared plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation before undergoing to coronary artery bypass grafting, and in patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. Method Seventy patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting, were included in the study group, and 70 patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were included in the control group. Genetic polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results Our data showed that there were no significant differences in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms or allele frequencies between the 2 groups. Conclusion Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were not associated risk factors in patients who had myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and planned to have coronary artery bypass grafting.
Stability study of carboplatin infusion solutions in 0.9% sodium chloride in polyvinyl chloride bags
Authors: Myers Alan L , Zhang Yang-Ping , Kawedia Jitesh D , Trinh Van A , Tran Huyentran , Smith Judith A , Kramer Mark A 
Published: August 2014

Background and purpose Carboplatin is a platinum-containing compound with efficacy against various malignancies. The physico-chemical stability of carboplatin in dextrose 5% water (D5W) has been thoroughly studied; however, there is a paucity of stability data in clinically relevant 0.9% sodium chloride infusion solutions. The manufacturer’s limited stability data in sodium chloride solutions hampers the flexibility of carboplatin usage in oncology patients. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the physical and chemical stability of carboplatin–sodium chloride intravenous solutions under different storage conditions. Methods The physico-chemical stability of 0.5 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL, and 4.0 mg/mL carboplatin–sodium chloride solutions prepared in polyvinyl chloride bags was determined following storage at room temperature under ambient fluorescent light and under refrigeration in the dark. Concentrations of carboplatin were measured at predetermined time points up to seven days using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results All tested solutions were found physically stable for at least seven days. The greatest chemical stability was observed under refrigerated storage conditions. At 4℃, all tested solutions were found chemically stable for at least seven days, with nominal losses of ≤6%. Following storage at room temperature exposed to normal fluorescent light, the chemical stability of 0.5 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL, and 4.0 mg/mL solutions was three days, five days, and seven days, respectively. Conclusion The extended physico-chemical stability of carboplatin prepared in sodium chloride reported herein permits advance preparation of these admixtures, facilitating pharmacy utility and operations. Since no antibacterial preservative is contained within these carboplatin solutions, we recommend storage, when prepared under specified aseptic conditions, no greater than 24 h at room temperature or three days under refrigeration.
The perception and production of language-specific mid-vowel contrasts: Shifting the focus to the bilingual individual in early language input conditions
Authors: Amengual Mark 
Published: August 2014

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study investigates the perception and production of the Catalan mid-vowel contrasts by 60 early Spanish-Catalan bilinguals addressing the following questions: (1) what are the effects of language dominance in the production and perception of the Catalan midvowels? (2) Does the perceptual deficit attributed in Barcelona remain in Majorca? (3) Do these bilinguals maintain the mid-vowel contrasts in production? And (4) what is the relationship between the perception and production of the mid-vowel contrasts within each bilingual individual? Design/Methodology/Approach: Participants completed categorical AXB discrimination and picture-naming tasks to examine their perception and production of the Catalan mid-vowel contrasts. Data and Analysis: The perception data consisted of 8,640 responses and the production dataset comprised 9,585 acoustic measurements that were submitted to mixed-model ANOVAs. Individual variation was explored by calculating the Euclidean distance between the mid-vowel categories for each speaker and exploring correlations with their accuracy rates in the perception task. Findings/Conclusions: The results indicate that mid-vowels are more susceptible to discrimination difficulties than other vowel contrasts. Even though these bilinguals overall maintain robust midvowel contrasts in their productions, a closer examination reveals that the degree of language dominance affects the acoustic distance maintained between the mid-vowel targets. Individuals that produced the mid-vowels with smaller Euclidean distances were more likely to have a higher error rate in the perception task than bilinguals who produced a more robust contrast. Originality: This study examines both mid-vowel contrasts in a variety of Catalan that has been reported to maintain robust mid-vowel contrasts in comparison to the acquisition deficit described in Barcelona, and explores the relationship between the production and perception abilities of each bilingual individual along a continuum of language dominance. Significance/Implications: This study contributes with new data to the study of language dominance and the relationship between the production and perception abilities of early and highly proficient bilinguals.
Swarm: A constellation to study the Earth’s magnetic field
Authors: Friis-Christensen E. , Lühr H. , Hulot G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Swarm mission was selected as the 5th mission in ESA’s Earth Explorer Programme in 2004. The mission will provide the best ever survey of the geomagnetic field and its temporal evolution that will lead to new insights into the Earth system by improving our understanding of the Earth’s interior and its effect on Geospace, the vast region around the Earth where electrodynamic processes are influenced by the Earth’s magnetic field. Scheduled for launch in 2010, the mission will comprise a constellation of three satellites, with two spacecraft flying sideby- side at lower altitude (450 km initial altitude), thereby measuring the East-West gradient of the magnetic field, and the third one flying at higher altitude (530 km). High-precision and high-resolution measurements of the strength, direction and variation of the magnetic field, complemented by precise navigation, accelerometer and electric field measurements, will provide the necessary observations that are required to separate and model the various sources of the geomagnetic field. This results in a unique “view” inside the Earth from space to study the composition and processes of its interior. It also allows analysing the Sun’s influence within the Earth system. In addition practical applications in many different areas, such as space weather, radiation hazards, navigation and resource management, will benefit from the Swarm concept.
Using a neural network to make operational forecasts of ionospheric variations and storms at Kokubunji, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Maho I. , Maruyama Takashi , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An operational model was developed for forecasting ionospheric variations and storms at Kokubunji (35⊙N, 139⊙E), 24 hours in advance, by using a neural network. The ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) shows periodic variabilities from days to the solar cycle length and also shows sporadic changes known as ionospheric storms caused by geomagnetic storms (of solar disturbance origin). The neural network was trained for the target parameter of foF2 at each local time and input parameters of solar flux, sunspot number, day of the year, Kindex at Kakioka. The training was conducted using the data obtained for the period from 1960 to 1984. The method was validated for the period from 1985 to 2003. The trained network can be used for daily forecasting ionospheric variations including storms using prompt daily reports of K-index, sunspot number, and solar flux values available on-line.
Is the Ryukyu subduction zone in Japan coupled or decoupled? —The necessity of seafloor crustal deformation observation
Authors: Ando Masataka , Nakamura Mamoru , Matsumoto Takeshi , Furukawa Masahide , Tadokoro Keiichi , Furumoto Muneyoshi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of M
w 9.3 occurred in a region where a giant earthquake seemed unlikely from the point of view of tectonics. This clearly implies that our current understanding of strain accumulation processes of large earthquakes at subduction zones needs to be reexamined. The Ryukyu subduction zone is one such zone since no large earthquake has been anticipated there for reasons similar those pertaining to the Sumatra-Andaman arc. Based on our analysis of historical earthquakes, plate motion, back-arc spreading, and GPS observation along the Ryukyu trench, we highly recommend monitoring seafloor crustal deformation along this trench to clarify whether a large earthquake (M
w>8) could potentially occur there in the future.
Riding the saddle point: asymptotics of the capacity-achieving simple decoder for bias-based traitor tracing
Authors: Ibrahimi Sarah , Škorić Boris , Oosterwijk Jan-Jaap 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We study the asymptotic-capacity-achieving score function that was recently proposed by Oosterwijk et al. for bias-based traitor tracing codes. For the bias function, we choose the Dirichlet distribution with a cutoff. Using Bernstein’s inequality and Bennett’s inequality, we upper bound the false-positive and false-negative error probabilities. From these bounds we derive sufficient conditions for the scheme parameters. We solve these conditions in the limit of large coalition size c
0 and obtain asymptotic solutions for the cutoff, the sufficient code length, and the corresponding accusation threshold. We find that the code length converges to its asymptote approximately as

c

0

−
1
/
2

, which is faster than the

c

0

−
1
/
3

of Tardos’ score function.

MSC

94B60
Loss of Blast Heterogeneity in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Other Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Jevremovic Dragan , Timm Michael M. , Reichard Kaaren K. , Morice William G. , Hanson Curtis A. , Viswanatha David S. , Howard Matthew T. , Nguyen Phuong L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Flow cytometry immunophenotyping has been suggested as an adjunctive technique in the evaluation of myeloid malignancies, especially in the myelodysplastic syndromes. However, its use has been limited due to complexity and cost restraints. The goal of this study is to attempt a simpler approach to flow cytometry immunophenotyping in myeloid neoplasms.

Methods:
We analyzed bone marrow specimens of 45 selected patients and an additional 99 consecutive random patients using a limited antibody panel.

Results:
Normal CD34-positive blasts show a characteristic pattern of CD13/HLA-DR expression, with three readily identifiable subpopulations. In contrast, myeloid neoplasms frequently show loss of this heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
Analysis of a limited antibody panel with a focus on CD13/HLA-DR expression provides relatively high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of myeloid neoplasms.
Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of Uhl anomaly
Authors: Uozumi Tomonobu , Fujita Yasuyuki , Tsukimori Kiyomi , Fusazaki Naoki , Nakano Toshihide , Kado Hideaki , Chinen Yukiko , Kamitomo Masato , Nishibatake Makoto , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Uhl anomaly is an extremely rare condition, and herein, we present a case of prenatally diagnosed Uhl anomaly to illustrate the associated echocardiographic features. Fetal echocardiography at 26 weeks indicated an enlarged right ventricle, severe tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation, and ruptured ventricular septal aneurysm, resulting in a circular shunt. At 36 weeks, based on the presence of a thin ventricular wall and absence of apical trabeculation, a diagnosis of Uhl anomaly was made. The neonate, delivered by cesarean section, underwent main pulmonary artery ligation to eliminate the circular shunt immediately after birth. Moreover, he underwent ductus arteriosus ligation and received a pulmonary artery to aorta shunt for progressive lung congestion. He is currently well and awaiting a staged Fontan operation involving a bidirectional Glenn procedure. Understanding and accurate prenatal diagnoses of Uhl anomaly may help in parental counseling, planning appropriate perinatal care, and increasing the chances of survival.