bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of multi-junction solar cells by spatially resolved electroluminescence microscopy
Authors: Kong Lijing , Wu Zhiming , Chen Shanshan , Cao Yiyan , Zhang Yong , Li Heng , Kang Junyong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An electroluminescence microscopy combined with a spectroscopy was developed to visually analyze multi-junction solar cells. Triple-junction solar cells with different conversion efficiencies were characterized by using this system. The results showed that the mechanical damages and material defects in solar cells can be clearly distinguished, indicating a high-resolution imaging. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements demonstrated that different types of defects or damages impacted cell performance in various degrees and the electric leakage mostly degraded the EQE. Meanwhile, we analyzed the relationship between electroluminescence intensity and short-circuit current density J
SC. The results indicated that the gray value of the electroluminescence image corresponding to the intensity was almost proportional to J
SC. This technology provides a potential way to evaluate the current matching status of multi-junction solar cells.
Impact of program/erase operation on the performances of oxide-based resistive switching memory
Authors: Wang Guoming , Long Shibing , Yu Zhaoan , Zhang Meiyun , Li Yang , Xu Dinglin , Lv Hangbing , Liu Qi , Yan Xiaobing , Wang Ming , Xu Xiaoxin , Liu Hongtao , Yang Baohe , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Further performance improvement is necessary for resistive random access memory (RRAM) to realize its commercialization. In this work, a novel pulse operation method is proposed to improve the performance of RRAM based on Ti/HfO2/Pt structure. In the DC voltage sweep of the RRAM device, the SET transition is abrupt under positive bias. If current sweep with positive bias is utilized in SET process, the SET switching will become gradual, so SET is current controlled. In the negative voltage sweep for RESET process, the change of current with applied voltage is gradual, so RESET is voltage controlled. Current sweep SET and voltage sweep RESET shows better controllability on the parameter variation. Considering the SET/RESET characteristics in DC sweep, in the corresponding pulse operation, the width and height of the pulse series can be adjusted to control the SET and RESET process, respectively. Our new method is different from the traditional pulse operation in which both the width and height of program/erase pulse are simply kept constant which would lead to unnecessary damage to the device. In our new method, in each program or erase operation, a series of pulses with the width/height gradually increased are made use of to fully finish the SET/RESET switching but no excessive stress is generated at the same time, so width/height-controlled accurate SET/RESET can be achieved. Through the operation, the uniformity and endurance of the RRAM device has been significantly improved.
Synthesis of copper micro-rods with layered nano-structure by thermal decomposition of the coordination complex Cu(BTA)2
Authors: Qu Botao , Lu Xinrong , Wu Yan , You Xiaozeng , Xu Xiangxing 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Porous metallic copper was successfully prepared by a simple thermal decomposition strategy. A coordination compound of Cu(BTA)2 with the morphology of micro-rod crystal was synthesized as the precursor. The precursor to copper transformation was performed and annealed at 600°C with the shape preserved. The copper micro-rods are assembled from unique thin lamellar layers, each with the thickness of approximately 200 nm and nano-pores of approximately 20 to 100 nm. This morphology is highly related to the crystal structure of the precursor. The mechanism of the morphology formation is proposed, which would be able to offer a guideline toward porous metals with controllable macro/micro/nano-structures by the precursor crystal growth and design.
Pseudo-backcrossing design for rapidly pyramiding multiple traits into a preferential rice variety
Authors: Ruengphayak Siriphat , Chaichumpoo Ekawat , Phromphan Supaporn , Kamolsukyunyong Wintai , Sukhaket Wissarut , Phuvanartnarubal Ekapol , Korinsak Siripar , Korinsak Siriporn , Vanavichit Apichart 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPyramiding multiple genes into a desirable genetic background can take years to accomplish. In this paper, a pseudo-backcrossing scheme was designed to shorten the backcrossing cycle needed. PinK3, an aromatic and potentially high-yielding rice variety—although one that is intolerant to flash flooding (Sub) and susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BB), leaf-neck blast (BL) and the brown planthopper (BPH)—was used as a genetic basis for significant improvements through gene pyramiding.ResultsFour resistance donors with five target genes (Sub1A-C, xa5, Xa21, TPSandSSIIa) and three QTLs (qBph3, qBL1 and qBL11) were backcrossed individually using markers into the pseudo-recurrent parent ‘PinK3’ via one cycle of backcrossing followed by two cycles of pseudo-backcrossing and three selfings with rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection. In total, 29 pseudo-backcross inbred lines (BILs) were developed. Genome composition was surveyed using 61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 35 of which were located on six carrier chromosomes, with the remainder located on six non-carrier chromosomes. The recurrent genome content (%RGC) and donor genome content (%DGC), which were based on the physical positions of BC1F2, ranged from 69.99 to 88.98% and 11.02 to 30.01%, respectively. For the pseudo-BC3F3BILs, the %RGC and %DGC ranged from 74.50 to 81.30% and 18.70 to 25.50%, respectively. These results indicated that without direct background selection, no further increases in %RGC were obtained during pseudo-backcrossing, whereas rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection tended to reduce linkage drag during pseudo-backcrossing. The evaluation of new traits in selected pseudo-BC3F3BILs indicated significant improvements in resistance to BB, BL, BPH and Sub compared with PinK3, as well as significant improvements in grain yield (21-68%) over the donors, although yield was 7-26% lower than in ‘PinK3’. All pyramided lines were aromatic and exhibited improved starch profiles, rendering them suitable for industrial food applications.ConclusionsResults show that our new pyramiding platform, which is based on marker-assisted pseudo-backcrossing, can fix five target genes and three QTLs into a high-yielding pseudo-recurrent background within seven breeding cycles in four years. This multiple pseudo-backcrossing platform decreases the time required to generate new rice varieties exhibiting complex, durable resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in backgrounds with desirable qualities.
A shared framework for the common mental disorders and Non-Communicable Disease: key considerations for disease prevention and control
Authors: O’Neil Adrienne , Jacka Felice N , Quirk Shae E , Cocker Fiona , Taylor C Barr , Oldenburg Brian , Berk Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
Historically, the focus of Non Communicable Disease (NCD) prevention and control has been cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. Collectively, these account for more deaths than any other NCDs. Despite recent calls to include the common mental disorders (CMDs) of depression and anxiety under the NCD umbrella, prevention and control of these CMDs remain largely separate and independent.

Discussion
In order to address this gap, we apply a framework recently proposed by the Centers for Disease Control with three overarching objectives: (1) to obtain better scientific information through surveillance, epidemiology, and prevention research; (2) to disseminate this information to appropriate audiences through communication and education; and (3) to translate this information into action through programs, policies, and systems. We conclude that a shared framework of this type is warranted, but also identify opportunities within each objective to advance this agenda and consider the potential benefits of this approach that may exist beyond the health care system.
The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of lower limb ulceration: a systematic review
Authors: Butterworth Paul A , Walsh Tom P , Pennisi Yvonne D , Chesne Anna D , Schmitz Christoph , Nancarrow Susan A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave therapy has been reported as an effective treatment for lower limb ulceration. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of lower limb ulceration.Five electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Ovid AMED) and reference lists from relevant studies were searched in December 2013. All study designs, with the exception of case‐reports, were eligible for inclusion in this review. Assessment of each study's methodological quality was performed using the Quality Index tool. The effectiveness of studies was measured by calculating effect sizes (Cohen's d) from means and standard deviations.Five studies, including; three randomised controlled trials, one quasi‐experimental study and one case‐series design met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Quality assessment scores ranged from 38 to 63% (mean 53%). Improvements in wound healing were identified in these studies following extracorporeal shock wave therapy. The majority of wounds assessed were associated with diabetes and the effectiveness of ESWT as an addition to standard care has only been assessed in one randomised controlled trial.Considering the limited evidence identified, further research is needed to support the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of lower limb ulceration.
Automated versus non-automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults and children: a cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rose Louise , Schultz Marcus J , Cardwell Chris R , Jouvet Philippe , McAuley Danny F , Blackwood Bronagh 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionAutomated weaning systems may improve adaptation of mechanical support for a patient’s ventilatory needs and facilitate systematic and early recognition of their ability to breathe spontaneously and the potential for discontinuation of ventilation. Our objective was to compare mechanical ventilator weaning duration for critically ill adults and children when managed with automated systems versus non-automated strategies. Secondary objectives were to determine differences in duration of ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, and adverse events.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to 30 September 2013 without language restrictions. We also searched conference proceedings; trial registration websites; and article reference lists. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We combined data using random-effects modelling.ResultsWe identified 21 eligible trials totalling 1,676 participants. Pooled data from 16 trials indicated that automated systems reduced the geometric mean weaning duration by 30% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13% to 45%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 87%,P<0.00001). Reduced weaning duration was found with mixed or medical ICU populations (42%, 95% CI 10% to 63%) and Smartcare/PS™ (28%, 95% CI 7% to 49%) but not with surgical populations or using other systems. Automated systems reduced ventilation duration with no heterogeneity (10%, 95% CI 3% to 16%) and ICU LOS (8%, 95% CI 0% to 15%). There was no strong evidence of effect on mortality, hospital LOS, reintubation, self-extubation and non-invasive ventilation following extubation. Automated systems reduced prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Overall quality of evidence was high.ConclusionsAutomated systems may reduce weaning and ventilation duration and ICU stay. Due to substantial trial heterogeneity an adequately powered, high quality, multi-centre randomized controlled trial is needed.
Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of rheumatoid arthritis, their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage
Authors: Brink Mikael , Verheul Marije K , Rönnelid Johan , Berglin Ewa , Holmdahl Rikard , Toes Rene EM , Klareskog Lars , Trouw Leendert A , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The presence of a new autoantibody system, anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, has been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of anti-CarP antibodies was evaluated in samples taken from individuals who subsequently developed RA before and after onset of symptoms and related to previously analysed antibodies against citrullinated peptides (ACPA specificities) and anti-CCP2.

Methods
A total of 252 individuals, with 423 samples from before onset of symptoms of RA, and 197 population controls were identified as donors to the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden; 192 of them were also sampled at the time of diagnosis. All samples were analysed for anti-CarP IgG and anti-CCP2 antibodies using ELISAs. Ten different antibody reactivities against citrullinated antigens (ACPA specificities) were analysed using a custom-made microarray based on the ImmunoCAP ISAC system (Phadia).

Results
The concentration of anti-CarP antibodies was significantly increased in the pre-symptomatic individuals compared with controls (P <0.001) and also increased significantly after disease onset (P <0.001). The sensitivity for anti-CarP antibodies in the pre-symptomatic individuals was 13.9% (95% CI: 11 to 17.6) and 42.2% (95% CI: 35.4 to 49.3) following development of RA. Anti-CarP antibody positivity was found in 5.1% to 13.3% of individuals negative for anti-CCP2 or ACPA specificities. Presence of anti-CarP antibodies was significantly related to radiological destruction at baseline, at 24 months and also to radiological change (P <0.05, all).

Conclusions
The results indicate that anti-CarP antibodies are associated with disease development, even after adjusting for the presence of different ACPA fine specificities, and in anti-CCP2 negative individuals and contribute to the identification of a subset of patients with worse radiological progression of the disease independent of ACPA.
Loss of sclerostin promotes osteoarthritis in mice via β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt pathways
Authors: Bouaziz Wafa , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Lin Hilène , Marty Caroline , Ea Hang-Korng , Hay Eric , Cohen-Solal Martine 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Sclerostin is a Wnt inhibitor produced by osteocytes that regulates bone formation. Because bone tissue contributes to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated the role of sclerostin in bone and cartilage in a joint instability model in mice.

Methods
Ten-week-old SOST-knockout (SOST-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). We measured bone volume at the medial femoral condyle and osteophyte volume and determined the OA score and expression of matrix proteins. Primary murine chondrocytes were cultured with Wnt3a and sclerostin to assess the expression of matrix proteins, proteoglycan release and glycosaminoglycan accumulation.

Results
Sclerostin was expressed in calcified cartilage of WT mice with OA. In SOST-KO mice, cartilage was preserved despite high bone volume. However, SOST-KO mice with DMM had a high OA score, with increased expression of aggrecanases and type X collagen. Moreover, SOST-KO mice with OA showed disrupted anabolic–catabolic balance and cartilage damage. In primary chondrocytes, sclerostin addition abolished Wnt3a-increased expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs, matrix metalloproteinases and type X collagen by inhibiting the canonical Wnt pathway. Moreover, sclerostin inhibited Wnt-phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and rescued the expression of anabolic genes. Furthermore, sclerostin treatment inhibited both Wnt canonical and non-canonical JNK pathways in chondrocytes, thus preserving metabolism.

Conclusion
Sclerostin may play an important role in maintaining cartilage integrity in OA.
Best proximity point for the proximal nonexpansive mapping on the starshaped sets
Authors: Chen Jianren , Xiao Song , Wang Hui , Deng Shiwen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe existence of the best proximity point for the proximal nonexpansive mapping on starshaped sets is studied. Our results are established without the assumptions of continuity, affinity or the P-property. Finally, as applications of the theorems, analogs for the nonexpansive mappings are also given.
Clinical utility of anti-lipoarabinomannan antibodies testing for the diagnosis of tuberculous arthritis
Authors: Passiu Giuseppe , Erre Gian Luca , Pirina Pietro , Sechi Leonardo Antonio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is often challenging. In this work we discuss the utility of an assay for Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antibody detection in synovial fluid. LAM is one of the three major groups of lipopolysaccharides within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cell wall. An ELISA based test was used to investigate the presence of antibodies against LAM in an immunocompetent patient with knee arthritis. The symptoms resolved after isoniazid treatment. LAM positivity has been used as a diagnostic tool for TB in different settings, including veterinary field. The test could be of some value to diagnose tuberculous arthritis in selected patients when gold standard test returned negative although further investigations are welcome.
Mammalian Ste20-Like Kinase 4 Promotes Pituitary Cell Proliferation and Survival Under Hypoxia
Authors: Xiong Weipeng , Knox Aaron J. , Xu Mei , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Colgan Sean P. , Brodsky Kelley S. , Kleinschmidt-Demasters Bette K. , Lillehei Kevin O. , Wierman Margaret E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The genetic and molecular mechanisms that initiate and maintain pituitary tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Nonfunctioning tumors of the gonadotrope lineage represent 35% of all tumors; are usually macroadenomas, often resulting in hypopituitarism; and have no medical treatments. Using expression microarrays combined with whole-genome copy number screens on individual human tumors, we identified the mammalian sterile-20-like kinase (MST4) transcript, which was amplified within chromosome Xq26.2 in one tumor and up-regulated in all gonadotrope tumor samples. MST4 mRNA and protein were consistently overexpressed in human tumors compared with normal pituitaries. To mimic the pituitary tumor microenvironment, a hypoxia model using LβT2 murine gonadotrope cells was created to examine the functional role of the kinase. During long-term hypoxia, MST4 expression increased colony formation in a soft agar assay and rates of cell proliferation by activating p38 MAPK and AKT. Under short-term severe hypoxic stress, MST4 decreased the rates of apoptosis via p38 MAPK, AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and its cell-specific downstream targets. Analysis of MST4 mutants confirmed the importance of the kinase sequence but not the regulatory C terminus for its functional effects. Together these data identify the MST4 kinase as a novel candidate to mediate human pituitary tumorigenesis in a hypoxic environment and position it as a potential therapeutic target.
Effect of Plasticizer on the Magnetoelastic Behavior for Magnetic Polyurethane Elastomers
Authors: Kimura Yukio , Kanauchi Shunta , Kawai Mika , Mitsumata Tetsu , Tamesue Shingo , Yamauchi Takeshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Magnetic polyurethane elastomers containing various plasticizers were synthesized, and the effect of plasticizers on the magnetoelastic behavior has been investigated. The storage modulus for magnetic elastomers at 0 mT decreased with plasticizer content, whereas the storage modulus at 500 mT dramatically increased. The increment in the storage modulus by magnetic fields increased with plasticizer content indicating a well-developed chain structure of magnetic particles. It was found that the on-field storage modulus can be scaled by the off-field modulus independently of the kind of plasticizers.
Flash Chemistry Using Trichlorovinyllithium: Switching the Reaction Pathways by High-resolution Reaction Time Control
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Takahashi Yusuke , Henseler Andrea , Matsuo Chika , Yoshida Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
High-resolution reaction time control in flow microreactors enables the reaction-pathway switching of trichlorovinyllithium generated by the H/Li exchange of trichloroethene. The method was successfully applied to the synthesis of 1,1,2-trichloroalkenes, 1-chloroalkynes, and unsymmetrically disubstituted ethynes.
Chiral Ammonium Hypoiodite-catalyzed Enantioselective Oxidative Dearomatization of 1-Naphthols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Sasakura Niiha , Kaneko Erina , Ohori Kento , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A highly enantioselective oxidative dearomatization of 1-naphthol derivatives (Kita spirolactonization) catalyzed by chiral hypoiodite species prepared in situ from chiral quaternary ammonium iodide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is reported.
Approximation Limits of Linear Programs (Beyond Hierarchies)
Authors: Braun Gábor , Fiorini Samuel , Pokutta Sebastian , Steurer David 
Published: February 2015

We develop a framework for proving approximation limits of polynomial size linear programs (LPs) from lower bounds on the nonnegative ranks of suitably defined matrices. This framework yields unconditional impossibility results that are applicable to any LP as opposed to only programs generated by hierarchies. Using our framework, we prove that O(n1/2-ϵ)-approximations for CLIQUE require LPs of size [Formula: see text]. This lower bound applies to LPs using a certain encoding of CLIQUE as a linear optimization problem. Moreover, we establish a similar result for approximations of semidefinite programs by LPs. Our main technical ingredient is a quantitative improvement of Razborov’s [38] rectangle corruption lemma for the high error regime, which gives strong lower bounds on the nonnegative rank of shifts of the unique disjointness matrix.
‘Forget everything you have ever learned about art, and start from the beginning’: Charismatic leadership and art school teaching
Authors: Owen Chris 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article explores the nature of the art and design lecturer’s role in relation to Weber’s definition of charismatic leadership, and to more recent theories of transformational leadership. By reference to historical examples, the author analyses the process by which the charismatic art and design lecturer can influence students, and when necessary overcome their resistance to change. Using French and Raven’s model of social power, the author goes on to investigate the contribution made by charisma to the lecturer’s power to persuade, even when the lecturer may be committed to using a constructive model of the educational process. Finally, the article explores the potential of ‘frame alignment’ as a strategy by which charismatic lecturers can overcome the reluctance of some students to open themselves to new ways of thinking and working.