bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaching Kinetics of Atrazine and Inorganic Chemicals in Tilled and Orchard Soils
Authors: Szajdak Lech W. , Lipiec Jerzy , Siczek Anna , Nosalewicz Artur , Majewska Urszula 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify first-order kinetic reaction rate model performance in predicting of leaching of atrazine and inorganic compounds (K+1, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2, NH4 +, NO3 - and PO4 -3) from tilled and orchard silty loam soils. This model provided an excellent fit to the experimental concentration changes of the compounds vs. time data during leaching. Calculated values of the first-order reaction rate constants for the changes of all chemicals were from 3.8 to 19.0 times higher in orchard than in tilled soil. Higher first-order reaction constants for orchard than tilled soil correspond with both higher total porosity and contribution of biological pores in the former. The first order reaction constants for the leaching of chemical compounds enables prediction of the actual compound concentration and the interactions between compound and soil as affected by management system. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of simultaneous chemical and physical analyses as a tool for the understanding of leaching in variously managed soils.
Some Physical Properties of Kola Nuts – A Response Surface Approach
Authors: Akinoso Rahman , Aremu Ademola K. , Balogun Ismail S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This work studied the effect of drying temperature and duration on some physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of kola nuts using a response surface methodology approach. Physical properties determined were length, breadth, thickness, sphericity, aspect ratio, colour and moisture loss, while mechanical properties were force at break, yield, and peak, deformation at break and peak, energy to peak, energy to break, and yield, and Young modulus. At 5% level of significance, only mass, moisture loss, and sphericity were the physical properties affected. However, all measured mechanical properties were affected by drying temperature and duration (p<0.05).
Will We Hit a Wall? Forecasting Bottlenecks to Whole Brain Emulation Development
Authors: Alstott Jeff 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Whole brain emulation (WBE) is the possible replication of human brain dynamics that reproduces human behavior. If created, WBE would have significant impact on human society, and forecasts frequently place WBE as arriving within a century. However, WBE would be a complex technology with a complex network of prerequisite technologies. Most forecasts only consider a fraction of this technology network. The unconsidered portions of the network may contain bottlenecks, which are slowly-developing technologies that would impede the development of WBE. Here I describe how bottlenecks in the network can be non-obvious, and the merits of identifying them early. I show that bottlenecks may be predicted even with noisy forecasts. Accurate forecasts of WBE development must incorporate potential bottlenecks, which can be found using detailed descriptions of the WBE technology network. Bottlenecks identification can also increase the impact of WBE researchers by directing effort to those technologies that will immediately affect the timeline of WBE development
Global Eustatic Sea-Level Variations for the Approximation of Geocenter Motion from Grace
Authors: Bergmann-Wolf Inga , Zhang Liangjing , Dobslaw Henryk 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Global degree-1 coefficients are derived by means of the method by Swenson et al. (2008) from a model of ocean mass variability and RL05 GRACE monthly mean gravity fields. Since an ocean model consistent with the GRACE GSM fields is required to solely include eustatic sea-level variability which can be safely assumed to be globally homogeneous, it can be empirically derived from GRACE aswell, thereby allowing to approximate geocenter motion entirely out of the GRACE monthly mean gravity fields. Numerical experiments with a decade-long model time-series reveal that the methodology is generally robust both with respect to potential errors in the atmospheric part of AOD1B and assumptions on global degree-1 coefficients for the eustatic sea-level model. Good correspondence of the GRACE RL05-based geocenter estimates with independent results let us conclude that this approximate method for the geocenter motion is well suited to be used for oceanographic and hydrological applications of regional mass variability from GRACE,where otherwise an important part of the signal would be omitted.
Reflections of intercultural communication from the perspective of a foreign teacher
Authors: Ponce Durán Fabiola 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The challenges of the globalized world, the constant progress of science and technology increasingly lead to a state of interdependence between countries which should lead to intercultural relations generate an attitude of respect for diversity with a more humane vision of life to work in international teams. Universities as organizations embedded in the dynamics of globalization offer academic programs with international or multicultural approach that encourage the development of skills, aptitudes and values according to international defendant. To do this, the recruitment of foreign personnel becomes imperative in meeting planned objectives, so the challenge of foreign teachers is presented to be inserted in different cultural environments transcend and reach their educational work in the formation of their students. The aim of this paper is to offer some reflections on the importance of intercultural communication product born of the increasing mobility of teachers who face the challenge of surviving in a country with different culture.
Strategic Management as the Ideology of Power
Authors: Sułkowski Łukasz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the key themes of strategic management from the perspective of Critical Management Studies [More: Sułkowski, 2012]. Strategic management seen as the most advanced and sophisticated form of targeting reseved only for the elite top menagement is interpreted by critical scholars as an ideology of power exercised by elites. The article presents the analysis of the foundations of the CMS, and then puts these issues in the field of strategic management.
Advertisement in the Perspective of World Religions – from Negation to Necessary Acceptance
Authors: Ignatowski Grzegorz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There are a few factors which influence the awareness and culture of the modern man. The most essentials include: religions, developing globalization and advertisements. The mentioned elements are related to each other and mutually restricted. Authors of advertisements still often use elements of religious life in order to encourage customers to buy particular products or make them loyal to a particular brand. Developing globalization allows for using multicultural elements, including the elements related to all major religions. We should point out that religions which promote self-restriction, renouncement and devotion remain in opposition to the developing advertising industry. In this world of advertisement, which seems unavoidable, religions have no choice but accept them. By setting forth justified ideas they make people think over the methods and limits of using religious elements in advertisements of products.
International mobility of Polish managers
Authors: Przytuła Sylwia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Due to the internationalization of Polish enterprises, it is appropriate to look at the tendency of managers to take up business and compete in the global labor market. The purpose of this article that is of theoretical and empirical character, is, therefore, an attempt to evaluate the mobility of Polish managers, or their willingness to change their place of work outside the home country. The matrix is a theoretical discussion of the importance of mobility for today’s corporations. Empiricism refers to the author’s own research (these are telephone interviews with 15 managers and two expert opinions) carried out for such this article, and also presented the results of the exploration of other researchers addressing these topics.
Preliminary Wrf-Arw Model Analysis of Global Solar Irradiation Forecasting
Authors: Isvoranu Dragos , Badescu Viorel 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this research is focused on the evaluation of short term global solar irradiation forecasting performance in order to assess the outcome of photovoltaic power stations. The paper presents a comparative analysis between the predicted irradiation obtained by numerical simulation and measurements. The simulation data is obtained from WRF-ARW model (Weather Research Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF), whose initial and boundary conditions are provided by the global forecasting model GFS. Taking into account the complexity of options for the physics models provided with WRF, we embarked upon a parametric analysis of the simulated solar irradiance. This complex task provides a better insight among the coupling of various physics options and enables us to find the best fit with the measured data for a specified site and time period. The present preliminary analysis shows that the accuracy of the computed global solar irradiance can be improved by choosing the appropriate built-in physics models. A combination of physics models providing the best results has been identified.
Wind Data Analysis and Wind Flow Simulation Over Large Areas
Authors: Terziev Angel , Antonov Ivan , Velichkova Rositsa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Increasing the share of renewable energy sources is one of the core policies of the European Union. This is because of the fact that this energy is essential in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions and securing energy supplies. Currently, the share of wind energy from all renewable energy sources is relatively low. The choice of location for a certain wind farm installation strongly depends on the wind potential. Therefore the accurate assessment of wind potential is extremely important. In the present paper an analysis is made on the impact of significant possible parameters on the determination of wind energy potential for relatively large areas. In the analysis the type of measurements (short- and long-term on-site measurements), the type of instrumentation and the terrain roughness factor are considered. The study on the impact of turbulence on the wind flow distribution over complex terrain is presented, and it is based on the real on-site data collected by the meteorological tall towers installed in the northern part of Bulgaria. By means of CFD based software a wind map is developed for relatively large areas. Different turbulent models in numerical calculations were tested and recommendations for the usage of the specific models in flows modeling over complex terrains are presented. The role of each parameter in wind map development is made. Different approaches for determination of wind energy potential based on the preliminary developed wind map are presented.
DT-CWT Robust Filtering Algorithm for The Extraction of Reference and Waviness from 3-D Nano Scalar Surfaces
Authors: Ren Zhi Ying. , Gao ChengHui. , Han GuoQiang. , Ding Shen , Lin JianXing. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) exhibits superiority of shift invariance, directional selectivity, perfect reconstruction (PR), and limited redundancy and can effectively separate various surface components. However, in nano scale the morphology contains pits and convexities and is more complex to characterize. This paper presents an improved approach which can simultaneously separate reference and waviness and allows an image to remain robust against abnormal signals. We included a bilateral filtering (BF) stage in DT-CWT to solve imaging problems. In order to verify the feasibility of the new method and to test its performance we used a computer simulation based on three generations of Wavelet and Improved DT-CWT and we conducted two case studies. Our results show that the improved DT-CWT not only enhances the robustness filtering under the conditions of abnormal interference, but also possesses accuracy and reliability of the reference and waviness from the 3-D nano scalar surfaces.
Predisposing, enabling and need factors of heroin addicts' using prescribed methadone or buprenorphine for a year or longer: An exploratory study of drug treatment for heroin addicts in the Swedish welfare system
Authors: Nilsson Marcus Blom , Lundgren Lena M. , Chassler Deborah 
Published: May 2014

Aim This exploratory study draws on national register data for 2,638 opioid users from 2004-2008 to examine whether or not certain predisposing, enabling and need factors are associated with taking methadone or buprenorphine continuously on doctor's orders for one year or more. Design Chi-square analysis, one-way Anova and logistic regression methods were used to explore the association between self-reported demographic characteristics, alcohol/drug use severity, substance use disorder treatment history, criminal justice history, level of mental health symptomatology, mental health treatment history, and whether or not adult opioid users had taken methadone or buprenorphine continuously on doctor's orders for one year or longer. Results Having a job and having had more voluntary treatment episodes were significantly associated with using methadone or buprenorphine. Those opioid users who had a job were 19 times more likely to be on methadone or buprenorphine than opiate users who did not have a job. Conclusions In our study, individuals who were working were significantly more likely to medicate against their opioid abuse. This suggests that they may be more socially integrated than their non-medicating counterparts.
Structure of the Flora of Railway Areas under Various Kinds of Anthropopression
Authors: Galera Halina , Sudnik-Wójcikowska Barbara , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Jarzyna Ingeborga , Wiłkomirski Bogusław 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Floristic studies were carried out in NE Poland in 2007-2008 in three types of railway areas: operating tracks, tracks abandoned less than 10 years ago, and tracks abandoned more than 10 years ago. In the 41 sections of railway tracks surveyed, 338 species were recorded, including 22 species that occurred at > 50% frequency, 27 species strongly associated with operating railway areas, and 4 species typical of railway areas in Poland. Comparative analysis of the flora of the 3 types of railway areas investigated showed significant differences in the richness and structure of their floras.
First Records of the Lichen Septotrapelia Usnica (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from West Africa
Authors: Kukwa Martin , Piątek Marcin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Septotrapelia usnica (Sipman) Kalb & Bungartz is reported as new for West Africa from Togo. Its taxonomy, distribution and habitat requirements are discussed. Notes on other usnic acid-containing leprose species are presented.
Hieracium Sudetotubulosum (Asteraceae) Rediscovered Outside the Karkonosze Mts
Authors: Szeląg Zbigniew , Wójcik Grzegorz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Hieracium sudetotubulosum Szeląg [= H. tubulosum (Tausch) Tausch, nom. illeg.], considered to be endemic to the Karkonosze/Krkonoše Mts, has been found on Mt. Szczeliniec Wielki in the Góry Stołowe Mts, SW Poland. This is the easternmost occurrence of the species, disjoined from its continuous geographical range in the Karkonosze Mts by ca 50 km. The occurrence of H. sudetotubulosum on Mt. Szczeliniec Wielki was published by Zahn in 1938 but it was overlooked in the modern literature.
Richard Hooker And The Later Puritans
Authors: Stafford John K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Attention is usually drawn to the negative relationship between Richard Hooker and his Puritan opponents. Such concerns dominate the polemical landscape of the late 16th and 17th centuries. However, the extent to which later Puritans appear to converge on Hooker’s epistemology and overall attitude to the place of reason, Scripture and sacrament is often overlooked. This paper consider some key affirmations from Richard Baxter, John Owen and Hooker’s contemporary William Perkins. The paper concludes that in more settled times substantive agreement might have been found on issues that during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I were profoundly divisive including the question of ministry orders
Conceptions Of The Sacred. Reflections On Transcendence In Christian Discourse
Authors: Stafford John K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
In this reflection paper, the author considers the language and content relating to the sacred and the transcendent and the expectations arising from such language. Contending that its secular usage is sufficiently unreferenced author asks whether such language can still be used in Christian discourse which by nature is particular. The author concludes that human discourse on transcendence is common to all people in various ways sometimes mutually inclusive yet often exclusive. Christian discourse is able to use the terms available to depict the essence of human desire but historically has defended the particularity of biblical language as necessary to preserve its Christological imperative which is its distinctive departure from secular appropriation of mystery
The structure of dental procedures under general anaesthesia in children and adolescents with epilepsy
Authors: Tkaczuk-Płocica Małgorzata , Szymańska Jolanta , Rosiak Joanna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. One of the indications for dental treatment in general anaesthesia of children and adolescents is the patients’ refusal to cooperate with the dentist; this concerns especially the so-called special care patients, and among them, those suffering from epilepsy. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure of treatment procedures in conservative dentistry and dental surgery performed under general anaesthesia in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Material and methods. The analysis covered case histories of 109 patients with epilepsy, aged 3-18 years, who received dental treatment under general anaesthesia. The patients were divided into three age groups, according to the dentition type: patients with deciduous dentition - 3-5 years of age; with mixed dentition - 6-12 years, and with permanent dentition - 13-18 years. The analysis concerned the procedures on both deciduous and permanent teeth. Results. An average number of extractions in a child with full deciduous dentition was 3.9 teeth, while in a child with mixed dentition - 2.7 teeth. The greatest number of deciduous teeth extractions concerned first and second molars. Carious cavities in the occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth, due to deep caries, were the most frequently treated lesions. Conclusions. In patients with epilepsy treated under general anaesthesia, extensive treatment needs, resulting from prophylactic and therapeutic neglect in dental care, were found. Conservative and surgical treatment, combined with prophylactic procedures, performed under general anaesthesia seems one of the necessary elements of a complex dental care in uncooperative children and adolescents
The role of Th17 lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritides
Authors: Pogoda Katarzyna , Pyszniak Maria , Bańka Magdalena , Rybojad Beata , Tabarkiewicz Jacek 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Th17 cells are newly described population of lymphoctyes, that recruits neutrophils to the site of inflammation and activate inflammatory phenotype of various tissues. They also play a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases and cancers. These cells secrete mainly different isoforms of IL-17, but also IL-21 and IL-22. Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are the most common autoimmune joints’ inflammatory disease, affecting respectively adults and children. For a long time the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been associated with Th1 lymphocytes. This hypothesis has changed after the discovery of Th17 cells, which are thought to be key mediators of autoimmune arthritides
Dynamic Models in Moses for Online Adaptation
Authors: Bertoldi Nicola 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A very hot issue for research and industry is how to effectively integrate machine translation (MT) within computer assisted translation (CAT) software. This paper focuses on this issue, and more generally how to dynamically adapt phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) by exploiting external knowledge, like the post-editions from professional translators.
We present an enhancement of the Moses SMT toolkit dynamically adaptable to external information, which becomes available during the translation process, and which can depend on the previously translated text. We have equipped Moses with two new elements: a new phrase table implementation and a new LM-like feature. Both the phrase table and the LM-like feature can be dynamically modified by adding and removing entries and re-scoring them according to a time-decaying scoring function. The final goal of these two dynamically adaptable features is twofold: to create additional translation alternatives and to reward those which are composed of entries previously inserted therein.
The implemented dynamic system is highly configurable, flexible and applicable to many tasks, like for instance online MT adaptation, interactive MT, and context-aware MT. When exploited in a real-world CAT scenario where online adaptation is applied to repetitive texts, it has proven itself very effective in improving translation quality and reducing post-editing effort.
Visualization, Search and Analysis of Hierarchical Translation Equivalence in Machine Translation Data
Authors: de Buy Wenniger Gideon Maillette , Sima’an Khalil 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Translation equivalence constitutes the basis of all Machine Translation systems including the recent hierarchical and syntax-based systems. For hierarchical MT research it is important to have a tool that supports the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hierarchical translation equivalence relations extracted from word alignments in data. In this paper we present such a toolkit and exemplify some of its uses. The main challenges taken up in designing this tool are the efficient and compact, yet complete, representation of hierarchical translation equivalence coupled with an intuitive visualization of these hierarchical relations. We exploit a new hierarchical representation, called Hierarchical Alignment Trees (HATs), which is based on an extension of the algorithms used for factorizing n-ary branching SCFG rules into their minimally-branching equivalents. Our toolkit further provides a search capability based on hierarchically relevant properties of word alignments and/or translation equivalence relations. Finally, the tool allows detailed statistical analysis of word alignments, thereby providing a breakdown of alignment statistics according to the complexity of translation equivalence units or reordering phenomena. We illustrate this with an empirical study of the coverage of inversion-transduction grammars for a number of corpora enriched with manual or automatic word alignments, followed by a breakdown of corpus statistics to reordering complexity.