bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sprouting and genetic structure vary with flood disturbance in the tropical riverine paperbark tree, Melaleuca leucadendra (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Chong Caroline , Edwards Will , Pearson Richard , Waycott Michelle 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Sprouting in woody plants promotes persistence in the face of disturbance, ultimately influencing population structure. Different disturbance regimes drive variable population responses, but there have been few direct tests of the relative differences in population structure to specific drivers. We measured population structure as genotypic diversity (clonality) as a function of hydrological regime for a riverine tree, Melaleuca leucadendra, a major structural component in flood landscapes in the Australian dry tropics.• Methods: We estimated clonality, genotypic richness, and population allelic diversity. The relationship among disturbance, genetic estimates of clonality, and population distinctiveness was compared with flood regime, characterized by return frequencies and hydrological stress at individual river reaches.• Key results: Two contrasting patterns of genotypic structure were detected and corresponded to order‐of‐magnitude differences in flood regime between sites. At mainstem locations characterized by greatest flood intensity, sprouting generated clonal structure to 17 m (30% ramets clonal). By contrast, clonality was atypical at lower‐disturbance tributaries (0% clonal). Population allelic distributions showed extensive genetic exchange among mainstem locations, but strong genetic differentiation between mainstem and tributaries.• Conclusions: Population structure and distinctiveness in riverine Melaleuca are determined by differences in sprouting and recruitment responses that depend on localized hydrological regime. Sprouting contributes to population persistence via localized clonal growth. Resprouting following disturbance in M. leucadendra may help explain its numerical dominance in tropical river systems. This study, although preliminary, suggests that flood ecosystems may represent excellent experimental systems to develop a better understanding of whole‐organism responses to environmental drivers.
Contract’s Meaning and the Histories of Classical Contract Law
Authors: Rosenberg Anat 
Published: November 2013

This paper argues that histories of nineteenth-century contract have been implicated in the creation of a questionable historical artifact: the story of a single meaning of contract at the decisive era for modern contract law’s development, a story intimately tied with atomistic individualism.
The paper traces how the consensus has been built and kept beyond debate despite significant controversies engaging rival historical schools of nineteenth-century contract law. It does so by critically synthesizing multiple accounts of contract law, produced from the nineteenth century to our own days. It opens, however, with a brief literary excursion in order to show that there is good reason to view the consensus as unwarranted. An individualist but relational version of contract was dominant in Victorian literary realism, one of the central cultural sites of the “Age of Contract”, problematizing the story of a single meaning of contract.
The consensus created by contract histories bears implications for present thought as it negotiates visions of contract, and as it explores law’s constitutive effects on social consciousness. This paper lays the consensus open so that we can let go of it.
La fiducie civiliste : modalité de la propriété ou intermède à la propriété?
Authors: Emerich Yaëll 
Published: November 2013

Comment le trust de la common law peut-il prendre forme dans un contexte civiliste? La propriété fiduciaire n’est après tout pas impensable dans un tel contexte. Elle peut s’envisager comme une propriété finalisée et, plus précisément, comme une modalité de la propriété. Le législateur québécois, en imaginant la fiducie comme un patrimoine d’affectation, a inscrit cette finalité au coeur même d’un concept de patrimoine qui en sort renouvelé. La question se pose toutefois de savoir à quel point la fiducie québécoise a rompu tous les liens avec la propriété et quels sont les limites et défis théoriques d’une telle conception. Qui est cet autrui dont le fiduciaire administre les biens? De qui acquiert-on lorsqu’on acquiert un bien tenu en fiducie? La fiducie québécoise doit-elle s’analyser comme une modalité de la propriété ou comme un intermède à la propriété?
Le fiduciaire, véritable pivot ou simple rouage de l’opération de fiducie ?
Authors: Mallet-Bricout Blandine 
Published: November 2013

L’objet de cet article est de s’interroger sur le rôle que tient le fiduciaire, spécialement dans la fiducie française issue de la Loi no 2007-211 du 19 février 2007 instituant la fiducie, mais aussi en comparaison d’autres systèmes juridiques civilistes ou de common law.
Un double regard permet de montrer que le fiduciaire ne tient pas, du moins en droit français, le rôle de pivot de l’opération que l’on pourrait attendre de lui. En effet, la fiducie envisagée sous sa perspective contractuelle, révèle un contractant fiduciaire largement sous la dépendance du constituant, qui détermine non seulement sa mission, parfois très réduite, mais dispose également du pouvoir de le remplacer. La confrontation des pouvoirs du constituant et de ceux du bénéficiaire avec le statut du fiduciaire, propriétaire des biens mis en fiducie, interroge également le civiliste : la propriété fiduciaire semble en effet singulièrement s’éloigner des caractéristiques traditionnelles du droit de propriété (perpétuité, exclusivité). Et la tentative avortée, en 2009, d’un dédoublement de la propriété fiduciaire à l’image de la distinction anglo-américaine entre legal ownership et beneficial interests, n’a pas permis le rapprochement espéré par les praticiens entre la fiducie française et le trust, laissant le fiduciaire au rang d’un propriétaire diminué.
Finalement, la prééminence de la relation contractuelle sur celle patrimoniale instaurée par l’opération de fiducie peut aboutir à vider de sa substance la fonction fiduciaire, envisagée dans sa double dimension de gestion et d’exercice d’un droit de propriété sur les biens mis en fiducie. Le fiduciaire apparaît ainsi moins comme un véritable pivot que comme un simple rouage multifonctions de l’opération de fiducie.
Synthesis of Acylsilanes by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles onto Acid Derivatives
Authors: Cirriez Virginie , Rasson Corentin , Riant Olivier 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe transition metal‐catalyzed transfer of silicon nucleophiles onto various electrophiles has recently gained considerable attention, due to the now readily available silicon pro‐nucleophiles such as silylboronates. Our interest lies in the addition of such species to acid derivatives for the generation of acylsilanes. We report herein an efficient method to synthesize these compounds, starting from easy‐to‐form anhydrides, with very good yields.magnified image
Underlying Motivations of Organic Food Purchase Intentions
Authors: Nasir V. Aslihan , Karakaya Fahri 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThere has been a great deal of increase in the production and consumption of organic foods. As a result, many researchers have attempted to explain the motivations and marketing issues dealing with the topic. Many of the previous studies provide conflicting results. With this in mind, we attempt to perform a comprehensive study of organic food consumption by examining the roles of a variety of factors on intention to purchase organic foods through a survey of consumers in a large metropolitan area in Europe by utilizing the scales developed in earlier studies. The results indicate that socially responsible consumption, health orientation, utilitarian, and hedonic consumption patterns are significant predictors of intention to purchase organic foods and consumption while controlling for demographical variables. In addition, environmental responsibility acts as a moderating factor in the relationship between socially responsible consumption behavior and intention to purchase. [JEL classifications: M30, M31, M48, Q56, Q57]
Nasal saline irrigation has no effect on normal olfaction: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Liu Jack J. , Chan Guy C. , Hecht Avi S. , Storm Dan R. , Davis Greg E. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundNasal saline irrigation is a safe treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis; however, its effect on olfaction is unclear. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key second messenger in the mechanism of olfaction and has been shown to be associated with smell function. In animal studies, olfactory cilia may be harvested by simple saline preparations. This study aimed to characterize the effect of nasal saline irrigation on smell function.MethodsVolunteers with normal olfaction were randomized into a control or irrigation cohort. In the initial appointment, subjects completed a University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and nasal samples were obtained by 2 methods: the nasal curette and cytobrush. The irrigation cohort performed daily nasal saline irrigations. Both cohorts then returned in 1 week. The UPSIT and nasal cell collection were repeated, and each subject completed a subjective olfactory transition scale. Nasal samples were processed for cAMP levels using a commercial assay.ResultsThirty‐two subjects were enrolled and randomized into each cohort. Control and postirrigation mean UPSIT scores were 36.8 and 36.7 (p = 0.48). No subjects reported a subjective smell loss. Ten pairs of nasal samples were assayed. Using the curette, control and postirrigation cAMP levels were 509 and 490 fmol/(mg/mL), respectively (p = 0.94). Using the cytobrush, respective cAMP levels were 424 and 449 fmol/(mg/mL), respectively (p = 0.94).ConclusionNasal saline irrigation has no subjective or objective effect on olfaction. It also does not appear to affect cAMP levels, a potential marker of smell function.
Comparison of L‐strut preservation in endonasal and endoscopic septoplasty: a cadaveric study
Authors: Russell Marika D. , Kangelaris Gerald T. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundPreservation of an adequate cartilaginous L‐strut to prevent complications of septoplasty has been long recognized as critical. However, no previous study has examined the dimensions of the L‐strut that remain after septoplasty. We hypothesized that differences in exposure and visualization between endoscopic and endonasal techniques would result in differences in preserved L‐strut dimensions. We designed this study to determine L‐strut dimensions after performance of septoplasty with endonasal and endoscopic technique.MethodsWe performed a cadaveric study with 24 heads randomly assigned to undergo endonasal vs endoscopic septoplasty by senior resident surgeons (postgraduate year 4 [PGY‐4] and PGY‐5). Removal of the skin–soft tissue envelope and mucoperichondrium was performed after septoplasty to permit direct measurement of the L‐strut. Minimum and maximum widths were recorded for the caudal and dorsal segments; a single measurement was recorded for the width at the anterior septal angle. Statistical analysis was carried out using the 2‐tailed distribution Student t test.ResultsThere was no significant difference in caudal or anterior septal width between endonasal and endoscopic techniques. There was a statistically significant difference in dorsal segment width for both minimum and maximum values, with endoscopic technique resulting in a narrower dorsal segment than endonasal technique (mean minimum value of 10.8 mm vs 13.2 mm, respectively, p = 0.03; and mean maximum value of 12.6 mm vs 16 mm, respectively, p = 0.01). There was significant variation in resident surgeon performance, with the performance of 1 resident surgeon accounting for the difference in minimum dorsal width.ConclusionDifferences in exposure and visualization between endoscopic and endonasal septoplasty techniques may result in differences in preserved L‐strut dimensions. Care should be taken with endoscopic technique to prevent overly aggressive resection of septal cartilage, particularly with learners of this technique.
Nanopartikulär geprägte Polymere für die größenselektive Erkennung von Nanopartikeln
Authors: Kraus‐Ophir Shlomit , Witt Julia , Wittstock Gunther , Mandler Daniel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCitrat‐stabilisierte Goldnanopartikel von 15 und 33 nm Durchmesser wurden durch Langmuir‐Blodgett‐Transfer bei pH 5 gleichzeitig mit einer Monolage positiv geladenen Polyanilins auf einen Träger aus leitfähigem Indium‐dotiertem Zinnoxid (ITO) übertragen. Filme aus 1–3 Lagen Polyanilin mit 1–3 nm Dicke wurden hergestellt und durch Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (SEM), Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM) sowie Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie charakterisiert. Nach Elektrooxidation der Goldnanopartikel in 0.1 MKCl blieben Kavitäten im Film zurück, die durch SEM analysiert werden konnten. Diese Kavitäten waren in der Lage, Analytnanopartikel aus einer Lösung bei pH 10 wieder einzufangen, und zeigten dabei Größenausschlussverhalten. Die Menge der durch die Kavitäten aufgenommenen Nanopartikel war leicht durch die Ladung zu analysieren, die mit der Elektrooxidation dieser Partikel in 0.1 MKCl nach Waschen mit Wasser assoziiert war. Die Größenausschlusseigenschaften verbesserten sich mit der Zahl der übertragenen Langmuir‐Blodgett‐Lagen.
Sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, in the Mediterranean Sea: a summary of status, threats, and conservation recommendations
Authors: Notarbartolo‐Di‐Sciara Giuseppe 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Sperm whales in the Mediterranean are a genetically distinct population classified as Endangered on the basis of the IUCN Red List criteria.
Threats that result in sperm whale direct mortality, such as bycatch in illegal driftnets and collisions with ships, together with the noxious effects of noise, pollution, ingestion of solid debris, disturbance from irresponsible whale watching operations, and possibly prey depletion and climate change, affect the survival of the Mediterranean population and are the cause of an inferred continuing decline.
Recommendations to sustain the presence of sperm whales in the Mediterranean in the future include respecting existing fishery, pollution and whale watching regulations, and introducing precautionary noise and maritime traffic regulations in areas characterized by high sperm whale densities, some of which could be considered for MPA designation. Finally, the regular monitoring of sperm whale population ecology, behaviour and mortality at the regional scale, to detect trends and help to understand links between the observed phenomena and their possible cause(s), could help to address other potential threats, such as prey depletion and climate change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the ecological niche overlap between two interacting invasive species: the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis)
Authors: Quinn Alex , Gallardo Belinda , Aldridge David C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) are two closely related invasive species. They usually occupy different habitats (e.g. shallow versus deep water) at a local scale, while occurring in the same broad regions at a large scale. The present study assesses the extent to which the habitat partitioning observed at local scales extends to niche partitioning at the global scale.Species distribution models (SDMs, using MaxEnt) were used to model the potential distributions of both species based on a set of environmental and dispersal related predictors.According to environmental SDMs calibrated with bioclimatic, geographic and geological factors, only 75% of the predicted quagga mussel distribution overlaps with the distribution of zebra mussel, demonstrating that the niches of the two species are moderately different at a global scale.Quagga mussels were found to occur at higher average temperature and lower average precipitation, leading to the prediction that their niche includes Mediterranean and arid regions such as California and southern Spain, two areas currently unaffected by zebra mussel.A second set of SDMs illustrated a notable influence of dispersal‐related factors (e.g. human population density, closeness to commercial ports and reservoirs), on quagga mussel distribution. These models suggest that the distribution of quagga mussel is more constrained by dispersal‐related factors than is the distribution of zebra mussel.Evidence suggests that economic and environmental impacts can differ between the two species; joint accurate predictions may therefore prove important for targeting precautionary management plans at the right species. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compositing Amorphous TiO2 with N‐Doped Carbon as High‐Rate Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Ying , Hu Changwen , Cao Minhua 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCompositing amorphous TiO2 with nitrogen‐doped carbon through TiN bonding to form an amorphous TiO2/N‐doped carbon hybrid (denoted a‐TiO2/CN) has been achieved by a two‐step hydrothermal–calcining method with hydrazine hydrate as an inhibitor and nitrogen source. The resultant a‐TiO2/CN hybrid has a surface area as high as 108 m2 g−1 and, when used as an anode material, exhibits a capacity as high as 290.0 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 1 C and a reversible capacity over 156 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 10 C after 100 cycles; these results are better than those found in most reports on crystalline TiO2. This superior electrochemical performance could be ascribed to a combined effect of several factors, including the amorphous nature, porous structure, high surface area, and N‐doped carbon.
High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Phenothiazine Dyes Containing Double Anchors and Thiophene Spacers
Authors: Hung Wei‐I , Liao You‐Ya , Hsu Chih‐Yu , Chou Hsien‐Hsin , Lee Ting‐Hui , Kao Wei‐Siang , Lin Jiann T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of new push–pull phenothiazine‐based dyes (HL1, HL2, HL3, HL4) featuring various π spacers (thiophene, 3‐hexylthiophene, 4‐hexyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene) and double acceptors/anchors have been synthesized, characterized, and used as sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Among them, the best conversion efficiency (7.31 %) reaches approximately 99 % of the N719‐based (7.38 %) DSSCs fabricated and measured under similar conditions. The dyes with two anchors have more efficient interfacial charge generation and transport compared with their congeners with only single anchor. Incorporation of hexyl chains into the π‐conjugated spacer of these double‐anchoring dyes can efficiently suppress dye aggregation and reduce charge recombination.
Tiefe Baugrube in Teildeckelbauweise am Alsterufer in Hamburg
Authors: Böttcher Christian , Bäumer Stephan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDirekt an der Hamburger Außenalster wurde für die Errichtung hochwertiger Büro‐ und Gewerbeflächen mit vier Untergeschossen eine ca. 13 m tiefe Trogbaugrube in Schlitzwandbauweise und mit natürlicher Dichtsohle erforderlich. Aufgrund von sensibler Nachbarbebauung waren nur geringe Baugrundverformungen verträglich. Dies konnte mittels einer innen liegenden Aussteifung als vorgespanntes Stahlfachwerk in der oberen Steifungslage und einem Stahlbetonteildeckel in der unteren Steifungslage sichergestellt werden. Im Rahmen eines umfangreichen Messprogramms wurden die im Entwurf berechneten Baugrundverformungen bestätigt.Deep excavation pit with partial concrete cover at Alsterufer in HamburgAlong with the development of an exclusive office‐ and business building with four underground parking levels an about 13 m deep excavation pit with diaphragm walls and natural bottom sealing was needed. Considering the sensitive neighbouring buildings only little deformation of the underground was acceptable. By using a pre‐stressed inner framework as upper bracing and a partial concrete cover as lower bracing the requirements were fulfilled. Already during preliminary design calculated ground deformations could be approved by an extensive measuring program accompanying the project.
Entwurf und Berechnung von gekrümmten Betonfertigbauteilen mit CAD‐basierten Verfahren
Authors: Breitenberger Michael , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai‐Uwe 
Published: November 2013

Abstract“Leicht Bauen mit Beton” und “form follows force” sind die Motivation dieses Artikels. Es wird ein Prozess vorgestellt, wie das Entwerfen, Berechnen und Bemessen von sehr leichten und filigranen Freiformschalen aus Betonfertigbauteilen in der Zukunft aussehen könnte. Dafür werden neueste Methoden aus dem Bereich CAD‐basierte Verfahren verwendet, welche eine sehr elegante Vereinigung von Design und Analyse ermöglichen. Der vorgestellte Prozess zeigt den Weg von der Entwurfsidee bis zur Bestimmung der optimalen Geometrie und Anordnung der Betonfertigbauteile.Design and Analysis of Curved Precast Concrete Components Using CAD‐based Approaches – to build lightweight structures in the future“Leicht Bauen mit Beton” and “form follows force” are the motivation for this article. In this contribution a process is presented, which shows how the design and analysis of very light, free‐form shells, made of precast concrete components, could be done in the future. Therefore, new techniques from the area of CAD‐based methods are used, which allow for a very elegant way of integrating design and analysis. The presented process shows the path from the idea of the design to the determination of the optimal geometry and assembly of the precast concrete components.
Stable Anilinyl Radicals Coordinated to Nickel: X‐ray Crystal Structure and Characterization
Authors: Kochem Amélie , Gellon Gisèle , Leconte Nicolas , Baptiste Benoit , Philouze Christian , Jarjayes Olivier , Orio Maylis , Thomas Fabrice 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo anilinosalen and a mixed phenol‐anilinosalen ligands involving sterically hindered anilines moieties were synthesized. Their nickel(II) complexes 1, 2, and 3 were prepared and characterized. They could be readily one‐electron oxidized (E1/2=−0.30, −0.26 and 0.10 V vs. Fc+/Fc, respectively) into anilinyl radicals species [1]+, [2]+, and [3]+, respectively. The radical complexes are extremely stable and were isolated as single crystals. X‐ray crystallographic structures reveal that the changes in bond length resulting from oxidation do not exceed 0.02 Å within the ligand framework in the symmetrical [1]+ and [2]+. No quinoid bond pattern was present. In contrast, larger structural rearrangements were evidenced for the unsymmetrical [3]+, with shortening of one CorthoCmeta bond. Radical species [1]+ and [2]+ exhibit a strong absorption band at around 6000 cm−1 (class III mixed valence compounds). This band is significantly less intense than [3]+, consistent with a rather localized anilinyl radical character, and thus a classification of this species as class II mixed‐valence compound. Magnetic and electronic properties, as well as structural parameters, have been computed by DFT methods.