bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccentric Periodization: Comparative Perspectives on the Enlightenment and the Baroque
Authors: Zamora Lois Parkinson 
Published: August 2013

There is no classification of the universe that is not arbitrary and conjectural. … But the impossibility of penetrating the divine scheme of the universe cannot dissuade us from outlining human schemes, even though we are aware that they are provisional.—Jorge Luis Borges, “The Analytical Language of John Wilkins” (104)Our professional practice of grouping cultural products into historical categories has recently been the subject of lively critical discussion, as well as some consternation. Here I want to consider how, and how well, periodization organizes knowledge in the field of comparative literature. Organizing knowledge is what scholars do in all disciplines, of course, but the organizational models differ according to our objects of study. Historians may be the most dependent on schemata of periodization, but literary scholars aren't far behind. Literature curricula in United States universities are largely organized according to diachronic historical categories, whether they are labeled by centuries or by rubrics tied to a historical period's style or ideology or political circumstances. This is not surprising since European periodic categories long precede the establishment of curricula in the United States. Periods are powerful because they carry with them their own historical accumulations and applications, and they become dialectical as we engage their diverse cultural and historical meanings. For this reason, they can be particularly useful to comparatists. Indeed, to speak of any period at all is to make a comparative statement. One period necessarily implies others, each period a part that exists in relation to other parts and to an implied whole—a provisional “classification of the universe,” to quote from the passage by Jorge Luis Borges that I take as my epigraph.
Gwendolyn Bennett's “The Ebony Flute”
Authors: Wheeler Belinda 
Published: August 2013

IntroductionGwendolyn Bennett (1902-81) is often mentioned in books that discuss the harlem renaissance, and some of her poems Occasionally appear in poetry anthologies; but much of her career has been overlooked. Along with many of her friends, including Jessie Redmond Fauset, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen, Bennett was featured at the National Urban League's Civic Club Dinner in March 1924, an event that would later be “widely hailed as a ‘coming out party’ for young black artists, writers, and intellectuals whose work would come to define the Harlem Renaissance” (McHenry 383n100). In the next five years Bennett published over forty poems, short stories, and reviews in leading African American magazines and anthologies, such as Cullen'sCaroling Dusk(1927) and William Stanley Braithwaite'sAnthology of Magazine Verse for 1927;she created magazine cover art that adorned two leading African American periodicals, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People'sCrisis: A Record of the Darker Racesand the National Urban League'sOpportunity: Journal of Negro Life;she worked as an editor or assistant editor of several magazines, includingOpportunity, Black Opals, andFire!;and she wrote a renowned literary column, “The Ebony Flute.” Many scholars, such as Cary Wintz, Abby Arthur Johnson and Ronald Maberry Johnson, and Elizabeth McHenry, recognized the importance of Bennett's column to the Harlem Renaissance in their respective studies, but their emphasis on a larger Harlem Renaissance discussion did not afford a detailed examination of her column.
Land‐use impacts on plant–pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines
Authors: Weiner Christiane Natalie , Werner Michael , Linsenmair Karl Eduard , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: August 2013

Land use is known to reduce the diversity of species and complexity of biotic interactions. In theory, interaction networks can be used to predict the sensitivity of species against co‐extinction, but this has rarely been applied to real ecosystems facing variable land‐use impacts. We investigated plant–pollinator networks on 119 grasslands that varied quantitatively in management regime, yielding 25 401 visits by 741 pollinator species on 166 plant species.Species‐specific plant and pollinator responses to land use were significantly predicted by the weighted average land‐use response of each species' partners. Moreover, more specialized pollinators were more vulnerable than generalists. Both predictions are based on the relative interaction strengths provided by the observed interaction network. Losses in flower and pollinator diversity were linked, and mutual dependence between plants and pollinators accelerates the observed parallel declines in response to land‐use intensification. Our findings confirm that ecological networks help to predict natural community responses to disturbance and possible secondary extinctions.
Enamel Matrix Derivative: Protein Components and Osteoinductive Properties
Authors: Stout Bradshaw M. , Alent Brian J. , Pedalino Peter , Holbrook Ryan , Gluhak‐Heinrich Jelica , Cui Yong , Harris Marie A. , Gemperli Anja C. , Cochran David L. , Deas David E. , Harris Stephen E. 
Published: August 2013

Background: Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has demonstrated the ability to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, the specific elements within the EMD compound responsible for these effects remain unknown.Methods: Nine different protein pools from a commercially produced EMD were collected based on molecular weight. Six of these pools, along with the complete EMD unfractionated compound and positive and negative controls, were tested for their ability to induce bone formation in a calvarial induction assay. Immunocytochemistry of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 (phospho‐SMAD), osterix, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) was carried out at selected time points. Finally, proteomic analysis was completed to determine the specific protein‐peptide content of the various osteoinductive pools.Results: One of the lower‐molecular‐weight pools tested, pool 7, showed bone induction responses significantly greater than those of the other pools and the complete EMD compound and was concentration dependent. Dynamic bone formation rate analysis demonstrated that pool 7 was optimally active at the 5‐ to 10‐μg concentration. It was demonstrated that EMD and pool 7 induced phospho‐SMAD, osterix, and VEGF‐A, which is indicative of increased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Proteomic composition analysis demonstrated that pool 7 had the highest concentration of the biologically active amelogenin–leucine‐rich amelogenin peptide and ameloblastin 17‐kDa peptides.Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that the low‐molecular‐weight protein pools (7 to 17 kDa) within EMD have greater osteoinductive potential than the commercially available complete EMD compound and that the mechanism of action, in part, is through increased BMP signaling and increased osterix and VEGF‐A. With this information, selected components of EMD can now be formulated for optimal osteo‐ and angio‐genesis.
A New King Lear
Authors: Møller Peter Ulf 
Published: August 2013

Un nouveau Roi Lear
Les réactions danoises à la disparition de Tolstoj

L’article donne une vue d’ensemble des réactions danoises à l’annonce de la mort de Tolstoj dans les circonstances dramatiques de 1910. L’article se divise en trois parties. La première est consacrée à la place exceptionnelle que les journaux danois ont accordée à la disparition, la maladie et la mort de Tolstoj à la gare d’Astapovo. Tolstoj a fait la une des journaux pendant plus d’une semaine, et en plus des télégrammes émanant des agences de presse internationales, les journaux ont publié des articles, des nécrologies et des élégies écrites par des journalistes et des écrivains célébres. La seconde partie de l’article se penche sur le numéro spécial de la revue littéraire Ugens Tilskuer consacré à Tolstoj. Il comportait, entre autres, un remarquable poème de Helge Rode qui allait devenir un morceau d’anthologie de la poésie danoise. Rode y comparait la mort de Tolstoj à celle du Roi Lear, en dépit du fait que Tolstoj avait sévèrement critiqué la pièce dans son essai sur Shakespeare. Dans la troisième partie, l’auteur raconte pourquoi le très influent critique danois Georg Brandes n’a curieusement jamais véritablement écrit de nécrologie à la mort de Tolstoj. Tolstoj kak kritik (Tolstoj comme critique), son grand article publié en russe par la revue Russkoe slovo le 17 (30) novembre 1910 et considéré par beaucoup comme une notice nécrologique, est en réalité la traduction et la compilation de plusieurs de ses articles écrits en danois des mois et même des années avant la mort de Tolstoj.
Comparing predictions made by a prediction model, clinical score, and physicians
Authors: Farion K.J. , Michalowski W. , O’Sullivan D. , Sayyad-Shirabad J. , Wilk S. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Background: Asthma exacerbations are one of the most common medical reasons for children to be brought to the hospital emergency department (ED). Various prediction models have been proposed to support diagnosis of exacerbations and evaluation of their severity.
Objectives: First, to evaluate prediction models constructed from data using machine learning techniques and to select the best performing model. Second, to compare predictions from the selected model with predictions from the Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) score, and predictions made by ED physicians.
Design: A two-phase study conducted in the ED of an academic pediatric hospital. In phase 1 data collected prospectively using paper forms was used to construct and evaluate five prediction models, and the best performing model was selected. In phase 2 data collected prospectively using a mobile system was used to compare the predictions of the selected prediction model with those from PRAM and ED physicians.
Measurements: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and accuracy in phase 1; accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in phase 2.
Results: In phase 1 prediction models were derived from a data set of 240 patients and evaluated using 10-fold cross validation. A naive Bayes (NB) model demonstrated the best performance and it was selected for phase 2. Evaluation in phase 2 was conducted on data from 82 patients. Predictions made by the NB model were less accurate than the PRAM score and physicians (accuracy of 70.7%, 73.2% and 78.0% respectively), however, according to McNemar’s test it is not possible to conclude that the differences between predictions are statistically significant.
Conclusion: Both the PRAM score and the NB model were less accurate than physicians. The NB model can handle incomplete patient data and as such may complement the PRAM score. However, it requires further research to improve its accuracy.
Motherhood and the High School Band Director: A Case Study
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kate R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This instrumental case study examined the experiences of a successful female high school band director with regard to the phenomenon of striving to find balance within the dual roles of both mother and high school band director. In particular, this study was guided by the following research questions: (a) What enabling factors does the participant describe with regard to balancing her parenting and professional responsibilities? (b) What inhibiting factors does the participant describe with regard to balancing her parenting and professional responsibilities? Data were collected over a period of 21 months, and data sources included extended participant journals, three in-person interviews, and observational field notes. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the participant’s pursuit of balance was enabled by personal qualities that she possessed, the structure of her work demands, a supportive partner, and a strong passion for both work and home. Analysis also revealed that the participant’s pursuit of balance was inhibited by a lack of time, complicated logistics, particularities of her home/work life, feelings of guilt, and differences she perceived between male and female working parent expectations.
A Descriptive Case Study of Two Veteran String Teachers’ Perceptions of Including Composing in Middle School Orchestra
Authors: Hopkins Michael T. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive case study was to examine two veteran string teachers’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of including a theme and variations composing project in the middle school orchestra curriculum. Specific research questions were: (a) How do the participants describe their musical backgrounds, experiences with composing, and their attitude toward teaching composing? (b) What do the participants perceive as benefits and challenges of including composing in the curriculum? (c) How do the participants’ perceived benefits and challenges of including composing change as a result of including composing in the curriculum? The two participants had extensive and varied musical backgrounds. Neither had been asked to compose music prior to college. Neither received training on teaching composing in college. The perceived challenges described by the participants were the teacher’s role in a composing project, the development, planning and preparation of composing projects, student readiness for composing, impact on performances, and the teacher’s technology skills. The perceived benefits described by the participants included students’ level of engagement when composing, the role of teacher as facilitator, the quality of students’ musical ideas, development of students’ musical understanding, and enhancement of students’ performance skills. Despite recognizing benefits from the composing project, the two participants expressed concerns regarding the amount of time required to implement and assess a composing project, and the lack of pedagogical materials to use for composing projects.
Sexual risk after HIV diagnosis: a comparison of pre‐ART individuals with CD4>500 cells/µl and ART‐eligible individuals in a HIV treatment and care programme in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: McGrath Nuala , Richter Linda , Newell Marie‐Louise 
Published: August 2013

IntroductionLittle is known about people diagnosed as HIV‐positive who access HIV care early in their disease. In pre‐ART studies published to date, only a minority of the participants have CD4>500 cells/µl.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study compared individuals presenting for HIV care with CD4>500 cells/µl, “pre‐ART” (N=247), with individuals who had CD4<200 cells/µl or WHO Stage IV, “ART‐eligible” (N=385). Baseline characteristics were contrasted between the two groups and logistic regression models used to explore group differences in: (a) being sexually active in the last month; (b) disclosure of HIV status to current partner; (c) knowing the HIV status of one's current partner; and (d) condom use at last sex.ResultsPre‐ART and ART‐eligible individuals were similar in terms of a wide range of socio‐demographic characteristics. Controlling for gender, only current sexual behaviour and HIV‐testing history were significantly different between ART groups. In multivariable models, participants in the pre‐ART group were twice as likely to be sexually active in the last month, OR 2.06 95% CI (1.32, 3.21), and to know their partner's status, OR 1.95 (1.18, 3.22) compared to those in the ART‐eligible group. Self‐reported disclosure of HIV status to current sexual partner (71%), condom use at last sex (61%) and HIV concordancy within relationships were not significantly different between the two ART groups. Overall, 39% of the study participants reported knowing that they were in concordant HIV‐positive relationships. Fifty‐five percent of all participants reported not knowing their partner's HIV status, only half of whom reported using a condom at last sex. Pre‐ART individuals were significantly less likely to have tested HIV‐positive for the first time in the last year and to have tested for sickness‐related reasons than the ART‐eligible group.ConclusionsReported sexual risk behaviours by pre‐ART individuals with CD4>500 cells/µl suggest a continued risk of onward HIV transmission. There is a need for positive prevention efforts to target this group given that current treatment guidelines do not provide them with ART. Strengthening support regarding disclosure, partner HIV testing and consistent condom use, and further promotion of HIV testing in the community to assist earlier diagnosis are urgently required.
Predictores asociados a variaciones en puntajes Simce en la región del Biobío
Authors: Orellana Olivares Ricardo Andres , Merino Escobar José Manuel 
Published: August 2013

El creciente interés por contar con investigaciones que expliquendiferencias en resultados académicos en el Sistema de Medición de los Resultadosdel Aprendizaje (Simce) que vayan más allá de la mera construcciónde un «ranking educativo», es el fundamento del propósito principalde este estudio que busca identificar posibles predictores de tipo social, culturalo económico, que incidan de manera estadísticamente significativa envariaciones en los resultados de la prueba mencionada aplicada el año 2009a Cuarto básico. La población comprendida corresponde a la totalidad dela región del Biobío, Chile. Como esta población resulta demasiado extensapara el análisis de nivel individual, se trabajó con las medias comunales delSimce en las 54 comunas que comprenden la mencionada región. El métodode recolección de datos consistió en una búsqueda exhaustiva de la mayorcantidad de predictores disponibles en bases de datos confiables como elCenso, Casen, Sinim y Simce. Los datos obtenidos fueron ordenados, analizadosy correlacionados a través del programa de análisis estadístico SAS.El análisis estadístico de regresión lineal múltiple permitió establecer un modeloóptimo trivariado para la variable dependiente, conformado por lasvariables independientes: evaluación docente, crecimiento anual comunal dela población y porcentaje de acceso a computador. Finalmente, este modelo explicó un 57% de la variación total de los resultados Simce 2009 con unerror alfa de 1 por 10.000
Metodología dialógica e interdisciplina en la extensión universitaria. Reflexiones acerca de una experiencia
Authors: Trotta Lucía , Soza Rossi Paula Viviana 
Published: August 2013

El trabajo es el resultado de nuestras reflexiones sobre la metodologíadialógica y la conformación de equipos interdisciplinarios en procesosde investigación-acción. Las mismas surgieron a partir de una experienciade extensión universitaria desarrollada en la Universidad Nacional de LaPlata, Argentina, en conjunto con la Comisión Provincial por la Memoria(CPM) y la Asociación de Trabajadores del Estado (ATE) de la Provincia deBuenos Aires. El proyecto buscaba el acceso, apropiación y resignificacióncolectiva de los documentos pertenecientes al archivo de la ex Direcciónde Inteligencia de la Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (DIPBA) enposesión de la CPM. Es decir, un encuentro entre esos documentos que conteníanparte de la historia argentina de persecución, represión y prácticasde resistencias, y sus protagonistas. El trabajo busca identificar los nudosproblemáticos y las potencialidades de la experiencia, así como reconstruirla apuesta metodológica que se constituyó a partir de la disposición al diálogoy de la conformación de un nos-otros. En este proceso se analiza lapresencia de una perspectiva dialógica en la conceptualización de la nociónde extensión; en la opción metodológica por la investigación-acción participativay sus tensiones presentes en el campo; en la forma de pensar y actuar interdisciplinariamente construyendo un otro extensionista; y en ladecisión a partir de las necesidades situadas planteadas por los trabajadoresy las trabajadoras de incorporar específicamente el diálogo intergeneracionale intergénero. Una posición que nos permitió un diálogo entre sujetosparticipantes de la experiencia de extensión y la elaboración colectiva de losdenominados procesos de «re» (Vasilachis, 2007). Redefinición de la identidad,redefinición discursiva ante la mirada de los otros (la DIPBA) y unaredefinición de la memoria colectiva de los trabajadores y las trabajadorasdel sindicato a partir de una reconstrucción histórica colectiva. Por último,se plantean los obstáculos y elementos facilitadores que encontramos entodo el proceso, de modo de realizar un aporte que ilumine algunos aspectospara llevar adelante otras experiencias de extensión universitaria exitosas.
Back to the Real: Efficacy and Perception of a Modified Cognitive Interview in the Field
Authors: Colomb Cindy , Ginet Magali , Wright Daniel , Demarchi Samuel , Sadler Christophe 
Published: August 2013

SummarySince the Cognitive Interview (CI) was developed, many experiments have been published, but only two have investigated its efficacy in real criminal cases. Here, a Modified CI (MCI) is tested with real interviews in an inquisitor justice system. Several moderators and the interviewers' attitudes towards the CI/MCI are also examined. Eighty‐one witnesses were interviewed by 27 French military police officers, with a Standard Police Interview, a Structured Interview (SI), or an MCI. The MCI produced the most forensically relevant information, especially for victims. Trainees judged the SI and the MCI useful, usable, and acceptable, and felt efficient in using them, beliefs that increased after 1 year of practice. The self‐efficacy was linked with the declared use of the techniques. In all, this study confirmed the efficacy of the CI/MCI as a tool to be used in the field, with some cautions to be underlined, notably because of the small sample size considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task Importance Effects on Prospective Memory Strategy Use
Authors: Penningroth Suzanna L. , Scott Walter D. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMnemonic strategies generally improve prospective memory (PM) performance. However, little is known about why people use such strategies. In the Motivational‐Cognitive Prospective Memory model, task importance is thought to influence performance via multiple mechanisms, including increased strategy use. Our main purpose was to test this mechanism: higher PM task importance was hypothesized to cause greater strategy use. We also tested whether importance would specifically increase the use of more effective (external) strategies. Participants reported their strategy use for two hypothetical PM tasks. As predicted, they listed more strategies for more important tasks. This result demonstrates one mechanism for motivational effects in early phases of the task. We found weaker support for the prediction that participants would selectively increase their use of better strategies for more important tasks. This finding supports a relatively pessimistic view of meta‐memory in PM, at least when it comes to modulating one's use of dependable strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.