bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edoxaban for treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer
Authors: Di Nisio Marcello , Bleker Suzanne M. , Segers Annelise , Mercuri Michele F. , Schwocho Lee , Kakkar Ajay , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Boda Zoltan , Carrier Marc , Chlumsky Jaromir , Décousus Hervé , Garcia David , Gibbs Harry , Kamphuisen Pieter W. , Monreal Manuel , Ockelford Paul , Pabinger Ingrid , Verhamme Peter , Grosso Michael A. , Büller Harry R. , Raskob Gary E. , van Es Nick 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDirect oral anticoagulants may be effective and safe for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients, but they have not been compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), the current recommended treatment for these patients. The Hokusai VTE-cancer study is a randomised, open-label, clinical trial to evaluate whether edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is non-inferior to LMWH for treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. We present the rationale and some design features of the study. One such feature is the composite primary outcome of recurrent VTE and major bleeding during a 12-month study period. These two complications occur frequently in cancer patients receiving anticoagulant treatment and have a significant impact. The evaluation beyond six months will fill the current gap in the evidence base for the long-term treatment of these patients. Based on the observation that the risk of recurrent VTE in patients with active cancer is similar to that in those with a history of cancer, the Hokusai VTE-cancer study will enrol patients if whose cancer was diagnosed within the past two years. In addition, patients with incidental VTE are eligible because their risk of recurrent VTE is similar to that in patients with symptomatic disease. The unique design features of the Hokusai VTE-cancer study should lead to enrolment of a broad spectrum of cancer patients with VTE who could benefit from oral anticoagulant treatment.
Uncertain thrombophilia markers
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Martinelli Ida , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, may be associated with inherited or acquired risk factors that can be measured in plasma or DNA testing. The main inherited thrombophilias include the plasma deficiencies of the natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C and S; the gain-of-function mutations factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A; some dysfibrinogenaemias and high plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII. Besides these established biomarkers, which usually represent the first-level laboratory tests for thrombophilia screening, a number of additional abnormalities have been less consistently associated with an increased VTE risk. These uncertain causes of thrombophilias will be discussed in this narrative review, focusing on their clinical impact and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Currently, there is insufficient ground to recommend their inclusion within the framework of conventional thrombophilia testing.
Assessment of Myocardial Remodeling Using an Elastin/Tropoelastin Specific Agent with High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Protti Andrea , Lavin Begoña , Dong Xuebin , Lorrio Silvia , Robinson Simon , Onthank David , Shah Ajay M. , Botnar Rene M. 
Published: August 2015

Background

Well‐defined inflammation, proliferation, and maturation phases orchestrate the remodeling of the injured myocardium after myocardial infarction (
MI
) by controlling the formation of new extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix consists mainly of collagen but also fractions of elastin. It is thought that elastin is responsible for maintaining elastic properties of the myocardium, thus reducing the risk of premature rupture. An elastin/tropoelastin–specific contrast agent (Gd‐
ESMA
) was used to image tropoelastin and mature elastin fibers for in vivo assessment of extracellular matrix remodeling post‐
MI
.

Methods and Results

Gd‐
ESMA
enhancement was studied in a mouse model of myocardial infarction using a 7 T
MRI
scanner and results were compared to those achieved after injection of a nonspecific control contrast agent, gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐
DTPA
). In the infarcted tissue, Gd‐
ESMA
uptake (measured as R1 relaxation rate) steadily increased from day 3 to day 21 as a result of the synthesis of elastin/tropoelastin. R1 values were in good agreement with histological findings. A similar R1 behavior was observed in the remote myocardium. No mature cross‐linked elastin was found at any time point. In contrast, Gd‐
DTPA
uptake was only observed in the infarct with no changes in R1 values between 3 and 21 days post‐
MI
.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo imaging of extracellular matrix remodeling post‐
MI
using a tropoelastin/elastin binding
MR
contrast agent, Gd‐
ESMA
. We found that tropoelastin is the main contributor to the increased
MRI
signal at late stages of
MI
where its augmentation in areas of infarction was in good agreement with the R1 increase.
Korean Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Network: Genetic Variants for AF Do Not Predict Ablation Success
Authors: Choi Eue‐Keun , Park Jae Hyung , Lee Ji‐Young , Nam Chung Mo , Hwang Min Ki , Uhm Jae‐Sun , Joung Boyoung , Ko Young‐Guk , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Pak Hui‐Nam 
Published: August 2015

Background

Genomewide association studies have identified several loci associated with atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and have been reportedly associated with response to catheter ablation for
AF
in patients of European ancestry; however, associations between top susceptibility loci and
AF
recurrence after ablation have not been examined in Asian populations. We examined whether the top single nucleotide polymorphisms (
SNP
s) at chromosomes 4q25 (

PITX
2

), 16q22 (

ZFHX
3

), and 1q21 (

KCNN
3

) were associated with
AF
in a Korean population and whether these
SNP
s were associated with clinical outcomes after catheter ablation for
AF
.

Methods and Results

We determined the association between 4
SNP
s and
AF
in 1068
AF
patients who underwent catheter ablation (74.6% male, aged 57.5±10.9 years, 67.9% paroxysmal
AF
) and 1068 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The
SNP
s at the

PITX
2

and

ZFHX
3

loci, but not the

KCNN
3

locus, were significantly associated with
AF
(

PITX
2

/rs6843082_G: odds ratio 3.41, 95%
CI
2.55 to 4.55,
P
=1.32×10
−16
;

PITX
2

/rs2200733_T: odds ratio 2.05, 95%
CI
1.66 to 2.53,
P
=2.20×10
−11
;

ZFHX
3

/rs2106261_A: odds ratio 2.33, 95%
CI
1.87 to 2.91,
P
=3.75×10
−14
;

KCNN
3

/rs13376333_T: odds ratio 1.74, 95%
CI
0.93 to 3.25,
P
=0.085). Among those patients who underwent catheter ablation for
AF
, none of the top
AF
‐associated
SNP
s were associated with long‐term clinical recurrence of
AF
after catheter ablation.

Conclusions

SNP
s at the

PITX
2

and

ZFHX
3

loci were strongly associated with
AF
in Korean patients. In contrast to prior reports, none of the 4 top
AF
‐susceptibility
SNP
s predicted clinical recurrence after catheter ablation.
Association Between Anemia and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Gaartman Aafke E. , Dikstaal Arienne A. , Stam Jan , Middeldorp Saskia , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—
Anemia is often considered to be a risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), but this assumption is mostly based on case reports. We investigated the association between anemia and CVT in a controlled study.

Methods—
Unmatched case–control study: cases were adult patients with CVT included in a single-center, prospective database between July 2006 and December 2014. Controls were subjects from the control population of the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis (MEGA) study. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria: nonpregnant women hemoglobin <7.5 mmol/L, pregnant women <6.9 mmol/L, and men <8.1 mmol/L. We used logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, malignancy, oral contraceptive use, and pregnancy/puerperium.

Results—

We included 152 cases and 2916 controls. Patients with CVT were younger (mean age, 40 versus 48 years) and more often women (74% versus 53%) than controls. Anemia was more frequent in cases (27.0%) than in controls (6.5%;
P
<0.001). Anemia was associated with CVT, both in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–7.9) and after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.8–6.9). Hemoglobin as a continuous variable was inversely associated with CVT (adjusted odds ratio per 1 mmol/L change 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42–0.66). Stratification by sex showed a stronger association between anemia and CVT in men (adjusted odds ratio, 9.9; 95% CI, 4.1–23.8) than in women (3.6; 95% CI, 2.1–6.0).

Conclusion—
Our data suggest that anemia is a risk factor for CVT.
An Analytical Solution for Three-Dimensional Sea–Land Breeze
Authors: Li YaoKun , Chao JiPing 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Based on the hydrostatic, incompressible Boussinesq equations in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the three-dimensional sea–land breeze (SLB) circulation has been elegantly expressed as functions of the surface temperature distribution. The horizontal distribution of the horizontal or vertical motion is determined by the first or second derivative of the surface temperature distribution. For symmetric land–sea and temperature distribution, the full strength of the sea breeze occurs inland but not at the coastline, and the maximum updraft associates with the heating center. Setting the temperature difference between land and sea (TDLS), which varies with the island size, there would exist an optimal island size corresponding to the strongest SLB circulation that weakens with both a larger and smaller island size. Each velocity component approaches a peak at a certain vertical level. Both the peak value and the corresponding vertical level link with the vertical scale of the surface temperature: the more significant the influence of the surface temperature vertically, the stronger the SLB circulation at a higher vertical level it induces. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model's ideal simulation for the two-dimensional sea breeze is applied to verify the theory. Two cases, land breeze and sea breeze, further support the theory's results despite a certain slight discrepancy due to the highly simplified theoretical equations.
Projection of Summer Precipitation over the Southeastern United States in the Superparameterized CCSM4
Authors: Zhu Xiaojie , Stan Cristiana 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Projections of the hydrological cycle over the southeastern United States are compared between CCSM4 and the superparameterized model (SP-CCSM4). Under the extreme forcing of the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) climate change scenario, in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky, SP-CCSM4 projects a decrease in summer precipitation, whereas the conventionally parameterized CCSM4 projects an increase in summer rainfall. The projected reduction in summer precipitation in SP-CCSM4 is due to the remote influence from the northwest intrusion of the North Atlantic subtropical high, as well as the local decrease of soil moisture content. Both models show that summer precipitation over the southern United States is characterized by a positive feedback with soil moisture. However, in CCSM4 rainfall increases with increasing soil moisture and in SP-CCSM4 rainfall decreases with decreasing soil moisture.
The different representation of cloud processes in the two models yields different responses of precipitation to the latent heat flux changes over the southeastern United States. Moreover, multivariate EOF analyses in the two models suggest that the local land–atmosphere interactions have a stronger influence on the projected changes of precipitation over the southeastern United States than does the North Atlantic subtropical high.
Sea-Breeze Dynamics and Convection Initiation: The Influence of Convective Parameterization in Weather and Climate Model Biases
Authors: Birch Cathryn E. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Garcia-Carreras Luis , Ackerley Duncan , Reeder Michael J. , Lock Adrian P. , Schiemann Reinhard 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
There are some long-established biases in atmospheric models that originate from the representation of tropical convection. Previously, it has been difficult to separate cause and effect because errors are often the result of a number of interacting biases. Recently, researchers have gained the ability to run multiyear global climate model simulations with grid spacings small enough to switch the convective parameterization off, which permits the convection to develop explicitly. There are clear improvements to the initiation of convective storms and the diurnal cycle of rainfall in the convection-permitting simulations, which enables a new process-study approach to model bias identification. In this study, multiyear global atmosphere-only climate simulations with and without convective parameterization are undertaken with the Met Office Unified Model and are analyzed over the Maritime Continent region, where convergence from sea-breeze circulations is key for convection initiation. The analysis shows that, although the simulation with parameterized convection is able to reproduce the key rain-forming sea-breeze circulation, the parameterization is not able to respond realistically to the circulation. A feedback of errors also occurs: the convective parameterization causes rain to fall in the early morning, which cools and wets the boundary layer, reducing the land–sea temperature contrast and weakening the sea breeze. This is, however, an effect of the convective bias, rather than a cause of it. Improvements to how and when convection schemes trigger convection will improve both the timing and location of tropical rainfall and representation of sea-breeze circulations.
A Scatterometer Geophysical Model Function for Climate-Quality Winds: QuikSCAT Ku-2011
Authors: Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Wentz Frank J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpace-based observations of ocean surface winds have been available for more than 25 years. To combine the observations from multiple sensors into one record with the accuracy required for climate studies requires a consistent methodology and calibration standard for the various instruments. This study describes a new geophysical model function (GMF) specifically developed for preparing the QuikSCAT winds to serve as a backbone of an ocean vector wind climate data record. This paper describes the methodology used and presents the quality of the reprocessed winds. The new Ku-2011 model function was developed using WindSat winds as a calibration truth. An extensive validation of the Ku-2011 winds was performed that focused on 1) proving the consistency of satellite winds from different sensors at all wind speed regimes; 2) exploring and understanding possible sources of bias in the QuikSCAT retrievals; 3) validating QuikSCAT wind speeds versus in situ observations, and comparing observed wind directions versus those from numerical models; 4) comparing satellite observations of high wind speeds with measurements obtained from aircraft flying into storms; 5) analyzing case studies of satellite-based observations of winds in tropical storms; and 6) illustrating how rain impacts QuikSCAT wind speed retrievals. The results show that the reprocessed QuikSCAT data are greatly improved in both speed and direction at high winds. Finally, there is a discussion on how these QuikSCAT results fit into a long-term effort toward creating a climate data record of ocean vector winds.
Bipolar risk and mental imagery susceptibility in a representative sample of Chinese adults residing in the community
Authors: Ng Roger Man-kin , Heyes Stephanie Burnett , McManus Freda , Kennerley Helen , Holmes Emily A 
Published: August 2015

Background: We need to better understand the cognitive factors associated with risk for bipolar disorders. Recent research suggests that increased susceptibility to mental imagery may be one such factor. However, since this research was primarily conducted with Western students and at a single time-point, it is not known whether the relationship between imagery susceptibility and bipolar symptoms exists across cultures or within the general community, or whether this relationship remains stable over time. Aim: This study evaluated whether Chinese adults identified as being at high (HR) versus low (LR) risk of developing bipolar disorders showed greater mental imagery susceptibility. We aimed to test whether such a relationship was stable over time by measuring imagery characteristics at baseline and at the 7-week follow-up. Method: This prospective study recruited a community sample of N = 80 Chinese adults screened for the absence of neurotic and psychotic disorders. The sample was split into HR ( n = 18) and LR ( n = 62) groups at baseline based on a criterion cut-off score on a measure of hypomania, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Participants completed measures of imagery susceptibility and its impact: the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS) and the Impact of Future Events Scale (IFES), at baseline and 7 weeks later. Results: HR group reported greater tendency to use imagery in daily life (SUIS) and greater emotional impact of prospective imagery (IFES) than LR group at baseline. These results remained stable at follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence for increased susceptibility to mental imagery in individuals at high risk of bipolar disorders recruited from a community sample of Chinese adults. This extends previous research in Western student samples suggesting that imagery (both levels of use and its emotional impact) may be a cognitive factor with cross-cultural relevance that is stable over time.
Accuracy of combined dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging for breast cancer detection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Tang Min , Min Zhiqian , Lu Jun , Lei Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: August 2015

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used to examine patients with suspected breast cancer. Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of combined dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for breast cancer detection. Material and Methods A comprehensive search of the PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to September 2014. Statistical analysis included pooling of sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and diagnostic accuracy using the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC). All analyses were conducted using STATA (version 12.0), RevMan (version 5.2), and Meta-Disc 1.4 software programs. Results Fourteen studies were analyzed, which included a total of 1140 patients with 1276 breast lesions. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of combined DCE-MRI and DWI were 91.6% and 85.5%, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DWI-MRI were 86.0% and 75.6%, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DCE-MRI were 93.2% and 71.1%. The area under the SROC curve (AUC-SROC) of combined DCE-MRI and DWI was 0.94, the DCE-MRI of 0.85. Deeks testing confirmed no significant publication bias in all studies. Conclusion Combined DCE-MRI and DWI had superior diagnostic accuracy than either DCE-MRI or DWI alone for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Arthroscopic Articular Reconstruction of Capitellar Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Gancarczyk Stephanie M. , Makhni Eric C. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Articular reconstruction is recommended for some unstable capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions. Capitellar osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) through an open approach for optimal visualization and perpendicular graft implantation has been advocated. However, arthroscopic capitellar OAT may achieve the same treatment goals with decreased morbidity and ability to treat the entire joint for pathologic changes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability to resurface the capitellum arthroscopically. The hypothesis was that arthroscopy allows sufficient access to facilitate perpendicular graft placement in most clinically significant capitellar OCD lesions. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Arthroscopy was performed on 12 fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows. Of the tunnels created, 21 were used in final analysis. A 6-mm osteochondral transplantation bone graft harvester was used to generate perpendicular recipient sites in the capitellar articular surface. Both central (n = 11) and lateral (n = 10) OCD locations were studied. Fluoroscopy was used to measure the angle of the harvest relative to the axis of the humerus and tunnel perpendicularity. Results: Among central and lateral lesions, the average (±SD) degree of perpendicularity achieved was 85.3° ± 2.9° and 85.8° ± 2.5°, respectively. Perpendicular harvests were achieved in central and lateral lesions as high as 74.9° and 80.4°, anterior to the humeral shaft, respectively. No significant relationship was noted between increasing anterior location and ability to attain perpendicular harvests. Achieving perpendicularity in lesions that were more anterior to these values was not possible due to anatomic constraints of the radial head in maximal elbow flexion. Conclusion: Adequate recipient tunnels were created in lesions that were as high as 75° to 80° anterior to the humeral shaft, which encompasses most clinically relevant lesions. Moreover, increasing the anterior position of the lesion did not compromise the ability to generate perpendicular tunnels. The findings of this cadaveric study suggest that most clinically relevant capitellar osteochondral lesions can be successfully resurfaced arthroscopically. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing an arthroscopic versus open articular reconstruction when indicated for high-grade capitellar OCD lesions. These conclusions afford sports medicine surgeons another tool in the treatment of this challenging condition.