bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysomnographic study of nocturnal sleep in idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
Authors: Pizza Fabio , Ferri Raffaele , Poli Francesca , Vandi Stefano , Cosentino Filomena I. I. , Plazzi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe investigated nocturnal sleep abnormalities in 19 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time (IH) in comparison with two age‐ and sex‐ matched control groups of 13 normal subjects (C) and of 17 patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC), the latter considered as the extreme of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Sleep macro‐ and micro‐ (i.e. cyclic alternating pattern, CAP) structure as well as quantitative analysis of EEG, of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS), and of muscle tone during REM sleep were compared across groups. IH and NC patients slept more than C subjects, but IH showed the highest levels of sleep fragmentation (e.g. awakenings), associated with a CAP rate higher than NC during lighter sleep stages and lower than C during slow wave sleep respectively, and with the highest relative amount of A3 and the lowest of A1 subtypes. IH showed a delta power in between C and NC groups, whereas muscle tone and PLMS had normal characteristics. A peculiar profile of microstructural sleep abnormalities may contribute to sleep fragmentation and, possibly, EDS in IH.
The clinical benefit of blood transfusion: a hypothetical experiment based on a nationwide survey of severe maternal morbidity
Authors: Hendriks J. , Zwart J. J. , Briët E. , Brand A. , van Roosmalen J. 
Published: October 2012

Background  It is beyond doubt that blood transfusion services have added to the decline in maternal mortality in high‐resource countries. To quantify the clinical benefit of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in obstetric care, we performed a hypothetical experimental study using data from a prospective nationwide cohort of women giving birth in the Netherlands.Study Design and Methods  Data were abstracted from a nationwide cohort study on severe maternal morbidity, including obstetric haemorrhage requiring 4 or more units of RBC, to obtain an observed and a hypothetical control group consisting of the same women. In the hypothetical control group, we simulated a situation where RBC transfusion was unavailable and estimated how many of these women would have died in that situation. A questionnaire survey asked experts in major (obstetric) haemorrhage to choose a critical minimal number of RBC transfusions at which a woman with obstetric haemorrhage would have died if RBC transfusion was not available. Maternal mortality rate per 100 000 maternities [maternal mortality ratios (MMR)] and relative risk were calculated for the observed and hypothetical group.Results  The observed MMR was 13 per 100 000 maternities. According to 47 responding experts, the median number of RBC units without which a woman would have most probably died was nine, resulting in a hypothetical MMR of 87 per 100 000 maternities (relative risk 6·5; 95% confidence interval 4·2–10·0).Conclusions  It can be expected that unavailability of RBC transfusion in obstetric care increases the risk of maternal death 6.5‐fold. Blood transfusion thus largely contributes to the decline of MMR and would also be an important pillar of improving quality of care in resource‐poor settings.
A salicylic acid‐induced rice (Oryza sativa L.) transcription factor OsWRKY77 is involved in disease resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lan A. , Huang J. , Zhao W. , Peng Y. , Chen Z. , Kang D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPlant WRKY transcription factors act as either positive or negative regulators of plant basal disease resistance. To comprehensively characterise the complicated functional network, we isolated OsWRKY77 from rice seedlings treated with salicylic acid. OsWRKY77 is a typical WRKY transcription factor, based on in its protein structure analysis, nuclear localisation of the fused OsWRKY77‐GFP protein and gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay binding, which demonstrated that OsWRKY77 was able to bind a W‐box. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing OsWRKY77 repressed growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC300), and the reduced susceptibility was associated with enhanced expression of defence‐related PR1, PR2 and PR5 genes. These results show that OsWRKY77 is a positive regulator of PR gene expression and basal resistance to the bacterial pathogen PstDC3000.
Aqueous fraction of Sauropus androgynus might be responsible for bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: HASHIMOTO IZUMI , IMAIZUMI KAZUYOSHI , HASHIMOTO NAOZUMI , FURUKAWA HIROSHI , NODA YUKIHIRO , KAWABE TSUTOMU , HONDA TOYOHIRO , OGAWA TOMOMI , MATSUO MASAKI , IMAI NAOYUKI , ITO SATORU , SATO MITSUO , KONDO MASASHI , SHIMOKATA KAORU , HASEGAWA YOSHINORI 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) has been reported to develop following ingestion of Sauropus androgynus (SA), a leafy shrub distributed in Southeast Asia. Little is known about direct effects of SA on airway resident cells or haematopoietic cells in vitro. Identification of the SA component responsible for the development of BO would be an important key to elucidate its mechanism. We sought to elucidate the direct effects of SA on airway resident cells or haematopoietic cells and identify the SA element responsible for the pathogenesis of BO.Methods:  SA dry powder was partitioned into fractions by solvent extraction. Human and murine monocytic cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells were cultured with SA solution or fractions eluted from SA. We also investigated the effect of SA in vivo using a murine BO syndrome (BOS) model.Results:  The aqueous fraction of SA induced significant increases of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production from monocytic lineage cells. This fraction also induced significant apoptosis of endothelial cells and enhanced intraluminal obstructive fibrosis in allogeneic trachea allograft in the murine BOS model. We found individual differences in tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) production from monocytes of healthy controls stimulated by this aqueous fraction of SA, whereas it induced high‐level TNF‐α production from monocytes of patients with SA‐induced BO.Conclusions:  These results suggest that an aqueous fraction of SA may be responsible for the pathogenesis of BO.
Alcohol consumption and its impact on the risk of high blood pressure in Russia
Authors: Akhmedjonov Alisher , Suvankulov Farrukh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study aims to examine the causal effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of high blood pressure in Russia.Design and MethodsUsing data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we estimated the influence of alcohol consumption on high blood pressure, controlling for social and other factors related to alcohol use. To address the issue of causality, we instrumented alcohol consumption by the number of frequent alcohol drinkers in the household.ResultsWe found that frequent consumption of vodka and beer has an adverse impact on health. In particular, frequent vodka consumption increases the likelihood of high blood pressure by 2.88% while frequent beer consumption increases it by 2.06%. Controlling for the endogeneity of frequent alcohol consumption using the instrumental variable method produces an even larger effect for frequent vodka consumption, with a marginal effect of 7.23%.Discussion and ConclusionPrevention policies as well as government programs aimed at treating alcohol‐related health outcomes should take into consideration the significant adverse effect of alcohol consumption on high blood pressure. It is also recommended that policy interventions aimed to address alcohol addiction issues in Russia explicitly differentiate between vodka and beer drinkers.
Dependent on one but vulnerable to another: opportunism threats and control solutions for customization providers
Authors: Sridharan VG , Phang Michelle M. S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWhile economic theory suggests that identifying alternate customers is costlier than identifying alternate specialized employees for customization providers, substantial field research evidence indicates the opposite, where providers are reportedly more dependent on employees than customers. We inquire into this contrasting picture between theory and practice through an in‐depth case study that suggests that what begins as customer dependence transforms into vulnerability to employees. While perceived vulnerability to customers is efficiently removed throughex antecontrols, the physical asset specificity in each customer order generates task uncertainty, specialization and teamwork, which become the new sources of opportunism threat for the customization providers. Compounded layers ofex anteandex postcontrols with frequent iterations suggest a need for continuous management (as against removal) of vulnerability to employees.
A GENEALOGY OF CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Beh Eric J. , Lombardo Rosaria 
Published: October 2012

SummaryOver the past half a century correspondence analysis has grown from a little known statistical technique designed to graphically depict the association structure of categorical variables that form a contingency table to a very popular tool used in a wide variety of disciplines. Despite this growth, correspondence analysis remains relatively unknown in some parts of the world, including the Australasian statistical community.This paper provides a non‐technical, bibliographic exploration of correspondence analysis. We take a step back to view the development of this statistical technique and provide a brief account of its genealogy with a selection of over 270 key publications that have contributed to its growth. We also look at its maturity over the decades.
Selwyn, Neil (2011) Education and technologyContinuum (London SE1 & New York) isbn 978‐1‐4411‐5036‐3 197 pp £22.99 http://www.continuumbooks.com/books/detail.aspx?BookId=158591&SubjectId=940
Authors: Thomas Michael 
Published: October 2012

SummaryEducation and technology: Key issues and debates offers an informed and carefully argued perspective on the role of information technology in education, adopting historical and critical perspectives in its attempt to produce a shift towards a more evidence‐based approach. If the book is relevant to you, I recommend that you buy a copy.Michael Thomas
Stergioulas, Lampros & Drenoyianni, Helen ed (2011) Pursuing digital literacy in compulsory educationPeter Lang (New York & Bern) isbn 978‐1‐4331‐0618‐7 269 pp £22 http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=63099&concordeid=310619
Authors: Smyth Robyn 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis is a book for theorists and academics who wish to keep track of the intellectual debate surrounding the nature and composition, breadth and depth of meaning associated with the term “digital literacy”. It provides many perspectives and some research findings; these add to but do not necessarily coalesce into a common description of digital literacy. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I advise that you will probably find only parts of it of interest or use.Robyn Smyth
Judd, Charles M et al (2009) Data analysisRoutledge (New York & London) isbn 978‐0‐8058‐3388‐1 328 pp £42.50 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780805833881/
Authors: Thomas Michael 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis book is the second edition of an earlier 1989 text that deals with an integrated approach to data analysis and statistics suitable for advanced undergraduates, taught postgraduates and doctoral students. It is based on an integrated approach in which each chapter builds the foundations for an accumulated understanding of the subject. If you feel its content likely to be relevant, I recommend you buy a copy for your own use.Michael Thomas
Mehlenbacher, Brad (2010) Instruction and technologyMIT Press (Cambridge MA & London) isbn 978‐0‐262‐01394‐9 495 pp £25.95 http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=12243
Authors: Johnson Mike 
Published: October 2012

SummaryAnyone involved with learning technology, especially within higher education, should at least know about this text, and preferably read large chunks of it. The author adroitly surveys the field and then explains it without avoiding its subtleties as too many have done. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend you borrow a copy.Mike Johnson
On the Distribution and Merger ofIsandBiðin Old and Middle English
Authors: Petré Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article accounts for the transition of Old Englishis‘is’ andbið‘will be’ from separate verbs with an overlapping past tensewæsinto a single, non‐overlapping suppletive paradigm in Middle English, in whichisbecame limited to the indicative singular andbiðto the indicative plural and all other forms. I first analyse the synchronic situation in Old English, showing thatiswas mainly used for predicating present states of specific subjects, and in identifying clauses. By contrast,biðwas used to encode future situations and generic statements, which are connected to future situations through their implication of future validity (compare expressions likeboys will be boys). Importantly, the high frequency of generic statements, which are about kinds instead of individuals, also led to plural forms ofbiðbeing more salient than those ofis. Second, I show how environmental constructional change can account for their merger. Specifically, the grammaticalization of the construction [shallInf] brought about semantic erosion of the sense of futurity inbið. The subsequent semantic confusion betweenbiðandisled to a reanalysis of their distribution, which was guided by their number asymmetry:biðwas restricted to plural andisto singular number.
Association of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms (–460C/T, +405G/C and +936T/C) with Endometriosis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Wu Wei , Sun Hong , Lu Jing , Yuan Beilei , Xia Yankai , De Moor Bart , Marchal Kathleen , Wang Xinru , Xu Peizhen , Cheng Wenjun 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPublished data on the association between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene –460C/T (rs833061), +405G/C (rs2010963), +936T/C (rs3025039) polymorphisms and endometriosis risk are inconclusive. Eleven eligible case‐control studies including 2690 cases and 2803 controls were included in this meta‐analysis through searching the databases of PubMed and CBMdisc (up to August 1, 2011). In the overall analysis, no significant association between the –460C/T and +405G/C polymorphisms and risk of endometriosis was observed. However, significant associations were observed between endometriosis risk and VEGF+936T polymorphism with summarized odds ratio of 1.19 (95%CI, 1.02–1.37), 1.18 (95%CI, 1.03–1.37), 1.15 (95%CI, 1.01–1.30) for CT versus CC genotype, dominant mode (CT/TT vs. CC) and allele comparison (T vs. C), respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis showed that significantly strong association between +936T/C polymorphism and endometriosis was present only in stage III–IV (OR = 1.32 for dominant mode; OR = 1.30 for T vs. C), but not in stage I–II. However, no significantly increased risk of endometriosis was found in any of the genetic models in Asians or in Caucasians. This meta‐analysis supports that VEGF+936T/C polymorphism is capable of causing endometriosis susceptibility.
Rhetoric and Reality? Unilateralism and the Obama Administration
Authors: Kelley Christopher S. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThe objectives of this article are to examine the concept of presidential unilateralism in the Obama administration. The research to date suggests that unilateralism in a presidency occurs once the political conditions for a president become unstable—drop in public opinion, loss of congressional support, etc. This article argues that the Obama administration came to office with the assumption that those conditions would naturally occur, thus began to prepare to act unilaterally from the outset.MethodsThis article uses official White House memoranda coupled with an examination of presidential signing statements to support the argument.ResultsPresident Obama made it difficult to track the use of the signing statement by discontinuing use of the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents in the first days of the administration as well as a redesign of the White House website to make it hard to determine which signing statements made constitutional challenges to provisions of law and which did not, all without drawing much attention from the public, the press, or the Congress.ConclusionsObama has governed very much like his predecessors, where acting unilaterally is concerned. He has continued to use the signing statement much like his predecessors with an eye toward keeping his actions hidden from public view.
The Chicago Clan: The Chiefs of Staff in the Obama White House
Authors: Cohen David B. , Hult Karen M. , Walcott Charles E. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThis article examines the roles, responsibilities, and performance of the first two White House chiefs of staff during the Obama administration: Rahm Emanuel and William Daley.MethodsData are drawn and analyzed from academic and media resources, original interviews conducted by the authors with former staff in the Obama White House, and public documents.ResultsPerhaps the most high‐profile chief of staff in history, Rahm Emanuel was an important, but at times, ineffective advisor to, and proxy of, the president. He also served as a sturdy guardian, despite evident disagreement on policy priorities and strategies. His focus on shorter term tactics and his weakness as an honest broker negatively impacted the Obama administration. Emanuel's successor, William Daley, initially brought needed discipline and focus to a White House riven by factions. Daley, however, lasted only a year as he never fully adjusted to the demands of the job nor did he appear to fully appreciate the depth of the partisan polarization and hostility in Washington.ConclusionThe Obama administration's first two chiefs of staff had to navigate a challenging environment in an administration filled with strong personalities and tested by events including the financial crisis and recession, passage of the health‐care legislation, the 2010 midterm election debacle, the debt‐ceiling crisis, and a number of foreign policy challenges in the Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan. Though very different in terms of personality, style, and the roles they emphasized during their tenures, both chiefs of staff were largely ineffective, thus diminishing the performance of the president and administration.
Age, Nursing Home Residence, and Presentation of Urinary Tract Infection in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2001–2008
Authors: Caterino Jeffrey M. , Ting Sarah A. , Sisbarro Sarah G. , Espinola Janice A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: October 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1173–1180 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Current outpatient diagnostic algorithms for urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults require the presence of classic signs and symptoms of UTI, such as fever and genitourinary symptoms. However, older adults with UTI may present with atypical signs and symptoms. The objective was to identify the associations of age and nursing home status with the clinical presentation of emergency department (ED) patients diagnosed with UTI.Methods:  This was a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of the 2001–2008 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), ED component. Participants were adult ED patients diagnosed with UTI. Outcome variables were presence of fever, altered mental status, and urinary tract symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for each outcome. Age and nursing home status were the independent variables of interest. Age was divided into adults 18 to 64 years, older adults 65 to 84 years, and oldest adults 85 years of age and older.Results:  There were 25.4 million ED visits in which UTI was diagnosed from 2001 through 2008, including 5.0 million in older adults and 2.2 million in the oldest adults. Fever was present in 13% of adults, 21% of older adults, and 19% of the oldest adults. Altered mental status was present in 1% of adults, 7% of older adults, and 13% of the oldest adults. Urinary tract symptoms were identified in 32% of adults, 24% of older adults, and 17% of the oldest adults. In multivariable analysis, altered mental status was more common in older adults (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94) and in the oldest adults (OR = 2.49). Urinary tract symptoms were less common in older adults (OR = 0.60) and the oldest adults (OR = 0.48). Nursing home residence was associated with increased fever (OR = 1.63) and altered mental status (OR = 4.79) and with decreased urinary tract symptoms (OR = 0.35).Conclusions:  Fever and urinary tract symptoms are absent in a large proportion of adults over 65 years of age diagnosed with UTI in the ED. Age over 65 years and nursing home residence are associated with increased presence of altered mental status and with lack of urinary tract symptoms. Nursing home residence is also associated with increased presence of fever. Emergency physicians (EPs) continue to diagnose UTI in patients without classic symptoms. Diagnostic criteria for UTI among adults 65 years and over specifically designed for use in the acute care setting should be developed and validated to prevent both inappropriate overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of UTI.
Physical Restraint and Near Death of a Psychiatric Patient
Authors: Nissen Trygve , Rørvik Per , Haugslett Laila , Wynn Rolf 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPhysical restraint is used as a last resort emergency measure to calm and safeguard agitated and/or aggressive psychiatric patients. This can sometimes cause injuries, and rare fatalities have occurred. One mechanism of injury and death while in physical restraint is that of severe asphyxiation. We present the case of a hospitalized man in his mid‐30s, suffering from schizophrenia. The patient was obese. He became aggressive and had to be manually restrained with a “takedown.” After having been put in the prone position on the floor with a significant weight load on his body, he lost respiration and consciousness. Subsequently, he was given CPR. He regained consciousness and respiration, while the cyanosis receded in 1–2 min. Psychiatrists and pathologists should be aware that physically restraining a patient in the prone position with a significant weight load on the torso can, in rare cases, lead to asphyxiation.
Estimation of Ancestry Using Dental Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe use of dental morphological characteristics to estimate the ancestry of skeletal remains commonly includes few traits, combines dental traits with other skeletal characteristics, and is nonstatistical. Here, discriminant function equations for estimating whether an unknown person was African American or European American, or Hispanic American are presented. Equations were developed from observations of 29 dental traits in 509 individuals. These equations were then applied to the original sample and a test sample (n = 40). Correct assignment rates for estimating African or European American versus Hispanic American range from 66.7 to 89.3%. Correct assignment of African Americans versus European Americans is 71.4 to 100%. Correct geographic assignment of Hispanics from South Florida or New Mexico range from 46.2 to 72.7%. Various discriminant equations using combinations of characteristics are provided. Coupled with the error estimates, these equations offer an important step in the use of dental morphology in contemporary, post‐Daubert forensic science.