bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of biosurfactants on the viability and proliferation of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Duarte Cristina , Gudiña Eduardo J , Lima Cristovao F , Rodrigues Ligia R 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Biosurfactants are molecules with surface activity produced by microorganisms that can be used in many biomedical applications. The anti-tumour potential of these molecules is being studied, although results are still scarce and few data are available regarding the mechanisms underlying such activity. In this work, the anti-tumour activity of a surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis 573 and a glycoprotein (BioEG) produced by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei A20 was evaluated. Both biosurfactants were tested against two breast cancer cell lines, T47D and MDA-MB-231, and a non-tumour fibroblast cell line (MC-3 T3-E1), specifically regarding cell viability and proliferation. Surfactin was found to decrease viability of both breast cancer cell lines studied. A 24 h exposure to 0.05 g l-1 surfactin led to inhibition of cell proliferation as shown by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Similarly, exposure of cells to 0.15 g l-1 BioEG for 48 h decreased cancer cells’ viability, without affecting normal fibroblasts. Moreover, BioEG induced the cell cycle arrest at G1 for both breast cancer cell lines. The biosurfactant BioEG was shown to be more active than surfactin against the studied breast cancer cells. The results gathered in this work are very promising regarding the biosurfactants potential for breast cancer treatment and encourage further work with the BioEG glycoprotein.
Human adipose tissue-resident monocytes exhibit an endothelial-like phenotype and display angiogenic properties
Authors: Navarro Amparo , Marín Severiano , Riol Nicasia , Carbonell-Uberos Francisco , Miñana María Dolores 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Adipose tissue has the unique property of expanding throughout adult life, and angiogenesis is required for its growth. However, endothelial progenitor cells contribute minimally to neovascularization. Because myeloid cells have proven to be angiogenic, and monocytes accumulate in expanding adipose tissue, they might contribute to vascularization.

Methods
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from human adipose tissue were magnetically separated according to CD45 or CD14 expression. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were obtained from SVF CD45- cells. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells and then cultured with SVF-derived MSCs. Freshly isolated or cultured cells were characterized with flow cytometry; the conditioned media were analyzed for the angiogenic growth factors, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with Luminex Technology; their angiogenic capacity was determined in an in vivo gelatinous protein mixture (Matrigel) plug angiogenesis assay.

Results
CD45+ hematopoietic cells within the SVF contain CD14+ cells that co-express the CD34 progenitor marker and the endothelial cell antigens VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2/KDR), VEGFR1/Flt1, and Tie2. Co-culture experiments showed that SVF-derived MSCs promoted the acquisition of KDR and Tie-2 in PB monocytes. MSCs secreted significant amounts of Ang-2 and HGF, but minimal amounts of bFGF, G-CSF, or GM-CSF, whereas the opposite was observed for SVF CD14+ cells.
Additionally, SVF CD14+ cells secreted significantly higher levels of VEGF and bFGF than did MSCs. Culture supernatants of PB monocytes cultured with MSCs contained significantly higher concentrations of VEGF, HGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF than did the supernatants from cultures without MSCs. Quantitative analysis of angiogenesis at 14 days after implantation demonstrated that neovascularization of the implants containing SVF CD14+ cells or PB monocytes previously co-cultured with MSCs was 3.5 or 2 times higher than that observed in the implants with SVF-derived MSCs. Moreover, immunofluorescence of Matrigel sections revealed that SVF CD14+ cells differentiated into endothelial cells and contributed to vascular endothelium.

Conclusions
The results from this study suggest that adipose tissue-resident monocytes should contribute to tissue vascularization. Because SVF CD14+ cells were more efficient in inducing angiogenesis than SVF-derived MSCs, and differentiated into vascular endothelial cells, they may constitute a new cell source for cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis.
Synthesis of Metallo-supramolecular Polymers with a Bis-ONO-tridentate Ligand by Coordination Programming
Authors: Kanao Miki , Higuchi Masayoshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A novel ONO-type bis-tridentate ligand L1 was synthesized by a diazocoupling reaction of 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine with 6-octyl-2-naphthol in 58% yield. Azo-hydrazo tautomerization in L1 was indicated by the NMR and IR spectra. The 1:1 complexation of L1 and Mn(III) or Co(II) ions was confirmed by titration experiments at room temperature. Mn-, Co-, and Cr-based metallo-supramolecular polymers were prepared via the 1:1 complexation of the ditopic ligand with the metal ions at 100 °C. The Mn- and Cr-based polymers exhibited reversible redox properties.
Effect of Lipid Amount on Surfactant-free Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Formation by Hot Homogenization
Authors: Oshitani Jun , Murakami Natsumi , Yoshida Mikio , Ishida Naoyuki , Imamura Koreyoshi , Ichikawa Hideki 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The yield and size distribution of surfactant-free solid lipid nanoparticles (SF-SLNs) formed by hot homogenization were investigated by changing the amount of lipid (palmitic acid). The yield was 100% and monodispersed same-sized particles of 120–200 nm were formed at the lipid amount ≤2.8 × 10−4 g-lipid (g-water)−1. The yield decreased owing to phase separation, and the size increased “step-likely” to be 200–350 nm while keeping the monodispersity when the lipid amount was just above 2.8 × 10−4 g-lipid (g-water)−1. The size and the lipid amount continued to increase gradually at the lipid amount &gt;2.8 × 10−4 g-lipid (g-water)−1. The results indicate that submicron-sized solid lipid particles can be formed without surfactants and that the decrease of yield and the step-like increase of particle size occur at the same lipid amount. The total surface area of the SF-SLNs was estimated using the experimental data. It is suggested that the total surface area and the lipid amount are correlated to each other.
Reciprocity in the Principal–Multiple Agent Model
Authors: De Marco Giuseppe , Immordino Giovanni 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper studies how incentives are affected by intention-based reciprocity preferences when the principal hires many agents. Our results describe the set of agents’ sensitivities to reciprocity required to sustain a given strategy profile. We also show that hiring reciprocal agents to implement a first- or a second-best contract will always benefit the principal if the strategy profile is symmetric. Instead, when the profile (first or second best) is asymmetric the principal’s interest might be better served by self-interested agents. We conclude the paper by clarifying when symmetric profiles are most likely to arise.
Moral Hazard and Tradeable Pollution Emission Permits
Authors: Alvarez Francisco , Camiña Ester 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe consider a market for pollution emission permits in a model in which pollution, generated as by-product of firm’s activity, is determined as the sum of firm-specific random shocks and each firm’s abatement effort. In such a setting, an expected utility maximizing society demands an efficient abatement effort from each firm. We assume that the abatement effort is decided by each firm and is not observed by the environmental regulator. This leads to a moral hazard problem between firms (agents) and the regulator (principal). The regulator assigns contracts to each firm, each contract consisting of an amount of permits and a linear fine for over-polluting firms. We distinguish those policies where the regulator assigns a low number of permits (restrictive policies) and policies where the number of permits to distribute is high (permissive policies). We show that in a context of restrictive policies there exist policies that achieve efficiency and do not need to discriminate in terms of penalties among over-polluting firms when a market for permits is allowed to operate. We also find that the regulator can set up policies with low penalty levels for almost all firms. Finally, we show that in a context of permissive policies, the market leads to the same efficiency-inducing fine scheme than the corresponding one under autarky.
Defensive medicine and diagnostic testing
Authors: Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Defensive medicine often involves the excessive ordering of diagnostic tests. Constantly aware of the risk of malpractice liability, physicians turn to diagnostic tests with the goal of reducing the likelihood of error. Findings reported in literature suggest that medical malpractice contributes significantly to the increased use of diagnostic testing and related costs. It has also been demonstrated that defensive testing not only increases costs but harms patients to a degree that depends on the risk incurred by the test itself, its false-positive and false-negative rates, the benefits and risks of available therapies, and the prior probability of disease. Several solutions have been proposed in the attempt to address this issue, but the physician’s competence and training appear to be key factors, data from clinical trials showing that education and feedback for improving test-ordering tendencies have a prolonged effect. Particularly in the field of laboratory medicine, increasing attention is being paid to improving demand management in order to minimize inappropriate testing.
Informationswissenschaft an deutschsprachigen Universitäten – eine komparative informetrische Analyse
Authors: Friedländer Mathilde B. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungUntersucht wurden die Institute für Informationswissenschaft folgender Universitäten: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Karl-Franzens- Universität Graz, Universität Hildesheim und Universität Regensburg. Für die Erhebung der Messdaten dienten die Publikationslisten aller Mitarbeiter, die an den Instituten tätig waren. Für den Zeitraum von 2003 bis einschließlich 2012 wurden über 1.000 Publikationen ermittelt. Indikatoren der szientometrischen Analyse sind die Anzahl der Publikationen, der Dokumenttyp, der Abdeckungsgrad in Fachdatenbanken, die Zitationen und der h-Index. Ausgewählte Fachdatenbanken sind Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Mendeley, CiteULike und BibSonomy. Auftretende Fehler in den Datenbanken sind genau dokumentiert und Gegenstand der Auswertung. Anhand der erhobenen Werte werden die betrachteten Institute in Relation zueinander gesetzt. Der Vergleich bezieht sich auf den Abdeckungsgrad in den zur Recherche verwendeten Datenbanken, die Produktivität sowie den wissenschaftlichen Einfluss der jeweiligen Institute.
Natural radioactivity measurements in agricultural
soil, fertilizer and crops in some specific areas of Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
Authors: Latif Shaikh Abdul , Kinsara Abdulraheem Abdulrahman , Molla Nurul Islam , Nassef Mohamed Hamed 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectrometry with 500 cc Marinelli beaker geometry was used for radioactivity
measurement in some specific areas of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The detection limits of 210Pb,
238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil, fertilizers, and vegetables lie mostly
below 1 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of 238U and 226Ra in local phosphate fertilizers
were measured in the range of 236.8–879.0 Bq/kg and 101.5–297.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective
activity concentrations of 238U and 226Ra measured in one charge of German phosphate fertilizer are in
the range of 552.7–790.0 Bq/kg and 280.6–317.0 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of
232Th are assessed to have maximum values up to 2.24 Bq/kg in locally manufactured phosphate
fertilizers. Local urea exhibited concentration level (Bq/kg) of 210Pb, 238U, 226Ra,
232Th and 40K below the detection limit. Mean values of activity concentrations of 238U in
agricultural soil of Wadi Fatima, Taif, Hada Al-Sham, Madina City and Abyar Al-MashiMadina are 21.7 ± 3.24, 38.2 ± 4.1,
17.6 ± 2.1, 34.3 ± 3.5 and 32.7 ± 2.4 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective mean of 226Ra activity
concentrations in those areas are 12.16 ± 1.16, 20.2 ± 1.33, 11.21 ± 0.4, 21.4 ± 1.7 and
21.0 ± 1.22 Bq/kg. The specific activity of 232Th in the respective areas has been measured as
12.6 ± 1.3, 25.3 ± 0.8, 11.5 ± 0.9, 20.4 ± 2.4 and 20.0 ± 1.2 Bq/kg. Activity concentrations of
210Pb, 238U, 226Ra and 232Th in the vegetable samples are mostly found in the
range of 0.37 Bq/kg to 37.8 Bq/kg. The 40K specific activity lies in the range of
44.4–196 Bq/kg. The calculated absorbed dose rates in the representative locations are
24.07–53.28 nGy/h.
Excitation functions and yields for cyclotron production of radiorhenium via deuteron irradiation:
natW(d,xn)181,182(A+B),183,184(m+g),186gRe nuclear reactions and tests on the production of 186gRe using
enriched 186W
Authors: Manenti Simone , Persico Elisa , Abbas Kamel , Bonardi Mauro L. , Gini Luigi , Groppi Flavia , Holzwarth Uwe , Simonelli Federica 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Excitation functions, thin- and thick-target yields for the
181−186gRe and 187W radionuclides were
measured by the activation stacked-foil thecnique on natural tungsten
foils for deuteron energies up to 18.0 MeV. These cross
sections were validated by comparing the experimental results for
thick-target yields with those calculated by integration of the
thin-target yields. It was found that the maximum
186gRe content by irradiation of natural tungsten
is about 55%, a higher value compared with the one found for
proton beam, but not sufficient to use natural tungsten for medical
purposes yet. Thus, in order to have a higher specific activity
A
S of 186gRe, the use of enriched
186W target is necessary. Therefore the irradiation of
a thick target of enriched 186W by accelerated deuterons
was studied and the results for the production of
186gRe were compared with those obtained from the
irradiation of the same target by accelerated protons. It was found
that the deuteron irradiation is preferable for three reasons: larger
yield, less contamination by tantalum radioisotopes and smaller
required amount of the target, which simplify the separation of the
186gRe from the target itself.
Studies on U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr alloys for determination of Cl and F using pyrohydrolysis
Authors: Mishra Vivekchandra Guruprasad , Sali Sanjay Krishnarao , Shah Dipti Jayesh , Thakur Uday Kumar , Sawant Ramesh Mahadeo , Tomar Bhupendra Singh 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Pyrohydrolysis method was studied for the separation of Cl and F from U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr alloy nuclear
fuels and determination by ion chromatography. A detailed study was performed on pyrohydrolysed
products of U-Zr alloy, obtained on heating in moist argon and oxygen atmospheres using X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimtric methods. Using oxygen as the carrier gas pyrohydrolysis
performed at 900 ℃ was complete within 30 min. It was found that, moist
oxygen as carrier gas only could open the matrix completely within stipulated time. This was
attributed to the formation of α-U3O8, which was not possible in moist argon
heating for 30 min. The pyrohydrolysis in moist Ar required 60–90 min for
complete removal of halides. The method was then successfully extrapolated to U-Pu-Zr alloys. The
results showed recovery up to 90% or above for the optimized conditions.
Thermodynamic model for the solubility of Ba(SeO4, SO4) precipitates
Authors: Rai Dhanpat , Felmy Andrew R. , Moore Dean A. , Kitamura Akira , Yoshikawa Hideki , Doi Reisuke , Yoshida Yasushi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The solubility of Ba(SeO4, SO4) precipitates was determined as a function of the BaSeO4 mole fractions, ranging from
0.0015 to 0.3830, and time with an equilibration period extending to as long as 302 days. Equilibrium/steady state conditions in this
system are reached in ≤ 65 days. Pitzer's ion interaction model was used to calculate solid and aqueous phase activity
coefficients. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the data do not satisfy Gibbs-Duhem equation, thereby demonstrating that
a single-solid solution phase does not control both the selenate and sulfate concentrations. Our extensive data with log 10 [Ba]
ranging from − 3.6 to −5.9 mol kg
–1, log 10 [SeO4] ranging from − 3.6 to −5.2 mol kg
–1,
and log 10 [SO4] ranging from − 4.0 to −5.3 mol kg
–1 can be explained with the formation of an ideal
BaSeO4 solid solution phase that controls the selenium concentrations and a slightly disordered/less-crystalline BaSO4(s)
(log 10
K
○
sp =− 9.5 instead of − 10.05 for barite) that controls the sulfate concentrations. In these
experiments the BaSO4 component of the solid solution phase never reaches thermodynamic equilibrium with the aqueous
phase. Thermodynamic interpretations of the data show that both the ideal BaSeO4 solid solution phase and less-crystalline
BaSO4(s) phase are in equilibrium with each other in the entire range of BaSeO4 mole fractions investigated in this study.
2s-Excitation and Photoionization of Neon Clusters
Authors: Flesch Roman , Kosugi Nobuhiro , Knop-Gericke Axel , Rühl Eckart 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Variable size neon clusters consisting mostly of surface sites are
investigated in the Ne 2s regime (44–50 eV), which is
characterized by Rydberg-/exciton-transitions. Distinct changes in
peak shape are observed upon the transition from the atom to clusters
as probed by yields of mass selected cations and threshold
photoelectron spectra, where changes in coupling to the underlying 2p
continuum are observed in clusters. Cluster size dependent changes in
cation yields are observed and rationalized in terms of a plausible
autoionization mechanism, which involves 2s ionization and is followed
by charge delocalization via Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD). Size-
and site-dependent changes in energy position of the Rydberg states as
well as 2s ionization energy are also observed. These results are
interpreted along with model calculations which allow us to assign the
experimental results in greater detail. The experimental and
theoretical results are also used to deduce the exchange interaction
of the Rydberg electron with the surrounding atoms and the induced
polarization of the surrounding atoms in small neon clusters.
InAspergillus nidulansthe SuppressorssuaAandsuaCCode for Release Factors eRF1 and eRF3 andsuaDCodes for a Glutamine tRNA
Authors: Liu Wen , Mellado Laura , Espeso Eduardo A , Sealy-Lewis Heather M 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn Aspergillus nidulans, after extensive mutagenesis, a collection of mutants was obtained and four suppressor loci were identified genetically that could suppress mutations in putative chain termination mutations in different genes. Suppressor mutations in suaB and suaD have a similar restricted spectrum of suppression and suaB111 was previously shown to be an alteration in the anticodon of a gln tRNA. We have shown that like suaB, a suaD suppressor has a mutation in the anticodon of another gln tRNA allowing suppression of UAG mutations. Mutations in suaA and suaC had a broad spectrum of suppression. Four suaA mutations result in alterations in the coding region of the eukaryotic release factor, eRF1, and another suaA mutation has a mutation in the upstream region of eRF1 that prevents splicing of the first intron within the 5′UTR. Epitope tagging of eRF1 in this mutant results in 20% of the level of eRF1 compared to the wild-type. Two mutations in suaC result in alterations in the eukaryotic release factor, eRF3. This is the first description in Aspergillus nidulans of an alteration in eRF3 leading to suppression of chain termination mutations.
Fatores que interferem na amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares em crianças
Authors: Benevides Silvia Damasceno , Araujo Roberto Paulo , Garcia Diodete Grisi Bacelar , Ribeiro Camila de Oliveira , Mello Sandra Maria Ferraz 
Published: April 2014

Objetivo: identificar os fatores que possam influenciar na amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares (AMMs) em crianças.Métodos: participaram 181 escolares, ambos os gêneros, 8 a 12 anos, assintomáticas para Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM), segundo o RDC/ TMD. Realizou-se a mensuração da amplitude da abertura oral máxima (AOM), movimentos excursivos de lateralidade direita (LD), esquerda (LE) e protrusão (Prot), sendo aferidas medidas milimétricas com o Paquímetro Digital Starret Série 799. Nutricionistas registraram as avaliações antropométricas de peso e altura.Resultados: dados médios do peso e altura foram 32,23 ± 8,74 kg e 137,42 ± 9,52 cm, respectivamente. Para o gênero masculino encontrou-se os valores: 49,59 ± 5,03mm, na AOM; 8,40 ± 1,74mm, na LD; 8,45 ± 1,91, nas LE e 7,60± 1,90mm, na Prot e no gênero feminino: 49,06± 4,43mm, na AOM; 7,77 ±1,87mm, na LD; 8,02 ±1,91mm, na LE e 6,89± 1,74, na Prot. A correlação entre a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares e o peso não se mostrou significante (P>0,05). As variáveis mais influentes para a AMMs foram gênero, idade e altura. No entanto, o gênero não se mostrou correlacionado com a abertura oral máxima e lateralidade esquerda, e sem interferência, após aplicada a regressão, para os movimentos mandibulares estudados, exceto a protrusão (p=0,001).Conclusão: os fatores interferentes na amplitude dos movimentos de abertura oral máxima, lateralidade direita, lateralidade esquerda e protrusão foram: idade, gênero e altura para a amostra estudada, sendo o gênero, a variável menos expressiva. Sugere-se nas avaliações clínicas, que a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares seja registrada, considerando as variáveis mencionadas, especialmente a idade e altura, para crianças de idade entre 8 e 12 anos.
What Drives Auditor Selection?
Authors: Almer Elizabeth Dreike , Philbrick Donna R. , Rupley Kathleen Hertz 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARY
This study provides evidence on the factors that currently impact audit committee members' selection of external auditors. Using a two-stage approach, we survey and interview public company audit committee members (ACMs), and find evidence that management continues to provide input into the decision process even as SOX regulations require audit committees to take responsibility for the auditor selection decision. ACMs view management as an important information source when they assess the proposing audit partner's reputation for accessibility, timeliness, and ability to liaise with the firm's national technical office, as well as the proposing audit firm's technical and industry expertise. Results of this study can help firms be more competitive in the audit bidding process, inform policy makers when considering whether to impose further audit committee regulations, and aid academics in ensuring an up-to-date understanding of the audit committee's role in the auditor selection process.