bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Pediatric Intestinal Failure
Authors: Mehta Nilesh M. , Raphael Bram , Guteirrez Ivan M. , Quinn Nicolle , Mitchell Paul D. , Litman Heather J. , Jaksic Tom , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to examine the agreement of multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry with reference methods for body composition assessment in children with intestinal failure (IF).Methods:We conducted a prospective pilot study in children 14 years or younger with IF resulting from either short bowel syndrome or motility disorders. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between BIA and deuterium dilution in measuring total body water (TBW) and lean body mass (LBM), and between BIA and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring LBM and fat mass (FM). FM and percent body fat (%BF) measurements by BIA and anthropometry were also compared in relation to those measured by deuterium dilution.Results:Fifteen children with IF, median (interquartile range) age 7.2 (5.0, 10.0) years, and 10 (67%) boys, were studied. BIA and deuterium dilution were in good agreement with a mean bias (limits of agreement) of 0.9 (−3.2 to 5.0) for TBW (L) and 0.1 (−5.4 to 5.6) for LBM (kg) measurements. The mean bias (limits) for FM (kg) and %BF measurements were 0.4 (−3.8 to 4.6) kg and 1.7 (−16.9 to 20.3)%, respectively. The limits of agreement were within 1 standard deviation of the mean bias in 12 of 14 (86%) subjects for TBW and LBM, and in 11 of 14 (79%) for FM and %BF measurements. Mean bias (limits) for LBM (kg) and FM (kg) between BIA and DXA were 1.6 (−3.0 to 6.3) kg and −0.1 (−3.2 to 3.1) kg, respectively. Mean bias (limits) for FM (kg) and %BF between anthropometry and deuterium dilution were 0.2 (−4.2 to 4.6) and −0.2 (−19.5 to 19.1), respectively. The limits of agreement were within 1 standard deviation of the mean bias in 10 of 14 (71%) subjects.Conclusions:In children with IF, TBW and LBM measurements by multifrequency BIA method were in agreement with isotope dilution and DXA methods, with small mean bias and clinically acceptable limits of agreement. In comparison with deuterium dilution, BIA was comparable to anthropometry for FM and %BF assessments with small mean bias, but the limits of agreement were large. BIA is a reliable method for TBW and LBM assessments in population studies; however, its reliability in individual patients, especially for FM assessments, cannot be guaranteed.
An improved model for the cost of quality
Authors: Khaled Omar Mohamed , Murgan Sharmeeni 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to present a report on the development of an improved mathematical model for quantifying the cost of quality. In addition, a simulation model is developed using real-life industrial data; the model is used to investigate the impact of certain quality control level plans on cost of quality.

Design/methodology/approach
– The cost of the quality model was developed based on the reported literature and suggestion from the company quality control manager. An extensive discussion was conducted with the quality control supervisors in the company to develop some quality control plans to investigate their impact on cost of quality. A simulation model that represents a specific section of the process at the company was used to carry out the investigation. The results were analysed and compared with some important findings reported in the literature that describe the characteristics of costs of quality.

Findings
– The simulation work provides valuable insights into the behavior of the different components that constitute the total cost of quality. The results show that reduction of failure costs can be achieved at low or no-subsequent increase in the non-conformance expenditure. In addition, it seems that the traditional accounting system approach may no longer be adequate since it depends mainly on direct labour costs. The results indicate that the direct labour cost is only contributing by about 3 percent of the total cost of quality.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper focuses on the development of a comprehensive model for quantifying the cost of quality in a semiconductor company. Future research is needed to expand the model for more complex process configuration. In addition, the developed model could be extended to deal with variant defect rates.

Originality/value
– This study presents an advanced theoretical model for cost quality that enhanced models of quality presented in the literature. Using the developed cost of the quality model, a comprehensive simulation was carried out to investigate the impact of some quality plans on cost of quality. The study clearly indicates important evidence to justify the implementation of cost of quality models in real-life industry.
Students' perceptions of education for sustainable development
Authors: Zeegers Yvonne , Francis Clark Ian 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This study investigated whether a course which focused on raising students' awareness of sustainability, from a balanced perspective, that is, one which gives equal consideration to the social and economic aspects as well as the environmental would produce graduates with the knowledge and commitment required to drive the sustainability agenda forward. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– An analysis of students' final entries in their reflective journal was used to explore whether their views on sustainability reflected a balanced view.

Findings
– The findings of this research confirmed previous studies showed that initially students do have an enviro-centric bias. It also showed that despite experiencing a pedagogical approach which challenged views by encouraging discussion, debate, and reflection and which provided what was considered to be a balanced view of sustainability, many of the students still leaned towards an environmentally focused perspective of sustainability.

Research limitations/implications
– The conclusions are based on one data set but are supported by other data described in the paper.

Practical implications
– The finding led the authors to conclude that a concerted holistic effort within and across courses is needed within tertiary institutions if students' views about sustainability are to be challenged.

Originality/value
– The outcomes demonstrate that students' reflective journals can be used to gather information about the change in students' perceptions about sustainability.
Insights into the adoption of social media mashups
Authors: He Wu , Zha Shenghua 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The existing mashup literature paid little attention to the actual adoption and diffusion of mashups in an organizational context. As more and more organizations are engaged in mashup initiatives, more research efforts focussing on the mashup use and adoption issues from the organizational perspective are needed to ensure that organizations can receive the maximum benefits from their mashup initiatives. Two studies are conducted to increase the understanding of the use and adoption issues with social media mashups. The paper aims at discussing these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The paper first used a text mining approach to analyze relevant posts on blogs and messages in a major online mashup forum in order to understand the current status of social media mashup as well as representative themes and issues with social media mashups in general. Subsequently, the paper reviewed a number of social media mashup sites created by higher education institutions (HEIs) in the USA.Findings– The paper identified some representative themes and issues with social media mashups in general. The paper also identified the approaches that were used to design the interface of social media mashup sites by HEIs. Based on the two studies, this paper provides recommendations and insights to guide social media mashup development and adoption in an organizational context.Originality value– This is the first article to discuss the use and adoption of social media mashups in organizational environments. This paper can be used as a starting point to motivate other researchers to further explore the diffusion of social media mashups in different industries. This paper also helps organizations improve their social media mashup initiatives.
Liberal education may be dead but the magic will not die!
Authors: Bussey Marcus 
Published: March 2014

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to challenge the assumption that liberal education as we understand it today, is alive and well in our institutions of higher education.Design/methodology/approach–This article is a reflective essayFindings–The spirit of liberal education is alive and well but has largely fled the university and taken up residence in less formal, more flexible educational contexts.Originality/value–This article plays the devil's advocate and argues that we need to rethink how we approach and signify “liberal education.”
The impact of servant leadership and subordinates' organizational tenure on trust in leader and attitudes
Authors: C.H. Chan Simon , Mak Wai-ming 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between servant leadership, subordinates' trust in leader and job satisfaction, and whether subordinates' organizational tenure moderated the effect.

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire survey was used to collect data by 218 employees in a service-oriented private firm in the People's Republic of China.

Findings
– The findings indicated that trust in leader mediated the relationship between servant leadership and subordinates' job satisfaction. Also, the positive effect of servant leadership on subordinates' trust in leader and job satisfaction was stronger for short-tenure subordinates than that for long-tenure subordinates.

Originality/value
– This paper enriches the existing leadership literature and contributes to the research into how and why servant leadership may influence subordinates' attitudes.
Is innovation behavior congenital? Enhancing job satisfaction as a moderator
Authors: Niu Han-Jen 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– In the age of the knowledge-based economy, innovation has become a significant factor in business competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between personality and employees' individual innovative behavior in the service industry.Design/methodology/approach– The object of this research is the employee in service industry in Taiwan. A total sample of 626 employees in five service industry categories was taken in Taiwan's service industry. The descriptive statistical analyses and hierarchical regression were adopted.Findings– The results show that job satisfaction positively affects individual innovative behavior, and also has moderating effect on personality traits and innovative behavior.Originality/value– Innovative behavior is not only congenital, that can be stimulated by job satisfaction.
Did Regulation Fair Disclosure, SOX, and Other Analyst Regulations Reduce Security Mispricing?
Authors: LEE EDWARD , STRONG NORMAN , ZHU ZHENMEI (JUDY) 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBetween 2000 and 2003 a series of disclosure and analyst regulations curbing abusive financial reporting and analyst behavior were enacted to strengthen the information environment of U.S. capital markets. We investigate whether these regulations reduced security mispricing and increased stock market efficiency. After the regulations, we find a significant reduction in short‐term stock price continuation following analyst forecast revisions and earnings announcements. The effect was more pronounced among higher information uncertainty firms, where we expect security valuation to be most sensitive to regulation. Analyst forecast accuracy also improved in these firms, consistent with reduced mispricing being due to an improved corporate information environment following the regulations. Our findings are robust to controls for time trends, trading activity, the financial crisis, analyst coverage, delistings, and changes in information uncertainty proxies. We find no concurrent effect among European firms and a regression discontinuity design supports our identification of a regulatory effect.
Forensic Dental Age Estimation by Measuring Root Dentin Translucency Area Using a New Digital Technique
Authors: Acharya Ashith B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDentin translucency measurement is an easy yet relatively accurate approach to postmortem age estimation. Translucency area represents a two‐dimensional change and may reflect age variations better than length. Manually measuring area is challenging and this paper proposes a new digital method using commercially available computer hardware and software. Area and length were measured on 100 tooth sections (age range, 19–82 years) of 250 μm thickness. Regression analysis revealed lower standard error of estimate and higher correlation with age for length than for area (R = 0.62 vs. 0.60). However, test of regression formulae on a control sample (n = 33, 21–85 years) showed smaller mean absolute difference (8.3 vs. 8.8 years) and greater frequency of smaller errors (73% vs. 67% age estimates ≤ ±10 years) for area than for length. These suggest that digital area measurements of root translucency may be used as an alternative to length in forensic age estimation.
Use of high resolution melting analysis to genotype the avirulence AvrLm4‐7 gene of Leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of Brassica napus
Authors: Carpezat J. , Bothorel S. , Daverdin G. , Balesdent M.H. , Leflon M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe oilseed rape (Brassica napus) stem canker disease, due to the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is mainly controlled by host genetic resistance. Since 2004, the specific resistance gene Rlm7 is widely used in France. Specific resistance is effective when fungal populations are mainly composed of avirulent isolates. The development of molecular tools for the identification of virulent isolates towards Rlm7 was needed to undertake large‐scale surveys and to monitor the emergence of virulent populations in fields. Previous studies have described a large diversity of molecular events leading to virulence towards Rlm7, rendering conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods inapplicable to identify virulent isolates. Interestingly, a very limited nucleotide polymorphism was observed for avirulent, AvrLm7, alleles. Such characteristics were exploited here to develop a diagnostic method based on high resolution melting (HRM) analysis of the AvrLm4‐7 gene. High resolution melting analysis of a collection of 206 reference isolates revealed only four different profiles within 100 avirulent isolates and 87% of virulent isolates showed either no amplification or HRM curves distinct from those of avirulent isolates. The reliability of the method was confirmed using a second set of 119 unknown isolates, for which biological phenotyping and HRM genotyping were in agreement for 93% of the isolates. HRM combined with the PCR amplification of a larger fragment encompassing AvrLm4‐7 led to a correct diagnostic for 97.5% of the isolates.
Effects of incubation temperature on the organic amendment‐mediated control of Fusarium wilt of tomato
Authors: Borrego‐Benjumea A. , Basallote‐Ureba M.J. , Abbasi P.A. , Lazarovits G. , Melero‐Vara J.M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOrganic soil amendments play important roles in the reduction of plant diseases caused by soil‐borne plant pathogens. This study examined the combined effects of concentrations of organic amendments, temperature and period of incubation in soil on the management of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In an experiment with substrate mixture, Fol reduction was higher when the soils were incubated at 35°C than at 30°C. Disease severity was proportionally reduced as the volume of amendment added increased. Furthermore, disease was significantly lower in substrates incubated for 30 days at both temperatures, as compared to substrates incubated for only 15 days. The most effective control was achieved with pelletised poultry manure (PPM). In experiments with natural sandy soil, the effects of amendments on Fol populations, measured by real‐time quantitative PCR with TaqMan probes, were significant. The highest decreases in Fol DNA resulted when the soil was amended with 2% PPM and incubated at 35°C. The reductions in DNA concentrations was most likely related to the accumulations of high concentrations of NH3 (27.3 mM) in soils treated with 2% PPM and incubated at room temperature (RT; 23 ± 2°C), or at 35°C. Severity of plants grown in soils incubated at RT decreased by over 40%, and more than 73% when incubated at 35°C, regardless of the rate of PPM. The results indicate that the management with PPM, when combined with heating or solarisation, is an effective control measure against Fusarium wilt of tomato.
Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography
Authors: Lacourpaille L. , Nordez A. , Hug F. , Couturier A. , Dibie C. , Guilhem G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimChanges in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.MethodsShear elastic modulus and transverse relaxation time (T2) were measured in the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles of sixteen participants, before, 1 h, 48 h and 21 days after three sets of ten maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions performed at 120° s−1.ResultsThe shear elastic modulus of the elbow flexors significantly increased 1 h (+46%; P = 0.005), with no significant change at 48 h and 21D, post‐exercise. In contrast, T2 was not modified at 1 h but significantly increased at 48 h (+15%; P < 0.05). The increase in shear elastic modulus was more pronounced at long muscle lengths and reached a similar extent in the different regions of the elbow flexors. The normalized hysteresis area of shear elastic modulus–length relationship for the biceps brachii increased 1 h post‐exercise (31%) in comparison with the pre‐exercise value (18%), but was not significantly altered after five stretching cycles (P = 0.63).ConclusionOur results show homogeneous changes in muscle shear elastic modulus within and between elbow flexors. The greater increase in shear elastic modulus observed at long muscle lengths suggests the putative involvement of both cross‐bridges number and titin in the modifications of muscle shear elastic modulus after damaging exercise.
Systematic review: the management of chronic diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption
Authors: Wilcox C. , Turner J. , Green J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundBile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common, yet under‐recognised, cause of chronic diarrhoea, with limited guidance available on the appropriate management of patients with BAM.AimTo summarise the evidence supporting different treatments available for patients with bile acid malabsorption, noting their impact on clinical outcomes, tolerability and associated side effects.MethodsA literature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus. Relevant articles studied patients who had been diagnosed with BAM and were clinically assessed before and after therapy.ResultsA total of 30 relevant publications (1241 adult patients) were identified, which investigated the clinical response to drugs, including colestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam, aluminium hydroxide and obeticholic acid. The most commonly used diagnostic test of bile acid malabsorption was the SeHCAT test (24 studies). Colestyramine treatment was by far the most studied of these agents, and was successful in 70% of 801 patients (range: 63–100%).ConclusionsColestyramine and colestipol are generally effective treatments of gastrointestinal symptoms from BAM, but may be poorly tolerated and reduce the bioavailability of co‐administered agents. Alternative therapies (including colesevelam and aluminium hydroxide) as well as dietary intervention may also have a role, and the promising results of the first proof‐of‐concept study of obeticholic acid suggest that its novel approach may have an exciting future in the treatment of this condition. Future trials should employ accurate diagnostic testing and be conducted over longer periods so that the long‐term benefits and tolerability of these different approaches can be evaluated.
The pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and their metabolites in humans
Authors: de Ferrars R M , Czank C , Zhang Q , Botting N P , Kroon P A , Cassidy A , Kay C D 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeAnthocyanins are phytochemicals with reported vasoactive bioactivity. However, given their instability at neutral pH, they are presumed to undergo significant degradation and subsequent biotransformation. The aim of the present study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G), a widely consumed dietary phytochemical with potential cardioprotective properties.Experimental ApproachA 500 mg oral bolus dose of 6,8,10,3′,5′‐13C5‐C3G was fed to eight healthy male participants, followed by a 48 h collection (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h) of blood, urine and faecal samples. Samples were analysed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS with elimination kinetics established using non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic modelling.Key ResultsSeventeen 13C‐labelled compounds were identified in the serum, including 13C5‐C3G, its degradation products, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and phloroglucinaldehyde (PGA), 13 metabolites of PCA and 1 metabolite derived from PGA. The maximal concentrations of the phenolic metabolites (Cmax) ranged from 10 to 2000 nM, between 2 and 30 h (tmax) post‐consumption, with half‐lives of elimination observed between 0.5 and 96 h. The major phenolic metabolites identified were hippuric acid and ferulic acid, which peaked in the serum at approximately 16 and 8 h respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsAnthocyanins are metabolized to a structurally diverse range of metabolites that exhibit dynamic kinetic profiles. Understanding the elimination kinetics of these metabolites is key to the design of future studies examining their utility in dietary interventions or as therapeutics for disease risk reduction.