bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of protein synthesis in infected and stressed sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Coutts R. H. A. , Linton D. J. , Bolwell G. P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPatterns of protein synthesis have been investigated in infected and stressed sugar beet roots and suspension cultured cells by two‐dimensional, iso‐electric focussing/sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons have been made between the protein complement of dormant field‐grown sugar beet roots and rhizomania‐infected roots originating from a UK outbreak, hydroponically grown, uninfected control and Polymyxa betae‐infected sugar beet seedlings and control, biotic and abiotic elicitor‐treated sugar beet suspension cultured cells. Rhizomania‐infected roots and elicitor‐treated cells, but not roots, infected with P. betae alone showed large differences in the total protein complement. This result is consistent with the ability of P. betae to infect roots without inducing increased transcription of infection stress‐related genes and is clearly different from a large number of other biotrophic plant/fungus interactions in which a sub‐set of defence proteins are induced even in susceptible interactions in an attempted limitation of damage. Suppression of defence responses might be the mechanism by which P. betae is able to successfully colonise sugar beet. Beet plants with symptoms of rhizomania did not express polypeptides with mobilities characteristic of stress‐related products. However, polypeptides of mobilities characteristic of sub‐sets found within young roots were observed which is compatible with the typical symptoms of the disease.
Adapted Verbal Feedback, Instructor Interaction and Student Emotions in the Landscape Architecture Studio
Authors: Smith Carl A. , Boyer Mark E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn light of concerns with architectural students’ emotional jeopardy during traditional desk and final‐jury critiques, the authors pursue alternative approaches intended to provide more supportive and mentoring verbal assessment in landscape architecture studios. In addition to traditional studio‐based critiques throughout a semester, we provide privately held, one‐on‐ one feedback at the semester's close that follows a mentor–trainee model of purposeful interface and a vision of where the student is going. This article reports 82 landscape architecture students’ experience of this adapted verbal feedback. The findings suggest an overwhelming positive student experience, and we conclude that these sessions help balance the emotional challenge of architectural study with nurturing support. Furthermore, the students’ positivity was not influenced by their experiences in the previous class. We therefore conclude that the adapted feedback sessions provide appropriate closure, even when (perhaps particularly when) a student has had a negative emotional experience during the class.
Academic Social Climate – A Key Aspect in Architectural Studies
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Casakin Hernan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present research investigates academic social climate in architectural studies as perceived by students. It studies the importance that the various measures of academic social climate have in the studio and in architectural classes. It also investigates the relation between the personal background of students and their sense of academic social climate. Academic social climate is evaluated with regard to the eight factors proposed by Moos (1979) dealing with: orientation to study material, innovation, academic social connections, teachers’ support, competitiveness, academic‐social involvement, order and organisation, teachers’ control and an index for general academic social climate by means of a survey. Findings show that academic social climate was higher in the studio than in the regular classes in social connections, students’ involvement, teacher support, and order and organisation; while academic social climate measures were higher in the regular classes in teacher control and in the orientation of learning material. The highest academic social climate measures in both studio and classes were students’ involvement and competence, and the lowest measures were teacher support, and order and organisation. Some items of students’ personal and educational background were found to affect their sense of academic social climate. The implications of these findings for architectural design education are presented.
Best management practices as an alternative for flood and urban storm water control in a changing climate
Authors: Moura N.C.B. , Pellegrino P.R.M. , Martins J.R.S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlobal climate models regarding the predicted scenarios of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions forecast a general increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfalls. The increase in rainfall run‐off associated with urban growth and more impervious surfaces will lead to unprecedented effects on drainage infrastructures with high risks of flooding. Facing the need for adapting to this future scenario, cities have the opportunity to perform an infrastructural transition when adopting storm water best management practices (BMPs) as sustainable, resilient and landscape‐friendly solutions. This paper presents a qualitative and quantitative study of comparison between BMP techniques and usual detention reservoirs, both as run‐off control strategies. Regarding a case study urban watershed in the Greater São Paulo, Brazil, in which two reservoirs with a total volume of 19.200 m3 were built, porous sidewalks and bioretention elements have been simulatively located in the contribution area within this basin. The pretended retention volume of these proposed techniques, considering their average porosity, corresponds to 41% of the capacity of the reservoir. This comparative simulation evidences the viability and suitability of storm water BMPs to adapt cities for the impacts of climate change, but their efficiency and performance rely on maintenance and on a design that takes into account the specific local environment.
Remodeling of glial coverage of glutamatergic synapses in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii after ozone inhalation
Authors: Chounlamountry Keodavanh , Boyer Bénédicte , Penalba Virginie , François‐Bellan Anne‐Marie , Bosler Olivier , Kessler Jean‐Pierre , Strube Caroline 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBesides the well‐described inflammatory and dysfunction effects on the respiratory tract, accumulating evidence indicates that ozone (O3) exposure also affects central nervous system functions. However, the mechanisms through which O3 exerts toxic effects on the brain remain poorly understood. We previously showed that O3 exposure caused a neuronal activation in regions of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) overlapping terminal fields of vagal lung afferents. Knowing that O3 exposure can impact astrocytic protein expression, we decided to investigate whether it may induce astroglial cellular alterations in the NTS. Using electron microscopy and immunoblot techniques, we showed that in O3‐exposed animals, the astrocytic coverage of NTS glutamatergic synapses was 19% increased while the astrocyte volume fraction and membrane density were not modified. Moreover, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100β, which are known to be increased in reactive astroglia, did not change. These results indicate that O3 inhalation induces a glial plasticity that is restricted to the peri‐synaptic coverage without overall astroglial activation. Taken together, these findings, along with our previous observations, support the conclusion that O3‐induced pulmonary inflammation results in a specific activation of vagal lung afferents rather than non‐specific overall brain alterations mediated by blood‐borne agents.
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Exposure to ozone, a major atmospheric pollutant, induces an increase in the glial coverage of neurons that is restricted to peri‐synaptic compartments. This observation does not support the view that the ozone‐induced neuronal disorders are related to non‐specific overall brain alterations. It rather argues for a specific activation of the vagus nerve in response to pulmonary inflammation.
Comparison of tissue adequacy for histologic examination from Ipas MVA plus and Wallach Endocell in women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Wanijasombutti Paphada , Imruetaicharoenchok Arinporn , Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Loharamtaweethong Kongsak , Phuriputt Napaporn , Phaloprakarn Chadakarn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare endometrial tissue adequacy sampling by Wallach Endocell and manual vacuum aspiration (Ipas MVA plus) in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Pain and immediate complications from each method were also compared.Material and MethodsTwo hundred and forty women with abnormal uterine bleeding were randomly assigned to two methods of endometrial sampling: MVA (n = 122) and Endocell (n = 118). The basic characteristic features of the women, the difficulty of the procedure, pain score by visual analogue scale, immediate complications, and treatment were recorded. Endometrial tissue adequacy and histopathologic diagnoses were evaluated.ResultsThe adequacy of tissue samples was 81.1% in the MVA group and 85.6% in the Endocell group (P = 0.356). There was a significant difference in the rates of difficult procedure between the two groups (27.0% in MVA vs 14.4% in Endocell; P = 0.016). Moderate to severe pain was significantly higher in the MVA group compared to the Endocell group: 60.7% and 19.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Other immediate minor complications were also observed to be significantly higher in the MVA group (44.3%) than in the Endocell group (30.5%) (P = 0.028). Although medication required for pain was higher in the MVA group (23.0%) than in the Endocell group (12.0%), the difference was not significant (P = 0.130). The two most common histopathologic findings obtained from MVA and Endocell specimens were proliferative endometrium (32.4%) and atrophic endometrium (27.1%).ConclusionMVA was comparable to Endocell in terms of tissue adequacy. Moderate to severe pain was experienced significantly more in the MVA group; however, the requirement of pain treatment was not significantly different between the groups.
Developmental outcomes at 3 years of age following major non‐cardiac and cardiac surgery in term infants: A population‐based study
Authors: Walker Karen , Loughran‐Fowlds Alison , Halliday Robert , Holland Andrew JA , Stewart Jan , Sholler Gary F , Winlaw David S , Badawi Nadia 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether there remain developmental differences between term infants at 3 years of age following major non‐cardiac surgery (NCS) and cardiac surgery (CS) compared with healthy control infants in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.Study DesignBetween 2006 and 2008, term infants who required NCS or CS within the first ninety days of life were enrolled in a prospective population‐based study. Their developmental outcome was then compared with a cohort of healthy term infants. Infants initially assessed at 1 year of age were then re‐assessed at 3 years of age using the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development (version‐III)ResultsOf the 539 term infants assessed at 1 year of age, 417 returned for the 3‐year assessment, with 378 complete assessments. The mean scores for the infants who underwent CS (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in all subscales of the assessment compared with the controls, while the mean scores for the infants who underwent NCS were significantly lower in three of the subscales (P < 0.05). The infants who underwent CS scored significantly lower in four of the subscales (P < 0.05), compared with the infants who underwent NCS.ConclusionThe second phase of this unique population‐based study provides further data on the outcomes of infants who underwent major NCS and CS. Major surgery in infants continues to be associated with developmental delay at 3 years of age compared with control infants; however the majority of the delay is mild. The risk remains higher in CS group with the pattern and severity of delay similar to that observed in the first study.
Phylogeography of the freshwater raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen confirms a recent expansion in northern Europe by a single haplotype
Authors: Lebret Karen , Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Kritzberg Emma S. , Tomas Carmelo , Rengefors Karin 
Published: June 2015

Gonyostmum semen is a freshwater raphidophyte that has increased in occurrence and abundance in several countries in northern Europe since the 1980s. More recently, the species has expanded rapidly also in north‐eastern Europe, and it is frequently referred to as invasive. To better understand the species history, we have explored the phylogeography of G. semen using strains from northern Europe, United States, and Japan. Three regions of the ribosomal RNA gene (small subunit [SSU], internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and large subunit [LSU]) and one mitochondrial DNA marker (cox1) were analyzed. The SSU and partial LSU sequences were identical in all strains, confirming that they belong to the same species. The ITS region differentiated the American from the other strains, but showed high intra‐strain variability. In contrast, the mitochondrial marker cox1 showed distinct differences between the European, American, and Japanese strains. Interestingly, only one cox1 haplotype was detected in European strains. The overall low diversity and weak geographic structure within northern European strains supported the hypothesis of a recent invasion of new lakes by G. semen. Our data also show that the invasive northern European lineage is genetically distinct from the lineages from the other continents. Finally, we concluded that the mitochondrial cox1 was the most useful marker in determining large‐scale biogeographic patterns in this species.
Implicit and Explicit Associations with Erotic Stimuli in Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men
Authors: van Lankveld Jacques , Odekerken Ingrid , Kok-Verhoeven Lydia , van Hooren Susan , de Vries Peter , van den Hout Anja , Verboon Peter 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although conceptual models of sexual functioning have suggested a major role for implicit cognitive processing in sexual functioning, this has thus far, only been investigated in women.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of implicit cognition in sexual functioning in men.

Methods
Men with (N = 29) and without sexual dysfunction (N = 31) were compared.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants performed two single-target implicit association tests (ST-IAT), measuring the implicit association of visual erotic stimuli with attributes representing, respectively, valence (‘liking’) and motivation (‘wanting’). Participants also rated the erotic pictures that were shown in the ST-IAT on the dimensions of valence, attractiveness, and sexual excitement to assess their explicit associations with these erotic stimuli. Participants completed the International Index of Erectile Functioning for a continuous measure of sexual functioning.

Results
Unexpectedly, compared with sexually functional men, sexually dysfunctional men were found to show stronger implicit associations of erotic stimuli with positive valence than with negative valence. Level of sexual functioning, however, was not predicted by explicit nor implicit associations. Level of sexual distress was predicted by explicit valence ratings, with positive ratings predicting higher levels of sexual distress.

Conclusions
Men with and without sexual dysfunction differed significantly with regard to implicit liking. Research recommendations and implications are discussed.
Plant community composition is a crucial factor for heath performance under precipitation extremes
Authors: Gellesch Ellen , Wellstein Camilla , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Kreyling Jürgen , Walter Julia , Jentsch Anke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuestionStudying the effects of alterations in precipitation regime on plant communities, including drought and heavy rain spells, is gaining increased importance under climate change. Numerous studies focus on shifts in above‐ground production, analysing, climate response of vegetative plant traits, but few consider plant fitness and reproduction. We investigated the response to climate manipulation of generative plant traits and the role of community composition for target species performance.LocationAn experimental heathlands in Central Europe.MethodsWe investigated the effects of extreme events such as drought and heavy rainfall, as well as homogeneous precipitation supply, i.e. continuous water availability, on experimental heath communities differing in species numbers (two, four) and functional groups (one, two). We investigated generative traits (number of flowers, number of seeds, seed rain, seed mass, germination rate and reproductive success) and vegetative traits (above‐ground biomass, ratio of abundance in 2010 to abundance in 2005, cover) of the two common heath species Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.ResultsFirst, the species composition of the community had a larger influence on target species traits than precipitation manipulations. Second, our four‐species community had higher production of flowers, seeds and increased reproductive success of target individuals than the two‐species C. vulgaris–V. myrtillus community. Third, homogeneous water supply (weekly irrigation) increased the reproductive success of C. vulgaris.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that community composition and richness might be crucial for heath performance, with the facilitative effects of species interactions gaining increased importance under climatic instability.
How variable is agonistic behavior among crab species? A case study on freshwater anomurans (Crustacea: Decapoda: Aeglidae)
Authors: Ayres‐Peres L. , Araujo P. B. , Jara C. G. , Palaoro A. V. , Santos S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAgonistic behavior can be either extremely variable or extremely conserved among species of the same genus. In general, species with similar morphologies and ecology tend to show similar agonistic behaviors. Understanding the variability of agonistic behavior is essential for elucidating the main drivers of the evolution of aggressive behavior. Aeglidae stands out in this regard because most species inhabit similar environments, integrate the food web similarly and have similar morphology. Thus, our goal was to test how variable is the agonistic behavior in this family. To do this, we performed intraspecific contest of two Chilean species Aegla denticulata denticulata, A. abtao and two Brazilian species A. longirostri and A. manuinflata, qualifying and quantifying their agonistic acts. We performed a principal components analysis for winners, and one for losers, to explore major trends in contest structure. We also performed a one‐way ANOVA, and two GLMs with quasibionomial errors to test for aggressiveness using contest duration, frequency of highly aggressive acts used by winners, and frequency of submissive acts used by losers, respectively. Aegla abtao and A. denticulata performed two exclusive behavioral acts, meral spread and thanatosis, respectively. For winners, PC1 (42.46%) divided the species in two groups: the Chilean species grouped with non‐aggressive acts and low aggressive acts loadings, whereas the Brazilian species grouped with highly aggressive acts and antennal whipping. Losers were not clearly divided. Aegla denticulata winners are less aggressive than the winners of the other species. Contest duration did not differ among species. Thus, aeglids' greatest variation resides in their agonistic repertoire and contest structure, which separate the Chilean species from the Brazilian species. Aegla denticulata was the least aggressive, which is also the most morphologically distinct species. Therefore, our results suggest that morphology and ecology play a great role in shaping aggressiveness, whereas phylogenetic background may shape agonistic repertoire and contest structure.
Captive rearing affects growth but not survival in translocated juvenile tuatara
Authors: Jarvie S. , Senior A. M. , Adolph S. C. , Seddon P. J. , Cree A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTranslocations are increasingly used in species conservation, but success rates can be low. Experimental approaches are needed to compare the outcomes of translocation strategies, including those involving head‐starting (the rearing of juveniles in captivity before release). Here, we studied the reintroduction of head‐started and wild‐caught juveniles of a distinctive reptile, the tuatara Sphenodon punctatus, on the South Island of New Zealand. We compared morphometric, ecophysiological, behavioural and spatial aspects for juveniles from three groups (wild‐caught from a warmer climate, head‐started from a warmer climate and head‐started from the local climate), focusing on the first 5 months of summer following release. Group did not affect body condition at recapture, but wild‐caught juveniles, despite being the only animals with ticks at release, grew faster and had higher inferred body temperatures than individuals head‐started in a warmer climate. Wild‐caught juveniles were less frequently seen emerged than juveniles head‐started at the release site, and no animals had ticks at the summer's end. Mean dispersal distance and home‐range size did not differ significantly between groups, and all groups had high survival (96.4–100% over first summer; at least 66.7–73.3% after the first winter following release). We conclude that, for most metrics, post‐release performance of head‐started and wild‐caught juvenile tuatara was similar, and that head‐started groups can differ between each other as much as between captive and wild. Our results emphasize the species‐specific nature of translocation outcomes.
Predictors of depressive symptoms and physical health in caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Thunyadee Chanya , Sitthimongkol Yajai , Sangon Sopin , Chai‐Aroon Teradech , Hegadoren Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study examined relationships among factors influencing caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and physical health in family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Two hundred family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia completed standardized questionnaires related to depressive symptoms, physical health, perceptions of burden, coping, and social support. The results revealed that 19.5% of family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia experienced significant depressive symptoms and 65.5% perceived themselves in poor physical health. Burden, self‐controlling coping strategies, and physical health status were all independently predictive of depressive symptoms. Two emotion‐focused coping strategies (self‐controlling and escape‐avoidance) were independently predictive of caregiver burden. Only burden predicted physical health status. The findings suggest that health professionals who provide community care for those with schizophrenia need to consider the “unit of care” as the family rather than the individual. The health status of family caregivers should be routinely assessed. Individualized interventions to reduce family burden could include community‐based health professionals as well as trained community volunteers, opportunities for social interaction, and improving self‐care for all family members.