bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Creel Survey Methods to Estimate Recreational Harvest of Surf Smelt in Puget Sound, Washington
Authors: Lowry Dayv , Stick Kurt , Lindquist Adam , Cheng Yuk W. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Fisheries for Surf Smelt Hypomesus pretiosus in the inland marine waters of Washington State are currently managed under the assumption that annual recreational harvest is roughly similar to commercial harvest. Commercial harvest is monitored by submission of mandatory fish tickets that document sales to licensed vendors. Assessment of recreational effort and harvest is complicated by (1) the lack of a licensing requirement for fishers, (2) the fact that fishing occurs throughout the year but tends to peak during locally specific time windows, and (3) the ability of anglers to engage in the fishery from private shorelines in addition to public access points (e.g., boat ramps). To adequately estimate recreational harvest, a survey method must be developed that accounts for spatiotemporally diverse harvest patterns. Here, we report the results of a pilot study that combined access-point and roving, boat-based creel survey techniques to sample a known region of high recreational fishing pressure during the traditional fishing “season” for Surf Smelt. In addition to providing a statistically valid estimate of harvest at these locations, we described patterns of both fishing effort and catch across time, in association with various environmental variables, and at public access points and private beaches. We found that based on the site-specific estimates generated here and the number of high-use recreational fishing sites in Puget Sound, Surf Smelt harvest has the capacity to exceed the level that has been assumed for purposes of management. We conclude that combining access-point surveys and roving creel counts represents a logistically feasible and cost-effective method for estimating recreational harvest of Surf Smelt throughout Puget Sound or harvest in any other fishery with similarly complex spatiotemporal participation.
Received January 9, 2014; accepted January 13, 2015
Dispersal Patterns of Coastal Largemouth Bass in Response to Tournament Displacement
Authors: Brown Daniel T. , Rice James A. , Suski Cory D. , Derek Aday D. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Tournament displacement, stockpiling near release points, and handling stress are major concerns for managers of sport fisheries in the southeastern USA. We examined the effects of transport distance and tournament handling stress on dispersal of 40 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides via telemetry from May 2012 to September 2013 in the Albemarle Sound system of eastern North Carolina. Largemouth Bass were captured from four tributaries of Albemarle Sound and transported 16.5–45 km to a central release point before being acoustically tagged and released. Movement data from an array of passive receivers was used to calculate rates of dispersal from the release point, emigration from the study area and return to capture location over time. Blood cortisol concentration, collected from our tagged Largemouth Bass and those captured in an actual tournament, was used to determine the effect of stress on potential postrelease movement and survival. Our findings indicate little evidence of long-term stockpiling (i.e., fish remaining close to release point; Richardson-Heft et al. 2000); 57% of displaced Largemouth Bass dispersed more than 500 m from the release point within 7 d and 87% within 21 d postrelease. Half of those that emigrated from Edenton Bay returned to their capture location. However, no Largemouth Bass displaced 35–45 km returned to their capture locations, suggesting that long-distance displacement inhibits return. Fishing (2.8%) and nonharvest mortality (0.5%) were low throughout this study except for peaks observed during late spring (42.9%) and early summer (25.1%) of 2013. Mean cortisol concentrations were similar in Largemouth Bass collected during our simulated tournament (126.7 ng/mL) and an actual tournament (118.4 ng/mL). However, cortisol concentrations were unrelated to survival, postrelease dispersal, or return of tagged individuals to their capture location. Largemouth Bass appear to be able to cope with current tournament practices; however, restrictions on displacement distance may increase return rates.
Received August 26, 2014; accepted January 14, 2015
Characteristics and Spatial Segregation of Sympatric Saugers and Walleyes in the Ottawa River, Canada
Authors: Haxton Tim 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Few comparative studies exist on the sympatric populations of Saugers Sander canadensis and Walleyes S. vitreus, especially in northern rivers. Depth-stratified, standardized index netting surveys were conducted in the Ottawa River, Canada—a large, fragmented northern river. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether Saugers and Walleyes were spatially segregated within river reaches; (2) assess whether relative abundances of the two species were correlated within river reaches and ascertain factors affecting their relative abundances; (3) determine whether life history characteristics in this northern river were within the variation reported for each species; and (4) evaluate whether there was synchrony in year-class strength between the two species and identify the factors affecting year-class strength. Saugers and Walleyes were spatially segregated, specifically by depth. Probability of capture was greatest in the 20–35-m depth stratum for Saugers and in the 6–12-m depth stratum for Walleyes. Relative abundances of Saugers and Walleyes were correlated and were positively related to reach characteristics (i.e., mean and maximum depth, reach length, and river kilometers upstream from the confluence) but negatively related to thermal conditions (i.e., growing degree-days, water temperature at preferred depths, and human population in proximity to the river). Life history characteristics were within the literature-reported ranges except for Saugers, which were older with a smaller length at 50% maturity. Year-class strengths of Saugers and Walleyes were synchronous at the reach and river levels and were positively correlated with mean annual temperature but negatively correlated with mean annual river flow. Saugers and Walleyes can coexist within large water bodies. Recruitment synchrony suggests that spawning management efforts could benefit both species, which could be advantageous when managing the Sauger, a lesser studied species. However, life history differences advocate that harvest regulations (e.g., size limits) must be species specific in order to be effective.
Received June 13, 2013; accepted January 27, 2015
Involvement of the cytoplasmic cysteine-238 of CD40 in its up-regulation of CD23 expression and its enhancement of TLR4-triggered responses
Authors: Nadiri Amal , Jundi Malek , El Akoum Souhad , Hassan Ghada S. , Yacoub Daniel , Mourad Walid 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a key role in both adaptive and innate immunity. Engagement of CD40 with its natural trimeric ligand or with cross-linked antibodies results in disulfide-linked CD40 (dl-CD40) homodimer formation, a process mediated by the cysteine-238 residues of the cytoplasmic tail of CD40. The present study was designed to elucidate the biological relevance of cysteine-238-mediated dl-CD40 homodimers to the expression of CD23 on B cells and to investigate its possible involvement in the innate response. Our results indicate that cysteine-238-mediated dl-CD40 homodimerization is required for CD40-induced activation of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling and the subsequent CD23 expression, as inhibition of dl-CD40 homodimer formation through a point mutation-approach specifically impairs these responses. Interestingly, cysteine-238-mediated dl-CD40 homodimers are also shown to play a crucial role in Toll-like receptor 4-induced CD23 expression, further validating the importance of this system in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. This process also necessitates the activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt cascade. Thus, our results highlight new roles for CD40 and cysteine-238-mediated CD40 homodimers in cell biology and identify a potential new target for therapeutic strategies against CD40-associated chronic inflammatory diseases.
Common marmoset CD117
+
hematopoietic cells possess multipotency
Authors: Shimada Shin , Nunomura Satoshi , Mori Shuya , Suemizu Hiroshi , Itoh Toshio , Takabayashi Shuji , Okada Yoshinori , Yahata Takashi , Shiina Takashi , Katoh Hideki , Suzuki Ryuji , Tani Kenzaburo , Ando Kiyoshi , Yagita Hideo , Habu Sonoko , Sasaki Erika , Kametani Yoshie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Analysis of the hematopoiesis of non-human primates is important to clarify the evolution of primate-specific hematopoiesis and immune regulation. However, the engraftment and development of the primate hematopoietic system are well-documented only in humans and are not clear in non-human primates. Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset, CM) is a New World monkey with a high rate of pregnancy and small size that lives in closed colonies. As stem cell factor (SCF) is an essential molecule for hematopoietic stem cell development in mice and humans, we focused on CD117, the SCF receptor, and examined whether CD117-expressing cells possess the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell characteristics of newborn marmoset-derived hematopoietic cells that can develop into T cells and B cells. When CD117 + cell fractions of the bone marrow were transplanted into immunodeficient NOD (non-obese diabetic)/Shi-scid, common γc-null (NOG) mice, these cells engrafted efficiently in the bone marrow and spleens of the NOG mice. The CD117 + cells developed into myeloid lineage cells, CD20 + B cells and CD3 + T cells, which could express CM cytokines in vivo . The development of B cells did not precede that of T cells. The development of CD8 + T cells was dominant in NOG mice. The engraftment was comparable for both CD117 + CD34 + cells and CD117 + CD34 − cells. These results suggest that the CD117 + cell fraction can differentiate into all three cell lineages, and the development of marmoset immunity in the xenogeneic environment follows diverse developmental pathways compared with human immunity.
Automating the generation of lexical patterns for processing free text in clinical documents
Authors: Meng Frank , Morioka Craig 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjective Many tasks in natural language processing utilize lexical pattern-matching techniques, including information extraction (IE), negation identification, and syntactic parsing. However, it is generally difficult to derive patterns that achieve acceptable levels of recall while also remaining highly precise.Materials and Methods We present a multiple sequence alignment (MSA)-based technique that automatically generates patterns, thereby leveraging language usage to determine the context of words that influence a given target. MSAs capture the commonalities among word sequences and are able to reveal areas of linguistic stability and variation. In this way, MSAs provide a systemic approach to generating lexical patterns that are generalizable, which will both increase recall levels and maintain high levels of precision.Results The MSA-generated patterns exhibited consistent F1-, F.5-, and F2- scores compared to two baseline techniques for IE across four different tasks. Both baseline techniques performed well for some tasks and less well for others, but MSA was found to consistently perform at a high level for all four tasks.Discussion The performance of MSA on the four extraction tasks indicates the method’s versatility. The results show that the MSA-based patterns are able to handle the extraction of individual data elements as well as relations between two concepts without the need for large amounts of manual intervention.Conclusion We presented an MSA-based framework for generating lexical patterns that showed consistently high levels of both performance and recall over four different extraction tasks when compared to baseline methods.
Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection Against Seasonal A/H3N2 Influenza Disease
Authors: Benoit Anne , Beran Jiri , Devaster Jeanne-Marie , Esen Meral , Launay Odile , Leroux-Roels Geert , McElhaney Janet E. , Oostvogels Lidia , van Essen Gerrit A. , Gaglani Manjusha , Jackson Lisa A. , Vesikari Timo , Legrand Catherine , Tibaldi Fabian , Innis Bruce L. , Dewé Walthère 
Published: May 2015

Background.  To investigate the relationship between hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) antibody levels to the risk of influenza disease, we conducted a correlate of protection analysis using pooled data from previously published randomized trials.
Methods.  Data on the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and HI levels pre- and postvaccination were analyzed from 4 datasets: 3 datasets included subjects aged &lt;65 years who received inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) or placebo, and 1 dataset included subjects aged ≥65 years who received AS03-adjuvanted TIV (AS03-TIV) or TIV. A logistic model was used to evaluate the relationship between the postvaccination titer of A/H3N2 HI antibodies and occurrence of A/H3N2 disease. We then built a receiver-operating characteristic curve to ide.jpegy a potential cutoff titer between protection and no protection.
Results.  The baseline odds ratio of A/H3N2 disease was higher for subjects aged ≥65 years than &lt;65 years and higher in seasons of strong epidemic intensity than moderate or low intensity. Including age and epidemic intensity as covariates, a 4-fold increase in titer was associated with a 2-fold decrease in the risk of A/H3N2 disease.
Conclusions.  The modeling exercise confirmed a relationship between A/H3N2 disease and HI responses, but it did not allow an evaluation of the predictive power of the HI response.
Protective versus Conventional Ventilation for Surgery
Authors: Serpa Neto Ary , Hemmes Sabrine N. T. , Barbas Carmen S. V. , Beiderlinden Martin , Biehl Michelle , Binnekade Jan M. , Canet Jaume , Fernandez-Bustamante Ana , Futier Emmanuel , Gajic Ognjen , Hedenstierna Göran , Hollmann Markus W. , Jaber Samir , Kozian Alf , Licker Marc , Lin Wen-Qian , Maslow Andrew D. , Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Reis Miranda Dinis , Moine Pierre , Ng Thomas , Paparella Domenico , Putensen Christian , Ranieri Marco , Scavonetto Federica , Schilling Thomas , Schmid Werner , Selmo Gabriele , Severgnini Paolo , Sprung Juraj , Sundar Sugantha , Talmor Daniel , Treschan Tanja , Unzueta Carmen , Weingarten Toby N. , Wolthuis Esther K. , Wrigge Hermann , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Pelosi Paolo , Schultz Marcus J. ,   for the PROVE Network Investigators
Published: May 2015

AbstractAbstract
This individual patient meta-analysis of 2,127 patients ventilated under general anesthesia for surgery from 15 randomized controlled trials shows that intraoperative ventilation with low tidal volume protects against postoperative pulmonary complications, but further trials are necessary to define the role of intraoperative higher positive end–expiratory pressure to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery.

Background:
Recent studies show that intraoperative mechanical ventilation using low tidal volumes (V
T) can prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The aim of this individual patient data meta-analysis is to evaluate the individual associations between V
T size and positive end–expiratory pressure (PEEP) level and occurrence of PPC.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials comparing protective ventilation (low V
T with or without high levels of PEEP) and conventional ventilation (high V
T with low PEEP) in patients undergoing general surgery. The primary outcome was development of PPC. Predefined prognostic factors were tested using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included (2,127 patients). There were 97 cases of PPC in 1,118 patients (8.7%) assigned to protective ventilation and 148 cases in 1,009 patients (14.7%) assigned to conventional ventilation (adjusted relative risk, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88; P < 0.01). There were 85 cases of PPC in 957 patients (8.9%) assigned to ventilation with low V
T and high PEEP levels and 63 cases in 525 patients (12%) assigned to ventilation with low V
T and low PEEP levels (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.37; P = 0.72). A dose–response relationship was found between the appearance of PPC and V
T size (R
2 = 0.39) but not between the appearance of PPC and PEEP level (R
2 = 0.08).

Conclusions:
These data support the beneficial effects of ventilation with use of low V
T in patients undergoing surgery. Further trials are necessary to define the role of intraoperative higher PEEP to prevent PPC during nonopen abdominal surgery.
A delicate balance: intervention with mothers with dual diagnosis and their infants
Authors: Tsantefski Menka , Jackson Alun C. , Humphreys Cathy 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– Women with mental illness, substance-dependence or dual diagnosis are at increased risk of losing care of their children which leads to poorer outcomes for mothers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the service response to substance-dependent mothers, many of whom had a dual diagnosis, and reports outcomes for their infants from the perinatal period to the end of each infant's first year.

Design/methodology/approach
– This was a longitudinal case study of 20 women substance-dependent women and their associated care. Semi-structured interviews were held with mothers recruited from a specialist alcohol and other drug obstetric service at infant age six weeks, six and 12 months. Structured interviews were also held with counsellors from the obstetric service at infant age six weeks. Child protection (CP) workers were interviewed at infant age six weeks, six and 12 months regarding mothers involved with the service.

Findings
– By 12-month follow-up, CP services had been involved with 14 mothers and eight had lost the legal care of their infant. Mothers who retained legal care were more likely to have addressed their drug use and less likely to be in a domestically violent relationship. Domestic violence, homelessness and maternal recidivism to crime tipped the scales in favour of protection of the infant through removal from maternal care, essentially leaving mothers with minimal support for reunification and reduced incentive for treatment.

Research limitations/implications
– Reliance on mothers’ self-reports was a limitation of the study. The small sample size restricts generalisability of findings.

Practical implications
– Key workers should engage women (and their partners) during the perinatal period to provide support, advocacy and case-management to enable substance-dependent mothers to safely parent.

Originality/value
– This is one of few studies to report long-term outcomes for mother/infant dyads when substance-dependence and/or mental health are present that allows women to speak for themselves. The prospective design provides a contemporaneous account of events as they unfolded in situ.
Identifying and responding to alcohol misuse in memory clinics: current practice, barriers and facilitators
Authors: Thake Anna , Wadd Sarah , Edwards Kim , Randall-James James 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore current practice, barriers and facilitators to identifying and responding to alcohol problems in memory clinics.

Design/methodology/approach
– A questionnaire sent to professionals in 55 memory clinics in England, Wales and the Isle of Wight and two focus groups with professionals from three memory clinics in England.

Findings
– Only 1/35 clinics that responded to the questionnaire was using a standardised alcohol screening tool but all attempted to gain some information about alcohol use. Without screening tools, practitioners found it difficult to determine whether alcohol use was problematic. Barriers to identification/intervention included cognitive impairment, service-user being “on guard” during assessment, presence of family members/carers, time constraints and a perception that brief interventions were not within the remit of memory clinics. Facilitators were obtaining visual clues of problem drinking during home visits and collateral information from family members/carers.

Research limitations/implications
– Focus group participants were recruited through convenience sampling and a small number of professionals took part. This means that the findings may be subject to selection bias and limits the generalisability of the findings.

Practical implications
– Memory clinics should provide guidance and training for practitioners on how to intervene and respond to alcohol misuse. Further research is required to determine the most effective way to identify alcohol problems in people with cognitive impairment and how to deliver brief alcohol interventions that take account of cognitive deficits.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to examine alcohol screening and interventions in memory clinics and identifies a need for guidance, training and further research.
Investigating demand for biofortified seeds in developing countries
Authors: Birol Ekin , Asare-Marfo Dorene , Karandikar Bhushana , Roy Devesh , Diressie Michael Tedla 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore farmer acceptance of a biofortified staple food crop in a developing country prior to its commercialization. The paper focuses on the hypothetical introduction of a high-iron pearl millet variety in Maharashtra, India, where pearl millet is among the most important staple crops.

Design/methodology/approach
– A choice experiment is used to investigate farmer preferences for and trade-offs among various production and consumption attributes of pearl millet. The key pearl millet attributes studied include days it takes pearl millet to mature, color of the roti (flat bread) the grain produces, the presence of high-iron content (nutritional attribute), and the price of the pearl millet seed. Choice data come from 630 pearl millet-producing households from three purposefully selected districts of Maharashtra. A latent class model is used to investigate the heterogeneity in farmers’ preferences for pearl millet attributes and to profile farmers who are more or less likely to choose high-iron varieties of pearl millet.

Findings
– The results reveal that there are three distinct segments in the sample, and there is significant heterogeneity in farmer preferences across these segments. High-iron pearl millet is valued the most by larger households that produce mainly for household consumption and currently have lower quality diets. Households that mainly produce for market sales, on the other hand, derive lower benefits from consumption characteristics such as color and nutrition.

Research limitations/implications
– The main limitation of the study is that it uses a stated preference choice experiment method, which suffers from hypothetical bias. At the time of implementing this study biofortified high-iron pearl millet varieties were not yet developed, therefore the authors could not have implemented revealed preference elicitation methods with real products and payment.

Originality/value
– The method used (stated preference choice experiment method) is commonly used to value non-market goods such as environmental goods and products that are not yet in the market. It’s application to agriculture and in developing countries is increasing. As far as the authors know this is the first choice experiment implemented to investigate farmer/consumer preferences for biofortified crops. The study presents valuable information for development and delivery of biofortified crops for reducing micronutrient deficiencies.