bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Khorana Alok A. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Lee Agnes Y. , Arcelus Juan Ignacio , Balaban Edward P. , Clarke Jeffrey M. , Flowers Christopher R. , Francis Charles W. , Gates Leigh E. , Kakkar Ajay K. , Key Nigel S. , Levine Mark N. , Liebman Howard A. , Tempero Margaret A. , Wong Sandra L. , Prestrud Ann Alexis , Falanga Anna 
Published: May 2013

Purpose To provide recommendations about prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. Prophylaxis in the outpatient, inpatient, and perioperative settings was considered, as were treatment and use of anticoagulation as a cancer-directed therapy. Methods A systematic review of the literature published from December 2007 to December 2012 was completed in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library. An Update Committee reviewed evidence to determine which recommendations required revision. Results Forty-two publications met eligibility criteria, including 16 systematic reviews and 24 randomized controlled trials. Recommendations Most hospitalized patients with cancer require thromboprophylaxis throughout hospitalization. Thromboprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for outpatients with cancer. It may be considered for selected high-risk patients. Patients with multiple myeloma receiving antiangiogenesis agents with chemotherapy and/or dexamethasone should receive prophylaxis with either low–molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or low-dose aspirin. Patients undergoing major cancer surgery should receive prophylaxis, starting before surgery and continuing for at least 7 to 10 days. Extending prophylaxis up to 4 weeks should be considered in those with high-risk features. LMWH is recommended for the initial 5 to 10 days of treatment for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as for long-term (6 months) secondary prophylaxis. Use of novel oral anticoagulants is not currently recommended for patients with malignancy and VTE. Anticoagulation should not be used for cancer treatment in the absence of other indications. Patients with cancer should be periodically assessed for VTE risk. Oncology professionals should provide patient education about the signs and symptoms of VTE.
5α-Reductase Inhibition Suppresses Testosterone-Induced Initial Regrowth of Regressed Xenograft Prostate Tumors in Animal Models
Authors: Masoodi Khalid Z. , Ramos Garcia Raquel , Pascal Laura E. , Wang Yujuan , Ma Hei M. , O'Malley Katherine , Eisermann Kurtis , Shevrin Daniel H. , Nguyen Holly M. , Vessella Robert L. , Nelson Joel B. , Parikh Rahul A. , Wang Zhou 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for patients with prostate-specific antigen progression after treatment for localized prostate cancer. An alternative to continuous ADT is intermittent ADT (IADT), which allows recovery of testosterone during off-cycles to stimulate regrowth and differentiation of the regressed prostate tumor. IADT offers patients a reduction in side effects associated with ADT, improved quality of life, and reduced cost with no difference in overall survival. Our previous studies showed that IADT coupled with 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI), which blocks testosterone conversion to DHT could prolong survival of animals bearing androgen-sensitive prostate tumors when off-cycle duration was fixed. To further investigate this clinically relevant observation, we measured the time course of testosterone-induced regrowth of regressed LuCaP35 and LNCaP xenograft tumors in the presence or absence of a 5ARI. 5α-Reductase inhibitors suppressed the initial regrowth of regressed prostate tumors. However, tumors resumed growth and were no longer responsive to 5α-reductase inhibition several days after testosterone replacement. This finding was substantiated by bromodeoxyuridine and Ki67 staining of LuCaP35 tumors, which showed inhibition of prostate tumor cell proliferation by 5ARI on day 2, but not day 14, after testosterone replacement. 5α-Reductase inhibitors also suppressed testosterone-stimulated proliferation of LNCaP cells precultured in androgen-free media, suggesting that blocking testosterone conversion to DHT can inhibit prostate tumor cell proliferation via an intracrine mechanism. These results suggest that short off-cycle coupled with 5α-reductase inhibition could maximize suppression of prostate tumor growth and, thus, improve potential survival benefit achieved in combination with IADT.
Dexamethasone Induces a Putative Repressor Complex and Chromatin Modifications in the CRH Promoter
Authors: Sharma Dharmendra , Bhave Shreyas , Gregg Elaine , Uht Rosalie 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Glucocorticoids down-regulate expression of hypothalamic CRH; however, mechanisms by which they do so are not fully understood. The proximal promoter cAMP response element, negative glucocorticoid response element (nGRE), and methylated CpG islands all play a role in crh down-regulation. Dexamethasone (Dex)-repressed crh expression is associated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) recruitment to the region of the crh promoter. Given that HDAC1 may be present in methylated CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) complexes, and that MeCP2 is known to play a role in regulating crh expression, we sought to determine whether or not HDAC1 and/or MeCP2 could interact with the GR. Dex enhanced GR interactions with both proteins. Glucocorticoid regulation of crh has also been associated with CpG methylation; thus we assessed whether GR could interact with a DNA methyltransferase (DnMT). Indeed, the GR interacted with DnMT3b, but not DnMT3a. In addition, Dex-induced occupancy of the crh promoter by HDAC1, MeCP2, and DnMT3b was associated with an increased level of promoter methylation, which appeared to be CpG site specific. Lastly, to extend previous assessment of chromatin modifications in this promoter region, the degree of histone methylation was measured. Dex increased trimethylation of histone 3-lysine 9, a marker of gene suppression; however, levels of di- and trimethylated histone 3-lysine 4, markers of gene activation, were not significantly changed. Taken together, the data suggest that Dex-mediated crh suppression involves formation of a repressor complex consisting of GR, MeCP2, and HDAC1, recruitment of DnMT3b, and associated changes in proximal promoter CpG methylation.
Adsorptions of Iso- and Terephthalaldehydes on 3-Aminopropyl-Functionalized SBA-15 with Various Loadings
Authors: Koizumi Teruaki , Yoshitake Hideaki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Isophthalaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde (m- and p-benzenedialdehydes, respectively) are adsorbed on 3-aminopropyl-functionalized SBA-15 with loadings of 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.8 mmol g−1. The data are analyzed by fitting with Langmuir adsorption isotherms. For both isomers, the adsorption capacity gradually increases with increasing loading. In contrast, in the adsorption of the m-isomer, the Langmuir constant considerably increases with loading (by a factor of 8.6), while the increase is limited in the case of p-isomer (by a factor of 1.6). This large difference, which is due to structural isomerism of adsorbate, can be explained by the ease of matching of the two aldehyde functions to 3-aminopropyl groups densely populated on the surface. The adsorption model is supported by the results of IR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of α-Arylcarboxylic Acid Amides from Silyl Enol Ether via Migratory Amidation with 2-Azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Murakami Kento , Shiratake Yuichiro , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
α-Arylcarboxylic acid amides were synthesized by reacting silyl enol ethers of aryl ketones and 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP, 1). Silyl enol ethers react with ADMP 1 to give N-(α-arylacyl)guanidines via the migration of aryl groups in enol ethers. The products were transformed to the corresponding α-aryl acetamides by treating with LiAlH4.
Intussusception After Rotavirus Vaccines Reported to US VAERS, 2006–2012
Authors: Haber Penina , Patel Manish , Pan Yi , Baggs James , Haber Michael , Museru Oidda , Yue Xin , Lewis Paige , DeStefano Frank , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:
In 2006 and 2008, 2 new rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq [RV5] and Rotarix [RV1]) were introduced in the United States.

METHODS:
We assessed intussusception events reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from February 2006 through April 2012 for RV5 and from April 2008 through April 2012 for RV1. For RV5, we conducted a self-controlled risk interval analysis using Poisson regression to estimate the daily reporting ratio (DRR) of intussusception comparing average daily reports 3 to 6 versus 0 to 2 days after vaccination. We calculated reporting rate differences based on DRRs and background rates of intussusception. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess effects of differential reporting completeness and inaccuracy of baseline rates. Few reports were submitted after RV1, allowing only a descriptive analysis.

RESULTS:
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System received 584 confirmed intussusception reports after RV5 and 52 after RV1, with clustering 3 to 6 days after both vaccines. The DRR comparing the 3- to 6-day and the 0- to 2-day periods after RV5 dose 1 was 3.75 (95% confidence interval = 1.90 to 7.39). There was no significant increase in reporting after dose 2 or dose 3. Over all 3 doses, the excess risk of intussusception was 0.79 events (95% confidence interval = –0.04 to 1.62) per 100 000 vaccinations. From the sensitivity analyses, we conclude that under a worst-case scenario, the DRR could be 5.00 and excess risk per 100 000 doses could be 1.36.

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed a persistent clustering of reported intussusception events 3 to 6 days after the first dose of RV5 vaccination. This clustering could translate to a small increased risk of intussusception, which is outweighed by the benefits of rotavirus vaccination.
Photochromic properties in Eu3+ doped Sr2SnO4
Authors: Kamimura Sunao , Yamada Hiroshi , Xu Chao-Nan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe report the photochromism (PC) in Eu3+ doped Sr2SnO4. The Sr2SnO4:Eu3+ is sensitive to UV light (λ < 350 nm) and turns to purple color. When visible light (λ= 400-700 nm) is irradiated, the colored Sr2SnO4:Eu3+ is bleached. From the results of absorption spectrum, Sr vacancies in the host lattice and charge transfer transition between Eu3+-O2- is responsible for PC process of Sr2SnO4:Eu3+.
Defect Structures during Incubation Period of Void Swelling in Austenitic and Ferritic Alloys Studied by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Huang S. , Miyawaki K. , Tsujikawa K. , Horiki M. , Yoshiie T. , Sato K. , Xu Q. , Troev T.D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the vacancy behavior during incubation period before steady state void swelling, positron annihilation lifetime measurements was performed after isochronal annealing of austenitic stainless steel (Ti added modified SUS316SS) and ferritic stainless steel (F82H) irradiated by neutrons and electrons to a dose of 0.2 dpa. By electron and neutron irradiations below 363 K, vacancies and nano-voids containing of few vacancies were formed in both alloys. By increasing annealing temperatures, the lifetime decreased without forming nano-voids. The change of lifetime during the annealing indicated the formation and growth of staking fault tetrahedra (Ti added modified SUS316SS) and the annihilation of vacancies at precipitates (F82H).
Strain development during thermal treatment of steel-based MMC by high energy X-ray diffraction.
Authors: Geandier G. , Dehmas M. , Mourot M. , Gautier E. , Denis S. , Martin O. , Karnatak N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDevelopments of composites materials had begun in the 1970's. They aimed in improving mechanical properties due to the presence of reinforcement particles. The addition of particles in a matrix led to different modifications: considering the nature of the phases and the microstructure, we can mention interface reactivity between matrix and particles, changes in the chemical composition of the matrix and modified kinetics of microstructure evolution in the matrix (as compared to the matrix without particles); considering the mechanical aspects, thermal stresses may be generated due to the differences in expansion coefficients between the particles and the matrix, or any changes in the matrix leading to a phase transformation. In the present work, we studied the evolution of the phases and the behavior of a steel based MMC during thermal treatments, for which a phase transformation occurred on cooling. Experiments and numerical simulation are considered.
Electrochemical Investigation into the Dissolution Mechanism of Anodic Oxide Films on Silicon
Authors: Liu Dongqing , Blackwood Daniel J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTElectropolishing of p-type silicon has been investigated over a wide range of HF concentrations (0.01-11 wt. %) by potentiodynamic polarization. Oxide dissolution rates were determined from the plateau current densities observed in the electropolishing region during the reverse sweeps; i.e. where the growth and dissolution rates of the anodic oxide film are believed to be equal. Based on the shape of the CV curves the oxide dissolution process was treated as a corrosion process controlled by the dissolution of a salt film, that is its rate controlled by removal of dissolved products away from the surface rather than reactants to the surface as previously proposed. Although a contribution from HF from bulk to surface cannot be completely ruled out, because the removal of the initial dissolution product can be by either mass transport or further chemical reaction with HF species in solution this mechanism is capable of explaining the dependence of the dissolution rate on HF concentration for the whole range investigated.
Perspectives on Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Merseburger Axel S. , Bellmunt Joaquim , Jenkins Cheryl , Parker Chris , Fitzpatrick John M. ,   on behalf of the European Treatment Practices Group.
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The arrival of several new agents—cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, and radium-223—is changing the treatment options and management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Many other novel agents are also being investigated. As new drugs become approved, new treatment strategies and markers to best select which patients will best respond to which drug are needed. This review article is a summary of a European Treatment Practices Meeting, which was convened to discuss these latest data on novel agents and current treatment strategies in the mCRPC setting.
Influence of low-level laser on bone remodeling during induced tooth movement in rats
Authors: Cossetin Eliziane , Janson Guilherme , de Carvalho Maria Goretti F. , de Carvalho Rejane A. , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Garib Daniela 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze the effect of low-level laser on bone remodeling during induced tooth movement in rats.

Materials and Methods:
A diode laser (808 nm, 100 mW, 54 J on an area of 0.0028 cm2) was used. The application was continuous, punctual, and with contact. Forty-two 70-day-old Wistar rats had the maxillary left first molar moved using a force level of 25 g. In two experimental subgroups the movement was performed over 7 days and in three subgroups the movement occurred over 14 days. In the 7-day movement subgroups, one subgroup received laser irradiation on day 1 only; the other subgroup received laser irradiation on days 1, 3, and 5. In the 14-day movement subgroups, one subgroup received laser irradiation on day 1 only; the second on days 1, 3, and 5; and the third on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. The control group was also divided into two subgroups, and movement occurred over two different periods of treatment (7 days and 14 days) without laser application; these were used as controls for the respective experimental subgroups. Inter-subgroup comparison was performed with Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney and analysis of variance, followed by Tukey tests within the 7- and 14-day subgroups.

Results:
The subgroup with three laser applications showed significantly greater osteoclastic activity and bone resorption than the other subgroups in the 7-day movement subgroups.

Conclusions:
Low-level laser application significantly increased the osteoclastic but not the osteoblastic activity during the initial phases of tooth movement. In addition, the osteoclastic activity was dose-dependent.
Dynamical process of complex systems and fractional differential equations
Authors: Hara Hiroaki , Tamura Yoshiyasu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Behavior of dynamical process of complex systems is investigated. Specifically we analyse two types of ideal complex systems. For analysing the ideal complex systems, we define the response functions describing the internal states to an external force. The internal states are obtained as a relaxation process showing a “power law” distribution, such as scale free behaviors observed in actual measurements. By introducing a hybrid system, the logarithmic time, and double logarithmic time, we show how the “slow relaxation” (SR) process and “super slow relaxation” (SSR) process occur. Regarding the irregular variations of the internal states as an activation process, we calculate the response function to the external force. The behaviors are classified into “power”, “exponential”, and “stretched exponential” type. Finally we construct a fractional differential equation (FDE) describing the time evolution of these complex systems. In our theory, the exponent of the FDE or that of the power law distribution is expressed in terms of the parameters characterizing the structure of the system.
Substituent effect on the energy barrier for σ-bond formation from π-single-bonded species, singlet 2,2-dialkoxycyclopentane-1,3-diyls
Authors: Ye Jianhuai , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Abe Manabu 
Published: May 2013

Background: Localized singlet diradicals are in general quite short-lived intermediates in processes involving homolytic bond-cleavage and formation reactions. In the past decade, long-lived singlet diradicals have been reported in cyclic systems such as cyclobutane-1,3-diyls and cyclopentane-1,3-diyls. Experimental investigation of the chemistry of singlet diradicals has become possible. The present study explores the substituents and the effect of their substitution pattern at the C(1)–C(3) positions on the lifetime of singlet octahydropentalene-1,3-diyls to understand the role of the substituents on the reactivity of the localized singlet diradicals.Results: A series of singlet 2,2-dialkoxy-1,3-diaryloctahydropentalene-1,3-diyls DR were generated in the photochemical denitrogenation of the corresponding azoalkanes AZ. The ring-closed products CP, i.e., 3,3-dialkoxy-2,4-diphenyltricyclo[3.3.0.02,4]octanes, were quantitatively obtained in the denitrogenation reaction. The first-order decay process (k = 1/τ) was observed for the fate of the singlet diradicals DR (λmax ≈ 580–590 nm). The activation parameters, ΔH‡ and ΔS‡, for the ring-closing reaction (σ-bond formation process) were determined by the temperature-dependent change of the lifetime. The energy barrier was found to be largely dependent upon the substituents Ar and Ar’. The singlet diradical DRf (Ar = 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, OCH2Ar’ = OCH2(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)) was the longest-lived, τ293 = 5394 ± 59 ns, among the diradicals studied here. The lifetime of the parent diradical DR (Ar = Ph, OCH2Ar’ = OCH3) was 299 ± 2 ns at 293 K.Conclusion: The lifetimes of the singlet 1,3-diyls are found to be largely dependent on the substituent pattern of Ar and Ar’ at the C(1)–C(3) positions. Both the enthalpy and entropy effect were found to play crucial roles in increasing the lifetime.
Efficiency of Ligamentotaxis Using PLL for Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fractures in the Load-sharing Classification
Authors: Jeong Won-Ju , Kim Joon-Woo , Seo Dong-Kyo , Lee Hyun-Joo , Kim Jun-Young , Yoon Jong-Pil , Min Woo-Kie 
Published: May 2013

The use of pedicle screws for short-segment implants has been known to be dangerous in patients who score a 7 or higher on McCormack’s classification. The efficiency of ligamentotaxis of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and short-segment implants and fusion in relation to McCormack’s classification has not been proven. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological results of indirect decompression using PLL ligamentotaxis between patients with a high- (score of 7 or higher) or low-grade (score of 6 or less) fracture.
Eighteen patients (19 levels) in the low-grade fracture group were compared with 23 patients (27 levels) in the high-grade fracture group. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores; radiologic measures were determined using the spinal canal area and mean sagittal diameter; and the complications were evaluated and compared. A significant improvement in each groups was found in the mean pre- and postoperative spinal canal area, mean sagittal diameter, Cobb’s angle, and anterior vertebral height compression rate. A significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the mean pre- and postoperative spinal canal area, mean sagittal diameter, and anterior vertebral height compression rate. Moreover, the VAS and ODI scores continued to significantly improve at the last follow-up in each group. No difference was found in the prevalence of complications.
Despite a high score, no significant difference was found in the clinical and radiological results and the complications. Therefore, indirect decompression using PLL ligamentotaxis was found to be a useful technique for patients who recieve a high McCormack’s classification score.
Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris Following Metal-on-Metal THA
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Yoshida Kakunoshin , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) following large-diameter metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. The authors examined the potential for using magnetic resonance imaging to screen for pseudotumors in 108 hips 2 years postoperatively. Serum cobalt and chromium concentrations were measured in 80 hips that underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty. The authors considered pseudotumors and aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions to be ARMD and compared metal ion levels between hips with ARMD (ARMD group) with hips with no ARMD (non-ARMD group).
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed pseudotumors in 9 patients (10 hips, 9%). Five of these 10 hips were symptomatic and underwent revision surgery. Two other patients underwent revision surgery due to symptomatic cup loosening with aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions. Ten patients (12 hips) had ARMD. Serum cobalt and chromium concentrations were significantly higher in hips with ARMD than hips without ARMD. Other factors, including age, body mass index, sex, clinical score, acetabular cup inclination angle, and femoral head diameter, were not significantly different between the groups.
Elevated metal ion levels suggest that ARMD is associated with increased metal wear. Magnetic resonance imaging provides sensitive screening for pseudotumors following metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty.