bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of bilateral versus unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid cancer: An updated study with more than 2000 consecutive patients
Authors: Wang Weibin , Su Xingyun , He Kuifeng , Wang Yanli , Wang Haiyong , Wang Haohao , Zhao Yinu , Zhao Wenhe , Zarnegar Rasa , Fahey Thomas J. , Teng Xiaodong , Teng Lisong 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDBilaterality is common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but its clinical and prognostic implications are still controversial, and it remains unclear whether its behavior is more aggressive than multifocality.METHODSThe clinicopathologic features of 2211 consecutive patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment at the authors’ institute between 1997 and 2011 were reviewed. Among these surgical patients, 425 (19.2%) had bilateral PTCs, and 1786 had unilateral PTCs. The patients who had unilateral PTCs were subdivided into a group with unilateral‐multifocal PTCs (210 patients) and a group with solitary PTCs (1576 patients). The 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were calculated to compare the prognosis between groups. B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) mutation status was examined by direct DNA sequencing.RESULTSPatients who had bilateral PTCs were likely to have larger tumors, higher rates of extrathyroid extension and lymph node metastasis, and more advanced tumor stage than those who had unilateral‐multifocal PTCs. Multivariate analysis identified only lymph node metastasis as an independent risk factor for PTC recurrence (P < .001). The 10‐year DFS rate for patients with bilateral PTCs was much lower than that for those with unilateral‐multifocal and solitary PTCs (78.8% vs 85.7% and 89.3%, respectively; P = .005). It is noteworthy that patients who had bilateral PTCs with lymph node metastasis had the worst prognosis in terms of DFS. Incidence of the BRAF V600E mutation (valine to glutamic acid mutation at position 600) was higher in the bilateral PTC group than that in the unilateral and unilateral‐multifocal PTC groups.CONCLUSIONSThe current results provide initial evidence that bilateral PTCs are more aggressive than unilateral‐multifocal PTCs, and patients who have bilateral disease have more advanced stage and shorter DFS. The poorer outcome of patients with bilateral PTCs may be caused in part by their high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Cancer 2016;122:198–206. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Inhibitors of bacterial protease enzymes for periodontal therapy
Authors: Hosn Kalid N. , Jefferson Mary Margaret , Leding Carlton , Shokouh‐Amiri Solomon , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLocally applied therapeutic agents have become established in the treatment of periodontal disease. Inhibition of human metalloproteases by metal‐chelating antibiotics contributes to the utility of local therapy. Adding inhibitors of bacterial proteases might extend and improve local therapy. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) produces two extracellular cysteine proteases (gingipains Rgp and Kgp) that are virulence factors and contribute to destruction of oral tissues. Our aims were to compare efficacy of protease inhibitors against gingipains and evaluate bactericidal activity of the inhibitors. Protease activity was measured in fluorescent assays with specific Rgp and Kgp substrates. Bacterial viability was measured with BacLight™ (Invitrogen, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) reagents. Pairs of inhibitors of Rgp and Kgp, respectively, were leupeptin and cathepsin B inhibitor II, KYT‐1 and KYT‐36, and PPACK and Z‐FK‐ck. The cysteine‐protease inhibitor E64 was also tested. Rgp activity was higher than Kgp activity, and activity was higher in Pg 33277 and 49417 cell suspensions than in media. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition of Rgp in cell suspensions were 2 × 10−9, 2 × 10−9, 2 × 10−8, and 5 × 10−5 M for KYT‐1, PPACK, leupeptin, and E64, respectively. Concentrations required for 50% Kgp inhibition were 5 × 10−10, 1 × 10−9, and 5 × 10−8 M for Z‐FK‐ck, KYT‐36, and cathepsin B inhibitor II. E64 did not inhibit Kgp. Inhibition of Rgp could be accounted for by competition for binding between the arginine residue of the substrate and the guanidinobutane portion of E64. PPACK was the least selective, with a 10‐fold difference in concentrations that inhibited Rgp and Kgp. KYT‐1 and Z‐FK‐ck inhibited both Rgp and Kgp, but inhibitory concentrations differed by 10,000‐fold. At up to 1 × 10−4 M, only Z‐FK‐ck was bactericidal. KYT‐1 and KYT‐36 were remarkably effective even when used in cell suspensions in which bacterial proteins could bind inhibitors or compete for binding to gingipains. These inhibitors might prove useful as an addition to locally applied therapeutic agents.
Antibodies produced in vitro in the detection of periodontal bacteria by using surface plasmon resonance analysis
Authors: Nakka Sravya Sowdamini , Lönn Johanna , Starkhammar Johansson Carin , Bengtsson Torbjörn , Nayeri Fariba 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major etiological agent associated with periodontitis. This study aims to develop antibodies to P. gingivalis in vitro for real‐time detection of bacteria in clinical samples. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood of patient treated for periodontitis and were stimulated with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. B‐cell maturation to long‐living antibody secreting‐plasma cells was studied using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The antibodies developed in vitro were immobilized onto a CM‐5 sensor chip of a biosensor to detect the presence of P. gingivalis in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy controls (n = 30). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was performed to evaluate specific interactions of bacteria in samples with the immobilized antibodies. The results of SPR analysis were compared to the detection of P. gingivalis in the samples using DNA–DNA checkerboard hybridization technique. A clear and distinct change in lymphocyte morphology upon stimulation with P. gingivalis was observed. Anti‐P. gingivalis antibodies secreted by CD38+ plasma cells showed the presence of all the four IgG subclasses. The results of DNA–DNA checkerboard analysis were in agreement with that of SPR analysis for the detection of P. gingivalis in patient samples. Furthermore, incubation with anti‐P. gingivalis attenuated the bacterial response in SPR. The in vitro method for antibody production developed during this study could be used for an efficient real‐time detection of periodontitis, and the attenuating effects of in vitro antibodies suggest their role in passive immunization to prevent periodontitis and their associated risk factors.
Variable source contributions to river bed sediments across three size fractions
Authors: Haddadchi Arman , Olley Jon , Pietsch Timothy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSediment tracing using geochemical properties is an efficient way to identify the spatial sources of transported sediments delivered to waterways. Here, the contribution of soil sources to river bed sediments has been quantified in Emu Creek, a headwater catchment in south eastern Queensland, Australia. Soil samples were collected from the eight major rock types present in the catchment and were related to river bed sediments collected from eight sites along the main channel. Geochemistry, as characterized by 39 elemental concentrations, was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Three particle size fractions were examined, <10, 10–63 and 63–212 µm, with the three resultant mixing models showing divergent results. We conclude that the results of sediment mixing models based on the analysis of one grain size should not be assumed to apply across the entire particle size range of transported sediment, emphasizing the need to match the size fraction used in tracing studies to that size fraction of interest in downstream sinks. Furthermore, we present results highlighting the control transport distance plays in source dominance, with this particularly evident in the coarser fraction, where local sources dominate over more distant sources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD73 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell functions and facilitates atherosclerotic plaque formation
Authors: Yang Jiayin , Jian Rongrong , Yu Jiangang , Zhi Xiuling , Liao Xiaohong , Yu Jerry , Zhou Ping 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExtracellular adenosine, generated by ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73) via enzymatic catalyzation, has been found to facilitate atherosclerosis (AS). Thus, suppressing CD73 may attenuate AS. In this study, we evaluated the role of CD73 during AS development and further explored cellular and molecular mechanism in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a mouse model of carotid artery ligation, inactivation of CD73 inhibited migration and proliferation of vascular SMCs. In in vitro experiments, RNA interference of CD73 inhibited migration, proliferation, and foam cell transformation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells. Further, we established an atherosclerotic model using ApoE−/− mice fed with a western diet for 16 weeks. Inactivation of CD73‐attenuated AS and hyperlipidemia in ApoE−/− mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD73 facilitates AS by promoting migration, proliferation, and foam cell transformation of vascular SMCs and elevating serum lipid levels. Thus, inhibition of CD73 may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of AS. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(11):853–860, 2015
Evidence synthesis activities of a hospital evidence‐based practice center and impact on hospital decision making
Authors: Jayakumar Kishore L. , Lavenberg Julia A. , Mitchell Matthew D. , Doshi Jalpa A. , Leas Brian , Goldmann David R. , Williams Kendal , Brennan Patrick J. , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDHospital evidence‐based practice centers (EPCs) synthesize and disseminate evidence locally, but their impact on institutional decision making is unclear.OBJECTIVETo assess the evidence synthesis activities and impact of a hospital EPC serving a large academic healthcare system.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSDescriptive analysis of the EPC's database of rapid systematic reviews since EPC inception (July 2006–June 2014), and survey of report requestors from the EPC's last 4 fiscal years.MEASUREMENTSDescriptive analyses examined requestor and report characteristics; questionnaire examined report usability, impact, and requestor satisfaction (higher scores on 5‐point Likert scales reflected greater agreement).RESULTSThe EPC completed 249 evidence reviews since inception. The most common requestors were clinical departments (29%, n = 72), chief medical officers (19%, n = 47), and purchasing committees (14%, n = 35). The most common technologies reviewed were drugs (24%, n = 60), devices (19%, n = 48), and care processes (12%, n = 31). Mean report completion time was 70 days. Thirty reports (12%) informed computerized decision support interventions. More than half of reports (56%, n = 139) were completed in the last 4 fiscal years for 65 requestors. Of the 64 eligible participants, 46 responded (72%). Requestors were satisfied with the report (mean = 4.4), and agreed it was delivered promptly (mean = 4.4), answered the questions posed (mean = 4.3), and informed their final decision (mean = 4.1).CONCLUSIONSThis is the first examination of evidence synthesis activities by a hospital EPC in the United States. Our findings suggest hospital EPCs can efficiently synthesize and disseminate evidence addressing a range of clinical topics for diverse stakeholders, and can influence local decision making. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:185–192. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Physics‐based mathematical model of 2DEG sheet charge density and DC characteristics of AlInN/AlN/GaN MOSHEMT
Authors: Jena Kanjalochan , Swain Raghunandan , Lenka T. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a physics‐based analytical model for threshold voltage, two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet charge density and DC characteristics of the proposed spacer layer‐based AlxIn1−xN/AlN/GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistor is presented by considering the quasi‐triangular quantum well. 2DEG sheet charge density (ns) is obtained by the variation of Fermi level (Ef) with supply voltage and the formation of energy subbands E0 and E1. An expression for the 2DEG sheet charge density (ns), valid in all regions of device operation, is studied and applied to derive drain current. The proposed model results for sheet charge density and drain current are calculated and verified with experimental data over a full range of applied gate and drain voltages. Scaling of DC performance is studied as a function of gate length to explore the design space of proposed metal‐oxide‐semiconductor high electron mobility transistor. Suppression in the forward gate current is observed because of the insertion of AlN spacer that made it possible to apply a high gate voltage in the transistor operation and is very useful for high power and high frequency applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The call for an increased role of replication, extension, and mixed‐methods study designs in organizational research
Authors: Wright Thomas A. , Sweeney Dennis A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryExamples from previously published work by the lead author on the role of employee health indicators on individual and organizational outcomes provide an intriguing backdrop through the use of illustration for suggesting some of the many benefits obtained by the incorporation of replication, extension, and mixed‐methods study designs in organizational research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Natural Killer Cells for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hermanson David L. , Bendzick Laura , Pribyl Lee , McCullar Valarie , Vogel Rachel Isaksson , Miller Jeff S. , Geller Melissa A. , Kaufman Dan S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can provide effective immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. Here, we evaluated the ability of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and NK cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) to mediate killing of ovarian cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. A mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the intraperitoneal delivery of three different NK cell populations: iPSC-derived NK cells, PB-NK cells that had been activated and expanded in long-term culture, and overnight activated PB-NK cells that were isolated through CD3/CD19 depletion of PB B and T cells. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor tumor burden of luciferase expressing tumor lines. Tumors were allowed to establish prior to administering NK cells via intraperitoneal injection. These studies demonstrate a single dose of any of the three NK cell populations significantly reduced tumor burden. When mice were given three doses of either iPSC-NK cells or expanded PB-NK cells, the median survival improved from 73 days in mice untreated to 98 and 97 days for treated mice, respectively. From these studies, we conclude iPSC-derived NK cells mediate antiovarian cancer killing at least as well as PB-NK cells, making these cells a viable resource for immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. Due to their ability to be easily differentiated into NK cells and their long-term expansion potential, iPSCs can be used to produce large numbers of well-defined NK cells that can be banked and used to treat a large number of patients including treatment with multiple doses if necessary.
Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Plot-Scale Forest Measurement
Authors: Newnham Glenn J. , Armston John D. , Calders Kim , Disney Mathias I. , Lovell Jenny L. , Schaaf Crystal B. , Strahler Alan H. , Danson F. Mark 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Plot-scale measurements have been the foundation for forest surveys and reporting for over 200 years. Through recent integration with airborne and satellite remote sensing, manual measurements of vegetation structure at the plot scale are now the basis for landscape, continental and international mapping of our forest resources. The use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for plot-scale measurement was first demonstrated over a decade ago, with the intimation that these instruments could replace manual measurement methods. This has not yet been the case, despite the unparalleled structural information that TLS can capture. For TLS to reach its full potential, these instruments cannot be viewed as a logical progression of existing plot-based measurement. TLS must be viewed as a disruptive technology that requires a rethink of vegetation surveys and their application across a wide range of disciplines. We review the development of TLS as a plot-scale measurement tool, including the evolution of both instrument hardware and key data processing methodologies. We highlight two broad data modelling approaches of gap probability and geometrical modelling and the basic theory that underpins these. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for increasing the utilisation of TLS for plot-scale forest assessment and forest monitoring.
Classification of Healthcare-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Influence of Different Definitions on Prevalence, Patient Characteristics, and Outcome
Authors: Smit Jesper , Søgaard Mette , Schønheyder Henrik Carl , Nielsen Henrik , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: October 2015

We investigated whether different definitions of healthcare-associated infection influenced the prevalence, characteristics, and mortality of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. With different definitions, the proportion of patients classified as having healthcare-associated S. aureus bacteremia varied substantially and the distribution of patient characteristics was influenced, whereas 30-day mortality remained robust.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):208–211
A Fractional Calculus Approach to the Prediction of Free Recovery Behaviors of Amorphous Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Fang C.-Q. , Sun H.-Y. , Gu J.-P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA fractional model generalized from the Zener model is proposed for the prediction of temperature-dependent free recovery behaviors of amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs). This model differs from the Zener model in that it involves nonlinear differential equations of fractional, not integer, order. The theoretical solution based on this fractional model is utilized to simulate the isothermal and nonisothermal free recovery of an amorphous SMP compared with the one based on the Zener model. The results show a reasonable improvement in the prediction of the strain recovery response of SMP by the fractional calculus method.
The ichneumon fly and the equilibration of British natural economies in the eighteenth century
Authors: WILLE SHEILA 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe parasitic ichneumon fly, discovered by European natural philosophers in the seventeenth century, remained largely unstudied until it captured the attention of Enlightenment-era natural historians. Although this sudden surge of interest has been explained as an effort to understand the natural ‘evil’ of parasitism, the heyday of ichneumon studies was actually inspired by the political and agricultural context of late eighteenth-century Britain. British naturalists were captivated by this insect for reasons both philosophical and practical. In the providentially self-equilibrating qualities of ‘natural’ ichneumon economies, they saw solutions to political problems of famine, dearth, national wealth, governance and excess population, in addition to finding reassurance that Enlightened confidence in nature's inherent stability and fruitfulness was not unfounded.
Generation of relative commutator subgroups in Chevalley groups
Authors: Hazrat R. , Vavilov N. , Zhang Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLet Φ be a reduced irreducible root system of rank greater than or equal to 2, let R be a commutative ring and let I, J be two ideals of R. In the present paper we describe generators of the commutator groups of relative elementary subgroups [E(Φ,R,I),E(Φ,R,J)] both as normal subgroups of the elementary Chevalley group E(Φ,R), and as groups. Namely, let xα(ξ), α ∈ Φ ξ ∈ R, be an elementary generator of E(Φ,R). As a normal subgroup of the absolute elementary group E(Φ,R), the relative elementary subgroup is generated by xα(ξ), α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I. Classical results due to Stein, Tits and Vaserstein assert that as a group E(Φ,R,I) is generated by zα(ξ,η), where α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I, η ∈ R. In the present paper, we prove the following birelative analogues of these results. As a normal subgroup of E(Φ,R) the relative commutator subgroup [E(Φ,R,I),E(Φ,R,J)] is generated by the following three types of generators: (i) [xα(ξ),zα(ζ,η)], (ii) [xα(ξ),x_α(ζ)] and (iii) xα(ξζ), where α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I, ζ ∈ J, η ∈ R. As a group, the generators are essentially the same, only that type (iii) should be enlarged to (iv) zα(ξζ,η). For classical groups, these results, with many more computational proofs, were established in previous papers by the authors. There is already an amazing application of these results in the recent work of Stepanov on relative commutator width.
The demography of a dominant Amazon liana species exhibits little environmental sensitivity
Authors: Franci Luciana de Campos , Svenning Jens-Christian , Balslev Henrik , Martins Fernando Roberto , Nabe-Nielsen Jacob 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:Despite its high plant diversity, the Amazon forest is dominated by a limited number of highly abundant, oligarchic tree and liana species. The high diversity can be related to specific habitat requirements in many of the less common species, but fewer studies have investigated the characteristics of the dominant species. To test how environmental variation may contribute to the success of dominant species we investigated whether the vital rates of the abundant lianaMachaerium cuspidatumis sensitive to canopy height, topographic steepness, vegetation density, soil components and floristic composition across an Ecuadorian Amazon forest. The population was inventoried in 1998 and in 2009. Plants were divided into seedling-sized individuals, non-climbers and climbers. Out of 448 seedling-sized plants 421 died, 539 of 732 non-climbers died, and 107 of 198 climbers died. There was weak positive effect of dense understorey on the relative growth rate of climbers. The mortality of seedling-sized plants was higher in areas with intermediate slope, but for larger plants mortality was not related to environmental variation. The limited sensitivity of the vital rates to environmental gradients in the area suggests that ecological generalism contributes to the success of this dominant Amazonian liana.