bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of an autochthonousSaccharomycesstrain starter for alcoholic fermentation of Sherry base wines
Authors: Rodríguez-Palero María Jesús , Fierro-Risco Jesús , Codón Antonio C , Benítez Tahía , Valcárcel Manuel J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeveral indigenous Saccharomyces strains from musts were isolated in the Jerez de la Frontera region, at the end of spontaneous fermentation, in order to select the most suitable autochthonous yeast starter, during the 2007 vintage. Five strains were chosen for their oenological abilities and fermentative kinetics to elaborate a Sherry base wine. The selected autochthonous strains were characterized by molecular methods: electrophoretic karyotype and random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and by physiological parameters: fermentative power, ethanol production, sugar consumption, acidity and volatile compound production, sensory quality, killer phenotype, desiccation, and sulphur dioxide tolerance. Laboratory- and pilot-scale fermentations were conducted with those autochthonous strains. One of them, named J4, was finally selected over all others for industrial fermentations. The J4 strain, which possesses exceptional fermentative properties and oenological qualities, prevails in industrial fermentations, and becomes the principal biological agent responsible for winemaking. Sherry base wine, industrially manufactured by means of the J4 strain, was analyzed, yielding, together with its sensory qualities, final average values of 0.9 g/l sugar content, 13.4 % (v/v) ethanol content and 0.26 g/l volatile acidity content; apart from a high acetaldehyde production, responsible for the distinctive aroma of “Fino”. This base wine was selected for “Fino” Sherry elaboration and so it was fortified; it is at present being subjected to biological aging by the so-called “flor” yeasts. The “flor” velum formed so far is very high quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study covering from laboratory to industrial scale of characterization and selection of autochthonous starter intended for alcoholic fermentation in Sherry base wines. Since the 2010 vintage, the indigenous J4 strain is employed to industrially manufacture a homogeneous, exceptional Sherry base wine for “Fino” Sherry production.
A Closer Look at the Recommended Criteria for Disclosing Genetic Results: Perspectives of Medical Genetic Specialists, Genomic Researchers, and Institutional Review Board Chairs
Authors: Brandt Debra S. , Shinkunas Laura , Hillis Stephen L. , Daack‐Hirsch Sandra E. , Driessnack Martha , Downing Nancy R. , Liu Megan F. , Shah Lisa L. , Williams Janet K. , Simon Christian M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNext generation sequencing offers benefit of improved health through knowledge, but comes with challenges, such as inevitable incidental findings (IFs). The applicability of recommended criteria for disclosure of individual results when applied to disclosure of IFs is not well known. The purpose of this study was to examine how medical genetic specialists, genomic researchers, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) chairs perceive the importance of recommended criteria when applied to genetic/genomic IFs. We conducted telephone interviews with medical genetic specialists (genetic counselors, genetic nurses, medical geneticists, laboratory professionals), genomic researchers, and IRB chairs (N = 103). Respondents rated and discussed the importance of nine recommended criteria regarding disclosure of genetic/genomic IFs. Stakeholders agreed the most important criteria for disclosure were: (1) the IF points to a life‐threatening condition; (2) there is a treatment; (3) individuals indicate in writing they wanted to be informed of IFs. Criteria rated less important were: analytic validity, high penetrance, association with a young age of onset and relative risk more than 2.0. Respondents indicated that some technical criteria were confusing, and in need of context. Our findings suggest that development of guidelines regarding management of IF include multiple stakeholders’ perspectives and be based on a common language.
Impact of Lipase‐Mediated Hydrolysis of Castor Oil on γ‐Decalactone Production by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Gomes Nelma , Braga Adelaide , Teixeira José A. , Belo Isabel 
Published: April 2013

Abstractγ‐Decalactone is an industrially interesting peach‐like aroma compound that can be produced biotechnologically through the biotransformation of ricinoleic acid. Castor oil (CO) is the raw material most used as the ricinoleic acid source. The effect of different CO concentrations on the γ‐decalactone production by Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated in batch processing, and 30 g L−1 was found to be the optimal oil concentration. Under these conditions, cells were able to produce lipase but at low activity levels, which might limit ricinoleic acid release and consequently, the γ‐decalactone production rate. Thus, the enzymatic hydrolysis of CO by commercial lipases was studied under different operating conditions. Lipozyme TL IM was found to be the most efficient and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were pH 8 and 27 °C. The use of hydrolyzed CO in the aroma production allowed a decrease in the lag phase for γ‐decalactone secretion.
Tribological Properties of Biobased Ester Phosphonates
Authors: Biresaw Girma , Bantchev Grigor B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree phosphonate derivatives of methyl oleate (MeO) were chemically synthesized in a radical chain reaction and their physical and tribological properties investigated. The phosphonates differed from each other in the structure of the alkoxy groups attached to the phosphorous, which were as follows: methoxy, ethoxy, and n‐butoxy. Phosphonylation eliminated the unsaturation in MeO and also introduced branching. The phosphonate oils had higher density and viscosity than MeO, which was attributed to the contribution of the heavier phosphorus atom in their structures, and to their higher molecular weights, respectively. The phosphonates also displayed improved oxidation stability and cold flow properties, which were attributed to the elimination of the double bond and the introduction of branching in their molecular structures, respectively. Tribological investigations were conducted using 4‐Ball anti‐wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) methods. Neat phosphonates displayed lower AW coefficients of friction and wear scar diameters than MeO. The improved AW results were attributed to the higher viscosity of the phosphonates, since the AW test is conducted in the mixed film regime. The phosphonates had no effect on EP weld point (WP) as neat oils or as 5 % additives in petroleum‐based oils. In soy base oil, 5 % phosphonate additives displayed smaller improvement in WP than zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP). It is proposed that this lack of EP characteristics could be due to the high dissociation energy of C–P bonds in the phosphonates, compared to, for example, S–P bonds in ZDDP.
Schistosomiasis among pregnant women in rural communities in Nigeria
Authors: Salawu Oyetunde T. , Odaibo Alexander B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the epidemiology of urogenital schistosomiasis among pregnant women in rural communities of southwestern Nigeria.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional epidemiologic survey of urogenital schistosomiasis was conducted during 2010–2011 among pregnant women in Yewa North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. The women were microscopically screened for infection with Schistosoma haematobium.ResultsOf 313 volunteer participants, 20.8% tested positive for S. haematobium infection. The prevalence of infection was highest (31.5%) among women aged 20–24 years. The infection intensity did not differ significantly between age groups (t = 1.848, P = 0.71). Primigravidae and women in the first trimester of pregnancy had the highest intensity of infection with 33.1 and 27.7 eggs/10 mL of urine, respectively. There was an association between disease prevalence and parasite intensity across the age groups (χ2 = 68.82, P = 0.02). The prevalence of S. haematobium was not associated with age or pregnancy trimester (P = 0.06), but associations existed between intensity of infection and gravidity (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among pregnant women in Nigeria was high, with younger women and primigravidae at the greatest risk. These data can be used to develop a schistosomiasis control program among pregnant women in the study area.
Use of preoperative clinicopathologic characteristics to identify patients with low‐risk cervical cancer suitable for Piver class II radical hysterectomy
Authors: Xiong Ying , Liu Ji‐hong , Zheng Min , Cao Li‐ping , Liang Li‐zhi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term efficacy of Piver–Rutledge class II radical hysterectomy (Piver II RH) for treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer and to identify suitable candidates for this procedure.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of 432 cervical cancer patients (tumor size ≤ 4 cm) treated with Piver II RH at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, between January 1, 1999, and June 30, 2005. The correlation of preoperative and postoperative characteristics with recurrence and survival was analyzed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 72 months; the overall recurrence rate was 14.6%. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 88.0% and the 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 93.0%. Significant differences were observed between patients with small (≤ 2 cm) and large (> 2 cm) tumors with regard to intra‐pelvic recurrence (2.5% vs 13.4%; P = 0.001), extra‐pelvic recurrence (3.4% vs 9.9%; P = 0.028), RFS (95.0% vs 86.0%; P = 0.005), and OS (95.0% vs 87.0%; P = 0.005). Preoperative tumor size was the only factor that correlated with recurrence (P = 0.018), RFS (P = 0.038), and OS (P = 0.029) in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionCervical cancer patients with tumors of 2 cm or less were identified as candidates for Piver II RH, which promoted excellent local tumor control and long‐term survival.
Effect of Parathyroid Hormone Combined With Gait Training on Bone Density and Bone Architecture in People With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gordon Keith E. , Wald Michael J. , Schnitzer Thomas J. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the response of bone to 2 anabolic stimuli, teriparatide and mechanical loading, in subjects with spinal cord injury.DesignA pilot study, 1 group, pretest‐posttest.SettingA rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 12 nonambulatory chronic spinal cord injury subjects.MethodsThe subjects were administered open‐label teriparatide 20 μg/d while undergoing robotic‐assisted stepping 3 times a week for 6 months, followed by 6 months of teriparatide alone.Main Outcome MeasurementsBone status was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months by using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry to calculate bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip, magnetic resonance imaging to assess bone microarchitecture of the distal tibia, and serum bone markers.ResultsMean (SD) baseline BMD measurements at the spine and the left and right total hip were 1.05 ± 0.162 g/cm2, 0.638 ± 0.090 g/cm2 and 0.626 ± 0.088 g/cm2, respectively. After 6 months of treatment, BMD changed 2.19% ± 3.61%, 0.02% ± 2.21%, and 0.74% ± 2.80% at the spine, and left and right total hip, respectively. These changes were not statistically significant (P > .05 for all). Magnetic resonance imaging supported an anabolic effect after 3 months of treatment with significant (P < .05) changes in trabecular thickness, 4.4% ± 4.06%; surface‐to‐curve ratio, 23.6% ± 22.3%; and erosion index, −17.04% ± 12.9%. Although the trend remained after 6 months, statistical significance was not retained. At 6 months, bone markers indicated an increase in mean levels of bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, 53.8% ± 62.9%; C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, 137.6% ± 194.6%; and intact amino‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, 61.4% ± 99.3%.ConclusionIn this limited pilot study, teriparatide and mechanical loading resulted in a numerical but not statistically significant increase in lumbar spine BMD and no significant BMD changes at the hip. Magnetic resonance imaging at the distal tibia suggested an anabolic effect, but the high sensitivity offered by this technique was challenged by the limited ability to obtain analyzable data from all the subjects. Further studies that involve longer treatment periods and greater mechanical loading are warranted.
Calonectria pseudonaviculata can Cause Leaf Spot and Stem Blight of Pachysandra procumbens
Authors: LaMondia J. A. , Li D. W. 
Published: April 2013

The authors' objective in this study was to determine the susceptibility of P. procumbens to C. pseudonaviculata. This is the first report of C. pseudonaviculatum causing a leaf spot and stem lesion disease on P. procumbens. Accepted for publication 14 January 2012. Published 26 February 2013.
Evaluation of Biorational Products for Management of Phytophthora Blight of Bell Pepper Transplants
Authors: Ables Camilla Yandoc , Hong Jason C. , Kokalis-Burelle Nancy , Albano Joseph P. , Lamb Elizabeth M. , Rosskopf Erin N. 
Published: April 2013

There is a critical need for pest control products that are compatible with sustainable agricultural practices, such as those based on natural antagonists or plant defense activators. Four separate, repeated experiments were conducted in which commercially available biopesticides and phosphonate-containing products were evaluated in the greenhouse for the management of Phytophthora blight of bell pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. The phosphonate-containing product, FNX-100, applied as a soil drench, was found to be the most effective treatment for decreasing the incidence of stem and crown rot. A single soil drench of FNX-100 applied at the lowest concentration provided disease control that was as effective as multiple applications of the highest rate. Foliar applications of FNX-100 at any concentration or frequency were ineffective for disease control, and caused pronounced phytotoxicity when compared to the FNX-100 soil drench. The phosphorous acid K-Phite was found to be less effective than FNX-100, but disease symptoms were minimal in plants treated with a soil drench of that product. While the efficacy of three other phosphonate-containing products, Prophyt, Phostrol, and FNX-2500, were inconsistent, it was observed that these products were also more effective in managing disease when applied as a soil drench rather than as a foliar spray. Accepted for publication 18 December 2012. Published 26 February 2013.
Molecular Detection of Tobacco rattle virus in Bleeding Heart [Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem.] Growing in Alaska
Authors: Robertson Nancy L. 
Published: April 2013

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) was detected in bleeding heart from South Central Alaskan home gardens in 2010-11. TRV M-type and NM-type isolates were confirmed from these symptomatic bleeding heart plants by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR polymerase chain reaction, protein, serological, and virus transmission assays. RNA1 was sequenced from one of the bleeding heart M-type isolates, and the nucleotide identity ranged from 91% to 94% when compared with six TRV isolates from potato, spinach, and alstroemeria. This is the first detection of TRV from D. spectabilis in Alaska. It is also the first time that M- and NM-type isolates have been distinguished from bleeding heart plants. The significance of these findings is that even though TRV infected plants containing NM-type isolates probably will not be spread to other plants by its specific nematode vector; vegetative propagated roots from TRV infected plants of either type of isolates will continue to be a source of diseased plants to home gardeners. Accepted for publication 18 December 2012. Published 27 February 2013.
First Report of Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera palczewskii) on Siberian Peashrub in Montana
Authors: Lonergan Erin , Skoglund Linnea G. 
Published: April 2013

The Siberian peashrub is a common ornamental shrub in Montana. Beginning in 2005, a powdery mildew was observed on samples from several counties. In 2012, samples were collected from Ravalli and Gallatin counties and identified as Microsphaera palczewskii. It was first reported from collections taken in Washington and Idaho and subsequently identified in Minnesota and North Dakota in 2006. This is the first report for Montana. Accepted for publication 11 February 2013. Published 27 March 2013.
An Epidemic of Downy Mildew caused by Peronospora destructor on Vidalia Sweet Onions in Georgia in 2012
Authors: Parkunan Venkatesan , Gitaitis Ronald D. , Dutta Bhabesh , Langston David B. , Ji Pingsheng 
Published: April 2013

The first reported occurrence of onion downy mildew (ODM) on Vidalia sweet onions in Georgia was in 1999. Although the disease is not common every year, two epidemics have occurred since 1999. The authors report here on the impact of a recent outbreak of ODM on the $100-million Vidalia onion crop in 2012. Accepted for publication 29 January 2013. Published 28 March 2013.
Comparative genomic analysis of magnetotactic bacteria from the Deltaproteobacteria provides new insights into magnetite and greigite magnetosome genes required for magnetotaxis
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Trubitsyn Denis , Abreu Fernanda , Kolinko Sebastian , Jogler Christian , de Almeida Luiz Gonzaga Paula , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza R. , Kube Michael , Reinhardt Richard , Lins Ulysses , Pignol David , Schüler Dirk , Bazylinski Dennis A. , Ginet Nicolas 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) represent a group of diverse motile prokaryotes that biomineralize magnetosomes, the organelles responsible for magnetotaxis. Magnetosomes consist of intracellular, membrane‐bounded, tens‐of‐nanometre‐sized crystals of the magnetic minerals magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) and are usually organized as a chain within the cell acting like a compass needle. Most information regarding the biomineralization processes involved in magnetosome formation comes from studies involving Alphaproteobacteria species which biomineralize cuboctahedral and elongated prismatic crystals of magnetite. Many magnetosome genes, the mam genes, identified in these organisms are conserved in all known MTB. Here we present a comparative genomic analysis of magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria that synthesize bullet‐shaped crystals of magnetite and/or greigite. We show that in addition to mam genes, there is a conserved set of genes, designated mad genes, specific to the magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria, some also being present in Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum of the Nitrospirae phylum, but absent in the magnetotactic Alphaproteobacteria. Our results suggest that the number of genes associated with magnetotaxis in magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria is larger than previously thought. We also demonstrate that the minimum set of mam genes necessary for magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum is also conserved in magnetite‐producing, magnetotactic Deltaproteobacteria. Some putative novel functions of mad genes are discussed.
Vaginal examination does not improve diagnostic accuracy in early pregnancy bleeding
Authors: Johnstone Chris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to determine if a vaginal examination improves diagnostic accuracy when assessing women who present to the ED with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐five women with first trimester bleeding were randomised to have a vaginal examination (n = 61) or not (n = 74). They were given a provisional diagnosis, and then a final diagnosis after ultrasound, beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin and gynaecological follow up. The provisional diagnosis was considered accurate if it matched the final diagnosis.ResultsThe provisional and final diagnoses matched in a little over half of the cases, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.005, P = 0.94).ConclusionIn a stable patient presenting to the ED with first trimester bleeding, clinical diagnosis is highly inaccurate and is not improved by vaginal examination. Routine vaginal examination is not necessary as part of the initial patient assessment.
The mitochondrial genome of the plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae): Presently known as the smallest in Heteroptera
Authors: Wang Pei , Li Hu , Wang Ying , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Dai Xun , Chang Jian , Hu Bao‐Wen , Cai Wan‐Zhi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the plant bug, Apolygus lucorum, an important cotton pest, has been sequenced and annotated in this study. The entire circular genome is 14 768 bp in size and represents the smallest in presently known heteropteran mt genomes. The mt genome is encoding for two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 13 protein coding genes and a control region, and the order, content, codon usage and base organization show similarity to a great extent to the hypothetical ancestral model. All protein coding genes use standard initiation codons ATN. Conventional stop codons TAA and TAG have been assigned to the most protein coding genes; however, COIII, ND4 and ND5 genes show incomplete terminator signal (T). All tRNA genes possess the typical clover leaf structure, but the dihydrouridine arm of tRNASer(AGN) only forms a simple loop. Secondary structure models of rRNA genes are generally in accordance with the former models, although some differences exist in certain parts. Three intergenic spacers have never been found in sequenced mt genomes of Heteroptera. The phylogenetic study based on protein coding genes is largely congruent with previous phylogenetic work. Both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses highly support the sister relationship of A. lucorum and Lygus lineolaris, and Miridae presents a sister position to Anthocoridae.
Microencapsulation of Essential Oil for Insect Repellent in Food Packaging System
Authors: Chung Seong Kyun , Seo Ji Yeon , Lim Jung Hoon , Park Hyung Hwan , Yea Myeong Jai , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Microcapsules containing thyme oil were prepared by in situ polymerization, using melamine–formaldehyde prepolymer as a wall material and 3 different emulsifiers (pluronic F‐127, tween 80, and sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS]). The general characteristics and release behavior of microcapsules, and their repellent effect against insects were investigated. The morphology of microcapsules using SLS was spherical shape with smooth surface. Microcapsules began to degrade at 150 °C. The particle size ranged from 1 to 10 μm and the loading efficiency of thyme oil was clearly affected by the emulsifier type. The highest loading efficiency appeared in microcapsules using SLS, which have good thermal resistance and smooth surface. The release rate of thyme oil from microcapsules was not only dependent on the storage temperature but also emulsifier type and microcapsules showed the sustained release properties for a long time. Diets, which were mixed with encapsulated thyme oil, expressed high insect repellent efficacy over 90% for 4 wk.Practical Application: Essential oil has various pest‐control characteristics, including repellent, ovicidal, and antifeedant efficacy. This work showed the sustained release properties and long‐lasting repellency of encapsulated essential oil. The results suggest that the great potential of essential oil microcapsules can be applied in coating or printing of food packaging materials for the insects repelling effects.