bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the paper wasp genusPolistes(Hymenoptera: Vespidae): implications for the overwintering hypothesis of social evolution
Authors: Santos Bernardo F. , Payne Ansel , Pickett Kurt M. , Carpenter James M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe phylogeny of the paper wasp genusPolistesis investigated using morphological and behavioural characters, as well as molecular data from six genes (COI,12S,16S,28S,H3, andEF1‐α). The results are used to investigate the following evolutionary hypotheses about the genus: (i) thatPolistesfirst evolved in Southeast Asia, (ii) that dispersal to the New World occurred only once, and (iii) that long‐term monogyny evolved as an adaptation to overwintering in a temperate climate. Optimization of distribution records on the recovered tree does not allow unambiguous reconstruction of the ancestral area ofPolistes. While the results indicate thatPolistesdispersed into the New World from Asia, South America is recovered as the ancestral area for all New WorldPolistes: Nearctic species groups evolved multiple times from this South American stock. The final tree topology suggests strongly that the genus first arose in a tropical environment, refuting the idea of monogyny as an overwintering adaptation.
How do patients score cosmesis after laparoscopic natural orifice specimen extraction colectomy?
Authors: Wolthuis A. M. , Meuleman C. , Tomassetti C. , D'Hooghe T. , Fieuws S. , de Buck van Overstraeten A. , D'Hoore A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimLaparoscopic colorectal resection results in improved cosmetic outcome and better presumed body image. Laparoscopic NOSE colectomy omits an incision for specimen extraction and is supposed to further improve postoperative cosmesis. This study aimed to assess the cosmetic benefit.MethodForty‐nine patients who underwent a NOSE colectomy for bowel endometriosis from September 2009 to September 2013 were matched for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and body mass index (BMI) with patients who underwent a conventional laparoscopic colectomy for the same indication. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of a body scale and a cosmetic scale and the Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) including five subscales (appearance, symptoms, scar consciousness, satisfaction with appearance and satisfaction with symptoms).ResultsPatient demographics were similar between both groups. Patients were assessed at a median postoperative follow‐up of 41 months in the NOSE colectomy group and 35 months in the conventional resection group. The median body image questionnaire score was 15 for NOSE colectomy and 18 for conventional resection (P = 0.027). The respective median PSAQ scores were 56 and 71 (P = 0.002). There was a good relationship between the PSAQ score and the body image questionnaire (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.82).ConclusionDepending on the scoring system used, the cosmetic outcome may be better after NOSE colectomy than conventional laparoscopy in patients having surgery for endometriosis. The comprehensive body image questionnaire, being shorter and easier to use, could be a valid tool for assessing cosmesis after NOSE procedures.
New fully covered large‐bore wide‐flare removable metal stent for drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: Results of a multicenter study
Authors: Bapaye Amol , Itoi Takao , Kongkam Pradermchai , Dubale Nachiket , Mukai Shuntaro 
Published: December 2014

Background and AimEndoscopic transmural drainage (ETMD) of peripancreatic fluid collections (PFC) is an effective alternative to surgical drainage. Conventional drainage using plastic stents has its limitations. A wide‐bore short‐length wide flange fully covered self‐expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) has recently been developed. The present study evaluates the efficacy of this new FCSEMS for ETMD of PFC.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter study. Patients with PFC undergoing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of PFC using specially designed FCSEMS were included. Parameters evaluated were technical success of stent placement, clinical success as defined by resolution of PFC without any further surgical intervention, ability to carry out endoscopic necrosectomy, complications and feasibility of endoscopic stent removal.ResultsTwenty‐one PFC in 19 patients were drained using FCSEMS. Technical and clinical success for drainage was seen in all patients (100%). Endoscopic necrosectomy was carried out in seven (33%) PFC. Complications occurred in two patients (10.5%). Stents could be endoscopically removed in all patients (100%).ConclusionsThe new specially designed FCSEMS is safe and effective for drainage of PFC. Necrosectomy can be carried out through the stent. Stent can be removed endoscopically at the end of the treatment period.
Circus in Action: Exploring the Role of aTranslation Zonein theCirque duSoleil's Creative Practices
Authors: Rantisi Norma M. , Leslie Deborah 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article explores the process of knowledge production and creativity in the circus. In particular, it examines how theCirque du Soleil has been able to forge an innovative and novel tradition of circus arts by drawing upon knowledge and competencies from the related fields of sport, circus, dance, and theater. Using the notion of translation developed in actor network theory, we trace how a variety of actors and entities, including both human and nonhuman actants, are enrolled in the creation of a contemporary circus performance. We explore how power and agency are distributed in the networks that foster creativity in the circus, highlighting their inherently unstable and precarious nature, and how theCirque has created an open and unbounded space that accommodates fluid exchanges between actants (what we call a translation zone).
Impact of diabetes mellitus on lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels in patients with heart failure
Authors: Rengo Giuseppe , Pagano Gennaro , Paolillo Stefania , de Lucia Claudio , Femminella Grazia D. , Liccardo Daniela , Cannavo Alessandro , Formisano Roberto , Petraglia Laura , Komici Klara , Rengo Franco , Trimarco Bruno , Ferrara Nicola , Leosco Dario , Perrone‐Filardi Pasquale 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with impaired prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), but pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. In the failing heart, elevated β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) activation by catecholamines causes G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase‐2 (GRK2) upregulation which is responsible for β‐AR signalling dysfunction. Importantly, GRK2 expression, measured in peripheral lymphocytes of HF patients, correlates with levels of this kinase in the failing myocardium reflecting the loss of hemodynamic function. Moreover, HF‐related GRK2 protein overexpression promotes insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signalling. The aim of this study was to assess lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels in HF patients with and without DM.Methods and materialsPatients with a diagnosis of HF were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete clinical examination (including NYHA functional class assessment and echocardiography) and blood draw for serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), lymphocyte GRK2 and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. Demographic data including age, sex, medications, cardiovascular risk factors and presence of comorbidities were also collected.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐eight patients with HF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 30·6 ± 7·6%) with and without DM were enrolled. No differences between the two groups were found in terms of demography, HF aetiology, LVEF, NYHA class, NE and NT‐proBNP. GRK2 was significantly higher in patients with DM compared to non‐DM. At multivariate linear regression analysis, LVEF, NE, NT‐proBNP and diabetes came out to be independent predictors of GRK2 levels in the overall study population.ConclusionIn HF patients, DM is associated with significantly more elevated lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels, likely reflecting more compromised cardiac β‐AR signalling/function, despite similar hemodynamic status and neuro‐hormonal activation compared to patients without DM. These findings contribute to explain the negative prognostic impact of DM in patients with HF.
Feeding response of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii, to sublethal rates of flonicamid and imidacloprid
Authors: Koo Hyun‐Na , Lee Seon‐Woo , Yun Seung‐Hwan , Kim Hyun Kyung , Kim Gil‐Hah 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe cotton aphid,Aphis gossypiiGlover (Hemiptera:Aphididae), is an important sap‐sucking pest of many plants, including melons and peppers. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sublethal exposure to flonicamid and imidacloprid and the mechanisms by which these insecticides affect the feeding behavior ofA. gossypii. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of flonicamid and imidacloprid for adultA. gossypiiwere 2.40 and 1.92 mg l−1, respectively. The lower lethal concentrations of flonicamid were 1.01 mg l−1(LC30) and 0.29 mg l−1(LC10), and those of imidacloprid were 0.82 mg l−1(LC30) and 0.24 mg l−1(LC10). The developmental period ofA. gossypiinymphs atLC30was 3.6 days for both insecticides, which was shorter than that of the untreated controls (4.2 days). Longevity and total fecundity ofA. gossypiiadults were decreased at the sublethal concentrations of both insecticides. The lowest net reproductive rate was observed inA. gossypiitreated with theLC30of flonicamid. Feeding behavior analyses using an electrical penetration graph showed that sublethal concentrations of flonicamid and imidacloprid had significant effects on the duration of phloem ingestion. Higher doses of flonicamid induced starvation by inhibiting phloem ingestion, whereas imidacloprid acted as a contact toxin rather than an inhibitor of feeding behavior.
The effect of temperature changes onin vitroslow wave activity in the equine ileum
Authors: Fintl C. , Hudson N. P. H. , Handel I. , Pearson G. T. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studySlow waves are rhythmic pacemaker currents generated by the gastrointestinal pacemaker cells, the interstitial cells ofCajal, and represent the rate‐limiting step for small intestinal smooth muscle contractions. Therefore, factors that affect slow wave activity may also influence contractile activity. It is not known how temperature changes may influence slow wave activity in the horse. This could be of relevance during colic surgery if cooling of exposed intestine resulted in reduced slow wave activity potentially exacerbating post operative ileus.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of temperature changes onin vitroslow wave activity of normal equine ileum using intracellular recording techniques.Study designIn vitroexperimental study.MethodsA segment of ileum was collected immediately following euthanasia from 9 horses for reasons unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract. Intracellular recordings of membrane potentials were made from individual smooth muscle cells. The temperature of the tissue bath was altered during the course of each experiment across a range of 27–41°C. All data were recorded and stored using a computer‐interfaced acquisition system. A software package was used to analyse slow wave frequency, duration, amplitude and resting membrane potential.ResultsIn all 9 horses, slow wave frequency was highly temperature sensitive and approximately linearly related to the temperature over the range studied, increasing by 0.5 cycles/min for each 1°Cincrease in temperature (P<0.001). The initial slow wave frequency resumed when the temperature was returned to 37°C. The recovery time appeared to be directly related to the duration for which the temperature had been changed.ConclusionsSlow wave frequency in the equine ileum is highly temperature sensitive. As post operative ileus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the horse, the negative effect of lower temperatures on slow waves, and therefore contractile activity, should be considered.
An optimised injection technique for the navicular bursa that avoids the deep digital flexor tendon
Authors: Daniel A. J. , Goodrich L. R. , Barrett M. F. , Werpy N. M. , Morley P. S. , McIlwraith C. W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyInjection of the navicular bursa is commonly performed from the palmar aspect of the limb, which results in penetration of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT).ObjectivesTo report a radiographic guided injection from the lateral aspect of the limb that avoids puncture of the DDFT and to assess synovial and soft tissue penetration by the needle.Study designProspective clinical and cadaveric study.MethodsProspective analysis of cadaver limbs and clinical cases in which the navicular bursa was injected from the lateral aspect. Cadaver limbs were placed in a stand to simulate weight bearing and injection was performed in limbs without synovial distension or with distension of either the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) or navicular bursa. In cadaver and clinical limbs, contrast was injected and the needle position assessed with radiographs. Cadaver (but not clinical) limbs were also examined using magnetic resonance imaging with the needle in situ.ResultsSuccessful navicular bursal injection was achieved in all limbs (n = 71). Relative risk of DIP joint puncture was 19 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.3–285.4, P<0.001) when the DIP joint was distended (9 of 10 limbs) than in normal limbs (0 of 10 limbs). Relative risk of DFTS puncture was 2.7 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.0–7.2, P = 0.06) when the DFTS was distended (8 of 10 limbs) than in normal limbs (3 of 7 limbs). Synovial fluid was aspirated from 47% of bursae from clinical cases.ConclusionsThe lateral injection technique for the navicular bursa avoids penetration of the DDFT, although risk of synovial penetration must be considered when there is potential DIP joint or DFTS infection.
Correlations of portal pressure in post‐cholecystectomy benign biliary stricture
Authors: Nag Hirdaya H. , Arora Asit , Tyagi Ila , Ramaswamy Dinesh , Patil Nilesh , Sakhuja Puja , Saha Renuka , Agarwal Anil K. 
Published: December 2014

AimPresence of portal hypertension (PH) adversely affects perioperative and long‐term outcome in patients with post‐cholecystectomy benign biliary stricture (PCBBS). Identification of factors related to the development of PH will help to prevent this complication.MethodsFrom September 2010 to December 2012, 30 patients with PCBBS were studied prospectively for correlation of portal pressure (PP) with injury repair interval (IRI), biliary pressure (BP), severity of hepatic fibrosis (FS), severity of hepatic inflammation (IS) and obstructive biliary pathology score (OBPS). Appropriate statistical methods employed and P ≤ 0.05 (two‐sided) was considered statistically significant.ResultsMean PP, mean BP and median IRI were 19.4 ± 4.74 mmHg, 20.1 ± 3.99 mmHg and 145 days, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (P‐value) of PP with IRI, FS, IS and OBPS were 0.564 (0.001), 0.502 (0.004), 0.752 (0.0001) and 0.242 (0.19), respectively. Pearson correlation of PP with BP was r = 0.383 (r2 = 0.146, P = 0.03). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (P‐value) of FS with IS and OBPS were 0.561 (0.003) and 0.371 (0.04), respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of serum bilirubin with OBPS was 0.550 (P = 0.001). Incidence of PH was 33.3% and mean fall of PP following biliary repair was 6.2 ± 1.98 mmHg (P < 0.0001).ConclusionPP in patients with PCBBS has a good correlation with IS, and a fair correlation with both FS and IRI whereas PP was not directly related to BP and OBPS; further prospective trials are mandatory to confirm this correlation, and to evaluate mechanism of fall in PP following biliary decompression.
Petrology of mantle diopsidite from Wadi Fizh, northern Oman ophiolite: Cr and REE mobility by hydrothermal solution
Authors: Akizawa Norikatsu , Arai Shoji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDiopsidite, mainly composed of diopsidic clinopyroxene (diopside for simplicity), was precipitated from a high‐temperature hydrothermal solution, rich in silicate components mainly in the mantle peridotite. We present here a new type of diopsidite in the uppermost mantle section, which contains Cr‐rich minerals such as chromite, Cr‐rich diopside (<2.5 wt.% Cr2O3) and Cr‐rich grossular (<7 wt.% Cr2O3). The chromites are varied in shape, subhedral to anhedral, and sometimes contain globular inclusions of grossular and chlorite. Film‐like chromite branches off from coarse partially dissolved chromite grains, filling diopside grain boundaries. The diopside is Cr‐rich solely around the chromite seam or chromite concentrate, but is almost free from Cr elsewhere. The diopsidite is surrounded by a whitish rock, which is composed of tremolite with a trace amount of chromite, diopside and grossular. The coarse chromite grain (<1 mm) in the whitish rock is highly vermicular in shape. The petrological and chemical characteristics of the mantle diopsidite suggest that a hydrothermal solution had collected Cr by partial to complete dissolution of chromite when replacing the mantle peridotite, and possibly transported Cr upward to the crust. Abundances of trace elements (rare earth elements(REE), Sr, Zr, Ti and Y) in the mantle diopsidite indicate their mobility in a hydrothermal solution together with Cr.
The formation of rodingite in the Nagasaki metamorphic rocks at Nomo Peninsula, Kyushu, Japan – Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopes and trace element evidence
Authors: Fukuyama Mayuko , Ogasawara Masatsugu , Dunkley Daniel J. , Wang Kuo‐Lung , Lee Der‐Chuen , Hokada Tomokazu , Maki Kenshi , Hirata Takafumi , Kon Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRodingites occur in serpentine‐matrix mélange of the Nagasaki metamorphic rocks in Japan. Two types of rodingites can be distinguished on the basis of their mode of occurrence and mineralogical composition. One occurs as dikes, which contain a mineral assemblage of grossular, vesuvianite, diopside, apatite, titanite, and zircon. The other occurs as a block, which consists of zoisite, clinozoisite, diopside, chlorite, apatite, titanite, and zircon. The former type of rodingites posses two types of zircons: prismatic and porous. The prismatic zircons contain primary fluid inclusions indicating their crystallization in the presence of fluids. The porous zircons have extensive fractures filled by zircon, which are indicative of a hydrothermal origin. Both zircon types were thought to have formed under the influence of fluids. U–Pb ion probe analyses of prismatic zircons from the rodingites yield a weighted mean age of 108–105 Ma, suggesting the Early Cretaceous as the time of rodingitization in the subduction zone. Hafnium isotopic compositions of prismatic zircons are close to or overlap with the mid ocean ridge basalt (MORB) Hf isotopic ratio. This indicates that the fluid composition may have been reflected by the MORB composition during rodingitization. On the other hand, the low εHf values (11.8–18.9) of porous zircons suggest that they incorporate a small amount of Hf from fluid contaminated by subducted sediments. The rodingites are significantly enriched in Sr and depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) (Cs, Rb, Ba). The fluid during rodingitization is able to extracts LILEs from the protolith of rodingites and adds Sr to the protolith of rodingites. The high field strength elements (HFSE) (Zr, Th, U, Nb, Ta) concentrations in the rodingites are similar to those of MORB, thus indicate their relatively immobile nature during rodingitization.
Thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of current practices in an Australian teaching hospital
Authors: Pow R. E. , Vale P. R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Prophylaxis significantly reduces the rate of VTE following these procedures. Previous studies report suboptimal uptake of guideline recommended thromboprophylaxis.AimsTo describe VTE prophylaxis prescribing practices in a major hospital for joint replacement surgery. To determine the proportion of patients receiving guideline recommended thromboprophylaxis. To define the incidence of in‐hospital VTE following THA and TKA.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 402 consecutive patients undergoing THA or TKA from June to October 2013. Patient characteristics, operative and anaesthetic factors, details of thromboprophylaxis and the incidence of in‐hospital VTE are reported. Comparison is made with recent guidelines.ResultsFour hundred and two patients underwent THA (n = 202) or TKA (n = 200). Ninety‐nine per cent of patients received mechanical prophylaxis. One hundred per cent of patients received chemoprophylaxis in hospital. Enoxaparin was most commonly prescribed followed by aspirin. Patients undergoing TKA were more likely to receive an anticoagulant (89.9% vs 47.8% for THA, P < 0.05). 74.5% received chemoprophylaxis on discharge (mean duration 22.1 days). The incidence of in‐hospital VTE was 4.7%.ConclusionsThe proportion of study patients receiving thromboprophylaxis compares favourably with prior research. The overall incidence of VTE is higher than that demonstrated in major orthopaedic trials. Inadequate duration of chemoprophylaxis remains a potential area of improvement. Extended prophylaxis should be prescribed as per current guidelines. Comparison between efficacy and safety of various agents is the subject of future research.
Patterns and processes in the distribution of European centipedes (Chilopoda)
Authors: Simaiakis Stylianos Michail , Strona Giovanni 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo identify consistent biogeographical modules, and examine species diversity and distribution patterns of centipede assemblages.LocationEurope, including Turkey and Macaronesia.MethodsA dataset was compiled, detailing the occurrence of 585 species of centipedes in 56 countries. Cluster analysis using UPGMA (unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages) was used to identify biogeographical modules. To cope with potential issues resulting from the use of political geographical entities, the robustness of the modules was tested using two different randomization approaches. Potential centres of diversity and dispersal for the taxa were hypothesized using two different approaches, based on nestedness analysis using NODF and on investigation of species diversity gradients, respectively.ResultsThe Mediterranean region was found to be the most species‐rich area. Cluster analysis identified four major biogeographical modules, namely Eastern Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean, Balkan Peninsula with eastern–central Europe, and north‐western Europe. The robustness of these modules was supported by two randomization approaches. Both the analysis of nestedness and of species diversity gradients consistently identified the Balkan Peninsula as a potential centre of diversity for centipedes in Europe.Main conclusionsThe arrangement of the centipede fauna into four biogeographical modules is consistent with European topography and environmental heterogeneity, with high mountain ranges acting as dispersal barriers, limiting the species overlap between modules. Common palaeogeographical history may explain the high degree of nestedness observed in the central and north‐western European modules, whereas the high number of singletons and endemics is responsible for the low degree of nestedness in southern Europe. The identification of the Balkan Peninsula as a potential centre of diversity is in agreement with its high environmental heterogeneity and its known role as a Pleistocene glacial refugium.