bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnership Transitions and Antisocial Behavior in Young Adulthood
Authors: Siennick Sonja E. , Staff Jeremy , Osgood D. Wayne , Schulenberg John E. , Bachman Jerald G. , VanEseltine Matthew 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: This study examines the effects of young adult transitions into marriage and cohabitation on criminal offending and substance use, and whether those effects changed since the 1970s, as marriage rates declined and cohabitation rates rose dramatically. It also examines whether any beneficial effects of cohabitation depend on marriage intentions. Methods: Using multi-cohort national panel data from the Monitoring the Future ( N = 15,875) study, the authors estimated fixed effects models relating within-person changes in marriage and cohabitation to changes in criminal offending and substance use. Results: Marriage predicts lower levels of criminal offending and substance use, but the effects of cohabitation are limited to substance use outcomes and to engaged cohabiters. There are no cohort differences in the associations of marriage and cohabitation with criminal offending, and no consistent cohort differences in their associations with substance use. There is little evidence of differences in effects by gender or parenthood. Conclusions: Young adults are increasingly likely to enter romantic partnership statuses that do not appear as effective in reducing antisocial behavior. Although cohabitation itself does not reduce antisocial behavior, engagement might. Future research should examine the mechanisms behind these effects, and why nonmarital partnerships reduce substance use and not crime.
Movement disorders associated with spontaneous CSF leaks: A case series
Authors: Mokri Bahram 
Published: April 2014

Importance and Objective Headache is the most common symptom in spontaneous CSF leaks, frequently associated with additional manifestations. Herein, attention is drawn to movement disorder as a notable manifestation of spontaneous CSF leaks. Design Four women and one man (ages 51–78 years) with spontaneous CSF leaks and movement disorders were evaluated clinically and by pertinent neuroimaging studies with follow-up of one to seven years (mean 3.2 years). Results The movement disorder consisted of choreiform movements in two patients, torticollis in one, mixed tremor in one, and parkinsonism in one. All except the last patient had headaches (orthostatic in one, Valsalva maneuver-induced in one, both orthostatic and Valsalva-induced in two, lingering low-grade headache in one). Diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement and sinking of the brain was noted in all. CT-myelography showed definite CSF leak in three and equivocal leak in one, while no leak could be located in the fifth patient. Two patients improved over time with complete resolution of the movement disorder. One responded to epidural blood patch with complete resolution of his choreiform movements. Two patients required surgery and epidural blood patches. Results were drastic but nondurable in one, while complete recovery was achieved in the other. Conclusion Movement disorders are uncommon in spontaneous CSF leaks but occasionally can be one of the major components of the clinical presentation.
Thickening of the somatosensory cortex in migraine without aura
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Jung Bin , Suh Sang-il , Seo Woo-Keun , Oh Kyungmi , Koh Seong-Beom 
Published: April 2014

Objective We aimed to explore cortical thickness abnormalities in a homogeneous group of patients with migraine without aura and to delineate possible relationships between cortical thickness changes and clinical variables. Methods Fifty-six female migraine patients without aura and T2-visible white matter hyperintensities and 34 female controls were scanned on a 3T magnetic resonance imager. Cortical thickness was estimated and compared between patients and controls using a whole-brain vertex-by-vertex analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted between cortical thickness of significant clusters and clinical variables. Results Compared to controls, migraine patients had cortical thickening in left rostral middle frontal gyrus and bilateral post-central gyri. Region-of-interest analysis revealed cortical thickening of bilateral post-central gyri in migraine patients relative to controls. The average thickness of bilateral post-central gyri positively correlated with disease duration as well as estimated lifetime headache frequency. Conclusions We have provided evidence for interictal cortical abnormalities of thickened prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex in female migraine patients without aura. Our findings of greater thickening of the somatosensory cortex in relation to increasing disease duration and increasing headache frequency suggest that repeated migraine attacks over time may lead to structural changes of the somatosensory cortex through increased noxious afferent input within the trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathway in migraine.
Age-Related Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant Vascular-Derived Cells
Authors: Uefuji Atsuo , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Matsushita Takehiko , Ueha Takeshi , Zhang Shurong , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: April 2014

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) does not heal spontaneously after injury, and patients of different ages respond differently to treatment. CD34+ stem/progenitor cells derived from the ACL remnant and associated tissues contribute to tendon-bone healing, but the relationship between age and the ACL’s healing potential has not been clarified. Hypothesis: The ACL remnant and associated tissues from adolescent patients have more CD34+ cells, and this population of cells from younger patients exhibits a higher potential for proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ruptured ACL remnants and associated tissues were harvested from 28 patients (mean age, 24.6 ± 1.6 years) who had undergone primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Patients were divided into 3 patient groups by age: 10-19 years (teens group; n = 10), 20-29 years (20s group; n = 10), and ≥30 years (30s group; n = 8). The ACL remnant cells were characterized using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Expansion potential was evaluated using population doubling (PD), and multilineage differentiation potential was assessed and compared. Results: The FACS analysis showed numerous CD34+ cells in the teens group compared with the 30s group (mean, 25.4% ± 7.9% vs 16.9% ± 3.9%, respectively; P = .044). The PD results indicated that the teens group had a significantly higher expansion potential than the 30s group at passage 3 (mean, 3.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.8 ± 0.2, respectively; P = .039). Young ACL remnant cells had a higher potential for osteogenic differentiation according to alkaline phosphatase activity (teens group, 169.5 ± 37.9 × 10 ng/mL vs 30s group, 64.9 ± 14.6 × 10 ng/mL; P = .029) and osteocalcin gene expression (teens group, 1.0 ± 0.25 vs 30s group, 0.39 ± 0.01; P = .01). In addition, the teens group displayed a higher differentiation potential to angiogenic lineages (acetylated low-density lipoprotein/ Ulex europaeus lectin-stained cell counts) than other groups (teens group, 15.9 ± 1.9 vs 20s group, 8.9 ± 1.3 [ P = .04]; teens group, 15.9 ± 1.9 vs 30s group, 7.2 ± 1.5 [ P = .008]) and also tube length (teens group, 6939 ± 470 μm vs 30s group, 4119 ± 507 μm; P = .009). Conclusion: The ACL remnants of adolescent patients had more CD34+ cells, and those cells had a higher potential for proliferation and multilineage differentiation in vitro. Clinical Relevance: During remnant-preserving or remnant-transplanted ACL reconstruction, surgeons should consider the patient’s age when predicting the healing potential.
Non-thromboembolic risk in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Deák M , Bocskai M , Burcsár S , Dányi O , Fekete Z , Kovács L 
Published: April 2014

Objectives We investigated the impact of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positivity on the non-thromboembolic clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods In total, 224 patients with SLE were studied, of whom 105 were aPL-positive; 52 fulfilled the criteria for APS. SLE- and APS-related clinical and laboratory features were assesed: SLE patients with aPL or APS were compared with those without these features. Results Not only thromboembolic events, but also Coombs-positive haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and endocarditis occurred significantly more frequently in the aPL-positive than in the aPL-negative patients. In the APS + SLE subgroup, several non-thromboembolic symptoms occurred more often than in the absence of APS: pleuritis, interstitial lung disease, myocarditis, nephritis and organic brain syndrome. The mean number of major organ manifestations (1.2 vs. 0.5) and the overall number of organ manifestations (8.1 vs. 6.9) were higher in the APS + SLE patients than in those without APS ( p < 0.05). The APS + SLE subgroup more frequently required intensive immunosuppressive treatment than did the APS-negative patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusions SLE patients with aPL positivity or secondary APS also have a higher risk to develop non-thromboembolic disease manifestations in addition to the aPL-related symptoms, and are predisposed to more severe SLE manifestations.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in neonates with stroke—a unique entity or variant of antiphospholipid syndrome?
Authors: Berkun Y , Simchen MJ , Strauss T , Menashcu S , Padeh S , Kenet G 
Published: April 2014

Objective YB current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Israel YB and MJS contributed equally to the study and should be regarded as joint first authors on this manuscript. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may present with thrombosis and persistently elevated titers of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the neonatal period. Our aim was to investigate the course and impact of elevated titers of aPL in a cohort of infants presenting with either perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) or cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT) during the perinatal period. Study design Sixty-two infants with clinically and radiologically confirmed PAS or CSVT presenting in the neonatal period underwent thrombophilia workup that included Factor V Leiden (FVL), PII20210A mutation, MTHFR 677T polymorphism, protein C, protein S, aPL namely either circulating lupus anticoagulant (CLA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) or anti-β2-glycoprotein-1 (β2GP1). Mothers also underwent thrombophilia workup. Results Twelve infants with persistently elevated aPL were prospectively followed. Infants with positive aPL showed no concordance with presence of maternal aPL. All children were followed for a median of 3.5 years (range: nine months to 19 years) with repeated aPL testing every three to six months. Anticoagulant therapy initiation and therapy duration varied at the physician’s discretion. In 10/12 cases aPL decreased to normal range within 2.5 years; one female with complex thrombophilia risk factors required indefinite prolonged anticoagulation. None of the infants showed recurrent thrombosis or any other APS manifestations, despite lack of prolonged anticoagulation. Conclusions The presence of aPL may be important in the pathogenesis of cerebral thrombosis in neonates. Nevertheless, the nature of thrombophilia interactions in this period and their therapeutic impact warrants further investigation.
The acquisition of definiteness in Hebrew (L2) by bilingual preschool children (Russian-L1): A longitudinal multiple-case study
Authors: Schwartz Mila , Rovner Hadas 
Published: April 2014

In this longitudinal study, we examined bilingual children’s acquisition of definiteness in Hebrew (L2). Hebrew distinguishes between definite and indefinite nouns by marking definiteness by article. We recorded the speech of nine bilingual Russian–Hebrew-speaking children ranging in age from three to four years old in monthly sessions over a period of seven months. Their age of onset of acquisition of Hebrew (L2) ranged from six to 42 months. The L1 of all participants was Russian, which has no definite and indefinite articles. We compared the bilingual children’s acquisition of definiteness in Hebrew to that of monolingual Hebrew-speaking children to outline the qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the patterns found. This comparison also enabled us to determine whether the bilinguals transfer their knowledge from L1 to L2 ( transfer hypothesis) or show fluctuation in their article choice ( fluctuation hypothesis). Four tendencies were found with regard to the bilingual children: 1. All bilingual children made omission errors in definite contexts (evidence of transfer); 2. We observed misuse of articles, overuse and syntactic errors in all the children’s utterances (evidence of fluctuation); 3. We found both similarities and differences between bilinguals and monolinguals in acquisition of definiteness; and 4. Children with early age of L2 onset (before age three) demonstrated more accelerated acquisition of definiteness than children with later onset of L2 (after age three).
Children’s scientific reasoning in the context of bilingualism
Authors: Kempert Sebastian , Hardy Ilonca 
Published: April 2014

Aims and objectives: A number of studies revealed effects of bilingualism on the cognitive development of both children and adults. Executive functions in particular seem to be enhanced due to the constant use of two language systems. In the present study, we explored whether effects of enhanced executive functioning are also related to bilinguals’ performance on a scientific reasoning task. Methodology: In a quasi-experimental design we compared monolingual and bilingual elementary school students on a variety of measures including language proficiency, cognitive ability, executive functions, and a modified reasoning task adapted from Kuhn and Pease (2006). Data and analysis: The data of 57 elementary school students were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and group comparisons via multivariate ANOVAs. Findings: Results revealed specific group differences on the measures of executive functions. On the measure of inhibition, the bilingual group showed superior performance, while no differences on the measure of attentional control were found. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that students’ performance on the reasoning task was best explained by the measures of cognitive ability and attentional control. However, the total amount of variance explained by our measures was less than 20%. Since there were no group differences on these variables, an advantage of bilingualism on the reasoning task was not detected. Originality: The results of the study contribute to the body of research on the cognitive effects of bilingualism and its specifics. Moreover, they extend research on the positive effects of bilingualism to more applied contexts. Implications: The results emphasize the necessity to specify the role of executive functions in reasoning tasks in order to reliably test for a possible transfer of bilingual advantages to academic learning contexts.
Splintage in the treatment of sagittal band incompetence and extensor tendon subluxation
Authors: Peelman J. , Markiewitz A. , Kiefhaber T. , Stern P. 
Published: April 2014

This study assessed the success of splintage for traumatic and atraumatic sagittal band incompetence and its relationship to the duration of symptoms before treatment. A retrospective review of all patients with sagittal band incompetence treated with splintage was performed. All patients had extensor tendon subluxation on physical examination. Ninety-two patients were included: 68 traumatic and 24 atraumatic. Subluxation resolved with splintage in 77 patients. Traumatic tendon subluxation resolved in 95% of acute injuries, 100% of subacute injuries, and 67% of chronic injures. Atraumatic tendon subluxation resolved in 100% of patients with acute presentation, 67% of patients with subacute presentation, and 57% of patients with chronic presentation. Surgery was rarely required. Splintage proved very effective for acute sagittal band incompetence, regardless of causation, but decreased in efficiency with chronicity. Level of evidence: Level 4
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients With Hip Fracture Seen in an Orthogeriatric Service in Sunny Singapore
Authors: Ramason Rani , Selvaganapathi Natesan , Ismail Noor Hafizah Binte , Wong Wei Chin , Rajamoney Ganesan Naidu , Chong Mei Sian 
Published: April 2014

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in older adults in Western countries with seasonal winters, when the amount of sunlight is much reduced. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with hip fracture in countries such as Singapore where the climate is predominantly tropical. Objectives: In this study, our aims were to ascertain the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in hospitalized elderly patients with hip fracture in Singapore. Methods: We prospectively studied 485 patients with hip fracture admitted to the orthopedic department over a 1-year period. Nonfragility fractures and younger patients (patients <60 years and those with high-impact injuries) were excluded. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, functional status, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were collected. Vitamin D deficiency was defined using Holick classification. Results: Vitamin D levels were available for 412 patients. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 57.5% (n = 237). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 34.5%, with only 8% of patients having normal vitamin D levels. Univariate analyses showed Malay race and functional factors (being housebound, requiring bathing and dressing assistance) to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. However, only ethnicity and housebound patients were significant in the multivariate model. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in patients with hip fracture in Singapore. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with being housebound and those of Malay ethnicity. Clothing habits resulting in reduced sunlight exposure may increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency.
Improved multi-level protein–protein interaction prediction with semantic-based regularization
Authors: Saccà Claudio , Teso Stefano , Diligenti Michelangelo , Passerini Andrea 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Protein–protein interactions can be seen as a hierarchical process occurring at three related levels: proteins bind by means of specific domains, which in turn form interfaces through patches of residues. Detailed knowledge about which domains and residues are involved in a given interaction has extensive applications to biology, including better understanding of the binding process and more efficient drug/enzyme design. Alas, most current interaction prediction methods do not identify which parts of a protein actually instantiate an interaction. Furthermore, they also fail to leverage the hierarchical nature of the problem, ignoring otherwise useful information available at the lower levels; when they do, they do not generate predictions that are guaranteed to be consistent between levels.

Results
Inspired by earlier ideas of Yip et al. (BMC Bioinformatics 10:241, 2009), in the present paper we view the problem as a multi-level learning task, with one task per level (proteins, domains and residues), and propose a machine learning method that collectively infers the binding state of all object pairs. Our method is based on Semantic Based Regularization (SBR), a flexible and theoretically sound machine learning framework that uses First Order Logic constraints to tie the learning tasks together. We introduce a set of biologically motivated rules that enforce consistent predictions between the hierarchy levels.

Conclusions
We study the empirical performance of our method using a standard validation procedure, and compare its performance against the only other existing multi-level prediction technique. We present results showing that our method substantially outperforms the competitor in several experimental settings, indicating that exploiting the hierarchical nature of the problem can lead to better predictions. In addition, our method is also guaranteed to produce interactions that are consistent with respect to the protein–domain–residue hierarchy.
Facilitating the transition from physiology to hospital wards through an interdisciplinary case study of septic shock
Authors: Li Albert S , Berger Kenneth I , Schwartz David R , Slater William R , Goldfarb David S 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
In order to develop clinical reasoning, medical students must be able to integrate knowledge across traditional subject boundaries and multiple disciplines. At least two dimensions of integration have been identified: horizontal integration, bringing together different disciplines in considering a topic; and vertical integration, bridging basic science and clinical practice. Much attention has been focused on curriculum overhauls, but our approach is to facilitate horizontal and vertical integration on a smaller scale through an interdisciplinary case study discussion and then to assess its utility.

Methods
An interdisciplinary case study discussion about a critically ill patient was implemented at the end of an organ system-based, basic sciences module at New York University School of Medicine. Three clinical specialists—a cardiologist, a pulmonologist, and a nephrologist—jointly led a discussion about a complex patient in the intensive care unit with multiple medical problems secondary to septic shock. The discussion emphasized the physiologic underpinnings behind the patient’s presentation and the physiologic considerations across the various systems in determining proper treatment. The discussion also highlighted the interdependence between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems, which were initially presented in separate units. After the session students were given a brief, anonymous three-question free-response questionnaire in which they were asked to evaluate and freely comment on the exercise.

Results
Students not only took away physiological principles but also gained an appreciation for various thematic lessons for bringing basic science to the bedside, especially horizontal and vertical integration. The response of the participants was overwhelmingly positive with many indicating that the exercise integrated the material across organ systems, and strengthened their appreciation of the role of physiology in understanding disease presentations and guiding appropriate therapy.

Conclusions
Horizontal and vertical integration can be presented effectively through a single-session case study, with complex patient cases involving multiple organ systems providing students opportunities to integrate their knowledge across organ systems while emphasizing the importance of physiology in clinical reasoning. Furthermore, having several clinicians from different specialties discuss the case together can reinforce the matter of integration across multiple organ systems and disciplines in students’ minds.