bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of mercury and selenium in blood compartments of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, Florida
Authors: Correa Lucero , Castellini J. Margaret , Wells Randall S. , O'Hara Todd 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Total mercury and selenium concentrations ([THg], [Se]) in serum, plasma, whole blood, and packed cells were examined in a resident population of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA. The authors determined how these elements partition in blood and assess compartment-specific associations. Determining the distribution of Se and THg can provide physiologic insight into potential association of Hg with selenol-containing biomolecules (e.g., antioxidants) in blood compartments. Concentrations of THg were ranked serum &lt; plasma &lt; whole blood &lt; packed cells; whereas for Se concentrations, plasma &lt; serum &lt; whole blood &lt; packed cells. The Se:THg molar ratio was greater than 1 in all compartments, with the higher ratios found in serum and plasma (plasma &lt; serum) and the lower in whole blood and packed cells (packed cells &lt; whole blood). Age was positively correlated with [THg] in all blood compartments and with [Se] in serum, plasma, and whole blood. Age was negatively correlated with Se:THg molar ratios in all blood compartments, driven by low [THg] in young animals. Although [THg] was highly correlated among all blood compartments, this was not the case for [Se]. The feasibility of calculating packed cell [THg], [Se], and Se:THg molar ratios using hematocrit measurements in combination with whole blood and plasma [THg] and [Se] was validated, allowing routine assessment of compartmentalization within erythrocytes using standard clinical measurements. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2441–2448. © 2013 SETAC
Statistical improvements in functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses produced by censoring high‐motion data points
Authors: Siegel Joshua S. , Power Jonathan D. , Dubis Joseph W. , Vogel Alecia C. , Church Jessica A. , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Petersen Steven E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSubject motion degrades the quality of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Here, we test two classes of methods to counteract the effects of motion in task fMRI data: (1) a variety of motion regressions and (2) motion censoring (“motion scrubbing”). In motion regression, various regressors based on realignment estimates were included as nuisance regressors in general linear model (GLM) estimation. In motion censoring, volumes in which head motion exceeded a threshold were withheld from GLM estimation. The effects of each method were explored in several task fMRI data sets and compared using indicators of data quality and signal‐to‐noise ratio. Motion censoring decreased variance in parameter estimates within‐ and across‐subjects, reduced residual error in GLM estimation, and increased the magnitude of statistical effects. Motion censoring performed better than all forms of motion regression and also performed well across a variety of parameter spaces, in GLMs with assumed or unassumed response shapes. We conclude that motion censoring improves the quality of task fMRI data and can be a valuable processing step in studies involving populations with even mild amounts of head movement. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1981–1996, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Midlife measurements of white matter microstructure predict subsequent regional white matter atrophy in healthy adults
Authors: Ly Martina , Canu Elisa , Xu Guofan , Oh Jennifer , McLaren Donald G. , Dowling N. Maritza , Alexander Andrew L. , Sager Mark A. , Johnson Sterling C. , Bendlin Barbara B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectives: Although age‐related brain changes are becoming better understood, midlife patterns of change are still in need of characterization, and longitudinal studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine if baseline fractional anisotropy (FA), obtained from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) predicts volume change over a 4‐year interval. Experimental design: Forty‐four cognitively healthy middle‐age adults underwent baseline DTI and longitudinal T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Tensor‐based morphometry methods were used to evaluate volume change over time. FA values were extracted from regions of interest that included the cingulum, entorhinal white matter, and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Baseline FA was used as a predictor variable, whereas gray and white matter atrophy rates as indexed by Tensor‐based morphometry were the dependent variables. Principal observations: Over a 4‐year period, participants showed significant contraction of white matter, especially in frontal, temporal, and cerebellar regions (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Baseline FA in entorhinal white matter, genu, and splenium was associated with longitudinal rates of atrophy in regions that included the superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior corona radiata, temporal stem, and white matter of the inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). Conclusions: Brain change with aging is characterized by extensive shrinkage of white matter. Baseline white matter microstructure as indexed by DTI was associated with some of the observed regional volume loss. The findings suggest that both white matter volume loss and microstructural alterations should be considered more prominently in models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2044–2054, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of atypical antipsychotic therapy use in adults with bipolar I disorder in the USA
Authors: Chen Wenjia , DeVeaugh‐Geiss Angela M. , Palmer Liisa , Princic Nicole , Chen Ya‐Ting 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the utilization patterns of atypical antipsychotics (AA) among insured patients with bipolar I disorder in the USA.MethodsWe studied patients with bipolar I disorder who newly initiated an oral AA between 2002 and 2008. Utilization measures included adherence [medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥80%], persistence (gaps ≤15 days between refills and an absence of ≥30 days of continuous concomitant non‐index AA use), non‐compliance (16–29 day gaps with no evidence of switch/augmentation), and discontinuation of the index AA (≥30 days without index AA, no evidence of switch/augmentation).ResultsThe study included 16 807 patients: mean age 43.3 years, 67.7% female. Overall, adherence to the index AA was low (8.3%; mean MPR = 0.2). Only 10.5% of the patients were persistent to index AA, another 13.6% were non‐compliant, and 63.4% discontinued index AA with an average time to discontinuation of 66 days. A majority (69.5%) of the discontinued patients did not resume any antipsychotic therapy. Results were similar across insurance types and index AA.ConclusionAdherence to and persistence with AA treatment were low in new users with bipolar I disorder. Most patients discontinued the index AA and did not restart any antipsychotic treatment. Future study should distinguish physician‐directed discontinuation versus patient non‐adherence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of collagen and cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic arterial tissue using non‐linear microscopy
Authors: Cicchi Riccardo , Matthäus Christian , Meyer Tobias , Lattermann Annika , Dietzek Benjamin , Brehm Bernhard R. , Popp Jürgen , Pavone Francesco Saverio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAtherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall and is commonly diagnosed using standard histology. Non‐linear microscopy represents a possible label‐free alternative to standard diagnostic methods for imaging various tissue components. Here we employ SHG and CARS microscopy for imaging thin cross‐sections of atherosclerotic arterial tissue, demonstrating that both cholesterol deposition in the lumen and collagen in the normal arterial wall can be imaged and discriminated using SHG and CARS microscopy. A simultaneous detection of both forward and backward scattered SHG signals allows distinguishing collagen fibres from cholesterol. Further analysis, based on image pattern evaluation algorithms, is used to characterize collagen organization in the healthy arterial wall against collagen found within plaques. Different values of fibre mean size, distribution and anisotropy are calculated for lumen and media prospectively allowing for automated classification of atherosclerotic lesions. The presented method represents a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating atherosclerotic tissue. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium on ct appears as a simple cyst on sonography
Authors: Gakhal Mandip S. , Levy Howard M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMilk of calcium within a renal cyst typically layers in the dependent aspect of the cyst and appears echogenic with posterior shadowing and reverberation echoes on sonography. We present a rare case of a renal cyst completely filled with milk of calcium, which appeared sonolucent with enhanced through transmission. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:100–102, 2014
A systematic mapping procedure based on the Modified Gaussian Model to characterize magmatic units from olivine/pyroxenes mixtures: Application to the Syrtis Major volcanic shield on Mars
Authors: Clenet Harold , Pinet Patrick , Ceuleneer Georges , Daydou Yves , Heuripeau Frédérick , Rosemberg Christine , Bibring Jean‐Pierre , Bellucci Giancarlo , Altieri Francesca , Gondet Brigitte 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClenet et al. (2011) have developed an adapted version of the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM). The improvements allow the characterization of spectra of olivine‐pyroxene(s) mixtures, addressing both modal composition and individual minerals chemical composition. This version of MGM is fully automated and operational with large amounts of hyperspectral imaging data. Two natural cases are considered. The first one is the Sumail massif in the Oman ophiolite (Earth). Based on our approach applied to HyMap data, two contrasted lithologic units are mapped: the mantle, which is harzburgite dominated, and the crust made of gabbros and clinopyroxene‐rich cumulates, with spectral variations interpreted in terms of pyroxenes chemical compositions. Once this new MGM mapping approach has been validated on a controlled natural situation, we map the distribution of mafic assemblages across the Syrtis Major volcano on Mars using a visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) ‐ short wave infrared (SWIR) Observatoire pour la minéralogie, l'eau, les glaces et l'activité (OMEGA) / Mars Express (MEx) mosaic. Our results are in agreement with previous work but olivine appears to be more abundant than previously estimated in the central part of the volcanic edifice, especially in ternary mafic assemblages (augite, olivine, enstatite). Based on these results, we propose a possible scenario for the igneous (and thus thermal) evolution of the Syrtis Major region. Surrounding terrains have formed first and local heterogeneity can be observed between northern and southern areas of the Noachian crust. We also observe variations in the mineral assemblages within Syrtis Major lavas, which can be interpreted in terms of differentiation from a common parent melt and/or of a progressive evolution of the mantle source composition and temperature.
Representing the effects of alpine grassland vegetation cover on the simulation of soil thermal dynamics by ecosystem models applied to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yi S. , Li N. , Xiang B. , Wang X. , Ye B. , McGuire A. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSoil surface temperature is a critical boundary condition for the simulation of soil temperature by environmental models. It is influenced by atmospheric and soil conditions and by vegetation cover. In sophisticated land surface models, it is simulated iteratively by solving surface energy budget equations. In ecosystem, permafrost, and hydrology models, the consideration of soil surface temperature is generally simple. In this study, we developed a methodology for representing the effects of vegetation cover and atmospheric factors on the estimation of soil surface temperature for alpine grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Our approach integrated measurements from meteorological stations with simulations from a sophisticated land surface model to develop an equation set for estimating soil surface temperature. After implementing this equation set into an ecosystem model and evaluating the performance of the ecosystem model in simulating soil temperature at different depths in the soil profile, we applied the model to simulate interactions among vegetation cover, freeze‐thaw cycles, and soil erosion to demonstrate potential applications made possible through the implementation of the methodology developed in this study. Results showed that (1) to properly estimate daily soil surface temperature, algorithms should use air temperature, downward solar radiation, and vegetation cover as independent variables; (2) the equation set developed in this study performed better than soil surface temperature algorithms used in other models; and (3) the ecosystem model performed well in simulating soil temperature throughout the soil profile using the equation set developed in this study. Our application of the model indicates that the representation in ecosystem models of the effects of vegetation cover on the simulation of soil thermal dynamics has the potential to substantially improve our understanding of the vulnerability of alpine grassland ecosystems to changes in climate and grazing regimes.
Assessment of the total, stomatal, cuticular, and soil 2 year ozone budgets of an agricultural field with winter wheat and maize crops
Authors: Stella Patrick , Personne Erwan , Lamaud Eric , Loubet Benjamin , Trebs Ivonne , Cellier Pierre 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study evaluates ozone (O3) deposition to an agricultural field over a period of 2 years. A two‐layer soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere‐transfer (Surfatm‐O3) model is used to partition the O3 flux between the soil, the cuticular, and the stomatal pathways. The comparison between measured and modeled O3 fluxes exhibited a good agreement, independently of the canopy structure and coverage and the climatic conditions, which implicitly validates the O3 flux partitioning. The total, soil, cuticular, and stomatal O3 budgets are then established from the modeling. Total ecosystem O3 deposition over the 2 year period was 87.5 kg ha−1. Clearly, nonstomatal deposition dominates the deposition budget, especially the soil component which represented up to 50% of the total deposition. Nevertheless, the physiological and phenological differences of maize and winter wheat induced large difference in the stomatal deposition budgets of these two crops. Then, the effect of simplified parameterizations for soil and cuticular resistances currently used in other models on the O3 budget is tested. Independently, these simplified parameterizations cause an underestimation of the O3 deposition ranging between 0% and 11.2%. However, the combination of all simplifications resulted in an underestimation of the total O3 deposition by about 20%. Finally, crop yield loss was estimated to be 1.5–4.2% for the winter wheat, whereas maize was not affected by O3.
Cervical disc deformation during flexion–extension in asymptomatic controls and single‐level arthrodesis patients
Authors: Anderst William , Donaldson William , Lee Joon , Kang James 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize cervical disc deformation in asymptomatic subjects and single‐level arthrodesis patients during in vivo functional motion. A validated model‐based tracking technique determined vertebral motion from biplane radiographs collected during dynamic flexion–extension. Level‐dependent differences in disc compression–distraction and shear deformation were identified within the anterior and posterior annulus (PA) and the nucleus of 20 asymptomatic subjects and 15 arthrodesis patients using a mixed‐model statistical analysis. In asymptomatic subjects, disc compression and shear deformation per degree of flexion–extension progressively decreased from C23 to C67. The anterior and PA experienced compression–distraction deformation of up to 20%, while the nucleus region was compressed between 0% (C67) and 12% (C23). Peak shear deformation ranged from 16% (at C67) to 33% (at C45). In the C5–C6 arthrodesis group, C45 discs were significantly less compressed than in the control group in all disc regions (all p ≤ 0.026). In the C6–C7 arthrodesis group, C56 discs were significantly less compressed than the control group in the nucleus (p = 0.023) and PA (p = 0.014), but not the anterior annulus (AA; p = 0.137). These results indicate in vivo disc deformation is level‐dependent, and single‐level anterior arthrodesis alters the compression–distraction deformation in the disc immediately superior to the arthrodesis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1881–1889, 2013
Fiberoptic microneedle device facilitates volumetric infusate dispersion during convection‐enhanced delivery in the brain
Authors: Hood R. Lyle , Andriani Rudy T. , Emch Samantha , Robertson John L. , Rylander Christopher G. , Rossmeisl John H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA fiberoptic microneedle device (FMD) was designed and fabricated for the purpose of enhancing the volumetric dispersal of macromolecules delivered to the brain through convection‐enhanced delivery (CED) by concurrent delivery of sub‐lethal photothermal hyperthermia. This study's objective was to demonstrate enhanced dispersal of fluid tracer molecules through co‐delivery of 1,064 nm laser energy in an in vivo rodent model.Materials and MethodsFMDs capable of co‐delivering fluids and laser energy through a single light‐guiding capillary tube were fabricated. FMDs were stereotactically inserted symmetrically into both cerebral hemispheres of 16 anesthetized rats to a depth of 1.5 mm. Laser irradiation (1,064 nm) at 0 (control), 100, and 200 mW was administered concurrently with CED infusions of liposomal rhodamine (LR) or gadolinium–Evans blue‐serum albumin conjugated complex (Gd–EBA) at a flow rate of 0.1 µl/min for 1 hour. Line pressures were monitored during the infusions. Rodents were sacrificed immediately following infusion and their brains were harvested, frozen, and serially cryosectioned for histopathologic and volumetric analyses.ResultsAnalysis by ANOVA methods demonstrated that co‐delivery enhanced volumetric dispersal significantly, with measured volumes of 15.8 ± 0.6 mm3 for 100 mW compared to 10.0 ± 0.4 mm3 for its fluid only control and 18.0 ± 0.3 mm3 for 200 mW compared to 10.3 ± 0.7 mm3 for its fluid only control. Brains treated with 200 mW co‐delivery exhibited thermal lesions, while 100 mW co‐deliveries were associated with preservation of brain cytoarchitecture.ConclusionBoth lethal and sub‐lethal photothermal hyperthermia substantially increase the rate of volumetric dispersal in a 1 hour CED infusion. This suggests that the FMD co‐delivery method could reduce infusion times and the number of catheter insertions into the brain during CED procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:418–426, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variations in the PRKAA1 and ZBTB20 genes and gastric cancer susceptibility in a Korean population
Authors: Song Hye‐Rim , Kim Hee Nam , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Choi Jin‐Su , Shim Hyun Jeong , Cho Sang Hee , Chung Ik Joo , Park Young‐Kyu , Kim Soo Hyun , Choi Yoo‐Duk , Joo Kyung Woong , Shin Min‐Ho 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified new susceptibility single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13361707 (PRKAA1 and PTGER4 gene on 5p13.1) and rs9841504 (ZBTB20 gene on 3q13.31) that were significantly associated with non‐cardia gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether rs13361707 and rs9841504 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population. We conducted a large‐scale case–control study of 3245 gastric cancer patients and 1700 controls. The allele frequencies for rs13361707 C and rs9841504 G were 53.5% and 18.3% among gastric cancer cases, compared with 47.1% and 17.2% among controls, respectively. We found that rs13361707 TC and CC genotypes were associated with increased risk for gastric cancer (odds ratios [OR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–1.51 for TC vs. TT and 1.68; 1.41–2.01 for CC vs. TT). However, we found no significant association between rs9841504 and gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.11; 0.97–1.28 for CG vs. CC; OR = 1.09; 0.77–1.53 for GG vs. CC). We observed no significant interactions between rs13361707 and rs9841504 polymorphisms and age, gender, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and clinicopathologic characteristics such as anatomical tumor location and histological type. Our study showed that the rs13361707 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population. This finding provides further evidence that genetic variant of PRKAA1 and PTGER4 genes may contribute to the gastric carcinogenesis. However, we found no association between rs9841504 and gastric cancer risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of a Workplace Training Programme in Improving Social, Communication and Emotional Skills for Adults with Autism and Intellectual Disability in Hong Kong – A Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Karen P. Y. , Wong Denys , Chung Anthony C. Y. , Kwok Natalie , Lam Madeleine K. Y. , Yuen Cheri M. C. , Arblaster Karen , Kwan Aldous C. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis pilot study explored the effectiveness of workplace training programme that aimed to enhance the work‐related behaviours in individuals with autism and intellectual disabilities.Fourteen participants with autism and mild to moderate intellectual disability (mean age = 24.6 years) were recruited. The workplace training programme included practices in work context and group educational sessions. A pre‐test–post‐test design was used with the Work Personality Profile, the Scale of Independent Behaviour Revised and the Observational Emotional Inventory Revised to evaluate the targeted behaviours.Improvement in social and communication skills specific to the workplace was achieved. For emotional control, participants became less confused and had a better self‐concept. However, improvement in other general emotional behaviours, such as impulse control, was limited.The results indicated that a structured workplace training programme aimed at improving social, communication and emotional behaviours can be helpful for people with autism and intellectual disability.Further study with a larger sample size and a control group is recommended. The development of specific programme to cater for the emotional control needs at workplace for people with autism is also suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.