bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Social Neuroscience Perspective on Stress and Health
Authors: Muscatell Keely A. , Eisenberger Naomi I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPsychological stress is a major risk factor for the development and progression of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, and major depression. A growing body of research suggests that long term, stress‐induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis may lead to increases in inflammation, which is known to play a key role in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Furthermore, the burgeoning fields of social neuroscience and health neuroscience have begun to identify the neurocognitive mechanisms by which stress may lead to these physiological changes. Here we review the literature examining the neurocognitive correlates of stress‐induced SNS, HPA, and inflammatory responses. Specifically, we summarize the results of neuroimaging studies that have examined the neural correlates of stress‐related increases in SNS, HPA, and inflammatory activity. A set of neural systems involved in threat processing, safety processing, and social cognition are suggested as key contributors to stress‐related changes in physiology. We conclude by offering suggestions for future research in the exciting new field of health neuroscience.
Patterns of molecular evolution in dioecious and non‐dioecious Silene
Authors: Käfer J. , Talianová M. , Bigot T. , Michu E. , Guéguen L. , Widmer A. , žlůvová J. , Glémin S. , Marais G. A. B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDioecy (i.e. having separate sexes) is a rather rare breeding system in flowering plants. Such rareness may result from a high probability of extinction in dioecious species because of less efficient dispersal and the costs of sexual selection, which are expected to harm dioecious species' survival on the long term. These handicaps should decrease the effective population size () of dioecious species, which in turn should reduce the efficacy of selection. Moreover, sexual selection in dioecious species is expected to specifically affect some genes, which will evolve under positive selection. The relative contribution of these effects is currently unknown and we tried to disentangle them by comparing sequence evolution between dioecious and non‐dioecious species in the Silene genus (Caryophyllaceae), where dioecy has evolved at least twice. For the dioecious species in the section Melandrium, where dioecy is the oldest, we found a global reduction of purifying selection, while on some, male‐biased genes, positive selection was found. For section Otites, where dioecy evolved more recently, we found no significant differences between dioecious and non‐dioecious species. Our results are consistent with the view that dioecy is an evolutionary dead end in flowering plants, although other scenarios for explaining reduced cannot be ruled out. Our results also show that contrasting forces act on the genomes of dioecious plants, and suggest that some time is required before the genome of such plants bears the footprints of dioecy.
Profiling two indole‐2‐carboxamides for allosteric modulation of the CB1 receptor
Authors: Ahn Kwang H. , Mahmoud Mariam M. , Samala Sushma , Lu Dai , Kendall Debra A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAllosteric modulation of G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represents a novel approach for fine‐tuning GPCR functions. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor, a GPCR associated with the CNS, has been implicated in the treatment of drug addiction, pain, and appetite disorders. We report here the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of two indole‐2‐carboxamides:5‐chloro‐3‐ethyl‐1‐methyl‐N‐(4‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)phenethyl)‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxamide (ICAM‐a) and 5‐chloro‐3‐pentyl‐N‐(4‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)phenethyl)‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxamide (ICAM‐b). Although both ICAM‐a and ICAM‐b enhanced CP55, 940 binding, ICAM‐b exhibited the strongest positive cooperativity thus far demonstrated for enhancing agonist binding to the CB1 receptor. Although it displayed negative modulatory effects on G‐protein coupling to CB1, ICAM‐b induced β‐arrestin‐mediated downstream activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. These results indicate that this compound represents a novel class of CB1 ligands that produce biased signaling via CB1.
Hospitalisations for sickle‐cell disease in an Australian paediatric population
Authors: Teoh Yvonne , Greenway Anthea , Savoia Helen , Monagle Paul , Roy John , Barnes Chris 
Published: December 2012

AimSickle‐cell disease (SCD) is more prevalent in Australia due to increased migration; however, the Australian paediatric SCD population has not been previously described. This study aimed to identify the demographic features of and quantify the hospital resource utilisation in the SCD population at The Royal Children's Hospital in Victoria.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of SCD patients who presented to the Royal Children's Hospital over a 10.5‐year period. Descriptive analyses were conducted.ResultsThirty‐seven SCD patients aged from 0.2 to 18.0 years (mean: 8.5 ± 4.8 years) had 535 admissions over the 10.5‐year period. The population was made up of 28 homozygous sickle‐cell disease, 1 sickle C disease and 8 sickle‐cell beta patients from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Admissions included 264 unplanned admissions, that is 258 admissions via the emergency department and 6 admissions via outpatients, and 271 planned admissions. Mean length of stay for unplanned admissions was 3.2 ± 2.6 days. Common diagnoses for unplanned admissions were 187 vaso‐occlusive crisis (70.8%), 32 infections (12.1%) and 26 anaemic episodes (9.8%). Transfusion therapy (91.9%) accounted for the majority of planned admissions.ConclusionsChildren with sickle‐cell disease in an Australian setting require hospitalisation for various reasons related to disease, either unexpected complications or elective procedures. Factors affecting the provision of optimal healthcare to be explored include the multicultural demographics of the SCD population, the timely management of vaso‐occlusive crises and the availability of SCD‐related protocols.
Perinatal factors in non‐disabled ELBW school children and later performance
Authors: Zanudin Asfarina , Gray Peter H , Burns Yvonne , Danks Marcella , Watter Pauline , Poulsen Leith 
Published: December 2012

AimTo determine the association between perinatal events and subsequent motor performance, cardiorespiratory endurance and respiratory function in non‐disabled extremely low birthweight (ELBW) school children at 12 years of age.MethodsForty‐eight ELBW infants were included in this study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), VO2max score as a measure of cardiorespiratory endurance and respiratory function testing were performed and perinatal variables were extracted from the children's hospital files. Children with MABC score ≤ 15th centile were described as having suspect motor performance. Children were classified as being unfit with a VO2max > 1 standard deviation below the mean according to gender and age. Perinatal risk factors were explored as risk factors for motor outcome, cardiorespiratory endurance and respiratory function.ResultsMABC category was significantly related with gender (P = 0.005) and chronic neonatal lung disease (P = 0.013). Multiple regression analysis showed motor outcome at 12 years to be independently related to male gender (P = 0.03) and chronic neonatal lung disease (P = 0.045). Sixty‐five per cent of all the children were identified as unfit. Chronic neonatal lung disease was significantly related to cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.03) and predicted VO2max at 12 years (P = 0.05). No perinatal factors were significantly related to respiratory function variables.ConclusionMale gender and chronic neonatal lung disease were associated with later motor outcome of ELBW school children. It is suggested that objective and consistent follow‐up from childhood through preadolescence are important to address motor and fitness issues especially for male children born with ELBW.
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: Has anything changed?
Authors: Taylor Nicole D , Cass Daniel T , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: December 2012

AimThe study aims to review the contemporary presentation, diagnosis and treatment of children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) at an Australian paediatric tertiary centre.MethodsA retrospective case review of patients with IHPS presenting to our institution between January 2004 and December 2010 was performed. Results were compared with a previous study evaluating two earlier 6‐year series of patients treated between January 1984 and November 1995.ResultsOf 362 infants presenting over the current 7‐year review, 84.8% were male. Mean age of admission fell from 5.9 weeks in the previous study to 5.4 weeks. An ‘olive’ was palpated on examination in 48%, visible peristalsis seen in 25% and 16% of patients presented with haematemesis. Diagnosis solely on clinical examination fell from 74% to 9% and was associated with a corresponding increase in use of ultrasound from 16% to 91%. The frequency of serum chloride values less than 85 mmol/L declined from 26% to 9%. A variety of open and minimally invasive surgical approaches were used with similar outcomes, although laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was associated with significantly higher rates of wound infection (χ2 = 4.6, P = 0.03). The frequency of major complications remained low at 1%.ConclusionContemporary patients with IHPS typically present earlier with a reduction in the incidence of metabolic derangement. Diagnosis based on clinical examination alone appears uncommon, with the majority of suspected cases confirmed by ultrasound. There was no clear difference in overall outcome based on the surgical approach used, although minor variations may reflect our institution's initial experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.
Nematode diversity in different microhabitats in a mangrove region
Authors: Pinto Taciana K. , Austen Melanie C. V. , Warwick Richard M. , Somerfield Paul J. , Esteves André M. , Castro Francisco J. V. , Fonseca‐Genevois Verônica G. , Santos Paulo J. P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMangroves are highly productive environments that play important ecological and socioeconomic roles; however, they have been impacted to different degrees in most countries worldwide. The knowledge of which organisms inhabit this environment and their ecological interactions is the first step towards its conservation. The natural variability of environmental factors in mangroves provides numerous niches available to different species. Meiofauna have patchy patterns of distribution that are related to the availability of resources. Hence, meiofauna are expected to present a high diversity of different taxa occupying the different microhabitats offered by mangroves. This work aims to test the hypothesis that the assemblage structure of Nematoda varies significantly among mangrove microhabitats and to contribute knowledge on the meiofauna diversity in mangrove environments. This work was carried out in a mangrove region at Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil. Qualitative samples were collected in nine microhabitats which show different characteristics mainly in terms of presence of vegetation or another organism and sediment grain size. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to Nematoda genera abundance data. Our results demonstrate the existence of significant differences among microhabitats regarding nematode assemblage structure corroborating the hypothesis. Different Nematoda assemblages are present in at least seven microhabitats. These assemblages are composed of nematode genera with different trophic and morphological features, demonstrating a strong relationship between morphological diversity and ecological plasticity. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the importance of the conservation of this ecosystem and its attributes.
High diversity and widespread occurrence of mitotic spore mats in ectomycorrhizal Pezizales
Authors: Healy R. A. , Smith M. E. , Bonito G. M. , Pfister D. H. , Ge Z. ‐W. , Guevara G. G. , Williams G. , Stafford K. , Kumar L. , Lee T. , Hobart C. , Trappe J. , Vilgalys R. , McLaughlin D. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFungal mitospores may function as dispersal units and/ or spermatia and thus play a role in distribution and/or mating of species that produce them. Mitospore production in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Pezizales is rarely reported, but here we document mitospore production by a high diversity of EcM Pezizales on three continents, in both hemispheres. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU) nuclear rDNA from 292 spore mats (visible mitospore clumps) collected in Argentina, Chile, China, Mexico and the USA between 2009 and 2012. We collated spore mat ITS sequences with 105 fruit body and 47 EcM root sequences to generate operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Phylogenetic inferences were made through analyses of both molecular data sets. A total of 48 OTUs from spore mats represented six independent EcM Pezizales lineages and included truffles and cup fungi. Three clades of seven OTUs have no known meiospore stage. Mitospores failed to germinate on sterile media, or form ectomycorrhizas on Quercus, Pinus and Populus seedlings, consistent with a hypothesized role of spermatia. The broad geographic range, high frequency and phylogenetic diversity of spore mats produced by EcM Pezizales suggests that a mitospore stage is important for many species in this group in terms of mating, reproduction and/or dispersal.
Increasing Perceived Variability Reduces Prejudice and Discrimination: Theory and Application
Authors: Er‐rafiy Abdelatif , Brauer Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, we describe theoretically‐based research on a new method to reduce prejudice and discrimination. The method is based on increasing people’s perceived variability of an out‐group. Our research allowed us to generate a versatile experimental paradigm for investigating cognitive processes related to prejudice. It also led to the development of an effective tool that policy makers and managers can use to reduce prejudice in the real world. We describe several randomized field and laboratory experiments in which an increase of perceived variability led to a decrease in prejudice and discrimination. We also describe the results of research in which we tested the effectiveness of a ready‐to‐be‐used intervention in a variety of social settings.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Copiotrophic Marine Bacterium Alteromonas macleodii Strain ATCC 27126
T
Authors: Gonzaga Aitor , López-Pérez Mario , Martin-Cuadrado Ana-Belen , Ghai Rohit , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Alteromonas macleodii
strain ATCC 27126
T
has been resequenced and closed into a single contig. We describe here the genome of this important and globally distributed marine bacterium.
Genome Sequence of Gallaecimonas xiamenensis Type Strain 3-C-1
Authors: Lai Qiliang , Wang Liping , Wang Wanpeng , Shao Zongze 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Gallaecimonas xiamenensis
3-C-1
T
was isolated from a crude-oil-degrading consortium enriched from the surface seawater around Xiamen Island. Here, we present the draft genome of strain 3-C-1
T
, which contains 4,062,282 bp with a G+C content of 60.58% and contains 3,798 protein-coding genes and 65 tRNAs.
Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from a Patient before and after Treatment with Tigecycline
Authors: Hua Xiaoting , Zhou Hua , Jiang Yan , Feng Ye , Chen Qiong , Ruan Zhi , Yu Yunsong 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a Gram-negative bacterium which emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen worldwide. To investigate the molecular basis of the tigecycline-resistant mechanism, we determined the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant
A. baumannii
strains isolated from a patient before and after treatment with tigecycline.
Genome Sequence of the Agar-Degrading Marine Bacterium Alteromonadaceae sp. Strain G7
Authors: Kwak Min-Jung , Song Ju Yeon , Kim Byung Kwon , Chi Won-Jae , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Choi Soobeom , Chang Yong-Keun , Hong Soon-Kwang , Kim Jihyun F. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the high-quality draft genome sequence of the agar-degrading marine gammaproteobacterium
Alteromonadaceae
sp. strain G7, which was isolated from coastal seawater to be utilized as a bioresource for production of agar-derived biofuels. The 3.91-Mb genome contains a number of genes encoding algal polysaccharide-degrading enzymes such as agarases and sulfatases.
Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain Os34, Isolated from Rice Roots
Authors: Ye Weijun , Ye Shuting , Liu Jian , Chang Siping , Chen Mingyue , Zhu Bo , Guo Longbiao , An Qianli 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Most
Herbaspirillum seropedicae
strains are beneficial endophytes to plants. In contrast,
H. seropedicae
strain Os34, isolated from rice roots, is pathogenic. The draft genome sequence of strain Os34 presented here allows in-depth comparative genome analyses to understand the specific mechanisms of beneficial and pathogenic
Herbaspirillum
-plant interactions.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Flocculating Zymomonas mobilis Strain ZM401 (ATCC 31822)
Authors: Zhao Ning , Bai Yun , Zhao Xin-Qing , Yang Zhen-Yu , Bai Feng-Wu 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Zymomonas mobilis
ZM401 is a flocculating strain which can be self-immobilized within fermentors for a high-cell-density culture to improve ethanol productivity, as well as high-gravity fermentation to increase ethanol titer, due to its improved ethanol tolerance associated with the morphological change. Here, we report its draft genome sequence.
The contact aureole of the South Mountain Batholith in Halifax, Nova Scotia: geology, mineral assemblages, and isograds
Authors: Jamieson R.A. , Hart G.G. , Chapman G.G. , Tobey N.W. 
Published: December 2012

The contact aureole at the eastern margin of the South Mountain Batholith (Halifax Pluton) underlies most of the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Halifax Group in the study area includes two lithological units, the Cunard and Bluestone formations. Before intrusion, both had been affected by greenschist facies regional metamorphism and deformed into northeast–southwest-trending, regional upright folds associated with a strong slaty cleavage. Contact metamorphic isograds trend obliquely across the Halifax peninsula, at a high angle to regional structural trends. At 2.5–3 km from the intrusive contact, sparse cordierite spots mark the outer limit of the contact aureole. The biotite-in isograd is marked by the development of biotite within chlorite + muscovite stacks inherited from regional metamorphism. Pyrrhotite is the dominant sulphide mineral throughout the contact aureole. With increasing metamorphic grade, assemblages in both units are marked by increasing modal abundance of cordierite and biotite, with K-feldspar variably developed within ca. 600 m of the contact. However, there is a marked difference in the distribution and appearance of andalusite between the two units. In aluminous pelites of the Cunard formation, idioblastic chiastolite appears before biotite more than 1500 m from the contact. In the less aluminous Bluestone formation, andalusite is present only within ca. 500 m of the contact, where it forms xenoblastic, spongy crystals. In both units, the assemblage andalusite + biotite + K-feldspar ± cordierite is developed near the contact, with local fibrolite and evidence of incipient partial melting. Petrographic constraints suggest pressure–temperature conditions at the contact of ca. 2.5–3.0 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) at ca. 650 °C.
Pharmacist-Developed Sedation Protocol and Impact on Ventilator Days
Authors: Hahn Lindsay , Beall Jennifer , Turner R. Scott , Woolley Thomas W. , Hahn Martin 
Published: December 2012

Background: Up to one-third of intensive care unit (ICU) patients require mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is associated with numerous complications including ventilator-induced lung injury and gastrointestinal bleeding due to ulcerations.1 Sedation protocols are used in order to optimize treatment and decrease days spent on mechanical ventilation. Objective: The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of an ICU sedation protocol. The primary end point was days on mechanical ventilation. Design: A retrospective chart review was performed. The medical records of 21 patients treated prior to the protocol and 21 patients treated after protocol implementation were reviewed. Results: The duration of mechanical ventilation was decreased in the postprotocol patients compared to the preprotocol patients. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation in the preprotocol group was 6.39 ± 5.24 versus the postprotocol group which was 3.78 ± 3.21 days. After implementing the sedation protocol, the number of days to extubation was decreased by 2.61 days. Conclusion: The use of sedation protocols can decrease the days spent on mechanical ventilation. The results also illustrate the enormous impact pharmacists have on policy and protocol development.
Quorum-sensing regulates biofilm formation in Vibrio scophthalmi
Authors: García-Aljaro Cristina , Melado-Rovira Silvia , Milton Debra L , Blanch Anicet R 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous study, we demonstrated thatVibrio scophthalmi, the most abundantVibriospecies among the marine aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the intestinal tract of healthy cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), contains at least two quorum-sensing circuits involving two types of signal molecules (a 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone and the universal autoinducer 2 encoded byluxS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions regulated by these quorum sensing circuits in this vibrio by constructing mutants for the genes involved in these circuits.ResultsThe presence of a homologue to theVibrio harveyi luxRgene encoding a main transcriptional regulator, whose expression is modulated by quorum–sensing signal molecules in other vibrios, was detected and sequenced. TheV. scophthalmiLuxR protein displayed a maximum amino acid identity of 82% with SmcR, the LuxR homologue found inVibrio vulnificus.luxRandluxSnull mutants were constructed and their phenotype analysed. Both mutants displayed reduced biofilm formationin vitroas well as differences in membrane protein expression by mass-spectrometry analysis. Additionally, a recombinant strain ofV. scophthalmicarrying the lactonase AiiA fromBacillus cereus, which causes hydrolysis of acyl homoserine lactones, was included in the study.ConclusionsV. scophthalmishares two quorum sensing circuits, including the main transcriptional regulatorluxR, with some pathogenic vibrios such asV. harveyiandV. anguillarum. However, contrary to these pathogenic vibrios no virulence factors (such as protease production) were found to be quorum sensing regulated in this bacterium. Noteworthy, biofilm formation was altered inluxSandluxRmutants. In these mutants a different expression profile of membrane proteins were observed with respect to the wild type strain suggesting that quorum sensing could play a role in the regulation of the adhesion mechanisms of this bacterium.