bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Creditors Prefer Smooth Earnings? Evidence from European Private Firms
Authors: Gassen Joachim , Fülbier Rolf Uwe 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
We investigate the interplay between creditor financing and the smoothness of earnings reported by European private firms, and document how heterogeneous debt-contracting infrastructures across Europe moderate this relation. We expect the smoothness of earnings to be positively related to the relative importance of credit providers in our setting. More importantly, we predict this relation to be more pronounced in regimes with higher bankruptcy and contract enforcement costs. Finally, we hypothesize that earnings smoothness is negatively related to the cost of debt of our sample firms. Our large-sample empirical evidence confirms our expectations. While the cross-sectional nature of our setting limits our potential to address endogeneity concerns and, thus, caution is required when interpreting our findings in a causal way, they are consistent with the accounting of European private firms being shaped by creditor incentives and with this link being moderated by the country-level efficiency of the debt-contracting infrastructure.
JEL Classifications: M41; G14; F42.
Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
Calorie Restriction and Matched Weight Loss From Exercise: Independent and Additive Effects on Glucoregulation and the Incretin System in Overweight Women and Men
Authors: Weiss Edward P. , Albert Stewart G. , Reeds Dominic N. , Kress Kathleen S. , Ezekiel Uthayashanker R. , McDaniel Jennifer L. , Patterson Bruce W. , Klein Samuel , Villareal Dennis T. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
It is not known whether calorie restriction (CR) has additive benefits to those from exercise (EX)-induced weight loss. We hypothesized that weight loss from CR and EX (CREX) improves insulin sensitivity more than matched weight loss induced by EX or CR alone and that the incretin system may be involved in adaptations to CR.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sedentary, overweight men and women (n = 52, 45–65 years of age) were randomized to undergo 6–8% weight loss by using CR, EX, or CREX. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, and incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) were measured during frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests (FSOGTTs). Incretin effects on insulin secretion were measured by comparing insulin secretion rates from the FSOGTTs to those from a glycemia-matched glucose infusion.

RESULTS
Despite similar weight losses in all groups, insulin sensitivity index values increased twofold more in the CREX group (2.09 ± 0.35 μM/kg/pM × 100) than in the CR (0.89 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM × 100) and EX (1.04 ± 0.39 μM/kg/pM × 100) groups. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations decreased only in the CR group (P = 0.04); GIP concentrations decreased in all groups. Incretin effects on insulin secretion were unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS
CR and EX have additive beneficial effects on glucoregulation. Furthermore, the adaptations to CR may involve reductions in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of promoting both CR and EX for optimal health. However, because data from participants who withdrew from the study and from those who did not adhere to the intervention were excluded, the results may be limited to individuals who are capable of adhering to a healthy lifestyle intervention.
Distribution of the Most Common Genetic Variants Associated with a Variable Drug Response in the Population of the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Nestorovska Kapedanovska A. , Jakovski K. , Naumovska Z. , Bajro Hiljadnikova M. , Sterjev Z. , Eftimov A. , Geskovska Matevska N. , Suturkova L. , Dimitrovski K. , Labacevski N. , Dimovski A. J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Genetic variation in the regulation, expression and activity of genes coding for Phase I, Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug targets, can be defining factors for the variability in both the effectiveness and occurrence of drug therapy side effects. Information regarding the geographic structure and multi-ethnic distribution of clinically relevant genetic variations is becoming increasingly useful for improving drug therapy and explaining inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in drug response.
This study summarizes our current knowledge about the frequency distribution of the most common allelic variants in three broad gene categories: the Phase I oxidation-cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, CYP2D6); the Phase II conjugation (GSTT1, SULT1A1; UGT1A1) and drug target (TYMS-TSER, MTHFR and VKORC1) in the population of the Republic of Macedonia and compares the information obtained with data published for other indigenous European populations. Our findings define the population of the Republic of Macedonia as an ethnic group with a highly polymorphic genetic profile. These results add to the evidence regarding the distribution of clinically important variant alleles in DME and drug target genes in populations of European ancestry.
Genome-Wide Methylation Profiling of Schizophrenia
Authors: Rukova B. , Staneva R. , Hadjidekova S. , Stamenov G. , Milanova V. , Toncheva D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the major psychiatric disorders. It is a disorder of complex inheritance, involving both heritable and environmental factors. DNA methylation is an inheritable epigenetic modification that stably alters gene expression. We reasoned that genetic modifications that are a result of environmental stimuli could also make a contribution.
We have performed 26 high-resolution genomewide methylation array analyses to determine the methylation status of 27,627 CpG islands and compared the data between patients and healthy controls. Methylation profiles of DNAs were analyzed in six pools: 220 schizophrenia patients; 220 age-matched healthy controls; 110 female schizophrenia patients; 110 age-matched healthy females; 110 male schizophrenia patients; 110 age-matched healthy males. We also investigated the methylation status of 20 individual patient DNA samples (eight females and 12 males. We found significant differences in the methylation profile between schizophrenia and control DNA pools.
We found new candidate genes that principally participate in apoptosis, synaptic transmission and nervous system development (GABRA2, LIN7B, CASP3). Methylation profiles differed between the genders. In females, the most important genes participate in apoptosis and synaptic transmission (XIAP, GABRD, OXT, KRT7), whereas in the males, the implicated genes in the molecular pathology of the disease were DHX37, MAP2K2, FNDC4 and GIPC1. Data from the individual methylation analyses confirmed, the gender-specific pools results.
Our data revealed major differences in methylation profiles between schizophrenia patients and controls and between male and female patients. The dysregulated activity of the candidate genes could play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
Effects of Cyp2c19 and P2y12 Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical Results of Patients Using Clopidogrel After Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Sen H. M. , Silan F. , Degirmenci Y. , Kamaran Ozisik H. I. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The CY2C19 and P2Y12 gene polymorphisms are responsible for resistance to clopidogrel, known as drug unresponsiveness. In this study we researched the effect of gene polymorphism on clinical results of patients who began clopidogrel therapy after acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
The study included 51 patients. The patient group included patients who had begun prophylactic clopidogrel due to acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the last 2 years. All patients were monitored by the Neurology Outpatient Clinic at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversity Research Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey, and only those monitored for at least 1 year were included in the study.
When the *1, *2 and *3 alleles of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism were evaluated, two patients were homozygotes for *2/*2, 13 patients were heterozygous for *1/*2 and 36 patients were homozygotes for the wild type *1/*1. No patient had the *3 allele. Three heterozygous patients, one for *2/*2 and two for *1/*2, stopped clopidogrel therapy due to repeated strokes and began taking warfarin. When evaluating P2Y12 52 (G>T) and 34 (C>T) polymorphisms, all alleles were of the wild type.
The CYP2C19 and P2Y12 gene polymorphisms may cause recurring strokes linked to insufficient response to treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. In our patient group, three patients suffered repeated strokes and these patients had the CYP2C19*2 gene polymorphism. As a result, before medication use, genetic testing is important for human life, quality of life and economic burden.
The 3’ End Prothrombin Gene Variants in Serbian Patients with Idiopathic Thrombophilia
Authors: Aradjanski M. , Djordjevic V. , Pruner I. , Tomic B. , Gvozdenov M. , Kovac M. , Radojkovic D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Thrombophilia is a multifactorial disorder that arises from the interaction of acquired and genetic risk factors. Despite the significant efforts made to understand the etiology of this disease, there are still a certain number of patients suffering from idiopathic thrombophilia. The aim of this study was to screen the 3’ end of the prothrombin (FII) gene, which is susceptible to gain-of-function mutations due to its non canonical architecture, in patients with idiopathic thrombophilia and to determine its eventual role in the pathogenesis of thrombophilia.
This study was carried out in 100 patients with idiopathic thrombophilia and 100 healthy controls. DNA variants in the 715 bp long region of the 3’ end of the prothrombin gene were identified by sequencing. In our study, we detected two variants: A19911G and C20068T. The frequency of the A19911G gene variant was slightly increased in the group of patients compared to controls, however with no statistically significant difference compared to controls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.53-2.13]. Heterozygous carriers of the FII C20068T gene variant were four times more frequent in patients (4.0%) than in controls (1.0%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (OR = 4.12; 95% CI 0.45-37.57). Our findings suggest that variant A19911G is not a significant risk factor, while C20068T may represent a potential risk factor for idiopathic thrombophilia. To confirm our results, further studies should be conducted in a larger cohort of patients.
The First Occurrence of the Devonian Rugose Coral Calceola Sandalina (Linné, 1771) in the Barrandian Area, Czech Republic
Authors: Mergl Michal 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The calceolide coral Calceola sandalina (Linné, 1771) has been observed in the Acanthopyge Limestone (Choteč Formation, Eifelian) in the Koněprusy area, Czech Republic. Its presence in the Barrandian area indicates absence of significant palaeogeographic barriers restricting the distribution of this tetracoral in the Middle Devonian. Association of Calceola with a taxonomically diverse ribbed brachiopod faunas attests for two different types of environment on the Koněprusy submarine elevation during deposition of the Acanthopyge Limestone. Calceola-bearing beds represent a high-energy reefal environment different from somewhat deeper and calmer environment characterized by smooth-shelled, small to medium sized spire-bearing brachiopods.
Review of Selected Techniques and Measures Affecting the Reliability of Face Image Acquisition Systems / Przegląd Wybranych Technik I Środków Wpływających Na Niezawodność Działania Systemów Akwizycji Obrazu Twarzy
Authors: Wiśnios Michał , Dąbrowski Tadeusz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The theme of the publication is to review techniques and measures affecting the reliability of the process of image acquisition face. This issue is closely linked to the biometric identification based on facial image. The focus here in particular on factors external / environmental, not taking into account the quality of this same algorithms. Tests were carried out both on a database built on the model of the face as well as on the basis of the actual images. The object of the research being predestined is not only for stationary applications, but can also be used in mobile objects
Reducing Carbon Footprint Direction of the Development of Aviation Fuels / Redukcja Emisji Dwutlenku Węgla Kierunkiem Rozwoju Paliw Lotniczych
Authors: Białecki Tomasz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the development direction of jet fuel, designated by the reduction of carbon emissions in aviation. This subject is a result of the assumed by the International Civil Aviation Organization target of reduction in CO2 emissions of 50%. The paper presents also applicability of the secondgeneration biofuels in aviation and the profitability of the use of such fuel by airlines on a commercial scale
Clinical Decision-Making Tool for Safe and Effective Prescription of Exercise in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From an Interdisciplinary Delphi Survey and Focus Groups
Authors: Camp Pat G. , Reid W. Darlene , Chung Frank , Kirkham Ashley , Brooks Dina , Goodridge Donna , Marciniuk Darcy D. , Hoens Alison M. 
Published: April 2015

Background
Exercise is recommended for people with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), yet there is little information to guide safe and effective mobilization and exercise for these patients.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical decision-making tool to guide health care professionals in the assessment, prescription, monitoring, and progression of mobilization and therapeutic exercise for patients with AECOPD.

Design and Methods
A 3-round interdisciplinary Delphi panel identified and selected items based on a preselected consensus of 80%. These items were summarized in a paper-based tool titled Mobilization in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD-Mob). Focus groups and questionnaires were subsequently used to conduct a sensibility evaluation of the tool.

Results
Nine researchers, 13 clinicians, and 7 individuals with COPD identified and approved 110 parameters for safe and effective exercise in AECOPD. These parameters were grouped into 5 categories: (1) “What to Assess Prior to Mobilization,” (2) “When to Consider Not Mobilizing or to Discontinue Mobilization,” (3) “What to Monitor During Mobilization for Patient Safety,” (4) “How to Progress Mobilization to Enhance Effectiveness,” and (5) “What to Confirm Prior to Discharge.” The tool was evaluated in 4 focus groups of 18 health care professionals, 90% of whom reported the tool was easy to use, was concise, and would guide a health care professional who is new to the acute care setting and working with patients with AECOPD.

Limitations
The tool was developed based on published evidence and expert opinion, so the applicability of the items to patients in all settings cannot be guaranteed. The Delphi panel consisted of health care professionals from Canada, so items may not be generalizable to other jurisdictions.

Conclusions
The AECOPD-Mob provides practical and concise information on safe and effective exercise for the AECOPD population for use by the new graduate or novice acute care practitioner.
Raltegravir plus Two Nucleoside Analogues as Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients who Require Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Casado José L , Machuca Isabel , Bañón Sara , Moreno Ana , Moltó José , Rodriguez Miguel A 
Published: April 2015

Background There are few data on the best combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection who need cancer chemotherapy because of drug–drug interactions and increased risk of toxic effects. Methods We evaluated the safety, efficacy and interactions of a raltegravir (RAL)-based regimen in 30 HIV-infected patients who received antineoplastic agents. Results A total of 17 patients had a non-AIDS-defining malignancy (7 with Hodgkin disease) and 13 had an HIV-related cancer (9 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 Kaposi sarcoma and 2 anal cancer). Overall, they received 49 cycles of chemotherapy with 19 different antineoplastic drugs, including antimetabolites in 4 patients (5-FU, gemcitabine), alkylating agents in 10 cases (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide), vinca alkaloids in 17 patients (vincristine, vinblastine), anti-tumour antibiotics in 18 cases (doxorubicin), cisplatin or carboplatin in 6, and monoclonal antibodies in 13 patients (rituximab, trastuzumab, cetuximab). Six patients modified the doses of antineoplastic agents due to toxicity not related to raltegravir. During a median follow-up of 67.8 patient-years (median 170 days in concomitant therapy) there was only 1 case of virological failure and no patient discontinued RAL. Geometric mean trough levels of RAL were 143 ng/ml (79–455). There were no opportunistic infections, median CD4+ T-cell count increased by 49 cells/ml and four (13%) patients died during the study (not related to AIDS progression). Conclusions Our results show that a RAL-based regimen is safe and effective in patients requiring chemotherapy, irrespective of type and of duration of chemotherapy.
Décision prénatale de prise en charge palliative
Authors: Moriette Guy 
Published: April 2015

Pour certains nouveau-nés, décider avant la naissance d’une prise en charge palliative au nom du refus de l’obstination déraisonnable s’inscrit pleinement dans l’approche de la fin de vie introduite en 2005 par la loi Leonetti. Cependant, les conséquences d’une telle décision ne seront pas les mêmes selon la situation considérée – naissance aux limites de la viabilité ou fœtus présentant des malformations ou des anomalies génétiques « d’une particulière gravité ».
Le rapport à l’école des familles déclarant une origine immigrée : enquête dans quatre lycées de la banlieue populaire
Authors: Ichou Mathieu , Oberti Marco 
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose une analyse empirique du rapport à l’école des familles immigrées résidant dans des communes populaires de la périphérie parisienne. Les résultats se fondent sur l’analyse multivariée d’une enquête par questionnaires (N = 1 191) ainsi que sur l’exploitation d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès des parents des élèves de quatre lycées du département de Seine-Saint-Denis. Nous montrons que l’origine migratoire fait des différences dans le rapport à l’école. C’est en particulier le cas pour la plus forte entraide éducative locale et les plus hautes aspirations scolaires des parents immigrés par rapport aux parents natifs de mêmes milieux sociaux résidant dans les mêmes quartiers. Parmi les familles immigrées, ce sont les parents originaires de Turquie et d’Asie pour qui le rapport à l’école diffère le plus de celui des parents natifs. Les premières ont davantage recours à l’entraide éducative de proximité, alors que les secondes sont caractérisées par des aspirations scolaires nettement plus élevées. Ces résultats militent pour une analyse plus systématique des caractéristiques et des expériences des migrants dans le pays d’origine pour éclairer leurs trajectoires et attitudes dans le pays d’immigration.
Comprendre le travail de soins à l’hôpital
Authors: Seferdjeli Laurence , Terraneo Fabienne 
Published: April 2015

Dans un contexte où les institutions sanitaires ont une obligation de transparence tant vis-à-vis des autorités que de leurs patients, le management de la qualité et l’introduction de « bonnes pratiques » définies selon des standards scientifiques sont devenus une préoccupation majeure pour la gestion interne des établissements. Or, si les protocoles et prescriptions sont indispensables à l’orientation du travail, ils ne s’appliquent pas tout seuls. Ces divers documents, du fait qu’ils présentent des descriptions standardisées et stabilisées du travail, contribuent à masquer ce que tout travailleur met effectivement en œuvre pour accomplir sa tâche dans des situations instables, variables, dans lesquelles il faut faire tenir ensemble une diversité d’éléments parfois contradictoires. C’est ce que nous enseigne le courant d’ergonomie de langue française sur lequel nous nous appuyons, qui prend au sérieux l’écart irréductible entre le « travail prescrit » et le « travail réel ». La compréhension du travail issue de la recherche s’en trouve ainsi mieux ajustée aux réalités professionnelles et devient une ressource pour la formation de futures professionnelles. Par le biais de trois études menées en analyse du travail par notre équipe en milieu hospitalier, nous approfondirons ces notions et leurs implications pour la pratique et la formation.
Anatomical study of anterior supramalleolar artery and its potential application to design a bi-foliate fasciocutaneous flap
Authors: He Ji-Yin , Chen Shih-Heng , Kumar Kannan Karuppiah , Fan Zhi-Hong , Lao Jie , Tien Huey 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Purpose: A further understanding of the anterior supramalleolar artery (ASMA) and its potential applications in reconstructive surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 fresh lower limbs from fresh cadavers were injected with red latex for dissection. The type of origin, course, diameter of the pedicle, and the distance between the origin of the ASMA from the anterior tibial artery to the extensor retinaculum (O-R) were recorded. Bi-foliate fasciocutaneous flaps were harvested using the branches of the ASMA. Results: We found four types of origin of the ASMA, and we have accordingly classified them into four types. 10 of them were type A, 7 were type B, 6 were type C and 1 was type D. The mean O-R (origin of ASMA to retinaculum) distance was 2.0 ± 0.8 cm. The diameter of the medial branch (D1), the diameter of the lateral branch (D2), and the diameter of artery stem (D3) (only in type A) were 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, 0.8 ± 0.3 mm, 1.1 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The mean pedicle length of the lateral flap (L1) and medial flap (L2) were 5.1 ± 1.0 cm and 3.7 ± 0.6 cm, respectively. Conclusions: The ASMA exists constantly with four different types of origin. Its sizable diameter and lengthy pedicle make it suitable for bi-foliate fasciocutaneous flap transfer.