bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coadministration of indomethacin and minocycline attenuates established paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia: Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors
Authors: Parvathy Subramanian S. , Masocha Willias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTaxanes such as paclitaxel, which are chemotherapeutic drugs, cause dose-dependent painful neuropathy in some patients. We investigated whether coadministration of minocycline and indomethacin produces antinociceptive effects in mice with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and if the cannabinoid system is involved. Previously, we reported that coadministration of these two drugs results in antinociception against inflammatory pain at doses where either drug alone lack significant activity. In the current study, we observed that treatment of female mice with indomethacin or minocycline alone did not affect established paclitaxel-induced thermal hyperalgesia, whereas coadministration of the two drugs attenuated it. In male mice indomethacin had some antihyperalgesic activity, whilst minocycline did not. Coadministration of the two drugs had supraadditive antihyperalgesic activity in male mice. Administration of a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 blocked the antihyperalgesic effects of the combination of minocycline and indomethacin in both male and female mice. In conclusion our results indicate that coadministration of minocycline and indomethacin abrogates established paclitaxel-induced neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia in mice and the potentiation of the antinociceptive effects of this combination involves the cannabinoid system.
Soil type recognition as improved by genetic algorithm-based variable selection using near infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis
Authors: Xie Hongtu , Zhao Jinsong , Wang Qiubing , Sui Yueyu , Wang Jingkuan , Yang Xueming , Zhang Xudong , Liang Chao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSoil types have traditionally been determined by soil physical and chemical properties, diagnostic horizons and pedogenic processes based on a given classification system. This is a laborious and time consuming process. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can comprehensively characterize soil properties and may provide a viable alternative method for soil type recognition. Here, we presented a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) method based on the NIR spectra for the accurate recognition of the types of 230 soil samples collected from farmland topsoils (0–10 cm), representing 5 different soil classes (Albic Luvisols, Haplic Luvisols, Chernozems, Eutric Cambisols and Phaeozems) in northeast China. We found that the PLSDA had an internal validation accuracy of 89% and external validation accuracy of 83% on average, while variable selection with the genetic algorithm (GA and GA-PLSDA) improved this to 92% and 93%. Our results indicate that the GA variable selection technique can significantly improve the accuracy rate of soil type recognition using NIR spectroscopy, suggesting that the proposed methodology is a promising alternative for recognizing soil types using NIR spectroscopy.
Failure dynamics of the global risk network
Authors: Szymanski Boleslaw K. , Lin Xin , Asztalos Andrea , Sreenivasan Sameet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRisks threatening modern societies form an intricately interconnected network that often underlies crisis situations. Yet, little is known about how risk materializations in distinct domains influence each other. Here we present an approach in which expert assessments of likelihoods and influence of risks underlie a quantitative model of the global risk network dynamics. The modeled risks range from environmental to economic and technological and include difficult to quantify risks, such as geo-political and social. Using the maximum likelihood estimation, we find the optimal model parameters and demonstrate that the model including network effects significantly outperforms the others, uncovering full value of the expert collected data. We analyze the model dynamics and study its resilience and stability. Our findings include such risk properties as contagion potential, persistence, roles in cascades of failures and the identity of risks most detrimental to system stability. The model provides quantitative means for measuring the adverse effects of risk interdependencies and the materialization of risks in the network.
Puberty timing associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and also diverse health outcomes in men and women: the UK Biobank study
Authors: Day Felix R , Elks Cathy E , Murray Anna , Ong Ken K , Perry John R.B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEarly puberty timing is associated with higher risks for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease in women and therefore represents a potential target for early preventive interventions. We characterised the range of diseases and other adverse health outcomes associated with early or late puberty timing in men and women in the very large UK Biobank study. Recalled puberty timing and past/current diseases were self-reported by questionnaire. We limited analyses to individuals of White ethnicity (250,037 women; 197,714 men) and to disease outcomes with at least 500 cases (~0·2% prevalence) and we applied stringent correction for multiple testing (corrected threshold P < 7.48 × 10–5). In models adjusted for socioeconomic position and adiposity/body composition variables, both in women and men separately, earlier puberty timing was associated with higher risks for angina, hypertension and T2D. Furthermore, compared to the median/average group, earlier or later puberty timing in women or men was associated with higher risks for 48 adverse outcomes, across a range of cancers, cardio-metabolic, gynaecological/obstetric, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and neuro-cognitive categories. Notably, both early and late menarche were associated with higher risks for early natural menopause in women. Puberty timing in both men and women appears to have a profound impact on later health.
A hybrid computational model to predict chemotactic guidance of growth cones
Authors: Roccasalvo Iolanda Morana , Micera Silvestro , Sergi Pier Nicola 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe overall strategy used by growing axons to find their correct paths during the nervous system development is not yet completely understood. Indeed, some emergent and counterintuitive phenomena were recently described during axon pathfinding in presence of chemical gradients. Here, a novel computational model is presented together with its ability to reproduce both regular and counterintuitive axonal behaviours. In this model, the key role of intracellular calcium was phenomenologically modelled through a non standard Gierer-Meinhardt system, as a crucial factor influencing the growth cone behaviour both in regular and complex conditions. This model was able to explicitly reproduce neuritic paths accounting for the complex interplay between extracellular and intracellular environments, through the sensing capability of the growth cone. The reliability of this approach was proven by using quantitative metrics, numerically supporting the similarity between in silico and biological results in regular conditions (control and attraction). Finally, the model was able to qualitatively predict emergent and counterintuitive phenomena resulting from complex boundary conditions.
A novel role of ethephon in controlling the noxious weed Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet
Authors: Sun Zhong-Yu , Zhang Tai-Jie , Su Jin-Quan , Soon Chow Wah , Liu Jia-Qin , Chen Li-Ling , Li Wei-Hua , Peng Shao-Lin , Peng Chang-Lian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeveral auxin herbicides, such as 2, 4-D and dicamba, have been used to eradicate an exotic invasive weed Ipomoea cairica in subtropical China, but restraining the re-explosion of this weed is still a challenge. Since ethylene is one of the major intermediate functioning products during the eradication process, we explored the possibility, mechanism and efficiency of using ethephon which can release ethylene to control Ipomoea cairica. The results of the pot experiment showed that 7.2 g /L ethephon could totally kill Ipomoea cairica including the stems and roots. The water culture experiment indicated that ethephon released an abundance of ethylene directly in leaves and caused increases in electrolyte leakage, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 and decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, finally leading to the death of Ipomoea cairica. The field experiment showed that the theoretical effective concentration of ethephon for controlling Ipomoea cairica (weed control efficacy, WCE = 98%) was 4.06 g/L and the half inhibitory concentration (I50) was 0.56 g/L. More than 50% of the accompanying species were insensitive to the phytotoxicity of ethephon. Therefore, ethephon is an excellent alternative herbicide for controlling Ipomoea cairica.
SIM.T-K9.1: Canada/Peru bilateral comparison of standard platinum resistance thermometers from 0.01 °C to 419.527 °C
Authors: Hill K D , Barrientos A , Guillen E 
Published: June 2015

The Consultative Committee for Thermometry has organized Key Comparison 9 (CCT-K9) as an updated replacement for CCT-K3. A comparison of the fixed-point temperature standards of Peru with those of Canada was carried out following a protocol that closely resembles CCT-K9. The comparison was limited to the fixed points of tin and zinc, with NRC the pilot laboratory and the eventual link to CCT-K9 (currently, CCT-K9 remains a work in progress). The comparison protocol required INDECOPI to select, characterize, and transport (i.e. hand carry) the SPRTs to NRC. Following the measurements at NRC, the SPRTs were returned and re-measured at INDECOPI to close the loop and assess any changes that occurred in the SPRTs over the course of the measurements. The following degrees of equivalence, D, and expanded uncertainties, U (k = 2), were obtained via this comparison.

T / °C

D
INDECOPI / mK

U / mK

419.527

1.58

4.6

231.928

-2.12

3.9

SIM.T-K9.1 has demonstrated the compatibility of the fixed points of INDECOPI with those maintained by NRC within the combined uncertainties, and therefore serves to verify the intended calibration and measurement capabilities envisioned for INDECOPI, Peru. The results can be linked to NMIs globally following CCT-K9, with NRC as the linking participant.

Main text.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Allo-Semitism and the Performative Uncanny
Authors: Watt Stephen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines widely seen Jewish characters on the later nineteenth-century American stage: Leah in Augustin Daly’s Leah, the Forsaken, Shylock in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, and Svengali in theatrical adaptations of George Du Maurier’s novel Trilby. It concludes with a discussion of Irish-American star actor James O’Neill’s portrayal of the Count of Monte Cristo, juxtaposing this role with those of Irish historical heroes that rose in popularity as theatrical subjects as the century came to a close. Readings of these plays underscore their ambivalent, even fearful qualities, all of which are inherent to the paradoxes and contradictions defined by the term “allo-Semitism.” So, in the case of Leah, while widely regarded as an exemplar of the long-suffering heroine—and someone who bravely endured anti-Semitic prejudice—her role is nonetheless haunted by prior associations of Jewishness with erotic attraction, emotional excess, and even vampiric power.
The Concept of the Employer
Authors: Prassl Jeremias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis work develops a functional concept of the employer in the hope of overcoming the theoretical and practical problems arising from the ascription of responsibility in fragmented employment settings. A first part analyses two conflicting strands in the received concept of the employer, simultaneously identified as a single party to a bilateral contract and defined through the exercise of a range of employer functions. As a result of this tension, full employment law coverage is restricted to a narrow paradigm scenario where a single legal entity exercises all employer functions, and fails to grapple with the rise of complex work arrangements, from temporary agency work to corporate groups and Private Equity investors. The second part illustrates the practical implications of these developments: regulatory obligations are placed on inappropriate entities, and workers may find themselves without recourse to employment law protection. A subsequent chapter compares this situation with German law, where a sophisticated apparatus has been developed to regulate employment in corporate groups. The final part reconceptualizes the employer, defining it as the entity, or combination of entities, exercising functions regulated in a particular domain of employment law. Each of the two strands of the received concept is addressed in turn to demonstrate how this openly multi-functional approach overcomes the rigidities of the current concept without abandoning an underlying unitary definition. As a result, employment law obligations fasten on the entity, or combination of entities, exercising the relevant employer functions, regardless of the formal legal organization of the enterprise in question.
The Fragile Scope of Employment Law Coverage
Authors: Adams-Prassl Jeremias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the fragile scope of employment law coverage, beginning with the near-complete inapplicability of protective provisions in the triangular or agency work context. In complex corporate groups and Private Equity-owned companies, on the other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult to identify the relevant employer for purposes of statutory obligations, such as the consultation and information of employees in collective redundancies or transfers of undertakings (TUPE). In setting out these examples, several previous attempts at addressing the problems under discussion are analysed to demonstrate their potential flaws: instead of addressing the underlying tension in the concept of the employer, judicial, legislative and policy-based responses have historically been limited in their focus on a particular subset of issues. Attempts at partial reform are furthermore difficult insofar as they tend to perpetuate received concepts and thus reinforce the narrow and inconsistent personal scope of employment law.
Childhood Injuries Due to Hay-Hole Falls
Authors: Engbrecht Brett W. , Kulaylat Afif N. , Dias Mark , Kendig James W. , Cilley Robert E. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveChildren who live, work, and play on farms with barn design that includes hay-holes are at risk for a particular type of fall. This study retrospectively reviews all children admitted to a pediatric trauma center with injuries due to fall through a hay-hole over a 19-year period. This study is the first to specifically describe hay-hole fall injuries.MethodsA retrospective review from a 19-year period at a rural pediatric trauma center identified 66 patients who sustained injuries from a hay-hole fall. Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, injuries, interventions, and hospital course.ResultsSixty-six patients sustained injuries from hay-hole falls. Median patient age was 4 years, and median Injury Severity Score was 14. Forty-one percent of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 26% of patients were intubated. Injuries included skull fracture (73%), facial fracture (27%), intracranial hemorrhage (53%), and noncraniofacial injuries (12%). Eighteen percent required a therapeutic intervention. There was 1 fatality (2%).ConclusionsHay-hole fall appears to be a distinct injury mechanism, and patients present with different injury patterns than other types of falls. In this study, a high proportion of patients were young, and craniofacial injuries accounted for the majority of injuries. Only a small proportion of patients sustained noncraniofacial injuries. Injury prevention strategies should be targeted to this unique agrarian injury.
Management of Toddler’s Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Schuh Abigail M. , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Klein Eileen J. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives
To evaluate current practice in treatment of toddler’s fractures, as well as subsequent healthcare utilization and complications.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of children age 9 months to 3 years with a radiographically evident toddler’s fracture diagnosed at a single academic pediatric emergency department (PED) from January 2008 to December 2012. Data collected included initial form of immobilization (if any), referral to orthopedic clinic, number of repeat radiographs obtained, presence of skin breakdown related to splinting or casting, and presence of other complications.

Results
Seventy-five patients were treated. Most patients were placed in splints or casts in the PED (66.7%) as opposed to controlled ankle motion (CAM) boot (24%) or no immobilization (9.3%). Splinted patients had a longer total duration of immobilization, higher rate of follow-up in orthopedic clinic, and greater number of repeat radiographs obtained than those in the CAM boot or no immobilization groups. Thirteen patients (17.3%) developed skin breakdown during their course of therapy; all of these patients had been placed in a splint or cast in the PED. No difference in PED return rates was observed between groups.

Conclusions
There is wide variation in management of toddler’s fractures within this single tertiary care PED. Given that these fractures are unlikely to displace and that complications of splinting and casting are not insignificant, this study suggests that immobilization may not be necessary for acute management of toddler’s fractures.
A critique of shareholder primacy under UK takeover law and the continued imposition of the Board Neutrality Rule
Authors: Nyombi Chrispas 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the Board Neutrality Rule and the primacy afforded to shareholders during takeovers is justified under common law and policy.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides a detailed assessment of the role play by the board neutrality rule and whether this is supported by takeover law and Company law. A review of case law and statutes is provided. The paper is largely analytical.Findings– The paper finds little justification for the continued imposition of the Board Neutrality Rule.Originality/value– The paper adds to the growing body of research literature which has analysed the role played by the Board Neutrality Rule during takeovers.
Mutating Neoliberalism: The Promotion of Italian Investors in Slovakia before and after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Sellar Christian , Pástor Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the context of the literature on ‘actually existing neoliberalisms’, this article analyzes the policies and services supporting Italian foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovakia. It identifies a group of organizations, both Slovak and Italian, which shape and deliver neoliberal pro‐FDI policies. By studying such an ‘investment promotion community’ (IPC) before and after the global financial crisis of 2009, and during Italy's prolonged crisis, this article shows both the persistence and adaptability of neoliberal policies and institutions. In so doing, it highlights some of the transnational flows underpinning the ‘domestication’ of neoliberalism in Slovakia. These findings support recent literature arguing that post‐crisis neoliberalism can be interpreted as a stunted Polanyian double movement, in which the state has improved some of its regulatory functions but without questioning the overarching neoliberal principles. Specifically, it shows that FDI policies and the support of Italian investors rest upon a professional community that has not changed much since the 2009 crisis. This community played a crucial role in embedding neoliberal rationalities in Slovakia and supports the persistence of this ideology in the post‐crisis environment.
Claiming Rights To Mobility Through The Right To Inhabitance: Discursive Articulations from Civic Actors in Montreal
Authors: Van Neste Sophie L. , Sénécal Gilles 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHow do claims for rights to mobility intersect with grievances pertaining to spatial justice in the city? This article addresses the issue by studying the concrete connections made by activists promoting car alternatives in Montreal. The activists' discursive categories point to the centrality of their conditions of inhabitance in their claims for certain rights to mobility. The discourses are analysed in the context of demands for safe spaces to walk and cycle in Montreal, and in the context of opposition to the rebuilding of the Turcot highway interchange. The article discusses internal dynamics of collective action, as well as the external influences and controls on activists contesting automobility to various degrees and with different spatially grounded priorities. The claims for rights to mobility rely on locally articulated priorities for better conditions of inhabitance, yet with a transversal reliance on a shared sense of threat and vulnerability, and on the representations of a community (whether local or multi‐scalar), enabling changes in the physical framing of mobility.
Disparities exist between the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the dietary intakes of young children aged two to three years
Authors: Chai Li K , Macdonald‐Wicks Lesley , Hure Alexis J , Burrows Tracy L , Blumfield Michelle L , Smith Roger , Collins Clare E 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo compare dietary intakes of young children to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) and Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs).MethodsDietary intakes of 54 children (50% girls) aged two to three years (mean 2.7 years) from the Women and Their Children's Health (WATCH) study were reported by mothers using a validated 120‐item food frequency questionnaire. Daily consumption of AGHE food group servings, macronutrients, and micronutrients were compared to the AGHE and NRVs using t‐test with significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsNo child achieved all AGHE targets, with the majority consuming less breads/cereals (1.9 vs 4.0 servings/day), vegetables (1.3 vs 2.5), and meat/alternatives (0.7 vs 1.0), all P < 0.0001. Adequate servings were observed for dairy (2.2 vs 1.5) and fruit (1.3 vs 1.0). Macronutrients were within recommended ranges, although 96% exceeded saturated fatty acid recommendations. Children who met selected NRVs consumed more fruit (1.4 vs 1.0; P < 0.0086), dairy (2.2 vs 1.5; P < 0.0001) and discretionary foods (2.6 vs ≤1.0; P < 0.0001) but less breads/cereals (2.0 vs 4.0; P < 0.0001) and vegetables (1.3 vs 2.5; P < 0.0001) servings, compared to the AGHE recommended servings.ConclusionsChild dietary intakes did not align with AGHE, while adequate nutrient profiles were achieved by various dietary patterns. Future studies involving data from larger, representative samples of children are warranted.