bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of secondary metabolite compounds in n-hexane extract of noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn) leaves through phytochemical test
Authors: Dewi R , Siregar T N , Wahyuni S , Sutriana A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn) is one of the plants with a high antioxidant content in its roots, leaves, and fruit. Noni leaf extract contains numerous active compounds, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, and prexeronin. The aim of this study was to use phytochemical tests to identify the active compounds in n-hexane extracts of noni leaves. This test begins with extracting noni leaves using n-hexane solvent. The resulting extracts were subjected to phytochemical testing including alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, and saponin tests. The results of this test showed that the n-hexane extract of noni leaves contained only terpenoids and steroids. As a result, it can be concluded that these two compounds can react with non-polar solvents such as n-hexane.
Spatial patterns of tuberculosis in Aceh Province during the COVID-19 pandemic: a geospatial autocorrelation assessment
Authors: Saputra A , Sofyan H , Kesuma Z M , Sasmita N R , Wichaidit W , Chongsuvivatwong V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Aceh Province, where tuberculosis incidence has reached alarming levels, understanding the spatial distribution of cases is crucial for effective interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial autocorrelation of tuberculosis incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in 23 districts of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Using an ecological study, we analysed secondary data of the reported tuberculosis cases in Aceh Province covering 2020 to 2022. We use the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate the normality and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the differences between study periods. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated at both global and local levels using Moran’s I and Getis-Ord statistics, respectively. The study included 24,715 tuberculosis cases, revealing that the district with the highest incidence differed in each year. The study showed that TB case in Aceh Province was not normally distributed yet different for each study period. Surprisingly, the global spatial autocorrelation was detected only in 2022 (p-value = 0.013). However, local spatial autocorrelation identified Pidie Jaya, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Utara and Bener Meriah as statistically significant hot-spots for 3 consecutive years. It suggests that the tuberculosis incidence in most districts did not significantly influence the incidence of tuberculosis in its neighbours. These findings contribute to our understanding of tuberculosis distribution and offer valuable insights for public health planning and resource allocation.
Healing of diabetic ulcers using jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (Muntingia calabura l.) based on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Balqis U , Aisyah S , Sofyan H , Admi M , Darmawi D , Hamdi M H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research aims to determine the potential of jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (JCLEC) to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers in white rat based on collagen density. The research used 4 month old male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into K0 (negative control), KP (silver sulfadiazine), K1 (5% JCLEC), K2 (10% JCLEC), and K3 (15% JCLEC). An incision was made on the back of the rat then given JCLEC. Days 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, the wound tissue was collected after the rat were euthanized. Skin tissue was processed and stained with picrosirious red. The rate of wound healing was observed. Collagen density was presented in scoring. Based on the treatment group and observation time, there was a significant difference in collagen density between the treatment groups compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the treatment group, the scoring of the collagen density was 1.78±0.6 (K0); 2.56±0.88 (KP); 1.78±0.4 (K1); 2.56±0.88 (K2); and 3.1±0.78 (K3). Based on observation time, the average collagen density scoring was 1.8±0.3 (D-3); 2.6±0.4 (D-7); and 2.8±0.6 (D-14). The conclusion is the 15% JCLEC has the potential to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers in white rats by stimulate collagen density.
Synthesis of microalgae-based methyl ester using calcium glyceroxide catalyst derived from duck eggshells and crude glycerol in the n-hexane co-solvent system
Authors: Alam W S , Abraar F , Pramananda V , Masyithah Z 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of microalgae-based methyl ester has attracted the interest of researchers since microalgae have a high lipid content and can proliferate. Chlorella vulgaris, with its 63% lipid content on a dry basis, holds promise for methyl ester production. Heterogeneous catalysts, particularly calcium glyceroxide (Ca[O(OH)2C3H5]), play a crucial role in ester manufacturing due to their high catalytic activity. The synthesis of the calcium glyceroxide catalyst involves duck eggshells as a calcium source and crude glycerol. Optimal methyl ester production is achieved by employing n-hexane as a co-solvent for efficient microalgae oil dissolution. This research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing the calcium glyceroxide catalyst derived from duck eggshells and crude glycerol, emphasizing its application in manufacturing microalgae-based methyl esters with n-hexane as the co-solvent. Methyl ester synthesis variables include a 55°C reaction temperature, a 1.5% microalgae-derived catalyst, and a 9:1 methanol to microalgae ratio. FTIR functional group analysis identifies hydroxyl (O-H) groups from crude glycerol bound to calcium at 3345.71 cm−1, along with C-H group vibrations from crude glycerol bound to calcium at 2941.80 cm−1. SEM morphological analysis reveals aggregate formation on the calcium glyceroxide catalyst, indicating potential active sites. Utilizing the calcium glyceroxide catalyst for methyl ester synthesis yields a promising 62.42% yield. GC characterization demonstrates a methyl ester purity of 72.09%, with methyl palmitate as the predominant component at 30.927%. This study underscores the efficient use of the synthesized calcium glyceroxide catalyst for microalgae-based methyl ester production, showcasing its potential for sustainable biodiesel synthesis.
Investigating factors influencing poverty with financial literacy and inclusion as mediating variable
Authors: Liswanda S , Oktavia R , Zuhra R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study looked at how financial inclusion and literacy, as a mediation variable, affected the relationship between education, employment, and e-commerce and poverty in Indonesia. Reflective indicators and factor schemes were used in the analysis, which employed the Partial Least Square (PLS) method of structural equation modeling (SEM). Four significant indicators relate to education, two to employment, two to e-commerce, six to poverty, and two to financial inclusion and literacy. The findings indicated that employment and education had a significant negative impact on poverty. On the other hand, e-commerce, financial literacy, and inclusion factors have a positive and significant effects on poverty. Financial literacy and inclusion are not considerably influenced by education, but employment has a significant negative impact on these factors. E-commerce also has a negative impact on these factors.
The usefulness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a systematic review
Authors: Earlia N , Lestari W , Bulqiah M , Fajrina N , Maulana M N , Tasrif A Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) has been widely used to treat dermatological diseases, one of which is vitiligo. There have been a number of published trials evaluating PRP combined therapy for vitiligo. However, evidence-based knowledge is insufficient for making sound decisions. This systematic review conducted to assess the evidence of therapeutic effect of PRP for vitiligo as an adjuvant therapy. All data sources were identified through electronic database searches on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Schoolar to find randomized controlled trials (RCT). The result of this review descriptively present with table. This study identified 13 studies that met inclusion criteria. Eight studies show the significant therapeutic effect of PRP for vitiligo. The combination therapy with PRP resulted in a significantly greater clinical improvement in re-pigmentation compared to monotherapy. PRP demonstrates efficacy and safety, making it a viable therapeutic option as an adjuvant or alternative treatment for vitiligo, owing to its healing and regenerative attributes.
Machine learning method for roughness prediction
Authors: Makhoul Bassem Y , Simas Filho Eduardo F , de Assis Thiago A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work aims to employ machine-learning models, specifically neural networks, to predict the time evolution of the global surface roughness in a lattice model that represents a film growing on a d-dimensional substrate. We analyze the well-known ballistic deposition (BD) model for d=1, 2 since it presents strong corrections to the scaling, making it difficult to observe directly, via effective scaling exponents, its correspondence with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. As an alternative to overcome this difficulty, we first intend to learn the time evolution of the global roughness for substrate sizes that are computationally viable to simulate. To test the learning, we apply two different methodologies for d = 1: the first one learns the Family-Vicsek scaling relation, and by doing the reverse transformation, we get the global roughness as a function of the time, and the second one learns the kinetic roughening directly from the time series data. For growth in d = 2 where applications arise and no exact KPZ scaling exponents are known, we apply the second methodology. However, we employ a more resilient learning model tailored for time series problems. Hence, the time required to generate the same amount of data, showing the evolution of global roughness, is reduced dramatically. Importantly, machine learning techniques capture the scaling corrections of the BD model, predicting an effective global roughness exponent, α, calculated from the learned data extracted from very large lateral sizes and times that cannot be simulated using lattice models. Our prediction is consistent with accurate estimates of the KPZ roughness exponent reported in the literature for d = 2.
Guideline summary: assessment, diagnosis, care and support for people with dementia and their carers [Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network SIGN Guideline 168]
Authors: Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Soiza Roy L , Quinn Terence J ,   On behalf of the SIGN 168 guideline development group
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) have recently published their guideline SIGN168 on ‘Assessment, Diagnosis, Care, and Support for People with Dementia and their Carers’. The guideline makes evidence-based recommendations for best practice in the assessment, care and support of adults living with dementia. Topics featured in this guideline are limited to those prioritised by stakeholders, especially people with lived and living experience, and those not well covered under pre-existing guidance. We summarise the guideline recommendations related to identification and diagnosis of dementia, investigative procedures, postdiagnostic support living with dementia, including non-pharmacological approaches for distressed behaviours, using technology to support people with dementia, grief and dementia and changing needs of people with dementia. The guideline content is summarised as officially published, with additional commentary in the final section.
Pathogenic heterozygous TRPM7 variants and hypomagnesemia with developmental delay
Authors: Bosman Willem , Butler Kameryn M , Chang Caitlin A , Ganapathi Mythily , Guzman Edwin , Latta Femke , Chung Wendy K , Claverie-Martin Felix , Davis Jessica M , Hoenderop Joost G J , de Baaij Jeroen H F 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Heterozygous variants in Transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 (TRPM7), encoding an essential and ubiquitously expressed cation channel, may cause hypomagnesemia, but current evidence is insufficient to draw definite conclusions and it is unclear whether any other phenotypes can occur.

Methods
Individuals with unexplained hypomagnesemia underwent whole-exome sequencing which identified TRPM7 variants. Pathogenicity of the identified variants was assessed by combining phenotypic, functional and in silico analyses.

Results
We report three new heterozygous missense variants in TRPM7 (p.Met1000Thr, p.Gly1046Arg, p.Leu1081Arg) in individuals with hypomagnesemia. Strikingly, autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay, mainly affecting speech and motor skills, was observed in all three individuals, while two out of three also presented with seizures. The three variants are predicted to be severely damaging by in silico prediction tools and structural modeling. Furthermore, these variants result in a clear loss-of-function of TRPM7-mediated magnesium uptake in vitro, while not affecting TRPM7 expression or insertion into the plasma membrane.

Conclusions
This study provides additional evidence for the association between heterozygous TRPM7 variants and hypomagnesemia and adds developmental delay to the phenotypic spectrum of TRPM7-related disorders. Considering that the TRPM7 gene is relatively tolerant to loss-of-function variants, future research should aim to unravel by what mechanisms specific heterozygous TRPM7 variants can cause disease.
Thrombus inside the channel of patent foramen ovale revealed by optical coherence tomography imaging in a patient with myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Xing-ye , He Lu , Xie Xue-gang , Liu Xiao-qin , Zhang Yu-shun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) caused by patent foramen ovale (PFO)-based paradoxical embolism is rare, and there are few case reports in the literature.Case summaryHere, we report a case of MI in which optical coherence tomography revealed in situ thrombi in the PFO channel.DiscussionIn addition to paradoxical embolism, in situ thrombus may also be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of PFO in patients with MI.
Reduction in the need for surgery and mortality after early administration of fibrinolytics following empyema drainage
Authors: Tamiya Hiroyuki , Jo Taisuke , Yokoyama Akira , Sakamoto Yukiyo , Mitani Akihisa , Tanaka Goh , Matsui Hiroki , Ishimaru Miho , Yasunaga Hideo , Nagase Takahide 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although intrapleural administration of fibrinolytics is an important treatment option for the management of empyema, the addition of fibrinolytics failed to reduce the need for surgery and mortality in previous randomized controlled trials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administrating fibrinolytics in the early phase (within 3 days of chest tube insertion) of empyema compared with late administration or no administration.

METHODS
We used the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Inpatient Database to identify patients aged ≥16 years who were hospitalized and underwent chest tube drainage for empyema. A 1:2 propensity score matching and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting were conducted.

RESULTS
Among the 16 265 eligible patients, 3082 and 13 183 patients were categorized into the early and control group, respectively. The proportion of patients who underwent surgery was significantly lower in the early fibrinolytics group than in the control group; the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.69 (0.54–0.88) in the propensity score matching (P = 0.003) and 0.64 (0.50–0.80) in the stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis (P &lt; 0.001). All-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, and total hospitalization costs were also more favourable in the early fibrinolytics group.

CONCLUSIONS
The early administration of fibrinolytics may reduce the need for surgery and death in adult patients with empyema.
Artificial intelligence-enhanced patient evaluation: bridging art and science
Authors: Oikonomou Evangelos K , Khera Rohan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The advent of digital health and artificial intelligence (AI) has promised to revolutionize clinical care, but real-world patient evaluation has yet to witness transformative changes. As history taking and physical examination continue to rely on long-established practices, a growing pipeline of AI-enhanced digital tools may soon augment the traditional clinical encounter into a data-driven process. This article presents an evidence-backed vision of how promising AI applications may enhance traditional practices, streamlining tedious tasks while elevating diverse data sources, including AI-enabled stethoscopes, cameras, and wearable sensors, to platforms for personalized medicine and efficient care delivery. Through the lens of traditional patient evaluation, we illustrate how digital technologies may soon be interwoven into routine clinical workflows, introducing a novel paradigm of longitudinal monitoring. Finally, we provide a skeptic’s view on the practical, ethical, and regulatory challenges that limit the uptake of such technologies.
Recovering induced polarization effects from 1-D coupled inversion of transient electromagnetic data
Authors: Sharifi Fereydoun , Tezkan Bülent , Ibraheem Ismael M , Bergers Rainer , Yogeshwar Pritam 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Induced polarization (IP) effects can significantly affect and superimpose the inductive earth response, leading to heavily distorted data and, if overlooked, false geological interpretation. In this paper, we implemented the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) algorithms to recover IP effects from central loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. To incorporate the IP effect in the TEM response, we used the Cole–Cole parametrization, maximum phase angle (MPA), maximum imaginary conductivity (MIC) and Jeffrey transform of Cole–Cole parameters. The result of 1-D forward calculation and inversion of synthetic TEM data revealed that the Cole–Cole parametrization is more robust and reliable than MPA, MIC and Jeffrey transform, and that the synthetic data were well fitted and IP parameters well recovered using this model. However, the incorporation of the IP effect leads to a highly nonlinear and non-unique inverse problem which requires an accurate starting model, especially for LM inversion. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm using field data, we carried out a 1-D inversion of TEM data acquired along a profile that traverses a waste site located near Cologne, Germany. Furthermore, to obtain a priori information and validate the result of TEM data modelling, we conducted an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain IP (TDIP) survey along the TEM profile. A 2-D inversion was used to retrieve the Cole–Cole parameters as input for TEM interpretation. By including the IP information, the TEM field data can be explained quantitively, and a consistent and improved interpretation of the waste body is achieved.
“Do not inject our babies”: a social listening analysis of public opinion about authorizing pediatric COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Golos Aleksandra M , Guntuku Sharath-Chandra , Buttenheim Alison M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Designing effective childhood vaccination counseling guidelines, public health campaigns, and school-entry mandates requires a nuanced understanding of the information ecology in which parents make vaccination decisions. However, evidence is lacking on how best to “catch the signal” about the public's attitudes, beliefs, and misperceptions. In this study, we characterize public sentiment and discourse about vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 with mRNA vaccines to identify prevalent concerns about the vaccine and to understand anti-vaccine rhetorical strategies. We applied computational topic modeling to 149 897 comments submitted to regulations.gov in October 2021 and February 2022 regarding the Food and Drug Administration's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccines for children. We used a latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling algorithm to generate topics and then used iterative thematic and discursive analysis to identify relevant domains, themes, and rhetorical strategies. Three domains emerged: (1) specific concerns about the COVID-19 vaccines; (2) foundational beliefs shaping vaccine attitudes; and (3) rhetorical strategies deployed in anti-vaccine arguments. Computational social listening approaches can contribute to misinformation surveillance and evidence-based guidelines for vaccine counseling and public health promotion campaigns.
From political priority to service delivery: complexities to real-life priority of abortion services in Ethiopia
Authors: McLean Emily , Miljeteig Ingrid , Blystad Astrid , Mirkuzie Alemnesh H , Haaland Marte E. S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Improving access to abortion services has been coined a high priority by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. Nevertheless, many women are still struggling to access abortion services. The dedicated commitment to expanding abortion services by central authorities and the difficulties in further improving access to the services make for an interesting case to explore the real-life complexities of health priority setting. This article thus explores what it means to make abortion services a priority by drawing on in-depth interviews with healthcare bureaucrats and key stakeholders working closely with abortion service policy and implementation. Data were collected from February to April 2022. Health bureaucrats from 9 of the 12 regional states in Ethiopia and the Federal Ministry of Health were interviewed in addition to key stakeholders from professional organizations and NGOs. The study found that political will and priority to abortion services by central authorities were not necessarily enough to ensure access to the service across the health sector. At the regional and local level, there were considerable challenges with a lack of funding, equipment and human resources for implementing and expanding access to abortion services. The inadequacy of indicators and reporting systems hindered accountability and made it difficult to give priority to abortion services among the series of health programmes and priorities that local health authorities had to implement. The situation was further challenged by the contested nature of the abortion issue itself, both in the general population, but also amongst health bureaucrats and hospital leaders. This study casts a light on the complex and entangled processes of turning national-level priorities into on-the-ground practice and highlights the real-life challenges of setting and implementing health priorities.