bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A seamless soft handover management scheme in NGEO satellite networks
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Xiangqun , Liu Lixiang , Hu Xiaohui 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYSatellite networks can provide extensive geographic coverage to diverse user population, but handovers of active communications should be controlled considering the satellites' high speed. Mobile IP and many other handover algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial wireless networks. However, the satellite network exhibits several unique features compared with the terrestrial wireless networks, such as the long delay. This paper proposes a seamless soft handover scheme (S2H) for satellite networks. S2H designs an identity locator split addressing to solve the multihoming problem and applies the network coding scheme during handover. This manner is able to reduce the interference opportunity, save transmissions, and achieve low handover delay, short queue length, and high throughput. Relying on the simulation results, S2H is able to achieve better performance compared with the proposed handover algorithms in the satellite environment when there are multiple traffic flows. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summer habitat use by adult female mule deer in a restoration‐treated ponderosa pine forest
Authors: Horncastle Valerie J. , Fenner Yarborough R. , Dickson Brett G. , Rosenstock Steven S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAcross ponderosa pine—(Pinus ponderosa) dominated forests of northern Arizona, USA, large‐scale restoration and fuels treatments are being implemented or planned to reduce wildfire threat and severity and improve ecosystem health. It is important to understand how these activities will affect animal populations, including species of economic and social importance, such as mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Forest treatments may improve foraging habitat for mule deer by opening forest canopy and stimulating shrub and herbaceous production, but also may reduce availability of day‐bed sites. In this context, we used a generalized linear mixed‐model approach and utilization distributions to estimate post‐treatment relative intensity of summer (Apr–Sep) use of multiple habitat attributes by adult female mule deer on the Grand Canyon‐Parashant National Monument in northern Arizona between 2003 and 2005. Based on 5,776 Global Positioning System collar locations from 10 individuals ( = 580 locations/individual), we identified intensive use of areas that received a thin‐and‐burn treatment in the previous season, were located on gentle slopes, and were proximate to reliable water sources. Female mule deer likely selected thin‐and‐burn treatment areas to take advantage of increased forage abundance. Because thin‐and‐burn treatments did not remove Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) or Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii), substantial shrub and mid‐story vegetation cover remained post‐treatment. Our results indicated the potential value of a mosaic approach to ponderosa pine forest restoration, where untreated areas, as well as treated areas that retain Gambel oak and juniper, are heterogeneously distributed across the landscape. This approach also would provide important concealment cover and forage after thin‐and‐burn and thin‐only treatments. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Hydrolysis Products Generated by Lipoprotein Lipase and Endothelial Lipase Differentially Impact THP‐1 Macrophage Cell Signalling Pathways
Authors: Essaji Yasmin , Yang Yanbo , Albert Carolyn J. , Ford David A. , Brown Robert J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMacrophages express lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL) within atherosclerotic plaques; however, little is known about how lipoprotein hydrolysis products generated by these lipases might affect macrophage cell signalling pathways. We hypothesized that hydrolysis products affect macrophage cell signalling pathways associated with atherosclerosis. To test our hypothesis, we incubated differentiated THP‐1 macrophages with products from total lipoprotein hydrolysis by recombinant LPL or EL. Using antibody arrays, we found that the phosphorylation of six receptor tyrosine kinases and three signalling nodes—most associated with atherosclerotic processes—was increased by LPL derived hydrolysis products. EL derived hydrolysis products only increased the phosphorylation of tropomyosin‐related kinase A, which is also implicated in playing a role in atherosclerosis. Using electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry, we identified the species of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines that were hydrolyzed by LPL and EL, and we identified the fatty acids liberated by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. To determine if the total liberated fatty acids influenced signalling pathways, we incubated differentiated THP‐1 macrophages with a mixture of the fatty acids that matched the concentrations of liberated fatty acids from total lipoproteins by LPL, and we subjected cell lysates to antibody array analyses. The analyses showed that only the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly increased in response to fatty acid treatment. Overall, our study shows that macrophages display potentially pro‐atherogenic signalling responses following acute treatments with LPL and EL lipoprotein hydrolysis products.
Fatty Acid Profile of Cardiac Muscle Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol in MDX Mice and C57BL/10ScSnJ Controls
Authors: Tuazon Marc A. , Henderson Gregory C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mdx mouse is a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a debilitating disease affecting striated muscle. It is established that the fatty acid (FA) composition of skeletal muscle phospholipid (PL) is altered in mdx mice, but it is not known if cardiac muscle is similarly affected by dystrophin‐deficiency. We tested FA profiles in PL and triacylglycerol (TAG) in cardiac muscle of 12‐week old mdx and control (con) mice. Of 22 different FA, similar to our previous finding for skeletal muscle, the most abundant FA in heart PL were palmitic, stearic, cis‐vaccenic, linoleic, and docosahexaenoic acid, while for TAG the most abundant FA were palmitic, oleic, cis‐vaccenic, and linoleic acid. In comparing mdx and con, no significant group differences were detected for any FA in PL or TAG. Thus, unlike skeletal muscle, FA composition in cardiac muscle PL is not different between mdx and con at the age studied. The results can be understood in the context of tissue‐specific disease severity in mdx mice, as pathology is quite modest in cardiac compared with skeletal muscle.
Quantitative evaluation of brain development using anatomical MRI and diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Oishi Kenichi , Faria Andreia V. , Yoshida Shoko , Chang Linda , Mori Susumu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe development of the brain is structure‐specific, and the growth rate of each structure differs depending on the age of the subject. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to evaluate brain development because of the high spatial resolution and contrast that enable the observation of structure‐specific developmental status. Currently, most clinical MRIs are evaluated qualitatively to assist in the clinical decision‐making and diagnosis. The clinical MRI report usually does not provide quantitative values that can be used to monitor developmental status. Recently, the importance of image quantification to detect and evaluate mild‐to‐moderate anatomical abnormalities has been emphasized because these alterations are possibly related to several psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities. In the research arena, structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been widely applied to quantify brain development of the pediatric population. To interpret the values from these MR modalities, a “growth percentile chart,” which describes the mean and standard deviation of the normal developmental curve for each anatomical structure, is required. Although efforts have been made to create such a growth percentile chart based on MRI and DTI, one of the greatest challenges is to standardize the anatomical boundaries of the measured anatomical structures. To avoid inter‐ and intra‐reader variability about the anatomical boundary definition, and hence, to increase the precision of quantitative measurements, an automated structure parcellation method, customized for the neonatal and pediatric population, has been developed. This method enables quantification of multiple MR modalities using a common analytic framework. In this paper, the attempt to create an MRI‐ and a DTI‐based growth percentile chart, followed by an application to investigate developmental abnormalities related to cerebral palsy, Williams syndrome, and Rett syndrome, have been introduced. Future directions include multimodal image analysis and personalization for clinical application.
Gaining insight of fetal brain development with diffusion MRI and histology
Authors: Huang Hao , Vasung Lana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHuman brain is extraordinarily complex and yet its origin is a simple tubular structure. Its development during the fetal period is characterized by a series of accurately organized events which underlie the mechanisms of dramatic structural changes during fetal development. Revealing detailed anatomy at different stages of human fetal brain development provides insight on understanding not only this highly ordered process, but also the neurobiological foundations of cognitive brain disorders such as mental retardation, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar and language impairment. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histology are complementary tools which are capable of delineating the fetal brain structures at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. In this review, the structural development of the fetal brains has been characterized with DTI and histology. Major components of the fetal brain, including cortical plate, fetal white matter and cerebral wall layer between the ventricle and subplate, have been delineated with DTI and histology. Anisotropic metrics derived from DTI were used to quantify the microstructural changes during the dynamic process of human fetal cortical development and prenatal development of other animal models. Fetal white matter pathways have been traced with DTI‐based tractography to reveal growth patterns of individual white matter tracts and corticocortical connectivity. These detailed anatomical accounts of the structural changes during fetal period may provide the clues of detecting developmental and cognitive brain disorders at their early stages. The anatomical information from DTI and histology may also provide reference standards for diagnostic radiology of premature newborns.
‘The sceptre of her pow'r’: nymphs, nobility, and nomenclature in early Victorian science
Authors: OPITZ DONALD L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOnly weeks following Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne on 20 June 1837, a controversy brewed over the naming of the ‘vegetable wonder’ known today asVictoria amazonica(Sowerby). This gargantuan lily was encountered by the Royal Geographical Society's explorer Robert Schomburgk in British Guyana on New Year's Day, 1837. Following Schomburgk's wishes, metropolitan naturalists sought Victoria's pleasure in naming the flower after her, but the involvement of multiple agents and obfuscation of their actions resulted in two royal names for the lily:Victoria regina(Gray) andVictoria regia(Lindley). To resolve the duplicity in names, the protagonists, John Edward Gray and John Lindley, made priority claims for their respective names, ultimately founding their authorities on conventions aligned with gentlemanly manners and deference to nobility. This article will analyse the controversy, hitherto unexamined by historians, and argue for its significance in repositioning Queen Victoria – and nobility generally – as central agents in the making of authority in early Victorian science.
Paraoxonase 1 activities and genetic variation in childhood obesity
Authors: Rupérez A. I. , López-Guarnido O. , Gil F. , Olza J. , Gil-Campos M. , Leis R. , Tojo R. , Cañete R. , Gil A. , Aguilera C. M. 
Published: June 2013

Changes in paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities have been observed in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress, such as CVD. However, its role in obesity has not been fully established. In the present study, we aimed (1) to genotype sixteen PON1 SNP, (2) to measure serum PON1 activities and (3) to correlate these findings with the incidence of childhood obesity and related traits. We conducted a case–control study of 189 normal-weight and 179 obese prepubertal children, and we measured four different PON1 activities: lactonase; paraoxonase; arylesterase; diazoxonase. Although none of these activities was significantly different between the obese and normal-weight children, lactonase activity was found to be positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol and ApoA1 levels and negatively correlated with myeloperoxidase and fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels. Among the sixteen genotyped PON1 SNP, only the intronic SNP rs854566 exhibited a significant association with obesity (OR 0·61, 95 % CI 0·41, 0·91; P= 0·016). This genetic variant was also associated with increased diazoxonase, lactonase and arylesterase activities and decreased paraoxonase activity. Other genetic variants exhibited different association patterns with serum activities based on their location within the PON1 gene, and SNP that were located within the promoter were strongly associated with lactonase, arylesterase and diazoxonase activities. The functional variant Q192R exhibited the greatest effect on paraoxonase activity (P= 5·88 × 10− 42). In conclusion, SNP rs854566 was negatively associated with childhood obesity and with increased serum PON1 activities in prepubertal children. We determined that lactonase is a reliable indicator of PON1 activities and should be included in future studies of PON1 function.
Molecular phylogenetic evidence for paraphyly of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma (Hemiptera, Hormaphidinae) reveals late Tertiary radiation
Authors: Rui-ling Zhang , Xiao-lei Huang , Li-yun Jiang , Ge-xia Qiao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCeratovacuna and Pseudoregma are important groups in Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Hormaphidinae) that not only produce soldier aphids in galls on the primary hosts but also produce horned soldiers on the herbaceous secondary hosts. However, due to sampling bias in previous studies, the phylogenetic relationships of these two genera remain inconclusive. In this study, based on more extensive sampling and examination of both mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI); cytochrome b (Cytb)) and nuclear (elongation factor-1α (EF-1α); long-wavelength opsin (LWO)) genes, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma. Phylogenetic analyses, along with morphological evidence, suggested that these two genera belong to the paraphyletic groups with species clustered into three main groups. The monophyly of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma as a whole was generally supported by all analyses. Monophyly of Pseudoregma was also supported. The estimated divergence times demonstrated that diversification of Ceratovacuna and Pseudoregma occurred approximately at 10 mya. The relatively low resolution for the basal relationships of the three main clades may indicate that these two genera have experienced a rapid radiation along with speciation burst of their secondary hosts during the late Tertiary.
Tissue banking in ENT: challenges and methods
Authors: Warner E , Birchall M , Lowdell M W 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground:Biobanking is the process of storing high quality human biospecimens alongside linked clinical data, for research purposes. The aim is to identify novel biomarkers with prognostic or diagnostic significance. However, the challenges implicit in the collection and storage of human tissue for research have curtailed the impact of this technique to date.Aim:This paper aims to summarise the challenges faced by biobanking within the ENT specialty in the UK, and to present protocols used for the routine collection, freezing and storage of tissue specimens at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. These protocols could be used to guide other ENT departments (in the UK and worldwide) wishing to initiate the routine collection and storage of tissue samples. Their publication could also help to establish basic standards and ensure consistency in ENT tissue storage.Methods:Interviews conducted with industry experts, and a literature review of ‘best practice’ in biobanking.Conclusion:The ENT specialty must stay abreast of progress in human tissue research in order to ensure the best possible management of its patients. Our protocol for the routine banking of ENT tissue at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital could be used as a template for other ENT departments (in the UK and worldwide) to encourage widespread implementation of high quality tissue banking.
Simple and reliable preparation of immunodiagnostic antigens forTaenia soliumcysticercosis
Authors: SAKO YASUHITO , ITOH SONOYO , OKAMOTO MUNEHIRO , NAKAYA KAZUHIRO , ITO AKIRA 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYCysticercosis caused by infection with the larval stage ofTaenia soliumis an important cause of neurological disease worldwide and immunodiagnosis is important for the control and elimination of cysticercosis. In the present study, we established a simple and reliable preparation of immunodiagnostic low-molecular-weight antigens (LMWAgs) fromT. soliumcyst fluids by a cation-exchange chromatography (CEC). Banding patterns of LMWAgs on SDS-PAGE were different between isolates from Ecuador and China. All cysticercosis patient sera and some echinococcosis patient sera recognized both LMWAgs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but sera from healthy persons were not positive. There was no statistical difference in immunodiagnostic performance of LMWAgs prepared from different geographical isolates. These results indicated that these novel immunodiagnostic antigen preparations could contribute the control and prevention of cysticercosis in endemic areas, especially developing countries.
Autonomous Positioning of Satellite Constellations via X-ray Pulsar Measurements
Authors: Liu Li , Zheng Wei , Tang Guojian 
Published: June 2013

A novel autonomous positioning approach based on X-ray pulsars is proposed in this paper. First, the principles of the pulsar–based measurement model and the inter-satellite range model in the autonomous positioning of satellite constellations are presented. The observability of the pulsar-based measurement model is then shown. Second, the autonomous positioning algorithms, including measurement models and orbital dynamics models, are formulated using an unscented Kalman filter to estimate the position vectors of satellites. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed measurement scheme compared with an inter-satellite range scheme is illustrated by numerical simulation. The results show that the proposed approach can keep the satellite state convergent, and achieve position accuracies of 2 m. The proposed scheme provides a promising approach for autonomous absolute positioning of constellation systems by using X-ray pulsars.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE EL PARAÍSO VALLEY: THE ROLE OF SECONDARY CENTERS IN THE MULTIETHNIC LANDSCAPE OF CLASSIC PERIOD COPAN
Authors: Canuto Marcello A. , Bell Ellen E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInvestigations of Classic period (a.d.400–900) settlement in the El Paraíso Valley, western Honduras, have identified a pattern of paired centers that suggests a previously unrecognized model of political organization in the Maya area. In the El Paraíso Valley, the largely contemporary, equally-sized, and proximate centers of El Cafetal and El Paraíso differ radically from one another in their spatial organization, construction techniques, architectural embellishment, use of open space, and portable material culture. Analysis of these differences suggests that El Cafetal was inhabited by an autochthonous population while El Paraíso was founded under the auspices of the Copan dynasty as an administrative outpost. We suggest that the juxtaposition of these two sites results from a regional strategy of sociopolitical integration implemented by Copan rulers that was adapted to the ethnically diverse regions along the edge of the Copan kingdom.
MEASURING THE LONG ARM OF THE STATE: TEOTIHUACAN'S RELATIONS IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO
Authors: Clayton Sarah C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe city of Teotihuacan has long been viewed as a primate center, dominating surrounding settlements in the Basin of Mexico politically and economically, but its specific relationships with subordinate polities are not well understood. In this article I consider the diverse roles that two rural settlements played in the intraregional structure of the Teotihuacan state. Specifically, I investigate differences in architecture and ceramic assemblages at Axotlan, in the Cuauhtitlan region to the west, and Cerro Portezuelo, in the Texcoco region to the south. Results of this research demonstrate that Teotihuacan's relationships with smaller settlements in the Basin of Mexico differed considerably in intensity and changed through time. This variation reflects specific administrative and economic strategies crafted by the state as well as varying degrees of political and economic autonomy among rural settlements.
THE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF CERRO PORTEZUELO
Authors: Hicks Frederic 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExcavations at the site of Cerro Portezuelo, located on the lower slopes of a hill in Chimalhuacan, State of México, were begun by George Brainerd in 1954 and continued in 1955, but he died suddenly, before a projected third season could take place. With the exception of a few small structures higher on the hill, no signs of significant structures were visible on the surface. Architectural features revealed through excavation, however, included a platform with associated caches of the Middle Classic period, a platform and a burial area of the Epiclassic period, and a residential complex that appears to have spanned the Early and Late Postclassic periods. This complex included a sunken patio, a freestanding shrine, habitational rooms, and other features. Construction materials included stone, adobe brick, and tepetate.