bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectral shift function for planar obstacle scattering at low energy
Authors: McGillivray I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet H signify the free non‐negative Laplacian on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^2$\end{document} and HY the non‐negative Dirichlet Laplacian on the complement Y of a nonpolar compact subset K in the plane. We derive the low‐energy expansion for the Krein spectral shift function (scattering phase) for the obstacle scattering system \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\left\lbrace \,H_Y\hspace*{-3.0pt},\,H\right\rbrace$\end{document} including detailed expressions for the first three coefficients. We use this to investigate the large time behaviour of the expected volume of the pinned Wiener sausage associated to K.
The distribution and relative hydrolysis of tocopheryl acetate in the different matrices coexisting in the lumen of the small intestine during digestion could explain its low bioavailability
Authors: Desmarchelier Charles , Tourniaire Franck , Prévéraud Damien P. , Samson‐Kremser Coralie , Crenon Isabelle , Rosilio Véronique , Borel Patrick 
Published: March 2013

ScopeVitamin E is present in feed and food mainly as d‐α‐tocopherol (d‐α‐TOL) but also as all‐rac‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (rac‐α‐TAC) through supplementation. Its absorption efficiency is low compared to that of triacylglycerols. The aim of this work was thus to study the fate of TAC during digestion.Methods and resultsUsing an in vitro digestion model, we showed that TAC was distributed between mixed micelles (36%), liposomes (9%), and nonsolubilized food debris (52%). A significant fraction of TAC was also found in emulsions when fat hydrolysis was not complete. Among the candidate esterases tested, i.e. cholesteryl ester hydrolase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic lipase‐related protein 2, only cholesteryl ester hydrolase was able to hydrolyze TAC to all‐rac‐α‐TOL, about five times more efficiently when it was incorporated into mixed micelles or liposomes than into emulsions or in the food matrix. Caco‐2 cells were able to hydrolyze TAC and to uptake TOL when TAC was incorporated into mixed micelles but not into emulsions.ConclusionDuring digestion, most TAC is recovered in matrices where its hydrolysis and its uptake by intestinal cells are markedly less efficient than in mixed micelles.
A validation of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) using a latent class analysis of the DSM‐IV among adolescents
Authors: Legleye Stéphane , Piontek Daniela , Kraus Ludwig , Morand Elisabeth , Falissard Bruno 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper explored the latent class structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM‐IV) (assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview). Secondly, the screening properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) in adolescents were assessed with classical test theory using the latent class structure as empirical gold standard. The sample comprised 3266 French cannabis users aged 17 to 19 from the general population. Three latent classes of cannabis users were identified reflecting a continuum of problem severity: non‐symptomatic, moderate and severe. Gender‐specific analyses showed the best model fit, although results were almost identical in the total sample. The latent classes were good predictors of daily cannabis use, number of joints per day and age of first experimentation. The CAST showed good screening properties for the moderate/severe class (area under receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.85) and very good for the severe class (0.90). It was more sensitive for boys, more specific for girls. Although structural equivalence across gender was rejected, results suggest small gender differences in the latent structure of the DSM‐IV. The performance of the CAST in screening for the latent class structure was good and superior to those obtained with the classical DSM‐IV diagnoses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of observed versus hypothesized service utilization on the incremental cost of first trimester screening and prenatal diagnosis for trisomy 21 in a Canadian province
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Currie Gillian , Johnson Jo‐Ann , Bernier Francois , Lix Lisa M. , Lyon Andrew W. , Tough Suzanne C. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this research was to determine the impact of observed versus hypothesized service utilization on the cost of first trimester screening (FTS) and prenatal diagnosis for trisomy 21 in a Canadian province.MethodsA population‐based pregnancy cohort was created by linking 12 clinical and administrative databases. Care trajectories were derived to examine utilization patterns for FTS, prenatal diagnosis, and pregnancy termination. A literature review was conducted to determine what utilization parameters were used in economic evaluations of FTS. Local cost data was applied to observed and hypothesized care trajectories.ResultsThe observed mean cost per fetus with trisomy 21 detected prenatally using FTS was $129 606.04 compared with $27 021.45 for women who did not access FTS. Observed utilization of FTS and prenatal diagnosis among screen positive women and termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 were substantially lower than hypothesized in existing cost effectiveness studies. Cost estimates were sensitive to hypothetical changes in utilization of prenatal screening, prenatal diagnosis, and pregnancy termination.ConclusionLiterature‐based estimates of the cost‐effectiveness of prenatal screening may not accurately represent current local practice due to potentially unrealistic assumptions about what proportion of women will proceed to invasive testing and ultimately terminate an affected pregnancy. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Europeanisation without the European Union? The Case of Bi‐National Marriages in Switzerland
Authors: Schroedter Julia H. , Rössel Jörg 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe study the formation of bi‐national marital unions among partners from Switzerland and the European Union (EU) 15 countries as one indicator of the Europeanisation of Swiss Society. The result of our empirical analysis shows that there is in fact no clear increase of such bi‐national marriages over time. However, there are two structural conditions fostering EU15 marriages. One is that Swiss living close to the country's border have a higher propensity to marry a person from across that border compared with other Swiss. The other is that the greater the size of the foreign population in a Swiss canton, including a larger number of EU15 nationals, the more likely is a Swiss to have a spouse from an EU15 country. These results suggest the conclusion that a rise in EU15 marriages is still to come as the number of foreigners from these countries is increasing and also border regions become more important because of a continuing rise of commuters from neighbouring countries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A remote‐controlled vascular interventional robot: system structure and image guidance
Authors: Meng Cai , Zhang Jun , Liu Da , Liu Bo , Zhou Fugen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted vascular interventional surgery (VIS) enables the surgeon to teleoperate a catheter in a safe cabinet, such that exposure to X‐ray radiation is reduced. For safe and accurate teleoperation, system structure and image guidance is important.MethodsThe system structure of the developed remote‐controlled vascular interventional robot (RVIR) and its image guidance system (IGS) are introduced. RVIR is based on a master–slave structure. Key technologies of IGS are addressed, including C‐arm calibration, distortion correction, catheter localization and 3D vasculature reconstruction.ResultsExperiments show that the RMS error of distortion correction is 0.35 pixels, and 0.53 mm for distance reconstruction. The error in catheter localization between the IGS and the encoders is small. In vitro and in vivo tests verified the feasibility of RVIR.ConclusionsExperiments indicate that the RVIR is feasible and valid to help the surgeon perform VIS remotely; the function and reconstruction accuracy of IGS can satisfy the surgeon's requirement to guide the RVIR. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrative analysis of multiple cancer genomic datasets under the heterogeneity model
Authors: Liu Jin , Huang Jian , Ma Shuangge 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the analysis of cancer studies with high‐dimensional genomic measurements, integrative analysis provides an effective way of pooling information across multiple heterogeneous datasets. The genomic basis of multiple independent datasets, which can be characterized by the sets of genomic markers, can be described using the homogeneity model or heterogeneity model. Under the homogeneity model, all datasets share the same set of markers associated with responses. In contrast, under the heterogeneity model, different studies have overlapping but possibly different sets of markers. The heterogeneity model contains the homogeneity model as a special case and can be much more flexible. Marker selection under the heterogeneity model calls for bi‐level selection to determine whether a covariate is associated with response in any study at all as well as in which studies it is associated with responses. In this study, we consider two minimax concave penalty‐based penalization approaches for marker selection under the heterogeneity model. For each approach, we describe its rationale and an effective computational algorithm. We conduct simulations to investigate their performance and compare with the existing alternatives. We also apply the proposed approaches to the analysis of gene expression data on multiple cancers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicide in men with cancer: recognising and responding to the warning signs
Authors: Kelly Claire M. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMen are at far greater risk of dying by suicide than are women, but are less likely to seek help. With adequate knowledge of relevant risk factors and warning signs, coupled with basic skills in suicide intervention and knowledge of appropriate referral pathways, practitioners in men's health are ideally placed to reduce the risk of suicide in this vulnerable population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Management of bone toxicity in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Davies Joanna , Aggarwal Ajay , Payne Heather 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this new series, the authors present cases of men being treated with androgen deprivation therapy, and highlight their management to prevent and treat associated toxicities. The first article in this series will consider the potential bone toxicity of luteinising hormone‐releasing hormone agonists. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Live kidney donation: what are our ethical responsibilities?
Authors: Wadhwa Karan , Kayes Oliver 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLive kidney donation is becoming increasingly common as the need for donors is unmet from the deceased donor population. However, there are potential risks to the donor, and careful counselling and rigorous pretransplant assessment are imperative. The authors discuss the ethical implications associated with live organ donation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Cost–Utility Estimations of Palliative Care in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ljungman David , Hyltander Anders , Lundholm Kent 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe earlier reported cost–utility estimates in patients who undergo resection aimed at cure for pancreatic carcinoma. The present study describes similar information on patients with unresectable tumors who experienced palliative care only.MethodsA population‐based cohort of patients with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma during 1998–2005 was evaluated retrospectively (n = 444). Total direct health care costs at departments of surgery and oncology, for primary health care, and at hospice were achieved. Self‐estimated health‐related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed by the SF‐36. A single preference‐based utility index, SF‐6D, was derived from SF‐36 items to estimate quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Results were compared to similar findings in a previously reported group of patients with pancreatic carcinoma resected for cure (n = 31).ResultsPalliative care patients (n = 305) had impaired HRQL particularly related to physical domains. The mean preference‐based health utility index at diagnosis was 0.65 ± 0.02 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.69] compared to 0.77 ± 0.02 (95 % CI 0.75–0.79) in healthy reference individuals. Total direct health care costs were 50 % in patients on palliative care compared to costs for surgical R0 resections (23,701 and 50,950€, respectively). QALYs for 1 year from diagnosis were 0.2 (95 % CI 0.17–0.23) in patients on palliative care and 0.48 (95 % CI 0.44–0.54) in resection patients. Costs per QALY were 118,418€ and 106,146€, respectively (95 % CI 103,048–139,418€ and 94,352–115,795€).ConclusionsOptimized palliative care of patients with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma had costs per achieved utility similar to those for surgical resections aimed at cure.
Injections during labor and intrapartum‐related hypoxic injury and mortality in rural southern Nepal
Authors: Mullany Luke C. , Khatry Subarna K. , Katz Joanne , Stanton Cynthia K. , Lee Anne C.C. , Darmstadt Gary L. , LeClerq Steven C. , Tielsch James M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association between unmonitored use of injections during labor and intrapartum‐related neonatal mortality and morbidity among home births.MethodsRecently delivered women in Sarlahi, Nepal, reported whether they had received injections during labor. Data on breathing and crying status at birth, time to first breath, respiratory rate, sucking ability, and lethargy were gathered. Neonatal respiratory depression (NRD) and encephalopathy (NE) were compared by injection receipt status using multivariate regression models.ResultsInjections during labor were frequently reported (7108 of 22 352 [31.8%]) and were predominantly given by unqualified village “doctors.” Multivariate analysis (excluding facility births and complicated deliveries) revealed associations with intrapartum‐related NRD (relative risk [RR] 2.52; 95% CI, 2.29–2.78) and NE (RR 3.48; 95% CI, 2.46–4.93). The risks of neonatal death associated with intrapartum‐related NRD (RR 3.78; 95% CI, 2.53–5.66) or NE (RR 4.47; 95% CI, 2.78–7.19) were also elevated.ConclusionInjection during labor was widespread at the community level. This practice was associated with poor outcomes and possibly related to the inappropriate use of uterotonics by unqualified providers. Interventions are required to increase the safety of childbirth in the community and in peripheral health facilities.Parent trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00 109616).
Prevalence and prognosis of patients with lone and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias showing Brugada‐type electrocardiograms after class IC antiarrhythmic drug administration but no risk‐stratifying factors
Authors: Abe Atsuko , Fujino Tadashi , Fukunaga Shunji , Yuzawa Hitomi , Sato Hideyuki , Suzuki Takeya , Kobayashi Kenzaburo , Okano Yoshifumi , Nakamura Kentaro , Yusu Satoru , Yoshino Hideaki , Ashihara Takashi , Nakazawa Kazuo , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundClass IC antiarrhythmic drugs, used to prevent paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs), are well known to effectively unmask the electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern of Brugada syndrome. We used these drugs to investigate the prevalence and prognosis of patients with lone and paroxysmal ATs and Brugada‐type ECGs.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 702 consecutive patients who were given class IC antiarrhythmic drugs (pilsicainide or propafenone) to inhibit paroxysmal ATs. We analyzed 12‐lead ECGs before and after drug administration using a computerized ECG system. A Brugada‐type ECG was defined as a coved pattern of ST segment elevation (>0.2 mV) in leads V1−V2. No patients had risk‐stratifying factors of the syndrome. Forty‐four patients (6.3%) had significant ST‐segment elevation in leads V1−V2 after drug administration. Among these patients, a coved ECG pattern was observed in 10 (1.4%). The use of pilsicainide (n=9) was significantly (P=0.02) greater than that of propafenone (n=1). During the follow‐up period of 85±19 months, none of the 10 patients had ventricular tachyarrhythmias.ConclusionsManifestation of Brugada‐type ECGs by class IC antiarrhythmic drugs is neither rare nor serious in patients with lone and paroxysmal ATs but without risk‐stratifying factors for the syndrome.
Genetic basis of Brugada syndrome
Authors: Horie Minoru , Ohno Seiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBrugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with the familial sudden death syndrome, and more than 10 genes have been reported as causative for or modifiers of BrS. All gene mutations are related to functional changes of inward sodium or calcium currents or outward potassium currents. SCN5A was the first gene known to be associated with BrS; it encodes the α‐subunit of the cardiac sodium channel. Approximately 20% of BrS patients in genotyped cases were found to carry SCN5A mutations. The frequency for other BrS‐associated gene mutations is so low that genotype–phenotype correlations for these genes have not been studied to the same extent as SCN5A‐related BrS. In some families with SCN5A mutations, the penetrance of the mutations is low, and pathophysiological changes in the right ventricular outflow tract were reported in patients with SCN5A mutations. Furthermore, the phenotypes of SCN5A‐related BrS can overlap with other phenotypes, including long QT and sick sinus syndrome, thereby suggesting that SCN5A mutations might be modifiers for BrS, but they do not direct cause BrS. Here, we summarize the genetic background of BrS, with a particular focus on recent progress in this field.
Clinical features of Brugada syndrome
Authors: Shimizu Wataru 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBrugada syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by type‐1 (coved) ST‐segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiographic leads (V1–V3) and an aborted sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the absence of structural heart disease. Since 1992, when Brugada and Brugada reported the first case, numerous studies across the world have characterized the clinical, electrocardiographic, electrophysiologic, and prognostic features of Brugada syndrome. Several multicenter studies also suggested the natural history and proposed the risk stratification for subsequent cardiac events. In this review article, the clinical features of Brugada syndrome will be updated.
Electromyography and Anticoagulation
Authors: Gertken J.T. , Patel Atul T. , Boon Andrea J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeedle electromyography (EMG) is a common and safe diagnostic procedure. Although there are no absolute contraindications to performing an EMG, medically induced coagulopathy represents a relative contraindication. The purpose of this article is to discuss EMG safety for patients taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, and to review the current literature regarding bleeding risks. Safety measures used to avoid serious bleeding complications are also discussed.
Electrical Safety in Electrodiagnostic Medicine
Authors: Pease William S. , Grove Sarah L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEnhancing safety during procedures is one of our primary professional obligations to our patients. The vigilant application of basic principles allows electrodiagnostic medicine consultants to maintain a safe environment for both patients and office staff. Use of a nerve stimulator in close proximity to the path of wires or catheters that enter the heart or great vessels should be avoided; a separation of at least 15 cm (6 in) is recommended. Other testing of nerves in the limbs can be performed safely, particularly in patients with modern bipolar pacemakers and even with cardiac defibrillation devices in place. Current must never have a path to flow through the torso. Proper grounding of electrodiagnostic equipment should be ensured, and both the instruments and the wall plugs should be tested periodically. In addition, adherence to the proper stimulation intensity and avoidance of overstimulation is important not only for safety but also because it improves measurement accuracy and patient comfort.
Regulating the 1918–19 Pandemic: Flu, Stoicism and the Northcliffe Press
Authors: Honigsbaum Mark 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSocial historians have argued that the reason the 1918–19 ‘Spanish’ influenza left so few traces in public memory is that it was ‘overshadowed’ by the First World War, hence its historiographical characterisation as the ‘forgotten’ pandemic. This paper argues that such an approach tends to overlook the crucial role played by wartime propaganda. Instead, I put emotion words, emotives and metaphors at the heart of my analysis in an attempt to understand the interplay between propaganda and biopolitical discourses that aimed to regulate civilian responses to the pandemic. Drawing on the letters of Wilfred Owen, the diaries of the cultural historian Caroline Playne and the reporting in the Northcliffe press, I argue that the stoicism exhibited by Owen and amplified in the columns ofThe Timesand theDaily Mailis best viewed as a performance, an emotional style that reflected the politicisation of ‘dread’ in war as an emotion with the potential to undermine civilian morale. This was especially the case during the final year of the conflict when war-weariness set in, leading to the stricter policing of negative emotions. As a protean disease that could present as alternately benign and plague-like, the Spanish flu both drew on these discourses and subverted them, disrupting medical efforts to use the dread of foreign pathogens as an instrument of biopower. The result was that, as dread increasingly became attached to influenza, it destabilised medical attempts to regulate the civilian response to the pandemic, undermining Owen’s and the Northcliffe press’s emotives of stoicism.
Indian Hospitals and Government in the Colonial Andes
Authors: Ramos Gabriela 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the reception of the early modern hospital among the indigenous people of the Andes under Spanish colonial rule. During the period covered by this study (sixteenth to mid-eighteenth centuries), the hospital was conceived primarily as a manifestation of the sovereign’s paternalistic concern for his subjects’ spiritual well being. Hospitals in the Spanish American colonies were organised along racial lines, and those catering to Indians were meant to complement the missionary endeavour. Besides establishing hospitals in the main urban centres, Spanish colonial legislation instituted hospitals for Indians in provincial towns and in small rural jurisdictions throughout the Peruvian viceroyalty. Indian hospitals often met with the suspicion and even hostility of their supposed beneficiaries, especially indigenous rulers. By conceptualising the Indian hospital as a tool of colonial government, this article investigates the reasons behind its negative reception, the work of adaptation that allowed a few of them to thrive, and the eventual failure of most of these institutions.
What Is Half a Neutrino? Reviewing Cosmological Constraints on Neutrinos and Dark Radiation
Authors: Riemer-Sørensen S. , Parkinson D. , Davis T. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeutrinos are one of the major puzzles in modern physics. Despite measurements of mass differences, the Standard Model of particle physics describes them as exactly massless. Additionally, recent measurements from both particle physics experiments and cosmology indicate the existence of more than the three Standard Model species. Here, we review the cosmological evidence and its possible interpretations.