bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade Effect of a Dimerized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimer
Authors: Zhao Guimin , Lv Shuai , Lou Yuheng , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming , Duan Lian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with a high horizontal orientation are highly essential for improving the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of organic light‐emitting diodes; however, pivotal molecular design strategies to improve the horizontal orientation of solution‐processable TADF emitters are still scarce and challenging. Herein, a phenyl bridge is adopted to connect the double TADF units, and generate a dimerized TADF dendrimer, D4CzBNPh‐SF. Compared to its counterpart with a single TADF unit, the proof‐of‐the‐concept molecule not only exhibits an improved horizontal dipole ratio (78 %) due to the π‐delocalization‐induced extended molecular conjugation, but also displays a faster reversed intersystem crossing rate constant (6.08×106 s−1) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 95 % in neat film. Consequently, the non‐doped solution‐processed device with D4CzBNPh‐SF as the emitter achieves an ultra‐high maximum EQE of 32.6 %, which remains at 26.6 % under a luminance of 1000 cd/m2. Furthermore, when using D4CzBNPh‐SF as a sensitizer, the TADF‐sensitized fluorescence device exhibits a high maximum EQE of 30.7 % at a luminance of 575 cd/m2 and a full width at half maximum of 36 nm.
Surficial Homogenic Effect Enables Highly Stable Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Yu‐Han , Xia Yu , Chen Chun‐Hao , Jin Run‐Jun , Nar Aleyna , Chen Jing , Li Nan , Wang Kai‐Li , Yavuz Ilhan , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe device performance of deep‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is primarily constrained by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) especially poor operational stability. Herein, we develop a facile strategy to improve deep‐blue emission through rational interface engineering. We innovatively reported the novel electron transport material, 4,6‐Tris(4‐(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (P‐POT2T), and utilized a sequential wet‐dry deposition method to form the homogenic gradient interface between electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite surface. Unlike previous reports that achieved carrier injection balance by inserting new interlayers, our strategy not only passivated uncoordinated Pb2+ in the perovskite via P=O functional groups but also reduced interfacial carrier recombination without introducing new interfaces. Additionally, this strategy enhanced the interface contact between the perovskite and ETL, significantly boosting device stability. Consequently, the fabricated deep‐blue PeLEDs delivered an EQE exceeding 5 % (@ 460 nm) with an exceptional halftime extended to 31.3 minutes. This straightforward approach offers a new strategy to realize highly efficient especially stable PeLEDs.
One‐Pot Catalytic Cascade for the Depolymerization of the Lignin β‐O‐4 Motif to Non‐phenolic Dealkylated Aromatics
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Guo Ge , Yang Huaizhou , Csechala Lina , Wang Zhiwen , Cziegler Clemens , Zijlstra Douwe S. , Lahive Ciaran W. , Zhang Xiangping , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Deuss Peter J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAromatic monomers obtained by selective depolymerization of the lignin β‐O‐4 motif are typically phenolic and contain (oxygenated) alkyl substitutions. This work reveals the potential of a one‐pot catalytic lignin β‐O‐4 depolymerization cascade strategy that yields a uniform set of methoxylated aromatics without alkyl side‐chains. This cascade consists of the selective acceptorless dehydrogenation of the γ‐hydroxy group, a subsequent retro‐aldol reaction that cleaves the Cα−Cβ bond, followed by in situ acceptorless decarbonylation of the formed aldehydes. This three‐step cascade reaction, catalyzed by an iridium(I)‐BINAP complex, resulted in 75 % selectivity for 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene from G‐type lignin dimers, alongside syngas (CO : H2≈1.4 : 1). Applying this method to a synthetic G‐type polymer, 11 wt % 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene was obtained. This versatile compound can be easily transformed into 3,4‐dimethoxyphenol, a valuable precursor for pharmaceutical synthesis, through an enzymatic catalytic approach. Moreover, the hydrodeoxygenation potential of 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene offers a pathway to produce valuable cyclohexane or benzene derivatives, presenting enticing opportunities for sustainable chemical transformations without the necessity for phenolic mixture upgrading via dealkylation.
New Flavan Derivatives from the Leaves and Stems of Cassia Nodosa
Authors: Sun Qiong‐Hui , Yu Li‐Mei , Yan Wen , Cheng Hao , Zhan Rui , Chen Ye‐Gao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree new flavan derivatives including two methylene‐linked flavan‐3‐ol dimers, bis(8‐epiafzelechinyl)methane (1), and 8,8‐(epiafzelechin‐afzelechin)methane (2), a flavan‐3‐ol monomer, (−)‐3‐O‐acetyl‐epiafzelechin (3) and four known related compounds (4–7) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Cassia nodosa. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and CD data. The isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant, α‐glucosidase inhibitory, cytotoxic and neuroinflammatory activities, and compound 3 exhibited remarkable radical scavenging activities in both the DPPH and ABTS models with IC50 values of 2.65±1.25, and 4.78±0.91 μg/mL, respectively.
Sequential H/D Exchanges Resulting from Rollover‐Cyclometallation during Photoirradiation of Rhodium(III) Complex in Methanol‐d4
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Hattori Shingo , Shinozaki Kazuteru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present the photoreaction of newly prepared bis(6,6’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine)(oxalato)rhodium(III) ([Rh(N N)2(ox)]+) in CD3OD. Photoirradiation of this complex causes the dissociation of ox, followed by the formation of the unprecedented Rh(III) complex with Rh−H and Rh−C σ bonds, [Rh(N N)(C N)(H)(CD3OD)]+ (C N=[6,6’‐dimethyl‐2,2’‐bipyridine]‐3‐yl‐κC3,κN1’). This hydride formation and cyclometallation spontaneously proceed owing to the conflict between the steric hindrance arising from the methyl groups of N N and the driving force for the structural change due to [Rh(N N)2]+ formation. Although [Rh(N N)(C N)(H)(CD3OD)]+ is initially converted to [Rh(N N)2]+ by photoirradiation, it is immediately regenerated by the rollover cyclometallation of the [Rh(N N)2]+ complex. [Rh(N N)(C N)(H)(CD3OD)]+ undergoes H/D exchange for the H atoms in the Rh−H bond and at the 3, 3’‐positions of the N N ligand during the photoirradiation. DFT calculations predict with reasonable certainty the spontaneous structural change of [Rh(N N)2]+ to [Rh(N N)(C N)(H)(CD3OD)]+ and the subsequent photodriven Rh−C bond rupture leading to the formation of [Rh(N N)2]+ accompanied by H/D exchange reactions.
Inverse Class‐E power amplifier with broadband capability at different switch‐off duty ratio
Authors: Sheikhi Akram , Hemesi Hossein , Grebennikov Andrei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper explores the investigation of an inverse Class‐E amplifier featuring a series output filter across various switch‐off duty ratios D. Analysis of different duty ratios as a design parameter reveals their impact on peak switch voltage, output power capability, and maximum operating frequency. Notably, it is demonstrated that adjusting the D ratio affects these parameters, with specific emphasis on achieving a maximum normalized switch voltage lower than 2 and an output power capability exceeding 0.1 for D = 0.7. Furthermore, the paper considers both parasitic shunt capacitance and series inductor in the load network, a departure from previous works that solely focused on the series inductor. The proposed circuit is highlighted for its ease of implementation compared with conventional reactance compensation circuits employing parallel resonant circuits, which are challenging to form directly. An innovative approach is introduced to showcase the broadband performance of the inverse Class‐E amplifier. The measured drain efficiency and output power versus input power at 430 MHz are 82% and 45.3 dBm, respectively. A similar performance can be achieved within the frequency range of 380–600 MHz by proper tuning at saturated power. The measurement results demonstrate a maximum high power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 79% and drain efficiency of 82% within this frequency range, accompanied by a gain exceeding 12.0 dB and output power surpassing 44 dBm.
A novel wide‐range voltage gain bidirectional DC‐DC converter for electric vehicles
Authors: Wen Ziqiang , Wang Faqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel non‐isolated bidirectional dc‐dc converter (NBDC) is proposed. Compared with other topologies proposed recently, the proposed converter has the advantages of high voltage gain, wide voltage range, and common ground, which is suitable for the application of electric vehicles (EVs). The operating principle, steady‐state analysis, performance comparison, and the small signal modeling of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Finally, a 265‐W prototype is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter. The experimental results well confirm the corresponding theoretical analysis, and the prototype has a peak efficiency of 92.81% and 93.61% in step‐up mode and step‐down mode, respectively.
A novel seven‐level inverter with high gain and reducing spike current capabilities
Authors: Anand Ravi , Mandal Rajib Kumar , Choudhary Ankita 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis paper describes a novel seven‐level (7L) inverter. The suggested topology offers a 7L output voltage and a threefold gain by using proper capacitor values. The suggested topology reduces the spike current induced by the capacitor by the use of a resonant inductor. The suggested inverter's performance under various loads and situations is compared with those found in existing literature. The simulation findings confirm the system's strong performance in terms of component count, control circuit simplicity, and possible cost reductions, while retaining similar or enhanced performance metrics as compared with the aforementioned topologies. A laboratory setup is used to validate the feasibility of the suggested topology and provide solid evidence of its effectiveness. Furthermore, discussions about the possible uses of this structure in energy conversion are conducted.
Diagnostic performance of light reflex pupillometry in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gramkow Mathias Holsey , Clemmensen Frederikke Kragh , Sjælland Nikolai Sulkjær , Waldemar Gunhild , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Frederiksen Kristian Steen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEasily applied diagnostic tools such as digital biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are urgently needed due to the recent approval of disease‐modifying therapies. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of hand‐held, quantitative light reflex pupillometry (qLRP) in patients with AD in a proof‐of‐concept, cross‐sectional study. Participants underwent qLRP at a university memory clinic from August 2022 to October 2023. We fitted multivariable logistic regression models with qLRP, sex, and age as predictors evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). In total, 107 patients with AD, 44 patients with mixed AD and vascular cognitive dysfunction (VCD), 53 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Our diagnostic models showed similar discriminatory ability (AUROC range 0.74‐0.81) when distinguishing patients with AD from HCs and other dementias. The qLRP seems promising as a bedside digital biomarker to aid in diagnosing AD.Highlights
We demonstrated the diagnostic performance of qLRP in Alzheimer's disease.
The diagnostic models were robust in sensitivity analyses.
qLRP may assist in the bedside diagnostic evaluation of Alzheimer's disease.
Range dynamics of Anopheles mosquitoes in Africa suggest a significant increase in the malaria transmission risk
Authors: Nie Peixiao , He Chunyan , Feng Jianmeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite a more than 100‐year effort to combat malaria, it remains one of the most malignant infectious diseases globally, especially in Africa. Malaria is transmitted by several Anopheles mosquitoes. However, until now few studies have investigated future range dynamics of major An. mosquitoes in Africa through a unified scheme. Through a unified scheme, we developed 21 species distribution models to predict the range dynamics of 21 major An. species in Africa under future scenarios and also examined their overall range dynamic patterns mainly through suitability overlap index and range overlap index. Although future range dynamics varied substantially among the 21 An. species, we predicted large future range expansions for all 21 An. species, and increases in suitability overlap index were detected in more than 90% of the African continent for all future scenarios. Additionally, we predicted high range overlap index in West Africa, East Africa, South Sudan, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo under future scenarios. Although the relative impacts of land use, topography and climate variables on the range dynamics depended on species and spatial scale, climate played the strongest roles in the range dynamics of most species. Africa might face an increasing risk of malaria transmissions in the future, and better strategies are required to address this problem. Mitigating climate change and human disturbance of natural ecosystems might be essential to reduce the proliferation of An. species and the risk of malaria transmissions in Africa in the future. Our strategies against their impacts should be species‐specific.
Direct and indirect cumulative effects of temperature, nutrients, and light on phytoplankton growth
Authors: Heinrichs Anna Lena , Hardorp Onja Johannes , Hillebrand Helmut , Schott Toni , Striebel Maren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTemperature and resource availability are pivotal factors influencing phytoplankton community structures. Numerous prior studies demonstrated their significant influence on phytoplankton stoichiometry, cell size, and growth rates. The growth rate, serving as a reflection of an organism's success within its environment, is linked to stoichiometry and cell size. Consequently, alterations in abiotic conditions affecting cell size or stoichiometry also exert indirect effects on growth. However, such results have their limitations, as most studies used a limited number of factors and factor levels which gives us limited insights into how phytoplankton respond to environmental conditions, directly and indirectly. Here, we tested for the generality of patterns found in other studies, using a combined multiple‐factor gradient design and two single species with different size characteristics. We used a structural equation model (SEM) that allowed us to investigate the direct cumulative effects of temperature and resource availability (i.e., light, N and P) on phytoplankton growth, as well as their indirect effects on growth through changes in cell size and cell stoichiometry. Our results mostly support the results reported in previous research thus some effects can be identified as dominant effects. We identified rising temperature as the dominant driver for cell size reduction and increase in growth, and nutrient availability (i.e., N and P) as dominant factor for changes in cellular stoichiometry. However, indirect effects of temperature and resources (i.e., light and nutrients) on species' growth rates through cell size and cell stoichiometry differed across the two species suggesting different strategies to acclimate to its environment.
Negative interest rate policy and bank risk‐taking: Search for yield or de‐leverage?
Authors: Tang Wenjin , Chen Weichang , Ma Xiaorui , Fu Chengbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2012, many central banks have implemented negative interest rate policies (NIRPs). While two opposing hypotheses about the effectiveness of NIRPs have emerged in the academic: the “de‐leverage effect” and the “search‐for‐yield effect.” The long‐term use of NIRPs provides a rare and important setting to re‐examine the relationship between interest rates and bank risk‐taking. We conduct an empirical analysis by using commercial banks' data from 2007 to 2020 for 23 countries (19 eurozone countries plus Japan, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland), which had adopted NIRPs. It indicates that 1% reduction in the policy rate would reduce bank risk‐taking by 4.9%. This result is stronger after the NIRPs implemented. Our results support the “de‐leverage effect” under NIRPs. We next show that the “de‐leverage effect” is greater for banks with more diversified income, smaller size or under more competitive environment. The findings help to make the debates around NIRPs effectiveness clearer as well as support for the central banks to make more effective monetary policy decisions in different economic situations.
Laboratory profiling of patients with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon region: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Galúcio Vanessa Costa Alves , de Menezes Daniel Carvalho , Chaves Elem Cristina Rodrigues , van den Berg Ana Virgínia Soares , de Lima Patrícia Danielle Lima , da Costa Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Falcão Luiz Fábio Magno 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe condition commonly referred to as long coronavirus disease (COVID) is characterized by the continuation of symptoms, sometimes accompanied by new symptoms that persist after the resolution of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This observational cross‐sectional study investigated 332 patients with long COVID in the Brazilian Amazon region. The study aimed to elucidate the systemic interactions associated with long COVID by compiling the findings related to hematological, coagulation, immunological, metabolic, hepatic, renal, and muscular profiles. Participants with long COVID were identified using rigorous criteria and underwent thorough laboratory examinations. The obtained data were subsequently analyzed, allowing for comparisons, associations, and correlations between findings within distinct groups in the study. Significant associations were observed between hospitalization during the acute phase and persistent laboratory abnormalities, suggesting a potential link between acute severity and long‐term effects. Notably, individuals with long COVID for over a year exhibited elevated levels of monocytes, prolonged prothrombin times, reduced prothrombin activity, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and an increased frequency of qualitative C‐reactive protein detection. This study provides valuable insights into the laboratory risk profile of patients with long COVID, particularly in the unique context of the Amazon region, where patients exhibit persistent symptoms lasting up to 1261 days.
Enteral adequacy of the diet of low‐birth‐weight preterm newborns: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mendes Thayanne Gurgel de Medeiros , Nunes Amanda Caroline Pereira , Carvalho Ana Verônica Dantas de , Camargo Juliana Dantas de Araújo Santos , Dametto Juliana Fernandes dos Santos , Lopes Márcia Marília Gomes Dantas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the dietary adequacy of full enteral feeding in preterm newborns (PTNB) and its relationship with birth weight (BW) during the period of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study whose population were babies born at less than 37 gestational weeks and weighing less than 2500 g, admitted to a NICU. PTNB were monitored regarding their dietary evolution, considering parenteral and enteral nutrition and adequacy of diet supply in terms of volume, energy, and protein. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used, considering p < 0.05 as significant.ResultsA total of 76 PTNB were included. The mean time of using parenteral nutrition was 14 days. The mean time to reach the full enteral feeding for nutrition (FEF‐N) was 29 days. However, half of the PTNB reached nutritional recommendations after this means. The time to achieve FEF‐N was influenced by BW. Additionally, BW significantly influenced the length of stay in the NICU (p < 0.001). When reaching the recommended full enteral feeding for hydration (FEF‐H), 60% of the sample was unable to reach the recommended energy and protein intake.ConclusionsBW influenced the time needed to reach the FEF‐H and FEF‐N. The lower the BW, the longer it took to achieve dietary adequacy. Despite achieving the FEF‐H, most premature babies did not reach the necessary energy and protein intake at the appropriate time.
Enhanced Drug Delivery with Oil‐in‐Water Nanoemulsions: Stability and Sustained Release of Doxorubicin
Authors: Hwang Juyoung , Park Ji Yeong , Kang Jio , Oh Nuri , Li Chen , Yoo Chung‐Yul , Um Wooram , Kwak Minseok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, oil‐in‐water nanoemulsions are prepared, an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactants. The nanoemulsions exhibit stable structures and are capable of efficiently encapsulating hydrophobic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox). Compared to polymeric micelles, nanoemulsions demonstrate enhanced stability and loading capacity for Dox. Furthermore, nanoemulsions release Dox steadily over 14 days, with 51.6% released within the initial 24 h and up to 80% over the subsequent period. These properties suggest that nanoemulsions can mitigate the side effects related to the burst release of Dox, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and safety. Additionally, nanoemulsion‐treated cardiomyocytes show increased viability compared to those treated with free Dox, indicating the potential of nanoemulsions to alleviate Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Overall, nanoemulsions hold promise as versatile and efficient drug carriers for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Isoliquiritigenin Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease via Oxidative Stress and the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Yang Jia , Chang Xinyue , Xue Yuan , Liu Gaohong , Zhang Tingting , Chen Weihao , Fan Weiping , Tian Jihua , Ren Xiaojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary factor that causes chronic kidney disease and causes increasing mortality and morbidity due to its severe consequences. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is the primary element of licorice root that is physiologically active and has antifree radical, antioxidation, and antiapoptotic properties. However, the effect of ISL on DKD is still unclear and needs to be further improved. This study aims to evaluate the renoprotective effects of ISL on diabetes‐induced renal injury and explores the underlying mechanisms involved. Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a high‐fat diet and then injected with streptozotocin for 2 consecutive days to establish a diabetic model, and high‐glucose‐treated NRK‐52E cells are used to investigate the renoprotective effects of ISL in DKD. The results show that ISL significantly preserves renal function and architecture in DKD. ISL suppresses oxidative stress and reduces ROS levels, inhibiting the activation of the NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome and the occurrence of pyroptosis. Moreover, the study finds that ISL can inhibit the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, the study confirms the inhibitory effect of ISL on the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. These observations demonstrate that the natural flavonoid compound ISL can be a promising agent for the treatment of DKD.