bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic nanoparticle-based treatment approaches for colorectal cancer: recent advancements and challenges
Authors: Narayana Soumya , Gowda B.H. Jaswanth , Hani Umme , Shimu Sharmin Sultana , Paul Karthika , Das Avinaba , Ashique Sumel , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar , Tarighat Maryam Abbasi , Abdi Gholamreza 
Published: July 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer, the third most prevalent cancer globally, contributes significantly to mortality rates, with over 1.9 million reported cases and nearly 935,000 fatalities annually. Surgical resection is a primary approach for localized colorectal tumors, with adjunct therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted/immunotherapy considered depending on the tumor stage. However, despite preferences for targeted and immunotherapy post-surgery, chemotherapy remains commonly chosen due to its lower cost and high cancer-killing efficiency. Yet, chemotherapy faces issues such as tumor resistance and severe side effects. Nanotechnology has emerged in cancer therapy by alleviating the drawbacks of current treatment approaches. In the past few decades, inorganic nanoparticles have shown promise in combating colorectal cancer, offering advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Compared to organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles exhibit properties like photosensitivity, conductivity, magnetic allure, and thermal proficiency, allowing them to function as both drug carriers and therapeutic agents. Derived primarily from carbon, silica, metals, and metal oxides, they offer superior drug-loading capacity, heightened quantum yield, and participation in advanced photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer and the pivotal role of inorganic nanoparticles in photothermal therapy photodynamic therapy, and drug delivery. Additionally, it discusses numerous inorganic nanoparticles in colorectal cancer therapy based on recent literature.
Graphical abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy of sequential TACE, camrelizumab, and apatinib for single huge hepatocellular carcinoma (NEO-START): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hao Yun , Xie Fei , Zhou Yongjie , Li Chuan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Shen Junyi , Yao Minghong , Sun Xin , Zhou Jin , Wen Tianfu , Peng Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The high recurrence rate after liver resection emphasizes the urgent need for neoadjuvant therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to enhance the overall prognosis for patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, camrelizumab combined with an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) apatinib, have emerged as a first-line treatment option for patients with unresectable HCC, yet its neoadjuvant application in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of sequential TACE, camrelizumab, and apatinib as a neoadjuvant therapy for single, huge HCC.

Methods
This multi-center, open-label randomized phase 3 trial will be conducted at 7 tertiary hospitals. Patients with single huge (≥ 10 cm in diameter), resectable HCC will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to arm of surgery alone or arm of neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. In the neoadjuvant therapy group, patients will receive TACE within 1 week after randomization, followed by camrelizumab (200 mg q2w, 4 cycles), along with apatinib (250 mg qd, 2 months). Patients will receive liver resection after neoadjuvant therapy unless the disease is assessed as progressive. The primary outcome is recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 1 year. The planned sample size of 60 patients will be calculated to permit the accumulation of sufficient RFS events in 1 year to achieve 80% power for the RFS primary endpoint.

Discussion
Synergistic effects provided by multimodality therapy of locoregional treatment, TKI, and anti-programmed cell death 1 inhibitor significantly improved overall survival for patients with unresectable HCC. Our trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of the triple combination of TACE, camrelizumab, and apatinib as a neoadjuvant strategy for huge, resectable HCC.

Trial registration
www.chitr.org.cn ChiCTR2300078086. Registered on November 28, 2023. Start recruitment: 1st January 2024. Expected completion of recruitment: 15th June 2025.
Unveiling the presence and genotypic diversity of Giardia duodenalis on large-scale sheep farms: insights from the Henan and Ningxia Regions, China
Authors: Zhao Qianming , Ning Xiaodong , Yue Zhiguang , Jian Fuchun , Li Dongliang , Lang Jiashu , Lu Shunli , Ning Changshen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The parasitic protozoan Giardia duodenalis is an important cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals that can be spread by fecal–oral transmission through water and the environment, posing a challenge to public health and animal husbandry. Little is known about its impact on large-scale sheep farms in China. In this study we investigated G. duodenalis infection of sheep and contamination of the environment in large-scale sheep farms in two regions of China, Henan and Ningxia.

Methods
A total of 528 fecal samples, 402 environmental samples and 30 water samples were collected from seven large-scale sheep farms, and 88 fecal samples and 13 environmental samples were collected from 12 backyard farms. The presence of G. duodenalis was detected by targeting the β-giardin (bg) gene, and the assemblage and multilocus genotype of G. duodenalis were investigated by analyzing three genes: bg, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triphosphate isomerase (tpi).

Results
The overall G. duodenalis detection rate was 7.8%, 1.4% and 23.3% in fecal, environmental and water samples, respectively. On the large-scale sheep farms tested, the infection rate of sheep in Henan (13.8%) was found to be significantly higher than that of sheep in Ningxia (4.2%) (P < 0.05). However, the difference between the rates of environmental pollution in Henan (1.9%) and Ningxia (1.0%) was not significant (P > 0.05). Investigations of sheep at different physiological stages revealed that late pregnancy ewes showed the lowest infection rate (1.7%) and that young lambs exhibited the highest (18.8%). Genetic analysis identified G. duodenalis belonging to two assemblages, A and E, with assemblage E being dominant. A total of 27 multilocus genotypes were identified for members of assemblage E.

Conclusions
The results suggest that G. duodenalis is prevalent on large-scale sheep farms in Henan and Ningxia, China, and that there is a risk of environmental contamination. This study is the first comprehensive examination of the presence of G. duodenalis on large-scale sheep farms in China. Challenges posed by G. duodenalis to sheep farms need to be addressed proactively to ensure public health safety.

Graphical Abstract
The hybrid operation based on microsurgery assisted by intraoperative spinal angiography in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a series of 45 cases from multicenter research
Authors: Sun Xiaorong , Yu Li , Jia Wenqing , Dai Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the clinical effects of hybrid surgery, which includes spinal angiography-assisted microsurgery, in the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients who underwent hybrid Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) resection between September 2019 and June 2022. The hybrid surgery involved intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the spinal vessels to determine the source of the blood-supplying artery, location of the fistula and draining vein, indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG)-assisted microsurgical resection of the fistula, and postoperative DSA to verify therapeutic efficacy. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Barthel score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and modified Aminoff-Logue score (key indicator) were used to assess the clinical effects of SDAVF resection.

Results
A series of 45 patients with SDAVF were successfully treated with hybrid surgery without fistula recurrence. There were no intraoperative complications related to spinal angiography, and none of the patients died. Postoperatively, two patients experienced clinical deterioration of spinal cord function, which manifested as bilateral lower extremity paralysis and bladder sphincter dysfunction. Postoperatively, improvement in mALS scores was observed in 16 cases (35.6%) within 1–2 days, 12 cases (26.7%) at 1 week, and 7 cases (15.6%) at 6 months. No SDAVF recurrence was detected in the spinal MRA examination 6 months after surgery. When compared with preoperative mALS scores, 35 cases (77.8%) showed significant improvement in symptoms, 8 cases (17.8%), remained unchanged, and 2 cases (4.4%) deteriorated. Compared with the preoperative scores, the postoperative mALS score was significantly decreased [postoperative vs. preoperative: 2(1,3) vs. 3(2,4)], HAMD score [(12.2 ± 5.5) vs. (19.6 ± 6.3)], HAMA score [(15.6 ± 5.5) vs. (20.5 ± 6.5)], and VAS score [3(2,5) vs. 5(4,8)]. Conversely, Barthel scoresshowed significant increase [(74.6 ± 8.7) vs. (67.8 ± 9.2)] (P < 0.05). However, the mRS scores were lower than preoperatively [1(1,2) vs. 2(1,2.5)], but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant increase in “good” neurological outcomes at follow-up compared with preoperative function (62.2% vs. 33.3%) (P = 0.023).

Conclusion
Hybrid surgery is a safe and effective treatment for patients with SAVF, which is beneficial for improving anxiety, depression, spinal cord, and neurological function, and relieving pain. However, the treatment of patients with SDAVF is a complex, long-term process requiring further multidisciplinary interventions, including clinical care, psychosocial interventions, and neurorehabilitation.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for connective tissue diseases and complications
Authors: Kotani Takuya , Saito Takashi , Suzuka Takayasu , Matsuda Shogo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be effective in treating connective tissue disease and associated organ damage, leveraging their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. Moreover, MSCs may possess the ability to produce antiapoptotic, proliferative, growth, angiogenic, and antifibrotic factors. Among MSCs, adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) stand out for their relative ease of harvesting and abundance. Additionally, studies have indicated that compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs, ASCs have superior immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative properties. However, relatively few reviews have focused on the efficacy of ASC therapy in treating connective tissue disease (CTD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Therefore, this review aims to evaluate evidence from preclinical studies that investigate the effectiveness of MSC therapy, specifically ASC therapy, in managing CTD and ILD. Moreover, we explore the outcomes of documented clinical trials. We also introduce an innovative approach involving the utilization of pharmacologically primed ASCs in the CTD model to address the current challenges associated with ASC therapy.
Gastroprotective and microbiome-modulating effects of ubiquinol in rats with radiation-induced enteropathy
Authors: Eraqi Walaa A. , El-Sabbagh Walaa A. , Aziz Ramy K. , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Youssef Noha H. , Elkenawy Nora M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRadiation enteritis is a frequently encountered issue for patients receiving radiotherapy and has a significant impact on cancer patients' quality of life. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in intestinal function, yet the impact of irradiation on gut microorganisms is not fully understood. This study explores the gastroprotective effect and gut microbiome-modulating potential of ubiquinol (Ubq), the reduced form of the powerful antioxidant CoQ-10. For this purpose, male albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, IRR (acute 7 Gy γ-radiation), Ubq_Post (Ubq for 7 days post-irradiation), and Ubq_Pre/Post (Ubq for 7 days pre and 7 days post-irradiation). The fecal microbiomes of all groups were profiled by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing followed by bioinformatics and statistical analysis. Histopathological examination of intestinal tissue indicated severe damage in the irradiated group, which was mitigated by ubiquinol with enhanced regeneration, goblet cells, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase expression. Compared to the irradiated group, the Ubq-treated groups had a significant recovery of intestinal interleukin-1β, caspase-3, nitric oxide metabolites, and thio-barbituric reactive substances to near-healthy levels. Ubq_Pre/Post group displayed elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) level, suggesting heightened benefits. Serum insulin reduction in irradiated rats improved post-Ubq treatment, with a possible anti-inflammatory effect on the pancreatic tissue. Fecal microbiota profiling revealed a dysbiosis state with a reduction of bacterial diversity post-irradiation, which was re-modulated in the Ubq treated groups to profiles that are indistinguishable from the control group. These findings underscore Ubq's gastroprotective effects against radiation-induced enteritis and its potential in restoring the gut microbiota’s diversity and balance.
Potential Role of Generative Adversarial Networks in Enhancing Brain Tumors
Authors: Muhammed Amr , Bakheet Rafaat A. , Kenawy Karam , Ahmed Ahmed M.A. , Abdelhamid Muhammed , Soliman Walaa Gamal 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Contrast enhancement is necessary for visualizing, diagnosing, and treating brain tumors. Through this study, we aimed to examine the potential role of general adversarial neural networks in generating artificial intelligence–based enhancement of tumors using a lightweight model. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients diagnosed with brain tumors between 2020 and 2023. A generative adversarial neural network was built to generate images that would mimic the real contrast enhancement of these tumors. The performance of the neural network was evaluated quantitatively by VGG-16, ResNet, binary cross-entropy loss, mean absolute error, mean squared error, and structural similarity index measures. Regarding the qualitative evaluation, nine cases were randomly selected from the test set and were used to build a short satisfaction survey for experienced medical professionals. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine patients with 156 scans were identified from the hospital database. The data were randomly split into a training set and validation set (90%) and a test set (10%). The VGG loss function for training, validation, and test sets were 2,049.8, 2,632.6, and 4,276.9, respectively. Additionally, the structural similarity index measured 0.366, 0.356, and 0.3192, respectively. At the time of submitting the article, 23 medical professionals responded to the survey. The median overall satisfaction score was 7 of 10. CONCLUSION Our network would open the door for using lightweight models in performing artificial contrast enhancement. Further research is necessary in this field to reach the point of clinical practicality.
Black Mythologies: René Ménil, Negritude, and the Critique of Anticolonial Primitivism
Authors: Moody Alys 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The negritude movement emerged from the Black intellectual milieu of Paris in the 1930s and became one of the defining anticolonial modes of the postwar years. It stands as an exemplary case of primitivism beyond its canonical European forms, performing a striking détournement of primitivism in the unlikely direction of anticolonial liberation. This article places the work of leading writers of negritude, including Aimé Césaire, Suzanne Césaire, and Léopold Senghor, into dialogue with their friend and critic René Ménil to unfold the political stakes of anticolonial primitivism. Ménil, a Martinican Communist who moved in the same Parisian milieu as the negritude writers, developed a sustained critique of negritude in the postwar years. This critique allows us to see that, in making primitivism a basis for liberation, negritude reconfigures many of the common assumptions of leftist thought at the time, including the rejection of a stagist account of history and the development of a revolutionary subject defined not by its oppressed position within the structures of modernity but by its location outside of them. By imagining the divide between modern and nonmodern as a fault line along which the anticolonial struggle will be fought, these thinkers develop an alternate vision of liberation whose legacy resonates in contemporary political debates.
Primitivism Now, Primitivism Again: Introduction
Authors: Etherington Ben , Spinner Samuel J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay revisits critical issues in the scholarship on primitivism in the light of recent theoretical and historical developments. Particularly, it considers whether the expansion of primitivism studies to take in a range of contexts and cultures beyond the western European and North American ones with which it has so long been associated calls for new theorizations and historicizations. Along the way, it assesses why primitivism’s purview had previously been so narrow by tracing the development of scholarship associated with primitivism in modernist visual arts, and it weighs up the risks and opportunities in using the term to consider a broader spectrum of cultures and artistic media. It concludes that primitivism’s breadth reflects the magnitude of the crises that it has attempted to negate: a world facing multiple and overlapping extinction crises.
Decomposing the Drivers of Population Aging: A Research Note
Authors: Scott Tabitha , Canudas-Romo Vladimir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Population aging is an important and increasingly relevant area of study for demographers. A growing body of research seeks to determine how long-term changes in births, mortality, and migration—the three drivers of any demographic process—have shaped the present aging situation. Using variable-r decomposition and cohort data, this research note presents a formula for the change in the old-age dependency ratio to determine the extent to which relative changes in births, as well as in mortality and migration rates, contribute to aging. This perspective provides a careful and in-depth picture of aging and contributes to the debate concerning whether changes in births or mortality have had the strongest effect on population aging. When applied to Australia, the United States, and several European populations, the decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio shows that aging occurred in all populations and that changes in both births and mortality contributed to this aging. Analysis of these populations demonstrates that although they differed regarding which of these factors contributed more, changes in births prevailed as the more significant factor. In nearly all populations, migration decreased the rate of population aging.
Perbandingan Hasil Klasifikasi Tutupan Lahan Menggunakan Metode Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan Random Forest (RF) dengan Bahasa Pemrograman R
Authors: Putri Klarissa Ardilia , Handayani Hepi Hapsari 
Published: July 2024

Teknologi penginderaan jauh telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat terutama dalam metode klasifikasi citra. Klasifikasi citra merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi objek di permukaan bumi pada citra satelit. Saat ini telah dikembangkan berbagai metode klasifikasi citra satelit, salah satunya adalah metode klasifikasi berbasis parameter, seperti MLC (Maximum Likelihood). Namun, metode ini tidak dapat dilakukan di lingkungan dengan fitur objek yang kompleks (seperti di daerah perkotaan atau daerah yang dibangun dengan padat). Hal ini dikarenakan metode klasifikasi berdasarkan parameter yang dibutuhkan dari dataset tidak berdistribusi normal. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan metode klasifikasi berbasis non-parametrik yang tidak bergantung pada sifat sebaran data, sehingga tidak diperlukan parameter statistik untuk memisahkan banyak kelas pada citra dan digunakan untuk menganalisis citra satelit dengan lahan padat dan kompleks. fitur penutup. Melalui penelitian ini dilakukan analisis komparatif klasifikasi tutupan lahan menggunakan metode klasifikasi berbasis non parametrik dengan pendekatan Machine Learning (Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, dan Random Forest) untuk wilayah Kota Surabaya menggunakan Landsat-8 data citra satelit, untuk mengetahui hasil klasifikasi kinerja yang dihasilkan dari ketiga metode tersebut. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari empat kelas yaitu, badan air, lahan terbuka, lahan terbangun, dan vegetasi. Adapun komposisi training point yang digunakan adalah 80:20, dimana 80% titik sebagai titik sample dan 20% sebagai titik validasi. Dan jumlah seluruh training point adalah 237 titik. Hasil klasifikasi tutupan lahan pada penelitian ini kemudian dilakukan uji akurasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan uji akurasi secara kuantitatif metode Random Forest menunjukkan hasil yang paling baik dengan nilai overal accuracy 93,33% dan kappa accuracy sebesar 91,07%.
Emphasising Self-Directed Learning in VET-Schools: Teachers' Convictions and Role Negotiations
Authors: Keller Anna , Raemy Patric 
Published: July 2024

Context: Accompanying learners in their increasingly self-directed learning is an important goal in the field of vocational education and training. With digitalisation, the traditional role of the teacher, characterized in terms of an arbiter and transmitter of knowledge, is in crisis. Besides teachers' task in instruction, other role aspects are coming to the fore, such as supporting learners in their self-directed learning. Words such as coach, mentor, and learning facilitator emphasize mentoring as a key component of the teacher’s role, but these are challenging to implement in practice.
Method: The study used in-depth interviews with 10 vocational teachers who emphasise self-directed learning in their lessons. Based on Schütze's narrative analysis method, the narratives revealed how the teachers described typical experiences in relation to their role conception and their role action.
Findings: For the conception and role implementation of coaching roles, the teachers' convictions of what constitutes good learning and teaching were decisive. Training in teacher-training colleges seems to broaden and shift the understanding of teaching and learning processes and progressive roles. Teachers often experience that learners spontaneously reject their progressive roles, with learners appearing to prefer traditional teaching and role design. Although their new roles are not yet fully manifested and normalised in their teaching practice, teachers need to repeatedly legitimize the benefits of their role implementation to different stakeholders. Furthermore, difficulties arise in the practical implementation of the roles, since how to act as a teacher in various instructional sequences that emphasise self-directed learning often seems ambiguous.
Conclusion: The teacher's role is in flux, and with changing expectations come challenges in understanding and fulfilling their role. The study results show typical experiences and negotiations of vocational teachers who emphasise self-directed learning in their lessons. The themes derived from the vocational teachers’ narrations shed important insights into role negotiation, and the findings may offer direction in how to support and guide teachers in their role implementation.