bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronische spontane Urtikaria – Ein Behandlungspfad für die Diagnosestellung und Therapie in der Praxis
Authors: Termeer Christian , Staubach Petra , Kurzen Hjalmar , Strömer Klaus , Ostendorf Rolf , Maurer Marcus 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungDie chronische spontane Urtikaria (CSU) stellt in der vertragsärztlichen dermatologischen Versorgung eine häufige und herausfordernde Erkrankung dar. Ist beispielsweise ein Antihistaminikum der 2. Generation nicht erfolgreich, empfiehlt die aktuelle Leitlinie weitere therapeutische Optionen, jedoch sind die meisten außerhalb der Zulassung. Diese erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen leitliniengerechter Behandlung und der Verordnungsfähigkeit von Arzneimitteln verunsichert den behandelnden Arzt. Zudem fragen sich Behandler, wie der Behandlungserfolg zu messen und dokumentieren ist. Messinstrumente sind in der täglichen Praxis bisher nicht etabliert. Eine Arbeitsgruppe aus niedergelassenen Dermatologen und spezialisierten Urtikaria‐Zentren hat im Konsensverfahren die Therapieempfehlungen der aktuellen Urtikaria‐Leitlinie für die Praxis umsetzbar definiert. Ein diagnostischer und therapeutischer CSU‐Behandlungspfad werden vorgestellt. Die Verordnung inklusive Aufdosierung von Antihistaminika in der täglichen Praxis entsprechend Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebot und Zulassungsstatus wird anhand der Studienlage und aktuellen Rechtsprechung erläutert. In der höchsten Therapiestufe werden der Einsatz von Ciclosporin A, Montelukast und die neu verfügbare Option Omalizumab besprochen. Als Dokumentationshilfe wird der Urtikariakontrolltest (UCT) vorgestellt. Der entwickelte Behandlungspfad soll niedergelassenen Ärzten als leitlinienadaptierte Entscheidungshilfe dienen. Er berücksichtigt die Anforderungen kassenärztlicher Tätigkeit. Es werden hiermit die individualisierte Anamneseerhebung oder Therapie der CSU nicht ersetzt, sondern vielmehr Orientierungspunkte und Hilfestellungen für Diagnostik und Behandlung gegeben.
Mykologie – ein Update Teil 3: Dermatomykosen: Topische und systemische Behandlung
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Krüger Constanze , Paasch Uwe , Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele 
Published: April 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung der Dermatophytosen basiert auf dem klinischen Bild und dem mykologischen Erregernachweis. Die Onychomykose kann bei richtiger Indikationsstellung topisch mit antimykotischem Nagellack behandelt werden. Die atraumatische Nagelabrasion mit 40 % Harnstoff‐Salbe hat einen günstigen Einfluss auf die Heilung. Die kontinuierliche Behandlung der Onychomykose mit Terbinafin ist die wirksamste systemische Therapieform. Terbinafin oder Itraconazol sind die sichersten und wirksamsten Antimykotika zur Behandlung der Onychomykose im Kindesalter. Zur Lasertherapie der Onychomykose liegen bislang wenige Studien zur klinischen Wirksamkeit vor. Für die Tinea capitis wird heute eine gezielte „Spezies‐spezifische“ Therapie der Dermatophytosen des Kapillitiums empfohlen. Terbinafin, jedoch auch Itraconazol und Fluconazol sind wirksam bei Tinea capitis durch Trichophyton‐Arten. Microsporum‐Infektionen der Kopfhaut lassen sich am besten mit Griseofulvin behandeln, alternativ mit Itraconazol oder Fluconazol, Terbinafin ist weniger wirksam.Kutane intertriginöse Candidosen werden mit Nystatin, aber auch mit Azolen oder Ciclopirox topisch antimykotisch behandelt. Die systemische Therapie erfolgt mit Fluconazol oder Itraconazol. Topische und systemisch applizierbare Antimykotika sind ebenbürtige Therapieformen bei akuten Formen der vulvovaginalen Mykose. Mittel der Wahl zur Therapie der chronisch‐rezidivierenden Vulvovaginalmykosen durch Candida albicans ist Fluconazol. Ketoconazol hat eine sehr gute Wirkung bei Pityriasis versicolor. Für die systemische Behandlung bei ausgeprägter großflächiger Pityriasis versicolor ist Itraconazol das Mittel der Wahl.
Patient‐level meta‐analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies: glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ritzel R. , Roussel R. , Bolli G. B. , Vinet L. , Brulle‐Wohlhueter C. , Glezer S. , Yki‐Järvinen H. 
Published: April 2015

AimsTo conduct a patient‐level meta‐analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies, which compared the efficacy and safety of new insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) with insulin glargine 100 U/ml (Gla‐100) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on basal and mealtime insulin, basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs, or no prior insulin, respectively.MethodsThe EDITION studies were multicentre, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, phase IIIa studies, with similar designs and endpoints. A patient‐level meta‐analysis of the studies enabled these endpoints to be examined over 6 months in a large population with T2DM (Gla‐300, n = 1247; Gla‐100, n = 1249).ResultsNo significant study‐by‐treatment interactions across studies were found, enabling them to be pooled. The mean change in glycated haemoglobin was comparable for Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 [each −1.02 (standard error 0.03)%; least squares (LS) mean difference 0.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.08 to 0.07)%]. Annualized rates of confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/l) or severe hypoglycaemia were lower with Gla‐300 than with Gla‐100 during the night (31% difference in rate ratio over 6 months) and at any time (24 h, 14% difference). Consistent reductions were observed in percentage of participants with ≥1 hypoglycaemic event. Severe hypoglycaemia at any time (24 h) was rare (Gla‐300: 2.3%; Gla‐100: 2.6%). Weight gain was low (<1 kg) in both groups, with less gain with Gla‐300 [LS mean difference −0.28 kg (95% CI −0.55 to −0.01); p = 0.039]. Both treatments were well tolerated, with similar rates of adverse events.ConclusionGla‐300 provides comparable glycaemic control to Gla‐100 in a large population with a broad clinical spectrum of T2DM, with consistently less hypoglycaemia at any time of day and less nocturnal hypoglycaemia.
Combination of herbivore removal and nitrogen deposition increases upland carbon storage
Authors: Smith Stuart W. , Johnson David , Quin Samuel L. O. , Munro Kyle , Pakeman Robin J. , van der Wal René , Woodin Sarah J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEcosystem carbon (C) accrual and storage can be enhanced by removing large herbivores as well as by the fertilizing effect of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. These drivers are unlikely to operate independently, yet their combined effect on aboveground and belowground C storage remains largely unexplored. We sampled inside and outside 19 upland grazing exclosures, established for up to 80 years, across an N deposition gradient (5–24 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and found that herbivore removal increased aboveground plant C stocks, particularly in moss, shrubs and litter. Soil C storage increased with atmospheric N deposition, and this was moderated by the presence or absence of herbivores. In exclosures receiving above 11 kg N ha−1 year−1, herbivore removal resulted in increased soil C stocks. This effect was typically greater for exclosures dominated by dwarf shrubs (Calluna vulgaris) than by grasses (Molinia caerulea). The same pattern was observed for ecosystem C storage. We used our data to predict C storage for a scenario of removing all large herbivores from UK heathlands. Predictions were made considering herbivore removal only (ignoring N deposition) and the combined effects of herbivore removal and current N deposition rates. Predictions including N deposition resulted in a smaller increase in UK heathland C storage than predictions using herbivore removal only. This finding was driven by the fact that the majority of UK heathlands receive low N deposition rates at which herbivore removal has little effect on C storage. Our findings demonstrate the crucial link between herbivory by large mammals and atmospheric N deposition, and this interaction needs to be considered in models of biogeochemical cycling.
Scale collapse and the emergence of the power law species–area relationship
Authors: Wilber Mark Q. , Kitzes Justin , Harte John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe recently proposed maximum entropy theory of ecology predicts that all nested species–area relationships (SARs) will collapse to a single, universal curve that exhibits a decreasing log–log slope with increasing scale, suggesting that the power law form of the SAR is invalid at any scale. In this analysis we test the generality of this scale collapse behaviour and determine the scale at which approximate power law behaviour of the SAR is predicted to occur.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe use common SAR models to recursively upscale SARs to (1) look for scale collapse of SARs built from different community assumptions and (2) identify the scale at which approximate power law SARs are recovered. We explore four SAR models in which species abundance distributions and the spatial aggregation of species vary within and across scales according to observed patterns.ResultsWe show that scale collapse is a property of nested SARs, not of maximum entropy theory, and that many types of SARs can exhibit scale‐collapsed curves that follow the general pattern of empirical communities. Moreover, we use the scale‐collapsed curves to show that power law behaviour is not predicted to occur at the scale of most SAR studies and that variation in species spatial aggregation or the scaling of species abundance distributions are needed to produce power law SARs at realistic scales.Main conclusionsOur findings show that power law behaviour of nested SARs is rare and that communities displaying approximate power law SARs may exhibit predictable characteristics within and across scale, such as interspecific variation in aggregation. Our findings regarding the general rarity of power law behaviour suggests that careful consideration of the curvature of a SAR and the scale of an ecological community are necessary before using power law SARs to predict biodiversity across scales.
Risk factors associated with inhibitor development in Chinese patients with haemophilia B
Authors: Zhou J. , Ding Q. , Chen Z. , Yang H. , Lin L. , Wang H. , Wang X. , Wu R. 
Published: April 2015

IntroductionInhibitor development is a severe complication of factor IX substitution treatment for haemophilia B (HB). Current research examined the association between inhibitor development and F9 genotypes and polymorphisms in immune response genes in Chinese HB patients.Materials and Methods11 inhibitor‐positive HB patients and 41 inhibitor‐negative HB patients were enrolled. Direct sequencing, copy number variation (CNV) detection and fragment length analysis were applied to identify F9 genotypes and 15 polymorphisms in immune response genes.Results7 patients developed high titer inhibitors, with 5 of them having histories of consecutive exposure to FIX products on demand for at least 5 days. Allergic reactions/anaphylaxis to prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) occurred in 3 patients before inhibitors were detected. Five nonsense mutations (E54X, R75X, Q185X, R298X and R379X), two large deletions (E1~6del and E1~8del) and one missense mutation (S411G) were identified in patients with inhibitors. Missense mutations had a low odds ratio for FIX inhibitors development (IOR) of 0.078 (P = 0.02), while nonsense mutation presented a high IOR of 8.500 (P = 0.0044). The frequency of allele T in CD4495102 (A/T) was significantly higher in inhibitor‐negative patients, with OR of 0.324 (P = 0.04).ConclusionsNonsense mutations conferred a higher risk for while allele T in CD4495102 (A/T) might play a protective role against inhibitor development in Chinese HB patients.
Patient selection and training for home hemodialysis
Authors: Rioux Jean‐Philippe , Marshall Mark R. , Faratro Rose , Hakim Raymond , Simmonds Rosemary , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPatient selection and training is arguably the most important step toward building a successful home hemodialysis (HD) program. We present a step‐by‐step account of home HD training to guide providers who are developing home HD programs. Although home HD training is an important step in allowing patients to undergo dialysis in the home, there is a surprising lack of systematic research in this field. Innovations and research in this area will be pivotal in further promoting a higher acceptance rate of home HD as the renal replacement therapy of choice.
Psychosocial aspects in home hemodialysis: A review
Authors: Bennett Paul N. , Schatell Dori , Shah Kamal D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPsychosocial aspects related to home hemodialysis (HD) play an important role in the success of home HD programs. Once patients commence HD at home, unique psychosocial issues related to patient and care partner burden can emerge. Proactive professional support, peer support, respite care, travel support, and financial support from the home HD health care team must be a priority for patient care. If the psychosocial aspects are not proactively addressed, patients receiving HD at home may return to in‐center HD and the program may struggle as a result. This review provides a psychosocial guide for new start‐up home HD programs.
Home hemodialysis needs you!
Authors: Agar John W. M. , Schatell Dori , Walker Rachael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis special supplement of Hemodialysis International focuses on home hemodialysis (HD). It has been compiled by a group of international experts in home HD who were brought together throughout 2013–2014 to construct a home HD “manual.” Drawing upon both the literature and their own extensive expertise, these experts have helped develop this supplement that now stands as an A‐to‐Z guide for any who may be unfamiliar or uncertain about how to establish and maintain a successful home HD program.
Gd2O3:SiO2 Nanocomposite: Study on Structural and Optical Behavior
Authors: Ahlawat Rachna 
Published: April 2015

Gd(NO3)3·6H2O and TEOS were used as precursors and obtained powdered form of Gd2O3:SiO2 nanocomposite. The as‐prepared sample was annealed at 773 K and 1173 K and characterized by XRD, TEM, UV–Vis spectra, and PL. The average nanocrystallite size was found of the order of ~27 nm using well‐known Debye–Scherer's equation. From the UV–Vis spectra, it was shown that the position of absorption peak has been shifted toward the higher wavelength side with temperature. In the PL spectra, the broad emission band has been observed at 583 nm along with weak bands at 516, 526, and 556 nm.
Impacts of Geriatric Evaluation and Management Programs on Defined Outcomes: Overview of the Evidence
Authors: Rubenstein Laurence Z. , Stuck Andreas E. , Siu Albert L. , Wieland Darryl 
Published: April 2015

Comprehensive geriatric assessment is a technique for multidimensional diagnosis of frail elderly people with the purpose of planning and/or delivering medical, psychosocial, and rehabilitative care. When comprehensive geriatric assessment is coupled with some therapy, then the term geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) will be used. Following a brief history of comprehensive geriatric assessment, we describe the varied patterns of GEM program organization and review the literature of studies examining GEM effectiveness. Program diversity complicates drawing firm conclusions about GEM effects; however, the vast majority of studies report positive, if not uniformly significant, results. Our analysis suggests that much of the variability in findings is due to sample size limitationsIn order to reach conclusions of program effects across studies and to avoid problems of small sample sizes, we undertook a formal meta‐analysis. In this initial meta‐analysis, we sought to evaluate the effect of GEM programs on a single outcome: mortality. We pooled all published GEM controlled trials into four major groups: inpatient consultation services, inpatient GEM units, home assessment services, and outpatient GEM programs. Meta‐analysis of 6‐month mortality demonstrates a 39% reduction of mortality for inpatient consultation services (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.81, P = 0.0008) and a 37% reduction of mortality for inpatient GEM units (odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.42–0.93, P = 0.02). Home assessment services reduced mortality by 29% (odds ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.90, P = 0.005). On the other hand, no significant survival effect was found for outpatient GEM programs (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.61–1.49). Further use of meta‐analytic techniques should be employed to clarify the effect of GEM on other important outcomes (eg, functional status, use of hospitals and nursing homes) as well as to identify program characteristics most effective in achieving these benefits.
A flowchart‐based intelligent tutoring system for improving problem‐solving skills of novice programmers
Authors: Hooshyar D. , Ahmad R.B. , Yousefi M. , Yusop F.D. , Horng S.‐J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntelligent tutoring and personalization are considered as the two most important factors in the research of learning systems and environments. An effective tool that can be used to improve problem‐solving ability is an Intelligent Tutoring System which is capable of mimicking a human tutor's actions in implementing a one‐to‐one personalized and adaptive teaching. In this paper, a novel Flowchart‐based Intelligent Tutoring System (FITS) is proposed benefiting from Bayesian networks for the process of decision making so as to aid students in problem‐solving activities and learning computer programming. FITS not only takes full advantage of Bayesian networks, but also benefits from a multi‐agent system using an automatic text‐to‐flowchart conversion approach for engaging novice programmers in flowchart development with the aim of improving their problem‐solving skills. In the end, in order to investigate the efficacy of FITS in problem‐solving ability acquisition, a quasi‐experimental design was adopted by this research. According to the results, students in the FITS group experienced better improvement in their problem‐solving abilities than those in the control group. Moreover, with regard to the improvement of a user's problem‐solving ability, FITS has shown to be considerably effective for students with different levels of prior knowledge, especially for those with a lower level of prior knowledge.
Input‐specific regulation of hippocampal circuit maturation by non‐muscle myosin IIB
Authors: Ozkan Emin D. , Aceti Massimiliano , Creson Thomas K. , Rojas Camilo S. , Hubbs Christopher R. , McGuire Megan N. , Kakad Priyanka P. , Miller Courtney A. , Rumbaugh Gavin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMyh9 and Myh10, which encode two major isoforms of non‐muscle myosin II expressed in the brain, have emerged as risk factors for developmental brain disorders. Myosin II motors regulate neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics leading to optimization of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, the role of these motor complexes in brain development remains poorly understood. Here, we disrupted the in vivo expression of Myh9 and/or Myh10 in developing hippocampal neurons to determine how these motors contribute to circuit maturation in this brain area important for cognition. We found that Myh10 ablation in early postnatal, but not mature, CA1 pyramidal neurons reduced excitatory synaptic function in the Schaffer collateral pathway, whereas more distal inputs to CA1 neurons were relatively unaffected. Myh10 ablation in young neurons also selectively impaired the elongation of oblique dendrites that receive Schaffer collateral inputs, whereas the structure of distal dendrites was normal. We observed normal spine density and spontaneous excitatory currents in these neurons, indicating that Myh10 KO impaired proximal pathway synaptic maturation through disruptions to dendritic development rather than post‐synaptic strength or spine morphogenesis. To address possible redundancy and/or compensation by other Myosin II motors expressed in neurons, we performed similar experiments in Myh9 null neurons. In contrast to findings in Myh10 mutants, evoked synaptic function in young Myh9 KO hippocampal neurons was normal. Data obtained from double Myh9/Myh10 KO neurons largely resembled the MyH10 KO synaptic phenotype. These data indicate that Myosin IIB is a key molecular factor that guides input‐specific circuit maturation in the developing hippocampus.
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Non‐muscle myosin II is an actin binding protein with three isoforms in the brain (IIA, IIB and IIC) encoded by the myh9, myh10, and myh14 genes in mice, respectively. We have studied the structure and the function of hippocampal CA1 neurons missing NMIIB and/or NMIIA proteins at different times during development. We have discovered that NMIIB is the major isoform regulating Schaffer collateral inputs, and that this regulation is restricted to early postnatal development.
A qualitative investigation into nurses' perceptions of factors influencing staff injuries sustained during physical interventions employed in response to service user violence within one secure learning disability service
Authors: Lovell Andrew , Smith Debra , Johnson Paula 
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to examine learning disability nurses' perceptions of incidents involving physical intervention, particularly factors contributing to injuries sustained by this group.BackgroundThis article reports on a qualitative study undertaken within one secure NHS Trust to respond to concerns about staff injuries sustained during physical interventions to prevent incidents of service user violence from escalating out of control. The context of the study relates to increasing debate about the most effective approaches to incidents of violence and agression.DesignA qualitative research design was utilized for the study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 20 participants, two from each of the 10 incidents involving staff injury sustained during physical intervention.ResultsFour themes were produced by the analysis, the first, knowledge and understanding, contextualized the other three, which related to the physical intervention techniques employed, the interpretation of the incident and the impact on staff.ConclusionService user violence consistently poses nurses with the challenge of balancing the need to respond in order to maintain the safety of everyone whilst simultaneous supporting and caring for people with complex needs. This study highlights the need for further exploration of the contributory factors to the escalation of potentially violent situations.Relevance to clinical practiceServices may have good systems in place for responding to and managing service user violence but appear less effective in understanding the reasons for and developing strategies to prevent violence occurring.
Professional, Research, and Publishing Trends in Operations and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Simpson Dayna , Meredith Jack , Boyer Kenneth , Dilts David , Ellram Lisa M. , Leong G. Keong 
Published: April 2015

We report on the thoughts of a large group of scholars in the field of operations and supply chain management (O/SCM) regarding current and future issues facing our profession. Broad issues raised and addressed include a perceived lack of relevance in our research, calls from business school deans for faculty to increasingly fund their own research, greater demand for use of large data sets and methodological rigor, along with higher expectations for publishing. We invited four scholars who discussed these issues during an Academy of Management conference session in 2014, to present their perspectives within this essay. We then distributed the perspectives of each of these authors to O/SCM scholars globally so that they could add support, counterpoints, and extensions. Collectively, they raise important points regarding a need for greater innovation and creativity in O/SCM research, the challenges and opportunities of increased complexity and “big data,” the value of working in other research domains and collaborating with others, the promise of new technology, and the importance of improving how we communicate our value to business school colleagues. Finally, our contributors provide recommendations on how we may address these issues and continue to adapt and move our profession forward.