bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maker of Heaven and Earth
Authors: Wood Donald 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe first article of the Nicene creed forms Christian teaching about creation in two ways. It exhibits a particular order of Christian confession and instruction, and it recommends to the church the importance of properly distinguishing three relations: the relation between God the Father and God the Son; the relation between God and the world; and the relation between heaven and earth. This dogmatic commentary on the creed attends to the first two relations and introduces the third.
The Urban Question under Planetary Urbanization
Authors: Merrifield Andy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn Le Droit à la Ville (1968), Lefebvre projects the urban trajectory of his day into the sci‐fi imaginary of Isaac Asimov's remarkable Foundation series, recognizing the germ of ‘Trantor’ in our midst, the planet of 40 billion inhabitants where urbanization has reached its absolute maximum; all 75 million square miles of Trantor's land surface are a single city. In La Révolution Urbaine (1970), Lefebvre had already begun hinting at a new reality, not only an urban society, but of planetary urbanization. Today, four decades on, Asimov's extraterrestrial universe seems closer to home than ever, and closer to Lefebvre's own terrestrial prognostications: planetary urbanization is creating a whole new spatial world (dis)order. But how shall we reclaim the shapeless, formless and boundless metropolis as a theoretical object and political object of the progressive struggle? If the arena of politics has no discernible form, what would be the form of these politics? What, exactly, are urban politics? This article tries to rethink theoretically the urban question and the question of urban politics in our era of planetary urbanization, working through the political role of the urban in the light of recent ‘Occupy’ mobilizations.
Creating a person‐centred culture within the North East Autism Society: preliminary findings
Authors: James Deborah Michelle , Hall Alex , Phillipson John , McCrossan Geraldine , Falck Claire 
Published: September 2012

Accessible Summary

Staff who care for people with autism were shown video of themselves at work.
Only good bits of video were shown to staff. Good bits were chosen because the video showed that the staff and the people with autism were enjoying being with each other.
We asked four members of staff how watching the good bits of video made them think and feel.
In this paper, we report what the staff said. We grouped their ideas into sets. In this paper, we report exactly what the staff said.
We found that all staff felt more confident after watching the videos. They could see more ways that the people with autism were communicating with them. They could imagine being better at making relationships with people with autism.
We think that finding positive moments of enjoyment using video is a good way to make things work better for staff and for the people with autism.

SummaryThis paper provides preliminary findings of the impact of a workforce coaching intervention that used video feedback in a service for children and adults with autism. The proposed mechanism for change in the intervention was the way that video footage was highlighted through editing on the part of the practitioner and the positive coaching conversation that was used to review the video edits. Four participants who had received the intervention were interviewed after the intervention. Thematic analysis of the participants' responses during the narrative style interview was conducted. The results suggest that the participants found the intervention a positive experience that raised their confidence in their work role. They reported heightened awareness of the individual needs of the people they worked with and a new appreciation of the potential for relationship between themselves and the services' users.
Effects of Alendronate on Lumbar Posterolateral Fusion Using Hydroxyapatite in Rabbits
Authors: Koo Ki Hyoung , Lee Jae Hyup , Chang Bong‐Soon , Lee Choon‐Ki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere are controversies regarding the effect of alendronate on spine fusion. In order to study the effects of alendronate on fusion with porous hydroxyapatite, a total of 47 rabbits underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion. The rabbits received saline (control group), alendronate 0.5 mg/kg/week (low‐dose group), or alendronate 1 mg/kg/week (high‐dose group) per oral beginning 2 weeks before surgery. All animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery, and the extent of fusion was assessed by radiographs, manual palpation, computed tomography (CT) scan, mechanical testing, and histologic examination. The fusion rates by manual palpation, radiography, and CT scan were similar in all groups. There was no significant difference in pixel optic density from the CT scan. Biomechanical testing showed the tensile strength of the control group was higher than that of the treatment group including the low‐ and high‐dose group. In histologic examination, the fusion masses of control animals were characterized by a higher predominance of well‐incorporated, trabeculated bone with a prominent marrow element. The treatment group showed a higher proportion of woven bone structures and thicker bony trabeculae. There was no significant difference in the fusion rate, but the tensile strength of treatment group was significantly lower. Histologic examination showed that alendronate inhibited bone resorption and remodeling.
An Educational Training Simulator for Advanced Perfusion Techniques Using a High‐Fidelity Virtual Patient Model
Authors: Tokaji Megumi , Ninomiya Shinji , Kurosaki Tatsuya , Orihashi Kazumasa , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe operation of cardiopulmonary bypass procedure requires an advanced skill in both physiological and mechanical knowledge. We developed a virtual patient simulator system using a numerical cardiovascular regulation model to manage perfusion crisis. This article evaluates the ability of the new simulator to prevent perfusion crisis. It combined short‐term baroreflex regulation of venous capacity, vascular resistance, heart rate, time‐varying elastance of the heart, and plasma‐refilling with a simple lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system. The combination of parameters related to baroreflex regulation was calculated using clinical hemodynamic data. We examined the effect of differences in autonomous‐nerve control parameter settings on changes in blood volume and hemodynamic parameters and determined the influence of the model on operation of the control arterial line flow and blood volume during the initiation and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Typical blood pressure (BP) changes (hypertension, stable, and hypotension) were reproducible using a combination of four control parameters that can be estimated from changes in patient physiology, BP, and blood volume. This simulation model is a useful educational tool to learn the recognition and management skills of extracorporeal circulation. Identification method for control parameter can be applied for diagnosis of heart failure.
Diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot and Its Variants in the Late First and Early Second Trimester: Details of Initial Assessment and Comparison with Later Fetal Diagnosis
Authors: Bhat Aarti H. , Kehl Devin W. , Tacy Theresa A. , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Hornberger Lisa K. 
Published: September 2012

Objective: We sought to evaluate the completeness of echocardiographic diagnosis of fetal tetralogy of Fallot (fTOF) at 12–17 weeks gestation, and compare assessment and clinical outcomes to diagnoses made at >17 weeks gestation. Methods: We identified all fTOF diagnoses made in our experience from 2003 to 2008. Referral indication, anatomic detail by echocardiography and pregnancy outcomes were compared between fetuses diagnosed at ≤17 weeks (Group I) and >17 weeks gestation (Group II). A 10‐point scoring tool was applied retrospectively to the echocardiograms at initial diagnosis (1 point each was ascribed to visualization of right ventricular outflow obstruction, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries including dimensions, pulmonary arterial flow, systemic and pulmonary venous anatomy, atrioventricular valves, ductus arteriosus, ductus flow, aortic arch morphology, sidedness and flow). Results: There were 10 pregnancies in Group I (12–17 weeks) and 25 in Group II (mean gestation at diagnosis 23.5 ± 5.7). The most common reason for referral was extracardiac pathology in Group I (80%) and suspected fetal heart disease on obstetric ultrasound in Group II (64%). Transabdominal imaging was adequate in about half of Group I studies. Mean anatomic diagnosis score in Group I was 6.1(range 2.5–9) and Group II was 8.4 (range 6.5–10). Elective pregnancy termination occurred in 80% in Group I and 33% in Group II. Conclusions: fTOF can be diagnosed in first and early second trimesters with detailed anatomic assessment possible in most. Referral indication and pregnancy outcome differ considerably between early and later prenatal diagnosis of fTOF.
Untangling Social and Political Capital in Latin American Democracies
Authors: Booth John A. , Richard Patricia Bayer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRobert Putnam extolled the virtue of social capital by arguing that social networks, civil society, and trust contribute to democracy. Subsequent research, however, identified a weakness in the social capital “model” in its underspecification of the mechanisms by which social capital affects political systems. This article proposes the concept of political capital as a likely product of social capital that links civil society participants to the political system. The article tests this two-stage model of social capital and political capital and their effects on democratization using survey data from eight Latin American nations. Results find that civil society engagement in 2004 affected political capital variables, which, in turn, had positive effects on system-level democracy measures in 2010. The article thus shows that political capital serves as an intervening variable between social capital and democracy and democratization.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and chronic respiratory morbidity – is there a functional or genetic predisposition?
Authors: Drysdale Simon B , Milner Anthony D , Greenough Anne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA systematic literature review has been undertaken. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infancy is associated with chronic respiratory morbidity. Premorbid abnormal lung function may predispose to RVS LRTI in prematurely born infants.Conclusion:  Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for IL‐8, IL‐19, IL‐20, IL‐13 mannose‐binding lectin, IFNG and a RANTES polymorphism have been associated with subsequent wheeze following RSV LRTI in term‐born infants.
Long‐term dietary supplementation of organic selenium modulates gene expression profiles in leukocytes of adult pigs
Authors: Song Ki‐Duk , Dowd Scott E. , Lee Hak‐Kyo , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSeventy‐two pigs at 34.4 kg body weight (BW) were allotted to two treatments with six replicates/treatment and six pigs/pen: the CON (negative control, no added selenium (Se)) and the OS (0.36 mg/kg added selenium from selenium‐enriched yeast). Pigs were fed until 130 kg BW. The CON diet contained 0.18 mg/kg indigenous Se whereas the OS diet contained 0.54 mg/kg Se. Blood samples were collected at 130 kg BW and further processed for microarray analysis, prepared with 885 genes related to immune function of pigs. Among those, 28 genes related to improved immune status and innate immunity were up‐regulated (P < 0.05) in leukocytes from Se‐fed pigs and those include major histocompatibility class I (> 1.66), arginase I (> 1.27), integrin beta‐1‐subunit (> 1.20), toll like receptor 2 (> 1.12) and double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase. However, 24 genes including tissue factor (< 4.70), serum amyloid A‐2 protein (< 3.11) and p27Kip1 (< 1.42) were down‐regulated (P < 0.05) in leukocytes from Se‐fed pigs. Expression of four selected genes was validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR) showing significant correlation between mircroarray analysis and qPCR analysis. This study indicates that a long‐ term dietary supplementation (0.3%) of organic Se improves the expression of genes that are related to enhanced immunity of pigs.
A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department: Part IV: Multicentre research
Authors: Oakley Ed , McD Taylor David , Coats Tim , Davidson Andrew , Fry Amanda , Babl Franz E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this series we address key topics for clinicians who conduct research as part of their work in the ED. Multicentre research is conducted to enrol larger numbers of participants and improve the validity and generalisability of the findings. Little has been published outlining the practical mechanics of multicentre research in the ED. This article presents strategies for setting up, conducting and participating in multicentre studies in the Australian and international settings. We address the two major categories of multicentre research, collaborative group research based on a group of researchers from a moderate‐sized number of EDs and large‐scale investigator‐led research where a central group of investigators leads a large pool of research sites. Although we focus on clinical trials, the basic principles also apply to multicentre observational studies.
Pollen Morphology of the Platycodonoid Group (Campanulaceae s. str.) and Its Systematic ImplicationsF
Authors: De‐Yuan HONG , Kai‐Yu PAN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, we examined the pollen morphology of the platycodonoid group in Campanulaceae s. str. using a scanning electronic microscope. We used pollen grains of 25 accessions representing 24 species of the Codonopsis complex (including Campanumoea, Cyclocodon, Leptocodon, and all three subgenera of Codonopsis), which is extremely controversial among authors for taxonomic treatment. Pollen morphology of all the other genera in the group observed by previous authors is taken into account in our discussion. A total of nine pollen types with two subtypes in the group were recognized and named for the first time. Molecular and morphological data imply that each pollen type corresponds to a natural group at generic level, and thus the mergence of Leptocodon with Codonopsis and the restoration of Cyclocodon as a separate genus are justifiable, and Codonopsis subg. Pseudocodonopsis, subg. Obconicicapsula, and two species of Codonopsis subg. Codonopsis (C. purpurea and C. chimiliensis) may be better classified as three independent genera separate from the core Codonopsis.
The relationship between lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase production capacities and cultivation periods of mushrooms
Authors: Xu Jian Z. , Zhang Jun L. , Hu Kai H. , Zhang Wei G. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryMushrooms are able to secrete lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), and able to use the cellulose as sources of carbon. This article focuses on the relation between peroxidase‐secreting capacity and cultivation period of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity. Methylene blue and methyl catechol qualitative assay and spectrophotometry quantitative assay show LiP secreting unvaryingly accompanies the MnP secreting in mushroom strains. The growth rates of hyphae are detected by detecting the dry hyphal mass. We link the peroxidase activities to growth rate of mushrooms and then probe into the relationship between them. The results show that there are close relationships between LiP‐ and/or MnP‐secretory capacities and the cultivation periods of mushrooms. The strains with high LiP and MnP activities have short cultivation periods. However, those strains have long cultivation periods because of the low levels of secreted LiP and/or MnP, even no detectable LiP and/or MnP activity. This study provides the first evidence on the imitate relation between the level of secreted LiP and MnP activities and cultivation periods of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity. Our study has significantly increased the understanding of the role of LiP and MnP in the growth and development of mushrooms with non‐laccase activity.
“Democratic policing”: Lessons from Ipperwash and Caledonia
Authors: Sancton Andrew 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecently, there has been much controversy and confusion about the concept of “police independence” in the United Kingdom and Canada. The concept loomed large during the Ipperwash Inquiry, in which the alleged political direction of the Ontario Provincial Police was a major issue. These proceedings were partly concurrent with another Aboriginal occupation in Caledonia, Ontario. The Inquiry's final report recommended adopting a “democratic policing” model, which is significantly different from the “police independence” model. This aspect of the report has, however, received little or no public attention. Instead, the Ontario government continues to support “police independence,” while simultaneously claiming to implement the recommendations of the Ipperwash Inquiry. How to respond to groups of people who pose real or potential threats to public order has been a major issue in Canada, requiring political decisions that are too important to be left solely to the police.
Policing disorder: Calgary Transit peace officers and the Alberta law enforcement framework
Authors: Whitelaw Brian , Smith Ron , Hansen Stephen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn analysis of current trends suggests that the delivery of policing services in Canada is fundamentally shifting. In 2011, the Province of Alberta established the Law Enforcement Framework, which includes Calgary Transit peace officers who are responsible for the safety and security needs of transit customers and employees. This article examines the role of Calgary Transit peace officers and makes recommendations for their incorporation into a broader model of nodal governance in order to ensure that the Calgary Police Service maintains a legitimate, coordinating role for the provision of public safety in the City of Calgary.
The people are the police: Building trust withAboriginal communities in contemporaryCanadian society
Authors: Chrismas Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolicing is an important element in the spectrum of services that impact living conditions, quality of life and social justice for Aboriginal communities. The ultimate policing goal should be to contribute to the realization of societies with safe living conditions and equal access to opportunities, health and happiness. InCanada,Aboriginal peoples were marginalized by colonization, becoming victims of social injustice whose significant effects on communities are felt to this day. This article explores how trust can be regained through improved communication, community engagement and empowerment. Trust building is critical for police and communities to move forward together. Truth telling, transparency and restorative justice may allow police agencies to align with the values ofAboriginal communities, support citizen empowerment, and better carry out the public will.
Galloping off in all directions: An analysis of the new federal–provincial agreement for RCMP contract police services and some implications for the future of Canadian policing
Authors: Lunney Robert F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn 1874, the original 275‐officer contingent of North‐West Mounted Police left Manitoba for what is now Alberta, to bring law and order to a frontier suffering the depredations of American whiskey traders preying on Aboriginal people. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police, now 28,000 strong, has since become world renowned. It deals with organized crime, terrorism, illicit drugs, economic crimes and offences threatening the integrity of Canada's national borders. It also protects VIPs, supports other Canadian law enforcement agencies through its National Police Services, and carries out provincial and municipal policing under contract in eight provinces and three territories. This article reviews the history, outlines the benefits, and examines some of the implications of these policing contracts, using the 2012 Alberta agreement as the template.
Temporal stability of the mouse gut microbiota in relation to innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Dimitriu Pedro A. , Boyce Guilaine , Samarakoon Asanga , Hartmann Martin , Johnson Pauline , Mohn William W. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryGut microbial community properties of mammals are thought to be partly shaped by a combination of host immunity and environmental factors, but their relative importance is not firmly established. To address this gap, we first characterized the faecal bacteria of mice with a functioning immune system (wild‐type, WT), mice with defective immune responses (CD45), mice lacking an adaptive immune system (RAG), and mice with both immune dysfunctions (45RAG). Using fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes, we observed significant differences in gut microbiota composition across all mouse strains (P < 0.001) and identified several mouse strain‐specific genera via pyrosequencing, including Turicibacter sp. (in WT mice) and Allobaculum sp. (in CD45‐deficient animals). To define the role of the host immune system in constraining gut microbiota stability after perturbation, we cohoused CD45‐deficient and WT mice and monitored gut bacterial community dynamics during 8 weeks. Cohousing caused the WT bacterial communities to become indistinguishable from those of CD45 mice (P > 0.05). Time‐series analysis indicated that the communities of cohoused mice changed directionally as opposed to the relatively stable communities of non‐cohoused controls. When we considered only taxonomic membership, it was the communities of CD45 non‐cohoused mice that experienced the highest rate of change. Rather than be governed by fluctuations in the relative abundance of taxa, we suggest that CD45‐regulated immune responses either are stimulated by the presence of bacteria per se or promote temporal stability by selecting for the occurrence of specific taxa.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimetabolite L‐2‐amino‐4‐methoxy‐trans‐3‐butenoic acid inhibits growth of Erwinia amylovora and acts as a seed germination‐arrest factor
Authors: Lee Xiaoyun , Azevedo Mark D. , Armstrong Donald J. , Banowetz Gary M. , Reimmann Cornelia 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimetabolite L‐2‐amino‐4‐methoxy‐trans‐3‐butenoic acid (AMB) shares biological activities with 4‐formylaminooxyvinylglycine, a related molecule produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6. We found that culture filtrates of a P. aeruginosa strain overproducing AMB weakly interfered with seed germination of the grassy weed Poa annua and strongly inhibited growth of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the devastating orchard crop disease known as fire blight. AMB was active against a 4‐formylaminooxyvinylglycine‐resistant isolate of E. amylovora, suggesting that the molecular targets of the two oxyvinylglycines in Erwinia do not, or not entirely, overlap. The AMB biosynthesis and transport genes were shown to be organized in two separate transcriptional units, ambA and ambBCDE, which were successfully expressed from IPTG‐inducible tac promoters in the heterologous host P. fluorescens CHA0. Engineered AMB production enabled this model biocontrol strain to become inhibitory against E. amylovora and to weakly interfere with the germination of several graminaceous seeds. We conclude that AMB production requires no additional genes besides ambABCDE and we speculate that their expression in marketed fire blight biocontrol strains could potentially contribute to disease control.