bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS): The United States of America in 2011. Chapter I: Erectile Dysfunction Among English-Speakers
Authors: Shaeer Osama , Shaeer Kamal 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS) is a worldwide epidemiologic study of sexuality and sexual disorders, based on validated questionnaires and applying age adjustment to the World Standard Population (WSP) by the World Health Organization. In 2010, the first report of GOSS came from the Middle East, describing an erectile dysfunction (ED) prevalence rate of 47%.

Aim
This report studies the prevalence rate of ED in the United States as of 2011–2012 and evaluates risk factors for ED.

Main Outcome Measures
Prevalence of ED.

Methods
GOSS was randomly deployed to English-speaking male web surfers in the United States via paid advertising on Facebook, comprising 146 questions including the abbreviated 5-item International Index of Erectile Function.

Results
Two thousand twenty-two males participated; with a mean age was 52.38 years ± 14.5. Prevalence of ED was 37.7%, adjusted to 33.7% according to WSP, comparable across ethnic groups. The following risk factors were associated with higher risk for ED: diabetes mellitus, hypertension with and without antihypertensive treatment, coronary heart disease, obesity (defined by body mass index), difficult micturition, subjectively reported depression, interpersonal distress, subjectively reported impotence, in addition to novel factors such as subjectively reported premature ejaculation (PE) and concerns over genital size (not a smaller penis per se), low libido, and irregular coitus. Frequency of smoking and alcohol were not associated with higher prevalence of ED, although duration of smoking was.

Conclusion
Adjusted to WSP, prevalence rate of ED in the United States of America is 33.7% in the year 2011, in contrast to the adjusted prevalence in the Middle East (47%). Most of the classical risk factors for ED play the same role in the United States and the World, including diabetes, hypertension, and aging. Concerns over genital size and PE are emerging risk factors for ED.
The Sexual Disgust Questionnaire; a Psychometric Study and a First Exploration in Patients with Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: van Overveld Mark , de Jong Peter J. , Peters Madelon L. , van Lankveld Jacques , Melles Reinhilde , ter Kuile Moniek M. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Disgust may be involved in sexual problems by disrupting sexual arousal and motivating avoidance of sexual intercourse. To test whether heightened disgust for sexual contaminants is related to sexual dysfunctions, the Sexual Disgust Questionnaire (SDQ) has recently been developed. Previous research showed that particularly women with vaginismus display a generally heightened dispositional disgust propensity and heightened disgust toward stimuli depicting sexual intercourse.

Aim
To determine the psychometric properties of the SDQ and test whether heightened disgust toward sexual stimuli is specific to vaginismus or can be observed in other sexual dysfunctions as well.

Methods
First, a large sample of undergraduates and university employees completed the SDQ (N = 762) and several trait disgust indices. Next, women with vaginismus (N = 39), dyspareunia (N = 45), and men with erectile disorder (N = 28) completed the SDQ and were compared to participants without sexual problems (N = 70).

Main Outcome Measure
SDQ to index sexual disgust.

Results
The SDQ proved a valid and reliable index to establish disgust propensity for sexual stimuli. Supporting construct validity of the SDQ, sexual disgust correlated with established trait indices. Furthermore, sexual disgust and willingness to handle sexually contaminated stimuli were associated with sexual functioning in women, but not in men. Specifically women with vaginismus displayed heightened sexual disgust compared to women without sexual problems, while men with erectile disorders demonstrated a lower willingness to handle sexually contaminated stimuli compared to men without sexual problems.

Conclusions
The SDQ appears a valid and reliable measure of sexual disgust. The pattern of SDQ-scores across males and females with and without sexual dysfunctions corroborates earlier research suggesting that disgust appraisals are involved especially in vaginismus and supports the view that the difficulty with vaginal penetration experienced by women in vaginismus may partly be due to disgust-induced defensive reflexes that could disrupt sexual arousal.
The Role of Culture in Eating Disorders
Authors: Kadish Yael A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of eating disorders should include engagement with the role of contemporary cultural trends. Feminists and critical social theorists have made significant contributions in this regard. Using two clinical cases, this paper contemplates the relationship between culture and psyche in eating disorder, proposing a psychoanalytic conceptualization underpinned by John Steiner's (1982, 1987, 1993, 2011) theory of pathological organizations and psychic retreats. Two conceptual terms will be introduced, namely ‘the normalized body order’ and ‘the abject body object’ to develop the argument. One of the clinical cases will be used to explore a particular kind of therapeutic impasse that can occur when therapist and patient are both female. In this particular case, the normalized body order emerged temporarily obstructing therapeutic progress; the impasse was understood to be an example of the so‐called anti‐analytic third (Straker, ).
Cognitive‐Analytic Therapy in a Group: Reflections on a Dialogic Approach
Authors: Hepple Jason 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCognitive‐Analytic Therapy (CAT) (Ryle & Kerr, ) is a brief, integrative psychological therapy developed by Dr Anthony Ryle and others over the last 25 years. CAT is often used as an individual therapy for clients with personality disorder and is widespread within the NHS and private sectors in the UK and several countries abroad. CAT is being increasingly applied in group settings in the NHS. CAT, being at its heart a psychotherapy based on a relational understanding of human development, would seem to have much to offer in a group setting. This paper briefly reviews previous ways that the CAT model has been used in groups and then goes on to describe the author's experience of a one‐year group carried out in South‐West England. The therapeutic approach used adapts the CAT tools to a group setting, draws on CAT's dialogic underpinnings and shares some broader concepts with psychodynamic approaches.
Recurrent polymyositis triggered by bronchiectasis‐associated infections
Authors: Ku Bon D. , Shin Hyun Young 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPolymyositis is a cell‐mediated autoimmune disease and various systemic infections can trigger it. However, there have been only rare reports of recurrent polymyositis triggered by systemic infections. We report the case of a 69‐year‐old woman with recurrent polymyositis triggered by bronchiectasis‐associated infections. This case indicates that recurrent polymyositis triggered by systemic infections suggests a non‐specific autoimmune antigenic response of polymyositis.
Microwave-induced solid dispersion technology to improve bioavailability of glipizide
Authors: Isaac Jinu , Kaity Santanu , Ganguly Swastika , Ghosh Animesh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The effect of microwave (MW) irradiation and conventional heating (CH) on solid dispersion (SD) of poorly water-soluble glipizide (GPZ) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) were studied in detail.

Methods
The chemical stability of GPZ on exposure to MW irradiation and CH was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy studies. Comparative bioavailability studies were performed in rabbits using glipizide sustained-release tablets prepared using MW irradiation (MW-SD) or CH (CH-SD), with Glytop 2.5 mg SR as a reference.

Key findings
The MW-assisted melt mixing showed higher efficiency than CH in obtaining a homogeneous mixture having glass transparency. The polymorphic transformation of GPZ in each case was further confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction study. The solubility of GPZ in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was greater for MW-SD (72.250 ± 0.154 μg/ml) than CH-SD (46 ± 0.201 μg/ml). The MW-SD matrix tablet (2.5 mg) displayed retarded drug release (releasing 99.320 ± 4.992% drug in 12 h). In-vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits revealed that the relative bioavailability of GPZ from MW-SD tablets improved greatly (153.73 ± 9.713%).

Conclusions
MW-induced SD technology could be a better alternative to CH-SD for the enhanced solubility and bioavailability of GPZ.
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory properties of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 in cultured macrophages and keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Woo-Yong , Lim Hye-Won , Lim Chang-Jin 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Objectives
This work aimed to assess the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory and related pharmacological actions of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 (20(R)-Rh2) in cultured macrophages and keratinocytes.

Methods
In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 20(R)-Rh2 was evaluated by analysing nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contents in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Its antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the macrophage and keratinocyte cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and -2 (MMP-2) activity in the culture medium was detected using zymography.

Key findings
20(R)-Rh2 was able to suppress NO, PGE2, ROS and pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (pro-MMP-9) levels that were enhanced in the LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells. 20(R)-Rh2 also exhibited inhibitory effects on the level of ROS and the activity of MMP-9 and -2 in human HaCat keratinocyte cells without stimulant exposure. 20(R)-Rh2 could suppress the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 enhanced by tumour necrosis factor-α in the keratinocytes.

Conclusions
20(R)-Rh2, a minor stereoisomer of ginsenoside Rh2, possesses matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity.
QT Interval Variability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Cardiac Sympathetic Dysinnervation Assessed by 123I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy
Authors: SACRE JULIAN W. , FRANJIC BENNETT , COOMBES JEFF S. , MARWICK THOMAS H. , BAUMERT MATHIAS 
Published: October 2012

QT Variability and Sympathetic Dysinnervation. Introduction: The mechanism of adverse prognosis attributable to proarrhythmic cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation in patients with type 2 diabetes is incompletely understood. This study sought the association of cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation with temporal instability of ventricular repolarization assessed by beat‐to‐beat QT interval variability.Methods and Results: 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I‐MIBG) scintigraphy was analyzed in 31 type 2 diabetic patients for cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation (4‐hour heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio <1.8) and regional sympathetic integrity and washout rate (from 15‐minute 123I‐MIBG uptake). Relative QT variability was defined from a continuous 5‐minute ECG in the supine position (n = 31) and standing position (subgroup; n = 15) by the log ratio of absolute QT variability (QT variance divided by the mean QT interval squared) to heart rate (HR) variability (HR variance divided by the mean HR squared). Patients with (n = 16; 52%) versus without cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation demonstrated higher relative QT variability in the supine position (P < 0.001), owing to lower HR variability. However, on standing, absolute QT variability was significantly raised in these patients (P = 0.009) despite similar HR variability in the 2 groups. Correlations of heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio with standing QT variability (relative [r =−0.63, P = 0.013] and absolute [r =−0.79, P = 0.001]) were superior to corresponding supine measures (relative [r =−0.47, P = 0.008] and absolute [P = NS]). No associations of QT variability with washout rate or regional 123I‐MIBG uptake were identified.Conclusion: Elevated QT variability is associated with cardiac sympathetic dysinnervation in type 2 diabetes and may contribute to adverse prognosis. Moreover, QT variability may be more specific for cardiac sympathetic innervation when measured in the context of sympathetic activation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 305‐313, March 2013)
New Cardiomechanic Pacing Lead Sensor Based on High Frequency Parameters: Experimental Studies in Sheep
Authors: BRUSICH SANDRO , TOMASIC DANKO , SOVILJ SINIŠA , MAGJAREVIC RATKO , FEREK‐PETRIC BOZIDAR 
Published: October 2012

Pacing Lead as a High Frequency Cardiomechanic Sensor. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of detecting and quantifying ventricular contraction in sheep utilizing the cardiomechanic sensor based upon the high frequency (HF) parameters measurements on bipolar cardiac pacing leads. Measurement of the HF reflection coefficient yields the lead‐bending signal (LBS) caused by myocardial contraction. The correlation between the lead‐bending acceleration (LBA) expressed as the rate of rise of LBS and LV dP/dt should reveal that LBS may be utilized as a cardiomechanic sensor in implantable cardiac electrotherapy devices.Methods and Results: We implanted 3 different pacing leads and tested the measurement system in 9 sheep (42 ± 6 kg) at baseline and during acute hemodynamic intervention with dobutamine infusion and tachycardia induced by VVI pacing at 200 bpm. A stable, consistent, and reproducible LBS was obtained in all sheep during the implantation procedure and 4 months after the implantation during different experimental conditions that included hemodynamic interventions. The dependence between LBAmax and LV dP/dtmax was found to be statistically significant and with high Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.855, P <0.001). We could also observe the hemodynamic deterioration caused by fast ventricular pacing with the decrease of LV dp/dt and LBA compared with sinus rhythm.Conclusion: This study confirms the feasibility and efficacy of the hemodynamic sensor based upon HF lead parameters. Moreover, it was demonstrated that LBAmax is highly correlated to the ventricular contractility and, therefore, can be efficiently used as a hemodynamic and cardiomechanic sensor. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 338‐346, March 2013)
Comparison of Fixed Tilt and Tuned Defibrillation Waveforms: The PROMISE Study
Authors: GOLD MICHAEL R. , VAL‐MEJIAS JESUS , CUOCO FRANK , SIDDIQUI MUKKARAM 
Published: October 2012

Comparison of Defibrillation Waveforms. Background: All modern defibrillation systems use biphasic shock waveforms. Typically a fixed tilt waveform is used for implantable defibrillators (ICDs), but a tuned waveform with duration based on shock impedance may be superior based on theoretical calculations.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare defibrillation efficacy of fixed tilt and tuned waveforms.
Methods:
PROMISE was designed as a prospective, within‐patient, randomized study of defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) comparing a tuned (assuming a 3.5 milliseconds membrane time constant) versus a 50/50% tilt waveform. All patients had a left pectoral implant (active can) and testing was performed with a single coil shocking configuration (“SVC coil OFF”). DFTs were measured in random order with a binary search method in 52 patients, using the high‐voltage lead impedance to select the pulse widths for both waveforms.
Results:
At the DFT, the tuned waveform had similar delivered energy (10.5 ± 6.3 vs 9.5 ± 5.5 J, P = 0.47), stored energy (13.6 ± 7.9 vs 11.3 ± 6.3 J, P = 0.06), peak current (7.5 ± 3.0 vs 6.8 ± 2.2 A, P = 0.09), and delivered voltage (451.0 ± 134.5 vs 411.5 ± 120.7 V, P = 0.05) compared with the 50/50% tilt waveform.
Conclusion:
The DFTs for 3.5‐millisecond time constant based tuned and 50/50% tilt waveforms are similar using a single coil, left pectoral active can. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 323‐327, March 2013)
Presence of anti‐müllerian hormone in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis): gender and seasonal differences
Authors: Roudebush William E. , Nethery R. Andrew , Heldreth Todd 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily secreted by male Sertoli cells and female ovarian granulosa cells. This study determined squirrel monkey AMH levels as influenced by gender and seasonality.MethodsSquirrel monkey sera AMH were measured by an enzymatically amplified two‐site immunoassay.ResultsA significant difference (P < 0.001) was found in AMH levels between male (mean = 3.46 ng/ml) and female squirrel monkeys (mean = 22.12 ng/ml). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in male AMH levels between breeding (mean = 4.21 ng/ml) and non‐breeding seasons (mean = 2.78 ng/ml). No significant differences were found between female groups.ConclusionsAnti‐mullerian hormone levels in female squirrel monkeys are the highest in any primate species reported, whereas in the male, levels are within reported ranges. The AMH assay may allow us soon to assess the squirrel monkey fertility potential as a function of various factors.
Growth‐related structural, biochemical, and mechanical properties of the functional bone–cartilage unit
Authors: Hamann Nina , Zaucke Frank , Dayakli Münire , Brüggemann Gert‐Peter , Niehoff Anja 
Published: October 2012

AbstractArticular cartilage and subchondral bone act together, forming a unit as a weight‐bearing loading‐transmitting surface. A close interaction between both structures has been implicated during joint cartilage degeneration, but their coupling during normal growth and development is insufficiently understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine growth‐related changes of cartilage mechanical properties and to relate these changes to alterations in cartilage biochemical composition and subchondral bone structure. Tibiae and femora of both hindlimbs from 7‐ and 13‐week‐old (each n = 12) female Sprague‐Dawley rats were harvested. Samples were processed for structural, biochemical and mechanical analyses. Immunohistochemical staining and protein expression analyses of collagen II, collagen IX, COMP and matrilin‐3, histomorphometry of cartilage thickness and COMP staining height were performed. Furthermore, mechanical testing of articular cartilage and micro‐CT analysis of subchondral bone was conducted. Growth decreased cartilage thickness, paralleled by a functional condensation of the underlying subchondral bone due to enchondral ossification. Cartilage mechanical properties seem to be rather influenced by growth‐related changes in the assembly of major ECM proteins such as collagen II, collagen IX and matrilin‐3 than by growth‐related alterations in its underlying subchondral bone structure. Importantly, the present study provides a first insight into the growth‐related structural, biochemical and mechanical interaction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Finally, these data contribute to the general knowledge about the cooperation between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Distress experienced by nurses in response to the challenging behaviour of residents – evidence fromGerman nursing homes
Authors: Schmidt Sascha G , Dichter Martin N , Palm Rebecca , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this research is to investigate the degree of distress experienced by nurses in response to the challenging behaviour of nursing home residents (residents' challenging behaviour) and their impact on nurses individual resources (general health, burnout and work ability).BackgroundBecause of the increasing and ageing population of nursing home residents, professional nursing care faces several challenges. One highly prevalent issue among nursing home residents is the so‐called ‘challenging behaviour’. However, to date, ‘challenging behaviour’ has not yet been recognised as an occupational stressor, and the extent of the impact of ‘challenging behaviour’ on nurses' well‐being and functioning is not well understood.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodSelf‐report questionnaire data collected from 731 registered nurses and nursing aides in 56 German nursing homes were used in a secondary data analysis. The level of residents' challenging behaviour‐related distress that nurses experienced was assessed using a scale consisting of nine questions. Validated instruments were used for the assessment of individual resources.ResultsThe mean score for residents' challenging behaviour‐related distress was 41·3 (SD21·2). Twenty‐seven per cent of all nurses reported over 50 residents' challenging behaviour. Residents' challenging behaviour had a significant impact on all three measures of individual resources. Specifically, nurses exposed to frequent residents' challenging behaviour reported a significantly lower quality of general health, reduced workability and high burnout levels.ConclusionOur findings indicate that residents' challenging behaviour‐related distress is a significant work place stressor for nurses in nursing homes with a clear impact on general health, the risk of burnout and work ability.Relevance to clinical practiceOur findings suggest that residents' challenging behaviour is a stressor for nurses in nursing homes. Further scientific and practical attention is necessary from the point of view of working conditions for nurses. The development of preventive concepts for nursing staff and residents is recommended.
Association between periodontal status and pre‐term and/or low‐birth weight in Spain: clinical and microbiological parameters
Authors: Santa Cruz I. , Herrera D. , Martin C. , Herrero A. , Sanz M. 
Published: October 2012

Background and ObjectiveStudies performed over the last 15 years have suggested that periodontal diseases may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, this association has not been found in all populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal status and the presence of specific periodontal pathogens may influence the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Material and MethodsPregnant women were clinically examined before 26th week of gestation, and divided in two groups: non‐periodontitis and periodontitis. Microbial samples were obtained in the periodontitis group and processed by anaerobic culturing. After delivery, data on the pregnancy outcome were taken; mother's socio‐demographic and risk factors were obtained at inclusion. Simple and multiple regression analysis were performed.ResultsOne hundred and seventy women were included in the study (116 non‐periodontitis and 54 with periodontitis). The incidence of preterm (PTB) and low‐birth weight (LBW) was 2.94% and 3.53%, respectively. Periodontal status did not show any association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The presence of Eikenella corrodens was significantly related to PTB (p = 0.022) and the presence Capnocytophaga spp. was related to LBW (p = 0.008). The multivariate analyses showed a significant association between PTB and newborn weight and counts of E. corrodens. Maternal health and counts of E. corrodens were significantly associated with PTB or LBW.ConclusionThe clinical periodontal condition was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Spanish Caucasian population with medium‐high educational level. The presence and counts of E. corrodens and the presence of Capnocytophaga spp. showed a significant association with PTB and LBW, respectively, in the bivariate and/or multivariate model.