bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Sprint Training Among European Coaches: Quality Over Quantity
Authors: Agudo-Ortega Aarón , Sandbakk Øyvind , Salinero Juan J. , Johansen Bjørn , González-Rave José M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To describe how high-level European sprint coaches (from 100 to 400 m) work to improve important factors associated with the quality of the holistic training process and the quality of the specific training session. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted using questionnaires from 31 European elite sprint coaches (ie, training athletes defined as tiers 3, 4, and 5) who participated voluntarily. Results: The coaches used traditional periodization (45%) with a 10- to 15-day tapering phase (48%) that includes a reduction in volume, maintenance of intensity, and focus on correct technical execution. In the 3 mesophases, coaches prioritized the basic development of strength and sprint work in the first phases of the season and emphasized more sprint-specific work in the competitive phase. Before sessions, adjustments were made based on factors such as psychological (77%), technical (48%), and physical (39%) parameters. In-session load management relies on a combination of objective and subjective measures (55%), in which the dialogue with athletes (65%) was regarded as the main resource. Feedback during and after sessions covers technical (54%), psychological (48%), and physical (35%) aspects. Recovery protocols after sessions mainly involve rest and professional guidance (42%). For performance assessment and testing, coaches utilize countermovement jump (52%), force–velocity profile (45%), and 30-m flying (61%) as main tools. Conclusions: European sprint coaches demonstrated a comprehensive approach to planning and management, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of their training methodologies and the diverse tools employed for athlete testing and monitoring.
The Relationship Between the Moderate–Heavy Boundary and Critical Speed in Running
Authors: Hunter Ben , Meyler Samuel , Maunder Ed , Cox Tobias H. , Muniz-Pumares Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Training characteristics such as duration, frequency, and intensity can be manipulated to optimize endurance performance, with an enduring interest in the role of training-intensity distribution to enhance training adaptations. Training intensity is typically separated into 3 zones, which align with the moderate-, heavy-, and severe-intensity domains. While estimates of the heavy- and severe-intensity boundary, that is, the critical speed (CS), can be derived from habitual training, determining the moderate–heavy boundary or first threshold (T1) requires testing, which can be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the percentage at which T1 occurs relative to CS. Results: A systematic literature search yielded 26 studies with 527 participants, grouped by mean CS into low (11.5 km·h−1; 95% CI, 11.2–11.8), medium (13.4 km·h−1; 95% CI, 11.2–11.8), and high (16.0 km·h−1; 95% CI, 15.7–16.3) groups. Across all studies, T1 occurred at 82.3% of CS (95% CI, 81.1–83.6). In the medium- and high-CS groups, T1 occurred at a higher fraction of CS (83.2% CS, 95% CI, 81.3–85.1, and 84.2% CS, 95% CI, 82.3–86.1, respectively) relative to the low-CS group (80.6% CS, 95% CI, 78.0–83.2). Conclusions: The study highlights some uncertainty in the fraction of T1 relative to CS, influenced by inconsistent approaches in determining both boundaries. However, our findings serve as a foundation for remote analysis and prescription of exercise intensity, although testing is recommended for more precise applications.
Creating and Sustaining a High-Performing Tennis Culture
Authors: Nash Christine , Crespo Miguel , Martínez-Gallego Rafael 
Published: July 2024

The coach is identified as a key actor in the development of a high-performing culture in sport, in this case, tennis. Using mixed-methods research design, we investigated the views of the participating high-performance tennis coaches on the International Tennis Federation/Olympic Solidarity coach education and certification programme conducted in Spain, and how they felt their involvement made an impact within their national organisations, by enabling them to develop and implement a coach-created high-performing environment. We collected data using both interview and survey procedures. Our findings from the survey indicated that the participating coaches found the programme to be very helpful to their practice, especially to their long-term tennis development, the structure and organisation of effective tennis programmes, and the implementation of appropriate training methods for their players. Content analysis of the interviews revealed three main themes related to creating a high-performing tennis culture: (a) high-performing environment, (b) deliberate focus on growth and development, and (c) obstacles to creating a tennis culture. We discuss the challenges associated with transferring a successful sports development programme to a different cultural environment and conclude with some key points for effective implementation.
Performance of the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays: multi-site comparison of standardized quantitation
Authors: Mannonen Laura , Jokela Pia , Kragh Thomsen Marianne , Yerly Sabine , Cilla Gustavo , Jarem Daniel , Canchola Jesse A. , Hopkins Mark 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Guidelines recommend monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and BK virus (BKV) in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The majority of quantitative DNA testing for EBV and BKV employs unstandardized individual laboratory-developed testing solutions (LDTs), with implications for accuracy, reproducibility, and comparability between laboratories. The performance of the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays was assessed across five laboratories, using the World Health Organization International Standards (WHO IS) for EBV and BKV, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantitative Standard for BKV, and results were compared with the LDTs in use at the time. Methods were also compared using locally sourced clinical specimens. Variation was high when laboratories reported EBV or BKV DNA values using LDTs, where quantitative values were observed to differ by up to 1.5 log
10
unit/mL between sites. Conversely, results from the cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays were accurate and reproducible across sites and on different testing days. Adjustment of LDTs using the international standards led to closer alignment between the assays; however, day-to-day reproducibility of LDTs remained high. In addition, BKV continued to show bias, indicating challenges with the commutability of the BKV International Standard. The cobas EBV and cobas BKV assays are automated, aligned to the WHO IS, and have the potential to reduce the variability in viral load testing introduced by differences in LDTs. Standardization of reporting values may eventually allow different centers to compare data to allow clinical decision thresholds to be established supporting improvements in patient management.

IMPORTANCE
The application of center-specific cut-offs for clinical decisions and the variability of LDTs often hinder interpretation; thus, the findings reported here support the need for standardization in the field of post-transplant monitoring of EBV and BKV to improve patient management. Alongside the choice of assay, it is also important to consider which standard to use when deciding upon a testing methodology. This is a call to action for standardization, as treatment for EBV and BKV is driven by viral load test results, and the more accurate and comparable the test results are across institutions, the more informed and better the treatment decisions can be.
Long-term cost-effectiveness analysis of rugby fans in training–New Zealand: a body weight reduction programme for males
Authors: Lee Peter , Hargreaves Elaine , Jiang Yannan , Calder Amanda , Marsh Samantha , Gray Cindy , Hunt Kate , Eyles Helen , Draper Nick , Heke Ihirangi , Kara Stephen , Maddison Ralph , Gao Lan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesWe sought to extrapolate the long-term costs and clinical impacts attributed to the rugby fans in training–New Zealand (RUFIT-NZ) trial in Aotearoa, New Zealand.DesignA modelled cost-effectiveness analysis using efficacy data from RUFIT-NZ was conducted from the Aotearoa New Zealand healthcare perspective.SettingA Markov cohort model was constructed with a lifetime time horizon. The model simulated events of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurring among a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 individuals receiving either the RUFIT-NZ intervention or no intervention. Efficacy data were based on the RUFIT-NZ trial, and the latest Global Burden of Disease study was used to extrapolate the impact of body weight reduction on clinical outcomes of T2DM, MI or stroke. Cost and utility data were drawn from the RUFIT-NZ trial and published sources.Primary outcome measuresThe incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsOver a lifetime time horizon, participants in the RUFIT-NZ intervention gained 0.02 (discounted) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an additional cost of NZ$863, relative to no intervention. The estimated ICER was NZ$49 515 per QALY gained (discounted), which is above the arbitrary willingness-to-pay threshold of NZ$45 000 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings.ConclusionsRUFIT-NZ was associated with a reduction in cardiovascular and endocrine events for overweight and obese males. However, based on conservative assumptions, RUFIT-NZ was unlikely to be cost-effective from a healthcare system perspective.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000069156.
Unequal uptake of skilled maternal health care services in Ethiopia: cross-sectional data analyses informed by the intersectionality theory
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate intersectional inequality encompassing socioeconomic, geographical and demographic variables in the use of competent birth and postnatal care services in Ethiopia.DesignData for the study came from a series of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys. Four major surveys were taken place between 2000 and 2016 and all were included in the study. 9867, 9075, 10 592 and 9915 live births born 5 years preceding the surveys that were attended by skilled health workers in 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016, respectively, were included in the study. For the postnatal care, only the 2016 survey was used due to sample size issues in the other surveys, and 3843 women having live births 2 years preceding the survey had complete data, allowing for fitting of a model. Since the outcome measures are binary, the logit model was used. Intersectionality was analysed by entering interactions into models.SettingsPopulation-based representative surveys encompassing all areas of Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study subjects are women of reproductive age who had live births 2 years preceding the 2016 survey (for postnatal care) and live births born 5 years preceding the respective surveys (for birth care).Outcome measuresThe outcome measures are skilled birth and postnatal care services. The postnatal care was for mothers within the first 2 days of giving birth and did not include care for the newborn. Competent maternal health care services are those that are provided by competent health workers: doctors, nurses, midwives and health officers.ResultsIt was observed that women at the crossroads of multiple axes of advantage and disadvantage had better and worse utilisation, respectively. For example, maternal education and residence intersected and predicted coverage of birth care was the highest among secondary schooling women who dwelt in urban settings with the values of 0.255; 95% CI 0.113 to 0.397 in 2000 and 0.589; 95% CI 0.359 to 0.819 in 2016 but was the lowest among non-educated women who lived in rural areas with the values of 0.0236; 95% CI 0.0154 to 0.0317 in 2000 and 0.203; 95% CI 0.177 to 0.229 in 2016.ConclusionsIt appeared that some women who were at the intersections of multiple axes of disadvantage had the lowest predicted coverage for maternal health care services. The study suggests that targeted interventions be developed for women who are at the intersection of multiple axes of marginalisation and that multiple sectors work in their sphere of resposibility to tackle social determinants of maternity care inequality. Policymakers may consider using intersectionality to inform development of targeted policies and or strategies. Further, future studies include structural drivers in the analysis of intersectionality to gain a better insight into the causes of disparities.
Physicians’ knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery and its associated factors in a resource-limited setting, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study design
Authors: Reda Mekides Molla , Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Beshir Miftahe Abedella , Butta Fikadu Wake 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundTelesurgery has become helpful in overcoming the current shortage of surgeons and reducing the barriers to timely and effective surgical intervention caused by long-distance travel, which is caused by distance, cost, complexity and frequent hazards. However, knowledge and attitude remain challenges in the implementation of such a system.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess physicians’ knowledge and attitude towards telesurgery and associated factors at resource-limited setting, Northwest Ethiopia.Method and analysisA simple random sampling method was carried out to choose study participants from each referral hospital, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to estimate knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery among physicians and to identify factors associated with physician knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery.Study designCross-sectional study design.SettingThis study was conducted at six specialised referral hospitals and two specialised and teaching referral hospitals in the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia.Result408 physicians were included for analysis, with a response rate of 96.45%. Among study participants, 47.8% and 43.1% had good knowledge and attitudes towards telesurgery, respectively. Educational status, digital literacy, source of information, computer training, digital health training and internet access in the organisation were factors associated with a physician’s knowledge of telesurgery. Moreover, physician’s knowledge, technology use, educational status, computer training, computer access and internet access in the organisation were factors associated with physicians’ attitudes towards telesurgery.Conclusion and recommendationAlmost half of physicians had good knowledge, and less than half had a good attitude towards telesurgery, so healthcare policy-makers should improve physicians’ digital literacy, technology use and internet access to enhance their knowledge and attitudes for future implementation.
Immediate efficacy of acupuncture combined with active exercise as 10 min rapid therapy for pain and movement disorders in patients suffering from acute stiff neck: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pei Xianmei , Li Qifu , Huang Gaoyangzi , Liao Jianglong , Huang Ya , Chen Ziwen , Tang Xin , Liu Zili , Sun Jinbo , Guo Taipin , Liang Fan-Rong 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Stiff neck is a condition mainly characterised by persistent pain and limited neck movement, which can substantially impact patients’ daily lives during acute episodes. Accordingly, rapid pain relief and restoration of normal activities are the main needs of patients during doctor visits. This study aims to assess the immediate efficacy of acupuncture combined with active exercises in rapidly relieving pain and improving movement disorders within 10 min in patients with acute stiff neck (ASN).

Methods and analysis
This randomised controlled clinical trial is being conducted at a single centre in China. 120 participants diagnosed with ASN will randomly be assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: the acupuncture combined with active exercise group (group A), sham acupuncture combined with active exercise group (group B) and active exercise only group (group C). Each participant will undergo a single 10 min session. The primary outcome is the effective rate at 10 min of treatment. Secondary outcomes include the effective rate at other time points (0–1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min), Visual Analogue Scale score and cervical range of motion. The intention-to-treat analysis will include all randomised participants.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine (2022-009). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before randomisation. The findings of this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at conferences.

Trial registration number
ChiCTR2200066997.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Zainab , Habib Aysha , Sajjad Zafar 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and association of central obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI), visceral fat adiposity (VFA) and superficial fat adiposity (SFA) with MS, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN).DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingTertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Participants165 participants. There were 124 male participants and 41 female participants of Pakistani population. All participants above 18 years, who had unenhanced CT abdomen examination and relevant blood workup, were included. Patients with a known clinical history of coronary artery disease, HTN and DM as well as pregnant patients were excluded.InterventionsVFA and SFA were estimated, at the level of the umbilicus. Data of BMI, MS, DM and HTN were extracted from patient files. Data for MS, DM and HTN were recorded as binary variables.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the prevalence of MS and the association of MS, DM and HTN with gender, VFA, SFA and BMI. P value of <0.05 was taken as significant with CI of 95%.ResultsThe prevalence of MS was 29.7%. There was a significant association of MS, DM and HTN with VFA, SFA and BMI. In gender-based analysis 48.7% of the female participants had MS. In subset analysis, 47% of male subjects in the third tertile of VFA revealed significant association with MS (p value <0.05) while only 32.7% of subjects in the obesity category of BMI had MS. SFA revealed a significant association with DM only (p value <0.5).ConclusionIn conclusion, VFA shows a significant association with MS, DM and HTN. Considering these results, further studies with a larger sample size are warranted to generate gender-based cut-offs for VFA for obesity screening purposes.
Core socioDemographic data variables in ICU Trials (CoDe-IT): a protocol for generating core data variables using a Delphi consensus process
Authors: Krewulak Karla D , Sheikh Fatima , Heirali Alya , Marshall John C , Burns Karen E A , Kupsch Scotty , Maratta Christina , Murthy Srinivas , O'Hearn Katie , Russell Kristine , Mehta Sangeeta , Fiest Kirsten 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSociodemographic variables influence health outcomes, either directly (ie, gender identity) or indirectly (eg, structural/systemic racism based on ethnoracial group). Identification of how sociodemographic variables can impact the health of critically ill adults is important to guide care and research design for this population. However, despite the growing recognition of the importance of collecting sociodemographic measures that influence health outcomes, insufficient and inconsistent data collection of sociodemographic variables persists in critical care studies. We aim to develop a set of core data variables (CoDaV) for social determinants of health specific to studies involving critically ill adults.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review to generate a list of possible sociodemographic measures to be used for round 1 of the modified Delphi processes. We will engage relevant knowledge users (previous intensive care unit patients and family members, critical care researchers, critical care clinicians and research co-ordinators) to participate in the modified Delphi consensus survey to identify the CoDaV. A final consensus meeting will be held with knowledge user representatives to discuss the final CoDaV, how each sociodemographic variable will be collected (eg, level of granularity) and how to disseminate the CoDaV for use in critical care studies.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Calgary conjoint health research ethics board has approved this study protocol (REB22-1648).
Insights from the ACTION Teens Study: a survey of adolescents living with obesity, their caregivers and healthcare professionals in the UK
Authors: Halford Jason C G , Brown Adrian , Clare Kenneth , Ells Louisa J , Ghosh Anngona , Giri Dinesh , Hughes Carly , Senniappan Senthil 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe Awareness, Care and Treatment In Obesity maNagement (ACTION) Teens study explored attitudes, behaviours, perceptions and barriers regarding effective obesity care among adolescents living with obesity (ALwO), caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).DesignCross-sectional online survey study.SettingStudy across 10 countries; here, we report data from UK respondents.ParticipantsOverall, 416 ALwO (aged 12 to <18 years; body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex (WHO charts)), 498 caregivers and 250 HCPs in the UK completed the survey (August–December 2021).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSurvey questions addressed key aspects of obesity management for ALwO.ResultsOverall, 46% of ALwO perceived their weight as normal or below normal and 86% believed their health was at least good; 56% and 93% of caregivers responded similarly for their ALwO. Despite this, most ALwO (57%) had attempted to lose weight in the past year and 34% felt highly motivated to lose weight. YouTube and social media were most often used by ALwO for information about weight management (41% and 39%); few ALwO and caregivers sought information from a doctor (13% and 22%). Among ALwO who had discussed weight with an HCP (n=122), 49% trusted their weight-management advice. Only 10% of ALwO and 8% of caregivers were told by a doctor that they/their child had obesity. For HCPs, obesity-related comorbidities were the most common reason for initiating weight conversations with ALwO (73%), while short appointment times were the most common barrier (46%). Overall, 30% of ALwO and 11% of caregivers did not feel comfortable bringing up weight with an HCP.ConclusionsImproved education and communication are needed among ALwO, caregivers and HCPs in the UK to help improve awareness of obesity, its aetiology and its impact on health, and to support HCPs to proactively initiate weight-related conversations and build trust with ALwO and caregivers.Trial registration numberNCT05013359.