bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering engagement and dealing with stress in projects that effect change
Authors: Frank Cervone H. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that can contribute to successful management of these issues by project managers. Frequently, projects involve significant change efforts. To achieve project success, project managers must have the skills and understanding to manage the personnel issues related to change and stress related to change.

Design/methodology/approach
– By reviewing the definitive literature related to change management, the author provides some criteria for project managers to consider as they foster engagement and manage stress related to change in projects.

Findings
– There are three primary strategies project managers can use to successfully manage both engagement and stress in projects that involve significant change efforts.

Originality/value
– While the issues related to change management have been discussed generally, the application of these theories and practices to project management has not been extensively explored in the literature. This article provides a general overview of the major theories in direct relationship to project management.
Working capital management: a literature review and research agenda
Authors: Pratap Singh Harsh , Kumar Satish 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review research on working capital management (WCM) and to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge, which justify future research directions. WCM has attracted serious research attention in the recent past, especially after the financial crisis of 2008.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using systematic literature review (SLR) method, the present study reviews 126 articles from referred journal and international conferences published on WCM.

Findings
– Detailed content analysis reveals that most of the research work is empirical and focuses mainly on two aspects, impact of working capital on profitability of firm and working capital practices. Major research work has concluded that WCM is essential for corporate profitability. The major issues with prior literature are lack of survey-based approach and lack of systematic theory development study, which opens all new areas for future research. The future research directions proposed in this paper may help develop a greater understanding of determinants and practices of WCM.

Practical implications
– Till date, literature on classification of WCM has been almost non-existent. This paper reviews a large number of articles on WCM and provides a classification scheme in to various categories. Subsequently, various emerging trends in the field of WCM are identified to help researchers specifying gaps in the literature and direct research efforts.

Originality/value
– This paper contains a comprehensive listing of publications on the WCM and their classification according to various attributes. The paper will be useful to researchers, finance professionals and others concerned with WCM to understand the importance of WCM. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no detailed SLR on this topic has previously been published in academic journals.
Shari’ah issues in Islamic banking: a qualitative survey in Malaysia
Authors: Echchabi Abdelghani , Abd. Aziz Hassanuddeen 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the customers’ perception regarding the current shari’ah issues of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Specifically, the study attempts to examine the awareness of the current criticisms of the main shari’ah issues in Islamic finance, and the perception of the selected customers towards these criticisms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a qualitative approach to understand in detail the customers’ perception and experiences about shari’ah compliance of Islamic banks. Semi-structured interview is used with ten Islamic banks’ customers in Malaysia. The study also used phenomenological techniques to analyse the data.

Findings
– The findings revealed that the interviewees have considerable exposure and awareness of the current criticisms of the shari’ah compliance of Islamic banks.

Originality/value
– This research is the first to study the shari’ah issues of Islamic banks in Malaysia from the customers’ perspective, by using a qualitative research approach. The findings of this study are of original importance, because they unveil the customers’ experience in an area that has been severely looked at from the professional and experts’ point of view only.
Equity market integration: the new emerging economy of Montenegro
Authors: G. Papavassiliou Vassilios 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of capital market integration between the Montenegrin stock market and a number of European Union (EU) countries and the USA.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use an equity data set at the daily frequency from 12 countries and 4 broad regions, spanning the period from March 2003 to September 2008. They investigate long-run and short-run dynamics using cointegration techniques, Granger causality tests and vector error correction models.Findings– The authors provide evidence for the existence of a long-run equilibrium between Montenegro and the developed countries of Western Europe and the USA. The investigation of short-run dynamics reveals that Montenegro follows an autonomous path, influenced mainly by domestic developments.Originality/value– This is the first study on the Montenegrin stock market which has been neglected by the academic community. Montenegro’s accession in the EU is imminent; thus the study of the level of its integration with the rest of EU countries, before its actual accession, is useful for regulators and policymakers. Various lessons of a more general nature can also be drawn from the analysis of this paper.
CEO compensation and the reported value of stock options in initial public offerings
Authors: J. Amoruso Anthony , D. Beams Joseph 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to test the effects that different compensation policies have on managerial discretion with regard to stock options.

Design/methodology/approach
– Hand-collected data from Securities and Exchange Commission registration statements are used to analyze the effects of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation policies on managerial discretion used in valuing stock options.

Findings
– This paper provides evidence that during the height of the initial public offering (IPO) bubble, CEO pay was associated with the undervaluation of stock options by IPO firms. The discretion varies with the relative mix of cash vs stock-based compensation. Firms with higher cash compensation tend to undervalue the unobservable market price of pre-IPO shares, leading to lower option values and a lower likelihood of reporting in-the-money options. Firms with greater stock-based compensation understate stock volatility, resulting in lower measures of the time-value component of options.

Practical implications
– The results provide evidence that firms attempted to disguise the true value of CEO pay when making IPOs. By disguising the value of options granted to the CEO, outsiders were not aware of the actual cost incurred and the true value of the company.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to document that IPO firms understate the non-observable market price of pre-IPO shares to manipulate the value of stock options. It also documents the effect of discretion in estimates of volatility on stock options and the link between this discretion and CEO compensation.
The versatile nature of coral‐associated viruses
Authors: Bettarel Yvan , Bouvier Thierry , Nguyen Hanh Kim , Thu Pham The 
Published: August 2014

SummaryA recent hypothesis considers that many coral pathologies are the result of a sudden structural alteration of the epibiotic bacterial communities in response to environmental disturbances. However, the ecological mechanisms that lead to shifts in their composition are still unclear. In the ocean, viruses represent a major bactericidal agent but little is known on their occurrence within the coral holobiont. Recent reports have revealed that viruses are abundant and diversified within the coral mucus and therefore could be decisive for coral health. However, their mode of action is still unknown, and there is now an urgent need to shed light on the nature of the relationships they might have with the other prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of the holobiont. In this opinion letter, we are putting forward the hypothesis that coral‐associated viruses (mostly bacterial and algal viruses), depending on the environmental conditions might either reinforce coral stability or conversely fasten their decline. We propose that these processes are presumably based on an environmentally driven shift in infection strategies allowing viruses to regulate, circumstantially, both coral symbionts (bacteria or Symbiodinium) and surrounding pathogens.
Stillbirth rates among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women in Queensland, Australia: is the gap closing?
Authors: Ibiebele I , Coory M , Boyle FM , Humphrey M , Vlack S , Flenady V 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether the disparity gap is closing between stillbirth rates for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women and to identify focal areas for future prevention efforts according to gestational age and geographic location.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study.SettingQueensland, Australia.PopulationAll singleton births of at least 20 weeks of gestation or at least 400 g birthweight.MethodsRoutinely collected data on births were obtained for the period 1995 to 2011. Indigenous and non‐Indigenous stillbirth rates and percent reduction in the gap were compared over time and by geographic location and gestational age.Main outcome measuresAll‐cause and cause‐specific stillbirth rates (per 1000 ongoing pregnancies).ResultsOver the study period there was a 57.3% reduction in the disparity gap. Although marked reductions in the gap were shown for women in regional (57.0%) and remote (56.1%) locations, these women remained at increased risk compared with those in urban regions. There was no reduction for term stillbirths. Major conditions contributing to the disparity were maternal conditions (diabetes) (relative risk [RR] 3.78, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.59–5.51), perinatal infection (RR 3.70, 95% CI 2.54–5.39), spontaneous preterm birth (RR 3.08, 95% CI 2.51–3.77), hypertension (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.45–3.39), fetal growth restriction (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.17–2.71) and antepartum haemorrhage (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.13–2.22).ConclusionsThe gap in stillbirth rates between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous women is closing, but Indigenous women continue to be at increased risk due to a number of potentially preventable conditions. There is little change in the gap at term gestational ages.
Cell‐type‐specific tonic GABA signaling in the rat central amygdala is selectively altered by acute and chronic ethanol
Authors: Herman Melissa Ann , Roberto Marisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is an important site for the reinforcing effects of ethanol and has been implicated in the development of alcohol dependence. The CeA GABAA receptor system is particularly vulnerable to the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure. Previous work in the CeA focused on ethanol and phasic GABAA receptor signaling, but tonic GABAA receptor signaling in the rat CeA remains understudied. In the present study, we found that the CeA contains two types of tonic conductance that are expressed in a cell‐type‐specific manner. Low threshold bursting (LTB) and some regular spiking (RS) neurons have an ongoing tonic conductance that is mediated by the α1‐GABAA receptor subunit and is insensitive to acute ethanol exposure. Late spiking (LS) and a separate population of RS neurons do not display a persistent tonic conductance but have the potential for tonic signaling that is mediated by the δ‐GABAA receptor subunit and can be activated by increasing the ambient GABA concentration or by acute ethanol exposure. Acute ethanol exposure differentially alters the firing discharge of different CeA cell types. Chronic ethanol exposure produces a switch in tonic signaling such that the tonic conductance in LTB and some RS neurons is lost and an ongoing tonic conductance is present in LS and a separate population of RS neurons. Collectively, these data demonstrate cell‐type‐specific tonic signaling in the CeA and provide new insight into how acute and chronic ethanol exposure differentially alter specific aspects of inhibitory circuitry in the CeA.
Anabolic androgenic steroids and violent offending: confounding by polysubstance abuse among 10 365 general population men
Authors: Lundholm Lena , Frisell Thomas , Lichtenstein Paul , Långström Niklas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsAnabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with aggressive and violent behaviour, but it remains uncertain if this relationship is causal in humans. We examined the link between AAS use and violent crime while controlling for polysubstance abuse and additional suggested risk factors for violence.DesignCross‐sectional study of a population‐based sample.SettingIn 2005, all Swedish‐born male twins aged 20–47 years were invited to participate in the Swedish Twin Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE) survey of the Swedish Twin Register (response rate = 60%).ParticipantsA total of 10 365 male survey participants with information on AAS use.MeasurementData on self‐reported use of AAS, alcohol and other substances, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and personality disorder symptoms were linked to nation‐wide, longitudinal register information on criminal convictions, IQ, psychological functioning and childhood socio‐economic status (SES) covariates.FindingsAny life‐time use of AAS was associated strongly with conviction for a violent crime [2.7 versus 0.6% in convicted and non‐convicted men, respectively; odds ratio (OR) = 5.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.7–9.3]. However, this link was substantially reduced and no longer significant when controlling for other substance abuse (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.8–3.3). Controlling for IQ, psychological functioning, ADHD, personality disorder symptoms and childhood SES did not reduce the risk further.ConclusionIn the general population, co‐occurring polysubstance abuse, but not IQ, other neuropsychological risks or socio‐economic status, explains most of the relatively strong association between any anabolic androgenic steroid use and conviction for a violent crime.
The impact of the tobacco retail outlet environment on adult cessation and differences by neighborhood poverty
Authors: Cantrell Jennifer , Anesetti‐Rothermel Andrew , Pearson Jennifer L. , Xiao Haijun , Vallone Donna , Kirchner Thomas R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsThis study examined the impact of tobacco retail outlets on cessation outcomes over time among non‐treatment‐seeking smokers and assessed differences by neighborhood poverty and individual factors.DesignObservational longitudinal cohort study using geospatial data. We used generalized estimating equations to examine cessation outcomes in relation to the proximity and density of tobacco retail outlets near the home.SettingEight largeDesignatedMediaAreas across theUnited States.ParticipantsA total of 2377 baseline smokers followed over three waves from 2008 to 2010.MeasurementsOutlet addresses were identified throughNorthAmericanIndustryClassificationSystem codes and proximity and density measures were constructed for each participant at each wave. Outcomes included past 30‐day abstinence and pro‐cessation attitudes.FindingsSmokers in high poverty census tracts living between 500 m and 1.9 km from an outlet were over two times more likely to be abstinent than those living fewer than 500 m from an outlet (P < 0.05). Density within 500 m of home was associated with reduced abstinence [odds ratio (OR) = 0.94; confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 0.98) and lower pro‐cessation attitudes (Coeff = −0.07,CI = −0.10, −0.03) only in high poverty areas. In low poverty areas, density within 500 m was associated with greater pro‐cessation attitudes (OR = 0.06;CI = 0.01, 0.12). Gender, education and heaviness of smoking did not moderate the impact of outlet proximity and density on cessation outcomes.ConclusionsIn theUnited States, density of tobacco outlets within 500 m of the home residence appears to be negatively associated with smoking abstinence and pro‐cessation attitudes only in poor areas.
Positron emission tomography‐positive thyroid nodules: rate of malignancy and histological features
Authors: Flukes Stephanie , Lenzo Nat , Moschilla Girolamo , Sader Chady 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThyroid nodules may be incidentally detected on 18F‐FDG‐positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Previous reports suggest a high incidence of malignancy in FDG‐avid nodules. The aims of this study were to examine the incidence of malignancy in a large cohort and to report on the histological features. The findings suggest that poor prognostic histologic features are often associated with FDG‐avid thyroid nodules and this may have clinical implications.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted. A database containing all patients who underwent PET scanning at a single tertiary referral centre from January 2006 to January 2013 was searched to identify those with incidental PET‐positive thyroid nodules. Patients with known preexisting thyroid disease were excluded from analysis. The demographics, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy result and operative histopathology were analysed.ResultsA total of 27 851 FDG‐PET scans were performed of which 221 found incidental PET‐positive thyroid nodules (incidence 0.8%). Fifty‐three patients went on to have further investigation and 21 of these were found to have malignant disease (incidence 39.6%). Histopathological examination of 12 malignant nodules revealed an expected rate of poor prognostic features, including poorly differentiated subtype (8.3%), lymphovascular invasion (16.7%), perineural invasion (8.3%) and extrathyroid extension (33.3%).ConclusionOur data indicate that PET‐positive thyroid nodules are associated with a high incidence of malignancy. This finding provides strong support for further investigation including FNA biopsy in all surgically suitable patients.
Mykologie – ein Update Teil 2: Dermatomykosen: Klinisches Bild und Diagnostik
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Krüger Constanze , Schaller Jörg , Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele , Schulte‐Beerbühl Rudolf , Tietz Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2014

ZusammenfassungPilzinfektionen der Haut werden in Deutschland und weltweit am häufigsten durch Dermatophyten verursacht. Die Tinea pedis ist die häufigste Pilzinfektion in den Industriestaaten der westlichen Welt. Ausgehend von dieser Dermatophytose entwickelt sich eine Tinea unguium. Insbesondere bei älteren Patienten kommt es infolge Autoinokulation von der Tinea pedis et unguium zu Tinea‐Formen der freien Haut. Die Tinea capitis tritt bei Erwachsenen selten auf. Dagegen gilt sie als häufigste Pilzinfektion im Kindesalter. Bei der antimykotischen Behandlung der Tinea unguium und der Tinea capitis kann ein Dermatophytid auftreten.Hefepilzinfektionen betreffen die Schleimhaut von Orointestinaltrakt und Genitalsystem. Die Candidose der Haut betrifft vorzugsweise die intertriginösen Regionen der Hautfalten. Dagegen ist die Pityriasis versicolor eine oberflächliche Pilzinfektion am Körperstamm. Schimmelpilzinfektionen sind selten und spielen fast nur bei der Onychomykose eine Rolle.Die Diagnostik von Dermatomykosen umfasst den mikroskopischen Pilznachweis mittels Kaliumhydroxid‐ bzw. alternativ fluoreszenzoptischem Blankophor‐Präparat und den kulturellen Pilznachweis. Dem histologischen Pilznachweis mittels PAS‐Färbung sollte aufgrund der hohen Empfindlichkeit insbesondere bei der Onychomykose‐Diagnostik ein wesentlich höherer Stellenwert zukommen. Mit der PCR, u. a. einem Dermatophyten‐PCR‐ELISA, lassen sich die Erreger direkt im klinischen Material spezifisch und hoch empfindlich nachweisen. Molekulare Methoden, auch die MALDI‐TOF (matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight)‐Massenspektrometrie (MS) als Kulturbestätigungstest, ergänzen die konventionelle mykologische Diagnostik.
Contrast set mining in temporal databases
Authors: Magalhães André , Azevedo Paulo J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the underlying differences between groups or classes in certain contexts can be of the utmost importance. Contrast set mining relies on discovering significant patterns by contrasting two or more groups. A contrast set is a conjunction of attribute–value pairs that differ meaningfully in its distribution across groups. A previously proposed technique is rules for contrast sets, which seeks to express each contrast set found in terms of rules. This work extends rules for contrast sets to a temporal data mining task. We define a set of temporal patterns in order to capture the significant changes in the contrasts discovered along the considered time line. To evaluate the proposal accuracy and ability to discover relevant information, two different real‐life data sets were studied using this approach.
Evaluation of fatigue life for titanium alloy TC4 under variable amplitude multiaxial loading
Authors: Wu Z.‐R. , Hu X.‐T. , Li Z. X. , Song Y.‐D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFatigue tests under variable amplitude multiaxial loading were conducted on titanium alloy TC4 tubular specimens. A method to estimate the fatigue life under variable amplitude multiaxial loading has been proposed. Multiaxial fatigue parameter based on Wu–Hu–Song approach and rainflow cycle counting and Miner–Palmgren rule were applied in this method. The capability of fatigue life prediction for the proposed method was checked against the test data of TC4 alloy under variable amplitude multiaxial loading. The prediction results are all within a factor of two scatter band of the test results.
Epidemiology ofHelicobacter pyloriInfection
Authors: Eusebi Leonardo H. , Zagari Rocco M. , Bazzoli Franco 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMedline and PubMed databases were searched on epidemiology ofHelicobacter pylorifor the period of April 2013–March 2014. Several studies have shown that the prevalence ofH. pyloriis still high in most countries. In north European and North American populations, about one‐third of adults are still infected, whereas in south and east Europe, South America, and Asia, the prevalence ofH. pyloriis often higher than 50%.H. pyloriremains highly prevalent in immigrants coming from countries with high prevalence ofH. pylori. However, the lower prevalence of infection in the younger generations suggests a further decline ofH. pyloriprevalence in the coming decades. Low socioeconomic conditions in childhood are confirmed to be the most important risk factors forH. pyloriinfection. Although the way the infection is transmitted is still unclear, interpersonal transmission appears to be the main route. Finally,H. pylorirecurrence after successful eradication can still occur, but seems to be an infrequent event.