bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ReMAR: a preoperative CT angiography guided metal artifact reduction framework designed for follow-up CTA of endovascular coiling
Authors: Zhang Yaoyu , Liu Lunxin , Yu Hui , Wang Tao , Zhang Yi , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Follow-up computed tomography angiography (CTA) is necessary for ensuring occlusion effect of endovascular coiling. However, the implanted metal coil will introduce artifacts that have a negative spillover into radiologic assessment. Method. A framework named ReMAR is proposed in this paper for metal artifacts reduction (MARs) from follow-up CTA of patients with coiled aneurysms. It employs preoperative CTA to provide the prior knowledge of the aneurysm and the expected position of the coil as a guidance thus balances the metal artifacts removal performance and clinical feasibility. The ReMAR is composed of three modules: segmentation, registration and MAR module. The segmentation and registration modules obtain the metal coil knowledge via implementing aneurysms delineation on preoperative CTA and alignment of follow-up CTA. The MAR module consisting of hybrid convolutional neural network- and transformer- architectures is utilized to restore sinogram and remove the artifact from reconstructed image. Both image quality and vessel rendering effect after metal artifacts removal are assessed in order to responding clinical concerns. Main results. A total of 137 patients undergone endovascular coiling have been enrolled in the study: 13 of them have complete diagnosis/follow-up records for end-to-end validation, while the rest lacked of follow-up records are used for model training. Quantitative metrics show ReMAR significantly reduced the metal-artifact burden in follow-up CTA. Qualitative ranks show ReMAR could preserve the morphology of blood vessels during artifact removal as desired by doctors. Significance. The ReMAR could significantly remove the artifacts caused by implanted metal coil in the follow-up CTA. It can be used to enhance the overall image quality and convince CTA an alternative to invasive follow-up in treated intracranial aneurysm.
Automatic planning for functional lung avoidance radiotherapy based on function-guided beam angle selection and plan optimization
Authors: Xiong Tianyu , Zeng Guangping , Chen Zhi , Huang Yu-Hua , Li Bing , Zhou Dejun , Liu Xi , Sheng Yang , Ren Ge , Wu Qingrong Jackie , Ge Hong , Cai Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to develop a fully automatic planning framework for functional lung avoidance radiotherapy (AP-FLART). Approach. The AP-FLART integrates a dosimetric score-based beam angle selection method and a meta-optimization-based plan optimization method, both of which incorporate lung function information to guide dose redirection from high functional lung (HFL) to low functional lung (LFL). It is applicable to both contour-based FLART (cFLART) and voxel-based FLART (vFLART) optimization options. A cohort of 18 lung cancer patient cases underwent planning-CT and SPECT perfusion scans were collected. AP-FLART was applied to generate conventional RT (ConvRT), cFLART, and vFLART plans for all cases. We compared automatic against manual ConvRT plans as well as automatic ConvRT against FLART plans, to evaluate the effectiveness of AP-FLART. Ablation studies were performed to evaluate the contribution of function-guided beam angle selection and plan optimization to dose redirection. Main results. Automatic ConvRT plans generated by AP-FLART exhibited similar quality compared to manual counterparts. Furthermore, compared to automatic ConvRT plans, HFL mean dose, V
20, and V
5 were significantly reduced by 1.13 Gy (p < .001), 2.01% (p < .001), and 6.66% (p < .001) respectively for cFLART plans. Besides, vFLART plans showed a decrease in lung functionally weighted mean dose by 0.64 Gy (p < .01), fV
20 by 0.90% (p = 0.099), and fV
5 by 5.07% (p < .01) respectively. Though inferior conformity was observed, all dose constraints were well satisfied. The ablation study results indicated that both function-guided beam angle selection and plan optimization significantly contributed to dose redirection. Significance. AP-FLART can effectively redirect doses from HFL to LFL without severely degrading conventional dose metrics, producing high-quality FLART plans. It has the potential to advance the research and clinical application of FLART by providing labor-free, consistent, and high-quality plans.
Aerosol-based multihollow surface DBD: a promising approach for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Fujera Jiří , Homola Tomáš , Jirásek Vít , Ondráček Jakub , Tarabová Barbora , Prukner Václav , Šimek Milan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nonthermal plasma reactors, which enable electrical discharges to be generated in various gases and both liquid and gaseous water, have attracted considerable attention as an alternative method for producing ammonia and fixing nitrogen. In this work, we investigated the basic performance of multihollow surface dielectric barrier discharge (MSDBD) to generate plasma in synthetic air and nitrogen-containing admixtures of water aerosols. The MSDBD in combination with the aerosol stream represents a rather complex geometry for generating the discharge; the plasma is significantly affected by the physicochemical properties of water aerosols on the one hand, on the other hand, this system facilitates the solvation of gaseous plasma products in water and the production of plasma-activated nitrogen-rich water (PAW). The plasma interaction with the water aerosols was studied using optical emission spectroscopy and a scanning mobility particle sizer to provide information about the size and distribution of the water particles entering and exiting the plasma reactor. The gas exiting the plasma reactor was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the PAW collected in an ice-cooled vessel was analyzed for nitrates (NO2
−), nitrites (NO3
−), and ammonia (NH3). MSDBD shows promise as a catalyst- and H2-free method for fixing nitrogen in water. Additionally, given the low energy consumption (<5 W) of MSDBD and the straightforward construction of the plasma unit, the suggested approach for PAW production offers a viable route for advancing a decentralized sustainable economy.
Continuous and deterministic all-photonic cluster state of indistinguishable photons
Authors: Su Zu-En , Taitler Boaz , Schwartz Ido , Cogan Dan , Nassar Ismail , Kenneth Oded , Lindner Netanel H , Gershoni David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cluster states are key resources for measurement-based quantum information processing. Photonic cluster and graph states, in particular, play indispensable roles in quantum network and quantum metrology. We demonstrate a semiconductor quantum dot based device in which the confined hole spin acts as a needle in a quantum knitting machine producing continuously and deterministically at sub-Gigahertz repetition rate single indistinguishable photons which are all polarization entangled to each other and to the spin in a one dimensional cluster state. By projecting two nonadjacent photons onto circular polarization bases we disentangle the spin from the photons emitted in between. This way we demonstrate a novel way for producing deterministic and continuous all-photonic cluster states. We use polarization tomography on four sequentially detected photons to demonstrate and to directly quantify the robustness of the cluster’s entanglement and the determinism in its photon generation.
Gaussian quantum metrology for mode-encoded parameters
Authors: Sorelli Giacomo , Gessner Manuel , Treps Nicolas , Walschaers Mattia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quantum optical metrology aims to identify ultimate sensitivity bounds for the estimation of parameters encoded into quantum states of the electromagnetic field. In many practical applications, including imaging, microscopy, and remote sensing, the parameter of interest is not only encoded in the quantum state of the field, but also in its spatio-temporal distribution, i.e. in its mode structure. In this mode-encoded parameter estimation setting, we derive an analytical expression for the quantum Fisher information valid for arbitrary multimode Gaussian fields. To illustrate the power of our approach, we apply our results to the estimation of the transverse displacement of a beam and to the temporal separation between two pulses. For these examples, we show how the estimation sensitivity can be enhanced by adding squeezing into specific modes.
Metasurface loaded dual band antenna for high gain on- and off- body communication
Authors: Ali Esraa Mousa , Islam Tanvir , Awan Wahaj Abbas , Alzaidi Mohammed S. , Alkanhel Reem , Elkamchouchi Dalia H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metasurfaces are specially made materials designed to have unique properties not found in nature. They are categorized into different types, such as artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), partial reflecting surfaces (PRS), and frequency selective surfaces (FSS). Among these, FSS is commonly used in today’s technology to improve antenna performance, especially in boosting signal strength by blocking unwanted radiation. Recent research is focused on creating FSS-based antennas for Ultra-wideband (UWB) or single band applications, with a significant emphasis on enhancing signal strength. Unlike traditional methods, this study concentrates on designing antennas that are both simple in shape and offers broader frequency coverage, specifically for 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz applications. To enhance antenna performance, a dual-band FSS is employed, optimizing the system for improved operation at both resonating frequencies. This results in a high-gain antenna system, which is further investigated for body area network (BAN) systems, considering the crucial performance metric of specific absorption rate (SAR). The findings are compared with recently reported FSS-based antennas to underscore their scientific contribution and potential for high gain, low SAR applications within the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency bands.
Recovery of damaged information via scrambling in indefinite causal order
Authors: Jin Tian-Ren , Li Tian-Ming , Wang Zheng-An , Xu Kai , Zhang Yu-Ran , Fan Heng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scrambling prevents the access to local information with local operators and therefore can be used to protect quantum information from damage caused by local perturbations. Even though partial quantum information can be recovered if the type of the damage is known, the initial target state cannot be completely recovered, because the obtained state is a mixture of the initial state and a maximally mixed state. Here, we demonstrate an improved scheme to recover damaged quantum information via scrambling in indefinite causal order. We show that scheme with indefinite causal order can record information of the damage and distill the initial state from the damaged state simultaneously. It allows us to retrieve initial information versus any damage. Moreover, by iterating the schemes, the initial quantum state can be completely recovered. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate our schemes on the cloud-based quantum computer, named as Quafu. Our work proposes a feasible scheme to protect whole quantum information from damage, which is also compatible with other techniques such as quantum error corrections and entanglement purification protocols. We expect that our scheme will be useful in the both quantum information recovery from the damage and systems bench-marking.
Exploring the AC conductivity and dielectric properties of PVA films doped with Erythrosin B
Authors: Ali H A M , El-Zaidia E F M , Darwish A A A , Farid A S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Erythrosin B (EB) doped in PVA film was processed utilizing the casting procedure, and the structure was investigated via the Fourier Transformation infrared technique (FTIR). FTIR analysis presented a strong formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among PVA and EB hydroxyl groups (OH). Characteristic temperature and frequency variation of dielectric behavior and AC electrical conductivity for films of PVA doped with Erythrosin B were analyzed at (293–383 K) temperature and (102–106 Hz) frequency. The AC conductivity dependency indicates that the predominant conduction mechanism in PVA doped with Erythrosin B films follows the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The charge carriers’ hopping involving localized states causes a relaxation process. Estimates were made for the AC conductivity activation energy and the conductivity relaxation energy. Frequency and temperature affect the dielectric constant (ε′) and the dielectric loss (ε″). The complex impedance spectrum (Z′ versus Z″) showed single semicircular arcs with a decreased radius with increasing temperature. The relaxation peaks in the electric modulus representation are clearly defined, and the relaxation period has been calculated.
Five-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes under massive scalar perturbation: bound states and quasinormal modes
Authors: Li Wenbin , Lu Kai-Peng , LiMing W , Huang Jia-Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The stability of five-dimensional singly rotating Myers-Perry Black Holes against massive scalar perturbations is studied. Both the quasibound states and quasinormal modes of the massive scalar field are considered. For the quasibound states, we use an analytical method to discuss the effective potential felt by the scalar field, and found that there is no potential well outside the event horizon. Thus, singly rotating Myers-Perry Black Holes are stable against the perturbation of quasibound states of massive scalar fields. Then, we use continued fraction method based on solving a seven-term recurrence relations to compute the spectra of the quasinormal modes. For different values of the black hole rotation parameter a, scalar mass parameter μ and angular quantum numbers, all found quasinormal modes are damped. Besides, when the scalar mass μ becomes relatively large, the long-living quasiresonances are also found as in other rotating black hole models. Our results complement previous arguments on the stability of five-dimensional singly rotating Myers-Perry black holes against massive scalar perturbations.
AC losses in macroscopic thin-walled superconducting cylinders
Authors: Tsindlekht M I , Genkin V M , Felner I , Zeides F , Katz N , Gazi Š , Chromik Š , Dobrovolskiy O V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Measurements of the ac response represent a valuable method for probing the properties of superconductors. In the surface superconducting state (SSS), a current exceeding the surface critical current I
c leads to breakdown of SSS and penetration of external magnetic field into the sample bulk. An interesting free-of-bulk system in SSS is offered by thin-walled cylinders. According to the full penetration of magnetic flux (FPMF) model, each time the instant value of an ac field is equal to a certain critical value, the ac susceptibility χ will exhibit jumps as a function of the ac field amplitude H
ac because of the periodic destruction and restoration of SSS in the cylinder wall. Here we study the low-frequency (128–8192 Hz) ac response of thin-walled niobium cylinders under superimposed dc and ac magnetic fields applied parallel to the cylinder axis. In contrast to the FPMF model predictions, experiments reveal a smooth
χ(H
ac) dependence. To explain the experimental observations, we propose a phenomenological partial penetration magnetic flux (PPMF) model, which assumes that after restoration of the superconducting state, the magnetic fields inside and outside the cylinder are unequal and the magnitude of the penetrating flux is random for every penetration. This model fits very well the experimental data on the temperature dependence of the first harmonic χ
1 for any dc field and ac amplitude.
Dichloro-tin (IV) hexadeca-fluoro-phthalocyanine (F16PcSnCl2) thin film on porous silicon layers by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, for possible application in optoelectronics devices
Authors: Cuate Gomez D H , Garzón Román A , Sosa Sanchez J L , Zuñiga Islas C , Lugo J M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Phthalocyanines represent a significant class of organic semiconductors that have garnered attention for their potential applications in conducting polymers and organic electronics. The unique structural characteristics of phthalocyanines, coupled with the intriguing chemical behavior and variations in bandgap associated with different substitution sites, offer exciting prospects for designing novel application devices. In this study, we have successfully fabricated a heterostructure incorporating dichloro tin (IV) hexa deca fluoro phthalocyanine (F16PcSnCl2) on both porous silicon (PS) and crystalline silicon (c-Si). The PS substrate was prepared using metal-assisted chemical etching. To explore the optoelectronic applications, we thoroughly characterized the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of the heterostructure. F16PcSnCl2 exhibits the lowest reflectance within the visible light spectrum, making it highly advantageous for photosensitive applications that necessitate efficient light absorption, diffusion, or scattering. The morphological analysis of the F16PcSnCl2 film reveals the presence of nanosphere-type structures uniformly distributed on both PS and c-Si substrates. The absorbance spectrum exhibits three distinct bands, which serve as typical indicators of the F16PcSnCl2 complex. Several hybrid heterostructures were fabricated for electrical characterization, displaying rectifying ohmic behavior and demonstrating a photocurrent effect in the I-V curves. Notably, when the heterostructures were polarized at 1 V, a pronounced response to pulses of white light was observed in the current–time curves. Overall, the integration of organic and inorganic materials in heterostructures holds great promise for innovative applications in optoelectronics.
Fractional non-Fourier modeling of laser drilling process
Authors: Hassan Ayman F , Abidou Diaa , Elsaid A , Zahra W K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a novel fractional non-Fourier model is employed to simulate the laser drilling process, addressing limitations inherent in classical heat conduction equations, including the well-known heat equation paradox associated with infinite heat propagation velocity. This model approach combines spatial approximation via the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin method with temporal approximation using the Grünwald-Letnikov finite difference scheme. The study assesses the impact of employing fractional orders, both constant and variable over time, on numerical results, and validates the model using experimental data.
Polarization independent perfect absorption of borophene metamaterials operating in the communication band
Authors: Xiang Ting , Sun Zhe , Wang Lingling , Lin Qi , Liu Gui-dong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and black phosphorus, support deeply confined and tunable plasmons, making them suitable for designing absorbers with ultra-compact size and flexible manipulation. However, the operating frequency of such plasmonic absorbers is difficult to control to the communication band. Here, we propose a metamaterials composed of a borophene array, a dielectric layer and a metal reflector to achieve an optical perfect absorber near the communication wavelength of 1550 nm. In order to overcome the polarization sensitivity caused by anisotropic borophene materials, another borophene layer is introduced to achieve a polarization independent absorber, which can be attributed to the fact that the energy of the electromagnetic field is transferred between two borophene arrays as the polarization angle changes. In addition, through the modulation of carrier density, it is feasible to fine-tune the resonance wavelength of the absorber to 1330 nm, which corresponds precisely to the second communication window. This work may provide a theoretical foundation for the development of polarization independent devices, potentially broadening the scope of their applications.
Optical signals measurement of discharge plasma in air switch cabinet using a fluorescent optical fiber as the sensor
Authors: Cheng Hongtu , Hao Weidong , Zhu Xi , Fang Zhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Air switch cabinets are widely employed in the power industry, there is, however, no reliable methods for detecting partial discharges (PDs). Because fiber optic-based sensors are easy to install and have anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, they are well suited for PDs detection in switch cabinets with their many components and metal shell structure. In this work, corona discharge in an air switch cabinet was detected using fluorescent fiber, and the characteristics of PDs were analyzed. Furthermore, experimental investigations were conducted to explore the impact of gas pressure and fiber length on the PDs detection. The results exhibit a correlation between the aforementioned factors and the PDs’ total amplitude, maximum amplitude, number of pulses and detection limit of PD quantity. The results can provide references for the application of fluorescent optical fiber on the PD detection in air switch cabinet.
Quantization of resistivity as consequence of symmetry invariance
Authors: Lizarraga Jorge A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Schrödinger equation for a spinless electron under the influence of a constant electromagnetic field is analyzed based on the conserved operators of the system when the magnetic field is described by Landau’s gauge. For this specific situation, the Lorentz force can be recovered if two conserved generalized momentum operators are considered: one along the x-axis and the second along the y-axis. From the general solution obtained, a time-dependent ground state is constructed characterized by quantized resistivity proportional to integer multiples of von Klitzing’s constant when an invariance condition under a unitary transform is satisfied.
Fluid models calculation of Ar/CF4 radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Elsheikh M G , Abdelsalam Y , Moslem W M , Shihab M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A fluid model is used to calculate plasma density in radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas (RF-CCPs), assuming geometrically symmetric Ar/CF4. Electrodes are powered by a 200 V sinusoidal wavefront at 13.56 MHz. The gap between the electrodes is 5 cm. The plasma species density is calculated as a function of the gas pressure, electron temperature, and gas composition. As expected from recent experiments,

CF

3

+

and F are dominant for all simulation parameters (Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2022; 42: 989-1002, 2013 Pulsed Power Conference (PPC), 19th IEEE, DOI:10.1109/PPC.2013.6627595). The results explain the pathways to perform atomic layer etching and nanolayer deposition processes. In order to reveal the effect of electron heating on the discharge dynamics, the spatiotemporal electron energy equation is coupled with the fluid model. Tailoring the driven potential has been found to control the concentration of some plasma species. When the plasma is driven by the fundamental frequency, ohmic and stochastic heating allow electrons to be heated symmetrically. Higher harmonics give rise to an electrical asymmetry and an electron heating asymmetry between the powered and grounded sheaths. The electron temperature depends on the driven harmonics; it adjusts gain and loss rates and some plasma species densities.
Trigonometric Lagrange-Jacobi functions
Authors: Rampho Gaotsiwe J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a class of trigonometric Lagrange-mesh functions constructed from the Lagrange-Jacobi functions. These functions extend the set of trigonometric Lagrange-mesh functions to beyond only those constructed directly from the sine and cosine functions. Trigonometric Lagrange-Chebyshev functions obtained from the presented trigonometric Lagrange-Jacobi functions are equivalent to known trigonometric Lagrange-Chebyshev functions constructed directly from the sine and cosine functions and generate identical matrix elements for the kinetic energy operator.