bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Associated B Cells: A T-bet–Dependent Effector with Roles in Protective and Pathogenic Immunity
Authors: Rubtsova Kira , Rubtsov Anatoly V. , Cancro Michael P. , Marrack Philippa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A newly discovered B cell subset, age-associated B cells, expresses the transcription factor T-bet, has a unique surface phenotype, and accumulates progressively with age. Moreover, B cells with these general features are associated with viral infections and autoimmunity in both mice and humans. In this article, we review current understanding of the characteristics, origins, and functions of these cells. We also suggest that the protective versus pathogenic actions of these cells reflect appropriate versus aberrant engagement of regulatory mechanisms that control the Ab responses to nucleic acid–containing Ags.
The influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels and periodontal parameters: A study in an Indian population
Authors: Gupta Namita , Gupta Narinder Dev , Gupta Akash , Goyal Lata , Garg Sagar 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: Although many studies reported more severe periodontal disease and the existing proinflammatory conditions in patients with diabetes but only few have examined the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) level and other periodontal parameters. This study aims to evaluate the effect of type 2 DM on salivary MMP-8 levels and periodontal parameters, which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects were selected for the study and were divided into three groups: Group I included 30 healthy subjects; Group II included 30 subjects without type 2 DM but with chronic periodontitis, and Group III included 30 subjects with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were taken. The salivary MMP-8 level was estimated by Quantikine Human total MMP-8 immunoassay kit using ELISA method. Results: The mean value of the salivary MMP-8 of Group III was highest followed by Group II and Group I, the least. The other periodontal parameters PI, GI, PPD, CAL, was comparatively highest for Group III. Conclusion: This study suggests that diabetes is associated with an increased prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, the increased levels of MMP-8 indicate the influence of diabetes on their salivary concentration.
Evaluation of stress distributions in peri-implant and periodontal bone tissues in 3- and 5-unit tooth and implant-supported fixed zirconia restorations by finite elements analysis
Authors: Guven Sedat , Beydemir Koksal , Dundar Serkan , Eratilla Veysel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: In this study, it is aimed to compare the distribution of stress on periodontal and peri-implant bone tissues in 3- and 5-unit-dental and implant-supported zirconia restorations using finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: Stress distribution formed in periodontal and peri-implant bone tissues as a result of chewing forces was analyzed in dental and implant-supported three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of zirconia restoration with 5-unit placed on the numbers of 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47 and with 3-unit placed on the number of 45, 46, and 47. Four different loading conditions were used. 200 N force was applied in 30° from the buccal inclination of number 43, 45, and 47 restorations separately and totally 850 N force was applied in 30° from the buccal inclination of whole restoration. The study was performed through static nonlinear analysis with the 3D finite element analysis method. Results: Stress accumulation in bone tissues in the tooth-supported model was found less than in implant-supported models. Stress accumulation was observed in the cervical portion of the implant in implant-supported models, and stress accumulation was observed surrounding bone of roots in tooth-supported models. The highest stress values were occurred in 5 unit implant-supported model in all loadings. Conclusion: In posterior restorations increased in the number of supported teeth and implant can reduce the destructive forces on periodontal and peri-implant bone tissues and may allow longer period retention of the restorations in the mouth.
Antimicrobial activity of a temporary sealant used in endodontic treatment: An in vitro study
Authors: Domingos Helena Baruffaldi , Gonçalves Lucio Souza , de Uzeda Milton 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of Coltosol® in direct contact with human saliva. Materials and Methods: Twelve different individuals were selected. Saliva samples were evaluated at four different time periods: Baseline 1 (T1-initial control), T2 (2 h), T4 (24 h after contact with a standardized sample of a coronary sealer) and baseline 2 (T3-fi nal control). Seeded plates were incubated at 37°C in a bacterial incubator for a period of 48–72 h. After the incubation period, the colony forming units were counted, and the results compared. Results: Differences were statistically significant. There was an inhibition of bacterial growth after the fi rst 2 h of contact and an increase in the number of bacteria after 24 h of direct contact between the material and the saliva. Coltosol® presented bacterial growth inhibition in direct contact with saliva. This inhibitory effect tended to decrease over time, as shown by the two periods when the material was in contact with different samples of saliva. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of the material is an important feature; however, other physical and chemical properties of the coronary temporary sealer should be considered.
Evaluation of non-surgical therapy on glutathione levels in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Palwankar Pooja , Rana Minakshi , Arora Kapil , Deepthy C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the levels of glutathione (GSH), both oxidized and reduced forms in patients with and without chronic periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods: Twenty GCF samples from maxillary quadrants were collected using capillary micropipettes from the chronic periodontitis patients (test group) at baseline before treatment, at 1-month, 3 months, and 6 months after scaling and root planing and samples from 20 patients without chronic periodontitis (control group) from maxillary quadrants were also collected. GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and GSH: GSSG ratios were determined using the spectrophotometric method. Statistical Analysis: Results were concluded for the test over control groups using paired Student's t-test. Results: Lower concentrations of GSH (P < 0.001) and GSSG (P < 0.001) were detected in GCF in patients with chronic periodontitis (test group) than patients without chronic periodontitis (control group) at baseline. Treatment had a significant effect in improving the GSH and reducing GSSG levels postscaling and root planing at 1-month and 3 months but not significant effect at 6 months. Scaling and root planing increased the GSH: GSSG ratio (P < 0.001) in the test group as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The concentrations of GSH within GCF are reduced in chronic periodontitis patients. Scaling and root planing (nonsurgical therapy) restores GSH concentration in GCF post 1-month and 3 months along with redox balance (GSH: GSSG ratio), but at 6 months the balance is not maintained. Adjunctive use of micronutritional supplements to boost antioxidant concentration in tissues by preserving GSH or by elevating its level at the inflamed sites is recommended, as nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone is not able to maintain redox balance for longer duration.
The prevalence and consequences of burnout on a group of preclinical dental students
Authors: Atalayin Cigdem , Balkis Murat , Tezel Huseyin , Onal Banu , Kayrak Gul 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of burnout among a group of Turkish preclinical dental students, to compare the level of burnout and to determine the consequences in structural equation model. Materials and Methods: Preclinical dental students (n = 329, 50.5% of females and 49.5% of males) aged between 18 and 24 took part in the study. Maslach burnout inventory student version, academic satisfaction scale, and personal information sheet were used to gather data. Pearson correlation analyses, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The proposed theoretical model was tested via observed variable path analysis using maximum likelihood parameter estimation with AMOS 7.0. Results: About 22.3% of students had high level of emotional exhaustion, 16.7% of students had high level of cynicism, and 17.9% of students suffered from high level of reduced academic efficacy. While the students attending the first grade reported higher level of reduced academic efficacy, the students in the third grade reported higher level of emotional exhaustion. Academic workload played an important role in the development of burnout. As consequences of burnout, students with high levels of burnout intended to change their current major and did not to plan to continue to postgraduate education. Students with high level of burnout reported less level of academic satisfaction and academic achievement. Conclusions: Creating awareness on the burnout of dental students from the preclinical period may be useful for prevention and more compatible dental education environment.
Establishment of a new relationship between posed smile width and lower facial height: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abraham Aby , George Jinu , Peter Elbe , Philip Koshi , Chankramath Rajesh , Johns Dexton Antony , Bhaskar Anitha 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study is intended to add a new parameter that would be useful in orthodontic clinical evaluation, treatment planning, and determination of vertical dimension (at occlusion). Materials and Methods: Standardized videographic recording of 79 subjects during posed smile was captured. Each video was then cut into 30 photos using the free studio software. The widest commissure-to-commissure posed smile frame (posed smile width [SW]) was selected as one of 10 or more frames showing an identical smile. Lower third of the face is measured from subnasale to soft tissue menton using a digital vernier caliper. Two values were then compared. Ratio between lower facial height and posed SW was calculated. Results: The co-relation between smiling width and lower facial height was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The ratio of lower facial height and smiling width was calculated as 1.0016 with a standard deviation (SD) = 0.04 in males and 1.0301 with an SD = 0.07 in females. The difference between the mean lower facial height in males and females was statistically significant with a t = 10.231 and P = 0.000. The difference between the mean smiling width in males and females was also statistically significant with a t = 5.653 and P = 0.000. Conclusion: In class I subjects with pleasing appearance, normal facial proportions, normal overjet and overbite, and average Frankfort mandibular angle, the lower facial height (subnasale to soft tissue menton) is equal to posed SW.
Impact of different malocclusion types on the vertical mandibular asymmetry in young adult sample
Authors: Al Taki Amjad , Ahmed Mohammed H. , Ghani Hussain A. , Al Kaddah Fatma 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical mandibular asymmetry in a group of adult patients with different types of malocclusions, based on Angle's dental classification. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 patients (age range 19–28) who went for routine orthodontic treatment in the institution were divided into four groups: Class I, 26 patients; Class II/1, 30 patients; Class III, 23 patients; and control group (CG) with normal occlusion, 23 patients. Condylar asymmetry index (CAI), ramal asymmetry index (RAI), condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values were measured for all patients on panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Results: The results of the analysis showed that different occlusal types significantly affected the vertical symmetry of the mandible at the condylar level. Class I and Class II/1 malocclusion groups showed a significant difference in CAI values relative to the CG (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the CG and Class III malocclusion group (P > 0.05). Comparisons between Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions revealed a significant difference in CAI values (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Both Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions patients had significantly higher CAI values compared to CG and Class III group. CAI value was significantly higher in Class II/1 malocclusion compared to Class I malocclusion. Both these malocclusions could act as a predisposing factor for having asymmetric condyles if left untreated.
The effect of implant angulation and splinting on stress distribution in implant body and supporting bone: A finite element analysis
Authors: Behnaz Ebadian , Ramin Mosharraf , Abbasi Samaneh , Pouya Memar Ardestani , Mahmood Farzin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant crown splinting and the use of angulated abutment on stress distribution in implant body and surrounding bone by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: For this study, three models with two implants at the site of mandibular right second premolar and first molar were designed (1): Both implants, parallel to adjacent teeth, with straight abutments (2): Anterior implant with 15 mesial angulations and posterior implant were placed parallel to adjacent tooth, (3): Both implants with 15 mesial angulations and parallel to each other with 15° angulated abutments. Restorations were modeled in two shapes (splinted and nonsplinted). Loading in tripod manner as each point 50 N and totally 300 N was applied. Stress distribution in relation to splinting or nonsplinting restorations and angulations was done with ABAQUS6.13. Results: Splinting the restorations in all situations, led to lower stresses in all implant bodies, cortical bone and spongy bone except for the spongy bone around angulated first molar. Angulated implant in nonsplinted restoration cause lower stresses in implant body and bone but in splinted models more stresses were seen in implant body in comparison with straight abutment (model 2). Stresses in nonsplinted and splinted restorations in cortical bone of angulated molar region were more than what was observed in straight molar implant (model 3). Conclusion: Implant restorations splinting lead to a better distribution of stresses in implant bodies and bone in comparison with nonsplinted restorations, especially when the load is applied off center to implant body. Angulations of implant can reduce stresses when the application of the load is in the same direction as the implant angulation.
Single nucleotide polymorphism at −1087 locus of interleukin-10 gene promoter is associated with severe chronic periodontitis in nonsmoking patients
Authors: Crena Jasmine , Subramanian Sangeetha , Victor Dayanand John , Gnana Prakash Ponnudurai Samuel , Ramanathan Arvind 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of interleukin (IL)-10 gene, which codes for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, have been associated with its level of production in chronic periodontitis. The prevalence of promoter SNP genotypes is known in other populations with chronic periodontitis, while its association in the Indian population is not known. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of IL-10 promoter polymorphism in a racially defined group of Indians with severe chronic periodontitis as the Indian population is known to be genetically diverse. Materials and Methods: Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from 46 nonsmoking patients with severe chronic periodontitis and 45 subjects with healthy periodontium. A SNP locus at −1087 of IL-10 was chosen, as this locus has been frequently associated with chronic periodontitis in other population. Genotyping was carried out using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), and the frequencies of genotype were analyzed between the groups. Results: The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies showed significant differences between the study groups. The prevalence of genotype AA alleles at −1087 locus of IL-10 was significantly higher in severe chronic periodontitis patients compared to the healthy controls (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The study has identified a positive association between the occurrence of AA allele at −1087 locus of IL-10 gene and severe chronic periodontitis in nonsmoking patients.
Expression of E-cadherin in normal oral mucosa, in oral precancerous lesions and in oral carcinomas
Authors: Sridevi Ugrappa , Jain Ajay , Nagalaxmi Velpula , Kumar Ugrappa Vijay , Goyal Stuti 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of E-cad in oral precancerous lesions and conditions and oral carcinomas in comparison with normal mucosa. Materials and Methods: Total of 50 samples were selected for the study and were categorized into five groups and 10 samples in each group as Group I-oral leukoplakia (OL), Group II-oral lichen planus (OLP), Group III-oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), Group IV-oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Group V-normal oral mucosa (NOM) as control group. All the samples were assessed for the expression of E-cad by immunohistochemical study. Results: Upon assessing the expression of E-cad in OL, OSMF, OLP and OSCC, as majority of the samples with OSCC (90%), OL (80%), OLP (70%) and OSMF (60%) showed mild to moderate expression of E-cad staining, which was suggestive of reduction in dysplastic cells on comparison to NOM cells. This difference in expression and variation of E-cad upon comparison with normal mucosa was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There is significant (P < 0.001) variation of expression of E-cad with the histopathological dysplasia of the oral precancerous lesions and conditions, and the tumor differentiation of the oral cancers. However, there was no correlation of the degree of loss of expression of E-cad with the degree of dysplasia or the tumor differentiation of oral cancers. We conclude with our study that, there is a variation in the expression of E-cad but its value as a prognostic marker is questionable.
Effect of spreader size on microleakage of roots filled with cold lateral compaction technique
Authors: Turk Tugba , Piskin Beyser , Orucoglu Hasan , Aydin Berdan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of spreader size on apical leakage of maxillary incisor teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 permanent human teeth with no carious and no fracture or crack were used for this study. After removing the crown from the cementoenamel junction and the standardization of the root lengths, the specimens were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 - Roots were not instrumented. Group 2 - Root canals were enlarged using the step-back technique to a #40 file and filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC) of gutta-percha (GP). Group 3 - During the filling procedure, the first spreader used was size 40. Group 4 - The first spreader used was size 35. Group 5 - The initial spreader used was size 25. The amount of leakage through the filled root canals was evaluated by computerized fluid filtration model. Statistical analyzes were done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). While the uninstrumented group (Group 1) had no leakage, instrumented but not filled roots (Group 2) demonstrated the highest leakage values. There were no differences between Group 3 and 4. Group 5 showed significantly less leakage than Group 3 and 4. Conclusion: Spreader size used during CLC of GP appeared to be a significant factor on apical leakage of roots. Using smaller size spreader during CLC may provide relatively less leakage.
Guidelines to enhance the interpretation of two-dimensional periapical radiographic images in endodontics
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRadiology is an indispensable tool in the clinical practice of endodontics because most structures that harbor diseases are invisible to the naked eye. As a result, the use of periapical radiographs before, during, and after root canal treatment is essential in order that anatomical details, canal length, obturation quality, and tooth and bone pathology can be identified and monitored. The purpose of this article is to discuss the guidelines that should be followed to enhance the interpretation of periapical radiographic images in endodontics and to facilitate the identification of root and root morphology, relationship of the teeth to the surrounding anatomical structures and pathological changes in the radicular and peri-radicular areas.
Facial talon cusp in a mesiodens: A rare occurrence
Authors: Acharya Sonu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSupernumerary teeth are the ones which are extra in comparison to the normal dentition. The most common type of supernumerary, which is reported is mesiodens which is seen between maxillary central incisors. The supernumerary teeth may be associated with a syndrome or can be seen in nonsyndromic cases too. Talon cusp also known as Eagle′s Talon is an accessory cusp like structure or an extra cusp on an anterior tooth, which is usually present in the palatal aspect of teeth. The association of mesiodens with a talon cusp is a rare occurrence itself. Here, we report a case of a facial talon cusp in a mesiodens in an 8-year-old male child, which is quite rare.
Retreatment of endodontically failed tooth with wide-open apex using platelet rich fibrin membrane as matrix and an apical plug of Biodentine™
Authors: Pawar Ajinkya Mansing , Pawar Suraj M. , Pawar Mansing G. , Kokate Sharad R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe primary reason for an endodontic failure is the persistence or regrowth of bacteria within the root canal system, and such cases require retreatment. The tooth root development and closure of its apex occurs till 3 years after the eruption. Traumatic injuries during this development period result in endodontic complications. While dealing with a tooth, with an open apex the prime objective was eliminating bacteria from the root canal system with minimum irritation to the periapical tissues and induction of apical closure to produce favorable conditions and to confine the root canal filling within the canal space. Traditionally as supported by literature multiple dressings of calcium hydroxide medicament were advocated to induce apical barrier formation followed by an evolution of the apical artificial barrier technique where the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used. Recently introduced Biodentine™ is similar to MTA with its basic composition, which can be used as its substitute. The main difficulty associated while treating teeth with wide-open apices are preventing the overfilling of the restorative materials that serve as an artificial barrier. Use of a matrix overcomes this challenge. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) a matrix of autologous fibrin, embedded with a large quantity of platelet and leukocyte cytokines during centrifugation can be successfully used as an apical membrane. The present case, reports a novel procedure of apexification of endodontically failed central incisor with open apex using PRF as apical membrane and Biodentine™.