bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: an Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Padró Joan-Cristian , Sala Valerio Della , Castelló-Bueno Marc , Vicente-Salar Rafael 
Published: July 2024

The Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in the host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2 data, cloud computing, and Google Earth Engine (GEE) methods, this study examines the effects of various Olympic Games facility urban planning in different historical moments and location typologies: monocentric, polycentric, peripheric and clustered Olympic ring. The GEE code applies to the Olympic Games from Paris’24 to Munich’72. However, this paper focuses specifically on the representative cases of Paris’24, Tokyo’20, Rio’16, Beijing’08, Sydney’00, Barcelona’92, Seoul’88, and Montreal’76. The study is not only concerned with obtaining absolute Land Surface Temperatures (LST), but rather the relative influence of mega-event infrastructures on mitigating or increasing the urban heat. As such, locally Normalized Land Surface Temperature (NLST) was utilized for this purpose. In some cities (Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, and Barcelona), it is identified that Olympic planning has resulted in the development of green spaces, creating &quot;green spots&quot; that contribute to lower-than-average temperatures. However, it should be noted that there is a significant variation in temperature within intensely built-up areas, such as Olympic villages and the surrounding areas of the Olympic stadium, which can become “hotspots”. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that different planning typologies of Olympic infrastructure can have varying impacts on city heat islands, with the polycentric and clustered Olympic ring typologies displaying a mitigating effect. This research contributes to a cloud computing method that can be updated for future Olympic Games or adapted for other mega-events and utilizes a widely available remote sensing data source to study a specific urban planning context.
3D Seismic Density Models of the Earth’s Crust and Structural Diagrams of Tectonic Zoning of the Middle Urals
Authors: Byzov D.D. , Martyshko P.S. , Ladovskii I.V. , Tsidaev A.G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
—For the territory of the Middle Urals segment, a high-resolution grid density model of the upper part of the lithosphere was constructed (grid step is 500 m) to the depth of 80 km – the first regional level of isostatic compensation. The spatial framework of density sections serves as the basis for a three-dimensional (3D) interpolated density model – an initial approximation model. The corrections to the density model of the initial approximation are found from the solution of the linear inverse gravimetry problem of practically meaningful correctness sets of density equivalents. The fairly thin horizontal layers of the grid density model are selected as such sets. The method and technology to calculate 3D density distribution with reference to 2D data along reference seismic sections are embedded in the methodology for quantitative interpretation of potential fields with the construction of 3D geophysical models. The relief of the internal boundary surfaces of the upper, middle and lower crust is compared to the structural scheme of tectonic zoning along the surface of the basement. To construct tectonic schemes, lithostatic pressure anomalies are also used; they are calculated from a general integral characteristic – the mass of density columns from the Earth’s surface to a given depth. Anomalies of lithostatic pressure for each layer of a 3D grid density model are proportional to excessive density within the layer, so that a density model is easily converted into a lithostatic model. 3D anomalies of lithostatic pressure clearly configure the block structure of the earth’s crust at different depth sections. In the projection at the surface of the middle and lower crust, the contours of lithostatic anomalies correspond to the tectonic zoning scheme of the basement, built based on potential fields. A comparison of ‘block diagrams’ of density and lithostatic models is used to identify structural elements of different order of deep tectonic zoning at different depth sections.
Age and Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Diorites from Dikes of the Baikal Uplift of the Siberian Craton
Authors: Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Kotov A.B. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Badashkova E.E. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Kovach V.P. , Efremova U.S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
—We carried out a detailed geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotope study of diorites from a dike located in the central part of the Baikal uplift of the Siberian craton. The geochemical and isotope data obtained for diorites of the studied intrusion were compared with coeval mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the southern part of the Siberian craton. The U–Pb (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite age of 1862 ± 7 Ma has been estimated for diorite from a dike located in the area of the Onguren Village. The obtained data are the first reliable age determination for the Paleoproterozoic mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the Baikal uplift, which are part of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt. The dike is of NE strike. The dike rocks correspond in chemical composition to diorites and are highly differentiated varieties (mg# = 36.5–37.4). There are no significant variations in the composition of diorites in the marginal and central parts of the dike. The rocks are characterized by low contents of TiO2, P2O5, and Nb, high contents of Th, Zr, Ba, and LREE, and low negative values of εNd(T) (–5.9 to –6.2). We assume that the diorites formed from the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The obtained geochemical and isotope data show similar negative values of εNd(T) from –4.3 to –11.6 for most of Paleoproterozoic mafic and intermediate igneous rocks of the South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt within the Aldan Shield, the Baikal uplift, and the Irkut block of the Sharyzhalgai uplift. These rocks correspond in geochemical features to rocks resulted from the melting of subduction-modified lithospheric mantle sources in the postcollisional extension setting at the final Paleoproterozoic stage of formation of the Siberian craton.
Pore-Scale Study on the Effect of SO2 on Hydrate-Based CO2 Sequestration in a High-Pressure Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Zhang Lifu , Wang Zhe , Lu Wanjun 
Published: July 2024

Summary
To mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases, the sequestration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) in seafloor sediments in the form of hydrates has become a safe and efficient method. If sulfur dioxide (SO2), one of the flue gas impurities, is also sequestered, the cost of CO2 purification and sequestration can be effectively reduced. However, there is a lack of in-situ observation of how SO2 affects the nucleation and growth process of CO2 hydrates. In this study, a visual microfluidic chip combined with in-situ Raman spectroscopy was used for the first time to investigate the impact mechanism of SO2 on the nucleation and growth kinetics of CO2 hydrates in porous media. The results indicate that SO2 could promote the nucleation and growth of CO2 hydrate in the following aspects: First, the diffusion of SO2 in solution induces spontaneous convection of the solution in the pores, which could promote the nucleation of mixed hydrates. After nucleation, dissolved SO2 acts as a “seed” for hydrate formation, and the pore solution is covered with hydrate microcrystals, providing heterogeneous nucleation sites for hydrate growth in solution. During the growth stage, SO2 could induce the preferential growth of mixed hydrates within the solution and enhance the growth rate of hydrates, acting as a promoter of hydrate formation. As CO2-SO2 mixed hydrates preferentially grow in solution and grow denser, it could quickly cement the pores, which could significantly improve the stability of the reservoir and form a strong hydrate barrier in the reservoir. These findings have important theoretical value and guiding significance for the synchronous sequestration of CO2-SO2 by hydrates.
Image Encryption based on Compressed Sensing, Chaotic System and Slant Haar Type Orthogonal Transform
Authors: xiang xiuqiao , jiang yuhong , Shang Jianga 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the era of big data, how to encrypt image and ensure image security is an important research hot spot. In this paper, an efficient image encryption scheme is put forward based on Slant Haar Type Orthogonal transform (SHTOT) and compressed sensing (CS) combined with chaotic system. First, the original image is transformed by our proposed SHTOT, which contains specific parameters that may be regarded as encryption key. Then, the transformed coefficients are compressed and measured simultaneously by using CS, during which some pseudo random sequences produced by a chaotic system coupling sine mapping and logistic mapping are employed to generate the measurement matrix for CS. Next, Arnold transform is utilized to the scrambling of the CS measured values. Based on this, some other pseudo random sequences are used to the modification of the quantized CS measured values. Finally, the decryption operation is performed according to the reverse process described above and a blind Sparsity Adaptive Matching Pursuit algorithm in CS is applied to the image reconstruction. Simulation and experimental analysis demonstrate that the image encryption scheme provided in this paper has good performance in the image compression and encryption from the perspective of visual effect, information entropy, correlation coefficient, key sensitivity, key space and robustness.
Exploring the Link between Physiological Development and Intellectual Proficiency among Middle School Students in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Wang Yanling , Li Qinglin , Zhen Jing , Sun Wei , He Aiwei , Zhu Xiaonan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Is there a correlation between the growth trajectory of middle school students and their intelligence proficiency.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019, involving a total cohort of 1682 students.This survey assess their growth and development status by measuring height and weight and calculating body mass index (BMI). The intelligence of the sampled students was evaluated using the second revision of the Chinese Combined Raven Test (CRT-C2). Ordered logistic regression analysis was employed to comprehensively explore the relationship between their growth and developmental status and IQ.
RESULTS: This height disparity between male and female was statistically significant (χ2 = 28.746, p = 0.000). Gender-based differences were observed in IQ scores, with girls outscoring boys (χ2 = 26.1, p = 0.000). Younger students exhibited higher IQ scores (χ2 =498.959, p = 0.000). Further analysis demonstrated that growth retardation (OR = 2.675, 95%CI 1.189~6.018, p = 0.017), wasting(OR = 1.683, 95%CI 1.016~2.561, p = 0.015), overnutrition (OR = 1.748, 95%CI 1.214~2.516, p = 0.003), low height development (OR=1.816, 95%CI 1.313~2.511, p = 0.000) and middle height development (OR = 1.433, 95%CI 1.095~1.875, p = 0.009) were identified as risk factors for middle school students in this region.
CONCLUSION: The research highlights significant that growth retardation, wasting, overnutrition , low and middle height development were detrimental to intellectual development among middle school students in the region.
Evaluating the efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus derived Postbiotics on Growth metrics, Health, and Gut Integrity in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Monika M , Tyagi Jagbir Singh , Sonale Nagesh , Biswas Avishek , Murali Dinesh , Sky . , Rokade Jaydip Jaywant , Tiwari A.K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Continuous use of antibiotics in poultry feed as growth promoters poses a grave threat to humanity through the emergence of antibiotic resistance, necessitating the exploration of novel and sustainable alternatives. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus in broiler birds. The postbiotics were harvested by culturing probiotic bacteria from the stock cultures at the required temperature and duration under laboratory conditions and supplemented to broilers via feed. For experimentation, 480-day-old CARI-Bro Dhanraja (slow-growing broiler) straight-run chicks were randomly split up into six groups. Treatment groups diets are as follows: T1- Basal diet (BD); T2 – BD + Antibiotic (CTC); T3- BD + Probiotic; T4, T5 & T6 – BD + postbiotics supplementation of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% respectively. The chicks were raised under an intensive, deep litter system with standard protocol for 6 weeks. Results showed that 0.2% of postbiotics (T4) had significantly (P < 0.001) higher body weight (1677.52g) with better FCR (1.75) and immune response. Postbiotic supplementation altered various serum attributes positively, in this study. Significant (P < 0.001) reductions in total plate counts (TPC), coliform counts, and maximum Lactobacillus counts were recorded in all postbiotic-supplemented groups. The villus height (1379.25 µm), width (216.06 µm) and crept depth (179.25 µm) showed significant (P < 0.001) improvement among the treatment groups on the 21st and 42nd day of the experimental trial, with the highest value in the T4 group (0.2% postbiotic supplementation). Jejunal antioxidant values also noted significantly (P < 0.001) higher values in T4 group. The study concludes that 0.2% postbiotic supplementation can act as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoters and also combat the disfavour activity of probiotics in broilers.
Analyzing Carbon Emission Reduction Driven by Digital Transformation: Evidence from China's Northwest Region Using GTWR-BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Tao Zhou , Li Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study is based on panel data from 30 prefecture-level cities in Northwest China from 2011 to 2021, providing an in-depth analysis of the impact of digital transformation on carbon emissions, with a detailed examination from a spatial perspective. The research findings indicate that digital transformation plays a significant role in curbing regional carbon emissions, exhibiting notable spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Specifically, the average value of the carbon reduction effect of digitalization decreased from -5.0792 to -3.05602 over time, indicating a gradual weakening of the carbon reduction effect. However, neural network predictions suggest a potential rebound in the digital carbon reduction effect from 2022 to 2024, with an expected value of -0.14617 in 2022, eventually reaching -0.5063 in 2024. Despite the relatively weak foundation for digital development in Northwest China, which has led to a diminished carbon reduction effect, the ongoing advancement of digital transformation is expected to overcome technical lags, reduce energy consumption, and lower carbon emissions. The study highlights that the improvement in the level of digital transformation primarily operates through two mechanisms: industrial structure upgrading and economic level enhancement, promoting the transition of traditional industries towards low-carbon directions, while simultaneously increasing production and consumption efficiency, thereby reducing resource and energy consumption. These findings provide important references for formulating relevant policies, suggesting the enhancement of infrastructure construction and the promotion of digital transformation to achieve the "dual carbon" goals and foster sustainable economic development.
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): A 10-year Review form a primary PCI capable hospital in Tanzania
Authors: kassam Nadeem , Varwani Mohamed , Ngunga Mzee , Jeilan Mohamed , Mabusi Mangaro , Orwa James , Surani Salim , Mvungi Robert , Jamal Nasiruddin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is an emerging epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite the true burden underestimated in the African continent, it remains the leading cause of death among adults aged above 60 years. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a clinically time-sensitive fatal sequela of IHD with timely reperfusion by primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) considered the gold standard of care. Tanzania has witnessed a gradual and continued development in the ability to provide coronary care and a simultaneous increase in risk factors associated with IHD. There is paucity of available data in the country.
Methodology
This single-center retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan Hospital Dar-es-Salaam (AKHD), Tanzania. The AKHD is one of the pioneers in establishing the first cardiac catheterization laboratory in the nation. The current study involved extracting relevant data of all patients who presented with STEMI from August 2014 to December 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to define the population. Patient’s outcomes were based on hospital survival. Binary logistic regression was run (at 95% CI and p-value < 0.05) to identify the determinants for in-hospital mortality.
Results
230 patients were included in the final analysis. The cohort was predominantly male (n=192,83.5%), with a median age was 55.0 years (IQR 48.0-65.0). Most patients presented with chest pain (n=162,72.6%), with a median duration of 12.2 hours (IQR 3.0-24.0 hours). The left Anterior descending (LAD) artery was the culprit vessel in most cases (n=112,48.7%). A total of 163(70.8%) patients underwent Primary-PCI. The in-hospital mortality of the cohort was 5.7%. When survivors and non-survivors were compared, a higher percentage of non-survivors were diabetic (n=12,92.3%), hypertensive (n=12,92.3%) and having a history of cigarette smoking(n=11,84.6%) (P- value <0.05). A higher mean BMI of 36.2 (±5.7) (OR 1.46, CI 1.17– 2.10), the presence of smoking (OR 41.68, CI 2.60– 240.71), and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 77.42, CI 1.95– 128.89) were factors associated with in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion
Our study results demonstrate lower in-hospital mortality for STEMI patients compared to other regional studies. Cigarette smoking, obesity and the need for mechanical ventilation were predictors of poor in-hospital outcomes.
Rooting for microbes: Impact of root architecture on the microbial community and function in top- and subsoil
Authors: Lattacher Adrian , Gall Samuel Le , Rothfuss Youri , Gao Chao , Harings Moritz , Pagel Holger , Giraud Mona , Alahmad Samir , Hickey Lee Thomas , Kandeler Ellen , Poll Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Climate change and associated weather extremes pose major challenges to agricultural food production, necessitating the development of more resilient agricultural systems. Adapting cropping systems to cope with extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This study investigates the influence of contrasting root system architectures on microbial communities and functions in top- and subsoil.
Methods
A column experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different root architectures, specifically deep (DRS) and shallow (SRS) root systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and extracellular enzyme activities in soil. It focused on β-glucosidase (BG) during different plant growth stages, using destructive and non-destructive approaches.
Results
We found that the DRS promoted formation of microbial hotspots in subsoil leading to an increase in microbial biomass and enzyme activity, while the SRS favored formation of hotspots in topsoil. In-situ soil zymography provided fine-scale spatial insights, highlighting distinct patterns of BG activity near root centers and formation of enzymatic hotspots. Temporal changes in BG activity further underscored the dynamic nature of root-microbe interactions. Extracellular enzyme activities indicated varying carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition strategies of rhizosphere microorganisms between top- and subsoil.
Conclusion
This study underscores the need to consider root system architecture in agricultural strategies, as it plays a crucial role in influencing microbial communities and enzyme activities, ultimately affecting carbon and nutrient cycling processes in top- and subsoil.
Microbial volatile organic compounds measured in the air of a waste sorting plant and a university by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tabbal Sarah , Aroussi Badr El , Haddad Sami , Marchand Geneviève 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In recyclable waste management facilities, several contaminants, mainly bioaerosols and microorganisms, can be released and cause potential adverse health effects. Given that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are metabolites developed by molds and since they can be considered as potential biomarkers of mold exposure, their concentrations in ambient air were monitored at a recyclable waste sorting plant (WSP) and a university campus (UC) serving as control environment for comparison. A recently developed analytical method was used and optimised for the detection of 21 selected mVOCs in real conditions. The impact of mVOCs sampling duration, period of the day and variability of their concentrations between different workstations at both sites, were studied. At UC, only 3 mVOCs were detected in comparison with 13 mVOCs at the WSP. The optimal sampling duration of 2 hours was chosen to increase the sensitivity of the method. Statistical tests showed no significant difference in concentration for the detected mVOCs at WSP for different period of the day whereas an increase in concentrations for ethyl acetate was observed at UC. At WSP, the highest concentrations were measured at the pre-sorting room, followed by the sorting room, the optic sorting room and the lowest concentrations were measured at the waste reception area. This study allows the optimisation of the mVOCs sampling method, the comparison of the mVOC profils between contaminated and non-contaminated workplaces and the recommendation for mVOCs with better potential as biomarkers of mold exposure.
Machine-learning-enhanced automatic spectral characterization of x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser
Authors: de Lima Danilo Ferreira , Davtyan Arman , Laksman Joakim , Gerasimova Natalia , Maltezopoulos Theophilos , Liu Jia , Schmidt Philipp , Michelat Thomas , Mazza Tommaso , Meyer Michael , Grünert Jan , Gelisio Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we present a method based on machine learning that improves the resolution of non-invasive spectral diagnostics at the European XFEL by up to 40%, and significantly increases its signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, it streamlines and automates the calibration of the spectral diagnostic device, which is otherwise a complex and time-consuming task, by virtue of its underlying detection principles. Additionally, the provision of robust quality metrics and uncertainties enable a transparent and reliable validation of the tool during its operation. A complete characterization of the method under a diverse set of experimental and simulated conditions is provided in the manuscript, detailing advantages and limits, as well as its robustness with respect to the different test cases.