bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancers of the Tongue and Floor of Mouth: Five-Year File Audit Within the Acute Phase
Authors: Blyth Katrina M. , McCabe Patricia , Heard Robert , Clark Jonathan , Madill Catherine , Ballard Kirrie J. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
The impact of patient, surgical, and rehabilitation factors on speech and swallowing in the acute phase for patients following tongue and/or floor of mouth cancer surgery has not been reported to date. This study reviewed functional outcomes over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary hospital.

Method
Patient medical files from July 2006 through 2011 were audited. Patient demographics, tumor and treatment, along with speech-language pathology (SLP) intervention details were examined.

Results
Speech and swallow function were significantly different between those with primary closure and those requiring reconstruction, with significantly higher referral rate to SLP following reconstruction. The clinical speech and swallow function at SLP assessment following reconstruction was a predictor for the number of SLP intervention sessions provided. The number of intervention sessions provided to these patients significantly correlated with upgrade in fluids during hospitalization.

Conclusion
This is the first published study to report a relationship between function and dosage of clinical SLP intervention with this population. It is also the first known study to audit comprehensive functional outcomes in the acute phase of recovery with an Australian cohort. The findings contribute to establishing evidence-based SLP practice with this population.
Ultrasound Visual Feedback Treatment and Practice Variability for Residual Speech Sound Errors
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , McCabe Patricia , Rivera-Campos Ahmed , Whittle Jessica L. , Landry Erik , Maas Edwin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
The goals were to (a) test the efficacy of a motor-learning-based treatment that includes ultrasound visual feedback for individuals with residual speech sound errors and (b) explore whether the addition of prosodic cueing facilitates speech sound learning.

Method
A multiple-baseline, single-subject design was used, replicated across 8 participants. For each participant, 1 sound context was treated with ultrasound plus prosodic cueing for 7 sessions, and another sound context was treated with ultrasound but without prosodic cueing for 7 sessions. Sessions included ultrasound visual feedback as well as non-ultrasound treatment. Word-level probes assessing untreated words were used to evaluate retention and generalization.

Results
For most participants, increases in accuracy of target sound contexts at the word level were observed with the treatment program regardless of whether prosodic cueing was included. Generalization between onset singletons and clusters was observed, as was generalization to sentence-level accuracy. There was evidence of retention during posttreatment probes, including at a 2-month follow-up.

Conclusion
A motor-based treatment program that includes ultrasound visual feedback can facilitate learning of speech sounds in individuals with residual speech sound errors.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170471
Effects of Hand Gestures on Auditory Learning of Second-Language Vowel Length Contrasts
Authors: Hirata Yukari , Kelly Spencer D. , Huang Jessica , Manansala Michael 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
Research has shown that hand gestures affect comprehension and production of speech at semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic levels for both native language and second language (L2). This study investigated a relatively less explored question: Do hand gestures influence auditory learning of an L2 at the segmental phonology level?

Method
To examine auditory learning of phonemic vowel length contrasts in Japanese, 88 native English-speaking participants took an auditory test before and after one of the following 4 types of training in which they (a) observed an instructor in a video speaking Japanese words while she made syllabic-rhythm hand gesture, (b) produced this gesture with the instructor, (c) observed the instructor speaking those words and her moraic-rhythm hand gesture, or (d) produced the moraic-rhythm gesture with the instructor.

Results
All of the training types yielded similar auditory improvement in identifying vowel length contrast. However, observing the syllabic-rhythm hand gesture yielded the most balanced improvement between word-initial and word-final vowels and between slow and fast speaking rates.

Conclusions
The overall effect of hand gesture on learning of segmental phonology is limited. Implications for theories of hand gesture are discussed in terms of the role it plays at different linguistic levels.
Analysis and modelling of a novel compact rectenna for indoor applications
Authors: Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Das Sushrut , Yadava Ram Lal 
Published: August 2014

Rectenna can be used for remotely charging the rechargeable batteries, commonly used for powering wireless sensors in buildings, with the help of a dedicated RF source. However, in such a process, the effective path loss reduces the RF power level on rectenna which lowers the RF‐to‐DC conversion efficiency of the system. This study therefore focuses on the design and analysis of an efficient integrated rectifier‐antenna (rectennas) for indoor applications. In this proposed study, first a pentagonal antenna is designed at 5 GHz using Ansoft HFSS simulation. The obtained results show that the antenna resonates at two more frequencies, 10.7 and 14.2 GHz, other than the designed frequency. In order to eliminate the signals received by the antenna at these frequencies, a low‐pass filter cornered around 5 GHz is designed and integrated with the antenna. As a result, the integrated structure reveals a return loss of around 15 dB at 5 GHz. Next for rectification purpose, a Schottky diode is characterised at 5 GHz. The proposed antenna structure is then matched to the optimal complex impedance of the diode circuit. Consequently the RF–DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna is found to be 46%.
El Greco
Authors: Bass Laura R. , Tiffany Tanya J. 
Published: August 2014

Domenikos Theotokopoulos (c. 1541–1614), known as El Greco, was born on the Greek island of Crete, but he is most renowned for his long career in Spain. El Greco began his professional life as a successful icon painter and, in the first of many journeys, moved from Crete to Venice in 1567 or 1568. There, he remade his art on the examples of Renaissance masters, in particular Titian and Tintoretto. Several contemporaries described him as Titian’s disciple, but it is unclear whether he worked in the master’s studio or merely emulated his style. El Greco relocated to Rome in 1570; for a time he enjoyed the protection of the powerful Roman Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, although he apparently received few commissions in the city. Perhaps hoping to join the many Italian painters working for King Philip II, El Greco traveled to Spain in 1577 and shortly thereafter to Toledo, where he settled definitively in 1583. El Greco’s critical fortunes have changed dramatically over the centuries. His contemporaries differed in their appraisals of his art, recognizing his immense talent but often censuring his pictorial innovations. He won particular admiration as a portraitist and gained renown for his sacred works. At the same time, several of his religious paintings were criticized for contravening the strict standards of decorum that emerged in the wake of the Council of Trent. For much of the 17th and 18th centuries, writers disparaged what they perceived as the extravagance of his late painterly style. El Greco was discovered outside Spain in the 19th century, when Romantic writers characterized him as a rebellious genius, and painters such as Manet embraced his bold color and loose brushwork. Castilian scholars of the early 20th century associated El Greco with a quintessential “Spanishness” (despite his Greek origins) and argued that his painting embodied the mysticism of religious figures such as Teresa of Ávila and John of the Cross. Others claimed him as a forerunner of modern art. Overall, the view of the mystical artist endured for decades, even as some scholars proposed spurious theories that El Greco suffered from astigmatism and used madmen as models. In the 1980s, scholarly opinion was transformed following the publication of writings by the painter himself, which demonstrated that he was an intellectual fully schooled in Italian artistic theory. El Greco brought his humanistic learning to bear on sacred and secular imagery in ways that remain to be fully explored.
Giovanni Boccaccio
Authors: Houston Jason 
Published: August 2014

Giovanni Boccaccio (b. 1313–d. 1375), along with the two other great Florentine writers, Dante Alighieri and Francesco Petrarch, is one of the Three Crowns of Italian literature. His vast body of poetic and prose works represents a great variety of classical and medieval literary genres. Boccaccio was acutely aware of his position as mediator between different cultures—classical and medieval; Italian, French, and Latin; and Christian and pagan—and thus he stands as an important figure in the development of a European humanist literary culture that defines the Renaissance and beyond. Although his Latin encyclopedic works were his most important and influential works for centuries, modern audiences, both scholarly and otherwise, have made the Decameron Boccaccio’s most read text. Italian, German, and French scholars made the first critical editions of Boccaccio in the late 19th century. Italian scholars, primarily Vittore Branca but also others, renewed efforts to create authoritative critical editions in the late 20th century. Italian criticism of Boccaccio remains mostly philological, with important exceptions. North American scholars of Boccaccio have focused on the Decameron. The late 20th century saw great interest in Boccaccio’s early vernacular works, primarily in North America. American critics have read Boccaccio in light of new critical categories, particularly feminism and Mediterranean studies, although more-recent critical attention has shifted back to Boccaccio’s Latin texts in order to illuminate his intellectual contributions to the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. The 700th centenary of his birth in 2013 saw a number of publications in which a range of scholars considered Boccaccio’s influence across genre and period. Besides his writings, Boccaccio was an important figure in the creation of an Italian literary tradition, promoting the poetic importance both of Dante and Petrarch.
Mary Astell
Authors: Broad Jacqueline 
Published: August 2014

Mary Astell (b. 1666–d. 1731) is widely considered to be one of the earliest English feminists. She is best known for her prose works A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (Part 1, 1694; Part 2, 1697) and Some Reflections upon Marriage (1700). The first Proposal to the Ladies, subtitled “For the Advancement of their True and Greatest Interest. By a Lover of Her Sex,” is an eloquent appeal for the higher education of women in early modern England. The second part, “Wherein a Method is offered for the Improvement of their Minds,” extends a further plea to the ladies of quality, urging them to practice Cartesian rules for thinking in order to attain virtue and wisdom. In the Reflections, Astell provides a careful analysis of the most common causes of marital discontent in her time. To avoid such discontent, she suggests, women ought to be educated thoroughly so that they will choose their husbands wisely—or else not marry at all. In Astell’s heyday (c. 1694–1709), these works were greatly admired, and she was celebrated by leading literary figures, such as Daniel Defoe, John Evelyn, and Mary Chudleigh. Among 21st-century scholars, the consensus view is that Astell’s feminist ideas must be understood in the context of her wider political, philosophical, and religious principles. Recent commentators have interpreted Astell’s feminist writings in light of her support for the Tory political party, her Cartesian-Platonist philosophy, and her utter devotion to the Anglican religion. A substantial amount of work has been done on her political thought in relation to the radical Whig ideology of John Locke. More recently, scholars have delved deeper into Astell’s religio-philosophical writings, including her Letters Concerning the Love of God (with John Norris, 1695) and The Christian Religion, as Professed by a Daughter of the Church of England (1705). Scholars have also begun to appreciate Astell’s use of poetry, rhetoric, and figurative language more generally. Some have claimed her as a successor to John Milton, while others have credited her with influencing Samuel Richardson’s literary masterpiece, Clarissa. This article lists the principal overviews and biographies of Astell, as well as the standard editions of her works. It also covers five key areas of Astell scholarship: her feminist views (on education and marriage), her politics, her philosophy, her religion, and the literary aspects of her work.
Charles Kingsley
Authors: Conlin Jonathan 
Published: August 2014

Polymath and Church of England priest, Charles Kingsley’s prolific literary output, sanitary crusades, and “muscular Christianity” seem to epitomize the bustling Victorian man of faith and letters. Kingsley packed a lot of activity into a short life (b. 1819–d. 1875), including a good deal of controversy (most famously with John Henry Newman) and anguished struggles with himself. A strong rather than subtle mind, Kingsley saw intellectual activity as a pendant to physical activity. In practice the latter could overshadow the former at times, notably in his justification of armed conflict and imperial expansion. This conflict and expansion formed part of a racialist, providentialist view of England’s mission to subdue the world. Kingsley’s definition of “English” included Scots and English settlers in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as citizens of the United States, who gave Kingsley a hero’s welcome when he toured their country in 1874. Within a few years of Kingsley’s death the following year, swashbuckling historical novels such as Westward Ho! (1855) merged with that public-school manliness more often associated with Kingsley’s fellow Christian Socialist, Thomas Hughes, author of Tom Brown’s School Days (1857). Such works remained popular among teenage readers until World War II, while Kingsley’s reputation as a thinker on social justice stood surprisingly high among Fabian Socialists. Kingsley’s posthumous influence on British identity has been largely overlooked, however. Kingsley’s historical fiction and his 1860 appointment as Regius Professor of History at Cambridge University have aroused considerable scholarly interest in Kingsley as an “amateur” excluded from the ranks of “professional” historians in the founding era of the historical discipline in Britain. All of Kingsley’s writing is strongly gendered. Although heteronormative, Kingsley’s enthusiastic embrace of the sexual body within companionate marriage was unusual for the times. With the revival of interest in Kingsley in the 1970s, scholars became fascinated with this aspect of his personal life. Psychobiographical approaches found a rich field for investigation in Kingsley’s evolutionary fairy tale, The Water-Babies (1863). Many set themselves the task of exposing, pathologizing, or apologizing for Kingsley’s formal infelicities and intellectual shallowness or inconsistency. As scholars have become more attentive to, and curious about, the ways in which literary genres and disciplines have been constructed in historical time and discursive space, however, so Kingsley’s own engagement (often ludic and satirical) with such boundaries and categories have grown in interest. The engagement of historians of science with Kingsley’s writings has been particularly fruitful in this regard. In a sense, Kingsley scholarship of the 2000s and 2010s begins where the earlier generation left off: identifying the paradoxes and tensions in his thought is not the end, but serves as prolegomenon to discussion of the many ways in which his texts shaped the Victorian mind.
North American Biomes
Authors: Peters Debra P.C. , Scroggs Stacey L.P. , Yao Jin 
Published: August 2014

Biomes of North America are contained within the land area of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and countries in Central America. The area is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. This large area (over 24 x 106 km2) is characterized by a broad range of temperature and precipitation that result in nine biomes ranging from tropical rainforests and seasonal deciduous forests in the south near the equator to boreal forests and tundra at high latitudes near the North Pole. Temperate forests (deciduous, coniferous), grasslands, deserts, and Chaparral woodlands occur at mid-latitudes. Landscape-scale patterns in contemporary ecosystems within each biome reflect variability in climate and soil parent material combined with human activities that have increased in extent and intensity over the past several centuries. These patterns are often influenced by the redistribution of organisms, water and sediment, fire, and air chemistry. Connections with biome types on other continents on Earth can lead to invasion by exotic species including pests and pathogens, large climatic events such as hurricanes and drought, and changes in air quality through dust storms and volcanic eruptions. These tele-connections often occur infrequently, yet with large and surprising effects on ecosystem properties and dynamics. Directional changes in climate are expected to influence biome distributions and composition in novel ways. Increasing awareness of these broad-scale dynamics that connect biomes globally is leading to new avenues of research that intersect ecology with other disciplines.
Survival of Cercospora sojina on Soybean Leaf Debris in Illinois
Authors: Zhang Guirong , Bradley Carl A. 
Published: August 2014

Historically, frogeye leaf spot (FLS, caused by Cercospora sojina) of soybean has been observed more frequently in the southern United States than the north-central United States. However, in recent years, FLS field observations have increased in the north-central United States. To better understand the survival rate of C. sojina in Illinois, a field study was conducted at three locations: Monmouth (west-central Illinois), Urbana (east-central Illinois), and Dixon Springs (southeastern Illinois). At each location, soybean leaves affected by FLS were placed at depths of 0, 10, and 20 cm and retrieved at different durations up to 24 months. To determine the viability of C. sojina in the collected leaves, a greenhouse bioassay was used. Survival of C. sojina declined equally with time at all three locations through 19 months. After 24 months, C. sojina from leaves that had been placed at Monmouth and Urbana were no longer viable, whereas leaves that had been placed at Dixon Springs produced viable inoculum. Depth of leaf placement had no effect on survival of C. sojina at any of the locations. These results suggest that planting a nonhost crop for two years in central Illinois will reduce levels of C. sojina inoculum to a negligible amount; however, soybean farmers in southern Illinois may need a longer rotation for FLS management. Accepted 10 May 2014. Published 23 July 2014.
Selective Internal Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy (90Y-SIRT) Versus Best Supportive Care in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma to the Liver Refractory to Systemic Therapy
Authors: Xing Minzhi , Prajapati Hasmukh J. , Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Lawson David H. , Kokabi Nima , Eaton Bree R. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives:
To investigate survival, efficacy, and safety of selective internal yttrium-90 radioembolization therapy (90Y-SIRT) in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma (MM) to liver refractory to systemic therapy.

Methods:
An IRB-approved retrospective review of 58 patients diagnosed with unresectable MM to the liver, refractory to systemic therapy, between February 2003 and March 2012 was conducted. Of these, 28 received resin-based 90Y-SIRT (group A), and 30 patients received best supportive care (group B). Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results:
Groups A and B were similar for the Child-Pugh class, ECOG scores, age, sex, and race. Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of primary melanoma in groups A and B were 119.9 and 26.1 months, respectively (P<0.001). Median OS from hepatic metastasis in groups A and B were 19.9 and 4.8 months, respectively (P<0.0001). In group A, median OS from hepatic metastasis in the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients was 37.7, 4.2, and 3.6 months, respectively (P<0.001). In group B, median OS from hepatic metastasis in the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients was 7.8, 4.2, and 1.9 months, respectively (P=0.04). Within group A, median OS from first 90Y-SIRT was 10.1 months; median OS of the Child-Pugh A, B, and C patients from first 90Y-SIRT was 10.3, 1.2, and 0.9 months, respectively (P=0.04). Median OS from first 90Y-SIRT was significantly greater in the absence of diffuse (>10) liver metastases (15.1 vs. 4.7 mo, P=0.02), and in the absence of extrahepatic metastases (21.3 vs. 8.6 mo, P<0.001). Common clinical toxicities following 90Y-SIRT included abdominal pain (17.9%), fatigue (14.3%), and self-limiting grade III bilirubin toxicity (10.7%).

Conclusion:
For patients with unresectable MM to the liver refractory to systemic therapy, resin-based 90Y was associated with longer survival from liver metastases than best supportive care. Child-Pugh A patients with <10 metastatic lesions and absence of extrahepatic metastases demonstrated greatest survival following 90Y-SIRT.
Lymph Node Ratio-based Staging System Outperforms the Seventh AJCC System for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Yueh-Chang , Yang Po-Jen , Zhong Yuxin , Clancy Thomas E. , Lin Ming-Tsan , Wang Jiping 
Published: August 2014

Background:
On the basis of SEER data, in which most gastric cancer patients had limited lymph node dissection, node ratio–based staging system (TNrM) has been shown to have better accuracy than the AJCC TNM system. This study is to validate the result with patients from Taiwan, where D2 lymphadenectomy is routinely performed.

Patient and Method:
A total of 1405 consecutive gastric cancer patients treated at National Taiwan University Hospital between 1998 and 2010 were included. To evaluate the performance of the AJCC system, each TNM stage was stratified by TNrM stages. The homogeneity of patients’ survival across TNrM strata was evaluated using the log-rank test. The performance of the TNrM system was evaluated with the same approach.

Results:
Five of the 7 evaluable AJCC stages (IA, IIA, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC) contained TNrM subgroups with statistically heterogenous survival (P=0.003, 0.04, 0.002, 0.04, and <0.001, respectively). Thirty-six percent of patients (506/1405) were misclassified by the AJCC TNM system. However, of the assessable 6 TNrM stages, none of the AJCC subgroups showed significantly heterogenous survivals (P>0.05). About 19% of patients (264/1405) were misclassified by using the TNrM system.

Conclusions:
Lymph node ratio significantly decreases the stage migration caused by inadequate examined lymph nodes. The advantage of TNrM was validated with a patient cohort from the Eastern medical center.