bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microflow SERS Measurements Using Sensing Particles of Polyacrylamide/Silver Composite Materials
Authors: Visaveliya* Nikunjkumar , Lenke* Steffen , Groß Alexander , Köhler J. Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe combination of microfluidic techniques with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microscopy provides the platform for the analysis, detection, and accurate monitoring of a wide range of analytes. Composite microparticles for SERS sensing were used here for the detection of analytes in a micro‐continuous‐flow arrangement. The sensor particles consisted of a swellable polyacrylamide matrix with in situ incorporated silver nanoparticles. They were prepared by a microfluidic photochemical procedure. A set of sensor particles was placed inside a glass capillary for SERS flow measurements. Highly reproducible sensor signals were observed with the test analytes adenine and histidine using a fiber‐coupled compact Raman spectrometer. The particles are suited for sequential measurements under flow conditions. This could be proven by the use of a microfluidic setup with three syringe pumps for alternative actuation of different analyte and regeneration solutions.
DNA‐Based Oligochromophores as Light‐Harvesting Systems
Authors: Ensslen Philipp , Brandl Fabian , Sezi Sabrina , Varghese Reji , Kutta Roger‐Jan , Dick Bernhard , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe chromophores ethynyl pyrene as blue, ethynyl perylene as green and ethynyl Nile red as red emitter were conjugated to the 5‐position of 2′‐deoxyuridine via an acetylene bridge. Using phosphoramidite chemistry on solid phase labelled DNA duplexes were prepared that bear single chromophore modifications, and binary and ternary combinations of these chromophore modifications. The steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra of all three chromophores were studied in these modified DNA duplexes. An energy‐transfer cascade occurs from ethynyl pyrene over ethynyl perylene to ethynyl Nile red and subsequently an electron‐transfer cascade in the opposite direction (from ethynyl Nile red to ethynyl perylene or ethynyl pyrene, but not from ethynyl perylene to ethynyl pyrene). The electron‐transfer processes finally provide charge separation. The efficiencies by these energy and electron‐transfer processes can be tuned by the distances between the chromophores and the sequences. Most importantly, excitation at any wavelength between 350 and 700 nm finally leads to charge separated states which make these DNA samples promising candidates for light‐harvesting systems.
Non‐linear, cata‐Condensed, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Materials: A Generic Approach and Physical Properties
Authors: Haire Barnaby T. , Heard Kane W. J. , Little Mark S. , Parry Adam V. S. , Raftery James , Quayle Peter , Yeates Stephen G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA generic approach to the regiospecific synthesis of halogenated polycyclic aromatics is made possible by the one‐ or two‐directional benzannulation reactions of readily available (ortho‐allylaryl)trichloroacetates (the “BHQ” reaction). Palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions of the so‐formed haloaromatics enable the synthesis of functionalised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with surgical precision. Overall, this new methodology enables the facile mining of chemical space in search of new electronic functional materials.
Entrance into a platform‐dominated market: Virtue of an open strategy on the numerical computation market
Authors: Blondel Frédérique , Edouard Serge 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStrategic and industrial analysis reveals it is extremely difficult to enter a market dominated by an existing platform. In fact, direct or indirect network effects give the established company's platform a considerable competitive edge. This is true of the numerical computation market and the Matlab + Simulink platform by MathWorks. The case study of Scilab Enterprises helps identify conditions of viability for breaking into such a market. We find that alone, the platform strategy is doomed to fail, but accompanied by an open strategy, entering a platform market becomes possible. We hypothesize that a platform strategy is successful when associated with an open innovation process (integration of the open source community) and supported by a business ecosystem (a huge community of developers, users, and allies). Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in symptom distress in underserved Chinese American cancer patients
Authors: Dhingra Lara K. , Lam Kin , Cheung William , Shao Theresa , Li Zujun , Van de Maele Sandra , Chang Victor T. , Chen Jack , Ye Huiyan , Wong Rhoda , Lam Wan Ling , Chan Selina , Bookbinder Marilyn , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Portenoy Russell 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDCancer is prevalent in the rapidly growing Chinese American community, yet little is known about the symptom experience to guide comprehensive treatment planning. This study evaluated symptom prevalence and patient subgroups with symptom distress in a large sample of Chinese American cancer patients.METHODSPatients were consecutively recruited from 4 oncology practices, and they completed a translated cancer symptom scale. Latent class cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct symptom distress profiles.RESULTSThere were 1436 patients screened; 94.4% were non–English‐speaking, and 45.1% were undergoing cancer therapy. The cancers included breast (32.6%), lung (14.8%), head and neck (12.5%), and hematologic cancer (10.1%). Overall, 1289 patients (89.8%) had 1 or more symptoms, and 1129 (78.6%) had 2 or more. The most prevalent symptoms were a lack of energy (57.0%), dry mouth (55.6%), feeling sad (49.3%), worrying (47.5%), and difficulty sleeping (46.8%). Symptoms causing “quite a bit” or “very much” distress included difficulty sleeping (37.9%), a lack of appetite (37.2%), feeling nervous (35.8%), pain (35.2%), and worrying (34.0%). Four patient subgroups were identified according to the probability of reporting moderate to high symptom distress: very low physical and psychological symptom distress (49.5%), low physical symptom distress and moderate psychological symptom distress (25.2%), moderate physical and psychological symptom distress (17.4%), and high physical and psychological symptom distress (7.8%).CONCLUSIONSSymptom prevalence is high in community‐dwelling Chinese American cancer patients, and nearly half experience severe distress (rated as “quite a bit” or “very much” distressing) from physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, or both. These data have important implications for the development of effective symptom control interventions. Cancer 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2015;121:3352–3359. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial of sunitinib and gemcitabine in patients with sarcomatoid and/or poor‐risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Michaelson M. Dror , McKay Rana R. , Werner Lillian , Atkins Michael B. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Olivier Kara M. , Song Jiaxi , Signoretti Sabina , McDermott David F. , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDSarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with an aggressive biology and a poor prognosis. Poor‐risk RCC is defined by clinical prognostic factors and demonstrates similarly aggressive behavior. No standard treatment exists for patients with sarcomatoid RCC, and treatment options for patients with poor‐risk disease are of limited benefit. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in clinically aggressive RCC.METHODSThis was a phase 2, single‐arm trial of sunitinib and gemcitabine in patients with sarcomatoid or poor‐risk RCC. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included the time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), safety, and biomarker correlatives.RESULTSOverall, 39 patients had sarcomatoid RCC, and 33 had poor‐risk RCC. The ORR was 26% for patients with sarcomatoid RCC and 24% for patients with poor‐risk RCC. The median TTP and OS for patients with sarcomatoid RCC were 5 and 10 months, respectively. For patients with poor‐risk disease, the median TTP and OS were 5.5 and 15 months, respectively. Patients whose tumors had >10% sarcomatoid histology had a higher clinical benefit rate (ORR plus stable disease) than those with ≤10% sarcomatoid histology (P = .04). The most common grade 3 or higher treatment‐related adverse events included neutropenia (n = 20), anemia (n = 10), and fatigue (n = 7).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that antiangiogenic therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy are an active and well‐tolerated combination for patients with aggressive RCC. The combination may be more efficacious than either therapy alone and is currently under further investigation. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Organic Synthesis with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes of Indazole: Synthesis of Benzo(thio)imidates, Benzo[d][1,3]thiazines and Quinazoline‐4‐thiones
Authors: Guan Zong , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbenes of indazole, generated by deprotonation of indazolium salts, proved to be versatile starting materials for organic synthesis. They undergo ring‐opening reactions to generate ketenimines which readily add thiols thus affording what are, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples of 2‐anilinobenzothioimidates. Water converts the ring‐opened intermediates into functionalized 2‐anilinobenzamides which can be thionated with Lawesson's reagent and subsequently cyclized with formaldehyde and propionaldehyde, respectively, to give benzo[d][1,3]thiazines and quinazoline‐4‐thiones. The outcome of the cyclization depends upon the thiobenzamide substitution pattern.
ortho‐Carborane‐Modified N‐Substituted Deoxynojirimycins
Authors: Hoogendoorn Sascha , Mock Elliot D. , Strijland Anneke , Donker‐Koopman Wilma E. , van den Elst Hans , van den Berg Richard J. B. H. N. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractN‐alkyl‐deoxynojirimycins (DNMs) are an important class of glycoprocessing enzyme inhibitors. Our work on DNMs focuses on identifying potent and selective inhibitors of the human enzymes, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), lysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA) and neutral glucosylceramidase (GBA2). We have previously reported on N‐alkylated DNM derivatives bearing various hydrophobic head groups (aliphatic, aromatic, branched, cyclic). In this study we report effective procedures for the synthesis of ortho‐carborane‐modified DNMs and establish the inhibitory potency of six new DNM derivatives 3–8 against GCS, GBA and GBA2.
Sodium intake status in United States and potential reduction modeling: an NHANES 2007–2010 analysis
Authors: Agarwal Sanjiv , Fulgoni Victor L. , Spence Lisa , Samuel Priscilla 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLimiting dietary sodium intake has been a consistent dietary recommendation. Using NHANES 2007–2010 data, we estimated current sodium intake and modeled the potential impact of a new sodium reduction technology on sodium intake. NHANES 2007–2010 data were used to assess current sodium intake. The National Cancer Institute method was used for usual intake determination. Suggested sodium reductions using SODA‐LO® Salt Microspheres ranged from 20% to 30% in 953 foods and usual intakes were modeled by using various reduction factors and levels of market penetration. SAS 9.2, SUDAAN 11, and NHANES survey weights were used in all calculations with assessment across gender and age groups. Current (2007–2010) sodium intake (mg/day) exceeds recommendations across all age gender groups and has not changed during the last decade. However, sodium intake measured as a function of food intake (mg/g food) has decreased significantly during the last decade. Two food categories contribute about 2/3rd of total sodium intake: “Grain Products” and “Meat, Poultry, Fish & Mixtures”. Sodium reduction, with 100% market penetration of the new technology, was estimated to be 230–300 mg/day or 7–9% of intake depending upon age and gender group. Sodium reduction innovations like SODA‐LO® Salt Microspheres could contribute to meaningful reductions in sodium intake.
Evaluation of the Effect of a Continuous Treatment: A Machine Learning Approach with an Application to Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kreif Noémi , Grieve Richard , Díaz Iván , Harrison David 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFor a continuous treatment, the generalised propensity score (GPS) is defined as the conditional density of the treatment, given covariates. GPS adjustment may be implemented by including it as a covariate in an outcome regression. Here, the unbiased estimation of the dose–response function assumes correct specification of both the GPS and the outcome‐treatment relationship. This paper introduces a machine learning method, the ‘Super Learner’, to address model selection in this context. In the two‐stage estimation approach proposed, the Super Learner selects a GPS and then a dose–response function conditional on the GPS, as the convex combination of candidate prediction algorithms. We compare this approach with parametric implementations of the GPS and to regression methods. We contrast the methods in the Risk Adjustment in Neurocritical care cohort study, in which we estimate the marginal effects of increasing transfer time from emergency departments to specialised neuroscience centres, for patients with acute traumatic brain injury. With parametric models for the outcome, we find that dose–response curves differ according to choice of specification. With the Super Learner approach to both regression and the GPS, we find that transfer time does not have a statistically significant marginal effect on the outcomes. © 2015 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Developmental stages of the climbing gecko Tarentola annularis with special reference to the claws, pad lamellae, and subdigital setae
Authors: Khannoon Eraqi R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTStudying the in ovo mode of development of squamates has the advantage of allowing easy access to embryos without surgically compromising gravid females. Despite the non‐ophidian squamates being a very diverse lineage of reptiles, embryonic tables for individuals of this group are very few. Here, I present the first in ovo embryonic table for a basal multi‐scansored, pad‐bearing gecko, Tarentola annularis. In this gecko, only the III and IV digits bear claws. Eleven embryonic stages are described based on chronological development of morphological characteristics. In contrast to other previously studied geckos, this species exhibits a longer incubation period. Comparison with other squamates, embryonic development of T. annularis is an indicative of a conserved developmental strategy. Interestingly, the clawless digits of this gecko do exhibit claws during the first half of embryonic development. Thus, regression of claws in these digits could be an advantage of studying this particular taxon, as it raises the question, to be answered in future study, of which mechanisms could be responsible for such claw regression. Before hatching, the outer periderm layer sloughs revealing the functional setae. The present study provides not only a model for pentadactyl limbs and digit development, but also an example of a unique developmental phenomenon, as represented by claw regression. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 450–464, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Placental specializations in lecithotrophic viviparous squamate reptiles
Authors: Stewart James R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSquamate reptiles have been thought to be predisposed to evolution of viviparity because embryos of most oviparous species undergo considerable development in the uterus prior to oviposition. A related hypothesis proposes that prolonged intrauterine gestation, an intermediate condition leading to viviparity, requires little or no physiological adjustment, other than reduction in thickness of the eggshell. This logical framework is often accompanied by an assumption that mode of parity (oviparity, viviparity) and pattern of embryonic nutrition (lecithotrophy, placentotrophy) are independent traits that evolve in sequence. Thus, specializations for viviparity should be absent in some lecithotrophic viviparous species. Studies of species of lizards with geographic variation in mode of parity challenge this scenario by demonstrating that placental specializations are correlated with viviparity. Uterine specializations for placental transport of calcium to viviparous embryos alter uterine physiology compared to oviparous females. In addition, comparative studies of oviparous and viviparous species, i.e., in which gene flow is disrupted, reveal that both uterine and embryonic structural modifications are commonly associated with viviparity, suggesting relatively rapid evolution of placental specializations. Studies of squamate reproductive biology support two hypotheses: 1) evolution of viviparity requires physiological adjustments of the uterine environment, and 2) evolution of viviparity promotes relatively rapid adaptations for placentation. Models for the evolution of viviparity from oviparity, or for reversals from viviparity to oviparity, should reflect current understanding of squamate reproductive biology and future studies should be designed to challenge these models. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 549–561, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fertility and Modernization: The Role of Urbanization in Developing Countries
Authors: Gries Thomas , Grundmann Rainer 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe empirically investigate the theoretically predicted change in human reproductive behavior in developing countries alongside modernization. Using urbanization as a modernization indicator is appealing and provides a large sample size in both countries and years covered. However, recent research on the causes of urbanization demands a refined view of the phenomenon. We therefore base our analysis on qualified urbanization, namely interactions with slum incidence and export diversification. In panel regressions we find evidence that the impact on fertility differs significantly in lower than in higher quality urbanization processes, suggesting that the presence of skill‐intensive jobs is crucial in the interplay. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexity and workload considerations in product mix decisions under the theory of constraints
Authors: Golmohammadi Davood , Mansouri S. Afshin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe literature on the product mix decision (or master production scheduling) under the Theory of Constraints (TOC), which was developed in the past two decades, has addressed this problem as a static operational decision. Consequently, the developed solution techniques do not consider the system's dynamism and the associated challenges arising from the complexity of operations during the implementation of master production schedules. This paper aims to address this gap by developing a new heuristic approach for master production scheduling under the TOC philosophy that considers the main operational factors that influence actual throughput after implementation of the detailed schedule. We examine the validity of the proposed heuristic by comparison to Integer Linear Programming and two heuristics in a wide range of scenarios using simulation modelling. Statistical analyses indicate that the new algorithm leads to significantly enhanced performance during implementation for problems with setup times. The findings show that the bottleneck identification approach in current methods in the TOC literature is not effective and accurate for complex operations in real‐world job shop systems. This study contributes to the literature on master production scheduling and product mix decisions by enhancing the likelihood of achieving anticipated throughput during the implementation of the detailed schedule. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 357–369, 2015
Insulin induced tan: a dual diagnosis
Authors: Khan Roaid , Aggelis Vassilis , Srirangalingam Umasuthan , Vijayaraghavan Shanti 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present the case of a young male patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes whose skin noticeably darkened with insulin therapy. Minimal insulin requirements, an unexpectedly low HbA1c and ongoing symptoms of weight loss and anorexia prompted further investigations. He was found to have a suboptimal response to synthetic ACTH (Synacthen) confirming a diagnosis of Addison's disease (primary adrenal failure). We postulate that the lowering of the blood glucose with insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes unmasked the diagnosis of Addison's disease.The case highlights several important lessons: (1) beware the dual diagnosis – hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients may have another cause and other autoimmune diseases are more likely; (2) the interaction between separate pathologies may modify the behaviour of each disease; and (3) ensure steroid replacement is appropriate and the patient is aware of steroid precautions and the need for early intervention with illness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Surgical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Concomitant Esophageal Varices
Authors: Harada Noboru , Shirabe Ken , Maeda Takashi , Kayashima Hiroto , Ishida Teruyoshi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with concomitant esophageal varices (EV) remains controversial. We assessed the surgical outcome of hepatectomy and aimed to clarify the indications and management of HCC in patients with concomitant EV.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 502 patients with HCC (100 with and 402 without EV), who underwent curative hepatectomy. We analyzed the prognostic outcomes and risk factors for EV bleeding after hepatectomy.ResultsOverall survival (OS) was significantly lower in HCC patients with EV than in those without EV (p = 0.003), although recurrence‐free survival was similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that indocyanine green retention test at 15 min (ICGR15) >17 % (p = 0.007) and α‐fetoprotein >12.5 ng/ml (p = 0.003) was independent predictors of poorer OS. Among patients with EV who underwent hepatectomy, multivariate analysis identified ICGR15 >17 % (p = 0.03) as the only independent predictor of poorer OS. There was no significant difference in OS between HCC patients with EV and ICGR15 ≤17.0 % and HCC patients without EV. Ten patients experienced EV bleeding after hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative endoscopic findings of blue color EV (p = 0.008) and red color sign (p = 0.0005) were independent predictors of EV bleeding in patients with HCC after hepatectomy.ConclusionsThese results suggest that HCC patients with EV and ICGR15 ≤17 % may be suitable for surgery, but patients with preoperative endoscopic blue color EV and red color sign need to be managed appropriately.