bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimization and scheduling research on electric bicycle charging and discharging in distribution networks
Authors: Zhang Zongming , Ming Liang , Chen Zhuo , Li Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of urbanization, the rapid growth of electric bicycles has become a prominent trend. The number of battery-swapping stations for convenient battery replacement has also increased. The large-scale and unregulated connection of electric bicycles and battery-swapping stations to the power grid can significantly impact the distribution network, leading to localized overloads and affecting grid stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization scheduling strategy for electric bicycle charging and dis-charging based on both the transmission and distribution systems. Firstly, in the transmission system, the objective is to reduce the operating costs of generators and user charging costs. Sub-sequently, in the distribution system, the goal is to minimize network losses, considering system constraints and the spatial migration characteristics of electric bicycles. The study establishes a multi-objective optimization problem. Simulation analyses were conducted on the power system models based on a standard 10-machine transmission network and an IEEE 33-node distribution network to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective optimization scheduling strategy.
Risk analysis of lithium battery energy storage systems under typical failures
Authors: Zhang Weijun , Li Zhicheng , Zhang Shuling , Deng Chaoping , Li Biao , Chen Dawei , Lu Yingquan , Deng Yeqiang , Gu Xiaolong , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the rapid increase in the proportion of new energy installed capacity, to solve the problem of new energy output volatility, lithium-ion battery energy storage has developed rapidly by its electrical characteristics and economic advantages and has become a hot spot for the large-scale application of electrochemical energy storage, but it is also accompanied by safety problems such as battery short-circuit and thermal runaway. Based on the typical structure of the lithium battery energy storage system, this paper establishes a complete simulation model of the lithium battery energy storage system, calculates the change rule of battery system electrical parameters inside the battery module under different types of short-circuit faults, and summarizes the fault characteristics and risks of lithium battery energy storage system under different faults. The study shows that short-circuit faults inside the battery module will cause significant fluctuations in the terminal voltage and current of the battery system. The internal short-circuit faults will increase the inter-cluster circulating current. In contrast, the larger short-circuit current will not only cause the local battery cells to overcharge and over-discharge but also trigger the thermal runaway of the battery system.
Study on the relationship between electric field perception and distance factor of direct current overhead line
Authors: Yuan Chenyin , Chen Yuxing , Liu Xinyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main reason for line collision accidents in offline construction is that construction personnel have an insufficient perception of distance. In the range of viewing angles, due to the lack of reference objects, people lack a correct judgment of the actual height of overhead lines. Voltage, as the most direct electrical volume, has always been a key indicator of electrical protection. In this paper, the feasibility of electrostatic induction is verified through the combination of electrostatic field simulation and experiment, and the influencing factors of electrostatic induction are studied. The results show that electrostatic induction is strongly related to the environmental angle, and the inductive voltage increases with the increase of the high voltage side, and the increased amplitude gradually increases. In addition, the induction distance and the shape of the receiving antenna have an impact on the effect of electrostatic induction. However, the induction distance has the greatest influence on the electrostatic induction effect, followed by the length and diameter of the induction conductor. The research of this paper plays a technical guiding role in the distance measurement of transmission lines based on electric fields.
A clock synchronization and trigger distribution scheme for China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Li J. , Cao P. , Wang Y. , Wang W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a complex system
engineering composed of particle accelerators, a target station, and
neutron spectrometers with various equipment types and
distribution. The collaborative operation of the equipment requires
accurate clock synchronization and trigger distribution. Currently,
to meet the requirements of different system devices, clock
synchronization and trigger distribution in CSNS are implemented
based on different methods, resulting in complex clock and trigger
networks, demanding upgrades, and a lack of unified timestamps. This
paper proposes a clock synchronization and trigger distribution
scheme based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and
single-mode dual-core fiber link. The decoupling of clock phase
synchronization and time base synchronization improves the frequency
of phase compensation. Benefiting from the phase interpolator (PI)
in the FPGA transceivers, high-precision phase compensation and
phase deterministic control are realized, achieving picoseconds
synchronization precision and stability in the four-level
network. Based on the custom lightweight link layer protocol, by
optimizing the routing method of data frames and adopting priority
control, the transmission of multiple data is realized, and the
hardware delay of the critical data, such as interlock, is
guaranteed to be less than 1.5 μs in the four-level system. The
scheme provides a general precise clock synchronization and
distributed trigger method for CSNS devices, simplifies the system
complexity, and is conducive to the system upgrade in the second
stage.
Assessing environmental and market implications of steel decarbonisation strategies: a hybrid input-output model for the European union
Authors: Rinaldi Lorenzo , Ghezzi Debora , Colombo Emanuela , Rocco Matteo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a key material for manufacturing clean energy technologies, steel is crucial for energy transition, but its production causes 2.6 Gton of CO2 emissions at global level each year. In 2020 the European Union (EU) set a net-zero emissions target by 2050, fostering innovation in the steel industry to reduce its environmental impact. However, a scenario-oriented and technologically comprehensive analysis assessing prospected environmental and market implications of steel decarbonisation strategies remains a gap, which is addressed in this paper. The analysis adopts a hybrid input-output-based life-cycle assessment model built in the MARIO framework, extending the Exiobase database to represent the supply chains of the most promising low-carbon steelmaking technologies in the EU, such as hydrogen- or charcoal-injected blast furnaces and natural gas- and hydrogen-based direct reduction routes. The penetration of these technologies is explored by formulating scenarios resembling European climate targets. The results show a reduction in the carbon footprint of steel across all scenarios, ranging up to −26% in 2030 and to −60% in 2050. However, the extent of footprint reduction is highly dependent on the share of clean electricity in the European supply mix, highlighting the relevance of holistic decarbonisation strategies. Economic implications affect steel prices, which rise up to 25% in 2030 and 56% in 2050, opening discussions on the need for suitable policies such as CBAM to avoid protectionism and encourage international technological progress.
Cover-time Gumbel fluctuations in finite-range, symmetric, irreducible random walks on torus
Authors: Han X , Zhang Y , Ge H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation for an explicit and universal feature of cover time for a large class of random work processes, which was previously observed by Chupeau et al (2015 Nat. Phys.
11 844–7). Specifically, we rigorously establish that the fluctuations of the cover time, normalized by the mean first passage time, follow a Gumbel distribution, for finite-range, symmetric, irreducible random walks on a torus of dimension three or higher. The result contributes to a better understanding of cover-time behavior in random search processes, especially on the efficiency of exhaustive searches. Our approach builds upon the work of Belius (2013 Probab. Theory Relat. Fields
157 635–89) on cover times for simple random walks, leveraging a strong coupling between the random walk and random interlacements.
Nanocomposites in agriculture as pesticides for plant protection: a review
Authors: Saberi Riseh Roohallah , Vatankhah Masoumeh , Hassanisaadi Mohadeseh , Tamanadar Elahe , Skorik Yury 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plant pests pose a significant threat to agricultural crops, requiring the use of pesticides for effective and large-scale production. With increasing concerns about environmental and health risks, as well as potential resistance to synthetic pesticides, there is a growing need for sustainable and effective alternatives. Nanocomposites (NCs) offer a promising solution due to their unique properties such as biodegradability, affordability and accessibility. The development of novel NCs improves the management of plant pests, mitigating the emergence of resistant and persistent pests and the loss of crop production due to the damage they cause. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in this field, focusing on the applications and modes of action of NC-based pesticides in agriculture. By synthesising the available information, this paper provides valuable insights into the value and potential of NCs in crop protection. The results of this review are intended to inform researchers and agricultural practitioners about the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of NC-based pesticides, ultimately facilitating the development of sustainable and efficient crop pest management strategies.
Vitis heyneana extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with high bioactive and colorimetric sensing properties
Authors: Quynh Pham Huong , Ninh Tran Thi Thuy , Tinh Nguyen Quang , Van Thu Nguyen , Van Thanh Dang , Nguyen Duc Dung , Thanh Hai Cao , Tam Khieu Thi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles using plant extracts has been an important strategy to mitigate the uses of hazardous chemicals and thus reduce toxic by-products. We herein report for the first time the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Vitis heyneana fruit peel as a key agent. Specifically, oleanolic acid was found in the extract and its crucial role as both reducing and stabilizing agent was experimentally evidenced. The as-synthesized AgNPs were morphologically and structurally characterized to possess quasi-spherical shapes with an average diameter of 11 nm and exhibit polycrystalline nature. Bioactive studies indicated that as-synthesized AgNPs revealed potent antimicrobial activities against Lactobaccillus plantarum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus flavus, demonstrating an IC50 value of 20.00 ± 2.05 μg ml−1 and a MIC value of 32 ± 0.03 μg ml−1 (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa); the NPs also possessed superior antioxidant activities with an IC50 value of 23.22 ± 1.25 μg ml−1 compared to vitamin C (18.23 ± 0.15 μg ml−1). The AgNPs further revealed capabilities of colorimetrically detecting Hg2+ ions with a limit of detection of 0.048 μM and a limit of quantitation of 0.16 μM. These findings therefore suggest promising uses of the phytosynthesized AgNPs in nanomedicine and sensing technology.
Unveiling the combined influence of higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol and superplasticizer chemistry on fresh, mechanical, and microstructural performance of internally cured mortar
Authors: V Kastro Kiran , Sathyan Dhanya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The limitations of conventional water curing in tall structures and arid regions necessitate alternative hydration strategies. Use of internal curing agents in high strength concrete can effectively mitigate evaporation and promote enhanced cement hydration in the concrete. However, because the superplasticizer is a required component in high strength concrete, compatibility of the internal curing agent with superplasticizer needs to be investigated. This study investigates the efficacy of internal curing (IC) using polyethylene glycols (PEGs)–PEG 4000 and PEG 6000, in conjunction with superplasticizer from two different families, polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) in mortar mixes. A total of ten mixes were prepared for which samples from each mix were exposed to standard water curing, room curing, and internal curing. The research outcomes reveal a novel application of PEG 6000 and PEG 4000 in conjunction with PCE-based superplasticizers at optimized dosages, presenting a promising avenue for direct implementation in mortar mixes to meet both mechanical and durability prerequisites. Optimized IC mortar mixes displayed comparable or superior mechanical and durability performance to conventionally cured counterparts. This study demonstrates the potential of PEG 6000-PCE combinations as IC agents for improved fresh and hardened properties, offering a viable alternative for challenging construction environments. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term performance and economic feasibility of IC mortars in large-scale projects.
Intrafractional motion and dosimetric analysis in prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy with auto beam hold technique
Authors: Cattell Renee F , Hsia An Ting , Kim Jinkoo , Qian Xin , Lu Siming , Slade Alexander , Mani Kartik , Ryu Samuel , Xu Zhigang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To summarize our institutional prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) experience using auto beam hold (ABH) technique for intrafractional prostate motion and assess ABH tolerance of 10-millimeter (mm) diameter. Approach: Thirty-two patients (160 fractions) treated using ABH technique between 01/2018 and 03/2021 were analyzed. During treatment, kV images were acquired every 20-degree gantry rotation to visualize 3–4 gold fiducials within prostate to track target motion. If the fiducial center fell outside the tolerance circle (diameter = 10 mm), beam was automatically turned off for reimaging and repositioning. Number of beam holds and couch translational movement magnitudes were recorded. Dosimetric differences from intrafractional motion were calculated by shifting planned isocenter. Main Results: Couch movement magnitude (mean ± SD) in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions were −0.7 ± 2.5, 1.4 ± 2.9 and −0.1 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. For most fractions (77.5%), no correction was necessary. Number of fractions requiring one, two, or three corrections were 15.6%, 5.6% and 1.3%, respectively. Of the 49 corrections, couch shifts greater than 3 mm were seen primarily in the vertical (31%) and longitudinal (39%) directions; corresponding couch shifts greater than 5 mm occurred in 2% and 6% of cases. Dosimetrically, 100% coverage decreased less than 2% for clinical target volume (CTV) (−1 ± 2%) and less than 10% for PTV (−10 ± 6%). Dose to bladder, bowel and urethra tended to increase (Bladder: ΔD10%:184 ± 466 cGy, ΔD40%:139 ± 241 cGy, Bowel: ΔD1 cm3:54 ± 129 cGy; ΔD5 cm3:44 ± 116 cGy, Urethra: ΔD0.03 cm3:1 ± 1%). Doses to the rectum tended to decrease (Rectum: ΔD1 cm3:−206 ± 564 cGy, ΔD10%:−97 ± 426 cGy; ΔD20%:−50 ± 251 cGy). Significance: With the transition from conventionally fractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy to SBRT for localized prostate cancer treatment, it is imperative to ensure that dose delivery is spatially accurate for appropriate coverage to target volumes and limiting dose to surrounding organs. Intrafractional motion monitoring can be achieved using triggered imaging to image fiducial markers and ABH to allow for reimaging and repositioning for excessive motion.
KRASFormer: a fully vision transformer-based framework for predicting KRAS gene mutations in histopathological images of colorectal cancer
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Makhlouf Yasmine , Sarker Md Mostafa Kamal , Craig Stephanie , Baena Juvenal , Greene Christine , Mason Lee , James Jacqueline A , Salto-Tellez Manuel , O’Reilly Paul , Maxwell Perry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Detecting the Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) gene mutation is significant for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The KRAS gene encodes a protein involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, and mutations in this gene can negatively impact the use of monoclonal antibodies in anti-EGFR therapy and affect treatment decisions. Currently, commonly used methods like next-generation sequencing (NGS) identify KRAS mutations but are expensive, time-consuming, and may not be suitable for every cancer patient sample. To address these challenges, we have developed KRASFormer, a novel framework that predicts KRAS gene mutations from Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stained WSIs that are widely available for most CRC patients. KRASFormer consists of two stages: the first stage filters out non-tumor regions and selects only tumour cells using a quality screening mechanism, and the second stage predicts the KRAS gene either wildtype’ or mutant’ using a Vision Transformer-based XCiT method. The XCiT employs cross-covariance attention to capture clinically meaningful long-range representations of textural patterns in tumour tissue and KRAS mutant cells. We evaluated the performance of the first stage using an independent CRC-5000 dataset, and the second stage included both The Cancer Genome Atlas colon and rectal cancer (TCGA-CRC-DX) and in-house cohorts. The results of our experiments showed that the XCiT outperformed existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving AUCs for ROC curves of 0.691 and 0.653 on TCGA-CRC-DX and in-house datasets, respectively. Our findings emphasize three key consequences: the potential of using H & E-stained tissue slide images for predicting KRAS gene mutations as a cost-effective and time-efficient means for guiding treatment choice with CRC patients; the increase in performance metrics of a Transformer-based model; and the value of the collaboration between pathologists and data scientists in deriving a morphologically meaningful model.
Flexible, self-healing, and degradable polymeric dielectrics cross-linked through metal–ligand for resistive memory device
Authors: Chang Yu-Chi , Liang Yi-Yun , Liu Hao-Jung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ability to self-heal is a crucial feature in nature, where living organisms can repair themselves when subjected to minor injuries. With an increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the concept of biomimetic self-healing polymeric materials has emerged as a prominent trend, promising to significantly extend the lifespan and reliability of products. Studies have shown that one-third of proteins in living organisms require metal cofactors to function properly. It is known that protein-metal interactions can enhance the performance of certain biomaterials, and different choices of metals and ligands can create diverse material properties, influencing characteristics such as hardness, toughness, adhesion, and self-healing abilities. Gelatin is a natural polymer derived from the hydrolysis of collagen, and its unique amino acid structure has led to a wide range of applications. In this research, by introducing aluminum ions that form metal coordination complexes with the carboxyl groups in gelatin, an elastic network with self-healing properties was constructed. This gelatin-based material was utilized as an insulating layer in resistive switching devices. Furthermore, by employing a gelatin substrate of the same composition, the device demonstrated strong interfacial adhesion. The device based on the self-healing gelatin film exhibited excellent electrical performance and mechanical properties. Even after self-healing, it maintained a high ON/OFF ratio of up to 105 and a concentrated distribution of switching parameters. Supported by compelling physical and electrical evidence, this study showcases significant development opportunities for biomimetic materials in green electronic devices.
Acoustically transparent alumina-based cranial implants enhance ultrasound transmission through a combined mechano-acoustic resonant effect
Authors: Gutierrez Mario Ibrahin , Sellappan Pathikumar , Penilla Elias H , Poblete-Naredo Irais , Vera Arturo , Leija Lorenzo , Garay Javier E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound for brain stimulation has increased in the last years. This energy has shown promising results for treating Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and traumatic brain injury, among other conditions. However, the application of ultrasound in the brain should trespass a natural but highly attenuating and distorting barrier, the cranium. Implantable ceramic materials can be used to replace part of the cranium as an alternate method to enhance ultrasound transmission. In this work, it is presented the acoustic characterization of alumina ceramic disks that can be employed as cranial implants for acoustic windows-to-the-brain. Alumina samples were prepared using current-activated pressure-assisted densification and were acoustically characterized. Acoustic impedance and attenuation of the samples were determined for different porosities. Additionally, measured and modeled acoustic fields are presented and analyzed in terms of the total ultrasound transmitted through the ceramics. Results indicate a resonant behavior in the alumina disks when the thickness corresponds to a half-wavelength of ultrasound; this resonance permits a total of 95.4% of ultrasound transmission; for thicknesses out of the resonant zone, transmission is 53.0%. Alumina proves to be an excellent medium for ultrasound transmission that, in conjunction with its mechanical and optical properties, can be useful for cranium replacement in mixed opto-acoustic applications.
Introduction of novel method of cyclic self-heating for the experimental quantification of the efficiency of caloric materials shown for LaFe11,4Mn0,35Si1,26Hx
Authors: Schipper Jan , Melchin Stefan , Metzdorf Julius , Bach David , Fehrenbach Miriam , Löwe Konrad , Vieyra Hugo , Kühnemann Frank , Wöllenstein Jürgen , Bartholomé Kilian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hysteresis and the associated production of dissipative heat during first order phase transitions are often major contributors to thermodynamic losses in caloric heat pumps. The figure of merit (FOM), defined as the ratio of adiabatic temperature change and the thermal hysteresis of the caloric material, quantifies these losses, and can also be used to calculate the maximum potential efficiency of a caloric material in a thermodynamic cycle. This paper presents a novel and simple method to determine the heat loss and thus the FOM can be determined from self-heating of the caloric material during repeated field cycling. As this method mainly requires temperature readings and the ability to cycle the caloric material in a field, most test setups that directly measure the adiabatic temperature change should already be able to perform dissipative heat measurements with this technique. With the presented method, we were able to determine the efficiency of a commercial LaFeSiMnH-sample with a high degree of accuracy. A maximum FOM of

37
±
1

was determined for the selected LaFeSiMnH-sample. In an ideal cascaded magneto caloric system, this corresponds to a system efficiency of 90%, with an ideal heat regeneration this could theoretically even be increased to 97%.