bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning, expression of Vibrio alginolyticus outer membrane protein‐OmpU gene and its potential application as vaccine in crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch
Authors: Cai S H , Lu Y S , Wu Z H , Jian J C 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe outer membrane proteins of the marine aquatic animal pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus, play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. In this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein‐OmpU was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified recombinant OmpU, and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting using the isolated OmpU and the recombinant OmpU of V. alginolyticus. To analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant OmpU, crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, were immunized by intraperitoneal injection, and antibody response was assessed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the recombinant OmpU produced an observable antibody response in all sera of the vaccinated fish. The vaccinated fish were challenged by virulent V. alginolyticus and observed to have high resistance to infection. These results indicate that the recombinant OmpU is an effective vaccine candidate against V. alginolyticus in L. erythropterus.
Identification of Expressed Resistance Gene Analogs from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Expressed Sequence Tags
Authors: Liu Zhanji , Feng Suping , Pandey Manish K. , Chen Xiaoping , Culbreath Albert K. , Varshney Rajeev K. , Guo Baozhu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLow genetic diversity makes peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) very vulnerable to plant pathogens, causing severe yield loss and reduced seed quality. Several hundred partial genomic DNA sequences as nucleotide‐binding‐site leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) resistance genes (R) have been identified, but a small portion with expressed transcripts has been found. We aimed to identify resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from peanut expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and to develop polymorphic markers. The protein sequences of 54 known R genes were used to identify homologs from peanut ESTs from public databases. A total of 1,053 ESTs corresponding to six different classes of known R genes were recovered, and assembled 156 contigs and 229 singletons as peanut‐expressed RGAs. There were 69 that encoded for NBS‐LRR proteins, 191 that encoded for protein kinases, 82 that encoded for LRR‐PK/transmembrane proteins, 28 that encoded for Toxin reductases, 11 that encoded for LRR‐domain containing proteins and four that encoded for TM‐domain containing proteins. Twenty‐eight simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified from 25 peanut expressed RGAs. One SSR polymorphic marker (RGA121) was identified. Two polymerase chain reaction‐based markers (Ahsw‐1 and Ahsw‐2) developed from RGA013 were homologous to the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance gene. All three markers were mapped on the same linkage group AhIV. These expressed RGAs are the source for RGA‐tagged marker development and identification of peanut resistance genes.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation and Management of an MTA‐Treated Maxillary Central Incisor with Root Perforation and Severe Internal Resorption
Authors: Abuabara Allan , Costa Rogério G. , Morais Eduardo C. , Furuse Adilson Y. , Gonzaga Carla C. , Filho Flares Baratto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRoot canal perforation and root resorption are challenging clinical conditions to correctly diagnose and treat, especially when they occur in anterior teeth. This clinical report describes the computed tomography findings, endodontic treatment, prosthetic rehabilitation, and clinical outcome of an iatrogenic root perforation and internal resorption in a maxillary central incisor. The case management consisted of endodontic retreatment, periodontal surgery, and prosthetic rehabilitation. Gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was used to fill the resorption space and seal the perforation. The prosthetic treatment was performed with glass fiber‐reinforced dowels and all‐ceramic crowns. No signs or symptoms, including discomfort, pain, or esthetic defects were observed in 30 months of follow‐up.
Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: The Medical and Psychosocial Late Effects of Cancer Treatment and the Impact on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Jacobs Linda A. , Pucci Donna A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are over 13 million cancer survivors in the United States, which constitutes 3–4% of the U.S. population. According to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program (SEER) data the 5-year overall survival rate for children diagnosed with cancer between ages 0–19 is 83.1%, and 2/3 of childhood cancer survivors will experience at least one late effect of treatment.

Aim
To provide a brief overview of the medical and psychosocial effects of cancer treatments in survivors of childhood cancer with a focus on sexual and reproductive health issues in this population.

Methods
The development of a manuscript from a presentation at the Annual Society of Sexual Medicine meeting. An overview of long-term and late effects of treatment experienced by young adult cancer survivors was presented.

Main Outcome Measure
This manuscript is based on a presentation that reviewed the medical and psychosocial literature, consensus statements of professional groups, and clinical observations.

Results
Cancer and cancer treatments have both direct and indirect effects of physiological, psychological, and interpersonal factors that can negatively impact the health and well-being of cancer survivors including sexual and reproductive function and satisfaction.

Conclusions
Cancer, its management, and the resulting late effects must be explored and understood by providers caring for childhood cancer survivors so that educational, psychological, pharmacologic, as well as preventive interventions can be implemented with this population.
Spanin function requires subunit homodimerization through intermolecular disulfide bonds
Authors: Berry Joel D. , Rajaure Manoj , Young Ry 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe λ Rz and Rz1 proteins are the subunits of the spanin complex, required for the disruption of the outer membrane during host lysis. Rz, the inner membrane or i‐spanin, has a largely alpha‐helical periplasmic domain, whereas Rz1, the outer membrane or o‐spanin, has a 25% proline content with no predicted secondary structure. We report that both Rz and Rz1 accumulate as homodimers covalently linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds involving all three Cys residues, two in Rz and one in Rz1. Moreover, of these three intermolecular disulfides, spanin function requires the presence of at least one of the two linkages nearest the Rz–Rz1 C‐terminal interaction domains; i.e. either the Rz1–Rz1 disulfide or the distal Rz–Rz disulfide link. In a dsbC host, but not in dsbA or dsbA dsbC hosts, formation of the covalent homodimers of Rz is severely reduced and outer membrane disruption is significantly delayed, suggesting that the spanin pathway normally proceeds through DsbA‐mediated formation of an intramolecular disulfide in Rz. In contrast, efficient formation of the Rz1–Rz1 disulfide requires DsbA. Finally, Dsb‐independent formation of the covalent homodimer of either subunit requires the presence of the other, presumably as a template for close apposition of the thiols.
Activity of the Bacillus thuringiensis NprR–NprX cell–cell communication system is co‐ordinated to the physiological stage through a complex transcriptional regulation
Authors: Dubois Thomas , Perchat Stéphane , Verplaetse Emilie , Gominet Myriam , Lemy Christelle , Aumont‐Nicaise Magali , Grenha Rosa , Nessler Sylvie , Lereclus Didier 
Published: February 2013

SummaryNprR is a quorum sensor of the RNPP family found in bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group. In association with its cognate peptide NprX, NprR controls the expression of genes essential for survival and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis during its necrotrophic development in insects. Here, we report that the nprR–nprX genes are not autoregulated and are co‐transcribed from a σA‐dependent promoter (PA) located upstream from nprR. The transcription from PA starts at the onset of the stationary phase and is controlled by two transcriptional regulators: CodY and PlcR. The nutritional repressor CodY represses nprR–nprX transcription during the exponential growth phase and the quorum sensor PlcR activates nprR–nprX transcription at the onset of stationary phase. We show that nprX is also transcribed independently of nprR from two promoters, PH and PE, dependent on the sporulation‐specific sigma factors, σH and σE respectively. Both promoters ensure nprX transcription during late stationary phase while transcription from PA has decreased. These results show that the activity of the NprR–NprX quorum sensing system is tightly co‐ordinated to the physiological stage throughout the developmental process of the Bacillus.
Prediction, Authority, and Entitlement in Shared Activity
Authors: Roth Abraham Sesshu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractShared activity is often simply willed into existence by individuals. This poses a problem. Philosophical reflection suggests that shared activity involves a distinctive, interlocking structure of intentions. But it is not obvious how one can form the intention necessary for shared activity without settling what fellow participants will do and thereby compromising their agency and autonomy. One response to this problem suggests that an individual can have the requisite intention if she makes the appropriate predictions about fellow participants. I argue that implementing this predictive strategy risks derailing practical reasoning and preventing one from forming the intention. My alternative proposal for reconciling shared activity with autonomy appeals to the idea of acting directly on another's intention. In particular, I appeal to the entitlement one sometimes has to another's practical judgment, and the corresponding authority the other sometimes has to settle what one is to do.
Pyogenic granuloma mimicking peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumour recurrence: case report and meta‐analytic literature update
Authors: Pommer B. , Dvorak G. , Rappersberger K. , Jordan R.C.K. , Watzek G. , Pogrel M.A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPeripheral (extraosseous) dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, representing less than 1% of all odontogenic tumours. Only 28 cases (including the present report) are described in literature: the majority of patients (89%) are over 40 years of age (mean: 59.1 ± 20.5 years) and 63% are male. Seventy‐three per cent are located in the mandible, and anterior jaw regions are most commonly affected (74%). Erosion of the underlying bone can be observed in 53% radiographically. The present case report describes a recurrent swelling after excisional biopsy of a peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumour in the anterior maxilla of a 78‐year‐old male patient mimicking tumour recurrence. Histopathological examination of the second biopsy, however, revealed no evidence of ghost‐cell tumour recurrence but development of a pyogenic granuloma. In contrast to central dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours, there is no evidence of recurrence of peripheral dentinogenic ghost‐cell tumours in literature to date.
Addition of ascorbic acid solution to stored murine red blood cells increases posttransfusion recovery and decreases microparticles and alloimmunization
Authors: Stowell Sean R. , Smith Nicole H. , Zimring James C. , Fu Xiaoyun , Palmer Andre F. , Fontes Jorge , Banerjee Uddyalok , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThe storage of red blood cells (RBCs) results in numerous changes, which over time result in decreased recovery of transfused RBCs. In addition (at least in animal models), stored RBCs can be more immunogenic and also stimulate the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines in transfusion recipients. One component of the RBC storage lesion is the accumulation of oxidative damage. We tested the hypothesis that adding a chemical antioxidant (ascorbic acid) to stored RBCs would improve the quality of the stored RBCs.Study Design and MethodsRBCs were harvested from FVB.HOD mice that express an RBC‐specific model transgene (HOD) and stored for 14 days with either ascorbic acid in saline or saline alone. Twenty‐four‐hour posttransfusion recovery of RBCs was tracked by flow cytometry. Alloimmunization was monitored by flow cytometry crossmatch. Cytokines were monitored by multiplex bead arrays.ResultsRBCs stored under standard conditions had decreased 24‐hour posttransfusion recovery and increased induction of both alloantibodies and interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 secretion in the mouse recipients. Addition of ascorbic acid from 3.6 to 10.8 mmol/L resulted in a significant decrease in microparticle formation, an improved RBC 24‐hour posttransfusion recovery (p < 0.01), and a decrease in recipient alloimmunization (p = 0.0001). Induction of MCP‐1 and IL‐6 secretion was not decreased by ascorbic acid.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the addition of ascorbic acid solution to RBCs during storage has a beneficial effect on recovery and immunogenicity of RBCs, but not cytokine induction. The addition of ascorbic acid (or other antioxidants) to human RBCs may have beneficial effects.
Software for Dosage Individualization of Voriconazole for Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Hope William W. , VanGuilder Michael , Donnelly J. Peter , Blijlevens Nicole M. A. , Brüggemann Roger J. M. , Jelliffe Roger W. , Neely Michael N. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The efficacy of voriconazole is potentially compromised by considerable pharmacokinetic variability. There are increasing insights into voriconazole concentrations that are safe and effective for treatment of invasive fungal infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is increasingly advocated. Software to aid in the individualization of dosing would be an extremely useful clinical tool. We developed software to enable the individualization of voriconazole dosing to attain predefined serum concentration targets. The process of individualized voriconazole therapy was based on concepts of Bayesian stochastic adaptive control. Multiple-model dosage design with feedback control was used to calculate dosages that achieved desired concentration targets with maximum precision. The performance of the software program was assessed using the data from 10 recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) receiving intravenous (i.v.) voriconazole. The program was able to model the plasma concentrations with a high level of precision, despite the wide range of concentration trajectories and interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. The voriconazole concentrations predicted after the last dosages were largely concordant with those actually measured. Simulations provided an illustration of the way in which the software can be used to adjust dosages of patients falling outside desired concentration targets. This software appears to be an extremely useful tool to further optimize voriconazole therapy and aid in therapeutic drug monitoring. Further prospective studies are now required to define the utility of the controller in daily clinical practice.
Phospholipase C of Cryptococcus neoformans Regulates Homeostasis and Virulence by Providing Inositol Trisphosphate as a Substrate for Arg1 Kinase
Authors: Lev Sophie , Desmarini Desmarini , Li Cecilia , Chayakulkeeree Methee , Traven Ana , Sorrell Tania C. , Djordjevic Julianne T. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPhospholipase C (PLC) ofCryptococcus neoformans(CnPlc1) is crucial for virulence of this fungal pathogen. To investigate the mechanism of CnPlc1-mediated signaling, we established that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a major CnPlc1 substrate, which is hydrolyzed to produce inositol trisphosphate (IP3). InSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Plc1-derived IP3is a substrate for the inositol polyphosphate kinase Arg82, which converts IP3to more complex inositol polyphosphates. In this study, we show that inC. neoformans, the enzyme encoded byARG1is the major IP3kinase, and we further demonstrate that catalytic activity of Arg1 is essential for cellular homeostasis and virulence in theGalleria mellonellainfection model. IP3content was reduced in the CnΔplc1mutant and markedly increased in the CnΔarg1mutant, while PIP2was increased in both mutants. The CnΔplc1and CnΔarg1mutants shared significant phenotypic similarity, including impaired thermotolerance, compromised cell walls, reduced capsule production and melanization, defective cell separation, and the inability to form mating filaments. In contrast to theS. cerevisiae ARG82deletion mutant (ScΔarg82) strain, the CnΔarg1mutant exhibited dramatically enlarged vacuoles indicative of excessive vacuolar fusion. In mammalian cells, PLC-derived IP3causes Ca2+release and calcineurin activation. Our data show that, unlike mammalian PLCs, CnPlc1 does not contribute significantly to calcineurin activation. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that the inositol polyphosphate anabolic pathway is essential for virulence ofC. neoformansand further show that production of IP3as a precursor for synthesis of more complex inositol polyphosphates is the key biochemical function of CnPlc1.
The use of local anaesthesia for intrauterine device insertion by health professionals in the UK
Authors: Akintomide Hannat , Sewell Robert D E , Stephenson Judith M 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundPain associated with the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) is a known barrier to intrauterine contraception use in the UK. It is good practice for health professionals to discuss pain relief and use with women prior to the insertion of an IUD.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of and reasons for and against the use of local anaesthesia (LA) for IUD insertion.MethodsA survey was undertaken using paper questionnaires to determine LA use for IUD insertion by UK health professionals.ResultsOverall, approximately one quarter (n=129) of all respondents use LA routinely, one quarter hardly ever or never use LA, while the remaining half use it sometimes. Use of LA was more prevalent among health professionals who worked in integrated sexual and reproductive health and contraception-only services, compared to general practice. UK health professionals who hardly ever or never used LA for the insertion of IUDs were more likely to be working in general practice.ConclusionsThe results of this survey suggest that more UK health professionals need to routinely discuss pain relief and offer this to their patients prior to IUD insertion as part of the care pathway for patients who choose to use intrauterine contraception.
Association of Spironolactone Use With All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure
Authors: Lund Lars H. , Svennblad Bodil , Melhus Håkan , Hallberg Pär , Dahlström Ulf , Edner Magnus 
Published: February 2013

Background—
In 3 randomized controlled trials in heart failure (HF), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduced mortality. The net benefit from randomized controlled trials may not be generalizable, and eplerenone was, but spironolactone was not, studied in mild HF. We tested the hypothesis that spironolactone is associated with reduced mortality also in a broad unselected contemporary population with HF and reduced ejection fraction, in particular New York Heart Association (NYHA) I–II.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively studied 18 852 patients (age 71±12 years; 28% women) with NYHA I–IV and ejection fraction <40% who were registered in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2000 and 2012 and who were (n=6551) or were not (n=12 301) treated with spironolactone. We derived propensity scores for spironolactone treatment based on 41 covariates. We assessed survival by Cox regression with adjustment for propensity scores and with matching based on propensity score. We performed sensitivity and residual confounding analyses and analyzed the NYHA I–II and III–IV subgroups separately. One-year survival was 83% versus 84% in treated versus untreated patients (log rank
P
<0.001). After adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for spironolactone was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.11;
P
=0.054). Spironolactone interacted with NYHA (
P
<0.001). In the NYHA I–II subgroup, after adjustment for propensity scores, the hazard ratio for spironolactone was 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.21;
P
=0.019).

Conclusions—
In an unselected contemporary population of HF with reduced ejection fraction, spironolactone was not associated with reduced mortality. The net benefits of spironolactone may be lower outside the clinical trial setting and in milder HF.
Salivary Gland Surgery and Medical Malpractice
Authors: Hong Steven S. , Yheulon Christopher G. , Sniezek Joseph C. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo better understand the causes and outcomes of lawsuits involving salivary gland surgery by analyzing malpractice litigation trends to prevent future litigation and improve physician education.Study DesignAnalysis of a national database.SettingAll US civil trials.Subjects and MethodsThe WESTLAW database was reviewed from January 1987 to March 2011. Data were compiled on the demographics of the defendant, anatomic site of injury, initial pathology, nature of injury, legal allegations, verdicts, and indemnities.ResultsTwenty‐six cases met inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Verdicts/settlements for the plaintiffs predominated (58%), and the average sum of the plaintiff's monetary award was $933,235. Sixteen cases (62%) involved injury to the parotid gland/duct, with 10 cases involving injury to the facial nerve. No cases were filed on the grounds of failure to use facial nerve monitoring. Nine cases (35%) involved injury to the submandibular gland/duct. The most common legal allegations listed were improper performance followed by unnecessary procedures. If failure or inadequate consent was a component of the legal allegations, the verdict outcome significantly favored the defendants.ConclusionOur study reveals that the plaintiffs in litigations involving salivary gland surgery have a slight advantage in outcomes with a fairly substantial award. Our litigation review reiterates the importance of detailed anatomic knowledge of the lingual and facial nerve to avoid the pitfalls of surgical error and consequent litigation. In addition, thorough preoperative evaluation of salivary gland pathology, including radiographic studies and needle biopsy, may help avoid errors in diagnosis and subsequent litigations.
Fixed point theorems for generalized contractions on GP-metric spaces
Authors: Bilgili Nurcan , Karapınar Erdal , Salimi Peyman 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we present two fixed point theorems on mappings, defined on GP-complete GP-metric spaces, which satisfy a generalized contraction property determined by certain upper semi-continuous functions. Furthermore, we illustrate applications of our theorems with a number of examples. Inspired by the work of Jachymski, we also establish equivalences of certain auxiliary maps in the context of GP-complete GP-metric spaces.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.