bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Asthma Quality Improvement Program Designed for Maintenance of Certification
Authors: Vernacchio Louis , Francis Mary E. , Epstein Daniel M. , Santangelo Jean , Trudell Emily K. , Reynolds Meghan E. , Risko Wanessa 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Pediatricians are required to perform quality improvement for board recertification. We developed an asthma project within the Pediatric Physicians’ Organization at Children’s, an independent practice association affiliated with Boston Children’s Hospital, designed to meet recertification requirements and improve asthma care.

METHODS:
The program was based on the learning collaborative model. We developed practice-based registries of children 5 to 17 years of age with persistent asthma and helped physicians improve processes of asthma care through education, data feedback, and sharing of best practices.

RESULTS:
Fifty-six physicians participated in 3 cohorts; 594 patients were included in the project. In all cohorts, improvements occurred in the use of asthma action plans (62.4%–76.8% cohort 1, 50.6%–88.4% cohort 2, 53.0%–79.6% cohort 3) and Asthma Control Tests (4.6%–55.2% cohort 1, 9.0%–67.8% cohort 2, 15.2%–61.4% cohort 3). Less consistent improvements were observed in seasonal influenza vaccines, controller medications, and asthma follow-up visits. The proportion of patients experiencing ≥1 asthma exacerbation within the year declined in all 3 cohorts (37.8%–19.9%, P = .0002 cohort 1; 27.8%–20.7%, P = .1 cohort 2; 36.6%–26.9%, P = .1 cohort 3). For each cohort, asthma exacerbations declined to a greater extent than those of a comparison group.

CONCLUSIONS:
This asthma quality improvement project designed for maintenance of certification improved processes of care among patients with persistent asthma. The learning collaborative approach may be a useful model for other board-recertification quality improvement projects but requires a substantial investment of organizational time and staff.
Wikipedia
Authors: Guldbrandsson Lennart 
Published: June 2014

Above my desk is a quote by Albert Einstein: “Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” One of Einstein’s problems, of course, was that since he was a pioneer, there were not many who could give him the correct answers.
Wikipedia is in some ways in the same position. It is presently the 6th most visited website in the world (Alexa 2014), it is the only donor-supported website in the top 50 list, and Mozilla is the only other non-profit in the top 25 list (Gardner 2013). Few other very large websites use only copyright-free material, written and maintained by anyone, with a decision system that has been described as consensus-driven. Even the five-year strategic plan for the Wikimedia Foundation was crowd-sourced (Wikimedia 2011b).
Fiscal Integration and Growth Stimulation in Europe
Authors: Drèze Jacques , Durré Alain , Drèze Jacques , Carpantier Jean-François 
Published: June 2014

Dans le cadre de la crise frappant aujourd’hui les dettes souveraines, le défaut d’intégration économique dans l’Union Économique et Monétaire (UEM) ressort clairement et nourrit un débat intense parmi les chercheurs et les responsables politiques. Le débat concerne surtout la discipline budgétaire et les politiques d’austérité, qui pèsent toutes deux sur les perspectives de croissance. Dans cet article, nous évaluons les principaux défauts structurels de l’UEM à la lumière de la théorie de l’équilibre général. Nous reprenons deux questions centrales pour la stabilité de l’UEM : la répartition internationale des risques macroéconomiques et la coordination des politiques de stimulation de la croissance. Nous proposons : (A) un schéma spécifique d’assurance mutuelle des risques macroéconomiques ; (B) le transfert au niveau UEM de la conduite des politiques de demande, avec comme instrument des programmes ambitieux d’investissements (publics, ou privés mais budgétairement neutres). Classification JEL : E24, E63, H63.
The Changing Face of Morocco under King Hassan II
Authors: Roberson Jennifer 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe Hassan II Mosque, in Casablanca, Morocco (completed 1993), is well known for its size, historic appearance, and cutting-edge technologies. While the mosque clearly symbolizes Islam and Morocco, scholars have argued that it was also designed to support the legitimacy of the monarch who built it and gave it his name: King Hassan II. While the mosque's significance has been examined, its context within Hassan's decades-long building program has received little attention. It is argued here that the mosque's historic appearance, although not surprising, was not a given but rather the result of an ever-increasing dependence on Moroccan craft as a way to shape Moroccan identity.
Impacts of spatial mismatch on commuting time of urban residents in China
Authors: Bao Danwen , Guo Tangyi , Xia Hongshan 
Published: June 2014

In much of studies on spatial mismatch between residential and employer locations, job accessibility has been measured. However, the apparent disadvantages of the traditional measurement methods on the studies of Chinese cities have been noted. This paper proposed an optimized method for job accessibility measurement by introducing the weigh coefficient of job opportunity, which quantifies the degree of uneven distribution of job opportunity in the Chinese cities. Take Nanjing city for example, this new method was used to measure the spatial distribution of job opportunity, investigate the spatial patterns and analyze the influences of job accessibility on commuting behavior. The results show that the distribution of job accessibility in Nanjing exhibits the different spatial patterns and mechanisms compared with US cases.
How robust is the recent strengthening of the Tropical Pacific trade winds?
Authors: de Boisséson E. , Balmaseda M. A. , Abdalla S. , Källén E. , Janssen P. A. E. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe persistent strengthening of the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean over the past 20 years has recently been proposed as a driver for the increase of ocean heat uptake linked to the hiatus in surface global warming. Crucial aspects in this argument are the reliability of the wind signal, usually derived from atmospheric reanalyses, and the ability of models to represent it. This study addresses these two aspects by comparing various observations with reanalyses and model integrations from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts system. We show that the strengthening of trades over the Pacific is a robust feature in several observational data sets as well as in the reanalyses based on full and limited sets of observations. The wind trend is also reproduced in an atmospheric model integration forced by sea surface temperature analysis, a result that opens the doors to further investigation on the nature of the changes.
Phylogenic Relationship of Labridae Species Deduced from Comparative Dissection
Authors: Mikami Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTLabridae is a family of shallow‐water coastal fish that belong to the Labroidei suborder in the Perciformes order. There has however been little comparative dissection or phylogenetic research on this family, which resulted in confusion regarding species classification. Therefore morphological characters of 12 species of Labridae containing three subfamilies and seven genera were compared for the purpose of determining the characteristics of the subfamilies and genera of Labridae and deducing their phylogenic relationship. We compiled a phylogenetic tree by using the computer program PAUP 4.0b10 and a data set composed of 17 meristic and osteological characters. In our phylogenic tree, the two species of Bodianinae, three species of Cheilininae and seven species of Corinae each formed monophyletic groups, supporting the conventional classification by lateral line shape. Furthermore, the group of three species of Cheilininae and the group of two species of Bodianinae were shown to be more closely related, because they have several common morphological characteristics, such as neuroarticular processes and anterior teeth on premaxilla. Between seven species of Corinae, not only was the group of two species of Halichoeres more closely related to Coris dorsomacula, but also, this group of three species may be closely related to the three species of Thalassoma. Suezichthys gracilis was also found to have separated from the other Corinae species at the earliest stage. Anat Rec, 296:788–797, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Denervation and Castration Effects on the Cross‐Sectional Area of Pubococcygeus Muscle Fibers in Male Rats
Authors: Alvarado Mayvi , Lara‐García Miguel , Cuevas Estela , Berbel Pere , Pacheco Pablo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe number of fibers in skeletal muscles changes little through life; however, the cross‐sectional area of its fibers is modified as result of denervation and in some muscles by castration. The pubococcygeus muscle (Pcm) participates in micturition and ejaculatory processes and its fibers cross‐sectional area is reduced in castrated rats, but denervation effects remained unknown. Here, we used a model in which unilateral denervation of this muscle in gonadally intact and castrated male rats, allowed us to explore the neural and gonadal hormone effects on the cross‐sectional area of its fibers. Denervation significantly reduced the mean cross‐sectional area values; likewise, the percentage distribution of its fibers. We found that castration had a greater effect than denervation. Castration resulted in a lack of fibers from 2,000 to 3,999 μm2, while in denervation it was from 2,500 to 3,999 μm2. It was interpreted that the castration effect was due to a lack of the direct gonadal hormone effect on muscle fibers, and to a reduction of the indirect hormonal action in its neuromuscular complex. In denervated Pcm of gonadally intact animals these effects were present; however, in denervated but castrated animals these were absent. Thus, combined surgeries resulted in the lowest mean cross‐sectional area values with a restricted fiber distribution from 500 to 1,499 μm2. In conclusion, the study in this important muscle showed that cross‐sectional area of its fibers depends on neural and direct/indirect gonadal hormone effects. Anat Rec, 296:1634–1639, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First Records of Talon Cusps on Baboon Maxillary Incisors Argue for Standardizing Terminology and Prompt a Hypothesis of Their Formation
Authors: Heaton Jason L. , Pickering Travis Rayne 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDental characters can provide vital clues for understanding intra‐ and intertaxonomic morphological variation and its underlying genetic and environmental components. However, the unambiguous identification of particular traits and their comparative study is often confounded by lack of consistent terminology in the relevant literature. This difficulty is exacerbated when the etiologies are not completely understood, as is the case with talon cusps. To date, research on talon cusps has focused on modern humans. In many instances, descriptions of talon cusps appear in clinical case studies focusing on their treatment and removal. What is lacking in those discussions, though, is a comparative framework, in which the occurrence of talon cusps in nonhuman primates, and possibly other mammals, is established and understood. Here, we report on a taloned upper central incisor of a wild baboon (Papio hamadryas ursinus) from South Africa. The anomalous incisor of this individual includes an exaggerated accessory cusp diagnosed as a Type II talon. Microcomputed tomographic and radiographic analyses show that the taloned cusp possesses enamel, dentin, and pulp. In addition, we identified an unclassifiable talon cusp on a central maxillary incisor of a baboon skull housed in the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum collection. Our observations of talon cusps on baboon incisors demonstrate that, with regard to this phenomenon, systematic study of nonhuman primates is much needed, along with a consistent use of terminology in the anatomical and anthropological literature. Finally, we present a hypothesis of the formation of talon cusps on mammalian incisors. Anat Rec, 296:1874–1880, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ontogenetic Study of Allometric Variation in Homo and Pan Mandibles
Authors: Singh Nandini 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTInvestigating ontogenetic variation and allometry in the mandible can provide valuable insight and aid in addressing questions related to the ontogeny of the skull. Here, patterns of ontogenetic shape change and allometric trajectories were examined in the mandible of 187 sub‐adult and adult humans, bonobos, and chimpanzees. Procrustes‐based geometric morphometrics was employed to quantify and analyze mandibular form. Thirty three‐dimensional landmarks were used to capture the overall morphology of the mandible, and the landmarks were analyzed as a whole and subdivided into separate anterior and posterior units. Principal component analyses in Procrustes shape–space and form–space, and multivariate regressions were used to examine patterns of ontogenetic and allometric shape change. Results suggest that humans are distinct from Pan both in their mandibular morphology, particularly in the anterior‐alveolar region, and direction of allometric trajectory. Chimpanzees and bonobos have parallel ontogenetic trajectories, but also show differences in mandibular shape. Species‐specific features and adult mandibular shape are established before or by the eruption of the deciduous dentition. This suggests that developmental processes prior to deciduous teeth eruption have a stronger effect establishing taxa‐specific phenotypes than later postnatal effects. This additionally implies that divergent trajectories between Pan and Homo do not contribute much to the adult mandibular shape after deciduous teeth eruption. Separate analyses of the anterior‐alveolar region and ascending ramus show that these regions are semi‐independent in their developmental pattern of shape change and allometry. This implies that allometric variation and ontogenetic shape change in the hominoid mandible is decoupled. Anat Rec, 297:261–272, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case of Brachymetatarsia From Medieval Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Giuffra Valentina , Bianucci Raffaella , Milanese Marco , Tognotti Eugenia , Montella Andrea , Caramella Davide , Fornaciari Gino , Bandiera Pasquale 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTArchaeological excavations carried out in the Medieval village of Geridu (Sardinia) uncovered several burials dating to the late 13th or the first half of 14th century. Among these individuals, the skeleton of an adult female showing a bilateral abnormal shortness of the fourth metatarsal bone was identified. Bilaterality and absence of other skeletal anomalies allow to rule out an acquired aetiology of the disease and to support a diagnosis of congenital brachymetatarsia. Such a rare deformity has a clinical incidence of 0.02% to 0.05%, with strong predominance of the female gender. To our knowledge, no other cases of brachymetatarsia have been reported in paleopathology so far. Anat Rec, 297:650–652, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information Technologies for Innovative Process and Plant Design
Authors: Bramsiepe Christian , Krasberg Nicolai , Fleischer Christoph , Hohmann Lukas , Kockmann Norbert , Schembecker Gerhard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractProcess and plant design is associated with long lead times from first planning to plant commissioning. Methods to reduce lead time in chemical engineering process and plant design are reviewed. Experiment‐based process design methods for small‐scale production will be discussed as well as recent approaches for module‐based plant design. For both, the required information technologies will be discussed, and an overview will be given about suitable and available software solutions. Finally, an innovative approach to modularization for small‐scale continuous container processes will be presented.
Channel Modeling for Digital Transmission Using Power Line
Authors: Sasaki Norio , Seino Kenichi , Hanaumi Tasuku , Oda Takeshi , Adachi Fumiyuki 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYExperiments on modeling a channel for digital transmission were performed, and an analysis of the results was used to clarify the characteristics of propagation loss and of the delay path profile, together with the noise characteristics of a power line carrier system using power transmission lines. To investigate the characteristics of propagation loss, the experimental results were subjected to multiple regression analysis and an equation for estimating propagation loss was derived with useful parameters. To investigate the characteristics of the delay path profile, the additional loss in the delay path was modeled and elucidated. The results showed that the delay path is traveled by both in‐phase propagation and out‐of‐phase propagation. Thus, it is important to consider these two propagation characteristics during modeling. The noise characteristics were shown to be superpositions of the characteristics of thermal noise and impulse noise, and these two characteristics were modeled on the basis of a theoretical analysis and the cumulative probability distribution. The simultaneous use of these models agreed well with the measured results, indicating that the models are practical for real‐world use.
A Tabletop Interface Using Fingernail Images and Real Object Recognition
Authors: Hara Kenta , Takemura Noriko , Iwai Yoshio , Sato Kosuke 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYA variety of research on tabletop interfaces has been reported in the last decade. In a tabletop system, the difference in operation between digital media and physical media such as paper gives an unsatisfactory experience and disturbs their comfortable simultaneous use. For users to be satisfied, they must be able to operate the digital and physical media seamlessly. In this paper, we propose a tabletop interface system that allows users to operate digital media intuitively by using gesture recognition. The proposed table can capture an image of an object on the table by utilizing press gesture recognition from images of a user's fingernail based on support vector machine (SVM), and can acquire digital content from digital paper by utilizing a shake gesture of the device. The evaluation experiments show that the proposed system recognizes a user's finger state with high accuracy and that the users can intuitively operate the table without any awareness of data transmission.
Design Technology of Stacked Type DTMOS
Authors: Hiroshima Yu , Kodama Takahiro , Watanabe Shigeyoshi 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYStacked type DTMOS, which makes it possible to realize both the high‐speed, low‐power characteristics of FinFET type DTMOS and small the pattern area of stacked transistors, has been newly proposed. The delay time of the substrate of stacked type DTMOS can be reduced to less than 10% of that for conventional FinFET type DTMOS by using the sidewall connection between the gate and substrate. By using a stacked structure of NMOS with a (110) substrate on PMOS with a (100) substrate, high‐speed performance with optimized mobility value can be realized without sacrificing the pattern area. Furthermore, the pattern area of the inverter/NAND circuit, LSI for communication, and the DRAM buffer circuit with stacked type DTMOS is compared with that of conventional FinFET type DTMOS. The newly proposed stacked type DTMOS is a promising candidate for realizing high‐performance system LSI such as GHz class microprocessors.
An Approach of Vectorizing Shopping Paths Sensed by RFID Tags to Classify Retail Customers and Its Application with Principal Component Regression
Authors: Inamoto Tsutomu , Ohno Asako , Murao Hajime 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an approach for classifying customers in retail stores into given types according to their shopping paths, each of which is a sequence of sections visited by the corresponding customer and is gathered by an RFID tag. The approach vectorizes a sequence of sections; that is, the approach splits such a sequence into tuples of sections, then sums up the occurrence counts of those tuples. This vectorization is based on the hypothesis that a customer's type has a relation to subsequences of sections in his/her shopping path and the conjecture that customers types can be attributed to co‐occurrences of such subsequences. After vectorization, the proposed approach applies a general discrimination method to such vectors of equal length. In computational illustrations, principal component regression is selected as a representative of general discrimination methods and is applied to shopping paths collected in an existing retail store so as to predict whether a customer purchases items more than average or not. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, with higher forecast accuracies than existing methods.
A Packet Scheduling Scheme Using Multicast RTS in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Sugigaki Fumiyasu , Inai Hiroshi 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYOne of the problems in wireless mesh networks is HOL (Head of Line) blocking at relay nodes. To overcome that problem, packet scheduling schemes using the MRTS (Multicast Request to Send [RTS]) frame, an extension of the RTS frame, have been proposed. The sender first multicasts an MRTS frame to multiple destination candidates. Then the sender transmits the data packet to the candidate which earliest returns a CTS frame. That mechanism could solve the HOL blocking problem. In principle, as the number of the candidates increases, the transmission success rate increases; however the overhead also increases. Under the existing scheduling schemes, the sender always arranges more than two candidates, which would increase the overhead. In this paper, to reduce the overhead, we propose a scheduling scheme which restricts the number of candidates to not more than two at any time. Simulations shown that, in comparison with the existing scheme, our scheme provides higher throughput and fairness.
Metallo‐organic Conjugated Systems for Organic Electronics
Authors: Asatkar Ashish K. , Bedi Anjan , Zade Sanjio S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPolymer/organic optoelectronic devices have been the center of attention for the last two decades for both the academic and industrial research communities, due to their potential as a a low‐cost, large‐area, solution‐processable technology alternative to their conventional, inorganic counterparts. There are several issues, such as the lower efficiencies, lower stabilities, and higher resistances of organic/polymer‐based optoelectronic devices. To address these obstacles, significant research activity has been devoted to π‐conjugated organics. One of the approaches includes the incorporation of metal complexes in the main conjugation or as a pendant substitution on that. Metallo‐organic compounds with transition row elements have been extensively studied in organic electronics due to the easy tunability of their electronic properties, amenable redox matching, and the extended life‐time of the triplet state. This has successfully resulted in some high performance electronic devices containing metallo‐organic π‐conjugated small molecules and polymers. Herein, we review the recent advances made in metallo‐organic materials (small molecules and polymers) for organic electronics.