bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare workers and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) status: how worried should we be about further outbreaks?
Authors: BASU S. , GIRI P. , ADISESH A. , McNAUGHT R. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYRecently, a number of outbreaks of measles and mumps have occurred within the UK and Europe. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of contracting and transmitting disease to patients and staff. To examine this risk at the point of entry to healthcare, we assessed the serological results of new HCWs presenting for pre-placement clearance without evidence of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunity between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2012. Overall rates of serological positivity to MMR across all age groups were 88·2%, 68·8% and 93·9%, respectively. With regard to measles and mumps, there were statistically significant decreases in the percentage of HCWs born after 1980 that had positive serology (P < 0·05). No such differences were seen between healthcare groups. Most seronegative HCWs accepted MMR vaccination. Despite our entry-level findings, the ongoing risk of a MMR outbreak within this cohort of HCWs appears low.
The Effect of Magnesium Ions on Chromosome Structure as Observed by Helium Ion Microscopy
Authors: Dwiranti Astari , Hamano Tohru , Takata Hideaki , Nagano Shoko , Guo Hongxuan , Onishi Keiko , Wako Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Susumu , Fukui Kiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne of the few conclusions known about chromosome structure is that Mg2+is required for the organization of chromosomes. Scanning electron microscopy is a powerful tool for studying chromosome morphology, but being nonconductive, chromosomes require metal/carbon coating that may conceal information about the detailed surface structure of the sample. Helium ion microscopy (HIM), which has recently been developed, does not require sample coating due to its charge compensation system. Here we investigated the structure of isolated human chromosomes under different Mg2+concentrations by HIM. High-contrast and resolution images from uncoated samples obtained by HIM enabled investigation on the effects of Mg2+on chromosome structure. Chromatin fiber information was obtained more clearly with uncoated than coated chromosomes. Our results suggest that both overall features and detailed structure of chromatin are significantly affected by different Mg2+concentrations. Chromosomes were more condensed and a globular structure of chromatin with 30 nm diameter was visualized with 5 mM Mg2+treatment, while 0 mM Mg2+resulted in a less compact and more fibrous structure 11 nm in diameter. We conclude that HIM is a powerful tool for investigating chromosomes and other biological samples without requiring metal/carbon coating.
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) and Communication Styles in a Sample of University Students
Authors: Caparrós Beatriz Caparrós , Hoz Esperanza Villar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite the controversy generated by the conceptualization of personality disorders, it is well established that the inflexibility of coping styles and dysfunctional behaviors associated with them can lead to a considerable impairment in interpersonal relationships. Although communication is one of the most important processes in relating to others, few empirical studies have been undertaken on the influence of dysfunctional personality patterns on communication styles, which is the main objective of the present cross-sectional study. A total of 529 Spanish university students were assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III), Millon, Davis, and Millon, 1997, and the Communicator Style Measure (Norton, 1978). Results show statistically significant relationships between different personality patterns and styles of communication and suggest that narcissistic, histrionic and compulsive patterns are related to positive communication styles in a non-clinical sample. The implications of this study are discussed.
Academic Performance and Social Competence of Adolescents: Predictions based on Effortful Control and Empathy
Authors: Zorza Juan P. , Marino Julián , de Lemus Soledad , Acosta Mesas Alberto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study explored the predictive power of effortful control (EC) on empathy, academic performance, and social competence in adolescents. We obtained self-report measures of EC and dispositional empathy in 359 students (197 girls and 162 boys) aged between 12 and 14 years. Each student provided information about the prosocial behavior of the rest of his/her classmates and completed a sociogram. At the end of the school year, we calculated the mean grade of each student and the teacher responsible for each class completed a questionnaire on the academic skills of his/her students. The study confirmed the existence of a structural equation model (SEM) in which EC directly predicted academic performance and social competence. Additionally, empathic concern partially mediated the effect of EC on social competence. Finally, social competence significantly predicted academic performance. The article discusses the practical applications of the model proposed.
Isotopic signatures of N2O produced by ammonia-oxidizing archaea from soils
Authors: Jung Man-Young , Well Reinhard , Min Deullae , Giesemann Anette , Park Soo-Je , Kim Jong-Geol , Kim So-Jeong , Rhee Sung-Keun 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
N2O gas is involved in global warming and ozone depletion. The major sources of N2O are soil microbial processes. Anthropogenic inputs into the nitrogen cycle have exacerbated these microbial processes, including nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are major members of the pool of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. This study investigated the isotopic signatures of N2O produced by soil AOA and associated N2O production processes. All five AOA strains (I.1a, I.1a-associated and I.1b clades of Thaumarchaeota) from soil produced N2O and their yields were comparable to those of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The levels of site preference (SP), δ15Nbulk and δ18O -N2O of soil AOA strains were 13–30%, −13 to −35% and 22–36%, respectively, and strains MY1–3 and other soil AOA strains had distinct isotopic signatures. A 15N-NH4+-labeling experiment indicated that N2O originated from two different production pathways (that is, ammonia oxidation and nitrifier denitrification), which suggests that the isotopic signatures of N2O from AOA may be attributable to the relative contributions of these two processes. The highest N2O production yield and lowest site preference of acidophilic strain CS may be related to enhanced nitrifier denitrification for detoxifying nitrite. Previously, it was not possible to detect N2O from soil AOA because of similarities between its isotopic signatures and those from AOB. Given the predominance of AOA over AOB in most soils, a significant proportion of the total N2O emissions from soil nitrification may be attributable to AOA.
Four-and-a-half LIM domains proteins are novel regulators of the protein kinase D pathway in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Stathopoulou Konstantina , Cuello Friederike , Candasamy Alexandra J. , Kemp Elizabeth M. , Ehler Elisabeth , Haworth Robert S. , Avkiran Metin 
Published: November 2013

PKD (protein kinase D) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in multiple cardiac roles, including the phosphorylation of the class II HDAC5 (histone deacetylase isoform 5) and thereby de-repression of MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) transcription factor activity. In the present study we identify FHL1 (four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 1) and FHL2 as novel binding partners for PKD in cardiac myocytes. This was confirmed by pull-down assays using recombinant GST-fused proteins and heterologously or endogenously expressed PKD in adult rat ventricular myocytes or NRVMs (neonatal rat ventricular myocytes) respectively, and by co-immunoprecipitation of FHL1 and FHL2 with GFP–PKD1 fusion protein expressed in NRVMs. In vitro kinase assays showed that neither FHL1 nor FHL2 is a PKD1 substrate. Selective knockdown of FHL1 expression in NRVMs significantly inhibited PKD activation and HDAC5 phosphorylation in response to endothelin 1, but not to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. In contrast, selective knockdown of FHL2 expression caused a significant reduction in PKD activation and HDAC5 phosphorylation in response to both stimuli. Interestingly, neither intervention affected MEF2 activation by endothelin 1 or phenylephrine. We conclude that FHL1 and FHL2 are novel cardiac PKD partners, which differentially facilitate PKD activation and HDAC5 phosphorylation by distinct neurohormonal stimuli, but are unlikely to regulate MEF2-driven transcriptional reprogramming.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles provide an adjuvant effect to ovalbumin via a Th2 response in Balb/c mice
Authors: Roy Ruchi , Kumar Sandeep , Verma Alok K. , Sharma Akanksha , Chaudhari Bhushan P. , Tripathi Anurag , Das Mukul , Dwivedi Premendra D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) have been used in dietary supplements and may cause an immunomodulatory effect. The present study investigated the effect of ZNPs on antigen-specific immune responses in mice sensitized with the T-cell-dependent antigen ovalbumin (OVA). BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally administered ZNPs (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 3mg) once, in combination with OVA, and the serum antibodies, splenocyte reactivity and activation of antigen-presenting cells were examined. The serum levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE were found significantly enhanced by treatment with ZNPs over control. An increased level of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17 and decreased level of IL-10 and TNF-α in splenocytes administered with ZNPs were observed in comparison with control. The ZNPs and OVA-stimulated T lymphocytes showed enhanced proliferation compared with control. Macrophages and B cells showed high expression of MHC class II, whereas higher expression of CD11b in macrophages of the ZNPs and ZNPs/OVA treated groups was observed. The lungs and spleen had increased eosinophils and mast cell numbers. Also, myeloperoxidase activity in lungs was found to be increased by 2.5-fold in the case of ZNPs and 3.75-fold increase in ZNPs/OVA, whereas in intestine, there was significant increase in both the groups. Increased expression of the genes for GATA-3, SOCS-3, TLR-4, IL-13 and IL-5 in the intestine was observed. Collectively, these data indicate that systemic exposure to a single administration of ZNPs could enhance subsequent antigen-specific immune reactions, including the serum production of antigen-specific antibodies, and the functionality of T cells.
Autoantibody and Human Leukocyte Antigen Profiles in Children With Autoimmune Liver Disease and Their First‐Degree Relatives
Authors: Wang Pengyun , Su Haibin , Underhill James , Blackmore Laura J. , Longhi Maria Serena , Grammatikopoulos Tassos , Okokon Elizabeth Veronica , Davies Edward T. , Vergani Diego , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina , Ma Yun 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Familial clustering of juvenile autoimmune liver disease (AILD), including autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), is rare, despite a high prevalence of autoimmune disorders in AILD families.Methods:To investigate this discrepancy, we measured autoantibodies diagnostic for AILD, anti‐nuclear, anti‐smooth muscle, anti‐liver kidney microsomal type 1, anti‐liver cytosol type 1, and anti‐soluble liver antigen antibodies, and human leukocyte antigen profiles in 31 patients and 65 of their first‐degree relatives (FDR). The autoantibody profile was compared with that of 42 healthy subjects (HS).Results:Autoantibodies were detected in 71% (22/31) patients. Anti‐nuclear antibody or anti‐smooth muscle antibody were present in 4/65 FDR (6.2%). HS were negative for all autoantibodies. The frequencies of homozygous HLA DRB1*0301 (DR3) genes and haplotype A1‐B8‐DR3 were higher in the patients (25% and 43%) than in FDR (9% and 27%) and HS (0% and 16%). The frequencies of disease‐protective genes DR4 and/or DR15 were lower in the patients (25%) than in FDR (42%) and HS (42%). Only 1 family contained 2 patients with AILD, 1 with ASC and 1 with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Both patients possessed A1‐B8‐DR3 genes, the ASC being homozygous and the primary sclerosing cholangitis heterozygous. Six FDR had nonhepatic autoimmune disorders, none being autoantibody positive.Conclusions:Homozygosity for DR3 plays a major role in the predisposition to juvenile AILD. Diagnostic autoantibodies for AILD are rare among patients' FDR and not linked to clinical manifestation of AILD.
A New Wollstonecraft: The Reception of the Vindication of the Rights of Woman and of The Wrongs of Woman in Revolutionary France
Authors: BOUR ISABELLE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article examines five previously unknown French reviews of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and of The Wrongs of Woman, by Mary Wollstonecraft, published in the 1790s. It contrasts the French and the English reception after discussing Wollstonecraft's life in Paris, which helps understand the way her works were assessed. It also looks at the French appraisal of some of Wollstonecraft's contemporaries, especially Ann Radcliffe and Charlotte Smith, to bring out the specificity of the reception of Wollstonecraft's works.
Flow cytometric identification of 76 patients with biclonal disease among 5523 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) and its genetic characterization
Authors: Kern Wolfgang , Bacher Ulrike , Schnittger Susanne , Dicker Frank , Alpermann Tamara , Haferlach Torsten , Haferlach Claudia 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMultiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) identifies rare cases of biclonal disease in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). By MFC, we identified 76 patients with biclonal disease in a cohort of 5523 CLL patients (1·4%). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome banding analysis revealed five and six cases, respectively, with two different cytogenetic aberrations due to clonal evolution. Two different B‐cell receptor rearrangements and IGHV subtypes were more frequent in biclonal than in monoclonal CLL by MFC (37·1% vs. 2·7%; P < 0·001). Patients with biclonal CLL by MFC showed a trend to a shorter time to treatment than monoclonal CLL (P = 0·080).
International migration, transfer of norms and home country fertility
Authors: Beine Michel , Docquier Frédéric , Schiff Maurice 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between international migration and source country fertility. The impact of international migration on source country fertility may have a number of causes, including a transfer of destination countries' fertility norms. We provide a rigorous test of the diffusion of fertility norms using highly detailed original data on migration. Our results provide evidence of a significant transfer of destination countries' fertility norms from migrants to their country of origin: a 1% decrease (increase) in the fertility norm to which migrants are exposed reduces (raises) home country fertility by about 0.3%. JEL classification: J13, J61, O11
Development of a satisfaction scale for young people attending youth mental health services
Authors: Simmons Magenta B. , Parker Alexandra G. , Hetrick Sarah E. , Telford Nic , Bailey Alan , Rickwood Debra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to develop a comprehensive measurement tool for assessing client satisfaction at a youth mental health service.MethodsWe developed a scale based on existing scale items and by generating new items, before undertaking revisions and item reduction in consultation with an expert panel composed of researchers, clinicians and consumer representatives. This draft scale was then pilot tested in seven enhanced primary care youth mental health services across Australia.ResultsA total of 215 respondents completed the scale. Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.953) demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis suggested that the scale measures a global construct of satisfaction.ConclusionsThrough a rigorous and participatory process involving key experts, service providers and service users, this study has resulted in the development of a scale that can appropriately measure the level of user satisfaction with youth‐friendly early intervention services.
Migrant background and ethnic minority status as predictors for duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: Nerhus Mari , Berg Akiah Ottesen , Haram Marit , Kvitland Levi Røstad , Andreassen Ole Andreas , Melle Ingrid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore if patients with migration and/or ethnic minority background have longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) than patients from the reference population, and in case to what extent this was best explained by ethnic minority status or migration background, including age at migration.MethodsFour hundred sixty‐two first‐episode patients were included. The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I Disorders was used for diagnostic purposes. Patients were interviewed about migration history and ethnicity using structured questionnaires.ResultsBeing part of an ethnic minority group had a trend‐level significance, and migration after the age of 6 had a statistically significant association with prolonged DUP.ConclusionsAge at migration has a moderate, but statistically significant effect on DUP. The findings indicate migrating after school start is associated with a longer DUP in immigrant populations.
Expression of sarcoplasmic‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca‐ATPase isoforms in masticatory muscles
Authors: Sánchez Gabriel A. , Trinks Pablo W. , Richard Susana B. , Di Croce Daniel E. , Takara Delia 
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to characterize the sarcoplasmic‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca‐ATPase (SERCA) isoforms in rabbit masticatory muscles compared with those in fast‐twitch muscle. It was hypothesized that combined expression of the SERCA isoforms in fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscles accounts for lower Ca‐ATPase activity. SERCA was isolated by differential centrifugation, the isoforms were determined by ELISA, and the activity of each isoform was measured using a colorimetric method. Activity was tested for significance by anova, and the distribution of isoforms was assessed using the chi‐square test (P < 0.05) and correlated to SERCA activity using Spearman's rank correlation. SERCA1 was predominant (90.5%) in fast‐twitch muscle, whereas a mixture of SERCA isoforms was found in masticatory muscles: 62–78% was SERCA2, 20–37% was SERCA1, and the SERCA3 content was negligible. Depressor muscles showed a significantly higher content (77.8%) of SERCA2, and elevator muscles showed a higher content (35.4%) of SERCA1. Elevator muscles showed higher expression of SERCA2a (58%), and depressor muscles showed higher expression of SERCA2b (20%). The SERCA1 content was mainly SERCA1a and significantly higher for elevator muscles (33%), whereas depressor muscles showed a higher content of SERCA1b (4%). The SERCA1 content of fast‐twitch muscle was mainly SERCA1a (88.5%). It is concluded that the mixture of different SERCA isoforms, along with a substantial content of SERCA2b, in masticatory muscles would support lower Ca‐ATPase activity and calcium transport.
Physically Based Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Sensitivity Analysis Methods
Authors: Beaujean Jean , Lemieux Jean‐Michel , Dassargues Alain , Therrien René , Brouyère Serge 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA general physically based method is presented to assess the vulnerability of groundwater to external pressures by numerical simulation of groundwater flow. The concept of groundwater vulnerability assessment considered here is based on the calculation of sensitivity coefficients for a user‐defined groundwater state for which we propose several physically based indicators. Two sensitivity analysis methods are presented: the sensitivity equation method and the adjoint operator method. We show how careful selection of a method can significantly minimize the computational effort. An illustration of the general methodology is presented for the Herten aquifer analog (Germany). This application to a simple, yet insightful, case demonstrates the potential use of this general and physically based vulnerability assessment method to complex aquifers.
Expression of insulin/insulin‐like signalling and TOR pathway genes in honey bee caste determination
Authors: Wheeler D. E. , Buck N. A. , Evans J. D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe development of queen and worker castes in honey bees is induced by differential nutrition, with future queens and workers receiving diets that are qualitatively and quantitatively different. We monitored the gene expression of 14 genes for components of the insulin/insulin‐like signalling and TOR pathways in honey bee larvae from 40–88 h after hatching. We compared normally fed queen and normally fed worker larvae and found that three genes showed expression differences in 40‐h‐old larvae. Genes that show such early differences in expression may be part of the mechanism that transduces nutrition level into a hormone signal. We then compared changes in expression after shifts in diet with those in normally developing queens and workers. Following a shift to the worker diet, the expression of 9/14 genes was upregulated in comparison with queens. Following a shift to the queen diet, expression of only one gene changed. The honey bee responses may function together as a homeostatic mechanism buffering larvae from caste‐disrupting variation in nutrition. The different responses would be part of the canalization of both the queen and worker developmental pathways, and as such, a signature of advanced sociality.
Swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross‐reactivity to contemporary US swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an H3N2 similar to 2011–2012 H3N2v
Authors: Kitikoon Pravina , Gauger Phillip C. , Anderson Tavis K. , Culhane Marie R. , Swenson Sabrina , Loving Crystal L. , Perez Daniel R. , Vincent Amy L. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundSwine influenza A virus (IAV) reassortment with 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus has been documented, and new genotypes and subclusters of H3N2 have since expanded in the US swine population. An H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus with the H1N1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of swine triple reassortant H3N2 caused outbreaks at agricultural fairs in 2011–2012.MethodsTo assess commercial swine IAV vaccines' efficacy against H3N2 viruses, including those similar to H3N2v, antisera to three vaccines were tested by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay against contemporary H3N2. Vaccine 1, with high HI cross‐reactivity, was further investigated for efficacy against H3N2 virus infection in pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA). In addition, efficacy of a vaccine derived from whole inactivated virus (WIV) was compared with live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) against H3N2.ResultsHemagglutinin inhibition cross‐reactivity demonstrated that contemporary swine H3N2 viruses have drifted from viruses in current swine IAV vaccines. The vaccine with the highest level of HI cross‐reactivity significantly protected pigs without MDA. However, the presence of MDA at vaccination blocked vaccine efficacy. The performance of WIV and LAIV was comparable in the absence of MDA.ConclusionsSwine IAV in the United States is complex and dynamic. Vaccination to minimize virus shedding can help limit transmission of virus among pigs and people. However, vaccines must be updated. A critical review of the use of WIV in sows is required in the context of the current IAV ecology and vaccine application in pigs with MDA.