bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride accumulation in macrophages upregulates paraoxonase 2 (PON2) expression via ROS‐mediated JNK/c‐Jun signaling pathway activation
Authors: Rosenblat Mira , Volkova Nina , Paland Nicole , Aviram Michael 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect and mechanism of action of macrophage triglyceride accumulation on cellular PON2 expression. Incubation of J774A.1 (murine macrophages) with VLDL (0–75 μg protein/mL) significantly and dose‐dependently increased cellular triglyceride mass, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, by up to 3.3‐ or 1.8‐fold, respectively. PON2 expression (mRNA, protein, activity) in cells treated with VLDL (50 μg protein/mL) was higher by 2‐ to 3‐fold, as compared with control cells. Similar effects were noted upon using THP‐1 (human macrophages). Incubation of macrophages with synthetic triglyceride or triglyceride fraction from carotid lesion resulted in similar effects, as shown for VLDL. Upon using specific inhibitors of MEK1/2 (UO126, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), or JNK (SP600125, 20 μM), we demonstrated that MEK, as well as JNK, but not p38, are involved in VLDL‐induced macrophage PON2 upregulation. VLDL activated JNK (but not ERK), which resulted in c‐Jun phosphorylation. This signaling pathway is probably activated by ROS, since the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), significantly decreased VLDL‐induced macrophage ROS formation, c‐Jun phosphorylation and PON2 overexpression. We conclude that macrophage triglyceride accumulation upregulates PON2 expression via MEK/ JNK/c‐Jun pathway, and these effects could be related, at least in part, to cellular triglycerides‐induced ROS formation. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Values, Life Events, and Health: A Study in a Finnish Rural Community
Authors: Sortheix Florencia M. , Olakivi Antero , Helkama Klaus 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe relationships between individual values (Schwartz, 1992), life events, and psychological symptoms were analyzed in a general population sample from a Finnish rural community. The design was a cross‐sectional survey. Data were gathered in 1993 (n = 174) and 2007 (n = 226). We investigated whether personal values would predict the number of life events. Results showed that openness to change values was positively and conservation values, negatively related to life events (those over which the individual had certain degree of control, e.g. getting a new job) in 1993. As expected, an increase in the importance of conservation values from 1993 to 2007 weakened the association between values and life events so that in 2007, only stimulation values were related to events. Although no consistent direct relations were found between single values and symptoms, we found that the higher the value congruence between individual and group values, the fewer the reported symptoms, for both time points. This research provided evidence suggesting that life events are also related to one's personal value priorities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Platinum Incorporation on the Energetics and Oxygen Chemisorption Properties of the Ni(1 1 1) Surface
Authors: Sümer Aslıhan , Aksoylu A. Erhan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe changes resulting from platinum substitution and Pt–Ni surface alloy formation in the energetic, structural, and electronical properties of the Ni(1 1 1) surface and the following decrease in the strength of oxygen chemisorption are investigated by DFT computations. Platinum substitution decreases both the total energy and the tensile stress of the Ni(1 1 1) surface. The decrease in the surface stress leads to a decrease in the degree of electron transfer from the surface nickel atoms to oxygen adatoms and, as a consequence, to a weakened oxygen chemisorption stability on the surface. The overall results confirm that Pt–Ni surface alloys have lower oxygen affinity and a larger tendency to stay in the metallic form compared to monometallic nickel, and this is one of the reasons of increased catalytic activity and enhanced stability of Pt–Ni bimetallic catalysts in oxidative steam reforming, especially at low reaction temperatures.
Diiminic Schiff Bases: An Intriguing Class of Compounds for a Copper‐Nanoparticle‐Induced Fluorescence Study
Authors: Ganguly Mainak , Pal Anjali , Negishi Yuichi , Pal Tarasankar 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe condensation products of salicylaldehyde and different diamines constitute an important class of diiminic Schiff bases (DSBs). This class of compounds has been rediscovered as reducing as well as capping agents under UV irradiation. UV irradiation of alkaline DSB solutions in the presence of water‐soluble copper salts has been employed to produce copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Intriguing CuNP‐stimulated fluorescence behavior of the solution has been observed. Depending upon the nature of the spacer in between two iminic bonds, fluorescence enhancement or quenching is observed. Such surprising fluorescence contrast has been ascribed to far‐field radiation and lossy surface waves.
Controlling Nucleation and Crystal Growth of a Distinct Polyoxovanadate Cluster: An In Situ Energy Dispersive X‐ray Diffraction Study under Solvothermal Conditions
Authors: Antonova Elena , Seidlhofer Beatrix , Wang Jing , Hinz Michael , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe formation of the antimonato polyoxovanadates [V14Sb8(C6H15N3)4O42(H2O)]⋅4H2O (1), (C6H17N3)2[V15Sb6(C6H15N3)2O42(H2O)]⋅ 2.5H2O (2), {C6H15N3}4[V16Sb4O42] 2H2O (3) (C6H15N3=1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine, AEP) has been studied under solvothermal conditions by using in situ energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDRXD). The syntheses were performed with an identical ratio for Sb2O3 and NH4VO3. If the reactions slurries are not stirred during the solvothermal reaction and by applying 70–75 % amine concentration, the products contain all three compounds, whereas 3 is observed at 80 %. Under stirring conditions, variation of the concentration of AEP led to crystallization of the three different compounds at distinct concentrations, that is, 1 is formed at 75 %, 1 and 2 between 75 and 80 % and 3 at 80 %. At an amine concentration of 77.5 %, first reflections of 2 occurred and at later stages, compound 1 started to crystallize. The sample with the lowest number of VIV species was formed at the lowest amine concentration, whereas crystallization of 3 required the highest concentration. The formation of the compounds occurred without crystalline intermediates and/or precursors. With increasing reaction temperature, the incubation time was significantly reduced.
Reactions with Oleum under Harsh Conditions: Characterization of the Unique [M(S2O7)3]2− Ions (M=Si, Ge, Sn) in A2[M(S2O7)3] (A=NH4, Ag)
Authors: Logemann Christian , Gunzelmann Daniel , Klüner Thorsten , Senker Jürgen , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe reactions of group 14 tetrachlorides MCl4 (M=Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO3) at elevated temperatures lead to the unique complex ions [M(S2O7)3]2−, which show the central M atoms in coordination with three chelating S2O72− groups. The mean distances MO within the anions increase from 175.6(2)–177.5(2) pm (M=Si) to 186.4(4)–187.7(4) pm (M=Ge) to 201.9(2)–203.5(2) pm (M=Sn). These distances are reproduced well by DFT calculations. The same calculations show an increasing positive charge for the central M atom in the row Si, Ge, Sn, which can be interpreted as the decreasing covalency of the MO bonds. For the silicon compound (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], 29Si solid‐state NMR measurements have been performed, with the results showing a signal at −215.5 ppm for (NH4)2[Si(S2O7)3], which is in very good agreement with theoretical estimations. In addition, the vibrational modes within the [MO6] skeleton have been monitored by Raman spectroscopy for selected examples, and are well reproduced by theory. The charge balance for the [M(S2O7)3]2− ions is achieved by monovalent A+ counter ions (A=NH4, Ag), which are implemented in the syntheses in the form of their sulfates. The sizes of the A+ ions, that is, their coordination requirements, cause the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, although the complex [M(S2O7)3]2− ions remain essentially unaffected with the different A+ ions. Furthermore, the nature of the A+ ions influences the thermal behavior of the compounds, which has been monitored for selected examples by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and XRD measurements.
Antiferromagnetic Interactions in 1D Heisenberg Linear Chains of 7‐(4‐Fluorophenyl) and 7‐Phenyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐ 1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl Radicals
Authors: Constantinides Christos P. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. , Rawson Jeremy M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract7‐(4‐Fluorophenyl) and 7‐phenyl‐substituted 1,3‐diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐benzotriazin‐4‐yl radicals were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies. The radicals pack in 1D π stacks of equally spaced slipped radicals with interplanar distances of 3.59 and 3.67 Å and longitudinal angles of 40.97 and 43.47°, respectively. Magnetic‐susceptibility studies showed that both radicals exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions. Fitting the magnetic data revealed that the behavior is consistent with 1D regular linear antiferromagnetic chain with J=−12.9 cm−1, zJ′=−0.4 cm−1, g=2.0069 and J=−11.8 cm−1, zJ′=−6.5 cm−1, g=2.0071, respectively. Magnetic‐exchange interactions in benzotriazinyl radicals are sensitive to the degree of slippage, and inter‐radical separation and subtle changes in structure alter the fine balance between ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Stable Synthetic Bacteriochlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Role of Dicyano Peripheral Groups, Central Metal Substitution (2H, Zn, Pd), and Cremophor EL Delivery
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ying , Balasubramanian Thiagarajan , Yang Eunkyung , Luo Dianzhong , Diers James R. , Bocian David F. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Holten Dewey , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of four stable synthetic bacteriochlorins was tested in vitro in HeLa cells for their potential in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The parent bacteriochlorin (BC), dicyano derivative (NC)2BC and corresponding zinc chelate (NC)2BC–Zn and palladium chelate (NC)2BC–Pd were studied. Direct dilution of a solution of bacteriochlorin in an organic solvent (N,N‐dimethylacetamide) into serum‐containing medium was compared with the dilution of bacteriochlorin in Cremophor EL (CrEL; polyoxyethylene glycerol triricinoleate) micelles into the same medium. CrEL generally reduced aggregation (as indicated by absorption and fluorescence) and increased activity up to tenfold (depending on bacteriochlorin), although it decreased cellular uptake. The order of PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells after 24 h incubation and illumination with 10 J cm−2 of near‐infrared (NIR) light is (NC)2BC–Pd (LD50=25 nM) > (NC)2BC > (NC)2BC–Zn ≈ BC. Subcellular localization was determined to be in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes, depending on the bacteriochlorin. (NC)2BC–Pd showed PDT‐mediated damage to mitochondria and lysosomes, and the greatest production of hydroxyl radicals as determined using a hydroxyphenylfluorescein probe. The incorporation of cyano substituents provides an excellent motif for the enhancement of the photoactivity and photostability of bacteriochlorins as PDT photosensitizers.
Bone density testing among prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Morgans Alicia K. , Smith Matthew R. , O'Malley A. James , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND.Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for ≥ 1 year.METHODS.Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with local/regional prostate cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 who were followed through 2009 and who received ≥ 1 year of continuous ADT. Bone density testing was documented in the 18‐month period beginning 6 months before ADT initiation. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with bone density testing.RESULTS.Among men who received ≥ 1 year of ADT, 10.2% had a bone density assessment from 6 months before starting ADT through 1 year after. Bone density testing increased over time (14.5% of men who initiated ADT in 2007‐2008 vs 6% of men who initiated ADT in 2001‐2002; odds ratio for 2007‐2008 vs 2001‐2002, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.83‐2.85). Less bone density testing was observed among men aged ≥ 85 years versus men ages 66 to 69 years (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65‐0.89), among black men versus white men (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61‐0.86), and among men in areas with lower educational attainment (P < .001). Men who visited a medical oncologist and/or a primary care provider in addition to a urologist had higher odds of testing than men who only consulted a urologist (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS.Few men who received ADT for prostate cancer underwent bone density testing, particularly older men, black men, and those living in areas with low educational attainment. Visiting a medical oncologist was associated with increased odds of testing. Interventions are needed to increase bone density testing among men who receive long‐term ADT.Data on bone density testing for nonmilitary populations of prostate cancer survivors in the United States who have received long‐term androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) have not been published. The current analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data suggests that few prostate cancer survivors who receive long‐term ADT undergo bone density testing; and several key populations, including African Americans and older men, have considerably lower rates of bone density screening. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 randomized study of enzastaurin (LY317615) for lung cancer prevention in former smokers
Authors: Gray Jhanelle E. , Altiok Soner , Alexandrow Mark G. , Walsh Frank W. , Chen Jian , Schell Michael J. , Tai Datchen Fritz , Bepler Gerold 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Chemoprevention for lung cancer with nutraceutical or anti‐inflammatory agents has had mixed clinical benefit. Novel targeted agents hold the promise of greater efficacy and selectivity. The authors of this report evaluated enzastaurin, a selective protein kinase C‐β (PKC‐β) inhibitor with antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, in former smokers.METHODS:The primary objective of this study was to compare the average fraction of Ki‐67–stained cells (the Ki‐67 labeling index [LI]) in bronchial biopsy specimens that were collected before and after treatment. Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive either 6 months of daily oral enzastaurin (500 mg) or placebo. Stratification was based on morphology, history of lung cancer, and airway obstruction.RESULTS:In pretrial investigations, the rationale for PKC‐β inhibition and pathway interrogation was established in premalignant lesions and early stage lung cancer. In an intent‐to‐treat analysis, of 40 randomized participants, there was no significant difference in the pretreatment/post‐treatment change in the Ki‐67 LI between the enzastaurin group and the placebo group (P = .53). Six participants discontinued enzastaurin, including 4 participants who had adverse events, including abdominal distension, deep vein thrombosis, hyponatremia, and rash, and 2 participants who decided to discontinue. One participant in the placebo group was discontinued on the study because of noncompliance. Two participants had ≥1 serious adverse event (bradycardia, deep vein thrombosis, and hypotension).CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first chemoprevention trial with a non‐US Food and Drug Administration‐approved, oral, small‐molecule–targeted agent. Although the primary endpoint was not met, enzastaurin was tolerable for 6 months by 75% of participants, and there was a suggestion of response in a subset analysis that was restricted to those who had metaplastic or dysplastic lesions. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term survival analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA levels
Authors: Wang Wen‐Yi , Twu Chih‐Wen , Chen Hsin‐Hong , Jiang Rong‐San , Wu Ching‐Te , Liang Kai‐Li , Shih Yi‐Ting , Chen Chien‐Chih , Lin Po‐Ju , Liu Yi‐Chun , Lin Jin‐Ching 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to confirm the relation between plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA (pEBV DNA) load and treatment outcomes after long‐term follow‐up in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).METHODS: In total, 210 patients with NPC were enrolled, including 99 previously reported patients and 111 new patients. They prospectively received treatment with induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and were followed for at least 6 years. In these patients, pEBV DNA levels were measured before treatment and 1 week after treatment. The plasma viral load was correlated with treatment outcomes in the group of new patients and in the entire group.RESULTS: By using previously defined pEBV DNA cutoff values (1500 copies/mL pretreatment and 0 copies/mL post‐treatment), there was a significant correlation between the pEBV DNA value and relapse‐free survival, overall survival, and subsequent relapse rates in the new, independent patient cohort. Outcome analyses for the entire group revealed a higher relapse rate (45.6% vs 21.5% [P = .0037] or 76.7% vs 26.1% [P < .0001]), a worse relapse‐free survival rate (56.5% vs 79.3% [P < .0001] or 23.3% vs 75.6% [P < .0001]), and poorer overall survival (59.2% vs 86% [P = .0003] or 33.3% vs 79.4% [P < .0001]) in patients who had high pretreatment or persistently detectable post‐treatment pEBV DNA levels, respectively, versus their respective counterparts. Multivariate Cox analysis also confirmed these results.CONCLUSIONS: In this expanded study, the prognostic significance of pEBV DNA was confirmed using predefined cutoff values in an independent patient group, and pEBV DNA was identified as an independent prognostic marker for NPC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Properties of the ON bistratified ganglion cell in the rabbit retina
Authors: Hoshi Hideo , Tian Lian‐Ming , Massey Stephen C. , Mills Stephen L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe identity of the types of different neurons in mammalian retinae is now close to being completely known for a few mammalian species; comparison reveals strong homologies for many neurons across the order. Still, there remain some cell types rarely encountered and inadequately described, despite not being rare in relative frequency. Here we describe in detail an additional ganglion cell type in rabbit that is bistratified with dendrites in both sublaminae, yet spikes only at light onset and has no response bias to the direction of moving bars. This ON bistratified ganglion cell type is most easily distinguished by the unusual behavior of its dendritic arbors. While dendrites that arborize in sublamina b terminate at that level, those that ascend to arborize in sublamina a do not normally terminate there. Instead, when they reach the approximate radius of the dendrites in sublamina b, they dive sharply back down to ramify in sublamina b. Here they continue to course even further away from the soma at the same level as the branches wholly contained in sublamina b, thereby forming an annulus of secondary ON dendrites in sublamina b. This pattern of branching creates a bistratified dendritic field of approximately equal area in the two sublaminae initially, to which is then added an external annulus of dendrites only in sublamina b whose origin is entirely from processes descending from sublamina a. It is coupled to a population of wide‐field amacrine cells upon which the dendrites of the ganglion cell often terminate. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1497–1509, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Configurable and scalable class of high performance hardware accelerators for simultaneous DNA sequence alignment
Authors: Sebastião Nuno , Roma Nuno , Flores Paulo 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYA new class of efficient and flexible hardware accelerators for DNA local sequence alignment based on the widely used Smith–Waterman algorithm is proposed in this paper. This new class of accelerating structures exploits an innovative technique that tracks the origin coordinates of the best alignment to allow a significant reduction of the size of the dynamic programming matrix that needs to be recomputed during the subsequent traceback phase, providing a considerable reduction of the resulting time and memory requirements. The significant performance of the enhanced class of accelerators is attained by also providing support for an additional level of parallelism: the capability to concurrently align several query sequences with one or more reference sequences, according to the specific application requisites. Moreover, the accelerator class also includes specially designed processing elements that improve the resource usage when implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and easily provide several different configurations in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation. Obtained results demonstrated that speedups as high as 278 can be obtained in ASIC accelerating structures. A FPGA‐based prototyping platform, operating at a 40 times lower clock frequency and incorporating a complete alignment embedded system, still provides significant speedups as high as 27, compared with a pure software implementation.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocontrolled Phase Transitions and Reflection Behaviors of Smectic Liquid Crystals by a Chiral Azobenzene
Authors: Guan Jingjing , Zhang Mingzhi , Li Birong , Yang Huai , Wang Guojie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe photocontrolled phase transitions and reflection behaviors of a smectic liquid crystal, 4‐octyl‐4′‐cyanobiphenyl (8CB), tuned by a chiral azobenzene, are systematically investigated. For the smectic 8CB doped with the chiral azobenzene (1R)‐(−)‐4‐n‐hexyl‐4′‐menthylazobenzene (ABE), the initial smectic phase can be switched to cholesteric and then to isotropic upon UV irradiation due to the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of ABE; however, no reflection band is observed. For the smectic 8CB doped with ABE and the chiral agent (S)‐(−)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diol (BN), a reflection band located in the short‐wavelength infrared region is observed, which disappears after further UV irradiation. For the smectic 8CB doped with ABE and a chiral agent with higher helical twisting power, (S)‐2,2′‐methylendioxy‐1,1′‐binaphthalene (DBN), a phototunable system with cholesteric pitch short enough to reflect visible light is demonstrated. With a given concentration of the chiral dopant DBN, a reversible reflection color transition is realized tuned by the isomerization of azobenzene. The reverse phase transition from isotropic to cholesteric and then to smectic can be recovered upon visible irradiation. The photocontrolled phase transitions in smectic liquid crystals and the corresponding changes in reflection band switched by photoisomerization of azobenzene may provide impetus for their practical application in optical memories, displays, and switches.