bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 2
Authors: Burkinshaw Stephen M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTemperature dependent equilibrium dye adsorption data reported forChlorazol Fast Scarlet 8B, Durazol Red 2BandChrysophenine Gon cotton, CV and CUP fibres andDurazol Grey RGon cotton and CV fibres in the presence of a constant amount of added inorganic electrolyte between 60°C and 90°C, as well asChrysophenine Gon cellophane sheet in the presence of varying amounts of added inorganic electrolyte, between 60°C and 97.5°C, was re‐evaluated using the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation. The results obtained suggest that the plasticisation model of dye diffusion appears to offer a reasonable explanation of the temperature dependent equilibrium adsorption of direct dyes on cellulosic fibres/polymers.
Preference changes and index number theory
Authors: Le Thu Huyen , Yu Kam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe economic approach to the cost of living index assumes that consumer preferences remain constant over time. This assumption poses little risk in calculating a short‐run intertemporal bilateral price index. The assumption, however, breaks down in the case of a fixed‐based time series index spanning a long period and in the context of international comparison. The economic analysis of preference changes, however, is not well‐established. In this paper, we review the economic approach in index numbers under preference changes. Suggestions are made on how to approach the problem and their implications for the measurement of price and quantity indices.
Plant species and associated root nutritional traits influence soil dominant bacteria in coastal wetlands across China
Authors: Li Jing , Cui Lijuan , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Wang Juntao , Wang Shaokun , Wang Rumiao , Zhu Yinuo , Li Wei , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Climate and edaphic properties drive the biogeographic distribution of dominant soil microbial phylotypes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of plant species and their root nutritional traits on microbial distribution in coastal wetlands remains unclear.

Here, we investigated the nutritional traits of 100 halophyte root samples and the bacterial communities in the corresponding soil samples from coastal wetlands across eastern China. This study spans 22° of latitude, covering over 2500 km from north to south.

We found that 1% of soil bacterial phylotypes accounted for nearly 30% of the soil bacterial community abundance, suggesting that a few bacterial phylotypes dominated the coastal wetlands. These dominated phylotypes could be grouped into three ecological clusters as per their preference over climatic (temperature and precipitation), edaphic (soil carbon and nitrogen), and plant factors (halophyte vegetation, root carbon, and nitrogen). We further provide novel evidence that plant root nutritional traits, especially root C and N, can strongly influence the distribution of these ecological clusters.

Taken together, our study provides solid evidence of revealing the dominance of specific bacterial phylotypes and the complex interactions with their environment, highlighting the importance of plant root nutritional traits on biogeographic distribution of soil microbiome in coastal wetland ecosystems.
Spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas reveals gene regulatory patterns during the organogenesis of the rapid growing bamboo shoots
Authors: Guo Jing , Luo Dan , Chen Yamao , Li Fengjiao , Gong Jiajia , Yu Fen , Zhang Wengen , Qi Ji , Guo Chunce 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Bamboo with its remarkable growth rate and economic significance, offers an ideal system to investigate the molecular basis of organogenesis in rapidly growing plants, particular in monocots, where gene regulatory networks governing the maintenance and differentiation of shoot apical and intercalary meristems remain a subject of controversy.

We employed both spatial and single‐nucleus transcriptome sequencing on 10× platform to precisely dissect the gene functions in various tissues and early developmental stages of bamboo shoots. Our comprehensive analysis reveals distinct cell trajectories during shoot development, uncovering critical genes and pathways involved in procambium differentiation, intercalary meristem formation, and vascular tissue development.

Spatial and temporal expression patterns of key regulatory genes, particularly those related to hormone signaling and lipid metabolism, strongly support the hypothesis that intercalary meristem origin from surrounded parenchyma cells. Specific gene expressions in intercalary meristem exhibit regular and dispersed distribution pattern, offering clues for understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms that drive the rapid growth of bamboo shoots.

The single‐nucleus and spatial transcriptome analysis reveal a comprehensive landscape of gene activity, enhancing the understanding of the molecular architecture of organogenesis and providing valuable resources for future genomic and genetic studies relying on identities of specific cell types.
Life criticism and De Quincey's ethical concern over the aestheticiability of murder
Authors: Duan Yingjie , Tian Junwu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe self‐reflexive tendency in De Quincey's seemingly Kantian aestheticization of murder allows some leeway in deciphering his underlying ethical concerns. As “On the knocking at the gate in Macbeth” shows, De Quincey engages in a special kind of life writing that can be termed “life criticism,” which is not naively referential but revelatory, translating the autobiographical records of memories, experiences, and emotions into mediatory possibilities for argumentative assessments of literary and aesthetic questions. James Wood's critiques function as a compelling touchstone of De Quincey's life criticism, exhibiting how self‐referential episodes, as both the starting and end points for literary criticism, can be incorporated into serious and illuminating theoretical interrogations. Through the new prism of De Quincey's habitual mode of life criticism, his aesthetics of murder can be interpreted as a meta‐reflection upon his literary experiences with Westmorland Gazette and Blackwood's Magazine. His awareness of the facile aestheticiability of murder in the periodical press has an obvious moral implication: it shows his self‐reflexive concern over the commercialized public taste that makes him torn between insisting upon classical highbrow culture and contributing sensational magazine reading matter.
Immunocytochemical evaluation of aquaporins and cell wall components and their influence on foliar water uptake in Andean Melastomataceae
Authors: Boanares D. , Posada‐Herrera J. M. , Bragança G. P. P. , Arriola I. A. , Caldeira C. F. , da Costa L. E. N. , Gastauer M. , França M. G. C. , Isaias R. M. d. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Andean ecosystems are characterized by high humidity, mainly from rain and fog events. Because of differences in altitude two Andean ecosystems – sub‐Andean forest and Páramo –face different environmental pressures that affect leaf anatomy and cell wall composition and, consequently, species foliar water uptake (FWU) capacity.
Here, FWU capacity of eight species in the Melastomataceae was evaluated and found to be related to proportions of cell wall components and aquaporins in the two ecosystems. Cellulose was labelled with Calcofluor white, and aquaporin and pectins were labelled with monoclonal antibodies.
There were differences in plant FWU capacity in both ecosystems, with higher FWU capacity in sub‐Andean forest species than in Páramo forest species. Cell wall components were positively related to FWU, with increased FWU related to pectin and aquaporin content of the plasma membrane.
Differences in water availability in the two analysed environments led to differences in FWU capacity that are associated with leaf anatomical traits and cell wall composition. In these two environments, plants with similar traits are selected to respond to given environmental pressures. Traits that favour FWU in sub‐Andean forest species may lead to further advances of these species in this environments.
Development of a biomarker‐based platform for comprehensive skin characterization using minimally invasive skin sampling and quantitative real‐time PCR
Authors: Kim Seo Hyeong , Kim Ji Hye , Choi Yoon Mi , Seo Su Min , Jang Eun Young , Lee Sung Jae , Zhang Hyun‐Soo , Roh Yunho , Jung Yeon Woo , Park Chang Ook , Jeong Do Hyeon , Lee Kwang Hoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundClassifying diverse skin types is crucial for promoting skin health. However, efficiently identifying and analyzing relevant biomarkers from a vast array of available genetic data is challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a precise and efficient platform for analyzing specific skin biomarkers using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) with the minimal invasive skin sampling method (MISSM).Materials and methodsMISSM was used for RNA extraction from skin samples, followed by qRT‐PCR analysis to quantify the expression of 20 biomarkers associated with skin characteristics (four biomarkers each for five skin characteristics). Noninvasive measurements from 299 Korean participants were utilized to correlate biomarker expression with skin parameters. Statistical analyses were conducted between biomarker expression levels and noninvasive skin measurements to select the relatively best‐performing biomarker for each skin characteristic.ResultsCollagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) and moesin (MSN) were identified as skin aging biomarkers. Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) were identified as skin dryness biomarkers, whereas melan‐A (MLANA) was selected as a biomarker for understanding pigmentation dynamics. Myelin protein zero like 3 (MPZL3) and high mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) were identified as markers of oily skin and skin sensitivity, respectively. Statistically significant correlations were found between the biomarker expression levels and noninvasive skin characteristic measurements.ConclusionThis study successfully developed a platform for the precise evaluation of individual skin characteristics using MISSM and qRT‐PCR biomarker analysis. By selecting biomarkers that correlate with noninvasive measurements of skin characteristics, we demonstrated the platform's efficacy in assessing diverse skin conditions.
Structural determinants in the miRNA/miRNA* duplex and the DCL1 PAZ domain for precise and efficient plant miRNA processing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Feng 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYThe accessory proteins Hyponastic‐like 1 (HYL1) and Serrated (SE) enhance the precise and efficient processing of miRNAs by Dicer‐like 1 (DCL1), which is important for proper miRNA function. However, other factors determining the precision and efficiency of miRNA biogenesis are not well‐known. Here, we found that an asymmetric bulge (AB) at the 3′ end of miR‐5p (produced from the 5′ arm of the pre‐miRNA) reduced the precision of the second cleavage, whereas an AB at other sites of miR‐5p mainly affected the accumulation level of miR‐5p in transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. In contrast, many ABs in miR‐3p (produced from the 3′ arm of the pre‐miRNA) impose strong negative impact on the processing precision and the accumulation level of miR‐5p in N. benthamiana. Arabidopsis DCL1/SE/HYL1 complex‐mediated miRNA processing was reconstituted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to further investigate AB‐mediated interference with DCL1 processing. With this system, the positional effect of AB on miRNA processing was tested. The results showed that ABs on the middle of miR‐5p have less of an impact on DCL1 cleavage efficiency and precision, whereas those on miR‐3p or near the ends of miR‐5p strongly reduce DCL1 cleavage activity, precision or both. Studies using the yeast miRNA processing system and transgenic Arabidopsis also revealed the importance of the interaction between the 2‐nt 3′ overhang of pre‐miRNA and the 3′ overhang binding pocket (3′BP) on the precision of the second cleavage reaction for many endogenous miRNAs. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of miRNA biogenesis.
Therapeutic efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma in four golden retrievers with acute otitis externa
Authors: Bakır Alanur , Nett‐Mettler Claudia Susanne , Ulutas Bulent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new therapeutic tool used to treat various skin diseases in humans and animals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of CAP in the treatment of canine acute otitis externa (AOE).AnimalsFour client‐owned golden retriever dogs with bilateral AOE.Methods and MaterialsAfter cleaning with a commercial ear cleanser, right ears (STANDARD group) were treated with an antibiotic/antifungal/corticosteroid combination and left ears (CAP group) were treated with CAP every three days for a total of four treatments. Cytological score and otitis index score (OTIS)3 were recorded for each ear on Day (D)0, D10 and D15. At D10 and D15, owners and investigators recorded an overall assessment.ResultsIn both groups, OTIS3 and cytological score decreased over the study period. The overall assessment scale ranged from moderate to excellent in both groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCold atmospheric plasma treatment showed equal therapeutic effect compared with a commercial topical anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial ear treatment.
Cardiac sympathetic neurons are additional cells affected in genetically determined arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Vanaja Induja Perumal , Scalco Arianna , Ronfini Marco , Bona Anna Di , Olianti Camilla , Rizzo Stefania , Chelko Stephen P. , Corrado Domenico , Sacconi Leonardo , Basso Cristina , Mongillo Marco , Zaglia Tania 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a familial cardiac disease, mainly caused by mutations in desmosomal genes, which accounts for most cases of stress‐related arrhythmic sudden death, in young and athletes. AC hearts display fibro‐fatty lesions that generate the arrhythmic substrate and cause contractile dysfunction. A correlation between physical/emotional stresses and arrhythmias supports the involvement of sympathetic neurons (SNs) in the disease, but this has not been confirmed previously. Here, we combined molecular, in vitro and ex vivo analyses to determine the role of AC‐linked DSG2 downregulation on SN biology and assess cardiac sympathetic innervation in desmoglein‐2 mutant (Dsg2mut/mut) mice. Molecular assays showed that SNs express DSG2, implying that DSG2‐mutation carriers would harbour the mutant protein in SNs. Confocal immunofluorescence of heart sections and 3‐D reconstruction of SN network in clarified heart blocks revealed significant changes in the physiologialc SN topology, with massive hyperinnervation of the intact subepicardial layers and heterogeneous distribution of neurons in fibrotic areas. Cardiac SNs isolated from Dsg2mut/mut neonatal mice, prior to the establishment of cardiac innervation, show alterations in axonal sprouting, process development and distribution of varicosities. Consistently, virus‐assisted DSG2 downregulation replicated, in PC12‐derived SNs, the phenotypic alterations displayed by Dsg2mut/mut primary neurons, corroborating that AC‐linked Dsg2 variants may affect SNs. Our results reveal that altered sympathetic innervation is an unrecognized feature of AC hearts, which may result from the combination of cell‐autonomous and context‐dependent factors implicated in myocardial remodelling. Our results favour the concept that AC is a disease of multiple cell types also hitting cardiac SNs.
imageKey points
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a genetically determined cardiac disease, which accounts for most cases of stress‐related arrhythmic sudden death.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy linked to mutations in desmoglein‐2 (DSG2) is frequent and leads to a left‐dominant form of the disease.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has been approached thus far as a disease of cardiomyocytes, but we here unveil that DSG2 is expressed, in addition to cardiomyocytes, by cardiac and extracardiac sympathetic neurons, although not organized into desmosomes.
AC‐linked DSG2 downregulation primarily affect sympathetic neurons, resulting in the significant increase in cardiac innervation density, accompanied by alterations in sympathetic neuron distribution.
Our data supports the notion that AC develops with the contribution of several ‘desmosomal protein‐carrying’ cell types and systems.
Training for Elite Team-Pursuit Track Cyclists—Part I: A Profile of General Training Characteristics
Authors: Stadnyk Antony M.J. , Stanley Jamie , Decker Tim , Slattery Katie M. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To profile the training characteristics of an elite team pursuit cycling squad and assess variations in training intensity and load accumulation across the 36-week period prior to a world-record performance at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Methods: Training data of 5 male track endurance cyclists (mean [SD]; age 21.9 [3.52] y; 4.4 [0.16] W·kg−1 at anaerobic threshold; 6.2 [0.28] W·kg−1 maximal oxygen uptake 68.7 [2.99] mL kg·min−1) were analyzed with weekly total training volume and heart rate, power output, and torque intensity distributions calculated with reference to their 3:49.804 min:s.ms performance requirements for a 4-km team pursuit. Results: Athletes completed 543 (37) h−1 of training across 436 (16) sessions. On-bike activities accounted for 69.9% of all training sessions, with participants cycling 11,246 (1139) km−1 in the training period of interest, whereas 12.7% of sessions involved gym/strength training. A pyramidal intensity distribution was evident with over 65% and 70% of training, respectively, performed at low-intensity zone heart rate and power output, whereas 5.3% and 7.7% of training was performed above anaerobic threshold. The athletes accumulated 4.4% of total training volume at, or above, their world-record team pursuit lead position torque (55 N·m). Conclusions: These data provide updated and novel insight to the power and torque demands and load accumulation contributing to world-record team pursuit performance. Although the observed pyramidal intensity distribution is common in endurance sports, the lack of shift toward a polarized intensity distribution during taper and competition peaking differs from previous research.
External Training Loads and Soft-Tissue Injury Occurrence During Congested Versus Noncongested Periods in Football
Authors: Barreira Paulo , Vaz João R. , Ferreira Ruben , Araújo João Pedro , Tavares Francisco 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To analyze the influence of congested and noncongested fixture periods during 2 seasons in a professional male football team on soft-tissue injury incidence and external load. Methods: Thirty-three professional football players from a Portuguese Liga I team participated in this study. Weekly external load and soft-tissue injury rate and burden of 2 consecutive seasons (2021–22 and 2022–23) were analyzed. Results: Total soft-tissue injury rate and burden for the 2 seasons were 3.9 and 3.2 injuries per 1000 hours and 71.8 and 60.5 days per 1000 hours for congested and noncongested periods, respectively. No significant differences were observed between congested and noncongested periods. Total high-speed running, sprint distance, distance above 80% and 90% of maximal velocity, and meters accelerating and decelerating above 2 m/s2 were significantly higher for noncongested weeks. Match accelerations and decelerations above 3 m/s2 were higher during congested periods and training during noncongested periods. No differences between the 2 periods were observed for the total number of accelerations and decelerations above 3 m/s2. Overall, physical outputs per week were higher for training during noncongested weeks, whereas matches during congested periods registered higher external load. Conclusions: No effect of a congested schedule was observed on soft-tissue injury rates and injury burden. Higher match exposure during congested periods increased external load performed per week, and during noncongested periods, training load was superior to congested weeks.
Concurrent
Ascaris
infection modulates host immunity resulting in impaired control of
Salmonella
infection in pigs
Authors: Midha Ankur , Oser Larissa , Schlosser-Brandenburg Josephine , Laubschat Alexandra , Mugo Robert M. , Musimbi Zaneta D. , Höfler Philipp , Kundik Arkadi , Hayani Rima , Adjah Joshua , Groenhagen Saskia , Tieke Malte , Elizalde-Velázquez Luis E. , Kühl Anja A. , Klopfleisch Robert , Tedin Karsten , Rausch Sebastian , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Ascaris
is one of the most widespread helminth infections, leading to chronic morbidity in humans and considerable economic losses in pig farming. In addition, pigs are an important reservoir for the zoonotic salmonellosis
,
where pigs can serve as asymptomatic carriers. Here, we investigated the impact of an ongoing
Ascaris
infection on the immune response to
Salmonella
in pigs. We observed higher bacterial burdens in experimentally coinfected pigs compared to pigs infected with
Salmonella
alone. The impaired control of
Salmonella
in the coinfected pigs was associated with repressed interferon gamma responses in the small intestine and with the alternative activation of gut macrophages evident in elevated CD206 expression.
Ascaris
single and coinfection were associated with a rise of CD4
-
CD8α
+
FoxP3
+
Treg in the lymph nodes draining the small intestine and liver. In addition, macrophages from coinfected pigs showed enhanced susceptibility to
Salmonella
infection
in vitro
and the
Salmonella-
induced monocytosis and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by myeloid cells was repressed in pigs coinfected with
Ascaris
. Hence, our data indicate that acute
Ascaris
infection modulates different immune effector functions with important consequences for the control of tissue-invasive coinfecting pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

In experimentally infected pigs, we show that an ongoing infection with the parasitic worm
Ascaris suum
modulates host immunity, and coinfected pigs have higher
Salmonella
burdens compared to pigs infected with
Salmonella
alone. Both infections are widespread in pig production and the prevalence of
Salmonella
is high in endemic regions of human Ascariasis, indicating that this is a clinically meaningful coinfection. We observed the type 2/regulatory immune response to be induced during an
Ascaris
infection correlates with increased susceptibility of pigs to the concurrent bacterial infection.