bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of bilateral distal femoral Salter‐Harris type I fractures in a juvenile southern hairy‐nosed wombat
Authors: Anderson Gail I , Boardman Wayne Stuart John , Davies Sarah , McEwen Mary Margaret 
Published: January 2015

We report a case of a 13‐month‐old 7.5 kg male hand‐raised orphaned southern hairy‐nosed wombat that presented with progressive hindlimb lameness and reluctance to move. Radiographs revealed bilateral distal femoral Salter‐Harris fractures with caudal displacement of the epiphyseal fragments. His hip radiographs exhibited some changes in his femoral capital epiphyses suggestive of epiphyseal dysplasia. Surgical correction of the position of the distal femoral epiphyses was performed bilaterally and their corrected position maintained using crossed Kirschner wires. He exhibited steady recovery over four months and was rehabilitated on a wombat sanctuary where he is active and apparently normal. We highlight this case to add to the limited resources available for this species as well as to comment on the mechanism of injury that was likely to have been forcible removal by his hindlimbs from his deceased mother's pouch.
A Brief Comment on “A Complete Self-Testing and Self-Configuring NoC Infrastructure for Cost-Effective MPSoCs” [ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 12 (2013) Article 106]
Authors: Bishnoi Rimpy , Laxmi Vijay , Gaur Manoj Singh , Flich José , Triviño Francisco 
Published: January 2015

In the Ghiribaldi et al. [2013] paper, a complete self-testing and self configuring NoC infrastructure for cost-effective MPSoCs was presented in order to make NoC architecture tolerant to faults. To overcome the complexity involved during the complete reconfiguration of routing instances in the face of most of the usual failure patterns, Ghiribaldi et al. [2013] proposed a fast self-reconfiguration algorithm. The algorithm is based on segment-based routing implemented using Logic-Based Distributed Routing (LBDR) and claimed to have handled the most common NoC faults.
The purpose of this comment is to demonstrate the inconsistency of the fast self-configuration method presented in Ghiribaldi et al. [2013]. To handle inconsistency, we present the correct set of LBDR bits and also argue that complete reconfiguration of the routing instance is mandatory to handle some fault combinations. New coverage results of the fast self-reconfiguration algorithm of Ghiribaldi et al. [2013] are also presented.
A light-weight compression method for Java card technology
Authors: Zilli Massimiliano , Raschke Wolfgang , Weiss Reinhold , Steger Christian , Loinig Johannes 
Published: January 2015

Java Card is a Java running environment tailored for smart cards. In such small systems, resources are limited, and keeping application size as small as possible is a first order issue. Dictionary compression is a promising technique taken into consideration by several authors. The main drawback of this technique is a degradation in the execution speed.
In this paper we propose combining the dictionary compression with another compression technique based on the folding mechanism; the latter is less effective in terms of space savings, but has the advantage of speeding up the execution. A combination of the two techniques leads to higher space savings with a very low decrease in execution time compared with the plain dictionary compression.
MicroRNA-22 Suppresses DNA Repair and Promotes Genomic Instability through Targeting of MDC1
Authors: Lee Jung-Hee , Park Seon-Joo , Jeong Seo-Yeon , Kim Min-Ji , Jun Semo , Lee Hyun-Seo , Chang In-Youb , Lim Sung-Chul , Yoon Sang Pil , Yong Jeongsik , You Ho Jin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
MDC1 is critical component of the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery and orchestrates the ensuring assembly of the DDR protein at the DNA damage sites, and therefore loss of MDC1 results in genomic instability and tumorigenicity. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling MDC1 expression are currently unknown. Here, we show that miR-22 inhibits MDC1 translation via direct binding to its 3′ untranslated region, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and genomic instability. We demonstrated that activated Akt1 and senescence hinder DDR function of MDC1 by upregulating endogenous miR-22. After overexpression of constitutively active Akt1, homologous recombination was inhibited by miR-22–mediated MDC1 repression. In addition, during replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence, MDC1 was downregulated by upregulating miR-22 and thereby accumulating DNA damage. Our results demonstrate a central role of miR-22 in the physiologic regulation of MDC1-dependent DDR and suggest a molecular mechanism for how aberrant Akt1 activation and senescence lead to increased genomic instability, fostering an environment that promotes tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1298–310. ©2015 AACR.
Accuracy of Self-Reported Nevus and Pigmentation Phenotype Compared with Clinical Assessment in a Population-Based Study of Young Australian Adults
Authors: Cust Anne E. , Pickles Kristen M. , Goumas Chris , Vu Thao , Schmid Helen , Nagore Eduardo , Kelly John , Aitken Joanne F. , Giles Graham G. , Hopper John L. , Jenkins Mark A. , Mann Graham J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background: Awareness of individual risk may encourage improved prevention and early detection of melanoma.
Methods: We evaluated the accuracy of self-reported pigmentation and nevus phenotype compared with clinical assessment, and examined agreement between nevus counts from selected anatomical regions. The sample included 456 cases with invasive cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between ages 18 to 39 years and 538 controls from the population-based Australian Melanoma Family Study. Participants completed a questionnaire about their pigmentation and nevus phenotype, and attended a dermatologic skin examination.
Results: There was strong agreement between self-reported and clinical assessment of eye color [κ, = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74–0.81]; and moderate agreement for hair color (κ = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.42–0.50). Agreement between self-reported skin color and spectrophotometer-derived measurements was poor (κ = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.08–0.16) to moderate (Spearman correlation rs = −0.37; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.42). Participants tended to underestimate their nevus counts and pigmentation; men were more likely to underreport their skin color. The rs was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.38–0.49) comparing clinical total body nevus counts with self-reported nevus categories. There was good agreement between total body nevus counts and site-specific nevus counts, particularly on both arms.
Conclusions: Young adults have suboptimal accuracy when assessing important risk characteristics including nevus numbers and pigmentation. Measuring nevus count on the arms is a good predictor of full body nevus count.
Impact: These results have implications for the likely success of targeted public health programs that rely on self-assessment of these factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(4); 736–43. ©2015 AACR.
The Type of Injury Dictates the Mode of Repair in Neonatal and Adult Heart
Authors: Konfino Tal , Landa Natalie , Ben‐Mordechai Tammy , Leor Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

Background
The neonatal heart possesses the unique power to regenerate in response to resection of the left ventricular apex. We sought to determine whether the type of injury affects the mode of repair and regeneration.

Methods and Results
Apical resection, or permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, was induced in neonatal 1‐day‐old mice. Echocardiography was used to confirm and monitor cardiac injury and remodeling. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the resected and infarcted neonatal hearts revealed inflammation and granulation tissue formation. From day 3, early regeneration was identified at the injured sites and was characterized by dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes around the injured areas. The young cardiomyocytes infiltrated the granulation tissue and replaced it with a new myocardium. The ability of neonatal cardiomyocytes to proliferate was confirmed in neonatal heart organ cultures. Notably, myocardial infarction in neonatal mouse produced incomplete regeneration with a residual small infarct and, sometimes, aneurysm at 28 days after myocardial infarction. We then repeated the same experiments in the adult heart. Remarkably, myocardial infarction in the adult mouse heart produced a typical thin scar, whereas apical resection revealed an abnormal, epicardial, hemorrhagic scar 21 days after injury.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the type of injury, resection, or infarction affects the mode of repair in both neonatal and adult mouse hearts. Identifying the differences in the mechanisms or repair of these 2 types of injuries could help to develop novel regenerative therapies relevant to human patients.
On three new species of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Northeast Thailand
Authors: SAVATENALINTON SUKONTHIP 
Published: January 2015

Three new species of non-marine ostracods, Strandesia martensi n. sp., Strandesia pholpunthini n. sp. and Oncocypris rostrata n. sp., are here described from the Northeastern part of Thailand. Strandesia martensi n. sp. is similar to Strandesia perakensis Victor & Fernando, 1981 and to Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010. It can be distinguished from these two species by the presence of a large dorsal hump on both valves, large anterior overlapping, the general shape of valve, the ornamentation of valve surface and the markedly long proximal seta of caudal ramus. The main distinguishing characters of Strandesia pholpunthini n. sp. are the compression on the right valve at the posterior extremity and the fact that left valve overlaps right valve anteriorly, while right valve overlaps left valve posteriorly. This results in unequal anterior and posterior extremities, which can be seen clearly in the dorsal view. Oncocypris rostrata n. sp. is the first record of this genus in Thailand. It obviously differs from others in the beak-like anterior extremity in dorsal view, the valve structure in interior view, the valve ornamentation comprising of large pustules and large pits and the morphology of male reproductive organ, especially the first segment of the right prehensile-palp bearing a long apical spine and a large protrusion on the distal margin toward the second segment. A note on morphology, chorology and a key to the species of Oncocypris are given.
A Case Study of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer Evolution on a Slope at the Foot of a Desert Mountain
Authors: Lehner Manuela , Whiteman C. David , Hoch Sebastian W. , Jensen Derek , Pardyjak Eric R. , Leo Laura S. , Di Sabatino Silvana , Fernando Harindra J. S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObservations were taken on an east-facing sidewall at the foot of a desert mountain that borders a large valley, as part of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) field program at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. A case study of nocturnal boundary layer development is presented for a night in mid-May when tethered-balloon measurements were taken to supplement other MATERHORN field measurements. The boundary layer development over the slope could be divided into three distinct phases during this night: 1) The evening transition from daytime upslope/up-valley winds to nighttime downslope winds was governed by the propagation of the shadow front. Because of the combination of complex topography at the site and the solar angle at this time of year, the shadow moved down the sidewall from approximately northwest to southeast, with the flow transition closely following the shadow front. 2) The flow transition was followed by a 3–4-h period of almost steady-state boundary layer conditions, with a shallow slope-parallel surface inversion and a pronounced downslope flow with a jet maximum located within the surface-based inversion. The shallow slope boundary layer was very sensitive to ambient flows, resulting in several small disturbances. 3) After approximately 2300 mountain standard time, the inversion that had formed over the adjacent valley repeatedly sloshed up the mountain sidewall, disturbing local downslope flows and causing rapid temperature drops.
Diagnosing Neglected Soil Moisture Source–Sink Processes via a Thermal Infrared–Based Two-Source Energy Balance Model
Authors: Hain Christopher R. , Crow Wade T. , Anderson Martha C. , Yilmaz M. Tugrul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn recent years, increased attention has been paid to the role of previously neglected water source (e.g., irrigation, direct groundwater extraction, and inland water bodies) and sink (e.g., tile drainage) processes on the surface energy balance. However, efforts to parameterize these processes within land surface models (LSMs) have generally been hampered by a lack of appropriate observational tools for directly observing the impact(s) of such processes on surface energy fluxes. One potential strategy for quantifying these impacts are direct comparisons between bottom-up surface energy flux predictions from a one-dimensional, free-drainage LSM with top-down energy flux estimates derived via thermal infrared remote sensing. The neglect of water source (and/or sink) processes in the bottom-up LSM can be potentially diagnosed through the presence of systematic energy flux biases relative to the top-down remote sensing retrieval. Based on this concept, the authors introduce the Atmosphere–Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) Source–Sink for Evapotranspiration (ASSET) index derived from comparisons between ALEXI remote sensing latent heat flux retrievals and comparable estimates obtained from the Noah LSM, version 3.2. Comparisons between ASSET index values and known spatial variations of groundwater depth, irrigation extent, inland water bodies, and tile drainage density within the contiguous United States verify the ability of ASSET to identify regions where neglected soil water source–sink processes may be impacting modeled surface energy fluxes. Consequently, ASSET appears to provide valuable information for ongoing efforts to improve the parameterization of new water source–sink processes within modern LSMs.
Geometric Decomposition of Eddy Feedbacks in Barotropic Systems
Authors: Waterman Stephanie , Lilly Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn oceanic and atmospheric flows, the eddy vorticity flux divergence—denoted “F” herein—emerges as a key dynamical quantity, capturing the average effect of fluctuations on the time-mean circulation. For a barotropic system, F is derived from the horizontal velocity covariance matrix, which itself can be represented geometrically in terms of the so-called variance ellipse. This study proves that F may be decomposed into two different components, with distinct geometric interpretations. The first arises from variations in variance ellipse orientation, and the second arises from variations in the kinetic energy of the anisotropic part of the velocity fluctuations, which can be seen as a function of variance ellipse size and shape. Application of the divergence theorem shows that F integrated over a closed region is explained entirely by separate variations in these two quantities around the region periphery. A further decomposition into four terms shows that only four specific spatial patterns of ellipse variability can give rise to a nonzero eddy vorticity flux divergence. The geometric decomposition offers a new tool for the study of eddy–mean flow interactions, as is illustrated with application to an unstable eastward jet on a beta plane.
Projected Changes in Greater St. Louis Summer Heat Stress in NARCCAP Simulations
Authors: Steinweg Claire , Gutowski William J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA matrix of four GCM–RCM combinations from the NARCCAP project is examined for changes in heat stress between contemporary and future scenario climates in the greater St. Louis region in Missouri. The analysis also compares the contemporary simulations with observation-based results from the North American Regional Reanalysis. The character of heat-stress days in one of the RCMs, the CRCM, tends to be like that of heat-stress days in the North American Regional Reanalysis, with high temperatures accompanied by high humidity. In contrast, heat-stress days in the other RCM, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Grell-Devenyi Cumulus Scheme (WRFG), have high temperature, but typically the humidity is similar to or even slightly drier than climatological values.Although specific magnitudes of change differ between the simulations, all show a marked increase in projected heat stress, from a variety of perspectives. Increases in temperature contribute more to these increases than do increases in humidity, though both are relevant. All simulations agree that the frequency of excessive heat advisories and excessive heat warnings as defined by the National Weather Service could increase by midcentury, with multiple excessive heat advisories occurring every year. The day of first heat stress each summer could occur 3–4 weeks earlier as part of a more prolonged period when the region might experience heat stress each year. Although St. Louis has adopted measures to reduce health threats during heat-stress events, the measures consume human and economic resources; much more frequent and longer-lasting heat-stress events in the future have the potential to impose substantial costs on the region.
Narrow‐Band Imaging of Laryngeal Images and Endoscopically Proven Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Wang Wen‐Hung , Tsai Kai‐Yu 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the difference between white light (WL) and narrow‐band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in evaluating patients who had reflux laryngitis and esophagitis.Study DesignRetrospective review of medical records and endoscopic images.SettingOutpatient clinic.Subjects and MethodsThere were 102 consecutive patients with reflux esophagitis (mean age, 48 ± 11 years) who had office‐based transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) with WL and NBI views, including 60 men (59%) and 42 women (41%). We compared WL and NBI endoscopy in observing the laryngeal and esophageal epithelium. The nasopharynx, base of the tongue, epiglottis, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach were examined, and all procedures were digitally recorded. All patients were evaluated with WL and NBI views to determine the reflux finding score (RFS) in the larynx and Los Angeles (LA) classification grade in the esophagus.ResultsThe NBI views were more sensitive than the WL views in the erythema/hyperemia, vocal cord edema, and global RFS scores. The NBI view facilitated the identification of the erythema/hyperemia change representing dilation or proliferation of microvessels caused by epithelial inflammation. The global RFS score was significantly associated with severity of LA grade only with the NBI view.ConclusionThe endoscopic findings with the NBI view permit an easier identification of the RFS parameters of laryngeal erythema/vocal cord edema, which have a stronger correlation with the severity of reflux esophagitis, than the WL view. The importance of NBI in the evaluation of reflux laryngitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease deserves further study.
A Standardized Lingual Tonsil Grading System
Authors: Friedman Michael , Yalamanchali Sreeya , Gorelick Gleb , Joseph Ninos J. , Hwang Michelle S. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveComparisons among studies involving the tongue base are limited by lack of a universal system for grading lingual tonsils. The authors propose a new standardized clinical grading system for lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH). Validation was assessed via an interexaminer agreement study.Study DesignKappa interrater agreement study.SettingTertiary academic center.Subjects and MethodsVideo assessment: The proposed grading system consists of a 0‐to‐4 scale: 0 = complete absence of lymphoid tissue; 1 = lymphoid tissue scattered over tongue base; 2 = lymphoid tissue covering entirety of tongue base with limited vertical thickness; 3 = significantly raised lymphoid tissue covering entirety of the tongue base, approximately 5 to 10 mm in thickness; 4 = lymphoid tissue rising above the tip of the epiglottis, ≥1 cm in thickness. The vertical height of the tonsils is a clinical approximate. A teaching video demonstrated identification of this grading system. Fourteen trained otolaryngologists graded 20 video clips of the tongue base, recorded during flexible laryngoscopy. Live assessment: A second study was performed by 2 examiners directly examining the tongue base of 23 patients using flexible laryngoscopy.ResultsVideo assessment: The overall Fleiss kappa statistic was 0.775 (P <. 0001). This denotes substantial agreement. Live assessment: The overall kappa for nominal data was 0.8665 (P <. 0001). This denotes near perfect agreement.ConclusionThe substantial interexaminer correlation demonstrated during video assessment and perfect interexaminer correlation in live assessment indicate that the proposed grading system may be a valuable and useful tool in creating a common language to describe lingual tonsils.
Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: an International Myeloma Working Group report
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Bringhen Sara , Mateos Maria-Victoria , Larocca Alessandra , Facon Thierry , Kumar Shaji K. , Offidani Massimo , McCarthy Philip , Evangelista Andrea , Lonial Sagar , Zweegman Sonja , Musto Pellegrino , Terpos Evangelos , Belch Andrew , Hajek Roman , Ludwig Heinz , Stewart A. Keith , Moreau Philippe , Anderson Kenneth , Einsele Hermann , Durie Brian G. M. , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Landgren Ola , San Miguel Jesus F. , Richardson Paul , Sonneveld Pieter , Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: January 2015

Key Points
Elderly patients with myeloma are heterogeneous and assessment strategies are needed to define the frailty profile. The proposed frailty score aims to better assess patients and provide them with more suitable therapies.