bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypointense hepatocellular nodules on hepatobiliary phase of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI: Can increasing the flip angle improve conspicuity of lesions?
Authors: Tamada Tsutomu , Ito Katsuyoshi , Yamamoto Akira , Yasokawa Kazuya , Higaki Atsushi , Kanki Akihiko , Sato Tomohiro , Tanimoto Daigo , Higashi Hiroki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare the conspicuity of hypointense hepatocellular nodules in patients with chronic liver disease on hepatobiliary phase (HP) of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired with low to high flip angles (FAs).Materials and Methods:A total of 95 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI were included. HP images were obtained at 20 minutes, with 15°, 20°, and 30° FAs. For the detected hepatocellular nodule, liver‐to‐lesion contrast‐to‐phantom ratios (CPR) and lesion conspicuity (LCS) were assessed.Results:In all examinations, 96 hepatocellular nodules showing hypointensity on HP were identified. These lesions included 39 hypovascular nodules and 57 hypervascular nodules. Mean CPR and LCS showed the highest value on the 30° FA, followed by 20° and 15° FAs. CPR and LCS of 15° FA were significantly lower than those of 20° and 30° FAs (P < 0.001 to P = 0.007). CPR of 30° FA for hypervascular nodules was significantly greater than that of 20° FA (P < 0.001).Conclusion:In the evaluation of hypointense hepatocellular nodules on HP of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, higher FA such as 30° should be used rather than low FA such as 15°. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1093–1099. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of intracranial blood flow velocities using a computer controlled vasoactive stimulus: A comparison between phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography and transcranial doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Leung Jackie , Behpour Amir , Sokol Neil , Mohanta Arun , Kassner Andrea 
Published: November 2012

Purpose:To compare measurements of blood flow velocity (BFV) and BFV changes in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) acquired from phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PCMRA) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) during controlled manipulation of end‐tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2).Materials and Methods:In vivo TCD and PCMRA velocity data from the M1 segment in the MCA of nine healthy adult volunteers were acquired during precise targeting of PetCO2 induced by a computer‐controlled gas delivery system. Doppler spectra and phase contrast data were processed into time‐averaged peak‐velocity (TAPV) values for comparison. Changes in velocity between baseline and hypercapnia were analyzed in terms of velocity‐based cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).Results:Good correlation between the pairs of velocity measurements acquired from the two modalities were found (ρ = 0.81), but Bland–Altman analysis indicates a significant bias error. There was relatively weak agreement between the pairs of computed CVR values (ρ = −0.26).Conclusion:Under precise PetCO2 control, PCMRA proves to be more consistent than TCD. Despite issues with variability, TCD is qualitatively comparable to PCMRA measures of velocity in the MCA. However, PCMRA velocity results are better suited for analyses that require quantitative values, such as CVR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:733–738. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of small chlorine‐doped potassium clusters by thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Veljković F. M. , Djustebek J. B. , Veljković M. V. , Perić‐Grujić A. A. , Veličković S. R. 
Published: November 2012

The theoretical calculations have predicted that nonmetal‐doped potassium clusters can be used in the synthesis of a new class of charge‐transfer salts which can be considered as potential building blocks for the assembly of novel nanostructured material. In this work, KnCl (n = 2–6) and KnCln−1 (n = 3 and 4) clusters were produced by vaporization of a solid potassium chloride salt in a thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The ionization energies (IEs) were measured, and found to be 3.64 ± 0.20 eV for K2Cl, 3.67 ± 0.20 eV for K3Cl, 3.62 ± 0.20 eV for K4Cl, 3.57 ± 0.20 eV for K5Cl, 3.69 ± 0.20 eV for K6Cl, 3.71 ± 0.20 eV for K3Cl2 and 3.72 ± 0.20 eV for K4Cl3. The KnCl+ (n = 3–6) clusters were detected for the first time in a cluster beam generated by the thermal ionization source of modified design. Also, this work is the first to report experimentally obtained values of IEs for KnCl+ (n = 3–6) and KnCln−1+ (n = 3 and 4) clusters.The ionization energies for KnCl+ and KnCln−1+ clusters are much lower than the 4.34 eV of the potassium atom; hence, these clusters should be classified as ‘superalkali’ species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color discrimination deficits in Parkinson's disease are related to cognitive impairment and white‐matter alterations
Authors: Bertrand Josie‐Anne , Bedetti Christophe , Postuma Ronald B. , Monchi Oury , Génier Marchand Daphné , Jubault Thomas , Gagnon Jean‐François 
Published: November 2012

AbstractColor discrimination deficit is a common nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathophysiology of this dysfunction remains poorly understood. Although retinal structure changes found in PD have been suggested to cause color discrimination deficits, the impact of cognitive impairment and cortical alterations remains to be determined. We investigated the contribution of cognitive impairment to color discrimination deficits in PD and correlated them with cortical anomalies. Sixty‐six PD patients without dementia and 20 healthy controls performed the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment for mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. In a subgroup of 26 PD patients, we also used high‐definition neuroanatomical magnetic resonance imaging for cortical thickness and diffusion tensor analysis. PD patients with mild cognitive impairment performed poorly on the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test compared with PD patients without mild cognitive impairment and controls. In PD patients, performance on the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test was correlated with measures of visuospatial abilities and executive functions. Neuroimaging analysis revealed higher mean and radial diffusivity values in right posterior white‐matter structures that correlated with poor performance on the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test. No cortical thickness correlation reached significance. This study showed that cognitive impairment makes a major contribution to the color discrimination deficits reported in PD. Thus, performance on the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test may reflect cognitive impairment more than color discrimination deficits in PD. Poor performance on the Farnsworth–Munsell 100 hue test was also associated with white‐matter alterations in right posterior brain regions. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Elektronenstrahlen — neue Wege zur Reaktionskontrolle
Authors: Swiderek Petra 
Published: November 2012

AbstractZiel der Chemie ist es, Reaktionen durch einen externen Stimulus zu kontrollieren. Dies kann bedeuten, Bindungen mit einem physikalischen Werkzeug präzise zu spalten. Noch spannender ist aber, die Verknüpfung zweier Reaktionspartner zu einem komplexeren Produkt auslösen zu können, das im Ideal einer atomeffizienten Synthese das gesamte Material der Edukte enthält.
Vielfalt mit schweren Ionen
Authors: Stöcker Horst 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHerausragende Ergebnisse am GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung waren die Herstellung sechs neuer Elemente und mehrerer hundert neuer Isotope sowie die Entwicklung einer Krebstherapie mit schweren Ionen. Eine neue Beschleunigeranlage soll ab dem Jahr 2018 die Frage nach der Entstehung der Elemente im Weltraum beantworten.
Occupational Experiences and Subjective Well‐being of Mothers of Children with ASD in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Ya‐Lin , Lo Jin‐Ling 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between mothers' daily occupational experiences of productivity, restoration and pleasure with their subjective well‐being (SWB) and with their child's developmental skills. Forty caregivers parenting young children with autism spectrum disorders served as a convenience sample in this study.Participants rated their occupational experience in a time diary for a 1‐week period and rated their SWB on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Their child's occupational performance and development were evaluated using the Pediatric Daily Occupation Scale and Chinese Child Development Inventory. Spearman rank correlations were used to examine the relationship of SWB to these maternal and child factors.Mothers' pleasure levels were associated with two SWB measures: the positive affect and Satisfaction With Life Scale. Restoration levels related to positive affect only. Productivity levels and child factors were not significantly correlated with any of the SWB measures.A larger heterogeneous sample and a longitudinal study design to explore the fluctuation and stability of occupational experiences across time are recommended to examine caregivers' adaptation and/or alterations in SWB while adapting to their child's diagnosis and special needs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Position of the conus medullaris in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Hoopmann Markus , Sonek Jiri , Schramm Thomas , Zubke Wolfgang , Dufke Andreas , Kagan Karl Oliver 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine whether reduced conus distance (CD) measurement may be a marker for impaired growth of the fetal trunk in fetuses with certain types of skeletal dysplasia.MethodsTwo hundred fifty‐four normal cases and 24 pregnancies with skeletal dysplasia were included. The fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were subdivided into two groups based on the specific diagnosis: skeletal dysplasias with a short trunk and skeletal dysplasias with a normal size trunk. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of the CD measurement with the biparietal diameter. CD measurements in the two groups of fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were compared using z‐scores.ResultsIn fetuses with skeletal dysplasia and shortened trunk, the CD measurement was significantly smaller than in the normal population (mean z‐score −3.7, p < 0.0001). CD measurements in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia but a normal trunk size were similar to the normal population (mean z‐score −0.1, p = 0.997).ConclusionsShort CD is associated with certain types of skeletal dysplasia. As such, measuring the CD may be helpful in diagnosing these conditions. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What do French patients and geneticists think about prenatal and preimplantation diagnoses in Marfan syndrome?
Authors: Coron F. , Rousseau T. , Jondeau G. , Gautier E. , Binquet C. , Gouya L. , Cusin V. , Odent S. , Dulac Y. , Plauchu H. , Collignon P. , Delrue M.‐A. , Leheup B. , Joly L. , Huet F. , Thevenon J. , Mace G. , Cassini C. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Wolf J. E. , Hanna N. , Sagot P. , Boileau C. , Faivre L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesMarfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with manifestations mainly involving the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. The phenotypic variability observed in MFS makes genetic counselling difficult. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are technically feasible when a causal mutation is identified, but both raise many ethical questions in this condition. Little is known about opinions and practices in such reproductive issues in MFS. The goal of this study was to report on patients' points of view and geneticists' standard practices.MethodsTwo different questionnaires were produced.ResultsFifty geneticists filled in the questionnaire. Twenty‐two per cent thought that PND was acceptable, 72% debatable and 6% not acceptable. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis was more often reported acceptable (34% of answers). Results varied according to the physician's experience with the disease. Fifty‐four answers were collected for patients' questionnaires. Most of them (74%) were favourable to the development of prenatal testing, and believed that the choice should be given to parents. However, only a minority would opt for prenatal diagnosis for themselves.ConclusionThis study showed that the majority of patients were in favour of PND and that opinions among practitioners varied widely, but that overall, practitioners favoured a systematic multidisciplinary evaluation of the couple's request. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation and process flow of radiation sensors based on chalcogenide glasses for in situ measurement capability
Authors: Ailavajhala Mahesh , Mitkova Maria , Butt Darryl P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work we present data about electronic devices based on a planar structure; inert electrode/nanophase chalcogenide glass/inert electrode in close proximity with a source of silver (Ag) oriented laterally over the chalcogenide glass film. The conductivity of the devices changes with radiation and it can be measured by contacting the two inert electrodes. Spacing of the electrodes was chosen after an in‐depth investigation into the electric field (E‐field) and E‐field energy displacement simulations with the aid of COMSOL multi‐physics software. Simulations have been used to enlighten a specific device structure to perform in situ measurements. Bias voltages, inert electrode material and thickness of the films were used as standards for all different types of simulations while only varying the spacing and the geometries to affect the E‐fields. It has been established from the experimental results that a 1 V bias is the most appropriate for the device performance and this is the voltage used in the simulations. The key motivation for this research is to find appropriate dimensions and geometry, which do not cause a change in conduction as a direct result of the applied E‐field, but rather effectively contribute to the establishment of only the radiation induced change of the device conductivity. The process flow for the device fabrication is described and data from the device performance are presented as well. The radiation induced Ag doping is mapped in the device volume using electron dispersion X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reaction wheel fault tolerant control for spacecraft attitude stabilization with finite‐time convergence
Authors: Hu Qinglei , Huo Xing , Xiao Bing 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe problem of fault tolerant attitude stabilization with finite‐time convergence is investigated for spacecraft with redundant actuators. On the basis of the sliding mode control technique, a robust controller is derived with uncertain inertia parameters, actuator faults, and external disturbances explicitly addressed. It is shown that finite‐time reachability into the small neighborhood of sliding surface, and faster time convergence of attitude orientation are achieved. To address actuator input constraints, an adaptive fault tolerant controller is further proposed. One feature of the proposed strategy is that the design of the fault tolerant control does not require any fault detection and isolation mechanism to detect, separate, and identify actuator faults. The attitude stabilization performance using the controller is evaluated through a numerical example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INVERTEBRATE AND FISH ASSEMBLAGE RELATIONS TO DISSOLVED OXYGEN MINIMA IN LOWLAND STREAMS OF SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA
Authors: Justus B. G. , Mize S. V. , Wallace J. , Kroes D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in lowland streams are naturally lower than those in upland streams; however, in some regions where monitoring data are lacking, DO criteria originally established for upland streams have been applied to lowland streams. This study investigated the DO concentrations at which fish and invertebrate assemblages at 35 sites located on lowland streams in southwestern Louisiana began to demonstrate biological thresholds.Average threshold values for taxa richness, diversity and abundance metrics were 2.6 and 2.3 mg/L for the invertebrate and fish assemblages, respectively. These thresholds are approximately twice the DO concentration that some native fish species are capable of tolerating and are comparable with DO criteria that have been recently applied to some coastal streams in Louisiana and Texas. DO minima >2.5 mg/L were favoured for all but extremely tolerant taxa. Extremely tolerant taxa had respiratory adaptations that gave them a competitive advantage, and their success when DO minima were <2 mg/L could be related more to reductions in competition or predation than to DO concentration directly.DO generally had an inverse relation to the amount of agriculture in the buffer area; however, DO concentrations at sites with both low and high amounts of agriculture (including three least‐disturbed sites) declined to <2.5 mg/L. Thus, although DO fell below a concentration that was identified as an approximate biological threshold, sources of this condition were sometimes natural (allochthonous material) and had little relation to anthropogenic activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die neuen Alkalimetall‐Sulfidoferrate K9[FeIIIS4](S2)S, (K/Rb)6[FeIII2S6], Rb8[FeIII4S10] und K7[FeII/IIIS2]5
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Haas Miriam , Röhr Caroline 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of new potassium and rubidium sulfido ferrates were synthesized from iron and sulfur using elemental potassium and Rb2S as alkali element sources. The structures of all title compounds were determined by means of single‐crystal X‐ray data. Isolated ortho anions [FeIIIS4]5–, together with disulfide and sulfide anions, are the structure elements in K9[FeS4](S2)S (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 1068.58(2), b = 787.480(10), c = 2372.96(3) pm, β = 102.9670(10)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0325). The diferrates A6[FeIII2S6], among which only the sodium and the cesium salts were known so far, contain dimers of two edge‐sharing [FeS4] tetrahedra. The potassium and the monoclinic form of the rubidium compound (monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 772.50(1)/796.06(5), b = 1251.24(2)/1291.35(8), c = 1002.80(1)/1032.40(6) pm, β = 127.5260(10)/127.163(4), Z = 2, R1 = 0.0356/0.0466) crystallize with the Cs3GaSe3 structure type. The second, orthorhombic form of Rb6[FeIII2S6] is isotypic to the cesium ferrate (orthorhombic, space group Cmca, a = 1884.36(3), b = 695.660(10), c = 1296.09(2) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0220) forming the Ba3AlSb3 structure type. The rubidium ferrate Rb8[Fe4S10] crystallizes with a new structure type (triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$, a = 744.65(3), b = 851.21(3), c = 1042.77(4) pm, α = 77.990(2), β = 85.244(2) γ = 81.051(2)°, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0537). The structure exhibits novel tetrameres [Fe4S10]8– of edge‐sharing tetrahedra, which represent segments of the well‐known chain compounds A[FeS2]. K7[FeII/IIIS2]5 (monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 2790.1(3), b = 1153.74(13), c = 720.17(8) pm, β = 102.746(8)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0407) exhibits SiS2 analogous chains of edge‐sharing [FeS4] tetrahedra and contains iron in oxidation states II and III in a 2:3 ratio. This compound is an interesting “intermediate” inbetween the ferrate(III) K[FeIIIS2] and K3[FeII/IIIS2]2, with a 1:1 ratio of FeII:FeIII.
Socioeconomic Differences in Multipartner Fertility Among Norwegian Men
Authors: Lappegård Trude , Rønsen Marit 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes male fertility, with a particular focus on multipartner fertility, for cohorts born 1955 to 1984 in Norway. We find that socioeconomically disadvantaged men have the lowest chance of becoming fathers and the lowest likelihood of fathering multiple children in stable unions. Multipartner fertility, on the other hand, is positively associated with both disadvantage and advantage: higher-order birth risks with a new partner are more prevalent among men with low as well as high socioeconomic status. An intervening factor among disadvantaged men may be a higher union dissolution risk, and an elevated risk among advantaged men may be associated with their higher preferences for children and other features that make these men more attractive to women as partners and fathers of future children.
Favourable effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on glucose tolerance and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Asemi Zatollah , Tabassi Zohreh , Samimi Mansooreh , Fahiminejad Taherh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: November 2012

Although gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity, there is no consensus as to the optimal approach of nutritional management in these patients. The present study was designed to assess the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on glucose tolerance and lipid profiles of pregnant women with GDM. The present randomised controlled clinical trial was performed among thirty-four women diagnosed with GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either the control diet (n 17) or the DASH eating pattern (n 17) for 4 weeks. The control diet was designed to contain 45–55 % carbohydrates, 15–20 % protein and 25–30 % total fat. The macronutrient composition of the DASH diet was similar to the control diet; however, the DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and contained lower amounts of saturated fats, cholesterol and refined grains with a total of 2400 mg Na/d. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention to measure fasting plasma glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and lipid profiles. Participants underwent a 3 h oral glucose tolerance tests and blood samples were collected at 60, 120 and 180 min to measure plasma glucose levels. Adherence to the DASH eating pattern, compared with the control diet, resulted in improved glucose tolerance such that plasma glucose levels reduced at 60 ( − 1·86 v. − 0·45 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·02), 120 ( − 2·3 v. 0·2 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·001) and 180 min ( − 1·7 v. 0·22 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·002) after the glucose load. Decreased HbA1c levels ( − 0·2 v. 0·05 %, Pgroup= 0·001) was also seen in the DASH group compared with the control group. Mean changes for serum total ( − 0·42 v. 0·31 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·01) and LDL-cholesterol ( − 0·47 v. 0·22 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·005), TAG ( − 0·17 v. 0·34 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·01) and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio ( − 0·6 (sd 0·9) v. 0·3 (sd 0·8), Pgroup= 0·008) were significantly different between the two diets. Additionally, consumption of the DASH diet favourably influenced systolic blood pressure ( − 2·6 v. 1·7 mmHg, Pgroup= 0·001). Mean changes of fasting plasma glucose ( − 0·29 v. 0·15 mmol/l, Pgroup= 0·09) were non-significant comparing the DASH diet with the control diet. In conclusion, consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 4 weeks among pregnant women with GDM resulted in beneﬁcial effects on glucose tolerance and lipid profiles compared with the control diet.