bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bottom-up limits to Newfoundland capelin (Mallotus villosus) rebuilding: the euphausiid hypothesis
Authors: Obradovich Shannon G. , Carruthers Erin H. , Rose George A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Capelin (Mallotus villosus) is the key forage fish species in the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf ecosystem. Capelin stocks collapsed in the early 1990s, concurrent with declines in “northern” Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Neither has fully recovered yet. Changes in growth, condition, and behaviour accompanied capelin declines on the northern Grand Banks (NGB), and remain two decades later. Feeding, growth, and condition of NGB capelin were all lower when compared with capelin from the eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS), where abundance increased following predator declines. For age 2–5 capelin of both sexes, all but one of five comparable age–sex groups were significantly larger on the ESS (e.g. age 3 females average 169 mm on the ESS and 151 mm on the NGB). Neither temperature nor density-dependence explain these differences. However, dietary differences were prominent. ESS capelin had higher total fullness indices (TFIs) than NGB fish at all sizes [mean TFIESS = 1.43 (± 1.14), mean TFINGB = 0.48 (± 0.70)]. Euphausiids (especially Thysanoessa spp.) were a main dietary component on the ESS but not on the NGB. Stable isotope analyses (δ15N and δ13C) for NGB capelin also indicated few dietary euphausiids. Trophic fractionation of δ 15N was 4.740/00, suggesting NGB capelin were food limited. Capelin recovery on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf appears limited by bottom-up forcing, in particular lack of euphausiid prey.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Abdominal Muscles at Rest and During the ASLR Test Among Adolescents With Scoliosis
Authors: Linek Paweł , Saulicz Edward , Kuszewski Michał , Wolny Tomasz 
Published: November 2013

Study Design:
Observational study.

Objective:
Are there deviations in the thickness of abdominal muscles at rest in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)? Are there deviations in abdominal muscular activity in people with AIS during the active straight leg raise (ASLR) test?

Summary of Background Data:
Ultrasound imaging can be used to assess the lateral abdominal muscle. Some authors suggest that scoliosis develops through a weakness or improper functioning of the abdominal muscles that cannot provide adequate support to the spinal segments. However, the literature lacks studies on the functioning of the abdominal muscles in individuals with spinal deviations. This study focuses on the evaluation of the thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominalis (TrA) muscles of individuals with AIS.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-one healthy adolescents and 71 patients with AIS, all aged 10–16 years, were studied. The thickness of the muscles at rest was measured at the end of normal exhalation in millimeters. Muscular activity during the ASLR test was measured in the final position, and the standards were normalized with the thickness produced at rest. Muscular activity during the ASLR test was represented as a percentage change in the muscle thickness.

Results:
The AIS group demonstrated a smaller resting thickness of all tested muscles of both sides (P<0.01). All the muscles on the right side of the body showed higher activity in the AIS group during the ASLR test (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Patients with AIS had thinner EO, IO, and TrA at rest in the supine position. During the ASLR test, the AIS patients displayed higher activity of the EO, IO, and TrA muscles on the right side.
Memory retrieval of smoking‐related images induce greater insula activation as revealed by an fMRI‐based delayed matching to sample task
Authors: Janes Amy C. , Ross Robert S. , Farmer Stacey , Frederick Blaise B. , Nickerson Lisa D. , Lukas Scott E. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNicotine dependence is a chronic and difficult to treat disorder. While environmental stimuli associated with smoking precipitate craving and relapse, it is unknown whether smoking cues are cognitively processed differently than neutral stimuli. To evaluate working memory differences between smoking‐related and neutral stimuli, we conducted a delay‐match‐to‐sample (DMS) task concurrently with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in nicotine‐dependent participants. The DMS task evaluates brain activation during the encoding, maintenance and retrieval phases of working memory. Smoking images induced significantly more subjective craving, and greater midline cortical activation during encoding in comparison to neutral stimuli that were similar in content yet lacked a smoking component. The insula, which is involved in maintaining nicotine dependence, was active during the successful retrieval of previously viewed smoking versus neutral images. In contrast, neutral images required more prefrontal cortex‐mediated active maintenance during the maintenance period. These findings indicate that distinct brain regions are involved in the different phases of working memory for smoking‐related versus neutral images. Importantly, the results implicate the insula in the retrieval of smoking‐related stimuli, which is relevant given the insula's emerging role in addiction.
Determination of bacteria constituting ruminal fibrolytic consortia developed on orchard grass hay stem
Authors: Shinkai Takumi , Ueki Takaaki , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine the relationship between Fibrobacter succinogenes and other rumen bacteria, the bacterial community structure on fiber was analyzed by using two different materials. These were ruminally incubated orchard grass hay stems without and with preincubation with F. succinogenes (natural and artificial consortia, respectively). The natural consortium mainly consisted of Firmicutes (56.6%) and Bacteroidetes (33.1%), while the artificial consortium showed a significantly higher proportion of Firmicutes (85.5%) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (4.6%). At species or genus level, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, the U2 group, Ruminococcus albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis made up a higher proportion in the artificial consortium. The most dominant bacterial group was the Butyrivibrio‐Pseudobutyrivibrio‐Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis group, which accounted for 19.7% in the natural and 29.5% in the artificial consortium. Within the genus Butyrivibrio, the phylogenetic groups SA and VA2 and phylogeny‐undefined Butyribivrio, but not VA1, were detected at high frequency in the artificial consortium. These results suggest that ecological and possibly functional relationships exist in the rumen among F. succinogenes, a subset of B. fibrisolvens, the U2 group, R. albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis.
Changes in salivary and plasma cortisol levels inPurebredArabian horses during race training session
Authors: Kędzierski Witold , Cywińska Anna , Strzelec Katarzyna , Kowalik Sylwester 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhysical activity and stress both cause an increase in cortisol release ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of saliva samples for the determination of cortisol concentrations indicating the work‐load level in horses during race training. TwelvePurebredArabian horses aged 3–5 years were studied during the routine training session. After the warm‐up, the horses galloped on the 800 m sand track at a speed of 12.8 m/s. Three saliva samples, and three blood samples were collected from each horse. Both types of samples were taken at rest, immediately after return from the track and after 30 min restitution. The concentrations of blood lactic acid (LA), and cortisol in saliva and plasma samples were measured and analyzed. BloodLA, plasma and salivary cortisol levels increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.05). Salivary cortisol concentration determined 30 min after the exercise correlated significantly with plasma cortisol level obtained immediately after exercise (P < 0.05) as well as measured 30 min after the end of exercise (P < 0.05). The determination of cortisol concentration in saliva samples taken from racehorses 30 min after the end of exercise can be recommended to use in field conditions to estimate the work‐load in racehorses.
Estimation of beef marbling in the Longissimus muscle with computer image analysis of ultrasonic pictures of the Iliocostalis muscle area
Authors: Nade Toshihiro , Kataoka Yuya , Hoshi Kazuhiro , Maeda Ikuo , Saito Kunihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigated an objective method for estimating beef marbling using ultrasonic images of the Iliocostalis muscle and the Lomgissimus muscle area sections. Thirty‐one Japanese Black cattle steers were used in this study. The end of the left side shoulder blade bone was scanned using an ultrasonic device. Ultrasonic images were captured of the Longissimus muscle area and that around the Iliocostalis muscle area. Twenty items were measured in the two images using computer image analysis software. The level of beef marbling was measured according to the Beef Marbling Standard (BMS) for carcass grading, and the percentage of ether‐extractable fat content in the Longissimus muscle (EE). The difference in the gray level between the Iliocostalis muscle and intermuscular fat (X10) was used to estimate the BMS and the EE, which were highly correlated (r2 = 67.72% and 61.30%). An equation was developed using four parameters from the two ultrasonic images, which could estimate the BMS (r2 = 85.88%). This equation could also estimate the EE (r2 = 68.98%). The equations used to estimate beef marbling were based on one to four parameters that included X10. Thus, ultrasonic images of the Iliocostalis muscle area section are important for estimating beef marbling.
How do visual and auditory cues influence calf stress reactions at weaning?
Authors: Kohari Daisuke , Namikawa Sachiko , Tanaka Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effects of visual and auditory information related to cow and calf stress responses at weaning. Three weaning conditions were established with physical separation only (PS), physical and visual separation (VS), and physical, visual and auditory separation (VAS). Stress responses such as vocalization and self‐grooming, and changes of three maintenance behaviors (lying, walking and grazing) were recorded for experimental cows and calves in the respective conditions. Comparison of the data revealed that the cow responses differed slightly among groups. However, the peak frequency of vocalization was higher in the PS calves than in those of either VS or VAS. Self‐grooming frequency was significantly different in calves and was high in the order of VAS, VS and PS calves. Furthermore, the percentage of time spent lying down was greater, and that of walking was less, in VAS calves than in either VS or PS calves. These results demonstrate that different information at weaning might strongly affect the stress responses of calves but not those of cows. Relative impacts of different types sensory information on stressors must be considered to plan animal‐friendly weaning.
Effects of dietary lysine/protein ratio and fat levels on growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Yamamoto Fumika , Toyoshi Masanari , Irie Masakazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine/protein ratio and fat levels on the growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs fed feed made from food waste, including noodles and chocolate. Four dietary treatments, 2 levels of lysine/protein ratio (0.035 and 0.046) and 2 levels of fat (3.3% and 6.0%), were adapted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each diet for the finishing pigs contained the same levels of adequate crude protein (16%) and lysine (0.58–0.75%), and similar levels of high total digestible nutrients (90.2–92.6%). In total, 32 LWD pigs with an average body weight of 57.2 kg were assigned to 4 dietary groups. The pigs were slaughtered at about 115 kg. Growth performance was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Carcass characteristics were slightly influenced by the dietary fat level. As the dietary lysine/protein ratio decreased, the marbling score of Longissimus dorsi muscle increased and the intramuscular fat (IMF) increased from 6.82% to 9.46%. Marbling score was not significantly influenced by the dietary fat level. These results indicate that IMF increased without adverse effects on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality, when pigs were fed a diet with low lysine/protein ratio.
Physical and nutritional properties of buffalo meat finished on hay or maize silage‐based diets
Authors: Cifuni Giulia Francesca , Contò Michela , Amici Andrea , Failla Sebastiana 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe current study examines the effect of different finishing diets (hay‐ vs. maize‐silage on meal ration) on carcass quality, physical, chemical and sensory properties, and fatty acid profiles of buffalo meat. Twenty male Italian Mediterranean buffaloes (246 ± 9.00 kg live weight) were distributed at random into two groups at the beginning of the finishing period (368 ± 20 days). The buffaloes were offered two finishing diets: a maize silage (MS) or an alfalfa hay (AH) diet. No significant differences were found between dietary treatments for live and carcass weight. Meat chemical composition was influenced by dietary treatment. A higher fat content was detected in meat from animals finished with MS than AH (P < 0.05). Overall, the data indicated differences between the fatty acid profiles of meat as a consequence of different feeding systems. The higher fat deposition in the MS group resulted in meat with a less favorable fatty acid profile (i.e. a lower polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and α‐linolenic fatty acid content) in relation to human health compared with meat from animals fed the AH diet.
Evaluation of reproductive function in women treated for bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls
Authors: Reynolds‐May Margaret F , Kenna Heather A , Marsh Wendy , Stemmle Pascale G , Wang Po , Ketter Terence A , Rasgon Natalie L 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the reproductive function of women with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls.MethodsWomen diagnosed with BD and healthy controls with no psychiatric history, aged 18–45 years, were recruited from a university clinic and surrounding community. Participants completed a baseline reproductive health questionnaire, serum hormone assessment, and ovulation tracking for three consecutive cycles using urine luteinizing hormone (LH)‐detecting strips with a confirmatory luteal‐phase serum progesterone.ResultsWomen with BD (n = 103) did not differ from controls (n = 36) in demographics, rates of menstrual abnormalities (MAs), or number of ovulation‐positive cycles. Of the women with BD, 17% reported a current MA and 39% reported a past MA. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels were higher in controls (p = 0.052 and 0.004, respectively), but there were no other differences in biochemical levels. Medication type, dose, or duration was not associated with MA or biochemical markers, although those currently taking an atypical antipsychotic agent indicated a greater rate of current or past MA (80% versus 55%, p = 0.013). In women with BD, 22% reported a period of amenorrhea associated with exercising or stress, versus 8% of controls (p = 0.064). Self‐reported rates of bulimia and anorexia nervosa were 10% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsRates of MA and biochemical levels did not significantly differ between women with BD and controls. Current atypical antipsychotic agent use was associated with a higher rate of current or past MA and should be further investigated. The incidence of stress‐induced amenorrhea should be further investigated in this population, as should the comorbid incidence of eating disorders.
Exploring the recovery concept in bipolar disorder: a decision tree analysis of psychosocial correlates of recovery stages
Authors: Tse Samson , Murray Greg , Chung Ka‐Fai , Davidson Larry , Ng King‐Lam , Yu Chong Ho 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe recovery movement has generated interest in the concept of personal recovery, but little attention has been paid to it in relation to bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to examine personal recovery in BD using a staged model, exploring whether different stages are associated with different psychosocial and clinical profiles.MethodsAdults with BD in remission (n = 75) were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Hong Kong. Their average age was 45 years, with 11% and 45% working part time and full time, respectively. The data included stages of recovery, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, and perceptions of the importance of recovery factors and the resilience‐engendering features of health services. Decision tree analysis was used to identify the predictors of stages of recovery, and receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to detect the rates of correct classification within the staged model.Results‘Respect, hope, and self‐directed empowerment’, older age, binge drinking history, early first diagnosis, and ‘meaningful role’ were all associated with being in a later stage of personal recovery. The first two variables demonstrated better classification accuracy than the last three. Using these variables, the classification accuracy of Stages 2–4 was adequate.ConclusionsThere are associations between the stage of recovery and psychosocial variables among individuals with BD in remission. Interventions that promote ‘respect, hope, and self‐directed empowerment’ have the potential to facilitate personal recovery from BD.
Prognostic value of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria clone presence in aplastic anaemia patients treated with combined immunosuppression: results of two‐centre prospective study
Authors: Kulagin Alexander , Lisukov Igor , Ivanova Maria , Golubovskaya Irina , Kruchkova Irina , Bondarenko Sergey , Vavilov Vladimir , Stancheva Natalia , Babenko Elena , Sipol Alexandra , Pronkina Natalia , Kozlov Vladimir , Afanasyev Boris 
Published: November 2013

SummaryParoxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) clones are frequently detected in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA). To evaluate the prognostic role ofPNHclone presence we conducted a prospective study in 125AApatients treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Seventy‐four patients (59%) had aPNHclone (PNH+ patients) at diagnosis, with a median clone size of 0·60% in granulocytes and 0·15% in red blood cells. The response rate at 6 months was higher inPNH+ patients than that inPNH‐ patients, both after first‐ and second‐lineIST: 68% vs. 45%,P = 0·0164 and 53% vs. 13%,P = 0·0502 respectively. Moreover, 42% ofPNH+ patients achieved complete remission compared with only 16% ofPNH‐ patients (P = 0·0029). In multivariate logistic regression analysis,PNHclone presence (odds ratio 2·56,P = 0·0180) and baseline absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) ≥30 × 109/l (odds ratio 5·19,P = 0·0011) were independent predictors of response to treatment. Stratification according toPNHpositivity andARC≥30 × 109/l showed significant distinctions for cumulative incidence of response, overall and failure‐free survival. The results of this prospective study confirmed the favourable prognostic value ofPNHclone presence in the setting ofISTforAA.
Correlations between prescription opioid analgesic dispensing levels and related mortality and morbidity in Ontario, Canada, 2005–2011
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Jones Wayne , Urbanoski Karen , Skinner Roger , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPrescription opioid analgesic (POA)‐related harms constitute a major public health problem in North America. Ontario features above‐average POA use levels in Canada and has seen consistent increases in related mortality and morbidity. Recent studies documented strong correlations between POA dispensing levels and related harm outcomes on population levels. We examined correlations between POA dispensing and key POA‐related mortality and morbidity indicators in Ontario, 2005–2011.Design and MethodsCorrelations between (i) annual dispensing levels of four strong POA formulations (fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine and oxycodone; from IMS Brogan's Compuscript converted to defined daily doses) and POA‐related mortality (based on provincial coroner's data) and (ii) annual total POA dispensing and POA‐related treatment caseload (from the Drug and Alcohol Treatment Information System) were examined for the study context.ResultsStrong and significant correlations were observed between POA dispensing and mortality for three formulations, namely hydromorphone: 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–1.00; P < 0.001], fentanyl: 0.93 (95% CI 0.58–0.99; P = 0.003) and oxycodone: 0.93 (95% CI 0.57–0.99; P = 0.003), but not morphine (−0.29; 95% CI−0.86–0.59; P = 0.523), as well as for treatment when examining congruent years [0.99 (95% CI 0.92–1.00); P < 0.001] and when using a 1‐year offset (1.00; 95% CI 0.96–1.00; P < 0.001).Discussion and ConclusionsPOA dispensing levels were found to be strongly correlated with mortality and morbidity (treatment) indicators. Targeted and sensible reductions of POA use level would likely constitute a primary measure to reduce POA‐related harms on a population level, especially in a jurisdiction with high POA consumption levels. [Fischer B, Jones W, Urbanoski K, Skinner R, Rehm J. Correlations between prescription opioid analgesic dispensing levels and related mortality and morbidity in Ontario, Canada, 2005–2011. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:19–26]
The evolving role of the orphan nuclear receptor ftz‐f1, a pair‐rule segmentation gene
Authors: Heffer Alison , Grubbs Nathaniel , Mahaffey James , Pick Leslie 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYSegmentation is a critical developmental process that occurs by different mechanisms in diverse taxa. In insects, there are three common modes of embryogenesis—short‐, intermediate‐, and long‐germ development—which differ in the number of segments specified at the blastoderm stage. While genes involved in segmentation have been extensively studied in the long‐germ insect Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), it has been found that their expression and function in segmentation in short‐ and intermediate‐germ insects often differ. Drosophila ftz‐f1 encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that functions as a maternally expressed pair‐rule segmentation gene, responsible for the formation of alternate body segments during Drosophila embryogenesis. Here we investigated the expression and function of ftz‐f1 in the short‐germ beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Tc). We found that Tc‐ftz‐f1 is expressed in stripes in Tribolium embryos. These stripes overlap alternate Tc‐Engrailed (Tc‐En) stripes, indicative of a pair‐rule expression pattern. To test whether Tc‐ftz‐f1 has pair‐rule function, we utilized embryonic RNAi, injecting double‐stranded RNA corresponding to Tc‐ftz‐f1 coding or non‐coding regions into early Tribolium embryos. Knockdown of Tc‐ftz‐f1 produced pair‐rule segmentation defects, evidenced by loss of expression of alternate En stripes. In addition, a later role for Tc‐ftz‐f1 in cuticle formation was revealed. These results identify a new pair‐rule gene in Tribolium and suggest that its role in segmentation may be shared among holometabolous insects. Interestingly, while Tc‐ftz‐f1 is expressed in pair‐rule stripes, the gene is ubiquitously expressed in Drosophila embryos. Thus, the pair‐rule function of ftz‐f1 is conserved despite differences in expression patterns of ftz‐f1 genes in different lineages. This suggests that ftz‐f1 expression changed after the divergence of lineages leading to extant beetles and flies, likely due to differences in cis‐regulatory sequences. We propose that the dependence of Dm‐Ftz‐F1 on interaction with the homeodomain protein Ftz which is expressed in stripes in Drosophila, loosened constraints on Dm‐ftz‐f1 expression, allowing for ubiquitous expression of this pair‐rule gene in Drosophila.