bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified methods of using probit analysis in consequence analysis
Authors: James Michael 
Published: June 2014

Ensuring personnel can safely shelter during a chemical release is critical. The probit function is useful in determining maximum safe sheltering time.Probits provide a link between probability of expected response and the exposure of a population to a specific event. Probit analysis can provide an estimate of the percentage of sheltered occupants with potential for adverse response to a chemical release.Probits can be used to estimate duration of exposure for probability of nuisance‐level response, loss of consciousness, or fatal exposures.Dispersion modeling tools provide data on predicted effects in response to long‐term exposure (typically 1 h). However, these tools do not define the maximum allowable exposure time for building occupants before loss of consciousness or fatalities are seen.This article provides methodology for estimating critical exposure duration. This article provides a methodology with existing MS Excel formulas in measuring probits to arrive at probability of response to a toxic release.While data on probit values for some chemicals is readily available, there is minimal guidance in the open literature on developing estimates of probit constants where they do not currently exist or are not published. This article presents a methodology for estimating probit constants based on toxicological data. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 58–63, 2015
Structural and optical properties of short peptides: nanotubes‐to‐nanofibers phase transformation
Authors: Handelman Amir , Natan Amir , Rosenman Gil 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThermally induced phase transformation in bioorganic nanotubes, which self‐assembled from two ultrashort dipeptides of different origin, aromatic diphenylalanine (FF) and aliphatic dileucine (LL), is studied. In both FF and LL nanotubes, irreversible phase transformation found at 120–180 °C is governed by linear‐to‐cyclic dipeptide molecular modification followed by formation of extended β‐sheet structure. As a result of this process, native open‐end FF and LL nanotubes are transformed into ultrathin nanofibrils. Found deep reconstructions at all levels from macroscopic (morphology) and structural space symmetry to molecular give rise to new optical properties in both aromatic FF and aliphatic LL nanofibrils and generation of blue photoluminescence (PL) emission. It is shown that observed blue PL peak is similar in these supramolecular nanofibrillar structures and is excited by the network of non‐covalent hydrogen bonds that link newly thermally induced neighboring cyclic dipeptide strands to final extended β‐sheet structure of amyloid‐like nanofibrils. The observed blue PL peak in short dipeptide nanofibrils is similar to the blue PL peak that was recently found in amyloid fibrils and can be considered as the optical signature of β‐sheet structures. Nanotubular structures were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope, ToF‐secondary ion mass spectroscopy, CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of AupAgqTer clusters via laser ablation synthesis using Au‐Ag‐Te nano‐composite as precursor: quadrupole ion‐trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Mawale Ravi Madhukar , Amato Filippo , Alberti Milan , Havel Josef 
Published: June 2014

RATIONALEMetal tellurides have applications in various fields of science and technology but only a few gold‐silver tellurides have been reported. The laser ablation synthesis (LAS) method allows the preparation of nano‐materials from solid substrates. Therefore, this method was selected to synthesise some gold‐silver tellurides.METHODSLaser desorption ionisation quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LDI QIT TOF MS) was used for the generation of new AupAgqTer clusters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterise the materials. The stoichiometry of the clusters generated was determined via collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and modeling of isotopic patterns.RESULTSChemisorption of gold and silver nano‐particles on tellurium powder led to the formation of a new kind of Au‐Ag‐Te nano‐composite. The LDI of this nano‐composite yielded nine unary (Agq, Ter), 40 binary (AupTer and AgpTer) and 78 ternary clusters. The stoichiometry of these novel AupAgqTer clusters is reported here for the first time.CONCLUSIONSThe new Au‐Ag‐Te nano‐composite was found to be a more suitable precursor for the generation of clusters than the mixtures of the elements. TOF MS was shown to be a useful technique for following the generation of gold‐silver tellurides. Knowledge of the cluster stoichiometry could accelerate the further development of novel high‐tech materials such as chalcogenide glasses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Regulatory Landscape of Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Håkelien Anne-Mari , Bryne Jan Christian , Harstad Kristine G. , Lorenz Susanne , Paulsen Jonas , Sun Jinchang , Mikkelsen Tarjei S. , Myklebost Ola , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDifferentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an integral part of bone development and homeostasis, and may when improperly regulated cause disease such as bone cancer or osteoporosis. Using unbiased high-throughput methods we here characterize the landscape of global changes in gene expression, histone modifications, and DNA methylation upon differentiation of human MSCs to the osteogenic lineage. Furthermore, we provide a first genome-wide characterization of DNA binding sites of the bone master regulatory transcription factor Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in human osteoblasts, revealing target genes associated with regulation of proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and with a significant overlap with p53 regulated genes. These findings expand on emerging evidence of a role for RUNX2 in cancer, including bone metastases, and the p53 regulatory network. We further demonstrate that RUNX2 binds to distant regulatory elements, promoters, and with high frequency to gene 3′ ends. Finally, we identify TEAD2 and GTF2I as novel regulators of osteogenesis. Stem Cells 2014;32:2780–2793
Activating Receptor NKG2D Targets RAE-1-Expressing Allogeneic Neural Precursor Cells in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Weinger Jason G. , Plaisted Warren C. , Maciejewski Sonia M. , Lanier Lewis L. , Walsh Craig M. , Lane Thomas E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransplantation of major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse neural precursor cells (NPCs) into mice persistently infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in rapid rejection that is mediated, in part, by T cells. However, the contribution of the innate immune response to allograft rejection in a model of viral-induced neurological disease has not been well defined. Herein, we demonstrate that the natural killer (NK) cell-expressing-activating receptor NKG2D participates in transplanted allogeneic NPC rejection in mice persistently infected with JHMV. Cultured NPCs derived from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice express the NKG2D ligand retinoic acid early precursor transcript (RAE)-1 but expression was dramatically reduced upon differentiation into either glia or neurons. RAE-1+ NPCs were susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing whereas RAE-1− cells were resistant to lysis. Transplantation of C57BL/6-derived NPCs into JHMV-infected BALB/c (H-2d) mice resulted in infiltration of NKG2D+CD49b+ NK cells and treatment with blocking antibody specific for NKG2D increased survival of allogeneic NPCs. Furthermore, transplantation of differentiated RAE-1− allogeneic NPCs into JHMV-infected BALB/c mice resulted in enhanced survival, highlighting a role for the NKG2D/RAE-1 signaling axis in allograft rejection. We also demonstrate that transplantation of allogeneic NPCs into JHMV-infected mice resulted in infection of the transplanted cells suggesting that these cells may be targets for infection. Viral infection of cultured cells increased RAE-1 expression, resulting in enhanced NK cell-mediated killing through NKG2D recognition. Collectively, these results show that in a viral-induced demyelination model, NK cells contribute to rejection of allogeneic NPCs through an NKG2D signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2014;32:2690–2701
B-Cell Receptor-Associated Protein 31 Regulates Human Embryonic Stem Cell Adhesion, Stemness, and Survival via Control of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
Authors: Kim Won-Tae , Seo Choi Hong , Min Lee Hyun , Jang Young-Joo , Ryu Chun Jeih 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
B-Cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) regulates the export of secreted membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the downstream secretory pathway. Previously, we generated a monoclonal antibody 297-D4 against the surface molecule on undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we found that 297-D4 antigen was localized to pluripotent hESCs and downregulated during early differentiation of hESCs and identified that the antigen target of 297-D4 was BAP31 on the hESC-surface. To investigate the functional role of BAP31 in hESCs, BAP31 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA. BAP31 depletion impaired hESC self-renewal and pluripotency and drove hESC differentiation into multicell lineages. BAP31 depletion hindered hESC proliferation by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and inducing caspase-independent cell death. Interestingly, BAP31 depletion reduced hESC adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of cell surface molecules showed decreased expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in BAP31-depleted hESCs, while ectopic expression of BAP31 elevated the expression of EpCAM. EpCAM depletion also reduced hESC adhesion to ECM, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induced cell death, producing similar effects to those of BAP31 depletion. BAP31 and EpCAM were physically associated and colocalized at the ER and cell surface. Both BAP31 and EpCAM depletion decreased cyclin D1 and E expression and suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling, suggesting that BAP31 regulates hESC stemness and survival via control of EpCAM expression. These findings provide, for the first time, mechanistic insights into how BAP31 regulates hESC stemness and survival via control of EpCAM expression. Stem Cells 2014;32:2626–2641
Increased on oxidative brain injury in the diabetic rats following sepsis
Authors: Vieira Andriele , Michels Monique , Florentino Drielly , Lauriano André Antunes , Danielski Lucineia Gainski , Fortunato Jucelia Jeremias , Barichello Tatiana , Felipe Dal‐Pizzol , Quevedo Joao , Petronilho Fabricia 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDiabetes has been the subject of recent research by increase susceptibility to infections, thus the aim of this study was to evaluate in animal model of diabetes induced by alloxan (ALX) and subjected to sepsis the parameters of oxidative stress on the brain. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by ALX (150 mg/kg), and 15 days after, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), nitrite/nitrate, oxidative damage parameters, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in the cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, prefrontal, and cortex in 6, 12, and 24 h after CLP. The results showed the potentiation of diabetes with sepsis. We verified these potentiation on MPO levels in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and prefrontal and an increase of the nitrite/nitrate concentration in the hippocampus, striatum, prefrontal, and cortex in 24 h after sepsis surgery. To oxidative damage, we verified in 6 h an increase on lipid and protein damage parameters in the striatum and hippocampus in 24 h. When we associate sepsis and diabetes, the SOD and CAT activity not were altered. Thus, diabetes associated with sepsis exacerbates brain damage resulting from inflammation and oxidative stress in brain. Synapse, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late‐Stage Formation of Carbon–Fluorine Bonds
Authors: Campbell Michael G. , Ritter Tobias 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this account, we review work from our lab on the development of methods for carbon–fluorine bond formation, with an emphasis on late‐stage fluorination of functionalized small molecules and synthesis of 18F‐labeled molecules for potential use as tracers in positron emission tomography (PET). We attempt to highlight reactions that we feel are of particular practical relevance, as well as areas of research where there is still significant room for advancement.
Sub‐lethal effects of capture and collaring on wildlife: Experimental and field evidence
Authors: Rachlow Janet L. , Peter Renee M. , Shipley Lisa A. , Johnson Timothy R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe used both experimental and observational approaches to investigate sub‐lethal effects of capture and radiocollaring on pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in Idaho and Washington during 2004–2008. We expected that attachment of collars would increase rates of grooming behaviors and alter patterns of space use. Frequency of grooming was >3 times higher following attachment of radiocollars on captive rabbits; however, the grooming rate declined rapidly and returned to within 5% of pre‐collaring levels after 7 days. Free‐ranging rabbits exhibited relatively longer distance movements immediately following and during the 2 weeks after capture and attachment of radiocollars, but those movements decreased during weeks 3–4 post‐collaring. Rabbits also shifted use areas away from capture locations. Our results suggest that: 1) rabbits became habituated to the presence of collars with respect to grooming; and 2) although, magnitude of movements following capture and collaring in the field attenuated with time, some animals continued to avoid capture areas up to 4 weeks after collaring. A better understanding of potential effects of telemetry on wildlife can help to improve the quality of data collected, design ways to mitigate the impacts on animals, and enhance the ethical conduct of wildlife research. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Large scale molecular simulations of nanotoxicity
Authors: Jimenez‐Cruz Camilo A. , Kang Seung‐gu , Zhou Ruhong 
Published: June 2014

The widespread use of nanomaterials in biomedical applications has been accompanied by an increasing interest in understanding their interactions with tissues, cells, and biomolecules, and in particular, on how they might affect the integrity of cell membranes and proteins. In this mini‐review, we present a summary of some of the recent studies on this important subject, especially from the point of view of large scale molecular simulations. The carbon‐based nanomaterials and noble metal nanoparticles are the main focus, with additional discussions on quantum dots and other nanoparticles as well. The driving forces for adsorption of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets onto proteins or cell membranes are found to be mainly hydrophobic interactions and the so‐called π–π stacking (between aromatic rings), while for the noble metal nanoparticles the long‐range electrostatic interactions play a bigger role. More interestingly, there are also growing evidences showing that nanotoxicity can have implications in de novo design of nanomedicine. For example, the endohedral metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22 is shown to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting enzyme MMP‐9, and graphene is illustrated to disrupt bacteria cell membranes by insertion/cutting as well as destructive extraction of lipid molecules. These recent findings have provided a better understanding of nanotoxicity at the molecular level and also suggested therapeutic potential by using the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles against cancer or bacteria cells. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:265–279. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1271This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Chemical Biology
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
A Group‐Subgroup Relationship Between the New Nitride Tellurides of Terbium and Dysprosium with the Composition M4N2Te3
Authors: Foltin Markus L. , Lissner Falk , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo new non‐isostructural lanthanide(III) nitride tellurides with the composition M4N2Te3 bearing terbium (Tb4N2Te3) and dysprosium (Dy4N2Te3) could be synthesized by the reaction of terbium (Tb) or dysprosium (Dy) metal with sodium azide (NaN3), tellurium (Te), iodine (I2), and sodium iodide (NaI) as flux in evacuated silica tubes for seven days at 950 °C. Tb4N2Te3 crystallizes orthorhombically in space group Pnna with the lattice parameters a = 727.14(5), b = 1164.37(8), c = 1100.93(7) pm, Vm = 140.33(2) cm3·mol–1 (Z = 4). In contrast, Dy4N2Te3 appears in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the lattice parameters a = 719.56(5), b = 1164.05(8), c = 1097.34(7) pm, β = 91.327(3)°, Vm = 138.34(2) cm3·mol–1 (Z = 4). Corresponding to the lanthanide contraction the cell parameters of Dy4N2Te3 show slightly smaller values compared to Tb4N2Te3, but the change of symmetry leads to a different crystal system. Symmetry operations related to a and c are lost according to P2/n21/n2/a → P121/n1 and the two crystallographically independent M3+ cations in Tb4N2Te3 split into four in Dy4N2Te3. Both Tb3+ cations are coordinated by six anions in first sphere plus one Te2– anion further apart for (Tb1)3+ leading to capped trigonal prisms and distorted octahedra. The four Dy3+ cations with coordination numbers of six plus one and three times six also reside in capped and uncapped distorted octahedral anionic coordination. Both crystal structures have infinite zigzag chains in 1∞{[NM$\rm^{e}_{4/2}$]3+} in common, which are formed by trans‐edge connected [NM4]9+ tetrahedra. They run along [010] and exhibit two crystallographically different N3– anions in both cases. The latter are coordinated on the one hand to two sorts of Tb3+ cations in Tb4N2Te3 and on the other hand to four sorts of Dy3+ cations in Dy4N2Te3 as major structural difference. However, both crystal structures show a clear group‐subgroup relationship.
Electric Current Circuits in Astrophysics
Authors: Kuijpers Jan , Frey Harald U. , Fletcher Lyndsay 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Cosmic magnetic structures have in common that they are anchored in a dynamo, that an external driver converts kinetic energy into internal magnetic energy, that this magnetic energy is transported as Poynting flux across the magnetically dominated structure, and that the magnetic energy is released in the form of particle acceleration, heating, bulk motion, MHD waves, and radiation. The investigation of the electric current system is particularly illuminating as to the course of events and the physics involved. We demonstrate this for the radio pulsar wind, the solar flare, and terrestrial magnetic storms.
Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activities and Heat Stability of Corn Oil Enriched with Tunisian Citrus aurantium L. Peel Extract
Authors: Jabri‐Karoui Iness , Marzouk Brahim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study was designed to examine physicochemical composition, antioxidant activities and heat stability of corn oil enriched with bitter orange peel. Volatile compounds composition of corn oil flavored with Citrus aurantium peel was investigated. Flavored oil total aroma content (2.6 mg/mg oil) was mainly represented by monoterpene hydrocarbons and limonene was the major one (2.49 mg/mg oil). Flavored oil methanolic extract was characterized by total phenol content of 1.22 mg GAE/kg. Chlorogenic, ferulic and p‐coumaric acids were the major phenolic components of the flavored oil extract (34.33, 30.24 and 19.39 %, respectively). It was also characterized by a higher chlorophylls and carotenoids contents than the refined one. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of both samples were determined using four assays: DPPH, reducing power, β‐carotene bleaching and metal chelating tests. In β‐carotene bleaching and DPPH radical scavenging assays, flavored oil methanolic extract showed higher activities than the control. It was characterized by a total antioxidant activity of 4.08 mg GAE/kg and an EC50 value of 3.14 mg/mg oil. Its concentration providing 50 % inhibition (IC50) was 0.53 mg/mg oil in the DPPH test and 4.08 mg/mg oil in the β‐carotene bleaching test. However, refined corn extract showed significantly lower antioxidant activities (p < 0.05). Results of the oxidative stability index showed bitter orange peel effectiveness against thermal oxidation based on the increased induction time observed in flavored oil (5.95).
Efficacy and acceptability of a mifepristone–misoprostol combined regimen for early induced abortion among women in Mexico City
Authors: Peña Melanie , Dzuba Ilana G. , Smith Patricio Sanhueza , Mendoza Luis Jorge Arellano , Bousiéguez Manuel , Martínez María Laura García , Polanco Ranulfo Ríos , Villalón Antonio Eduardo Flores , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the experience of women receiving mifepristone–misoprostol for early induced abortion in public sector facilities in the Federal District of Mexico City.MethodsAn open‐label prospective study was conducted with 1000 pregnant women who sought induced abortion with a pregnancy of up to 63 days of gestation, as measured from the date of their last menstrual period. The study was conducted in three public sector healthcare facilities: two secondary level hospitals and one primary care clinic. Women ingested 200 mg mifepristone on day 1, followed by 800 μg buccal misoprostol 24 hours later, and they returned for follow‐up on day 8. The primary outcome was complete abortion without recourse to surgical intervention.ResultsA total of 971 women received mifepristone–misoprostol and were included in the analysis for efficacy of treatment. The overall efficacy of the combined medical abortion regimen studied was 97.3% (n = 945); the success rate did not vary significantly by gestational age (95.9%–100%; P = 0.449). Most women (n = 922, 95.0%) had a successful induced abortion with only one dose of misoprostol.ConclusionThe combined mifepristone and buccal misoprostol regimen was found to be highly effective and acceptable among Mexican women. www.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00386282.
Can't finish what you started? The effect of climactic interruption on behavior
Authors: Kupor Daniella M. , Reich Taly , Shiv Baba 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIndividuals experience a greater frequency of interruptions than ever before. Interruptions by e‐mails, phone calls, text messages and other sources of disruption are ubiquitous. We examine the important unanswered question of whether interruptions can increase the likelihood that individuals will choose closure‐associated behaviors. Specifically, we explore the possibility that interruptions that occur during the climactic moments of a task or activity can produce a heightened need for psychological closure. When an interruption prevents individuals from achieving closure in the interrupted domain, we show that the resulting unsatisfied need for psychological closure can cause individuals to seek closure in totally unrelated domains. These findings have important implications for understanding how consumer decisions may be influenced by the dynamic—and often interrupted—course of daily events.