bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Master of Professional Studies in Agriculture and Life Sciences offered through the Field of Food Science and Technology at Cornell University: A Model for the Development of a Course‐Based Graduate Degree in Food Science and Technology
Authors: Weller Daniel , Robbins Janette , Elmore Andrea , Wiedmann Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe shortage of highly qualified graduates with advanced training in food science is a pressing problem facing government agencies and the food industry. This has created a need to recruit and train food scientists at the graduate level. However, most graduate level programs are research‐based and do not meet the needs of many students. The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell Univ. has a Master of Professional Studies Program in Agriculture and Life Sciences (MPS‐ALS), which is offered through the Field of Food Science and Technology (FFST), as an alternative to research‐based masters and doctoral degrees. Although the MPS‐ALS program began in the 1970s, the FFST did not take an active role in recruiting students or tracking alumni until 2000. From 2000 to 2013, a total of 56 students, representing an internationally and academically diverse student body, have received MPS‐ALS degrees through the FFST. In May and August 2013, alumni were asked, via e‐mail, to complete an online survey to assess the long‐term impact of the MPS‐ALS program on their career success. The results of the survey indicate that the MPS‐ALS program at Cornell Univ. is a strong program that attracts excellent candidates from a variety of undergraduate fields. Program alumni have been very successful in obtaining full‐time employment, graduate positions and internships, and are highly satisfied with the program. The MPS‐ALS offered through the FFST at Cornell Univ. is a model for the development of course‐based graduate programs that seek to increase the supply of and meet the demand for trained professionals in food science.
Development of an Augmented Reality Game to Teach Abstract Concepts in Food Chemistry
Authors: Crandall Philip G. , Engler Robert K. , Beck Dennis E. , Killian Susan A. , O'Bryan Corliss A. , Jarvis Nathan , Clausen Ed 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne of the most pressing issues for many land grant institutions is the ever increasing cost to build and operate wet chemistry laboratories. A partial solution is to develop computer‐based teaching modules that take advantage of animation, web‐based or off‐campus learning experiences directed at engaging students’ creative experiences. We used the learning objectives of one of the most difficult topics in food chemistry, enzyme kinetics, to test this concept. Students are apprehensive of this subject and often criticize the staid instructional methods typically used in teaching this material. As a result, students do not acquire a useful background in this important subject. To rectify these issues, we developed an interactive augmented reality application to teach the basic concepts of enzyme kinetics in the context of an interactive search that took students to several locations on campus where they were able to gather raw materials and view videos that taught the basics of enzyme kinetics as applied to the production of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The students needed this background to prepare for a mock interview with an HFCS manufacturer. Students and instructors alike found the game to be preferable to sitting in a classroom listening to, or giving, a PowerPoint presentation. We feel that this use of gaming technology to teach difficult, abstract concepts may be a breakthrough in food science education and help alleviate the drain on administrative budgets from multiple wet labs.
Changes in characteristics and management of Asian and Anglo‐Celts with type 2 diabetes over a 15‐year period in an urban Australian community: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Tan Eva D.D. , Davis Wendy A. , Davis Timothy M.E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine temporal changes in characteristics and management of Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with those of the majority Anglo‐Celt (AC) patients in an urban Australian community.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the observational Fremantle Diabetes Study (FDS) collected in 1993–96 (Phase I; FDS1) and 2008–11 (Phase II; FDS2) were analyzed for patients classified as Asian (n = 44 and 65 in FDS1 and FDS2, respectively) or AC (n = 796 and 793, respectively). Between‐group differences in changes in key variables between FDS phases were analyzed by generalized linear modeling with adjustment for age and gender.ResultsAsians patients were significantly younger at diagnosis and recruitment and had a lower body mass index and smaller waist circumference than the AC participants in both FDS phases. They were also less likely to be treated for hypertension. Cardiovascular risk factors and their management and macrovascular complications were similar in the two groups over time. A greater propensity to retinopathy with Asian ethnicity in FDS1 (27.3% vs 13.5%; P = 0.23) was attenuated in FDS2 (23.7% vs 19.0%; P = 0.39). Asians had a significantly lower prevalence of peripheral sensory neuropathy in FDS2 (33.8% vs 63.3%; P < 0.001; adjusted P = 0.011 for between‐group temporal change).ConclusionsThere were persistent differences between the phenotypic features of Asian migrants with T2D versus AC patients in an Australian urban community over 15 years of follow‐up, but management of diabetes and non‐glycemic risk factors remained comparable. Ethnicity‐specific differences in susceptibility to microvascular complications should be considered in clinical management.
orchard: Paternity program for autotetraploid species
Authors: Spielmann A. , Harris S. A. , Boshier D. H. , Vinson C. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdvances in molecular marker technology have provided new opportunities to study the population genetics of polyploid taxa. Paternity analysis using microsatellite markers can be used in detection of gene flow between individuals and populations, in mating system analysis, to identify factors that influence fecundity and fertility, to identify behaviour of parent–offspring relationships and in the analysis of the reproductive success of different ecological groups. As there is no specific program for carrying out paternity analysis in tetraploid species, specialized software was designed for the assignment of paternity for autotetraploid species. orchard is a novel implementation of exclusion and likelihood statistics for carrying out paternity analysis of autotetraploids. First, the program performs an exclusion method, and then, a likelihood statistic is used with nonexcluded candidate fathers. Optional features include estimation of allele dosage of known mother trees and the estimation of pollen flow distances. orchard was tested using a data set of microsatellite data of Dipteryx odorata, a tetraploid Amazonian tree species.
Male germline transmits fetal alcohol epigenetic marks for multiple generations: a review
Authors: Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlcohol exposure during fetal and early postnatal development can lead to an increased incidence of later life adult‐onset diseases. Examples include central nervous system dysfunction, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and an inability to deal with stressful situations, increased infection and cancer. Direct effects of alcohol leading to developmental abnormalities often involve epigenetic modifications of genes that regulate cellular functions. Epigenetic marks carried over from the parents are known to undergo molecular programming events that happen early in embryonic development by a wave of DNA demethylation, which leaves the embryo with a fresh genomic composition. The proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene controls neuroendocrine‐immune functions and is imprinted by fetal alcohol exposure. Recently, this gene has been shown to be hypermethylated through three generations. Additionally, the alcohol epigenetic marks on the Pomc gene are maintained in the male but not in the female germline during this transgenerational transmission. These data suggest that the male‐specific chromosome might be involved in transmitting alcohol epigenetic marks through multiple generations.
Tiunatermes mariuzani gen. nov. et sp. nov., a new nasute termite from the Brazilian savannah (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: Carrijo Tiago F , Cuezzo Carolina , Santos Rafaella G 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTiunatermes mariuzani gen. nov. and sp. nov. from the subfamily Nasutitermitinae is described based on soldiers and workers collected in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado), Jalapão region, Brazil. Digital images, scanning electron micrographs and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided. Soldiers and workers of Tiunatermes share in particular some morphological traits with the neotropical nasute termite genera Anhangatermes Constantino, but soldiers can be distinguished by a conical nasus, procoxa without a hump on the anterior surface, abdominal sclerites well sclerotized, and imbricate tergites and workers are distinguished by mandible morphology, coiling gut in situ, and cuticular armature of the gizzard and the enteric valve.
Digital health technology and trauma: development of an app to standardize care
Authors: Hsu Jeremy M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundStandardized practice results in less variation, therefore reducing errors and improving outcome. Optimal trauma care is achieved through standardization, as is evidenced by the widespread adoption of the Advanced Trauma Life Support approach. The challenge for an individual institution is how does one educate and promulgate these standardized processes widely and efficiently? In today's world, digital health technology must be considered in the process.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the process of developing an app, which includes standardized trauma algorithms. The objective of the app was to allow easy, real‐time access to trauma algorithms, and therefore reduce omissions/errors.MethodA set of trauma algorithms, relevant to the local setting, was derived from the best available evidence. After obtaining grant funding, a collaborative endeavour was undertaken with an external specialist app developing company.ResultsThe process required 6 months to translate the existing trauma algorithms into an app. The app contains 32 separate trauma algorithms, formatted as a single‐page flow diagram. It utilizes specific smartphone features such as ‘pinch to zoom’, jump‐words and pop‐ups to allow rapid access to the desired information.ConclusionImprovements in trauma care outcomes result from reducing variation. By incorporating digital health technology, a trauma app has been developed, allowing easy and intuitive access to evidenced‐based algorithms.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer in elderly women
Authors: Delotte Jérôme , Arias Tatiana , Guerin Olivier , Boulahssass Rabia , Bereder Isabelle , Bongain André , Benchimol Daniel , Bereder Jean Marc 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate the morbidity and survival associated with combined cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer for patients aged 70 years and older. We conducted a monocentric study in a French university hospital and collected data on 15 women aged ≥70 years, treated by cytoreduction and HIPEC for ovarian cancer relapse. The median overall survival was 35 months, with a median disease‐free survival of 15.6 months. When a Peritoneal Cancer Index subgroup analysis was performed, a statistically significant difference in the disease‐free survival could be observed for a Peritoneal Cancer Index ≤13 (p = 0.036). A trend towards improvement of disease‐free survival was observed when the Completeness of Cytoreductive Score was equal to 0 (p = 0.0915).
Cross‐cultural evidence of value structures and priorities in childhood
Authors: Döring Anna K. , Schwartz Shalom H. , Cieciuch Jan , Groenen Patrick J. F. , Glatzel Valentina , Harasimczuk Justyna , Janowicz Nicole , Nyagolova Maya , Scheefer E. Rebecca , Allritz Matthias , Milfont Taciano L. , Bilsky Wolfgang 
Published: January 2015

We broaden the developmental focus of the theory of universals in basic human values (Schwartz, 1992, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology) by presenting supportive evidence on children's values from six countries: Germany, Italy, Poland, Bulgaria, the United States, and New Zealand. 3,088 7–11‐year‐old children completed the Picture‐Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS‐C, Döring et al., 2010, J. Pers. Assess., 92, 439). Grade 5 children also completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz, 2003, A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. Chapter 7 in the Questionnaire Development Package of the European Social Survey). Findings reveal that the broad value structures, sex differences in value priorities and pan‐cultural value hierarchies typical of adults have already taken form at this early age. We discuss the conceptual implications of these findings for the new field of children's basic values by embedding them in the recent developmental literature.
Sunflower seeds as eliciting agents of Compositae dermatitis
Authors: Paulsen Evy , El‐Houri Rime B. , Andersen Klaus E. , Christensen Lars P. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundSunflowers may cause dermatitis because of allergenic sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). Contact sensitization to sunflower seeds has also been reported, but the allergens are unknown.ObjectivesTo analyse sunflower seeds for the presence of SLs and to assess the prevalence of sunflower sensitization in Compositae‐allergic individuals.Patients/materials/methodsSunflower‐sensitive patients were identified by aimed patch testing. A dichloromethane extract of whole sunflower seeds was analysed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe prevalence of sensitivity to sunflower in Compositae‐allergic individuals was 56%. A solvent wash of whole sunflower seeds yielded an extract containing SLs, the principal component tentatively being identified as argophyllin A or B, other SLs being present in minute amounts.ConclusionsThe concentration of SLs on the sunflower seeds is considered high enough to elicit dermatitis in sensitive persons, and it seems appropriate to warn Compositae‐allergic subjects against handling sunflower seeds.
Colorectal adenomas and diabetes: implications for disease prevention
Authors: Steele R. J. C. , Anderson A. S. , Macleod M. , Craigie A. M. , Caswell S. , Belch J. , Treweek S. ,   on behalf of the BeWEL team
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study assessed the baseline type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk status among overweight patients with screen‐detected colorectal adenomas and explored the implications of the findings for preventative practice.MethodParticipants aged between 50 and 74 years (73% of whom were men) were recruited from four Scottish health boards and assessed for diabetes risk. Participants were categorized as at ‘high’ diabetes risk if glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was between 6.0 and 6.4% or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was between 5.5 and 6.9 mmol/l and as potentially undiagnosed T2DM when HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or FPG ≥ 7 mmol/l. Secondary outcome measures included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and the plasma lipid profile. The tests were repeated at 12 months and diabetes risk categories were reassessed following intervention procedures.ResultsForty‐seven (14.3%) of the 329 participants had a preexisting diagnosis of T2DM. Of the remainder with complete biochemistry results (n = 250), 19 (7.6%) were classified as having potentially undiagnosed T2DM and 125 (50.0%) as being at high risk of developing diabetes. More than a quarter of participants in all categories had raised waist circumference, hypertension and plasma lipids, indicative of raised cardiovascular risk. At 12 months' follow‐up, the diabetes risk category diminished in 20% of the intervention group vs 11% in the controls [OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.03–4.96)].ConclusionOur results suggest that a diagnosis of adenoma in overweight patients provides a health service opportunity for diabetes assessment, prevention and management in a high‐risk population at a potentially teachable moment.
The behavioural repertoire of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in captivity: a case study for testing ethogram completeness and reducing observer effects
Authors: Bolgan Marta , O'Brien Joanne , Gammell Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the last 20 years, research has been directed towards possible differences in the mating behaviour of species belonging to the Salmonidae family that may reproductively isolate wild populations from escaped hatchery or farmed fish. Despite these studies, a detailed description of the overall behavioural repertoire of Salmonidae species from wild and farmed environments is still lacking. Furthermore, although Arctic charr has been described as the most variable between all vertebrate species, possible behavioural plasticity outside of the breeding season has not been widely investigated, and a complete ethogram for Arctic charr not in breeding condition is currently unavailable. This study presents the first complete ethogram of captive Arctic charr behaviour outside of the breeding season. The completeness of this ethogram was validated based on the Behavioural Accumulation Curves methodology, a reliable and easy to use tool for assessing the best compromise between sampling effort and ethogram completeness. Additionally, a new way of presenting an ethogram has been proposed and validated using a dichotomous key to describe behaviour types. This proved to be a more effective operational tool for identifying Arctic charr behaviour than the ethogram. The dichotomous key of behaviour led to a significantly less ambiguous identification of behavioural units, thus reducing observer, recording errors and enhancing accuracy. This study therefore represents an effective step forward to a more in‐depth and rigorous comparison of Arctic charr behavioural adaptation between and within artificial and natural settings.
Children with epilepsy and anxiety: Subcortical and cortical differences
Authors: Jones Jana E. , Jackson Daren C. , Chambers Karlee L. , Dabbs Kevin , Hsu David A. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Seidenberg Michael , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectiveUsing a hypothesis‐driven approach, subcortical and cortical regions implicated in anxiety disorders in the general population were examined in children with recent‐onset epilepsy with versus without anxiety compared to controls. This study reports frequency of anxiety disorders while examining familial, clinical, and demographic variables associated with anxiety in children with epilepsy.MethodParticipants included 88 children with epilepsy aged 8–18 years: 25 with a current anxiety disorder and 63 children with epilepsy and no current anxiety disorder. Forty‐nine controls without anxiety disorders were included. T1 volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected; subcortical volumes and cortical thickness were computed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Analyses focused on adjusted measures of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness.ResultsRelative to controls, larger left amygdala volumes were found in the Epilepsy with Anxiety group compared to the Epilepsy without Anxiety group (p = 0.027). In the hippocampus, there were no significant differences between groups. Examination of cortical thickness demonstrated that the Epilepsy with Anxiety group showed thinning in left medial orbitofrontal (p = 0.001), right lateral orbitofrontal (p = 0.017), and right frontal pole (p = 0.009). There were no differences between groups in age, sex, IQ, age of onset, medications, or duration of epilepsy. There were more family members with a history of anxiety disorders in the Epilepsy with Anxiety group compared to the Epilepsy without Anxiety group (p = 0.005).SignificanceAnxiety is a common psychiatric comorbidity in children with recent‐onset epilepsy with volumetric enlargement of the amygdala and thinner cortex in orbital and other regions of prefrontal cortex, suggesting structural abnormalities in brain regions that are part of the dysfunctional networks reported in individuals with anxiety disorders in the general population. These findings are evident early in the course of epilepsy, are not related to chronicity of seizures, and may be linked to a family history of anxiety and depressive disorders.
Haemorrhagic complications with adenotonsillectomy in children and young adults with bleeding disorders
Authors: Warad D. , Hussain F.T.N. , Rao A.N. , Cofer S.A. , Rodriguez V. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHaemorrhagic complications remain a challenge with surgical procedures in patients with bleeding disorders. In children and young adults, the most commonly performed surgeries are tonsillectomies and/or adenoidectomies. Adequate haemostasis in these patients with bleeding disorders is centred on comprehensive perioperative haemostatic support and dexterous surgical technique. The aim of this study was to assess postoperative bleeding complications with tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children and young adults with known bleeding disorders. Retrospective review of all patients aged <25 years with known bleeding disorders who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy at Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN between July 1992 and July 2012. In contrast to reported literature, we observed a higher rate of bleeding complications (10/19, 53%) despite aggressive haemostatic support and appropriate surgical techniques. Delayed bleeding (>24 h postoperatively) was more common than early bleeding; and recurrent bleeding was associated with older age. Children and young adults with haemorrhagic diatheses undergoing adenotonsillectomy are at a higher risk of delayed bleeding and require close monitoring with haemostatic support for a prolonged duration in the postoperative period. A uniform approach is needed to manage these patients perioperatively by establishing standard practice guidelines and ultimately reduce postsurgical bleeding complications.