bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The underused hip in ipsilaterally orthotics-dependent children
Authors: Sallam Asser , Ziegler Christian M. , Jansson Volkmar , Heimkes Bernhard 
Published: July 2015

Background The aim of this investigation is the development of primarily healthy hips in children who have required orthoses/protheses over the long term due to ipsilateral distally located deformities of the leg. These children show ipsilateral in-toeing gait and Duchenne's limping followed by a coxa valga antetorta and facultative hip decentration. A practical question is whether these hips are in danger of decompensation. An additional theoretical question is how the external shape and internal architecture changes if a primarily healthy hip is underused. Methods Ten children with healthy hips who are unilaterally long-term orthotics/prosthetics-dependent agreed to undergo an instrumental gait analysis. The results were analyzed and correlated with clinical findings, a common activity score and planimetric radiographic data. Results The intra-individual comparison revealed a number of significant changes in the hip of the deformed leg ( p < 0.05). Clinically, the internal rotation was increased (15° ± 4.2°), while the external rotation was diminished (13° ± 1.3°). Radiologically, the projected caput–collum–diaphyseal angle, the lesser trochanter to articular surface distance and the head–shaft angle were increased by 11.1° ± 15.4°, 5.8 ± 4.2 mm and 11.9° ± 0.6°, respectively. Both the Sharp and acetabular angles were increased, the former by 3.6° ± 0.6° and the latter by 3.2° ± 0.6°. Kinetic gait analysis showed increased stride length (6.8 ± 3.7 cm), shortened stance phase (6.6 ± 1.6 %) and reduced forces transmitted to the ground (92.2 ± 34.3 N). The kinematic analysis showed increased hip abduction (14.0° ± 8.2°), while the pelvic obliquity was not significantly changed (0.01° ± 0.01°). Conclusions Duchenne's limp and lack of weight-bearing stress are the decisive pathogenic factors of the underused coxa valga and acetabular dysplasia. These changes follow the mechanobiological concept of “function modifies design”, which means function influences external shape and internal architecture of bones and joints. As a practical consequence we recommend that one pelvic radiograph be performed as a precaution at the end of puberty of children with these conditions. Level of evidence Level II retrospective study.
Distinguishing Asthma Phenotypes Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Howard Rebecca , Rattray Magnus , Prosperi Mattia , Custovic Adnan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAsthma is not a single disease, but an umbrella term for a number of distinct diseases, each of which are caused by a distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanism. These discrete disease entities are often labelled as ‘asthma endotypes’. The discovery of different asthma subtypes has moved from subjective approaches in which putative phenotypes are assigned by experts to data-driven ones which incorporate machine learning. This review focuses on the methodological developments of one such machine learning technique—latent class analysis—and how it has contributed to distinguishing asthma and wheezing subtypes in childhood. It also gives a clinical perspective, presenting the findings of studies from the past 5 years that used this approach. The identification of true asthma endotypes may be a crucial step towards understanding their distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, which could ultimately lead to more precise prevention strategies, identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of effective personalized therapies.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Siracusa Rosalba , Paterniti Irene , Bruschetta Giuseppe , Cordaro Marika , Impellizzeri Daniela , Crupi Rosalia , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of the central nervous system (CNS) often resulting in severe functional impairment and for which there are not yet restorative therapies. In the present study, we performed a widely used model of SCI to determine the neuroprotective propriety of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and the antioxidant effect of a flavonoid luteolin (Lut), given as a co-ultramicronized compound co-ultraPEALut. In particular, by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, we investigated whether this compound (at the dose of 1 mg/kg) was able to modulate autophagy. Our results showed that treatment with co-ultraPEALut after SCI reduced the expression of proteins promoter of autophagy such as Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (MAP-LC3). In contrast, this compound decreased the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-Akt, and p-70S6K which are proteins that inhibit autophagy. These data confirmed that the protective role of co-ultraPEALut is associated with inhibition of excessive autophagy and regulation of protein degradation. Therefore, treatment with co-ultraPEALut could be considered as a possible therapeutic approach in an acute traumatic lesion like SCI.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) in Germany – current presence, allergological relevance and containment procedures
Authors: Buters Jeroen , Alberternst Beate , Nawrath Stefan , Wimmer Maria , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Starfinger Uwe , Behrendt Heidrun , Schmidt-Weber Carsten , Bergmann Karl-Christian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) is a neophyte in Europe and Germany, which originated from the United States of America. In the USA the rate of sensitization against ragweed equals that of grass pollen, and without containment the rate of allergic sensitizations against ragweed pollen will clearly increase. Currently, the most frequent sensitizations in Germany are against grass pollen, followed by sensitizations against house dust mite and birch pollen. Ragweed pollen evokes symptoms at about 10 pollen/m3, grass pollen at about 15 pollen/m3. These concentrations of ragweed pollen are only reached on limited occasions in Germany.
Ragweed cross-reacts with mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) and a correct diagnosis is only feasible with the ragweed specific allergen Amb a 1. Due to cross reactivity with mugwort, new sensitizations against ragweed pollen are not needed to evoke allergic symptoms. The neophyte encounters an already mugwort-sensitized population, extends the pollen season and may provoke new sensitizations. Ragweed sensitizations are characterized by an increased tendency to also affect the lower airways, which is less with mugwort sensitizations.
Thus containment of ragweed is needed. Ragweed seeds are imported or spread by contaminated bird feed, the transport of ragweed contaminated soil (also in tyre treads) and agricultural products from infested areas. States bordering on ragweed positive areas, like Brandenburg and Bavaria, are especially at risk and invasion is already underway. Ragweed seeds survive up to 40 years in soil, and so extended timescales for eradication and observations are needed.
Germany is, compared to other countries like France (Rhone-Valley), Italy (Po-Valley), Ukraine and Hungary, limited in respect to ragweed infestation. Conditions in Germany are therefore favourable for the containment of ragweed. Switzerland implemented legislation against birdseed contamination by ragweed early during the plants expansion, and obligatory ragweed registration- and eradication showed that ragweed containment is possible. Without counter measures ragweed expansion in Germany will take place, resulting in more allergic disease. Considering the increasing number of allergic individuals, even without ragweed invasion, containment of the neophyte should be actively persued. Unfortunately, time is running out.
Comparison of circumferential pulmonary vein anatomy mapping guided by 3D mapping versus a mesh mapping catheter
Authors: Yan Yi‐Wen , Chen Gang , Zhang Feng , Chen Song‐Wen , Meng Wei‐Dong , Liu Shao‐Wen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveCatheter‐based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The high‐density mesh mapper (HDMM) guides circumferential PV‐atrium isolation without the 3D electroanatomic mapping. This study aims to compare circumferential pulmonary vein (CPV) anatomy mapping between guiding by a 3D mapping system and the HDMM.MethodsForty‐four consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were scheduled for a first procedure for PVI. A CPV ostial anatomy map guided by HDMM was set up in the CARTO system while the operator was blinded to the CARTO screen. Then CARTO‐guided ipsilateral PV maps were obtained and PVI was performed. This established another set of CPV ostial anatomy maps. The differences between the two mapping images were compared and analyzed.ResultsAll 176 PVs in 44 patients could be mapped by both HDMM and CARTO. About 44.9% of the PV ostial anatomies were generally similar between the two different map images. The average point‐to‐point straight distance between the HDMM‐guided map and the CARTO‐guided map was 6.2 ± 1.4 mm. The area of the circumferential right PV (CRPV) in the HDMM map was larger than that in the CARTO map (P = 0.013). After a mean follow‐up of 18.3 ± 4.3 months (6–24 months), 72.7% of patients (32/44) were free of atrial arrhythmia without anti‐arrhythmic drugs (AADs).ConclusionCompared to the CARTO‐guided CPV anatomy image, a highly similar figure could be achieved by mapping guided by the HDMM. (Clinical trial.gov number, ChiCTR‐TNRC‐11001390.)
Improving the clinical detection of Lewy body dementia with the Lewy body composite risk score
Authors: Galvin James E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a challenge to diagnose, particularly outside of expert centers with long delays in diagnosis leading to significant burden to patients and caregivers. Although consensus criteria have excellent specificity, there is no standardized way to assess symptoms reducing sensitivity. We developed the Lewy body composite risk score (LBCRS) from autopsy‐verified cases to improve the ability to detect DLB in clinic and research populations.MethodsThe LBCRS was tested in a consecutive series of 256 patients compared with the clinical dementia rating and gold standard measures of cognition, motor symptoms, function, and behavior. Psychometric properties including floor and ceiling effects; concurrent, construct, and known‐groups validity; and internal consistency of the LBCRS were determined. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of LBCRS to differentiate (1) DLB from Alzheimer's disease (AD), (b) DLB from all dementia, and (c) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to DLB from MCI due to AD. The LBCRS was completed independent of the clinical evaluation.ResultsMean LBCRS scores were significantly different between DLB and AD (6.1 ± 2.0 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3, P < .001) and between MCI‐DLB versus MCI‐AD (3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8, P < .001). The LBCRS was able to discriminate DLB from other causes of dementia. Using a cutoff score of 3, areas under ROC for DLB versus AD = 0.93 (0.89–0.98) and for MCI‐DLB versus MCI‐AD = 0.96 (0.91–1.0).DiscussionThe LBCRS increases diagnostic probability that Lewy body pathology is contributing to the dementia syndrome and should improve clinical detection and enrollment for clinical trials.
Oral glucose tolerance testing to modulate plasma amyloid levels: A novel biomarker
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Marano Christopher M. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie , Lee Rebecca W. , Rissman Robert A. , Smith Gwenn S. , Craft Suzanne , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionPlasma levels of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) do not correlate well with different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cross‐sectional studies. Measuring the changes in Aβ plasma levels with an acute intervention may be more sensitive to distinguishing individuals in earlier stages of AD (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) from normal controls.MethodsA total of 57 participants (18 with AD/MCI and 39 cognitively normal controls) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Blood samples were obtained over a 2‐hour period. Changes in plasma Aβ40 and 42 levels were measured from either baseline or 5 minutes to the 10‐minute time‐point.ResultsCompared with normal controls, subjects with AD/MCI had significantly less change (Δ) in plasma levels for both Aβ40 (−3.13 [40.93] vs. 41.34 pg/mL [57.16]; P = .002) and Aβ42 (−0.15 [3.77] vs. 5.64 pg/mL [10.65]; P = .004).DiscussionOGTT combined with measures of plasma Aβ40 and 42 is potentially useful in distinguishing aging individuals who are in different stages of AD.
Do cerebrospinal fluid transfer methods affect measured amyloid β42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau in clinical practice?
Authors: Paterson Ross W. , Toombs Jamie , Chapman Miles D. , Nicholas Jennifer M. , Heslegrave Amanda J. , Slattery Catherine F. , Foulkes Alexander J.M. , Clark Camilla N. , Lane Christopher A.S. , Weston Philip S.J. , Lunn Michael P. , Fox Nick C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Schott Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurodegenerative markers are measured clinically to support a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Several preanalytical factors may alter the CSF concentrations of amyloid β 1–42 (Aβ1–42) in particular with the potential to influence diagnosis. We aimed to determine whether routine handling of samples alters measured biomarker concentration compared with that of prompt delivery to the laboratory.MethodsForty individuals with suspected neurodegenerative diseases underwent diagnostic lumbar punctures using a standardized technique. A sample of each patient's CSF was sent to the laboratory by four different delivery methods: (1) by courier at room temperature; (2) by courier, on ice; (3) using standard hospital portering; and (4) after quarantining for >24 hours. Aβ1–42, total tau (t‐tau), and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) levels measured using standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay techniques were compared between transfer methods.ResultsThere were no significant differences in Aβ1–42, t‐tau, or p‐tau concentrations measured in samples transported via the different delivery methods despite significant differences in time taken to deliver samples.DiscussionWhen CSF is collected in appropriate tubes, transferred at room temperature, and processed within 24 hours, neurodegenerative markers can be reliably determined.
Neuroanatomical localization of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the central nervous system of carp,Labeo rohitaduring post‐embryonic development
Authors: Biswas Saikat P. , Jadhao Arun G. , Bhoyar Rahul C. , Palande Nikhil V. , Sinh Dharmendra P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a chemically diffusible molecular messenger playing various roles in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the key enzyme in synthesis of NO. The neuroanatomical distribution pattern of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was studied and developing stages ofLabeo rohitasuch as hatchlings (10–15 mm), frys (15–35 mm), semi‐fingerlings (35–65 mm), fingerlings (65–100 mm) and adults (350–370 mm) were used. In the telencephalon, nitrergic cells were observed in both pallial and subpallial regions along with entopeduncular nucleus suggesting the involvement of NO in the control of sensory functions throughout the development. In the diencephalon, nNOS positive neurons were localized in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis and preopticus parvocellularis throughout development while nucleus preopticus magnocellularis was found immunopositive only in adult specimens who suggest the involvement of NO in the hormonal regulation. nNOS immunoreaction was also noted in suprachaismatic nucleus, habenula, lateral tuberal nucleus, paraventricular organ and anterior division of preglomerular nucleus throughout development. In the mesencephalic region, nNOS immunoreactivity was seen in the optic tectum, torus longitudinalis, nucleus of median longitudinal fascicle and occulomotor nucleus indicate the role of NO in integration of visual inputs and modulates motor control of the eyes and movements. Caudally, in the rhombencephalon, the cerebellum, the nucleus reticularis, the octaval nucleus and the motor nucleus of vagal nerve were nNOS positive during development. nNOS reactive cells and fibers were noted in the spinal motor column, thus suggesting a role of NO in gestation and startle response from early development.
Fever of unknown origin and liver mass in a Saudi child
Authors: Alrwuili Fawzah 
Published: July 2015

Inflammatory pseudo tumor (IPT) is a rare benign lesion that can occur in any organ in the body. IPT is histologically characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells, espe-cially, plasma cells, spindle-shaped cells, and myofibroblasts.
Many cases of IPTs affecting multiple organs in both adults and children have been docu-mented in the literature. Fifty-five cases of hepatic IPTs have been reported in children, and all of them were managed by surgical resection. Limited data are available on IPTs in Arabs.
Our aim was to report the case of an 8-year-old Saudi boy who was referred to our hospital with fever of unknown origin since 3 months with associated weight loss and a hepatic mass, and was found to have an IPT of the liver, which was confirmed after surgical resection.
8 years old Saudi boy who presented with fever and liver mass. Ultrasound and MRI abdomen showed heterogeneous liver mass. After surgical resection, his mass histology going with inflammatory pseudo tumor. Following surgical resection his fever subsided.
The findings of the present case report show that fever and liver mass in children can be manifestations of a rare disease such as IPT, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis when all investigations are inconclusive. Based on the literature review, surgical excision seems to be the best treatment strategy for this condition. However, the imaging findings, especially the size and location of the mass, must be carefully discussed with the surgical team before the operation.
Five-axis finishing tool path generation for a mesh blade based on linear morphing cone
Authors: Zhang Rong , Hu Pengcheng , Tang Kai 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Blisk is an essential component in aero engines. To maintain good aero-dynamic performance, one critical machining requirement for blades on blisk is that the generated five-axis tool path should be boundary-conformed. For a blade discretely modeled as a point cloud or mesh, most existing popular tool path generation methods are unable to meet this requirement. To address this issue, a novel five-axis tool path generation method for a discretized blade on blisk is presented in this paper. An idea called Linear Morphing Cone (LMC) is first proposed, which sets the boundary of the blade as the constraint. Based on this LMC, a CC curve generation and expansion method is then proposed with the specified machining accuracy upheld. Using the proposed tool path generation method, experiments on discretized blades are carried out, whose results show that the generated tool paths are both uniform and boundary-conformed.
Highlights Five-axis finishing tool path based on Linear Morphing Cone (LMC) is presented. The method is implemented on a mesh model. Tool path generated from the proposed method is boundary-conforming. Boundaries of the machining region can be arbitrarily assigned. Experiments are carried out on two mesh blades.
Effects of Transpersonal Brief Psychotherapy on general state of health and quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Acciari Arlete Silva , Leão Frederico Camelo , Coy Cláudio Saddy Rodrigues , Leal Raquel Franco , Dias Cristiana Corrrêa , Saldanha Vera , Ayrizono Maria de Lourdes Setsuko 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic illness with continuous and longstanding treatment, which affects general state of health and life quality of patients.
Objectives Evaluating the effects of Transpersonal Brief Psychotherapy (TBP) on general state of health and life quality of patients with CD.
Methods Eleven people diagnosed with CD of both sexes and aged between 25 and 50 years old have been evaluated. The clinical method was used and the procedure consisted of treatment with TBP and data collection before and after psychotherapy. In data collection, the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire (SDQ), Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), with descriptive analysis of results and the statistical methodology with Wilcoxon test.
Results The procedure turned out to be effective to all instruments (p < 0.05) and the most significant result was in relation to general state of health (−40.4%) and life quality (35.3%). The disease activity has decreased by 38.1% on CDAI.
Conclusion TBP has brought meaningful benefits to patients with CD, influencing the clinical picture, with reduction of the severity of the disease and, consequently, it has improved their general state of health and life quality.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with ileostomy
Authors: Fialho Andre , Fialho Andrea , Kochhar Gursimran , Shen Bo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vitamin D deficiency in IBD patients with ileostomy has not been systemically studied. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and risk factors associated with low 25(OH) D3 levels in those patients.Methods 112 eligible IBD patients with ileostomy were studied. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic variables were analyzed. Vitamin D levels before and after ileostomy were compared when available. Levels of serum 25(OH)D3 <20 ng/mL were classed as being deficient.Results 112 eligible ileostomy patients were included. The mean vitamin D level was 21.47 ± 1.08 ng/dl. Low levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/dl) were present in 92 patients (82%). Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/dL) was seen in 55 patients (49%). There was no difference between patients with or without vitamin D deficiency regarding demographic variables, medication use and duration of ileostomy. Neo-ileal inflammation on endoscopy was not associated with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.155). Lower levels of phosphorus (p = 0.020) or hemoglobin (p = 0.019) and shorter duration of IBD (p = 0.047) were found in patients with vitamin D deficiency. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of phosphorus (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.89, p = 0.009) and hemoglobin (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60, p = 0.006) remained significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in IBD patients with ileostomy and is associated with low hemoglobin levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate vitamin D supplementation as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of anemia of chronic disease in IBD patients.