bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovatives in der Proktologie
Authors: Ernst Fedor , Sterzing Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie letzten 30 Jahre waren in der Proktologie eine äußerst innovative Zeit, in der proktologische Leiden mit neuen Therapien und Methoden behandelt wurden. Allerdings mussten sich diese Innovationen einer wissenschaftlichen Evaluation stellen und konnten in einigen Fällen den Erwartungen nicht vollständig gerecht werden. Besonders die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse durch andere Anwender entsprach oft nicht den vielversprechenden Resultaten der Erstautoren. Beim Hämorrhoidalleiden wurde v.a. versucht, die schmerzhaften Folgen der klassischen Hämorrhoidektomie zu vermeiden. Diskutiert werden der anale Lift, die Laserhämorrhoidoplastie, die Radiowellentherapie und die Embolisation der Aa. haemorrhoidales.Im Kontext des Fistelleidens ist die Schonung des Sphinkterapparats von höchster Bedeutung, während gleichzeitig ein Rezidiv oder eine Persistenz der Fistel vermieden werden soll. Hier kommen innovative Methoden wie der Fistelplug, die LIFT-Technik, die Lasertherapie sowie die Stammzelltherapie zum Einsatz, die im Folgenden kritisch gewürdigt werden.Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Therapie der Stuhlinkontinenz. Leider haben sich einige vielversprechende Ansätze, wie der künstliche Darmsphinkter, das Magnetband und die Radiofrequenztherapie, als wenig erfolgreich erwiesen. Fortschritte wurden in der Behandlung HPV-bedingter Erkrankungen erzielt. Aktuelle Studien belegen die Relevanz einer HPV-bedingten Dysplasie bei der Entwicklung eines Analkarzinoms, dies unterstreicht das notwendige Screening durch die innovative HRA (High Resolution Anoskopie).Als Innovation wird auch immer wieder die Materialität der proktologischen Untersuchungsgeräte bezeichnet. Die Entwicklung zu Single-use-Geräten ist unverkennbar, begründet mit Hygiene- und Kostenaspekten. Diese Sichtweise blendet die Nachhaltigkeit sowie die Schadstoffbilanz durch Kunststoffe und in den Geräten verbaute Batterien und LEDs leider vollkommen aus.
SAA & BPR in der Praxis – hyperglykämische Entgleisung
Authors: Kuhnke Rico , Grautoff Steffen 
Published: February 2025

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAnhand eines Fallbeispiels arbeiten wir einen interessanten Einsatz Algorithmen-konform auf. Hierzu nutzen wir die Standardarbeitsanweisungen (SAA) und Behandlungspfade Rettungsdienst (BPR) der 6-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe.
Unique Surgical Challenges in Early Life Epilepsy
Authors: Perry Michael Scott , Hansen Daniel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe incidence of epilepsy is highest at the extremes of age. Drug resistance is present in approximately one-third of people with epilepsy but occurs at higher than average rates in children with seizure onset before age 3 years, owing to a variety of etiologies unique to this age group. Epilepsy surgery is an effective therapeutic option for drug-resistant epilepsy but is vastly underutilized. Epilepsy surgery in children under age 3 comes with distinct clinical challenges related to brain anatomy, evolving developmental maturation, and limitations of evaluation and surgical strategies. However, epilepsy surgery can lead to seizure freedom or significant seizure reduction in this age group. Early seizure control may have a significant positive impact on long-term cognitive development, making urgency of surgical referral of immense importance. This review highlights available evidence on the safety and efficacy of epilepsy surgery in early-life epilepsy, identifying barriers to surgical therapy, describing utilization of available evaluation and surgical strategies, and examining risks and benefits of earlier surgical consideration in this vulnerable population.
Multimodality Imaging in Wrist Fractures and Dislocations
Authors: Sharma Madhurima , Choudhury Shayeri Roy , Sinha Anindita , Prakash Mahesh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWrist fractures and dislocations are frequently encountered in the emergency department and can cause significant long-term disability. Imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation of wrist injuries, with conventional radiography being the first imaging investigation. Cross-sectional imaging is playing an increasingly important role in management of wrist injuries. Computed tomography with 3D and multiplanar reformatting capabilities is in particular useful for detailed evaluation of bony injuries and can provide vital information to orthopaedic surgeons for adequate surgical planning. In this article, we provide a brief review of the normal wrist anatomy, imaging appearance, and various patterns of fractures and dislocations commonly encountered in the emergency department.
A shift in (a)symmetry, not gravity: the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe in transatlantic relations
Authors: Grgić Gorana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The notion of a “shift of the centre of gravity” towards Europe’s East has gained traction in analyses of Russia’s war against Ukraine. This article challenges that idea and proposes alternative conceptual-analytical tools for studying contemporary transatlantic relations. It advocates for a disaggregated approach to transatlantic relations and introduces the concept of distinct types of asymmetries within these relations. By examining the evolution of US-Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) relations since the end of the Cold War, the article demonstrates a significant reduction in the observed asymmetry. The article delves into case studies from the Trump presidency to support the argument that the asymmetry in US-CEE relations during that time was already less pronounced compared to the previous post-Cold War decades. Under the Biden presidency, most of these trends have continued, particularly in light of Russia’s full-scale warfare.
Development of a 1.2 MV high voltage DC power supply with SF6 insulation for an electrostatic tandem proton accelerator in accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system
Authors: Park Chawon , Kim Minho , Jung Hyunwoo , Park Seungwoo , Hong Bong Hwan 
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development of a 1.2 MV high-voltage direct current (DC) power supply with an SF6 insulation for an electrostatic tandem proton accelerator utilized in an accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) system. BNCT offers a promising alternative to traditional radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors, head and neck cancers, and melanomas. The electrostatic tandem proton accelerator system, designed to produce H− ions and subsequently accelerate them to generate protons, represents a significant advancement in medical technology. Key milestones in the process include generating and maintaining a high-voltage DC power supply of 1.2 MV/45 mA for over 30 min, with rigorously testing conducted up to 750 kV/45 mA in ambient conditions. The system features an upgraded Cockcroft–Walton rectifier stage and incorporates a realistic load resistance, with final testing conducted in a tank filled with SF6 gas. Performance tests conducted in atmospheric and SF6 gas environments demonstrate the stable operation of the power supply up to 1.2 MV/45 mA, despite challenges such as corona discharge and electrical arcing in atmospheric environments. It demonstrates excellent long-term voltage and current stability, proving its suitability for tandem proton accelerators by reliably supplying 54 W of power to the dummy load. The developed system can enhance the effectiveness of BNCT systems by generating high-current proton beams, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
A hybrid magnetic reset design for the high voltage pulse generator based on forward circuit and magnetic superposition
Authors: Guo Jinlong , Zhao Yajun , Qi Luhao , Li Shiji , Jin Shanshan , Xu Dong , Fang Zhi 
Published: February 2025

Pulsed power technology has found widespread application in environmental governance, biomedicine, food processing, and other fields. This study proposes a pulse generator using forward topology and magnetic superposition to get high-voltage outputs. This design could adjust the pulse width in a relatively larger range by optimizing the coil structure and turns. The isolated power supply and trigger signal are not needed. The RCD (Resistor–Capacitor–Diode) and the third winding are used to reset the remanence. The third winding magnetic reset will take over the resetting process when the capacitor voltage of RCD is over twice the charging voltage if the magnetic flux to be reset is relatively large. By the combination of these two magnetic reset methods, the ringing of the output could be absorbed, the voltage stress on the switch could be limited to about twice the charging voltage, and the efficiency of the system could be improved. The working principle is analyzed and verified by simulation and experiments. Finally, a 20-stage pulse generator is developed, which could generate the pulse with an amplitude of 10 kV and a pulse width of 2–5 µs. With this design, the voltage and current could be easily improved by adding stages and switches in parallel.
The role of working memory and attention control in incidental L2 vocabulary learning from
reading-while-listening
Authors: Jung Jookyoung , Zhang Wenrui , Lee Minjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the role of working memory and attention control in incidental L2 vocabulary learning from
engaging in reading-while-listening. Fifty-nine Cantonese ESL learners engaged in reading-while-listening to two English stories
in which twelve adjective-pseudonoun collocations appeared three times in meaningful contexts. Immediately after the
reading-while-listening task and again one week later, participants completed unannounced posttests that measured their receptive
and productive knowledge about the pseudonouns and their collocations. Their working memory was assessed with an automated
operation span task, and attention control ability was measured with three squared tasks that consisted of Stroop, Flanker, and
Simon squared tasks. The results indicated that attention control played a significant role in remembering the target pseudonoun
forms and their collocational features for both recall and recognition. The working memory, by contrast, did not emerge as a
determinant factor. The implications of the findings were discussed in the context of L2 vocabulary learning.
Structural chirality and related properties in the periodic inorganic solids: Review and perspectives
Authors: Bousquet Eric , Fava Mauro , Romestan Zachary , Gómez-Ortiz Fernando , McCabe Emma E. , Romero Aldo H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chirality refers to the asymmetry of objects that cannot be superimposed on their mirror image. It is a concept that exists in various scientific fields and has profound consequences. Although these are perhaps most widely recognized within biology, chemistry, and pharmacology, recent advances in chiral phonons, topological systems, crystal enantiomorphic materials, and magneto-chiral materials have brought this topic to the forefront of condensed matter physics research. Our review discusses the symmetry requirements and the features associated with structural chirality in inorganic materials. This allows us to explore the nature of phase transitions in these systems, the coupling between order parameters, and their impact on the material’s physical properties. We highlight&#xD;essential contributions to the field, particularly recent progress in the study of chiral phonons, altermagnetism, magnetochirality between others. Despite the rarity of naturally occurring inorganic chiral crystals, this review also highlights a significant knowledge gap, presenting challenges and opportunities for structural chirality mostly at the fundamental level, e.g., chiral displacive phase&#xD;transitions, possibilities of tuning and switching structural chirality by external means (electric, magnetic, or strain fields), whether chirality could be an independent order parameter, and whether structural chirality could be quantified, etc. Beyond simply summarising this field of research, this review aims to inspire further research in materials science by addressing future challenges, encouraging the exploration of chirality beyond traditional boundaries, and seeking the development of innovative materials with superior or new properties.
Black holes as fermion factories
Authors: Chen Yifan , Xue Xiao , Cardoso Vitor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ultralight bosons near rotating black holes can undergo significant growth through superradiant energy extraction, potentially reaching field values close to the Planck scale and transforming black holes into effective transducers for these fields. The interaction between boson fields and fermions may lead to parametric production or Schwinger pair production of fermions, with efficiencies significantly exceeding those of perturbative decay processes. Additionally, the spatial gradients of scalar clouds and the electric components of vector clouds can accelerate fermions, resulting in observable fluxes. This study considers both Standard Model neutrinos and dark sector fermions, which could contribute to boosted dark matter. Energy loss due to fermion emissions can potentially quench the exponential growth of the cloud, leading to a saturated state. This dynamic provides a framework for establishing limits on boson-neutrino interactions, previously constrained by neutrino self-interaction considerations. In the saturation phase, boson clouds have the capacity to accelerate fermions to TeV energies, producing fluxes that surpass those from atmospheric neutrinos near black holes. These fluxes open new avenues for observations through high-energy neutrino detectors like IceCube, as well as through dark matter direct detection efforts focused on targeted black holes.
Multi-source energy flow model analysis for urban systems
Authors: Liu Zongyue , Li Zongxin , Zhang Boqun , Zhao Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Unreasonable energy consumption hinders the sustainable development of cities. This study developed a multi-source energy flow (MEF) model based on the input-output table (IOT) to analyze energy consumption in Fujian Province. Combining IOT and energy consumption can help policy makers know the characteristics of energy consumption between sectors. Results show that the indirect energy consumption (203.43×106 tons of standard coal equivalent (SCE)) in Fujian Province is greater than the direct energy consumption (74.40×106 tons SCE). The EGW has the highest direct energy consumption (33.15×106 tons SCE), while the CON has the highest indirect energy consumption (28.71×106 tons SCE). EGW, SPM, CHE and NMP are the main energy outflow sectors, and CON is the main energy inflow sector. The contribution of direct energy flow to the economy was far greater than indirect energy flow; CON, WHO and SER are the main contributors in direct energy flow, and WHO, AGR and SER are the main contributors in indirect energy flow. These results can provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of Fujian.
Black Candle
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 delves into the nuanced perceptions and roles of Santa Muerte, particularly focusing on the color black in her worship. Despite black not being the most popular candle color among devotees, it significantly influences mass media portrayals and public perception of Santa Muerte, emphasizing her “dark side.” This chapter aims to showcase her multifaceted identity, challenging the singular negative portrayal by highlighting her lesser-known roles as a healer, job broker, and protector, which will be explored in subsequent chapters. It examines Santa Muerte’s transformation from a clandestine figure to a prominent folk saint, discussing her involvement in both benevolent acts and darker deeds, such as vengeance and protection in drug trafficking and other criminal activities. The narrative explores the historical context, anthropological insights, and contemporary relevance of Santa Muerte, illustrating her complex relationship with Mexican society, law enforcement, and the media. Through detailed accounts of Santa Muerte’s worship, the chapter reveals the depth of her cult, the diversity of her followers, and her significant impact on various aspects of Mexican life, from personal protection to the intricacies of the drug trade.
Purple Candle
Authors: Chesnut R Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the paradoxical role of death as a healer in Mexican culture, focusing on Santa Muerte’s appeal as both a supernatural protector and a faith healer. Drawing from B. Traven’s *Macario*, Mexican and European folklore, and contemporary practices, it traces the evolution of Santa Muerte’s image. Through narratives of healing rituals, pandemic protection, and cultural syncretism, the chapter shows how Santa Muerte fulfills a dual role in offering physical, emotional, and spiritual relief while upholding a nonjudgmental stance. Her prominence as a healer reveals underlying themes of mortality, faith, and resilience in the Mexican religious landscape.
Adrenal response to competitive singing: glucocorticoid metabolites in male Saltator similis (Aves, Thraupidae)
Authors: Lorieri-Vanin Carolina , Barbosa-Moyano Heriberto , de Oliveira Alvarenga Claudio , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Song competitions involving passerines, such as the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), are legally permitted in Brazil and attract widespread participation. This study aimed to assess the adrenal response in male S. similis by comparing glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) levels in uro-faecal extract samples collected during three competitions with those from a rest day (3 days before the competition, D-3), a day before the competition (D-1), the day of the competition (D0) and a day after the competition (D1). Simultaneously, we examined the potential variation in GCM levels among other males not engaged in song competitions but subjected to ex situ conditions much like those of participating males. GCM levels were measured using a direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA, CJM006), which was physiologically (ACTH challenge) and analytically validated (parallelism, accuracy and precision tests) for the species under study. The results indicated that the average GCM concentration was lower in the competition group (33.43 ± 22.09 ng/g) as compared to the control group (70.09 ± 29.45 ng/g; P = 0.01). However, concentrations spiked significantly on competition day (D0: 38.29 ± 26.12 ng/g) as compared to the rest day (D-3: 28.64 ± 17.86 ng/g; P = 0.02), suggesting acute stress response. Given the elevated GCM levels observed during competitions, further research is necessary to confirm the welfare of these birds under competition conditions and to explore the long-term effects of such stressors.
Landiolol is effective and safe in paediatric supraventricular tachycardia: Evidence from a European prospective multicentre open-label Phase III study (LANDI-PED)
Authors: Michel-Behnke Ina , Müller Matthias , Stiller Brigitte , Kriebel Thomas , Kanaan Majed , Környei László , Mai Matthias , Gebauer Roman , Meier Jens , Roses-Noguer Ferran , Unger Martin , Schlager Stefanie , Charu Charu , Klade Christoph , Krejcy Kurt , Ackerl Jakob , Krumpl Günther 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Landiolol, an ultra-fast acting super-selective beta-blocker, was investigated for the first time in Europe in a prospective clinical study for the management of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) among paediatric patients.

Methods
LANDI-PED was a prospective, multicentre, open-label, uncontrolled phase III study aiming to investigate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of landiolol in paediatric patients. 60 patients in surgical and non-surgical settings aged ≥1 day to &lt;18 years with SVTs of various aetiologies received landiolol as a continuous intravenous infusion starting with 5 μg/kg/min titrated up to 40 μg/kg/min depending on heart rate (HR) reduction for up to a maximum of 24 hours. The primary endpoint was restoration of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) within 210 minutes of infusion start.

Results
The primary endpoint was achieved in 15 (25.0%) patients. A total of 24 (40.0%) patients achieved a HR reduction of at least 20% within 210 minutes of landiolol infusion. A significant HR reduction was observed within minutes post-infusion, with a mean (±SD) reduction after 210 minutes of -13.2 (±11.5)% (p&lt;0.0001) in the overall population. By infusion end, 51.7% of patients achieved HR reduction of at least 20% from baseline and/or NSR conversion. PK characteristics were consistent with the known profile of landiolol among adults. The most common adverse drug reaction was hypotension (10%).

Conclusions
Landiolol is effective and safe in the treatment of SVTs in the paediatric population as demonstrated by reduction of HR and/or restoring NSR. Landiolol was well tolerated with no novel safety concerns reported.

Trial registration
EU Clinical Trial Register; EudraCT Number: 2015-001129-17
Identity of Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsdorf, 1787 and implications for conservation and silviculture
Authors: Wagner Iris , Wagner Sven 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wild pear [Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsdorf, 1787], also called the European wild pear, is an underestimated forest tree species. Despite its large range in Europe, the species is rare. It is assumed to be threatened by hybridization with pears cultivated throughout Europe. Therefore, the species is a concern of conservation efforts today. A prerequisite for all conservation and silvicultural activities is a better knowledge of the identity of the wild pear. In total, 316 putative wild pears from four different locations in central Europe have been analysed by using eight polymorphic isozyme loci and six relevant morphological characters. These were compared with 320 cultivated pears (Pyrus × communis), which were divided into three categories in terms of their date of origin. The result of a genetic clustering procedure showed that 55% of all putative wild samples were pure wild pear, 39% were hybrids or introgressed individuals, and 6% were pure cultivated pear. Genetic variation in wild pear was high (species level: P = 100%, A/L = 3.6, He = 0.370). Subpopulation differentiation (δ) was 0.088, and pairwise genetic distance (d0) among four samples ranged from 0.086 to 0.171. The result of a principal component analysis of the morphological data revealed that there was no overlap between putative wild and cultivated pears, and 100% of the putative wild pears formed a distinct group. The intraspecific variability of fruit and leaf traits in pears was described. Mean values in wild pear were: fruit height 22 mm (SD 4.5), fruit width 25 mm (SD 5.3), fruit shape quotient 0.89 (SD 0.09), leaf length 40 mm (SD 4.8), leaf width 33 mm (SD 4.0), and leaf shape quotient 1.20 (SD 0.12). Within the wilds, no correspondence between genetic and morphological characters could be observed. The history of pear cultivation can help to understand major genetic results. Habitat ecology, character of occurrence, and historical information can provide explanations for site-specific genetic structure of the samples. Consequences for conservation and silviculture are discussed.