bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal ridge augmentation of the atrophic anterior maxilla using rhBMP‐2/ACS or autogenous bone grafts: a proof‐of‐concept randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Freitas Rubens Moreno , Susin Cristiano , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Marcantonio Claudio , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Pereira Luís Antônio Violin Dias , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) with autogenous bone graft for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla.MethodsTwenty‐four subjects were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, open‐label clinical trial. Subjects either received rhBMP‐2/ACS (1.5 mg/ml) or particulated autogenous bone harvested from the mandibular retromolar region. A titanium‐mesh was used to provide space and wound stability. A guide was used to standardize clinical recordings using an analogue caliper. Alveolar ridge width was also assessed using cone‐beam computed tomography.ResultsrhBMP‐2/ACS yielded significantly greater radiographic horizontal bone gain compared with autogenous bone graft at immediate subcrestal levels (1.5 ± 0.7 versus 0.5 ± 0.9 mm; p = 0.01); non‐significant differences were observed at mid‐ (2.9 ± 0.8 versus 2.9 ± 0.9 mm; p = 0.98) and apical (1.7 ± 0.9 versus 1.8 ± 1.1 mm; p = 0.85) crestal levels. No significant differences in clinical horizontal bone gain were observed at 6 months between rhBMP‐2/ACS and autogenous bone graft (3.2 ± 0.9 mm versus 3.7 ± 1.4 mm; p = 0.31). Sixty‐two implants were placed after 6 month of healing with no significant differences between groups for number of implants, implant size, primary stability and survival.ConclusionsrhBMP‐2/ACS appears a realistic alternative for augmentation of the edentulous atrophic anterior maxilla.
Sitagliptin added to voglibose monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tajima Naoko , Kadowaki Takashi , Okamoto Taro , Sato Asako , Okuyama Kotoba , Minamide Toshiomi , Arjona Ferreira Juan Camilo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that frequently requires patients to use more than one oral antihyperglycemic agent to achieve adequate glycemic control. The present multicenter, randomized study assessed the efficacy and safety of the addition of sitagliptin to ongoing voglibose monotherapy (0.2–0.3 mg three times daily) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had inadequate glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin ≥6.9% and <10.5%).Materials and MethodsThe present study had an initial 12‐week, double‐blind treatment period in which patients were randomized (1:1) to sitagliptin 50 mg/day (n = 70) or placebo (n = 63), followed by a 40‐week, open‐label treatment period during which all patients received sitagliptin 50 mg/day, that could have been increased to 100 mg/day for patients meeting predefined glycemic criteria.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, treatment with sitagliptin resulted in placebo‐subtracted mean changes from baseline in glycated hemoglobin (the primary end‐point), fasting plasma glucose and 2‐h postmeal glucose of –0.9%, –22.5 mg/dL and –51.3 mg/dL, respectively (all, P < 0.001). During the double‐blind period, adverse experiences were reported with similar frequency in both treatment groups, and the occurrences of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal adverse experiences were low. In the open‐label period, sustained improvements in glycemic parameters were observed with sitagliptin treatment, and sitagliptin was generally well tolerated.ConclusionsSitagliptin added on to ongoing voglibose monotherapy provided significant improvements in glycemic parameters and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had inadequate glycemic control. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrails.gov (no. NCT00837577).
An interspecific comparison between morphology and swimming performance in cyprinids
Authors: Yan G.‐J. , He X.‐K. , Cao Z.‐D. , Fu S.‐J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFlow regimes are believed to be of major evolutionary significance in fish. The flow regimes inhabited by cyprinids vary extensively from still flow regimes to riptide flow regimes. To test (i) whether flow‐driven swimming performance and relevant morphological differentiation are present among fish species and (ii) whether evolutionary shifts between high‐flow and low‐flow habitats in cyprinids are associated with evolutionary trade‐offs in locomotor performance, we obtained data on both steady and unsteady swimming performance and external body shape for 19 species of cyprinids that typically occur in different flow regimes (still, intermediate and riptide). We also measured the routine energy expenditure (RMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and calculated the optimal swimming speed. Our results showed that fish species from riptide groups tend to have a higher critical swimming speed (Ucrit), maximum linear velocity (Vmax) and fineness ratio (FR) than fish from the other two groups. However, there was no correlation between the reconstructed changes in the steady and unsteady swimming performance of the 19 species. According to the phylogenetically independent contrast (PIC) method, the Ucrit was actively correlated with the MMR. These results indicated that selection will favour both higher steady and unsteady swimming performance and a more streamlined body shape in environments with high water velocities. The results suggested that steady swimming performance was more sensitive to the flow regime and that for this reason, changes in body shape resulted more from selective pressure on steady swimming performance than on unsteady swimming performance. No evolutionary trade‐off was observed between steady and unsteady swimming performance, although Ucrit and MMR were found to have coevolved. However, a further analysis within each typically occurring habitat group suggested that the trade‐off that may exist between steady and unsteady swimming performance may be concealed by the effect of habitat.
The direct effects of male killer infection on fitness of ladybird hosts (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)
Authors: Elnagdy S. , Majerus M. E. N. , Gardener M. , Lawson Handley L.‐J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMale killing bacteria are common in insects and are thought to persist in host populations primarily by indirect fitness benefits to infected females, whereas direct fitness effects are generally assumed to be neutral or deleterious. Here, we estimated the effect of male killer infection on direct fitness (number of eggs laid, as a measure of fecundity, together with survival) and other life‐history traits (development time and body size) in seven ladybird host/male killer combinations. Effects of male killers on fecundity ranged, as expected, from costly to neutral; however, we found evidence of reduced development time and increased survival and body size in infected strains. Greater body size inSpiroplasma‐infectedHarmonia axyridiscorresponded to greater ovariole number and therefore higherpotentialfecundity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct benefits of male killer infection after explicitly controlling for indirect fitness effects. Neutral or deleterious fitness effects of male killer infection should not therefore be automatically assumed.
Effect of pancreatic juice cytology and/or endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy for pancreatic tumor
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Takeda Yohei , Harada Kenichi , Horie Yasushi , Yashima Kazuo , Murawaki Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNA) can now provide a cytopathological diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy with higher success rates. However, EUS‐FNA cannot be carried out for lesions of minimally invasive carcinoma because they cannot be detected by endoscopic ultrasonography, and in cases of intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) because of the potential for needle tract seeding. A recent study has shown that pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is useful for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. This study's aim was to evaluate whether PJC strengthens the diagnostic power of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic masses.MethodsA total of 161 patients, who were suspected to have a pancreatic mass on conventional ultrasound and/or computed tomography, was enrolled.ResultsEUS‐FNA was carried out in 121 cases, and PJC was performed in 83 cases. An adequate specimen was obtained for EUS‐FNA in 96.0% and for PJC in 98.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 86.0%, 100%, 100%, 70.5%, and 89.5% for EUS‐FNA, and 71.4%, 100%, 100%, 84.4%, and 88.8% for PJC, respectively. EUS‐FNA and/or PJC for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumor had a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 91.7%, and accuracy of 95.9%. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA and/or PJC was significantly higher than that of EUS‐FNA alone or PJC alone.ConclusionPJC improved the diagnostic utility of EUS‐FNA for pancreatic tumor.
Radiotherapy for patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion to intrahepatic large vessels: Efficacy and outcomes
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiaki , Nakazawa Takahide , Komori Shouko , Hidaka Hisashi , Okuwaki Yusuke , Takada Juichi , Watanabe Masaaki , Shibuya Akitaka , Minamino Tsutomu , Yamamoto Hajime , Kokubu Shigehiro , Hayakawa Kazushige , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimTo examine the efficacy and outcomes of radiotherapy (RT) in patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion to intrahepatic large vessels (IHLVs).MethodsSixty‐seven patients who had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion to IHLVs received three‐dimensional conformal RT. IHLV invasion was associated with portal venous tumor thrombosis in 40 patients, tumor thrombosis involving the hepatic vein in 17, and both findings in 10. A daily radiation dose of 1.8–2 Gy was administered using 6 or 10 MV X‐rays to deliver a total dose of 30–56 Gy.ResultsThe overall objective response rate (complete response plus partial response) was 45% (n = 30). The median survival time was 13.7 months in the responder group and 5.9 months in the nonresponder group. An objective response was observed in 28 (56%) of 50 patients with Child‐Pugh (C‐P) class A and in 2 (12%) of 17 patients with C‐P class B. Hepatic function of C‐P class A was an independent factor for both RT responder and overall survival on Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio = 9.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.97–46.2, P = 0.005; and hazard ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.2–0.77, P = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionRT is an effective treatment option without serious adverse events. RT should be considered for the patients with better hepatic function who have invasion to IHLVs.
Modification of risk, but not survival of esophageal cancer patients by esophageal cancer‐related gene 1 Arg290Gln polymorphism: A case–control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Umar Meenakshi , Upadhyay Rohit , Kumar Shaleen , Ghoshal Uday Chand , Mittal Balraj 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimEsophageal cancer‐related gene 1 (ECRG1) is a novel tumor suppressor gene known to affect matrix remodeling, cell growth, and differentiation. Previous studies in high incidence geographical regions of esophageal cancer (EC) have shown association of ECRG1 Arg290Gln polymorphism with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, role of this variant in low incidence region is missing. So, we aimed to evaluate association of ECRG1 Arg290Gln with susceptibility and prognosis of EC patients in low‐risk north Indian population.MethodsThe genotyping of ECRG1 Arg290Gln polymorphism was done in 310 incident EC cases (including 179 follow up cases) and 310 healthy controls through polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis applied were binary logistic regression for risk estimation and Kaplan–Meier/log‐rank test for survival analysis. Meta‐analysis of published studies, exploring role of ECRG1 polymorphism in ESCC risk, was carried out using MIX 2.0 software.ResultsECRG1 Arg290Gln polymorphism significantly conferred 1.8‐fold increased risk of EC in dominant model (odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.27–2.49, P = 0.001). Stratification based on clinical phenotypes showed pronounced risk in cases with ESCC histopathology and middle/lower third tumor locations. No significant interaction with environmental risk factors was observed. Meta‐analysis also showed significant association of ECRG1 Arg290Gln polymorphism with risk of ESCC. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression tests suggested that ECRG1 polymorphism did not modulate survival outcome of ESCC patients.ConclusionsECRG1 Arg290Gln polymorphism significantly affects the susceptibility but not the prognosis of ESCC patients in low‐risk north Indian population.
Clinical usefulness of intraductal ultrasonography for the management of acute biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Yoon La Young , Moon Jong Ho , Choi Hyun Jong , Kim Dong Choon , Seo Jung Yeon , Lee Tae Hoon , Cha Sang‐Woo , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang‐Heum , Kim Sun‐Joo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimIdentifying a bile duct (BD) stone in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is important for the management and prevention of recurrent attack of pancreatitis. However, small BD stones may not be detected on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in patients suspected to have ABP but with no evidence of choledocholithiasis on ERCP.MethodsA total 92 patients suspected with ABP without evidence of BD stones on imaging studies including ERCP were enrolled. Wire‐guided IDUS was performed during ERCP in all patients. Stones or sludge detected by IDUS were confirmed after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and extraction. If IDUS finding was negative, then we swept the BD with a balloon catheter and/or basket without EST. After endoscopic management, comparison between IDUS and endoscopic finding was carried out to determine the diagnostic accuracy of IDUS.ResultsAmong the 92 patients, IDUS revealed BD stones in 33 (35.9%). All 33 patients' stones were confirmed by endoscopic visualization after EST and BD exploration. During the mean follow up of 24 months, recurrent pancreatitis did not occur in 90 of 92 patients (97.9%) with ABP after endoscopic treatment according to the IDUS findings.ConclusionsIDUS improves diagnostic accuracy for the detection of clinically occult BD stones in patients suspicious ABP. IDUS‐guided endoscopic management for patients with ABP can avoid unnecessary EST and help prevent recurrent pancreatitis.
Predictors of in‐hospital mortality after acute variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and concurrent main portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Han Ming‐Lun , Chen Chieh‐Chang , Kuo Shih‐Hao , Hsu Wen‐Feng , Liou Jyh‐Ming , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wang Hsiu‐Po 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground and AimRisk factors for acute variceal bleeding in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and concurrent main portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remain unclear. We aimed to determine risk factors of in‐hospital mortality after acute variceal bleeding for HCC patients with concurrent main PVT.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 102 HCC patients (83% men and 17% women) with concurrent main PVT and acute variceal bleeding. All patients received emergent endoscopy to define the bleeding source. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis consisting of clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic parameters was performed to identify predictive factors for intrahospital mortality.ResultsTwenty‐eight (27.5%) patients died within admission. The median survival of all patients was 56 days. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed Child‐Pugh score (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.29 for each point; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.50), active bleeding on index endoscopy (aHR: 7.50; 95% CI: 3.05–18.4), esophageal varices as the bleeder (compared with gastric varices, aHR: 14.3; 95% CI: 3.12–66.1), failure to control bleeding (aHR: 38.0; 95% CI: 7.44–194), and serum creatinine (aHR: 1.28 for each increase of 1 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.09–1.50) independently predicted in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsHepatic reserve, active bleeding on index endoscopy, failure to control bleeding, esophageal varices as the bleeder when compared with gastric varices, and renal function were independent predictive factors for in‐hospital mortality in HCC patients with acute variceal bleeding and concurrent main PVT.
What is talked about? Community living staff experiences of talking with older people with intellectual disability about dying and death
Authors: Wiese M. , Stancliffe R. J. , Dew A. , Balandin S. , Howarth G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore what community living staff talked about and did with people with intellectual disability (ID) to assist them to understand dying and death.MethodGuided by grounded theory methodology, focus groups and one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with 22 staff who had talked about any topic relating to dying and death with their clients.ResultsThere was little evidence that staff talked with, or did things with clients to assist understanding of the end of life, both prior to and after a death. Prior to death staff assisted clients in a limited way to understand about determining wishes in preparation for death, and what dying looks like by observance of its passage. Following a death staff offered limited assistance to clients to understand the immutability of death, and how the dead can be honoured with ritual, and remembered.ConclusionsThe findings have implications for why people with ID have only partial understanding of the end of life, the staff skills required to support clients’ understanding, and when conversations about the end of life should occur.
Temporal analysis of attentional processes in spontaneous interactions between people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their support workers
Authors: Neerinckx H. , Vos P. , Van Den Noortgate W. , Maes B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew studies examined joint attention in interactions with people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), although being an important component of high‐quality interaction. The purpose of this study is to describe initiating joint attention behaviour from people with PIMD and their support workers as well as the sequential relationship between initiating joint attention behaviour and attention episodes in spontaneous interactions.MethodVideo observations of 28 support worker–client dyads were coded using partial interval coding.ResultsResults show much variation across persons and dyads. Within the support worker–client dyad, there is not much joint attention but shared attention is frequently occurring. In general, people with PIMD are directing the attention of their interaction partner at low rates. The support workers are frequently directing the attention of the clients towards a topic of interest but not often through the tactile modality. The occurrence of an attention episode cannot be predicted on the basis of preceding initiating joint attention behaviour of the interaction partners.ConclusionThis study presents directions for future research and implications for practice. It may increase support workers' knowledge of their own contributions, strengths and weaknesses in directing and maintaining attention within interactions with people with PIMD.
Critical role of calpain in spinal cord degeneration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Samantaray Supriti , Knaryan Varduhi H. , Shields Donald C. , Banik Naren L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhile multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to midbrain nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), the mechanism of damage in non‐dopaminergic sites within the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, is not well‐understood. Thus, to understand the comprehensive pathophysiology underlying this devastating disease, postmortem spinal cord tissue samples (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments) from patients with PD were analyzed compared to age‐matched normal subjects or Alzheimer's disease for selective molecular markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation. Distal axonal degeneration, relative abundance of both sensory and motor neuron death, selective loss of ChAT+ motoneurons, reactive astrogliosis, microgliosis, increased cycloxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) expression, and infiltration of T cells were observed in spinal cord of PD patients compared to normal subjects. Biochemical analyses of spinal cord tissues revealed associated inflammatory and proteolytic events (elevated levels of Cox‐2, expression and activity of μ‐ and m‐calpain, degradation of axonal neurofilament protein, and concomitantly low levels of endogenous inhibitor – calpastatin) in spinal cord of PD patients. Thus, pathologically upregulated calpain activity in spinal cords of patients with PD may contribute to inflammatory response‐mediated neuronal death, leading to motor dysfunction.image
We proposed calpain over‐activation and calpain‐calpastatin dysregulation driving in a cascade of inflammatory responses (microglial activation and T cell infiltration) and degenerative pathways culminating in axonal degeneration and neuronal death in spinal cord of Parkinson's disease patients. This may be one of the crucial mechanisms in the degenerative process.
Synaptodendritic recovery following HIV Tat exposure: Neurorestoration by phytoestrogens
Authors: Bertrand Sarah J. , Mactutus Charles F. , Aksenova Marina V. , Espensen‐Sturges Tori D. , Booze Rosemarie M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHIV‐1 infects the brain and, despite antiretroviral therapy, many infected individuals suffer from HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND is associated with dendritic simplification and synaptic loss. Prevention of synaptodendritic damage may ameliorate or forestall neurocognitive decline in latent HIV‐1 infections. The HIV‐1 transactivating protein (Tat) is produced during viral latency in the brain and may cause synaptodendritic damage. This study examined the integrity of the dendritic network after exposure to HIV‐1 Tat by labeling filamentous actin (F‐actin)‐rich structures (puncta) in primary neuronal cultures. After 24 h of treatment, HIV‐1 Tat was associated with the dendritic arbor and produced a significant reduction of F‐actin‐labeled dendritic puncta as well as loss of dendrites. Pre‐treatment with either of two plant‐derived phytoestrogen compounds (daidzein and liquiritigenin), significantly reduced synaptodendritic damage following HIV‐1 Tat treatment. In addition, 6 days after HIV‐1 Tat treatment, treatment with either daidzein, or liquiritigenin enhanced recovery, via the estrogen receptor, from HIV‐1 Tat‐induced synaptodendritic damage. These results suggest that either liquiritigenin or daidzein may not only attenuate acute synaptodendritic injury in HIV‐1 but may also promote recovery from synaptodendritic damage.
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The HIV‐1 transactivating protein (Tat) is produced during viral latency in the brain. Treatment with either daidzein or liquiritigenin restored the loss of synaptic connectivity produced by HIV‐1 Tat. This neurorestoration was mediated by estrogen receptors (ER). These results suggest that plant‐derived phytoestrogens may promote recovery from HIV‐1‐induced synaptodendritic damage.