bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Intensity of Physical Activity and Entheseal Changes on the Lower Limb
Authors: Niinimäki S. , Baiges Sotos L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTStudies on the relationship between intensity of activity and entheseal changes (EC) have usually focused on the upper limb. Body size may bias lower limb EC, and thus evaluation of activity intensity may not be applicable. We study the effects of age, body size (as femoral length and femoral head superoinferior height) and intensity of physical activity on the lower limb EC. Our study sample (Helsinki) represents early 20thcentury Finns where age, sex and occupation are known for the individuals. Due to small number of females only males were included in this study. Based on the reported occupation, the material was divided into heavy (N = 17) and light (N = 6) activity groups. Entheses were observed for ruggedness, and the obtained scores were transformed into binary variables. Intensity of physical activity did not result in differences in EC in the lower limb. Surprisingly, also body size as femoral maximum length and femoral head height did not affect lower limb entheses. Age, a significant biasing factor in the upper limb EC, resulted in changes in some lower limb entheses. This was similar for left and right sides. Our results indicate that there are factors other than size, age and labour intensity affecting EC in the lower limb. Thus, the use of lower limb EC in activity reconstructions is problematic. However, our sample size was small which restricts the generalization of the results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel vanadium(III) complexes with tridentate phenoxy‐phosphine [O,P(O),O] ligands: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic behavior of ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 10‐undecen‐1‐ol
Authors: Zhang Sen‐Wang , Zhang Gui‐Bao , Lu Ling‐Pan , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of novel vanadium(III) complexes bearing tridentate phenoxy‐phosphine [O,P,O] ligands and phosphine oxide‐bridged bisphenolato [O,PO,O] ligands, which differ in the steric and electronic properties, have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectra as well as elemental analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that complexes 3c and 4e adopt an octahedral geometry around the vanadium center. In the presence of Et2AlCl as a cocatalyst, these complexes displayed high catalytic activities up to 22.8 kg PE/mmolV.h.bar for ethylene polymerization, and produced high‐molecular‐weight polymers. Introducing additional oxygen atom on phosphorus atom of [O,P,O] ligands has resulted in significant changes on the aspect of steric/electronic effect, which has an impact on polymerization performance. 3c and 4c/Et2AlCl catalytic systems were tolerant to elevated temperature (70 °C) and yielded unimodal polyethylenes, indicating the single‐site behavior of these catalysts. By pretreating with equimolar amounts of alkylaluminums, functional α‐olefin 10‐undecen‐1‐ol can be efficiently incorporated into polyethylene chains. 10‐Undecen‐1‐ol incorporation can easily reach 14.6 mol % under the mild conditions. Other reaction parameters that influenced the polymerization behavior, such as reaction temperature, Al/V (molar ratio), and comonomer concentration, are also examined in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Energy transfer from Ce to Nd in Y3Al5O12 ceramics
Authors: Yamaga Mitsuo , Oda Yohei , Uno Hideaki , Hasegawa Kazuo , Ito Hiroshi , Mizuno Shintaro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLuminescence spectra of Nd3+ and Ce3+ excited in absorption bands of Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 (YAG) ceramics codoped with 0.9 mol.% Nd3+ and 0.05 mol.% Ce3+ were measured in a temperature range between 10 and 300 K. Their luminescence spectra indicate an energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Nd3+through reabsorption of the Ce3+ luminescence due to Nd3+. The large quantum yields of the Nd3+ luminescence excited in the Ce3+ absorption bands give evidence of the energy transfer process. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Review of photovoltaic module energy yield (kWh/kW): comparison of crystalline Si and thin film technologies
Authors: Hegedus Steven 
Published: November 2012

The energy yield (kWh/kWSTC) reported from photovoltaic (PV) installations were reviewed to look for consistent trends in performance between module technologies. The effect of higher operating temperature and lower light intensity are discussed in terms of different locations and module technologies. Both of these losses can favor thin film PV under controlled laboratory conditions but may not be significant under real field conditions. As received, PV modules suffer from a minimum ±5% uncertainty because of binning (±3%) and calibration (±2%). Differences between initial nameplate kWSTC and the actual field‐tested values cause larger uncertainty. Thin film modules suffer additional uncertainty because of calibration and stabilization issues. A recent study comparing 12 different module technologies in Nicosia and Stuttgart concluded that when properly measured and stabilized, thin film technologies could have a 1–4% advantage because of smaller temperature losses and 3% advantage due to improved low light efficiency but the tolerances and uncertainty in kW rating were greater at ±5–10%. Energy yield data from utility scale installations in sunny hot locations finds that CdTe outperforms c‐Si by ∼5–6%. Data for a‐Si is complicated by initial versus stabilized module ratings and summer annealing. Gains with Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) are expected to be even less than CdTe or a‐Si. Analysis of data‐driven simulation finds at best a few percent advantage in kWh/kW for thin films. We conclude that any differences between thin film and c‐Si module technologies are much smaller than reported previously, and are often smaller than the measurement uncertainty especially between different locations.This article is categorized under:

Photovoltaics > Science and Materials
Photovoltaics > Economics and Policy
Photovoltaics > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials
Monascus secondary metabolites: production and biological activity
Authors: Patakova Petra 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The genus Monascus, comprising nine species, can reproduce either vegetatively with filaments and conidia or sexually by the formation of ascospores. The most well-known species of genus Monascus, namely, M. purpureus, M. ruber and M. pilosus, are often used for rice fermentation to produce red yeast rice, a special product used either for food coloring or as a food supplement with positive effects on human health. The colored appearance (red, orange or yellow) of Monascus-fermented substrates is produced by a mixture of oligoketide pigments that are synthesized by a combination of polyketide and fatty acid synthases. The major pigments consist of pairs of yellow (ankaflavin and monascin), orange (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) and red (rubropunctamine and monascorubramine) compounds; however, more than 20 other colored products have recently been isolated from fermented rice or culture media. In addition to pigments, a group of monacolin substances and the mycotoxin citrinin can be produced by Monascus. Various non-specific biological activities (antimicrobial, antitumor, immunomodulative and others) of these pigmented compounds are, at least partly, ascribed to their reaction with amino group-containing compounds, i.e. amino acids, proteins or nucleic acids. Monacolins, in the form of β-hydroxy acids, inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis in animals and humans.
Older sibling influences on the language environment and language development of toddlers in bilingual homes
Authors: BRIDGES KELLY , HOFF ERIKA 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTwo separate studies examined older siblings’ influence on the language exposure and language development of US-born toddlers who were being raised in bilingual homes. The participants in Study 1 were 60 children between 16 and 30 months who had heard English and another language at home from birth; 26 had older siblings, and 34 did not. The participants in Study 2 were 27 children, assessed at 22 and 30 months, who had heard English and Spanish from birth; 14 had school-aged older siblings, and 13 did not. Both studies found that older siblings used English more in talking to the toddlers than did other household members and that toddlers with older siblings were more advanced in English language development. Study 2 also found that the presence of a school-aged older sibling increased mothers’ use of English with their toddlers and that toddlers without a school-aged older sibling were more advanced in Spanish than the toddlers with a school-aged older sibling. These findings contribute to a picture of the complex processes that shape language use in bilingual homes and cause variability in young children's bilingual development.
Oligocene‐Miocene magnetic stratigraphy carried by biogenic magnetite at sites U1334 and U1335 (equatorial Pacific Ocean)
Authors: Channell J. E. T. , Ohneiser C. , Yamamoto Y. , Kesler M. S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSediments from the equatorial Pacific Ocean, at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program sites U1334 and U1335, record reliable magnetic polarity stratigraphies back to ~26.5 Ma (late Oligocene) at sedimentation rates usually in the 5–20 m/Myr range. Putative polarity subchrons that do not appear in current polarity timescales occur within Chrons C5ACr, C5ADn, and C5Bn.1r at Site U1335; and within Chrons C6AAr.2r, C6Br, C7Ar, and C8n.1n at Site U1334. Subchron C5Dr.1n (~17.5 Ma) is recorded at both sites, supporting its apparent recording in the South Atlantic Ocean, and has an estimated duration of ~40 kyr. The Oligocene‐Miocene calcareous oozes have magnetizations carried by submicron magnetite, as indicated by thermal demagnetization of magnetic remanences, the anhysteretic remanence to susceptibility ratio, and magnetic hysteresis parameters. Transmission electron microscopy of magnetic separates indicates the presence of low‐titanium iron oxide (magnetite) grains with size (50–100 nm) and shape similar to modern and fossil bacterial magnetite, supporting other evidence that biogenic submicron magnetite is the principal remanence carrier in these sediments. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean, low organic‐carbon burial arrests microbial pore‐water sulfate reduction, thereby aiding preservation of bacterial magnetite.
Expanding Aerial–Roving Surveys to Include Counts of Shore-Based Recreational Fishers from Remotely Operated Cameras: Benefits, Limitations, and Cost Effectiveness
Authors: Smallwood C. B. , Pollock K. H. , Wise B. S. , Hall N. G. , Gaughan D. J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Information on shore-based recreational fishing is essential for the sustainable management of nearshore fish stocks. However, obtaining estimates of catch and effort from such fishing activity can be complex and expensive due to the large spatial scales over which surveys are typically conducted and the fine-scale temporal resolution that is desired. Complementary surveys are one option for improving the accuracy of estimates. A pilot study was conducted in Perth, Western Australia, from April to June 2010 to test an expanded aerial–roving survey design that incorporated remotely operated cameras. Cameras recorded the distribution of shore-based fishing activity across a 24-h day, highlighting an afternoon peak as well as some nighttime activity, which is rarely captured in existing survey designs. This information was combined with instantaneous counts of shore fishers from aerial surveys and trip length data that were obtained from 1,194 incomplete trip interviews conducted during roving creel surveys; the resulting estimate of fishing effort was 213,460 angler-hours (SE = 18,141; relative SE [RSE] = 8%). Catch rates, which were calculated from roving creel survey data on the numbers of retained fish, were combined with fishing effort to estimate a total retained catch of 355,801 fish (SE = 41,446; RSE = 12%). The Australian herring Arripis georgianus was the dominant species, with a retained catch of 229,779 fish (SE = 39,007; RSE = 17%). In comparison with other on-site techniques, the incorporation of cameras into an aerial–roving survey design provides a generic, cost-effective method for measuring the distribution of shore-based fishing activity across a 24-h day. Our findings improve the understanding of the exploitation of nearshore fish stocks along the Perth coast. Our method has broad application to many other recreational fisheries around the world, especially where nighttime fishing is popular.
Received June 28, 2012; accepted August 24, 2012
Group Session Rating Scale: Preliminary psychometrics in substance abuse group interventions
Authors: Quirk Kelley , Miller Scott , Duncan Barry , Owen Jesse 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Although ultra‐brief outcome and process measures have been developed for individual therapy, currently there are no ultra‐brief alliance measures for group therapy. Method: The current study examined 105 clients in group therapy for issues related to substance abuse or with issues related to the substance abuse of a significant other. We tested whether a newly developed group therapy alliance measure – the Group Session Rating Scale would be related to other commonly used group process measures (Working Alliance Inventory, Group Cohesion, Group Climate) and early change (change over the first four sessions of group therapy). Results: The findings provided support for reliability based on Cronbach alphas and test‐retest coefficients. Additionally, the GSRS was a one‐factor measure that was related to other group process measures as well as predicted early change. Discussion: Clinical implications for how to utilise ultra‐brief outcome and alliance measures are provided.
Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance in Hospitals by Design
Authors: Melles Marijke , Erasmus Vicki , van Loon Martijn P. M. , Tassoul Marc , van Beeck Ed F. , Vos Margreet C. 
Published: November 2012

Essential in reducing hospital-acquired infections is adequate hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare workers (HCWs). International studies show, however, that HH guidelines are adhered to in less than 50% of required times. Research into HH behavior has shown that self-reported compliance is often higher than observed compliance, which seems to indicate that HCWs are unaware of their HH behavior. In addition, because of its frequency, HH behavior could be considered an automatic (or subconscious) behavior. Therefore, a (temporary) shift from the subconscious to the conscious could be a solution to change current HH behavior and create new habits. These insights formed the points of departure of the design project described here, which aimed to develop an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) dispenser to stimulate HCWs to better adhere to the international guidelines of HH. In order to increase the chance of success of the new dispenser, a participatory design approach was applied, meaning that all stakeholders of the dispenser (nurses, physicians, infection control practitioners, housekeeping) were actively involved in the different phases of the development process.The development process of the new dispenser consisted of 5 phases: analysis, idea finding (identifying promising design directions), and 3 idea iterations. Interim ideas were evaluated using functional 3-dimensional prototypes and the results applied to further develop the final concept. Methods of user research included observations and individual and focus group interviews.
Occupational Exposures and the Prevalence of Blood-Borne Pathogens in a Deployed Setting Data from a US Military Trauma Center in Afghanistan
Authors: Okulicz Jason F. , Yun Heather C. , Murray Clinton K. 
Published: November 2012

Objective.Occupational exposures to blood and other bodily fluids occur in approximately 5 per 100 persons every year in US hospitals. Since the provision of health care in the deployed environment poses unique challenges to hospital personnel, it is important to characterize the rates of occupational exposures and understand the prevalence of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs) in host nations.Methods.A retrospective review of public health and laboratory records at a US military trauma center in Afghanistan from October 1, 2010, to March 31, 2012.Results.A total of 65 occupational exposures were reported, including 47 (72%) percutaneous and 18 (28%) mucocutaneous, with a yearly rate of 8.6 exposures per 100 persons. During 6-month deployment cycles, the majority of exposures (46.2%) occurred in the first 2 months after arrival in Afghanistan. Physicians reported the most exposures (26%), and the operating room (48%) was the most common hospital location. The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among local national source patients (n= 59 ) was 8.9% and 2.3%, respectively, with no cases of HIV or syphilis detected. In contrast, there were no BBPs detected in coalition source (n= 12) or exposed (n = 57) patients.Conclusions.The characteristics of occupational exposures in this deployed environment were comparable to those of US-based hospitals. Standard practices used to reduce occupational exposures, such as use of personal protective equipment and safety devices, should continue to be prioritized in the deployed setting. Although BBP rates are not well defined in Afghanistan, our results were consistent with those of prior epidemiologic studies.
Deliveries on the CME Live Cattle Contract: An Economic Assessment
Authors: Hudson Michael A. , Hieronymus Thomas A. , Koontz Stephen R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDeliveries on the CME live cattle contract respond to the delivery month basis, discounts for yield grade 4 carcasses, and limited seasonal influences. Modification of the contract to tighten quality standards resulted in a decline in the response of deliveries to the yield grade 4 carcass discounts. The certificate delivery system appears to have had no significant effect on the total number of deliveries. Analysis of spatial combinations of delivery points suggests that markets east of the Mississippi River respond to different factors than the western markets.
Effects of Reduced Price and Income Supports on Farmland Rent and Value
Authors: Featherstone Allen M. , Baker Timothy G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCurrently, there is a debate about the appropriate form of future farm policy. This paper analyzes the distribution of land prices under the 1985 programs and under a more market orientation. The problem was studied by using results from an econometric simulation model. Results suggest that by 1990, under average conditions, land prices under both the Market and the 1985 program scenarios could be near the long‐run equilibrium levels of $1121 and $1296 per acre, respectively.
Determinants of Profitability in Farrow‐to‐Finish Swine Production
Authors: Edwards William M. , van der Sluis Grytsje T. , Stevermer Emmett J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCost estimates for feed, facilities, labor, operating, health, reproductive performance and average selling price were derived from four years of on‐farm data from farrow‐to‐finish swine producers. The effect of each independent management area on profit per hundredweight of pork produced was estimated. Feed cost was found to have the greatest impact, followed closely by the cost of facilities. The quantity of feed consumed per hundredweight of gain and the cost of the ration had nearly equal impact on feed costs.
PTID: an integrated web resource and computational tool for agrochemical discovery
Authors: Gong Jiayu , Liu Xiaofeng , Cao Xianwen , Diao Yanyan , Gao Daqi , Li Honglin , Qian Xuhong 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Summary: Although in silico drug discovery approaches are crucial for the development of pharmaceuticals, their potential advantages in agrochemical industry have not been realized. The challenge for computer-aided methods in agrochemical arena is a lack of sufficient information for both pesticides and their targets. Therefore, it is important to establish such knowledge repertoire that contains comprehensive pesticides’ profiles, which include physicochemical properties, environmental fates, toxicities and mode of actions. Here, we present an integrated platform called Pesticide-Target interaction database (PTID), which comprises a total of 1347 pesticides with rich annotation of ecotoxicological and toxicological data as well as 13 738 interactions of pesticide-target and 4245 protein terms via text mining. Additionally, through the integration of ChemMapper, an in-house computational approach to polypharmacology, PTID can be used as a computational platform to identify pesticides targets and design novel agrochemical products.
Availability: http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/ptid/.
Contact: hlli@ecust.edu.cn; xhqian@ecust.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long-Term Effects of Class Size *
Authors: Fredriksson Peter , Öckert Björn , Oosterbeek Hessel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article evaluates the long-term effects of class size in primary school. We use rich data from Sweden and exploit variation in class size created by a maximum class size rule. Smaller classes in the last three years of primary school (age 10 to 13) are beneficial for cognitive and noncognitive ability at age 13, and improve achievement at age 16. Most important, we find that smaller classes have positive effects on completed education, wages, and earnings at age 27 to 42. The estimated wage effect is large enough to pass a cost-benefit test.
Knowledge, skills and professional behaviours required by occupational therapist and physiotherapist beginning practitioners in work‐related practice: A systematic review
Authors: Adam Kerry , Peters Susan , Chipchase Lucy 
Published: November 2012

Background/aimOccupational therapists and physiotherapists have established roles in work‐related practice. However, there is limited information about the attributes required by these professions for competent practice in this field. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the research literature to determine the knowledge, skills and professional behaviours required by occupational therapists and physiotherapists, including new graduates, in work‐related practice.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of standard databases using keywords and phrases. All types of studies and reports were included from empirical research to descriptive reports. Included literature was appraised by standard critical appraisal tools by two reviewers. Words, phrases or themes related to the attributes required for work practice were manually extracted and a meta‐synthesis conducted.ResultsSeven observational studies, six professional practice guidelines, one book chapter, one journal editorial and seven opinion pieces met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies and descriptive reports were low on the evidence hierarchy. Meta‐synthesis determined that key attributes required by occupational therapists and physiotherapists in work‐related practice were knowledge of injury prevention and management, skills in communication, and professional behaviours of self‐reflection and evaluation.ConclusionFindings from this systematic review provided credible evidence about attributes required by occupational therapists and physiotherapists but not including new graduates, in work‐related practice. However, due to low evidence levels findings will need to be applied with caution. More rigorous research is needed to evaluate occupational therapy and physiotherapy workplace interventions to guide practice and to assist occupational therapists and physiotherapists promote the effectiveness of their services.