bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological parameters after nonpharmacological analgesia in preterm infants: a randomized trial
Authors: Gerull Roland , Cignacco Eva , Stoffel Liliane , Sellam Gila , Nelle Mathias 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the influence of three different nonpharmacological interventions on cortical activation, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2) after heelstick in preterm infants.MethodsTwenty five preterm infants between 24 0/7 and 32 0/7 weeks of gestational age were randomized to either oral sucrose (S), facilitated tucking (FT) or a combination of the two interventions (SFT) prior to five heelsticks each within the first 14 days of life. SaO2, heart rate and oxygenation of the somatosensory cortex, measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), were analysed.ResultsHundred and twenty five heelsticks were performed. The heart rate increased significantly after heelstick in all three intervention groups (p < 0.004 in all groups). The increase was higher in the FT group compared with the other groups (S: p = 0.007; SFT: p = 0.004). There was no difference among the two groups receiving sucrose (S and SFT; p = 0.87). SaO2 did not change significantly after heelstick in all intervention groups. Near infrared spectroscopy measurements did not show a significant change in the curve but patients in the FT group showed a trend towards higher average oxygenation of the contralateral somatosensory cortex.ConclusionOral sucrose seems to be more effective in reducing reaction to pain than FT. Application of both interventions did not show an additive effect.
Effect of clarithromycin in experimental empyema by multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Tsovolou Eirini‐Charikleia , Tzepi Ira‐Maria , Spyridaki Aikaterini , Tsaganos Thomas , Karagianni Vassiliki , Menenakos Evangelos , Liakou Paraskevi , Sabracos Lambros , Zografos George , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: May 2013

Evidence from a recent randomized study of our group suggests that intravenous clarithromycin resulted in earlier resolution of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. The need to understand the mechanism of action of clarithromycin guided to the study of a model of experimental empyema by multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 40 rabbits. Animals were randomized into controls (group A); treatment with clarithromycin (group B); treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (group C); and treatment with both agents (group D). Pleural fluid was collected at regular time intervals for quantitative culture, estimation of cell apoptosis and of concentrations of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα). After 7 days, animals were euthanized for estimation of tissue growth. Bacterial growth in the pleural fluid of group D was significantly decreased compared with the other groups on day 5. Lung growth of group D was lower than group A. That was also the case of cytokine stimulation by pleural fluid samples on U937 monocytes. It is concluded that administration of clarithromycin enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of piperacillin/tazobactam and decreased bacterial growth in the pleural fluid and in tissues. It also attenuated the pro‐inflammatory phenomena induced by the β‐lactam.
Clonal dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST512 carrying blaKPC‐3 in a hospital in southern Italy
Authors: Pulcrano Giovanna , Iula Dora Vita , de Luca Cristiana , Roscetto Emanuela , Vollaro Antonio , Rossano Fabio , Catania Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2013

Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC‐carbapenemase have emerged as one of the most important multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative nosocomial pathogens. Here, we report the first isolation and subsequent dissemination of a K. pneumoniae ST512 producing KPC‐3 carbapenemase in a hospital in southern Italy. Isolates were obtained from blood, throat swabs, sputum, catheters, and urine of patients admitted to different hospital wards. Antimicrobial MICs were determined for all isolates by automated systems and confirmed by Etest. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by the modified Hodge test and by a disc synergy test, and carbapenemase genes were investigated by PCR. All isolates were characterized by pulse‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. Most isolates were multidrug resistant with exception of some isolates intermediately susceptible to gentamicin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. PCR analysis showed that isolates harbored the blaKPC‐3 gene associated with blaTEM and blaSVH. PFGE and MLST showed that all isolates belonged to the same ST512 clone recently described in Israel.
Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: the key questions
Authors: D'Souza Anita , Ansell Stephen , Reeder Craig , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn this review, the key issues that pertain to Waldenström disease are discussed in a concise question‐and‐answer format. Diagnosis, prognosis, and indications for state‐of‐the‐art therapy are updated. Current therapies presented at the 7th International Workshop for Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia are included.
The mean fluorescence intensities of anti‐HLA antibodies detected using micro‐bead flow cytometry predict the risk of platelet transfusion refractoriness
Authors: Beligaswatte Ashanka , Tsiopelas Eleni , Humphreys Ian , Bennett Greg , Robinson Kathryn , Davis Ken , Bardy Peter 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThere are no accepted methods to predict the development of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) due to human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐alloimmunization. Hence, matched platelets are usually given only to patients demonstrating PTR, necessarily resulting in some ineffective random donor platelets (RDPLT) transfusions. To assess its utility in predicting PTR, we retrospectively tested samples from 387 patients receiving chemotherapy for acute leukaemia or autologous transplantation using a micro‐bead flow cytometry assay. The average of the mean fluorescence intensities (avgMFI) of the class I beads in the screening assay was correlated with outcomes of RDPLT transfusions during a 2 week period. Antibodies were detected in 57 patients; 66 developed PTR, of whom 28 were alloimmunized. avgMFI usefully predicted the development of PTR (area under the receiver operating curve 0·87, 95% confidence interval: 0·77–0·96). A logistic regression model estimated the probability of PTR to be >90% when avgMFI >5440. These results indicate that micro‐bead flow cytometry assays could inform a risk‐adapted strategy for managing thrombocytopaenic HLA allo‐immunized patients.
Effects of tobacco smoking on the survival rate of dental implants placed in areas of maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a systematic review
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Preshaw Philip M. , Ferreira José D. , Rodrigues José A. , Cassoni Alessandra , Shibli Jamil A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of smoking on the survival rate of dental implants placed in areas of maxillary sinus floor augmentation.Material and methodsThe Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched in duplicate up to, and including, October 2012 without language restrictions. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they involved the treatment of smokers and non‐smokers with titanium implants and sinus floor elevation procedures. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's quality assessment tool were used for the assessment of the risk of bias in included studies. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to assess the number of implants lost in smokers vs. number of implants lost in non‐smokers.ResultsOf 3360 potentially eligible papers, eight studies were included. More than half (62.5%) of the studies found that smoking adversely affects implant survival in sites of sinus floor augmentation. Similarly, the pooled analysis indicated a statistically significantly increased risk of implant failure in smokers when the outcomes of all studies available to be included into meta‐analysis were evaluated [RR: 1.87 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.58), P = 0.0001]. Conversely, a subgroup analysis including only prospective studies (3 studies) did not reveal significant differences in implant failure between smokers and non‐smokers [RR: 1.55 (95% CI: 0.91, 2.65), P = 0.11].ConclusionsAlthough smoking was associated with implant failure in most of individual studies and in the overall meta‐analysis, the detrimental effect of smoking was not confirmed when only prospective data were assessed.
Provider's Perspectives on Building Research and Quality Improvement Capacity in Primary Care: A Strategy to Improve Workforce Satisfaction
Authors: Zallman Leah , Tendulkar Shalini , Bhuyia Nazmim , Dube Blessing , Early Scott , Arredondo Melida , Puleo Rozanne , Sengupta Nandini , Alsan Burak , Hacker Karen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesSafety‐net populations are underrepresented in research and quality improvement (QI) studies despite the fact that safety‐net providers are uniquely positioned to engage in translational research. This study aimed to understand the current level of interest in, experience with, predicted career satisfaction associated with, and barriers experienced in conducting research and QI among primary care providers (PCPs) at 18 safety‐net practices in the Boston, Massachusetts area.MethodsThe Harvard Catalyst Safety‐net Infrastructure Initiative partnered with staff at a large academic public hospital system, including 15 primary care sites, to develop and administer an online survey. This survey was then adapted and administered at three other academically affiliated community health centers.ResultsOf the 260 providers surveyed, 136 (52%) responded. Nearly 80% reported interest in conducting either QI projects or clinical research and 95% of them believed it would enhance their career satisfaction. However, 63% did not report prior experience or training in research or QI and 93% reported at least one barrier to engagement.ConclusionWhile supporting safety‐net PCPs’ engagement in research and/or QI may improve career satisfaction there are numerous barriers that must be addressed to achieve this goal.
Drug‐induced hperpigemntation: a systematic review
Authors: Krause Walter 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundAcquired hyperpigmentation of the skin is sometimes interpreted as an adverse effect of drugs. Systematic studies are rare in the literature; predominantly case reports have been published. The present review provides evaluates the evidence for a causal relation.MethodsThe reports on a relationship between hyperpigmentation and drugs from 1970 until June 2012 found in MEDLINE and EMBASE were rated according to the SIGN grading system for clinical studies. In this system, the grade of evidence of each report is rated. The highest grade of evidence for each drug is cited.Results306 publications were included. They were predominantly case reports; only a small number of case series was available. Only very few case‐control‐studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found. For the majority of drugs, there was a low level of evidence for a causal relationship in drug‐induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship is likely only for prostaglandins, minocycline, phenothiazine, nicotine, and antimalarial drugs.ConclusionsThere is little evidence for drug‐induced hyperpigmentation. A causal relationship appears liklely only for a limited number of drugs.
Estimation and comparison of cumulative incidences of biliary self‐expandable metallic stent dysfunction accounting for competing risks
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Togawa Osamu , Kogure Hirofumi , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Tsujino Takeshi , Sasahira Naoki , Hirano Kenji , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Ito Yukiko , Sasaki Takashi , Mizuno Suguru , Toda Nobuo , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundSelf‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is widely carried out for distal malignant biliary obstruction, and survival analysis is used to evaluate the cumulative incidences of SEMS dysfunction (e.g. the Kaplan–Meier [KM] method and the log–rank test). However, these statistical methods might be inappropriate in the presence of ‘competing risks’ (here, death without SEMS dysfunction), which affects the probability of experiencing the event of interest (SEMS dysfunction); that is, SEMS dysfunction can no longer be observed after death. A competing risk analysis has rarely been done in studies on SEMS.Patients and MethodsWe introduced the concept of a competing risk analysis and illustrated its impact on the evaluation of SEMS outcomes using hypothetical and actual data. Our illustrative study included 476 consecutive patients who underwent SEMS placement for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction.ResultsA significant difference between cumulative incidences of SEMS dysfunction in male and female patients via theKM method (P = 0.044 by the log–rank test) disappeared after applying a competing risk analysis (P = 0.115 by Gray's test). In contrast, although cumulative incidences of SEMS dysfunction via the KM method were similar with and without chemotherapy (P = 0.647 by the log–rank test), cumulative incidence of SEMS dysfunction in the non‐chemotherapy group was shown to be significantly lower (P = 0.031 by Gray's test) in a competing risk analysis.ConclusionDeath as a competing risk event needs to be appropriately considered in estimating a cumulative incidence of SEMS dysfunction, otherwise analytical results may be biased.
Renal diseases in haemophilic patients: pathogenesis and clinical management
Authors: Esposito Pasquale , Rampino Teresa , Gregorini Marilena , Fasoli Gianluca , Gamba Gabriella , Canton Antonio Dal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHaemophilia A and B are geneticX‐linked bleeding disorders, caused by mutations in genes encoding factorsVIIIandIX, respectively. Clinical manifestations of haemophilia are spontaneous haemorrhage or acute bleeding caused by minor trauma, resulting in severe functional consequences that can culminate in a debilitating arthropathy. Life expectancy and quality of life of patients with haemophilia have dramatically improved over the last years, mainly for new therapeutic options and the awareness to the risk ofHCVandHIVinfections. Different clinical problems arise from this important change in history of patients with haemophilia. In particular, ageing‐related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer, and chronic viral infections are emerging as new challenges in this patient population. Among the different types of chronic illnesses, renal diseases are of special interest as they involve some difficult management issues. In fact, decisions regarding adequate preventive strategies and viral infection treatment, the choice of the dialytic modality, placement of vascular access and prescription of dialytic treatments are particularly complicated, because only few data are available. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of renal damage in patients with haemophilia, especially in those with blood‐transmitted viral infections, and the major issues about the management of renal diseases, including problems related to dialytic treatment and kidney transplantation, providing practical algorithms to guide the clinical decision‐making process.
Predicting bird song from space
Authors: Smith Thomas B. , Harrigan Ryan J. , Kirschel Alexander N. G. , Buermann Wolfgang , Saatchi Sassan , Blumstein Daniel T. , de Kort Selvino R. , Slabbekoorn Hans 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEnvironmentally imposed selection pressures are well known to shape animal signals. Changes in these signals can result in recognition mismatches between individuals living in different habitats, leading to reproductive divergence and speciation. For example, numerous studies have shown that differences in avian song may be a potent prezygotic isolating mechanism. Typically, however, detailed studies of environmental pressures on variation in animal behavior have been conducted only at small spatial scales. Here, we use remote‐sensing data to predict animal behavior, in this case, bird song, across vast spatial scales. We use remotely sensed data to predict the song characteristics of the little greenbul (Andropadus virens), a widely distributed African passerine, found across secondary and mature rainforest habitats and the rainforest‐savanna ecotone. Satellite data that captured ecosystem structure and function explained up to 66% of the variation in song characteristics. Song differences observed across habitats, including those between human‐altered and mature rainforest, have the potential to lead to reproductive divergence, and highlight the impacts that both natural and anthropogenic change may have on natural populations. Our approach offers a novel means to examine the ecological correlates of animal behavior across large geographic areas with potential applications to both evolutionary and conservation biology.
Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010
Authors: Legrand L. J. , Pitel P.‐H. Y. , Marcillaud‐Pitel C. J. , Cullinane A. A. , Couroucé A. M. , Fortier G. D. , Freymuth F. L. , Pronost S. L. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyThe Réseau d'Epidémio‐Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of RESPE to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (EIV) in France.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsFrom November 2005 to October 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the Frank Duncombe Laboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the HA1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through RESPE.ResultsOf the 920 samples submitted by RESPE‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for EIV, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐RESPE associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between February and May 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by RESPE‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the American lineage, Florida sublineage, Clade 1 and Clade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the Grosbois episode.ConclusionRESPE improved detection of EIV in France, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown.Potential relevanceImplementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of EIV.The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information.
Etanercept decreases the innate immune wounding response in psoriasis
Authors: Hata Tissa R. , Afshar Maryam , Miller Jeremiah , Two Aimee M. , Kotol Paul , Jackson Michelle , Alexandrescu Doru T. , Kabigting Filamer , Gerber Monika , Lai Yuping , Gallo Richard L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCathelicidin is increased when normal skin is injured and in psoriasis lesions where it has been suggested to play a pivotal role in inflammation through interactions with self‐DNA and toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) in keratinocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Because of etanercept's success in treating psoriasis, we hypothesized that etanercept may suppress TLR‐9 and cathelicidin induction. Examination of experimentally induced wounds of psoriatic lesional and non‐lesional skin, and comparison with wounded normal skin, shows that the induction of cathelicidin and TLR‐9 is greatly enhanced in lesional psoriatic skin. Six weeks of etanercept appears not to affect the baseline expression of cathelicidin or TLR‐9, but does blunt the induction of cathelicidin in psoriasis with wounding. These findings support the role of cathelicidin in the enhancement of local inflammation in psoriasis and may partially explain one of the mechanisms enabling TNF‐α inhibitors to successfully treat this disorder.
Mast cell activity in the healing wound: more than meets the eye?
Authors: Wulff Brian C. , Wilgus Traci A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMast cells (MCs) are an important part of the innate immune system and are abundant in barrier organs such as the skin. They are known primarily for initiating allergic reactions, but many other biological functions have now been described for these cells. Studies have indicated that during wound repair, MCs enhance acute inflammation, stimulate reepithelialization and angiogenesis, and promote scarring. MCs have also been linked to abnormal healing, with high numbers of MCs observed in chronic wounds, hypertrophic scars and keloids. Although MCs have gained attention in the wound healing field, several unique features of MCs have yet to be examined in the context of cutaneous repair. These include the ability of MCs to: (i) produce anti‐inflammatory mediators; (ii) release mediators without degranulating; and (iii) change their phenotype. Recent findings highlight the complexity of MCs and suggest that more information is needed to understand their complete range of activities during repair.
Dominance‐based rough set theory over interval‐valued information systems
Authors: Sun Bingzhen , Ma Weimin , Gong Zengtai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a new generalization of classical real‐valued information systems, that is, interval‐valued information systems. By defining an interval‐valued dominance relation on a condition attribute, a rough set model and attribute reduction are established over interval‐valued information systems. Moreover, several interesting properties are investigated by constructive approach. Furthermore, knowledge reductions of consistent and inconsistent interval‐valued dominance decision information systems are studied, respectively. Subsequently, some descriptive theorems of knowledge reduction are presented for interval‐valued dominance decision information systems. Finally, the validity of the model and conclusions is verified by numerical example.