bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the ratio Mo/Cr in the precipitation and distribution of carbides in alloyed nodular iron
Authors: Rivero H.D. , García José .A. , Atlatenco E. Cándido , Basso Alejandro D. , Sicora J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis investigation deals with the effect of 2/0, 1/1 and 1/0.5 Cr/Mo ratios on the local fraction, distribution and the comparative size of carbides precipitated in cast nodular iron. “Y” block castings with a thickness of 1.5 cm are cast in green sand molds. Two samples are cut from each casting, one located on the center and another on the wall. The carbide volume fraction is evaluated by a digital analysis system. Each sample is analyzed in three zones: bottom, middle and top. Carbide mappings are generated according to the average local carbide fraction in order to get the distribution of carbides on the casting. Results show that higher volume fractions of carbides precipitate for the ratio 2/0 of Cr/Mo with values between 28.5 and 19.5%. The lowest fraction of carbides is presented in nodular iron alloyed with a Cr/Mo ratio of 1/1 between 6.5 and 4.6%. Also a very heterogeneous distribution of the carbides is observed in the three alloys and massive carbides are observed in the last freezing zone of the castings.
Planar integrated plasmonic mid-IR spectrometer
Authors: Rezaie Farnood K. , Fredericksen Chris J. , Buchwald Walter R. , Cleary Justin W. , Smith Evan M. , Rezadad Imen , Nath Janardan , Figueiredo Pedro , Shahzad Monas , Boroumand Javaneh , Yesiltas Mehmet , Medhi Gautam , Davis Andrew , Peale Robert E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA compact spectrometer-on-a-chip featuring a plasmonic molecular interaction region has been conceived, designed, modeled, and partially fabricated. The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) system is the chosen platform for the integration. The low loss of both silicon and SiO2 between 3 and 4 μm wavelengths enables silicon waveguides on SiO2 as the basis for molecular sensors at these wavelengths. Important characteristic molecular vibrations occur in this range, namely the bond stretching modes C-H (Alkynes), O-H (monomeric alcohols, phenols) and N-H (Amines), as well as CO double bonds, NH2, and CN. The device consists of a broad-band infrared LED, photonic waveguides, photon-to-plasmon transformers, a molecular interaction region, dispersive structures, and detectors. Photonic waveguide modes are adiabatically converted into SPPs on a neighboring metal surface by a tapered waveguide. The plasmonic interaction region enhances optical intensity, which allows a reduction of the overall device size without a reduction of the interaction length, in comparison to ordinary optical methods. After the SPPs propagate through the interaction region, they are converted back into photonic waveguide modes by a second taper. The dispersing region consists of a series of micro-ring resonators with photodetectors coupled to each resonator. Design parameters were optimized via electro-dynamic simulations. Fabrication was performed using a combination of photo- and electron-beam-lithography together with standard silicon processing techniques.
Effect of Alloy Composition & Helium ion-irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Tungsten, Tungsten-Tantalum & Tungsten-Rhenium for Fusion Power Applications
Authors: Beck Christian E. , Roberts Steve G. , Edmondson Philip D. , Armstrong David E. J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTModel alloys have been made of pure W and 1% & 5% W-Ta and W-Re. Indentation hardness and modulus data were obtained by nanoindentation to assess the effect of composition on mechanical properties. Results showed that both the Ta and Re compositions hardened with increasing alloy content, greater in the W-5%Ta composition which showed an increase of 1.03GPa (17%), compared to a 0.43GPa (7%) increase in W-5%Re. The samples also showed very small increases in modulus of ∼ 25GPa (6%) in both W-5%Re and W-5%Ta. The samples were implanted with 3000appm concentration of helium. All samples show a substantial increase in hardness of up to 107% in the case of pure W. An appreciable difference in modulus is also seen in all samples. Initial TEM work has shown no visible He bubbles, suggesting that the mechanical properties changes are due to He-vacancy cluster formation below the resolvable limit.
Variations of Internal Stresses within a Rafted Superalloy during High Temperature Mechanical Testing: An in situ XRD Study
Authors: Jacques Alain , Dirand Laura , Schenk Thomas , Chateau-Cornu Jean Philippe , Ferry Olivier , Bastie Pierre 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTModeling of the mechanical behavior of a two-phased material, even with a simple microstructure such as a single crystal superalloy remains a difficult task, for lack of phase specific experimental data. The combination of Three Crystal Diffractometry with high energy synchrotron radiation and in situ experiments can give access to such data in real time. A few examples are given on load transfer between phases, dislocation densities, and the stress – strain behavior of a phase.
Phase Transformations in physical mixtures of Pd-Cu nanoparticles
Authors: Mukundan Vineetha , Yin Jun , Zhong Chuan-Jian , Malis Oana 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe temperature induced structural transformations in physical mixtures of 1nm palladium and ultrafine (∼0.5nm) copper nanoparticles supported on carbon were studied using in-situ real time synchrotron based x-ray diffraction. These nanoparticles were subjected to two-step thermal annealing from 25°C to 700°C. The Pd and Cu nanoparticles were found to coalesce forming alloy nanoparticles that subsequently undergo a structural phase transformation from ordered B2 to disordered fcc. The random alloy formed at the end of the thermal treatments was found to be copper-rich.
Massive Gingival Fibrous Lesion Excision Using Acellular Dermal Matrix for Gingival Regeneration: A Case Report
Authors: Eskan Mehmet Akif , Greenwell Henry 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Localized gingival fibrous lesions (GFLs) can be esthetically disfiguring and may be associated with specific local, systemic, or unknown factors. Treatment of GFLs includes wide excision of the lesion, followed by the often difficult task of restoring soft‐tissue function and esthetics. This case report describes the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for wound coverage after lesion removal.Case Presentation: A 50‐year‐old African‐American female presented with a very large, facially located, GFL between teeth #10 and #11. She reported that a similar lesion had been removed twice before this recurrence. No local irritants were noted that might be associated with this type of lesion. The lesion was excised, including periosteum, leaving a large area of denuded bone that was covered with ADM. This resulted in regeneration of the gingiva and provided an excellent esthetic outcome for the patient.Conclusions: There was no evidence of recurrence of the lesion in the first 15 months. The etiology of the lesion is unknown, and it was difficult to classify histologically using the current classification system for these lesions. Using ADM improved postoperative pain management, facilitated healing of the denuded bone, and resulted in an acceptable functional and esthetic regeneration of the gingiva.
The Competence Part of a High Integrity Process
Authors: Lovell Sandra , Hill Peter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Managing operator competence is a critical part of managing overall safety of an asset. Wherever people interface with complex work systems, skilled performance and system knowledge are vital to operational integrity. Increasingly, regulators are demanding that operators demonstrate, through their safety case, how they are minimising the risk of human failure, from design of the asset through to operations. Key to managing this risk is a robust competence management system; one which provides an integrated set of safety critical operational activities and maintenance tasks carried out in the organisation.
Industry leaders agree that assurance of systematic process safety competence requires board-level ownership. Board members and senior leaders need to demonstrate and invest in good competence management practices at the individual level. They also need to know what processes and practices are vulnerable at any given moment.
Proactively managing process safety competence can be demonstrated through a Competency Management System, which incorporates recruitment requirements, site induction materials, training courses, risk assessment tools (e.g. HAZIDs, Bow-ties, HAZOPs), human error analyses and training needs analyses. The right merging of these to underpin competence is a critical part of a site’s overall management of major accident hazards.
This paper discusses the practicalities of building and refining a Competency Management System, to enable owners to better manage process safety through demonstrated competence.
Ten Golden Rules For Developing Robust Bowties
Authors: Ramsden Martyn , Taylor Mark , Steer Rob , Bennett Rachel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Ten rules are presented to assist in the development of robust bowtie diagrams, providing clarity, definition and guidance to ensure that the objectives of the study are met.
Bowtie diagrams are a well-established and increasingly widespread tool for risk management, providing a concise summary of a complex process safety situation. Experience of reviewing bowtie diagrams has made clear that the quality and depth of bowtie diagrams are extremely variable. These problems may stem from a lack of clarity around the objectives of the bowtie exercise, with no clear understanding of the ultimate use to which a bowtie will be put. Problems may also arise from a lack of understanding or loose definition of the various component parts of a bowtie. A lack of rigor identifying barriers may result in an overestimate of the strength and number of safeguards.
For this reason, ten ‘golden rules’ are presented for ensuring robust bowtie diagrams. These rules provide: clarification of the objectives of the exercise; guidance on choosing clear study boundaries; definition of the elements of bowties; and clarity on what constitutes a barrier. In addition the rules provide guidance about the incorporation of human factors; an area prone either to neglect or over-simplification.
Whilst the concept of a bowtie diagram is simple to grasp, producing bowties which are of a consistent standard is notoriously difficult. The rules presented in this paper provide a framework for standardizing and quality-checking bowties, with the intention of improving their effectiveness in managing major hazards.
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase–Overexpressing Transgenic Rice is Resistant to Drought Stress
Authors: Yun Young Beom , Park Jong In , Choi Hyun Sug , Jung Ha‐il , Jang Se Ji , Back Kyoungwhan , Kuk Yong In 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTransgenic rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Dongjin’) lines, AP37 and MX, overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana and Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), respectively, were examined for their physiological responses and tolerance mechanism to drought stress. AP37 and MX lines were previously confirmed to be resistant to PPO inhibitors. Transgenic AP37 and MX plants showed significantly improved drought tolerance, as indicated by higher water content, lower leaf injury, less oxidative damage, and more favorable redox balance compared to wild‐type (WT) plants. The magnesium‐protoporphyrin IX (Mg‐Proto IX) content of WT and the transgenic lines did not vary significantly with the drought treatments, but MX lines had higher Mg‐Proto IX methyl ester (ME) content after 90 h of drought treatment compared to WT and AP37. In addition, the expression of most genes involved in porphyrin biosynthesis, particularly in the chlorophyll branch, such as glutamyl‐tRNA reductase, glutamate‐1‐semialdehyde aminotransferase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1, Fe‐chelatase2, H‐subunit of Mg‐chelatase, and I‐subunit of Mg‐chelatase, was up‐regulated in the transgenic plants, and this up‐regulation was higher in AP37 than in MX. Overall, the AP37 transgenic line was found to show better drought tolerance than the MX transgenic line.
Soybean Germplasm Resistant to Pythium irregulare and Molecular Mapping of Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci derived from the Soybean Accession PI 424354
Authors: Ellis Margaret L. , McHale Leah K. , Paul Pierce A. , St. Martin Steven K. , Dorrance Anne E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPythium irregulare Buisman is an important seed and seedling pathogen of many hosts including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and has been increasingly linked to reports of stand losses. The objectives of this research were to identify sources of resistance to P. irregulare, characterize the type of resistance identified, and genetically map the resistance. Sixty‐five soybean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to two isolates of P. irregulare, and approximately one‐third had moderate to high levels of resistance. The PI 424354 had the highest levels of resistance to P. irregulare, and resistance was mapped in two three‐way cross populations: ‘OHS 303’ (moderately susceptible) × (‘Williams’ (moderately susceptible) × PI 424354) and ‘Dennison’ (moderately susceptible) × (Williams × PI 424354). Resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) with alleles from PI 424354 were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 6 in OHS 303 × (Williams × PI 424354) using composite interval mapping (CIM) for root weights and root rot scores. Resistance QTL from PI 424354 were also mapped on chromosomes 8 and 11 with CIM for root weight data in the Dennison × (Williams × PI 424354) population and chromosome 13 using root rot scores. Each QTL explained 7.9 to 17.8% of the phenotypic variation. These are the first reported putative QTL for resistance to P. irregulare in soybean.
Relationship of Line per se and Testcross Performance for Grain Yield of Tropical Maize in Drought and Well‐Watered Trials
Authors: Kebede Aida Z. , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Cairns Jill E. , Araus José Luis , Makumbi Dan , Atlin Gary N. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTo optimize the efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) drought breeding, the ability to predict testcross performance (TP) under drought stress using line per se performance (LP) of the parental inbreds would be useful. We evaluated LP and TP of tropical inbreds in well‐watered and drought environments in Kenya and Mexico. Our main objective was to determine if LP under drought stress was predictive of TP for grain yield under drought stress and if selection for LP under drought stress would result in reduced yield potential for TP under well‐watered conditions. Average yield reduction under drought stress was 77% for lines and 68% for testcrosses. Average genotypic correlations between lines and testcrosses under drought stress were positive and low (genotypic correlation = 0.48), but correlations increased with increasing levels of drought stress in both LP and TP trials. Averaged over all sets, indirect selection for LP was predicted to be only 57% as effective as direct selection for TP under drought stress but was on average substantially higher in testcross sets where yield reduction due to drought was 70% or more. Therefore, LP under drought stress could be used to develop hybrids for severely drought‐prone environments. Moreover, LP under drought stress was uncorrelated with TP for grain yield under well‐watered conditions, showing that selection of lines per se for drought tolerance would likely not reduce yield potential of testcrosses.
Coefficient of Parentage in Coffea arabica L. Cultivars Grown in Brazil
Authors: Setotaw Tesfahun Alemu , Caixeta Eveline Teixeira , Pereira Antônio Alves , de Oliveira Antonio Carlos Baião , Cruz Cosme Damião , Zambolim Eunize Maciel , Zambolim Laércio , Sakiyama Ney Sussumu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe coefficient of parentage among 121 cultivars of Coffea arabica L. in Brazil released from 1939 to 2009 was estimated and used to study the genetic diversity and the breeding pattern of the breeding programs. A low genetic diversity was observed within the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil. The genetic base of 121 cultivars released in Brazil between 1939 and 2009 was defined by 13 ancestors. Seven ancestors contribute with 97.55% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars. Bourbon Vermelho contributed with 52.76% for the genetic pool of the C. arabica cultivars of Brazil followed by Sumatra (19.05%) and Híbrido de Timor (11.59%). Mundo Novo and Icatu Vermelho contributed with 87.65% for the genetic base of the C. arabica cultivars. It was calculated that 97.55% of the genetic base of the Brazilian C. arabica cultivars is derived from seven ancestors, indicating a narrow genetic base. Among the first progenies, Mundo Novo contributed with 69.39% of the genetic base of C. arabica cultivars in Brazil. The increase in the genetic diversity among C. arabica cultivars observed in recent decades is due to the introduction of parental lines with diverse genetic base. High genetic diversity was observed among cultivars released by Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais/Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Fundação Procafé, and Instituto Agronômico do Paraná. The 121 Brazilian cultivars were clustered into four groups based on coefficient of parentage. The distributions of genotypes over the cluster groups showed the effect of parental line contribution.
Influence of Three Nitrogen Fertilization Schedules on Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum: II. Carbohydrates and Crude Protein in Stolons
Authors: Rimi Filippo , Macolino Stefano , Richardson Michael D. , Karcher Douglas E. , Leinauer Bernd 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn the transition zone, a primary concern in managing warm‐season turfgrasses is turf survival under low temperatures. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of three N fertilization schedules on stolon carbohydrates and crude protein (CP) reserves of four bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and a seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.). A field trial was performed at the agricultural experimental farm of Padova University (northeastern Italy). Bermudagrass cultivars Princess‐77, Riviera, SWI 1014, and Yukon and seashore paspalum ‘Sea Spray’ were compared under three N fertilization schedules: (i) 6.7 g N m–2 on 15 May, 15 June, and 15 August, (ii) 5 g N m–2 on 15 May, 15 June, 15 August, and 15 October, and (iii) 4 g N m–2 on 15 May, 15 June, 15 August, 15 September, and 15 October. Turf samples measuring 20 by 20 by 4 (depth) cm were collected monthly from September to April 2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011. The stolons were separated from the remainder of the samples and starch, water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and CP were determined on a dry matter basis. The bermudagrass cultivar Riviera was characterized by high stolon density and showed highest carbohydrates (starch and WSC) content along with Yukon. Late‐season applications of N had limited influence on carbohydrates content but increased the concentrations of CP from November through April.
DISCUSSION OF: Knowing Versus Telling Private Information About a Rival
Authors: Nanda Dhananjay (DJ) 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Bagnoli and Watts (2013) show that a firm will always disclose its private information when this information solely affects its rival's product market decisions. This result is robust to different competitive scenarios (Cournot or Bertrand competition), features (product heterogeneity or private information quantity), and levels of commitment (ex ante or ex post). I highlight how this result fits in the accounting disclosure literature, describe the intuition behind the theory, and discuss its implications for future work.
Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society
Authors: Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Anderson John , Childs Belinda , Cryer Philip , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , Fish Lisa , Heller Simon R. , Rodriguez Henry , Rosenzweig James , Vigersky Robert 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
To review the evidence about the impact of hypoglycemia on patients with diabetes that has become available since the past reviews of this subject by the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society and to provide guidance about how this new information should be incorporated into clinical practice.

PARTICIPANTS
Five members of the American Diabetes Association and five members of The Endocrine Society with expertise in different aspects of hypoglycemia were invited by the Chair, who is a member of both, to participate in a planning conference call and a 2-day meeting that was also attended by staff from both organizations. Subsequent communications took place via e-mail and phone calls. The writing group consisted of those invitees who participated in the writing of the manuscript. The workgroup meeting was supported by educational grants to the American Diabetes Association from Lilly USA, LLC and Novo Nordisk and sponsorship to the American Diabetes Association from Sanofi. The sponsors had no input into the development of or content of the report.

EVIDENCE
The writing group considered data from recent clinical trials and other studies to update the prior workgroup report. Unpublished data were not used. Expert opinion was used to develop some conclusions.

CONSENSUS PROCESS
Consensus was achieved by group discussion during conference calls and face-to-face meetings, as well as by iterative revisions of the written document. The document was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association’s Professional Practice Committee in October 2012 and approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in November 2012 and was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society’s Clinical Affairs Core Committee in October 2012 and by Council in November 2012.

CONCLUSIONS
The workgroup reconfirmed the previous definitions of hypoglycemia in diabetes, reviewed the implications of hypoglycemia on both short- and long-term outcomes, considered the implications of hypoglycemia on treatment outcomes, presented strategies to prevent hypoglycemia, and identified knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future research. In addition, tools for patients to report hypoglycemia at each visit and for clinicians to document counseling are provided.
Update on the Antimicrobial Management of Foot Infections in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Matsuura Gregory T. , Barg Neil 
Published: April 2013

IN BRIEF
Foot infections are common problems in patients with diabetes and can lead to devastating complications and long-term morbidity. Although these infections invariably start in superficial soft tissues, they can involve deeper structures, including bone. Complications may include necrotizing fasciitis, soft tissue gangrene, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. This article reviews the factors involved in appropriate antibiotic selection and describes antimicrobial agents included in recently updated treatment guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Microwave-assisted oxidation of alcohols by hydrogen peroxide catalysed by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate
Authors: Galica Mateusz , Kasprzyk Wiktor , Bednarz Szczepan , Bogdał Dariusz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis work deals with catalytic activity of tetrabutylammonium decatungstate(VI) in the oxidation of selected alcohols with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant using 1,2-dichloroethane/water or acetonitrile/water as a solvent system. Different forms of heating were compared. The highest conversions of substrates were achieved in the two phase system acetonitrile/water using microwave irradiation combined with elevated pressure. Finally, optimum parameters for these reactions in a microwave pressurised reactor were established and discussed.