bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic metabolic engineering-a novel, simple technology for designing a chimeric metabolic pathway
Authors: Ye Xiaoting , Honda Kohsuke , Sakai Takaaki , Okano Kenji , Omasa Takeshi , Hirota Ryuichi , Kuroda Akio , Ohtake Hisao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of biotechnology into chemical manufacturing has been recognized as a key technology to build a sustainable society. However, the practical applications of biocatalytic chemical conversions are often restricted due to their complexities involving the unpredictability of product yield and the troublesome controls in fermentation processes. One of the possible strategies to overcome these limitations is to eliminate the use of living microorganisms and to use only enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway. Use of recombinant mesophiles producing thermophilic enzymes at high temperature results in denaturation of indigenous proteins and elimination of undesired side reactions; consequently, highly selective and stable biocatalytic modules can be readily prepared. By rationally combining those modules together, artificial synthetic pathways specialized for chemical manufacturing could be designed and constructed.ResultsA chimeric Embden-Meyerhof (EM) pathway with balanced consumption and regeneration of ATP and ADP was constructed by using nine recombinantE. colistrains overproducing either one of the seven glycolytic enzymes ofThermus thermophilus, the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase ofPyrococcus horikoshii, or the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ofThermococcus kodakarensis. By coupling this pathway with theThermusmalate/lactate dehydrogenase, a stoichiometric amount of lactate was produced from glucose with an overall ATP turnover number of 31.ConclusionsIn this study, a novel and simple technology for flexible design of a bespoke metabolic pathway was developed. The concept has been testified via a non-ATP-forming chimeric EM pathway. We designated this technology as “synthetic metabolic engineering”. Our technology is, in principle, applicable to all thermophilic enzymes as long as they can be functionally expressed in the host, and thus would be potentially applicable to the biocatalytic manufacture of any chemicals or materials on demand.
Can we use medicolegal experience to improve management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Authors: Buchanan I , Weatherby M , Weatherby S 
Published: September 2012

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) causes high mortality and morbidity. Learning lessons from litigation are a standard aspect of risk management in many industries. This study, therefore, examined data from the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) on SAH to determine its usefulness in informing clinical risk management. Under the Freedom of Information Act, the NHSLA database was interrogated for cases of SAH. Data were retrieved from 1995 to 2008. Over this period, 126 cases relating to SAH were reported, 102 of which were closed. Damages were awarded in 64 cases, totalling £13.5 million. Seven claimants, associated with a high cost of continuing care, were awarded more than £0.5 million. Mean damages awarded were circa £211k. The majority of successful claims related to failure/delay to diagnose or treat. On average, 10 cases of SAH were reported annually to the NHSLA. The rate of successful litigation was circa 1:769 presenting cases of SAH. Using lessons learned from litigation to manage risk requires good quality-supporting data. Information in the NHSLA database is limited and precludes detailed root-cause analysis. The initial concept of the NHSLA database as a claims management tool perhaps represents a lost opportunity.
The Effect on Implant Fixation of Soaking Tricalcium Phosphate Granules in Bisphosphonate
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Baas Jørgen , Bechtold Joan E , Elmengaard Brian , Søballe Kjeld 
Published: September 2012

The use of bone grafting is a well-established way to enhance initial implant fixation in situations with reduced bone stock. Ceramic bone substitutes are inferior alternatives to autogenous or allogeneic bone graft. Improvement of bone graft substitutes is needed. We investigated whether biomechanical implant fixation and osseointegration of experimental implant grafted with β-TCP granules (Conduit) could be improved by soaking the β-TCP granules in bisphosphonate (zoledronate).In 10 dogs, a pair of titanium coated implants surrounded by a 2.5 mm gap was inserted into the proximal part of each tibia. The gap was grafted with β-TCP granules either soaked with zoledronate or saline. At 12 weeks, the implants were evaluated with biomechanical push-out test and histomorphometrical analysis.We found that bisphosphonate increased one of the three biomechanical parameters, but found no difference in the amount of new bone or β-TCP granules between the two treatment groups.This study indicates that local treatment of β-TCP granules with zoledronate not only has the potential to increase implant fixation but also calls for further experimental research in order to optimize the dose of zoledronate.
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b is a Useful Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Recurrence Detection of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Shinozaki Tetsuya , Saito Kenichi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Yanagawa Takashi , Takagishi Kenji 
Published: September 2012

Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5b was investigated for use as a marker for diagnosis of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone and for detection of its recurrence.Four patients with GCT of bone who were initially referred to our hospital were classified as a primary group. Three patients who had local recurrence following curettage were classified as a local recurrence group. Five with no recurrence were classified as a no-recurrence group. Eighteen patients with primary and metastatic malignant bone tumors were also enrolled in the study as a control group. Serum TRACP 5b was measured before the biopsy in all patients and was measured periodically after the operation in patients with GCT of bone. Studentt-tests were used for statistical analyses.TRACP 5b was greater than 1500 Um/dL in all primary group patients. Mean TRACP 5b values decreased gradually with post-operative time, showing lower values until local recurrence. The mean value of TRACP 5b of the local recurrence group (753 ± 68.7 mU/dL) was significantly higher than that of the no-recurrence group (340.6 ± 78.3 mU/dL). The mean value of TRACP 5b of the control group (466.9 ± 130.3 mU/dL) was much lower than that of the primary group and markedly lower than that of the local recurrence group. However, no significant difference was found between the no-recurrence group and the control group.Serum TRACP 5b is a useful and convenient marker for diagnosing GCT of bone and for predicting its recurrence.
Comparative Analysis of Haemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Production Against Three Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Shil N C , Mahmud M S , Amin M M , Hossain M Anwar 
Published: September 2012

The comparative analysis of haemagglutination Inhibitation (HI)-antibody production against three lentogenic Newcastle disease virus vaccines BCRDV (F-strain), Izovac B1 Hitchner ® (B1 strain) and Cevac New L® (LaSota strain) was analyzed in broiler chicks. For this, three groups A, B and C, each consisted of 30 birds were vaccinated with single dosage at day 9 and the other group of 10 birds was maintained as unvaccinated control. Sera samples obtained randomly from 10 birds of each group on the day 17, 20, 28 and 32 and the HI titers estimated. Maternally derived antibody persisted to a maximum level of 17 day and than declined to minimum or none. The results revealed that vaccination of young birds with locally produced BCRDV by the Department of Livestock Service elevated HI antibody at comparable level with that of commercially available vaccine Izovac B1 Hitchner and Cevac New L®. The F value preformed with mean±SD of 17, 20, 28 and 32 days appeared non significant among the HI titers of the birds vaccinated with BCRDV, Izovac B1 Hitchner® (B1 strain) and Cevac New L®. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11808 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 41-43
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Against Some Food Borne Pathogens
Authors: Hoque M Mahfuzul , Rattila Shemona , Shishir M Asaduzzaman , Bari M L , Inatsu Y , Kawamoto S 
Published: September 2012

The ethanol extract of Betel leaf (Piper betle L.), an indigenous climber plant of Bangladesh was screened for its antibacterial activity against some foodborne pathogens viz. Vibrio cholerae ATCC 6395, E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157:H7 NCTC 12049, Shigella dysenteriae-1 MJ-84 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Experimental findings revealed that the ethanol extract of betel leaves potentially inhibit the growth of these foodborne pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ranged from 0.625% (w/v) to 0.75% (w/v). The ethanol extract of betel leaf showed the highest MIC values for E. coli ATCC 25922 (0.625 mm), Vibrio cholera ATCC 6395 (0.625 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (0.625 mm). It was revealed that the antibacterial activity was highest at around neutral pH and at moderate temperature. The highest temperature (100°C) and the pH (10.0) treated ethanol extract showed a little less activity than the maximum activity at moderate temperature and at neutral pH, suggesting that the ethanol extract of the betel leaf was to some extent high temperature and high pH tolerant. The ethanol extract of betel leaf might have a potential application as natural food preservative to improve the microbiological safety of the foods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11817 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 58-63
Production Bacteriosin by Rhizobia obtained from Root nodules of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Horse Gram)
Authors: Edulamudi Prabhavati , Masilamani Anthony Johnson Antony , Divi Venkata Ramana Sai Gopal , Konada Veera Mallaiah 
Published: September 2012

Thirty two Rhizobium isolates obtained from the root nodules of Horse gram plants grown in 32 different soil samples collected from various regions in Andhra Pradesh, India. They were identified as rhizobia by nodulation test. These isolates were used to study the production of bacteriocins. All the isolates produced bacteriocins against the remaining isolates. The isolates HGR-4 and 9 showed maximum activity/inhibition zone among all the isolates, and also found to be inhibiting more number of isolates than that of other bacteriocin producing isolates. The bacteriocin protein substance produced by the isolates HGR-4 and 9 showed a molecular weight of ~ 50 kDa by SDS-AGE and bacteriocin plasmids molecular weight is > 22 kb and 24 kb. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11820 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 76-79
Detection of ipaH gene in Large Plasmid of Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Sources of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Fahmina , Fakruddin M , Azmuda Nafisa , Begum Anowara , Birkeland Nils Kare , SKhan Sirajul Islam , Akhter Humaira 
Published: September 2012

Large plasmid (more than 100 MDa) plays a significant role in Escherichia coli virulence as many virulent genes including the ipaH are encoded by large plasmids. Characterization of such large plasmid of E. coli from different sources based on ipaH gene has not yet been reported with success and credible reproducibility in Bangladesh. Forty E. coli isolates of environmental, clinical, avian, and mammalian sources were examined to detect the presence of large plasmids. Among them, plasmids recovered from 32 isolates were found to range between 100 and 145 MDa in size. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates against 17 different antibiotics showed that most of them were resistant to more than 6 antibiotics and thus were designated multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) strains. Out of 32 isolates, 10 were (3 clinical, 5 environmental, 1 avian and 1 mammalian source) found to possess a gene product of 423 bp size after PCR assay from plasmid DNA. Southern hybridization was carried out with ipaH probes and the results revealed the presence of band of correct size in both large plasmid DNA and in chromosomal DNA. Presence of the appropriate gene product in newly discharged environmental E. coli strains questions the credibility of using these bacteria as an indicator of water pollution in tropical countries like Bangladesh. The innovative approaches employed in this investigation regarding characterization of large plasmid based on the presence of ipaH gene in E. coli isolates from environmental, clinical, avian and mammalian sources opened up avenues for challenging research in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11822 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 84-87
Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh: A case-control study
Authors: Kashem M A , Hashem M A , Kabir M H B , Uddin M I , Hasan B 
Published: September 2012

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1(VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11823 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91
Ribosomal DNA distribution and a genus‐wide phylogeny reveal patterns of chromosomal evolution in Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae)
Authors: Chacón Juliana , Sousa Aretuza , Baeza Carlos M. , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the study: Understanding the flexibility of monocot genomes requires a phylogenetic framework, which so far is available for few of the ca. 2800 genera. Here we use a molecular tree for the South American genus Alstroemeria to place karyological information, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) signals, in an explicit evolutionary context.• Methods: From a phylogeny based on plastid, nuclear, and mitochondrial sequences for most species of Alstroemeria, we selected early‐branching (Chilean) and derived (Brazilian) species for which we obtained 18S‐25S and 5S rDNA FISH signals; we also analyzed chromosome numbers, 1C‐values, and telomere FISH signals (in two species).• Key results: Chromosome counts for Alstroemeria cf. rupestris and A. pulchella confirm 2n = 16 as typical of the genus, which now has chromosomes counted for 29 of its 78 species. The rDNA sites are polymorphic both among and within species, and interstitial telomeric sites in Alstroemeria cf. rupestris suggest chromosome fusion.• Conclusions: In spite of a constant chromosome number, closely related species of Alstroemeria differ drastically in their rDNA, indicating rapid increase, decrease, or translocations of these genes. Previously proposed Brazilian and Chilean karyotype groups are not natural, and the n = 8 chromosomes in Alstroemeria compared to n = 9 in its sister genus Bomarea may result from a Robertsonian fusion.
Robot-assisted Implantation Improves the Precision of Component Position in Minimally Invasive TKA
Authors: Kim Sang-Min , Park Youn-Soo , Ha Chul-Won , Lim Seung-Jae , Moon Young-Wan 
Published: September 2012

Minimally invasive and robot-assisted procedures have potential advantages when used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this cadaveric study was to examine whether robot-assisted minimally invasive procedures improve TKA alignment after modifying the robotic techniques and instruments.
Total knee arthroplasties were performed on 10 pairs of fresh cadaveric femora. Ten knees were replaced using the robot-assisted minimally invasive technique and 10 using the conventional minimally invasive technique. After prosthesis implantation, limb and prosthesis alignments were investigated by measuring mechanical axis deviation, femoral and tibial sagittal and coronal inclination, and femoral rotational alignment with 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. Postoperative alignment accuracy of the implanted prostheses was better in the robot-assisted minimally invasive TKA group than in the conventional minimally invasive TKA group as judged by the rotational alignment of the femoral component (0.7°±″.3° vs 3.6°±2.2°, respectively) and the tibial component sagittal angle (7.8°±1.1° vs 5.5°±3.6°, respectively). One sagittal inclination outlier for the tibial side existed in the robotic minimally invasive TKA group, and 2 outliers for the mechanical axis, 2 for the tibial side sagittal inclination, and 2 for the femoral rotational alignment existed in the conventional minimally invasive TKA group.
Higher implanted prostheses accuracy and fewer outliers in postoperative radiographic alignments can be attained with robot-assisted TKA. Minimally invasive TKA in combination with an improved robot-assisted technique is an alternative option to compensate for the shortcomings of conventional minimally invasive TKA.
Distal Ulna Hook Plate Fixation for Unstable Distal Ulna Fracture Associated With Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Lee Sang Ki , Kim Kap Jung , Park Ju Sang , Choy Won Sik 
Published: September 2012

The significance of distal ulna fractures is often undermined, which can result in inadequate treatment compared with fractures of the radius, the ulna’s larger counterpart. However, little guidance exists in the current literature on how to manage distal ulna head or neck fractures and intra-articular ulna head fractures. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of distal ulna hook plate fixation for the treatment of an unstable distal ulna fracture associated with a distal radius fracture.
Twenty-five patients with unstable distal ulna fractures who underwent stable fixation for an associated distal radius fracture were included in the study. All patients achieved satisfactory reduction and bony union. Average final motion was as follows: wrist flexion, 72° (range, 60°–85°); extension, 69° (range, 65°–80°); pronation, 77° (range, 55°–95°); supination, 82° (range, 65°–90°); ulnar deviation, 35° (range, 15°–50°); and radial deviation, 24° (range, 10°–40°). Average postoperative grip strength was 28 kg (range, 22–30 kg) and was 91% (range, 71%–100%) in the cases in which the dominant hand was injured and 80% (range, 65%–100%) in the cases in which the nondominant hand was injured. Average postoperative modified Mayo wrist score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 87 points (range, 65–100 points) and 14 points (range, 0–54 points), respectively. Chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint was not encountered in any patient. Thus, the study demonstrated that distal ulna hook plate fixation for the treatment of unstable distal ulna fractures can achieve healing with good alignment, satisfactory function, and minimal transient morbidity.
Bilateral Extensor Digitorum Brevis Manus
Authors: Froelich John M. , Bidgoli-Moghaddam Mahsa , Moran Steven L. 
Published: September 2012

Dorsal wrist pain and swelling is commonly attributed to a dorsal wrist ganglion. However, based on the authors’ experience, a cautious surgeon should keep the uncommonly symptomatic diagnosis of an extensor digitorum brevis manus in their differential despite classic ganglion presentation and suggestive advanced imaging.
This article describes a case of a young patient who presented with bilateral symptomatic extensor digitorum brevis manus anomalies that required surgical intervention. An extensor digitorum brevis manus is present in 3% of the population in a classic anatomy study from Japan and is most commonly symptomatic with heavy activity and extremes of wrist extension. Anatomically, the extensor digitorum brevis manus is located in the fourth wrist compartment and most commonly inserts on the index finger extensor mechanism. Examination often reveals a spindle-shaped mass that is palpable distal to the extensor mechanism and moves with extensor tendon motion. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a typical dorsal mass distal to the common extensors with a similar signal as muscle with all image sequencing. Treatment includes activity alterations to relieve symptoms or surgical excision of the muscle belly for refractory cases with care taken to preserve the index extensor mechanism.
Evolving Compartment Syndrome Detected by Loss of Somatosensory- and Motor-evoked Potential Signals During Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Bronson Wesley H. , Forsh David , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Deiner Stacie G. , Weisz Donald J. , Hecht Andrew C. 
Published: September 2012

Neurologic injury is a rare but devastating complication of spinal surgery that can result in mild sensory to severe motor deficits. Surgeons increasingly use electrophysiological spinal cord function monitoring, including somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials, intraoperatively to provide information about spinal cord function, aid in surgical decision making, improve outcomes, and reduce complication rates. By providing real-time information about the dorsal and anterior motor column function, somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials signals allow surgeons to reverse noticeable changes and avoid devastating neurologic injuries. Recognizing changes in baseline signals in the setting of known risk factors enables surgeons to correct these risks.
This article describes a case in which somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials monitoring were lost in the setting of an impending right forearm compartment syndrome during 2-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of spinal cord monitoring detecting an evolving compartment syndrome during cervical spine surgery. The early changes in signal intensity enabled the surgeon to search for a cause and remedy the situation by removing the infiltrated intravenous line. Without the observed changes in somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials, it is likely that the compartment syndrome may have progressed to the point of requiring fasciotomy to prevent lasting neuromuscular injury.
This article describes a new cause of changes in electrophysiological monitoring and further displays the usefulness of somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials monitoring during even routine spinal surgery.