bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of femtosecond lentotomy on the porcine lens by optical measurement with 50‐femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Wang Rui , Chen Bing , Ye Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhao Hongyou , Zhen Jie , Huang Yifei , Wei Zhiyi , Gu Ying 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe optimized parameters of femtosecond (fs) lentotomy, an innovative strategy for presbyopia, have been further discussed regarding the safety of the procedure for eyeballs. This article's aim was to prove the safety and feasibility of the fs lentotomy procedure with 50‐fs laser pulses.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was an experimental study in which the safety of fs lentotomy by optical measurement was tested. The experiment was performed on 49 porcine crystalline lenses by 50‐fs laser pulses at a central wavelength of 800 nm and scanning focusing optics with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.125. The input pulse energy was in the range of 0.35 μJ to 0.65 μJ. The transmitted energy throughout the eyeball was measured through a hole in the back wall of the eyeball by a power meter. The transmittance and peak power density (PPD) on the cornea, lens, and retina were illustrated. The laser cutting quality of 50‐fs laser pulses on the crystalline lens were assessed, and the theoretical safety of such a procedure for the cornea, lens, and retina was evaluated.ResultsA sharp cut without noticeable large bubbles was obtained with 0.35 μJ pulse energy under the optical system for which the NA was 0.125. The transmittance of the whole eyeball was measured to be 69% to 75% under 0.35 μJ to 0.65 μJ incident laser energy. The threshold of PPD for photodisruption on the crystalline lens, retina, and cornea was measured to be in the magnitude of 1013 W/cm2, 108 W/cm2, and 109 W/cm2, respectively.ConclusionsThe cutting quality in this experiment implied the feasibility of the 50‐fs laser in fs lentotomy; the pulse energy for fs lentotomy descended from microjoules to hundreds of nanojoules, and the PPD on the cornea and retina during the procedure decreased further, both of which illustrated the safety of such an optical design and the parameters during fs lentotomy for the eyeball. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:450–459, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined treatment for facial rejuvenation using an optimized pulsed light source followed by a fractional non‐ablative laser
Authors: Chan C. Stanley , Saedi Nazanin , Mickle Clinzo , Dover Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundCombination laser treatments can potentially increase the effectiveness of treatment without the additional downtime associated with another procedure.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of combining non‐ablative fractional treatments with optimized intense pulsed light.Methods and MaterialsTen subjects (Group A) received full face treatments with a non‐ablative fractional either followed or preceded by an optimized intense pulsed light source. Twenty‐six subjects (Group B) received only full face treatments with the same non‐ablative, fractional laser device.ResultsFor Group A, the overall average Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale for all patients improved from 6.3 ± 1.1 at baseline to 5.9 ± 0.8 one month following one treatment for an average improvement of 0.4 ± 0.6 (P < 0.10 paired t‐test n = 9). The average pigment improvement score was 1.8 ± 0.9 on a 4‐point scale. In Group B, the average Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale improved from 6.0 ± 1.6 at baseline to 5.2 ± 1.4 at 3 months for an average improvement of 0.8 ± 0.7 (P < 0.001, n = 26 paired t‐test). The average pigment improvement score was 1.4 ± 1.0 (P < 0.001, t‐test, n = 26). Adverse events were similar in the two groups.ConclusionThe combination of an optimized intense pulsed light source with a non‐ablative fractional laser during the same treatment session is safe and effective. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:405–409, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alterations of motor cortical excitability and anatomy in Unverricht‐Lundborg disease
Authors: Danner Nils , Julkunen Petro , Hyppönen Jelena , Niskanen Eini , Säisänen Laura , Könönen Mervi , Koskenkorva Päivi , Vanninen Ritva , Kälviäinen Reetta , Mervaala Esa 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTUnverricht‐Lundborg disease is the most common form of progressive myoclonus epilepsies. In addition to generalized seizures, it is characterized by myoclonus, which usually is the most disabling feature of the disease. Classically, the myoclonus has been attributed to increased excitability of the primary motor cortex. However, inhibitory cortical phenomena have also been described along with anatomical alterations. We aimed to characterize the relationship between the excitability and anatomy of the motor cortex and their association with the severity of the clinical symptoms. Seventy genetically verified patients were compared with forty healthy controls. The symptoms were evaluated with the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to characterize the excitability of the primary motor cortex by determining the motor thresholds and cortical silent periods. In addition, the induced cortical electric fields were estimated using individual scalp‐to‐cortex distances measured from MRIs. A cortical thickness analysis was performed to elucidate possible disease‐related anatomical alterations. The motor thresholds, cortical electric fields, and silent periods were significantly increased in the patients (P < 0.01). The silent periods correlated with the myoclonus scores (r = 0.48 to r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The scalp‐to‐cortex distance increased significantly with disease duration (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and correlated inversely with cortical thickness. The results may reflect the refractory nature of the myoclonus and indicate a possible reactive cortical inhibitory mechanism to the underlying disease process. This is the largest clinical series on Unverricht‐Lundborg disease and the first study describing parallel pathophysiological and structural alterations associated with the severity of the symptoms. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Regional anatomy of the pedunculopontine nucleus: Relevance for deep brain stimulation
Authors: Fournier‐Gosselin Marie‐Pierre , Lipsman Nir , Saint‐Cyr Jean A. , Hamani Clement , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is currently being investigated as a potential deep brain stimulation target to improve gait and posture in Parkinson's disease. This review examines the complex anatomy of the PPN region and suggests a functional mapping of the surrounding nuclei and fiber tracts that may serve as a guide to a more accurate placement of electrodes while avoiding potentially adverse effects. The relationships of the PPN were examined in different human brain atlases. Schematic representations of those structures in the vicinity of the PPN were generated and correlated with their potential stimulation effects. By providing a functional map and representative schematics of the PPN region, we hope to optimize the placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes, thereby maximizing safety and clinical efficacy. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Three‐dimensional quadratic nonconforming brick element
Authors: Meng Zhaoliang , Sheen Dongwoo , Luo Zhongxuan , Kim Sihwan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA new nonconforming brick element with quadratic convergence for the energy norm is introduced. The nonconforming element consists of on a cube [−1,1]3, and 14 degree of freedom (DOF). Two types of DOF are introduced. One consists of the value at the eight vertices and six face‐centroids and the other consists of the value at the eight vertices and the integration value of six faces. Error estimates of optimal order are derived in both broken energy and norms for second‐order elliptic problems. If a genuine hexahedron, which is not a parallelepiped, is included in the partition, the proposed element is also convergent, but with a lower order. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 158–174, 2014
Exciting the optical response of nanowire metamaterial films on the tip of optical fibres
Authors: Leite I. T. , Hierro‐Rodríguez A. , Silva A. O. , Teixeira J. M. , Sousa C. T. , Fernández‐García M. P. , Araújo J. P. , Jorge P. A. S. , Guerreiro A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis Letter reports on the assembly on the tip of an optical fibre of a metamaterial film fabricated by a self‐assembly bottom‐up method, composed of silver nanowires embedded in an alumina matrix. By illuminating the film through the fibre in a reflection configuration, we observe experimentally the optical response of the metamaterial in agreement with theoretical predictions and interpreted as the excitation of surface plasmon‐polaritons in the cylindrical surface of the nanowires. These results pave the way for low‐cost optical fibre devices that incorporate metamaterial films.magnified imageMicrographs of a nanowire metamaterial film mounted on the tip of an optical fibre (left) and top‐view of the sample in a transmission configuration (right). The red colour results from the absorption of the other optical wavelengths by the plasmon modes in the metamaterial.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimating and diagnosing model error variances in the Météo‐France global NWP model
Authors: Boisserie M. , Arbogast P. , Descamps L. , Pannekoucke O. , Raynaud L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA methodology for estimating model error statistics is proposed. Its application to the global operational model ARPEGE of Météo‐France provides valuable insights into the spatio‐temporal dynamics of model error variances. In particular larger model errors are found in the midlatitude storm tracks (high cyclonic activity) for dynamical variables such as 500 hPa geopotential height and the 850 hPa wind speed.The average model errors over both hemispheres show a linear growth until they reach saturation. Model errors are also shown to grow more rapidly than predictability errors; this leads to a crossover time beyond which model error contribution to forecast error starts to play the dominant role. Moreover, model errors saturate more rapidly than predictability errors. On the other hand, spectral analysis shows an upscale energy transfer and a faster growth at synoptic scales for both model errors and predictability errors. This indicates that, for dynamical variables, the growth of both errors is most likely driven by baroclinic instability.The results found in this study could provide valuable information for a future implementation of a stochastic physics approach to account for model errors in the operational ensemble prediction system.
Patterns and processes of invasive grass impacts on wildlife in Australia
Authors: Grice A. C. , Vanderduys Eric P. , Perry Justin J. , Cook Garry D. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThere are almost 400 naturalized grass species in Australia and most terrestrial and many freshwater ecosystems are subject to invasion by one or more species. Some species can dominate the ground stratum of the vegetation and thus radically transform the structure, composition and ecological functioning of the ecosystem. In these situations, the species richness of the herbaceous vegetation typically declines as the grasses out‐compete native grasses and forbs for water, nutrients, and light. In terrestrial environments, invasive grasses often modify disturbance regimes, especially the frequency and intensity of fire. These effects on vegetation structure and composition and water and nutrient cycling are habitat‐altering for the fauna of the invaded systems. Although some wildlife species do well in vegetation transformed by invasive grasses, there are many negative effects on wildlife through reduced resource availability and unsuitable fire regimes. There are few cost‐effective, broad‐scale options for reversing the effects of invasive grasses on radically transformed systems. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Terrestrial salamander abundance on reclaimed mountaintop removal mines
Authors: Wood Petra Bohall , Williams Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMountaintop removal mining, a large‐scale disturbance affecting vegetation, soil structure, and topography, converts landscapes from mature forests to extensive grassland and shrubland habitats. We sampled salamanders using drift‐fence arrays and coverboard transects on and near mountaintop removal mines in southern West Virginia, USA, during 2000–2002. We compared terrestrial salamander relative abundance and species richness of un‐mined, intact forest with habitats on reclaimed mountaintop removal mines (reclaimed grassland, reclaimed shrubland, and fragmented forest). Salamanders within forests increased in relative abundance with increasing distance from reclaimed mine edge. Reclaimed grassland and shrubland habitats had lower relative abundance and species richness than forests. Characteristics of reclaimed habitats that likely contributed to lower salamander abundance included poor soils (dry, compacted, little organic matter, high rock content), reduced vertical structure of vegetation and little tree cover, and low litter and woody debris cover. Past research has shown that salamander populations reduced by clearcutting may rebound in 15–24 years. Time since disturbance was 7–28 years in reclaimed habitats on our study areas and salamander populations had not reached levels found in adjacent mature forests. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis and Characterization of a 2D Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymer Containing the Adiponitrile Ligand
Authors: Chainok Kittipong , Saphu Watcharin , Khemthong Phailyn , Harding David J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe cobalt(II) coordination polymer [Co(ADN)3][FeCl4]2 (1), which contains a flexible dinitrile bridging ligand was synthesized at room temperature from the 1:2:3 reaction of CoCl2, FeCl3, and adiponitrile (ADN) in CH3NO2. The compound was characterized by spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure of 1 consists of a 2D sheet structure of [Co(ADN)3]2+ cations, the charge balance is maintained by [FeCl4]– anions. Each central CoII atom is coordinated by six nitrogen atoms from four gauche‐ and two anti ligands, adopting a distorted octahedral arrangement. The [FeCl4]– anions sit in channels created by the [Co(ADN)3]2+ cations, and link the 2D sheets into a 3D structure by weak C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds. The framework structure of 1 is thermally stable up to 285 °C.
Nutrient enrichment alters dynamics in experimental plant populations
Authors: Molofsky Jane , Danforth Christopher M. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractControlling weed populations requires an understanding of their underlying population dynamics which can be achieved through a combination of model development and long‐term studies. In this paper, we develop models based on long‐term data from experimental populations of the weedy annual plant Cardamine pensylvanica. Four replicate populations of C. pensylvanica were grown in growth chambers under three different nutrient levels but with all other environmental conditions held constant. We analyze the resulting time series using generalized additive models and perform stability analyses using Lyapunov exponents. Further, we test whether the proposed mechanism, delayed density dependence caused by maternal effects, is operating in our system by experimentally manipulating maternal density and assessing the resulting offspring quality. Our results show that that increasing the frequency of nutrients causes plant population dynamics to shift from stable to damped 2‐point oscillations to longer cycles. This shift in population dynamics is due to a shift at high nutrients from populations being regulated by first order density feedbacks to being regulated by both first order and second order density feedbacks. A consequence of these first order and second order feedbacks was an increase in cycle lengths as demonstrated by the presence of complex eigenvalues. A short‐term experiment confirmed that when grown under high nutrients, the density of maternal plants strongly affected offspring size, providing a mechanism whereby these second order density feedbacks could operate. Our results demonstrate that increasing nutrient frequency results in a qualitative shift in dynamics from stable to longer cycles.
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration and Injection of an Intraneural Ganglion Cyst of the Common Peroneal Nerve
Authors: Liang Teresa , Panu Anukul , Crowther Sean , Low Gavin , Lambert Robert 
Published: August 2013

Background Intraneural ganglion cysts are rare, benign, mucinous lesions that occur within neural sheaths and are thought to involve cystic fluid exiting from nearby synovial joints. They often present as tender masses causing paresthesias in the distribution of the involved nerve, muscle weakness or cramping, or localized or referred pain. Case Description We present a case of a patient who initially presented with foot drop due to an intraneural ganglion cyst of the common peroneal nerve. This cyst was successfully treated using ultrasound guidance to aspirate the cyst and inject corticosteroid to prevent further inflammation. Literature Review Standard of care has previously involved surgical resection, but this has been associated with a high frequency of recurrence. Due to the risks of nerve and vessel damage, there have been efforts to find alternative ways of resolving these cysts. Purposes and Clinical Relevance Aspiration and injection of corticosteroid is a useful and minimally invasive alternative to surgery for managing intraneural ganglion cysts.
Does integrating family planning into HIV care and treatment impact intention to use contraception? Patient perspectives from HIV‐infected individuals in Nyanza Province, Kenya
Authors: Newmann Sara J. , Grossman Daniel , Blat Cinthia , Onono Maricianah , Steinfeld Rachel , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Shade Starley , Cohen Craig R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether HIV‐infected women and men in HIV care and not using highly effective methods of contraception thought they would be more likely to use contraception if it were available at the HIV clinic.MethodsA face‐to‐face survey assessing family‐planning knowledge, attitudes, and practices was conducted among 976 HIV‐infected women and men at 18 public‐sector HIV clinics in Nyanza, Kenya. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe majority of women (73%) and men (71%) thought that they or their partner would be more likely to use family planning if it were offered at the HIV clinic. In multivariable analysis, women who reported making family‐planning decisions with their partner (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53–6.80) and women aged 18–25 years who were not currently using family planning (aOR 4.76; 95% CI, 2.28–9.95) were more likely to think they would use contraception if integrated services were available. Women who perceived themselves to be infertile (aOR 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.31) and had access to a cell phone (aOR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.25–0.63) were less likely to think that integrated services would change their contraceptive use. Men who were not taking antiretroviral medications (aOR 3.30; 95% CI, 1.49–7.29) were more likely, and men who were unsure of their partner's desired number of children (aOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17–0.76), were not currently using family planning (aOR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22–0.73), and were living in a peri‐urban setting (aOR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21–0.99) were less likely to think their partner would use contraception if available at the HIV clinic.ConclusionsIntegrating family planning into HIV care would probably have a broad impact on the majority of women and men accessing HIV care and treatment. Integrated services would offer the opportunity to involve men more actively in the contraceptive decision‐making process, potentially addressing 2 barriers to family planning: access to contraception and partner uncertainty or opposition.
Learning curves in collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) information systems: An empirical analysis from a mobile phone manufacturer
Authors: Yao Yuliang , Kohli Rajiv , Sherer Susan A. , Cederlund Jerold 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWhile Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) information systems have been increasingly deployed to improve supply chain operations in a cross section of industries, the extant literature has largely overlooked the learning effects within organizations, thereby resulting in incomplete assessment of their business value. Using an operational‐level panel data for nine product lines over 2.5 years, we empirically examine the learning curves in CPFR between Motorola, a mobile phone manufacturer, and one of its U.S.‐based national retail partners. We found that the two key components of CPFR, collaborative forecasting (CF) and collaborative replenishment (CR), exhibit distinct learning curves. Forecast accuracy improves immediately following CPFR implementation but the rate of improvement slows over time, whereas inventory levels increase at first and begin decreasing after a period. Further, we found different learning effects in terms of inventory levels when products are later replaced with new form factors. Product replacements have lower inventory levels than their antecedents, at least for low‐end products. We discuss important implications for theory and practice at the interface of information systems and operations management.
Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis
Authors: Mishra Abhay Nath , Devaraj Sarv , Vaidyanathan Ganesh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the interrelationship between two hierarchically structured functional capabilities pertinent in the organizational procurement process, and the impact of these capabilities on procurement process performance. These functional capabilities operate at different levels in an organization's procurement process. We draw upon resource‐ and knowledge‐based views of the firm to theorize that in this hierarchy of information technology‐enabled procurement capabilities, the higher‐level capability – procurement integration competence – enables firms to develop and deploy a lower‐level capability – digital procurement competence. Further, we theorize that the lower‐level capability impacts procurement process performance directly and completely mediates the relationship between higher‐level capability and performance. Thus, although performance is impacted directly only by the lower‐level capability, the higher‐level capability facilitates the development and use of the lower‐level capability. Our research model is tested using survey data from a large sample of 412 manufacturing firms. The results provide strong support for the proposed research model. In particular, we find that as hypothesized, the impact of procurement integration competence on performance is completely mediated by digital procurement competence. Our results suggest that when examined at the procurement process level, the impact of higher‐level capabilities may be manifested completely through the lower‐level capabilities. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed.