bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Prostaglandin Levels in Cultures of SV40‐Transformed Macrophage Cell Lines in Relation to Their Phenotypic Expression
Authors: Tanigawa Takahiko , Suzuki Takao , Takayama Hisao , Takagi Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA radioimmunoassay was performed to determine the total amounts of the A, B, and E series prostaglandins (prostaglandins) in culture fluids of simian virus 40 (SV40)‐transformed mouse clonal macrophages, line 28–12, and its subline, 28–12(Ara). When the proportion of phagocytic cells in confluent 28–12 cell cultures increased, the prostaglandin levels in the culture fluids decreased. On the other hand, stably phagocytic 28–12(Ara) cells, which were derived from 28–12 cells and which had a reduced growth rate, did not release prostaglandins under the usual culture conditions; however, when they were treated with lipopolysaccharide or streptococcal preparation OK‐432, large amounts of prostaglandins were released. In contrast, nonphagocytic cell populations in the cultures of 28–12 cells were not responsive to the drug treatment. These results suggest that there is a correlation between the phenotypic change from the nonphagocytic to the phagocytic state and a decrease in prostaglandin levels in culture fluids, and indicate that phagocytic cells are responsive to prostaglandin inducers, whereas nonphagocytic cells are not.
Microbicidal Activity of Bone Marrow Cells. Augmentation of Candida Killing Activity of the Cells by Culturing with Fibroblast Conditioned Medium
Authors: Nozawa Ryushi T. , Yokota Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMouse bone marrow cells were seeded in 96‐well trays and infected with twofold serially diluted Candida parapsilosis. Outgrowth of the fungi in each well was determined after a 48‐hr incubation period. Freshly collected cells demonstrated a candidacidal activity which increased with increase in the number of cells seeded. When fresh cells were cultivated with conditioned medium of mouse embryo fibroblasts, the candidacidal activity continuously increased for a few days and reached a plateau. The activity was augmented more than 1,000‐fold compared with that of fresh marrow cells. It is suggested that augmentation is due not to the increase in number of effector cells but to the maturation of effector cells. Carrageenan, which is specifically cytotoxic to macrophages, inhibited augmentation of the activity. Therefore, it appears that most effector cells that matured by cultivation with the conditioned medium belong to the monocyte‐macrophage lineage.
Antimicrobial Effect of Human Serum IgA
Authors: Funakoshi Satoshi , Doi Takuji , Nakajima Tsunetaka , Suyama Tadakazu , Tokuda Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSerum IgA, IgG and colostrum secretory IgA prepared from specimens pooled from a large number of human beings were shown to have measurable levels of antibodies against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, poliovirus, Coxsackie B virus, echovirus and influenza virus. Serum IgA exerted a bacteriostatic effect in vitro on E. coli and P. aeruginosa, which increased in the presence of the iron‐binding proteins lactoferrin and transferrin. This bacteriostasis was reduced when the iron‐binding proteins were saturated with iron. Similar results were obtained with IgG and secretory IgA. The bacteriostatic effect of serum IgA was also shown in vivo, in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The effect was suppressed by iron. Iron‐chelating substances, siderophores, excreted by E. coli diminished the cosoperative bacteriostatic effect of serum IgA and transferrin. Siderophore production by E. coli was inhibited in the presence of serum IgA, but not when serum IgA was deprived of specific antibody by absorption with E. coli. These results indicate that serum IgA has a potent bacteriostatic effect in cooperation with transferrin or lactoferrin because of the inhibitory effect of the specific antibody on siderophore production by E. coli.
Studies on Streptococci
Authors: Kawai Yasuo , Suegara Nobuo , Shimohashi Hirotaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe population levels of bacteria in the contents and the walls of the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (streptococci, lactobacilli, and bifidobacteria) from humans and rats were determined. Lactobacilli as well as streptococci isolated from rats colonized in the digestive tracts of the gnotobiotic rats at a high population level, characteristically highest in the stomach. On the other hand, in the rats inoculated with human lactic acid bacteria, streptococci were dominant in the lower tract. The human lactobacilli or bifidobacteria did not colonize when the organisms in each genus were inoculated together with streptococci. However, when all three genera were inoculated together, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria colonized. Observations on the species of streptococci showed that the intestinal type of streptococci was found to colonize at a high population level, but the oral type was not. Strains of the same genus of lactic acid bacteria from humans and from rats showed different colonization patterns.
Subpopulation of T Cells Sensitive to Natural Thymocytotoxic Autoantibody (NTA) of New Zealand Mice: I. Distinct Cytotoxic Sensitivity of Functional T Cell Subsets to NTA and Anti‐Thy‐1 Antibodies
Authors: Nagata Norikazu , Suda Kinya , Maruyama Naoki , Koike Takao , Shirai Toshikazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNZB mice produce a natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) capable of specifically injuring thymocytes and T cells. NTA‐reactive antigen (NTA‐A) shows a different density distribution among T cells, and partial killing with NTA and complement can eliminate T cells bearing NTA‐A in high density. Thy‐1 antigen is similar to NTA‐A in this respect. To determine the effects of NTA and anti‐Thy‐1 on distinct functional subsets of T cells, Con A‐induced suppressor T cell (Con A‐Ts) activity against the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), responding T cell (TMLR) activity in the allogeneic MLR, and Con A‐induced cytotoxic T cell (Con A‐Tc) activity were examined simultaneously in BALB/c spleen cells before and after partial elimination of NTA‐ and anti‐Thy‐1‐sensitive T cells. Treatment with NTA and complement resulted in a marked reduction in Con A‐Ts activity, a significant increase in TMLR activity and a slight and inconstant decrease in Con A‐Tc activity. Since Con A‐generated Ts were much less sensitive to NTA, the NTA‐sensitive T cells involved in Con A‐Ts activity appear to be precursors or promoters of the Con A‐Ts. In contrast, the precursors of Con A‐Tc seem to be relatively resistant to NTA. The increase in TMLR activity caused by NTA suggests the possibility that NTA is less cytotoxic for TMLR and cytotoxic for some suppressor T cells in allogeneic MLR. The monoclonal anti‐Thy‐1 antibody showed no such preferential cytotoxic effects on the three T cell functions. The NTA‐sensitive T cells, in contrast to anti‐Thy‐1‐sensitive T cells, were reduced gradually during Con A stimulation. All these findings indicate that NTA‐A not only differs from Thy‐1 antigen but that it appears to be a unique T cell antigen.
The Influence of Site of Antigen Deposition on the Local Immune Response in the Mammary Gland of the Ewe
Authors: Watson Dennis L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExperiments were carried out to compare the local antibody responses in mammary glands of ewes immunized by infusion of antigen (killed Brucella abortus) into the lactiferous sinuses (trans‐epithelial presentation of antigen) or injection into the mammary tissue near the supramammary lymph node (interstitial presentation of antigen). Although both methods of antigen presentation resulted in similar antibody levels in blood, infusion of antigen into the lactiferous sinus resulted in significantly higher levels of agglutinating antibody in milk whey than did injection of antigen. When within‐animal comparisons were made, infusion of antigen was also significantly superior to injection of antigen in terms of levels of non‐agglutinating antibody in milk as determined by Coomb's antiglobulin assays. Evidence from immunoglobulin estimations in milk whey suggested that any elevation in concentrations of immunoglobulins (including IgA) in milk from ewes, which had received injections of antigen into mammary tissue, was associated with chronic inflammatory damage to these glands.
Cellulase Enzyme from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kassim El‐Sayed A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCellulase enzyme was produced by a selected strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from deteriorated wood and grown on different carbon sources. Filter paper gave the highest yield, followed by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Cellobiose as well as glucose gave a low yield, while the yield from lactose was negligible. The concentration of filter paper cellulose that induced the maximum yield of the enzyme was 1%. Both soluble cellulose (CMC) and cotton cellulose treated with phosphoric acid (swollen) were easily hydrolyzed by cellulase; an increase in cellulase concentration lead to more hydrolysis of CMC and gave linearity in the reaction velocity. At certain concentrations of the enzyme, increase in CMC concentration, (up to 1%) resulted in more reducing sugar. Beyond this point no more hydrolysis occur.
Conjugation of Drug‐Resistance Plasmids from Vibrio anguillarum to Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Hayashi Fujio , Harada Kenji , Mitsuhashi Susumu , Inoue Matsuhisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDrug‐resistant strains of Vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, were isolated from diseased fish in culture ponds. In investigations of these strains, the transfer of resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfanilamide from multiple resistant organisms to laboratory recipients was observed. The plasmid from V. anguillarum was stably maintained in both recipient strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli. The plasmids isolated from Vibrio anguillarum belong to incompatibility group C. The molecular weight of these plasmids determined by electron microscopic observation was about 103 to 113 megadaltons.
Binding of HBs Antigen to HeLa Cells by Use of Reconstitution into Liposomes and Fusion by Sendai Virus
Authors: Tanabe Kiyokatsu , Naruto Hiroshi , Shimizu Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was reconstituted into liposomes composed of phosphatidylserin. An isolated membrane fraction of HeLa cells was mixed with the liposomes, then the liposomes were incubated with HeLa cells in the presence of Sendai virus. In this system the attachment of HBsAg to the cell surface was enhanced and became resistant to treatment with trypsin‐EDTA. The presence of the HBsAg on the cell surface was revealed by immunoelectron‐microscopy. This technique may provide a model system for studying immunological reactions to HBsAg‐bearing target cells in vitro.
Mechanism of Antibody‐Mediated Protection against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Athymic Nude Mice: Requirement of Fc Portion of Antibody
Authors: Hayashida Isao , Nagafughi Seiho , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Kino Yoichiro , Mori Ryoichi , Oda Hiroshi , Ohtomo Nobuya , Tashiro Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExperiments were performed to investigate the resistance of the host due to antibody‐mediated mechanisms to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Transfer of hyperimmune anti‐HSV mouse serum inhibited the development of skin lesions and prolonged the survival of lethally HSV‐infected nude mice. Relatively high concentrations of antibody were required to achieve this protection. Antisera prepared in heterologous animals were also effective, while administration of anti‐cowpox virus serum or interferon provided no protection. This type of protection is therefore due to specific antibody and cannot be attributed to interferon. In order to delineate the requirement for antibody in antibody‐mediated protection, human gamma globulin preparations were transferred to lethally HSV‐infected nude mice. Transfer of intact human gamma globulin (GG) was effective in controlling infection. S‐sulfonation of GG did not diminish the protective ability. However, purified F (ab′)2 did not have any protective action even when it was administered frequently to maintain serum neutralizing antibody titer. GG was effective in C5‐deficient mice lethally infected with HSV. These results indicate that in vivo antibody‐mediated protection to HSV infection requires the Fc region of the intact IgG molecule and suggest that antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity may be operative in vivo.
Synthesis of Glucan on the Cell Surface of Streptococcus mutans: Chemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Tsumori Hideaki , Mukasa Hidehiko , Zinnaka Yutaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe appearance and continuing growth of extracellular material on Streptococcus mutans HS6 cells in sucrose‐containing Merthiolated buffer was observed in a scanning electron microscope and was found to be related to the glucan synthesis on the cell and to adherence of the cell to a smooth surface. Cells grown in broth completely deprived of sucrose by invertase (HS6‐IV) had a characteristic, slightly rugged surface structure. On incubation of HS6‐IV in the sucrose‐containing buffer, a few small globular particles appeared on the surface and grew to an irregular shape (globular to fibrilar) after several hours. The increase in the total glucan content of the cells paralleled the growth of the globular material, to which ferritin‐conjugated anti‐dextran globulin was found to bind. On the cell surface of cells harvested from conventional broth, both small globular and irregular structures, which possibly formed from sucrose in the broth, existed originally and continued to grow during incubation, along with the material newly appearing on the surface. The accumulation of glucan on the cells resulted in their adherence to a glass surface. The inhibition of growth of the extracellular material on the cells by trypsin, dextranase or anti‐glucosyltransferase corresponded to the decrease in glucan synthesis and the loss of adhering ability. These results indicated that the material growing on the cell surface was glucan synthesized by glucosyltransferases.
Effect of Interferon on the Production of HBsAg and Induction of an Antiviral State in Human Hepatoma Cell Line PLC/PRF/5
Authors: Nakajima Yukio , Kuwata Tsuguo , Tomita Yoshimi , Okuda Kunio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of human α and β interferons (IFN) on the production of HBsAg by PLC/PRF/5 cells, an HBsAg‐producing human hepatoma cell line, were studied in the exponential and stationary phases of cell growth. When exponential phase cells were treated with 100 or 1,000 U of IFN per ml for 48 hr, the amount of HBsAg in the culture medium decreased. The number of cells and the synthesis of DNA and proteins were also reduced by the IFN treatment. These results suggested that IFN did not affect the production of HBsAg specifically in exponential phase cells. When cells in the stationary phase were similarly treated with IFN, HBsAg production was not inhibited nor did the number of cells decrease.To examine the antiviral state induced by IFN in PLC/PRF/5, induction of 2′5′‐oligo(A) synthetase and susceptibility to two kinds of viruses were examined. The 2′5′‐oligo(A) synthetase activity was increased in an IFN‐dose dependent manner. Susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was decreased by treatment with 10 and 100 U of IFN per ml for 20 hr. It was concluded that IFN‐α and IFN‐β induce 2′5′‐oligo(A) synthetase and the antiviral state, but do not inhibit HBsAg production by PLC/PRF/5 cells.
Effect of Anti‐Ia Serum In Vitro on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Proliferative Responses of Murine Bone Marrow and Spleen Cells
Authors: Tanabe Masao J. , Nakano Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe in vitro proliferative response of murine bone marrow cells and spleen cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effect of anti‐Ia serum on the response were studied. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cells prepared from bone marrow increased in the presence of LPS, but the addition of anti‐Ia serum to the cultures reduced the incorporation. Pretreatment of bone marrow cells with anti‐Ia serum and complement did not abolish the ability of the cells to respond to LPS, while the same pretreatment destroyed this ability in spleen cells. These results suggest that cultures of Ia‐negative bone marrow cells generate Ia‐positive cells during the culture period, and the Ia‐positive cells are responsive cells to LPS.The proliferative response of 1‐ or 2‐week‐old spleen cells was easily suppressed by anti‐Ia serum when compared with that of 4‐week‐old spleen cells. Furthermore, the responses of spleen cells obtained from γ‐irradiated and syngeneic bone marrow cell‐reconstituted mice were prominently suppressed by anti‐Ia serum in comparison with that of normal adult spleen cells. These findings suggest that LPS‐responsive lymphocytes in the developmental stage are quite sensitive to anti‐Ia serum. The effect of anti‐Ia serum on the maturation of bone marrow‐derived lymphocytes was discussed.
Effect of Lead Acetate on Superoxide Anion Generation and Its Scavengers in Mice Given Endotoxin
Authors: Sakaguchi Osamu , Abe Hiroharu , Sakaguchi Shuhei , Hsu Cheng‐Chin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe administration of endotoxin to mice rendered hypersensitive by lead acetate resulted in profound lipid peroxide formation in the liver 6 hr postintoxication. Endotoxin plus lead acetate administration depressed glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in mouse liver, whereas superoxide anion generation significantly increased in the livers of endotoxin plus lead acetate‐treated mice compared with that in mice treated with endotoxin alone. Serum acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase isozyme exhibited much more leakage in endotoxin plus lead acetate‐injected mice than in sera of mice given endotoxin alone. Nonprotein SH level in the liver was reduced markedly in endotoxin‐lead treated mice compared with those receiving endotoxin alone. The plasma vitamin E level was found to decline by 6 hr postintoxication in both endotoxin‐lead and endotoxin alone‐treated mice, and the transient elevation of the plasma level at 18 hr may be considered to indicate mobilization from other tissues into the blood.
Neutralization of Sendai Virus by the IgG Subclass Antibodies of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Togashi Hiroyuki , Tozawa Hideki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comparative study was made of the neutralizing activities of IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG2, fractionated from guinea pig antisera against Sendai virus. The yields of IgG2 from the antisera were about 16 times as much as those of IgG1. The neutralizing activity of IgG2 per unit weight was four times as high as that of IgG1. This neutralizing activity of both IgG subclasses was enhanced about 10 times by addition of antibodies to the L‐chain of guinea pig immunoglobulin. It is suggested that, in the complement‐dependent neutralization of the virus, IgG1 and IgG2 activate the complement through the alternative and the classical pathway, respectively.
Further Studies of the Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae Possessing Strong Adjuvanticity: III. Augmentation of the Antibody Response to Subcutaneously Injected Sheep Red Blood Cells by the Adjuvant Polysaccharide
Authors: Yokochi Takashi , Nakashima Izumi , Nagase Fumihiko , Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Fujii Yasuaki , Mizoguchi Kenji , Isobe Ken‐Ichi , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe adjuvant action of the O3 antigen of Klebsiella (KO3) on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was elucidated by injecting both KO3 and SRBC subcutaneously at the right inguinal region of SMA mice. We demonstrated that KO3 exhibits a novel ability to augment anti‐SRBC plaque‐forming cell responses in both the local lymph node and the spleen at a relatively late stage of immunization. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate and concanavalin A showed such an action only minimally. In parallel with the development of the adjuvant action, KO3 definitely activated B cells in the local lymph node polyclonally for either IgM or IgG synthesis, suggesting that the mechanism of the adjuvant action includes direct stimulation of B cells by KO3 at the late stage. Neither increase in trapping of lymphocytes in the local lymph node nor change in tissue distribution of antigen was shown to be primarily involved in the mechanism of the adjuvant action.
Variable Sugar Fermentation by Clostridia
Authors: Nakashio Satoshi , Nakamura Shinichi , Nishida Shoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractForty‐two sugar fermentation characteristics recorded as “d” in the 8th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology were reinvestigated by using eight different peptone media and 205 strains of nine species of pathogenic Clostridia. In the absence of sugar, the final pH of 7‐day cultures in the basal medium varied widely depending on the peptone employed, the species tested, and even the strain of the species. In the presence of sugar, the final pH of 7‐day cultures was markedly influenced by these factors. Since the sugars with reactions recorded as “d” were weakly fermented and, consequently, the fermentation reactions were easily affected by cultural variations resulting in strain instability, we employed the pH difference method (ΔpH method) in which the pH difference of 0.5 between cultures with and without sugar was used as the critical level. Thirty‐six (86%) of the 42 sugar reactions recorded as “d” were sorted into “+” or “‐” by the ΔpH method. Six sugars, however, still remained as “d” because of their extremely weak fermentation characters. The use of the ΔpH method in any peptone medium not only minimizes incorrect evaluation but also can provide some distinct criteria for identification of Clostridia.
Fluctuation of Antigen Binding Activity during the Cell Cycle in the Synchronized Population of the Murine T Hybridoma Cell Line
Authors: Kuwata Shigeki , Namba Yuziro , Hanaoka Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe murine T cell hybridoma line which specifically binds antigen (ovalbumin) was established using a cell fusion technique with Sendai virus. Regional lymph node cells from ovalbumin (OVA) immunized C57BL/6 mice were fused with thymidine kinase deficient variant cells of the EL‐4 cell line (originating from a thymoma of a C57BL/6 mouse). Approximately one hundred cell lines were established and the antigen binding activity was determined by rosette formation with OVA coated sheep red blood cells (SRBC). One hybridoma cell line, MMH‐77, could form rosettes and this formation was specifically inhibited by the addition of free OVA. The ability of the cell line to form rosettes varied from one stage of the cell cycle to the other with the maximum ability in the S phase.
Study of the Mode of Action of Ribosomal Vaccines from Klebsiella and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Their Ribonucleic and Protein Fractions Using Passive Immunization
Authors: Robert Daniel , Ivanoff Bernard , Fontanges Robert , Normier Gérard , Pinel Anne Marie , D'Hinterland Lucien Dussourd 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe vaccinating potency of ribosomal fractions of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae as well as their ribosomal RNA and protein fractions has been studied with respect to their ability to induce cellular or humoral immunity. Experiments with transfer of serum or spleen cells from vaccinated animals have shown that anti‐Klebsiella immunity is essentially cellular, while streptococcal immunity is exclusively humoral. Results have been discussed as a function of differential results for the various fractions under study.