bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertebral Body Infarct and Ventral Cauda Equina Enhancement: Two Confirmatory Findings of Acute Spinal Cord Infarct
Authors: Diehn Felix E. , Hunt Christopher H. , Lehman Vance T. , Schwartz Kara M. , Eckel Laurence J. , Black David F. , Wood Christopher P. , Kotsenas Amy L. , Wald John T. , Hocker Sara E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTwo valuable confirmatory MRI findings of acute spinal cord infarct are highlighted and discussed: concomitant vertebral body infarct and ventral cauda equina nerve root enhancement.
Politician personality, Machiavellianism, and political skill as predictors of performance ratings in political roles
Authors: Silvester Jo , Wyatt Madeleine , Randall Ray 
Published: October 2013

This study conceptualizes politicians as political workers. It describes a multimethod study with two aims: (1) to determine whether politicians share a latent mental model of performance in political roles and (2) to test hypothesized relationships between politician self‐rated characteristics (i.e., extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, Machiavellianism, and political skill) and received performance ratings from political colleagues and officers. Two hundred and thirty‐one local politicians provided self‐ratings on a political performance questionnaire developed following a role analysis, and standardized measures of personality. One hundred and eighty‐five also received performance ratings from colleagues (n = 749) and officers (n = 729). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of self‐ and received performance ratings revealed five latent factors: Resilience (RS), Politicking, Analytical Skills (AS), Representing People, and Relating to Others. Regression analyses found that neuroticism and conscientiousness contribute to received ratings of RS, and neuroticism contributes to received ratings of AS.Practitioner points

As political roles require political work, we argue there is potential to use research and practice from I/O psychology to improve politician performance.

The existence of shared latent constructs of performance provides a basis for differentiated criterion assessment in political roles.

Evidence that individual differences contribute to political performance can be used to shape support activities for individuals in elected roles.
Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement
Authors: Breevaart Kimberley , Bakker Arnold , Hetland Jørn , Demerouti Evangelia , Olsen Olav K. , Espevik Roar 
Published: October 2013

This diary study adds to the leadership literature by examining the daily influence of transformational leadership, contingent reward, and active management‐by‐exception (MBE active) on followers' daily work engagement. We compare the unique contribution of these leadership behaviours and focus on the work environment to examine how these leadership behaviours influence followers' daily work engagement. While travelling by sail ship, 61 naval cadets filled out a diary questionnaire for 34 days. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for followers' work engagement the previous day, cadets were more engaged on days that their leader showed more transformational leadership and provided contingent reward. MBE active was unrelated to followers' work engagement. As predicted, transformational leadership and contingent reward contributed to a more favourable work environment (more autonomy and support), while MBE active resulted in a less favourable work environment (less autonomy) for the cadets. This study highlights the importance of daily leadership for followers' daily work engagement.Practitioner points

Leaders' daily behaviour influences followers' daily work engagement.

Leaders' daily behaviour shapes the daily work environment.
Is there relationship between temporomandibular disorders and head and cervical posture? A systematic review
Authors: Rocha C. P. , Croci C. S. , Caria P. H. F. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe objective of this systematic review was to find sufficient evidence to deny or accept the association between the head and cervical posture and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and thus assist health professionals in the evaluation and treatment of patients with TMDs. A search was conducted through all publications written in English about this topic using the databases from Medline, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and Lilacs. The abstracts that fulfilled the initial guideline were retrieved and evaluated to ensure they met the inclusion criteria. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, we developed a questionnaire considering the following criteria: participant's eligibility, control group, diagnosis of TMDs, posture diagnosis and randomisation. Twenty‐two studies were selected as potential studies based on their abstracts. Only seventeen studies actually fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The search provided information about the methodological quality of the studies, in which several methodological defects were found. The evidence presented in this systematic review shows that the relation between TMDs and the head and neck posture is still controversial and unclear. The insufficient number of articles considered of excellent methodological quality is a factor that hinders the acceptance or denial of this association.
Association between perioral muscle pressure and masticatory performance
Authors: Takahashi M. , Koide K. , Arakawa I. , Mizuhashi F. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the association between strength of the perioral muscles and masticatory performance. Subjects were 56 healthy adults (30 men and 26 women; mean age of 24·9 years) with normal occlusion. Perioral muscle pressure was measured using JMS tongue pressure measurement device, and maximum tongue pressure and cheek pressure on the habitual chewing side (H) and non‐habitual side (non‐H) were measured. The masticatory performance was evaluated using gummy jelly, and the amount of glucose extracted was measured after chewing under condition H or non‐H. The association between sex and maximum tongue pressure was analysed using Student's t‐test. Cheek pressure and the amount of the glucose extracted between condition H and non‐H or between men and women were analysed by two‐way repeated‐measures anova. In addition, the correlations between maximum tongue pressure and cheek pressure on condition H, maximum tongue pressure and the amount of glucose extracted under condition H, and cheek pressure and the amount of glucose extracted under condition H were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficients for men and women. The maximum tongue pressure, cheek pressure and the amount of glucose extracted were higher in men than in women. The amount of glucose extracted was higher under condition H than under condition non‐H, but no significant difference in chewing side was observed in cheek pressure between men and women. Additionally, positive correlations were shown between maximum tongue pressure, habitual‐side cheek pressure and the amount of glucose extracted on men and women. In conclusion, the association between higher perioral muscle pressure and better masticatory performance was shown.
Effect of Multistep Processing Technique on the Formation of Micro‐defects and Residual Stresses in Zirconia Dental Restorations
Authors: Jing Zhao , Ke Zhang , Yihong Liu , Zhijian Shen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeThe clinical failures of zirconia dental restorations are often caused by extrinsic artifacts introduced by processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the micro‐defects and residual stresses generated during the multistep process of zirconia dental restorations.Materials and MethodsThermal spray granulated 3Y‐TZP powders were dry pressed by two tools exhibiting distinctly different Young's moduli, cold isostatic pressed (CIP‐ed), and pressure‐less fully sintered. The green bodies pressed by a stiff tool were treated with different procedures: direct milling (green milling) followed by fully sintering; half‐sintering and milling (raw milling) with or without fully sintering; and fully sintering followed by grinding. The fully sintered 3Y‐TZP crowns were clinically adjusted using both a diamond bur and SiC bur, respectively. Phase composition and microstructure of the pressed, milled, and ground surfaces were studied by XRD and SEM.ResultsTetragonal phase was the main phase of all detected 3Y‐TZP specimens. Excessive residual stresses introduced by raw milling and grinding were confirmed by a strained T (111) peak, monoclinic phase, and obviously changed I(002)t/I(200)t ratio. The residual stresses would form a compressive stress layer, while it was too shallow to inhibit crack propagation even for ground specimens. Large voids with high‐coordination numbers were the common packing micro‐defects. Once formed, they were barely healed by CIP‐ing and sintering. A stiff pressing tool was confirmed to be useful for reducing the surface packing voids. Milling removed the surface voids, but was no help for the interior ones. Raw milling introduced more serious chippings, most originating from the existing packing voids, than green milling due to its brittle failure and was less recommended for production. Grinding dense 3Y‐TZP caused surface grain refinement and much more severe micro‐defects, especially when clinical adjustment was applied by diamond bur compared to SiC bur.ConclusionsMicro‐defects and residual stresses are introduced and accumulated through the entire production chain and determine the final microstructure of zirconia dental restorations. Several procedural improvements are offered and expected to reduce processing micro‐defects.
A Novel Computer‐Aided Method to Fabricate a Custom One‐Piece Glass Fiber Dowel‐and‐Core Based on Digitized Impression and Crown Preparation Data
Authors: Chen Zhiyu , Li Ya , Deng Xuliang , Wang Xinzhi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeFiber‐reinforced composite dowels have been widely used for their superior biomechanical properties; however, their preformed shape cannot fit irregularly shaped root canals. This study aimed to describe a novel computer‐aided method to create a custom‐made one‐piece dowel‐and‐core based on the digitization of impressions and clinical standard crown preparations.Materials and MethodsA standard maxillary die stone model containing three prepared teeth each (maxillary lateral incisor, canine, premolar) requiring dowel restorations was made. It was then mounted on an average value articulator with the mandibular stone model to simulate natural occlusion. Impressions for each tooth were obtained using vinylpolysiloxane with a sectional dual‐arch tray and digitized with an optical scanner. The dowel‐and‐core virtual model was created by slicing 3D dowel data from impression digitization with core data selected from a standard crown preparation database of 107 records collected from clinics and digitized. The position of the chosen digital core was manually regulated to coordinate with the adjacent teeth to fulfill the crown restorative requirements. Based on virtual models, one‐piece custom dowel‐and‐cores for three experimental teeth were milled from a glass fiber block with computer‐aided manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, two patients were treated to evaluate the practicality of this new method.ResultsThe one‐piece glass fiber dowel‐and‐core made for experimental teeth fulfilled the clinical requirements for dowel restorations. Moreover, two patients were treated to validate the technique.ConclusionThis novel computer‐aided method to create a custom one‐piece glass fiber dowel‐and‐core proved to be practical and efficient.
Three‐Dimensional Orientation of Iris in an Ocular Prosthesis Using a Customized Scale
Authors: Gupta Lokendra , Aparna I. N. , Dhanasekar B. , Prabhu Nayana , Malla Nirjalla , Agarwal Priyanka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe success of an ocular prosthesis depends largely on the correct orientation of the iris disk. Various methods have been put forth to achieve this. This article emphasizes one such simplified method, wherein a customized scale has been used to orient the iris disk mediolaterally, superoinferiorly, and anteroposteriorly in an ocular prosthesis. A scleral wax pattern was fabricated. The customized scale was used to measure the dimension and orientation of the natural iris. These measurements were then transferred to the scleral wax pattern with the customized scale. An iris disk was fabricated using black crayon on the scleral wax pattern according to the measurements. The scleral wax pattern, including the iris disk, was then placed in the eye socket to verify its dimension and orientation. A prefabricated iris disk was modified according to the measured dimensions and transferred to the final scleral wax pattern. The transfer of these dimensions to the definitive prosthesis was achieved successfully, ultimately improving the patient's social and psychological well being.
Egoistic and Moralistic Self‐Enhancement in the Eye of the Beholder: A Cross‐Informant Study
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Alessandri Guido 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study was conceived to assess the agreement between self‐ and other reports of egoistic (E) and moralistic (M) self‐enhancement (SE). A self‐report scale assessing E‐SE and M‐SE was filled out by 304 participants (mean age = 39.11, SD = 10.12, 54% female). The scale, with items worded in third person, was also completed by 304 informants (one for each target participant). Data were subjected to a correlated‐traits correlated‐methods model. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded two distinct factors for both self‐ and other ratings of E‐SE and M‐SE. A significant correlation across raters was observed for each factor. Proportion of trait variance was .58 for E‐SE and .35 for M‐SE. Proportion of method variance was .24 and .41, respectively. E‐SE and M‐SE were substantially correlated within each data source. However, the two measures became orthogonal after method variance was partialed out. Measures of E‐SE and M‐SE include both trait and artifactual components of variance, which are likely to reflect individual differences in the style of self‐presentation and response bias (i.e., tendencies to exaggerate agentic and communal qualities). The trait components of E‐SE and M‐SE represent two unrelated tendencies that can be captured and distinguished not only through self‐judgments, but also by an external observer.
Personality, Emotional Adjustment, and Cardiovascular Risk: Marriage as a Mechanism
Authors: Smith Timothy W. , Baron Carolynne E. , Grove Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA variety of aspects of personality and emotional adjustment predict the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD), as do indications of marital quality (e.g., satisfaction, conflict, strain, disruption). Importantly, the personality traits and aspects of emotional adjustment that predict CHD are also related to marital quality. In such instances of correlated risk factors, traditional epidemiological and clinical research typically either ignores the potentially overlapping effects or examines independent associations through statistical controls, approaches that can misrepresent the key components and mechanisms of psychosocial effects on CHD. The interpersonal perspective in personality and clinical psychology provides an alternative and integrative approach, through its structural and process models of interpersonal behavior. We present this perspective on psychosocial risk and review research on its application to the integration of personality, emotional adjustment, and marital processes as closely interrelated influences on health and disease.
An Examination of Information Quality as a Moderator of Accurate Personality Judgment
Authors: Letzring Tera D. , Human Lauren J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInformation quality is an important moderator of the accuracy of personality judgment, and this article describes research focusing on how specific kinds of information are related to accuracy. In this study, 228 participants (159 female, 69 male; mean age = 23.43; 86.4% Caucasian) in unacquainted dyads were assigned to discuss thoughts and feelings, discuss behaviors, or engage in behaviors. Interactions lasted 25–30 min, and participants provided ratings of their partners and themselves following the interaction on the Big Five traits, ego‐control, and ego‐resiliency. Next, the amount of different types of information made available by each participant was objectively coded. The accuracy criterion, composed of self‐ and acquaintance ratings, was used to assess distinctive and normative accuracy using the Social Accuracy Model. Participants in the discussion conditions achieved higher distinctive accuracy than participants who engaged in behaviors, but normative accuracy did not differ across conditions. Information about specific behaviors and general behaviors were among the most consistent predictors of higher distinctive accuracy. Normative accuracy was more likely to decrease than increase when higher‐quality information was available. Verbal information about behaviors is the most useful for learning about how people are unique.
WHAT ATTRACTS KNOWLEDGE WORKERS? THE ROLE OF SPACE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Miguélez Ernest , Moreno Rosina 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of the geographical mobility of skilled individuals, such as inventors, across European regions. Among a large number of variables, we focus on the role of social proximity between inventors’ communities. We use a control function approach to address the endogenous nature of networks, and zero‐inflated negative binomial models to accommodate our estimations to the count nature of the dependent variable and the high number of zeros it contains. Our results highlight the importance of physical proximity, job opportunities, social networks, as well as other relational variables in mediating this phenomenon.
THE DETERMINANTS OF LOCALIZATION AND URBANIZATION ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE LOCATION OF NEW FIRMS IN SPAIN
Authors: Jofre‐Monseny Jordi , Marín‐López Raquel , Viladecans‐Marsal Elisabet 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze why firms in some industries locate in specialized economic environments (localization economies) while those in other industries prefer large city locations (urbanization economies). To this end, we examine the location decisions of new manufacturing firms in Spain at the city level and for narrowly defined industries. First, we estimate firm location models to obtain estimates that reflect the importance of localization and urbanization economies in each industry. Then, we regress these estimates on industry characteristics related to the potential importance of labor market pooling, input sharing, and knowledge spillovers. Urbanization effects are high in knowledge‐intensive industries, suggesting that firms locate in large cities to benefit from knowledge spillovers. We also find that localization effects are high in industries that employ workers whose skills are more industry‐specific, suggesting that industries locate in specialized economic environments to share a common pool of specialized workers.
Bacteroides fragilis concealed in an infant with Escherichia coli meningitis
Authors: Ganeshalingham Anusha , Buckley David , Shaw Ian , Freeman Joshua T , Wilson Francessa , Best Emma 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnaerobic meningitis in infants is rare, therefore a high index of clinical suspicion is essential as routine methods for processing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) do not detect anaerobes and specific antimicrobial therapy is required. We present an infant with Escherichia coli meningitis where treatment‐resistance developed in association with culture negative purulent CSF. These features should have alerted us to the presence of anaerobes, prompting a search for the causes of polymicrobial meningitis in infants.
Infant wheeze: Is asthma a possibility?
Authors: Pattemore Philip K 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost infant wheeze is not asthma. Nonetheless, infants are able to develop reversible airway obstruction with or without allergic sensitisation, and asthma does occur at this age. The many other causes of infant wheeze, however, make asthma more difficult to distinguish from the background ‘noise’. Consideration of risk factors and clinical features can enable some infants to be given a provisional diagnosis and, if their symptoms are disabling, a cautious trial of asthma treatment.
Correlated Equilibrium, Conformity, and Stereotyping in Social Groups
Authors: CARTWRIGHT EDWARD , WOODERS MYRNA 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe argue that a social norm and the coordination of behavior within social groups can be expressed by a correlated equilibrium. Given a social group structure (a partition of individuals into social groups), we propose four conditions that one may expect of a correlated equilibrium consistent with social norms. These are: (1) within‐group anonymity (conformity within groups), (2) group independence (no conformity between groups), (3) homophily (individuals in the same group have similar attributes), and (4) predictable group behavior (ex post stability). We demonstrate that correlated equilibrium satisfying (1)–(3) exist very generally and equilibrium satisfying (1)–(4) exist in games with many players. We also consider stereotyped beliefs—beliefs that all individuals in a social group can be expected to behave in the same way—and show that stereotyping is not costly to the person who stereotypes but may or may not be beneficial to society.
Thematic Clubs and the Supremacy of Network Externalities
Authors: AMIR RABAH , GABSZEWICZ JEAN , RESENDE JOANA 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe explore the issue of minorities' survival in the presence of positive network externalities. We rely on a simple example of thematic clubs to illustrate why and how such survival problems might appear, first considering the case of simple‐network effects (fully anonymous externalities) and then the case of cross‐network effects (type‐dependent externalities). In both cases, the analysis is framed as a simple noncooperative game with a continuum of players and binary action sets. There is a unique and interior Nash equilibrium under mild network effects and two corner equilibria under strong network effects, with one club driven out. A utilitarian planner would accentuate the clustering effects of network externalities, and call for the disappearance of the minority club more often than the noncooperative solution. A simple myopic learning algorithm capturing the progression of network lock‐in effects is studied.
Variants of Hop stunt viroid Associated with Mulberry Vein Clearing in Iran
Authors: Amiri Mazhar Mahdi , Bagherian Seyed Ali Akbar , Izadpanah Keramat 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSamples of mulberry leaves showing vein clearing, yellow speckle and leaf deformation symptoms were collected in the Fars Province of Iran. Grafting of buds from affected trees onto a number of healthy mulberry rootstocks resulted in transmission of the pathogen 40 days postinoculation. Likewise, mechanical inoculation of sap from affected leaves resulted in induction of similar symptoms in mulberry seedlings. Total nucleic acid was extracted from leaf tissues and subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd)‐specific primers, followed by sequencing of PCR products. RT‐PCR with HSVd primers amplified a 302‐ or 305‐bp product from affected samples, but none from healthy plants. CEVd was not detected in affected trees. HSVd was also found in graft‐ and mechanically inoculated plants. Sequence analyses showed three variants of HSVd in symptomatic mulberries related to plum and peach variants of this viroid with 94.9% identity, but with only 93% identity to Lebanese and Italian mulberry isolates. This is the first report of HSVd associated with vein clearing in mulberry in Iran.