bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein load in pre‐storage and post‐storage white blood cell‐filtered red blood cell transfusions in premature infants
Authors: Say B. , Sari F. N. , Oguz S. S. , Degirmencioglu H. , Arayici S. , Kadioglu Simsek G. , Ibrisim E. G. , Dilmen U. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYObjectiveLeukocyte contamination during blood transfusion can cause many adverse effects. Filtration can be performed either at bedside during the transfusion or as pre‐storage filtration. Pre‐storage filtration is superior to bedside filtration because leukocytes are removed prior to storage, thus preventing further adverse effects associated with the storage of these cells.Methods and MaterialsOne hundred and six infants were randomised into two groups: pre‐storage filtration (group 1, n = 53) and bedside filtration (group 2, n = 53). C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were analysed within 24 h prior to the transfusion and 24 h after completion of the transfusion.ResultsIn group 1, pre‐transfusion median CRP and IL‐6 levels were 2·95 (0·73–10·25) mg L−1 and 8·59 (3·45–20·55) pg L−1, respectively, and post‐transfusion median CRP and IL‐6 levels were 2·28 (0·44–12·87) mg L−1 and 6·62 (2·18–27·87) pg L−1, respectively. In group 2, pre‐transfusion median CRP and IL‐6 levels were 1·30 (0·40–7·84) mg L−1 and 4·40 (2–17·12) pg L−1, respectively, and post‐transfusion median CRP and IL‐6 levels were 3·50 (0·50–7·85) mg L−1 and 8·30 (3·48–23·75) pg L−1, respectively. There were no differences between pre‐storage and post‐storage leukoreduction average IL‐6 and CRP levels in either group (P > 0·05 for both). Packed red blood cell (PRBC)‐related necrotizing enterocolitis was detected in one infant in group 2.ConclusionsBecause leukocytes in PRBC transfusions can be associated with many undesirable effects, leukoreduction is the best choice to prevent those effects. However, this method is still controversial. We demonstrated that using pre‐storage and post‐storage leukoreduction methods in erythrocyte transfusions did not change CRP or IL‐6 levels, which are indicators of acute‐phase response.
Gene network analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana flower development through dynamic gene perturbations
Authors: Ó'Maoiléidigh Diarmuid S. , Thomson Bennett , Raganelli Andrea , Wuest Samuel E. , Ryan Patrick T. , Kwaśniewska Kamila , Carles Cristel C. , Graciet Emmanuelle , Wellmer Frank 
Published: May 2015

SummaryUnderstanding how flowers develop from undifferentiated stem cells has occupied developmental biologists for decades. Key to unraveling this process is a detailed knowledge of the global regulatory hierarchies that control developmental transitions, cell differentiation and organ growth. These hierarchies may be deduced from gene perturbation experiments, which determine the effects on gene expression after specific disruption of a regulatory gene. Here, we tested experimental strategies for gene perturbation experiments during Arabidopsis thaliana flower development. We used artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) to disrupt the functions of key floral regulators, and expressed them under the control of various inducible promoter systems that are widely used in the plant research community. To be able to perform genome‐wide experiments with stage‐specific resolution using the various inducible promoter systems for gene perturbation experiments, we also generated a series of floral induction systems that allow collection of hundreds of synchronized floral buds from a single plant. Based on our results, we propose strategies for performing dynamic gene perturbation experiments in flowers, and outline how they may be combined with versions of the floral induction system to dissect the gene regulatory network underlying flower development.
Pollen S–locus F–box proteins of Petunia involved in S–RNase‐based self‐incompatibility are themselves subject to ubiquitin‐mediated degradation
Authors: Sun Penglin , Li Shu , Lu Dihong , Williams Justin S. , Kao Teh‐Hui 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMany flowering plants show self‐incompatibility, an intra‐specific reproductive barrier by which pistils reject self‐pollen to prevent inbreeding and accept non‐self pollen to promote out‐crossing. In Petunia, the polymorphic S–locus determines self/non‐self recognition. The locus contains a gene encoding an S–RNase, which controls pistil specificity, and multiple S‐locus F‐box (SLF) genes that collectively control pollen specificity. Each SLF is a component of an SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F‐box) complex that is responsible for mediating degradation of non‐self S‐RNase(s), with which the SLF interacts, via the ubiquitin–26S proteasome pathway. A complete set of SLFs is required to detoxify all non‐self S‐RNases to allow cross‐compatible pollination. Here, we show that SLF1 of Petunia inflata is itself subject to degradation via the ubiquitin–26S proteasome pathway, and identify an 18 amino acid sequence in the C‐terminal region of S2‐SLF1 (SLF1 of S2 haplotype) that contains a degradation motif. Seven of the 18 amino acids are conserved among all 17 SLF proteins of S2 haplotype and S3 haplotype involved in pollen specificity, suggesting that all SLF proteins are probably subject to similar degradation. Deleting the 18 amino acid sequence from S2‐SLF1 stabilized the protein but abolished its function in self‐incompatibility, suggesting that dynamic cycling of SLF proteins is an integral part of their function in self‐incompatibility.
The Development and Use of Evidence Summaries for Point of Care Information Systems: A Streamlined Rapid Review Approach
Authors: Munn Zachary , Lockwood Craig , Moola Sandeep 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundA systematic review of evidence is the research method which underpins the traditional approach to evidence‐based health care. As systematic reviews follow a rigorous methodology, they can take a substantial amount of time to complete ranging in duration from 6 months to 2 years. Rapid reviews have been proposed as a method to provide summaries of the literature in a more timely fashion.AimThe aim of this paper is to outline our experience of developing evidence summaries in the context of a point of care resource as a contribution to the emerging field of rapid review methodologies.MethodsEvidence summaries are defined as a synopsis that summarizes existing international evidence on healthcare interventions or activities. These summaries are based on structured searches of the literature and selected evidence‐based healthcare databases. Following the search, all studies are assessed for internal validity using an abridged set of critical appraisal tools. Once developed, they undergo three levels of peer review by internal and external experts.ResultsAs of November 2014, there are 2458 evidence summaries that have been created across a range of conditions to inform evidence‐based healthcare practices. In addition, there is ongoing development of various new evidence summaries on a wide range of topics. Approximately 60–70 new evidence summaries are published every month, covering research in various medical specialty areas. All summaries are updated annually.Linking Evidence to ActionSystematic reviews, although the ideal type of research to inform practice, often do not meet the needs of users at the point of care. This article describes the development framework for the creation of evidence summaries, a type of rapid review. Although evidence summaries may result in a less rigorous process of development, they can be useful for improving practice at the point of care.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D. 
Published: May 2015

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
The Bamboo-Eating Giant Panda Harbors a Carnivore-Like Gut Microbiota, with Excessive Seasonal Variations
Authors: Xue Zhengsheng , Zhang Wenping , Wang Linghua , Hou Rong , Zhang Menghui , Fei Lisong , Zhang Xiaojun , Huang He , Bridgewater Laura C. , Jiang Yi , Jiang Chenglin , Zhao Liping , Pang Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhihe 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe giant panda evolved from omnivorous bears. It lives on a bamboo-dominated diet at present, but it still retains a typical carnivorous digestive system and is genetically deficient in cellulose-digesting enzymes. To find out whether this endangered mammalian species, like other herbivores, has successfully developed a gut microbiota adapted to its fiber-rich diet, we conducted a 16S rRNA gene-based large-scale structural profiling of the giant panda fecal microbiota. Forty-five captive individuals were sampled in spring, summer, and late autumn within 1 year. Significant intraindividual variations in the diversity and structure of gut microbiota across seasons were observed in this population, which were even greater than the variations between individuals. Compared with published data sets involving 124 gut microbiota profiles from 54 mammalian species, these giant pandas, together with 9 captive and 7 wild individuals investigated previously, showed extremely low gut microbiota diversity and an overall structure that diverged from those of nonpanda herbivores but converged with those of carnivorous and omnivorous bears. The giant panda did not harbor putative cellulose-degrading phylotypes such asRuminococcaceaeandBacteroidesbacteria that are typically enriched in other herbivores, but instead, its microbiota was dominated byEscherichia/ShigellaandStreptococcusbacteria. Members of the classClostridiawere common and abundant in the giant panda gut microbiota, but most of the members present were absent in other herbivores and were not phylogenetically related with known cellulolytic lineages. Therefore, the giant panda appears not to have evolved a gut microbiota compatible with its newly adopted diet, which may adversely influence the coevolutionary fitness of this herbivore.IMPORTANCEThe giant panda, an endangered mammalian species endemic to western China, is well known for its unique bamboo diet. Unlike other herbivores that have successfully evolved anatomically specialized digestive systems to efficiently deconstruct fibrous plant matter, the giant panda still retains a gastrointestinal tract typical of carnivores. We characterized the fecal bacterial communities from a giant panda population to determine whether this animal relies on its symbiotic gut microbiota to cope with the complex carbohydrates that dominate its diet, as is common in other herbivores. We found that the giant panda gut microbiota is low in diversity and highly variable across seasons. It also shows an overall composition typical of bears and entirely differentiated from other herbivores, with low levels of putative cellulose-digesting bacteria. The gut microbiota of this herbivore, therefore, may not have well adapted to its highly fibrous diet, suggesting a potential link with its poor digestive efficiency.
The Bacterium Frischella perrara Causes Scab Formation in the Gut of its Honeybee Host
Authors: Engel Philipp , Bartlett Kelsey D. , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Honeybees harbor well-defined bacterial communities in their guts. The major members of these communities appear to benefit the host, but little is known about how they interact with the host and specifically how they interface with the host immune system. In the pylorus, a short region between the midgut and hindgut, honeybees frequently exhibit scab-like structures on the epithelial gut surface. These structures are reminiscent of a melanization response of the insect immune system. Despite the wide distribution of this phenotype in honeybee populations, its cause has remained elusive. Here, we show that the presence of a common member of the bee gut microbiota, the gammaproteobacterium
Frischella perrara
, correlates with the appearance of the scab phenotype. Bacterial colonization precedes scab formation, and
F. perrara
specifically localizes to the melanized regions of the host epithelium. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we demonstrate that exposure of microbiota-free bees to
F. perrara
but not to other bacteria results in scab formation. This shows that
F. perrara
can become established in a spatially restricted niche in the gut and triggers a morphological change of the epithelial surface, potentially due to a host immune response. As an intermittent colonizer, this bacterium holds promise for addressing questions of community invasion in a simple yet relevant model system. Moreover, our results show that gut symbionts of bees engage in differential host interactions that are likely to affect gut homeostasis. Future studies should focus on how these different gut bacteria impact honeybee health.

IMPORTANCE
As pollinators, honeybees are key species for agricultural and natural ecosystems. Their guts harbor simple communities composed of characteristic bacterial species. Because of these features, bees are ideal systems for studying fundamental aspects of gut microbiota-host interactions. However, little is known about how these bacteria interact with their host. Here, we show that a common member of the bee gut microbiota causes the formation of a scab-like structure on the gut epithelium of its host. This phenotype was first described in 1946, but since then it has not been much further characterized, despite being found in bee populations worldwide. The scab phenotype is reminiscent of melanization, a conserved innate immune response of insects. Our results show that high abundance of one member of the bee gut microbiota triggers this specific phenotype, suggesting that the gut microbiota composition can affect the immune status of this key pollinator species.
Do parental education and income matter? A nationwide register-based study on HPV vaccine uptake in the school-based immunisation programme in Norway
Authors: Feiring Berit , Laake Ida , Molden Tor , Cappelen Inger , Håberg Siri E , Magnus Per , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf Anna , Strand Bjørn Heine , Stålcrantz Jeanette , Trogstad Lill 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveVaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been offeredfree of chargeto all 12-year-old girls in Norway since 2009. Nevertheless, the uptake of HPV vaccine is lower than for other childhood vaccines. The aim of this study was to examine whether parental education and income are associated with initiation and completion of HPV vaccination.DesignNationwide register-based study.SettingPublicly funded childhood immunisation programme in Norway.Participants91 405 girls born between 1997 and 1999 and registered in the Norwegian Central Population Registry were offered HPV vaccine during the first 3 programme years. Of these, 84 139 had complete information on all variables and were included in the study.MeasurementsInformation on HPV-vaccination status was obtained from the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. Data on socioeconomic factors were extracted from Statistics Norway. Risk differences (RDs) and CIs were estimated with Poisson regression.ResultsIn the study sample, 78.3% received at least one dose of HPV vaccine and 73.6% received all three doses. High maternal education was significantly associated with lower probability of initiating HPV vaccination (multivariable RD=−5.5% (95% CI −7.0% to −4.0%) for highest compared with lowest education level). In contrast, high maternal income was significantly associated with higher probability of initiating vaccination (multivariable RD=10.1% (95% CI 9.0% to 11.3%) for highest compared with lowest quintile). Paternal education and income showed similar, but weaker, associations. The negative association between education and initiation was only seen for incomes below the median value.ConclusionsIn spite of the presumably equal access to HPV vaccine in Norway, we found socioeconomic disparities in vaccine uptake. More studies are needed to explain the underlying factors responsible for the observed socioeconomic differences. Insight into these factors is necessary to target information and increase vaccination coverage to ultimately reduce HPV-related disease across socioeconomic barriers.
Occurrence and impact of negative behaviour, including domestic violence and abuse, in men attending UK primary care health clinics: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hester M , Ferrari G , Jones S K , Williamson E , Bacchus L J , Peters T J , Feder G 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo measure the experience and perpetration of negative behaviour, including domestic violence and abuse (DVA), and investigate its associations with health conditions and behaviours in men attending general practice.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted between September 2010 and June 2011.Setting16 general practices in the south west of England.ParticipantsMale patients aged 18 or older, attending alone, who could read and write English. A total of 1403 of eligible patients (58%) participated in the survey and 1368 (56%) completed the questions relevant to this paper. 97% of respondents reported they were heterosexual.Main outcome measuresLifetime occurrence of negative behaviour consistent with DVA, perceived health impact of negative behaviours, associations with anxiety and depression symptoms, and cannabis use in the past 12 months and binge drinking.Results22.7% (95% CI 20.2% to 24.9%) of men reported ever experiencing negative behaviour (feeling frightened, physically hurt, forced sex, ask permission) from a partner. All negative behaviours were associated with a twofold to threefold increased odds of anxiety and depression symptoms in men experiencing or perpetrating negative behaviours or both. 34.9% (95% CI 28.7% to 41.7%) of men who reported experiencing negative behaviour from a partner, and 30.8% (95% CI 23.7% to 37.8%) of men who perpetrated negative behaviours said they had been in a domestically violent or abusive relationship. No associations with problematic drinking were found; there was a weak association with cannabis use.ConclusionsDVA is experienced or perpetrated by a large minority of men presenting to general practice, and these men were more likely to have current symptoms of depression and anxiety. Presentation of anxiety or depression to clinicians may be an indicator of male experience or perpetration of DVA victimisation.
Longitudinal impact of demographic and clinical variables on health-related quality of life in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Abbott Janice , Morton Alison M , Hurley Margaret A , Conway Steven P 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe insights that people with cystic fibrosis have concerning their health are important given that aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are independent predictors of survival and a decrease in lung function is associated with a decrease in HRQoL over time. Cross-sectional data suggest that key variables, other than lung function, are also associated with HRQoL—although study results are equivocal. This work evaluates the relationship between these key demographic and clinical variables and HRQoL longitudinally.DesignLongitudinal observational study. Observations were obtained at seven time points: approximately every 2 years over a 12-year period.SettingLarge adult cystic fibrosis centre in the UK.Participants234 participants aged 14–48 years at recruitment.Outcome measureNine domains of HRQoL (Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life Questionnaire) in relation to demographic (age, gender) and clinical measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, (FEV1)% predicted, body mass index (BMI), cystic fibrosis-related diabetes,Burkholderia cepacia complex, totally implantable vascular access device, nutritional and transplant status).ResultsA total of 770 patient assessments were obtained for 234 patients. The results of random coefficients modelling indicated that demographic and clinical variables were identified as being significant for HRQoL over time. In addition to lung function, transplant status, age, having a totally implantable vascular access device, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, BMI andB. cepacia compleximpacted on many HRQoL domains longitudinally. Gender was important for the domain of body image.ConclusionsDemographic and changes in clinical variables were independently associated with a change in HRQoL over time. Compared with these longitudinal data, cross-sectional data are inadequate when evaluating the relationships between HRQoL domains and key demographic and clinical variables, as they fail to recognise the full impact of the CF disease trajectory and its treatments on quality of life.
Wraparound care for youth injured by violence: study protocol for a pilot randomised control trial
Authors: Snider Carolyn , Jiang Depeng , Logsetty Sarvesh , Strome Trevor , Klassen Terry 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionInjury by violence is the fourth cause of death and the leading reason for a youth to visit an emergency department (ED) in Canada. In Winnipeg, 20% of youth who visit an ED with an injury due to violence have a second visit for a subsequent violent injury within 1 year. Youth injured by violence are in a reflective and receptive state of mind, rendering the ED setting appropriate for intervention.Methods and analysisThis protocol describes a wraparound care model delivered by a support worker with lived experience with violence, supported by social workers and links to multiple community partners. Support workers will be on call 24 h a day, 7 days a week in order to start the intervention in the ED and take advantage of the ‘teachable moment’. The protocol is of a pilot randomised control trial to assess the feasibility of a randomised control trial designed to assess efficacy. For the pilot trial, we will assess recruitment, treatment fidelity, participant adherence and safety. The intervention arm will receive wraparound care initiated at the time of their visit for injury due to violence. The control arm will receive standard care. We will use an adapted preconsent randomisation methodology. This intervention has been developed using an integrated knowledge translation approach.DiscussionInterventions delivered in the ED for youth injured by violence require an approach that is appropriate for the unique situation the youth are in.EthicsThe University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board (HS 16445 (Cohort study) and HS 16444 (WrapAround Care study) granted ethical approval.Trial registration numberNCT01895738.