bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability of the Call Triage Protocol to Detect if Dispatchers Should Activate Community First Responders
Authors: Narikawa Kenji , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Kubota Katsuaki , Suzukawa Masayuki , Yonekawa Chikara , Yamashita Keisuke , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Yasuda Yasuharu , Kobayashi Akihiro , Iijima Kazunori 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionShortening response time to an emergency call leads to the success of resuscitation by chest compression and defibrillation. However, response by ambulance or fire truck is not fast enough for resuscitation in Japan. In rural areas, response times can be more than 10 minutes. One possible way to shorten the response time is to establish a system of first responders (eg, police officers or firefighters) who are trained appropriately to perform resuscitation. Another possible way is to use a system of Community First Responders (CFRs) who are trained neighbors. At present, there are no call triage protocols to decide if dispatchers should activate CFRs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the predictability to detect if dispatchers should activate CFRs.MethodsTwo CFR call triage protocols (CFR protocol Ver.0 and Ver.1) were established. The predictability of CFR protocols was examined by comparing the paramedic field reports. From the results of sensitivity of CFR protocol, the numbers of annual CFR activations were calculated. All data were collected, prospectively, for four months from October 1, 2012 through January 31, 2013.ResultsThe ROC-AUC values appear slightly higher in CFR protocol Ver.1 (0.857; 95% CI, 79.8-91.7) than in CFR protocol Ver.0 (0.847; 95% CI, 79.0-90.3). The number of annual CFR activations is higher in CFR protocol Ver.0 (7.47) than in CFR protocol Ver.1 (5.45).ConclusionTwo call triage protocols have almost the same predictability as the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The study indicates that CFR protocol Ver.1 is better than CFR protocol Ver.0 because of the higher predictability and low number of activations. Also, it indicates that CFRs who are not medical professionals can respond to a patient with cardiac arrest.NarikawaK, SakamotoT, KubotaK, SuzukawaM, YonekawaC, YamashitaK, ToyokuniY, YasudaY, KobayashiA, IijimaK. Predictability of the call triage protocol to detect if dispatchers should activate Community First Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-5.
Linking plant and ecosystem functional biogeography
Authors: Reichstein Markus , Bahn Michael , Mahecha Miguel D. , Kattge Jens , Baldocchi Dennis D. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
This article defines ecosystem functional properties, which can be derived from long-term observations of gas and energy exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, and shows that variations of those cannot be easily explained by classical climatological or biogeographical approaches such as plant functional types. Instead, we argue that plant traits have the potential to explain this variation, and we call for a stronger integration of research communities dedicated to plant traits and to ecosystem–atmosphere exchange.
Ten-percent solar-to-fuel conversion with nonprecious materials
Authors: Cox Casandra R. , Lee Jungwoo Z. , Nocera Daniel G. , Buonassisi Tonio 
Published: September 2014

Significance
For solar water splitting to be an economically viable resource, a 10% or higher solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is required. Silicon photovoltaics (PV) are particularly attractive because silicon absorbs most of the solar spectrum, is nonprecious, and PV devices have dropped in price dramatically within the last decade. We demonstrate that by coupling a buried-junction silicon PV module with water-splitting catalysts, a 10% solar-to-fuels efficiency is achieved using all nonprecious and technology-ready materials.
Exact solution for a metapopulation version of Schelling’s model
Authors: Durrett Richard , Zhang Yuan 
Published: September 2014

Significance
More than 40 y ago, Schelling introduced one of the first agent-based models in the social sciences. The model showed that even if people only have a mild preference for living with neighbors of the same color, complete segregation will occur. This model has been much discussed by social scientists and analyzed by physicists using analogies with spin-1 Ising models and other systems. Here, we study the metapopulation version of the model, which mimics the division of a city into neighborhoods, and we present the first analysis to our knowledge that gives detailed information about the structure of equilibria and explicit formulas for their densities.
Lgr4 is required for endometrial receptivity acquired through ovarian hormone signaling
Authors: Kida Tomoyo , Oyama Kazunori , Sone Mizuki , Koizumi Masae , Hidema Shizu , Nishimori Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Previously, using the Keratin5-Cre transgenic mouse model we reported that female Lgr4-conditional KO mice (Lgr4K5 KO) showed subfertility with defective stromal decidualization due to abnormal development of the uterine gland. However, the impact of the LGR4 defect on luminal epithelial cells was not investigated in the previous report. Here, we focused on the receptive state of the luminal epithelium in Lgr4K5 KO mice that received ovarian hormone treatment. In Lgr4K5 KO mice, progesterone failed to inhibit the luminal epithelial cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analyses revealed down-regulated progesterone signaling in the uterus of Lgr4K5 KO mice. These results demonstrated that LGR4 is essential for the acquisition of endometrial receptivity through ovarian hormone signaling.
Where is the land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States *
Authors: Chetty Raj , Hendren Nathaniel , Kline Patrick , Saez Emmanuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of intergenerational mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child’s income. Second, intergenerational mobility varies substantially across areas within the United States. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward mobility. High mobility areas have (i) less residential segregation, (ii) less income inequality, (iii) better primary schools, (iv) greater social capital, and (v) greater family stability. Although our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward mobility, the publicly available statistics on intergenerational mobility developed here can facilitate research on such mechanisms.
First Report of Carnation vein mottle virus Infecting Dianthus amurensis in China
Authors: Li M. R. , Zhu J. , Gao J. , Li R. H. , Li F. 
Published: September 2014

Dianthus amurensis, commonly known as Amur Pink, is a species of the genus Dianthus in the family Caryophyllaceae. This perennial Dianthus is also a Chinese medicinal herb. In August 2012, mosaic, leaf cupping, leaf distortion, reduction in leaf size, and flower-breaking symptoms were observed on some D. amurensis plants in a Chinese herb nursery in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Disease incidences ranged from 40 to 50% in different plots. Symptoms on diseased D. amurensis were similar to those on the diseased D. caryophyllus, D. barbatus, and D. japonicus. The symptoms resembled to those caused by Carnation vein mottle virus (CVMoV), a member of genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae (3). CVMoV infects carnations (D. caryophyllus) worldwide and causes a serious disease. To investigate the presence of CVMoV, leaf samples were collected from three symptomatic plants and tested by dot-ELISA using universal potyvirus group monoclonal antibody (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). The antibody reacted with the diseased samples, supporting the presence of a potyvirus. To identify the potyvirus species, total nucleic acids were extracted from the diseased samples by a CTAB method (2) and used as template in RT-PCR with potyvirus universal primers Sprimer and M4T (1). An amplicon of the expected size (~1.7 kb) was obtained from all three diseased samples. The amplicons were cloned into pMD18-T vector (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced. Sequences obtained from all three samples were identical and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KJ605654). BLAST search showed that the nucleotide sequence shared 97 and 98% identity with a Japanese CVMoV isolate infecting D. japonicus (AB017630) (3) and a Korean CVMoV isolate (AY512554), respectively. The results confirmed the association of CVMoV with the disease on D. amurensis. To determine the pathogenicity of CVMoV to D. amurensis plants, purified CVMoV from the diseased plants were used to inoculate to healthy Dianthus spp. plants. Inoculated Dianthus spp. plants also showed the symptoms of mottle, leaf cupping, and leaf distortion, and CVMoV could be detected by RT-PCR from these plants. The result confirms that CVMoV is the causal agent of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CVMoV infection in D. amurensis. Since D. amurensis is economically important in China, proper virus management strategies for the cultivation of this crop should be adopted. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) R. Li et al. J. Virol. Methods 154:48, 2008. (3) T. Sasaya et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 66:251, 2000.
Overexpression of miR‐200b inhibits the cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblastsin vitro
Authors: Li Ping , He Quan‐Yong , Luo Cheng‐Qun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHypertrophic scarring leads to a deformed appearance and contracted neogenetic tissue, resulting in physiological and psychological problems for patients. Millions of people suffer these discomforts each year. Emerging evidence has reported that miRNAcontributed to hypertrophic scarring or keloid formation. In this study, nine hypertrophic scar samples and the matched normal skin tissues were used to perform a miRNAmicroarray. The results of miRNAarray showed that miR‐200b was downregulated by more than 2‐fold, validated by qPCRin hypertrophic scar tissues and human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, suggesting that there was an important correlation between miR‐200b and hypertrophic scarring. We also found that miR‐200b affected hypertrophic scarring through regulating the cell proliferation and apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by affecting the collagen I and III synthesis, fibronectin expression andTGF‐β1/α‐SMAsignaling. Thus, our study provides evidence to support that miR‐200b may be a useful target for hypertrophic scarring management.
Antifungal effect of TONS504‐photodynamic therapy on Malassezia furfur
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Nakajima Susumu , Sakata Isao , Iizuka Hajime 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNumerous reports indicate therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against skin tumors, acne and for skin rejuvenation. However, few reports exist regarding its efficacy for fungal skin diseases. In order to determine the antifungal effect, PDT was applied on Malassezia furfur. M. furfur was cultured in the presence of a novel cationic photosensitizer, TONS504, and was irradiated with a 670‐nm diode laser. TONS504‐PDT showed a significant antifungal effect against M. furfur. The effect was irradiation dose‐ and TONS504 concentration‐dependent and the maximal effect was observed at 100 J/cm2 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, TONS504‐PDT showed antifungal effect against M. furfur in vitro, and may be a new therapeutic modality for M. furfur‐related skin disorders.
Late‐onset anaphylactic reactions following i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse in a patient with systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome
Authors: Taniguchi Takashi , Asano Yoshihide , Tamaki Zenshiro , Takahashi Takehiro , Ichimura Yohei , Toyama Tetsuo , Kagami Shinji , Mitsui Hiroshi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLate‐onset anaphylactic reaction is a rare adverse effect of i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse (IVCY), which is caused by cyclophosphamide metabolites. We herein report a case of scleroderma and lupus overlap syndrome who developed anaphylactic reactions 3 h to 4 days after IVCY. Long time lapses between IVCY and appearance of symptoms are compatible with type I hypersensitivity to cyclophosphamide metabolites, appearing as late‐onset anaphylactic reaction. Albeit unusual, this is an important anaphylactic reaction to be aware of following IVCY.
An experimental study of solid matrix weakening in water‐saturated Savonnières limestone
Authors: Lebedev Maxim , Wilson Moyra E.J. , Mikhaltsevitch Vassily 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPetrophysical properties of carbonate reservoirs are less predictable than that of siliciclastic reservoirs. One of the main reasons for this is the physical and chemical interactions of carbonate rocks with pore fluids. Such interactions can significantly change the elastic properties of the rock matrix and grains, making the applicability of Gassmann's fluid substitution procedure debatable. This study is an attempt to understand the mechanisms of fluid‐rock interactions and the influence of these interactions on elastic parameters of carbonates. We performed precise indentation tests on Savonnières limestone at a microscale level under dry, distilled water, and n‐Decane saturated conditions. Our experiments display softening of the rock matrix after water saturation. We have found that mainly the ooid cortices, peloid nuclei and prismatic intergranular cement are affected by water flooding. We also observed a shear modulus reduction in Savonnières limestone in an experiment performed at ultrasonic frequencies. One of the most important results obtained in our experimental study is that the Gassmann fluid substitution theory might not always be applicable to predict the elastic moduli of fluid‐saturated limestones.
Regional bone change in intramuscular haemangioma mimicking primary bone tumour
Authors: Shikhare Sumer , Chacko Julio K , Chuah Khoon L 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntramuscular haemangiomas are benign soft‐tissue tumours, commonly located in the extremities. We present a right‐leg intramuscular haemangioma with florid periosteal reaction in adjacent tibia, mimicking a primary bone tumour. Plain radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging features are illustrated with the surgical and histopathological findings. Radiologists need to be familiar with reactive bone changes secondary to deep‐seated intramuscular haemangiomas to avoid potential misdiagnosis.
Touching Like a State
Authors: Woodward Keith , Bruzzone Mario 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper offers a theorization of how the state touches. Through an analysis of the extensive 2011 protests over Wisconsin Senate Bill 11, we interrogate the relatively non‐violent interactions between police and protesters during the 17‐day occupation of the Wisconsin State Capitol building. On display there were diverse police deployments of “soft” force and haptic touching, technologies that enabled officers to subtly affect the movements and relations of protester crowds without resorting to familiar coercion‐ and consent‐based politics. We offer a pair of concepts, cathexis and l'esprit de l'escalier, to diagram how statist touches were mobilized to catch individuals unawares and momentarily co‐opt their bodily affects. These modes of control suggest much greater savvy regarding touch, force, and affect than is often granted in representations of the state apparatus. In light of this, we close with a reflection on the changing tactical grounds for struggle.
The effect of a natural feed additive (Macleaya cordata), containing sanguinarine, on the performance and health status of weaning pigs
Authors: Kantas Dimitrios , Papatsiros Vasileios G. , Tassis Panagiotis D. , Athanasiou Labrini V. , Tzika Eleni D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Sangrovit®, a plant‐derived feed additive, given throughout the nursery stage via feed at 15 ppm and 50 ppm, on the health status and performance of weaners against negative controls. In a 900‐sow farrow‐to‐finish farm, a total of 864 piglets were divided into three groups: (i) negative controls (NC); (ii) Sang 15: same feed as NCs, plus 15 g Sangrovit® /t of feed; (iii) Sang 50: same feed as NCs plus 50 g Sangrovit® /t of feed. The results indicated that administration of 50 ppm‐Sangrovit® had the most beneficial effects on growth performance in weaning pigs. Specifically there was increase of body weight and average daily gain, as well as reduction of feed conversion ratio. Blood analysis from the Sang groups and especially the Sang 50 group revealed low values of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A.
Effect of Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) ensilaging with two developed enzyme cocktails on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in sheep
Authors: Alsersy Haidy , Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. , Borhami Borhami E. , Olivares Jaime , Gado Hany M. , Mariezcurrena Maria D. , Yacuot Mohamed H. , Kholif Ahmed E. , El‐Adawy Mounir , Hernandez Saul R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding Atriplex halimus (AH) silage treated with two developed enzyme cocktails to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The AH silage was treated without or with 2 L of ZAD1® or ZAD2®/1000 kg with 5% molasses and ensiled for 30 days. Barley grain (300 g/head/day) was fed as an energy supplement once daily at 10.00 hours and AH silage with or without enzyme treatment was offered ad libitum to animals twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours. Sheep were fed on four experimental forage diets comprised of AH silage and barley (D1), AH silage treated with ZAD1® and barley (D2), AH silage treated with ZAD2® and barley (D3) and AH silage treated with a combination of ZAD1® and ZAD2® (1:1) and barley (D4). Ensiling AH with enzymes reduced its contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The dry matter intake of AH of D2, D3 and D4 decreased (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. However, enzyme‐treated diets had greater total digestible nutrients intake (P < 0.001) as compared to D1. The nutrients digestibility for D2, D3 and D4 were higher than those for D1 (P < 0.001), and were higher for D3 as compared to both D2 and D4. Sheep fed on D3 had highest (P < 0.001) ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and microbial protein yield. It could be concluded that AH silage treated with ZAD1® or ZAD2® improved digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep.
Estimation of genetic parameters for heat stress, including dominance gene effects, on milk yield in Thai Holstein dairy cattle
Authors: Boonkum Wuttigrai , Duangjinda Monchai 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHeat stress in tropical regions is a major cause that strongly negatively affects to milk production in dairy cattle. Genetic selection for dairy heat tolerance is powerful technique to improve genetic performance. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and investigate the threshold point of heat stress for milk yield. Data included 52 701 test‐day milk yield records for the first parity from 6247 Thai Holstein dairy cattle, covering the period 1990 to 2007. The random regression test day model with EM‐REML was used to estimate variance components, genetic parameters and milk production loss. A decline in milk production was found when temperature and humidity index (THI) exceeded a threshold of 74, also it was associated with the high percentage of Holstein genetics. All variance component estimates increased with THI. The estimate of heritability of test‐day milk yield was 0.231. Dominance variance as a proportion to additive variance (0.035) indicated that non‐additive effects might not be of concern for milk genetics studies in Thai Holstein cattle. Correlations between genetic and permanent environmental effects, for regular conditions and due to heat stress, were − 0.223 and − 0.521, respectively. The heritability and genetic correlations from this study show that simultaneous selection for milk production and heat tolerance is possible.
Intake ofStJohn's wort improves the glucose tolerance in healthy subjects who ingest metformin compared with metformin alone
Authors: Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Pedersen Rasmus Steen , Damkier Per , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard , Feddersen Søren , Larsen John Teilmann , Højlund Kurt , Brøsen Kim 
Published: September 2014

AimsOur objective was to investigate the steady‐state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the antidepressive herbal medicineStJohn's wort and the antidiabetic drug metformin.MethodsWe performed an open cross‐over study in 20 healthy male subjects, who received 1 g of metformin twice daily for 1 week with and without 21 days of preceding and concomitant treatment withStJohn's wort. The pharmacokinetics of metformin was determined, and a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test was performed.ResultsStJohn's wort decreased the renal clearance of metformin but did not affect any other metformin pharmacokinetic parameter. The addition ofStJohn's wort decreased the area under the glucose concentration–time curve [702 (95% confidence interval, 643–761)vs. 629 min*mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 568–690),P= 0.003], and this effect was caused by a statistically significant increase in the acute insulin response.ConclusionsStJohn's wort improves glucose tolerance by enhancing insulin secretion independently of insulin sensitivity in healthy male subjects taking metformin.
Learning General Phonological Rules From Distributional Information: A Computational Model
Authors: Calamaro Shira , Jarosz Gaja 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhonological rules create alternations in the phonetic realizations of related words. These rules must be learned by infants in order to identify the phonological inventory, the morphological structure, and the lexicon of a language. Recent work proposes a computational model for the learning of one kind of phonological alternation, allophony (Peperkamp, Le Calvez, Nadal, & Dupoux, 2006). This paper extends the model to account for learning of a broader set of phonological alternations and the formalization of these alternations as general rules. In Experiment 1, we apply the original model to new data in Dutch and demonstrate its limitations in learning nonallophonic rules. In Experiment 2, we extend the model to allow it to learn general rules for alternations that apply to a class of segments. In Experiment 3, the model is further extended to allow for generalization by context; we argue that this generalization must be constrained by linguistic principles.