bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of ethanol and biomass from thin stillage by Neurospora intermedia: A pilot study for process diversification
Authors: Ferreira Jorge A. , Lennartsson Patrik R. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: July 2015

Dry mill ethanol processes produce ethanol and animal feed from whole grains, where the wastewater after the distillation and separation of solid materials is called “thin stillage.” In this work, similar production of ethanol (3.5 g/L) and biomass (5 g/L) from thin stillage was obtained during batch cultivation of the edible fungus Neurospora intermedia in a 2‐m high airlift reactor and bubble column. The fungal biomass, containing 50% w/w protein and 12% w/w lipids, was rich in essential amino acids and omega‐3 and ‐6 fatty acids. In a continuous mode of fermentation, dilution rates of up to 0.2 h−1 could be applied without cell washout in the bubble column at 0.5 vvm. At 0.1 h−1, around 5 g/L of ethanol and 4 g/L of biomass containing ca. 50% w/w protein were produced. The fungus was able to assimilate saccharides in the liquid fraction as well as sugar backbones such as xylan and arabinan in the solid fraction. The inclusion of the current process could potentially lead to the production of 11 000 m3 of ethanol (5.5% improvement vs. normal industrial process) and around 6300 tons of high‐quality biomass for animal feed at a typical facility producing 200 000 m3 ethanol per year.
Energy and water use for drip‐irrigated potato in the Middle Anatolian region of Turkey
Authors: Yavuz Duran , Suheri Sinan , Yavuz Nurcan 
Published: July 2015

This study was conducted to determine the energy consumption and the relationship between energy input and yield for drip‐irrigated potato under Middle Anatolian climatic conditions in Konya, Turkey. Also, the specific amount of energy consumed in irrigation was determined for both surface water and ground water sources. The experiment was carried out during the growing periods of 2008 and 2009. The results showed that total energy inputs were 63,222 MJ ha−1. About 62% of the total energy inputs in potato production were found to be indirect energy (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, and polyethylene pipe) and 38% was direct energy (human labor, electricity, and diesel). Irrigation consumed the most energy, accounting for 43.8% of total energy inputs. Amongst the direct energy inputs, irrigation had the maximum share of direct energy viz. 15,473 MJ ha−1, which was almost 65% of direct energy input. Specific energy consumption of a drip irrigation system that takes water from surface and ground water sources was found to be 1.85 and 2.53 MJ m−3 respectively. When the per unit volume of irrigation water was applied to the field, the specific energy consumption of drip systems was higher for ground water than surface water sources, and the difference between those systems was about 37%. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 212–220, 2016
High‐accuracy upwind method using improved characteristics speeds for incompressible flows
Authors: Abdollahi Iman , Zamzamian Kamiar , Fathollahi Reza 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this study, the Nervier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows, modified by the artificial compressibility method, are investigated numerically. To calculate the convective fluxes, a new high‐accuracy characteristics‐based (HACB) scheme is presented in this paper. Comparing the HACB scheme with the original characteristic‐based method, it is found that the new proposed scheme is more accurate and has faster convergence rate than the older one. The second order averaging scheme is used for estimating the viscose fluxes, and spatially discretized equations are integrated in time by an explicit fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. The lid driven cavity flow and flow in channel with a backward facing step have been used as benchmark problems. It is shown that the obtained results using HACB scheme are in good agreement with the standard solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of some processing parameters and quality attributes of fried snacks from blends of wheat flour and brewers' spent cassava flour
Authors: Omidiran Adebukola T. , Sobukola Olajide P. , Sanni Ajoke , Adebowale Abdul‐Rasaq A. , Obadina Olusegun A. , Sanni Lateef O. , Tomlins Keith , Wolfgang Tosch 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effect of some processing parameters (frying temperature [140–160°C], frying time [2–4 min], level of brewers' spent cassava flour (BSCF) [20–40%], and thickness [2–4 mm]) on some quality attributes of wheat‐BSCF fried snack was investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the effect of process parameters on product quality. Sensory evaluation of the optimized sample to determine its level of acceptability was carried out as well as the comparison with fried snack from 100% wheat flour. Increasing temperature had significant (P < 0.05) negative effect on the texture. Based on the desirability (0.771) concept, a frying temperature of 140 °C, frying time of 4 min, 32% level of BSCF, and 2 mm thickness was obtained as the optimized conditions. Sensory analyses showed that the optimized sample was preferred in terms of texture and its oiliness to fried snack prepared from 100% wheat flour, but, the aroma, taste and appearance of the wheat snack were preferred.
Neural activity patterns evoked by a spouse's incongruent emotional reactions when recalling marriage‐relevant experiences
Authors: Petrican Raluca , Rosenbaum Rachel Shayna , Grady Cheryl 
Published: July 2015

AbstractResonance with the inner states of another social actor is regarded as a hallmark of emotional closeness. Nevertheless, sensitivity to potential incongruities between one's own and an intimate partner's subjective experience is reportedly also important for close relationship quality. Here, we tested whether perceivers show greater neurobehavioral responsiveness to a spouse's positive (rather than negative) context‐incongruent emotions, and whether this effect is influenced by the perceiver's satisfaction with the relationship. Thus, we used fMRI to scan older long‐term married female perceivers while they judged either their spouse's or a stranger's affect, based on incongruent nonverbal and verbal cues. The verbal cues were selected to evoke strongly polarized affective responses. Higher perceiver marital satisfaction predicted greater neural processing of the spouse's (rather than the strangers) nonverbal cues. Nevertheless, across all perceivers, greater neural processing of a spouse's (rather than a stranger's) nonverbal behavior was reliably observed only when the behavior was positive and the context was negative. The spouse's positive (rather than negative) nonverbal behavior evoked greater activity in putative mirror neuron areas, such as the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL). This effect was related to a stronger inhibitory influence of cognitive control areas on mirror system activity in response to a spouse's negative nonverbal cues, an effect that strengthened with increasing perceiver marital satisfaction. Our valence‐asymmetric findings imply that neurobehavioral responsiveness to a close other's emotions may depend, at least partly, on cognitive control resources, which are used to support the perceiver's interpersonal goals (here, goals that are relevant to relationship stability). Hum Brain Mapp 36:4164–4183, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of prospective thinking on intertemporal choice: The role of familiarity
Authors: Sasse Laura K. , Peters Jan , Büchel Christian , Brassen Stefanie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractImagining future events while performing an intertemporal choice task can attenuate the devaluation of future rewards. Here, we investigated whether this effect and its neural basis depend on the degree of personal prior experience associated with the simulated future scenarios. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was combined with a modified intertemporal choice task in which the delayed options were either purely monetary, or linked with a social event. Subject‐specific events differed regarding familiarity, that is, meeting a close, familiar person or a celebrity in a café. In line with recent hypotheses on episodic construction, the simulation of future familiar and unfamiliar events equally attenuated delay discounting behavior in comparison with the control condition and both were imagined with similar richness. Imaging data, however, indicate that these results rely on differential neural activation patterns. The hippocampus was particularly involved in the simulation of unfamiliar future scenarios, probably reflecting enhanced construction processes when personal experience with similar past events is lacking. Consequently, functional coupling of the hippocampus with neural valuation signals in the anterior cingulate cortex predicted the subjective value only of rewards offered in the unfamiliar context. In contrast, valuation of rewards in a familiar context was predicted by activation in key nodes of emotional and autobiographical memory retrieval and dynamically modulated by frontal‐striatal connectivity. The present data emphasize that the mechanisms underlying neural valuation of prospective rewards largely depend on the pre‐experience with the context in which they are offered. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4210–4221, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐phase olive mill waste (alpeorujo) as carbon source for biosurfactant production
Authors: Maass Danielle , Moya Ramírez Ignacio , García Román Miguel , Jurado Alameda Encarnación , Ulson de Souza Antônio Augusto , Borges Valle Jose Alexandre , Altmajer Vaz Deisi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe olive oil extraction process currently used in Spain and other Mediterranean countries generates large amounts of a semi‐solid by‐product known as ‘alpeorujo’ or ‘two‐phase olive mill waste’ (TPOMW). Although TPOMW can be a source of valuable compounds, it is mostly dried and burnt to produce energy. This paper, and for the first time, reports the use of TPOMW as the main carbon source for the production of surfactin, a high added value biosurfactant, by Bacillus subtilis DSM 3256.RESULTSBacillus subtilis DSM 3256 was able to grow on TPOMW, the surface tension of the culture medium being reduced to 30.1 ± 0.9 mN m−1. FTIR and mass spectrometry determinations confirmed that the biosurfactant produced was surfactin. The highest surfactin concentration was obtained after 36 h fermentation, and the product yield from biomass (YP/X) was 0.068 g g−1. Part of the phenolic compounds of TPOMW was extracted with the biosurfactant.CONCLUSIONTwo‐phase olive mill waste can be used as the main carbon source for the production of surfactin. Surfactin yield from biomass was similar to that achieved with other bacterial strains and carbon sources. The biosurfactant was successfully applied to the remediation of sandy soils contaminated with engine oil. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Transperineal implantation of gold fiducial markers (gold seeds) for prostate image‐guided radiation therapy: a feasible technique associated with a low risk of complications
Authors: Saad Akram , Goldstein Jeffrey , Lawrence Yaacov Richard , Weiss Ilana , Saad Rasha , Spieler Benjamin , Symon Zvi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose is to describe the method, safety and efficacy of transperineal gold seed placement for image‐guided radiation therapy.MethodsAn ethics committee approved database was used to review records of consecutive patients from October 2008 through December 2013, who underwent transperineal implantation of three gold markers into the prostate using staged local anaesthesia and transrectal ultrasound. Seeds were counted on radiographs from CT simulation, first treatment and last treatment. Retention and use of at least three markers for kV/kV matching was considered a successful implant. A visual analogue scale (VAS) pain assessment was performed. SAS was used for data analysis.ResultsFiducial marker placement was successful for kV/kV matching in 556/581 patients (95.7%). The procedure was aborted due to pain in two patients. Additional sedation during the procedure was required in two patients. Complications include urinary infections (2 patients, <0.5%) and transient haematuria (2 patients, <0.5%). There were no recorded calls requesting additional pain medication or delays in radiation due to complications. The number of seeds identified at simulation: 4 (2 patients), 3 (554 patients), 2 (21 patients), 1 (1 patient), 0 (1 patient). One patient with three seeds and two patients with <2 seeds had cone beam CT instead of kV/kV imaging for image guidance. No seeds were lost after simulation. The mean visual analogue pain score associated with transperineal gold seed insertion met patients' expectations (respectively 4.1 vs. 4.4 P = 0.19).ConclusionOutpatient transperineal insertion of fiducials avoids the rectum, is effective, convenient, well tolerated and has few side effects.
Local bone quality affects the outcome of prosthetic total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Chuan‐Ching , Jiang Ching‐Chuan , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Tsai Chia‐Jung , Chiang Hongsen 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis and osteoarthritis commonly coexist in the elderly. In patients undergoing prosthetic total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the bone quality around the knee joint may affect the safety of prosthetic implantation and consequently satisfaction with the surgical outcome. We recruited 50 postmenopausal women undergoing TKA for primary osteoarthritis; 43 completed the study protocol. The bone quality parameters of the operated knee, including bone mineral density assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and microarchitecture variables assessed using micro‐computed tomography, were determined. Surgical outcomes were assessed according to immediate (<1 week) postoperative pain quantified using the visual analog scale and knee function quantified using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The influence of bone quality parameters on surgical outcomes was analyzed using simple and multiple regression analyses. Volumetric bone mineral density (R2 = 0.187–0.234, p < 0.01), the structural model index (R2 = 0.103–0.181, p < 0.05), and trabecular separation (R2 = 0.289–0.424, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with postoperative pain and improvement according to the KOOS. In conclusion, local bone quality, including mineral content and microarchitecture, affects the surgical outcome of TKA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:240–248, 2016.
Characterization of curdlan produced by Agrobacterium sp. IFO 13140 cells immobilized in a loofa sponge matrix, and application of this biopolymer in the development of functional yogurt
Authors: Ortiz Martinez Camila , Pereira Ruiz Suelen , Carvalho Fenelon Vanderson , Rodrigues de Morais Gutierrez , Luciano Baesso Mauro , Matioli Graciette 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgrobacterium sp. IFO 13140 cells were immobilized on a loofa sponge and used to produce curdlan over five successive cycles. The interaction between microbial cells and the loofa sponge as well as the produced curdlan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrometry. The purity of the curdlan was also evaluated. The storage stability of the immobilized cells was assessed and the produced curdlan was used in a functional yogurt formulation.RESULTSThe average curdlan production by immobilized cells was 17.84 g L−1. The presence of the microorganism in the sponge was confirmed and did not cause alterations in the matrix, and the chemical structure of the curdlan was the same as that of commercial curdlan. The purity of both was similar. The immobilized cells remained active after 300 days of storage at −18 °C. The use of the produced curdlan in a functional yogurt resulted in a product with lower syneresis.CONCLUSIONA large number of cells physically adhered to the surface of loofa sponge fibers, and its use as an immobilization matrix to produce curdlan was effective. The use of the produced curdlan in yogurt allowed the development of a more stable product. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymphatic response to depilation‐induced inflammation in mouse ear assessed with label‐free optical lymphangiography
Authors: Qin Wan , Baran Utku , Wang Ruikang 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectivesOptical microangiography (OMAG) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging 3D microvasculature. OMAG‐based optical lymphangiography has been developed for 3D visualization of lymphatic vessels without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In this study, we utilize the optical lymphangiography to investigate dynamic changes in lymphatic response within skin tissue to depilation‐induced inflammation by using mouse ear as a simple tissue model.Materials and MethodsA spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is used in this study to acquire volumetric images of mouse ear. The system operates under the ultrahigh‐sensitive OMAG scanning protocol with five repetitions for each B frame. An improved adaptive‐threshold‐based method is proposed to segment lymphatic vessels from OCT microstructure images. Depilation is achieved by placing hair removal lotion on mouse ear pinna for 5 minutes. Three acquisitions are made before depilation, 3‐minute and 30‐minute post‐depilation, respectively.ResultsRight after the application of depilation lotion on the skin, we observe that the blind‐ended sacs of initial lymphatics are mainly visible in a specific area of the normal tissue. At 5 minutes, more collecting lymphatic vessels start to form, evidenced by their valve structure that only exists in collecting lymphatic vessels. The lymphangiogenesis is almost completed within 8 minutes in the inflammatory tissue.ConclusionsOur experimental results demonstrate that the OMAG‐based optical lymphangiography has great potential to improve the understanding of lymphatic system in response to various physiological conditions, thus would benefit the development of effective therapeutics. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:669–676, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The potential of phototherapy to reduce body fat, insulin resistance and “metabolic inflexibility” related to obesity in women undergoing weight loss treatment
Authors: Sene‐Fiorese Marcela , Duarte Fernanda Oliveira , de Aquino Junior Antonio Eduardo , Campos Raquel Munhoz da Silveira , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Tock Lian , de Oliveira Duarte Ana Claudia Garcia , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe metabolic flexibility is often impaired in diseases associated with obesity, and many studies are based on the hypothesis that dysfunction in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue represent the etiology of development of metabolic inflexibility. Experimental evidence shows that the use of phototherapy combined with exercise was effective in controlling the lipid profile, reducing the mass of adipose tissue, suggesting increased metabolic activity and changes in lipid metabolism. However, we found few data in the literature involving the use of phototherapy in association to physical training in the obese population. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (aerobic plus resistance exercises) plus phototherapy (laser, 808 nm) on metabolic profile and adiponectinemia in obese women.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixty‐four obese women (BMI 30–40 kg/m2, age between 20 and 40 years old) were randomly assigned in two groups: Exercise Training plus SHAM group (ET‐SHAM, n = 32) and Exercise Training plus Phototherapy group (ET‐PHOTO, n = 32). The treatment consisted in physical exercise intervention and the individual application of phototherapy immediately after the end of the training session. However, in the ET‐SHAM group the device was turned off simulating the phototherapy application (placebo effect). The study protocol lasted for 20 weeks and comprised of three weekly sessions of aerobic plus resistance training and application of phototherapy (when applicable). The body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed (HOMA, adiponectin, insulin, glucose).ResultsComparing the magnitude of effects between groups (ET‐PHOTO vs. ET‐SHAM), we observed that physical training plus phototherapy was more effective than physical training in reducing the delta of percentage of fat mass (%; −5.60 ± 1.59 vs. −4.33 ± 1.5; P < 0.04); fat mass (kg; −11.26 ± 2.82 vs. −5.80 ± 2.82; P < 0.0002); HOMA‐IR index (−38.08 ± 9.23 vs. −20.91 ± 14.42; P < 0.0001). In addition, we observed an increase in delta (%) of total skeletal muscle mass (kg; 0.60 ± 1.09 vs. −1.38 ± 1.70; P < 0.003), adiponectin concentration (ng/ml; 1.08 (0.04–3.62) vs. −0.42 (−3.15 to 2.26); P < 0.03) in the same comparison.ConclusionOur results demonstrated for the first time that phototherapy enhances the physical exercise effects in obese women undergoing weight loss treatment promoting significant changes in inflexibility metabolic profile. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:634–642, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioreducible Poly‐l‐Lysine–Poly[HPMA] Block Copolymers Obtained by RAFT‐Polymerization as Efficient Polyplex‐Transfection Reagents
Authors: Tappertzhofen Kristof , Beck Simone , Montermann Evelyn , Huesmann David , Barz Matthias , Koynov Kaloian , Bros Matthias , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPolylysine‐b‐p[HPMA] block copolymers containing a redox‐responsive disulfide bond between both blocks are synthesized by RAFT polymerization of pentafluorphenyl‐methacrylate with a macro‐CTA from Nϵ‐benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) protected polylysine (synthesized by NCA polymerization). This polylysine‐b‐p[PFMA] precursor block copolymer is converted to polylysine(Cbz)‐b‐p[HPMA] by postpolymerization modification with 2‐hydroxypropylamine. After removal of the Cbz protecting group, cationic polylysine‐b‐p[HPMA] copolymers with a biosplittable disulfide moiety became available, which can be used as polymeric transfection vectors. These disulfide linked polylysine‐S‐S‐b‐p[HPMA] block copolymers show low cytotoxicity and increased transfection efficiencies (HEK‐293T cells) compared to analogous blockcopolymers without disulfide group making them interesting for the transfection of sensitive immune cells.