bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a superporous hydroxyethyl cellulose‐based hydrogel by anionic surfactant micelle templating with fast swelling and superabsorbent properties
Authors: Shi Xiaoning , Jietang  , Wang Aiqin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe self‐assembling anionic surfactant, sodium n‐dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) micelles were used as pore‐forming templating for fabricating novel superporous hydroxyethyl cellulose‐grafting‐poly(sodium acrylate)/attapulgite (HEC‐g‐PNaA/APT) hydrogels. The network characteristics, morphologies of the hydrogels and removing of SDS micelles from the final product by washing with ethanol/water (v/v, 7 : 3) procedure were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as by determination of swelling ratio, swelling rate, and stimuli response to salts and pHs. The results showed that the added‐SDS concentration significantly affected the morphologies and pore structure of the hydrogel, and 2 mM SDS facilitates to form a homogeneous and well‐defined pore structure in the gel network to extremely improve the swelling ratio and swelling rate. The 2 mM SDS‐added superporous HEC‐based hydrogel not only had highest equilibrium swelling ratio (Qeq, 1118, 102 g g−1 in distilled water and 0.9 wt % NaCl solution), rapid swelling rate (kis, 5.2840 g g s−1), also showed multistimulus responses to salts and pHs, which may allow its applications in several areas such as adsorption, separation and biomedical materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42027.
Precocious Ossification of the Tympanoperiotic Bone in Fetal and Newborn Dolphins: An Evolutionary Adaptation to the Aquatic Environment?
Authors: Cozzi Bruno , Podestà Michela , Vaccaro Calogero , Poggi Roberto , Mazzariol Sandro , Huggenberger Stefan , Zotti Alessandro 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study, performed with a dual‐energy X‐ray (DXA) bone densitometer on a series of fetal and newborn striped and short‐beaked common dolphins, shows that the bone density of the area of the tympanic bulla within the tympanoperiotic complex starts with 0.483 g cm−2 in 5‐ to 6‐month‐old specimens of striped (or common) dolphin fetuses and reaches 1.841 g cm−2 in newborn striped dolphins, with values consistently higher than in other parts of the skull or elsewhere in the skeleton. The same results apply to the common bottlenose dolphins, in which the area of the tympanic bulla has a density of 0.312 g cm−2 in 5‐month‐old specimens and becomes four times as much in newborns. Regardless of the areal bone density results correlated to the DXA‐technique, comparisons with DXA‐bone density data in the literature referred to other mammals emphasize the presence of very high mineral deposition in the area of the tympanoperiotic bone in fetal and newborn dolphins and the most dense part of it belongs to the tympanic bulla. The early osseous maturation of the tympanic bulla area may be compared to what described in fin whales and may represent an unique ontogenetic and phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, possibly related to the development of essential acoustic sense and establishment of immediate post‐natal mother–calf relationship. Anat Rec, 298:1294–1300, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing turbulent closure models with convection simulations
Authors: Snellman J. E. , Käpylä P. J. , Käpylä M. J. , Rheinhardt M. , Dintrans B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe compare simple analytical closure models of homogeneous turbulent Boussinesq convection for stellar applications with three–dimensional simulations. We use turbulent closure models to compute the Reynolds stresses and the turbulent heat flux as functions of rotation rate measured by the Taylor number. We also investigate cases with varying angles between the angular velocity and gravity vectors, corresponding to locating the computational domain at different latitudes ranging from the pole to the equator of the star. We perform three–dimensional numerical simulations in the same parameter regimes for comparison. The free parameters appearing in the closure models are calibrated by two fitting methods using simulation data. A unique determination of the closure parameters is possible only in the non–rotating case or when the system is placed at the pole. In the other cases the fit procedures yield somewhat differing results. The quality of the closure is tested by substituting the resulting coefficients back into the closure model and comparing with the simulation results. To eliminate the possibilities that the results obtained depend on the aspect ratio of the simulation domain or suffer from too small Rayleigh numbers we performed runs varying these parameters. The simulation data for the Reynolds stress and heat fluxes broadly agree with previous compressible simulations. The closure works fairly well with slow and fast rotation but its quality degrades for intermediate rotation rates. We find that the closure parameters depend not only on rotation rate but also on latitude. The weak dependence on Rayleigh number and on the aspect ratio of the domain indicates that our results are generally valid. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control of chaos in the vicinity of the Earth‐Moon L5 Lagrangian point to keep a spacecraft in orbit
Authors: Slíz J. , Süli Á. , Kovács T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe concept of Space Manifold Dynamics is a new method of space research. We have applied it along with the basic idea of the method of Ott, Grebogi, and York (OGY method) to stabilize the motion of a spacecraft around the triangular Lagrange point L5 of the Earth‐Moon system. We have determined the escape rate of the trajectories in the general three‐ and four‐body problem and estimated the average lifetime of the particles. Integrating the two models we mapped in detail the phase space around the L5 point of the Earth‐Moon system. Using the phase space portrait our next goal was to apply a modified OGY method to keep a spacecraft close to the vicinity of L5. We modified the equation of motions with the addition of a time dependent force to the motion of the spacecraft. In our orbit‐keeping procedure there are three free parameters: (i) the magnitude of the thrust, (ii) the start time, and (iii) the length of the control. Based on our numerical experiments we were able to determine possible values for these parameters and successfully apply a control phase to a spacecraft to keep it on orbit around L5. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantifying Supervisory Decision Making: Eye‐Tracking Technology Applications for the Promotion of Child Safety
Authors: Cavalari Rachel N. S. , Romanczyk Raymond G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrevious research has investigated various risk factors correlated with childhood injury, but few studies have successfully investigated these variables beyond participant self‐report. The present study utilized infrared eye‐tracking and computer‐based latency measures to evaluate caregiver supervision decisions in injury risk situations for typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. The sample included 99 young women, ages 18–24 years, who are frequent non‐parental caregivers for children. Results indicated that participants altered their speed of response, child monitoring, and intervention decisions on the basis of idiosyncratic assessment of injury risk. Minimal significant differences emerged with regard to supervision behavior and chosen strategies when comparing children with autism spectrum disorder to typically developing children. Overall, results suggest that non‐parental caregivers integrate child characteristics and environmental risk factors when assessing risk and choosing interventions. Implications are discussed with regard to injury prevention programs emphasizing protective aspects of supervision for children across various settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mercaptopropionic acid–capped CdTe quantum dots as fluorescence probe for the determination of salicylic acid in pharmaceutical products
Authors: Bunkoed Opas , Kanatharana Proespichaya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMercaptopropionic acid (MPA)–capped cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dot (QDs) fluorescent probes were synthesized in aqueous solution and used for the determination of salicylic acid. The interaction between the MPA–capped CdTe QDs and salicylic acid was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and some parameters that could modify the fluorescence were investigated to optimize the measurements. Under optimum conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity of MPA–capped CdTe QDs was linearly proportional to the concentration of salicylic acid in the range of 0.5–40 µg mL–1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.998, and the limit of detection was 0.15 µg mL–1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of salicylic acid in pharmaceutical products, and satisfactory results were obtained that were in agreement with both the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and the claimed values. The recovery of the method was in the range 99 ± 3% to 105 ± 9%. The proposed method is simple, rapid, cost effective, highly sensitivity and eminently suitable for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparation. The possible mechanisms for the observed quenching reaction was also discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy
Authors: Nestola Piergiuseppe , Peixoto Cristina , Silva Ricardo R. J. S , Alves Paula M. , Mota José P. B. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe downstream processing of virus particles for vaccination or gene therapy is becoming a critical bottleneck as upstream titers keep improving. Moreover, the growing pressure to develop cost‐efficient processes has brought forward new downstream trains. This review aims at analyzing the state‐of‐the‐art in viral downstream purification processes, encompassing the classical unit operations and their recent developments. Emphasis is given to novel strategies for process intensification, such as continuous or semi‐continuous systems based on multicolumn technology, opening up process efficiency. Process understanding in the light of the pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) initiative is also discussed. Finally, an outlook of the upcoming breakthrough technologies is presented. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 843–857. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of multi‐well chips for spheroid cultures and implantable constructs through rapid prototyping techniques
Authors: Lopa Silvia , Piraino Francesco , Kemp Raymond J. , Di Caro Clelia , Lovati Arianna B. , Di Giancamillo Alessia , Moroni Lorenzo , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Rasponi Marco , Moretti Matteo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) culture models are widely used in basic and translational research. In this study, to generate and culture multiple 3D cell spheroids, we exploited laser ablation and replica molding for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi‐well chips, which were validated using articular chondrocytes (ACs). Multi‐well ACs spheroids were comparable or superior to standard spheroids, as revealed by glycosaminoglycan and type‐II collagen deposition. Moreover, the use of our multi‐well chips significantly reduced the operation time for cell seeding and medium refresh. Exploiting a similar approach, we used clinical‐grade fibrin to generate implantable multi‐well constructs allowing for the precise distribution of multiple cell types. Multi‐well fibrin constructs were seeded with ACs generating high cell density regions, as shown by histology and cell fluorescent staining. Multi‐well constructs were compared to standard constructs with homogeneously distributed ACs. After 7 days in vitro, expression of SOX9, ACAN, COL2A1, and COMP was increased in both constructs, with multi‐well constructs expressing significantly higher levels of chondrogenic genes than standard constructs. After 5 weeks in vivo, we found that despite a dramatic size reduction, the cell distribution pattern was maintained and glycosaminoglycan content per wet weight was significantly increased respect to pre‐implantation samples. In conclusion, multi‐well chips for the generation and culture of multiple cell spheroids can be fabricated by low‐cost rapid prototyping techniques. Furthermore, these techniques can be used to generate implantable constructs with defined architecture and controlled cell distribution, allowing for in vitro and in vivo investigation of cell interactions in a 3D environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1457–1471. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and scale‐up of the recovery and purification of a domain antibody Fc fusion protein‐comparison of a two and three‐step approach
Authors: Herzer Sibylle , Bhangale Atul , Barker Gregory , Chowdhary Isha , Conover Matthew , O'Mara Brian W. , Tsang Lily , Wang Shi‐Yu , Krystek Stanley R. , Yao Yan , Rieble Siegfried 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA robust, economical process should leverage proven technology, yet be flexible enough to adopt emerging technologies which show significant benefit. Antibody and Fc‐fusion processes may capitalize on the high selectivity of an affinity capture step by reducing the total number of chromatographic steps to 2. Risk associated with this approach stems from the potentially increased time frame needed for process development as well as unforeseen changes in impurity profile during first scale‐up of drug substance (DS) for animal toxicology and clinical phase I trials (FIH) production, which could challenge a two‐step process to the point of failure. Two different purification strategies were pursued during process development for an FIH process of a dAB‐Fc fusion protein. A two‐step process was compared to a three‐step process. The two‐step process leveraged additives to maximize impurity reduction during affinity capture. While wash additives in combination with a mixed mode chromatography met all impurity reduction requirements, HCP levels were still higher as compared to the three‐step process. The three‐step process was implemented for manufacture of clinical material to mitigate risk. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1417–1428. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An optogenetic upgrade for the Tet‐OFF system
Authors: Müller Konrad , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Weber Wilfried 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe rapid development of mammalian optogenetics has produced an expanding number of gene switches that can be controlled with the unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of light. However, in the “pre‐optogenetic” era many networks, cell lines and transgenic organisms have been engineered that rely on chemically‐inducible transgene expression systems but would benefit from the advantages of the traceless inducer light. To open the possibility for the effortless upgrade of such systems from chemical inducers to light, we capitalized on the specific Med25VBD inhibitor of the VP16/VP64 transactivation domain. In a first step, we demonstrated the efficiency and selectivity of Med25VBD in the inhibition of VP16/VP64‐based transgene expression systems. Then, we fused the inhibitor to the blue light‐responsive B‐LID degron and optimized the performance of this construct with regard to the number of Med25VBD repeats. This approach resulted in an optogenetic upgrade of the popular Tet‐OFF (TetR‐VP64, tetO7‐PhCMVmin) system that allows tunable, blue light‐inducible transgene expression in HEK‐293T cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1483–1487. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the activity of the spore cortex lytic enzyme CwlJ1
Authors: Wu Xia , Grover Navdeep , Paskaleva Elena E. , Mundra Ruchir V. , Page Martin A. , Kane Ravi S. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe germination enzyme CwlJ1 plays an important role in degrading the cortex during the germination of Bacillus anthracis spores. However, the specific function and catalytic activity of CwlJ1 remain elusive. Here we report for the first time a detailed in vitro mechanistic study of CwlJ1 expressed in Escherichia coli and its activity against the spore cortical fragments of B. anthracis when added exogenously. CwlJ1 was active on both decoated spores and spore cortical fragments. Through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the digested cortical fragments, we determined that CwlJ1 was a thermostable N‐acetylmuramoyl‐l‐alanine amidase. CwlJ1 mainly recognized large segments of glycan chains in the cortex instead of the minimal structural unit tetrasaccharide, with specificity for muramic acid‐δ‐lactam‐containing glycan chains and preference for the tetrapeptide side chain. Unlike most amidases, CwlJ1 did not appear to contain a divalent cation, as it retained its activity in the presence of EDTA. This study shines some light on the mechanism of spore germination, and provides increased insight into the development of sporicidal enzyme systems for decontamination of B. anthracis and other related bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1365–1375. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism for multiplicity of steady states with distinct cell concentration in continuous culture of mammalian cells
Authors: Yongky Andrew , Lee Jongchan , Le Tung , Mulukutla Bhanu Chandra , Daoutidis Prodromos , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTContinuous culture for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins offers the possibility of steady state operations and thus more consistent product quality and increased productivity. Under some conditions, multiplicity of steady states has been observed in continuous cultures of mammalian cells, wherein with the same dilution rate and feed nutrient composition, steady states with very different cell and product concentrations may be reached. At those different steady states, cells may exhibit a high glycolysis flux with high lactate production and low cell concentration, or a low glycolysis flux with low lactate and high cell concentration. These different steady states, with different cell concentration, also have different productivity. Developing a mechanistic understanding of the occurrence of steady state multiplicity and devising a strategy to steer the culture toward the desired steady state is critical. We establish a multi‐scale kinetic model that integrates a mechanistic intracellular metabolic model and cell growth model in a continuous bioreactor. We show that steady state multiplicity exists in a range of dilution rate in continuous culture as a result of the bistable behavior in glycolysis. The insights from the model were used to devise strategies to guide the culture to the desired steady state in the multiple steady state region. The model provides a guideline principle in the design of continuous culture processes of mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1437–1445. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MiRNA mimic screen for improved expression of functional neurotensin receptor from HEK 293 cells
Authors: Xiao Su , Chen Yu‐Chi , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Martin Scott E. , Shiloach Joseph 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObtaining adequate quantities of functional mammalian membrane proteins has been a bottleneck in their structural and functional studies because the expression of these proteins from mammalian cells is relatively low. To explore the possibility of enhancing expression of these proteins using miRNA, a stable T‐REx‐293 cell line expressing the neurotensin receptor type 1 (NTSR1), a hard‐to‐express G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), was constructed. The cell line was then subjected to human miRNA mimic library screening. In parallel, an HEK293 cell line expressing luciferase was also screened with the same human miRNA mimic library. Five microRNA mimics: hsa‐miR‐22‐5p, hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐22‐3p, hsa‐miR‐429, and hsa‐miR‐2110were identified from both screens. They led to 48% increase in the expression of functional NTSR1 and to 239% increase of luciferase expression. These miRNAs were also effective in enhancing the expression of secretedglypican‐3 hFc‐fusion protein from HEK293 cells.The results indicate that these molecules may have a wide role in enhancing the production of proteins with biomedical interest. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1632–1643. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainability Management within Supply Chains – A Resource Dependence View
Authors: Schnittfeld Nicole Luisa , Busch Timo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractProceeding from three basic concepts of resource dependence theory – organizational effectiveness, interdependence and external control – we conducted a multiple‐case study to investigate factors that facilitate and hinder sustainability management within supply chains. Our empirical observations highlight that focal firms do not necessarily transfer their own corporate sustainability agendas into control mechanisms for managing the sustainability of their suppliers. Based on this insight, we develop a new theory that explains how intra‐ and interorganizational sustainability management is affected by a firm's business case for promoting sustainability, control mechanisms, trade‐offs, trust and market liberalization. The theory offers new insights into drivers and barriers for effective interorganizational sustainability management, whereas previous theories could not fully explain the reasons for diverging sustainability management practices in supply chains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Reconstructing 3D human models with a Kinect
Authors: Chen Guang , Li Jituo , Wang Bei , Zeng Jiping , Lu Guodong , Zhang Dongliang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional human model reconstruction has wide applications due to the rapid development of computer vision. The appearance of cheap depth camera, such as Kinect, opens up new horizons for home‐oriented 3D human reconstructions. However, the resolution of Kinect is relatively low, making it difficult to build accurate human models. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of human model reconstruction from two aspects. First, we improve the depth data quality by registering the depth images captured from multi‐views with a single Kinect. The part‐wise registration method and implicit‐surface‐based de‐noising method are proposed. Second, we utilize a statistical human model to iteratively augment and complete the human body information by fitting the statistical human model to the registered depth image. Experimental results and several applications demonstrate the applicability and quality of our system, which can be potentially used in virtual try‐on systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial Activity of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin Derivatives of β‐Octaarginine
Authors: Purkayastha Nirupam , Capone Stefania , Beck Albert K. , Seebach Dieter , Leeds Jennifer , Thompson Katherine , Moser Heinz E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstractβ3‐Octaarginine chains were attached to the functional groups NH and CO2H of the antibacterial fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin (→1) and enrofloxacin (→2), respectively, in order to find out whether the activity increases by attachment of the polycationic, cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) moiety. For comparison, simple amides, 3–5, of the two antimicrobial compounds and β3‐octaarginine amide (βR8) were included in the antibacterial susceptibility tests to clarify the impact of chemical modification on the microbiological activity of either scaffold (Table).