bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A microsurgical anterior cervical approach and the immediate impact of mechanical retractors: A case control study
Authors: Ramos-Zúñiga Rodrigo , Díaz-Guzmán Laura Rocío , Velasquez Shannen , Macías-Ornelas Ana Magdalena , Rodríguez-Vázquez Martín 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction: A microsurgical anterior cervical approach with discectomy and fusion (MACDF) is one of the most widely used procedures for treating radicular disorders. This approach is highly successful; however, it is not free from complications. These can be associated with soft tissue injuries. Aim of the Study: The recognition of the risks for these complications should be identified for timely prevention and safe treatment. Materials and Methods: Study Design: Retrospective case control study. This study includes a retrospective case series of 37 patients, paying special attention to immediate complications related to the use of mechanical retraction of soft tissue (dysphagia, dysphonia, esophageal lesions and local hematoma); and a comparative analysis of the outcomes after changes in the retraction method. Results: All selected cases had a positive neurological symptom response in relation to neuropathic pain. Dysphagia and dysphonia were found during the first 72 h in 94.1% of the cases in which automatic mechanical retraction was used for more than one hour during the surgical procedure. A radical change was noted in the reduction of the symptoms after the use of only manual protective blades without automatic mechanical retraction: 5.1% dysphagia and 0% dysphonia in the immediate post-operative period, P = 0.001. Conclusions: Soft tissue damage due to the use of automatic retractors in MACDF is not minor and leads to general discomfort in the patient in spite of good neurological results. These problems most often occur when automatic retractors are used continuously for more than 1 hour, as well as when they are used in multiple levels. Dysphagia, dysphonia and local pain decreased with the use of transient manual blades for retraction, and with intermittent release following minimally invasive principles.
Methylphenidate use among medical students at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Authors: Cohen Yael Givon , Segev Renana Wilkof , Shlafman Nurit , Novack Victor , Ifergane Gal 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Methylphenidate is a psychotropic agent commonly used for the treatment of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity and narcolepsy in children and adults. The awareness to attention deficit disorder as well as the non-medical use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement has increased during the past years. Objectives: To evaluate the medical and non-medical use of methylphenidate among medical students in the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Materials and Methods: Medical students were asked to report methylphenidate use, symptoms and diagnosis of attention deficit disorder using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 229 students participated in the study, out of which 105 (45.9%) were in the pre-clinical years of medical school. Twenty-two students (9.6%) were previously diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. Lifelong use of methylphenidate was reported by 39 (17%) students, while 31 students (13.5%) reported using methylphenidate during the preceding 12 month. In the beginning of medical school, only 7% of the students used methylphenidate, most of them began using it during pre-clinical academic years. Discussion: High rates of attention deficit disorder compared to the general population were reported by medical students. The rate of methylphenidate use is similar to recent report from a US medical school, and is considerably higher than in college students population. Conclusions: Many medical students are using methylphenidate without a medical indication. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on academic performance of healthy adults.
Disorders of the lower cranial nerves
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Grisold Wolfgang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTLesions of the lower cranial nerves (LCN) are due to numerous causes, which need to be differentiated to optimize management and outcome. This review aims at summarizing and discussing diseases affecting LCN. Review of publications dealing with disorders of the LCN in humans. Affection of multiple LCN is much more frequent than the affection of a single LCN. LCN may be affected solely or together with more proximal cranial nerves, with central nervous system disease, or with nonneurological disorders. LCN lesions have to be suspected if there are typical symptoms or signs attributable to a LCN. Causes of LCN lesions can be classified as genetic, vascular, traumatic, iatrogenic, infectious, immunologic, metabolic, nutritional, degenerative, or neoplastic. Treatment of LCN lesions depends on the underlying cause. An effective treatment is available in the majority of the cases, but a prerequisite for complete recovery is the prompt and correct diagnosis. LCN lesions need to be considered in case of disturbed speech, swallowing, coughing, deglutition, sensory functions, taste, or autonomic functions, neuralgic pain, dysphagia, head, pharyngeal, or neck pain, cardiac or gastrointestinal compromise, or weakness of the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, or the tongue muscles. To correctly assess manifestations of LCN lesions, precise knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the area is required.
Bilateral optic nerve infarction in rhino-cerebral mucormycosis: A rare magnetic resonance imaging finding
Authors: Ghuman Mandeep Singh , Kaur Shabdeep , Bhandal Samarjit Kaur , Ahluwalia Archana , Saggar Kavita 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMucormycosis is an emerging disease in diabetes and immunocompromised patients. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is one of the common forms of the disease. Mucormycosis leading to ischemic optic neuropathy is a rare complication. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy is limited and uncommonly reported. We report an unusual case of mucormycosis in which MRI revealed bilateral optic nerve infarction, in addition to perineural extension of the fungus along the trigeminal nerve, another uncommon imaging finding.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of thoracic epidural space presenting with dorsal compressive myelopathy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Amandeep , Satyarthee Guru Dutt , Sable Mukund , Suri Vaishali , Sharma Bhawani S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPlasma Cell neoplasms result from monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas (SEMPs) are rare and constitute 5% of all plasma cell disorders. SEMPs most commonly involve upper aerodigestive tract. Isolated spinal epidural space involvement by SEMPs is extremely rare and to best of our knowledge only 7 such cases have been reported previously in available English literature. We hereby present a rare case of thoracic epidural SEMP in a 32-year-old female who presented with thoracic compressive myelopathy and discuss the pertinent literature.
Kissing naevus arising from neural crest cells presenting as upper and the lower lid mass
Authors: Rajput Gian Chand , Mahajan Deepti , Chaudhary Kulbhushan Prakash , Deewana V. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA kissing nevus is a type of congenital compound nevus that affects equal portions of the upper and lower eyelid, and it extends to the lid margins. Congenital divided nevi of the eyelids are a rare melanocytic lesion. Only 30 patients are reported in the literature. We report a 40-year-old female of rural background who presented with a large painless enlarging pigmented mass, involving both upper and lower left eyelid since the past 20 years. Complete excision of the lesion was done, and the mass sent for histopathology, which revealed a compound nevus involving both lids. Surgery removed the obstruction, which had caused decreased visual acuity and had altered the cosmetic appearance of the patient. Lesions on the upper lid cause a mechanical ptosis, covers the visual axis, which causes obstruction in vision and is cosmetically unacceptable. There is a definite risk of malignant change in the nevus giving rise to malignant melanoma, and hence they should be removed as early as possible to give better functional and cosmetic results.
Validation of the Tamil version of short form Geriatric Depression Scale-15
Authors: Sarkar Sonali , Kattimani Shivananand , Roy Gautam , Premarajan K. C. , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Local language screening instruments can be helpful in early assessment of depression in the elderly in the community and primary care population. This study describes the validation of a Tamil version of Geriatric Depression Scale (short form 15 [GDS-15] item) in a rural population. Materials and Methods: A Tamil version of GDS-15 was developed using standardized procedures. The questionnaire was applied in a sample of elderly (aged 60 years and above) from a village in South India. All the participants were also assessed for depression by a clinical interview by a psychiatrist. Results: A total of 242 participants were enrolled, 64.9% of them being females. The mean score on GDS-15 was 7.4 (±3.4), while the point prevalence of depression was 6.2% by clinical interview. The area under the receiver-operator curve was 0.659. The optimal cut-off for the GDS in this sample was found at 7/8 with sensitivity and specificity being 80% and 47.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The Tamil version of GDS-15 can be a useful screening instrument for assessment of depression in the elderly population.
Psychiatry at undergraduate level in India: What is needed?
Authors: Kavoor Anjana Rao , Mitra Sayantanava 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPresent day health-care philosophy strongly favors an increased attention to mental health related issues. However, the lack of an adequate number of trained specialists in India in this field makes it imperative that the burden is shared by general practitioners at large. But our current medical education system may not be equipped enough to prepare them for the task.
Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm
Authors: de Araújo Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues , de Alencar Ana Helena Gonçalves , Estrela Carlos , Alves Denise Ramos Silveira , Cunha Rodrigo Sanches , da Silveira Bueno Carlos Eduardo , Santos Tatiane Oliveira dos 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods on antibacterial potential of 2.5% NaOCl on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Materials and methods
Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were prepared during 60 days on 48 human root canals and randomized into control and experimental groups using positive and negative pressure irrigation. Bacterial growth was analyzed using turbidity of culture medium followed by UV spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Mean and standard deviations were used for evaluate the mean optical densities associated to the number of bacteria present culture, and Scheirer-Ray-Hare (an extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test) and Tamhane test to analyze the SEM images in the groups and thirds. Significance was set at 5%.

Results
Enterococcus faecalis was still present after root canal cleaning regardless of irrigation methods or bacterial identification methods.

Conclusion
Positive and negative pressure irrigation protocols using 2.5% NaOCl show a similar capacity to reduce E. faecalis in infected root canals.

How to cite this article
Alves DRS, Cunha RS, da Silveira Bueno CE, de Alencar AHG, de Araújo Estrela CR, dos Santos TO, Estrela C. Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):340-346.
Correlation of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions in Sagittal Plane among Saudi Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Al-Hamlan Nasir , Al-Eissa Balsam , Al-Hiyasat Ahmad S , Albalawi Farraj S , Ahmed Anwar E 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Whether or not the dental relationship correlates with skeletal relationship in the sagittal plane is an area of interest for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the dental malocclusion and the skeletal malocclusion in the sagittal plane among Saudi orthodontic patients.

Materials and methods
Orthodontic dental casts and cephalometric radiographs of 124 patients were investigated and analyzed. The dental casts were classified in relation to the molar relationship according to Angle's classification and to the incisal relationship according to the British Standards Institution (BSI) classification. The sagittal relation in the cephalometric radiographs was analyzed according to ANB angle and WITS appraisal.

Results
The results show that the incisal relation had a very high significant association with WITS appraisal (p = 0.0045), whereas with ANB, the association was marginally significant (p =0.0528). No significant associations were found with molar relation neither at ANB (p = 0.2075) nor at the WITS (p = 0.4794) appraisal. Significant positive correlations between ANB and WITS appraisal were found at the three incisal classification classes (class I, r = 0.73; class II, r = 0.64; class III, r = 0.75) and no significant correlation was observed in all classes with the Angle's (molar) classification.

Conclusions
The incisal classification had a significant association with WITS appraisal, whereas with ANB the association was marginally significant. No correlation was found between Angle's (molar) classification and ANB or WITS appraisal.

Clinical significance
The incisal relation could be considered as a good indicator of the skeletal malocclusion in the sagittal plane in the orthodontic practice.

How to cite this article
Al-Hamlan N, Al-Eissa B, Al-Hiyasat AS, Albalawi FS, Ahmed AE. Correlation of Dental and Skeletal Malocclusions in Sagittal Plane among Saudi Orthodontic Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):353-359.
Employment of Reservoirs in At-Home Whitening Trays: Efficacy and Efficiency in Tooth Whitening
Authors: Qian Fang , Geisinger Serena , Kwon So Ran 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of trays made with and without reservoirs, in conjunction with time and cost evaluations, by measuring color change with home whitening procedures.

Materials and methods
Extracted human maxillary teeth (central incisors n = 20; canines n = 20; molars n = 20) and 60 artificial teeth (lateral n = 20; premolar n = 40) were mounted into ten typodonts. Tray fabrication was completed such that a blockout resin reservoir was placed on half of the buccal surface of the tray, while the other half remained without a reservoir. Whitening with custom fabricated trays was performed based on two different whitening regimens, where each regimen was assigned to five typodonts: Night-time: Opalescence PF 10% carbamide peroxide for 8 hours daily and Day-time: Philips DayWhite 9.5% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, twice daily. Both systems were applied for 1 week. To evaluate tooth shade, the VITA Easyshade® Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer was used. Color measurements were obtained at baseline (T1), 1-day post-whitening (T2), and 1 month post-whitening (T3). One-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Tukey's HSD test, was used to detect significant difference in the overall color change (ΔE*) among the four groups at T2 and T3. Additionally, paired-sample t-test was used to assess difference in ΔE* between T2 and T3 treatment within each of four techniques of tray fabrication.

Results
No significant difference in ΔE* was found among the four groups at T2 and T3 (p > 0.05 in each instance). There were significant differences in mean ΔE* between T2 and T3 treatment for the day white treatment groups without reservoir (6.96 vs 10.19 respectively; p = 0.0026) and with reservoirs (6.23 vs 9.79 respectively; p = 0.0031).

Conclusion
The use of reservoirs does not have a significant effect on whitening efficacy, regardless of type of whitening material and regimen.

Clinical significance
The use of custom fabricated trays with or without reservoirs were equally effective in whitening teeth.

How to cite this article
Geisinger S, Kwon SR, Qian F. Employment of Reservoirs in At-Home Whitening Trays: Efficacy and Efficiency in Tooth Whitening. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):383-388.
Management of Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor: Modified Nance Arch Application
Authors: Mannathoko-Molefhe Bonolo , Rongdang Hu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
This is a case report of a patient who presented to Wenzhou Medical University—Orthodontic Department at 8 years of age with missing right maxillary central incisor. A detailed clinical and radiographic examination was carried out and treatment plan formulated to surgically expose the impacted incisor and use the modified nance arch (MNA) appliance for orthodontic traction of the tooth in line of arch as phase one treatment followed by phase two treatment with fixed appliances.

How to cite this article
Mannathoko-Molefhe B, Hu R. Management of Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor: Modified Nance Arch Application. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5): 415-421.
Interdental Implant Papillae Grow up with Temporary Abutment displaced at Monthly Intervals
Authors: AL-Jubooria Mohammed Jasim 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTInterdental papillae regeneration remains a challenge in implant dentistry in cases in which papillae are lost following tooth extraction. This report presents an implant case with missing 1st and 2nd premolars and total papillary loss. We performed immediate provisionalization to the first premolar implant with a temporary abutment and crown, whereas the second premolar was submerged. Crown contouring and modifications to the shape and size were performed once every month (the temporary abutment and crown disconnected three times during the 3-month healing period). At the end of the 3-month healing period, papillae regeneration was observed between the implant and the adjacent tooth and between the adjacent implants. Papillae regeneration is possible with temporary abutment and a composite material crown that is properly contoured and polished, even with several abutment removals during the healing period.How to cite this articleAL-Juboori MJ. Interdental Implant Papillae Grow up with Temporary Abutment displaced at Monthly Intervals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):422-426.
A Library in the Palm of Your Hand: Mobile Services in Top 100 University Libraries
Authors: Liu Yan Quan , Briggs Sarah 
Published: June 2015

What is the current state of mobile services among academic libraries of the country’s top 100 universities, and what are the best practices for librarians implementing mobile services at the university level? Through in-depth website visits and survey questionnaires, the authors studied each of the top 100 universities’ libraries’ experiences with mobile services. Results showed that all of these libraries offered at least one mobile service, and the majority offered multiple services. The most common mobile services offered were mobile sites, text messaging services, e-books, and mobile access to databases and the catalog. In addition, chat/IM services, social media accounts and apps were very popular. Survey responses also indicated a trend towards responsive design for websites so that patrons can access the library’s full site on any mobile device. Respondents recommend that libraries considering offering mobile services begin as soon as possible as patron demand for these services is expected to increase.
User Authentication in the Public Areas of Academic Libraries in North Carolina
Authors: Ellern Gillian (Jill) D , Hitch Robin , Stoffan Mark A 
Published: June 2015

The clash of principles between protecting privacy and protecting security can create an impasse between libraries, campus IT departments, and academic administration over authentication issues with the public area PCs in the library. This research takes an in-depth look at the state of authentication practices within a specific region (i.e. all the academic libraries in North Carolina) in an attempt to create a profile of those libraries that choose to authenticate or not. The researchers reviewed an extensive amount of data to identify the factors involved with this decision.
De la danse au musée : mémoires de l’oeuvre chorégraphique contemporaine
Authors: Côté Julie-Anne 
Published: June 2015

La notion de patrimoine culturel s’est élargie ces dernières années. Traditionnellement associée aux monuments et aux sites sous l’angle de leurs valeurs esthétiques et historiques, elle englobe maintenant les traditions et les pratiques sociales, mais aussi les arts du spectacle, dont la danse. L’élargissement de la notion de patrimoine pose la question des nouveaux objets patrimoniaux et muséaux dont les aspects vivants, contemporains, intangibles ou immatériels sont régis par des valeurs qui s’opposent aux valeurs traditionnelles des musées. Ainsi, quoique la conservation et la valorisation du patrimoine de la danse apparaissent nécessaires, elles n’en restent pas moins complexes, particulièrement en ce qui touche l’oeuvre chorégraphique contemporaine en Occident. La danse contemporaine requiert des modes singuliers de mémoire qui supposent diverses perspectives de transmission et de mise en mémoire. Après avoir situé la danse par rapport à la notion de patrimoine culturel immatériel, ce texte présente le double registre de la mémoire de la danse contemporaine : une mémoire documentaire et matérielle et une mémoire vivante et créative. L’étude du Musée de la danse de Boris Charmatz montre comment cette mémoire vivante et créatrice de la danse est mise en oeuvre et l’examen du projet d’exposition virtuelle de la Fondation Jean-Pierre Perreault présente la mise en valeur d’une mémoire documentaire et matérielle. Ces deux formes de mise en mémoire d’oeuvres chorégraphiques contemporaines illustrent de nouvelles perspectives de sauvegarde et de muséalisation d’un patrimoine vivant.
La cybermuséologie et ses nouveaux objets culturels : mise en contexte et étude de cas
Authors: Langlois Eric 
Published: June 2015

Musées et expositions virtuels sont-ils synonymes de musées et d’expositions en ligne ? Pourquoi certains chercheurs préconisent-ils l’emploi des désignations cybermusée et cyberexposition ? Peut-on considérer ces productions médiatiques comme étant de nouveaux objets culturels ? En quoi le sont-ils ? En plus de proposer des réponses à ces questions, cet article met de l’avant un certain appareil critique, permettant ainsi d’appréhender l’étude d’un corpus cybermuséal précis. La cybermuséologie, spécialisation de la muséologie contemporaine, commande une réflexion certaine. Celle-ci est souhaitable, voire nécessaire pour envisager toute production relative à ce domaine.
Comment capturer le patrimoine culturel immatériel : réflexions autour de la patrimonialisation de la fauconnerie
Authors: Ruiz Mauricio 
Published: June 2015

Cet article aborde la patrimonialisation d’un item protégé par la « Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité » de l’UNESCO depuis 2010 : « La fauconnerie, un patrimoine humain vivant ». Suivant une brève description de la fauconnerie, au moyen de laquelle est notée son essence immatérielle, l’auteur poursuit l’analyse du processus conduisant à son intégration dans la sphère du patrimoine mondial. Ce faisant, il semble que la réussite d’un tel projet demeure compromise en raison de difficultés que présente sa médiatisation dans l’espace public. Cette investigation débouche alors sur l’identification de trois enjeux sémiotiques sous-jacents à ces problèmes et espère, par là, mener une réflexion dans le domaine de la muséologie désireuse d’accueillir l’immatériel au rang de ses principales préoccupations de recherche.