bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Coir Raincoat”‐Boosted Biomimetic Hydrogel for Efficient Solar Desalination and Wastewater Purification
Authors: Nie Boli , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Yizhen , Meng Yanming , Zhao Xi , Dou Xiangyu , Wu Yan‐Chao , Li Hui‐Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation is an efficient method for purifying contaminated or saline water. Nonetheless, the suboptimal design of the structure and composition still necessitates a compromise between evaporation rate and service life. Therefore, achieving efficient production of clean water remains a key challenge. Here, a biomimetic dictyophora hydrogel based on loofah/carbonized sucrose@ZIF‐8/polyvinyl alcohol is demonstrated, which can serve as an independent solar evaporator for clean water recovery. This special structural design achieves effective thermal positioning and minimal heat loss, while reducing the actual enthalpy of water evaporation. The evaporator achieves a pure water evaporation rate of 3.88 kg m−2 h−1 and a solar‐vapor conversion efficiency of 97.16% under 1 sun irradiation. In comparison, the wastewater evaporation rate of the evaporator with ZIF‐8 remains at 3.85 kg m−2 h−1 for 30 days, which is 16.3% higher than the light irradiation without ZIF‐8. Equally important, the evaporator also showcases the capability to cleanse water from diverse sources of contaminants, including those with small molecules, oil, heavy metal ions, and bacteria, greatly improving the lifespan of the evaporator.
Generalised component method for bolted bearing type connections
Authors: Zhou Jingsheng , Yan Shen , Zhang Hao , Rasmussen Kim J. R. , Deierlein Gregory G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a new generalised component method (GCM) model for bolted bearing type connections that predicts their full‐range response and all relevant strength limit states, including the bolt shear, bearing, shear‐out, net section fracture and block shear limit states. The proposed model divides a bolted bearing type connection into components that significantly contribute to its deformation and/or strength limit states. For each component, the force‐deformation curve is derived, including the post‐ultimate response, and expressed as a trilinear relationship. By assembling all components (springs) into the connection model, the multi‐linear force‐displacement response of the connection can be predicted, including the ultimate strength and ultimate deformation capacities. The proposed GCM can consider the interaction of adjacent bolts in modelling multi‐bolt connections. The new GCM is shown to accurately predict force‐displacement responses obtained from experimental tests and non‐linear finite element analyses. It is also shown to predict experimental responses significantly more accurately than the current component method implemented in Eurocode 3‐1.8.
Unsteady Aerodynamics of Delta Kites for Airborne Wind Energy Under Dynamic Stall Conditions
Authors: Castro‐Fernández I. , Cavallaro R. , Schmehl R. , Sánchez‐Arriaga G. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThree unsteady aerodynamic tools at different levels of fidelity and computational cost were used to investigate the unsteady aerodynamic behavior of a delta kite applied to airborne wind energy. The first tool is an in‐house unsteady panel method that is fast but delivers low to mid fidelity predictions. The second tool uses the open‐source CFD code SU2 to solve the unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the
SST turbulence model. At an intermediate level of fidelity, a semiempirical dynamic stall model that combines the panel method with a phenomenological dynamic stall module is proposed. The latter has free parameters that are fine‐tuned with CFD results from the second tool. The research on the dynamic stall model has been inspired by two flight test campaigns suggesting dynamic stall phenomena possibly driven by the periodic variation of the angle of attack (aerodynamic pitching motion) during crosswind maneuvers. The recorded inflow along the flight path was prescribed in the three aerodynamic tools. As expected, the price to pay for the low computational cost of the panel method is its inability to capture the dynamic stall phenomenon. The results from unsteady CFD qualitatively matched the experimental data identifying a leading‐edge vortex that forms and detaches cyclically during the pitching motion. Using RANS data, the semiempirical tool was fined‐tuned to reproduce the dynamic stall behavior, becoming an accurate and fast aerodynamic tool for coupling with any kite flight simulator. Further discussions on the effects of kite aerostructural deflections are included.
Technology of SS-OCT Biometer: Argos Biometer
Authors: Chong Changho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSwept-source OCT captures an image of the whole eye from the cornea to the retina prior to cataract surgery. The measured image is used to calculate the biometric parameters necessary for IOL power calculation. Swept-source OCT technology allows two-dimensional imaging, a superior signal-to-noise ratio, and improves tissue penetration and image quality. The Argos biometer calculates axial length as the sum of physical distances of four segments: central corneal thickness, aqueous depth, lens thickness, and the thickness of vitreous humor, each calculated by dividing optical distance by corresponding refractive indices (1.375, 1.336, 1.41, 1.336) at infra-red wavelength range which implies the true physical scale of AL. The performance of the Argos biometer includes an enhanced retinal visualization, segmented axial length measurement, and enhanced OCT keratometry.
ANTERION Swept-Source OCT Biometer
Authors: Schröpfer Jana , Cornwell Richard , Gunkel Sandro , Polzer Melanie , Thomson Steven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter is a full description and analysis of the technology behind the Heidelberg ANTERION SS-OCT optical biometer. It includes a complete description of how it works for biometry measurements including demonstrations of high-resolution scans that can be obtained and their clinical applications such as for phakic IOL implantation and macular evaluation. There is a complete description of the corneal topography capabilities as well as the determination of corneal power. Anterior chamber angle and metrics are also described. There is a complete description of IOL power capabilities and how to use the IOL power prediction software in the instrument.
The Pentacam Family
Authors: Iwanczuk Jörg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ongoing development of the Pentacam, from its origins in 2002 to the latest version (the Pentacam AXL Wave), is described. Today, the Pentacam AXL Wave combines Scheimpflug imaging, partial coherence interferometry, a Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor and retroillumination. It enables an assessment of the total eye visual performance, including objective refraction and high-order aberration analysis, and a true separation of the internal wavefront from the total corneal wavefront (not possible with Placido technology).The many features of the Pentacam family are illustrated, with specific attention to the IOL power calculation formulas available for unoperated and post-corneal refractive surgery eyes, as well as for eyes requiring toric IOLs to correct corneal astigmatism.
Exact Optics
Authors: Alda Javier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe geometrical and physical models of optics describe the behavior of light in image-forming optical systems. In this chapter, we first analyze the limitations and constraints of paraxial geometrical optics and describe geometrical aberrations. Optical aberrations can be expressed in terms of wavefront aberrations due to the wave nature of light. Hence, this model provides us with figures of merit that describe the quality of optical systems in terms of their capability to produce faithful images. As a consequence, we will show how diffraction ultimately limits the performance of optical systems. We will analyze the human eye as an example to understand this model further. These formalisms can generate personalized models of the eye—if we include patient’s parameters obtained from aberrometers, corneal topography, and pachymetry—and guide the selection of intra-ocular lenses for optimum visual performance.
Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) Formula
Authors: Yeo Tun Kuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe origins of the Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) formula (versions 1.0 and 2.0) are described. This is a thick lens formula based on Gaussian optics principles; it considers the anterior and posterior corneal curvatures, central corneal thickness, as well as the geometry of the intraocular lens (IOL). The formula modifies the axial length measured by optical biometry, calculates the total corneal power using Gaussian thick lens equations and calculates the principal planes of the IOL based on its geometry. The performance of the EVO formula, its toric calculator and the formula version for post-myopic laser vision correction eyes are reported in a review of published papers.
OKULIX Raytracing Software
Authors: Preußner Paul-Rolf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe raytracing software package OKULIX was initially developed for scientific purposes in the context of accommodating IOLs. Later it was extended to corneal laser surgery which is still available in the “corneal module” of OKULIX. The latest development was then the application to IOL calculation. One of the essential guidelines of the software development was to reduce universal applicability (unlike as in other commercially available raytracing software) in order to optimize it to the special situation of a human eye, i.e., concentration of the fovea as the only optical area of interest, and restriction to mostly four but in maximum six refracting surfaces. In addition, the collection of the manufacturer’s blue prints of the big majority of IOL models on the market was necessary, including continuous updates. In general, the result is an IOL calculation software that is based on physical rather than on statistical data to the highest possible extent, applicable to all kinds of eyes, even without knowing their history. Other than in most IOL formulas, missing information is not taken from Gullstrand’s but from Liou and Brennan’s eye model. The accuracy of OKULIX IOL calculations has been proven to be never systematically worse compared to other methods when the same measured input data are used.
The PEARL-DGS Formula
Authors: Debellemanière Guillaume , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe PEARL-DGS formula is a thick lens formula that uses AI techniques to predict the distance between the posterior corneal surface and the anterior IOL surface (“theoretical internal lens position,” TILP). The TILP value was back-calculated from refractive outcome in a large dataset. The refractive index values used in the formula are those of the Atchison eye model, except for the corneal index, which was determined empirically during the formula development process. In our case, this value was 1.363. The performance of the formula was evaluated in different studies with a high level of precision and accuracy, comparable to the latest formulas in the field.
SRK Formula History
Authors: Retzlaff John , Sanders Donald R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis is a complete history of the formulation and development of the SRK family of formulas by Drs. Sanders, Retzlaff, and Kraff from the original SRK I in 1980 to the final SRK/T in 1990 including all the travails that led to their development.
Calculation of Phakic and Pseudophakic Additional Lenses
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Cayless Alan , Schrecker Jens 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCalculation of add-on intraocular lens (IOL) power, both for phakic and pseudophakic eyes, can be done based on refraction, spectacle vertex distance, corneal curvatures, and IOL plane position. In this chapter, a Gaussian optical matrix formalism is described allowing for the calculation of IOL power and lateral magnification. This method is based on a system matrix, which describes and characterizes the paraxial optical properties of the relevant optical part of the eye. This system matrix is composed of a product of refraction and translation matrices. The power of non-toric and toric lenses can be calculated in this way. The power and magnification of non-toric add-on lenses can also be easily estimated with a polynomial linear model.
Astigmatism Notation: Dealing with Vectors
Authors: Næser Kristian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNet astigmatisms and spherocylinders are complex formats with magnitudes in diopters and directions in degrees. Both magnitudes and directions entities must be converted to vectors to allow for any kind of calculation. This chapter describes the principles for conversion of corneal and refractive data to dioptric vectors. Næser’s polar value dioptric vectors are detailed and other dioptric vector formats (Thibos, Holladay and Lang’s power matrix) are reviewed. The appropriate statistical methods for univariate and bivariate analysis are described, a terminology is suggested, and practical calculations are demonstrated.
Lens and IOL Tilt
Authors: Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTilt can be quantified by two principal methods either by cross-sectional scans of the anterior segment such as Scheimpflug imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), or by assessing the Purkinje reflexes. IOL tilt affects the visual quality, the final refraction, and the amount of residual astigmatism. Tilt accounts for more than 10° of the error in toric IOL power calculation and this value increases to almost 20%, if combined with angle kappa. Predicting tilt and taking it into account would significantly improve toric IOL power calculation. The factors influencing tilt include the capsulorhexis, pseudo-exfoliation, IOL material and design, after-cataract changes, and combined surgeries.
Out-of-the-Bag Implantation IOL Power
Authors: Aramberri Jaime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the absence of a safe capsular support, the IOL will be implanted out-of-the-bag. There are different anatomical locations where a posterior chamber IOL can be implanted: sutured to iris, ciliary sulcus supported, or fixated to the sclera with or without sutures. All of them entail a change in the IOL effective power that has to be calculated by the surgeon to avoid a final refractive error. In this chapter, several sources of error are extensively analyzed and the most precise methods to correct them are clearly exposed. Moreover, there are various IOL models designed specifically for out-of-the bag implantation: anterior chamber, iris claw, and scleral fixated. Each of them, with their own clinical and optical features must be mastered in order to achieve an accurate power calculation.
An EFT approach to baryon number violation: lower limits on the new physics scale and correlations between nucleon decay modes
Authors: Bas i Beneito Arnau , Gargalionis John , Herrero-García Juan , Santamaria Arcadi , Schmidt Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Baryon number is an accidental symmetry of the Standard Model at the Lagrangian level. Its violation is arguably one of the most compelling phenomena predicted by physics beyond the Standard Model. Furthermore, there is a large experimental effort to search for it including the Hyper-K, DUNE, JUNO, and THEIA experiments. Therefore, an agnostic, model-independent, analysis of baryon number violation using the power of Effective Field Theory is very timely. In particular, in this work we study the contribution of dimension six and seven effective operators to |∆(B − L)| = 0, 2 nucleon decays taking into account the effects of Renormalisation Group Evolution. We obtain lower limits on the energy scale of each operator and study the correlations between different decay modes. We find that for some operators the effect of running is very significant.
Scattering amplitudes and the Cotton double copy
Authors: Emond William T. , Moynihan Nathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We construct classical curvature spinors in topologically massive gauge theory and topologically massive gravity, expressed in terms of massive three-particle amplitudes. We show that when the amplitudes double copy, the curvature spinors associated with particular solutions satisfy the Cotton double copy, the three-dimensional cousin of the Weyl double copy. Furthermore, we show that under certain circumstances the Cotton double copy can be derived via a dimensional reduction of the Weyl double copy.
Eversible tentacle organs in caterpillar–ant communication: do they signal partner quality in polyommatinae lycaenid butterflies?
Authors: Fiedler Konrad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn mutualistic associations, lycaenid butterfly caterpillars trade nectar secretions against protective services by ants. Eversions of paired abdominal tentacle organs (TO) have been suggested to honestly signal nectar secretion capacity of caterpillars to their ant visitors. Using data from 1561 staged encounters between larvae of nine West Palaearctic Polyommatinae species and worker ants of three species, I show that within experimental series, significantly positive correlations between TO eversion and nectar secretion rate emerged only sporadically (12 of 50 series). In a meta-analysis integrating over all tested species combinations and experimental conditions, the relationship between nectar secretion and TO eversion rate was weak (r2 = 6.6%), though significantly positive. This association between myrmecophilous behaviours was not stronger in experiments with feeding mature larvae than in prepupal non-feeding larvae; however, the latter delivered distinctly more nectar. Relationships between nectar secretions and TO eversions were independent of the density of ant partners available and did not vary consistently between lycaenid species showing different levels of myrmecophily. When mean values of nectar secretions per experimental series were related to the respective mean TO eversion rates, a clear positive relationship only emerged among intimately ant-associated species. In moderate myrmecophiles average tentacle activity was unrelated to mean nectar delivery. Overall, these experiments yielded only weak support for the reliable-signalling hypothesis. I propose that TO eversions rather serve as complementary dimension of multimodal communication between partners. ‘Apparent honesty’ may then emerge if caterpillars achieve optimal ant attendance by concomitantly increasing nectar secretion and TO eversion rates.
Extent and survival of zoned pyroxene within intrusions hosting magmatic sulfides: Implications for zoned pyroxene as a prospectivity indicator
Authors: Schoneveld Louise , Barnes Stephen J. , Luolavirta Kirsi , Hu Siyu , Verrall Michael , Le Vaillant Margaux 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chromium-zoning patterns in pyroxene from the economically significant Ni-Cu sulfide deposits at Nova-Bollinger (Western Australia) and Kevitsa (Northern Finland) were investigated using XRF mapping, automated mineralogy, and EPMA analyses. At Nova-Bollinger, complex Cr-zoning patterns are found widely throughout the cumulus orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene within the Lower Intrusion, a small chonolith that hosts the vast extent of the sulfide mineralisation. Cumulus pyroxenes with visible sector and abrupt zonation patterns have been found up to 150 m vertically away from the massive sulfide ore. Complex zoning patterns are observed throughout the Kevitsa intrusion, in the form of strong oscillatory zoning in cumulus clinopyroxene and sector zoning in idiomorphic orthopyroxene oikocrysts. Kevitsa pyroxenes show varying degrees of hydration, leading to epitaxial replacement by amphibole. Cr zonation is visible through the early stages of this alteration, with preservation enabled by the presence of Cr-rich epitaxial amphibole; however, the remnant zoning is lost as the amphibole alteration progresses. Results suggest that Cr zonation in pyroxene may be an effective indicator of dynamic recharged conduits and therefore an indicator of favourable conditions for metal enriched magmatic sulfide ore formation. Such indicators have significant vertical extent from the ore body and can survive partial alteration, which makes them a useful tool for prospectivity assessment of drilled intrusions. Furthermore, our data show that there is potential for complexly zoned pyroxene to be used as an ex-situ prospectivity indicator in glacial till.
Degeneration of 7-Dimensional Minimal Hypersurfaces Which are Stable or Have a Bounded Index
Authors: Edelen Nick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 7-dimensional area-minimizing embedded hypersurface $$M^7$$

M
7

will in general have a discrete singular set, and the same is true if M is locally stable provided $${\mathcal {H}}^6(\textrm{sing}M) = 0$$

H

6

(
sing
M
)

=
0

. We show that if $$M_i^7$$

M
i
7

is a sequence of 7D minimal hypersurfaces which are minimizing, stable, or have bounded index, then $$M_i \rightarrow M$$

M
i

→
M

can limit to a singular $$M^7$$

M
7

with only very controlled geometry, topology, and singular set. We show that one can always “parameterize” a subsequence $$i'$$

i
′

with controlled bi-Lipschitz maps $$\phi _{i'}$$

ϕ

i
′

taking $$\phi _{i'}(M_{1'}) = M_{i'}$$

ϕ

i
′

(

M

1
′

)

=

M

i
′

. As a consequence, we prove the space of smooth, closed, embedded minimal hypersurfaces M in a closed Riemannian 8-manifold $$(N^8, g)$$

(

N
8

,
g
)

with a priori bounds $${\mathcal {H}}^7(M) \leqq \Lambda $$

H

7

(
M
)

≦
Λ

and $$\textrm{index}(M) \leqq I$$

index
(
M
)
≦
I

divides into finitely-many diffeomorphism types, and this finiteness continues to hold if one allows the metric g to vary, or M to be singular.
Spatial and Temporal Shifts of Endophytic Bacteria in Conifer Seedlings of Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.
Authors: Dendooven Luc , Pérez-Hernández Valentín , Navarro-Pérez Gabriel , Tlalmis-Corona Juanita , Navarro-Noya Yendi E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEndophytes play an important role in plant development, survival, and establishment, but their temporal dynamics in young conifer plants are still largely unknown. In this study, the bacterial community was determined by metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene in the rhizoplane, roots, and aerial parts of 1- and 5-month-old seedlings of natural populations of Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham. In 1-month-old seedlings, Pseudomonas dominated aerial parts (relative abundance 71.6%) and roots (37.9%). However, the roots exhibited significantly higher bacterial species richness than the aerial parts, with the dissimilarity between these plant sections mostly explained by the loss of bacterial amplification sequence variants. After 5 months, Mucilaginibacter dominated in the rhizoplane (9.0%), Streptomyces in the roots (12.2%), and Pseudomonas in the aerial parts (18.1%). The bacterial richness and community structure differed significantly between the plant sections, and these variations were explained mostly by 1-for-1 substitution. The relative abundance of putative metabolic pathways significantly differed between the plant sections at both 1 and 5 months. All the dominant bacterial genera (e.g., Pseudomonas and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia) have been reported to have plant growth-promoting capacities and/or antagonism against pathogens, but what defines their role for plant development has still to be determined. This investigation improves our understanding of the early plant-bacteria interactions essential for natural regeneration of A. religiosa forest.