bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending Extended Logistic Regression: Extended versus Separate versus Ordered versus Censored
Authors: Messner Jakob W. , Mayr Georg J. , Wilks Daniel S. , Zeileis Achim 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Extended logistic regression is a recent ensemble calibration method that extends logistic regression to provide full continuous probability distribution forecasts. It assumes conditional logistic distributions for the (transformed) predictand and fits these using selected predictand category probabilities. In this study extended logistic regression is compared to the closely related ordered and censored logistic regression models. Ordered logistic regression avoids the logistic distribution assumption but does not yield full probability distribution forecasts, whereas censored regression directly fits the full conditional predictive distributions. The performance of these and other ensemble postprocessing methods is tested on wind speed and precipitation data from several European locations and ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Ordered logistic regression performed similarly to extended logistic regression for probability forecasts of discrete categories whereas full predictive distributions were better predicted by censored regression.
Yahweh, the Bad Shepherd? Defamiliarization and Pastoral Symbolism in Zechariah 11:7-17
Authors: Tran Quang D. 
Published: May 2014

Defamiliarization is transformative exegesis. More than a search for meaning, the process of defamiliarization attempts to revitalize scriptural symbolism and let symbols do what they do, namely, to push back, refusing to be pinned down and mediating an ongoing, transformative relationship that can always go deeper. When Scripture is defamiliarized, Scripture defamiliarizes, resulting in a revitalization of certain symbols that facilitate a life-giving exchange between text and reader especially for personal prayer and preaching that enriches the community of faith. In this essay, I will explore the application of this thesis to Zechariah 11:4-17, a most enigmatic passage. Analysis of the pastoral symbolism and its rhetorical function in this passage reveals how the process of defamiliarization revitalizes biblical pastoral symbolism. Since God is dynamic, the symbols that represent him should be dynamic. No symbol reveals the whole truth, but the possibilities to reveal different aspects of the same truth can be limitless.
Institutional change and the evolution of the regulatory state: evidence from the Swiss case
Authors: Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2014

This article examines institutional change in a case that was expected to be particularly resilient but showed considerable structural transformation: the institutionalization of the regulatory state in Switzerland. This process is illustrated through the establishment of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in four areas: banking and finance; telecommunications; electricity; and competition. The theoretical framework developed by Streeck, Thelen and Mahoney is used to explore hypotheses about the modes of institutional change, with the methodology of diachronic within-case study. Results confirm only partially the expectations, pointing to layering and displacement as the prevalent modes of change. The concluding part discusses the type and the direction of change as additional explanatory factors. Points for practitioners This article examines the institutional development of the regulatory state in Switzerland through the establishment of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs). Different modes of change are illustrated through the analysis of the processes leading to agencification in four areas: banking and finance; telecommunication; electricity; and competition. Results suggest that the dynamics of re-regulation follow a quite different logic compared to the general trend towards liberalization. What is more, the empirical analysis indicates that independent regulatory agencies are mostly created by importing exogenous models in the case of the ‘positive’ reform of previously self-regulated sectors, while they are established along existing institutional arrangements when reforming former state-owned enterprises or publicly regulated sectors.
Measuring both procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for a diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients
Authors: Li Hong-Xiang , Liu Zhong-Min , Zhao Shu-Jie , Zhang Dong , Wang Shi-Ji , Wang Yu-Shan 
Published: May 2014

Background The usefulness of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as individual biomarkers, and in combination, for the identification of infections in a critically ill patient cohort was evaluated retrospectively. Methods Best cut-off values for PCT and CRP for a diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients were determined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Both combined tests and individual tests were performed for PCT and CRP, with positive and negative results recorded, and accuracy evaluated using odds ratios (OR). Results In the 55 critically ill patients studied, the best cut-off value for PCT for a diagnosis of sepsis was 1.1 ng/ml (sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values [NPV] were 82%, 68% and 71%, respectively). In addition, the best cut-off value for CRP was 50.7 mg/l ( sensitivity, specificity and NPV of 90%, 68% and 83%, respectively). Measuring PCT and CRP in combination provided a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 86%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90%. Diagnostic OR for the combination of biomarkers versus CRP alone (19 and 18, respectively) were greater than that for PCT (9). Conclusion For critically ill patients, CRP and CRP in combination with PCT were found to be suitable biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis, based on their NPV and PPV.
Obinutuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: promise of the first treatment approved with breakthrough therapy designation
Authors: Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Balakrishnan Sadasivam 
Published: May 2014

Obinutuzumab (also known as GA101, afutuzumab, Gazyva) is a humanized, glycoengineered type II monoclonal antibody targeted against CD20. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved obinutuzumab for use with chlorambucil in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The drug is the first treatment to receive approval under the agency's breakthrough therapy designation, a program intended to facilitate and expedite the review and development of therapies for serious and life-threatening conditions. In preclinical studies, obinutuzumab has showed superior efficacy, as compared with rituximab, by inducing direct cell death and increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity with less complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Regulatory approval of obinutuzumab is based on a phase III (CLL11) study that demonstrated improved outcomes with a combination of obinutuzumab with chlorambucil in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and comorbidities. Obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil induced deeper and longer remissions than rituximab plus chlorambucil combination as evidenced by prolongation of progression-free survival and higher complete response and molecular response rates. Marketing applications for obinutuzumab have also been submitted to other regulatory authorities including the European Medicines Agency.
Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Polymorphisms of Estrogen Receptor α Genes rs9340799 and rs2234693 and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pan Yuanmei , Li Yansheng , Shen Huojian 
Published: May 2014

Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to better clarify the association between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor α genes rs9340799 and rs2234693 and risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from fixed and random effect models were calculated. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I2. Meta-regression was used to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Results: A total of 23 studies about rs9340799 and 24 studies about rs2234693 were included in this meta-analysis. The combined evidence suggested that the x allele of rs9340799 had a significant protective effect on the risk of AD in codominant model (ORs = 0.893, 95%CIs = 0.822-0.970), especially for AD in Asia and sporadic AD (SAD). The p allele of rs2234693 was associated with decreased risk of AD in codominant model for patients with SAD. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that x allele of rs9340799 might have a protective effect on the risk of AD in Asia and in patients with SAD. In addition, the p allele of rs2234693 might decrease the risk of patients with SAD.
Older Age Does Not Affect Healing Time and Functional Outcomes After Fracture Nonunion Surgery
Authors: Taormina David P. , Shulman Brandon S. , Karia Raj , Spitzer Allison B. , Konda Sanjit R. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2014

Introduction: Elderly patients are at risk of fracture nonunion, given the potential setting of osteopenia, poorer fracture biology, and comorbid medical conditions. Risk factors predicting fracture nonunion may compromise the success of fracture nonunion surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of patient age on clinical and functional outcome following long bone fracture nonunion surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data identified 288 patients (aged 18-91) who were indicated for long bone nonunion surgery. Two-hundred and seventy-two patients satisfied study inclusion criteria and analyses were performed comparing elderly patients aged ≥65 years (n = 48) with patients <65 years (n = 224) for postoperative wound complications, Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) functional status, healing, and surgical revision. Regression analyses were performed to look for associations between age, smoking status, and history of previous nonunion surgery with healing and functional outcome. Twelve-month follow-up was obtained on 91.5% (249 of 272) of patients. Results: Despite demographic differences in the aged population, including a predominance of medical comorbidities ( P < .01) and osteopenia ( P = .02), there was no statistical differences in the healing rate of elderly patients (95.8% vs 95.1%, P = .6) or time to union (6.2 ± 4.1 months vs. 7.2 ± 6.6, P = .3). Rates of postoperative wound complications and surgical revision did not statistically differ. Elderly patients reported similar levels of function up to 12 months after surgery. Regression analyses failed to show any significant association between age and final union or time to union. There was a strong positive association between smoking and history of previous nonunion surgery with time to union. Age was associated (positively) with 12-month SMFA activity score. Conclusions: Smoking and failure of previous surgical intervention were associated with nonunion surgery outcomes. Patient’s age at the time of surgery was not associated with achieving union. Advanced age was generally not associated with poorer nonunion surgery outcomes.
Oral Cytology for HIV
Authors: Jagad Vaibhav Mahesh , Shenoy Nandita , Ramapuram John , Lewis Amitha , Srikant N. , Sarin Aditi 
Published: May 2014

Aim: To asses morphological and morphometrical alterations of oral squamous epithelial cells in HIV infected individuals, and determine its diagnostic significance for HIV infection. Materials and Methods: Informed Consent was obtained from all study subjects. 40 adult HIV infected patients (experimental group) and 40 adult non-infected volunteers (control group) participated. Age, occupation, and relevant medical history were recorded. The following laboratory tests reports were recorded: complete blood cell counts, blood glucose levels, serum iron and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Oral smears were collected from normal appearing tongue and buccal mucosa of the individuals by exfoliative cytology. The cells were morphologically analysed and the nuclear area (NA), the cytoplasmic area (CA) and the nucleus-to-cytoplasm area ratio (NA/CA) were calculated. Cell yield, cell cohesion, presence/absence of inflammatory cells and candida were observed. Results: The cytological smears of HIV patients showed abundant cell yield and the epithelial cells were found to be in close cohesive clusters and both findings were found to be statistically significant. Nuclear cytoplasmic ratio was seen to be increased in 93.8% of HIV positive patientsand Mild to moderate pleomorphism was observed in 17.9% of HIV positive patients. HIV positive patients had a diminished inflammatory response and this was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Statistically significant deviations from normal oral epithelium were found in the study conducted. With further research, oral exfoliative cytology may form a new, painless, inexpensive diagnostic method for HIV infections.
Whole-exome sequencing and functional studies identify RPS29 as a novel gene mutated in multicase Diamond-Blackfan anemia families
Authors: Mirabello Lisa , Macari Elizabeth R. , Jessop Lea , Ellis Steven R. , Myers Timothy , Giri Neelam , Taylor Alison M. , McGrath Katherine E. , Humphries Jessica M. , Ballew Bari J. , Yeager Meredith , Boland Joseph F. , He Ji , Hicks Belynda D. , Burdett Laurie , Alter Blanche P. , Zon Leonard , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsExome sequencing and functional studies identified RPS29 as a novel cause of autosomal dominant DBA. DBA-associated mutations caused haploinsufficiency, a pre-rRNA processing defect, and defective erythropoiesis using an rps29−/− zebra fish model.
Kinetics of CLL cells in tissues and blood during therapy with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib
Authors: Wodarz Dominik , Garg Naveen , Komarova Natalia L. , Benjamini Ohad , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G. , Kantarjian Hagop , James Danelle , O’Brien Susan , Burger Jan A. 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
During ibrutinib therapy, 1.7% of blood and 2.7% of tissue CLL cells die per day which is 3 and 5 times higher than without treatment. The fraction of CLL cells that redistribute into the blood during ibrutinib treatment represents 23.3% ± 17% of the tissue disease burden.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is frequently expressed in stromal cells of Hodgkin lymphoma and is associated with adverse clinical features: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Choe Ji-Young , Yun Ji Yun , Jeon Yoon Kyoung , Kim Se Hoon , Park Gyeongsin , Huh Joo Ryoung , Oh Sohee , Kim Ji Eun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Regulation of tumor microenvironment is closely involved in the prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme acting as immune modulator through suppression of T-cell immunity. This study aims to investigate role of IDO in the microenvironment of HL.

Methods
A total of 121 cases of HL were enrolled to do immunohistochemistry for IDO, CD163, CD68, CD4, CD8, and FoxP3. Positivity was evaluated from area fractions or numbers of positive cells using automated image analyzer. Correlations between IDO expression and various cellular infiltrates and clinicopathologic parameters were examined and survival analyses were performed.

Results
IDO was expressed in histiocytes, dendritic cells and some endothelial cells with variable degrees, but not in tumor cells. IDO positive cells were more frequently found in mixed cellularity type than other histologic types, and in cases with EBV+, high Ann Arbor stages, B symptoms, and high IPS (all p < 0.05). High IDO expression was associated with inferior survival (p < 0.001) and reflects an independent prognostic factor in nodular sclerosis HL.

Conclusions
This is the first study suggesting that IDO is the principle immunomodulator and is involved to adverse clinical outcomes of HL.
A note on ‘Coupled fixed point theorems for mixed g-monotone mappings in partially ordered metric spaces’
Authors: Bilgili Nurcan , Erhan Inci M , Karapınar Erdal , Turkoglu Duran 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recently, some (common) coupled fixed theorems in various abstract spaces have appeared as a generalization of existing (usual) fixed point results. Unexpectedly, we noticed that most of such (common) coupled fixed theorems are either weaker or equivalent to existing fixed point results in the literature. In particular, we prove that the very recent paper of Turkoglu and Sangurlu ‘Coupled fixed point theorems for mixed g-monotone mappings in partially ordered metric spaces [Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2013, 2013:348]’ can be considered as a consequence of the existing fixed point theorems on the topic in the literature. Furthermore, we give an example to illustrate that the main results of Turkoglu and Sangurlu (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2013:348, 2013) has limited applicability compared to the mentioned existing fixed point result.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review of clinical trials with a large sample size in the past 10 years
Authors: Chen Jian-Jun , Wang Xi-Mo , Liu Xing-Qiang , Li Wen , Dong Mo , Suo Zong-Wu , Ding Po , Li Yue 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common and most severe complication associated with diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for PEP is essential for identifying patients at high risk and subsequently choosing other suitable diagnoses.

Methods
Pertinent publications were identified through systematic searches of MEDLINE, Elsevier, and Springer; we performed a systematic review of 12 clinical studies published in the past ten years, selected out of 451 reviewed articles, in which risk factors for pancreatitis were identified. Seven probable risk factors were evaluated, and outcomes expressed in the case of dichotomous variables, as an odds ratio (OR) (with a 95% confidence interval, 95% CI).

Results
When the risk factors were analyzed, the OR for female gender was 1.40 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.58); the OR for previous PEP was 3.23 (95% CI 2.48 to 4.22); the OR for previous pancreatitis was 2.00 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.33); the OR for endoscopic sphincterotomy was 1.42 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.78); the OR for precut sphincterotomy was 2.11 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.59); the OR for Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction was 4.37 (95% CI 3.75 to 5.09); and the OR for non-prophylactic pancreatic duct stent was 2.10 (95% CI 1.63 to 2.69).

Conclusions
It appears that female gender, previous PEP, previous pancreatitis, endoscopic sphincterotomy, precut sphincterotomy, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and non-prophylactic pancreatic duct stent are the risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
New insights into the role of ID proteins in breast cancer metastasis: a MET affair
Authors: Teo Wee Siang , Nair Radhika , Swarbrick Alexander 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe establishment of lethal metastases depends on the capacity of a small number of cancer cells to regenerate a tumor after entering a target organ. Stankic and colleagues have identified a role for the inhibitor of differentiation protein, ID1, as a critical regulator of breast cancer stem-like properties and metastatic colonization. Under the control of tumor growth factor-beta signaling, ID1 induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition at the metastatic site by antagonizing the activity of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1. This study sheds light on mechanisms that initiate metastatic outgrowth, and strengthens the concept that epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is crucial at different stages of metastasis.
Genomic patterns resembling BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated breast cancers predict benefit of intensified carboplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: Vollebergh Marieke A , Lips Esther H , Nederlof Petra M , Wessels Lodewyk FA , Wesseling Jelle , vd Vijver Marc J , de Vries Elisabeth GE , van Tinteren Harm , Jonkers Jos , Hauptmann Michael , Rodenhuis Sjoerd , Linn Sabine C 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
BRCA-mutated breast cancer cells lack the DNA-repair mechanism homologous recombination that is required for error-free DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may cause hypersensitivity to DNA DSB-inducing agents, such as bifunctional alkylating agents and platinum salts. HRD can be caused by BRCA mutations, and by other mechanisms. To identify HRD, studies have focused on triple-negative (TN) breast cancers as these resemble BRCA1-mutated breast cancer closely and might also share this hypersensitivity. However, ways to identify HRD in non-BRCA-mutated, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers have remained elusive. The current study provides evidence that genomic patterns resembling BRCA1- or BRCA2-mutated breast cancers can identify breast cancer patients with TN as well as ER-positive, HER2-negative tumors that are sensitive to intensified, DSB-inducing chemotherapy.

Methods
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used to classify breast cancers. Patients with tumors with similar aCGH patterns as BRCA1- and/or BRCA2-mutated breast cancers were defined as having a BRCA-likeCGH status, others as non-BCRA-likeCGH. Stage-III patients (n = 249) had participated in a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant high-dose (HD) cyclophosphamide-thiotepa-carboplatin (CTC) versus 5-fluorouracil-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide (FE90C) chemotherapy.

Results
Among patients with BRCA-likeCGH tumors (81/249, 32%), a significant benefit of HD-CTC compared to FE90C was observed regarding overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.19, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.48) that was not seen for patients with non-BRCA-likeCGH tumors (adjusted hazard ratio 0.90, 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.54) (P = 0.004). Half of all BRCA-likeCGH tumors were ER-positive.

Conclusions
Distinct aCGH patterns differentiated between HER2-negative patients with a markedly improved outcome after adjuvant treatment with an intensified DNA-DSB-inducing regimen (BRCA-likeCGH patients) and those without benefit (non-BRCA-likeCGH patients).