bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of haematogenous and lymphogenous chemokine receptors and their ligands on uveal melanoma in association with liver metastasis
Authors: Dobner Bianca C. , Riechardt Aline I. , Joussen Antonia M. , Englert Stefan , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  Chemokine receptors and their ligands are involved in a number of cell processes, including normal cell trafficking as well as metastasis in cancer. During metastasis, they are thought to play a role in determining cancer cell distribution and target organs. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR7 and CCR10 as well as their respective chemokine ligands (CXCL12, CCL19, CCL27) in human uveal melanomas.Methods:  Seventy formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded uveal melanoma specimens from patients treated in 1996–1997 were examined using immunohistochemistry and evaluated using an immune reactive score (IRS).Results:  The chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR7 and CCR10 were primarily expressed in the cytoplasm of uveal melanoma cells, with CXCR4 (average IRS 8.2) and CCR7 (average IRS 5.7) showing the strongest expression, respectively. The chemokine ligand CCL19 demonstrated a moderate expression (average IRS 5.3), whereas the expression of receptor CCR10 (average IRS of 3.4), ligand CCL27 (average IRS 2.5) and ligand CXCL12 (average IRS 0.6) by uveal melanoma cells was low. A significant association between liver metastases and chemokine expression was found for CCR7 expression (p = 0.037) only. Comparison of liver metastasis and choroid uveal melanoma (35.3%, n = 12 of 34) versus ciliary body involvement (72.7%, n = 8 of 11) was significant (p = 0.030).Conclusion:  Chemokine receptors are more strongly expressed on uveal melanoma cells than their ligands. Our results show new aspects of the metastatic process in uveal melanoma.
How are drug regimen changes during hospitalisation handled after discharge: a cohort study
Authors: Viktil Kirsten K , Blix Hege Salvesen , Eek Anne Katrine , Davies Maren Nordsveen , Moger Tron A , Reikvam Aasmund 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate drug regimen changes during hospitalisation and explore how these changes are handled after patients are transferred back into the care of their general practitioners (GPs).DesignCohort study.SettingPatients in this multicentre study had undergone at least one change in their drug regimens at discharge from the general medicine departments at six hospitals in Norway. These changes were altered doses, discontinuation of drugs or start of new drugs. Clinical pharmacists visited the patients’ GPs 4–5 months after patient discharge and recorded any additional drug regimen changes.ResultsIn total, 105 patients (mean age 76.1 years, 54.3% women) completed the study. On average, they used 5.6 drugs at admission (range 0–16) and 7.6 drugs at discharge (range 1–17). On average, 4.4 drug changes per patient (SD 2.7, range 1–16) were made at the hospital, and 3.4 drug changes per patient (SD 2.9, range 0–14) within 4–5 months of discharge. Of the 465 drug changes made in hospital, 153 were changed again after discharge (mean 1.5 per patient, SD 1.8, range 0–13). The drug regimens of 90 of these 105 patients were changed after discharge. The OR for extensive drug changes after discharge (≥ 4 changes) increased significantly with the number of drugs used at discharge from hospital (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.59). Only 68 of 105 discharge notes contained complete drug lists, and only 24 of the discharge notes were received by the GPs within 7 days.ConclusionsIn addition to the extensive changes in drug regimens during hospitalisation, almost equally extensive changes were made in the initial months after discharge. Surveillance of drug regimens is particularly necessary in the period immediately after hospital discharge.
Does cheese intake blunt the association between soft drink intake and risk of the metabolic syndrome? Results from the cross-sectional Oslo Health Study
Authors: Høstmark Arne Torbjørn , Haug Anna 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesA high soft drink intake may promote, whereas intake of cheese may reduce risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but will cheese intake blunt the soft drink versus MetS association?DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe Oslo Health Study.ParticipantsAmong the 18 770 participants of the Oslo Health Study there were 5344 men and 6150 women having data on cheese and soft drink intake and on risk factors for MetS, except for fasting glucose. TheMetSRiskindex=the weighted sum of triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) divided by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were used as a combined risk estimate to examine the cheese/soft drink versus MetS interaction, and theSumRiskindex was used to assess whether increasing intake of soft drinks/cheese would include an increasingnumberof MetS factors being above the cut-off values. We analysed the data using non-parametric correlation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsIn all three groups of soft drink intake (seldom/rarely, 1–6 glasses/week, ≥1 glass/day), there was a negative cheese versus MetSRisk correlation (p≤0.003), but in the highest intake group the influence of cheese seemed to level off, suggesting interaction. However, there was no interaction between cheese and soft drinks within the fully adjusted models. Conversely, at all four levels of cheese intake, MetSRisk increased with an increasing intake of soft drinks (p≤0.001 at all cheese levels). Similar associations were found with the SumRisk index. When controlling for a large number of covariates (eg, sex, age group, smoking, education, physical activity, intake of fruits/berries and vegetables), the above associations prevailed.ConclusionsCheese intake blunted the association between soft drink intake and MetS, an influence possibly related to fatty acid desaturation, or to undetected covariates.
Risk factors for injury mortality in rural Tanzania: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Ae-Ngibise Kenneth Ayuurebobi , Masanja Honorati , Kellerman Ronel , Owusu-Agyei Seth 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundInjuries rank high among the leading causes of death and disability annually, injuring over 50 million and killing over 5 million people globally. Approximately 90% of these deaths occur in developing countries.ObjectivesTo estimate and identify the risk factors for injury mortality in the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (RHDSS) in Tanzania.MethodsSecondary data from the RHDSS covering the period 2002 and 2007 was examined. Verbal autopsy data was used to determine the causes of death based on the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Trend and Poisson regression tests were used to investigate the associations between risk factors and injury mortality.ResultsThe overall crude injury death rate was 33.4/100 000 population. Injuries accounted for 4% of total deaths. Men were three times more likely to die from injuries compared with women (adjusted IRR (incidence risk ratios)=3.04, p=0.001, 95% CI (2.22 to 4.17)). The elderly (defined as 65+) were 2.8 times more likely to die from injuries compared with children under 15 years of age (adjusted IRR=2.83, p=0.048, 95% CI (1.01 to 7.93)). The highest frequency of deaths resulted from road traffic crashes.ConclusionsInjury is becoming an important cause of mortality in the Rufiji district. Injury mortality varied by age and gender in this area. Most injuries are preventable, policy makers need to institute measures to address the issue.
Do National Activation Measures Stand the Test of European Law on the Free Movement of Workers and Jobseekers?
Authors: Verschueren Herwig 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article examines the compatibility of national measures taken to stimulate non-active people to enter the labour market (the so-called activation measures) with European law on the free movement of workers and jobseekers. It will first give a short overview of the objectives of the European employment strategy, more specifically with regard to the activation of workers. Subsequently it will sketch the European legal context of the free movement of workers and jobseekers, with special attention for the measures taken at the European level to enable and stimulate labour migration within the EU and thus create a European labour market. In the third part, by way of example, we will have a closer look at a number of activation measures taken in Belgium and examine which problems could arise in cross-border applications from the point of view of European law.
The Devil, the Violin, and Paganini: The Myth of the Violin as Satan’s Instrument
Authors: Berger Robert W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStringed instruments are included in Psalm 150 among those appropriate for music-making in praise of the Lord. For that reason, angels frequently appear in medieval and Renaissance art playing bowed and plucked instruments. The later association of the violin and the Devil is therefore a departure from the religious tradition. This paper traces the appearance of this notion in eastern European folklore, Shakespeare and his contemporaries, reactions to instrumental virtuosity in the Baroque period, Tartini’s dream, and the career of Paganini, in whom the myth reached its apogee.
Bolivia: The Construction of an Alternative Science and Technology Policy
Authors: Daza Germán Sánchez , Piñero Fernando Julio 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze recent changes in Bolivia’s science and technology policy and contextualize them in the surrounding region. It is recognized that since the 1980s, Latin America initiated a series of changes in its science and technology policies driven by the needs of the economic accumulation regime prevalent and based on new theories of innovation. Policies placed their emphasis on the application of scientific technology in order to boost national competitiveness. During the 1990s, a closer link was established between the neoliberal regime of accumulation, science and technology policies, and the concept of innovation. The outcry from various social movements subsequently demanded a refocus of these policies towards a more regional and social orientation. The emergence of governments more critical of neoliberalism resulted in the need to rethink science and technology policies as shown by the experience of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador. The transitional case of Bolivia is examined here so as to contribute to the larger discussion concerning Latin America’s science and technology policies.
Remaining with the Crossing: Social-Political Historical Critique at the Limit in Latin American Thought
Authors: Vallega Alejandro A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
If the question of the humanity of “the other” may become a question, and not be reinscribed into Western colonizing patterns of thought, then its issuing must concern a limit (always arising beyond Western thought), a delimitation of existence that is risked and put at risk without recourse to the project or operation of that colonizing thought that situates it. Ideas of subjectivity, agency, and power-knowledge potential for progress, as well as rationalist instrumental thought used to recognize those peoples and cultures excluded and oppressed under the Western Modern tradition, must be put into question by the very agents claiming recognition, as well as the epistemic structures that sustain these concepts and the dispositions and subconscious expectations constituted by the colonizing practices of bodies and imaginaries that project the very horizons of one’s existence.
Fascism as a Mass-Movement (1934)
Authors: Rosenberg Arthur 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Arthur Rosenberg’s remarkable essay, first published in 1934, was probably the most incisive historical analysis of the origins of fascism to emerge from the revolutionary Left in the interwar years. In contrast to the official Comintern line that fascism embodied the power of finance-capital, Rosenberg saw fascism as a descendant of the reactionary mass-movements of the late-nineteenth century. Those movements encompassed a new breed of nationalism that was ultra-patriotic, racist and violently opposed to the Left, and prefigured fascism in all these ways. What was distinctive about the fascists in Italy and Germany was not so much their ideology (a pastiche of motifs that drew on those earlier traditions of the conservative and radical Right) as the use of stormtroopers to wage the struggle against democracy in more decisive and lethal ways. After the broad historical sweep of its first part, the essay looks at the factors that were peculiar to the Italian and German situations respectively, highlighting both the rôle of the existing authorities in encouraging the fascists and the wider class-appeal of the fascist parties themselves, beyond any supposed restriction to the middle-class or ‘petty bourgeoisie’.
Dialectics of the Ideal (2009)
Authors: Ilyenkov Evald 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
E.V. Ilyenkov is widely considered to be the most important Soviet philosopher in the post-Stalin period. He is known largely for his original conception of the ideal, which he deployed against both idealist and crude materialist forms of reductionism, including official Soviet Diamat. This conception was articulated in its most developed form in ‘Dialectics of the Ideal’ (2009), which was written in the mid-1970s but prevented from publication in its complete form until thirty years after the author’s death. The translation before you provides for the first time the complete, unabridged and unedited text of ‘Dialectics of the Ideal’ in English translation, including the author’s own subsequent comments on the text.
The Struggle for African Identity: Thabo Mbeki's African Renaissance
Authors: AHLUWALIA PAL 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper examines South African President Thabo Mbeki's notion of the African Renaissance. Representations of Africa have been challenged in the past by movements such as negritude and pan-Africanism. Thabo Mbeki's proclamation of the African Renaissance can be seen as another attempt to fight and challenge prevailing representations of Africa. An African Renaissance that does not degenerate into essentialism (particularlism) has the potential to transform the lives of the many Africans who have been ravaged by the continuing legacy of colonialism. The author argues that if the call for an African Renaissance is to have any lasting impact on the African condition, it must be careful to avoid taking the essentialist positions advocated by earlier ideological movements such as negritude. The essay contends that the call for an African Renaissance is an important effort which needs to be adopted by Africans beyond the borders of South Africa.
An Exploration of Novatian’s Hermeneutic on Divine Impassibility and God’s Emotions in Light of Modern Concerns
Authors: Song John B. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This essay draws attention to Novatian’s view of divine impassibility and God’s emotions. Many modern theologians have abnegated this attribute because of the alleged paradox with scriptural depictions of God’s affections. After a brief genetic study of the term impassibility, followed by a compendious survey of select modern theologians, I offer Novatian as a way forward beyond this theological impasse. The church can profit from the early polemics against Marcion who posited that the one God was unable to bear all the emotional ascriptions scripture predicates to God. To Novatian, God was impassible yet possessed a manifold of emotions.
Hellenism in Central Asia and the North-West of the Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent: The Epigraphic Evidence
Authors: Rougemont Georges 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Greek inscriptions from Central Asia give information mainly on the three centuries before our era, particularly on the 3rd and 2nd century BC. In the Greek inscriptions from Central Asia, we notice the absence of any sign of a civic life; the inscriptions, however, clearly show firstly on which cultural frontier the Greeks of Central Asia lived and secondly how proudly they asserted their cultural identity. The presence in Central Asia of a living Greek culture is unquestionable, and the most striking fact is that the authors of the inscriptions were proud of the Greek culture. Their Greek names however do not necessarily reveal the ethnic origin, and we do not know whether among them there were “assimilated” Bactrians or Indians. The Greeks, at any rate, constituted a limited community of people living very far from their country of origin, at the borders of two foreign worlds (Iranian and Indian) which were far bigger and older than theirs.
Biblical Predictions of the Prophet Muĥammad among the Zaydīs of Iran*
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Biblical predictions of the advent of the Prophet Muĥammad are rarely adduced in the theological writings of Muʿtazilite authors and those who referred to them clearly considered this to be a secondary strategy at best. Zaydī Muʿtazilites were less hesitant than their Sunnī counterparts to employ scriptural materials. This was possibly due to the influence of the Imām al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-Rassī (d. 246/860) who was intimately familiar with Christian theological notions and with the Bible, from which he quoted freely in some of his writings. Among the Zaydīs of Iran, scriptural passages allegedly foretelling the advent of Muĥammad have been adduced by the Imām al-Muʾayyad bi-Llāh (d. 411/1020), by his companion, the later Imām al-Muwaffaq bi-Llāh (d. after 420/1029), and by Aĥmad b. Muĥammad al-Sammān (fl. early 5th/11th century). An analysis of the texts suggests that the three authors were drawing on source(s)/translation traditions preceding or parallel to that of ʿAlī b. Rabban al-Ṭabarī’s (d. 251/865) al-Dīn wa-l-dawla and Ibn Qutayba’s (d. 276/889) Aʿlām al-nubuwwa.
Al-Manṣūr bi-Llāh’s controversy with Twelver Šīʿites concerning the occultation of the Imam in his Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-ṯamīn*
Authors: Jarrar Maher 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article tackles one of the main points of dissension between the Zaydiyya and the Imāmiyya, notably, the repudiation of the former to the chiliastic concept of the occultation of the Imam (ġayba). It will address the exchange of polemics between both groups, which goes back to the 3rd/9th century. Its main focus, however, is the refutation conjured by the Yemeni Imam al-Manṣūr bi-Llāh ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥamza (d. 614/1217).
Grundfragen des deutschen Religionsverfassungsrechts in Theorie und Praxis Ein kritischer Überblick
Authors: Czermak Gerhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe article outlines the development and most important features of the religious constitutional law of the Federal Republic of Germany, as constituted in the Grundgesetz (the German Costitution) and the decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court. Under the basic principle of neutrality, it constitutes a system of separation with single aspects of cooperation of the state and religious communities. It is also a system of wide freedom and of kindness to religion. Non-religious worldviews are explicitly equated for individuals as well as for religious and non-religious associations. This system is in theory exemplary, but holed by contradictory laws, church-state-treaties and one-sided financial subventions in a huge dimension. The indirect influence of the large Christian churches is remarkable. Christian institutions dominate the social services – with unpleasing consequences for over 1 million employees, who are subject to a special employment law. Meanwhile, low-level discrimination of small religious communities continues.
Der Wissenschaftler als Führer aus der deutschen Krise Zu Erich von Kahlers Polemik gegen Max Weber
Authors: Greiert Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOnce Weber's entire conception of science is taken as a basis for an inspection of Kahler's argumentation against Weber, then against Kahler's opinion Weber's positions do not at all appear obsolete or outmoded, but innovative and topical. Depending more upon fundamental axioms of the George-Circle than it has been outlined in scholarship so far, Kahler's own claim for novelty at the same time has to be clearly repudiated.
“Epistemology, Ethos, and Environment”: In Search of a Theology of Pentecostal Theological Education
Authors: Kärkkäinen Veli-Matti 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to take a theological look at Pentecostal theological education at the global level. While dialoguing widely with various current and historical discussions of the theology of theological education, particularly with David Kelsey of Yale University, the essay urges Pentecostals to negotiate an epistemology that corrects and goes beyond both modernity and postmodernity. The essay also urges Pentecostals to negotiate several seeming opposites such as “academic” versus “spiritual” or “doctrinal” versus “critical.” The final part of the essay offers Pentecostals some advice and inspiration from the reservoirs of the long history and experience of non-Pentecostal theological institutions.
An investigation on the sperm number and reproductive parameters of males in wild caught freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus, Eschscholtz)
Authors: Harlioğlu Muzaffer Mustafa , Kutluyer Filiz , Gür Seyfettin 
Published: November 2012

In the present study, the sperm number of wild caught Astacus leptodactylus was counted in the beginning of reproduction season. In addition, the reproductive system, testes, and vasa deferentia were weighed, and gonado-somatic index and testicular index were calculated. Twenty-five adult males of A. leptodactylus were used for the study. Significant linear regressions were found between body length (and weight) and sperm count, reproductive system weight, testes weight and vasa deferentia weight (). The mean sperm number of vas deferens for the size range of 41-56 mm carapace length crayfish was 5.72 ± 4.54 × 109 sperm/distal vas deferens (DVD) section. Sperm number ranged from 4 × 108 to 8.5 × 109 sperm/DVD section. The results revealed that an increase in body weight causes an increase in sperm number. For example, mean sperm number was 3.87 ± 2.87 × 109 for the weight range of 15-24 g crayfish, 5.01 ± 2.62 × 109 for the weight range of 25-35 g crayfish and 7.37 ± 2.87 × 109 for the weight range of 36-42 g crayfish. In conclusion, this study provides some data on the male reproduction characters and needs to be improved with details about the reproductive performance of males (i.e., sperm number and quality) in order to reach a maximum reproductive efficiency in captivity.