bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal Function and Upper Airway Thermoregulation in Five Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Sandage Mary J. , Connor Nadine P. , Pascoe David D. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
Phonation threshold pressure and perceived phonatory effort were hypothesized to increase and upper airway temperature to decrease following exposure to cold and/or dry air. Greater changes were expected with mouth versus nose breathing.

Method
In a within-participant repeated measures design, 15 consented participants (7 men, 8 women) completed 20-min duration trials to allow for adequate thermal equilibration for both nose and mouth breathing in 5 different environments: 3 temperatures (°C) matched for relative humidity (% RH), cold (15 °C, 40% RH), thermally neutral (25 °C, 40% RH), and hot (35 °C, 40% RH); and 2 temperatures with variable relative humidity to match vapor pressure for the neutral environment (25 °C, 40% RH), cold (15 °C, 74% RH) and hot (35 °C, 23% RH). Following each equilibration trial, measures were taken in this order: upper airway temperature (transnasal thermistor probe), phonation threshold pressure, and perceived phonatory effort.

Results
Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, and no significant differences were established.

Conclusions
The study hypotheses were not supported. Findings suggest that the upper airway is tightly regulated for temperature when challenged by a realistic range of temperature and relative humidity environments. This is the first study of its kind to include measurement of upper airway temperature in conjunction with measures of vocal function.
The Safety of SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) Administered in Feed to Fingerling Rainbow Trout
Authors: Bowker James D , Carty Dan , Bowman Molly P 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is an in-feed treatment that has been shown to be effective and safe for controlling infestations of several ectoparasitic crustacean copepods and branchiurans in a variety of seawater- and freshwater-reared fishes. Although the safety of EB (in a pre-SLICE formulation) for use with seawater-reared Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been demonstrated, the safety of SLICE for freshwater-reared Rainbow Trout has not. Consequently, we conducted a trial to evaluate the safety of SLICE for freshwater-reared Rainbow Trout when administered in feed at a dose of 0 (0×), 50 (1 × the maximum proposed therapeutic dose [1×]), 100 (2×), or 150 (3×) μg of EB·kg of fish body weight (BW)−1·d−1 for 14 d (2 × the proposed 7-d treatment duration). Medicated feed was prepared by top-coating commercially available feed with SLICE. Rainbow Trout fingerlings (mean TL ± SD = 7.4 ± 0.7 cm; mean weight ± SD = 4.4 ± 1.2 g) were stocked into 57-L flow-through tanks at 20 fish/tank. Diets were randomly assigned to four replicate tanks per treatment; fish in four additional, nontrial tanks were fed control diets and were weighed weekly to calculate the proper feeding quantities. Throughout the trial, water quality was maintained within ranges suitable for Rainbow Trout culture, fish were fed the assigned feeds at 4% BW/d divided equally between three feedings, and fish behavior was characterized as normal. Fish in the 0×, 1×, and 2× exposure groups consumed all of the offered feed at least 92% of the time, whereas fish in the 3× exposure group consumed all of the offered feed 75% of the time. No fish died, and gross and microscopic fish health evaluations revealed no chronic toxicity patterns. Based on these results, we conclude that there is an adequate margin of safety associated with administering SLICE-medicated feed to fingerling Rainbow Trout at the proposed therapeutic treatment regimen of 50 μg EB·kg fish BW−1·d−1 for 7 d.
Automated Measures of Hand Hygiene Compliance among Healthcare Workers Using Ultrasound: Validation and a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fisher Dale A. , Seetoh Theresa , May-Lin Helen Oh , Viswanathan Sivakumar , Toh Yanling , Yin Wong Chiang , Eng Loh Siw , Yang Tan Shire , Schiefen Steve , Je Minkyu , Peh Ruey Feng , Loke Fiona Wei Ling , Dempsey Michael 
Published: July 2013

Objective.The primary objective of this study was to validate a novel method of assessing hand hygiene compliance using ultrasound transmitters in patient zones and staff tagged with receivers. The secondary objective was to assess the impact of audio reminders and quantified individual feedback.Design.An observational comparison against manual assessment followed by assessment using an open-label randomized control method.Setting.Patient zones were established in 3 wards of 2 large teaching hospitals, including 88 general and 18 intensive care unit ward beds.Participants.Consented regular ward nursing, medical, and allied health staff.Methods.Concordance between 40 hours of manual observation using trained hand hygiene auditors and automated measures of opportunities and compliance. Subsequent measured interventions were reminder beeps and written individual feedback.Results.When compared with manual observations, ultrasound monitoring underestimated percentage compliances by a nonsignificant mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) difference of 5.2% (−20.1% to 9.8%; P = .491). After the intervention, adjusted multivariate analysis showed mean (95% CI) overall compliance in the intervention arm was 6.8% (2.5%−11.1%; P = .002) higher than in the control arm. Results stratified by compliance at entry and exit showed that the effect of intervention was stronger for compliance at exit than at entry.Conclusions.Our automated measure of hand hygiene compliance is valid when compared with the traditional gold standard of manual observations. As an interventional tool, ultrasound-based automated hand hygiene audits have significant benefit that can be built upon with enhancements and find increasing acceptance with time.
Circulating angiopoietin‐2, its soluble receptor Tie‐2, and mortality in the general population
Authors: Lorbeer Roberto , Baumeister Sebastian E. , Dörr Marcus , Nauck Matthias , Grotevendt Anne , Völzke Henry , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Wallaschofski Henri , Lieb Wolfgang 
Published: July 2013

AimsTo assess the association of circulating concentrations of angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) and its soluble receptor Tie‐2 (sTie‐2) with all‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a population‐based sample.Methods and resultsAngiopoietin‐2 and sTie‐2 were measured in 3220 participants (1665 women; mean age 54.4 years) in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow‐up of 6.2 years, 217 participants died. Ang‐2 levels were positively associated with all‐cause mortality [HR 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.39 per 1 SD increment; P < 0.001] and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18–1.49; P < 0.001), but not with cancer mortality (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.89–1.32; P = 0.416). Levels of sTie‐2 were not significantly related to all‐cause mortality (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.98–1.27; P = 0.102). Adding Ang‐2 to a prediction model for all‐cause mortality with standard risk factors slightly improved discrimination (Δ Harrell's C, 0.008; P < 0.001) but not risk reclassification (continuous net reclassification improvement, −0.015; P = 0.571).ConclusionIn our community‐based sample, higher serum Ang‐2 concentrations were associated with greater risk for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, suggesting that subtle increases in Ang‐2 levels might reflect processes such as vascular remodelling that are associated with higher mortality risk. Adding Ang‐2 to a mortality prediction model only modestly improved discrimination.
N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide but not copeptin improves prediction of heart failure over other routine clinical risk parameters in older men with and without cardiovascular disease: population‐based study
Authors: Goya Wannamethee S. , Welsh Paul , Whincup Peter H. , Lennon Lucy , Papacosta Olia , Sattar Naveed 
Published: July 2013

AimsMeasurement of NT‐proBNP and copeptin may help identify those at high risk of heart failure (HF). However the value of NT‐proBNP and copeptin has been little studied in the older population in primary care. This study aims to examine the use of NT‐proBNP and copeptin in improving risk prediction and stratification of HF in older men with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and resultsThis was a prospective study of 3870 men aged 60–79 years with no diagnosed HF followed up for a mean period of 11 years, during which there were 254 incident HF cases. NT‐proBNP was associated with HF in those with and without established CVD [diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI), angina, or stroke]. NT‐proBNP improved prediction beyond routine conventional risk factors (age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, history of MI, and history of angina) and the Health ABC Heart Failure Score in all men and in men with and without established CVD (P<0.0001 for improvement in c‐statistics). The net reclassification index (NRI) beyond conventional risk factors was 18.8% overall (27.4% for men without CVD and 17.4% for men with CVD). In contrast, copeptin was associated with HF in men with CVD only and did not improve prediction of HF after inclusion of conventional risk factors (P = 0.95 for improvement in c‐statistics).ConclusionNT‐proBNP, but not copeptin significantly improves prediction and risk stratification of HF beyond routine clinical parameters obtained in general practice settings in older men both with and without established CVD.
Epicurean Cannibalism, or France Gone Savage
Authors: Duggan Anne E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This article explores the figure of the Epicurean-as-cannibal in the
Doctrine curieuse des beaux esprits de ce temps, ou pretendus tels
(1623) by the French Jesuit priest François Garasse. The
Doctrine
was drafted as an attack on the poet Théophile de Viau and his ‘Epicurean’ entourage, and was instrumental in transforming the French literary field of the early seventeenth century. Garasse uses the figure of the cannibal to locate Epicureans outside the civilized, Catholic, and human community. Cannibalism comes to signify transgressive, animal-like behaviour based on immanent desire as opposed to civilized behaviour guided by external law, while the cannibal serves as a figure for the heretical body that threatens to devour French youth. After comparing Théophile and Epicureans to cannibalistic peoples, Garasse moves on to associate them with cannibalistic animals in order to depict the supposed danger they represented to the Christian French body politic.
Bridging the gap between Bayesian and story-comparison models of juridical inference
Authors: Spottswood Emily 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this article, I offer a survey and critique of the long-standing debate within evidence scholarship over what descriptive model best captures the manner in which judges and juries determine disputed facts. For decades, there has been a stand-off between Bayesians, who believe that the task of fact-finding can best be understood in probabilistic terms, and story-model proponents, who describe the task of fact-finding in terms of comparative evaluation of competing stories. Drawing on the dual-process tradition in psychology and cognitive science research, I argue that committing to either view on its own fails to capture important aspects of the fact-finding process. The dual-process tradition predicts that judges and juries typically process a great volume of information in an automatic and unconscious way that bears a closer resemblance to the dense networks of conditional probability relations envisioned by Bayesians than to the linear comparisons of separate, hypothetical stories. At the same time, however, fact-finders sometimes engage a second layer of conscious, semantically based reasoning that does involve explicit story-comparison. Sometimes such reasoning is used to channel or override the intuitions that flow from the first stage of reasoning, but at other times it will work instead to justify or defend such intuitions from outside attack. This dual-process account has important implications for the debate between Bayesian and story-model approaches, making it more likely that components of both are necessary to fully appreciate the task of fact-finding.
Preoperative Thrombocytopenia and Postoperative Outcomes after Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Blumberg Neil , Eaton Michael P. , Lustik Stewart J. , Osler Turner M. , Wissler Richard , Zollo Ray , Karcz Marcin , Feng Changyong , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background:
Most studies examining the prognostic value of preoperative coagulation testing are too small to examine the predictive value of routine preoperative coagulation testing in patients having noncardiac surgery.

Methods:
Using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database, the authors performed a retrospective observational study on 316,644 patients having noncardiac surgery who did not have clinical indications for preoperative coagulation testing. The authors used multivariable logistic regression analysis to explore the association between platelet count abnormalities and red cell transfusion, mortality, and major complications.

Results:
Thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis occurred in 1 in 14 patients without clinical indications for preoperative platelet testing. Patients with mild thrombocytopenia (101,000–150,000 µl−1), moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia (<100,000 µl−1), and thrombocytosis (≥450,000 µl−1) were significantly more likely to be transfused (7.3%, 11.8%, 8.9%, 3.1%) and had significantly higher 30-day mortality rates (1.5%, 2.6%, 0.9%, 0.5%) compared with patients with a normal platelet count. In the multivariable analyses, mild thrombocytopenia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18–1.39) and moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.49–2.08), and thrombocytosis (AOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.30–1.60) were associated with increased risk of blood transfusion. Mild thrombocytopenia (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11–1.56) and moderate-to-severe thrombocytopenia (AOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.43–2.61) were also associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality, whereas thrombocytosis was not (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.72–1.22).

Conclusion:
Platelet count abnormalities found in the course of routine preoperative screening are associated with a higher risk of blood transfusion and death.
Review of research studies on population specific epidemic disasters
Authors: Adivar Burcu , Selin Selen Ebru 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the epidemic modeling applications and policy‐making strategies for six different infectious diseases in a number of countries, thus comparing and contrasting research in underdeveloped, developing, and developed countries.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review has been conducted by identifying relevant studies for six diseases from different sources and selecting 74 publications for inclusion. These selected publications are classified and analyzed based on infectious disease, control policies, theme and objective, methodology, origin of population data, publication year and results.FindingsReview results indicate that disaster preparedness and surveillance plans for epidemics are available mostly for developed countries. There is a need for further research in both developing and developed countries because of the ease of dispersion, which constitutes a universal threat. Analysis of the publications suggests that epidemic disasters are mostly studied by researchers in the field of medicine or biology with the aim of assessing the potential impact of an epidemic. The authors highlight the need for further research in operations research and disaster management fields and propose further research directions in the area of disaster management.Social implicationsThis review emphasizes the importance of epidemic disaster modeling for the preparedness stage of disaster management and policy making. Disease and population‐specific intervention policies (e.g. vaccination) reported in this review should set an example and help policy makers during their decision making.Originality/valuePotential use of the epidemiological modeling on further planning and decision‐making issues in the context of disaster management is studied for the first time.
Service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty among industrial customers of a public electricity utility in Malawi
Authors: Chodzaza Gilbert E. , Gombachika Harry S.H. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty among industrial customers of the public electricity utility organisation in Malawi using correlation and regression analyses.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional survey was used with a sample of 92 respondents drawn from a population of 286 industrial customers of the public electricity utility in the Southern Region of Malawi. Data were collected using a pre‐tested questionnaire based on SERVQUAL and multi‐item scales to measure customer satisfaction and loyalty.FindingsThe findings suggest that the service quality is poor irrespective of demographic characteristics of the industrial customers. Furthermore, the findings show that the public electricity utility industrial customers are dissatisfied with the service offered and are disloyal to the public electricity utility. However, the level of loyalty is moderated by level of consumption. Large consumers are less disloyal than small consumers. Finally, the findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty among the public electricity utility's industrial customers and that the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty is partially mediated by customer satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on functional quality offered by the public electricity utility to its industrial customers within Southern Region of Malawi limiting its generalisability. Additionally, it used the original SERVQUAL scale and some items may not be relevant to electricity utility organisation.Practical implicationsThe paper has a significant diagnostic value in the sense that it identifies areas where the public electricity utility must direct its resources in order to satisfy its industrial customers.Originality/valueThe paper extends the examination of the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty into public sectors of a predominantly associative culture in developing countries. Specifically, it extends the research into electricity utility organisations that operates in a monopolistic market.
Cultural values influencing project team success
Authors: Jetu Fanta T. , Riedl René 
Published: July 2013

PurposeInformation systems (IS) research in developing countries (DCs) has attracted increasing attention over recent years. Nevertheless, empirical studies in these countries in general, and particularly those drawing on the cultural values influencing project team success (PTS), are still far from satisfactory. Hence, scholars strongly recommend this specific area as prime research territory to improve the successful development and implementation of IS initiatives in DCs. The purpose of this paper is to provide better insights and an improved understanding about the cultural values influencing PTS.Design/methodology/approachIn order to investigate the cultural values which may affect PTS, data were collected from project experts working on business process reengineering and information technology projects in ten public and private organizations in the service sector in Ethiopia (n=200 questionnaires). A multivariate model was employed to identify the most important cultural values.FindingsThe results indicate that personally focused cultural values (e.g. openness to change) rather than socially focused cultural values (e.g. self‐transcendence) have the most significant influence on project team performance. Moreover, cultural values (independent of their designation as personally or socially focused) were found to have a strong relationship with two out of three dimensions of PTS, namely, project team learning and development, as well as project team working spirit, when compared to project team leadership.Originality/valueIdentifying the relationships between cultural values and the dimensions of PTS contributes to the establishment of theoretical insights into the success factors of IS projects in DCs. Moreover, it also assists practitioners, particularly project managers, in maximizing the possibility of PTS, which has been shown to be a major determinant of overall project success.
The role of transition in temporary organizations: linking the temporary to the permanent
Authors: Jacobsson Mattias , Burström Thommie , Wilson Timothy L. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis research note puts the role of transition back in the center of the temporary organization and lends to understanding the temporary organization as a transitory unit within the permanent organization. The purpose is to reactivate theory development within this field of research and promote a dialog that will point to a possible way forward.Design/methodology/approachAn intra‐organizational perspective is taken. Backgrounds of the two theories are covered and then the temporary organization as a transitory unit, and the role of transition are addressed. One basic transformation is made in the theory of the temporary organization and then the model superposed on the behavioral theory of the firm.FindingsIn total, four things were achieved. First, the conceptualization of temporary organization was simplified – five variables have been reduced to four in eliminating “action” as an element of description. Second, the conceptualization was extended to include constructs of the permanent organization. Third, the theory was strengthened by providing an extended framework that potentially could be examined to check observations against theory. Finally, some directions were suggested for future theory development to take.Research limitations/implicationsThe research note is conceptual, so applicability depends upon the nature of the particular organization to which it is applied.Originality/valueAlthough the paper is conceptual, the authors believe that the approach can be used to understand the interrelatedness of the temporary and permanent organization and to promote a dialog within this field of research – a dialog that hopefully will reactivate theory development.