bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Anisometric Metallic Supercrystal with Controllable Orientation on a Chip as a Stable and Reliable Label‐Free Biosensor
Authors: Qiu Li , Wang Wei Qiang , Zhang Nan Nan , Jia Hao Wei , Wang Jin , Ge Hong Hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBased on anisometric noble‐metal nanocrystals, a universal fabrication protocol for preparing 3D supercrystals with controlled orientation on a chip has been developed. A comparison of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behavior of 3D nanorod supercrystals aligned vertically and parallel to the chip indicates that the SERS‐enhancing ability and reproducibility of the former is superior to the latter. The 3D nanorod supercrystals aligned vertically to the chip have been utilized as highly sensitive SERS substrates for the label‐free discrimination of Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria. Furthermore, to strengthen the stability of the supercrystal substrate for assays of bacteria in biosamples, a coating of the antibiotic vancomycin can dramatically increase adhesion of bacteria on a nanointerface and simultaneously improve the SERS response of bacteria to achieve a layer‐by‐layer assembled, stable, and reliable biosensor for bacteria.
A new validated HPLC method for the determination of sulforaphane: application to study pharmacokinetics of sulforaphane in rats
Authors: Ong Chau , Elbarbry Fawzy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA simple, accurate and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of sulforaphane (SF) in rat plasma. The method involves a simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure to extract both SF and 7‐hyrdoxycoumarin, the internal standard. The chromatographic analysis was achieved on a Shimadzu LC 20A HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 10 mm KH2PO4 (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile HPLC grade (40:60, v/v) run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 10 min. The UV detection wavelength was set at 202 nm. The method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.999) over the assayed concentration range (0.05–2 μg/mL) and demonstrated good intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy (relative standard deviations and the deviation from predicted values were <15%). This method was also successfully applied for studying the pharmacokinetics of SF in spontaneously hypertensive rats following single oral dietary doses of SF. The pharmacokinetics of SF show linear behavior at the dose range investigated in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple HPLC‐UV for the quantification of a new leishmanicidal candidate (E)‐1‐4(trifluoromethyl) benzylidene)‐5‐(2‐4‐dichlorozoyl) carbonylhydrazine (LASSBio‐1736) in rat plasma for pharmacokinetics assessment
Authors: Moraes Barbra Katyuschya Sanches , Bajerski Lisiane , Parisotto Alcides , Silva Carlos Eduardo da Rosa , Alves Marina Amaral , Barreiro Eliezer de Jesus , Freddo Rodrigo José , Dalla Costa Teresa , Lima Lídia Moreira , Haas Sandra Elisa 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this study, a sensitive HPLC‐UV assay was developed and validated for the determination of LASSBio‐1736 in rat plasma with sodium diclofenac as internal standard (IS). Liquid–liquid extraction using acetonitrile was employed to extract LASSBio‐1736 and IS from 100 μL of plasma previously basified with NaOH 0.1 M. Chromatographic separation was carried on Waters Spherisorb®S5 ODS2 C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using an isocratic mobile phase composed by water with triethylamine 0.3% (pH 4), methanol and acetonitrile grade (45:15:40, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Both LASSBio‐1736 and IS were eluted at 4.2 and 5 min, respectively, with a total run time of 8 min only. The lower limit of quantification was 0.2 μg/mL and linearity between 0.2 and 4 μg/mL was obtained, with an R2 > 0.99. The accuracy of the method was >90.5%. The relative standard deviations intra and interday were <6.19 and <7.83%, respectively. The method showed the sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and selectivity required to quantify LASSBio‐1736 in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies according to the criteria established by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removing the Active‐Site Flap in Lipase A from Candida antarctica Produces a Functional Enzyme without Interfacial Activation
Authors: Wikmark Ylva , Engelmark Cassimjee Karim , Lihammar Richard , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA mobile region is proposed to be a flap that covers the active site of Candida antarctica lipase A. Removal of the mobile region retains the functional properties of the enzyme. Interestingly interfacial activation, required for the wild‐type enzyme, was not observed for the truncated variant, although stability, activity, and stereoselectivity were very similar for the wild‐type and variant enzymes. The variant followed classical Michaelis–Menten kinetics, unlike the wild type. Both gave the same relative specificity in the transacylation of a primary and a secondary alcohol in organic solvent. Furthermore, both showed the same enantioselectivity in transacylation of alcohols and the hydrolysis of alcohol esters, as well as in the hydrolysis of esters chiral at the acid part.
Robust Cluster Building Unit: Icosanuclear Heteropolyoxocopperate Templated by Carbonate
Authors: Liu Fu‐Ling , Kozlevčar Bojan , Strauch Peter , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Guo Ling‐Yu , Wang Zhi , Sun Di 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe encapsulation of carbonate derived from atmospheric CO2 has resulted in an icosanuclear heteropolyoxocopperate, isolated as a metal–organic 1D chain, 2D sheet, or 3D framework, in which the Cu20 nanocluster represents the first eight‐capped α‐Keggin polyoxometalate with the late‐transition‐metal CuII as the polyatom, CO32− as the heteroanion, and OH− and suc2− or glu2− (H2suc=succinic acid; H2glu=glutaric acid) as the terminal ligands, which suggests a conceptual similarity to classical polyoxometalates. Even in the presence of competitive SO42− in the assembly system, the CO32− anion is still captured as a template to direct the formation of the Cu20 nanocluster, which indicates the stronger templation ability of CO32− compared with SO42−. When other aliphatic dicarboxylates, such as glutaric acid, were used as ligands, the CO32−‐templated Cu20 nanocluster was maintained and acted as a cluster building unit (CBU) to be linked by two glutarate bridges to generate a distinct 1D metal–organic chain. This report presents not only a rare example of a huge anion‐templated transition‐metal cluster, but also its use as a robust CBU to construct novel coordination architectures. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies revealed that an antiferromagnetic interaction exists within the Cu20 nanocluster. The correlation between the coordination structure and the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra recorded of both powder and single‐crystal samples are discussed in detail.
Emulsification at the Liquid/Liquid Interface: Effects of Potential, Electrolytes and Surfactants
Authors: Chowdhury Mehrin , Kataky Ritu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEmulsification of oils at liquid/liquid interfaces is of fundamental importance across a range of applications, including detergency. Adsorption and partitioning of the anionic surface active ions at the interface between two immiscible solutions is known to cause predictable chaos at the transfer potential region of the surfactant. In this work, the phenomenon that leads to the chaotic behaviour shown by sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) at the water/1,2‐dichloroethane interface is applied to commercial surfactants and aqueous/glyceryl trioleate interface. Electrochemical methods, electrocapillary curves, optical microscopy and conductivity measurements demonstrated that at 1.5 mm of SDBS, surfactants are adsorbed at the interface and assemble into micelles, leading to interfacial instability. As the concentration of the anionic surfactant was enhanced to 8 and 13.4 mm, the Marangoni effect and the interfacial emulsification became more prominent. The chaotic behaviour was found to be dependent on the surfactant concentration and the electrolytes present.
A comparative study on microstructure, texture, rheology, and crystallization kinetics of palm‐based diacylglycerol oils and corresponding palm‐based oils
Authors: Xu Yayuan , Wei Changqing , Zhao Xiaoqing , Lu Chen , Dong Cao 
Published: November 2015

Palm based diacylglycerol (P‐DAG) oils not only have health‐enhancing properties but also have distinct physicochemical characteristics. However, comprehensive information on the microstructure, rheology, and crystallization properties of P‐DAG oils have yet to be conducted. Thus, P‐DAG oils produced from palm stearin (PS), palm mid fraction (PMF), palm oil (PO), and palm olein (POL) were compared with corresponding palm based oils (P‐oils) in terms of SFC, crystallization properties, rheology, hardness, and microstructure. On the basis of Avrami constant (k) and exponent (n), P‐DAG oils showed higher nucleation and crystallization rate than P‐oils and displayed no spherulitic crystal growth at all examined supercoolings. The complex modulus and phase angle indicated P‐DAG oils except palm stearin DAG (PS‐DAG) appeared to show more strengthening network structure and more solid‐like nature compared to corresponding P‐oils. Substantial changes in crystals size and shape were detected in morphological images of P‐DAG oils excluding PS‐DAG compared to corresponding P‐oils. Nevertheless, all P‐DAG oils showed extremely similar microstructural images with compact structures of very small needle‐like crystals.Practical applications: This study provides valuable information about the microstructure, texture, rheology as well as the crystallization kinetics of palm‐based diacylglycerol oils. These informative data will contribute to exploitation and application of P‐DAG oils in plastic fat products in the future, which exhibited not only nutritional properties to treat obesity but also distinct physicochemical characteristics.Palm based diacylglycerol (P‐DAG) oils were produced from palm stearin, palm mid fraction, palm oil, and palm olein. A comprehensive information on solid fat content, crystallization properties, rheology, hardness, and microstructure of P‐DAG oils were conducted in comparison with corresponding palm based oils (P‐oils). Summarily, substantial differences in these properties of P‐DAG oils were detected compared to corresponding P‐oils.
A novel orally administered trimebutine compound (GIC‐1001) is anti‐nociceptive and features peripheral opioid agonistic activity and Hydrogen Sulphide‐releasing capacity in mice
Authors: Cenac N. , Castro M. , Desormeaux C. , Colin P. , Sie M. , Ranger M. , Vergnolle N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTrimebutine maleate, a noncompetitive spasmolytic agent with some affinity for peripheral μ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors has been evaluated as a treatment in a limited number of patients undergoing sedation‐free full colonoscopy. The efficiency of such treatment was comparable to sedation‐based colonoscopies to relieve from pain and discomfort.MethodsA new and improved trimebutine salt capable of releasing in vivo hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a gaseous mediator known to reduce nociception, has been developed. This drug salt (GIC‐1001) is composed of trimebutine bearing a H2S‐releasing counterion (3‐thiocarbamoylbenzoate, 3TCB), the latter having the ability to release H2S. GIC‐1001 has been tested here in a mouse model of colorectal distension.ResultsIn mice, while orally given trimebutine (the maleate salt, non‐H2S‐releaser) only slightly reduced the nociceptive response to increasing pressures of colorectal distension, oral administration of GIC‐1001 (the H2S‐releaser) was able to significantly reduce nociceptive response to all noxious stimuli, in a dose‐dependent manner. This effect of GIC‐1001 was significantly better than the effects of its parent compound trimebutine administered at equimolar doses.ConclusionsTaken together, these results demonstrated increased antinociceptive properties for GIC‐1001 compared to trimebutine, suggesting that this compound would be a better option to relieve from visceral pain and discomfort induced by lumenal distension.
Morphological response of a barrier island system on a catastrophic event: the AD 1634 North Sea storm
Authors: Fruergaard Mikkel , Kroon Aart 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe AD 1634 North Sea storm is one of the most catastrophic storms along the Wadden Sea coast of Denmark. In this study we show how pre‐1634 storm morphology exerted a strong control on the resulting post‐storm coastal morphology. Erosional responses associated with the storm were barrier breaching, dune scarping and shoreface erosion and accretionary responses were washover deposition, shoreface healing and barrier‐island formation. Local sediment sources appeared to have a particularly strong influence on post‐storm coastal evolution and allowed a very rapid formation of a barrier shoal which resulted in several kilometres of coastal progradation. Sediment budgets suggest that formation of the barrier shoal was possible, but the sediment transport rates in the decades after the 1634 storm, must have been two to three times higher than present‐day rates. The study demonstrates that catastrophic storms are capable of moving large amounts of sediments over relatively short time‐periods and can create barrier shoals, whereas moderate storms mostly rework the shoal or barrier and create more local erosion and/or landward migration. Catastrophic storms substantially influence long‐term and large‐scale coastal evolution, and storms may positively contribute to the sediment budget and promote coastal progradation in coastal areas with longshore sediment convergence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subglacial processes from drumlins in Clew Bay, western Ireland
Authors: Knight Jasper 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterpretation of subglacial processes and environments can be usefully informed by the stratigraphy and structures of sediments preserved within drumlins, and the down‐ice variability of these sediments. Drumlins in Clew Bay, western Ireland, were formed by westward late Pleistocene ice flow onto the Atlantic shelf, but the depositional processes and environments of these sediments remain uncertain. This study describes and interprets the drumlin stratigraphy and sediment properties and structures from two drumlins on the south side of Clew Bay. Drumlin sediments are dominated by massive to stratified diamicton deposited subglacially by deformation of flows of varying rheology. Folds, shears and clastic dikes within the sediments suggest active subglacial water flow related to variations in ice flow and ice‐bed coupling. The distal ends of the drumlins are dominated by stratified diamicton and gravel units with sandy interbeds. These sediments reflect deposition in a leeside subglacial cavity formed coevally with bedform development. A model is proposed that can account for sediment stratigraphic patterns and drumlin formation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staged laryngeal reconstruction with a prefabricated flap for radiation recurrent glottic carcinoma
Authors: Mourad Moustafa W. , Su Henry K. , Castro Jerry R. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Clain Jason B. , Mojica Jacqueline S. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough salvage total laryngectomy remains the definitive approach to recurrent/persistent glottic cancer following failed radiation therapy for favorable early‐stage disease, it comes at the price of a permanent laryngostome and an impact on quality of life. We describe a three‐stage method of laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy to address the unique challenges of operating on radiation recurrent/persistent cancer.Study DesignThis was a single‐surgeon retrospective case series of patients who underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic files of all patients who underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy.ResultsSeven male patients underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction following open partial salvage laryngectomy. The average follow‐up time since salvage surgery was 55 months. All patients were without evidence of recurrence and demonstrated satisfactory functional outcomes.ConclusionStaged reconstruction provides a more controlled assessment of wound healing and valuable pathologic information regarding the specific disease virulence and adequacy of the margins.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1061–1070, 2016
Industrially Scalable Approach to Nanohybrid Shish Kebabs by In Situ Nanofibrillation of Isotactic Poly(propylene)
Authors: Niu Ben , Miao Xia‐Ran , Chen Jun , Ji Xu , Zhong Gan‐Ji , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: November 2015

Herein, a feasible protocol of nanohybrid shish kebab (NHSK) in isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) blend is shown, where iPP nanofibrils in situ generate during melt compounding followed by hot stretching, thus serving as shish to induce the kebabs of LDPE under extensional flow, therewith leading to greatly improved mechanical properties. Although scanning electron microscope and small angle X‐ray scattering results reveal classic characteristic of NHSK, wide angle X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that some LDPE chains within the kebabs of LDPE are actually tilted off the flow direction. Through the comparison of LDPE lamellae epitaxially growing on iPP nanofibrils substrate under quiescent condition, it is concluded that the extensional flow affects the formation of NHSK notably, mainly by enhancing nuclei density and further influencing the twist of LDPE lamellae. Moreover, of particular significance is the methodology based on practical processing of extrusion in this work, making it promising to industrially achieve NHSK in polymer blend with advanced performance.
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Synthesis of Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Ellipsoids through Macro‐RAFT‐Agent‐Mediated Dispersion Polymerization: The Solvent Effect on the Morphology of the In Situ Synthesized Block Copolymer Nanoobjects
Authors: Liu Hui , Gao Chengqiang , Ding Zhonglin , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: November 2015

The solvent character affecting the morphology of the block copolymer nanoobjects prepared through the macro‐RAFT‐agent‐mediated dispersion polymerization is discussed. It is found that, in the polystyrene macro‐RAFT‐agent‐mediated dispersion polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in the solvent of the toluene/cyclohexane mixture, the toluene/cyclohexane weight ratio in the polymerization solvent highly affected the morphology of the in situ synthesized polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) nanoobjects, and nanospheres are formed in pure toluene and ellipsoids are formed in the toluene/cyclohexane mixture containing 10–20 wt% cyclohexane, respectively. The formation of the PS‐b‐P4VP ellipsoids is explored by checking the polymerization kinetics and the morphology of the in situ synthesized PS‐b‐P4VP nanoobjects at different monomer conversion. It was revealed that the formation of ellipsoids is possibly through the nanosphere–nanosphere fusion and/or the nanosphere‐to‐rod transition with the extension of the poly(4‐vinylpyridine) block during the dispersion reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This study demonstrates that tuning the solvent character may be a promising method to tune the morphology of block copolymer nanoobjects under dispersion RAFT polymerization condition.
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Dislocation behavior in seed‐cast grown Si ingots based on crystallographic orientation
Authors: Jiptner Karolin , Miyamura Yoshiji , Harada Hirofumi , Gao Bing , Kakimoto Koichi , Sekiguchi Takashi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study concentrates on dislocation behavior during Si growth by the seed‐cast method in different crystallographic orientations. Two methods were combined: (1) Si crystal growth in different seed orientations and (2) float zone Si‐annealing experiment to obtain the purely thermal stress‐induced dislocation density. The main focus is on the difference between the (111) and the (100) growth directions. It is found that peripheral areas are dominated by thermal stress‐induced dislocation densities. Central ingot areas are dominated by other dislocation sources. By comparing the (100) and the (111) orientations, it was found that a difference in dislocation motion exists. This difference is caused by a different activation of slip systems, causing long slip lines in the (111) orientation. It is shown that numerical simulation has problems describing this long‐range dislocation slip. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration
Authors: Jia Nan , Mayer Kyle J. 
Published: November 2015

Research summary: We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China.Managerial summary: This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.