bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated model for power generation from biomass gasification: A market readiness analysis for northwestern Ontario
Authors: Shahi Chander , Upadhyay Thakur Prasad , Pulkki Reino , Leitch Mathew 
Published: February 2014

Biomass gasification, utilized for various energy uses including power generation, provides an attractive option of energysecurity for remote rural communities and simultaneously helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, widerapplication of biomass gasification technology is limited due to a number of technical and economic challenges. Althougha few studies have developed process-based models for reducing the costs of biomass supply chains through efficient logisticsoperations, there is a dearth of integrated modeling to capture the behaviour of the entire production system. In thispaper an integrated non-linear dynamic mixed-integer programming model, using optimization and simulation techniques,is developed for biomass gasification power plants using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) computersoftware. The major variables considered in the model are harvesting and processing costs, logistic costs for biomass feedstockdelivery and storage, capital costs of power plant, operation and maintenance costs including labour, insurance andcapital financing, and other regulatory costs. The model provides different cost-benefit trajectories depending upon thescale of power generation from biomass gasification, thereby providing the prospective investors with information regardingmarket potential of the technology. The application of the model for setting up of a biomass gasification plant at a typicallocation in northwestern Ontario shows decreasing costs with increasing plant capacity up to 50 MW. The total costper MWh production ranged from CAD 47.65 for a 50-MW plant to CAD 79.55 for a 10M-W plant. Key words: bioenergy, biomass, market potential, modeling, systems analysis
Héraclite dans la Philosophie de la nature de Hegel
Authors: Cantin-Brault Antoine 
Published: February 2014

Il est bien connu que Hegel a fait d’Héraclite un jalon nécessaire de sa Logique. Mais Héraclite est plus qu’un penseur du devenir, de la contradiction et de l’infini logique, il est aussi le penseur du temps, du feu, de l’âme et de la vie. En ce sens, il est donc un penseur spéculatif de la nature et, plus précisément encore, Hegel aperçoit en lui les grands moments de sa Philosophie de la nature. Bien qu’abstraite, cette présentation que fait Héraclite de la nature permet surtout de bien comprendre à quel point celle-ci est négativité, contradiction et éternel retour du même, articulation de la nature que Hegel fera sienne à travers ce qu’il appelle la « mauvaise infinité ». Cette influence héraclitéenne sur Hegel permet peut-être de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur la distance qui sépare Hegel de Schelling dans leur saisie respective de la nature. Héraclite fut donc d’une profondeur sans pareille pour Hegel en tant que véritable « germe » philosophique, il l’entraîne dans la négativité qui seule permet la vérité, mais sous des rapports différents, selon qu’il s’agit de la Logique ou de la nature.
Automatic detection of the optimal ejecting direction based on a discrete Gauss map
Authors: Inui Masatomo , Kamei Hidekazu , Umezu Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose a system for assisting mold designers of plastic parts. With a CAD model of a part, the system automatically determines the optimal ejecting direction of the part with minimum undercuts. Since plastic parts are generally very thin, many rib features are placed on the inner side of the part to give sufficient structural strength. Our system extracts the rib features from the CAD model of the part, and determines the possible ejecting directions based on the geometric properties of the features. The system then selects the optimal direction with minimum undercuts. Possible ejecting directions are represented as discrete points on a Gauss map. Our new point distribution method for the Gauss map is based on the concept of the architectural geodesic dome. A hierarchical structure is also introduced in the point distribution, with a higher level “rough” Gauss map with rather sparse point distribution and another lower level “fine” Gauss map with much denser point distribution. A system is implemented and computational experiments are performed. Our system requires less than 10 seconds to determine the optimal ejecting direction of a CAD model with more than 1 million polygons.
Food Allergies Are Rarely a Concern When Considering Vaccines for Adolescents
Authors: Buyantseva Larisa V. , Horwitz Alexandra 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Routine immunization provides protection from numerous infectious diseases and substantially reduces morbidity mortality from these diseases. In the United States, vaccination programs focused on infants and children have successfully decreased the incidence of many childhood vaccine-preventable diseases. However, vaccination coverage among adolescents has remained stagnant. Contributing to this lack of coverage is that patients with food allergies might be advised unnecessarily to avoid certain vaccinations, thus potentially causing adverse personal and community health. Studies have shown that food allergies are rarely contraindications to vaccine administration. Most adolescents who avoid vaccination because of food allergy concerns are actually able to receive their appropriate vaccinations. However, there are situations when evaluation by an allergist is recommended. In the present article, the authors provide guidance for physicians when administering vaccines to patients with food allergies to prevent adverse events and improve disease protection.
Copper‐Catalyzed Selective Semihydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes with Hypophosphorous Acid
Authors: Cao Huanyang , Chen Tieqiao , Zhou Yongbo , Han Daoqing , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Han Li‐Biao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed selective semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes using hypophosphorous acid as hydrogen donor took place efficiently to afford the corresponding alkenes in high yields. A broad range of substituted terminal aromatic and aliphatic alkenes, including terminal dienes and enynes bearing internal triple bonds, can be efficiently synthesized by this reaction.magnified image
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal [4+2] Tandem Cyclization of Activated Dienes with Isatylidenemalononitriles: Enantioselective Synthesis of Multistereogenic Spirocyclic Oxindoles
Authors: Hu Fang‐Le , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe first highly enantioselective formal [4+2] tandem cyclizations between isatylidenemalononitriles and activated dienes catalyzed by bifunctional chiral phosphine catalysts have been developed, yielding multistereogenic spirocyclic oxindoles in high yields and excellent optical purity. This reaction is accomplished via a tandem Rauhut–Currier/Michael/Rauhut–Currier reaction sequence.magnified image
Nonlinear Consensus Algorithms with Uncertain Couplings
Authors: Proskurnikov Anton V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDistributed algorithms for synchronization and consensus in multi‐agent networks are considered. The agents are assumed to be linear of arbitrary order, the interaction topology may switch, and the couplings are uncertain, assumed only to satisfy certain quadratic constraints. Using the Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov lemma and absolute stability theory techniques, consensus criteria for the networks of this type are obtained. These criteria extend a number of known results for agents with special dynamics and are close in spirit to the celebrated circle criterion for the stability of Lurie systems.
Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Azanucleoside Derivatives
Authors: Hernández Dácil , Boto Alicia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe azanucleosides are nucleoside analogues where the furanose ring is replaced by a nitrogen‐containing ring or chain. Many azanucleosides are potent antiviral, anticancer and antimicrobial agents, or serve as valuable components of oligonucleotides with improved stability, binding or hybridization properties. Therefore, the development of new analogues is a very active area in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. Their synthesis and their interesting biological properties are discussed in this microreview.
K2S2O8‐Mediated Aerobic Oxysulfonylation of Olefins into β‐Keto Sulfones in Aqueous Media
Authors: Chawla Ruchi , Singh Atul K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstractβ‐Keto sulfones were obtained in good to excellent yields (73–94 %) directly from unactivated olefins by employing inexpensive sodium arenesulfinate salts as sulfonylating agents and K2S2O8 as a radical initiator in open flasks and aqueous media at room temperature under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The reported oxidative sulfonylation protocol is highly practical and environmentally benign, as self‐manifested by the extremely mild reaction conditions.
Sentinel node biopsy for early‐stage oral cavity cancer: the VU University Medical Center experience
Authors: Den Toom Inne J. , Heuveling Derrek A. , Flach Géke B. , van Weert Stijn , Karagozoglu K. Hakki , van Schie Annelies , Bloemena Elisabeth , Leemans C. René , de Bree Remco 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundSentinel node biopsy (SNB) in head and neck cancer is recently introduced as the staging technique of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We report the results of SNB in patients diagnosed with a T1–T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma and clinically negative (N0) neck in a single center.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 90 previously untreated patients who underwent SNB between 2007 and 2012 was performed. The SNB procedure consisted of preoperatively performed lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative detection using blue dye, and gamma probe guidance and histopathologic examination including step‐serial sectioning (SSS) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A positive SNB was followed by neck dissection, whereas regular follow‐up with ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done in case of a negative SNB.ResultsThe lymphoscintigraphic identification rate was 98% (88 of 90 patients) and the surgical detection rate was 99% (87 of 88 patients). The upstaging rate was 30%. Sensitivity of SNB was 93% and the negative predictive value was 97%. The median follow‐up was 18 months (range, 2–62 months). Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) for SNB negative were 100% and 84% and for SNB positive patients 73% and 88%, respectively.ConclusionSNB is a reliable diagnostic staging technique for the clinically negative neck in patients with early‐stage (T1–T2, cN0) oral squamous cell carcinoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2014 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 573–578, 2015
A Kinetic Investigation of the Initialization of Catalyzed Chain Growth of Styrene: The Reaction of Cp*2ZrCl2 with Dibenzylmagnesium
Authors: Primpke Sebastian , Deinert Adrian , Ehlers Florian , Vana Philipp 
Published: February 2014

The system Cp*2ZrCl2 and dibenzyl magnesium in toluene, which is a model system for initialization in the catalyzed chain growth (CCG) of styrene using a bifunctional organometallic chain transfer agent, is studied via time‐resolved NMR spectroscopy. Based on these data, a mechanism of initialization is proposed. The experimental concentration profiles of the individual species can successfully be modeled to the proposed kinetic scheme. Refined kinetic coefficients of high significance can be obtained by applying analytical methods using pseudo‐first‐order rate approximations. It is found that the adduct of the Zr catalyst and the Mg compound only slowly transforms via a ligand exchange reaction, yielding the alkylated Zr species. The temperature dependence of these reactions indicates a high reaction barrier of this type of rearrangement, which constitutes the core reaction of CCG in terms of molecular‐weight control.
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Nitrone‐Mediated Radical Coupling of Polymers Derived from Reverse Iodine‐Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Ranieri Kayte , Vandenbergh Joke , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja 
Published: February 2014

The current study describes the synthesis of iodine‐end‐capped polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) precursors using reverse iodine‐transfer polymerization, which, in a second step, are used in nitrone‐mediated radical coupling (NMRC) reactions. Initially, the reverse iodine polymerization of both monomers is studied and optimized in order to obtain iodine‐end‐capped materials with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities. Subsequently, NMRC of both PS and PMMA precursors is carried out in the presence of CuCl as a halide‐exchange agent. Coupling efficiencies of xc = 0.754 for PS‐I and 0.84 for PMMA‐I are observed; however, the addition of 10 equivalents of styrene is required to promote the coupling in the case of methacrylate. The presence of the desired alkoxyamine functionality in mid‐chain position of the products is evidenced via quenching experiments.
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Safety as Experienced by Patients Themselves: A Finnish Survey of the Most Recent Period of Care
Authors: Sahlström Merja , Partanen Pirjo , Turunen Hannele 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe examined patients' experiences of patient safety and participation in promoting safe care during their most recent care period. A survey of patients (N = 175) revealed that treatment, medication, and device safety were mostly experienced as very good or excellent, but responses varied by age and experience. Patients ages 66–75 were most critical of treatment and medication safety. Device safety was rated the worst aspect of safety. Twenty percent of respondents had experienced errors at some time during their care. Patients who had experienced errors and those who were treated at inpatient wards versus a day surgery unit were most critical towards patient participation. Open and transparent error management involving patients is needed to promote treatment, medication, and especially device safety. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial testing (stage 1) of the investigational mTOR kinase inhibitor MLN0128 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Kang Min H. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Maris John M. , Gorlick Richard , Kolb E. Anders , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Lyalin Dmitry , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMLN0128 is an investigational small molecule ATP‐competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine kinase mTOR. MLN0128 was tested against the in vitro panel at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 1 μM and against the PPTP in vivo panels at a dose of 1 mg/kg administered orally daily × 28. In vitro the median relative IC50 concentration was 19 nM. In vivo MLN0128 induced significant differences in EFS in 24/31 (77%) solid tumor models, but 0/7 ALL xenografts. The modest activity observed for MLN0128 against the PPTP preclinical models is similar to that previously reported for another TOR kinase inhibitor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1486–1489. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of tidal breathing measurement of floright compared to an ultrasonic flowmeter in infants
Authors: Petrus Nicole C.M. , Thamrin Cindy , Fuchs Oliver , Frey Urs 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIntroductionMonitoring breathing pattern is especially relevant in infants with lung disease. Recently, a vest‐based inductive plethysmograph system (FloRight®) has been developed for tidal breathing measurement in infants. We investigated the accuracy of tidal breathing flow volume loop (TBFVL) measurements in healthy term‐born infants and infants with lung disease by the vest‐based system in comparison to an ultrasonic flowmeter (USFM) with a face mask. We also investigated whether the system discriminates between healthy infants and those with lung disease.MethodsFloright® measures changes in thoracoabdominal volume during tidal breathing through magnetic field changes generated by current‐carrying conductor coils in an elastic vest. Simultaneous TBFVL measurements by the vest‐based system and the USFM were performed at 44 weeks corrected postmenstrual age during quiet unsedated sleep. TBFVL parameters derived by both techniques and within both groups were compared.ResultsWe included 19 healthy infants and 18 infants with lung disease. Tidal volume per body weight derived by the vest‐based system was significantly lower with a mean difference (95% CI) of −1.33 ml/kg (−1.73; −0.92), P < 0.001. Respiratory rate and ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow over total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) did not differ between the two techniques. Both systems were able to discriminate between healthy infants and those with lung disease using tPTEF/tE.ConclusionFloRight® accurately measures time indices and may discriminate between healthy infants and those with lung disease, but demonstrates differences in tidal volume measurements. It may be better suited to monitor breathing pattern than for TBFVL measurements. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:380–388. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is the Fermi‐level pinned on InN grown surfaces?
Authors: Zhao Songrui , Mi Zetian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the Fermi‐level pinning issue on InN grown surfaces, in particular the nonpolar m ‐planes. Detailed angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that for intrinsic InN nanowires the Fermi‐level on the nonpolar grown surfaces is located 0.1 to 0.2 eV below the conduction band edge, i.e., not pinned in the conduction band. This indicates that the commonly measured Fermi‐level pinning in the conduction band on nonpolar grown surfaces is not an intrinsic property of InN. Furthermore, our studies also suggest that surface states are positioned near the band edge and therefore do not contribute to the Fermi‐level pinning. This is consistent with recent theoretical and experimental studies. In the end, with the absence of the Fermi‐level pinning in the conduction band and surface electron accumulation, the unique electrical and optical properties of intrinsic InN nanowires are discussed, and compared with previously reported InN epilayers and n ‐type InN nanowires. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
True‐blue laser diodes grown by plasma‐assisted MBE on bulk GaN substrates
Authors: Muziol G. , Turski H. , Siekacz M. , Wolny P. , Sawicka M. , Grzanka S. , Perlin P. , Suski T. , Wasilewski Z. R. , Grzegory I. , Porowski S. , Skierbiszewski C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present nitride based laser diodes (LDs) grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. In this work we investigate influence of epitaxial structure on LDs pa‐rameters. In particular we compare LDs with and without AlGaN cladding layers operating at 430 to 460 nm. We show results of waveguide simulations which explain the increasing threshold current density of longer wavelength LDs. The PAMBE LD with InGaN waveguides and AlGaN bottom cladding has threshold current density of 4.3 kA/cm2 and slope efficiency of 0.56 W/A. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concrete integral abutment bridges with reinforced concrete piles
Authors: Gama David , Almeida João F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe use of reinforced concrete (RC) piles in integral abutment bridges (IABs) has not been widespread due to concerns over pile flexibility and the potential for concrete cracking. This is the reason why the use of steel piles is the preferred solution in the United States. However, in various countries where IABs are still seldom used, RC piles are more readily available and economical. Hence, an understanding of the behaviour of IABs with RC piles can lead to a wider implementation of integral solutions. This paper presents the results of a parametric study conducted to evaluate how both the design variables and the accuracy of the modelling approach influence the potential use of integral solutions with RC piles in prestressed concrete bridges up to 200 m long. Finite element modelling was used and four levels of approximation (LoA) were established for the analyses, ranging from simple linear‐elastic to more complex non‐linear models. The results show that existing concerns over concrete cracking control can be overcome if adequate options in design are used together with the adequate LoAs in structural analysis. Integral solutions with RC piles for bridges up to 200 m long can generally be adopted, although in comparisons with non‐integral designs a significant additional amount of prestressing steel is to be expected. The results also include a set of charts with practical estimates to help designers in their first approach to the preliminary design of an IAB.
Endeavors to Access Molecular Complexity: Strategic Use of Free Radicals in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Yoshimitsu Takehiko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFree radicals, which in the past were considered unruly chemical species, have become manageable and indispensable for synthetic organic chemistry. The unique nature of free radicals has allowed practitioners in organic synthesis to design flexible approaches to produce various materials ranging from small molecules to polymers. The present Personal Account describes the author's endeavors to create molecular complexity by the strategic use of free radicals, with an emphasis on the synthesis of bioactive natural products.
GENDER SATURATION IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS: FAMILY COMPOSITION AND SEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION
Authors: GARENNE MICHEL , HOHMANN SOPHIE 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe study investigates the complex relationships between sex-selective abortion and family composition in two countries of the Southern Caucasus: Armenia and Azerbaijan. Data were drawn from maternity histories recorded in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs). In both countries, the relationship between the sex ratio of the next birth and the number of girls already born changed from negative to positive after 1992, when sex-selective abortion became prevalent. In Azerbaijan, but not in Armenia, a similar change was noticed for the relationship between the sex ratio of the next birth and the number of boys already born, this time from positive to negative. All changes in slopes were highly statistically significant. These findings indicate that sex-selective abortion was prevalent in both countries, and could work both ways in Azerbaijan. The results are interpreted in terms of ‘gender saturation’, that is a desire of families to better balance the composition of the family when too many children of the same sex are already born, which is consistent with opinion surveys indicating a preference for balanced families.
Volume and Volatility in a Common-Factor Mixture of Distributions Model
Authors: He Xiaojun , Velu Raja 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper develops a multi-asset mixture distribution hypothesis model to investigate commonality in stock returns and trading volume. The model makes two main predictions: First, the factor structures of returns and trading volume are independent although they stem from the same valuation fundamentals and jointly depend on a latent information flow; second, cross-sectional positive volatility-volume relations arise solely from the dynamic features of the information flow. Empirical analyses at the market level support these predictions. Furthermore, the results indicate that removing the information flow significantly reduces the return volatility persistence and the extent of the reduction exhibits a size pattern.