bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Addition of Chemotherapy to Radiotherapy on Cognitive Function in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma: Secondary Analysis of RTOG 98-02
Authors: Prabhu Roshan S. , Won Minhee , Shaw Edward G. , Hu Chen , Brachman David G. , Buckner Jan C. , Stelzer Keith J. , Barger Geoffrey R. , Brown Paul D. , Gilbert Mark R. , Mehta Minesh P. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose The addition of PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT) for patients with WHO grade 2 glioma improves progression-free survival (PFS). The effect of therapy intensification on cognitive function (CF) remains a concern in this population with substantial long-term survival. Patients and Methods A total of 251 patients with WHO grade 2 glioma age ≥ 40 years with any extent of resection or age < 40 years with subtotal resection/biopsy were randomly assigned to RT (54 Gy) or RT plus PCV. We observed 111 patients age < 40 years with gross total resection. CF was assessed by Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and years 1, 2, 3, and 5. Results Overall, few patients experienced significant decline in MMSE score. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing MMSE score decline between the randomized study arms at any time point. Both study arms experienced a significant gain in average MMSE score longitudinally over time, with no difference between arms. Conclusion The MMSE is a relatively insensitive tool, and subtle changes in CF may have been missed. However, the addition of PCV to RT did not result in significantly higher rates of MMSE score decline than RT alone through 5 years of follow-up. Patients in both randomly assigned arms experienced a statistically significant average MMSE score increase over time, with no difference between arms. The addition of PCV chemotherapy to RT improves PFS without excessive CF detriment over RT alone for patients with low-grade glioma.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Else Tobias , Kim Alex C. , Sabolch Aaron , Raymond Victoria M. , Kandathil Asha , Caoili Elaine M. , Jolly Shruti , Miller Barbra S. , Giordano Thomas J. , Hammer Gary D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, often with an unfavorable prognosis. Here we summarize the knowledge about diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of ACC. Over recent years, multidisciplinary clinics have formed and the first international treatment trials have been conducted. This review focuses on evidence gained from recent basic science and clinical research and provides perspectives from the experience of a large multidisciplinary clinic dedicated to the care of patients with ACC.
Soluble CD163 Is Associated With CD163 mRNA Expression in Adipose Tissue and With Insulin Sensitivity in Steady-State Condition but Not in Response to Calorie Restriction
Authors: Kračmerová Jana , Rossmeislová Lenka , Kováčová Zuzana , Klimčáková Eva , Polák Jan , Tencerová Michaela , Mališová Lucia , Štich Vladimír , Langin Dominique , Šiklová Michaela 
Published: January 2014

Context:
Soluble CD163 (sCD163) was suggested as a biomarker of insulin sensitivity and CD163 mRNA expression representing macrophage content in adipose tissue (AT).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate, in cross-sectional and prospective design, the relationship between sCD163 circulating levels and CD163 mRNA expression in adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions:
Two cohorts of subjects were examined in the study. Cohort 1 included 42 women with a wide range of body mass index (17–48 kg/m2); cohort 2 included 27 obese women who followed a dietary intervention consisting of 1 month of a very low-calorie diet and 5 months of a weight-stabilization period.

Main Outcome Measures:
Serum levels of CD163 and mRNA expression of CD163 and CD68 in sc and visceral (visc) AT were determined, and insulin sensitivity [expressed as glucose disposal rate (GDR)] was measured in cohort 1. In cohort 2, serum levels of CD163, mRNA expressions of CD163, CD68, and CD163-shedding factors [TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP3)] in sc AT were examined and GDR was measured before and during dietary intervention.

Results:
In cohort 1, circulating sCD163 correlated with CD163 mRNA levels in both sc and visc AT. sCD163 and CD163 mRNA expression in both fat depots correlated with GDR. In cohort 2, the diet-induced changes of sCD163 levels did not correlate with those of CD163, CD68, TACE, and TIMP3 mRNA levels. Although the pattern of the diet-induced change of sCD163 paralleled that of GDR, there was no correlation between the changes of these two variables.

Conclusion:
sCD163 correlates with CD163 mRNA expression in sc and visc AT and with whole-body insulin sensitivity in the steady-state condition. These associations are not observed with respect to the diet-induced changes during a weight-reducing hypocaloric diet.
Quality Parameters of Bulgarian Kinds of Bee Honey
Authors: Dinkov Dinko Hristov 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
More than 3600 varieties of higher plants are found in Bulgaria, which is a good predisposition for the production of different types of bee honey. In the country 11 natural and 3 national parks were registered, where many different kinds of plants can be found, some of them unique in the world. Up till now, more than 11 types of bee honey have been harvested and investigated. The aim of this work was, based on the data from available literature to provide a summary of the scientific information related to the main types of bee honey in Bulgaria from 2000 to the present. In the study, we present quality parameters from organically produced and commercially processed bee honeys: pollen analysis, proline content, invertase activity, specific optical rotation, electrical conductivity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
LabView software-based building supervising and events monitor system for net zero-energy strategies implementation
Authors: Szász Cs. , Husi G. , Szemes P. T. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
As it is well known that due to the continuously decreasing trend of the alternative energy technologies and the increase in the costs of the traditional fossil fuels, the development of resident or commercial buildings with greatly reduced energy needs becomes a high ranked and more pressing scientific challenge. In topic with this technological and scientific provocation, the paper presents a LabView software-based building supervising and events monitor system designed and developed with the basic purpose to serve as support for net zero-energy control strategies implementation in intelligent buildings. Afterwards a brief presentation of the adopted intelligent building development strategy and the net zero-energy concept are presented and discussed. Once these theoretical aspects have been expressed and clarified, a multi-layer type implementation is unfolded, where the background layer is a building supervising and events monitor system. The main software development steps of this system are presented in details to prove the feasibility and reliability of the adopted implementation strategy.
The European Union regulation concerning the energy consumption of buildings — an ecological point of view
Authors: Bányai O. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Taking into consideration that more than 40% of the final energy consumption of the EU stems from the residential and commercial building sector, it is not surprising that the community-level regulation strongly focuses on these sectors (Eurostat, 2011). In respect to buildings’ energy performance, the European Parliament and the Council Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings requires from Member States (hereinafter: MS) to ensure that, by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are to be nearly ‘zero-energy’ buildings. Furthermore, MSs shall ensure that energy performance certificates are to be issued for buildings constructed, sold or rented out to a new tenant. Although the concerning regulation is being developed in the right way, several corrections are still required from an ecological point of view.
Potential use and distribution of biogas by existing natural gas networks in Latvia
Authors: Zemitis J. , Borodinecs A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
With the need to increase the use of renewable resources to reduce environmental impacts caused by greenhouse gases, there will be a global necessity for more intense use of renewable energy. In addition, given that a large part of energy in Latvia is imported, it is necessary to develop domestic energy supplies, thus ensuring self-sufficiency and to reduce the dependence on external factors. One of the potential sources of renewable energy that could be used increasingly is biogas. Biogas production through anaerobic digestion is considered to be an optimal solution of different types of organic waste, converting these waste materials into renewable energy and organic fertilizer. However, the lack of existing effective biogas transmission and distribution network lead to the tendency to utilize the energy near the plant site often has low efficiency, therefore cannot serve as a viable long-term source of energy.
In areas where large biogas plants are present and they account for a significant share of primary energy also where natural gas transmission networks are nearby, a possible solution would be upgrading biogas to the required level, and then using it in mix with the natural gas. Before this process is carried out, the assessment of possible economic benefits must be done, as biogas plants are mostly decentralized with relatively low energy capacity. In this paper biogas and natural gas chemical differences are analyzed. Furthermore, the possibility of biogas usage combined with natural gas and the economic benefits of such a process in case of Latvia is discussed.
Investigation of risk factors associated with infections caused by small ruminant lentiviruses
Authors: Barquero Nuria , Gomez-Lucia Esperanza , Arjona Alvaro , Toural Cristina , Las Heras Alfonso , Fernández-Garayzábal José F. , Ruiz-Santa Quiteria José Antonio , Doménech Ana 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
An epidemiological study was conducted to identify risk factors related to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in the central region of Spain. Between October 1998 and October 2000, a total of 194 sheep from 10 flocks and 163 goats from three flocks were tested for SRLV antibodies, resulting in 65.5% and 8.0% of seroprevalence, respectively. The relationship between differences in prevalence of SRLV, geographical location of the flock, and possible factors related to the flock that could enhance transmission were studied. Results of multivariable analysis showed an association between SRLV infection and geographical location of the flock and the rearing system. In addition, the differences in the productivity between infected and non-infected animals were explored. The productivity parameters were measured in 62 sheep and 28 goats. All productivity parameters studied (milk production, number of milking days, and lambing rate) appeared to be reduced in the SRLV-seropositive group in both goats and sheep. Even though, these differences were not statistically significant, it seems that animals infected are less productive than these non-infected. Statistical analyses comparing infected and non-infected sheep showed no statistical relationship between SRLV infection and milk quality.
Determination of five sulfonamides in medicated feedingstuffs by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
Authors: Pietroń Wojciech Jerzy , Cybulski Wojciech , Krasucka Dorota , Mitura Agata , Kos Katarzyna , Antczak Maja 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A fast and reliable method of liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection of sulfaguanidine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, and sulfamethoxazole in feedingstuffs was described. The method involves THE procedure of preparation of spiked samples, and extraction of sulphonamides from the matrix using a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile, followed by drying the extract and dissolving it in a phosphate buffer. The analysis uses octadecyl (C18) analytical column with UV detection at λ = 260 nm and a gradient programme of mobile phase composition. The analytical procedure has been successfully adopted and validated for quantitative determination of the sulfonamides in feedingstuff samples. Validation included sensitivity, specificity, linearity, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility. The mean recovery of sulfonamides was 84%, within the working range of 200-2000 mg/kg. Direct, simple sample preparation and HPLC-UV analysis allow the method to be successfully included in the scope of routine analyses. The presented results could be an answer to a need of simple and easy method for sulfonamide determination applicable in medicated feedingstuffs analysis.
Screening and confirmatory GC-MS methods for the detection of trenbolone in bovine urine
Authors: Woźniak Barbara , Matraszek-Żuchowska Iwona , Semeniuk Stanisław , Kłopot Alicja , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sensitive and selective methods for the screening (GC-MS) and confirmatory analysis (GC-MS/MS) of 17α- and 17β- trenbolone in bovine urine were developed. In the first stage of the analysis, the enzymatic hydrolysis of trenbolone metabolites with glucuronidase AS-HP in acetate buffer (pH 5.2) solution was carried out. Free compounds were extracted from urine with diethyl ether. For the purification of the extract solid phase, extraction with C18 and NH2 columns was applied. The evaporated extract was subjected to two derivatisation steps; the first with MSTFA/I2 solution and second with MSTFA. The separation of the analytes on HP-5 ms capillary column was conducted. The methods were validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. For GC-MS method, CCα and CCβ were 0.21-0.36 μg L−1 for 17α- trenbolone and 0.20-0.34 μg L−1 for 17β- trenbolone, while for GC-MS/MS method the values were lower and amounted to 0.15-0.25 μg L−1 for 17α- trenbolone and 0.20-0.34 μg L−1 for 17β-trenbolone. Method recoveries in spiked samples ranged from 86%-111% with standard deviation lower than 25% for both detection techniques.
Urokinase plasminogen activator expression in canine malignant mammary tumours by immunohistochemical study
Authors: Golshahi Hannaneh , Tavasoly Abbas , Rezaie Annahita , Farhadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Immunohistochemical expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was studied in 37 canine malignant mammary tumours to define the relationship between their histopathological type and grade. In 29 (78.4%) cases, expression of uPA by neoplastic cells was more than 10% and in 34 samples (91.9%) uPA expression by stromal cells (fibroblasts) was more than 10%. The uPA was expressed in epithelial and myoepithelial cells of carcinomas and carcinosarcomas and mesenchymal population of carcinosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and carcinomas arising in benign tumours. The intensity and percentage of expression of uPA by stromal cells was associated with their histological grade (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was detected between uPA expression by neoplastic cells (epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal cell) and histological grade. Increased expression of uPA by tumour stroma was associated with poor prognostic factors. Stromal expression of uPA could be a prognostic indicator for canine mammary tumours.
Sliding Mode Control for Stabilizing of Boost Converter in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Jiao Junsheng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The output voltage of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is usually changed with the temperature and hydrogen flow rate. Since the fuel cell can generate a wide range of voltages and currents at the terminals, as a consequence, a constant DC voltage and function cannot be maintained by itself as a DC voltage power supply source. To solve this problem, a simple SOFC electrochemical model is introduced to control the output voltage. The Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is used to control the output voltage of the DC-DC converter for maintaining the constant DC voltage when the temperature and hydrogen flow rate are changed. By the simulation results it can be seen that the SMC technique has improved the transient response and reduced the steady state error of DC voltage.
Spatial distribution of sediments in Suchedniów reservoir / Rozkład osadów w zbiorniku Suchedniów
Authors: Bąk Łukasz , Dąbkowski Szczepan Ludwik 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents measurements of the amount, spatial distribution, grain size structure, density and the content of organic matter in sediments of Suchedniów reservoir. After 33 years of exploitation, the primary volume of the reservoir decreased by 78 thousand m3. Catchment area covered in 45% by forests is 83 km2. Mean annual water flow is estimated at 0.63 m3·s-1. Primary volume of the reservoir was 303 thousand m3 and its surface area - 21.4 ha. The greatest width of the reservoir is 490 m, distance from the river inlet to the dam is 655 m and the length along assumed water course is 740 m. Mean and maximum depths are 1.42 and 4 m, respectively.
The analyses of vertical and horizontal distribution of sediments revealed that in the deepest parts of the water body, where depth exceed 2.6 m, only 16% of sediment volume were deposited. In the inlet part of a relative volume of 0.2, 32% of sediment volume were deposited and in the outlet part - 16%. The reservoir accumulates material of a grain size <1.0 mm whose density varies between 2586 and 2758 kg·m-3. Percent of organic parts in sediments ranged from 0.24 to 18.97%.
The existing methods of description of sediment distribution in retention reservoirs do not allow for accurate predicting of this distribution. They do not account for many factors affecting the distribution of sediments in reservoirs and for the time of exploitation. None of the dimensionless curves of the Annandale’s nomograph [ANNANDALE 1984] describes the distribution of sediments in Suchedniów Reservoir. The curve closest to the actual distribution curve corresponds to the value dP/dx = 1.2 while for Suchedniów Reservoir dP/dx is 0.0014 (P - wetted perimeter of the reservoir’s cross section, x - distance from the dam). Sediments in vertical profiles have laminar structure and bottom material in layers largely differs in grain size and colour which is an evidence of different conditions of sedimentation in different hydrological periods and exploita
STRUCTURAL ANALISYS OF CONCRETE PRE-STRESSED RESERVOIRS FOR SLUDGE FERMENTATION – WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT BUCHAREST – GLINA.
Authors: Bugnariu Tudor 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper refers to a structural finite element analysis on the reservoirs for sludge fermentation at Glina Waste Water Treatment Plant. The purpose was to assess the dynamic response of the structure, the stress and deformation states due to the design earthquake. A linearelastic analysis was performed, according to the Romanian actual codes, in order to verify the design provisions and to emphasize the sensitivities, for a structure which was designed by analytical procedures. The results obtained on the numerical models highlight the importance of the soil-structure interaction, in peculiar the one influenced by the soil mass deformability, on the overall structural response. Based on the results of the analysis, an in-situ measurement campaign for structural dynamic characteristics was initiated, taking advantage of the ongoing repair works with subsequent exhaustion and re-filling of reservoir No. 4.
NUMERICAL RESULTS FOR LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL USING APPROXIMATE INERTIAL MANIFOLDS
Authors: Nartea Simona Cristina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A numerical study on the classical Lotka-Volterra model is performed, using approximate inertial manifolds. An analytical study consisting in the inertial form of the system is made. The construction of the approximate inertial manifolds is based on the identification of the absorbing domains using the graphical representations of the phase portraits. The hypotheses of the Jolly-Rosa-Temam algorithm are verified for certain values of parameters and the approximate inertial manifolds are constructed. Errors of approximation are computed.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TEMPERING PERIOD AND VACUUM CONDITIONS ON THE RICE GRAIN BREAKAGE IN A THIN LAYER DRYER
Authors: Kalantari D. , Eshtavad R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Drying and milling of the paddy are known as the most important process influencing the rice grain breakage. Therefore in this study, influence of tempering period and the reduced atmospheric pressure (vacuum) on the crack formation of two rice varieties (Nemat and Pajouhesh) during the tempering stage is presented. Four different level of drying temperature (40, 50, 60 and 70°C) were used in this study. After drying, paddies have been transferred to a vacuum chamber ranging from 0.4 at to 1 atm (ambient pressure). Based on the results obtained in this study, crack formation in rice grains increases with increasing drying time and drying temperature. In contrast, a reduced pressure during the relaxation stage significantly reduced the rice grain breakage. During the relaxation period in the vacuum chamber, heat transfer within the rice grain occurs slowly, yields minimizing the thermal and moisture stresses. The optimized combination of temperature, time, and pressure for the Nemat and Pajouhesh rice varieties obtained 60°C, 5 hr, and 0.8 atm, respectively.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALT TOLERANCE RELATED PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS AND PROTEIN MARKERS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVARS (GLYCINE MAX L.)
Authors: Sofalian O. , Miandoab P.B. , Asghari A. , Sedghi M. , Eshghi A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the salinity tolerance in seedling stage of soybean (Glycine max L.). Factorial experiment was done based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. 17 soybean genotypes were used in three salinity stress levels (consisting of control, 75 mM and 150 mM NaCl stress). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse condition and proline, sodium, potassium, and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b and total chlorophyll content were examined. To create salinity stress, NaCl was used in the experiment. The results revealed that different salinity stress had significant effects on all traits except for chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b. The cluster analysis in the control and at 75 and 150 mM salinity levels classified genotypes into two, two and three groups respectively. In each condition, the dpx and clean genotypes were placed in a group which the average traits were higher than the other genotypes. This can be generalized to the conditions of control as well as 75 and 150 mM salinity stress. Regression analysis showed possible informative loci encoding protein markers that was probable potential for selection strategies for salt weather proved by complementary tests.