bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Amount of Weight Gain During Pregnancy Modify the Association Between Obesity and Cesarean Section Delivery?
Authors: Graham Lauren E. , Brunner Huber Larissa R. , Thompson Michael E. , Ersek Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐thirds of reproductive‐aged women in the United States are overweight or obese and at risk for numerous associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined whether the amount of weight gained during pregnancy modifies the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI)–cesarean delivery association.MethodsA total of 2,157 women aged 18–45 who participated in the 2008–2009 North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System had complete information on prepregnancy BMI, maternal weight gain, and mode of delivery on infant birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) to model the association between prepregnancy BMI and cesarean delivery, and a stratified analysis was conducted to determine whether maternal weight gain was an effect modifier of the prepregnancy BMI–cesarean delivery association.ResultsObese women had 1.78 times the odds of cesarean delivery as compared with women with a normal BMI (95% CI: 1.44–2.16). When adjusted for race/ethnicity, live birth order, household income, and education, the association increased in magnitude and remained statistically significant (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.63–2.43). In stratified analyses, the obesity–cesarean delivery association persisted and remained statistically significant among all maternal weight gain categories.ConclusionsHealth care practitioners should stress the importance of achieving a healthy prepregnancy weight and gaining an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy to reduce the risk of cesarean delivery and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Predictors of preoperative delays before radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in Quebec, Canada: a population‐based study
Authors: Santos Fabiano , Dragomir Alice , Kassouf Wassim , Franco Eduardo L. , Aprikian Armen 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo characterise and measure different components of preoperative delays experienced by patients with bladder cancer before radical cystectomy (RC) in the province of Quebec, Canada and to identify the predictors of long waiting times.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the data of patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer between 2000 and 2009 in Quebec. The cohort was obtained with the linkage of two provincial health databases: the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec database (data on medical services dispensed to Quebec residents), and the Fichier des évenements démographiques de l’Institut de la statistique du Québec database (demographic data on births and deaths). For the entire cohort, we determined several components of delay from first medical visit related to bladder cancer symptoms until RC. Predictors of long delays were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsWe analysed a total of 2778 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The median urologist referral delay was 32 days. The median delays between first urologist visit and RC and between transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) to RC were 90 days and 46 days, respectively. The median overall delay was 116 days. All components of delay progressively increased from the decade of the 1990s to the decade of the 2000s. Male gender was a protective factor for several components of delay, which suggests that gender‐related variations may exist in the course of care for bladder cancer (odds ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.89 for overall delay). Patient age and gender were associated with delayed urologist referral, delayed time to TURBT, and long overall waiting time. Factors related to the health system were associated with long cystoscopy delays.ConclusionMedian preoperative delays among patients with bladder cancer have been increasing and remain unacceptably long. Patient's age, gender and type of hospital facility were associated with long waiting times.
Spontaneous antibodies against Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Annels N E , Simpson G R , Denyer M , McGrath S E , Falgari G , Killick E , Eeles R , Stebbing J , Pchejetski D , Cutress R , Murray N , Michael A , Pandha H 
Published: March 2014

Summary
We reported the expression of the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Engrailed-2 (EN2) in prostate cancer and showed that the presence of EN2 protein in the urine was highly predictive of prostate cancer. This study aimed to determine whether patients with prostate cancer have EN2 autoantibodies, what the prevalence of these antibodies is and whether they are associated with disease stage. The spontaneous immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune response against EN2 and for comparison the tumour antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in three different cohorts of prostate cancer patients as well as a group of men genetically predisposed to prostate cancer. Thirty-two of 353 (9·1%) of the SUN cohort representing all stages of prostate cancer demonstrated EN2 IgG responses, 12 of 107 patients (11·2%) in the advanced prostate cancer patients showed responses, while only four of 121 patients (3·3%) with castrate-resistant prostate cancer showed EN2 autoantibodies. No significant responses were found in the predisposed group. Anti-EN2 IgG responses were significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy control males and similarly prevalent to anti-NY-ESO-1 responses. While EN2 autoantibodies are not a useful diagnostic or monitoring tool, EN2 immunogenicity provides the rationale to pursue studies using EN2 as an immunotherapeutic target.
What social workers do in performing child protection work: evidence from research into face‐to‐face practice
Authors: Ferguson Harry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLittle research has been done into what social workers do in everyday child protection practice. This paper outlines the broad findings from an ethnographic study of face‐to‐face encounters between social workers, children and families, especially on home visits. The social work practice was found to be deeply investigative. Children's bedrooms were routinely inspected and were the most common place where they were seen alone. A high proportion of children were not seen on their own because they were too young and the majority of the time was spent working with parents and children together. Small amounts of time were spent with children on their own and some first encounters were so rushed that social workers did not even introduce themselves to the child. This arose from two key factors: firstly, organisational pressures from high workloads and the short timescales that social workers were expected to adhere to by managers and Government; secondly, practitioners had varying levels of communication skills, playfulness and comfort with getting close to children and skills at family work. Where these skills and relational capacities were present, social workers were found to have developed deep and meaningful relationships with some children and families, for whom it was apparent that therapeutic change had occurred.
Factors associated with increased caregivers' burden in several cognitive stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kamiya Masaki , Sakurai Takashi , Ogama Noriko , Maki Yohko , Toba Kenji 
Published: March 2014

AimTo investigate factors associated with caregiver burden (CB) in persons caring for older adults with various cognitive stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsParticipants were 1127 outpatients and their caregivers. Participants comprised 120 older adults with normal cognition (NC), 126 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 881 with AD. AD patients were subclassified into four groups by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score: AD29–24 (n = 117), AD23–18 (n = 423), AD17–12 (n = 254) and AD11–0 (n = 87). Participants and their caregivers underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment batteries including Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) Barthel Index, Lawton Index, Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD) to evaluate CB, Instrumental and Basic Activity of Daily Living (IADL/BADL), and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). The comorbidity of geriatric syndrome and the living situation of the patient/caregiver were also assessed.ResultsZBI score was higher in patients with lower MMSE score. Multivariate regression analysis identified that DBD was consistently associated with CB in all patients; symptoms related to memory deficit were related to CB in aMCI; differential IADL, such as inability to use a telephone, use transportation, manage finances, shop, cook and take responsibility for own medication, were related to CB in AD29–24, AD23–18 and AD17–12, and geriatric syndrome including falls and motor disturbance, sleep problems, urinary incontinence, and fatigue was related to CB in AD23–18 and AD17–12.ConclusionsMultiple factors including BPSD, impaired life function and geriatric syndrome were cognitive stage‐dependently associated with CB. Preventive treatment of BPSD and comorbidity, and effective assistance for IADL deficits could contribute to alleviation of CB. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 2): 45–55.
Experiences of Peer Support for Children and Adolescents Whose Parents and Siblings Have Mental Illness
Authors: Foster Kim , Lewis Peter , McCloughen Andrea 
Published: March 2014

ProblemThere is minimal published literature on experiences of peer support programs for children/adolescents in families affected by mental illness. This study aimed to explore children's and adolescents' perspectives of the ON FIRE peer support program.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study with 14 children/adolescents 9–17 years of age who participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes of experience.FindingsParticipants made connections with others in the program, developed personal strengths, and learned how to contribute to others' well‐being.ConclusionParticipants derived substantial personal benefit from peer support. Use of social media and the Internet may facilitate future program delivery.
Reduction of ICD Shock Burden by Eliminating Back‐Up Pacing Induced Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: THEIS CATHRIN , MOLLNAU HANKE , SONNENSCHEIN SEBASTIAN , KONRAD TORSTEN , HIMMRICH EWALD , BOCK KARSTEN , SCHULZ EBERHARD , KÄMPFNER DENISE , GERHARDT SIMON , QUESADA OCETE BLANCA , MÜNZEL THOMAS , ROSTOCK THOMAS 
Published: March 2014

ICD Shock Reduction by Subthreshold PacingIntroductionImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) may have the capacity to provoke or worsen ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). It has been reported that ICD shocks by itself can increase mortality. This study aimed to determine the role of back‐up pacing‐induced VT (PIT) in the overall ICD shock burden by avoiding pause‐related ventricular back‐up pacing.Methods and ResultsA population of 550 single‐chamber ICD patients was studied. Of them, 17 (3%, 69 ± 16 years, 14 male) patients had documented episodes of PIT. A total of 431 VT episodes were documented including 89 (21%) due to PIT. In 3 patients, VT events were exclusively PITs. After ≥2 documented PITs, the pacing output for VVI pacing was set to a subthreshold level resulting in noncapturable ventricular back‐up pacing. All other device parameters remained unchanged to prove a potential proarrhythmic effect of pause related back‐up pacing. During a follow‐up of 99 ± 39 months after reducing the pacing output to a subthreshold level, no further episodes of PIT were observed (P < 0.001). Moreover, with the prevention of PITs, the ICD shock burden decreased significantly (pre: 150 vs. post: 18, P < 0.001). However, a single event of pause‐induced VT occurred due to missing back‐up pacing.ConclusionsPIT is a frequent mechanism of VTs in ICD patients resulting in a substantially increased shock burden. Elimination of pause‐related back‐up pacing by subthreshold pacing output effectively abolishes PIT and thus significantly reduces ICD shock burden.
Intramyocardial transplantation of cardiac telocytes decreases myocardial infarction and improves post‐infarcted cardiac function in rats
Authors: Zhao Baoyin , Liao Zhaofu , Chen Shang , Yuan Ziqiang , Yilin Chen , Lee Kenneth K.H. , Qi Xufeng , Shen Xiaotao , Zheng Xin , Quinn Thomas , Cai Dongqing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe midterm effects of cardiac telocytes (CTs) transplantation on myocardial infarction (MI) and the cellular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of CTs transplantation are not understood. In the present study, we have revealed that transplantation of CTs was able to significantly decrease the infarct size and improved cardiac function 14 weeks after MI. It has established that CT transplantation exerted a protective effect on the myocardium and this was maintained for at least 14 weeks. The cellular mechanism behind this beneficial effect on MI was partially attributed to increased cardiac angiogenesis, improved reconstruction of the CT network and decreased myocardial fibrosis. These combined effects decreased the infarct size, improved the reconstruction of the LV and enhanced myocardial function in MI. Our findings suggest that CTs could be considered as a potential cell source for therapeutic use to improve cardiac repair and function following MI, used either alone or in tandem with stem cells.
Gamma irradiation preserves immunosuppressive potential and inhibits clonogenic capacity of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: de Andrade Ana Valéria Gouveia , Riewaldt Julia , Wehner Rebekka , Schmitz Marc , Odendahl Marcus , Bornhäuser Martin , Tonn Torsten 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the treatment of graft‐versus‐host and autoimmune diseases. Here, by virtue of their immunosuppressive effects, they are discussed to exhibit inhibitory actions on various immune effector cells, including T lymphocytes that promote the underlying pathology. While it becomes apparent that MSCs exhibit their therapeutic effect in a transient manner, they are usually transplanted from third party donors into heavily immunocompromised patients. However, little is known about potential late complications of persisting third party MSCs in these patients. We therefore analysed the effect of gamma irradiation on the potency and proliferation of MSCs to elucidate an irradiation dose, which would allow inhibition of MSC proliferation while at the same time preserving their immunosuppressive function. Bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) were gamma‐irradiated at increasing doses of 5, 10 and 30 Gy and subsequently assessed by colony formation unit (CFU)‐assay, Annexin V‐staining and in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, to assess colony growth, apoptosis and the immunosuppressive capacity, respectively. Complete loss of proliferative capacity measured by colony formation was observed after irradiation with a dose equal to or greater than 10 Gy. No significant decrease of viable cells was detected, as compared to non‐irradiated BM‐MSCs. Notably, irradiated BM‐MSCs remained highly immunosuppressive in vitro for at least 5 days after irradiation. Gamma irradiation does not impair the immunosuppressive capacity of BM‐MSCs in vitro and thus might increase the safety of MSC‐based cell products in clinical applications.
Cutaneous adverse effects of BRAF inhibitors in metastatic malignant melanoma, a prospective study in 20 patients.
Authors: Vanneste L. , Wolter P. , Van den Oord J.J. , Stas M. , Garmyn M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundBRAF inhibitors frequently cause significant cutaneous adverse reactions.ObjectiveTo study the timing, prevalence and response to treatment of skin lesions in patients receiving V‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors.MethodsWe prospectively studied the cutaneous side‐effects of patients with a BRAF mutant (V600E, V600K, V600R) metastatic malignant melanoma treated with a BRAF inhibitor. We systematically registered prevalence, timing of onset and response to treatment.ResultsTwenty patients were treated for 2–52 weeks with a BRAF inhibitor. Eleven patients on vemurafenib (58%) developed cutaneous side‐effects and 10 patients (42%) had more than one cutaneous adverse event. Verrucous papillomas were observed in eight patients (42%), after 1–12 weeks. We diagnosed four keratoacanthomas in two patients (11%) after 6–10 weeks and two squamous cell carcinomas in two patients (11%) after 10–16 weeks. Seven patients (37%) developed a hyperkeratotic, folliculocentric eruption after 2–8 weeks, resolving quickly under topical steroids. Four patients (21%) presented a facial erythema, two patients (11%) a seborrhoeic dermatitis‐like eczema on the scalp. Three patients (16%) developed cystic lesions after 2–11 weeks. Three patients (16%) presented a hand–foot skin reaction after 4–6 weeks, which was successfully treated with topical steroids and keratolytics. Hyperkeratosis of the nipples was seen in one patient (5%). We observed phototoxic reactions after UV exposure in five patients (26%) and alopecia in two patients (11%) after 8–10 weeks. One patient on dabrafenib developed curly hairs (24 weeks), keratotic papules (1 and 36 weeks), a keratoacanthoma (4 weeks) and a hand–foot skin reaction (31 weeks).ConclusionMultiple cutaneous toxicities were observed in patients under BRAF inhibitors, mostly well controlled with adequate treatment. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach with regular assessments of the skin by a dermatologist. This allows early identification and adequate treatment to avoid premature discontinuation of a life‐prolonging therapy.
2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum
Authors: de Vries H.J.C. , Zingoni A. , Kreuter A. , Moi H. , White J.A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhat is new in this updated guideline?This is the update version of the 2010 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). New issues are:Epidemiology

Based on clonal relatedness of prevalent LGV strains there is evidence that the LGV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Western world prevailed already in the United States in the 1980s and was introduced into Europe by the end of the last century.

Aetiology and transmission

A new LGV variant causing severe proctitis was unveiled and designated L2c.

The L2b LGV variant causing the vast majority of infections among MSM is now also found among a few heterosexual women.

Management

Apart from HIV and STI screening, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) testing should be offered to all LGV patients.

To exclude reinfections, STI screening during a follow‐up visit 3 months after an LGV diagnosis should be offered.
Glycaemic responses of stapleSouthAsian foods alone and combined with curried chicken as a mixed meal
Authors: George R. , Garcia A. L. , Edwards C. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe glycaemic responses of staples differ when eaten as mixed meals. We determined the glycaemic responses andglycaemic index (GI)values for commonSouthAsian carbohydrate rich foods and the effect of adding curried chicken to them as mixed meals.MethodsTheGIand glycaemic response to staples (basmati rice, pilau rice and chapatti) and mixed meals (pilau rice with chicken curry and chapatti with chicken curry) were measured in healthy volunteers. Paired comparisons in each subject were carried out for staples and their equivalent mixed meals (n = 9).ResultsGIvalues for the mixed meals were significantly lower than the staples alone (41 and 60 for pilau rice with chicken curry and pilau rice alone,P = 0.001; 45 and 68 for chapatti with chicken curry and chapatti alone,P = 0.004). Both, pilau rice and chapatti with chicken curry had a significantly lower glycaemic response than their equivalent staples alone:incremental area under the blood glucose response curves (IAUC)111.9 mmol min−1 L−1for pilau rice with curry versus 162.4 mmol min−1 L−1for pilau rice alone (P = 0.001) andIAUC110.1 mmol min−1 L−1for chapatti with chicken curry versus 183.6 mmol min−1 L−1for chapatti alone (P = 0.002).ConclusionsAdding fat and protein‐containing curries as part of a mixed meal to carbohydrate rich staple foods reduced glycaemic responses, and also changed theGIcategory.
Specimen‐thickness effects on transmission Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: RICE K.P. , KELLER R.R. , STOYKOVICH M.P. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe report the effects of varying specimen thickness on the generation of transmission Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope. Diffraction patterns sufficient for automated indexing were observed from films spanning nearly three orders of magnitude in thickness in several materials, from 5 nm of hafnium dioxide to 3 μm of aluminum, corresponding to a mass‐thickness range of ∼5 to 810 μg cm–2. The scattering events that are most likely to be detected in transmission are shown to be very near the exit surface of the films. The energies, spatial distribution and trajectories of the electrons that are transmitted through the film and are collected by the detector are predicted using Monte Carlo simulations.
How to make choice of the carious removal methods, Carisolv or traditional drilling? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li R. , Zhao Y. , Ye L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDespite Carisolv has been used to remove carious dentine for 14 years, it still has not reached consensus regarding its effectiveness and efficacy. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness and efficacy of the chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) system – Carisolv. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to identify RCTs comparing the use of Carisolv with a control (rotary instruments) in patients with dental caries. Results were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences with accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The outcome measurement included the complete caries removal rate (CCR: the number of cases with complete caries removal in study and control groups after different treatment), the treatment time (min) and the use of local anaesthesia. The meta‐analysis was performed with the fixed‐effect or random‐effect model according to the heterogeneity. Six studies involving 578 teeth met our inclusion criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in CCR between Carisolv group and rotary instruments group; in Carisolv group, the treatment time (min) was significantly longer no matter whether the caries was located in coronal or root area, while the use of local anaesthesia was less. Compared with rotary instruments, Carisolv did not show increased CCR. Carisolv reduced the use of local anaesthesia although it took longer treatment time. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the heterogeneity among study designs. Further large‐scale, well‐designed RCTs are needed.