bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRK1, a Bub1-Related Kinase, Is Essential for Generating Proper Tension between Homologous Kinetochores at Metaphase I of Rice Meiosis
Authors: Wang Mo , Tang Ding , Luo Qiong , Jin Yi , Shen Yi , Wang Kejian , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBub1 (for budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1), one of the main spindle checkpoint kinases, acts as a kinetochore scaffold for assembling other checkpoint proteins. Here, we identify a plant Bub1-related kinase 1 (BRK1) in rice (Oryza sativa). The brk1 mutants are sterile due to the precocious separation of sister chromatids at the onset of anaphase I. The centromeric recruitment of SHUGOSHIN1 and phosphorylation of histone H2A at Thr-134 (H2A-pT134) depend on BRK1. Although the homologs can faithfully separate from each other at the end of meiosis I, the uncorrected merotelic attachment of paired sister kinetochores at the early stage of metaphase I in brk1 reduces the tension across homologous kinetochores, causes the metaphase I spindle to be aberrantly shaped, and subsequently affects the synchronicity of homolog separation at the onset of anaphase I. In addition, the phosphorylation of inner centromeric histone H3 at Ser-10 (H3-pS10) during diakinesis depends on BRK1. Therefore, we speculate that BRK1 may be required for normal localization of Aurora kinase before the onset of metaphase I, which is responsible for correcting the merotelic attachment.
WRINKLED Transcription Factors Orchestrate Tissue-Specific Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: To Alexandra , Joubès Jérôme , Barthole Guillaume , Lécureuil Alain , Scagnelli Aurélie , Jasinski Sophie , Lepiniec Loïc , Baud Sébastien 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Acyl lipids are essential constituents of all cells, but acyl chain requirements vary greatly and depend on the cell type considered. This implies a tight regulation of fatty acid production so that supply fits demand. Isolation of the Arabidopsis thaliana WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor established the importance of transcriptional regulation for modulating the rate of acyl chain production. Here, we report the isolation of two additional regulators of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, WRI3 and WRI4, which are closely related to WRI1 and belong to the APETALA2–ethylene-responsive element binding protein family of transcription factors. These three WRIs define a family of regulators capable of triggering sustained rates of acyl chain synthesis. However, expression patterns of the three WRIs differ markedly. Whereas only WRI1 activates fatty acid biosynthesis in seeds for triacylglycerol production, the three WRIs are required in floral tissues to provide acyl chains for cutin biosynthesis and prevent adherence of these developing organs and subsequent semisterility. The targets of these WRIs encode enzymes providing precursors (acyl chain and glycerol backbones) for various lipid biosynthetic pathways, but not the subsequent lipid-assembling enzymes. These results provide insights into the developmental regulation of fatty acid production in plants.
Pectin Biosynthesis: GALS1 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is a β-1,4-Galactan β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase
Authors: Liwanag April Jennifer Madrid , Ebert Berit , Verhertbruggen Yves , Rennie Emilie A. , Rautengarten Carsten , Oikawa Ai , Andersen Mathias C.F. , Clausen Mads H. , Scheller Henrik Vibe 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
β-1,4-Galactans are abundant polysaccharides in plant cell walls, which are generally found as side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I. Rhamnogalacturonan I is a major component of pectin with a backbone of alternating rhamnose and galacturonic acid residues and side chains that include α-1,5-arabinans, β-1,4-galactans, and arabinogalactans. Many enzymes are required to synthesize pectin, but few have been identified. Pectin is most abundant in primary walls of expanding cells, but β-1,4-galactan is relatively abundant in secondary walls, especially in tension wood that forms in response to mechanical stress. We investigated enzymes in glycosyltransferase family GT92, which has three members in Arabidopsis thaliana, which we designated GALACTAN SYNTHASE1, (GALS1), GALS2 and GALS3. Loss-of-function mutants in the corresponding genes had a decreased β-1,4-galactan content, and overexpression of GALS1 resulted in plants with 50% higher β-1,4-galactan content. The plants did not have an obvious growth phenotype. Heterologously expressed and affinity-purified GALS1 could transfer Gal residues from UDP-Gal onto β-1,4-galactopentaose. GALS1 specifically formed β-1,4-galactosyl linkages and could add successive β-1,4-galactosyl residues to the acceptor. These observations confirm the identity of the GT92 enzyme as β-1,4-galactan synthase. The identification of this enzyme could provide an important tool for engineering plants with improved bioenergy properties.
Working life and physical activity in ankylosing spondylitis pre and post anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha therapy
Authors: Prince David S. , McGuigan Louis E. , McGirr Ellen E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo assess effects of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on working life and physical activity in Australia; to quantify changes in working life and physical activity that occur after anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) treatment; and to assess efficacy of anti‐TNF‐α therapy for AS in an Australian context.MethodsThis is a multi‐centre observational study of people with AS on anti‐TNF‐α therapy. All participants satisfied the New York Modified Criteria and had active and refractory disease at anti‐TNF‐α therapy commencement. Participation involved a standardized interview, a metrology assessment, assessment of disease remission and medical record review. Interviews and patients' records were used to compare working life (employment, sick leave and productivity) and physical activity (participation rate, hours/week, and physical intensity) between the pre‐AS, post‐AS and post‐anti‐TNF‐α therapy periods.ResultsFifty‐two patients took part. Participants were on average 44.8 years old, predominately male (86.5%) and had been on anti‐TNF‐α therapy for 29 months; 39% were in partial remission and 75% had 50% reduction in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Responders to anti‐TNF‐α therapy were 10.5 years younger than non‐responders (P = 0.004). Post‐anti‐TNF‐α therapy participants gained 6.6 h/week of work (P = 0.02), and productivity improved 31% (P < 0.001) compared to immediately prior to commencing treatment. Physical activity participation increased from 71% to 85% (P = 0.039) and activity intensity increased by 33% (P = 0.002) post‐treatment. Participants gained 1.8 h/week of sport (P = 0.001) and 2.2 h/week of recreational physical activity (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAustralians with AS have their working life and physical activity severely affected by this disease. Treatment with anti‐TNF‐α therapy results in significant improvement in these parameters.
Elevated KIAA0101 expression is a marker of recurrence in human gastric cancer
Authors: Zhu Kun , Diao Dongmei , Dang Chengxue , Shi Lei , Wang Jianguang , Yan Rong , Yuan Dawei , Li Kang 
Published: December 2012

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high rate of recurrence, which results in surgery being unsuccessful. Therefore, it is important to find the reason for the surgery failing. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a factor related to recurrence. Expression of KIAA0101 was assessed in 61 paired human primary GC and non‐cancerous gastric tissue using immunohistochemistry. After surgery, all 61 patients were followed regularly for more than 24 months or until death to analyze the 2‐year survival rate and recurrence. After suppressing KIAA0101 by RNA interference in human GC cell lines, the cell viability was detected using MTT. We are first to find that KIAA0101 was elevated in GC tissues compared with paired non‐cancerous gastric tissues. Immunohistochemical staining also revealed the predominant nuclear localization of KIAA0101 protein. Despite these findings, GC patients with elevated KIAA0101 expression levels exhibited a high recurrence and subsequently poor prognosis in the survival study. Also, cell viability was significantly inhibited after suppressing KIAA0101 in GC cells, suggesting that KIAA0101 might promote cancer cell proliferation. KIAA0101 is increased in human GC and is a marker of recurrence.
Early growth of environmental plantings in relation to site and management factors
Authors: England Jacqueline R. , Franks Emma J. , Weston Christopher J. , Polglase Philip J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn extensively cleared areas of temperate Australia, large‐scale mixed‐species environmental revegetation is often recommended to address land and water degradation in rural landscapes. Although survival and growth are central to the success of revegetation, there is very limited information on this aspect of practice. We investigated how site and management practices influence early growth by surveying 29 planted or direct‐seeded sites, covering ages from 3–6 years, in north central Victoria, Australia. We measured heights and crown widths of trees and shrubs at each site and estimated average growth over time at the scale of: (i) individual trees or shrubs (mean height increment) and (ii) stand (vegetation cover increment and a ‘height integral’ increment variable, which integrates differences in both height and stand density). Relationships between growth increment variables and site factors, including climate, site preparation and land‐use history, were investigated to identify the main factors influencing early growth rates. Mean annual increment in height of individual trees was significantly higher for trees established from tubestock than those from direct seeding. Multiple linear regression models for two growth variables, cover increment and height integral increment, explained 61% and 38% of the variation, respectively, but with high uncertainty. Ploughing, pre‐establishment weed control and fertiliser addition improved growth rates. Revegetation method had a significant effect on early growth; at the scale of individuals, growth rates were higher for planted tubestock than for direct seeding, while at the stand scale, growth rates were higher for direct seeding than for planted tubestock.
Determination of Thallium in the USGS Glass Reference Materials BIR‐1G, BHVO‐2G and BCR‐2G and Application to Quantitative Tl Concentrations by LA‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Nielsen Sune G. , Lee Cin‐Ty A. 
Published: December 2012

Here, we present determinations of thallium (Tl) concentrations in the USGS reference materials BIR‐1G, BHVO‐2G and BCR‐2G measured by solution ICP‐MS. The Tl content in these three glasses spans a range of about 2–230 ng g−1, which is similar to the values published for the respective powder materials. The determined range of Tl concentrations in these three glass reference materials makes them ideal for investigating Tl concentrations in basaltic and andesitic volcanic glasses. We also performed a series of laser ablation ICP‐MS measurements on the three samples, which show that this technique is able to determine Tl concentrations in glass samples with concentrations as low as 2 ng g−1.
Response of Sorghum to Abiotic Stresses: A Review
Authors: Tari I. , Laskay G. , Takács Z. , Poór P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivars.
Delving intoDeliasHübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): fine‐scale biogeography, phylogenetics and systematics of the world's largest butterfly genus
Authors: Müller Chris J. , Matos‐Maraví Pável F. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimOur objective was to reconstruct a species‐level phylogeny of the genusDelias, to elucidate their finer‐scale biogeography and to test boundaries between closely related taxa.LocationIndo‐Australian region, with a focus on Wallacea.MethodsSequence data from 131 taxa, representing all recognized species groups and more than half of the known species ofDelias, were used in the analysis. Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular characters of the mitochondrial gene cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear geneswinglessand elongation factor 1α (EF‐1α) were carried out using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Biogeographical reconstructions were undertaken using the parsimony‐based method dispersal–vicariance analysis and the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model as implemented inraspandLagrange, respectively.ResultsThe phylogenetic hypothesis resolved 14 distinct clades, here designated thenysa,isse,pasithoe,belladonna,ladas,geraldina,aroae,eichhorni,sagessa,aganippe,hyparete,belisama,albertisiandnigrinaspecies groups.Delias blancaFelder andDelias chrysomelaenaSnellen van Vollenhoven were transferred to thepasithoeandissespecies groups, respectively. We demonstrate that the barcode region ofCOIis useful for the delineation of closely related, more recently diverged,Deliasspecies. Species diversification inDelias, for the most part, is shown to pre‐date the Pleistocene, even in montane mainland New Guinea where numerous phenotypically similar sister species co‐occur.Main conclusionsSiblingDeliasspecies found in sympatry are largely restricted to those clades confined to mainland New Guinea, where most species occur in high‐elevation habitats. Conversely, clades with large geographical ranges are composed of essentially allopatric taxa. Although an Australian Plate origin is plausible for the genus,Deliasis likely to have colonized islands peripheral to Australia during the early stages of its evolution (i.e. during the Miocene), as evidenced by the presence of older lineages in Wallacea and also in islands of the south‐western Pacific.
Temporal, spatial and ecological dynamics of speciation among amphi‐Beringian small mammals
Authors: Hope Andrew G. , Takebayashi Naoki , Galbreath Kurt E. , Talbot Sandra L. , Cook Joseph A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimQuaternary climate cycles played an important role in promoting diversification across the Northern Hemisphere, although details of the mechanisms driving evolutionary change are still poorly resolved. In a comparative phylogeographical framework, we investigate temporal, spatial and ecological components of evolution within a suite of Holarctic small mammals. We test a hypothesis of simultaneous divergence among multiple taxon pairs, investigating time to coalescence and demographic change for each taxon in response to a combination of climate and geography.LocationBeringia, the nexus of the northern continents.MethodsWe used approximate Bayesian computation methods to test for simultaneous divergence among eight pairs of taxa, using cytochrome b gene sequences. We calculated coalescence times for eastern and western components of each pair and for the combined pairs, and relate dates to Quaternary climatic periodicity and combinations of environmental events and physical barriers. Population growth and expansion statistics were used to test evolutionary responses among taxa, including range shifts, persistence or periodic extirpation. Species distribution models (SDMs) for each taxon were used to predict their geographical ranges during the present interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum and previous interglacial.ResultsMultiple divergence events across Beringia were primarily coincident with extreme glacial cycles of the late Quaternary. Structure within Beringia is spatially consistent with at least three environmental barriers arising at different times: the Kolyma Uplands, Bering Strait and portions of the Bering Isthmus. Levels of divergence varied substantially, indicating evolutionary processes spanning deep and shallow time‐scales. The different demographics among taxa reflect their distinct ecological responses. SDMs predicted regional distributional changes through time and different spatial responses among taxa.Main conclusionsBeringia predominantly constituted a dispersal corridor during the early Quaternary and a major centre of endemism in the late Quaternary. Coincident with severe glacial cycles, small mammal species were ‘caught’ in Beringia and diversified over multiple climatic phases. Relative genetic differentiation across Beringia appears to be related to ecological differences reflecting a gradual adaptation to Beringian environments through time. Some methodological constraints associated with resolving recent (late Quaternary) isolation events or drawing inferences from a single locus are discussed.
Characteristics of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in co‐culture with Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Lee S.H. , Baek D.H. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis is associated with chronic periodontitis and forms multi‐species biofilms. They can communicate within species as well as with other species found in the subgingiva, which may induce changes in the growth ratio and virulence of periodontopathogens. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis shows different virulence by growth condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of P. gingivalis LPS when co‐cultured with Fusobacterium nucleatum. After culture of P. gingivalis in the presence or absence of F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis LPS was extracted. THP‐1 cells were treated with the LPS and induction of cytokine expression was investigated using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the analysis of P. gingivalis LPS, LPS biosynthesis‐related genes such as lpxA and lpxD were evaluated with real‐time RT‐PCR. Finally, molecular mass of lipid A was measured by mass spectrometry after hydrolysis of the LPS. Co‐cultured P. gingivalis LPS exhibited higher induction of expression of interleukin 1β, 6, and 8 than single‐cultured P. gingivalis LPS. These symptoms may be caused by an increase in m/z 1689 lipid A through the upregulation of lpxA and lpxD expression by communication between P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
Minimal models for rational functions in a dynamical setting
Authors: Bruin Nils , Molnar Alexander 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe present a practical algorithm to compute models of rational functions with minimal resultant under conjugation by fractional linear transformations. We also report on a search for rational functions of degrees 2 and 3 with rational coefficients that have many integers in a single orbit. We find several minimal quadratic rational functions with eight integers in an orbit and several minimal cubic rational functions with ten integers in an orbit. We also make some elementary observations on possibilities of an analogue of Szpiro’s conjecture in a dynamical setting and on the structure of the set of minimal models for a given rational function.
Intracerebroventricular losartan infusion modulates angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in the subfornical organ and drinking behaviour in bile‐duct‐ligated rats
Authors: Walch Joseph D. , Carreño Flávia Regina , Cunningham J. Thomas 
Published: December 2012

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Dilutional hyponatraemia increases morbidity and mortality associated with heart or liver failure. Vasopressin release and increased fluid intake contribute to hyposmolality, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Our study tests the role of the central renin–angiotensin system in hyposmolality in a rat model of liver failure.
What is the main finding and its importance?Hepatic cirrhosis produced hyposmolality, with increased water intake and increased angiotensin receptors in the subfornical organ, a forebrain circumventricular organ. Central infusions of the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan normalized both water intake and the increase in angiotensin receptors. However, the rats remained hyposmotic, suggesting a selective role for the central renin–angiotensin system.
Bile duct ligation (BDL) causes congestive liver failure that initiates haemodynamic changes, including peripheral vasodilatation and generalized oedema. Peripheral vasodilatation is hypothesized to activate compensatory mechanisms, including increased drinking behaviour and neurohumoral activation. This study tested the hypothesis that changes in the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) mRNA and protein in the lamina terminalis are associated with BDL‐induced hyposmolality in the rat. All rats received either BDL or sham‐ligation surgery. The rats were housed in metabolic chambers for measurement of fluid and food intake and urine output. Expression of AT1R in the lamina terminalis was assessed by Western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR). Average baseline water intake increased significantly in BDL rats compared with sham‐operated rats, and upregulation of AT1R protein and AT1aR mRNA were observed in the subfornical organ of BDL rats. Separate groups of BDL and sham‐ligated rats were instrumented with minipumps filled with either losartan (2.0 μg μl−1) or 0.9% saline for chronic intracerebroventricular or chronic subcutaneous infusion. Chronic intracerebroventricular losartan infusion attenuated the increased drinking behaviour and prevented the increased abundance of AT1R protein in the subfornical organ in BDL rats. Chronic subcutaneous infusion did not affect water intake or AT1R abundance in the subfornical organ. The data presented here indicate a possible role of increased central AT1R expression in the regulation of drinking behaviour during congestive cirrhosis.
Model and Simulations of a Wood Frog Population
Authors: Al-Asuoad Nofe , Anguelov Roumen , Berven Keith , Shillor Meir 
Published: December 2012

This work presents and simulates a mathematical model В for the dynamics of a population of Wood Frogs. The model consists of a system of five coupled impulsive differential equations for the larvae, juveniles (early, middle, and late) and the mature adult populations. A simulation result depicts possible dynamics of the frogs' population when during one year the larvae population dies out. This provides a tool for the study of the resilience of the population and the conditions that may lead to its survival and flourishing or extinction.
An Upstream Finite Volume Scheme for a Bone Healing Model
Authors: Uzureau Alexandre , Coudiere Yves , Saad Mazen 
Published: December 2012

This paper is devoted to the introduction of a numerical scheme for a bone healing model and simulation of skull fractures. The mathematical model describes the evolution of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, bone matrix and osteogenic growth factor. WeВ propose a numerical scheme based on an implicit finite volume method constructed on an orthogonal mesh. The efficiency and robustness of the scheme are shown in simulating a skull fracture in rats.