bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Indian Public Healthcare Delivery System and Its Comparison with Public Healthcare Delivery of Global Nations Based on Their Gross Domestic Products Potential as Criteria: A Comparative Study
Authors: Savitha S  , Prabu D  , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Rajmohan M  , Sindhu R  , Bharathwaj V V  , Sathiyapriya S  , Nimmy P  
Published: August 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the Indian public healthcare delivery system and compare it with other countries based on their gross domestic product (GDP) classification. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted to assess the Indian healthcare delivery system and the GDP among global nations based on their GDP potential as criteria. The data from 24 high-, middle-, and low-income countries were gathered from the World Bank from year 2018 to 2021. The parameters included GDP, GDP per capita, total number of population, and healthcare delivery system. The data were collected from various electronic sources of the World Health Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the US Census Bureau’s international data, National Health Profile 2021. The collected data were compiled and tabulated. The descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft Excel version 2016 and SPSS version 20. Results: India ranks in the high-income group based on the GDP, whereas when ranked based on GDP per capita, it drops down to the lower-middle-income group. This lag may be because of a larger population and lack of priority in public health delivery. In terms of overall expenditure, India spends US$63 million in total health expenditure, of which only US$20 million is spent by the government sector. On the other hand, the United States holds the highest rank with US$10,921 million of total health expenditure, of which US$5,552 million spent by the government sector and US$5,368 million by the private sector. Conclusion: The Indian healthcare delivery system is suffering from a shortage of public health workforce and infrastructure. In the last decade, India has seen remarkable economic development, particularly in terms of the GDP growth rate. Unfortunately, this progress does not accompany with the Indian healthcare delivery system. Still there is a shortage in public health workforce and infrastructure. India should prioritize the expenditure in healthcare delivery.
Identification of avoidable patients at triage in a Paediatric Emergency Department: a decision support system using predictive analytics
Authors: Viana João , Souza Júlio , Rocha Ruben , Santos Almeida , Freitas Alberto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Crowding has been a longstanding issue in emergency departments. To address this, a fast-track system for avoidable patients is being implemented in the Paediatric Emergency Department where our study is conducted. Our goal is to develop an optimized Decision Support System that helps in directing patients to this fast track. We evaluated various Machine Learning models, focusing on a balance between complexity, predictive performance, and interpretability.

Methods
This is a retrospective study considering all visits to a university-affiliated metropolitan hospital’s PED between 2014 and 2019. Using information available at the time of triage, we trained several models to predict whether a visit is avoidable and should be directed to a fast-track area.

Results
A total of 507,708 visits to the PED were used in the training and testing of the models. Regarding the outcome, 41.6% of the visits were considered avoidable. Except for the classification made by triage rules, i.e. considering levels 1,2, and 3 as non-avoidable and 4 and 5 as avoidable, all models had similar results in model’s evaluation metrics, e.g. Area Under the Curve ranging from 74% to 80%.

Conclusions
Regarding predictive performance, the pruned decision tree had evaluation metrics results that were comparable to the other ML models. Furthermore, it offers a low complexity and easy to implement solution. When considering interpretability, a paramount requisite in healthcare since it relates to the trustworthiness and transparency of the system, the pruned decision tree excels.
Overall, this paper contributes to the growing body of research on the use of machine learning in healthcare. It highlights practical benefits for patients and healthcare systems of the use ML-based DSS in emergency medicine. Moreover, the obtained results can potentially help to design patients’ flow management strategies in PED settings, which has been sought as a solution for addressing the long-standing problem of overcrowding.
Plant biodiversity assessment of locally cultivated crops and household food security in Northern Iran
Authors: Shirazi Somayeh , Khoshbakht Kouros , Mahmoudi Hossein 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Locally cultivated crops play an important role in the food security. The biodiversity of these crops can be important for the livelihood of households in current and future generations. This research aims to study the socio-economic, agronomic, and ecological aspects which contribute to the maintenance of crop diversification and food security in the study area.

Method
Based on latitude and topography 10 villages were randomly selected, which was done in a study with 227 household farm managers. Food security was evaluated based on the species richness, and area under cultivation of food groups, and the probit logistic regression model was used for evaluation. Probit regression, also known as probit models, is used when the output or dependent variable of the model is bivariate. In inverse probit models, the standard normal distribution is modeled as a linear combination of predictor variables. In this situation, the application of normal regression methods is not applicable because the distribution occurred in two levels. In this study, it is assumed that the protection of biodiversity of local plants is related to food security, and for this reason, we have used this model.

Results
The findings showed that socio-economic status of different households and farms in this coastal area is one of the key factors affecting the biodiversity of locally cultivated crops. Local cultivars, especially those of rice, are resistant to most environmental factors and contribute to family food security. Food security and rice abundance are significantly correlated in all of the research area’s communities.

Conclusions
To ensure the sustainability, and health of production, and to ensure food security, planting various crops in this study area is recommended. Future research is needed to focus on solutions and technologies rich in diversity tailored to the socio-economic and environmental factors of locally cultivated crops.
Secondary school students’ attitudes of tolerance towards minorities
Authors: Beyer Clara , Brese Falk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContinued migration flows are inevitable, and research into favorable conditions for educating students in pluralistic societies is timely. This study attempts to address the operationalization of favorable conditions when educating children in diverse societies. Previous research into the contact hypothesis and acculturation theory has suggested that moderating factors are necessary for contact between groups of “others” to effect positive change in attitudes of tolerance and reduce prejudice. To represent groups of “others”, this study—which analyzed ICCS data from both the 2009 and 2016 cycles—considers lower-secondary students with an immigration background, who speak a different language than the administered assessment in the home, and diversity in terms of socio-economic background. To represent a desirable or “successful” classroom context, the study focuses on attitudes of tolerance held by lower-secondary students towards minorities, investigating whether participation in civic activities in the school or community, or the act of learning in more diverse classrooms, was associated with increased rates of tolerance. Findings supported the stated hypotheses to some extent, as some associations between heterogenous classroom composition (in terms of the share of students from immigrant backgrounds and those who spoke different languages in the home) and increased attitudes of tolerance towards minorities were observed. Student participation in civic activities in school was significantly associated with higher attitudes of tolerance towards minorities in 16 out of 18 analyzed countries. A relation between civic participation in the community and tolerance towards minorities was not found. Overall, students’ rates of tolerance towards minorities increased significantly for the majority of analyzed countries between 2009 and 2016.
Enhancing diagnostic precision in EBV-related HLH: a multifaceted approach using 18F-FDG PET/CT and nomogram integration
Authors: Yang Xu , Lu Xia , Feng Lijuan , Wang Wei , Kan Ying , Zhang Shuxin , Li Xiang , Yang Jigang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The hyperinflammatory condition and lymphoproliferation due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) affect the detection of lymphomas by 18F-FDG PET/CT. We aimed to improve the diagnostic capabilities of 18F-FDG PET/CT by combining laboratory parameters.

Methods
This retrospective study involved 46 patients diagnosed with EBV-positive HLH, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before beginning chemotherapy within a 4-year timeframe. These patients were categorized into two groups: EBV-associated HLH (EBV-HLH) (n = 31) and EBV-positive lymphoma-associated HLH (EBV + LA-HLH) (n = 15). We employed multivariable logistic regression and regression tree analysis to develop diagnostic models and assessed their efficacy in diagnosis and prognosis.

Results
A nomogram combining the SUVmax ratio, copies of plasma EBV-DNA, and IFN-γ reached 100% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity, with an AUC of 0.926 (95%CI, 0.779–0.988). Importantly, this nomogram also demonstrated predictive power for mortality in EBV-HLH patients, with a hazard ratio of 4.2 (95%CI, 1.1–16.5). The high-risk EBV-HLH patients identified by the nomogram had a similarly unfavorable prognosis as patients with lymphoma.

Conclusions
The study found that while 18F-FDG PET/CT alone has limitations in differentiating between lymphoma and EBV-HLH in patients with active EBV infection, the integration of a nomogram significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy and also exhibits a strong association with prognostic outcomes.
Lightweight ring-neighbor-based user authentication and group-key agreement for internet of drones
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Hsu Chingfang , Harn Lein , Xia Zhe , Jiang Xinyu , Liu Liu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs mobile internet and Internet of Things technologies continue to advance, the application scenarios of peer-to-peer Internet of Drones (IoD) are becoming increasingly diverse. However, the development of IoD also faces significant challenges, such as security, privacy protection, and limited computing power, which require technological innovation to overcome. For group secure communication, it is necessary to provide two basic services, user authentication and group key agreement. Due to the limited storage of IoD devices, group key negotiation requires lightweight calculations, and conventional schemes cannot satisfy the requirements of group communication in the IoD. To this end, a new lightweight communication scheme based on ring neighbors is presented in this paper for IoD, which not only realizes the identity verification of user and group key negotiation, but also improves computational efficiency on each group member side. A detailed security analysis substantiates that the designed scheme is capable of withstanding attacks from both internal and external adversaries while satisfying all defined security requirements. More importantly, in our proposal, the computational cost on the user side remains unaffected by the variability of the number of members participating in group communication, as members communicate in a non-interactive manner through broadcasting. As a result, the protocol proposed in this article demonstrates lower computational and communication costs in comparison to other cryptographic schemes. Hence, this proposal presents a more appealing approach to lightweight group key agreement protocol with user authentication for application in the IoD.
Modern views on physical activity in the prevention of concomitant pathology in individuals after cholecystectomy as a prerequisite for the substantiation and development of a physical rehabilitation program
Authors: Nataliya Golod 
Published: August 2024

Actuality. The absence of physical activity (PA) harms the health and normal functional capacity of organs and is the main cause of most chronic diseases, including in patients with gallbladder disease (GBD) and after cholecystectomy (CC).
Objectives of research. To analyze the causes and risk factors for the development of GBD. To analyze the effect of PA on the human body. To determine the directions of physical rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of people after cholecystectomy with concomitant pathology.
Results of research. The risk factors for the development of GBD are low FA, overweight, obesity, smoking, female sex, childbirth before the age of 20, postmenopausal medication, diet (consumption of large amounts of calories from refined carbohydrates, animal protein and cholesterol and low content of vegetables and dietary fiber). CC is a trigger for the development of metabolic dysfunctions. FA deficiency and metabolic dysfunctions after CC lead to further development of comorbidities – a combination of factors, namely endothelial dysfunction in the form of insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, is defined as metabolic syndrome (MS).
Conclusions. Increasing FA and exercise training (ET) is an effective therapeutic strategy to improve endothelial function and, as a result, reduce the symptoms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), normalize lipid profile, slow the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its consequences, reduce body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and the risk of stroke. The use of ET in people after CC with comorbidities should be individualized, taking into account age, gender, recovery period, lifestyle, and existing concomitant pathology. For effective positive changes, physical rehabilitation programs should last at least 12 weeks. The intensity and number of ET sessions for people after CC requires more thorough further study.
Modern views on thyroid disease in individuals after cholecystectomy as a prerequisite for the substantiation and development of a physical rehabilitation program
Authors: Golod Natalia 
Published: August 2024

Actuality. Gallstone disease (GD) is a disease that affects up to 15% of the adult population. It occurs mainly as a result of the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Sooner or later, 80% of people with gallstones begin to experience gallstone symptoms, which necessarily require surgical removal of the gallbladder - cholecystectomy. Today, it is usually performed laparoscopically. Analyzing the health status of people after cholecystectomy, it was found that often such people have concomitant thyroid disease (TD). TD is a chronic condition that causes physical discomfort. Physical consequences can have a negative and long-term impact on work, hobbies, and psychosocial functions of patients.
Objectives of research. To determine the prevalence of thyroid disease in Ukraine. To analyze the impact of thyroid disease in terms of rehabilitation prognosis of patients after cholecystectomy. Identify the main means of physical rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of people with thyroid disease.
Results of research. Analyzing the state of health of people after cholecystectomy, it was found that often such people have concomitant thyroid diseases. The most common thyroid pathology in Ukraine today is diffuse and nodular goiter. The number of goiter patients in Ukraine is measured in hundreds of thousands. The incidence of hypothyroidism has increased 6.3 times. Even with subclinical hypothyroidism, the initial stage of TD, symptoms similar to those observed in overt hypothyroidism can occur, leading to a deterioration in quality of life.
Conclusions. Endothelial tissues (heart, blood vessels, and capillaries) are most affected in TD. As a result, the function of the cardiovascular system, physical activity, endurance, and muscle strength decrease. Body mass index, heart rate, and blood pressure increase. A lifestyle that helps to maintain body weight, including increased physical activity, reduces the risk of GD. The use of a combination of aerobic and strength exercises in physical rehabilitation programs lasting at least 12 weeks can improve cardiovascular function, increase strength, reduce blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index.
Urban morphology: An historico-geographical approach
Authors: Arat Muzaffer Ali 
Published: August 2024

In this article, the foundation of urban morphology, the approaches to urban morphology, and the role of the ‘historical-geographical approach’ in planning practice are discussed. Firstly, the definition of urban morphology and its relevance is identified. Then, the short history of urban morphology is presented. The main approaches to urban morphology are addressed. Afterwards, the historical-geographical approach, whose theorist is M.R.G. Conzen, is focused on, and different concepts within this approach are introduced. These are, respectively, fringe belt, morphological region, burgage cycle, form complexes, morphological frame, and fixation line, to name the most important. Following this, bearing in mind the main purpose of this study, the role of the historical-geographical approach in planning practice is revealed.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Bu makalede kentsel morfolojinin kavram olarak ortaya çıkışı, kentsel morfoloji yaklaşımları ve bu yaklaşımlar içerisindeki ‘tarihi-coğrafi yaklaşım’ ve bu yaklaşımın planlama pratiklerindeki rolünden bahsedilmektedir. Öncelikle kentsel morfolojinin tanımı ve hayatımızla olan ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuş olup kentsel morfolojideki temel yaklaşımlara değinerek bu yaklaşımların kenti veya kent parçalarını ele alış biçimleri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonrasında, kuramcısının M.R.G. Conzen olduğu tarihi-coğrafi yaklaşımına odaklanıp, yaklaşım içerisindeki farklı konseptler irdelenmiştir. Bunlar sırasıyla, çeper kuşak, mofolojik bölge, burgage cycle, form kompleksleri, morphological frame, ve sabitleme hattıdır. Ardından bu çalışmanın temel amacı çerçevesinde tarihi-coğrafi yaklaşımın kent planlama pratiklerindeki rolü ortaya konulmuştur.
Pengaruh Sedimentasi terhadap Tutupan Terumbu Karang di Perairan Arfai, Manokwari Indonesia
Authors: Kolibongso Duaitd , Alfani Hermina Gloria , Loinenak Frida A. , Sembel Luky , Purba Gandi Y S 
Published: August 2024

Sedimentation adversely affects corals by impeding recruitment, hindering growth, and inducing stress, ultimately leading to degradation. This study aims to ascertain the correlation between sedimentation and coral cover. Five stations were sampled in Arfai waters in May 2023, with sedimentation rates measured using traps over 14 days. Coral reef conditions were assessed via the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method, revealing a 'good' coral cover of 51%, dominated by Acropora submassive (ACS), Acropora branching (ACB), and Coral branching (CB). Sedimentation rates ranged from 6.26 to 33.92 mg/cm²/day, with impacts categorized from mild to moderate and moderate to heavy. Analysis confirms sedimentation's influence on coral reef life. Despite its significance for management strategies, long-term studies tracking coral reef structure and function in response to sediment influx are lacking. Further research on coral reef recovery post-sediment exposure is imperative. Sedimentasi memengaruhi karang dengan menghambat rekruitmen, menghambat pertumbuhan, dan menyebabkan stres, yang akhirnya menyebabkan degradasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sedimentasi dan tutupan karang. Lima stasiun diambil sampelnya di perairan Arfai pada Mei 2023, dengan tingkat sedimentasi diukur menggunakan perangkap selama 14 hari. Kondisi terumbu karang dinilai melalui metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT), yang mengungkapkan tutupan karang 'baik' sebesar 51%, didominasi oleh Acropora submassive (ACS), Acropora branching (ACB), dan Coral branching (CB). Tingkat sedimentasi berkisar dari 6,26 hingga 33,92 mg/cm²/hari, dengan dampak yang dikategorikan dari ringan hingga sedang dan sedang hingga berat. Analisis menegaskan pengaruh sedimentasi terhadap kehidupan terumbu karang. Meskipun penting untuk strategi pengelolaan, studi jangka panjang yang melacak struktur dan fungsi terumbu karang dalam menanggapi masukan sedimen masih kurang. Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pemulihan terumbu karang setelah paparan sedimen sangat penting.
Microzonasi Perubahan Garis pantai Akibat Pengaruh Rip Current di Pantai Kota Bani Bengkulu
Authors: Supiyati Supiyati , Johan Septi , Suwarsono Suwarsono , Putri Hestyna Eka 
Published: August 2024

The coastal of Kota Bani in Bengkulu is directly connected to the Indian Ocean, which has strong waves and currents that have the potential for rip currents. Recently, Kota Bani coast has experienced rapid shoreline changes caused by abrasion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify rip current generating parameters, microzonation mapping of shoreline changes and its relationship with the potential zone of rip current occurrence at Kota Bani Coast, Bengkulu. The methods used in this study were in situ measurement of rip current generating parameters and identification of rip current using drone photos and USGS data to see shoreline changes. Analysis was done descriptively and quantitatively. Based on the research results, the type of breaking wave found at Kota Bani Coast is the plunging type with an irribaren value of 0.3 - 2.3. The potential for rip current occurs more in the west season than in the first transitional season. Rip current speeds of 3 m/s in the west season and 2.2 m/s in the first transitional season. Based on photo data of the coastline from the USGS for 10 years, the abrasion zone experienced a total coastline setback of 149.9 meters and in the non-abrasion zone experienced a total coastline increase (sedimentation) of 113.3 meters, with an average per year. Pantai Kota Bani Bengkulu Utara berhubungan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia yang memiliki gelombang dan arus kuat yang memiliki potensi kemunculan rip current. Akhir-akhir ini Pantai kota Bani mengalami perubahan garis pantai yang sangat cepat yang disebabkan abrasi. Oleh sebab itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi parameter pembangkit rip current, pemetaan microzonasi perubahan garis pantai dan hubungannya dengan zona potensi rip current di Pantai Kota Bani Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengukuran in situ parameter pembangkit rip current dan identifikasi rip current menggunakan foto drone serta data USGS utuk melihat perubahan garis pantai. Analisis dilakukan secara diskriptif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh tipe gelombang pecah yang terdapat di Pantai Kota Bani yaitu tipe plunging dengan nilai irribaren 0,3 - 2,3. Potensi kemunculan rip current lebih banyak terjadi pada musim barat dibandingkan musim peralihan I. Kecepatan rip current pada musim barat 3 m/s dan pada musim peralihan I 2,2 m/s. Berdasarkan data foto garis pantai dari USGS selama 10 tahun zona terabrasi terjadi total kemunduran garis pantai 149,9 meter dan pada zona tidak terabrasi mengalami total kemajuan garis pantai (sedimentasi) 113,3 meter, dengan rata-rata perubahan garis pantai per tahun 3,7 m. Zona abrasi dan tidak terabrasi sama-sama berpotensi munculnya rip current, akan tetapi kemunculan rip current lebih banyak pada zona terabrasi, hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa rip current menjadi salah satu faktor mempercepat terjadinya abrasi di Pantai Kota Bani.