bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Time–Intensity Evaluation System for Consumers: Measuring Bitterness and Retronasal Aroma of Coffee Beverages in 106 Untrained Panelists
Authors: Gotow Naomi , Moritani Ami , Hayakawa Yoshinobu , Akutagawa Akihito , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Kobayakawa Tatsu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to develop products that are acceptable to consumers, it is necessary to incorporate consumers’ intentions into products’ characteristics. Therefore, investigation of consumers’ perceptions of the taste or smell of common beverages provides information that should be useful in predicting market responses. In this study, we sought to develop a time–intensity evaluation system for consumer panels. Using our system, we performed time–intensity evaluation of flavor attributes (bitterness and retronasal aroma) that consumers perceived after swallowing a coffee beverage. Additionally, we developed quantitative evaluation methods for determining whether consumer panelists can properly perform time–intensity evaluation. In every trial, we fitted an exponential function to measured intensity data for bitterness and retronasal aroma. The correlation coefficients between measured time–intensity data and the fitted exponential curves were greater than 0.8 in about 90% of trials, indicating that we had successfully developed a time–intensity system for use with consumer panelists, even after just a single training trial using a nontrained consumer. We classified participants into two groups based on their consumption of canned coffee beverages. Significant difference was observed in only AUC of sensory modality (bitterness compared with retronasal aroma) among conventional TI parameters using two‐way ANOVA. However, three‐way ANOVA including a time course revealed significant difference between bitterness and retronasal aroma in the high‐consumption group. Moreover, the high‐consumption group more easily discriminated between bitterness and retronasal aroma than the low‐consumption group. This finding implied that manufacturers should select consumer panelists who are suitable for their concepts of new products.
International Regulations ofPropolisQuality: Required Assays do not Necessarily Reflect their Polyphenolic‐RelatedIn VitroActivities
Authors: Bridi Raquel , Montenegro Gloria , Nuñez‐Quijada Gabriel , Giordano Ady , Fernanda Morán‐Romero Maria , Jara‐Pezoa Isaac , Speisky Hernán , Atala Elias , López‐Alarcón Camilo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPropolishas been proposed as a polyphenolic‐rich natural product potentially able to be used for human consumption or even for medicinal proposes. To guarantee a minimum phenolic and flavonoid content and as consequence of their related‐biological activities, international requirements ofpropolisquality are commonly applied. In this work we assessed phenolic and flavonoid contents ofpropolis; the antioxidant capacity (toward peroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid); the ability to generate nitric oxide (NO); and, finally the antimicrobial activity of 6propolissamples from the VI region of Chile. Our results show that the total phenolic and flavonoid content ofpropolissamples are not always in agreement with their polyphenolic‐associatedin vitroactivities. For example, P03 and P06 samples showed the lowest (25 ± 4 GAE/gpropolis) and the highest (105 ± 3 GAE/gpropolis) total phenolic content, respectively. This was in agreement with flavonoid content and their Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) activity. However, this dependence was not observed toward HOCl, NO release and antimicrobial activity. Based on our results, we consider that, in order to guarantee the antioxidant or antimicrobialin vitroeffects, the international regulations ofpropolisquality should contemplate the convenience of incorporating other simple analytical test such as ORAC or antimicrobial tests.
Antioxidant Activity of Oxygen Evolving Enhancer Protein 1 Purified from Capsosiphon fulvescens
Authors: Kim Eun‐Young , Choi Youn Hee , Lee Jung Im , Kim In‐Hye , Nam Taek‐Jeong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of a protein purified from Capsosiphon fulvescens. The purification steps included sodium acetate (pH 6) extraction and diethylaminoethyl‐cellulose, reversed phase Shodex C4P‐50 column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that the molecular weight of the purified protein was 33 kDa. The N‐terminus and partial peptide amino acid sequence of this protein was identical to the sequence of oxygen evolving enhancer (OEE) 1 protein. The antioxidant activity of the OEE 1 was determined in vitro using a scavenging test with 4 types of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). OEE 1 had higher H2O2 scavenging activity, which proved to be the result of enzymatic antioxidants rather than nonenzymatic antioxidants. In addition, OEE 1 showed less H2O2‐mediated ROS formation in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that OEE 1 purified from C. fulvescens is an excellent antioxidant.
Optimization of Low Sodium Salts Mix for Shoestring Potatoes
Authors: Pereira Heverton Carrara , de Souza Vanessa Rios , Azevedo Natália Csizmar , Rodrigues Daniela Maria , Nunes Cleiton Antônio , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have shown the close relationship between the sodium consumption and health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the demand for products with reduced sodium content, but with sensory quality, is increasing every day. In this context, this study aimed to optimize a low sodium salts mix using sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and monosodium glutamate to the development of shoestring potatoes with low sodium content and high sensory quality, through mixture design and response surface methodology. The salts mix that promotes the same salting power and similar sensory acceptability that the shoestring potatoes with 1.6% sodium chloride (ideal concentration) and at the same time promotes the greatest possible reduction of sodium, about 65%, should provide the composition as follows: 0.48% of sodium chloride, 0.92% of potassium chloride, and 0.43% of monosodium glutamate.
Combined Effect of Thermosonication and Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water to Reduce Foodborne Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms on Fresh‐cut Kale
Authors: Mansur Ahmad Rois , Oh Deog‐Hwan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of individual treatments (thermosonication [TS+DW] and slightly acidic electrolyzed water [SAcEW]) and their combination on reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and spoilage microorganisms (total bacterial counts [TBC], Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold counts [YMC]) on fresh‐cut kale. For comparison, the antimicrobial efficacies of sodium chlorite (SC; 100 mg/L) and sodium hypochlorite (SH; 100 mg/L) were also evaluated. Each 10 g sample of kale leaves was inoculated to contain approximately 6 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 or L. monocytogenes. Each inoculated or uninoculated samples was then dip treated with deionized water (DW; control), TS+DW, and SAcEW at various treatment conditions (temperature, physicochemical properties, and time) to assess the efficacy of each individual treatment. The efficacy of TS+DW or SAcEW was enhanced at 40 °C for 3 min, with an acoustic energy density of 400 W/L for TS+DW and available chlorine concentration of 5 mg/L for SAcEW. At 40 °C for 3 min, combined treatment of thermosonication 400 W/L and SAcEW 5 mg/L (TS+SAcEW) was more effective in reducing microorganisms compared to the individual treatments (SAcEW, SC, SH, and TS+DW) and combined treatments (TS+SC and TS+SH), which significantly (P < 0.05) reduced E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, TBC, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and YMC by 3.32, 3.11, 3.97, 3.66, 3.62, and >3.24 log CFU/g, respectively. The results suggest that the combined treatment of TS+SAcEW has the potential as a decontamination process in fresh‐cut industry.
Species Diversity and Pheno‐ and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Staphylococci Isolated from Retail Ground Meats
Authors: Guran Husnu Sahan , Kahya Serpil 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe presence and species diversity of staphylococci in 250 ground beef and lamb meat samples obtained from Diyarbakir, Turkey were investigated. The presence of the 16S rRNA gene, mecA, nuc, pvl, and femA was analyzed by multiplex PCR. Pheno‐ and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 208 staphylococci isolates were established. Of the ground beef and ground lamb samples, 86.4% and 62.4% were positive for staphylococci, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, S. lentus, S. pasteuri, S. warneri, S. intermedius, and S. vitulinus made up 40.8%, 28.8%, 11%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 2.4%, 2.4%, and 2.4% of isolates, respectively. Of the 85 S. aureus isolates, 40%, 47%, and 5.8% carried femA, mecA, and pvl, respectively, whereas the corresponding rates for the 118 coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) were 0%, 10.1%, and 0%, respectively. We determined from the 208 isolates, the highest antibiotic resistances were to tetracycline and oxytetracycline (85.5%), followed by penicillin (51.4%), novobiocin (45.6%), ampicillin (39.9%), and doxycycline (31.7%), using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Inst. (CLSI) method. All isolates were sensitive to gentamycin, ofloxacin, and tobramycin, but 2.3% of the S. aureus isolates had resistance to vancomycin. The staphylococci isolates carried tet(K), blaZ, tet(L), tet(W), cat, tet(S), tet(M), ermB, ermA, and ermC antibiotic resistance genes at rates of 59%, 51.7%, 36.9%, 31.8%, 27.2%, 27.2%, 24.4%, 18.1%, 7.9%, and 3.9%, respectively.
The Effect of Proanthocyanidins on Growth and Alcoholic Fermentation of Wine Yeast under Copper Stress
Authors: Jia Bo , Liu Xingyan , Zhan Jicheng , Li Jingyuan , Huang Weidong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProanthocyanidins (PAs) derived from the grape skin, as well as from grape seeds, grape stems, are an important group of polyphenols in wine. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of PAs (0.1, 1.0 g/L) on growth and alcoholic fermentation of 2 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commercial strain FREDDO and newly selected strain BH8) during copper‐stress fermentation, using a simple model fermentation system. Our results showed that both PAs and Cu2+ could pose significant inhibition effects on the growth of yeast cells, CO2 release, sugar consumption, and ethanol production during the initial phase of the fermentation. Compared to PAs, Cu2+ performed more obvious inhibition on the yeast growth and fermentation. However, adding 1.0 g/L PAs increased in the vitality and metabolism activity of yeast cells at the mid‐exponential phase of fermentation in the mediums with no copper and 0.1 mM Cu2+ added, shortened the period of wine fermentation, and decreased the copper residues. It indicated that PAs could improve the ability of wine yeast to resist detrimental effects under copper‐stress fermentation condition, maintaining cells metabolic activity, and fermentation could be controlled by manipulating PAs supplementation.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Moderate Heat to Inactivate Pressure‐Resistant Bacteria in Water‐Boiled Salted Duck
Authors: Ye Keping , Feng Yulin , Wang Kai , Bai Yun , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure combined with moderate heat to inactivate pressure‐resistant bacteria in water‐boiled salted duck meat (WBSDM), and to establish suitable procedures to improve the quality of WBSDM. The conditions (300 MPa/60 °C, 400 MPa/60 °C, and 500 MPa/50 °C) effectively inactivated the pressure‐resistant bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus warneri) in WBSDM. Although more pressure‐resistant than S. warneri, the above treatment conditions inactivated B. cereus more than 107 CFU/mL in buffer, and more than 106 CFU/g in WBSDM, and did not cause any changes in color, texture, or moisture content of products. The interaction between pressure and temperature is a more significant factor than only pressure in inactivating both B. cereus and S. warneri, the treatment of WBSDM at 400 MPa/ 60 °C/ 10 min is the most practical condition for postprocess of WBSDM after cooking.
The effect of position on esophageal structure and function determined with solid‐state high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Zhang Xiu Jing , Xiang Xue Lian , Tu Lei , Xie Xiao Ping , Hou Xiao Hua 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of posture on the anatomy and function of esophageal sphincters using solid‐state high‐resolution manometry.MethodsFifty individuals underwent esophageal manometry with a 36‐channel solid‐state catheter in the supine and upright positions. The length and pressure of the esophageal sphincters, as well as the esophageal and intra‐abdominal lengths of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), were recorded. The residual pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and the 4‐s integrated relaxation pressure were also measured when the participants swallowed 10 consecutive servings of water (5 mL each). The Bland–Altman plot was used to assess agreement between these parameters in the supine and upright positions.ResultsThe LES resting pressure was significantly decreased in the upright position compared with the supine position (13.85 ± 5.90 mmHg vs 18.09 ± 7.80 mmHg, P = 0.000). Weaker integrated relaxation pressures were observed when the participants were in the upright position (5.66 ± 3.33 mmHg vs 7.80 ± 3.25 mmHg, P = 0.000). Compared with the supine position, the upright esophageal length was longer (P = 0.004) and the upper border of the LES was lower (P = 0.050) when the individuals were in the upright position. The agreement between the two positions was acceptable for the esophageal length, LES upper border location and LES pressure measurements.ConclusionsBody position exerts a greater influence on the LES than on the UES. Thus, it is necessary to establish normal values for the LES basal pressure and residual pressure in different positions.
Overcoming limitations of modelling rare species by using ensembles of small models
Authors: Breiner Frank T. , Guisan Antoine , Bergamini Ariel , Nobis Michael P. 
Published: May 2015

SummarySpecies distribution models (SDMs) have become a standard tool in ecology and applied conservation biology. Modelling rare and threatened species is particularly important for conservation purposes. However, modelling rare species is difficult because the combination of few occurrences and many predictor variables easily leads to model overfitting. A new strategy using ensembles of small models was recently developed in an attempt to overcome this limitation of rare species modelling and has been tested successfully for only a single species so far. Here, we aim to test the approach more comprehensively on a large number of species including a transferability assessment.For each species, numerous small (here bivariate) models were calibrated, evaluated and averaged to an ensemble weighted byAUCscores. These ‘ensembles of small models’ (ESMs) were compared to standardSDMs using three commonly used modelling techniques (GLM,GBMand Maxent) and their ensemble prediction. We tested 107 rare and under‐sampled plant species of conservation concern in Switzerland.We show thatESMs performed significantly better than standardSDMs. The rarer the species, the more pronounced the effects were.ESMs were also superior to standardSDMs and their ensemble when they were evaluated using a transferability assessment.By averaging simple small models to an ensemble,ESMs avoid overfitting without losing explanatory power through reducing the number of predictor variables. They further improve the reliability of species distribution models, especially for rare species, and thus help to overcome limitations of modelling rare species.
Discrete choice modelling of natal dispersal: ‘Choosing’ where to breed from a finite set of available areas
Authors: Vardakis Michalis , Goos Peter , Adriaensen Frank , Matthysen Erik 
Published: May 2015

SummaryClassic natal dispersal studies focus mainly on distance travelled. Although distances capture some of the main selective pressures related to dispersal, this approach cannot easily incorporate the properties of the actual destination vs. the available alternatives. Recently, movement ecology studies have addressed questions on movement decisions in relation to availability of resources and/or availability of suitable habitats through the use of discrete choice models (DCMs), a widely used type of models within econometrics, which explains individual choices as a function of the properties of a finite number of alternatives.In this contribution, we show how the dispersal discrete choice model (DDCM) can be used for analysing natal dispersal data in patchy environments given that the natal and the breeding area of the disperser are observed. We test this method using a case study on Great Tits (Parus major) in an archipelago of small woodlots.Our results show thatDDCMs are able to capture the results of classic distance‐based approaches and simultaneously allow testing hypotheses on how departure and settlement are affected by variables that characterize the disperser, the natal patch and the breeding area, as well as their interactions.DDCMs can be applied to any other species and system that uses some form of discrete breeding location or a certain degree of discretization can be applied.
The prevalence and predictors of type two diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and comparative meta‐analysis
Authors: Stubbs B. , Vancampfort D. , De Hert M. , Mitchell A. J. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta‐analysis investigating the prevalence of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with schizophrenia compared to controls.MethodSystematic review of electronic databases from inception till November 2014. Articles reporting the prevalence of T2DM in people with schizophrenia and healthy controls (without mental illness) were included. Two independent authors conducted searches and extracted data. A random effects relative risks (RR) meta‐analysis was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐five studies including 145 718 individuals with schizophrenia (22.5–54.4 years) and 4 343 407 controls were included. The prevalence of T2DM in people with schizophrenia was 9.5% (95% CI = 7.0–12.8, n = 145 718) and 10.75% (95% CI 7.44–14.5%, n = 2698) in studies capturing T2DM according to recognized criteria. The pooled RR across all studies was 1.82 (95% CI = 1.56–2.13; = 4 489 125). Subgroup analyses found a RR of 2.53 (95% CI = 1.68–3.799, n = 17 727) in studies ascertaining T2DM according to recognized criteria and RR 1.65 (95% CI = 1.34–2.03, n = 4 243 389) in studies relying on T2DM determined through medical records.ConclusionPeople with schizophrenia are at least double the risk of developing T2DM according to recognized T2DM criteria. Proactive lifestyle and screening programmes should be given clinical priority.
Patatin‐like phospholipase 3 (rs738409) gene polymorphism is associated with increased liver enzymes in obese adolescents and metabolic syndrome in all ages
Authors: Mangge H. , Baumgartner B. G. , Zelzer S. , Prüller F. , Schnedl W. J. , Reininghaus E. Z. , Haybaeck J. , Lackner C. , Stauber R. , Aigner E. , Weghuber D. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundObesity is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the patatin‐like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 (Ile148Met, C>G) gene polymorphism is one of the most important genetic determinants of NAFLD. Carriers have been reported to better respond to lifestyle modification.AimTo investigate the effect of rs738409 on overweight/obese adolescents and adults with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐eight overweight/obese and 209 normal weight participants of the STYJOBS/EDECTA cohort (NCT00482924) were analysed for PNPLA3 genotypes.ResultsCompared to overweight/obese without MetS, in overweight/obese study participants with MetS, the presence of the G allele (148Met) was significantly higher (CC: 5.0% vs. 9.2%, Spearman's correlation, 0.12; P = 0.038). Persons with CG (heterozygote for the risk allele) and with GG (homozygote for the risk allele) genotypes showed significantly higher ALT levels than those with CC genotypes. Even young individuals aged below 20 years had significantly increased ALT levels if they were homozygote with the G allele.ConclusionsThe PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism is associated already in youths with increased ALT, and is more frequent in obese with MetS of all ages. Hence, overweight/obese rs738409 carriers should be identified early in life and treated with a rigorous life style intervention.
Thiopurine methyltransferase and treatment outcome in the UK acute lymphoblastic leukaemia trial ALL2003
Authors: Lennard Lynne , Cartwright Cher S. , Wade Rachel , Vora Ajay 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe influence of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype on treatment outcome was investigated in the United Kingdom childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia trial ALL2003, a trial in which treatment intensity was adjusted based on minimal residual disease (MRD). TPMT genotype was measured in 2387 patients (76% of trial entrants): 2190 were homozygous wild‐type, 189 were heterozygous for low activity TPMT alleles (166 TPMT*1/*3A, 19 TPMT*1/*3C, 3 TPMT*1/*2 and 1 TPMT*1/*9) and 8 were TPMT deficient. In contrast to the preceding trial ALL97, there was no difference in event‐free survival (EFS) between the TPMT genotypes. The 5‐year EFS for heterozygous TPMT*1/*3A patients was the same in both trials (88%), but for the homozygous wild‐type TPMT*1/*1 patients, EFS improved from 80% in ALL97% to 88% in ALL2003. Importantly, the unexplained worse outcome for heterozygous TPMT*1/*3C patients observed in ALL97 (5‐year EFS 53%) was not seen in ALL2003 (5‐year EFS 94%). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis the only significant factor affecting EFS was MRD status (hazard ratio for high‐risk MRD patients 4·22, 95% confidence interval 2·97–5·99, P < 0·0001). In conclusion, refinements in risk stratification and treatment have reduced the influence of TPMT genotype on treatment outcome in a contemporary protocol.