bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylation dynamics and stoichiometry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Weinert Brian T. , Iesmantavicius Vytautas , Moustafa Tarek , Schölz Christian , Wagner Sebastian A. , Magnes Christoph , Zechner Rudolf , Choudhary Chunaram 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLysine acetylation is a frequently occurring posttranslational modification; however, little is known about the origin and regulation of most sites. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze acetylation dynamics and stoichiometry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that acetylation accumulated in growth‐arrested cells in a manner that depended on acetyl‐CoA generation in distinct subcellular compartments. Mitochondrial acetylation levels correlated with acetyl‐CoA concentration in vivo and acetyl‐CoA acetylated lysine residues nonenzymatically in vitro. We developed a method to estimate acetylation stoichiometry and found that the vast majority of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic acetylation had a very low stoichiometry. However, mitochondrial acetylation occurred at a significantly higher basal level than cytoplasmic acetylation, consistent with the distinct acetylation dynamics and higher acetyl‐CoA concentration in mitochondria. High stoichiometry acetylation occurred mostly on histones, proteins present in histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase complexes, and on transcription factors. These data show that a majority of acetylation occurs at very low levels in exponentially growing yeast and is uniformly affected by exposure to acetyl‐CoA.
Numerical modeling of three‐phase dissolution of underground cavities using a diffuse interface model
Authors: Luo H. , Laouafa F. , Guo J. , Quintard M. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYNatural evaporite dissolution in the subsurface can lead to cavities having critical dimensions in the sense of mechanical stability. Geomechanical effects may be significant for people and infrastructures because the underground dissolution may lead to subsidence or collapse (sinkholes). The knowledge of the cavity evolution in space and time is thus crucial in many cases. In this paper, we describe the use of a local nonequilibrium diffuse interface model for solving dissolution problems involving multimoving interfaces within three phases, that is, solid–liquid–gas as found in superficial aquifers and karsts. This paper generalizes developments achieved in the fluid–solid case, that is, the saturated case [1]. On one hand, a local nonequilibrium dissolution porous medium theory allows to describe the solid–liquid interface as a diffuse layer characterized by the evolution of a phase indicator (e.g., porosity). On the other hand, the liquid–gas interface evolution is computed using a classical porous medium two‐phase flow model involving a phase saturation, that is, generalized Darcy's laws. Such a diffuse interface model formulation is suitable for the implementation of a finite element or finite volume numerical model on a fixed grid without an explicit treatment of the interface movement. A numerical model has been implemented using a finite volume formulation with adaptive meshing (e.g., adaptive mesh refinement), which improves significantly the computational efficiency and accuracy because fine gridding may be attached to the dissolution front. Finally, some examples of three‐phase dissolution problems including density effects are also provided to illustrate the interest of the proposed theoretical and numerical framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for abnormal placentation and adverse pregnancy outcomes with maternal serum biomarkers in the second trimester
Authors: Goetzinger Katherine R. , Odibo Anthony O. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSecond trimester biomarkers were initially introduced with the intent of screening for neural tube defects and then subsequently for Down syndrome. It was soon realized that these markers can be indirect evidence of abnormal placentation and, therefore, can be used for screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Several new biomarkers have subsequently been described with conflicting findings regarding their efficiency for screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although a biologically feasible mechanism has been proposed for the role of these biomarkers, they still fall short of an ideal screening test to be clinically useful. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma System Evaluation in Developing Countries: Applicability of American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) Basic Criteria
Authors: Latifi Rifat , Ziemba Michelle , Leppäniemi Ari , Dasho Erion , Dogjani Agron , Shatri Zhaneta , Kociraj Agim , Oldashi Fatos , Shosha Lida 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundTrauma continues to be a major health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing world, with high mortality and morbidity. Yet most developing countries lack an organized trauma system. Furthermore, developing countries do not have in place any accreditation process for trauma centers; thus, no accepted standard assessment tools exist to evaluate their trauma services.AimThe aims of this study were to evaluate the trauma system in Albania, using the basic trauma criteria of the American College of Surgeons/Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) as assessment tools, and to provide the Government with a situational analysis relative to these criteria.Materials and methodsWe used the ACS/COT basic criteria as assessment tools to evaluate the trauma system in Albania. We conducted a series of semi‐structured interviews, unstructured interviews, and focus groups with all stakeholders at the Ministry of Health, at the University Trauma Hospital (UTH) based in Tirana (the capital city), and at ten regional hospitals across the country.ResultsAlbania has a dedicated national trauma center that serves as the only tertiary center, plus ten regional hospitals that provide some trauma care. However, overall, its trauma system is in need of major reforms involving all essential elements in order to meet the basic requirements of a structured trauma system.ConclusionThe ACS/COT basic criteria can be used as assessment tools to evaluate trauma care in developing countries. Further studies are needed in other developing countries to validate the applicability of these criteria.
Limited Potential for Prevention of Emergency Surgery for Femoral Hernia
Authors: Dahlstrand Ursula , Sandblom Gabriel , Wollert Staffan , Gunnarsson Ulf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundFemoral hernias are frequently operated on as an emergency. Emergency procedures for femoral hernia are associated with an almost tenfold increase in postoperative mortality, while no increase is seen for elective procedures, compared with a background population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare whether symptoms from femoral hernias and healthcare contacts prior to surgery differ between patients who have elective and patients who have emergency surgery.MethodsA total of 1,967 individuals operated on for a femoral hernia over 1997–2006 were sent a questionnaire on symptoms experienced and contact with the healthcare system prior to surgery for their hernia. Answers were matched with data from the Swedish Hernia Register.ResultsA total of 1,441 (73.3 %) patients responded. Awareness of their hernia prior to surgery was denied by 53.3 % (231/433) of those who underwent an emergency procedure. Of the emergency operated patients, 31.3 % (135/432) negated symptoms in the affected groin prior to surgery and 22.2 % (96/432) had neither groin nor other symptoms. Elective patients had a considerably higher contact frequency with their general practitioner, as well as the surgical outpatient department, prior to surgery compared with patients undergoing emergency surgery (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients who have elective and patients who have emergency femoral hernia surgery differ in previous symptoms and healthcare contacts. Patients who need emergency surgery are often unaware of their hernia and frequently completely asymptomatic prior to incarceration. Early diagnosis and expedient surgery is warranted, but the lack of symptoms hinders earlier detection and intervention in most cases.
Initiation and developmental dynamics of Wfs1 expression in the context of neural differentiation and ER stress in mouse forebrain
Authors: Tekko Triin , Lilleväli Kersti , Luuk Hendrik , Sütt Silva , Truu Laura , Örd Tiit , Möls Märt , Vasar Eero 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWolframin (Wfs1) is a membrane glycoprotein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In pancreas Wfs1 attenuates unfolded protein response (UPR) and protects cells from apoptosis. Loss of Wfs1 function results in Wolfram syndrome (OMIM 222300) characterized by early‐onset diabetes mellitus, progressive optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, deafness, and psychiatric disorders. Similarly, Wfs1−/− mice exhibit diabetes and increased basal anxiety. In the adult central nervous system Wfs1 is prominent in central extended amygdala, striatum and hippocampus, brain structures largely involved in behavioral adaptation of the organism. Here, we describe the initiation pattern of Wfs1 expression in mouse forebrain using mRNA in situ hybridization and compare it with Synaptophysin (Syp1), a gene encoding synaptic vesicle protein widely used as neuronal differentiation marker. We show that the expression of Wfs1 starts during late embryonic development in the dorsal striatum and amygdala, then expands broadly at birth, possessing several transitory regions during maturation. Syp1 expression precedes Wfs1 and it is remarkably upregulated during the period of Wfs1 expression initiation and maturation, suggesting relationship between neural activation and Wfs1 expression. Using in situ hybridization and quantitative real‐time PCR we show that UPR‐related genes (Grp78, Grp94, and Chop) display dynamic expression in the perinatal brain when Wfs1 is initiated and their expression pattern is not altered in the brain lacking functional Wfs1.
Increasing access to legal termination of pregnancy and postabortion contraception at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Macha Swebby , Muyuni Mutinta , Nkonde Scholastica , Faúndes Anibal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Zambian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics is one of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) member societies participating in the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences from the East, Central, and Southern Africa region. The activities included in this country's plan of action were to provide access to safe abortion within the full extent of the law to women receiving care at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, and to increase the proportion of women leaving the hospital with a contraceptive method. Zambian law regarding abortion is liberal, but in general it was not applied until very recently. The proportion of legal terminations of pregnancy among patients receiving abortion care at the hospital increased from 3.2% in 2009 to 7.7% in 2011, while the percentage of women leaving the hospital with a contraceptive method increased from 25.3% to 69.4% over the same period.
Achievements of the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences in South‐Southeast Asia
Authors: Zaidi Shahida , Begum Ferdousi , Tank Jaydeep , Chaudhury Pushpa , Yasmin Haleema , Dissanayake Mangala 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSince 2008, the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences has contributed to ensuring the substitution of sharp curettage by manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion in selected hospitals in participating countries of South‐Southeast Asia. This initiative facilitated the registration of misoprostol in Pakistan and Bangladesh, and the approval of mifepristone for “menstrual regulation” in Bangladesh. The Pakistan Nursing Council agreed to include MVA and medical abortion in the midwifery curriculum. The Bangladesh Government has approved the training of nurses and paramedics in the use of MVA to treat incomplete abortion in selected cases. The Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, in collaboration with partners, has presented a draft petition to the relevant authorities appealing for them to liberalize the abortion law in cases of rape and incest or when lethal congenital abnormalities are present. Significantly, the initiative has introduced or strengthened the provision of postabortion contraception.
Replacement of dilation and curettage/evacuation by manual vacuum aspiration and medical abortion, and the introduction of postabortion contraception in Pakistan
Authors: Zaidi Shahida , Yasmin Haleema , Hassan Lubna , Khakwani Mehnaz , Sami Shehla , Abbas Tazeen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractManual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion were introduced to replace dilation and curettage/evacuation for incomplete abortions, and postabortion contraception was provided in 5 selected public hospitals in Pakistan. In the largest hospital, an Ipas MVA training center since 2007, MVA use reached 21% in 2008. After the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and UNFPA provided MVA kits, MVA use increased dramatically to 70% − 90% in 2010 − 2013. In 2 of the remaining 4 hospitals in which the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Pakistan trained doctors in May 2012 and January 2013, the target of having 50% of women managed by MVA and medical abortion (MA) was met; however, in the third hospital only 43% were treated with MVA and MA. In the fourth hospital, where misoprostol and electric vacuum aspiration use was 64% and 9%, respectively, before training, an MVA workshop introduced the technique. Postabortion contraception was provided to 9% − 29% of women, far below the target of 60%.
NEW INFINITE FAMILIES OF CONGRUENCES MODULO 4 AND 8 FOR 1-SHELL TOTALLY SYMMETRIC PLANE PARTITIONS
Authors: YAO OLIVIA X. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn 2012, Blecher [‘Geometry for totally symmetric plane partitions (TSPPs) with self-conjugate main diagonal’,Util. Math. 88(2012), 223–235] introduced a special class of totally symmetric plane partitions, called$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1$-shell totally symmetric plane partitions. Let$f(n)$denote the number of$1$-shell totally symmetric plane partitions of weight$n$. More recently, Hirschhorn and Sellers [‘Arithmetic properties of 1-shell totally symmetric plane partitions’,Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.to appear. Published online 27 September 2013] discovered a number of arithmetic properties satisfied by$f(n)$. In this paper, employing some results due to Cui and Gu [‘Arithmetic properties of$l$-regular partitions’,Adv. Appl. Math. 51(2013), 507–523], and Hirschhorn and Sellers, we prove several new infinite families of congruences modulo 4 and 8 for$1$-shell totally symmetric plane partitions. For example, we find that, for$n\geq 0$and$\alpha \geq 1$,$$\begin{equation*} f(8 \times 5^{2\alpha } n+39\times 5^{2\alpha -1})\equiv 0 \pmod 8. \end{equation*}$$
Chikungunya virus and West Nile virus infections imported into Belgium, 2007–2012
Authors: VAN DEN BOSSCHE D. , CNOPS L. , MEERSMAN K. , DOMINGO C. , VAN GOMPEL A. , VAN ESBROECK M. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYArboviral infections are emerging among tourists travelling to (sub)tropical regions. This study aims to describe the importation of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) into Belgium over a 6-year period from 2007 to 2012. Clinical samples were obtained from travellers presenting at the outpatient clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium or submitted to the Central Laboratory for Clinical Biology of the ITM. Testing was performed by serology and/or by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. A total of 1288 returning travellers were investigated for CHIKV infection resulting in 34 confirmed and two probable diagnoses (2·80%). Out of 899 patients, four confirmed and one probable imported WNV infections were diagnosed (0·55%). No locally acquired cases have been registered in Belgium until now and the geographical origin of the imported infections reflects the global locations where the viruses are circulating.
Implementation and Validation of Multisinusoidal, Fast Impedance Measurements in Atomic Force Microscope Contact Mode
Authors: Zieliński Artur , Darowicki Kazimierz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach to impedance measurements. The methodology discussed is limited to contact in the sample-probe system under ambient conditions without the presence of electrolyte. Comparison with results of direct and alternating current measurements for well-defined metallic surfaces are made. In spite of idealization related to the type of contact examined, the proposed technique provides an improvement of traditional impedance measurement related to sequential changes in system perturbation compared with the sine wave superposition type.
Zur Konstruktvalidität der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit in einer computergestützten Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung für Kinder (KITAP)
Authors: Schöneck Nina , Gest Stephanie , Schölmerich Axel 
Published: April 2014

Die Fähigkeit zur selektiven Aufmerksamkeit hat eine hohe Relevanz für die psychosoziale Entwicklung von Kindern. Durch die Analyse der Testergebnisse von N = 467 Kindern (52 % Jungen) im Alter von 7 bis 10 Jahren (M = 105.23 Monate; SD = 5.87) in den Subtests Go/NoGo und Ablenkbarkeit der KITAP werden statistische Zusammenhänge dargestellt. Zudem werden Annahmen aus einer theoretischen Perspektive bezüglich selektiver Aufmerksamkeit in der KITAP überprüft. Insgesamt ist es nicht gelungen eine Modellspezifikation selektiver Aufmerksamkeit darzustellen, die die vorliegenden Daten angemessen repräsentiert. Eine exploratorische Faktorenanalyse ergab drei Faktoren (Leistungsgeschwindigkeit, Leistungsgüte und Interferenzeffekt) mit einer Varianzaufklärung von 45 %. Zudem wurden Alters- und Geschlechtsunterschiede gefunden. Die Reliabilitätskennwerte sind mit denen in der Normstichprobe vergleichbar und können nur teilweise als befriedigend eingestuft werden. Folgerungen für die differenzierte Interpretation der beiden KITAP-Subtests werden diskutiert.
Genetic Fuzzy System Predicting Contractile Reactivity Patterns of Small Arteries
Authors: Tang J , Sheykhzade M , Clausen BF , Boonen HCM 
Published: April 2014

Monitoring of physiological surrogate end points in drug development generates dynamic time‐domain data reflecting the state of the biological system. Conventional data analysis often reduces the information in these data by extracting specific data points, thereby discarding potentially useful information. We developed a genetic fuzzy system (GFS) algorithm that is capable of learning all information in time‐domain physiological data. Data on isometric force development of isolated small arteries were used as a framework for developing and optimizing a GFS. GFS performance was improved by several strategies. Results show that optimized fuzzy systems (OFSs) predict contractile reactivity of arteries accurately. In addition, OFSs identified significant differences that were undetectable using conventional analysis in the responses of arteries between groups. We concluded that OFSs may be used in clustering or classification tasks as aids in the objective identification or prediction of dynamic physiological behavior.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e108; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.3; published online 2 April 2014
Protein aggregation can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis by chaperone competition
Authors: Yu Anan , Shibata Yoko , Shah Bijal , Calamini Barbara , Lo Donald C. , Morimoto Richard I. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The aggregation of mutant proteins is pathologically implicated in a large number of neuropathies, including Huntington disease and ALS. Although the appearance of protein aggregates is known to sequester other proteins, how this results in the gain-of-function toxicity in these diseases is unclear. Here, we show that the aggregation of disease-associated proteins causes the reversible collapse of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and inhibits the internalization of membrane receptors that affect neuronal function. CME inhibition occurs through aggregate-mediated sequestration of the molecular chaperone heat shock cognate protein 70, which is essential for CME. We propose that a toxic “tug-of-war” occurs between aggregates and endogenous client proteins for available chaperones, leading to the collapse of multiple cellular processes in neurodegeneration and other protein conformation diseases.
SQUID–SIMS is a useful approach to uncover primary signals in the Archean sulfur cycle
Authors: Fischer Woodward W. , Fike David A. , Johnson Jena E. , Raub Timothy D. , Guan Yunbin , Kirschvink Joseph L. , Eiler John M. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceA challenge to understanding ancient sulfur-cycle processes on early Earth is the persistent observation that postdepositional processes have affected all Archean-age rocks, impacting geochemical signals, and the quality of paleoenvironmental interpretations. To solve this problem we developed a combination of texture-specific microscale techniques—scanning high-resolution low-temperature superconducting quantum interference device microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. We applied these techniques in a well-studied Archean-age sedimentary succession in South Africa to unravel the mineralization and isotopic history and reveal primary sulfur-cycle processes. We observed systematic patterns of isotope ratios at microscopic scales that inform the nature of enigmatic sulfur-isotope mass anomalies unique to this time interval and further support hypotheses for the early evolution of sulfate-reduction metabolisms.
Functional Analysis of the Hydrophilic Loop in Intracellular Trafficking of Arabidopsis PIN-FORMED Proteins
Authors: Ganguly Anindya , Park Minho , Kesawat Mahipal Singh , Cho Hyung-Taeg 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Different PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) contribute to intercellular and intracellular auxin transport, depending on their distinctive subcellular localizations. Arabidopsis thaliana PINs with a long hydrophilic loop (HL) (PIN1 to PIN4 and PIN7; long PINs) localize predominantly to the plasma membrane (PM), whereas short PINs (PIN5 and PIN8) localize predominantly to internal compartments. However, the subcellular localization of the short PINs has been observed mostly for PINs ectopically expressed in different cell types, and the role of the HL in PIN trafficking remains unclear. Here, we tested whether a long PIN-HL can provide its original molecular cues to a short PIN by transplanting the HL. The transplanted long PIN2-HL was sufficient for phosphorylation and PM trafficking of the chimeric PIN5:PIN2-HL but failed to provide the characteristic polarity of PIN2. Unlike previous observations, PIN5 showed clear PM localization in diverse cell types where PIN5 is natively or ectopically expressed and even polar PM localization in one cell type. Furthermore, in the root epidermis, the subcellular localization of PIN5 switched from PM to internal compartments according to the developmental stage. Our results suggest that the long PIN-HL is partially modular for the trafficking behavior of PINs and that the intracellular trafficking of PIN is plastic depending on cell type and developmental stage.