bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity in Sadajira Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Germplasm
Authors: Islam MZ , Siddique MA , Rashid ESMH , Ahmed MS , Khalequzzaman M 
Published: August 2014

Genetic diversity of 40 traditional Bangladeshi rice genotypes was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster VI contained the highest number of genotypes (18) and the clusters I and II contained the lowest (1). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster IV and lowest for cluster VI. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV, followed by cluster I and II, cluster I and III and the lowest between cluster III and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on canonical vector analysis, panicle number per plant and 1000 grain weight had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, filled grains panicle-1 and grain breadth were obtained from cluster VI. The highest means for plant height, flag leaf area, unfilled grains panicle-1, harvest index and the lowest growth duration were found in cluster I, while the lowest mean value for yield, grain length, 1000 grain weight, plant height and highest mean value for days to flowering and maturity were found in cluster II. The crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster VI and cluster II, cluster VI and cluster V would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. Therefore, more emphasis should be given for selection of the genotypes from clusters I, VI and V for future breeding program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19576The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 26-32
Naturally Occurring Dominant Drug Resistance Mutations Occur Infrequently in the Setting of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C
Authors: Applegate Tanya L , Gaudieri Silvana , Plauzolles Anne , Chopra Abha , Grebely Jason , Lucas Michaela , Hellard Margaret , Luciani Fabio , Dore Gregory J , Matthews Gail V 
Published: August 2014

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are predicted to transform hepatitis C therapy, yet little is known about the prevalence of naturally occurring resistance mutations in recently acquired HCV. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and frequency of drug resistance mutations in the viral quasispecies among HIV-positive and -negative individuals with recent HCV. Methods The NS3 protease, NS5A and NS5B polymerase genes were amplified from 50 genotype 1a participants of the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C. Amino acid variations at sites known to be associated with possible drug resistance were analysed by ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Results A total of 12% of individuals harboured dominant resistance mutations, while 36% demonstrated non-dominant resistant variants below that detectable by bulk sequencing (that is, <20%) but above a threshold of 1%. Resistance variants (<1%) were observed at most sites associated with DAA resistance from all classes, with the exception of sofosbuvir. Conclusions Dominant resistant mutations were uncommonly observed in the setting of recent HCV. However, low-level mutations to all DAA classes were observed by deep sequencing at the majority of sites and in most individuals. The significance of these variants and impact on future treatment options remains to be determined. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00192569.
Long-Term Survival and Liver-Related Events after Pegylated Interferon/Ribavirin Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Labarga Pablo , Fernández-Montero José V , de Mendoza Carmen , Barreiro Pablo , Soriano Vincent 
Published: August 2014

Background Sustained HCV clearance after hepatitis C therapy is associated with reduced liver-related complications and death. It is unknown if treatment may provide any clinical benefit in patients that fail therapy. This could be particularly relevant in HIV–HCV-coinfected patients, in whom liver disease progresses more rapidly. Methods This was a retrospective study of clinical end points in a large cohort of HIV–HCV-coinfected patients with compensated liver disease followed since 2004. Patients were stratified into three groups: treated and cured, treatment failures and non-treated. Follow-up ended at the time of last visit, first liver decompensation event or death. Results A total of 527 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients were examined, of whom 339 (64.3%) had been treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. During a mean follow-up of 70.5 months, hepatic decompensation events or liver-related deaths occurred less frequently in cured patients (4/138; 2.9%) than in treatment failures (28/201; 13.9%) or untreated (25/188; 13.3%) patients ( P<0.001). Interestingly, in the subset of patients with baseline advanced liver fibrosis (Metavir F3–F4), those with treatment failure experienced less hepatic decompensation events or deaths than untreated patients (19% versus 42%; P=0.005) and this finding was more pronounced in patients harbouring IL28B-CC alleles (15.8% versus 47.4%; P=0.02). Conclusions Sustained HCV clearance following pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy is associated with a reduced incidence of liver complications and death in HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. In the subset of patients with baseline advanced liver fibrosis, treatment provides clinical benefit despite lack of sustained virological response. The transient antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory effect of interferon, more recognizable in IL28B-CC carriers, could explain this finding.
Kivalina at the Supreme Court: A Lost Opportunity for Federal Common Law
Authors: Manus Peter 
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the status of federal common law in the wake of the Supreme Court's May, 2013 denial of petitioners' writ of certiorari in Native Village of Kivalina v. Exxonmobil. A close reading of Supreme Court and recent appellate decisions on federal common law as applied to transboundary pollution reveals three views on the availability and function of federal common law where a federal statute addresses a category of environmental harms: presumptive displacement of federal common law when a federal statute creates a regulatory approach, presumptive coexistence of federal statutory and common law where a federal statute does not provide relief for injuries alleged under common law, and case-by-case balancing of the interfering effect of federal common law against the injuries left unaddressed by federal statutory law. The Court’s current approach resides somewhere between presumptive displacement and case-by-case balancing, and although the Court offers various rationales for this approach in its latest federal common law opinion, the most convincing of these is that cases involving transboundary pollution, particularly those alleging global warming-induced injury, are cumbersome for federal courts to handle as common law matters. Allocation of judicial resources is within the Supreme Court's discretion to consider in rejecting a case, but it is a far more pragmatic than principled rationale, and thus less than satisfying as a court’s primary reason for denying relief. A more principled approach, advocated by Justices Stevens and Blackmun in dissents to two key federal common law cases, is that the displacement analysis should begin with the premise that the judicial system aims, first and foremost, to compensate the injured, and that a federal common law claim should be displaced only where the legislative-regulatory regime covering the subject of a common law claim directly addresses the injury alleged under common law.
PROJEÇÕES DE CONSUMO DE MADEIRA COM FINS ENERGÉTICOS PARA SECAGEM DE GRÃOS NA REGIÃO DE GUARAPUAVA, PR
Authors: Dresch André Ramos , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Junior Romano Timofeiczyk , Schaitza Erich 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo principal deste artigo foi avaliar a capacidade potencial da indústria madeireira em atender às necessidades da secagem dos grãos produzidos na região de Guarapuava em florestas plantadas de eucalipto voltadas à produção de energia a partir de sua biomassa. Sob a ótica metodológica, a pesquisa caracterizou-se pela natureza aplicada, enfoque quantitativo e caráter explicativo e por estar fundamentada nos princípios de cadeias produtivas e de demanda derivada. Os resultados indicaram que normalmente os plantios energéticos de eucalipto na região apresentam produtividade de 40 m³/ha/ano. Os grãos de milho, soja, trigo e cevada passam por processos de secagem na região. Utiliza-se 0,0574 m³ de madeira de eucalipto para secar uma tonelada de milho, 0,0218 m³ por tonelada de soja, 0,0224 m³ por tonelada de trigo e 0,0258 m³ por tonelada de cevada. Estimou-se que, entre os anos de 2012 e 2022, a área total necessária para atender a secagem desses grãos pode variar entre 1.947 e 4.800 ha, com média entre 177 ha e 436,4 ha, conforme o cenário analisado. Os resultados indicam a necessidade da integração dos plantios florestais de eucalipto às cadeias produtivas agrícolas, visando ao atendimento das necessidades de secagem de grãos da região.Palavras-chave: Produção florestal; energia da biomassa; secagem de grãos. AbstractProjections of wood consumption for energy purposes of grain drying in the region of Guarapuava-PR. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the potential capacity of the wood industry to cater the grain drying facilities in the region of Guarapuava, based on areas of eucalyptus plantations aimed at producing wood for energy purposes. Methodologically, this research is characterized by its applied nature, quantitative focus and explanatory character; it is also based on the principles of derived demand and supply chains. The results indicated that eucalyptus plantations for energy purposes in the region have produced 40 m³/ha of wood per year. The grains of maize, soybeans, wheat and barley are dried in grain dryers in the region. In general, the drying process uses 0.0574 m³ of eucalyptus to dry one ton of maize, 0.0218 m³ per ton of soybeans, 0.0224 m³ per ton of wheat, and 0.0258 m³ per ton of barley. Between years 2012 to 2022 the total area required to meet the drying of grains can vary between 1946.7 and 4799.9 ha, an average of 177 to 436.4 ha, depending on the scenario. It is important to integrate the eucalyptus plantations to the agricultural production chain seeking to meet the needs of grain drying in the region.Keywords: Guarapuava region; wood for energy purposes; eucalyptus forests.
SPECTRORADIOMETRY OF COMMERCIAL WOOD VENEERS IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA
Authors: Belmonte Lippert Diogo , Paim Benedetti Ana Caroline , Soares Pereira Rudiney , Sabadi Schuh Mateus , Mesquita Nunes Matheus , Kervald Lucas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the spectral response in ten commercial wood veneers from ten forest species, in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Reflectance of samples was obtained using a Field Spec®3 spectroradiometer. Results were verified through the analysis of variance followed by a Tukey range test on multiple means, which showed significant differences in both the analyzed spectral regions for the studied species. The most expressive differences were observed in the visible region and occurred between the “tauari” and “nogueira” wood veneers. Those results may be due to the chemical properties of the analyzed material, to the cellulose content, to the proportion of the components in the cell wall and to the extractives in the lumen, to microfibril angle, density and to resistance and stiffness properties. Therefore, the applied technique was a tool capable to identify reflectance variations in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which correspond to peculiar colorimetric characteristics of each species.Keywords: Spectroscopy; reflectance, spectral signature, wood veneers. ResumoEspectrorradiometria no visível e no infravermelho próximo de lâminas de madeiras comerciais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a resposta espectral na região do visível e no infravermelho próximo do espectro eletromagnético em laminas de madeiras de dez espécies florestais. As reflectâncias das amostras foram obtidas através do espectrorradiômetro Field Spec®3. Os resultados foram verificados por meio de análise de variância seguido do teste de múltiplas médias de Tukey, demonstrando existir diferenças significativas em ambas regiões do espectro eletromagnético nas espécies em estudo. As distinções de maior expressividade foram observadas na região do visível e ocorreram entre as laminas de madeira de tauari e nogueira. Essas respostas podem ser atribuídas às propriedades químicas do material investigado, bem como o teor de celulose, a proporção dos componentes presentes na parede celular e dos extrativos presentes no lume, à densidade, ângulo microfibrilar e às propriedades de resistência e rigidez. Dessa forma, a técnica empregada mostra-se como uma ferramenta capaz de registrar em regiões do espectro eletromagnético variações da reflectância que respondem à características colorimétricas peculiares de cada espécie.Palavras-chave: Espectroscopia; reflectância; assinatura espectral; lâminas de madeira.
VIABILIDADE DE PROJETOS FLORESTAIS EM TRÊS REGIMES DE MANEJO NA MESORREGIÃO CENTRO-ORIENTAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Folmann William Tomaz , Miranda Gabriel de Magalhães , Dias Andrea Nogueira , Moro Fernando de Camargo , Quevedo Fernandez Maria Laura 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica de projetos florestais de Pinus taeda L. com base em dados de uma empresa florestal localizada no estado do Paraná. A análise de rentabilidade foi feita contemplando oito projetos, subdivididos em três diferentes regimes de manejo, localizados na mesorregião centro-oriental do Paraná. A viabilidade econômica foi avaliada por meio de Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), Valor Periódico Equivalente (VPE) e Valor Esperado da Terra (VET), calculados com base no fluxo de caixa de cada projeto, utilizando-se a taxa de juros real de 6,75% ao ano. Os volumes utilizados foram obtidos de acordo com os sortimentos adotados para a espécie no Paraná, e os custos foram obtidos junto ao setor de planejamento da empresa. Os preços de venda da madeira em pé utilizados na análise foram oriundos do preço médio de mercado no estado, de acordo com o sortimento. O regime de manejo que apresentou melhores resultados foi o multiple use, com VPL de R$ 2.606,32; TIR de 10,2%; VPE de R$ 241,26 e VET de R$ 4.193,39.Palavras-chave: Rentabilidade; economia florestal; indicadores de viabilidade econômica. AbstractViability of forest projects in three management regime in the center-oriental region of Parana State. The objective of this research was to analyze the economic viability of the forest projects of Pinus taeda based on data from a forest enterprise located on the Parana State. The profit analyze was developed contemplating eight projects, subdivided in three different management regime, located in the Center-Oriental region of the Parana State. The economic viability was evaluated based on the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Return Rate (IRR), Periodic Equivalent Value (PEV) and the Soil Expected Value (SEV), determined by cash flow, with a real interest rate of 6.75% per year. The volumes used were described based on assortment used for the species in Paraná, and the costs were from the planning department of the enterprise. The selling price of the stand-up wood used in the analyze was obtained by the average market price in the state, according to the assortment. The management regime that presented the best results was the multiple use, with NPV of R$2,606.32; IRR of 10.2%; PEV of R$241.26 and SEV of R$4,193.39.Keywords: Profit; forest economy; economic viability indicators.
ATIVIDADES DEGRADATIVAS DE CELULOSE E DE FENÓIS POR FUNGOS ISOLADOS DE ACÍCULAS DE Pinus taeda
Authors: Auer Celso Garcia , Amaro Tania , Pimentel Ida Chapaval , Dalzoto Patrícia Do Rocio 
Published: August 2014

Oito fungos isolados de acículas de Pinus taeda em decomposição, da região de Três Barras, SC, Brasil, foram analisados quanto ao potencial de degradarem celulose e lignina. Utilizou-se a técnica de coloração com vermelho congo em meio carboximetilcelulose-ágar (CMCA) para a presença de celulase, e o teste de Bavendamm em meio extrato de malte-ácido tânico-ágar (EMATA) para a presença de fenoloxidase. Aspergillus sp. e Cladosporium sp. produziram maior atividade em meio CMCA, enquanto que Trichoderma sp., Pestalotia sp., Exophiala sp. e Phomopsis sp. produziram maior atividade em meio EMATA. Os fungos Stachybotrys sp. e Rhizopus sp. se desenvolveram em CMCA e EMATA, mas não apresentaram atividade, indicando que não possuem capacidade para degradar celulose ou fenóis em acículas de pínus.Palavras-chave: Decomposição; fisiologia de fungos; serapilheira. AbstractDegradative activities of cellulose and phenols by fungi isolated from Pinus taeda needles. Eight fungi isolated from Pinus taeda needles under decomposition, from Três Barras region, SC, Brazil, were analyzed in relation to their ability to degrade cellulose and lignin. The staining technique employed congo red on carboxymethylcellulose-agar (CMCA) for cellulose and the Bavendamm test employed malt extract-tanic acid-agar (EMATA) for phenol oxidase. Aspergillus sp. and Cladosporium sp. produced higher activity in CMCA environment, while Trichoderma sp., Pestalotia sp., Exophiala sp. and Phomopsis sp. produced higher activity in EMATA environment. The fungi Stachybotrys sp. and Rhizopus sp. developed in CMCA and EMATA environment, but without noticeable activities, which indicates inability in order to degrade cellulose or phenols in pine needles.Keywords: Decomposition; fungal physiology; litter.
BIOMASS AND CARBON IN NON-WOODY VEGETATION, DEAD WOOD AND LITTER IN IGUAÇU NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Pinto Caciane , Melo Luiz Antônio Nunes 
Published: August 2014

This study was carried out in 2004 in Iguacu National Park (INP), Paraná-Brazil. The vegetation is composed of Araucaria Forest (AF) (13.1%) and Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (FES) (86.9%). Two types of materials were analyzed: litter (L) and woody material (W) (alive (A) and dead (D)), and classified by diameter: W1(0–0.70 cm), W2(0.71–2.5 cm), W3(2.51–7.50 cm), and W4(³7.5 cm). The results for the FES was 21.7 t/ha, with 42.4% in diameter class WD4 (8.98 t/ha) and 38.6% was litter (8.17 t/ha). The FOM was 12.87 t/ha, with 78.9% litter. The carbon stocks of the materials varied between 36.2% and 42.1% (for litter and WD4), both in the FES. There were no significant differences between the carbon stocks of the forest types. Rather differences existed between the pools (5% ANOVA and Tukey test). In the FES the carbon stock was 8.29 t/ha, which is equivalent to 30.41 tCO2e/ha, and in the FOM the stock was 4.94t/ha or 18.12 tCO2e/ha. For the vegetation types the carbon stock in INP was 8.35 tC/ha and 30.62 tCO2e/ha for the FES and FOM, respectively. The carbon pools analyzed in this study contribute significantly to the total carbon stock of a forest ecosystem and should always be taken into consideration when developing estimates for a forest.Keywords: Araucaria; Seasonal Semideciduous Forest; Araucaria Forest; climate change; carbon fraction. ResumoBiomassa e carbono na vegetação não arbórea, madeira morta e serapilheira no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. O trabalho ocorreu em 2004 no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), Paraná. O PNI tem Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) (13,1%) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) (86,9%). Foram analisados L – serapilheira e W – materiais lenhosos (vivos – A e mortos – D), classificados pelos diâmetros: W1 (0 a 0,70 cm), W2 (0,71 a 2,5 cm), W3 (2,51 a 7,50 cm) e W4 (³7,51 cm). Os resultados da FES mostram 21,7 t.ha-1, sendo 42,4% do WD4 (8,98 t.ha-1) e 38,6% da serapilheira (8,17 t.ha-1). Na FOM, foram 12,87 t.ha-1 (78,9%) da serapilheira. Os teores de carbono dos materiais variaram de 36,2 a 42,1% (para serapilheira e WD4), ambos na FES. Não houve diferenças significativas nos teores de carbono, havendo diferença nos compartimentos (5% ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Na FES, o estoque de carbono foi 8,29 t.ha-1, correspondendo a 30,41 tCO2e.ha-1, e na FOM de 4,94 tC.ha-1 e 18,12 tCO2e.ha-1. Para as fitofisionomias, o estoque de C no INP foi de 8,35 tC.ha-1 e 30,62 tCO2e.ha-1. Os reservatórios de C analisados no estudo apresentam participação importante no estoque total de C do ecossistema florestal, devendo sempre serem considerados quando do desenvolvimento de estimativas para a floresta.Palavras-chave: Araucária; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; Floresta Ombrófila Mista; mudanças climáticas; teor de carbono.
INFLUÊNCIA DA GEOMETRIA DOS DENTES DAS LÂMINAS DE SERRA DE FITA NA QUALIDADE E PRODUTIVIDADE DA MADEIRA SERRADA
Authors: Carmo Jair Figueiredo , Latorraca João Vicente de Figueiredo , Rocha Marcio Pereira da , Brito Edvá Oliveira 
Published: August 2014

ResumoEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de dois modelos de dentes de lâmina de serra fita, durante o processamento mecânico de toras de Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho) e Dipteryx odorata (cumaru). A pesquisa levou em consideração aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos avaliados durante o desdobro de toras das duas espécies utilizando-se dois modelos de dentes de serra, modelo tradicional e modelo Senai. As variáveis que definiram a qualidade e a produtividade da madeira serrada, para ambos os modelos de dentes, foram, respectivamente, o desvio de corte e a velocidade de avanço do carro porta-tora. Os resultados mostraram que, para o modelo de dente denominado SENAI (MS), ganhos consideráveis em produtividade foram obtidos apenas para a espécie Erisma uncinatum. Essa vantagem não foi observada quando as toras processadas foram da espécie Dipteryx odorata, devido à consequente redução da velocidade de avanço. Em termos qualitativos, os ganhos obtidos com o modelo proposto foram observados para as duas espécies de madeira processada, com maior ênfase para madeira de cedrinho. Considerando esses resultados, o modelo Senai (MS) foi o mais recomendado para as condições de desdobro empregado, uma vez ter demonstrado ser o mais efetivo em termos de rendimento e, especialmente, qualidade de corte.Palavra-chave: Processamento mecânico de toras; ângulos de corte; velocidade de avanço. AbstractInfluence of geometry of the band-saw blades teeth in lumber quality and productivity. This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of two tooth models of band-saw blades, during log mechanical processing of Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho) and Dipteryx odorata (cumuru) using two types of sawtooth models: traditional model and Senai model. The research focused qualitative and quantitative aspects, evaluated during the sawing of the two species. The variables that define sawn wood quality and productivity, for both tooth models, were, respectively, the cut deviation, and the advancement velocity of log porter car. The results revealed that the “SENAI (MS)” tooth model has considerable productivity gains, only for de Erisma uncinatum specie. These advantages were not observed for the Dipteryx odorata species processed logs, due to consequent advancement velocity reduction. In qualitative terms, gains with the considered model could be observed for the two processed species, with emphasis for the medium density species. Considering the results, the Senai model (MS) was the most recommended for the applied sawing conditions, once the results demonstrated more qualitative effectiveness.Keywords: Mechanical processing of logs; cutting angles; feed rate.