bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing the surface piezoelectricity effect of the smart ZnO sandwich nanoplates using metal foam core layer and GPRL reinforced rim layers
Authors: Eroğlu Mustafa , Esen İsmail , Koç Mehmet 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This work examines the vibration characteristics of a sandwich nanosensor plate. The plate comprises a core material of nickel foams, with zinc oxide layers on the top and bottom and a rim layer reinforced with graphene. The study takes into account the surface effect. The study employed the innovative sinusoidal higher-order deformation theory and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory. Hamilton's principle obtained the equations governing the motion of a sandwich nanoplate. The Navier method was employed to solve these equations. The sandwich nanosensor plate consists of three different foam variants: a uniform foam model and two symmetric foam models. The work focused on analyzing the sandwich nanoplate's dimensionless fundamental natural frequencies. This investigation examined the impact of three different types of foam, the volumetric ratio of graphene, variations in temperature, nonlocal factors, the ratio of foam void, and electric potential. Additionally, the effect of the presence or absence of surface effects of the sandwich nanoplate on the non-dimensional fundamental natural frequencies was analyzed. Within this context, it was established that the buckling temperature of the nanoplate exhibited an estimated increase of 0.7% due to the surface effect. The research is expected to produce useful discoveries concerning developing and applying nanosensors, transducers, and nanoelectromechanical systems designed to function in high-temperature conditions. It has been noted that the surface impact can be diminished by increasing the stiffness of the foam core layer and supporting rim layers.
Single-nucleus multiomics reveals the disrupted regulatory programs in three brain regions of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhao Zhongming , Liu Andi , Citu Citu , Enduru Nitesh , Chen Xian , Manuel Astrid , Sinha Tirthankar , Gorski Damian , Fernandes Brisa , Yu Meifang , Schulz Paul , Simon Lukas , Soto Claudio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (sEOAD) represents a significant but less-studied subtype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we generated a single-nucleus multiome atlas derived from the postmortem prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus of nine individuals with or without sEOAD. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to delineate cell type-specific transcriptomic changes and linked candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) across brain regions. We prioritized seven conservative transcription factors in glial cells in multiple brain regions, including RFX4 in astrocytes and IKZF1 in microglia, which are implicated in regulating sEOAD-associated genes. Moreover, we identified the top 25 altered intercellular signaling between glial cells and neurons, highlighting their regulatory potential on gene expression in receiver cells. We reported 38 cCREs linked to sEOAD-associated genes overlapped with late-onset AD risk loci, and sEOAD cCREs enriched in neuropsychiatric disorder risk loci. This atlas helps dissect transcriptional and chromatin dynamics in sEOAD, providing a key resource for AD research.
The Impact of Comprehensive Physical Activities on the Physical Fitness, Personality and Mobile Phone Dependence of Female College Students
Authors: Zhang Zhilei , Liu Xiujuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study explores the impact of physical activity on the health and psychological well-being of female college students, focusing on the prevalent issues of sedentary lifestyles and mobile phone addiction. The objective was to assess the influence of a comprehensive physical activity program on physical fitness, mental health, and mobile phone usage patterns. Employing a cluster sampling method, 50 female students were divided into an experimental group (4 times a week of intervention) and a control group (1 time a week) over three months. The results showed significant improvements in the physical fitness of the experimental group, with increased vertical jump and sit-and-reach scores, and enhanced vital capacity. Psychologically, the intervention fostered resilience. Economically, it reduced mobile phone expenses and improved time management regarding phone usage. The conclusion emphasizes that regular physical activity can significantly benefit the health and resilience of female college students and promote more rational mobile phone use, providing a valuable strategy for the digital era.
Novel therapeutic targets for major depressive disorder related to oxidative stress identified by integrative multi-omics and multi-trait study
Authors: Zhu Gang , Shao Xiaojun , Wang Yuan , Wang Yuan , Liang Guangming , Zhu Xiaotong , Liu Lu , Meng Ming , Duan Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify genes related to both OS and MDD, and further to evaluate the utility of these genes as diagnostic markers and potential treatment targets. We searched datasets related to MDD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) also related to OS according to GeneCards. Bioinformatics analyses and machine learning algorithms were used to identify hub genes mediating OS–MDD interactions. A summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) approach was employed to identify possible causal genes for MDD from blood tissue eQLT data. These investigations identified 32 genes mediating OS–MDD interactions, while SMR analysis identified KCNE1 (OR = 1.057, 95%CI = 1.013–1.102, P = 0.010), MAPK3 (OR = 1.023, 95%CI = 1.004–1.043, P = 0.020), and STIP1 (OR = 0.792, 95%CI = 0.641–0.979, P = 0.031) as OS-related causal genes for MDD. These genes may thus serve as useful diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Now in Remission: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shi Charles W. , VanderMeer Thomas J. , Pudusseri Anita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with the majority of patients presenting at a late stage with unresectable or metastatic disease. Even with first line treatment, median survival is approximately 11 months in patients with advanced PDAC. This report details the unique case of a patient that presented with peritoneal metastases from an adenocarcinoma of the body of the pancreas, had a remarkable response to palliative chemotherapy and is alive without evidence of disease 12 months following cessation of all active treatment. The initial diagnosis was 4 years ago and extensive resection of the primary was completed 2 years ago. The patient was started on standard FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy regimen, completed 6 cycles, but stopped Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan due to neuropathy and fatigue, on November 5, 2020, and transitioned to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin. There was radiographic response and a notable decrease in tumor marker CA 19 − 9. On July 12, 2022 he underwent a multivisceral resection that included a radical anterograde modular pancreatico-splenectomy, partial gastrectomy, and splenic flexure colectomy with primary anastomosis due to tumor involvement of the posterior stomach and splenic flexure. Surgical pathology noted a moderately differentiated, grade 2 tumor staged ypT2 N0 M0. He continued the same adjuvant regimen of 5-FU and leucovorin for approximately 9 months with no new or recurrent disease on imaging. His CA 19 − 9 decreased within normal range after surgery and has remained within the normal limits. He remains on active surveillance. Overall, barring clear availability for targeted therapies, a metastatic PDAC of the tail may be considered to have a better prognosis than previously considered. FOLFIRINOX is the ideal treatment if the patient has a high-performance status, and PRODIGE 35 recommends 8 minimum cycles. However, in our case, the patient only tolerated 6 cycles and was still highly responsive. Despite a stage IV diagnosis, the primary tumor was resected in order to mitigate the risk for mutation and progression. Although rare, greater hope for patients with PDAC of the tail with favorable tumor biology responsive to FOLFIRINOX may contribute to increased surgical resection rates and improve survival rates.
Carbon dots employed for the detection of ranitidine and elaborating the detecting mechanism
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhao Jingwen , Long Yingying , Li Changsong , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) has been widely utilized in multiple fields, especially towards kinds of drug analyses, owing to its superior optical properties and satisfactory stability. Herein, we rapidly synthesized one kind of soluble bright-blue fluorescent CDs through a facile microwave method, while disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phosphoric acid served as the raw materials. Importantly, introducing ranitidine into these CDs resulted in its decreased fluorescence, and thus an innovative method of detecting ranitidine was successfully established, which showed the favorable selectivity and anti-interference ability. Moreover, with the optimal conditions, the standard curve of F0/F against concentrations of ranitidine exhibited the generally satisfactory linear range of 6-2000 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9833, and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 4.2 µM. Meanwhile, we also explored the detecting mechanism of ranitidine by CDs, and elaborated that as the internal filtration effect. Consequently, we may broaden the avenues of detecting ranitidine on the basis of CDs.
A novel Histogram Image Clustering Approach using Enhanced Firefly Algorithm with K-means and expanded exploitation of Aquila Optimizer
Authors: Dhal Krishna Gopal , Das Arunita , Galvez Jorge , Khurma Ruba Abu , Shah Mohd Asif , Mallik Saurav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

One of the most popular methods used in the field of image segmentation is K-means (KM). However, some limitations are presented, the computational time and the initialization process of the cluster centers. This study provides a Histogram-Based KM (HBKM) clustering approach that incorporates a modified Firefly Algorithm (FA) to overcome the KM drawbacks. In the histogram-based method, it is implemented considering grey-level histograms rather than image pixels. As a result, time complexity significantly decreases due to the number of grey levels employed. Moreover, the original KM initialization procedure is prone to be trapped in local optima. Consequently, the proposed approach can avoid this issue based on the exploitation and exploration mechanisms of the Aquila Optimizer (AO) method. A rigorous experimental analysis for comparing the performance of the proposed method against several state-of-art Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms (NIOAs) clustering approaches is conducted. According to the experimental study, the suggested method presents competitive results in terms of precision, uniformity, and robustness of the segmented outcomes contrasted to state-of-art NIOA-based clustering approaches.
Implementing "What Matters to You" in a Geriatric Care Pathway – a Researcher-In-Residence study:
Authors: Green Kieran , Asthana Sheena , Downey John , Ponce Oscar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background To help people with frailty develop adaptive strategies to maintain their sense of identity, integrity, and wellbeing, health and care services must respect what is important to them. Training healthcare practitioners to ask frail patients “What Matters to You” (WMTY) instead of “What is the matter with you?” at every clinical encounter is expected to enable person-centred care (PCC) and provide these benefits. Asking WMTY may reduce formal complaints, improve health outcomes, and staff wellbeing, promote more efficient healthcare delivery, and reduce service costs. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding what 'mattering' is and barriers to effectively implementing WMTY. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to implementing WMTY and its capacity to enhance meaning in life.Methods This Researcher-In-Residence (RiR) study embedded a researcher with clinical teams to facilitate learning and iterative feedback on WMTY implementation. All teams showed a willingness to integrate WMTY into their workflows. The researcher made handwritten notes with a participant observation tool in eight different locations (e.g., acute wards and community teams) and two matrons’ meetings; the observations were conducted for approximately 39 hours over nine months. The NASSS-CAT and Com/b frameworks facilitated qualitative data analysis.Results The study identifies that an every-encounter WMTY approach creates significance in the healthcare system rather than just aligning care plans with objects that matter to patients (e.g., loved ones, hobbies, home). It highlights that poor interoperability of hospital records hampers WMTY's effectiveness in guiding care plans. Additionally, illness-related challenging behaviours in reactive care settings may render WMTY inappropriate, necessitating tailored judgement calls based on patient and staff abilities.Conclusion Working culture and professional values may not always support PCC. Systems need better data capture to support a spectrum of structured person-centred conversations, from immediate functional goals to abstract discussions on Meaning in Life (MIL).
Thymoquinone Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Apatinib Against Gastrointestinal Tumors Through the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Jiawei , Zhu Dongliang , Xiao Qiuju , Fu Qian , Xu Yan , Zhu Bisheng , Liu Qisheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: To explore the synergistic antitumor activity and mechanism of thymoquinone in combination with apatinib.
Methods:Cell proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and cycle of thymoquinone were investigated by using the CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay, Transwell, qRT-PCR and Western blot. The anti-tumor activity of thymoquinone combined with apatinib was investigated by animal tests and immunohistochemistry based on subcutaneous xenografts models of gastric (GC) and colorectal (CRC) cancer cells.
Results:Apatinib inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC-27 (GC) and HCT116 (CRC) cells, blocked cycle progression, and suppressed the growth of transplanted tumors. Thymoquinone combined with apatinib inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HGC-27 and HCT116 cells, arrested cell cycle, and blocked the growth of transplanted tumors. Also, thymoquinone enhanced the antitumor activity of apatinib against gastrointestinal tumors via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Conclusion:Thymoquinone enhanced the antitumor activity of apatinib against gastrointestinal tumors, thereby inhibiting the growth of gastrointestinal tumors.
Establishment of an Ex Vivo Cartilage Degeneration Model by Combined Collagenase and Aggrecanase Treatment and Mechanical Loading
Authors: Wen Liru , Grad Sibylle , Creemers Laura B , Stoddart Martin James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a substantial need for ex vivo cartilage degeneration models to assess new emerging cartilage repair strategies. Ex vivo cartilage explant models have the advantages of achieving standardized and reproducible experimental conditions while maintaining the cells in their native tissue environment. This study aimed to establish a bovine cartilage degeneration model to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel cartilage repair therapies.
Methods
Bovine osteochondral plugs underwent a brief 5-minutes treatment with collagenase to induce mild cartilage degeneration by disrupting the collagen network. To induce a moderate cartilage degeneration, aggrecanase 1 and aggrecanase 2 were additionally applied to the cartilage for 40 minutes post-collagenase treatment to degrade aggrecan.
Results
Observations revealed sulphated glycosaminoglycan loss using both Collagenase Treatment and Collagenase and Aggrecanase Treatment, while chondrocyte viability was maintained. Both treatments resulted in acute inflammation during the initial two days, evidenced by elevated release of IL6 and nitric oxide. Collagenase treatment also increased Neo epitopes of aggrecan compared to the untreated plugs at day 7, suggesting endogenous aggrecanase activation by chondrocytes upon collagen network disruption. The additional effect of mechanical loading on cartilage degeneration was also explored. Mildly degenerated cartilage treated solely with collagenase could withstand 1 hour per day of cyclical load, at 10%-20% compression of cartilage thickness combined with interfacial shear. However, higher compression levels (20%-40% of cartilage thickness) with the same shear stress regimen led to necrosis of surface layer chondrocytes.
Conclusions
This study establishes a useful model for evaluating cartilage repair strategies, and screening anti-catabolic drugs, particularly overload-related osteoarthritis. Combining mild cartilage degeneration with mechanical loading can simulate different degrees of cartilage degeneration and hold potential as a valuable tool in preclinical research.
Glacier retreat induces contrasting shifts in bacterial biodiversity patterns in glacial lake water and sediments
Authors: Liu Keshao , Yan Qi , Guo Xuezi , Wang Wenqiang , Zhang Zhihao , Ji Mukan , Wang Feng , Liu Yongqin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Glacial lake ecosystems are experiencing rapid changes due to accelerated glacier retreat. As glaciers recede, their influence on downstream lakes diminishes, potentially affecting the biodiversity of glacial lake microbial communities. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding how bacterial biodiversity patterns in glacial lakes are altered by diminishing glacial influence. Here, we investigated shifts in bacterial communities from paired water and sediment samples collected from seven glacial lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, using a space-for-time substitution approach to understand the consequences of glacier retreat. Our findings reveal that bacterial diversity in lake water increases significantly with higher glacial influence index (GI), whereas sediment bacterial diversity exhibits a negative correlation with GI. Both water and sediment bacterial communities display significant structural shifts along the GI gradient. Notably, reduced glacial influence decreases the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks in lake water but enhances network complexity in sediments. This divergence in diversity and co-occurrence patterns highlights that water and sediment bacterial communities respond differently to changes in glacial influence over these lake ecosystems. This study provides insights into how diminishing glacial influence impacts the diversity and community structure of bacterial communities in glacial lake water and sediments, revealing contrasting patterns between the two environments. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring to understand the implications of glacier retreat on these fragile ecosystems.
Assess the reality of implementing the green supply chain management
Authors: Abd Zainab Mohammed , alsabbagh azzam , Jassim Nada 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The research aims to determine the size of the actual gap in green supply chain management in the General Company for Food Products / Detergent Production Directorate, which is represented by a set of dimensions (green purchasing, green design, green manufacturing, green marketing, reverse logistics), The research problem is represented by the environmental pressures exerted by the state, as well as to limit non-renewable resources and environmental pollution, and the high level of operation, which leads to an increase in environmental pollutants and the resulting waste, pollutants, and high costs borne by the company, which may increase and multiply in the future. The research adopted a case study approach to achieve the objectives of the study and reach the required scientific facts. The General Company for Food Products/Detergent Production Directorate was chosen as the spatial boundaries to conduct the study, and checklists were used to collect data to reach facts related to implementing the system and achieving the research objectives. Field experience, observation and discussion were also relied upon, and a number of statistical tools were used. To get the arithmetic mean. The results showed that there is a gap in the application of the dimensions of the green supply chain in the General Company for Food Products / Detergent Production Directorate, as it achieved (71.08%) of the total application rate, and this means that it is weak in most of its aspects.
Enhanced Small Defect Detection on PCBs Using Lightweight YOLOv5s with Hierarchical Clustering and Dynamic Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Zhou Zhuguo , Lu Yujun , Lv Liye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

An enhanced clustering technique integrated with the YOLOv5s model addresses the challenges of detecting small defect targets on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), which are often difficult to locate and prone to high false detection rates. Initially, the method improves the original K-means algorithm by employing a self-developed Hierarchical Density-Based K-means (HDBK-means) algorithm to re-cluster and generate anchor boxes better suited to PCB fault characteristics. Secondly, it replaces the Concentrated-Comprehensive Convolution (C3) module with a novel combination of the Reparameterized Normalized Cross-Stage Partial Efficient Layer Aggregation Network (RepNCSPELAN) module and Spatial and Channel Reconstruction Convolution (SCConv), reducing the model's computational cost without compromising accuracy. Furthermore, the network is enhanced with an adaptive feature selection module to boost its performance in recognizing small targets. Lastly, the GDFPN (Generalized Dynamic Feature Pyramid Network) is used to achieve information interaction across different scales. further enhancing the network's detection accuracy. Comparative studies were conducted on a public PCB dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a mAP (mean Average Precision) of 98.6%, an accuracy of 99.2%, a model size of 10.9M, and an FPS (Frames Per Second) of 138.1. Compared to the original model, the proposed algorithm improves the mAP by 3.8% and the Precision (P) by 2.9%, while reducing the model size by 20.4%, thus fulfilling the requirements for easy deployment.