bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langston Hughes: Fringe Modernism, Identity and Defying the Interrogator Witch-Hunter
Authors: SABER YOMNA 
Published: January 2015

Langston Hughes (1902–67), the wondering wandering poet, has left behind a rich legacy of books that never grow dusty on the shelves. There seems to be no path that Hughes left untrodden; he wrote drama, novels, short stories, two autobiographies, poetry, journalistic prose, an opera libretto, history, children's stories, and even lyrics for songs, in addition to his translations. Hughes was the first African American author to earn his living from writing and his career spans a long time, from the 1920s until the 1960s – he never stopped writing during this period. The Harlem Renaissance introduced prominent black writers who engraved their names in the American canon, such as Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer and Zora Neale Hurston, but Hughes markedly stands out for his artistic achievements and longer career. Hughes had been identified by many as the spokesperson for his race since his works dug deep into black life, and his innovative techniques embraced black dialect and the rhythms of black music. He captured the essence of black life with conspicuous sensitivity and polished his voice throughout four decades. His name also had long been tied to the politics of identity in America. Brooding over his position, Hughes chose to take pride in being black in a racist nation. In his case, the dialectics of identity are more complicated, as they encompass debates involving Africa, black nationalism and competing constructions surrounding a seeming authentic blackness, in addition to Du Bois's double consciousness. Critics still endeavour to decipher the many enigmas Hughes left unresolved, having been a private person and a controversial writer. His career continues to broach speculative questions concerning his closeted sexual orientation and his true political position. The beginning of the new millennium coincided with the centennial of his birth and heralded the advent of new well-researched scholarship on his life and works, including Emily Bernard's Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten, 1925–1964 (2001), Kate A. Baldwin's Beyond the Color Line and the Iron Curtain: Reading Encounters between Black and Red, 1922–1963 (2002), Anthony Dawahare's Nationalism, Marxism, and African American Literature between the Wars: A New Pandora's Box (2002), Bruce R. Schwartz's Langston Hughes: Working toward Salvation (2003), and John Edgar Tidwell and Cheryl R. Ragar's edited collection Montage of a Dream: The Art and Life of Langston Hughes (2007), among others.
“Forever Perverse, Queer, Askew”: Notes on Slavery and Resistance in African American Studies
Authors: MANN REGIS 
Published: January 2015

At a recent meeting of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), a host of plenaries and concurrent sessions theorized the politics of Emancipation as nonevent and the practice of historiography in the wake of the fiftieth anniversary of the March on Washington. Held in October 2013 in Jacksonville, Florida, the 98th Annual Meeting of ASALH attracted a record number of attendees, despite obstacles associated with the shutdown of the federal government, closures at a local airport, and increased mobilization in opposition to the state's controversial “Stand Your Ground” statutes. Indeed, rushing into one conference room a few minutes late, having just presented earlier that day myself, I was struck by the sheer number of scholars in the room, the palpable enthusiasm to get things under way. Then again, perhaps I shouldn't have been too surprised. Taking as its subject Shonda Rhimes's hit television show Scandal – the Season 3 premiere of which had aired only the night before – the panel stoked a range of interests: race and popular culture, matters of sexuality and desire, even the impeccable style of protagonist and professional “fixer” Olivia Pope (played by actress Kerry Washington). Titled “Crashing the Ol’ Boys Club: Interrogating Power and Representation in ABC's Scandal,” the discussion sutured fans and critics alike into a collective accounting for the effects of a nation's apparent seduction by the labyrinthine exploits of Pope, head of the foremost crisis-management firm in Washington, DC, and her paramour, white, married, Republican US President Fitzgerald Thomas Grant III (played by Tony Goldwyn).
An iron-based green approach to 1-h production of single-layer graphene oxide
Authors: Peng Li , Xu Zhen , Liu Zheng , Wei Yangyang , Sun Haiyan , Li Zheng , Zhao Xiaoli , Gao Chao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs a reliable and scalable precursor of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) is of great importance. However, the environmentally hazardous heavy metals and poisonous gases, explosion risk and long reaction times involved in the current synthesis methods of GO increase the production costs and hinder its real applications. Here we report an iron-based green strategy for the production of single-layer GO in 1 h. Using the strong oxidant K2FeO4, our approach not only avoids the introduction of polluting heavy metals and toxic gases in preparation and products but also enables the recycling of sulphuric acid, eliminating pollution. Our dried GO powder is highly soluble in water, in which it forms liquid crystals capable of being processed into macroscopic graphene fibres, films and aerogels. This green, safe, highly efficient and ultralow-cost approach paves the way to large-scale commercial applications of graphene.
Upward electrical discharges observed above Tropical Depression Dorian
Authors: Liu Ningyu , Spiva Nicholas , Dwyer Joseph R. , Rassoul Hamid K. , Free Dwayne , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObservation of upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms has been sporadically reported in the scientific literature. According to their terminal altitudes, they are classified as starters (20–30 km), jets (40–50 km) and gigantic jets (70–90 km). They not only have a significant impact on the occupied atmospheric volumes but also electrically couple different atmospheric regions. However, as they are rare and unpredictable, our knowledge of them has been built on observations that typically record only one type of such discharges. Here we report a close-distance observation of seven upward discharges including one starter, two jets and four gigantic jets above Tropical Depression Dorian. Our optical and electromagnetic data indicate that all events are of negative polarity, suggesting they are initiated in the same thundercloud charge region. The data also indicate that the lightning-like discharge channel can extend above thunderclouds by about 30 km, but the discharge does not emit low-frequency electromagnetic radiation as normal lightning.
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells: methods and application
Authors: Dash Biraja C. , Jiang Zhengxin , Suh Carol , Qyang Yibing 
Published: January 2015

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and the capability of differentiating into virtually every cell type in the human body make this field a ray of hope for vascular regenerative therapy and understanding of the disease mechanism. In the present review, we first discuss the recent iPSC technology and vascular smooth muscle development from an embryo and then examine different methodologies to derive VSMCs from iPSCs, and their applications in regenerative therapy and disease modelling.
Low‐leakage 4H‐SiC junction barrier Schottky rectifier with sandwich P‐type well
Authors: Wang Ying , Yu Cheng‐hao , Miao Zhi‐kun , Shan Ming‐guang 
Published: January 2015

4H‐SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) rectifier with sandwich P‐type well (SPW JBS) is investigated by simulation. For this structure, the top and bottom of P+ grids are replaced by low‐doped P (LDP) region based on the common JBS rectifier. The forward and reverse characteristics of SPW JBS rectifier have been compared with those of common JBS rectifier at different temperatures. The reverse current density of SPW JBS rectifier is about 2.4 × 10−5 times of common JBS rectifier at −800 V bias voltage. The upper LDP of SPW JBS is helpful to give a reduction in forward voltage drop. The spreading current and tunnelling current of SPW JBS rectifier are lower, because the depletion layer width in lower LDP is larger than that in P+ grid region at the same reverse voltage. As a result, the breakdown voltage of SPW JBS rectifier increases by 83.5% compared with that of common JBS rectifier. The on/off (1 V/ −500 V) current ratios of SPW JBS and common JBS rectifiers are 3.8 × 107 and 1.2 × 103, respectively. In addition, the figure of merit of SPW JBS rectifier is 347, which is two times larger than that of common JBS rectifier.
Hierarchical cultural values predict success and mortality in high-stakes teams
Authors: Anicich Eric M. , Swaab Roderick I. , Galinsky Adam D. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Functional accounts of hierarchy propose that hierarchy increases group coordination whereas dysfunctional accounts claim that hierarchy impairs performance by preventing low-ranking team members from voicing their perspectives. This research presents evidence for both accounts within the same dataset. Analysis of archival data from 30,625 Himalayan mountain climbers from 56 countries on 5,104 expeditions demonstrate that expeditions from countries with hierarchical cultural values had more climbers reach the summit, but also more climbers die along the way. Importantly, we established the role of group processes (i.e., coordination, psychological safety, information sharing) by showing that these effects occurred only for group, but not solo, expeditions. These results establish that endorsing cultural values related to hierarchy can simultaneously improve and undermine group performance.
Synergistic and antagonistic interactions between bednets and vaccines in the control of malaria
Authors: Artzy-Randrup Yael , Dobson Andrew P. , Pascual Mercedes 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceConventional wisdom assumes that integrating different malaria intervention approaches will always act synergistically for malaria control. The complex and transient nature of malaria immunity significantly underlies this optimistic assumption. Here we use a fully parameterized mathematical model to investigate the interaction of treated bednets with vaccination in the population dynamics of malaria. We demonstrate that mixed interventions create nonlinear responses that modify the way in which humans acquire clinical protection from malaria infection. Our results indicate that vaccines will not necessarily provide a straightforward solution to malaria control, and that future programs need to consider both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between vaccines and other control measures.
Probabilistic evaluation of integrating resource recovery into wastewater treatment to improve environmental sustainability
Authors: Wang Xu , McCarty Perry L. , Liu Junxin , Ren Nan-Qi , Lee Duu-Jong , Yu Han-Qing , Qian Yi , Qu Jiuhui 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Conventional methods used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) emphasizing removal of detrimental substances from wastewater are essential for protection of the aquatic environment and public health. However, they are associated with costs in terms of environmental problem shifting, such as energy consumption, solid waste production, and greenhouse gas emissions. An improved approach involving wastewater-derived resource recovery in WWTPs is recognized as one potential solution. However, the environmental impacts and benefits of such a substantial change remain uncertain. We conducted an integrated assessment of the net environmental benefits of this transition in WWTPs for more than 50 individual countries to determine how best to update current methods of wastewater treatment and facilitate sustainable WWTPs in various parts of the world.
Biomechanical basis of wing and haltere coordination in flies
Authors: Deora Tanvi , Singh Amit Kumar , Sane Sanjay P. 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceInsect wing movements must be both precise and fast. This requirement is especially challenging in smaller insects whose flapping frequencies exceed 100 Hz, because the nervous system cannot exercise stroke-by-stroke control at such rates. In flies, the hind wings have evolved into halteres, gyroscopic sense organs that oscillate exactly antiphase to wings. We show that wing–wing and wing–haltere coordination at high frequencies is mediated by passive biomechanical linkages in thorax. This system requires a clutch mechanism in the wing hinge to independently engage each wing with the vibrating thorax. Once the wings are engaged, the gearbox modulates the amplitude of each wing. Thus, the force transmission mechanism from thorax to wings in flies bears remarkable similarity to automobile transmission systems.
Structure, variation, and assembly of the root-associated microbiomes of rice
Authors: Edwards Joseph , Johnson Cameron , Santos-Medellín Christian , Lurie Eugene , Podishetty Natraj Kumar , Bhatnagar Srijak , Eisen Jonathan A. , Sundaresan Venkatesan 
Published: January 2015

SignificanceLand plants continuously contact beneficial, commensal, and pathogenic microbes in soil via their roots. There is limited knowledge as to how the totality of root-associated microbes (i.e., the microbiome) is shaped by various factors or its pattern of acquisition in the root. Using rice as a model, we show that there exist three different root niches hosting different microbial communities of eubacteria and methanogenic archaea. These microbial communities are affected by geographical location, soil source, host genotype, and cultivation practice. Dynamics of the colonization pattern for the root-associated microbiome across the three root niches provide evidence for rapid acquisition of root-associated microbiomes from soil, and support a multistep model wherein each root niche plays a selective role in microbiome assembly.
Social discounting involves modulation of neural value signals by temporoparietal junction
Authors: Strombach Tina , Weber Bernd , Hangebrauk Zsofia , Kenning Peter , Karipidis Iliana I. , Tobler Philippe N. , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: January 2015

Significance
People often consider the well-being of others. However, they are more likely to be generous toward individuals they feel close to than to those they only meet sporadically. Using neuroimaging tools, we show that the decline in generosity across social distance is realized by the interplay of two brain structures—the ventromedial prefrontal cortex coding the relative appeal of a selfish or a generous option, and the temporoparietal junction modulating appeal signals of the generous outcome, depending on social distance between participant and beneficiary. Based on these findings, we developed a biologically plausible model explaining social discounting in particular, and prosocial behavior in general. Our study opens up new avenues to understand and tackle frictions arising in social networks.
Mechanism of RNA polymerase II bypass of oxidative cyclopurine DNA lesions
Authors: Walmacq Celine , Wang Lanfeng , Chong Jenny , Scibelli Kathleen , Lubkowska Lucyna , Gnatt Averell , Brooks Philip J. , Wang Dong , Kashlev Mikhail 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Cyclopurines are bulky oxidative DNA lesions that strongly block RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to interfere with gene transcription and replication in mammalian cells. Cells developed a mechanism enabling slow transcriptional bypass of the cyclopurines. Similar to translesion synthesis by DNA polymerases, lesion bypass by Pol II can be highly mutagenic, leading to transcription errors that are reminiscent of the A rule. We elucidated the mechanism and determined the domain in Pol II responsible for error-free and error-prone lesion bypass. We also identified a positive role of mammalian factor TFIIF in lesion-bypass stimulation. Strikingly, Pol II uses a similar strategy for negotiation with different DNA lesions, such as cyclopurines, pyrimidine dimers, cisplatin, and abasic sites, to reduce the burden of DNA damage on genome stability.
Endostatin: A novel inhibitor of androgen receptor function in prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Joo Hyoung , Isayeva Tatyana , Larson Matthew R. , Sawant Anandi , Cha Ha-Ram , Chanda Diptiman , Chesnokov Igor N. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Despite the development of second-generation androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the effects are only modest, compelling the need for novel therapy combinations that can maximize the antitumor effects of new-generation chemotherapies with minimal acquired resistance, attributed to AR modifications. The present study identified that endostatin (ES), known for its antiangiogenic properties on tumor vasculature, exerts a profound antiproliferative effect on AR-positive human PCa cells. By a systematic approach involving a combination of in situ, cell-free, yeast-two hybrid, structural modeling, and mutagenesis studies, we determined that intracellular trafficking of ES in AR-positive PCa cells leads to a direct interaction with AR in the cytosol, affecting the transcriptional activation of AR target genes.
Galactose metabolic genes in yeast respond to a ratio of galactose and glucose
Authors: Escalante-Chong Renan , Savir Yonatan , Carroll Sean M. , Ingraham John B. , Wang Jue , Marx Christopher J. , Springer Michael 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Almost all biological systems need to respond to multiple simultaneous inputs. In yeast catabolite repression, a textbook model for signaling integration, the preferred carbohydrate glucose is thought to inhibit the induction of galactose genes when above a threshold concentration. Instead, we show that galactose metabolic genes induction depends on the ratio of galactose and glucose. Surprisingly, a critical portion of the information processing that determines the ratio response occurs upstream of the canonical signaling pathway. The use of modern combinatorial approaches has thus revealed a new signal processing paradigm that may be common throughout biology.
Real-time resolution of point mutations that cause phenovariance in mice
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhan Xiaowei , Bu Chun-Hui , Lyon Stephen , Pratt David , Hildebrand Sara , Choi Jin Huk , Zhang Zhao , Zeng Ming , Wang Kuan-wen , Turer Emre , Chen Zhe , Zhang Duanwu , Yue Tao , Wang Ying , Shi Hexin , Wang Jianhui , Sun Lei , SoRelle Jeff , McAlpine William , Hutchins Noelle , Zhan Xiaoming , Fina Maggy , Gobert Rochelle , Quan Jiexia , Kreutzer McKensie , Arnett Stephanie , Hawkins Kimberly , Leach Ashley , Tate Christopher , Daniel Chad , Reyna Carlos , Prince Lauren , Davis Sheila , Purrington Joel , Bearden Rick , Weatherly Jennifer , White Danielle , Russell Jamie , Sun Qihua , Tang Miao , Li Xiaohong , Scott Lindsay , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , McInerney Gerald M. , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B. , Xie Yang , Beutler Bruce 
Published: January 2015

Significance
In forward genetics, a mutagen is used to randomly induce germline mutations that cause variant phenotypes. Forward genetics permits discovery of genes necessary for biological phenomena, but identifying the mutations that cause variant phenotypes is time-consuming and in the past usually occurred long after the phenotype was first recognized. Here we introduce a method and software tool, Linkage Analyzer, for identifying causative mutations present in the germline of mutant mice concurrent with recognition of variant phenotypes. It requires knowledge of genotype at all mutation sites in members of a pedigree prior to phenotypic assessment. Using this method and software, forward genetic studies in mice are limited only by the rates of mutant production and screening.
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ric-8A induces domain separation and Ras domain plasticity in Gαi1
Authors: Van Eps Ned , Thomas Celestine J. , Hubbell Wayne L. , Sprang Stephen R. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Heterotrimeric G proteins are activated by exchange of a bound GDP for GTP at the active site of the alpha subunit (Gα), typically mediated by a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric-8A), a soluble intracellular protein that is essential for embryonic development, can also catalyze nucleotide exchange and activate G proteins. Here, in a mechanistic study of a nonreceptor exchange factor, site-directed spin labeling and dipolar EPR spectroscopy are used to show that Ric-8A triggers the separation of the Ras-like and helical domains, also observed in GPCR-G protein complexes. This separation and induction of structural plasticity around the nucleotide-binding cavity of Gα promote nucleotide release. Ric-8A and GPCRs, although structurally unrelated, exhibit distinct but related mechanisms of action.
Suppression of cancer relapse and metastasis by inhibiting cancer stemness
Authors: Li Youzhi , Rogoff Harry A. , Keates Sarah , Gao Yuan , Murikipudi Sylaja , Mikule Keith , Leggett David , Li Wei , Pardee Arthur B. , Li Chiang J. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Current cancer treatments ultimately fail owing to metastasis and relapse. The discovery of therapeutic approaches that counteract relapse and metastasis is, therefore, extremely important for advancing cancer medicine. Hypermalignant cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells or stemness-high cancer cells, have been isolated from patients with a variety of tumor types and found to be highly malignant, tumorigenic, and resistant to chemotherapies. Our data that BBI608, a cancer stemness inhibitor in clinical development, effectively blocks cancer relapse and metastasis in xenografted human cancers, suggest targeting cancer stemness as a novel approach to develop the next generation of cancer therapeutics to suppress cancer relapse and metastasis.
Genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells to generate invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Smith Drake J. , Liu Siyuan , Ji Sunjong , Li Bo , McLaughlin Jami , Cheng Donghui , Witte Owen N. , Yang Lili 
Published: January 2015

Significance
This article describes a new method for generating large numbers of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in mice through genetic engineering of blood stem cells. iNKT cells are potent immune cells that regulate many human diseases, including cancer, infections, allergies, and autoimmunity. However, both the study of iNKT cell biology and the clinical application of iNKT cells have been greatly hindered by their small numbers (∼0.01–1% in mouse and human blood). The method reported here provides a powerful new tool to study iNKT cell biology in a mouse model. It can also be applied to humans, opening a new avenue for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy that has the potential to provide patients with therapeutic levels of iNKT cells throughout life.