bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel cytochrome P450 gene,CYP321E1from the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) and RNA interference to evaluate its role in chlorantraniliprole resistance
Authors: Hu Z. , Lin Q. , Chen H. , Li Z. , Yin F. , Feng X. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInsect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play an important role in catalysis of many reactions leading to insecticides resistance. Our previous studies on transcriptome analysis of chlorantraniliprole-resistant development in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellarevealed that up-regulation of cytochrome P450s are one of the main factors leading to the development of chlorantraniliprole resistance. Here, we report for the first time a novel cytochrome P450 geneCYP321E1, which belongs to the cytochrome P450 gene family CYP321. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR) analyses indicated thatCYP321E1was expressed at all developmental stages ofP. xylostellabut was highest in the fourth-instar larvae; furthermore, the relatively high expression was observed in the midgut of the fourth-instar larvae, followed by fat bodies and epidermis. The expression ofCYP321E1inP. xylostellawas differentially affected by three representative insecticides, including alphamethrin, abamectin and chlorantraniliprole. Among them, the exposure to chlorantraniliprole resulted in the largest transcript level of this cytochrome P450 gene. The findings suggested potential involvement ofCYP321E1in chlorantraniliprole resistance ofP. xylostella. To assess the functional link ofCYP321E1to chlorantraniliprole resistance, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing by double stranded RNA (dsRNA) injecting was used. Results revealed that injection delivery of dsRNA can greatly reduce gene expression after 24 h. As a consequence of RNAi, a significant increment in mortality of larvae injectedCYP321E1dsRNA was observed after 24 h of exposure to chlorantraniliprole. These results strongly support our notion that this novel cytochrome P450 gene plays an important role in chlorantraniliprole detoxification in the diamondback moth and is partly responsible for its resistance.
Mother-derived trans-generational immune priming in the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae)
Authors: Shi Z. H. , Lin Y. T. , Hou Y. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is the most destructive pest of palm trees worldwide containing it invasive areas, such as the southern part of China. It is always emphasized to develop integrated pest management based on biological agents, but their success is not very exciting. Presently, the immune defenses of this pest against biological agents attract scarce attention. It is still unclear whether immune priming also generally occurs in insect pests and in response to different pathogens. Our results indicated that previous challenge of bacteria pathogen enhanced the magnitude of phenoloxidase activity and antibacterial activity in R. ferrugineus larvae against the secondary infection. Furthermore, trans-generational immune priming was also determined in this pest, and only challenged R. ferrugineus mothers transferred the immune protection to their offspring which suggested males and females of this pest might have evolved different strategies on the investment of delivering immune protection to their offspring. Importantly, our data provide the evidence to suggest that different kinds of biological control agents might be used alternatively or in combination to fight against R. ferrugineus because of the existence of immune priming with low species-specific level. On the other hand, for this invasive pest, the immune priming may also facilitate its adaptation and dispersal in the new regions.
Heterochromatin characterization and ribosomal gene location in two monotypic genera of bloodsucker bugs (Cimicidae, Heteroptera) with holokinetic chromosomes and achiasmatic male meiosis
Authors: Poggio M.G. , Di Iorio O. , Turienzo P. , Papeschi A. G. , Bressa M.J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMembers of the family Cimicidae (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) are temporary bloodsuckers on birds and bats as primary hosts and humans as secondary hosts.Acanthocrios furnarii(2n=12=10+XY, male) andPsitticimex uritui(2n=31=28+X1X2Y, male) are two monotypic genera of the subfamily Haematosiphoninae, which have achiasmatic male meiosis of collochore type. Here, we examined chromatin organization and constitution of cimicid holokinetic chromosomes by determining the amount, composition and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, and number and location of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in both species. Results showed that these two bloodsucker bugs possess high heterochromatin content and have an achiasmatic male meiosis, in which three regions can be differentiated in each autosomal bivalent: (i) terminal heterochromatic regions in repulsion; (ii) a central region, where the homologous chromosomes are located parallel but without contact between them; and (iii) small areas within the central region, where collochores are detected.Acanthocrios furnariipresented a single NOR on an autosomal pair, whereasP. urituipresented two NORs, one on an autosomal pair and the other on a sex chromosome. All NORs were found to be associated with CMA3bright bands, indicating that the whole rDNA repeating unit is rich in G+C base pairs. Based on the variations in the diploid autosomal number, the presence of simple and multiple sex chromosome systems, and the number and location of 18S rDNA loci in the two Cimicidae species studied, we might infer that rDNA clusters and genome are highly dynamic among the representatives of this family.
ADOPTION OF INTEGRATED FOOD-ENERGY SYSTEMS: IMPROVED COOKSTOVES AND PIGEONPEA IN SOUTHERN MALAWI
Authors: ORR ALASTAIR , KAMBOMBO BLESSINGS , ROTH CHRISTA , HARRIS DAVE , DOYLE VINCENT 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe analyse the adoption of an Integrated Food-Energy System (IFES) in southern Malawi. The IFES combined the improved cookstove (chitetezo mbaula in Chichewa), designed to reduce demand for fuelwood, with the pigeonpea variety Mthawajuni, which increased both food supply and supply of fuelwood from pigeonpea stems. Adoption of the improved cookstove was found to be higher among households that were better off and where women had greater control over decision-making. However, adoption of the IFES was not associated with reduced demand for fuelwood from forests and hills or reduced frequency of collection. IFES adopters might have high fuelwood consumption because they were better off, but fuelwood consumption in better-off households did not differ significantly between IFES adopters and non-adopters. Pigeonpea increased food supply for adopter households, including children aged less than five years. Consequently, the IFES has had mixed results, improving food supply but not reducing demand for fuelwood. Households ranked early maturity, fuelwood and yield as the three most important reasons for preferring Mthawajuni over other varieties of pigeonpea. The plant breeding programme for pigeonpea in Malawi should evaluate improved varieties not only for earliness and grain yield but also for the production of fuelwood. Improved varieties with desirable market traits have had limited success in the absence of reliable markets and price incentives.
Deletion: The curse of the red-black tree
Authors: GERMANE KIMBALL , MIGHT MATTHEW 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOkasaki introduced the canonical formulation of functional red-black trees when he gave a concise, elegant method of persistent element insertion. Persistent element deletion, on the other hand, has not enjoyed the same treatment. For this reason, many functional implementations simply omit persistent deletion. Those that include deletion typically take one of two approaches. The more-common approach is a superficial translation of the standard imperative algorithm. The resulting algorithm has functional airs but remains clumsy and verbose, characteristic of its imperative heritage. (Indeed, even the terminsertionis a holdover from imperative origins, but is now established in functional contexts. Accordingly, we use the termdeletionwhich has the same connotation.) The less-common approach leverages the features of advanced type systems, which obscures the essence of the algorithm. Nevertheless, foreign-language implementors reference such implementations and, apparently unable to tease apart the algorithm and its type specification, transliterate the entirety unnecessarily. Our goal is to provide for persistent deletion what Okasaki did for insertion: a succinct, comprehensible method that will liberate implementors. We conceptually simplify deletion by temporarily introducing a “double-black” color into Okasaki's tree type. This third color, with its natural interpretation, significantly simplifies the preservation of invariants during deletion.
Inanspruchnahme von ärztlichen und psychotherapeutischen Leistungen durch Kinder und Jugendliche mit psychischen Auffälligkeiten
Authors: Hintzpeter Birte , Metzner Franka , Pawils Silke , Bichmann Helen , Kamtsiuris Panagiotis , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Klasen Fionna , group The BELLA study 
Published: September 2014

Zur psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Inanspruchnahme durch Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland liegen bislang kaum Ergebnisse vor. Anhand von repräsentativen Daten der BELLA-Studie, an der insgesamt 2.863 Familien teilnahmen, konnte gezeigt werden, dass 5,6 % der Befragten im Alter von 7 bis 17 Jahren in den letzten 12 Monaten eine psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Leistung in Anspruch genommen haben. Von den mit Hilfe des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) als psychisch auffällig eingestuften Kindern und Jugendlichen sind 28,8 % in psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Behandlung. Hinzu kommt, dass lediglich ein Fünftel der Mädchen und Jungen, die an Einschränkungen aufgrund der psychischen Auffälligkeiten leiden, eine entsprechende Hilfe annehmen.
Activation-induced necroptosis contributes to B-cell lymphopenia in active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fan H , Liu F , Dong G , Ren D , Xu Y , Dou J , Wang T , Sun L , Hou Y 
Published: September 2014

AbstractB-cell abnormality including excessive activation and lymphopenia is a central feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although activation threshold, auto-reaction and death of B cells can be affected by intrinsical and/or external signaling, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that co-activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and B-cell receptor (BCR) pathways is a core event for the survival/dead states of B cells in SLE. We found that the mortalities of CD19+CD27- and CD19+IgM+ B-cell subsets were increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients. The gene microarray analysis of CD19+ B cells from active SLE patients showed that the differentially expressed genes were closely correlated to TLR7, BCR, apoptosis, necroptosis and immune pathways. We also found that co-activation of TLR7 and BCR could trigger normal B cells to take on SLE-like B-cell characters including the elevated viability, activation and proliferation in the first 3 days and necroptosis in the later days. Moreover, the necroptotic B cells exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, along with the elevated expression of necroptosis-related genes, consistent with that in both SLE B-cell microarray and real-time PCR verification. Expectedly, pretreatment with the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1, and not the apoptosis inhibitor zVAD, suppressed B-cell death. Importantly, B cells from additional SLE patients also significantly displayed high expression levels of necroptosis-related genes compared with those from healthy donors. These data indicate that co-activation of TLR7 and BCR pathways can promote B cells to hyperactivation and ultimately necroptosis. Our finding provides a new explanation on B-cell lymphopenia in active SLE patients. These data suggest that extrinsic factors may increase the intrinsical abnormality of B cells in SLE patients.
Human thymus medullary epithelial cells promote regulatory T-cell generation by stimulating interleukin-2 production via ICOS ligand
Authors: Nazzal D , Gradolatto A , Truffault F , Bismuth J , Berrih-Aknin S 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNatural thymic T regulatory (tTreg) cells maintain tolerance to self-antigen. These cells are generated in the thymus, but how this generation occurs is still controversial. Furthermore, the contribution of thymus epithelial cells to this process is still unclear, especially in humans. Using an exceptional panel of human thymic samples, we demonstrated that medullary thymus epithelial cells (mTECs) promote the generation of tTreg cells and favor their function. These effects were mediated through soluble factors and were mTEC specific since other cell types had no such effect. By evaluating the effects of mTECs on the absolute number of Treg cells and their state of proliferation or cell death, we conclude that mTECs promote the proliferation of newly generated CD25+ cells from CD4+CD25− cells and protect Treg cells from cell death. This observation implicates Bcl-2 and mitochondrial membrane potential changes, indicating that the intrinsic cell death pathway is involved in Treg protection by mTECs. Interestingly, when the mTECs were cultured directly with purified Treg cells, they were able to promote their phenotype but not their expansion, suggesting that CD4+CD25− cells have a role in the expansion process. To explore the mechanisms involved, several neutralizing antibodies were tested. The effects of mTECs on Treg cells were essentially due to interleukin (IL)-2 overproduction by thymus CD4+ T cells. We then searched for a soluble factor produced by mTECs able to increase IL-2 production by CD4+ cells and could identify the inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL). Our data strongly suggest a « ménage à trois »: mTEC cells (via ICOSL) induce overproduction of IL-2 by CD25− T cells leading to the expansion of tTreg cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate for the first time a role of mTECs in promoting Treg cell expansion in the human thymus and implicate IL-2 and ICOSL in this process.
HIPK2 sustains apoptotic response by phosphorylating Che-1/AATF and promoting its degradation
Authors: De Nicola F , Catena V , Rinaldo C , Bruno T , Iezzi S , Sorino C , Desantis A , Camerini S , Crescenzi M , Floridi A , Passananti C , Soddu S , Fanciulli M 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChe-1/AATF is an RNA polymerase II-binding protein that is involved in the regulation of gene transcription, which undergoes stabilization and accumulation in response to DNA damage. We have previously demonstrated that following apoptotic induction, Che-1 protein levels are downregulated through its interaction with the E3 ligase HDM2, which leads to Che-1 degradation by ubiquitylation. This interaction is mediated by Pin1, which determines a phosphorylation-dependent conformational change. Here we demonstrate that HIPK2, a proapoptotic kinase, is involved in Che-1 degradation. HIPK2 interacts with Che-1 and, upon genotoxic stress, phosphorylates it at specific residues. This event strongly increases HDM2/Che-1 interaction and degradation of Che-1 protein via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal system. In agreement with these findings, we found that HIPK2 depletion strongly decreases Che-1 ubiquitylation and degradation. Notably, Che-1 overexpression strongly counteracts HIPK2-induced apoptosis. Our results establish Che-1 as a new HIPK2 target and confirm its important role in the cellular response to DNA damage.
Spatial control of the GEN1 Holliday junction resolvase ensures genome stability
Authors: Chan Ying Wai , West Stephen C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHolliday junction (HJ) resolvases are necessary for the processing of persistent recombination intermediates before cell division. Their actions, however, need to be restricted to the late stages of the cell cycle to avoid the inappropriate cleavage of replication intermediates. Control of the yeast HJ resolvase, Yen1, involves phosphorylation changes that modulate its catalytic activity and nuclear import. Here, we show that GEN1, the human ortholog of Yen1, is regulated by a different mechanism that is independent of phosphorylation. GEN1 is controlled exclusively by nuclear exclusion, driven by a nuclear export signal (NES) that restricts GEN1 actions to mitosis when the nuclear membrane breaks down. Construction of a nuclear-localized version of GEN1 revealed that its premature actions partially suppress phenotypes associated with loss of BLM and MUS81, but cause elevated crossover formation. The spatial control of GEN1 therefore contributes to genome stability, by avoiding competition with non-crossover promoting repair pathways.
High-Polarization-Discriminating Infrared Detection Using a Single Quantum Well Sandwiched in Plasmonic Micro-Cavity
Authors: Li Qian , Li ZhiFeng , Li Ning , Chen XiaoShuang , Chen PingPing , Shen XueChu , Lu Wei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPolarimetric imaging has proved its value in medical diagnostics, bionics, remote sensing, astronomy and in many other wide fields. Pixel-level solid monolithically integrated polarimetric imaging photo-detectors are the trend for infrared polarimetric imaging devices. For better polarimetric imaging performance the high polarization discriminating detectors are very much critical. Here we demonstrate the high infrared light polarization resolving capabilities of a quantum well (QW) detector in hybrid structure of single QW and plasmonic micro-cavity that uses QW as an active structure in the near field regime of plasmonic effect enhanced cavity, in which the photoelectric conversion in such a plasmonic micro-cavity has been realized. The detector's extinction ratio reaches 65 at the wavelength of 14.7 μm, about 6 times enhanced in such a type of pixel-level polarization long wave infrared photodetectors. The enhancement mechanism is attributed to artificial plasmonic modulation on optical propagation and distribution in the plasmonic micro-cavities.
Rapid hydrothermal cooling above the axial melt lens at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge
Authors: Zhang Chao , Koepke Juergen , Kirchner Clemens , Götze Niko , Behrens Harald 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAxial melt lenses sandwiched between the lower oceanic crust and the sheeted dike sequences at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges are assumed to be the major magma source of oceanic crust accretion. According to the widely discussed “gabbro glacier” model, the formation of the lower oceanic crust requires efficient cooling of the axial melt lens, leading to partial crystallization and crystal-melt mush subsiding down to lower crust. These processes are believed to be controlled by periodical magma replenishment and hydrothermal circulation above the melt lens. Here we quantify the cooling rate above melt lens using chemical zoning of plagioclase from hornfelsic recrystallized sheeted dikes drilled from the East Pacific at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1256D. We estimate the cooling rate using a forward modelling approach based on CaAl-NaSi interdiffusion in plagioclase. The results show that cooling from the peak thermal overprint at 1000–1050°C to 600°C are yielded within about 10–30 years as a result of hydrothermal circulation above melt lens during magma starvation. The estimated rapid hydrothermal cooling explains how the effective heat extraction from melt lens is achieved at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges.
IEEE 802.11‐enabled wake‐up radio system: design and performance evaluation
Authors: Oller J. , Garcia E. , Lopez E. , Demirkol I. , Casademont J. , Paradells J. , Gamm U. , Reindl L. 
Published: September 2014

Today, the vast majority of personal communication devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and logically wireless fidelity (Wi‐Fi) access points feature IEEE 802.11 chipsets. In turn, wake‐up radio (WuR) systems are used to reduce the significant energy waste that wireless devices cause during their idle communication mode. A novel WuR system is introduced that enables any IEEE 802.11‐enabled device to be used as a WuR transmitter without requiring any hardware modification. The corresponding developed WuR receiver achieves a remarkably low power consumption of 10.8 μW and operates in the Wi‐Fi 2.4 GHz band. By means of thorough physical tests, it is shown that the proposed IEEE 802.11‐based WuR system enables important energy savings.
Soft spots and their structural signature in a metallic glass
Authors: Ding Jun , Patinet Sylvain , Falk Michael L. , Cheng Yongqiang , Ma Evan 
Published: September 2014

Significance
This work demonstrates a structure–property correlation in metallic glasses for the community of amorphous solids. It associates geometrically unfavored motifs, i.e., those most disordered local polyhedral packing structures in a metallic glass, with the soft spots defined from the vibrational modes and correlates them with shear transformation zones composed of atoms with large nonaffine displacements. The statistical correlation established thus ties together the heterogeneity inherent in the amorphous structure with the spatial heterogeneity in the mechanical (elastic and plastic) properties of a metallic glass.
Recent progress in integration of III–V nanowire transistors on Si substrate by selective-area growth
Authors: Tomioka Katsuhiro , Fukui Takashi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We report on the recent progress in electronic applications using III–V nanowires (NWs) on Si substrates using the selective-area growth method. This method could align vertical III–V NWs on Si under specific growth conditions. Detailed studies of the III–V NW/Si heterointerface showed the possibility of achieving coherent growth regardless of misfit dislocations in the III–V/Si heterojunction. The vertical III–V NWs grown using selective-area growth were utilized for high performance vertical field-effect transistors (FETs). Furthermore, III–V NW/Si heterointerfaces with fewer misfit dislocations provided us with a unique band discontinuity with a new functionality that can be used for the application of tunnel diodes and tunnel FETs. These demonstrations could open the door to a new approach for creating low power switches using III–V NWs as building-blocks of future nanometre-scaled electronic circuits on Si platforms.
Enhanced sputtering and incorporation of Mn in implanted GaAs and ZnO nanowires
Authors: Johannes A , Noack S , Paschoal W , Kumar S , Jacobsson D , Pettersson H , Samuelson L , Dick K A , Martinez-Criado G , Burghammer M , Ronning C 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We simulated and experimentally investigated the sputter yield of ZnO and GaAs nanowires, which were implanted with energetic Mn ions at room temperature. The resulting thinning of the nanowires and the dopant concentration with increasing Mn ion fluency were measured by accurate scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-x-Ray Fluorescence (nanoXRF) quantification, respectively. We observed a clearly enhanced sputter yield for the irradiated nanowires compared to bulk, which is also corroborated by iradina simulations. These show a maximum if the ion range matches the nanowire diameter. As a consequence of the erosion thinning of the nanowire, the incorporation of the Mn dopants is also enhanced and increases non-linearly with increasing ion fluency.