bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF MENTAL-LINGUISTIC AND MEDICAL FINDINGS IN FIRST GRADERS
Authors: Oelze Janine , Richter Nadine , Schulz Henry 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundEspecially in childhood, motor and cognitive functions are thought to address similar brain areas and thus seem to be interrelated.3Further a close link between brain function and the skeletal muscle system as well as the cardiovascular system is accepted.2A correlation between the concentration and the coordinative performance is also being assumed in adolescents.1MethodsThe KOMPASS project (complex general school examination) investigates the motor performance (DMT 6–18), the movement behaviour (parents questionnaire) and the health status (school entrance examination) of first graders in the city of Chemnitz. 2.774 children (6.8±0.4 years, BMI 15.5±1.8 kg/m2) were tested and 2.035 parents were interviewed since 2010. The standard school entrance examination was conducted in 3.739 children. 1.901 parents gave their consent for merging the various data records.ResultsThe motor performance of the first graders in the test tasks: 20 meter sprint (Z-value 99.1±9.1), side jumps (Z-value 103.5±11.3), broad jump (Z-value 101.8±10.7), sit-ups (Z-value 99.4±8.9), stand and reach (Z-value 102.2±10.2) and 6 minute run (Z-value 101.6±10.3) was average. They achieved performances above average in the tasks balancing backwards (Z-value 106.2±11.6) and press-ups (Z-value 108.4±11.6). Within the school entrance examination speech disorders were diagnosed in 40.8%, deficits of visual perception in 26.0% and behavioural disorders in 16.7% of all children. Some kind of supportive interventions were received by 15.9% of all first graders. Those mental-linguistic findings showed a highly significant negative relationship with the motor performance (R=0.257; p<0.01) in the multiple regression analysis. A highly significant negative correlation was also found between the motor performance and the medical findings: decrease of visual acuity (24.0%), impairment of seeing stereo (3.5%) and deficits in fine or gross motor skills (35.7% and 23.8%)(R=0.380; p<0.01).Discussion/ConclusionsVarious studies suggest a close relationship between brain function and physical performance. The results of the KOMPASS project confirm this nexus of cognitive function and physical performance in children without being able to prove a causal relationship.
ELITE SOCCER'S LOWER LIMBS EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH ASYMMETRY
Authors: Zahalka Frantisek , Maly Tomas , Mala Lucia , Teplan Jaroslav , Gryc Tomas , Vaidova Eva , Hank Mikulas , Buzek Mario 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundA vertical jump is one of essential motor skills in many sports (Vanezis & Lees, 2005). Monitoring and description of vertical jumps is based on both external movement structure and explosive strength of lower limbs as a basic driving impulse for its performance. Explosive strength is one of the most important components for the body increasing and vertical jump (Aragon, 2000).MethodsThe research group consisted of elite soccer players (n=138, age=25,1±4,7 years, height=184,2±7,2 cm, weight=79,7±8,1 kg). For recording force effect of lower limbs on the surface, two force platforms Kistler B8611A (KISTLER Instrumente AG, Switzerland) were used. All participants performed three types of a vertical jump, T1–countermovement jump with arms included, T2–countermovement jump with arms excluded, T3–squat jump. Evaluation parameters were: high of the jump (cm), maximal strength produced by separate lower limb FmaxR(L) and strength impulse produced by separate lower limb during the take off (Ns-1).ResultsThe heights of the jumps were CMJ-FA=42.83±4.88 cm, CMJ=37.55±4.18 cm a SQJ=35.97±3.97cm. Maximal strength produced by separate lower limb was recalculated by dividing to weight of every player as a strength for one kilogram; FmaxPT1=1.32±0.11 N.kg-1 resp. FmaxLT1=1.27±0.11 N.kg-1; FmaxPT2=1.33±0.14 N.kg-1 resp. FmaxPT2=1.28±0.16 N.kg-1; FmaxPT3=1.12±0.12 N.kg-1 resp. FmaxLT3= 1.09±0.09 N.kg-1. The level of asymmetry was evaluated by percentage difference between maximal strength of right or left lower limb per one kilogram of boy weight. Percentage difference between maximal strength was T1=5.86±4.58%; T2=9.61±7.92, T3=5.47±6.49%. Evaluation of lower limbs asymmetry by help of strength impulse using the take off was T1=9.91±10.49 N.s-1, T2=8.55±7.34 N.s-1, T3=5.69±4.73 N.s-1.Discussion/ConclusionsThe best results were achieved in the first type of the vertical jump (T1). Results of the countermovement jump without arm swing (T2) and squat jump without arm swing (T3) are more comparable, although it could be expected that squat position could improve the height of absolute value of the vertical jump. The biggest asymmetry by maximal strength point of view was found in the jump T2. Jumps T1 and T2 had asymmetry by maximal strength point on were similar and the absolute value was only half according to jump T1 asymmetry. The biggest asymmetry by strength impulse was in the jump T1, rest jump's aszmmetry were lower (T2-13%; T3-42%).Project was supported: MSM 0021620864, GACR P407/11/P784, PRVOUK 38.
EXUBERANT INFLAMMATORY REACTION AFTER AN INFILTRATION OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP)
Authors: Kaux J F , Croisier J L , Léonard P , Goff C Le , Crielaard J M 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPRP, obtained from centrifuged autologous blood, contains a large quantity of growth factors, which may enhance tissue healing processes. Local infiltration of PRP represents a relatively new treatment for tendinopathies. To date, no side effects have been reported after infiltration of PRP to treat tendinopathy.1Case reportA 35-year-old patient had a right upper patellar tendinopathy which was resistant to all of the conservative treatments for more than six months. The patient was a type 1 diabetic (well controlled). He benefited from an intratendinous infiltration of 6 mL of PRP (8.105 platelets/mm 3, almost no red or white blood cells) without local anaesthetic. Immediately following the infiltration, local cryotherapy was performed for 15 minutes. NSAIDs were avoided, but class-1 or -2 pain-killers were authorised if necessary. A standardised sub-maximal eccentric rehabilitation should be started 1 week after. However, the patient experienced local swelling with erythema, increased heating and pain which appeared just underneath the patella, but without biological inflammatory syndrome. A great Doppler signal in a thicker patellar tendon was observed by US, but there was no sign of local infectious disease demonstrated by either CT or MRI. However, the local inflammation did not decrease after a progressive 3-week treatment of local cryotherapy, local and oral NSAIDs and colchicine 1 mg. Thus, an insidious infection was suspected, even though there was neither evidence of biological inflammatory syndrome or sign of infectious lesion on imagery examination. An antibiotic therapy (rifampicine 600 mg+minocycline 100 mg) was initiated for 3 months. Finally, a 3-phase bone scintigraphy suggested the presence of a complex regional pain syndrome type 1 treated by a classical physical therapy and concomitant class-2 pain killers. The evolution was favourable after 6 months of symptomatic treatment, and the pain decreased to a level similar to that before the infiltration of PRP.Discussion/ConclusionsThis case report calls attention to potential side effects that are linked to this new therapy by infiltration of platelet rich plasma in case of tendinopathy, in particular when used in patients with type 1 diabetes. Thus, the balance between benefits and risks must be carefully evaluated before using this treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes.
SENSORI-MOTOR INSOLES MAY INCREASE PERONEUS LONGUS ACTIVITY DURING STANCE PHASE OF HUMAN GAIT
Authors: Ludwig Oliver , Quadflieg Roman , Koch Michael 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSensori-motor insoles are supposed to influence muscle activity of the ankle stabilizing muscles during stance phase of human gait by imposing pressure upon tendon structures. For this purpose, specially shaped elements are integrated in the insoles. In particular, activation of m. peroneus longus as a main pronator of the foot is supposed to prevent ankle sprains. Nevertheless, no evidence for a potential effect of sensori-motor insoles could be shown until now.The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle activity of the peroneus longus (PL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle caused by sensori-motor insoles with a lateral wedge.MethodsFor 32 healthy subjects the activity of the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscle was recorded by means of surface EMG (Noraxon Telemyo). A randomized, double blinded cross-over-design was used. Subjects walked in several sub-tests both in neutral shoes with sensori-motor insoles and with dummy insoles. Sensori-motor insoles (Shore 35, Springer AG, Berlin) had a convex-formed spot that was placed above the skin of the peroneus longus tendon, 8 mm distal to the inferior retinaculum. Pressure sensors under the heel and forefoot were used to identify gait phases.In a former study changes in muscular activity peaks of the peroneus longus muscle could be found mainly in the period between 14% and 34% stance phase.1Therefore, integrated EMG was calculated for both PL and TA for the periods of 0–15% (loading response), 15–50% (mid stance) and 50–100% (terminal stance). Sub-tests with sensori-motor insoles and dummy insoles were compared for each subject by statistical means (paired t-test). Effect size and post hoc power were calculated using G*Power 3.1.ResultsPL activity in mid stance was statistically significant higher (p=.0083, post hoc power =.98) with sensori-motor insoles (18.4±12.17 uV*s) compared to dummy-insoles (10.0±7.6 uV*s). Effect size (Cohen's d) was .80, indicating a large effect. For other gait phases and for TA activity no significant effects (p<.05) could be found.DiscussionAs changes in peroneus activity could be found only in mid stance when both the body weight is transferred to the foot and the sensori-motor spots impose pressure on the skin we conclude that increased muscular activation is due to increased afferent input. In both initial contact and terminal stance the sensori-motor spots do not influence afferent input and motor activation pattern of peroneus longus. As the ankle joint is sensitive to disturbances (supination) during mid stance an increased activity of pronator muscles might help to stabilize the foot and possibly help to prevent ankle sprains.
ABDOMINAL MUSCLE INJURIES IN SOCCER–SURGICAL CASE SERIES
Authors: Brix Christian , Lohrer Heinz , Hoeferlin Andreas 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundMuscle injuries frequently occur in both competitive and amateur sports. In soccer, muscle injuries are responsible for more than one third of all injuries. The smaller portion are the major injuries (muscle tear and tendinous avulsion).1 2As the abdominal muscles give the necessary core stability for sports like soccer,2those injuries need special attention to enable athletes to a fast return to their sports.MethodsA literature review to look for articles dealing with internal oblique muscle injuries was performed. Analysis of the medical health records of the Institute for Sports Medicine, Frankurt between 2010 and 2012 was performed to analyse our special experience with abdominal muscle injuries in sport. The medical records were evaluated for injury cause, symptoms, operation, follow-up treatment and outcome.ResultsThere was no publication found dealing solely with abdominal wall injuries in soccer, in comparison to publications found for tennis players. Abdominal injuries as blunt trauma are reported to be more common in contact sports like soccer.3The analysis of our health records revealed three cases of lateral abdominal muscles injuries in soccer players. Clinically patients uniformely showed tenderness at the anterior iliac crest and were no longer able to participate in training. Ultrasound detected hematoma. The diagnosis of a tendinous avulsion of the internal oblique muscle was confirmed by MRI. Operation was performed by making three bone anchoring sutures through the anterior iliac crest. Postoperative care included two-week rest and compressing lumbar bandage. Specific workout for the abdominal muscles was performed 2nd-6th postoperative week. After 6 weeks the transition to sport-specific training was possible. All three soccer players were able to fully participate the regular exercise before 12 weeks and have fully recovered and re-integrated in their soccer activity after that time.ConclusionMuscular injuries of the abdominal wall in soccer are rare but serious.3An accurate diagnosis made by MRI is essential for further treatment planning. In our cases, operation is the treatment of choice resulting in excellent results.
Molecular Pathways: P-Rex in Cancer
Authors: Pandiella Atanasio , Montero Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
P-Rex proteins are Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors that participate in the regulation of several cancer-related cellular functions such as proliferation, motility, and invasion. Expectedly, a significant portion of these actions of P-Rex proteins must be related to their Rac regulatory properties. In addition, P-Rex proteins control signaling by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) route by interacting with PTEN and mTOR. The interaction with PTEN inhibits its phosphatase activity, leading to AKT activation. The interaction with mTOR may be important in nutrient-stimulated Rac activation and migration. In humans, several studies have implicated P-Rex proteins in the pathophysiology of various neoplasias. Thus, overexpression of P-Rex proteins has been linked to poor patient outcome in breast cancer and may facilitate metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer cells. In addition, whole-genome sequencing described P-Rex2 as a significantly mutated gene in melanoma. Furthermore, expression in melanocytes of mutated forms of P-Rex2 found in patients with melanoma showed the protumorigenic role of these P-Rex mutations in melanoma genesis. These findings open interesting opportunities for P-Rex targeting in cancer. Moreover, the implication of P-Rex partner proteins such as Rac, mTOR, or PTEN in cancer has opened the possibility of acting on P-Rex to restrict protumorigenic signaling through these pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4564–9. ©2013 AACR.
Limiting Cardiac Ischemic Injury by Pharmacological Augmentation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor–AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction
Authors: Wang Jingying , Tong Chao , Yan Xiaoyan , Yeung Eddie , Gandavadi Sunilkumar , Hare Alissa A. , Du Xin , Chen Yibang , Xiong Huabao , Ma Changxing , Leng Lin , Young Lawrence H. , Jorgensen William L. , Li Ji , Bucala Richard 
Published: June 2013

Background—
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) exerts a protective effect on ischemic myocardium by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Small molecules that increase the affinity of MIF for its receptor have been recently designed, and we hypothesized that such agonists may enhance AMPK activation and limit ischemic tissue injury.

Methods and Results—
Treatment of cardiomyocytes with the candidate MIF agonist, MIF20, augmented AMPK phosphorylation, increased by 50% the surface localization of glucose transporter, and enhanced by 25% cellular glucose uptake in comparison with MIF alone. In mouse hearts perfused with MIF20 before no-flow ischemia and reperfusion, postischemic left ventricular function improved commensurately with an increase in cardiac MIF-AMPK activation and an augmentation in myocardial glucose uptake. By contrast, small-molecule MIF agonism was not effective in cells or tissues genetically deficient in MIF or the MIF receptor, verifying the specificity of MIF20 for MIF-dependent AMPK signaling. The protective effect of MIF20 also was evident in an in vivo regional ischemia model. Mice treated with MIF20 followed by left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion showed a significant reduction in infarcted myocardium.

Conclusions—
These data support the pharmacological utility of small-molecule MIF agonists in enhancing AMPK activation and reducing cardiac ischemic injury.
Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Authors: VARGAS-RAMÍREZ MARIO , CARR JOHN L. , FRITZ UWE 
Published: June 2013

We examined differentiation within the Colombian wood turtle Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, and among R. melanosterna and the closely allied species R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia, based on 1060 base pairs of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. We also assessed the phylogenetic relationships among these species using 2050 bp of mtDNA (partial cyt b, 12S and 16S genes) and 3620 bp of nuclear DNA (partial Rag 1, Rag 2, C-mos, R35 and ODC genes). There is consider-able phylogeographic structuring within R. melanosterna, with seven distinct clades distributed across the species’ range. These clades correlate to some extent with previously described differences in the dorsal pattern of head coloration. Indi-vidual and combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA indicated contradictory relationships among R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed R. melanosterna to be non-monophyletic with respect to R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. In contrast, R. melanosterna constituted a well-supported monophyletic clade using nuclear DNA. This conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear data suggests past gene flow among the allopatrically and parapatrically distributed species R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. Compared to the other Rhinoclemmys species, the taxa under study are weakly differentiated. To assess their taxonomic status, further research is warranted using additional nuclear markers and additional samples of R. diade-mata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. For the time being, a continued classification of R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia as distinct species is justified owing to their allopatric and parapatric distributions, and to con-serve the established usage of names that is based on morphological and karyotypic differentiation.
The Wheel of Fortune vs. the Mustard Seed: A Comparative Study of European and Chinese Painting
Authors: Gao Jianping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe difference between European and Chinese traditions of painting has been widely discussed. This study argues that this difference can be seen in the different use of copybooks: a source from which many interesting theories can be developed. The paper compares several medieval European books, including Villard de Honnecourt’s Constructions: The Wheel of Fortune, with the Mustard Seed Garden Manual of Painting from China, and argues that, while the Europeans lay emphasis on geometric forms and the mathematical laws behind them, the Chinese learn painting in the manner of practicing calligraphy, paying more attention to the way of making lines and dynamic structures. The author argues that this divergence between the Chinese and Europeans in painting is based on their different views on the nature of creation.
A bibliometric study of literature on SLE research in PubMed (2002–2011)
Authors: Li B-Z , Pan H-F , Ye D-Q 
Published: June 2013

Objective The objective of this paper is to study the distribution regularity, development tendency and research hot spots of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) literature published in journals indexed in PubMed over a 10-year period using the bibliometric analysis method. Methods Citations from 2002 to 2011 were downloaded from the PubMed database. The core of the search was the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) “Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic.” The period of study was set from 2002 to 2011. Results A total of 14,053 articles were retrieved. These articles were published in 1627 different journals, nine journals contributing to one-third of all the literature. The first three journals containing the most articles were Lupus, Arthritis Rheum and J Rheumatol. America was the most productive world area followed by Japan, China and the United Kingdom. When normalized by population, Israel, Monaco and Iceland ranked as the top three. When normalized by GDP, Israel, Tunisia and Serbia were in leading positions. The steady increase of publication in SLE research can be seen during the whole study period from 2002 to 2011. Conclusion SLE has become a field of interest over the period 2002 to 2011. However, lupus research publications in developing countries have lagged behind.
Medical Marijuana: Canada's Regulations, Pharmacology, and Social Policy
Authors: Graham Stephen Douglas 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: This paper gives an introduction to important aspects of Canada's medical marijuana policy. It reviews the history and the physiological effects of marijuana, as well as four social theories that have contributed to the traditional view of marijuana use as “drug abuse.” Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the search words “medical marijuana Canada” for the period 1980 to 2002. Articles were included if they contained information on marijuana's physiological effects or social issues. An internet search using www.Google.com and the same search words was conducted. Websites were included if they contained information on medical marijuana policy in Canada. Secondary literature provided background on social theory. Setting: Canada's federal policy on medical marijuana. Results and Discussion: In 2001, Canada became the first nation to implement a national policy allowing for the use and paid supply of marijuana for medicinal purposes, and this policy generated both vigorous debate and general public support. The new policy has been accompanied by a cooperative research effort between Health Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to prove marijuana's therapeutic efficacy.