bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hydroamination: A Survey of the Most Recent Developments
Authors: Hannedouche Jérôme , Schulz Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAsymmetric hydroamination allows the direct and selective formation of a new CN bond as a simple procedure towards valuable scalemic synthons. Huge efforts have recently been made to overcome the challenges associated with this transformation. This non‐comprehensive Concept article aims at pointing out the most recent and original progresses, offering nearby developments, and addressing the next challenges.
Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: Dissecting Glycan–Cyanovirin Interactions by Using 19F NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Matei Elena , André Sabine , Glinschert Anja , Infantino Angela Simona , Oscarson Stefan , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Gronenborn Angela M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) are powerful methods to investigate ligand–protein interactions. Here, we present a versatile and sensitive fluorine NMR spectroscopic approach that exploits the 19F nucleus of 19F‐labeled carbohydrates as a sensor to study glycan binding to lectins. Our approach is illustrated with the 11 kDa Cyanovirin‐N, a mannose binding anti‐HIV lectin. Two fluoro‐deoxy sugar derivatives, methyl 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside and methyl 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside were utilized. Binding was studied by 19F NMR spectroscopy of the ligand and 1H–15N HSQC NMR spectroscopy of the protein. The NMR data agree well with those obtained from the equivalent reciprocal and direct ITC titrations. Our study shows that the strategic design of fluorinated ligands and fluorine NMR spectroscopy for ligand screening holds great promise for easy and fast identification of glycan binding, as well as for their use in reporting structural and/or electronic perturbations that ensue upon interaction with a cognate lectin.
Decametallic CoII‐Cluster‐Based Microporous Magnetic Framework with a Semirigid Multicoordinating Ligand
Authors: Tian Jumei , Li Wenliang , Li Bo , Zhang Xiaoying , Tang Jinkui , Zhang Jingping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have synthesized a microporous magnetic framework that contained supertetrahedral decametallic cobalt clusters as nodes and 4‐(tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl)pyridine ligands as linkers in a NaCl‐like network. This complex shows canted antiferromagnetism with spin‐glass behavior. After the removal of the guest molecules, the spin‐canting and spin‐glass behaviors are maintained. The permanent porosity was evaluated by N2‐adsorption measurements. This complex mainly shows a hydrophobic nature, as validated by MeOH‐ and water‐adsorption measurements, which is consistent with the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) theoretical simulation.
Basophilic histamine content and release during venom immunotherapy: Insights by flow cytometry
Authors: Nullens S. , Sabato V. , Faber M. , Leysen J. , Bridts C. H. , De Clerck L. S. , Falcone F. H. , Maurer M. , Ebo D. G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Despite the efficiency of venom immunotherapy, the effects on basophils and mast cells remain incompletely understood and probably vary according to the treatment phase.Objectives:To study the effect of build‐up and maintenance venom immunotherapy on individual basophils.Methods:Intracellular histamine and its release was analyzed flow cytometrically by a new enzyme‐affinity method using diamine oxidase conjugated to laser‐excitable fluorochromes.Phenotyping of cells included flow cytometric quantification of CD63 and CD203c. Analyses of basophil activation experiments were performed before the start of treatment, after build‐up therapy and during maintenance therapy.Results:Before the start of therapy, patients demonstrated significantly higher numbers of basophils when compared with stung control individuals. At the end of build‐up therapy a decrease of basophil numbers was observed, whereas during maintenance therapy basophil counts returned to pretreatment values. Before the start of therapy, the intracellular histamine content per cell in patients was significantly higher when compared with stung control individuals. During maintenance therapy intracellular histamine content decreased to values observed in stung control individuals. In addition, maintenance therapy lowered the net release of histamine per cell in response to optimal stimulation with wasp venom.Conclusions:We introduce a novel technique that enables to assess the effects of venom immunotherapy on basophils. This new technique may help to monitor treatment effects in individual patients and could aid in the development of more efficient and better tolerated immunotherapy protocols. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
α‐Dithiophene‐tetrathiafulvalene – a Detailed Study of an Electronic Donor and Its Derivatives
Authors: Silva Rafaela A. L. , Neves Ana I. , Afonso Mónica L. , Santos Isabel C. , Lopes Elsa B. , Del Pozo Freddy , Pfattner Raphael , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Rovira Concepció , Almeida Manuel , Belo Dulce 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe electronic donor α‐DT‐TTF (α‐dithiophene‐tetrathiafulvalene), which among the thiophenic TTF derivatives has remained essentially unexplored, and some of its charge transfer salts are described in detail in this paper. This donor was efficiently prepared by the homocoupling of 5,6‐thieno[2,3‐d]‐1,3‐dithiol‐2‐one, and its redox properties are intermediate between those of DT‐TTF (dithiophene‐tetrathiafulvalene) and BET‐TTF [bis(ethylenethio)tetrathiafulvalene]. The crystal structure of α‐DT‐TTF shows a molecular packing composed of trios of donor chains with alternating orientation. This pattern is clearly distinct from those previously found in all other thiophenic TTF donors. Used as an active material in a field‐effect transistor, α‐DT‐TTF presents a mobility μFE = 5 × 10–5 cm2/V s. The possibility to convert this new donor to conducting charge‐transfer salts with suitable anions was demonstrated by preparing its PF6– salts. Two salts with different crystal structures and stoichiometries were identified by X‐ray diffraction studies: (α‐DT‐TTF)(PF6)0.6 and (α‐DT‐TTF)2(PF6). The electrical conductivities of these salts, measured in the single crystal, range from 9 to 50 S/cm at room temperature. In all cases, the salts show a semiconducting behaviour and properties that are comparable to those of the analogous nonaromatic BET‐TTF salts.
Geochemical profile of a layered outcrop in the Atacama analogue using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy: Implications for Curiosity investigations in Gale
Authors: Sobron Pablo , Lefebvre Catherine , Leveille Richard , Koujelev Alex , Haltigin Timothy , Du Hongwei , Wang Alian , Cabrol Nathalie , Zacny Kris , Craft Jack ,   The LiTA 2012 Team
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe performed laboratory laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser Raman spectroscopy measurements on samples from a layered outcrop from the Atacama Desert, Chile. This outcrop is a terrestrial morphological and possibly mineralogical analogue for similar formations that will likely be investigated by the Curiosity rover at Gale Crater. Our results demonstrate that fast LIBS analysis can generate semiquantitative chemical profiles in subminute times using automated data processing tools. Therefore, the LIBS instrument can be an invaluable tactical tool on the Curiosity rover for remote, rapid geochemical survey of layered outcrops, thus serving daily operational needs. The derived chemical profiles, supported by the range of minerals identified by Raman spectroscopy, is consistent with the products of a continental evaporitic lake. In the framework of future surface exploration on Mars, a combined Raman/LIBS investigation may provide a rapid mineralogical/chemical evaluation of targets that can be useful for selecting samples to be eventually collected for sample return purposes or for selecting sample sites to be drilled in the search for astrobiology‐relevant species.
Application of the Haar wavelet method on a continuously moving convective‐radiative fin with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Ravi Kanth A.S.V. , Uday Kumar N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we numerically investigate the heat transfer in a continuously moving convective‐radiative fin with variable thermal conductivity by using Haar wavelets. Heat is dissipated to the environment simultaneously through convection and radiation. The effect of various significant parameters—in particular the thermal conductivity parameter a, convection‐sink temperature θa, radiation‐sink temperature θs, convection‐radiation parameter Nc, radiation‐conduction parameter Nr, and Peclet number Pe—on the temperature profile of the fin are discussed and interpreted physically through illustrative graphs. Computational results obtained by the present method are in good agreement with the standard numerical solutions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21038
Responses of water yield and dissolved inorganic carbon export to forest recovery in the Houzhai karst basin, southwest China
Authors: Yan Junhua , Wang Wantong , Zhou Chuanyan , Li Kun , Wang Shijie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKarst terrain (carbonate rocks) covers a vast land of 0.446 million km2 in southwest China. Water yield and carbonate rocks weathering in this region have been receiving increased attention due to a large‐scale forest recovery. Using both hydrological measurements and forest inventories from 1986 to 2007 in the Houzhai karst basin (HKB), we analyzed the responses of water yield and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export to forest recovery in southwest China. With implementation of both the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Conversion of Farmland to Forests Program (CFFP), the fraction of forest area in HKB was increased from near zero to 18.9% during the study period, but the ratio of total water yield (surface and underground) to precipitation varied very little over the annual period, neither in wet season nor in dry season. By contrast, the concentration of DIC in water, especially in the surface water had a pronounced increase during the study period, with an increase of 0.53 and 0.25 g C m−3 yr−1 for surface water and underground water, respectively. As a result, total annual DIC export at mean annual rainfall significantly increased from the low to high forest area stage. This increase was largely driven by surface water during the wet season, presumably being related to biological activity. It was concluded that forest recovery in HKB had no significant effect on water yield, but resulted in more carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in karst water accompanying with carbon uptake by forests. Our results suggested that implementations of both NFCP and CFFP had no shifted water yield regimes in southwest China; instead, they might have alleviated global climate change by increasing carbon uptake through combined biological processes and carbonate rocks weathering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of hydrological changes in the lower Mekong Basin from Basin‐Wide development scenarios
Authors: Piman T. , Lennaerts T. , Southalack P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Mekong is one of the world's great rivers. It has the greatest mean annual flow in the world for a river basin of comparable size. The flow regime, with very distinct wet and dry seasons, supports a rich biodiversity and the world's largest freshwater fishery. Given that at the present time the hydrological regime of the Mekong remains in its natural state, the accelerating pace of water resources development will induce hydrological change. The natural productivity of the system is therefore potentially jeopardized. This paper reports the findings of simulation studies of the potential hydrological impacts of water resource development scenarios over future planning horizons. In the Definite Future scenario (next 5 years), the seasonal redistribution of water by on‐going hydropower development will increase the dry season flow by 40–60% in the upper portion of the basin and by 20–30% in the Mekong Delta. The Foreseeable Future scenario (next 20 years) and Long‐Term Future scenario (next 50 years) will result in relatively small changes to the flow regime as further increases in dry season reservoir releases will be offset by planned increases in irrigation and other consumptive water demands. All scenarios were predicted to reduce the average wet season flows by 4–14%, flow reversal to the Tonle Sap Lake by 7–16%, flooded areas by 5–8% and salinity intrusion areas in the Viet Nam Delta by 15–17%. Predicted changes in Definite Future scenario will be irreversible, necessitating improved coordination between the LMB countries and cooperation with China in order to manage the risks and maximize the regional benefits. The scenario assessments highlighted the areas where research is necessary to mitigate and manage impacts in order to ensure the reasonable and equitable use of the Mekong basin's water resources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a Bayesian model to infer the contribution of coalbed natural gas produced water to the Powder River, Wyoming and Montana
Authors: Mailloux Jason M. , Ogle Kiona , Frost Carol D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana contains significant coal and coal bed natural gas (CBNG) resources. CBNG extraction requires the production of large volumes of water, much of which is discharged into existing drainages. Compared to surface waters, the CBNG produced water is high in sodium relative to calcium and magnesium, elevating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). To mitigate the possible impact this produced water may have on the quality of surface water used for irrigation, the State of Montana passed water anti‐degradation legislation, which could affect CBNG production in Wyoming.In this study, we sought to determine the proportion of CBNG produced water discharged to tributaries that reaches the Powder River by implementing a four end‐member mixing model within a Bayesian statistical framework. The model accounts for the 87Sr/86Sr, δ13CDIC, [Sr] and [DIC] of CBNG produced water and surface water interacting with the three primary lithologies exposed in the PRB. The model estimates the relative contribution of the end members to the river water, while incorporating uncertainty associated with measurement and process error.Model results confirm that both of the tributaries associated with high CBNG activity are mostly composed of CBNG produced water (70–100%). The model indicates that up to 50% of the Powder River is composed of CBNG produced water downstream from the CBNG tributaries, decreasing with distance by dilution from non‐CBNG impacted tributaries from the point sources to ~10–20% at the Montana border. This amount of CBNG produced water does not significantly affect the SAR or electrical conductivity of the Powder River in Montana. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, total Cr, and Fe) removal from galvanic sludge by molasses hydrolysate
Authors: Özbaş Emine Elmaslar , Gökçe Cemal Emre , Güneysu Sinan , Özcan Hüseyin Kurtuluş , Sezgin Naim , Aydin Serdar , Balkaya Nilgün 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical extraction efficiency of five metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, total Cr, and Fe) from galvanic sludge using molasses hydrolysate produced from molasses, a by‐product of the sugar industry. The study was also aimed to compare the extraction efficiency of the molasses hydrolysate with those of nitric acid and EDTA.RESULTSThe experimental results showed that the metal removal (%) increased with extracting solution concentration, but decreased with increasing solid:liquid (S:L) ratio. The highest removal efficiencies using molasses hydrolysate were: Cu 90%; Ni 100%; Zn 90%; total Cr 100%, and Fe 81% at 10 min extracting time and S:L = 1:10 g mL−1.CONCLUSIONMolasses hydrolysate was found to be more effective than nitric acid and EDTA in the extraction of metals from the sludge. It was concluded that although using HNO3 was more economical than Na2EDTA and molasses hydrolysate, using molasses hydrolysate which is a novel, environmentally friendly, biodegradable extracting agent would be appropriate to prevent secondary pollution. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Three‐dimensional aspects of the structural characteristics and kidney angioarchitecture of adult and aged wistar rats: A scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: De Sousa Bolina Cristina , De Sousa Bolina‐Matos Regina , De Matos Alves Paulo Henrique , Pulzato Cury Diego , Ciena Adriano Polican , Watanabe Ii‐Sei 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to describe the structural morphological characteristics and organization of the kidney angioarchitecture in adult and aged Wistar rats using different scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. Twenty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups: the Adult Group (n = 10), which included animals at 3 months of age, and the Aged Group (n = 10), which included animals at 24 months of age. Kidney samples from both groups were analyzed using three distinct SEM methods: coronal sections, cryofracturing and vascular corrosion casts/angioarchitecture. This study demonstrates the specificity of each technique for three‐dimensional morphological analyses of the kidney using SEM. In the coronal sections, it was possible to view the structures on a given plane; the stratigraphy was best observed in the cryofracture method, and the vascular corrosion casts showed the organization and arrangement of the angioarchitecture. Thus, we concluded that the SEM methods together provide the best description of the morphological characteristics of normal and pathological kidneys of adult and aged Wistar rats. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:538–544, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological analysis of rat ureteric terminal arterioles in situ
Authors: Mumtaz Sadaf 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConfocal imaging of Fluo‐4, Propidium iodide, and di‐8‐Anepps loaded ureter were used to study the morphology of terminal arterioles with an inner diameter <50 μm in intact rat ureter. Optical sectioning showed that the muscle coat of the terminal arterioles consisted of a monolayer of highly curved smooth muscle cells which run circumferentially around the endothelium. This technique allowed not only to measure the inner diameter of the terminal arterioles but also to define the orientation and number of revolutions an individual smooth muscle cell made around the endothelium. We measured thickness, width, length, and morphological profile of the myocytes and endothelial cells. Propidium iodide staining showed nuclei of individual cells by continuous imaging at high resolution in serial optical sections. Conventional haematoxylin‐eosin, Masson's tri‐chrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy were also used in this study to compare the measurements obtained from live confocal imaging with histological standard methods. Parameters obtained from live imaging were significantly different. This technique of live staining allowed measuring the cellular and nuclear dimensions of the terminal arterioles in their natural environment which are important in studying the effects of vascular disease or aging on vascular structure. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring variation in proanthocyanidin composition and content of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)
Authors: Azuhnwi Blasius N , Boller Beat , Dohme‐Meier Frigga , Hess Hans D , Kreuzer Michael , Stringano Elisabetta , Mueller‐Harvey Irene 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo maximise the potential benefits to ruminants from sainfoin, plant breeding should focus on developing varieties with predictable condensed tannin (CT) profiles. Little is known about whether and to what extent accession and environment influence sainfoin CT structures. We sought to investigate the likely extent of accession and environment effects on CT characteristics of sainfoin. Four single‐flowering (Communis) accessions and two multiple‐flowering (Bifera) accessions, grown at three sites and collected at two harvest times were used. Sainfoin CTs were characterised by thiolytic degradation and by high‐performance liquid chromatography–gel permeation chromatography (HPLC‐GPC). Also, CT concentration measured earlier by the HCl–butanol method was compared with that from thiolysis.ResultsThiolysis revealed that accession and harvest influenced most CT structural attributes. Bifera CTs eluted as single peaks (Mp < 6220 Da) in HPLC‐GPC across the two harvests and two sites, whereas Communis generated two to three CT peaks, which included a peak (Mp ≤ 9066 Da) in the second harvest. A discrepancy was observed in CT concentrations measured by the two methods.ConclusionCTs from Bifera accessions had more stable and predictable characteristics across harvests and sites and this could be of interest when breeding sainfoin. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Fahndung nach der zweiten Erde
Authors: Titz‐Weider Ruth , Gebauer Stefanie , Godolt Mareike , Grenfell John Lee 
Published: March 2013

AbstractErdähnliche Planeten oder Supererden, bei denen man Transit‐ und Bedeckungsereignisse beobachten kann, sind für spektroskopische Untersuchungen der Atmosphäre geeignete Objekte. Es ist aber keineswegs eindeutig zu sagem, welche Bestandteile der Atmosphäre Indizien für Leben sind und wie sich diese während der Entwicklung in Milliarden von Jahren ändern. Um Instrumente zur Messung der extrasolaren Atmosphären zu entwickeln, braucht man Modellrechnungen, mit denen man die zu erwartenden Signale bei verschiedenen Sterntypen abschätzen kann.
Spidermans Geheimnis
Authors: Giesa Tristan , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWarum Spinnenseide so stark wie Stahl sein kann, war bis vor kurzem eines der Rätsel der Materialwissenschaften. Mit Hilfe von Computermodellen dringen wir bis in die atomistischen Details der Proteinbausteine ein, um die Geheimnisse der Spinnennetzarchitektur zu ergründen. Dabei entdecken wir, wie das Zusammenspiel von molekularen Strukturen auf den hierarchischen Ebenen die verblüffenden Eigenschaften der Seide hervorbringen. Sie ist ein extrem starkes, hochelastisches, schadenstolerantes, selbstheilendes und umweltfreundliches Material. Im Zeitalter des Stahls und Zements kann man von künstlichen Materialien mit solchen Eigenschaften nur träumen, die durch eine clevere Kombination von einfachen Bausteinen in komplexe hierarchische Strukturen erreicht werden.
Moleküle leisten Sisyphus‐Arbeit
Authors: Englert Barbara G. U. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Kühlung von Atomen bis hin zum ultrakalten Bose‐Einstein‐Kondensat ist seit Jahren Stand der Technik. Für Moleküle, insbesondere solche mit mehr als zwei Atomen, ist es bislang jedoch nicht gelungen, in diesen Temperaturbereich vorzustoßen. Die in unserer Gruppe am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Quantenoptik entwickelte optoelektrische Sisyphus‐Kühlung birgt erstmals das Potenzial, ultrakalte Moleküle zu produzieren.