bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to recruitment in mental health services: Care coordinators' expectations and experience of referring to a psychosis research trial
Authors: Bucci Sandra , Butcher Isabelle , Hartley Samantha , Neil Sandra T. , Mulligan John , Haddock Gillian 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveHigh‐quality research trials are necessary to provide evidence for the effective management of mental health difficulties, but successful recruitment can be challenging.DesignThis qualitative study examines the perceived barriers and facilitators to referring mental health service users to research trials. Seven care coordinators (n = 7) who facilitated the recruitment of participants to a cognitive behaviour therapy – informed psychosis intervention trial were interviewed.MethodDemographic information was collected by questionnaire and a semi‐structured guide was used to explore barriers and facilitators to referring to a partially randomized participant preference trial. Qualitative data were thematically analysed.ResultsFour key themes, each with a number of sub‐themes, were identified: (1) engage the care coordinator in the recruitment process, (2) barriers to referring to research studies, (3) facilitators to referring to research studies; (4) organisational constraints impact on implementing research outcomes into routine clinical practice.ConclusionsUnderstanding the barriers and facilitators to recruitment in mental health research could improve recruitment strategies. Our findings highlight the need for researchers’ to closely consider their recruitment strategies as service users are not always given the choice to participate in research. Several key recommendations are made based on these findings in order to maximize successful recruitment to research studies. Overall, we recommend that researchers’ adopt a flexible, tailor‐made approach for each clinical team to ensure a collaborative relationship is developed between research staff and clinicians.Practitioner points

A qualitative approach to understanding recruitment challenges provides a useful opportunity to explore the barriers and facilitators to recruiting participants to research studies.

These findings have practical implications that highlight the need for a collaborative partnership between researchers and clinical services.

Understanding the challenges and issues related to recruitment can help researchers consider strategies to overcome recruitment issues.

More research with a larger sample, across a broader population and in different mental health services is required.
Mechanisms for tolerance of very high tissue phosphorus concentrations in Ptilotus polystachyus
Authors: AZIZ TARIQ , LAMBERS HANS , NICOL DION , RYAN MEGAN H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStudy of plants with unusual phosphorus (P) physiology may assist development of more P‐efficient crops. Ptilotus polystachyus grows well at high P supply, when shoot P concentrations ( [P] ) may exceed 40 mg P g−1 dry matter (DM). We explored the P physiology of P. polystachyus seedlings grown in nutrient solution with 0–5 mM P. In addition, young leaves and roots of soil‐grown plants were used for cryo‐scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis. No P‐toxicity symptoms were observed, even at 5 mM P in solution. Shoot DM was similar at 0.1 and 1.0 mM P in solution, but was ∼14% lower at 2 and 5 mM P. At 1 mM P, [P] was 36, 18, 14 and 11 mg P g−1 DM in mature leaves, young leaves, stems and roots, respectively. Leaf potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations increased with increasing P supply. Leaf epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells had similar [P]. The root epidermis and most cortical cells had senesced, even in young roots. We conclude that preferential accumulation of P in mature leaves, accumulation of balancing cations and uniform distribution of P across leaf cell types allow P. polystachyus to tolerate very high leaf [P].
Transcription coactivator Arabidopsis ANGUSTIFOLIA3 modulates anthocyanin accumulation and light‐induced root elongation through transrepression of Constitutive Photomorphogenic1
Authors: MENG LAI‐SHENG 
Published: September 2014

AbstractANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3), a transcription coactivator, is implicated in modulating cell proliferation. In this study, I found that AN3 is a novel regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis and light‐induced root elongation. Seedlings and seeds lacking AN3 activity presented significantly reduced anthocyanin accumulation and light‐induced root elongation, whereas those of transgenic plants harbouring the 35S:AN3 construct exhibited increased anthocyanin accumulation. AN3 is required for the proper expression of other genes that affect anthocyanin accumulation and light‐induced root elongation, Constitutive Photomorphogenic1 (COP1), encoding a RING motif – containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. AN3 was associated with COP1 promoter in vivo. Thus, AN3 may act with other proteins that bind to COP1 promoter to promote anthocyanin accumulation and inhibit light‐induced root elongation.
Thrombospondin‐1 is part of a Slug‐independent motility and metastatic program in cutaneous melanoma, in association with VEGFR‐1 and FGF‐2
Authors: Borsotti Patrizia , Ghilardi Carmen , Ostano Paola , Silini Antonietta , Dossi Romina , Pinessi Denise , Foglieni Chiara , Scatolini Maria , Lacal Pedro M. , Ferrari Raffaele , Moscatelli Davide , Sangalli Fabio , D'Atri Stefania , Giavazzi Raffaella , Bani Maria Rosa , Chiorino Giovanna , Taraboletti Giulia 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDifferently from most transformed cells, cutaneous melanoma expresses the pleiotropic factor thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). Herein, we show that TSP‐1 (RNA and protein), undetectable in four cultures of melanocytes and a RGP melanoma, was variously present in 13 cell lines from advanced melanomas or metastases. Moreover, microarray analysis of 55 human lesions showed higher TSP‐1 expression in primary melanomas and metastases than in common and dysplastic nevi. In a functional enrichment analysis, the expression of TSP‐1 correlated with motility‐related genes. Accordingly, TSP‐1 production was associated with melanoma cell motility in vitro and lung colonization potential in vivo. VEGF/VEGFR‐1 and FGF‐2, involved in melanoma progression, regulated TSP‐1 production. These factors were coexpressed with TSP‐1 and correlated negatively with Slug (SNAI2), a cell migration master gene implicated in melanoma metastasis. We conclude that TSP‐1 cooperates with FGF‐2 and VEGF/VEGFR‐1 in determining melanoma invasion and metastasis, as part of a Slug‐independent motility program.
Coverage‐based treatment planning to accommodate deformable organ variations in prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Xu Huijun , Vile Douglas J. , Sharma Manju , Gordon J. James , Siebers Jeffrey V. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:To compare two coverage‐based planning (CP) techniques with standard fixed margin‐based planning (FM), considering the dosimetric impact of interfraction deformable organ motion exclusively for high‐risk prostate treatments.Methods:Nineteen prostate cancer patients with 8–13 prostate CT images of each patient were used to model patient‐specific interfraction deformable organ changes. The model was based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method and was used to predict the patient geometries for virtual treatment course simulation. For each patient, an IMRT plan using zero margin on target structures, prostate (CTVprostate) and seminal vesicles (CTVSV), were created, then evaluated by simulating 1000 30‐fraction virtual treatment courses. Each fraction was prostate centroid aligned. Patients whose D98 failed to achieve 95% coverage probability objective D98,95 ≥ 78 Gy (CTVprostate) or D98,95 ≥ 66 Gy (CTVSV) were replanned using planning techniques: (1) FM (PTVprostate = CTVprostate + 5 mm, PTVSV = CTVSV + 8 mm), (2) CPOM which optimized uniform PTV margins for CTVprostate and CTVSV to meet the coverage probability objective, and (3) CPCOP which directly optimized coverage probability objectives for all structures of interest. These plans were intercompared by computing probabilistic metrics, including 5% and 95% percentile DVHs (pDVH) and TCP/NTCP distributions.Results:All patients were replanned using FM and two CP techniques. The selected margins used in FM failed to ensure target coverage for 8/19 patients. Twelve CPOM plans and seven CPCOP plans were favored over the other plans by achieving desirable D98,95 while sparing more normal tissues.Conclusions:Coverage‐based treatment planning techniques can produce better plans than FM, while relative advantages of CPOM and CPCOP are patient‐specific.
Phase I/II Randomized Trial of Safety and Immunogenicity of LIPO-5 Alone, ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) Alone, and ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) Prime/LIPO-5 Boost in Healthy, HIV-1-Uninfected Adult Participants
Authors: Frey Sharon E. , Peiperl Laurence , McElrath M. Juliana , Kalams Spyros , Goepfert Paul A. , Keefer Michael C. , Baden Lindsey R. , Lally Michelle A. , Mayer Kenneth , Blattner William A. , Harro Clayton D. , Hammer Scott M. , Gorse Geoffrey J. , Hural John , Tomaras Georgia D. , Levy Yves , Gilbert Peter , deCamp Allan , Russell Nina D. , Elizaga Marnie , Allen Mary , Corey Lawrence 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTFinding an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine remains a major global health priority. In a phase I/II, placebo-controlled trial, healthy, HIV-1-negative adults were randomized to receive one of 5 vaccine regimens: LIPO-5 (combination of 5 lipopeptides) alone (250 μg), ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, or 3 groups of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) followed by ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) plus LIPO-5 (250, 750, and 2,500 μg). Only 73/174 participants (42%) received all four vaccinations due to a study halt related to myelitis. There were no significant differences in systemic reactions between groups or in local reactogenicity between groups receiving ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452). Significant differences in local reactogenicity occurred between groups receiving LIPO-5 (P≤ 0.05). Gag and Env antibodies were undetectable by ELISA 2 weeks after the fourth vaccination for all but one recipient. Antibodies to Gag and Env were present in 32% and 24% of recipients of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone and in 47% and 35% of ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452)+LIPO recipients, respectively. Coadministration of LIPO-5 did not significantly increase the response rate compared to ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, nor was there a significant relationship between dose and antibody responses among ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452)+LIPO groups. Over 90% of study participants had no positive gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot) responses to any peptide pool at any time point. The study was halted due to a case of myelitis possibly related to the LIPO-5 vaccine; this case of myelitis remains an isolated event. In general, there was no appreciable cell-mediated immunity detected in response to the vaccines used in this study, and antibody responses were limited. The clinical trial is registered onClinicalTrials.govwith registry number NCT00076063.
Genomic Load from Sputum Samples and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Albrich Werner C. , Madhi Shabir A. , Adrian Peter V. , Telles Jean-Noel , Paranhos-Baccalà Glaucia , Klugman Keith P. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Quantitative
lytA
real-time PCR (rtPCR) results from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs distinguish community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) from asymptomatic colonization. The use of an optimized cutoff value improved pneumococcal etiology determination compared to that of traditional diagnostic methods. Here, we compare the utility of
lytA
rtPCR from induced sputum and from NP swabs. Pneumococcus was considered the cause of CAP in HIV-infected South African adults if blood culture, induced-sputum culture or Gram stain, urine antigen test, or whole-blood
lytA
rtPCR revealed pneumococcus or if
lytA
rtPCR from NP swabs gave a result of >8,000 copies/ml.
lytA
rtPCR was also performed on induced sputum. Pneumococcus was detected by
lytA
rtPCR from sputum in 149 (67.1%) of 222 patients with available induced sputum, whereas the results of either Gram stain or culture of sputum were positive in 105 of 229 patients (45.9%;
P
< 0.001). The mean copy numbers from sputum were higher when the sputum cultures were positive than when the sputum cultures were negative (7.9 versus 5.6 log
10
copies/ml;
P
< 0.001). Against the composite diagnostic standard, a cutoff value of 10,000 copies/ml for good-quality sputum
lytA
rtPCR had a sensitivity of 78.1% and a specificity of 80.0%. This cutoff value performed similarly to the previously identified cutoff value of 8,000 copies/ml for NP swab
lytA
rtPCR (area under the curve receiver operating characteristic [AUC-ROC], 80.4% for sputum of any quality versus 79.6% for NP swabs). The AUC-ROC for good-quality sputum was 83.2%. Overall,
lytA
rtPCR performs similarly well on induced sputum as on NP swabs for most patients but performs slightly better if good-quality sputum can be obtained. Due to the ease of specimen collection, NP swabs may be preferable for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.
Ruling out False-Positive Urinary Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 and Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen Test Results by Heating Urine
Authors: Pontoizeau C. , Dangers L. , Jarlier V. , Luyt C. E. , Guiller E. , Fievet M. H. , Lecsö-Bornet M. , Aubry A. , Brossier F. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here false-positive urinary
Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
antigen test results due to rabbit antilymphocyte serum treatment and provide a simple and fast solution to rule them out by heating urine.
Severity-Related Changes of Bronchial Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Garcia-Nuñez Marian , Millares Laura , Pomares Xavier , Ferrari Rafaela , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Gallego Miguel , Espasa Mateu , Moya Andrés , Monsó Eduard 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Bronchial colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) is often demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but culture-based techniques identify only a portion of the bacteria in mucosal surfaces. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the bronchial microbiome of COPD associated with the severity of the disease. The bronchial microbiome of COPD patients was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing in sputum samples obtained during stable disease. Seventeen COPD patients were studied (forced expiratory volume in the first second expressed as a percentage of the forced vital capacity [FEV
1
%] median, 35.0%; interquartile range [IQR], 31.5 to 52.0), providing a mean of 4,493 (standard deviation [SD], 2,598) sequences corresponding to 47 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (SD, 17) at a 97% identity level. Patients were dichotomized according to their lung function as moderate to severe when their FEV
1
% values were over the median and as advanced when FEV
1
% values were lower. The most prevalent phyla in sputum were
Proteobacteria
(44%) and
Firmicutes
(16%), followed by
Actinobacteria
(13%). A greater microbial diversity was found in patients with moderate-to-severe disease, and alpha diversity showed a statistically significant decrease in patients with advanced disease when assessed by Shannon (ρ = 0.528;
P
= 0.029, Spearman correlation coefficient) and Chao1 (ρ = 0.53;
P
= 0.028, Spearman correlation coefficient) alpha-diversity indexes. The higher severity that characterizes advanced COPD is paralleled by a decrease in the diversity of the bronchial microbiome, with a loss of part of the resident flora that is replaced by a more restricted microbiota that includes PPMs.
Isolation and Biological and Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Canine Cutaneous Toxoplasmosis in Brazil
Authors: Pena Hilda F. J. , Moroz Ludmila R. , Sozigan Rita K. B. , Ajzenberg Daniel , Carvalho Fernando R. , Mota Caroline M. , Mineo Tiago W. P. , Marcili Arlei 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous toxoplasmosis is a rare manifestation. This study represents a case report of an immunosuppressed dog that developed nodular dermal lesions caused by
Toxoplasma gondii
. The isolate (TgDgBr20) was characterized as mouse virulent and was genotyped as type BrI (ToxoDB genotype 6) using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and as Africa 1 through microsatellite analysis.
Enzyme Immunoassay versus Latex Agglutination Cryptococcal Antigen Assays in Adults with Non-HIV-Related Cryptococcosis
Authors: Panackal Anil A. , Dekker John P. , Proschan Michael , Beri Andrea , Williamson Peter R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
We compared paired enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and latex agglutination (LA) assay results with 185 blood and 164 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 44 and 33 non-HIV cryptococcosis patients, respectively. The LA assay cutoff of 1:256 in the blood and 1:32 in the CSF was most highly predictive of a positive EIA result. The EIA missed 18.4% detected by the LA assay in the blood samples and 7.8% detected by the LA assay in the CSF samples. We note here the improved sensitivity of the LA assay over the EIA in non-HIV patients.
Genotypic Characterization of Canine Coronaviruses Associated with Fatal Canine Neonatal Enteritis in the United States
Authors: Licitra Beth N. , Whittaker Gary R. , Dubovi Edward J. , Duhamel Gerald E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Emerging canine coronavirus (CCoV) variants that are associated with systemic infections have been reported in the European Union; however, CCoV-associated disease in the United States is incompletely characterized. The purpose of this study was to correlate the clinicopathological findings and viral antigen distribution with the genotypic characteristics of CCoV in 11 puppies from nine premises in five states that were submitted for diagnostic investigation at Cornell University between 2008 and 2013. CCoV antigen was found in epithelial cells of small intestinal villi in all puppies and the colon in 2 of the 10 puppies where colon specimens were available. No evidence of systemic CCoV infection was found. Comparative sequence analyses of viral RNA extracted from intestinal tissues revealed CCoV-II genotype in 9 out of 11 puppies. Of the nine CCoV-IIs, five were subtyped as group IIa and one as IIb, while three CCoVs could not be subtyped. One of the CCoV-IIa variants was isolated in cell culture. Infection with CCoV alone was found in five puppies, of which two also had small intestinal intussusception. Concurrent infections with either parvovirus (
n
= 1), attaching-effacing
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 4), or protozoan parasites (
n
= 3) were found in the other six puppies. CCoV is an important differential diagnosis in outbreaks of severe enterocolitis among puppies between 4 days and 21 weeks of age that are housed at high population density. These findings will assist with the rapid laboratory diagnosis of enteritis in puppies and highlight the need for continued surveillance for CCoV variants and intestinal viral diseases of global significance.
Modeling the Timing of Antilatency Drug Administration during HIV Treatment
Authors: Petravic Janka , Martyushev Alexey , Reece Jeanette C. , Kent Stephen J. , Davenport Miles P. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTLatently infected cells are considered a major barrier to the cure of HIV infection, since they are long-lived under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cause viral replication to restart soon after stopping ART. In the last decade, different types of antilatency drugs have been explored with the aim of reactivating and purging this latent reservoir and the hope of achieving a cure. Because of toxicity and safety considerations, antilatency drugs can only be given for a short time to patients on long-term ART, with little effect. We recently investigated the turnover of latently infected cells during active infection and have found that it was strongly correlated with viral load. This implies that although latently infected cells had long life spans in a setting of a low viral load (such as during ART), they turned over quickly under a high viral load. Possible reasons for this could be that an increased viral load causes increased activation or death of CD4+T cells, including those that are latently infected. Taking these results into account, we developed a mathematical model to study the most appropriate timing of antilatency drugs in relationship to the initiation of ART. We found that the best timing of a short-term antilatency drug would be the start of ART, when viral load, CD4+T cell activation, and latent cell turnover are all high. These results have important implications for the design of HIV cure-related clinical trials.IMPORTANCEThe antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV-infected patients currently needs to be lifelong, because the cells latently infected with HIV start new rounds of infection as soon as the treatment is stopped. In the last decade, a number of different types of antilatency drugs have been explored with the aim of “reactivating” and “purging” this latent reservoir and thus achieving a cure. These drugs have thus far been tested on patients only after long-term ART and have demonstrated little or no effect. We use mathematical modeling to show that the most efficacious timing of a short-term antilatency treatment may be the start of ART because of possible interactions of antilatency drugs with natural activation pathways.