bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracoastal shipping drives patterns of regional population expansion by an invasive marine invertebrate
Authors: Darling John A. , Herborg Leif‐Matthias , Davidson Ian C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the factors contributing to expansion of nonnative populations is a critical step toward accurate risk assessment and effective management of biological invasions. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted explicitly to test hypotheses regarding factors driving invasive spread by seeking correlations between patterns of vector movement and patterns of genetic connectivity. Herein, we describe such an attempt for the invasive tunicate Styela clava in the northeastern Pacific. We utilized microsatellite data to estimate gene flow between samples collected throughout the known range of S. clava in the region, and assessed correlation of these estimates with patterns of intracoastal commercial vessel traffic. Our results suggest that recent shipping patterns have contributed to the contemporary distribution of genetic variation. However, the analysis also indicates that other factors—including a complex invasion history and the influence of other vectors—have partially obscured genetic patterns associated with intracoastal population expansion.
Extensive genetic diversity and rapid population differentiation during blooms of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae) in an isolated salt pond on Cape Cod, MA, USA
Authors: Richlen Mindy L. , Erdner Deana L. , McCauley Linda A. R. , Libera Katie , Anderson Donald M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn Massachusetts, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is annually recurrent along the coastline, including within several small embayments on Cape Cod. One such system, the Nauset Marsh System (NMS), supports extensive marshes and a thriving shellfishing industry. Over the last decade, PSP in the NMS has grown significantly worse; however, the origins and dynamics of the toxic Alexandrium fundyense (Balech) populations that bloom within the NMS are not well known. This study examined a collection of 412 strains isolated from the NMS and the Gulf of Maine (GOM) in 2006–2007 to investigate the genetic characteristics of localized blooms and assess connectivity with coastal populations. Comparisons of genetic differentiation showed that A. fundyense blooms in the NMS exhibited extensive clonal diversity and were genetically distinct from populations in the GOM. In both project years, genetic differentiation was observed among temporal samples collected from the NMS, sometimes occurring on the order of approximately 7 days. The underlying reasons for temporal differentiation are unknown, but may be due, in part, to life‐cycle characteristics unique to the populations in shallow embayments, or possibly driven by selection from parasitism and zooplankton grazing; these results highlight the need to investigate the role of selective forces in the genetic dynamics of bloom populations. The small geographic scale and limited connectivity of NMS salt ponds provide a novel system for investigating regulators of blooms, as well as the influence of selective forces on population structure, all of which are otherwise difficult or impossible to study in the adjacent open‐coastal waters or within larger estuaries.
Synthesis of Precursors for Large‐Diameter Hemispherical Buckybowls and Precursors for Short Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mueller Andreas , Amsharov Konstantin Yu. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis of six precursor molecules for the rational synthesis of isomerically pure armchair, zigzag, or chiral single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons possess the required carbon connectivity for the generation of extended hemispherical buckybowls with predefined geometry through intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation. The precursors for the short carbon nanotubes and the large‐diameter hemispherical buckybowls have potential for the rational initiation of single‐chirality SWCNT growth on metal surfaces. The options for the construction of precursors for various SWCNT chiralities based on the suggested synthesis strategy are presented.
Culture writes the script: On the centrality of context in indigenous evaluation
Authors: LaFrance Joan , Nichols Richard , Kirkhart Karen E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractContext grounds all aspects of indigenous evaluation. From an indigenous evaluation framework (IEF), programs are understood within their relationship to place, setting, and community, and evaluations are planned, undertaken, and validated in relation to cultural context. This chapter describes and explains fundamental elements of IEF epistemology and method and gives several examples of these elements from evaluations in American Indian communities. IEF underscores the importance of putting context ahead of method choice and suggests that context exerts an even greater impact than previously recognized. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Political culture as context for evaluation
Authors: Dahler‐Larsen Peter , Schwandt Thomas A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOne way to understand the context of evaluation is in terms of its interaction with political culture. That culture includes citizens' views of the role of government and of evaluation and the history of the polity. This chapter illustrates the relationship of political culture and evaluation by means of two accounts of Danish political culture. The chapter also draws on this analysis to stimulate our thinking on the very idea of how context can be studied. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Focal aberrations indicate EYA2 and hsa‐miR‐375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor in cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Bierkens Mariska , Krijgsman Oscar , Wilting Saskia M. , Bosch Leontien , Jaspers Annelieke , Meijer Gerrit A. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Snijders Peter J. F. , Ylstra Bauke , Steenbergen Renske D. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCervical cancer results from persistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV). Common genetic aberrations in cervical (pre)cancers encompass large genomic regions with numerous genes, hampering identification of driver genes. This study aimed to identify genes functionally involved in HPV‐mediated transformation by analysis of focal aberrations (<3 Mb) in high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (hgCIN). Focal chromosomal aberrations were determined in high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization data of 60 hgCIN. Genes located within focal aberrations were validated using 2 external gene expression datasets or qRT‐PCR. Functional roles of candidate genes EYA2 (20q13) and hsa‐miR‐375 (2q35) were studied by siRNA‐mediated knock‐down and overexpression, respectively, in hrHPV‐containing cell lines. We identified 74 focal aberrations encoding 305 genes. Concurrent altered expression in hgCIN and/or cervical carcinomas compared with normal cervical samples was shown for ATP13A3, HES1, OPA1, HRASLS, EYA2, ZMYND8, APOBEC2, and NCR2. Gene silencing of EYA2 significantly reduced viability, migratory capacity, and anchorage‐independent growth of HPV16‐transformed keratinocytes. For hsa‐miR‐375, a direct correlation between a (focal) loss and significantly reduced expression was found. Downregulation of hsa‐miR‐375 expression was confirmed in an independent series of cervical tissues. Ectopic expression of hsa‐miR‐375 in 2 cervical carcinoma cell lines reduced cellular viability. Our data provide a proof of concept that chromosomal aberrations are actively contributing to HPV‐induced carcinogenesis and identify EYA2 and hsa‐miR‐375 as oncogene and tumor suppressor gene, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common attributes of hydraulically fractured oil and gas production and CO2 geological sequestration
Authors: Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Duncan Ian J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAreal footprints of current and future hydraulically fractured oil and gas reservoirs and potential CO2 geological‐sequestration intervals often overlap in sedimentary basins. Significant vertical separations between prospective subsurface volumes, however, will limit their interaction, particularly if the carbon‐storage site is deeper than the hydrocarbon resource. Recent intense development of shale resources translates into a reduced need for sequestration capacity. It has also resulted in technological innovations directly transferable to the carbon‐storage industry, in particular progress on well completion, such as new approaches to cementing, more mature horizontal drilling methods, and development of field‐treatment techniques for saline water. In addition, knowledge collected by operators on stratigraphy and faults – for example, using 3D seismic – and on abandoned wells is directly useful in reducing risk in future carbon‐storage projects. Both industries can benefit from development of regional transmission pipelines, pipeline rights‐of‐way, and a trained workforce. From a regulatory standpoint, hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight formations is not considered injection. Under the US UIC program, because hydraulically fractured wells fall under the production category, they do not follow the same set of rules for protecting water resources as oil and gas industry disposal wells do (UIC Class II). Both subsurface uses share some risk elements, however. Environmental risks result mostly from abandoned wells and faults, poorly characterized for carbon storage, and from defective well completions and surface spills during oil and gas production. Operators of both fields are also concerned about disposal of large fluid volumes possibly generating seismic events. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
N2O emission and reduction in the electronics manufacturing industries
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Ryu In‐Soo , Moon Seung‐Hyun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractElectronics manufacturing industries have rapidly developed in South Korea. To reduce the use of fluorinated gases having high global warming potential (GWP) in their processes, companies have recently attempted to replace these gases with nitrous oxide (N2O). Unfortunately, N2O itself has a GWP of 310 and is one of the main greenhouse gases. The electronics manufacturing industries should therefore consider reducing N2O emissions from their processes. This study measured the N2O emission from a large display manufacturing plant in South Korea and investigated the removal of N2O at the site of the plant by either a catalytic decomposition process or a reduction process. We suggest a hybrid N2O reduction process to effectively reduce the N2O emissions of the electronics manufacturing industries. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Transoral en bloc resection of superficial laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers
Authors: Okami Kenji , Ebisumoto Koji , Sakai Akihiro , Sugimoto Ryousuke , Maki Daisuke , Saito Kosuke , Kaneda Shoji , Iida Masahiro , Ogura Go , Nakamura Naoya , Nishiyama Koichiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive transoral en bloc resection of superficial pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.MethodsForty‐one superficial lesions (from 35 patients) were resected transorally under a surgical microscope using a monopolar cautery. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using a questionnaire European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35) 1 year after the surgery.ResultsTwenty‐eight hypopharyngeal, 5 oropharyngeal, and 8 laryngeal cancers were operated on using this method. The surgical field was widely exposed with a wide‐caliber scope or extending laryngoscope. A bimanual procedure under a surgical microscope enabled us to achieve en bloc resection. The local control rate was 98%. No postoperative dyspnea or dysphagia was observed. Postoperative QOL scores were favorable.ConclusionsOur transoral en bloc resection technique can be easily adopted, and it effectively maintained QOL after treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Pan Jianji , Tang Tianlan , Xu Luying , Lu Jiade J. , Lin Senan , Qiu Sufang , Chen Gang , K. Tham Ivan W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe association between expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the long‐term outcomes in treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied.MethodsExpression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was assessed in 128 patients with NPC. Overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were compared for different expression levels of each marker. Multivariate analysis was by the Cox regression model.ResultsMedian follow‐up after radiation therapy ± chemotherapy was 116 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that COX‐2, VEGF, EGFR, and clinical stage were all independent predictors for OS, DFS, locoregional control, and distant metastasis–free survival rates.ConclusionsHigh expression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR were independent adverse prognostic factors for long‐term outcomes in nonmetastatic NPC independent of clinical stage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Use of molecular biomarkers in FNA specimens to personalize treatment for thyroid surgery
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundAccurate preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) continues to be a challenge, often resulting in unnecessary diagnostic surgical intervention. The detection of several novel gene mutations in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) over the last decade has led to the diagnostic use of these oncogenic alterations to improve FNAB sensitivity and specificity.Methods and ResultsThyroid oncogene mutations including BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC are reviewed. The potential benefit of using this panel on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology samples will be described.ConclusionOur use of ‘‘reflexive’’ molecular testing demonstrates its clinical value in conjunction with FNAB cytology, representing an application of personalized molecular medicine to guide appropriate surgical therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1499–1506, 2013
Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in background of oral submucous fibrosis: a clinicopathologically distinct disease
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Vaishampayan Sagar S. , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Agarwal J. P. , Kane S. V. , Pawar Prashant , Datta Sourav 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundOral cancer is the most common cancer in Indian males and is the third most common cancer in Indian females. Tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the common etiologic factors. Each of these agents follows a unique model of carcinogenesis that leads to a certain distinct presentation and behavior. For example, HPV is strongly associated with oropharyngeal cancers in younger age and is known to have a better outcome and specific histopathologic characteristics. A high incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is linked to areca nut (group 1 human carcinogen) chewing in the Indian subcontinent.MethodsWe prospectively studied 371 consecutive patients with proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Of these, 112 patients had oral cancer with OSMF and 259 had oral cancer without OSMF. All patients underwent standard management and their clinicopathologic findings were recorded.ResultsWe found that patients of oral cancer with OSMF are younger males with better prognostic factors such as better grade of tumor differentiation, lesser incidence of nodal metastases, and extracapsular spread. This difference was maintained even after matching for stage. We also report that presence of OSMF is an independent factor influencing nodal metastases.ConclusionsBased on these findings we propose that oral cancers with OSMF constitute a clinicopathologically distinct disease. Since all patients with OSMF had chewed areca nut with or without smokeless tobacco, we believe that the differences in the 2 groups emanate from differential mechanisms of areca nut carcinogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1404–1409, 2013
Metastasis over implantable venous access ports
Authors: Lee Chun‐Hong , Day An‐Shiou , Hwang Tzer‐Zen 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThe totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is an important device for patients receiving chemotherapy. We have reported, to our knowledge, the first case of a metastatic tumor over a TIVAP implanted via the Seldinger technique with a subclavian vein puncture.MethodsOur patient, a 48‐year‐old man with hard palate cancer, had metastasis over the TIVAP. CT studies showed that the tumor had spread along the catheter from the neck to the chest wall.ResultsThe cause of death was multiple lung metastases and intractable tumor bleeding over the TIVAP.ConclusionsWe present a novel case of metastasis over the TIVAP implanted by use of the Seldinger technique. This technique is used for patients receiving prolonged cytotoxic therapy for malignancy. Although the Seldinger technique is quick and more effective, we prefer the cephalic vein cut‐down technique when an aggressive, advanced cancer of head and neck is involved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E314–E316, 2013
Case of pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting as extramedullary tumor of the mandible
Authors: Yamashita Yoshio , Isomura Naoko , Hamasaki Yuhei , Goto Masaaki 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a malignant subtype of acute myeloid leukemia caused by the PML‐retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α fusion gene. APL may be discovered in adulthood and diagnosed after spontaneous gingival bleeding or difficulty in hemostasis after oral surgery such as tooth extraction. However, APL is extremely rare in children.Methods and ResultsA 1‐year‐old boy presented with a mass on the mentum of the mandible. The marked periosteal reaction was seen on CT and MRI, leading to strong suspicion of a malignant bone‐derived tumor such as a sarcoma. Chromosome banding by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed PML‐RARα, confirming the diagnosis of APL. Treatment with tretinoin was immediately initiated. No signs of recurrence have been noted 1 year after treatment.ConclusionsWe report herein a rare case involving an infant with APL who presented with an extramedullary tumor of the mandible, whom we treated with good results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E310–E313, 2013
Buried free flaps in head and neck surgery: Outcome analysis
Authors: Lindau Robert H. , Detwiller Kara , Wax Mark K. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundOver the last several decades, reconstruction of the head and neck oncologic defect has been revolutionized by the use of microvascular free tissue transfer. The majority of these defects can be reconstructed with the ability to visually monitor the flap, to intervene as soon as vascular compromise becomes evident. Occasionally, it is necessary to use a flap that has no visual external monitor: a buried free flap. A belief has circulated within the microvascular community that buried free flaps do not do as well as visible flaps. By our review, there are no recent data in the literature to support this position. We present our data on the outcomes of buried free flaps in microvascular reconstruction.MethodsA single institutional retrospective review of 1492 flaps was performed between January 1999 and December 2011. A total of 103 free flaps (7.2%) were identified as meeting the criteria for a buried flap. It should be noted that all flaps with or without an external segment were monitored with an implantable Doppler. The flap failure and complications are defined as those failures or complications occurring within 2 weeks of surgery and related to the operation or to the flap itself.ResultsIn all, 5 of the 103 patients (4.9%) had complications requiring reoperative intervention. There were no instances of flap failure within the first 2 weeks of surgery.ConclusionIn our series, there are no differences in flap failure rates comparing buried flaps to externally monitored flaps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1468–1470, 2013
Recognition memory and synaptic plasticity in the perirhinal and prefrontal cortices
Authors: Banks P.J. , Bashir Z.I. , Brown M.W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWork is reviewed that relates recognition memory to studies of synaptic plasticity mechanisms in perirhinal and prefrontal cortices. The aim is to consider evidence that perirhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex store rather than merely transmit information necessary for recognition memory and, if so, to consider what mechanisms are potentially available within these cortices for producing such storage through synaptic change. Interventions with known actions on plasticity mechanisms are reviewed in relation to their effects on recognition memory processes. These interventions importantly include those involving antagonism of glutamatergic and cholinergic receptors but also inhibition of plasticity consolidation and expression mechanisms. It is concluded that there is strong evidence that perirhinal cortex is involved in information storage necessary for object recognition memory and, moreover, that such storage involves synaptic weakening mechanisms including the removal of AMPA glutamate receptors from synapses. There is good evidence that medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for associative and temporal order recognition memory and that this cortex expresses plasticity mechanisms that potentially allow the storage of information. However, the case for medial prefrontal cortex acting as a store requires further support. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related impairment in a complex object discrimination task that engages perirhinal cortex
Authors: Ryan L. , Cardoza J.A. , Barense M.D. , Kawa K.H. , Wallentin‐Flores J. , Arnold W.T. , Alexander G.E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrevious lesion studies have shown compromised complex object discrimination in rats, monkeys, and human patients with damage to the perirhinal cortical region (PRC) of the medial temporal lobe. These findings support the notion that the PRC is involved in object discrimination when pairs of objects have a high degree of overlapping features but not when object discrimination can be resolved on the basis of a single feature (e.g., size or color). Recent studies have demonstrated age‐related functional changes to the PRC in animals (rats and monkeys) resulting in impaired complex object discrimination and object recognition. To date, no studies have compared younger and older humans using paradigms previously shown to engage the PRC. To investigate the influence of age on complex object discrimination in humans, the present study used an object matching paradigm for blob‐like objects that have previously been shown to recruit the PRC. Difficulty was manipulated by varying the number of overlapping features between objects. Functional MRI data was acquired to determine the involvement of the PRC in the two groups during complex object discrimination. Results indicated that while young and older adults performed similarly on the easy version of the task, most older adults were impaired relative to young participants when the number of overlapping features increased. fMRI results suggest that older adults do not engage bilateral anterior PRC to the same extent as young adults. Specifically, complex object matching performance in older adults was predicted by the degree to which they engage left anterior PRC. These results provide evidence for human age‐related changes in PRC function that impact complex object discrimination. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.