bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study demands and health status among medical students in two German universities
Authors: Voss Amanda , Dettmer Susanne , Tschorn Mira , Zoellick Jan C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aim
Medical students regularly report high study demands and low mental health. Both demands and mental health can be influenced by the curricular structure of degree programmes. We thus studied medical students in two different curricula in Germany, investigating their study demands, study and life satisfaction, and overall and mental health, with emphasis on contrasting beginners and advanced students.

Subject and methods
We used online surveys with convenience samples through university mailing lists and student union channels. Uni1 participants (N = 357; 70% female; M = 24.83 years) were older than Uni2 participants (N = 126; 79% female; M = 23.39 years), but the cohorts did not differ further regarding sociodemographic variables. The main outcomes were study demands on six dimensions, study and life satisfaction, and overall and mental health. For analyses, we used t-tests for comparisons and correlations for associations.

Results
Students of both universities reported good mental and overall health as well as high satisfaction with their studies and lives, although sleep difficulties were prevalent. Study demands were low to medium, with the highest demands being learning activities (M = 5.31; SD = 2.19, scale 0–10), self-structuring (M = 4.61; SD = 2.01), and performance pressure (M = 4.45; SD = 2.27). The students in the reformed degree programme reported fewer issues with integrating theory and practice than those in the regular degree programme (MUni1 = 3.38; SDUni1 = 2.05; MUni2 = 4.17; SDUni2 = 2.06; t(430) = −3.53, p < .001).

Conclusion
Our sample was rather resilient regarding mental health and coping with study demands. The two universities showed little to no differences. With relative increased demands regarding learning activities, self-structuring, and performance pressure, we suggest focusing on learning strategies for beginners and strategies for stress reduction to address, among other things, the reported sleep difficulties.
Families of annihilating skew-selfadjoint operators and their connection to Hilbert complexes
Authors: Pauly Dirk , Picard Rainer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this short note we show that Hilbert complexes are strongly related to what we shall call annihilating sets of skew-selfadjoint operators. This provides for a new perspective on the classical topic of Hilbert complexes viewed as families of commuting normal operators.
5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in combination with kinase inhibitor lapatinib enhances glioblastoma cell death
Authors: Chandratre Sharayu , Merenich Daniel , Myers Kenneth , Chen Bin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an intraoperative imaging agent approved for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided resection of glioblastoma (GBM). It is currently under clinical evaluation for photodynamic therapy (PDT) after the completion of GBM surgery. We previously showed that lapatinib, a clinical kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 & 2 (EGFR and HER2), enhanced PpIX fluorescence in a panel of GBM cell lines by blocking ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2)-mediated PpIX efflux, which suggests its potential for improving ALA for GBM surgery and PDT. Here we show that lapatinib enhanced PDT-induced cytotoxicity by promoting GBM cell death with the induction of apoptosis followed by necrosis. While the induction of tumor cell apoptosis was massive and rapid in the H4 cell line with no detectable Bcl-2 and a low level of Bcl-xL, it was delayed and much less in extent in A172, U-87 and U-118 cell lines with higher levels of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins. Lapatinib treatment alone neither reduced GBM cell viability nor had any significant effect on EGFR downstream signaling. Its enhancement of ALA–PDT was largely due to the increase of intracellular PpIX particularly in the mitochondria, resulting in the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in H4 cells. Our present study demonstrates that lapatinib inhibits ABCG2-mediated PpIX efflux and sensitizes GBM cells to ALA–PDT by inducing tumor cell death.
Scale dimensions in public participation GIS: an overview for planning and research
Authors: Kajosaari Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuestions of spatial scale infiltrate Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) in multiple phases of the data collection from the design of a PPGIS survey to the use of the produced spatial knowledge. This paper provides an overview on how spatial scale and scale effects influence the use of PPGIS tools and the validity and usability of the spatial data they produce. The paper approached scale from two complimentary perspectives: as a concept in human geography and as an attribute of cartographic representation in geographic information science. This discussion is organized around three main viewpoints on scale and PPGIS, namely (1) scale in data collection denoting the geographic extent of the study area and the study population, (2) scale in survey design manifested in technical issues, cartographic representation, usability, and design of the mapping activities, and (3) scale and scale effects in the analysis of PPGIS data and the production of spatial knowledge. Together, these views on scale outline the main scale-related issues to consider when planning a PPGIS survey or working with secondary PPGIS data.
The Immunomodulatory Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in a Retinal Inflammatory Environment
Authors: Palacka Katerina , Hermankova Barbora , Cervena Tereza , Rossner Pavel , Zajicova Alena , Uherkova Eva , Holan Vladimir , Javorkova Eliska 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Activation of immune response plays an important role in the development of retinal diseases. One of the main populations of immune cells contributing to the retinal homeostasis are microglia, which represent a population of residential macrophages. However, under pathological conditions, microglia become activated and rather support a harmful inflammatory reaction and retinal angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting these cells could provide protection against retinal neuroinflammation and neovascularization. In the recent study, we analyzed effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on microglia in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the AgNPs interact in vitro with stimulated mouse CD45/CD11b positive cells (microglia/macrophages), decrease their secretion of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor, and regulate the expression of genes for Iba-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In our in vivo experimental mouse model, the intravitreal application of a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and interferon-γ induced local inflammation and increased local expression of genes for inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-α, IL-1β and galectin-3 in the retina. This stimulation of local inflammatory reaction was significantly inhibited by intravitreal administration of AgNPs. The application of AgNPs also decreased the presence of CD11b/Galectin-3 positive cells in neuroinflammatory retina, but did not influence viability of cells and expression of gene for rhodopsin in the retinal tissue. These data indicate that AgNPs regulate reactivity of activated microglia in the diseased retina and thus could provide a beneficial effect for the treatment of several retinal diseases.
The marginal value of public funds: a brief guide and application to tax policy
Authors: Bastani Spencer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a brief and accessible guide to the Marginal Value of Public Funds (MVPF) and offers some new perspectives on its application to the evaluation of tax policy. Specifically, the paper aims to: (i) bridge the gap between traditional uses of the Marginal Cost of Public Funds and the growing interest in the MVPF approach, (ii) highlight the crucial link between the MVPF and tax policy, (iii) critically discuss empirical quantification, particularly with respect to tax elasticities, and (iv) explore distributional considerations and their connection to the literature on optimal redistributive taxation.
Facilitating collaborative inquiry into practice around artifacts of mathematics teaching
Authors: Ebby Caroline B. , Hess Brittany , Pecora Lizzy , Valerio Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough there has been increasing attention to the importance of teacher agency in professional development, there has been little attention to what it takes to facilitate collaborative work that both centers teachers’ assets and expertise and leads to productive learning. This paper presents a framework for focused and responsive facilitation of productive discourse around instructional practice in teacher learning communities. Drawing on a situative perspective, we trace the development of six novice teacher leaders as they were mentored to lead online collaborative lesson design groups focused on analyzing artifacts of K-8 mathematics instruction in a large urban district in the US. Our framework articulates how leaders facilitated the discussions in ways that both built on teacher knowledge, experiences, and contributions while also focusing on professional learning goals. Our analysis also shows how rich learning opportunities were co-constructed and sustained by the mentors, teacher leaders, and participants in each group over time. Through narrative descriptions of one group, we show how the teacher participants began to take on some of the facilitation practices themselves as they apprenticed into the practices of the community. This approach to professional learning positions teachers’ experience and knowledge as important assets while supporting them to try out and reflect on new classroom practices.
Functional Limit Theorems for Dynamical Systems with Correlated Maximal Sets
Authors: Couto Raquel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to obtain functional limit theorems for heavy-tailed stationary processes arising from dynamical systems, one needs to understand the clustering patterns of the tail observations of the process. These patterns are well described by means of a structure called the pilling process introduced recently in the context of dynamical systems. So far, the pilling process has been computed only for observable functions maximised at a single repelling fixed point. Here, we study richer clustering behaviours by considering correlated maximal sets, in the sense that the observable is maximised in multiple points belonging to the same orbit, and we work out explicit expressions for the pilling process when the dynamics is piecewise linear and expanding (1-dimensional and 2-dimensional).
Intergenerational Occurrence of Premature Birth and Reproductive Health in Prematurely-Born Women in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Sullivan Mary C. , Brewer Pamela L. , Roberts Mary B. , Wild Robert A. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Eaton Charles B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To compare reproductive history and postmenopausal health by birth status (preterm vs. full term) in a U.S. longitudinal study of postmenopausal women. Birth status was examined according to region of residence, household, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods
In the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study, 2271 women were born prematurely (< 37 weeks). ANOVA and Chi-square determined birth status differences of reproductive history, pregnancy, and postmenopausal health. Odds ratios were calculated using either binary logistic or multinomial logistic regression. SES and U.S. region of residence were examined as potential effect modifiers.

Results
Preterm-born women compared to term-born women had higher risk of delivering a premature infant (aOR 1.68, 95% CI [1.46, 1.93]), higher odds of later-age first pregnancy (aOR 1.27 95% CI [1.02, 1.58]), longer duration to become pregnant (> 1 year to pregnancy) (aOR 1.10 95% CI [1.01, 1.21]), more miscarriages (aOR 1.23 95% CI [1.11, 1.37]), and more pregnancy complications including hypertension (aOR 1.58 95% CI (1.13, 2.21)], preeclampsia (aOR 1.64 95% CI [1.24, 2.16]), and gestational diabetes (aOR 1.68 95% CI [1.11, 2.53]). Preterm-born women had higher odds of menopause before age 50 (aOR 1.09 95% CI [1.05, 1.14]). Post-menopause, they had higher rates of diabetes (p = .01), hypertension (p = .01), hysterectomy (p = .045), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (p = .01).

Conclusions
Preterm-born women had higher reproductive and pregnancy risks which when coupled with early menopause, may indicate a shorter childbearing period than term-born women. Guidelines for integration of preterm history in women’s health care across the life course are needed to identify and manage their higher risk.
Tracking daily paths in home contexts with RSSI fingerprinting based on UWB through deep learning models
Authors: Polo-Rodríguez A. , Valera J. C. , Peral J. , Gil D. , Medina-Quero J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe field of human activity recognition has evolved significantly, driven largely by advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) device technology, particularly in personal devices. This study investigates the use of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for tracking inhabitant paths in home environments using deep learning models. UWB technology estimates user locations via time-of-flight and time-difference-of-arrival methods, which are significantly affected by the presence of walls and obstacles in real environments, reducing their precision. To address these challenges, we propose a fingerprinting-based approach utilizing received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data collected from inhabitants in two flats (60 m$$ ^2 $$

2

and 100 m$$ ^2 $$

2

) while performing daily activities. We compare the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and hybrid CNN+LSTM models, as well as the use of Bluetooth technology. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of the type and duration of the temporal window (future, past, or a combination of both). Our results demonstrate a mean absolute error close to 50 cm, highlighting the superiority of the hybrid model in providing accurate location estimates, thus facilitating its application in daily human activity recognition in residential settings.
Flexibility Stigma Across Europe: How National Contexts can Shift the Extent to which Flexible Workers are Stigmatised
Authors: Chung Heejung , Seo Hyojin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough flexible working has expanded rapidly, especially during the pandemic, biased views against flexible workers – namely, flexibility stigma - are still prevalent and returning. Flexibility stigma hinders worker’s take up of flexible working arrangements and can make flexible working arrangements result in negative outcomes for worker’s well-being and productivity. This study examines how national cultural and policy contexts shape flexibility stigma levels within a country. We use a multilevel approach using the Eurobarometer dataset of 2018, covering 28 European countries, matched with national level aggregate data on policy and culture. Results show that in countries with a more work-life balance work culture and egalitarian gender norms, we see less prevalence of flexibility stigma. Similarly, in countries with generous family-friendly policies, workers are less likely to have negative perception towards flexible working. Finally, stronger bargaining positions of workers, may it be through stronger union power or through better labour market conditions, helps remove stigmatised views around workers who use flexible working arrangements. This study evidences the importance of contexts that shape views around flexible working, to help us better understand policy changes needed to ensure better flexible working practices.
The Development and Initial Validation of the Multidimensional Fairness Scale
Authors: Duff Johnathan H. , Scarpa Michael , Zupluoglu Cengiz , Prilleltensky Isaac 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch in psychology, sociology, economics, and other disciplines investigating social justice has identified associations between fair treatment and human well-being. However, the lack of a practical and valid instrument for measuring individual experiences of fair treatment in multiple areas of life has limited the ability to understand the relationship between fairness and wellness. The purpose of these studies was to develop and establish the initial psychometric properties and convergent validity of a scale measuring personal experiences of fairness across various life domains. Development and validation occurred across three studies. Scale development in Study 1 included the generation of items, item revision, and analysis of content validity. A review of existing literature and qualitative data derived from focus group discussions informed the initial pool of items. Cognitive interviews and expert input aided in analysis of content validity and revision of items. Study 2 consisted of confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the performance of items and determine the underlying factor structure of the scale. In Study 3, factor analyses were used to evaluate convergent validity with other fairness-related instruments. Results of the first study supported the conceptualization of fairness along a social-ecological spectrum: experiences of fairness existed in multiple distinct life domains (e.g., interpersonal, occupational, community). Results from the second study revealed a bifactor model with one general Fairness factor and four Interpersonal, Occupational, Community, and Societal ecological group factors. Results from the third study suggested acceptable convergent validity among some subscales and other established instruments, while also suggesting that refinements to the Community fairness subscale might improve the scale. The final 12-item scale demonstrated good reliability. Results of this study produced an instrument able to measure individual experiences of fair treatment across four life domains.
Alpha-Structures and Ladders in Logical Geometry
Authors: De Klerck Alexander , Demey Lorenz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAristotelian diagrams, such as the square of opposition and other, more complex diagrams, have a long history in philosophical logic. Alpha-structures and ladders are two specific kinds of Aristotelian diagrams, which are often studied together because of their close interactions. The present paper builds upon this research line, by reformulating and investigating alpha-structures and ladders in the contemporary setting of logical geometry, a mathematically sophisticated framework for studying Aristotelian diagrams. In particular, this framework allows us to formulate well-defined functions that construct alpha-structures and ladders out of each other. In order to achieve this, we point out the crucial importance of imposing an ordering on the elements in the diagrams involved, and thus formulate all our results in terms of ordered versions of alpha-structures and ladders. These results shed interesting new light on the prospects of developing a systematic classification of Aristotelian diagrams, which is one of the main ongoing research efforts within logical geometry today.
Finding individualised treatment in obese needing enoxaparin (FIT ONE): a multicentre study of therapeutic enoxaparin and the role of anti-factor Xa monitoring
Authors: Appay Marcelle , Lai Justine , Hay Justine , Calvisi Connie , Wills Geoffrey , Kharadi Shreyas , Nanayakkara Sajani , Ryu Ji Sang , Alameddine Rozanna , Jupp Sarah , Lin Margaretta , Nguyen Jessica , Nguyen Tammy , Harrison Nicholas , Gad Fady , Kagaya Sakura , Nguyen Liam , Piyush Sharma , Shion Vicky , Pandya Advait , Emin Mustafa , Lim Ewe Shen , Rahman Urna , Hayat Farhad , Gajaweera Chamali , Sheriff Nashwa , Patanwala Asad E. , Pasalic Leonardo , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enoxaparin is dosed according to actual body weight in treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis. Due to its hydrophilic nature, it distributes according to lean body mass which may be problematic when dosing obese patients as this may increase the risk of bleeding events in this population. The aim was to evaluate current therapeutic enoxaparin dosing strategies, including Antifactor Xa (AFXa) level monitoring, in obese patients and to identify factors that contribute to treatment failure and excess anticoagulation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted reviewing patients administered therapeutic enoxaparin between May 2020 and April 2021. Data were collected on patient characteristics, enoxaparin therapy, AFXa monitoring, and outcomes. Regression models were constructed to assess variables of interest to estimate any association with AFXa levels. In total 762 patients were included in the analysis. The mean initial weight-based dose was 0.95 mg/kg twice daily (SD: ± 0.12, IQR 0.92–1.01) and 1.04 mg/kg once daily (SD: ± 0.26, IQR 0.93–1.12) and 14.4% of patients had AFXa monitoring. Treatment failure was experienced by 2.2%, 5% experienced bleeding. There was no association between the mean actual milligram per kilogram weight-based twice daily doses and subtherapeutic, therapeutic and supratherapeutic AFXa levels (P = 0.135). Obesity was not included in the final regression models due to lack of significance. At a mean therapeutic enoxaparin dose of 0.95 mg/kg twice daily and 1.04 mg/kg once daily no excess in treatment failure or bleeding events were observed in obese patients compared to the product information. Obesity was not an independent variable that affected the achievement of target AFXa levels.

Graphical abstract
Self-Narration in the Oppressive Niche
Authors: Fabry Regina E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor several decades, research on situated cognition and affectivity has neglected cases in which environmental features in the niche have a negative impact on agents’ cognitive and affective wellbeing. Recently, however, a new research cluster has emerged that explores how things, technologies, and organisational systems across corporate, healthcare, and educational sectors wrongfully harm certain kinds of agents. This article contributes to this research cluster by integrating work on negative niche construction, structural oppression, enculturation, and self-narration. It thereby offers a new perspective on the negative, structurally oppressive impact of the socio-culturally shaped niche on enculturated self-narration. The main argument is that master plots, understood as narrative arrangements that dominate in the socio-culturally shaped niche, contribute to the structural oppression of enculturated self-narrators with systematically undermined socio-cultural identities. An analysis of the influence of pronatalist master plotting on enculturated self-narration serves to illustrate and strengthen the overall argument.