bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colors of the domes in the desert- a review
Authors: Mansour Safran Dr. 
Published: July 2024

This paper mainly studies The Colors of the Domes in the desert; the mosque is for Muslims the clearest symbol of faith, a place of prayer and even in social gatherings. In Jordan, this religious building is so widespread within the large towns, small villages and in some cases the margin of the boundless desert areas. The spread of radical mosques throughout the country, from north to south of Jordan, took particular elements of recognition and visibility to differentiate the homogeneity of the constructed building that saturates the urban areas of towns and villages continues to grow. The most common type is the mosque dome, in which the interior of a quadrilateral shape is organized under a single dome in the center. This proposed approaches Methodology the dome over to play an important religious significance, as an image and symbol of the heavens and the divine transcendence, is an important visual indicator, which together enhances the looks to the minaret of the mosque. The symbolic importance of these places of worship is delayed precisely those elements required in the landscape as safe points of reference, linked to Islamic architectural tradition.Â Â
Realization and fabrication of 3rd order high pass filter with CMOS
Authors: Naicker Koleen , M.Srivastava Viranjay 
Published: July 2024

This research work encapsulates the early stages and recent stages of the third order high pass filter design process. The main objective of this work is to design and analysis of the parameters of third order high pass filter using MOSFET technology. It has been designed by cascading a first order with a second order high pass filter. The filter has cut-off frequency of 1 GHz. The core building blocks of the third order high pass filter are the op-amps which are responsible for providing gain in the filter circuit. Therefore, one of the typical LM741 op-amps in the filter circuit has been replaced with two-stage CMOS op-amp for enhanced CMRR, unity gain bandwidth, and reduced power consumption. This will allow the filter to operate for RF transceiver systems. The designed third order high pass filter has implemented double sided design and displayed transient responses have been compared to the simulated results and achieved better filtering effect. The bandwidth of the designed filter is higher than the conventional 3rd order high-pass filter which is also simulated in this work.Â Â
Internet of things security vulnerabilities and recommended solutions
Authors: F.Olanrewaju Rashidah , Ul Islam Khan Burhan , Anwar Farhat , Naaz Mir Roohie 
Published: July 2024

The applications based on IoT are ubiquitous in providing passive user involvement on the collective approach of sensor technology, embedded system, networking and communication convergence with analytical computing. The application framework of IoT comprises of devices that are highly heterogeneous and compute migrations from sensor to IoT gateways to edge/fog computing to the cloud and then back to the client along with various alarming components. As observed from the review work, providing security for such networks is in its young stage in the form of an integrated architecture offering perfect security together with network and application possibilities although the shortcomings of IEFT and IEEE contribute more towards the same. Besides, the present researchers have not yet achieved the actual threshold of real-time performance potentials with respect to lesser computational complexity, usage of smaller key size, conformable security, lesser memory overheads, smaller ciphertext size, speedy processing time of algorithms, robust to possible threats and reduced communication/network overhead for ensuring a lighter security mechanism. This paper focusses on the security issues posed by large-scale heterogeneous IoT paradigm and arriving at a secure architectural framework adoptable by a variety of applications that include smart transportation, smart cities, smart healthcare, etc. based on IoT.Â Â
Deep Learning Algorithm using Transfer-Entropy measures for Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Valliammal. N Dr. , Padmavathi. G Dr. 
Published: July 2024

Generally, in cyber-physical systems, there are various attacks detected such as internet-based load altering attacks, False-Data Injection Attack (FDIA), stealthy deception attacks, covert attacks, time synchronization attacks, etc. Over the past decades, attack detection and secure control system design has a high interest due to the rapid growth of cyber security challenges by sophisticated attacks in cyber-physical system like Internet-of-Things (IoT). Among various techniques, Transfer Entropy Measure (TEM) was introduced to detect four types of attacks like Denial-of-Service (DoS), replay, innovation-based deception attack and data injection attacks. Since, it discovers the interaction behavior among pairs of entities generating by each cyber-physical systems. As well, conventional machine-learning based attack detection mechanisms have been successfully employed in IoT i.e., wireless sensors to detect cyber-attacks. However, such mechanisms have less accuracy and scalability with high computational complexity. Hence in this article, a novel distributed deep learning algorithm is proposed for cyber attack detection in IoT since deep learning algorithms try to learn high-level features from data in an incremental manner and solve the problem end to end. Here, the transfer-entropy is measured with different parameters like node, network and channel for sensor measurements. Then, the obtained values are gathered as training dataset. Subsequently, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) are trained with training dataset to detect the existence of the attacks in cyber-physical system. Finally, the average detection accuracy values of ANN and DNN are evaluated through the simulation results as 98.9% and 99.6% respectively.Â Â
Factors influencing Malaysian driversâ€™ tendency on underreporting
Authors: Sarah Nik Zamri Nik , Hasanah Zamzuri Zamira , Ibrahim Kamarulzaman 
Published: July 2024

The reported accidents data on sites is essential to measure the effectiveness of any road safety policy. If an accident remains unreported, the vital information about the characteristics of the accident will be lost. The choice of appropriate safety measures may, in turn, be adversely affected by the loss of the data. This current study is aimed to determine the reasons for the underreporting of accidents in Malaysia. Random samples comprising 2000 individuals were interviewed in person and data on their demographic background and experience involved in accidents were recorded. Out of 1422 accidents, 662 accidents were recorded as unreported accidents. The findings indicate that in general, Malays aged between 60 and 69, living in rural area, who are single and are motorcyclists tend not to report the accidents.Â Â
Improvement of performance unitary refrigerant systems for hot climate in Baghdad city
Authors: Y. Abdul-Kareem Mazin , Abdul muttaleb Sadeq Luay , Saad Ismail Hisham 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to improve work unitary refrigeration systems and decreasing of electric energy consumption in Baghdad city. The work presents study effect of adding the simple evaporative cooling system to the outdoor unit of refrigeration system under various climate conditions, the effect on cooling capacity and the electric current consumption at system. The outdoor air at condenser enter was cooled by the simple system and its effectiveness (43% to 50.4%). The results reveal that dry bulb temperature of air reduces (16% to 25.3%) at enter to the condenser and the rejected heat increases (empirical 43% to 59.8%) under various operating conditions. Indoor air conditions, dry bulb temperature of air at the inlet of evapo-rator reduces (41.3% to 44.4%) and the variation in refrigeration gas temperature in the evaporator is (46.6% to56%). This will increase cooling capacity in evaporator which increased (53.6% to 62%) at work presented conditions. The noticeable that using simple evaporative cooling system reduces the electrical current consumption by (22.5% to 25%) which reduce operating costs.Â Nomenclature:T: Temperature(ÂºC).Tref: Refrigeration gas temperature(ÂºC).RH: Relative humidity of air (%).h: Specific enthalpy of air (kJ/kg).I: Electric current (A).Qrej: Rejected heat of condenser (kW).Qc.c.: Cooling Capacity (kW).Â
Effects of yeastâ€™s weight and fermentation time to percent yield of bioethanol from peatland
Authors: Ahmad Roni Kiagus , Hastarina Merisha , Herawati Netty 
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy development in Indonesia is one of the governmentâ€™s programs to reduce carbon dioxide emission and dependence to fossil fuel. Bioethanol is an alternative energy that can be developed to replace solar fuel. Peat is a source of bio-ethanol which is very potential because of its abundant source in Indonesia. This research investigated the lifecycle of bio-ethanol from peat, resulting in carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy net. Fermentation method was used to produce bio-ethanol from peat. In the fermentation, yeast was used and the fermentation temperature was from 200C to 400C. The products were analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC). The results showed that at the 10th day, the bioethanol production was the highest. This research also concerns to the side effects of by-products from bioethanol production. The use of by-products may improve the environmental performance and bioethanol energy until 30-70%. This research showed that bioethanol (from peat) development in Indonesia is much better compared to other countries.Â Â Â
Dynamic and hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge converter
Authors: Narasimha S. , Surender Reddy S. 
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a dynamic dual active bridge (DAB) converter and a hybrid phase shift control (HPSC) scheme for a (0.5-1) variation in the voltage conversion ratio. The proposed HPSC scheme is a combination of extended phase shift (EPS) and triple phase shift (TPS) modulations. It also provides a simple closed-form implementation for the primary and secondary-side phase-shift angles. During the light load operation of dynamic DAB converter, the TPS modulation is employed such that the practical zero voltage sequence operation can be extended to zero load. For heavy loads, the secondary-side phase-shift angle decreases to zero, hence the EPS modulation is applied. In this paper, the MATLAB Simulink software is used with an input voltage range of (200-400)V and then the output voltage wave forms are investigated for both EPS and TPS modulations for different operating modes of buck and boost operations.Â Â Â
The impact of using e-learning on the student's performance in 3rd developing countries: a pilot study
Authors: Al-yousef Ali , Aljaraideh Yousef , Obiedat Mamoon , Barakat Eyad , Habboush Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

E-learning is one of the growing areas especially in the higher education. There are several advantages for using e-leaning in the student performance. In third developing countries such as Jordan, important steps were taken for adopting the e-learning system. This is done by providing students with technological and communicational skills as well as to making students more adaptive to the technology of contemporary societies. Several studies have been analysis the effect of the e-learning on the student performance and found that there is a tangible enhancement on the student performance and is considered as key element that positively affect the student motivations. Online courses at Jerash university like; computer skills accessed by students through electronic gate (Moodle).This study used SPSS to analysis the performance of 63 student (32 e-learning and 31 traditional learning).the study found that there are statistically significant differences between the two group in favor of experimental group.Â Â
Use photogrammetry program to document the blue dome tower as a part of conservation requirement for the historical buildings in Kirkuk castle
Authors: Hasan H.Mohammed Ghadah , Muhammed Yunus Sumbul , Hasan Mohammed Omar 
Published: July 2024

The heritage buildings are considered witnesses for city memory and its cultural legacy. Recently the attention increased concerning this legacy in accordance to informational revolution which the world observes in the field of computer technology and its role in all life fields. The computer role became clear to reserve Cultural heritage properties especially in the aspect of documentation and performance through three dimension type.Iraq is one of Middle East country which is rich of Cultural heritage treasure that extended to thousand years.Kirkuk is one of outstanding historical city, the most eminent rain is the ancient Kirkuk castle. It includes distinguished remains such as houses, the Blue Dome tower.These buildings subjected to collapses during the time periods for many different factors, so they are in sore need for documentation according to modern methods.The research pays attention to documental the blue dome mine rate which subjected to deterioration. To explain this we need acknowledge to trace the scientific and practical styles for documentation process concerning historical building by using photogrammetry program.The importance of the research appeared in necessity to find a conception about architectural documentation process use computer scientifically to get benefit of photogrammetry technology that employed to keep cultural heritage buildings. The research problem appeared at this respect ambiguity of using photogrammetry process ways to document ate cultural legacy as a part of keeping work generally and ascertainment of theological accuracy through the documentation and achievement of three dimensional photogrammetry of Blue Dome tower of Kirkuk castle in particular.The aim of the research showed 3 parts , first the study of historical and architectural features of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower and its classification as ancient historical building. Second study of the technology and its role in documentation of historical buildings. Third includes the practical application through fulfilling photogrammetry of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower, by using the instruments of software, hardware to accomplish the process. The last parts dedicated the analysis and discussion the consequences to define the final conclusions that presented to obtain coordinates of Kirkuk Blue Dome tower and its typicalization on three dimensions, keeping the information's and coordinates as documented main source and to preserve original characteristics for ancient buildings then to the new generation if they subjected to collapses.Â Â Â
Multi feature malignant weight-based mammogram classification with ANN using fuzzy rules
Authors: B Ramya , K. Arthi Dr. 
Published: July 2024

Towards the development of disease prediction, detection and classification accuracy, the features of mammogram can be used to estimate the similarity. In this paper, we motivate to adapt the fuzzy logic with ANN to perform classification. With the motivation, a multi feature fuzzy logic analysis with ANN Based Mammogram Classification algorithm is presented. First, it is necessary to obtain the gray features of mammogram. The method considers the brightness of nodule, lobulation, granularity and nodule size. Using the features considered, the method generates the fuzzy rules. The artificial neural network has been generated with number of neurons where each layer of the neuron has been initialized with specific feature. At the testing phase, the input features have been used to estimate different weight measures using the fuzzy rule generated. The method estimates multi feature malignant weight (MFMW) using the fuzzy rules at each layer of the neurons. Finally, the classification is performed based on the value of MFMW.Â Â
Power transmission system midpoint voltage fixation using SVC with genetic tuned simple PID controller
Authors: Azeez Joodi Mohanad , Kasim Ibraheem Ibraheem , Mohammed Tuaimah Firas 
Published: July 2024

Contingency in power system is widely used to predict the effect of outages in power systems, like failures of equipment, transmission line, etc. The transmission system voltage will be affected due to these contingencies. To stabilize its voltage, especially the midpoint voltage, the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is one of the shunt connected devices, which can be utilized for voltage fixation in power systems. The dynamic equations for the Single-Machine-Infinite-Bus (SMIB) SVC model will be presented which is expressed in terms of linearized state-space equations. Then, with the aid of MATLAB, the plant of the system model will be given under various loading conditions, and four suggested scenarios have been proposed as contingencies in the power transmission system. The SVC will be controlled using a simple PID controller tuned through the Genetic algorithm, the results were promising, and the midpoint voltage step response has been enhanced.Â Â
A tactical multi-objective multi-product green supply chain planning optimization model
Authors: S. Al-Ashhab M. , A. Mlybari E 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a Multi-objective, multi-products, and multi-period green supply chain optimization model that consider some important economic and environmental risks and their associated impacts are developed using the lexicographic procedure. Managing the impacts of both side of economic and environmental risks, maximizing opportunitiesâ€™ impacts and minimizing threatsâ€™ impacts. Economic impacts include maximizing profit, maximizing the overall service level while minimizing the total cost, and the environmental impacts include minimizing energy consumption and minimizing CO2 emissions from transportation operations. The model considers transportation mode selection (Heavy or light trucks). The model efficacy has been proved through results discussion. Moreover, the effect of different allowable deviation on the objectives is discussed.Â Â
Approximation techniques for maximizing likelihood functions of generalized linear mixed models for binary response data
Authors: Remi Dare Julius , Adebayo Agunbiade Dawud , Kehinde Famurewa Oludolapo , Sunday Adesina Olumide , Funmi Adedotun Dayo , Iyaniwura Olatunde 
Published: July 2024

Evaluating Maximum likelihood estimates in Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) has been a serious challenge due to some integral complexities encountered in maximizing its likelihood functions. It is computationally difficult to establish analytical solutions for the integrals. In view of this, approximation techniques would be needed. In this paper, various approximation techniques were examined including Laplace approximation (LA), Penalized Quasi likelihood (PQL) and Adaptive Gauss-Hermite Quadrature (AGQ) techniques. The performances of these methods were evaluated through both simulated and real-life data in medicine. The simulation results showed that the Adaptive Gauss-Hermit Quadrature approach produced better estimates when compared with PQL and LA estimation techniques based on some model selection criteria.Â Â Â
Impacts of kerosene contamination on the geotechnical characteristics of cohesive soil
Authors: O.Karkush Mahdi , G.Jihad Amer 
Published: July 2024

The soil contamination is a big problem which increased recently because of urbanization and development of industrial activities. The most common types of soil contaminants are petroleum products, fertilizers, heavy metals, pesticides, and organic compounds. This study focuses on the influence of kerosene on the chemical, physical, and engineering characteristics of cohesive soil. The soil samples are obtained from of a rural area in Al-Diwaniya city located in the south of Iraq. The soil samples are artificially contaminated with three ratios of kerosene (10, 30, and 50) % calculated based on the dry weight of soil. The process of contamination includes air dried the disturbed soil samples, then the soils samples placed in containers made from plastic and mixed with the field moisture content and the specified content of kerosene to ensure getting homogenous contaminated soil samples. The contaminated soil samples left for 30 days in plastic containers covered by nylon sheets to control the moisture content and the content of contaminant. A detailed testing program are conducted on these soil samples to determine the effects of kerosene on the chemical and geotechnical properties of silty clay soil sample. The results of tests proved that different percentages of kerosene have different influence on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the tested soil samples.Â Â
Adaptive modulation approaches parameters effect on LTE uplink waveform
Authors: D. Aljanabi Haider , B. Qas Elias Bashar , D. Aljanabi Hussam 
Published: July 2024

The next generation are regarding radio applied sciences designed in conformity with increase the capability and velocity about cellular networks. LTE is the first science designed bluntly because the Next Generation Network NGN yet is embarking in conformity with come to be the de-facto (NGN) mobile get entry to network standards. It takes competencies of (NGN's) services in imitation of grant an always-on cellular information ride same after wired networks. In this paper LTE uplink waveforms displayed with various duplexing mode, Allocated Resources Blocks ARB, Modulation types and total information per frame, QPSK and 16 QAM used as modulation techniques and tested under AWGN and Rayleigh channels, similarity and interference of the generated waveforms tested using auto-correlation and cross-correlation respectively.Â Â
The Use of Drone in Property Valuation
Authors: Ain Wahida Mohd Radzali Nurul , Nizam Tahar Khairul 
Published: July 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) photogrammetric image is an essential element in property information to calculate the rate of tax assessment on a double-storey housing scheme. The geometrical identification of double-storey terrace houses is very important for rate and tax assessments. Therefore, UAV photogrammetric image can be used to view and estimate the actual and real-view dimension of each double-storey house. The aim of this is to identify the actual geometry of each double-storey house based on the pattern of the roof between two houses. The method used to calculate the rate and tax is based on the current condition of the roof of each double-storey house which can represent the extension of the house. The new rate on the tax assessment can be calculated by referring to each parameter as mentioned in the local authorities guidelines. The assessment required the standard rate on the area, the period and the percent of extension. The results from this assessment were calculated into a year and half-year. For the extent condition, it was categorised into no extent, intermediate extent and extensive extent. UAV is very useful in rate and tax for property assessment because it can provide an aerial view and reliable results for property assessment.Â Â