bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired NK Cell Activation and Chemotaxis toward Dendritic Cells Exposed to Complement-Opsonized HIV-1
Authors: Ellegård Rada , Crisci Elisa , Andersson Jonas , Shankar Esaki M. , Nyström Sofia , Hinkula Jorma , Larsson Marie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Mucosa resident dendritic cells (DCs) may represent one of the first immune cells that HIV-1 encounters during sexual transmission. The virions in body fluids can be opsonized with complement factors because of HIV-mediated triggering of the complement cascade, and this appears to influence numerous aspects of the immune defense targeting the virus. One key attribute of host defense is the ability to attract immune cells to the site of infection. In this study, we investigated whether the opsonization of HIV with complement (C-HIV) or a mixture of complement and Abs (CI-HIV) affected the cytokine and chemokine responses generated by DCs, as well as their ability to attract other immune cells. We found that the expression levels of CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL17 were lowered after exposure to either C-HIV or CI-HIV relative to free HIV (F-HIV). DCs exposed to F-HIV induced higher cell migration, consisting mainly of NK cells, compared with opsonized virus, and the chemotaxis of NK cells was dependent on CCL3 and CXCL10. NK cell exposure to supernatants derived from HIV-exposed DCs showed that F-HIV induced phenotypic activation (e.g., increased levels of TIM3, CD69, and CD25) and effector function (e.g., production of IFNγ and killing of target cells) in NK cells, whereas C-HIV and CI-HIV did not. The impairment of NK cell recruitment by DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV and the lack of NK activation may contribute to the failure of innate immune responses to control HIV at the site of initial mucosa infection.
Pak2 Links TCR Signaling Strength to the Development of Regulatory T Cells and Maintains Peripheral Tolerance
Authors: O’Hagan Kyle Leonard , Choi Jinyong , Pryshchep Olga , Chernoff Jonathan , Phee Hyewon 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although significant effort has been devoted to understanding the thymic development of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), the precise signaling pathways that govern their lineage commitment still remain enigmatic. Our findings show a novel role for the actin cytoskeletal remodeling protein, p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2), in Treg development and homeostasis. The absence of Pak2 in T cells resulted in a marked reduction in both thymus- and peripherally derived Tregs, accompanied by the development of spontaneous colitis in Pak2-deficient mice. Additionally, Pak2 was required for the proper differentiation of in vitro–induced Tregs as well as maintenance of Tregs. Interestingly, Pak2 was necessary for generating the high-affinity TCR- and IL-2–mediated signals that are required by developing Tregs for their lineage commitment. These findings provide novel insight into how developing thymocytes translate lineage-specific high-affinity TCR signals to adopt the Treg fate, and they further posit Pak2 as an essential regulator for this process.
Approximation of a Function and its Derivatives by Entire Functions
Authors: Gauthier Paul M. , Kienzle Julie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A simple proof is given for the fact that for m a non-negative integer, a function f ∊ C
(m)(ℝ), and an arbitrary positive continuous function ∊, there is an entire function g such that |g(i)(x) − f
(i)(x)| &lt; ∊(x), for all x ∊ ℝ and for each i = 0, 1 …, m. We also consider the situation where ℝ is replaced by an open interval.
The Effect of Restricting Residents' Duty Hours on Patient Safety, Resident Well-Being, and Resident Education: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Bolster Lauren , Rourke Liam 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite 25 years of implementation and a sizable amount of research, the impact of resident duty hour restrictions on patients and residents still is unclear. Advocates interpret the research as necessitating immediate change; opponents draw competing conclusions.

Objective
This study updates a systematic review of the literature on duty hour restrictions conducted 1 year prior to the implementation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's 2011 regulations.

Methods
The review draws on reports catalogued in MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE from 2010 to 2013. Interventions that dealt with the duty hour restrictions included night float, shortened shifts, and protected time for sleep. Outcomes were patient care, resident well-being, and resident education. Studies were excluded if they were not conducted in patient care settings.

Results
Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most frequently, the studies concluded that the restrictions had no impact on patient care (50%) or resident wellness (47%), and had a negative impact on resident education (64%). Night float was the most frequent means of implementing duty hour restrictions, yet it yielded the highest proportion of unfavorable findings.

Conclusions
This updated review, including 27 recent applicable studies, demonstrates that focusing on duty hours alone has not resulted in improvements in patient care or resident well-being. The added duty hour restrictions implemented in 2011 appear to have had an unintended negative impact on resident education. New approaches to the issue of physician fatigue and its relationship to patient care and resident education are needed.
S. E. Nikitina, N. V. Vasiljeva: Eksperimental'nуj sistemnуj tolkovуj slovar' stilističeskih terminov. Rossijskaja Akademija nauk. Institut jazуkoznanija. Moskva 1996, 171 str.
Authors: Rojs Jurij Emanuel 
Published: July 2015

Prvo, kar nam pade v oči, so tri besede: "eksperimentalni", "sistemski" in "stilistični". Eksperimentalni pomeni v tem slovarju nov, preverjen na določenem knjižnem gradivu z usmerjenostjo na nadaljevanje, preizkus in ustvarjanje analogičnih eksperimentov v drugem terminološkem besednem bogastvu.
Testiranje receptivnih in jezikovne zmožnosti v italijanščini med študenti italijanistike
Authors: Mertelj Darja 
Published: July 2015

Čeprav študij Italijanskega jezika in književnosti na FF Univerze v Ljubljani v splošnem ne predvideva zgolj učenja modernega italijanskega jezika, saj je, kot že njegovo ime pove, zastavljen širše, bo prispevek prikazal nekaj glavnih izsledkov testiranja splošnega znanja italijanskega jezika, ki se je izvajal v vseh štirih letnikih: gre za izsledke na področju bralnega in slušnega razumevanja ter uporabe slovničnih in leksikalnih struktur. Testiranje s testnimi kompleti CILS je potekalo kot del projekta, ki je nastal v okviru bilateralne pogodbe med italijanistikama v Ljubljani in Beogradu in se pričel izvajati konec študijskega leta 2009/2010 s prvim krogom testiranj (ostala dva sledita v naslednjih dveh letih). Prispevek se osredotoča na to, ali študenti dosegajo ustrezno raven znanja, ki smo jo v projektu predvideli oz. ocenili kot primerno za vsakega od štirih letnikov, in skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje, koliko študij prispeva k splošnemu znanju moderne italijanščine.
Wortbildungskonstruktionen als synthetische Strukturen und freie syntaktische Fügungen als ihre Entsprechungen
Authors: Piškur Lea 
Published: July 2015

Der Gegenstand dieses Beitrages sind zwei linguistische Begriffe – Wortbildungskon- struktionen als synthetische Strukturen auf der einen Seite und freie syntaktische Fügun- gen als deren Entsprechungen auf der anderen Seite. Im theoretischen Teil werden die für diese Forschung wichtigsten Begriffe aus dem Bereich Linguistik erklärt. Anschließend werden sie genauer dargelegt, aufgegliedert und mit Beispielen ausgestattet. Im empiri- schen Teil befinden sich synthetische Strukturen und freie syntaktische Fügungen (im Slowenischen und im Deutschen), die ein geographisches Element enthalten. Die werden analysiert, miteinander verglichen und am Ende werden die Resultate dargestellt. Zum Schluss folgen noch die praktische Anwendung und Analyse an einem Beispieltext.
Uvodnik
Authors: Lah Meta 
Published: July 2015

Spoštovani bralci, Vestnik za tuje jezike je spet pred Vami, tokrat v precej obsežnejši izdaji kot lani. Dejstvo, da smo prejeli več prispevkov, uredništvo zelo veseli, saj dokazuje, da se Vestnik kljub premoru v izhajanju ni izgubil in je v slovenskem prostoru še vedno potreben.V tokratni številki boste lahko prebrali prispevke z vseh treh področij; jezikoslovja, književnosti in didaktike tujih jezikov. Književnost je tokrat manj za stopana, veliko člankov pa smo prejeli s področja jezikoslovja in didaktike tujih jezikov.Veselita nas prispevka kolegic iz Zagreba, Dunje Pavličević Franić, Katarine Aladrović Slovaček in Daniele Ćurko, posebej pa pozdravljamo tudi prispevke doktorandke Lee Piškur in treh doktorandk prve generacije bolonjskega programa Didaktika tujih jezikov, Karmen Goršak, Darje Premrl in Andreje Retelj, ki so prispevke napisale s pomočjo dr. Karmen Pižorn.Še naprej Vas vabimo k pošiljanju prispevkov za revijo. Prosim, bodite pozorni, rok za oddajo prispevkov je 30. junij 2011. Želimo Vam prijetno in koristno branje.
Credit Constraints and the Extensive Margins of Exports: First Evidence for German Manufacturing
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper uses a unique newly constructed data set to investigate for the first time the link between credit constraints and the extensive margins of exports in Germany, one of the leading actors on the international market for goods. In line with theoretical considerations and comparable results reported for a small number of other countries the author reports a negative impact of credit constraints on both the number of goods exported and the number of export destination countries that is both statistically highly significant and large from an economic point of view.
Tube Thoracostomy: A Structured Review of Case Reports and a Standardized Format for Reporting Complications
Authors: Aho Johnathon M. , Ruparel Raaj K. , Rowse Phillip G. , Brahmbhatt Rushin D. , Jenkins Donald , Rivera Mariela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionAlthough seemingly straightforward, tube thoracostomy (TT) has been associated with complication rates as high as 30 %. A lack of a standardized nomenclature for reporting TT complications makes comparison and evaluation of reports impossible. We aim to develop a classification method in order to standardize the reporting of complications of TT and identify all reported complications of TT and time course in which they occurred to validate the reporting method.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews from each databases inception through November 5, 2013 was conducted. Original articles written in the English language reporting TT complications were searched. This review adhered to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) standards. Duplicate reviewers abstracted case reports for inclusion. Cases were then sorted into one of the five complication categories by two reviewers, and in case of disagreements, settled by a third reviewer.ResultsOf 751 papers reporting TT complications, 124 case reports were included for analysis. From these reports, five main categories of TT complications were identified: insertional (n = 65); positional (n = 36); removal (n = 11); infective and immunologic (n = 7); and instructional, educational, or equipment related (n = 5). Placement of TT has occurred in nearly every soft tissue and vascular structure in the thoracic cavity and intra‐abdominal organs.ConclusionOur classification method provides further clarity and systematic standardization for reporting TT complications.
Lower Extremity Injury Patterns in Elite Ballet Dancers: Ultrasound/MRI Imaging Features and an Institutional Overview of Therapeutic Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Interventions
Authors: Rehmani Razia , Endo Yoshimi , Bauman Phillip , Hamilton William , Potter Hollis , Adler Ronald 
Published: July 2015

Background Altered biomechanics from repetitive microtrauma, such as long practice hours in en pointe (tip of the toes) or demi pointe (balls of the feet) predispose ballet dancers to a multitude of musculoskeletal pathologies particularly in the lower extremities. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are radiation-sparing modalities which can be used to confidently evaluate these injuries, with ultrasound (US) offering the added utility of therapeutic intervention at the same time in experienced hands. Questions/Purposes The purposes of this paper were: (1) to illustrate the US and MRI features of lower extremity injury patterns in ballet dancers, focusing on pathologies commonly encountered at a single orthopedic hospital; (2) to present complementary roles of both ultrasound and MRI in the evaluation of these injuries whenever possible; (3) to review and present our institutional approach towards therapeutic ultrasound-guided interventions by presenting explicit cases. Methods Online searches were performed using the search criteria of “ballet biomechanics” and “ballet injuries.” The results were then further narrowed down by limiting articles published in the past 15 years, modality (US and MRI), anatomical region (foot and ankle, hip and knee) and to major radiology, orthopedics, and sports medicine journals. Results Performing ballet poses major stress to lower extremities and predisposes dancer to several musculoskeletal injuries. These can be adequately evaluated by both US and MRI. US is useful for evaluating superficial structures such as soft tissues, tendons, and ligaments, particularly in the foot and ankle. MRI provides superior resolution of deeper structures such as joints, bone marrow, and cartilage. In addition, US can be used as a therapeutic tool for providing quick symptomatic improvement in these athletes for who “time is money”. Conclusion Performing ballet may cause major stress to the lower extremities, predominantly affecting the foot and ankle, followed by the knee and hip. US and MRI play complementary roles in evaluating various orthopedic conditions in ballet dancers, with US allowing for dynamic evaluation and guidance for interventions.
Optimization of integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations at automated container terminals
Authors: Homayouni Seyed Mahdi , Tang Sai Hong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Increasing demand for containerization compels container terminals to improve their performance. Uncoordinated scheduling of operations is one of the main factors accounting for poor performance at automated container terminals (ACTs). To increase land utilization efficiency and lower operational times, a new storage system called the split-platform automated storage/retrieval system (SP-AS/RS) has been introduced for temporary storage of containers. This paper describes a multi-objective mixed-integer programming (MIP) model that is based on a combination of multiple interacting sub-tasks. It is aimed at optimizing the integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations in ACTs. The MIP model objective function is to minimize delays in the loading/unloading tasks of the cranes and the travel time of vehicles and platforms in the SP-AS/RS. At the same time, a simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) that provides near-optimal solutions for the problem in a reasonable computation time is appraised. The results of this study show that the objective function of the MIP model is, on average, 58 % lower than that of the non-integrated scheduling method. On the other hand, the best objective function values obtained by the SAA indicate only a 3.7 % disadvantage in comparison with optimal values determined by the MIP model, demonstrating that the SAA is able to provide near-optimal solutions for the integrated scheduling of handling and storage operations.
FUNERARY COMEDIES IN CONTEMPORARY KINSHASA: SOCIAL DIFFERENCE, URBAN COMMUNITIES AND THE EMERGENCE OF A CULTURAL FORM
Authors: Pype Katrien 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe article situates a new type of stand-up comedy, performed in Kinshasa's mourning spaces (matanga), within the city's social universe. This type of funerary joking, enacted by comedians unrelated to the bereaved, represents a clear departure from the customary funerary humour in which accepted jokers occupy particular social positions vis-à-vis the deceased. Following recent changes in the organization of mourning rituals within the circles of Kinshasa's wealthy, these rather intimate events are ever more open to ‘strangers’, who anticipate the spending capacities of the gathered crowd. Comedians constitute one among a wide range of outsider groups who approach the bereaved community as a space of opportunity. It is argued that this emergent cultural form is utterly urban, and could only appear within urban life worlds where conviviality with others, and in particular an understanding of people's need to make a living in precarious circumstances, transforms the mourning community into an audience that pays for a cultural performance. Humour is not only derived from a symbolic difference between the poor and the rich, but also through the performance of exaggerated flattery, producing the illusion of patronage and situating the comedian within a feigned patron–client relationship for the duration of that performance.
OBEDIENCE AND SELECTIVE GENOCIDE IN BURUNDI
Authors: Russell Aidan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTFollowing a localized Hutu uprising in 1972, the Tutsi-dominated state in Burundi embarked on a vast series of reprisals across the country, leaving between 100,000 and 300,000 dead. Prominent political leaders were liquidated, Hutu who were able or learning to read were arrested, and many who had achieved any marginal level of exceptionality in economic success or other social achievement were accused of treason and murdered. Described as a ‘selective genocide’, the means of this violence proved deeply informative of its nature and of the experience of those caught up in the bloodshed. In the northern province of Ngozi, selection was managed through roadblocks and lists of names, creating the inescapable image of a totalitarian and bureaucratic state order. These methods fuelled a strong reaction of obedience, both among the youth and other agents of the state who took part in the arrests, and among the victims, who are commonly described as reacting with ‘docility’ to the violence. A matter of ‘law-making violence’, the selective means of the genocide shaped the political and social order that emerged from it, the ‘implements’ of genocide substantially contributing to the recognition of discrete ethnic communities among the population at large.
‘BE GRACEFUL, PATIENT, EVER PRAYERFUL’: NEGOTIATING FEMININITY, RESPECT AND THE RELIGIOUS SELF IN A NIGERIAN BEAUTY PAGEANT
Authors: Gilbert Juliet 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBeauty pageants in Nigeria have become highly popular spectacles, the crowned winners venerated for their beauty, success and ability to better society through charity. This paper focuses on the Carnival Calabar Queen pageant, highlighting how pageants, at the nexus of gender and the nation, are sites of social reproduction by creating feminine ideals. A divinely inspired initiative of a fervently Pentecostal First Lady, the pageant crowns an ambassador for young women's rights. While the queen must have ‘grace and beauty’ and be ‘ever prayerful’, the discussion unravels emic conceptions of feminine beauty, religiosity and respectability. Yet, young women also use pageantry as a ‘platform’ for success, hoping to challenge the double bind of gender and generation they experience in Nigeria. The discussion pays particular attention to how young women, trying to overcome the insecurities of (urban) Nigerian life, make choices to negotiate individualism with community, and piety with patriarchy. Ethnographically, this paper situates beauty pageants in the region's past and present practices that mould feminine subjectivities. Contributing young women's experiences to recent literature on the temporalities of African youth, the paper's explicit focus on how new subjectivities form through action illuminates important themes regarding agency, resistance and notions of the religious self. In doing so, it furthers current analyses of Pentecostalism, seeking a more nuanced understanding of gender reconfiguration and demonstrating how religious subjects can be formed outside church institutions.
Development and population dynamics of Steinernema yirgalemense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and growth characteristics of its associated Xenorhabdusindica symbiont in liquid culture
Authors: Ferreira T. , Addison M.F. , Malan A.P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes have become a valuable addition to the range of biological control agents available for insect control. An endemic nematode, Steinernemayirgalemense, has been found to be effective against a wide range of key insect pests. The next step would be the mass production this nematode for commercial application. This requires the establishment of monoxenic cultures of both the nematode and the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus indica. First-stage juveniles of S. yirgalemense were obtained from eggs, while X. indica was isolated from nematode-infected wax moth larvae. The population density of the various life stages of S. yirgalemense during the developmental phase in liquid culture was determined. The recovery of infective juveniles (IJs) to the third-stage feeding juveniles, was 67 ± 10%, reaching a maximum population density of 75,000 IJs ml− 1 on day 13 after inoculation. Adult density increased after 8 days, with the maximum female density being 4600 ml− 1 on day 15, whereas the maximum male density was 4300 ml− 1 on day 12. Growth curves for X. indica showed that the exponential phase was reached 15 h after inoculation to the liquid medium. The stationary phase was reached after 42 h, with an average of 51 × 107 colony-forming units ml− 1. Virulence tests showed a significant difference in insect mortality between in vitro- and in vivo-produced nematodes. The success obtained with the production of S. yirgalemense in liquid culture can serve as the first step in the optimizing and upscaling of the commercial production of nematodes in fermenters.
A Swedish national twin study of criminal behavior and its violent, white-collar and property subtypes
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Maes H. H. , Lönn S. L. , Morris N. A. , Lichtenstein P. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundWe sought to clarify the etiological contribution of genetic and environmental factors to total criminal behavior (CB) measured as criminal convictions in men and women, and to violent (VCB), white-collar (WCCB) and property criminal behavior (PCB) in men only.MethodIn 21 603 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry, we obtained information on all criminal convictions from 1973 to 2011 from the Swedish Crime Register. Twin modeling was performed using the OpenMx package.ResultsFor all criminal convictions, heritability was estimated at around 45% in both sexes, with the shared environment accounting for 18% of the variance in liability in females and 27% in males. The correlation of these risk factors across sexes was estimated at +0.63. In men, the magnitudes of genetic and environmental influence were similar in the three criminal conviction subtypes. However, for violent and white-collar convictions, nearly half and one-third of the genetic effects were respectively unique to that criminal subtype. About half of the familial environmental effects were unique to property convictions.ConclusionsThe familial aggregation of officially recorded CB is substantial and results from both genetic and familial environmental factors. These factors are moderately correlated across the sexes suggesting that some genetic and environmental influences on criminal convictions are unique to men and to women. Violent criminal behavior and property crime are substantially influenced respectively by genetic and shared environmental risk factors unique to that criminal subtype.