bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Inherently Safe Technologies for Large Scale BWRs: (5) Operation Support System for Plant Accidents
Authors: Kanada Masaki , Kamoshida Ryota , Ishii Yoshihiko , Ishikawa Tadaaki , Arita Setsuo , Katono Kenichi 
Published: November 2014

When accident events are caused by a large-scale natural disaster, conditions beyond those at the plant site may affect the accident. As well, quick diagnosis and recognition of damaged equipment are necessary. We have been developing inherently safe technologies for boiling water reactor (BWR) plants in response to these. An operation support system for plant accident events is one of these technologies. Our operation support system identifies accident events and predicts the progression of plant behavior.
The system consists of three main functions: sensor integrity diagnosis, accident event identification, and plant simulation functions.
The sensor integrity diagnosis function diagnoses whether sensor signals have maintained their integrity by correlating redundant sensors with the plant design information.
The accident event identification function extracts a few of candidate accident events using alarm and normal sensor signals received by the sensor integrity diagnosis function. The scale and position of the accident event are determined by comparing plant simulation results with normal sensor signals.
The plant simulation function uses a detailed three-dimensional model of the nuclear reactor and plant. This simulation can predict future plant behavior on the basis of identified accident events.
This proposed operation support system provides available results of accident event identification and plant condition prediction to plant operators. This system will reduce the occurrence of false identifications of accident events and human errors of operators.
Testing of Purification and Purity Control System High Temperature Helium Loop
Authors: Berka Jan , Dámer Jozef 
Published: November 2014

Helium purification system as a part of the HTHL and helium purification methods for future HTR or GFR reactors was tested in the series of experiments. The experiments were aimed (among others) to operation of CuO unit, which is part of the helium purification system. This unit is used for converting some minor impurities in helium coolant (namely H2 and CO) to compounds, which can be easily removed on molecular sieve adsorbents (H2O, CO2).
The CuO oxidation capabilities were tested at several temperatures (100, 150, 200 and 250°C) for helium containing different impurities. Final oxidation products were removed by molecular sieves after stabilization of gas composition inside the HTHL. The CuO oxidizer bed showed good performance in H2 and CO oxidation. The overall oxidation efficiency is highly dependable on CuO bed temperature.
Learning Through Delivery, Westinghouse AP1000® Plant Licensing
Authors: Gorgemans Julie , Corletti Michael M. , DeLong Richard A. , Schulz Terry L. 
Published: November 2014

The AP1000® plant is an 1100-MWe pressurized water reactor (PWR) with passive safety features and extensive plant simplifications that enhance construction, operation, maintenance, safety, and costs.
Four AP1000 units are currently under construction on coastal sites of Sanmen and Haiyang, China. Additionally, the United States (US) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued combined licenses (COLs) to allow Southern Nuclear Operating Company (SNC) & South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G) to construct and operate AP1000 plants at the existing Vogtle & VC Summer sites in Georgia and South Carolina, respectively. Although construction at both US sites is underway, the first four China AP1000 plants will become operational ahead of the U.S. Domestic AP1000 plants. Westinghouse is also actively engaged in deploying the AP1000 plant design in other regions throughout the world such as Europe. For example, the AP1000 plant design was evaluated by the UK Office for Nuclear Regulation as part of the UK Generic Design Assessment and received a statement of interim Design Acceptance in late 2011.
This paper reviews the past and on-going AP1000 plant licensing activities and discusses how the significant lessons learned gathered through the AP1000 plant worldwide deployment increase licensing certainty for any new AP1000 project.
Complete Genome Sequence of vB_EcoM_112, a T-Even-Type Bacteriophage Specific for Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Coffey Brid , Ross R. Paul , O'Flynn Gary , O'sullivan Orla , Casey Aidan , Callanan Michael , Coffey Aidan , McAuliffe Olivia 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophage vB_EcoM_112 (formerly e11/2) is an
Escherichia coli
phage with specificity for the O157:H7 serotype. The vB_EcoM_112 genome sequence shares high degrees of similarity with the phage T4 genome sequence.
Draft Genome Sequences of Marine Flavobacterium
Nonlabens
Strains NR17, NR24, NR27, NR32, NR33, and Ara13
Authors: Nakanishi Masato , Meirelles Pedro , Suzuki Ryohei , Takatani Naoki , Mino Sayaka , Suda Wataru , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Ohkuma Moriya , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo , Thompson Fabiano L. , Niwa Ako , Sawabe Toko , Sawabe Tomoo 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of six carotenoid producers affiliated with
Nonlabens
spp. isolated from marine environments in both the northern and southern parts of Japan. The genomic information will help to elucidate the function and evolution of carotenoid synthetic gene clusters not only in the genus
Nonlabens
but also in the family
Flavobacteriaceae
.
Antiangiogenic Therapy for Glioblastoma: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Batchelor Tracy T. , Reardon David A. , de Groot John F. , Wick Wolfgang , Weller Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGlioblastoma is characterized by high expression levels of proangiogenic cytokines and microvascular proliferation, highlighting the potential value of treatments targeting angiogenesis. Antiangiogenic treatment likely achieves a beneficial impact through multiple mechanisms of action. Ultimately, however, alternative proangiogenic signal transduction pathways are activated, leading to the development of resistance, even in tumors that initially respond. The identification of biomarkers or imaging parameters to predict response and to herald resistance is of high priority. Despite promising phase II clinical trial results and patient benefit in terms of clinical improvement and longer progression-free survival, an overall survival benefit has not been demonstrated in four randomized phase III trials of bevacizumab or cilengitide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma or cediranib or enzastaurin in recurrent glioblastoma. However, future studies are warranted. Predictive markers may allow appropriate patient enrichment, combination with chemotherapy may ultimately prove successful in improving overall survival, and novel agents targeting multiple proangiogenic pathways may prove effective.See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Discoveries, Challenges, and Progress in Primary Brain Tumors.”Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5612–9. ©2014 AACR.
Facing the Future of Brain Tumor Clinical Research
Authors: Gilbert Mark R. , Armstrong Terri S. , Pope Whitney B. , van den Bent Martin J. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This edition of CCR Focus provides critical reviews of several important areas in the field, including the application of findings from genomic investigations of brain tumors to improve diagnosis, clinical trial design, and ultimately optimizing individual patient treatment. Another article is a critical review provided by experts in the field that discusses the recent clinical trials using angiogenesis inhibitors, possible explanations for the results, and how to move forward. There is a concise discussion of the application of immunotherapy to brain tumors by key investigators in this field, reflecting the potential opportunities as well as the disease-specific challenges. Finally, leading pediatric brain tumor investigators provide an overview of the field and insights about the recent seminal discoveries in two pediatric brain tumors, supporting the paradigm that laboratory investigations lead to more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and ultimately better treatment. Herein, an overview of the recent advances and challenges in the area of clinical and translational brain tumor research is provided to set the stage for the contributions that follow.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Discoveries, Challenges, and Progress in Primary Brain Tumors.”
Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5591–600. ©2014 AACR.
Lipolysis, and Not Hepatic Lipogenesis, Is the Primary Modulator of Triglyceride Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Willecke Florian , Scerbo Diego , Nagareddy Prabhakara , Obunike Joseph C. , Barrett Tessa J. , Abdillahi Mariane L. , Trent Chad M. , Huggins Lesley A. , Fisher Edward A. , Drosatos Konstantinos , Goldberg Ira J. 
Published: November 2014

Objective—
Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia is thought to be primarily driven by increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. However, experiments in animal models indicated that insulin deficiency should decrease hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reduce plasma triglyceride levels.

Approach and Results—
To address the discrepancy between human data and genetically altered mouse models, we investigated whether insulin-deficient diabetic mice had triglyceride changes that resemble those in diabetic humans. Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency increased plasma triglyceride levels in mice. Contrary to the mouse models with impaired hepatic insulin receptor signaling, insulin deficiency did not reduce hepatic triglyceride secretion and de novo lipogenesis-related gene expression. Diabetic mice had a marked decrease in postprandial triglycerides clearance, which was associated with decreased lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mRNA levels in peripheral tissues and decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle, heart, and brown adipose tissue. Diabetic heterozygous lipoprotein lipase knockout mice had markedly elevated fasting plasma triglyceride levels and prolonged postprandial triglycerides clearance.

Conclusions—
Insulin deficiency causes hypertriglyceridemia by decreasing peripheral lipolysis and not by an increase in hepatic triglycerides production and secretion.
RNA interference screening identifies lenalidomide sensitizers in multiple myeloma, including RSK2
Authors: Zhu Yuan Xiao , Yin Hongwei , Bruins Laura A. , Shi Chang-Xin , Jedlowski Patrick , Aziz Meraj , Sereduk Chris , Kortuem Klaus Martin , Schmidt Jessica E. , Champion Mia , Braggio Esteban , Keith Stewart A. 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
High-throughput RNAi screening identified lenalidomide sensitizer genes, including RSK2, RAB, peroxisome, and potassium channel family members. Knockdown or inhibition of RSK2 synergized with lenalidomide to induce myeloma cytotoxicity and downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 4 and MYC.
Association of red blood cell transfusion and in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Yi , Lu Caihong , Wei Shiqing , Li Ye , Long Lu , Yin Ping 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Previous research has debated whether red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is associated with decreased or increased mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship of RBC transfusion with in-hospital mortality in ICU patients.

Methods
We carried out a literature search on Medline (1950 through May 2013), Web of Science (1986 through May 2013) and Embase (1980 through May 2013). We included all prospective and retrospective studies on the association between RBC transfusion and in-hospital mortality in ICU patients. The relative risk for the overall pooled effects was estimated by random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential bias.

Results
The meta-analysis included 28,797 participants from 18 studies. The pooled relative risk for transfused versus nontransfused ICU patients was 1.431 (95% CI, 1.105 to 1.854). In sensitivity analyses, the pooled relative risk was 1.211 (95% CI, 0.975 to 1.505) if excluding studies without adjustment for confounders, 1.178 (95% CI, 0.937 to 1.481) if excluding studies with relative high risk of bias, and 0.901 (95% CI, 0.622 to 1.305) if excluding studies without reporting hazard ratio (HR) or relative risk (RR) as an effect size measure. Subgroup analyses revealed increased risks in studies enrolling patients from all ICU admissions (RR 1.513, 95%CI 1.123 to 2.039), studies without reporting information on leukoreduction (RR 1.851, 95%CI 1.229 to 2.786), studies reporting unadjusted effect estimates (RR 3.933, 95%CI 2.107 to 7.343), and studies using odds ratio as an effect measure (RR 1.465, 95%CI 1.049 to 2.045). Meta-regression analyses showed that RBC transfusion could decrease risk of mortality in older patients (slope coefficient -0.0417, 95%CI -0.0680 to -0.0154).

Conclusions
There is lack of strong evidence to support the notion that ICU patients who receive RBC transfusion have an increased risk of in-hospital death. In studies adjusted for confounders, we found that RBC transfusion does not increase the risk of in-hospital mortality in ICU patients. Type of patient, information on leukoreduction, statistical method, mean age of patient enrolled and publication year of the article may account for the disagreement between previous studies.
Mapping and manipulating the Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptome using a transcription factor overexpression-derived regulatory network
Authors: Rustad Tige R , Minch Kyle J , Ma Shuyi , Winkler Jessica K , Hobbs Samuel , Hickey Mark , Brabant William , Turkarslan Serdar , Price Nathan D , Baliga Nitin S , Sherman David R 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis senses and responds to the shifting and hostile landscape of the host. To characterize the underlying intertwined gene regulatory network governed by approximately 200 transcription factors of M. tuberculosis, we have assayed the global transcriptional consequences of overexpressing each transcription factor from an inducible promoter.

Results
We cloned and overexpressed 206 transcription factors in M. tuberculosis to identify the regulatory signature of each. We identified 9,335 regulatory consequences of overexpressing each of 183 transcription factors, providing evidence of regulation for 70% of the M. tuberculosis genome. These transcriptional signatures agree well with previously described M. tuberculosis regulons. The number of genes differentially regulated by transcription factor overexpression varied from hundreds of genes to none, with the majority of expression changes repressing basal transcription. Exploring the global transcriptional maps of transcription factor overexpressing (TFOE) strains, we predicted and validated the phenotype of a regulator that reduces susceptibility to a first line anti-tubercular drug, isoniazid. We also combined the TFOE data with an existing model of M. tuberculosis metabolism to predict the growth rates of individual TFOE strains with high fidelity.

Conclusion
This work has led to a systems-level framework describing the transcriptome of a devastating bacterial pathogen, characterized the transcriptional influence of nearly all individual transcription factors in M. tuberculosis, and demonstrated the utility of this resource. These results will stimulate additional systems-level and hypothesis-driven efforts to understand M. tuberculosis adaptations that promote disease.
Different transcription regulation routes are exerted by L- and D-amino acid enantiomers of peptide hormones
Authors: Tom Moshe , Manfrin Chiara , Mosco Alessandro , Gerdol Marco , De Moro Gianluca De Moro , Pallavicini Alberto , Giulianini Piero Giulio 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Conversion of one or more amino acids in eukaryotic peptides to the D-configuration is catalyzed by specific L/D peptide isomerases and it is a poorly investigated post-translational modification. No common modified amino acid and no specific modified position have been recognized and mechanisms underlying changes in the peptide function provided by this conversion were not sufficiently studied. The 72 amino acid crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) of Astacidea crustaceans exhibits a co-existence of two peptide enantiomers alternately having D- or L-phenylalanine in their third position. It is a pleiotropic hormone regulating several physiological processes in different target tissues and along different time scales. CHH enantiomers differently affect time courses and intensities of examined processes. The short-term effects of the two isomers on gene expression are presented here, examined in the hepatopancreas, gills, hemocytes and muscles of the astacid Pontastacus leptodactylus. Muscles and hemocytes were poorly affected by both isomers. Two CHH modes of action were elucidated in the hepatopancreas and the gills: specific gene induction by D-CHH only, elucidated in both organs and mutual targeted attenuation affected by both enantiomers elucidated in the gills. Consequently a two-receptor system is hypothesized for conveying the effect of the two CHH isomers.
Effect of microalgae application on soil algal species diversity, cation exchange capacity and organic matter after herbicide treatments
Authors: Hastings Karin L. , Smith Lauren E. , Lindsey Michael L , Blotsky Luke C. , Downing Gloria R. , Zellars Derex Q. , Downing Jason K. , Corena-McLeod Maria 
Published: November 2014

Soil microalgae live on small communities that change structure depending on many factors. Some of these factors include soil pH, agricultural practices as well as pesticide and herbicide treatments. The size and activity of these soil microbial communities is an indicator of health, quality and fertility necessary for sustainable agriculture. Methods:A commercial proprietary suspension of microalgae GOgreen®was applied at different concentrations through a center pivot irrigation system to a crop of cultivated corn (Zea mays) during six months. Experimental plots of 0.5 acres each were planted in four rows. Corn (34,000 plants/acre) was planted in May and harvested in November allowing each plot to be studied for 6 months. In addition, one plot was planted for a second year to study the effects of consecutive planting and harvesting on algae populations in the soil. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 6 inches. Microalgae species identification was based on morphological criteria. Soil analysis included organic matter content (OM), pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC).Results:Treatment with GOgreen®has significant and measurable positive effects on soil OM content, CEC, pH and microalgae species diversity.Conclusions: It was demonstrated through this study that GOgreen®increased diatom numbers and microalgae species diversity showing a restorative effect on soil quality after herbicide treatment in heavily farmed soil. Additionally, GOgreen®lowers the pH in soils with a pH higher than 7.0 emerging as an economical alternative that is safe for humans and the environment.
Explorations in Ethnobiology: The Legacy of Amadeo Rea
Authors: Pierotti Raymond 
Published: November 2014

Review of Explorations in Ethnobiology: The Legacy of Amadeo Rea. Marsha Quinlan and Dana Lepofsky, eds. 2013. Society of Ethnobiology, Denton, TX. Pp. 310, color illustrations, maps, tables. $56.95 (paperback). ISBN 978‐0988733008.
Processing of Fireproof and High Temperature Durable Particleboard from Rice Husk
Authors: Gürü Metin , Karabulut Ahmet F. , Aydın Mustafa Yasir , Bilici İbrahim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is the recovery of rice husk waste by researching usability in industry as an alternative to wood. In this study urea formaldehyde resin was used mainly as binding agent for wood-panel used in industry. For the preparation of composite material, ground powder rice husks were mixed with urea formaldehyde resin used in different proportions (65/50, 75/50, 80/50, 85/50, 95/50 by mass of filler/binder). Each particleboard produced in 393.15 K and 9.8 MPa pressure was tested by means of three point bending strength, shore hardness and limited oxygen index (LOI) tests. Particleboard made with 75/50 paddy husk/urea formaldehyde composition material formed of 11.40 MPa specimens showed the highest strength. Limited oxygen index value increased by increasing the filler material usage. The highest LOI value was recorded as 40%. Besides, fire point of particleboards which have the best three point bending strength has been analyzed at environmental atmosphere and 493.15 K has been measured as fire point. The results of the tests showed that this material maybe used instead of wooden plate. The usage of agricultural wastes like these in processing of particleboard will give economically benefits and slow down waste products.
Interinstitutional variations in mode of birth after a previous caesarean section: a cross-sectional study in six German hospitals
Authors: Gross Mechthild M. , Matterne Andrea , Berlage Silvia , Kaiser Annette , Lack Nicholas , Macher-Heidrich Susanne , Misselwitz Björn , Bahlmann Franz , Falbrede Jörg , Hillemanns Peter , von Kaisenberg Constantin , von Koch Franz Edler , Schild Ralf L. , Stepan Holger , Devane Declan , Mikolajczyk Rafael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Aims: Regional and interinstitutional variations have been recognized in the increasing incidence of caesarean section. Modes of birth after previous caesarean section vary widely, ranging from elective repeat caesarean section (ERCS) and unplanned repeat caesarean section (URCS) after trial of labour to vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC). This study describes interinstitutional variations in mode of birth after previous caesarean section in relation to regional indicators in Germany.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional study using the birth registers of six maternity units (n=12,060) in five different German states (n=370,209). Indicators were tested by χ2 and relative deviations from regional values were expressed as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: The percentages of women in the six units with previous caesarean section ranged from 11.9% to 15.9% (P=0.002). VBAC was planned for 36.0% to 49.8% (P=0.003) of these women, but actually completed in only 26.2% to 32.8% (P=0.66). Depending on the indicator, the units studied deviated from the regional data by up to 32% [relative risk 0.68 (0.47–0.97)] in respect of completed VBAC among all initiated VBAC.

Conclusions: There is substantial interinstitutional variation in mode of birth following previous caesarean section. This variation is in addition to regional patterns.
On the generalization of density topologies on the real line
Authors: Hejduk Jacek , Wiertelak Renata 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper concerns the density points with respect to the sequences of intervals tending to zero in the family of Lebesgue measurable sets. It shows that for some sequences analogue of the Lebesgue density theorem holds. Simultaneously, this paper presents proof of theorem that for any sequence of intervals tending to zero a relevant operator ϕJ generates a topology. It is almost but not exactly the same result as in the category aspect presented in [WIERTELAK, R.: A generalization of density topology with respect to category, Real Anal. Exchange 32 (2006/2007), 273–286]. Therefore this paper is a continuation of the previous research concerning similarities and differences between measure and category.