bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An atomistically informed energy-based theory of environmentally assisted failure
Authors: Ganesan Sriram , Sundararaghavan Veera 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The critical energy release rate, defined as G

c
=2γ+γ
p (where γ is the cohesive energy and γ
p is the plastic work), is widely used as a macroscopic fracture criterion. During embrittlement of aluminum by gallium, impurity segregation is localized to a small region along the grain boundary and the bulk plastic properties are unaffected. Yet, the critical energy release rate (which is predominantly described by the plastic work [γ
p] since γ
p>>γ) significantly decreases. In this work, we recognize that as the cohesive energy (γ) decreases during corrosion due to an increase in impurity concentration, the stress needed at the notch tip to form the crack decreases, and this, in turn, decreases the plastic work by reducing dislocation emission at the notch tip. We study two different models proposed in the past that can capture this dependence of γ
p on γ during liquid metal (Ga) embrittlement of aluminum alloy (Al 7075). The parameters in these models are computed from first principles atomistic calculations and recent experiments. We compare and contrast these models on their ability to describe various aspects of embrittlement such as fracture toughness, K
IC, and subcritical value of stress intensity, K
Iscc. Extension of the approach to predict threshold fatigue crack initiation in Al7075 is suggested.
Character sums over unions of intervals
Authors: Shao Xuancheng 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Let q be a cube-free positive integer and

χ

(
mod

q
)

${\chi ~(\text{mod}~q)}$

be a
non-principal Dirichlet character. Our main result is a Burgess-type
estimate for

∑

n
∈
A

χ

(
n
)

${\sum _{n\in A}\chi (n)}$

, where

A
⊂
[
1
,
q
]

${A\subset [1,q]}$

is the
union of s disjoint intervals

I
1

,
...
,

I
s

${I_1,\ldots ,I_s}$

. We obtain a
nontrivial estimate for the character sum over A whenever

|
A
|

s

-
1
/
2

>

q

1
/
4
+
ϵ

${|A|s^{-1/2}&gt;q^{1/4+\epsilon }}$

and each interval Ij
(

1
≤
j
≤
s

${1\le j\le s}$

) has length

|

I
j

|
>

q
ϵ

${|I_j|&gt;q^{\epsilon }}$

for any

ϵ
>
0

${\epsilon &gt;0}$

. This
follows from an improvement of a mean value Burgess-type estimate
studied by Heath-Brown [Number Theory and Related Fields,
Springer Proc. Math. Statist. 43, New York (2013), 199–213].
A Safe Flight Approach of the UAV in the Electrical Line Inspection
Authors: Liu Changan , Liu Yang , Wu Hua , Dong Ruifang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In recent years, the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) inspection for the electrical line has received increasing attentions due to the advantages of low costs, easiness to control and flexibility. The UAV can inspect the electrical tower independently and automatically by planning the flight path. But during the inspection along the path, the UAV is easily impacted by gust wind due to its light weight and small size, which always leads to the crash into the electrical tower. Thus, in this paper, a safe flight approach (SFA) is proposed to make the flight be safer during the inspection. The main contributions include: firstly, the piecewise linear interpolation method is proposed to fit the distribution curve of the electrical towers based on the GPS coordinates of the electrical towers; secondly, the no-fly zone on the both sides of the distribution curve are created, and a security distance formula (SDF) is raised to decide the width of the no-fly zone; thirdly, a gust wind formula (GWF) is proposed to improve the artificial potential field approach, which can contribute to the path planning of the UAV; finally, a flight path of the UAV can be planned using the SFA to make the UAV avoid colliding with the electric tower. The proposed approach is tested on the experiment to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Experimental analysis on the influence of internal finning on the efficiency of a solar flat plate collector using Al
2
O
3
nanoparticles
Authors: Munuswamy Dinesh Babu , Madhavan Venkata Ramanan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Two collectors with the same area of

945
×
420

$945\times 420$

mm have been designed and
fabricated: one flat plate collector with internally grooved fins inserted
inside the riser tubes and the other one with plain riser tubes. Provisions
were made for inserting the T-type thermocouples at six different locations to
monitor temperature variations inside the riser tubes of the collector.
The two identical systems of collectors (finned and unfinned tube) were
initially run with base working fluid (water) and then with
Al
2
O
3
nanoparticles with a size of 40 nm for
different weight fractions of

0
.
2

$0.2$

% and

0
.
4

$0.4$

% in incremental order to
study the effect on the efficiency of collectors. Mixing of nanoparticles in
water thus improves the efficiency of the collector. Results show the
efficiency of finned tube collector using the nanoparticles and water is
substantially higher when compared to that of unfinned riser tubes collector.
Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VI: acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis according to the presence or absence of microorganisms and inflammation in the amniotic cavity
Authors: Romero Roberto , Chaemsaithong Piya , Docheva Nikolina , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Kusanovic Juan P. , Yoon Bo Hyun , Kim Jung-Sun , Chaiyasit Noppadol , Ahmed Ahmed I. , Qureshi Faisal , Jacques Suzanne M. , Kim Chong Jai , Hassan Sonia S. , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Yeo Lami , Kim Yeon Mee 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term are at an increased risk of infection. Acute subchorionitis, chorioamnionitis, and funisitis are considered placental histologic features consistent with acute inflammation according to the Society for Pediatric Pathology. The objectives of this study were to examine the performance of placental histologic features in the identification of: 1) microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation (intra-amniotic infection); and 2) fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS).This retrospective cohort study included women with the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term (n=45), who underwent an amniocentesis to determine: 1) the presence of microorganisms using both cultivation and molecular biologic techniques [polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with broad range primers]; and 2) interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and likelihood ratios) of placental histologic features consistent with acute inflammation was determined for the identification of microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation and FIRS.1) The presence of acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis was associated with the presence of proven intra-amniotic infection assessed by amniotic fluid analysis; 2) funisitis was also associated with the presence of FIRS; 3) the negative predictive value of acute funisitis ≥stage 2 for the identification of neonates born to mothers with intra-amniotic infection was <50%, and therefore, suboptimal to exclude fetal exposure to bacteria in the amniotic cavity; and 4) acute funisitis ≥stage 2 had a negative predictive value of 86.8% for the identification of FIRS in a population with a prevalence of 20%.Acute histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis are associated with intra-amniotic infection and the presence of FIRS. However, current pathologic methods have limitations in the identification of the fetus exposed to microorganisms present in the amniotic cavity. Further studies are thus required to determine whether molecular markers can enhance the performance of placental pathology in the identification of neonates at risk for neonatal sepsis.
Predicting the Cloud Patterns for the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Through a Low-Order Stochastic Model
Authors: Chen Nan , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe assess the predictability limits of the large-scale cloud patterns in the boreal summer intraseasonal variability (BSISO), which are measured by the infrared brightness temperature, a proxy for convective activity. A recent developed nonlinear data analysis technique, nonlinear Laplacian spectrum analysis (NLSA), is applied to the brightness temperature data, defining two spatial modes with high intermittency associated with the BSISO time series. Then a recent developed data-driven physics-constrained low-ordermodeling strategy is applied to these time series. The result is a four dimensional system with two observed BSISO variables and two hidden variables involving correlated multiplicative noise through the nonlinear energyconserving interaction. With the optimal parameters calibrated by information theory, the non-Gaussian fat tailed probability distribution functions (PDFs), the autocorrelations and the power spectrum of the model signals almost perfectly match those of the observed data. An ensemble prediction scheme incorporating an effective on-line data assimilation algorithm for determining the initial ensemble of the hidden variables shows the useful prediction skill in the non-El Niño years is at least 30 days and even reaches 55 days in those years with regular oscillations and the skillful prediction lasts for 18 days in the strong El Niño year (year 1998). Furthermore, the ensemble spread succeeds in indicating the forecast uncertainty. Although the reduced linear model with time-periodic stable-unstable damping is able to capture the non-Gaussian fat tailed PDFs, it is less skillful in forecasting the BSISO in the years with irregular oscillations. The failure of the ensemble spread to include the truth also indicates failure in quantification of the uncertainty. In addition, without the energy-conserving nonlinear interactions, the linear model is sensitive with parameter variations. mcwfnally, the twin experiment with nonlinear stochastic model has comparable skill as the observed data, suggesting the nonlinear stochastic model has significant skill for determining the predictability limits of the large-scale cloud patterns of the BSISO.
Lessons from the development of a web portal on prevention and health promotion
Authors: Kohler Stefan , Willich Stefan N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A modern urban lifestyle can be a risk factor for developing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems (Eckert S, Kohler S. Urbanization and health in developing countries: A systematic review. World Health Popul. 2014;15:7–20; Penkalla AM, Kohler S. Urbanicity and mental health in Europe: a systematic review. Eur J Ment Health 2014;9:163–77). Two non-commercial, state-funded web portals in the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg are attempting to support the residents in realizing a healthier lifestyle. The initial portal is named Präventionsatlas [Atlas of Prevention] and has existed since 2008. The second portal, called Stadtplan Gesundheitsförderung [Health Promotion Map], went online in 2014 and has become the successor to the former. Both web portals provide health information as well as searchable databases with locally available health promotion courses and projects. Since internet portals and knowledge management through Internet portals have become more and more frequently used as public health tools (see, e.g. Quinn E, Huckel-Schneider C, Campbell D, Seale H, Milat AJ. How can knowledge exchange portals assist in knowledge management for evidence-informed decision making in public health? BMC Public Health 2014;14:443), we share our lessons learned during the development and revision of the health portal www.praeventionsatlas.de in this article.
eHealth & mHealth: Die Rolle der Online- und Mobil-Kommunikation in der Gesundheits- und Krisenkommunikation
Authors: Rossmann Constanze , Krömer Nicola 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Durch elektronisch verfügbare Gesundheitsinformationen, die zeit- und ortsunabhängig abgerufen werden können (eHealth), sowie Gesundheitsangebote auf Mobiltelefonen oder Smart Devices (mHealth) entstehen neue Möglichkeiten aber auch Herausforderungen für die Gesundheitskommunikation. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt diese unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Kommunikation in Gesundheitskrisen auf.
Patient im Netz – Gesundheitssystem und Digitale Kluft
Authors: Koch Christoph 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Das World Wide Web hat sich in einer rasanten Entwicklung vom speziellen Kommunikationsnetz akademischer Eliten zu einem Massenmedium gewandelt. Dies geschah parallel mit einem Wandel der Patientenrolle, der den Kranken oder Gesundheit Suchenden zunehmend als Nutzer, Kunde und Konsument definiert. Beide Entwicklungen scheinen synergistisch zu wirken und eine klare Spaltung der Patienten dabei in unterschiedliche Subkulturen von Kompetenz und Handlungsfreiheit aufzutrennen.
Gesundheitsrelevante Themen auf Facebook: eine Inhaltsanalyse
Authors: Lindacher Verena , Loss Julika 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Soziale Online-Netzwerke wie Facebook sind zentraler Teil im Alltag junger Menschen. Inwieweit dort stattfindende Interaktionen die Gesundheit beeinflussen, ist kaum untersucht. Eine Studie analysierte, wie Studierende auf Facebook über gesundheitsrelevantes Verhalten kommunizieren (Rauchen, Alkoholkonsum, Ernährung, Sport). Es zeigte sich, dass vorrangig Risikoverhalten auf den Facebook-Profilen berichtet wird und stets in einem erstrebenswerten Kontext dargestellt wird und dazu beiträgt, ein positives Selbstbild zu erzeugen.
Internet- und Mobilebasierte Interventionen in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Lin Jiaxi , Baumeister Harald 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Strukturelle Versorgungslücken und niedrige Inanspruchnahmeraten therapiebedürftiger Menschen beschränken eine bedarfsgerechte psychotherapeutische Versorgung. Internet- und Mobilebasierte Interventionen (IMIs) können als ort- und zeitunabhängige Angebote dazu beitragen, die psychotherapeutische Versorgung zu verbessern. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Gegenstandsbereich, der Evidenzbasierung sowie den Implementierungsmöglichkeiten von IMIs.
Wenn ohne PC nichts mehr geht: pathologischer PC-Gebrauch und Folgen
Authors: Feindel Holger 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Zahl der Patienten, bei denen eine psychotherapeutische Behandlungsindikation wegen pathologischen PC-/Internet-Gebrauchs besteht, steigt in den letzten Jahren im klinischen Setting kontinuierlich an. Der Beitrag hat das Ziel, einen kurzen Überblick über Erscheinungsformen und Charakteristik des medialen Angebotes zu vermitteln, sowie einen Ansatz zur diagnostischen Handhabung und therapeutischen Herangehensweise vorzustellen.
Acute Effect of Biomechanical Muscle Stimulation on the Counter-Movement Vertical Jump Power and Velocity in Division I Football Players
Authors: Jacobson Bert H. , Monaghan Taylor P. , Sellers John H. , Conchola Eric C. , Pope Zach K. , Glass Rob G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Jacobson, BH, Monaghan, TP, Sellers, JH, Conchola, EC, Pope, ZK, and Glass, RG. Acute effect of biomechanical muscle stimulation on the counter-movement vertical jump power and velocity in division I football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1259–1264, 2017—Research regarding whole body vibration (WBV) largely supports such training augmentation in attempts to increase muscle strength and power. However, localized biomechanical vibration has not received the same attention. The purpose of this study was to assess peak and average power before and after acute vibration of selected lower-body sites in division I athletes. Twenty-one subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions using a cross-over design. Pretest consisted of a counter-movement vertical jump (VJ) followed by either localized vibration (30 Hz) to 4 selected lower-body areas or 4 minutes of moderately low-resistance stationary cycling (70 rpm). Vibration consisted of 1 minute bouts at each lower-leg site for a total of 4 minutes followed by an immediate post-test VJ. Repeated measures analysis of variance yielded no significant differences (p > 0.05) in either peak power or peak velocity. Similarly, no significant differences were found for average power and velocity between conditions. It should be noted that, while not significant, the vibration condition demonstrated an increase in peak power and velocity while the bike condition registered slight decreases. Comparing each of the post-VJ repetitions (1, 2, and 3) the vibration condition experienced significantly greater peak power and velocity from VJ 1 to VJ 3 compared with the bike condition which demonstrated no significant differences among the post-test VJs. These results yielded similar, although not statistically significant outcomes to previous studies using WBV. However, the novelty of selected site biomechanical vibration merits further investigation with respect to frequency, magnitude, and duration of vibration.
α‐synuclein assemblies sequester neuronal α3‐Na+/K+‐ATPase and impair Na+ gradient
Authors: Shrivastava Amulya Nidhi , Redeker Virginie , Fritz Nicolas , Pieri Laura , Almeida Leandro G , Spolidoro Maria , Liebmann Thomas , Bousset Luc , Renner Marianne , Léna Clément , Aperia Anita , Melki Ronald , Triller Antoine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExtracellular α‐synuclein (α‐syn) assemblies can be up‐taken by neurons; however, their interaction with the plasma membrane and proteins has not been studied specifically. Here we demonstrate that α‐syn assemblies form clusters within the plasma membrane of neurons. Using a proteomic‐based approach, we identify the α3‐subunit of Na+/K+‐ATPase (NKA) as a cell surface partner of α‐syn assemblies. The interaction strength depended on the state of α‐syn, fibrils being the strongest, oligomers weak, and monomers none. Mutations within the neuron‐specific α3‐subunit are linked to rapid‐onset dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). We show that freely diffusing α3‐NKA are trapped within α‐syn clusters resulting in α3‐NKA redistribution and formation of larger nanoclusters. This creates regions within the plasma membrane with reduced local densities of α3‐NKA, thereby decreasing the efficiency of Na+ extrusion following stimulus. Thus, interactions of α3‐NKA with extracellular α‐syn assemblies reduce its pumping activity as its mutations in RDP/AHC.
Onset of Graves' disease during long-term immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with membranous nephropathy
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroaki 
Published: September 2015

Summary
A 67-year-old man was referred to our department for thyrotoxicosis with intermittent palpitation and 4-kg weight loss during the previous month. At the first visit, the patient was treated with cyclosporine A (CyA) for membranous nephropathy during the last 3 years and 8 months. Laboratory studies revealed that the serum TSH level was <0.005 μU/ml, and free thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were elevated at 2.76 ng/dl and 5.96 pg/ml respectively. Anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) level was increased at 26.4%. A clinical diagnosis of Graves' hyperthyroidism was given, and then thyrostatic treatment with thiamazole (MMI) at a dose of 10 mg daily was initiated after CyA withdrawal. After the initiation of MMI therapy, serum fT4 and fT3 attained the normal level within 1.5 months, with relief of symptoms followed by a remarkable decrease in urinary protein excretion from 2.0–5.2 g/day to ≤0.03 g/day. The patient maintained euthyroid with a low titre of TRAb for the succeeding 2 years and then MMI was finally stopped. Neither a relapse of hyperthyroidism nor a flare-up of nephrotic syndrome was observed for 3 years after MMI discontinuation. CyA has conflicting effects on immunologic self-tolerance by modulation of self-reactive T cells and natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) functions, and possibly becomes a triggering factor in the development of autoimmune disorders. This case may be interesting when considering the effect of each T cell subset on the development of Graves' disease.

Learning points

The balance between intrathyroidal self-reactive T cell and natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg functions determine self-tolerance in the thyroid.

CyA not only halts the expansion of self-reactive T cells but also impairs the function of Treg, which can provoke an unwanted immune response.

A change in thyroid autoimmunity during treatment with CyA may result in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD).

Renal involvement in AITD frequently manifests as nephrotic syndrome, and thyrostatic treatment with thiamazole may be effective for excessive proteinuria.
A Quality Improvement Project to Improve Family Recognition of Medical Team Member Roles
Authors: Hayes Rebecca M. , Wickline Afton , Hensley Christina , Cowen Kelsey , Jessie Ashley , Akers Melanie , Dolan Jenna , Pritt Audra , Goodrich Shea , O’Neill Kelly , Flesher Susan L. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Previous studies have shown that inpatients and families in academic settings have a limited ability to recall either their medical team members or the roles of those members. This is an important issue for patient and family satisfaction as well as patient safety. The objective of this study was to increase families’ recognition of medical team members’ roles.

METHODS:
We established a multidisciplinary quality improvement leadership team, measured family recognition of medical team members and their roles, and conducted 2 PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycles. The first intervention was standardization of the content and delivery of our verbal team introductions to ensure inclusion of essential elements and family engagement. The second intervention was addition of an informational white board in each patient room. The prospective study included 105 families in the preintervention phase, 103 post-PDSA cycle 1, and 92 post-PDSA cycle 2.

RESULTS:
After conduction of 2 PDSA cycles, the recognition of the attending role increased from 49% to 87% (P = .000), the resident role from 39% to 73% (P = .000), and the medical student from 75% to 89% (P = .038).

CONCLUSIONS:
The multidisciplinary quality improvement model was effective in improving family recognition of the roles of attending physicians, resident physicians, and medical students. Consistent attention to engaging the families and explaining our roles as well as providing informational white boards are effective interventions to facilitate this process.