bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term mortality and causes of death in HIV/tuberculosis patients in Europe
Authors: Podlekareva Daria N. , Panteleev Alexander M. , Grint Daniel , Post Frank A. , Miro Jose M. , Bruyand Mathias , Furrer Hansjakob , Obel Niels , Girardi Enrico , Vasilenko Anna , Losso Marcelo H. , Arenas-Pinto Alejandro , Caylá Joan , Rakhmanova Aza , Zeltina Indra , Werlinrud Anne Marie , Lundgren Jens D. , Mocroft Amanda , Kirk Ole ,   the HIV/TB study group
Published: June 2013

Mortality of HIV/tuberculosis (TB) patients in Eastern Europe is high. Little is known about their causes of death.This study aimed to assess and compare mortality rates and cause of death in HIV/TB patients across Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Argentina (WEA) in an international cohort study. Mortality rates and causes of death were analysed by time from TB diagnosis (<3 months, 3–12 months or >12 months) in 1078 consecutive HIV/TB patients. Factors associated with TB-related death were examined in multivariate Poisson regression analysis.347 patients died during 2625 person-years of follow-up. Mortality in Eastern Europe was three- to ninefold higher than in WEA. TB was the main cause of death in Eastern Europe in 80%, 66% and 61% of patients who died <3 months, 3–12 months or >12 months after TB diagnosis, compared to 50%, 0% and 15% in the same time periods in WEA (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, follow-up in WEA (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.12, 95% CI 0.04–0.35), standard TB-treatment (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20–0.99) and antiretroviral therapy (IRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.77) were associated with reduced risk of TB-related death.Persistently higher mortality rates were observed in HIV/TB patients in Eastern Europe, and TB was the dominant cause of death at any time during follow-up. This has important implications for HIV/TB programmes aiming to optimise the management of HIV/TB patients and limit TB-associated mortality in this region.
The acute transcriptional response of the coral Acropora millepora to immune challenge: expression of GiMAP/IAN genes links the innate immune responses of corals with those of mammals and plants
Authors: Weiss Yvonne , Forêt Sylvain , Hayward David C , Ainsworth Tracy , King Rob , Ball Eldon E , Miller David J 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAs a step towards understanding coral immunity we present the first whole transcriptome analysis of the acute responses ofAcropora milleporato challenge with the bacterial cell wall derivative MDP and the viral mimic poly I:C, defined immunogens provoking distinct but well characterised responses in higher animals.ResultsThese experiments reveal similarities with the responses both of arthropods and mammals, as well as coral-specific effects. The most surprising finding was that MDP specifically induced three members of the GiMAP gene family, which has been implicated in immunity in mammals but is absent fromDrosophilaandCaenorhabditis. Like their mammalian homologs, GiMAP genes are arranged in a tandem cluster in the coral genome.ConclusionsA phylogenomic survey of this gene family implies ancient origins, multiple independent losses and lineage-specific expansions during animal evolution. Whilst functional convergence cannot be ruled out, GiMAP expression in corals may reflect an ancestral role in immunity, perhaps in phagolysosomal processing.
Vitamin D supplementation for patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-beta: a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect on flu-like symptoms and immunomodulatory properties
Authors: Golan Daniel , Halhal Basheer , Glass-Marmor Lea , Staun-Ram Elsebeth , Rozenberg Orit , Lavi Idit , Dishon Sara , Barak Mira , Ish-Shalom Sophia , Miller Ariel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Flu-like symptoms (FLS) are common side effects of interferon beta (IFN-β) treatment in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and are associated with post-injection cytokine surge. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation would ameliorate FLS by decreasing related serum cytokines’ levels.

Methods
In a randomized, double blind study of 45 IFNβ-treated PwMS, 21 patients were assigned to 800 IU of vitamin D3 per day (low dose), while 24 patients received 4,370 IU per day (high dose) for one year. FLS were assessed monthly by telephonic interviews. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy-D (25-OH-D), calcium, PTH, IL-17, IL-10 and IFN-γ were measured periodically. EDSS, relapses, adverse events and quality of life (QoL) were documented.

Results
25-OH-D levels increased to a significantly higher levels and PTH levels decreased in the high dose group. There was no significant change in FLS. IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the low dose group, while patients receiving high dose vitamin D had a heterogeneous IL-17 response. No significant differences in relapse rate, EDSS, QoL, serum IL-10 and IFNγ were found. Hypercalcemia or other potential major adverse events were not observed.

Conclusion
Vitamin D supplementation to IFN−β treated PwMS, at the doses used, seems safe and associated with dose-dependent changes in IL-17 serum levels, while not affecting IFN−β related FLS.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01005095
Profiling of normal and malignant breast tissue show CD44high/CD24lowphenotype as a predominant stem/progenitor marker when used in combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f markers
Authors: Ghebeh Hazem , Sleiman Ghida Majed , Manogaran Pulicat S , Al-Mazrou Amer , Barhoush Eman , Al-Mohanna Falah H , Tulbah Asma , Al-Faqeeh Khalid , Adra Chaker N 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence supports cancer to initiate and develop from a small population of stem-like cells termed as cancer stem cells (CSC). The exact phenotype of CSC and their counterparts in normal mammary gland is not well characterized. In this study our aim was to evaluate the phenotype and function of stem/progenitor cells in normal mammary epithelial cell populations and their malignant counterparts.MethodsFreshly isolated cells from both normal and malignant human breasts were sorted using 13 widely used stem/progenitor cell markers individually or in combination by multi-parametric (up to 9 colors) cell sorting. The sorted populations were functionally evaluated by their ability to form colonies and mammospheres,in vitro.ResultsWe have compared, for the first time, the stem/progenitor markers of normal and malignant breasts side-by-side. Amongst all markers tested, we found CD44high/CD24lowcell surface marker combination to be the most efficient at selecting normal epithelial progenitors. Further fractionation of CD44high/CD24lowpositive cells showed that this phenotype selects for luminal progenitors within Ep-CAMhigh/CD49f + cells, and enriches for basal progenitors within Ep-CAM-/low/CD49f + cells. On the other hand, primary breast cancer samples, which were mainly luminal Ep-CAMhigh, had CD44high/CD24lowcells among both CD49fnegand CD49f + cancer cell fractions. However, functionally, CSC were predominantly CD49f + proposing the use of CD44high/CD24lowin combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f cell surface markers to further enrich for CSC.ConclusionOur study clearly demonstrates that both normal and malignant breast cells with the CD44high/CD24lowphenotype have the highest stem/progenitor cell ability when used in combination with Ep-CAM/CD49f reference markers. We believe that this extensive characterization study will help in understanding breast cancer carcinogenesis, heterogeneity and drug resistance.
Dynamic variations in the ultrasound greyscale median of carotid artery plaques
Authors: Kanber Baris , Hartshorne Timothy C , Horsfield Mark A , Naylor Andrew R , Robinson Thompson G , Ramnarine Kumar V 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Several studies have found that the ultrasound greyscale median (GSM) of carotid artery plaques may be useful for predicting the risk of cerebrovascular events. However, measurements of GSM are typically performed on still ultrasound images ignoring any variations that may be observed on a frame-by-frame basis. The aim of this study was to establish the existence and investigate the nature and extent of these variations.

Methods
Employing a novel method that enabled plaque boundaries to be tracked semi-automatically, variations in the plaque GSM and observed cross-sectional area were measured for 27 carotid artery plaques (19 consecutive patients, stenosis range 10%-80%) over image sequences of up to 10 seconds in length acquired with a mean frame rate of 32 frames per second.

Results
Our results showed a mean inter-frame coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.2% (s.d. 2.5%) for GSM and 4.2% (s.d. 2.9%) for the plaque area. Thirteen of the 27 plaques (48%) exhibited CV in GSM greater than 5% whereas only six plaques (22%) had CV in plaque area of greater than 5%. There was no significant correlation between the CV of GSM and plaque area.

Conclusions
Inter-frame variations in the plaque GSM such as those found in this study have implications on the reproducibility of GSM measurements and their clinical utility. Studies assessing the GSM of carotid artery plaques should consider these variations.
Topical administration of orbital fat-derived stem cells promotes corneal tissue regeneration
Authors: Lin Ko-Jo , Loi Mei-Xue , Lien Gi-Shih , Cheng Chieh-Feng , Pao Hsiang-Yin , Chang Yun-Chuang , Ji Andrea Tung-Qian , Ho Jennifer Hui-Chun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Topical administration of eye drops is the major route for drug delivery to the cornea. Orbital fat-derived stem cells (OFSCs) possess an in vitro corneal epithelial differentiation capacity. Both the safety and immunomodulatory ability of systemic OFSC transplantation were demonstrated in our previous work. In this study, we investigated the safety, therapeutic effect, and mechanism(s) of topical OFSC administration in an extensive alkali-induced corneal wound.

Methods
Corneal injury was created by contact of a piece of 0.5 N NaOH-containing filter paper on the corneal surface of a male Balb/c mouse for 30 s. The area of the filter paper covered the central 70% or 100% of the corneal surface. OFSCs (2 × 105) in 5 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were given by topical administration (T) twice a day or by two intralimbal (IL) injections in the right cornea, while 5 μl of PBS in the left cornea served as the control.

Results
Topical OFSCs promoted corneal re-epithelialization of both the limbal-sparing and limbal-involved corneal wounds. In the first three days, topical OFSCs significantly reduced alkali-induced corneal edema and stromal infiltration according to a histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining revealed that transplanted cells were easily detectable in the corneal epithelium, limbal epithelium and stroma, but only some of transplanted cells at the limbal epithelium had differentiated into cytokeratin 3-expressing cells. OFSCs did not alter neutrophil (Ly6G) levels in the cornea, but significantly reduced macrophage (CD68) infiltration and inducible nitrous oxide synthetase (iNOS) production during acute corneal injury as quantified by a Western blot analysis. Continuous topical administration of OFSCs for seven days improved corneal transparency, and this was accompanied by diffuse stromal engraftment of transplanted cells and differentiation into p63-expressing cells at the limbal area. The therapeutic effect of the topical administration of OFSCs was superior to that of the IL injection. OFSCs from the IL injection clustered in the limbal area and central corneal epithelium, which was associated with a persistent corneal haze.

Conclusions
Topical OFSC administration is a simple, non-surgical route for stem cell delivery to promote corneal tissue regeneration through ameliorating acute inflammation and corneal epithelial differentiation. The limbal area serves as a niche for OFSCs differentiating into corneal epithelial cells in the first week, while the stroma is a potential site for anti-inflammation of OFSCs. Inhibition of corneal inflammation is related to corneal transparency.
Incorporation of Fluorescent Nonnatural Amino Acid into Sialic Acid-Binding Lectin for Fluorescence Detection of Ligand-Binding
Authors: Ito Yasutaka , Hohsaka Takahiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Lectins are important not only as biological functional molecules but as useful probes for glycan analysis. Here, we developed fluorescent-labeled lectins showing fluorescence changes upon ligand-binding. BODIPYFL-aminophenylalanine was incorporated at eight respective positions near the ligand-binding site of a sialic acid-binding lectin in response to UAG codon in a cell-free translation system. Fluorescence imaging of SDS-PAGE gel indicated the successful expression of the fluorescent-labeled lectins containing BODIPYFL-linked amino acid. Fluorescence spectral measurements revealed that the fluorescent-labeled lectins showed significant increases in the fluorescence intensity upon the binding of sialyllactose for all the incorporation positions. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity increased 3.7-fold for the labeled lectin at Thr38 position. The increase in the fluorescence intensity could occur because the fluorescence of BODIPYFL is quenched by amino acid residues located near the ligand-binding site in the absence of ligand, but the ligand-binding reduces the fluorescence quenching by removing the BODIPYFL moiety from the ligand-binding site. The W31F substitution decreased the fluorescence change of the labeled lectin, suggesting that the Trp31 residue may partially contribute to the ligand-dependent quenching. The present strategy will be utilized for producing various fluorescent-labeled lectin probes showing ligand-dependent fluorescence change.
Facile Low-Temperature Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Graphene Oxide/TiO2 Composite
Authors: Soejima Tetsuro , Maru Yosuke , Ito Seishiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Graphene (oxide)/TiO2 composite materials have attracted widespread attention because of their scientific and technological importance as, for example, photocatalysts or electronic materials. These composites are usually prepared using high-temperature and/or slow synthetic procedures such as the hydrothermal method. Here, we demonstrate a low-temperature and relatively rapid synthesis of a graphene oxide/TiO2 composite. Graphene oxide sheets decorated with anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are successfully obtained by refluxing graphene oxide sheets dispersed in an aqueous TiOSO4 ethanol solution at 80 °C for 2 h. The graphene oxide is reduced during photocatalytic reduction of the TiO2 deposited on the surface of the graphene oxide. The reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 composite shows very high photocatalytic activity as compared with pure TiO2 and nonreduced graphene oxide/TiO2.
Kinetics Study on 3-Hexylthiophene Polymerization with Iron(III) Chloride
Authors: Liu Yi , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Saigo Kazuhiko , Sugimoto Ryuichi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The kinetics of 3-hexylthiophene polymerization by FeCl3 was investigated. There was observed a simple and rapid rise to a maximum polymerization rate (Rp) followed by a moderate decay to a stationary Rp. The polymerization activity increased monotonically with increasing reaction temperature to correspond to an overall activation energy of 15.4 kJ mol−1.
Toric geometry of the 3-Kimura model for any tree
Authors: Michałek Mateusz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper we present geometric features of group-based phylogenetic models. We address a long standing problem of determining the ideal of the claw tree [23], [12]. We focus on the 3-Kimura model. In particular we present a precise geometric description of the variety associated to any tree on a Zariski open set. This set contains all biologically meaningful points. The result confirms the conjecture of Sturmfels and Sullivant [23] on the degree in which the ideal associated to the 3-Kimura model is generated on that set.
Raub- und Beutegut in den Beständen des Bibliothekssystems der Freien Universität Berlin
Authors: Narewski Ringo 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Der Aufsatz skizziert die derzeitigen Vorstellungen und Bemühungen der Bibliotheken der Freien Universität Berlin, die Suche nach Raub- und Beutegut in den eigenen Beständen aktiv auf wissenschaftlichem Niveau zu betreiben. Zugleich ist es der Versuch, die Komplexität dieses Unterfangens zu umreißen.
F.A.Z.-Rezensionen als Kataloganreicherung im Katalog des GBV
Authors: Diedrichs Reiner , Cramer Corinna 
Published: June 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Der Beitrag beschreibt das automatisierte Verfahren zum Einsatz von Buchrezensionen der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung (FAZ) zur Kataloganreichung im GVK. Mit diesem Verfahren werden regelmäßig Buchrezensionen aus dem Datenbanksystem des FAZ-Archivs gezogen und den entsprechenden Einträgen im GVK zugeordnet. In dem Projekt ist es erstmals gelungen, bibliographische Angaben aus retrodigitalisierten Zeitungsinhalten zu extrahieren. Bisher wurden so die Jahrgänge 1949 bis 1974 mit ca. 20 000 Rezensionen bearbeitet.
Current methods for the isolation of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Momen-Heravi Fatemeh , Balaj Leonora , Alian Sara , Mantel Pierre-Yves , Halleck Allison E. , Trachtenberg Alexander J. , Soria Cesar E. , Oquin Shanice , Bonebreak Christina M. , Saracoglu Elif , Skog Johan , Kuo Winston Patrick 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are nano- to micron-sized vesicles, which may deliver bioactive cargos that include lipids, growth factors and their receptors, proteases, signaling molecules, as well as mRNA and non-coding RNA, released from the cell of origin, to target cells. EVs are released by all cell types and likely induced by mechanisms involved in oncogenic transformation, environmental stimulation, cellular activation, oxidative stress, or death. Ongoing studies investigate the molecular mechanisms and mediators of EVs-based intercellular communication at physiological and oncogenic conditions with the hope of using this information as a possible source for explaining physiological processes in addition to using them as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers in a variety of diseases. A major limitation in this evolving discipline is the hardship and the lack of standardization for already challenging techniques to isolate EVs. Technical advances have been accomplished in the field of isolation with improving knowledge and emerging novel technologies, including ultracentrifugation, microfluidics, magnetic beads and filtration-based isolation methods. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances in methods of isolation methods and production of clinical grade EVs as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and the justification for their support and the challenges that they encounter.
Liquidus Temperature of Mould Fluxes in Casting of Ti-stablized Stainless Steel
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Wang Zhen , Chou Kuochih 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLiquidus temperatures of mould fluxes for casting of Ti-stabilized stainless steel were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques in the present work. Multiple DTA curves were employed to guarantee better accuracy for liquidus temperature determination. To investigate effect of compositions change on solidification of mould fluxes during casting of Ti-stabilized stainless steel, changes of liquidus and solidus temperatures with TiO2 substitution for SiO22 in mould fluxes were studied. It was found that TiO2 substitution for SiO22 in mould fluxes would lead to decrease of liquidus temperature. Thermodynamic package FactSage was also employed to calculate the liquidus temperature of mould fluxes. The calculated results were compared with experimental data, and discrepancy between calculated and experimental liquidus temperatures was discussed.
Mechanical Properties of the Directionally Solidified Ceramic Eutectic of Al2O3/Al16Ti5O34 Phase Structure
Authors: Abali Serkan , Ekerim Ahmet 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAl2O3/TiO2 eutectics containing 62–64 wt% Al2O3 were fabricated by a laser floating zone method. Raman spectrometry was used to determine the phase composition. The compressive creep strength of AT36 (Al16Ti5O34/Al2O3) crystal at 1500°C under the strain rate of 1.0 × 10−4 s−1 has 372 MPa, which is about higher than β-Al2TiO5 and β-Al2TiO5/Al2O3 crystals. High-temperature flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of the AT36 crystals were analyzed. The highest flexure strength at ambient temperature was found in the material with 36 wt% TiO2. In addition, we briefly discussed the relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties in AT36 crystal.
Crystal structure of tetra(3-carboxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl) bis(dimethyl fumarate) bicopper(II) complex, C21H37CuN3O7
Authors: Niu De-Zhong , Zheng Li-Hua , Gao Fan , Fu Rong , Wang Min 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C21H37CuN3O7, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.9210(9) Å, b = 11.626(1) Å, c = 12.038(1) Å, α = 85.588(2)°, β = 72.209(2)°, γ = 64.942(2)°, V = 1315.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0468, wRref(F2) = 0.1340, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoate, C23H22O5
Authors: Lei Dong , Xiaohong Yang , Di Liang , Wei Sun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract C23H22O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.225(2) Å, b = 8.276(2) Å, c = 14.640(3) Å, β = 95.66(3)°, V = 991.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0417, wRref(F2) = 0.1035, T = 290 K.
Simulation of Transient Enhanced Diffusion in Silicon Taking into Account Ostwald Ripening of Defects
Authors: Uematsu Masashi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of high-dose implanted P is simulated taking into account Ostwald ripening of end-of-range (EOR) defects. First, we integrated a basic diffusion model based on the simulation of in-diffusion, where no implanted damages are involved. Second, from low-dose implantation, we developed a model for TED due to {311} self-interstitial (I) clusters involving Ostwald ripening and the dissolution of {311} clusters. Third, from medium-dose implantation, we showed that P-I clusters should be taken into account, and during the diffusion, the clusters are dissolved to emit self-interstitials that also contribute to TED. Finally, from high-dose implantation, EOR defects are modeled and we derived a formula to describe the time-dependence for Ostwald ripening of EOR defects, which is more significant at higher temperatures and longer annealing times. The simulation satisfactorily predicts the TED for annealing conditions, where the calculations overestimate the diffusion without taking Ostwald ripening into account.
Equity Method Investments and Sell-Side Analysts' Information Environment
Authors: Lee Sam (Sunghan) , Pandit Shailendra , Willis Richard H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT:
We study the joint effects of intercompany investing and reporting of equity method investments on the accuracy and dispersion of analysts' annual earnings-per-share (EPS) forecasts. We compare firm-year observations with and without equity method investments. We posit two non-mutually exclusive explanations for how equity method investments may affect analyst forecast properties. The Opacity Effect posits that the condensed equity method disclosures increase information asymmetry, increasing analysts' forecast errors and forecast dispersion. The Diversification Effect suggests that the diversification of the investor and its investee earnings streams enhances earnings predictability, decreasing analysts' forecast errors and forecast dispersion. Our findings are consistent with both effects operating in the analyst forecasting task. Additional analyses are consistent with the Opacity Effect dominating. This occurrence results, on net, in less accurate and more dispersed forecasts for firm-years with equity method investments.
JEL Classifications: G14, M41