bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Prediction of Volatile Compounds from Initial Amino Acid Profiles in Korean Rice Wine (makgeolli) Model
Authors: Kang Bo‐Sik , Lee Jang‐Eun , Park Hyun‐Jin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn Korean rice wine (makgeolli) model, we tried to develop a prediction model capable of eliciting a quantitative relationship between initial amino acids in makgeolli mash and major aromatic compounds, such as fusel alcohols, their acetate esters, and ethyl esters of fatty acids, in makgeolli brewed. Mass‐spectrometry‐based electronic nose (MS‐EN) was used to qualitatively discriminate between makgeollis made from makgeolli mashes with different amino acid compositions. Following this measurement, headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) combined with partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) method was employed to quantitatively correlate amino acid composition of makgeolli mash with major aromatic compounds evolved during makgeolli fermentation. In qualitative prediction with MS‐EN analysis, the makgeollis were well discriminated according to the volatile compounds derived from amino acids of makgeolli mash. Twenty‐seven ion fragments with mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) of 55 to 98 amu were responsible for the discrimination. In GC‐MS combined with PLSR method, a quantitative approach between the initial amino acids of makgeolli mash and the fusel compounds of makgeolli demonstrated that coefficient of determination (R2) of most of the fusel compounds ranged from 0.77 to 0.94 in good correlation, except for 2‐phenylethanol (R2 = 0.21), whereas R2 for ethyl esters of MCFAs including ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, and ethyl caprate was 0.17 to 0.40 in poor correlation.
Next‐generation approaches to advancing eco‐immunogenomic research in critically endangered primates
Authors: Larsen P. A. , Campbell C. R. , Yoder A. D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing platforms are generating massive amounts of genomic data from nonmodel species, and these data sets are valuable resources that can be mined to advance a number of research areas. An example is the growing amount of transcriptome data that allow for examination of gene expression in nonmodel species. Here, we show how publicly available transcriptome data from nonmodel primates can be used to design novel research focused on immunogenomics. We mined transcriptome data from the world's most endangered group of primates, the lemurs of Madagascar, for sequences corresponding to immunoglobulins. Our results confirmed homology between strepsirrhine and haplorrhine primate immunoglobulins and allowed for high‐throughput sequencing of expressed antibodies (Ig‐seq) in Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli). Using both Pacific Biosciences RS and Ion Torrent PGM sequencing, we performed Ig‐seq on two individuals of Coquerel's sifaka. We generated over 150 000 sequences of expressed antibodies, allowing for molecular characterization of the antigen‐binding region. Our analyses suggest that similar VDJ expression patterns exist across all primates, with sequences closely related to the human VH3 immunoglobulin family being heavily represented in sifaka antibodies. Moreover, the antigen‐binding region of sifaka antibodies exhibited similar amino acid variation with respect to haplorrhine primates. Our study represents the first attempt to characterize sequence diversity of the expressed antibody repertoire in a species of lemur. We anticipate that methods similar to ours will provide the framework for investigating the adaptive immune response in wild populations of other nonmodel organisms and can be used to advance the burgeoning field of eco‐immunology.
Actin sliding velocity on pure myosin isoforms from hindlimb unloaded mice
Authors: Maffei M. , Longa E. , Qaisar R. , Agoni V. , Desaphy J.‐F. , Camerino D. Conte , Bottinelli R. , Canepari M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimNotwithstanding the widely accepted idea that following disuse skeletal muscles become faster, an increase in shortening velocity was previously observed mostly in fibres containing type 1 myosin, whereas a decrease was generally found in fibres containing type 2B myosin. In this study, unloaded shortening velocity of pure type 1 and 2B fibres from hindlimb unloaded mice was determined and a decrease in type 2B fibres was found.MethodsTo clarify whether the decrease in shortening velocity could depend on alterations of myosin motor function, an in vitro motility assay approach was applied to study pure type 1 and pure type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded mice. The latter approach, assessing actin sliding velocity on isolated myosin in the absence of other myofibrillar proteins, enabled to directly investigate myosin motor function.ResultsActin sliding velocity was significantly lower on type 2B myosin following unloading (2.70 ± 0.32 μm s−1) than in control conditions (4.11 ± 0.35 μm s−1), whereas actin sliding velocity of type 1 myosin was not different following unloading (0.89 ± 0.04 μm s−1) compared with control conditions (0.84 ± 0.17 μm s−1). Myosin light chain (MLC) isoform composition of type 2B myosin from hindlimb unloaded and control mice was not different. No oxidation of either type 1 or 2B myosin was observed. Higher phosphorylation of regulatory MLC in type 2B myosin after unloading was found.ConclusionResults suggest that the observed lower shortening velocity of type 2B fibres following unloading could be related to slowing of acto‐myosin kinetics in the presence of MLC phosphorylation.
Gambogic acid suppresses hypoxia‐induced hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/vascular endothelial growth factor expression via inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target protein of rapamycin pathway in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Wei , Guo Liting , Bao Wen , Jin Nan , Liu Ran , Liu Ping , Wang Yonghui , Guo Qinglong , Chen Baoan 
Published: May 2014

In multiple myeloma (MM), the hypoxic environment is an important factor causing tumor angiogenesis, which is strongly correlated to disease progression and unfavorable outcome by activating the key transcription factor, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Gambogic acid (GA) is the major active ingredient of gamboge, which has been shown to possess antitumor effect by in vitro and in vivo study. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of whether GA inhibits tumor angiogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of GA on expression of HIF‐1α, and its downstream target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human MM U266 cells. We found that hypoxia induced increase in the level of HIF‐1α subunit protein and activated the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Moreover, the treatment with GA markedly decreased HIF‐1α and VEGF expression under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistic studies exhibited that GA inhibited the production of HIF‐1α by reducing phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in U266 cells. Furthermore, in vivo study revealed that intravenous injection of GA once every other day for 2 weeks could suppress tumor volumes by antiangiogenesis activity. Taken together, our results identify that GA suppresses hypoxia‐activated pathways that are linked to MM progression, at least partly, by the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, GA may be a new potent therapeutic agent against human MM cells.
Testosterone and mortality
Authors: Muraleedharan Vakkat , Hugh Jones T. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryEpidemiological studies have found that men with low or low normal endogenous testosterone are at an increased risk of mortality than those with higher levels. Cardiovascular disease accounts for the greater proportion of deaths in those with low testosterone. Cancer and respiratory deaths in some of the studies are also significantly more prevalent. Disease‐specific studies have identified that there are higher mortality rates in men with cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer with low testosterone. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and inflammatory disorders are all associated with an increased prevalence of testosterone deficiency. Two major questions that arise from these findings are (1) is testosterone deficiency directly involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions and/or a contributory factor impairing the body's natural defences or is it merely a biomarker of ill health and the severity of underlying disease process? (2) Does testosterone replacement therapy retard disease progression and ultimately enhance the clinical prognosis and survival? This review will discuss the current state of knowledge and discuss whether or not there are any answers to either of these questions. There is convincing evidence that low testosterone is a biomarker for disease severity and mortality. Testosterone deficiency is associated with adverse effects on certain cardiovascular risk factors that when combined could potentially promote atherosclerosis. The issue of whether or not testosterone replacement therapy improves outcomes is controversial. Two retrospective studies in men with diagnosed hypogonadism with or without type 2 diabetes have reported significantly improved survival.
Android and gynoid fat percentages and serum lipid levels in United States adults
Authors: Min Kyoung‐Bok , Min Jin‐Young 
Published: May 2014

SummaryContextAccumulating evidence suggests that fat distribution is a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than body mass index (BMI).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of android and gynoid fat percentages with lipid profiles to determine whether android and/or gynoid fat percentages are associated with serum lipid levels.DesignA population‐based cross‐sectional study.PatientsFive thousand six hundred and ninety‐six adults (20 years and older) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006.MeasurementThe regional body composition in the android and gynoid regions was defined by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The estimation of lipid risk profiles included total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) ‐cholesterol and triglycerides (TG).ResultsRegardless of gender, android and gynoid body fat percentages were positively and significantly correlated with BMI and waist circumference. After adjustment for age, ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, dyslipidaemia and BMI, increases in android fat percentage were significantly associated with total cholesterol, TG and HDL cholesterol in males, and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in females. The gynoid fat percentages showed a positive correlation with total cholesterol in males, whereas gynoid fat accumulation in females showed a favourable association with TG and HDL cholesterol. The observed associations differed according to ethnic groups.ConclusionOur results suggest that regional fat distribution in the android and gynoid regions have different effects on lipid profiles, and that fat in the android region, rather than the gynoid region, may be an important factor in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Structural Analysis of Multivariate Point Clouds Using Simplicial Chains
Authors: Rieck B. , Leitte H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTopological and geometrical methods constitute common tools for the analysis of high‐dimensional scientific data sets. Geometrical methods such as projection algorithms focus on preserving distances in the data set. Topological methods such as contour trees, by contrast, focus on preserving structural and connectivity information. By combining both types of methods, we want to benefit from their individual advantages. To this end, we describe an algorithm that uses persistent homology to analyse the topology of a data set. Persistent homology identifies high‐dimensional holes in data sets, describing them as simplicial chains. We localize these chains using geometrical information of the data set, which we obtain from geodesic distances on a neighbourhood graph. The localized chains describe the structure of point clouds. We represent them using an interactive graph, in which each node describes a single chain and its geometrical properties. This graph yields a more intuitive understanding of multivariate point clouds and simplifies comparisons of time‐varying data. Our method focuses on detecting and analysing inhomogeneous regions, i.e. holes, in a data set because these regions characterize data in a different manner, thereby leading to new insights. We demonstrate the potential of our method on data sets from particle physics, political science and meteorology.
Displacement of Dental Implants Into the Maxillary Sinus: A Retrospective Study of Twenty‐One Patients
Authors: Sgaramella Nicola , Tartaro Gianpaolo , D'Amato Salvatore , Santagata Mario , Colella Giuseppe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundOne possible complication of implant surgery in the posterior maxilla is the displacement of implants into the maxillary sinus.PurposeTo report on clinical and radiological findings and on biological, surgical, and biomechanical considerations in cases of implant displacement.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 21 patients referred to the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Second University of Naples, due to implants displaced into the maxillary sinus. Patient, implant, and treatment data were collected, and 1‐year follow‐up was made.ResultsA total of 24 displaced implants were diagnosed and surgically removed through an antrostomy in the lateral sinus wall. Implant displacement occurred after functional loading in only one case; in the remaining cases, displacement occurred either perioperatively or postoperatively prior to loading. Besides the displacement, eight patients suffered from maxillary sinusitis, treated with a Caldwell‐Luc operation. Healing was uneventful for all patients, and no sinusitis relapse or late postoperative complication was present at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsIt is reasonable to affirm that the major cause of displacement of implants is related, most of the time, to incorrect treatment planning and/or a poorly performed surgical procedure. When implant displacement occurs, the displaced foreign body has to be removed in order to avoid sinus pathology.
Development and Maintenance of a Biospecimen Repository for Clinical Samples Derived from Pulmonary Patients
Authors: Schwiebert Lisa M. , Estell Kim , Meadows Tonja , Thannickal Victor J. , Rowe Steven , Sorscher Eric J. , Harris W. Thomas , Gaggar Amit , Dransfield Mark , de Andrade Joao A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Pulmonary Biospecimen Repository (PBR) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) was launched in 2009. The purpose of the UAB PBR is to provide investigators within the pulmonary community at UAB and elsewhere with clinical samples derived from multiple lung diseases, including transplant recipients, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. Cell and fluid samples isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), plasma, and serum are collected and stored; samples are assessed routinely for viability. Each sample is linked directly with the respective patient information via the Pulmonary Translational Research and Clinical Database, a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant database that includes detailed information allowing for the study of specific patient cohorts. To access samples, investigators must complete a request form, which is reviewed by the UAB PBR Steering Committee. To date, more than 800 patients have provided approximately 7,000 BAL, serum and plasma fluid, and cell samples. Over the past 4 years, nearly 800 of these samples have been distributed to investigators at UAB and elsewhere. Future plans for the UAB PBR include expanding sample collection to additional pulmonary diseases, such as mycobacterial infections, increasing the number of sample users and obtaining external funding to ensure its continued sustainability.
Psoriasis predisposition and occupational triggering factors in the appraisal of occupational medical expertises
Authors: Mahler Vera , Diepgen Thomas , Skudlik Christoph , Becker Detlef , Dickel Heinrich , Fartasch Manige , Geier Johannes , Häberle Michael , Hillen Uwe , Krohn Steffen , John Swen Malte , Weisshaar Elke , Werfel Thomas , Zagrodnik Fred 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated disease with a genetic background. Local psoriatic changes can be triggered by exogenous mechanical or irritant factors. Causative occupational factors have to be distinguished from the spontaneous course of psoriasis in occupational medical evaluations. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the medico‐legal grounds for a homogenous assessment.Patients and methodsThe presented recommendations were developed in a working group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) and the German contact dermatitis group (DKG) of the German Dermatologic Society (DDG) based on the German medico‐legal framework.ResultsCausality between the insured activity and the appearance of psoriasis is a prerequisite for the recognition of the occupational nature of the disease. This is the case if the occupational activity is the exclusive or a legally essential contributing factor either for first manifestation or aggravation of the disease. A connection must be denied if everyday events are sufficient to trigger the psoriasis. From 1995 to 2010, 130 cases of psoriasis have been recognized as occupationally related by the German statutory accident insurance.ConclusionsThe appraisal of psoriatic disease in the occupational medical evaluation is subject to the case assessment of the expert witness. In this position paper we present recommendations for a homologous basis for diagnosis, causality assessment, estimation of reduction in earning capacity and rehabilitation of occupational psoriasis.
Psoriasis als anlagebedingte Erkrankung in der berufsdermatologischen Beurteilung
Authors: Mahler Vera , Diepgen Thomas , Skudlik Christoph , Becker Detlef , Dickel Heinrich , Fartasch Manige , Geier Johannes , Häberle Michael , Hillen Uwe , Krohn Steffen , John Swen Malte , Weisshaar Elke , Werfel Thomas , Zagrodnik Fred 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Psoriasis ist eine anlagebedingte Erkrankung. Krankheitsschübe können durch exogene mechanische oder irritative Reize ausgelöst werden. Bei der berufsdermatologischen Behandlung/Begutachtung muss differenziert werden, ob die berufliche Tätigkeit mit der Erkrankung in ursächlichem Zusammenhang steht oder ob der Spontanverlauf der Psoriasis im Vordergrund steht. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, die sozialrechtlich bedingten Grundlagen für eine einheitliche Beurteilung darzustellen.Patienten und MethodikUnter Kenntnis der bestehenden Begutachtungsempfehlungen und Rechtsprechung wurden Empfehlungen zur Begutachtung von Patienten mit Psoriasis und arbeitsbedingten Einflüssen in einer Arbeitsgruppe der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Berufs‐ und Umweltdermatologie (ABD) und der Deutschen Kontaktallergie‐Gruppe (DKG) in der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) entwickelt.ErgebnisseVoraussetzung für eine Berufskrankheit ist, dass zwischen versicherter Tätigkeit und Hautkrankheit ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang (im Sinne der Entstehung oder der Verschlimmerung) besteht. Dies ist der Fall, wenn die berufliche Tätigkeit die alleinige oder eine rechtlich wesentlich mitwirkende Bedingung für die Erkrankung darstellt. Ein rechtlich wesentlicher Ursachenzusammenhang ist zu verneinen, wenn für die Auslösung der Krankheitserscheinungen gewöhnliche Belastungen des täglichen Lebens ausreichen (Gelegenheitsursache). 1995–2010 wurden 130 Psoriasisfälle von den Unfallversicherungsträgern als berufsbedingt anerkannt.SchlussfolgerungenBei der berufsdermatologischen Begutachtung von Psoriasiserkrankungen handelt es sich um eine Einzelfallbeurteilung durch den Gutachter. Im vorliegenden Positionspapier werden Empfehlungen zur einheitlichen Beurteilungsgrund­lage im Hinblick auf Diagnosesicherung, Beurteilung arbeitsbedingter Verursachung/Verschlimmerung der Psoriasis, MdE‐Schätzung und rehabilitative Leistungen vorgestellt.
Die Kombinationstherapie infantiler Hämangiome mit gepulstem Farbstofflaser und Nd:YAG‐Laser ist wirksam und sicher
Authors: Kaune Kjell M. , Lauerer Peter , Kietz Silke , Eich Christoph , Thoms Kai‐Martin , Schön Michael P. , Zutt Markus 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundInfantile Hämangiome (IH) können zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen wie Obstruktion, Ulzeration oder Herzinsuffizienz fhren. Daher ist bei bestimmten Problemlokalisationen oder bei ausbleibender Regression eine rechtzeitige und suffiziente Therapie notwendig. Da systemische Therapien wie der β‐Blocker Propranolol oder orale Kortikosteroide in seltenen Fällen ernstzunehmende Nebenwirkungen haben können, sind gut wirksame und verträgliche Lokaltherapien als Ergänzung oder Alternative wnschenswert.Patienten und MethodikIm Rahmen einer interdisziplinären retrospektiven Studie wurden 38 Kinder mit insgesamt 77 IH mit dem gepulsten Farbstofflaser (PDL) (595 nm) und Nd:YAG‐Laser (1 064 nm) behandelt. Der Therapieerfolg und die Nebenwirkungen wurden sowohl anhand objektiver Parameter wie sonographisch bestimmter Tiefenausdehnung als auch subjektiv von den Eltern der Kinder bewertet.ErgebnisseAlle 77 behandelten IH sprachen auf die Therapie an, wobei 52,8% nach Therapieabschluss abgeheilt waren und 47,2% nur noch eine minimale Restgröfle aufwiesen. Der Behandlungserfolg wurde von den Eltern in 92,6% als sehr gut oder gut bewertet. Als Hauptnebenwirkung trat in 45,9% eine transiente Blasenbildung auf.SchlussfolgerungenDie Kombinationsbehandlung mit PDL und Nd:YAG‐Laser ist eine wirksame und nebenwirkungsarme lokale Therapie gegen IH.
Dermatoskopie amelanotischer und hypomelanotischer Melanome
Authors: Stojkovic‐Filipovic Jelena , Kittler Harald 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungDas amelanotische Melanom ist ein nichtpigmentierter Subtyp des kutanen Melanoms. Seine klinische Diagnose stellt eine Herausforderung dar, weil es eine Vielzahl anderer Hautkrankheiten wie gutartige oder maligne melanozytäre und nichtmelanozytäre Tumoren sowie entzndliche Hauterkrankungen imitieren kann. Wie bei den diagnostischen Fortschritten bei pigmentierten Läsionen, könnte die Dermatoskopie den Kliniker auch bei der Diagnose der nichtpigmentierten Hauttumoren im Allgemeinen und den amelanotischen Melanomen im Besonderen untersttzen. Wir haben eine Literatursuche durchgefhrt, um die wichtigsten dermatoskopischen Kriterien bei der Begutachtung amelanotischer und hypomelanotischer Melanome herauszufiltern. Darber hinaus stellen wir acht konsekutive Fälle vor und diskutieren deren klinische und dermatoskopische Charakteristika vor dem Hintergrund der publizierten Daten.