bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Should Ensemble Spread Match the RMSE of the Ensemble Mean?
Authors: Fortin V. , Abaza M. , Anctil F. , Turcotte R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
When evaluating the reliability of an ensemble prediction system, it is common to compare the root-mean-square error of the ensemble mean to the average ensemble spread. While this is indeed good practice, two different and inconsistent methodologies have been used over the last few years in the meteorology and hydrology literature to compute the average ensemble spread. In some cases, the square root of average ensemble variance is used, and in other cases, the average of ensemble standard deviation is computed instead. The second option is incorrect. To avoid the perpetuation of practices that are not supported by probability theory, the correct equation for computing the average ensemble spread is obtained and the impact of using the wrong equation is illustrated.
An Advanced Radiosonde System for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Divya U. S. , Girija J. , Satyanarayana S. , Zachariah John P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) has developed a new GPS radiosonde, called Pisharoty sonde, with its ground station for atmospheric research and operational meteorology. The latest version of this radiosonde weighs 125 g and uses a bead thermistor, a capacitive humidity sensor, and a GPS receiver module. It computes geopotential heights and pressures using the temperature and GPS altitude profile. This paper describes the radiosonde and its associated ground system, summarizes its different versions, and discusses balloon tests of the newly developed version, including comparisons with internationally accepted high-quality radiosondes.
Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: A population study
Authors: Ashina Sait , Bendtsen Lars , Lyngberg Ann C , Lipton Richard B , Hajiyeva Nazrin , Jensen Rigmor 
Published: May 2014

Background We assessed the prevalence of neck pain in the population in relation to headache. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a total of 797 individuals completed a headache interview and provided self-reported data on neck pain. We identified migraine, TTH or both migraine and TTH (M+TTH) groups. Pericranial tenderness was recorded in 496 individuals. A total tenderness score (TTS) was calculated as the sum of local scores with a maximum score of 48. Results The one-year prevalence of neck pain was 68.4% and higher in those with vs. without primary headache (85.7% vs. 56.7%; adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0–4.4, p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender, education and poor self-rated health, in comparison with those without headaches, the prevalence of neck pain (56.7%) was significantly higher in those with M+TTH (89.3%), pure TTH (88.4%) and pure migraine (76.2%) ( p < 0.05 for all three group comparisons). Individuals with neck pain had higher TTS than individuals without neck pain (15.1 ± 10.5 vs. 8.4 ± 8.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions Neck pain is highly prevalent in the general population and even more prevalent in individuals with primary headaches. Prevalence is highest in coexistent M+TTH, followed by pure TTH and migraine. Myofascial tenderness is significantly increased in individuals with neck pain.
Effect of the Interposition of Calcium Phosphate Materials on Tendon-Bone Healing During Repair of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Zhao Song , Peng Lingjie , Xie Guoming , Li Dingfeng , Zhao Jinzhong , Ning Congqin 
Published: May 2014

Background: The current nature of tendon-bone healing after rotator cuff (RC) repair is still the formation of granulation tissue at the tendon-bone interface rather than the formation of fibrocartilage, which is the crucial structure in native tendon insertion and can be observed after knee ligament reconstruction. The interposition of calcium phosphate materials has been found to be able to enhance tendon-bone healing in knee ligament reconstruction. However, whether the interposition of these kinds of materials can enhance tendon-bone healing or even change the current nature of tendon-bone healing after RC repair still needs to be explored. Hypothesis: The interposition of calcium phosphate materials during RC repair would enhance tendon-bone healing or change its current nature of granulation tissue formation into a more favorable process. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 144 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral detachment of the supraspinatus tendon, followed by delayed repair after 3 weeks. The animals were allocated into 1 of 3 groups: (1) repair alone, (2) repair with Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 (CPS) bioceramic interposition, or (3) repair with hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic interposition at the tendon-bone interface. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, or 8 weeks postoperatively, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to quantify the new bone formation at the repair site. New fibrocartilage formation and collagen organization at the tendon-bone interface was evaluated by histomorphometric analysis. Biomechanical testing of the supraspinatus tendon-bone complex was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way analysis of variance. Significance was set at P < .05. Results: The micro-CT analysis demonstrated remarkable osteogenic activity and osteoconductivity to promote new bone formation and ingrowth of CPS and HA bioceramic, with CPS bioceramic showing better results than HA. Histological observations indicated that CPS bioceramic had excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. At early time points after the RC repair, CPS bioceramic significantly increased the area of fibrocartilage at the tendon-bone interface compared with the control and HA groups. Moreover, CPS and HA bioceramics had significantly improved collagen organization. Biomechanical tests indicated that the CPS and HA groups have greater ultimate load to failure and stiffness than the control group at 4 and 8 weeks, and the CPS specimens exhibited the maximum ultimate load to failure, stiffness, and stress of the healing enthesis. Conclusion: Both CPS and HA bioceramics aid in cell attachment and proliferation and accelerate new bone formation, and CPS bioceramic has a more prominent effect on tendon-to-bone healing. Clinical Relevance: Local application of CPS and HA bioceramic at the tendon-bone interface shows promise in improving healing after rotator cuff tear repair.
Soft tissue augmentation with PMMA-microspheres for the treatment of HIV-associated buttock lipodystrophy
Authors: Serra Marcio Soares , Gonçalves Leonardo Zacharias , Ramos-e-Silva Marcia 
Published: May 2014

Summary Progression of lipodystrophy syndrome is a big challenge in HIV treatment. Nowadays, fat loss at the lower part of buttocks has become another problem as patients have started to complain that it is painful to be seated for a long time and/or on hard surfaces. We developed a method for buttock lipoatrophy treatment with PMMA-microspheres, as silicone prostheses and autologous fat transplant were not completely efficient. The treatment consisted of net-crossed injections, in the subcutaneous layer, of a 30% PMMA-microspheres solution on the atrophic areas of the buttock. One hundred and fifty-four patients were included. The amount of PMMA-microspheres used to treat buttock lipoatrophy depended on the degree of atrophy and size of the area to be treated. Patients were satisfied with this treatment and reported to be more comfortable to be seated for longer period of time. We demonstrated that soft tissue augmentation with PMMA-microspheres is safe and efficient for the treatment of buttock lipoatrophy associated with HIV lipodystrophy.
Accuracy Evaluation of Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems in Children on Overnight Closed-Loop Control
Authors: DeSalvo Daniel J. , Shanmugham Satya , Ly Trang T. , Wilson Darrell M. , Buckingham Bruce A. 
Published: May 2014

Objective: This pilot study evaluated the difference in accuracy between the Bayer Contour® Next (CN) and HemoCue® (HC) glucose monitoring systems in children with type 1 diabetes participating in overnight closed-loop studies. Research Design and Methods: Subjects aged 10-18 years old were admitted to a clinical research center and glucose values were obtained every 30 minutes overnight. Glucose values were measured using whole blood samples for CN and HC readings and results were compared to Yellow Springs Instrument (YSI) reference values obtained with plasma from the same sample. System accuracy was compared using mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) accuracy standards. Results: A total of 28 subjects were enrolled in the study. Glucose measurements were evaluated at 457 time points. CN performed better than HC with an average MARD of 3.13% compared to 10.73% for HC ( P < .001). With a limited sample size, CN met ISO criteria (2003 and 2013) at all glucose ranges while HC did not. Conclusions: CN performed very well, and would make an excellent meter for future closed-loop studies outside of a research center.
Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Skin Blood Flow and Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Johnson Paula K. , Feland J. Brent , Johnson A. Wayne , Mack Gary W. , Mitchell Ulrike H. 
Published: May 2014

Background: Vascular dysfunction due to hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes is a factor contributing to distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). Reactive oxygen species reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator, resulting in reduced circulation and nerve ischemia. Increases in blood NO concentrations and circulation have been attributed to whole body vibration (WBV). The purpose of this study was to the determine the effects of low-frequency, low-amplitude WBV on whole blood NO concentrations and skin blood flow (SBF) in individuals with symptoms of DSPN. Methods: Ten patients with diabetes and impaired sensory perception in the lower limbs participated in this crossover study. Each submitted to 2 treatment conditions, WBV and sham, with a 1-week washout period between. Blood draws for NO analysis and laser Doppler imager scans of SBF were performed before, immediately after, and following a 5-minute recovery of each of the treatments. Results: Low-frequency, low-amplitude WBV significantly increased SBF compared to the sham condition (F2,18 = 5.82, P = .0115). Whole blood NO concentrations did not differ between the WBV and sham conditions immediately or 5 minutes after treatment (F2,18 = 1.88, P = .1813). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that patients with diabetes respond to WBV with increased SBF compared to the sham condition. The implication is that WBV is a potential nonpharmacological therapy for neurovascular complications of diabetes.
Hexagonal core-shell and alloy Au/Ag nanodisks on ZnO nanorods and their optical enhancement effect
Authors: Zhang Junming , Lai Boya , Chen Zuxin , Chu Sheng , Chu Guang , Peng Rufang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Au and Ag hybrid hexagonal nanodisks were synthesized on ZnO nanorods' (0002) surface via a new two-step deposition-annealing method. The structural, compositional, as well as optical investigations were carried out systematically to find out the nanodisks' formation mechanism and optical enhancement effect. It was shown that the core-shell Au/Ag nanodisk can be formed under rapid annealing temperature of 500°C, while Au/Ag alloy nanodisks are formed if higher temperatures (>550°C) are applied. The optical effect from these nanodisks was studied through photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the carrier-plasmon coupling together and carrier transfer between metal and ZnO contribute to the emission enhancement. Furthermore, the results suggest that the composition of nanodisk on the vicinity of metal/ZnO interface plays an important role in terms of the enhancement factors.
Earthworm coelomocytes as nanoscavenger of ZnO NPs
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Kushwah Tanuja , Yadav Shweta 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Earthworms can ‘biotransform’ or ‘biodegrade’ chemical contaminants, rendering them harmless in their bodies, and can bioaccumulate them in their tissues. They ‘absorb’ the dissolved chemicals through their moist ‘body wall’ due to the interstitial water and also ingest by ‘mouth’ while soil passes through the gut. Since the advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental sink has been continuously receiving engineered nanomaterials as well as their derivatives. Our current understanding of the potential impact of nanomaterials and their natural scavenger is limited. In the present investigation, we studied the cellular uptake of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by coelomocytes especially by chloragocytes of Eisenia fetida and their role as nanoscavenger. Results from exposure to 100- and 50-nm ZnO NPs indicate that coelomocytes of the earthworm E. fetida show no significant DNA damage at a dose lower than 3 mg/l and have the potential ability to uptake ZnO NPs from the soil ecosystem and transform them into microparticles.
Implementing a multifaceted tailored intervention to improve nutrition adequacy in critically ill patients: results of a multicenter feasibility study
Authors: Cahill Naomi E , Murch Lauren , Cook Deborah , Heyland Daren K 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Tailoring interventions to address identified barriers to change may be an effective strategy to implement guidelines and improve practice. However, there is inadequate data to inform the optimal method or level of tailoring. Consequently, we conducted the PERFormance Enhancement of the Canadian nutrition guidelines by a Tailored Implementation Strategy (PERFECTIS) study to determine the feasibility of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary, tailored intervention aimed at improving adherence to critical care nutrition guidelines for the provision of enteral nutrition.

Methods
A before-after study was conducted in seven ICUs from five hospitals in North America. During a 3-month pre-implementation phase, each ICU completed a nutrition practice audit to identify guideline-practice gaps and a barriers assessment to identify obstacles to practice change. During a one day meeting, the results of the audit and barriers assessment were reviewed and used to develop a site-specific tailored action plan. The tailored action plan was then implemented over a 12-month period that included bi-monthly progress meetings. Compliance with the tailored action plan was determined by the proportion of items in the action plan that was completely implemented. We examined acceptability of the intervention through staff responses to an evaluation questionnaire. In addition, the nutrition practice audit and barriers survey were repeated at the end of the implementation phase to determine changes in barriers and nutrition practices.

Results
All five sites successfully completed all aspects of the study. However, their ability to fully implement all of their developed action plans varied from 14% to 75% compliance. Nurses, on average, rated the study-related activities and resources as ‘somewhat useful’ and a third of respondents ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that their nutrition practice had changed as a result of the intervention. We observed a statistically significant 10% (Site range -4.3% to -26.0%) decrease in overall barriers score, and a non-significant 6% (Site range -1.5% to 17.9%) and 4% (-8.3% to 18.2%) increase in the adequacy of total nutrition from calories and protein, respectively.

Conclusions
The multifaceted tailored intervention appears to be feasible but further refinement is warranted prior to testing the effectiveness of the approach on a larger scale.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT01168128. Registered 21 July 2010.
Oyama and Anxieties About the Feminization of Japanese Film
Authors: Reichert James 
Published: May 2014

“Oyama and Anxieties about the Feminization of Japanese Film” offers an alternative perspective on the gender politics behind the switch from oyama, or male actors specializing in female roles, to actresses in early Japanese film. To date, most treatments of this issue have operated under the assumption that in one way or another the decision to abandon the use of oyama arose out of perceptions that the male actors failed to fully and/or realistically evoke femininity on the screen. In short, there has been a general agreement that dissatisfaction with the oyama derived from a sense that their performance was deficiently feminine. Although not denying the relevance of this consensus view, my article explores the issue from a different angle. I consider how criticism of the oyama was often expressed in terms that highlighted the excess of femininity that was thought to accrue around these female impersonators. Taking a cue from the work of feminist film historian Miriam Hansen, my study devotes particular attention to how opponents of the oyama often linked their criticism of the practice with disapproving commentary on the troublesome impact that the female fans of the actors purportedly had on Japanese film. It was widely assumed among these critics that oyama, particularly the popular actor Tachibana Teijirô, served as the focal point for a community of female moviegoers who took excessive pleasure in the sentimental melodramas that were the specialty of these performers. More disturbing still was the apprehension that the female fans of oyama exhibited an overwrought fixation on their favorite stars that transgressed the bounds of womanly propriety. In short, it was judged that this community of fans, egged on by unscrupulous studios that supplied them with vehicles starring their oyama idols, embraced a feminine sensibility that threatened to derail attempts to elevate Japanese film culture.
The article begins with an examination of positive treatments of oyama to get a sense of how the personae of these performers were constructed in commercial movie magazines and received by fans. The second half of the article focuses on the way that reformers and fans critical of the practice couched their objections in terms that highlighted the undesirable nature of the distinctive feminine sensibility attributed to oyama, their melodramatic vehicles, and their vocal female fan base.
Past use of and current satisfaction with a nurse-led hospital cardiac helpline
Authors: McEwen Andy , Billings Lis 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: To review the use of a nurse-led cardiac helpline since its inception, and to assess the current satisfaction of recent callers to the helpline. Design and setting: The study took place in a cardiac unit that provides a service to an inner-city London population, but is also a tertiary centre providing highly specialized services to a wider population. Call records to the cardiac helpline between 1996 and 2004 (n=8429) were analysed. Additionally, a postal satisfaction survey was sent to the last 100 callers to the helpline in 2005 (response rate=79%). Results: At its peak the cardiac helpline was called on average more than four times a day, but was still called at least once a day in 2004. Over half (54%) of calls were about a physical complaint and 15% concerned medication. In more than one-quarter (29%) of cases the caller was advised to contact his/her GP and 8% were directed to attend accident and emergency (A&E). Surveyed callers to the cardiac helpline were highly satisfied with the service and 39% of respondents said that without the helpline they would have visited their GP while 29% would have attended A&E. Conclusions: This hospital-based, nurse-led cardiac helpline achieved a high degree of satisfaction with callers and offers patients an instant access alternative to consulting with their GP or attending their local A&E department.
Supervision for health visitors dealing with sexual abuse
Authors: Scott Linda 
Published: May 2014

Child sexual abuse is a complex health issue. This study sought the views of health visitors involved in this work. In addition to focussing on the needs of children through child protection responsibilities, some health visitors worked with adults in attempting to resolve the sadnesses of child sexual abuse. The literature provided an evidence base to the concept of an ‘unseen’ loss of childhood protection and of the health visitors who worked to aid resolution, bereavement counselling principles appeared to provide an effective approach. Health visitor inhibitions were identified and for some health visitors, personal life had altered as a result of the work. The need for a confidante was identified to support practitioners affected by the work. Supervision was considered to offer a necessary structure and accountability for the exploration of complex health issues.
A guideline for managing medication related dysphagia
Authors: Griffith Richard , Tengnah Cassam 
Published: May 2014

Difficulty swallowing medicines affects about a quarter of people seen by health professionals in primary care yet the issue is rarely discussed with patients and often poorly managed. In response to the problems district nurses encounter in patients who have difficulties swallowing their medication Connect Medical have published a consensus guideline outlining best practice in managing the problem. In this article Richard Griffith and Cassam Tengnah describe how the guideline will assist medication management and protect district nurses from liability when treating patients with medication related dysphagia.
Activity promotion for community-dwelling older people: a survey of the contribution of primary care nurses
Authors: Goodman Claire , Davies Susan L , Dinan Susie , Tai Sharon See , Iliffe Steve 
Published: May 2014

Study aims: To discover the current level of nurse-led involvement in activity promotion for older people in primary care and to explore the knowledge and attitudes of primary care nurses about health benefits of activity promotion for older people. Background: The importance of improving and maintaining activity levels in later life is well established. However, intervention studies show that the uptake of and adherence to physical activity programmes by older people are highly variable. The optimal approach to activity promotion for older people is not well understood. Although many activity promotion schemes and evaluations assume that specialist exercise trainers are needed, it remains unclear who is best placed to facilitate activity promotion for older people, and if this is something in which existing primary care practitioners (specifically nurses) could and should take a leading role. Methods: This study surveyed all nurses and health visitors working in five primary care organizations in an inner city area. A semi-structured postal questionnaire asked about their knowledge and attitudes to the benefits of exercise in later life, their current levels of involvement in promoting physical activity with older people, and their personal activity levels. Findings: The overall response rate was 54% (n=521). The responses of 391 district nurses and practice nurses are presented here. Nurses had the commitment and (depending on the focus of their work) different opportunities to promote physical activity with older patients. There were organizational and individual constraints on their ability to be involved in this aspect of health promotion work themselves, or to refer older people to local activity promotion schemes. Nurses did not have a structured approach when promoting physical activity with older people and had only a partial awareness of the limitations of their knowledge or skills when promoting activity with older people. Conclusions: For promotion of physical activity by older people to be meaningfully incorporated into primary care nursing work there is a need to develop a more strategic approach that can optimize the opportunities and interest of primary care nurses and develop the knowledge and skills of the workforce in this area of nursing work.