bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Pathology: A Clinical Role?
Authors: Corre Jill , Hébraud Benjamin , Bourin Philippe 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor β family discovered in a broad range of cells, as indicated by the diversity of its nomenclature. However, the only tissue that expresses a high amount of GDF15 in the physiologic state is placenta. GDF15 is easily detected in blood, and its concentration varies with age. In fact, increased blood concentration of GDF15 is associated with numerous pathological conditions. However, the biological significance underlying these observations is far from clear. GDF15 could have a positive or negative role depending on the state of cells or their environment. Furthermore, study of its biology is hampered by lack of knowledge of its receptor and thus the signaling pathways that drive its action. GDF15 seems to be an integrative signal in pathologic conditions, giving information on severity of disease. Its effectiveness in classifying patients to modulate treatment remains to be shown. Development of therapeutic interventions with GDF15 or anti-GDF15 agents remains difficult until we uncover the mechanism that drives its activity.
Concise Review: Can the Intrinsic Power of Branching Morphogenesis Be Used for Engineering Epithelial Tissues and Organs?
Authors: Nigam Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBranching morphogenesis is critical to the development of organs such as kidney, lung, mammary gland, prostate, pancreas, and salivary gland. Essentially, an epithelial bud becomes an iterative tip-stalk generator (ITSG) able to form a tree of branching ducts and/or tubules. In different organs, branching morphogenesis is governed by similar sets of genes. Epithelial branching has been recapitulated in vitro (or ex vivo) using three-dimensional cell culture and partial organ culture systems, and several such systems relevant to kidney tissue engineering are discussed here. By adapting systems like these it may be possible to harness the power inherent in the ITSG program to propagate and engineer epithelial tissues and organs. It is also possible to conceive of a universal ITSG capable of propagation that may, by recombination with organ-specific mesenchymal cells, be used for engineering many organ-like tissues similar to the organ from which the mesenchyme cells were derived, or toward which they are differentiated (from stem cells). The three-dimensional (3D) branched epithelial structure could act as a dynamic branching cellular scaffold to establish the architecture for the rest of the tissue. Another strategy—that of recombining propagated organ-specific ITSGs in 3D culture with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells—is also worth exploring. If feasible, such engineered tissues may be useful for the ex vivo study of drug toxicity, developmental biology, and physiology in the laboratory. Over the long term, they have potential clinical applications in the general fields of transplantation, regenerative medicine, and bioartificial medical devices to aid in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other diseases.
Rocket‐and‐wire triggered lightning in 2012 tropical storm Debby in the absence of natural lightning
Authors: Pilkey J. T. , Uman M. A. , Hill J. D. , Ngin T. , Gamerota W. R. , Jordan D. M. , Rison W. , Krehbiel P. R. , Edens H. E. , Biggerstaff M. I. , Hyland P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLightning Mapping Array source locations, channel base currents, and electric field waveforms are presented for a lightning flash triggered in the rainbands of 2012 tropical storm Debby. The National Lightning Detection Network reported no natural cloud‐to‐ground discharges within 60 km of the North Florida triggering site for at least 20 h before and 8 h after the triggered flash. Additionally, local electric field mill and wideband antenna networks show no close cloud or cloud‐to‐ground flashes. The triggering rocket was launched with negative charge overhead producing an electric field at the ground of 5 kV m−1 and in coordination with X‐band, dual‐polarimetric radar observations of streamers of enhanced precipitation descending from the melting level as they approached the site. The Debby flash consisted of an initial stage (IS) followed by eleven leader/return stroke sequences. The flash exhibited all the processes of normal triggered and natural cloud‐to‐ground lightning: leader/return stroke sequences, continuing currents, K events, and M components. Additionally, the flash exhibited several exceptional characteristics: three return stroke peak currents greater than 25 kA, one very long, 352 ms, continuing current that transferred about 35 C of charge to ground, and a relatively short, 202 ms, IS containing no initial continuous current pulses. Following a near‐vertical upward positive leader attaining 2.8 km height, the IS branched and propagated horizontally at 3.5 km altitude. The flash, exhibiting strokes and continuing current, then ascended to and propagated horizontally at 5.5 km, extending about 25 km south and 15 km east. The 0°C level was near 4.5 km above sea level. It follows from the above that clouds that are not producing natural lightning can represent a triggered lightning hazard to launch vehicles and aircraft.
Enantioselective Biooxidation of Racemic trans‐Cyclic Vicinal Diols: One‐Pot Synthesis of Both Enantiopure (S,S)‐Cyclic Vicinal Diols and (R)‐α‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Xu Tingting , Li Zhi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHighly regio‐ and enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenases BDHA (2,3‐butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis BGSC1A1), CDDHPm (cyclic diol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas medocina TA5), and CDDHRh (cyclic diol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. Moj‐3449) were discovered for the oxidation of racemic trans‐cyclic vicinal diols. Recombinant Escherichia coli expressing BDHA was engineered as an efficient whole‐cell biocatalyst for the oxidation of (±)‐1,2‐cyclopentanediol, 1,2‐cyclohexanediol, 1,2‐cycloheptane‐diol, and 1,2‐cyclooctanediol, respectively, to give the corresponding (R)‐α‐hydroxy ketones in >99% ee and (S,S)‐cyclic diols in >99% ee at 50% conversion in one pot. Escherichia coli (BDHA‐LDH) co‐expressing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for intracellular regeneration of NAD+ catalyzed the regio‐ and enantioselective oxidation of (±)‐1,2‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene to produce the corresponding (R)‐α‐hydroxy ketone in >99% ee and (S,S)‐cyclic diol in 96% ee at 49% conversion. Preparative biotransformations were also demonstrated. Thus, a novel and useful method for the one‐pot synthesis of both vicinal diols and α‐hydroxy ketones in high ee was developed via highly regio‐ and enantioselective oxidations of the racemic vicinal diols.magnified image
Distant pseudomeningoceles of the ventral skull base: a report of 2 cases
Authors: Lieberman Seth M. , Ojo Rosemary B. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe objective of this case series was to report what is to the best of our knowledge the first reports of nasopharyngeal and soft palate pseudomeningoceles tracking submucosally from the sphenoid sinus.MethodsAnalysis of cases through medical records.ResultsTwo cases of middle‐aged male patients presented to our tertiary care university teaching hospital for recurrent meningitis and a history of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Both were found to have pseudomeningoceles distant from the sphenoid sinus. One was tracking to the mucosa of the Eustachian tube, and the other to the dorsum of the soft palate. Both were found to be tracking submucosally from the sphenoid sinus, to the vidian canal, to the lateral nasopharyngeal wall, to their respective locations at the Eustachian tube and dorsum of the soft palate. CSF closure was performed with a transnasal endoscopic repair using the pedicled nasoseptal flap for 1 patient and Alloderm for the other, both with successful cessation of CSF rhinorrhea.ConclusionWe present these cases of distant spontaneous CSF leaks. We review the literature and discuss case management.
Constitutive expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) gene family ligand and receptors on human upper and lower airway epithelial cells
Authors: Lee Hyun Sil , Kim Jean 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundWe previously reported that vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is abundantly expressed by primary human nasal epithelial cells (PNECs) and functions to promote cell hyperplasia in polyposis. Therefore, we aimed to examine the full expression profile of other members of the VEGF gene family of ligands and receptors, which may play a role in cell growth and the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).MethodsMessenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of VEGF genes, receptors, and co‐receptors was examined from cultured PNECs (n = 4) and compared to that from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs; n = 4) and the BEAS2B cell line (n = 4) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry.ResultsWe report abundant expression of VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGFC, detected by mRNA and flow cytometric analysis on PNECs. We herein report the novel finding that there is significant expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and both neuropilin co‐receptors, NP1 and NP2, at baseline conditions on PNECs. Lower airway PBECs and BEAS2B cells displayed similar patterns of expression.ConclusionPNECs express high constitutive levels of the VEGF gene family homolog of ligands and receptors. Expression of multiple VEGF ligand‐receptor combinations may function as redundant pathways to promote upper and lower airway epithelial cell growth during inflammation.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes and Imines by Using Carbon Nanofiber‐Supported Iridium Nanoparticles
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Taguchi Masahiro , Desmira Nelfa , Yoon Seong‐Ho , Mochida Isao , Nagashima Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reaction of three types of carbon nanofibers (CNFs; platelet: CNF‐P, tubular: CNF‐T, herringbone: CNF‐H) with Ir4(CO)12 in mesitylene at 165 °C provided the corresponding CNF‐supported iridium nanoparticles, Ir/CNFs (Ir content=2.3–2.6 wt. %). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of these Ir/CNF samples revealed that size‐controlled Ir nanoparticles (average particle size of 1.1–1.5 nm) existed on the CNFs. Among the three Ir/CNF samples, Ir/CNF‐T showed an excellent catalytic activity and chemoselectivity towards hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes and imines; the corresponding aniline derivatives were obtained with high turnover numbers at ambient temperature under 10 atm of H2, and the catalyst is reusable. Ir/CNF‐T was also effective for the reductive N‐alkylation of anilines with carbonyl compounds.
Chemoenzymatic Routes to Polyoxygenated Cyclooctenones Related to the Eastern Hemisphere of the Macrolactam Tripartilactam
Authors: Vo Yen , Banwell Martin G. , Willis Anthony C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolyoxygenated cyclooctenones closely related to the enantiomeric form of the Eastern hemisphere of the structurally and biogenetically unusual macrolactam tripartilactam have been assembled from an enzymatically‐derived and homochiral cis‐1,2‐dihydrocatechol. Key steps include the oxidative cleavage of the chlorinated double bond within a derivative of the starting cis‐1,2‐dihydrocatechol and a ring‐closing metathesis reaction to establish the required eight‐membered ring.
Oricrete
Authors: van der Woerd Jan Dirk , Chudoba Rostislav , Scholzen Alexander , Hegger Josef 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer vorliegende Aufsatz stellt ein Konzept für den Entwurf und die Herstellung von gefalteten schalenförmigen Tragstrukturen aus zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoffen vor, das in Anlehnung an die japanische Papierfaltkunst Origami entwickelt wurde. Die räumlichen Tragstrukturen werden durch Faltung von ebenen Elementen mit vorgegebenen Faltlinien hergestellt. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Entwurfs‐ und Herstellmethodik für dünnwandige Faltwerke mit einfachen oder doppelt gekrümmten Geometrien, die als segmentierbare Hüll‐ und Konstruktionselemente mit optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden können.Wegen der hohen Variabilität der Formen und der großen Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden der Faltstrukturen ist eine Unterstützung mit numerischer Simulation in allen Phasen des Entwurfs und der Herstellung unabdingbar. Gegenüber der traditionellen Herstellung von Schalentragwerken mithilfe aufwendiger gekrümmter Schalungen verspricht die Methodik ein hohes Potenzial an Wirtschaftlichkeit. Insbesondere durch die Verwendung von modernen, zementbasierten Verbundwerkstoffen werden durch das Konzept neue Anwendungsfelder erschlossen, die sich durch geringen Materialverbrauch, einen hohen Ausnutzungsgrad des Werkstoffs sowie eine einfache systematische Herstellung auszeichnen.Oricrete – design and manufacturing methodology for folded plate structures made of novel cementitious compositesThe present paper shows an approach for the design and production of folded plate structures made out of novel cementious composite materials. The idea of the approach is derived from the Japanese art of paper folding, origami. The spatial structures are obtained by folding of planar elements provided with prescribed crease lines. The aim of the present work is the development of a design and manufacturing method for the production of free‐form structural members with optimized mechanical properties applicable as façade and load bearing segments.Due to the high variability of forms and the large amount of degrees of freedom of the fold patterns, a support by numerical simulation in all phases of design and production is required. The method has a high potential to reduce the production costs compared to traditionally fabricated shell structures with complex curved formworks. New fields of application for cementious composite materials can be entered that are characterized by low material consumption, a high exploitation of the material and a systematic manufacturing process.
Stahlbetonbemessung mit Smartphone und Tablet
Authors: Botzet Patrick , Putke Thomas , Mark Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie Leistungsfähigkeit von Smartphones und Tablet‐PCs wird stetig gesteigert und reicht mittlerweile in Teilen an die einfacher PCs heran. Gleichzeitig nimmt die weltweite Verbreitung mobiler Endgeräte zu, sodass in 2013 erstmals mehr Smartphones als Mobiltelefone verkauft werden. Die Idee, das Potenzial von Smartphones auch für den Bereich des Bauingenieurwesens nutzbar zu machen, führte zur Entwicklung der “Design of Concrete”‐Applikation (DoC‐App). Die Applikation wurde für das Betriebssystem Android programmiert und beinhaltet für Rechteck‐ und Plattenbalkenquerschnitte grundlegende Bemessungsaufgaben im Bereich des Stahlbetonbaus (Nachweis gegen Biege‐, Querkraft‐ und Torsionsversagen, Rissbreitennachweis). Die Nachweise werden nach aktueller Vorschrift DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 mit nationalem Anhang (NAD) geführt. Darüber hinaus ist ein Schnittgrößenrechner für Ein‐ und Zweifeldträger integriert. Das Hauptaugenmerk wurde auf die mobile und intuitive Anwendung gelegt, um zielgerichtet einfache Berechnungen durchführen zu können. Deshalb sind die Ein‐ und Ausgabeinformationen auf das Nötigste beschränkt. Darüber hinaus kann die Anwendung auch als mobiles Tabellenwerk für typische Bemessungsgrundlagen wie Expositionsklassen, Verankerungslängen, Betondeckung und Bewehrungsmengen dienen.Sectional design of reinforced concrete for mobile applicationsThe performance of smartphones and tablet‐PCs grows rapidly. Today, it approximates the one of common desktop PCs. Simultaneously, the worldwide distribution of mobile devices increases daily and consequently in 2013, for the first time, more smartphones than mobile phones will be sold. Having the idea to use this potential in the field of civil engineering, the “Design of Concrete”‐Application (in short DoC‐App) has been developed. At the present time Android dominates the market for operating systems of smartphones. Hence, the application has been developed to run on Android only. It comprises the basic tasks in concrete designing (bending, shear and torsion failure as well as proof of crack width) for rectangular cross sections and T‐beams acc. to DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 (including the national appendix). Furthermore, internal forces of single‐ and double span beams can be calculated automatically. Priority is set on an intuitive and effective handling of the application. Therefore, in‐ and output data are limited to a minimum of information. In addition, the application can also be used as a mobile base of usual chart data like for exposure classes, anchoring lengths, concrete covers or amounts of reinforcement.
A rapid and sensitive UPLC‐MS/MS method for quantification of two caffeoylquinic acids and four main active components in rat plasma after an intravenous administration of Qingkailing injection and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Peng Long , Gao Xiaoyan , Song Yuelin , Zhao Longshan , Guo Mingxing , Su Jiankun , Zhang Li , Liu Haiyu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTQingkailing (QKL) injection, a modified modern Chinese medicine preparation, is widely used in the clinic for its significant antipyretic and anti‐inflammatory effects, but its serious adverse drug reactions have attracted more and more attention. Series of caffeoylquinic acids in QKL are widely suspected to be the allergens responsible for these adverse drug reactions. Therefore, pharmacokinetic studies of the caffeoylquinic acids are needed. In this paper, a simple, rapid and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, baicalin, geniposide, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH C18 column by a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min in only 6.0 min. All analytes were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization. The calibration curves of these analytes were all linear (r > 0.9978) over wide concentration ranges. The intra‐ and inter‐ day precisions (relative standard deviations) were within 14.3% and accuracy (relative error) ranged from −6.8 to 4.8%. The mean recoveries ranged from 74.5 to 105.6%. This validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of the six analytes in rats following an intravenous administration of QKL injection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mild Heterogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of β‐O‐4′‐Ether Linkages of Lignin Model Compounds and Native Lignin in Air
Authors: Galkin Maxim V. , Sawadjoon Supaporn , Rohde Volker , Dawange Monali , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA mild and robust heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed CO bond cleavage of 2‐aryloxy‐1‐arylethanols using formic acid as reducing agent in air was developed. The cleaved products were isolated in 92–98 % yield; and by slightly varying the reaction conditions, a ketone, an alcohol, or an alkane can be generated in near‐quantitative yield. This reaction is applicable to cleaving the β‐O‐4′‐ether bond found in lignin polymers of different origin. The reaction was performed on a lignin polymer model to generate either the monomeric aryl ketone or alkane in a quantitative yield. Moderate depolymerization was achieved with native lignin at similar reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies under kinetic control indicate that an initial palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of the alcohol is followed by insertion of palladium to an enol equivalent. A palladium–formato complex reductively cleaves the palladium–enolate complex to generate the ketone.
MenD from Bacillus subtilis: A Potent Catalyst for the Enantiocomplementary Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Westphal Robert , Jansen Sascha , Vogel Constantin , Pleiss Jürgen , Müller Michael , Rother Dörte , Pohl Martina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzyme 2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxy‐3‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylate synthase (MenD) catalyzes a Stetter‐like 1,4‐addition of α‐ketoglutarate to isochorismate in the biosynthesis of menaquinone (vitamin K). Here, we describe the carboligation potential of MenD from Bacillus subtilis (BsMenD) for the nonphysiological 1,2‐addition of decarboxylated α‐ketoglutarate (succinylsemialdehyde) and various benzaldehyde derivatives. Furthermore, we engineer BsMenD variants for the enantiocomplementary asymmetric synthesis of functionalized α‐hydroxy ketones. Wild type BsMenD shows an excellent chemo‐ as well as high (R)‐selectivity for the carboligation of α‐ketoglutarate as the donor, and different benzaldehyde derivatives as acceptor yielding (R)‐α‐hydroxy ketones with up to >99 % ee. By engineering (S)‐selective BsMenD variants, based on the recently developed S‐pocket concept, we provide access to most of the corresponding (S)‐α‐hydroxy ketones with up to 98 % ee. In particular, benzaldehyde and meta‐substituted derivatives were converted with high enantioselectivities (ee of 91–98 % (S)). The significantly higher (S)‐selectivity of BsMenD variants than recently published MenD variants from Escherichia coli, could be attributed to a second‐shell residue next to the S‐pocket. A glycine residue, adjacent to the major S‐pocket residues I476 and F477 (standard numbering), is assumed to result in higher structural flexibility in the S‐pocket region of BsMenD, which in turn could result in improved stabilization of the antiparallel orientation of the acceptor.
Role of Dicarboxylate Linkers in MnIII‐Salicylaldoximate Based Extended Structures: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Mukherjee Sandip , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour new oxo‐centered MnIII‐salicylaldoximate triangle‐based extended complexes [MnIII6O2(salox)6(EtOH)4(phda)]n⋅(saloxH2)n⋅(2H2O)n (1), [MnIII6O2(salox)6(MeOH)5(5‐I‐isoph)]n⋅(3 MeOH)n (2), [MnIII6O2(salox)6(MeOH)4(H2O) (5‐N3‐isoph)]n⋅(4 MeOH)n (3) and [MnIII3NaO(salox)3(MeOH)4(5‐NO2‐isoph)]n⋅(MeOH)n (H2O)n (4) [salox=salicylaldoximate, phda=1,3‐phenylenediacetate, isoph=isophthalate] have been synthesized under similar reaction conditions. Single crystal X‐ray structures show that in 1, only one type of Mn6 cluster is arranged in 1 D, whereas in 2 and 3 there are two types of clusters, differing in the way the triangle units are joined and assembled. In complex 4, however, the basic building structure is heteronuclear and based on Mn3 units extended in 2 D. Susceptibility measurements (dc and ac) over a wide range of temperatures and fields show that the complexes 1, 2, and 3 behave as single molecule magnets (SMMs) with S=4 ground state, while 4 is dominantly antiferromagnetic with a ground spin state S=2. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on model complexes to provide a qualitative theoretical interpretation for their overall magnetic behavior.