bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of a Transnational Advocacy Network: International Election Monitoring in the Philippines, Chile, Nicaragua, and Mexico
Authors: Santa Cruz Arturo 
Published: September 2014

In this paper I question the existence of a global civil
society, suggesting that what we have witnessed in recent
years is the emergence of myriad transnational advocacy
networks (TANs). I illustrate this claim by looking at a
recently novel area in world politics: the international
monitoring of elections (IEM), a practice which I claim has
partially redefined state sovereignty. This paper takes form
as follows. In the first section I present a conceptual
discussion on world civil society and TANS , and suggest an
unexplored way in which emergent norms might be adopted
internationally. In the next four sections I follow the
evolution of the IEM TAN. Thus, the second section deals
with the foundational 1986 Philippine case; the third
section with the 1988 Chilean plebiscite; the fourth with
the 1990 Nicaraguan elections, and the fifth with the 1994
Mexican electoral process. I conclude in the sixth section
by evaluating the usefulness of the path of norm-diffusion,
and by discussing how the practice of non-state actors has
contributed to the redefinition of both state sovereignty
and the international system.
Fatto in Italia: Refashioning Italy
Authors: Ferrero-Regis Tiziana 
Published: September 2014

This article discusses how the Made in Italy brand helped Italy to recover from economic recession in the 1980s, but also how it redefined the country's identity after the traumatic years of terrorism and especially after the murder of the Christian Democratic Party Secretary, Aldo Moro, at the hands of the Red Brigades. In this period cinema as a form of artistic achievement declined, while fashion and industrial design moved at the centre stage of economic and creative success. The rampant consumerism of the 1980s, fuelled by tax reforms that favoured a wider urban middle class, the retreat of unionism, the abandonment of collective bargaining in many industrial sectors, industrial restructuring with the consequent growth of black market economy in the provincial areas of the so-called Third Italy first and the South later, were all factors that contributed to a social and economic shift within Italy itself.
Commercial consumption, propagated by the proliferation of local commercial television networks, hedonism and a re-articulation of identity through appearance replaced the 1970s' political activism and ideological opposition to fashion. Ultimately, 'Made in Italy' was a multidimensional phenomenon that presented itself as a new cultural model for the country’s political tribes of the 1970s.
Entre ausencias (Among Absences)
Authors: Coronado Gabriela 
Published: September 2014

Utilizando el género epistolar, una carta a mi madre, reflexiono sobre mi nueva vida e identidad como emigrante en Australia explorando mis percepciones sobre la diferencia cultural y lingüística. Lejos de mis hijas y nietos en México, en esta carta, tardíamente escrita, relato mis recuerdos, nostalgias y vivencias en el nuevo ambiente, y sobre todo, hablo de mis dificultades para manejar emocionalmente mi miedo a la ausencia en los momentos importantes del ciclo de vida, la enfermedad y la muerte. Using the epistolary genre, a letter to my mother, I reflect on my life and identity as an emigrant in Australia by exploring my perceptions of cultural and linguistic difference. Far from my children and grandchildren in Mexico, in this belatedly written letter I recall my memories, nostalgic feelings and expereinces in the new environment, and above all, I speak of my difficulties in mangaing emotionally my fears of being absent in the important moments of the cycle of life, sickness and death.
混搭？抑或混乱？——中产阶级格调在中国 [Mix and Match or Confusion?: Middleclass Taste in China]
Authors: Lin Songyu 
Published: September 2014

作为社会学意义的中产阶级是中国的新生事物，也是目前中国主流社会阶层所力争上游的等级。美国图书《格调——社会等级与生活品味》（Class）本来在美国是冒犯大众、剖析并辛辣讽刺美国人数最多的阶层（中产阶级）的一本书，在中国被城市白领奉为圭臬。
作为中国大陆市场经济改革最触目的结果之一，新兴的“中产阶级”完全打乱了已经持续几十年的原有的社会主义阶级结构，也从更深层面动摇中国稳定的农业社会结构。但中国大陆的传统儒道文化基因、后极权统治与新兴资本经济之间错纵复杂及畸形发展的关系，构成奇特怪异的共生链。西方现代文明与中国农业文明之间的矛盾、全球化与地域性的矛盾形成博弈，也造成混乱与冲突。当下中国大陆社会，人口的重新分布与阶层的重新形成（但又尚未实现稳定的阶层），导致传统价值观念的改变、宗教与政治的操控发生动摇。一切都在流动并在嬗变。人们也在这种新旧快速转型中迷失。可以说，正是处于一种精神分裂、道德分裂、审美分裂的状态。
中国中产阶级，来自中国不同的地域、阶层，他们没有经历象西方中产阶级那样的资产阶级阶段，而是由于首先是经济意义上的变化而带来身份的变化。而这种身份，文化背景是复杂的。既有乡土农业文明的痕迹，又有社会主义意识形态的烙印。他们所能凭藉的作为中产阶级的文化资源相当匮乏，或者说他们的文化资源、原有的文化身份正是他们企图蜕变的。所以“趣味”，便成为他们寻找新身份的表达，这是一种附在表层而不是长在身体上的标签。
因为中国中产者迄今为止尚未形成真正的主流意志，而整个中国社会一方面是传统思想体系支离破碎，一方面是新社会意识形态还是混沌不清：集体化衰退，个人性凸现，而精神正处于难以进退的窄门。因此，挖掘民族文化谱系中的核心价值，并与国家、社会的现代化进程相适应，这样的人文建设迫在眉急。
Moorings: Indian Ocean Creolizations
Authors: Verges Francoise , Marimoutou Carpanin 
Published: September 2014

In this essay written in 2004, Françoise Vergès and Carpanin Marimoutou explore the ways in which processes and practices of creolization occurred in Réunion Island. They argue that creolization must be analyzed within the historical, political and cultural context in which they emerge.
Vergès and Marimoutou reflect on these processes -- frictions, conflicts, and exchanges among slaves, settlers, migrants, and indentured workers from Madagascar, Mozambique, Gujarat, Bengal, France, Tamil Nadu, Southern China, Malaysia, Vietnam..., who were brought or came on the uninhabited island, colonized by the French in the 17th century. The authors also looked at the post-colonial moment, the French policies of assimilation and repression in the 1960s-1970s. For them, vernacular cultural practices and memories of struggle continue to work as counter strategies against local and national reactionary politics. In their conclusion, Vergès and Marimoutou look at the current form of globalization and its consequences on processes of creolization.
Soldiers, Artisans, Cultivators and Revolutionaries: The Movement of Sikhs in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera 
Published: September 2014

The geography of Punjab, a land-locked region divided between India and Pakistan, makes it an unlikely player in oceanic sojourns. But imperial interventions in Punjab in the middle of the 19th century triggered movements from Punjab that inserted this region in the littoral narrative of the Indian Ocean. Unlike the movements of lascars and traders, who have been central to the revisionist histories of the Indian Ocean, those from Punjab have not featured in oceanic dialogues. The absence of Sikhs in Indian Ocean studies is largely due to the silence of Sikh soldiers, skilled craftsmen and cultivators with largely rural roots who were uprooted to strange lands. The confusion of Sikhs with Hindus, Muslims and, even Afghans, in the colonial era, as well as the classification of Punjabi Muslims as Pakistani in the post-colonial, further problematizes the Sikh migration narrative. Drawing on a wide range of official and unofficial historical sources, this essay argues that twin developments in Punjab, namely the construction of Sikhs as ‘a martial race’ and their integration into the imperial capitalist economy, connects the movements of soldiers and policemen to Shanghai, Hong Kong, the Straits Settlements and Kenya with those of skilled artisans to Mombasa and Uganda.
Keywords: Sikhs, Indian Ocean, labour migration, cultural identity
Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Potamogeton ×subrufus Hagstr. (Potamogetonaceae)
Authors: Zalewska-Gałosz Joanna , Kwolek Dagmara 
Published: September 2014

<em>Potamogeton</em> ×<em>subrufus</em> Hagstr. was described as a hybrid between <em>P. lucens</em> L. and <em>P. nodosus</em> Poir.; however, the taxon had not been widely accepted and regarded as conspecific with <em>P.</em> ×<em>fluitans</em> Roth, the hybrid between <em>P. lucens</em> and P. <em>natans</em> L. The origin of <em>P.</em> ×<em>subrufus</em> had been obscured till 2010, when, based on morpho-anatomical treatment, it was shown that <em>P.</em> ×<em>subrufus</em> displays several characters consistently different from those of <em>P.</em> ×<em>fluitans</em>. Here we report a successful amplification and sequencing of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region from a 115 year-old herbarium specimen of <em>P.</em> ×<em>subrufus</em>, collected in locus classicus by J. Baagöe and preserved in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University (KRA). Based on the additive polymorphism pattern expressed in the ITS1 sequences of <em>P.</em> ×<em>subrufus</em>, we demonstrate that one of the parents of this hybrid was <em>P. nodosus</em>, as was claimed by Hagström.
Working with or next to each other? Boundary crossing in the field of information visualisation
Authors: Smit Gerard , De Haan Yael , Buijs Laura 
Published: September 2014

Due to the need to present information in a fast and attractive way, organizations are eager to use information visualisations. This study explores the collision between the different experts involved in the production of these visualisations using the model of trading zones supplemented with the learning mechanisms found in the boundary crossing literature. Results show that that there is not one good solution to effective interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of information visualisation. All four types of cooperation that we distinguish – enforced, dominated, fractionated, and attuned – might work well, as long as they are adapted to the situation. In any case the involved experts and initiators have to understand and incorporate approaches that enhance the co-creative, iterative nature of the production process. Overlooking the different forms of collaboration we detect two major forms of trading zones: the one that encompasses the collaboration between an external client and a designer (external trading zone) and the trading zones within an organization between content producer and designer (internal trading zone). Both mechanisms of identifying each other’s expertise and coordinating the different tasks in the production process seem beneficial for the production process.
Magistère de l’Église et régulation de la foi
Authors: Richard Jean 
Published: September 2014

René-Michel Roberge proteste contre le modèle hiérarchique, autoritaire, du magistère de l’Église (catholique romaine). Selon ce modèle, la révélation vient d’en haut et passe par la hiérarchie ecclésiale pour parvenir aux fidèles. Cette conception ne fonctionne plus à notre époque, caractérisée par « le refus des arguments d’autorité » (Luc Ferry). Par opposition à ce modèle hiérarchique et doctrinal, notre auteur propose un magistère ecclésial de type pastoral. La fonction magistérielle consiste alors à entretenir et à vitaliser la foi déjà présente dans la communauté des fidèles.
Peut-on parler de « magistère » ecclésial avant le concile de Nicée ?
Authors: Poirier Paul-Hubert 
Published: September 2014

À partir de ce que nous savons de l’exercice de la fonction d’enseignement dans l’Église ancienne, de l’émergence de l’institution conciliaire et de la référence au siège de Rome, l’auteur montre comment se met en place une certaine autorité « magistérielle ».
True first‐pass effect in patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute large core strokes
Authors: Fan Shitao , Guo Changwei , Huang Jiacheng , Peng Zhouzhou , Yue Chengsong , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Xie Dongjing , Yu Nizhen , Yang Shihai , Shi Xiaolei , Yang Dahong , Li Fengli , Yang Qingwu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of true first‐pass effect (T‐FPE, achieving substantial recanalization with extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; eTICI 3 after 1 thrombectomy) and outcomes on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large ischemic core remains uncertain. We aimed to study the association between T‐FPE and outcomes in AIS patients with large core infarct through a real‐world multicenter study.MethodsFrom a prospective multicentric registry, we collected the data of all consecutive acute stroke patients with a large ischemic core who underwent thrombectomy and compared the outcomes of patients who achieved T‐FPE and those who did not. In addition, we compared the outcomes of patients with different numbers of thrombectomy pass to identify the effectiveness of T‐FPE. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of T‐FPE. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score; mRS 0–3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included a 90‐day mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours after thrombectomy.ResultsBetween November 2021 and February 2023, 447 eligible patients at 38 stroke centers were enrolled. Out of 447 thrombectomy patients, T‐FPE was achieved in 102 individuals (22.8%). T‐FPE was significantly associated with a higher proportion of good functional outcome (mRS 0–3 at 3 months, OR 2.221, 95% CI 1.418–3.479, p < 0.001) and lower mortality than non‐T‐FPE patients (31.4% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.012). The occlusion sites and lower DBP were strong predictors of T‐FPE.InterpretationT‐FPE was associated with favorable outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients with a large ischemic core who underwent EVT.
Harmony of Self‐Similarity: Overcoming the Strength–Ductility Trade‐Off Through Harmonic Structure
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Orlov Dmytro 
Published: August 2024

Within the new generation of structural materials having heterogeneous microarchitectures, one of the top performers is harmonic structure (HS). Herewith, the exciting discovery of self‐similarity in their stress–strain behavior is reported. HS materials consist of the 3D skeleton of ultrafine grains (UFG) encompassing coarse‐grained (CG) counterparts. Our discovery simplifies the mathematical description of such a system and helps unraveling hidden patterns. Specifically, it is demonstrated that overcoming the strength–ductility trade‐off in HS occurs since its components have a characteristic strengthening mechanism, which realizes the synergy of three factors: 1) hetero‐deformation‐induced (HDI) strengthening of the CG phase, the deformation of which increases with acceleration with respect to the deformation of the entire sample; 2) the transition of the CG phase to the strengthened to saturation UFG phase; and 3) the work of UFG phase deformation, which increases with acceleration when the sample is strained due to the rapidly growing value of and the factor (2).
Interfacial Modulation with Phosphorylated Covalent Organic Framework Enabling Highly Durable Sodium Metal Batteries in Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Hou Zhen , Xia Shuixin , Fan Wenxuan , Gong Yun , Yuan Tao , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Zheng Shiyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe practical usage of Na metal anode is severely prohibited by the instability of the natively formed solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the uncontrollable Na dendrite growth, inducing short cycle life and serious safety concerns. Herein, phosphorylated covalent organic frameworks (P‐COF) is first synthesized and rationally used to construct the robust artificial interface layer for Na metal stabilization. The modified Na metal anode demonstrates high rate performance (5 mA cm−2) and ultralong cycling lifespan (1800 h) with dendrite‐free Na deposition in carbonate‐based electrolyte. And the assembled Na|Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cell also reveals extraordinarily stable cycling at 5 C for 4000 cycles with a quite low decay rate of 0.002% per cycle. Moreover, the Na|NVP full cell with high areal capacity (2.0 mAh cm−2) and thin Na metal (30 µm) still demonstrates prolonged cycling over 500 cycles even under the harsh condition of a low negative‐to‐positive‐capacity (N/P) ratio of 2:3. Furthermore, the Na|NVP pouch cell with an ultrathick cathode (≈17 mg cm−2) also manifests significantly prolonged cycling performance. This work demonstrates a facile and effective strategy toward reliable Na metal batteries.
Pre‐Nucleation Strategy for Room‐Temperature Growth of Perovskite Single Crystals toward Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Chaoqiang , Tian Chao , Cheng Yanyan , Chen Shuai , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal lead perovskite (MHP) single crystals (SCs) with extraordinary optical properties are promising candidates for high‐performance SC‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (SC‐PeLEDs). However, the heating process involved in traditional methods to initiate crystal nucleation and growth inevitably induces massive defects in MHP SCs, leading to inferior electroluminescence performance and poor operational stability of the SC‐PeLEDs. Preparation of low‐defect thin MHP SCs for high‐performance SC‐PeLEDs remains a formidable challenge. Here, a facile pre‐nucleation strategy is developed to enable room‐temperature (RT) growth of high‐quality MAPbBr3 (MA+ = CH3NH3+) SCs. By avoiding the detrimental effect of high growth temperature, the MAPbBr3 SCs prepared at RT show improved crystallinity with lower trap‐state density, giving rise to higher photoluminescence quantum yield and uniform fluorescence. Consequently, the MAPbBr3‐based SC‐PeLEDs achieve a high external quantum efficiency up to 9.7%, along with an ultrahigh luminance of 126 800 cd m−2, which is among the highest for MAPbBr3‐based SC‐PeLEDs. Moreover, the SC‐PeLEDs demonstrate remarkably high operational stability with half‐lifetimes as long as 594 min and 33.2 min at initial luminances of ≈1000 cd m−2 and ≈10 000 cd m−2, respectively. The work has excellent universality and paves the way toward the fabrication of high‐performance SC‐PeLEDs for future lighting, display, and laser applications.
Constructing Co4(SO4)4 Clusters within Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Zhou Guojun , Tan Huang , Mou Yonghong , Zhang Jieling , Guo Hongbo , Yang Shujiao , Lei Haitao , Zheng Haoquan , Zhang Wei , Lin Haiping , Cao Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMultinuclear metal clusters are ideal candidates to catalyze small molecule activation reactions involving the transfer of multiple electrons. However, synthesizing active metal clusters is a big challenge. Herein, on constructing an unparalleled Co4(SO4)4 cluster within porphyrin‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and the electrocatalytic features of such Co4(SO4)4 clusters for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported. The reaction of CoII sulfate and metal complexes of tetrakis(4‐pyridyl)porphyrin under solvothermal conditions afforded Co4‐M‐MOFs (M═Co, Cu, and Zn). Crystallographic studies revealed that these Co4‐M‐MOFs have the same framework structure, having the Co4(SO4)4 clusters connected by metalloporphyrin units through Co─Npyridyl bonds. In the Co4(SO4)4 cluster, the four CoII ions are chemically and symmetrically equivalent and are each coordinated with four sulfate O atoms to give a distorted cube‐like structure. Electrocatalytic studies showed that these Co4‐M‐MOFs are all active for electrocatalytic OER and ORR. Importantly, by regulating the activity of the metalloporphyrin units, it is confirmed that the Co4(SO4)4 cluster is active for oxygen electrocatalysis. With the use of Co porphyrins as connecting units, Co4‐Co‐MOF displays the highest electrocatalytic activity in this series of MOFs by showing a 10 mA cm−2 OER current density at 357 mV overpotential and an ORR half‐wave potential at 0.83 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Theoretical studies revealed the synergistic effect of two proximal Co atoms in the Co4(SO4)4 cluster in OER by facilitating the formation of O─O bonds. This work is of fundamental significance to present the construction of Co4(SO4)4 clusters in framework structures for oxygen electrocatalysis and to demonstrate the cooperation between two proximal Co atoms in such clusters during the O─O bond formation process.
A Fully Integrated Conformal Wearable Ultrasound Patch for Continuous Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zou Faxing , Luo Yong , Zhuang Wenxuan , Xu Tailin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer treatment is a continuous process, that the current therapy cannot meet the requirement well, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Wearable ultrasound device has the potential for continuous sonodynamic therapy due to its portability. However, the miniaturization of ultrasonic probe, system integration of device, and the strategy of continuous treatment are still urgent issues to be addressed. Herein, a portable wearable antitumor system is introduced, which utilizes a custom‐developed multiplexed ultrasonic patch array (CWUS Patch) to accurately focus ultrasound on the lesion site and controllably stimulate sonosensitizer to produce a large amount of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The system enables dynamic control of the ultrasound patches and allows real‐time adjustments to optimize their performance in various applications, providing greater flexibility and precision in healthcare technology. Furthermore, the excellent penetration property of ultrasound into tumor tissues that induce synchronous apoptosis of tumor cells from the inside out is verified through a mouse model of breast cancer. This fully integrated conformal wearable ultrasound system provides a promising approach to noninvasively, continuously, and efficiently treat deep tumors.
Recent Progress in Memrsitor Array Structures and Solutions for Sneak Path Current Reduction
Authors: Lee Yoonseok , Jeon Beomki , Cho Youngboo , Kim Jihyung , Shim Wonbo , Kim Sungjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMemristors have diverse potential for improving data storage through linear memory control and synaptic operation in AI and neuromorphic computing. Prior research on optimizing memristors in next‐generation devices has generally indicated that emerging arrays and vertical structures can improve memory density, although special fabrication steps are required to realize improved operation. Until now, many obstructions, such as the sneak path current and forming processes from the initial device in array structure operation at the device level, have limited the development of array‐based memristor devices for further progressing circuits and integrated design. In this paper, memristor array studies are examined that have suggested solutions for sneak path current and forming operation problems at the device level. Ultimately, representative solutions are proposed to progress memristors into array structures by introducing the latest research on one diode‐one RRAM (1D1R), one selector‐one RRAM (1S1R), overshoot suppressed RRAM (OSRRAM), self‐rectifying cell (SRC), charge trap memory (CTM) and their applications. Additionally, essential details demonstrating the practical implementation of these devices in crossbar array memory are investigated. Finally, the advantages and perspectives of these array‐based memristor solutions are summarized.
Tetherless Reconfigurations at Actuator‐Structure Interfaces
Authors: Yeow Bok Seng , Yang Yang , Ren Hongliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReconfigurable structures can perform multiple functions and are useful in confined environments with complicated access. To extend the complexity of configurations achievable with reconfigurable mechanisms, remotely reconfigurable mechanisms are explored. Magnetically responsive phase change materials are selected for actuation, and origami backbones as the structure. Modulating the mechanism's coupling and constraints, multiple configurations are achieved. Three functional aspects of in situ reconfiguration are demonstrated. First, selective attachment and actuation enable remote mechanisms to deploy and actuate. Second, reconfiguration that modifies the constraints allows for new kinematics even in confined environments. Third, the actuator can construct and change the configuration of an origami structure, allowing subsequent functions to emerge. Tetherless interface reconfiguration is demonstrated with an in situ needle puncture and escape room puzzle, which can benefit existing robotic applications in confined spaces.