bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intriguing structure of non‐geometric frames in string theory
Authors: Blumenhagen R. , Deser A. , Plauschinn E. , Rennecke F. , Schmid C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNon‐geometric frames in string theory are related to the geometric ones by certain local O(D,D) transformations, the so‐called β‐transforms. For each such transformation, we show that there exists both a natural field redefinition of the metric and the Kalb‐Ramond two‐form as well as an associated Lie algebroid. We furthermore prove that the all‐order low‐energy effective action of the superstring, written in terms of the redefined fields, can be expressed through differential‐geometric objects of the corresponding Lie algebroid. Thus, the latter provides a natural framework for effective superstring actions in non‐geometric frames. Relations of this new formalism to double field theory and to the description of non‐geometric backgrounds such as T‐folds are discussed as well.
The potential of 1 h refractivity changes from an operational C‐band magnetron‐based radar for numerical weather prediction validation and data assimilation†
Authors: Nicol J. C. , Illingworth A. J. , Bartholomew K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRefractivity changes (ΔN) derived from radar ground clutter returns serve as a proxy for near‐surface humidity changes (1 N unit ≡ 1% relative humidity at 20 °C). Previous studies have indicated that better humidity observations should improve forecasts of convection initiation. A preliminary assessment of the potential of refractivity retrievals from an operational magnetron‐based C‐band radar is presented. The increased phase noise at shorter wavelengths, exacerbated by the unknown position of the target within the 300 m gate, make it difficult to obtain absolute refractivity values, so we consider the information in 1 h changes. These have been derived to a range of 30 km with a spatial resolution of ∼4 km; the consistency of the individual estimates (within each 4 km × 4 km area) indicates that ΔN errors are about 1 N unit, in agreement with in situ observations. Measurements from an instrumented tower on summer days show that the 1 h refractivity changes up to a height of 100 m remain well correlated with near‐surface values. The analysis of refractivity as represented in the operational Met Office Unified Model at 1.5, 4 and 12 km grid lengths demonstrates that, as model resolution increases, the spatial scales of the refractivity structures improve. It is shown that the magnitude of refractivity changes is progressively underestimated at larger grid lengths during summer. However, the daily time series of 1 h refractivity changes reveal that, whereas the radar‐derived values are very well correlated with the in situ observations, the high‐resolution model runs have little skill in getting the right values of ΔN in the right place at the right time. This suggests that the assimilation of these radar refractivity observations could benefit forecasts of the initiation of convection.
High‐resolution prediction of a major convective period over West Africa
Authors: Beucher Florent , Lafore Jean‐Philippe , Karbou Fatima , Roca Rémy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate the predictions of the French cloud‐resolving model AROME using a set of high‐resolution (5 km) simulations that focus on the well documented African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) period of 23–28 July 2006 over a large domain (0–22°N, 15°W–20°E). The model skill is assessed against independent Global Positioning System observations of precipitable water and in terms of quantitative precipitation forecasts. As the rain‐gauge network is sparse over West Africa, the simulated precipitation fields were compared with data from satellite‐based precipitation products (TRMM‐3B42). We show that initial and boundary conditions significantly improve the AROME forecasts when the large‐scale forcing model (ARPEGE) assimilates surface‐sensitive observations from microwave remote‐sensing sensors over land surface.The daily mean AROME precipitation shows a spatial distribution in good agreement with the satellite precipitation estimates. The intertropical convergence zone is correctly reproduced in terms of shape and location but its intensity is broadly overestimated by about 25%. The AROME model is shown to be able to reproduce all regimes, from light rain to the biggest Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs). The observations made at the Niamey AMMA supersite allow a detailed evaluation. Near the Niamey AMMA supersite, we show that AROME is able to represent most of the key features of the West African monsoon from the diurnal to synoptic scales. The life cycle of two successive sequences of MCSs associated with an African easterly wave and a deep monsoon burst are well captured by AROME.Finally, a tracking approach based on the 1 h accumulated precipitation is applied to both Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) satellite estimates and to AROME and ARPEGE forecasts, allowing a good characterization of each MCS and statistics. Contrary to ARPEGE, the AROME MCSs trajectories and lifetimes, and the diurnal cycles of their initiation and dissipation, are in agreement with the GSMaP tracking and previous MCS statistics.
An extensible cheat‐proofing multi‐secret sharing scheme with low computation complexity
Authors: Wu Yinfeng , Huang Liping , Wang Xiao , Yu Ning 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSecret sharing schemes are widely applied in various areas, and there are series of achievements, among which the verifiable multi‐secret schemes are the most representative ones. A few verifiable multi‐secret schemes own the following drawbacks: insensitive to the differences of security levels, lack of expandability, high computation complexity of verification process, and low efficiency of execution. Addressing the issues, an extensible cheat‐proofing multi‐secret sharing scheme with low computation complexity is proposed. With the security of RSA public key system and discrete logarithm puzzle, the proposed scheme can realize the following functions: first, the secret dealer can set relatively threshold values according to different security levels; second, the participants and secret combiner can verify the secret shares, which can guard against cheating problem, resist various kinds of attacks and improve the success rate of secret reconstruction; in addition, the secret shares are reusable in the situations of new group secret and new participant joining the group, which brings about good expandability. Moreover, compared with the previous schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the information content published by secret dealer and brings down the computation complexity of verification, which makes the efficiency of the scheme greatly improved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An authentication, authorization, and accounting mechanism for 3G/WLAN networks
Authors: Wu Wei‐Chen , Liaw Horng‐Twu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBoth computer and telecommunication networks have developed rapidly and become much more popular recently. On the basis of the characteristics of the two networks, we can see that they are complementary. If we can integrate the most popular technologies of these two kinds of networks, the integration will result in a new, attractive network access method. From the viewpoints of both the user and the service provider, the advantages of the integration include increased profits and better support for services. However, the integration of the two heterogeneous networks still presents many problems, the most critical of which concern authentication and billing. In this paper, we propose a practical, efficient, and secure authentication, authorization, and accounting mechanism within the interworking architecture proposed by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H1N1 Was Not All That Scary: Uncertainty and Stressor Appraisals Predict Anxiety Related to a Coming Viral Threat
Authors: Taha Sheena Aislinn , Matheson Kimberly , Anisman Hymie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractH1N1 reached pandemic proportions in 2009, yet considerable ambivalence was apparent concerning the threat presented and the inclination to be vaccinated. The present investigation assessed several factors, notably appraisals of the threat, intolerance of uncertainty, and familiarity with the virus, that might contribute to reactions to a potential future viral threat. Canadian adults (N = 316) provided with several scenarios regarding viral threats reported moderate feelings of anxiety, irrespective of whether the viral threat was one that was familiar versus one that was entirely unfamiliar to them (H1N1 recurrence, H5N1, a fictitious virus: D3N4). Participants appraised the stressfulness of the threats to be moderate and believed that they would have control in this situation. However, among individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty, the viral threat was accompanied by high levels of anxiety, which was mediated by aspects of appraisals, particularly control and stressfulness. In addition, among those individuals that generally appraised ambiguous life events as being stressful, the viral threat appraisals were accompanied by still greater anxiety. Given the limited response to potential viral threats, these results raise concerns that the public may be hesitant to heed recommendations should another pandemic occur. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Überdachung des kleinen Schlosshofes des Residenzschlosses Dresden
Authors: Kahl Matthias , Mansperger Tobias 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMit der Überdachung des kleinen Schlosshofes des Residenzschlosses Dresden entstand ein Foyer als Herzstück der Museumsanlage mit ihren zahlreichen Einzelausstellungen. Mit einer stark gewölbten Gitterschale konnte der Bestand weitestgehend geschont und den besonderen architektonischen Anforderungen in einer äußerst sensiblen Umgebung Rechnung getragen werden. Durch die Verwendung von Folienkissen und deren Luftversorgung durch die Primärkonstruktion wurde ein sehr geringes Flächengewicht erreicht. Mit einem ausgeklügelten Lagerungskonzept konnte die Beanspruchung der zum Teil über 500 Jahre alten Schlossmauern weitestgehend minimiert werden.The roofing structure of the small courtyard of the Dresden Royal Palace. Roofing the small courtyard of the Dresden Residence Castle, a foyer of the complex of museums comprising of various exhibitions has been created as its centerpiece. A strongly arched lattice shell preserves the existing buildings and fulfills the special architectural requirements in a very sensitive environment. By using ETFE‐foil air panels and providing their air supply through the primary structure, a very light weight per area was achieved and a sophisticated bearing system minimized the load on the partially more than 500 year old walls of the castle.
Reversing bone loss by directing mesenchymal stem cells to bone
Authors: Yao Wei , Guan Min , Jia Junjing , Dai Weiwei , Lay Yu-An E. , Amugongo Sarah , Liu Ruiwu , Olivos David , Saunders Mary , Lam Kit S. , Nolta Jan , Olvera Diana , Ritchie Robert O. , Lane Nancy E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Bone regeneration by systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is problematic due to the inability to control the MSCs' commitment, growth, and differentiation into functional osteoblasts on the bone surface. Our research group has developed a method to direct the MSCs to the bone surface by conjugating a synthetic peptidomimetic ligand (LLP2A) that has high affinity for activated α4β1 integrin on the MSC surface, with a bisphosphonates (alendronate) that has high affinity for bone (LLP2A-Ale), to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that mobilization of LLP2A-Ale to hydroxyapatite accelerated MSC migration that was associated with an increase in the phosphorylation of Akt kinase and osteoblastogenesis. LLP2A-Ale increased the homing of the transplanted MSCs to bone as well as the osteoblast surface, significantly increased the rate of bone formation and restored both trabecular and cortical bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency or advanced age in mice. These results support LLP2A-Ale as a novel therapeutic option to direct the transplanted MSCs to bone for the treatment of established bone loss related to hormone deficiency and aging.
Mass spectrometry‐driven phosphoproteomics: patterning the systems biology mosaic
Authors: Jünger Martin A. , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: July 2013

Protein phosphorylation is the best‐studied posttranslational modification and plays a role in virtually every biological process. Phosphoproteomics is the analysis of protein phosphorylation on a proteome‐wide scale, and mainly uses the same instrumentation and analogous strategies as conventional mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics. Measurements can be performed either in a discovery‐type, also known as shotgun mode, or in a targeted manner which monitors a set of a priori known phosphopeptides, such as members of a signal transduction pathway, across biological samples. Here, we delineate the different experimental levels at which measures can be taken to optimize the scope, reliability, and information content of phosphoproteomic analyses. Various chromatographic and chemical protocols exist to physically enrich phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests of biological samples. Subsequent mass spectrometric analysis revolves around peptide ion fragmentation to generate sequence information and identify the backbone sequence of phosphopeptides as well as the phosphate group attachment site(s), and different modes of fragmentation like collision‐induced dissociation (CID), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), and higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) have been established for phosphopeptide analysis. Computational tools are important for the identification and quantification of phosphopeptides and mapping of phosphorylation sites, the deposition of large‐scale phosphoproteome datasets in public databases, and the extraction of biologically meaningful information by data mining, integration with other data types, and descriptive or predictive modeling. Finally, we discuss how orthogonal experimental approaches can be employed to validate newly identified phosphorylation sites on a biochemical, mechanistic, and physiological level. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:83–112. doi: 10.1002/wdev.121This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Analysis of Proteins
A New Iron(II) Complex with Strongly Saddle Shaped Schiff Base like Ligand
Authors: Schlamp Stephan , Thoma Peter , Bauer Tobias , Kempe Rhett , Weber Birgit 
Published: July 2013

Abstract The synthesis of two new Schiff base like ligands containing a 1, 8‐diaminonaphthalene unit in order to improve π–π interactions between the molecules is described. The corresponding iron(II), copper(II), and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and for the iron(II) complex X‐ray structure analysis. The crystal structure shows a strongly saddle shaped ligand. In contrast to related complexes with a phenylene unit that prefer an octahedral coordination sphere, this complex crystallizes pentacoordinate. The keto‐group of a neighboring complex serves as axial ligand resulting in the formation of infinite chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal nearly ideal curie behavior for the copper(II) and the iron(II) complex.
Some theoretical and computational aspects of single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity
Authors: Reddy B.D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVariational formulations are constructed for rate‐independent problems in single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity. The framework makes use of the flow rule expressed in terms of a dissipation function. The formulation extends to the finite‐deformation context earlier work on this problem. Provision is made for energetic and dissipative microstresses, and a range of defect energies is accounted for. The minimization problem corresponding to the time‐discrete formulation is derived. Two special cases are then treated: first, for the small‐strain problem with energetic microstresses, results on well‐posedness, convergence of finite element approximations, the associated algorithms, and computational examples, are discussed. Secondly, recent computational work on the the related large‐deformation viscoplastic problem, with both energetic and dissipative effects, is presented and discussed for problems involving ensembles of grains.
Retracted: Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with inotrope‐dependent class IV end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Nakajima Ikutaro , Noda Takashi , Kanzaki Hideaki , Ishibashi Kohei , Miyamoto Koji , Yamada Yuko , Okamura Hideo , Satomi Kazuhiro , Aiba Takeshi , Kamakura Shiro , Anzai Toshihisa , Ishihara Masaharu , Yasuda Satoshi , Ogawa Hisao , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been widely used for the treatment of refractory heart failure (HF). However, the efficacy of CRT is not well established in class IV HF patients on inotropic support.MethodsTwenty‐six patients (age 55±18 years, 73% men) with inotrope‐dependent HF were reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of CRT in class IV HF patients on inotropic support.ResultsIntravenous inotropic therapy was administered for 72±56 days before CRT and consisted of dobutamine (n=24; 3.0±1.2 μg kg−1 min−1), dopamine (n=2; 4.5±2.1 μg kg−1 min−1), and/or milrinone (n=16; 0.12±0.09 μg kg−1 min−1). CRT did not produce significant reverse remodeling in eligible patients (left ventricular ejection fraction 23±7% to 25±9%; p=0.23, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter 70±9 mm to 68±9 mm; p=0.14). After CRT device implantation, 13 (50%) patients experienced 1 or more episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia or sudden cardiac death. Twenty (77%) patients survived to hospital discharge with weaning from inotropic support (70±70 days after CRT implantation). The 1‐year survival rate was 81%. However, data from long‐term follow‐up showed that 68% of the study patients who attained survival discharge had an HF hospitalization event within the follow‐up period.ConclusionCRT did not result in significant reverse remodeling in patients with inotrope‐dependent class IV end‐stage HF. However, it contributed to dramatically improve the cardiovascular outcomes at least in the short‐term period in some patients.
THE REFORMATION OF ENGLISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? “RIGHTS”, RHETORIC AND REALITY
Authors: Varuhas Jason N.E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines and responds to a doctrinal claim, made by an increasing number of commentators, that English administrative law is in the midst of a “reformation” or “reinvention”, with the notion of “rights” at the heart of this radical recalibration. The article is critical of such claims on several grounds. First, these claims are steeped in ambiguity, such that the nature and doctrinal scope of the claimed metamorphosis are not clear. Second, these commentators have not undertaken the sort of detailed doctrinal analysis which is required to make credible claims about the development of the law, meaning their broad claims have a strong propensity to mislead, and pass over the nuances and complexities of doctrine. An analysis of significant features of doctrine tends to tell against a wholesale recalibration of administrative law around rights, and indicates an increasingly pluralistic rather than unitary legal order. Third, despite the centrality of the idea of “rights” to their claims, these commentators do not squarely address what they mean by “rights”, in general using the term indiscriminately, and thereby plunging their claims into uncertainty. The article demonstrates the importance of conceptual clarity in analysing “rights”-based developments through a doctrinal analysis of “rights” in administrative law, conducted through the prism of W.N. Hohfeld's analytical scheme.
New species ofStygiopontius(Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from a deep-sea hydrothermal volcano in the New Ireland Fore-Arc system (Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Ivanenko Viatcheslav N. , Ferrari Frank D. 
Published: July 2013

A male of the new speciesStygiopontius senckenbergibelonging to the family Dirivultidae Humes & Dojiri, 1980 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) and endemic to deep-sea hydrothermal vents, is described from a raised fault block structure south of Edison seamount of the New Ireland Fore-Arc system (Papua New Guinea). The copepods were collected in by box-corer during cruise SO-133 of the RV ‘Sonne’ at a depth of 1610–1625 m, 3°19′S 152°35′E. The new species belongs to a group of eight species that are separate from 21 congeners on the basis of setation of legs 1 and 4: the coxa of leg 1 has an inner seta (absent on the others) and the third exopodal segment of leg 4 has three outer spines (instead of two spines). The new species shares withS. pectinatusHumes, 1987 a pectinate maxilliped but differs from it in lacking two pectinate, terminal claw-like setae on the endopod of the antenna.
The effect of ambient air temperature and precipitation on monthly counts of salmonellosis in four regions of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, in 2000–2010
Authors: GRJIBOVSKI A. M. , KOSBAYEVA A. , MENNE B. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe studied associations between monthly counts of laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis, ambient air temperature and precipitation in four settings in Kazakhstan. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature during the same months only in Astana: an increase of 1°C was associated with a 5·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–8·8] increase in the number of cases. A similar association, although not reaching the level of significance was observed in the Southern Kazakhstan region (3·5%, 95% CI −2·1 to 9·1). Positive association with precipitation with lag 2 was found in Astana: an increase of 1 mm was associated with a 0·5% (95% CI 0·1–1·0) increase in the number of cases. A similar association, but with lag 0 was observed in Southern Kazakhstan region (0·6%, 95% CI 0·1–1·1). The results may have implications for the future patterns of salmonellosis in Kazakhstan with regard to climate change.
Diet-related practices and BMI are associated with diet quality in older adults
Authors: Ford Dara W , Hartman Terryl J , Still Christopher , Wood Craig , Mitchell Diane , Hsiao Pao Ying , Bailey Regan , Smiciklas-Wright Helen , Coffman Donna L , Jensen Gordon L 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of diet-related practices and BMI with diet quality in rural adults aged ≥74 years.DesignCross-sectional. Dietary quality was assessed by the twenty-five-item Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Diet-related practices were self-reported. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse associations of DST scores with BMI and diet-related practices after controlling for gender, age, education, smoking and self- v. proxy reporting.SettingGeisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS) in Pennsylvania, USA.SubjectsA total of 4009 (1722 males, 2287 females; mean age 81·5 years) participants aged ≥74 years.ResultsIndividuals with BMI < 18·5 kg/m2 had a significantly lower DST score (mean 55·8, 95 % CI 52·9, 58·7) than those individuals with BMI = 18·5–24·9 kg/m2 (mean 60·7, 95 % CI 60·1, 61·5; P = 0·001). Older adults with higher, more favourable DST scores were significantly more likely to be food sufficient, report eating breakfast, have no chewing difficulties and report no decline in intake in the previous 6 months.ConclusionsThe DST may identify potential targets for improving diet quality in older adults including promotion of healthy BMI, breakfast consumption, improving dentition and identifying strategies to decrease concern about food sufficiency.