bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Uniform Au Nanospheres Capped by Citrate for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Kei Kwan , Hao Min , Kinoshita Seth , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report a simple and versatile method for effectively replacing the toxic ligands, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), on the surface of Au nanospheres with different sizes by citrate. The method involves the deposition of an ultrathin shell of fresh Au in the presence of sodium citrate at an adequate concentration. After the ligand exchange process, multiple techniques are used to confirm that the surface of the resultant Au nanospheres is covered by citrate while there is no sign of aggregation. We also demonstrate the mitigation of cell toxicity after exchanging the surface‐bound CTAB/CTAC with citrate, opening the door to a range of biomedical applications.
Aerobic Oxidation of PMB Ethers to Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Jiabin , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe first aerobic protocol of direct transformation of p‐methoxybenzyl (PMB) ethers to carboxylic acids efficiently with Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O and TEMPO as catalysts at room temperature has been developed. The reaction accommodates C−Br bond, terminal/non‐terminal C−C triple bond, amide, cyano, nitro, ester, and trifluoromethyl groups. Even highly selective oxidative deprotection of different benzylic PMB ethers has been realized. The reaction has been successfully applied to the total synthesis of natural product, (R)‐6‐hydroxy‐7,9‐octadecadiynoic acid, demonstrating the practicality of the method. Based on experimental studies, a possible mechanism involving oxygen‐stabilized benzylic cation has been proposed.
Tolerance bands for exponential family functional data
Authors: de Silva Galappaththige S. R. , Choudhary Pankaj K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA tolerance band for a functional response provides a region that is expected to contain a given fraction of observations from the sampled population at each point in the domain. This band is a functional analogue of the tolerance interval for a univariate response. Although the problem of constructing functional tolerance bands has been considered for a Gaussian response, it has not been investigated for non‐Gaussian responses, which are common in biomedical applications. We describe a methodology for constructing tolerance bands for two non‐Gaussian members of the exponential family: binomial and Poisson. The approach is to first model the data using the framework of generalized functional principal components analysis. Then, a parameter is identified in which the marginal distribution of the response is stochastically monotone. We show that the tolerance limits can be readily obtained from confidence limits for this parameter, which in turn can be computed using large‐sample theory and bootstrapping. Our proposed methodology works for both dense and sparse functional data. We report the results of simulation studies designed to evaluate its performance and get recommendations for practical applications. We illustrate our proposed method using two actual biomedical studies, and also provide computer source code that implements our method.
Tests for the first‐order stochastic dominance
Authors: Zhuang Weiwei , Wang Peiming , Chen Jiahua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the first‐order stochastic dominance (SD) test in the context of two independent random samples. We introduce several test statistics that effectively capture violations of the dominance relationship, particularly in the tail regions. Additionally, we develop a resampling procedure to compute the ‐values or critical values for these tests. The proposed tests have asymptotic type I error rates for frontal configurations equal to the nominal level . Furthermore, their powers approach 1 for any fixed alternatives. Through simulation experiments, we demonstrate that our SD tests outperform the recentring test proposed by Donald and Hsu (2016) as well as the integral‐type test presented by Linton et al. (2010) in various scenarios discussed in existing literature. We also employ the proposed tests to analyze changes in the distribution of household income in the United Kingdom over time. The proposed tests offer some insights into potential dominance relationships within this context.
Residential proximity to oil and gas developments and childhood cancer survival
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Rathod Rutu A. , Rosales Omar , Castellanos Maria I. , Schraw Jeremy M. , Burgess Elyse , Peckham‐Gregory Erin C. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Scheurer Michael E. , Hughes Amy E. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental toxicants may impact survival in children with cancer, but the literature investigating these associations remains limited. Because oil and gas developments emit several hazardous air pollutants, the authors evaluated the relationship between residential proximity to oil or gas development and survival across 21 different pediatric cancers.MethodsThe Texas Cancer Registry had 29,730 children (≤19 years old) diagnosed with a primary cancer between 1995 to 2017. Geocoded data were available for 285,266 active oil or gas wells and 109,965 horizontal wells. The authors calculated whether each case lived within 1000 m (yes/no) from each type of oil or gas development. Survival analyses were conducted using Cox regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 14.2% of cases lived within 1000 m of an oil or gas well or horizontal well. Living within 1000 m of an oil or gas well was associated with risk of mortality in cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.84) and hepatoblastoma (aHR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.03–4.39). An inverse association was observed with Ewing sarcoma (aHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.95). No associations were observed with horizontal well. There was evidence of a dose‐response effect in children with AML or hepatoblastoma and residential proximity to oil or gas wells. In general, the magnitude of association increased with decreasing distance and with higher number of wells across the three distances.ConclusionsResidential proximity to oil or gas wells at diagnosis is associated with the risk of mortality in children with AML or hepatoblastoma.
System response curve based first‐order optimization algorithms for cyber‐physical‐social intelligence
Authors: Yao Biyuan , Zhang Qingchen , Feng Ruonan , Wang Xiaokang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe continuous enhancement of optimization algorithms and their parameters has spurred the expansion of AI into novel application domains such as image recognition and smart home technology. This paper employs the system response curve (SRC) to the adaptive learning rate optimizer, addressing challenges associated with the establishment of the optimizer control model and parameter adjustments affecting the dynamic performance of the system. These insights offer theoretical support for the optimizer's application in deep learning models. To begin, the adaptive learning rate optimizer is a time‐varying system. Based on the intrinsic relationship between the network optimization and the control system, the time domain expression and approximate transfer function of the adaptive learning rate optimizer are derived, and the system dynamic model is established. Furthermore, based on the system control model of the optimizer, it is proposed to explain the performance impacts of different optimizers and their hyperparameters on the deep learning model through the SRC. Finally, experiments are performed on the MNIST, CIFAR‐10, UTKinect‐Action3D, and Florence3D‐Action datasets to validate the control theory of explaining optimizers through system response curves. The experimental results show that the recognition performance of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) is better than that of the Adaptive Gradient (AdaGrad) and Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop). Additionally, the learning rate affects the model training speed, and the practical application aligns with the theoretical analysis.
Molecular Copper(I)‐Sensitized Photoanodes for Alcohol Oxidation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ricardo‐Noordberg Joseph F. , Kamal Saeid , Majewski Marek B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells can enable the production of molecules currently accessible through energetically demanding syntheses. Copper(I)‐based dyes represent electronically tunable charge transfer and separation systems. Herein, we report a Cu(I)‐bisdiimine donor‐chromophore‐acceptor dye with an absorbance in the visible part of the solar spectrum composed of a phenothiazine electron donor, and dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine electron acceptor. This complex is incorporated onto a zinc oxide nanowire semiconductor surface effectively forming a photoanode that is characterized spectroscopically and electrochemically. We investigate the photo‐oxidation of hydroquinone, and the photosensitization of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl and N‐hydroxyphthalimide for the oxidation of furfuryl alcohol to furfuraldehyde, resulting in near quantitative conversions, with poor selectivity to the alcohol.
Recent Development of Electrodes Construction for HER in Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Du Mingxuan , Tian Kaige , Yan Junqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProduction of hydrogen (H2) fuel using the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through electrocatalysis of water splitting is inexpensive, has optimal performance, and offers remarkable stability. Developing electrocatalysts with excellent stability and high efficiency has been a significant and challenging factor for practical applications of HER for decades. Hydrogen generation occurs on the HER electrode due to the emission of bubbles, proton diffusion, and the transfer of electrons. These considerations should be taken into account during the construction and development of the electrode. This review offers a synopsis of recent advancements in various electrodes used as a base for electrocatalysts, such as nickel foam, titanium foil, copper foam, carbon foam, and others, and discusses their HER catalytic activity, with a focus on the emission of bubbles, diffusion of ions, the structure of the electrode, and the formulation and preparation process. In conclusion, we provide an overview of ideas to further improve and address the significant issues in the manufacture of HER electrodes.
Endoscopic findings and outcomes of gastric mucosal changes relating to potassium‐competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Osawa Hiroyuki , Miura Yoshimasa , Nomoto Hiroaki , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Yano Tomonori , Despott Edward J. , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGastric mucosal changes associated with long‐term potassium‐competitive acid blocker and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy may raise concern. In contrast to that for PPIs, the evidence concerning the safety of long‐term potassium‐competitive acid blocker use is scant. Vonoprazan (VPZ) is a representative potassium‐competitive acid blocker released in Japan in 2015. In order to shed some comparative light regarding the outcomes of gastric mucosal lesions associated with a long‐term acid blockade, we have reviewed six representative gastric mucosal lesions: fundic gland polyps, gastric hyperplastic polyps, multiple white and flat elevated lesions, cobblestone‐like gastric mucosal changes, gastric black spots, and stardust gastric mucosal changes. For these mucosal lesions, we have evaluated the association with the type of acid blockade, patient gender, Helicobacter pylori infection status, the degree of gastric atrophy, and serum gastrin levels. There is no concrete evidence to support a significant relationship between VPZ/PPI use and the development of neuroendocrine tumors. Current data also shows that the risk of gastric mucosal changes is similar for long‐term VPZ and PPI use. Serum hypergastrinemia is not correlated with the development of some gastric mucosal lesions. Therefore, serum gastrin level is unhelpful for risk estimation and for decision‐making relating to the cessation of these drugs in routine clinical practice. Given the confounding potential neoplastic risk relating to H. pylori infection, this should be eradicated before VPZ/PPI therapy is commenced. The evidence to date does not support the cessation of clinically appropriate VPZ/PPI therapy solely because of the presence of these associated gastric mucosal lesions.
Climate and shared evolutionary history drive trait variation among species of Neotropical understory monocots
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Vargas Oscar M. , Funk Jennifer L. , Kay Kathleen M. , Goldsmith Gregory R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental variation commonly drives functional trait diversity within species, among species, and across communities. Climate and shared evolutionary history can both influence trait–environment relationships. We studied variation in plant functional traits among closely related Costus species occurring across environmental gradients, the extent to which this variation occurs within single species, and how that variation may be influenced by shared evolutionary history. We measured leaf, aboveground stem, rhizome, and fine root traits of 17 species of Costus in eight sites in Costa Rica and Panama, which varied in elevation, temperature, and precipitation. We then assessed the relationships among traits and environmental variables and estimated the phylogenetic signal of the traits. We observed significant relationships between functional traits and climate. Stomatal conductance decreased, but stem density and rhizome dry matter content increased with decreasing mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality in both cross‐species and single‐species analyses. This suggests that herbaceous species have a similar trade‐off between plant hydraulic efficiency and safety as found in woody plants. Mean annual temperature was a stronger driver of trait variation than mean annual precipitation. We also found phylogenetic signal in leaf and stem structural traits (i.e., closely related species are more similar than distantly related species), but not in physiological or belowground traits. Our results demonstrate significant trait variation within and among species of Costus, a widespread understory and herbaceous genus in the tropics, which is driven by both climate and shared evolutionary history.
Theoretical study of a novel resettable‐inertia damper: Dynamic modeling, equivalent linearization, and performance assessment
Authors: Liang Qigang , Yu Delei , Wei Jinyuan , Li Luyu , Ou Jinping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo passively achieve an inertial device with unidirectional force transmission similar to Bang Bang control, this study introduces a novel energy dissipation device known as the resettable‐inertia damper (RID). The ingenious motion principles of the RID, encompassing a rack‐and‐pinion, bevel gear commutation system, speed transmission, and eddy current damping, are elucidated in detail. In particular, a unidirectional rotational flywheel within the device selectively engages when the primary structure reciprocates. The physical mass of the flywheel undergoes conversion into an amplified inertia through the rack‐and‐pinion mechanism, which enables the enhancement of damping effects coupling the flywheel rotation and eddy current configuration. A coupled multibody dynamic model, combining the clutching effect, the flywheel inertia, and the rotational damping, is formulated to analyze the system with RID (RIDS). Currently, an analysis of the hysteretic behaviors of RID is carried out. To facilitate the design and evaluation of the performance of RIDS, an equivalent linearization method is proposed for RIDS. The feasibility of this simplified method is validated under harmonic excitation. Additionally, the study examines the performance of equivalent linear systems (ELSs) and RIDS under natural ground motions and stochastic stationary excitation in peak and variance responses levels, respectively. Comparison of RID with traditional inerter shows that RID can achieve a more pronounced control with less force transferred to the structure and with the potential to recover vibration energy, highlighting its unique advantages.
Theoretical analysis and experimental validation of multi‐level friction damping system
Authors: Chien Chia‐Shang Chang , Guo Mei‐Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost traditional passive friction dampers are limited to the design of single activated energy dissipation mechanism; therefore, when the seismic intensity is not strong enough to activate the mechanism, traditional friction dampers can only increase stiffness of the structure just like braces; only when the mechanism is activated will the energy dissipation elements perform energy absorption and assist the structure to absorb received seismic energy. The objective of this study is to improve this defect of traditional friction dampers, developing a Multi–Level Friction Damper (MFD) with a two‐stage energy dissipation mechanism, helping building structures (e.g., hospitals, high‐tech plants) reduce the acceleration responses of the superstructure. MFDs are proven to provide more comprehensive protection and have higher energy dissipation benefits than traditional friction dampers by the validation of numerical analysis and shaking table test. The study in turn performed parameter fitting with the results of the numerical simulation analysis and shaking table test, and the experimental results turned out to be satisfactory, validating the accuracy of the theoretical formulas.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of cold‐pressed rapeseed oil active components for anti‐inflammatory effects
Authors: Fu Jin , Huang Taocui , Shi Hui , Han Mei , Zhong Geng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInvestigating the anti‐inflammatory effects of bioactive components present in cold‐pressed rapeseed oil through the use of network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The components of cold‐pressed rapeseed oil were identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. We then conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis using bioinformatics databases on overlapping targets affected by active components and inflammation. Finally, molecular docking was used to predict the interactions between core components and key targets. Analysis identified 13 phenols, four steroids, and one retinoid in cold‐pressed rapeseed oil, with 143 overlapping targets related to inflammation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 25‐Hydroxycholesterol, Rosmarinic acid, 9‐cis‐Retinoic acid, Soyasapogenol B and α‐Tocopherol in cold‐pressed rapeseed oil could play a positive role in treating inflammation. They achieved this by regulating key targets (MMP9, EGFR, AKT1, ESR1, and PTGS2) involved in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signaling pathway and other related pathways. The molecular docking binding energy of the core components and the key targets were less than −5.0 kcal/mol, indicating that the components and the targets can be stably bound. This result indicated that the active components found in cold‐pressed rapeseed oil may exert an anti‐inflammatory effect through a synergistic mechanism involving multicomponent, multitarget and multipathway interactions.
Strengthening the family planning component of maternal health care: A new call to action to seize the opportunity provided by universal health coverage and primary healthcare frameworks
Authors: Tripathi Vandana , RamaRao Saumya , Kabra Rita , Raney Laura , Temba Anna , Wickstrom Jane , Sridhar Aparna 
Published: June 2024

SynopsisScaling up postpartum and postabortion family planning requires stronger health system stewardship, community and private sector engagement, measurement, and financing. Maternal health leadership is essential.
Robotic‐assisted versus conventional laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis involving the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve: A comparative before and after study
Authors: Massimello Francesca , Merlot Benjamin , Chanavaz‐Lacheray Isabella , Volodarsky‐Parel Alex , Cela Vito , Kade Sandesh , Dennis Thomas , Roman Horace 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare robotic‐assisted laparoscopy (RAL) and laparoscopy (LPS) for intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and functional results after a 6‐month follow‐up period among patients having undergone excision of deep endometriosis (DE) involving the sacral plexus (SP) and sciatic nerve (SN).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 100 patients included in our prospective database, who underwent surgical eradication of DE involving the SP and SN at our tertiary referral centre between September 2018 and June 2023. Patients were managed by LPS (n = 71) until 2021, and subsequently by RAL (n = 29).ResultsBaseline symptoms and distribution of DE lesions were comparable in the two groups. Nerve dissection, nerve shaving, and intra‐nerve dissection were performed in 55 (77.5%), 14 (19.7%), and 2 (5.6%) patients in the LPS group, respectively. Nerve dissection and nerve shaving were performed and in 24 (82.8%) and 5 (17.2%) patients in the RAL group, while no cases of intra‐nerve dissection were observed (P = 0.434). Mean operative times were 183.71 ± 85.32 min and 177.41 ± 77.19 min, respectively (P = 0.734). There were no reported cases of conversion to open surgery. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups. At 6 months follow up, we observed a significant reduction in sciatic pain in both the LPS group (39.1% vs 15.6%, P < 0.001) and RAL group (37.5% vs 25%, P = 0.001), with no differences in terms of outcomes (P = 0.1).ConclusionBoth LPS and RAL result in significant long‐term relief of symptoms associated with SP and SN endometriosis. Although surgeons found that RAL improved the quality of excision of these specific DE localizations, our study did not reveal significant advantages in terms of its outcomes.
Genetic manipulations of nonmodel gut microbes
Authors: Jin Wen‐Bing , Guo Chun‐Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHundreds of microbiota gene expressions are significantly different between healthy and diseased humans. The “bottleneck” preventing a mechanistic dissection of how they affect host biology/disease is that many genes are encoded by nonmodel gut commensals and not genetically manipulatable. Approaches to efficiently identify their gene transfer methodologies and build their gene manipulation tools would enable mechanistic dissections of their impact on host physiology. This paper will introduce a step‐by‐step protocol to identify gene transfer conditions and build the gene manipulation tools for nonmodel gut microbes, focusing on Gram‐negative Bacteroidia and Gram‐positive Clostridia organisms. This protocol enables us to identify gene transfer methods and develop gene manipulation tools without prior knowledge of their genome sequences, by targeting bacterial 16s ribosomal RNAs or expanding their compatible replication origins combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats machinery. Such an efficient and generalizable approach will facilitate functional studies that causally connect gut microbiota genes to host diseases.