bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of the Old and New Lake Suigetsu (Japan) Terrestrial Radiocarbon Calibration Data Sets
Authors: Staff Richard A , Schlolaut Gordon , Ramsey Christopher Bronk , Brock Fiona , Bryant Charlotte L , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , van der Plicht Johannes , Marshall Michael H , Brauer Achim , Lamb Henry F , Payne Rebecca L , Tarasov Pavel E , Haraguchi Tsuyoshi , Gotanda Katsuya , Yonenobu Hitoshi , Yokoyama Yusuke , Nakagawa Takeshi ,   Suigetsu 2006 Project Members
Published: April 2013

The varved sediment profile of Lake Suigetsu, central Japan, offers an ideal opportunity from which to derive a terrestrial record of atmospheric radiocarbon across the entire range of the14C dating method. Previous work by Kitagawa and van der Plicht (1998a,b, 2000) provided such a data set; however, problems with the varve-based age scale of their SG93 sediment core precluded the use of this data set for14C calibration purposes. Lake Suigetsu was re-cored in summer 2006, with the retrieval of overlapping sediment cores from 4 parallel boreholes enabling complete recovery of the sediment profile for the present “Suigetsu Varves 2006” project (Nakagawa et al. 2012). Over 55014C determinations have been obtained from terrestrial plant macrofossils picked from the latter SG06 composite sediment core, which, coupled with the core's independent varve chronology, provides the only non-reservoir-corrected14C calibration data set across the14C dating range.Here, physical matching of archive U-channel sediment from SG93 to the continuous SG06 sediment profile is presented. We show the excellent agreement between the respective projects'14C data sets, allowing the integration of 24314C determinations from the original SG93 project into a composite Lake Suigetsu14C calibration data set comprising 808 individual14C determinations, spanning the last 52,800 cal yr.
Drosophila Nimrod proteins bind bacteria
Authors: Zsámboki János , Csordás Gábor , Honti Viktor , Pintér Lajos , Bajusz Izabella , Galgóczy László , Andó István , Kurucz Éva 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Engulfment of foreign particles by phagocytes is initiated by the engagement of phagocytic receptors. We have previously reported that NimC1 is involved in the phagocytosis of bacteria in Drosophila melanogaster. We have identified a family of genes, the Nimrod gene superfamily, encoding characteristic NIM domain containing structural homologues of NimC1. In this work we studied the bacterium-binding properties of the Nimrod proteins by using a novel immunofluorescencebased flow cytometric assay. This method proved to be highly reproducible and suitable for investigations of the bacteriumbinding capacities of putative phagocytosis receptors. We found that NimC1, NimA, NimB1 and NimB2 bind bacteria significantly but differently. In this respect they are similar to other NIM domain containing receptors Eater and Draper.
Chronic sinusitis pathophysiology: The role of allergy
Authors: Kennedy Joshua L. , Borish Larry 
Published: April 2013

Background Chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHES) is an inflammatory disease characterized by eosinophil infiltration of sinus tissue that can present with and without nasal polyps (NPs). Aeroallergen sensitization in CHES occurs regularly, but the causality between allergen sensitivity, exposure, and disease is unclear. Methods Allergen is unlikely to directly enter healthy sinuses either by diffusion or ciliary flow, and, even this is more problematic given the loss of patency of the ostia of diseased sinuses. Inflammation and tissue eosinophilia can develop secondary to allergen exposure in the nares, with systemic humoral recirculation of allergic cells including eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, and eosinophil precursors that are nonspecifically recruited back to the diseased sinuses. Results The possibility of an allergic reaction to peptides derived from bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus or superantigens) or fungi that colonize the diseased sinus also provides a plausible allergic mechanism. Conclusion Treatments of this disease include agents directed at allergic mediators such as leukotriene modifiers and corticosteroids, although this does not necessarily signify that an IgE-dependent mechanism can be ascribed. However, more recently, omalizumab has shown promise, including in patients without obvious aeroallergen sensitization. Although many aspects of the role of allergy in CHES remain a mystery, the mechanisms that are being elucidated allow for improved understanding of this disease, which ultimately will lead to better treatments for our patients who live daily with this disease.
Relationship between Interests and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older People
Authors: Nakamura-Thomas Hiromi , Kyougoku Makoto 
Published: April 2013

Objective: This study examined the relationship between interest responses and health-related quality of life in 324 healthy older Japanese people. Method: Instruments used in this study included the Japanese Interest Checklist for the Elderly (JICE) containing six factors with 25 activities, and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to test correlations between the three interest parameter scores (interest, current participation and future participation) of the JICE and SF-36v2 scores. Data were analysed for men and women separately to clarify gender-specific differences. Results: Among women, the physical component score in the SF-36v2 correlated significantly and positively with all three interest parameter scores for all factors other than Entertainment Activities in the JICE. Among men, the mental component score in the SF-36v2 correlated significantly and positively with the scores of the three interest parameters for Activities of Daily Living, Pleasurable Outings and Cultural/Educational Activities factors in the JICE. Conclusion: This study identified different correlations between interest responses in activities listed on the JICE and component scores on the SF-36v2 between men and women and demonstrated a new application of interest checklists in the physical domain of the occupational therapy.
A Literature Review of Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Weight Shift Activity, Cost of Pressure Care and Role of the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Stinson May , Gillan Catherine , Porter-Armstrong Alison 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a major concern for those who spend a prolonged period of time sitting. Weight shifts are one prevention strategy used to reduce the risk of tissue damage. Currently, the prevalence of pressure ulcers is high, suggesting that concordance with preventative methods is poor. Occupational therapy focuses on the use of functional activity to promote health and wellbeing. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the role of functional activity in reducing seated interface pressure. Method: A comprehensive search of nine electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, SportDiscus, EMBASE, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and OTDBASE) was conducted between January 2000 and October 2011. Findings: From the 24 articles included in the review, there is limited evidence evaluating the role of functional activity and weight shifts in reducing seated interface pressure. Limited evidence suggests poor concordance with weight shifts, with wheelchair users repositioning on average once every 1–2 hours. The cost of pressure ulcer care is considerable, with an average annual cost of £1.7 billion in the United Kingdom. Occupational therapists have a key preventative role. Conclusion: Further research is needed to explore the role of functional activity and to determine the effectiveness of weight shift activity in reducing seated interface pressure.
Writing for Depression in Health Care
Authors: Cooper Pauline 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: The study concentrates on two models of writing used in community facilities and inpatient settings in mental health: a six-session course of Using Writing as Therapy (UWaT) with a therapist, and Creative Writing (CW) with a non-therapist facilitator. UWaT is a structured, new, brief writing therapy; CW is unstructured use of writing as a creative arts activity. Method: This qualitative study utilised a post-positivist, subtle-realist paradigm, using qualitative methodologies (action research and participant observation) by an occupational therapist to understand and clarify how writing, as a form of emotional disclosure, worked with clients with depression, with flawed identity and low self-esteem. Findings: The findings indicated that UWaT clients reported cognitive changes, an increase in self-knowledge through gaining distance from their stories through writing and benefit from using the page to reorganise or play with memories and experiences. CW clients distanced themselves from painful emotions by writing and expressing their feelings but not discussing emotive content. They experienced a less safe environment, deprivation of positive feedback and problems with ‘writer’ identity. Conclusion: Both writing models have potential benefit for clients with depression and more research is needed to establish fidelity of delivery and results.
Exploring the Utility of a Novel Knowledge Translation Tool for School-Based Occupational Therapists
Authors: Di Rezze Briano , Santesso Nancy , Law Mary 
Published: April 2013

Statement of context: Occupational therapists may have difficulty using evidence from systematic reviews. Critical reflection on practice: The use of Summary of Findings (SoFs) tables of systematic reviews, sent via email, was explored in two focus groups with six occupational therapists at a school-based practice. Descriptive content analysis was used. Summary: Participants voiced typical barriers to the use of evidence and said that SoFs were helpful. They felt that SoFs were easy to use, understandable, and increased awareness of research and gaps. Some reported difficulty understanding statistics. Participants believed that they would think about applying the evidence in future. Key message: SoFs via email to school-based occupational therapists may be a useful format to disseminate evidence.
Morphology of Coronoid Process and Sigmoid Notch in Orthopantomograms of South Indian Population
Authors: Shakya Shrijana , Nagraj Sumanth Kumbagere 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The shape of the coronoid process and sigmoid notch is useful in anthropological studies and forensic dentistry. Literature review shows that the morphological variation in the shape of coronoid process and sigmoid notch may be due to hereditary or functional changes and have a correlation with the mode and degree of the attachment of temporalis muscle.

Materials and methods
In this study the shape of the coronoid process and sigmoid notch were analyzed in 200 orthopantomographs. The coronoid process and sigmoid notch were classified as beak shaped, flat round, triangular and sloping, round and wide respectively. In this study, we have attempted to analyze the prevalence of different shapes of coronoid process and sigmoid notch in the residents of South India. The different shapes of coronoid process and sigmoid notch were compared for sexual dimorphism and difference on either side.

Results
The mean age ± SD of the study population was found to be 35.03 ± 18.37. No significant changes were observed among right and left coronoid process and sigmoid notch, neither was there any changes observed among males and females. Triangular shape coronoid process and the sloping form for sigmoid notch appears to be more common. Variation in the shape according to age was found to be statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
A multicentric study involving various ethnic groups of larger sample size may be undertaken to analyze variations in the morphology of coronoid process and sigmoid notch.

How to cite this article
Shakya S, Ongole R, Nagraj SK. Morphology of Coronoid Process and Sigmoid Notch in Orthopantomograms of South Indian Population. World J Dent 2013;4(1):1-3.
Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Some Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Biochemical Study
Authors: Benjamin Tabita , Aziz Abdul S , Kalekar Madhav G , Suryakar Adinath N , Prakashan Milsee M , Bijle Mohammed Nadeem A 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic periodontitis is the inflammatory disease of the periodontium; the tissue that surround and support the teeth. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare some biochemical oxidative stress markers in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy controls and to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these parameters.Materials and methodsEighty-two chronic periodontitis patients and 120 healthy controls were recruited for the study. The periodontal status was evaluated using gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The biochemical parameters estimated were total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), antioxidant enzymes RBC-superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin C, malondialdehyde (MDA) and Creactive protein (CRP) were also evaluated. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing; SRP) was performed on chronic periodontitis patients and a follow-up was done after 3 months.ResultsThe study suggests that oxidative stress is induced in chronic periodontitis, as the levels of CRP, MDA and RBC-SOD were significantly higher (p < 0.001) and those of TAOC, GPx and vitamin C were significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls at baseline. SRP therapy significantly improved the clinical and biochemical oxidative stress markers in periodontitis patients.ConclusionChronic periodontitis patients show higher inflammatory manifestations and oxidative stress. SRP therapy helps in lowering inflammatory burden and improving systemic oxidant: Antioxidant imbalance. The SRP therapy may be a useful support in the control and prevention of various inflammatory diseases associated with periodontitis.How to cite this articleAziz AS, Kalekar MG, Benjamin T, Suryakar AN, Prakashan MM, Bijle MNA. Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Some Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Biochemical Study. World J Dent 2013;4(1):17-23.
Erosive Effect of Soft Drink and Fresh Fruit Juice on Restorative Materials
Authors: Namineni Srinivas , Maganur Prabhadevi C , Prabhakar Attiguppe R , Satish V , Kurthukoti Ameet 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Aims
To evaluate and compare the effect of a soft drink and a fresh fruit juice on microleakage as well as surface texture of flowable composite (Filtek” Flow 3M Dental products) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Vitremer” 3M Dental products).

Materials and methods
Seventy noncarious human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purpose were collected and stored in saline for microleakage study. The experimental groups comprised of 60 teeth, while the remaining 10 formed the control group. Class V cavities were prepared and restored with RMGIC on the buccal surface and Filtek Flow on the lingual surface for evaluating microleakage. The experimental samples were then divided into two groups (group I: Cola drink and group II: Fresh orange fruit juice) of 30 teeth. Each of this group was further divided into three subgroups (low, medium and high immersion) containing 10 teeth. The control group (group III: Water) contained 10 teeth.
Using a brass mold, 56 pellets were prepared with Filtek” Flow and Vitremer” tri-cure restorative material each for studying surface texture. Again these were divided into experimental group of 48 pellets each and control group of eight pellets each. The experimental samples were then divided into two groups (group I: Cola drink and group II: Fresh orange fruit juice) of 24 pellets of each. Each of this group was further divided into three subgroups (low, medium and high immersion) containing eight pellets each. The control group (group III: Water) contained 16 pellet (eight pellets of each material).
Both the teeth and pellets were subjected to a common immersion regime according to Maupome et al. Microleakage was evaluated by using Rhodamine B dye and surface texture was evaluated prior to immersion and final surface roughness (Ra) after subjecting the pellets to immersion regime.
Statistical analyses used were Chi-square test/Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test and Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA test.

Results and conclusion
The teeth and the pellets showed statistically significant microleakage and surface roughness respectively as the immersion regime increased. Thus, the study conclusively proves that the 'sipping habit’ associated with commonly available low pH beverages, are detrimental to the longevity of restorations.

How to cite this article
Maganur PC, Prabhakar AR, Satish V, Namineni S, Kurthukoti A. Erosive Effect of Soft Drink and Fresh Fruit Juice on Restorative Materials. World J Dent 2013;4(1): 32-40.
Pediatric HIV Infection
Authors: Kaushal Ambrish , Upadhyay Yogesh 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The pathologic hallmark of AIDS is severe immunosuppression; HIV infected infants and children suffer considerable morbidity and mortality. In addition to the catastrophic medical consequences, HIV infected infants and children along with their families suffer tremendous psychological upheaval owing to this chronic, often devastating illness. Because of the complexity and vast clinical spectrum of HIV infection, this article is limited to a general review of the pediatric HIV manifestations and management.

How to cite this article
Kaushal A, Upadhyay Y. Pediatric HIV Infection. World J Dent 2013;4(1):77-79.
Assessing the prevalence and characteristics of hair-plucking behaviour in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Less EH , Kuhar CW , Lukas KE 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNon-human primates occasionally exhibit behaviours thought to occur only in captivity that are considered abnormal. In particular, hair-plucking behaviour occurs across many species of mammals and birds. This study was the first to assess the phenomenology, demography and aetiology of this behaviour in captive gorillas across the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) population. A survey was sent to 52 AZA institutions housing western lowland gorillas. Hair-plucking behaviour occurred in 15% of the surveyed population with 62% of institutions housing a hair plucker. Individuals were most likely to self-pluck using their fingers. Individuals that were exposed as youngsters to a hair-plucking group member were significantly more likely to develop the behaviour themselves. There was also a trend toward solitary individuals being more likely to perform this behaviour. Future research needs include identifying hormonal correlates to this behaviour, understanding its relationship to acute or chronic stressors, and examining what causes this behaviour to fluctuate in frequency once it has developed.
The determinants of the intention to purchase animal welfare-friendly meat products in Spain
Authors: Gracia A 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the intention to purchase animal welfare-friendly meat products and determine the factors explaining this intention. Additionally, a model of the intention to purchase animal welfare-friendly meat products has been developed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This model has been specified as a two-equation multivariate ordered probit model and estimated using data from a survey conducted in Spain in 2008. Results indicate that one of the most important factors associated with the intention to purchase animal welfare-friendly meat products was consumer self-identification with ethical issues. Second, findings suggested that, as the Theory of Planned Behaviour states, other factors related to the intention to purchase these products were attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.
Risk assessment principles in evaluation of animal welfare
Authors: Paton MW , Martin PAJ , Fisher AD 
Published: April 2013

AbstractScience forms a vital part of animal welfare assessment. However, many animal welfare issues are more influenced by public perception and political pressure than they are by science. The discipline of epidemiology has had an important role to play in examining the effects that management, environment and infrastructure have on animal-based measures of welfare. Standard multifactorial analyses have been used to investigate the effects of these various inputs on outcomes such as lameness. Such research has thereby established estimates of the probability of occurrence of these adverse welfare outcomes (AWOs) and given exposure to particular management inputs (welfare challenges). Welfare science has established various measures of the consequences of challenges to welfare. In this paper, a method is proposed for comparing the likely impact of different welfare challenges, incorporating both the probability of AWOs resulting from that welfare challenge, and their impacts or consequences if they do, using risk assessment principles. The rationale of this framework is explained. Its scope lies within a science-based risk assessment framework. This method does not provide objective measures or score of welfare without some context of comparison and does not provide new welfare measures but only provides a framework enabling objective comparison. Possible applications of this method include comparing the effects of specific management inputs, assigning priority to welfare challenges in order to inform allocation of resources for addressing those challenges, and comparisons of the lifetime welfare effects of management inputs or systems. The use of risk assessment methods in the animal welfare field can facilitate objective comparisons of situations that are currently assessed with some level of subjectivity. This methodology will require significant validation to determine its most productive use. The risk assessment approach could have a productive role in advancing quantitative assessment in animal welfare science.
Electromagnetic induction of insensibility in animals: a review
Authors: Small A , McLean D , Owen JS , Ralph J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe prevention of unnecessary suffering at slaughter is considered to be an imperative and, as such, the majority of animals slaughtered under industrial conditions are stunned prior to slaughter by mechanical, electrical or gas inhalation means. However, many Orthodox Jewish and Muslim communities do not accept pre-slaughter stunning. Those Jewish and Muslim communities that do accept pre-slaughter stunning require that any such stun is fully reversible in order to meet the requirements of their religious laws. Head-only electrical stunning is widely used in sheep, as it is a reversible method of stunning, but in cattle, the stun duration can be so short that the animal may regain consciousness during exsanguination. The concept of using electromagnetic radiation to induce insensibility has been proposed. Early attempts to induce insensibility and death in laboratory species were successful, but the technology to apply the technique to larger animals was not available at that time. More recently, however, technological advances have led to new work in the areas of transcranial magnetic stimulation and microwave irradiation, both of which are potential methods of inducing a recoverable stun in larger species.