bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jaw Bone Samples From Bisphosphonate‐Treated Patients: A Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Cardemil Carina , Thomsen Peter , Larsson Wexell Cecilia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe complication of bisphosphonate treatment.PurposeA detailed characterization of sampled peri‐necrotic jawbone from bisphosphonate‐treated patients was performed at tissue and cellular level (histological analyses and gene expression).Materials and MethodsAlveolar bone samples were collected from patients with (n = 5) and without ONJ (n = 5). Healthy patients served as controls (n = 10).ResultsThe histological analysis demonstrated low to moderate inflammation, displaying areas of inflammatory infiltrate in the bone marrow. Multinuclear giant cells and osteoclasts were found in both groups. Markers of bone formation (alkaline phosphatase, Col1a1, and osteocalcin), bone resorption (receptor activator of NF‐kappaB ligand [RANKL], osteoprotegerin [OPG], tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin [IL]‐1β, and IL‐6), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A), and apoptosis (Casp3, Casp8, p53, and Smac) were evaluated. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to identify differences between the groups. In patients with ONJ, the expression level of the proinflammatory marker IL‐1β was strongly up‐regulated compared with controls (p = .040).ConclusionsA down‐regulated expression of Casp8 compared with controls was observed (p = .014) in patients treated with bisphosphonates. The RANKL/OPG ratios were similar in the three groups. The results indicate a need to further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the course of ONJ related to antiresorptive treatment.
Factors affecting discharge destination following lung transplantation
Authors: Tang Min , Mawji Nadir , Chung Samantha , Brijlal Ryan , Lim Sze How Jonathan Ken , Wickerson Lisa , Rozenberg Dmitry , Singer Lianne G. , Mathur Sunita , Janaudis‐Ferreira Tania 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundLung transplant (LT) recipients requiring additional care may be referred to inpatient rehabilitation prior to discharge home. This study seeks to describe discharge destinations following LT, compare the characteristics of patients discharged to different destinations, and identify the predictors of discharge destination.MethodsRetrospective study of 243 LT recipients who survived to hospital discharge between 2006 and 2009. LT recipients were compared based on discharge destination on data pertaining to demographics, clinical characteristics, and healthcare utilization.ResultsOf the 243 recipients, 197 (81%) were discharged home, 42 (17%) to inpatient rehabilitation, and 4 (2%) to other medical facilities. Age, pulmonary diagnosis, most recent six‐minute walk distance (6MWD) prior to transplant, pre‐transplant mechanical ventilation, priority listing status, pre‐ and post‐transplant intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), post‐transplant LOS, total LOS, and participation in pre‐transplant rehabilitation were statistically different between patients that were discharged home versus inpatient rehabilitation. Age, most recent 6MWD prior to transplant, pre‐transplant mechanical ventilation, and total LOS were found to be independent predictors of discharge destination.ConclusionClinical factors can help identify patients more likely to require inpatient rehabilitation. Identification of these factors has the potential to facilitate early discharge planning and optimize continuity of care.
Endoscopic clips for the closure of acute iatrogenic perforations: Where do we stand?
Authors: Yılmaz Bulent , Unlu Ozan , Roach Emir Charles , Can Guray , Efe Cumali , Korkmaz Ugur , Kurt Mevlut 
Published: April 2015

Background and AimIatrogenic perforation of the gut during endoscopy remains an uncommon but critical complication with significant morbidity and probable mortality than usual surgical treatment. Some authors have adopted a non‐surgical closure method in chosen cases and, since 1993, endoclips have been used to close perforation in the stomach. The endoscopic practice of endoclips has been commonly used in the gut for hemostasis. Currently, the use of endoscopic techniques is increasing for the closure of endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopic perforations that improved with endoscopic closure in the literature prior to 2008 have been previously described. In the present article, we present a descriptive review of cases with iatrogenic perforation in the gut treated with endoclips between 2008 and 2014.MethodsComprehensive literature screening and a systematic review using PubMed and Medline was done for all reports published between January 2008 and December 2014 using the endoclip technique in the closure of iatrogenic perforations.ResultsA total of 47 studies published between 2008 and 2014 using endoclips for the closure of iatrogenic perforations of the gut (nine esophagus, 11 stomach, 15 duodenum, 12 colon and rectum) were found. All studies were explained briefly and summarized in a table.ConclusionsThere is strong evidence to show the efficacy of endoclips in the management of iatrogenic perforations, especially when recognized early. Limitations of endoclipping such as inefficiency against large perforations may be overcome by improving novel techniques in the future.
OLGA‐ and OLGIM‐based staging of gastritis using narrow‐band imaging magnifying endoscopy
Authors: Saka Akiko , Yagi Kazuyoshi , Nimura Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

Background and AimAs atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia as a result of Helicobacter pylori are considered risk factors for gastric cancer, it is important to assess their severity. In the West, the operative link for gastritis assessment (OLGA) and operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) staging systems based on biopsy have been widely adopted. In Japan, however, narrow‐band imaging (NBI)‐magnifying endoscopic diagnosis of gastric mucosal inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia has been reported to be fairly accurate. Therefore, we investigated the practicality of NBI‐magnifying endoscopy (NBI‐ME) for gastritis staging.MethodsWe enrolled 55 patients, in whom NBI‐ME was used to score the lesser curvature of the antrum (antrum) and the lesser curvature of the lower body (corpus). The NBI‐ME score classification was established from images obtained beforehand, and then biopsy specimens taken from the observed areas were scored according to histological findings. The NBI‐ME and histology scores were then compared. Furthermore, we assessed the NBI‐ME and histology stages using a combination of scores for the antrum and corpus, and divided the stages into two risk groups: low and high. The degree to which the stage assessed by NBI‐ME approximated that assessed by histology was then ascertained.ResultsDegree of correspondence between the NBI‐ME and histology scores was 69.1% for the antrum and 72.7% for the corpus, and that between the high‐ and low‐risk groups was 89.1%.ConclusionStaging of gastritis using NBI‐ME approximates that based on histology, and would be a practical alternative to the latter.
On the test score gap between Roma and non‐Roma students in Hungary and its potential causes
Authors: Kertesi Gábor , Kézdi Gábor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing unique data from Hungary, the gap in reading and mathematics test scores between Roma and non‐Roma 8th grade students is assessed and a substantial gap between them revealed. Standardized test scores as well as the fraction of students with competences considered inadequate are examined. Regardless of measurement and subject area, the bulk of the gap is explained by social differences in income, wealth and parental education. Using reduced‐form regressions, two major mediating mechanisms are identified: first, on average the home environment of Roma children is less favourable for cognitive development; second, the educational environment of the average Roma student is different from the average non‐Roma student. Comparing students with similar home environments from the same school and class, the ethnic gap in test scores is found to be insignificant. Ethnic differences in the home environment are explained by social disparity, and ethnicity seems to play no additional role in that regard. The unequal distribution of Roma students in schools and classes is found to be explained predominantly by social difference, too, with a significant residual portion, indicating the effect of ethnic segregation.
Diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in photosensitive juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: von Podewils F. , Runge U. , Krüger S. , Geithner J. , Wang Z. I. , Khaw A. V. , Angermaier A. , Gaida B. , Domin M. , Kessler C. , Langner S. 
Published: April 2015

Background and purposeMultiple structural white matter abnormalities have been described in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). In the present study, the question of whether microstructural variations exist between the two subgroups ofJME, with and without photoparoxysmal responses (PPRpositive and negative), was addressed using diffusion tensor imaging.MethodsA selection of 18 patients (eightPPRpositive) from a tertiary epilepsy center diagnosed withJMEand 27 healthy controls was studied. The following regions of interest were investigated: the ascending reticular activating system, lateral geniculate nucleus, genu of the internal capsule, ventromedial thalamus and inferior cerebellar peduncle.ResultsWidespread white matter microstructural abnormalities inJMEand in particular inPPRpositive cases were identified.PPRpositive patients demonstrated increased fractional anisotropy in the ascending reticular activating system and ventromedial thalamus compared toPPRnegative patients and healthy controls. Reduced fractional anisotropy of the lateral geniculate nucleus was observed in the entireJMEgroup compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsSeveral microstructural variations betweenPPRpositive and negativeJMEpatients have been identified. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of the thalamus in the pathophysiology of primary generalized seizures and suggest that thalamo‐premotor connections are both an essential part of epileptic networks and important in the pathogenesis of photosensitivity.
Determination of vertebral range of motion using inertial measurement units in 27 Franches‐Montagnes stallions and comparison between conditions and with a mixed population
Authors: Heim C. , Pfau T. , Gerber V. , Schweizer C. , Doherr M. , Schüpbach‐Regula G. , Witte S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe diagnosis of equine back disorders is challenging. Objectively determining movement of the vertebral column may therefore be of value in a clinical setting.ObjectivesTo establish whether surface‐mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) can be used to establish normal values for range of motion (ROM) of the vertebral column in a uniform population of horses trotting under different conditions.Study designVertebralROMwas established in Franches‐Montagnes stallions and a general population of horses and the variability in measurements compared between the two groups. Repeatability and the influence of specific exercise condition (onROM) were assessed. Finally, attempts were made to explain the findings of the study through the evaluation of factors that might influenceROM.MethodsDorsoventral (DV) and mediolateral (ML) vertebralROMwas measured at a trot under different exercise conditions in 27 Franches‐Montagnes stallions and six general population horses usingIMUs distributed over the vertebral column.ResultsVariability in theROMmeasurements was significantly higher for general population horses than for Franches‐Montagnes stallions (bothDVandML ROM). Repeatability was strong to very strong forDVmeasurements and moderate forMLmeasurements. Trotting under saddle significantly reduced theROM, with sitting trot resulting in a significantly lowerROMthan rising trot. Age is unlikely to explain the low variability in vertebralROMrecorded in the Franches‐Montagnes horses, while this may be associated with conformational factors.ConclusionsIt was possible to establish a normal vertebralROMfor a group of Franches‐Montagnes stallions. While within‐breed variation was low in this population, further studies are necessary to determine variation in vertebralROMfor other breeds and to assess their utility for diagnosis of equine back disorders.
The weakness of evidence supporting tropical niche conservatism as a main driver of current richness–temperature gradients
Authors: Boucher‐Lalonde Véronique , De Camargo Rafael Xavier , Fortin Jean‐Michel , Khair Shahira , So Rachel I. , Vázquez Rivera Héctor , Watson Dale , Zuloaga Juan , Currie David J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimGeographical variations in species richness are highly correlated with current temperature. The tropical niche conservatism hypothesis proposes that this relationship is driven by the evolutionarily conserved ancestral tolerances of species to the warm environments in which most clades originated. The hypothesis predicts that the slope of the richness–temperature gradient is positively related to the temperature of the period during which the clade originated. Here, we test this prediction for bird and mammal families in the Americas and by revisiting a global analysis of 343 groups of organisms (Romdal et al., 2013, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 344–350).LocationThe Americas and world‐wide.MethodsWe computed the slope of the species richness–current temperature relationship within each bird and mammal family in the Americas. We used palaeoclimate reconstructions to estimate temperature at the time of the family's origination, taken from the fossil record. We then tested how much of the among‐family variance in the richness–temperature slope could be explained by the temperature at the time of family origination. We repeated this test for the 343 groups of organisms world‐wide.ResultsContrary to the prediction of tropical niche conservatism, the temperature at which bird and mammal families originated does not explain variations in the richness–temperature relationships. Similarly, we show that, although the predicted relationship was statistically detected in a broad range of groups of organisms in a previous study, it in fact statistically explains only 1.2–2.9% of the variance among groups in the slope of richness gradients.Main conclusionsWe found evidence inconsistent with the hypothesis that tropical niche conservatism is the main mechanism underlying the ubiquitous richness–climate relationship.
Technical Change and the Un/Troubling of Gendered Ageing in Healthcare Work
Authors: Halford Susan , Kukarenko Natalia , Lotherington Ann Therese , Obstfelder Aud 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhilst recent years have seen increasing pressure to extend the participation of older people in the labour market, it is clear that there remain significant challenges in achieving this and that these take specifically gendered forms. This paper explores if and how these might be shaped in intra‐action with the rapid pace of technological change linked to the pervasive spread of digital technologies in the workplace. We take our theoretical lead from critical gerontology, feminist accounts of inter‐sectionality and Science & Technology Studies, which together insist on an anti‐essentialist and performative account of gendered ageing that focuses on everyday practices and the conditions that shape these in particular spaces, places and times. Our empirical focus is on healthcare work, where we find that gendered ageing appears in more or less troubled relations to the increasingly technological practices of medicine and nursing. We conclude with a discussion exploring the implications of our theoretical perspective and empirical findings.
Experimental study on the role of intra‐articular injection of MSCs on cartilage regeneration in haemophilia
Authors: Ravanbod R. , Torkaman G. , Mophid M. , Mohammadali F. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a field in progress in cartilage repair strategies. We tried to investigate the functional properties of the joint and cartilage in experimental haemarthrosis (EH) after MSCs intra‐articular (IA) injection. One millilitre of fresh autologous blood was injected twice a week for three consecutive weeks in three groups including control haemophilia 10 days (n = 8), control haemophilia 38 days (n = 8) and MSCs (n = 8) group. In later, 10 days after the end of IA blood injections, MSCs IA injection was performed. Eight animals received no treatment as the normal control group. Thirty‐eight days after the end of IA blood injections, animals were sacrificed. Joint friction and stress‐relaxation tests were done, inflammatory cytokines of synovial membrane and scanning electron microscopy of the cartilage assessed. Joint friction decreased in MSCs in comparison to other groups and was significant with normal control group, (P = 0.011). The mechanical properties of cartilage showed no significant differences between groups. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta decreased and IL‐4 very slightly increased in MSCs in comparison to the time‐matched control group. Scanning electron microscopy enabled acquisition of good structural properties of the surface and layers of the cartilage after MSCs injection. The hole induced in the medial plateau of the tibia bones, after inducing haemarthrosis, were covered with cartilage‐like structure. The results showed that MSCs IA injection has some beneficial effects on cartilage structure and function in haemarthrosis model and is promising in patients with haemophilia.
Association between Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Recurrent Stroke Risk in Patients with Different Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhao Lu , Wang Ruihao , Song Bo , Tan Song , Gao Yuan , Fang Hui , Lu Jie , Xu Yuming 
Published: April 2015

Background The association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and stroke recurrence remains unclear, and may be influenced by different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Aims We aimed to investigate whether atherogenic dyslipidemia contributed to stroke recurrence in ischemic stroke patients and in those with certain subtypes of ischemic stroke. Methods We conducted a prospective hospital-based study enrolling patients with acute ischemic stroke. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was defined as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl and triglycerides ≥200 mg/dl. Ischemic stroke subtypes were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. The patients were followed up at 3, 6,12 and 24 months after stroke onset. The association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and stroke recurrence was analyzed by using multivariable Cox regression model. Results In the 510 ischemic stroke patients, 64 patients (12·5%) had atherogenic dyslipidemia, and 66 patients (12·9%) experienced stroke recurrence events within 24 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that stroke recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia than those without in all the stroke patients (20·3% vs. 11·9%; P = 0·048), and more evident in those of large-artery atherosclerosis subtype (31·0% vs. 14·1%; P = 0·014), but not in the other subtypes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that atherogenic dyslipidemia was associated with higher stroke recurrence risk among stroke patients of large-artery atherosclerosis subtype (hazard ratio, 2·79; 95% confidence interval, 1·24–6·28), but not significant in all the stroke patients (hazard ratio, 1·69; 95% confidence interval, 0·85–3·37). Conclusions Atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated with higher risk of stroke recurrence in ischemic stroke patients. Such association might be more pronounced in large-artery atherosclerosis subtype and needs further investigation to establish such relationship.
Every 15-Min Delay in Recanalization by Intra-Arterial Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Increases Risk of Poor Outcome
Authors: He Anna H. , Churilov Leonid , Mitchell Peter J. , Dowling Richard J. , Yan Bernard 
Published: April 2015

Background Intra-arterial therapy has improved recanalization rates compared with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke; however, superior clinical efficacy has not been convincingly demonstrated. Time to recanalization is postulated as a mechanism hindering the efficacy of intra-arterial therapy. Aim To investigate the effects of time to recanalization on clinical outcome postintra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Methods Clinical data were collected prospectively for consecutive patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke at a single center between 2009 and 2013. Ninety-day functional outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale. Univariate analyses identified candidate clinical variables for inclusion in the multivariable model; multivariable logistic regression analyses identified variables independently associated with good outcome, defined as modified Rankin scale 0–2. Results One hundred and seven patients were included in the analysis. Median (interquartile range) age was 67 (54–77) years, 41 (38%) were female, and median (interquartile range) baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Severity score was 18 (13–22). Median time from symptom onset to recanalization was 330 min (interquartile range 277–397). Fifty-four (50%) patients achieved a favorable modified Rankin scale at 90 days. Age, successful recanalization, and time to recanalization were independently associated with good outcome at 90 days in multivariable logistic regression analysis. For every 15 min delay in recanalization, the odds of good outcome decreased by 10%. Conclusions Longer time to recanalization was associated with poorer functional outcome post intra-arterial therapy. We recommend that a systematic approach to minimize time delay to treatment is warranted in intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Does the Clock Drawing Test Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Persons Independent of the Mini‐Mental State Examination?
Authors: Ferrucci Luigi , Cecchi Francesca , Guralnik Jack M. , Giampaoli Simona , Noce Cinzia Lo , Salani Bernardo , Bandinelli Stefania , Baroni Alberto ,   FINE Study Group
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) in predicting cognitive deterioration over a 4‐year period, independent of baseline cognitive status evaluated by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE).DESIGN: A preplanned analysis of data collected during the second (1991) and the third (1995) follow‐up of the Italian rural cohorts of the FINE Study (Finland, Italy, the Netherlands Elderly).SUBJECTS: Of the 427 men (mean age 77.6 ± 4.1 years; range 72–90 years) interviewed in 1991, 264 survived and were reinterviewed in 1995. The study population included 247 persons who were interviewed and received a complete cognitive evaluation in both 1991 and in 1995.MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive assessment in 1991 included the MMSE, the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and the CDT. The CDT was classified as normal or pathological, based on previously established criteria. The MMSE and the DRS were repeated in 1995.RESULTS: Independent of age and baseline MMSE score, subjects with pathological CDT compared with normal CDT had lower MMSE scores at follow‐up (P < .01). These results were also confirmed by evaluating cognitive decline through its impact on change over time in daily life autonomy, as measured by the DRS (P < .01). Among persons scoring more than 21 on the MMSE, compared with persons with a normal CDT, those with pathological CDT performance were 5.4 (95%CI: 2.1–14.2) and 5.5 (95%CI: 1.6–19.6) times more likely to have a MMSE score below 21 and 18, respectively, 4 years later, independent of age and baseline MMSE score.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the CDT identifies older persons at high risk of cognitive decline and adds prognostic information that supplements the standard MMSE test. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:1326–1331, 1996.