bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cr and Mo doping on the electrochemical properties of freeze-dried LiCoO2
Authors: Büyükburç Atıl , Aydinol Mehmet Kadri 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this study, LiCoO2 is doped with 2 mol.% Cr and Mo in order to determine the effect of these elements on the electrochemical performance. Precursors are synthesized by means of freeze drying. Calcination is applied at 750 °C for 24 h. Doping content and calcination temperature as well as duration are very important for producing impurity-free layered LiCoO2. If the doping content is larger than 2 mol.% or when the calcination temperature is decreased to 550 °C, impurity phases are seen. As a result, the sample doped with 2 mol.% Cr has better high charge and discharge rate capability, and cycleability, but discharge capacity is slightly lowered when compared to the undoped sample. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results show that surface film resistances of Cr-doped samples are lower than that of the undoped sample.
Tribological behavior of Fe3Al-60 wt.% Fe3AlC0.5 composite under air and vacuum conditions
Authors: Kang Yonghai , Hao Junying , Qiao Zhuhui , Fu Licai , Liu Weimin , Yang Jun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The tribological behavior of Fe3Al composite with 60 wt.% Fe3AlC0.5 under air and vacuum was studied. The composite exhibited a lower wear rate but somewhat higher friction coefficient under air than vacuum. The wear rates increased and the friction coefficients decreased with increasing the applied load under both conditions. The sub-layer of the worn surface under vacuum suffered from severe plastic deformation. This was not the case under air due to protection by surface oxide films. The dominant wear mechanisms were plastic deformation and adhesion under vacuum and oxidative wear and slight delamination under air.
Casting process optimization of a bimetal wear-resistant block using liquid–solid processing
Authors: Zhi Xiaohu , Han Yanjun , Liu Jinzhi , Zhao Meng , Ma Shengqiang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The casting process design and production process of a bimetal wear-resistant block using liquid–solid processing are introduced in this paper. The mold-filling and solidification stages of the casting were numerically analyzed and optimized using ProCAST software. By modifying the original process, the shrinkage cavity at the top of the casting was eliminated and a good quality casting was obtained. The results of ultrasonic non-destructive inspection and a cut-open-check indicated that there was no shrinkage cavity in castings produced according to the modified casting process. The cut-open-check and practical applications also indicated that the bond between the matrix and wear-resistant part was very reliable.
Phase equilibria studies of the “MnO”–Al2O3–SiO2 system in equilibrium with metallic alloy. Part 1: Development of the technique and determination of liquidus isotherms between 1 423 K and 1 523 K
Authors: Haccuria Elien , Hayes Peter C. , Jak Evgueni 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Phase equilibria in the “MnO”–Al2O3–SiO2 pseudo-ternary system in equilibrium with metallic alloy have been experimentally investigated in the temperature range from 1 423 K to 1 523 K. This study is a part of a broader research program on the phase equilibria in the Al2O3–CaO–Li2O–“MnO”–SiO2 system, which is of importance to the slags used in a novel pyrometallurgical process for recycling of electric car batteries. The experimental procedures involve equilibration of high purity powder mixtures at high temperatures, rapid quenching, and accurate measurement of phase compositions using electron probe X-ray microanalysis, which allow the slag liquidus temperatures to be determined. This paper is part 1 of a series of two papers and focuses on the improvement of the experimental methodology. A number of elementary reactions taking place in the samples have been identified, including the formation of a tridymite ring around the alloy particles, manganese oxidation and manganese vaporization. This enabled relevant modifications to the experimental methodology to be introduced. The liquidus at 1 423 K, 1 473 K and 1 523 K in the high silica area and the solid solubility data in the tridymite and rhodonite phases have been reported.
Value-based neurosurgery: measuring and reducing the cost of microvascular decompression surgery
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Upadhyaya Pooja , Buxey Farzad , Martin Neil A. 
Published: July 2014

Object
Care providers have put significant effort into optimizing patient safety and quality of care. Value, defined as meaningful outcomes achieved per dollar spent, is emerging as a promising framework to redesign health care. Scarce data exist regarding cost measurement and containment for episodes of neurosurgical care. The authors assessed how cost measurement and strategic containment could be used to optimize the value of delivered care after the implementation and maturation of quality improvement initiatives.

Methods
A retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing microvascular decompression was performed. Group 1 comprised patients treated prior to the implementation of quality improvement interventions, and Group 2 consisted of those treated after the implementation and maturation of quality improvement processes. A third group, Group 3, represented a contemporary group studied after the implementation of cost containment interventions targeting the three most expensive activities: pre-incision time in the operating room (OR) and total OR time, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM), and bed assignment (and overall length of stay [LOS]). The value of care was assessed for all three groups.

Results
Forty-four patients were included in the study. Average preparation time pre-incision decreased from 73 to 65 to 45 minutes in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average total OR time and OR cost were 434 minutes and $8513 in Group 1; 348 minutes and $7592 in Group 2; and 407 minutes and $8333 in Group 3. The average cost for IOM, excluding electrode needles, was $1557, $1585, and $1263, respectively, in Groups 1, 2, and 3. Average total cost for bed assignment was $5747, $5198, and $4535, respectively, in Groups 1, 2, and 3. The average total LOS decreased from 3.16 days in Group 1 to 2.14 days in Group 3. Complete relief of or a significant decrease in preoperative symptomatology was achieved in 42 of the 44 patients, respectively. Overall, the average cost of a surgical care episode (index hospitalization + readmission/reoperation) decreased 25% from Group 1 to 3.

Conclusions
Linking cost-containment and cost-reduction strategies to ongoing outcome improvement measures is an important step toward the optimization of value-based delivery of care.
Magnetoencephalography helps delineate the extent of the epileptogenic zone for surgical planning in children with intractable epilepsy due to porencephalic cyst/encephalomalacia
Authors: Bennett-Back Odeya , Ochi Ayako , Widjaja Elysa , Nambu Shohei , Kamiya Akio , Go Cristina , Chuang Sylvester , Rutka James T. , Drake James , Snead O. Carter , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

Object
Porencephalic cyst/encephalomalacia (PC/E) is a brain lesion caused by ischemic insult or hemorrhage. The authors evaluated magnetoencephalography (MEG) spike sources (MEGSS) to localize the epileptogenic zone in children with intractable epilepsy secondary to PC/E.

Methods
The authors retrospectively studied 13 children with intractable epilepsy secondary to PC/E (5 girls and 8 boys, age range 1.8–15 years), who underwent prolonged scalp video-electroencephalography (EEG), MRI, and MEG. Interictal MEGSS locations were compared with the ictal and interictal zones as determined from scalp video-EEG.

Results
Magnetic resonance imaging showed PC/E in extratemporal lobes in 3 patients, within the temporal lobe in 2 patients, and in both temporal and extratemporal lobes in 8 patients. Magnetoencephalographic spike sources were asymmetrically clustered at the margin of PC/E in all 13 patients. One cluster of MEGSS was observed in 11 patients, 2 clusters in 1 patient, and 3 clusters in 1 patient. Ictal EEG discharges were lateralized and concordant with MEGSS in 8 patients (62%). Interictal EEG discharges were lateralized and concordant with MEGSS hemisphere in 9 patients (69%). Seven patients underwent lesionectomy in addition to MEGSS clusterectomy with (2 patients) and without (5 patients) intracranial video-EEG. Temporal lobectomy was performed in 1 patient and hemispherectomy in another. Eight of 9 patients achieved seizure freedom following surgery.

Conclusions
Magnetoencephalography delineated the extent of the epileptogenic zone adjacent to PC/E in patients with intractable epilepsy. Complete resection of the MEGSS cluster along with PC/E can provide favorable seizure outcomes.
A retrospective study of iliac crest bone grafting techniques with allograft reconstruction: do patients even know which iliac crest was harvested?
Authors: Pirris Stephen M. , Nottmeier Eric W. , Kimes Sherri , O'Brien Michael , Rahmathulla Gazanfar 
Published: July 2014

Object
Considerable biological research has been performed to aid bone healing in conjunction with lumbar fusion surgery. Iliac crest autograft is often considered the gold standard because it has the vital properties of being osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. However, graft site pain has been widely reported as the most common donor site morbidity. Autograft site pain has led many companies to develop an abundance of bone graft extenders, which have limited proof of efficacy. During the surgical consent process, many patients ask surgeons to avoid harvesting autograft because of the reported pain complications. The authors sought to study postoperative graft site pain by simply asking patients whether they knew which iliac crest was grafted when a single skin incision was made for the fusion operation.

Methods
Twenty-five patients underwent iliac crest autografting with allograft reconstruction during instrumented lumbar fusion surgery. In all patients the autograft was harvested through the same skin incision but with a separate fascial incision. At various points postoperatively, the patients were asked if they could tell which iliac crest had been harvested, and if so, how much pain did it cause (10-point Numeric Rating Scale).

Results
Most patients (64%) could not correctly determine which iliac crest had been harvested. Of the 9 patients who correctly identified the side of the autograft, 7 were only able to guess. The 2 patients who confidently identified the side of grafting had no pain at rest and mild pain with activity. One patient who incorrectly guessed the side of autografting did have significant sacroiliac joint degenerative pain bilaterally.

Conclusions
Results of this study indicate the inability of patients to clearly define their graft site after iliac crest autograft harvest with allograft reconstruction of the bony defect unless they have a separate skin incision. This simple, easily reproducible pilot study can be expanded into a larger, multiinstitutional investigation to provide more definitive answers regarding the ideal, safe, and cost-effective bone graft material to be used in spinal fusions.
Manger la mariée
Authors: Puccio Deborah 
Published: July 2014

L’analyse de la préparation rituelle d’une tarte nuptiale dans un village des Hautes Pyrénées Espagnoles, San Juan de Plan, amène l’auteur à révéler l’association établie localement entre le gâteau des noces et le corps de la mariée. Leur équivalence permet de manipuler le second par le truchement du premier et de lui faire subir une série de transformations qui rendent la jeune fille socialement mariable et sexuellement « consommable ». Ce qui ne va pas sans véhiculer un sens de mort. Toutefois, dans cette société « traditionnelle », le vécu individuel fait place à une théâtralisation collective du deuil qui accompagne le mariage et sa consommation.
Comparison of the Visual Results After SMILE and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Lin Fangyu , Xu Yesheng , Yang Yabo 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To perform a comparative clinical analysis of the safety, efficacy, and predictability of two surgical procedures (ie, small incision lenticule extraction [SMILE] and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK [FS-LASIK]) to correct myopia.

METHODS:
Sixty eyes of 31 patients with a mean spherical equivalent of −5.13 ± 1.75 diopters underwent myopia correction with the SMILE procedure. Fifty-one eyes of 27 patients with a mean spherical equivalent of −5.58 ± 2.41 diopters were treated with the FS-LASIK procedure. Postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, and higher-order aberrations were analyzed statistically at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences were found at 1 and 3 months in parameters that included the percentage of eyes with an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better (
P
= .556, .920) and mean spherical equivalent refraction (
P
= .055, .335). At 1 month, 4 SMILE-treated eyes and 1 FS-LASIK–treated eye lost one or more line of visual acuity (
P
= .214, chi-square test). At 3 months, 2 SMILE-treated eyes lost one or more line of visual acuity, whereas all FS-LASIK–treated eyes had an unchanged or corrected distance visual acuity. Higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration were significantly lower in the SMILE group than the FS-LASIK group at 1 (
P
= .007, .000) and 3 (
P
= .006, .000) months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
SMILE and FS-LASIK are safe, effective, and predictable surgical procedures to treat myopia. SMILE has a lower induction rate of higher-order aberrations and spherical aberration than the FS-LASIK procedure.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):248–254.]
Non-topography–guided Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Correction of Residual Mild Refractive Errors After ICRS Implantation and CXL in Keratoconus
Authors: Dirani Ali , Fadlallah Ali , Syed Zeba A. , Chelala Elias , Khoueir Ziad , Cherfan George , Jarade Elias 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of non-topography–guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the treatment of residual mild refractive errors 6 months after sequential intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation and corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in stable keratoconus.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included 17 eyes of 14 patients with mild to moderate keratoconus. The ICRS implantation and CXL were performed sequentially with a 4-week interval and non-topography–guided PRK was performed at least 6 months after CXL. Data were collected preoperatively and at the 6-month follow-up visits.

RESULTS:

ICRS implantation and CXL induced a significant decrease in keratometry and refraction and an increase in visual acuity. At the 6-month follow-up after ICRS implantation and CXL, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) significantly improved from 1.17 ± 0.38 and 0.44 ± 0.09 logMAR preoperatively to 0.45 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.08 logMAR (
P
= .001) postoperatively, respectively. The mean spherical error decreased from −5.45 ± 1.64 to −2.57 ± 1.15 D (
P
= .01) and the mean cylinder from 3.86 ± 1.15 to 2.13 ± 1.11 D (
P
= .01). At the 6-month follow-up after PRK, UDVA significantly improved to 0.18 ± 0.06 logMAR and CDVA was 0.15 ± 0.05 logMAR. The mean spherical error and mean cylinder significantly decreased to −1.10 ± 0.41 D (
P
= .02) and 0.98 ± 0.37 D (
P
= .046), respectively. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
At the 6-month follow-up, non-topography–guided PRK after ICRS implantation and CXL was found to be an effective and safe option for correcting residual refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with moderate keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):266–271.]
Simultaneous Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy and Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Plaka Argyro D. , Tsoulnaras Konstantinos I. , Kankariya Vardhaman P. , Shehadeh Mohammad M. , Pallikaris Ioannis G. 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To present the results after simultaneous conventional photorefractive keratectomy combined with corneal collagen cross-linking for pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.

METHODS:
In this prospective, interventional case series, 6 patients (8 eyes) with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration were enrolled. All patients underwent simultaneous conventional photorefractive keratectomy combined with corneal collagen cross-linking; corneal epithelium was removed by transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy during treatment (Cretan protocol plus conventional photorefractive keratectomy). Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated along with endothelial cell density preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. LogMAR mean uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly from 1.05 ± 0.33 preoperatively to 0.41 ± 0.27 (
P
= .018) at 12 months postoperatively. Mean corrected distance visual acuity did not change significantly (
P
> .05) postoperatively. Mean spherical equivalent improved significantly from −3.52 ± 2.29 diopters preoperatively to −1.57 ± 1.76 diopters (
P
= .028) at last follow-up. Mean corneal astigmatism was significantly reduced from −6.83 ± 2.33 diopters preoperatively to −4.71 ± 1.89 diopters (
P
= .018) at the last follow-up. No endothelial cell density alterations were observed throughout the follow-up period (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Simultaneous conventional photorefractive keratectomy combined with corneal collagen cross-linking seems to be an effective, safe, and promising treatment for the management of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):272–276.]
Femtosecond Laser-Induced Macular Changes and Anterior Segment Inflammation in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Hengerer Fritz H. , Juburi Mayss Al , Schultz Tim , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with standard phacoemulsification concerning the incidence of postoperative clinical or subclinical macular edema and the correlation between macular thickness and postoperative intraocular inflammation values.

METHODS:
One hundred four eyes of 104 patients were treated by laser-assisted cataract surgery and the fellow 104 eyes underwent phacoemulsification using pulsed ultrasound energy and intraocular lens implantation in this prospective randomized study. Laser flare photometry was measured preoperatively and at 2 hours, 3 to 4 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

Two hundred two eyes (97%) were included and analyzed at 6 months postoperatively. The mean center thickness in the laser group was 210 ± 24
μ
m at 4 days postoperatively, 214 ± 22
μ
m at 1 month postoperatively, 219 ± 20
μ
m at 3 months postoperatively, and 215 ± 22
μ
m at 6 months postoperatively. The mean center thickness in the standard group was 211 ± 32
μ
m at 4 days postoperatively, 210 ± 34
μ
m at 1 month postoperatively, 217 ± 29
μ
m at 3 months postoperatively, and 209 ± 30
μ
m at 6 months postoperatively. Laser flare photometry showed higher levels in the standard group at the first postoperative visit 2 hours after surgery compared with the laser group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery did not obviously influence the incidence of postoperative macular edema.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):222–226.]
High Order Difference Schemes for a Time Fractional Differential Equation with Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Vong Seakweng , Wang Zhibo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA compact finite difference scheme is derived for a time fractional differential equation subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The proposed scheme is second-order accurate in time and fourth-order accurate in space. In addition, a high order alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is also constructed for the two-dimensional case. The stability and convergence of the schemes are analysed using their matrix forms.
Urban Divestment, Rural Decline and the Politics of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Thorpe Rebecca 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article draws from several distinct scholarly literatures to outline a new framework emphasizing the spatial dimensions of mass incarceration in postwar American society. First, the analysis re-contextualizes the nation's vast prison expansion in light of disinvestment and destabilization in black urban neighborhoods during the immediate postwar decades. Second, the paper recasts the geographic shift toward prison development in economically depressed, rural areas as an opportunistic, but ultimately ineffective, attempt to counter rural poverty. The result is a prison apparatus that not only criminalizes urban poverty and upholds racial hierarchies but also links the perceived economic stability and political power of lower-class, rural whites to the continued penal confinement of poor, urban blacks.
Penal Populism and the Folly of “Doing Good by Stealth”
Authors: Green David A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article evaluates what Drakeford and Vanstone (2000) have called “doing good by stealth”—the quiet embrace of progressive penal policies, often twinned with contradictorily punitive rhetoric—in order to critically examine both the motives of policymakers under the pressures exerted by the “penal populism calculus” and the consequences for penal policymaking processes and outcomes. It offers a typological model of penal policymaking strategies and outcomes based on two polar dimensions: covert (quiet) vs. transparent (loud), and fair/effective (high-roading) vs. unfair/ineffective (low-roading). It provides examples of each strategy, examines the arguments for and against each one, and proposes alternative ways to achieve the legitimation goals of penal populism, informed by theories of public deliberation and participatory democracy.
Políticas de Formação de Professores em conflito com o currículo:Estágio Supervisionado e PIBID
Authors: Jardilino Jose Rubens Lima 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644412068 No quadro das políticas de governo destinadas a formação de professores este artigo tem como objetivo compreender as relações entre ao Estágio Curricular e o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) ambos realizados na Escola. A reflexão é fruto do processo de observação e etnografia no campo e entrevistas com os trabalhadores da educação que atuam nas unidades escolares onde se desenvolvem estágio e PIBID. As conclusões de pesquisa apontam para uma tênue relação, por vezes conflituosa, entre o componente curricular e o programa de governo, uma vez que ambos possuem similitudes, apresentam propósitos diferenciados, separados por objetivos, legislação e financiamentos distintos. Percebe-se uma sobreposição destas duas atividades que se realizam no interior da Escola.
Opciones educativas culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la implementación de los derechos lingüísticos
Authors: Behares Luis Ernesto 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413915 Este trabajo analiza algunas cuestiones teóricas vinculadas a la instrumentalización de los derechos lingüísticos en contextos educativos. En particular, discute las relaciones entre las pedagogías culturalmente sensibles a la diversidad y la instrumentación escolar de derechos lingüísticos de niños y comunidades. Se estudian las tendencias de instrumentación política ligadas a los conceptos de tolerancia, promoción y herencia.