bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the economic crisis on income inequality among farm households
Authors: Chang Hung‐Hao 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of the 2008 economic crisis on the change in income inequality among farm households using the micro‐level data. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachUsing a national household survey data in Taiwan in 2007 and 2009, the paper applies the Gini decomposition method for income inequality.FindingsResults of a decomposition method indicate that the Gini coefficients decrease for farm households, and that the effects are more pronounced among the full‐time farms. The reduction in the overall income inequality is due to the decreased farm income and off‐farm wage salaries, as well as the increased government payments.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough these findings are interesting and useful, some caveats still remain. First, the analysis can only reveal the short‐term effect of the economic crisis. The long‐term effect could be different. In addition, the paper does not further address whether the impacts may differ for households with different socio‐demographic characteristics of the household members and household characteristics. More detailed information on each household member is required to address this issue. This issue is beyond the scope of the current study and is left for further investigation.Originality/valueNumerous studies have examined the impact of 2008 economic crisis on the general economy, however, little is known about the effect among farmers. This study is among the first to assess the impacts of financial crisis on income inequality between farm and nonfarm households.
A review of internet marketing research over the past 20 years and future research direction
Authors: Pomirleanu Nadia , Schibrowsky John A. , Peltier James , Nill Alexander 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe 20‐year review of marketing and selected business journals examines the internet marketing literature to determine how the literature has evolved in terms of quantity, content, and publication outlets. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the internet marketing literature. It offers a big picture view of the current state of the internet marketing literature and gives readers a sense of the quantity of internet marketing articles published, the scope of this research, and how this research has evolved in terms of content.Design/methodology/approachConsistent with Schibrowsky et al., a content analysis was performed on 1,957 internet‐related marketing articles identified by searching the business source premier database. The paper reviews the internet marketing literature that has been published in the time period 2005‐2012 in marketing journals.FindingsThe study revealed that 68.5 percent of the internet marketing research had been published in the last eight years. The findings suggest the number of internet marketing articles finding their way into the top marketing journals has increased, and that there is a wider array of journals publishing internet marketing articles. Areas of research that maintained high interest included consumer behavior, internet strategy, and internet communications; new areas included social media and networks. Three major research areas are likely to grow in the next few years: mobile internet, social media and networks, as well as internet analytics.Practical implicationsThe paper reviews the internet marketing literature that has been published in the time period 2005‐2012 in marketing journals.Originality/valueThe study provides both academics and practitioners with an updated review of the internet marketing literature along with a sense of how internet marketing research is evolving. This review provides marketing academics and practitioners a macro overview of the topics and placement of articles that compose the internet marketing literature. It is an extension of Schibrowsky et al.
Evaluation of environmental impacts using backpropagation neural network
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena , Krivokapic Zdravko , Vujovic Aleksandar 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this present study is to find a scientific method for the evaluation of environmental impacts according to the requirement 4.3.1.Design/methodology/approachTo realize the objectives, the authors worked with a representative sample from certified ISO 14001 organizations. The data aim to identify and evaluate (according to the organization's methodology) significant environmental impacts. In this study, the authors created two models for the evaluation of environmental impacts based on an artificial neural network applied in the pilot organization and compared the results obtained from these models with those obtained by applying an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. AHP is part of an multi‐criteria decision making method and provides good multi‐criteria support for decision making for problems that can be structured hierarchically.FindingsThis paper presents a new approach that uses a backpropagation neural network to evaluate environmental impacts regardless of the organization type.Originality/valueThis paper presents a unique approach for the reliable and objective evaluation of environmental impacts.
Forgotten effects of corporate social and environmental responsibility
Authors: Vizuete Luciano Emili , Gil‐Lafuente Anna Maria , García González Ana , Boria‐Reverter Sefa 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a model that illustrated how influences are interpreted and then shaped by an economy into its commitment towards corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER).Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers this question: is this possible to find some first and second effects about CSER in 24 sectors of Catalonian economy?FindingsThe analytical model is used in order to develop a conceptual model to explain the forgotten effects or CSER in Catalonia, Spain.Originality/valueThis paper applies the theory of the forgotten effects with the analysis of the causes or external elements to the Catalonian economy and of the effects or reflections that it produces in the sustainability.
A theoretical study on terrestrial gravimetric data refinement by Earth gravity models
Authors: Eshagh Mehdi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe idea of this paper is to present estimators for combining terrestrial gravity data with Earth gravity models and produce a high‐quality source of the Earth's gravity field data through all wavelengths. To do so, integral and point‐wise estimators are mathematically developed, based on the spectral combination theory, in such a way that they combine terrestrial data with one and/or two Earth gravity models. The integral estimators are developed so that they become biased or unbiased to a priori information. For testing the quality of the estimators, their global mean square errors are generated using an Earth gravity model08 model and one of the recent products of the gravity field and steady‐state ocean circulation explorer mission. Numerical results show that the integral estimators have smaller global root mean square errors than the point‐wise ones but they are not efficient practically. The integral estimator of the biased type is the most suited due to its smallest global root mean square error comparing to the rest of the estimators. Due largely to the omission errors of Earth gravity models the point‐wise estimators are not sensitive to the Earth gravity model commission error; therefore, the use of high‐degree Earth gravity models is very influential for reduction of their root mean square errors. Also it is shown that the use of the ocean circulation explorer Earth gravity model does not significantly reduce the root mean square errors of the presented estimators in the presence of Earth gravity model08. All estimators are applied in the region of Fennoscandia and a cap size of 2° for numerical integration and a maximum degree of 2500 for generation of band‐limited kernels are found suitable for the integral estimators.
High‐accuracy two‐interval approximation for normal‐moveout function in a multi‐layered anisotropic model
Authors: Blias Emil 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses reducing computation costs for traveltime calculations in multi‐layered anisotropic models. Fomel and Stovas () suggested a two‐ray five‐parameter approximation that they named ‘generalized’ because it reduces to several known three‐parameter forms. Model tests, demonstrated by the authors, showed that this generalized approximation provided very high accuracy, implying it can be used in place of the exact moveout function in modelling, migration and traveltime inversion. However, detailed model studies show that for some models, with a high‐velocity layer, this approximation leads to significant errors. I develop a new three‐ray eight‐parameter approximation that provides higher accuracy and can replace the exact traveltime function that requires numerical ray calculations for each receiver. I call it a ‘two‐interval approximation’ because it uses two different equations for two offset intervals. Model tests show that this two‐interval approximation can bring much higher accuracy compared to the generalized approximation due to the use of an additional reference ray. The two‐interval new approximation can be used instead of exact traveltimes for many practical purposes.
A role for below‐ground biota in plant–plant facilitation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Echeverría Susana , Armas Cristina , Pistón Nuria , Hortal Sara , Pugnaire Francisco I. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Plant–plant facilitation is an important driver of plant diversity, which in turn maintains ecosystem multifunctionality and can buffer some negative effects of climate change. Facilitation is classically attributed to the amelioration of environmental extremes and resource availability. Integrating below‐ground biota into the positive plant interactions framework should provide a more realistic understanding of this process, enabling us to gain insights into the dynamics of below–above‐ground communities.

We tested the effect of below‐ground biota on the performance of a plant community and of individual species using soil extracts from the understorey of a benefactor plant species and adjacent open spaces. Soil bacteria from extracts and experimental microcosms were analysed using pyrosequencing.

Soil biota had a significant effect on the abundance, growth, functional traits and reproductive output of beneficiary plant species through processes that are independent of the direct influence of the benefactor species. Different soil bacterial communities were associated with the benefactor species, the individual beneficiary plant species and the plant community, revealing complex below–above‐ground links between plants and soil microbiota.

Synthesis. The below‐ground biota cultivated by benefactor plant species play a fundamental role in positive interactions between plant species contributing to the preservation of diversity and the evolution of plant communities.
Vertical mother–neonate transfer of maternal gut bacteria via breastfeeding
Authors: Jost Ted , Lacroix Christophe , Braegger Christian P. , Rochat Florence , Chassard Christophe 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBreast milk has recently been recognized as source of commensal and potential probiotic bacteria. The present study investigated whether viable strains of gut‐associated obligate anaerobes are shared between the maternal and neonatal gut ecosystem via breastfeeding. Maternal faeces, breast milk and corresponding neonatal faeces collected from seven mothers‐neonate pairs at three neonatal sampling points were analyzed by culture‐independent (pyrosequencing) and culture‐dependent methods (16S rRNAgene sequencing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphicDNAand repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction. Pyrosequencing allowed identifying gut‐associated obligate anaerobic genera, likeBifidobacterium,Bacteroides,Parabacteroidesand members of theClostridia (Blautia,Clostridium,CollinsellaandVeillonella) shared between maternal faeces, breast milk and neonatal faeces. Using culture, a viable strain ofBifidobacterium brevewas shown to be shared between all three ecosystems within one mother–neonate pair. Furthermore, pyrosequencing revealed that several butyrate‐producing members of theClostridia (Coprococcus,Faecalibacterium,RoseburiaandSubdoligranulum) were shared between maternal faeces and breast milk. This study shows that (viable) obligate gut‐associated anaerobes may be vertically transferred from mother to neonate via breastfeeding. Thus, our data support the recently suggested hypothesis of a novel way of mother–neonate communication, in which maternal gut bacteria reach breast milk via an entero‐mammary pathway to influence neonatal gut colonization and maturation of the immune system.
Systematic gene deletions evidences that laccases are involved in several stages of wood degradation in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
Authors: Xie Ning , Chapeland‐Leclerc Florence , Silar Philippe , Ruprich‐Robert Gwenaël 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTransformation of plant biomass into biofuels may supply environmentally friendly alternative biological sources of energy. Laccases are supposed to be involved in the lysis of lignin, a prerequisite step for efficient breakdown of cellulose into fermentable sugars. The role in development and plant biomass degradation of the nine canonical laccases belonging to three different subfamilies and one related multicopper oxidase of the Ascomycota fungus Podospora anserina was investigated by targeted gene deletion. The 10 genes were inactivated singly, and multiple mutants were constructed by genetic crosses. lac6Δ, lac8Δ and mcoΔ mutants were significantly reduced in their ability to grow on lignin‐containing materials, but also on cellulose and plastic. Furthermore, lac8Δ, lac7Δ, mcoΔ and lac6Δ mutants were defective towards resistance to phenolic substrates and H2O2, which may also impact lignocellulose breakdown. Double and multiple mutants were generally more affected than single mutants, evidencing redundancy of function among laccases. Our study provides the first genetic evidences that laccases are major actors of wood utilization in a fungus and that they have multiple roles during this process apart from participation in lignin lysis.
Inactivation of the SecA2 protein export pathway in Listeria monocytogenes promotes cell aggregation, impacts biofilm architecture and induces biofilm formation in environmental condition
Authors: Renier Sandra , Chagnot Caroline , Deschamps Julien , Caccia Nelly , Szlavik Julie , Joyce Susan A. , Popowska Magdalena , Hill Colin , Knøchel Susanne , Briandet Romain , Hébraud Michel , Desvaux Mickaël 
Published: August 2013

SummaryListeria monocytogenes has a dichotomous lifestyle, existing as an ubiquitous saprophytic species and as an opportunistic intracellular pathogen. Besides its capacity to grow in a wide range of environmental and stressful conditions, L. monocytogenes has the ability to adhere to and colonize surfaces. Morphotype variation to elongated cells forming rough colonies has been reported for different clinical and environmental isolates, including biofilms. This cell differentiation is mainly attributed to the reduced secretion of two SecA2‐dependent cell‐wall hydrolases, CwhA and MurA. SecA2 is a non‐essential SecA paralogue forming an alternative translocase with the primary Sec translocon. Following investigation at temperatures relevant to its ecological niches, i.e. infection (37°C) and environmental (20°C) conditions, inactivation of this SecA2‐only protein export pathway led, despite reduced adhesion, to the formation of filamentous biofilm with aerial structures. Compared to the wild type strain, inactivation of the SecA2 pathway promoted extensive cell aggregation and sedimentation. At ambient temperature, this effect was combined with the abrogation of cell motility resulting in elongated sedimented cells, which got knotted and entangled together in the course of filamentous‐biofilm development. Such a cell differentiation provides a decisive advantage for listerial surface colonization under environmental condition. As further discussed, this morphotypic conversion has strong implication on listerial physiology and is also of potential significance for asymptomatic human/animal carriage.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Jeweler Following a Hold‐up: Forensic Considerations
Authors: Savall Frederic , Dedouit Fabrice , Telmon Norbert , Rougé Daniel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe authors present a case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) following physical assault. In France, public prosecutor orders a medicolegal assessment after an assault for all living victims. Medicolegal assessment aims to establish a causal relation between an aggression and the injury sustained. An 80‐year‐old jeweler was the victim of assault, restraint and confinement during the hold‐up of his jewelry store. After the event, he experienced constrictive chest pain with a sensation of oppression. Transthoracic echography showed apical and middle wall akinesis with apical ballooning pattern. In this case, the experts reasonably accepted that there was a direct, certain, and exclusive causal relation between the aggression and the cardiomyopathy. Forensic specialists should be aware of TTC because it is a frequent complication of stress situations and its incidence in forensic cases is probably underestimated.
Fatal Wounds Sustained from “Falling Bullets”: Maintaining a High Index of Suspicion in a Forensic Setting
Authors: Rapkiewicz Amy V. , Shuman Mark J. , Hutchins Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCelebratory gunfire injuries from “falling bullets” occur when guns are fired into the air during celebrations without realizing that this can cause serious injuries or even fatalities. Fatal celebratory gunfire injury is an uncommonly reported event in the continental United States. Our electronic database was queried for homicides occurring within days of July 4th and December 31st over a 14‐year period. We describe two cases of fatal gunfire injury due to celebratory gunfire occurring during New Year's Eve in Southern Florida. The relevant literature is reviewed. These case reports illustrate that fatal gunfire injuries sustained from “falling bullets” may pose as an unexpected mimic to sudden natural deaths especially in patients with prior medical history. A high index of suspicion to recognize such injury is required particularly during holidays.
Classification Systems for Stalking Behavior
Authors: Racine Christopher , Billick Stephen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStalking is a complex behavioral phenomenon that is unique in that it necessarily involves a prolonged dyadic relationship between both a perpetrator and a victim. Since criminalization of stalking behavior in the 1990s, different conceptual typologies have attempted to classify this behavior to assess risk and aid in management decisions. The authors reviewed the current literature regarding the most recent and accepted stalking classification systems. The three predominant stalker typologies currently in use include Zona's stalker–victim types, Mullen's stalker typology, and the RECON stalker typology. Of these, the RECON classification system alone was developed in an attempt to separate stalkers into groups based on previously known risk factors for behaviorally based phenomenon such as propensity for violence. Understanding and simplifying these classification systems may enhance the potential that new research will lead to evidence‐based management and treatment strategies in the stalking situation.
Postmortem Distribution of 3‐Beta‐Hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Palmiere Cristian , Mangin Patrice , Werner Dominique 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe concentrations of 3‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in femoral blood, urine, vitreous humor as well as pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids were retrospectively examined in a series of medico‐legal autopsies, which included cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, hypothermia fatalities without ethanol in blood, bodies presenting mild decompositional changes, and sudden deaths in chronic alcoholics. Similar increases in 3HB concentrations were observed in blood, vitreous, and pericardial fluid, irrespective of the cause of death, suggesting that pericardial fluid and vitreous can both be used as alternatives to blood for postmortem 3HB determination. Urine 3HB levels were higher than blood values in most cases. Cerebrospinal fluid 3HB levels were generally lower than concentrations in blood and proved to be diagnostic of underlying metabolic disturbances only when significant increases occurred.
Efficacy of Plant‐Derived Antimicrobials as Antimicrobial Wash Treatments for Reducing Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 on Apples
Authors: Baskaran Sangeetha Ananda , Upadhyay Abhinav , Kollanoor‐Johny Anup , Upadhyaya Indu , Mooyottu Shankumar , Roshni Amalaradjou Mary Anne , Schreiber David , Venkitanarayanan Kumar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of 3 GRAS‐status, plant‐derived antimicrobials (PDAs), trans‐cinnamaldehyde (TC), carvacrol (CR), and β‐resorcylic acid (BR) applied as an antimicrobial wash for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apples. “Red delicious” apples inoculated with a 5 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water containing 0% PDA (control), 0.15% TC, 0.35% TC, 0.15% CR, 0.30% CR, 0.5% BR, or 1% BR for 1, 3, and 5 min at 23 °C in the presence and absence of 1% soil, and surviving pathogen populations on apples were enumerated at each specified time. All PDAs were more effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 compared to the water wash treatment (P < 0.05) and reduced the pathogen by 4‐ to 5‐log CFU/apple in 5 min. Chlorine (1%) was the most effective treatment reducing the pathogen on apples to undetectable levels in 1 min (P < 0.05). Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of CR and BR was not affected by the presence of soil, whereas the efficacy of TC and BR was decreased in the presence of soil. Further, no bacteria were detected in the wash solution containing CR and BR; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered in the control wash water and treatment solutions containing TC and chlorine, in the presence of 1% soil (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned PDAs, especially CR and BR could be used effectively to kill E. coli O157:H7 on apples when used as a wash treatment. Studies on the sensory and quality characteristics of apples treated with PDAs are needed before recommending their usage.