bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I accept it [staff assistance]; no choice’: an ethnographic study of residents' attitudes towards mobility within nursing homes
Authors: Taylor Janice , Sims Jane , Haines Terry P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundMobility contributes to the quality of life and independence of residents in nursing homes. To perform resident‐centred mobility care, staff need to understand residents' physical capacity and perspectives of care.Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to explore residents' perspectives of intrinsic factors influencing their mobility and associations between these factors with a view to informing resident mobility care practice improvements.DesignThe study was part of a larger ethnographic project exploring safe resident mobility care in nursing homes.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with nursing home residents supplemented by non‐participant observations were conducted over a 20‐month period from July 2010. Fifteen residents consented to be interviewed in three nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia. Unobtrusive observations of 46 mobility events took place in three nursing homes over 5 months from September, 2011.ResultsParticipants identified intrinsic factors that influence their mobility including mobility capacity, strategies to cope with mobility loss, motivation and efforts to remain mobile. Three themes related to resident attitudes and responses to mobility loss emerged: acceptance of mobility loss and staff assistance; motivation to remain mobile; and acquiescence and loss of control during mobility events. A conceptual model developed from the study outlined associations between resident attitudes and mobility and quality of life outcomes. Discussion was framed by theories of ageing and adaptation: selection, optimisation and compensation; learned dependency; and learned helplessness.ConclusionResident acceptance of mobility loss, and required staff assistance and realistic determination to remain mobile contribute to residents' quality of life. Mobility care based on considerations of resident choice, autonomy and the value of mobility is important.Implications for practiceThe model developed from this study can guide staff manual handling training and practice towards improved resident‐centred approaches to mobility care.
Novel Sodium Hypochlorite Cleanser Shows Clinical Response and Excellent Acceptability in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ryan Caitriona , Shaw Richard E. , Cockerell Clay J. , Hand Shari , Ghali Fred E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe intermittent use of dilute sodium hypochlorite “bleach baths” has shown efficacy as adjunctive therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD). This feasibility study evaluated the clinical response and patient acceptability of treatment with a cleansing body wash containing sodium hypochlorite in children with AD. This was a 12‐week open‐label feasibility study of 18 children with AD conducted in a pediatric dermatology outpatient clinic between May 2011 and July 2012. Children with moderate to severe AD, defined as an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of at least 3 on a 5‐point scale, who were age 6 months and older and had lesional cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus at baseline were included. Patients were instructed to wash 3 days/week for 12 weeks with the sodium hypochlorite–containing cleansing body wash. During the study period, patient's individualized topical and systemic treatment regimens were continued. Clinical response to treatment was measured using an IGA score and the percentage of body surface area (BSA) affected. Parents were also administered a retrospective questionnaire evaluating acceptability of the product. There was a statistically significant reduction in IGA score at all time points, with an overall mean reduction from baseline to final measurement using the last observation carried forward in all patients of 1.0 (p = 0.001, n = 18). Similarly the mean reduction of BSA affected was 14.8% (p = 0.005, n = 18). Parents reported that the body wash was significantly easier to use than traditional bleach baths (p < 0.001). The significant reductions in clinical disease severity scores with use of this formulation are encouraging.
Geometric Analysis and Self‐Calibration of ADS40 Imagery
Authors: Gonzalez Sara , Gomez‐Lahoz Javier , Gonzalez‐Aguilera Diego , Arias Benjamin , Sanchez Nilda , Hernandez David , Felipe Beatriz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe increasing role of pushbroom cameras in large photogrammetric projects has fostered international interest in achieving a sound knowledge of this device. In addition, the classic software tools, implemented for frame cameras, need to be adapted to cope with modified aerial triangulation and self‐calibration procedures. This contribution presents the results obtained from the geometrical analysis and self‐calibration of the second‐generation pushbroom ADS40 camera, the SH52. For this purpose, a testfield was designed and built on the outskirts of Ávila, Spain and two blocks, flown at different heights, were imaged. A wide network of well‐defined control and check points was observed in order to provide a thorough assessment of the accuracy and reliability of the camera. Empirical analysis of a variety of models within aerial triangulation as well as the use of internal camera parameters has led to an evaluation of the camera's performance in a real‐life environment.
Laryngeal sensory dysfunction in laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Vertigan Anne E. , Bone Sarah L. , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveDiseases associated with laryngeal dysfunction include chronic refractory cough (CRC), paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM), muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and globus pharyngeus. We hypothesized the presence of a common sensory laryngeal dysfunction, the ‘laryngeal hypersensitivity’ syndrome, in these conditions. The aim of the study was to compare symptoms and sensory function in patients with CRC, PVFM, MTD and globus.MethodsThe 103 participants included healthy controls (n = 13) and four case groups: CRC (n = 33), PVFM (n = 28), globus pharyngeus (n = 11) and MTD (n = 18). Participants completed self‐report questionnaires: Symptom Frequency and Severity Scale, Voice Handicap Index and the Laryngeal Paraesthesia Questionnaire; and quantitative sensory testing: capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity, hypertonic saline challenge, the timed swallow test, acoustic voice testing, cough frequency monitor and a voice stress test.ResultsAll case groups reported a high‐symptom burden in comparison to controls. The case groups showed a similar pattern of symptoms, with impairment in each of the cough, respiration, vocal and upper airway symptom domains. Objective testing revealed significant sensory impairment in the case groups compared to controls and also showed an overlap in sensory dysfunction between the four case groups. Furthermore, there was cross‐sensory stimulation of symptoms whereby stimulation of a particular response resulted in symptoms in another domain.ConclusionsThese discrete clinical laryngeal syndromes display considerable overlap in their clinical features and a common sensory dysfunction, supporting the ‘laryngeal hypersensitivity’ hypothesis. Reconceptualizing functional laryngeal disorders as a form of laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome provides an alternative approach to management of these perplexing conditions.
Fast beneficial systemic anti‐inflammatory effects of inhaled budesonide and formoterol on circulating lymphocytes in asthma
Authors: Rüdiger Jochen J. , Gencay Mikael , Yang Jin Q. , Bihl Michel , Tamm Michael , Roth Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveInhaled glucocorticoids and long acting β2‐agonists reduce airway inflammation. It is unclear if this effect is based on the local action of the drugs or is due to a systemic effect on circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes. We assessed whether inhaled budesonide and/or formoterol modify the activity of circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes.MethodsPlacebo controlled crossover design, including healthy (n = 10) or mild asthmatic males (n = 8). Blood was collected in the morning at 08:00 before drug inhalation, and drugs (placebo, budesonide 400 μg, formoterol 12 μg) were inhaled alone or in combination at 08:30. Four more blood samples were collected after inhalation at 09:00, 09:30, 12:30 and at 09:30 am on the following day. The activity of the glucocorticoid receptor, NFκB and IκB was determined in isolated lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg/mL) for 24 h and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, eotaxin level were determined. Lymphocyte proliferation was induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA 10 μg/mL) over 24 h.ResultsWhen combined, the drugs synergistically activated the glucocorticoid receptor within 30 min but did not modify NFκB or IκB activity. Inhaled budesonide significantly reduced LPS‐induced IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α secretion, while inhaled formoterol had no such effect; however when combined, the inhibitory effect of budesonide was significantly increased by formoterol. PHA‐induced proliferation was reduced by both drugs alone and in combination.ConclusionsCombined budesonide and formoterol may reduce airway inflammation and immune reactivity of circulating lymphocytes through its local and systemic effects.
Expression of Interleukin‐22 in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Zheng S. , Dou C. , Xin N. , Wang J. , Wang J. , Li P. , Fu L. , Shen X. , Cui G. , Dong R. , Lu J. , Zhang Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIL‐17 and IL‐22 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The roles of IL‐22 in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unsettled. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum IL‐22, IL‐17 levels, anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti‐AChR Ab) titres and clinical parameters in patients with MG. The serum IL‐22, IL‐17 levels and anti‐AChR Ab titres were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and MG subjects were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, PBMC from 12 patients with generalized MG were purified and treated with recombinant human IL‐22 (rhIL‐22), the IL‐17 levels of supernatant were detected by ELISA. We found that the IL‐17 levels were significantly increased, but IL‐22 levels were significantly decreased in the serum of patients with MG compared with healthy controls. Consistantly, a significant decrease in IL‐22 mRNA levels and an increase in IL‐17 mRNA levels were detected in PBMC collected from patients with MG, compared with healthy controls. A negative correlation between IL‐22 mRNA in PBMC, serum IL‐22 and serum anti‐AChR Ab levels was found in patients with MG. Moreover, in cultured MG PBMC treated with recombinant human IL‐22 (rhIL‐22), the IL‐17 levels were decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings indicated a possible role of IL‐22 as a protective factor in MG.
Comparison of complication rates in dogs with nasoesophageal versus nasogastric feeding tubes
Authors: Yu Melissa K. , Freeman Lisa M. , Heinze Cailin R. , Parker Valerie J. , Linder Deborah E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare complication rates between nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes in dogs.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity referral veterinary hospital.AnimalsA total of 46 dogs that were fed through a NE (n= 28) or NG (n= 18) tube between January 2007 and December 2011 and that also had either thoracic radiography or computed tomography performed so that location of the distal tip of the tube in either the esophagus or stomach could be confirmed.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe medical record of each eligible case was reviewed and data recorded included signalment, underlying disease, body weight, body condition score, medications, duration of feeding, diet used, and complications observed (ie, vomiting, regurgitation, diarrhea, early tube removal, clogged tube, epistaxis, pulmonary aspiration, hyperglycemia, and refeeding syndrome). Dogs with NE tubes were significantly younger than dogs with NG tubes (P= 0.03) but there were no other significant differences in signalment, underlying disease, medications, duration of anorexia, percent of resting energy requirement achieved, or change in weight during tube feeding. There also was no significant difference between the NE and NG groups for any of the recorded complications. Significantly fewer dogs in the NE group died or were euthanized (3/28) compared to the NG group (7/18;P= 0.02) but outcome was not associated with age, underlying disease, or any of the recorded tube complications.ConclusionsThis study did not identify a difference in complication rate between NE and NG feeding tubes in dogs. Additional studies are required to determine the optimal terminal location of feeding tubes in dogs.
Preliminary evaluation of the utility of comparing SpO2/FiO2and PaO2/FiO2ratios in dogs
Authors: Calabro Janine M. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Palma Douglas A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the ratio of pulse oximetry saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2, [SF]) correlates with the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/FiO2(PaO2/FiO2, [PF]) in dogs.DesignProspective, observational pilot study.SettingUrban tertiary veterinary referral center.AnimalsThirty‐eight client‐owned dogs requiring assessment of oxygenation.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsArterial blood gas analysis with co‐oximetry was performed on samples obtained from the dorsal pedal artery. Median SpO2was 91.5% (range 80–97%) and median PaO2was 70.1 mmHg (range 44.5–103.8 mmHg). Hypoventilation was uncommon and venous admixture was the predominant cause of hypoxemia in this population. Median SF was 435.7 (range 381.0–461.9) and median PF was 334.0 (range 211.9–494.3). Nine dogs (23.6%) had PF <300; no dogs had PF below 200. SF and PF were correlated (ρ = 0.618,P< 0.01).ConclusionsSF and PF in dogs spontaneously breathing room air have good correlation, suggesting that SF may be a useful, noninvasive surrogate for PF when assessing oxygenation in canine patients. Further studies are warranted to confirm and validate this relationship in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated dogs on varying levels of FiO2and to assess the ability of SF to predict outcome.
Draft Genome Sequence of MKD8, a Conjugal Recipient Mycobacterium smegmatis Strain
Authors: Gray Todd A. , Palumbo Michael J. , Derbyshire Keith M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

We report an annotated draft genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium smegmatis
strain MKD8. This strain acts as a recipient during conjugation with the reference
M. smegmatis
strain mc
2
155. While the genomes of the two strains are colinear and have similar sizes, extensive genome-wide sequence variation suggests rich diversity within the
M. smegmatis
clade.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Archaeal Fusellovirus Assembled from the Metagenome of a Mexican Hot Spring
Authors: Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E. , Peng Xu , Garrett Roger A. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The consensus genome sequence of a new member of the family
Fuselloviridae
designated as SMF1 (
Sulfolobales
Mexican fusellovirus 1) is presented. The complete circular genome was recovered from a metagenomic study of a Mexican hot spring. SMF1 exhibits an exceptional coding strand bias and a reduced set of fuselloviral core genes.
Aberrant anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Harumi , Tsuta Koji , Yoshida Akihiko , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Wakai Susumu , Asamura Hisao , Furuta Koh , Tsuda Hitoshi 
Published: April 2013

AimsIn lung cancer with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, accurate diagnosis is essential to identify patients who can be treated with a specific kinase inhibitor. Sensitive ALK immunostaining can provide nearly complete concordance with gene rearrangement status and is expected to serve as a surrogate biomarker for tailored treatment with an ALK inhibitor. In the present report, we describe aberrant ALK expression in a small proportion of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) that do not haveALKgene alteration.MethodsA total of 227 pulmonary NECs were assembled on tissue microarrays and were subjected to highly sensitive ALK staining methods.ResultsWe observed focal positivity with heterogeneous intensity in 2 (2.9%) of 69 small-cell carcinomas and 1 (0.9%) of 106 large-cell NECs. In contrast, 52 carcinoid tumours were all negative for ALK expression. NeitherALKrearrangement nor amplification was observed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and no somatic mutation was detected in three ALK positive NECs.ConclusionsThus, this aberrant expression is probably of a wild-type ALK and a potential pitfall when implementing sensitive ALK immunohistochemistry in the molecular diagnosis of lung cancer.
Monoclonal Antibody against the Ectodomain of E-Cadherin (DECMA-1) Suppresses Breast Carcinogenesis: Involvement of the HER/PI3K/Akt/mTOR and IAP Pathways
Authors: Brouxhon Sabine M. , Kyrkanides Stephanos , Teng Xiaofei , Raja Veena , O'Banion M. Kerry , Clarke Robert , Byers Stephen , Silberfeld Andrew , Tornos Carmen , Ma Li 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Although targeted therapies against HER2 have been one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for breast cancer, patients eventually developed acquired resistance from compensatory upregulation of alternate HERs and mitogen-activated protein kinase–phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling. As we and others have shown that the soluble ectodomain fragment of E-cadherin exerts prooncogenic effects via HER1/2–mediated binding and activation of downstream prosurvival pathways, we explored whether targeting this ectodomain [DECMA-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb)] was effective in the treatment of HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers.
Experimental Design: MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and HER2+/E-cadherin–positive MCF-7 and BT474 trastuzumab-resistant (TtzmR) cells were treated with the DECMA-1 mAb. Antitumor responses were assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The underlying intracellular prooncogenic pathways were explored using subcellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation, fluorescence microscopy, and immunoblotting.
Results: Treatment with DECMA-1 mAb significantly delayed tumor onset and attenuated tumor burden in MMTV-PyMT mice by reducing tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis without any detectable cytotoxicity to mice or end-organs. In vitro treatment of MCF-7 and BT474 TtzmR cells reduced proliferation and induced cancer cell apoptosis. Importantly, this inhibition of breast tumorigenesis was due to concomitant downregulation, via ubiquitin-mediated degradation through the lysosome and proteasome pathways, of all HER family members, components of downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR prosurvival signaling and suppression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins.
Conclusions: Our results establish that the E-cadherin ectodomain-specific mAb DECMA-1 inhibits Ecad+/HER2+ breast cancers by hindering tumor growth and inducing apoptosis via downregulation of key oncogenic pathways involved in trastuzumab resistance, thereby establishing a novel therapeutic platform for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3234–46. ©2013 AACR.
Japonicone A Suppresses Growth of Burkitt Lymphoma Cells through Its Effect on NF-κB
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Yang Xinying , Liu Yanling , Gong Nuoxi , Yao Wenbo , Chen Peizhan , Qin Jiangjiang , Jin Huizi , Li Jingquan , Chu Ruiai , Shan Lei , Zhang Ruiwen , Zhang Weidong , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: NF-κB, a transcriptional regulator of diverse genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis, has been implicated in various malignancies. We discovered a potent natural NF-κB inhibitor, Japonicone A, from the traditional herb Inula japonica Thunb, evaluated its preclinical pharmacology and therapeutic activity, and investigated the underlying mechanisms of action for its antitumor activity.
Experimental Design: Various types of cancer and normal cells were exposed to Japonicone A for cytotoxicity screening, followed by determination of cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Western blotting, immunostaining, and gene reporter assay were used to analyze NF-κB activity. Two xenograft models were used for therapeutic efficacy evaluation.
Results: Japonicone A killed cancer cells but had low cytotoxicity to normal cells. Burkitt lymphoma cells were particularly sensitive. Japonicone A inhibited the growth and proliferation of Raji, BJAB, and NAMALWA lymphoma cells and resulted in G2–M phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure of cells to Japonicone A caused inactivation of the TNF-α–TAK1–IKK-NF-κB axis and inhibition of TNF-α–stimulated NF-κB activity and nuclear translocation, followed by downregulation of NF-κB target genes involved in cell apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, TRAF2) and in the cell cycle and growth (cyclin D, c-Myc). Moreover, Japonicone A inhibited local growth and dissemination of cancer cells to multiple organs in vivo.
Conclusion: Japonicone A exerts significant anticancer effects on Burkitt lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo through targeting of the NF-κB signaling cascade. These results highlight the potential of Japonicone A as a chemotherapeutic agent and warrant its development as a therapy for lymphomas. Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 2917–28. ©2013 AACR.
Receptor Affinity and Extracellular Domain Modifications Affect Tumor Recognition by ROR1-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
Authors: Hudecek Michael , Lupo-Stanghellini Maria-Teresa , Kosasih Paula L. , Sommermeyer Daniel , Jensen Michael C. , Rader Christoph , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurpose: The adoptive transfer of T cells modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprised of an extracellular single-chain antibody (scFV) fragment specific for a tumor cell surface molecule, and linked to an intracellular signaling module, has activity in advanced malignancies. The receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tumor-associated molecule expressed in prevalent B-lymphoid and epithelial cancers and is absent on normal mature B cells and vital tissues, making it a candidate for CAR T-cell therapy.Experimental Design: We constructed ROR1-CARs from scFVs with different affinities and containing extracellular IgG4-Fc spacer domains of different lengths, and evaluated the ability of T cells expressing each CAR to recognize ROR1+ hematopoietic and epithelial tumors in vitro, and to eliminate human mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) engrafted into immunodeficient mice.Results: ROR1-CARs containing a short “Hinge-only” extracellular spacer conferred superior lysis of ROR1+ tumor cells and induction of T-cell effector functions compared with CARs with long “Hinge-CH2-CH3” spacers. CARs derived from a higher affinity scFV conferred maximum T-cell effector function against primary CLL and ROR1+ epithelial cancer lines in vitro without inducing activation-induced T-cell death. T cells modified with an optimal ROR1-CAR were equivalently effective as CD19-CAR–modified T cells in mediating regression of JeKo-1 MCL in immunodeficient mice.Conclusions: Our results show that customizing spacer design and increasing affinity of ROR1-CARs enhances T-cell effector function and recognition of ROR1+ tumors. T cells modified with an optimized ROR1-CAR have significant antitumor efficacy in a preclinical model in vivo, suggesting they may be useful to treat ROR1+ tumors in clinical applications. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3153–64. ©2013 AACR.