bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered vimentin protein expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells after ultraviolet or intense pulsed light treatment
Authors: Shin Jung U , Lee Won Jai , Oh Sang Ho , Kim Do Young , Kim Dae Suk , Jung Inhee , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundEndothelial cell senescence is closely related to tissue aging and age‐related vascular disease. Detailed pathophysiology and essential biomarkers of skin aging are not well known. A recent report suggests that advanced glycosylation end products, especially Nϵ‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) modification of vimentin, accelerate the aging process.ObjectivesTo identify protein biomarkers of aging in skin.Materials and MethodsProteomics analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) treated with ultraviolet (UV) or intense pulsed light (IPL). Proteome maps of UV‐treated, IPL‐treated, and untreated HDMEC were constructed, with identification of altered protein spots by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Differential expression and glycation modification of vimentin were found by this approach and further examined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsTwenty‐two differentially expressed protein spots were identified. Among them, vimentin was specifically up‐regulated in UV‐treated HDMECs. On the other hand, it was down‐regulated after IPL. Increased expression of CML‐vimentin in HDMEC during culture (Passage 6 vs. 12) was noted, and this effect was reversed by IPL treatment.ConclusionVimentin and CML should be useful markers for cell senescence, as well as for evaluating the level of aging. Also, targeting increased vimentin expression and its advanced glycation end products could present a target for the treatment of skin aging. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:431–438, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Chemometric Analysis of Ricinus communis Extracts for Cultivar Identification
Authors: Ovenden Simon P. B. , Pigott Eloise J. , Rochfort Simone , Bourne David J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionSeeds of Ricinus communis contain the toxic protein ricin, a 64 kD heterodimeric type II ribosome‐inactivating protein that has been used in several high‐profile poisoning incidents. The ability to determine which cultivar the toxin was isolated from via an LC–MS method would be of significant use to law enforcement and forensic agencies.ObjectiveTo analyse via LC–MS and chemometrics (principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial‐least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA)) extracts of R. communis to identify compounds specific to a particular cultivar.MethodsSeeds from eight specimens of six cultivars of R. communis (‘carmencita’, ‘dehradun’, ‘gibsonii’, ‘impala’, ‘sanguineus’ and ‘zanzibariensis’) were extracted using a standard methodology. These extracts were analysed by LC–MS then subjected to chemometric analysis (PCA and OPLS‐DA). Identified compounds of importance were subjected to high‐resolution Fourier transform (HRFT) MS and MS/MS to elucidate their structures.ResultsThis analysis identified 17 ions as potential cultivar determinators. Through accurate mass measurement and MS/MS, molecular formulae for 13 ions were determined, including two known and 11 new peptides.ConclusionUnique ions in extracts of ‘carmencita’, ‘dehradun’, ‘gibsonii’, ‘impala’ and ‘zanzibariensis’ were identified that would allow an individual cultivar to be distinguished from other cultivars in this study. Although ‘sanguineus’ extracts contained no unique compounds, a unique LC–MS profile would allow for cultivar assignment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TRF2-Mediated Stabilization of hREST4 Is Critical for the Differentiation and Maintenance of Neural Progenitors
Authors: Ovando-Roche Patrick , Yu Jason S.L. , Testori Sarah , Ho Chloe , Cui Wei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) is a component of the shelterin complex that is known to bind and protect telomeric DNA, yet the detection of TRF2 in extra-telomeric regions of chromosomes suggests other roles for TRF2 besides telomere protection. Here, we demonstrate that TRF2 plays a critical role in antagonizing the repressive function of neuron-restrictive silencer factor, also known as repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), during the neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by enhancing the expression of a truncated REST splice isoform we term human REST4 (hREST4) due to its similarity to rodent REST4. We show that TRF2 is specifically upregulated during hESC neural differentiation concordantly with an increase in the expression of hREST4 and that both proteins are highly expressed in NPCs. Overexpression of TRF2 in hESCs increases hREST4 levels and induces their neural differentiation, whereas TRF2 knockdown in hESCs and NPCs reduces hREST4 expression, hindering their ability to differentiate to the neural lineage. Concurrently, we show that TRF2 directly interacts with the C-terminal of hREST4 through its TRF2 core binding motif [F/Y]xL, protecting hREST4 from ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation and consequently furthering neural induction. Thus, the TRF2-mediated counterbalance between hREST4 and REST is vital for both the generation and maintenance of NPCs, suggesting an important role for TRF2 in both neurogenesis and function of the central nervous system. Stem Cells 2014;32:2111–2122
Mining the 3′UTR of Autism-Implicated Genes for SNPs Perturbing MicroRNA Regulation
Authors: Vaishnavi Varadharajan , Manikandan Mayakannan , Munirajan Arasambattu Kannan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders with polygenic etiology. The expression of many genes implicated in ASD is tightly regulated by various factors including microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs ∼22 nucleotides in length that function to suppress translation by pairing with ‘miRNA recognition elements’ (MREs) present in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs. This emphasizes the role played by miRNAs in regulating neurogenesis, brain development and differentiation and hence any perturbations in this regulatory mechanism might affect these processes as well. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present within 3′UTRs of mRNAs have been shown to modulate existing MREs or even create new MREs. Therefore, we hypothesized that SNPs perturbing miRNA-mediated gene regulation might lead to aberrant expression of autism-implicated genes, thus resulting in disease predisposition or pathogenesis in at least a subpopulation of ASD individuals. We developed a systematic computational pipeline that integrates data from well-established databases. By following a stringent selection criterion, we identified 9 MRE-modulating SNPs and another 12 MRE-creating SNPs in the 3′UTR of autism-implicated genes. These high-confidence candidate SNPs may play roles in ASD and hence would be valuable for further functional validation.
Toward a structural view of co‐opetition in supply networks
Authors: Pathak Surya D. , Wu Zhaohui , Johnston David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCo‐opetition, or simultaneous competition and cooperation, in the supply chain management literature has been treated as a dyadic relational phenomenon where the buyer's strategy is considered to be the primary driver. In this paper, we move beyond the dyadic view and propose a theory of co‐opetition in supply networks. We argue that as firms within a supply network interact over time to access, share, and transform resources, new ties between firms are formed and existing ties dissolve, giving rise to co‐opetition dynamics at the network level. Taking a configurational approach, we employ the inter‐related dimensions of ties between firm, firm‐level task, network‐level objective, and governance to specify four practical supply network archetypes that cover a wide range of economic activities. We then explain how coopetitive relationships may evolve in these supply network archetypes. Specifically, we discuss how relationships form or dissolve in these archetypes and how local structural changes lead to co‐opetition dynamics at the network level. We also discuss the implications of such dynamics from a managerial perspective.
Corneal biomechanical properties in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Karabulut Gamze Ozturk , Kaynak Pelin , Altan Cıgdem , Ozturker Can , Aksoy Ebru Funda , Demirok Ahmet , Yılmaz Omer Faruk 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thyroid eye disease (TED) on the measurement of corneal biomechanical properties and the relationship between these parameters and disease manifestations. A total of 54 eyes of 27 individuals with TED and 52 eyes of 30 healthy control participants were enrolled. Thyroid ophthalmopathy activity was defined using the VISA (vision, inflammation, strabismus, and appearance/exposure) classification for TED. The intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), axial length (AL), keratometry, and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements were taken from each patient. Corneal biomechanical properties, including corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) and noncontact IOP measurements, Goldmann‐correlated IOP (IOPg) and corneal‐compensated IOP (IOPcc) were measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) using the standard technique. Parameters such as best corrected visual acuity, axial length, central corneal thickness, and corneal curvature were not statistically significant between the two groups (p > 0.05). IOP measured with GAT was higher in participants with TED (p < 0.001). The CH of TED patients was significantly lower than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the corneal resistance factor between groups. However, IOPg and IOPcc were significantly higher in TED patients. CH and VISA grading of TED patients showed a negative correlation (p = 0.007). In conclusion, TED affects the corneal biomechanical properties by decreasing CH. IOP with GAT and IOPg is found to be increased in these patients. As the severity of TED increases, CH decreases in these patients.
Involvement of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in acquired gemcitabine‐resistant human urothelial carcinoma sublines
Authors: Kao Yu‐Ting , Hsu Wei‐Chi , Hu Huei‐Ting , Hsu Shih‐Hsien , Lin Chang‐Shen , Chiu Chien‐Chih , Lu Chi‐Yu , Hour Tzyh‐Chyuan , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Huang A‐Mei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is one of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. A better understanding of how resistance arises and what molecular alterations correlate with resistance is the key to developing novel effective therapeutic strategies. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine (Gem) resistance and provide possible therapeutic options, three Gem‐resistant urothelial carcinoma sublines were established (NG0.6, NG0.8, and NG1.0). These cells were cross‐resistant to arabinofuranosyl cytidine and cisplatin, but sensitive to 5‐fluorouracil. The resistant cells expressed lower values of [hENT1 × dCK/RRM1 × RRM2] mRNA ratio. Two adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette proteins ABCD1 as well as multidrug resistance protein 1 were elevated. Moreover, cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinases 2 and 4 were upregulated, whereas extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity were repressed significantly. Administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the Gem sensitivity in NTUB1 cells, whereas that of an extracellular signal‐regulated kinase MAPK inhibitor did not. Furthermore, the Gem‐resistant sublines also exhibited higher migration ability. Forced expression of p38 MAPK impaired the cell migration activity and augmented Gem sensitivity in NG1.0 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that complex mechanisms were merged in acquiring Gem resistance and provide information that can be important for developing therapeutic targets for treating Gem‐resistant tumors.
Effects of metabolic syndrome, apolipoprotein E, and CYP46 on cognition among Taiwanese Chinese
Authors: Lai Chiou‐Lian , Liou Li‐Min , Liu Ching‐Kuan , Yang Yuan‐Han , Lin Ruey‐Tay 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe combined effects of metabolic syndrome and the apolipoprotein E and CYP46 genotypes on the risk of cognitive decline has yet to be determined among Taiwanese Chinese. Two hundred and nine mentally healthy middle‐aged and older adults were assessed for metabolic syndrome, cognitive function using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Mini‐Mental State Examination, ApoE, and CYP46 polymorphisms. There were no differences in cognitive performance, ApoE epsilon4 (ε4) carrier status, or CYP46 genotypes between participants with and those without metabolic syndrome. The ε4 carriers and participants with the AA allele of CYP46 had significantly lower mental manipulation score. Metabolic syndrome and ε4 had synergistic effects on cognitive decline. Therefore, the ε4 carriers and participants with the AA allele of CYP46 have decreased mental manipulation ability. The metabolic syndrome may play a role in subtle cognitive dysfunction in ε4 carriers among Taiwanese Chinese.
The efficacy of shock wave therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and popliteal cyamella
Authors: Chen Tien‐Wen , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Lee Chia‐Ling , Chen Chia‐Hsin , Chen Yi‐Jen , Lin Tz‐Yan , Huang Mao‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis randomized, controlled study was performed to compare the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound on the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis with popliteal cyamella. One hundred and twenty patients with bilateral moderate knee osteoarthritis (Altman III) and popliteal cyamella were selected and randomly assigned to four groups (GI–GIV). Patients in Groups I–III received isokinetic muscular strengthening exercises three times weekly for 8 weeks. Group II received pulse ultrasound treatment for popliteal cyamella three times weekly for 8 weeks, Group III received weekly shock wave therapy for popliteal cyamella for the first 6 weeks, and Group IV acted as controls. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by changes in the arthritic knees range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale, Lequesne's index, and muscle peak torques after treatment and at follow‐up 6 months later. Each treated group exhibited increased muscle peak torques and significantly reduced pain and disability after treatment and at follow‐ups. However, only patients in Groups II and III showed significant improvements in ROM after treatment, and only participants in Group III showed immediate improvement in ROM after each treatment. Patients in Group III also showed the greatest increase in muscular strength and the greatest decrease in disability after treatment and at the follow‐ups. ESWT is better than pulse ultrasound in rehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis and popliteal cyamella results in more functional improvements.
Covers of Acts Over Monoids and Pure Epimorphisms
Authors: Bailey Alex , Renshaw James H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn 2001, Enochs's celebrated flat cover conjecture was finally proven, and the proofs (two different proofs were presented in the same paper) have since generated a great deal of interest among researchers. The results have been recast in a number of other categories and, in particular, for additive categories. In 2008, Mahmoudi and Renshaw considered a similar problem for acts over monoids but used a slightly different definition of cover. They proved that, in general, their definition was not equivalent to that of Enochs, except in the projective case, and left open a number of questions regarding the ‘other’ definition. This ‘other’ definition is the subject of the present paper and we attempt to emulate some of Enochs's work for the category of acts over monoids, and concentrate, in the main, on strongly flat acts. We hope to extend this work to other classes of acts, such as injective, torsion free, divisible and free, in a future report.
Electronic and Magnetic Structure of LaSr-2×4 Manganese Oxide Molecular Sieve Nanowires
Authors: Gazquez Jaume , Carretero-Genevrier Adrián , Gich Martí , Mestres Narcís , Varela María 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this study we combine scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and electron magnetic circular dichroism to get new insights into the electronic and magnetic structure of LaSr-2×4 manganese oxide molecular sieve nanowires integrated on a silicon substrate. These nanowires exhibit ferromagnetism with strongly enhanced Curie temperature (Tc>500 K), and we show that the new crystallographic structure of these LaSr-2×4 nanowires involves spin orbital coupling and a mixed-valence Mn3+/Mn4+, which is a must for ferromagnetic ordering to appear, in line with the standard double exchange explanation.
β1-integrin-dependent migration of microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein
Authors: Kim Changyoun , Cho Eun-Deok , Kim Hyung-Koo , You Sungyong , Lee He-Jin , Hwang Daehee , Lee Seung-Jae 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChronic neuroinflammation is an integral pathological feature of major neurodegenerative diseases. The recruitment of microglia to affected brain regions and the activation of these cells are the major events leading to disease-associated neuroinflammation. In a previous study, we showed that neuron-released α-synuclein can activate microglia through activating the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway, resulting in proinflammatory responses. However, it is not clear whether other signaling pathways are involved in the migration and activation of microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein. In the current study, we demonstrated that TLR2 activation is not sufficient for all of the changes manifested by microglia in response to neuron-released α-synuclein. Specifically, the migration of and morphological changes in microglia, triggered by neuron-released α-synuclein, did not require the activation of TLR2, whereas increased proliferation and production of cytokines were strictly under the control of TLR2. Construction of a hypothetical signaling network using computational tools and experimental validation with various peptide inhibitors showed that β1-integrin was necessary for both the morphological changes and the migration. However, neither proliferation nor cytokine production by microglia was dependent on the activation of β1-integrin. These results suggest that β1-integrin signaling is specifically responsible for the recruitment of microglia to the disease-affected brain regions, where neurons most likely release relatively high levels of α-synuclein.
Aversive behavior induced by optogenetic inactivation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons is mediated by dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Danjo Teruko , Yoshimi Kenji , Funabiki Kazuo , Yawata Satoshi , Nakanishi Shigetada 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) react to aversive stimuli mostly by transient silencing. It remains unclear whether this reaction directly induces aversive responses in behaving mice. We examined this question by optogenetically controlling DA neurons in the VTA and found that the inactivation of DA neurons resulted in aversive response and learning. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), the major output nuclei of VTA DA neurons, was considered to be responsible for this response, so we examined which of the fundamental pathways in the NAc was critical to this behavior by using knockdown of D1 or D2 receptor, and found that the D2 receptor-specific pathway was crucial for this behavior.
Large-scale preparation of glycopeptides harboring the TF-antigen unit from royal jelly
Authors: Maeda Megumi , Tanaka Tatsuya , Kimura Mariko , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We have reported that new N-glycans carrying the TF-antigen occurred on a major royal jelly glycoprotein, and we have identified the glycosylation site to which the antigenic N-glycan is linked, but an appropriate procedure has not been established to prepare non-labeled immunoreactive glycopeptides in large amounts for functional analysis. In this study, we developed an effective method of preparing Asn-glycopeptide bearing TF-antigen.
A design for the control of apoptosis in genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nishida Nao , Noguchi Misa , Kuroda Kouichi , Ueda Mitsuyoshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We have engineered a system that holds potential for use as a safety switch in genetically modified yeasts. Human apoptotic factor BAX (no homolog in yeast), under the control of the FBP1 (gluconeogenesis enzyme) promoter, was conditionally expressed to induce yeast cell apoptosis after glucose depletion. Such systems might prove useful for the safe use of genetically modified organisms.
Potential of extracts from Saponaria officinalis and Calendula officinalis to modulate in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to their content in saponins
Authors: Budan Alexandre , Bellenot Denis , Freuze Ingrid , Gillmann Louisa , Chicoteau Pierre , Richomme Pascal , Guilet David 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Saponins have the potential to favorably modulate rumen fermentation, but there is generally a lack of the chemical structures associated with the described effects. The activity of extracts from Calendula officinalis and Saponaria officinalis in the rumen was evaluated in vitro. The S. officinalis root extract, reduced CH4 production by 8.5% and increased total VFA concentration by 25.2%. C. officinalis and S. officinalis root extracts and the S. officinalis aerial part extract decreased the acetate to propionate ratio from 8.6 to 17.4%, according to the extract. An HPLC-ELSD analysis indicated that the saponin content ranged from 43.6 to 57.6 mg/g of dry matter (DM) in the C. officinalis extracts and from 224.0 to 693.8 mg/g of DM in the S. officinalis extracts, expressed as the hederacoside C equivalent. Identification of the saponin compounds present in the extracts by HPLC–MSn suggested that the saponin profile modulated the biological activities, showing the importance of determining the structure of saponins when evaluating extracts.
Construction of collagen gel scaffolds for mechanical stress analysis
Authors: Hara Masao , Nakashima Masahiro , Fujii Takahiro , Uehara Kazuki , Yokono Chisako , Hashizume Ron , Nomura Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We designed a cyclic compression system using readily available six-well culture plates to investigate the influence of mechanical stress on skin-like structures. The effects of cyclic mechanical stress on protein expression by cells were easily examined, and hence, this system should be useful for further analysis of skin responses to mechanical stress.
Biosurfactant-producing yeasts widely inhabit various vegetables and fruits
Authors: Konishi Masaaki , Maruoka Naruyuki , Furuta Yoshifumi , Morita Tomotake , Fukuoka Tokuma , Imura Tomohiro , Kitamoto Dai 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The isolation of biosurfactant-producing yeasts from food materials was accomplished. By a combination of a new drop collapse method and thin-layer chromatography, 48 strains were selected as glycolipid biosurfactant producers from 347 strains, which were randomly isolated from various vegetables and fruits. Of the producers, 69% were obtained from vegetables of the Brassica family. Of the 48 producers, 15 strains gave relatively high yields of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), and were identified as Pseudozyma yeasts. These strains produced MELs from olive oil at yields ranging from 8.5 to 24.3 g/L. The best yield coefficient reached 0.49 g/g as to the carbon sources added. Accordingly, MEL producers were isolated at high efficiency from various vegetables and fruits, indicating that biosurfactant producers are widely present in foods. The present results should facilitate their application in the food and related industries.