bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Endoplasmic Reticulum Entry of Tumor Antigen Is Crucial for Cross-Presentation Induced by Dendritic Cell–Targeted Vaccination
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Yu Xiaofei , Guo Chunqing , Zuo Daming , Fisher Paul B. , Subjeck John R. , Wang Xiang-Yang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Efficient cross-presentation of protein Ags to CTLs by dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the success of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In this study, we report a previously underappreciated pathway involving Ag entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) critically needed for T cell cross-priming induced by a DC-targeted vaccine. Directing the clinically relevant, melanoma Ag gp100 to mouse-derived DCs by molecular adjuvant and chaperone Grp170 substantially facilitates Ag access to the ER. Grp170 also strengthens the interaction of internalized protein Ag with molecular components involved in ER-associated protein dislocation and/or degradation, which culminates in cytosolic translocation for proteasome-dependent degradation and processing. Targeted disruption of protein retrotranslocation causes exclusive ER retention of tumor Ag in mouse bone marrow–derived DCs and splenic CD8+ DCs. This results in the blockade of Ag ubiquitination and processing, which abrogates the priming of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the improved ER entry of tumor Ag serves as a molecular basis for the superior cross-presenting capacity of Grp170-based vaccine platform. The ER access and retrotranslocation represents a distinct pathway that operates within DCs for cross-presentation and is required for the activation of Ag-specific CTLs by certain vaccines. These results also reinforce the importance of the ER-associated protein quality control machinery and the mode of the Ag delivery in regulating DC-elicited immune outcomes.
A Simple Technique of preventing Pressure Sores of the Nasal Ala during Prolonged Nasoendotracheal Intubation with Armored Tube
Authors: Mukherji Srijon , Aggarwal Hemant 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNasal ala pressure sores or necrosis following prolonged surgeries with nasotracheal intubation has been reported many times and is a common small complication. It can be prevented by using a simple technique.How to cite this articleMukherji S, Aggarwal H. A Simple Technique of preventing Pressure Sores of the Nasal Ala during Prolonged Nasoendotracheal Intubation with Armored Tube. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):136.
Post-traumatic Immediate onset Facial Palsy-delayed Exploration with Complete Recovery
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Kulkarni Anuja Santosh , Nataraj Uma 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPost-traumatic immediate onset facial palsy is well-documented clinical entity. However, it is usually described in transverse fracture of temporal bone requiring early surgical intervention. Here we report a case of immediate onset facial palsy following longitudinal fracture of temporal bone in a 50-year-old male patient who presented to us 6 months after the closed head trauma. Electroneurography and electromyography showed complete nerve degeneration. Facial palsy was completely recovered after delayed reconstruction almost 7 months after the onset. Here longitudinal fracture of temporal bone caused pressure over the incus which in turn had pressed over the dehiscent facial nerve in its tympanic segment up to the second genu thereby resulted in immediate onset facial palsy.How to cite this articleKulkarni AS, Karnik P, Nataraj U. Post-traumatic Immediate onset Facial Palsy-delayed Exploration with Complete Recovery. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):148-151.
Good Governance Problems and Recent Financial Crises in Some EU Countries
Authors: Gamberger Dragan , Smuc Tomislav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The starting point for the research has been the list of 147 banking crises within the period 1976–2011 prepared by the International Monetary Fund. The countries with crises have been analysed with respect to publicly available World Bank indicators in the periods of three years before the crises. The machine learning methodology for subgroup discovery has been used for the analysis. It enabled identification of five subsets of crises. Two of them have been identified as especially useful for the characterization of EU countries with banking crises in the year 2008. Fast growing credit activity is characteristic for the first subgroup while socioeconomic problems recognized by non-increasing quality of public health are decisive for the second subgroup. Comparative analysis of EU countries included into these subgroups demonstrated statistically significant differences with respect to World Bank good governance indicator values for the period before the crisis. Control of corruption, rule of law, and government effectiveness are the indicators which are statistically different for these sets of countries. The significance of the result is in the segmentation of the corpus of countries with banking crises and the recognition of connections between banking crises, socioeconomic problems, and governance effectiveness in some EU countries.
GuideBot. A Tour Guide System Based on Mobile Robots
Authors: López Joaquín , Pérez Diego , Santos María , Cacho Miguel 
Published: November 2013

There is a growing interest in the use of tour guide mobile robots in different environments such as museums, exhibitions and fairs. This type of robot should have autonomy, robust perception and navigation systems, and should also be oriented towards close interaction with humans. In this paper we present an automatic tour guide system based on a set of mobile platforms that interact with visitors to help them in different tasks. These tasks include giving tours to visitors, helping them find points of interest in a building and providing information about elements in the stands in a fair. Over the last few years, many tour guide robots have been developed and used in museums and at events. Most of these systems are based on a single robot and they do not include mechanisms to exchange information with the building automation system. The approach presented here uses several robots connected to a central server. The system also includes different devices in the building that are connected through a fieldbus to the central server. The system was developed with the Robotics Integrated Development Environment (RIDE) and was tested intensively at different events.
Politicized Spaces and Public Intimacy: The Cookery Books of Henrietta Maria and Elizabeth Cromwell
Authors: Grant Priya 
Published: November 2013

Throughout the periods of the Protectorate and Restoration, images and texts concerning Henrietta Maria and Elizabeth Cromwell were widely circulated for public consumption. Two such documents, themselves examples of royalist propaganda, took the form of recipe books entitled, Queens Closet Opened and The Court & Kitchin of Elizabeth, commonly called Joan Cromwel. These books were published within the same decade, within which the Protectorate failed and the Restoration began. Both highlight the failures of Elizabeth, as representative of the protectorate, and praise Henrietta Maria as an emblem of the monarchy, both past and present. This article examines these cookery books in relation to the political movements the two women inevitably came to represent.
Transition Metal‐Free Regioselective C‐3 Amidation of Indoles with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Liu Hai‐Hong , Wang Yi , Deng Guojun , Yang Luo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA direct transition metal‐free regioselective C‐3 amidation of indoles has been developed with the commercially available N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the amino source under external oxidant‐free conditions. This amidation requires only a catalytic amount of base and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and regioselectivity. The C‐3 regioselectivity was proposed to realize by a free radical mechanism.magnified image
The significance of serum total immunoglobulin E for in vitro diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Chung Daniel , Park K.T. , Yarlagadda Bharat , Davis Elizabeth Mahoney , Platt Michael 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis is diagnosed by clinical parameters with no widely accepted screening test. Measurement of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) has limited use in the general population due to a low negative predictive value. The value of total IgE level in select populations undergoing in vitro allergy testing remains unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the utility of total serum IgE in the in vitro diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients undergoing testing for allergic rhinitis was performed. Clinical parameters, total IgE level, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum‐specific IgE levels were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. The positive and negative predictive values and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the utility of total IgE in predicting serum‐specific IgE test results.ResultsRecords from 1073 patients were reviewed. ROC curve for total IgE >150 IU/mL (Σ 0.88) indicates good discrimination in identifying patients with sensitization by in vitro testing, whereas low total IgE level had strong negative predictive value (0.87, IgE <10) in identifying negative specific IgE testing. Multivariate logistic regression showed that differences in covariables did not significantly change the odds of a positive in vitro allergy test panel.ConclusionSerum total IgE level is useful in the in vitro diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. In vitro testing for specific IgE may be unnecessary in patients with low serum total IgE, whereas high total IgE level suggests that in vitro testing would confirm specific sensitizations in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Over‐expression of Rap2a inhibits glioma migration and invasion by down‐regulating p‐AKT
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhan Wenjian , Xie Shao , Hu Jinxia , Shi Qiong , Zhou Xiuping , Wu Yuxuan , Wang Shiquan , Fei Zhou , Yu Rutong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRas‐oncogenic pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various tumours in humans, in which mutations of three canonical genes including H‐Ras, N‐Ras and K‐Ras are the most common events. Dysregulation of Ras signalling can be tumourigenic, especially gliomas of the central nervous system. Rap proteins are members of the small GTPase superfamily that involved in many biological processes. However, it remains largely unclear as to whether and how Rap proteins are involved in the development of multiple gliomas. We found that the levels of the protein Rap2a and the activity of Rap2a (GTP‐Rap2a) were weakly expressed in glioma tissues. Overexpressed Rap2a significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells with an increase of GTP‐Rap2a. Overexpression of the dominant‐active (DA‐Rap2a), but not the dominant‐negative (DN‐Rap2a) form of Rap2a, also similarly inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells by reducing the phosphorylation level of AKT. In contrast, downregulation of Rap2a promoted glioma migration and invasion, and raised the phosphorylation level of AKT, whereas these effects were inhibited by PI3K‐specific inhibitor, LY294002. Thus unlike the other family members of Ras, Rab2a probably serves as a tumour suppressor in the pathogenesis of glioma.
Loss of Bcl‐2 expression correlates with increasing sensitivity to apoptosis in differentiating ES cells
Authors: Nagahara Yukitoshi , Morita Misa , Nakata Tsubasa , Iba Akitoshi , Shinomiya Takahisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and have a pluripotency to differentiate into a variety of cell types. ES cells have high resistance to environmental stress compared to functional cells, which can undergo apoptosis when stressed. We have investigated whether ES cells have resistance to multiple types of stress or selective stress. Phytosphingosine (PHS) and staurosporine (STS) were used as chemical stressors. PHS induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in several cell lines. STS is a protein kinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis even without mitochondrial involvement. PHS treatment damaged 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, but did not damage ES cells. STS damaged ES cells as well as 3T3 mouse fibroblasts at similar doses. Susceptibility to cell damage is correlated with the retention of the mitochondrial membrane potential. PHS treatment could induce DNA fragmentation in differentiated ES cells. Differences in cell‐death susceptibility between the undifferentiated and differentiated states showed that the mitochondria‐localised anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 was highly expressed in undifferentiated ES cells, which gradually decreased during differentiation. These results suggest that undifferentiated mouse ES cells have a high resistance to mitochondria‐involved extracellular stress.
Zebularine significantly sensitises MEC1 cells to external irradiation and radiopharmaceutical therapy when administered sequentially in vitro
Authors: Bryan Jeffrey N. , Kumar Senthil R. , Jia Fang , Balkin Ethan R. , Lewis Michael R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractZebularine is a cytidine analogue incorporated into DNA during replication, inhibiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), resulting in demethylation and changes in gene expression. Such modification may improve radiosensitivity in resistant lymphoma cells. The hypothesis of this study was that zebularine and radiation would synergistically inhibit cell growth and viability. Human MEC1 malignant B cells were incubated with 0–200 µM zebularine for 48 h. Media containing zebularine was removed, and the cells were irradiated with 0–2 Gy of either external beam irradiation or 177Lu‐DOTA‐TATE, a radiolabelled somatostatin analogue. Concentration and viability were measured over 48–72 h. The proportion of apoptotic cells was identified using an active Caspase 3/7 assay. Zebularine inhibited growth of cells in a dose‐dependent manner during exposure. No residual growth inhibition occurred following removal of the drug. Zebularine and external irradiation inhibited cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent, synergistic interaction, but the effect on viability was additive. Treatment with zebularine and 177Lu‐DOTA‐TATE resulted in less inhibition of proliferation (P = 0.0135), but a synergistic decrease in viability. Apoptotic fraction was much higher in cells irradiated with 177Lu‐DOTA‐TATE than external irradiation. External irradiation induces growth arrest rather than apoptosis. Apoptosis is the primary effect of radiopharmaceutical therapy on tumour cells. Treatment with the methylation inhibitor, zebularine, appears to synergistically augment these natural effects in vitro, which could be exploited clinically.
Survival impact of surgical resection of primary tumor in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer: Results from a large population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ahmed Shahid , Leis Anne , Fields Anthony , Chandra‐Kanthan Selliah , Haider Kamal , Alvi Riaz , Reeder Bruce , Pahwa Punam 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDCurrently, there is very low‐quality evidence available regarding benefit of surgical resection of the primary tumor (SRPT), in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). In the absence of randomization, the reported benefit may reflect selection of younger and healthier patients with good performance status. A large population‐based cohort study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of SRPT in advanced CRC by eliminating various biases reported in the literature.METHODSA retrospective cohort study involving patients with stage IV CRC, diagnosed between 1992 and 2005, in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Survival was estimated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Survival distribution was compared by log‐rank test. Cox proportional multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine survival benefit of SRPT by controlling other prognostic variables.RESULTSA total of 1378 eligible patients were identified. Their median age was 70 years (range, 22‐98 years) and male:female ratio was 1.3:1; 944 (68.5%) of them underwent SRPT. Among 1378 patients, 42.3% received chemotherapy and 19.1% received second‐generation therapy. Patients who underwent SRPT and received chemotherapy had median overall survival of 18.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.6‐20 months) compared with 8.4 months (95% CI = 7.1‐9.7 months) if they were treated with chemotherapy alone (P < .0001). Cox proportional analysis revealed that use of chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.54), SRPT (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.41‐0.58), second‐line chemotherapy (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.64), and metastasectomy (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.64) were correlated with superior survival.CONCLUSIONSSRPT improves survival in patients with stage IV CRC, independent of other prognostic variables including age, performance status, comorbid illness and chemotherapy. Cancer 2014;120:683–691. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Growth‐rate Enhancement of High‐quality, Low‐loss CVD‐produced Diamond Disks Grown for Microwave Windows Application
Authors: Bogdanov Sergey , Vikharev Anatoly , Gorbachev Aleksei , Muchnikov Anatoly , Radishev Dmitry , Ovechkin Nikolai , Parshin Vladimir 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of nitrogen addition on the growth rate, quality, and properties of polycrystalline diamond grown by microwave plasma assisted (MPA)CVD is investigated. Two series of experiments are performed at two different microwave power densities (40 and 110 W cm‐3) using a 2.45 GHz cylindrical microwave reactor. The results show that the beneficial effect of nitrogen is more distinct at higher microwave power densities. To investigate the properties of polycrystalline diamond grown with nitrogen addition, a thick diamond disk of 50 mm diameter is grown with an addition of 50 ppm nitrogen using a 2.45 GHz ellipsoidal microwave reactor. The grown diamond disk has a thermal conductivity of 17.3 W cm‐1 K‐1 and dielectric loss tangent of 3.7 × 10‐5 at a frequency of 170 GHz, and its parameters are suitable for application in microwave windows (e.g., gyrotron windows). Our results indicate that it is possible to achieve the increased (by a factor of 2.5) growth rates by nitrogen addition without significant degradation of diamond quality, and properties such as thermal conductivity and dielectric loss tangent.
Combined antitumor effects of bee venom and cisplatin on human cervical and laryngeal carcinoma cells and their drug resistant sublines
Authors: Gajski Goran , Čimbora‐Zovko Tamara , Rak Sanjica , Rožman Marko , Osmak Maja , Garaj‐Vrhovac Vera 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we investigated the possible combined anticancer ability of bee venom (BV) and cisplatin towards two pairs of tumour cell lines: parental cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and their cisplatin‐resistant HeLa CK subline, as well as laryngeal carcinoma HEp‐2 cells and their cisplatin‐resistant CK2 subline. Additionally, we identified several peptides of BV in the BV sample used in the course of the study and determined the exact concentration of MEL. BV applied alone in concentrations of 30 to 60 µg ml–1 displayed dose‐dependent cytotoxicity against all cell lines tested. Cisplatin‐resistant cervical carcinoma cells were more sensitive to BV than their parental cell lines (IC50 values were 52.50 µg ml–1 for HeLa vs. 47.64 µg ml–1 for HeLa CK cells), whereas opposite results were obtained for cisplatin‐resistant laryngeal carcinoma cells (IC50 values were 51.98 µg ml–1 for HEp‐2 vs. > 60.00 µg ml–1 for CK2 cells). Treatment with BV alone induced a necrotic type of cell death, as shown by characteristic morphological features, fast staining with ethidium‐bromide and a lack of cleavage of apoptotic marker poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) on Western blot. Combined treatment of BV and cisplatin induced an additive and/or weak synergistic effect towards tested cell lines, suggesting that BV could enhance the killing effect of selected cells when combined with cisplatin. Therefore, a greater anticancer effect could be triggered if BV was used in the course of chemotherapy. Our results suggest that combined treatment with BV could be useful from the point of minimizing the cisplatin concentration during chemotherapy, consequently reducing and/or postponing the development of cisplatin resistance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Surface Functional Polymer Nanoparticles by a Bottom‐Up Approach from Tailor‐Made Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Engelhardt Nadine , Ernst Andrea , Kampmann Anne‐Larissa , Weberskirch Ralf 
Published: November 2013

Core‐crosslinked nanoparticles presenting secondary amine functional groups in the hydrophilic shell are synthesized by a bottom‐up approach. The route utilizes polymerization of 2‐oxazolines to prepare tailor‐made block copolymers with a primary or secondary amine end group in the hydrophilic block and alkynyl moieties in the hydrophobic part of the polymer. Upon solubilization in the aqueous media, these block copolymers form micelles that are photocrosslinked by a radical polymerization process to afford two types of core‐crosslinked nanoparticles, either with secondary amines, NP1, or primary amines, NP2, on the surface. The dimensions and stability of the core‐crosslinked nanoparticles are characterized by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The availability and reactivity of the amine groups in the hydrophilic shell are demonstrated by reaction with different aromatic model compounds resulting in a degree of surface functionalization of 4–47% for NP1 nanoparticles with secondary amino groups and a 20–95% degree of surface functionalization for NP2 with primary amine groups, as determined by UV–vis spectroscopy.
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A Study of Morphology Modulation of Honeycomb Hybrid Films and the Interfacial Behavior of Silica Particles within a Patterned Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhou Yuchen , Ju Yuanlai , Yang Li , Xu Tangjie , Chen Zhongren 
Published: November 2013

Honeycomb hybrid films are formed using the particle‐assisted breath figure (BF) method. By adding silica particles into the casting polymer solution, regular arrays of micrometer‐sized pores with interior walls selectively decorated by the particles can be readily prepared. The modulation of the geometrical features of the obtained patterned surface is achieved by simply adjusting the casting conditions or the composition of the silica particle/polymer system. By tuning the amount and interfacial properties of the added particles, variable assembly morphologies of the particles within the pore array are obtained and thoroughly analyzed. The effect of the adsorption of the particles on the interfacial tension between water/solvent is also explored.
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Eccentric contractions of gastrocnemius muscle‐induced nerve damage in rats
Authors: Lee Kihyuk , Kouzaki Karina , Ochi Eisuke , Kobayashi Koji , Tsutaki Arata , Hiranuma Kenji , Kami Katsuya , Nakazato Koichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the effects of gastrocnemius eccentric contractions (ECs) on the sciatic nerve in rats. Methods: Rats were divided randomly into the following 3 groups: control, 180EC (ECs with 180°/s angular velocity), and 30EC (ECs with 30°/s angular velocity). Twenty ECs were induced by electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius. On days 3, 7, and 10 after the ECs, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was measured, and sciatic nerve branches were harvested for analysis. Results: A significant decrease in NCV was observed between the control and day‐7 180EC. Significant reduction in the levels of myelin sheath protein zero (p0) between day 7 and day 3 180EC and a significant increase of macrophage‐related protein and tyrosine kinase receptor C were observed between day 7 180EC and day 7 30EC. Conclusions: ECs with fast angular velocities induce functional and structural damage in innervating nerve. Muscle Nerve 50: 87–94, 2014