bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews current issues in language development regarding two perspectives: Whether language is an innate system with specialized language centers in the brain that involves the reconfiguration of mental and neural systems which are present in other species and continue to serve a nonlinguistic function in the human species, or whether it is an emergent function that results from competition between lexical items, phonological forms, and syntactic patterning. The chapter also reviews the anatomy of language, discusses simulated language learning in neural networks, considers event-related potential studies that relate to language development, and emphasizes special issues in language development. Special issues relate to children with focal brain injury, specific language impairments, and deafness; children with genetic disorders involving language; and children who have been linguistically derived.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in children who are seen in psychiatric clinics. It is estimated to affect children worldwide with an overall prevalence of 5%, and it is a factor in one-third of referrals to child psychiatric clinics. In addition to attentional problems, difficulties with social perception and social awareness commonly occur, leading to psychosocial difficulties. This chapter reviews ADHD with an emphasis on the associated social cognitive and affect regulation problems that lead to dysfunctional relationships in the family and at school. It reviews the history, classification, epidemiology, etiology, environmental risk factors, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, social cognitive domain, interpersonal aspects, effect of the disorder on others, developmental course, diagnostic assessment, and treatment for this disorder.
Challenging Behavior
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Challenging behavior is a term that collectively refers to self-injury, temper outbursts, and aggressive/destructive behavior. These problem behaviors are a major feature in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in severe intellectual developmental disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Aggression toward others and self-injurious behavior are of particular concern for psychiatrists and other health professionals because of their severity, frequency, and resistance to treatment. Aggression/destructive behavior and self-injury have adverse effects on family life and can result in failure of community placement for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, classification, differential diagnosis, assessment, predisposing factors, etiologic models, treatment, and medicolegal issues of challenging behavior.
Intraoperative closure of large full thickness macular holes with perfluorocarbon liquid
Authors: Sabatino Francesco , Banderas-García Sandra , Patton Niall , Dhawahir-Scala Felipe 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To report the role of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and passive extrusion for management of large full thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

Methods:
A standard pars plana vitrectomy with induction of posterior vitreous detachment was performed for all patients. After internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, a bubble of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) was injected over the posterior pole and passive extrusion of fluid was performed with a backflush instrument below the PFCL bubble, without touching the FTMH edges, until the FTMH centre was reached. Intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed formation of an inner retina roof in all cases and confirmed intraoperative FTMH closure. Complete PFCL removal was performed after fluid-air exchange and gas tamponade was utilised in all cases.

Results:
Preoperative FTMH mean aperture size was 761um and standard deviation (SD) 100um (range 682-918um). FTMH closure was achieved in all eyes and visualised intraoperatively with OCT. After an average follow-up of 2 months, there was improvement in the mean BCVA and central scotoma.

Conclusion:
FTMH closure can be achieved intraoperatively with the use of PFCL and passive extrusion. The described surgical technique could be a valid alternative for repair of large FTMHs.
Panuveitis after ultraviolet light treatments for light adjustable intraocular lens
Authors: Wang Jay C. , Ramirez Jose , Khurana Rahul N. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To resport a case of panuveitis after light adjustable intraocular lens (LAL) implantation and ultraviolet (UV) light treatment.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 68-year-old woman with a history of herpes zoster without ocular involvement presented with panuveitis in her right eye two weeks after a UV light lock-in treatment for a recently implanted LAL. An infectious and inflammatory workup was only notable for positive HSV-1 and VZV IgG, but the patient did not have any history of ocular HSV or VZV. Over the course of five months, the panuveitis resolved completely with topical steroids and the patient had a good visual outcome.

Conclusion:
Though causality cannot be established in this case, physicians should be aware of the possibility of uveitis after UV light treatments. Extra caution should be observed in patients with history of herpetic disease.
Comparison of Automated and Manual Measurement of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Eyes With Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Kittipibul Thanachaporn , Unhale Rutuja , Bonnet Clemence , Tseng Chi-Hong , Deng Sophie X. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of manual and automated corneal epithelial thickness (CET) assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in eyes with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Methods:
Eighty-seven eyes from 64 patients with LSCD and 65 eyes from 39 healthy subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. OCT images of corneas were acquired using a Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The automated measurement of CET was obtained using the manufacturer's program and the manual measurements were obtained by 2 masked observers. The average CET was obtained from 3 consecutive epithelial profile maps. The average CET of manual measurement was obtained from 3 consecutive cross-line scans using 3-point measurement as previously described.

Results:
The central CET was thinner in patients with LSCD compared with healthy individuals by both manual and automated measurements. Automated CET measurements were similar to the manually obtained CET in the healthy controls (r = 0.911). However, there is a lower correlation between the automated and manually obtained CET in the LSCD group (r = 0.497). Manual measurements of CET (39.8 ± 11 μm) in eyes with LSCD were significantly lower than the automated measurements (48.8 ± 7.2 μm, P = 0.001, 95% CI -11.0 to −6.9). The correlations between the automated and manually obtained measurements in the mild, moderate, and severe stages of LSCD were 0.623, 0.632, and 0.378, respectively.

Conclusions:
There is a large discrepancy between the manual and automated measurements in eyes with LSCD but not in normal eyes. Automated measurements in LSCD exhibited a higher rate of errors and nonuniform measurements due to the presence of subepithelial scars. Automated CET measurements appear to be unreliable in eyes with corneal scars in LSCD.
Müller Muscle Conjunctival Resection: A Prospective Multicenter Comparison of Eyelid Height at the Immediate, 1-Week, and 3-Month Postoperative Time Points
Authors: Lussier Charlotte , El-Khazen Dupuis Jessica , Leung Victoria C. , Ashraf Davin C. , Idowu Oluwatobi O. , Massicotte Erika , Vagefi M. Reza , Kersten Robert C. , Kalin-Hajdu Evan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The primary objective was to document change in postoperative marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD1) after Müller muscle conjunctival resection surgery. The secondary objective was to identify predictors of change in postoperative MRD1.

Methods:
A multicenter prospective cohort study was performed on patients consecutively recruited for Müller muscle conjunctival resection. MRD1 was measured immediately after Müller muscle conjunctival resection, at the 1-week postoperative visit, and the ≥3-month postoperative visit. MRD1 at the immediate and 1-week time points were compared with MRD1 ≥3 months using descriptive statistics. Predictors of change in MRD1 were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 150 patients (226 eyelids) were included. Regarding the immediate to ≥3-month interval, 53.8% of eyelids remained clinically similar (rise or fall ≤0.5 mm), 19.8% rose ≥1 mm, and 26.4% fell ≥1 mm. Regarding the 1-week to ≥3-month interval, 76.5% remained clinically similar, 17.3% rose ≥1 mm, and 6.2% fell ≥1 mm. No variable predicted change in MRD1 over either interval with both clinical and statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Immediate postoperative MRD1 is likely to reflect the late result in only 54% of cases. However, 1-week postoperative MRD1 is similar to the late result in 77% of cases and is highly unlikely (6%) to fall by the final visit. No variable significantly impacts change in postoperative MRD1.
Factors Associated With Nasogastric Tube Placement-Related Complications in a Single Academic Medical Center
Authors: Pickel Whitney , Talbott Elizabeth , Abram Justine , Bernardi Richard , Forester DaWanda , Hawkins Joshua , Henry Jennifer , Nesbitt Danielle , Smith Candice , Gray Keith 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
At our 710-bed academic medical center, nine (9) patients sustained injuries during nasogastric (NG) tube insertion attempts over a 16-month period (March 2021–July 2022). No injuries were reported during the comparable period before these events. This increase in reported events prompted an in-depth analysis to determine the root causes and implement a process improvement plan.

Methods:
Root cause analysis (RCA) of these events failed to identify risk factors or actionable themes. The RCAs demonstrated wide variation in the number of insertion attempts and techniques.

Results:
A standard process was created to provide team members with guidance for escalation when NG tube placement was difficult.

Conclusions:
Although the complication rate for NG tube insertion was comparable with the criterion standard for large tertiary care institutions, we focused on minimizing risk and improving outcomes by creating a standard process for NG tube placement.
Dinutuximab-beta after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation improved event-free survival of newly diagnosed children with high-risk neuroblastoma but overall survival remains unchanged: Saudi Arabia's multi-institutional experiences
Authors: AlAzmi Aeshah A. , Awwad Sameh , Essa Mohammed , Althubaiti Sami , AlSenaini Ghusun , Al Shaikh Adnan M. , Amer Samar A. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Despite the use of multimodal therapy to treat high-risk neuroblastoma, the prognosis of this patient population remains poor. The addition of dinutuximab-beta to standard maintenance therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) has been found to improve survival rates. We present treatment outcome of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR NBL) before and after the introduction of dinutuximab-beta in comprehensive large cancer centers in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of all patients aged 1–14 years diagnosed with HR-NBL who received multimodal therapy including dinutuximab-beta during maintenance phase after auto-PBSCT compared with patients who did not receive between 2015 and 2020. Supportive therapy was administered to manage dinutuximab-beta-associated adverse events.

Results:
The treatment outcome was evaluated for 32 patients (21 received dinutuximab-beta and 11 patients did not receive it). Among 21 patients who received dinutuximab-beta, 12 (57.1%) patients received all planned five cycles of dinutuximab-beta (cumulative 100% of the dose) and 9 (42.9%) patients received less than 5 cycles of dinutuximab-beta maintenance mainly secondary to toxicities, which is reported in 11.1%, and progressive disease during dinutuximab-beta therapy, which is reported in 88.9%. The 5-year mean and median survival were 67.3 and 99 months, respectively, while the overall survival (OS) rate was approximately 57%. The mean and median disease-free survival (DFS) were 36.3 and 20 months, respectively, while the DFS rate was approximately 22%. There was nonsignificant difference in OS and DFS between patients who received dinutuximab-beta and patients who did not receive it (P values 0.970 and 0.113). From all examined factors, there were no statistically significant differences between patients who received dinutuximab-beta and patients who did not receive it with the baseline characteristics, except for relapse status with P = 0.013, time from PBSCT to relapse with P = 0.023, and mortality with P=0.049. Dinutuximab-beta maintenance treatment was generally well tolerated with proper use of supportive therapy, with the most prevalent toxicities being nonhematological in nature and being reported in 52%.

Conclusion:
There is a noticeable improvement and reduction in disease progression-free survival with manageable adverse events in patients who received dinutuximab-beta maintenance therapy, but the overall survival rate remains unchanged.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Serum-Free Media Supplemented with Protein Isolates for Bovine Satellite Cell Proliferation: A Sustainable Approach for Cultivated Meat Production
Authors: Amirvaresi Arian , Ovissipour Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the short- and long-term efficacy of serum-free media supplemented with protein isolates from algae, alfalfa, silkworm pupae, and grasshoppers for the proliferation of bovine satellite cells (BSCs). Fresh and spent media were analyzed to monitor metabolites, while cell proliferation was assessed using the CyQUANT assay. The results of the short-term growth study indicated that a lower concentration of alfalfa protein isolate (0.05 mg/mL) significantly enhanced cell proliferation, achieving a 1.47-fold increase compared to basal media, thereby demonstrating its potential as a viable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS). The capability of the developed serum-free media for cell passaging was examined using different coating strategies, with vitronectin outperforming others; however, it was unable to support the long-term growth of cells compared to FBS-containing media. Given the critical role of glutamine, this study also evaluates the impact of L-glutamine supplementation at different concentrations on cell growth and metabolism in alfalfa-based media. However, while glutamine supplementation showed trends toward increased cell growth, the enhancements were not statistically significant. Based on the results, this study highlights the potential of alfalfa protein isolate as a promising component of serum-free media for BSC proliferation and underscores the need for continued research into alternative protein sources and media formulations to support the sustainable and ethical production of cultivated meat.
Withaferin A reduces pulmonary eosinophilia and IL-25 production in a mouse model of allergic airways disease
Authors: Agner Kevin , McQuade Victoria L. , Womble Jack , Guttenberg Marissa A. , Phatak Sanat , Ingram Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral studies report that ashwagandha, a traditional Ayurvedic supplement, has anti-inflammatory properties. Type 2 (T2) asthma is characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice would be reduced following administration of Withaferin A (WFA), the primary active phytochemical in Ashwagandha. C57BL/6J mice were given 10 total intra-peritoneal injections of 2 mg/kg WFA or vehicle control, concurrent with 6 total intranasal administrations of 50 µg house dust mite extract (HDM) or saline control over 2 weeks. We observed that treatment with WFA reduced allergen-induced peribronchial inflammation and airway eosinophil counts compared to mice treated with controls. In addition, we observed that treatment with WFA reduced lung levels of interleukin-25 (IL-25) but increased lung gene expression levels of its co-receptor,Il17ra, in HDM-challenged mice compared to HDM-challenged mice that received the vehicle control. This study pinpoints a potential mechanism by which WFA modulates allergen-induced airway eosinophilia via the IL-25 signaling pathway. Future studies will investigate the effects of WFA administration on lung eosinophilia and IL-25 signaling in the context of chronic allergen-challenge.
Perceived environmental responsibility: how environmental pollution promotes self-improvement product preference
Authors: Wang Yaming , Han Jie , Li Junhai , Mou Chunlan 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis research is aimed to examine how environmental pollution affects consumers' preference for self-improvement products.Design/methodology/approachThrough a series of three experimental studies, this research substantiates our hypotheses by employing various manipulations of environmental pollution and examining different types of self-improvement products.FindingsThe research demonstrates that environmental pollution enhances consumers' preference for self-improvement products via the mediation of perceived environmental responsibility. And the effect is negatively moderated by social equity sensitivity.Originality/valueThe recurrent incidence of environmental pollution has elicited significant concern among the general public and academic scholars. An overwhelming majority of research examining the impact of pollution on consumer behavior has concentrated on its influence on environmentally friendly and healthy consumption patterns. Nevertheless, the current research proposes that pollution fosters a preference for products associated with self-improvement, mediated by perceived environmental responsibility, with the effects being moderated by social equity sensitivity.
Labor discrimination in the higher education system of Georgia: problems and modern challenges
Authors: Paresashvili Nino , Okruashvili Nanuli , Tikishvili Mzia , Pirtskhalaishvili Dea 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This paper is dedicated to labor discrimination, the most challenging and acute problem of the modern higher education system, which is one of the primary global concerns of the 21st century in higher education. This study aims to analyze the causes of discrimination in the higher education system of Georgia, to determine the priority types and forms of discrimination in the process of career management of personnel employed in educational institutions and to develop specific recommendations based on the successful antidiscrimination experience of developed countries, which will contribute to the development of an effective mechanism for eliminating discrimination in the higher education system of Georgia.

Design/methodology/approach
The statistical software package was used to process the data obtained during the research process. Throughout the analysis, numerous statistical techniques were employed, such as conducting an interview, running Mann–Whitney test, hypothesis testing, ANOVA test and much more. It is important to emphasize that various important hypotheses were developed during the research process. Finally, we presented conclusions and recommendations.

Findings
The study found that personnel discrimination is a severe, urgent and pervasive problem in Georgia. As a result of research, hypotheses N1, N2, N4, N5 and N7 were confirmed. In particular, the respondents’ discrimination is influenced by their field of employment; employees with low- and medium-level job positions are the most frequently discriminated against in both the private and public sectors; discrimination in both sectors has an impact on a person's work performance, personal life and health; weakening oversight of discriminatory issues leads to increased discrimination in both sectors.

Research limitations/implications
One of the disadvantages of the mentioned study is that it was only conducted in several Georgian universities. The results of the study can be generalized only to the employees of the universities participating in the study. In the future, research is planned in all universities in Georgia, which will give us a unified picture. In addition, it would be ideal to do international research with foreign colleagues to compare the described findings by country.

Practical implications
The authors anticipate that the mentioned study’s findings will have theoretical and practical implications. Universities must consider the recommendations presented, as doing so will significantly reduce discrimination and employee stress levels. As a result, their performance and sense of belonging inside the organization will improve.

Originality/value
This study is a novelty in terms of Georgian reality, as the discrimination exploration has not been investigated in the higher education. Therefore, all the interested parties, such as policymakers, institutions, scholars and far more, will benefit from the findings.
Deaths in custody in Senegal from 2017-2019: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Seck Famara , Kinner Stuart A. , Borschmann Rohan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aims to document the incidence and causes of deaths in custody in Senegal from 2017 to 2019 and to describe the demographic and criminal justice characteristics of decedents.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examined medical records and death reports relating to all deaths occurring between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 during a period of incarceration in Senegal.

Findings
Among the estimated 83,568 people incarcerated in Senegal during the study period, 83 deaths were recorded in custody; 24 in 2017, 32 in 2018 and 27 in 2019. This resulted in a rate of 1.0 deaths per 1,000 incarcerated people. Of the 83 decedents identified, 79 (95%) were males. Similar proportions of decedents were serving custodial sentences (n = 44; 53%) and awaiting trial (n = 39; 47%) at the time of death. Most deaths were recorded as being because of natural causes (n = 67; 81%); the most common causes recorded were cardiovascular disease (n = 22; 27%), cancer (n = 12; 15%) and infectious diseases (n = 11; 13%). Two people (2.4%) died by suicide, and one (1.2%) died as a result of interpersonal violence. Most deaths (n = 59; 71%) occurred in hospitals, 14 (17%) occurred in prisons and 7 (8%) occurred in prison health centers.

Originality/value
The authors observed a higher rate of death and a markedly lower proportion of deaths in custody in Senegal because of suicide and violence, when compared with similar studies from high-income countries. The findings of this study point to a need for greater investment in screening, health care and health promotion in custodial settings to reduce potentially preventable deaths among people in custody in Senegal.