bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraging Benefits in a Colour Polymorphic Neotropical Orb Web Spider
Authors: Rao Dinesh , Castañeda‐Barbosa Ernesto , Nuñez‐Beverido Nicolas , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConspicuous body colouration in sedentary predators such as orb web spiders seems paradoxical as potential prey can see and avoid the webs. Several studies have demonstrated that rather than deterring prey, the colours act as sensory traps for flower‐seeking insects. In chromatically polymorphic species, the existence of more than one colour morph may lead to differing levels of prey attraction. To explore these issues, we studied a neotropical orb web spider, Verrucosa arenata, which shows colour polymorphism with predominantly white or yellow abdomen colours. We asked whether a particular morph is dominant in the population, and whether a particular morph is associated with enhanced foraging success and body condition. Here we showed that although yellow morphs attracted more prey, white morphs were in better body condition. We showed that model prey such as honeybees are able to discriminate between the morphs. We discuss these findings in relation to the functional significance of bright body colouration and colour polymorphism in spiders.
Comparison of the cracking energy density and the Smith–Watson–Topper parameters in predicting fretting fatigue lifetime of a steel/aluminum alloy contact
Authors: Belloula A. , Amrouche A. , Nait‐Abdelaziz M. , Benseddiq N. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMany multiaxial fatigue parameters are available to estimate the onset of the crack initiation in mechanical components subjected to fretting fatigue conditions. This study focuses on the ability of the cracking energy density parameter to predict the fretting fatigue life. To estimate this, obtained predictions are compared with those given by another commonly used parameter, namely the Smith–Watson–Topper parameter. First, fretting fatigue experiments were achieved using a new designed setup with a mono‐contact configuration (aluminum/steel). A finite element model was used to compute the stress/strain fields around the contact zone. Because of the high stress gradient in the contact zone, the estimates of the two fatigue parameters, when using the mechanical quantities on the most loaded material point, lead to too conservative predicted values. It was therefore necessary to define a kind of process zone in which crack nucleation takes place. Using an averaging method to compute stress and strain in this zone, the obtained results show a quite good agreement between the estimated fatigue life and experimental data, whatever the used fatigue indicator. The size of this zone was then compared with the material microstructure and seems to be in the same magnitude that the average grain size.
Response of wheat restricted‐tillering and vigorous growth traits to variables of climate change
Authors: Dias de Oliveira Eduardo A. , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Bramley Helen , Stefanova Katia , Palta Jairo A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe response of wheat to the variables of climate change includes elevated CO2, high temperature, and drought which vary according to the levels of each variable and genotype. Independently, elevated CO2, high temperature, and terminal drought affect wheat biomass and grain yield, but the interactive effects of these three variables are not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of elevated CO2 when combined with high temperature and terminal drought on the high‐yielding traits of restricted‐tillering and vigorous growth. It was hypothesized that elevated CO2 alone, rather than combined with high temperature, ameliorates the effects of terminal drought on wheat biomass and grain yield. It was also hypothesized that wheat genotypes with more sink capacity (e.g. high‐tillering capacity and leaf area) have more grain yield under combined elevated CO2, high temperature, and terminal drought. Two pairs of sister lines with contrasting tillering and vigorous growth were grown in poly‐tunnels in a four‐factor completely randomized split‐plot design with elevated CO2 (700 µL L−1), high day time temperature (3 °C above ambient), and drought (induced from anthesis) in all combinations to test whether elevated CO2 ameliorates the effects of high temperature and terminal drought on biomass accumulation and grain yield. For biomass and grain yield, only main effects for climate change variables were significant. Elevated CO2 significantly increased grain yield by 24–35% in all four lines and terminal drought significantly reduced grain yield by 16–17% in all four lines, while high temperature (3 °C above the ambient) had no significant effect. A trade‐off between yield components limited grain yield in lines with greater sink capacity (free‐tillering lines). This response suggests that any positive response to predicted changes in climate will not overcome the limitations imposed by the trade‐off in yield components.
Survival after acute kidney injury requiring dialysis: Long‐term follow up
Authors: Duran Paula A. , Concepcion Luis A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractData on long‐term follow up after acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe and identify factors associated with survival, recovery of kidney function at discharge, and long‐term follow up of renal function in AKI patients requiring dialysis. All AKI patients requiring dialysis during calendar year 2000–2011 treated with conventional hemodialysis and daily shift continuous venovenous hemodialysis (8‐hour 40 L dialysate) were included. The data were mean and SD. The results were: 65.8% male; 33.9% diabetic; 75% dipstick positive proteinuria on admission; 72.5% medical AKI; and 27.6% surgical AKI of those (14.2%) who had postcardiovascular surgery. At discharge mortality by cause of AKI: medical 25%, surgical 29.8%; and at the end of study: medical 35.3%, surgical 43.6%. Two‐hundred thirty‐four patients were discharged alive (mortality 26%). Forty‐two died after discharge; 50% in the first 156 days post discharge. Mortality at the end of study was 37.8%. Follow‐up (F/U) (1–86 m). At discharge, 200 recovered from kidney function (63.2%), and of those who died in the hospital 80.5% did not recover from kidney function (died dialysis dependent). Baseline serum creatinine was 1.33 mg/dL (0.64), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 63.4 mL/minute (29.3), peak creatinine 6.3 mg/dL (2.9), and peak blood urea nitrogen 88.1 mg/dL (39.9). At discharge, serum creatinine was 3.1 mg/dL (2.1) and eGFR was 31.6 mL/minute (27.4); at 6 months, creatinine was 1.66 mg/dL (1.1) and eGFR was 60.8(36); at all F/U times, the creatinine was higher and eGFR was lower than the baseline values (P < 0.05). Of the nonsurvivors, the only significant difference was a lower albumin at baseline (2.9 vs. 3.1 g/dL) (P < 0.05) and lower peak creatinine (5.5 vs. 6.8 mg/dL) (P < 0.05). The mean survival time was 45.4 months. The survival of the patients who recovered from kidney function at discharge was longer than the ones who did not recover (59.7 vs. 16 m, P < 0.05). By Cox regression, the factors significant for survival were peak creatinine and status at discharge. During follow up (data up to 54 months), the percentage of patients with eGFR < 60 mL/minute decreased from 90.9% at discharge to 63.6% at 24 months, then increased to 81.8% at 30 months and longer. The percentage of patients with eGFR < 30 mL/minute decreased from 45.4% at discharge to 18.2% at 24 months to increase at a later date (27–36%). The percentage of patients with eGFR < 15 mL/minute decreased from 45.45% at discharge to 18% until 24 months of follow up (to increase to 27.7% at later dates). AKI requiring dialysis has a significant effect on GFR with almost 80% of the survivors having chronic kidney disease stage 3 or worse. Furthermore, progression was observed on the long‐term follow up. Factors affecting the survival included peak creatinine and status of recovery of kidney function at discharge.
Predictors for nephrology outpatient care and recurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after an in‐hospital AKI episode
Authors: Xie Mingyang , Iqbal Sameena 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased long‐term risk of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality. Nephrology care following discharge from hospital may improve survival through prevention of recurrent AKI events. In this study, we examined the factors that were associated with outpatient nephrology follow‐up after the development of AKI on patients who had a nephrology in‐hospital consultation and were discharged from McGill University Health Centre between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. The associated factors for AKI‐free survival postdischarge were assessed applying multivariate Cox hazard proportional models. Of 170 patients, only 22% of the AKI admissions studied were booked with nephrology follow‐up after discharge. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of outpatient nephrology care postdischarge was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–3.56) for AKI‐free survival postdischarge. The adjusted HR was 2.04 (95% CI 1.01–4.12) when we adjusted for follow‐up with other medical clinics, significant stage 4 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease and diabetes status. Patients with less comorbidities and higher serum creatinine on discharge received outpatient nephrology care. Nephrology outpatient care is associated with decreased risk of recurrence of AKI after discharge from hospital.
Eyeing the complications of hemodialysis in the eye
Authors: Jindal Nidhi , Misra Madhukar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effect of hemodialysis (HD) on intraocular pressure (IOP) is variable and the exact mechanisms are not clear. Increased, decreased, as well as unchanged IOP has been described during HD in various case reports and studies. Patients with certain types of glaucoma and aqueous outflow obstruction of any other cause might be more susceptible to increase in IOP. This can cause severe eye pain, blurry vision, and headaches, causing significant morbidity for such dialysis patients. Certain changes in dialysis prescription may help relieve the above symptoms. There is a lack of awareness among nephrologists about the effects of HD on IOP. This may be especially relevant in the African American patients who besides having a higher risk of developing end‐stage renal disease also have a higher risk of developing glaucoma. Recognition as well as management of signs and symptoms of elevated IOP in the dialysis population is significant morbidity and unnecessary work‐up.
Parent's information seeking in acute childhood illness: what helps and what hinders decision making?
Authors: Neill Sarah J. , Jones Caroline H.D. , Lakhanpaul Monica , Roland Damian T. , Thompson Matthew J. ,   the ASK SNIFF research team
Published: October 2014

AbstractContextAcute illness is a universal experience in early childhood. Parents find it difficult to determine whether or not their child requires medical care and seek information to inform their decision making. Little is known about parents' information seeking behaviour and what helps or hinders their decision making.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore parents' use of information resources during decision making in acute childhood illness at home.Design/MethodThis exploratory qualitative study used focus groups and interviews to collect data from parents of children under 5 years of age.Setting and participantsTwenty‐seven parents were recruited in the East Midlands, UK, in South Asian and Gypsy/Travelling communities, a Children's Centre and a private sector day nursery.FindingsParents' pre‐consultation information seeking was dominated by the internet, albeit with limited success. Parents liked easy to access, professionally validated and simple messages with access to more detailed information. Some parents always sought information through personal contact, whilst others did so when independent information seeking failed. When consulting a healthcare professional, parents liked to be given information to refer to later, although the information received varied. Importantly, neither hard copy nor the internet was accessible for parents with low levels of literacy.Discussion and conclusionsAlthough there is a wealth of information parents can access independently, our findings indicate a need for easy access to clearly signposted, professionally validated resources and available in a range of formats provided through different delivery systems. One size does not fit all.
Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Myositis Ossificans of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Muscle in a Dog
Authors: Morton Bridget A. , Hettlich Bianca F. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo report clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, and outcome in a dog with traumatic myositis ossificans of the origin of the extensor carpi radialis muscle.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsAn 8‐month‐old intact female Irish Setter Dog.MethodsAfter radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of an osseous proliferation arising from the cranial cortex of the right distal humeral diaphysis, the protruding bone was surgically removed and evaluated by histopathology.ResultsTraumatic myositis ossificans was successfully treated with surgical removal of the osseous proliferation resulting in improved postoperative range of motion of the right elbow joint. There was no evidence of lameness or abnormal bone regrowth associated with the surgical site radiographically at follow up.ConclusionSurgical removal of a traumatic myositis ossificans lesion resulted in full return to function in a young, competitive show dog.
Primary syphilis in HIV‐negative patients is on the rise in Greece: epidemiological data for the period 2005–2012 from a tertiary referral centre in Athens, Greece
Authors: Kanelleas A. , Stefanaki C. , Stefanaki I. , Bezrondii G. , Paparizos V. , Arapaki A. , Kripouri Z. , Antoniou C. , Nicolaidou E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological data on primary syphilis in Greece are limited.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the trends of the disease in Greece during the last few years and whether they are in accordance with the trends in other European countries and the United States of America.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis based on records of patients who visited the Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit of ‘A. Sygros’ Hospital in Athens, Greece, during the period 2005–2012. Our hospital is a tertiary referral centre for sexually transmitted infections covering an area of more than four million people, which is almost half the population of Greece. We documented the total annual number of patients, the male to female ratio, sexual orientation, patients’ ethnic origin and education level.ResultsWe reviewed the records of 1185 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of primary syphilis. The total number of patients with primary syphilis has risen from 111 in 2005 to 158 in 2012, an increase of 42.3%. The mean annual number is 148. The mean male to female ratio is 4.76 : 1, with a peak value of 8.50 : 1 in 2011. The majority of patients are of Greek origin, ranging from 67.4% to 87.2%. Within the male patients group, it seems that the percentage of men having sex with men has risen steadily from 2005 (20.7%) up to 2010 (59.1%) with a decline in 2012 (46.0%). The mean value over 8 years is 45.0%.ConclusionPrimary syphilis in Greece is on the rise. Τhe majority of our patients are Greek, despite immigrant influx. Men clearly outnumber women, representing more than 80% of the total number of patients. Furthermore, there seems to be a trend towards predominance of men having sex with men as the core group among male patients.
Local adaptation and divergence in colour signal conspicuousness between monomorphic and polymorphic lineages in a lizard
Authors: McLean C. A. , Moussalli A. , Stuart‐Fox D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPopulation differences in visual environment can lead to divergence in multiple components of animal coloration including signalling traits and colour patterns important for camouflage. Divergence may reflect selection imposed by different receivers (conspecifics, predators), which depends in turn on the location of the colour patch. We tested for local adaptation of two genetically and phenotypically divergent lineages of a rock‐inhabiting lizard, Ctenophorus decresii, by comparing the visual contrast of colour patches to different receivers in native and non‐native environments. The lineages differ most notably in male throat coloration, which is polymorphic in the northern lineage and monomorphic in the southern lineage, but also differ in dorsal and lateral coloration, which is visible to both conspecifics and potential predators. Using models of animal colour vision, we assessed whether lineage‐specific throat, dorsal and lateral coloration enhanced conspicuousness to conspecifics, increased crypsis to birds or both, respectively, when viewed against the predominant backgrounds from each lineage. Throat colours were no more conspicuous against native than non‐native rock but contrasted more strongly with native lichen, which occurs patchily on rocks inhabited by C. decresii. Conversely, neck coloration (lateral) more closely matched native lichen. Furthermore, although dorsal coloration of southern males was consistently more conspicuous to birds than that of northern males, both lineages had similar absolute conspicuousness against their native backgrounds. Combined, our results are consistent with local adaptation of multiple colour traits in relation to multiple receivers, suggesting that geographic variation in background colour has influenced the evolution of lineage‐specific coloration in C. decresii.
Systematic derivation of an Australian standard for Tall Man lettering to distinguish similar drug names
Authors: Emmerton Lynne , Rizk Mariam F.S. , Bedford Graham , Lalor Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesConfusion between similar drug names can cause harmful medication errors. Similar drug names can be visually differentiated using a typographical technique known as Tall Man lettering. While international conventions exist to derive Tall Man representation for drug names, there has been no national standard developed in Australia. This paper describes the derivation of a risk‐based, standardized approach for use of Tall Man lettering in Australia, and known as National Tall Man Lettering.MethodA three‐stage approach was applied. An Australian list of similar drug names was systematically compiled from the literature and clinical error reports. Secondly, drug name pairs were prioritized using a risk matrix based on the likelihood of name confusion (a four‐component score) vs. consensus ratings of the potential severity of the confusion by 31 expert reviewers. The mid‐type Tall Man convention was then applied to derive the typography for the highest priority drug pair names.ResultsOf 250 pairs of confusable Australian drug names, comprising 341 discrete names, 35 pairs were identified by the matrix as an ‘extreme’ risk if confused. The mid‐type Tall Man convention was successfully applied to the majority of the prioritized drugs; some adaption of the convention was required.ConclusionThis systematic process for identification of confusable drug names and associated risk, followed by application of a convention for Tall Man lettering, has produced a standard now endorsed for use in clinical settings in Australia. Periodic updating is recommended to accommodate new drug names and error reports.
Nurses' self‐reported medication competence in relation to their pharmacovigilant activities in clinical practice
Authors: Johansson‐Pajala Rose‐Marie , Martin Lene , Fastbom Johan , Jorsäter Blomgren Kerstin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major health problem and previous studies show that nurses can have an active role in promoting medication safety. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate nurses' self‐reported competence and pharmacovigilant activities in clinical practice and also to explore the impact of age, education, workplace and nursing experience on these matters.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on a questionnaire covering areas related to nurses' medication competence, including knowledge, assessment and information retrieval, and pharmacovigilant activities within these areas, for example, the detection and assessment of ADRs. A 45‐item questionnaire was 2013 sent out to 296 nurses in different settings and counties in Sweden. They were selected on the basis of having applied to a university course including pharmacovigilance during 2008–2011. One hundred twenty‐four had participated in the courses (exposed) and 172 had applied to the courses but not participated (unexposed).ResultsCompleted questionnaires were obtained from 75 exposed (60%) and 93 unexposed (54%) nurses. Overall nurses rated themselves high in medication competence but low in pharmacovigilant activities. Significant (P ≤ 0.001) differences between groups were observed regarding medication competence. The exposure of completed dedicated courses in pharmacovigilance was the strongest factor for self‐reported medication competence when adjusted for age, other education, workplace and experience. No significant differences between the groups were found regarding the number of pharmacovigilant activities during the 6 months prior to answering the questionnaire.ConclusionDedicated university courses improved nurses' self‐reported competence in pharmacovigilance but did not increase the number of related activities. Education per se seems to be not sufficient to generate pharmacovigilant activities among nurses.
Validation of Persian rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry
Authors: Pakpour Amir H. , Lawson Douglas M. , Tadakamadla Santosh K. , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to establish the psychometric properties of the Rapid Estimate of adult Literacy in Dentistry‐99 (REALD‐99) in the Persian language for use in an Iranian population (IREALD‐99).MethodsA total of 421 participants with a mean age of 28 years (59% male) were included in the study. Participants included those who were 18 years or older and those residing in Quazvin (a city close to Tehran), Iran. A forward–backward translation process was used for the IREALD‐99. The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry (TOFHLiD) was also administrated. The validity of the IREALD‐99 was investigated by comparing the IREALD‐99 across the categories of education and income levels. To further investigate, the correlation of IREALD‐99 with TOFHLiD was computed. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data to assess unidimensionality and strong first factor. The Rasch mathematical model was used to evaluate the contribution of each item to the overall measure, and whether the data were invariant to differences in sex. Reliability was estimated with Cronbach's α and test–retest correlation.ResultsCronbach's alpha for the IREALD‐99 was 0.98, indicating strong internal consistency. The test–retest correlation was 0.97. IREALD‐99 scores differed by education levels. IREALD‐99 scores were positively related to TOFHLiD scores (rh = 0.72, P < 0.01). In addition, IREALD‐99 showed positive correlation with self‐rated oral health status (rh = 0.31, P < 0.01) as evidence of convergent validity. The PCA indicated a strong first component, five times the strength of the second component and nine times the third. The empirical data were a close fit with the Rasch mathematical model. There was not a significant difference in scores with respect to income level (P = 0.09), and only the very lowest income level was significantly different (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe IREALD‐99 exhibited excellent reliability on repeated administrations, as well as internal consistency. The IREALD‐99 can be used for the basic screening of oral health literacy among the Iranian population.