bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐waveform based microseismic event detection and signal enhancement: An application of the subspace approach
Authors: Song Fuxian , Warpinski Norm R. , Toksöz M. Nafi , Kuleli H. Sadi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMicroseismic monitoring has proven invaluable for optimizing hydraulic fracturing stimulations and monitoring reservoir changes. The signal to noise ratio of the recorded microseismic data varies enormously from one dataset to another, and it can often be very low, especially for surface monitoring scenarios. Moreover, the data are often contaminated by correlated noises such as borehole waves in the downhole monitoring case. These issues pose a significant challenge for microseismic event detection. In addition, for downhole monitoring, the location of microseismic events relies on the accurate polarization analysis of the often weak P‐wave to determine the event azimuth. Therefore, enhancing the microseismic signal, especially the low signal to noise ratio P‐wave data, has become an important task. In this study, a statistical approach based on the binary hypothesis test is developed to detect the weak events embedded in high noise. The method constructs a vector space, known as the signal subspace, from previously detected events to represent similar, yet significantly variable microseismic signals from specific source regions. Empirical procedures are presented for building the signal subspace from clusters of events. The distribution of the detection statistics is analysed to determine the parameters of the subspace detector including the signal subspace dimension and detection threshold. The effect of correlated noise is corrected in the statistical analysis. The subspace design and detection approach is illustrated on a dual‐array hydrofracture monitoring dataset. The comparison between the subspace approach, array correlation method, and array short‐time average/long‐time average detector is performed on the data from the far monitoring well. It is shown that, at the same expected false alarm rate, the subspace detector gives fewer false alarms than the array short‐time average/long‐time average detector and more event detections than the array correlation detector. The additionally detected events from the subspace detector are further validated using the data from the nearby monitoring well. The comparison demonstrates the potential benefit of using the subspace approach to improve the microseismic viewing distance. Following event detection, a novel method based on subspace projection is proposed to enhance weak microseismic signals. Examples on field data are presented, indicating the effectiveness of this subspace‐projection‐based signal enhancement procedure.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals artificial selection on coat colour and reproductive traits in Chinese domestic pigs
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Hongyang , Zhang Yu , Tang Zhonglin , Li Kui , Liu Bang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPigs from Asia and Europe were independently domesticated from c. 9000 years ago. During this period, strong artificial selection has led to dramatic phenotypic changes in domestic pigs. However, the genetic basis underlying these morphological and behavioural adaptations is relatively unknown, particularly for indigenous Chinese pigs. Here, we performed a genome‐wide analysis to screen 196 regions with selective sweep signals in Tongcheng pigs, which are a typical indigenous Chinese breed. Genes located in these regions have been found to be involved in lipid metabolism, melanocyte differentiation, neural development and other biological processes, which coincide with the evolutionary phenotypic changes in this breed. A synonymous substitution, c.669T>C, in ESR1, which colocalizes with a major quantitative trait locus for litter size, shows extreme differences in allele frequency between Tongcheng pigs and wild boars. Notably, the variant C allele in this locus exhibits high allele frequency in most Chinese populations, suggesting a consequence of positive selection. Five genes (PRM1, PRM2, TNP2, GPR149 and JMJD1C) related to reproductive traits were found to have high haplotype similarity in Chinese breeds. Two selected genes, MITF and EDNRB, are implied to shape the two‐end black colour trait in Tongcheng pig. Subsequent SNP microarray studies of five Chinese white‐spotted breeds displayed a concordant signature at both loci, suggesting that these two genes are responsible for colour variations in Chinese breeds. Utilizing massively parallel sequencing, we characterized the candidate sites that adapt to artificial and environmental selections during the Chinese pig domestication. This study provides fundamental proof for further research on the evolutionary adaptation of Chinese pigs.
Multiple primary cancers involving lung cancer at a single tertiary hospital: Clinical features and prognosis
Authors: Kim Seo Woo , Kong Kyoung Ae , Kim Do‐Youn , Ryu Yon Ju , Lee Jin Hwa , Chang Jung Hyun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe development of other primary cancers in patients with lung cancer is unfortunate and uncommon, although the frequency is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features and prognosis in patients with multiple primary cancers (MPC) involving lung cancer.MethodsAfter a retrospective review of 1644 patients who were newly diagnosed with primary lung cancer between 1998 and August 2012 at a tertiary hospital, 105 patients were included.ResultsThe median age at the time of lung cancer diagnosis was 67 years, and 68 patients were male. Synchronous primary cancers occurred in 47% of the study population (49/105). Among those with metachronous cancer (56/105), the median interval between the diagnosis of lung cancer and another malignancy was 47.1 months; 21 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer as the first primary tumor. The most frequent type of other malignancy was urogenital (30%), followed by gastrointestinal (30%) and thyroid malignancies (16%). Advanced stage of lung cancer (hazard ratio (HR), 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–5.7; P < 0.001), supportive care only as treatment for lung cancer (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3–6.0; P = 0.006), and head and neck cancer as another malignancy (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4–10.8; P = 0.010) were independent predictors of shorter survival from the time of diagnosis of the second primary cancer.ConclusionAdvanced lung cancer stage, symptomatic supportive care only without antitumor therapy for lung cancer, and head and neck cancer as another primary malignancy were poor prognostic factors in patients with MPC involving primary lung cancer.
‘Strict’, yet ineffective: legal protection of breeding sites and resting places fails with the Siberian flying squirrel
Authors: Jokinen M. , Mäkeläinen S. , Ovaskainen O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLack of evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation practices as well as the challenge of converting scientific knowledge into conservation legislation and policy are persistent problems in conservation biology. European Union's Habitats Directive obliges member states to establish and implement a system of strict protection of animal species listed in Annex IV(a). This implies for example, that the deterioration or destruction of breeding sites or resting places of these species is prohibited. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of the protection procedure aimed at conserving sites occupied by the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans from destruction as a consequence of timber harvesting. We assess the potential effectiveness of the protection procedure by combining survey data with a simulation approach, showing that c. 97% of forests occupied by the species are harvested without authorization, as a result of inadequate information on the occurrence of the species. We assess forest structure around our study sites, visited both at the time of the protection decision and 1–6 years later, and show that clear‐cut areas within 150 m of breeding sites and resting places substantially increase the risk of abandonment. In spite of this, typically only areas of radius 10–30 m are protected from logging. As the territory is abandoned in c. 50% of the cases in spite of protection of breeding sites and resting places, the total effectiveness of this conservation measure is only c. 1.5%. Therefore, the current protection measure is inadequate against the threats that forestry poses for the species in Finland, and the focus should be turned to habitat and population level solutions. We suggest that researchers and decision‐makers should pay more attention to the overall effectiveness of different conservation measures, as this information is crucial for developing effective conservation policies.
Improving VBAC rates: the combined impact of two management strategies
Authors: Gardner Kate , Henry Amanda , Thou Steven , Davis Greg , Miller Trent 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundCaesarean section rates in Australia have risen to >30%, with repeat caesarean delivery the most common indication. One method of reducing caesarean delivery rates is to increase rates of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC).AimsTo determine the combined effect of two management strategies on the rates of successful VBAC in women experiencing their first pregnancy following primary caesarean section.MethodsProspective cohort study from May 2009 to October 2010 at a metropolitan Australian teaching hospital. The strategies studied were (i) allocating responsibility for VBAC candidates attempting labour to the hospital's three high‐risk obstetric consultants and (ii) implementing a next birth after caesarean (NBAC) antenatal clinic designed to counsel and support women deciding on mode of birth for their next pregnancy after a primary caesarean section. Data were collected from Obstetrix, a NBAC logbook and medical records of 396 eligible women who gave birth during the study period.ResultsOverall VBAC rates improved from 17.2% in 2006 prior to implementation of the combined strategies, to 27.0% over the studied period (P < 0.001). Of those women who desired and attempted a VBAC, the success rate was 64.4%. Regression analysis identified an increased likelihood of attempted vaginal birth where malpresentation was the indication for previous caesarean, while Eastern Asian ethnicity was associated with increased likelihood of choosing repeat caesarean.ConclusionsA dedicated NBAC clinic and more consistent approach to labour management can help improve VBAC rates. Further targeted counselling towards women with previous malpresentation and/or East Asian descent may further improve VBAC attempt rates.
Transcervical approach to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube insertion in a patient with head and neck cancer
Authors: Shariff Amir Hafeez , Waqas Muhammad , Akhtar Shabbir 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis is the case of a 48‐year‐old woman with recurrent head and neck cancer. Six years before presenting at our institution, she was diagnosed with a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma involving the right maxilla and underwent surgical resection followed by chemoradiation. More recently, she presented at our institution with oral bleeding and pain. Examination revealed severe trismus, and biopsy demonstrated recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. She underwent surgical resection with a plan for simultaneous placement of a feeding gastrostomy tube. Owing to the near non‐existent mouth opening, traditional per‐oral placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was impossible. Intraoperatively, following tumor resection, endoscopy was performed via direct pharyngeal access through a right cervical incision. The PEG tube was then placed uneventfully. Numerous studies have shown the superiority of PEG tubes over either radiologically or surgically placed gastrostomy tubes. This report describes an approach to PEG placement in a patient in whom per‐oral placement was not feasible.
Sterile abdominal abscess resulting from remnant laparoscopic clips after sigmoidectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Komori Koji , Kimura Kenya , Kinoshita Takashi , Ito Seiji , Abe Tetsuya , Senda Yoshiki , Misawa Kazunari , Ito Yuichi , Uemura Norihisa , Kawai Ryosuke , Osawa Takaaki , Kawakami Jiro , Asano Tomonari , Iwata Yoshinori , Kurahashi Shintaro , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe occurrence of intra‐abdominal sterile abscesses due to remnant clips after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy is rare. Here, we report one such case in a 74‐year‐old woman. Two years after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy, abdominal CT indicated an area of fluid accumulation approximately 5 cm in diameter and located in the middle of the abdominal cavity that contained a cluster of clips. Fine‐needle aspiration of the fluid was performed through the wall of the sigmoid colon. The luminal fluid was found not to contain cancer cells on histological examination. After 1 year, abdominal surgery was performed. The abscess was located in the mesorectum at the anastomosis site; it was incised and a significant quantity of ivory‐white viscous solution containing a cluster of clips was extracted. This case emphasizes the importance of reducing the number of clips used in laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscopic repair of Bochdalek hernia with intrathoracic kidney in a 2‐year‐old child
Authors: Kawashima Shoko , Urushihara Naoto , Fukumoto Koji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntrathoracic kidney with Bochdalek hernia is a very rare congenital anomaly. Some case reports have discussed repair by laparotomy or thoracotomy. We report a case in a child performed using a laparoscopic approach. A 2‐year‐old boy arrived at our hospital with gastric volvulus caused by a left‐sided Bochdalek hernia. CT also showed a left‐sided intrathoracic kidney. After conservative therapy for the volvulus, laparoscopic repair of the diaphragmatic hernia was performed. The key problem during the operation was the presence of the intrathoracic kidney. If direct closure of the hernia had been performed without the intrathoracic kidney having been relocated to the abdomen, a complete closure would have been impossible because of the renal vessels. After the intrathoracic kidney was relocated to the abdomen, the diaphragmatic defect was closed. The boy has been doing well without complications for 5 years, and CT reveals that the left‐sided kidney is almost normally positioned.
Strengthening of Cooperation Between Russia and ASEAN: Rhetoric or Reality?
Authors: Martynova Elena S. 
Published: July 2014

The purpose of the article is to analyze current Russian policy toward Southeast Asian countries and to examine prospects for the future development of Russia‐(ASEAN) relations. This article is structured around three issues, discussed in three parts. The first part examines the evolution of Russia‐ASEAN political relations from the establishment of the “dialogue partnership” to the present time and Russia's participation in the multilateral cooperation structures under the ASEAN umbrella. The second part concentrates on the achievements and the problems of economic and technical cooperation between the countries. Special attention is paid to the recent initiatives of the Russian government to foster the economic development of Far East territories. The third part is devoted to the analysis of Russia‐ASEAN relations from the point of view of cultural interaction. It argues that despite optimistic official rhetoric, Russian policy in the Asian dimension is not balanced and there is no clear strategy to improve Russia's place in the region.Цель данной статьи—проанализировать внешнюю политику России в Юго‐Восточной Азии на современном этапе и охарактеризовать дальнейшие перспективы развития сотрудничества России со странами АСЕАН. В статье подробно рассмотрены ключевые моменты взаимодействия России и АСЕАН. Первая часть посвящена эволюции политического сотрудничества России и АСЕАН—от учреждения «диалогового партнерства» до участия России в многосторонних структурах под эгидой АСЕАН. Во втором разделе рассматриваются основные аспекты экономического и технического сотрудничества между странами. В третьей части отношения России со странами АСЕАН анализируются с точки зрения культурного взаимодействия. На основании проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод о том, что, несмотря на оптимистичные официальные заявления, политика России на азиатском направлении не сбалансирована. На данный момент у российской политической элиты уже сложилось понимание необходимости «поворота на Восток», но четкая стратегия по укреплению позиций России в регионе по‐прежнему отсутствует.
1E7‐03, a low MW compound targeting host protein phosphatase‐1, inhibits HIV‐1 transcription
Authors: Ammosova Tatyana , Platonov Maxim , Ivanov Andrei , Kont Yasemin Saygideğer , Kumari Namita , Kehn‐Hall Kylene , Jerebtsova Marina , Kulkarni Amol A , Üren Aykut , Kovalskyy Dmytro , Nekhai Sergei 
Published: July 2014

Background and PurposeHIV‐1 transcription is activated by the Tat protein which recruits the cyclin‐dependent kinase CDK9/cyclin T1 to TAR RNA. Tat binds to protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) through the Q35VCF38 sequence and translocates PP1 to the nucleus. PP1 dephosphorylates CDK9 and activates HIV‐1 transcription. We have synthesized a low MW compound 1H4, that targets PP1 and prevents HIV‐1 Tat interaction with PP1 and inhibits HIV‐1 gene transcription. Here, we report our further work with the 1H4‐derived compounds and analysis of their mechanism of action.Experimental ApproachUsing the 1H4‐PP1 complex as a model, we iteratively designed and synthesized follow‐up libraries that were analysed for the inhibition of HIV‐1 transcription and toxicity. We also confirmed the mechanism of action of the PP1‐targeting molecules by determining the affinity of binding of these molecules to PP1, by analysing their effects on PP1 activity, disruption of PP1 binding to Tat and shuttling of PP1 to the nucleus.Key ResultsWe identified a tetrahydroquinoline derivative, compound 7, which disrupted the interaction of Tat with PP1. We further optimized compound 7 and obtained compound 7c, renamed 1E7‐03, which inhibited HIV‐1 with low IC50 (fivefold lower than the previously reported compound, 1H4), showed no cytotoxicity and displayed a plasma half‐life greater than 8 h in mice. 1E7‐03 bound to PP1 in vitro and prevented shuttling of PP1 into the nucleus.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study shows that low MW compounds that functionally mimic the PP1‐binding RVxF peptide can inhibit HIV‐1 transcription by deregulating PP1.
The biology hidden inside residual within‐individual phenotypic variation
Authors: Westneat David F. , Wright Jonathan , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPhenotypes vary hierarchically among taxa and populations, among genotypes within populations, among individuals within genotypes, and also within individuals for repeatedly expressed, labile phenotypic traits. This hierarchy produces some fundamental challenges to clearly defining biological phenomena and constructing a consistent explanatory framework. We use a heuristic statistical model to explore two consequences of this hierarchy. First, although the variation existing among individuals within populations has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists, within‐individual variation has been much less emphasized. Within‐individual variance occurs when labile phenotypes (behaviour, physiology, and sometimes morphology) exhibit phenotypic plasticity or deviate from a norm‐of‐reaction within the same individual. A statistical partitioning of phenotypic variance leads us to explore an array of ideas about residual within‐individual variation. We use this approach to draw attention to additional processes that may influence within‐individual phenotypic variance, including interactions among environmental factors, ecological effects on the fitness consequences of plasticity, and various types of adaptive variance. Second, our framework for investigating variation in phenotypic variance reveals that interactions between levels of the hierarchy form the preconditions for the evolution of all types of plasticity, and we extend this idea to the residual level within individuals, where both adaptive plasticity in residuals and canalization‐like processes (stability) can evolve. With the statistical tools now available to examine heterogeneous residual variance, an array of novel questions linking phenotype to environment can be usefully addressed.
Are small or large producers driving the Canada‐U.S. labour productivity gap? Recent evidence from manufacturing
Authors: Tang Jianmin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper shows that the higher small‐plant employment share in Canada compared with the United States mattered for the Canada‐U.S. manufacturing labour‐productivity gap, but it did not contribute to the widening of the gap between 2002 and 2007. In addition, it shows that while the weaker productivity performance of small plants in Canada compared with the United States accounted for much of the gap in a particular year, the deterioration in the productivity performance of large plants in Canada was responsible for most of the widening gap over this period.
Maternal anxiety, risk factors and parenting in the first post‐natal year
Authors: Seymour M. , Giallo R. , Cooklin A. , Dunning M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe antecedents and consequences of maternal post‐natal anxiety have received comparatively less attention than depression despite being one of the most frequently reported mental health difficulties experienced by parents following childbirth. The aim of this study was to extend emerging literature on post‐natal anxiety by investigating the prevalence of maternal anxiety symptoms, and its relationship with parenting behaviours (i.e. warmth, hostility) and experiences (i.e. parenting efficacy and satisfaction) within the first post‐natal year. The psychosocial risk factors for post‐natal anxiety symptoms were also explored.MethodsA community sample of 224 Australian mothers of infants (aged 0–12 months) completed a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsMothers in the current sample reported significantly more symptoms of anxiety compared with a normative sample. Approximately 18% of mothers reported mild to extremely severe symptoms of anxiety, with a high proportion experiencing co‐morbid depressive symptoms. Maternal anxiety was associated with low parenting warmth, involvement, efficacy and satisfaction, and high parenting hostility. Yet, co‐morbid depression and anxiety was more strongly associated with these parenting behaviours and experiences than anxiety alone.ConclusionA range of psychosocial risk factors (e.g. education, sleep, relationship quality) were associated with maternal post‐natal anxiety symptoms, providing opportunities for early identification and targeted early intervention.
Back to Basics: A Bilingual Advantage in Infant Visual Habituation
Authors: Singh Leher , Fu Charlene S. L. , Rahman Aishah A. , Hameed Waseem B. , Sanmugam Shamini , Agarwal Pratibha , Jiang Binyan , Chong Yap Seng , Meaney Michael J. , Rifkin‐Graboi Anne ,   the GUSTO Research Team
Published: July 2014

Comparisons of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals have revealed a bilingual advantage in inhibitory control. Recent studies have demonstrated advantages associated with exposure to two languages in infancy. However, the domain specificity and scope of the infant bilingual advantage in infancy remains unclear. In the present study, 114 monolingual and bilingual infants were compared in a very basic task of information processing—visual habituation—at 6 months of age. Bilingual infants demonstrated greater efficiency in stimulus encoding as well as in improved recognition memory for familiar stimuli as compared to monolinguals. Findings reveal a generalized cognitive advantage in bilingual infants that is broad in scope, early to emerge, and not specific to language.