bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Liberal Left: A Threat to Traditional Sweden
Authors: Hellman Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the results from a narrative analysis of Sputnik and RT news coverage about Sweden from July 1, 2019, to January 31, 2021, and focuses on attacks on the Swedish liberal left. It aims to make manifest how disinformation is constructed by Russian state news media intended for an international audience. The narrative analysis identified four sub-narratives: the incompatibility of freedom of expression and freedom of religion; political divisions over liberal democratic values that result in domestic disputes and a revelation of a weak national leadership; the Swedish church: a troublesome libertarian with a diminishing congregation—a church who has ceased to defend national traditions; and the Swedish media as left-wing and in support of the state and the establishment. The narrative shows how RT and Sputnik denigrated Sweden by depicting how the liberties so strongly promoted by Swedish politicians and other elite representatives were mere talk, implemented only when it served those in power and did not risk stirring antagonisms between groups in society. According to the news narrative, attitudes, and activities in support of the liberal left explained the erosion of the Swedish state. The government and key public institutions, such as public service media and the Church of Sweden, were particularly targeted. The narrative is presented and explained below through the sub-narratives that were identified in the coverage.
Islamic Takeover and Selling Out Sweden
Authors: Hellman Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the results from a narrative analysis of Sputnik and RT news coverage about Sweden from July 1, 2019, to January 31, 2021, and focuses on how the coverage explains how Sweden is taken over by Islamism and how Swedish values and traditions are downgraded. It aims to make manifest how disinformation is constructed by Russian state news media targeting an international audience and argues that Islamism was a central issue used to denigrate Sweden. The narrative analysis identified four sub-narratives: Muslims: A vulnerable group to be protected or the enemy within?; Threats against Swedish traditional values; Attacks against Christians; and Swedish celebrities and national icons caving in. Taken together the sub-narratives made manifest different articulations of the threat of Islamism and the Islamization of Sweden and depicted how the Swedish authorities responded. In contrast to the public, who’s views were represented mainly through Tweets, the authorities be they the Church of Sweden, the government or major Swedish companies were reported to disregard the threat against Swedish values, heritage, and traditions and even occasionally unwilling to defend them. By using story telling techniques such as polarization, misuse of and the stirring of controversies around concepts, and mockery by way of citations the news narrative can be said to deviate from liberal journalism and be referred to as disinformation.
Introduction to Percolation
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we motivate the study of disordered media through the example of a porous system. The basic terms in percolation theory are introduced, and you learn how to generate, visualize and measure on percolation systems in Python. We demonstrate how to find exact results for small systems in two dimensions by addressing all configurations of the system, and show that this approach becomes unfeasible for large system sizes.
Infinite-Dimensional Percolation
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we address the percolation problem on an infinite-dimensional lattice without loops. In this case, it is possible to calculate several of the properties of the percolation system analytically. This allows us to develop a general theory and to develop concepts to be used for finite-dimensional systems. We introduce the infinite-dimensional Bethe lattice for a given coordination number. We find an exact solution for P and the average cluster size S, and use a Taylor-expansion to find an expression for $$n(s,p)$$
n
(
s
,
p
)
. The methods and functional forms for $$n(s,p)$$
n
(
s
,
p
)
we introduce here, are used to interpret results in finite dimensions.
Finite Size Scaling
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we will introduce the theory of finite size scaling and demonstrate how we can apply the theory to improve our measurements of the properties of percolation clusters. Usually, we attempt to measure properties of percolation system in the largest possible system we can simulate. Here, we demonstrate that if the system behaves according to simple scaling relations, it is instead much better to systematically vary the system size and the interpolate to infinite system sizes. This approach is generally called finite size scaling and we provide a thorough introduction to the theory and its applications to understand the scaling of the density of the spanning cluster, $$P(p,L)$$
P
(
p
,
L
)
, the average cluster size, $$S(p,L)$$
S
(
p
,
L
)
, and the percolation probability $$\varPi (p,L)$$
Π
(
p
,
L
)
.
A Vision of Nature
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGabriel and Tilda walked side by side in deep conversation. Suddenly they stopped together in the middle of the road and looked around, awestruck. The birds were singing the chorus of creation. The hawthorn trees greeted them in sweet harmony in a garden of paradise. And the golden sun spread its warm embracing red glow as a unifying symphony over the playing fields. A big show. It was like watching how the curtain in a huge theatre slowly raised upwards. It was a spectacular moment. Like a dream in colour, sound and brightness. “Hush!” Gabriel exclaimed at Tilda.
The Perpetual Allegory
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGabriel was sorry. He had not meant to provoke Tilda. As indemnification, he wrote an email, apologised and offered her an opportunity to accompany him to the Barcelona symposium, which he was scheduled for next month, along with some sightseeing like they had done in London. This symposium had the strange name Post-Normal Science Symposium, and he was interested in what it would be about. Tilda obviously shared his curiosity because she gracefully accepted his apologies and even helped him to create the poster that he was to present there on a panel. Shortly before the day of their departure, Gabriel watched telly and switched to ARTE because nothing else was on the usual channels. There, he got lucky: He watched a fantastic personality feature of Freddie Mercury. He thought it was very moving and nicely put together. The loveliest part was about the piece that Freddie did with Montserrat Caballé.
Chinese Walls
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBack at home, Gabriel started in earnest to put together a new B1 project on fairness issues in global social service provision. The countries so far involved are Spain and the US. And Germany, of course—though, at the moment, he did not yet have the slightest idea for a case study, but that would come. All countries would include vulnerable people as experts to identify bias and discrimination issues.
The Heart Shape of India
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTilda and Gabriel went from Tegel Airport to Frankfurt to catch the Lufthansa flight to Chennai. Gabriel witnessed Tilda frequently checking her mobile. Peeping over her shoulder from behind, he could see a message with big white letters quite artistically scurrying over the dark-blue display. It said ‘SEE YOU SOON’ before it disappeared. Probably from lovely Ken. When Tilda noticed that he was watching her, she slowly pushed her mobile back into her pocket. “This will be switched off until my return,” she firmly said. “Mine as well,” Gabriel agreed.
Introduction
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFeature models (FMs) are an established means for representing variability and commonality properties of software product lines and beyond (e.g., financial services and configurable products such as furniture, cars, and cyber-physical systems). Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in supporting feature modelling tasks, FM analysis, and FM configuration. In this chapter, we explain our major motivation for writing this book. We provide a short overview of the history of feature modelling specifically focusing on the relationship between feature modelling related tasks and AI methods. We discuss relevant benefits of applying FMs and refer to further topics with a relationship to feature modelling.We conclude this chapter with an overview of the major topics of in this book.
Feature Modelling
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we describe the basis of Feature Models (FMs) using graphical as well as textual representations. We introduce a smartwatch FM that will be used as a working example for this and later chapters. Based on this example, we describe feature modelling extensions using cardinalities and attributes. In the following,we showhowFMs can be translated into a formal representation (constraint satisfaction problems and SAT problems) and introduce corresponding definitions of a FM configuration task and a corresponding FM configuration (also known as configuration, product, or solution). Finally, we discuss example machine learning (ML) approaches that can be applied in the context of feature modelling tasks.
Tools and Applications
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFeature Models (FMs) are not only an active scientific topic but they are supported by many tools from industry and academia. In this chapter, we provide an overview of example feature modelling tools and corresponding FM configurator applications. In our discussion, we first focus on different tools supporting the design of FMs. Thereafter, we provide an overview of tools that also support FM analysis. Finally, we discuss different existing FM configurator applications.
Efficiency of pulmonary nodule risk scoring systems in Turkish population
Authors: Nomenoğlu Hakan , Fındık Göktürk , Çetin Mehmet , Aydoğdu Koray , Gülhan Selim Şakir Erkmen , Bıçakçıoğlu Pınar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMalignancy risk calculation models were developed using the clinical and radiological features. It was aimed to compare pulmonary nodule risk calculation models and evaluate their effectiveness and applicability for the Turkish population. Between 2014 and 2019, 351 patients who were operated on for pulmonary nodules were evaluated with the following data: age, gender, smoking history, family history of lung cancer, extrapulmonary malignancy and granulomatous disease, nodule diameter, attenuation character, side, localization, spiculation, nodule count, presence of pulmonary emphysema, FDG uptake in PET/CT of the nodule, and definitive pathology data. Malignancy risk scores were calculated using the equations of the Brock, Mayo, and Herder models. The results were evaluated statistically. The mean age of the 351 patients (236 men, 115 women) was 57.84 ± 10.87 (range 14–79) years, and 226 malignant and 125 benign nodules were observed. Significant correlations were found between malignancy and age (p < 0.001), nodule diameter (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.009), speculation (p < 0.001), emphysema (p < 0.05), FDG uptake (p < 0.001). All three models were found effective in the differentiation (p < 0.001). The ideal threshold value was determined for the Brock (19.5%), Mayo (23.1%), and Herder (56%) models. All models were effective for nodules of > 10 mm, but none of them were for 0–10 mm. Brock was effective in ground-glass nodules (p = 0.02) and all models were effective for semi-solid and solid nodules. None of the groups could provide AUC values as high as those achieved in the original studies. This suggests the need to optimize models and malignancy risk thresholds for Turkish population.
Evolving Subduction Zone Thermal Structure Drives Extensive Forearc Mantle Wedge Hydration
Authors: Epstein G. S. , Condit C. B. , Stoner R. K. , Holt A. F. , Guevara V. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydration of the subduction zone forearc mantle wedge influences the downdip distribution of seismicity, the availability of fluids for arc magmatism, and Earth's long term water cycle. Reconstructions of present‐day subduction zone thermal structures using time‐invariant geodynamic models indicate relatively minor hydration, in contrast to many geophysical and geologic observations. We pair a dynamic, time‐evolving thermal model of subduction with phase equilibria modeling to investigate how variations in slab and forearc temperatures from subduction infancy through to maturity contribute to mantle wedge hydration. We find that thermal state during the intermediate period of subduction, as the slab freely descends through the upper mantle, promotes extensive forearc wedge hydration. In contrast, during early subduction the forearc is too hot to stabilize hydrous minerals in the mantle wedge, while during mature subduction, slab dehydration dominantly occurs beyond forearc depths. In our models, maximum wedge hydration during the intermediate phase is 60%–70% and falls to 20%–40% as quasi‐steady state conditions are approached during maturity. Comparison to global forearc H2O capacities reveals that consideration of thermal evolution leads to an order of magnitude increase in estimates for current extents of wedge hydration and provides better agreement with geophysical observations. This suggests that hydration of the forearc mantle wedge represents a potential vast reservoir of H2O, on the order of 3.4–5.9 × 1021 g globally. These results provide novel insights into the subduction zone water cycle, new constraints on the mantle wedge as a fluid reservoir and are useful to better understand geologic processes at plate margins.
Stakeholder Driven Sensor Deployments to Characterize Chronic Coastal Flooding in Key West Florida
Authors: O’Donnell K. L. , Tomiczek T. , Higgins A. , Munoz S. , Scyphers S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA changing climate and growing coastal populations exacerbate the outcomes of environmental hazards. Large‐scale flooding and acute disasters have been extensively studied through historic and current data. Chronic coastal flooding is less well understood and poses a substantial threat to future coastal populations. This paper presents a novel technique to record chronic coastal flooding using inexpensive accelerometers. This technique was tested in Key West, FL, USA using storm drains to deploy HOBO pendant G data loggers. The accuracy and feasibility of the method was tested through four deployments performed by a team of local stakeholders and researchers between July 2019–November 2021 resulting in 22 sensors successfully recording data, with 15 of these sensors recording flooding. Sensors captured an average of 13.58 inundation events, an average of 12.07% of the deployment time. Measured flooding events coincided with local National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) water level measurements of high tides. Multiple efforts to predict coastal flooding were compared. Sensors recorded flooding even when NOAA water levels did not exceed the elevation or flooding thresholds set by the National Weather Service (NWS), indicating that NOAA water levels alone were not sufficient in predicting flooding. Access to an effective and inexpensive sensor, such as the one tested here, for measuring flood events can increase opportunities to measure chronic flood hazards and assess local vulnerabilities with stakeholder participation. The ease of use and successful recording of loggers can give communities an increased capacity to make data‐informed decisions surrounding sea level rise adaptation.
The Effect of Flood Exposure on Insurance Adoption Among US Households
Authors: Choi June , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Burke Marshall 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite increasing exposure to flooding and associated financial damages, estimates suggest more than two‐thirds of flood‐exposed properties are currently uninsured. This low adoption rate could undermine the climate resilience of communities and weaken the financial solvency of the United States National Flood Insurance Program. We study whether repeated exposure to flood events, especially the disaster‐scale floods that are expected to become more frequent in a warming climate, could spur insurance adoption. Using improved estimates of residential insurance take‐up in locations where such insurance is voluntary, and exploiting variation in the frequency and severity of flood events over time, we quantify how flood events impact local insurance demand. We find that a flood disaster declaration in a given year increases the take‐up rate of insurance by 7% in the following year, but that the effect diminishes in subsequent years and is gone after 5 years. This effect is more short‐lived in counties in inland states that do not border the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. We also find that the effect of a flood on take‐up is substantially larger if there was also a flood in the previous year, and that recent disasters are more salient for homeowners whose primary residences are exposed to a disaster declaration compared to non‐primary residences. Overall, these findings suggest that relying on households to self‐adapt to increasing flood risks in a changing climate is insufficient for closing the insurance protection gap.
Sensitive Response of Atmospheric Oxidative Capacity to the Uncertainty in the Emissions of Nitric Oxide (NO) From Soils in Amazonia
Authors: Lee Ben H. , Munger J. William , Wofsy Steven C. , Rizzo Luciana V. , Yoon James Y. S. , Turner Alexander J. , Thornton Joel A. , Swann Abigail L. S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoils are a major source of nitrogen oxides, which in the atmosphere help govern its oxidative capacity. Thus the response of soil nitric oxide (NO) emissions to forcings such as warming or forest loss has a meaningful impact on global atmospheric chemistry. We find that the soil emission rate of NO in Amazonia from a common inventory is biased low by at least an order of magnitude in comparison to tower‐based observations. Accounting for this regional bias decreases the modeled global methane lifetime by 1.4%–2.6%. In comparison, a fully deforested Amazonia, representing a 37% decrease in global emissions of isoprene, decreases methane lifetime by at most 4.6%, highlighting the sensitive response of oxidation rates to changes in emissions of NO compared to those of terpenes. Our results demonstrate that improving our understanding of soil NO emissions will yield a more accurate representation of atmospheric oxidative capacity.
Regional Benthic δ18O Stacks for the “41‐Kyr World”—An Atlantic‐Pacific Divergence Between 1.8 and 1.9 Ma
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Lisiecki Lorraine E. , Lee Taehee , Gebbie Geoffrey , Lawrence Charles 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBenthic δ18O stacks are the benchmarks by which paleoceanographic data are stratigraphically aligned and compared. However, a recent study found that between 1.8 and 1.9 million years ago (Ma) several Ceara Rise records differed substantially from the widely used LR04 global stack. Here, we use new Bayesian stacking software to construct regional stacks and demonstrate a geographical divergence in benthic δ18O features from 1.8 to 1.9 Ma. The pattern of isotopic stage features observed in the Ceara Rise is widespread throughout the Atlantic and differs notably from Pacific records. We propose that this regional difference in isotopic stages may be the result of relatively strong precession forcing and weaker obliquity forcing between 1.8 and 1.9 Ma. In accordance with the Antiphase Hypothesis, our results highlight a period of apparent sensitivity to regional precession forcing that is masked during most of the 41‐Kyr world due to the amplitude modulation of obliquity forcing.
Winter Intrusions of Atlantic Water in Kongsfjorden: Oceanic Preconditioning and Atmospheric Triggering
Authors: De Rovere Francesco , Zanchettin Davide , Rubino Angelo , Langone Leonardo , Calogiuri Francesco , Ruggieri Paolo , Lupi Angelo , Chiggiato Jacopo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKongsfjorden, an Arctic fjord in Svalbard, is largely influenced by the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), transporting warm and salty Atlantic Water (AW) into the Arctic region. Despite the geostrophic control preventing AW from entering the fjord in winter, AW intrusions occasionally occur during energetic local wind events in this season. However, recent intrusions remain poorly characterized, and the underlying mechanism(s) and large‐scale precursors are only partly understood. This study uses in‐situ oceanographic and atmospheric measurements, alongside reanalysis data covering 2011–2020, to describe recent wintertime AW intrusions in Kongsfjorden. By discerning common traits in the observed events, the main triggering factors and controls of the phenomenon are described. Our results indicate that AW intrusions are typically triggered by wind reversals over the shelf, consisting of the sudden transition from a strong southerly to a northerly circulation linked to the setup and damping of a high‐pressure anomaly over the Barents Sea. Ocean density is a critical preconditioning factor influencing the nature of the intrusion: when fjord waters exhibit a lower density compared to WSC waters, wind reversals induce AW intrusions by upwelling; in contrast, when fjord waters present higher or similar densities compared to WSC waters, reversals force AW inflows near the surface or at intermediate depths, respectively. Another mechanism was observed only in winter 2014: southerly winds prevailed for 2 months, transporting surface AW from the WSC into the fjord, promoting its intrusion near the surface, on top of denser local waters.
Evaluating Numerical Methods to Investigate Spectral Solar Radiative Transfer in Plant Canopies
Authors: Moon Zachary , Fuentes Jose D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe disposition of spectral solar irradiance in plant canopies is crucially important to understand processes such as photolysis of molecules amenable to absorbing actinic light. Thus, one objective of this study is to evaluate the most commonly applied radiative transfer approaches to estimate spectral irradiance as a function of plant canopy depth. Eight radiative transfer approaches are ascertained. Another objective is to determine the impacts of the spectral resolution assumed in radiative transfer calculations and model choice on key processes such as canopy absorption and reflection of irradiance. By comparing results from broadband‐only and spectrally‐resolved canopy radiative transfer, we aim to quantitatively determine the uncertainties associated with failing to resolve the sunlight spectra. We determine the optimal spectral resolution required to estimate canopy radiative transfer results such as air‐chemistry‐specific quantities related to photolysis of a select group of molecules. In addition, we evaluate techniques for binning leaf and soil optical properties. Results showed that high spectral resolution is ideally desired to compute photolysis of molecules such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, nitrate radical, nitrous acid, and formaldehyde. For in‐canopy photolysis of molecules, a waveband resolution of at least 10 nm is sufficient to obtain accurate estimates for most photochemical reactions. Positive reaction‐dependent uncertainties in canopy‐mean relative photolysis values for individual molecules can be as high as 30% compared to estimates derived with broad‐band solar irradiance.