bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Peculiar Naophorous Statuette of a Heliopolitan Priest
Authors: Klotz David 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
First publication of a naophorous statuette from the Museum August Kestner, Hannover. This object belongs to the Heliopolitan priest Psamtek, apparently the son of the well-known vizier Psamtek-Seneb, and thus likely dates to the Thirtieth Dynasty. The statue owner’s titles provide further evidence for lesser known cults of Heliopolis, and the autobiographical inscription is unique for its concentration of unconventional enigmatic orthographies.
Crystallization of an Yttrium Aluminosilicate Glass for Nuclear Waste Immobilization
Authors: Carolina Lago Diana , Garcés Diana , Oscar Prado Miguel 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSiO2-Al2O3-Y2O3 glasses exhibit high glass transition temperatures, water corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. These properties suggest that yttrium aluminosilicate glasses could potentially replace the borosilicate glasses usually used for immobilization of nuclear wastes. At the same time, yttrium can be used to simulate actinides.During waste immobilization, crystallization of the glassy matrix must be avoided or at least controlled, thus, the understanding of glass crystallization kinetics is essential.We found by XRD that the crystalline phases present on heat treatments are yttrium disilicate and sillimanite/mullite. By optical microscopy on polished cross-sections we could only identify highly yttrium enriched crystals which we associate with yttrium disilicate crystals.In this paper we measure the surface density of nucleation sites Ns in as obtained splat cooled pieces obtaining values of about 1.5 · 1011 nucleus · m-2. Crystal growth rate U in the temperature range 1000-1040 oC varies in the range 8-13 μm · h-1. These data are useful for designing sintering or melting thermal paths of YAS glasses in order to control their microstructure. We show the effect of glass particle size on DTA results: crystallization peaks moves towards lower temperatures for smaller particle size, which confirms that mainly surface nucleation is taking place on heating.
Durability of a reinforced concrete designed for the construction of an intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal facility
Authors: Duffó G.S. , Arva E.A. , Schulz F.M. , Vazquez D.R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe National Atomic Energy Commission of the Argentine Republic is developing a nuclear waste disposal management programme that contemplates the design and construction of a facility for the final disposal of intermediate-level radioactive wastes. The repository is based on the use of multiple, independent and redundant barriers. The major components are made in reinforced concrete so, the durability of these structures is an important aspect for the facility integrity. This work presents an investigation performed on a reinforced concrete specifically designed for this purpose, to predict the service life of the intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility from data obtained with several techniques. Results obtained with corrosion sensors embedded in a concrete prototype are also included. The information obtained will be used for the final design of the facility in order to guarantee a service life more or equal than the foreseen durability for this type of facilities.
Self-disposal option for highly-radioactive waste reconsidered
Authors: Ojovan M. , Kascheev V. , Poluektov P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSelf-disposal option for heat-generating radioactive waste (HLW, spent fuel, sealed radioactive sources) known also as rock melting concept was considered in the 70s as a viable but alternative disposal option by both DOE in the USA and Atomic Industry Ministry in the USSR. Self-disposal is currently reconsidered with a novel purpose – to penetrate into the very deep Earth’s layers beneath the Moho’s discontinuity and to explore Earth interior. Self-descending heat generating capsules can be used for disposal of dangerous radioactive wastes in extremely deep layers of the Earth preventing any release of radionuclides into the biosphere. Descending of capsules continues until enough heat is generated by radionuclides to provide partial melting of surrounding rock. Estimates show that extreme depths of several tens and up to hundred km can be reached by capsules which could never be achieved by other techniques.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking Research of Engineering Alloys for Nuclear Waste Repository Containers
Authors: Rebak Raul B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAll the countries that operate commercial nuclear power plants are planning to dispose of the waste in underground geologically stable repositories. The materials being studied for the fabrication of the containers include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, titanium and nickel alloys. The aim of this work is to review results from research performed using the alloys of interest regarding their resistance to environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) under simulated repository conditions. In general, it is concluded that the environments are mild and that the studied metals may not be susceptible to cracking under the planned emplacement conditions.
Sulfidation of Oxidized Copper Studied by Soft X-ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Hollmark H. M. , Keech P. G. , Vegelius J. R. , Kristiansen P. , Werme L. , Duda L.-C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing soft X-ray spectroscopy, we have studied the reactions between Cu2O and CuO with an aqueous solution of 1mM Na2S. Exposure to dissolved sulfide for several hours clearly reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I) compounds. However, there are still strong oxygen signals in the spectra, indicating a more complex surface composition than simple copper sulfides.
Efficiency of inhibitors for chloride-induced crevice corrosion of Alloy 22
Authors: Rincón Ortíz Mauricio , Rodríguez Martín A. , Carranza Ricardo M. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAlloy 22 is considered as a candidate for engineered barriers of nuclear repositories. Chloride is the only species present in groundwater that is able to promote crevice corrosion, if severe conditions such as high temperatures and a tight crevice are present. Other species present in groundwater have been shown to be inhibitors or non-detrimental species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different species potentially found in groundwaters as possible inhibitors of crevice corrosion of Alloy 22. The crevice corrosion repassivation potential of Alloy 22 was determined in chloride plus inhibitor solutions at 90ºC. The species tested as inhibitors were nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate, chromate, molybdate and tungstate. Nitrate was the most efficient among tested inhibitors. The carbonate was the only species of the carbonate / bicarbonate / carbonic acid equilibrium able to inhibit the chloride-induced crevice corrosion of Alloy 22. Sulfate, chromate and molybdate were moderately good inhibitors.
Analysis and Comparison of Tomographic Gamma Scanner (TGS) Architectures for Nuclear Waste Characterization Systems
Authors: Venialgo Esteban , Belzunce Martín , Verrastro Claudio , Martínez Garbino Lucio , da Ponte Elías , Alarcón Juan , Carimatto Augusto , Estryk Daniel , Prieto Isabel 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn recent years, nuclear waste management has become a fundamental issue in the nuclear energy production cycle. Tomographic Gamma Scanner (TGS) is an essential tool for nuclear waste characterization. It is crucial to rely on local support and cost effective solutions; for this reasons, we are designing our TGS system based on local technology. In this work, we present a study of different geometries and instrumentation chain parameters to design a TGS.A set of Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate energy and spatial resolution limitations of scintillator, CZT (Cadmium Zinc Telluride), and HPGe (high purity germanium) detectors. Collimator and detector geometries were studied to maximize the characteristics of the system. In this study, a phantom of 137Cs and 60Co was utilized to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed TGS system. In addition, the impact of electronic instrumentation chain and image reconstruction algorithms was taken into account.
Radiation effects in Thorium Phosphate Diphosphate Th4(PO4)4P2O7. A theoretical approach
Authors: Meis C. , Dacheux N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThorium phosphate diphosphate Th4(PO4)4P2O7 (β-TPD) was already proposed for plutonium and minor actinides immobilization. Synthesis of Th4-xPux(PO4)4P2O7 with x∼1.5 corresponding to roughly 26 wt % of Pu was achieved demonstrating the thermodynamic stability of this phosphate-based material even for high plutonium mole loadings. We established reliable inter-atomic potentials in the shell-model approach for the β-TPD in order to calculate the Frenkel defects formation energies as well as the threshold displacement energies. Furthermore we carried out a detailed analysis of the energetic pathways for the corresponding Frenkel defects annealing. We deduced that the diphosphate sub-lattices may be easily displaced while the annealing mechanisms are revealed to be complex requiring highly energetic pathways, thus constituting the main defects configurations that may lead to the amorphous state.
Novel Lattice Models for Porous Media
Authors: Jivkov Andrey P. , Olele Joseph E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTNetwork models of porous media are beneficial for predicting evolution of macroscopic permeability. This work proposes novel models based on truncated octahedral support. Systems with different pore coordination spectra for a given average coordination number can be constructed to match experimental data. This feature, and the allowed pore coordination of 14, make the proposed models more realistic and flexible than existing models with cubic support. Experimental data for two sandstones with substantially different properties are used to demonstrate the models’ ability to predict permeability. A strategy for calculating its evolution with internal damage is also described and results are presented. Developments of this strategy are suggested for deriving mechanism-based constitutive laws for engineering applications.
A Novel Chemical Synthesis >1 μm2 Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets
Authors: Isseroff Rebecca , Das Paul Masih , Chen Andrew , Tse Alexandra , Chittabathini Sneha , Zhu Yimei , Pozin Vadim , Sokolov Jonathan , Rafailovich Miriam 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIf graphene is to be incorporated into transistors, solar cells, and capacitors, a large-scale synthesis of graphene must be devised. This research developed an innovative, simple, and cost-efficient synthesis procedure, dispersing graphene oxide in an ethanol-water solvent and reducing slowly with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Reducing graphene oxide in 75:25 and 50:50 H2O:ethanol solutions with 15 mmolar NaBH4 produced numerous single-layered reduced graphene oxide sheets >1 μm2, and sometimes even >2 μm2. The quality of these sheets was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, TGA, TEM, ED, and HRTEM.
Approaching the Lambertian Limit in Randomly Textured Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Lederer Falk , Fahr Stephan , Rockstuhl Carsten , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe Lambertian limit represents a benchmark for the enhancement of the effective path length in solar cells, which is important as soon as the absorption length exceeds the absorber thickness. In previous publications it has been shown that either extremely thick or extremely thin solar cells can be driven close to this limit by exploiting up to date photon management. In this contribution we show that the Lambertian limit can also be achieved with thin-film solar cells based on amorphous silicon for practically relevant absorber thicknesses. Departing from superstrates, which are currently incorporated into state-of-the-art thin-film solar cells, we show that their topology has simply to be downscaled to typical feature sizes of about 100 nm in order to achieve this goal. By systematically studying the impact of the modulation height and the lateral feature sizes of the incorporated textures and of the absorber thickness we are able to deduce intuitive guidelines how to approach the Lambertian limit in randomly textured thin-film solar cells.
Development of Bisphosphonate-Calcium Phosphate Composites and Drug Release Characteristic
Authors: Kameda Hidekuni , Yoshioka Tomohiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBisphosphonate (Bp) was adsorbed on the surface of crystalline calcium phosphates (CP); hydroxyapatite (HAp), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD). The amount of Bp adsorbed was the largest for DCPD per unit surface area, while the amount was the largest for HAp per unit weight. The composites of Bp and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) were synthesized by titrating calcium acetate solution into phosphate buffer solution containing Bp. The amount of Bp doped in the composites was 366 μg / mg and was approximately 7 times larger than those of Bp adsorbed on the crystalline Calcium phosphates. TG-DTA measurements of a Bp-calcium and the composite indicated exothermic peaks due to Bp combustion, of which temperature were shifted to higher temperature for the composite. Bp in the composites was gradually released into phosphate buffered saline, while Bp was rapidly released into acetate buffer solution accompanied with the dissolution of ACP. This result suggests that the composite of Bp and ACP has potential for a drug-carrier releasing Bp in response to the condition of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Synthesis of Sulfide Nanoparticles by the Pulsed Electric Discharge
Authors: Omurzak Emil , Mashimo Tsutomu , Sulaimankulova Saadat 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSynthesis of wurtzite-type ZnS nanoparticles by an electric discharge submerged in molten sulfur is reported. By the pulsed plasma between two zinc electrodes of 5 mm diameter in molten sulfur, we have synthesized high-temperature phase (wurtzite-type) ZnS nanocrystals with an average size of about 20 nm. Refined lattice parameters of the synthesized wurtzite-type ZnS nanoparticles were found to be larger than those of the reported ZnS (JCPDS 36-1450). UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy analysis showed that the absorption peak of the as-prepared ZnS sample (319 nm) displays a blue-shift comparing to the bulk ZnS (335 nm). Photoluminescence spectra of the samples revealed peaks at 340, 397, 423, 455 and 471 nm, which were related to excitonic emission and stoichiometric defects. Synthesis of ZnMgS (solid solution of ZnS and MgS) was achieved by using ZnMg alloys as both cathode and anode electrodes. Also, rocksalt structure MgS was synthesized by using magnesium rods as both cathode and anode electrodes.
Expected Equivalent Magnetic Noise Spectral Density of Magnetoelectric Composites as Magnetic sensors: From Theory to Experiments
Authors: Zhuang X. , Saez S. , Lam Chok Sing M. , Cordier C. , Dolabdjian C. , Li J. , McLaughlin K. , Viehland D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWith the development of applications involving high sensitivity ferromagnetic-ferroelectric laminates, a systematic analysis of the noise floor for magneto-electric (ME) laminated sensor has become crucial. We report and discuss the results of such an analysis on the noise floor of magnetostrictive-piezoelectric laminates in terms of the magnetic noise spectral density at room temperature. The noise floor of highly sensitive ME laminates with a JFET charge amplifier detection method has been studied. A good correlation was found between the theoretical and experimental noise curves within the measurement bandwidth. The dominating noise sources were found to include the dielectric loss noise, mechanical loss noise of the magneto-electric laminates and the noise sources of the charge amplifier. By using an appropriate low noise JFET charge amplifier, the noise contributions from the amplifier can be made negligible, enabling the measurement of the intrinsic noise of the ME laminates sensor. Thus, we have shown that at low frequencies, below the resonant frequency, the dielectric loss noise predominates with a one-per-root-frequency dependence whereas, around the resonance, the mechanical loss noise prevails over all other noise sources as expected from our theoretical analysis.
Sol-Gel Derived NiFe2O4 Modified with ZrO2 for Hydrogen Generation from Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting Reaction
Authors: Bhosale Rahul R. , Shende Rajesh V. , Puszynski Jan A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis investigation reports the synthesis of Ni-ferrite and ZrO2 added Ni-ferrite powdered materials for H2 generation from thermochemical water-splitting reaction. NiFe2O4 was synthesized using sol-gel technique in which salts of Ni and Fe were sonicated in ethanol until a visually clear solution was obtained. To this solution, propylene oxide was added to achieve the gel formation. As-prepared gel was dried at 100oC for 1 h and calcined upto 600oC at a ramp rate of 40oC/min. The calcined sample from the furnace was removed at 600oC and cooled down at room temperature in air. To synthesize NiFe2O4/ZrO2 powdered mixture, ZrO2 nanoparticles were mixed with the calcined ferrite powder using vortex mixer. These powdered materials were analyzed using powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD), BET surface area analyzer and scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As-prepared NiFe2O4 and ZrO2 added NiFe2O4 powdered materials were loaded in an Inconel tubular reactor to investigate H2 generation from four consecutive thermochemical cycles where water-splitting and regeneration was performed at 900o and 1100oC, respectively.
Fabrication and electrical properties of 0.7BiFeO3-0.3PbTiO3 films on stainless steel by the sol-gel method
Authors: Zhao Chen , Jiang Dan , Bu Shundong , Cheng Jinrong 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTFerroelectric 0.7BiFeO3-0.3PbTiO3 (BFO-PT) films were deposited on stainless steel substrates by the sol-gel method. A thin layer of PbTiO3 (PT) was introduced between the substrates and BFO-PT films in order to decrease the annealing temperature of BFO-PT films. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that BFO-PT films could be well crystallized into the perovskite structure at about 575 oC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that BFO-PT thin films have grain size of about 50∼60 nm. Our results indicated BFO-PT films deposited on stainless steel substrates maintained the excellent ferroelectric properties with remnant polarization of about 40∼50 μC/cm2.
Clinical Evaluation of a Personalized Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Dassau Eyal , Zisser Howard , Harvey Rebecca A. , Percival Matthew W. , Grosman Benyamin , Bevier Wendy , Atlas Eran , Miller Shahar , Nimri Revital , Jovanovič Lois , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
An artificial pancreas (AP) that automatically regulates blood glucose would greatly improve the lives of individuals with diabetes. Such a device would prevent hypo- and hyperglycemia along with associated long- and short-term complications as well as ease some of the day-to-day burden of frequent blood glucose measurements and insulin administration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a pilot clinical trial evaluating an individualized, fully automated AP using commercial devices. Two trials (n = 22, nsubjects = 17) were conducted using a multiparametric formulation of model predictive control and an insulin-on-board algorithm such that the control algorithm, or “brain,” can be embedded on a chip as part of a future mobile device. The protocol evaluated the control algorithm for three main challenges: 1) normalizing glycemia from various initial glucose levels, 2) maintaining euglycemia, and 3) overcoming an unannounced meal of 30 ± 5 g carbohydrates.

RESULTS
Initial glucose values ranged from 84–251 mg/dL. Blood glucose was kept in the near-normal range (80–180 mg/dL) for an average of 70% of the trial time. The low and high blood glucose indices were 0.34 and 5.1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
These encouraging short-term results reveal the ability of a control algorithm tailored to an individual’s glucose characteristics to successfully regulate glycemia, even when faced with unannounced meals or initial hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this represents the first truly fully automated multiparametric model predictive control algorithm with insulin-on-board that does not rely on user intervention to regulate blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Immunological determinants in a murine model of toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma
Authors: Świerczyńska-Machura Dominika , Walusiak-Skorupa Jolanta , Nowakowska-Świrta Ewa , Piasecka-Zelga Joanna , Świercz Radosław , Pałczyński Cezary 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
2D modelling of induced polarization data with anisotropic complex conductivities
Authors: Kenkel Johannes , Hördt Andreas , Kemna Andreas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTInduced polarization data recorded at the field scale are usually processed using techniques based on isotropy. We study the effect of anisotropic complex conductivities in the frequency domain, with a particular emphasis on the polarization properties (i.e., phase angles). We consider anisotropy to be caused by a thin layering of isotropic media. Based on this, we derive corresponding mixing laws for the phase angles parallel and perpendicular to the layering and show that in cases of anisotropic layering, phase angles can only exist if the complex conductivity magnitudes are also anisotropic. We modified an existing isotropic finite‐element forward modelling code to support anisotropic complex conductivities. Based on an isotropic 2D inversion of a synthetic data set generated for an anisotropic model, we show that ignoring anisotropy may lead to artefacts and poor model recovery. Finally, we investigate a field data set recorded over a fault system in Germany, where anisotropic conductivities are expected. The isotropic 2D inversion of this data set yields a complex image that is difficult to interpret. We suggest an alternative interpretation based on trial‐and‐error forward modelling with anisotropic complex conductivities, using geological a priori information to constrain the model. The obtained model has a much simpler structure, consistent with the anticipated geology but yet is able to explain the measured data.