bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Nitro‐δ‐ketosulfones via a Quinine‐Squaramide Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of α‐Nitrosulfones to Enones.
Authors: Bera Kalisankar , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords α‐nitro‐δ‐ketosulfones (III) and (VI) bearing a tetrasubstituted chiral center in excellent yields and enantioselectivities in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organic Two‐Electron Oxidant: 9,10‐Diaryl‐9,10‐dihydroanthracene‐9,10‐bis(ylium).
Authors: Ichikawa Junji , Tanabe Hiroyuki , Yoshida Suguru , Kawai Takaharu , Shinjo Masahiko , Fujita Takeshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title cation, generated in situ, is applied as an oxidant in the self‐coupling of anilines, naphthols and the oxidative deprotection of Pmb‐ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Chung Young Keun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA cross‐coupling reaction between alkyl halides and various Grignard reagents is carried out in the presence of commercially available copper nanoparticles as a catalyst and an alkyne additive.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Combinatorial Synthesis of Allocolchicine Analogues via a Triple Cascade Reaction and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Insulin Aggregation.
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Khanna Shruti , Srivastava Kumkum , Hasanain Mohammad , Sarkar Jayanta , Verma Sandeep , Batra Sanjay 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA total of 21 different analogues is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Role of Anionic Ligands in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Selective Hydrogenation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Dupau Philippe , Bonomo Lucia , Kermorvan Laurent 
Published: March 2014

Abstract(Diamine)(diphosphine)ruthenium‐type complexes act as unprecedented catalysts for the hydrogenation of aldehydes by using sterically hindered carboxylates as anionic ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Olefin Cyclopropanation with α‐Ketodiazoacetates.
Authors: Xu Xue , Zhu Shifa , Cui Xin , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang X. Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt is demonstrated that a metalloradical Co‐porphyrin catalyst is highly effective for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of olefins with α‐ketodiazoacetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with 2,2,3‐Trisubstituted Ethynylaziridines.
Authors: Kelley Brandon T. , Joullie Madeleine M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe products (III) are obtained via ring opening reaction of aziridines (I) with magnesium organocuprates in an anti‐fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Catalyst System for the Pd‐Catalyzed Fluorination of (Hetero)Aryl Triflates.
Authors: Lee Hong Geun , Milner Phillip J. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA stable Pd(0)‐complex containing 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and AdBrettPhos as ligands is described as catalyst for the fluorination of a range of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl triflates with CsF.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Vinyl‐Transfer Reaction of Alkynes to N‐Alkylimines by Using the N‐Alkyl Residue as a Sacrificial Hydrogen Donor.
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Stas Sara , Herrebout Wouter , Abbaspour Tehrani Kourosch 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA wide variety of allylic amines from imines and alkynes are synthesized by using In(O‐Tf)3 as Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective anti‐Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Simple Chiral Diamines and Their Unique Application in Configuration Switch of Aldol Products.
Authors: Li Lei , Gou Shaohua , Liu Fei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe new catalytic system consisting of a chiral trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane derivative and TFA in ethanol allows the synthesis of anti‐aldol products with excellent dia‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Copper Complexes Co‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Ring Opening Reaction of Azabenzonorbornadienes with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Fan Baomin , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes and proceeds with enantioselectivities up to <99.9% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: An Elusive Fulvene 1,7,11,24‐C60(CF3)4 and Its Unusual Reactivity.
Authors: Whitaker James B. , Kuvychko Igor V. , Shustova Natalia B. , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe X‐ray crystal structure of the title compound is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Three‐Component Ugi and Passerini Reactions of 4‐Oxoazetidine‐2‐carbaldehydes and Azetidine‐2,3‐diones. Application to the Synthesis of γ‐Lactams and γ‐Lactones.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Callejo Ricardo , Ruiz M. Pilar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Ugi and Passerini reactions of oxaazetidine‐2‐carbaldehydes in the presence of phosphinic acid are found to proceed with moderate diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Lithiation Trapping of N‐Boc Heterocycles at Temperatures above ‐78 °C.
Authors: Gelardi Giacomo , Barker Graeme , O'Brien Peter , Blakemore David C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe asymmetric lithiation of N‐Boc heterocycles and subsequent trapping with electrophiles at reaction temperatures of up to ‐20 °C is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrrolidine Derivatives Employing β‐Lactam as a Chiral Building Block.
Authors: Tadano Genta , Ishikura Koji , Tanino Keiji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present concept is applied to the preparation of A‐315675 analogue (VII) and its side chain diastereomer (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin Host as a Supramolecular Catalyst in Nonpolar Solvents: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐3‐Alkylideneoxindoles.
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Kida Toshiyuki , Hinoue Tomoaki , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Knoevenagel reaction of oxindoles with cinnamaldehydes is accelerated with enhanced E/Z selectivities in the presence of 6‐O‐modified cyclodextrins as catalyst in nonpolar solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Fluorofunctionalization of 2,3‐Unsubstituted Indoles by Means of Electrophilic Fluorination.
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Minh , Duong Hung A. , Richard Jean‐Alexandre , Johannes Charles William , Pincheng Fu , Ye Danson Kwong Jia , Shuying Eileen Lau 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe use of an O‐nucleophile tethered to the indole nitrogen atom enables the synthesis of polycyclic fluorinated indoline derivatives from simple precursors in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium Triflate‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Additions to Indolylmethyl Meldrum′s Acid Derivatives via a Gramine‐Type Fragmentation: Synthesis of Substituted Indolemethanes.
Authors: Armstrong Erin L. , Grover Huck K. , Kerr Michael A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe expedient and efficient synthesis of the title compounds via fragmentation/nucleophilic trapping is versatile for a variety of nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Activated Alkenes with Benzylic C(sp3)—H Bonds and Aryl C(sp2)—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Bo , Wang Cheng‐Yong , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yu , Wei Wen‐Ting , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDi‐tert‐butyl peroxide is utilized to mediate oxidative 1,2‐difunctionalization of activated alkenes (I) and (VI) with an aryl C(sp2)—H and a benzylic C(sp3)—H bond furnishing functionalized oxindols such as (III), (V), and (VIII) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Laser‐Activatable Tetrazoles for a Fast and Fluorogenic Red‐Emitting 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: An Peng , Yu Zhipeng , Lin Qing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of tetrazoles (IV) containing a 405 nm photoactivatable bithiophene moiety is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Imidazoles via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitroolefins and N‐Aryl Benzamidines.
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Dong , Chen Baohua 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds in the presence of an inexpensive catalyst under air in good yields and regioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Heterocyclization/Cross‐Coupling Domino Reaction of β,γ‐Allendiols and α‐Allenic Esters: Method and Mechanistic Insight for the Preparation of Functionalized Buta‐1,3‐dienyl Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Martinez del Campo Teresa , Quiros M. Teresa , Soriano Elena , Marco‐Contelles Jose L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor the first time, the access to enantiopure six‐membered heterocycles from two different allenes is demonstrated in a chemo‐ and regioselective palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Iodination of Flavonoids by N‐Iodosuccinimide under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Lu Kui , Chu Jie , Wang Haomeng , Fu Xiaoli , Quan Dewu , Ding Hongxia , Yao Qingwei , Yu Peng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe iodination can be conveniently directed to either the C‐6 or C‐8 position by changing the protection pattern at the C‐5 OH group.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Free Intramolecular S‐Arylation: One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiochromen‐4‐ones.
Authors: Vijay T. A. Jenifer , Nandeesh Kebbahalli N. , Raghavendra Goravanahalli M. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Mantelingu Kempegowda 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction of 2,4‐dichloroacetophenone leads also to significant amounts of methylthio substituted products (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Nicotinic Acid Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Khalil Nadia Abdalla , Ahmed Eman Mohamed , Mohamed Khaled Omar , Zaitone Sawsan Abo‐Bakr 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNew nicotinic acid derivatives (IV) display distinctive analgesic and antiinflammatory activities in comparison to mefenamic acid as reference drug.
ChemInform Abstract: New Route to the 5‐((Arylthio‐ and Heteroarylthio)methylene)‐3‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐furan‐2(5H)‐ones (II) —Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of 4‐Aminoquinoline γ‐Lactams (IV) as Potent Antimalarial Compounds.
Authors: Kanishchev Oleksandr S. , Lavoignat Adeline , Picot Stephane , Medebielle Maurice , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMost new compounds (IV) exhibit good in vitro activity against P.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines via Sonogashira Coupling and Annulation Reactions from 2‐Chloroquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Singh Radhey M. , Kumar Ritush , Sharma Neha , Asthana Mrityunjaya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA one‐pot sequential Sonogashira coupling and intramolecular cyclization of 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Isocyanide‐Based Cascade Cycloaddition Reaction with Methyleneindolinone.
Authors: Li Jian , Su Shikuan , Huang Mengyuan , Song Boyi , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords polycyclic quinolines (III), (V), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Alkyl Amide Functionalized Trifluoromethyl Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Chavva K. , Pillalamarri S. , Banda V. , Gautham S. , Gaddamedi J. , Yedla P. , Kumar C. G. , Banda N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title compounds (V), (VII), and (IX) are synthesized starting from amine (I) via selective N‐alkylation with bromoacetate (II), followed by reaction with various primary aliphatic amines, cyclic secondary amines amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide Insertion: De novo Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Phenanthridine Derivatives.
Authors: Cheng Yuanzheng , Jiang Heng , Zhang Yan , Yu Shouyun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIonic isocyanide insertion from biphenyl isocyanide derivative and Usemoto′s reagent (II) is developed resulting in an efficient synthesis of 6‐trifluoromethyl substituted phenanthridines and a series of related N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyrazole‐Fused Pyrido[3,2‐a]azulenes.
Authors: Wang Dao‐Lin , Dong Zhe , Cui Qing‐Tao , Yang Fei‐Fei , Zhao Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe solvent dependence of this domino cyclization is discussed and a reaction mechanism is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3‐Ethyl‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines Catalyzed by Al3+‐Exchanged K10 Clay as Solid Acids.
Authors: Suresh Dhanusu , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates various functional groups to provide imidazopyridine derivatives in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Unsymmetrical α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Thiobarbituric Acid.
Authors: Klochkova I. N. , Anis'kov A. A. , Shchekina M. P. , Chuvaikina S. V. , Andreev K. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords previously unknown spiro‐compounds (III) with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Carrer Amandine , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Messaoudi Samir , Alami Mouad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative C‐H arylation of various quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with arylboronic acid is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective DABCO‐Catalyzed [3 + 3]‐Cycloaddition of 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diol with Azomethine Imines.
Authors: Fang Xin , Li Jun , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe unprecedented cycloaddition affords highly functionalized dinitrogen‐fused heterocycles with high efficiency and excellent diastereoselectivity, which is controlled by anomeric effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Derivatives of 1,1,3‐Trioxo‐2H,4H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐b][1,2,4,6]thiatriazine: A New Heterocyclic System.
Authors: Chen Wenmin , Zhan Peng , Rai Diwakar , Huang Boshi , Yang Jiapei , Liu Xinyong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRing closure and Claisen rearrangement of pyrrole carboxylic acid (III) promoted by diphenylphosphoryl azide leads to the new heterocyclic system (IV) which are further functionalized.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Allylboronates by Pd‐Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization of Dienynes.
Authors: Lopez‐Duran Ruth , Martos‐Redruejo Alicia , Bunuel Elena , Pardo‐Rodriguez Virtudes , Cardenas Diego J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReaction of dienynes (I), (IV), and (VI) with bis(pinacolato)diboron (II) affords allylic boronates (III), (V), and (VII) containing five‐ or six‐membered carbo‐ or heterocycles, by concomitant formation of one C—C and one C—B bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Trigoxyphins O—T, Six New Heterodimers from Trigonostemon xyphophylloides.
Authors: Yang Biao , Chen Guang‐Yin , Song Xiao‐Ping , Yang Liu‐Qing , Han Chang‐Ri , Wu Xiang‐Yang , Zheng Cai‐Juan , Ran Xu , Tang Ri‐Feng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTrigoxyphin P (II), Q (III), and T (Vb) show moderate to significant cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Synthesized Pyridine Nucleosides under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rateb Nora M. , El‐Deab Hany A. , Abdou Ibrahim M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe microwave‐induced coupling of penta‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranose (I) with pyridones (II) and a subsequent triethylamine‐mediated deacetylation of resulting glycosides (III) afford novel pyridine nucleosides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Octalactones from Corynespora cassiicola, an Endophyte of Laguncularia racemosa.
Authors: Ebrahim Weaam , Aly Amal H. , Wray Victor , Proksch Peter , Debbab Abdessamad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFive new secondary metabolites with unusual octalactone structure are isolated from the mangrove‐derived endophyte Corynespora cassiicola, isolated from Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Ti5Si3 Nanoparticles in Molten Salts for Metal‐Matrix Nanocomposites.
Authors: Estruga Marc , Girard Steven N. , Ding Qi , Chen Lianyi , Li Xiaochun , Jin Song 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title nanoparticles are synthesized from TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in a LiCl/KCl eutectic mixture in the presence of Mg powder (autoclave, 700 °C, 2 h; 73% yield).
Model‐Predictive Feedback Control of Particle Size Distribution in Continuous Fluidised Bed Spray Granulation
Authors: Bück Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDurch Rückführung gemahlener Partikel in der kontinuierlichen Wirbelschicht‐Sprühgranulation kann es zu einem oszillierenden Prozessverhalten kommen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein modellbasiertes Regelungskonzept zur Stabilisierung der instabilen Partikelgrößenverteilungen in der kontinuierlichen Wirbelschicht‐Sprühgranulation mit externer Klassierung vorgestellt. Die Regelung wird dabei nach einem modellprädiktiven Ansatz auf Basis eines populationsdynamischen Modells für die zeitliche Entwicklung der Größenverteilung der Partikel realisiert und mit Standardmethoden (PI, LQR) verglichen.
Fenton‐Type Oxidative Degradation of N,N‐Diethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine by a Mesoporous Wormhole Structured FeTUD‐1 Catalyst
Authors: Pachamuthu Muthusamy Poomalai , Karthikeyan Sekar , Sekaran Ganesan , Maheswari Rajamanickam , Ramanathan Anand 
Published: March 2014

ABSTACTInterconnected, amorphous three dimensional, iron‐containing TUD‐1 (FeTUD‐1, Si/Fe = 25) mesoporous silica was subjected as a catalyst for degradation of refractory organic compound. The catalyst was prepared by economical, eco‐friendly sol–gel method and characterized by various techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, N2 sorption studies, diffuse reflectance UV‐Vis, Fourier transform IR, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance to understand the morphology and nature of the Fe species. The catalytic activity was evaluated by the oxidation of N,N‐diethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (DPD) with H2O2 and air. All degradation studies were analyzed by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon measurements. The effect of time, pH, H2O2 concentration, and amount of FeTUD‐1 catalyst on the DPD degradation were also examined. Heterogeneous FeTUD‐1 showed a good catalytic performance than homogeneous FeSO4 Fenton oxidation process. Besides, leaching of Fe (∼12%) was observed at pH 2. The reaction kinetics of FeTUD‐1 catalyzed degradation illustrates a first‐order kinetics. Possible degradation mechanism and formed products are discussed.
Determination of the absolute configuration of a novel odour‐active lactone, cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide, in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.)
Authors: Nakanishi Akira , Miyazawa Norio , Haraguchi Kenji , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kurobayashi Yoshiko , Nammoku Takashi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe aroma of freshly grated wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum.) is not only pungent but also sweet, fruity, green and creamy. In this study we investigated wasabi aroma concentrate by aroma extract dilution analysis. Ten odorants were detected as odour‐active compounds at the highest flavour dilution factors of 256 and 1024: 3‐methyl‐2‐butene‐1‐thiol, allyl isothiocyanate, (Z)‐1,5‐octadien‐3‐one, 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine, 4‐pentenyl isothiocyanate, 5‐hexenyl isothiocyanate, 3‐methyl‐2,4‐nonanedione, cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide, 6‐(methylthio)hexyl isothiocyanate, and vanillin. Among them, (Z)‐1,5‐octadien‐3‐one and cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide were identified for the first time in wasabi. To determine the absolute stereochemistry of cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide in wasabi, we synthesized the stereoisomers of 3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide from optically active γ‐decalactone. Finally, the absolute configurations of cis‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide were determined as (3R,4R)‐3‐methyl‐4‐decanolide by matching the retention time and odour qualities in chiral GC‐MS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiocopper for the imaging of copper metabolism
Authors: Hueting Rebekka 
Published: March 2014

The redox‐active transition metal copper is an essential trace element for growth and development and serves as a structural or catalytic cofactor for many enzymes in a range of physiological processes. Mammalian copper homeostasis is tightly regulated, and an imbalance in copper metabolism is implicated in various pathological disorders. Radioactive copper isotopes, in particular 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and 67Cu (t1/2 = 62.01 h), have made important contributions to the understanding of copper metabolism in health and disease.This review gives a brief account of how radiolabelled copper(II) salts and bioreductive copper complexes have been used to trace copper uptake, transport and efflux in vitro and in vivo. Recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has emerged as a noninvasive tool to image copper metabolism in living subjects and 64Cu‐PET is investigated for the study of copper‐related neurological disorders, genetic diseases and cancer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of climate change on soil organic carbon in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhao Dongsheng , Wu Shaohong , Dai Erfu , Yin Yunhe 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study simulated the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) to future climate change in Inner Mongolia. The Lund–Potsdam–Jena model, which is a dynamic vegetation model, was improved in accordance with the ecosystem features in China. In this study, this model was driven by the A1B, A2, and B2 climate scenarios generated by a regional climate model. To assess the spatial and temporal variations in SOC, four 30‐year periods were defined, namely baseline term (1961–1990), near term (2011–2040), middle term (2041–2070), and long term (2071–2100). Results suggest that, under the climate scenarios, soil organic carbon density (SOCD) significantly decreases from 1991 to 2100. SOCD may slightly decrease before 2025 but rapidly decreases after 2025, particularly for the A1B scenario, which shows the largest decrement in SOCD, followed by the B2 and A2 scenarios. Large and small decrements of SOCD may occur in Western and Eastern Inner Mongolia, respectively. The effects of climate change on SOCD are generally insignificant in the near term. In the middle term, the areas of SOCD decrement would expand, and the negative effects of climate change would dominate. In the long term, the negative effect of climate change would be further enhanced, and the SOCD in most areas of Inner Mongolia would decrease.
Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin‐film transistors prepared by magnetron sputtering using Kr and Xe instead of Ar
Authors: Goto Tetsuya , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Ohmi Tadahiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHeavier noble gases Kr and Xe instead of the lighter Ar during the magnetron‐sputtering deposition of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide films are introduced in fabricating their thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Heavy noble gases can reduce damage to film induced by ion bombardment during the sputtering depositions. Higher field‐effect mobility with better gate bias stability can be obtained in the heavier‐noble‐gas sputtered TFTs. Raman spectroscopic analysis and X‐ray reflectometry respectively suggest that the disordered structure in the film is suppressed, and the film becomes denser by introducing heavy noble gases, corresponding to the improvement of TFT performance.
Prozesse, Geschäftsmodelle, Strategien
Authors: Aydin Daniel , Hackelöer Kristina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnternehmensberater zu werden, steht bei den meisten Naturwissenschaftlern nicht auf dem Wunschzettel. Dabei können sie bei Consulting‐Spezialisten, die sich auf die chemische Industrie konzentrieren, ihr Fachwissen in Projekte einbringen, so wie die Chemiker Daniel Aydin und Kristina Hackelöer.