bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A delay‐centric parallel multi‐path routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks
Authors: Zou Shihong , Gui Li , Zhong Xiaofeng , Wang Chonggang , Tian Chunqi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a delay‐centric parallel multi‐path routing protocol for multi‐hop cognitive radio ad hoc networks. First, we analyze the end‐to‐end delay of multi‐path routing based on queueing theory and present a new dynamic traffic assignment scheme for multi‐path routing with the objective of minimizing end‐to‐end delay, considering both spectrum availability and link data rate. The problem is formulated as a convex problem and solved by a gradient‐based search method to obtain optimal traffic assignments. Furthermore, a heuristic decentralized traffic assignment scheme for multi‐path routing is presented. Then, based on the delay analysis and the 3D conflict graph that captures spectrum opportunity and interference among paths, we present a route discovery and selection scheme. Via extensive NS2‐based simulation, we show that the proposed protocol outperforms the benchmark protocols significantly and achieves the shortest end‐to‐end delay. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographic Patterns and Outcomes of Patients in Level I Trauma Centers in Three International Trauma Systems
Authors: Gunning Amy C. , Lansink Koen W. W. , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Balogh Zsolt J. , Rivara Frederick P. , Maier Ronald V. , Leenen Luke P. H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionTrauma systems were developed to improve the care for the injured. The designation and elements comprising these systems vary across countries. In this study, we have compared the demographic patterns and patient outcomes of Level I trauma centers in three international trauma systems.MethodsInternational multicenter prospective trauma registry‐based study, performed in the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands, John Hunter Hospital (JHH), Newcastle, Australia, and Harborview Medical Center (HMC), Seattle, the United States. Inclusion: patients ≥18 years, admitted in 2012, registered in the institutional trauma registry.ResultsIn UMCU, JHH, and HMC, respectively, 955, 1146, and 4049 patients met the inclusion criteria of which 300, 412, and 1375 patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. Mean ISS was higher in JHH (13.5; p < 0.001) and HMC (13.4; p < 0.001) compared to UMCU (11.7). Unadjusted mortality: UMCU = 6.5 %, JHH = 3.6 %, and HMC = 4.8 %. Adjusted odds of death: JHH = 0.498 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.303–0.818] and HMC = 0.473 (95 % CI 0.325–0.690) compared to UMCU. HMC compared to JHH was 1.002 (95 % CI 0.664–1.514). Odds of death patients ISS > 15: JHH = 0.507 (95 % CI 0.300–0.857) and HMC = 0.451 (95 % CI 0.297–0.683) compared to UMCU. HMC = 0.931 (95 % CI 0.608–1.425) compared to JHH. TRISS analysis: UMCU: Ws = 0.787, Z = 1.31, M = 0.87; JHH, Ws = 3.583, Z = 6.7, M = 0.89; HMC, Ws = 3.902, Z = 14.6, M = 0.84.ConclusionThis study demonstrated substantial differences across centers in patient characteristics and mortality, mainly of neurological cause. Future research must investigate whether the outcome differences remain with nonfatal and long‐term outcomes. Furthermore, we must focus on the development of a more valid method to compare systems.
Autoantibodies are not Predictive Markers for the Development of Depressive Symptoms in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Iseme R.A. , McEvoy M. , Kelly B. , Agnew L. , Attia J. , Walker F.R. , Oldmeadow C. , Boyle M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAutoantibodies have been implicated in the etiologic pathway of depressive disorders. Here, we determine the association between the presence of a panel of autoantibodies at baseline and change in depression symptom score over 5-year follow-up in a cohort of healthy elderly Australians.MethodsSerum samples from 2049 randomly selected subjects enrolled in the Hunter Community Study (HCS) aged 55–85 years were assayed for a range of autoimmune markers (anti-nuclear autoantibodies, extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies, thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies, tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies, anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies, rheumatoid factor and cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies) at baseline. Depression symptom score was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Study (CES-D) scale at baseline and 5 years later.ResultsAutoantibody prevalence varied amongst our sample with ANA being the most prevalent; positive in 16% and borderline in 36% of study population. No evidence for a relationship was found between change in CES-D score over time and any autoimmune marker. Statins and high cholesterol were significantly associated with change in CES-D score over time in univariate analysis; however, these were probably confounded since they failed to remain significant following multivariable analysis.ConclusionsAutoantibodies were not associated with change in CES-D score over time. These findings point to an absence of autoimmune mechanisms in the general population or in moderate cases of depression.
Does It Pay to Be Green? Financial Benefits of Environmental Labeling among Chinese Firms, 2000–2005
Authors: Wang Lihua , Cui Zhiyu , Liang Xiaoya 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTDrawing on economic, sociological, and strategic perspectives, we use data of a large sample of 936 Chinese manufacturing firms in the period from 2000 to 2005 to examine how environmental labeling may affect a firm's financial performance. We argue that reducing information asymmetry, increasing legitimacy, and differentiating strategically through environmental labeling may prompt customers to patronize the firm, thereby enhancing firm performance. However, not all firms benefit equally; environmental labeling conveys fewer benefits for larger firms and for firms listed in a stock market, because they are less threatened by information asymmetry or insufficient organizational legitimacy. Our findings suggest that environmental labeling has generally limited influence on financial performance, but for small and unlisted firms, environmental labeling increases sales.
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardiovascular risk factor profile in youth with type 1 diabetes: application of measurement error methodology in the SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study
Authors: Liese Angela D. , Crandell Jamie L. , Tooze Janet A. , Kipnis Victor , Bell Ronny , Couch Sarah C. , Dabelea Dana , Crume Tessa L. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2015

The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study aims to investigate the role of dietary intake on the development of long-term complications of type 1 diabetes in youth, and capitalise on measurement error (ME) adjustment methodology. Using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method for episodically consumed foods, we evaluated the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and cardiovascular risk factor profile, with the application of ME adjustment methodology. The calibration sample included 166 youth with two FFQ and three 24 h dietary recall data within 1 month. The full sample included 2286 youth with type 1 diabetes. SSB intake was significantly associated with higher TAG, total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, after adjusting for energy, age, diabetes duration, race/ethnicity, sex and education. The estimated effect size was larger (model coefficients increased approximately 3-fold) after the application of the NCI method than without adjustment for ME. Compared with individuals consuming one serving of SSB every 2 weeks, those who consumed one serving of SSB every 2 d had 3·7 mg/dl (0·04 mmol/l) higher TAG concentrations and 4·0 mg/dl (0·10 mmol/l) higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, after adjusting for ME and covariates. SSB intake was not associated with measures of adiposity and blood pressure. Our findings suggest that SSB intake is significantly related to increased lipid levels in youth with type 1 diabetes, and that estimates of the effect size of SSB on lipid levels are severely attenuated in the presence of ME. Future studies in youth with diabetes should consider a design that will allow for the adjustment for ME when studying the influence of diet on health status.
Supermadres, Maternal Legacies and Women's Political Participation in Contemporary Latin America
Authors: FRANCESCHET SUSAN , PISCOPO JENNIFER M. , THOMAS GWYNN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractElsa Chaney once argued that Latin American women turned to motherhood to justify their political participation. Now that Latin American women have gained unprecedented access to national-level office, we ask whether these cultural narratives of maternalism still condition female politicians’ access to political power. Using public opinion data, media analysis, and elite interviews, we conceptualise four strategic frames deployed by elite women to justify their national-level political careers: the traditional supermadre, the technocratic caretaker, the macho minimiser, and the difference denier. We argue that while today's female politicians have developed diverse responses to maternalism, their access to public office remains profoundly shaped by structural constraints and cultural narratives that privilege traditional feminine ideals of caretaking.
Gröbner basis and resultant method for the forward displacement of 3-DoF planar parallel manipulators in seven-dimensional kinematic space
Authors: Naderi Davood , Tale-Masouleh Mehdi , Varshovi-Jaghargh Payam 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, the forward kinematic analysis of 3-degree-of-freedom planar parallel robots with identical limb structures is presented. The proposed algorithm is based on Study's kinematic mapping (E. Study, “von den Bewegungen und Umlegungen,”Math. Ann.39, 441–565 (1891)), resultant method, and the Gröbner basis in seven-dimensional kinematic space. The obtained solution in seven-dimensional kinematic space of the forward kinematic problem is mapped into three-dimensional Euclidean space. An alternative solution of the forward kinematic problem is obtained using resultant method in three-dimensional Euclidean space, and the result is compared with the obtained mapping result from seven-dimensional kinematic space. Both approaches lead to the same maximum number of solutions: 2, 6, 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2, and 2 for the forward kinematic problem of planar parallel robots; 3-RPR, 3-RPR, 3-RRR, 3-RRR, 3-RRP, 3-RPP, 3-RPP, 3-PRR, 3-PRR, and 3-PRP, respectively.
Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha:Teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior
Authors: TAYLOR SCOTT M. , LOEW ELLIS R. , GRACE MICHAEL S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnlike the mammalian retina, the teleost fish retina undergoes persistent neurogenesis from intrinsic stem cells. In marine teleosts, most cone photoreceptor genesis occurs early in the embryonic and larval stages, and rods are added primarily during and after metamorphosis. This study demonstrates a developmental paradigm in elopomorph fishes in which retinas are rod-dominated in larvae, but undergo periods of later cone genesis. Retinal characteristics were compared at different developmental stages among three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes—ladyfish (Elops saurus), bonefish (Albula vulpes), and speckled worm eel (Myrophis punctatus). The objectives were to improve our understanding of (1) the developmental strategy in the elopomorph retina, (2) the functional architecture of the retina as it relates to ecology, and (3) how the light environment influences photoreceptor genesis. Photoreceptor morphologies, distributions, and spectral absorption were studied at larval, juvenile, and adult stages. Premetamorphic retinas in all three species are rod-dominated, but the retinas of these species undergo dramatic change over the course of development, resulting in juvenile and adult retinal characteristics that correlate closely with ecology. AdultE. saurushas high rod densities, grouped photoreceptors, a reflective tapetum, and longer-wavelength photopigments, supporting vision in turbid, low-light conditions. AdultA. vulpeshas high cone densities, low rod densities, and shorter-wavelength photopigments, supporting diurnal vision in shallow, clear water.M. punctatusloses cones during metamorphosis, develops new cones after settlement, and maintains high rod but low cone densities, supporting primarily nocturnal vision.M. punctatussecondary cone genesis occurs rapidly throughout the retina, suggesting a novel mechanism of vertebrate photoreceptor genesis. Finally, in postsettlementM. punctatus, the continuous presence or absence of visible light modulates rod distribution but does not affect secondary cone genesis, suggesting some degree of developmental plasticity influenced by the light environment.
Resolving the organization of the third tier visual cortex in primates: A hypothesis-based approach
Authors: ANGELUCCI ALESSANDRA , ROSA MARCELLO G.P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAs highlighted by several contributions to this special issue, there is still ongoing debate about the number, exact location, and boundaries of the visual areas located in cortex immediately rostral to the second visual area (V2), i.e., the “third tier” visual cortex, in primates. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the main ideas that have led to four models of third tier cortex organization, which are at the center of today's debate. We formulate specific predictions of these models, and compare these predictions with experimental evidence obtained primarily in New World primates. From this analysis, we conclude that only one of these models (the “multiple-areas” model) can accommodate the breadth of available experimental evidence. According to this model, most of the third tier cortex in New World primates is occupied by two distinct areas, both representing the full contralateral visual quadrant: the dorsomedial area (DM), restricted to the dorsal half of the third visual complex, and the ventrolateral posterior area (VLP), occupying its ventral half and a substantial fraction of its dorsal half. DM belongs to the dorsal stream of visual processing, and overlaps with macaque parietooccipital (PO) area (or V6), whereas VLP belongs to the ventral stream and overlaps considerably with area V3 proposed by others. In contrast, there is substantial evidence that is inconsistent with the concept of a single elongated area V3 lining much of V2. We also review the experimental evidence from macaque monkey and humans, and propose that, once the data are interpreted within an evolutionary-developmental context, these species share a homologous (but not necessarily identical) organization of the third tier cortex as that observed in New World monkeys. Finally, we identify outstanding issues, and propose experiments to resolve them, highlighting in particular the need for more extensive, hypothesis-driven investigations in macaque and humans.
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque monkey
Authors: GAMBERINI MICHELA , FATTORI PATRIZIA , GALLETTI CLAUDIO 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact that many areas of mPOC are located within very deep sulci further limits the possibility to investigate their anatomo-functional properties. In the present review, we summarize the location and extent of mPOC areas in the macaque brain as obtained by architectural, connectional, and functional data. The different approaches lead to a subdivision of mPOC that includes areas V2, V3, V6, V6Av, and V6Ad. Extrastriate areas V2 and V3 occupy the posterior wall of the parieto-occipital sulcus (POs). The fundus of POs and the ventralmost part of the anterior wall of the sulcus are occupied by a retinotopically organized visual area, called V6, which represents the contralateral part of the visual field and emphasizes its periphery. The remaining part of the anterior wall of POs is occupied by two areas, V6Av and V6Ad, which contain visual as well as arm reaching neurons. Our analyses suggest that areas V6 and V6Av, together, occupy the cortical territory previously described as area PO. Functionally, area V6 is a motion area particularly sensitive to the real motion of objects in the animal's field of view, while V6Av and V6Ad are visuomotor areas likely involved in the visual guidance of arm movement and object prehension.
What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
Authors: OLMAN CHERYL A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInferring neural responses from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is challenging. Even if we take advantage of high-field systems to acquire data with submillimeter resolution, we are still acquiring data in which a single datum summarizes the responses of tens of thousands of neurons. Excitation and inhibition, spikes and subthreshold membrane potential modulations, local and long-range computations, and tuned and nonselective responses are mixed together in one signal. With a priori knowledge of the underlying neural population responses, careful experiment design allows us to manipulate the experiment or task design so that subpopulations are selectively modulated, and our experiments can reveal those tuning functions. However, because we want to be able to use fMRI to discover new kinds of tuning functions and selectivity, we cannot limit ourselves to experiments in which we already know what we are looking for. Broadly speaking, analyses that rely on classification of responses that are distributed across the local neural population [multi-voxel pattern analyses (MVPA)] offer the ability to discover new kinds of information representation and selectivities in neural subpopulations. There is, however, no way to determine how the information discovered with MVPA or other analyses is related to the underlying neuronal tuning functions. Therefore, we must continue to rely on behavioral, computational, and animal models to develop theories of information representation in mid-tier visual cortical areas. Once encoding models exist, fMRI can be powerful for testing these a priori models of information representation. As an aide in developing these models, an important contribution that fMRI can make to our understanding of mid-tier visual areas is derived from connectivity analyses and experiments that study information sharing between visual areas. This ability to quantify localized population average responses throughout the brain is the strength we can best leverage to discover new properties of local and long-range neural networks.
EBSDinterp 1.0: A MATLAB® Program to Perform Microstructurally Constrained Interpolation of EBSD Data
Authors: Pearce Mark A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEBSDinterp is a graphic user interface (GUI)-based MATLAB® program to perform microstructurally constrained interpolation of nonindexed electron backscatter diffraction data points. The area available for interpolation is restricted using variations in pattern quality or band contrast (BC). Areas of low BC are not available for interpolation, and therefore cannot be erroneously filled by adjacent grains “growing” into them. Points with the most indexed neighbors are interpolated first and the required number of neighbors is reduced with each successive round until a minimum number of neighbors is reached. Further iterations allow more data points to be filled by reducing the BC threshold. This method ensures that the best quality points (those with high BC and most neighbors) are interpolated first, and that the interpolation is restricted to grain interiors before adjacent grains are grown together to produce a complete microstructure. The algorithm is implemented through a GUI, taking advantage of MATLAB®’s parallel processing toolbox to perform the interpolations rapidly so that a variety of parameters can be tested to ensure that the final microstructures are robust and artifact-free. The software is freely available through the CSIRO Data Access Portal (doi:10.4225/08/5510090C6E620) as both a compiled Windows executable and as source code.
A Hierarchical (Multicomponent) Model of In-Group Identification: Examining in Russian Samples
Authors: Lovakov Andrey V. , Agadullina Elena R. , Osin Evgeny N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of Leach et al.’s (2008) model of in-group identification in two studies using Russian samples (overallN= 621). In Study 1, a series of multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the hierarchical model of in-group identification, which included two second-order factors, self-definition (individual self-stereotyping, and in-group homogeneity) and self-investment (satisfaction, solidarity, and centrality), fitted the data well for all four group identities (ethnic, religious, university, and gender) (CFI > .93, TLI > .92, RMSEA < .06, SRMR < .06) and demonstrated a better fit, compared to the alternative models. In Study 2, the construct validity and reliability of the Russian version of the in-group identification measure was examined. Results show that these measures have adequate psychometric properties. In short, our results show that Leach et al.’s model is reproduced in Russian culture. The Russian version of this measure can be recommended for use in future in-group research in Russian-speaking samples.
2,4,5-Trimethoxyldalbergiquinol promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization via the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Yun H-M , Park K-R , Quang T H , Oh H , Hong J T , Kim Y-C , Kim E-C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDalbergia odorifera has been traditionally used as a medicine to treat many diseases. However, the role of 2,4,5-trimethoxyldalbergiquinol (TMDQ) isolated and extracted from D. odorifera in osteoblast function and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of TMDQ on osteoblastic differentiation of primary cultures of mouse osteoblasts as an in vitro assay system. TMDQ stimulated osteoblastic differentiation, as assessed by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, mineralized nodule formation, and the levels of mRNAs encoding the bone differentiation markers, including ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin. TMDQ upregulated the expression of Bmp2 and Bmp4 genes, and increased the protein level of phospho-Smad1/5/8. Furthermore, TMDQ treatment showed the increased mRNA expression of Wnt ligands, phosphorylation of GSK3, and the expression of β-catenin protein. The TMDQ-induced osteogenic effects were abolished by Wnt inhibitor, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, noggin. TMDQ-induced runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expression was attenuatted by noggin and DKK1. These data suggest that TMDQ acts through the activation of BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and Runx2 signaling to promote osteoblast differentiation, and we demonstrate that TMDQ could be a potential agent for the treatment of bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.