bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean and DASH Diet Scores and Mortality in Women With Heart Failure
Authors: Levitan Emily B. , Lewis Cora E. , Tinker Lesley F. , Eaton Charles B. , Ahmed Ali , Manson JoAnn E. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Martin Lisa W. , Trevisan Maurizio , Howard Barbara V. , Shikany James M. 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Current dietary recommendations for patients with heart failure (HF) are largely based on data from non-HF populations; evidence on associations of dietary patterns with outcomes in HF is limited. We therefore evaluated associations of Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores with mortality among postmenopausal women with HF.

Methods and Results—

Women’s Health Initiative participants were followed up from the date of HF hospitalization through the date of death or last participant contact before August 2009. Mediterranean and DASH diet scores were calculated from food-frequency questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics, health behaviors, and health status were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). For a median of 4.6 years of follow-up, 1385 of 3215 (43.1%) participants who experienced a HF hospitalization died. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 1 (reference), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.89–1.24), 0.97 (95% CI, 0.81–1.17), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70–1.02) across quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score (
P
trend=0.08) and 1 (reference), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.89–1.21), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70–0.98), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70–1.00) across quartiles of the DASH diet score (
P
trend=0.01). Diet score components, vegetables, nuts, and whole grain intake, were inversely associated with mortality.

Conclusions—
Higher DASH diet scores were associated with modestly lower mortality in women with HF, and there was a nonsignificant trend toward an inverse association with Mediterranean diet scores. These data provide support for the concept that dietary recommendations developed for other cardiovascular conditions or general populations may also be appropriate in patients with HF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Muʿtazilī Discussions of the Abrogation of the Torah Ibn Ḫallād (4th/10th century) and His Commentators*
Authors: Schmidtke Sabine , Adang Camilla 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. Ḫallād al-Baṣrī, a distinguished disciple of Abū Hāšim al-Ǧubbāʾī (d. 321/933), wrote a Kitāb al-Uṣūl together with an autocommentary, both of which are lost. Substantial portions of his Kitāb al-Uṣūl, though, have reached us embedded in two works by later Muʿtazilī authors, viz. the Kitāb Ziyādāt Šarḥ al-uṣūl by the Zaydī Imām al-Nāṭiq bi-l-Ḥaqq Abū Ṭālib Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥusayn b. Hārūn al-Buṭḥānī (d. 424/1033) and a second supercommentary or taʿlīq that was apparently composed by the Zaydī author ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-Daylamī Siyāh [Šāh] Sarīǧān [Sarbīǧān]. Both works provide valuable and supplementary information on Ibn Ḫallād’s original Kitāb al-Uṣūl/Šarḥ al-uṣūl. By way of example, the section on the abrogation of the Torah from the two commentaries is offered in a critical edition, and the similarities and discrepancies between the two works are discussed in detail on the basis of this section. The issue discussed here is one of the main arguments in polemics between Muslims and Jews.
Early Postoperative Results in Stapedectomy
Authors: Sperling Neil M. , Sury Krishna , Gordon Jessica , Cox Shaun 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo measure early audiometric changes after primary stapedotomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic inner‐city hospitals.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive patients operated on by the first author were included (only 1 ear in cases of bilateral surgery), and their audiometric results were reviewed. Data were analyzed from 45 ears. Air and bone audiometric measures were analyzed from 5 days post operation and 6 months post operation. Threshold shifts were quantified at 5 days and 6 months post operation.ResultsOverall results for the group were good, with 91% of patients achieving an air‐bone gap less than or equal to 10 dB by 6 months post operation. Threshold shifts in at least 1 frequency were common at 5 days (62% of patients), but less so at 6 months (36%). Patients with shifts did not have worse overall outcomes at 6 months than those with no shifts. No difference in results was observed for the 2 prostheses used in this series.ConclusionEarly audiometric results after stapedectomy commonly reveal worsened bone conduction (postoperative threshold shifts), which may reflect cochlear trauma, but do not lead to poorer outcomes as measured by conventional methods.
Local Safety Concerns of Repited Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex®) For Macular Diseases
Authors: Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Hernández-Martinez Pablo q , Hervás-Ontiveros Ana , Martínez-Castillo Sebastián , Dolz-Marco Rosa , Arévalo J. Fernando , Wu Lihteh , Díaz-Llopis Manuel 
Published: October 2013

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to analyze the expanding indications for the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) in macular edema of varied diseases, and determine its safety concerns.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the ophthalmic charts of patients treated with at least one intravitreal injection of Ozurdex® since April 2010 to October 2011. Data regarding complications of the procedure as well as the need for cataract surgery were collected. No patient with the diagnosis of glaucoma was included in the present study. Early recurrences where treated with laser photocoagulation or intravitreal ranibizumab at the discretion of the physician; late recurrences where treated with a new Ozurdex® injection.
Results: The causative diseases of ME in the 214 eyes of our sample were: diabetic macular edema (101 eyes of 84 patients); branch retinal vein occlusion (27 eyes of 27 patients with superior temporal branch occlusion; 6 eyes of 6 patients with inferior temporal branch occlusion); central retinal vein occlusion (23 eyes of 23 patients); uveitic macular edema (13 eyes of 11 patients). Patients with other indications such as exudative age-related macular degeneration (27 eyes of 27 patients), and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (7 eyes of 7 patients). Regarding complications, we found a rate of posterior cataract progression in 69.6% of phakic eyes after receiving a second intravitreal Ozurdex® for the treatment of ME. A significant IOP increase was evidenced in 21.18% of cases following the first Ozurdex® implant. Patients with uveitic macular edema (UME) showed the greatest rate of IOP increase (53.86%) following Ozurdex® implant. In addition, anterior chamber migration of the Ozurdex® implant was seen in 2 cases with lens posterior capsule rupture.
Discussion: This is a descriptive study of 214 eyes of 189 patients treated with intravitreal Ozurdex® in real-life conditions, which adds an important value for the retinal physicians. Further long-term studies are warranted in order to establish a more accurate safety profile of Ozurdex® for retinal diseases.
Are nanotechnology and robotics alternatives for therapeutic and theragnostic ophthalmic applications technologies for eye care services
Authors: Ospina Patricia Durán 
Published: October 2013

Objective: To identify new technological advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology and robotics and their application in diagnosis and therapeutics for visual health.
Methodology: The systematic review was made in Journal of Engineering, Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, NIH Public Access, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Intechweb open access journal and books, among others for a total review of 43 articles and 6 books. The databases used were: NLM Catalogue, (NCBI), Scirus, CiteSeer and open access (Intechopen, Hindawi) with the advances in nanotechnology, artificial vision and robotics applied to visual health.
Results: Retina implants, ocular memristors, ocular electrodes and chips, digital cameras and smart phone applications for low vision patients are some of the new alternatives in technology for the diagnosis based on biotechnology and nanotechnology and on the several years of job of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary researchers of different fields to make innovation useful for visual impairment, ocular microbiology and molecular immunodiagnostics. The FDA recently approved the retina implants and this opened a new field to allow converting light signals into electrical signals. On the other hand, in the field of pharmacology, ocular nano-carrier molecules for sustained release of drugs and other devices to vitrectomies are some of the significant health advance studies for the future in visual health. Additionally, in the field of contact lenses and artificial corneas: biopolymers for biosensors have been developed for early detection of keratoconus and systemic diseases.
Conclusions: Nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics and bio-molecular biology are emerging and convergent sciences that when applied to visual sciences will be helpful for the patients, and are an increase in papers on innovation of this field, involving a multidisciplinary team requiring new divulgation in the role and performance of the visual health professionals of the future. To know and divulgate these new technologies is important for continued joint efforts around global education, and to create a database with new keywords, in order to know who and where these innovations are improving around the world, to planning researcher mobility and to include these new valuable technologies in the curriculum of visual health and get the patient safe.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Ophthalmology - are they a Myth?
Authors: Miguel Ana 
Published: October 2013

Sometimes ocular (and systemic) therapeutics may cause ocular (and systemic) diseases, namely adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The Journal of Ocular Diseases and Therapeutics is therefore doubly adequate for discussion of the theme of ADRs in Ophthalmology.
Many terms are utilized as synonyms but the correct definition of ADR (according to the World Health Organization, WHO) is: "any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy".
Ophthalmology is one of the medical specialties in which there is a high difficulty in continuous diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Additionally, the specific and delicate anatomy and physiology of the eye may easily be disrupted by an ADR, with possible irreversible consequences. Ocular ADRs may be frequent (such as cornea verticillata caused by amiodarone) or specific. On the other hand, systemic ADRs may occur after ocular treatments (such as hypotension after instillation of a beta-blocker drop).
The timely detection and recognition of ADRs is therefore critical. Several methods exist for the detection of ADRs, but few are specific or apply to ADRs in Ophthalmology. Spontaneous reporting is a low-resource method for detection of ADRs but has flaws, namely under-detection and risk of bias. The literature can be confusing or incomplete, with several case reports and case series about ocular ADRs lacking a causality assessment (such as Naranjo's or WHO's).
In conclusion, ADRs in Ophthalmology are a heterogeneous group of ADRs that lack detection, assessment and systematization. Studies about ADRs should increase their quality for further clarification. Each ophthalmologist should know the specific ocular ADRs to systemic medication, the specific systemic ADRs to ocular medication, and to detect and treat them adequately for good clinical practice.
New Molecular Approaches in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Baldini Enke , Tuccilli Chiara , Prinzi Natalie , Sorrenti Salvatore , Bianchini Marta , Del Sordo Marianna , Alessandrini Stefania , Mocini Renzo , Ulisse Salvatore 
Published: October 2013

Thyroid nodules are very common in the adult population, but only a minority of them harbor a malignant lesion. Therefore, the first aim in their clinical evaluation is to exclude malignancy. To date, the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) represents the main diagnostic tool for the evaluation of thyroid nodules and cervical lymph nodes (CLN) suspected of metastatic disease. It has to be mentioned, however, that FNAC on thyroid nodules suffers from a major diagnostic limit represented by cellular atypias of indeterminate significance, which require the histological diagnosis. Also the FNAC performed on CLN may be a challenging diagnostic category as CLN could harbor metastases from a multiplicity of extrathyroidal malignancies or be affected by several non-tumoral diseases. In addition, inadequate cellularity obtained from both thyroid nodules or CLN prevents diagnosis in about 20% of specimens.
Total thyroidectomy followed by adjuvant therapy with 131I is the treatment of choice for most patients affected by DTC. Although the prognosis of DTC patients is favorable, about 20% of them face the morbidity of disease recurrence and tumor-related deaths. Thus far, the prognosis of these patients still relies on clinic-pathological variables such as patient’s age, tumor size, histology, lymph node or distant metastasis, which are not accurate in predicting the long-term outcome. As a consequence, the identification of new molecular biomarkers strictly related to the risk of DTC relapse is highly needed.
In the present review we’ll attempt to summarize the recent characterization of new molecular markers able to ameliorate the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer patients.
Reviews Books
Authors: Frank Alison , Lerner Ivan , Presence Steve , Rush Zachariah , Weismann Brad 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Directory of World Cinema: France, Tim Palmer and Charlie Michael (eds), (2013)Bristol, UK: Intellect, 325 pp., ISBN 9781841505633 (pbk), £15.95
War, Politics and Superheroes: Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film, Marc Di Paolo, (2011)Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 336 pp., ISBN 9780786447183 (pbk), $45.00
The Cinema of Michael Winterbottom, Deborah Allison, (2012) Plymouth: Lexington, 224 pp., ISBN 9780739125847 (pbk), £19.95
A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 2: The Industrializing Years 1941–1978, Hamid Naficy, (2011) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 525 pp., ISBN 9780822347743 (pbk), $27.95/£18.99This second volume
The Actor Within: Intimate Conversations with Great Actors, Rose Eichenbaum, (2011)Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 245 pp., ISBN 9780819569523 (hbk), $30.00; ISBN 9780819571656 (ebook), $10.09
Reference change values to assess changes in concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in individuals participating in a cigarette-switching study
Authors: Camacho Oscar M. , Shepperd Christopher J. , Eldridge Alison , Meyer Ingo , Proctor Christopher J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: In a previous clinical study, levels of biomarkers of exposure (BoEs) for specific toxicants were significantly reduced in smokers who switched from conventional cigarettes to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarettes. Very little is known about the biological variability of tobacco smoke BoEs within individuals and sub-groups, and the descriptive group-comparison statistics might not be sufficient to understand such changes. Therefore, we assessed how different statistical methods could be used to interpret changes in urine BoE levels at the individual level.

Methods: We used non-parametric statistical reference limits, the empirical rule and reference change values (RCVs) to assess changes in levels of BoEs related to four toxicants in cigarettes smoke. Current smokers [of 6 mg and 1 mg International Organization for Standardization (ISO) tar yields] were allocated to switching to RTP groups or non-switching control groups within their respective tar bands. There were two 6 mg tar study groups, with a non-switching group (CC6, n=46) and a group switching to an RTP containing tobacco-substitute sheet and modified filter (TSS6, n=49); and three 1 mg tar smoker groups, with one non-switching (CC1, n=42), a group switching to an RTP containing tobacco-substitute sheet and modified filter (TSS1, n=44) and one switching to an RTP containing an enzyme-treated tobacco and modified filter (BT1, n=47).

Results: Assessment of the direction of change showed that up to the 100% of subjects experienced a decrease in levels of some BoEs. Between 49% and 64% of subjects in the switching groups were classified as having decreased levels of 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA) by the non-parametric criterion, whereas only 2%–6% had reduced levels of N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT). Of non-switchers, in 7%–14% of those smoking 1 mg ISO tar yield cigarettes increases were classified across all BoEs. RCVs highlighted patterns with more detail, showing that most changes occurred within 14 days of switching. Among smokers who switched to 6 mg RTPs, 40%, 44%, 6% and 15%, respectively, were classified as experiencing significant decreasing levels of HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and NAT, whereas in the two 1 mg switching groups 46%, 22%, 11% and 52% and 43%, 27%, 2% and 16% had decreased levels of the same biomarkers. Up to five subjects in the 6 mg non-switching group were classified as having increased levels of all BoEs.

Conclusions: Although we believe that is not possible to determine whether the observed changes in BoEs reflect biological relevance, the use of reference values enables assessment of changes in BoEs at the individual level. Estimates of the BoE variability between subjects might aid study design and setting minimum targets for smoke toxicant yields for future development of RTPs.
Evaluation of partial area under the concentration time curve to estimate midazolam apparent oral clearance for cytochrome P450 3A phenotyping
Authors: Tai Wei , Gong Sheryl L. , Tsunoda Shirley M. , Greenberg Howard E. , Gorski J. Christopher , Penzak Scott R. , Stoch S. Aubrey , Ma Joseph D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: Midazolam apparent oral clearance (CLORAL) is used to estimate intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity. A limited sampling approach was performed to access a midazolam partial area under the concentration time curve (AUC) to estimate CLORAL.

Methods: Midazolam plasma concentrations from healthy adults were obtained during CYP3A baseline (n=116), inhibition (n=75), and induction or activation (n=66) from seven published studies. Observed CLORAL and partial AUCs of AUC0-2, AUC0-4, AUC0-6, AUC1-2, AUC1-4, AUC2-4, and AUC2-6 were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Subject data were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Linear regression equations, derived from partial AUCs, were developed from training set data. Predicted CLORAL was determined from these equations from validation set data. Preset criterion was a coefficient of determination (r
2) greater than or equal to 0.9. Bias and precision were evaluated by relative percent mean prediction error (%MPE) and relative percent mean absolute error (%MAE).

Results: During CYP3A baseline conditions, all of the evaluated CLORAL equations had unacceptable r
2 (range: 0.34–0.86). During CYP3A inhibition, all of the evaluated CLORAL equations had unacceptable %MAE. Acceptable r
2, %MPE, and %MAE were observed during CYP3A induction/activation with AUC0-4 (r
2=0.99, %MPE=3.9, %MAE=12.5) and AUC1-4 (r
2=0.99, %MPE=6%, %MAE=11.1%). The same equations also predicted the extent of CYP3A induction as a lack of equivalence was observed with AUC0-4 and AUC1-4.

Conclusions: Midazolam partial AUCs were unable to estimate CYP3A activity during the evaluated baseline and inhibitory conditions. Midazolam CLORAL utilizing a partial AUC0-4 and AUC1-4 was able to estimate CYP3A induction with rifampin and Ginkgo biloba extract.
Body image satisfaction and self-esteem in Thai female adolescents: the moderating role of self-compassion
Authors: Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Taephant Nattasuda , Attasaranya Ploychompoo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Aim: Body image satisfaction significantly influences self-esteem in female adolescents. Increased reports of lowered satisfaction in this population have raised concerns regarding their compromised self-esteem. This research study, therefore, sought to identify a culturally significant moderator of the association between body image satisfaction and self-esteem in Thai female adolescents. Orientation toward self-compassion, found to be particularly high in Thailand, was examined.
Materials and methods: A total of 302 Thai female undergraduates from three large public and private universities in the Bangkok metropolitan area responded to a set of questionnaires, which measured demographic information, body image satisfaction, self-compassion, and self-esteem. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Self-compassion was tested as a moderator of the relationship between body image satisfaction and self-esteem.
Results: Although its effect was relatively small, self-compassion significantly moderated the positive relationship between body image satisfaction and self-esteem. The relationship became less stringent for those with high self-compassion.
Discussion: The cultivation of self-compassion was recommended in female adolescents. In addition to moderating the association between body image satisfaction and self-esteem, the benefits to health and well-being of generalizing this cultivation are discussed.