bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Authors: Carey Megan E. , Thi Nguyen To Nguyen , Tran Do Hoang Nhu , Dyson Zoe A. , Keane Jacqueline A. , Pham Thanh Duy , Mylona Elli , Nair Satheesh , Chattaway Marie , Baker Stephen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with the H58 lineage, a lineage that arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated. To better understand when and how H58 emerged and became dominant, we performed detailed phylogenetic analyses on contemporary genome sequences from S. Typhi isolated in the period spanning the emergence. Our dataset, which contains the earliest described H58 S. Typhi organism, indicates that ancestral H58 organisms were already multi-drug resistant (MDR). These organisms emerged spontaneously in India in 1987 and became radially distributed throughout South Asia and then globally in the ensuing years. These early organisms were associated with a single long branch, possessing mutations associated with increased bile tolerance, suggesting that the first H58 organism was generated during chronic carriage. The subsequent use of fluoroquinolones led to several independent mutations in gyrA. The ability of H58 to acquire and maintain AMR genes continues to pose a threat, as extensively drug-resistant (XDR; MDR plus resistance to ciprofloxacin and third generation cephalosporins) variants, have emerged recently in this lineage. Understanding where and how H58 S. Typhi originated and became successful is key to understand how AMR drives successful lineages of bacterial pathogens. Additionally, these data can inform optimal targeting of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) for reducing the potential for emergence and the impact of new drug-resistant variants. Emphasis should also be placed upon the prospective identification and treatment of chronic carriers to prevent the emergence of new drug resistant variants with the ability to spread efficiently.
Single-cell transcriptional profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma reveals a tumor-associated endothelial tip cell phenotype
Authors: Zvirblyte Justina , Nainys Juozas , Juzenas Simonas , Goda Karolis , Kubiliute Raimonda , Dasevicius Darius , Kincius Marius , Ulys Albertas , Jarmalaite Sonata , Mazutis Linas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent form of renal cancer, accounting for over 75% of cases. The asymptomatic nature of the disease contributes to late-stage diagnoses and poor survival. Highly vascularized and immune infiltrated microenvironment are prominent features of ccRCC, yet the interplay between vasculature and immune cells, disease progression and response to therapy remains poorly understood. Using droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing we profile 50,236 transcriptomes from paired tumor and healthy adjacent kidney tissues. Our analysis reveals significant heterogeneity and inter-patient variability of the tumor microenvironment. Notably, we discover a previously uncharacterized vasculature subpopulation associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The cell-cell communication analysis reveals multiple modes of immunosuppressive interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including clinically relevant interactions between tumor vasculature and stromal cells with immune cells. The upregulation of the genes involved in these interactions is associated with worse survival in the TCGA KIRC cohort. Our findings demonstrate the role of tumor vasculature and stromal cell populations in shaping the ccRCC microenvironment and uncover a subpopulation of cells within the tumor vasculature that is associated with an angiogenic phenotype.
Resonance theory of vibrational strong coupling enhanced polariton chemistry and the role of photonic mode lifetime
Authors: Ying Wenxiang , Huo Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent experiments demonstrate polaritons under the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) regime can modify chemical reactivity. Here, we present a complete theory of VSC-modified rate constants when coupling a single molecule to an optical cavity, where the role of photonic mode lifetime is understood. The analytic expression exhibits a sharp resonance behavior, where the maximum rate constant is reached when the cavity frequency matches the vibration frequency. The theory explains why VSC rate constant modification closely resembles the optical spectra of the vibration outside the cavity. Further, we discussed the temperature dependence of the VSC-modified rate constants. The analytic theory agrees well with the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) simulations for all explored regimes. Finally, we discussed the resonance condition at the normal incidence when considering in-plane momentum inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity.
How tailored climate information affects attitudes towards climate policy and psychological distance of climate change
Authors: Hulkkonen Mira , Mielonen Tero , Leppänen Saara , Laakso Anton , Kokkola Harri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow does personally tailored climate impact information affect attitudes towards climate policy paths? We developed an online tool to depict the outcomes of downscaled climate models and a personalised vulnerability estimate. A survey representing Finnish public was conducted to find out the attitudes towards climate policies and psychological distance of climate change among different demographic groups before and after using the tool. We found that tailored information increases knowledge on climate impacts, but the effect on policy attitudes depends on demographic attributes (especially age and income) and related personal vulnerability. After using the tool, the respondents’ confidence in their knowledge increased and the potential of climate policies to alleviate changes in the environment was perceived as higher. Most respondents perceived climate impacts as spatially proximal, while temporally and socially there was more variation. For those with low vulnerability levels, climate impacts appeared as more distant after obtaining tailored information.
Spintronics meets orbitronics: Emergence of orbital angular momentum in solids
Authors: Jo Daegeun , Go Dongwook , Choi Gyung-Min , Lee Hyun-Woo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the ultimate goals of spintronics is to realize an efficient electrical manipulation of spin for high-speed and low-power nanodevices. A core ingredient for achieving this goal is the relativistic interaction between the electron’s orbital motion and spin, but the properties of the orbital angular momentum itself have remained largely unexplored. However, recent theories and experiments have uncovered that electrons may acquire nonvanishing orbital angular momentum when an external electric field is applied, even without the spin–orbit coupling. These findings have spurred the emergence of a burgeoning field known as orbitronics, which harnesses the orbital angular momentum to manipulate magnetic devices. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent developments in orbitronics and discuss their implications for spintronics. We then outline future avenues of research at the intersection of spintronics and orbitronics.
Malate dehydrogenase in parasitic protozoans: roles in metabolism and potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Springer Amy L. , Agrawal Swati , Chang Eric P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The role of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in the metabolism of various medically significant protozoan parasites is reviewed. MDH is an NADH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes interconversion between oxaloacetate and malate, provides metabolic intermediates for both catabolic and anabolic pathways, and can contribute to NAD+/NADH balance in multiple cellular compartments. MDH is present in nearly all organisms; isoforms of MDH from apicomplexans (Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp.), trypanosomatids (Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi) and anaerobic protozoans (Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia duodenalis) are presented here. Many parasitic species have complex life cycles and depend on the environment of their hosts for carbon sources and other nutrients. Metabolic plasticity is crucial to parasite transition between host environments; thus, the regulation of metabolic processes is an important area to explore for therapeutic intervention. Common themes in protozoan parasite metabolism include emphasis on glycolytic catabolism, substrate-level phosphorylation, non-traditional uses of common pathways like tricarboxylic acid cycle and adapted or reduced mitochondria-like organelles. We describe the roles of MDH isoforms in these pathways, discuss unusual structural or functional features of these isoforms relevant to activity or drug targeting, and review current studies exploring the therapeutic potential of MDH and related genes. These studies show that MDH activity has important roles in many metabolic pathways, and thus in the metabolic transitions of protozoan parasites needed for success as pathogens.
Ce que la morphologie des adjectifs météorologiques en -eux nous apprend des phénomènes atmosphériques naturels
Authors: Dal Georgette , Meulleman Machteld , Paykin Katia , Tribout Delphine 
Published: June 2024

Si les phénomènes météorologiques ont été bien explorés dans les domaines verbal et nominal, la présente étude est, à notre connaissance, la première qui aborde ces phénomènes dans le domaine adjectival sous l’angle constructionnel, en particulier en s’attachant à la formation d’adjectifs dénominaux en -eux dérivés des noms de météores. À ce titre, elle demeure exploratoire, et reste à affiner.
Le premier résultat que fait apparaitre cette étude est que la suffxation en -eux peut activer les lectures ‘évènement’, ‘susbtance’ et ‘état’ des bases auxquelles elle s’applique. Le deuxième résultat qui se dégage est que nos adjectifs satisfont globalement les caractéristiques mises au jour par Fradin (2007) et Fradin & Yannick Mathieu (2013) à propos de la suffixation par -eux en général modulo la mise en évidence d’une dimension supplémentaire ‘son’.
Cependant, et c’est le troisième résultat qui nous semble intéressant, ils présentent une caractéristique inédite, qu’ils héritent de leur base nominale : celle de pouvoir être utilisés sans nom recteur. Notre étude a par conséquent montré que la particularité du domaine météorologique se maintient dans le domaine adjectival et provient, au moins en partie, de la particularité des noms de météores qui relèvent tous, dans des proportions variables, de trois catégories traditionnellement distinctes, à savoir les noms d’évènements, de substances et d’états.
Öffentliche Wahrnehmung von Palliativversorgung vor, während und nach der COVID-19-Pandemie – eine empirische Untersuchung von Online-Diskursen
Authors: Peters Joachim , Rabenstein Ulrich , Heckel Maria , Breindl Eva , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Studie wurde auf Basis von Sprachdaten aus dem Internetdiskurs untersucht, wie sich die COVID-19-Pandemie auf die öffentliche Wahrnehmung von Palliativversorgung auswirkte.Es wurde ein Korpus deutschsprachiger Webtexte und Tweets zum Thema Palliativversorgung (D/A/CH, 1.2.2020–1.2.2023) mit einer Stichprobe von Webseiten und Tweets vor der Pandemie (1.2.2017–30.1.2020) abgeglichen und eine empirische Analyse des Diskurses über Palliativversorgung durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 23.219 Texte und 8277 Tweets untersucht.Die Daten zeigen, dass Palliativsituationen seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie statistisch stärker mit negativen Emotionswörtern verknüpft sind. Gleichzeitig traten Fehlvorstellungen in Bezug auf die Zielsetzungen von Palliativversorgung häufiger auf, neue Fehlvorstellungen kamen hinzu. Dagegen konnten keine negativeren Emotionen in Bezug auf palliative Versorgungsangebote und ihr Personal beobachtet werden.Während die COVID-19-Pandemie keinen negativen Einfluss auf das öffentliche Ansehen von Palliativversorgung als Institution hatte, werden palliative Versorgungssituationen stärker als vor der Pandemie mit negativen Emotionen verknüpft. Zudem besteht eine Gefahr in der Verbreitung von Fehlvorstellungen in Bezug auf die Ziele von Palliativversorgung.
The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Form of the Epilepsy Disclosure Scale—Youth and Parent Versions
Authors: Solak Semen , Kahraman Ayşe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough explaining epilepsy is a separate source of stress for children with epilepsy and their parents, studies evaluating the disclosure of epilepsy by patients and their parents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the “Epilepsy Disclosure Scale (EDS)—Youth and Parent Versions,” which measures the concealment/disclosure of epilepsy by youth patients with epilepsy and their parents. The population of the study consisted of 126 children who were diagnosed with epilepsy and who were between the ages of 8 to 18 and their parents (63 children and 63 parents) who applied to two hospitals pediatric neurology. Both scales consist of six items. When the scale was adapted, language, content, structural, and reliability analyses were conducted. The factor loads varied between 0.78 and 0.88 and contributed 71.99% to the total variance in the Youth Version. In the Parent Version, they varied between 0.79 and 0.88 and contributed 67.09% to the total variance. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the youth and parent versions of the scale were calculated as 0.92 in the youth version and 0.90 in the parent version. The Composite Reliability Index of the youth version was 0.94, and that of the parent version was 0.92. It was concluded that all statistical studies in the study were compatible with the original scale and that it could be applied to children with epilepsy between the ages of 8 to 18 and their parents in Turkish society.
The Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Outcomes of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia among Pediatric Inpatients, Northeastern Iran
Authors: Hosseinikargar Neginsadat , Zarrinfar Hossein , Seyedi Seyed Javad , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, is one of the opportunistic fungal infections that can cause life-threatening pneumonia in children with underlying diseases. Due to the similarity of the symptoms of PJP with other lung infections, such as tuberculosis, differential and accurate diagnosis is necessary. The current study investigated the molecular diagnosis of P. jirovecii, predisposing factors and the outcomes, among pediatric inpatients in Northeastern Iran.
Methods In this study, 180 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were obtained from hospitalized children with respiratory disorders. The specimens were examined using Giemsa stain, and the genomic DNA was extracted according to the protocol of the AmpliSens kit. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect P. jirovecii by the AmpliSens Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)-FRT PCR kit.
Results Among the patients studied, 34 (18.9%) were positive and 8 (4.4%) were suspicious of the presence of P. jirovecii. Among the 34 positive cases, 12 (35%) were diagnosed before, and 22 (65%) during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Only two cases (5.88%) among the positive ones detected by the real-time PCR method were observed using Giemsa staining. Also, no correlation was observed between positive cases of infection and the sex, the outcomes, and underlying diseases.
Conclusion The results showed that PJP has a relatively high prevalence among pediatric inpatients with respiratory disorders. Neutropenia is a significant predisposing factor in these patients. However, there is no correlation between PJP cases and outcomes and underlying diseases. Most of the patients with PJP were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, probably due to treatment with corticosteroids.
Orthodox Islamic institutions and individual income: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Disli Mustafa , Hamza Sahibzada Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReligiosity and income have a multifaceted, complex relationship. Theories have different courses by which religion defines income, positively or negatively. However, religion and income can be influenced by many factors and vary between cultures and religious factions. This study aims to contribute to developing that understanding by focusing on Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country. In this regard, we examine the impact of affiliation with orthodox Islamic institutions on an individual’s income. This study utilizes data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey (PSLM) conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, spanning three time cohorts (2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020) with sample sizes of 76,546, 78,635, and 195,000 households, respectively. we find that individual income varies significantly positively based on religiosity. Similarly, minority and minority interaction with religiosity significantly positively impact lone income in the studied context. These findings emphasize the need for nuanced understanding and consideration of cultural and religious factors when exploring the dynamics between religiosity and economic outcomes.
Evaluation of the influence of coupling beam modeling of railway bridges on structural accelerations during high-speed traffic
Authors: Bettinelli L , Stollwitzer A , Fink J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The discrepancy between vibrations measured on railway bridge structures and those predicted by calculations reveals the insufficient modeling depth of simple calculation models. Simple models often omit beneficial influences in favor of computationally efficient and easy-to-handle methods with few required input parameters. More realistic results can be obtained by considering, for example, interaction dynamics between the train masses, superstructure, and supporting structure. With this, precise knowledge of the coupling properties of the interacting elements is central as they significantly influence the calculated vibrations. This contribution focuses on the influence of modeling the bridge structures as coupling beams, i.e., by considering them as two vertically coupled beams representing the track (rails and sleepers) and the supporting structure. Both beams are connected vertically by Kelvin-Voigt elements, whose stiffness and damping properties reflect those of the ballast superstructure. A computational parameter study is carried out with a Railjet over a wide range of realistic combinations of single-span girder bridge characteristics. The calculated accelerations are subsequently compared with those of a reference simple beam model. Evaluating the results enables identifying the structural properties for which applying coupling beam models has a particularly significant influence on the maximum accelerations and quantifying that influence. Additionally, vehicle-bridge interaction effects are considered by applying additional damping. The analyses demonstrate the potential for obtaining lower acceleration results by considering the load-distributing impact of the ballast superstructure in coupling beam models. These findings open up the possibility of formulating structure-dependent recommendations concerning the targeted application of more complex modeling of the structure (coupling beam model) on the one hand and train (multi-body model) on the other.
Comparative study of the influence of kinematic interaction on the seismic response of monopile and jacket supported offshore wind turbines
Authors: Romero-Sánchez Carlos , Padrón Luis A. , Álamo Guillermo M. , Medina Cristina , Aznárez Juan J. , Maeso Orlando 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the last few years, offshore wind energy has been increasing significantly, being the energetic potential of this technology much higher than that of other renewables energies. Most of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) installed in Europe are founded to the sea floor but, due to the increase in offshore wind turbine installations and the visual impact problem, new locations are being considered with greater depths and increasing seismic risk. In this field, jackets substructures are one of the most attractive options. Despite the low natural frequencies that characterise these systems, the effect of the kinematic interaction can be highly relevant in OWTs on monopiles. For this reason, the need arises to analyse the importance of the influence of kinematic interaction on the seismic responses of multi-supported substructures, such as jackets with deep foundations. This paper presents a comparison of the kinematic interaction effects on the seismic response of two types of substructures for OWTs. OpenFAST is used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of OWTs founded either on monopiles or through jacket substructures on deep foundations, taking soil-structure interaction into account. The comparative study shows that the influence of kinematic interaction in both cases is notably different. As expected, in the case of the monopile, the rotational motion has a strong effect on the accelerations and the internal forces in the structure, although the impact of the translational filtered signal is small. However, in the jacket, the influence of the rotational motion is less pronounced.
Vision-based dynamic monitoring of a steel footbridge
Authors: Buoli E. , Bassoli E. , Eslami Varzaneh G. , Ponsi F. , Vincenzi L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The increasing slenderness and lightness of modern footbridges make the vibration serviceability assessment a key aspect for their design and maintenance. A promising approach to the characterization of footbridge dynamic behaviour is represented by computer vision-based techniques. In contrast to traditional monitoring systems relied on dense sensor networks, computer vision-based monitoring requires the installation of one or more cameras together with, if necessary, some targets on the monitored structure. The article presents some preliminary results of the short-term dynamic monitoring of a steel footbridge based on computer vision techniques. The structural deflection caused by a jumping pedestrian was recorded from three cameras in different measurement positions. The post-processing of the video frames is presented and discussed in the article. Special attention is paid to the use of circular targets placed on the footbridge, which allowed for the identification of deflections with sub-pixel resolution. A traditional accelerometer based monitoring system is also installed on the footbridge for validation purposes. Displacements evaluated through a double integration of the measured accelerations are compared to those obtained from the image processing. Results demonstrate the high potential of computer vision-based systems for the monitoring of structures and infrastructures.