bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine versus everolimus: effects on the glomerulus
Authors: Baas Marije C. , Kers Jesper , Florquin Sandrine , de Fijter Johan W. , Homan van der Heide Jaap J. , van den Bergh Weerman Marius A. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , Bemelman Frederike J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been associated with proteinuria. We studied the development of proteinuria in renal transplant recipients (RTR) treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in comparison with a calcineurin inhibitor. We related the presence of proteinuria to histopathological glomerular findings in two‐yr protocol biopsies. In a single‐center study, nested in a multicenter randomized controlled trial, we determined eGFR, proteinuria, and renal biopsy data (light‐ and electron microscopy) of RTR receiving prednisolone/everolimus (P/EVL) (n = 16) in comparison with patients treated with prednisolone/cyclosporine A (P/CsA) (n = 7). All patients had been on the above‐described maintenance immunosuppression for 18 months. Renal function at two yr after transplantation did not differ between patients receiving P/EVL or P/CsA (eGFR 45.5 vs. 45.7 mL/min/1.73 m2). Proteinuria was slightly increased in P/EVL vs. P/CsA group (0.29 vs. 0.14 g/24 h, p = 0.06). There were no differences in light‐ or electron microscopic findings. We could not demonstrate increased podocyte effacement or changes in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness in P/EVL‐treated patients. In conclusion, long‐term treatment with everolimus leaves the GBM and podocytes unaffected.
Cortical speech sound differentiation in the neonatal intensive care unit predicts cognitive and language development in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Maitre Nathalie L , Lambert Warren E , Aschner Judy L , Key Alexandra P 
Published: June 2013

AimNeurodevelopmental delay in childhood is common in infants born preterm, but is difficult to predict before infants leave the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We hypothesized that event‐related potential (ERP) methodology characterizing the cortical differentiation of speech sounds in hospitalized infants would predict cognitive and language outcomes during early childhood.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 57 infants in NICU (34 male, gestational age at birth 24–40wks), quantifying the amplitude of ERP responses to speech sounds before discharge (median gestational age 37.1wks), followed by standardized neurodevelopmental assessments at 12 months and 24 months. Analyses were performed using ordinary least squares linear regression.ResultsOverall validity of constructs using all ERP variables, as well as sex, maternal education, gestational age, and age at ERP, was good and allowed significant prediction of cognitive and communication outcomes at 12 months and 24 months (R2=22–42%; p<0.05). Quantitative models incorporating specific ERPs, gestational age, and age at ERP explained a large proportion of the variance in cognition and receptive language on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months (R2>50%; p<0.05).InterpretationThis study establishes ERP methodology as a valuable research tool to quantitatively assess cortical function in the NICU and to predict meaningful outcomes in early childhood.
Urban Economic Governance, Business and Globalisation: Australasia's ‘Committee‐for‐[City]’ Phenomenon
Authors: Wetzstein Steffen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article explores the nexus between urban economic governance, business and globalisation in light of new empirical research about the emergence of ‘Committee‐for‐[City]’ entities in Australasia. It critically reviews key claims of the international literature on business‐mediated urban economic governance from both structural and post‐structural urban political economy, business mobilisation and globalisation perspectives in order to test these largely northern hemisphere‐centric theories against new research findings on business as emergent political and policy actor in Perth, Melbourne, Sydney and Auckland. On the basis of a conceptualisation that contemporary ‘at‐a‐distance’ urban economic interventions are essentially discursive public–private partnerships, the paper highlights the important role of business interests in the context of a co‐opting and partnering state. Although it is found that established notions such as ‘urban growth machines’ and ‘entrepreneurial governance’ are (still) relevant to explain the nature and work of these new business governance actors in Australasia, the influence of globalising processes and the constitutive nature of the institutional and socio‐economic context must be more thoroughly acknowledged. The hybrid nature of the governing objectives pursued and the multiplicity of political projects at work mean that governance and investment outcomes resulting from business‐mediated urban economic interventions cannot be assumed but must be traced and evaluated in careful empirical investigations.
Racing Economic Geography: The Place of Race in Economic Geography
Authors: Bonds Anne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I provide a critical overview of research in economic geography on race and racialization. I begin with a discussion about the connections between geography and processes of racialization. I then move into an examination of the kinds of engagements economic geographers are undertaking in research examining racial difference and the racialized implications of economic policy and practice. Drawing from the insights of feminist economic geographers as well as critical race scholars, I argue that while economic geographers have long engaged in research that illustrates racially uneven economic outcomes, race remains under‐examined in economic geography. I conclude with a call for increased scholarship on race in economic geography, suggesting that economic geographers draw from research that interrogates the foundational nature of race and relational racialization to interrogate the mutually constitutive nature of ‘race’ and ‘economy’.
Targeted delivery of siRNA against hepatitis B virus by preS1 peptide molecular ligand
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Li Xia , Yi Min , Zhu Sufen , Chen Weixian 
Published: June 2013

AimFor chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the effects of current therapies are limited. RNA interference of virus‐specific genes has emerged as a potential antiviral mechanism. However, a suitable delivery vector is still to be developed. We studied a novel vector transferring siRNA targeting hepatic cells in vivo and in vitro in order to find a new way to cure HBV‐related live diseases.MethodsThe preS1‐9Arg ligand was used to deliver siRNA to HepG2 and to HepG2 2.2.15 cells. To validate the antiviral efficacy in vivo, a HBV viremic animal model was established by s.c. inoculation of HepG2 2.2.15 tumor cells in nude mice. The minimal retardation effect on the migration of siRNA was detected by gel electrophoresis to confirm the combination and the optimal ratio. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels were detected by semiquantitatively enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay RNA levels were quantified with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and protein levels were determined with immunoblots and immunohistochemistry.ResultsPreS1‐9Arg peptide strongly combined and transferred siRNA into HepG2 cells. PreS1‐9Arg‐siRNA molecular conjugate effectively reduced the production of HBsAg and HBV DNA without liver toxicity in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionThe results indicated that preS1‐9Arg may be a potential novel vector to deliver siRNA targeting liver cells.
Effects of exercise and lifestyle modification on fitness, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content in obese children and adolescents
Authors: McCormack S. E. , McCarthy M. A. , Harrington S. G. , Farilla L. , Hrovat M. I. , Systrom D. M. , Thomas B. J. , Torriani M. , McInnis K. , Grinspoon S. K. , Fleischman A. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Obesity‐related insulin resistance is highly prevalent in children and adolescents, and contributes to an increased lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
Intensive exercise training may improve insulin sensitivity.
What this study adds
Three monitored exercise training sessions per week for 8 weeks can improve fitness‐related insulin sensitivity in obese, insulin resistant children.
Insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation may be dissociable in this population.
Improvements in fitness may be accompanied by a rise in intramyocellular lipid content and an associated increase in resting energy expenditure.
BackgroundObesity is associated with poor fitness and adverse metabolic consequences in children.ObjectiveTo investigate how exercise and lifestyle modification may improve fitness and insulin sensitivity in this population.Design and subjectsRandomized controlled trial, 21 obese (body mass index ≥ 95% percentile) subjects, ages 10 to 17 years.MethodsSubjects were given standardized healthful lifestyle advice for 8 weeks. In addition, they were randomized to an in‐home supervised exercise intervention (n = 10) or control group (n = 11).MeasurementsFasting laboratory studies (insulin, glucose, lipid profile) and assessments of fitness, body composition, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL), were performed at baseline and study completion.ResultsSubjects were 13.0 ± 1.9 (standard deviation) years old, 72% female and 44% non‐white. Exercise improved fitness (P = 0.03) and power (P = 0.01), and increased IMCL (P = 0.02). HOMA‐IR decreased among all subjects in response to lifestyle modification advice (P = 0.01), regardless of exercise training assignment. In univariate analysis in all subjects, change in cardiovascular fitness was associated with change in HOMA‐IR. In exploratory analyses, increased IMCL was associated with greater resting energy expenditure (r = 0.78, P = 0.005) and a decrease in fasting respiratory quotient (r = −0.70, P = 0.02) (n = 11).ConclusionsChange in fitness was found to be related to change in insulin resistance in response to lifestyle modification and exercise in obese children. IMCL increased with exercise in these obese children, which may reflect greater muscle lipid oxidative capacity.
Masked Hypertension Defined by Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Is Associated With Impaired Flow‐Mediated Vasodilatation in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Ogata Yukiyo , Eguchi Kazuo , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: June 2013

The relationships between home blood pressure (BP), masked hypertension defined by home BP, and integrated flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) response remain unclear. The authors enrolled 257 patients (mean age, 63.5 years; 51% men) who had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. FMD of the brachial artery was measured with a semiautomatic edge‐detection algorithm. The integrated FMD response was calculated as the area under the dilation curve during 120 seconds after deflation (FMD‐AUC120) and the FMD magnitude as the percentage change in peak diameter (ΔFMD). Masked hypertension was defined by office BP <140/90 mm Hg and home BP ≥135 mm Hg and/or 85 mm Hg. Home systolic BP was inversely correlated with FMD‐AUC120 and ΔFMD (FMD‐AUC120: r=−.23, P<.001; ΔFMD: r=−.13, P=.041), and office systolic BP was inversely associated with FMD‐AUC120 (r=−.16, P=.011), but not with ΔFMD. After adjusting for covariates, home systolic BP (β=−.27, P=.003), but not office BP, was inversely associated with FMD‐AUC120, whereas ΔFMD was not associated with office or home systolic BP. FMD‐AUC120 was significantly lower in patients with masked hypertension compared with those with normotension (7.7±6.7 vs 11.5±8.8 mm × s, P=.048). Home systolic BP and masked hypertension defined by home BP were associated with a decrease in FMD‐AUC120.
ATF2 knockdown reinforces oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis in TE7 cancer cells
Authors: Walluscheck Diana , Poehlmann Angela , Hartig Roland , Lendeckel Uwe , Schönfeld Peter , Hotz‐Wagenblatt Agnes , Reissig Kathrin , Bajbouj Khuloud , Roessner Albert , Schneider‐Stock Regine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCancer cells showing low apoptotic effects following oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage are mainly affected by growth arrest. Thus, recent studies focus on improving anti‐cancer therapies by increasing apoptosis sensitivity. We aimed at identifying a universal molecule as potential target to enhance oxidative stress‐based anti‐cancer therapy through a switch from cell cycle arrest to apoptosis. A cDNA microarray was performed with hydrogen peroxide‐treated oesophageal squamous epithelial cancer cells TE7. This cell line showed checkpoint activation via p21WAF1, but low apoptotic response following DNA damage. The potential target molecule was chosen depended on the following demands: it should regulate DNA damage response, cell cycle and apoptosis. As the transcription factor ATF2 is implicated in all these processes, we focused on this protein. We investigated checkpoint activation via ATF2. Indeed, ATF2 knockdown revealed ATF2‐triggered p21WAF1 protein expression, suggesting p21WAF1 transactivation through ATF2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we identified a hitherto unknown ATF2‐binding sequence in the p21WAF1 promoter. p‐ATF2 was found to interact with p‐c‐Jun, creating the AP‐1 complex. Moreover, ATF2 knockdown led to c‐Jun downregulation. This suggests ATF2‐driven induction of c‐Jun expression, thereby enhancing ATF2 transcriptional activity via c‐Jun‐ATF2 heterodimerization. Notably, downregulation of ATF2 caused a switch from cell cycle arrest to reinforced apoptosis, presumably via p21WAF1 downregulation, confirming the importance of ATF2 in the establishment of cell cycle arrest. 1‐Chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene also led to ATF2‐dependent G2/M arrest, suggesting that this is a general feature induced by oxidative stress. As ATF2 knockdown also increased apoptosis, we propose ATF2 as a target for combined oxidative stress‐based anti‐cancer therapies.
Optimal Revascularization Strategies for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Distal Anastomotic Lesions after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: BADR SALEM , KITABATA HIRONORI , DVIR DANNY , TORGUSON REBECCA , BARBASH ISRAEL M. , LOH JOSHUA P. , PICHARD AUGUSTO D. , WAKSMAN RON 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the best revascularization strategy when treating distal anastomotic lesions.BackgroundDistal anastomotic lesions are the most common reason for venous graft failure especially early after bypass surgery. However, the best percutaneous method for treating these lesions is still controversial.MethodsAll patients from 2/2000 to 1/2011 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention of bypass graft distal anastomotic lesions were retrospectively enrolled. Among the 139 patients included, 26 (18.7%) were treated with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), 68 (48.9%) with bare metal stents (BMS), and 45 (32.4%) with drug‐eluting stents (DES).ResultsBaseline characteristics were generally comparable among the 3 groups. At 6 months' follow‐up, the highest rate of target lesion revascularization–major adverse cardiac events (TLR‐MACE) was seen in the BMS group compared to the DES and POBA groups (16.2 vs. 2.2 vs. 3.8%, respectively, P = 0.03), which was driven mainly by the highest rates of death and TLR in the BMS group (11.8 and 4.7%, respectively). At 1‐year follow‐up, a higher rate of TLR‐MACE was seen in the BMS group compared to the DES and POBA groups (20.6 vs. 11.1 vs. 7.7%, respectively, P = 0.19). After adjustment, on Cox regression analysis for hazard ratios, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups at 1‐year follow‐up of TLR‐MACE.ConclusionsWhen selecting the treatment modality for saphenous vein graft distal anastomotic lesions, BMS implantation should be discouraged while POBA and DES implantation can be performed with favorable long‐term outcomes. The optimal treatment approach should be evaluated in large, randomized clinical trials.
Narcissism and Discrepancy Between Self and Friends' Perceptions of Personality
Authors: Park Sun W. , Colvin C. Randall 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMost research on narcissism and person perception has used strangers as perceivers. However, research has demonstrated that strangers' ratings are influenced by narcissists' stylish appearance (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010). In the present study, we recruited participants and their close friends, individuals whose close relationship should immunize them to participants' superficial appearance cues. We investigated the relation between narcissism and personality ratings by self and friends. Participants (N = 66; 38 women; Mage = 20.83 years) completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988) and described their personality on the 100‐item California Adult Q‐Sort (CAQ; Block, 2008). Participants' personality was also described on the CAQ by close friends. The “optimally adjusted individual” prototype was used to summarize participant and friend personality ratings (Block, 2008). Participants with high narcissism scores were ascribed higher optimal adjustment by self than by friends. Narcissistic individuals' self‐ratings were extremely positive and more favorable than friends' ratings of them.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests paraphyly and early diversification of Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae) in western North America: New insights into affinity with Carpenteria
Authors: Guo Yue‐Long , Pais Andrew , Weakley Alan S. , Xiang Qiu‐Yun (Jenny) 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhiladelphus (Hydrangeaceae) comprises 60 or fewer species distributed disjunctly in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America to Central America, and southeastern Europe and western Asia. The genus is highly valued in horticulture, but poorly understood regarding taxonomy, species relationships, and biogeographic history. The present study was the first phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Philadelphus using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers to evaluate classification schemes and to elucidate the biogeographic origin. Our results suggest that Philadelphus is a paraphyletic group with the monotypic genus Carpenteria nested within. Three major lineages were identified in the Philadelphus–Carpenteria clade, each strongly supported by the molecular data. Biogeographic analysis using the Bayes‐DIVA method (implemented in the newly developed RASP) and divergence time dating with BEAST resolved the origin and early diversification of Philadelphus s.l. (including Carpenteria) in western North America (including Mexico) in the Eocene. The lineage diversified and subsequently spread into Asia and other areas in the late Tertiary or Neogene to obtain a worldwide distribution. The study adds an additional example of an “out of western North America” migration in the phylogeographic history of the northern hemisphere.
Short‐term temporal variation in gelatinous zooplankton populations over 48 hours in a coral reef at Redang Island, Malaysia
Authors: Nakajima Ryota , Lindsay Dhugal J. , Yoshida Teruaki , Othman Bin Haji Ross , Toda Tatsuki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton abundance and species composition were investigated at 3‐h intervals for a 48‐h period at a fringing reef in Malaysia. A total of 20 gelatinous zooplankton species were observed; the community was dominated by the calycophoran siphonophore Diphyes chamissonis (79.9%), followed by the trachymedusdae Aglaura hemistoma (5.6%) and Liriope tetraphylla (4.8%). The gelatinous zooplankton were not collected in the water column during most of the daytime hours (1200, 1500 and 1800 h) but were common during the night. However, an abrupt peak in abundance was found at 0900 h on the second day. The times of appearance at night were different depending on the species, and the number of species was also different depending on the hour of sampling. Sampling at 3‐h intervals over a 48‐h period revealed that the temporal variation (or sampling availability) was large in this study. Careful consideration should be given to the sampling variability in handling the gelatinous zooplankton samples in coral reef areas.
Influence of the YORP effect on rotation rates of near‐Earth asteroids
Authors: Lupishko Dmitrij , Tielieusova Iryna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe distribution of near‐Earth asteroid (NEA) rotation rates differs considerably from the similar distribution of Main Belt asteroids (MBAs) by the presence of excesses of fast and slow rotators, which are not observed or not so prominent in the distribution for MBAs. Among possible reasons for the difference, there can be influence of solar radiation on spin rate of small NEAs, the so‐called “YORP effect,” which appears due to reflection, absorption, and IR re‐emission of the sunlight by an irregularly shaped rotating asteroid. It is known that the YORP‐effect action strongly depends on the amount of solar energy obtained by the body (insolation), its size, and albedo. The analysis of observation data has shown that: (1) the mean diameter of NEAs decreases from the middle of the distribution to its ends, that is, the excesses of slow rotators (ω ≤ 2 rev day−1) and fast rotators (ω ≥ 8 rev day−1) are composed of smaller NEAs than in the middle of the distribution; (2) NEAs of both excesses are in the orbits where their insolation is about 8–10% larger than that of NEAs in the middle of the distribution; and (3) the objects in both excesses have a little lower albedo on average than that of objects in the middle of the distribution. All these results qualitatively agree well with the YORP‐effect action and may be considered as independent arguments in favor of it.
Intimate partner violence and infant feeding practices in India: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zureick‐Brown Sarah , Lavilla Kayla , Yount Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is widespread; yet research is thin and equivocal regarding its potential adverse effects on infant feeding practices. With a national sample of 3552 mothers and infants aged 180 days or younger from the 2005–2006 National Family Health Survey for India, we used logistic regression to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted associations of maternal reported lifetime exposure to any IPV and to physical or sexual IPV with feeding practices at birth and in the prior 24 h. Compared with their unexposed counterparts, mothers exposed to any IPV and to any physical or sexual IPV had higher adjusted odds of giving their infant liquids [aOR 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.66; aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08–1.75, respectively], and thus lower adjusted odds of exclusively breastfeeding their infant in the prior 24 h (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98; aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95). Mothers exposed to physical or sexual IPV also had higher adjusted odds of feeding their infant solids in the prior 24 h (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.23). Exposure to IPV was not significantly associated with breastfeeding immediately after birth or with bottle feeding in the prior 24 h. Perinatal screening for IPV, and addressing IPV and feeding practices in exposed mothers, may improve maternal health and infant nutrition in similar settings.