bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and inherent B0 correction for DTI using stimulated echo spiral imaging
Authors: Avram Alexandru V. , Guidon Arnaud , Truong Trong‐Kha , Liu Chunlei , Song Allen W. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo present a novel technique for high‐resolution stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging with self‐navigated interleaved spirals readout trajectories that can inherently and dynamically correct for image artifacts due to spatial and temporal variations in the static magnetic field (B0) resulting from eddy currents, tissue susceptibilities, subject/physiological motion, and hardware instabilities.MethodsThe Hahn spin echo formed by the first two 90° radiofrequency pulses is balanced to consecutively acquire two additional images with different echo times and generate an inherent field map, while the diffusion‐prepared stimulated echo signal remains unaffected. For every diffusion‐encoding direction, an intrinsically registered field map is estimated dynamically and used to effectively and inherently correct for off‐resonance artifacts in the reconstruction of the corresponding diffusion‐weighted image.ResultsAfter correction with the dynamically acquired field maps, local blurring artifacts are specifically removed from individual stimulated echo diffusion‐weighted images and the estimated diffusion tensors have significantly improved spatial accuracy and larger fractional anisotropy.ConclusionCombined with the self‐navigated interleaved spirals acquisition scheme, our new method provides an integrated high‐resolution short‐echo time diffusion tensor imaging solution with inherent and dynamic correction for both motion‐induced phase errors and off‐resonance effects. Magn Reson Med 71:1044–1053, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Voluntary rate of torque development is impaired after a voluntary versus tetanic conditioning contraction
Authors: Smith Cameron B. , Allen Matti D. , Rice Charles L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Both voluntary and evoked conditioning contractions will potentiate muscle twitch contractile properties. The response of a voluntary contraction to each condition type is not well understood but it may be a more functional model than evoked twitch potentiation. Methods: Baseline measurements from tibialis anterior included: maximal isometric twitch torque and rate of torque development (RTD); maximal evoked 50‐Hz torque; and maximal voluntary ballistic RTD. Potentiation was induced by a 10‐s voluntary or tetanic contraction (∽78% MVC), followed by 2 twitches and 2 ballistic contractions. Results: Twitch properties (torque and RTD) were potentiated equally after each conditioning contraction. Ballistic RTD was greater post‐tetanus (390.2 ± 59.3 Nm/s) than post‐voluntary (356.4 ± 69.1 Nm/s), but both were reduced from baseline (422.0 ± 88.9 Nm/s). Conclusions: Twitch potentiation was similar between conditioning contraction types, but ballistic RTD was lower after post‐tetanus than post‐voluntary. The results indicate central inhibition or fatigue concurrent with peripheral potentiation. Muscle Nerve 49: 218–224, 2014
Impact of chorionicity on first‐trimester nuchal translucency screening in ART twin pregnancies
Authors: Flöck A. , Reinsberg J. , Berg C. , Gembruch U. , Geipel A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveNuchal translucency (NT) measurement in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) twins is less extensively investigated. Therefore, the present study compared NT measurements of spontaneously conceived twins with ART twins in dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic (MC) pregnancies.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 706 unaffected twins between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks conceived either spontaneously (n = 362) or with ART (n = 344). The group with spontaneous conception included 234 DC (64.6%) and 128 MC (35.4%) pregnancies. In the ART group, 326 were DC (94.7%) and 18 were MC (5.3%). NT values were transformed into multiples of median (MoM).ResultsIn the DC group, no significant differences between ART and spontaneously conceived twins (NT MoM 1.06 ± 0.28 vs 1.03 ± 0.29; p > 0.05) were observed. NT MoM of MC ART twins was higher compared with spontaneous MC twins (1.23 ± 0.82 vs 0.99 ± 0.27; p = 0.011). Although the incidence of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) was higher among ART twins (11.1% vs 4.7%), inter‐twin NT difference was similar between pregnancies with TTTS (0.42 ± 0.21) or without (0.40 ± 0.71).ConclusionsMeasurement of NT thickness in DC ART twins achieves comparable results with twins conceived spontaneously. Conclusions in MC twins are limited; however, higher NT MoM was not related to TTTS or selective intrauterine growth restriction. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of electronic properties of π‐conjugated copolymers derived from naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene donor unit: A structure‐property relationship study
Authors: Dutta Pranabesh , Park Hanok , Oh Minjae , Bagde Sushil , Kang In Nam , Lee Soo‐Hyoung 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA set of three donor‐acceptor conjugated (D‐A) copolymers were designed and synthesized via Stille cross‐coupling reactions with the aim of modulating the optical and electronic properties of a newly emerged naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene donor unit for polymer solar cell (PSCs) applications. The PTNDTT‐BT, PTNDTT‐BTz, and PTNDTT‐DPP polymers incorporated naphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (NDT) as the donor and 2,2′‐bithiazole (BTz), benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT), and pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DPP), as the acceptor units. A number of experimental techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy were used to determine the thermal, optical, electrochemical, and morphological properties of the copolymers. By introducing acceptors of varying electron withdrawing strengths, the optical band gaps of these copolymers were effectively tuned between 1.58 and 1.9 eV and their HOMO and LUMO energy levels were varied between −5.14 to −5.26 eV and −3.13 to −3.5 eV, respectively. The spin‐coated polymer thin film exhibited p‐channel field‐effect transistor properties with hole mobilities of 2.73 × 10−3 to 7.9 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. Initial bulk‐heterojunction PSCs fabricated using the copolymers as electron donor materials and [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor resulted in power conversion efficiencies in the range of 0.67–1.67%. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2948–2958
Polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐Pentadiene and (E)‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene with neodymium catalysts: Examination of the factors that affect the stereoselectivity
Authors: Leone Giuseppe , Caterina Boccia Antonella , Ricci Giovanni , Giarrusso Antonino , Porri Lido 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT(E)‐1,3‐Pentadiene (EP) and (E)‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene (2MP) were polymerized to cis‐1,4 polymers with homogeneous and heterogeneous neodymium catalysts to examine the influence of the physical state of the catalyst on the polymerization stereoselectivity. Data on the polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐hexadiene (EH) are also reported. EP and EH gave cis‐1,4 isotactic polymers both with the homogeneous and with the heterogeneous system, whereas 2MP gave an isotactic cis‐1,4 polymer with the heterogeneous catalyst and a syndiotactic cis‐1,4 polymer, never reported earlier, with the homogeneous one. For comparison, the results obtained with the soluble CpTiCl3‐based catalyst (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), which gives cis‐1,4 isotactic poly(2MP), are examined. A tentative interpretation is given for the mechanism of the formation of the stereoregular polymers obtained and a complete NMR characterization of the cis‐1,4‐syndiotactic poly(2MP) is reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3227–3232
Liquid Droplet excitation of freestanding poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide films for mechanical energy harvesting
Authors: Valentini Luca , Bon Silvia Bittolo , Kenny Josè 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA simple and solvent‐free practical way to obtain freestanding poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide films is reported. Falling liquid droplets are used to produce an impulse necessary for the mechanical excitation of such composite films. A pressure wave is generated on the surface of the films by the impact. It is reported how such films are able to convert mechanical energy of the impact to electrical power. The reported example is of interest to enhance the mechanical energy harvesting and to add new functionalities to traditional polymer nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1028–1032
The influence of dispositional optimism on post‐visit anxiety and risk perception accuracy among breast cancer genetic counselees
Authors: Wiering B. M. , Albada A. , Bensing J. M. , Ausems M. G. E. M. , van Dulmen A. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveMuch is unknown about the influence of dispositional optimism and affective communication on genetic counselling outcomes. This study investigated the influence of counselees' optimism on the counselees' risk perception accuracy and anxiety, while taking into account the affective communication during the first consultation for breast cancer genetic counselling.MethodsCounselees completed questionnaires measuring optimism, anxiety and the perceived risk that hereditary breast cancer runs in the family before, and anxiety and perceived risk after the first consultation. Consultations were videotaped. The duration of eye contact was measured, and verbal communication was rated using the Roter Interaction Analysis System.ResultsLess‐optimistic counselees were more anxious post‐visit (β = −.29; p = .00). Counsellors uttered fewer reassuring statements if counselees were more anxious (β = −.84; p = .00) but uttered more reassurance if counselees were less optimistic (β = −.76; p = .01). Counsellors expressed less empathy if counselees perceived their risk as high (β = −1.51; p = .04). An increase in the expression of reassurance was related to less post‐visit anxiety (β = −.35; p = .03). More empathy was related to a greater overestimation of risk (β = .92; p = .01).ConclusionsIdentification of a lack of optimism as a risk factor for high anxiety levels enables the adaptation of affective communication to improve genetic counselling outcomes. Because reassurance was related to less anxiety, beneficial adaptation is attainable by increasing counsellors' reassurance, if possible. Because of a lack of optimally adapted communication in this study, further research is needed to clarify how to increase counsellors' ability to adapt to counselees. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of deltarhodopsin‐3 from Haloterrigena thermotolerans
Authors: Zhang Jin , Mizuno Katsuhide , Murata Yuki , Koide Hideaki , Murakami Midori , Ihara Kunio , Kouyama Tsutomu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDeltarhodopsin, a new member of the microbial rhodopsin family, functions as a light‐driven proton pump. Here, we report the three‐dimensional structure of deltarhodopsin (dR3) from Haloterrigena thermotolerans at 2.7 Å resolution. A crystal belonging to space group R32 (a, b = 111.71 Å, c = 198.25 Å) was obtained by the membrane fusion method. In this crystal, dR3 forms a trimeric structure as observed for bacteriorhodopsin (bR). Structural comparison of dR with bR showed that the inner part (the proton release and uptake pathways) is highly conserved. Meanwhile, residues in the protein–protein contact region are largely altered so that the diameter of the trimeric structure at the cytoplasmic side is noticeably larger in dR3. Unlike bR, dR3 possesses a helical segment at the C‐terminal region that fills the space between the AB and EF loops. A significant difference is also seen in the FG loop, which is one residue longer in dR3. Another peculiar property of dR3 is a highly crowded distribution of positively charged residues on the cytoplasmic surface, which may be relevant to a specific interaction with some cytoplasmic component.Proteins 2013; © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual and Geographic Factors in the Formation of Care Networks in the UK
Authors: Bell David , Rutherford Alasdair 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that geography plays a crucial role in the formation of care networks. The role of informal carers will become increasingly important as the population ages and a better understanding of the drivers and outcome of these locational decisions is important. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey to explore the characteristics of common forms of care network; to investigate the factors that may influence the type of care network formed when a need for care is identified and to examine the role of space in the formation of care networks. Our results show the importance of both individual and geographic factors in network formation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology of fungal stains on paper characterized with multi‐scale and multi‐sensory surface metrology
Authors: Szcepanowska Hanna , Mathia Thomas G. , Belin Patrice 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPigmentation of paper induced by fungi is one of the most complex phenomenons because it involves living organisms growing on a heterogeneous paper substrate. A novel approach to the study of interfaces of fungi and paper in black stains produced by pigmented Dematiaceous fungi with meristematic growth was undertaken applying surface metrology techniques: confocal laser SCANNING 36:76–85, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceived Unfairness at Work, Social and Personal Resources, and Resting Blood Pressure
Authors: Ford Michael T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBy drawing from theoretical perspectives suggesting that unfair conditions threaten fundamental psychological needs, perceived unfairness at work was proposed and tested as a predictor of resting blood pressure. As part of the Midlife Development in the United States Biomarkers project, participants completed questionnaires measuring perceived unfairness, self‐esteem and coworker support. Resting blood pressure readings were also recorded as part of a larger physical examination. Results indicate that perceived unfairness at work was associated with higher resting diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Perceived unfairness was most strongly related to diastolic and systolic blood pressure among women with low levels of coworker support. Contrary to predictions, self‐esteem did not moderate the association between perceived unfairness and blood pressure. These results suggest that high blood pressure may be a mechanism linking unfairness to negative health outcomes and point to coworker support as a moderator of the perceived unfairness–blood pressure relationship among women. Further research is needed exploring the mediating mechanisms linking unfair treatment at work to blood pressure and health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrics for quantifying evolutionary changes in Z specifications
Authors: Bollin Andreas 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThis article proposes metrics for quantifying changes throughout the evolution of formal software specifications in long living systems. Formal specifications play an important role in the software development life‐cycle by supporting refinement and proof and by providing a basis for comprehension and maintenance activities. However, specifications also undergo evolutionary changes, and these changes are hard to assess because of a lack of suitable measures.This paper proposes and analyzes a set of measures for estimating aspects of a specification's complexity and quality. The measures are based on existing measures for source code, but they have been redefined in the scope of formal Z specifications. Geared towards Z, they are then evaluated concerning their expressiveness by a case study that comprises more than 65,000 lines of specification text. Finally, the usability of the measures is demonstrated on the Z specification of the Web Service Definition Language during its evolution over a period of about 3 years. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for the structural dynamic response of the CX‐100 wind turbine blade
Authors: Fleming Ian , Luscher D.J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA geometrically exact beam model for simulating the structural dynamic response of the CX‐100 wind turbine blade is presented. The underlying geometrically nonlinear theory is detailed, and its implementation into a finite‐element code, NLBeam, developed as part of this research is outlined. The parameters used to represent the varying cross‐sectional distributions of stiffness and mass are calculated consistent with the geometrically exact beam theory by using the variational asymptotic method, as developed by Hodges and Yu et al. through the commercially available code, (VABS) variational asymptotic beam sectional analysis. Code and calculation verification are documented through a systematic grid convergence study applied independently to both the cross‐sectional, and static and dynamic beam simulations. An initial assessment of the model is made by comparing simulation results with experimental test data for three cases: quasistatic loading, linearized modal dynamic behavior and steady‐state oscillating dynamic loads. Simulation results are shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Future improvements to the model, as well as additional experimental characterization that can benefit such modeling efforts, are outlined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased heart rate caused by atrial pacing with the closed‐loop stimulation function prevented micturition syncope
Authors: Haraki Tatsuo , Hirase Hiroaki , Kitazaki Kentaro , Ishikawa Norio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 70‐year‐old man had been experiencing syncope several times a year. We implanted a DDD pacemaker with closed‐loop stimulation (CLS) function. When he urinated early in the morning, his increased atrial pacing rates elevated his heart rate (HR) during and after micturition. After implantation of the DDD‐CLS mode, he did not experience symptoms. In contrast, in the DDD‐R mode, his intrinsic HR changed to atrial pacing after micturition but decreased to the basal rate within 2 min, and he experienced a sense of cold perspiration and presyncope. Increased HRs caused by atrial pacing with the CLS function were useful in the prevention of micturition syncope.
Körperliche Beanspruchung und physische Belastungen bei der Arbeit – ein abnehmendes Public Health-Problem?
Authors: Latza Ute , Liebers Falk , Franke Franziska 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Physische Arbeitsbelastungen (z.B. Lastenhandhabung) werden von Erwerbstätigen noch immer häufig angegeben und können mit hohen psychosozialen Belastungen (z.B. Termindruck) verbunden sein. In bevölkerungsmäßig relevanten Berufsgruppen mit ungünstigen physischen Arbeitsbedingungen (Agrar-, manuelle und gering qualifizierte Dienstleistungsberufe) treten relativ häufig AU-Fälle aufgrund von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen auf. Die Prävention arbeitsbedingter Gesundheitsfolgen bleibt Public Health-relevant.
Sport als Möglichkeit für Gesundheitsförderung bei Migrantinnen
Authors: Röger-Offergeld Ulrike , Rütten Alfred 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund weisen häufig erhöhte Gesundheitsrisiken auf. Auslöser sind v.a. ungünstige Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen, von denen besonders Migrantinnen betroffen sind (vgl. RKI, 2008). Körperlich-sportliche Aktivität kann nachweislich zur Gesundheitsförderung beitragen. Jedoch sind Migrantinnen vergleichsweise wenig körperlich-sportlich aktiv (vgl. Kleindienst-Cachay et al., 2012). Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Migrantinnen mit körperlich-sportlicher Aktivität erreicht und adäquate Angebote für diese Zielgruppe implementiert werden können.
Direct numerical simulation of complete H-type and K-type transitions with implications for the dynamics of turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Sayadi Taraneh , Hamman Curtis W. , Moin Parviz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe onset and development of turbulence from controlled disturbances in compressible ($\mathit{Ma}= 0. 2$), flat-plate boundary layers is studied by direct numerical simulation. We have validated the initial disturbance development, confirmed that H- and K-regime transitions were reproduced and, from these starting points, we carried these simulations beyond breakdown, past the skin-friction maximum and to higher Reynolds numbers than investigated before to evaluate how these two flow regimes converge towards turbulence and what transitional flow structures embody the statistics and mean dynamics of developed turbulence. We show that H- and K-type breakdowns both relax toward the same statistical structure typical of developed turbulence at high Reynolds number immediately after the skin-friction maximum. This threshold marks the onset of self-sustaining mechanisms of near-wall turbulence. At this point, computed power spectra exhibit a decade of Kolmogorov inertial subrange; this is further evidence of convergence to equilibrium turbulence at the late stage of transition. Here, visualization of the instantaneous flow structure shows numerous, tightly packed hairpin vortices (Adrian, Phys. Fluids, vol. 19, 2007, 041301). Strongly organized coherent hairpin structures are less perceptible farther downstream (at higher Reynolds numbers), but the flow statistics and near-wall dynamics are the same. These structurally simple hairpin-packet solutions found in the very late stages of H- and K-type transitions obey the statistical measurements of higher-Reynolds-number turbulence. Comparison with the bypass transition of Wu & Moin (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, pp. 85–105) extends these observations to a wider class of transitional flows. In contrast to bypass transition, the (time- and spanwise-averaged) skin-friction maximum in both H- and K-type transitions overshoots the turbulent correlation. Downstream of these friction maxima, all three skin-friction profiles collapse when plotted versus the momentum-thickness Reynolds number, ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } $. Mean velocities, turbulence intensities and integral parameters collapse generally beyond ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 900$ in each transition scenario. Skin-friction maxima, organized hairpin vortices and the onset of self-sustaining turbulence found in controlled H- and K-type transitions are, in many dynamically important respects, similar to development of turbulent spots seen by Park et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 24, 2012, 035105). A detailed statistical comparison demonstrates that each of these different transition scenarios evolve into a unique force balance characteristic of higher-Reynolds-number turbulence (Klewicki, Ebner & Wu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 682, 2011, pp. 617–651). We postulate that these dynamics of late-stage transition as manifested by hairpin packets can serve as a reduced-order model of high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers.