bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus and high maternal weight on the development of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a population‐level analysis
Authors: Kaul P. , Savu A. , Nerenberg K. A. , Donovan L. E. , Chik C. L. , Ryan E. A. , Johnson J. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and high maternal weight and the risk of development of chronic disease.MethodsWomen with singleton deliveries between April 1999 and March 2010 in Alberta, Canada, were categorized according to pre‐pregnancy weight (overweight ≥ 91 kg) and GDM status. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes, as well as the long‐term incidence of maternal diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease were examined.ResultsOf 240 083 women, 213 765 (89%) had no GDM and were not overweight (reference group), 17 587 (7.3%) were overweight only, 7332 (3%) had GDM only and 1399 (0.6%) had GDM and were overweight. Significant differences in Caesarean section rates, induction rates and birthweight were observed across the four groups. During a median follow‐up of 5.3 years, diabetes incidence was 36% in the GDM and overweight, 18.8% in the GDM only, 4.8% in the overweight only and 1.1% in the reference group. With respect to hypertension and cardiovascular disease, the GDM and overweight group had the highest rates (26.8% and 3.1%, respectively) and the reference group had the lowest rates (5.8% and 1.0%, respectively). However, rates were similar in the GDM only (14.9% and 1.9%, respectively) and overweight only groups (14.9% and 1.5%, respectively).ConclusionsNot surprisingly, the presence of both high maternal weight and GDM compounds the risk of developing diabetes. However, the association between overweight alone and GDM alone and hypertension and cardiovascular disease appears similar suggesting a need for effective interventions to manage both these conditions to improve the health of these patients.
Utilization of International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria vs. a two‐step approach to screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women with twin pregnancies
Authors: Liu X. , Chen Y. , Zhou Q. , Shi H. , Cheng W. W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate prevalence and pregnancy outcomes using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria and screening protocol vs. a standard two‐step screening approach for gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese twin pregnancies.MethodsA retrospective cohort study for pregnancies during 2007–2013 was performed in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. Data were abstracted from the medical records of twin pregnancies delivered at the hospital. During the period 2007–2011, this hospital used a two‐step approach with a 50 g screening with a cut‐off value of ≥ 7.8 mmol/l followed by a 100 g diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) utilizing Carpenter–Coustan criteria. In 2012–2013, the hospital switched to the IADPSG protocol of universal 75 g OGTT.ResultsAmong 1461 twin pregnancies, 643 were screened utilizing IADPSG criteria and 818 using the two‐step protocol. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed more frequently in the IADPSG group than in the two‐step group [20.4% and 7.0%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.30–4.52]. During the IADPSG period, the incidence of pre‐eclampsia was 38% lower in non‐gestational diabetes mellitus affected pregnancies compared with the two‐step period (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.44–0.87). We observed no significant differences in most perinatal outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with a standard two‐step approach to screening and diagnosis, the IADPSG screening method resulted in a three‐fold increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies, with a 38% lower risk of pre‐eclampsia but no significant difference in most perinatal outcomes in non‐gestational diabetes mellitus affected pregnancies.
Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1 year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5
Authors: Home P. D. , Shamanna P. , Stewart M. , Yang F. , Miller M. , Perry C. , Carr M. C. 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo investigate the efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide, a weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, when added to metformin and glimepiride in a triple therapy regimen in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis was a 156‐week, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre study. In the present paper we describe the primary results, namely those at 52 weeks. Adult participants (n = 685) were randomly assigned to albiglutide (30 mg/week), pioglitazone (30 mg/day) or placebo. If needed, blinded uptitration of albiglutide (to 50 mg/week) and pioglitazone (to 45 mg/day) was allowed. The participant's current dose of metformin (>1500 mg/day) was maintained throughout. The glimepiride dose (4 mg/day), standardized before randomization, could be decreased if persistent hypoglycaemia occurred.ResultsThe week 52 model‐adjusted difference in change of glycated haemoglobin (primary endpoint) for albiglutide versus placebo was ‐0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) –1.07, –0.68]%‐units (p < 0.001), and for albiglutide versus pioglitazone it was 0.25 (95% CI 0.10, 0.40)%‐units; therefore, not non‐inferior. In the albiglutide group only, fasting plasma glucose reduced rapidly in the first 2 weeks. Confirmed hypoglycaemia occurred in 14% of participants on albiglutide, 25% on pioglitazone and 14% on placebo. The mean (± standard error) weight change was −0.42 (±0.2) kg with albiglutide, +4.4 (±0.2) kg (p < 0.001) with pioglitazone, and −0.40 (±0.4) kg with placebo and serious adverse events occurred in 6.3, 9.0 and 6.1% of participants in the respective groups. Injection site reactions occurred in 13% of participants on albiglutide and resulted in treatment discontinuation for four participants (1.4%).ConclusionsAlbiglutide, as part of triple therapy, provided effective glucose‐lowering and was generally well tolerated.
Host preference and offspring performance are linked in three congeneric hyperparasitoid species
Authors: HARVEY JEFFREY A. , GOLS RIETA , SNAAS HELEN , MALCICKA MIRIAMA , VISSER BERTANNE 
Published: November 2014

1. The optimisation theory predicts that insect mothers should oviposit on resources on which they attain the highest exclusive fitness. The development of parasitoid wasps is dependent on limited host resources that are often not much larger than the adult parasitoid.2. In the present study preference and development in three congeneric species of secondary hyperparasitoids attacking cocoons of two congeneric primary parasitoids that differ significantly in size were compared. Gelis agilis (Fabricius) and G. acarorum (L.) are wingless hyperparasitoids that forage in grassy habitats, whereas G. areator (Panzer) is fully winged and forages higher in the canopy of forbs.3. The three species were reared on cocoons containing pupae of a small gregarious endoparasitoid, Cotesia glomerata (L.), and a larger solitary species, C. rubecula (Marshall), both of which develop in the caterpillars of pierid butterflies.4. Adult mass was correlated with initial cocoon mass in all three species, whereas development time was unaffected. Wasps were larger when developing in C. rubecula. However, for a given host mass, wasps were larger when developing on the smaller host, C. glomerata. This suggests that there is a physiological limit to hyperparasitoid size that was exceeded when C. rubecula served as host.5. All three hyperparasitoids strongly preferred to attack cocoons of the larger species, C. rubecula, often avoiding cocoons of C. glomerata entirely.6. Preference and performance are correlated in the three Gelis species. However, owing to variation in the distribution and thus abundance of their hosts, it is argued that cumulative fitness may be still higher in the smaller host species.
Validation of the Brazilian‐Portuguese version of the Modified Telephone Interview for cognitive status among stroke patients
Authors: Baccaro Alessandra , Segre Adriana , Wang Yuan‐Pang , Brunoni André R , Santos Itamar S , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M , Goulart Alessandra C 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS‐M) for cognitive impairment in post‐stroke patients from the Stroke Mortality and Morbidity Study.MethodsThe original version of the TICS‐M was translated and adapted into Brazilian‐Portuguese language in 30 non‐clinical subjects. After that, two trained researchers applied the TICS‐M in 73 stroke participants from the Stroke Mortality and Morbidity Study; however, 12 carried out only the first evaluation and 61 participants completed the follow up: (i) personal interview 6 months after stroke; (ii) telephone interview 1 week after the first evaluation; and (iii) telephone interview 2 weeks after the first evaluation. The reliability of the TICS‐M was calculated by test–retest Pearson's correlation, intraclass correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in 61 participants. Also, using data from the same participants, we carried out the analysis of the receiver operating characteristics curve using the Mini‐Mental State Examination as a comparison. The structural validity of the TICS‐M was assessed through principal components analysis in 103 individuals (30 non‐clinical and 73 stroke patients).ResultsTest–retest reliability and intraclass correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.97 across the evaluations. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.96. Principal components analysis extracted three meaningful domains: working memory, recall memory and orientation. The best cut‐off point to screen cognitive impairment was 14 out of 15 (91.5% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity). The area under the curve was 0.89.ConclusionsThe Brazilian version of the TICS‐M has been found to be a reliable, stable and homogeneous instrument to screen cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1118–1126.
Effect of two physical exercise protocols on cognition and depressive symptoms in oldest‐old people: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ansai Juliana Hotta , Rebelatto José Rubens 
Published: November 2014

AimTo compare the effect of multicomponent and resistance training and detraining on cognition and depressive symptoms in oldest‐old community‐dwelling people.MethodsA total of 69 sedentary older adults aged older than 80 years were assessed and randomized into three groups (control, multicomponent and resistance training). The multicomponent group performed protocol consisting of aerobic, strength and balance exercises. The resistance group participated in strength exercises using six machines. The control group did not perform any intervention. The training sessions had progressive intensity, lasted 16 weeks and included three sessions per week. The volunteers were assessed at baseline, at the end of the 16‐week training sessions and after the 6‐week detraining period. The assessment consisted of anamneses, Geriatric Depression Scale and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clock Drawing Test, verbal fluency and dual task).ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups and times in any of variables; however, the adherence to training was low, mainly in the multicomponent group.ConclusionsRandomized controlled trials using adherence strategies and longer times comparing training variations are required to verify which training protocols are more effective and consistent on cognition and depression in oldest‐old people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1127–1134.
Oral health‐related quality of life among institutionalized patients after dental rehabilitation
Authors: İlhan Betül , Çal Ebru , Dündar Nesrin , Güneri Pelin , Dağhan Şafak 
Published: November 2014

AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the changes in oral health‐related quality of life before and 3 months after dental rehabilitation among geriatric patients residing in a state‐owned nursing home, using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI).MethodsData from 40 patients were collected through the administration of a structured questionnaire, as well as from medical records and intraoral examinations. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables, and denture use/length of use were recorded. The GOHAI questionnaire was completed before and 3 months after dental rehabilitation by the same examiner. Normality of the GOHAI scores was examined with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t‐tests, one‐way ancova and ancova (P < 0.05).ResultsThe study sample included 32 men (80%) and eight women (20%) with a mean age of 72.75 years. Mean GOHAI scores increased from 41.275 (low) to 53.100 (moderate) 3 months after dental rehabilitation (t = 1.42, P < 0.001, r = 0.86). Patients with poor oral hygiene (P = 0.000), those who had been using dentures (P = 0.000) and patients younger than 70 years‐of‐age (P = 0.03) provided higher GOHAI scores after dental rehabilitation. GOHAI scores before and after dental rehabilitation were not influenced by sociodemographic and behavioral variables (P > 0.05). The after treatment GOHAI scores, which were corrected according to gender and age, showed no significant differences regarding the education level, income, behavioral variables, use of dentures, oral hygiene status and presence of systemic diseases (F = 0.62, P = 0.69).ConclusionsDental rehabilitation of institutionalized geriatric patients resulted in a significant improvement in GOHAI scores, indicating an improvement in oral health‐related quality of life after receiving proper dental care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1151–1157.
Coronary artery disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Ahuja Wasin , Spanuchart Ittikorn , Thongprayoon Charat 
Published: November 2014

AimTo investigate the association between primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published observational studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, hazard ratios or standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing CAD risk in patients with PBC versus non‐PBC controls. Pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were combined using a random‐effect model and generic inverse variance of DerSimonian and Laird methods.ResultFour studies with 3362 patients with PBC were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled risk ratio of CAD in patients with PBC was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.21–2.06). The statistical heterogeneity was low with an I2 of 38%.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a statistically significant increased risk of CAD among patients with PBC.
Return Migration and Transnationalism: How Are the Two Connected?
Authors: Carling Jørgen , Erdal Marta Bivand 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReturn migration and migrant transnationalism are key phenomena in research on international migration. Here we examine how the two are connected. The article introduces a special section and draws partly upon this selection of papers and partly upon the broader literature. First, we argue that there is often a blurred boundary between mobility as a transnational practice, for instance in the form of return visits, and purportedly permanent or long‐term return migration. Second, we examine the effects of transnationalism on return migration intentions and experiences. Third, we explore how migration trajectories, involving various forms of ‘return’ moves, create different forms of transnationalism. Examples include the ‘reverse transnational’ practices of returnees and the ‘residual transnationalism’ of migrants who have had an unsuccessful return experience and decided to settle permanently abroad. We end by considering how both return migration and transnationalism exist in the interplay between the personal and the social.
Between One‐Nation Toryism and Neoliberalism: The Dilemmas of British Conservatism and Britain's Evolving Place in Europe
Authors: Vail Mark I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrime Minister David Cameron's ambivalence about Britain's role in the European Union stems from dilemmas within his Conservative Party. Since the nineteenth century, British Conservatism had represented a comfortable synthesis of a soft Burkean traditionalism and class‐based paternalism with an effort to expand the party's appeal to the working class. Thatcher's aggressive neoliberal challenge to this tradition never truly displaced the older paternalistic sense of noblesse oblige or the preference for societal consensus and incremental change. Instead, the two elements came into an uneasy coexistence that has informed Tory ambivalence about the EU. This article argues that Cameron's gradual distancing of Britain from the EU has paralleled his championing of economic austerity at home. It argues further that Cameron's policy‐making response to the post‐2007 economic downturn and European debt crisis can best be understood as a reflection of unresolved tensions within British Conservative thought.
LACK OF MOTIVATION: A NEW MODIFIABLE RISK FACTOR FOR PERITONITIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERITONEAL DIALYSIS?
Authors: Paudel Klara , Namagondlu Girish , Samad Nasreen , McKitty Khadija , Fan Stanley L. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYAimCan we identify modifiable risk factors for peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD)? We aimed to determine whether housing standard, PD exchange technique or patient motivation might be modifiable risks for peritonitis. We also explored the relationship between lack of motivation and depression.MethodsNurse home visits assessed PD exchange technique, environment and patient motivation. Motivation scores were correlated separately with an Apathy Evaluation Score and a depression score using PHQ‐9 questionnaires.ResultsHome hygiene, exchange technique and motivation were above average in 53%, 56% and 60%, respectively in 104 patients undergoing PD. After 15 months, 25.9% patients developed peritonitis but nurses' ratings of homes and exchange techniques were not predictive. Low patient motivation was predictive. Patients rated to have above or below median motivation had significantly different Apathy Scores (p = 0.0002). Unmotivated depressed patients were significantly more likely to develop peritonitis compared to motivated depressed patients.ConclusionLack of motivation predicted peritonitis particularly if associated with depression. Further studies are required focusing on specific motivation scoring schemes and the psychosocial support that might lead to better outcomes.
The Position Value for Partition Function Form Network Games
Authors: VAN DEN NOUWELAND ANNE , SLIKKER MARCO 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe use the axiomatization of the position value for network situations in van den Nouweland and Slikker (2012) to define a position value for partition function form network situations. We do this by generalizing the axioms to the partition function form value function setting as studied in Navarro (2007) and then showing that there exists a unique allocation rule satisfying these axioms. We call this allocation rule the position value for partition function form network situations.
An association network analysis among microeukaryotes and bacterioplankton reveals algal bloom dynamics
Authors: Tan Shangjin , Zhou Jin , Zhu Xiaoshan , Yu Shichen , Zhan Wugen , Wang Bo , Cai Zhonghua 
Published: November 2014

Algal blooms are a worldwide phenomenon and the biological interactions that underlie their regulation are only just beginning to be understood. It is established that algal microorganisms associate with many other ubiquitous, oceanic organisms, but the interactions that lead to the dynamics of bloom formation are currently unknown. To address this gap, we used network approaches to investigate the association patterns among microeukaryotes and bacterioplankton in response to a natural Scrippsiella trochoidea bloom. This is the first study to apply network approaches to bloom dynamics. To this end, terminal restriction fragment (T‐RF) length polymorphism analysis showed dramatic changes in community compositions of microeukaryotes and bacterioplankton over the blooming period. A variance ratio test revealed significant positive overall associations both within and between microeukaryotic and bacterioplankton communities. An association network generated from significant correlations between T‐RFs revealed that S. trochoidea had few connections to other microeukaryotes and bacterioplankton and was placed on the edge. This lack of connectivity allowed for the S. trochoidea sub‐network to break off from the overall network. These results allowed us to propose a conceptual model for explaining how changes in microbial associations regulate the dynamics of an algal bloom. In addition, key T‐RFs were screened by principal components analysis, correlation coefficients, and network analysis. Dominant T‐RFs were then identified through 18S and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Results showed that microeukaryotes clustered predominantly with Dinophyceae and Perkinsea while the majority of bacterioplankton identified were Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The ecologi‐cal roles of both were discussed in the context of these findings.
Low‐Field MRI and Multislice CT for the Detection of Cerebellar (Foramen Magnum) Herniation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Authors: Kromhout K. , van Bree H. , Broeckx B.J.G. , Bhatti S. , Van Ham L. , Polis I. , Gielen I. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundCavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) have a high prevalence of Chiari‐like malformation (CM). Herniation of the cerebellum into the foramen magnum is a key diagnostic feature for CM. Midsagittal MR images are the preferred technique for visualizing cerebellar herniation (CH).ObjectiveTo investigate whether CT can be used to diagnose CH.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned CKCS dogs referred for investigation of the brain and cranial cervical spine on MRI and CT.MethodsTwo reviewers retrospectively analyzed midsagittal T1WSE and T2WSE MR images and midsagittal pre‐ and postcontrast 2D multiplanar reformatted CT images from each dog for the presence of CH. And, if present, the length (mm, CHL) of the herniation was measured. The results were analyzed statistically.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the different observers and techniques for the detection of CH and measurement of CHL. Overall, the CHL was longer on the CT images.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceBoth techniques are useful for detecting CH and measuring CHL. Because CHL does not have a known direct impact on the clinical presentation of CM, CT can be used as a diagnostic tool in a routine clinical practice for CM in CKCS when MRI is not available. We emphasize that MRI is the standard screening technique in CKCS for breeding purposes to detect the presence of CM and SM and, at the current time, CT cannot replace MRI.