bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in Public Health Education: Promoting Professional Development and a Culture of Health
Authors: Levy Marian , Gentry Daniel , Klesges Lisa M. 
Published: February 2015

As the field of public health advances toward addressing complex, systemic problems, future public health professionals must be equipped with leadership and interprofessional skills that support collaboration and a culture of health. The University of Memphis School of Public Health has infused innovative strategies into graduate education via experiential learning opportunities to enhance leadership, collaboration, and professional development. Novel training programs such as Day One, Public Health Interdisciplinary Case Competition, and Memphis Healthy U support Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health cross-cutting competencies and prepare Master of Public Health and Master of Health Administration graduates to function effectively at the outset of their careers and become catalysts for creating a culture of health.
A Call to Action: Training Public Health Students to Be Effective Agents for Social Change
Authors: Godwin Hilary , Heymann S. Jody 
Published: February 2015

In the 21st century, we face enormous public health challenges that differ fundamentally from those of the last century, because these challenges involve widespread societal change and complexity. To address these challenges, public health professionals need to be able to place their work in a larger social context, understand local and global perspectives on a deeper level, and effectively engage a wide variety of stakeholders. To confer these skills, we need to change the way we train our students. We present two examples of low-cost innovative approaches to teaching public health that promote active engagement with individuals across a wide range of backgrounds and fields and that train students to be effective agents for change.
Service Learning: A Vehicle for Building Health Equity and Eliminating Health Disparities
Authors: Sabo Samantha , de Zapien Jill , Teufel-Shone Nicolette , Rosales Cecilia , Bergsma Lynda , Taren Douglas 
Published: February 2015

Service learning (SL) is a form of community-centered experiential education that places emerging health professionals in community-generated service projects and provides structured opportunities for reflection on the broader social, economic, and political contexts of health. We describe the elements and impact of five distinct week-long intensive SL courses focused on the context of urban, rural, border, and indigenous health contexts. Students involved in these SL courses demonstrated a commitment to community-engaged scholarship and practice in both their student and professional lives. SL is directly in line with the core public health value of social justice and serves as a venue to strengthen community–campus partnerships in addressing health disparities through sustained collaboration and action in vulnerable communities.
Promoting Innovative Thinking
Authors: Ness Roberta B. 
Published: February 2015

Innovation is the engine of scientific progress, yet we do not train public health students to think creatively. I present the key concepts within an evidence-based method currently taught at the University of Texas. Habitual thought patterns involve deeply held framed expectations. Finding alternatives generates originality. Because frame breaking is difficult, a series of innovation heuristics and tools are offered including enhancing observation, using analogies, changing point of view, juggling opposites, broadening perspective, reversal, reorganization and combination, and getting the most from groups. Gaining cognitive attributes such as nonjudgment, willingness to question, mindfulness, and plasticity is also emphasized. Students completing the class demonstrate substantial increases on a standardized test of idea fluency and originality, more joyful attitudes toward science, and more pluralistic approaches.
Developing the New Columbia Core Curriculum: A Case Study in Managing Radical Curriculum Change
Authors: Galea Sandro , Fried Linda P. , Walker Julia R. , Rudenstine Sasha , Glover Jim W. , Begg Melissa D. 
Published: February 2015

Curricular change is essential for maintaining vibrant, timely, and relevant educational programming. However, major renewal of a long-standing curriculum at an established university presents many challenges for leaders, faculty, staff, and students. We present a case study of a dramatic curriculum renewal of one of the nation’s largest Master of Public Health degree programs: Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. We discuss context, motivation for change, the administrative structure established to support the process, data sources to inform our steps, the project timeline, methods for engaging the school community, and the extensive planning that was devoted to evaluation and communication efforts. We highlight key features that we believe are essential for successful curricular change.
Business Analysis: A Hotbed for Strategy Ideas
Authors: Menghini Paul , Stang Roy 
Published: February 2015

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Management - Paper (SPE 38778) originally presented at the 1997 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in San Antonio, Texas, 5-8 October.

Summary
The rapidly changing business environment of the 1990's forced the oil and gas industry to develop new corporate and regional strategies to remain competitive. To support strategy development, much attention has been given to such analytical tools as decision and risk analysis and probabilistic modeling. Often overlooked, however, is that a solid foundation of information and a thorough understanding of the underlying business environment are required for these tools to be effective. The business-analysis process provides this understanding and serves as a "hotbed" for new strategic ideas. This paper presents several business-analysis tools that enhance awareness of the business environment and provide the foundation of information necessary for sound strategic modeling. Examples from a recent study show how tools, such as influence diagrams, value-chain analysis, benchmarking, competitor analysis, scenario development, and strength and weakness analysis, are used.
Pollen Genotype Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape
Authors: Hom Nang Hseng , Schierholt Antje , Möllers Christian , Becker Heiko C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe genetics of seed compounds is complex because seed quality traits might be exclusively determined by the genotype of the female parent or, depending on the genotype of the embryo, may also be affected by the genotype of the pollen parent. For many quality traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), the influence of the pollen parent is not well known. In this study, two male sterile lines (female parent) were pollinated by 10 genotypes (pollen parent) differing largely in seed quality. Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Northern Germany, with two replications in 1 yr. Pollen parents were sown in plots and 10 male sterile plants from each female parent were hand planted into the center of each plot. Seeds were harvested from pollen parents and from the interplanted female parents. Seeds were analyzed for oil, protein, and sinapic acid esters by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy; for glucosinolate and tocopherol content by high‐performance liquid chromatography; and for fatty acid content by gas liquid chromatography. Earlier results were confirmed in that fatty acid composition is dependent on the embryo genotype and is therefore largely influenced by the pollen parent. Significant pollen parent effects were also observed for oil content, indole glucosinolate, sinapoylglucose, total sinapic acid ester, and γ‐tocopherol contents. The F1 seed quality was positively correlated with the pollen parent seed quality. In conclusion, not only the fatty acid composition but also other seed quality traits such as oil content are influenced by the genotype of the pollen parent. This should be considered when analyzing open pollinated plants.
Credible Intervals for Scores in the AMMI with Random Effects for Genotype
Authors: Antonio de Oliveira Luciano , Pereira da Silva Carlos , Nuvunga Joel Jorge , Da Silva Alessandra Querino , Balestre Marcio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model is frequently applied in plant breeding for studying the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. One of the main difficulties related to this method of analysis is the incorporation of inference to the bilinear terms that compose the biplot representation. This study aimed to incorporate credible intervals for the genotypic and environmental scores in the AMMI model by using an informative prior for the genotype effect. This approach differs from the Bayesian methods that have been presented so far, which assume the same restrictions as the fixed effects model. The method was exemplified by using data from a study with 55 maize hybrids in nine different environments for which variable being studied was the yield of unhusked ears. Our results demonstrated that the credible intervals allowed for the identification of genotypes and environments that did not contribute to the G × E interaction. In addition, it facilitated recognition of homogeneous subgroups of genotypes and environments (with respect to the effect of the interaction) and the adaptability of genotypes to specific environments of great interest to breeders. The posterior distributions of singular vectors were bimodal but with the same density peaks in absolute value. This reflects the arbitrary choice of signs of the main component that was used in different mathematical algorithms. Although our data set was based on unrelated single cross hybrids, the choice of genotypes as random effects enabled the Bayesian AMMI to accommodate the additive and nonadditive relationship matrices. Additionally, the flexibility of the analysis facilitated working with unbalanced data and the incorporation of heterogeneity of variances.
Agronomic Impact of a Stem Solidness Gene in Near‐Isogenic Lines of Wheat
Authors: Sherman J.D. , Blake N.K. , Martin J.M. , Kephart K.D. , Smith J. , Clark D.R. , Hofland M.L. , Weaver D.K. , Lanning S.P. , Heo H.‐Y. , Pumphrey M. , Chen J. , Talbert L.E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe primary trait in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to prevent damage caused by the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus) is antibiosis facilitated by solid stems. The pith of solid stems impedes development of larvae, often resulting in their death inside the stem. A key question regarding solid stems is the possible impact on grain yield potential due to photosynthate partitioning to stem pith instead of to grain. Molecular markers for the major gene controlling stem solidness, Qss.msub‐3BL, were used to develop near‐isogenic lines (NIL) for alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL in six genetic backgrounds. The NIL were grown in replicated trials in 12 locations that varied for yield potential in Montana, Washington, and Idaho. There was no significant impact of the solid stem allele on grain yield based on mean performance over recurrent parents and locations. Individually, solid‐stemmed NIL were significantly lower yielding in one of six genetic backgrounds. Based on means over all crosses, the solid‐stemmed NIL had lower yield in only one high‐yielding environment. These results suggest that in general the allele for solid stems at Qss.msub‐3BL does not result in yield reduction. Development of solid‐stemmed cultivars with yield potential similar to the best hollow‐stemmed cultivars is a reasonable goal for wheat breeding programs in areas impacted by the WSS.
Desflurane and sevoflurane elimination kinetics and recovery quality in horses
Authors: Valente Ana C. S. , Brosnan Robert J. , Guedes Alonso G. P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics, recovery times, and recovery quality in horses anesthetized with 1.2 times the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane or desflurane.
ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane or desflurane for 2 hours at 1.2 times the minimum alveolar concentration. Horses recovered without assistance. During recovery, end-tidal gas samples were collected until horses spontaneously moved. Anesthetic concentrations were measured by use of gas chromatography. After a 1-week washout period, horses were anesthetized with the other inhalation agent. Video recordings of anesthetic recovery were evaluated for recovery quality on the basis of a visual analogue scale by investigators who were unaware of the anesthetic administered. Anesthetic washout curves were fit to a 2-compartment kinetic model with multivariate nonlinear regression. Normally distributed interval data were analyzed by means of paired Student t tests; ordinal or nonnormally distributed data were analyzed by means of Wilcoxon signed rank tests.
RESULTS Horses recovered from both anesthetics without major injuries. Results for subjective recovery evaluations did not differ between anesthetics. Area under the elimination curve was significantly smaller and time to standing recovery was significantly less for desflurane than for sevoflurane, although distribution and elimination constants did not differ significantly between anesthetics.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in area under elimination the curve between anesthetics indicated more rapid clearance for desflurane than for sevoflurane in horses, as predicted by anesthetic blood solubility differences in this species. More rapid elimination kinetics was associated with faster recovery times, but no association with improved subjective recovery quality was detected.
Association of bovine respiratory disease or vaccination with serologic response in dairy heifer calves up to three months of age
Authors: Windeyer M. Claire , Leslie Ken E. , Godden Sandra M. , Hodgins Douglas C. , Lissemore Kerry D. , LeBlanc Stephen J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) or vaccination with serologic response in calves.
ANIMALS 94 Holstein calves.
PROCEDURES To assess the association between BRD and antibody titers, 38 calves < 3 months old that were treated for BRD were matched with 38 untreated calves. To investigate the effect of vaccination on antibody titers, 24 calves were randomly assigned to be vaccinated against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1), and parainfluenza virus type 3 at 2 weeks of age (n = 6), 5 weeks of age (6), and both 2 and 5 weeks of age (6) or were assigned to be unvaccinated controls (6). Blood samples were obtained at I, 2, 5, and 12 weeks for determination of serum neutralization antibody titers against the vaccine viruses, bovine coronavirus, and Mannheimia haemolytica. Antibody rates of decay were calculated.
RESULTS Calves with initial antibody titers against BRSV < 1:64 that were treated for BRD had a slower rate of anti-BRSV antibody decay than did similar calves that were not treated for BRD. Calves with high initial antibody titers against BRSV and BHV1 had lower odds of BRD than did calves with low initial antibody titers against those 2 pathogens. Vaccination at 2 or 5 weeks of age had no effect on the rate of antibody decay.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical BRD and the serologic response of dairy calves were associated with initial antibody titers against BRSV and BHV1. Serologic or clinical responses to viral exposure may differ in calves with low passive immunity.
“Come Watch This Spider”: Animals, Mennonites, and Indices of Modernity
Authors: Loewen Royden 
Published: February 2015

Abstract: Historians have increasingly written the animal into the narratives of social history. Broad studies document how humans managed animals, related to them, and were affected by them. Many of these studies critique the separation of humans from animals during the rise of an urban, commercialized society. Collectively, however, these works also present inter-species relations as an index of modernization – the rise of the classically “liberal” society with its focus on individualism, technology, and unfettered capitalism. An investigation into the way Mennonites in Canada related to the animal kingdom can illuminate this social development by focusing narrowly and interpreting broadly. As an identifiable ethno-religious community, with a strong literary tradition and a historic, religiously informed, predisposition to rural life, a study of Canadian Mennonites reveals the evolving nature of inter-species relationships. This change is evident in an interrogation of their texts that pay special attention to such encounters. In particular, nineteenth- and early twentieth-century rural diaries reflect a traditional agrarian concern and respect for animals. Then, twentieth- and early twenty-first-century memoirs speak of individual ascendancy and an alienation from animals. Most recently, novels and works of poetry give voice to a nascent culture of resistance to animal subjugation. By happenstance, this series of texts reflects the sequence of pre-modern, modern, and postmodern societies, and thus it serves to illuminate those particular societies and the inter-species relationships commensurate with each. By writing the animal into the history of one ethno-religious community, a fuller understanding of how modernization was experienced at the local level is achieved, and in the process both this community and the wider society are interpreted. To study animal-human relations is also to study social history more generally.
Algorithm Evolution for Drug Resistance Prediction: Comparison of Systems for HIV-1 Genotyping
Authors: Wagner Sarah , Kurz Mario , Klimkait Thomas ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: February 2015

Background Different genotypic HIV resistance algorithms are based on different rules. They may therefore result in different drug-resistance interpretations for the same patient sample. In particular, for early periods of new retroviral inhibitors or classes, sequence interpretation is expected to vary. One would, however, assume that those differences between systems wane with growing experience and that different algorithms yield similar results for well-established drugs. Methods To assess the concordance of the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS), Rega and Stanford-HIVdb algorithms and their evolution over time, we analysed 284 routine samples with the current versions of each algorithm in 2004 and 2013. For 446 recent clinical sequences the differences for actual drugs were analysed. Scoring as ‘susceptible’ by one algorithm and ‘resistant’ by a second one defined a discordance. Results The longitudinal analysis showed similar overall discordances for both time points as well as an evolution over time. The actual analysis demonstrated a higher overall discordance rate, mainly for certain drugs. Most deviations refected differences between the ANRS and the other two algorithms. Conclusions This study demonstrates discordances between three most commonly used interpretation tools even for long-available drugs. It thereby reveals a need for further adjustment and improvement of current interpretation tools and may point at a possibly crucial role of subtype-specific information.
TéléPallia
Authors: Lemaire Antoine 
Published: February 2015

La France dispose désormais de nombreuses données épidémiologiques sur la fin de vie et le développement des soins palliatifs en Etablissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD). Les différents rapports de l’Observatoire national de la fin de vie (ONFV) notamment, sont une base conséquente d’éléments qualitatifs et quantitatifs à même de nous aider à appréhender les problématiques rencontrées au quotidien dans les EHPAD sur les questions de fin de vie en général. En parallèle, le développement de la télémédecine – qui est inscrite dans la loi « Hôpital, Patients, Santé, Territoires » de juillet 2009 – poursuit une structuration sur l’ensemble du territoire et vise à mettre en place de nouvelles organisations à même de porter les challenges de la médecine, et plus généralement de la santé. Par nature, la télémédecine peut accompagner voire accélérer le déploiement de la démarche et de la culture palliatives en EHPAD, à travers un changement de paradigme. Et ainsi proposer des solutions innovantes bénéficiant au résident de l’EHPAD, mais également à son entourage et aux équipes soignantes le prenant en charge, dans une structure médico-sociale dont la particularité est d’être avant tout un lieu de vie.
Traitement de faveur. Jacques Derrida et nos renseignements sur la « grâce »
Authors: Lefert Jérôme M. 
Published: February 2015

L’article traite de la notion de la grâce, telle qu’elle pourrait se déployer dans l’espace ouvert par la mise en correspondance de l’histoire de la tradition théologique avec le projet de la déconstruction. La réflexion s’avance en suivant deux « époques » décelables dans la formation de ce concept : 1) de la compréhension binaire de la grâce, envisagée en opposition au jugement, aux œuvres, à la nature, etc., 2) vers les tentatives médiévales de clarification de ce concept, en identifiant ses dimensions connexes, jusqu’à l’effacement de la structure binaire en tant que telle. Ce développement n’est pas sans ressemblance avec la logique de renversement et de transgression, décrite par Derrida. En développant cette intuition, notamment à travers la comparaison systématique des procédés, profondément caractéristiques, qui unissent Derrida et Saint Paul, la logique de la question oblige à faire un cercle complet, et éventuellement à questionner-en-retour, sur la généalogie de la déconstruction elle-même. Alors émerge une certaine idée de la « sécularisation », faisant écho, encore une fois, au concept de la « grâce », comme un « lien neutre » et paradoxal de la promesse et du secret.
L'Église catholique et les croyants des autres religions. De l'élaboration de Nostra Aetate à nos jours
Authors: Scheuer Jacques 
Published: February 2015

Durant les étapes de préparation de Vatican II, les relations entre l’Église catholique et les religions ne sont pas à l’ordre du jour. Cependant, le projet d’une déclaration sur la « question juive » entraîne, de fil en aiguille, l’examen de l’attitude des chrétiens à l’égard des autres communautés de croyants, non sans lien avec le débat sur la liberté en matière de religion. Au terme d’un parcours riche en rebondissements, la déclaration Nostra Aetate apparaît, dans sa brièveté, comme un des textes les plus novateurs du Concile. Après un exposé des lignes de force de ce document, on examine sa fécondité et ses prolongements jusqu’à nos jours, tant dans les initiatives de dialogue et les enseignements de Paul VI et de Jean-Paul II que dans le bouillonnement des recherches actuelles sur la portée des religions dans l’histoire du salut.
Faut-il encore parler des limbes ?
Authors: Hennaux Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2015

Cet article présente une étude critique du document de la Commission théologique internationale, intitulé « L’espérance du salut pour les enfants qui meurent sans baptême ». Il en montre les richesses et les lacunes. Il appelle surtout une intervention nouvelle du Magistère de l’Église, déclarant l’incompatibilité de la théorie des limbes avec l’ensemble des données de la Révélation.
Prophète et témoin. Le rôle du peuple juif dans la théologie augustinienne
Authors: Massie Alban 
Published: February 2015

Augustin est souvent considéré comme le théoricien du « système d’avilissement » dont les juifs ont été victimes de la part des chrétiens. L’A. examine à nouveaux frais la genèse de la théologie augustinienne du peuple juif et souligne l’amplitude que prend cette théologie dans l’ecclésiologie et la théologie de l’évêque d’Hippone, surtout dans ses polémiques contre les manichéens, les donatistes et les pélagiens. Le peuple juif est témoin de la vérité du Christ et de la fidélité de Dieu.