bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient light emission from inorganic and organic semiconductor hybrid structures by energy-level tuning
Authors: Schlesinger R. , Bianchi F. , Blumstengel S. , Christodoulou C. , Ovsyannikov R. , Kobin B. , Moudgil K. , Barlow S. , Hecht S. , Marder S.R. , Henneberger F. , Koch N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe fundamental limits of inorganic semiconductors for light emitting applications, such as holographic displays, biomedical imaging and ultrafast data processing and communication, might be overcome by hybridization with their organic counterparts, which feature enhanced frequency response and colour range. Innovative hybrid inorganic/organic structures exploit efficient electrical injection and high excitation density of inorganic semiconductors and subsequent energy transfer to the organic semiconductor, provided that the radiative emission yield is high. An inherent obstacle to that end is the unfavourable energy level offset at hybrid inorganic/organic structures, which rather facilitates charge transfer that quenches light emission. Here, we introduce a technologically relevant method to optimize the hybrid structure’s energy levels, here comprising ZnO and a tailored ladder-type oligophenylene. The ZnO work function is substantially lowered with an organometallic donor monolayer, aligning the frontier levels of the inorganic and organic semiconductors. This increases the hybrid structure’s radiative emission yield sevenfold, validating the relevance of our approach.
The effects of interfacial potential on antimicrobial propensity of ZnO nanoparticle
Authors: Arakha Manoranjan , Saleem Mohammed , Mallick Bairagi C. , Jha Suman 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe work investigates the role of interfacial potential in defining antimicrobial propensity of ZnO nanoparticle (ZnONP) against different Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. ZnONPs with positive and negative surface potential are tested against different bacteria with varying surface potentials, ranging −14.7 to −23.6 mV. Chemically synthesized ZnONPs with positive surface potential show very high antimicrobial propensity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL for Gram negative and positive bacterium, respectively. On other hand, ZnONPs of the same size but with negative surface potential show insignificant antimicrobial propensity against the studied bacteria. Unlike the positively charged nanoparticles, neither Zn2+ ion nor negatively charged ZnONP shows any significant inhibition in growth or morphology of the bacterium. Potential neutralization and colony forming unit studies together proved adverse effect of the resultant nano-bacterial interfacial potential on bacterial viability. Thus, ZnONP with positive surface potential upon interaction with negative surface potential of bacterial membrane enhances production of the reactive oxygen species and exerts mechanical stress on the membrane, resulting in the membrane depolarization. Our results show that the antimicrobial propensity of metal oxide nanoparticle mainly depends upon the interfacial potential, the potential resulting upon interaction of nanoparticle surface with bacterial membrane.
Largely Enhanced Saturable Absorption of a Complex of Plasmonic and Molecular-Like Au Nanocrystals
Authors: Ding Si-Jing , Nan Fan , Yang Da-Jie , Liu Xiao-Li , Wang Ya-Lan , Zhou Li , Hao Zhong-Hua , Wang Qu-Quan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA saturable absorber is a nonlinear functional material widely used in laser and photonic nanodevices. Metallic nanostructures have prominent saturable absorption (SA) at the plasmon resonance frequency owing to largely enhanced ground state absorption. However, the SA of plasmonic metal nanostructures is hampered by excited-state absorption processes at very high excitation power, which usually leads to a changeover from SA to reversed SA (SA→RSA). Here, we demonstrate tunable nonlinear absorption behaviours of a nanocomplex of plasmonic and molecular-like Au nanocrystals. The SA→RSA process is efficiently suppressed and the stepwise SA→SA process is fulfilled owing to energy transfer in the nanocomplex. Our observations offer a strategy for preparation of the saturable absorber complex and have prospective applications in liquid lasers as well as one-photon nonlinear nanodevices.
Joint Skewness and Its Application in Unsupervised Band Selection for Small Target Detection
Authors: Geng Xiurui , Sun Kang , Ji Luyan , Tang Hairong , Zhao Yongchao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFew band selection methods are specially designed for small target detection. It is well known that the information of small targets is most likely contained in non-Gaussian bands, where small targets are more easily separated from the background. On the other hand, correlation of band set also plays an important role in the small target detection. When the selected bands are highly correlated, it will be unbeneficial for the subsequent detection. However, the existing non-Gaussianity-based band selection methods have not taken the correlation of bands into account, which generally result in high correlation of obtained bands. In this paper, combining the third-order (third-order tensor) and second-order (correlation) statistics of bands, we define a new concept, named joint skewness, for multivariate data. Moreover, we also propose an easy-to-implement approach to estimate this index based on high-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). Based on the definition of joint skewness, we present an unsupervised band selection for small target detection for hyperspectral data, named joint skewness band selection (JSBS). The evaluation results demonstrate that the bands selected by JSBS are very effective in terms of small target detection.
Functional Age as an Indicator of Reservoir Senescence
Authors: Miranda L. E. , Krogman Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It has been conjectured that reservoirs differ in the rate at which they manifest senescence, but no attempt has been made to find an indicator of senescence that performs better than chronological age. We assembled an indicator of functional age by creating a multimetric scale consisting of 10 metrics descriptive of reservoir environments that were expected to change directionally with reservoir senescence. In a sample of 1,022 U.S. reservoirs, chronological age was not correlated with functional age. Functional age was directly related to percentage of cultivated land in the catchment and inversely related to reservoir depth. Moreover, aspects of reservoir fishing quality and fish population characteristics were related to functional age. A multimetric scale to indicate reservoir functional age presents the possibility for management intervention from multiple angles. If a reservoir is functionally aging at an accelerated rate, action may be taken to remedy the conditions contributing most to functional age. Intervention to reduce scores of selected metrics in the scale can potentially reduce the rate of senescence and increase the life expectancy of the reservoir. This leads to the intriguing implication that steps can be taken to reduce functional age and actually make the reservoir grow younger.
Se ha discutido que los reservorios se diferencian entre sí por la tasa a la cual manifiestan senescencia, sin embargo no ha habido esfuerzos para encontrar un indicador de senescencia que funcione mejor que la edad cronológica. Se construyó un indicador de edad funcional mediante una escala multimétrica que consiste en diez métricas descriptivas del ambiente de los reservorios que se previó que cambiaran de dirección a medida que aumenta la senescencia de los reservorios. En una muestra de 1,022 reservorios en los EE.UU., no se encontró correlación entre la edad cronológica y la edad funcional. La edad funcional estuvo directamente relacionada con el porcentaje de tierra cultivada y la capacidad de captación del reservorio, e inversamente relacionada con la profundidad de este. Más aún, algunos aspectos de la calidad para la pesca en el reservorio y características de las poblaciones de peces explotadas, también se relacionaron con la edad funcional. Una escala multimétrica como indicativo de la edad funcional de un reservorio presenta la posibilidad para intervenir en el manejo en varios frentes. Si un reservorio está envejeciendo en términos funcionales a una tasa acelerada, se pueden tomar acciones para remediar aquellas condiciones que más contribuyen con el envejecimiento funcional. La intervención dirigida a reducir las calificaciones sólo de métricas selectas puede potencialmente reducir la tasa de senescencia e incrementar la expectativa de vida del reservorio. Esto da pie a la curiosa implicación que es posible reducir la edad funcional de los reservorios y, de hecho, hacerlos más jóvenes.
Myths that Continue to Impede Progress in Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management
Authors: Patrick Wesley S. , Link Jason S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Ecosystem-based fisheries management has been perceived as something desirable but pragmatically unachievable due to several impediments identified earlier during its implementation phase. Over the years, many of these impediments have been resolved but not well communicated to stakeholders, managers, scientists, and policymakers. As a result, several past impediments to implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management have taken on a mythical status. Here we identify six common myths, address why they in fact no longer impede ecosystem-based fisheries management, and propose solutions for moving forward. We assert that these myths need not continue to exist and that improved approaches for fisheries are indeed feasible.
El manejo de pesquerías basado en el ecosistema se ha percibido como algo deseable, pero de manera pragmática imposible de lograr debido a ciertos impedimentos que fueron identificados durante la fase de implementación del enfoque. Al pasar de los años, muchos de estos impedimentos se han resuelto pero esto no se le ha comunicado a los interesados en los recursos, manejadores, científicos y funcionarios. Como resultado, muchos obstáculos del pasado que impedían implementar el manejo de pesquerías bajo un enfoque de ecosistema, han adquirido un estatus mítico. Aquí se identifican seis mitos comunes, se ahonda en las razones por cuales actualmente ya no son un obstáculo para este tipo de manejo y se proponen soluciones para avanzar al futuro. Se asevera que no es necesario que estos mitos sigan existiendo y que, de hecho, si son factibles nuevos enfoques para manejo de pesquerías.
What “1989”? A Rhetorical Rhumb on the Topic of Date
Authors: Salazar Philippe-Joseph 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This article follows a “rhumb” along four nonrhetorical observations on the concepts of date, moment, time, and semelfactive, and nine rhetorical theorems concerning “date” in relation to eidos, eugeneia, credibility, kairos, anagnôrisis, Innerzeitigkeit, evidence, différend, and the sublime, so as to explode our “idiocy” about the topic of date and to offer a rhetorical and phenomenological critique of “date.”
From Fish Soup to Fish Tank: Rhetoric, Politics, and Dialectic in the Polish Revolution of 1989
Authors: Ornatowski Cezar M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The article offers a rhetorical account of the “leap into politics” by the Polish Communist authorities that led to the political transition of 1989. In contrast to accounts of the transition focused on “dialogue” between the authorities and the opposition, this article examines the move toward dialogue from a dramatistic and dialectical perspective—that is, in terms of the shifting principles of motivation, changing rhetorical identities of the key actors, and associated transformations of terms that characterized the transition from a monocentric ideal of the state to a “political” one.
Playing It Again in Post-Communism: The Revolutionary Rhetoric of Viktor Orbán in Hungary
Authors: Szilágyi Anna , Bozóki András 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This longitudinal case study about the political rhetoric of Viktor Orbán—prime minister of Hungary between 1998 and 2002, and since 2010, respectively—demonstrates that the first, remarkable personal experiences in public communication may have a major impact (“imprinting”) on the future behavior of political actors. Orbán gave a memorably radical talk on June 16, 1989, urging Hungary’s democratic transition from Communism. The study uses critical discourse analysis and links it to media scholarship on live media events to show that Orbán became hostage of his own rhetoric and speech situation for the two decades that followed his 1989 entry.
The Rhetorical Contours of Pre- and Post-1989 China: A Genealogical, Ethical Study
Authors: Chou Senkou 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This article situates the extraordinary events of 1989 within the symbolic and politicoeconomic context of Reform-era China. It sees 1989 as a threshold moment for the political culture and a turning point for the collective ethos. The article argues that the vitalistic 1980s made for an ethical existence for the demos, culminating in the “poetics” of 1989, while the post-1989 era witnessed a homogenization of the Chinese ethical imaginary. The latter is the very exigency that drives this study. Drawing on the ethical understandings of Deleuze and Burke, the article calls for the return and fusion of the ethical and the political, and points to a reason for pietas toward the world and the demos. The article is informed by a genealogical understanding of history and a ritualistic-dramatistic understanding of political life. Its central concern is the retransformation of the soul of the Chinese people in the here and now.
Combining otolith microstructure and trace elemental analyses to infer the arrival of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna in the California current ecosystem
Authors: Baumann Hannes , Wells R. J. D. , Rooker Jay R. , Zhang Saijin , Baumann Zofia , Madigan Daniel J. , Dewar Heidi , Snodgrass Owyn E. , Fisher Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis) are known to migrate from western Pacific spawning grounds to their eastern Pacific nursery and feeding grounds in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), but the timing, durations, and fraction of the population that makes these migrations need to be better understood for improved management. To complement recent work focused on stable isotope and radiotracer approaches (“tracer toolbox”; Madigan et al., 2014) we explored the suitability of combining longitudinal analyses of otolith microstructure and trace elemental composition in age ∼1–2 PBT (n = 24, 66–76 cm curved fork length) for inferring the arrival of individuals in the CCLME. Element:Ca ratios in transverse otolith sections (9–12 rows, triplicate ablations from primordium to edge, ø50 μm) were quantified for eight elements: Li, Mg, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Ba, which was followed by microstructure analysis to provide age estimates corresponding to each ablation spot. Age estimates from otoliths ranged from 328 to 498 d post-hatch. The combined elemental signatures of four elements (Ba, Mg, Co, Cu) showed a significant increase at the otolith edge in approximately half of the individuals (30–60 d before catch). Given the different oceanographic properties of oligotrophic open Pacific vs. high nutrient, upwelling CCLME waters, this signal is consistent with the entry of the fish into the CCLME, which was estimated to occur primarily in July after a transoceanic migration of ∼1.5–2.0 months. Our approach comprises a useful addition to the available tracer toolbox and can provide additional and complementary understanding of trans-Pacific migration patterns in PBT.
Simulation of population development in the predator-prey system under changing conditions of interaction
Authors: Tetearing Alexandr N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe numerical models of populations behaviour, simulated under changing condition of populations interaction (the hungry or full-fed populations, the existence of persons in the personal areas or in the common territory), demonstrate the increase, reduction or damping of oscillations amplitude, that corresponds qualitatively to known experimental data, obtained for real population of bacteria.
An integrative somatic mutation analysis to identify pathways linked with survival outcomes across 19 cancer types
Authors: Park Sunho , Kim Seung-Jun , Yu Donghyeon , Pena-Llopis Samuel , Gao Jianjiong , Park Jin Suk , Tang Hao , Chen Beibei , Kim Jiwoong , Norris Jessie , Wang Xinlei , Chen Min , Kim Minsoo , Yong Jeongsik , WarDak Zabi , Choe Kevin S , Story Michael , Starr Timothy K. , Cheong Jaeho , Hwang Tae Hyun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIdentification of altered pathways that are clinically relevant across human cancers is a key challenge in cancer genomics. We developed a network-based algorithm to integrate somatic mutation data with gene networks and pathways, in order to identify pathways altered by somatic mutations across cancers. We applied our approach to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset of somatic mutations in 4,790 cancer patients with 19 different types of malignancies. Our analysis identified cancer-type-specific altered pathways enriched with known cancer-relevant genes and drug targets. Consensus clustering using gene expression datasets that included 4,870 patients from TCGA and multiple independent cohorts confirmed that the altered pathways could be used to stratify patients into subgroups with significantly different clinical outcomes. Of particular significance, certain patient subpopulations with poor prognosis were identified because they had specific altered pathways for which there are available targeted therapies. These findings could be used to tailor and intensify therapy in these patients, for whom current therapy is suboptimal.
Genome of octoploid plant maca (Lepidium meyenii) illuminates genomic basis for high altitude adaptation in the central Andes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tian Yang , Yan Liang , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Xiao , Zeng Yan , Zhang Jiajin , Ma Xiao , Tan Yuntao , Long Ni , Wang Yangzi , Ma Yujin , Xue Yu , Hao Shumei , Yang Shengchao , Wang Wen , Zhang Liangsheng , Dong Yang , Chen Wei , Sheng Jun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMaca (Lepidium meyeniiWalp, 2n = 8× = 64) of Brassicaceae family is an Andean economic plant cultivated on the 4000-4500 meters central sierra in Peru. Considering the rapid uplift of central Andes occurred 5 to 10 million years ago (Mya), an evolutionary question arises on how plants like maca acquire high altitude adaptation within short geological period. Here, we report the high-quality genome assembly of maca, in which two close-spaced maca-specific whole genome duplications (WGDs, ∼ 6.7 Mya) were identified. Comparative genomics between maca and close-related Brassicaceae species revealed expansions of maca genes and gene families involved in abiotic stress response, hormone signaling pathway and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via WGDs. Retention and subsequent evolution of many duplicated genes may account for the morphological and physiological changes (i.e. small leaf shape and loss of vernalization) in maca for high altitude environment. Additionally, some duplicated maca genes under positive selection were identified with functions in morphological adaptation (i.e.MYB59) and development (i.e.GDPD5andHDA9). Collectively, the octoploid maca genome sheds light on the important roles of WGDs in plant high altitude adaptation in the Andes.
A surface model using the eccentric shell and multi-point constraint for warpage prediction of plastics
Authors: Zhang Shi , Zhang Yun , Shi Songxin , Huang Zhigao , Zhou Huamin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new surface model combining the eccentric shell with multi-point constraint (MPC) for warpage prediction of injection molded plastics.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, three benchmark tests and a practical example are implemented to evaluate the performance of the new surface model and existing models.

Findings
– The results demonstrate that the proposed model could give satisfactory solutions and has advantages over the existing models.

Practical implications
– More precisely predicted warpage field for injection molded plastics can be achieved with the purposed model, such as that in the practical case.

Originality/value
– The surface models are efficient and still popular for practical injection molding analysis. However, the existing models for warpage prediction cannot properly represent the true strain energy and obey material continuity assumption, and also they have not been assessed rigorously by benchmark tests. To overcome above-mentioned difficulty, a new surface model is proposed, which employs the eccentric shell without shear factor and MPC equation that ensuring material continuity. The results from experiment illustrate that the new model is superior to existing models.
A fictitious crack XFEM with two new solution algorithms for cohesive crack growth modeling in concrete structures
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Bui Tinh Quoc 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to achieve numerical simulation of cohesive crack growth in concrete structures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The extended finite element method (XFEM) using four-node quadrilateral element associated with the fictitious cohesive crack model is used. A mixed-mode traction-separation law is assumed for the cohesive crack in the fracture process zone (FPZ). Enrichments are considered for both partly and fully cracked elements, and it thus makes the evolution of crack to any location inside the element possible. In all. two new solution procedures based on Newton-Raphson method, which differ from the approach suggested by Zi and Belytschko (2003), are presented to solve the nonlinear system of equations. The present formulation results in a symmetric tangent matrix, conveniently in finite element implementation and programming.

Findings
– The inconvenience in solving the inversion of an unsymmetrical Jacobian matrix encountered in the existing approach is avoided. Numerical results evidently confirm the accuracy of the proposed approach. It is concluded that the developed XFEM approach is especially suitable in simulating cohesive crack growth in concrete structures.

Research limitations/implications
– Multiple cracks and crack growth in reinforced concretes should be considered in further studies.

Practical implications
– The research paper presents a very useful and accurate numerical method for engineering application problems that has ability to numerically simulate the cohesive crack growth of concrete structures.

Originality/value
– The research paper provides a new numerical approach using two new solution procedures in solving nonlinear system of equations for cohesive crack growth in concrete structures that is very convenient in programming and implementation.