bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of sphincter electromyography and sacral reflex studies in women with cauda equina lesions
Authors: Podnar Simon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsSacral neurophysiologic studies have demonstrated their utility in men with suspected neurogenic sacral dysfunction. However, no similar studies have been performed in women. The present study aimed to test the utility of sacral neurophysiologic assessment in women with chronic cauda equina lesions.MethodsTwenty‐four women with clinical and radiological signs supportive of chronic cauda equina lesions, and a group of 60 control women without clinical symptoms or signs of sacral neuropathic lesion were included. Clinical examination, including testing of saddle sensation, and neurophysiologic testing, including quantitative anal sphincter EMG and clitoro‐cavernosus reflex testing (on single and double electrical, and mechanical stimulation), were performed on each side separately. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated.ResultsRespective sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were 63%, 92%, 83%, and 86% for quantitative anal sphincter EMG, 92–96%, 67–80%, 52–59%, and 95–96% for neurophysiologic testing of the clitoro‐cavernosus reflex (using different stimulation techniques), and 96–100%, 62–75%, 50–55%, and 97–98% for their combinations.ConclusionsThis study complements previous reports in men supporting the clinical utility of an neurophysiologic protocol that includes both quantitative anal sphincter EMG and sacral reflex studies for assessment of patients with suspected peripheral sacral lesions. Very high sensitivity and negative predictive value confirm high utility of sacral neurophysiologic studies in confirmation and exclusion of sacral neuropathic lesion. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:426–430, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Diet and Exercise Training‐Induced Weight Loss on Myocardial Mechanics in Severely Obese Adolescents
Authors: Obert Philippe , Gueugnon Carine , Nottin Stéphane , Vinet Agnes , Gayrard Sandrine , Rupp Thomas , Dumoulin Gilles , Tordi Nicolas , Mougin Fabienne 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveRecent findings indicated silent incipient myocardial dysfunction in juvenile obesity despite normal global cardiac function. The present study investigated whether lifestyle intervention is able to favorably impact these obesity‐related myocardial abnormalities and whether improvements are related to changes in insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling.Design and MethodsTwenty‐eight severe obese adolescents (OB) participated in a 9 month lifestyle intervention program (LIP) based on aerobic exercise and diet. Twenty healthy adolescents (CG) served as controls. Conventional echocardiography and myocardial mechanics were obtained at baseline and follow‐up along with insulin resistance.ResultsInsulin sensitivity improved (P < 0.001) and body weight decreased (P < 0.001) consecutive to LIP. At baseline, OB had depressed longitudinal (L) strain (CG: −18.3 ± 2.6, OB: −14.2 ± 3.6%, P < 0.001) and enhanced twist compared to controls. The LIP in OB restored L strain to normal values (−16.9 ± 3.5%, NS), whereas it did not affect twist mechanics. From stepwise multiple regression analysis, only baseline L strain and changes in BMI Z‐score (r2‐adjusted = 0.49, P < 0.001) emerged as independent predictors of L strain changes.ConclusionsJuvenile obesity is associated with myocardial mechanic abnormalities that can be partly corrected by lifestyle intervention. Restoration of longitudinal myocardial function occurs in the absence of left ventricular remodeling changes and is not associated with insulin resistance improvements.
Fabrication and analysis of multijunction solar cells with a quantum dot (In)GaAs junction
Authors: Kerestes Christopher , Polly Stephen , Forbes David , Bailey Christopher , Podell Adam , Spann John , Patel Pravin , Richards Benjamin , Sharps Paul , Hubbard Seth 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTInAs quantum dots (QDs) have been incorporated to bandgap engineer the (In)GaAs junction of (In)GaAs/Ge double‐junction solar cells and InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cells on 4‐in. wafers. One sun AM0 current–voltage measurement shows consistent performance across the wafer. Quantum efficiency analysis shows similar aforementioned bandgap performance of baseline and QD solar cells, whereas integrated sub‐band gap current of 10 InAs QD layers shows a gain of 0.20 mA/cm2. Comparing QD double‐junction solar cells and QD triple‐junction solar cells to baseline structures shows that the (In)GaAs junction has a Voc loss of 50 mV and the InGaP 70 mV. Transmission electron microscopy imaging does not reveal defective material and shows a buried QD density of 1011 cm−2, which is consistent with the density of QDs measured on the surface of a test structure. Although slightly lower in efficiency, the QD solar cells have uniform performance across 4‐in. wafers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Zhang Ye , Li Weiyan , Liu Jian , Li Yun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane could attenuate cerebral neuron necrosis and apoptosis in ischemia–reperfusion models in rats. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of preconditioning with sevoflurane on spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats and its potential mechanisms. Focal cerebral ischemia was performed via 1 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Before ischemia, rats were subjected to preconditioning with inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 1 h. The spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured by the Morris water maze. The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampus CA1 region was observed by immunohistochemistry method. We found MCAO elicited a significant decrease of the ability of spatial learning and memory in contrast to the sham surgery controls. However, preconditioning with sevoflurane resulted in significantly ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit induced by MCAO. Furthermore, the number of ChAT positive cells in hippocampus CA1 region in sevoflurane preconditioning group was striking more than that of ischemia–reperfusion group. All results suggested that preconditioning with 2.4% sevoflurane could ameliorate the ability of spatial learning and memory after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats via protecting the cholinergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.
Evolutionary consumer psychology: Ask not what you can do for biology, but…
Authors: Kenrick Douglas T. , Saad Gad , Griskevicius Vladas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe commentaries raise questions about modularity, and about the evidence required to establish evolutionary influences on behavior. We briefly discuss evidence leading evolutionary psychologists to assume that human choices reflect evolutionary influences, and to assume some degree of modularity in human information processing. An evolutionary perspective is based on a multidisciplinary nomological network of evidence, and results of particular experiments are only one part of that network. The precise nature of, and number of, information processing systems, is an empirical question. Consumer psychologists need not retrain as biologists to profit from using insights and findings from evolutionary biology to generate new hypotheses, and to contribute novel insights and findings to the emerging nomological network of modern evolutionary science.
Current status of cardiac resynchronization therapy device optimization in Japan
Authors: Doi Kentaro , Noda Takashi , Yoshida Kentaro , Yamasaki Hiro , Sekiguchi Yukio , Kamakura Shiro , Shimizu Wataru , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is known to be effective for patients with heart failure. However, despite data suggesting that routine atrioventricular (AV) and interventricular (VV) delay optimization may play significant roles in CRT, there is no standard on how and when the CRT device should be optimized. The aim of this study was to characterize the current practice of CRT optimization in Japan.MethodsA survey was conducted to collect information on the procedural aspects of AV and VV delay optimization. The key survey items concerned what method is used for optimization, when optimization is performed, and what factors limit repetitive optimization.ResultsFifty‐two physicians participated in the survey. Echocardiography was the chosen method for assessing AV and VV delays by 79.6% and 65.3% of physicians, respectively, and routine optimization was performed by 28.3%. The majority optimized the settings only once at pre‐hospital discharge or on an “as‐needed” basis. The factors limiting repeated optimization were the lack of available time (71.2%), qualified staff (53.8%), and reliable methods (55.8%).ConclusionsRepetitive CRT optimization is infrequently performed in Japan. Lack of time, human resource, and reliable methods were the major factors affecting the number of routine CRT optimization.
Biological Reference Points for the Nutritional Status of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass
Authors: Jacobs John M. , Harrell Reginal M. , Uphoff Jim , Townsend Howard , Hartman Kyle 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The assessment of the nutritional status of fish is a central requirement of fisheries management. However, there has been little consensus on the appropriate indicator to use, and even less effort toward defining biological thresholds and reference points. With current efforts to manage fisheries in an ecosystem context, environmental effects and trophic relationships need to be considered and appropriate indicators developed. To address this concern, we compiled five different studies in which multiple indicators of nutritional status were applied to Striped Bass Morone saxatilis of different age-classes, geographical origins, and environments (cultured and wild). Proximate composition analysis was used to compare measured lipid concentrations in the anterior dorsal muscle against selected indicators, including Fulton's condition factor, relative weight, percent moisture, and an index of visceral body fat. The results suggest that weight-at-length indices are less sensitive than proximate analysis and poorly related to lipid concentration. However, models developed for both moisture and the body fat index adequately represent tissue lipids and offer clear thresholds of lipid depletion. We propose the use of the proportion of Striped Bass with anterior dorsal muscle composed of more than 80% moisture, or classified as having no observable visceral body fat, as a working protocol for thresholds of poor condition in ecosystem approaches to Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass management. Further, based on historical data we propose an interim target condition of 75% of individuals containing less than 80% moisture as a management goal.
Received May 3, 2011; accepted December 19, 2012
Effectiveness of Three Compounds to Anesthetize Rainbow Trout during PIT Tag Implantation Surgery
Authors: Davis Jacob L. , Barnes Michael E. , Wilhite Jerry W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of two potential zero-withdrawal anesthetics, Benzoak (20% benzocaine; 50, 60, and 75 mg/L) and Aqui-SE (50% eugenol; 50, 60, and 75 mg/L) compared with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; 55, 80, and 100 mg/L), to anesthetize Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for PIT tag implantation surgery. In general, higher doses resulted in faster induction time to stage 4 anesthesia (defined by the cessation of reflex activity). At 204 s, the time to stage 4 anesthesia was slowest using MS-222 at 55 mg/L, followed by 50 mg/L of either Benzoak and Aqui-SE, which in turn were significantly slower to induce this level of anesthesia than were Benzoak or Aqui-SE at 60 or 75 mg/L or MS-222 at 80 mg/L. At 100 mg/L, MS-222 had the quickest time, 57 s, to stage 4 anesthesia. Time to recovery was longest for Rainbow Trout exposed to any concentration of Aqui-SE and shortest for MS-222, and recovery times from Benzoak were intermediate. Although Rainbow Trout length and weight varied significantly among the treatments, time to anesthesia and recovery were more dependent on the anesthetic and concentration used. In our opinion, doses of either Benzoak or Aqui-SE of greater than 60 mg/L will induce rapid anesthesia and provide relatively quick recovery times for adult Rainbow Trout.
Received July 27, 2012; accepted January 10, 2013
Hydrilla Management in Piedmont Reservoirs Using Herbicides and Triploid Grass Carp: A Case Study
Authors: Manuel Kenneth L. , Kirk James P. , Barwick D. Hugh , Bowen Tommy W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We developed a three-step management strategy for hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata in five Piedmont reservoirs operated by Duke Energy Corporation. This strategy involves (1) early detection of hydrilla, (2) use of registered herbicides for plant suppression along with stocking 20 triploid Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella per surface acre of infestation, and (3) maintenance stocking of triploid Grass Carp to prevent hydrilla regrowth from tubers. Following this strategy, hydrilla in the water column was eliminated within one calendar year after Grass Carp introduction in four out of five reservoirs. This suggests that integrating herbicide applications with stocking Grass Carp largely eliminates the multiyear lag effect normally associated with using Grass Carp alone. A maintenance density of at least one triploid Grass Carp per eight surface acres of the reservoir prevented hydrilla regrowth except for a brief and minor reinfestation in one of five study reservoirs. This management approach proved successful when hydrilla coverage was as little as 1–3% of the reservoir's surface area. Detecting and controlling hydrilla early during the infestation should reduce the cost of management and perhaps minimize some adverse effects associated with the introduction and use of triploid Grass Carp.
Received November 14, 2012; accepted January 15, 2013
Capture Efficiency of Barbed versus Barbless Artificial Flies for Trout
Authors: Bloom Roger K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
I examined the capture efficiency of artificial flies fished with barbed and barbless hooks in various coldwater fisheries throughout California. Capture efficiency was defined as the proportion of trout (family Salmonidae) landed to the total number of trout hooked while angling. Waters were selected based on high catch per unit effort along with trout species present in an effort to increase the probability of encounters and the species represented. Artificial flies were standardized by J-style hooks and three artificial fly types (dry, nymph, and streamer). In an effort to reduce bias, anglers were not told what hook type (i.e., barbed or barbless) they were using and were not allowed to handle or visually inspect flies. A total of 1,617 trout were landed with a mean total length of 213 mm and a range of 64–660 mm. Mean capture efficiency (and ranges) was 76% (38–100%) for anglers using barbed flies and 63% (0–100%) for anglers using barbless flies. Results show that anglers using barbless flies landed proportionately less trout than when they used barbed flies. Fisheries managers must weigh any perceived benefits from barbless regulations with potential reductions in catch rates and associated angler satisfaction.
Received May 24, 2012; accepted January 17, 2013
Utility of Restrictive Harvest Regulations for Trophy Largemouth Bass Management
Authors: Dotson Jason R. , Allen Micheal S. , Kerns Janice A. , Pouder William F. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Trophy-size fish are a critical component of recreational Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus fisheries; therefore, many agencies have prioritized management actions to improve catches of large fish. Length-based harvest regulations are commonly used to increase the abundance of trophy-size fish, but the rarity of large fish in sampling programs makes it difficult to use field data to evaluate the effectiveness of those regulations. We used an age-structured simulation model parameterized for a trophy Largemouth Bass fishery to evaluate the potential for a range of size limits to increase abundance and angler catches of trophy Largemouth Bass (&gt;610 mm TL). We compiled creel information from four Florida lakes with varying harvest regulations that were known to have high-quality trophy fisheries in order to assess the performance of the model. Model results were scaled to represent trips per trophy catch for a range of size limits. The model predicted that the average number of angler trips required to catch a trophy fish were expected to decline from 83 under a 350-mm minimum length limit (e.g., baseline model that represents the standard length limit in the peninsula of Florida) to 47 for a 600-mm minimum length limit if exploitation rates were 0.2. Maximum size limits and protective slot limits also showed potential to substantially improve trophy catches. The model results and creel estimates showed similar trends for the predicted number of angler trips required to catch a trophy fish on lakes managed for trophy Largemouth Bass in Florida. Our model could be combined with fish population data to forecast the effectiveness of regulation changes on trophy fish catches. This could provide insight into trophy fisheries, where field measurements of trophy abundance and angler catches are difficult to obtain with traditional sampling programs.
Received August 31, 2012; accepted January 17, 2013
Spatial Consistency of Chinook Salmon Redd Distribution within and among Years in the Cowlitz River, Washington
Authors: Klett Katherine J. C. , Torgersen Christian E. , Henning Julie A. , Murray Christopher J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We investigated the spawning patterns of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha on the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, using a unique set of fine- and coarse-scale temporal and spatial data collected during biweekly aerial surveys conducted in 1991–2009 (500 m to 28 km resolution) and 2008–2009 (100–500 m resolution). Redd locations were mapped from a helicopter during 2008 and 2009 with a hand-held GPS synchronized with in-flight audio recordings. We examined spatial patterns of Chinook Salmon redd reoccupation among and within years in relation to segment-scale geomorphic features. Chinook Salmon spawned in the same sections each year with little variation among years. On a coarse scale, 5 years (1993, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2009) were compared for reoccupation. Redd locations were highly correlated among years. Comparisons on a fine scale (500 m) between 2008 and 2009 also revealed a high degree of consistency among redd locations. On a finer temporal scale, we observed that Chinook Salmon spawned in the same sections during the first and last week. Redds were clustered in both 2008 and 2009. Regression analysis with a generalized linear model at the 500-m scale indicated that river kilometer and channel bifurcation were positively associated with redd density, whereas sinuosity was negatively associated with redd density. Collecting data on specific redd locations with a GPS during aerial surveys was logistically feasible and cost effective and greatly enhanced the spatial precision of Chinook Salmon spawning surveys.
Received August 10, 2012; accepted February 14, 2013
Comparison of GHG‐Emission Indicators for Dairy Farms with Respect to Induced Abatement Costs, Accuracy, and Feasibility
Authors: Lengers Bernd , Britz Wolfgang , Holm‐Müller Karin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is broad debate about including agriculture in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction efforts such as the European Emissions Trading Scheme. Since most agricultural GHG emissions originate from non‐point sources, they cannot be directly measured, and therefore have to be derived by calculation schemes (indicators). We designed five such GHG indicators for dairy farms and analyzed the trade‐offs between their feasibility, measurement accuracy, and level of induced abatement costs. Analyses of induced abatement costs and calculation accuracy are based on emission reduction simulations with a highly‐detailed single‐farm optimization model. Feasibility is discussed in a qualitative manner. Our results indicate that the trade‐offs depend on both farm characteristics and the targeted reduction level. In particular, the advantages of detailed indicators decrease for higher abatement levels. Only the least feasible indicator led to abatement costs that would result in emission efforts at given prices in the European Emissions Trading Scheme, although with a rather small potential. Our results thus suggest little potential for including dairy production into market‐based reduction policies.
Combining size and shape in weak lensing
Authors: Heavens Alan , Alsing Justin , Jaffe Andrew H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Weak lensing alters the size of images with a similar magnitude to the distortion due to shear. Galaxy size probes the convergence field and shapes the shear field, both of which contain cosmological information. We show the gains expected in the dark energy figure of merit if galaxy size information is used in combination with galaxy shape. In any normal analysis of cosmic shear, galaxy sizes are also studied, so this is extra statistical information that comes for free and is currently unused. There are two main results in this Letter: first, we show that size measurement can be made uncorrelated with ellipticity measurement, thus allowing the full statistical gain from the combination, provided that √area is used as a size indicator; secondly, as a proof of concept, we show that when the relevant modes are noise dominated, as is the norm for lensing surveys, the gains are substantial, with improvements of about 68 per cent in the figure of merit expected when systematic errors are ignored. An approximate treatment of such systematics such as intrinsic alignments and size–magnitude correlations, respectively, suggests that a much better improvement in the dark energy figure of merit of even a factor of ∼4 may be achieved.