bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorhexidine gluconate versus povidone-iodine for nasal bacteria decolonization before transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial
Authors: Qian Jinyu , Lin Jie , Liu Jin , Gong Yali , Zheng Shufang , Mei Lu , Tang Xin , Xie Lina , Li Hong , Zhang Chao , Wang Feilong , Yang Xue , Hu Rong , Feng Hua , Xian Jishu , Tan Binbin , Chen Yujie 
Published: August 2024

Background:
This study aimed to compare the nasal decolonization efficacy and comfort between chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PVP) to provide an evidence basis for clinical guidance.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, noninferior clinical trial was conducted in 174 patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) who were scheduled to undergo transsphenoidal surgery. The noninferiority margin was δ=−0.1. The primary outcome was the effective rate of disinfection. The secondary outcomes included postoperative inflammatory indicators, the intracranial infection rate, and the proportion of intracranial infection.

Results:
The effective clearance rate of postoperative nasal bacteria was nonsignificantly different between the CHG and PVP groups (88.64% vs. 82.56%; between-group difference 6.10%; 95% CI [−5.30 to 17.50]). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative central nervous system infections or serum inflammation-related indications between the two groups, but sterilization tended to occur quicker and last longer in the CHG group. CHG seemed to have advantages in terms of comfort, including less nasal irritation, less pungency, and better intranasal coloration.

Conclusion:
CHG and PVP have equal efficacy in nasal decolonization before transsphenoidal surgery, but CHG seems to have comfort-related advantages in terms of less nasal irritation, less pungency, and better intranasal coloration.
Ultrasound-Guided Hematoma Block for Distal Forearm Fracture Reduction in Adolescent With History of Difficult Airway
Authors: Gawel Richard J. , Chen Aaron E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Distal forearm fractures are frequently encountered in the pediatric emergency department and often require reduction. Procedural sedation is commonly used to facilitate reduction of these injuries, although it can be associated with potentially severe complications, particularly in patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities. The ultrasound-guided hematoma block has been gaining popularity as an analgesic alternative in adult patients, but literature supporting its use in pediatric patients is limited. We describe a point-of-care ultrasound-guided hematoma block used to facilitate successful reduction of a distal radius fracture in an adolescent patient with a history of a difficult airway for whom procedural sedation would have posed considerable risk.
Prevalence and Correlates of Frailty Among Older People With and Without HIV in Rural Uganda
Authors: Mbabazi Phoebe , Chen Geoffrey , Ritchie Christine S. , Tsai Alexander C. , Reynolds Zahra , Paul Robert , Seeley Janet , Tong Yao , Hoeppner Susanne , Okello Samson , Nakasujja Noeline , Olivieri-Mui Brianne , Tanner Jeremy A. , Saylor Deanna , Asiimwe Stephen , Siedner Mark J. , Greene Meredith 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The relationship between HIV and frailty, a predictor of poor outcomes in the face of stressors, remains unknown in older people in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the Quality of Life and Ageing with HIV in Rural Uganda cohort study to estimate the prevalence and correlates of frailty among older people with HIV (PWH) on long-term antiretroviral therapy and among age- and sex-matched HIV-uninfected comparators. Frailty was defined as a self-report of 3 or 4 (and pre-frailty as 1 or 2) of the following phenotypic variables: weight loss, exhaustion, low activity, and slowness. We estimated the prevalence of frailty and prefrailty and fitted logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and frailty, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression, and other comorbidities.

Results:
We enrolled 599 participants (49% women) with a mean age of 58 years. PWH had a similar prevalence of frailty (8.1% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.24) but a lower prevalence of prefrailty (54.2% vs. 63.2%, P = 0.03) compared with their HIV-uninfected comparators. In multivariable regression models, people with depression [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.52 (95% CI: 3.67 to 15.40), P < 0.001] and those with ≥1 comorbidities [AOR 3.15 (95% CI: 1.71 to 3.82), P < 0.001] were more likely to be frail. HIV serostatus was not significantly associated with frailty [AOR 0.71 (95% CI: 0.37 to 1.34), P = 0.29].

Conclusions:
Older PWH had a similar prevalence of frailty as those without HIV. These findings call for additional study of the factors that contribute to the robustness of older PWH in sub-Saharan Africa.
Brief Report: Antiretroviral Treatment Use Over Time Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, 2011–2020
Authors: Kreniske Philip , Nalugoda Fred , Chen Ivy , Parate Neha , Wei Ying , Chang Larry W. , Ssekubugu Robert , Lutalo Tom , Kigozi Godfrey , Kagaayi Joseph , Sewankambo Nelson , Grabowski M. Kate , Nakigozi Gertrude , Serwadda David , Hoffman Susie , Santelli John 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In sub-Saharan Africa, pediatric and adult treatment programs have not met the needs of youth living with HIV (15–24 years), whose enrollment in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs is much lower than that of adults. To inform targeted interventions, we analyzed factors associated with ART use among youth in Uganda.

Methods:
Data were from 42 communities between 2011 and 2020 (5 survey rounds) from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open, population-based cohort. Among youth, we assessed trends in ART use over time and demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors associated with ART use.

Results:
Youth (N = 1518) contributed 2101 person-visits. ART coverage increased over time with 8% of men and 11% of women on ART in 2011–2013 and 45% and 68%, respectively, on ART in 2018–2020 (AORwomen vs. men=2.57; 95% CI: 1.72 to 3.84). Youth with 2 or more sexual partners compared with youth with 0–1 sexual partner were less likely to be on ART (men AOR = 0.40; 0.19–0.82; women AOR = 0.54; 0.41–0.72). Youth who reported consistent condom use were more likely to be on ART (men AOR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.14 to 7.57; women AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.88).

Conclusions:
In this longitudinal study, ART use among youth increased over time, yet at 63% remained well below UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals, thus depriving many of lifesaving treatment. Those engaging in fewer protective sexual behaviors had lower ART use, thus further increasing risk of future HIV transmission. Targeted efforts are needed to ensure rapid initiation of ART and continued engagement among this vulnerable population.
PrEP in the key population community: a qualitative study of perspectives on pre-exposure prophylaxis by men who have sex with men and female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Ross Jonathan , Gasana Josephine , Zotova Natalia , Ndabakuranye Giovanni , Mabano Fabiola , Ingabire Charles , Adedimeji Adebola , Murenzi Gad , Patel Viraj V. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) are increasingly and disproportionately impacted by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, yet current PrEP care models in this region are not optimized for these communities. Limited data exist describing experiences and preferences of MSM and FSW with respect to accessing and using PrEP.MethodsWe conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with MSM and FSW recruited from three health centers and seven community organizations in Kigali, Rwanda. Data were analyzed using a mixed deductive and inductive approach to describe key themes related to initiating and adhering to PrEP.ResultsParticipants included 18 MSM and 14 FSW; 12 were using PrEP at the time of interview, 9 had previously used PrEP, and 11 had never used it. Participants highlighted the central role of their social networks as key sources of information about and support for PrEP use, and described a strong motivation to use PrEP as a way to protect both themselves and their communities from HIV. While stigma and discrimination were pervasive, these were experienced differently by MSM and FSW. Participants suggested community access points that allowed more discreet and less frequent contact with health care workers as important and desired strategies to improve engagement.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that leveraging community resources for disseminating information about HIV prevention and delivering PrEP could contribute to successful implementation of PrEP for MSM and FSW in Rwanda and other settings in SSA.
Class II Kinesin-12 facilitates cell plate formation by transporting cell plate materials in the phragmoplast
Authors: Yamada Moé , Matsuyama Hironori J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCell plate formation in plants is a complex process orchestrated by the targeted delivery of Golgi-derived and endosomal vesicles containing cell plate components to the phragmoplast midzone. It has long been hypothesised that vesicles are directionally transported along phragmoplast microtubules by motor proteins. However, the mechanisms governing the accumulation and immobilisation of vesicles at the phragmoplast midzone remain elusive, and the motor protein responsible has yet to be identified. Here, we show that the plant-specific class II Kinesin-12 (Kinesin12-II) functions as a motor protein that drives vesicle transport towards the phragmoplast midzone in the mossPhyscomitrium patens. Inkinesin12-IImutants, the directional movement of cell plate materials towards the midzone and their retention were abolished, resulting in delayed cell plate formation and phragmoplast disassembly. A macroscopic phenotype arising fromKinesin12-IIdisruption was the impediment to gametophore development. We showed that this defect was attributable to the production of aneuploid cells in the early gametophore, where chromosome missegregation occurred because of the incomplete disassembly of phragmoplast microtubules in the preceding cell cycle. These findings suggest that plant Kinesin-12 has evolved to acquire a unique and critical function that facilitates cell plate formation in the presence of phragmoplasts.
Neural Oscillation Features of ADHD Symptoms in Children: EEG Evidence from Resting State and Oddball Task
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Yu Shuting , Cui Xiaobing , Li Xuebing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study examined resting-state and event-related neural oscillations associated with ADHD symptoms in children aged 6-12. 77 children were assessed using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) and EEG during resting-state. A group of these children also completed a classic visual oddball task. Key findings include increased relative delta activity at left parietal electrodes during eyes-open and decreased relative theta activity at left posterior electrodes during eyes-closed, both associated with poor attention. Increased beta activity at right parieto-occipital electrodes during eyes-open and increased alpha activity at bilateral posterior electrodes during eyes-closed were associated with poor response control. In addition, the power of the P3 component was negatively correlated with attention across most frequency bands and conditions, except for delta power in the standard condition. Furthermore, combining multiple metrics, especially resting-state EEG oscillations, event-related oscillations, and parental ratings, provided a more robust prediction. The current study identified important brain regions and frequency bands related to ADHD symptoms, offering new insights for multi-metric prediction and clinical guidance.
Perturbation ofde novolipogenesis hinders MERS-CoV assembly and release, but not the biogenesis of viral replication organelles
Authors: Soultsioti M. , de Jong A.W.M. , Blomberg N. , Tas A. , Giera M. , Snijder E. J. , Barcena M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses hijack host cell metabolic pathways and resources to support their replication. They induce extensive host endomembrane remodeling to generate viral replication organelles and exploit host membranes for assembly and budding of their enveloped progeny virions. Because of the overall significance of host membranes, we sought to gain insight into the role of host factors involved in lipid metabolism in cells infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We employed a single-cycle infection approach in combination with pharmacological inhibitors, biochemical assays, lipidomics, light and electron microscopy. Pharmacological inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), key host factors inde novofatty acid biosynthesis, led to pronounced inhibition of MERS-CoV particle release. Inhibition of ACC led to a profound metabolic switch in Huh7 cells, altering their lipidomic profile and inducing lipolysis. However, despite the extensive changes induced by the ACC inhibitor, the biogenesis of viral replication organelles remained unaffected. Instead, ACC inhibition appeared to affect the trafficking and post-translational modifications of the MERS-CoV envelope proteins. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of nucleocapsids in early budding stages, indicating that MERS-CoV assembly is adversely impacted by ACC inhibition. Notably, inhibition of palmitoylation resulted in similar effects, while supplementation of exogenous palmitic acid reversed the compound’s inhibitory effects, possibly reflecting a crucial need for palmitoylation of the MERS-CoV Spike and Envelope proteins for their role in virus particle assembly.ImportanceMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the etiological agent of a zoonotic respiratory disease of limited transmissibility between humans. However, MERS-CoV is still considered a high-priority pathogen and is closely monitored by WHO due to its high lethality rate of around 35% of laboratory-confirmed infections. Like other positive-strand RNA viruses, MERS-CoV relies on the host cell’s endomembranes to support various stages of its replication cycle. However, in spite of this general reliance of MERS-CoV replication on host cell lipid metabolism, mechanistic insights are still very limited. In our study, we show that pharmacological inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a key enzyme in the host cell’s fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, significantly disrupts MERS-CoV particle assembly without exerting a negative effect on the biogenesis of viral replication organelles. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential of ACC as a target for the development of host-directed antiviral therapeutics against coronaviruses.
Cell Geometry and Membrane Protein Crowding Constrain Growth Rate, Overflow Metabolism, Respiration, and Maintenance Energy
Authors: Carlson Ross P. , Beck Ashley E. , Benitez Mauricio Garcia , Harcombe William R. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Gedeon Tomáš 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA metabolic theory is presented for predicting maximum growth rate, overflow metabolism, respiration efficiency, and maintenance energy flux based on the intersection of cell geometry, membrane protein crowding, and metabolism. The importance of cytosolic macromolecular crowding on phenotype has been established in the literature but the importance of surface area has been largely overlooked due to incomplete knowledge of membrane properties. We demonstrate that the capacity of the membrane to host proteins increases with growth rate offsetting decreases in surface area-to-volume ratios (SA:V). This increase in membrane protein is hypothesized to be essential to competitiveEscherichia coliphenotypes. The presented membrane-centric theory uses biophysical properties and metabolic systems analysis to successfully predict the phenotypes ofE. coliK-12 strains, MG1655 and NCM3722, which are genetically similar but have SA:V ratios that differ up to 30%, maximum growth rates on glucose media that differ by 40%, and overflow phenotypes that start at growth rates that differ by 80%. These analyses did not consider cytosolic macromolecular crowding, highlighting the distinct properties of the presented theory. Cell geometry and membrane protein crowding are significant biophysical constraints on phenotype and provide a theoretical framework for improved understanding and control of cell biology.
Camp Dream. Speak. Live.: A Virtual Adaptation
Authors: Byrd Courtney T. , Coalson Geoffrey A. , Werle Danielle , Croft Robyn , Winters Katie L. , Young Megan M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a virtual adaptation of the administration of Camp Dream. Speak. Live., an intensive, non-ableist manualized treatment program for children who stutter, with no indirect or direct fluency goals, in reducing the adverse impact of stuttering and increasing communication competence.MethodsSixty-one children who stutter participated in Virtual Camp Dream. Speak. Live. Pre- and post-treatment measures were identical to previous in-person administrations: (1) self- and caregiver-report of cognitive and affective impact of stuttering (Communication Attitude Test for Children who Stutter[KiddyCAT/CAT],Overall Assessment of Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering[OASES],PROMIS Pediatric Peer Relationship,andPROMIS Parent Proxy Relationships), and (2) unfamiliar clinician ratings of communication competence of impromptu presentations.ResultsSignificant post-treatment gains were reported for theCAT,OASES, andPROMIS Peer Relationships Parent Proxy. Significant gains in post-treatment communication competence were observed. Pre-treatment stuttering frequency did not significantly predict changes in communication competence.ConclusionFindings from Virtual Camp Dream. Speak. Live. demonstrate that the administration of the adapted telepractice format of this manualized program yields comparable findings as when administered in-person, suggesting promising implications for use in locations for which in-person provision and/or access is not feasible.
Cross-modal Functional Plasticity after Cochlear-implantation
Authors: Esmaelpoor Jamal , Peng Tommy , Jelfs Beth , Mao Darren , Shader Maureen J. , McKay Colette M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite evidence that cross-modal effects after hearing loss and cochlear implantation are primarily conveyed through synaptic gain and efficacy rather than reorganized fiber tracts, few studies have assessed cross-modal functional connectivity (CMFC) to evaluate plasticity. This study, inspired by the psychophysiological interactions (PPI) method, addresses its limitations and provides a robust approach to evaluating task-induced CMFC.DesignTwenty-two post-lingually deafened, newly implanted adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients with severe hearing loss in the contralateral ear and 17 normal-hearing (NH) subjects participated. The experiment included audio-only and visual-only speech tasks, with resting-state FC as a baseline. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured brain imaging data one month and one year post-implantation. CI users’ speech understanding performance was evaluated one year after implantation.ResultsA negative correlation was found between average contralateral task-induced CMFC and speech outcomes, particularly in links from the angular gyrus (AG), both one month and one year post-activation. Plastic changes showed higher task-induced CMFC in AG compared to the superior temporal gyrus (STG), aligning with neural efficiency principles. Task-induced CMFC remained elevated in CI users compared to NH cohorts even after one year.ConclusionTask-induced CMFC can serve as a significant marker of cross-modal plasticity and speech performance in CI recipients, indicating increased reliance on cross-modal processing in one year after implantation.
Sperm from infertile, oligozoospermic men have elevated mutation rates
Authors: Kunisaki Jason , Goldberg Michael E. , Lulla Suchita , Sasani Thomas , Hiatt Laurel , Nicholas Thomas J. , Liu Lihua , Torres-Arce Elizabeth , Guo Yixuan , James Emma , Horns Joshua J , Ramsay Joemy M , Chen Qi , Hotaling James M , Aston Kenneth I , Quinlan Aaron R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMale infertility is associated with elevated rates of aneuploidy and DNA breaks in spermatozoa and germline precursors. This common condition is not well understood and is associated with poor individual and familial somatic health relative to fertile men. To further understand the extent and source of genome instability, we used error-corrected duplex DNA sequencing to test whether the impaired spermatogenesis and relatively poorer health of oligozoospermic men are linked to elevated single nucleotidede novomutation frequencies in their sperm and blood, respectively. We observed a significant 1.34 to 2.01-fold increase in age-adjusted sperm mutation frequencies in infertile, oligozoospermic men. Conversely, consistently elevated mutation frequencies in the blood of oligozoospermic men were not found. Gain-of-function mutations linked to clonal spermatogenesis and Mendelian disorders accumulate with age at a similar rate in normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. These results implicate germline hypermutation as a hallmark feature of oligozoospermia and point to age-independent processes affecting spermatogonial stem cell biology that may underlie spermatogenic impairment before and after puberty. Our findings also underscore the importance of investigating tissue-specific mechanisms driving the association between reduced reproductive and somatic health in infertile men.
PLANES: Plausibility Analysis of Epidemiological Signals
Authors: Nagraj VP , Benefield Amy E. , Williams Desiree , Turner Stephen D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMethods for reviewing epidemiological signals are necessary to building and maintaining data-driven public health capabilities. We have developed a novel approach for assessing the plausibility of infectious disease forecasts and surveillance data. The PLANES (PLausibilityANalysis ofEpidemiologicalSignals) methodology is designed to be multi-dimensional and flexible, yielding an overall score based on individual component assessments that can be applied at various temporal and spatial granularities. Here we describe PLANES, provide a demonstration analysis, and discuss how to use the open-source rplanes R package. PLANES aims to enable modelers and public health end-users to evaluate forecast plausibility and surveillance data integrity, ultimately improving early warning systems and informing evidence-based decision-making.