bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primate Torpor: Regulation of Stress-Activated Protein Kinases during Daily Torpor in the Gray Mouse Lemur, Microcebus Murinus
Authors: Biggar Kyle K. , Wu Cheng-Wei , Tessier Shannon N. , Zhang Jing , Pifferi Fabien , Perret Martine , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Very few selected species of primates are known to be capable of entering torpor. This exciting discovery means that the ability to enter a natural state of dormancy is an ancestral trait among primates and, in phylogenetic terms, is very close to the human lineage. To explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie primate torpor, we analyzed signal transduction cascades to discover those involved in coordinating tissue responses during torpor. The responses of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members to primate torpor were compared in six organs of control (aroused) versus torpid gray mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus. The proteins examined include extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), MAPK kinase (MEK), and p38, in addition to stress-related proteins p53 and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). The activation of specific MAPK signal transduction pathways may provide a mechanism to regulate the expression of torpor-responsive genes or the regulation of selected downstream cellular processes. In response to torpor, each MAPK subfamily responded differently during torpor and each showed organ-specific patterns of response. For example, skeletal muscle displayed elevated relative phosphorylation of ERK1/2 during torpor. Interestingly, adipose tissues showed the highest degree of MAPK activation. Brown adipose tissue displayed an activation of ERK1/2 and p38, whereas white adipose tissue showed activation of ERK1/2, p38, MEK, and JNK during torpor. Importantly, both adipose tissues possess specialized functions that are critical for torpor, with brown adipose required for non-shivering thermogenesis and white adipose utilized as the primary source of lipid fuel for torpor. Overall, these data indicate crucial roles of MAPKs in the regulation of primate organs during torpor.
Oculomotor tasks affect differently postural control in healthy children
Authors: Bucci Maria Pia , Ajrezo Layla , Wiener‐Vacher Sylvette 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEye movements affect postural stability in children. The present study focuses on the effect of different types of eye movements on postural stability in healthy children.Both eye movements and postural stability have been recorded in 51 healthy children from 6.3 to 15.5 years old. Eye movements were recorded binocularly with a video oculography (MobilEBT®), and postural stability was measured while child was standing on a force platform (TechnoConcept®). Children performed three oculomotor tasks: saccades, pursuits and reading a text silently. We measured the number of saccades made in the three oculomotor tasks, the number of words read, and the surface area, the length and mean velocity of the center of pressure (CoP).According to previous studies, postural control improves with age until 10–12 years. Saccades toward a target as well as during a reading task reduce significantly the CoP displacement and its velocity, while during pursuit eye movements all children increase postural parameters (i.e., the surface area, the length and mean velocity of the CoP).These results suggest the presence of an interaction between the oculomotor control and the postural system. Visual attention to perform saccades (to stationary targets or to words) influences postural stability more than the frequency of saccade triggering does.
Retracted: Third‐trimester uterine artery Doppler measurement and maternal postpartum outcome among patients with severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , ElNassery Noura , Fouad Mona , Abdelhafiz Aly , Al Mostafa Walaa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between uterine artery Doppler measurements and maternal complications among women with severe pre‐eclampsia.MethodsAs part of a cross‐sectional study, women with a single intrauterine pregnancy of more than 28 weeks and a diagnosis of severe pre‐eclampsia were enrolled at a unit in Cairo, Egypt, between December 2012 and September 2014. Uterine artery Doppler was evaluated and maternal complications were recorded.ResultsAmong the 100 participants, 76 (76%) experienced maternal complications. There were significant differences in resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) between women who experienced no complications and those who had accidental hemorrhage, HELLP syndrome, and acute pulmonary edema (P < 0.001 for all), and postpartum hemorrhage (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in RI for women with postpartum fits (P = 0.360). There was a statistically significant difference regarding RI (P < 0.001) and PI (P = 0.005) between cases presenting with complications and those without. There was a significant negative correlation between PI and gestational age (r = − 0.988; P < 0.001) and between RI and gestational age (r = − 0. 854; P < 0.001), but no significant correlation between PI or RI and age, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionIncreased uterine artery resistance in the third trimester of pregnancy could be used to predict postpartum maternal complications.
Imaging‐based enrichment criteria using deep learning algorithms for efficient clinical trials in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ithapu Vamsi K. , Singh Vikas , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Chappell Richard J. , Dowling N. Maritza , Johnson Sterling C. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be optimal for clinical trials to test potential treatments for preventing or delaying decline to dementia. However, MCI is heterogeneous in that not all cases progress to dementia within the time frame of a trial and some may not have underlying AD pathology. Identifying those MCIs who are most likely to decline during a trial and thus most likely to benefit from treatment will improve trial efficiency and power to detect treatment effects. To this end, using multimodal, imaging‐derived, inclusion criteria may be especially beneficial. Here, we present a novel multimodal imaging marker that predicts future cognitive and neural decline from [F‐18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid florbetapir PET, and structural magnetic resonance imaging, based on a new deep learning algorithm (randomized denoising autoencoder marker, rDAm). Using ADNI2 MCI data, we show that using rDAm as a trial enrichment criterion reduces the required sample estimates by at least five times compared with the no‐enrichment regime and leads to smaller trials with high statistical power, compared with existing methods.
Neural stem cell transplantation at critical period improves learning and memory through restoring synaptic impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Kim J A , Ha S , Shin K Y , Kim S , Lee K J , Chong Y H , Chang K-A , Suh Y-H 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss in several regions of the brain. Recent studies have suggested that stem cell transplantation could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to halt or ameliorate the inexorable disease progression. However, the optimal stage of the disease for stem cell transplantation to have a therapeutic effect has yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrated that transplantation of neural stem cells into 12-month-old Tg2576 brains markedly improved both cognitive impairments and neuropathological features by reducing β-amyloid processing and upregulating clearance of β-amyloid, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, endogenous neurogenesis, as well as synapse formation. In contrast, the stem cell transplantation did not recover cognitive dysfunction and β-amyloid neuropathology in Tg2576 mice aged 15 months when the memory loss is manifest. Overall, this study underscores that stem cell therapy at optimal time frame is crucial to obtain maximal therapeutic effects that can restore functional deficits or stop the progression of AD.
Vibrio vulnificus VvpE inhibits mucin 2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ROS signaling in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Lee S-J , Jung Y H , Oh S Y , Jang K K , Lee H S , Choi S H , Han H J 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMucin is an important physical barrier against enteric pathogens. VvpE is an elastase encoded by Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus; however, the functional role of VvpE in intestinal mucin (Muc) production is yet to be elucidated. The recombinant protein (r) VvpE significantly reduced the level of Muc2 in human mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells. The repression of Muc2 induced by rVvpE was highly susceptible to the knockdown of intelectin-1b (ITLN) and sequestration of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin. We found that rVvpE induces the recruitment of NADPH oxidase 2 and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 into the membrane lipid rafts coupled with ITLN to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bacterial signaling of rVvpE through ROS production is uniquely mediated by the phosphorylation of ERK, which was downregulated by the silencing of the PKCδ. Moreover, rVvpE induced region-specific methylation in the Muc2 promoter to promote the transcriptional repression of Muc2. In two mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, the mutation of the vvpE gene from V. vulnificus exhibited an increased survival rate and maintained the level of Muc2 expression in intestine. These results demonstrate that VvpE inhibits Muc2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ROS signaling in the intestinal epithelial cells.
The impact of DNA intercalators on DNA and DNA-processing enzymes elucidated through force-dependent binding kinetics
Authors: Biebricher Andreas S. , Heller Iddo , Roijmans Roel F. H. , Hoekstra Tjalle P. , Peterman Erwin J. G. , Wuite Gijs J. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDNA intercalators are widely used as fluorescent probes to visualize DNA and DNA transactions in vivo and in vitro. It is well known that they perturb DNA structure and stability, which can in turn influence DNA-processing by proteins. Here we elucidate this perturbation by combining single-dye fluorescence microscopy with force spectroscopy and measuring the kinetics of DNA intercalation by the mono- and bis-intercalating cyanine dyes SYTOX Orange, SYTOX Green, SYBR Gold, YO-PRO-1, YOYO-1 and POPO-3. We show that their DNA-binding affinity is mainly governed by a strongly tension-dependent dissociation rate. These rates can be tuned over a range of seven orders of magnitude by changing DNA tension, intercalating species and ionic strength. We show that optimizing these rates minimizes the impact of intercalators on strand separation and enzymatic activity. These new insights provide handles for the improved use of intercalators as DNA probes with minimal perturbation and maximal efficacy.
Kumada–Grignard-type biaryl couplings on water
Authors: Bhattacharjya Anish , Klumphu Piyatida , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWell-established, traditional Kumada cross-couplings involve preformed Grignard reagents in dry ethereal solvent that typically react, e.g., with aryl halides via Pd catalysis to afford products of net substitution. Therefore, in the work described, which appears to be counterintuitive, exposure of these same aromatic halides to catalytic amounts of Pd(II) and excess magnesium metal in pure water leads to symmetrical/unsymmetrical biaryls, indicative of a net Kumada-like biaryl coupling. Evidence is presented suggesting that Grignard reagents, formed in situ in water, may be involved.
Assisted reproduction causes placental maldevelopment and dysfunction linked to reduced fetal weight in mice
Authors: Chen Shuqiang , Sun Fang-zhen , Huang Xiuying , Wang Xiaohong , Tang Na , Zhu Baoyi , Li Bo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCompelling evidence indicates that stress in utero, as manifested by low birth weight (LBW), increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Singletons conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) display a significant increase in LBW risk and ART offspring have a different metabolic profile starting at birth. Here, used mouse as a model, we found that ART resulted in reduced fetal weight and placental overgrowth at embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5). The ART placentae exhibited histomorphological alterations with defects in placental layer segregation and glycogen cells migration at E18.5. Further, ART treatments resulted in downregulation of a majority of placental nutrient transporters and reduction in placental efficiency. Moreover, the ART placentae were associated with increased methylation levels at imprinting control regions ofH19,KvDMR1and disrupted expression of a majority of imprinted genes important for placental development and function at E18.5. Our results from the mouse model show the first piece of evidence that ART treatment could affect fetal growth by disrupting placental development and function, suggests that perturbation of genomic imprinting resulted from embryo manipulation may contribute to these problems.
Separating read and write units in multiferroic devices
Authors: Roy Kuntal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStrain-mediated multiferroic composites, i.e., piezoelectric-magnetostrictive heterostructures, hold profound promise for energy-efficient computing in beyond Moore’s law era. While reading a bit of information stored in the magnetostrictive nanomagnets using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), a material selection issue crops up since magnetostrictive materials in general cannot be utilized as the free layer of the MTJ. This is an important issue since we need to achieve a high magnetoresistance for technological applications. We show here that magnetically coupling the magnetostrictive nanomagnet and the free layer e.g., utilizing the magnetic dipole coupling between them can circumvent this issue. By solving stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics in the presence of room-temperature thermal fluctuations, we show that such design can eventually lead to a superior energy-delay product.
Insertion of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells in Textiles using a Conventional Weaving Process
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Cha Seung I. , Seo Seon Hee , kim Han Seong , Lee Dong Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIncreasing demands for wearable energy sources and highly flexible, lightweight photovoltaic devices have stimulated the development of textile-structured solar cells. However, the former approach of wire-type solar cell fabrication, followed by weaving of these devices, has had limited success, due to device failure caused by high friction forces and tension forces during the weaving process. To overcome this limitation, we present a new approach for textile solar cell fabrication, in which dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) electrodes are incorporated into the textile during the weaving process, using the textile warp as a spacer to maintain the DSSC structure. Porous, dye-loaded TiO2-coated holed metal ribbon and Pt nanoparticle-loaded carbon yarn were used as the photoanode and counterelectrode, respectively. The highly flexible textile-based solar cell was fabricated using a common weaving process with a loom. The inserted DSSCs in the textile demonstrated an energy conversion efficiency of 2.63% (at 1 sun, 1.5 A.M.). Our results revealed that additional performance enhancement was possible by considering other electrode materials and textile structures, as well as where and how the DSSC electrodes are inserted. In addition, we demonstrated that the inserted DSSCs could be electrically connected using a parallel configuration.
Porous Au-embedded WO3 Nanowire Structure for Efficient Detection of CH4 and H2S
Authors: Minh Vuong Nguyen , Kim Dojin , Kim Hyojin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe developed a facile method to fabricate highly porous Au-embedded WO3 nanowire structures for efficient sensing of CH4 and H2S gases. Highly porous single-wall carbon nanotubes were used as template to fabricate WO3 nanowire structures with high porosity. Gold nanoparticles were decorated on the tungsten nanowires by dipping in HAuCl4 solution, followed by oxidation. The surface morphology, structure and electrical properties of the fabricated WO3 and Au-embedded WO3 nanowire structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and current–voltage measurements. Formation of a nanowire structure resulted in significant enhancement in sensing response to H2S and CH4 gases. Furthermore, Au embedment into the WO3 nanowire structures remarkably improved the performance of the sensors. The increase in response performance of sensors and adsorption–desorption kinetic processes on the sensing layers were discussed in relation with the role of Au embedment.
Mechanical Failure Mode of Metal Nanowires: Global Deformation versus Local Deformation
Authors: Ho Duc Tam , Im Youngtae , Kwon Soon-Yong , Earmme Youn Young , Kim Sung Youb 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt is believed that the failure mode of metal nanowires under tensile loading is the result of the nucleation and propagation of dislocations. Such failure modes can be slip, partial slip or twinning and therefore they are regarded as local deformation. Here we provide numerical and theoretical evidences to show that global deformation is another predominant failure mode of nanowires under tensile loading. At the global deformation mode, nanowires fail with a large contraction along a lateral direction and a large expansion along the other lateral direction. In addition, there is a competition between global and local deformations. Nanowires loaded at low temperature exhibit global failure mode first and then local deformation follows later. We show that the global deformation originates from the intrinsic instability of the nanowires and that temperature is a main parameter that decides the global or local deformation as the failure mode of nanowires.
Distribution of petroleum degrading genes and factor analysis of petroleum contaminated soil from the Dagang Oilfield, China
Authors: Liu Qinglong , Tang Jingchun , Bai Zhihui , Hecker Markus , Giesy John P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGenes that encode for enzymes that can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are critical for the ability of microorganisms to bioremediate soils contaminated with PHs. Distributions of two petroleum-degrading genes AlkB and Nah in soils collected from three zones of the Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin, China were investigated. Numbers of copies of AlkB ranged between 9.1 × 105 and 1.9 × 107 copies/g dry mass (dm) soil and were positively correlated with total concentrations of PHs (TPH) (R2 = 0.573, p = 0.032) and alkanes (C33 ~ C40) (R2 = 0.914, p < 0.01). The Nah gene was distributed relatively evenly among sampling zones, ranging between 1.9 × 107 and 1.1 × 108 copies/g dm soil and was negatively correlated with concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons (TAH) (R2 = −0.567, p = 0.035) and ∑16 PAHs (R2 = −0.599, p = 0.023). Results of a factor analysis showed that individual samples of soils were not ordinated as a function of the zones.
Imaging Shock Waves in Diamond with Both High Temporal and Spatial Resolution at an XFEL
Authors: Schropp Andreas , Hoppe Robert , Meier Vivienne , Patommel Jens , Seiboth Frank , Ping Yuan , Hicks Damien G. , Beckwith Martha A. , Collins Gilbert W. , Higginbotham Andrew , Wark Justin S. , Lee Hae Ja , Nagler Bob , Galtier Eric C. , Arnold Brice , Zastrau Ulf , Hastings Jerome B. , Schroer Christian G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe advent of hard x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has opened up a variety of scientific opportunities in areas as diverse as atomic physics, plasma physics, nonlinear optics in the x-ray range and protein crystallography. In this article, we access a new field of science by measuring quantitatively the local bulk properties and dynamics of matter under extreme conditions, in this case by using the short XFEL pulse to image an elastic compression wave in diamond. The elastic wave was initiated by an intense optical laser pulse and was imaged at different delay times after the optical pump pulse using magnified x-ray phase-contrast imaging. The temporal evolution of the shock wave can be monitored, yielding detailed information on shock dynamics, such as the shock velocity, the shock front width and the local compression of the material. The method provides a quantitative perspective on the state of matter in extreme conditions.
Nano-Biomechanical Study of Spatio-Temporal Cytoskeleton Rearrangements that Determine Subcellular Mechanical Properties and Endothelial Permeability
Authors: Wang Xin , Bleher Reiner , Brown Mary E. , Garcia Joe G. N. , Dudek Steven M. , Shekhawat Gajendra S. , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe endothelial cell (EC) lining of the pulmonary vascular system forms a semipermeable barrier between blood and the interstitium and regulates various critical biochemical functions. Collectively, it represents a prototypical biomechanical system, where the complex hierarchical architecture, from the molecular scale to the cellular and tissue level, has an intimate and intricate relationship with its biological functions. We investigated the mechanical properties of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Concurrently, the wider distribution and finer details of the cytoskeletal nano-structure were examined using fluorescence microscopy (FM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), respectively. These correlative measurements were conducted in response to the EC barrier-disrupting agent, thrombin and barrier-enhancing agent, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Our new findings and analysis directly link the spatio-temporal complexities of cell re-modeling and cytoskeletal mechanical properties alteration. This work provides novel insights into the biomechanical function of the endothelial barrier and suggests similar opportunities for understanding the form-function relationship in other biomechanical subsystems.
Potential use of fatty acid profiles of the adductor muscle of cockles (Cerastoderma edule) for traceability of collection site
Authors: Ricardo Fernando , Pimentel Tânia , Moreira Ana S. P. , Rey Felisa , Coimbra Manuel A. , Rosário Domingues M. , Domingues Pedro , Costa Leal Miguel , Calado Ricardo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGeographic traceability of seafood is key for controlling its quality and safeguarding consumers’ interest. The present study assessed if the fatty acid (FA) profile of the adductor muscle (AM) of fresh cockles (Cerastoderma edule) can be used to discriminate the origin of specimens collected in different bivalve capture/production areas legally defined within a coastal lagoon. Results suggest that this biochemical approach holds the potential to trace sampling locations with a spatial resolution <10 Km, even for areas with identical classification for bivalve production. Cockles further away from the inlet, i.e. in areas exposed to a higher saline variation, exhibited lower levels of saturated fatty acids, which are key for stabilizing the bilayer structure of cell membranes and a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which enhance bilayer fluidity. Results suggest that the structural nature of the lipids present in the AM provides a stable fatty acid signature and holds potential for tracing the origin of bivalves to their capture/production areas.