bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XML Schema Mappings
Authors: Amano Shun'ichi , David Claire , Libkin Leonid , Murlak Filip 
Published: April 2014

Relational schema mappings have been extensively studied in connection with data integration and exchange problems, but mappings between XML schemas have not received the same amount of attention. Our goal is to develop a theory of expressive XML schema mappings. Such mappings should be able to use various forms of navigation in a document, and specify conditions on data values. We develop a language for XML schema mappings, and study both data exchange with such mappings and metadata management problems. Specifically, we concentrate on four types of problems: complexity of mappings, query answering, consistency issues, and composition.
We first analyze the complexity of mappings, that is, recognizing pairs of documents such that one can be mapped into the other, and provide a classification based on sets of features used in mappings. Next, we chart the tractability frontier for the query answering problem. We show that the problem is tractable for expressive schema mappings and simple queries, but not vice versa. Then, we move to static analysis. We study the complexity of the consistency problem, that is, deciding whether it is possible to map some document of a source schema into a document of the target schema. Finally, we look at composition of XML schema mappings. We analyze its complexity and show that it is harder to achieve closure under composition for XML than for relational mappings. Nevertheless, we find a robust class of XML schema mappings that, in addition to being closed under composition, have good complexity properties with respect to the main data management tasks. Due to its good properties, we suggest this class as the class to use in applications of XML schema mappings.
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shen Jacson K. , Cote Gregory M. , Choy Edwin , Yang Pei , Harmon David , Schwab Joseph , Nielsen G. Petur , Chebib Ivan , Ferrone Soldano , Wang Xinhui , Wang Yangyang , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1, also known as B7H1) is a cell-surface protein that suppresses the cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell–mediated immune response. PDL1 expression and its clinical relevance in sarcomas are not well understood. Therefore, we sought to measure RNA expression levels for PDL1 in 38 clinically annotated osteosarcoma tumor samples and aimed to determine if PDL1 expression correlates with clinical features and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for PDL1 was optimized in 18 cell lines, of which 5 were osteosarcoma derived. qRT-PCR results were validated via flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in select cell lines. Total RNA was isolated from 38 human osteosarcoma samples for qRT-PCR analysis. Clinical data were sorted, and significance was determined by the Student t test. TILs were examined in patient samples by tissue microarray hematoxylin–eosin staining. We confirmed the constitutive PDL1 mRNA expression in cell lines by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and IHC. Across human osteosarcoma samples, PDL1 mRNA gene expression ranged over 4 log (&gt;5,000-fold difference). Relative expression levels were evaluated against clinical factors such as age/gender, metastasis, recurrence, chemotherapy, percentage of necrosis, and survival; no significant associations were identified. The presence of TILs was associated with high PDL1 expression (R2 = 0.37; P = 0.01). In summary, we developed an RNA-based assay to determine PDL1 expression levels, and we show, for the first time, that high levels of PDL1 are expressed in a subset of osteosarcoma, and PDL1 expression is positively correlated with TILs. Multiple agents targeting PD1/PDL1 are in clinical development, and this may be a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma clinical trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(7); 690–8. ©2014 AACR.
Formação e gênese do ídolo
Authors: Bachi Adenor Leonardo 
Published: April 2014

Novos ídolos podem aparecer a todo momento. A busca por referências faz parte das nossas características. Manter-se ídolo é o grande desafio. O técnico campeão do Mundo e da Taça Libertadores da América pelo Corinthians, Tite, comenta sobre a formação e a manutenção da figura do ídolo e como a formação familiar é decisiva nesse processo.
Práticas de violência e mortes de torcedores no futebol brasileiro
Authors: Murad Mauricio 
Published: April 2014

Este artigo analisa as relações entre a violência e o futebol no Brasil, estudando seus casos extremos: as mortes de torcedores causadas pelos conflitos entre torcidas. O Brasil é um dos países com maior número de mortes entre torcedores de futebol. Dados quantitativos e informações qualitativas foram correlacionados para se entender melhor as causas dessas violências e para se reprimir e prevenir o vandalismo. A metodologia integrou técnicas quantitativas com análises qualitativas, as quais se basearam nos parâmetros dos órgãos da segurança pública e da justiça brasileiras, além de interpretações sociológicas e históricas. A recolha dos dados para o mapeamento dos torcedores mortos foi feita em jornais e revistas, e a confirmação e aprofundamento, nos inquéritos das delegacias policiais.
Qual será o legado da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 para o Brasil?
Authors: Marques António Teixeira 
Published: April 2014

Este artigo procura analisar o legado a deixar pela Copa do Mundo 2014 após o encerramento deste evento. Numa primeira parte, faz-se uma análise do legado de outros grandes eventos, tomando como referência os Jogos Olímpicos de Barcelona 1992 e de Atenas 2004. Numa segunda parte, o artigo centra-se na análise de documentos que ajudem a perceber as actividades e projectos que foram planeados para a Copa. Finalmente, numa terceira parte, procuramos avaliar de que forma os documentos tornados públicos ajudam a perceber qual o legado planeado para a Copa, e quais as áreas em que ele está previsto. Este último aspecto é analisado tendo como referência o legado deixado pelos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres 2012.
Dando tratos à bola: futebol e Brasil
Authors: Kaz Leonel , Silva Paulo Costa e 
Published: April 2014

Inicialmente um esporte de elite, o futebol logo foi “tomado” pelas classes mais populares. Incorporado a um caldo de cultura de base negro-mestiça que operava à margem da sociedade “oficial” – das esferas da política, da cidadania e do mercado –, o futebol foi reinventado a partir de um outro tipo de inteligência corporal. Ao mesmo tempo, ativou as forças da tradição oral e da emergente cultura de massa, tornando-se uma poderosa narrativa mítica do país. A partir dos anos 1930, o esporte de tal modo se emaranhou com o mito moderno da nação popular e mestiça, que acabou se tornando esse mito. Operando no registro da simultaneidade, suas lendas de fracasso e conquista passaram a atiçar os medos e desejos coletivos, definindo dentro de campo, em jogadas e gols, as possibilidades do país como nação e do brasileiro como povo.
Fisiologia do treinamento no alto desempenho do atleta de futebol
Authors: Soares José , Rebelo António Natal C. 
Published: April 2014

O futebol é uma modalidade que requer, do jogador, várias capacidades: apurada competência técnica, boa compreensão táctica do jogo, atitude mental centrada no rendimento e excelente condição física. O treinador precisa conhecer com rigor não só as características técnicas e táticas, mas também os aspectos fisiológicos da modalidade para planear o conteúdo e a aplicação temporal das cargas do treino em função daquilo que o jogo exige. Pode-se concluir, com base em inúmeros estudos, que, do ponto de vista fisiológico, o futebol apresenta um perfil bioenergético misto com uma participação importante do metabolismo aeróbio.
The Meaning of zēr*
Authors: Eichler Raanan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
>The word זֵר (zēr) occurs ten times in the Hebrew Bible, where it designates a feature of several major cult objects in the tabernacle. What, specifically, does it mean? The tortuous history of exegesis related to this question is surveyed. Close attention is paid to the Septuagint and Letter of Aristeas, whose authors seem to have understood the word as referring to a guilloche molding, based on an etymological association with the word משזר. A novel solution is then proposed, according to which the זר should be identified with the cavetto cornice (German: Hohlkehlsims), a common element in ancient Near Eastern architecture and crafts. The cavetto cornice is a concave molding, quarter-circular in profile, which surrounds the top of a structure or object.
Deuteronomy and Centralization
Authors: Greenspahn Frederick E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Biblical scholars have long attributed King Josiah’s reform to the influence of Deuteronomy and its call for centralizing the cult. Even those who trace the book’s origin to the Northern kingdom or regard chapter 12 as a late insertion understand it as requiring cult centralization. Since so much of modern biblical scholarship rests on linking Deuteronomy to Josiah’s reform, that chapter has been described as “an archimedean point” for biblical studies. However, the syntax of Deuteronomy 12 (especially verses 5 and 13-14) does not require that sacrifice be limited to a single place, though these verses may have come to be understood that way. As a result, the dating of other biblical books on the basis of their dependence on Deuteronomy or their awareness of cult centralization must be reconsidered.
Another Look at the Hosea/Malachi Framework in The Twelve
Authors: Leuchter Mark 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Though most scholars agree that the prophetic books identified as “The Twelve” (or “The Book of The Twelve”) have gone through extensive stages of redaction, debate ensues as to whether they should be read as a literary unity or as a collection of independent prophetic works. A closer look at the framework surrounding this material—the book of Hosea and the book of Malachi—suggests that the primary purpose of the redaction of The Twelve was not to be read as a literary unity or as an anthological collection, but to establish a model of how priestly scribes were to countenance and teach diverse textual corpora in the context of a single, dominant temple establishment. The redactors of the Twelve were probably a Levite scribal group, who created the work to affirm their own status within the hierarchy of the Jerusalem temple in the Late Persian period.
Psalm 19: A Sabbath Song1
Authors: Cooley Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The author of Psalm 19 consciously reflects on the cosmology in Genesis 1 and associated traditions. This reflection involves how the psalmist conceives of the sun, including the celestial feature’s personal nature, responsibility in the cosmic order in terms of calendrical regulation, and its deliberate obedience in the fulfillment of its cultic task. The sun’s obedience serves as a model for sacerdotal devotion, and, just as importantly, allows for the human priest to fulfill his own obligations vis-à-vis properly-timed observance of cultic activities. Of primary importance in all of this, whether at the celestial level or the human level, is the centrality of septenary Sabbath observance, which the sun is charged to mark and the righteous Yahweh devotee is charged to observe. Its importance is implicitly signaled by the psalmist, as it is in Genesis 1: by seven-fold repetition (of Yahweh’s name), and by cryptic allusion (the אות in שׁגיאות).
Adriel de Mehola (1 Sam 18:19) : « Vous chantiez ? j’en suis fort aise. Eh bien : dansez maintenant »
Authors: Luciani Didier 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Adriel de Mehola (1 Sam 18:19) sert-il la vengeance de Saül contre le jeune David pour une danse que le roi aurait mal assumée?
Simulation of the Global ENSO–Tropical Cyclone Teleconnection by a High-Resolution Coupled General Circulation Model
Authors: Bell Ray , Hodges Kevin , Vidale Pier Luigi , Strachan Jane , Roberts Malcolm 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study assesses the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on global tropical cyclone activity using a 150-yr-long integration with a high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model [High-Resolution Global Environmental Model (HiGEM); with N144 resolution: ~90 km in the atmosphere and ~40 km in the ocean]. Tropical cyclone activity is compared to an atmosphere-only simulation using the atmospheric component of HiGEM (HiGAM). Observations of tropical cyclones in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and tropical cyclones identified in the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) are used to validate the models. Composite anomalies of tropical cyclone activity in El Niño and La Niña years are used. HiGEM is able to capture the shift in tropical cyclone locations to ENSO in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, HiGEM does not capture the expected ENSO–tropical cyclone teleconnection in the North Atlantic. HiGAM shows more skill in simulating the global ENSO–tropical cyclone teleconnection; however, variability in the Pacific is overpronounced. HiGAM is able to capture the ENSO–tropical cyclone teleconnection in the North Atlantic more accurately than HiGEM. An investigation into the large-scale environmental conditions, known to influence tropical cyclone activity, is used to further understand the response of tropical cyclone activity to ENSO in the North Atlantic and western North Pacific. The vertical wind shear response over the Caribbean is not captured in HiGEM compared to HiGAM and ERA-Interim. Biases in the mean ascent at 500 hPa in HiGEM remain in HiGAM over the western North Pacific; however, a more realistic low-level vorticity in HiGAM results in a more accurate ENSO–tropical cyclone teleconnection.
Measuring Antenna Patterns for Ocean Surface Current HF Radars with Ships of Opportunity
Authors: Emery Brian M. , Washburn Libe , Whelan Chad , Barrick Don , Harlan Jack 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
HF radars measure ocean surface currents near coastlines with a spatial and temporal resolution that remains unmatched by other approaches. Most HF radars employ direction-finding techniques, which obtain the most accurate ocean surface current data when using measured, rather than idealized, antenna patterns. Simplifying and automating the antenna pattern measurement (APM) process would improve the utility of HF radar data, since idealized patterns are widely used. A method is presented for obtaining antenna pattern measurements for direction-finding HF radars from ships of opportunity. Positions obtained from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) are used to identify signals backscattered from ships in ocean current radar data. These signals and ship position data are then combined to determine the HF radar APM. Data screening methods are developed and shown to produce APMs with low error when compared with APMs obtained with shipboard transponder-based approaches. The analysis indicates that APMs can be reproduced when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the backscattered signal is greater than 11 dB. Large angular sectors of the APM can be obtained on time scales of days, with as few as 50 ships.
Justice and Its Margins
Authors: Castro Neira Yerko 
Published: April 2014

Analysis of two court cases involving indigenous migrants, one in Oaxaca and one in California, shows what justice means for these people, how the effects of the state are constructed, and what kind of relationships people establish with what we call the state and the justice system. Despite the differences between the two cases, the indigenous subjects involved ended up experiencing these situations in similar ways. They live on the margins of the state and are largely removed from the law as a procedure and justice as an ideal. El análisis de dos casos judiciales que involucran a los migrantes indígenas, uno en Oaxaca y otro en California, muestra qué significa la justicia para estas personas, cómo se construyen los efectos del estado, y qué tipo de relaciones establecen las personas con lo que llamamos el estado y el sistema de justicia. A pesar de las diferencias entre los dos casos, los sujetos indígenas implicados terminaron sufriendo estas situaciones de manera similar. Viven en los márgenes del estado y lejos de la ley como procedimiento y la justicia como ideal.
Investigation of the mechanics of rail seat deterioration and methods to improve the abrasion resistance of concrete sleeper rail seats
Authors: Kernes Ryan G , Shurpali Amogh A , Edwards J Riley , Dersch Marcus S , Lange David A , Barkan Christopher P L 
Published: April 2014

A sustained increase in gross rail loads and cumulative freight tonnages on heavy haul railways, as well as increased interest in high- and higher-speed passenger rail development, is placing an increasing demand on railway infrastructure and its components. Rail seat deterioration (RSD) refers to the degradation of the material at the contact interface between the sleeper’s rail seat and the pad that protects the bearing area of the sleeper. RSD continues to be identified as one of the primary factors limiting concrete sleeper service life, particularly in heavy haul operations. This paper includes results from two laboratory experiments that used test setups and protocols and were designed to isolate the abrasion mechanism. The first experiment was used to acquire quantitative and qualitative data related to the frictional properties of rail pad materials sliding on a concrete surface under various normal loads. The second experiment quantified the abrasion resistance of rail seat materials. Results confirmed that abrasion is a feasible RSD mechanism and that the frictional characteristics at the contact interface between the rail pad and concrete rail seat appear to have an impact on the transfer of forces and relative movement, and thus the abrasion mechanism. Also, the abrasion resistance of the rail seat’s surface can be improved by grinding off the top cement paste layer to expose a hard aggregate surface and also by applying an epoxy coating to the surface. Increasing the service life of railway track components will facilitate capacity building on heavy haul, mixed-traffic and passenger railways around the world by reducing maintenance costs and decreasing the demand for maintenance windows.
Interventions for Secondary Traumatic Stress With Mental Health Workers
Authors: Bercier Melissa L. , Maynard Brandy R. 
Published: April 2014

Objective A systematic review was conducted to examine effects of indicated interventions to reduce symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) experienced by mental health workers. Method Systematic review methods were employed to search, retrieve, select, and analyze studies that met study inclusion criteria. Results Over 4,000 citations were reviewed, 159 full-text reports were screened, and two studies were fully coded and determined to be ineligible. No studies met criteria for inclusion in this review. Discussion There is compelling evidence of psychological effects of working with trauma victims; however, no rigorous evidence meeting eligibility criteria was found to inform how to intervene most effectively with mental health workers who experience symptoms of STS. While it is important to provide effective interventions to helpers who may be experiencing symptoms related to secondary trauma, it seems apparent that there is yet more we need to do in order to advance efforts in evaluating the outcomes of practices currently being used and under development.
Next-generation sequencing of peripheral B-lineage cells pinpoints the circulating clonotypic cell pool in multiple myeloma
Authors: Thiele Benjamin , Kloster Marie , Alawi Malik , Indenbirken Daniela , Trepel Martin , Grundhoff Adam , Binder Mascha 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
Clonotypic B cells, long suspected to represent circulating stem-like cells, are consistently absent in the blood of myeloma patients. Malignant plasma cells frequently circulate in the peripheral blood, show evidence for clonal evolution, and may spread the disease.
Idiopathic desmoid-type fibromatosis of the pancreatic head: case report and literature review
Authors: Jia Changjun , Tian Baoling , Dai Chaoliu , Wang Xinlu , Bu Xianmin , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is an uncommon nonmetastatic fibrous neoplasm. Sporadic intraperitoneal DTF is rarely described in current literature. We herein report a case of DTF of unknown cause involving the pancreatic head. A 41-year-old man presented with recurrent epigastric pain and weight loss. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a well-delineated solid cystic mass inside the pancreatic head. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed due to the patient’s debilitating symptoms and suspected malignancy. The pathological examination revealed massive fibroblastic proliferation arising from the musculoaponeurotic tissues, consistent with a diagnosis of DTF. Immunohistochemical phenotyping determined positive immunoreactivity to vimentin and β-catenin, but negative immunoreactivity to smooth muscle actin, CD117, CD34, or S-100, confirming the diagnosis of DTF. No local recurrence or distant metastasis was found during a 24-month follow-up. Radical resection is recommended as first-line treatment for pancreatic DTF. Long-term follow-up studies are required to establish the prognosis of pancreatic DTF.
Uncertainty, redistribution, and the labor market since 2007
Authors: Mulligan Casey B 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Uncertainty and its composition can affect the demand for social insurance, and thereby the labor market. This paper shows that small to medium-sized increases in uncertainty or risk aversion are enough to recommend an expansion of the safety net that would be broadly similar to the actual safety net expansions in the United States since 2007, which significantly depressed the labor market. Labor market effects of uncertainty through investment and insurance channels are also examined with employer and employee labor wedges measured from 2007 through 2013.
Activities of three erythrocyte enzymes of hyperglycemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) treated with Allium sativa extract
Authors: Chikezie Paul C , Uwakwe Augustine A 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
The present study sought to investigate erythrocyte glutathione S-transferases (GST), NADH-Methaemoglobin reductase (NADH-MR) and Na+/K+-ATPase activities of hypoglycemic rats treated with ethanol/water (1:2 v/v) extract of A. sativa as agent of glycemic control.

Methods
Hyperglycemia was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L alloxan monohydrate in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (pH = 7.4); dosage = 140 mg/kg. At the end of the experimental time (t = 76 h), erythrocyte GST, NADH-MR and Na+/K+-ATPase activities as well as serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods.

Results
Serum FBS levels of control/normal (C/N) rats ranged between 72.93 ± 0.82–95.12 ± 0.92 mg/dL, whereas experimental rats without glycemic control gave: 249.41 ± 1.03–256.11 ± 1.23 mg/dL. Hyperglycemic rats treated with ethanol/water (1:2 v/v) extract of A. sativa exhibited comparative reduced serum levels of FBS alongside with erythrocyte GST, NADH-MR and Na+/K+-ATPase activities. The average relative activities of the three enzymes and corresponding order of enzyme activity in hyperglycemic rats treated with ethanol/water (1:2 v/v) extract of A. sativa was: NADH-MR = 60.99% > GST = 47.81% > Na+/K+-ATPase = 46.81%. In the same order, relative activities of the three enzymes in rats without glycemic control were: NADH-MR = 49.65% > GST = 23.69% > Na+/K+-ATPase = 17.02%.

Conclusion
Erythrocyte GST, NADH-MR and Na+/K+-ATPase activities gave insights into the pathophysiology of diabetic state and served as biomarkers for ascertaining therapeutic control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.