bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common‐shot Fresnel beam migration based on wave‐field approximation in effective vicinity under complex topographic conditions
Authors: Huang Jianping , Yang Jidong , Liao Wenyuan , Wang Xin , Li Zhenchun 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGaussian beam migration is a versatile imaging method for geologically complex land areas, which overcomes the limitation of Kirchhoff migration in imaging multiple arrivals and has no steep‐dip limits of one‐way wave‐equation migration. However, its imaging accuracy depends on the geometry of Gaussian beam that is determined by the initial parameter of dynamic ray tracing. As a result, its applications in exploration areas with strong variations in topography and near‐surface velocity are limited. Combined with the concept of Fresnel zone and the theory of wave‐field approximation in effective vicinity, we present a more robust common‐shot Fresnel beam imaging method for complex topographic land areas in this paper. Compared with the conventional Gaussian beam migration for irregular topography, our method improves the beam geometry by limiting its effective half‐width with Fresnel zone radius. Moreover, through a quadratic travel‐time correction and an amplitude correction that is based on the wave‐field approximation in effective vicinity, it gives an accurate method for plane‐wave decomposition at complex topography, which produces good imaging results in both shallow and deep zones. Trials of two typical models and its application in field data demonstrated the validity and robustness of our method.
Gestural abilities of children with specific language impairment
Authors: Wray Charlotte , Norbury Courtenay Frazier , Alcock Katie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSpecific language impairment (SLI) is diagnosed when language is significantly below chronological age expectations in the absence of other developmental disorders, sensory impairments or global developmental delays. It has been suggested that gesture may enhance communication in children with SLI by providing an alternative means to convey words or extend utterances. However, gesture is a complex task that requires the integration of social, cognitive and motor skills, skills that some children with SLI may find challenging. In addition, there is reason to believe that language and gesture form an integrated system leading to the prediction that children with a SLI may also have difficulties with gestural communication.AimsTo explore the link between language and gesture in children with poor language skills.Methods & ProcedureFifteen children with SLI and 14 age‐matched typically developing children (TD) participated in this study. The children completed measures of expressive and receptive vocabulary, non‐verbal cognition, motor control, gesture comprehension and gesture production.Outcomes & ResultsTD children achieved significantly higher scores on measures of gesture production and gesture comprehension relative to children with SLI. Significant correlations between both measures of vocabulary and both measures of gesture suggest a tight link between language and gesture.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe findings support the idea that gesture and language form one integrated communication system, rather than two separate communication modalities. This implies that children with SLI may have underlying deficits that impact not only on language but also on gesture production and comprehension.
Biochemical Characterization of Dovyalis hebecarpa Fruits: A Source of Anthocyanins with High Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Bochi Vivian Caetano , Barcia Milene Teixeira , Rodrigues Daniele , Godoy Helena Teixeira 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDovyalis hebecarpa, which is also known as the Ceylon gooseberry, is an attractive exotic purple berry that is produced in the southwest of Brazil with high yields. Current literature lacks information about the nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of this fruit. As such, this work aimed to evaluate and compare the proximate composition, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of D. hebecarpa over two seasons through the application of a range of different methods, including FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays. The proximate composition and biometric parameters were monitored for quality purposes. The results significantly changed between seasons in accordance with variations in rain incidence and average temperatures. The Ceylon gooseberry contained a similar or higher content of anthocyanins (ACY) than other berries commonly consumed in human diet. These ACY were identified at higher levels in the fruit's skin (284 to 351 mg of cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents/100 g of fresh weight [FW]) than in its pulp (49 to 69 mg/100 g of FW). The use of an ORAC assay identified higher antioxidant activity (145 μmol of Trolox equivalents [TE]/g in the skins and 179 μmol of TE/g in the pulp on a FW basis) than all other methods used to determine antioxidant activity. Thus, D. hebecarpa is a rich source of ACY that demonstrates high antioxidant activity against the peroxyl radicals formed in ORAC assay conditions.
Release Kinetic in Yogurt from Gallic Acid Microparticles with Chemically Modified Inulin
Authors: García Paula , Vergara Cristina , Robert Paz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGallic acid (GA) was encapsulated with native (NIn), cross‐linked (CIn) and acetylated (AIn) inulin by spray‐drying. Inulin microparticles were characterized by encapsulation efficiency (EE) and their release profile in yogurt. The EE was significantly higher for GA‐CIn (98%) compared with GA‐NIn (81%) and GA‐AIn (77%) microparticles, showing the effect of the modification of inulin on interaction of GA‐polymer. GA release profile data in yogurt for GA‐CIn, GA‐NIn and GA‐AIn were fitted to Peppas and Higuchi models in order to obtain the GA release rate constant. Although the GA release rate constants were significantly different among systems, these differences were slight and the GA release was fast (80% < 2 h) in the three systems, showing that inulin‐systems did not control GA release in yogurt. The mechanism of GA release followed a Fickian diffusion and relaxation of chains for all microparticles. According to the release profile, these microparticles would be best suited for use in instant foods.
Australian dentists’ perspectives on rapid HIV testing
Authors: Santella AJ , Schlub TE , Schifter M , Tolani M , Hillman RJ 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundFourteen per cent of people living with HIV in Australia, as in other countries, are not aware of their infection or their infective status. Dentists have the necessary expertise and are well‐placed for access by those sections of the population who would not normally access screening for HIV.MethodsA national cross‐sectional online survey of 532 Australian dentists was conducted during the period June to October 2013. We surveyed dentists’ understanding and willingness to undertake rapid HIV testing (RHT).ResultsThe majority of respondents (65.1%) believed that RHT was needed in dental clinics, with approximately two‐thirds of respondents indicating that RHT should be made available immediately. If RHT was to be undertaken in a dental setting, 51.1% of dentists thought that it should be conducted on saliva only, as opposed to blood or blood/saliva. Only 21.9% of dentists would currently be comfortable advising a patient of a reactive (i.e. positive) result indicative of HIV infection, with male dentists (26.1% comfortable) more comfortable than female dentists (17.5% comfortable) (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThe majority of respondents were willing to provide RHT in their community settings. However, our data indicate that dentists would need additional training in HIV medicine, test administration and giving reactive results.
Alopecia, palmoplantar keratoderma, skin fragility and follicular hyperkeratoses due to compound heterozygous mutations in desmoplakin
Authors: Tekin Burak , Yucelten Deniz , Liu Lu , McGrath John A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInherited mutations in desmosome genes can present with a spectrum of skin, hair and cardiac abnormalities. Here we describe a 4‐year‐old Turkish boy with a cardio‐cutaneous syndrome resulting from compound heterozygous nonsense mutations in desmoplakin. Early recognition of such cases by clinical awareness of the dermatological features and molecular diagnostics can improve patient management through early cardiac support, although the risk of cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias poses a major health concern.
Emerging issues in invasive prenatal diagnosis: Safety and competency in the post‐NIPT era
Authors: Hui Lisa , The Stephanie , McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Walker Susan P. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundNumbers of invasive prenatal procedures are declining in response to improved aneuploidy screening methods.ObjectiveTo assess current practice and attitudes of clinicians performing invasive prenatal diagnosis in regard to patient consent and safety, maintaining procedural competence and uptake of chromosomal microarrays (CMAs).MethodsAnonymous online survey of the Australian Association of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Ultrasonologists conducted in March 2015.ResultsThe survey had a 45% response rate with 59 respondents from Australia. Of these, 34 were subspecialists in maternal fetal medicine or obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound. Fifty‐six (95%) currently performed amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Of these, 14 (25%) performed <25 procedures and 8 (14%) performed >150 annually, with most respondents (60%) proposing 10–25 amniocenteses/year as adequate activity to maintain their skills. The majority neither expected referrers to provide results of hepatitis B and HIV serology, nor followed up missing results. There was uncertainty regarding the procedure‐related vertical transmission risk of HBV in women with high viral load, with most respondents stating they were either unsure of the risk (22%) or that the risk was unknown (30%). Fifty per cent of practitioners routinely ordered CMA after invasive testing; all recommended CMA following a diagnosis of structural abnormality.ConclusionsIn a period of declining testing, many Australian specialists are performing <25 procedures annually. Consideration of the potential risks of bloodborne viruses is limited. CMAs are rapidly being incorporated into clinical practice. These data have implications for patient consent and safety, and workforce training and practice.
Relationship between J Waves and Vagal Activity in Patients Who Do Not Have Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Baek Yong‐Soo , Park Sang‐Don , Lee Man‐Jong , Kwon Sung‐Woo , Shin Sung‐Hee , Woo Sung‐Il , Kwan Jun , Kim Dae‐Hyeok 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundJ waves are associated with increased vagal activity in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in several studies to date. However, the relationship between J waves and autonomic nervous activity in patients without structural heart disease remains under investigation. We investigated whether the presence of a J wave on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was related to increased vagal activity in patients without structural heart disease.MethodsThis retrospective study included 684 patients without structural heart disease who had undergone Holter ECG and surface ECG monitoring. Based on the presence of J waves on the surface ECG, patients were divided into two groups: those with J waves (group 1) and those without J waves (group 2). We compared heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting autonomic nervous activity, using 24‐h Holter ECG between the groups.ResultsJ waves were present in 92 (13.4%) patients. Heart rate (HR) in group 1 was significantly lesser than that in group 2 (P = 0.031). The ratio of low‐frequency (LF) components to high‐frequency (HF) components (LF/HF) in group 1 was significantly lower than that in group 2 (P = 0.001). The square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals in group 1 was also significantly higher than that in group 2 (P = 0.047). In a multivariate regression analysis, male sex, HR, and LF/HF ratio remained independent determinants for the presence of J waves (P = 0.039, P = 0.036, and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionIn patients without structural heart disease, the presence of a J wave was associated with a slow HR, male sex, and increased vagal activity, independently.
Evaluation of Index of Cardio‐Electrophysiological Balance (iCEB) as a New Biomarker for the Identification of Patients at Increased Arrhythmic Risk
Authors: Robyns Tomas , Lu Hua Rong , Gallacher David J. , Garweg Christophe , Ector Joris , Willems Rik , Janssens Stefan , Nuyens Dieter 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundRecently a new risk marker for drug‐induced arrhythmias called index of cardio‐electrophysiological balance (iCEB), measured as QT interval divided by QRS duration, was evaluated in an animal model. It was hypothesized that iCEB is equivalent to the cardiac wavelength λ (λ = effective refractory period (ERP) x conduction velocity) and that an increased or decreased value of iCEB would potentially predict an increased susceptibility to TdP or non‐TdP mediated VT/VF, respectively.MethodsFirst, the correlation between QT interval and ERP was evaluated by invasively measuring ERP during a ventricular stimulation protocol in humans (N = 40). Then the effect of administration of sotalol and flecainide on iCEB was measured in 40 patients with supraventricular tachycardias. Finally iCEB was assessed in carriers of a long QT syndrome (LQTS, N = 70) or Brugada syndrome (BrS, N = 57) mutation and compared them with genotype negative family members (N = 65).ResultsThe correlation between QT interval and ERP was established (Pearson R2 = 0.25) which suggests that iCEB≈ERPxCV≈QT/QRS. Sotalol administration increased iCEB (+ 0.23; P = 0.01), while it decreased with the administration of flecainide (–0.21, P = 0.03). In the LQTS group iCEB was increased (5.22 ± 0.93, P < 0.0001) compared to genotype negative family members (4.24 ± 0.5), while it was decreased in the BrS group (3.52 ± 0.43, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that iCEB (QT/QRS) is a simple but effective ECG surrogate of cardiac wavelength. iCEB is increased in situations that predispose to TdP and is decreased in situations that predispose to non‐TdP mediated VT/VF. Therefore, iCEB might serve as a noninvasive and readily measurable marker to detect increased arrhythmic risk.
Systematic review: microbial dysbiosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wieland A. , Frank D. N. , Harnke B. , Bambha K. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe human intestinal microbiota is a key regulator of host metabolic and immune functions and alterations in the microbiome (‘dysbiosis’) have been implicated in several human diseases. Because of the anatomical links between the intestines and the liver, dysbiosis may also disrupt hepatic function and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).AimTo perform a comprehensive review of the medical literature investigating associations between intestinal dysbiosis and NAFLD, with a particular emphasis on studies that characterise the microbiome in NAFLD.MethodsWe conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using multiple search terms including: ‘NAFLD, NASH, fatty liver, steatohepatitis’ combined with ‘metagenome, microbiom*, microbiota*, fecal flora, intestinal flora, gut bacteria’. Results were manually reviewed and studies selected based on relevance to intestinal microbiota and NAFLD. We also included studies that addressed potential mechanistic models of pathways linking the dysbiosis to NAFLD.ResultsNine studies (five human and four animal models) were identified in our search that assessed associations between specific intestinal microbiota composition and NAFLD. We reviewed and summarised the results of additional investigations that more broadly addressed the mechanisms by which the microbiome may impact NAFLD pathogenesis.ConclusionsInvestigations in humans and animals demonstrate associations between intestinal dysbiosis and NAFLD; however, causality has not been proven and mechanistic links require further delineation. As the field of microbiome research matures in techniques and study design, more detailed insights into NAFLD pathogenesis and its associations with the intestinal microbiota will be elucidated.
Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication using an Air Seal Intelligent Flow System and Anchor Port in a 1.8‐kg infant: A Technical Report
Authors: Miyano Go , Morita Keiichi , Kaneshiro Masakatsu , Miyake Hiromu , Nouso Hiroshi , Yamoto Masaya , Koyama Mariko , Nakano Reiji , Tanaka Yasuhiko , Fukumoto Koji , Urushihara Naoto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionWe report a case of a 1.8‐kg infant who had laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) using the AirSeal Intelligent Flow System and Anchor Port (AP).Materials and Surgical TechniqueOur case had severe gastroesophageal reflux in association with genetic and cardiac anomalies. Despite the patient being continuously fed, persistent vomiting caused failure to thrive, and LTF was performed at 4 months of age when he weighed 1.8 kg. The AirSeal Intelligent Flow System is a novel laparoscopic CO2 insufflation system that improves the visual field by constantly evacuating smoke and providing a more stable pneumoperitoneum. The AP is a recently developed, stretchable, elastomeric, low‐profile cannula. Three 5‐mm AP were inserted: one subumbilically for the scope and one in both the right and left upper abdomen for the surgeon. A 5‐mm AirSeal trocar was inserted in the left lower abdomen for the assistant. The gastrosplenic ligament was dissected free, and the intra‐abdominal esophagus was prepared. A posterior hiatoplasty was performed, followed by the 270° fundoplication. During the fundoplication, the esophagus was fixed to the crus and then the right and left wraps were fixed to the esophagus. Pneumoperitoneum was maintained stably throughout the LTF procedure, with optimal operative field. Total operating time for LTF was 90 min. Body temperature dropped from 37.4°C to 35.7°C during pneumoperitoneum but resolved once pneumoperitoneum was ceased. Postoperative progress was uneventful, and an upper gastrointestinal study on postoperative day 2 showed no residual gastroesophageal reflux.DiscussionWe believe the AirSeal Intelligent Flow System and AP contributed to the successful completion of LTF in a 1.8‐kg infant.
Video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the left lateral decubitus position in an esophageal cancer patient with pectus excavatum
Authors: Sato Shinsuke , Nagai Erina , Hazama Hiroyuki , Taki Yusuke , Takahashi Michiro , Kyoden Yusuke , Watanabe Masaya , Ohata Ko , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Oba Noriyuki , Takagi Masakazu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuring thoracic cavity operations, it is difficult to obtain sufficient working space and good operative field visibility in patients with pectus excavatum because the space between the vertebral bodies and sternum is very narrow. Here, we report the successful treatment of esophageal cancer in a patient with pectus excavatum. A 77‐year‐old man with esophageal cancer was referred to our hospital for further treatment. He was diagnosed with multiple early esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The patient had pectus excavatum, but because it was asymptomatic, a video‐assisted thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy in the left lateral decubitus position without pectus excavatum repair was selected. Despite the patient's unusual anatomy, video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the left decubitus position allowed for good operative field visibility, as the videoscope was inserted from the side of the diaphragm. This operative procedure is useful in patients with esophageal cancer who also have pectus excavatum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of video‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in an esophageal cancer patient with pectus excavatum.
Effect of short‐chain fatty acids on triacylglycerol accumulation, lipid droplet formation and lipogenic gene expression in goat mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Sun Yuting , Luo Jun , Zhu Jiangjiang , Shi Hengbo , Li Jun , Qiu Siyuan , Wang Ping , Loor Juan J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major energy sources for ruminants and are known to regulate various physiological functions in other species. However, their roles in ruminant milk fat metabolism are still unclear. In this study, goat mammary gland epithelial cells (GMECs) were treated with 3 mmol/L acetate, propionate or butyrate for 24 h to assess their effects on lipogenesis. Data revealed that the content of triacylglycerol (TAG) and lipid droplet formation were significantly stimulated by propionate and butyrate. The expression of FABP3, SCD1, PPARG, SREBP1, DGAT1, AGPAT6 and ADRP were upregulated by propionate and butyrate treatment. In contrast, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of FASN and LXRα was not affected by propionate, but reduced by butyrate. Acetate had no obvious effect on the content of TAG and lipid droplets but increased the mRNA expression of SCD1 and FABP3 in GMECs. Additionally, it was observed that propionate significantly increased the relative content of mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (C18:1 and C16:1) at the expense of decreased saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0). Butyrate and acetate had no significant effect on fatty acid composition. Overall, the results from this work help enhance our understanding of the regulatory role of SCFAs on goat mammary cell lipid metabolism.
Performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles‐containing diets supplemented with phytase and multi‐carbohydrase
Authors: Woyengo Tofuko A. , Ige Dupe V. , Akinremi Oluwole O. , Nyachoti Charles M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEffect of supplementing wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS)‐containing diet with enzymes on nutrient utilization by growing pigs was evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, 60 pigs weighing ~30 kg were fed five diets that included a corn‐based diet (Control), Control with 10% wheat DDGS (DDGS‐PC), DDGS‐PC without inorganic P source (DDGS‐NC), and DDGS‐NC plus phytase alone or with multi‐carbohydrase for 4 weeks to determine average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F). In Experiment 2, 30 barrows weighing 22 kg were fed five diets fed in Experiment 1 to determine nutrient digestibility and retention. Pigs fed DDGS‐PC and Control diets had similar ADG and G:F. The ADG and G:F for DDGS‐PC diet were higher (P < 0.05) than those for DDGS‐NC diet. Phytase improved (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, total tract P digestibility and P retention by 6.6, 8.7, 86.0 and 85.5%, respectively. Addition of multi‐carbohydrase to phytase‐supplemented diet did not affected growth performance, but reduced (P < 0.05) P retention. In conclusion, inclusion of 10% wheat DDGS in growing pig diet may not affect growth performance of growing pigs. Phytase supplementation to wheat DDGS‐containing diet can eliminate the need for inorganic P supplement in pig diets.