bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptoid‐Based Rare‐Earth (Group 3 and Lanthanide) Transporters
Authors: Kölmel Dominik K. , Rudat Birgit , Schepers Ute , Bräse Stefan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGroup 3 and lanthanide metals have been complexed by peptoid transporters [polycationic oligo(N‐substituted glycines)]. To achieve this, the rare‐earth‐complexing DTPA ligand was coupled with the peptoids, and afterwards lanthanide salts were added. The photopysical and biological properties of these complexes were investigated.
Photochromism of Diarylethene‐Functionalized 7‐Deazaguanosines
Authors: Singer Marco , Nierth Alexander , Jäschke Andres 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn a prior report we introduced a novel class of photochromic nucleosides (PCNs) that combine the structural features of adenine with the photochromic properties of diarylethenes. Herein, we translated this concept to the nucleoside guanosine, generating reversibly switching guanosine‐like PCNs. These switches consist of a 7‐deazaguanosine unit and a second aryl functionality, which are linked through a cyclopentene unit. Irradiation of the open‐form isomer with light at 300 nm induces a pericyclic reaction that can be reversed with visible light. In addition to optical stimulation, these switches respond to light‐independent stimuli, such as the presence of acid or complexation with metal ions.
Methane production from anaerobic co‐digestion of maize and cow dung
Authors: Abdoli Mohammad Ali , Amiri Leila , Baghvand Akbar , Nasiri Javad , Madadian Edris 
Published: April 2013

Anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment of agricultural and animal waste can be considered as a means of enabling environmental remediation. This research investigated two conditions of anaerobic co‐digestion of maize waste and cow dung. This was done by placing a mixture of cow dung and maize waste together in a floating drum digester that was run at two different cow dung/maize ratios of 10:1 and 10:5. Batch conditions were on a bench‐scale of AD, 5 L in volume, developed to operate under mesophilic (36 ± 1°C).Results showed that biogas and methane yields from mesophilic digestion at the ratio of 10:1 were lower than yields obtained at ratio tested in the second run (10:5). Biogas yields were 250 and 480 L/kg VS for first and second runs, respectively. In the case of methane, these amounts were presented at 130 and 300 L/kg VS. Furthermore, the average methane content of biogas was calculated as 51 and 62%, in first and second runs respectively. The total biogas production of the reactor increased by 92% when substrates were fed in second condition ratio compared to biogas production during the first condition ratio. In continue the effect of adding maize waste on biogas yield from cow dung was evaluated in batch digesters under mesophilic conditions. The addition of maize waste to cow dung presents a viable method to improve biogas yield, as well as a means to use maize waste. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 597–601, 2014
Numerical simulation of the impact of sediment supply and streamflow variations on channel grain sizes and Chinook salmon habitat in mountain drainage networks
Authors: Neupane Sagar , Yager Elowyn M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTClimatically driven changes in streamflow and hillslope sediment supply could potentially alter stream surface grain size distribution patterns and thereby impact habitat for a number of threatened and endangered in‐stream fish species. Relatively little is known about hydrograph (shape, peak flow) influence or the relative importance of chronic and episodic hillslope inputs on channel conditions. To better understand these external drivers, we calculated sediment routing through a gravel‐bedded river network using a one‐dimensional (1D) bedload transport model. We calculated changes in grain sizes and estimated Chinook salmon habitat suitability caused by a dry year and an extreme flood hydrograph, and chronic (diffusive, overland flow) or pulse (landslide, debris flow) hillslope sediment supplies. To obtain accurate channel conditions, a relatively high reference Shields stress, representative of steep mountain streams, was needed. An extreme event flood without any hillslope sediment inputs caused widespread bed coarsening and a decrease in aquatic habitat. Chronic sediment input combined with this hydrograph eliminated any changes in grain size and habitat, although when combined with a dry year flow, caused systematic bed fining. The influence of a given hydrograph therefore highly depends on the hillslope sediment supply. Regardless of the flow hydrograph or sediment pulse timing, grain size distribution or location, pulse sediment inputs did not cause widespread grain size changes despite being 100 times the total chronic input volume. Widespread and continuous hillslope sediment inputs may influence channel grain sizes and aquatic habitat more than a single discrete sediment pulse. Depending on the magnitudes of flow hydrograph and sediment supply alterations, climate change may induce no differences in grain sizes or very dramatic changes with significant consequences for long‐term sustainability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expiration‐Day Effects of Stock and Index Futures and Options in Sweden: The Return of the Witches
Authors: Xu Caihong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecently, the NASDAQ‐OMX Nordic Exchange announced a change of expiration day for the OMXS 30 index futures and options. The OMXS 30 index derivatives used to expire on the fourth Friday of the expiry month while derivatives on individual stocks expired on the third Friday. After the change, derivatives on both the index and individual stocks expire on the third Friday of the expiry month making the third Friday the “quadruple witching Friday” as stock futures, stock options, index futures, and index options expire simultaneously. This contractual change provides a unique opportunity to investigate its impact on expiration‐day effects. The results show that there is hardly any expiration‐day effect due to the derivatives' expirations before or after the contractual change, except the abnormally higher trading volumes at the stock derivatives' expirations before the change, and on the quadruple witching Fridays after the change. Most importantly, there is no significantly intensified abnormal volume, volatility, or price distortion effect due to the seemingly “extraordinary” change in the OMXS 30 index derivatives, despite the quadruple witching expirations after the change. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:868–882, 2014
Semidiurnal perturbations to the surge of Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Valle‐Levinson Arnoldo , Olabarrieta Maitane , Valle Alvaro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHurricane Sandy drove storm surges throughout the eastern seaboard of the United States, from Miami to Maine, at the end of October 2012. The surge was particularly high (>3 m) in coastal New York. In the southeastern United States, the surge was <1 m but had striking semidiurnal perturbations that reached a range of ~0.5 m in northern Florida and southern Georgia. These oscillations are typically not considered in surge forecasts and their origin needs to be understood for future forecasts. Analytical and numerical approaches indicated that semidiurnal perturbations arose from an interaction between astronomical tide and wind forcing. This combination of forcing caused phase shifts between incident and reflected tidal waves that customarily produce quasi‐standing tidal conditions in the area. Atmospheric forcing of sufficient strength, which threshold remains to be established, disrupted such quasi‐standing tidal behavior through Coriolis accelerations and triggered the semidiurnal perturbations.
Seismic evidence for high pore pressures in the oceanic crust: Implications for fluid‐related embrittlement
Authors: Shiina Takahiro , Nakajima Junichi , Matsuzawa Toru 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe estimated the P wave velocity structure of the crust of the subducting Pacific plate beneath northeast Japan using arrival time data of P‐to‐S‐converted waves. The results show that the P wave velocity of the subducting crust varies along the arc and increases abruptly at a depth of ~100 km, from 6.5–7.0 km/s in the fore arc to 7.5–8.5 km/s in the back arc. The P wave velocity in the fore arc is ~10% lower than theoretically expected values for the metamorphosed mid‐ocean ridge basalt material. Seismicity in the subducting crust is most active at depths of 70–80 km where P wave velocities are lowest. The marked reduction of P wave velocity suggests the coexistence of aqueous fluids with hydrous minerals. Abundant fluids elevate pore fluid pressures and reduce effective normal stress, promoting intensive seismic activity in the low‐velocity crust. Our observations provide seismic evidence that earthquakes in the subducting crust are facilitated by fluid‐related embrittlement.
An inter‐basin backwater overflow (the Buhai Brook and the Ezer reservoir on the Jijia River, Romania)
Authors: Romanescu Gheorghe , Stoleriu Cristian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring the last few years, the north‐western part of Romania has been affected by catastrophic floods with most of the watercourses reaching their highest recorded discharges. This study reports the generation of a numerical terrain model and the simulation of a backwater phenomenon at elevation steps according to the volume of water accumulated at the confluence of the Buhai Brook with the Jijia River. The hydrological data are complemented by rainfall data and the careful recording of the flood behaviour during the entire period of its development. The main aim of the study is to identify the causes of the backwater phenomenon and to highlight the material damage inflicted on the town of Dorohoi. At the same time, the study uses cartographic model that was developed to establish which areas are at risk of flooding at various levels of probability. The catastrophic flood began on the Buhai Brook, a slow‐flowing stream that drains the areas to the west of the town of Dorohoi and discharged into the upstream sector of the Jijia confluence. The flood caused two types of backwater waves: one behind the bridges and the houses built on the floodplain and a second that followed the course of the main stem (Jijia) upstream from the confluence, flooding the Ezer Lake, which was created specifically to attenuate such floods. The spillway backwater phenomenon was inter‐basin as it did not occur in a single hydrographic basin. The causes of the catastrophic flash flood and of the inter‐basin backwater overflow are natural but also reflect anthropogenic influence. After the lake filled, the discharge into the Jijia was controlled and the flooding downstream was thus greatly diminished. Though fortuitous, the backwater flooding was important in mitigating the impact of the flood wave from the Jijia River. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmentally sustainable management of water demands under changing climate conditions in the Upper Ganges Basin, India
Authors: Sapkota Pratibha , Bharati Luna , Gurung Pabitra , Kaushal Nitin , Smakhtin Vladimir 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAllocation of water to cities, industries and agriculture has been a common practice in river basin planning and management. It is widely accepted that water also needs to be allocated for the aquatic environment, i.e. alongside the demands of other users. This paper describes the application of a basin planning model (Water Evaluation and Planning Model) to assess present and alternative water management options, which include incorporation of environmental flows (EFs) in the Upper Ganges River, India. Furthermore, the impacts of projected climate changes are also considered. The paper also briefly summarizes the EF assessment methodology, which was conducted through a multidisciplinary, multi‐stakeholder approach (Building Blocks methodology). This is the first time that a comprehensive EF assessment has been done in India. Results from this study show that annual water demands for the domestic, industrial and irrigation water use are 1375, 1029 and 6680 MCM, respectively. Unmet demands, i.e. when there is not enough water to fulfil the required demands, were a problem during December and January for the past climate and during December, January and February under climate change‐projected conditions. Adding EFs increased unmet demands in the same winter months. During March–November, unmet water demands were less than 5 MCM even with the addition of EFs. Reducing crop type to less water intense crops was more effective in reducing unmet demands than decreasing the cropped area. Improving irrigation systems through improved efficiency and water saving technologies as well as conjunctive use of surface and ground water is also viable options. However, the most effective water management solution is from managing upstream storage structures such as the Tehri dam for increased dry season flows. Dry season releases from Tehri dam can be used to reduce the downstream unmet demands, which include EFs to less than 5 MCM/month. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of PTH(1-34) on fracture healing during different loading conditions
Authors: Ellegaard Maria , Kringelbach Tina , Syberg Susanne , Petersen Solveig , Beck Jensen Jens-Erik , Brüel Annemarie , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Schwarz Peter 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH(1-34) have been shown to promote bone healing in several animal studies. It is known that the mechanical environment is important in fracture healing. Furthermore, PTH and mechanical loading has been suggested to have synergistic effects on intact bone. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of PTH(1-34) on fracture healing in rats was influenced by reduced mechanical loading. For this purpose, we used female, 25-week-old ovariectomized rats. Animals were subjected to closed midshaft fracture of the right tibia 10 weeks after ovariectomy. Five days before fracture, half of the animals received Botulinum Toxin A injections in the muscles of the fractured leg to induce muscle paralysis (unloaded group), whereas the other half received saline injections (control group). For the following 8 weeks, half of the animals in each group received injections of hPTH(1-34) (20 µg/kg/day) and the other half received vehicle treatment. Fracture healing was assessed by radiology, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), histology, and bone strength analysis. We found that unloading reduced callus area significantly, whereas no effects of PTH(1-34) on callus area were seen in neither normally nor unloaded animals. PTH(1-34) increased callus bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) significantly, whereas unloading decreased callus BMD and BMC significantly. PTH(1-34) treatment increased bone volume of the callus in both unloaded and control animals. PTH(1-34) treatment increased ultimate force of the fracture by 63% in both control and unloaded animals and no interaction of the two interventions could be detected. PTH(1-34) was able to stimulate bone formation in normally loaded as well as unloaded intact bone. In conclusion, the study confirms the stimulatory effect of PTH(1-34) on fracture healing, and our data suggest that PTH(1-34) is able to promote fracture healing, as well as intact bone formation during conditions of reduced mechanical loading. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Cheap and Efficient Methodology for the Solvent‐Free, One‐pot and Multi‐component Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Catalyzed by Mesoporous NH4H2PO4/MCM‐48 and Comparison of Its Catalytic Efficacy with NH4H2PO4/MCM‐41
Authors: Tayebee Reza , Abdollahi Nasrin , Ghadamgahi Malihe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe catalytic efficiency of ammonium dihydrogenphosphate was evaluated in the two heterogeneous forms of NH4H2PO4/MCM‐48 and NH4H2PO4/MCM‐41, as mesoporous catalysts, in the solvent free synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones through one‐pot three‐component condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, an aryl aldehyde and urea. Different reaction parameters including catalytic efficacy, solvent effect, and urea concentration are considered.
Highly Thermal‐Stable Supramolecular Assembly of a Hydrogen‐Bonded Mononuclear Nickel(II) Histidine Compound
Authors: Ke Szu‐Yu , Wang Chih‐Chieh , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA chiral nickel histidine compound, [Ni(L‐his)2]×H2O (1, L‐his = anion of L‐histidine), was synthesized in high yield from the reaction of Ni(OAc)2×4H2O and L‐histidine in the presence of 4,4′‐bipyridine under mild reaction conditions. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2, with a chemical formula of C12H18N6NiO5, cell parameters: a = 29.416(2) Å, b = 8.2667(7) Å, c = 6.3137(5) Å, β = 90.066(2)°, V = 1535.3(2) Å3 and Z = 4. Each nickel(II) ion in 1 is six coordinated, bonded to two oxygen donors and four nitrogen donors from two crystallographically independent L‐his− ligands with a tridentate coordination mode to form a monomeric species. Monomeric forms of 1 undergo self‐assembly to form a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture via subtle combinations of N‐H···O type hydrogen bonding interactions among the adjacent L‐his−ligands and π‐π stacking interactions among the imidazole rings of the L‐his− ligands. The supramolecular entity exhibits an unusually high thermal stability, at temperatures of up to 360 °C and shows reversible de‐/re‐hydration properties.
Ruthenium Complexes with an Anthyridine‐based Ligand. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Lo Ying‐Hao , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: April 2013

AbstractComplexation of 2,7‐bis(2‐pyridinyl)‐9‐phenylanthyridine (4) with [RuCl2(CO)3(THF)] and [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 provided the mono‐nuclear complex [(4)Ru(CO)3Cl][RuCl3(CO)3] (5) and the dinuclear complex [(4)Ru2(p‐cymene)2Cl2] (6), respectively. Both complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic, elemental and crystallographic analyses. Complex 6 is an efficient catalyst for the oxidative cyanation of various tertiary arylamines.
Hydrogen production from meat processing and restaurant waste derived crude glycerol by anaerobic fermentation and utilization of the spent broth
Authors: Sarma Saurabh Jyoti , Brar Satinder Kaur , Le Bihan Yann , Buelna Gerardo , Soccol Carlos Ricardo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrude glycerol (CG), the major by‐product of the biodiesel production process, could be used for biohydrogen production. However, fermentative hydrogen production is limited by the cost of buffer and additional nutrients required for the process. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine maximum H2 production potential of CG in the absence of any additional expensive supplement. Another objective was sustainable utilization of the waste from the H2 production process.RESULTSA maximum production of 2022.5 mL H2 L−1 media was achieved by CG bioconversion (without any additional nutrient) and 10 g L−1 CG was found to be optimum. Further, the addition of spent biomass (50 mg L−1) from the process into a subsequent process was found to improve production by 32.5% with a maximum rate of 1040 mL L−1 day−1. Similarly, nearly 75% of total H2 was produced at a pH as low as 3.8, indicating high acid tolerance of the strain (Enterobacter aerogenes NRRL B407) used.CONCLUSIONMeat processing and restaurant waste based CG has been characterized and evaluated for maximum H2 production potential. Utilization of spent biomass from the CG bioconversion process (as supplement) was found to improve process performance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Prevalence and clinical relevance of extracardiac findings at cardiac MRI
Authors: Sohns Jan Martin , Schwarz Alexander , Menke Jan , Staab Wieland , Spiro Judith Eva , Lotz Joachim , Unterberg‐Buchwald Christina 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo assess the incidence of extracardiac findings in patients undergoing clinical cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) of the heart, and to determine the influence of those findings on patient management.Materials and MethodsDuring 40 months, 854 CMRI were performed at 1.5 T. Extracardiac findings were classified as significant (group A), if recommended for additional diagnostics or therapeutic interventions, and as nonsignificant (group B).ResultsThe most frequent indication for CMRI was evaluation of cardiac stress ischemia. In all, 631 CMRI (74% of 854) showed no extracardiac pathologies. In the remaining 223 CMRI (26% of 854), a total of 286 extracardiac findings were detected. Among these findings, 49 were considered significant (group A) and 237 nonsignificant (group B). In group A, the most common findings were suspicious pulmonary nodules or masses. In group B, the most frequent findings were hepatic cysts or hemangiomas. Eight malignancies were observed with certainty at CMRI. Seven of them had been incidentally diagnosed on CMRI for the first time, and subsequently changed the patients' management.ConclusionExtracardiac findings in clinically indicated CMRI are common (about 26%). Radiologists and cardiologists should be aware of relevant extracardiac findings that might require additional diagnostics or treatment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:68–76. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential relationship between BK virus and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bulut Yasemin , Ozdemir Enver , Ozercan Halil Ibrahim , Etem Ebru Onalan , Aker Fugen , Toraman Zulal Asci , Seyrek Adnan , Firdolas Fatih 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the potential association between the presence of BK virus (BKV) DNA and mRNA and renal cell carcinoma and bladder transitional cell carcinoma. The formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were obtained from 50 cancer patients with renal cell carcinoma, 40 cancer patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 45 control patients with the benign renal pathology, and from another 25 control patients with benign bladder pathology. The samples were subjected to nested PCR for detection of BKV DNA and real‐time reverse transcription PCR (real‐time RT‐PCR) for determining mRNA levels of BKV. The results of the nested PCR indicated that 23 (14.3%) of 160 samples were positive for BKV DNA. The relationship between the cancer and the presence of BKV DNA was significant (P < 0.05). The BKV DNA positivity was significantly associated with the histological diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (P = 0.03), but not with that of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. The results of real‐time RT‐PCR showed that the mRNA of BKV VP1 was present in 69.5% of the BKV DNA positive samples. The levels of BKV mRNA were significantly higher in the renal cell cancer samples than in the control samples (P < 0.05). The results of the present study confirm the association between BKV and renal cell cancer. The findings also indicated that the presence of BKV DNA resulted in a fivefold increase in the risk of development of renal cell carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1085–1089, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.