bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choledochoscopic high‐frequency needle‐knife electrotomy as an effective treatment for intrahepatic biliary strictures
Authors: Yang Yu‐Long , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Gang , Wu Ping , Ma Yue‐Feng , Zhang Hong‐Wei , Shi Li‐Jun , Li Jing‐Yi , Lin Mei‐Ju , Yang Shi‐Ming , Lv Yi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimHepatolithiasis is associated with the presence of intrahepatic biliary strictures, and balloon dilatation is the main approach. However, this method is difficult to implement if the bile duct distal to the stricture is blocked by stones. Therefore, alternative methods need to be explored to effectively treat hepatolithiasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of choledochoscopic high‐frequency needle‐knife electrotomy for the treatment of intrahepatic biliary strictures.MethodsClinical data of 58 patients suffering from intrahepatic bile
duct strictures from January 2011 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Choledochoscopic electrotomy was used to resolve the strictures.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐four sites of intrahepatic bile duct strictures were discovered. The average operating time of electrotomy is 5.6 min (range, 1 ∼ 15 min). Structured bile duct tissue bleeding occurred in eight sites (8/134, 6.0%) but were resolved by endoscopic high‐frequency electric cautery. After the operations, 14 cases of cholangitis (14/58, 24.1%), three cases of delayed hemobilia, one case of liver abscess (1/58, 1.7%), and seven cases of stenting exodus (7/58, 12.1%) were observed despite conservative treatment and stenting reset. The average supporting time was 7.0 months (6 ∼ 9 months). No abnormal bile duct structure or presence of stone was found according to choledochoscopy. The follow‐up period ranged from 12 to 48 months. Hepatolithiasis recurred in five (5/58, 8.6%) patients, and the cumulative recurrent probability of intrahepatic bile duct stricture was 5.2% (7/134).ConclusionsCholedochoscopic high‐frequency needle‐knife electrotomy could be considered as a simple, safe, and effective complementary approach for treating intrahepatic biliary strictures.
The Resilience of Interdependent Industrial Symbiosis Networks: A Case of Yixing Economic and Technological Development Zone
Authors: Li Yang , Shi Lei 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAn industrial symbiosis (IS) network (ISN) is a typical complex system, and resilience is one of its core features. In this article, we investigated the relationship between resilience and interdependency within and between various IS systems. An interdependent network model was proposed based on complex network theory, which preserved the heterogeneity of exchange content and the diversity of symbiosis relationships. We used Yixing Economic and Technological Development Zone (YETDZ) in Jiangsu, China, as the case to construct a material exchange network and three infrastructure‐sharing networks. The result implied that increased interdependency contributed to the vulnerability of the system, but it did not necessarily contribute to its resilience. In our model, we identified the significant companies, materials, and infrastructure pipes in YETDZ through centrality metrics and proved the fragility of the system when deliberate changes took place in these components. We also showed the consequence of cascading failures in a single network and distinguished the most vulnerable companies exposed to failures by simulations. The interdependency between material exchange and infrastructure systems were analyzed in two scenarios, and the results implied that more attention should be placed on the key components between different IS systems. In such cases, both managers and planners of ISNs should take proper actions to enhance the adaptability of ISNs, protect significant components, and control cascading failures. The awareness of interdependency should be an indispensable part in future planning and management.
Short‐term post‐operative pain and discomfort following insertion of mini‐implants for retaining mandibular overdentures: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ribeiro A. B. , Della Vecchia M. P. , Cunha T. R. , Sorgini D. B. , dos Reis A. C. , Muglia V. A. , de Albuquerque R. F. , de Souza R. F. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe retention of removable dentures by mini‐implants is a relatively recent treatment modality and may lead to minimal post‐operative trauma. This study compared post‐operative pain and discomfort following the insertion of mini‐implants (two or four) or two standard‐size implants for the retention of mandibular overdentures. One hundred and twenty edentulous participants (mean age 59·5 ± 8·5 years) were randomly allocated into three groups according to received treatment: (GI) four mini‐implants, (GII) two mini‐implants or (GIII) two standard implants. Seven days after implant insertion, patients answered questions (100‐mm VAS) relating to pain, swelling, and discomfort with chewing, speech and hygiene, considering their experiences during the 1st and 6th day. Groups were compared by two‐way anova (α = 0·05). All participants (GI: 38; GII: 42; GIII: 40) were analysed after 7 days. At the 6th day, GI felt significantly higher pain than GII and GIII. GI also reported more difficulty in performing oral hygiene practices than GIII during the 1st day. There was no significant difference between groups for the other questions and periods. No participant suffered unexpected side effects. The use of four mini‐implants induces more intense post‐operative pain at the 6th day than the insertion of two mini‐ or conventional fixtures, as well as more difficult oral hygiene on the 1st day. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01411683; FAPESP, 2011/00688‐7 and 2011/23347‐0.
Needs of Chinese Families With Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Turnbull Ann , Summers Jean Ann , Wang Mian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis qualitative inquiry focused on the perceptions that Chinese families of children with developmental disabilities have pertaining to their needs. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews; transcript analysis relied on the constant comparative method. We identified seven categories of needs, subsumed under the following three thematic areas: survival needs, sufficiency needs, and enhancement needs. Survival needs refer to maintaining basic family existence and include (1) financial needs and (2) physical health needs. Sufficiency needs refer to families' needs for social inclusion, educational support, and relationships with others, and include the categories of (3) higher quality education and therapy for the child; (4) home‐based education and information for parents; and (5) social inclusion for both parents and the child. Finally, the third theme relates to enhancement needs, defined as families' needs to realize family growth and development for a better family life; this includes the categories of (6) emotional health and (7) future planning. The authors found sufficiency needs were more child focused among respondents and that survival and enhancement needs for families in this study were directly linked to the whole family unit in promoting the family's overall functioning. The dynamic nature of needs suggests that more than one need may motivate families’ desires for enhanced family quality of life.
The August θ‐Aquillid fireballs and possible relationship with the asteroid 2004MB6
Authors: Kokhirova Gulchekhra I. , Babadzhanov Pulat B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree bright fireballs belonging to the August θ‐Aquillid (ATA) meteor shower were photographed by the Tajikistan fireball network in 2009. Two of them are classified as the meteorite‐dropping fireballs according to the determined parameters of the atmospheric trajectories, velocities, masses, and densities. Detection of the more dense bodies among cometary meteoroids points to a heterogeneous composition of the parent comet, and supports the suggestion that some meteorites might originate in the outer solar system, in the given case from the Jupiter‐family comet reservoir. A search for the stream's parent was undertaken among the near‐Earth asteroids (NEAs); as a result, the asteroid 2004MB6 was identified as a possible progenitor of the ATA meteoroid stream. Investigation of the orbital evolution of the 2004MB6 and the fireball‐producing meteoroid TN170809A showed that both objects have similar secular variations in the orbital elements during 7 kyr. The comet‐like orbit of the 2004MB6 and its association with the ATA shower suppose a cometary origin of the asteroid.
Spatial heterogeneity in landscape structure influences dispersal and genetic structure: empirical evidence from a grasshopper in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Gauffre Bertrand , Mallez Sophie , Chapuis Marie‐Pierre , Leblois Raphael , Litrico Isabelle , Delaunay Sabrina , Badenhausser Isabelle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDispersal may be strongly influenced by landscape and habitat characteristics that could either enhance or restrict movements of organisms. Therefore, spatial heterogeneity in landscape structure could influence gene flow and the spatial structure of populations. In the past decades, agricultural intensification has led to the reduction in grassland surfaces, their fragmentation and intensification. As these changes are not homogeneously distributed in landscapes, they have resulted in spatial heterogeneity with generally less intensified hedged farmland areas remaining alongside streams and rivers. In this study, we assessed spatial pattern of abundance and population genetic structure of a flightless grasshopper species,Pezotettix giornae, based on the surveys of 363 grasslands in a 430‐km² agricultural landscape of western France. Data were analysed using geostatistics and landscape genetics based on microsatellites markers and computer simulations. Results suggested that small‐scale intense dispersal allows this species to survive in intensive agricultural landscapes. A complex spatial genetic structure related to landscape and habitat characteristics was also detected. TwoP. giornaegenetic clusters bisected by a linear hedged farmland were inferred from clustering analyses. This linear hedged farmland was characterized by high hedgerow and grassland density as well as higher grassland temporal stability that were suspected to slow down dispersal. Computer simulations demonstrated that a linear‐shaped landscape feature limiting dispersal could be detected as a barrier to gene flow and generate the observed genetic pattern. This study illustrates the relevance of using computer simulations to test hypotheses in landscape genetics studies.
Tetranychus urticae‐triggered responses promote genotype‐dependent conspecific repellence or attractiveness in citrus
Authors: Agut Blas , Gamir Jordi , Jaques Josep A. , Flors Victor 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe citrus rootstocks sour orange and Cleopatra mandarin display differential resistance againstTetranychus urticae. Sour orange plants support reduced oviposition, growth rates and damage compared with Cleopatra mandarin plants. Jasmonic acid signalling and flavonoid accumulation have been revealed as key mechanisms for the enhanced resistance of sour orange plants.In this study, we observed that the release ofT. urticaeherbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from sour orange plants has a marked repellent effect on conspecific mites associated with the production of the terpenes α‐ocimene, α‐farnesene, pinene andd‐limonene, and the green leaf volatile 4‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone. By contrast,T. urticaeHIPVs from Cleopatra mandarin plants promote conspecific mite attraction associated with an increase in (2‐butoxyethoxy) ethanol,benzaldehyde and methyl salicylate levels.HIPVs released from sour orange plants followingT. urticaeinfestation induce resistance in Cleopatra mandarin plants, thereby reducing oviposition rates and stimulating the oxylipin biosynthetic genelipoxygenase2(LOX2). CleopatraHIPVs do not affect the response toT. urticaeof these rootstocks.We conclude that sour orange plants promote herbivore‐induced resistance in Cleopatra mandarin plants and, despite the weak basal resistance of these rootstocks, herbivore resistance can be induced through the combination ofHIPVs, such as α‐ocimene andd‐limonene.
Plant herbivory responses through changes in leaf quality have no effect on subsequent leaf‐litter decomposition in a neotropical rain forest tree community
Authors: Cárdenas Rafael E. , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Valencia Renato , Argoti Adriana , Dangles Olivier 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIt is commonly accepted that plant responses to foliar herbivory (e.g. plant defenses) can influence subsequent leaf‐litter decomposability in soil. While several studies have assessed the herbivory–decomposability relationship among different plant species, experimental tests at the intra‐specific level are rare, although critical for a mechanistic understanding of how herbivores affect decomposition and its consequences at the ecosystem scale.Using 17 tree species from the Yasuní National Park, Ecuadorian Amazonia, and applying three different herbivore damage treatments, we experimentally tested whether the plant intra‐specific responses to herbivory, through changes in leaf quality, affect subsequent leaf‐litter decomposition in soil.We found no effects of herbivore damage on the subsequent decomposition of leaf litter within any of the species tested. Our results suggest that leaf traits affecting herbivory are different from those influencing decomposition. Herbivore damage showed much higher intra‐specific than inter‐specific variability, while we observed the opposite for decomposition.Our findings support the idea that interactions between consumers and their resources are controlled by different factors for the green and the brown food‐webs in tropical forests, where herbivory may not necessarily generate any direct positive or negative feedbacks for nutrient cycling.
Warming differentially influences the effects of drought on stoichiometry and metabolomics in shoots and roots
Authors: Gargallo‐Garriga Albert , Sardans Jordi , Pérez‐Trujillo Míriam , Oravec Michal , Urban Otmar , Jentsch Anke , Kreyling Juergen , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Parella Teodor , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Plants in natural environments are increasingly being subjected to a combination of abiotic stresses, such as drought and warming, in many regions. The effects of each stress and the combination of stresses on the functioning of shoots and roots have been studied extensively, but little is known about the simultaneous metabolome responses of the different organs of the plant to different stresses acting at once.

We studied the shift in metabolism and elemental composition of shoots and roots of two perennial grasses, Holcus lanatus and Alopecurus pratensis, in response to simultaneous drought and warming.

These species responded differently to individual and simultaneous stresses. These responses were even opposite in roots and shoots. In plants exposed to simultaneous drought and warming, terpenes, catechin and indole acetic acid accumulated in shoots, whereas amino acids, quinic acid, nitrogenous bases, the osmoprotectants choline and glycine betaine, and elements involved in growth (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) accumulated in roots. Under drought, warming further increased the allocation of primary metabolic activity to roots and changed the composition of secondary metabolites in shoots.

These results highlight the plasticity of plant metabolomes and stoichiometry, and the different complementary responses of shoots and roots to complex environmental conditions.
Locating Control Points In Aerial Images With A Multi‐Scale Approach Based On Terrestrial Image Patches
Authors: Berveglieri Adilson , Tommaselli Antonio M. G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of the proposed approach is to locate and measure ground control points in aerial images when large image search spaces are defined due to the use of inaccurate initial exterior orientation parameters, such as those provided by consumer‐grade navigation systems. Vertical terrestrial image patches covering control point areas are generated and compared with aerial patches using feature‐ and area‐based matching algorithms to automatically determine their corresponding positions in aerial images with sub‐pixel precision. The approach is based on techniques for both image search space reduction and adaptive least squares matching. Experiments with real data were performed with bundle block triangulation and the results were analysed using control and check points in both object and image spaces. The proposed technique enabled a significant reduction in the search space within which it was feasible to successfully locate control points. Compared with manual measurements, the results obtained by the automatic technique were more accurate, achieving one‐fifth of the ground sample distance in planimetric check point discrepancies.
Exporting and Productivity: The Effects of Multi‐Product and Multi‐Market Export Entry
Authors: Masso Jaan , Vahter Priit 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEmpirical studies on the micro‐level effects of exporting on productivity pay usually little attention to the potentially heterogeneous effects of the different modes of export market entry. We show that multi‐product export entry is associated with higher post‐entry productivity compared to other firms. This can imply significant benefits from experimentation with different products. Our analysis is based on detailed export data from full population of firms in Estonia, disaggregated for each firm by export markets and individual products.
Different Approaches, Different Results in Small State Studies: Complementary Views on the Monarchy and Traditional Governance in Liechtenstein
Authors: Wolf Sebastian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe research note comments on W. Veenendaal's article “A Big Prince in a Tiny Realm: Smallness, Monarchy, and Political Legitimacy in the Principality of Liechtenstein”. It is argued, inter alia, that the phenomenon of “princely self‐restraint” should not be underestimated in Liechtenstein's constitutional reality. The character of the microstate's actual political system strongly depends on the individual personality of the Reigning Prince. A strong monarch who acts as a political actor with his own agenda should not be conceptualized as a neutral traditional leader. From the perspective of many citizens of Liechtenstein, the principality's political system is legitimate since it combines traditional authority and legal‐rational authority in a unique way. Largely due to the powerful role of the government, the microstate is characterized by consensus‐oriented hierarchical governance. Elite surveys can be seen as a useful instrument to overcome some of the methodological pitfalls of the elite interview approach.
Combining tape stripping and non‐invasive reflectance confocal microscopy : an in vivo model to study skin damage
Authors: Peppelman M. , van den Eijnde W. A. J. , Jaspers E. J. , Gerritsen M‐J. P. , van Erp P. E. J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundEvaluation of (immuno)histological and cell biological changes in damaged skin requires often an invasive skin biopsy, making in vivo models inappropriate to study skin damage. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) might overcome this limitation. Therefore, we evaluated the use of a tape‐stripping model in combination with RCM to provide morphological data on skin damage and recovery.MethodsIn 25 volunteers, a tape‐stripping stimulus was applied. The skin was imaged with RCM during 1 week and 3 mm punch biopsies were obtained.ResultsStrong correlations between epidermal thickness determined by RCM and conventional histological measurements were found. RCM thickness measurements correlated well with epidermal proliferation. The 10× or 15× repeated tape‐stripping resulted in skin damage similar to acute stripping. Mild repeated tape‐stripping showed no skin damage.ConclusionOverall, we demonstrated that non‐invasive RCM in combination with tape‐stripping could be used as model to obtain morphological and cell biological data on skin‐material interactions.
Menthol concentration in topical cold gel does not have significant effect on skin cooling
Authors: Lasanen R. , Julkunen P. , Airaksinen O. , Töyräs J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundTopical menthol gels are used in the treatment of various pain conditions. However, the effect of the menthol concentration to skin cooling or cooling sensation is not clear. We hypothesized that increasing menthol concentration enhances skin cooling and causes elevated cooling sensation.MethodsTen healthy male volunteers (age range 25–30 years) were recruited for this study. Application of three gels with different menthol concentrations (0.5%, 4.6% and 10.0%) was tested in random sequence on the left thigh of the subjects. Skin cooling was recorded with a digital infrared camera (FLIR Systems Inc., USA), and cooling sensation was measured with the visual analogue scale rating.ResultsAll gels decreased skin temperature significantly (P < 0.05) at least for one hour. However, the variation in menthol concentration seemed not to have a significant effect on skin cooling. Subjects experienced that gel with 4.6% menthol concentration caused significantly stronger cooling effect than 0.5% and 10.0% gels. Gel application had no significant effect on skin temperature in surrounding skin areas.ConclusionIn contrast to our hypothesis, menthol concentration was not connected to skin cooling, while moderate menthol concentration of 4.6% may induce stronger cooling sensation compared to low (0.5%) or high (10.0%) concentration gels.
Symmetric Merge and Local Instability: Evidence from Split Topics
Authors: Ott Dennis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I argue against the standard analysis of so‐called split topics in German as discontinuous noun phrases (van Riemsdijk 1989). Building in part on Fanselow 1988, I show that the construction rather involves two morphosyntactically autonomous nominal constituents that are predicatively related in underlying form. This predication is syntactically unstable, however. Merge of twoXPs within a single argument or adjunct position yields a symmetric structure for which no label (“head”) can be detected by Minimal Search (“for any syntactic object {α,β},αis the head if α is a lexical item”; see Chomsky 2008). Therefore, one of the two noun phrases must move at the phase level in order to render the structure asymmetric; in case the stranded noun phrase is elliptical, the impression of a discontinuous constituent arises. By providing a principled explanation for split topicalization in these terms, the analysis furnishes evidence for an architecture in which Merge applies freely (pacerecent claims to the contrary, e.g., in Kayne 2010), and as an asymmetrizing device when applying internally (as movement), in the spirit of Moro 2000 and Chomsky 2013.
Biomathematical Conferences and Schools for Young Scientists at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Anguelov Roumen , Markov Svetoslav 
Published: March 2015

This is a brief report on some international meetings В in the field of biomathematics and scientific computations organized within the frames of the В Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Most В meetings involved both a scientific conference and a School for Young Scientists aiming to attract doctoral students and young scientists and to promote the В В integration between learning and research activities.