bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic response of Tempranillo grapevine to climate change scenarios
Authors: Salazar‐Parra C. , Aguirreolea J. , Sánchez‐Díaz M. , Irigoyen J.J. , Morales F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPhotosynthesis in C3 plants is CO2 limited and therefore any increase in Rubisco carboxylation substrate may increase net CO2 fixation, unless plants experience acclimation or other limitations. These aspects are largely unexplored in grapevine. Photosynthesis analysis was used to assess the stomatal, mesophyll, photochemical and biochemical contributions to the decreasing photosynthesis observed in Tempranillo grapevines (Vitis vinifera) from veraison to ripeness, modulated by CO2, temperature and water availability. Photosynthesis and photosystem II photochemistry decreased from veraison to ripeness. The elevated CO2 and temperature increased photosynthesis, but transiently, in both well irrigated (WI) and water‐stressed plants. Photosynthetic rates were maxima 1 week after the start of elevated CO2 and temperature treatments, but differences with treatments of ambient conditions disappeared with time. There were not marked changes in leaf water status, leaf chlorophyll or leaf protein that could limit photosynthesis at ripeness. Leaf total soluble sugars remained at ripeness as high as 2 weeks after the start of treatments. On the other hand, and as expected, CO2 diffusional limitations impaired photosynthesis in grapevine plants grown under water scarcity, stomatal and mesophyll conductances to CO2 decreased and in turn low chloroplastic CO2 concentrations limited photosynthetic CO2 fixation. In summary, photochemistry and photosynthesis from veraison to ripeness in Tempranillo grapevine were dominated by a developmental‐related decreasing trend that was only transiently influenced by elevated CO2 concentrations.
Dual source CT angiography in popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Liu Cheng , Wang Rengui , Hou Dailun , Chen JiuHong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical value of dual source computed tomography (DSCT) angiography in the diagnosis and treatment for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES).Materials and Methods8 patients with PAES were retrospectively reviewed. 64‐slice dual source CT angiography was performed based on the following protocol: 100 mL of Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL) was injected at a rate of 3.5 mL/s and arterial phase images were obtained by using bolus tracking. Axial DSCT images and reconstructed images including multi‐planar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR) were collected and analysed. All patients underwent Doppler colour ultrasound examinations and surgeries.ResultsThe popliteal artery and the neighbouring muscular structures were clearly shown on the axial images revealing the cause of the arterial entrapment. Furthermore, the site and length of the segmental occlusion and collateral developments were well demonstrated on reconstructed images. Characterisation and classification based on DSCT angiography were confirmed by surgeries. PAES was accurately diagnosed by DSCT angiography in all enrolled patients. In contrary, only 5 PAES cases were accurately diagnosed by ultrasound examination.ConclusionDSCT angiography is a noninvasive and valuable tool in the diagnosis of PAES and plays an important role in the determination of treatment plans.
Significance of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with sustained virological response to interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sugimachi Keishi , Kinjo Nao , Ikebe Masahiko , Yamashita Naoki , Kajiwara Eiji , Mimori Koshi , Higashi Hidefumi 
Published: October 2012

AimA sustained virological response (SVR) to interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C decreases but does not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The significance of hepatectomy for HCC in patients with SVR has not been clarified. The short‐ and long‐term outcomes of hepatectomy for HCC in patients with SVR were studied.MethodsFrom 2006–2011, 69 patients with chronic hepatitis C underwent hepatic resection for primary HCC in our hospital. Of these, 12 patients (17.4%) had SVR to IFN therapy at the time of hepatectomy. The clinicopathological factors and long‐term outcomes of these patients were retrospectively reviewed and were compared with those of patients without SVR.ResultsThe mean time from achievement of SVR to diagnosis of HCC was 62 months (range, 7–174). The histological inflammation of liver parenchyma had improved after IFN therapy in SVR cases. The preoperative serum alanine transaminase, albumin and prothrombin time were significantly preserved in patients with SVR. Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate were lower, and recurrence‐free survival rate was significantly higher, in patients with SVR.ConclusionIn patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC, those with SVR had better perioperative safety and a more favorable long‐term prognosis than those without SVR.
The Speed of Stock Price Adjustments to Market Wide Information in India*
Authors: Prasanna Krishna , Menon Anish 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe speed of price adjustment hypothesis suggests that some stocks tend to adjust faster to market wide information than others. This paper uses the speed of price adjustment hypothesis to identify firm level characteristics that determine the information assimilation pace of individual stocks in the Indian markets. The research sample consists of 64 stocks with yearly data for 10 years, a total of 640 firm‐year observations. Panel data analysis was used to study the effects of firm specific characteristics upon the speed of adjustment proxy DELAY. It was found that parameters such as firm size, trading volume and turnover had a significant influence on information assimilation. Large firms, as well as those firms with high turnover and trading volume, assimilated the market wide news faster, when compared with others. Stocks with high firm value and share price volatility were also found to adjust to market information faster. Firms with higher financial leverage take a longer time for price adjustments. The stock price adjustments were found to be much slower during the world financial crisis period of 2008–2010. While firm size remains a significant feature even during the crisis period, the volume and value traded were not found to be influencing factors for stock price movements during this time.
Job satisfaction in mainland China: comparing critical care nurses and general ward nurses
Authors: Zhang Aihua , Tao Hong , Ellenbecker Carol Hall , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo explore the level of nurses' job satisfaction and compare the differences between critical care nurses and general ward nurses in Mainland China.BackgroundHospitals continue to experience high nurse turnover. Job satisfaction is a key factor to retain skilled nurses. The differences in job satisfaction among critical care nurses and general ward nurses are unknown.DesignA cross‐sectional design was selected for this descriptive correlation study.MethodsCross‐sectional study of critical care nurses (n = 446) and general ward nurses (n = 1118) in 9 general hospitals by means of questionnaires that included the Chinese Nurses Job Satisfaction Scale and demographic scale. The data were collected from June 2010–November 2010.ResultsChinese nurses had moderate levels of job satisfaction, were satisfied with co‐workers and family/work balance; and dissatisfied with pay and professional promotion. Critical care nurses were younger; less educated and had less job tenure when compared with nurses working on general wards. Critical care nurses were significantly less satisfied than general ward nurses with many aspects of their job.ConclusionLevels of nurses' job satisfaction can be improved. The lower job satisfaction of critical care nurses compared with general ward nurses should warn the healthcare administrators and managers of potentially increasing the critical care nurses turn over. Innovative and adaptable managerial interventions need to be taken to improve critical care nurse' job satisfaction and retain skilled nurse.
Cryoballoon Versus Radiofrequency for Pulmonary Vein Re‐Isolation After a Failed Initial Ablation Procedure in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: POKUSHALOV EVGENY , ROMANOV ALEXANDER , ARTYOMENKO SERGEY , BARANOVA VERA , LOSIK DENIS , BAIRAMOVA SEVDA , KARASKOV ALEXANDER , MITTAL SUNEET , STEINBERG JONATHAN S. 
Published: October 2012

Cryoballoon versus Radiofrequency Ablation. Aim: Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is associated with an important risk of early and late recurrence, necessitating repeat ablation procedures. The aim of this prospective randomized patient‐blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cryoballoon (Cryo) versus radiofrequency (RF) ablation of PAF after failed initial RF ablation procedure.Methods: Patients with a history of symptomatic PAF after a previous failed first RF ablation procedure were eligible for this study. Patients were randomized to Cryo or RF redo ablation. The primary endpoint of the study was recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia, including AF and left atrial flutter/tachycardia, after a second ablation procedure at 1 year of follow‐up. All patients were implanted with a cardiac monitor (Reveal XT, Medtronic) to continuously track the cardiac rhythm. Patients with an AF burden (AF%) ≤ 0.5% were considered AF‐free (Responders), while those with an AF% > 0.5% were classified as patients with AF recurrences (non‐Responders).Results: Eighty patients with AF recurrences after a first RF pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) were randomized to Cryo (N = 40) or to RF (N = 40). Electrical potentials were recorded in 77 mapped PVs (1.9 ± 0.8 per patient) in Cryo Group and 72 PVs (1.7 ± 0.8 per patient) in RF Group (P = 0.62), all of which were targeted. In Cryo group, 68 (88%) of the 77 PVs were re‐isolated using only Cryo technique; the remaining 9 PVs were re‐isolated using RF. In RF group, all 72 PVs were successfully re‐isolated (P = 0.003 vs Cryo). By intention‐to‐treat, 23 (58%) RF patients were AF‐free vs 17 (43%) Cryo patients on no antiarrhythmic drugs at 1 year (P = 0.06). Three patients had temporary phrenic nerve paralysis in the Cryo group; the RF group had no complications. Of the 29 patients who had only Cryo PVI without any RF ablation, 11 (38%) were AF‐free vs 20 (59%) of the 34 patients who had RF only (P = 0.021).Conclusion: When patients require a redo pulmonary vein isolation ablation procedure for recurrent PAF, RF appears to be the preferred energy source relative to Cryo. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 274‐279, March 2013)
Preventive effects of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in rat periodontitis model
Authors: Endo Yasumasa , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Azuma Tetsuji , Irie Koichiro , Kasuyama Kenta , Morita Manabu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTrehalose, which is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1 linkage of two glucose molecules, was suggested to have a suppressive effect on bone resorption. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in a rat periodontitis model.Material and MethodsRats were divided into four groups. One group received no treatment. In the other groups, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. These rats with experimental periodontitis received topical application of pure water (vehicle group), 30 mg/ml trehalose solution (30 mg/ml trehalose group) or 60 mg/ml trehalose solution (60 mg/ml trehalose group) to the gingival sulcus respectively.ResultsThe vehicle group showed higher numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)‐positive cells and osteoclasts compared with the no treatment group respectively. Trehalose‐applied groups exhibited lower numbers of these cells compared with the vehicle group. Gene expressions of tumour necrosis factor‐α, RANKL and toll‐like receptor 4 were suppressed by trehalose. In addition, protein expressions of RANKL inducing pathway were less activated by trehalose.ConclusionTopical application of trehalose could suppress osteoclast differentiation by inactivation of RANKL inducing pathway in the rat periodontitis model.
Enhancing genotyping of MAOA‐LPR and 5‐HTT‐LPR in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Karere Genesio M. , Sullivan Erin , Kinnally Erin L. , Capitanio John P. , Lyons Leslie A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variation in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and serotonin transporter (5‐HTT)‐linked polymorphic regions (LPR) is associated with neuropsychiatric behavior.MethodsWe genotyped 37 macaques using conventional PCR product gel fractionation and by capillary electrophoresis of multiplexed amplicons and compared the data.ResultsGenotype concordance was 97% and 95% for MAOA‐LPR and 5‐HTT‐LPR, respectively. Capillary electrophoresis was more sensitive and cost‐effective.ConclusionsMultiplexing MAOA‐LPR and 5‐HTT‐LPR will enhance the genotyping of large sample sets.
Expression profiling of microRNAs in RAW264.7 cells treated with a combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANKL during osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Kagiya T. , Nakamura S. 
Published: October 2012

Background and ObjectiveTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, induces osteoclast differentiation and indirectly promotes alveolar bone resorption. We investigated TNF‐α‐regulated osteoclast differentiation, focusing on microRNAs. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Aside from miR‐21, miR‐155 and miR‐223, the identities of the microRNAs that play roles in osteoclast differentiation are unknown. Notably, no previous studies have reported the expression profiling of microRNAs during TNF‐α‐regulated osteoclast differentiation.Material and MethodsWe used microarrays to screen the levels of expression of mature microRNAs in RAW264.7 cells treated with a combination of TNF‐α and RANKL, or RANKL alone for 0, 24 or 82 h during osteoclast formation. We validated the results of the microarray analyses through quantitative RT‐PCR analyses of representative microRNAs in RAW264.7 cells and murine bone marrow macrophages.ResultsDuring osteoclast formation, the expression of 44 mature microRNAs differed by more than twofold between untreated cells and cells treated with a combination of TNF‐α and RANKL, and the expression of 52 mature microRNAs differed upon RANKL treatment. According to quantitative RT‐PCR analyses, miR‐378 was upregulated and miR‐223 was downregulated during osteoclast formation. Furthermore, miR‐21, miR‐29b, miR‐146a, miR‐155 and miR‐210 were highly expressed during osteoclast differentiation in TNF‐α/RANKL‐treated cells compared with RANKL‐treated cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that miR‐223 and miR‐378 may play important roles in osteoclastogenesis, and that miR‐21, miR‐29b, miR‐146a, miR‐155 and miR‐210 are involved in TNF‐α‐regulated osteoclast differentiation.
Waterscape genetics of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens): patterns across large connected ecosystems and isolated relict populations
Authors: Sepulveda‐Villet Osvaldo J. , Stepien Carol A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractComparisons of a species' genetic diversity and divergence patterns across large connected populations vs. isolated relict areas provide important data for understanding potential response to global warming, habitat alterations and other perturbations. Aquatic taxa offer ideal case studies for interpreting these patterns, because their dispersal and gene flow often are constrained through narrow connectivity channels that have changed over geological time and/or from contemporary anthropogenic perturbations. Our research objective is to better understand the interplay between historic influences and modern‐day factors (fishery exploitation, stocking supplementation and habitat loss) in shaping population genetic patterns of the yellow perch
Perca flavescens (Percidae: Teleostei) across its native North American range. We employ a modified landscape genetics approach, analysing sequences from the entire mitochondrial DNA control region and 15 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci of 664 spawning adults from 24 populations. Results support that perch from primary glacial refugium areas (Missourian, Mississippian and Atlantic) founded contemporary northern populations. Genetic diversity today is highest in southern (never glaciated) populations and also is appreciable in northern areas that were founded from multiple refugia. Divergence is greater among isolated populations, both north and south; the southern Gulf Coast relict populations are the most divergent, reflecting their long history of isolation. Understanding the influence of past and current waterway connections on the genetic structure of yellow perch populations may help us to assess the roles of ongoing climate change and habitat disruptions towards conserving aquatic biodiversity.
Variation of the folding and dynamics of the Escherichia coli chromosome with growth conditions
Authors: Hadizadeh Yazdi Nastaran , Guet Calin C. , Johnson Reid C. , Marko John F. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe examine whether the Escherichia coli chromosome is folded into a self‐adherent nucleoprotein complex, or alternately is a confined but otherwise unconstrained self‐avoiding polymer. We address this through in vivo visualization, using an inducible GFP fusion to the nucleoid‐associated protein Fis to non‐specifically decorate the entire chromosome. For a range of different growth conditions, the chromosome is a compact structure that does not fill the volume of the cell, and which moves from the new pole to the cell centre. During rapid growth, chromosome segregation occurs well before cell division, with daughter chromosomes coupled by a thin inter‐daughter filament before complete segregation, whereas during slow growth chromosomes stay adjacent until cell division occurs. Image correlation analysis indicates that sub‐nucleoid structure is stable on a 1 min timescale, comparable to the timescale for redistribution time measured for GFP–Fis after photobleaching. Optical deconvolution and writhe calculation analysis indicate that the nucleoid has a large‐scale coiled organization rather than being an amorphous mass. Our observations are consistent with the chromosome having a self‐adherent filament organization.
Association of CD28 and CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms with aggressive periodontitis in Brazilians
Authors: e Silva MRMA , Moreira PR , da Costa GC , Saraiva AM , Souza PEA de , Amormino SAF , Costa JE da , Gollob KJ , Dutra WO 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveSusceptibility to and severity of periodontal disease is influenced by gene polymorphisms related to the immune response. Co‐stimulatory molecules, such as CD28 and CTLA‐4, are critical in the development of such responses. Our hypothesis is that polymorphisms in genes that code for these molecules may be associated with periodontitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between +17 (T/C) CD28 and +49 (A/G) CTLA‐4 gene polymorphisms and periodontitis in Brazilians.Materials and methodsGenomic DNA was obtained from oral swabs of 424 individuals categorized into three groups (control group, aggressive, and chronic periodontitis) considering clinical parameters such as probing depth and clinical attachment loss. The genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThere was an association between the T− genotype of the CD28 polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis (P = 0.04). Moreover, the A+ genotype for CTLA‐4 was associated with greater clinical attachment loss in non‐smokers with aggressive periodontitis (P = 0.006, OR = 16.25, CI = 2.25–117.11).ConclusionsThese findings show that T− in CD28 + 17 (T/C) and the A+ in CTLA‐4 +49 (A/G) genotypes are associated with susceptibility to aggressive periodontal disease. Thus, our study highlights these polymorphisms as potential genetic susceptibility markers of periodontitis in Brazilians.
Is Informal Sector Work an Alternative to Workfare Benefits? The Case of Pre‐program Expansion and Economic Crisis
Authors: Khamis Melanie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLimited availability of workfare programs, limited unemployment insurance and a large informal sector are features of the Argentine labor market at the outset of the 2001/02 economic crisis. This paper tests the hypothesis whether informal work is an alternative to workfare participation before a large‐scale program expansion took place. Results from the propensity score matching indicate that observable characteristics of informal low‐income workers and current workfare participants are significantly different. However, within these groups, it is possible to identify subgroups with similar observable characteristics. This indicates that only a subset of the individuals sees workfare and informal work as substitutable alternatives.
NephroTalk: Communication Tools to Enhance Patient‐Centered Care
Authors: Schell Jane O. , Arnold Robert M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNephrologists frequently must discuss serious news with patients, especially those with advanced comorbidities. These discussions include giving bad news, addressing prognosis, and assisting with treatment decision making. Few data exist about how nephrologists approach these difficult conversations. This article presents a framework for engaging in these discussions using a case example, and provides tools for assisting with treatment decision making for initiating or forgoing dialysis. Communication skills presented include Ask‐Tell‐Ask for discussing serious news, the N‐U‐R‐S‐E acronym for recognizing and responding to emotion; tools for naming uncertainty when addressing prognosis; and using big picture questions to elicit patient care preferences for treatment decision making. This article provides nephrologists with the framework and skills to better engage in patient‐centered decision making.