bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐absorption paradox is not a paradox: Illuminating the dark side of self‐reflection
Authors: Simsek Omer Faruk 
Published: April 2013

Although considered an important component of a healthy personality, self‐reflection has not so far been shown to have any specific benefits for mental health. This research addresses this issue by taking into consideration two important suppressor variables, self‐rumination and the need for absolute truth. The latter is an innovative variable, defined and presented in this research. The first two studies aimed to validate a new measure that acts as an operational definition of the need for absolute truth. The first study was conducted with two group of participants; the first group consisted of 129 females and 67 males, mean age = 20 years, and the second 182 females and 104 males, mean age = 27. In the second study, participants were 22 females and 18 males, mean age = 20.5. In the final study, conducted with 296 female, 163 male participants (mean age = 37), suppressor effects were tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that by taking account of these two suppressor variables, particularly the need for absolute truth, the expected relationship between self‐reflection and mental health was revealed. The need for absolute truth was shown to be crucial for understanding the effects of self‐reflection on mental health, therefore it should be considered in all processes of psychotherapy.
On the effectiveness of variable properties and thermophoresis on steady MHD heat and mass transfer over a porous flat surface
Authors: Salem A.M. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of thermophoresis and magnetic field on steady two‐dimensional laminar hydrodynamic flow with heat and mass transfer over a semi‐infinite permeable flat surface in the presence of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation effects. The fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity are assumed to vary as a function of temperature.Design/methodology/approachThe boundary layer equations are transformed to non‐linear ordinary differential equations using scaling group of transformations and these equations are solved numerically by using the fourth order Runge‐Kutta method with shooting technique for some values of physical parameters.FindingsSome of the results obtained for a special case of the problem are compared to the results published in previous work and are found to be in excellent agreement. Many results are obtained and a representative set is displayed graphically to illustrate the influence of the physical parameters involved in the problem on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the local skin‐friction coefficient, the wall heat transfer and the particle deposition rate.Research limitations/implicationsOne valuable, important observation is that the effect of the variable viscosity parameter is to increase the effect of all studied parameters in the boundary‐layer's flow field. Also, the skin‐friction coefficient, wall heat transfer and wall deposition flux in a fluid of uniform viscosity are higher than in a fluid of non‐uniform viscosity when the surface is permeable.Originality/valueThe paper presents a numerical solution for two‐dimensional boundary‐layer flow with heat and mass transfer over a semi‐infinite permeable flat surface. Numerical results indicate that the combining effects of magnetic field and radiation strongly controls flow and mass transfer characteristics for the thermophoretic hydrodynamic flow. This problem is interesting from the physical point of view and also for its applications in engineering sciences.
Structure‐borne sound design of typical hull base and underwater model test
Authors: Ji Fang , Yao Xiongliang , Zhang Aman 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe structure‐borne sound generated by power equipment can be isolated effectively through vibration absorber under hull base structures. The practical vibration isolation performance is limited due to the weight, size and cost. The dramatic attenuating wave propagation characteristic of hull base without adding weight is essential to the vessel acoustic stealth.Design/methodology/approachThe characteristics of vibration wave propagated from typical shape base link structures have been investigated according to impedance mismatch and wave conversion in non‐homogeneous structure. The hull base is simplified to three degrees of freedom damped system through the mechanical impedance method. The influence of blocking mass weight, as well as location properties to the base vibration isolation performance have been discussed. Furthermore, the structure‐borne sound design of a typical hull base is carried out.FindingsThe impedance mismatch of the hull base is further increased by the comprehensive use of high transmission loss base link structures, blocking mass as well as damping layer. The effectiveness of structure‐borne sound design is verified through numerical calculation together with underwater model test. The test data show that the noise has been reduced larger than 3 dB.Originality/valueThe paper describes what is believed to be the first application of the high transmission loss base in hull structures based on the literature survey. The method of structure‐borne sound design of a typical hull base can be applied in different types of vessels.
Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization
Authors: Yang Xin‐She , Hossein Gandomi Amir 
Published: April 2013

PurposeNature‐inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new nature‐inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called bat algorithm (BA), for solving engineering optimization tasks.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed BA is based on the echolocation behavior of bats. After a detailed formulation and explanation of its implementation, BA is verified using eight nonlinear engineering optimization problems reported in the specialized literature.FindingsBA has been carefully implemented and carried out optimization for eight well‐known optimization tasks; then a comparison has been made between the proposed algorithm and other existing algorithms.Originality/valueThe optimal solutions obtained by the proposed algorithm are better than the best solutions obtained by the existing methods. The unique search features used in BA are analyzed, and their implications for future research are also discussed in detail.
Field models of high‐temperature superconductor devices for magnetic levitation
Authors: Costamagna E. , Di Barba P. , Palka R. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a twofold methodology for evaluating the force between field excitation system and bulk in a magnetic‐levitation device based on high‐temperature‐superconductors (HTS). The paper focuses on two‐dimensional field models for HTS bulks. As far as field analysis is concerned, the finite‐element method in two or three dimensions is used. Alternatively, the conformal mapping approach provides a flexible and accurate calculation tool, useful for the optimization of superconducting bearings.Design/methodology/approachPowerful mapping algorithms, developed recently for Schwarz‐Christoffel‐like transformations, have proven successful in analyzing the fields, both in the activation and in the operation condition of superconductor devices.FindingsAssuming small displacements of the superconductor sample with respect to the excitation magnets, the force‐displacement curve was obtained for operational field cooling via Schwarz‐Christoffel maps.Originality/valueThe specific theory used is the substitution theorem for magnetic fields, along with its capability to take complex geometries into account, making it possible to model devices for real‐life applications. Using only a scalar potential, the procedure proposed for computing fields proves, in the conformally‐mapped plane, the superposition method already introduced in FEM‐based models.
New immersive worlds for educators and librarians: beyond Second Life
Authors: Floyd Joe , Frank Ilene 
Published: April 2013

PurposeSecond Life has provided educators and librarians with a place to experiment with a 3D immersive environment. Avatars represent the user and users can interact real‐time in text chat and/or voice. Users can create environments that persist over time. Second Life has attracted users from around the world, providing wonderful opportunities to collaborate. However, Second Life is not the only virtual world used for educational purposes. The purpose of this paper is to examine some options.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine other online virtual worlds which educators and librarians can use in addition to Second Life.FindingsIt is found that there are many other virtual worlds which educators and librarians can explore.Originality/valueThis paper is useful to anyone looking for alternatives to using the virtual world Second Life.
Competition and the density dependence of metabolic rates
Authors: DeLong John P. , Hanley Torrance C. , Vasseur David A. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Although mass and temperature are strong predictors of metabolic rates, there is considerable unexplained variation in metabolic rates both within and across species after body size and temperature are taken into account. Some of this variation may be due to changes in the rate of food intake with population density, as metabolism depends on the throughput of food to fuel biochemical reactions.

Using data collected from the literature, we show that individual metabolic rates are negatively correlated with population density for a wide range of organisms including primary producers and consumers. Using new data for the zooplankter Daphnia ambigua, we also find genotypic variation in the relationship between metabolic rate and population density.

The relationship between metabolic rate and population density generally follows a power law scaling, and within a population, density‐correlated variation in metabolism can span two orders of magnitude. We suggest that density‐dependent metabolic rates arise via competitive effects on foraging rates (both exploitation and interference competition), combined with an activity response to accommodate the resource constraint induced by competition. Standard ecological models predict the kind of density‐dependent foraging patterns that could give rise to density‐dependent metabolic rates, but this has generally not been investigated.

Our results indicate that after body mass and temperature, population density represents an important third axis that may account for a large amount of unexplained variance in metabolic rates within and among species. The effect of population density on metabolism has implications for the scaling of metabolic rates from individuals to populations and the relative performance of species and genotypes and therefore also for community assembly and evolution.
Grassroots Conservatism in Post‐War Britain: A View from the Bottom Up
Authors: Cohen Gidon , Mates Lewis 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is well known the membership of British Conservative Party in the 1950s dwarfed that of other parties, but despite this there has been very little examination of the party's grassroots in this crucial period. What literature there is comes predominantly from the top‐down focus of national politics and revolves around four disputed images. Firstly, high‐levels of membership are associated with commendable engagement with formal politics. Secondly, local associations are presented as inconsequential but autonomous. Thirdly, activists are seen as uninterested in ideology and focused on campaigning and social activity. Finally, associations are presented as dominated by women precisely because of their primarily social nature. This article examines the debates about these conventional images through an analysis of the rival Conservative factions in two Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Associations, the location of probably the most divisive splits in twentieth‐century Conservatism. It suggests that presentations of a ‘golden age’ of activism are unhelpful, that the conventional conception of autonomy obscures informal relationships, that attention to the ideological dimension is central to understanding and that the nature of female participation can only be understood by challenging the false dichotomy of social and political motivations. Taken together it argues that the study of grassroots Conservatism needs to grapple with the meanings, motivations and practices as seen from below as well as the consequences of such activity for those above. In this way the study of politics from the bottom‐up can have significant consequences for our understanding of the Conservative Party.
News from Somewhere: Enhanced Sociability and the Composite Definition of Utopia and Dystopia
Authors: Claeys Gregory 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article argues that that since utopianism is commonly held to consist of three components, the literary utopia, utopian ideologies and communal movements, the term ‘utopia’ should not describe only the first of these, the formal, literary genre, as is often the case, without addressing the other two, where utopian content is more central. Nor can ‘dystopia’, which has usually been used to describe fictional negative societies. A ‘composite’ definition of both terms, however, addresses the three components as inherent to each concept. It is then contended that most utopias are linked by their commitment to a form of enhanced sociability, or more communal form of living, sometimes associated with ideals of friendship, while their dystopian counterparts are substantively connected by the predominance of fear, and the destruction of ‘society’, as a polar opposite of friendship. These definitions imply a spectrum of both utopian and dystopian plausibility; that is to say, where enhanced sociability has been maintained for some period, ‘utopia’ has existed, and where the opposite has occurred, as in totalitarianism, ‘dystopia’ can also be used to describe a real state of affairs. Providing a ‘realistic’ concept of both terms in relation to each other, however, raises some contentious issues about whether, for instance, dystopias are created intentionally, or whether dystopia ideologies as such exist. The article also attempts to distinguish between ‘utopic’ and ‘dystopic’ phenomena, and to plot a prehistory of the concepts of utopia and dystopia.
Apparent Perfection: The Image ofJohnF.Kennedy
Authors: White Mark 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article explores the issue of how the potent, alluring image ofJohnKennedy was constructed. The essay begins with an examination of how, even before reaching theWhiteHouse,Kennedy was able to develop a multi‐faceted image as a man of letters (with the publication ofWhyEngland SleptandProfiles in Courage), military hero (through his service in the Navy during theSecondWorldWar), precocious politician, erotic symbol and symbol of the family. The importance of image to the outcome of the 1960 presidential campaign, particularly in terms of the television debates withRichardNixon, is assessed.Kennedy's presidency is examined for the way it reinforced ideas about him that had come to the fore before he became chief executive: his use of theWhiteHouse to showcase the arts, thereby strengthening his image as a man of letters and cultural refinement; the enhancing of his war‐hero status with the release of theHollywood filmPT‐109; the continued eroticization of his image through his public links withMarilynMonroe,GraceKelly andAnitaEkberg; and the prominence of his wife, siblings, children and parents in reinforcing the image ofJFKas a symbol of the family. The impact of the assassination is considered for the way it created theCamelot mythology that came to adornKennedy's posthumous reputation. HowKennedy's image was sustained from the time of the assassination to recent years – through film, music, architecture and the visual image – will also be examined.
Millet Grains: Nutritional Quality, Processing, and Potential Health Benefits
Authors: Saleh Ahmed S.M. , Zhang Qing , Chen Jing , Shen Qun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract In the 21st century, climate changes, water scarcity, increasing world population, rising food prices, and other socioeconomic impacts are expected to generate a great threat to agriculture and food security worldwide, especially for the poorest people who live in arid and subarid regions. These impacts present a challenge to scientists and nutritionists to investigate the possibilities of producing, processing, and utilizing other potential food sources to end hunger and poverty. Cereal grains are the most important source of the world's food and have a significant role in the human diet throughout the world. As one of the most important drought‐resistant crops, millet is widely grown in the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia and constitutes a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for people living in these areas. In addition, because of their important contribution to national food security and potential health benefits, millet grain is now receiving increasing interest from food scientists, technologists, and nutritionists. The aim of this work was to review the recent advances in research carried out to date for purposes of evaluation of nutritional quality and potential health benefits of millet grains. Processing technologies used for improving the edible and nutritional characteristics of millet as well as challenges, limitations, and future perspectives to promote millet utilization as food for a large and growing population are also discussed.
Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review
Authors: Belluco Simone , Losasso Carmen , Maggioletti Michela , Alonzi Cristiana C. , Paoletti Maurizio G. , Ricci Antonia 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Increasing world population worsens the serious problem of food security in developing countries. On the other hand in industrialized countries, where the problem of food security is of minor concern, health problems related to food refer to 2 main factors: food safety and environmental sustainability of food production. For these reasons, new ways must be found to increase yields while preserving food quality, natural habitats, and biodiversity. Insects could be of great interest as a possible solution due to their capability to satisfy 2 different requirements: (i) they are an important source of protein and other nutrients; (ii) their use as food has ecological advantages over conventional meat and, in the long run, economic benefits. However, little is known on the food safety side and this can be of critical importance to meet society's approval, especially if people are not accustomed to eating insects. This paper aims to collect information in order to evaluate how insects could be safely used as food and to discuss nutritional data to justify why insect food sources can no longer be neglected. Legislative issues will also be discussed.
Diagnosis and management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and related metabolic disorders: Consensus statement from the Study Group of Liver and Metabolism, Chinese Society of Endocrinology (非酒精性脂肪性肝病与相关代谢紊乱诊疗共识——中华医学会内分泌学分会肝病与代谢学组)
Authors: Gao Xin , Fan Jian‐Gao ,   Study Group of Liver and Metabolism, Chinese Society of Endocrinology
Published: April 2013

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in Western countries, affecting 20%–33% of the general population. Large population‐based surveys in China indicate a prevalence of approximately 15%–30%. Worldwide, including in China, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased rapidly in parallel with regional trends of obesity, type2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In addition, NAFLD has contributed significantly to increased overall, as well as cardiovascular and liver‐related, mortality in the general population. In view of rapid advances in research into NAFLD in recent years, this consensus statement provides a brief update on the progress in the field and suggests preferred approaches for the comprehensive management of NAFLD and its related metabolic diseases.
Integral dose delivered to normal brain with conventional intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy IMRT during partial brain radiotherapy for high‐grade gliomas with and without selective sparing of the hippocampus, limbic circuit and neural stem cell compartment
Authors: Marsh James C , Ziel G Ellis , Diaz Aidnag Z , Wendt Julie A , Gobole Rohit , Turian Julius V 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionWe compared integral dose with uninvolved brain (IDbrain) during partial brain radiotherapy (PBRT) for high‐grade glioma patients using helical tomotherapy (HT) and seven field traditional inverse‐planned intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with and without selective sparing (SPA) of contralateral hippocampus, neural stem cell compartment (NSC) and limbic circuit.MethodsWe prepared four PBRT treatment plans for four patients with high‐grade gliomas (60 Gy in 30 fractions delivered to planning treatment volume (PTV60Gy)). For all plans, a structure denoted ‘uninvolved brain’ was created, which included all brain tissue not part of PTV or standard (STD) organs at risk (OAR). No dosimetric constraints were included for uninvolved brain. Selective SPA plans were prepared with IMRT and HT; contralateral hippocampus, NSC and limbic circuit were contoured; and dosimetric constraints were entered for these structures without compromising dose to PTV or STD OAR. We compared V100 and D95 for PTV46Gy and PTV60Gy, and IDbrain for all plans.ResultsThere were no significant differences in V100 and D95 for PTV46Gy and PTV60Gy. IDbrain was lower in traditional IMRT versus HT plans for STD and SPA plans (mean IDbrain 23.64 Gy vs. 28 Gy and 18.7 Gy vs. 24.5 Gy, respectively) and in SPA versus STD plans both with IMRT and HT (18.7 Gy vs. 23.64 Gy and 24.5 Gy vs. 28 Gy, respectively).ConclusionsIn the setting of PBRT for high‐grade gliomas, IMRT reduces IDbrain compared with HT with or without selective SPA of contralateral hippocampus, limbic circuit and NSC, and the use of selective SPA reduces IDbrain compared with STD PBRT delivered with either traditional IMRT or HT.