bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Battery integrated three‐port transformer‐less high step‐down converter
Authors: Murugan Kavitha , Pedapati Praneeth Kumar , Hemachander Allamsetty 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a transformer‐less high step‐down converter (TLHSC) with battery integration. The converter functions as a versatile three‐port converter, with an integration of battery, and offers a wide range of step‐down conversions. This work presents the operational modes along with the steady‐state analysis, design, and modeling of the controller for the TLHSC converter. The controller validates for the diverse load variations. The proposed converter for 500 W is validated on a laboratory test bed with a voltage conversion from 270 to 28 V for a 25 kHz switching frequency. The proposed TLHC demonstrates the remarkable capabilities of a three‐port converter with a high step‐down voltage ratio and reduced semiconductor stress compared to the existing converters. Various performance attributes like loss and efficiency determinations, switch stress analysis, and sensitivity have been investigated and reported. An empirical results presented and the comparative analysis presented for the proposed circuit with the recent converters in the literature entrust the superiority of the proposed converter, offering advantages such as high step‐down capability, minimal components, lower stress, reduced losses, and a simple circuit design for achieving a wide range of step‐down conversions.
Distributions of trace elements with Long‐term grazing exclusion in a semi‐arid grassland of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Hu Juan , Zhou Daowei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrace elements are the essential mineral nutrients in grassland, however, we still know little about the distributions of trace elements in grassland with long‐term grazing exclusion. The contents, stocks, and proportions of iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) in green plant‐litter‐root‐soil were evaluated by enclosing for 18, and 39 years inside the fence (F18 and F39) and grazing outside the fence (F0) in Inner Mongolia grassland. The results showed that F18 and F39 decreased the stocks of Fe, Al, and Mn in green plant and root compared to F0 (p < .05), while increased the stocks of them in litter (p < .05). The stock of Fe, Al, and Mn in green plant at F39 was 28.6%, 13.9%, and 39.2% higher than that at F18. The stocks of four trace elements in first layer litter at F39 were increased by 12.7%–52.2% compared to F18, whereas the stocks of them in third layer litter were decreased by 32.2%–42.5%. The F18 obviously increased the stocks of Fe and Mn in soil, especially B (p < .05). While the stocks of these trace elements in soil at F39 were 9.1%–28.0% lower than that at F18, especially B (p < .05). In conclusion, the trace elements were mainly shifted from green plant and root to soil and third layer litter with 18‐year grazing exclusion. Compared to 18‐year grazing exclusion, the trace elements were shifted from third layer litter and soil to root with 39‐year grazing exclusion.
Parasites and the ecology of fear: Nonconsumptive effects of ectoparasites on larvae reduce growth in simulated Drosophila populations
Authors: Horn Collin J. , Luong Lien T. , Visscher Darcy R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPredators negatively affect prey outside of direct attack, and these nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) may cause over half the impacts of predators on prey populations. This “ecology of fear” framework has been extended to host–parasite interactions. The NCEs of parasites are thought to be small relative to those of predators. However, recent research shows ectoparasites exert NCEs on multiple life stages of Drosophila. In this study, we apply recent data to a matrix‐based model of fly populations experiencing infection/consumption and NCEs from an ectoparasitic mite. We found the NCEs of parasites on larvae, which are not actively parasitized, decreased the size of simulated host populations. By contrast, the NCEs on adult flies increased population size through compensatory egg production. The negative NCEs on larvae outweighed the positive effects on adults to reduce population size. This study suggests that parasitic NCEs can suppress host populations independent of infection.
Polymeric Manganese(II) Acetate Derivatives: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Dong‐Yang , Zhang Xiao‐Nan , Chen Wei‐Peng , Zhai Yuan‐Qi , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThree novel polymeric Mn(II) acetate derivatives, identified as {[Mn2.5(OH)(CH3COO)4] ⋅ 0.5CH3OH ⋅ 0.5CH3CN}n (1), {[Mn3(CH3CO O)6] ⋅ 0.5CH3CN}n (2) and {Mn1.5K(CH3COO)4}n (3), have been successfully prepared by systematically adjusting the ratio of reactants and using the 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (Hmmt) as the template agent. These three complexes can be regarded as the different crystalline forms of Mn(CH3COO)2 under different reaction conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that 1 and 2 feature the unique three‐dimensional (3D) framework. For 3, it displays a 2D structure, which is further assembled to form a 3D extended network via the weak hydrogen bond interactions. Magnetic studies confirmed that 1 and 2 show antiferromagnetic interactions, and 1 displays a long‐range ordering phase below the critical temperature (Tc) of 7.8 K. In addition, magnetisation data collected for 1–2 yield low magnetic entropy changes, which can be attributed to the strong antiferromagnetic interactions among the Mn(II) centres.
Switching the Stereopreference of TeSADH: Enabling Anti‐Prelog Asymmetric Reduction of Aryl‐Ring‐Containing Ketones
Authors: Sardauna Auwal Eshi , Abdulrasheed Muhammad , Takahashi Masateru , Takahashi Etsuko , Hamdan Samir M. , Musa Musa M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones offers a promising approach for producing optically active secondary alcohols. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are enzymes that facilitate the reversible conversion of prochiral ketones into their corresponding optically active secondary alcohols, and thus are pivotal for this process. Most ADHs adhere to Prelog's rule in determining the stereopreference for the asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones. This study focuses on the ΔP84/A85G mutation of TeSADH, demonstrating its capability to reduce aryl‐ring‐containing ketones to their corresponding alcohols in anti‐Prelog mode with high stereoselectivities. The study also highlights the crucial role of P84 in switching the stereopreference of TeSADH in the asymmetric reduction of aryl‐ring‐containing ketones. Furthermore, this mutant exhibits a broad substrate scope, including substrates accepted by the previously reported W110 mutants of TeSADH with opposite stereopreference. The ability to create mutants of the same enzyme with opposite stereopreferences presents intriguing opportunities for fascinating transformations, such as bienzymatic racemization, which can be utilized in dynamic kinetic resolution, and stereoinversion using two enantiocomplementary mutants of the same enzyme.
Seismic vulnerability assessment of electrical substation system based on the hybrid fragility functions and Bayesian network
Authors: Fu Xing , Guo Dai‐En‐Rui , Li Gang , Li Hong‐Nan , Zhu Deng‐Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSubstations function as neural hubs within power systems and play pivotal roles in the aggregation, transformation, and distribution of electrical energy. Previous experiences indicate that substation systems are highly susceptible to damage under earthquakes, resulting in a subsequent decrease in power supply functionality. To mitigate the risk of earthquake‐induced damage, a novel approach based on Bayesian theory is proposed to assess the seismic vulnerability of complex engineering systems. The proposed method initially obtains the prior distribution of seismic fragility parameters for electrical equipment through numerical simulations of coupled finite element models. Subsequently, seismic damage survey data and Bayesian updating rules are applied to update the prior probability, obtaining a hybrid fragility function for electrical equipment. The Bayesian network was constructed using logical relations among internal electrical components in the substation, aiming to quantify the seismic vulnerability of the system across different functionality indicators. Finally, the causal inference technique was employed to quantify the importance of various components and equipment. A realistic case study on a typical 220/110/35 kV substation system was performed using the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the method improves the confidence level of the equipment fragility curves, reduces the computational workload of the system vulnerability analysis, and provides a theoretical basis for improving substation performance and formulating post‐disaster maintenance plans.
A multi‐site and hypothesis‐driven approach to identify controls on the bedload transport regime of an anthropised gravel‐bed river
Authors: Bulteau Théo , Vázquez‐Tarrío Daniel , Batalla Ramon J. , Piégay Hervé 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of human disturbance on the bedload transport regime of anthropised rivers is a topic of growing importance, as such information is of interest for adequate river diagnosis, correct implementation of restoration measures and appropriate design of post‐action monitoring programs. However, such assessments are complex, especially in sites where multiple factors simultaneously influence the bedload transport regime, so that it is difficult to establish simple causal relationships between human disturbances and changes in the sediment transport regime, notably on bedload. To overcome this, there is a need for rigorous hypothesis‐driven approaches to assess the isolated effects of each driver. With this in mind, we have characterised the dynamics of bedload transport in the Upper Garonne (Central Pyrenees, Spain‐France), a river impacted by sediment retention, flow diversion and mining that influence its morphological conditions and transport regime. We assessed the effects of (1) surface grain size distribution, (2) river morphology, (3) sediment supply and (4) flow diversion on the bedload transport regime. Four sites with different degrees of river anthropisation were selected. After defining hypotheses on the most likely bedload transport conditions for each site, we proposed a set of discriminating criteria to test these hypotheses, based on temporal within‐site and spatial between‐site comparisons of coarse particle tracking measurements over four years. The results of this research showed that the hydrosedimentary regime of the Garonne is controlled by a complex combination of drivers such as valley physiography, which exerts a first‐order control on differences in reach‐scale bedforms and bedload dynamics; and human disturbances which contribute to a reduction in sediment supply through changes in land cover and hydropower dams, or to changes in hydrology (i.e., flow competence) due to water diversion and abstraction.
Novel formulations ameliorate osteoarthritis in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Erten Fusun , Ozdemir Oguzhan , Tokmak Muhammed , Durmus Ali Said , Ozercan Ibrahim Hanifi , Morde Abhijeet , Padigaru Muralidhara , Sahin Kazim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study tested new oral plant‐based formulations (F) on rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)‐induced osteoarthritis, measuring inflammation, antioxidant levels, paw size, stride, and analyzing knee joint images. Fifty‐six female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into 8 groups: (1) Control, (2) MIA (OA induced with MIA), (3) MIA + F1 [curcuminoids+gingerols+acetyl‐11‐keto‐β boswellic acid (AKBA)], (4) MIA + F2 (curcuminoids+Withania glycosides+AKBA), (5) MIA + F3 (curcuminoids+total withanolides+AKBA), (6) MIA + F4 (curcuminoids, AKBA), (7) MIA + UCII (type II collagen), and (8) MIA + GCHON (Glucosamine Chondroitin). Treatments F1 to F4 reduced right joint diameter and improved stride length and paw area in OA rats. Despite improvements with treatments F1 to F4, there was no significant difference between these groups (p > .05). In OA animals, F1 to F4 treatments decreased MDA levels and increased antioxidant enzymes activities (p < .001). This was done by reducing levels of inflammatory markers and enzymes like IL‐1β, IL‐6, MMP‐8, TNF‐α, CRP, COMP, and LOX‐5, while increasing the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. In conclusion, these plant‐based treatments significantly reduced osteoarthritis severity, slowed disease progression by reducing inflammation, and protected joints from damage, showing a protective effect in rats with induced osteoarthritis, likely due to their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Comprehensive review of experimental studies, numerical modeling, leakage risk assessment, monitoring, and control in geological storage of carbon dioxide: Implications for effective CO2 deployment strategies
Authors: Sori Abobakr , Moghaddas Jafarsadegh , Abedpour Hasan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) represents a promising strategy for mitigating climate change by securely sequestering CO2 emissions. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and development in the field of geological carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. We systematically examined a wide range of recent literature, focusing on advancements in numerical simulations, experimental studies, risk assessments, and monitoring techniques related to CO2 sequestration. Literature was selected based on relevance, recency, and contribution to the understanding of key challenges and solutions in CO2 storage, with sources spanning peer‐reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and significant technical reports. Our review highlights several key themes: the integration of machine learning and advanced numerical models in predicting CO2 behavior in subsurface formations; innovative experimental approaches to understanding the physicochemical interactions between CO2, brine, and geological substrates; and the development of robust risk assessment frameworks to address potential leakage and induced seismicity. We also explore recent advancements in monitoring technologies, emphasizing their critical role in ensuring the long‐term integrity and effectiveness of CO2 storage sites. Overall, this review synthesizes the latest findings and identifies gaps in current knowledge, providing a roadmap for future research directions. Our aim is to enhance the understanding of CO2 sequestration processes, support the development of safer and more efficient storage methods, and contribute to the global effort in mitigating climate change through effective carbon management strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soluble TGF‐β decoy receptor TGFBR3 exacerbates Alzheimer's disease pathology by modifying microglial function
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Wang Nan , Feng Wenzheng , Liu Xin , Wu Qiong , Chen Jiangxia , Jiao Xinming , Ning Xinyue , Qi Zhentong , Xu Zihua , Jiang Xiaowen , Zhao Qingchun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of progressive dementia characterized by memory loss and progressive neurocognitive dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. To elucidate the molecular mechanism contributing to AD, an integrated analytical workflow was deployed to identify pivotal regulatory target within the RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data of the temporal cortex from AD patients. Soluble transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 (sTGFBR3) was identified as a critical target in AD, which was abnormally elevated in AD patients and AD mouse models. We then demonstrated that sTGFBR3 deficiency restored spatial learning and memory deficits in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced neuronal impairment mice after its expression was disrupted by a lentiviral (LV) vector expressing shRNA. Mechanistically, sTGFBR3 deficiency augments TGF‐β signaling and suppressing the NF‐κB pathway, thereby reduced the number of disease‐associated microglia (DAMs), inhibited proinflammatory activity and increased the phagocytic activity of DAMs. Moreover, sTGFBR3 deficiency significantly mitigated acute neuroinflammation provoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and alleviated neuronal dysfunction induced by STZ. Collectively, these results position sTGFBR3 as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Abortion beyond a medical issue; women's perception on the current Ethiopian abortion law among reproductive‐aged women by 2023, a community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Erega Besfat Berihun , Molla Addisu , Dejen Hiwot , Ferede Wassie Yazie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundA nationwide study on the contribution of abortion to maternal mortality in Ethiopia was 6%−9%. To bring Ethiopia's legal system into compliance with the country's new constitution, a new criminal code was created in 2005. In the new penal code, after 2005, abortion was permitted under broad circumstances; in the case of rape, incest, or fetal impairment; if pregnancy continuation or birth would endanger the health or life of the woman or fetus; if the woman has physical or mental disabilities; and if the woman is a minor who is physically or mentally unprepared for childbirth.ObjectivesTo determine the status of women's perception toward the current Ethiopian abortion law among reproductive‐aged women.MethodA community‐based study was conducted from June 10 to October 30, 2023. Chi‐square test and multivariable logistic regression methods were employed using SPSS 23. The strength of associations and the significance level was examined using p‐value and odds ratio at 95% CI, respectively.ResultThe prevalence of women's positive perception toward Ethiopian abortion law among reproductive‐aged women is 21.18%. The age group of between 18 and 24, educational status of being unable to read and write, living solely, history of unplanned pregnancy, and age of marriage under 18 were associated with women's perception to the current abortion law of Ethiopia.ConclusionThe finding of this study is unexpectedly low, which needs exhaustive intervention.
Impact of an Outpatient Word Catheter Program for Bartholin cysts and abscesses: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Worrall Amy P. , Alaya Fátimah , Fullston Enya , Geary Michael P. , Salameh Fadi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of an Outpatient Word Catheter Program (OWCP) on outcomes in women presenting with Bartholin cysts or abscesses (BC/BAs). .MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed 408 women presenting with BC/BAs to our tertiary unit from 2017‐2022. Analysis of medical records, with subgroup analysis of pregnant patients, and comparative analysis between pre‐ and post‐intervention groups, was completed. Financial impact analysis using national activity‐based funding pricing guidance to estimate cost was conducted.ResultsPre‐intervention, 65% (n = 34) of procedures were completed in theater, but after the introduction of OWCP, 61% (n = 213) of cases were treated in the day ward (χ2 = 67.43, P <0.001). Similarly, inpatient admissions reduced; 94.2% (n = 49) pre‐intervention versus 26% (n = 92) post‐intervention (χ2 = 92.25, P <0.001). The mean all patient admission duration decreased from 1.52 ± 0.89 days to 0.69 ± 0.59 days (P <0.001). The mean cost for those women attending in the pre‐OWCP period was €4798, versus €2704 in the women who attended post‐OWCP introduction (P < 0.001).ConclusionAfter OWCP introduction, there were significant decreases in inpatient admissions, surgical procedures in theater, general anesthetic exposure, and duration of admission. Financial impact analysis revealed a significant cost reduction of ~€2100 per patient. Outpatient or day‐care Word catheter programs are feasible, affordable and acceptable services to provide to women presenting with BC/BAs.
The role of the gut microbiome in modulating immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zuo Siyuan , Huang Yong , Zou Junwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis systematic literature review and meta‐analysis provide an overview of the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating the efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. Gut microbes influence host immune responses through multiple mechanisms including modulation of immune cell activity, metabolite action, and immune tolerance. The ability of specific gut microbes to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been linked to their ability to improve gut barrier function, modulate immune cell activity, and produce key immunomodulatory metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids. In addition, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are strongly associated with the efficacy of immunotherapies, demonstrating the potential to improve therapeutic response by modifying the gut microbiota. This paper also discusses the prospect of manipulating the gut microbiota through strategies such as fecal microbial transplantation, probiotic supplementation, and dietary modifications to optimize the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Non‐chemical stresses do not strongly induce male offspring in Daphnia magna ascertained using the short‐term juvenile hormone activity screening assay
Authors: Watanabe Haruna , Abe Ryoko , Tatarazako Norihisa , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH), together with ecdysone, regulates molting, metamorphosis, growth, and reproduction in arthropods. The effects of its analogs used as insecticides on nontarget species are of concern. Since JH and JH analogs (JHAs) induce male offspring in daphnids, which generally reproduce by parthenogenesis, short‐term JH activity screening assay (JHASA) using the male offspring ratio as an endpoint has been developed as a detection method for JHA. However, the production of male offspring is also induced by environmental stresses such as temperature, short‐day length, overcrowding, and food limitation. Thus, it is vital to prevent non‐chemical stresses from inducing male offspring during the test to detect chemicals with potential JH activity accurately. Therefore, we investigated the effects of temperature (low and high), hardness, high density with low feeding, and day length on male production utilizing JHASA. Male offspring were not strongly induced by any stresses in JHASA, although the male ratios of 4–12% were observed in the preculture under high density (≥70 daphnid/L) and constant darkness. The Clone A strain was relatively more sensitive to high density and day length compared with the strain from National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). The selection of strains that rarely produce males under non‐chemical stresses and finding the culturing conditions for each strain appropriate for not‐inducing male offspring are recommended to control and prevent male offspring induction during JHASA.