bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Attempt to Localize the Vaccinating Power of Klebsiella pneumoniae Ribosomal Preparations Using Saccharose‐Gradient Ultracentrifugation
Authors: Robert Daniel , Bienvenu Pierre , Lafont Sergyl , Jouanneteau Bernard , Normier Gerard , D'Hinterland Lucien Dussourd , Fontanges Robert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe study of the vaccinating power of ribosomal vaccines against Klebsiella pneumoniae led us to define the chemical nature which supports this protective activity. We tried to separate this support and the ribosomes by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. We isolated high protective membrane vesicles by this technique applied to salt‐washed ribosomal preparations. When the ribosomal preparations were exposed to SDS, the protective activity was conserved all along the gradient, with no correlation with the ribosome concentration. The addition of bovine serum albumin to the ribosomal preparation focused the protective activity on the ribosomal peak. No correlation was observed between the response to capsular polysaccharide and the vaccinating power of the fractions.
Adhesion of Haemophilus paragallinarum to Cultured Chicken Cells
Authors: Ueda Susumu , Nagasawa Yoji , Suzuki Taeko , Tajima Masanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdhesion of Haemophilus paragallinarum to chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) in vitro was investigated in correlation with its virulence. Under the scanning electron microscope, the organisms were seen adhering to CEF exposed to the bacteria. By transmission electron microscopy, the organisms appeared to attach to the plasma membrane of CEF by their fuzzy material. They were enclosed in membrane‐limited vesicles and appeared morphologically intact. Specific fluorescence was seen in the cytoplasm of CEF in later stages of infection. There was a good correlation between pathogenicity of the organisms for chickens and their ability to adhere to CEF. This correlation was reinforced by the fact that the ability of a pathogenic strain to adhere to the mucosal surface of the chicken trachea was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy.
Metabolic Disorders of Serum Lipoproteins in Endotoxin‐Poisoned Mice: The Role of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Triglyceride‐Rich Lipoproteins
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA study was performed to clarify the role of serum lipoproteins, especially high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins in endotoxemic or endotoxin‐poisoned animals. The level of HDL‐cholesterol decreased markedly in mouse serum 18–24 hr postintoxication, while the amount of low density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol in the sera of poisoned mice was about 175% of that of the controls. Serum lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the poisoned mice decreased slightly for 3–6 hr after endotoxin injection, but became markedly increased at 18–24 hr as compared with that in the controls. The amount of serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) showed a marked increase in the poisoned mice 8–24 hr postintoxication. The HDL fraction in the electrophoretic patterns of serum was reduced according to the dose of endotoxin 18 hr postintoxication. The HDL fraction in mice injected with lead acetate plus endotoxin was markedly lower than that in the poisoned mice. When streptozotocin‐diabetic mice were injected with endotoxin, the HDL fraction was higher than that in the endotoxin‐poisoned mice. In endotoxin‐poisoned mice a correlation was observed between the lipid peroxide and LDL levels in the serum. In disk electrophoretic patterns, the HDL fraction in mice given vitamin E‐supplemented diet showed a higher level than that in mice given a normal diet. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in poisoned mice significantly decreased to 59% of the control value 18 hr postintoxication, but hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was only slightly increased in endotoxin‐poisoned mice. In analysis of HDL apoprotein peptide in serum lipoprotein, the apo C‐II peptide level was clearly lower in mouse serum 18 hr postintoxication than that in the controls.These results suggest that the decrease in LPL activity in endotoxin‐poisoned mice may be closely related to a decrease in the apo C‐II peptide level, and also that it plays an important part in HDL and triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein metabolism in the poisoned mice.
Restricted Viral RNA Synthesis in Establishment of Persistent Infection in Vero Cells with a Sendei Virus Mutant
Authors: Kanda Tadahito , Shibuta Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt was previously shown that a temperature‐sensitive mutant of Sendai virus, ts‐23, readily establishes persistent infection in Vero cells at 37 C, a permissive temperature for growth of the mutant.In the present study, it was demonstrated that the virus yield from ts‐23‐infected Vero cells at 37 C began to decrease 48 to 72 hr postinfection, after an initial phase of high virus production. Before the decrease in virus production, the formation of viral nucleoprotein declined, although synthesis of all species of viral protein continued. It was suggested that the limited formation of viral nucleoprotein and the decrease in virus production were due to the restriction of viral RNA synthesis which began to occur early after infection in ts‐23‐infected cells at 37 C. The mutant has a temperature‐sensitive defect in RNA polymerase activity and the temperature 37 C, used for establishment of persistent infection, would be a semi‐permissive temperature for the RNA polymerase activity of the mutant. The ts‐23 mutant interfered with the replication of the parental wild virus in Vero cells at 37 C.
Occurrence of Uronic Acid in Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrionaceae
Authors: Hisatsune Kazuhito , Kondo Seiichi , Iguchi Takehiro , Machida Masaaki , Asou Shinobu , Inaguma Makoto , Yamamoto Fumihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe occurrence of uronic acid as a sugar constituent of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Vibrionaceae was demonstrated for the first time. More than 100 strains were examined. Of five genera constituting Vibrionaceae, i.e., Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Photobacterium, and Lucibacterium, the latter three contained uronic acid in LPS of all of their constituting members examined, while it was totally lacking in Aeromonas LPS so far tested. Only the members of genus Vibrio were found to be divided into uronic acid‐containing and ‐lacking groups; V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. fisheri, V. costicola, Beneckea (‘Vibrio’), and V. fluvialis belonged to the former, while all four biotypes of V. cholerae regardless of their serotypes, V. vulnificus and V. anguillarum, belonged to the latter group.The uronic acid content of V. parahaemolyticus O1 to O12 LPS ranged from 1.6 to 4.2%. The uronic acid residue released from V. parahaemolyticus O1, O4, O10, and O12 LPS by heating in 5% acetic acid at 100 C for 2 hr was identified as galacturonic acid; in particular, that from 012 LPS was characterized as d‐galacturonic acid.
Effector Cells Working for Rejection of Ad12 Tumors in Mice
Authors: Maeta Yasunobu , Toshima Muneatsu , Miura Rinjiro , Yamai Tereza Y. , Hamada Chuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImmune spleen cells (ISC) capable of inhibiting the growth of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) tumors were raised in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with Ad12, fractionated according to their affinity for plastic and nylon‐wool substrates or treated with various antisera plus complement, and subjected to the tumor‐neutralization test (Winn) to define the effector cells for the cell species. Full antitumor activity of ISC was recovered in the cell fractions nonadherent to the two substrates; the antitumor activity of ISC was abrogated entirely by anti‐Thy‐1,2 serum and almost entirely by anti‐Lyt‐2.2 ascites fluid plus complement. These results clearly indicate that T‐lymphocytes, particularly those bearing Lyt‐2.2 antigen, are the principal effectors in ISC against Ad12 tumors in animals.
Protective Effects of Antibody against Intestinal Invasion by Escherichia coli
Authors: Okabe Tatsuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeven Escherichia coli isolates from newborn calves with diarrhea were examined for enteropathogenic properties. One isolate penetrated into HeLa cells, four produced enterotoxin(s) and the remaining two possessed neither of these properties. Penetration of E. coli into HeLa cells was inhibited by antibody in bovine colostrum and in bovine and rabbit immune sera. The effective antibodies appeared to be mostly of the IgM class. The invasion by E. coli isolates was also examined by inoculation of the bacteria into the small intestine of E. coli‐immunized and non‐immunized guinea pigs. The isolate which penetrated into HeLa cells could penetrate the intestinal mucosa to be disseminated into various organs of non‐immunized guinea pigs but not of immunized guinea pigs, whereas no other isolates showed such pathogenicity in vivo. The inhibition of the invasion was observed when non‐immunized guinea pigs were inoculated with the bacteria together with colostral or serum antibody. The results show the importance of antibody in the local defense mechanism against E. coli invasion.
Variation in Virulence of Coxsackie Virus B3 in the Heart of Mice
Authors: Hashimoto Isao , Komatsu Toshihiko , Kohara Teruko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHistopathological analysis of the heart in adult mice inoculated with Coxsackie virus B3 (CB3) strains revealed that strain SK‐74 isolated from a patient suffering from severe diarrhea and fever produced severe myocarditis but strain T‐70 isolated from a healthy child induced no lesion in the hearts of mice tested, and that intensities of myocardial lesions in mice inoculated with strain PMH were higher than those in mice inoculated with prototype strain Nancy. The results support the conclusion in the preceding paper that strain SK‐74 is virulent but strain T‐70 is avirulent in mice. The results also partially indicated that the virulence of prototype strain Nancy in the heart of mice is enhanced by passages of the strain in the heart of mice. All four strains of CB3 produced lesions in the pancreas although lesions induced by strain T‐70 were less marked than those induced by the remaining three strains.
Epidemiological Studies on Echovirus Type 18 Infection in Toyama Prefecture
Authors: Matsuura Kumiko , Hasegawa Sumiyo , Nakayama Takashi , Morita Osayuki , Uetake Hisao , Masaki Akio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEchovirus type 18 (echo 18) was isolated from six aseptic meningitis children in Fukumitsu‐machi, Toyama Prefecture, from July to August, 1980. This was the first virologically‐confirmed epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echo 18 in Japan. Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of this virus among the inhabitants in Toyama Prefecture were also performed. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Significant increases in neutralizing antibody titers against echo 18 were observed in all the paired sera of aseptic meningitis patients from whom echo 18 was isolated. (2) In October, 1980, echo 18 was also isolated from healthy children or from infants suffering from gastroenteritis in other areas of Toyama Prefecture. (3) Among the sera collected from 50 children (aged ≤ 12) in Fukumitsumachi in December, 1980, neutralizing antibodies against echo 18 were detected only in the younger groups (aged ≤8), 58.9% of these age groups showing a titer of 4 or higher. (4) Another epidemic around 1963 by echo 18 in Toyama Prefecture was retrospectively suggested by the examinations of sera collected in 1978 and 1981 from inhabitants in various areas of Toyama Prefecture. (5) Neutralizing antibody titers against the strain isolated, No. 35′80, were significantly higher than those against strain ‘Metcalf,’ the prototype of echo 18, in most sera including both aseptic meningitis patients and healthy inhabitants.
Interaction of the Eighth Component of Guinea Pig Complement (C8) with the Membrane‐Bound C5b‐7 Complex
Authors: Kinoshita Taroh , Hong Kyongsu , Inoue Kozo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe eighth component (C8) of guinea pig complement consists of three polypeptide chains, the α‐, β‐, and γ‐chains with M.W. of 60,000, 60,000, and 24,000, respectively. The α‐ and γ‐chains are bound by a disulfide bond(s) forming an α‐γ subunit, which is linked noncovalently to the β‐chain.The α‐γ subunit and the β‐chain were separated and purified from C8 by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and gel chromatography on Sephacryl S‐300 in the presence of SDS.After removal of SDS, neither α‐γ nor β showed the hemolytic activity of C8 when assayed independently, but showed significant activity in combination, indicating reconstitution of active C8. The recovery of hemolytic activity was 3.48%. When α‐γ and β were incubated successively with EAC‐7 with intervening washing, reconstitution of active C8 on the cells was insignificant, irrespective of the order of the reactions. α‐γ and β did not bind to EAC‐7 when added separately, but after recombination 7% of α‐γ and 9% of β bound to EAC‐7 when EAC‐7 was in excess.These results indicate that the binding site of guinea pig C8 to the membrane‐bound C5b‐7 complex does not exist on either α‐γ or β only but stretches over both or is formed on one subunit after recombination of the subunits.
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium intracellulare
Authors: Mizuguchi Yasuo , Udou Takezo , Yamada Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of resistance of Mycobacterium intracellulare strain 103 and other clinical isolates to a variety of drugs including aminoglycoside and peptide antibiotics was investigated. Enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycoside and peptide antibiotics could not be demonstrated. Ribosomes of the strain were found to be sensitive to the antibiotics. The levels of resistance of strain 103 and other clinical isolates decreased dramatically when the culture medium was changed from Dubos agar to Tween 80‐containing agar. These results suggest that a permeability barrier is the reason for naturally occurring resistance in M. intracellulare.
Conjugal Transferability of Multiple Resistance in Shigella Strains
Authors: Tanaka Tokumitsu , Hashimoto Hajime , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractShigella strains isolated in Japan between 1971 and 1979 were surveyed for drug resistance and distribution of R plasmids. Of 2,510 strains, 89.3% were resistant to either one or various combinations of four drugs, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfanilamide. About 66% of the Shigella isolates were quadruply resistant. The frequency of isolation of R plasmids from quadruply resistant Shigella strains was the highest when compared with other strains resistant to various combinations of the four drugs. The conjugal transferability of 204 quadruply resistant strains isolated between 1977 and 1979 was tested by various mixed‐culture methods. Among the total strains examined, 70.6% carried transferable resistance when tested by the conventional broth culture method, 90.2% transferred their resistance when, in addition the replica‐plating methcd was used and 97.5% could transfer their resistance when the membrane filter method was also used. Although the remaining five strains could not transfer their resistance by any of the mixed culture methods, the drug resistance of four of the five strains was mobilized by the concomitant presence of F‐tet or T‐kan plasmid.These results indicate that almost all of the quadruple resistance in Shigella isolates was mediated by plasmid.
Subcellular Location of the Major Protein Antigens of Paramyxoviruses Revealed by Immunoperoxidase Cytochemistry
Authors: Nagai Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Tetsuya , Hamaguchi Michinari , Nagura Hiroshi , Hasegawa Hideki , Yoshimura Shinichi , Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe major structural proteins of Newcastle disease virus and Sendai virus were localized in infected BHK‐21 and MDBK cells by ultrastructural immunoperoxidase cytochemistry using antibodies against the individual viral protein antigens. The intracellular glycoproteins were strictly membrane bound, being localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), perinuclear spaces, smooth membrane vesicles, and presumed Golgi apparatus. The nucleocapsid proteins were detected exclusively in membrane free cytosol and accumulated there, forming inclusions. The membrane (M) protein was found both in cytosol and on RER. The viral proteins on RER exhibited a distinct site specificity; the glycoproteins were facing the lumen of RER whereas M protein was present at the outer cytoplasmic surface. All the viral proteins were detectable at the plasma membrane where virus assembly takes place. However, their modes of distribution differed remarkably. The glycoproteins were spread widely over the entire cell surface including the areas of virus budding and those of normal morphology, whereas M protein was localized in restricted areas of the membrane, frequently forming a patch of virus specific membrane. The presence of nucleocapsids was confined to the virus particles budding from the plasma membrane. These results complement and extend the earlier morphological and biochemical data on the assembly or morphogenesis of paramyxoviruses.
Antiviral and Antiproliferative Activities of Three Molecular Components of Leukocyte‐Derived Human Interferon
Authors: Dinolfo Elaine , Chadha Kailash C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntiviral and antiproliferative activities of three naturally occurring components of leukocyte‐derived human interferon (HuIFN‐α) separated by concanavalin A‐agarose affinity chromatography were studied in a variety of neoplastic cell lines. Significant differences were seen with these different components. The results strongly suggest that careful consideration must be given while selecting any one component of HuIFN‐α for any of the antiviral or antiproliferative studies. There is no clear evidence that glycosylation of HuIFN‐α has any significant influence on its in vitro antiviral or antiproliferative activities, although apparently glycosylated and non‐glycosylated components gave different antiviral and antiproliferative responses in different tumor cells.
Absence of Detectable Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in the Spleens of Guinea Pigs Immunized with Allogeneic Cells
Authors: Kataoka Tetsuro , Tokunaga Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing inbred guinea pigs of strains JY 1, JY 2, 2, and 13, whose major histocompatibility gene complexes are different from each other at the B region and/or the I region, the authors aimed to detect cytotoxic thymus‐derived lymphocytes (CTL) against allogeneic target cells. Various in vivo and in vitro sensitization methods that have been described for murine CTL systems were used. For detection of CTL, Con A‐ or PHA‐induced 51Cr‐labeled lymphoblasts were incubated with sensitized spleen cells or lymph node cells for 4 hr, and 51Cr released into the supernatant was assayed. Under these conditions, no significant lysis of the target cells was observed. On the other hand, significant levels of both delayed‐type hypersensitivity and humoral antibodies were detected in the animals sensitized by in vivo methods.
Morphological Differences in Flagella in Campylobacter fetus Subsp. intestinalis and C. fetus Subsp. jejuni
Authors: Morooka Tatsuya , Umeda Akiko , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntact flagella were isolated from human pathogenic strains of Campylobacter, C. fetus subsp. intestinalis and C. fetus subsp. jejuni, by the method of DePamphilis and Adler and examined by electron microscopy. The isolated flagella were composed of a filament, a hook, a basal body, and a large disk associated with the end of the hook region covering the basal body. The width of the hook was approximately 28 nm, somewhat greater than that of the filament (20 nm in diameter). The hook region of C. fetus subsp. intestinalis was curved, but it was straight in C. fetus subsp. jejuni. The structure of the basal body of the two subspecies was similar to that reported for other gram‐negative bacteria. The large disk detached from the flagella showed concentrically arranged circular structures. This structure was more clearly observed in the disk of C. fetus subsp. jejuni than in C. fetus subsp. intestinalis. Observations of thin‐sectioned profiles at the attachment site of the flagellum revealed that the large disk is located on the inner side of the outer membrane. The role of the large disk in bacterial movement is not clear, but it is assumed that it acts as an organ to protect the flagellar insertion site from vigorous rotation of the polar end inflicted during bacterial movement.
Elicitation of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity in Chicks after In Ovo Sensitization with Different Molecular Forms of the Same Hapten
Authors: Moriya Osamu , Ichikawa Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLymphocyte sensitization, which participates in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in chick embryos, was studied. The in ovo injection of dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanine (DNP‐KLH) or DNP‐dextran (DNP‐D) led to delayed onset of the hapten‐specific reaction as shown by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) after hatching. The extent of the ACD response was not directly dependent on the antigen dosage or the number of injections given for sensitizing. The magnitude of the ACD response was higher in chicks sensitized with DNP‐D than in those given DNP‐KLH. These findings suggest the presence of embryonic lymphocytes which can be sensitized by in ovo antigenic stimulation at the later stage of embryogenesis and may make possible the differentiation of functional lymphocytes. Antigen stimulation with higher doses may be inadequate for the in ovo sensitization of embryonic lymphocytes. The ACD response elicited by DNFB in chicks primed with either DNP‐KLH or DNP‐D was thought to be T‐cell dependent, from the kinetics of the ACD peak within a period of 24 to 48 hr. Furthermore the conditions for in ovo sensitization of embryonic lymphocytes by DNP‐D seem to be different from those for sensitization by DNP‐KLH.
Effective Immunity to Dental Caries: Protection of Gnotobiotic Rats by Local, Immunization with a Ribosomal Preparation from Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Gregory Richard L. , Michalek Suzanne M. , Shechmeister Isaac L. , McGhee Jerry R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA ribosomal preparation from Streptococcus mutans 6715 was characterized for its ability to induce an immune response in gnotobiotic rats which was protective against S. mutans‐induced dental caries. Animals injected in the salivary gland region with the S. mutans ribosomal vaccine developed significantly higher (P < 0.01) salivary IgA and serum IgG antibody activities against whole S. mutans cells and ribosomal preparations than nonimmunized rats. Vaccinated animals had significantly lower (67%; P < 0.01) levels of S. mutans adherent to their molar surfaces than the control rats after infection with the homologous, cariogenic S. mutans. The immunized animals had significantly fewer (P < 0.01) carious lesions on their buccal, sulcal, and proximal molar surfaces than the nonimmunized rats following challenge with the virulent organism. Animals injected with the ribosomal preparation developed salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies with specificities to various cell surface‐associated antigens such as lipoteichoic acid and glucosyltransferase, suggesting that the observed protection may be due to antibodies against cell surface contaminants of the ribosomal vaccine. These results are the first demonstration that a ribosomal preparation from S. mutans protected rats from caries formation after challenge with the homologous, virulent S. mutans.