bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the metaverse: unraveling the impact of artificial intelligence—a comprehensive review and gap analysis
Authors: Fadhel Mohammed A. , Duhaim Ali M. , Albahri A. S. , Al-Qaysi Z. T. , Aktham M. A. , Chyad M. A. , Abd-Alaziz Wael , Albahri O. S. , Alamoodi A.H. , Alzubaidi Laith , Gupta Ashish , Gu Yuantong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn response to the burgeoning interest in the Metaverse—a virtual reality-driven immersive digital world—this study delves into the pivotal role of AI in shaping its functionalities and elevating user engagement. Focused on recent advancements, prevailing challenges, and potential future developments, our research draws from a comprehensive analysis grounded in meticulous methodology. The study, informed by credible sources including SD, Scopus, IEEE, and WoS, encompasses 846 retrieved studies. Through a rigorous selection process, 54 research papers were identified as relevant, forming the basis for a specific taxonomy of AI in the Metaverse. Our examination spans diverse dimensions of the Metaverse, encompassing augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, Blockchain, Agent Systems, Intelligent NPCs, Societal and Educational Impact, HCI and Systems Design, and Technical Aspects. Emphasizing the necessity of adopting trustworthy AI in the Metaverse, our findings underscore its potential to enhance user experience, safeguard privacy, and promote responsible technology use. This paper not only sheds light on the scholarly interest in the Metaverse but also explores its impact on human behavior, education, societal norms, and community dynamics. Serving as a foundation for future development and responsible implementation of the Metaverse concept, our research identifies and addresses seven open issues, providing indispensable insights for subsequent studies on the integration of AI in the Metaverse.
Completely noninvasive multi-analyte monitoring system for cell culture processes
Authors: Rahmatnejad Vida , Tolosa Michael , Ge Xudong , Rao Govind 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough online monitoring of dissolved O2, pH, and dissolved CO2 is critical in bioprocesses, nearly all existing technologies require some level of direct contact with the cell culture environment, posing risks of contamination. This study addresses the need for an accurate, and completely noninvasive technique for simultaneous measurement of these analytes. A “non-contact” technique for simultaneous monitoring of dissolved O2, pH, and dissolved CO2 was developed. Instead of direct contact with the culture media, the measurements were made through permeable membranes via either a sampling port in the culture vessel wall or a flow cell. The efficacy of the “non-contact” technique was validated in Escherichia coli (E.coli), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) culture processes, and dynamic environments created by sparging gases in cell culture medium. The measurements obtained through the developed techniques were comparable to those obtained through control methods. The noninvasive monitoring system can offer accurate, and contamination-minimized monitoring of critical process parameters including dissolved O2, pH, and dissolved CO2. These advancements will enhance the control and optimization of cell culture processes, promising improved cell culture performance.
Pastors as Partners in Care: African Immigrant Pastors’ on Mental Health Care Referral Processes for Young Congregants Experiencing Symptoms of Psychosis in the US
Authors: Myers Neely , Meeker Robert , Odeng Valerie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly support for young people experiencing psychosis is key to preventing negative outcomes. First and second-generation Black immigrants to predominantly white countries are at higher risk for psychosis (Bourque et al. in Psychol Med 41(5):897-910, 2011) and novel interventions are needed to help support immigrants youths and families. African immigrant pastors are culturally valued and poised to help congregants with psychosis and their families, but we know little about the supports pastors offer and what kinds of tools they might need to address the needs of their congregants. This qualitative study explores semi-structured interviews with 16 primarily nondenominational, Christian, African immigrant pastors to elucidate how they served young adult congregants experiencing symptoms of psychosis and their families. Using grounded theory analytic methods, five key themes emerged: (1) building supportive relationships; (2) identifying the source; (3) healing the problem; (4) families as partners in care; and, (5) referring congregants to and collaborating with mental health professionals. These findings describe an initial set of care practices as a starting point for understanding the current and future role of African immigrant pastors as partners in providing mental health care.
Challenges and practices of deep learning model reengineering: A case study on computer vision
Authors: Jiang Wenxin , Banna Vishnu , Vivek Naveen , Goel Abhinav , Synovic Nicholas , Thiruvathukal George K. , Davis James C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Context
Many engineering organizations are reimplementing and extending deep neural networks from the research community. We describe this process as deep learning model reengineering. Deep learning model reengineering — reusing, replicating, adapting, and enhancing state-of-the-art deep learning approaches — is challenging for reasons including under-documented reference models, changing requirements, and the cost of implementation and testing.

Objective
Prior work has characterized the challenges of deep learning model development, but as yet we know little about the deep learning model reengineering process and its common challenges. Prior work has examined DL systems from a “product” view, examining defects from projects regardless of the engineers’ purpose. Our study is focused on reengineering activities from a “process” view, and focuses on engineers specifically engaged in the reengineering process.

Method
Our goal is to understand the characteristics and challenges of deep learning model reengineering. We conducted a mixed-methods case study of this phenomenon, focusing on the context of computer vision. Our results draw from two data sources: defects reported in open-source reeengineering projects, and interviews conducted with practitioners and the leaders of a reengineering team. From the defect data source, we analyzed 348 defects from 27 open-source deep learning projects. Meanwhile, our reengineering team replicated 7 deep learning models over two years; we interviewed 2 open-source contributors, 4 practitioners, and 6 reengineering team leaders to understand their experiences.

Results
Our results describe how deep learning-based computer vision techniques are reengineered, quantitatively analyze the distribution of defects in this process, and qualitatively discuss challenges and practices. We found that most defects (58%) are reported by re-users, and that reproducibility-related defects tend to be discovered during training (68% of them are). Our analysis shows that most environment defects (88%) are interface defects, and most environment defects (46%) are caused by API defects. We found that training defects have diverse symptoms and root causes. We identified four main challenges in the DL reengineering process: model operationalization, performance debugging, portability of DL operations, and customized data pipeline. Integrating our quantitative and qualitative data, we propose a novel reengineering workflow.

Conclusions
Our findings inform several conclusion, including: standardizing model reengineering practices, developing validation tools to support model reengineering, automated support beyond manual model reengineering, and measuring additional unknown aspects of model reengineering.
Mechanic citizenship: Boston Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics and the constitution of digital citizens
Authors: Boenig-Liptsin Margarita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProjects to integrate digital technologies into the fabric of city life depend upon specific visions of politics and technology. In the process of their realization, they re-constitute the identities, agencies, and relations of human inhabitants, re-defining what it means to be a citizen. This article draws on the idiom of co-production and framework of constitutionalism from Science and Technology Studies (STS) to analyze the coming into being of a form of citizenship with smartphone technologies in Boston in the 2010s. When the Boston Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics (MONUM) used newly available smartphone apps to reconfigure the connection among city residents and government, they brought into being a specific mode of citizenship. I term this mode of citizenship “mechanic” to draw attention to the qualities of passivity, infrastructure, and connectedness that characterized MONUM’s early digital citizenship projects. I argue that recognizing that the constitution of the human, and specifically of citizens, is at stake in smart city projects entails re-thinking ethical analysis in contexts of smart cities. Instead of seeking to perform ethical assessments of technological consequences (“ethics of” approach), scholars might begin with a situated analysis of how humans as citizens are constituted through smart city projects (“ethics in” approach). By identifying the political affordances and commitments of the emergent digital citizenship models, scholars can make visible alternative forms of living and engaging politically in the city.
Research in Transnational Higher Education: Mixed Methods, Mixed Locations, and Mixed Assumptions
Authors: Schueller Jessica , Aschenberger Filiz Keser , Lane Jason 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransnational education (TNE) occurs when higher education institutions traverse borders to provide educational experiences outside their home countries. Such mobility creates several research challenges, as such institutions exist between worlds. They must balance home and host country legal requirements, navigate home and branch administrative norms, adjust to differing cultural and learning expectations, and even serve different student populations. To understand this complexity, researchers must employ mixed-method approaches, which are currently limited in higher education studies. In this paper, we explore TNE as a unique setting for conducting research. We outline our design choices and the challenges we faced in conducting research on TNE institutions. For the paper’s central focus, we unpack a cross-cultural case study, which employs multi- and mixed-methods research, to assess the role of labor market outcomes at critical junctures of the student lifecycle at a binational university. By incorporating perspectives from the institution, alumni, and current and prospective students, we present a holistic view of perceived and actual graduate outcomes. This case vividly illustrates the limitations of mono-method studies. Furthermore, it demonstrates how mixed-method studies are useful for generating more meaningful outcomes in TNE research.
Assessment of sperm chromosomal abnormalities using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): implications for reproductive potential
Authors: Luongo Francesca Paola , Annunzi Eugenia , Girolamo Francesca , Belmonte Giuseppe , Ponchia Rosetta , Piomboni Paola , Luddi Alice 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in male infertility, which is becoming a significant issue in human fertility. Aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of spermatic aneuploidies and diploidies in human sperm, according to semen parameters.

Methods
We performed semen analysis according to the 6th edition of WHO criteria in 50 male subjects; samples were divided into normozoospermic (n = 23) or those with altered seminal parameters (n = 27). To assess chromosomal numerical alterations of sperm, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used.

Result
A significant increase in aneuploidies and diploidies was observed in samples with altered seminal parameters. Furthermore, stratifying this group, we observed a significant increase in aneuploidies and total abnormalities in oligozoospermic, asthenoteratozoospermic (AT), and oligoteratoasthenozoospermic (OAT) samples compared to normozoospermic.

Conclusion
Our results showed the correlation between altered seminal parameters and numerical chromosomal abnormalities, confirming that sperm FISH analysis could be an additional clinical tool to assess reproductive potential in infertile males. Moreover, our results point to the importance of updating the normality ranges for detecting chromosomal aneuploidies using FISH.
Prognostic value of heart rate variability for risk of serious adverse events in continuously monitored hospital patients
Authors: Aagaard Nikolaj , Olsen Markus Harboe , Rasmussen Oliver Wiik , Grønbaek Katja K. , Mølgaard Jesper , Haahr-Raunkjaer Camilla , Elvekjaer Mikkel , Aasvang Eske K. , Meyhoff Christian S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTechnological advances allow continuous vital sign monitoring at the general ward, but traditional vital signs alone may not predict serious adverse events (SAE). This study investigated continuous heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring’s predictive value for SAEs in acute medical and major surgical patients. Data was collected from four prospective observational studies and two randomized controlled trials using a single-lead ECG. The primary outcome was any SAE, secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and specific non-fatal SAE groups, all within 30 days. Subgroup analyses of medical and surgical patients were performed. The primary analysis compared the last 24 h preceding an SAE with the last 24 h of measurements in patients without an SAE. The area under a receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) quantified predictive performance, interpretated as low prognostic ability (0.5–0.7), moderate prognostic ability (0.7–0.9), or high prognostic ability (> 0.9). Of 1402 assessed patients, 923 were analysed, with 297 (32%) experiencing at least one SAE. The best performing threshold had an AUROC of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–0.71) for predicting cardiovascular SAEs. In the surgical subgroup, the best performing threshold had an AUROC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.60–0.81) for neurologic SAE prediction. In the medical subgroup, thresholds for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, infectious, and neurologic SAEs had moderate prognostic ability, and the best performing threshold had an AUROC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76–0.95) for predicting neurologic SAEs. Predicting SAEs based on the accumulated time below thresholds for individual continuously measured HRV parameters demonstrated overall low prognostic ability in high-risk hospitalized patients. Certain HRV thresholds had moderate prognostic ability for prediction of specific SAEs in the medical subgroup.
The Role of Religious Comfort and Strain on Social Well-Being among Emerging Adults in Poland: Serial Mediation by Meaning Making Processes
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Szcześniak Małgorzata , Zarzycka Beata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReligious struggles tend noticeably to influence the sphere of social well-being in emerging adulthood as individuals modify their religious beliefs and practices, form personal identity patterns, and rediscover new life purpose and values. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether meaning-making and meaning in life (presence and search) can serially mediate the hypothesized links between religious comfort vs. strain and social well-being. Self-report measures of religious struggles, meaning-making, meaning in life, and social well-being were completed by 368 emerging adults (aged 18 to 29, 52.2% female). The serial mediation analysis showed that the relationship between religious comfort vs. strain and social well-being was mediated by meaning-making and presence of meaning, but not by a search for meaning. These results suggest that religious struggles may represent unique aspects of developmental spiritual processes in emerging adulthood with implications for social well-being.
Size scale effect on mass burning flux and flame behavior of solid fuels
Authors: Sun Peiyi , Zhang Tianhang , Huang Xinyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the horizontal fuel size effect on free-burning fires for PMMA plates and wood cribs. The fuel size effect on mass burning flux and flame behavior is mainly discussed and compared with typical pool fires. For the PMMA plate and liquid pool, when the fuel size is small (< 10 cm), either the 3D sidewall burning of PMMA or the container wall heated by flame can promote the burning flux at the horizontal projection area. As the fuel size increases, these side wall burning or heating effects decrease, causing the drop in burning flux with fuel scale for both the PMMA plate and liquid pool. For small-scale wood cribs, fire cannot self-sustain due to the large airflow cooling. With the increase in wood crib size, the burning rate first remains constant and then gradually increases, driven by the enhanced internal radiation. As the fuel size increases above 20–30 cm, the flame radiation dominates the burning flux for all fuel types. Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) was adopted to simulate the horizontal size effect by setting a varied fire source (horizontal projection) area. First, the flame geometry and heat release rate (HRR) of simulations were validated against experimental results. Subsequently, the validated fire model generates cases covering a broad range of fire scales. Finally, a new correlation of flame height with the fire heat release rate and fuel size is proposed, and its prediction capability is validated in the numerical fire modeling. This study quantifies the size effect on the burning rate for common solid fuels and provides valuable information for the numerical modeling of multi-scale fires.
Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a single reverse nanofluid jet in a double-wall cooling configuration
Authors: Ibrahim Hady M. , Hassan Muhammed A. , Ahmed Abdallah , Kayed Hatem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of a novel reverse jet impingement cooling 3-D module for high-power systems, entailing a single jet impinging upon a concave hemispherical surface within a double-wall cooling configuration. Water-based nanofluids, with Al2O3 and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), were subject to a comprehensive examination at a range of Reynolds numbers from 10,000 to 40,000. The computational framework utilized the volume of fluid (VOF) model for precise phase interface tracking, along with the

$$k-\omega$$

k
-
ω

SST turbulence model. The results demonstrated that nanofluids have remarkable heat transfer enhancement, compared to water. The maximum Nusselt number augmentation reached 61.76% and 77.47% for 2.0% Al2O3 and 0.04% MWCNT nanofluids, respectively. The thermal performance improved when escalating nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds numbers, reaching a cooling module’s thermal resistance of only 0.0266 K W−1. However, mild increments in pressure drop of up to 7.80 and 3.04% were noticed at the lowest Reynolds number for the two nanofluids, respectively. MWCNT nanofluids exhibited superior thermal enhancement over their Al2O3 counterparts despite their lower concentrations. The greatest combined thermo-hydraulic performance was attained with a 0.04% MWCNT nanofluid at a Reynolds number of 20,000, where the energy performance was boosted by 77%, compared to water. The study identified significant conjugate heat transfer effects, demonstrating how temperature gradients within the solid walls directly influenced heat transfer coefficients and thermal resistances within the fluid phase. These findings provide a deeper understanding of thermal management strategies for high-power systems.

Graphic abstract
Brown bear habitat use patterns across 19 years of population expansion in the Cantabrian Mountains
Authors: Nogueira Carolina , Hipólito Dário , Pando Doriana , Carvalho João , Fonseca Carlos , Hartasánchez Alfonso , Magadan José Ramón , Rosalino Luís M. , Torres Rita T. , Hartasánchez Roberto , Ferreira Eduardo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Context
Large carnivores have faced severe extinction pressures throughout Europe during the last centuries, where human-induced disturbances reached unprecedented levels. In the late twentieth century, the Cantabrian brown bear population was on the verge of extinction, due to poaching. Yet, the end of the last century was a turning point for this population. Presence data on the western Cantabrian subpopulation was collected since the beginning of the century and insights provided by this long-term monitoring may be useful for brown bear conservation.

Objectives
Here, we aim to: (i) identify the landscape features relevant to bears’ recovery; and (ii) understand if and how the landscape use patterns by bears changed over time.

Methods
We tested the influence of landscape structure (i.e., composition and configuration) on bear occurrence patterns using MAXENT in three periods representative of land cover change.

Results
Despite variation across the 19-year monitoring period, brown bears were more often detected near broad-leaf forests and bare rock areas and at lower to intermediate altitudes, but avoided arable lands, permanent crops, and burnt areas. Human population density or distance to roads—often used for modelling habitat suitability for Cantabrian brown bears—were not identified as relevant variables for this brown bear subpopulation. Artificial areas were identified as relevant landscape features, but not as disturbance.

Conclusions
These findings reinforce the importance of preserving bears’ native habitats and provide new insights, namely on the use of humanized landscapes.
Weak Ergodicity in G-NHMS
Authors: Vassiliou P.-C.G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present we provide the definition of the new concept of the General Non-Homogeneous Markov System (G-NHMS) and establish the expected population structure of a NHMS in the various states. These results will be the basis to build on the new concepts and the basic theorems of what follows.We then establish the set of all possible expected relative distributions of the initial number of memberships at time t and all possible expected relative distributions of the expansion memberships at time t. We call this set the general expected relative population structure in the states of a G-NHMS. We then proceed by providing the new definitions of weak ergodicity in a G-NHMS and weak ergodicity with a geometrical rate of convergence. We then prove the Theorem 4 which is a new building block in the theory of G-NHMS. We also prove a similar theorem under the assumption that relative expansion of the population vanishes at infinity.We then provide a generalization of the coupling theorem for populations. We proceed then to study the asymptotic behavior of a G-NHMS when the input policy consists of independent non-homogeneous Poisson variates for each time interval $$\left( t-1,t\right] $$

t
-
1
,
t

. It is founded in Theorem 7 that it displays a kind of weak ergodicity behavior, that is, it converges at each step to the row of a stable matrix. This row is independent of the initial distribution and of the asymptotic input policy unlike the results in previous works. Hence it generalizes the result in that works. Finally we illustrate our results numerically for a manpower system with three states.