bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cocaine Body-Packer Syndrome: Evaluation of a Method of Contrast Study of the Bowel
Authors: Marc B , Baud FJ , Aelion MJ , Gherardi R , Diamant-Berger O , Blery M , Bismuth C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The questionable reliability of the conventional procedures for detection of ingested drug packages triggered us to evaluate the accuracy of a method of contrast study of the bowel in 23 nonsurgically managed cocaine body-packers. A single dose (60 mL) of a water-soluble contrast compound (amidotrizoate + meglumine) was given orally after initial clinical examination and drug detection in urine. Thereafter, roentgenograms were performed daily after spontaneous passage until obtaining two packet-free stools and negative views. Roentgenograms showed packages when performed at least 3 h after the ingestion of the contrast compound. Sensitivity and specificity of the method with respect to the detection of residual packets in the body, assessed by subsequent examination of stools, was good and did not diminish as the number of packages decreased during the time spent in ward. No side-effects were observed. We conclude that oral administration of a water-soluble contrast compound is an easily performed, efficient, and safe method for the nonsurgical management of cocaine body-packers.
Incompetency to Stand Trial: Treatment Unaffected by Demographic Variables
Authors: Bennett GT , Kish GR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The results of previous studies of the assessment of a defendant's competence to stand trial have suggested that demographic characteristics of the defendant have influenced diagnostic and treatment decisions. This study investigated the effect of three such demographic characteristics on the length of treatment of defendants committed because of incompetency to stand trial. Length of treatment was chosen because it had been the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Jackson v. Indiana. The institution from which data were analyzed was the North Florida Evaluation and Treatment Center, a forensic mental health treatment center located in Gainesville, Florida. The records of 1090 defendants committed for such treatment between 1978 and 1984 were coded and collected. The demographic composition of the institution was found to parallel that found in the prior studies and to reflect that of the criminal justice system generally. Statistical analysis, using linear regression, revealed, contrary to researchers' expectations, that length of treatment did not appear to be influenced by the demographic factors of race, education, or marital status.
Sleep Violence—Forensic Science Implications: Polygraphic and Video Documentation
Authors: Mahowald MW , Bundlie SR , Hurwitz TD , Schenck CH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
During the past century, infrequent, anecdotal reports of sleep-related violence with forensic science implications have appeared. Recent rapid developments in the field of sleep-disorders medicine have resulted in greater understanding of a variety of sleep-related behaviors, and formal sleep-behavior monitoring techniques have permitted their documentation and classification. Sleep-related violence can be associated with a number of diagnosable and treatable sleep disorders, including (1) night terrors/sleepwalking, (2) nocturnal seizures, (3) rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-behavior disorder, (4) sleep drunkenness, and (5) psychogenic dissociative states occurring during the sleep period. Potentially violent automatized behavior, without consciousness, can and does occur during sleep. The violence resulting from these disorders may be misinterpreted as purposeful suicide, assault, or even homicide. Sleep-related violence must be added to the list of automatisms. A classification system of both waking and sleep-related automatic behavior is proposed, with recommendations for assessment of such behavior.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Causing Sudden, Unexpected Death—A Series of Eight Patients
Authors: Bell MD , Barnhart JS , Martin JM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eight patients were presented to the medical examiner after dying suddenly and unexpectedly from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Compared with patients who die after prolonged hospitalization and treatment, these patients showed fewer neurologic symptoms and correspondingly fewer or no microthrombi within the brain. Only four of eight subjects developed fever, which further contributed to misdiagnosis. The differences in clinical presentation between our cases and most published series is striking and may be explained by shorter duration and no treatment. Each case contained the characteristic histology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ischemic injury to the heart and conduction system was the most likely mechanism of sudden death. Included in this series is a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed at autopsy, a concurrence that is now appearing more frequently in the medical literature.
Identification of Decomposed Human Remains by Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Profiling
Authors: Haglund WD , Reay DT , Tepper SL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
After routine methods failed to establish positive identification of a decomposed homicide victim, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing techniques using blood from the victim and putative parents of the victim were used. This is the first report in the literature of a case using DNA fingerprinting in a “parentage” context to establish identity of unidentified, decomposed human remains.
Undiagnosed, Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting as Suspected Child Abuse
Authors: McClain JL , Clark MA , Sandusky GE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Natural disease being mistaken for child abuse is rare. A two-year-old child was found unresponsive at home and transported to a local hospital, where she expired in the emergency room. Several cutaneous contusions were observed. Prior to the autopsy it was learned that an anonymous report of “child abuse” had been previously filed concerning this child. At autopsy there were multiple metasynchronous cutaneous contusions, but no radiologic or gross evidence of other injuries. A pericardial effusion, massive hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy were apparent. The bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidneys, pancreas, heart, stomach, and dura mater showed a monotonous lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. This case reaffirms the need for an objective examination of all cases by a forensic pathologist.
Surface Analysis of a Musket Shot Dated Between 1645 and 1655 Found in Historic St. Mary's City, Maryland
Authors: Stacy CC , Miller HM , Froede RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A number of large lead musket shot have been found in the Pope's fort site at historic St. Mary's City in Maryland. These collected shot have been dated to the period from 1645 to 1655 by Dr. Henry Miller. One of these musket shot has an interesting flattened configuration and appears as if it hit a very solid object. The impact surface has been examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS). The results of these examinations have been compared with examinations of bone and an oyster shell of the same age found at the site. The findings are consistent with the impact site containing sand and probably also bone.
Lingual Markings of Anterior Teeth as Seen in Human Bite Marks
Authors: Sperber ND 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A review of the available literature does not reveal a plausible explanation as to why the incisal edges of maxillary anterior teeth do not always mark clearly. Generally, the mandibular incisal edges do mark with some consistency. This paper demonstrates through test bites on skin that the answer lies in the position of the mandible.
Sex Determination in the Subadult Ilia: An Indirect Test of Weaver's Nonmetric Sexing Method
Authors: Hunt DR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The sexing of subadult remains has been an ongoing problem in physical anthropology for many years. This is due in part to the scarcity of subadult collections of known age and sex which are large enough to be used to develop and test analytical methods. Several methods have been devised but few have produced reliable results. In 1980, Weaver presented a method for sexing subadult ilia using a nonmetric trait (the raised versus nonraised auricular surface), which has an accuracy of 75% in fetal females and 92% in fetal males. His method has not been tested for reliability on a different subadult sample. An indirect test of Weaver's method was made on a sample of subadult South Dakota Arikara Indian ilia by comparing the ratio of raised to nonraised auricular surfaces with an expected 1:1 sex distribution.
Bimodal sex distributions in the Arikara formed unrealistic sex ratios, following an age-related shift from a 6:1 raised/nonraised ratio in newborns to a 1:4 ratio in young adolescence. Significant age correlations were found both in the present study and in Weaver's published results. The age-to-sex correlations indicated no confounding in the present study. The results of this test suggest that auricular surface morphology is not sex specific in subadult ilia, but may be related to aspects of shape and morphology in pelvic growth.
The Role of Ethanol Abuse in the Etiology of Heroin-Related Death
Authors: James Ruttenber A , Kalter HD , Santinga P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Toxicology analyses and other forensic science data were used to examine the mechanisms through which ethanol increased the risk for death caused by injected street preparations of heroin. The authors studied 505 victims of fatal heroin overdose and compared subjects who had concentrations of blood ethanol greater than 1000 mg/L (n = 306) with those who had concentrations less than, or equal to 1000 mg/L (n = 199). We found significant negative correlations between concentrations of ethanol and morphine (a heroin metabolite) in blood (R2 = 0.11, P = 0.0001 for log10-transformed variables) as well as between concentrations of blood ethanol and bile morphine (R2 = 0.16, P = 0.0001 for log10 bile morphine versus blood morphine). Toxicologic evidence of infrequent heroin use was more common in decedents with blood ethanol concentrations greater than 1000 mg/L than in those with lower concentrations. Our data suggest that ethanol enhances the acute toxicity of heroin. and that ethanol use indirectly influences fatal overdose through its association with infrequent (nonaddictive) heroin use and thus with reduced tolerance to the acute toxic effects of heroin.
A Review of Forensic Toxicology: Proceedings of the 25th International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
Authors: Baselt RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The theme of the 25th International Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT) was “Interpretation of Analytical Results.” A number of the 52 papers included in these proceedings do address themselves to this topic and provide much useful information. Most of the other articles cover either general or specific analytical techniques: immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry are equally well represented, and there appears to be more emphasis on high-performance liquid chromatography methods than in past TIAFT proceedings. The preface by the editors provides a welcome overview, and a delightful commentary by Dr. V. Spiehler presents a more personalized profile of the attendees, their scientific interests, and the social functions included in the program.
Field Performance of the Intoxilyzer 5000: A Comparison of Blood- and Breath-Alcohol Results in Wisconsin Drivers
Authors: Harding PM , Laessig RH , Field PH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
IntoxilyzerEM 5000 and blood-alcohol results from drivers arrested for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated and for related offenses were compared during a two-year period. Three hundred and ninety-five pairs of results were studied. The breath- and blood-alcohol specimens in this study were collected within 1 h of each other. The mean blood-alcohol concentration obtained was 0.180 g/dL, with a range from zero to 0.338 g/dL. By comparison, the mean Intoxilyzer 5000 result was 0.16 g/210 L with a range from zero to 0.32 g/210 L. Compared with the blood-alcohol result, Intoxilyzer 5000 results were lower by more than 0.01 g/210 L 67% of the time, within 0.01 g/210 L 31% of the time, and higher by more than 0.01 g/210 L 2% of the time.
Survey of Gunshot Residue Analysis in Forensic Science Laboratories
Authors: DeGaetano D , Siegel JA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this survey was to determine the methods of analysis being used on gunshot residue (GSR) samples in forensic science laboratories across the United States. In addition, the two general techniques of GSR analysis are compared and contrasted. Problems encountered by analysts using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) are discussed.
Management Analysis: A Mathematical Model for Determining the Staffing Requirements of a Forensic Science Laboratory System
Authors: Nelson LK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A staffing model was developed for use by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory Command in determining the number of personnel required to staff the 15 technical divisions of its three forensic science laboratories adequately. Regression analysis was used to develop formulas for predicting the number of technical man-hours required to process a predicted evidence work load. Techniques were adopted for estimating the requirements for nontechnical man-hours. A forecasting system was designed to project future work load requirements. The model links these components to predict manpower requirements based upon year-to-year changes in case submissions.
Orosomucoid 1 Phenotyping from Human Urine by Isoelectric Focusing
Authors: Harada A , Umetsu K , Yuasa I , Ikeda N , Suzuki T 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Orosomucoid 1 polymorphism was revealed in human urine by isoelectric focusing and immunoprinting on polyacrylamide gels. The orosomucoid in urine samples was recovered and concentrated by using immobilized allo A lectin. The orosomucoid 1 phenotypes of 60 urine samples correlated with those of the corresponding serum samples.
Inadvertent Clavicular Fractures Caused by “Chiropractic” Manipulations in an Infant: An Unusual Form of Pseudoabuse
Authors: Sperry K , Pfalzgraf R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A nine-month-old child was found unresponsive in his crib, five hours after his last feeding. At autopsy, there were no external or internal signs of abuse or neglect, and a few visceral pleural and epicardial petechiae were consistent with the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, postmortem total body radiographs revealed healing, symmetrical clavicular fractures and a healing left medial humeral epicondyle fracture. The parents had no explanation for these injuries and denied causing any harm to the child. The location and nature of the fractures strongly suggested abusive origin, and the case was reported to the police and the district attorney's office as child abuse. During the investigation, information from the parents indicated that the child had undergone “chiropractic” manipulations by an unlicensed therapist, between three and four weeks prior to death, to correct supposed “shoulder dislocations.” This time interval correlated with the histologic age of the injuries, and the history explained their unusual bilateral location and appearance. The parents were exonerated of abuse charges, and the death was ascribed to SIDS.
Effect of Fabric Washing on the Presumptive Identification of Bloodstains
Authors: Cox M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the retention of blood stains on twelve different types of fabrics after washing at various drying times. The findings of this study, supported by chi-square analysis, indicate that the retention of bloodstains on washed fabrics depends upon the particular fiber composition of the fabric, the specific blood screening test used, and whether or not a detergent was used in the wash. The results of this research did not reveal a significant effect of the drying time on the retention of bloodstains, as tested during the 48-h limit of this experiment. The author concludes that the forensic serologist should consider the factors investigated in this study before rendering an opinion on the retention of bloodstains on washed garments.
A New Approach to Unraveling Tangled Adhesive Tape for Potential Detection of Latent Prints and Recovery of Trace Evidence
Authors: Choudhry MY , Whritenour RD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Occasionally, crumpled adhesive tape strips are encountered in criminal cases involving rape, murder, kidnapping and explosives (bombing). Such tape is usually submitted to a crime laboratory for the detection of latent prints, to establish a physical match with other strips or roles of tape, or to be examined for associative evidence, such as hair, fibers, or paint, which may be adhering to the tape surfaces. To achieve these objectives, it is often necessary to unravel the tape without affecting the potential latent prints which may be present on the adhesive or nonadhesive surfaces. This paper describes a new technique, using a solvent consisting of a blend of aliphatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, to unravel tangled tape which, unlike existing freezing or heating methods, minimizes disturbance of latent prints. This procedure was used on various types of commercially available adhesive tapes bearing latent prints, which were subsequently detected by crystal violet, cyanoacrylate fuming, and fluorescent dye stain development procedures. This simple technique proved to be very convenient and successful in unraveling various types of adhesive tapes for the detection of latent prints and possible recovery of trace evidence.
Sudden Cardiac Death During Exercise in a Weight Lifter Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Pathological and Toxicological Findings
Authors: Luke JL , Farb A , Virmani R , Sample RHB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 21-year-old, previously healthy weight lifter collapsed during a bench press workout. He had taken anabolic androgenic steroids parenterally for the previous several months. Pertinent autopsy findings included marked cardiac and renal hypertrophy and hepatosplenomegaly, with regional myocardial fibrosis and focal myocardial necrosis. Nandrolone (19-nor-testosterone) metabolites were identified in postmortem urine. The possible etiologies of the cardiac findings are discussed.
A Review of Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime Scenes
Authors: De Forest PR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Crime scene reconstruction, and bloodstain pattern interpretation in particular, although potentially very powerful investigative approaches, are misunderstood, misused, and abused areas of forensic science. Misinformation aboundsl and a coherent source of reliable information is needed. However, writing a text on crime scene reconstruction or bloodstain pattern interpretation is no easy task. If it were, such a text would probably have been written some time ago. Certainly, the importance of this area of forensic science has been widely recognized for about 20 years, largely as a result of Herbert MacDonell's publications and courses. Clearly, a book dealing with bloodstain pattern interpretation would be expected to be very welcome. Unfortunately, the present book does not deliver on the promise implicit in its title. It offers little in the way of scientific insight or discussions of general principles.
A Review of The Psychopathic Mind: Origins, Dynamics, and Treatment
Authors: Metzner JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Psychopathy, as defined by Dr. Meloy, is “a deviant developmental disturbance characterized by an inordinate amount of instinctual aggression in the absence of an object relational capacity to bond.” The author initially provides a psychobiological foundation for understanding psychopathy and later uses object relations theory to conceptualize this disorder further. Four sections, consisting of eight chapters which can be read independently, comprise this book.
Natural Death as Viewed by the Medical Examiner: A Review of 1000 Consecutive Autopsies of Individuals Dying of Natural Disease
Authors: Di Maio VJM , Di Maio DJM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study of 1000 consecutive autopsies of individuals dying of natural disease was conducted. Cardiovascular disease was responsible for 60.9% of all deaths with coronary artery disease—not only the main cause of cardiovascular death but also the main cause of all natural deaths—accounting for 45.1% of such cases. Diseases of the central nervous and respiratory systems accounted for 8.7 and 8.6%, respectively, of the natural deaths. Seizure disorders and pneumonia were the main causes of death in these organ systems. There were 124 deaths of children less than one year in age, 91 which were due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). All of the SIDS deaths were in children less than 10 months old.
Cocaine Babies: The Scourge of the '90s
Authors: Sturner WQ , Sweeney KG , Callery RT , Haley NR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Six cases of cocaine-related deaths of infants have covered the spectrum of potentially devastating effects. They include an intrauterine death of a 35-week-old fetus following acute maternal cocaine abuse; anoxic encephalopathy at birth with 3 months' vegetative survival from a similar episode; traumatic compression asphyxia in a 4-month-old; infectious cardiomyopathy with heart failure in a twin at age 21 months following maternal cocaine abuse at birth; malnutrition and dehydration in a 7-week-old during continuing cocaine abuse by the parents; and a teenage sibling's cocaine lacing of a baby milk bottle ingested by his 6-week-old brother. All the cases had positive toxicological screening for cocaine or metabolites or both in the mother at delivery or in the infant at birth, or both. There were no instances of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS, or “crib death”). Pathologic and toxicologic, as well as birth, developmental, and social data are presented.
An integrated medical, public health, law enforcement, and educational policy to prevent or at least ameliorate these tragic cases, now approaching epidemic proportions, has yet to be developed. A careful obstetrical history and examination of the mother, indication on the birth certificate of maternal drug abuse, and notification of health authorities (by birth certificate checking, among other ways) may send an early warning message to providers for intercession. Active ingestion/injection and passive inhalation by older children and teenagers require more intensive monitoring and aggressive interaction by pediatricians, social workers, school authorities, and employers. Postmortem toxicologic analysis for cocaine and other drugs in each fetus, infant, and child has now become essential, given the frequency of positivity in obstetrical and other clinical situations and recent forensic reports.