bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature acclimation and heat tolerance of photosynthesis in Norwegian Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Andersen Guri Sogn , Pedersen Morten Foldager , Nielsen Søren Laurentius 
Published: April 2013

Kelps, seaweeds and seagrasses provide important ecosystem services in coastal areas, and loss of these macrophytes is a global concern. Recent surveys have documented severe declines in populations of the dominant kelp species, Saccharina latissima, along the south coast of Norway. S. latissima is a cold‐temperate species, and increasing seawater temperature has been suggested as one of the major causes of the decline. Several studies have shown that S. latissima can acclimate to a wide range of temperatures. However, local adaptations may render the extrapolation of existing results inappropriate. We investigated the potential for thermal acclimation and heat tolerance in S. latissima collected from three locations along the south coast of Norway. Plants were kept in laboratory cultures at three different growth temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C) for 4–6 weeks, after which their photosynthetic performance, fluorescence parameters, and pigment concentrations were measured. S. latissima obtained almost identical photosynthetic characteristics when grown at 10 and 15°C, indicating thermal acclimation at these temperatures. In contrast, plants grown at 20°C suffered substantial tissue deterioration, and showed reduced net photosynthetic capacity caused by a combination of elevated respiration and reduced gross photosynthesis due to lowered pigment concentrations, altered pigment composition, and reduced functionality of Photo‐system II. Our results support the hypothesis that extraordinarily high temperatures, as observed in 1997, 2002, and 2006, may have initiated the declines in S. latissima populations along the south coast of Norway. However, observations of high mortality in years with low summer temperatures suggest that reduced population resilience or other factors may have contributed to the losses.
Correlation of bronchoalveolar eosinophilic percentage with airway responsiveness in cats with chronic bronchial disease
Authors: Allerton F. J. W. , Leemans J. , Tual C. , Bernaerts F. , Kirschvink N. , Clercx C. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo retrospectively assess the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis and lung function parameters as assessed by means of barometric whole body plethysmography and airway responsiveness testing in cats with chronic bronchial disease and to evaluate the potential application of barometric whole body plethysmography and airway responsiveness testing to distinguish between eosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic bronchitis.MethodsTwelve cats presented for chronic bronchial disease with complete bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and barometric whole body plethysmography data were identified. Cats were retrospectively assigned to eosinophilic bronchitis or non‐eosinophilic bronchitis groups on the basis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil percentage (threshold 17%). Airway responsiveness was quantified by calculating the concentration of carbachol‐inducing bronchoconstriction (C‐Penh‐300), defined as a 300% increase of basal enhanced pause (Penh).ResultsLog Penh was significantly higher and C‐Penh‐300 significantly lower in eosinophilic bronchitis cats compared to non‐eosinophilic bronchitis cats (P=0·031 and P=0·032, respectively). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil percentage was moderately correlated with log Penh (P=0·012, r=0·70) and showed a weak inverse correlation with C‐Penh‐300 (P=0·047, r=−0·58).Clinical SignificanceThis study provides supportive evidence of a correlation between airway eosinophilic inflammation and plethysmographic measures of bronchoconstriction and airway responsiveness. Further investigation of the use of barometric whole body plethysmography to differentiate between forms of chronic bronchial disease in cats is indicated.
Avascular necrosis of the canine radial carpal bone: a condition analogousto Preiser's disease?
Authors: Aiken M. J. , Stewart J. E. , Anderson A. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn eight‐year‐old male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier was presented for investigation of right forelimb lameness of 14 months’ duration. Radiography showed mottled osteolysis of the right radial carpal bone. Histopathology of the bone demonstrated replacement of healthy bone with granulation tissue suggestive of ischaemic necrosis. Lameness resolved following pancarpal arthrodesis. In humans, Preiser's disease is a condition in which idiopathic ischaemic necrosis of the scaphoid bone, the equivalent of the canine radial carpal bone, occurs. This disease may be analogous to the presentation seen in this case. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of such a condition in a dog.
Hepatitis C virus treatment and survival in patients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus co‐infection and baseline anaemia
Authors: Erqou S. , Mohanty A. , McGinnis K. A. , Vanasse G. , Freiberg M. S. , Sherman K. E. , Butt A. A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe impact of pretreatment anaemia on survival in individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infection is not known. Moreover, HCV treatment is offered less frequently to individuals with anaemia, due to haematological side effects of the treatment regimen. This study aimed to determine the effect of HCV treatment on survival among HCV/HIV co‐infected individuals with pretreatment anaemia using the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV‐Infected Veterans (ERCHIVES). Individuals with HCV/HIV co‐infection were included in current analyses. Participants were considered treated if they were prescribed ≥4 weeks of HCV treatment. All‐cause mortality data were obtained using record linkage. Survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Among 5000 HCV/HIV co‐infected individuals, 1671 (33.4%) had pretreatment anaemia. In a follow‐up period of up to 7 years (19 500 person‐years), individuals with anaemia had significantly higher mortality rate compared with those without anaemia [144.2 (95% CI: 134.5–154.7) vs 47.5 (44.0–51.2) per 1000 person‐years, respectively]. Among individuals with anaemia, HCV treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality rate [66.6 (44.3–100.2) vs 149.6 (139.2–160.5) per 1000 person‐years, for treated vs untreated, respectively]. Treatment remained associated with substantial survival benefit after taking into account the effect of multiple comorbidities (hazards ratio: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.62). These data suggest that HCV/HIV co‐infected individuals with pretreatment anaemia have significantly higher mortality compared with those without anaemia. HCV treatment is associated with substantial survival benefit in this group. Additional studies are needed to determine strategies to improve HCV treatment rates among this group.
Fungal siderophore biosynthesis is partially localized in peroxisomes
Authors: Gründlinger Mario , Yasmin Sabiha , Lechner Beatrix Elisabeth , Geley Stephan , Schrettl Markus , Hynes Michael , Haas Hubertus 
Published: April 2013

SummarySiderophores play a central role in iron metabolism and virulence of most fungi. Both Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans excrete the siderophore triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) for iron acquisition. In A. fumigatus, green fluorescence protein‐tagging revealed peroxisomal localization of the TAFC biosynthetic enzymes SidI (mevalonyl‐CoA ligase), SidH (mevalonyl‐CoA hydratase) and SidF (anhydromevalonyl‐CoA transferase), while elimination of the peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) impaired both, peroxisomal SidH‐targeting and TAFC biosynthesis. The analysis of A. nidulans mutants deficient in peroxisomal biogenesis, ATP import or protein import revealed that cytosolic mislocalization of one or two but, interestingly, not all three enzymes impairs TAFC production during iron starvation. The PTS motifs are conserved in fungal orthologues of SidF, SidH and SidI. In agreement with the evolutionary conservation of the partial peroxisomal compartmentalization of fungal siderophore biosynthesis, the SidI orthologue of coprogen‐type siderophore‐producing Neurospora crassa was confirmed to be peroxisomal. Taken together, this study identified and characterized a novel, evolutionary conserved metabolic function of peroxisomes.
High‐resolution transcriptional analysis of the regulatory influence of cell‐to‐cell signalling reveals novel genes that contribute to Xanthomonas phytopathogenesis
Authors: An Shi‐Qi , Febrer Melanie , McCarthy Yvonne , Tang Dong‐Jie , Clissold Leah , Kaithakottil Gemy , Swarbreck David , Tang Ji‐Liang , Rogers Jane , Dow J. Maxwell , Ryan Robert P. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe bacterium Xanthomonas campestris is an economically important pathogen of many crop species and a model for the study of bacterial phytopathogenesis. In X. campestris, a regulatory system mediated by the signal molecule DSF controls virulence to plants. The synthesis and recognition of the DSF signal depends upon different Rpf proteins. DSF signal generation requires RpfF whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon a system comprising the sensor RpfC and regulator RpfG. Here we have addressed the action and role of Rpf/DSF signalling in phytopathogenesis by high‐resolution transcriptional analysis coupled to functional genomics. We detected transcripts for many genes that were unidentified by previous computational analysis of the genome sequence. Novel transcribed regions included intergenic transcripts predicted as coding or non‐coding as well as those that were antisense to coding sequences. In total, mutation of rpfF, rpfG and rpfC led to alteration in transcript levels (more than fourfold) of approximately 480 genes. The regulatory influence of RpfF and RpfC demonstrated considerable overlap. Contrary to expectation, the regulatory influence of RpfC and RpfG had limited overlap, indicating complexities of the Rpf signalling system. Importantly, functional analysis revealed over 160 new virulence factors within the group of Rpf‐regulated genes.
Aggravation of inflammatory bowel diseases by oral streptococci
Authors: Kojima A , Nomura R , Naka S , Okawa R , Ooshima T , Nakano K 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesStreptococcus mutans can aggravate colitis in mice. We evaluated the virulence of colitis using type strains as well as blood isolates of several oral streptococcal species.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the susceptibility of blood isolates of several oral streptococci to phagocytosis, adhesion to and invasion of hepatic cells and interferon‐γ secretion. A mouse model of dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis was used to evaluate bacterial aggravation of colitis. In addition, interferon‐γ antibody was administered to mice with prominent aggravation of colitis.ResultsIn vitro analyses showed that Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 was a possible virulent strain among type strains of several oral streptococci, and that analysis of blood isolates of S. sanguinis TW289 revealed a potential virulent strain. Intravenous administration of ATCC 10556 and TW289 caused prominent aggravation of dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis, and histopathological examinations showed that interferon‐γ secretion due to infection of hepatic cells caused colitis aggravation. Administration of interferon‐γ antibody suppressed TW289‐induced colitis.ConclusionThese results suggest that some virulent oral streptococcal strains are associated with the aggravation of colitis induced by enhanced secretion of interferon‐γ when they invade the bloodstream.
Converting restriction fragment length polymorphism to single‐strand conformation polymorphism markers and its application in the fine mapping of a trichome gene in cotton
Authors: He Shae , Zheng Yunna , Chen Aiqun , Ding Mingquan , Lin Lifeng , Cao Yuefen , Zhou Wei , Rong Junkang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA well‐characterized and systematically organized collection of genetic markers is crucial in the study of any crop species. It is the basis of map‐based gene cloning and crop improvements through marker‐assisted selections. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been a robust way of discovering new polymorphisms in marker development without the requirement of sequencing. Here, we report the first approach of applying SSCP marker discovery methods in the genetic map construction and gene mapping of cotton species. A total of 80 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were selected from a region on published cotton genetic maps around the T1 gene related to cotton trichome. Among the 80 RFLPs, 28 showed polymorphisms through SSCP, showing a polymorphic rate of approximately 35%, which is much higher than that of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the same region (7.8%). By integrating these newly generated SSCP markers, a detailed genetic map was reconstructed around this region using an F2 population derived from a cross between Gossypium arboreum and G. herboceum. The reconstructed region comprises 22 SSCP markers, eight SSR markers and the T1 gene, spanning 21.6 cM. The marker order of the new map agrees well with published reference RFLP maps. The above results suggest that SSCP method can be applied very efficiently and reliably to the marker development of cotton genomes. It will prove to be even more valuable and robust after the public release of cotton whole‐genome sequences.
REGIONAL INCOME DISPARITY IN CHINA USING VALUE‐ADDED DATA: DECOMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroshi , Fan Jin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing value‐added data, we examine regional income disparity in China's provinces during the period 1987–2008. We decompose the Gross Regional Product (GRP) of China's provinces into four value‐added components: compensation of employees, operating surplus, depreciation of fixed assets, and net tax on production. We measure income disparity by the coefficient of variation (CV) and measure the contribution of these four components to disparity in GRP. The disparity in operating surplus and net tax on production shows decreasing tendencies, while the disparity in compensation of employees and depreciation of fixed assets increases. The CV for all components is thus almost identical. In addition, compensation of employees contributes increasingly to disparity in GRP and replaces the operating surplus as the primary source of income disparity among China's provinces. These results have arisen through improvements among low‐income, predominantly rural, workers, and higher‐income workers employed by direct foreign investors or business owners.
GRAVITY MATTERS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Oh Jinhwan , Rahman Sardar Rashedur 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing a gravity approach, this study primarily explores Bangladesh's trade pattern. It is found that Bangladesh's trade patterns are basically consistent with the prediction of the gravity model across decades. Additionally, the comparison between actual and predicted trade volumes indicates that Bangladesh's exports are heavily dependent on the US market. Policy implications follow.
ENDOWMENTS VERSUS RETURNS: COUNTERFACTUAL QUANTILE DECOMPOSITION OF URBAN–RURAL INEQUALITY IN SRI LANKA
Authors: De Silva Indunil 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to investigate whether observed urban–rural inequalities in Sri Lanka are due to locational concentration of households with similar endowments that are likely to place them at the bottom of the welfare distribution, or whether it is due to the geographical disparities in the return to these endowments. The study firstly sketches a poverty and inequality profile for Sri Lanka and then identifies the degree to which different levels of endowments and returns effect account for regional welfare differences by applying the Oaxaca–Blinder and Machado–Mata quantile decomposition methods. The study finds in general that, when comparing the urban and rural sectors at the mean, the expenditure differentials are primarily due to differences in returns to endowments. Decomposition results suggest that identical households do not have the same growth prospects independent of where they live, and for geography to play a vital role in explaining the level of household living standards. Quantile regression decomposition estimates suggests that the endowments effect is increasing and dominant for households at the bottom of the welfare distribution, while the returns effect is dominant for wealthier households.
Spatiotemporal variations of Jurassic–Cretaceous magmatism in easternAsia (Tan‐Lu Fault toSW Japan): evidence for flat‐slab subduction and slab rollback
Authors: Kiminami Kazuo , Imaoka Teruyoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHere, we examine spatiotemporal variations of Jurassic–Cretaceous magmatism along ac. 1000‐km transect across eastern Asia, includingSW Japan, the Korean,Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsulas, and easternJilin Province. Integration of tectonic regime data with age data from igneous rocks in easternAsia (from the Tan‐Lu Fault toSW Japan) suggests a shallowing of the subduction angle and subsequent flat‐slab subduction during the Jurassic, and slab rollback during the Early Cretaceous. The combination of a subducting plateau and root‐enhanced suction provides the best explanation for the flat‐slab subduction. In the final stage (Albian) of slab rollback, the geotectonic setting changed from subduction–accretion to a continental arc in the area close to the ancient trench (i.e. the Inner Zone ofSW Japan).
Spatiotemporal patterns ofAedes aegyptipopulations in Cairns, Australia: assessing drivers of dengue transmission
Authors: Duncombe Jennifer , Clements Archie , Davis Joe , Hu Wenbiao , Weinstein Philip , Ritchie Scott 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the meteorological drivers of dengue vector density and determine high‐ and low‐risk transmission zones for dengue prevention and control in Cairns, Australia.MethodsWeekly adult femaleAe. aegyptidata were obtained from 79 double sticky ovitraps (SOs) located in Cairns for the period September 2007–May 2012. Maximum temperature, total rainfall and average relative humidity data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for the study period. Time series–distributed lag nonlinear models were used to assess the relationship between meteorological variables and vector density. Spatial autocorrelation was assessed via semivariography, and ordinary kriging was undertaken to predict vector density in Cairns.ResultsAe. aegyptidensity was associated with temperature and rainfall. However, these relationships differed between short (0–6 weeks) and long (0–30 weeks) lag periods. Semivariograms showed that vector distributions were spatially autocorrelated in September 2007–May 2008 and January 2009–May 2009, and vector density maps identified high transmission zones in the most populated parts of Cairns city, as well as Machans Beach.ConclusionSpatiotemporal patterns ofAe. aegyptiin Cairns are complex, showing spatial autocorrelation and associations with temperature and rainfall. Sticky ovitraps should be placed no more than 1.2 km apart to ensure entomological coverage and efficient use of resources. Vector density maps provide evidence for the targeting of prevention and control activities. Further research is needed to explore the possibility of developing an early warning system of dengue based on meteorological and environmental factors.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Efficient Bioflocculant-Producing Bacterium
Paenibacillus
sp. Strain A9
Authors: Jiang Bin-hui , Liu Jin-liang , Hu Xiao-min 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus
sp. strain A9 is an important bioflocculant-producing bacterium, isolated from a soil sample, and is pale pink-pigmented, aerobic, and Gram-positive. Here, we report the draft genome sequence and the initial findings from a preliminary analysis of strain A9, which is a novel species of
Paenibacillus
.
Clinical utility of corpus callosum measurements in head sonograms of preterm infants: a cohort study
Authors: Perenyi Agnes , Amodio John , Katz Joanne S , Stefanov Dimitre G 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical usefulness of measurement of corpus callosum (CC) size in head ultrasound (HUS) to predict short-term neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in preterm infants. We hypothesised that including CC measurements in routine HUS will be an additional tool for early identification of infants at risk of adverse short-term ND outcome, over and above the predictive power of perinatal morbidities.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and outpatient NICU follow-up clinic of an academic medical centre in New York City.Participants929 HUS of 502 infants with gestational age of 23–36 weeks in African-American infants were initially studied. Exclusion criteria included those who died, had gross abnormalities in HUS, infants with race other than African-American, infants with suboptimal quality of HUS, late preterm infants and infants who did not participate in ND follow-up. A total of 173 infants completed the study.InterventionsCC size (length and thickness) was measured in a subset of 87 infants who had routine HUS between 23 and 29 weeks (0–6 postnatal weeks). Relevant clinical variables were collected from chart reviews. ND assessments were completed in outpatient follow-up clinics. A statistical model was developed to assess the clinical utility and possible predictive value of CC measurements for adverse short-term ND outcome, while adjusting for perinatal morbidities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCC size and ND status.ResultsMeasurements of CC size did not add substantial predictive power to predict short-term ND outcome beyond the information provided by the presence of morbidities related to prematurity.ConclusionsNo association was found between morbidities related to prematurity and short-term ND outcome and CC size in preterm infants. CC measurements in HUS early in life did not have an additional value in predicting short-term ND outcome, therefore did not seem to provide further clinical utility.