bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbiased learning of controversial topics
Authors: Vydiswaran V.G.Vinod , Zhai ChengXiang , Roth Dan , Pirolli Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhen presented with many relevant documents about a controversial topic, humans do not always read and trust them uniformly. Instead, they tend to follow and agree with articles and sources that hold similar viewpoints as theirs, a phenomenon known as confirmation bias. This suggests that when acquiring additional knowledge about a controversial topic, human biases and viewpoints about the topic may affect what information is considered trustworthy. We designed a user study to analyze various factors that may help in learning about a controversial topic without bias. In this paper, we study the impact of presenting contrasting viewpoints on learning about controversial claims. Our analysis shows that exposing subjects to contrasting viewpoints helped them learn more efficiently and reduce strongly‐held biases.
An examination of user tags in a digitized humanities online collection
Authors: Choi Youngok , Syn Sue Yeon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine user tags that describe digitized archival collections for humanities domains. For the current study, we observed what attributes users describe for primary historical and classical resources as tags, and whether tags in digital scholarly collections go beyond content description. Findings of the study show that topic‐related tags were more than half of tags while tags representing opinion, usage context, or self‐reference were few. Terms related to genre or physical format of a resource were found to be frequently used in describing primary archival resources. The findings help understand users' tagging behavior and resource interpretation in primary and historical resources in humanities.
Who disseminates academic library information on Twitter?
Authors: Kim Hae Min , Abels Eileen G. , Yang Christopher C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate information dissemination by academic libraries through an analysis of retweet users on Twitter. Academic libraries have posted a variety of information for their patrons on Twitter; however, we know little about who has an interest in academic library tweets and to whom the information is disseminated. To this end, we explored a network of academic libraries by analyzing categories of users who are involved in retweet activity. The results show which user groups disseminate academic library information. We collected 571 retweets and 506 retweet users from 10 academic libraries' Twitter accounts, and categorized them into 12 groups. The results indicate that the primary groups disseminating the tweets of academic libraries are units within universities and students.
Completeness, coverage & equivalence in scientific data records
Authors: Thomer Andrea K. , Baker Karen S. , Sacchi Simone , Dubin David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPreviously we asked, “When is a record data and when is it a fish?” (Wickett et al., 2012). In this work, we ask, “when and in what contexts are a record and a fish equivalent?” We describe and compare a collection of potentially equivalent records describing a Mola mola, or Ocean Sunfish, specimen. We calculate the Metadata Coverage Index (MCI) of each record and explore the use the Systematic Assertion Model (Dubin, 2010) to support investigation of the assertions contained in these data records.
Gender and ethnicity trends in journal peer review: An empirical investigation using JASIST
Authors: Zhang Guo , Demarest Bradford , Sugimoto Cassidy R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study analyzed rates of acceptance to the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology between June 2009 and May 2011, in order to shed light on extra‐scientific social trends (specifically, gender and ethnicity of authors and reviewers) in academic journal submission acceptance.
Factors influencing STEM researchers' data sharing behaviors
Authors: Kim Youngseek 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn modern research activities, scientific data sharing is essential in terms of data‐intensive science and scholarly communication. Scientific communities are making continuous endeavors to promote scientific data sharing. Currently, however, it is not always well‐deployed throughout science and engineering disciplines. The objective of this research is to investigate the factors which influence scientists' data sharing behaviors. Two theoretical perspectives, institutional theory and theory of planned behavior, are employed in developing a conceptual model, which shows the complementary nature of the institutional and individual factors influencing scientists' data sharing behaviors. Institutional theory can explain the context in which individual scientists are acting; whereas the theory of planned behavior can explain the underlying motivations behind scientists' data sharing behaviors in an institutional context. This research will use a survey method to investigate the data sharing factors at individual and institutional levels. The findings from this study have the potential to accelerate both scientific collaborations and further enable data‐intensive scientific research. This research can provide useful guidelines for designing data sharing repositories, developing relevant policies for data sharing, and facilitating individual scientists' data sharing within different scientific communities.
Repurposing existing digital resources and smoothing interdisciplinary communication: Environmental policy collection development
Authors: Hall Nathan , Alemneh Daniel Gelaw , Phillips Mark Edward 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGiven the proliferation of scholarly digital contents, it has become increasingly difficult for researchers to find relevant contents in their own, not to mention related, disciplines. The situation is even worse in interdisciplinary fields such as environmental sciences. Many academic libraries provide services to support the creation, organization, management, use, and reuse of digital contents. This poster describes the University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries' initiative to provide digital infrastructure and stewardship in order to ensure long‐term access to the resources collected. The preliminary results from usage and related statistics analysis suggest significant research and educational impact of the Environmental Policy Collection. Based on the University of North Texas Libraries' experience in integrating heterogeneous digital resources from diverse sources and providing seamless access, this poster will also provide guidelines for future digital collection development, and make recommendations for further study of collection development strategies.
Elaborating the technology acceptance model with social pressure and social benefits for social networking sites (SNSs)
Authors: Choi Gilok , Chung Hyewon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith its heavy traffic and technological capabilities, social networking sites (SNSs) introduced a new means of building and maintaining social relationships. This study aims to identify underlying factors and causal relationships that affect behavioral intention to use SNSs. For this purpose, this research developed an extended technology acceptance model (TAM), incorporating subjective norm (SN) and perceived social capital (PSC). Exploratory correlation and path analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between five constructs; perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), subjective norm (SN), perceived social capital (PSC), and intention to use (IU). The results showed that PU and PEOU had robust effects on the user's intention to use SNSs. The research findings also demonstrated that SN and PSC were significant predictors of both PU and PEOU, and therefore should be considered as potential variables for extending TAM.
All‐visual retrieval: How people search and respond to an affect‐driven visual information retrieval system
Authors: Benoît Gerald , Agarwal Naresh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe design of information retrieval (IR) systems must respond to the goals, intentionality and prior domain knowledge of the users. During focus groups conducted, end users complained that instead of looking for specific‐items, they might be interested in a spectrum of concepts – all things related to something or all things of a particular color. To respond to these needs, an entirely visuals‐driven information retrieval system project was developed using a test‐bed of copyright‐free images reflecting monographs, graphics, and work collections. In the absence of such IR systems, not much is known about how users will interact with a visuals‐only retrieval system. This poster describes the project in general and its usage to explore (a) how users interact with graphic‐only retrieval for exploring traditional and non‐traditional access points and (b) how the affective component impacts the use of such systems. Findings based on the study will help shed light on research based on visual information systems and user behavior when interacting with such systems. The findings will be useful both in designing systems that respond to user needs, and add to prior research in information seeking and retrieval.
Arterial stiffness, lifestyle intervention and a low‐calorie diet in morbidly obese patients—A nonrandomized clinical trial
Authors: Nordstrand N. , Gjevestad E. , Hertel J.K. , Johnson L.K. , Saltvedt E. , Røislien J. , Hjelmesæth J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the 7‐week effect of a low‐calorie diet (LCD) and an intensive lifestyle intervention program (ILI) on arterial stiffness in morbidly obese individuals.Design and Methods:Nonrandomized clinical trial. The LCD provided 900 kcal/day, and participants in the LCD group were instructed to maintain their habitual physical activity level. The ILI included two 90‐min supervised training sessions 3 days a week at moderate to high intensity (4‐8 METs) and a caloric restriction of 1000 kcal/day.Results:A total of 179 individuals completed the study, 88 (56 women) in the ILI group and 91 (57 women) in the LCD group. High‐fidelity applanation tonometry (Millar®, Sphygmocor®) was used to measure carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). After adjustment for relevant confounders, the ILI group had a significantly greater reduction in PWV than the LCD group; −0.4 (−0.6, −0.1) m/s, P = 0.004. When compared to the LCD group, the ILI group showed a larger reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure −5 (−9, −1) and −5 (−7, −2) mmHg, P = 0.038 and P ≤ 0.001 respectively, whereas no difference was observed regarding pulse pressure, P = 0.661. No significant differences between groups were found regarding the loss of fat mass, P = 0.259, but the loss of muscle mass was larger in the LCD group, 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) kg, P ≤ 0.001.Conclusion:Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized design, our findings indicate that for morbidly obese individuals a moderate caloric restriction combined with aerobic physical exercise is associated with a greater decline in PWV than a LCD alone.
A finite equivalence of multisecret sharing based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial
Authors: Zhao Hui , Sun Jonathan Z. , Wang Fengying , Zhao Lei 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe give an abstraction of multisecret sharing based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial that is accessible to a fully mechanized analysis. This abstraction is formalized in the applied pi‐calculus by using an equational theory that characterizes the cryptographic semantics of multisecret sharing based on Lagrange interpolating polynomial. We also present an encoding from the equational theory into a convergent rewriting system, which is suitable for the automated protocol verifier ProVerif. Finally, we verify the Yang–Chang–Hwang (YCH) protocol in ProVerif. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Employer Self‐Insurance Decisions after the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Cordova Amado , Eibner Christine , Vardavas Raffaele , Broyles James , Girosi Federico 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo present a microsimulation model that addresses the methodological challenge of estimating the firm decision to self‐insure.MethodologyThe model considers the risk that the firm bears when self‐insuring and the opportunity to mitigate that risk by purchasing stop‐loss insurance. The model makes use of a structural, utility maximization framework to account for numerous aspects of the firm decision, and a multinomial probit to reproduce the elasticity of the firm's demand for health insurance.Findings and ConclusionsOur simulations provide three important conclusions. First, they project significant increases in self‐insurance rates among small firms‐‐presumably induced by the desire to avoid ACA's rate‐banding and risk adjustment regulations—only if generous stop‐loss policies become widely available. Second, they show that this increase would be due to this hypothetical adoption of widespread, generous reinsurance by the market and not by passage of the ACA. Third, even with a substantial increase of self‐insurance rates among small firms, they project negligible adverse selection in the exchanges, as indicated by our finding that the increase in exchange premium is less than 0.5% when assuming very generous stop‐loss policies after implementation of the ACA.
Chronic activation of vasopressin V2 receptor signalling lowers renal medullary oxygen levels in rats
Authors: Dietrich A. , Mathia S. , Kaminski H. , Mutig K. , Rosenberger C. , Mrowka R. , Bachmann S. , Paliege A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimIn the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of chronic vasopressin administration on renal medullary oxygen levels.MethodsAdult Sprague Dawley or vasopressin‐deficient Brattleboro rats were treated with the vasopressin V2 receptor agonist, desmopressin (5 ng/h; 3d), or its vehicle via osmotic minipumps. Immunostaining for pimonidazole and the transcription factor HIF‐1α (hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α) were used to identify hypoxic areas. Activation of HIF‐target gene expression following desmopressin treatment was studied by microarray analysis.ResultsPimonidazole staining was detected in the outer and inner medulla of desmopressin‐treated rats, whereas staining in control animals was weak or absent. HIF‐1α immunostaining demonstrated nuclear accumulation in the papilla of desmopressin‐treated animals, whereas no staining was observed in the controls. Gene expression analysis revealed significant enrichment of HIF‐target genes in the group of desmopressin‐regulated gene products (P = 2.6*10−21). Regulated products included insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 3, angiopoietin 2, fibronectin, cathepsin D, hexokinase 2 and cyclooxygenase 2.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that an activation of the renal urine concentrating mechanism by desmopressin causes renal medullary hypoxia and an upregulation of hypoxia‐inducible gene expression.
Effect of systemic antibiotics on clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of implant therapy – a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tan Wah Ching , Ong Marianne , Han Jie , Mattheos Nikos , Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Tsai Alex Yi‐Min , Sanz Ignacio , Wong May C.M. , Lang Niklaus P. ,   on Behalf of the ITI Antibiotic Study Group
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of various systemic antibiotic prophylaxis regimes on patient‐reported outcomes and postsurgical complications in patients undergoing conventional implant installation.Material and methodsThree hundred and twenty‐nine healthy adults in need of conventional implant installation were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (i) preoperatively 2 g of amoxycillin 1 h before surgery (positive control, PC), (ii) postoperatively 2 g of amoxycillin immediately following surgery (test 1, T1), (iii) preoperatively 2 g of amoxycillin 1 h before and 500 mg thrice daily on days 2 and 3 after surgery (test 2, T2), (iv) preoperatively 2 g of placebo 1 h before surgery (negative control, NC). Subjects were examined clinically by blinded examiners over 8 weeks after implant installation. In addition, Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for pain, swelling, bruising and bleeding were obtained over 14 days. ANOVA was performed for the VAS. Chi‐square tests were applied for postsurgical complications.ResultsAll VAS scores were low for all groups and decreased over time (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences for the VAS scores between the various groups at any time point (P > 0.05). There was only a significant difference in flap closure at week 4, where NC had 5% of the subjects not achieving complete wound closure compared to 0% for the three other groups (P = 0.01), with no other significant differences for any postsurgical complications (P > 0.05).ConclusionFor standard single implant placement, prophylactic systemic antibiotics either before or after, or before and after the surgical procedure do not improve patient‐reported outcomes or prevalence of postsurgical complications.
Image analysis of hyperchromatic crowded cell groups in SurePath cervical cytology
Authors: Evered A. , Edwards J. , Powell G. 
Published: January 2013

Objective:  The discrimination of hyperchromatic crowded cell groups (HCCGs) in cervical cytology is a difficult and error‐prone interpretive task. While the classic features of dyskaryosis are of undoubted value, the contribution of size, shape and colour intensity of HCCGs is less certain. This study employed morphometric analysis to determine whether HCCG area, shape and colour intensity are useful in categorising them.Methods:  Seventy‐five digital images from each of six categories of HCCG were subjected to image analysis. Ten variables relating to HCCG size, shape and colour intensity were assessed by discriminant function analysis. A further 28 cases were employed as a test set to determine the classification accuracy of the discriminant model. All samples were SurePath liquid‐based cytology preparations.Results:  Nine of the 10 variables contributed significantly to the model (P < 0.001) but no single variable had sufficient discriminative ability. Classification accuracy was highest for abnormal endocervical HCCGs and lowest for squamous metaplastic cells (64.0 vs. 17.3% correct classification rate).The accuracy of the model for distinguishing normal and abnormal HCCGs was 70.0%, which was significantly higher than chance (P < 0.0001), but this reduced to 64.3% for the test cases, which was no better than chance (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  The area, shape and colour intensity of HCCGs, either alone or in combination, have little discriminative value. Practitioners and trainers should focus on the well‐established features of dyskaryosis, such as chromatin pattern, nuclear membrane irregularities and group architecture. In terms of morphometric analysis, DNA ploidy and chromatin texture analysis may be more fruitful avenues of investigation.
Multimodality Imaging of a Right Atrial Thrombus Obliterating Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Demirkol Sait , Yesil Fahri Gurkan , Bozlar Ugur , Unlu Murat , Balta Sevket , Sahin Mehmet Ali 
Published: January 2013

Mini‐AbstractWe herein report a case of large right atrial thrombus at the junction of inferior vena cava and right atrium using multimodality imaging. When a right‐sided cardiac mass is encountered, it is important to clarify the type of the mass. Atrial myxoma, thrombus, vegetation, metastatic tumors, and primary benign or malignant tumors should be considered in the differential diagnoses of intraatrial masses. However, it is usually hard to make an accurate diagnosis before surgery.
Chinese Emigration to Australia around 1900: A Re‐examination of Australia’s ‘Great White Walls’
Authors: Taylor Antony 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reassesses the debates around Chinese emigration into the Australian colonies before Federation in 1901. Drawing on the literature relating to the emergence of the Chinese community in Australia, it argues that pressures exerted by anti‐Chinese organisations that thrived following the expansion of representative democracy in the Australian colonies, and the emergence of organised labour parties, were instrumental in the creation of exclusionary campaigns waged against Chinese migrants. By depicting the Chinese as temperamentally unsuited to democracy and through campaigns to highlight the impact of imported, low cost manual workers into the Australian colonies, the new forces of colonial labour led by radical politicians were at the heart of an attempt to erect ‘White Walls’ against migrants from South‐East and East Asia. These campaigns drew on a fund of images and popular fears that cohered around the role of the opium den, and the solitary, itinerant Chinese male.
Managerial Delegation under Alternative Unionization Structures
Authors: Fanti Luciano , Meccheri Nicola 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of managerial delegation in a duopoly game under alternative unionization structures. Introducing managerial delegation in a framework with centralized unionization leads to incentives for sales, lower profits and higher consumer surplus as well as overall welfare. In contrast, delegating output decisions to managers in the presence of decentralized unionization produces opposite results unless unions are strongly employment‐oriented. Moreover, managerial delegation makes unionization structure neutral in relation to consumer surplus and overall efficiency. Finally, the timing of moves in the three‐stage game proves to be important for obtaining the above qualitative results under decentralized unionization.
Two‐step evolution of the hepatitis B drug‐resistant mutations in a patient who developed primary entecavir resistance
Authors: Lee Guan‐Huei , Inoue Masafumi , Toh Jimmy K.‐P. , Chong Roxanne H.‐H. , Aung Myat‐Oo , Koay Evelyn S.‐C. , Lim Seng‐Gee 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimFew cases of primary entecavir resistance in chronic hepatitis B patients have been reported to date. The serial profiling of the HBV polymerase gene mutations from a treatment‐naive patient who developed drug resistance after 32 months of entecavir therapy is presented here.DesignSerum samples were collected at multiple time points from before the start of therapy to virological and biochemical breakthrough. The evolution of the hepatitis B virus polymerase gene mutations was analysed with commercial line probe assay and pyrosequencing.ResultsDrug resistance mutation analysis by pyrosequencing revealed a two‐step process in the selection of drug resistance. The patient had a good initial response to entecavir 0.5 mg/day. A partially resistant HBV strain first emerged as the predominant species from as early as 2 weeks. After a period of non‐compliance to therapy, there was virological breakthrough, which resolved on restarting entecavir. Shortly after, there was secondary failure of entecavir therapy, caused by a new resistant strain carrying all three mutations required.ConclusionIn this patient, pre‐existence of minor population of partially resistant viral strains and treatment non‐compliance probably contributed to his development of primary entecavir resistance.