ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ФОРМ И МЕХАНИЗМОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЁРСТВА
Authors: ЖИДКОВ А.С. 
Published: February 2025

В данной статье исследуется возможность и обосновывается необходимость развития форм и механизмов государственно-частного партнёрства (ГЧП) в условиях прогнозируемого сокращения бюджетного финансирования. Кратко рассматриваются этапы развития концессионных соглашений, как наиболее перспективной формы ГЧП при реализации инфраструктурных проектов и проектов в коммунально-энергетической сфере. Анализируются статистические данные, структура и объёмы инвестиционных вложений при реализации проектов на основе ГЧП. Предлагается направление дальнейшего развития форм и механизмов ГЧП – концессионных соглашений за счёт внедрения нового инструмента привлечения частных инвестиций – «розничных концессионных облигаций». Вместе с тем, данное направление требует проведения множества дополнительных исследований и может иметь продолжение, что определяет перспективность данной научной тематики в будущем.
Introduction. Cooperation between government and private sector, which includes business structures, has a long history and rich experience. However, enhancement of modern technologies and means of interaction between economic entities has a great impact on the development of the types and mechanisms of public and private partnership. The possibility and perspectives for development of different types and mechanisms of public and private partnership in the current climate of Russia are analyzed in the paper. Based on the experience of foreign counties, the scenarios for the development of different types and mechanisms of public and private partnership are offered. The goal of the research is to study the existing forms and devices for implementation of concession as a type of public and private partnership and to study foreign experience of concession application with a view to reveal the possibilities for its further development in the current climate of Russia. General-logic methods of enquiry, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and simulation, are used for the research. Results. The most wide spread forms of interaction between government and business were revealed. Such forms of interaction were chosen to be the object for the further analysis. The analysis showed concession agreement to be the most often used type of public and private partnership in Russia. This fact predetermined further study of concession agreement in order to determine the perspectives for its possible development. A new mechanism was elaborated. The mechanism enables to integrate into the financial structure of running projects the money savings of private economic entities. InfraOne estimated the volume of private capital potentially available for investment in Russian infrastructure projects for 2017–2018 years to be about 530–540 billion rubles. However, the existing mechanisms for implementation of the concession agreements do not include the possibility to use this sum of money as investments. Conclusion. To develop and improve the existing mechanism of concession agreements, it is offered to implement a new type of securities – ”retail concession bonds”. The author offers an integration solution of such tool into the finance facility of investment projects based on concession. The result will be improvement of the tool effectiveness and raise of its investment attractiveness for a greater number of economic entities.