bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetary Companions to Three Evolved Intermediate-Mass Stars: HD 2952, HD 120084, and ω Serpentis
Authors: Sato Bun’ei , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Liu Yu-Juan , Izumiura Hideyuki , Kambe Eiji , Takeda Yoichi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Itoh Yoichi , Ando Hiroyasu , Kokubo Eiichiro , Ida Shigeru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report on the detections of planetary companions orbiting around three evolved intermediate-mass stars based on precise radial velocity measurements at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. HD 2952 (K0III, 2.5 $M_{\odot}$) and $\omega$ Ser (G8III, 2.2 $M_{\odot}$) host a relatively low-mass planet with minimum masses of $m_2$ sin$i =$ 1.6 $M_{\rm J}$ and 1.7 $M_{\rm J}$ in nearly circular orbits with periods of $P =$ 312 and 277 d, respectively. HD 120084 (G7 III, 2.4 $M_{\odot}$) hosts an eccentric planet with $m_2$ sin$i =$ 4.5 $M_{\rm J}$ in an orbit with $P =$ 2082 d and an eccentricity of $e =$ 0.66. The planet has one of the largest eccentricities among those ever discovered around evolved intermediate-mass stars, almost all of which have an eccentricity smaller than 0.4. We also show that the radial-velocity variations of stellar oscillations for G giants can be averaged out below a level of a few m s$^{-1}$, at least on a timescale of a week by high-cadence observations. This enables us to detect a super-Earth and a Neptune-mass planet in short-period orbits even around such giant stars.
Growth of a Protostar and a Young Circumstellar Disk with a High Mass-Accretion Rate onto the Disk
Authors: Ohtani Takuya , Tsuribe Toru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The growing process of both a young protostar and a circumstellar disk is investigated. The viscous evolution of a disk around a single star is considered with a model where a disk increases its mass by a dynamically accreting envelope, and simultaneously loses its mass via viscous accretion onto the central star. We focus on a circumstellar disk with a high mass-accretion rate onto the disk, $\dot{M} =$ 8.512 $c_{\rm s}^3/G$, as the result of a dynamical collapse of the rotating molecular cloud core. We consider the origin of the surface density distribution as well as that of the disk-to-star mass ratio by means of numerical calculations of an unsteady viscous accretion disk in a one-dimensional axisymmetric model. It is shown that the radial profiles of the surface density, $\Sigma$, azimuthal velocity, $v_{\phi}$, and mass-accretion rate, $\dot{M}$, in the inner region approach to the quasi-steady state. The profile of the surface density distribution in a quasi-steady state is determined as to be a result of angular momentum transport, rather than its original distribution of angular momentum in the cloud core. It is also shown that the disk mass becomes larger than the central star in the long-time limit as long as temporally constant mass flux onto the disk is assumed. After the mass infall rate onto the disk declines owing to a depletion of the parent cloud core, the disk-to-star mass ratio, $M_{\rm disk}/M_*$, decreases. The disk-to-star mass ratio becomes smaller than unity after $t \gt 10^{5}$ yr and $t \gt 10^{6}$ yr from the beginning of the accretion phase in the case with $\alpha_{0} =$ 1 and 0.1, respectively, where $\alpha_{0}$ is the constant part of the viscous parameter. In the case with $\alpha_{0} \leq 10^{-2}, M_{\rm disk}/M_*$ is still larger than unity at 2 Myr from the beginning of the accretion phase.
Post-tsunami resettlement in Sri Lanka and India: site planning, infrastructure and services
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , McEvoy Darryn 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, major resettlement programmes were implemented in the affected countries including Sri Lanka and India. New settlements were built from scratch on vacant land, which consisted of building new houses and provision of infrastructure and services. Some of these programmes in Sri Lanka and India were reviewed in an Australian Research Council (ARC) funded research and this paper presents and analyses some of the findings of the research. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research is based on interviews of residents and representatives of agencies involved in planning and implementing the resettlement programmes, and on-site observations. The investigation examined critical aspects of settlement development including site planning, transport, drainage, water supply, sanitation, waste management and security.

Findings
– Very little site planning guidelines were available specifically for resettlement programmes; in both the case study countries, general planning guidelines were applied. Provision and management of infrastructure and services presents great challenges in developing countries as high capital investment and good technical skills for design, implementation and maintenance are required. Some of the resettlement schemes had the advantage of being centrally located and hence had access to schools, health centres and other facilities. However, others were in isolated locations and beneficiaries faced problems in accessing basic facilities. Drainage was a problem – most schemes did not have any surface drainage plan; low areas had not been elevated, slopes not levelled, and land not compacted before construction. Electricity and water supply had been provided in all the programmes, but conditions and quality varied. In many of the schemes, sanitation presented a problem. However, in Chennai, the sewage system worked well and this was one achievement all interview respondents praised. Solid waste management and security posed additional problems.

Originality/value
– In the global context of increasing frequency and intensity of disasters due to climate change, adequate planning and implementation of reconstruction and resettlement programmes has become more important than ever. In this regard, the lessons gained in this paper should be of value and can provide guidance to post-disaster resettlement programmes in developing countries.
Routine ultrasound examination at 41 weeks of gestation and risk of post‐term severe adverse fetal outcome: a retrospective evaluation of two units, within the same hospital, with different guidelines
Authors: Lindqvist PG , Pettersson K , Morén A , Kublickas M , Nordström L 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo study whether a routine with a routine ultrasound examination (routine scan) at 41 gestational weeks as compared with ultrasound on clinical indication (indicated scan), lowered the risk of severe adverse fetal outcome in post‐term period.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingKarolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.PopulationEight years of deliveries, 2002–2009.MethodOne of the two delivery units at Karolinska University Hospital used a routine scan at 41 week of gestation and the other unit used an indicated scan. Severe adverse fetal outcome were defined: severe asphyxia, death or cerebral damage. The study was analysed using logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.Main outcome measuresDifferences in post‐term severe adverse fetal outcome.ResultsNo increased risk of post‐term severe adverse fetal outcome was seen at the unit using a routine scan; conversely, a 48% significantly increased risk was seen at the unit using an indicated scan (OR 0.89, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.5–1.5 and OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06–2.1, respectively). Comparing post‐term periods, there was no significantly increased risk at the unit using indicated scans (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9–3.0). There was a 60% increased prevalence of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) newborns in the post‐term period at the unit using indicated scans (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4), but no differences in operative delivery.ConclusionA policy to use routine scans at 41 weeks of gestation seems to normalise an increased post‐term risk of severe adverse fetal outcome, possible due to increased awareness of SGA and/or oligohydramniosis.
Fallopian tube recanalisation using dedicated radiographic tubal assessment set in angiography suite
Authors: Al‐Omari MH , Al‐mnayyis A , Obeidat N , Amarin Z , Zayed F , Rousan L , Al‐balas H , Alawneh K , El‐heis M , Omari Z , Hanania R 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionFallopian tube recanalisation (FTR) for proximal fallopian tube obstruction (PFTO) is considered a good treatment option for tubal infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and the technical and clinical success rates of FTR using a dedicated radiographic tubal assessment set (FluoroSet®) in the angiography suite.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected between February 2007 and June 2011 at King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan. During this period, 61 patients affected by PFTO underwent FTR using FluoroSet® at our institution. The mean age of patients was 34 years (range 20–45 years), and the mean duration of infertility was 4 years (range 2–14 years). The procedure was performed with conscious sedation under fluoroscopic guidance in the angiography suite. The obstructed tube was accessed with a 5‐Fr multipurpose catheter, and the obstruction was crossed with a 0.35‐Fr hydrophilic guide wire until the wire coiled freely into the peritoneal cavity. Patency of the tube was then confirmed by selective salpingiogram. Technical success rate was recorded, and patients were followed up for evidence of pregnancy over 12 months.ResultsThe procedure was technically successful in all patients. Minor bleeding and postprocedural pain occurred in most patients; however, there were no major complications encountered. Twenty‐five patients (41%) became pregnant. Successful deliveries of full‐term infants were reported in 21 patients (84%). Miscarriage was reported in four patients (16%). No ectopic pregnancies were detected, and all deliveries were full‐term. The technical success rate was 100% and the clinical success rate was 41%.ConclusionSelective salpingography and FTR using FluoroSet® is a safe and effective method. FTR is recommended as the first intervention in patients with PFTO. In experienced hands with dedicated equipment and in an appropriate setting, the success rate is high, and this treatment should be offered to infertile women with PFTO before other, more complex techniques are attempted.
High throughput screening of rooting depth in rice using buried herbicide
Authors: Al‐Shugeairy Z. , Islam Md.S. , Shrestha R. , Al‐Ogaidi F. , Norton G.J. , Price A.H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRoot research requires high throughput phenotyping methods that provide meaningful information on root depth if the full potential of the genomic revolution is to be translated into strategies that maximise the capture of water deep in soils by crops. A very simple, low cost method of assessing root depth of seedlings using a layer of herbicide (TRIK or diuron) buried 25 or 30 cm deep in soil‐filled boxes of varying size is described that is suitable for screening hundreds or thousands of rice accessions in controlled environment conditions. Variation in cultivar sensitivity to the herbicide when injected into pots was detected but considered small in relation to the variation detected when the herbicide was buried. Using 32 rice cultivars previously characterised for root traits in rhizotron and hydroponic systems, 80% of variation in herbicide score at 35 days was explained by cultivar and herbicide score correlated strongly with rooting depth traits. Using 139 genotypes of the Bala × Azucena mapping population, heritability for herbicide symptoms reached 55% and quantitative trait loci were detected which match those previously reported in this population. In repeated experiments using different soils, the method did not always perform to its maximum potential (in terms of speed of symptom development or discrimination between cultivars). This was not due to degradation or reduced bio‐availability of the herbicide in the soil but is believed to be due to the soil water content and water release characteristics as it relates to plant water use. Therefore, when using this technique, thorough preliminary experiments to determine the best water application regime for the particular combination of soil and environmental conditions are required. The method should be applicable to seedling stage screening of rice and other crops.
Diversification, corporate governance and firm value in small markets: evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Al‐Maskati Nawaf , Bate André J. , Bhabra Gurmeet S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe find that diversified firms in New Zealand are associated with a value discount of 19–42 per cent relative to single‐segment (undiversified) firms. Although several competing explanations have been offered in the literature, we find that the strength of corporate governance explains between 15–21 per cent of this discount. Specifically, board size, busyness of directors, CEO ownership and whether or not compensation of directors includes equity‐based components collectively explain a large part of the reported discount. Our results from companies trading in New Zealand complement recent findings in the US by not only confirming the existence of a diversification discount but also emphasizing the role of poor governance in destroying shareholder wealth by pursuing a value‐destroying corporate strategy. All our results hold after controlling for potential endogeneity in the decision to diversify and the choice of corporate governance structure by employing two‐way fixed‐effects and dynamic‐panel generalized method of moments regression techniques.
Coagulation assays and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in real‐world patients with atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran
Authors: Chin Paul K. L. , Patterson David M. , Zhang Mei , Jensen Berit P. , Wright Daniel F. B. , Barclay Murray L. , Begg Evan J. 
Published: March 2014

AimsIn patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed dabigatran, the aim was to examine the correlation between plasma dabigatran concentrations and the three screening coagulation assays [international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT)] as well as the dilute thrombin time (dTT) and to examine the contribution of plasma fibrinogen concentrations to the variability in TT results.MethodsPlasma from patients with atrial fibrillation on dabigatran were analysed for clotting times and concentrations of fibrinogen and dabigatran. Correlation plots (and associated r2 values) were generated using these data. The variability in TT results explained by fibrinogen concentrations was quantified using linear regression.ResultsFifty‐two patients (38–94 years old) contributed 120 samples, with plasma dabigatran concentrations ranging from 9 to 408 μg l−1. The r2 values of INR, aPTT, TT and dTT against plasma dabigatran concentrations were 0.49, 0.54, 0.70 and 0.95, respectively. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations explained some of the residual variability in TT values after taking plasma dabigatran concentrations into account (r2 = 0.12, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOf the screening coagulation assays, the TT correlated best with plasma dabigatran concentrations. Variability in fibrinogen concentrations accounts for some of the variability in the TT.
ENTRY AND QUALITY SIGNALLING WHEN ONLY SOME CONSUMERS ARE INFORMED OF THE ENTRANT'S QUALITY
Authors: Wu Fulan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on competition between an incumbent and an entrant when only the entrant's quality is unknown to (some) consumers. The incumbent may or may not know the entrant's quality. The model reveals a separating equilibrium where the entrant's high price signals its high quality when the proportion of informed consumers is at some intermediate value. The case in which the incumbent knows the entrant's quality generates two additional equilibria. When the proportion of informed consumers is large enough, firms choose their prices as in the complete information case. The entrant's high price in combination with the incumbent's low price signals the entrant's high quality. When the proportion of informed consumers is at some intermediate value, the incumbent's high price signals the entrant's low quality, while its low price signals the entrant's high quality. Interestingly, we find that entry may be facilitated with informational product differentiation.
Complex Deregulation and Expression of Cytokines and Mediators of the Immune Response in Parkinson's Disease Brain is Region Dependent
Authors: Garcia‐Esparcia Paula , Llorens Franc , Carmona Margarita , Ferrer Isidre 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNeuroinflammation is common in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Expression of 25 mRNAs was assessed with TaqMan‐PCR including members of the complement system, colony stimulating factors, Toll family, cytokines IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐6ST, IL‐1B, TNF‐α family, IL‐10, TGFβ family, cathepsins and integrin family, in the substantia nigra pars compacta, putamen, frontal cortex area 8 and angular gyrus area 39, in a total of 43 controls and 56 cases with PD‐related pathology covering stages 1–6 of Braak. Up‐regulation of IL‐6ST was the only change in the substantia nigra at stages 1–2. Down‐regulation of the majority of members examined occurred in the substantia nigra from stage 4 onwards. However, region‐dependent down‐ and up‐regulation of selected mRNAs occurred in the putamen and frontal cortex, whereas only mRNA up‐regulated mRNAs were identified in the angular cortex from stage 3 onwards in PD cases. Protein studies in frontal cortex revealed increased IL6 expression and reduced IL‐10 with ELISA, and increased IL‐6 with western blotting in PD. Immunohistochemistry revealed localization of IL‐5, IL‐6 and IL‐17 receptors in glial cells, mainly microglia; IL‐5, IL‐10 and M‐CSF in neurons; TNF‐α in neurons and microglia; and active NF‐κB in the nucleus of subpopulations of neurons and glial cells in PD. Distinct inflammatory responses, involving pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and variegated mediators of the immune response occur in different brain regions at the same time in particular individuals. Available information shows that altered α‐synuclein solubility and aggregation, Lewy body formation, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation converge in the pathogenesis of PD.
The cytogenetic architecture of the aphid genome
Authors: Manicardi Gian Carlo , Mandrioli Mauro , Blackman Roger L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years aphids, with their well‐defined polyphenism, have become favoured as model organisms for the study of epigenetic processes. The availability of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome sequence has engendered much research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which the phenotypic plasticity of aphids is inherited and controlled. Yet so far this research effort has paid little attention to the cytogenetic processes that play a vital part in the organisation, expression and inheritance of the aphid genome. Aphids have holocentric chromosomes, which have very different properties from the chromosomes with localised centromeres that are found in most other organisms. Here we review the diverse forms of aphid chromosome behaviour that occur during sex determination and male and female meiosis, often in response to environmental changes and mediated by endocrine factors. Remarkable differences occur, even between related species, that could have significant effects on the inheritance of all or parts of the genome. In relation to this, we review the particular features of the distribution of heterochromatin, rDNA genes and other repetitive DNA in aphid chromosomes, and discuss the part that these may play in the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure and function.
Markers of innate immune activity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of the anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 on inflammatory activity
Authors: Brauner H , Lüthje P , Grünler J , Ekberg N R , Dallner G , Brismar K , Brauner A 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Major long-term complications in patients with diabetes are related to oxidative stress, caused by the hyperglycaemia characteristic for diabetes mellitus. The anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has therefore been proposed as a beneficial supplement to diabetes treatment. Apart from its anti-oxidative function, CoQ10 appears to modulate immune functions by largely unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of CoQ10 on antimicrobial peptides and natural killer (NK) cells, both innate immune components implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetes-associated long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease. We determined serum levels of antimicrobial peptides and the phenotype of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and from healthy controls. In addition, the same parameters were determined in diabetic patients after a 12-week period of CoQ10 supplementation. Two antimicrobial peptides, the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and the human beta defensin 1 (hBD1), were reduced in serum from patients with T1DM. This defect was not reversible by CoQ10 supplementation. In contrast, CoQ10 reduced the levels of circulating hBD2 in these patients and induced changes in subset distribution and activation markers in peripheral NK cells. The results of the present study open up novel approaches in the prevention of long-term complications associated to T1DM, although further investigations are needed.
Skeletal site‐specific response to ovariectomy in a rat model: change in bone density and microarchitecture
Authors: Liu Xi Ling , Li Chun Lei , Lu Weijia William , Cai Wei Xin , Zheng Li Wu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesOvariectomized (OVX) rat model has been widely used in osteoporosis‐related studies. However, the discrepancies in age and skeletal sites being investigated make it difficult to compare the results from different studies. The purpose of this study was to provide information of systemic skeletal site‐specific changes in a stable OVX rat model.Material and methodsThirty‐three 6‐month Spraque‐Dawley female rats were used. Fifteen rats underwent ovariectomy, and fifteen received sham surgery. Three animals without any surgery were sacrificed at week 0 to serve as baseline. Three animals in the OVX and sham group, respectively, were euthanized at week 2, 4, 12, 24 and 36 post‐surgery. Ten bone sites, including parietal bone, interparietal bone, maxilla, mandible, humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, lumber vertebra, and ilium, were subjected to micro‐CT.ResultsOverall, long bones, lumber vertebra, and ilium showed similar trend of bone loss post‐OVX, with tibia and femur suffered the most bone loss and spine the least (decreased by 75.0%, 70.4% and 36.6% in bone mineral density BMD at week 36 from base line, respectively). Upon OVX, jaw bones and cranial bones only showed a minor reduction in BMD (decreased by 1~3% from baseline) at week 36. Significant deterioration of trabecular structure was detected in long bones, lumber vertebra, and ilium post‐OVX, while jaw bones remained relatively stable.ConclusionsThis study for the first time assessed the systemic site‐specific bone loss and microarchitecture changes in OVX rat model. It provided valuable information for selecting bone site and observation time in osteoporosis‐related study.