bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational Interviewing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sanders Kathryn A. , Whited Amanda , Martino Steve 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSuccessful management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) typically involves consideration of several lifestyle changes and treatments that could improve patients’ health outcomes. The complexity of behavioral changes and treatment decisions that must be made by patients, with the support of their treatment team, could diminish their motivation to address CKD and lead to poorer treatment outcomes. Hence, motivational enhancement, in the context of patient education and shared decision‐making with the treatment team, is a critical issue in CKD patient care. This article describes how motivational interviewing can be used with patients to enhance their motivation to address CKD and participate in treatment.
The significance of Chara vegetation in the precipitation of lacustrine calcium carbonate
Authors: Pełechaty Mariusz , Pukacz Andrzej , Apolinarska Karina , Pełechata Aleksandra , Siepak Marcin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA significant portion of calcium carbonate is deposited in lake sediments as a result of biological processes related to the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in the pelagic realm and, in addition, macrophytes in the littoral zone. Lake Wigry, one of the largest lakes in Poland (north‐east Poland), is characterized by: (i) carbonate sediments with a CaCO3 content exceeding 80% within the littoral zone; and (ii) large areas of submerged vegetation dominated by charophytes (macroscopic green algae, Characeae family). It is claimed that charophytes are highly effective in utilizing HCO3− and forming thick CaCO3 encrustations. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the CaCO3 production by dense Chara stands overgrowing the lake bottom reaching a depth of 4 m. In late July 2009, the fresh and dry mass of plants, the percentage contribution of calcium carbonate and the production of CaCO3 per 1 m2 were investigated along three transects at three depths (1 m, 2 m and 3 m, with each sample area equal to 0·0625 m2) per transect. The composition and structure of phytoplankton and the physico‐chemical properties of the water analysed in both the littoral and pelagic zones served as the environmental background and demonstrated moderately low fertility in the lake. The greatest dry plant mass exceeded 1000 g m−2 and CaCO3 encrustations constituted from 59% to over 76% of the charophyte dry weight. Thus, the maximum and average values of carbonates precipitated by charophytes were 685·5 and 438 g m−2, respectively, which exceeded previously reported results. A correlation of carbonate production with the depth of Chara stands was detected, and intermediate depths offered the most favourable conditions for carbonate precipitation (589 g m−2 on average). As precipitated carbonates are ultimately stored in bottom deposits, the results highlight the significance of charophytes in lacustrine CaCO3 sedimentation.
Comparison of concurrent imaging modalities for staging of dogs with appendicular primary bone tumours
Authors: Oblak M. L. , Boston S. E. , Woods J. P. , Nykamp S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study assessed the use of whole body computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of metastasis in dogs with primary appendicular bone tumours compared to long bone survey radiography, bone scintigraphy and thoracic radiographs. Fifteen dogs were included in this pilot study. A construct reference standard was used for detection of bone metastasis, and negative thoracic radiographs were compared againstCT. Definitive lesions were only identified on bone scintigraphy. Not all lesions agreed with the construct reference standard. No definitive lesions were identified on survey radiographs orCT. Lesions were identified on thoracicCTthat were not visible radiographically. Equivocal ground glass pulmonary lesions progressed in three of four cases. Whole bodyCTwas not a suitable alternative to bone scintigraphy; however, it was useful as an adjunctive diagnostic modality. Pulmonary lesions were visible onCTthat were not seen radiographically and ground glass pulmonary lesions in dogs should be considered suspicious for metastasis.
Reference Ranges for Lymphocyte Subsets among Healthy Hong Kong Chinese Adults by Single-Platform Flow Cytometry
Authors: Wong W. S. , Lo A. W. I. , Siu L. P. , Leung J. N. S. , Tu S. P. , Tai S. W. , Lam S. C. , Wong K. F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Race, age, sex, and environmental conditions have significant impacts on lymphocyte subset values. It is important to establish the local reference ranges from healthy and non-HIV-positive adults in the local population for clinical decision making. In this study, the reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets among Chinese adults were established by analysis by single-platform flow cytometry of the lymphocyte compositions of 273 healthy adult blood donors between 17 and 59 years of age. The 95% reference ranges for CD3
+
T cells, CD3
+
CD4
+
T helper cells, and CD3
+
CD8
+
T suppressor cells are 723 to 2,271 cells/μl, 396 to 1,309 cells/μl, and 224 to 1,014 cells/μl, respectively. The 95% reference ranges for CD19
+
B cells and CD56
+
NK cells are 118 to 645 cells/μl and 61 to 607 cells/μl, respectively. Significant gender and age differences in the lymphocyte subsets have been demonstrated. Our results have also shown that the T-lymphocyte compositions in Hong Kong Chinese were comparable to those of other Asian populations but were different from those of Caucasians.
Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain Chol1, a Model Organism for the Degradation of Bile Salts and Other Steroid Compounds
Authors: Holert Johannes , Alam Intikhab , Larsen Michael , Antunes André , Bajic Vladimir B. , Stingl Ulrich , Philipp Bodo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacterial degradation of steroid compounds is of high ecological and biotechnological relevance.
Pseudomonas
sp. strain Chol1 is a model organism for studying the degradation of the steroid compound cholate. Its draft genome sequence is presented and reveals one gene cluster responsible for the metabolism of steroid compounds.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup B Isolates with Novel Recombination Sites
Authors: Stewart H. , Jarrett O. , Hosie M. J. , Willett B. J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

It is generally accepted that all primary isolates of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) contain a subgroup A virus (FeLV-A) that is essential for transmission. In contrast, FeLV-B is thought to arise
de novo
in the infected animal through RNA recombination events with endogenous FeLV transcripts, presumably through copackaging of RNA from endogenous FeLV and exogenous FeLV-A. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two novel strains of FeLV-B (FeLV-2518 and FeLV-4314) that were isolated in the absence of FeLV-A. The
env
genes of these isolates have been characterized previously, and the 3′ recombination sites have been identified. We describe herein the 5′ recombination breakpoints of each virus. These breakpoints were found to be within the signal peptide of the
env
gene and the reverse transcriptase-coding region, respectively. This is the first report of a recombination site within the
pol
gene of an FeLV-B genome and the first genetic characterization of multiple independently arising FeLV-B isolates that have been identified without a functional FeLV-A ancestral virus.
First Genome Sequence of a Syntrophic Acetate-Oxidizing Bacterium,
Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans
Strain Re1
Authors: Manzoor Shahid , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Schnürer Anna , Müller Bettina 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria (SAOB) have been identified as key organisms for efficient biogas production from protein-rich materials.
Tepidanaerobacter acetatoxydans
is the first reported SAOB for which the genome has been sequenced. Genome analysis will aid us in understanding the mechanisms regulating syntrophy, particularly energy-conserving and electron transfer mechanisms.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Street Rabies Virus Isolated from a Dog in Nigeria
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhou Zutao , Kia Grace S. N. , Gnanadurai Clement W. , Leyson Christina M. , Umoh Jarlath U. , Kwaga Jacob P. , Kazeem Haruna M. , Fu Zhen F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
A canine rabies virus (RABV) was isolated from a trade dog in Nigeria. Its entire genome was sequenced and found to be closely related to canine RABVs circulating in Africa. Sequence comparison indicates that the virus is closely related to the Africa 2 RABV lineage. The virus is now termed DRV-NG11.
Use of the Rapid BinaxNOW Malaria Test in a 24-Hour Laboratory Associated with Accurate Detection and Decreased Malaria Testing Turnaround Times in a Pediatric Setting Where Malaria Is Not Endemic
Authors: Ota-Sullivan K. , Blecker-Shelly D. L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The impact of implementing the BinaxNow malaria test was evaluated. From 288 tests, 34 malaria cases were detected. Laboratory turnaround time decreased from 9.8 to 1.7 h for report of any
Plasmodium
spp., 10.2 to 1.6 h for
P. falciparum
, and 8.6 to 1.1 h for any result.
Intracellular Transport of the Measles Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complex Is Mediated by Rab11A-Positive Recycling Endosomes and Drives Virus Release from the Apical Membrane of Polarized Epithelial Cells
Authors: Nakatsu Yuichiro , Ma Xuemin , Seki Fumio , Suzuki Tadaki , Iwasaki Masaharu , Yanagi Yusuke , Komase Katsuhiro , Takeda Makoto 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Many viruses use the host trafficking system at a variety of their replication steps. Measles virus (MV) possesses a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome that encodes three components of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex (N, P, and L), two surface glycoproteins, a matrix protein, and two nonstructural proteins. A subset of immune cells and polarized epithelial cells are
in vivo
targets of MV, and MV is selectively released from the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms for the apical release of MV remain largely unknown. In the present study, the localization and trafficking mechanisms of the RNP complex of MV were analyzed in detail using recombinant MVs expressing fluorescent protein-tagged L proteins. Live cell imaging analyses demonstrated that the MV RNP complex was transported in a manner dependent on the microtubule network and together with Rab11A-containing recycling endosomes. The RNP complex was accumulated at the apical membrane and the apical recycling compartment. The accumulation and shedding of infectious virions were severely impaired by expression of a dominant negative form of Rab11A. On the other hand, recycling endosome-mediated RNP transport was totally dispensable for virus production in nonpolarized cells. These data provide the first demonstration of the regulated intracellular trafficking events of the MV RNP complex that define the directional viral release from polarized epithelial cells.
No Viral Evolution in the Lymph Nodes of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques during Combined Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Oue Megu , Sakabe Saori , Horiike Mariko , Yasui Mika , Miura Tomoyuki , Igarashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

To elucidate the mode of viral persistence in primate lentivirus-infected individuals during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), four simian immunodeficiency virus 239-infected monkeys were treated with cART for 1 year. The viral
env
genes prepared from total RNA extracted from the mesenteric lymph nodes collected at the completion of therapy were assessed by single genome amplification. Analyses of nucleotide substitutions and phylogeny revealed no viral evolution during cART.
A Case-Crossover Analysis of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Air Pollution
Authors: Ensor Katherine B. , Raun Loren H. , Persse David 
Published: February 2013

Background—
Evidence of an association between the exposure to air pollution and overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increasingly found in the literature. However, results from studies of the association between acute air pollution exposure and risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are inconsistent for fine particulate matter, and, although pathophysiological evidence indicates a plausible link between OHCA and ozone, none has been reported. Approximately 300 000 persons in the United States experience an OHCA each year, of which >90% die. Understanding the association provides important information to protect public health.

Methods and Results—

The association between OHCA and air pollution concentrations hours and days before onset was assessed by using a time-stratified case-crossover design using 11 677 emergency medical service–logged OHCA events between 2004 and 2011 in Houston, Texas. Air pollution concentrations were obtained from an extensive area monitor network. An average increase of 6 µg/m
3
in fine particulate matter 2 days before onset was associated with an increased risk of OHCA (1.046; 95% confidence interval, 1.012–1.082). A 20-ppb ozone increase for the 8-hour average daily maximum was associated with an increased risk of OHCA on the day of the event (1.039; 95% confidence interval, 1.005–1.073). Each 20-ppb increase in ozone in the previous 1 to 3 hours was associated with an increased risk of OHCA (1.044; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.085). Relative risk estimates were higher for men, blacks, or those aged >65 years.

Conclusions—
The findings confirm the link between OHCA and fine particulate matter and introduce evidence of a similar link with ozone.
The Flesh Cannot See the Word: ‘Nestorianising’ Chalcedonians in the Seventh to Ninth Centuries AD
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Towards the end of the eighth century the Nestorian Patriarch Timothy convened a council, which condemned several mystics for having held the belief that Christ’s humanity could see his divinity. This article draws attention to a Chalcedonian sermon on the Annunciation whose author shared Patriarch Timothy’s views. Through comparison with the Questions and Answers of Pseudo-Athanasius and with Theodore of Stoudios’ sermon on the Angels it shows that the author of the sermon on the Annunciation participated in a wider Chalcedonian debate about the ability of human beings to see God and the equally invisible angels and souls. Having presented the evidence it makes the case that as regards this topic the Eastern Christian religious discourse had not yet fragmented along sectarian and political boundaries and that throughout the East Christians were experiencing the same anxieties and responding to them in remarkably similar ways.
Likely Ranges of Climate Change in Bolivia
Authors: Seiler Christian , Hutjes Ronald W. A. , Kabat Pavel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBolivia is facing numerous climate-related threats, ranging from water scarcity due to rapidly retreating glaciers in the Andes to a partial loss of the Amazon forest in the lowlands. To assess what changes in climate may be expected in the future, 35 global circulation models (GCMs) from the third and fifth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3/5) were analyzed for the Bolivian case. GCMs were validated against observed surface air temperature, precipitation, and incoming shortwave (SW) radiation for the period 1961–90. Weighted ensembles were developed, and climate change projections for five emission scenarios were assessed for 2070–99. GCMs revealed an overall cold, wet, and positive-SW-radiation bias and showed no substantial improvement from the CMIP3 to the CMIP5 ensemble for the Bolivian case. Models projected an increase in temperature (2.5°–5.9°C) and SW radiation (1%–5%), with seasonal and regional differences. In the lowlands, changes in annual rainfall remained uncertain for CMIP3 whereas CMIP5 GCMs were more inclined to project decreases (−9%). This pattern also applied to most of the Amazon basin, suggesting a higher risk of partial biomass loss for the CMIP5 ensemble. Both ensembles agreed on less rainfall (−19%) during drier months (June–August and September–November), with significant changes in interannual rainfall variability, but disagreed on changes during wetter months (January–March). In the Andes, CMIP3 GCMs tended toward less rainfall (−9%) whereas CMIP5 tended toward more (+20%) rainfall during parts of the wet season. The findings presented here may provide inputs for studies of climate change impact that assess how resilient human and natural systems are under different climate change scenarios.
A Comparison of in Situ, Reanalysis, and Satellite Water Budgets over the Upper Colorado River Basin
Authors: Smith Rebecca A. , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing in situ, reanalysis, and satellite-derived datasets, surface and atmospheric water budgets of the Upper Colorado River basin are analyzed. All datasets capture the seasonal cycle for each water budget component. For precipitation, all products capture the interannual variability, though reanalyses tend to overestimate in situ while satellite-derived precipitation underestimates. Most products capture the interannual variability of evapotranspiration (ET), though magnitudes differ among the products. Variability and magnitude among storage volume change products widely vary. With regards to the surface water budget, the strongest connections exist among precipitation, ET, and soil moisture, while snow water equivalent (SWE) is best correlated with runoff. Using in situ precipitation estimates, the Max Planck Institute (MPI) ET estimates, and accumulated runoff, changes in storage are calculated and compare well with estimated changes in storage calculated using SWE, reservoir, and the Climate Prediction Center’s soil moisture. Using in situ precipitation estimates, MPI ET estimates, and atmospheric divergence estimates from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) results in a long-term atmospheric storage change estimate of −73 mm. Long-term surface storage estimates combined with long-term runoff come close to balancing with long-term atmospheric convergence from ERA-Interim. Increasing the MPI ET by 5% leads to a better balance between surface storage changes, runoff, and atmospheric convergence. It also brings long-term atmospheric storage changes to a better balance at +13 mm.
Combined NK1 antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition: effects on emotional processing in humans
Authors: Harmer Catherine J , Dawson Gerry R , Dourish Colin T , Favaron Elisa , Parsons Elizabeth , Fiore Monica , Zucchetto Mauro , Bifone Angelo , Poggesi Italo , Fernandes Sofia , Alexander Robert C , Goodwin Guy M 
Published: February 2013

Background: Synergistic effects of NK1 receptor antagonism combined with serotonin reuptake inhibition have been reported in preclinical models. GSK424887 is a selective competitive antagonist of the human NK1 receptor and inhibitor of the serotonin transporter. However, its actions in human models of depression have not been assessed. Methods: This study explored the effects of acute administration of GSK424887 compared to placebo in healthy male volunteers. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram was used as a positive control. A battery of emotional processing tasks was given at the peak time of drug effect. Results: GSK424887 enhanced attentional vigilance in the dot-probe task to both positive and negative stimuli. By contrast, citalopram enhanced perception of angry, sad and happy facial expressions and increased positive bias in the facial expression recognition task. Neither drug significantly affected emotion potentiated startle responses or emotional memory. Conclusions: These results suggest that acute administration of GSK424887 modulated some aspects of emotional processing but these effects were not similar to those seen previously with antidepressant agents. This was the first use of the battery of emotional processing tasks in a Phase 1 study. Repeated administration of the test and active control drugs may be needed to reliably characterise their effects.
Protective role of L-carnitine and vitamin E on the testis of atherosclerotic rats
Authors: Salama Afrah F , Kasem Safwat M , Tousson Ehab , Elsisy Mohammed KH 
Published: February 2013

Atherosclerosis is a condition caused by lipid build-up and inflammation in the arteries, so hyperlipidemia is the major reason for atherosclerosis. Testis was found to be negatively affected by hyperlipidemia which leads to its impaired functions. Vitamin E and l-carnitine have well-known lipid-lowering and antioxidative activities. Triton WR 1339 is a non-ionic detergent, which induces severe hyperlipidemia by inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. The present study evaluates the protective role of vitamin E and l-carnitine on the testis in atherosclerosis and detects the most effective choice for protection against atherosclerosis; vitamin E, l-carnitine or a combination of both. A total of 80 albino male rats were divided into eight groups (10 rats for each group): control (G1), triton (G2), l-carnitine (G3), triton + l-carnitine (G4), vitamin E (G5), triton + vitamin E (G6), l-carnitine + vitamin E (G7) and triton + l-carnitine + vitamin E (G8). Data showed a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 β HSD), testicular catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA) in G2 when compared with G1, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum testosterone, testicular 17 ketosteroid reductase (17 KSR), total thiol and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) data showed a significant decrease in G2 when compared with G1. Treatment with l-carnitine or/and vitamin E helps in improving the adverse effect of triton; also the histological changes confirm this finding. So the present study recommends all people to include l-carnitine and vitamin E in their diet to be protected against atherosclerosis.
Evaluation of diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity and protective effects of crocin
Authors: Lari Parisa , Abnous Khalil , Imenshahidi Mohsen , Rashedinia Marzieh , Razavi Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: February 2013

Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used insecticides in agricultural pest control. Previous studies have shown that DZN may induce hepatotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis pathways are involved in the toxicity of DZN. Crocin, a constituent of saffron, has hepatoprotective effects due to its antioxidant activity. In this study, we examined the effects of subacute DZN exposure and ameliorating effect of crocin on lipid peroxidation and pathological changes in rat liver. Moreover, protein levels of activated and total caspases-3 and -9 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were measured. Five groups of rats were used in the experiment. Corn oil (control), DZN (15 mg/kg per day, orally) and crocin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally in combination with DZN) were given to male Wistar rats ( n = 6) for 4 weeks. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in DZN group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). MDA level decreased significantly in the group that received DZN plus 25 mg crocin ( p < 0.001). No gross or histological evidence of treatment-related damage to the liver after oral exposure to DZN was observed. DZN also induced apoptosis through activation of caspases-9 and -3 and increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Crocin attenuated the activation of caspases and reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It is concluded that subacute exposure to DZN induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and crocin may reduce DZN-induced hepatotoxicity.