bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody‐mediated glomerulonephritis combined with non‐fulminant acute viral hepatitis A
Authors: Kim Min‐Kyung , Oh Hoon‐Kyu , Lee In‐Hee , Ahn Ki‐Sung , Park Kwan‐Kyu 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAnti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody‐mediated glomerulonephritis (anti‐GBM Ab‐mediated GN) is a rare autoimmune disease, characterized by crescentic glomeruli and linear GBM staining with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Exposure to viruses can trigger the formation of autoantibodies to the GBM. We report the first case of anti‐GBM Ab‐mediated GN associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Although the pathogenesis of HAV‐related anti‐GBM Ab‐mediated GN has not been documented, we suggest that the immune complexes produced by HAV infection might be deposited in the glomerular capillary walls and lead to immune complex‐mediated glomerular damage, resulting in exposure of the sequestered GBM antigens and the formation of anti‐GBM antibodies. Under immunosuppressive and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy, his renal function has been improving without development of pulmonary symptoms.
ALKBH2, a novel AlkB homologue, contributes to human bladder cancer progression by regulating MUC1 expression
Authors: Fujii Tomomi , Shimada Keiji , Anai Satoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Konishi Noboru 
Published: December 2012

The ALKBH family of proteins are highly expressed in various types of human cancer where they are involved in tumor growth and progression. However, multiple isoforms of ALKBH exist and the effect of individual isoforms on the development of urinary bladder cancer is unknown, particularly the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression from a noninvasive to invasive phenotype. We examined the role and function of ALKBH2 in human bladder cancer development in vitro and provide the first report that suppression of ALKBH2 in a human urothelial carcinoma cell line, KU7, reduces the expression of the transmembrane mucin protein, MUC1, and induces G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, reduction of ALKBH2 suppressed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via increasing E‐cadherin and decreasing vimentin expression. Transfection of MUC1 siRNA inhibited cell proliferation and EMT to the same extent as ALKBH2 gene silencing in vitro. ALKBH2 knockdown significantly suppressed MUC1 expression and tumor volume of bladder cancers in vivo as assessed in an orthotopic mouse model using ALKBH2 shRNA transfected KU7 cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed high expression levels of ALKBH2 in human urothelial carcinoma samples, especially in high‐grade, superficially and deeply invasive carcinomas (pT(1) and >pT(2)), and in carcinoma in situ but not in normal urothelium. This study demonstrates that ALKBH2 is an upstream molecule of the oncoprotein, MUC1, and regulates cell cycle and EMT, resulting in progression of urothelial carcinomas.
Optimization of Antimalarial Activity of Synthetic Prodiginines: QSAR, GUSAR, and CoMFA analyses
Authors: Masand Vijay H. , Mahajan Devidas T. , Patil Komalsing N. , Hadda Taibi B. , Youssoufi Moulay H. , Jawarkar Rahul D. , Shibi Indira G. 
Published: December 2012

In the present study, we have carried out extensive General Unrestricted Structure–Activity Relationships, conventional 3D‐Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships, and CoMFA analyses of synthetic prodiginines displaying moderate to high activities against Plasmodium Falciperum. 2D and 3D descriptors, various statistical parameters viz. R2, R2adj, standard error, Y‐randomization, etc., were checked to build fruitful 3D‐Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships model. The best five parametric 3D‐Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships model is with R2 = 0.924 and R2pred = 0.901. CoMFA was performed to check the electrostatic and steric regions, which affect the activity. The CoMFA model is graphically inferred using contour plots, which provide insight into the structural requirements for increasing the activity of a compound. The General Unrestricted Structure–Activity Relationships model, with R2 = 0.940 and Q2 = 0.912, suggests that the presence of F on aromatic ring is good for activity. The analyses reveal that lipophilicity plays a crucial role in deciding the activity for these molecules.
Age Differences in the Impact of Employment on Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Monahan Kathryn C. , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2012

While research suggests that working more than 20 hr weekly is associated with greater antisocial behavior among middle‐ and upper‐class youth, some have argued that employment benefits at‐risk youth and leads to desistance from crime among youthful offenders. This study investigates the relation between hours worked, school attendance, and employment characteristics on antisocial behavior in a sample of approximately 1,300 juvenile offenders (ages 14–17 at baseline) tracked over 5 years. The combinations of high‐intensity employment and irregular school attendance, unemployment and irregular school attendance, and unemployment and not being enrolled in school are associated with significantly greater antisocial behavior, particularly during early adolescence. High‐intensity employment diminishes antisocial behavior only when accompanied by attending school.
Serum FGF21 concentration is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and pericardial fat accumulation, independently of obesity, but not with current coronary artery status
Authors: Lee Yenna , Lim Soo , Hong Eun‐Shil , Kim Jung Hee , Moon Min Kyung , Chun Eun Ju , Choi Sang Il , Kim Young‐Bum , Park Young Joo , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak C. , Choi Sung Hee 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjectiveFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an emerging metabolic regulator associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. However, previous studies of FGF21 have been largely confounded by obesity, and data are limited for advanced outcomes such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and ectopic fat accumulation. We investigated the associations between serum FGF21 concentrations and glucose/lipid metabolism, CAD, and pericardial fat deposition in subjects strictly matched for obesity parameters.Design, Patients and MeasurementsWe enrolled 189 patients who had undergone cardiac multidetector coronary computed tomography. We measured cardiometabolic parameters and serum FGF21 levels within body mass index (BMI)‐matched groups. Correlations and linear regressions were analysed among serum FGF21 levels, pericardial fat volumes and cardiometabolic parameters. Serum FGF21 concentrations were compared in patients with and without diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS) or CAD.ResultsSerum FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in BMI‐matched patients with MS (107·2 ± 83·6 vs 82·1 ± 67·4 ng/l without MS, P < 0·05), but not among those with diabetes (84·3 ± 56·4 vs 96·3 ± 98·9 ng/l without diabetes, P = 0·300) or CAD (89·6 ± 65·8 vs 84·2 ± 83·1 ng/l without CAD, P = 0·633). Serum FGF21 concentrations correlated positively with triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, insulin, HOMA‐IR and pericardial fat volume. They showed an independent association with pericardial fat volume (β = 0·111 ± 0·053, P < 0·05).ConclusionsSerum FGF21 concentrations were significantly associated with lipid profiles, insulin resistance, pericardial fat volume and MS, independently of obesity, but not with overt CAD or diabetes.
Efficacy of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and cholangitis after repeated clearance of common bile duct stones: Experience from a Chinese center
Authors: Yang Jun , Peng Jia‐yuan , Pang Er‐jun , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether it is reasonable to insert an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube in patients with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and repeated clearance of common bile duct (CBD) stones.Patients and methodsPatients with choledocholithiasis who underwent EST and CBD stone clearance at our center from January 2010 to May 2012 were reviewed. The following parameters were evaluated: (i) serum amylase 2 and 24 h after ERCP; (ii) incidence of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)‐related pancreatitis and cholangitis; (iii) time elapsed to normalization of total serum bilirubin levels for those with jaundice before ERCP; and (iv) length of hospital stay.ResultsCompared with the no‐ENBD group, the ENBD group presented a significantly lower postoperative serum amylase of 2 and 24 h (81.3 ± 31.8 U/L vs 90.8 ± 31.2 U/L, 107.0 ± 51.1 U/Lvs 132.3 ± 100.8 U/L, respectively). The incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis and cholangitis was also lower in the ENBD group, although the differences were not significant (1% vs 4.4%, 0 vs 4.5%, respectively). Time elapsed to normalization of total serum bilirubin levels and length of hospital stay was shorter in the ENBD group (4.3 days ± 0.6 days vs 4.5 days ± 0.7 days, P > 0.05; 4.8 days ± 2.1 days vs 6.3 days ± 2.8 days, respectively, P < 0.01).ConclusionsENBD significantly reduces the incidence of hyperamylasemia and decreases the length of hospital stay in patients with EST and repeated stone extraction. ENBD should be considered for patients with large or multiple CBD stones.
Pluripotent genes in avian stem cells
Authors: Jean Christian , Aubel Pauline , Soleihavoup Clément , Bouhallier Frantz , Voisin Sophie , Lavial Fabrice , Pain Bertrand 
Published: December 2012

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first isolated in 1981 in the mouse from the in vitro proliferation of the inner cell mass of a 3.5 days post‐coitum (dpc) blastocyst. Later on, epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) were identified from in vitro culture of the epiblast of a 6.5 dpc mouse embryo, leading to the concept of naïve and primed stem cells. Among non‐mammalian species, ES cells have been characterized both in birds and fish; here, we focus on cells derived from chicken and the pluripotent associated markers such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and KLF, previously identified in mammalian cells. In this review, we present both published and original data regarding the involvement of those pluripotent associated genes in the ES cells and early embryo of chicken.
Altered locus coeruleus–norepinephrine function following single prolonged stress
Authors: George Sophie A. , Knox Dayan , Curtis Andre L. , Aldridge J. Wayne , Valentino Rita J. , Liberzon Israel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractData from preclinical and clinical studies have implicated the norepinephrine system in the development and maintenance of post‐traumatic stress disorder. The primary source of norepinephrine in the forebrain is the locus coeruleus (LC); however, LC activity cannot be directly measured in humans, and previous research has often relied upon peripheral measures of norepinephrine to infer changes in central LC–norepinephrine function. To directly assess LC–norepinephrine function, we measured single‐unit activity of LC neurons in a validated rat model of post‐traumatic stress disorder – single prolonged stress (SPS). We also examined tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels in the LC of SPS and control rats as an index of norepinephrine utilisation. For electrophysiological recordings, 92 LC neurons were identified from 19 rats (SPS, 12; control, 7), and spontaneous and evoked responses to a noxious event (paw compression) were recorded. Baseline and restraint stress‐evoked tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression levels were measured in SPS and control rats (n = 16 per group) in a separate experiment. SPS rats showed lower spontaneous activity but higher evoked responses, leading to an enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio of LC neurons, accompanied by impaired recovery from post‐stimulus inhibition. In concert, tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in the LC of SPS rats tended to be lower at baseline, but was exaggerated following restraint stress. These data demonstrate persistent changes in LC function following stress/trauma in a rat model of post‐traumatic stress, as measured by differences in both the electrophysiological properties of LC neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA transcription.
Contributions of long‐distance dispersal to population growth in colonisingPinus ponderosapopulations
Authors: Lesser Mark R. , Jackson Stephen T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLong‐distance dispersal is an integral part of plant species migration and population development. We aged and genotyped 1125 individuals in four disjunct populations ofPinus ponderosathat were initially established by long‐distance dispersal in the 16th and 17th centuries. Parentage analysis was used to determine if individuals were the product of local reproductive events (two parents present), long‐distance pollen dispersal (one parent present) or long‐distance seed dispersal (no parents present). All individuals established in the first century at each site were the result of long‐distance dispersal. Individuals reproduced at younger ages with increasing age of the overall population. These results suggest Allee effects, where populations were initially unable to expand on their own, and were dependent on long‐distance dispersal to overcome a minimum‐size threshold. Our results demonstrate that long‐distance dispersal was not only necessary for initial colonisation but also to sustain subsequent population growth during early phases of expansion.
Reconciling biodiversity and carbon conservation
Authors: Thomas Chris D , Anderson Barbara J , Moilanen Atte , Eigenbrod Felix , Heinemeyer Andreas , Quaife Tristan , Roy David B , Gillings Simon , Armsworth Paul R , Gaston Kevin J 
Published: December 2012

AbstractClimate change is leading to the development of land‐based mitigation and adaptation strategies that are likely to have substantial impacts on global biodiversity. Of these, approaches to maintain carbon within existing natural ecosystems could have particularly large benefits for biodiversity. However, the geographical distributions of terrestrial carbon stocks and biodiversity differ. Using conservation planning analyses for the New World and Britain, we conclude that a carbon‐only strategy would not be effective at conserving biodiversity, as have previous studies. Nonetheless, we find that a combined carbon‐biodiversity strategy could simultaneously protect 90% of carbon stocks (relative to a carbon‐only conservation strategy) and > 90% of the biodiversity (relative to a biodiversity‐only strategy) in both regions. This combined approach encapsulates the principle of complementarity, whereby locations that contain different sets of species are prioritised, and hence disproportionately safeguard localised species that are not protected effectively by carbon‐only strategies. It is efficient because localised species are concentrated into small parts of the terrestrial land surface, whereas carbon is somewhat more evenly distributed; and carbon stocks protected in one location are equivalent to those protected elsewhere. Efficient compromises can only be achieved when biodiversity and carbon are incorporated together within a spatial planning process.
Specific infections as the etiology of destructive periodontal disease: a systematic review
Authors: Hujoel Philippe , Zina Lívia , Cunha‐Cruz Joana , López Rodrigo 
Published: December 2012

Destructive periodontal disease has been primarily defined and investigated as an infectious disease. The aim of this study was to systematically search for cohort studies where microbiological diagnoses were performed before the onset of destructive periodontal disease and where statistically significant associations were identified. A search was executed in PubMed. The results showed that three studies published after 2005 supported the infection hypothesis for one putative periodontal pathogen: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These three studies were conducted in predominantly non‐Caucasian pediatric populations living in geographic areas with an elevated child‐mortality rate. These studies did not obtain physical or laboratory markers of health, making it possible that A. actinomycetemcomitans was not a cause but a marker for poor environmental or systemic health. No cohort studies were identified supporting the infection hypothesis in adults, Caucasians or in a population residing in areas with child‐mortality rates reflective of healthy population goals. While the possibility cannot be excluded that A. actinomycetemcomitans has an etiological role in certain specific pediatric populations, there are no cohort studies supporting an infectious etiology of destructive periodontal disease in adults.
Evolutionary impact assessment: accounting for evolutionary consequences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries management
Authors: Laugen Ane T , Engelhard Georg H , Whitlock Rebecca , Arlinghaus Robert , Dankel Dorothy J , Dunlop Erin S , Eikeset Anne M , Enberg Katja , Jørgensen Christian , Matsumura Shuichi , Nusslé Sébastien , Urbach Davnah , Baulier Loїc , Boukal David S , Ernande Bruno , Johnston Fiona D , Mollet Fabian , Pardoe Heidi , Therkildsen Nina O , Uusi‐Heikkilä Silva , Vainikka Anssi , Heino Mikko , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D , Dieckmann Ulf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractManaging fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life‐history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.
Broad‐scale movements and pelagic habitat of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus off Southern Australia determined using pop‐up satellite archival tags
Authors: Rogers Paul J. , Huveneers Charlie , Goldsworthy Simon D. , Mitchell James G. , Seuront Laurent 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigated the broad‐scale movements and pelagic habitats of large juvenile dusky sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus) off Southern Australia. Pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on three large juvenile dusky sharks (∼2.2–2.6 m total length) for 6 months in Spencer Gulf during 2010. Tagged dusky sharks all migrated westward and across the Great Australian Bight (GAB) during autumn to offshore shelf waters off Western Australia. Estimated minimum distances travelled ranged from 1760 to 2736 km. Depths occupied by tagged dusky sharks ranged from the surface to 355 m. The most common thermal ranges occupied were 19–22°C. Broad‐scale movements of large juvenile dusky sharks across the continental shelves combined with periods of residency in semi‐protected gulf waters indicated that a multi‐jurisdictional management approach may be appropriate for this species.
Impacts of climate change on the complex life cycles of fish
Authors: Petitgas Pierre , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Dickey‐Collas Mark , Engelhard Georg H. , Peck Myron A. , Pinnegar John K. , Drinkwater Ken , Huret Martin , Nash Richard D. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo anticipate the response of fish populations to climate change, we developed a framework that integrates requirements in all life stages to assess impacts across the entire life cycle. The framework was applied on plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the North Sea, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Norwegian/Barents Seas and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. In each case study, we reviewed habitats required by each life stage, habitat availability, and connectivity between habitats. We then explored how these could be altered by climate change. We documented environmental processes impacting habitat availability and connectivity, providing an integrated view at the population level and in a spatial context of potential climate impacts. A key result was that climate‐driven changes in larval dispersion seem to be the major unknown. Our summary suggested that species with specific habitat requirements for spawning (herring) or nursery grounds (plaice) display bottlenecks in their life cycle. Among the species examined, anchovy could cope best with environmental variability. Plaice was considered to be least resilient to climate‐driven changes due to its strict connectivity between spawning and nursery grounds. For plaice in the North Sea, habitat availability was expected to reduce with climate change. For North Sea herring, Norwegian cod and Biscay anchovy, climate‐driven changes were expected to have contrasting impacts depending on the life stage. Our review highlights the need to integrate physiological and behavioural processes across the life cycle to project the response of specific populations to climate change.
Phosphorus, phosphorous, and phosphate
Authors: Iheagwara O. Susan , Ing Todd S. , Kjellstrand Carl M. , Lew Susie Q. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article distinguishes the terms “phosphorus, phosphorous, and phosphate” which are frequently used interchangeably. We point out the difference between phosphorus and phosphate, with an emphasis on the unit of measure. Expressing a value without the proper name or unit of measure may lead to misunderstanding and erroneous conclusions. We indicate why phosphate must be expressed as milligrams per deciliter or millimoles per liter and not as milliequivalents per liter. Therefore, we elucidate the distinction among the terms “phosphorus, phosphorous, and phosphate” and the importance of saying precisely what one really means.