bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InstantLabs®E. coli O157 Food Safety Kit
Authors: Sharma Neil , Bambusch Lauren , Upadhyay Apala , Le Thu , Lopez Chris , Brahmanda Bharath 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The InstantLabs®E. coli O157 Food Safety Kit was validated against the International Organization for Standardizationreference method 16654 for the detection of Escherichia coli O157. The matrixes, raw ground beef, raw beef trim, Romaine lettuce, pasteurized apple juice, and raw ground chicken, were inoculated with appropriate CFU/test portion of E. coli O157 to generate fractional positives (5–15) in 20 inoculated samples. The matrixeswere co-inoculated with Salmonella at 2–5 times the level of E. coli O157 to demonstrate the potential for using the same enrichment culture for the detection of multiple organisms. Samples were enriched in prewarmed FASTGRO SE broth at 42 ± 1°C for 10–20 h. All samples were confirmed using the ISO reference method, regardless of initial screen result. The InstantLabs test method performed as well as or better than the reference method for the detection of E. coli O157 in all tested samples. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing revealed no false negatives and no false positives among the 50 E. coli O157 serovars and 30 non-E. coli O157 species examined. Finally, the method was shown to be robust when variations were applied to enrichment time, volume for DNA extraction, and heat block time.
Identification and Characterization of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth Using Liquid Chromatography–Accurate QToF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Sagi Satyanarayanaraju , Wang Yan-Hong , Wang Mei , Ali Zulfiqar , Smillie Troy J , Zweigenbaum Jerry , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Alkaloids have been reported to be the major physiologically active constituents in Mitragyna. An analytical method was developed to provide an alternative, fast method for characterization of alkaloids from various M. speciosa samples. The separation was achieved using an RP octylsilyl (C8) column, MS detection, and a water–acetonitrile with formic acid gradient as the mobile phase. Ultra-HPLC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS analysis and characterization were performed on 12 corynanthe-type indole/oxindole alkaloids obtainedfrom the leaves of M. speciosa Korth. The indoles and oxindoles had an open E ring withor without substitution occurring at the C9 position. The full single mass spectrum of alkaloids showed a strong signal for the protonated molecule [M+H]+. The product ion spectrum of mitragynine type of alkaloids showed strong response at m/z = 174.0901 suggestive of an ion containing an odd number of nitrogen atoms corresponding to formula C11H12NO, which is characteristic of indole alkaloids. A multivariate statistical analysis technique, principal component analysis, was used to show discrimination between the M. speciosa samples.The results indicated that the analytical method is suitable for QC testing of various Mitragyna commercial samples and can be used to evaluate market products purported to contain M.speciosa.
Measurement Uncertainty of Chromogenic LAL Assays: Reaction Time and Proportion of Endotoxin and LAL Reagent Affect Release of p-Nitroaniline
Authors: Ostronoff Celina Silva , Lourenço Felipe Rebello 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assays are widely used for detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins in pharmaceuticals and medical devices. However, there are only a few studies on the measurement uncertainty of LAL assays. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify the main sources of measurement uncertainty for end point and kinetic-chromogenic LAL assays. Response surface methodology was used to study how the release of p-nitroaniline (pNA)is affected by reaction time and proportion of endotoxin and LAL reagent in end point and kinetic-chromogenic LAL assays, respectively. Increased release ofpNA was observed when reaction time was increased. In addition, if different volumes of sample (or endotoxin standard) and LAL reagent are used, the pNA release rate will be affected. These results may be dueto the increased interaction between the bacterial endotoxin and LAL-activated enzyme. Final measurementuncertainties (95% confidence interval) were 90–120% and 90–127% of bacterial endotoxin content for end point and kinetic-chromogenic assays, respectively. These values are reasonable for the scope of the method and allow the application of thesemeasurement uncertainties in routine analysis of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
APLICAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA NO MONITORAMENTO DOS MANGUEZAIS: LITORAL SUL DE PERNAMBUCO – BRASIL
Authors: Vila Nova Fátima Verônica Pereira , Torres Maria Fernanda Abrantes , Coelho Mariana Pêssoa , Santana Neiva Marion Guimarães de 
Published: February 2015

Análises espaço temporais com a utilização de imagens de satélites e fotografias aéreas detectam prováveis alterações ocorridas em áreas com vegetação. O Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NVDI) fornece informações a partir de medidas espectrais para avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa de fatores diretamente relacionados com a cobertura vegetal, como biomassa e dinâmica entre solo e vegetação. Os sítios de sistemas ecológicos como manguezais, restingas, dunas e ilhas, podem ser avaliados e monitorados a partir das modificações na cobertura vegetal que funciona como um manto protetor dos recursos naturais, e por essa razão, sua distribuição e densidade definem o estado de conservação do ambiente. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a eficácia do NVDI como ferramenta de monitoramento dos manguezais dos estuários da Bacia do Pina, de Barra das Jangadas e de Ipojuca, no litoral sul de Pernambuco, Brasil, a fim de subsidiar estratégias de conservação. Com o uso do NDVI observou-se que as áreas colonizadas pelos mangues na Bacia do Pina, na imagem de 1989, foram substituídas pela área urbana e/ou solo exposto no imageamento de 1990 e 2010. A vegetação do manguezal remanescente adensou no mesmo período, indicando a resiliência típica do ecossistema. O fragmento tornou-se ligeiramente quadrado, o que pode potencializar o efeito de borda. Na Barra das Jangadas, o manguezal distribuído ao longo dos rios Pirapama e Jaboatão foi suprimido, principalmente nas margens e extensões próximas ao rio Jaboatão. Ressalta-se a diminuição de vegetação esparsa, principalmente nos períodos de 1989 e 1999, além do aumento do solo exposto e área urbana entre 1989 e 2010 e a recomposição da vegetação densa na última década na face interna do estuário. Constatou-se o mesmo processo de substituição da vegetação densa (mangues) pelas áreas urbanas e/ou solo exposto nos estuários do município de Ipojuca. As transformações no período analisado constituem a resposta espacial às mudanças econômicas que vêm ocorrendo na região e que têm colocado em risco o equilíbrio ambiental local. Assim, o uso do NDVI como ferramenta de monitoramento dos manguezais se mostrou eficaz pelo fato de permitir o acompanhamento de modificações estruturais nas áreas estudadas. Transformações que revelam aspectos importantes das condições ambientais, como o aumento da área urbana, a fragmentação dos remanescentes, a forma como esse se apresenta, informações úteis que podem subsidiar estratégias de conservação.
Comparação com a cartografia atual, ao nível da orografia, hidrografia, definição da costa e povoamento, de dois Mapas do Geografo Robert de Vaugondy relativos ao Reino de Portugal do Século XVIII (1751)
Authors: Neves dos Santos Marco Pais 
Published: February 2015

No artigo “Estudo de dois Mapas do Geografo Robert de Vaugondy relativos ao Reino de Portugal do Século XVIII (1751) ”, publicado na Revista Semina: Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Vol. 34, n.º 1, 2013, tentámos propor uma explicação para as divisões administrativas cartografadas, nesses mapas, através do estudo de várias obras do período em referência, e de obras conexas, e concluímos que o mais consentâneo com a lógica era representarem divisões eclesiásticas. Neste artigo, damos profundidade a esse trabalho através da comparação desses mapas com a cartografia atual, ao nível da orografia, hidrografia, definição da costa e povoamento. Apesar dos erros detetados, concluímos que o trabalho de Vaugondy, ao nível do conhecimento e representação da geografia de Portugal, é o melhor possível para a época, e reafirmamos a ideia de que estes dois mapas representam divisões eclesiásticas.
Symbols, Self-Interest and Labour Policy Attitudes: Evidence from Saskatchewan
Authors: Berdahl Loleen , White Stephen , McGrane David , Atkinson Michael M. 
Published: February 2015

Unions in many Canadian jurisdictions are facing policy changes that limit (or attempt to limit) their practices. Despite growing pressure on unions as governments restructure labour policies, there is scant research examining public attitudes towards either unions or labour policies. To what extent does the general public support or oppose these changes to labour policy? What factors drive public opinion about labour policy changes?This paper uses data from a telephone survey administered after the 2011 Saskatchewan provincial election to explore public attitudes towards labour policy change; specifically, we explore public opinion regarding Saskatchewan essential services legislation and accompanying changes to labour standards. We are particularly interested in the role that symbolic political factors (attitudes towards unions, NDP partisanship), as opposed to self-interest (union membership), play in structuring public opinion when it comes to labour policy. We find that union membership has no discernible impact on attitudes toward the essential services law; what matters much more is one’s attitude toward unions in general, as well as NDP partisanship. However, union membership does influence attitudes towards labour standards, as do attitudes towards unions and NDP partisanship.Taken together, the results tell us that labour policy attitudes are indeed driven by both self-interest and symbolic political factors. Further, while self-interest does help to explain attitudes towards labour policy, not all union members consider essential services legislation as a direct threat to themselves. The strategic implication for public sector unions is that they cannot necessarily rely on private sector workers and union members to be sympathetic to legislation that affects public sector workplaces. For the Canadian labour movement as a whole, this finding points towards a divergence in the interests of its private sector members and public sector members, and clear limits to worker solidarity.
Justice organisationnelle, reconnaissance au travail et motivation intrinsèque : résultats d’une étude empirique
Authors: Fall Amar 
Published: February 2015

Les questions de justice et d’équité dans le management demeurent une préoccupation majeure pour les salariés (Ambrose et Schminke, 2003). Pourtant, en gestion des ressources humaines, l’influence des perceptions de justice organisationnelle sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail, n’a suscité que très peu de recherches (Grenieret al., 2010). Cet article propose justement, d’analyser l’effet différencié des quatre dimensions de la justice organisationnelle sur cette forme de motivation au travail. Il propose aussi de mettre en évidence le rôle de la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques dans l’étude de la motivation intrinsèque, mais aussi d’analyser la relation entre la justice et la reconnaissance. Ainsi, le cadre théorique mobilisé dans cette recherche repose sur les apports de la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 1985), ceux de la théorie de la justice organisationnelle (Greenberg, 1987) et la littérature sur la reconnaissance (Brun et Dugas, 2002).Pour ce faire, un rappel des fondements théoriques permettant d’établir les liens existant entre ces variables a d’abord été réalisé, afin de montrer comment la justice organisationnelle et la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques peuvent favoriser la motivation intrinsèque au travail. Ensuite, des analyses de régressions multiples ont permis de présenter les résultats de l’étude empirique réalisée sur une population de 787 salariés venant de divers secteurs d’activités. Fondée ainsi uniquement sur une enquête par questionnaire, cette étude a permis d’analyser les liens qui pouvaient s’opérer entre ces trois concepts. Il s’avère que la perception de justice organisationnelle, notamment dans la distribution des ressources de l’organisation, dans les relations interpersonnelles et dans les informations communiquées, peut avoir une influence positive sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail. Cet impact de la justice organisationnelle sur la motivation intrinsèque au travail peut aussi être fortement renforcé par la reconnaissance de la part des supérieurs hiérarchiques.
Revisiting the Career Anchor Model: A Proposition and an Empirical Investigation of a New Model of Career Value Structure
Authors: Wils Thierry , Wils Laura , Tremblay Michel 
Published: February 2015

This study proposes an original model of career values organized in a circular logic. The new career value structure consists of four quadrants opposed in pairs (bureaucratic self-concept versus protean self-concept, and careerist self-concept versus social self-concept). Contrary to Schein’s model, which rests on the dominance of a single career anchor, our model organizes career anchors according to attraction and repulsion, which may explain the existence of several dominant anchors.
Based on a sample of 240 employees and 155 managers in the healthcare sector, a new instrument to measure career values was validated. Four quadrants emerged from the multidimensional analysis. Hypotheses regarding the links between quadrants of career values and career anchors were largely supported by multiple regression analysis. Notably, the managerial career anchor is significantly linked to the careerist self-concept, whereas the service anchor is significantly associated with the social self-concept. The study also affirmed hypotheses linking the quadrants to other variables like collectivism and proactive behaviors. Accordingly, collectivism is significantly linked to the social self-concept, whereas proactive behaviors are connected to the protean self-concept. Not only was the structure model verified empirically, but the construct validity of the new instrument was also demonstrated. This study also clarifies several problems related to career anchors, such as career anchor structures or ambiguity inherent in some career anchor measurement indicators.
Laboratory measurements of cryogenic liquid alkane microwave absorptivity and implications for the composition of Ligeia Mare, Titan
Authors: Mitchell Karl L. , Barmatz Martin B. , Jamieson Corey S. , Lorenz Ralph D. , Lunine Jonathan I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe complex dielectric constants of liquids methane and ethane were measured at 90 K and 14.1 GHz, close to the frequency of the Cassini RADAR. The liquid ethane loss tangent is far greater than that of liquid methane, facilitating discrimination by remote sensing. The results suggest a methane‐dominated composition for the northern sea, Ligeia Mare, on the basis of a recent loss tangent determination using Cassini RADAR altimetry. This contrasts a previous far higher loss tangent for the southern lake, Ontario Lacus, which is inconsistent with simple mixtures of methane and ethane. The apparent nonequilibrium methane‐to‐ethane ratio of Ligeia Mare can be explained by poor admixture of periodically cycled methane with a deeper ethane‐rich alkanofer system, consistent with obliquity‐driven volatile cycling, sequestration of ethane from the hydrocarbon cycle by incorporation into crustal clathrate hydrates, or periodic flushing of Ligeia Mare into adjacent Kraken Mare by fresh rainfall.
Long‐term explosive degassing and debris flow activity at West Mata submarine volcano
Authors: Dziak R. P. , Bohnenstiehl D. R. , Baker E. T , Matsumoto H. , Caplan‐Auerbach J. , Embley R. W. , Merle S. G. , Walker S. L. , Lau T.‐K. , Chadwick W. W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWest Mata is a 1200 m deep submarine volcano where explosive boninite eruptions were observed in 2009. The acoustic signatures from the volcano's summit eruptive vents Hades and Prometheus were recorded with an in situ (~25 m range) hydrophone during ROV dives in May 2009 and with local (~5 km range) moored hydrophones between December 2009 and August 2011. The sensors recorded low frequency (1–40 Hz), short duration explosions consistent with magma bubble bursts from Hades, and broadband, 1–5 min duration signals associated with episodes of fragmentation degassing from Prometheus. Long‐term eruptive degassing signals, recorded through May 2010, preceded a several month period of declining activity. Degassing episodes were not recorded acoustically after early 2011, although quieter effusive eruption activity may have continued. Synchronous optical measurements of turbidity made between December 2009 and April 2010 indicate that turbidity maxima resulted from occasional south flank slope failures triggered by the collapse of accumulated debris during eruption intervals.
Direct impacts of waves on tropical cold point tropopause temperature
Authors: Kim Ji‐Eun , Alexander M. Joan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCold point tropopause temperature is a key regulator of cirrus clouds and stratospheric water vapor, which have significant impacts on the Earth's radiation budget and climate. Using tropical radiosonde observations, we show that waves in the tropical tropopause layer lower cold point temperature by 1.6 K on average relative to the seasonal mean. Furthermore, wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer has not been constant over the last 2.5 decades, altering the magnitude of the wave impacts on cold point temperature at a decadal scale. The change in the direct wave impact is partially (~20–30%) responsible for the sudden decrease in cold point temperature and stratospheric water vapor at the end of 2000, which has not been fully explained by changes in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. We further show that these wave impacts are not well represented in reanalysis data.
On the stress dependence of the earthquake b value
Authors: Scholz Christopher H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLaboratory experiments have shown that the b value in the size distribution of acoustic emission events decreases linearly with differential stress. There have been a number of observations that indicate that this relation may also hold for earthquakes. Here using a simple frictional strength model for stresses in the continental lithosphere combined with earthquake b values measured as a function of depth in a wide variety of tectonic regions, we verify and calibrate that relation, finding b = 1.23 ± 0.06 − (0.0012 ± 0.0003)(σ1 − σ3), where the stress difference (σ1 − σ3) is in megapascal. For subduction zones, we find that b value correlates linearly with the slab pull force and with the net reduction of plate interface normal force, both of which also indicate a negative linear relation between b value and differential stress.
A P wave‐based, on‐site method for earthquake early warning
Authors: Colombelli S. , Caruso A. , Zollo A. , Festa G. , Kanamori H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new strategy for a P wave‐based, on‐site earthquake early warning system has been developed and tested on Japanese strong motion data. The key elements are the real‐time, continuous measurement of three peak amplitude parameters and their empirical combination to predict the ensuing peak ground velocity. The observed parameters are compared to threshold values and converted into a single, dimensionless variable. A local alert level is issued as soon as the empirical combination exceeds a given threshold. The performance of the method has been evaluated by applying the approach to the catalog of Japanese earthquake records and counting the relative percentage of successful, missed, and false alarms. We show that the joint use of three peak amplitude parameters improves the performance of the system as compared to the use of a single parameter, with a relative increase of successful alarms of about 35%. The proposed methodology provides a more reliable prediction of the expected ground shaking and improves the robustness of a single‐station, threshold‐based earthquake early warning system.
Observation of wake‐induced plasma waves around an ionospheric sounding rocket
Authors: Endo K. , Kumamoto A. , Katoh Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlasma waves generated around the plasma wake of a supersonically moving rocket are studied using data from an impedance probe and a wave receiver installed on the sounding rocket S‐520‐26. These instruments were used to measure the electron number density and plasma waves at 260 ms intervals, which allows four to five measurements per rotation. During the flight of the S‐520‐26, three types of plasma waves were observed: short‐wavelength electrostatic waves such as electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves, upper hybrid resonance mode waves, and whistler mode waves, assuming that the observed waves are produced in the near wake of the rocket. The wave generation mechanisms are discussed by calculating the linear growth rates of electrostatic waves; positive growth rates are obtained with the assumption of an anisotropic electron distribution function having a beam component or temperature anisotropy. We revealed the spatial distribution of the wave activity around the rocket and its relationship with the wake structure by analysis of the spin‐phase dependence of the waves and the observed electron number density. The spin‐phase dependence suggests that there are localized hot plasmas around the wake structure that can induce various types of plasma instability.
Mantle dynamics, isostasy, and the support of high terrain
Authors: Molnar Peter , England Philip C. , Jones Craig H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDynamic topography is commonly understood to be deflection of the Earth's surface that results from convection of the mantle. Because different authors use the words “dynamic topography” differently, topography designated as dynamic may amount to only a few hundred meters or may exceed 2000 m. For most regions, however, surface heights computed on the assumption that the lithospheric column is in isostatic equilibrium provide good approximations to observed topography. The small free‐air gravity anomalies and still smaller isostatic anomalies (<~30–50 mGal) associated with long‐wavelength topography suggest that deflections of the Earth's surface induced by flow‐induced normal tractions applied to the base of the lithosphere do not exceed ~300 m. Little evidence exists to show that such tractions support more than ~100 m of high terrain in regions like southern Africa, the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau of the USA, eastern Asia, or the Aegean‐Anatolian region, where some have argued for many hundreds to >2000 m of dynamic topography. Moreover, simple examples show that if flow‐induced stresses maintain a given density distribution, then the resultant surface deflections can be smaller than those that would exist in isostatic equilibrium. In light of confusion over the term “dynamic topography,” we offer readers simple tools that we hope will enable them to diagnose the component of topography that results from flow‐induced stresses and to distinguish it from topography that is compensated isostatically.