bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of compulsory treatment: the implications for recovery-orientated practice?
Authors: Ford Skye-Blue , Bowyer Terry , Morgan Phil 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper to contribute to discussions on improvements to acute mental health services by increasing the awareness of the experience of being compulsorily detained.

Design/methodology/approach
– A thematic analysis of a literature review was undertaken, exploring patients’ experiences of compulsory detention, and is presented here alongside a lived-experience commentary. This leads into a discussion of the implications for practice.

Findings
– There are three key themes identified: people’s views on the justification of their compulsory detention; the power imbalance between patients and staff; and the lack of information or choice. The lived-experience commentary adds weight to these findings by citing personal examples and making suggestions for improving services. The discussion centres on the potential of co-production between people who access services, their supporters, and professionals to improve treatment for people who may need compulsory detention. The paper also raises questions on whether current legislation and service provision can effectively deliver recovery-orientated practice.

Originality/value
– Through bringing together research evidence and personal perspectives this paper contributes to the discussion on how services for people in crisis can be improved and raises important questions about current service provision and the legislation that underpins it.
Case of pemphigus with immunoglobulin G and A antibodies, binding to both the intercellular spaces and basement membrane zone
Authors: Hosoda Satomi , Adachi Akimasa , Suzuki Masayuki , Yamada Tomoko , Komine Mayumi , Murata Satoru , Ohtsuki Mamitaro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report a case involving a 62‐year‐old woman with in vivo‐bound immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies in both the intercellular space (ICS) and basement membrane zone (BMZ). Her clinical and histopathological features were identical with those of pemphigus vulgaris, while the immunopathological findings suggested IgG/IgA pemphigus. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) showed in vivo‐bound IgG and IgA antibodies in the ICS and BMZ, whereas indirect IF showed circulating IgG but not IgA antibodies in the ICS and BMZ. The anti‐ICS IgG bound to desmoglein‐3, while the anti‐BMZ antibodies bound to the epidermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split skin. To the best of our knowledge, only two similar cases have been reported so far. Furthermore, we also examined IgG subclass distribution of the in vivo‐bound and circulating anti‐ICS and BMZ antibodies, and found that IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 bound to ICS of the lesional skins, while IgG1 and IgG3 bound to the BMZ. The circulating anti‐ICS antibodies belonged to IgG1 and IgG4, while the circulating anti‐BMZ antibodies to IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4.We report a case involving a 62‐year‐old woman with in vivo‐bound immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies in both the intercellular space (ICS) and basement membrane zone (BMZ). Her clinical and histopathological features were identical with those of pemphigus vulgaris, while the immunopathological findings suggested IgG/IgA pemphigus. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) showed in vivo‐bound IgG and IgA antibodies in the ICS and BMZ, whereas indirect IF showed circulating IgG but not IgA antibodies in the ICS and BMZ. The anti‐ICS IgG bound to desmoglein‐3, while the anti‐BMZ antibodies bound to the epidermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split skin. To the best of our knowledge, only two similar cases have been reported so far. Furthermore, we also examined IgG subclass distribution of the in vivo‐bound and circulating anti‐ICS and BMZ antibodies, and found that IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 bound to ICS of the lesional skins, while IgG1 and IgG3 bound to the BMZ. The circulating anti‐ICS antibodies belonged to IgG1 and IgG4, while the circulating anti‐BMZ antibodies to IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4.
Quantifying network resilience: comparison before and after a major perturbation shows strengths and limitations of network metrics
Authors: Moore Christine , Grewar John , Cumming Graeme S. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

The resilience literature often assumes that social–ecological reorganization will result in either the removal of deficient system elements (components, interactions) or social learning. Major perturbations are expected to lead to either adaptation or, if accompanied by a regime shift, transformation. This has led to a conflation of the concepts of resilience and adaptation, which has in turn made it difficult to quantitatively distinguish between cases in which a system returned to a previous state, and adaptation or learning occurred, and cases in which the system was resilient but adaptation or learning did not occur.

We used a network analysis of nine years of ostrich movement data to explore the social–ecological resilience of the Western Cape ostrich industry, which nearly collapsed following an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in 2011 and has gradually rebuilt.

The system that emerged following the outbreak contained fewer farms but was more connected than at any period prior to the outbreak. As system reorganization proceeded, network traits began to fluctuate seasonally and to approach values similar to those observed prior to the outbreak. It was estimated that it would take 4–5 full seasonal cycles for the system to return to a similar state to that prior to the disease outbreak. In other words, although the system reorganized following the system collapse, it remained within the same regime and showed no obvious evidence of adaptation or learning.

Policy implications. The majority of previous work on studying system response to disturbance has focused on outcome‐based adaptation and learning. This study highlights the need to understand systems that respond to disturbance without learning or adaptation. Network analysis offers a useful quantitative tool for exploring social–ecological resilience and tracking changes in vulnerability. However, the development of better ways of incorporating additional data from multiple scales into network analysis remains an important priority for improving the predictive power and policy relevance of network approaches to analysing resilience.
The ecology and economics of shorebird conservation in a tropical human‐modified landscape
Authors: Green Jonathan M. H. , Sripanomyom Siriya , Giam Xingli , Wilcove David S. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Rapid and extensive land‐use change in intertidal foraging habitat and coastal roosting habitat is thought to be driving major population declines of shorebirds migrating through the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. Along the Inner Gulf of Thailand, a critical stopover and wintering ground for these birds, artificial wetlands (salt pans and aquaculture ponds) have replaced much of the natural coastal ecosystem.

We conducted a two‐part study to (i) assess the importance of salt pans and semi‐traditional aquaculture ponds to shorebirds and (ii) understand the economic forces that drive land‐use change in this region by interviewing salt pan and aquaculture operators.

Salt pans provide important roost habitat, particularly for shorter‐legged birds, which are less able to utilize aquaculture ponds due to their greater depth. Moreover, three focal shorebird species foraged extensively in salt pans and semi‐traditional aquaculture ponds, even when intertidal mudflats were exposed, suggesting that artificial wetlands could buffer against the impacts of degraded intertidal foraging areas for some shorebird species.

Economic profits from salt production and semi‐traditional aquaculture are similar. Risks to investment and per capita profitability are key factors in determining whether to convert land from one use (e.g. salt pan) to the other (aquaculture).

Synthesis and applications. Salt pans provide an important resource to migrating shorebirds. As development pressures increase, operators may need financial incentives if salt pans are to be maintained over large areas. Although semi‐traditional aquaculture is used less by shorebirds, drained ponds provide opportunities to roost and forage. Semi‐traditional aquaculture operators should drain their ponds regularly to provide supplementary habitat for shorebirds. Use of nets and pond liners should be discouraged in both systems. Optimizing aquaculture pond and salt pan management for shorebirds could provide a more pragmatic, cost‐effective and geographically extensive solution to conserving these birds than protected areas alone.
Assessing Recovery from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: An Application of Night‐time Light Data and Vegetation Index
Authors: ANDERSSON MAGNUS , HALL OLA , ARCHILA BUSTOS MARIA FRANCISCA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt has been 10 years since the Indian Ocean Tsunami caused serious damage to the coastal areas in South and Southeast Asia. The effects on vegetation and human settlements in the affected areas were enormous. This study presents the results of an analysis estimating the long‐term recovery using two longitudinal remotely sensed dataset: 1. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer enhanced vegetation index (MODIS EVI), a dataset accounting for change in the landscape and vegetation; and 2. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program‐Optical Line Scanner (DMSP‐OLS) night‐time light data in order to estimate the effects on human and economic activities. It is evident from the results of this study that the night‐time light and vegetation index datasets can both be beneficial in identifying changes caused by natural disasters and can be used to track recovery. The results using night‐time light indicates a large loss of lighted area but also a rapid recovery of night‐time light after the tsunami. Already in year 2005–2006, the levels of lighted area and sum of the lighting (SOL) intensity reached the same levels as pre‐tsunami. For MODIS vegetation index, a drop can be observed in 2005/2006 on locations close to the coastline using 1 year temporal resolution; however, when utilizing the 16 day temporal resolution, the impact of the tsunami is illustrated as a dramatic drop, mostly in pixels located within 3km from the coast. Following the drop in vegetation index due to the tsunami, it was observed that most pixels exhibited at least some level of recovery in 2 years after the event.
Revised descriptions of the larvae and pupae of the subgenera Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Korea
Authors: Kim Sam‐Kyu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) and five species of Simulium (Nevermannia) in Korea are taxonomically reviewed. Detailed descriptions of immature stages of included species are supplemented with high resolution photographs. The larvae and pupae of Korean members of subgenus Gomphostilbia are easily recognized by the presence of prominent ventral tubercles and black spinous setae on abdomen and thorax in larva. Presence of prominent ventral tubercles on larval abdomen can also be used as a diagnostic character for members of subgenus Nevermannia but they are lacking black spinous setae on abdomen and thorax. Keys to larvae and pupae of Korean species of subgenera Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia are provided. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) omutaense is removed from the list of black flies known from Korea, and the status of Simulium sp. J‐12 of Bentinck is discussed.
Estimated density of four carabid beetle species in Mongolian oak and Korean red pine forest ecosystems on Baekdudaegan mountain range (Mt. Oade and Mt. Guryong) of South Korea
Authors: Kim Do Sung , Kim Jung Lark , Park Seong‐Joon , Kim Jinhong , Sung Jieun , Nam Jongwoo , Park Doo‐Sang , Kim Taik ho , Jin Sung Ju , Yi Hoonbok 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe estimation of animal population size is a primary field of interest for wildlife biologists, and such numerical estimation of wild animals is a very important factor in establishing national policy towards nature. Therefore, we performed this study to estimate the population density of carabid beetles preying on soil biota at the Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) forests and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) forests of two mountains, Mt. Odae and Mt. Guryong. We used the trapping web method with pitfall traps to collect the beetles. We calculated the estimated density of a total of four carabid beetle species in two specific regions and converted them to an estimated beetle population size within a certain area by using the study area. From our estimates, one beetle species, Leptocarabus seishinensis seishinensis L., displayed statistically significant results. Although there was no appreciable difference in the makeup of different carabid beetle species between the two forest communities, the population size of the beetle species was larger in Mongolian oak forests than in Korean red pine forests. The spatial distribution of carabid beetles by forest type did not show any preference for particular spots. Our results showed that carabid beetles did not have specific home ranges and that they were not density dependent. We expect to use the raw data to recognize the response of soil organisms to changes in the habitat environment and to track the patterns of change more accurately over long passages of time.
Crunchiness Loss and Moisture Toughening in Puffed Cereals and Snacks
Authors: Peleg Micha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUpon moisture uptake, dry cellular cereals and snacks loose their brittleness and become soggy. This familiar phenomenon is manifested in smoothing their compressive force–displacement curves. These curves’ degree of jaggedness, expressed by their apparent fractal dimension, can serve as an instrumental measure of the particles’ crunchiness. The relationship between the apparent fractal dimension and moisture content or water activity has a characteristic sigmoid shape. The relationship between the sensorily perceived crunchiness and moisture also has a sigmoid shape whose inflection point lies at about the same location. The transition between the brittle and soggy states, however, appears sharper in the apparent fractal dimension compared with moisture plot. Less familiar is the observation that at moderate levels of moisture content, while the particles’ crunchiness is being lost, their stiffness actually rises, a phenomenon that can be dubbed “moisture toughening.” We show this phenomenon in commercial Peanut Butter Crunch® (sweet starch‐based cereal), Cheese Balls (salty starch‐based snack), and Pork Rind also known as “Chicharon” (salty deep‐fried pork skin), 3 crunchy foods that have very different chemical composition. We also show that in the first 2 foods, moisture toughening was perceived sensorily as increased “hardness.” We have concluded that the partial plasticization, which caused the brittleness loss, also inhibited failure propagation, which allowed the solid matrix to sustain higher stresses. This can explain other published reports of the phenomenon in different foods and model systems.
The acid adaptive tolerance response in Campylobacter jejuni induces a global response, as suggested by proteomics and microarrays
Authors: Varsaki Athanasia , Murphy Caroline , Barczynska Alicja , Jordan Kieran , Carroll Cyril 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCampylobacter jejuni CI 120 is a natural isolate obtained during poultry processing and has the ability to induce an acid tolerance response (ATR) to acid + aerobic conditions in early stationary phase. Other strains tested they did not induce an ATR or they induced it in exponential phase. Campylobacter spp. do not contain the genes that encode the global stationary phase stress response mechanism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify genes that are involved in the C. jejuni CI 120 early stationary phase ATR, as it seems to be expressing a novel mechanism of stress tolerance. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to examine the expression profile of cytosolic proteins during the C. jejuni CI 120 adaptation to acid + aerobic stress and microarrays to determine the genes that participate in the ATR. The results indicate induction of a global response that activated a number of stress responses, including several genes encoding surface components and genes involved with iron uptake. The findings of this study provide new insights into stress tolerance of C. jejuni, contribute to a better knowledge of the physiology of this bacterium and highlight the diversity among different strains.
Effect of TAK‐085 on Low‐density Lipoprotein Particle Size in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: A Double‐blind Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Tatsuno Ichiro , Kudou Kentarou , Kagawa Tomoya 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundLow‐density lipoproteins (LDLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of particles with various size and density. A shift to larger LDL particle size is mainly the result of a decrease in small dense LDL (sd‐LDL) levels and an increase in large buoyant LDL (lb‐LDL) levels.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind study of TAK‐085 (containing docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid‐ethyl esters [EPA‐E]) and an EPA‐E product in Japanese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, exploratory evaluations of the effects of the LDL particle size were performed on the basis of LDL‐cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratios and LDL subfractions, which were analyzed with a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system.ResultsPatients were randomized to 12‐week treatment with TAK‐085 4 g/day (N = 210), TAK‐085 2 g/day (N = 205), or EPA‐E 1.8 g/day (N = 195). Treatment with TAK‐085 4 g/day, TAK‐085 2 g/day, and EPA‐E 1.8 g/day caused an increase in the LDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratios (3.99%, 3.35%, and 0.66%, respectively), the mean diameter of LDL particles (1.12%, 0.84%, and 0.67%, respectively), and the level of lb‐LDL at the end of the study (16.37%, 9.51%, and 7.31%, respectively). The increases in the LDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratios and the mean diameter of LDL particles from baseline to the end of the study were greater with TAK‐085 4 g/day than EPA‐E 1.8 g/day. TAK‐085 4 g/day and TAK‐085 2 g/day caused a decrease in the sd‐LDL levels (−16.21% and −6.96%, respectively).ConclusionTAK‐085 produced a favorable shift in the LDL particle size in Japanese patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAPIC Clinical Trials Information: Japic CTI‐090937.
Suppression of IGF‐I signals in neural stem cells enhances neurogenesis and olfactory function during aging
Authors: Chaker Zayna , Aïd Saba , Berry Hugues , Holzenberger Martin 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDownregulation of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) pathways prolongs lifespan in various species, including mammals. Still, the cellular mechanisms by which IGF signaling controls the aging trajectory of individual organs are largely unknown. Here, we asked whether suppression of IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐1R) in adult stem cells preserves long‐term cell replacement, and whether this may prevent age‐related functional decline in a regenerating tissue. Using neurogenesis as a paradigm, we showed that conditional knockout of IGF‐1R specifically in adult neural stem cells (NSC) maintained youthful characteristics of olfactory bulb neurogenesis within an aging brain. We found that blocking IGF‐I signaling in neural precursors increased cumulative neuroblast production and enhanced neuronal integration into the olfactory bulb. This in turn resulted in neuro‐anatomical changes that improved olfactory function. Interestingly, mutants also displayed long‐term alterations in energy metabolism, possibly related to IGF‐1R deletion in NSCs throughout lifespan. We explored Akt and ERK signaling cascades and revealed differential regulation downstream of IGF‐1R, with Akt phosphorylation preferentially decreased in IGF‐1R−/− NSCs within the niche, and ERK pathway downregulated in differentiated neurons of the OB. These challenging experimental results were sustained by data from mathematical modeling, predicting that diminished stimulation of growth is indeed optimal for tissue aging. Thus, inhibiting growth and longevity gene IGF‐1R in adult NSCs induced a gain‐of‐function phenotype during aging, marked by optimized management of cell renewal, and enhanced olfactory sensory function.
A roadmap for the genetic analysis of renal aging
Authors: Noordmans Gerda A. , Hillebrands Jan‐Luuk , van Goor Harry , Korstanje Ron 
Published: July 2015

SummarySeveral studies show evidence for the genetic basis of renal disease, which renders some individuals more prone than others to accelerated renal aging. Studying the genetics of renal aging can help us to identify genes involved in this process and to unravel the underlying pathways. First, this opinion article will give an overview of the phenotypes that can be observed in age‐related kidney disease. Accurate phenotyping is essential in performing genetic analysis. For kidney aging, this could include both functional and structural changes. Subsequently, this article reviews the studies that report on candidate genes associated with renal aging in humans and mice. Several loci or candidate genes have been found associated with kidney disease, but identification of the specific genetic variants involved has proven to be difficult. CUBN, UMOD, and SHROOM3 were identified by human GWAS as being associated with albuminuria, kidney function, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These are promising examples of genes that could be involved in renal aging, and were further mechanistically evaluated in animal models. Eventually, we will provide approaches for performing genetic analysis. We should leverage the power of mouse models, as testing in humans is limited. Mouse and other animal models can be used to explain the underlying biological mechanisms of genes and loci identified by human GWAS. Furthermore, mouse models can be used to identify genetic variants associated with age‐associated histological changes, of which Far2, Wisp2, and Esrrg are examples. A new outbred mouse population with high genetic diversity will facilitate the identification of genes associated with renal aging by enabling high‐resolution genetic mapping while also allowing the control of environmental factors, and by enabling access to renal tissues at specific time points for histology, proteomics, and gene expression.
Australian oral health case notes: assessment of forensic relevance and adherence to recording guidelines
Authors: Stow L , James H , Richards L 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundDental case notes record clinical diagnoses and treatments, as well as providing continuity of patient care. They are also used for dento‐legal litigation and forensic purposes. Maintaining accurate and comprehensive dental patient records is a dental worker's ethical and legal obligation.MethodsAustralian registered specialist forensic odontologists were surveyed to determine the relevance of recorded case note items for dental identification. A dental case notes sample was assessed for adherence with odontologist nominated forensic value and compiled professional record keeping guidelines of forensic relevance. Frequency of item recording, confidence interval, examiner agreement and statistical significance were determined.ResultsBroad agreement existed between forensic odontologists as to which recorded dental items have most forensic relevance. Inclusion frequency of these items in sampled case notes varied widely (e.g. single area radiographic view present in 75%, CI = 65.65–82.50; completed odontogram in 56%, CI = 46.23–65.33). Recording of information specified by professional record keeping guidelines also varied, although overall inclusion was higher than for forensically desired items (e.g. patient's full name in 99%, CI = 94.01 – >99.99; named treating practitioner in 23%, CI = 15.78–32.31).ConclusionsMany sampled dental case notes lacked details identified as being valuable by forensic specialists and as specified by professional record keeping guidelines.