bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating redox cooperativity in water‐soluble and membrane multiheme cytochromes through protein design
Authors: Hardy Benjamin J. , Dubiel Paulina , Bungay Ethan L. , Rudin May , Williams Christopher , Arthur Christopher J. , Guberman‐Pfeffer Matthew J. , Sofia Oliveira A. , Curnow Paul , Anderson J. L. Ross 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNature has evolved diverse electron transport proteins and multiprotein assemblies essential to the generation and transduction of biological energy. However, substantially modifying or adapting these proteins for user‐defined applications or to gain fundamental mechanistic insight can be hindered by their inherent complexity. De novo protein design offers an attractive route to stripping away this confounding complexity, enabling us to probe the fundamental workings of these bioenergetic proteins and systems, while providing robust, modular platforms for constructing completely artificial electron‐conducting circuitry. Here, we use a set of de novo designed mono‐heme and di‐heme soluble and membrane proteins to delineate the contributions of electrostatic micro‐environments and dielectric properties of the surrounding protein medium on the inter‐heme redox cooperativity that we have previously reported. Experimentally, we find that the two heme sites in both the water‐soluble and membrane constructs have broadly equivalent redox potentials in isolation, in agreement with Poisson‐Boltzmann Continuum Electrostatics calculations. BioDC, a Python program for the estimation of electron transfer energetics and kinetics within multiheme cytochromes, also predicts equivalent heme sites, and reports that burial within the low dielectric environment of the membrane strengthens heme‐heme electrostatic coupling. We conclude that redox cooperativity in our diheme cytochromes is largely driven by heme electrostatic coupling and confirm that this effect is greatly strengthened by burial in the membrane. These results demonstrate that while our de novo proteins present minimalist, new‐to‐nature constructs, they enable the dissection and microscopic examination of processes fundamental to the function of vital, yet complex, bioenergetic assemblies.
A Closer Look at Type I Left‐Handed β‐Helices Provides a Better Understanding in Their Sequence–Structure Relationship: Toward Their Rational Design
Authors: Naudé Maxime , Faller Peter , Lebrun Vincent 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the sequence–structure relationship in protein is of fundamental interest, but has practical applications such as the rational design of peptides and proteins. This relationship in the Type I left‐handed β‐helix containing proteins is updated and revisited in this study. Analyzing the available experimental structures in the Protein Data Bank, we could describe, further in detail, the structural features that are important for the stability of this fold, as well as its nucleation and termination. This study is meant to complete previous work, as it provides a separate analysis of the N‐terminal and C‐terminal rungs of the helix. Particular sequence motifs of these rungs are described along with the structural element they form.
Anchorage and lap capacity of plain surface and square twisted bars in existing R.C. Structures: A comprehensive approach
Authors: Cairns John , Feldman Lisa R. , Palmisano Fabrizio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough plain round or square section reinforcement is no longer used in new construction, there are many older structures still in service built with such bars. In recognition of the need for guidance on the assessment of load‐carrying capacity of structures reinforced with such bars, design codes are now introducing or re‐introducing provisions to assess the capacity of laps and anchorages of such reinforcement. The authors have contributed to the introduction of design rules in the fib Model Code 2020. This paper describes the derivation of these provisions. Starting from the form of expression proposed earlier by the authors, the data from which these proposals are derived is specified and modifications in interpretation preparatory to a statistical analysis are outlined. A rigorous multivariate statistical procedure is then employed firstly to determine a mean strength expression for the capacity of anchorages and laps which is then validated against test data. Further statistical analysis is subsequently used to determine a design expression using the approach outlined in EN 1990, taking appropriate account scatter in test data. Finally, some comparisons are presented between the assessment expressions proposed and design provisions that were in place when these types of bars were in common use. Areas where earlier design provisions may be non‐conservative are identified.
Resilience Patterns for Start-Ups: Strategies and Tools
Authors: Steinebach Christoph , Bucher Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStarting a business is considered a particularly challenging time for entrepreneurs. Risks must be well judged and mastered. It is a time when identity, profession, and competence make it possible to build up the offerings and the company. In dealing with general and specific risks, the resilience of the participants as well as the company as a whole ensures optimal development. From a systemic perspective, conditions of successful coping can be named. As it turns out, the development of appropriate strategies and plans is just as important as the consideration of one’s own needs and the development of one’s own competencies. Based on these considerations, various offers and methods of resilience support are recommended for start-ups.
SMEs Talk—Startups Walk: How Startups Can Benefit from the Use of a Digital Maturity Model for SMEs as Part of Digital Transformation?
Authors: Klotz Patrick , Eisenbart Barbara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurpose—While digital transformation has been widely implemented in large corporations, there is a big potential for startups and SMEs that are lagging behind in utilizing this opportunity. This chapter aims to raise awareness among startups and SMEs about digital transformation by developing a digital maturity model adopted, especially for international distributed work. The model serves as a framework for startups and SMEs to understand which dimensions influence and are important for digital transformation, and what specific questions are relevant for each of the dimensions.Design/methodology/approach—The research followed the Design Science Research with explorative interviews of two CEOs and development of case studies of companies currently undergoing the digital transformation process to get a deeper understanding of the different dimensions and which dimensions really matter. The artifacts are the dimensions that have a direct impact on the successful implementation of digital transformation, including a sample report of the digital maturity to position a company’s digital transformation against a baseline. Those dimensions were identified and chosen based on the review of 27 existing digital maturity models.Findings—The perception, that digital transformation is all about technology, has been disproved. Seven dimensions identified were (a) Culture and Leadership, (b) Digital Technologies, (c) Organization and Processes, (d) Employees and Digital Skills, (e) Customers, (f) Products and Innovation, and (g) Digital Strategy. Once a digital strategy is defined, a company can then focus on either internal or external environment. Culture and leadership need to be defined top-down as a base for driving change. Digital technologies are enablers, not drivers.Business implications—The use of a digital maturity model raises companies’ awareness about the current digital transformation phase and helps to understand, kick-off and accelerate their digital transformation to realize the aspired situation. While SMEs need to carefully plan and transform all aspects of a running company to benefit from digital opportunities, startups can launch digitally right from the start.Originality/value—Startups and internationally active SMEs can use the maturity model for a self-assessment as a first step to understand key dimensions to build a digital strategy and continuously work on improving maturity level as well as sustainability. Researchers in other countries can use the maturity model for classification and conduct a survey for comparative analysis among countries and different industries in different countries.
Migrant Entrepreneurs in Switzerland: Not Very Different from Native Entrepreneurs
Authors: Meyer Dario , Meyer Rolf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSwitzerland is a country with a high share of people with a migrant background in the population; however, there is a lower share of migrant entrepreneurs compared to native entrepreneurs in most countries. This raises the question of who the migrant entrepreneurs in Switzerland are and what their motivations and challenges are. This chapter is based on data from the Federal Statistical Office as well as a written survey of new founders who started their company between 2014 and 2019. Sixty-three entrepreneurs with a migrant background were surveyed among the total sample. The results show that the differences between native and migrant entrepreneurs are small to non-existent. The motivation and challenges are the same, only in getting support the migrant entrepreneurs rely more on external help than the native entrepreneurs. Also, migrants more often start their business alone. The research contributes to the existing literature by confirming the findings of other countries that migrant entrepreneurs are very similar to native entrepreneurs and have the same daily challenges. This knowledge can help providers of entrepreneurship support to shape their offerings and attract native as well as migrant entrepreneurs to the same offerings, as they are all entrepreneurs first.
Emigration and Start-up Setting. New Russian and Ukrainian Intelligentsia in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Schulte Volker , Hinz Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the current situation of Russian entrepreneurs, on the one hand, and Ukrainian entrepreneurs, on the other hand, who have emigrated to a safe third country due to the warlike conflict and the increasingly repressive attitude of the Russian regime. Four Ukrainian and four Russian entrepreneurs were interviewed in addition to extensive source research. These findings are incorporated into the interpretation. Individual statements are quoted. Due to the delicate nature of statements and at the request of the interviewees, they have been anonymized. The new waves of migration are analyzed and classified in this chapter in a historical context with earlier waves of migration.Since the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine, some 700,000 Russians and 8 million Ukrainians have fled to third countries (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2023a).According to this source, about 18 million people have left Ukraine of which around 10 million have returned to the country in the meantime. The Russians and Ukrainians are mostly people with good education and corresponding skills in service professions. In this chapter, we present the results of eight interviews, four with Russian emigrants and four with Ukrainian emigrants, and explore the motivations, opportunities, and barriers to building start-ups in exile. The study also describes the integration achievements of previous European migrant flows, as well as the advantages and disadvantages for the respective home countries and for the receiving countries. From this, conclusions can be drawn for the current crisis (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2023b).Key findings: Both Russians and Ukrainians form networks. It is striking that these networks hardly mingle. “We don’t want to have anything to do with the Russians,” says Tatjana, an exiled Ukrainian in Switzerland. The intention, the rejection of war, and the fear of military service are common to both exile groups. The opportunities and risks of starting a business in the respective foreign countries are also comparable. Russian exiles, on the other hand, tend to be driven to neutral or Russia-friendly countries. Ukrainians, on the other hand, prefer Western countries that condemn the invasion and provide significant financial support to Ukrainians in the form of asylum and refugee status. It is true that the host countries have to bear a heavy burden in the first phase, as accepting so many refugees requires great financial and social efforts. In the medium term, however, it is a significant advantage for the host countries because the admission alleviates the demographically induced shortage of skilled workers and thus promotes economic development. Among the four Ukrainians interviewed who have been granted the right to stay in Switzerland, gratitude toward the host country is very high and is expressed throughout.
The Type-I Seesaw family
Authors: Centelles Chuliá Salvador , Herrero-Brocal Antonio , Vicente Avelino 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the Type-I Seesaw family of neutrino mass models, including the conventional type-I seesaw and its low-scale variants, namely the linear and inverse seesaws. We establish that all these models essentially correspond to a particular form of the type-I seesaw in the context of explicit lepton number violation. We then focus into the more interesting scenario of spontaneous lepton number violation, systematically categorizing all inequivalent minimal models. Furthermore, we identify and flesh out specific models that feature a rich majoron phenomenology and discuss some scenarios which, despite having heavy mediators and being invisible in processes such as μ → eγ, predict sizable rates for decays including the majoron in the final state.
On the networks of large embeddings
Authors: Aslan Tuğba , Khaled Mohamed , Székely Gergely 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe define a special network that exhibits the large embeddings in any class of similar algebras. With the aid of this network, we introduce a notion of distance that conceivably counts the minimum number of dissimilarities, in a sense, between two given algebras in the class in hand; with the possibility that this distance may take the value $$\infty $$
∞
. We display a number of inspirational examples from different areas of algebra, e.g., group theory and monounary algebras, to show that this research direction can be quite remarkable.
Comparison of the performances of Statistical and Artificial Neural Network models in the prediction of geometry and density of PLA/wood biocomposite cubes manufactured by FDM
Authors: Contuzzi Nicola , Morvayová Alexandra , Fabbiano Laura , Casalino Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of scanning speed, printing temperature, and layer height on the density, dimensions, errors of parallelism, and surface finish of cubical specimens made of PLA/wood biocomposite and manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The study examined 64 specimens, each produced with a unique set of process parameters. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effects of process parameters on the examined properties of the manufactured cubes. RSM analysis revealed the statistical significance of direct proportion between the layer height, printing temperature, and x-and y-dimensions of the manufactured specimens (with P-values of 0, 0, 0.002, and 0, respectively). Also, the scanning speed and error of parallelism in z-oriented faces were statistically correlated (with a P-value of 0.035). For layer height and cube density, an indirect proportion was observed (with a P-value of 0). Compared to the regression model, ANN exhibited better performance at process parameters effect evaluation. The worse performance of regression models can be attributed to their limited capacity to represent non-linear relationships, while ANN models can capture the complex non-linear nature of the process, leading to better performances (R2 close to 100%). An evaluation of the defects in the specimens was carried out using the go/no-go diagram.
Sophisticated reasoning, learning, and equilibrium in repeated games with imperfect feedback
Authors: Battigalli Pierpaolo , Bordoli Davide 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe analyze the infinite repetition with imperfect feedback of a simultaneous or sequential game, assuming that players are strategically sophisticated—but impatient—expected-utility maximizers. Sophisticated strategic reasoning in the repeated game is combined with belief updating to provide a foundation for a refinement of self-confirming equilibrium. In particular, we model strategic sophistication as rationality and common strong belief in rationality. Then, we combine belief updating and sophisticated reasoning to provide sufficient conditions for a kind of learning—that is, the ability, in the limit, to exactly forecast the sequence of future observations—thus showing that impatient agents end up playing a sequence of self-confirming equilibria in strongly rationalizable conjectures of the one-period game.
The effect of SSRIs on unconditioned anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Authors: Heesbeen Elise J. , van Kampen Tatum , Verdouw P. Monika , van Lissa Caspar , Bijlsma Elisabeth Y. , Groenink Lucianne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first choice of treatment for anxiety-like disorders. However, which aspects of anxiety are affected by SSRIs is not yet fully understood.

Objective
We aimed to systematically review the effect of six clinically effective SSRIs on four aspects of unconditioned anxiety: approach-avoidance behaviour (elevated plus maze), repetitive behaviour (marble burying), distress behaviour (ultrasonic vocalization), and activation of the autonomous nervous system (stress-induced hyperthermia).

Methods
We identified publications by searching Medline and Embase databases and assessed the risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed and moderator effects were analysed with Bayesian penalized meta-regression.

Results
Our search yielded 105 elevated plus maze, 63 marble burying, 11 ultrasonic vocalization, and 7 stress-induced hyperthermia articles. Meta-analysis suggested that SSRIs reduce anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus maze, marble burying and ultrasonic vocalization test and that effects are moderated by pre-existing stress conditions (elevated plus maze) and dose dependency (marble burying) but not by duration of treatment or type of SSRI. The reporting quality was low, publication bias was likely, and heterogeneity was high.

Conclusion
SSRIs seem to reduce a broad range of unconditioned anxiety-associated behaviours. These results should be interpreted with caution due to a high risk of bias, likely occurrence of publication bias, substantial heterogeneity and limited moderator data availability. Our review demonstrates the importance of including bias assessments when interpreting meta-analysis results. We further recommend improving the reporting quality, the conduct of animal research, and the publication of all results regardless of significance.
Defining tumor growth in vestibular schwannomas: a volumetric inter-observer variability study in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI
Authors: Cornelissen Stefan , Schouten Sammy M. , Langenhuizen Patrick P. J. H. , Lie Suan Te , Kunst Henricus P. M. , de With Peter H. N. , Verheul Jeroen B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
For patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS), a conservative observational approach is increasingly used. Therefore, the need for accurate and reliable volumetric tumor monitoring is important. Currently, a volumetric cutoff of 20% increase in tumor volume is widely used to define tumor growth in VS. The study investigates the tumor volume dependency on the limits of agreement (LoA) for volumetric measurements of VS by means of an inter-observer study.

Methods
This retrospective study included 100 VS patients who underwent contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Five observers volumetrically annotated the images. Observer agreement and reliability was measured using the LoA, estimated using the limits of agreement with the mean (LOAM) method, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The 100 patients had a median average tumor volume of 903 mm3 (IQR: 193–3101). Patients were divided into four volumetric size categories based on tumor volume quartile. The smallest tumor volume quartile showed a LOAM relative to the mean of 26.8% (95% CI: 23.7–33.6), whereas for the largest tumor volume quartile this figure was found to be 7.3% (95% CI: 6.5–9.7) and when excluding peritumoral cysts: 4.8% (95% CI: 4.2–6.2).

Conclusion
Agreement limits within volumetric annotation of VS are affected by tumor volume, since the LoA improves with increasing tumor volume. As a result, for tumors larger than 200 mm3, growth can reliably be detected at an earlier stage, compared to the currently widely used cutoff of 20%. However, for very small tumors, growth should be assessed with higher agreement limits than previously thought.
Impact of post-thrombectomy isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage on neurological outcomes in patients with anterior ischemic stroke – a retrospective single-center observational study
Authors: van Landeghem Natalie , Ziegenfuß Christoph , Demircioglu Aydin , Dammann Philipp , Jabbarli Ramazan , Haubold Johannes , Forsting Michael , Wanke Isabel , Köhrmann Martin , Frank Benedikt , Deuschl Cornelius , Li Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the impact of post-thrombectomy isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage (i-SAH) and other types of intracranial hemorrhage (o-ICH) on patient’s neurological outcomes.

Methods
Stroke data from 2018 to 2022 in a tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with large vessel occlusion from ICA to M2 branch were included. Post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages at 24 h were categorized with Heidelberg Bleeding Classification. Neurological impairment of patients was continuously assessed at admission, at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and at discharge. Predictors of i-SAH and o-ICH were assessed.

Results
297 patients were included. i-SAH and o-ICH were found in 12.1% (36/297) and 11.4% (34/297) of patients. Overall, NIHSS of i-SAH patients at discharge were comparable to o-ICH patients (median 22 vs. 21, p = 0.889) and were significantly higher than in non-ICH patients (22 vs. 7, p < 0.001). i-SAH often resulted in abrupt deterioration of patient’s neurological symptoms at 24 h after thrombectomy. Compared to non-ICH patients, the occurrence of i-SAH was frequently associated with worse neurological outcome at discharge (median NIHSS increase of 4 vs. decrease of 4, p < 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (41.7% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.022). Regardless of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3), the beneficial impact of thrombectomy appeared to be outweighed by the adverse effect of i-SAH. Incomplete reperfusion and shorter time from symptom onset to admission were associated with higher probability of i-SAH, whereas longer procedure time and lower baseline ASPECTS were predictive for o-ICH occurrence.

Conclusion
Post-thrombectomy isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage is a common complication with significant negative impact on neurological outcome.