bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prey preferences of adult sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax in the northeastern Atlantic: implications for bycatch of common dolphin Delphinus delphis
Authors: Spitz J. , Chouvelon T. , Cardinaud M. , Kostecki C. , Lorance P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Spitz, J., Chouvelon, T., Cardinaud, M., Kostecki, C., and Lorance, P. 2013. Prey preferences of adult sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax in the northeastern Atlantic: implications for bycatch of common dolphin Delphinus delphis – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 452–461. In the northeastern Atlantic, adult sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is one of largest fish living on the shelf, and this species has important commercial value. However, pelagic trawl fisheries that target sea bass have negative operational interactions with common dolphins (Delphinus delphis). Our goal was to determine the diet of adult sea bass in the Bay of Biscay from stomach-content and stable-isotope analyses, and explore the dietary overlap between sea bass and common dolphins. We found that sea bass primarily target small pelagic fish, most notably mackerel (Scomber scombrus), scads (Trachurus spp.), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). These four species also dominated the diets of common dolphins. This overlap in feeding preferences could increase the risk of dolphins being caught by trawl fisheries while feeding among sea bass, and may be an underlying mechanism to explain the high rate of common dolphin bycatch observed in the pelagic trawl fishery for sea bass in the Bay of Biscay. Understanding the foraging ecology and trophic interactions of predator species is an essential step for identifying and resolving management issues in the northeastern Atlantic and other marine ecosystems.
Animals as Sentinels: Using Comparative Medicine To Move Beyond the
Laboratory
Authors: Rabinowitz Peter M , Scotch Matthew L , Conti Lisa A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The comparative medicine approach, as applied to the study of laboratory animals for the betterment of human health, has resulted in important medical and scientific progress. Much of what is known about the human health risks of many toxic and infectious hazards present in the environment derives from experimental studies in animals and observational (epidemiological) studies of exposed human populations. Yet there is a third source of “in vivo” knowledge about host-environment interactions that may be underused and -explored: the study of diseases in naturally occurring animal populations that may signal potential human health threats. Just as canaries warned coal miners of the risk of toxic gases, other nonhuman animals, due to their greater susceptibility, environmental exposure, or shorter life span, may serve as “sentinels” for human environmental health hazards. Traditionally, communication between human and animal health professionals about cross-species sentinel events has been limited, but progress in comparative genomics, animal epidemiology, and bioinformatics can now provide an enhanced forum for such communication. The “One Health” concept involves moving toward a comparative clinical approach that considers “shared risks” between humans and animals and promotes greater cooperation and collaboration between human and animal health professionals to identify and reduce such risks. In doing so, it also creates new opportunities for the field of comparative medicine that can supplement traditional laboratory animal research.
Normal paediatric bone marrow: Magnetic resonance imaging appearances from birth to 5 years
Authors: Bracken Jennifer , Nandurkar Dee , Radhakrishnan Kottayam , Ditchfield Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionBone marrow (BM) assessment is an important aspect of paediatric MRI, with the marrow cavity visible on almost every clinical MR examination. In practice, however, assessment for marrow infiltration in paediatric patients can be challenging. Our aim was to review the MRI appearance of normal BM from 0 to 5 years.MethodsConsecutive body MR examinations over 7 years were retrospectively reviewed in patients aged 0–5 years. Patients with anticipated BM abnormality were excluded. All patients had imaging of the spine and/or pelvis with T1‐weighted (T1) ± T2 with fat saturation, post‐contrast T1‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted or out‐of‐phase sequences.ResultsNineteen patients were included: nine (47%) infants, 11 (58%) boys, mean age 18.2 months (range 1 day to 3 years and 10 months). On T1 imaging, 69% infant marrow sites and 24% in children >1 year were isointense, the remainder were hyperintense. One hundred per cent BM was T2 fat saturation hyperintense. Enhancement following contrast was seen in 16% of BM sites. Restricted diffusion was seen in 100% infant BM and 50% BM in children >1 year. On out‐of‐phase imaging, no signal loss was seen in infants, and 21% BM in children >1 year showed signal loss.ConclusionDue to normal age‐related differences in BM histology, MRI for marrow assessment in infants and young children can be misleading and may mimic marrow infiltration.
Five‐year analysis of magnetic resonance imaging as a screening tool in women at hereditary risk of breast cancer
Authors: Kam Jeffrey KP , Naidu Paayal , Rose Allison K , Mann G Bruce 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionWomen at very high risk of breast cancer are recommended to undertake enhanced surveillance with annual MRI in addition to mammography. We aimed to review the performance of breast MRI as a screening modality over its first 5 years at our institution.MethodsThe study used a retrospective review using prospectively collected data from a consecutive series of women at high risk of developing breast cancer undergoing surveillance MRI.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐three women had at least one screening MRI. The median age was 42 years old. Sixty‐nine (30.9%) were confirmed genetic mutation carriers. The remaining 154 (69.1%) women were classified as high risk based on family history, without a confirmed genetic mutation. Three hundred forty screening MRI studies were performed. Of these, 69 patients (20.3%) were recalled for further assessment. There was a significant reduction in the recall rate throughout the study for prevalent screens, from 50% (17/34) in 2008 to 14% (9/54) in 2011 (P = 0.004). The overall biopsy rate was 39 in 340 screens (11.5%). Four cancers were identified. Three were in confirmed BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers, and one was found to be a carrier after the cancer was diagnosed. All four were identified as suspicious on MRI, with two having normal mammography. The cancer detection rate of MRI was 1.2% (4/340 screens). The overall positive predictive value was 7.0%, 6.7% for prevalent screens and 7.1% for subsequent screens.ConclusionsBreast MRI as a screening modality for malignant lesions in women with high hereditary risk is valuable. The recall rate, especially in the prevalent round, improved with radiologist experience.
Stratigraphy and Geochronology of Vertebrate Fossil‐Bearing Jurassic Strata from Linglongta, Jianchang County, Western Liaoning, Northeastern China
Authors: Nan PENG , Yongqing LIU , Hongwei KUANG , Xiaojun JIANG , Huan XU 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Northeastern China contains widely distributed Jurassic terrestrial strata that have yielded many spectacular mammal and pterosaur fossils, in addition to feathered dinosaur fossils and more recent discoveries from Jianchang, particularly from western Liaoning. However, the fossil‐bearing stratigraphic succession, regional correlation, and age estimates of the fossils found in Jianchang County and nearby areas have been contentious. Here, we report on the vertebrate fossil‐bearing Jurassic stratigraphy from Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, including a SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon date unambiguously associated with the fossil horizons. The primary goal was to determine the vertebrate fossil‐bearing succession. A further aim was to provide age estimations for the fossil‐bearing horizon as well as the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs, the eutherian–placental clade, and transitional pterosaurs. Field investigations showed that the vertebrate fossil‐bearing stratigraphic succession in Jianchang County mainly consists of basal andesites overlain by rhythmic tuffs and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments, with the upper intermediate or acidic lavas interbedded with laminated more or less tuffaceous lacustrine deposits. This sequence correlates well with the Middle Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation in northeastern China. Detailed and accurate field observations showed that the well‐preserved vertebrate fossils were buried in either the middle or the upper fine‐grained laminated lacustrine deposits. Previous and current SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon dates provide an age estimation of 161–159 Myr for the fossil‐bearing horizon and vertebrates. This indicates that the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs here was more than 159 Myr ago and unquestionably older than Archaeopteryx from Germany, making these the earliest known feathered dinosaurs in the world. Furthermore, the eutherian–placental clade and the known transitional pterosaurs first emerged no later than 161 Myr. The vertebrate assemblage unearthed recently from Linglongta and neighboring areas in Jianchang County belongs to the Daohugou Biota. In addition to feathered dinosaurs, this biota was characterized by mammals, primitive pterosaurs, insects, and plants and was present in Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and northern Hebei in northeastern China during the Middle–Late Jurassic.
The Pterosaur Collection at the Natural History Museum, London, UK: an Overview and List of Specimens, with Description of Recent Curatorial Developments
Authors: STEEL Lorna 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:The pterosaur collection at the Natural History Museum is of great historical importance. Most of the material is figured or cited, and several specimens are types or casts of types. Pterosaurs from UK localities are well represented, but foreign material is also present as original specimens and as high quality casts. The entire collection has been recorded in a database and curatorial improvements have been made, which has improved physical and virtual access to the collection. Although many of the specimens were collected as long ago as the early 1800s, they are still useful today. A full list of Natural History Museum pterosaur specimens is published, for the first time since 1888.
The Early Evolutionary History and Adaptive Radiation of the Pterosauria
Authors: ANDRES Brian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Phylogenetic analyses of early pterosaur species are relatively new and contradictory. However, they imply a similar evolutionary history for early pterosaurs: a large divergence of all major early groups of pterosaurs before the first named pterosaur species appeared in the fossil record. This large, unsampled divergence may be a record of the initial adaptive radiation of the pterosaurs, but a recent comprehensive phylogenetic analysis reconstructs named Triassic pterosaur species grouped together in a monophyletic clade with all other major groups diverging later. Ten patterns that characterize adaptive radiations put forward by Gavrilets and Losos (2009) are assessed for congruence with the comprehensive phylogeny and two previous phylogenies to determine which are consistent with our notions of an adaptive radiation. Of the eight patterns that can be applied to pterosaurs, only six vary between pterosaur phylogenies. Of these six patterns, all apply to the three phylogenies with varying amounts of support For many patterns, however, the comprehensive phylogeny has a greater magnitude, shorter time span, or is the only topology within which they can be assessed. Pterosaurs are characterized by an adaptive radiation no matter which phylogeny is considered, but congruence with the fossil record increases the support and information content of a phylogeny by reducing the time and area within which to reconstruct evolutionary history.
Reassessment of Prejanopterus curvirostris, a Basal Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain
Authors: PEREDA‐SUBERBIOLA Xabier , KNOLL Fabien , RUIZ‐OMEÑACA José Ignacio , COMPANY Julio , TORCIDA FERNÁNDEZ‐BALDOR Fidel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Prejanopterus curvirostra, from the Early Cretaceous of La Rioja province, was the first pterosaur genus and species described from Spain. The material comprises disarticulated cranial and postcranial remains from several individuals. The fossil‐bearing bed is assigned to the lacustrine Leza Formation (eastern Cameros Basin, NW margin of the Iberian Range). This unit is regarded as either Berriasian‐Valanginian or Barremian‐Aptian. Prejanopterus curvirostris (specific name emended) was originally diagnosed on the basis of several characters of which the most significant was a lateral curvature of the rostrum. Re‐examination of the holotype (rostrum) and paratype (partial rostrum with teeth) indicates that there is no genuine sideways bend of the preserved premaxilla‐maxilla segments, but a slight dorsal curvature. Prejanopterus is characterized by a unique combination of characters: an emended diagnosis is provided. In contrast with previous estimates, the wing span of Prejanopterus was probably not much (if ever) in excess of 2 m. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that Prejanopterus is a basal pterodactyloid positioned between Pterodactylus and Cycnorhamphus‐Gallodactylus. Prejanopterus represents the first evidence of Pterodactylidae in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula.
Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of the Mobarak Formation (Lower Carboniferous) in Kiyasar Area, SE Sari, Northern Iran
Authors: FALAHATGAR Mostafa , MOSADDEGH Hossein , SHIRAZI Mahnaz Parvanehnejad 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:The Mobarak Formation is near the town of Kiyasar in the south‐east of Sari city, northern Iran. This formation conformably overlies the Geirud Formation (Upper Devonian). The lower part of the Mobarak Formation consisting of shales and thin‐ to medium‐bedded limestone toward the top of these sequences changes into alternations of dark limestone and interbedded gray to black shales. Weathered yellow thick‐bedded shales are observed at the top of the section. This formation is covered unconformably by sandstones attributed to the Dorud Formation (Lower Permian). The thickness of the formation in this region is 250 m. Four rock units have been recognized in this section. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy shows that the age of the Mobarak Formation in the Kiaysar region ranges from Lower Tournaisian to Early Middle Visean. The foraminifer Zones FAZ1 and FAZ2 are correlated with the Lower Tournaisian and Upper Tournaisian, whereas Zones FAZ3 and FAZ4 correlate with the Visean. Affinities exist between specimens recorded in the Kiyasar section with species known from other regions in eastern and Central Alborz, but there are important differences in their appearance.
Petrographic and Geochemicial Characteristics of the Kızıloren Formation (Upper Triassic‐Lower Jurassic) in the Akpınar (Konya, Turkey) Area
Authors: ÖZKAN Ali Müjdat , ELMAS Ayşe 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:This paper describes the occurrence of dolomite and the mechanism of dolomitization of the Upper Triassic‐Lower Jurassic Kızıloren Formation in the autochthonous Bolkardagı unit of the middle Taurus Mountains in south western Turkey. Dolomites were analyzed for geochemical, isotopic and crystallographic variation. Dolomites occur as a replacement of precursor carbonate and cement. The dolomite crystals range from <10 to ∼1000 μm existing as both replacements and cements. Sr concentrations range between 84 and 156 ppm, and the molar Sr/Ca ratios of dolomitizing fluids are estimated to range between 0.0066 to 0.013 ratios. Dolomites are Ca‐rich (with average CaCO3 and MgCO3 equal to 56.43 and 43.57 mol%, respectively) and they are non‐stoichiometric, with an average Sr=116 ppm, Na=286 ppm, Mn=81 ppm, Fe=1329 ppm, and δ18O and δ13C ranges from −0.6‰ to −6.1‰ Pee Dee Belemnite [PDB], and +1.2 to +3.9‰ PDB. The North American Shale Composition [NASC]‐normalized rare earth element (REE) values of the both limestone and dolomite sample groups show very similar REE patterns characterized by small positive Eu (mean=1.32 and mean=1.42, respectively) and slightly or considerably negative Ce (mean=0.61 and mean=0.72, respectively) anomalies and a clear depletion in all REE species. The Kızıloren Formation dolomites have been formed as early diagenetic from mixing zone fluids at the tidal‐subtidal environment and at the late diagenetic from basinal brines at the shallow‐deep burial depths.
Crystal Structure and Chemical Composition of Ludwigite from Vranovac Ore Deposit (Boranja Mountain, Serbia)
Authors: TANČIĆ Pavle , DIMITRIJEVIĆ Radovan , POZNANOVIĆ Maja , PAČEVSKI Aleksandar , SUDAR Slobodanka 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:The crystal structure of ludwigite from Vranovac ore deposit (Boranja Mt., Serbia) was refined using the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) Rietveld method in the space group Pbam to a final RB=7.45% and RF=5.26%. It has the unit cell dimensions of: a= 9.2515(2) Å; b= 12.3109(2) Å; c= 3.03712 (7) Å; and V= 345.91(1) Å3. The calculated distances and angles are mostly in good agreement with the Mg2+‐Fe2+ substitutions across the M(1) and M(3) sites, as well as with the Fe3+‐Al3+ replacement in the M(4) site. However, the mean observed M(2)‐O distance is considerably shorter than prescribed, due to a slight increase of the Fe3+ content in the M(2) site. Such replacement was compensated by slight increase of the Fe2+ content in the M(4) site, resulting in the (Mg1.48Fe2+0.46Fe3+0.05Mn0.02)2.01 (Fe3+0.94Fe2+0.04Al0.02)1.00B1.00O5 composition. The formation temperature was estimated to be about 500–600°C. The influences of the various chemical compositions to the crystallographic parameters, M‐O distances, M(3) and M(4) sites shift, distortion parameters and estimated valences, were also studied and compared with other reference samples.
Multiple daily injections of insulin versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wender‐Ozegowska Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Ozegowska Katarzyna , Wroblewska‐Seniuk Katarzyna , Iciek Rafal , Mantaj Urszula , Olejniczak Danuta , Brazert Jacek 
Published: January 2013

AimsThe aim was to evaluate the outcome of pregnancies with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) treated from the first trimester with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI).MethodsIn a retrospective, observational study, we matched 64 CSII patients for age, age at onset and duration of diabetes and HbA1c in the first trimester with 64 MDI pregnancies. We analysed carbohydrate metabolism, insulin requirements, development of PIH, progression of retinopathy and fetal outcome.ResultsIn CSII group, we found a significantly smaller insulin requirement both at the beginning of pregnancy and before delivery, significant decrease in HbA1c levels and significantly smaller number of hypoglycaemic episodes in the second trimester and significantly more hyperglycaemic episodes in the first trimester. In both groups, maternal, fetal and perinatal outcomes were similar and the number of hypo‐ and hyperglycaemic episodes decreased throughout pregnancy.ConclusionContinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes is associated with a reduced number of hypoglycaemia and decreased insulin requirement. We noted no difference in perinatal outcome comparing women on multiple insulin injections with those on continuous insulin infusion.
Intrapartum polymerase chain reaction for detection of group B streptococcus colonisation
Authors: Abdelazim Ibrahim A. 
Published: January 2013

AimsLower vaginal swabs were collected to compare the intrapartum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to the standard antepartum culture for detection of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and forty‐five pregnant women with documented antepartum GBS cultures, who did not receive either antepartum or intrapartum antibiotics, were included in this prospective study. At the time of delivery and before the intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), double swabs were collected, one of the swab was used in the GBS molecular‐based (PCR) test and the other was processed for GBS culture in Ahmadi Hospital Clinical Laboratory. Neonates were examined after delivery to diagnose GBS sepsis, and using intrapartum GBS culture as gold standard test; the intrapartum PCR test was compared to the antepartum culture.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of antepartum culture to diagnose GBS colonisation were 73 & 95.5%, respectively, compared with 98.3% sensitivity & 99% specificity for intrapartum PCR test (P > 0.05). Although the intrapartum PCR test was more accurate (98.8%) for detection of GBS colonisation than antepartum culture (90%), its accuracy was significantly different. The neonatal GBS sepsis was significantly related to positive intrapartum cultures, and intrapartum PCR tests, but was not related to positive antepartum cultures (the IAP to the antepartum GBS‐positive mothers reduces GBS sepsis of their neonates).DiscussionThe intrapartum PCR test is an accurate bedside test and it has the potential to be used as intrapartum screening for GBS colonisation allowing appropriate management of mothers and neonates.
Risk of malignancy in women who underwent hysterectomy for uterine prolapse
Authors: Wan Osanna Y. K. , Cheung Rachel Y. K. , Chan Symphorosa S. C. , Chung Tony K. H. 
Published: January 2013

AimsTo evaluate the risk of missing a malignancy in surgical specimens following hysterectomy for uterine prolapse if routine pathological examination is not performed. Additionally, information on the risk of missing an hitherto unsuspected malignancy if uterine preservation is the preferred management option will be provided.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed on all cases of surgery performed for uterine prolapse in a tertiary referral institution from 2003 to 2011. Those with confirmed malignancy before operation were excluded. The study subjects had their clinical history, investigations, the type of operations and histopathology report analysed. They were classified into symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on whether they reported symptoms that were suggestive of uterine malignancy.ResultsA total of 640 women were studied. Three cases of hitherto unsuspected uterine malignancy were found, giving an incidence of 0.47%. Among the 456 asymptomatic women, both pre‐ and postmenopausal, the risk of incidental malignancy was 0.22%. Within the postmenopausal group, risk of incidental malignancy was 0.26%. Another 3 cases of uterine premalignant conditions were identified, giving an overall risk of premalignant and malignant uterine condition of 0.94%. Five cases of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia were found, contributing to a risk of 0.78%.ConclusionsThe risk of missing an uterine malignancy in patients with uterine prolapse is low if appropriate investigations are carried out prior to surgery. If hysterectomy is to be performed, we recommend that all surgical specimens be subjected to histopathological examination.