bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Aziz Muhammad , Bangolo Ayrton , Nagesh Vignesh K , Aung Htat , Mathew Midhun , Garcia Lino , Chandar Shiva A , Karamthoti Praveena , Bawa Harinder , Alshimari Aseel , Kejela Yabets , Mehdi Nazish , Joseph Chrishanti A , Kodali Athri , Kumar Rohan , Goyal Priya , Satheesha Sanya , Nivedita Fnu , Tesoro Nicole , Sethi Tanni , Singh Gurpreet , Belal Areej , Intisar Alina , Khalid Hirra , Cornwell Samuel , Suresh Suchith B , Ahmed Kareem , Marole Karabo K , Anand Om P , Reshi Rahat B , Mehta Tej I , Elias Sameh , Feuerstein Joseph D 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remains limited.
AIM
To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in CD.
METHODS
A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1, 2020, to identify all full text, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with CD. Outcomes included continent based demographic data, CD surgery rates over time, as well as the geoepidemiologic variation in CD surgery rates. Statistical analyses were conducted using R.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies spanning four continents were included. The median proportion of persons with CD who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in studies from North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 30% (range: 1.7%-62.0%), 40% (range: 0.6%-74.0%), 17% (range: 16.0%-43.0%), and 38% respectively. No clear association was found regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time in North America (R 2 = 0.035) and Europe (R 2 = 0.100). A moderate, negative association was seen regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time (R 2 = 0.520) in Asia.
CONCLUSION
There appears to be significant inter-continental variation regarding surgery rates in CD. Homogenous evidence-based guidelines accounting for the geographic differences in managing patients with CD is prudent. Moreover, as a paucity of data on surgery rates in CD exists outside the North American and European continents, future studies, particularly in less studied locales, are warranted.
Compare clinical efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yan , Liu Qi-Qi , Wang Shao-Zhao 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
To compare the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in the treatment of middle and low locally advanced rectal cancer. Our study will systematically collect and integrate studies to evaluate the ability of these two treatments to improve tumor shrinkage rates, surgical resection rates, tumor-free survival, and severe adverse events.
AIM
To provide clinicians and patients with more reliable treatment options to optimize treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two treatment options.
METHODS
A full search of all clinical studies on the effectiveness and safety of TNT and nCRT for treating locally advanced rectal cancer identified in Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database) and English (PubMed, Embase) databases was performed. Two system assessors independently screened the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included literature. We used RevMan 5.3 software to perform a meta-analysis of the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, T stage degradation rate, resection 0 (R0) rate, anal grade 3/4 acute toxicity rate, perioperative complications, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in the TNT and nCRT groups.
RESULTS
Finally, 14 studies were included, six of which were randomized controlled studies. A total of 3797 patients were included, including 1865 in the TNT group and 1932 in the nCRT group. The two sets of baseline data were comparable. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pCR rate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-1.90, P < 0.00001], T stage degradation rate (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.63-2.57, P < 0.00001), and R0 resection rate (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.09-1.85, P = 0.009) were significantly greater in the nCRT group than in the nCRT group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of grade 3/4 acute toxicity or perioperative complications between the two groups. The 5-year OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.69-1.02, P = 0.08] and DFS (HR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.03-1.39, P = 0.74) of the TNT group were similar to those of the nCRT group.
CONCLUSION
TNT has greater clinical efficacy and safety than nCRT in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
The history of robusta coffee cultivation in the Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of The Congo
Authors: Bopoko Bamenga , Broeckhoven Ieben , Verbist Bruno , Stoffelen Piet , Trefon Theordore 
Published: June 2024

The study aims to trace the history of robusta coffee cultivation (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with particular emphasis on the Tshopo province. Both the enabling and disabling factors influencing the production of Robusta from 1881 to the present day were examined. The objective is to increase our understanding of conditions related to the cultivation of the Robusta coffee in Tshopo, given its potential as a major producer and the global shift towards robusta, in light of the challenges of climate change faced by coffee farmers. A literature review was conducted, based on archives and scientific papers. Robusta production has experienced boom and bust cycles in these periods. The fluctuation in coffee production in the DR Congo is due to the orientation of agricultural economic policies, particularly investments in research and infrastructure, and to political dynamics. Fluctuations in world coffee prices have accentuated, and sometimes created, these cycles. Thus, in order to enable the re-emergence of the DRC’s coffee sector, it is recommended that the primary focus should therefore be on creating of an enabling political and economic environment. Agronomic aspects and market integration should also be addressed.
Pollution Level of Heavy Metals and Risk Implications from the Lower Omo River: East African Fresh Water in the Semiarid Region of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abiy A. K. , Girma T. Y. , Solomon S. S. , Yohannes S. B. 
Published: June 2024

The Omo River passes through Omorate town, where domestic, municipal, and industrial waste from the town and its vicinities, including agrochemicals, flows into the river.Hence, this research aims to assess heavy metal contamination levels and associated risks in the Lower Omo River, located in the semiarid region of Southern Africa. The mean concentrations of the detected heavy metals in the river water were 0.439mg/L for (Mn), 0.1 (Zn), 0.168 (Cu), 0.393 (Cr), 0.318 (Pb), 0.007 (Ni), 8.926 (Fe), and0.06 (Co).The order for the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the water was Fe >Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Cu > Co > Ni. The mean levels of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) were above the acceptable limits for water set by WHO. The HPI value indicates that all water sample sites were heavily polluted. The HQs through oral ingestion and dermal for both children and adults were in the order of Cr >Pb> Mn > Fe >Cu > Co > Ni > Zn. The HQ value greater than 1 was examined for Cr, Pb, and Mn both in children and adults through ingestion and dermal route from the River water.The CRs for both children and adults via ingestion of the River water followed the order Cr > Pb. According to CRI value, the River water could be classified as very high environmental risk.
Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Drought over Some West Africa Regions Based On Selected Drought Assessment Indices
Authors: Ogolo E. O. , Ojo O. S. , Akinwande D. D. 
Published: June 2024

Prolonged absence of moisture exacerbates drought and assessment indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are critical tools. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the comparative characteristics of drought over West Africa using SPI and SPEI. The data used in this work was established on four monthly time scales of 3, 6, 12, and 24 and covered a period between 1979 and 2021 (42 years) at five regions in Hyper-Arid region, Sahelian region, Sudano region, Dry-Sub-humid region, Moist-Sub-humid region. The data was further analyzed and the characteristics of the drought were assessed. Data obtained revealed that there were some differences between SPI and SPEI in regional drought characteristics. Most of the regions considered experienced extreme drought in 1982. The result also revealed that more droughts were experienced in the eighties than in the nineties. Likewise some regions experienced severe drought in 2021 due to increase in drought intensity in the year 2021 as recorded by SPI and SPEI. Therefore it is vital for frequent assessment of meteorological drought characteristics in West Africa using recent data in order to explore its impact because climate change prediction can cause places that are currently experiencing mild or moderate drought to become more severe in the future, and the total impact of drought in West Africa will increase. This study could also assist water resource planners to better understand the drought events.
Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on acyclovir induced renal damage in adult Wistar rat
Authors: Ehimigbai A. R. O. , Jayeola D. T. 
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia Occidentalis on acyclovir-induced renal damage in the kidneys of adult Wistar rats. A total of thirty adult Wistar rats weighing an average of 200g were used for this study. They were randomly grouped into six (A, B, C, D, E and F), with each group consisting of five rats each. Group A was given distilled water, group B was administered with 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis, group C was administered 1000mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis, group D was administered 28mg/kg body weight of acyclovir, Group E was administered 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis and 28mg/kg body weight of acyclovir and Group F was administered 1000mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis and 28mg/kg body weight of acyclovir. Aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis and acyclovir were given via orogastric method. Biochemically, group D showed elevation of urea, creatinine, SOD and CAT levels statistically, while other groups revealed reduction in the urea, creatinine, SOD and CAT values statistically. Histological results showed that there was inflammation, vascular distortion and tubular necrosis in the kidney of Group administered with only acyclovir while there was protection in the kidney of rat administered with aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis and acyclovir,. In conclusion, aqueous leaf extract of T. Occidentalis has the potential to protect the kidney from acyclovir induced renal damage in adult Wistar rat.
Seasonal Variations of Selected Ornamental Plants as Biomonitors of Air Pollutants in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Dada O. E. , Ajao M. O. 
Published: June 2024

This objective of this paper was to evaluate the seasonal variations of fourteen (14) ornamental plants as biomonitors of air pollution in three urban areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in three areas that were purposively selected in Ondo State which are Oduduwa Road, Oloko (traffic congested area), FUTA area (Less traffic congested area) and uncongested area in Elizade University as control. The ornamental plants namely Roystonea regai, Convallaria majalis, Polyalthia longifolia, Ficus benjamina, Dieffebachia amoena, Colocasia esculent, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Codyline fructicosa, Viburnumt tinus variegatum, Variegatum punctatum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Tradescantia pallida, Codiaeum variegatum, Acalypha wilkesiana were selected purposively and their ascorbic acid contents, pH, relative water contents, total chlorophyll contents and air pollution tolerance index were evaluated using standard methods. The biochemical parameters and APTI values of the ornamentals showed that they have less (APTI<17) tolerance indices during the dry and the wet seasons. Thus, they are more susceptible to air pollutants as biomonitors. At congested areas ornamentals had lesser APTI values at the sampling site than the control site with Tradescantia pallida having the highest (8.86) mean value while Variegatum punctatum had the lowest value of 6.81 during the wet season while Codiaeum variegatum with value 7.08 and the lowest for Variegatum punctatum with value 4.71. Conclusively, this study recommends that in addition with the aesthetic values of the ornamental plants, they can be useful as model bioindicators of air pollution in urban settings.
Prevalence and Pathology of Sub-clinical Abomasal Coccidiosis (<i>Eimeria gilruthi</i>) in adult West African Dwarf goats from three localities in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo Temitope Morenikeji , Adebiyi Adeniyi Adekunle , Ajayi Olusola Lawrence , Olaniyi Moshood Olajire , Mshelbawala Fakilahyel Musa , Takeet Michael Irewole , Osifade Olawale Akindele 
Published: June 2024

Coccidiosis is a neglected disease that affects small ruminants, including goats, in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and abomasal morpho-pathological changes associated with sub-clinical Eimeria gilruthi infection in adult goats from three localities in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria. A total of 103 abomasal samples were collected from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in the aforementioned states. Data on husbandry system, housing, sex, age, and colour of the animals were recorded. Examination for the presence of Eimeria schizonts, gross and histopathological analyses were conducted. The overall prevalence of E. gilruthi infection in WAD goats was 67.0%. Ogun State exhibited a higher prevalence (87.5%) compared to Oyo State (12.5%). Among the three localities, Ayetoro had the highest prevalence (88.2%), followed by Odeda (86.8%), while Beere had the lowest prevalence (16.1%). The semiintensive grazing system and housing with wood and scrap materials were associated with higher infection prevalence. Age and skin color did not significantly influence the infection rate. Gross and histopathological examinations unveiled thickening of the abomasal wall with prominent nodules. Schizonts, surrounded by inflammatory cells and edema fluid, were observed within enterocytes. Morphological and morphometric analysis of the schizonts revealed diverse developmental stages and characteristic features. In conclusion, sub-clinical E. gilruthi infection is prevalent among adult goats in Oyo and Ogun States, Nigeria. This study provides vital insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and morpho-pathological changes related to sub-clinical coccidiosis in goats, which can contribute to improved management and control strategies for this disease.
The Human Capital Input and Some Challenges of the Nigerian Cattle Industry
Authors: Mahuta Mu'awiyyah Muhammad , Sopeju Adebayo Emmanuel , Mustapha Lukman , Ogundunmade Tayo Peter , Raheem Kabiru Ayobami , Matinjah Elijah Donald , Peters Andrew Raymond , Adeyeye Adewale Ayodeji , Leigh Oluwadamilare Olufisayo 
Published: June 2024

This study was to gather first-hand information on the human capital input of the Nigerian cattle industry. A questionnaire was administered to 26 cattle farms across Nigeria of which we received a response from each farm. Most of the farm surveyed were owned solely by individuals 18(69.23%) and the male gender 24(92.31%). There were more farmers 25-50 years 22(84.62%) than those >50 years 4(15.38%). The majority of the farmers had tertiary education 18(69.24%), while 13(50.00%) and 11(42.31%) farmers had >10 years and 5 – 10 years of experience in cattle farming, respectively. Ten (38.46%) farmers each considered cattle farming out of interest and as their profession. Poor funding 13 (50.00%) was the major challenge to cattle farming. The predominant cattle breeds were indigenous mix 18(75.00%) and improved crossbreed 7(20.78%). Semi-intensive 15(57.69%) was the most common management system, however, the main farm sizes were small 13(50.00%) and medium-sized 12(46.15%), while boreholes 15(57.7%) and streams/well-water/rivers 11(42.3%) were the major sources of water. Majority of the cattle farms sometimes 15(57.7%) experience food shortage but never 14(53.80%) water shortage. Nearby veterinary services were present in 22(84.62% farms but absent in 4(15.38%). The study shows that funding is a challenge to cattle farming in Nigeria. This is evident in the small-sized farms, semi-intensive management practices and the occasional shortage of food.
White-Leghorn Chickens Are Less Susceptible To The HaemoPathological Effects Of Avian Coccidiosis Compared To Commercial Broilers
Authors: Ekezie Chisom Christian , Onyido Angus Ejidikeme , Okwelogu Somadina Izuchukwu , Ahanonu Gloria Ezinwanne , Chukwudike Chigozie Onyeka , Anyanebechi Wilson Chidubem , Umeanor Benjamin Chidi 
Published: June 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the differences in susceptibility of the whiteleghorn breed of chicken to the haemo-pathological effects of avian coccidiosis when compared to commercial broilers. An experiment was performed with twenty-day-old chicks (10 whiteleghorns and 10 broilers) which were grown for 3-weeks before infecting them. The chicks were first confirmed to be free from intestinal parasites then 5 birds each, randomly selected from the two breeds, were orally inoculated with Eimeria oocyst. Thrombocyte numbers and packed cell volumes (PCVs) were measured to indicate thrombocytopaenia and anaemia respectively. This was determined from blood obtained from the chicks on the 10th day post-inoculation. An estimate of the effect-size revealed that coccidiosis produced a negligible effect (a 5% decrease) on the thrombocyte number of white-leghorns. However, no effect was observed on the PCV of the same breed. On the contrary, a 47% decrease in the thrombocyte number and a 29% decrease in the PCV of broilers can be attributed to coccidiosis. The extensive system of breeding white-leghorns satisfied the conditions necessary for natural selection of favourable traits to occur in the breed. This might explain the difference in susceptibility to the haemo-pathological effects caused by Eimeria parasites because commercial broilers that are managed intensively, do not survive long enough, thereby disrupting natural selection. The difference implies that an apparently healthy flock of white-leghorn may be a reservoir of the infection, which could be transmitted to susceptible breeds.
Complex assessment of <i>in vitro</i> anti-melanoma action of medicinal plant <i>Cotinus coggygria</i> Scop
Authors: Antov Georgi G. , Georgieva Mariyana S. , Boycheva Irina I. , Todinova Svetla J. , Danailova Avgustina K. , Nikolova Milena T. , Krasteva Natalia A , Gospodinova Zlatina I. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To elucidate the anticancer mechanism and molecular targets of the aqueous fraction from Cotinus coggygria leaf extract in A375 malignant melanoma cells.
Methods: Aqueous ethanol extract from the leaves of C. coggygria was fractionated into the aqueous and chloroform fractions by solvent–solvent partition. A375 cells were treated with the aqueous fraction at various concentrations and incubated for 72 h. The effect of the aqueous fraction on programmed cell death by staining with Annexin V/Propidium iodide ias well as on cell viability and adhesion through labeling with fluorescein diacetate were determined under fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the clonogenicity assessment, comet assay evaluation of genotoxic properties, characterization of thermodynamic behavior of cells by differential scanning calorimetry, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on the expression of genes involved in processes of apoptosis and cell cycle control were determined.
Results: The number of viable adherent cells was reduced by 38.00 and 85.06 % at 20 and 80 µg/mL, respectively compared to untreated cells. In addition, a significant, dose-dependent reduction in the clonogenicity of melanoma cells was observed, culminating in an almost complete inhibition of cancer cells colony-forming ability at 40 and 60 µg/mL of the fraction. Treatment with the fraction increased comets of Classes 3 and 4 to 35 %, while comets of Class 5, which corresponds to the highest level of DNA fragmentation, increased to 2.25 %. Also, the gene damage index (GDI) was highest (1.2) at the concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, the expression levels of BAX, CASP8 and CDKN1A were upregulated and MYC expression decreased after treatment with the aqueous fraction.
Conclusion: Cotinus coggygria possesses significant in vitro anti-melanoma potential. Future studies will be focused on the in vivo assessment of its therapeutic qualities in experimental animals.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects of Moroccan <i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> pulp in animal models
Authors: Moubtakir Soad , Terrafe Chafik , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Badaoui Majda , Oubella Khadija , Agouram Fatima Zahra , Aboufatima Rachida , El Yazouli Loubna , EL Amiri My Ahmed , Chait Abderrahman 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects of methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae).
Methods: The methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua pulp was obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Xylene (20 µL) induced ear inflammation administered intraperitoneally and HCl/ethanol solution (1 mL) induced gastric ulceration administered intra-gastrically were used to induce inflammation and gastric ulcer, respectively. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Furthermore, eighteen rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into 4 groups. Control group received (10 mL/kg of saline), Ceratonia siliqua group received (250 and 500 mg/kg), and other groups received diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg; p,o), and omeprazole (30 mg/kg; p,o). Phytochemical screening was carried out by following standard procedures. The percentage of inhibition, pH, and ulceration index were measured using pH metric titration and degree of ulceration. The antioxidant capacity was determined in vitro using radical DPPH scavenging and FRAP assays.
Results: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinones and sterols. Acute toxicity assessment showed that methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua has a DL50 higher than 5 g/kg. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the percentage inflammation and ulceration index in both assays in comparison to control groups, these effects were comparable to those observed in reference drugs. The extract possessed a strong antioxidant capacity with low IC50.
Conclusion: Ceratonia siliqua extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- ulcer properties. Standardization of Ceratonia siliqua extract will be required for the development of lead molecules against ulcers and inflammation.