bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective review of sudden onset severe headache and subarachnoid haemorrhage on the clinical decision unit: looking for a needle in a haystack?
Authors: Cooper Jamie G. , Smith Benedict , Hassan Tajek B. 
Published: April 2015

Introduction
Patients commonly present to the Emergency Department with sudden onset acute severe headache, but exclusion of significant secondary causes, particularly subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), is vital. The misdiagnosis of SAH is most likely in patients with a normal neurological examination, and the consequences can be disastrous. A noncontrast computed tomography (CT) brain scan is the initial investigation of choice, and most would recommend that, if negative, this be followed by a lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Many hospitals in the UK have developed Clinical Decision Unit (CDU) pathways to provide a standardized approach to the investigation and management of neurologically normal patients with headache suggestive of SAH.

Aims
The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of SAH and to evaluate the performance of CT and LP in a CDU population with sudden onset acute severe headache.

Methods
A retrospective review of neurologically pristine patients admitted to a CDU pathway for exclusion of SAH was conducted. Structured case notes were reviewed; patient demographics, investigation results and clinical outcomes were recorded in each case.

Results
The overall prevalence of SAH in this population was 14/517 (2.7%). A noncontrast CT of the brain had a negative predictive value of 99.8%, reducing the post-test probability of having an angiogram-positive SAH detected by LP and CSF analysis to 0.21% (95% confidence interval 0.04–0.36%).

Conclusion
The management of neurologically pristine patients with sudden onset severe headache on a CDU pathway is feasible. In light of the low prevalence of SAH in this population, the decision to follow a negative CT with an LP in all cases needs careful consideration, as CSF results may only rarely confer therapeutic benefit to patients suspected of SAH.
Interventional Procedures Outside of the Operating Room: Results From the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry
Authors: Chang Beverly , Kaye Alan D. , Diaz James H. , Westlake Benjamin , Dutton Richard P. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives
This study examines the impact of procedural locations and types of anesthetics on patient outcomes in non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) locations. The National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry database was examined to compare OR to NORA anesthetic complications and patient demographics.

Methods
The National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry database was examined for all patient procedures from 2010 to 2013. A total of 12,252,846 cases were analyzed, with 205 practices contributing information, representing 1494 facilities and 7767 physician providers. Cases were separated on the basis of procedure location, OR, or NORA. Subgroup analysis examined outcomes from specific subspecialties.

Results
NORA procedures were performed on a higher percentage of patients older than 50 years (61.92% versus 55.56%, P < 0.0001). Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) (20.15%) and sedation (2.05%) were more common in NORA locations. The most common minor complications were postoperative nausea and vomiting (1.06%), inadequate pain control (1.01%), and hemodynamic instability (0.62%). The most common major complications were serious hemodynamic instability (0.10%) and upgrade of care (0.10%). There was a greater incidence of complications in cardiology and radiology locations. Overall mortality was higher in OR versus NORA (0.04% versus 0.02%, P < 0.0001). Subcategory analysis showed increased incidence of death in cardiology and radiology locations (0.05%).

Conclusions
NORA procedures have lower morbidity and mortality rates than OR procedures, contrary to some previously published studies. However, the increased complication rates in both the cardiology and radiology locations may need to be the target of future safety investigations. Providers must ensure proper monitoring of patients, and NORA locations need to be held to the same standard of care as the main operating room. Further studies need to identify at-risk patients and procedures that may predispose patients to complications.
The Trigger Tool as a Method to Measure Harmful Medication Errors in Children
Authors: Maaskant Jolanda M. , Smeulers Marian , Bosman Diederik , Busink Annemarie , van Rijn-Bikker Petra , van Aalderen Wim , Vermeulen Hester 
Published: April 2015

Objectives
The aim of this study was to improve medication safety for children; it is important to quantify the occurrence of preventable medication errors (MEs). A trigger tool may be an effective and time-saving strategy, but its measurement performance is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the performance of a pediatric medication-focused trigger tool in detecting harmful MEs.

Methods
First, we established a multifaceted method as a reference comparison. Second, we compared the pediatric medication-focused trigger tool with the multifaceted method in a new cohort of patients. All patients admitted in February and March 2013 were screened using the trigger tool and the multifaceted method to obtain full verification. Data collection was performed in separate teams to guarantee blinding of the test results.

Results
Review of the clinical records and the voluntary incident reports was most effective in detecting harmful MEs, so this approach was chosen as a reference comparison. In the second part of the study, 369 patients were included. The multifaceted method identified 33 harmful MEs. In contrast, the trigger tool did not identify any harm. When the 2 symptoms pain and nausea/vomiting were added to the trigger tool, 19 harmful MEs were identified. This extended trigger tool resulted in a sensitivity of 21.2 and a positive predictive value of 36.8.

Conclusions
The original pediatric medication-focused trigger tool yielded only false-positive scores and left unsafe situations undiscovered. We conclude that a multifaceted method remains the preferred method to detect harmful MEs. The additional value of the trigger tool stays unclear.
Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Johnson David K. , Langford Zachary , Garnier-Villarreal Mauricio , Morris John C. , Galvin James E. 
Published: April 2015

Objective:
Characterize the onset and timing of cognitive decline in Parkinson disease (PD) from the first recognizable stage of cognitively symptomatic PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) to PD dementia (PDD). Thirty-nine participants progressed from PD to PDD and 25 remained cognitively normal.

Methods:
Bayesian-estimated disease-state models described the onset of an individual’s cognitive decline across 12 subtests with a change point.

Results:
Subtests measuring working memory, visuospatial processing ability, and crystalized memory changed significantly 3 to 5 years before their first nonzero Clinical Dementia Rating and progressively worsened from PD to PD-MCI to PDD. Crystalized memory deficits were the hallmark feature of imminent conversion of cognitive status. Episodic memory tasks were not sensitive to onset of PD-MCI. For cognitively intact PD, all 12 subtests showed modest linear decline without evidence of a change point.

Conclusions:
Longitudinal disease-state models support a prodromal dementia stage (PD-MCI) marked by early declines in working memory and visuospatial processing beginning 5 years before clinical diagnosis of PDD. Cognitive declines in PD affect motor ability (bradykinesia), working memory, and processing speed (bradyphrenia) resulting in PD-MCI where visuospatial imagery and memory retrieval deficits manifest before eventual development of overt dementia. Tests of episodic memory may not be sufficient to detect and quantify cognitive decline in PD.
Tissue-specific Enrichment of Lymphoma Risk Loci in Regulatory Elements
Authors: Hayes James E. , Trynka Gosia , Vijai Joseph , Offit Kenneth , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Klein Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThough numerous polymorphisms have been associated with risk of developing lymphoma, how these variants function to promote tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Here, we report that lymphoma risk SNPs, especially in the non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtype chronic lymphocytic leukemia, are significantly enriched for co-localization with epigenetic marks of active gene regulation. These enrichments were seen in a lymphoid-specific manner for numerous ENCODE datasets, including DNase-hypersensitivity as well as multiple segmentation-defined enhancer regions. Furthermore, we identify putatively functional SNPs that are both in regulatory elements in lymphocytes and are associated with gene expression changes in blood. We developed an algorithm, UES, that uses a Monte Carlo simulation approach to calculate the enrichment of previously identified risk SNPs in various functional elements. This multiscale approach integrating multiple datasets helps disentangle the underlying biology of lymphoma, and more broadly, is generally applicable to GWAS results from other diseases as well.
The Impact of High-Performance Computing Best Practice Applied to Next-Generation Sequencing Workflows
Authors: Carrier Pierre , Long Bill , Walsh Richard , Dawson Jef , Sosa Carlos P. , Haas Brian , Tickle Timothy , William Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHigh Performance Computing (HPC) Best Practice offers opportunities to implement lessons learned in areas such as computational chemistry and physics in genomics workflows, specifically Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) workflows. In this study we will briefly describe how distributed-memory parallelism can be an important enhancement to the performance and resource utilization of NGS workflows. We will illustrate this point by showing results on the parallelization of the Inchworm module of the Trinity RNA-Seq pipeline forde novotranscriptome assembly. We show that these types of applications can scale to thousands of cores. Time scaling as well as memory scaling will be discussed at length using two RNA-Seq datasets, targeting theMus musculus(mouse) and theAxolotl(Mexican salamander). Details about the efficient MPI communication and the impact on performance will also be shown. We hope to demonstrate that this type of parallelization approach can be extended to most types of bioinformatics workflows, with substantial benefits. The efficient, distributed-memory parallel implementation eliminates memory bottlenecks and dramatically accelerates NGS analysis. We further include a summary of programming paradigms available to the bioinformatics community, such as C++/MPI.
Do count-based differential expression methods perform poorly when genes are expressed in only one condition?
Authors: Zhou Xiaobei , Robinson Mark D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA Correspondence toComprehensive evaluation of differential gene expression analysis methods for RNA-seq databy Rapaport F, Khanin R, Liang Y, Pirun M, Krek A, Zumbo P, Mason CE, Socci ND and Betel D, Genome Biol 2013, 14:R95
The critical managerial capabilities of medical and nursing managers in an Israeli hospital
Authors: Shetach Ana , Marcus Ohad 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the managerial capabilities that are required of medical and nursing managers, in a Christian-affiliated hospital in Israel, in order to promote the job satisfaction of their subordinates.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were gathered via questionnaires, administered to 107 doctors and nurses of a small Christian-affiliated hospital in Israel, regarding the job satisfaction of the respondents, and their evaluation of the managerial capabilities of their medical and nursing superiors. Correlations and regressions were carried out on the data.

Findings
– Overall managerial capabilities of medical and nursing managers were shown to be significantly related to how their subordinates felt about their teams and about their work. The results suggest differences between nurses and doctors. When analyzed for the two dimensions of managerial capabilities and the two dimensions of job satisfaction, the results were significant for the nurses, but not significant for the doctors. When tested for Christians vs non-Christians, the results for the nurses were the same as in the sample as a whole; whereas for the doctors, there were differences between the two religious groups.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample is small and culturally specific, thus limiting the generalization potential of this study.

Practical implications
– Findings of this research may have practical implications regarding hospitals’ recruitment, promotion, instruction and follow-up policies.

Originality/value
– This study sheds light on the issue of hospital management and leadership within a specific cultural-religious setting, which has not been previously investigated.
Conflict between affective versus continuance commitment among casino dealers
Authors: Kuok Angus C.H. , Taormina Robert J. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the extent of the reported low affective commitment compared to continuance commitment of Chinese casino dealers, to discern if there is a significant difference between the two types of commitment, and to identify factors that could explain the difference between them.Design/methodology/approach– Questionnaire data were obtained from 247 Chinese casino dealers working for the three major casino groups in Macau. Correlations and regressions were used to analyze the data.Findings– Dealers’ affective commitment was significantly lower than their continuance commitment, suggesting dealers do not like their jobs but do not leave them, which indicates they have cognitive dissonance about their jobs. Organizational socialization, organizational support, and supervisor integrity were positively correlated with affective commitment; while value of money, pay satisfaction, and neuroticism, were positively correlated with continuance commitment. Organizational support was the strongest predictor of affective commitment, while the value they place on money was the strongest predictor of continuance commitment.Practical implications– Casino managers could improve dealers’ affective commitment by facilitating their organizational socialization, especially training and rewards for their work, providing greater organizational support, and fair and supportive treatment from their supervisors.Originality/value– This is the first study to provide evidence of the difference between affective and continuance commitment in Chinese society, and identifies factors that influence each type of commitment, and may help resolve the employees’ dilemma about their jobs, which is an important concern for Chinese managers.
Teamwork benefits in tertiary education
Authors: Volkov Arabella , Volkov Michael 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the development of students’ skills in the context of team-based learning. Academics have heeded the call to incorporate team learning activities into the curricula, yet little is known of student perception of teamwork and whether they view it as beneficial to them and their future professional career. Further, this study presents an instructional framework to guide best practice in higher education practitioners with regard to the design of teamwork assessment.Design/methodology/approach– The paper adopts a qualitative approach utilising 190 students’ reflections to examine their perception of the benefits of teamwork and whether it will contribute to their future professional work.Findings– Results indicate students perceive team-based assessment tasks require them to adopt a deep approach to learning together with a deep approach to study, as well as improving their skills in the areas of collaboration, team unity and cultural diversity. Further, the study identified a best practice approach that higher education practitioners should adopt in teamwork assessment design giving this study both national and international significance and aids fellow educators in their practices.Research limitations/implications– Because of the chosen research approach, the results may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.Practical implications– The paper presents important implications for those involved in the development of assessment items where objectives include the development of team skills and quality learning outcomes. The findings are vital for unit and course planning and design generally, and assessment planning, design and processes, specifically, both nationally and internationally.Originality/value– This paper fulfils an identified need to study students’ perceptions of teamwork, whether they view it as beneficial to them and their future professional career, and presents a best practice approach for teamwork assessment design.
Using the Delphi technique to support curriculum development
Authors: Sitlington Helen , Coetzer Alan 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the use of the Delphi technique to support curriculum development with a view to enhancing existing literature on use of the technique for renewal of business course curricula.Design/methodology/approach– The authors outline the Delphi process for obtaining consensus amongst a diverse expert group, provide an overview of the results of the study to demonstrate its value and present an analysis of participants’ reflections on the Delphi process experience. Drawing on participants’ reflections and the experience of using the technique the authors present a “good practice guide” for others seeking to apply the technique and discuss implications for practice and research.Findings– Analysis of participants’ feedback identified strengths and limitations of the process. Participants perceived that the process was efficient and fostered reflection on their own practice. The technique’s capacity to draw out varied views due to absence of dominant voices was highlighted. Limitations were perceived to be restrictiveness of the process and potential inability to address varying understandings. Participant feedback suggests the process may provide a fragmented approach to curriculum design.Research limitations/implications– The findings suggest avenues for future research, including examining how the Delphi technique can be incorporated into a holistic set of curriculum design field studies that are linked and ultimately lead to a well-designed curriculum.Originality/value– Current literature on the Delphi technique does not provide participants’ perspectives on the process nor researcher reflections on use of the technique. The authors address this gap and generate good practice guidelines for using the Delphi technique as a tool for curriculum renewal.
Measuring organisational capabilities in the higher education sector
Authors: Bobe Belete J , Kober Ralph 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV), the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework and instrument to measure the organisational capabilities of university schools/departments. In doing so, this study provides evidence of the way competitive resources are bundled to generate organisational capabilities that give university schools/departments a sustainable competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire to measure the resources that contribute to the capabilities of university schools/departments was developed. Constructs were determined, and the questionnaire was refined based on an analysis of responses from 166 Heads of schools/departments across all 39 Australian public universities.Findings– Heads conceive of the development of capabilities within their schools/departments along the core operating functions of research, teaching, and networking. Reliability and supplementary analysis confirm these constructs have strong convergent and discriminant validity as well as internal consistency.Research limitations/implications– The findings confirm that effective management and coordination of research, teaching, and networking with important stakeholders are keys to success. The framework and instrument developed in this paper also provides the opportunity to investigate university performance through the perspective of the RBV, which will enhance the understanding of the determinants of universities’ performance.Practical implications– The framework and questionnaire developed in this study can be utilised by Heads as a diagnostic tool to gain an understanding of their department’s/school’s organisational capabilities in the areas of research, teaching, and networking.Originality/value– This paper is the first study to develop a framework and questionnaire to measure organisational capabilities for university academic schools/departments.
Optimal group size with joint liability group lending strategy
Authors: Mukherjee Shirsendu , Bhattacharya Sukanta 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to offer a theory on optimal group size. To overcome the problems of institutional credit facilities to the poor and marginal people, Joint Liability Group Lending (JLGL) is often considered as a better option. However, the literature in the field is surprisingly silent about the issue of group-size. This paper tries to fill the vacuum in a theoretical framework.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a standard theoretical model, this paper shows that even with costless peer monitoring, there exists an upper bound on the size of group, and this upper bound is exactly pinned down by the strength of the social sanction.

Findings
– This paper shows that under reasonable specification of effort cost, as group size increases, both optimal cooperative effort level and the deviation incentive from that effort level rise monotonically for any individual borrower. Thus, given the strength of social sanction, the rising incentive for deviation uniquely determines the optimal group size even in absence of free riding in peer monitoring.

Research limitations/implications
– The theoretical results derived in the paper require empirical verification which is, however, tricky because of the problems associated with quantifying social sanctions.

Practical implications
– This paper argues that the group size should be larger in more integrated communities which have better social cohesion among its members.

Originality/value
– This paper shows that, for a given extent of joint liability the borrowers need to bear, the group size in joint liability group lending should be designed according to the strength of social sanction prevailing in the society to achieve social efficiency.