bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discarded species in the west Mediterranean sea as sources of omega‐3 PUFA
Authors: García‐Moreno Pedro J. , Pérez‐Gálvez Raúl , Morales‐Medina Rocío , Guadix Antonio , Guadix Emilia M. 
Published: June 2013

Five discarded fish species in the Alboran Sea, namely axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne), small‐spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), and bogue (Boops boops) were evaluated as novel sources for the production of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The lipid content of the five species varied significantly within the different seasons, being maximum in spring for axillary seabream, small‐spotted catshark, and bogue (5.1, 2.7, 2.5%, respectively) and in summer for sardine and horse mackerel (13.6 and 6.2%, respectively). Sardine and horse mackerel presented also the maximum amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosohexaenoic acid (DHA), 3000 and 1300 mg/100 g fish, respectively. Their oils exhibited a composition of EPA + DHA higher than 23% and they were mainly composed by triacylglycerols. Axillary seabream, small‐spotted catshark, and bogue presented a lower amount of EPA + DHA, 960, 650, and 157 mg/100 g fish, respectively, but their oils also exhibited a composition of EPA + DHA higher than 20%. Particularly important was the composition of DHA, 23%, of the oil extracted from small‐spotted catshark. Therefore, the five discarded species studied were found to be valuable raw material for the production of fish oil presenting a high content in EPA and DHA.Practical applications: This work is in line with ongoing EU regulations avoiding fish discards. This has boosted research on the potential of these raw materials for the production of high added‐value products such as omega‐3 PUFAs, which are experiencing a growing commercial demand. This study provides a complete characterization of five discarded species in the Alboran Sea, with special focus on the availability of their omega‐3 content throughout the year. Despite their different lipid content, all the species were good sources for the production of omega‐3. The oils extracted from these species presented a maximum composition of EPA + DHA higher than 20%. Interestingly, small‐spotted catshark's oil was relatively rich in DHA (up to 23%), which makes this oil an excellent functional ingredient for brain and children's health applications. The results obtained provide valuable information for food scientists interested in the production of omega‐3 PUFAs from traditional and alternative fish species.
Bifunctional Primary Amine‐Squaramide Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Michael Addition of Keto‐enones: A Convenient Process to the Stereocontrolled Construction of trans‐Dihydrobenzofuran Skeletons
Authors: Liu Yunting , Lu Aidang , Hu Keling , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA highly diasterero‐ and enantioselective intramolecular Michael addition of keto‐enones has been realized. By using the (R,R)‐1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine‐based bifunctional primary amine‐squaramide catalyst, the reaction proceeded smoothly to generate the corresponding trans‐2,3‐disubstituted dihydrobenzofuran derivatives in excellent yields with good to excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 97:3 dr, up to >99 % ee).
Lipases in the Regioselective Preparation of Glyceric Acid Esters of Methyl Glycosides
Authors: Sundell Riku , Kanerva Liisa T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe lipase‐catalyzed regioselective acylation of methyl α‐D‐galacto‐, ‐gluco‐ and ‐mannopyranosides with isopropylidene‐protected (R)‐ and (S)‐glyceric acid methyl esters in organic solvents is presented. Factors affecting the formation of the 6‐O‐mono‐ and 2,6‐O‐diacylated products are examined and preparative‐scale reactions are detailed. In addition, studies on partially protected methyl α‐D‐galactopyranosides are presented, with the 3,4‐O‐isopropylidene protected compound leading exclusively to the formation of the 6‐O‐monoacylated product even at high substrate concentrations. Application of acidic resin in methanol allows removal of the isopropylidene protection groups without disturbing the ester bond at C‐6.
Tether‐Free Immobilized Bifunctional Squaramide Organocatalysts for Batch and Flow Reactions
Authors: Kardos György , Soós Tibor 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of highly efficient, easily accessible, and robust immobilized bifunctional organocatalysts. There was no need to employ any tether to secure high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities in various Michael addition reactions. The synthetically useful Michael adducts were obtained within reasonable reaction times with the advantage of easy product isolation and the possibility of automation by using a flow chemistry apparatus.
Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐N‐methylamino Acids Synthesized in a Flow Tube‐in‐Tube Reactor with a Liquid–Liquid Semipermeable Membrane
Authors: Buba Annette E. , Koch Stefan , Kunz Horst , Löwe Holger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBoth steps of the N‐methylation of 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were carried out in a microstructured tube‐in‐tube reactor equipped with a semipermeable Teflon® AF 2400 membrane as the inner tubing. In the first step, gaseous formaldehyde was passed through the inner membrane to effect the acid‐catalyzed conversion of the Fmoc amino acids into the corresponding N‐Fmoc oxazolidinones. In the second step, liquid–liquid transfer of trifluoroacetic acid was used for the first time in such a reactor for the reductive opening of these oxazolidinones to give Fmoc N‐methylamino acids in high yields.
Long‐term seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridges under steel reinforcement corrosion due to chloride attack
Authors: Ou Yu‐Chen , Fan Hong‐Da , Nguyen Nguyen Dang 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis work presents a new seismic evaluation methodology for corroded reinforced concrete bridges on the basis of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride attack is considered. At the material level, the effects of corrosion are considered by modeling the degradation of the mechanical properties of steel reinforcement, softening of cover concrete under compression, degradation of core concrete due to confinement steel corrosion, and reduction of bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement. At the structural level, the effects of corrosion on both flexural behavior and shear behavior, and their interaction are considered. Eleven bridges of various structural types in Taiwan that are located within 6.5 km of their nearest coastline are analyzed to identify their long‐term seismic performance. Relationships between the yield and collapse peak ground accelerations (PGAs), and service time and corrosion level are established for each bridge. Analysis results show that chloride corrosion starts in 2–32 years. The transverse steel reinforcement typically starts corroding before the longitudinal steel reinforcement, as the former has a thicker cover. Research results show that collapse PGA reduces by 0.94% or 1.23% per 10 years when the mean value plus 1 or 2 standard deviation of the collapse PGA values are considered, respectively. Therefore, we suggest increasing the design PGA from 4.70% to 6.15% for a bridge adjacent to a coastline to ensure adequate long‐term seismic performance for 50 years, the typical design life span of a regular bridge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 emissions reduction technologies in IGCC: ELCOGAS's experiences in the field
Authors: Casero Pedro , Coca Pilar , García‐Peña Francisco , Hervás Natalia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces the main research, development and innovation (R&D&I) activities of ELCOGAS related to CO2 emissions reduction. The largest R&D&I investment in the last decade focused on CO2 capture, with the aim of (i) demonstrating the feasibility of CO2 capture and H2 production in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) that uses solid fossil fuels and residues as feedstock and (ii) obtaining representative economic data. Its main milestone was the commissioning in 2010 of a carbon capture pilot plant integrated in Puertollano IGCC power plant which captured 100 t/d of CO2 while producing 2 t/d of high purity H2, using proven and commercial technology. In this paper, technical results obtained, lessons learnt during the project, as well as, economic data using this pilot plant are reported. ELCOGAS is also acquiring relevant knowledge in the field of co‐gasification of biomass. The most recent milestone in this subject is the execution in 2012 of real tests at two levels (2 and 4% in weight) and with two different kinds of biomass (olive oil residue and grape seed meal) pointing at assessing the influence of biomass in the IGCC process including CO2 capture within FECUNDUS (RFCR‐CT‐2010–00009). ELCOGAS S.A. is a Spanish company which operates the Puertollano 335MWISO IGCC demonstration power plant. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
New approach for severe marine weather study using satellite passive microwave sensing
Authors: Zabolotskikh Elizaveta V. , Mitnik Leonid M. , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA methodology, based on model simulations and neural networks inversion, is proposed to jointly retrieve sea surface wind speed, sea surface temperature, atmospheric water vapor content, cloud liquid water content, and total atmospheric absorption at 10.65 GHz using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 measurements. In particular, estimation of the total atmospheric absorption at 10.65 GHz, which can be done with high accuracy due to the not so strong influence of liquid water and especially water vapor, helps to refine a new filter to considerably reduce masking ocean areas for severe weather systems, characterized by high wind speeds and moderate atmospheric absorption, appropriate for studying winter extratropical cyclone and polar low systems. A polar low case study has demonstrated significant improvement in the coverage of the ocean area available for geophysical retrievals: Only less than 1% of high wind speed pixels were masked comparatively to the 40–70% masking given by other methods.
Evolution of ice crystal regions on the microscale based on in situ observations
Authors: Diao Minghui , Zondlo Mark A. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Beaton Stuart P. , Rogers David C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMicrophysical properties of cirrus clouds largely influence their atmospheric radiative forcing. However, uncertainties remain in simulating/parameterizing the evolution of ice crystals. These uncertainties require more analyses in the Lagrangian view, yet most in situ observations are in the Eulerian view. Here we demonstrate a new method to separate out five phases of ice crystal evolution, using the horizontal spatial relationships between ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs) and ice crystal regions (ICRs). Based on global in situ data sets, we show that the samples of clear‐sky ISSRs, ice crystal formation/growth, and evaporation/sedimentation are ~20%, 10%, and 70% of the total ISSR + ICR samples, respectively. In addition, the variance of number‐weighted mean diameter (Dc) becomes narrower during the evolution, while the distribution of ice crystal number density (Nc) becomes wider. The new method helps to understand the evolution of ICRs and ISSRs on the microscale by using in situ Eulerian observations.
TIMING EFFECTS IN HEALTH VALUATIONS
Authors: Leiter Andrea M. , Pruckner Gerald J. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the impact of external sources of information, conveyed by the frequency of risky events that vary across time, on the individual willingness to pay (WTP) for a reduction of mortality risk. We collected data from a contingent valuation (CV) exercise conducted in two waves (fall and winter) to examine whether individual WTP varied across periods that differed in the predominance of fatal accidents. Risk valuations were based on fatal snow avalanche accidents, that is, a type of risk with seasonal differences in occurrence. We found slightly lower but statistically significant mean WTP figures in the winter than in the fall sample because of time‐varying individual risk attitudes and, therefore, recommend controlling for these factors in risk assessment CV surveys. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dads' Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO‐D)
Authors: Anderson Sheila , Roggman Lori A. , Innocenti Mark S. , Cook Gina A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntervention programs aiming to support fathers’ parenting skills with young children need a practical, but psychometrically sound, observational measure of fathers’ parenting interactions. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Parenting Interactions with Children—Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) measure for use with fathers, and to explore whether additional observational father‐behavior items derived from father research and theory would strengthen those psychometric properties. The 29 original PICCOLO items and 44 additional observable behavioral items of early positive father–infant interaction were tested for variability, reliability, and validity, using extant video observations of over 400 ethnically diverse, low‐income fathers. The final measure included 21 items, representing the four domains of positive parenting on the original PICCOLO measure: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. Items tested for a playfulness domain did not reach adequate psychometric standards. The final version of the PICCOLO for Dads (PICCOLO‐D) measure demonstrated good reliability and validity, including predictive associations with children's language, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes into prekindergarten. Findings indicate that the PICCOLO‐D is a psychometricall strong observational measure of early father–child interaction.
Striking a Positive Note with the PICCOLO
Authors: Chazan‐Cohen Rachel 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) fills a critical need for an easy‐to‐administer and easy‐to‐score measure of parenting that requires minimal training to administer. Despite wide agreement about the importance of parenting, few programs assess parenting behaviors; rather, there is a focus on child outcomes in curriculum planning, program improvement efforts, and accountability activities. In large part, this is due to the very few observational assessments of adult–child interactions that can be used without major investments of time and resources. Given the adage “what gets measured is treasured,” this leaves parenting out of many policy and practice discussions. The new PICCOLO measure has the potential to add to the growing arsenal that early childhood programs have to assess the children and families whom they serve. The measure can help programs to assess parenting strengths, plan effective interventions, and monitor the effectiveness of those interventions. The developers of the measure are to be applauded for their thoughtful approach to creating the items in the measure and to their careful examination of the measure's psychometric qualities.
Strike Up the Band, the PICCOLO Players have Arrived: A Commentary
Authors: Bradley Robert H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe PICCOLO represents a significant advance regarding measures of parenting behavior that are useful in real‐world settings. The developers wisely selected to construct the measure based on careful review of the scientific literature and on consultation with potential users. They followed time‐honored procedures for measurement development, including validation against child development outcomes. Versions of the PICCOLO were developed for use with fathers, and the instrument was field‐tested in Turkey and in childcare settings to deterime the potential breadth of the instrument's applicability. Although the evidence supporting these latter efforts is not strong, the evidence supporting the base PICCOLO measure suggests that it will have a high value for practitioners who work with high‐risk parents and their children.
Ecosystem metabolism and nutrient uptake in Peruvian headwater streams
Authors: Bott Thomas L. , Newbold J. Denis 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTStudies of algal biomass, ecosystem metabolism, nutrient uptake, and nitrification were conducted in Peruvian headwater streams in the Amazon River basin. These are the first assessments of stream functions in this region of the tropics and they also allow a preliminary assessment of functional responses to local watershed land use. Measures were made in two tributaries of the Rio Madre de Dios. Both had low gradient and primarily soft substrata but land use at one (Q. Concepción) was 2nd‐growth forest while at the other (Q. Abejitas) it was pasture. The third stream (designated Q. Tambopata), a tributary of the Rio Tambopata, had higher gradient, primarily hard substrata, and a watershed of undisturbed forest. Algal biomass in Q. Tambopata was four to eight times greater than in the other streams. Algal primary productivity (P) in all streams was low due to shade, relatively low nutrient concentrations, and colored water at Q. Concepción, but was approximately twofold greater in the pasture stream than in the forested streams. Ecosystem respiration (R) in the pasture stream was approximately three and eight times greater than in Q. Concepción and Q. Tambopata, respectively. The ammonium uptake velocity (Vf) was nearly identical in all three streams, despite differences in land use and streambed characteristics. Nitrification Vf was relatively low in all streams, but was lowest in the pasture stream. Phosphate uptake (Vf) in the two forest streams was relatively low, while phosphate uptake in the pasture stream was among the highest of reported values, but perhaps the result of chemical precipitation as well as biological uptake. Carbohydrate (glucose and arabinose) uptake (Vf) was higher in the pasture stream than in the forest streams. Metabolism and nutrient uptake rates in the forested streams were comparable to or lower than reported values for temperate streams. Most rates of function in the pasture stream were elevated when compared to the forested streams.
The quality and availability of fine particulate organic matter for collector species in headwater streams
Authors: Callisto Marcos , Graça Manuel A. S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFine particulate organic matter (FPOM) is abundant in rivers, but the quality and quantity of FPOM in low‐order streams have been investigated less frequently than the dynamics of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM). We (i) assessed the quantity and quality of FPOM in several low‐order mountain streams and the relationship between the quantity of FPOM and invertebrate abundance and (ii) evaluated the importance of microbial colonization to the growth of the FPOM consumer Chironomus riparius. FPOM availability ranged from 0.3 to 25.9 g ash‐free dry mass (AFDM)/m2 and was significantly higher during summer than during autumn. The density of invertebrates (10–13,500 individuals/m2) and FPOM were correlated (R = 0.74). Chironomids were the most abundant organisms in the depositional zones where FPOM accumulated. Typically, FPOM nitrogen content was <1%, C:N ranged from 21 to 30%, and lignin ranged from 44 to 66%. Nitrogen content was generally lower during the autumn than summer. The ergosterol content of the FPOM was significantly lower (18 µg/g AFDM) than that determined for leaves, from either water or soil. Chironomids fed with FPOM obtained from milled oak leaves, natural FPOM and sterile FPOM had 80, 45, and 0% emergence, respectively. We concluded that FPOM varies seasonally in quantity and quality in low‐order streams and is a poor food resource relative to CPOM. Microbial colonization of FPOM could be important for the trophic ecology of collector species in low‐order streams.
IDENTIFYING THE RESPONSE OF FERTILITY TO FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
Authors: Laroque Guy , Salanié Bernard 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWhile using financial incentives to increase fertility has become relatively common, the effects of such policies are difficult to assess. We propose an identification strategy that relies on the fact that the variation in wages induces variation in benefits and tax credits among ‘comparable’ households. We implement our approach by estimating a discrete‐choice model of female participation and fertility using individual data from the French Labor Force Survey and a detailed representation of the French tax–benefit system. Our results suggest that financial incentives have had a significant effect on fertility decisions in France. As an example, we simulate the effects of an additional, unconditional child credit of 150 euros per month. The effects are strongest for the third child. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproductive Cycle and Strategy of Anodonta anatina (L., 1758): Notes on Hermaphroditism
Authors: HINZMANN MARIANA , LOPES‐LIMA MANUEL , TEIXEIRA AMILCAR , VARANDAS SIMONE , SOUSA RONALDO , LOPES ANABELA , FROUFE ELSA , MACHADO JORGE 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFreshwater mussels have decreased dramatically in Iberia over the last decades. These animals are responsible for important ecosystem services such as recycling nutrients and improving water clarity. Under this view a better knowledge on the biological features of these animals is extremely important for future conservation and management actions. In this study the reproductive and gametogenic cycle of Anodonta anatina were studied during 2 years in one population as well as the sex ratio and hermaphroditism in six distinct populations, using standard histology. Gametogenesis was continuous in both sexes and germinal epithelium in early stages of development. Gametes were present throughout the reproductive cycle. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis occurred mainly between January and May. Larvae brooding occurred between September and March and main glochidia discharge occurred over a short period (2–3 weeks) in March. For the sex‐ratio and hermaphroditism assessments a variable number of individuals were collected from several populations from lakes and rivers. Previous studies described A. anatina as mainly dioecious with only a few populations presenting occasional hermaphroditism. However, the present study indicates that A. anatina sexual behavior is influenced by environmental conditions, being mainly dioecious in rivers with increased hermaphroditism in standing waters. Although self‐fertilization was not confirmed, additional studies with molecular characterization of larvae using fast evolving markers should be used in future studies to enlighten this process. Overall, this study indicates that for more efficient conservation actions and management plans, freshwater mussel reproductive biology should be studied at the population level mainly in the subfamily Anodontinae. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 378–390, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.