bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measure of microscopy mineral image clarity constructed using the sequentially combined toggle and top‐hat based contrast operator
Authors: Bai Xiangzhi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCorrectly and effectively quantifying the clarity of microscopy mineral image is important and useful to produce clear image for mineral analysis. To well quantify the clarity of mineral image, an effective measure constructed using the sequentially combined toggle and top‐hat based contrast operator is proposed in this article. First, the sequentially combined toggle and top‐hat based contrast operator is used to extract the effective features which represent the clarity of mineral image. Second, the multiscale clarity features corresponding to each scale are extracted. Finally, after combining the multiscale clarity features in one feature image, the mean value of the feature image is constructed as the measure of mineral image clarity. Because the sequentially combined toggle and top‐hat based contrast operator could effectively extract the clarity features, the clarity features are directly used as the measure of image clarity. Therefore, the proposed measure is effective and reasonable. The experimental results on different types of microscopy mineral images verified the effective performance of the proposed measure. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:811–817, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity of spine density in pyramidal neurons of isocortex of mongoose, Herpestes edwardsii (É. Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire 1818)
Authors: Srivastava U.C. , Singh Sippy , Chauhan Prashant 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of pyramidal neurons within six layers of Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) isocortex have been investigated using Golgi and Cresyl‐Violet methods. Pyramidal neurons and the cytoarchitecture of isocortex of mongoose were photographed with the help of computer aided Nikon eclipse 80i microscope whereas the lucida drawings were made by simple light microscope equipped with camera lucida. The cortical neurons exhibit marked regional differences in phenotype. The differences occur in morphology and distribution of spines within the cortical neurons not only among different species but also within an animal's brain. The present investigation aims at studying the features of pyramidal neurons and to find out the differences if any in distribution of spines in different layers (II–VI) as well as regions (Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, and Occipital) of isocortex of mongoose, which will provide information regarding importance of different layer and region. This piece of work embarks the findings that spine density shows inter‐regional as well as interlaminar variations within isocortex of mongoose indicating that pyramidal cells present in varied layer and region are not equally functional and there do exists differences in activity among layers and regions. Among regions, the Temporal region possessing highest spine density contributes more toward functioning of mongoose isocortex and might play significant role in predatory nature of mongoose because this region in mammals is associated with auditory, visual perception, and object recognition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:818–828, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine structure of the ommatidia of the short‐faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae)
Authors: Chen Qingxiao , Wei Yao , Hua Baozhen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe fine structure of the ommatidia in males of the short‐faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The result shows that the compound eyes of male P. kuandianensis are of the apposition type, consisting of over 1700 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of a laminated cornea, a eucone crystalline cone, eight retinula cells, a pair of primary pigment cells, and a group of 16 secondary pigment cells. Along the optical axis of the ommatidium, seven elongated retinula cells contribute their rhabdomeres to a centrally fused rhabdom, which is in tight contact with the proximal end of the crystalline cone, but smaller than the cone end in diameter. The eighth retinula cell is located above the basal lamina and only contributes its rhabdomere to the proximal part of the rhabdom. The microvilli of the rhabdom show an orthogonally‐arranged orientation. The ommatidia of Panorpodidae are more similar to those of Panorpidae than Bittacidae in structure, adding weight to the view that the sister group of Panorpodidae is Panorpidae rather than Bittacidae. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:862–869, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Oxygen Intermediates in the Retention Time of Diacetyl Adaptation in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nishino Asuka , Kanno Ryo , Matsuura Tetsuya 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTContinuous presentation of the odorant diacetyl to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans causes a decrease in the level of chemotactic response to diacetyl. This decline in response is caused by diacetyl adaptation. When wild‐type nematodes were maintained at 15°C after pre‐exposure to diacetyl, diacetyl adaptation did not continue up to 2 hr. Adaptation continued up to 6 hr in nematodes bred at 20°C, and it continued beyond 12 hr in nematodes bred at 25°C. These results indicate that the retention time of diacetyl adaptation is dependent on the environmental breeding temperature and suggest that moderate oxygen signals are required for maintaining the attenuated response to diacetyl because of the correlation between breeding temperature and production of oxygen intermediates. When isp‐1 and clk‐1 mutants, which show reduced rates of oxygen intermediate production, were maintained at 20 and 25°C after pre‐exposure to diacetyl, the mutants showed a shorter retention time of diacetyl adaptation compared with that of wild‐type nematodes. When gas‐1 and mev‐1 mutants, which have a hypersensitive response to oxidative stress, were maintained at 15 and 20°C, they showed a longer retention time of adaptation, that is, adaptation continued beyond 2 and 12 hr, respectively. When wild‐type nematodes were maintained on plates that included 0.05% α‐lipoic acid, which suppresses production of oxygen intermediates, the retention time of adaptation did not continue up to 6 hr in nematodes bred at 20°C and up to 12 hr in nematodes bred at 25°C. These results support the possibility that oxygen intermediates contribute to retention time for diacetyl adaptation in the nematode C. elegans. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 431–439, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of muscle function and bone strain in the hindlimb of the river cooter turtle (Pseudemys concinna)
Authors: Aiello Brett R. , Blob Richard W. , Butcher Michael T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDuring terrestrial locomotion, limb muscles must generate mechanical work and stabilize joints against the ground reaction force. These demands can require high force production that imposes substantial loads on limb bones. To better understand how muscle contractile function influences patterns of bone loading in terrestrial locomotion, and refine force platform equilibrium models used to estimate limb bone safety factors, we correlated in vivo recordings of femoral strain with muscle activation and strain in a major propulsive hindlimb muscle, flexor tibialis internus (FTI), of a species with a published model of hindlimb force production (river cooter turtles,Pseudemys concinna). Electromyography (EMG) recordings indicate FTI activity prior to footfall that continues through approximately 50% of the stance phase. Large EMG bursts occur just after footfall when the muscle has reached its maximum length and is beginning to actively shorten, concurrent with increasing compressive strain on the anterior femur. The FTI muscle shortens through 35% of stance, with mean fascicle shortening strains reaching 14.0 ± 5.4% resting length (L0). At the time of peak compressive strains on the femur, the muscle fascicles remain active, but fascicles typically lengthen until mid‐stance as the knee extends. Influenced by the activity of the dorsal knee extensor femorotibialis, the FTI muscle continues to passively lengthen simultaneously with knee extension and a shift to tensile axial strain on the anterior femur at approximately 40% of stance. The near coincidence in timing of peak compressive bone strain and peak muscle shortening (5.4 ± 4.1% stance) indicates a close correlation between the action of the hip extensor/knee flexor, FTI, and femoral loading in the cooter hindlimb. In the context of equilibrium models of limb bone loading, these results may help explain differences in safety factor estimates observed between previous force platform and in vivo strain analyses in cooters. J. Morphol. 274:1060–1069, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of fasting on human brain acid‐base homeostasis using natural abundance 13C and 31P MRS
Authors: Sailasuta Napapon , Harris Kent C. , Tran Thao T. , Abulseoud Osama , Ross Brian D. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo use 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 31P MRS to develop a direct assay for regional [HCO3−] in the human brain and to define brain pH and physiological response of [HCO3−] to fasting.Materials and MethodsSeven healthy subjects underwent MRS examinations on a 1.5T MRI scanner. Subjects were well fed with repeated examinations performed after 4 and 12 hours of fasting. Proton noise decoupling 13C MRS were acquired using pulse and acquired acquisition while 31P MRS were acquired using a 2D chemical shift imaging method with relaxation time (TR) of 2 seconds.ResultsFasting brain bicarbonate concentrations (6.7 ± 2.5 mM for 12‐hour fasting, P = 0.002 and 8.3 ± 2.1 mM for 4‐hour fasting, P = 0.015) are significantly reduced compared to fed state (11.6 ± 1.3 mM). However, no significant difference in brain pH was observed, confirming the critical role of pCO2 in intracerebral pH homeostasis.ConclusionWe demonstrated that the intracellular HCO3− in human brain is readily modified by diet but appears to have no measurable effect on cerebral pH. Natural abundance 13C can provide useful information relevant to human brain pH homeostasis by providing information for HCO3−. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:398–401. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of three dynamical urban climate downscaling methods: Brussels's future urban heat island under an A1B emission scenario
Authors: Hamdi R. , Van de Vyver H. , De Troch R. , Termonia P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA new high‐resolution dynamical downscaling strategy to examine how rural and urban areas respond to change in future climate, is presented. The regional climate simulations have been performed with a new version of the limited‐area model of the ARPEGE‐IFS system running at 4 km resolution coupled with the Town Energy Balance (TEB) scheme. To downscale further the regional climate projections to a urban scale, at 1‐km resolution, a stand‐alone surface scheme is employed in offline mode. We performed downscaling simulations according to three model set‐ups: (1) reference run, where TEB is not activated neither in 4 km simulations nor in 1 km urban simulation, (2) offline run, where TEB is activated only for 1 km urban simulation and (3) inline run, where TEB is activated both for regional and urban simulations. The applicability of this method is demonstrated for Brussels Capital Region, Belgium. For present climate conditions, another set of simulations were performed using European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts global reanalysis ERA40 data. Results from our simulations indicate that the reference and offline runs have comparable values of daytime and nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) and lower values than the inline run. The inline values are closer to observations. In the future climate, under and A1B emission scenario, the three downscaling methods project a decrease of daytime UHI between −0.24 and −0.20 °C, however, their responses are different for nocturnal UHI: (1) reference run values remains unaltered, (2) for the offline runs, the frequency of present climate weak nocturnal UHI decreases to the benefit of negative UHIs leading to a significant decrease in the nocturnal UHI over the city and (3) for the inline run, nocturnal UHIs stays always positive but the frequency of the strong UHI decreases significantly in the future by 1 °C. The physical explanation is put forth. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
An Emerging Functional Natural Silk Biomaterial from the only Domesticated Non‐mulberry Silkworm Samia ricini
Authors: Pal Shilpa , Kundu Joydip , Talukdar Sarmistha , Thomas Tintu , Kundu Subhas C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMulberry silk fibroin is a widely used biomaterial and recent work on non‐mulberry silk fibroin also suggests it may have similar uses. We expect silk fibroin from the only domesticated non‐mulberry eri silkworm, Samia ricini, to possess useful properties as a biomaterial. Eri silk gland fibroin is a heterodimeric protein of approximately 450 kDa. Cytocompatibility evaluation with fibroblasts and osteoblast‐like cells shows good cell attachment, viability and proliferation. The matrices, which have high thermal stability and good swellability, are also haemocompatible. Eri silk production is cost effective as no agronomic practices are required for their host plant cultivation. This fibroin provide new opportunities as an alternative natural functional biomaterial in various biomedical applications.
A medication diary‐book for pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Indonesia
Authors: Sitaresmi Mei N. , Mostert Saskia , Gundy Chad M. , Ismail Djauhar , Veerman Anjo J.P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEvent‐free survival of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia was low (20%). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a medication diary‐book on the treatment outcome of childhood ALL.ProcedureA randomized study was conducted with 109 pediatric patients with ALL in a pediatric oncology center in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Both intervention and control groups received a structured parental education program and donated chemotherapy. The intervention group received a medication diary‐book to remind parents and families to take oral chemotherapy and present for scheduled appointments or admissions. Event‐free survival estimate (EFS) at 3 years was assessed.ResultsAmong pediatric patients with ALL with highly educated mothers (senior high school or higher), the EFS‐estimate at 3 years of the intervention group was significantly higher than the EFS‐estimate at 3 years of the control group (62% vs. 29%, P = 0.04). Among pediatric patients with ALL with low‐educated mothers, no significant difference was found in the EFS‐estimates at 3 years between the intervention and control group (26% vs. 18%, P = 0.86).ConclusionsWe conclude that a medication diary‐book might be useful to improve the survival of pediatric patients with ALL in resource‐limited settings, particularly in patients with highly educated mothers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1593–1597. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial and ethnic differences in hospice enrollment among children with cancer
Authors: Thienprayoon Rachel , Lee Simon Craddock , Leonard David , Winick Naomi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHospice is an important provider of end of life care. Adult minorities are less likely to enroll on hospice; little is known regarding the prevalence of pediatric hospice use or the characteristics of its users. Our primary objective was to determine whether race/ethnicity was associated with hospice enrollment in children with cancer. We hypothesized that minority (Latino) race/ethnicity is negatively associated with hospice enrollment in children with cancer.ProcedureIn this single‐center retrospective cohort study, inclusion criteria were patients who died of cancer or stem cell transplant between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. The primary outcome variable was hospice enrollment and primary predictor was race/ethnicity.ResultsOf the 202 patients initially identified, 114 met inclusion criteria, of whom 95 were enrolled on hospice. Patient race/ethnicity was significantly associated with hospice enrollment (P = 0.02), the association remained significant (P = 0.024) after controlling for payor status (P = 0.995), patient diagnosis (P = 0.007), or religion (P = 0.921). Latinos enrolled on hospice significantly more often than patients of other races. Despite initial enrollment on hospice however, 34% of Latinos and 50% of non‐Latinos had withdrawn from hospice at the time of death (P = 0.10). Race/ethnicity was not significantly associated with dying on hospice.ConclusionsThese results indicate that race/ethnicity and diagnosis are likely to play a role in hospice enrollment during childhood. A striking number of patients of all race/ethnicities left hospice prior to death. More studies describing the impact of culture on end of life decision‐making and the hospice experience in childhood are warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1662–1666. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma Profiling Mass Spectrometry (PPMS)
Authors: Nehm Rainer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Plasma Profiling Mass Spectrometry (PPMS) ist eine neue Methode zur Charakterisierung von Oberflächen und Schichten. Dank der RF‐Anregung der abtragenden Glimmlampe können sowohl leitende als auch nicht leitende Materialien analysiert werden. Durch der Kopplung mit der Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie wird das gesamte Massenspektrum simultan erfasst. Sie liefert damit Element‐, Isotopen‐ und im Fall von organischen Schichten auch wertvolle Molekülinformationen. Retroperspektivische Analysen sind jederzeit möglich. Durch die Trennung des Flugzeitmassenspektrometers von der abtragenden Quelle kann ein Probenwechsel innerhalb von wenigen Minuten durchgeführt werden. In Abhängigkeit von den Materialeigenschaften erfolgt die Analyse der Schichten innerhalb von Sekunden bis Minuten. Damit eignet sich diese Methode nicht nur für viele Fragestellungen im Oberflächenlabor, sondern auch sehr gut zur produktionsbegleitenden Kontrolle in der Industrie.
Lager wie geschmiert
Authors: Haupt Michael , Bergrath Beate , Barz Jakob , Oehr Christian , Wemhöner Jens 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOhne Wälz‐ oder Kugellager liefe in Maschinen und Motoren nichts. Durch Reibung und Verschleiß gehen in jedem Lager jedoch sowohl Energie als auch Material unwiederbringlich verloren. Abfüllanlagen, Verpackungsmaschinen und Werkzeugmaschinen funktionieren mit solchen Kugellagern ebenso wie Getriebe und Motoren von Haushaltsgeräten, Pumpen, Autos, Flugzeugen und Schiffen. Um Reibung und Verschleiß in den Lagern möglichst gering zu halten, werden sie vielfach mit Ölen oder Fetten geschmiert. Dennoch wird ein Teil der Bewegungsenergie der Lager in Wärme umgewandelt und geht so verloren. Zudem tragen Abrieb und Korrosion zum Verschleiß der Materialoberflächen bei.Bessere Reibeigenschaften zeigen Lager der Firma Cerobear, deren Oberfläche am Fraunhofer‐Institut für Grenzflächen‐ und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB mittels der nanodyn®‐Plasmatechnik modifiziert wurde: Die Reibung der beschichteten Lager ist um mehr als 50 Prozent gegenüber einem unbeschichteten Lager reduziert. Zudem korrodieren die beschichteten Lager weniger und lassen sich besser reinigen. Dadurch kann ein deutlicher Beitrag zur Ressourcenschonung in Deutschland durch effiziente Produktionen geleistet werden.Im Verbundprojekt nanodyn® hat das Fraunhofer IGB gemeinsam mit Partnern aus Wirtschaft und Forschung eine Plasma‐Oberflächenbeschichtung entwickelt, die durch mikro‐ und nanostrukturierte Oberflächen das Benetzungsverhalten von Oberflächen gegenüber Schmierstoffen, Wasser und Reinigungsmitteln gezielt verändert und so Reibung, Verschleiß und Korrosion beträchtlich vermindert.
Limberg Flap Versus Bascom Cleft Lift Techniques for Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus: Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Guner Ali , Boz Aydin , Ozkan Omer Faruk , Ileli Omer , Kece Can , Reis Erhan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough various methods have been described for surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus disease, which is best is under debate. Tension‐free techniques seem to be most ideal. We aimed to evaluate the effects of two tension‐free methods in terms of patient satisfaction, postoperative complications, and early recurrence.MethodsA group of 122 patients were prospectively included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the operative method used: Limberg flap or Bascom cleft lift. Quality of life scores, pain scores, length of time for healing, hospital stay, surgical area‐related complications, excised tissue weight, and early recurrence information were evaluated.ResultsFollow‐up of patients in each group was completed. Patients in the Bascom cleft lift group had shorter operation duration, less excised tissue weight, better bodily pain score, and less role limitation due to physical problems score on postoperative day 10. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for the other criteria.ConclusionsAlthough both techniques provided good results during the early period, the Bascom cleft lift procedure is a reliable technique that provides shorter operation duration and better quality of life during the early postoperative period.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium by Linseed Oil‐Based Imidazoline
Authors: Chen Y. , Jiang Y. Y. , Chen H. , Zhang Z. , Zhang J. Q. , Cao C. N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new kind of corrosion inhibitor (LOBI) based on linseed oil has been synthesized. The molecular structure of LOBI was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Its inhibiting behavior on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was studied by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results reveal that LOBI was a good mixed‐type inhibitor. The adsorption of LOBI at 40 °C obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The N(1s) and S(2p) peaks of XPS measurement indicate that LOBI has been adsorbed onto a Q235 steel surface. The adsorption equilibrium constant, adsorption free energy and activation energy were also calculated, which indicated the adsorption of LOBI was chemisorption.
A characterization of topologically completely positive entropy for shifts of finite type
Authors: PAVLOV RONNIE 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA topological dynamical system was defined by Blanchard [Fully Positive Topological Entropy and Topological Mixing (Symbolic Dynamics and Applications (in honor of R. L. Adler), 135). American Mathematical Society Contemporary Mathematics, Providence, RI, 1992, pp. 95–105] to have topologically completely positive entropy (or TCPE) if its only zero entropy factor is the dynamical system consisting of a single fixed point. For ${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $ shifts of finite type, we give a simple condition equivalent to having TCPE. We use our characterization to derive a similar equivalent condition to TCPE for the subclass of ${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $ group shifts, which was proved by Lind and Schmidt in the abelian case [Homoclinic points of algebraic ${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $-actions. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 12(4) (1999), 953–980] and by Boyle and Schraudner in the general case [${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $ group shifts and Bernoulli factors. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 28(2) (2008), 367–387]. We also give an example of a ${ \mathbb{Z} }^{2} $ shift of finite type which has TCPE but is not even topologically transitive, and prove a result about block gluing ${ \mathbb{Z} }^{d} $ SFTs motivated by our characterization of TCPE.