bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Method for Quantitation of Soybean Lectin in Commercial Varieties
Authors: Breeze Matthew L. , Leyva‐Guerrero Elisa , Yeaman Grant R. , Dudin Yelena , Akel Ryan , Brune Phil , Claussen Fred , Dharmasri Cecil , Golbach Jenny , Guo Rong , Maxwell Carl , Privalle Laura , Rogers Hilary , Liu Kai , Shan Guomin , Yarnall Michele , Thiede Denise , Gillikin Nancy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoybean agglutinin (SBA) protein, also known as soybean lectin, is regarded as an anti‐nutrient due to its negative effect on the ability of monogastric animals to gain weight following consumption of raw soybean seed. Historically, SBA has been measured using a time‐consuming and cumbersome hemagglutination procedure. The objective of our research was to obtain a validated methodology that is precise and accurate in the measurement of SBA while allowing minimally equipped laboratories to effectively conduct the analysis, thus our focus was on evaluating an existing commercially available ELISA, an enzyme‐linked‐lectin‐assay (ELLA), and a hybrid ELISA/ELLA. A new ELLA technique that can detect and quantify lectins was chosen and modified specifically for the quantitation of SBA in soybean seed. The proposed ELLA methodology is similar to a standard sandwich ELISA, and uses polyacrylamide‐linked N‐acetylgalactosamine (Gal–NAc–PAA) for a capture phase and the biotinylated version (Gal–NAc–PAA–Biotin) for detection. Based upon the validation data, the ELLA method can precisely and accurately determine soybean lectin levels in soybean seed. The validated ELLA method was used to quantify SBA in nine commercial soybean varieties introduced between 1972 and 2008 and demonstrated that the natural variability of SBA is subject to the effects of genotype and environment.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Lipids in Bilberry
Authors: Jumaah Firas , Sandahl Margareta , Turner Charlotta 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method has been developed for the extraction of lipids in bilberry. Experimental design was used to optimize pressure, temperature and extraction time using CO2 as solvent. Best SFE condition for total lipids was 450 bar, 60 °C and 45 min. The SFE method was compared to conventional Bligh & Dyer (B&D) extraction. The amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was found to be 4.84 ± 0.06 mg and 4.564 ± 0.003 mg per g of the freeze‐dried bilberry sample for the developed SFE and B&D methods, respectively, while the amount of total lipids was found to be 54.40 ± 6.06 mg and 65.70 ± 0.67 mg per g of sample for SFE and B&D, respectively. This discrepancy between FAME and total lipids could be explained by the presence of wax esters, sterol esters, carotenoids and phospholipids, as determined by supercritical fluid chromatography.
The log behaviour of the Reynolds shear stress in accelerating turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Araya Guillermo , Castillo Luciano , Hussain Fazle 
Published: July 2015

Direct numerical simulation of highly accelerated turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) reveals that the Reynolds shear stress,$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$, monotonically decreases downstream and exhibits a logarithmic behaviour (e.g. $-\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}=-(1/A_{uv})\ln y^{+}+B_{uv}$) in the mesolayer region (e.g. $50\leqslant y^{+}\leqslant 170$). The thickness of the log layer of$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$increases with the streamwise distance and with the pressure gradient strength, extending over a large portion of the TBL thickness (up to 55 %). Simulations reveal that$V^{+}\,\partial U^{+}/\partial y^{+}\sim 1/y^{+}\sim \partial \overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}/\partial y^{+}$, resulting in a logarithmic$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$profile. Also,$V^{+}\sim -y^{+}$is no longer negligible as in zero-pressure-gradient (ZPG) flows. Other experimental/numerical data at similar favourable-pressure-gradient (FPG) strengths also show the presence of a log region in$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$. This log region in$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$is larger in sink flows than in other spatially developing FPG flows. The latter flows exhibit the presence of a small power-law region in$\overline{u^{\prime }v^{\prime }}^{+}$, which is non-existent in sink flows.
Power, Agency, Relationality and Welfare Practice
Authors: DOBSON RACHAEL 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article argues that constructions of social phenomena in social policy and welfare scholarship think about the subjects and objects of welfare practice in essentialising ways, with negativistic effects for practitioners working in ‘regulatory’ contexts such as housing and homelessness practice. It builds into debates about power, agency, social policy and welfare by bringing psychosocial and feminist theorisations of relationality to practice research. It claims that relational approaches provide a starting point for the analysis of empirical practice data, by working through the relationship between the individual and the social via an ontological unpicking and revisioning of practitioners' social worlds.
Design and control of cooperative ball juggling DELTA robots without visual guidance
Authors: Shareef Zeeshan , Just Viktor , Teichrieb Heinrich , Trächtler Ansgar 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYCooperative ball juggling is one of the most difficult tasks when performed through autonomous robots. States of the ball (position and velocity) play a vital role for the stability and duration of a long rally. Cameras are normally used in ball juggling to calculate these parameters, the use of which is not only computationally expensive but also requires a lot of hardware to determine. In this paper, we propose a control loop for cooperative ball juggling using parallel DELTA robots without visual guidance. In contrast to using a visual system for ball states feedback, an observer based on the reflection laws is designed to calculate the continuous position and velocity of the ball during juggling. Besides the conventional controller blocks, the proposed control loop consists of the ball prediction and the plate striking movement generation blocks. Two controllers are designed for the stability and tracking of variable reference height of the ball during juggling: One controller calculates the velocity of the striking plate to achieve the reference height of the ball during juggling and the second controls the actuator angles. A simulation study and hardware experiments show applicability of the designed observer and validation of the proposed control loop.
Care Ideals in the Netherlands: Shifts between 2002 and 2011
Authors: van den Broek Thijs , Dykstra Pearl A. , van der Veen Romke J. 
Published: July 2015

RÉSUMÉLa prémisse de notre étude était que les croyances au sujet des soins normatives peuvent éclairer le débat actuel sur la politique de soins. Nous avons réalisé des analyses impliquant la régression de classe latente sur deux vagues de données (n=4 163) de la Netherlands Kinship Panel Study parenté pour distinguer les idéaux pour les soins qui ont capturé simultanément des dimensions multiples de croyances de soins normatifs. Nous avons également évalué comment ces idéaux en matière de soins ont changé au début du 21ièmesiècle. Nous avons distingué quatre idéaux pour les soins: chauds-modernes (la famille et l'État conjointement responsables de soins, rôles égalitaires des sexes); froids-modernes (grande responsabilité de l'État, responsabilité de la famille restreinte, rôles égalitaires des sexes); traditionnels (responsabilité limitée de l'État, grande responsabilité de la famille, rôles des sexes modérément traditionnels); et froids-traditionnels (grande responsabilité de l'État, responsabilité de la famille restreinte, rôles des sexes traditionnels). De 2002 à 2011 il y a eu un éloignement des idéaux de soins chauds-modernes envers les idéaux de soins froids-modernes. Ceci est remarquable, parce que les décideurs néerlandais ont de plus en plus encouragé les membres de famille à prendre un rôle actif dans les soins aux parents dépendants.
Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997–2013
Authors: KHISMATULLINA N. A. , KARIMOV M. M. , KHAERTYNOV K. S. , SHURALEV E. A. , MORZUNOV S. P. , KHAERTYNOVA I. M. , IVANOV A. A. , MILOVA I. V. , KHAKIMZYANOVA M. B. , SAYFULLINA G. SH. , GAYNULLIN A. A. , IVANOV A. V. , RIZVANOV A. A. , KHAIBOULLINA S. F. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYThis report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997–2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3–5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank voleMyodes glareolusnot only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species.
Prenatal diagnosis of CHDs: a simple ultrasound prediction model to estimate the probability of the need for neonatal cardiac invasive therapy
Authors: Marantz Pablo , Grinenco Sofía , Pestchanker Fabio , Meller César H. , Izbizky Gustavo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a prediction model based on echocardiographic findings to estimate the probability of the need for neonatal cardiac invasive therapy, including cardiac surgery or catheter-based therapy, in foetuses with CHD.MethodsRetrospective cohort study: a prediction model was developed based on echocardiographic findings on the examination of thefour-chamber, thethree-vessel, and thethree-vessel and tracheal views.We assessed performance using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic.ResultsAmong 291 patients with prenatal diagnosis of CHD and complete follow-up, 175 (60.1%) required neonatal cardiac invasive therapy. The variables “functionally single ventricle”, “great artery reverse flow”, and “congenital heart block” had a discrimination value of 100% and were excluded from the model. In univariate and multivariate analysis, “non-visualisation of a great vessel”, “asymmetry of the great vessels”, “visualisation of one atrioventricular valve”, and “ventricular asymmetry” were significantly associated with the need for neonatal cardiac invasive therapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9324 (95% CI 0.92–0.97).ConclusionsA prediction model based on echocardiographic findings in foetuses with CHD, even without a definite diagnosis, allows an accurate estimation of the probability of requiring neonatal cardiac invasive therapy. This can modify patient care, especially in regions where a Foetal Medicine Specialist or a Paediatric Cardiologist is not available and referral may be extremely difficult due to social and economic barriers.
Prevalence of ophthalmological abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Vilela Manuel A. P. , Sbruzzi Graciele , Pellanda Lucia C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCHDs form a complex and heterogeneous group of clinical entities, with high morbidity and mortality. With the advancement of surgical and invasive techniques and clinical treatment, the survival of these patients has increased significantly, and there are reports of a high prevalence of ocular abnormalities in this group. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ocular findings in children and adolescents diagnosed with CHD.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL, in addition to a manual search on studies published on the patient, from inception until August, 2014. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHDs were included.ResultsOf the 2413 articles identified, eight were included, comprising a total of 1061 patients. Among them, the lowest and highest prevalences observed were 6.3 and 65%, respectively. The weighted average prevalence of ocular abnormalities was 32.5% (CI95% 19.3–49.3). Strabismus, cataracts, and retinopathy were the most frequently observed alterations.ConclusionThe prevalence of ocular abnormalities in children and adolescents with CHDs was 32.5%, demonstrating that ocular consequences are not uncommon in this population and may have relevant clinical impact. These results reinforce the need for ophthalmological evaluation of patients with CHDs.
Outpatient echocardiography in the evaluation of innocent murmurs in children: utilisation benchmarking
Authors: Frias Patricio A. , Oster Matthew , Daley Patricia A. , Boris Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to benchmark the utilisation of echocardiography in the outpatient evaluation of heart murmurs by evaluating two large paediatric cardiology centres.BackgroundAlthough criteria exist for appropriate use of echocardiography, there are no benchmarking data demonstrating its utilisation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of outpatients aged between 0 and 18 years at the Sibley Heart Center Cardiology and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiology, given a sole diagnosis of “innocent murmur” from 1 July, 2007 to 31 October, 2010. Using internal claims data, we compared the utilisation of echocardiography according to centre, patient age, and physician years of service.ResultsOf 23,114 eligible patients (Sibley Heart Center Cardiology: 12,815, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiology: 10,299), 43.1% (Sibley Heart Center Cardiology: 45.2%, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiology: 40.4%; p<0.001) underwent echocardiography. There was wide variability in the utilisation of echocardiography by individual physicians at both centres (Sibley Heart Center Cardiology 18.3–85.5%, median 45.4%; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Cardiology 13.9–81.8%, median 34.7%, p=0.45). Children in their first month of life represented the group with highest utilisation of echocardiography (62.3%), whereas children aged >1–5 years had the lowest utilisation (32.7%).ConclusionsIn two large paediatric cardiology practices, the overall utilisation of echocardiography by physicians with a sole diagnosis of innocent murmur was similar. There was significant and similar variability in utilisation by provider at both centres. Although these data serve as initial benchmarking, the variability in utilisation highlights the importance of appropriate use criteria.
Effect of steroids on inflammatory markers and clinical parameters in congenital open heart surgery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Amanullah Muhammad M. , Hamid Mohammad , Hanif Hashim M. , Muzaffar Marium , Siddiqui Maria T. , Adhi Fatima , Ahmad Khabir , Khan Shahjahan , Hasan Zahra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary bypass is associated with systemic inflammatory response. Steroids suppress this response, although the therapeutic evidence remains controversial. We hypothesised that intravenous steroids in children undergoing open-heart surgery would decrease inflammation leading to better early post-operative outcomes. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the trends in the levels of immunomodulators and their effects on clinical parameters.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of intravenous steroids on early post-operative inflammatory markers and clinical parameters in children undergoing open-heart surgery.Materials and methodsA randomised controlled trial involving 152 patients, from one month up to 18 years of age, who underwent open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease from April 2010–2012 was carried out. Patients were randomised and administered either three scheduled intravenous pulse doses of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or placebo. Blood samples were drawn at four time intervals and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines – Interleukin-6, 8, 10, 18, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha – were measured. Clinical parameters were also assessed.ResultsBlood cytokine levels were compared between the dexamethasone (n=65) and placebo (n=64) groups. Interleukin-6 levels were lower at 6 and 24 hours post-operatively (p<0.001), and Interleukin-10 levels were higher 6 hours post-operatively (p<0.001) in the steroid group. Interleukin-8, 18, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels did not differ between the groups at any time intervals. The clinical parameters were similar in both the groups.ConclusionDexamethasone caused quantitative suppression of Interleukin-6 and increased Interleukin-10 activation, contributing to reduced immunopathology, but it did not translate into clinical benefit in the short term.
Prevention in practice: Teaching IHL in US legal academia
Authors: Jastram Kate , Quintin Anne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper assesses the evolution of teaching international humanitarian law (IHL) in law schools in the United States since 2007, analyzes progress made in overcoming challenges to more effective integration of IHL content in law school curricula, and provides a measure of the contribution of promotional initiatives and strategies undertaken by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to this effort. The findings and recommendations should serve to support law faculty and law schools in the US and elsewhere, as well as the ICRC, in expanding opportunities for teaching and scholarship, and in encouraging law students and professors to pursue their interest in this field.
A Novel, Stable, Estradiol-Stimulating, Osteogenic Yam Protein with Potential for the Treatment of Menopausal Syndrome
Authors: Lok Wong Kam , Ming Lai Yau , Li Ka Wan , Fai Lee Kai , Ng Tzi Bun , Pan Cheung Ho , Bo Zhang Yan , Lao Lixing , Ngok-Shun Wong Ricky , Chui Shaw Pang , Ho Wong Jack , Zhang Zhang-Jin , Lam Jenny Ka Wing , Ye Wen-cai , Wing Sze Stephen Cho 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel protein, designated as DOI, isolated from the Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) could be the first protein drug for the treatment of menopausal syndrome and an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which is known to have undesirable side effects. DOI is an acid- and thermo-stable protein with a distinctive N-terminal sequence Gly-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ile-Thr-Thr-Tyr-Trp-Gly-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Asp-Glu-Pro-Ser-Leu-Thr-Glu. DOI was found to stimulate estradiol biosynthesis in rat ovarian granulosa cells; induce estradiol and progesterone secretion in 16- to 18-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats by upregulating expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and ovarian aromatase; counteract the progression of osteoporosis and augment bone mineral density; and improve cognitive functioning by upregulating protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, DOI did not stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells, which suggest it could be a more efficacious and safer alternative to HRT.
Hydroprocessing of Jatropha Oil for Production of Green Diesel over Non-sulfided Ni-PTA/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Jing , Lei Jiandu , He Jing , Deng Lihong , Wang Luying , Fan Kai , Rong Long 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe non-sulfided Ni-PTA/Al2O3 catalyst was developed to produce green diesel from the hydroprocessing of Jatropha oil. The Ni-PTA/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by one-pot synthesis of Ni/Al2O3 with the co-precipitation method and then impregnanting Ni/Al2O3 with PTA solution. The catalysts were characterized with BET, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, TGA and NH3-TPD. The Ni and W species of the Ni-PTA/Al2O3 catalyst were much more homogeneously distributed on the surface than that of commercial Al2O3. Catalytic performance in the hydroprocessing of Jatropha oil was evaluated by GC. The maximum conversion of Jatropha oil (98.5 wt%) and selectivity of the C15-C18 alkanes fraction (84.5 wt %) occurred at 360 °C, 3.0 MPa, 0.8 h−1. The non-sulfided Ni-PTA/Al2O3 catalyst is more environmentally friendly than the conventional sulfided hydroprocessing catalyst and it exhibited the highest catalytic activity than the Ni-PTA catalyst supported with commercial Al2O3 grain and Al2O3 powder.
Meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Nordahl Petersen Thomas , Rasmussen Simon , Hasman Henrik , Carøe Christian , Bælum Jacob , Charlotte Schultz Anna , Bergmark Lasse , Svendsen Christina A. , Lund Ole , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Aarestrup Frank M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman populations worldwide are increasingly confronted with infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance spreading faster and appearing more frequently. Knowledge regarding their occurrence and worldwide transmission is important to control outbreaks and prevent epidemics. Here, we performed shotgun sequencing of toilet waste from 18 international airplanes arriving in Copenhagen, Denmark, from nine cities in three world regions. An average of 18.6 Gb (14.8 to 25.7 Gb) of raw Illumina paired end sequence data was generated, cleaned, trimmed and mapped against reference sequence databases for bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes. An average of 106,839 (0.06%) reads were assigned to resistance genes with genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, macrolide and beta-lactam resistance genes as the most abundant in all samples. We found significantly higher abundance and diversity of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, including critical important resistance (e.g. blaCTX-M) carried on airplanes from South Asia compared to North America. Presence of Salmonella enterica and norovirus were also detected in higher amounts from South Asia, whereas Clostridium difficile was most abundant in samples from North America. Our study provides a first step towards a potential novel strategy for global surveillance enabling simultaneous detection of multiple human health threatening genetic elements, infectious agents and resistance genes.
Photoacoustic image patterns of breast carcinoma and comparisons with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and vascular stained histopathology
Authors: Heijblom M. , Piras D. , Brinkhuis M. , van Hespen J. C. G. , van den Engh F. M. , van der Schaaf M. , Klaase J. M. , van Leeuwen T. G. , Steenbergen W. , Manohar S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhotoacoustic (optoacoustic) imaging can visualize vasculature deep in tissue using the high contrast of hemoglobin to light, with the high-resolution possible with ultrasound detection. Since angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancer, leads to increased vascularity, photoacoustics holds promise in imaging breast cancer as shown in proof-of-principle studies. Here for the first time, we investigate if there are specific photoacoustic appearances of breast malignancies which can be related to the tumor vascularity, using an upgraded research imaging system, the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope. In addition to comparisons with x-ray and ultrasound images, in subsets of cases the photoacoustic images were compared with MR images and with vascular staining in histopathology. We were able to identify lesions in suspect breasts at the expected locations in 28 of 29 cases. We discovered generally three types of photoacoustic appearances reminiscent of contrast enhancement types reported in MR imaging of breast malignancies and first insights were gained into the relationship with tumor vascularity.