bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of hemorrhage clearance and delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Ko Sang-Bae , Choi H Alex , Helbok Raimund , Schmidt J Michael , Badjatia Neeraj , Claassen Jan , Connolly E Sander , Mayer Stephan A , Lee Kiwon 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveInitial hemorrhage burden is an independent predictor for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the association between clot clearance and DCI still remains to be elucidated.MethodsQuantitative analysis of hemorrhage volume and clot clearance was made in 116 consecutive patients who were scanned within 24 h from onset. Cisternal plus intraventricular hemorrhage volume (CIHV) was calculated as clot volume from the initial scans and scans performed up to 7 days after onset. Clot clearance was calculated as a percentage of residual clot volume compared with the clot volume on the initial scan. Initial clot volume and clot clearance were dichotomized to evaluate the association with DCI.ResultsIncluded patients were aged 55.5±15.2 years with a female preponderance (65.5%, (76/116)). The group with higher initial clot volume (≥17.2 mL) had higher odds for DCI (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 14.0, p=0.015). However, the rate of DCI was not different between high and low clot clearance groups (26.7% vs 31.0%, p=0.66). Clot clearance rate was similar in patients with and without DCI up to day 7 after onset.ConclusionsThe quantitative clot clearance rate is not an independent predictor for DCI.
Severe hemiparesis as a prehospital tool to triage stroke severity: a pilot study to assess diagnostic accuracy and treatment times
Authors: Gupta Rishi , Manuel Marissa , Owada Kumiko , Dhungana Samish , Busby Leslie , Glenn Brenda A , Brown Debbie , Zimmermann Susan A , Horn Christopher , Rochestie Dustin , Hormes Joseph T , Johnson Andrew K , Khaldi Ahmad 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionWith the publication of the recent trials showing the tremendous benefits of mechanical thrombectomy, opportunities exist to refine prehospital processes to identify patients with larger stroke syndromes.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who were brought via scene flight from rural parts of the region to our institution, from December 1, 2014 to June 5, 2015, with severe hemiparesis or hemiplegia. We assessed the accuracy of the diagnosis of stroke and the number of patients requiring endovascular therapy. Moreover, we reviewed the times along the pathway of patients who were treated with endovascular therapy.Results45 patients were brought via helicopter from the field to our institution. 27 (60%) patients were diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. Of these, 12 (26.7%) were treated with mechanical thrombectomy and 6 (13.3%) with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone. An additional three patients required embolization procedures for either a dural arteriovenous fistula or cerebral aneurysm. Thus a total of 15 (33%) patients received an endovascular procedure and 21/45 (46.7%) received an acute treatment. For patients treated with thrombectomy, the median time from first medical contact to groin puncture was 101 min, with 8 of the 12 patients (66.7%) being discharged to home.ConclusionsWe have presented a pilot study showing that severe hemiparesis or hemiplegia may be a reasonable prehospital tool in recognizing patients requiring endovascular treatment. Patients being identified earlier may be treated faster and potentially improve outcomes. Further prospective controlled studies are required to assess the impact on outcomes and cost effectiveness using this methodology.
Quality indicators for blogs and podcasts used in medical education: modified Delphi consensus recommendations by an international cohort of health professions educators
Authors: Lin Michelle , Thoma Brent , Trueger N Seth , Ankel Felix , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuality assurance concerns about social media platforms used for education have arisen within the medical education community. As more trainees and clinicians use resources such as blogs and podcasts for learning, we aimed to identify quality indicators for these resources. A previous study identified 151 potentially relevant quality indicators for these social media resources.ObjectiveTo identify quality markers for blogs and podcasts using an international cohort of health professions educators.MethodsA self-selected group of 44 health professions educators at the 2014 International Conference on Residency Education participated in a Social Media Summit during which a modified Delphi consensus study was conducted to determine which of the 151 quality indicators met the a priori ≥90% inclusion threshold.ResultsThirteen quality indicators classified into the domains of credibility (n=8), content (n=4) and design (n=1) met the inclusion threshold.ConclusionsThe quality indicators that were identified may serve as a foundation for further research on quality indicators of social media-based medical education resources and prompt discussion of their legitimacy as a form of educational scholarship.
Criteria for social media-based scholarship in health professions education
Authors: Sherbino Jonathan , Arora Vineet M , Van Melle Elaine , Rogers Robert , Frank Jason R , Holmboe Eric S 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Social media are increasingly used in health professions education. How can innovations and research that incorporate social media applications be adjudicated as scholarship?

Objective
To define the criteria for social media-based scholarship in health professions education.

Method
In 2014 the International Conference on Residency Education hosted a consensus conference of health professions educators with expertise in social media. An expert working group drafted consensus statements based on a literature review. Draft consensus statements were posted on an open interactive online platform 2 weeks prior to the conference. In-person and virtual (via Twitter) participants modified, added or deleted draft consensus statements in an iterative fashion during a facilitated 2 h session. Final consensus statements were unanimously endorsed.

Results
A review of the literature demonstrated no existing criteria for social media-based scholarship. The consensus of 52 health professions educators from 20 organisations in four countries defined four key features of social media-based scholarship. It must (1) be original; (2) advance the field of health professions education by building on theory, research or best practice; (3) be archived and disseminated; and (4) provide the health professions education community with the ability to comment on and provide feedback in a transparent fashion that informs wider discussion.

Conclusions
Not all social media activities meet the standard of education scholarship. This paper clarifies the criteria, championing social media-based scholarship as a legitimate academic activity in health professions education.
Learning theory and its application to the use of social media in medical education
Authors: Flynn Leslie , Jalali Alireza , Moreau Katherine A 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
There is rapidly increasing pressure to employ social media in medical education, but a review of the literature demonstrates that its value and role are uncertain.

Objective
To determine if medical educators have a conceptual framework that informs their use of social media and whether this framework can be mapped to learning theory.

Methods
Thirty-six participants engaged in an iterative, consensus building process that identified their conceptual framework and determined if it aligned with one or more learning theories.

Results
The results show that the use of social media by the participants could be traced to two dominant theories—Connectivism and Constructivism. They also suggest that many medical educators may not be fully informed of these theories.

Conclusions
Medical educators’ use of social media can be traced to learning theories, but these theories may not be explicitly utilised in instructional design. It is recommended that formal education (faculty development) around learning theory would further enhance the use of social media in medical education.
Alumni‐based evaluation of a novel veterinary curriculum: are Nottingham graduates prepared for clinical practice?
Authors: Cobb K. A. , Brown G. A. , Hammond R. H. , Mossop L. H. 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionOutcomes‐based education has been the core of the curriculum strategy of the Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) since its inception in 2006. As part of the ongoing curriculum evaluation, the first two graduating cohorts were invited to provide an appraisal of their preparation by the SVMS curriculum for their role in clinical practice. This paper provides brief accounts of the SVMS curriculum model, the development of the evaluation instrument and the findings of the alumni survey.Materials and MethodsThe evaluation instrument contained 25 attributes expected of SVMS graduates. Alumni rated their preparation for practice in relation to each attribute.ResultsThe four highest rated characteristics were compassion for animals and the application of ethics to animal welfare; communication skills; recognising own limitations and seeking help and advice where needed and clinical examination skills. The four lowest rated were clinical case management and therapeutic strategies; dealing with veterinary public health and zoonotic issues; knowledge of current veterinary legislation and dealing with emergency and critical care cases. Free text responses were in line with these quantitative findings.ConclusionThe results indicate that this sample of SVMS graduates were satisfied with their undergraduate education and felt well prepared for their role in clinical practice.
Genotyping and characterisation of the secretory lipolytic enzymes of Malassezia pachydermatis isolates collected from dogs
Authors: Teramoto Hideshi , Kumeda Yuko , Yokoigawa Kumio , Hosomi Koji , Kozaki Shunji , Mukamoto Masafumi , Kohda Tomoko 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionMalassezia species are commensals of normal skin microbial flora of humans and animals. These may become pathogenic under certain conditions such as those associated with atopic dermatitis or otitis externa in dogs.Material and methodsIsolates of Malassezia pachydermatis were obtained from 27 dogs with healthy external ears and 32 dogs with otitis externa. Isolates were characterised on the basis of their first internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and internal spacer 1 (IGS1) sequences. Their extracellular lipase and phospholipase activity were also analysed. Three types of phospholipase inhibitor were used to identify the subclasses of phospholipase associated with otitis externa.ResultsThe clinical isolates were classified into three ITS and three IGS1 sequence types. No significant differences in pathogenicity were detected among the ITS or IGS1 genotypes, and all of the isolates exhibited similar levels of lipase activity. The isolates derived from the dogs with otitis externa showed significantly higher phospholipase activity than those obtained from the dogs with healthy external ears. A phospholipase D inhibitor reduced the phospholipase activity of the isolates obtained from the dogs with otitis externa.ConclusionsThis study did not show any significant differences in pathogenicity among the ITS or IGS1 genotypes but does suggest that phospholipase D might be one of the virulence factors involved in the inflammation of the external ear caused by M. pachydermatis.
Acceptance and effects of a therapeutic renal food in pet cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fritsch Dale A , Jewell Dennis E , Leventhal P S , Brejda J , Ahle N W , Schiefelbein H M , Forrester S D 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionRenal foods are used to manage chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats, but their effectiveness may be limited by the ability to transition animals to them.Material and MethodsIn a prospective study, pet cats with previously undiagnosed kidney disease (20 International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) 1, 61 IRIS 2, 14 IRIS 3/4, 33 at risk for CKD) were transitioned to a renal food. Markers of renal function were measured and owners answered questionnaires about their pet over one year.ResultsAll but eight cats (120/128; 94 per cent) successfully transitioned to the renal food. Most of the time, cats moderately or extremely liked the food (89 per cent), ate at least half (73 per cent) and were moderately or extremely enthusiastic while eating (68 per cent). Cats rarely disliked the food (2 per cent) or refused to eat it (1 per cent). Markers of renal function were unchanged in IRIS 1 and 2 cats and changed little in IRIS 3/4 cats. In all groups, owner‐assessed quality of life improved initially and then remained stable. Mean bodyweight did not change in cats with CKD.ConclusionsMost cats with CKD successfully transitioned to the renal food. The results also support previous studies that the renal food can help stabilise cats with CKD.
Stochastic structural modelling in sparse data situations
Authors: Cherpeau Nicolas , Caumon Guillaume 
Published: August 2015

This paper introduces a stochastic structural modelling method that honours interpretations of both faults and stratigraphic horizons on maps and cross-sections in conjunction with prior information, such as fault orientation and statistical size–displacement relationships. The generated stochastic models sample not only geometric uncertainty but also topological uncertainty about the fault network. Faults are simulated sequentially; at each step, fault traces are randomly chosen to constrain a fault surface in order to obtain consistent fault geometry and displacement profile. For each simulated fault network, stratigraphic modelling is performed to honour interpreted horizons using an implicit approach. Geometrical uncertainty on stratigraphic horizons can then be simulated by adding a correlated random noise to the stratigraphic scalar field. This strategy automatically maintains the continuity between faults and horizons.
The method is applied to a Middle East field where stochastic structural models are generated from interpreted two-dimensional (2D) seismic lines, first by representing only stratigraphic uncertainty and then by adding uncertainty about the fault network. These two scenarios are compared in terms of gross rock volume (GRV) uncertainty and show a significant increase in GRV uncertainty when fault uncertainties are considered. This underlines the key role of faults in resource estimation uncertainties and advocates a more systematic fault uncertainty consideration in subsurface studies, especially in settings in which the data are sparse.
Geochemical characterization of oils and their source rocks in the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Farrimond Paul , Naidu Bodapati S. , Burley Stuart D. , Dolson John , Whiteley Nicholas , Kothari Vachaspati 
Published: August 2015

The Barmer Basin is a failed continental rift of late Cretaceous–Eocene age in Rajasthan, NW India, containing prolific hydrocarbon resources, with 33 discoveries having been made in the last decade. The basin is predominantly oil-prone, although gas discoveries have been made in the deeper parts of the basin. Oils in the Barmer Basin are highly waxy, a result of the lacustrine nature of the source rocks that dominate the sedimentary fill of the basin. Detailed interpretation of the molecular composition of the oils defines three main oil groups that can be related to differing sources. The oils are all distinctively lacustrine in origin, although differing in specific source-facies characteristics. All of the oils are isotopically light, mostly in the −29‰ to −33‰ range.
Most oils in the northern Barmer Basin (groups 1A and 1B) are interpreted to have been generated from the Late Paleocene Barmer Hill Formation, an excellent oil-prone source rock with predominantly Type I lacustrine algal and bacterial kerogen. Group 2 oils are subordinate in abundance, occurring only in the southern part of the basin, and are interpreted to be at least partly sourced from the overlying Early Eocene Dharvi Dungar Formation, which is characterized by mixed Type I and Type III kerogen, and attains oil maturity only in the southern basin. Group 3 oils are less common, and are of higher maturity than the Group 1 oils, but also appear to have been generated from the Barmer Hill Formation where it was buried more deeply in the central and southern parts of the basin. However, recognition of probable Mesozoic sediments in sub-basins beneath the Tertiary Barmer Basin introduces a further source-rock candidate for the Group 3 oils. A high maturity hydrocarbon charge that is recognized in the gasoline-range hydrocarbons in the Group 2 oils of the southern Barmer Basin may also be from a Mesozoic source rock, or from the Barmer Hill Formation that is much more deeply buried in this part of the basin than in the north, and represents a more mixed oil- and gas-prone source.
Preclinical Efficacy of Ron Kinase Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with PI3K Inhibitors for Treatment of sfRon-Expressing Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts
Authors: Bieniasz Magdalena , Radhakrishnan Parvathi , Faham Najme , De La O Jean-Paul , Welm Alana L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies have demonstrated that short-form Ron (sfRon) kinase drives breast tumor progression and metastasis through robust activation of the PI3K pathway. We reasoned that upfront, concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K might enhance the antitumor effects of Ron kinase inhibitor therapy while also preventing potential therapeutic resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).
Experimental Design: We used patient-derived breast tumor xenografts (PDX) as high-fidelity preclinical models to determine the efficacy of single-agent or dual Ron/PI3K inhibition. We tested the Ron kinase inhibitor ASLAN002 with and without coadministration of the PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in hormone receptor–positive [estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+] breast PDXs with and without PIK3CA gene mutation.
Results: Breast PDX tumors harboring wild-type PIK3CA showed a robust response to ASLAN002 as a single agent. In contrast, PDX tumors harboring mutated PIK3CA demonstrated partial resistance to ASLAN002, which was overcome with addition of NVP-BKM120 to the treatment regimen. We further demonstrated that concurrent inhibition of sfRon and PI3K in breast PDX tumors with wild-type PIK3CA provided durable tumor stasis after therapy cessation, whereas discontinuation of either monotherapy facilitated tumor recurrence.
Conclusions: Our work provides preclinical rationale for targeting sfRon in patients with breast cancer, with the important stipulation that tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations may be partially resistant to Ron inhibitor therapy. Our data also indicate that tumors with wild-type PIK3CA are most effectively treated with an upfront combination of Ron and PI3K inhibitors for the most durable response. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5588–600. ©2015 AACR.
Preclinical Assessment of Efficacy of Radiation Dose Painting Based on Intratumoral FDG-PET Uptake
Authors: Trani Daniela , Yaromina Ala , Dubois Ludwig , Granzier Marlies , Peeters Sarah G.J.A. , Biemans Rianne , Nalbantov Georgi , Lieuwes Natasja , Reniers Brigitte , Troost Esther E.G.C. , Verhaegen Frank , Lambin Philippe 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Purpose: We tested therapeutic efficacy of two dose painting strategies of applying higher radiation dose to tumor subvolumes with high FDG uptake (biologic target volume, BTV): dose escalation and dose redistribution. We also investigated whether tumor response was determined by the highest dose in BTV or the lowest dose in gross tumor volume (GTV).
Experimental Design: FDG uptake was evaluated in rat rhabdomyosarcomas prior to irradiation. BTV was defined as 30% of GTV with the highest (BTVhot) or lowest (BTVcold) uptake. To test efficacy of dose escalation, tumor response (time to reach two times starting tumor volume, TGTV2) to Hot Boost irradiation (40% higher dose to BTVhot) was compared with Cold Boost (40% higher dose to BTVcold), while mean dose to GTV remained 12 Gy. To test efficacy of dose redistribution, TGTV2 after Hot Boost was compared with uniform irradiation with the same mean dose (8 or 12 Gy).
Results: TGTV2 after 12 Gy delivered heterogeneously (Hot and Cold Boost) or uniformly were not significantly different: 20.2, 19.5, and 20.6 days, respectively. Dose redistribution (Hot Boost) with 8 Gy resulted in faster tumor regrowth as compared with uniform irradiation (13.3 vs. 17.1 days; P = 0.026). Further increase in dose gradient to 60% led to a more pronounced decrease in TGTV2 (10.9 days; P &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusions: Dose escalation effect was independent of FDG uptake in target tumor volume, while dose redistribution was detrimental in this tumor model for dose levels applied here. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that tumor response depends on the minimum intratumoral dose. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5511–8. ©2015 AACR.
Transcriptional Profiling of Breast Cancer Metastases Identifies Liver Metastasis–Selective Genes Associated with Adverse Outcome in Luminal A Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Kimbung Siker , Johansson Ida , Danielsson Anna , Veerla Srinivas , Egyhazi Brage Suzanne , Frostvik Stolt Marianne , Skoog Lambert , Carlsson Lena , Einbeigi Zakaria , Lidbrink Elisabet , Linderholm Barbro , Loman Niklas , Malmström Per-Olof , Söderberg Martin , Walz Thomas M. , Fernö Mårten , Hatschek Thomas , Hedenfalk Ingrid 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The complete molecular basis of the organ-specificity of metastasis is elusive. This study aimed to provide an independent characterization of the transcriptional landscape of breast cancer metastases with the specific objective to identify liver metastasis–selective genes of prognostic importance following primary tumor diagnosis.
Experimental Design: A cohort of 304 women with advanced breast cancer was studied. Associations between the site of recurrence and clinicopathologic features were investigated. Fine-needle aspirates of metastases (n = 91) were subjected to whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Liver metastasis–selective genes were identified by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) analyses and independently validated in external datasets. Finally, the prognostic relevance of the liver metastasis–selective genes in primary breast cancer was tested.
Results: Liver relapse was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P = 0.002), luminal B subtype (P = 0.01), and was prognostic for an inferior postrelapse survival (P = 0.01). The major variation in the transcriptional landscape of metastases was also associated with ER expression and molecular subtype. However, liver metastases displayed unique transcriptional fingerprints, characterized by downregulation of extracellular matrix (i.e., stromal) genes. Importantly, we identified a 17-gene liver metastasis–selective signature, which was significantly and independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free (P &lt; 0.001) and overall (P = 0.001) survival in ER-positive tumors. Remarkably, this signature remained independently prognostic for shorter relapse-free survival (P = 0.001) among luminal A tumors.
Conclusions: Extracellular matrix (stromal) genes can be used to partition breast cancer by site of relapse and may be used to further refine prognostication in ER positive primary breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 146–57. ©2015 AACR.