bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of patients hospitalized for pancreatic-biliary malignancy with comorbid acute decompensated heart failure: An analysis from National Inpatient Sample (NIS).
Authors: Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Kulthamrongsri Narathorn , Saowapa Sakditad , Lohawatcharagul Tuntanut , Kansuttiviwat Chalermkiat , Thongpiya Jerapas , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Chaisidhivej Natapat 
Published: August 2024

81 Background: Recent data suggest an association between cardiovascular disease burden and biliary cancer patients. However, the outcomes of hospitalized patients for biliary-pancreatic malignancy with concurrent acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are not well understood. Therefore, our objective is to assess the impact of ADHF on patients hospitalized for biliary-pancreatic malignancy. Methods: We used the 2020 U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study patients hospitalized for biliary tract and pancreatic malignancy with concurrent acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) identified by ICD-10 CM codes. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for predefined outcomes were determined via multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses. The primary outcome examined was inpatient mortality, while secondary outcomes included complications related to various body systems. Results: We identified 43,009 patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of biliary tract and pancreatic cancer. The mean age was 68.5 years; 49.4% were female. Caucasians accounted for 68%, followed by Hispanics (13%). Of these, 6.27% (3,699/43,009) had a concurrent diagnosis of heart failure. In the survey's multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis, accounting for patient and hospital confounding factors, ADHF demonstrated significant associations with higher in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.09, 2.44, p = 0.015). In addition, a significant association between ADHF and various adverse in-hospital outcome was observed including prolonged mean length of stay (Beta 1.45; 95% CI 0.67, 2.24, p < 0.001), increased mean total hospital cost (Beta 3,757; 95% CI: 2,641, 36,630, p = 0.024), elevated risk of shock (aOR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.77, 4.26, p < 0.001), higher risk of sepsis (aOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68, p = 0.018), increased risk of acute respiratory failure (aOR 3.18, 95% CI: 2.25, 4.51, p < 0.001), and heightened risk of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.99, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among patients hospitalized for biliary-pancreatic malignancy, concurrent ADHF is linked to increased mortality risk and various in-hospital adverse complications. Additional long-term studies are required for a comprehensive understanding of this association.
Systemic treatment post curative-intent intervention based on tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA result for oligometastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Siripoon Teerada , O'Donnell Conor , Naleid Nikolas , Starlinger Patrick , Atwell Thomas D. , Thiels Cornelius A , Warner Susanne , Mitchell Jessica L. , Jethwa Krishan , Hallemeier Christopher Leigh , Mathis Kellie Leanne , Shawki Sherief , Mahipal Amit , Jin Zhaohui 
Published: August 2024

84 Background: Local therapies potentially offer a curative approach for patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The effectiveness of systemic chemotherapy following definitive local treatment in this setting is not well-defined. Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) might guide management strategies after curative-intent local treatment. Methods: This is a single institution retrospective study of patients with CRC who underwent curative-intent local therapy to an isolated site of metastatic disease and had post-intervention tumor-informed ctDNA (Signatera) testing. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Clinical characteristics, including ctDNA results, were collected and evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate and compare disease-free survival (DFS). Factors associated with DFS were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 45 patients were included with median age of 59 years, 62% being male, 91% white, and 53% with stage IV disease at diagnosis. 37% of the patients had RAS mutations, no patient had BRAF mutation, and 2.2% patient had mismatch repair deficient disease. Isolated liver metastases were present in 80% of patients, lung metastases in 11% and other sites in 9%. 44 patients received chemotherapy prior to definitive treatment, with a median treatment duration of 16 weeks. ctDNA tests were done prior to local therapy in 23 patients, with 14 cases (61%) testing positive. Definitive treatment included resection (58%), ablation (13%), radiotherapy (4%), and multimodality (25%). Post-definitive treatment chemotherapy was administered to 24 (53%) patients. ctDNA positivity following definitive therapy was observed in 10 patients (22%), which was associated with a poorer prognosis, with a median DFS of 5.3 months compared to 21.3 months for the ctDNA-negative group (p<0.001). These findings were confirmed on multivariate analysis. In patients who had negative ctDNA after definitive local treatment, median DFS was 14.9 months for those who received post-intervention chemotherapy versus 21.3 months for those without post-intervention chemotherapy (p=0.835). Conclusions: Patients with negative ctDNA results following definitive local therapy for isolated metastatic CRC have better prognosis. Post-intervention chemotherapy in this group of patients was not associated with improved DFS. ctDNA guided omission of post-intervention chemotherapy following curative-intent local treatment of oligometastatic CRC warrants further study. [Table: see text]
CVM-1118: An oral anti-vasculogenic mimicry (VM) agent in combination with nivolumab in patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)—A phase IIa study.
Authors: Yen Chia Jui , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Yeh Kun-Yun , Chen Pei-Jer , Lu Sheng-Nan , Gutheil John , Melink Teresa J. , Chen Yen-Ling , Chen Chun-Man , Chao Ting-Yu (Tiffany) , Chu Yi-Wen , Chien Du-Shieng 
Published: August 2024

92 Background: CVM-1118 is a potent anti-tumor new chemical entity with multiple mechanisms of action including induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of VM network formation. This study evaluated the anti-tumor effect and safety profile of CVM-1118 plus nivolumab in patients with progressive unresectable advanced HCC following the first-line therapy with TKIs. Methods: Eligible pts had unresectable advanced HCC and were refractory to prior systemic therapy (e.g., sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and/or ramucirumab), with the exception of prior immunotherapy. Patients received oral CVM-1118 at 200 mg BID (400 mg daily) in combination with intravenous nivolumab at 240 mg Q2W in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint of objective response rate was evaluated using mRECIST. The secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) (per RECIST 1.1), progression free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of overall response (DoR). Results: A total of 31 evaluable pts were enrolled (25 M/6 F; median age 65 y, range 44–80 y). All patients were Child Pugh A, BCLC stage B (13%, n=4) or C (87%, n=27) at the start of treatment. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 1 (range 1–2). The duration of CVM-1118 and nivolumab treatment ranged from 1.5–17.7 mos (median 3.1 mos) with 5/31 (16%) pts remaining on treatment for ≥ 5.2 mos (range 5.2–17.7 mos). The best ORR was 19.4% (mRECIST) (2 CR (6%), 4 PR (13%)), with remaining responses including 11 SD (36%) and 14 PD (45%). The DCR was 54.8% (95% CI 37.3–72.3%), the median PFS was 3.53 mos (95% CI 1.9–5.4 mos) and the median DoR was 12.1 mos (95% CI 5.2–16.1 mos). The most common treatment-related AEs ³ grade 3 included AST increased (12.9%), neutrophil count decreased (9.7%), anemia (6.5%), and WBC decreased (6.5%). As opposed to therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hypertension were not observed in this study. Pharmacokinetics data demonstrated that CVM-1118 was rapidly metabolized to CVM-1125 in all pts following administration. On Day 1, the mean drug exposure of CVM-1125 was Cmax 564 ng/mL and the AUC0-24 was 2154 ng·hr/mL. Intersubject variability of drug exposure appeared to be high; the T1/2 of CVM-1125 was ~1.7 hr. Conclusions: CVM-1118 combined with nivolumab demonstrated clinical activity in advanced HCC pts with a safety profile that appears favorable compared to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. These data support further development of the combination of CVM-1118 and nivolumab in pts with unresectable advanced HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT05257590 .
Pretreatment CT-based machine learning radiomics model to predict response in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional therapy.
Authors: Shang Changzhen , Hua Yonglin , Chen Yajin , Zhuang Hongkai 
Published: August 2024

94 Background: Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional (LPI) therapy has demonstrated promising treatment effects in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, biomarkers for predicting the response to LPI therapy remained to be further explored. The current study aimed to develop a radiomics model to noninvasively predict the efficacy of LPI therapy for uHCC. Methods: Clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with uHCC and accepted LPI therapy were collected in our institution. The clinical model was built by clinicopathological information. Nine machine learning classifiers were tested and the multilayer perceptron classifier with optimal performance was utilized as the radiomics model. The clinical-radiomics model was constructed by integrating clinical and radiomics scores. Results: 151 patients were enrolled in this study (2:1 randomization, 101 and 50 in the training and validation cohorts), of which three patients achieved complete response, 69 showed partial response, 46 showed stable disease and 33 showed progressive disease (evaluated by mRECIST criteria). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and conversion resection rate were 47.7, 78.1 and 23.2%, respectively. 14 features were selected from the initially extracted 1223 for radiomics model construction. The area under the curves of the radiomics model (0.900 for training and 0.893 for validation) were comparable to that of the clinical-radiomics model (0.912 for training and 0.892 for validation), and both were superior to the clinical model (0.669 for training and 0.585 for validation). Meanwhile, the radiomics model could categorize participants into high- and low-risk groups for progression-free survival and overall survival in the training and validation sets. Conclusions: The current study developed a novel and promising machine learning radiomics model, which could efficiently predict the efficacy of LPI therapy for uHCC, with comparable performance to clinical-radiomics model.
Efficacy of a mountain craft training in improving resilience and psychological well-being and reducing fatigue in childhood cancer survivors.
Authors: Chung Joyce Oi Kwan 
Published: August 2024

TPS167 Background: This pilot study aims to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of mountain craft training in improving resilience and quality of life and reducing fatigue and depressive symptoms in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Methods: A randomised controlled trial. A sample of 40 CCS, aged 10 to 16, will be invited to participate in this study. Resilience scale, Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale; Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory; and Fatigue Scale – Child will be used to assess resilience, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life and levels of fatigue, respectively. Participants in the intervention group will receive two 30-45 mins lectures on resilience, physical exercise, knowledge and skills in mountain craft; and a 4-day hiking programme on weekends over a 3-month period. Participants in the control group will participate in 4 day of leisure activities on weekends over a 3-month period. The main outcome measure: The participants’ level of resilience at 6-month post intervention The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 26.0) will be used to analyse the quantitative data. Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, and the independent sample t-test for continuous variables. The Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) will be employed to determine the changes between the intervention and placebo control groups, the within-group (time) effects, and the interaction effects.
Approach to the Pediatric Patient With Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Ward Leanne M , Bakhamis Sarah A , Koujok Khaldoun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for many conditions of childhood and an important cause of skeletal and endocrine morbidity. Here, we discuss cases that bring to life the most important concepts in the management of pediatric GC-induced osteoporosis (pGIO). Given the wide variety of underlying conditions linked to pGIO, we focus on the fundamental clinical–biological principles that provide a blueprint for management in any clinical context. In so doing, we underscore the importance of longitudinal vertebral fracture phenotyping, how knowledge about the timing and risk of fractures influences monitoring, the role of bone mineral density in pGIO assessments, and the impact of growth-mediated “vertebral body reshaping” after spine fractures on the therapeutic approach. Overall, pGIO management is predicated upon early identification of fractures (including vertebral) in those at risk, and timely intervention when there is limited potential for spontaneous recovery. Even a single, low-trauma long bone or vertebral fracture can signal an osteoporotic event in an at-risk child. The most widely used treatments for pediatric osteoporosis, intravenous bisphosphonates, are currently recommended first-line for the treatment of pGIO. It is recognized, however, that even early identification of bone fragility, combined with timely introduction of the most potent bisphosphonate therapies, may not completely prevent osteoporosis progression in all contexts. Therefore, prevention of first-ever fractures in the highest-risk settings is on the horizon, where there is also a need to move beyond antiresorptives to the study of anabolic agents.
Associations of Body Mass Index Growth Rates and Body Composition With Cardiometabolic Risks in Chinese Preschool Children
Authors: Liao Zijun , Wang Jing , Chen Yiren , Li Weiqin , Xie Xianghui , Zhang Ting , Liu Gongshu , Chen Fangfang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) growth rates, body composition, and cardiometabolic markers in preschool children.

Methods
Three-year-old children were recruited for this cohort study. BMI and body composition measurements were obtained at enrollment, with multiple BMI measurements spanning ages 1 month to 3 years extracted from medical records. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), remnant cholesterol (RC), uric acid (UA), and fasting plasma glucose were measured at 3 years. Data analyses employed piecewise linear mixed models and logistic regression models.

Results
Out of 3822 children recruited, 3015 were included in the analysis. The accelerated BMI z-score growth rate between 6 and 24 months was positively correlated with high TG and LDL-C levels, with sex, birthweight, and size for gestational age disparities. Obesity increased the risks of high TG level and the highest RC quartile in boys. Fat mass index and percentage of fat mass were linked with high UA level and dyslipidemia, particularly high TG and non-HDL-C levels, in boys. Fat-free mass index showed negative associations with high levels of TC and non-HDL-C in boys and high LDL-C level in girls (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
This study underscores the significant impact of BMI growth rates and body composition on cardiometabolic markers in 3-year-old children. The effects of BMI growth rates in specific periods varied by sex, birthweight, and size for gestational age, and boys exhibited a higher susceptibility to adverse outcomes.
Expanded Indications for Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khorfan Rhami , Vora Halley P. , Namm Jukes P. , Solomon Naveenraj L. , Lum Sharon S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Pandemic Breast Cancer Consortium (PBCC) published recommendations for triage of breast cancer patients. The recommendations included neoadjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer patients experiencing delays in surgery. This study evaluated national patterns of neoadjuvant treatment according to triage guidelines.

Methods
Patients treated with surgery (upfront or post-neoadjuvant) in 2018–2020 were collected from the National Cancer Database. The proportions of patients treated according to the PBCC triage guidelines were calculated in 2020 and compared with similar cohorts in 2018–2019. Patient and hospital factors were evaluated for association with treatment.

Results
Among cT1N0 ER+/PR+/HER2– patients, those treated in 2020 were more likely to receive neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) compared with those before that time (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; range, 2.93–3.24). Among the patients with cT2N0 or cT1N1 disease, NET was more common in 2020 (OR, 1.76; range, 1.65–1.88). Academic facility, black or Asian race, more comorbidities, and the New England/Middle Atlantic region were associated with NET use.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, expanded utilization of neoadjuvant therapy for surgical breast cancer patients was observed. Health care system limitations during the pandemic contributed to expanded adoption of neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer, contrary to usual practice. Long-term outcomes for patients treated according to PBCC recommendations should be closely monitored.
Supplemental videos for "Diurnal Trends of Maize Canopy Cover Under Water Stress"
Authors: DeJonge Kendall , Cummins Liam , Gilkerson Tyler 
Published: August 2024

<p> </p>
<p>These videos quantify and demonstrate the diurnal fluctuations of maize canopy cover under full and limited irrigation. These datasets were taken in 2016 at the USDA-ARS Limited Irrigation Research Farm, in conjunction with an overarching project that evaluated crop yield response with varying irrigation levels. These videos will be referenced in an upcoming journal article which features deeper experimental detail and analysis.</p>
<p>Images were collected by digital trailcams with 5.0 megapixel resolution, with images taken every 15 minutes. The cameras were mounted to a customized metal frame which cantilevered above the crop canopy, mounted nadir at height of 12 ft above the ground. Nighttime images were illuminated by LED lights mounted on the camera. Images were processed using a custom Python language script that delineates green pixels from each RGB image, and defines the ratio of green pixels to total pixels as the fractional canopy cover (<em>fc</em>, %). Due to overexposure from low sunlight angle at dawn and dusk, as well as occasional fog, some images were eliminated from analysis. </p>
<p>The single day video shows images and associated graphs for July 8, 2016, for fully and deficit irrigated maize. The multiday video shows the same, but for six consecutive days from July 13 until July 19, which includes an irrigation event on July 15 (40 mm for full irrigation and 26 mm for limited irrigation) and an 18 mm rainfall event on the night of July 17.</p>
Caught in a trap: DNA contamination in tsetse xenomonitoring can lead to over-estimates of Trypanosoma brucei infection
Authors: Saldanha Isabel , Lea Rachel , Manangwa Oliver , Garrod Gala , Haines Lee R. , Acosta-Serrano Álvaro , Auty Harriet , Betson Martha , Lord Jennifer S. , Morrison Liam J. , Mramba Furaha , Torr Stephen J. , Cunningham Lucas J. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Tsetse flies (Glossina sp.) are vectors of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies that cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Capturing and screening tsetse is critical for HAT surveillance. Classically, tsetse have been microscopically analysed to identify trypanosomes, but this is increasingly replaced with molecular xenomonitoring. Nonetheless, sensitive T. brucei-detection assays, such as TBR-PCR, are vulnerable to DNA cross-contamination. This may occur at capture, when often multiple live tsetse are retained temporarily in the cage of a trap. This study set out to determine whether infected tsetse can contaminate naïve tsetse with T. brucei DNA via faeces when co-housed.

Methodology/Principle findings
Insectary-reared teneral G. morsitans morsitans were fed an infectious T. b. brucei-spiked bloodmeal. At 19 days post-infection, infected and naïve tsetse were caged together in the following ratios: (T1) 9:3, (T2) 6:6 (T3) 1:11 and a control (C0) 0:12 in triplicate. Following 24-hour incubation, DNA was extracted from each fly and screened for parasite DNA presence using PCR and qPCR. All insectary-reared infected flies were positive for T. brucei DNA using TBR-qPCR. However, naïve tsetse also tested positive. Even at a ratio of 1 infected to 11 naïve flies, 91% of naïve tsetse gave positive TBR-qPCR results. Furthermore, the quantity of T. brucei DNA detected in naïve tsetse was significantly correlated with cage infection ratio. With evidence of cross-contamination, field-caught tsetse from Tanzania were then assessed using the same screening protocol. End-point TBR-PCR predicted a sample population prevalence of 24.8%. Using qPCR and Cq cut-offs optimised on insectary-reared flies, we estimated that prevalence was 0.5% (95% confidence interval [0.36, 0.73]).

Conclusions/Significance
Our results show that infected tsetse can contaminate naïve flies with T. brucei DNA when co-caged, and that the level of contamination can be extensive. Whilst simple PCR may overestimate infection prevalence, quantitative PCR offers a means of eliminating false positives.