bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Obesity and Its Determinants in Urban and Rural Aging Mexican Populations
Authors: Lerrnan‐Garber Israel , Villa Antonio R. , Martinez Cristina Llaca , Turrubiatez Leticia Cewantes , Salinas Carlos A. Aguilar , Lucy Villagra , Wong Belia , Alvarenga Juan C. López , Pérez Francisco Gómez , Robledo Luis Miguel Gutierrez 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLERMAN‐GARBER, ISRAEL, ANTONIO R. VILLA, CRISTINA LLACA MARTINEZ, LETICIA CERVANTES TURRUBIATEZ, CARLOS A. AGUILAR SALINAS, VILLAGRA LUCY, BELIA WONG, JUAN C. LÓPEZ ALVARENGA, FRANCISCO GÓMEZ PÉREZ, AND LUIS MIGUEL GUTIERREZ ROBLEDO. The prevalence of obesity and its determinants in urban and rural older mexican populations. Obes Res.Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity and its association to different variables in urban and rural older Mexican populations.Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional study of three different Mexican communities. A total of 121 men and 223 women 60 years and older and 93 men and 180 women aged 35 to 59 years old were selected randomly for inclusion in the survey. A personal interview assessed demographic information, personal medical history and functional status and a 24‐hour diet recall was obtained. The physical examination included anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. A fasting blood sample was obtained for measurements of lipids, insulin and glucose.Results: Obesity was highly prevalent in women, in individuals from the urban communities and diminished with advancing age. A BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was observed in 23. 6% younger vs. 15. 6% older adult men (p = 0. 21) and 28. 4% younger vs. 19. 7% older adult women (p = 0. 06).Conclusions: The present survey confirms the high prevalence of obesity in the Mexican urban population that declines with advanced age. Studies in elderly population must consider the bias produced by increased early mortality in those individuals with a more unfavorable risk profile.The association of obesity with other variables was estimated using a stepwise multivariate logistic regression, increased insulin levels [Odds Ratio (OR) 1. 68, p = 0. 006] and living in an urban area (OR 5. 90, p <0. 007) were variables independently associated to obesity in adult older individuals. In the younger adults, obesity was associated with hypertension (OR 2. 74, p<0. 0009), higher insulin levels (OR 1. 31, p<0. 03) and central adiposity (OR 2. 97, p = 0. 05), these relationship were not observed with gender, distribution of food or alcohol intake or other coronary risk factors.
Is the Prevalence of Successful Weight Loss and Maintenance Higher in the General Community than the Research Clinic?
Authors: Bartleit Susan J. , Faith Myles S. , Fontaine Kevin R. , Cheskin Lawrence J. , Allison David B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBARTLETT, SUSAN J., MYLES S. FAITH, KEVIN R. FONTAINE, LAWRENCE J. CHESKIN, AND DAVID B. ALLISON. Is the prevalence of successful weight loss and maintenance higher in the general community than the research clinic? Obes Res.Objective: The prevalence of successful weight loss remains unclear. In 1982, Schachter concluded that in the general population, the rate of “self‐cured” obesity approached 63%–much higher than the rate from clinical trials. Several subsequent studies have addressed this issue.Research Methods and Procedures: Our initial goal was to meta‐analyze these studies to evaluate the validity of the original hypotheses and the extent to which additional investigations supported the findings. We began by restating Schachter's hypotheses in precise, testable terms.Results: A systematic review of these studies found many methodological limitations and much heterogeneity among the samples studied, hypotheses addressed, and operational definitions. Some of these limitations appear to stem from the lack of clear, precise statements of the exact hypotheses tested. Differences among studies are delineated, and we outline why meta‐analytic pooling of these data appears inappropriate.Conclusions: The current data are inadequate to draw any definite conclusions regarding the cure rate of obesity. Criteria for the adequate study of success rates with “self‐cure” in the general population are proposed.
Comparison of High‐Calorie, Low‐Nutrient‐Dense Food Consumption among Obese and Non‐Obese Adolescents
Authors: Bandini Linda G. , Vu Dung , Must Aviva , Cyr Helene , Goldberg Alison , Dietz William H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBANDINI, LINDA G. DUNG VU, AVIVA MUST, HELENE CYR, ALISON GOLDBERG, AND WILLIAM H. DIETZ. Comparison of high‐calorie, low‐nutrient‐dense food consumption among obese and non‐obese adolescents. ObesRes.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether obese adolescents eat more high‐calorie low‐nutrient‐dense foods than non‐obese adolescents.Research Methods and Procedures: Using a cross‐sectional design, 22 non‐obese and 21 obese adolescents kept 14‐day food records. Records provided estimates of total daily energy intake and caloric intake from five categories of high‐calorie, low‐nutrient‐dense (HC) foods: candy, chips, soda, baked goods, and ice cream. Body composition was determined by 18O dilution and daily energy expenditure by doubly labeled water. Percentage of energy intake reported (%report) was calculated as the ratio of reported energy intake to measured energy expenditure (x 100%).Results: Both groups underreported energy intake, but the percentage reported was significantly greater in the non‐obese group (78. ±20. 5% non‐obese vs. 55. 5±21. 8% obese, p<0. 001). Consumption of calories from chips and soda was similar among non‐obese and obese adolescents. However, total energy intake from all HC foods was higher in the non‐obese group than among the obese (617±356 kcal/day vs. 362plusnum;223 kcallday; p<0. 01) and represented 27. 2±10. 5% and 19. 9±9. 6% of reported energy intake in the non‐obese and obese groups, respectively. After adjustment for underreporting, the percentage of calories provided by each of the HC foods was similar in the obese and non‐obese groups except for ice cream, which remained significantly greater in the non‐obese group (p<0. 05).Discussion: Our findings suggest that both non‐obese and obese adolescents consume a substantial portion of reported calories from HC foods and that obese adolescents do not consume more calories from these foods than non‐obese adolescents. These data offer no evidence to support the widespread notion that obese adolescents eat more “junk food” than non‐obese adolescents. Health professionals who treat obese adolescents must be aware that the excess calories in their diets may come from a variety of food sources and not solely from high‐calorie snack foods.
Fasting and Postprandial Plasma Concentrations of Acylation‐Stimulation Protein (ASP) in Lean and Obese Pima Indians Compared to Caucasians
Authors: Weyer Christian , Pratley Richard E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWEYER, CHRISTIAN AND RICHARD E. PRATLEY. Fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of acylation‐stimulation protein (ASP) in lean and obese Pima Indians compared to Caucasians. Obes Res.Objective: ASP stimulates the clearance of free fatty acids (FFA) from the circulation and the synthesis of triglycerides (TG) in adipose tissue. We tested whether fasting and post‐prandial plasma ASP concentrations are increased in Pima Indians, a population with a very high prevalence of obesity, but a remarkably low prevalence of dyslipidemia.Research Methods and Procedures: Plasma concentrations of ASP, TG, FFA, total cholesterol (CHOL), and insulin (INS) were measured in 15 Pima Indians (P) and 15 Caucasians (C) closely matched for age, sex, and body weight [7 lean and 8 obese subjects, body mass index (BMI) cut‐off 30 kg/m2], before and for 4 hours after a standard mixed meal (20% of daily caloric requirements, 41% carbohydrate, 44% fat, 15% protein).Results: Fasting ASP was positively related to percent body fat (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry; r=0. 49, p<0. 01) and to TG and FFA, independently of percent body fat (partial r = 0. 42 and 0. 46, respectively, both p <0. 05). There were no differences in fasting TG, FFA, CHOL, INS, or ASP between lean C and lean P. In contrast, obese P had lower TG, lower CHOL, higher INS and, on average, 27% lower ASP compared to obese C. The ethnic difference in ASP remained after adjustment for TG, FFA, and percent body fat. ASP decreased in response to the meal in all four groups with no differences between groups. There was a significant inverse correlation between preprandial ASP and the change in FFA 60 minutes after the meal (r = −0. 56, p<0. 001).Discussion: Pima Indians do not have higher plasma ASP concentrations than Caucasians. Whether other alterations in the ASP‐pathway, such as increased sensitivity of adipocytes to ASP, contribute to the high prevalence of obesity and low prevalence of dyslipidemia in Pima Indians, remains to be elucidated.
Sibutramine Produces Dose‐Related Weight Loss
Authors: Bray George A. , Blackburn George L. , Ferguson James M. , Greenway Frank L. , Jain Adesh K. , Mendel Carl M. , Mendels Joseph , Ryan Donna H. , Schwartz Sherwyn L. , Scheinbaum Monte L. , Seaton Timothy B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBRAY, GEORGE A., GEORGE L. BLACKBURN, JAMES M. FERGUSON, FRANK L. GREENWAY, ADESH K. JAIN, CARL M. MENDEL, JOSEPH MEN‐DELS, DONNA H. RYAN, SHERWYN L. SCHWARTZ, MONTE L. SCHEINBAUM, AND TIMOTHY B. SEATON. Sibutramine produces dose‐related weight loss.Obes Res.ObjectiveSibutramine is a weight control drug that inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. In animals, it reduces food intake and increases thermogenesis and preliminary data in human beings showed weight loss. This paper reports a 24‐week dose‐ranging study to determine the effect of sibutramine on body weight of patients with obesity.Research Methods and ProceduresSeven clinical centers screened 1463 patients with obesity and randomized 1047 to 24 weeks of treatment with 1 of 6 doses of sibutramine (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 mg) or placebo once daily. Six hundred eighty‐three patients completed the study. A two‐week placebo run‐in period was used to initiate a standardized program of diet, physical activity, and lifestyle changes.ResultsWeight loss was dose‐related and statistically significant vs. placebo (p<0.05) across all time‐points for a 5 mglday to 30 mglday dosage of sibutramine. At week 24, percent weight loss from baseline for completers was: placebo, 1.2%; 1 mg, 2.7%; 5 mg, 3.9%; 10 mg, 6.1%; 15 mg, 7.4%; 20 mg, 8.8%; and 30 mg, 9.4%. Weight loss achieved at week 4 was predictive of weight loss achieved at week 24. Patients losing weight demonstrated an increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and reductions in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid. Small mean increases in blood pressure and pulse rate (with considerable individual variability) were observed in patients treated with sibutramine. The most frequent adverse events were dry mouth, anorexia, and insomnia.DiscussionSibutramine administered once daily for 24 weeks in the weight loss phase of treatment for uncomplicated obesity produced dose‐related weight loss and was well tolerated. Improvements in serum lipids and uric acid accompany sibutramine‐induced weight loss. Most of the adverse events observed on sibutramine are related to its pharmacology, including small mean increases in blood pressure and heart rate.
Effects of Weight Cycling Induced by Diet Cycling in Rats Differing in Susceptibility to Dietary Obesity
Authors: Lauer Joan B. , Reed George W. , Hill James O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLAUER, JOAN B., GEORGE W. REED, AND JAMES O. HILL. Effects of weight cycling induced by diet cycling in rats differing in susceptibility to dietary obesity.Obes Res.ObjectiveAlthough the majority of evidence in rodents does not support the view that weight cycling (consisting of bouts of food restriction and refeeding) promotes obesity, the effects of weight cycling on body weight regulation remain controversial. We have previously demonstrated that some rats within a strain are more susceptible to develop obesity than others when given free access to a high‐fat diet. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rats most susceptible to weight gain on a high‐fat diet would also be most susceptible to weight gain as a consequence of weight cycling.Research Methods and ProceduresRats were provided a low‐fat diet (12% corn oil) for 2 weeks, then given a high‐fat diet (45% corn oil) for 2 weeks to identify those most (obesity prone) and least (obesity resistant) susceptible to weight gain. Half of each group was then subjected to three 30‐day cycles of food restriction (10 days) and refeeding (20 days) [weight cycler (WC) rats]. The other half were allowed free access to the high‐fat diet [control (CO) rats]. All rats were then followed for an additional 10 weeks, with free access to the high‐fat diet.ResultsWhen considering the entire 160 days of the study, we found no evidence that WC rats relative to CO rats had increased body weight, increased body fat content, or elevated energy efficiency. We found no evidence that rats most prone to dietary obesity were also prone to weight gain after weight cycling. During the weight cycling phase (days 1 to 90), weight cycled groups consumed less energy and gained less weight than controls. During the follow‐up phase, WC and CO rats did not differ significantly in weight gain or energy intake.DiscussionIn this study, weight cycling did not exacerbate the obesity produced by high‐fat diet feeding.
Sequence Variants in the Human Cocaine and Amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript (CART) Gene in Subjects with Early Onset Obesity
Authors: Echwald Søren M. , Thorkild A. I. , Sørensen  , Andersen Teis , Hansen Claus , Tommerup Niels , Pedersen Oluf 
Published: September 2012

AbstractECHWALD, SØREN M., THORKILD I. A. SØRENSEN, TEIS ANDERSEN, CLAUS HANSEN, NIELS TOMMERUP, AND OLUF PEDERSEN. Sequence variants in the human cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) gene in subjects with early onset obesity. Obes Res.Objective: The cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) is expressed in the brain of rodents and humans, and intracerebroventricular injection of the peptide in rats reduces food intake. The objective of the present study was to chromosomally map the CART gene and to examine the coding region of the gene for variability in obese subjects.Methods: The coding region of the CART gene was analyzed by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 84 subjects with early onset obesity. The prevalence of identified mutations was estimated in a cohort of 757 subjects with juvenile onset obesity [body mass index (BMI) = 35.7±5.7 kg/m2±standard deviation (S)] and in 890 random control subjects (BMI = 26. 1±3. 6 kg/m2±S). Furthermore, using radiation hybrid mapping we mapped the chromosomal localization of the human CART gene.Results: Radiation hybrid mapping co‐localized the CART gene with a recently published human obesity locus at chromosome 5q13‐14 corresponding also to an obesity locus at the similar syntenic region in mice. We identified two silent polymorphisms in the 3′UTR region of the gene (position 1457 deletion of A and position 1475 A→G substitution) and the prevalence of these was determined among obese and control subjects. However, none of the variants were associated with either obesity or weight gain during an average follow‐up period of 27.4±8.4 years (S).Conclusion: Mutations in the coding region of the CART gene are unlikely to be involved in body weight control in Danish Caucasians with early onset obesity.
Self‐Efficacy in Overweight Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Miller Peter M. , Watkins Julia A. , Sargent Roger G. , Rickert Edward J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMILLER, PETER M., JULIA A. WATKINS, ROGER G. SARGENT, AND EDWARD J. RICKERT. Self‐efficacy in overweight individuals with binge eating disorder. Obes Res.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between self‐efficacy judgments in obese individuals with binge eating disorder, “borderline” binge eating disorder, and no binge eating problems.Research Methods and Procedures: Before participation in a residential weight management program, 79 male and female subjects were administered the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Based on DSM‐IV diagnostic questions, subjects were categorized as BED, Borderline BED, or non‐BED.Results: Krusal‐Wallace Rank‐Order analysis of variance revealed significant negative associations between binge eating and total WEL scores as well as the subscales of Negative Emotions, Social Pressure, Physical Discomfort, and Positive Activities. Differences were significant between the BED and the Borderline BED groups with the exception of the Social Pressure scale and the Total WEL scores. BED diagnosis as well as severity of binge eating were strongly associated with low self‐efficacy ratings.Discussion: These results indicate that obese individuals with binge eating disorder demonstrate lower self‐efficacy than those without this condition and that self‐efficacy is related to the severity of binge eating.
Effect of eugenol and guaiacol application on tomato aroma composition determined by headspace stir bar sorptive extraction
Authors: Pardo‐García Ana I , Martínez‐Gil Ana M , López‐Córcoles Horacio , Zalacain Amaya , Salinas Rosario 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present work was carried out because there is only a small amount of literature on how the volatile composition of tomatoes can be modified by the effect of exogenous substances in contact with tomato plants. This work studies how eugenol and guaiacol, either by foliar application and/or in the surrounding atmosphere, can affect the volatile composition of this fruit. An important work of this study was also conduced to validate the analytical method [headspace stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SBSE‐GC‐MS)] to determine the composition of the volatiles in tomato.RESULTS: Analytical method validation parameters such as linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery proved that this method is suitable for the analysis of tomato volatiles. Their eugenol and guaiacol content changed, with an increase of 200 and 35 times, respectively, when foliar treatment was used, and an increase of 10, in both cases, when plants were in contact with the contaminated atmosphere. As consequence of the treatments other volatile compounds changed considerably.CONCLUSION: For first time, a HS‐SBSE‐GC‐MS method was successfully validated for the study of volatiles in tomatos. Results suggests that exogenous compounds in contact with the plants, such as eugenol and guaiacol, can be absorbed changing the global volatile composition of fruits, which could produce a negative or positive effect in their aroma. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioavailability of arsenic, cadmium, iron and zinc in leafy vegetables amended with urban particulate matter suspension
Authors: Tremlová Jana , Száková Jiřina , Sysalová Jiřina , Tlustoš Pavel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundUrban particulate matter (PM) can affect green plants either via deposition on the above‐ground biomass, where the contaminants can penetrate the leaf surface, or indirectly via soil–root interaction. This experiment assessed the potential risk of PM‐derived risk elements contained in vegetables. The bioavailable portions of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in leafy vegetables amended by PM via soil and/or foliar application were investigated in a model pot experiment, in which lettuce and chard were cultivated.ResultsBy using the physiologically based extraction test simulating in vitro human digestive processes in the stomach and small intestine, the bioavailable portions of toxic elements from PM‐amended plant biomass were extracted. Extractable portions of elements by a simulated gastric solution from biomass decreased for lettuce in the order Zn > Cd > As > Fe; while for chard, the order was As > Zn > Cd > Fe. No significant effects of PM physical fractions or soil were observed.ConclusionsAlthough the bioavailable element portions in the PM samples were lower compared to plants, the bioavailable element contents in foliar PM‐amended plant leaves exceeded the control and soil PM amendment levels, even after biomass washing.
International mappings of nonprofit management education: An analytical framework and the case of Sweden
Authors: Hvenmark Johan , Segnestam Larsson Ola 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrevious efforts to map and compare nonprofit management education across countries have proved difficult due to methodological issues, conceptual developments, and empirical focus. Based in recent empirical research from Sweden, this article presents an analytical framework that focuses on credit‐ and noncredit‐based education, syllabi content, and organization of programs and courses and therefore allows for comparisons and analysis of nonprofit management education across countries. This framework may also contribute to the discussion on the best place for nonprofit management education and provide insights into the relationship between national nonprofit sector contexts and nonprofit management education.
Deciphering the epigenetic network in colorectal cancer
Authors: Domínguez Gemma 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe sequential accumulation of genetic alterations has been classically considered responsible for the origin and subsequent progression of colorectal cancer, although recent cumulative data provide strong evidence of the significance of epigenetic changes in the development of this multi‐step malignancy. Among the epigenetic alterations, miRNAs deregulation has emerged as an exciting and promising field in cancer research. In a recent issue of the Journal of Pathology, Wang and colleagues identify miR‐149 as being silenced by methylation in colorectal cancer. The authors also identified Sp1 as a target of miR‐149. These intriguing observations have important biological prognostic and therapeutic implications.