bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Insulin Guidance System: a real‐world evaluation of new technology (d‐Nav) to achieve glycaemic control in insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes
Authors: Donnelly R , Carr S , Harper R 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim was to conduct a service evaluation of the effectiveness of using d‐Nav (a handheld device that automates the process of insulin dosage titration using the Diabetes Insulin Guidance System [DIGS] software) in achieving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.The study comprised an exploratory single‐centre pilot evaluation of the use of d‐Nav in patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥21 years with an HbA1c level ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7.0%) who were receiving insulin therapy for at least one year. Patients were asked to use d‐Nav to monitor their blood glucose level before every insulin injection and, when they suspected the occurrence of hypoglycaemia, to allow d‐Nav to adjust their insulin dosage. At scheduled three‐monthly clinic visits, HbA1c was measured and information on episodes of hypoglycaemia collected from d‐Nav and by patient reporting. Patients were followed for a minimum of six months.A total of 94 patients completed the evaluation as active users. The mean (± standard deviation) HbA1c for active users decreased from 77 ± 15 mmol/mol (9.2 ± 1.4%) at baseline to 62 ± 13 mmol/mol (7.8 ± 1.2%) at the three‐ to five‐month clinic visit and to 59 ± 13 mmol/mol (7.5 ± 1.2%) at the six‐ to 12‐month clinic visit. In patients for whom paired data were available, the decreases were statistically significant at both post‐baseline visits (both p < 0.001). The frequency of minor hypoglycaemia (blood glucose ≤3.6 mmol/L) was low and well within the tolerated range.In conclusion, d‐Nav is shown to be a safe and effective solution for blood glucose management in insulin users with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Redford Christopher , Doherty Laura , Smith Jamie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis case report highlights the potentially potent glucose lowering effect of adding an SGLT2 inhibitor to insulin therapy in patients with insulin‐treated diabetes. For our patient this had serious, unintended consequences. We describe a 58‐year‐old lady who had a presumed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a twice‐daily biphasic insulin regimen. She was commenced on dapagliflozin by her general practitioner and her blood glucose levels fell significantly over a period of several weeks leading, on occasions, to hypoglycaemia. Consequently, steady insulin dose reductions were made over this period leading eventually to the complete withdrawal of insulin treatment. Within 36 hours of the cessation of insulin treatment the patient was admitted to hospital as an emergency with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), requiring management on an intensive care unit.This case highlights that DKA can develop in patients with diabetes treated with insulin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Whether type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the SGLT2 inhibitor can reduce insulin requirements significantly. While the glucose may be falling even into normal ranges, the patient is likely becoming insulinopenic leading to muscle and fat metabolism and ketosis. The importance of this being a recognised consequence of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy was recently highlighted in a US Food and Drug Administration alert. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Investigation of the effect of diiodooctane on the morphology and performance of PTB7/PC71BM solar cells
Authors: Parlak E. A. , Sarıoğlan Ş. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics have been intensively investigated in recent years for generation of affordable, clean, and renewable energy due to their low‐cost fabrication of large‐area devices, lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and easy tunability of chemical properties of the polymer materials. Thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene and benzodithiophene solar cells were fabricated, characterized and the performance of the solar cells was studied and compared with each other in the different ratios of diiodooctane. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphological changes in solar cells. The current density and voltage characteristics of photovoltaic cells were measured under the illumination of simulated solar light. PTB7/PC71BM solar cell enhanced the power conversion efficiency to 2.86% with 0.5% diiodooctane from 1.55% without diiodooctane. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of a hybrid photovoltaic‐electrolyzer‐PEM fuel cell system for developing solar model
Authors: Devrim Yılser , Pehlivanoğlu Kübra 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe world's fossil fuel energy reserves have rapidly decreased, while the energy demand has increased due to industrial growth, population growth, and technology advances, all of which affect the environment by the production of greenhouse gases. Alternative energy sources such as solar, hydrogen, etc. are attracting more attention as an alternative of fossil fuels. We present in this study hybrid photovoltaic (PV) panels/PEM electrolyzer/high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HTPEMFC) system used in off‐grid application. The purpose of a hybrid system is to produce as much energy from alternative energy sources to ensure the load demand. Solar energy is used as primary source and a fuel cell is used as backup power. The hybrid system is designed and analyzed according to the new solar radiation model. Firstly a new solar model is developed to determine solar radiation on horizontal surface. After that solar radiation on tilted surface is obtained by using solar radiation on horizontal surface model for PV panel calculations. The hybrid system is modelled and the obtained results presented and discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Willemite photoluminescence in Zn‐implanted silica glasses
Authors: Zatsepin Anatoly , Buntov Evgeny , Kortov Vsevolod , Gavrilov Nikolai , Fitting Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe photoluminescence properties of α‐Zn2SiO4 nanoparticles formed in the SiO2 by means of ion implantation and subsequent 900 °C, 1 hour annealing in air atmosphere. Both X‐ray diffraction, optical and photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirm the formation of willemite phase Zn2SiO4 in SiO2 matrices. The characteristic 2.4 eV PL band observed resembles the properties of classical Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphor, though no manganese were introduced into the samples. PL excitation spectra demonstrate the contribution of willemite and silica band states, thus suggesting interphase energy transfer mechanism. Thermal quenching and lifetimes of the luminescence observed provide the clues to figure out the nature of emission centres. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron transport through a metallic nanoparticle assembly embedded in SiO2 and SiNx by low energy ion implantation
Authors: Bayle M. , Grisolia J. , Ben Assayag G. , Pecassou B. , Bonafos C. , Benzo P. , Gourbilleau F. , Carles R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOriginal substrates have been developed to offer a new approach to modulate and analyse simultaneously electro‐optical and transport properties through an assembly of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Using low energy ion implantation, silver NPs have been synthesized at the vicinity of the free surface of a SiO2 or SiNx matrix. Varying the parameters of the process allows us to modify the density of NPs and their distance to the surface. While Ag NPs surface fraction in SiO2 cannot exceed 20%, it reaches 30% in SiNx. In the latter case, NPs with mean diameter is about 2.1 nm have an interdistance compatible with tunnel effect. We then developed devices that electrically address the embedded assembly of NPs for I‐V characterization. The transport measurements on these devices show that an exploitable conduction is possible within the Ag NPs assembly in SiNx. The Arrhenius‐type temperature dependence model was successfully applied demonstrating that electron transport follows a simple thermally activated behaviour with the occurrence of a strongly localized regime. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture and forestry: opportunities and trade‐offs
Authors: Locatelli Bruno , Pavageau Charlotte , Pramova Emilia , Di Gregorio Monica 
Published: September 2015

Although many activities can jointly contribute to the climate change strategies of adaptation and mitigation, climate policies have generally treated these strategies separately. In recent years, there has been a growing interest shown by practitioners in agriculture, forestry, and landscape management in the links between the two strategies. This review explores the opportunities and trade‐offs when managing landscapes for both climate change mitigation and adaptation; different conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation are highlighted. Under a first conceptualization of ‘joint outcomes,’ several reviewed studies analyze how activities without climatic objectives deliver joint adaptation and mitigation outcomes. In a second conceptualization of ‘unintended side effects,’ the focus is on how activities aimed at only one climate objective—either adaptation or mitigation—can deliver outcomes for the other objective. A third conceptualization of ‘joint objectives’ highlights that associating both adaptation and mitigation objectives in a climate‐related activity can influence its outcomes because of multiple possible interactions. The review reveals a diversity of reasons for mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation separately or jointly in landscape management. The three broad conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation suggest different implications for climate policy mainstreaming and integration. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:585–598. doi: 10.1002/wcc.357This article is categorized under:

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Methods of Integrated Assessment of Climate Change
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
Impact of Genetic Counseling in Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer in Italy
Authors: Godino Lea , Razzaboni Elisabetta , Bianconi Margherita , Turchetti Daniela 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs the impact of breast cancer (BC) risk assessment in asymptomatic women with a family history of BC had never been explored in Italy, we performed a study on a retrospective series of women who had undergone BC risk assessment. To this aim, a semi‐structured telephone interview was administered to 82 women. Most participants considered the information received as clear (96.2 %) and helpful (76.8 %). Thirty‐eight (46.3 %) stated that their perceived risk of BC had changed after the counseling: for 40.2 % it had decreased, for 6.1 % increased; however, women highly overestimating their risk at the baseline (≥4‐fold) failed to show improvements in risk perception accuracy. Sixty‐six women (80.5 %) stated they had followed the recommended surveillance, while 19.5 % had not, mainly due to difficulties in arranging examinations. Most women (89.0 %) had shared the information with their relatives, with 57.3 % reporting other family members had undertaken the recommended surveillance. BC risk assessment was associated with high rates of satisfaction and had a favorable impact on risk perception in a subgroup of women. The impact on surveillance adhesion extended to relatives. Organized programs for identification and surveillance may help identify a larger fraction of at‐risk women and overcome the reported difficulties in arranging surveillance.
Brain and Liver Headspace Aldehyde Concentration Following Dietary Supplementation with n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Ross Brian M. , Babay Slim , Malik Imran 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species react with unsaturated fatty acids to form a variety of metabolites including aldehydes. Many aldehydes are volatile enough to be detected in headspace gases of blood or cultured cells and in exhaled breath, in particular propanal and hexanal which are derived from omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Aldehydes are therefore potential non‐invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress and of various diseases in which oxidative stress is thought to play a role including cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It is unclear, however, how changes in the abundance of the fatty acid precursors, for example by altered dietary intake, affect aldehyde concentrations. We therefore fed male Wistar rats diets supplemented with either palm oil or a combination of palm oil plus an n‐3 fatty acid (alpha‐linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, or docosahexaenoic acids) for 4 weeks. Fatty acid analysis revealed large changes in the abundance of both n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in the liver with smaller changes observed in the brain. Despite the altered fatty acid abundance, headspace concentrations of C1–C8 aldehydes, and tissue concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, did not differ between the 4 dietary groups. Our data suggest that tissue aldehyde concentrations are independent of fatty acid abundance, and further support their use as volatile biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Wagering the future: Cognitive distortions, impulsivity, delay discounting, and time perspective in adolescent gambling
Authors: Cosenza Marina , Nigro Giovanna 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship of cognitive distortions, self‐reported impulsivity, delay discounting, and time perspective to gambling severity in Italian adolescents. One thousand and thirty high school students were administered the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS‐RA), the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11), the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ), and the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC‐14). A factor analysis, used to evaluate common factors assessed by the different measures, revealed a three‐factor structure of Cognitive distortions, Impulsive present orientation, and Delay discounting. The results of regression analysis using factor scores showed that males scored higher than females on the SOGS‐RA and that gambling severity correlated positively with high scores on the three factors. These results indicate that cognitive distortions associated with gambling are a powerful predictor of gambling severity, and that adolescent gamblers are impaired in their abilities to think about the future.
IMPRUDENT JURISPRUDENCE? HUMAN RIGHTS AND MORAL CONTINGENCY
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOliver O'Donovan is mistaken to think that subjective rights are irredeemably bound up with Hobbesian individualism, but correct to criticize their abstraction from deliberation about a wider range of moral considerations. As Grotius's thinking shows, the existence of a natural, moral right against physical harm depends on the contingent presence or absence of morally significant circumstances. There is, however, an important distinction between natural moral rights outside a particular, effective legal system and positive rights granted by such a system. Positive rights are less contingent and more stable, because society thinks it prudent to bear the social costs of that stability. Take, for example, the positive right against torture. This is not based simply on the intrinsic evil of what is done to the tortured. It is based partly on the intrinsic evil of the sadistic motive of the torturer. However, this motive obtains only in some cases, not others. Let us distinguish the latter as cases of “aggressive interrogation.” There might be instances of such interrogation that are conscientious and morally justified, all considerations of social cost and risk apart. There is, therefore, no natural moral right against it. Nonetheless, its general legal prohibition under a positive right against torture is justified by the prudential judgment that any possible momentary advantages to national security are outweighed by the high risk of social and institutional corruption and its political costs. That said, extraordinary circumstances might still justify—morally—the rare violation of the positive, legal right.
THE END OF THE BEGINNING: VIRGIL'S AENEID IN OVID, AMORES 1.2
Authors: Goh Ian 
Published: September 2015

It is well known that Ovid's Amores begin with a reference to Virgil's Aeneid in the very first word, arma (‘weapons’, Am. 1.1.1 = Verg. Aen. 1.1), which implies that the elegist had been composing epic before Cupid, by stealing a foot, apparently forced him to write elegy. In spite of this incapacitation at the hands of the love god, Ovid continues to toy with Virgil's epic by making the first two poems of his collection of elegiacs into a mini-Aeneid, or – to be precise – by making the second poem of the collection into the second half of the Aeneid. One result is that the three-book edition of Amores threatens to be over even before it has begun. Another is that Ovid can be identified with the Latin enemies, on the wrong side of history, from the Aeneid. I restrict the argument largely to what can be observed in Amores 1.2, leaving aside, for instance, the possibility that Ovid shot by Cupid's arrow in 1.1 might be thought comparable to Dido, similarly shot and causing Aeneas to dally in Carthage with her in Aeneid 4.
Household livelihoods and conflict with wildlife in community-based conservation areas across northern Tanzania
Authors: Salerno Jonathan , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique , Grote Mark N. , Ghiselli Margherita , Packer Craig 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConservation strategies to protect biodiversity and support household livelihoods face numerous challenges. Across the tropics, efforts focus on balancing trade-offs in local communities near the borders of protected areas. Devolving rights and control over certain resources to communities is increasingly considered necessary, but decades of attempts have yielded limited success and few lessons on how such interventions could be successful in improving livelihoods. We investigated a key feature of household well-being, the experience of food insecurity, in villages across Tanzania's northern wildlife tourist circuit. Using a sample of 2,499 primarily livestock-keeping households we compared food insecurity in villages participating in the country's principal community-based conservation strategy with nearby control areas. We tested whether community-based projects could offset the central costs experienced by households near strictly protected areas (i.e. frequent human–wildlife conflict and restricted access to resources). We found substantial heterogeneity in outcomes associated with the presence of community-based conservation projects across multiple project sites. Although households in project villages experienced more frequent conflict with wildlife and received few provisioned benefits, there is evidence that these households may have been buffered to some degree against negative effects of wildlife conflict. We interpret our results in light of qualitative institutional factors that may explain various project outcomes. Tanzania, like many areas of conservation importance, contains threatened biodiversity alongside areas of extreme poverty. Our analyses highlight the need to examine more precisely the complex and locally specific mechanisms by which interventions do or do not benefit wildlife and local communities.
Illegal bird hunting in the Maltese Islands: an international perspective
Authors: Raine André F. , Gauci Mark , Barbara Nicholas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIllegal hunting is a widespread problem in the Maltese Islands. As well as having a significant impact on the islands' breeding birds, the illegal hunting of migratory birds has a wider, international dimension. To investigate the international impact of illegal hunting in Malta we considered the entire ring recovery database of the Valletta Bird Ringing Scheme, from the 1920s to the present. All records of birds that were ringed overseas and shot by hunters in Malta were analysed, comprising a total of 435 records of 84 species from 36 countries. The majority of these ring recoveries (91.7%) were from species listed as protected and non-huntable throughout the European Union, with a significant proportion listed as European Species of Conservation Concern. Birds of prey were particularly represented in the database, 78.6% of which were ringed as nestlings or juveniles, highlighting the impact of illegal hunting on this group of species in particular. Species targeted illegally by Maltese hunters originate from countries throughout Europe and Africa, particularly Finland, Sweden, Tunisia, Italy and Germany. For rare species or those with small breeding populations in affected countries, illegal hunting could therefore have a significant impact on the long-term persistence of European populations. Poaching of species such as the pallid harrierCircus macrourusand saker falconFalco cherrugcould have a global impact on their populations.
Differing brain structural correlates of familial and environmental risk for major depressive disorder revealed by a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach
Authors: Opel N. , Zwanzger P. , Redlich R. , Grotegerd D. , Dohm K. , Arolt V. , Heindel W. , Kugel H. , Dannlowski U. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundNeuroimaging traits of either familial or environmental risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) have been interpreted as possibly useful vulnerability markers. However, the simultaneous occurrence of familial and environmental risk might prove to be a major obstacle in the attempt of recent studies to confine the precise impact of each of these conditions on brain structure. Moreover, the exclusive use of group-level analyses does not permit prediction of individual illness risk which would be the basic requirement for the clinical application of imaging vulnerability markers. Hence, we aimed to distinguish between brain structural characteristics of familial predisposition and environmental stress by using both group- and individual-level analyses.MethodWe investigated grey matter alterations between 20 healthy control subjects (HC) and 20 MDD patients; 16 healthy first-degree relatives of MDD patients (FH+) and 20 healthy subjects exposed to former childhood maltreatment (CM+) by using a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach.ResultsWe found similar grey matter reductions in the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex in patients and FH+ subjects and in the hippocampus in patients and CM+ subjects. No direct overlap in grey matter alterations was found between FH+ and CM+ subjects. Pattern classification successfully detected subjects at risk for the disease even by strictly focusing on morphological traits of MDD.ConclusionsFamilial and environmental risk factors for MDD are associated with differing morphometric anomalies. Pattern recognition might be a promising instrument in the search for and future application of vulnerability markers for MDD.
Retrieval of an intra-cardiac embolised very long wire via transhepatic access from a war victim child
Authors: Baspinar Osman , Sahin Derya A. , Yildirim Ali 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present the case report of a war victim child with severe burn scars, orthopnoea, and dyspnoea due to diffuse pulmonary thromboembolism. During ICU stay, a central venous catheter’s 45-mm wire embolised into the heart. The embolised wire was successfully removed via transhepatic access through the creation of an artificial simple snare.