bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bethlem myopathy: A novel homozygous variant of c.385C>T (p.Arg129Cys) in the COL6A2 gene
Authors: Kachuei Maryam , Orangi Kiana , Mohammadi Aynaz , Mohammadi Mohammad , Mojbafan Marzieh 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case highlights the challenges in diagnosing Bethlem myopathy, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management.AbstractBethlem myopathy (BM), a rare collagen VI‐related myopathy, is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and contractures, typically affecting the proximal muscles and joints. This case report presents a 15‐year‐old girl from Tehran, Iran, with a 5‐year history of severe limb pain and progressive weakness. Born to consanguineous parents, the patient displayed delayed walking milestones and significant hypotonia, leading to a waddling gait and lumbar hyperlordosis. Neurological examination revealed marked proximal lower limb weakness, a positive Gowers' sign, and absent myotatic reflexes. Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels and electromyography (EMG) results indicated myopathy, while nerve conduction studies showed no neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous variant of c.385C>T (p.Arg129Cys) in the COL6A2 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) per American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines due to its rarity and specific phenotype association. Differential diagnosis is essential to distinguish it from other neuromuscular conditions. Management primarily focuses on symptom relief and enhancing patients' quality of life. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing BM, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management.
A giant lobular capillary haemangioma of the caruncle
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Kumar Arushi 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageCaruncle lesions are uncommon, though it may be involved by a wide variety of lesions including tumors and cysts of the conjunctiva, skin, or lacrimal gland. Lobular capillary haemangioma of the caruncle is a rare occurrence but may mimic some primary or secondary malignant neoplasms. Excision and histopathological examination confirm the diagnosis.AbstractThe caruncle lesions are uncommon. Lobular capillary haemangioma involving caruncle is a rare occurrence. We present a case of large lobular capillary haemangioma of caruncle in a 10‐year‐old boy, was treated successfully by surgical excision.
Machine Learning‐Driven Selection of Two‐Dimensional Carbon‐Based Supports for Dual‐Atom Catalysts in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Tan Zhen , Li Xinyu , Zhao Yanzhang , Zhang Zhen , Qinfeng Shi Javen , Li Haobo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by metal catalysts featuring dual‐atomic active sites, supported on two‐dimensional carbon‐nitrogen materials, holds promise for enhanced efficiency. The potential synergy between various support materials and transition metal compositions in influencing reaction performance has been recognized. However, systematic studies on the selection of optimal support materials remain limited, primarily due to the intricate structure of dual‐atom catalysts generating a variety of potential adsorption sites. Incorporating the influence of support materials further amplifies computational challenges, doubling the already substantial calculation requirements. This study addresses this challenge by introducing a machine learning approach to expedite the identification of the most stable intermediate adsorption sites and simultaneous prediction of adsorption energy. This innovative method significantly reduces computational costs, enabling the simultaneous consideration of active sites and support materials. We explore the use of both graphene‐like (g−)C2N and g‐C9N4 materials, revealing their main distinction in the adsorption capacity for the intermediate *CHO. This variation is attributed to the different C : N ratios influencing support for the active site through distinct charge transfer conditions. Our findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of dual‐atom catalysts.
Modular 1,2‐Selective Carboarylation of Conjugated Dienes Under Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Chen Kaixin , Lin Jie , Guo Jiawei , Chen Haihong , Li Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA highly 1,2‐regioselective cobalt‐catalyzed alkylarylation of conjugated dienes in a stereoretentive fashion has been disclosed. Indeed, the anion‐coordination played a critical role for tuning the reactivity of arylzinc pivalates, thereby efficiently steering the cobalt‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction via radical relay pathway. Moreover, this protocol also distinguished by its mild conditions, ample substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
Application of Hydrogen Spillover to Enhance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pan Shuyuan , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlkaline water splitting has shown great potential for industrial‐scale hydrogen production. However, its broad application is constrained by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, which struggle to achieve optimal current density at low overpotential. The utilization of the hydrogen spillover effect to augment the performance of HER represents a burgeoning area of research. Although previous studies mainly focused on hydrogen spillover in acidic media, the latest studies have shown that hydrogen spillover also exists under alkaline conditions, and its role in improving HER performance cannot be ignored. This review examines the mechanisms of HER under acidic and alkaline conditions, elucidating the distinctive behavior of hydrogen spillover in these environments and its influence on catalytic processes. At the same time hydrogen spillover characterization methods are systematically summarized, these technologies for understanding and control of hydrogen release process provides strong support. Finally, the recent electrocatalysts that enhance the catalytic performance of alkaline HER by hydrogen spillover effect are comprehensively sorted out and summarized. This review not only demonstrate the practical value of hydrogen spillover under alkaline conditions, but also provide new directions for future design and optimization of electrocatalysts.
Direct Oxidation of Methane to C1 Oxygenates on Cu/ZSM‐5: Reaction Property and Configuration of Cu Species
Authors: Zhang Shoujie , Ye Jiajie , Shen Jia , Guo Yanglong , Zhan Wangcheng , Wang Li , Tang Xuan , Dai Sheng , Guo Yun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect oxidation of methane (DOM) under mild conditions is arguably one of the holy grails in chemistry. Cu‐based zeolite catalysts have attracted much attention for their high yield and selectivity of C1 oxygenates. However, the structure‐activity relationships of DOM remain controversial due to the complex configurations of Cu on zeolites. Herein, we prepared Cu/ZSM‐5 catalysts with various Cu loading and investigated the effects of Cu configurations on the DOM reaction. By combining the characterization techniques and evaluating the catalytic performance, we found that the configurations of Cu species could significantly affect the yield and distribution of C1 oxygenates, which was strongly dependent on Cu loading. The highly dispersed mononuclear CuII in the channels of ZSM‐5 is proved to be highly active. While the multinuclear Cu species inhibit the formation of HCOOH, simultaneously suppressing the overall reaction yield. The agglomerated CuO species on the surface of ZSM‐5 show a relatively low correlation with DOM reaction. Thus, the relationship between the yield of C1 oxygenates and Cu loading exhibits a typical volcanic curve and 2.2 wt.% Cu/ZSM‐5 possess the best performance using H2O2 as oxidant (productivity of 17,000 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with 98.6 % selectivity at 50 °C).
Solar‐Driven Reforming of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Renewable Biohydrogen: A Review
Authors: Luu Xuan‐Cuong , Phan Thi Lan‐Anh , Raizada Pankaj , Singh Pardeep , Nguyen Lan Huong , Ghotekar Suresh , Nguyen Van‐Huy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo date, humans are looking for suitable energy sources to meet the global demand for fuels. Among many candidates, biohydrogen (bio‐H2), a future fuel perspective, is expected to grow critically and receive considerable attention to replace fossil fuels. This review focuses on biohydrogen production via post‐method photocatalytic reforming of ideal feedstock and abundant lignocellulosic biomass. Renewable biomass precursors are used without net greenhouse gas emissions. This idea holds great promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solution. In particular, many saccharide substrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, etc., have been used as sacrificial reagents in photocatalytic reforming over the past few decades. Among the various substrates, cellulose has attracted worldwide attention since it is the most abundant polymeric biomass resource that can be obtained from many sources. Following, photo‐reforming of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, which aligns with the requirements of sustainable development, is successfully proposed. The overall catalytic efficiency will be discussed regarding the biohydrogen evolution rate (mmol gcat−1 h−1). Finally, the review concluded with challenges and potential opportunities to enhance biohydrogen are also given.
Efficient CoCu/SiO2 Catalyst Derived from Co(Cu) Silicate for Aqueous‐Phase Furfural Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Fan Zhili , Wu Dongfang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConverting the abundant biomass resources in nature into fine chemicals can not only reduce carbon emissions but also effectively deal with the depletion of fossil energy, which is of strategic significance for sustainable development. In this paper, by optimizing the content of bimetallic components, highly active co‐doped Co1Cu3 bimetallic silicate was designed and synthesized. After reduction, a highly dispersed and stable Co1Cu3/SiO2 catalyst was obtained, which was used to catalyze the aqueous phase hydrogenation of furfural (FFR) to cyclopentanone (CPO). Compared with the traditional supported catalyst, the Co1Cu3/SiO2‐ammonia evaporation (AE)‐300 catalyst prepared by AE has the best performance. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of FFR was as high as 95.1 % and the selectivity of CPO was 88.6 %. This high activity can be attributed to the formation of highly dispersed and uniform metal active sites with low content of Co. At the same time, the formation of flocculent silicate enhances the synergism between CoCu and SiO2 support and increases the specific surface area of the catalyst. In addition, the experimental results show that the reaction carbon balance will be destroyed with the high concentration of FFR solution.
pH Dependence of Noble Metals Dissolution: Gold
Authors: Stojanovski Kevin , Briega‐Martos Valentín , Zlatar Matej , Göllner Christian , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical applications of gold span the entire pH spectrum. Recently, gold dissolution in acidic and alkaline media has been studied, but less attention has been given to electrolytes at intermediate pH values. To address this gap, this work uses on‐line electrochemical dissolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) to examine gold dissolution across a pH range of 1 to 12.7 using phosphate buffer solutions. All experimental parameters, except pH, are kept constant, enabling a clear investigation of pH effects on anodic (gold oxidation) and cathodic (gold oxide reduction) dissolution processes. Results show that dissolution amounts are lowest at neutral pH values between 3 and 7, varying with the applied potential and exposure time. Anodic and cathodic dissolution dominate in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Depending on the highest applied potentials and time exposure, the main dissolution mechanism shifts at pH=5, 7, and 9. The pH dependence of Au dissolution is proposed to be linked to the nature of gold oxides formed, the kinetics of oxide formation/reduction, gold ion redeposition, and the influence of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on dissolution. These results provide fundamental insights into gold dissolution under neutral pH conditions.
Synthesis of Aryl Naphthoquinones and Maleimides via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Template‐Assisted m−C(sp2)−H Functionalization Reaction
Authors: Dutta Ananya , Jeganmohan Masilamani 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn efficient approach for the synthesis of substituted aryl naphthoquinones via a Pd(II)‐catalyzed template‐assisted m−C(sp2)−H bond functionalization reaction of arylmethane sulfonates have been demonstrated. The method involves usage of less expensive and abundant pharmacologically important scaffold naphthoquinone. A wide range of arylmethane sulfonates were examined and found to be compatible with the protocol. The protocol has also been further extended to the synthesis of various substituted aryl maleimide scaffolds. A plausible reaction mechanism has also been proposed to account for the selective distal m−C(sp2)−H bond functionalization reaction.
Observation of the Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of FUS‐LC Using Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Fujii Kentaro , Izumi Yudai , Maita Nobuo , Matsuo Koichi , Kato Masato 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTo reveal the structural mechanism by which the low‐complexity domain of the fused in sarcoma protein (FUS‐LC) mediates liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), we conducted a vacuum‐ultraviolet circular dichroism (VUV‐CD) spectroscopic study, a technique to analyze the secondary structures of proteins. The VUV‐CD measurements were performed at the BL12 VUV‐CD station at the Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center (HiSOR) in Japan. CD spectra were measured between 180 and 260 nm while controlling the temperature of samples from 37°C to 5°C to obtain the LLPS of FUS‐LC. The CD spectrum obtained at 37°C exhibited a large negative peak at 195 nm and a small negative shoulder near 220 nm. The peak intensity around 195 nm decreased as the sample temperature decreased. The spectral changes originated from the LLPS formation.
Family and nonfamily female directors' effect on CSR strategy
Authors: Cambrea Domenico Rocco , Tenuta Paolo , Naciti Valeria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy investigating a sample of industrial Italian listed firms for the years 2003–2020, this research aims to explore two main relationships. First, the study examines the association between the ratio of female directors and CSR strategy score in both family and nonfamily firms. Second, it investigates the link between family female directors and nonfamily female directors within the subsample of family firms. The empirical findings show the existence of a positive link between the ratio of female directors and CSR strategy score only in the subsample of family firms and that this result is driven by the percentage of nonfamily female directors. Additional analyses, aiming to elucidate the heterogeneity of family female directors, report that family females who have an executive role on the board are beneficial for the CSR strategy score, whereas family females who are interlocked and with long tenure are detrimental for the CSR strategy score.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the ED‐15 in People With an Eating Disorder
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Pellizzer Mia , Keegan Ella , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examines the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder‐15 questionnaire (ED‐15) in a large clinical sample, as well as the instrument's sensitivity to early clinical change in therapy and ability to measure remission.MethodParticipants with eating disorders (N = 278) referred to the Flinders University Services for Eating Disorders in South Australia completed the ED‐15 as well as other measures of eating disorder symptoms and co‐occurring psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and stress.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a two‐factor model for the ED‐15. The ED‐15 had good internal consistency. It showed satisfactory concurrent validity with moderate correlations with the EDE‐Q global score and contribution of unique variance to that score. Correlations indicated good convergent validity with clinical impairment and good divergent validity from depression, anxiety, and stress. The ED‐15 showed a significant medium effect size change within the first four sessions of therapy. Good discriminant validity was indicated by cut‐off scores used for remission, with significantly different levels of ED psychopathology and other impairments between the two groups.DiscussionThis study adds to the four previous psychometric studies of the ED‐15, confirming robustness of the English version in a clinical sample. The brevity and psychometric robustness of the ED‐15 makes it a preferable measure to the Eating Disorder Examination for sessional assessment of progress in treatment.
Associations Between Weight Discrimination, Eating‐Disorder‐Related Psychiatric Impairment, and Eating‐Disorder Treatment Interest Across the Weight Spectrum
Authors: Thomeczek Marianna L. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Chen Yiyang , Negi Sonakshi , Johnson‐Munguia Sarah , L'Insalata Alexa M. , Rasheed Samiya , Like Emily , McDonald Jacquelyn 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveOnly approximately 20% of college students with an eating disorder (ED) seek treatment. One barrier to seeking treatment is weight discrimination. Past research demonstrates that experiencing weight discrimination is associated with increased ED risk and decreased in‐person treatment engagement. Weight discrimination may be a particularly relevant treatment barrier for students who have a higher body weight given their higher likelihood of experiencing weight discrimination.MethodsCollege students with a probable ED diagnosis (N = 372; Mage = 23.94; 73.12% women, 18.55% men, 6.18% another gender; 11.29% Asian, 4.57% Black, 12.63% Hispanic, 83.60% White, 4.84% Native American, and 0.54% another race) completed an online self‐report survey that included the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Experience of Weight Discrimination (EWD) Scale, and a 0–100 scale to indicate interest in participating in virtual guided self‐help ED treatment.ResultsLinear regression showed significant positive relationships between weight discrimination and ED‐related psychiatric impairment and treatment interest.DiscussionElevations in CIA scores corroborate past literature that suggested that weight discrimination was positively related to ED psychopathology. Contrary to past research, college students who experienced weight discrimination had greater treatment interest. Students who experience weight discrimination may view virtual self‐guided treatment as less weight‐stigmatizing due to the “do‐it‐yourself” approach and no in‐person interactions. Findings highlight the potential impacts of weight discrimination on acceptability of ED‐related care. Future research is needed to identify ways to reduce weight discrimination and promote weight‐inclusive practices in the medical system.
Evidence for feminized genetic males in a flea beetle using newly identified X‐linked markers
Authors: Rohlfing Kim , Grewoldt Malte , Cordellier Mathilde , Dobler Susanne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe equilibrium of sex ratios in sexually reproducing species is often disrupted by various environmental and genetic factors, including endosymbionts like Wolbachia. In this study, we explore the highly female‐biased sex ratio observed in the flea beetle, Altica lythri, and its underlying mechanisms. Ancient hybridization events between Altica species have led to mitochondrial DNA introgression, resulting in distinct mitochondrial haplotypes that go along with different Wolbachia infections (HT1‐wLytA1, HT1*‐ uninfected, HT2‐wLytA2, and HT3‐wLytB). Notably, beetles with some haplotypes exclusively produce female offspring, suggesting potential Wolbachia‐induced phenomena such as feminization of genetic males. However, the observed female bias could also be a consequence of the ancient hybridization resulting in nuclear–cytoplasmic conflicts between introgressed mtDNA and nuclear genes. Through transcriptomic analysis and the program SEX‐DETector, we established markers for genotypic sex differentiation for A. lythri, enabling genetic sexing via qPCR. Our findings suggest that feminization of genetic males is contributing to the skewed sex ratios, highlighting the intricate dynamics of sex determination and reproductive strategies in this flea beetle. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of genetic conflicts, endosymbionts, and sex ratios, revealing the novel phenomenon of genetic male feminization in the flea beetle A. lythri.
How can we measure resource quality when resources differ in many ways? Deconstructing shelter quality in a social fish
Authors: Bose Aneesh P. H. , Brodin Tomas , Katongo Cyprian , Mabo Lwabanya , Jordan Alex 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResource quality is an important concept in ecology and evolution that attempts to capture the fitness benefits a resource affords to an organism. Yet “quality” is a multivariate concept, potentially affected by many variables pertaining to the resource, its surroundings, and the resource chooser. Researchers often use a small number of proxy variables to simplify their estimation of resource quality, but without vetting their proxies against a wider set of potential quality estimators this approach risks overlooking potentially important characteristics that can explain patterns of resource use in their study systems. Here we used Neolamprologus multifasciatus, a group‐living cichlid fish that utilizes empty snail shells as shelter resources, to examine how shells were used by, and partitioned among, group members in relation to a range of attributes, including shell size, intactness, texture, spatial position, and usage by heterospecifics. This approach generated a comprehensive picture of what characteristics contribute to the attractiveness and quality of each shell resource, confirming the importance of two previously proposed shell characteristics, size and intactness, but highlighting the influences of other unexplored variables, including shell spatial position and usage by heterospecifics. We also present a generally applicable “resource attractiveness index” as a means to estimate resource quality based on resource choice data. This index incorporates information from any number of resource characteristics and is of particular use when researchers wish to quantify resource value, but many characteristics jointly contribute to the value and attractiveness of the resource.