bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index is associated with the maternal lines but height is heritable across family lines in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Kelly Gabrielle E , Murrin Celine , Viljoen Karien , O'Brien John , Kelleher Cecily 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesOverweight and obesity is a problem in children in particular and determining pathways of transmission is important in prevention. We aimed to examine associations for body mass index (BMI) across three generations of the same families.ParticipantsMembers of 556 families in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study 2001–2014.SettingCommunity-based study with linkage to health records in the Republic of Ireland.MethodsEmploying a novel mixed-method approach which adjusts for age and familial group, BMI correlations were estimated at three ages of the index child, that is, at birth and at ages 5 and 9. Height was also examined for comparative purposes.ResultsCorrelation of offspring's BMI with that of the mother increased with age (correlation coefficient 0.15 increasing to 0.28, p value <0.001 in all cases) while no consistent pattern was seen with offspring and fathers. There was an association also with each parent and their own mother. Offspring's BMI was correlated to a lesser extent with that of the maternal grandmother while for girls only there was an association with that of the paternal grandmother at ages 0 and 5 (correlation coefficients 0.25, 0.28, p values 0.02, 0.01, respectively). In contrast, height of the child was strongly associated with those of all family members at age 5, but at birth and at age 9 only there was an association with those of the parents and the paternal grandfather. Correlation of offspring's height with those of the mother and father increased with age.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BMI is predominantly associated with the maternal line, possibly either with intrauterine development, or inherited through the X chromosome, or both, while height is a more complex trait with genetic influences of the parents and that of the paternal grandfather predominating.
A note on Weingarten hypersurfaces in the warped product manifold
Authors: Li Haizhong , Wei Yong , Xiong Changwei 
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we consider the closed embedded hypersurface Σ in the warped product manifold [Formula: see text] equipped with the metric g = dr2 + λ(r)2 gN. We give some characterizations of slice {r} × N by the condition that Σ has constant weighted higher-order mean curvatures (λ′)αpk, or constant weighted higher-order mean curvature ratio (λ′)αpk/p1, which generalize Brendle's [Constant mean curvature surfaces in warped product manifolds, Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 117 (2013) 247–269] and Brendle–Eichmair's [Isoperimetric and Weingarten surfaces in the Schwarzschild manifold, J. Differential Geom. 94(3) (2013) 387–407] results. In particular, we show that the assumption convex of Brendle–Eichmair's result [Isoperimetric and Weingarten surfaces in the Schwarzschild manifold, J. Differential Geom. 94(3) (2013) 387–407] is unnecessary. Here pk is the kth normalized mean curvature of the hypersurface Σ. As a special case, we also give some characterizations of geodesic spheres in ℝn, ℍn and [Formula: see text], which generalize the classical Alexandrov-type results.
Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 3 Deficiency or Inhibition Limits Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Musumeci Lucia , Kuijpers Marijke J. , Gilio Karen , Hego Alexandre , Théâtre Emilie , Maurissen Lisbeth , Vandereyken Maud , Diogo Catia V , Lecut Christelle , Guilmain William , Bobkova Ekaterina V. , Eble Johannes A. , Dahl Russell , Drion Pierre , Rascon Justin , Mostofi Yalda , Yuan Hongbin , Sergienko Eduard , Chung Thomas D.Y. , Thiry Marc , Senis Yotis , Moutschen Michel , Mustelin Tomas , Lancellotti Patrizio , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Tautz Lutz , Oury Cécile , Rahmouni Souad 
Published: December 2014

Background—
A limitation of current antiplatelet therapies is their inability to separate thrombotic events from bleeding occurrences. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to platelet activation is important for the development of improved therapies. Recently, protein tyrosine phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of platelet function.

Methods and Results—
This is the first report implicating the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) in platelet signaling and thrombosis. This phosphatase is highly expressed in human and mouse platelets. Platelets from DUSP3-deficient mice displayed a selective impairment of aggregation and granule secretion mediated by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2. DUSP3-deficient mice were more resistant to collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism compared with wild-type mice and showed severely impaired thrombus formation on ferric chloride–induced carotid artery injury. Intriguingly, bleeding times were not altered in DUSP3-deficient mice. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deficiency impaired Syk tyrosine phosphorylation, subsequently reducing phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 and calcium fluxes. To investigate DUSP3 function in human platelets, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of DUSP3 was developed. This compound specifically inhibited collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2–induced human platelet aggregation, thereby phenocopying the effect of DUSP3 deficiency in murine cells.

Conclusions—
DUSP3 plays a selective and essential role in collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2–mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation in vivo. Inhibition of DUSP3 may prove therapeutic for arterial thrombosis. This is the first time a protein tyrosine phosphatase, implicated in platelet signaling, has been targeted with a small-molecule drug.
Age, Sex, and Hospital Factors Are Associated With the Duration of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Hospitalized Patients Who Do Not Experience Sustained Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Authors: Khan Abigail M. , Kirkpatrick James N. , Yang Lin , Groeneveld Peter W. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Merchant Raina M. ,   the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines‐Resuscitation (GWTG‐R) Investigators
Published: December 2014

Background

Variability in the duration of attempted in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) is high, but the factors influencing termination of
CPR
efforts are unknown.

Methods and Results

We examined the association between patient and hospital characteristics and
CPR
duration in 45 500 victims of in‐hospital cardiac arrest who did not experience return of spontaneous circulation (
ROSC
) and who were enrolled in the Get With the Guidelines registry between 2001 and 2010. In a secondary analysis, we performed analyses in 46 168 victims of
in‐hospital cardiac arrest
who experienced
ROSC
. We used ordered logistic regression to identify factors associated with
CPR
duration. Analyses were conducted by tertile of
CPR
duration (tertiles:
ROSC
group: 2 to 7, 8 to 17, and 18 to 120 minutes; no‐
ROSC
group: 2 to 16, 17 to 26, 27 to 120 minutes). In those without
ROSC
, younger age (aged 18 to 40 versus >65 years; odds ratio [
OR]
1.81; 95%
CI
1.69 to 1.95;
P
<0.001), female sex (
OR
1.05; 95%
CI
1.02 to 1.09;
P
=0.005), ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (
OR
1.50; 95%
CI
1.42 to 1.58;
P
<0.001), and the need to place an invasive airway (
OR
2.59; 95%
CI
2.46 to 2.72;
P
<0.001) were associated with longer
CPR
duration. In those with
ROSC
, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (
OR
0.89; 95%
CI
0.85 to 0.93;
P
<0.001) and witnessed events (
OR
0.87; 95%
CI
0.82 to 0.91;
P
<0.001) were associated with shorter duration.

Conclusions

Age and sex were associated with attempted
CPR
duration in patients who do not experience
ROSC
after in‐hospital cardiac arrest but not in those who experience
ROSC
. Understanding the mechanism of these interactions may help explain variability in outcomes for in‐hospital cardiac arrest.
Deficiency of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Delays Inflammatory Response in the Heart Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Daniel Laura L. , Daniels Christopher R. , Harirforoosh Saghar , Foster Cerrone R. , Singh Mahipal , Singh Krishna 
Published: December 2014

Background

Ataxia‐telangiectasia results from mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (
ATM
) gene. We recently reported that
ATM
deficiency attenuates left ventricular (
LV
) dysfunction and dilatation 7 days after myocardial infarction (
MI
) with increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of
ATM
in the induction of inflammatory response, and activation of survival signaling molecules in the heart acute post‐
MI
.

Methods and Results

LV structure, function, inflammatory response, and biochemical parameters were measured in wild‐type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (
hKO
) mice 1 and 3 days post‐MI. ATM deficiency had no effect on infarct size. MI‐induced decline in heart function, as measured by changes in percent fractional shortening, ejection fraction and LV end systolic and diastolic volumes, was lower in
hKO
‐MI versus WT‐MI (n=10 to 12). The number of neutrophils and macrophages was significantly lower in the infarct LV region of
hKO
versus WT 1 day post‐MI. Fibrosis and expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast marker) were higher in
hKO
‐MI, while active TGF‐β1 levels were higher in the WT‐MI 3 days post‐MI. Myocyte cross‐sectional area was higher in
hKO
‐sham with no difference between the two MI groups. MMP‐9 protein levels were similarly increased in the infarct LV region of both MI groups. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the infarct LV region of
hKO
at both time points. Akt activation was lower, while Bax expression was higher in
hKO
‐MI infarct.

Conclusion

ATM
deficiency results in decreased dilative remodeling and delays inflammatory response acute post‐
MI
. However, it associates with increased fibrosis and apoptosis.
The Response of the Indian Ocean Dipole Asymmetry to Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Cowan Tim , Cai Wenju , Ng Benjamin , England Matthew 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The tropical Indian Ocean has experienced a faster warming rate in the west than in the east over the twentieth century. The warming pattern resembles a positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) that is well captured by climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), forced with the two main anthropogenic forcings, long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs), and aerosols. However, much less is known about how GHGs and aerosols influence the IOD asymmetry, including the negative sea surface temperature (SST) skewness in the east IOD pole (IODE). Here, it is shown that the IODE SST negative skewness is more enhanced by aerosols than by GHGs using single-factor forcing experiments from 10 CMIP5 models. Aerosols induce a greater mean zonal thermocline gradient along the tropical Indian Ocean than that forced by GHGs, whereby the thermocline is deeper in the east relative to the west. This generates strong asymmetry in the SST response to thermocline anomalies between warm and cool IODE phases in the aerosol-only experiments, enhancing the negative IODE SST skewness. Other feedback processes involving zonal wind, precipitation, and evaporation cannot solely explain the enhanced SST skewness by aerosols. An interexperiment comparison in one model with strong skewness confirms that the mean zonal thermocline gradient across the Indian Ocean determines the magnitude of the SST–thermocline asymmetry, which in turn controls the SST skewness strength. The findings suggest that as aerosol emissions decline and GHGs increase, this will likely contribute to a future weakening of the IODE SST skewness.
The effect of IPSAS on reforming governmental financial reporting: an international comparison
Authors: Christiaens Johan , Vanhee Christophe , Manes-Rossi Francesca , Aversano Natalia , van Cauwenberge Philippe 
Published: December 2014

Over the past 25 years, significant New Public Management (NPM) reforms, particularly towards accrual accounting, have characterized the public sector in many countries. The diversity in public financial information systems created a need for harmonization, resulting in the elaboration of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). Despite their relevance, little is known on the adoption process of IPSAS. This study aims to examine to what extent IPSAS(-like) accrual accounting is adopted in central/local governments worldwide as well as to investigate which factors affect the differing level of their adoption. Methodologically, a specific questionnaire constructed to obtain relevant information from local experts was sent worldwide to a sample of countries. The study reveals an important move to accrual accounting, particularly to IPSAS accrual accounting, for which there still remains a level of reluctance mainly in central governments, especially in countries where businesslike accrual accounting has been developed. Points for practitioners IPSAS have become the international reference for the development of public sector accounting systems worldwide. For this reason, IPSAS deserve the attention of accounting policy-makers, practitioners and scholars. The current study offers a comparative study of the level of adopting IPSAS worldwide as well as an explanation of the reasons behind the differing levels of adoption. The present study reveals that the transition towards IPSAS necessitates a long period of implementation whereby existing local business accounting regulations hinder jurisdictions from implementing international standards. The explanatory findings provide input for reformers and legislators when designing and developing financial information reforms.
Bisphenol A Concentration in Breast Milk following Consumption of a Canned Coffee Drink
Authors: Tateoka Yumiko 
Published: December 2014

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is generally considered to be an endocrine disruptor. Previous reports indicate that the BPA content in breast milk is higher than that in serum; however, BPA is considered to be excreted in the urine and not to accumulate in the body. Objective: The current study aimed at evaluating the migration of BPA from a commercially available canned coffee drink in a container that was coated with vinyl chloride resin into breast milk. Methods: Ten women who had breastfed for ≥12 months, were ready to cease breastfeeding, and drank commercially available canned coffee drinks daily were approached to participate. A canned coffee drink in which the can contained vinyl chloride resin was chosen. Samples (5 mL each) of urine and breast milk were collected prior to and after ingestion (1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h) of a 190-mL canned coffee drink. BPA measurements were conducted using an ELISA kit. Results: Each 190-mL can of coffee contained 196.9 ng/mL BPA, resulting in 37.4 μg that was consumed in each drink. In breast milk, peak BPA excretion occurred at 1 hour; in urine, excretion occurred rapidly during the first hour, remaining relatively unchanged at 2 hours. Conclusion: The present results indicate that BPA is excreted into the breast milk in addition to the urine and feces. Therefore, it is important to reduce both direct and indirect dietary BPA intake.
On the Dynamic Transmission of Mean and Volatility across the Arab Stock Markets
Authors: Bouri Elie , Azzi Georges 
Published: December 2014

This article applies a multivariate model to uncover the dynamic mean and volatility interdependence across the markets of Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arabic Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Oman from June 2005 to January 2012. Results show that the Arab Middle East and North African equity markets are interconnected by their volatilities and not by their returns, which makes risk reduction possible. Volatility persistence and innovations in one market enclose figures that are valuable to investors and risk managers seeking to predict volatility in other markets. Surprisingly, we find evidence of significant volatility spillover from small to larger markets. JEL Classification: G1, G15, G17, C22, C32
Psychosocial short stature with psychosis: a case report
Authors: Wattchow Naomi , Lee Hsu-en , Brock Philip 
Published: December 2014

Objective: Our objective was to report and describe a case of psychosocial short stature in an adolescent girl with psychotic features. Psychosocial short stature is a rare condition in which emotional stress or deprivation in childhood profoundly reduces growth, leading to persistent short stature. This disorder is variably known as psychosocial dwarfism, hyperphagic short stature or maternal deprivation dwarfism. In the literature, psychosocial short stature has not been associated previously with psychosis. Conclusions: We formulate that our patient’s short stature, developmental regression and psychotic features were culminations of insecure mother–child attachment, personal traumatic experiences, immigrant status, high family expressed emotions and social isolation. Neuropsychiatric influences were critically regarded due to our patient’s fluctuations in behaviour and affect, in the setting of cortical volume loss on brain MRI. Diagnostic hypotheses included childhood disintegrative disorder or childhood-onset schizophrenia. The management plan involved inpatient family psychoeducation, a pharmacological trial with an atypical antipsychotic and community mental health service follow-up for family therapy and psychotherapy.
The structure and reliability of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales
Authors: Speak Barry , Muncer Steven 
Published: December 2014

Objective: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) has been suggested as an outcome measure for the evaluation of mental health services in several countries; however, the scoring, reliability and structure of HoNOS are all ambiguous. Methods: A total of 80,161 completed HoNOS forms were checked for internal reliability and structural integrity. Parallel analysis was used to investigate the likelihood that HoNOS consists of 12 independent scales. The reliability of the scale was investigated using ordinal reliability analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor structure. Results: Parallel analysis suggested that HoNOS had three underlying factors and could not be considered as 12 independent scales. The 12-item scale had good reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis found that a one factor, four-item scale produced the most acceptable fit. Conclusions: HoNOS should not be considered as 12 independent scales. Although the four-item scale is acceptable psychometrically, it has practical problems, as it focuses only on the social aspects of outcome measurement. It is possible that there are other factor structures that would encompass more items, but any study of these should test for invariance between groups of service users.
Simplified methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats and for detection of cats with low or borderline glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Paepe Dominique , Lefebvre Hervé P , Concordet Didier , van Hoek Ingrid , Croubels Siska , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: December 2014

Objectives Diagnosis of early feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best overall indicator of kidney function, but multisample plasma clearance methods to determine GFR are labour intensive, time consuming and stressful for feline patients. This study aimed to develop simplified methods to detect decreased GFR in cats. Methods Data from a nine-sample combined plasma exogenous creatinine–iohexol clearance test of 73 cats were used. Limited sampling strategies were developed by comparing all sampling time combinations with the complete nine sampling times set and selecting the best sampling time combinations based on maximum relative error. By regression analysis, the ability of routine blood (serum creatinine, serum urea) and urine (urine specific gravity, urinary protein:creatinine ratio) variables to predict GFR or identify cats with low or borderline GFR was examined. Cut-off clearance marker concentrations to predict low or borderline GFR was determined at three time points after marker injection. All procedures were analysed for three clearance markers (exo-iohexol, creatinine, endo-iohexol). Results For reliable estimation of GFR, at least three blood samples for clinical purposes and five blood samples for research purposes are required. Regression formulae based on routine variables did not reliably predict GFR, but accurately identified cats with low (sensitivity 96.5–98.2%; specificity 60–91.3%) or borderline (sensitivity 91.1–96%; specificity 76.5–81.8%) GFR. Clearance marker concentrations exceeding given marker cut-off concentrations also identified cats with low or borderline GFR with high sensitivities and specificities. Conclusions and relevance These simplified methods will facilitate the detection of early kidney dysfunction in cats. Early diagnosis allows timely therapeutic intervention, and future studies must reveal whether this improves the long-term outcome of cats with CKD.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Distinguishing Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms From Serous Oligocystic Adenomas in Spectral CT Images
Authors: Li Chao , Lin Xiaozhu , Hui Chun , Lam Kin Man , Zhang Su 
Published: December 2014

Objective: This preliminary study aims to verify the effectiveness of the additional information provided by spectral computed tomography (CT) with the proposed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme to differentiate pancreatic serous oligocystic adenomas (SOAs) from mucinous cystic neoplasms of pancreas cystic lesions. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2010 to October 2013. Twenty-three patients (5 men and 18 women; mean age, 43.96 years old) with SOA and 19 patients (3 men and 16 women; mean age, 41.74 years old) with MCN were included in this retrospective study. Two types of features were collected by dual-energy spectral CT imaging as follows: conventional and additional quantitative spectral CT features. Classification results of the CAD scheme were compared using the conventional features and full feature data set. Important features were selected using support vector machine classification method combined with feature-selection technique. The optimal cutoff values of selected features were determined through receiver–operating characteristic curve analyses. Results: Combining conventional features with additional spectral CT features improved the overall accuracy from 88.37% to 93.02%. The selected features of the proposed CAD scheme were tumor size, contour, location, and low-energy CT values (43 keV). Iodine–water basis material pair densities in both arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP) were important factors for differential diagnosis of SOA and MCN. The optimal cutoff values of long axis, short axis, 40 keV monochromatic CT value in AP, iodine (water) density in AP, 43 keV monochromatic CT value in PP, and iodine (water) density in PP were 3.4 mm, 3.1 mm, 35.7 Hu, 0.32533 mg/mL, 39.4 Hu, and 0.348 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of conventional features and additional information provided by dual-energy spectral CT shows a high accuracy in the CAD scheme. The quantitative information of spectral CT may prove useful in the diagnosis and classification of SOAs and MCNs with machine learning algorithms.