bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ouabain exerts cytoprotection by diminishing the intracellular K+ concentration increase caused by distinct stimuli in human leukemic cells
Authors: Takechi Masayuki , Wada Tetsuyuki , Yagi Hideki , Masuko Takashi , Kawabata Atsufumi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives
We tested if modulation of cytosolic K+ levels by ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase, exerts cytoprotection against distinct stressful stimuli in human leukemic cells.

Methods
The cytosolic K+, Na+ or Ca2+ levels and the cytotoxicity were evaluated by flow cytometry.

Key findings
Various cytotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet irradiation induced cell death and increased intracellular concentrations of K+, Na+ or Ca2+. Ouabain reduced the cytotoxicity and the elevation of cytosolic levels of K+ but not those of Na+ or Ca2+.

Conclusions
Our data thus suggest that elevated cytosolic K+ levels are associated with the cytotoxicity in response to distinct stressful stimuli and that ouabain exerts cytoprotection most probably by regulating intracellular K+ levels.
Use of silicone tracheal stoma stents for temporary tracheostomy in dogs with upper airway obstruction
Authors: Trinterud T. , Nelissen P. , White R. A. S. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVESTo report the use of silicone tracheal stoma stents for temporary tracheostomy in dogs with upper airway obstruction.METHODSRetrospective review of medical records for dogs in which silicone tracheal stoma stents were placed.RESULTSEighteen dogs had a silicone tracheal stoma stent placed for maintenance of a tracheostomy stoma for periods ranging from three hours to eight months. No intra‐operative or immediate postoperative complications were recorded. In 11 dogs the stent was removed by simple traction after a period ranging from 36 hours to 6 weeks, and the tracheal stoma was left to heal by second intention. Five of the 18 dogs were determined as being tracheostomy dependent and underwent conversion to permanent tracheostomy after a period ranging from five days to eight months following stent placement. One dog was euthanased after three months, with the stent still in place, because of poor respiratory function, and one dog died of unrelated reasons. In 6 of 10 dogs (60%) where the stent was in place for five days or more, granulation tissue formation caused dislodgement of the stent.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESilicone tracheal stoma stents may be used as an alternative to conventional tracheostomy tubes in selected dogs with upper airway obstruction. Long‐term use of the stent beyond five days is not recommended because of granulation tissue formation. The long‐term consequences of partial tracheal ring resection are unknown.
Molecular genetics to inform spatial management in benthic invertebrate fisheries: a case study using the Australian Greenlip Abalone
Authors: Miller K. J. , Mundy C. N. , Mayfield S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHierarchical sampling and subsequent microsatellite genotyping of >2300 Haliotis laevigata (greenlip abalone) from 19 locations distributed across five biogeographic regions have substantially advanced our knowledge of population structure and connectivity in this commercially important species. The study has found key differences in stock structure of H. laevigata compared with the sympatric and congeneric Haliotis rubra (blacklip abalone) and yielded valuable insights into the management of fisheries targeting species characterized by spatial structure at small scales (i.e. S‐fisheries). As with H. rubra, H. laevigata comprise a series of metapopulations with strong self‐recruitment. However, the spatial extent of H. laevigata metapopulations (reefal areas around 30 km2; distances of up to 135 km are effective barriers to larval dispersal) was substantially greater than that identified for H. rubra (Miller et al. 2009). Differences in the dynamics and scale of population processes, even between congeneric haliotids as made evident in this study, imply that for S‐fisheries, it is difficult to generalize about the potential consequences of life history commonalities. Consequently, species‐specific management reflective of the population structure of the target species remains particularly important. This will likely require integration of information about stock structure and connectivity with data on life history and population dynamics to determine the necessary input (e.g. number of fishers, fishing effort) and output (e.g. minimum legal size, total allowable catch) controls to underpin their sustainable management.
Social chromosome variants differentially affect queen determination and the survival of workers in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Buechel Séverine D. , Wurm Yannick , Keller Laurent 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntraspecific variation in social organization is common, yet the underlying causes are rarely known. An exception is the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in which the existence of two distinct forms of social colony organization is under the control of the two variants of a pair of social chromosomes, SB and Sb. Colonies containing exclusively SB/SB workers accept only one single queen and she must be SB/SB. By contrast, when colonies contain more than 10% of SB/Sb workers, they accept several queens but only SB/Sb queens. The variants of the social chromosome are associated with several additional important phenotypic differences, including the size, fecundity and dispersal strategies of queens, aggressiveness of workers, and sperm count in males. However, little is known about whether social chromosome variants affect fitness in other life stages. Here, we perform experiments to determine whether differential selection occurs during development and in adult workers. We find evidence that the Sb variant of the social chromosome increases the likelihood of female brood to develop into queens and that adult SB/Sb workers, the workers that cull SB/SB queens, are overrepresented in comparison to SB/SB workers. This demonstrates that supergenes such as the social chromosome can have complex effects on phenotypes at various stages of development.
Interspecific interactions influence contrasting spatial genetic structures in two closely related damselfly species
Authors: Kahilainen Aapo , Keränen Inka , Kuitunen Katja , Kotiaho Janne S. , Knott K. Emily 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpatial genetic structure (SGS) is largely determined by colonization history, landscape and ecological characteristics of the species. Therefore, sympatric and ecologically similar species are expected to exhibit similar SGSs, potentially enabling prediction of the SGS of one species from that of another. On the other hand, due to interspecific interactions, ecologically similar species could have different SGSs. We explored the SGSs of the closely related Calopteryx splendens and Calopteryx virgo within Finland and related the genetic patterns to characteristics of the sampling localities. We observed different SGSs for the two species. Genetic differentiation even within short distances in C. splendens suggests genetic drift as an important driver. However, we also observed indication of previous gene flow (revealed by a negative relationship between genetic differentiation and increasing potential connectivity of the landscape). Interestingly, genetic diversity of C. splendens was negatively related to density of C. virgo, suggesting that interspecific interactions influence the SGS of C. splendens. In contrast, genetic differentiation between C. virgo subpopulations was low and only exhibited relationships with latitude, pointing to high gene flow, colonization history and range margin effects as the drivers of SGS. The different SGSs of the two ecologically similar species caution indirect inferences of SGS based on ecologically similar surrogate species.
Pathogen burden, co‐infection and major histocompatibility complex variability in the European badger (Meles meles)
Authors: Sin Yung Wa , Annavi Geetha , Dugdale Hannah L. , Newman Chris , Burke Terry , MacDonald David W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPathogen‐mediated selection is thought to maintain the extreme diversity in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, operating through the heterozygote advantage, rare‐allele advantage and fluctuating selection mechanisms. Heterozygote advantage (i.e. recognizing and binding a wider range of antigens than homozygotes) is expected to be more detectable when multiple pathogens are considered simultaneously. Here, we test whether MHC diversity in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles) is driven by pathogen‐mediated selection. We examined individual prevalence (infected or not), infection intensity and co‐infection of 13 pathogens from a range of taxa and examined their relationships with MHC class I and class II variability. This population has a variable, but relatively low, number of MHC alleles and is infected by a variety of naturally occurring pathogens, making it very suitable for the investigation of MHC–pathogen relationships. We found associations between pathogen infections and specific MHC haplotypes and alleles. Co‐infection status was not correlated with MHC heterozygosity, but there was evidence of heterozygote advantage against individual pathogen infections. This suggests that rare‐allele advantages and/or fluctuating selection, and heterozygote advantage are probably the selective forces shaping MHC diversity in this species. We show stronger evidence for MHC associations with infection intensity than for prevalence and conclude that examining both pathogen prevalence and infection intensity is important. Moreover, examination of a large number and diversity of pathogens, and both MHC class I and II genes (which have different functions), provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms driving MHC diversity.
Human Microvascular Pericyte Basement Membrane Remodeling Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment
Authors: Sava Parid , Cook Ian O. , Mahal Rajwant S. , Gonzalez Anjelica L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveNeutrophil extravasation at post‐capillary venules, consisting of EC, PC, and the shared ECM, increases following fibrotic remodeling in the lung, liver, and skin. The role of fibrotic pericyte‐derived ECM in regulating EC activation and neutrophil recruitment remains unexplored.MethodsTo elucidate the role of human pericyte‐derived ECM in EC activation, we characterized PC‐derived ECM following transforming growth factor‐β1, IL‐1β, CCL2, or bleomycin activation, and examined surface adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil recruitment by EC cultured on PC‐ECM.ResultsPro‐inflammatory activation of PC‐induced deposition of compositionally distinct ECM compared with non‐activated control. Bleomycin activation induced fibronectin‐rich and collagen‐poor ECM remodeling by PC, facilitating increased neutrophil transendothelial migration when compared with non‐activated pericyte ECM (49.9 ± 3.4% versus 29.7 ± 1.4%). Increases in fibronectin compared to collagen I, are largely responsible for ECM‐regulated neutrophil recruitment, as EC cultured on fibronectin supported increased neutrophil transmigration compared to collagen I (51.6 ± 6.2% versus 28.0 ± 4.8%). We attribute this difference to increased expression of ICAM‐1 and its redistribution to EC borders.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of human pericyte sensitivity to inflammatory stimuli, inducing fibrotic matrix deposition that regulates EC adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil recruitment.
First evidence of mutualism between ancient plant lineages (Haplomitriopsida liverworts) and Mucoromycotina fungi and its response to simulated Palaeozoic changes in atmospheric CO2
Authors: Field Katie J. , Rimington William R. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Allinson Kate E. , Beerling David J. , Cameron Duncan D. , Duckett Jeffrey G. , Leake Jonathan R. , Pressel Silvia 
Published: September 2014

Summary

The discovery that Mucoromycotina, an ancient and partially saprotrophic fungal lineage, associates with the basal liverwort lineage Haplomitriopsida casts doubt on the widely held view that Glomeromycota formed the sole ancestral plant–fungus symbiosis. Whether this association is mutualistic, and how its functioning was affected by the fall in atmospheric CO2 concentration that followed plant terrestrialization in the Palaeozoic, remains unknown.

We measured carbon‐for‐nutrient exchanges between Haplomitriopsida liverworts and Mucoromycotina fungi under simulated mid‐Palaeozoic (1500 ppm) and near‐contemporary (440 ppm) CO2 concentrations using isotope tracers, and analysed cytological differences in plant–fungal interactions. Concomitantly, we cultured both partners axenically, resynthesized the associations in vitro, and characterized their cytology.

We demonstrate that liverwort–Mucoromycotina symbiosis is mutualistic and mycorrhiza‐like, but differs from liverwort–Glomeromycota symbiosis in maintaining functional efficiency of carbon‐for‐nutrient exchange between partners across CO2 concentrations. Inoculation of axenic plants with Mucoromycotina caused major cytological changes affecting the anatomy of plant tissues, similar to that observed in wild‐collected plants colonized by Mucoromycotina fungi.

By demonstrating reciprocal exchange of carbon for nutrients between partners, our results provide support for Mucoromycotina establishing the earliest mutualistic symbiosis with land plants. As symbiotic functional efficiency was not compromised by reduced CO2, we suggest that other factors led to the modern predominance of the Glomeromycota symbiosis.
A case report of a primary synovial chondromatosis of temporomandibular joint, producing medial displacement of the articular disc
Authors: Droguett C. , Fumeaux J.E. , Skármeta N.P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSynovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare benign cartilaginous metaplasia characterized by the formation of loose bodies within the synovial joint space. This condition presents a specific triad of semiological characteristics featuring pain, swelling, and limitation of function. We will present a clinical case of a 49 years‐old female patient who presented to the clinica Davila's maxillofacial service with severe functional alterations in her right TMJ. Clinically, the patient had a maximum aperture of 15 mm wide, alteration of mandibular dynamics and preauricular pain. Posterior conducting a complete clinical examination and conclusive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings it was decided to perform surgery on the joint. Articular cavity was exposed through a preauriclar approach, where the joint capsule presented no evident alteration. After opening the capsule, we were able to identify and extract multiple cartilaginous bodies both above and below the disc space. The articular surfaces were in good condition, while the articular disc was shifted to the medial portion of the cavity. The removal of the loose bodies was held the meniscopexy of the articular disc with a small joint anchor. The immediate post‐operative period was uneventful, and the patient did not present any alteration with respect to motor function of facial expression. At the 6‐week control, we recorded an increase in maximum mouth opening of 30 mm and a reduction of the pain. Six months later, we recorded an even wider mouth opening with no signs or evidence of recurrence.
Bilateral kissing molars involving a dentigerous cyst: report of a case and discussion of terminology
Authors: Nedjat‐Shokouhi B. , Webb R.M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKissing molars are a rarely reported form of impacted teeth, in which two molars have contacting occlusal surfaces in a single follicular space, with roots pointing in opposite directions. In this article we present a case of bilateral kissing molars with one side involving a dentigerous cyst; there have been no such previously reported cases in the literature. In this article we also discuss some of the aetiological and clinical implications of kissing molars, as well as the controversy over the precise use of this term. To enable simpler and more accurate reporting of such cases, we propose the use of the terms ‘true’ and ‘pseudo‐’ kissing molars, whereby the former should be used to classify impacted molars as originally described, and the latter to be used for any case of a similar nature but which does not completely fulfil these criteria.
Is There a Need for Including Spiritual Care in Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation of Chronic Pain Patients? Investigating an Innovative Strategy
Authors: Garschagen Alexander , Steegers Monique A.H. , van Bergen Alfonsus H.M.M. , Jochijms Johannes A.M. , Skrabanja Titus L.M. , Vrijhoef Hubertus J.M. , Smeets Rob J.E.M. , Vissers Kris C.P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveChronic noncancer pain influences patient's quality of life and their ability to cope. Pain relieving medication and other specific treatments commonly integrated in biopsychosocial rehabilitation demonstrate modest benefits in pain relief and improved functioning of individuals. Spiritual care, covering the fourth dimension provides insight, inspires hope and purpose, and is thought to mediate mental and physical health for patients. This study explores the need for its inclusion in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation and describes the requirements and test environment for evaluation.MethodsOutcomes of spiritual care and interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation in follow‐up studies of randomized controlled trials contained in systematic reviews were summarized. Pubmed, Cochrane, and PsycINFOwere searched, citation tracking was applied, articles of follow‐up studies therein were located. Literature was searched for insights pertaining to requirements for an assessment of including this fourth dimension.ResultsNo systematic reviews for spiritual care were identified. Five systematic reviews of biopsychosocial rehabilitation containing 14 studies describing long‐term outcomes were retrieved. The importance of coping in maintaining long‐term outcomes was empirically illustrated. The required test environment is provided by a structured multidimensional care pathway separating spirituality from well‐being and mental health, with measures of treatment outcome installed enabling a comparison with benchmarks.ConclusionsActive coping seems beneficial for maintaining positive long‐term outcomes of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation Spiritual care may be conducive to active coping. Further research is warranted to explore the additive value of this spiritual care in the context of a multidimensional care pathway.
Tailoring lignin biosynthesis for efficient and sustainable biofuel production
Authors: Liu Chang‐Jun , Cai Yuanheng , Zhang Xuebin , Gou Mingyue , Yang Huijun 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIncreased global interest in a bio‐based economy has reinvigorated the research on the cell wall structure and composition in plants. In particular, the study of plant lignification has become a central focus, with respect to its intractability and negative impact on the utilization of the cell wall biomass for producing biofuels and bio‐based chemicals. Striking progress has been achieved in the last few years both on our fundamental understanding of lignin biosynthesis, deposition and assembly, and on the interplay of lignin synthesis with the plant growth and development. With the knowledge gleaned from basic studies, researchers are now able to invent and develop elegant biotechnological strategies to sophisticatedly manipulate the quantity and structure of lignin and thus to create economically viable bioenergy feedstocks. These concerted efforts open an avenue for the commercial production of cost‐competitive biofuel to meet our energy needs.
The role of forest trees and their mycorrhizal fungi in carbonate rock weathering and its significance for global carbon cycling
Authors: THORLEY RACHEL M. S. , TAYLOR LYLA L. , BANWART STEVE A. , LEAKE JONATHAN R. , BEERLING DAVID J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOn million‐year timescales, carbonate rock weathering exerts no net effect on atmosphericCO2concentration. However, on timescales of decades‐to‐centuries, it can contribute to sequestration of anthropogenicCO2and increase land–ocean alkalinity flux, counteracting ocean acidification. Historical evidence indicates this flux is sensitive to land use change, and recent experimental evidence suggests that trees and their associated soil microbial communities are major drivers of continental mineral weathering. Here, we review key physical and chemical mechanisms by which the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of forest tree roots potentially enhance carbonate rock weathering. Evidence from our ongoing field study at theUK's national pinetum confirms increased weathering of carbonate rocks by a wide range of gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species that form arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal partnerships. We demonstrate that calcite‐containing rock grains underEMtree species weather significantly faster than those underAMtrees, an effect linked to greater soil acidification byEMtrees. Weathering and corresponding alkalinity export are likely to increase with rising atmosphericCO2and associated climate change. Our analyses suggest that strategic planting of fast‐growingEMangiosperm taxa on calcite‐ and dolomite‐rich terrain might accelerate the transient sink for atmosphericCO2and slow rates of ocean acidification.
Heat stress in grapevine: the pros and cons of acclimation
Authors: CARVALHO LUÍSA C. , COITO JOÃO L. , COLAÇO SILVANA , SANGIOGO MAURÍCIO , AMÂNCIO SARA 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHeat stress is a major limiting factor of grapevine production and quality. Acclimation and recovery are essential to ensure plant survival, and the recovery mechanisms can be independent of the heat response mechanisms. An experimental set up with and without acclimation to heat followed by recovery [stepwise acclimation and recovery (SAR) and stepwise recovery (SR), respectively] was applied to two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN), and Trincadeira (TR), with different tolerance to abiotic stress. Major differences were found between leaves of SAR and SR, especially after recovery; in SAR, almost all parameters returned to basal levels while in SR they remained altered. Acclimation led to a swifter and short‐term antioxidative response, affecting the plant to a lesser extent than SR. Significant differences were found among varieties: upon stress, TN significantly increased ascorbate and glutathione reduction levels, boosting the cell's redox‐buffering capacity, while TR needed to synthesize both metabolites, its response being insufficient to keep the redox state at working levels. TR was affected by stress for a longer period and the up‐regulation pattern of antioxidative stress genes was more obvious. In TN, heat shock proteins were significantly induced, but the canonical heat‐stress gene signature was not evident probably because no shutdown of the housekeeping metabolism was needed.
Harlequin Color Change after Abdominal Paracentesis in a Newborn with Neonatal Hemochromatosis
Authors: Cizmeci Mehmet N. , Alagoz Demet , Avsar Mehmet I. , Alis Gulten , Tutanc Murat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHarlequin color change is a distinctive cutaneous phenomenon presenting as a well‐demarcated color change, with half of the body displaying erythema and the other half pallor. Only a few cases have been reported, possibly because of under‐recognition. Recognition of this benign, self‐limited condition may enable physicians to avoid unnecessary interventions. Herein we describe a neonate with nonimmune hydrops fetalis due to neonatal hemochromatosis who developed Harlequin color change after abdominal paracentesis.