bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administrative evil and moral disengagement: The case of torture in apartheid‐era South Africa
Authors: Einolf Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how administrators can commit unethical acts is an important goal of public administration research. This article tests whether moral inversion, taken from Balfour, Adams, and Nickels' theory of administrative evil, can help explain torture, and also proposes and tests Bandura's theory of moral disengagement. It analyzes testimony from perpetrators of torture who testified before the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1996–2000. The results support moral inversion, as perpetrators stated that they believed their actions were morally justified. The results also support displacement of responsibility, as perpetrators shifted responsibility away from themselves and toward actors above or below them in the chain of command. However, the analysis does not support the theory of diffusion of responsibility, as perpetrators did not take the silence of officials outside of their chain of command as approval, but instead anticipated their disapproval and tried to conceal their actions.
Nonresponse to an item assessing firearm ownership: Associations with suicide risk and emotional distress
Authors: Daruwala Samantha E. , Bauder C. Rosie , Bozzay Melanie L. , Bryan Craig J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionFirearms account for more than half of suicide deaths in the United States (US) and both ownership and access are associated with increased risk of intentional and unintentional injury. Despite evidence linking ownership and access to suicide risk, individuals may be reticent to answer questionnaire items assessing ownership. The current study examined characteristics of individuals who do not provide a response (nonresponders) to a firearm ownership item in a community sample.MethodsData were collected from a cross‐sectional online survey of 10,625 US adults. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine demographic, emotional distress, and suicide risk differences across three groups (firearm owners, nonowners, and nonresponders).ResultsNonresponders were significantly younger, more likely to be female and non‐White than firearm owners and nonowners. Nonresponders were less likely to endorse recent suicidal ideation and probable PTSD than firearm owners, but more likely to endorse probable PTSD than nonowners. Firearm owners were significantly more likely to report several correlates of suicide risk than nonowners.ConclusionsNonresponders may be a unique subgroup with distinct demographic, emotional distress, and suicide risk profiles compared to both firearm owners and nonowners. Implications of these findings for future directions are discussed.
A dynamic WUSCHEL/Layer 1 interplay directs shoot apical meristem formation during regeneration in tobacco
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Ayzenshtat Dana , Rather Gulzar A. , Zemach Hanita , Belausov Eduard , Eshed Williams Leor , Bocobza Samuel 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYDe novo shoot apical meristem (SAM) organogenesis during regeneration in tissue culture has been investigated for several decades, but the precise mechanisms governing early‐stage cell fate specification remain elusive. In contrast to SAM establishment during embryogenesis, in vitro SAM formation occurs without positional cues and is characterized by autonomous initiation of cellular patterning. Here, we report on the initial stages of SAM organogenesis and on the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate gene patterning to establish SAM homeostasis. We found that SAM organogenesis in tobacco calli starts with protuberance formation followed by the formation of an intact L1 layer covering the nascent protuberance. We also exposed a complex interdependent relationship between L1 and WUS expression and revealed that any disruption in this interplay compromises shoot formation. Silencing WUS in nascent protuberances prevented L1 formation and caused the disorganization of the outer cell layers exhibiting both anticlinal and periclinal divisions, suggesting WUS plays a critical role in the proper establishment and organization of L1 during SAM organogenesis. We further discovered that silencing TONNEAU1 prevents the exclusive occurrence of anticlinal divisions in the outermost layer of the protuberances and suppresses the acquisition of L1 cellular identity and L1 formation, ultimately impeding SAM formation and regeneration. This study provides a novel molecular framework for the characterization of a WUS/L1 interplay that mediates SAM formation during regeneration.
Whey Protein Supplementation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing a Resistance Training Program: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Furtado Celine de Carvalho , Jamar Giovana , Barbosa Alan Carlos Brisola , Dourado Victor Zuniga , Nascimento José Reinaldo do , Oliveira Glaucia Cristina Antunes Ferraz de , Hi Edgar Matias Bach , Souza Thiago de Arruda , Parada Maria José Gonzalez , Souza Felipe Granado de , Juzwiak Claudia Ridel , Lombardi Império 
Published: August 2024

Background/Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on glycemic control, muscle strength, quality of life, and body composition in older adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes undergoing a resistance training program. Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was carried out with older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Body composition, food intake, muscle strength, glycemic profile, markers of renal function, cardiopulmonary capacity, and quality of life were evaluated. Older adults were randomized into a supplementation group with 33 g of WP consumed twice a week on days of resistance training for 12 weeks supplemented group and a placebo group. Results: In total, 39 older adults were randomized into two groups, 19 in the supplement group and 20 in the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in muscle strength, with the WP group failing to exceed that of the control group. WP supplementation slightly increased blood urea compared with the placebo group (p = .05), but values remained within normal limits. The group that used WP showed a small improvement in mental health, according to the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, but without clinically important improvements. Conclusion: Both groups showed improvements in muscle strength and mass, regardless of supplementation, showing that resistance exercises performed twice a week can contribute to the nonprogression of sarcopenia in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to determine the safe and effective amount of supplementation to improve muscle strength without renal impairment in older adults with diabetes.
The role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in pancreatitis
Authors: Pan Letian , Yin Nuoming , Duan Mingyu , Mei Qixiang , Zeng Yue 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiome plays a vital role in the intestinal ecosystem and has close association with metabolites. Due to the development of metabolomics and microbiomics, recent studies have observed that alteration of either the gut microbiome or metabolites may have effects on the progression of pancreatitis. Several new treatments based on the gut microbiome or metabolites have been studied extensively in recent years. Gut microbes, such as
Bifidobacterium
,
Akkermansia
, and
Lactobacillus
, and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, vitamin, hydrogen sulfide, and alcohol, have different effects on pancreatitis. Some preliminary studies about new intervention measures were based on the gut microbiome and metabolites such as diet, prebiotic, herbal medicine, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to summarize the recent advances about the gut microbiome, metabolites, and pancreatitis in order to determine the potential beneficial role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in pancreatitis.
UK national observational cohort study investigating Tolerance of Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy in the Elderly: the TOASTIE study
Authors: Baxter Mark A , Rowe Michael , Zucker Kieran , Peters Adam L , Rohan Maria , Marsh Alexandra , Gee Abigail L , Quesne Gemma , Heseltine Jonny , Prichard Rachel , Scott Deborah , O'Neill Conor , Brunner Clair , Howells Joni , Conteh Veronica , Aujayeb Avinash , Yan Xiangfei , Rodgers Lisa J , Martin Sally , Dearden Helen 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG) score was developed to predict severe chemotherapy-induced toxicity risk in older adults; validation study results have varied. The Tolerance of Anti-cancer Systemic Therapy in the Elderly study sought to evaluate the CARG score prospectively in a chemotherapy-naïve UK population.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, prospective, observational study recruited patients aged ≥65 years commencing first-line chemotherapy for any solid organ malignancy or setting. Baseline demographics and established frailty measures were recorded. Follow-up data including toxicity and hospital admissions were collected retrospectively. Baseline CARG score predictive ability was assessed.Results339 patients were recruited from 19 centres; median age 73 years (range 65–92), 51.9% male and 54.9% gastrointestinal primary. At baseline, 85% of patients were of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0–1, with median Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) 3 (range 0–8).314 (92.6%) patients had follow-up data; 69 (22.3%) patients experienced Common Terminology for Cancer Adverse Events grade ≥3 toxicity and 84 (27%) required hospital admission during treatment.Increasing CARG risk groups had increased grade ≥3 toxicity (low 19.6%, medium 22.2%, high 28.2%); however, this was non-significant with no evidence of robust predictive performance. Predictive performance of CFS and ECOG PS was superior to CARG. Importantly, patient and clinician perceptions of toxicity risk differed significantly.ConclusionsIn older UK patients with cancer commencing chemotherapy, baseline frailty was prevalent. CARG score did not robustly discriminate or predict high-grade toxicity risk. ECOG and CFS showed superior, although limited, ability to predict and discriminate. This study highlights the need for the development of tools that better predict toxicity in this population.
Sabatolimab in combination with spartalizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma who received prior treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy: a phase 2 multicentre study
Authors: Lin Chia-Chi , Curigliano Giuseppe , Santoro Armando , Kim Dong-Wan , Tai David , Hodi F Stephen , Wilgenhof Sofie , Doi Toshihiko , Sabatos-Peyton Catherine , Szpakowski Sebastian , Chitnis Shripad , Xyrafas Alexandros , Gutzwiller Sabine , Pastore Alessandro , Mach Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the safety/efficacy of sabatolimab plus spartalizumab in patients with melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Design, setting and participantsThis is a phase 1–1b/2, open-label, multinational, multicentre study of patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma or NSCLC with ≥1 measurable lesion.InterventionsPatients were given sabatolimab 800 mg every 4 weeks plus spartalizumab 400 mg every 4 weeks until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression and/or treatment discontinuation.Outcome measuresThe phase 2 primary outcome measure was overall response rate and secondary objectives included evaluation of the safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of sabatolimab in combination with spartalizumab.Results33 patients (melanoma n=16, NSCLC n=17) received sabatolimab plus spartalizumab. 31 (94%) experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE); 15 (46%) experienced grade 3/4 events. The most frequent grade ≥3 AEs for NSCLC were anaemia, dyspnoea and pneumonia (each n=2, 12%); for patients with melanoma, the most frequent grade ≥3 AEs were physical health deterioration, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, pathological fracture and tumour invasion (each n=1; 6%). One (3%) patient discontinued treatment due to AE. Stable disease was seen in three patients with melanoma (19%) and six patients with NSCLC (35%). Median progression-free survival was 1.8 (90% CI 1.7 to 1.9) and 1.7 (90% CI 1.1 to 3.4) months for patients with melanoma and NSCLC, respectively. Patients with stable disease had higher expression levels of CD8, LAG3, programmed death-ligand 1 and anti-T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 at baseline. The pharmacokinetics profile of sabatolimab was consistent with the phase 1 study.ConclusionsSabatolimab plus spartalizumab was well tolerated in patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma or NSCLC who had progressed following antiprogrammed death-1/antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 treatment. Limited antitumour activity was observed. The tolerability of sabatolimab administration supports the potential to explore treatment with sabatolimab in various combination regimens and across a spectrum of tumour types.Trial registration numberNCT02608268.
Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for residual low back pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Liu Xuhao , Liu Hongyan , Dong Yuanwei , Yang Xiaolong , Zou Jinwen , Ren Liangjuan , Liao Tiannan , Gou Xin 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOsteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common complication in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Despite undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) treatment, a significant percentage of OVCF patients (1.8% to 31.9%) continue to experience residual low back pain. While acupuncture has shown promise in relieving this pain, there is currently no systematic review on its efficacy specifically for residual low back pain after PKP in OVCF patients. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for this condition.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search will be conducted, including manual and electronic searches of literature published. Various databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trial Registration Platform, China National Knowledge Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Scientific Journal Database and Wan-fang Database will be explored. Additional sources like bibliographies and meeting minutes will also be searched. All randomised controlled clinical trials related to acupuncture for treating residual low back pain after PKP in OVCF patients will be included. Two researchers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome measure will be pain relief assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) or other validated scales. Secondary outcomes include effectiveness, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), quality of life questionnaire (QUALEFFO-41), follow-up relapse rate and adverse events. If feasible, a meta-analysis using RevMan V.5.3 software will be conducted. Otherwise, descriptive or subgroup analyses will be performed. Database searches will commence after the publication of this agreement, with an estimated commencement date of 1 August 2024.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since this review does not involve individual patient data. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023478838.
‘I’ve just heard that there are people who feel like they need to exercise’: a photo-elicitation study of values and priorities influencing physical activity in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in Uppsala, Sweden
Authors: Engelbrektsson Louise , Ottesen Hedda , Daivadanam Meena , Matta Laran , Alvesson Helle Mølsted 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivePeople living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Sweden engage less in physical activity compared with the general population, contributing to an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. To inform targeted and effective public health interventions, understanding residents’ lived experiences is essential. This study sought to understand the values and priorities associated with physical activity by people living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in Region Uppsala, Sweden, informing a public health intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases and promote healthy and active living.DesignThe study employed a photo-elicitation methodology, combining participants’ photographs with semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.SettingA socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood in the city of Uppsala, Sweden, characterised by a large proportion of households with low income, a large percentage of individuals living on economic aid, high unemployment rates, low educational attainment and high levels of poor health.ParticipantsA total of 15 participants (8 women and 7 men) were purposively sampled between February and August 2023 and recruited via fieldwork, social media and local stakeholders.ResultsParticipants described challenging conditions for physical activity, including conflicting values and priorities between themselves and the local authorities. Four main areas emerged as sources of tension; difficulties influencing decision-making processes affecting the neighbourhood, unmet needs of gender-separated physical activity spaces, discrepancy between the perceived pressure and individual motivation to be active, and their perception of health being solely an individualised responsibility, but their need of support.ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of understanding and navigating the values and priorities influencing physical activity among residents in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood, when designing public health interventions. Findings reveal that residents’ needs for being physically active are not met by the authorities who are perceived to have different priorities, and that the lack of influence of citizen voices undermines trust in the local authorities.
Prostaglandin analogues signal detection by data mining in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Contreras-Salinas Homero , Romero-López María Soledad , Olvera-Montaño Oscar , Rodríguez-Herrera Lourdes Yolotzin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify safety signals of ophthalmic prostaglandin analogues through data mining the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsA data mining search by proportional reporting ratio, reporting OR, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, information component 0.25 and χ2for safety signals detection was conducted to the FAERS database for the following ophthalmic medications: latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost and bimatoprost.Results12 preferred terms were statistically associated: diabetes mellitus, n=2; hypoacusis, n=2; malignant mediastinal neoplasm, n=1; blood immunoglobulin E increased, n=1; cataract, n=1; blepharospasm, n=1; full blood count abnormal, n=1; skin exfoliation, n=1; chest discomfort, n=1; and dry mouth, n=1.Limitation of the studyThe FAERS database’s limitations, such as the undetermined causality of cases, under-reporting and the lack of restriction to only health professionals reporting this type of event, could modify the statistical outcomes. These limitations are particularly relevant in the context of ophthalmic drug analysis, as they can affect the accuracy and reliability of the data, potentially leading to biased or incomplete results.ConclusionsOur findings have revealed a potential relationship due to the biological plausibility among malignant mediastinal neoplasm, full blood count abnormal, blood immunoglobulin E increased, diabetes mellitus, blepharospasm, cataracts, chest discomfort and dry mouth; therefore, it is relevant to continue investigating the possible drug-event association, whether to refute the safety signal or identify a new risk.
Evaluation of the WHO standards to assess quality of care for children with acute respiratory infections: findings of a baseline multicentre assessment (CHOICE) in Italy
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Dagnelut Massimo , Dalena Paolo , Sforzi Idanna , Toniutti Maristella , Felici Enrico , Bressan Silvia , Trobia Gian Luca , Martelossi Stefano , Lubrano Riccardo , Fasoli Silvia , Marchetti Federico , Iuorio Andrea , Grisaffi Chiara , Galiazzo Silvia , Patanè Francesca , Stefani Chiara , Casciana Maria Luisa , Troisi Angela , Barbi Egidio 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundExperience is lacking on the implementation of the WHO standards for improving the quality of care (QOC) for children at facility level. We describe the use of 10 prioritised WHO standard-based quality measures to assess provision of care for children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Italy.MethodsIn a multicentre observational study across 11 emergency departments with different characteristics, we collected 10 WHO standard-based quality measures related to case management of children with ARI and no emergency/priority signs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsData from 3145 children were collected. Major differences in QOC across facilities were observed: documentation of saturation level and respiratory rate varied from 34.3% to 100% and from 10.7% to 62.7%, respectively (p<0.001); antibiotic prescription rates ranged from 22.6% to 80.0% (p<0.001), with significant differences in the pattern of prescribed antibiotic; hospitalisations rates ranged between 2.3% and 30.6% (p<0.001). When corrected for children’s individual sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the variable more consistently associated with each analysed outcome was the individual facility where the child was managed. Higher rates of antibiotics prescription (+33.1%, p<0.001) and hospitalisation (+24.7%, p<0.001) were observed for facilities in Southern Italy, while university centres were associated with lower hospitalisation rates (−13.1%, p<0.001), independently from children’s characteristics.ConclusionsThe use of 10 WHO standard-based measures can help quickly assess QOC for children with ARI. There is an urgent need to invest more in implementation research to identify sustainable and effective interventions to ensure that all children receive high QOC.