bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable tourism: potential of natural tourism in Bogor Botanic Garden
Authors: Maranisya U 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Developing tourism potential in a Botanic Garden is certainly inseparable from sustainable principles that support the principles of conservation and environmental protection. The importance of this research is carried out to be able to evaluate activities, attractiveness and supporting elements of tourism in order to survive and be sustainable. Evaluate using analytical tools to assess the potential of natural tourism in the Bogor Botanic Garden and further associated with the sustainability typology. The research involved three experts (academia, government, industry). This research was conducted by field observation method with the support of secondary data. There are 15 main assessment criteria that have several elements and sub-elements as supporting factors for the success of each criterion. The lowest value is found in environmental factors, namely in the criteria of area carrying capacity which is closely related to the type of activity. The highest criterion value is found in economic and social factors. economic factors in marketing, social factors of conditions around the area such as livelihood, education. The carrying capacity that gets the least attention. Although it is currently low, in the future it needs to get greater attention if the concept of sustainability will be applied in Botanic Garden tourism.
Youth leadership in ecotourism
Authors: Saputra F , Kamilah K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Youth represent one of the tourist sectors with the highest rate of growth. The active engagement of young leaders in the field of ecotourism not only embodies their commitment to safeguarding the planet but also shows their capacity to drive transformative change. This essay delves into the vital role of youth leadership in ecotourism, exploring the ways in which young individuals contribute to innovative approaches, community empowerment, and sustainable practices that are shaping the future of both travel and environmental conservation. The method used in this study is involving primary observation and empirical data gathering. This study shows some roles and benefits of youth as leader in ecotourism sector, such as; 1) promoting responsible travel, 2) stimulate innovation, 3) amplifying awareness, 4) inspiring longterm change, 5) fostering creativity, 6) driving passion and energy, 7) bridging generation gap, 8) attracting younger base, 9) leveraging digital engagement, and 10) promoting continuous learning. This paper also shows challenges faced by young leader that they are lacking of experience, have limited resources, and have gap in industry versus in-class knowledge.
The examination of conservation awareness, future sustainability, and conservation readiness on tourists’ attitude towards marine conservation behavior in Malaysia’s Marine Parks
Authors: Latif S A Abdul , Yazid F N , Farudz B Z M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between tourists’ conservation awareness, future sustainability, and conservation readiness towards attitude toward marine conservation behavior in Malaysia’s marine parks. This study adopted the quantitative convenience sampling approach, with 202 samples obtained via an online questionnaire. IBM-SPSS version 26 was used to process and analyze the data. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the relationships between variables. The findings suggest that future sustainability and conservation readiness are significant factors in predicting tourists’ attitudes towards marine conservation behavior. In contrast, conservation awareness was found to be insignificant. This study found that respondents have a positive attitude towards marine conservation behaviors, but awareness does not always translate into action. This study found that respondents support marine conservation and marine park sustainability. Awareness of conservation efforts does not necessarily lead to positive attitudes towards conservation behavior. The impact of conservation readiness on attitude emphasizes the need for preparation and education in conservation. The unexpected possible relationship between education and conservation behavior warrants further investigation. These findings highlight the importance of focused conservation education and the necessity to consider many elements when increasing stakeholder marine conservation behavior.
Bringing birdwatching closer to home: developing urban birdwatching as a mean of sustainable tourism
Authors: Larasati A A , Hernowo J B , Mardiastuti A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sustainable tourism concept encourages tourist to be as efficient as possible while doing tourism. Birdwatching in urban landscapes is a suitable sustainable tourism activity that can be a learning medium and enhance public’s awareness towards wildlife, with the advantage in accessibility, location, travel cost, and time. This study aims to design birdwatching activities in urban green open spaces based on bird community and visitors’ desire. This study took place at Tebet Eco Park, DKI Jakarta and Taman Hutan Kota Patriot, Bekasi City on January – March 2023. Direct observation was conducted for bird community data. As many as 50 questionnaires were given to visitors on each site. There were 12 bird species encountered at TEP Jakarta and 16 bird species encountered at THKP Bekasi. The birds are frugivores, granivores, insectivores, nectarivores, and combination of them. Most respondents were interested in birdwatching even though never heard of it. Birds that have vibrant colors and prominent features attracted respondents more. On-site managements are supportive and open to collaborations to make urban birdwatching happens. There are two birdwatching trails designed for each site, one is intended for adult and young birdwatchers and the other is for elderly and family with children.
Community-based cultural tourism using responsible tourism initiative: A case study of Khok Salung, Lopburi province, Thailand
Authors: Yutthaworakool S , Shyangtan S , Sukklud R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although tourism has been the driving force of Thailand’s economic development, community-based cultural tourism in Thailand has not been included as part of the mainstream tourism sector. Moreover, sustaining their income and preserving their cultural identity is challenging. Khok Salung village, Lopburi province, Thailand, once experienced these struggles from both internal and external factors. Drawing upon a qualitative methodology, this research uses a framework of responsible tourism by incorporating economic, social, and environmental dimensions with partnerships from all stakeholders in the community on how it fosters challenges and overcomes challenges. Today, Khok Salung village has successfully built a community-based cultural tourism model that not only raises their economic capital but also preserves social, cultural, and symbolic capital. More importantly, despite obtaining different forms of capital that Khok Salung village achieves, the community successfully preserves their eroding culture to their existing villagers or the next generations and to the external people outside the community.
Developing casual tourism: an identification to implement sustainable and responsible tourism in Dayeuhluhur
Authors: Mustikasari R S , Sunkar A , Santosa Y , Hikmat A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Numerous research projects have been launched to explore the themes of sustainability and responsibility, which have impacted the industry’s social and political conscience and could lead to the creation of an updated or new paradigm for the development of tourism. An identification to implement Sustainable and Responsible Tourism (SRT) in Dayeuhluhur, Central Java becomes a challenge as part of conserving biodiversity and ecosystem of an upland area. The concept of casual tourism as a method of tourist organisation arises from this research, with economic performance driven by industry taking precedence over ecological and social performance. The purpose of this research is to look into the community readiness to manage tourism. To gather information, triangulating techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, and direct observations are employed. Casual tourism highlights the value of communication between visitors, locals, and organisers in order to foster mutual trust, respect, and education. It offers distinctive landscapes, biodiversity, and insights into people’s everyday lives. This realisation will be the foundation for building meaningful connections and improving our knowledge of biodiversity and cultural life. Dayeuhluhur’s daily life can offer a variety of tourism experiences, including cross-hiking among herb plants, bird watching, coffee gardens, and cultural Sundanese recreation.
Stakeholders’ perception, determinant factors, and impacts of sustainable rural tourism: a literature review.
Authors: Suherlan A , Cheer J M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper examines existing research on sustainable tourism (ST) in rural areas, analysing 221 scholarly papers from 67 journals spanning 2000 to 2023. It identifies key themes—stakeholders’ perceptions, determinant factors, and impact assessment—and underlines the need for a holistic, adaptable approach. The findings reveal literature gaps in stakeholder insights, determinants, and satisfaction impacts, emphasising the importance of nuanced, globally diverse perspectives. Success in sustainable tourism hinges on a multifaceted understanding, integrating economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and institutional dimensions. The study highlights community involvement’s crucial role in advocating for future initiatives to foster collaboration, sustainable principles, and effective partnerships with local communities. Tailoring strategies to destination-specific characteristics is imperative, addressing unique challenges and opportunities. The study concludes by calling for further research to enhance the comprehensive understanding of sustainable tourism dynamics and bridge existing gaps.
A liquid optical memristor using photochromic effect and capillary effect
Authors: Wang Dingchen , Yuan Anran , Dai Shilei , Tang Xiao , Huang Kunbin , Wei Songrui , Zhang Han , Wang Zhongrui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the era of the Internet of Things, photonic neuromorphic computing presents a promising method for real-time, local processing of vast quantities of data. However, the rigidity of materials used in such devices can considerably impact performance and longevity when subjected to mechanical deformation. In this study, we introduce a liquid optical memristor (LOM) based on an organic-inorganic hybrid in a liquid state. This novel approach offers programmable optical properties and significant mechanical flexibility thanks to the robust photochromic and capillary effects. We have developed a LOM with a 24 dB cm−1 modulation depth and over 3-bit nonvolatile memory states. By controlling the droplet morphology to mimic a synapse-like shape, the LOM can withstand strains over 400% and endure misalignment and bending. Furthermore, our findings substantiate the application of LOM for photonic neuromorphic computing systems, yielding 100% accuracy in pattern recognition. The easily-integratable LOM paves the way for the creation of flexible and wearable photonic neuromorphic computing systems.
Emotions as Hedonic States That Are Formed in Response to Intentional States That Apprehend Their Objects
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
If Aristotle does not identify the representational pleasure/distress of an emotion with the intentional state that apprehends its object (as argued in Chapter 3), this leaves two questions: (1) what is the relation between them? (2) Are they two components of an emotion or is the emotion, strictly speaking, the pleasure/distress alone? With (1), it is argued that the representational pleasure/distress is best thought of as forming ‘in light of’ the intentional state that apprehends its object, rather than merely occurring along with it or being caused by it. With (2), it is argued that Aristotle holds that emotions are representational pleasures/distresses alone, and that the intentional state that apprehends an emotion’s object is not part of the emotion as such, but what the emotion is formed in response to. The chapter explores how Aristotle’s view thereby contrasts with many current accounts which hold that emotions are themselves perceptual apprehensions, or judgements, of value.
Introduction
Authors: Ungvary David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins to frame an exploration of the ways in which Christian authorship was debated and defined in Latin Late Antiquity, with a focus on how problems of religious writing and authority were handled within late Roman Gaul. The examination takes as its starting point Gennadius of Marseille’s De viris illustribus, a bibliographic catalogue of estimable Christian authors produced in the late fifth century. Close reading of Gennadius’s Christian literary inventory reveals programmatic differences from Jerome’s earlier version, including a strong preference for regional monastic writers. The chapter argues that Gennadius’s provocative updates to the Christian canon and his distinctive evaluations of religious writers both reflected and energized a broader competition to fix the terms of Christian literary authority in late Roman Gaul. Observation of Gennadius’s ambivalence toward poetry points to a special subject of conversation within these debates: the potential meaning, force, and function of classicizing verse within Christian culture. The chapter concludes with explication of the book’s literary historical methodology, and descriptions of the book’s remaining chapters.
The Poet and the Virgin
Authors: Ungvary David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies and explains an ascetic poetics within the writings of Avitus of Vienne, a nephew of Sidonius Apollinaris. Interpretation focuses on Avitus’s poem, De consolatoria castitatis laude, composed to encourage his sister, a Christian nun, in her virginity. Fundamental to Avitus’s oeuvre are efforts to delineate a theory of Christian poetry that could mitigate tensions between his role as a Christian bishop and his commitments to classical literary traditions. This chapter proposes several strands of ascetic discourse as keys for decoding the language with which Avitus outlines and performs his poetic program. Close reading reveals that rhetorical and lexical elements of the bishop’s rationale derive from ascetic writings about the relationship between Christian speech and conduct. Analysis uncovers Avitus’s affinity with proponents of Lerinian asceticism, including Caesarius of Arles. Situating Avitus among these ascetic authors sets his poetic anxieties and procedures in new light. He emerges as an innovator of a tradition of regional Christian poets conflicted by competing poetic and ascetic imperatives. In the poem for his sister, Avitus produces a “chaste” form of poetry for a Christian virgin that stylistically enacts some of the very virtues of asceticism he recommends to her.
The Damietta Crusade, 1217-1221
Authors: Marvin Laurence W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Damietta Crusade offers the first book-length monograph of the Fifth Crusade in almost forty years, and only the second in over a century. It emphasizes what made this campaign unique, from its planning, choice of target, its “brown-water” or amphibious nature, course, and result. It argues that the crusade’s planners worked from an achievable grand strategy: Jerusalem’s restoration to Latin Christian hands. Operationally the crusaders invaded Egypt, designed as a stratagem to threaten the economic hub of Cairo to force Jerusalem’s return. Once in Egypt, the crusaders had to deal first with the city of Damietta, which is where the main military campaign took place. Written for non-specialists, The Damietta Crusade offers a narrative and analysis grounded in the primary and relevant secondary sources. It presents a multi-sided perspective by describing and analyzing the Egyptians and other groups in the eastern Mediterranean who played a role in mounting a successful defense against Latin Christian forces. It contends that the crusade failed not because it derived from an unachievable or flawed grand strategy, but because of shifting operational goals, leadership issues, the social dynamics within the army, the arrival and departure of participants, and the effective defense led by Egypt’s sultan, al-Kamil. One of the surprises of this story is that the crusade ended with the men of the respective armies on relatively good terms with one another, suggesting it was never a “clash of civilizations.”
Impact of care–recipient relationship type on quality of life in caregivers of older adults with dementia over time
Authors: Kin Aiping Lai , Griffith Lauren E , Kuspinar Ayse , Smith-Turchyn Jenna , Richardson Julie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Dementia caregiving is a dynamic and multidimensional process. To gain a comprehensive understanding of informal caregiving for people living with dementia (PLWD), it is pivotal to assess the quality of life (QoL) of informal caregivers.

Objective
To evaluate whether the care–recipient relationship type predicts changes in the QoL of informal caregivers of PLWD over a two-year period.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of longitudinal data. The data were drawn from two waves of linked data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC) (2015: NHATS R5 & NSOC II; 2017: NHATS R7 & NSOC III). Caregivers were categorized into spousal, adult–child, “other” caregiver and “multiple” caregivers. QoL was assessed through negative emotional burden (NEB), positive emotional benefits and social strain (SS). Generalized estimating equation modelling was used to examine changes in caregivers’ QoL outcomes across types of relationship over time.

Results
About, 882 caregivers were included who linked to 601 PLWD. After adjusting caregivers’ socio-demographics, “other” caregivers had lower risk of NEB and SS than spousal caregivers (OR = 0.34, P = 0.003, 95%CI [0.17, 0.70]; OR = 0.37, P = 0.019, 95%CI 0.16, 0.85], respectively), and PLWD’s dementia status would not change these significance (OR = 0.33, P = 0.003, 95%CI [0.16, 0.68]; OR = 0.31, P = 0.005, 95%CI [0.14, 0.71], respectively).

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that spousal caregivers face a higher risk of NEB and SS over time, underscoring the pressing need to offer accessible and effective support for informal caregivers of PLWD, especially those caring for their spouses.
Screening and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chiloscyllium plagiosum anti-human VEGFR2 single-domain antibody
Authors: Guo Yanwen , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Yun , Zheng Feijian , Chen Jianqing , Lyu Zhengbing , Yuan Chen , Liu Lili , Jiang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently, the incidence of malignant tumors is on the rise and searching for new treatments on it has become the research priority. Blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) is one of the treatment strategies that used in the development of specific anti-angiogenic drugs. The deficiencies in tissue penetration and affinity maturation become the weakness of these drugs in anti-tumors applications. The single heavy chain antibody found in Chiloscyllium plagiosum, which has a low molecular weight and superior tissue penetration of variable region (variable new antigen receptor, VNARs), was considered to have the high antigen-binding activity and stability. This type of antibody has a simple structure that can be prokaryoticaly expressed, which makes it easily to produce new antiangiogenic target drugs. Specific anti-IgNAR rabbit multiple antibodies have been used to assess the level of VNARs in sharks and have shown a significant enrichment of IgNAR after triple immunization. An anti-VEGFR2 phage library was used for the targeted VNARs screening, and five candidate VNARs sequences were subsequently obtained by phage screening, followed by combined screening with the transcriptome library, and analysis of conserved regions along with 3D modelling matched the VNAR profile. ELISA and cell-based assays showed that two of the VNARs, VNAR-A6, and VNAR-E3, had a superior antigen affinity and anti-angiogenic activity thereby being able to inhibit human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells proliferation and migration. The anti-VEGFR2 VNARs derived from the immunized C. plagiosum and screened by phage library, which provide the new research ideas and specific approaches for the development of new drugs. The anti-VEGFR2 VNARs are capable for blocking the VEGF–VEGFR pathway, which of these may contribute to expanding the use of anti-angiogenic drugs.
Effect of 2 Forms of Tenofovir on Duodenal Enterocytes—A Hypothesis for Different Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Tenofovir Alafenamide on Body Weight and Plasma Lipids
Authors: Kauppinen Kai Juhani , Aho Inka , Sjöblom Nelli , Tynninen Olli , Suomalainen Anu , Schwab Ursula , Zhao Fang , Arkkila Perttu , Sutinen Jussi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), compared to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), leads to lower body weight and plasma lipids by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesize that TDF, when absorbed, may damage enterocytes of the proximal duodenum, leading to reduced absorption of nutrients.

Methods
People with human immunodeficiency virus, without significant gastrointestinal symptoms, receiving a regimen containing TDF (n = 12) or TAF (n = 12), underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopies. Plasma/serum concentrations of nutrients absorbed from proximal duodenum and serum intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of enterocyte damage, were measured. Cytochrome c oxidase/succinate dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) staining and electron microscopy (EM) were conducted to evaluate mitochondria.

Results
Five patients in the TDF group (1 celiac disease [excluded from further analyses], 1 Helicobacter gastritis, and 3 esophagitis) and 2 in the TAF group (2 esophagitis) had a pathological finding in esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Villi were flatter (337 [59] vs 397 [42] μm; P = .016), crypts nonsignificantly deeper (200 [46] vs 176 [27] μm; P = .2), and villus-to-crypt ratio lower (1.5 [0.42] vs 2.5 [0.51]; P = .009) in the TDF versus TAF group (mean [standard deviation]). I-FABP concentration was higher in the TDF versus TAF group (3.0 [1.07] vs 1.8 [0.53] ng/mL; P = .003). The TDF group had numerically but not statistically significantly lower concentrations of folate and vitamins A, B1, D, and E. COX/SDH staining and EM showed similar mitochondrial damage in both groups.

Conclusions
Duodenal villous alterations may explain TDF-associated decrease in body weight and plasma lipids. Larger studies are needed to evaluate concentrations of nutrients absorbed from duodenum among TDF users..

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05326971; EudraCT 2022-000849.