bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinase‐activated receptors 1 and 2 and the regulation of porcine coronary artery contractility: a role for distinct tyrosine kinase pathways
Authors: El‐Daly Mahmoud , Saifeddine Mahmoud , Mihara Koichiro , Ramachandran Rithwik , Triggle Christopher R , Hollenberg Morley D 
Published: February 2014

Background and PurposeBecause angiotensin‐II‐mediated porcine coronary artery (PCA) vasoconstriction is blocked by protein tyrosine kinase (PYK) inhibitors, we hypothesized that proteinase‐activated receptors (PARs), known to regulate vascular tension, like angiotensin‐II, would also cause PCA contractions via PYK‐dependent signalling pathways.Experimental ApproachContractions of intact and endothelium‐free isolated PCA rings, stimulated by PAR1/PAR2‐activating peptides, angiotensin‐II, PGF2α, EGF, PDGF and KCl, were monitored with/without multiple signalling pathway inhibitors, including AG‐tyrphostins AG18 (non‐specific PYKs), AG1478 (EGF‐receptor kinase), AG1296 (PDGF receptor kinase), PP1 (Src kinase), U0126 and PD98059 (MEK/MAPKinase kinase), indomethacin/SC‐560/NS‐398 (COX‐1/2) and L‐NAME (NOS).Key ResultsAG18 inhibited the contractions induced by all the agonists except KCl, whereas U0126 attenuated contractions induced by PAR1/PAR2 agonists, EGF and angiotensin‐II, but not by PGF2α, the COX‐produced metabolites of arachidonate and KCl. PP1 only affected the responses to PAR1/PAR2‐activating peptides and angiotensin‐II. The EGF‐kinase inhibitor, AG1478, attenuated contractions initiated by the PARs (PAR2 >> PAR1) and EGF itself, but not by angiotensin‐II, PGF2α or KCl. COX‐1/2 inhibitors blocked the contractions induced by all the agonists, except KCl and PGF2α.Conclusion and ImplicationsPAR1/2‐mediated contractions of the PCA are dependent on Src and MAPKinase and, in part, involve EGF‐receptor‐kinase transactivation and the generation of a COX‐derived contractile agonist. However, the PYK signalling pathways used by PARs are distinct from each other and from those triggered by angiotensin‐II and EGF. These signalling pathways may be therapeutic targets for managing coagulation‐proteinase‐induced coronary vasospasm.
Reversible colour change in Arthropoda
Authors: Umbers Kate D. L. , Fabricant Scott A. , Gawryszewski Felipe M. , Seago Ainsley E. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms and functions of reversible colour change in arthropods are highly diverse despite, or perhaps due to, the presence of an exoskeleton. Physiological colour changes, which have been recorded in 90 arthropod species, are rapid and are the result of changes in the positioning of microstructures or pigments, or in the refractive index of layers in the integument. By contrast, morphological colour changes, documented in 31 species, involve the anabolism or catabolism of components (e.g. pigments) directly related to the observable colour. In this review we highlight the diversity of mechanisms by which reversible colour change occurs and the evolutionary context and diversity of arthropod taxa in which it has been observed. Further, we discuss the functions of reversible colour change so far proposed, review the limited behavioural and ecological data, and argue that the field requires phylogenetically controlled approaches to understanding the evolution of reversible colour change. Finally, we encourage biologists to explore new model systems for colour change and to engage scientists from other disciplines; continued cross‐disciplinary collaboration is the most promising approach to this nexus of biology, physics, and chemistry.
Review: The impact of motor development on typical and atypical social cognition and language: a systematic review
Authors: Leonard Hayley C. , Hill Elisabeth L. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundMotor development allows infants to gain knowledge of the world but its vital role in social development is often ignored.MethodA systematic search for papers investigating the relationship between motor and social skills was conducted, including research in typical development and in Developmental Coordination Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorders and Specific Language Impairment.ResultsThe search identified 43 studies, many of which highlighted a significant relationship between motor skills and the development of social cognition, language and social interactions.ConclusionsThis complex relationship requires more attention from researchers and practitioners, allowing the development of more tailored intervention techniques for those at risk of motor, social and language difficulties.
Effects of Photodynamic Process (PDP) in Implant Osseointegration: A Histologic and Histometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Faria Paulo Esteves Pinto , Felipucci Daniela Nair Borges , Simioni Andreza Ribeiro , Primo Fernando Lucas , Tedesco Antonio Cláudio , Salata Luiz Antonio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe combination between photosensitivity substances with laser or light‐emitting diode (LED) form the photodynamic therapy basis that consists of photosensitivity drug activated by low‐frequency light. This mechanism is used in soft tissue healing process to improve the oxygen tension leading to a fast revascularization.PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photosensitivity drugs activated through LED on osseointegration process.Materials and MethodsEight mongrel dogs underwent implant therapy in four mandibular bone defects using 5.0 mm trephine drill on each side of the mandible. The defects were randomly filled up with (1) Nano emulsion, (2) liposome, (3) blood clot, and (4) autogenous bone. LED with visible and infrared light were applied after 48/72 postoperative hours on four dogs and after 96/120 postoperative hours in the other four dogs. All the animals were euthanized at 15 days after surgery. Ground sections slides were prepared from the experimental site for histomorphometry and histological analysis.ResultsNo difference was detected in the following parameters: bone‐implant contact, bone inside the defect and crest level on LED 48/72. Significant difference was detected inside the defect when filled with autogenous bone (p = .0238) on LED 96/120. When LED 48/72 and LED 96/120 were compared, significant higher bone formation was detected when autogenous bone on bone‐implant contact (p = .0043) and bone inside the defect (p = .0008) was used.ConclusionThe use of photosensitivity drugs activated by LED demonstrated a tendency to stimulate bone formation, similar to autogenous bone graft on later time point.
Lung abscess combined with chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible successfully treated with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Arai Hiromasa , Inui Kenji , Watanabe Keisuke , Watanuki Kei , Okudela Koji , Tsuboi Masahiro , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWith the progress of antibiotic therapy, the mortality of lung abscess has been improved, and surgical intervention has declined. However, surgery is still required in selected cases that are intractable to antibiotic treatment. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is beneficial for treatment and/or diagnosis of pulmonary disease as it provides a less invasive surgical technique and reduces prolongation of post‐operative recovery. However, the indication of VATS lobectomy for lung abscess is controversial as a result of particular complications, i.e. wet lung, intrapleural adhesion and ease of bleeding. We herein report a rare combination of lung abscess and osteomyelitis of mandible resulting from the same pathogen successfully treated with VATS lobectomy. We propose VATS lobectomy for lung abscess. This procedure might be the best treatment candidate for selected cases of lung abscess.
Endoscopic treatment of native lung hyperinflation using endobronchial valves in single‐lung transplant patients: a multinational experience
Authors: Perch Michael , Riise Gerdt C. , Hogarth Kyle , Musani Ali I. , Springmeyer Steven C. , Gonzalez Xavier , Iversen Martin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundHyperinflation of the native lung (NLH) is a known complication to single‐lung transplantation for emphysema. The hyperinflation can lead to compression of the graft and cause respiratory failure. Endobronchial valves have been used to block airflow in specific parts of the native lung, reducing the native lung volume and relieving the graft.ObjectiveWe report short‐term follow‐up and safety from 14 single‐lung transplant patients with NLH treated with bronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial valves.MethodsRetrospective clinical information related to endobronchial valve treatment was obtained from four centres. All patients were treated with IBVTM Valve System (Spiration, Olympus Respiratory America, Redmond, WA, USA). All patients had evidence of severe NLH with mediastinal displacement.ResultsA total of 74 IBV valves were placed in 14 patients, with an average of 5.3 (range 2–10). Five patients had two procedures with staged treatment. Eleven patients reported symptom relief, and nine had lung function improvements. There was a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 9% (P = 0.013) and forced vital capacity of 15% (P = 0.034) within the first months after treatment. There were no reported device‐related adverse events nor reports of migration. Two patients had pneumothorax. One patient had pneumonia in the location of the valve placement, and another had infection within days. Three other patients were hospitalised with infection 2 months after treatment.ConclusionsTreating NLH with IBV endobronchial valves leads to clinical improvement in the majority of patients, and the treatment has an acceptable safety.
Leukotriene D4 inhalation challenge for predicting short‐term efficacy of montelukast: a pilot study
Authors: Guan Wei‐jie , Shi Xu , Zheng Jin‐ping , Gao Yi , Jiang Cai‐yu , Xie Yan‐qing , Liu Qing‐xia , Zhu Zheng , Guo E , An Jia‐ying , Yu Xin‐xin , Liu Wen‐ting , Zhong Nan‐shan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe convenient measure to predict efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonist is lacking.ObjectivesTo determine if leukotriene D4 inhalation challenge predicts short‐term efficacy of montelukast in asthma.MethodsIn this open‐labelled 28‐day trial, 45 patients with asthma were allocated to leukotriene‐sensitive and leukotriene‐insensitive group to receive montelukast monotherapy (10 mg, once daily) based on the positive threshold of leukotriene D4 inhalation challenge test (4.800 nmol). Miscellaneous measurements comprised fractional exhaled nitric oxide, methacholine inhalation challenge, Asthma Control Test and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Peak expiratory flow was self‐monitored throughout the treatment. End point assessments were performed 3 to 5 days after montelukast withdrawal. (Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01414868?term=NCT01414868&rank=1)ResultsTwenty‐three patients in leukotriene‐sensitive group and 10 leukotriene‐insensitive group completed the study. Both groups differed neither in 28‐day peak expiratory flow rate nor in maximal weekly peak expiratory flow (both P > 0.05). However, minimal weekly peak expiratory flow was significantly higher in leukotriene‐insensitive group throughout the treatment course (all P < 0.05) except for week 1 (P > 0.05). Both groups did not differ statistically in the post‐treatment improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) predicted% prior to inhalation challenge, fractional exhaled nitric oxide or the airway responsiveness to leukotriene D4 or methacholine (all P > 0.05). There was a marked increase in Asthma Control Test score and the symptom score of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire in both groups (both P < 0.05). The overall significance of Logistic regression model was unremarkable (P = 0.467).ConclusionResponsiveness to inhaled leukotriene D4 alone might not be sufficient to predict the short‐term efficacy of montelukast monotherapy in patients with asthma.
Role of BK virus infection in end‐stage renal disease patients waiting for kidney transplantation – viral replication dynamics from pre‐ to post‐transplant
Authors: Mitterhofer Anna Paola , Tinti Francesca , Pietropaolo Valeria , Umbro Ilaria , Anzivino Elena , Bellizzi Anna , Zavatto Assunta , Poli Luca , Berloco Pasquale Bartolomeo , Taliani Gloria 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report the prevalence of BK virus (BKV) infection before renal transplantation and the dynamics of BKV viremia from pre‐ to post‐transplantation. We assessed 60 kidney transplanted patients from a single cohort in Italy, treated with identical immunosuppressive therapy, for BK viremia at pre‐transplantation, 12 h, and three and six months post‐transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction showed that the prevalence of plasma BKV replication – considered a marker of infection – was 20% in pre‐transplant patients. All pre‐transplant‐positive patients remained positive post‐transplant, whereas the majority of pre‐transplant‐negative patients remained negative. Viremia dynamics classification revealed three clusters of patients: Cluster A++, pre‐transplant‐positive patients (20%) who tested positive at least once post‐transplant; Cluster B−+, pre‐transplant‐negative patients (28%) who tested positive at least once post‐transplant; and Cluster C– –, pre‐transplant‐negative patients (52%) who remained negative throughout. These clusters presented significant differences related to the prevalence of substantially positive patients with high plasma viral load (>103 copies/mL) in cluster A, but not in donors’ or grafts’ characteristics. We suggest that pre‐transplant viral status should be considered as an additional risk factor for post‐transplant BKV replication. Therefore, pre‐transplant BKV infection screening in kidney transplant patients should be performed for improving planning of personalized immunosuppressant schemes and specific post‐transplant surveillance.
Radiation exposure and attributed cancer risk following lung transplantation
Authors: Rosengarten Dror , Raviv Yael , Rusanov Victoria , Moreh‐Rahav Osnat , Fruchter Oren , Allen Aaron M. , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundLung transplant recipients are exposed to radiation from various imaging procedures during surveillance; however, the cumulative radiation exposure and subsequent cancer risk after lung transplantation is not known.MethodsWe included all patients who underwent lung transplantation at our institute since January 2000 and survived at least four‐yr follow‐up continued until March 21, 2012 or until death. We identified all procedures with radiation exposure and all malignancies that developed during the study period. Estimation of the effective dose exposure and subsequent cancer risk was derived from previous reports.ResultsThe study included 107 patients. Mean follow‐up was 6.49 ± 1.74 yr. Radiation exposure during mean follow‐up was 137.8 mSv, and the total cumulative exposure over 11 yr reached 205.25 mSv. This represents an additional cancer risk of 0.55% and 0.82%, respectively. Twenty‐four cases of cancer in 21 patients (19.6%) were identified. The difference between the radiation exposure in the patients who developed cancer and in the cancer‐free patients was not statistically significant.ConclusionLung transplant recipients are exposed to 7.8 times greater radiation dose from medical imaging compared to the general population. Nevertheless, the lifetime increase in cancer risk due to radiation is small.
Indications and outcomes of pancreatic surgery after liver transplantation
Authors: Mejia Juan , Sucandy Iswanto , Steel Jennifer , Golas Benjamin , Humar Abhinav , Lee Kenneth , Zeh Herbert , Marsh James , Tsung Allan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrior liver transplantation and immunosuppression potentially translate into significant morbidity and poor outcomes after any type of pancreatic surgery. Little is known about the outcomes of pancreatic surgery after liver transplantation. This study was designed to review our experience regarding the indications and outcomes of pancreatic surgery following liver transplantation.MethodsA retrospective review of all liver transplant recipients who underwent pancreatic surgery between 1991 and 2009 was performed.ResultsA total of 3196 patients underwent liver transplantation, of whom 18 (0.6%) subsequently required pancreatic surgery. The most common indications were necrotizing pancreatitis and lesions of the head and tail of the pancreas. Procedures performed included pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and pancreatic necrosectomy. The estimated blood loss was 500 mL and operative time was 430 ± 224 min. Pathology results revealed malignant lesions in six (33%) patients, pre‐malignant lesions in 2 (11%) patients, and benign lesions in 10 (56%) patients. The median time from transplantation to pancreatic surgery was 61 months. The 30‐d postoperative complication rate was 77.8%, with median hospital stay of 15 d. The three‐, 12‐, and 24‐month survival rates were 78%, 48%, and 24%, respectively.ConclusionsPancreatic surgery after liver transplantation results in significant 30‐d complications. Prior liver transplantation, however, should not be a contraindication for subsequent pancreatic surgery, due to its decent survival outcome.
The discard of deceased donor kidneys in the UK
Authors: Callaghan Chris J. , Harper Simon J.F. , Saeb‐Parsy Kourosh , Hudson Alex , Gibbs Paul , Watson Christopher J.E. , Praseedom Raaj K. , Butler Andrew J. , Pettigrew Gavin J. , Bradley J. Andrew 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIt is essential to minimize the unnecessary discard of procured deceased donor kidneys, but information on discard rates and the extent to which discard can be avoided are limited. Analysis of the UK Transplant Registry revealed that the discard rate of procured deceased donor kidneys has increased from 5% in 2002‐3 to 12% in 2011‐12. A national offering system for hard‐to‐place kidneys was introduced in the UK in 2006 (the Declined Kidney Scheme), but just 13% of kidneys that were subsequently discarded until 2012 were offered through the scheme. In order to examine the appropriateness of discard, 20 consecutive discarded kidneys from 13 deceased donors were assessed to determine if surgeons agreed with the decision that they were not implantable. Donors had a median (range) age of 67 (31–80) yr. Kidneys had been offered to a median of 3 (1–12) centers before discard. Four (20%) of the discarded kidneys were thought to be usable, and nine (45%) were possibly usable. As a result of these findings, major changes to the UK deceased donor kidney offering system have been implemented, including simultaneous offering and broader entry criteria for hard‐to‐place kidneys. Organizational changes are necessary to improve utilization of deceased donor kidneys.
The efficiency of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography in living donor liver transplantation: a preliminary study
Authors: Ogul Hayri , Kantarci Mecit , Pirimoglu Berhan , Karaca Leyla , Aydinli Bulent , Okur Aylin , Ozturk Gurkan , Kizrak Yesim 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate utility of gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) for the detection of biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). A total of 18 patients with suspected biliary complications underwent MRC. T2‐weighted MRC and contrast‐enhanced MRC (CE‐MRC) were used to identify the biliary complications. MRC included routine breath‐hold T2‐weighted MRC using half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo (HASTE) sequences and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRC T1‐weighted volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequences. Before confirming the biliary complications, one observer reviewed the MRC images and the CE‐MRC images separately. The verification procedures and MRC findings were compared, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both techniques were calculated for the identification of biliary complications. The observer found six of seven biliary complications using CE‐MRC. The sensitivity was 85.7% and the accuracy was 94.4%. Using MRC alone, sensitivity was 57.1% and accuracy was 55.5%. The accuracy of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRC was superior to MRC in locating biliary leaks (p < 0.05). The usage of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRC yields information that complements the MRC findings that improve the identification of biliary complications. We recommend the use of MRC in addition to Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRC to increase the preoperative accuracy when assessing the biliary complications after LDLT.
Factors Predicting Long‐Term Mortality in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bostan Cem , Sinan Umit Yasar , Canbolat Polat , Abaci Okay , Munipoglu Sezer Karcier , Kucukoglu Serdar 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to elucidate the factors affecting long‐term all‐cause mortality in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).MethodWe retrospectively examined 31 patients (22 males and 9 females) diagnosed with HCM from 1999 to 2013. All subjects had sinus rhythm at the time of evaluation. Four patients had history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). In addition to echocardiographic examination plasma angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity and gene polymorphism were determined. The variables that were found to be significant in mortality were then included in multivariate analysis.ResultsAt the final follow‐up examination, 12 patients had died, including 2 due to congestive heart failure and 10 due to sudden cardiac death. Patients with PAF had significantly higher mortality (P = 0.008). Moreover, left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic diameter (P = 0.04), LV systolic diameter (P = 0.001), LV mass index (P = 0.01), and left atrium diameter (P = 0.003) were found to be significantly correlated with mortality. However, no significant correlation was noted between mortality and age, type of HCM (familial/nonfamilial and obstructive/nonobstructive), ACE gene polymorphism, and plasma ACE level. In the multivariate analysis, left atrial (LA) diameter was still significantly associated with mortality. The LA diameter with a cutoff value of 4.1 cm predicted 13‐year mortality with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 78%.ConclusionInstead of the ACE genotype and activity, echocardiographic evaluation findings such as LV systolic and diastolic diameters, LV mass index, and particularly LA dimension may predict long‐term mortality in patients with HCM. PAF has also significant importance in the long‐term mortality in patients with HCM.