bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene-Flow in a Mosaic Hybrid Zone: Is Local Introgression Adaptive?
Authors: Fraïsse Christelle , Roux Camille , Welch John J , Bierne Nicolas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGenome-wide scans of genetic differentiation between hybridizing taxa can identify genome regions with unusual rates of introgression. Regions of high differentiation might represent barriers to gene flow, while regions of low differentiation might indicate adaptive introgression—the spread of selectively beneficial alleles between reproductively isolated genetic backgrounds. Here we conduct a scan for unusual patterns of differentiation in a mosaic hybrid zone between two mussel species, Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. One outlying locus, mac-1, showed a characteristic footprint of local introgression, with abnormally high frequency of edulis-derived alleles in a patch of M. galloprovincialis enclosed within the mosaic zone, but low frequencies outside of the zone. Further analysis of DNA sequences showed that almost all of the edulis allelic diversity had introgressed into the M. galloprovincialis background in this patch. We then used a variety of approaches to test the hypothesis that there had been adaptive introgression at mac-1. Simulations and model fitting with maximum-likelihood and approximate Bayesian computation approaches suggested that adaptive introgression could generate a “soft sweep,” which was qualitatively consistent with our data. Although the migration rate required was high, it was compatible with the functioning of an effective barrier to gene flow as revealed by demographic inferences. As such, adaptive introgression could explain both the reduced intraspecific differentiation around mac-1 and the high diversity of introgressed alleles, although a localized change in barrier strength may also be invoked. Together, our results emphasize the need to account for the complex history of secondary contacts in interpreting outlier loci.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Rapid Response Teams Before and After Mandatory Triggering by an Elevated Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) Score
Authors: Panesar Rahul , Polikoff Lee A. , Harris David , Mills Barbara , Messina Catherine , Parker Margaret M. 
Published: May 2014

Background:
The Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) was created to identify unstable patients before their deterioration. Rapid response teams (RRTs) were developed to assist with management of such patients. In 2009, our institution mandated the activation of RRTs if a PEWS score was elevated (ie, ≥5).

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to examine changes in characteristics of RRT calls before and after the implementation of a mandatory hospital policy requiring RRT activation due to an elevated PEWS score.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective database review, with RRT data from June 2007 to December 2010 examined. A total of 44 RRTs were recorded before mandatory triggering and 69 RRTs afterward in the study period (P = .32).

Results:
Compared with the premandatory group, the mandatory triggering group found that tachycardia was a more frequent trigger for RRTs, with an increase of 26.1% (P = .004). RRTs triggered by a change in mental status/agitation decreased by 22.9% (P = .009). An increase of 15.1% of RRTs required no interventions with mandatory triggering. Nighttime RRTs increased by17.5% (P = .07). There was a trend toward decreased PICU transfers in the mandatory triggering group, with no significant change in code blue calls.

Conclusions:
A hospital policy of mandating RRT activation based on PEWS scores increased nighttime calls and altered the primary reasons for RRT activation in our center, with no evidence of improvements in patient care. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the relatively rare outcomes the policy is intended to prevent; however, our findings highlight the difficulties inherent in evaluating methods to improve pediatric patient safety.
Impact of Boarding Pediatric Psychiatric Patients on a Medical Ward
Authors: Claudius Ilene , Donofrio J. Joelle , Lam Chun Nok , Santillanes Genevieve 
Published: May 2014

Background And Objectives:Psychiatric disorders account for an increasing number of pediatric hospitalizations. Due to lack of psychiatric beds, patients on involuntary psychiatric holds may be admitted to medical units. Our objectives were to evaluate the rate of admission of psychiatric patients to a medical unit, psychiatric care provided, and estimated cost of care.Methods:The study involved retrospective chart review of all patients on involuntary psychiatric holds presenting to 1 pediatric emergency department from July 2009 to December 2010. We determined the rate of admission to a medical unit, the rate of counseling or psychiatric medication administration, and the estimated cost of nonmedical admissions (boarding) of patients on the medical unit.Results:A total of 555 (50.1%) of 1108 patients on involuntary psychiatric holds were admitted to the pediatric medical unit. The majority (523 [94.2%]) were admitted for boarding because no psychiatric bed was available. Thirty-two (6.1%) patients admitted for isolated psychiatric reasons had counseling documented, and 105 (20.1%) received psychiatric medications. Patients admitted to an affiliated psychiatric hospital were significantly more likely to receive counseling and medications. Psychiatric patients were boarded in medical beds for 1169 days at an estimated cost of $2 232 790 or $4269 per patient over the 18-month period.Conclusions:We found high admission rates of patients on involuntary psychiatric holds to a pediatric medical unit with little psychiatric treatment in 1 hospital. Further research in other centers is required to determine the extent of the issue. Future studies of longer term outcomes (including readmission rates and assessments of functioning) are needed.
Is Dexamethasone an Effective Alternative to Oral Prednisone in the Treatment of Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations?
Authors: Meyer Jessica Sayre , Riese Jeffrey , Biondi Eric 
Published: May 2014

Background:A short course of systemic corticosteroids is an important therapy in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations. Although a 5-day course of oral prednisone or prednisolone has become the most commonly used regimen, dexamethasone has also been used for a shorter duration (1–2 days) with potential for improvement in compliance and palatability. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is sufficient evidence that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations in the inpatient setting.Methods:A Medline search was conducted on the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of asthma exacerbations in children. The studies selected were clinical trials comparing the efficacy of dexamethasone with prednisone. Meta-analysis was performed examining physician revisitation rates and symptomatic return to baseline.Results:Six completed pediatric clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. All of the pediatric trials found that prednisone is not superior to dexamethasone in treating mild to moderate asthma exacerbations. Meta-analysis demonstrated homogeneity between the dexamethasone and prednisone groups when examining symptomatic return to baseline and unplanned physician revisits after the initial emergency department encounter. Some studies found potential additional benefits of dexamethasone, including improved compliance and less vomiting.Conclusions:The current literature suggests that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative to prednisone in the treatment of mild to moderate acute asthma exacerbations in children, with the added benefits of improved compliance, palatability, and cost. However, more research is needed to examine the role of dexamethasone in hospitalized children.
A Field Study on the Use of Process Mining of Event Logs as an Analytical Procedure in Auditing
Authors: Jans Mieke , Alles Michael G. , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
There is a large body of accounting research literature examining the use of analytical procedures by auditors and proposing either new types of analytical procedures or more effective ways of implementing existing procedures. In this paper, we demonstrate—using procurement data from a leading global bank—the value added in an audit setting of a new type of analytical procedure: process mining of event logs. In particular, using process mining, we are able to identify numerous transactions that we consider to be audit-relevant information, including payments made without approval, violations of segregation of duty controls, and violations of company-specific internal procedures. Furthermore, these identified anomalies were not detected by the bank's internal auditors when they conducted their examination of that same data using conventional audit procedures, thus establishing the benefits of using process mining to complement existing audit methods. Process mining is a very different approach to evidence collection and analysis as it does not focus on the value of transactions and its aggregations, but on the transactional processes themselves. In addition to demonstrating the benefits of process mining in an audit context, this paper also discusses the contributions that process mining can make both to accounting research and auditing practice.
Yersinia pestis infection in dogs: 62 cases (2003–2011)
Authors: Nichols Megin C. , Ettestad Paul J. , VinHatton Elizabeth S. , Melman Sandra D. , Onischuk Lisa , Pierce Erica A. , Aragon Adam S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, and treatment practices in dogs with Yersinia pestis infection in New Mexico.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—62 dogs with plague in New Mexico.
Procedures—Confirmed case animals had isolation of Yersinia pestis from a clinical specimen, a positive direct fluorescent antibody test result, or a minimum 4-fold change between acute and convalescent serum antibody titers with clinically compatible illness. Retrospective review of cases of laboratory-confirmed plague from 2003 to 2011 was performed with a standardized chart abstraction form. Epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated.
Results—62 confirmed cases of canine plague were identified from 2003 to 2011. Most cases (85%) were confirmed by serologic titers alone or in conjunction with other testing methods. Clinical signs included fever (100%), lethargy (97%), anorexia (77%), lymphadenopathy (23%), vomiting (13%), diarrhea (8%), and abscesses (2%). Most case animals (73%) were treated with multiple antimicrobials. Sixty (97%) case animals survived; of the 2 nonsurvivors, one was euthanized and another died. Potential sources of exposure to Y pestis included hunting, rodent or rabbit exposure, and residence in rural areas.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that dogs with exposure to Y pestis can develop moderate to severe illness or die as a result of infection. Veterinarians practicing in and examining animals from the western United States need to be familiar with the epidemiology of plague and query owners about potential plague exposures when consistent clinical signs are present. Veterinarians are often the first to recognize signs of plague among sentinel populations and have the opportunity to intervene and prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
Effect of limb positioning on the radiographic appearance of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joint spaces of the forelimbs of horses during evaluation of dorsopalmar radiographs
Authors: Contino Erin K. , Barrett Myra F. , Werpy Natasha M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of limb positioning on the radiographic appearance of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joint spaces of the forelimbs of horses during evaluation of dorsopalmar radiographs.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—14 forelimbs from 9 adult horses.
Procedures—Each horse was in standing position with its forelimbs positioned on blocks. Dorsopalmar radiographs of each foot were obtained with the forelimbs positioned squarely (the metacarpus of both forelimbs was perpendicular to the ground as determined by visual examination [abducted 0°]; baseline) and abducted 5° and 10°. The width of the space at the medial and lateral aspects of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints (medial and lateral joint space width, respectively) was measured. Mediolateral joint balance was calculated as the difference between the widths of the lateral and medial joint spaces, and joint space width and mediolateral joint balance were compared among all 3 positions.
Results—As the extent of limb abduction increased, the medial aspect of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints became narrower, compared with the corresponding lateral aspect of those joints. For both the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, the mediolateral joint balance differed significantly among all limb positions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Forelimb position significantly affected the mediolateral joint balance of the interphalangeal joints of horses. Thus, it is crucial that the forelimbs of horses be squarely positioned when dorsopalmar radiographs are obtained for accurate evaluation of interphalangeal joint space and balance.
Production of Biogas from an Agro-industrial Waste and its Characteristics
Authors: Iqbal K. , Aftab T. , Iqbal J. , Aslam S. , Ahmed R. 
Published: May 2014

Molasses is a significant by-product of sugar industry and can be used as substrate in anaerobic digestion process for biogas production. Molasses was diluted ten time; inoculated by methane producing bacteria, mixed thoroughly in 2 liter batch bioreactor, kept at 370C for 15 days under anaerobic conditions for biogas yield. pH in the process was monitored three times a day. Total solids, volatile solids and COD were measured at alternate days. The gas production was measured by water displacement method. Ten times diluted molasses under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of methane producing bacteria was converted to 6.55 dm3/kg of biogas or 3.93 dm3/kg CH4 and 0.144 kWh electricity. Keywords: Agro industrial waste; Molasses; Methanogen; Anaerobic digestion; Biogas production. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17320 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 347-357 (2014)
Microbiological Quality of Street Vended Drinking Water in Dhaka City and Screening for Antibiotics Resistance of Isolated <i>Salmonella spp</i> and <i>Pseudomonas spp.</i>
Authors: Ahmed S. , Mahbub K. R. , Ahmed M. M. , Rahman M. , Hoque M. M. 
Published: May 2014

The present study was aimed to assess the microbiological quality of street vended drinking water of Dhaka city. The water samples were collected from street vendors in different areas of Dhaka city. All of the 30 samples were found having microorganisms higher than WHO limits for drinking water. Four (13.34%) samples were confirmed to have Salmonella contamination and twenty (66.67%) samples were contaminated with Pseudomonas. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella bongori. Among the isolates of Pseudomonas, fourteen were identified as Pseudomonas alcaligens and six were as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During antibiogram for Salmonella, 100% of the isolates were found resistant to Penicillin. Chloramphenicol, doxycycline, Gentamycin, Neomycin were sensitive to all of the isolates. The Pseudomonas isolates showed a significant drug resistance to Penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (95%), Amoxicillin (95%) and Nalidixic acid (85%). The present study demonstrates that drinking water samples from street vendors in Dhaka city are not complying with microbiological specifications of WHO and indicates that street vending drinking water in Dhaka city may not be safe for human consumption and also shows that these are the potential sources of drug resistance Salmonella and Pseudomonas. Keywords: Street vended drinking water; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonella; Pseudomonas. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17640 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 359-371 (2014)
La Vie de Jean de Novgorod : genèse du texte et fonction hagiographique [The Vita of Ioann from Novgorod : Genesis of the Text and Hagiographic Function]
Authors: Romoli Francesca 
Published: May 2014

The Vita of Ioann from Novgorod
Genesis of the Text and Hagiographic Function
The article focuses on the Vita of Ioann from Novgorod (Žitie Ioanna Novgorodskogo), a document composed in Novgorod at the end of the 15th century. The author considers the text within the historical context of its genesis and analyzes its literary form and function. In the middle of the 15th century Archbishop Ioann (1165-1186) became the symbol of Novgorod independence in the face of the centralizing policy of the Muscovite State. Evfimij II (1428 [ 1434]-1458) founded the local cult and ordered Paxomij the Serb to compose a liturgical office in celebration of the Ioann’s memory. The gathering and literary (re-) elaboration of some ancient, pre-existing tales about Ioann began then, and these materials were included in the Vita. The Vita of Ioann (in its main redaction) is composed of three different parts : the Story about the sign of the Mother of God (Skazanie o Znamenii Bogorodicy),
the Narration of Ioann’s journey from Novgorod riding the devil (Povest ´ o putešestvii Ioanna Novgorodskogo na bese), and the
Sermon on the discovery of the relics of the Saint (Slovo o projavlenii moščej svjatogo).
Their inclusion in the biography created an apparently anomalous vita. Textual analysis shows the repetition and the unifying role of some topics (i. e. miracles) and the lack of others. Above all, however, the analysis of the Vita of Ioann establishes its substantial regularity, accurate elaboration, and conformity to the paradigms of traditional hagiography. In the 16th century the Vita of Ioann
was included in metropolitan Makarij’s
Velikie minei chetii.
Discordance in Global Assessments Between Patient and Estimator in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations with Progressive Joint Destruction and Functional Impairment
Authors: Kaneko Yuko , Kuwana Masataka , Kondo Harumi , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: May 2014

Objective.Factors relevant to the discordance between the patient global assessment (PGA) and estimator global assessment (EGA) in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined.Methods.Seventy-five consecutive newly diagnosed patients with RA were prospectively enrolled. We used 3 models in which discordance between PGA and EGA at 12 months was set at 5 mm, 10 mm, or 20 mm. We adopted 10 mm as representative and examined time course changes in clinical variables over 12 months.Results.No significant difference was found between the concordance and the higher PGA groups regarding baseline characteristics and treatment. At 12 months, EGA, swollen joint count, and inflammatory marker values were not different, but pain visual analog scale and tender joint count were significantly higher in the higher PGA group, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire improved less. In the 10 mm and 20 mm models, the structural remission rate was significantly lower in the higher PGA group and the rapid radiological progression rate significantly higher. The discrepancy was already significant at 3 months.Conclusion.In newly diagnosed RA, PGA at 12 months may be more sensitive for indicating progressive joint destruction and functional impairment when compared with EGA, and there is a discrepancy directed toward a worse assessment by patients.
Clinically Inactive Disease in a Cohort of Children with New-onset Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treated with Early Aggressive Therapy: Time to Achievement, Total Duration, and Predictors
Authors: Wallace Carol A. , Giannini Edward H. , Spalding Steven J. , Hashkes Philip J. , O’Neil Kathleen M. , Zeft Andrew S. , Szer Ilona S. , Ringold Sarah , Brunner Hermine I. , Schanberg Laura E. , Sundel Robert P. , Milojevic Diana S. , Punaro Marilynn G. , Chira Peter , Gottlieb Beth S. , Higgins Gloria C. , Ilowite Norman T. , Kimura Yukiko , Johnson Anne , Huang Bin , Lovell Daniel J. 
Published: May 2014

Objective.To determine the elapsed time while receiving aggressive therapy to the first observation of clinically inactive disease (CID), total duration of CID and potential predictors of this response in a cohort of children with recent onset of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (poly-JIA).Methods.Eighty-five children were randomized blindly to methotrexate (MTX), etanercept, and rapidly tapered prednisolone (MEP) or MTX monotherapy and assessed for CID over 1 year of treatment. Patients who failed to achieve intermediary endpoints were switched to open-label MEP treatment.Results.Fifty-eight (68.2%) of the 85 patients achieved CID at 1 or more visits including 18 who received blinded MEP, 11 while receiving MTX monotherapy, and 29 while receiving open-label MEP. Patients starting on MEP achieved CID earlier and had more study days in CID compared to those starting MTX, but the differences were not significantly different. Patients given MEP (more aggressive therapy) earlier in the disease course were statistically more likely to have a higher proportion of followup visits in CID than those with longer disease course at baseline. Those who achieved American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 70 response at 4 months had a significantly greater proportion of followup visits in CID, compared to those who failed to achieve this improvement (p < 0.0001). Of the 32 patients who met criteria for CID and then lost CID status, only 3 fulfilled the definition of disease flare.Conclusion.Shorter disease duration prior to treatment, a robust response at 4 months, and more aggressive therapy result in a higher likelihood and longer duration of CID in patients with poly-JIA. The original trial from which data for this analysis were obtained is registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT 00443430.