bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulant effects of inhaled unfractionated heparin in the dog as determined by partial thromboplastin time and factor Xa activity
Authors: Manion Jill S. , Thomason John M. , Langston Vernon C. , Claude Andrew K. , Brooks Marjory B. , Mackin Andrew J. , Lunsford Kari V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the anticoagulant effects of inhaled heparin in dogs.DesignThis study was conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) was collected to generate an in vitro calibration curve to relate heparin concentration to the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). In phase 2, heparin was administered via nebulization to determine the threshold dose needed to prolong systemic aPTT. In phase 3, the local anticoagulant activity of inhaled heparin was determined by measurement of BALf anti‐Xa activity and aPTT.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSix healthy intact female Walker Hounds were used in this study. Two dogs were used for each phase.InterventionsInhaled unfractionated sodium heparin was administered in doses ranging from 50,000 to 200,000 IU.ResultsIn vitro addition of heparin to BALf caused a prolongation in aPTT. Inhaled heparin at doses as high as 200,000 IU failed to prolong systemic aPTT, and a threshold dose could not be determined. No significant local anticoagulant effects were detected.ConclusionsEven at doses higher than those known to be effective in people, inhaled heparin appears to have no detectable local or systemic anticoagulant effects in dogs with the current delivery method.
Anelastic and Compressible Simulation of Moist Dynamics at Planetary Scales
Authors: Kurowski Marcin J. , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Moist anelastic and compressible numerical solutions to the planetary baroclinic instability and climate benchmarks are compared. The solutions are obtained by applying a consistent numerical framework for discrete integrations of the various nonhydrostatic flow equations. Moist extension of the baroclinic instability benchmark is formulated as an analog of the dry case. Flow patterns, surface vertical vorticity and pressure, total kinetic energy, power spectra, and total amount of condensed water are analyzed. The climate benchmark extends the baroclinic instability study by addressing long-term statistics of an idealized planetary equilibrium and associated meridional transports. Short-term deterministic anelastic and compressible solutions differ significantly. In particular, anelastic baroclinic eddies propagate faster and develop slower owing to, respectively, modified dispersion relation and abbreviated baroclinic vorticity production. These eddies also carry less kinetic energy, and the onset of their rapid growth occurs later than for the compressible solutions. The observed differences between the two solutions are sensitive to initial conditions as they diminish for large-amplitude excitations of the instability. In particular, on the climatic time scales, the anelastic and compressible solutions evince similar zonally averaged flow patterns with the matching meridional transports of entropy, momentum, and moisture.
Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to Evaluate the Potential Impact of an Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar (OAWL) on Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Atlas Robert , Hoffman Ross N. , Ma Zaizhong , Emmitt G. David , Wood Sidney A. , Greco Steven , Tucker Sara , Bucci Lisa , Annane Bachir , Hardesty R. Michael , Murillo Shirley 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe potential impact of Doppler wind lidar (DWL) observations from a proposed optical autocovariance wind lidar (OAWL) instrument is quantified in observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). The OAWL design would provide profiles of useful wind vectors along a ground track to the left of the International Space Station (ISS), which is in a 51.6° inclination low-Earth orbit (LEO). These observations are simulated realistically, accounting for cloud and aerosol distributions inferred from the OSSE nature runs (NRs), and measurement and sampling error sources. The impact of the simulated observations is determined in both global and regional OSSE frameworks. The global OSSE uses the ECMWF T511 NR and the NCEP operational Global Data Assimilation System at T382 resolution. The regional OSSE uses an embedded hurricane NR and the NCEP operational HWRF data assimilation system with outer and inner domains of 9- and 3-km resolution, respectively.The global OSSE results show improved analyses and forecasts of tropical winds and extratropical geopotential heights. The tropical wind RMSEs are significantly reduced in the analyses and in short-term forecasts. The tropical wind improvement decays as the forecasts lengthen. The regional OSSEs are limited but show some improvements in hurricane track and intensity forecasts.
The Five Biggest HRM Lies
Authors: Sikula Andrew 
Published: July 2015

Many myths have been perpetuated In the field of personnel administration during the 20th century. These misconceptions were really never true in the 1900s, and they are especially misleading and Inaccurate now, as we enter the 21st century. The five misconceptions to be discussed in this article include: Human resources are our most important assets. Experience and superior qualifications will help you get a Job. Good individual job performance will result in accelerated pay increases. Loyalty, commitment, and seniority are rewarded within organizations. Technology and automation will reduce the need for human effort.
Staff and Line Relationships Revisited: The Case of Community Service Agencies
Authors: Schmid Hillel 
Published: July 2015

The subject of staff-line relations has been practically ignored in the professional literature of the past ten years. The paper re-examines the issue of the staff-line relations, and presents the findings of a study conducted in the framework of community service agencies in Israel. It analyzes the dialectic which exists in these relations, while focusing on how community service agency managers perceive the degree of assistance they receive from the staff units, as well as the influence which these units exert on decision-making processes in the organization. The paper offers explanations for the structural and personnel problems characteristic of these relations.
State of California: Civil Service Testing Moves into Cyberspace
Authors: Coffee Karen , Pearce Jim , Nishimura Roberta 
Published: July 2015

The State of California has successfully implemented an employment application and civil service testing process on the Internet for its largest entry level professional classification, Staff Services Analyst. This innovative selection process, the first of its kind is available to the public twenty-four hours a day via the Internet or telephone. Since its debut in June 1996, this examination has been well received by candidates and state departments and has helped the state to realize a considerable savings in staff time and money as compared to a traditional written examination. This technology is already being applied to other examinations and is well on its way to becoming a common testing format. This paper describes the development and implementation of the Staff Services Analyst examination as well as some of the many issues to be considered when exploring the new frontier of Internet civil service testing. For the past several years, the California State Personnel Board (SPB) has been exploring ways to utilize new technology to streamline the process of recruiting and selecting candidates for employment. An interdepartmental task force was created to explore cost effective, efficient, flexible ways to administer quality testing procedures. The task force focused on the Staff Services Analyst (SSA) classification since this is one of the few entry level professional classifications tested on an open basis (open to members of the public). The resulting new exam consists of a scored life experience questionnaire and is available on a continuous basis on both the Internet and telephone. This nearly paperless examination represents a quantum leap forward in the application of new and innovative technologies, which significantly improves the effectiveness and efficiency of civil service testing procedures.
Performance Appraisal: Verisimilitude Trumps Veracity
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: July 2015

Few administrative functions have attracted more attention and so successfully resisted solution than employee evaluation. Since performance appraisal is impossible, what actually happens is personnel appraisal. When such hypocrisy occurs, civil service systems predicated on merit are undermined. This article commences with the evolution of the appraisal function, the root of ethical problems found in service ratings. Common types of evaluation (with their strengths and drawbacks), who does them, and typical rating errors are then examined. This climaxes with a discussion of the fundamental and beguiling reason for these deficiencies. Diagnosis completed, attention shifts to ways to improve appraisals, which leads to a specification of the characteristics of a system that could withstand legal, if not ethical, scrutiny. The analysis closes by sketching future, not necessarily promising, trends.
The impact of generic entry and price competition in Jordanian public health sector
Authors: Alabbadi Ibrahim , Hammad Eman A 
Published: July 2015

Objectives Generics as widely considered a major tool to control escalating drugs' expenditures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of generic participation on the bidding prices of originators participated in annual tenders in Jordan (2009–2011) and role of local generics in reducing pharmaceutical expenditures. Methods Data were collected from the Jordan Joint Procurement Department (JPD) website. The difference between bidding prices of originators before and after generics participation was estimated. All prices evaluated in this study were postpatent price. Savings associated with local Jordanian generics was estimated by comparing the price of originators competing against winning local Jordanian generics. Results A total of 17 tenders were reviewed between June 2009 till July 2011. Generic participation in the tendering process lowered the bidding prices of the originators. This contributed to saving of 77 million JDs in 2010 and 15 million JDs in 2011. The bidding prices of originators on average reduced by 11% when competed with generics. Local generics contributed to significant reduction in pharmaceutical expenditures, this contributed to savings of 25 million JDs in 2009–2010. Conclusions Generics entrant resulted in almost 10% reduction in originator competitors, the substantial savings contributed by local generics leads focus on adapting generic substitution and switching private sector purchases to higher generic uptake recommending that policy makers and local manufactures to maintain high production quality, increase confidence in generics and promote their acceptance by professionals and patients.
From vaccines and in vitro diagnosis reagents to similar biotherapeutics production in Brazil: A case study
Authors: de Pádua Risolia Barbosa Antonio , Homma Akira , Couto Artur Roberto , de Farias Teles Elaine Maria 
Published: July 2015

This article describes the technological trajectory of the Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos) of a public institution (Fiocruz) linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, showing how it affected the learning process and the technological capabilities accumulation. It also tackled the government policies to stimulate the local production of similar biotherapeutics through the productive development partnerships, and the regulatory framework involved in this process. Bio-Manguinhos was created in the second half of 1976 aiming to supply the Brazilian National Program of Immunizatio (NPI) created in 1973, by organizing an incipient vaccine production done in several different research laboratories of Fiocruz. Since then, through different types of technology agreements and maintaining the investments on intrinsic technological development, the Institute had an extraordinary growth. Today it is responsible for more than 60% of the vaccines distributed to the Brazilian population, supplies diagnostic kits for several public programs and became an innovative organization launching high-tech kits intrinsically developed. In 2006, Bio-Manguinhos entered the biopharmaceutical field and is becoming the vanguard production in the country for different types of treatment covered by the government. This paper also shows the public health policies that focus to induce the local biological production by stimulating partnerships between public and private companies, the impact of the local production and the changes in the regulatory environment to follow the new scenario. Through different types of technology agreements, Bio-Manguinhos today produces more than 100 million doses of vaccines, including technologically complex ones as streptococcus pneumonia 10 valent. The technological trajectory of the in vitro diagnosis tests was similar to the vaccines, whereas the institute began supplying to the ministry of health programs tests produced in old technological platforms and then became an innovative organization launching high-tech products. Through this case it is possible to realize the learning process as well as the technological capabilities accumulation of Bio-Manguinhos.
Direct and immune-mediated cytotoxicity of interleukin-21 contributes to antitumor effects in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Bhatt Shruti , Matthews Julie , Parvin Salma , Sarosiek Kristopher A. , Zhao Dekuang , Jiang Xiaoyu , Isik Elif , Letai Anthony , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: July 2015

Key Points
IL-21 activates IL-21R–dependent singling to mediate direct cytotoxicity of MCL cells. Indirect effects of IL-21 on immune effector cells also contribute to antitumor effects against MCL.
Quantitative detection of rare interphase chromosome breaks and translocations by high-throughput imaging
Authors: Burman Bharat , Misteli Tom , Pegoraro Gianluca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report a method for the sensitive detection of rare chromosome breaks and translocations in interphase cells. HiBA-FISH (High-throughput break-apart FISH) combines high-throughput imaging with the measurement of the spatial separation of FISH probes flanking target genome regions of interest. As proof-of-principle, we apply hiBA-FISH to detect with high sensitivity and specificity rare chromosome breaks and translocations in the anaplastic large cell lymphoma breakpoint regions of NPM1 and ALK. This method complements existing approaches to detect translocations by overcoming the need for precise knowledge of translocation breakpoints and it extends traditional FISH by its quantitative nature.
Development of a novel imaging system for cell therapy in the brain
Authors: Micci Maria-Adelaide , Boone Debbie R. , Parsley Margaret A. , Wei Jingna , Patrikeev Igor , Motamedi Massoud , Hellmich Helen L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Stem cells have been evaluated as a potential therapeutic approach for several neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system as well as for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Currently, the lack of a reliable and safe method to accurately and non-invasively locate the site of implantation and track the migration of stem cells in vivo hampers the development of stem cell therapy and its clinical application.
In this report, we present data that demonstrate the feasibility of using the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) as a reporter gene for tracking neural stem cells (NSCs) after transplantation in the brain by using single-photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging.

Methods
NSCs were isolated from the hippocampus of adult rats (Hipp-NSCs) and transduced with a lentiviral vector containing the hNIS gene. Hipp-NSCs expressing the hNIS (NIS-Hipp-NSCs) were characterized in vitro and in vivo after transplantation in the rat brain and imaged by using technetium-99m (99mTc) and a small rodent SPECT/CT apparatus. Comparisons were made between Hipp-NSCs and NIS-Hipp-NSCs, and statistical analysis was performed by using two-tailed Student’s t test.

Results
Our results show that the expression of the hNIS allows the repeated visualization of NSCs in vivo in the brain by using SPECT/CT imaging and does not affect the ability of Hipp-NSCs to generate neuronal and glial cells in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
These data support the use of the hNIS as a reporter gene for non-invasive imaging of NSCs in the brain. The repeated, non-invasive tracking of implanted cells will accelerate the development of effective stem cell therapies for traumatic brain injury and other types of central nervous system injury.
Will a Fat Tax Work?
Authors: Khan Romana , Misra Kanishka , Singh Vishal 
Published: July 2015

Of the many proposals to reverse the obesity epidemic, the most contentious is the use of price-based interventions such as the fat tax. Previous investigations of the efficacy of such initiatives in altering consumption behavior yielded contradictory findings. In this article, we use six years of point-of-sale scanner data for milk from a sample of over 1,700 supermarkets across the United States to investigate the potential of small price incentives for inducing substitution of healthier alternatives. We exploit a pricing pattern particular to milk in the United States, whereby prices in some geographical regions are flat across whole, 2%, 1%, and skim milk; whereas in other regions they are decreasing with the fat content level. The prevailing price structure is determined at a chain and regional level, and is independent of local demand conditions. This exogenous variation in price structure provides a quasi-experimental set-up to analyze the impact of small price differences on substitution across fat content. We use detailed demographics to evaluate price sensitivity and substitution patterns for different socioeconomic groups. Results show that small price differences are highly effective in inducing substitution to lower calorie options. The impact is highest for low-income households who are also most at risk for obesity. Our results suggest that a selective taxation mechanism that lowers the relative prices of healthier options, such that those price changes are reflected in shelf prices at the point-of-purchase, can serve as an effective health policy tool in the efforts to control obesity. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0917 . Press Release
Estudo comparativo de controladores de Mamdani e Sugeno para controle de tráfego em interseções isoladas
Authors: Andrade Michelle , Prudêncio Jaques Maria Alice 
Published: July 2015

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><p align="left">Na definição de um controlador</p></font></font></span><font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><p align="left"> </p></font></span><p align="left"><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">fuzzy </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">que modele o conhecimento do especialista e promova o controle desejado de um determinado sistema, o projetista precisa selecionar, inicialmente, o tipo básico de controlador a ser projetado. Isto é, precisa definir se o controlador será do tipo proposto por Mamdani ou Sugeno. Na literatura são encontrados controladores semafóricos </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">fuzzy </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">dos dois tipos sem que, no entanto, referência seja feita às razões que levaram à adoção de um tipo em detrimento do outro. Visando cobrir essa lacuna, este trabalho analisa as principais características dos dois tipos de controladores, e compara as respostas e os efeitos dos mesmos no controle de diferentes volumes de tráfego em uma interseção isolada. Os resultados mostram que o controlador de Sugeno apresenta nítidas vantagens sobre o de Mamdani para a aplicação considerada.</span></span></p>
Development of expectations about psychological counseling scale
Authors: Lüleci Burcu , Soylu Yağmur , Canbulat Nergis 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to determine university students' expectations about counseling. The sample of the study consists of 344 university students (231 women-113 men), who are studying at Ege University. During the scale development process, a draft form with 85 items has been formed based on the literature review. Explanatory factor analysis using varimax rotation has resulted in a four factor structure with 23 items. The four factor structure of the scale has been tested by confirmatory factor analysis and the results have verified the factor structure of the scale. Item-total regression values and Cronbach Alpha coefficients have been calculated to examine the reliability of the scale. In conclusion, the results of this study have provided preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the Expectations about Counseling Scale and the scale can be used for measuring university students' expectations regarding psychological counseling support.
Capacitance Effects in Porous Media.
Authors: Jasti J. K. , Vaidya R. N. , Fogler H. S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
The velocity dependence of the parameters in the Coats-Smith model for tracer dispersion and tailing in porous media was investigated in this study. An axisymmetric pore with a step change in cross sectional area was used as a model system to determine whether the stagnant zone arising due to the variations in flow cross sections contribute to the observed capacitance (i.e. tailing) at the pore level. Numerical simulations show that eddies with recirculation flow are formed in the pockets due to flow separation. The tracer transport between the eddies in the dead zones and the main channel was found to be diffusion limited. The simulations reveal that in the Stokes' flow regime the mass transfer coefficient between the two regions is independent of interstitial velocity.
Core flood experiments were performed using radioactive tracers to verify the hypothesis that the capcitance effects are not due to a change in flowing fraction. The experimental results confirm that tracer tailing is a function of the ratio of the molecular diffusivity to the flow rate. In light of these findings, we investigated the validity of the Coats-Smith model to predict dispersion and tailing in porous medium. Our studies indicate that the Coats-Smith model may be used, however, certain restrictions apply to the procedure for estimation of parameters and are described in this paper.