bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La garantie du passif dans les cessions de sites industriels
Authors: Angeli Guillaume 
Published: September 2015

The liabhity imposed on the transferor of an industrial site is founded on the duty of disclosure which she owes to the transferee.
Environmental law features a growing number of extended liability clauses imposed on the transferor. Such clauses, known as passive guarantees, may firstly be based on a specific document, namely an environmental audit. Secondly, the vendor of an industrial site may also make an undertaking in respect of the legality and conformity of installations formerly operated on that site. Such a guarantee may take several forms, depending on whether the tansferor agrees to reimburse the costs incurred by the transferee when calling on the guarantee or, on the contrary, to pay these sums directly to the transferee' s environmental creditors. It should be emphasized that the passive guarantee mechanism is potentially fraught for the transferor, who should therefore never enter into one without having full knowledge of the exact state of the site.
Les mortalités lilloises (1328-1369)
Authors: Aubry Martine 
Published: September 2015

Een studie over de Rijselse renteniers en andere opzoekingen maken het mogelijk nu te pogen de mortaliteitscurve van de renteniers in een lange période in de xive eeuw te bepalen. Deze studie steunt op de Rijselse stadsrekeningen van die période, en op een steekproef van 385 personen (239 vrouwen en 146 mannen). Zo hebben wij verschillende sterftecurven opgesteld (mannen, vrouwen, mannen en vrouwen samen). Een aantal topjaren vallen op : het zijn 1329, 1333, 1340, 1349 en vooral 1360 en 1367.
Een poging tot verklaring volgt ; men kan alleen maar betreuren dat de stadsrekeningen van Rijsel maar weinig informatie over de doodsoorzaak geven.
L'assise sur le commerce des draps à Douai en 1304
Authors: Dhérent Catherine 
Published: September 2015

Een dagelijkse rekening van de lakenverkoop in Douai bevindt zich in het archief van het huis « Huit-Prêtres » in de stedelijke bibliotheek. Het onderzoek van de plaats- en familienamen van het aantal dagelijks verkochte stukken laat toe het te dateren en te localiseren : Douai, 1304, het jaar van de slag bij Pevelenberg midden in het Frans-Vlaamse conflict. Men verwacht zich niet aan het beeld van de lakenhandel van Douai dat hier te voorschijn komt : de verkoop is het monopolie niet meer van de Boinebroques en de Saint-Venants, maar in handen van een zeer gediversifieerde groep. Jehan de la Couture verkoopt 40 lakens voor 1252 ponden, Andrieu le Clerc 1 tegen 16 pond. De meerderheid van de 268 zetten geen grote kapitalen op het spel en hebben vaak een ander beroep. Zij gaan ook niet naar de vreemde markten, maar soms komen Normandiërs of Italianen hun produkten van een middelmatige kwaliteit kopen. De lakens van 24 pound worden drie maal meer verkocht dan die van 40 pond en 60 maal meer dan die van 105 pond.
Dit document heeft blijkbaar veel belang voor de studie van de lakenhandel in de XIVe eeuw, maar het is tot nog toe uniek en men kan het dus niet met andere vergelijken.
Illégitimité et abandon d'enfant : la position des provinces du Nord (XVIe-XVIIIe)
Authors: Demars-Sion Véronique 
Published: September 2015

Dans les provinces du Nord, la charge des enfants abandonnés incombe aux communautés d'habitants et non aux seigneurs hauts justiciers. Ce statut particulier conduit très tôt les villes soucieuses de limiter leurs obligations à cet égard et d'alléger ainsi leur budget de la charité à élaborer une réglementation elle aussi particulière : c'est ainsi qu'à Lille, à partir du XVIe siècle, les règlements destinés à constater l'accouchement des filles-mères et l'identité du père prétendu se multiplient.
Ce genre de mesure n'est pas spécifique à nos régions : dans d'autres provinces soumises au même statut les communautés d'habitants élaborent des réglementations voisines. L'exemple de la ville de Nantes est très révélateur ; il montre bien qu'en Bretagne comme en Flandre les circonstances influencent le regard porté sur le problème de l'illégitimité, tout particulièrement dans ces rapports avec le phénomène des abandons d'enfants.
Les portions ménagères de marais dans le nord de la France. Les exemples d'Ennevelin et Annappes
Authors: Fourdrignier Marc 
Published: September 2015

Les anciens marais de la région ont donné lieu à un mode de jouissance particulier : ils ont été partagés en parts de marais, encore appelées portions ménagères : ce droit est un droit innomé. Datant de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, ce mode de jouissance a traversé les ans pour être encore appliqué à l'heure actuelle. Seule une loi de 1966 a donné la latitude aux communes de supprimer ce régime juridique. Au delà de cet aspect strictement juridique, on s'attache ici à mettre en évidence l'application de la loi à partir de deux exemples communaux : A Ennevelin, commune du Pévèle-Mélantois, on montre comment au début du XIXe siècle la loi a été appliquée et adaptée.
A Annappes, commune de la région lilloise, on montre comment il a pu y avoir un parallèle entre l'émergence d'intérêts privés liés à l'immobilier et le vote de la loi de 1966.
L’influence de la consommation alimentaire sur la crédulité par rapport aux théories du complot : une étude expérimentale
Authors: Bauer Raposo Benjamin , Pantazi Myrto , Klein Olivier 
Published: September 2015

L’objectif de cette étude consiste à étudier l’influence de la prise alimentaire sur la crédulité par rapport aux théories du complot. Nous nous proposons d’étudier cette question dans un cadre télévisuel. Des travaux récents (Topolinski, Lindler, et Freudenberg, 2013) suggèrent que la prise alimentaire pendant l’exposition à des messages persuasifs est susceptible d’influencer l’adhésion à ces messages. L’étude a été menée auprès d’étudiants universitaires (N = 66). Dans la condition « contrôle », ils visionnaient un documentaire défendant une théorie du complot et répondaient ensuite à un questionnaire élaboré pour mesurer leur crédulité vis-à-vis des informations qui y étaient présentées. Dans la condition « alimentation », les participants étaient invités à consommer des snacks (Smarties ® ) en parallèle à la vision du documentaire. Nous constatons une adhésion au message présenté plus importante en présence qu’en absence de prise alimentaire mais surtout chez les sujets généralement sceptiques par rapport aux théories du complot. Sur une des deux mesures, on observe une configuration inverse chez les personnes possédant des attitudes favorables par rapport aux théories du complot. Nous proposons que l’humeur positive générée par la consommation alimentaire a pu faciliter l’activation de réponse cohérente avec les attitudes initiales vis-à-vis du complot.
Psychopathologie implicite de l’anonymat sur Internet
Authors: Saillot Isabelle 
Published: September 2015

Les recherches en psychologie sociale de l’anonymat sur Internet appartiennent à une riche tradition de pensée dont les premières pages se sont écrites peu avant 1900. Le modèle SIDE (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects) fait suite aux travaux de Festinger sur la « désindividuation », qui avaient été inspirés par la Psychologie des foules de Le Bon (1895). Celui-ci était admirait Ribot, qui allait bientôt former Janet. Ces origines se signalent encore dans les modèles actuels de psychologie sociale en tant que psychopathologie implicite. Un récent article (Guegan et Michinov, 2011) alimentera la réflexion ici menée, autour de la prise en compte de l’action, des sentiments de présence et d’anonymat, et du problème de l’inhibition.
Human β Defensin-3 Increases CD86 Expression on Monocytes by Activating the ATP-Gated Channel P2X7
Authors: Lioi Anthony B. , Ferrari Brian M. , Dubyak George R. , Weinberg Aaron , Sieg Scott F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Human β defensin-3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell–derived antimicrobial peptide, mediates chemotaxis and activation of myeloid cells. In this study, we provide evidence that hBD-3 induces the costimulatory molecule CD86 on primary human monocytes by a mechanism involving autocrine activation of ionotropic P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) by ATP. Incubation of monocytes with hBD-3 resulted in increased expression of both the CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules. Treatment of monocytes with a selective P2X7R antagonist inhibited the ability of hBD-3 to induce expression of CD86 but not CD80. The hBD-3–dependent upregulation of CD86 was also attenuated in monocytes incubated with apyrase, a potent scavenger of extracellular ATP. Finally, direct activation of monocyte P2X7R by exogenous ATP mimicked the ability of hBD-3 to induce CD86 expression. These data suggest that hBD-3 induces monocyte activation by both P2X7-dependent (CD86 upregulation) and P2X7-independent (CD80 upregulation) signaling mechanisms and raise the possibility that activation of P2X7R could play an important role in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment in conditions where hBD-3 is highly expressed, such as psoriasis or oral carcinoma.
FTY720 Abrogates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Hindering Dendritic Cell Migration to Local Lymph Nodes
Authors: Han Yanping , Li Xing , Zhou Qingyou , Jie Hongyu , Lao Xiaobin , Han Jiaochan , He Juan , Liu Xinxia , Gu Dongsheng , He Yi , Sun Erwei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Because dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, modulation of their functions could serve as a novel therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that FTY720 treatment significantly suppressed the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice via the modulation of DC functions. In FTY720-treated CIA mice, a decrease in the number of DCs in local draining lymph nodes (LNs) was observed. In vitro, FTY720 inhibited the trafficking of LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDCs). Decreased secretion of CCL19 and downregulation of CCR7 on DCs may explain the mechanisms underlying the impairment of DC migration induced by FTY720. In a DC-induced mouse arthritis model, FTY720 treatment also suppressed the incidence and severity of arthritis, which was correlated with a decrease in the migration of injected BMDCs to draining LNs. Although lower levels of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86) and I-Aq expressed on LN DCs were observed in FTY720-treated mice, in vitro analysis showed no effect of FTY720 on LPS-stimulated BMDC maturation. Furthermore, LN cells from FTY720-treated CIA mice displayed diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to collagen II and Con A stimulation. In addition, the ratio of Th1/Th2 in the draining LNs of mice with DC-induced arthritis was decreased upon FTY720 treatment. This finding was consistent with the fact that FTY720 suppressed IL-12p70 production in cultured BMDCs. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of DC migration by FTY720 may provide a novel approach in treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Regulation of Adaptive NK Cells and CD8 T Cells by HLA-C Correlates with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation
Authors: Horowitz Amir , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Norman Paul J. , Cooley Sarah , Miller Jeffrey S. , Parham Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mass cytometry was used to investigate the effect of CMV reactivation on lymphocyte reconstitution in hematopoietic cell transplant patients. For eight transplant recipients (four CMV negative and four CMV positive), we studied PBMCs obtained 6 mo after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Forty cell-surface markers, distinguishing all major leukocyte populations in PBMC, were analyzed with mass cytometry. This group included 34 NK cell markers. Compared with healthy controls, transplant recipients had higher HLA-C expression on CD56−CD16+ NK cells, B cells, CD33bright myeloid cells, and CD4CD8 T cells. The increase in HLA-C expression was greater for CMV-positive HCT recipients than for CMV negative recipients. Present in CMV-positive HCT recipients, but not in CMV-negative HCT recipients or controls, is a population of killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)-expressing CD8 T cells not previously described. These CD8 T cells coexpress CD56, CD57, and NKG2C. The HCT recipients also have a population of CD57+NKG2A+ NK cells that preferentially express KIR2DL1. An inverse correlation was observed between the frequencies of CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells and CD57+NKG2A+ NK cells. Although CD57+NKG2A+ NK cells are less abundant in CMV-positive recipients, their phenotype is of a more activated cell than the CD57+NKG2A+ NK cells of controls and CMV-negative HCT recipients. These data demonstrate that HCT and CMV reactivation are associated with an increased expression of HLA-C. This could influence NK cell education during lymphocyte reconstitution. The increased inhibitory KIR expression by proliferating CMV-specific CD8 T cells suggests regulatory interactions between HLA-C and KIR might promote Graft-versus-Leukemia effects following transplantation.
MHC/Peptide-Specific Interaction of the Humoral Immune System: A New Category of Antibodies
Authors: Held Gerhard , Luescher Immanuel F. , Neumann Frank , Papaioannou Chrysostomos , Schirrmann Thomas , Sester Martina , Smola Sigrun , Pfreundschuh Michael 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Abs bind to unprocessed Ags, whereas cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognize peptides derived from endogenously processed Ags presented in the context of class I MHC complexes. We screened, by ELISA, human sera for Abs reacting specifically with the influenza matrix protein (IMP)–derived peptide58–66 displayed by HLA-A*0201 complexes. Among 653 healthy volunteers, blood donors, and women on delivery, high-titered HLA-A*0201/IMP58–66 complex–specific IgG Abs were detected in 11 females with a history of pregnancies and in 1 male, all HLA-A*0201−. These Abs had the same specificity as HLA-A*0201/IMP58–66–specific cytotoxic T cells and bound neither to HLA-A*0201 nor the peptide alone. No such Abs were detected in HLA-A*0201+ volunteers. These Abs were not cross-reactive to other self–MHC class I alleles displaying IMP58–66, but bound to MHC class I complexes of an HLA nonidentical offspring. HLA-A*0201/IMP58–66 Abs were also detected in the cord blood of newborns, indicating that HLA-A*0201/IMP58–66 Abs are produced in HLA-A*0201− mothers and enter the fetal blood system. That Abs can bind to peptides derived from endogenous Ags presented by MHC complexes opens new perspectives on interactions between the cellular and humoral immune system.
Species-Specific Minimal Sequence Motif for Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Activating Mouse TLR9
Authors: Pohar Jelka , Lainšček Duško , Fukui Ryutaro , Yamamoto Chikako , Miyake Kensuke , Jerala Roman , Benčina Mojca 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG recapitulate the activation of TLR9 by microbial DNA. ODNs are potent stimulators of the immune response in cells expressing TLR9. Despite extensive use of mice as experimental animals in basic and applied immunological research, the key sequence determinants that govern the activation of mouse TLR9 by ODNs have not been well defined. We performed a systematic investigation of the sequence motif of B class phosphodiester ODNs to identify the sequence properties that govern mouse TLR9 activation. In contrast to ODNs activating human TLR9, where the minimal sequence motif for the receptor activation comprises a pair of closely positioned CpGs we found that the mouse TLR9 requires a single CpG positioned 4–6 nt from the 5′-end. Activation is augmented by a 5′TCC sequence one to three nucleotides from the CG. The distance of the CG dinucleotide of four to six nucleotides from the 5′-end and the ODN’s length fine-tunes activation of mouse macrophages. Length of the ODN &lt;23 and &gt;29 nt decreases activation of dendritic cells. The ODNs with minimal sequence induce Th1-type cytokine synthesis in dendritic cells and confirm the expression of cell surface markers in B cells. Identification of the minimal sequence provides an insight into the sequence selectivity of mouse TLR9 and points to the differences in the receptor selectivity between species probably as a result of differences in the receptor binding sites.
Fibrocytes Differ from Macrophages but Can Be Infected with HIV-1
Authors: Hashimoto Michihiro , Nasser Hesham , Bhuyan Farzana , Kuse Nozomi , Satou Yorifumi , Harada Shigeyoshi , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Sakuragi Jun-ichi , Monde Kazuaki , Maeda Yosuke , Welbourn Sarah , Strebel Klaus , Abd El-Wahab Ekram W. , Miyazaki Mitsue , Hattori Shinichiro , Chutiwitoonchai Nopporn , Hiyoshi Masateru , Oka Shinichi , Takiguchi Masafumi , Suzu Shinya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Fibrocytes (fibroblastic leukocytes) are recently identified as unique hematopoietic cells with features of both macrophages and fibroblasts. Fibrocytes are known to contribute to the remodeling or fibrosis of various injured tissues. However, their role in viral infection is not fully understood. In this study, we show that differentiated fibrocytes are phenotypically distinguishable from macrophages but can be infected with HIV-1. Importantly, fibrocytes exhibited persistently infected cell-like phenotypes, the degree of which was more apparent than macrophages. The infected fibrocytes produced replication-competent HIV-1, but expressed HIV-1 mRNA at low levels and strongly resisted HIV-1–induced cell death, which enabled them to support an extremely long-term HIV-1 production at low but steady levels. More importantly, our results suggested that fibrocytes were susceptible to HIV-1 regardless of their differentiation state, in contrast to the fact that monocytes become susceptible to HIV-1 after the differentiation into macrophages. Our findings indicate that fibrocytes are the previously unreported HIV-1 host cells, and they suggest the importance of considering fibrocytes as one of the long-lived persistently infected cells for curing HIV-1.
Engagement of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Infected Macrophages Has Pleiotropic Effects on Innate Immune Signaling
Authors: Memari Babak , Bouttier Manuella , Dimitrov Vassil , Ouellette Marc , Behr Marcel A. , Fritz Jorg H. , White John H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of host macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential for uncovering potential avenues of intervention to boost host resistance to infection. Macrophage transcriptome profiling revealed that M. tuberculosis infection strongly induced the expression of several enzymes controlling tryptophan catabolism. These included IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which catalyze the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway, producing ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR and heterodimeric partners AHR nuclear translocator and RELB are robustly expressed, and AHR and RELB levels increased further during infection. Infection enhanced AHR/AHR nuclear translocator and AHR/RELB DNA binding and stimulated the expression of AHR target genes, including that encoding the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. AHR target gene expression was further enhanced by exogenous kynurenine, and exogenous tryptophan, kynurenine, or synthetic agonist indirubin reduced mycobacterial viability. Comparative expression profiling revealed that AHR ablation diminished the expression of numerous genes implicated in innate immune responses, including several cytokines. Notably, AHR depletion reduced the expression of IL23A and IL12B transcripts, which encode subunits of IL-23, a macrophage cytokine that stimulates production of IL-22 by innate lymphoid cells. AHR directly induced IL23A transcription in human and mouse macrophages through near-upstream enhancer regions. Taken together, these findings show that AHR signaling is strongly engaged in M. tuberculosis–infected macrophages and has widespread effects on innate immune responses. Moreover, they reveal a cascade of AHR-driven innate immune signaling, because IL-1β and IL-23 stimulate T cell subsets producing IL-22, another direct target of AHR transactivation.
Polarization of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Is Mediated via ERK/IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Feedback and Restrains the Activation of T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Fang Zhong , Li Jin , Yu Xiaoyu , Zhang Dandan , Ren Guangxu , Shi Bisheng , Wang Cong , Kosinska Anna D. , Wang Sen , Zhou Xiaohui , Kozlowski Maya , Hu Yunwen , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by T cell tolerance to virus. Although inhibition of T cell responses by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) has been observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the mechanism for expansion of MDSCs remains ambiguous. In this study, a significant increased frequency of monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) was shown positively correlated to level of HBsAg in the patients with CHB. We further found hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) efficiently promoted differentiation of mMDSCs in vitro, and monocytes in PBMCs performed as the progenitors. This required the activation of ERK/IL-6/STAT3 signaling feedback. Importantly, the mMDSCs polarized by HBsAg in vitro acquired the ability to suppress T cell activation. Additionally, treatment of all-trans retinoic acid, an MDSC-targeted drug, restored the proliferation and IFN-γ production by HBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PBMCs from patients with CHB and prevented increase of viral load in mouse model. In summary, HBsAg maintains HBV persistence and suppresses T cell responses by promoting differentiation of monocytes into mMDSCs. A therapy aimed at the abrogation of MDSCs may help to disrupt immune suppression in patients with CHB.
Mechanistic Basis for Epitope Proofreading in the Peptide-Loading Complex
Authors: Fleischmann Gerda , Fisette Olivier , Thomas Christoph , Wieneke Ralph , Tumulka Franz , Schneeweiss Clemens , Springer Sebastian , Schäfer Lars V. , Tampé Robert 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The peptide-loading complex plays a pivotal role in Ag processing and is thus central to the efficient immune recognition of virally and malignantly transformed cells. The underlying mechanism by which MHC class I (MHC I) molecules sample immunodominant peptide epitopes, however, remains poorly understood. In this article, we delineate the interaction between tapasin (Tsn) and MHC I molecules. We followed the process of peptide editing in real time after ultra-fast photoconversion to pseudoempty MHC I molecules. Tsn discriminates between MHC I loaded with optimal and MHC I bound to suboptimal cargo. This differential interaction is key to understanding the kinetics of epitope proofreading. To elucidate the underlying mechanism at the atomic level, we modeled the Tsn/MHC I complex using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We present a catalytic working cycle, in which Tsn binds to MHC I with suboptimal cargo and thereby adjusts the energy landscape in favor of MHC I complexes with immunodominant epitopes.
Drug Review: Fosfomycin—A Rarely used but more Practical Approach for Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta , Singh Omkar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
In this current era of resistance, treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) on outpatient department (OPD) basis has become cumbersome. Resistance has dramatically increased for cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin in past few decades. Intravenous drugs increase the cost of treatment and patient may need hospitalization. We searched and analyzed the literature and found fosfomycin to be better alternative in resistant UTI as resistance to this drug is low and is cost-effective in comparison to available intravenous drugs.

How to cite this article
Agrawal P, Garg R, Yadav S, Singh O. Drug Review: Fosfomycin—A Rarely used but more Practical Approach for Urinary Tract Infections. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(2):68-70.