bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of edible chitosan/clove oil films and high‐pressure processing on the microbiological shelf life of trout fillets
Authors: Albertos Irene , Rico Daniel , Diez Ana María , González‐Arnáiz Lucía , García‐Casas María Jesús , Jaime Isabel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe inhibitory effect of chitosan films with clove oil (0–50 g kg−1) was evaluated on a range of ten representative food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.RESULTSThe most sensitive bacteria to the films was Shewanella putrefaciens and the most resistant was Aeromonas hydrophila (inhibition was apparent only at 50 g kg−1 clove essential oil (CEO)). Films with 20 g kg−1 CEO inhibited nine of ten of the bacteria tested. Chitosan films with 20 g kg−1 CEO were combined with high‐pressure (HPP) processing as treatments for trout fillets, and changes in physicochemical parameters and microbial load were evaluated at 4 °C over 22 days of storage. The films reduced weight loss and water activity compared to fresh and treated samples (HPP and cooking). Results showed that microbial load (total aerobic mesophilic, lactic acid bacteria and total coliform) of the trout fillets covered with chitosan films was lower than that for HPP‐treated samples, and similar to cooked samples, except for coliform counts.CONCLUSIONThe use of 20 g kg−1 CEO–chitosan films showed a further improvement in the shelf‐life of trout fillets when compared to that obtained with HPP and cooking treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Transitory effect on endolymphatic hydrops of the intratympanic steroids for Ménière's disease
Authors: Martin‐Sanz Eduardo , Esteban‐Sanchez Jonathan , Rodrigañez‐Riesco Laura , Sanz‐Fernández Ricardo 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to evaluate the changes in electrocochleography (EcohG) measurements after intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone therapy and to correlate them with the long‐term effects on the control of vertigo.Study DesignProspective outcomes research.MethodsThis study included 62 patients with unilateral Ménière's Disease (MD) refractory to medical therapy for at least 1 year. Each patient was treated with a fixed protocol of three consecutive weekly injections of a commercial 4 mg/mL dexamethasone preparation. The 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO–HNS) criteria for reporting treatment outcomes for MD were used.Electrocochleography (EcohG) measurements were performed 1 month before and 1 and 12 months after IT steroid therapy. Caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMPs) were performed before the IT treatment. The summating potential/action potential (SP/AP) ratio was measured before and after the IT treatment. A Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to evaluate the control of vertigo over a 2‐year period.ResultsComplete vertigo control (class A) was achieved in 26 patients (41.9%) at the 12‐month follow‐up and in 12 patients (19.3%) at the 24‐month follow‐up. A significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the SP/AP ratio after the IT steroid treatment was observed in the first‐month determination, but no significant differences were found when the initial and 12‐month determination were compared.ConclusionsIT dexamethasone provides an alternative treatment for patients with Ménière's Disease. A transitory reduction of the endolymphatic hydrops is detected by the EcohG 1 month after treatment. The hydrops levels returned to their initial values in the 1‐year EcohG follow‐up.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1183–1188, 2015
Integrated psychological care in head and neck cancer: Views from health care providers, patients, and supports
Authors: Jesse Michelle T. , Ryan Michael E. , Eshelman Anne , Ghanem Tamer , Williams Amy M. , Miller‐Matero Lisa R. , Yaremchuk Kathleen 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisAn evaluation by head‐and‐neck cancer (HNC) staff, patients, and patient support feedback regarding integrated psychological care and perceived benefit based on patient characteristics.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey of HNC staff, patients, and their primary supports; and retrospective chart review of psychiatric characteristics of HNC patients.MethodsHNC staff, patients (who were evaluated by the integrated psychologist), and their primary supports were given questionnaires on their perception of benefit of including a psychologist in the evaluation and treatment of HNC patients. Also, a retrospective chart review on patients who were psychiatrically evaluated by the psychologist on sociodemographics and psychiatric characteristics.ResultsOverall, integration of a psychologist was well received by patients, supports, and staff. Younger patients reported greater satisfaction with the availability of the psychologist than older patients (P = .04), and patients with reported psychiatric histories (diagnoses in remission) indicated more satisfaction with the psychologist in relation to managing distress than patients who denied psychiatric histories (P = .03); however, patients who were currently smoking tended to report lower satisfaction with the psychologist helping with distress than those who were past/never smokers (P = .06).ConclusionsIntegrated psychological care has the potential to improve care provided for HNC patients.Level of EvidenceLevel 4. Laryngoscope, 125:1345–1351, 2015
Efficacy of bone marrow cytologic evaluations in detecting occult cancellous invasion
Authors: Namin Arya W. , Bruggers Seth D. , Panuganti Bharat A. , Christopher Kara M. , Walker Ronald J. , Varvares Mark A. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the accuracy of bone marrow cytologic evaluations in detecting occult cancellous invasion by squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) beyond the original margins of bone resection that would have gone undetected without the use of intraoperative bone‐marrow margin analysis.Study DesignRetrospective single institution cohort study.MethodsRetrospective chart review of imaging, clinical, pathological, and follow‐up data of 51 patients who underwent mandibular resections with intraoperative bone‐marrow cytologic evaluation. The accuracy of bone marrow cytologic evaluations to predict final bone margins was calculated. Five‐year survival rates were determined.ResultsThe accuracy of bone marrow cytologic evaluations in detecting occult cancellous invasion by SCCa beyond the original margins of bone resection was 100%. Twelve percent (6/51) were found to have positive bone margins on cytology and were re‐resected to obtain clear margins. Patients with a prior history of radiation had a significantly higher incidence of initially positive bone‐marrow margins (P = 0.03). The patients with initially positive bone‐margins did not have a significantly different prognosis than the patients with initially negative bone‐marrow margins.Conclusion1) The consistent use of intraoperative bone‐marrow cytologic evaluation, when applicable, will improve the ability to obtain clear bone margins. 2) Patients with a history of prior radiation therapy have a significantly higher risk of having occult cancellous invasion of SCCa beyond the original margins of bone resection. 3) The prognosis of patients with initially positive bone‐marrow margins is not significantly different than patients with initially negative bone‐marrow margins.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:E173–E179, 2015
Assessing the Role of a Limestone Quarry as Sediment Source in a Developing Tropical Catchment
Authors: Jaramillo Fernando , Baccard Matthieu , Narinesingh Pramenath , Gaskin Susan , Cooper Vincent 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImpact assessments on river systems of the combined effect of bed and suspended sediment loads from quarries are difficult to find. In this study, bed and suspended loads were measured to determine the impact of a 20‐ha limestone quarry on the river system of its 5,000‐ha steep, diverse land use/land cover but mostly forested catchment. A network of hydrologic and sediment monitoring instruments was deployed over the catchment during two separate study periods when sediment loadings were measured from captured storms. Results showed that the quarry stood to make a disproportionately large contribution to the catchment's estimated 2·1 Mg ha−1 yr−1 suspended sediment load. Large storm events contributed most of the loadings with five events supplying 92% of total loadings at the outlet. A paired method approach to compare suspended sediment loads between two subcatchments showed that during eight storm events, the quarry yielded between 2 and 49·2 Mg ha−1 per event, whereas the forest never yielded more than 0·1 Mg ha−1. Furthermore, the contribution of sediments from the quarry to bed load was more than 75% at a section located 1·2 km downstream. Future management activities to reduce sediment and bed loads, not only from this catchment but also from all others with similar land use/land covers, should focus on improving quarry operations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personalized treatment of Sézary syndrome by targeting a novel CTLA4:CD28 fusion
Authors: Sekulic Aleksandar , Liang Winnie S. , Tembe Waibhav , Izatt Tyler , Kruglyak Semyon , Kiefer Jeffrey A. , Cuyugan Lori , Zismann Victoria , Legendre Christophe , Pittelkow Mark R. , Gohmann John J. , De Castro Fernando R. , Trent Jeffrey , Carpten John , Craig David W. , McDaniel Timothy K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMatching molecularly targeted therapies with cancer subtype‐specific gene mutations is revolutionizing oncology care. However, for rare cancers this approach is problematic due to the often poor understanding of the disease's natural history and phenotypic heterogeneity, making treatment of these cancers a particularly unmet medical need in clinical oncology. Advanced Sézary syndrome (SS), an aggressive, exceedingly rare variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a prototypical example of a rare cancer. Through whole genome and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) of a SS patient's tumor we discovered a highly expressed gene fusion between CTLA4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) and CD28 (cluster of differentiation 28), predicting a novel stimulatory molecule on the surface of tumor T cells. Treatment with the CTLA4 inhibitor ipilimumab resulted in a rapid clinical response. Our findings suggest a novel driver mechanism for SS, and cancer in general, and exemplify an emerging model of cancer treatment using exploratory genomic analysis to identify a personally targeted treatment option when conventional therapies are exhausted.
Tumour but not stromal expression of β3 integrin is essential, and is required early, for spontaneous dissemination of bone‐metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Carter Rachel Zoe , Micocci Kelli Cristina , Natoli Anthony , Redvers Richard Paul , Paquet‐Fifield Sophie , Martin Ana Carolina Baptista Moreno , Denoyer Delphine , Ling Xiawei , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Tomasin Rebeka , Selistre‐de‐Araújo Heloisa , Anderson Robin Lesley , Pouliot Normand 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough many preclinical studies have implicated β3 integrin receptors (αvβ3 and αIIbβ3) in cancer progression, β3 inhibitors have shown only modest efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumours. The limited efficacy of β3 inhibitors in patients could arise from our incomplete understanding of the precise function of β3 integrin and, consequently, inappropriate clinical application. Data from animal studies are conflicting and indicate heterogeneity with respect to the relative contributions of β3‐expressing tumour and stromal cell populations in different cancers. Here we aimed to clarify the function and relative contributions to metastasis of tumour versus stromal β3 integrin in clinically relevant models of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis, with particular emphasis on bone metastasis. We show that stable down‐regulation of tumour β3 integrin dramatically impairs spontaneous (but not experimental) metastasis to bone and lung without affecting primary tumour growth in the mammary gland. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to subcutaneous tumours, orthotopic tumour vascularity, growth and spontaneous metastasis were not altered in mice null for β3 integrin. Tumour β3 integrin promoted migration, protease expression and trans‐endothelial migration in vitro and increased vascular dissemination in vivo, but was not necessary for bone colonization in experimental metastasis assays. We conclude that tumour, rather than stromal, β3 expression is essential and is required early for efficient spontaneous breast cancer metastasis to bone and soft tissues. Accordingly, differential gene expression analysis in cohorts of breast cancer patients showed a strong association between high β3 expression, early metastasis and shorter disease‐free survival in patients with oestrogen receptor‐negative tumours. We propose that β3 inhibitors may be more efficacious if used in a neoadjuvant setting, rather than after metastases are established. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CUL4B activates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing Wnt antagonists
Authors: Yuan Jupeng , Han Bo , Hu Huili , Qian Yanyan , Liu Zhaojian , Wei Zhao , Liang Xiaohong , Jiang Baichun , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractActivation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is frequently observed in many types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently reported that cullin 4B (CUL4B), a scaffold protein that assembles CRL4B ubiquitin ligase complexes, is overexpressed in many types of solid tumours and contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressors. In this study, we characterized the function of CUL4B in HCC and investigated whether CUL4B is involved in the regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. CUL4B and β‐catenin were frequently up‐regulated and positively correlated in HCC tissues. CUL4B activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling by protecting β‐catenin from GSK3‐mediated degradation, achieved through CUL4B‐mediated epigenetic silencing of Wnt pathway antagonists. Knockdown of CUL4B resulted in the up‐regulation of Wnt signal antagonists such as DKK1 and PPP2R2B. Simultaneous knockdown of PPP2R2B partially reversed the down‐regulation of β‐catenin signalling caused by CUL4B depletion. Furthermore, CRL4B promoted the recruitment and/or retention of PRC2 at the promoters of Wnt antagonists and CUL4B knockdown decreased the retention of PRC2 components as well as H3K27me3. Knockdown of CUL4B reduced the proliferation, colony formation, and invasiveness of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo, and these effects were attenuated by introduction of exogenous β‐catenin or simultaneous knockdown of PPP2R2B. Conversely, ectopic expression of CUL4B enhanced the proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells. We conclude that CUL4B can up‐regulate Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in human HCC through transcriptionally repressing Wnt antagonists and thus contributes to the malignancy of HCC. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NCI investment in nanotechnology: achievements and challenges for the future
Authors: Dickherber Anthony , Morris Stephanie A. , Grodzinski Piotr 
Published: November 2014

Nanotechnology offers an exceptional and unique opportunity for developing a new generation of tools addressing persistent challenges to progress in cancer research and clinical care. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes this potential, which is why it invests roughly $150 M per year in nanobiotechnology training, research and development. By exploiting the various capacities of nanomaterials, the range of nanoscale vectors and probes potentially available suggests much is possible for precisely investigating, manipulating, and targeting the mechanisms of cancer across the full spectrum of research and clinical care. NCI has played a key role among federal R&D agencies in recognizing early the value of nanobiotechnology in medicine and committing to its development as well as providing training support for new investigators in the field. These investments have allowed many in the research community to pursue breakthrough capabilities that have already yielded broad benefits. Presented here is an overview of how NCI has made these investments with some consideration of how it will continue to work with this research community to pursue paradigm‐changing innovations that offer relief from the burdens of cancer. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:251–265. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1318This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
The preference and practice of Nigerian obstetricians regarding focused versus standard models of prenatal care
Authors: Ezeonu Paul O. , Lawani Lucky O. , Iyoke Chukwuemeka A. , Eze Justus N. , Onoh Robinson C. , Anozie Okechukwu B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine preferences, practices, and acceptance of focused versus standard prenatal‐care models among Nigerian obstetricians.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was performed among clinicians who attended a conference held in Lagos, Nigeria, between November 27 and 29, 2013. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics and opinions on prenatal care.ResultsA total of 201 delegates returned complete questionnaires. All respondents were aware of both models of prenatal care. Although 70 (34.8%) respondents stated a preference for focused care, only 6 (3.0%) used this model in clinical practice. The main reason for their preference was the evidence base (23.4%). Overall, 185 (92.0%) respondents stated institutional protocol determined preference for and practice of standard care, 108 (53.7%) believed patients preferred standard care, and 89 (44.3%) felt standard care had health benefits. Preference for one model over the other was significantly associated with type and level of the healthcare practice (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Modification of the focused model to meet local, national, and cultural needs was recommended by 171 (85.1%) respondents.ConclusionMost obstetricians are skeptical about focused prenatal care and have not embraced this model owing to personal, institutional, and sociocultural factors.
The dynamics of breaking internal solitary waves on slopes
Authors: Arthur Robert S. , Fringer Oliver B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing direct numerical simulations (DNS), we investigate the structure and energetics of breaking internal waves on slopes. We employ a Navier–Stokes code in an idealized three-dimensional domain where an internal solitary wave of depression impinges upon a sloping bottom. Seven cases with varying initial wave amplitude and bathymetric slope, but constant wave Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}_{w}$ are considered. Volume-integrated values of dissipation and irreversible mixing are related to the density and velocity structure of the wave throughout the breaking process. The majority of dissipation (63 %) occurs along the no-slip bottom boundary. Most of the remaining dissipation (35 %) and nearly all irreversible mixing occurs in the interior after breaking, when density overturns are present at the interface. Breaking introduces three-dimensionality to the flow field that is driven by the lateral breakdown of density overturns and the lobe–cleft instability typical of gravity currents. The resulting longitudinal rolls (streamwise vorticity) increase dissipation by roughly 8 % and decrease irreversible mixing by roughly 20 % when compared with a similar two-dimensional simulation. The bulk mixing efficiency is shown to increase for larger and smaller values of the internal Iribarren number ${\it\xi}$, with a minimum for intermediate values of ${\it\xi}$ and a peak near ${\it\xi}=0.8$ for plunging breakers. This trend is explained by the degree of two-dimensionality in the flow, and agrees with previous results in the literature after accounting for Reynolds number effects. Local turbulence quantities are also calculated at ‘virtual moorings’, and a location upslope of the breakpoint but downslope of the intersection of the pycnocline and the bottom is shown to provide a signal that is most representative of the volume-integrated dissipation and mixing results.
Wearable cameras can reduce dietary under-reporting: doubly labelled water validation of a camera-assisted 24 h recall
Authors: Gemming Luke , Rush Elaine , Maddison Ralph , Doherty Aiden , Gant Nicholas , Utter Jennifer , Ni Mhurchu Cliona 
Published: November 2014

Preliminary research has suggested that wearable cameras may reduce under-reporting of energy intake (EI) in self-reported dietary assessment. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of a wearable camera-assisted 24 h dietary recall against the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was assessed over 15 d using the DLW protocol among forty adults (n20 males, age 35 (sd17) years, BMI 27 (sd4) kg/m2andn20 females, age 28 (sd7) years, BMI 22 (sd2) kg/m2). EI was assessed using three multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls (MP24) on days 2–4, 8–10 and 13–15. On the days before each nutrition assessment, participants wore an automated wearable camera (SenseCam (SC)) in free-living conditions. The wearable camera images were viewed by the participants following the completion of the dietary recall, and their changes in self-reported intakes were recorded (MP24+SC). TEE and EI assessed by the MP24 and MP24+SC methods were compared. Among men, the MP24 and MP24+SC measures underestimated TEE by 17 and 9 %, respectively (P< 0·001 andP= 0·02). Among women, these measures underestimated TEE by 13 and 7 %, respectively (P< 0·001 andP= 0·004). The assistance of the wearable camera (MP24+SC) reduced the magnitude of under-reporting by 8 % for men and 6 % for women compared with the MP24 alone (P< 0·001 andP< 0·001). The increase in EI was predominantly from the addition of 265 unreported foods (often snacks) as revealed by the participants during the image review. Wearable cameras enhance the accuracy of self-report by providing passive and objective information regarding dietary intake. High-definition image sensors and increased imaging frequency may improve the accuracy further.