bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the Faraday rotation sky
Authors: Hutschenreuter Sebastian , Haverkorn Marijke , Frank Philipp , Raycheva Nergis C. , Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Magnetic fields permeate the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way, and are essential to explain the dynamical evolution and current shape of the Galaxy. Magnetic fields reveal themselves via their influence on the surrounding matter, and as such are notoriously hard to measure independently of other tracers.
Aims. In this work, we attempt to disentangle an all-sky map of the line-of-sight (LoS)-parallel component of the Galactic magnetic field from the Faraday effect, utilizing several tracers of the Galactic electron density, ne. Additionally, we aim to produce a Galactic electron dispersion measure map and quantify several tracers of the structure of the ionized medium of the Milky Way.
Methods. The method developed to reach these aims is based on information field theory, a Bayesian inference framework for fields, which performs well when handling noisy and incomplete data and constraining high-dimensional-parameter spaces. We rely on compiled catalogs of extragalactic Faraday rotation measures and Galactic pulsar dispersion measures, a well as data on bremsstrahlung and the hydrogen α spectral line to trace the ionized medium of the Milky Way.
Results. We present the first full sky map of the LoS-averaged Galactic magnetic field. Within this map, we find LoS-parallel and LoS-averaged magnetic field strengths of up to 4 µG, with an all-sky root mean square of 1.1 µG, which is consistent with previous local measurements and global magnetic field models. Additionally, we produce a detailed electron dispersion measure map that agrees with existing parametric models at high latitudes but suffers from systematic effects in the disk. Further analysis of our results with regard to the 3D structure of ne reveals that it follows a Kolmogorov-type turbulence for most of the sky. From the reconstructed dispersion measure and emission measure maps, we construct several tracers of variability in ne along the LoS.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates the power of consistent joint statistical analysis including multiple datasets and physical quantities and defines a road map toward a full three-dimensional joint reconstruction of the Galactic magnetic field and the ionized ISM.
Current Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapies in China
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yong , Guo Jin-He , Lu Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that is particularly prevalent in China, making up almost 50% of HCC cases worldwide. Compared to HCC patients in Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific region, Chinese patients exhibit unique characteristics in etiology, demographics (age, gender, geographic location, economic status), biological behavior, treatment options, and prognosis. While hepatitis B virus remains a primary cause of HCC in China, there is a growing trend of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the country. A special pathological staging guidance distribution of therapies for HCC was developed by the Chinese Medical Association. In China, there is a diverse array of therapeutic options for treating HCC, including liver resection, liver transplantation, intra-arterial therapies, ablation, radiotherapies, systemic therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine. The treatment of HCC has multiple permutations and combinations of modalities. Due to the varying stages of HCC and individual patient differences, the multidisciplinary team model is often necessary to tailor treatment strategies and optimize clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, to enhance survival benefits and effectively improve the prognosis and life quality of patients with HCC, Chinese experts are actively engaged in conducting clinical trials to identify potential beneficiary populations. This review aims to elaborate on the therapeutic features of HCC in China to present to the world the innovative approaches and comprehensive care offered to Chinese HCC patients.
Fulgence Raymond: from rural life and veterinary medicine to Charcot's successor at La Salpêtrière Hospital
Authors: Teive Hélio A. G. , Correa Catarina Dantas , Coutinho Léo , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Walusinski Olivier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a historical overview of Professor Fulgence Raymond, Charcot's eldest pupil, who was chosen as his successor. It explores Raymond's origins as a veterinary surgeon, his evolution as a neurologist under Charcot's mentorship, and his tenure as the professor's successor at the La Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, France, from 1894 to 1910.
Impact of Patient Age on Management of Hypothyroidism: A Survey of Physicians from Three Developing Regions
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Bashir Mohammed , Hafidh Khadija , Afandi Bachar , Shaikh Shehla , Hammami Sonia , Khalil Ali B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increase with age, and aiming for the same TSH target applicable in a younger population in older patients who are on replacement with thyroid hormones.
Methods We assessed practice patterns regarding TSH goals and explored factors influencing physicians' decision-making when managing hypothyroidism. Multiple-choice questions in a case-based survey of a convenience sample of physicians practicing in relevant disciplines in three developing regions.
Results Of the total 286, senior physicians represented 63% and mid-grades represented 27% of the respondents. Forty-one percent were endocrinologists, 19% were internists with endocrine interests, and 16% were family physicians. Over half (52%) practiced at a tertiary level and 42% had been in practice for over 20 years. Fifty percent of respondents had more than 20% of their patients over 65 years.Several attributes were factored into decision-making when managing hypothyroidism. Respondents took into account age (75%), preceded by the presence of cardiac arrhythmias (80%), pregnancy (79%), heart disease (78%), and patient symptoms (77%) when determining the treatment strategy. When presented with scenarios differing in patients' age, around 90% of physicians targeted a TSH ≤ 3.0 mIU/L in 30-year-old patients. Fifteen percent of respondents targeted a TSH of 1.6 to 3.0 mIU/L in octogenarians, but 78% targeted a TSH > 3.1 to 5.0 mIU/L in this group. Regardless of sex, physician-reported TSH goal ranges (0.1–0.5, 0.6–1.5, 1.6–3.0, and 3.1–5.0 mIU/L) increased directly to patient age. Overall, respondents were less inclined to start treatment in 85-year-olds than in 70-year-old females with TSH of 6 mU/L (20% vs. 11%). Females with a TSH of 15 mU/L were more likely to get treated than those with a 6 mU/L TSH. Vital persons are more likely to be treated with thyroxine than vulnerable persons for the same TSH levels. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with endocrinologists, family physicians and other specialties were less likely to consider age in their clinical decisions, odds ratio (OR) 0.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–0.7), p = 0.018, and OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1–0.8), p = 0.013, respectively.
Conclusion A consensus is needed on the role of patients' age in hypothyroidism management, the complexity of managing hypothyroidism in an older adult patient, and the variability in practice patterns among physicians. Addressing these challenges demands ongoing dialogue and collaboration among health care providers to improve patient care and outcomes in hypothyroidism management across different age groups.
Experimental investigation of the effects of altitude on the performance of a non-sprayed porous burner
Authors: Gao Huaibin , Li Zhilong , Zong Shouchao , Ma Yu , Zhang Chuanwei 
Published: August 2024

A self-sustained burner was built for diesel oil without an atomizer using metal fiber felt as an evaporator. The effects of firing rate, excess air coefficient, and altitude on the temperature distribution, NOx emission, and CO emission were studied. The results indicated that fuel evaporation and combustion inside the burner are significantly influenced by the altitude. The overall temperature distribution inside the burner first decreased and then increased with the increase in altitude. The main reasons for the formation of NOx are the local high temperature during start-up and the high temperature after flame stabilization. The NOx emission initially decreased and then increased with the increase in altitude. The NOx emission is the lowest at an altitude of 1700 m and reaches its maximum value at an altitude of 4780 m. The main cause of CO generation is incomplete combustion during the start-up process. The CO emission decreased with the increase in the excess air coefficient at the same altitude. Less CO is produced with the increase in altitude at the same firing rate and excess air coefficient.
Adaptive spiking, itinerancy, and quantum effects in artificial neuron circuit hardware with niobium–hafnium oxide-niobium memristor devices inserted
Authors: Nayfeh Osama M. , Manukian Haik , Kelly Matthew , Mauger Justin 
Published: August 2024

To improve artificial intelligence/autonomous systems and help with treating neurological conditions, there is a requirement for the discovery and design of artificial neuron hardware that mimics the advanced functionality and operation of the neural networks available in biological organisms. We examine experimental artificial neuron circuits that we designed and built in hardware with memristor devices using 4.2 nm of hafnium oxide and niobium metal inserted in the positive and negative feedback of an oscillator. At room temperature, these artificial neurons have adaptive a spiking behavior and hybrid non-chaotic/chaotic modes. When networked, they output with strong itinerancy, and we demonstrate a four-neuron learning network and modulation of signals. The superconducting state at 8.1 K results in Josephson tunneling with signs that the hafnium oxide ionic states are influenced by quantum control effects in accordance with quantum master equation calculations of the expectation values and correlation functions with a calibrated time-dependent Hamiltonian. These results are of importance to continue advancing neuromorphic hardware technologies that integrate memristors and other memory devices for many biological-inspired applications and beyond that can function with adaptive-itinerant spiking and quantum effects in their principles of operation.
Growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs fed diets supplemented with antioxidants and organic acids in late summer
Authors: Le Hieu H. , Hewitt Robert , Tritton Sally , D’Souza Darryl Nicholas , Shakeri Majid , Iqbal Yasir , Ha Minh , Warner Robyn D. , Dunshea Frank R. , Cottrell Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2024

Context Heat stress compromises growth performance and meat quality and results in economic losses in pork production. Aims We investigated the effects of supranutritional levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VitE), along with organic acid blends, on the growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs over a period of weeks during late summer to early autumn in Westbrook, Queensland, Australia. Methods A total of 264 crossbred pigs (25.8 ± 2.4 kg, mean ± s.d.) at 11 weeks of age were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two aging times (2 or 5 days) nested within each pig. The factors included antioxidants (Se/E, with recommended or supranutritional doses of Se and VitE), an organic acids (OA) blend added to drinking water (control vs supplemented), and sex (female vs male). Key results Between 16 and 18 weeks of age, high Se/E decreased daily feed intake (P = 0.010) but had no effects on average daily gain or feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Male pigs grew faster (P = 0.040) and had a higher FCE than females (P = 0.050). Supplementation with OA increased FCE in males but not females (OA × Sex interaction, P = 0.035). Between Weeks 16 and 20, male pigs grew faster (P < 0.001), tended to eat more (P = 0.057), and had higher FCE (P = 0.002) than females (P < 0.001). There were no main effects of Se/E or OA on meat quality, except protein oxidation was reduced by high Se/E (P = 0.047). Sex impacted only Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), with male pigs having lower WBSF than females (P = 0.053). Meat aging decreased WBSF (P < 0.001), but it increased cooking loss (P = 0.036), myofibrillar fragmentation index (P < 0.001), lipid oxidation (P < 0.001) and colour parameters (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions Supplementation with Se/E for up to 10 weeks and OA for 5 weeks did not influence production parameters or pork quality in late summer, except that high Se/E decreased protein oxidation, and significant heat stress conditions were not experienced as expected. Implications Supplementation with Se/E and OA may be effective when environmental temperatures are higher.
Spatiotemporal pattern formation in parametrically driven two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Wan Jun , Wen Wen , Li Hui-jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate spatiotemporal periodic patterns in harmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) driven by a periodic modulation of the interaction. Resonant with the breathing mode, we show the emergence of a square lattice pattern containing two orthonormal stripes. We study the time evolutions of the lattice patterns for different driving strengths and dissipations. We find that its spatial periodicity and temporal oscillating frequency match the Bogoliubov dispersion, which is the intrinsic property of the system and relevant to the parametric amplification of elementary excitations. In the circumstances of strong driving strength and low dissipation, we further observe the triad interaction and the resulting superlattice state, which are well explained by the nonlinear amplitude equation for superimposed stripes. These results shed light on unexplored nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of two-dimensional patterns in harmonically trapped BECs that can pave the way for engineering exotic patterns by state-of-the-art experiments.
Credible calculation method for regional corrected carbon emission factors taking into account the nearby consumption of renewable energy
Authors: Guo Qinglei , Pan Xiukui , Zhou Weiqing , Li Peng , Li Qi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The carbon emission factor of the power grid is a key data indicator for measuring the carbon emission level on the user side. Currently, the carbon emission factor of the power grid is not sufficient to accurately express the regional carbon emission level, and especially cannot accurately reflect the regional new energy consumption level, which affects user confidence in emission reduction and the accuracy of carbon emission quota issuance. Therefore, this article utilizes blockchain technology and carbon emission flow theory to realize the impact of user-side self-generated and self-used photovoltaics (PV) on carbon emission factors. We have constructed a residual power grid correction model, designed a blockchain intelligent terminal module and functional requirements, ensured the correctness of the model and results from the source, solved the problem of data tampering and insufficient data credibility generated by terminal devices at the source, and ultimately helped achieve the dual carbon goal.
Distribution and potential assessment of biomass raw material resources in the Inner Mongolia region
Authors: Ma Qiang , Lv Yue , Chai Rui , Wang Meng , Ren Yucheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the national energy transition and upgrading, the development of clean energy has attracted significant attention. Among these, agricultural biomass energy plays a crucial role in realizing a low-carbon transition. Taking the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study, this research assesses and analyzes the potential of biomass availability in agricultural waste by introducing net biomass calculation. It also examines the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of available biomass resources in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region using GIS software. The results indicate that in 2022, the total amount of straw resources in Inner Mongolia will reach 48, 926, 800, 000 tons, with 24, 198, 900, 000 tons of available biomass energy. Additionally, the dry matter content of livestock and poultry waste is estimated at 28, 198, 000, 000 tons, with 14, 233, 200, 200 tons of available biomass energy. Geospatial analysis reveals a decreasing trend in the regional distribution of available biomass resources from the northeast to the southwest. Furthermore, this paper analyzes various biomass utilization methods. It is estimated that biomass resources can reduce carbon emissions by 913.72 tons if used for biomass power generation. Biomass can also be utilized in pyrolysis and gasification processes. Through these conversion technologies, approximately 2562.62 tons of available biomass in the Inner Mongolia region can be converted. In the benefit analysis, the Inner Mongolia region demonstrates a good economic and environmental situation, with an estimated economic benefit and environmental situation, with an estimated economic benefit of about 70-17 million yuan. Overall, agricultural biomass feedstocks in Inner Mongolia hold significant potential for achieving the dual-carbon goals. Relevant departments should intensify their research and development efforts to promote green agriculture and realize sustainable development.
Low-carbon optimal scheduling of an integrated electricity, heat-and-gas energy system considering a biomass gas and carbon capture power plant
Authors: Gong Lei , Huang Xin , Xiao Maner 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In light of enhancing the extraction level of biomass energy and rectifying the efficiency of integrated energy system (IES) operations in the backdrop of the “ twin carbon” policy, we present an enhanced scheduling methodology for IES incorporating biomass gas and carbon absorption power plants, addressing the constraints of linear carbon trading. Initially, an organizational blueprint for the combined exploitation of biomass-laden gas, electricity-to-gas, and carbon absorption power plants is established. Secondly, we devise a ladder-like configuration of carbon trading mechanisms to counterbalance the inadequacies of standard persistent carbon trading schemes. Subsequently, this advanced form of carbon trading is incorporated into the IES framework and is optimized using the ultimate goal of minimizing system expenditures. Lastly, evaluations across diverse scenarios demonstrate that the proposed sequential carbon trading significantly enhances the economic viability of the system, and the accompanying simulation corroborates the validity of our proposed model.
Research on energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies for water-ground source heat pump units
Authors: Wen Xueying , Cai Shengchuan , Dou Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The heat pump industry’s energy consumption as a percentage of total energy consumption is constantly increasing. Research on energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies, and manufacturing high-efficiency units of heat pump with water-ground source has become the main trend of the current heat pump industry. With proposal of the national “dual-carbon” strategy goal, enhancing the energy efficiency of units of heat pump with water-ground source has become a key way to transform and upgrade the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. The aim of this study is to combine current studies on energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies for units of heat pump with water-ground source and applying these technologies. Through experimental tests, the energy efficiency of units of heat pump with water-ground source is more than 15% higher than that of ordinary units.
Narrow linewidth optical feedback vertical cavity surface emitting lasers based on cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fu Lishan , Wang Jisheng , Guan Baolu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a narrow linewidth vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). We investigated the impact of incorporating optical feedback into the external cavity on the linewidth of VCSELs, and successfully utilized CLC film as the reflector for the external cavity. This enabled us to achieve mode control and linewidth compression in VCSELs through optical feedback. The linewidth of the optically feedbacked VCSEL was measured at different driving currents and oxidation apertures. Under the same oxidation aperture, when the driving current is 1.2 mA, the linewidth is compressed from 120.9 MHz to 55.97 MHz; when the driving current is 0.8 mA, the linewidth is compressed from 22.87 MHz to 12.68 MHz. When the driving current remains constant, the linewidth is compressed from 169.31 MHz to 72 MHz when the oxidation aperture is 7 μm; and from 39.13 MHz to 10 MHz, when the oxidation aperture is 3 μm. By validating the feasibility of employing CLC film as an external cavity reflector mirror, our findings offer new insights towards achieving narrow-linewidth external cavity systems, thereby laying an experimental foundation for subsequent high-quality and highly integrated LC optical feedback VCSELs.
All-solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical performance obtained by hybridizing mxene with butterfly graphite
Authors: Luo Hao , Li Yong , Liu Wenjun , Qian Tu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
All-solid-state flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have the advantages of large energy storage capacity, small size, and good flexibility, which can be used as micro power sources. A 2D titanium carbide (MXene) has metallic conductivity, good hydrophility, and excellent processing properties, showing its great potential in flexible MSCs. However, the self-packing of MXene sheets hinders charge transfer and ion transport, limiting its electrochemical capacity. Herein, MSCs were prepared from a composite material of butterfly-like graphite (BTG) and MXene. BTG was inserted into the MXene layer to prevent its overs tacking, which promotes the diffusion of electrolytes and improves the electrochemical capacity of MSCs. As a result, MXene/BTG MSCs exhibit a large capacitance of 177.9 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1. In addition, the specific capacitance retention of MXene/BTG-30% MSCs can reach 80.4% in 0.1 -1 mA cm−2.
Multi-objective optimization of the configuration of Electric vehicle charging piles based on scenario analysis
Authors: Li Yanbin , Li Zhihua , Cao Defa , Wei Cunliang , Yu Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The optimization of electric vehicles (EVs) charging piles configurations is explored across varying demand levels, land prices, and unit time cost, with the aim of minimizing users’ waiting times and construction operation and maintenance costs. The analysis indicates that a significant reduction in user waiting times can be achieved through the increase of charging piles, with only a marginal rise in construction operation and maintenance cost, proving to be economically beneficial, especially in scenarios of high user time cost. After determining the minimum number of charging piles according to the charging demand, adding 1 to 4 charging piles based on it is the most direct and convenient method to determine the configuration of charging piles.