bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size matters: nest colonization patterns for twig‐nesting ants
Authors: Jiménez‐Soto Estelí , Philpott Stacy M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Understanding the drivers of ant diversity and co‐occurrence in agroecosystems is fundamental because ants participate in interactions that influence agroecosystem processes. Multiple local and regional factors influence ant community assembly.

We examined local factors that influence the structure of a twig‐nesting ant community in a coffee system in Mexico using an experimental approach. We investigated whether twig characteristics (nest entrance size and diversity of nest entrance sizes) and nest strata (canopy shade tree or coffee shrub) affected occupation, species richness, and community composition of twig‐nesting ants and whether frequency of occupation of ant species varied with particular nest entrance sizes or strata.

We conducted our study in a shaded coffee farm in Chiapas, Mexico, between March and June 2012. We studied ant nest colonization by placing artificial nests (bamboo twigs) on coffee shrubs and shade trees either in diverse or uniform treatments. We also examined whether differences in vegetation (no. of trees, canopy cover and coffee density) influenced nest colonization.

We found 33 ant species occupying 73% of nests placed. Nest colonization did not differ with nest strata or size. Mean species richness of colonizing ants was significantly higher in the diverse nest size entrance treatment, but did not differ with nest strata. Community composition differed between strata and also between the diverse and uniform size treatments on coffee shrubs, but not on shade trees. Some individual ant species were more frequently found in certain nest strata and in nests with certain entrance sizes.

Our results indicate that twig‐nesting ants are nest‐site limited, quickly occupy artificial nests of many sizes, and that trees or shrubs with twigs of a diversity of entrance sizes likely support higher ant species richness. Further, individual ant species more frequently occupy nests with different sized entrances promoting ant richness on individual coffee plants and trees.
Catalytic Oxidation of Alkanes and Alkenes by H2O2 with a μ‐Oxido Diiron(III) Complex as Catalyst/Catalyst Precursor
Authors: Das Biswanath , Al‐Hunaiti Afnan , Haukka Matti , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Steffen , Shteinman Albert A. , Meyer Franc , Repo Timo , Nordlander Ebbe 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new μ‐oxo diiron(III) complex of the lithium salt of the pyridine‐based unsymmetrical ligand 3‐[(3‐{[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methylbenzyl)(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]propanoate (LiDPCPMPP), [Fe2(μ‐O)(LiDPCPMPP)2](ClO4)2, has been synthesized and characterized. The ability of the complex to catalyze oxidation of several alkanes and alkenes has been investigated by using CH3COOH/H2O2 (1:1) as an oxidative system. Moderate activity in cyclohexane oxidation (TOF = 33 h–1) and good activity in cyclohexene oxidation (TOF = 72 h–1) were detected. Partial retention of configuration (RC = 53 %) in cis‐ and trans‐1,2‐dimethylcyclohexane oxidation, moderate 3°/2° selectivity (4.1) in adamantane oxidation, and the observation of a relatively high kinetic isotope effect for cyclohexane oxidation (KIE = 3.27) suggest partial metal‐based oxidation, probably in tandem with free‐radical oxidation. Low‐temperature UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometric studies in the rapid positive detection mode indicate the formation of a transient peroxido species, [Fe2(O)(O2)(LiDPCPMPP)2]2+, which might be an intermediate in the metal‐based component of the oxidation process.
Synthesis of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles and Polysubstituted Pyrazoles by a tBuOK‐Mediated Intramolecular Cycli­zation
Authors: Wen Jia‐Jie , Ding Cheng‐Ke , Ding Zong‐Cang , Li Ting , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA highly efficient tBuOK‐mediated synthesis of 3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles and other polysubstituted pyrazoles by intramolecular cyclization of N‐propargylhydrazones has been developed. This protocol provides an alternative route to 4‐substituted 3‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles with good regioselectivity and shows good functional‐group compatibility as well as high efficiency. Of note is the fact that the reactions on the gram scale also gave excellent yields.
Contrasting geomorphological storm response from two adjacent shorefaces
Authors: Backstrom Joni , Jackson Derek , Cooper Andrew , Loureiro Carlos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractShorefaces play a critical role in cross‐shore sediment transport between the beach and inner shelf, particularly during storm conditions. A comparison and examination of storm‐driven sedimentary changes on two adjacent shorefaces in Northern Ireland, located only 5 km apart, revealed significantly different geomorphological responses. The steeper shoreface at West Strand responded with extensive sediment deposition across almost the entire shoreface, in contrast with the more dissipative and quasi‐linear shoreface at Portstewart, which mostly showed nearshore bar changes. Results from the two sites, which have similar wave/wind characteristics and seabed sediments, suggest that: (i) cross‐shore morphology, (ii) immediately previous (antecedent) shoreface morphodynamic behaviour and (iii) the presence, or lack of, offshore sand appear to be the primary controls on storm‐driven sedimentary changes attributed to the high‐energy event. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noncontrast MR angiography (MRA) of infragenual arteries using flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD)‐prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) at 3.0 Tesla: Comparison with contrast‐enhanced MRA
Authors: Zhang Nan , Fan Zhaoyang , Luo Nan , Bi Xiaoming , Zhao Yike , An Jing , Liu Jiayi , Chen Zhong , Fan Zhanming , Li Debiao 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD)‐prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography (MRA) for imaging infragenual arteries at 3.0T, with contrast enhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) as reference.MethodsTwenty consecutive patients with suspicion of lower extremity arterial disease undergoing routine CE MRA were recruited. FSD MRA was performed at calf before CE MRA. Image quality and stenosis degree of infragenual arteries from both techniques were independently evaluated and compared. Six patients in this study underwent DSA examination.ResultsThree undiagnostic segments were excluded with severe venous contamination in CE MRA. A total of 197 calf arterial segments images were analyzed. No significant difference existed in the relative signal intensity (rSI) of arterial segments between FSD MRA and CE MRA techniques (0.92 ± 0.09 versus 0.93 ± 0.05; P = 0.207). However, the subjective image quality score was slightly higher in FSD MRA (3.66 ± 0.81 versus 3.49 ± 0.87; P = 0.050). With CE MRA images as reference standard, slight overestimation existed in FSD MRA (2.19 ± 1.24 versus 2.09 ± 1.18; P = 0.019), with total agreement of 84.3% on the basis of all arterial segments. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of FSD MRA was 96.4%, 93.0%, 98.5%, and 84.1%. No significant difference in the stenosis degree score was detected between MRA (FSD MRA and CE MRA) and DSA (P > 0.05).ConclusionFSD MRA performed on at 3.0T without the use of contrast medium provides diagnostic images allowing for arterial stenosis assessment of calf arteries that was highly comparable with CE MRA. Moreover, venous contamination was less problematic with FSD MRA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:364–372.
Expression analysis of genes involved in collagen cross‐linking and its regulation in traumatic anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Belangero Paulo Santoro , Leal Mariana Ferreira , Cohen Carina , Figueiredo Eduardo Antônio , Smith Marília Cardoso , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , de Castro Pochini Alberto , Ejnisman Benno , Cohen Moises 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe molecular alterations involved in the capsule deformation presented in shoulder instability patients are poorly understood. Increased TGFβ1 acts as a signal for production of matrix macromolecules by fibrogenic cells at joint injury sites. TGFβ1, through its receptor TGFβR1, regulates genes involved in collagen cross‐linking, such as LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2. We evaluated TGFβ1, TGFβR1, LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2 gene expression in the antero‐inferior (macroscopically injured region), antero‐superior and posterior regions of the glenohumeral capsule of 29 shoulder instability patients and eight controls. We observed that PLOD2 expression was increased in the anterior‐inferior capsule region of the patients compared to controls. LOX expression tended to be increased in the posterior portion of patients. Patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation presented upregulation of TGFβR1 in the antero‐inferior capsule portion and of PLOD2 in the posterior region. Conversely, LOX was increased in the posterior portion of the capsule of patients with a single shoulder dislocation episode. In the antero‐inferior, LOX expression was inversely correlated and TGFβR1 was directly correlated with the duration of symptoms. In the posterior region, PLOD2, TGFβ1, and TGFβR1 were directly correlated with the duration of symptoms. In conclusion, PLOD2 expression was increased in the macroscopically injured region of the capsule of patients. Upregulation of TGFβ1, TGFβR1, and PLOD2 seems to be related with the maintenance of disease symptoms, especially in the posterior region. LOX upregulation seems to occur only in the initial phase of the affection. Therefore, TGFβ1, TGFβR1, LOX, and PLOD2 may play a role in shoulder instability. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:510–517, 2016.
The influence of post‐mortem conditioning on the tenderness of Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) breast meat (M. pectoralis major)
Authors: Geldenhuys Greta , Muller Nina , Hoffman Louwrens C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDEgyptian goose breast meat has been found to be very tough compared to the meat of other well‐known fowl species. In attempting to clarify the toughness of the meat, the physical and biochemical changes during post‐mortem conditioning (14 days) was investigated.RESULTSAlthough there was increased cathepsin (B, B & L and H) activity, together with a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in myofibrillar fragmentation lengths (32–25 µm) with conditioning, no change (decline) in shear force values was observed. The higher (P ≤ 0.05) shear force of the male breast portions may be linked to the higher (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of total and insoluble collagen.CONCLUSIONSNo significant change (decline) in shear force values was observed. Conditioning of Egyptian goose meat as a means of improving the overall toughness cannot therefore not be proposed. The higher shear force and lower sensory tenderness of the male breast portions, as previously observed, may be linked to higher concentrations of total and insoluble collagen. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The equations of moist advection: a unilateral problem
Authors: Temam Roger , Tribbia Joseph 
Published: July 2015

In an earlier article, the authors discussed the uniqueness of solutions for moist advection problems. This article dealt with a simplified case in which the saturation specific humidity qs—which is a slightly varying function of temperature—was assumed to be constant. In trying to extend the results of Temam and Tribbia to the case where qs is not constant, it appeared that the equations of moist advection in this case were not coherent in the extreme cases where the atmosphere is totally dry or totally humid.The aim of this article is to describe this difficulty and propose a mathematically satisfying solution in the context of so‐called variational inequalities.
Cytostatic Effect of Repeated Exposure to Simvastatin: A Mechanism for Chronic Myotoxicity Revealed by the Use of Mesodermal Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Peric Delphine , Barragan Isabel , Giraud-Triboult Karine , Egesipe Anne-Laure , Meyniel-Schicklin Laurène , Cousin Christelle , Lotteau Vincent , Petit Vincent , Touhami Jawida , Battini Jean-Luc , Sitbon Marc , Pinset Christian , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus , Laustriat Delphine , Peschanski Marc 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Statin treatment of hypercholesterolemia can lead to chronic myotoxicity which is, in most cases, alleviated by drug withdrawal. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of this adverse effect have been elusive, in particular because of the lack of in vitro models suitable for long-term exposures. We have taken advantage of the properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesodermal precursors, that can be maintained unaltered in vitro for a long period of time, to develop a model of repeated exposures to simvastatin during more than 2 weeks. This approach unveiled major differences, both in functional and molecular terms, in response to single versus repeated-dose exposures to simvastatin. The main functional effect of the in vitro simvastatin-induced long-term toxicity was a loss of proliferative capacity in the absence of concomitant cell death, revealing that cytostatic effect could be a major contributor to statin-induced myotoxicity. Comparative analysis of molecular modifications induced by simvastatin short-term versus prolonged exposures demonstrated powerful adaptive cell responses, as illustrated by the dramatic decrease in the number of differentially expressed genes, distinct biological pathway enrichments, and distinct patterns of nutrient transporters expressed at the cell surface. This study underlines the potential of derivatives of human pluripotent stem cells for developing new approaches in toxicology, in particular for chronic toxicity testing. Stem Cells 2015;33:2936–2948
Butterfly diversity along the elevation gradient of Eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Acharya Bhoj Kumar , Vijayan Lalitha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe species richness pattern along spatial scales (latitudinal or elevational) forms useful tools in understanding diversity gradients and their underlying mechanisms. Understanding elevational diversity patterns of biodiversity have strong conservation implications. Himalayas are unique systems in exploring such gradients as they harbor tallest mountains in the world. Here, we explored the elevational pattern, its underlying causes, turn over rate and range size distribution of butterflies in Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, India. We followed fixed width point count method for sampling butterflies covering 1014 points spread over 23 transects along the elevation gradient (300–4700 m) in Sikkim. Data on environmental factors and habitat parameters were obtained from our published literatures of the same study system. During this study we observed a total of 2749 butterflies representing 161 species and six families. Species richness pattern of butterflies followed declining trend along the elevation gradient with a hump at around 1000 m. Various environmental factors and habitat variables correlated strongly with the species richness and abundance of butterflies. Among the set of factors, mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration remained the most important determinants reflecting the importance of energy and productivity for butterfly distribution in the Eastern Himalayan elevation gradient. Butterflies showed high turnover along the gradient. Elevational range profile of butterflies showed that around 38.5 % species restricted below 2000 m elevation. We observed that low elevation areas are important for conservation of butterflies in the Eastern Himalaya although entire elevation gradient is crucial for small range‐sized species.
Macular auto-fluorescence is a follow-up parameter for cystoids macular edema
Authors: Zhang XinYuan , Gong XiaoHong , Wang YanHong , Wang NingLi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate if macular autofluorescence (MAF) is a valuable, non-invasive follow-up parameter for cystoid macular edema. A total of 71 eyes (71 cases) with cystoid macular edema (CME) were included in the study. Macular pigment (MP) was evaluated using HRA2 (infrared) IF and FA models. The density of MP was graded into three categories: without, partial, and normal amount of MP. A comparison was made between the baseline (before the first administration) level and at the fourth month, following three consecutive intravitreal lucentis injections every month. The morphology and distribution of MAF, and the density and distribution of MP were regarded as the main outcome measures. At the baseline visit, all eyes with CME had petaloid/irregular-shaped MAF in the macular area (100%). No MAF was detected in the control eyes (0). There was significant difference in MAF between the CME and normal groups (P=0.000). At the fourth monthly visit, normal levels of MP density without MAF was detected in 68 eyes (95.8%) with the best corrected spectacular visual acuity increasing to at least 1 line accordingly. We conclude that macular MAF can be used as a follow-up parameter for patients with CME. MP and MAF can indirectly reflect the fovea cone function.
Introduction to special issue: Overview of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Weiner Michael W. , Veitch Dallas P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), designed as a naturalistic longitudinal study to develop and validate magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic biomarkers for use in AD clinical trials, has made many impacts in the decade since its inception. The initial 5‐year study, ADNI‐1, enrolled cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects, and the subsequent studies (ADNI‐GO and ADNI‐2) added early‐ and late‐MCI cohorts. The development of standardized methods allowed comparison of data gathered across multiple sites, and these data are available to qualified researchers without embargo. ADNI data have been used in >600 publications including those describing relationships between biomarkers, improved methods for disease diagnosis and the prediction of future decline, and identifying novel genetic AD risk loci. ADNI has provided a framework for similar initiatives worldwide.
Brain collection, standardized neuropathologic assessment, and comorbidity in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 participants
Authors: Franklin Erin E. , Perrin Richard J. , Vincent Benjamin , Baxter Michael , Morris John C. , Cairns Nigel J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Neuropathology Core (ADNI‐NPC) facilitates brain donation, ensures standardized neuropathologic assessments, and maintains a tissue resource for research.MethodsThe ADNI‐NPC coordinates with performance sites to promote autopsy consent, facilitate tissue collection and autopsy administration, and arrange sample delivery to the NPC, for assessment using National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association neuropathologic diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe ADNI‐NPC has obtained 45 participant specimens, and neuropathologic assessments have been completed in 36 to date. Challenges in obtaining consent at some sites have limited the voluntary autopsy rate to 58%. Among assessed cases, clinical diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer disease (AD) is 97%; however, 58% of cases show neuropathologic comorbidities.DiscussionChallenges facing autopsy consent and coordination are largely resource related. The neuropathologic assessments indicate that ADNI's clinical diagnostic accuracy for AD is high; however, many AD cases have comorbidities that may impact the clinical presentation, course, and imaging and biomarker results. These neuropathologic data permit multimodal and genetic studies of these comorbidities to improve diagnosis and provide etiologic insights.
The Public Sphere in Emerging Infectious Disease Communication: Recipient or Active and Vocal Partner?
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Shir-Raz Yaffa , Walter Nathan , Mordini Emilio , Dimitriou Dimitris , James James J. , Green Manfred S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveRecent years have seen advances in theories and models of risk and crisis communication, with a focus on emerging epidemic infection. Nevertheless, information flow remains unilateral in many countries and does not take into account the public’s polyvocality and the fact that its opinions and knowledge often “compete” with those of health authorities. This article addresses the challenges organizations face in communicating with the public sphere.MethodsOur theoretical approach is conceptualized through a framework that focuses on the public sphere and that builds upon existing guidelines and studies in the context of health and pandemics. We examine how health organizations cope with the public’s transformation from recipients to an active and vocal entity, ie, how and to what extent health organizations address the public’s anxiety and concerns arising in the social media during outbreaks.ResultsAlthough international organizations have aspired to relate to the public as a partner, this article identifies notable gaps.ConclusionsOrganizations must involve the public throughout the crisis and conduct dialogues free of prejudices, paternalism, and preconceptions. Thereby, they can impart precise and updated information reflecting uncertainty and considering cultural differences to build trust and facilitate cooperation with the public sphere. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:447–458)
Rumor-Related and Exclusive Behavior Coverage in Internet News Reports Following the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Outbreak in Japan
Authors: Shigemura Jun , Harada Nahoko , Tanichi Masaaki , Nagamine Masanori , Shimizu Kunio , Katsuda Yoshiaki , Tokuno Shinichi , Tsumatori Gentaro , Yoshino Aihide 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to elucidate news article reporting of adverse public psychosocial behaviors, in particular, rumor-related coverage (eg, panic, demagoguery) and exclusive behavior coverage (negative behaviors, eg, discrimination, bullying) during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) influenza pandemic in Japan.MethodsWe examined 154 Internet news-site articles reporting adverse public psychosocial responses in the first 60 days of the outbreak. Rumor-related coverage and exclusive behavior coverage were dichotomously coded as included or not. Moreover, we assessed whether or not health information (eg, coping methods, virus toxicity information) or emphasis on information quality (eg, importance of information, cautions about overreactions) were simultaneously reported.ResultsRumor-related coverage (n=120, 77.9%) was less likely to simultaneously report public health information (eg, toxicity information, health support information, and cautions about overreactions; P<.05). Conversely, exclusive behavior coverage (n=41, 26.6%) was more likely to report public health information (P<.05).ConclusionsRumor-related coverage was less likely to have accompanying public health information, whereas exclusive behavior coverage was more likely to include it. During public health crises, it is essential to understand that rumors and exclusive behaviors have adverse effects on the public and that accompanying public health information may help people take proactive coping actions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:459–463)