bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12. Interpreting as dialogic mediation
Authors: Baraldi Claudio 
Published: March 2014

Interpreters’ reflexive coordination may promote different forms of mediation. Dialogic mediation, in particular, achieves promotion of active participation, displays sensitivity for the interlocutors’ interests and/or needs, and treats alternative perspectives as reciprocal enrichment. Drawing on a set of healthcare interactions involving Arabic-speaking patients in Italian services, this chapter discusses interpreting actions of mediators included in sequences of dialogic mediation, in particular: (1) promotional questions, which encourage the production of personal narratives and narratives of illness on the part of patients; (2) multi-part expansions, where patients’ stories are co-authored with mediators; (3) renditions as formulations, which focus on patients’ problems, emotions and cultural background and involve healthcare providers in the interactional narrative. Dialogic mediation can be considered a form of negentropic interpretation, in that it provides the opportunity to exercise and recognise personal agency and hybridise different cultural voices.
Las antologías sobre la traducción en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Sabio Pinilla José Antonio 
Published: March 2014

The objective of the present paper is to critically review the role played in Translation Studies by fourteen anthologies of texts on translation theory, published in the Iberian Peninsula between 1987 and 2009. After presenting the works themselves, I will try to answer the following questions: What types of anthologies have been produced? Which underlying historiographic positions are revealed as a function of the choice and presentation of the texts? Which canons of translation theory do the anthologies represent (which texts are repeated and, therefore, considered classics)? Do any obvious rivalries exist between different cultural systems (Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Portuguese)? What did the compilers intend to achieve by rewriting the texts in their anthologies? And finally, what role do these anthologies really play in Translation Studies today?
Is Translation Studies going Anglo-Saxon?
Authors: Snell-Hornby Mary 
Published: March 2014

The paper focusses on the dominant role of English in the academic discourse of Translation Studies and the effects this has on communication within the scientific community: the danger is increasing that the language English is not only used as a means of communication (e.g. with publications and conferences exclusively in English), but actually forms part of the object of discussion, dealing with facets of languages contrasted to English, and using English examples, whereby non-native speakers are disadvantaged, other approaches are ignored, and “pseudo-English” discourse is increasingly tolerated. The paper discusses the subtle difficulties involved in English academic discourse and presents a number of possible solutions, concentrating on the concept of passive multilingualism and the introduction of “bridge languages” as a means of gaining access to languages other than English or the active working language of the individual scholar.
Register shifts in translations of popular fiction from English into Slovene
Authors: Zlatnar Moe Marija 
Published: March 2014

Major shifts in the register occur when works of popular fiction are translated into Slovene. This paper analyzes parts of seven novels of various subgenres, and finds a general shift towards an unmarked formal register and a neutral standard variety of the language. Formal or archaic texts (e.g. The Lord of the Rings) become less formal, colloquial-style texts (e.g. Bridget Jones’s Diary) become more so. Concomitantly, distinctions as to class and status, or past and present are blurred. Neutrality of style makes the texts appear less interesting or, at worst, “badly written” to the reader.
Reflections on the literal translation hypothesis
Authors: Chesterman Andrew 
Published: March 2014

This paper examines the well-known literal translation hypothesis and discusses its significance for translation theory. The hypothesis claims that as translators process a given text chunk, they tend to start from a literal version of the target text, and then work towards a freer version. The idea has been implied or explicitly studied by many scholars, and does not seem to have a single source.	After some preliminary conceptual analysis an optimal formulation of the hypothesis is proposed. The paper then assesses the hypothesis in terms of the kinds of wider significance any hypothesis can have. The criteria discussed are testability, relations with other hypotheses, applicability, surprise value and explanatory power. Some of Englund Dimitrova’s research (2005) on the hypothesis is discussed. A rather different study by Nordman (2009) is argued to have implications for the broader contextualization of the hypothesis.
Compounding versus derivation
Authors: Ralli Angela 
Published: March 2014

This chapter examines the demarcation of compounds and derivative items. It is argued that the two types of constructions belong to word-formation, and intermingle in such a way that only the same grammatical domain could handle them properly. This domain is considered to be morphology, and claims and proposals are exemplified with data drawn from Standard Modern Greek and its dialects.The following issues are tackled:a.	The order of application of the two processes. It is shown that there are cases which advocate a non-linear order between the two.b.	The existence of a specific constraint, which demonstrates the close interaction of the two processes, since the structure of derivative items seems to be accessible to compounding and affected by its application.c.	A peculiar borderline case, according to which a free lexical item in Standard Modern Greek has acquired a fuzzy categorial status in one dialect, but has become a pure prefix into another. To this end, the chapter focuses on the crucial role of dialectal evidence.
The head in compounding
Authors: Scalise Sergio , Fábregas Antonio 
Published: March 2014

This chapter deals with the notion of head inside compounds. We will first focus on the unproblematic cases which have led researchers to determine that compounds contain a head (Section 1). Then we will analyse more problematic cases, showing that some of the properties of heads (such as their position inside the word) are not completely understood (Section 2). Problematic cases of exocentricity or multiple headedness inside compounds will be considered in Section 3, while Section 4 briefly explores the possibility that compounds contain more than one head. The main conclusion of this paper is that there are empirical grounds to propose the existence of heads inside compounds, but the determination of their properties and the identification of the units that play this role for a given feature require detailed language-particular and typological research yet to be done, although some generalizations can already be made.
The typology of exocentric compounding
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: March 2014

On the basis of a survey of types of exocentric compound found in a large number of languages, a small set of basic types is established. Even one of these is considered marginal. These basic types are described and exemplified, with problems of nomenclature and description being discussed. The marginality of exocentricity is discussed. The potential for other, rarer, types is considered.
Sign languages and compounding
Authors: Meir Irit , Aronoff Mark , Sandler Wendy , Padden Carol A. 
Published: March 2014

Compounding is one of the few sequential word formation processes found across sign languages. We explore familiar properties of compounds in established sign languages like American Sign Language, as well as a modality-specific type of simultaneous compounding, in which each hand contributes a separate morpheme. Sign languages also offer the opportunity to observe the way in which compounds first arise in a language, since as a group they are quite young, and some sign languages have emerged very recently. Our study of compounds in a language that came into being only about 75 years ago (Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language) provides insight into the way in which compounds arise and acquire structure. We find in our data a relationship between conventionalization and grammaticalization of compounds: as particular forms become conventionalized in the community, both morphological and phonological structures begin to emerge.
Stress domain effects in French phonology and phonological development
Authors: Rose Yvan , dos Santos Christophe 
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we discuss two distinct data sets. The first comes from the allophonic process of closed-syllable laxing in Québec French, which targets final (stressed) vowels even though these vowels should in theory be syllabified in open syllables in lexical representations (e.g. lune [Öly.n(6)]; *[Öly.n(6)]). The second is found in the forms produced by a first language learner of European French, who displays an asymmetry in her production of CVC versus CVCV target (adult) forms. The former displays full preservation (with concomitant manner harmony) of both consonants (e.g. passe --> [Öpat]). The latter undergoes deletion of the initial syllable if the consonants are not manner-harmonic in the input (e.g. appétit --> [piÖti] versus tennis --> [Öni]). We argue that both patterns can be explained in an approach that draws a formal distinction between phonological representation and phonetic implementation.
Experimenting with wh-movement in Spanish
Authors: Goodall Grant 
Published: March 2014

This paper provides evidence for an analysis of subject inversion in wh-questions in Spanish and demonstrates that techniques of experimental syntax play an important role in developing such analyses. The techniques used show that there is gradience in judgments of wh-questions depending on the nature of the filler and of the intervening subject. The facts fall out from the interplay of straightforward properties of the syntax (e.g. wh-movement, preverbal or postverbal placement of the subject) with straightforward properties of the processor (a common pool of limited resources to process wh-dependencies and establish discourse referents). The analysis predicts a correlation between the Overt Pronoun Rate in any given variety and the ability of a wh-dependency to tolerate an intervening subject, and the difference between Caribbean and mainland Latin American Spanish confirms this.
Indefinite terms in Ibero-Asian Creoles
Authors: Sippola Eeva 
Published: March 2014

This paper compares the indefinite terms in the Indian Creole Portuguese varieties of Diu and Korlai, Sri Lanka Creole Portuguese, Malacca Creole, Macau Creole and the Spanish-lexified creole languages in the Philippines, referred to as Chabacano of Cavite, Ternate and Zamboanga. The study uses functional criteria for the definition of indefinite terms that include not only pronouns, but also analytic constructions. The comparison builds on three functional categories: realis indefinites, free-choice indefinites and negative indefinites, and the main formal categories of special indefinites, generic-noun-based and interrogative-based indefinites. The comparison shows that both adstrate and superstrate structures have influenced the indefinite terms in these languages. It also reveals parallels between them, especially in areal subgroups, and shows a clear connection with wider cross-linguistic patterns.
What it means to be a Bosnian woman
Authors: Majstorović Danijela , Mandic Maja 
Published: March 2014

Presuming discourse to be both socially determined and socially determinative when
it comes to attitudes, opinions and perceptions about the world, we wanted to explore to
what extent the ways in which women in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) speak about
themselves are determined by the patriarchal Balkan tradition, post-WWII modernity,
and/or the current postwar and transitional context.	This paper is based on a
small sample of a large discourse and body of gender research in BiH including six different focus groups of women assembled on the basis of social class. In order to provide some indications and guidance for the entire project, this pilot study was meant to isolate relevant discursive elements of the speech of women belonging to two different classes: the working class (boutique workers) and the professional class (doctors, lawyers, journalists), some with children and some without. In the analysis, we critically examined the obtained transcripts by looking into recurrent argumentative and rhetoric strategies, topoi and lexical and syntactic structures.	Most specifically, we wanted to find out why feminism appeared to be unpopular among Bosnian women and how a successful woman was constructed with respect to patriarchal and non-patriarchal social values. We did this by looking at what discursive elements the relations of patriarchy (status quo) rested upon and what emancipatory potentials (resistance) were used to challenge it.
Representation of desire and femininity
Authors: Sato Toyoko 
Published: March 2014

This paper proceeds as a case discourse analysis of a singularly important 1988 advertising campaign, “Hoshii mono ga hoshii wa” (I want what I want) for the Seibu Department Stores, an energetic driving force of Japan’s taste culture. Although the campaign is more than 20 years old, it remains one of the most inspiring advertising campaigns in Japanese history. The case provides an opportunity to study how the concepts of desire and femininity are salient signifiers in late-modern Japan as one kind of representation in paternalistic socio-economic systems.	This paper focuses on both the textual sphere of the campaign and the socio-historical/cultural background of the Japanese consumer society in relation to the semiotic and the social. Thus, critical discourse analysis is the chosen methodology. Judith Butler’s (1993) construct of performativity including the concepts of iteration and foreclosure provides the conceptual ground. In my analytical process, I articulate those iterations and foreclosures in the advertisement. For Butler, desire is the desire for recognition and it is connected to the subject’s capacity for self-knowledge. Construing the advertisement as the desire for recognition attempts to show how gender can be perceived as a “doing” and how commercial advertisements can be a site of reflection for women living in a late-modern consumer society.
Constructing masculine work identity through narrative
Authors: Advani Stella 
Published: March 2014

This study extends the literature on gender, language, and the professions by examining the language practices of two participants from the communities of practice (Eckert & McConnell-Ginet 1992; Lave & Wenger 1991) of physicians in emergency medicine departments in the French-speaking province of Quebec, where the percentage of women who are becoming medical doctors is the highest it has ever been – higher than in other Canadian provinces, higher than the national average, and still growing (Kondro 2007). I argue that the growing number of women in this male dominated profession strongly depends on their success in adapting themselves and their lifestyles to an institutional structure that accommodates men and the lifestyles of men.	The following study analyzes transcript data from two interviews with a male and a female physician. The research questions being pursued in the analysis are the following: How do these physicians discursively construct and negotiate their professional identity(ies)? What roles do gender and status play in their negotiation of these identities? The findings show that participants’ use of positioning (Davies & Harré 1990; Eckert & McConnell-Ginet 2003) and narrative contribute to the construction of this community of practice as relatively masculine and may point to one of the reasons women continue to be underrepresented in this profession.
Chapter 1. Genres in political discourse
Authors: Gruber Helmut 
Published: March 2014

The first part of this chapter provides an overview of the current state of genre theory in various fields of linguistics and discourse analysis. Based on this overview, a set of common features of genre definitions is presented that provides the theoretical basis for the empirical investigation. In the empirical part, the inaugural speeches of three Austrian chancellors (representing the two big Austrian political parties) during the last ten years are analyzed. After a short discussion of relevant contextual features (production process, audience design), lexical characteristics, generic and topical structures, and the co-articulation of topics are analyzed. Results show that, although delivered by politicians from two different political backgrounds, the speeches share many features in terms of lexis and generic structure. Differences become manifest at the topic structure and the co-articulation of topics. In conclusion, it is argued that a politically sensitive genre analysis must not only focus on generic features of political texts but also investigate registers and discourses which are realized in these texts.
Chapter 5. Analyzing meetings in political and business contexts
Authors: Wodak Ruth 
Published: March 2014

This chapter compares various instances of everyday routine meetings in political institutions (such as the European Parliament and the European Commission) with meetings in business organizations, with the aim of, first describing similarities and differences in the genre (and subgenres) of meetings across organizations and social fields; and of secondly investigating the impact of organizational knowledge of the genre on presuppositions and context models of the participants related to the interaction and intended outcome of the meetings.	I argue that the concept of a “prototype genre of meeting” is adequate for an integrated, interdisciplinary discourse-analytical and sociolinguistic theoretical framework which allows understanding and explaining the intricate dynamic of meetings in a systematic, in-depth, and context-dependent way. Moreover, I claim that organizational knowledge of the genre is part and parcel of successful interaction strategies; and that much miscommunication and problems could be avoided if manifest and latent genre conventions were sufficiently acknowledged.	Drawing on transcribed data of 36 meetings in the European Parliament and European Commission, on the one hand, and of 6 meetings (2 away days, 4 regular) in one large business organization, on the other hand, I illustrate the salience of the genre characteristics in the interaction and its intended, expected, and actual outcome.
The aspectual properties of nominalization structures
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis 
Published: March 2014

In this paper I will primarily discuss the aspectual properties of Greek verb
derived nominalizations and address the question of how these interact with
morphological marking introducing class and number. Greek nominalizations
will be compared to Romanian ones, which have been argued to show clear
aspectual distinctions. I argue that Greek derived nominals taking the affix
-m- are instances of nominalizations that block culmination and hence are
always atelic and for this reason resist pluralization. A distinction will also be
made between two types of plurality: one introducing tokenization, available
for count nouns and one expletive available only with mass nouns. The latter
type is not available in the nominalization, as it is a very low marker of plurality, introduced at the level of the basic predicate.
Another passive that isn’t one
Authors: Gese Helga 
Published: March 2014

This article adresses the semantics of the so-called haben-passive, i.e. the stative reading of sentences like Er hat den Arm verbunden (‘He has his arm bandaged’). In line with recent research on haben-passives (Rothstein 2007; Businger this volume), I assume that these involve adjectivization of the participle. I will argue that participles in haben-passives share two main semantic properties with participles in German adjectival passives (sein-passives):	(i)	the semantic underspecification of the property denoted by the participle	(ii)	the generic interpretation of the event introduced by the verbal baseI propose an adjectival zero-affix that accounts for these semantic properties. The conclusion will be that adjectivization of the participle, in adjectival sein-passives as well as in haben-passives, has a specific semantic impact: it serves to create a property – the property of belonging to a contextually mediated ad hoc category based on the verbal event kind.
Chapter 3. Early bootstrapping of syntactic acquisition
Authors: Christophe Anne , Millotte Séverine , Brusini Perrine , Cauvet Elodie 
Published: March 2014

Infants acquiring language have to learn about the lexicon, the phonology, and the syntax of their native language, among others. For each of these domains, being able to rely on knowledge from the other domains would simplify the learner’s task. For instance, having access to words and their meaning should help infants to learn about syntax, but learning about the meaning of words would be greatly facilitated if infants had access to some aspects of syntactic structure (Gleitman 1990).	This chapter focuses on how phrasal prosody and function words may interact during early acquisition. Experimental results show that infants have access to intermediate prosodic phrases (phonological phrases) during the first year of life, and use these to constrain lexical segmentation. In addition, by two years of age they can exploit function words to infer the syntactic category of unknown content words (nouns vs verbs) and guess their plausible meaning (object vs action). We speculate on how infants may build a partial syntactic structure, the ‘syntactic skeleton’, by relying on both phonological phrase boundaries and function words, and present adult results strengthening the plausibility of this hypothesis.
Chapter 8. On the importance of goals in child language
Authors: Pléh Csaba 
Published: March 2014

Modern psycholinguistic studies started to use experimental and child language observational data concerning the language of space to obtain evidence for the primacy issue: who leads in the articulation of spatial language: language or spatial cognition? Following the model of Landau and Jackendoff, strong claims can be made about the universal distinctions languages make about space and their relationship to the organization of spatial cognition in the brain. However, there are important differences in this regard between languages. Hungarian data will be used to illustrate how a universal cognitive tendency – the primacy of goals – exist very early on in a language that requires distinctions along the path (e.g. in, into, from inside). These tendencies are shown both in normal and in developmentally impaired populations.	Our studies on Williams syndrome (in coll. with Á. Lukács) provide some clarifications regarding the language-cognition interface. This condition is characterized by severe limitations of spatial cognition, related to the underdevelopment of posterior parietal areas. In line with these neurocognitive limitations, spatial language in these subjects seems to be very limited as compared to their general level of grammatical morphology. However, detailed comparisons show no differences in the qualitative pattern of performance and errors in using spatial language. It seems that the limitations of computational space limit spatial language in this group, but at the same time the types of computations performed by this limited system are identical. A similar observation also indicates that, in using spatial suffixes to code interpersonal meanings such as to be angry at, spatial use is easier and earlier both in normal subjects and in impaired populations. All of these data support a rather universal and cognition-based view of the unfolding and organization of spatial language.