bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Porous Titania Prepared by Spray-drying of Titania Nanosheets
Authors: Sakao Mitsumasa , Kijima Norihito , Akimoto Junji , Okutani Takeshi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Porous titania was synthesized through the spray-drying of titania nanosheets. SEM-FIB analyses showed that the spray-dried nanosheets were spherical particles with no hollow center. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms showed that the porous titania had a mesoporous structure composed of slit-shaped pores. The porous titania acted as a rechargeable active material for the lithium battery. Rechargeable capacities of about 200 mA h g−1 (cutoff voltage: 1.0 V) and about 300 mA h g−1 (cutoff voltage: 0.5 V) could be achieved over the first ten cycles.
Selective Extraction of Heavy Rare-earth Metal Ions with a Novel Calix[4]arene-based Diphosphonic Acid
Authors: Morohashi Naoya , Hayashi Tomoko , Nakamura Yuka , Kobayashi Takahiro , Tanaka Shinya , Hattori Tetsutaro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The selective extraction of heavy rare-earth metal ions is achieved by using a novel calix[4]arenediphosphonic acid 4, in which two phosphono groups are introduced directly at the lower rim of the calix skeleton through the Ullmann-type phosphonation of the 1,3-bistriflate ester of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 3 as a key step.
Nonequilibrium Acidic Fluctuations in Room-temperature Ionic Liquid/Water Mixture: N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Aono Masami , Tomita Yukitaka , Abe Hiroshi , Yoshimura Yukihiro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)/water mixtures show acidic properties at around 90 mol % H2O. The RTIL is N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate. The pH of the mixture in the nonequilibrium state is sensitive to the quality of the water type: city water (CW), distilled water (DIS), or ultrapure water (UP). At 90 mol % [H2O]DIS, rhythmic oscillations of pH are observed. The time periodicity is found to be approximately 20 min. In contrast, 90 mol % [H2O]CW and [H2O]UP mixtures show no synchronization in the pH.
Guest-dependent Structural Transformation of Dehydrobenzoannulene Inclusion Crystals Composed of π-Stacked Parallelogram Columnar Motifs
Authors: Shigemitsu Hajime , Hisaki Ichiro , Kometani Eriko , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Octadehydrotribenzo[14]annulene (DBA) derivative 1 gave inclusion crystals with thirteen kinds of aromatic guest molecules. Heat-induced guest release of the inclusion crystals resulted in the formation of guest-free polymorphs, Forms I and III, which depended on the guest species.
Can MRI-derived factors predict the survival in glioblastoma patients treated with postoperative chemoradiation therapy?
Authors: Nakamura Hideo , Murakami Ryuji , Hirai Toshinori , Kitajima Mika , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2012

Background Advanced diagnostic and therapeutic developments may yield novel prognostic factors in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Purpose To validate the predictive values of pretreatment quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI performed within 72 h after surgery in patients with GBM. Material and Methods Between January 2000 and September 2009, 138 patients with GBM underwent postoperative chemoradiation therapy (chemo-RT) and longitudinal MRI before surgery, in the early postoperative period, and at 1-month intervals thereafter. The role of the patient age, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on pretreatment DW-MRI, and gross residual tumor on early postoperative MRI were assessed by factor analysis of overall survival (OS). Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method; the multivariate Cox's proportional hazards model was used to adjust for the influence of prognostic factors. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG-RPA) criteria were used to validate the predictive value of the MRI-derived factors. Results Substantial independent prognostic factors were the KPS score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.812), minimum ADC (HR, 2.365), and gross residual tumor (HR, 1.777). Based on MRI-derived factors, we assigned the patients to different prognostic groups in the RTOG-RPA classification and grouped them according to the level of risk, i.e. a high-risk group with low minimum ADCs (<0.93 × 10–3 mm2/s) with gross residual tumor and a low-risk group with high minimum ADCs (≥0.93 × 10–3 mm2/s) without gross residual tumor; the other patients were assigned to the intermediate-risk group. Median OS for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 28.2, 14.7, and 10.8 months, respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The minimum ADC on pretreatment DW-MRI and gross residual tumor on early postoperative MRI can predict the survival in GBM patients treated with postoperative chemo-RT.
Aetiology of acquired ‘drop foot’ deformity in Malawian children: a case series of 50 patients
Authors: Namate Chinsisi , Shabana Merai , Mumba Pilirani , Chimangeni Sande , Prime Matthew , Cashman John 
Published: November 2012

Summary The objective of our study was to investigate the clinical presentation of patients with acquired foot drop in Malawi; the association of intramuscular injections and quinine administration; and the association between private sector clinics. A consecutive case series of 50 paediatric patients with foot drop was identified that represented 5% of all outpatient appointments during the study period. Ninety percent of all patients had received a gluteal intramuscular injection of quinine, of which 58% were treated in private clinics. This study presents the first description of the aetiology of acquired foot drop in Malawi and suggests that gluteal intramuscular injection of quinine is the leading cause.
The Effect of Esthetic Crown Lengthening on Perceptions of a Patient's Attractiveness, Friendliness, Trustworthiness, Intelligence, and Self‐Confidence
Authors: Malkinson Sam , Waldrop Thomas C. , Gunsolley John C. , Lanning Sharon K. , Sabatini Robert 
Published: November 2012

Background: Smile esthetics have been shown to play a major role in the perception of whether a person is attractive, and whether they are perceived as friendly, trustworthy, intelligent, and self‐confident. A proposed major determinant of the esthetics of a smile is the amount of gingival display, which can be excessive in cases of altered passive eruption. The aim of this study is to see whether altering the amount of gingival display of patients would affect dental professionals’ and laypersons’ perceptions of the aforementioned social parameters.Methods: Patients were identified as having altered passive eruption and excessive gingival display. Smiling “control” photographs were taken and then digitally altered so as to lengthen the teeth and thus reduce the amount of gingival display. These became the “test” photographs. The control and test photographs were shown in random order. The control group of evaluators consisted of senior dental students, and the test group of evaluators comprised students who had no formal dental training. Groups were asked to rate, on a visual analog scale, each picture's attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self‐confidence.Results: The test pictures with less gingival display were consistently and statistically significantly rated higher for all five social parameters than were their control counterparts (P <0.0001). When analyzed as an isolated effect, there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and the test group of evaluators when rating the pictures. Pictures depicting African Americans were judged to be more trustworthy (P = 0.0467) and self‐confident (P = 0.0490) than pictures depicting white individuals. Pictures depicting women were judged to be more trustworthy (P = 0.0159) and intelligent (P = 0.0329) than pictures depicting men. All the social parameters were positively and statistically significantly correlated with each other (P <0.0001).Conclusions: Excessive gingival display did negatively affect how attractive a person's smile is judged to be. In addition, how friendly, trustworthy, intelligent, and self‐confident a person was perceived to be was inversely related to the amount of gingival display. Untrained laypeople were just as sensitive to these differences as senior dental students.
Retraction: A Field Experiment Comparing the Outcomes of Three Fraud Brainstorming Procedures: Nominal Group, Round Robin, and Open Discussion
Authors: Hunton James E. , Gold Anna 
Published: November 2012

This article was originally published in 2010 in The Accounting Review 85 (3) 911–935; DOI: 10/2308/accr.2010.85.3.911.
The authors confirmed a misstatement in the article and were unable to provide supporting information requested by the editor and publisher. Accordingly, the article has been retracted.
Association Between BMI Measured Within a Year After Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality
Authors: Logue Jennifer , Walker Jeremy J. , Leese Graham , Lindsay Robert , McKnight John , Morris Andrew , Philip Sam , Wild Sarah , Sattar Naveed ,   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To describe the association of BMI with mortality in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using records of 106,640 patients in Scotland, we investigated the association between BMI recorded around the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age and smoking status, with BMI 25 to &lt;30 kg/m2 as a referent group. Deaths within 2 years of BMI determination were excluded. Mean follow-up to death or the end of 2007 was 4.7 years.

RESULTS
A total of 9,631 deaths occurred between 2001 and 2007. Compared with the reference group, mortality risk was higher in patients with BMI 20 to &lt;25 kg/m2 (hazard ratio 1.22 [95% CI 1.13–1.32] in men, 1.32 [1.22–1.44] in women) and patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (for example, 1.70 [1.24–2.34] in men and 1.81 [1.46–2.24] in women for BMI 45 to &lt;50 kg/m2). Vascular mortality was higher for each 5-kg/m2 increase in BMI &gt;30 kg/m2 by 24% (15–35%) in men and 23% (14–32%) in women, but was lower below this threshold. The results were similar after further adjustment for HbA1c, year of diagnosis, lipids, blood pressure, and socioeconomic status.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients categorized as normal weight or obese with T2DM within a year of diagnosis of T2DM exhibit variably higher mortality outcomes compared with the overweight group, confirming a U-shaped association of BMI with mortality. Whether weight loss interventions reduce mortality in all T2DM patients requires study.
Altered Brain Microstructure Assessed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients With Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Andersen Lars Wiuff , Brock Christina , Simrén Magnus , Ljungberg Maria , Søfteland Eirik , Dimcevski Georg , Yavarian Yousef , Gregersen Hans , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
In patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), there is increasing evidence for abnormal processing of gastrointestinal sensations in the central nervous system. Using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, we characterized brain microstructure in areas involved in visceral sensory processing and correlated these findings to clinical parameters.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-six patients with DM and gastrointestinal symptoms and 23 healthy control subjects were studied in a 3T scanner. The apparent diffusion coefficient (i.e., diffusivity of water) and fractional anisotropy (FA) (i.e., organization of fibers) were assessed in the “sensory matrix” (cingulate cortex, insula, prefrontal and secondary sensory cortex, amygdala, and corona radiata) and in corpus callosum.

RESULTS
Patients had decreased FA values compared with control subjects in 1) all areas (P = 0.025); 2) anterior (P &lt; 0.001), mid- (P = 0.001), and posterior (P &lt; 0.001) cingulate cortex; 3) prefrontal cortex gray matter (P &lt; 0.001); 4) corona radiata (P &lt; 0.001); 5) secondary sensory cortex (P = 0.008); and 6) anterior white matter (P = 0.045), anterior gray matter (P = 0.002), and posterior gray matter (P = 0.002) insula. No difference was found in corpus callosum (P &gt; 0.05). The microstructural changes in some areas correlated with clinical parameters such as bloating (anterior insula), mental well-being (anterior insula, prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulated and corona radiata), autonomic function based on electrocardiographic results (posterior insula and anterior cingulate), and presence of gastroparesis (anterior insula).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this explorative study indicate that microstructural changes of brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing are associated with autonomic dysfunction and therefore may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal symptoms in DM patients.
Effect of Externally Cued Training on Dynamic Stability Control During the Sit-to-Stand Task in People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Bhatt Tanvi , Yang Feng , Mak Margaret K.Y. , Hui-Chan Christina W-Y. , Pai Yi-Chung 
Published: November 2012

Background
Previous studies have shown that people with Parkinson disease (PD) have difficulty performing the sit-to-stand task because of mobility and stability-related impairments. Despite its importance, literature on the quantification of dynamic stability control in people with PD during this task is limited.

Objective
The study objective was to examine differences in dynamic stability control between people with PD and people who were healthy and the extent to which externally cued training could improve such control during the sit-to-stand task in people with PD.

Design
This was a quasi-experimental controlled trial.

Methods
The performance of 21 people with PD was compared with that of 12 older adults who dwelled in the community. People with PD were randomly assigned to 2 groups: a group that did not receive training and a group that received audiovisually cued training (3 times per week for 4 weeks) for speeding up performance on the sit-to-stand task. Outcome measures recorded at baseline and after 4 weeks included center-of-mass position, center-of-mass velocity, and stability against either backward or forward balance loss (backward or forward stability) at seat-off and movement termination.

Results
Compared with people who were healthy, people with PD had greater backward stability resulting from a more anterior center-of-mass position at seat-off. This feature, combined with decreased forward stability at movement termination, increased their risk of forward balance loss at movement termination. After training, people with PD achieved greater backward stability through increased forward center-of-mass velocity at seat-off and reduced the likelihood of forward balance loss at movement termination through a posterior shift in the center-of-mass position.

Limitations
The study applied stability limits derived from adults who were healthy to people with PD, and the suggested impact on the risk of balance loss and falling is based on these theoretical stability limits.

Conclusions
For people with PD, postural stability against backward balance loss at task initiation was increased at the expense of possible forward balance loss at task termination. Task-specific training with preparatory audiovisual cues resulted in improved overall dynamic stability against both forward and backward balance loss.
Accuracy of Physical Therapists' Early Predictions of Upper-Limb Function in Hospital Stroke Units: The EPOS Study
Authors: Nijland Rinske H.M. , van Wegen Erwin E.H. , Harmeling-van der Wel Barbara C. , Kwakkel Gert ,   for the Early Prediction of Functional Outcome After Stroke (EPOS) Investigators
Published: November 2012

BackgroundEarly prediction of outcome after stroke is becoming increasingly important, as most patients are discharged from hospital stroke units within several days after stroke.ObjectivesThe primary purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the accuracy of physical therapists' predictions at hospital stroke units regarding upper-limb (UL) function, (2) to develop a computational prediction model (CPM), and (3) to compare the accuracy of physical therapists' and the CPM's predictions. Secondary objectives were to explore the impact of timing on the accuracy of the physical therapists' and CPM's predictions and to investigate the direction of the difference between predicted and observed outcomes. Finally, this study investigated whether the accuracy of physical therapists' predictions was affected by their experience in stroke rehabilitation.DesignA prospective cohort study was conducted.MethodsPhysical therapists made predictions at 2 time points—within 72 hours after stroke onset (T72h) and at discharge from the hospital stroke unit (Tdischarge)—about UL function after 6 months in 3 categories, derived from the Action Research Arm Test. At the same time, clinical variables were measured to derive a CPM. The accuracy of the physical therapists' and CPM's predictions was evaluated by calculating Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) between predicted and observed outcomes.ResultsOne hundred thirty-one patients and 20 physical therapists participated in the study. For the T72h assessment, the rs value between predicted and observed outcomes was .63 for the physical therapists' predictions and .75 for the CPM's predictions. For the Tdischarge assessment, the rs value for the physical therapists' predictions improved to .75, and the rs value for the CPM's predictions improved slightly to .76.LimitationsPhysical therapists administered a test battery every 3 days, which may have enhanced the accuracy of prediction.ConclusionsThe accuracy of the physical therapists' predictions at T72h was lower than that of the CPM's predictions. At Tdischarge, the physical therapists' and CPM's predictions are about equally accurate.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the scalp in a child
Authors: Rizk Tony , Awada Adnan , Sebaaly Amer , Hourani Roula 
Published: November 2012

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that arise most commonly in the pleura but have been increasingly reported in extrapleural sites. The authors report the case of an SFT of the scalp that manifested as an enlarging scalp mass in a 2-year-old boy. The mass was surgically excised. Histological examination showed it to be composed of fusiform cells of variable cellularity with a central hyalinization zone. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD34 and negative for smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, desmin, and h-caldesmon. On 1-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the mass. This case presented some diagnostic difficulty because of the wide range of possible diagnoses for a pediatric scalp mass; however, the distinct immunohistochemical profile helped to eliminate other more frequent fibrous tumors of the scalp.
The behavior of scalp SFTs is usually benign, but their course can be unpredictable, and recognition of these lesions is essential.
Iliac crest osteotomy to enhance exposure of the L4–5 interspace in minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody fusion: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Fontes Ricardo B. V. , Traynelis Vincent C. 
Published: November 2012

Object
Minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (LTIF) has emerged as a popular surgical technique in a remarkably short period of time. The authors' experience with this procedure and anecdotal evidence in the literature suggest that the iliac crest may occasionally prevent access to the L4–5 interspace during minimally invasive LTIF. The authors propose that removal of a minimal amount of ilium would allow for successful exposure of the L4–5 interspace in those cases with a “high-riding” iliac crest. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of iliac osteotomy to enhance exposure of the L4–5 interspace for minimally invasive LTIF.

Methods
Twenty L4–5 minimally invasive LTIF procedures were performed on 10 cadavers. The L4–5 minimally invasive LTIFs were successfully completed in 13 of 20 attempts. In the remaining 7 cases, the iliac crest prevented perfect orthogonal access to the L4–5 interspace. An iliac osteotomy was performed until the tubular retractors could be perfectly aligned with the L4–5 interspace and minimally invasive LTIF accomplished. Anteroposterior fluoroscopic images were obtained before and after the osteotomies. The angle between the working instrument and the superior L-5 endplate was measured, as were craniocaudal displacement and the resected iliac area.

Results
Iliac osteotomy enabled completion of L4–5 minimally invasive LTIF in the 7 remaining cases. Iliac resection was minimal; an average of 4.92 cm2 of iliac surface was resected (range 2.08–8.27 cm2) to enable L4–5 access. Adequate working angles were maintained (average 3.3° change after resection) while significant caudal displacement of the tubular system was achieved (average 15.7 mm, range 5.2–27.6 mm).

Conclusions
A significant portion of patients may have a high-riding iliac crest and that may have had an impact on minimally invasive LTIF in this series; L4–5 cases are rare in relation to midlumbar spine cases in most minimally invasive LTIF patient series. Significant caudal displacement of the tubular system was achieved with minimal iliac osteotomy, ensuring access to the L4–5 interspace in all specimens while maintaining the minimally invasive philosophy behind minimally invasive LTIF.