bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics can be more important than physiological limits for determining range shifts under climate change
Authors: Fordham Damien A. , Mellin Camille , Russell Bayden D. , Akçakaya Reşit H. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Aiello‐Lammens Matthew E. , Caley Julian M. , Connell Sean D. , Mayfield Stephen , Shepherd Scoresby A. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that species' responses to climate changes are best predicted by modelling the interaction of physiological limits, biotic processes and the effects of dispersal‐limitation. Using commercially harvested blacklip (Haliotis rubra) and greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) as case studies, we determine the relative importance of accounting for interactions among physiology, metapopulation dynamics and exploitation in predictions of range (geographical occupancy) and abundance (spatially explicit density) under various climate change scenarios. Traditional correlative ecological niche models (ENM) predict that climate change will benefit the commercial exploitation of abalone by promoting increased abundances without any reduction in range size. However, models that account simultaneously for demographic processes and physiological responses to climate‐related factors result in future (and present) estimates of area of occupancy (AOO) and abundance that differ from those generated byENMs alone. Range expansion and population growth are unlikely for blacklip abalone because of important interactions between climate‐dependent mortality and metapopulation processes; in contrast, greenlip abalone should increase in abundance despite a contraction inAOO. The strongly non‐linear relationship between abalone population size andAOOhas important ramifications for the use ofENMpredictions that rely on metrics describing change in habitat area as proxies for extinction risk. These results show that predicting species' responses to climate change often require physiological information to understand climatic range determinants, and a metapopulation model that can make full use of this data to more realistically account for processes such as local extirpation, demographic rescue, source‐sink dynamics and dispersal‐limitation.
Investigation of long‐term geochemical variations and magmatic processes at Mount St. Helens
Authors: Severs M. J. , Gryger K. J. , Makin S. A. , Bodnar R. J. , Bradford W. B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAbundant geochemical and petrological data are available for the 1980–1986 and 2004–2006 eruptive periods and some of the units of the most recent Spirit Lake stage at Mount St. Helens. However, with the exception of bulk rock data, few geochemical data are available for the earlier eruptive units, including the Ape Canyon, Cougar, and Swift Creek stages. Here, the early magmatic history of Mount St. Helens has been constrained based on chemical zonation of phenocrysts from the different eruptive units and compositions of melt inclusions determined by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS). Mount St. Helens has erupted adakitic composition magma over its entire 300 000 year history, beyond the most recent Spirit Lake stage as previously identified. The observed geochemical variations are consistent with fractional crystallization and do not require assimilation‐fractional crystallization to produce the observed trends. Similarly, large‐scale mixing of compositionally different magmas is not required. The source of the intermediate to felsic magmas at Mount St. Helens appears to be metamorphosed underplated arc gabbro and geochemical trends suggest that the contribution of underplated material to Mount St. Helens magma has decreased in the modern period.
Use of media technology to enhance the learning of student nurses in regards to auditory hallucinations
Authors: Mawson Kerry 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine if simulation aided by media technology contributes towards an increase in knowledge, empathy, and a change in attitudes in regards to auditory hallucinations for nursing students. A convenience sample of 60 second‐year undergraduate nursing students from an Australian university was invited to be part of the study. A pre–post‐test design was used, with data analysed using a paired samples t‐test to identify pre‐ and post‐changes on nursing students' scores on knowledge of auditory hallucinations. Nine of the 11 questions reported statistically‐significant results. The remaining two questions highlighted knowledge embedded within the curriculum, with therapeutic communication being the core work of mental health nursing. The implications for practice are that simulation aided by media technology increases the knowledge of students in regards to auditory hallucinations.
Motives for self‐harm: views of nurses in a secure unit
Authors: Sandy P.T. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSelf‐harm is a widespread behaviour among people with mental health problems. Although guidance on how to manage self‐harm is offered, it is still a behaviour that is misunderstood by many nurses. Such misunderstanding is generally attributed to the perceived motives for self‐harm and lack of specialized education to manage the behaviour. As a consequence, the care provided is usually inadequate and inappropriate. Yet, research concerning nurses' reasons of users' self‐harming behaviours is limited.AimThis paper reports on a study that explores nurses' explanations of the motives for self‐harm in a secure adolescent unit in England.MethodsThe study utilized a phenomenological methodology with semi‐structured individual interviews (n = 25). The data were analysed thematically using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate that the behaviour of self‐harm has multiple motives. Examples of these include affect regulation, coping with distress, averting death, regaining control and attention seeking.DiscussionSelf‐harm is a complex behaviour commonly experienced in secure environments. Nurses assume that users who self‐harm are motivated by a desire to seek attention and manipulate others. Users may find these beliefs humiliating. Such feelings may increase users' risks for further self‐harm. Most adolescents who self‐harm experience unbearable emotions because of their past sexual abusive encounters. They self‐harm to regulate these emotions. These affect regulatory functions may act as reinforcers of self‐harming behaviours.ConclusionsImproved understanding of self‐harm and its motives may result in improved nurse–user relationships and thus safer and more effective care provision.
Health promotion practice and its implementation in Swedish health care
Authors: Brobeck E. , Odencrants S. , Bergh H. , Hildingh C. 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionHealth promotion practice is an important work assignment within the entire health and medical care sector. Nurses are important for the development and implementation of health promotion in clinical practice.AimThe aim was to describe how district nurses view health promotion practice and how it was implemented in clinical practice following a training initiative.DesignThe study has a descriptive design and a qualitative method.MethodsThe sample consisted of three focus groups with 16 participants. The interviews were conducted as a conversation with focus on the district nurses view of health promotion and its implementation in clinical practice. The data have been processed using manifest qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree categories, titled Training as motivation, Lack of grounding and Lack of scope were identified. The result demonstrated that training provides motivation, but also the importance of grounding in the organization and the need for scope in performing health promotion practice.DiscussionOur results show that the training initiative has contributed positively to the district nurses' view of health promotion practice, but that they also feel that there are obstacles. The district nurses in our study suggest that health promotion practice should be more visible, and not something that is done when time permits.ConclusionThe district nurses feel motivated and have an enthusiasm for health promotion practice but more time and resources are required to design successful health‐promoting initiatives. Before implementing a major training initiative for healthcare personnel in health promotion, it is essential to examine whether the conditions for this exist in the organization.
Dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a qualitative systematic review and recommendations for future research
Authors: Chi Donald L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) are believed to be at low risk for dental caries, but this paradigm has not been critically evaluated.AimsTo conduct a qualitative systematic review of the international literature on dental caries prevalence in children and adolescents with CF and make recommendations on future CF‐related oral health research priorities.DesignThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to identify relevant studies published between 1960 and 2013.ResultsThe search resulted in 696 studies. Fifteen publications were included in the qualitative systematic review. Ten studies concluded that children with CF had significantly lower caries prevalence than control children, three studies reported that children with CF had higher caries prevalence, and two studies found no difference by CF status. Of the seven studies including age‐based subgroup analyses, only one study supported the current paradigm. All studies had limitations that may bias study results.ConclusionsWhile children with CF may be a lower risk for dental caries, adolescents with CF may not be at lower caries than those without CF. Additional research is needed to evaluate a potentially flawed paradigm regarding caries risk in children and adolescents with CF.
Penile strangulation and necrosis due to condom catheter
Authors: Özkan Heval S , İrkoren Saime , Sivrioğlu Nazan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCondom catheters are often used in the management of male urinary incontinence, and are considered to be safe. As condom catheters are placed on the male genitalia, sometimes adequate care is not taken after placement owing to poor medical care of debilitated patients and feelings of embarrassment and shame. Similarly, sometimes the correct size of penile sheath is not used. Strangulation of penis due to condom catheter is a rare condition; only few such cases have been reported in the literature. Proper application and routine care of condom catheters are important in preventing this devastating complication especially in a neurologically debilitated population. We present a case of penile necrosis due to condom catheter. We will also discuss proper catheter care and treatment of possible complications.
Productivity, Investment and Profits during the Great Recession: Evidence from UK Firms and Workers*
Authors: Crawford Claire , Jin Wenchao , Simpson Helen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe UK has recently experienced its deepest recession since the Second World War. One feature has been the resilience of employment, which fell far less than GDP. This led to a substantial fall in labour productivity and has given rise to a so‐called ‘productivity puzzle’. In this paper, we use firm‐ and individual‐level data to shed new light on these aggregate patterns and we examine changes in firm investment in physical capital and profitability. We provide evidence that labour productivity, investment and firm profitability all fell, on average, within firms over the course of the recession and that many of these adjustments were more pronounced in small firms. We also provide indicative evidence on the extent to which different firms might have engaged in labour ‘hoarding’. Our results provide new insight into the potential determinants of the productivity puzzle and also indicate the types of firms that might be expected to be able to respond more quickly to a subsequent increase in demand.
The relationship between the diagnosis method of neuronal dysfunction (DIMENSION) and brain pathology in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Asaina Fumiko , Taniguchi Miyako , Musha Toshimitsu , Urakami Katsuya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether the diagnosis method of neuronal dysfunction (DIMENSION), a new electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis method, reflected pathological changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a comparative study of cerebrospinal fluid markers and single‐photon emission computed tomography.MethodsSubjects cincluded 32 patients in the early stages of AD with a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥24 (14 men, 18 women; mean age, 77.3 ± 9.2 years). Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from AD patients, and cerebrospinal fluid levels of phosphorylated tau protein (p‐tau) 181 and amyloid β (Aβ) 42 were measured with sandwich ELISA. EEG recordings were performed for 5 min with the subjects awake in a resting state with their eyes closed. Then, the mean value of the EEG alpha dipolarity (Dα) and the standard deviation of the EEG alpha dipolarity (Dσ) were calculated with DIMENSION. Single‐photon emission computed tomography analyses were also performed for comparison with DIMENSION measures.ResultsPatients with parietal hypoperfusion had significantly increasing p‐tau181, decreasing Dα, and increasing Dσ. In addition, there was a negative correlation between Dα and p‐tau181, p‐tau181/Aβ42, and a positive correlation between Dσ and p‐tau181/Aβ42.ConclusionDα and Dσ were related to cerebral hypoperfusion and p‐tau181/Aβ42. DIMENSION was able to detect changes in the early‐stage Alzheimer's brain, suggesting that it is possibility as a useful examination for early‐stage AD with a difficult discrimination in clinical conditions. Moreover, EEG measurement is a quick and easy diagnostic test and is useful for repeated examinations.
Mirtazapine improves visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: a case report
Authors: Tagai Kenji , Nagata Tomoyuki , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Tsuno Norifumi , Ozone Motohiro , Nakayama Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPsychotic symptoms often occur as a complication in Parkinson's disease patients, and a set of criteria for Parkinson's disease with psychosis (PDPsy) has been established. Among these criteria, hallucinations are one of the specific symptoms, with visual hallucinations being the most common. While atypical antipsychotic agents are often used for the treatment of PDPsy, adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms, often hinder its continuation or tolerance. There have been some reports and reviews indicating that antidepressants may be effective for PDPsy and other forms of dementia with psychosis. In this report, we present a patient with PDPsy who was treated with one of the new‐generation antidepressants, mirtazapine. Mirtazapine improved the patient's refractory psychotic symptoms, especially her visual hallucinations, without worsening her motor symptoms.
Low‐Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Mg0.95Zn0.05)2(Ti0.8Sn0.2)O4–(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 Composite Ceramics
Authors: Yao Guoguang , Liu Peng , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: June 2013

0.9(Mg0.95Zn0.05)2(Ti0.8Sn0.2)O4–0.1(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (MZTS–CST) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid‐state route. The MZTS–CST ceramics sintered at 1325°C exhibited εr = 18.2, Q × f = 49 120 GHz (at 8.1 GHz), and τf = 15 ppm/°C. The effects of LiF–Fe2O3–V2O5 (LFV) addition on the sinterability, phase composition, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of MZTS–CST were investigated. Eutectic liquid phases 0.12CaF2/0.28MgF2/0.6LiF and MgV2O6 were developed, which lowered the sintering temperature of MZTS–CST ceramics from 1325°C to 950°C. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that MZTS and CST coexisted in the sintered ceramics. Secondary phase Ca5Mg4(VO4)6 as well as residual liquid phase affected the microwave dielectric properties of MZTS–CST composite ceramics. Typically, the MZTS–CST–5.3LFV composite ceramics sintered at 950°C showed excellent microwave dielectric properties: εr = 16.3, Q × f = 30 790 GHz (at 8.3 GHz), and τf = −10 ppm/°C.
Exploring 3‐D virtual reality technology for spatial ability and chemistry achievement
Authors: Merchant Z. , Goetz E.T. , Keeney‐Kennicutt W. , Cifuentes L. , Kwok O. , Davis T.J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated the potential of Second Life® (SL), a three‐dimensional (3‐D) virtual world, to enhance undergraduate students’ learning of a vital chemistry concept. A quasi‐experimental pre‐posttest control group design was used to conduct the study. A total of 387 participants completed three assignment activities either in SL or using two‐dimensional (2‐D) images. Students were administered an 11‐question chemistry achievement test and two measures of spatial ability (Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test, Card Rotations Test). Although analyses of covariance revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups as a whole for any of the outcome measures, a subgroup analyses was conducted to decompose the relative impact of 3‐D virtual reality instruction within SL. We found that students classified as having poor spatial ability showed significantly greater improvement in understanding the 3‐D nature of molecules if they did relevant activities in a 3‐D virtual world than those students who only worked with 2‐D images.
An alternative to language learner dependence on L2 caption‐reading input for comprehension of sitcoms in a multimedia learning environment
Authors: Li C.‐H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMost second/foreign language (L2) learners have difficulty understanding listening input because of its implicit and ephemeral nature, and they typically have better reading comprehension than listening comprehension skills. This study examines the effects of using an interactive advance‐organizer activity on the DVD video comprehension of L2 learners to provide an alternative to the scenario of L2 learners experiencing sensory overload in a multimedia learning environment that presents pictures, printed words and speech words. A total of 95 intermediate university‐level L2 learners with an average TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) score of 565 were placed in four conditions for an English‐language DVD viewing task, including an advance‐organizer group, a captions group, a captions plus advance‐organizer group, and a control group. The study concludes that using advance organizers as an instructional strategy facilitated participant listening comprehension and reduced participant dependence on L2 caption‐reading input by 50% for initial comprehension. Participants also held a positive attitude towards an interactive advance‐organizer activity. The details concerning the role of L2 captions in multimedia listening are also discussed. The findings provide insight into teaching listening to L2 learners who learn most of their L2 in a more reading‐dependent classroom setting and typically have enhanced L2 literacy skills.
A dynamic analysis of the interplay between asynchronous and synchronous communication in online learning: The impact of motivation
Authors: Giesbers B. , Rienties B. , Tempelaar D. , Gijselaers W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith the increased affordances of synchronous communication tools, more opportunities for online learning to resemble face‐to‐face settings have recently become available. However, synchronous communication does not afford as much time for reflection as asynchronous communication. Therefore, a combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication in e‐learning would seem desirable to optimally support learner engagement and the quality of student learning. It is still an open question though, how to best design online learning with a blend of synchronous and asynchronous communication opportunities over time. Few studies have investigated the relationship between learners' actual use of synchronous and asynchronous communication over time. Therefore, this study addressed that relationship in an online course (N = 110), taking into account student motivation, and employing a dynamic inter‐temporal perspective. In line with our assumptions, we found some support for the expected association between autonomous motivation and engagement in asynchronous and synchronous communication, be it restricted primarily to the first course period. Also, positive relations between engagement in synchronous and asynchronous communication were found, with the strongest influence from using asynchronous to synchronous communication. This study adds to the knowledge base needed to develop guidelines on how synchronous communication can be combined with asynchronous learning.
The Impact of Power Output During Percutaneous Catheter Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation on Efficacy and Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: YUYUN MATTHEW F. , STAFFORD PETER J. , SANDILANDS ALASTAIR J. , SAMANI NILESH J. , ANDRÉ NG G. 
Published: June 2013

The Impact of Power Output During Percutaneous Catheter Radiofrequency AblationIntroductionPercutaneous catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Success rates are, however, variable and optimal levels of power used and duration of power delivery have not been fully established. Different ablation centers continue to use various power protocols. We undertook a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the impact of power output during RFA for AF on efficacy and safety.Methods and resultsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for studies on power output during percutaneous RFA for AF. The marked heterogeneous nature of the studies prohibited a meta‐analysis. The main findings were (1) power output of ≤30 watts (W) has good safety profiles but low efficacy rates; (2) power output of >30 W–<45 W is safe with good efficacy; (3) power output of ≥ 45 W has a better efficacy profile but associated with a high risk of complications; (4) delivery of higher power of ≥ 45 W at shorter duration (15–20 seconds) is safe and efficacious; and (5) energy titration with visualization of microbubbles by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has better efficacy and safety profiles compared to RFA without ICE.ConclusionsDespite the overall reduced quality data relating power to outcomes of RFA for AF, the optimal power output showing good efficacy and safety profiles appears generically to be >30 W–<45 W, with significant variation in the literature.