bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength of Infants' Bimanual Reaching Patterns is Related to the Onset of Upright Locomotion
Authors: Atun‐Einy Osnat , Berger Sarah E. , Ducz Jennifer , Sher Anat 
Published: July 2013

Infants typically exhibit a shift from unimanual to bimanual reaching toward the end of their first year, which has been linked to walking onset. Until now, however, it has been unclear whether it was the onset of walking per se that influenced reaching patterns or whether a more general shift to an upright posture might have prompted the reorganization of the motor system. To address this question, the current study longitudinally chronicled the uni‐ and bimanual reaching preferences of 25 infants every 3 weeks starting at 7 months, prior to the onset of pulling‐to‐stand and through the onset of cruising. Experimenters recorded infants' reaching behavior via a semi‐structured reaching procedure and documented their motor development. There was no relationship between the shift from uni‐ to bimanual reaching and the onset of pulling‐to‐stand. However, the onset of cruising was related to a shift in reaching pattern preference, suggesting that the increase in infants' bimanual reaching was prompted by a reorganization of the motor system in which the arms are recruited for use in new ways to support locomotion. We also discuss individual differences in the trajectory of reaching activity in terms of the pitfalls of using age as an explanatory variable.
Reduction in the use of seclusion by the methodical work approach
Authors: Boumans Christien E. , Egger Jos I. M. , Souren Pierre M. , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPatient care in a psychiatric setting can benefit from a more systematic, transparent, and goal‐driven way of working. The methodical work approach, with its cyclic five phases, provides such an approach: (i) translation of problems into goals; (ii) search for means to realize the goals; (iii) formulation of an individualized plan; (iv) implementation of the plan; and (v) evaluation and readjustment. We examined the effect of the methodical work approach on the use of seclusion at a ward for the intensive treatment of inpatients with psychoses and substance‐use disorders. The team of this ward implemented the methodical work approach. Special attention was paid to the involvement of the patient and his/her family in the treatment process and to the role of the coordinating nurse. Compared to control wards within the same hospital, at the ward where the methodical work approach was implemented, a more pronounced reduction was achieved in the number of incidents and in the total hours of seclusion. Implementation of the methodical work approach can contribute to a reduction in the use of seclusion.
H9N2 influenza viruses from birds used in falconry
Authors: Wernery Ulrich , Shanmuganatham Karthik K. , Krylov Petr S. , Joseph Sunitha , Friedman Kimberly , Krauss Scott , Webster Robert G. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundH9N2 avian influenza viruses continue to spread in poultry and wild birds throughout Eurasia.ObjectivesTo characterize H9N2 influenza viruses from pheasants, quail, and white‐bellied bustards (WBBs) used to train falcons in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsFour H9N2 viruses were isolated from pheasants, quail, and WBB used for falconry in the UAE, and antigenic, molecular, phylogenetic analysis, and invivo characterization of H9N2 viruses were performed.Results and conclusionsThe pheasant and WBB isolates were antigenically and molecularly clearly related and along with the quail isolates contained multiple “avian–human” substitutions. The release of smuggled H9N2‐infected birds for falconry may contribute to the spread of these viruses to wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans.
Immunological and microbiological findings after the application of two periodontal surgical techniques: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kyriazis Thomas , Gkrizioti Sofia , Tsalikis Lazaros , Sakellari Dimitra , Deligianidis Aristeides , Konstantinidis Antonis 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo examine microbiological and immunological alterations following two periodontal surgical techniques, over a 6‐month period.Materials and methodsA total of 30 chronic periodontitis patients participated in the present randomized controlled clinical trial and were randomized in two groups. Modified Widman flap (MWF) was applied in the control group and apically positioned flap (APF), without intervention to the bone, in the experimental group. Gingival crevicular fluid samples and subgingival plaque samples from the operated sites were collected at baseline, 6th, 12th and 24th post‐operative week.ResultsNo major differences were noticed in immunological and microbiological profile of patients receiving either modified MWF or APF, for a period of 6 months.ConclusionsThe choice of the periodontal surgical procedure does not seem to affect the immunological and the microbiological profile of patients with chronic periodontitis.
Impact of the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Programme on patient and tumour characteristics at a single centre
Authors: Mackay Craig , Ramsay George , Rafferty Anthony , Loudon Malcolm 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsThe Scottish National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme aims to detect asymptomatic colorectal carcinomas and improve outcomes by identifying tumours at an earlier stage. We describe the characteristics of bowel cancers diagnosed through the screening programme since it was established in June 2007 by comparison with colorectal carcinomas from all other referral sources.MethodsAll patients with colorectal cancer discussed by our regional colorectal multidisciplinary team (MDT) from June 2007 to August 2011 were included. Patient and tumour characteristics were collated prospectively from MDT records. The database was then reviewed retrospectively.ResultsDuring the study 209 916 (58%) of 364 759 invitations to participate in screening were accepted yielding 3895 (1.9%) positive results. The 255 (17%) screening‐detected (SD) patients and 1232 (83%) other referrals (ORs) were discussed at the MDT within this period. Median age at diagnosis was 65.5 years for SD vs. 71.6 in OR (P < 0.001) with 64% vs. 53% male [SD vs. OR (P < 0.001)]. There were more left‐sided tumours in SD (P = 0.005). Tumours were less advanced in SD group (P = 0.02) and more likely to undergo a laparoscopic resection (P = 0.003). Thirty (11.7%) of SD patients were dead at last follow‐up compared with 458 (37.2%) of those from other sources (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis cohort from a centre with an established screening programme supports the effect of screening in detecting earlier stage. Those with screen‐detected tumours were more likely to survive than patients from the OR group.
The Effect of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) Treatments on Mechanical Properties of Plum (cv. President)
Authors: Altuntas Ebubekir , Ozturk Burhan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, the effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on the mechanical behaviour of plum fruits (cv. President) were determined. The mechanical behaviour of plum fruits was determined in terms of rupture force, deformation at rupture point, absorbed energy and hardness. AVG treatments were as 0, 100, and 200 mg/L, and three different harvest times including August 28, September 4, and September 11 were used. The highest rupture forces required when loading along the y‐axis were found as the AVG doses increased through the three harvesting times categories; whereas, the lower force was required to rupture plum fruits with high 200 mg/L AVG values being tested for x‐loading orientation. The deformation at rupture point values observed for plum fruits compressed along the y‐axis were higher than those of the other orientations except for AVG dose of 100 mg/L for second harvesting time. Whereas, the absorbed energy and hardness of plum fruits tested along the y‐axis in 0 mg/L and along the z‐axis in 200 mg/L AVG treatments were higher than those of the other orientations, respectively.Practical ApplicationsPlum has an important place in total fruit production of Turkey. Plum has a fast decay of within 1–8 weeks. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is an inhibitor of ethylene and it is a human and eco‐friendly organic product, it was used in apples, pears, peaches, plums and nectarines. AVG delays ripening and harvest of fruits, increases fruit firmness and prolongs shelf life. Plant growth regulators improve and protect of fruit quality. Growth regulatory substances have been evaluated among factors causing changes of the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of fruits. The mechanical properties of agricultural materials are to be known for design and improvement of relevant machines and facilities for harvesting, storing, handling and processing. Processing of plum fruits as juice and marmalade consist of a mechanical treatment of the plum (rupture force, deformation at rupture point, absorbed energy and hardness etc.), they are must eventually be analyzed with knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the plum.
Micro‐Ingredients Carry‐Over during Bucket Elevator Handling in Feed Industry: Influence of Process Parameters
Authors: Leloup M. , Putier F. , Solliec C. , Le Coq L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCurrently, carry‐over level of feed production lines can be accurately defined, but the causes are not identified yet because of a misunderstanding of this phenomenon. On‐site studies charged conveying equipment between mixer and pelleting press, and especially bucket elevator, to be responsible for carry‐over level increasing. A series of experiments has been carried out on a bucket elevator test bench in order to determine how process parameters influence carry‐over phenomenon. Product deposits on equipment walls represent, on average, 3.0% of the initial batch mass and contain about 0.2% of micro‐ingredient after one tracer batch passing and 0.1% after flushing batch passing. Experimental design results showed that parameters acting on micro‐ingredient deposited are different from those influencing collected product. Therefore, optimal position of tested process parameters will depend on the batch objective regarding its position in the production schedule.Practical ApplicationsThis work allows a new approach of understanding carry‐over phenomenon at pilot scale. Indeed, process parameters acting on micro‐ingredient deposits by a batch “n” have been differentiated from those acting on micro‐ingredient gathering by a batch “n + 1”. By this way, the results of this experimental study brought industrial solutions to control micro‐ingredient transfer, considering the batch position in the whole sequencing.
Dysregulation of leptin signaling in Alzheimer disease: evidence for neuronal leptin resistance
Authors: Bonda David J. , Stone Jeremy G. , Torres Sandy L. , Siedlak Sandra L. , Perry George , Kryscio Richard , Jicha Gregory , Casadesus Gemma , Smith Mark A. , Zhu Xiongwei , Lee Hyoung‐gon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLeptin signaling has received considerable attention in the Alzheimer disease (AD) field. Within the past decade, the peptide hormone has been demonstrated to attenuate tau hyperphosphorylation in neuronal cells and to be modulated by amyloid‐β. Moreover, a role in neuroprotection and neurogenesis within the hippocampus has been shown in animal models. To further characterize the association between leptin signaling and vulnerable regions in AD, we assessed the profile of leptin and the leptin receptor in AD and control patients. We analyzed leptin levels in CSF, and the concentration and localization of leptin and leptin receptor in the hippocampus. Significant elevations in leptin levels in both CSF and hippocampal tissue of AD patients, compared with age‐matched control cases, indicate a physiological up‐regulation of leptin in AD. However, the level of leptin receptor mRNA decreased in AD brain and the leptin receptor protein was localized to neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting a severe discontinuity in the leptin signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that leptin resistance in the hippocampus may play a role in the characteristic changes associated with the disease. These findings are the first to demonstrate such dysregulated leptin‐signaling circuitry and provide novel insights into the possible role of aberrant leptin signaling in AD.
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In this study, increased leptin was found in CSF and hippocampus in Alzheimer disease indicating its physiological up‐regulation, yet leptin receptor mRNA was decreased and leptin receptor protein was localized to neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting a discontinuity in the leptin signaling pathway. The lack of leptin signaling within degenerating neurons may represent a novel neuronal leptin resistance in Alzheimer disease.
Detection of molecular alterations in methamphetamine‐activated Fos‐expressing neurons from a single rat dorsal striatum using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)
Authors: Liu Qing‐Rong , Rubio Francisco J. , Bossert Jennifer M. , Marchant Nathan J. , Fanous Sanya , Hou Xingyu , Shaham Yavin , Hope Bruce T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMethamphetamine and other drugs activate a small proportion of all neurons in the brain. We previously developed a fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)‐based method to characterize molecular alterations induced selectively in activated neurons that express the neural activity marker Fos. However, this method requires pooling samples from many rats. We now describe a modified FACS‐based method to characterize molecular alterations in Fos‐expressing dorsal striatal neurons from a single rat using a multiplex pre‐amplification strategy. Fos and NeuN (a neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry indicate that 5–6% of dorsal striatum neurons were activated 90 min after acute methamphetamine injections (5 mg/kg, i.p.) while less than 0.5% of neurons were activated by saline injections. We used FACS to separate NeuN‐labeled neurons into Fos‐positive and Fos‐negative neurons and assessed mRNA expression using RT‐qPCR from as little as five Fos‐positive neurons. Methamphetamine induced 3–20‐fold increases of immediate early genes arc, homer‐2, c‐fos, fosB, and its isoforms (ΔfosB and a novel isoform ΔfosB‐2) in Fos‐positive but not Fos‐negative neurons. Immediate early gene mRNA induction was 10‐fold lower or absent when assessed in unsorted samples from single dorsal striatum homogenates. Our modified method makes it feasible to study unique molecular alterations in neurons activated by drugs or drug‐associated cues in complex addiction models.
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Methamphetamine and other drugs activate a small proportion of all neurons in the brain. We here report an improved method to characterize molecular alterations induced selectively in activated neurons that express the neural activity marker Fos. We used FACS along with targeted PCR pre‐amplification to assess acute methamphetamine‐induced gene expression from as few as 5 Fos‐expressing neurons from a single rat dorsal striatum. Methamphetamine induced 3–20‐fold increases of immediate early genes (IEGs) in Fos‐positive but not Fos‐negative neurons. Targeted PCR pre‐amplification makes it feasible to study unique molecular alterations in neurons activated by drugs or drug‐associated cues in complex addiction models.
In vivo peripheral nervous system insulin signaling
Authors: Grote Caleb W. , Ryals Janelle M. , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlterations in peripheral nervous system (PNS) insulin support may contribute to diabetic neuropathy (DN); yet, PNS insulin signaling is not fully defined. Here, we investigated in vivo insulin signaling in the PNS and compared the insulin responsiveness to that of muscle, liver, and adipose. Non‐diabetic mice were administered increasing doses of insulin to define a dose‐response relationship between insulin and Akt activation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve. Resulting EC50 doses were used to characterize the PNS insulin signaling time course and make comparisons between insulin signaling in the PNS and other peripheral tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and adipose). The results demonstrate that the PNS is responsive to insulin and that differences in insulin signaling pathway activation exist between PNS compartments. At a therapeutically relevant dose, Akt was activated in the muscle, liver, and adipose at 30 min, correlating with the changes in blood glucose levels. Interestingly, the sciatic nerve showed a similar signaling profile as insulin‐sensitive tissues; however, there was not a comparable activation in the DRG or spinal cord. These results present new evidence regarding PNS insulin signaling pathways in vivo and provide a baseline for studies investigating the contribution of disrupted PNS insulin signaling to DN pathogenesis.
Overweight and Obesity Difference of Chinese Population Between Different Urbanization Levels
Authors: Tian Xiangyang , Zhao Genming , Li Yinghua , Wang Liang , Shi Ying 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine the difference of Body Mass Index (BMI), the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their predictors among residents of different urbanization levels in China.MethodsA stratified, multistage, random cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample aged 18‐60 years in metropolitan, prefecture, and rural areas in 4 provinces and Beijing City in China. A total of 6,159 residents were interviewed. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between urbanization levels and the prevalence of overweight/obesity adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors.FindingsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.0% and 2.5%, respectively. Compared to metropolitan residents (BMI = 22.76 ± 3.20 kg/m2), rural and prefecture residents had a higher BMI, 23.17 ± 3.49 kg/m2 (P < .001) and 23.06 ± 3.31 kg/m2 (P = .004), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that, compared to the rural residents, those in prefecture and metropolitan areas were less likely to be overweight and obese (OR = 0.80 [95% CI: 0.68‐0.94] and OR = 0.68 [95% CI: 0.57‐0.80], respectively). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in males (OR = 1.68 [95% CI: 1.43‐1.97]) and patients with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD; OR = 2.50 [95% CI: 2.16‐2.89]). Less frequency of physical activity was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity (OR: 0.85, [95% CI: 0.74, 0.97]).ConclusionsThe rural population had an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to both the prefecture and metropolitan populations. Male gender, older age, and NCD were positively associated with the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Policies are urgently needed to combat the overweight and obesity challenge in rural China.
Old‐male paternity advantage is a function of accumulating sperm and last‐male precedence in a butterfly
Authors: Kehl Tobias , Karl Isabell , Fischer Klaus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOld‐male mating advantage has been convincingly demonstrated inBicyclus anynanabutterflies. This intriguing pattern may be explained by two alternative hypotheses: (i) an increased aggressiveness and persistence of older males during courtship, being caused by the older males' low residual reproductive value; and (ii) an active preference of females towards older males what reflects a good genes hypothesis. Against this background, we here investigate postcopulatory sexual selection by double‐matingBicyclus anynanafemales to older and younger males, thus allowing for sperm competition and cryptic mate choice, and by genotyping the resulting offspring. Virgin females were mated with a younger virgin (2–3 days old) and afterwards an older virgin male (12–13 days old) or vice versa. Older males had a higher paternity success than younger ones, but only when being the second (=last) mating partner, while paternity success was equal among older and younger males when older males were the first mating partner. Older males produced larger spermatophores with much higher numbers of fertile sperm than younger males. Thus, we found no evidence for cryptic female mate choice. Rather, the findings reported here seem to result from a combination of last‐male precedence and the number of sperm transferred upon mating, both increasing paternity success.
Severe Workplace Conflict: The Experience of Mobbing
Authors: Shallcross Linda , Ramsay Sheryl , Barker Michelle 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWorkplace mobbing is a particularly serious phenomenon that is extremely costly to organizations and the health of those targeted. This article reports on a study of self‐identified targets of mobbing, which advances understanding of the way the problem is conceptualized, including associated informal and formal power relationships with organizations. Participants report a number of experiences, such as lengthy investigations and escalation of conflict, that result in an increasingly unbalanced sense of power away from the individual and toward the organization. Revealed is a mismatch between the expected organizational justice processes and support and the actual experience. Findings support a five‐stage process of mobbing, which commences with unresolved conflict and leads ultimately to expulsion from the organization. The study contributes an understanding of a sixth transformational stage that allows the development of personal agency and a rebalanced sense of power. Recommendations of strategic approaches to address the phenomenon of mobbing are discussed.
Counterproductive Work Behavior and Conflict: Merging Complementary Domains
Authors: Raver Jana L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractScholarship on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and related constructs (e.g., deviance, bullying, harassment, aggression, incivility, mobbing, revenge) has advanced the understanding of the factors that drive employees to engage in harmful actions at work and illuminated the effects of such behavior on individual, group, and organizational outcomes. Despite the many parallels between CWB and conflict processes as well as scholars' calls for better integration, there has been surprisingly little cross‐fertilization between these areas. Accordingly, the goal of this special issue is to provide an outlet for research and theory that have investigated CWB with a conflict lens. In this overview of the special issue, I begin by briefly describing the nature of CWB and possible reasons for the lack of integration with conflict research. I then provide an overview of the articles in this special issue and conclude with a synthesis and suggested future research questions.