bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis of complex bifurcation coronary lesions treated with the tryton bifurcation stent in conjunction with an everolimus‐eluting stent: IUVANT (Intravascular ultrasound evaluation of tryton stent) study
Authors: Bartorelli Antonio L. , Trabattoni Daniela , Almonacid Alexandra , Fabbiocchi Franco , Montorsi Piero , Galli Stefano , Grancini Luca , Ravagnani Paolo , Mintz Gary S. , Kaplan Aaron V. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Maehara Akiko 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo characterize the treatment of complex bifurcation lesions (BL) with the Tryton Bifurcation Stent (TBS) paired with an everolimus‐eluting stent (EES).BackgroundComplex BL are associated with higher procedural complications and poorer long‐term outcomes. The TBS is a dedicated side‐branch (SB) stent designed to be used in conjunction with a standard drug‐eluting stent.MethodsProspectively identified, consecutive patients underwent TBS+EES stenting of BL using a protocol which included TBS postdilation and simultaneous final kissing balloon inflations (FKBI). All lesions were systematically evaluated with coronary angiography and IVUS, obtained at procedure completion and at 9 months, and were assessed by independent core laboratories.ResultsThirty‐three BL were treated in 32 patients presenting primarily (87.5%) with stable angina and complex BL with angiographic apparent disease in the main vessel (MV) and SB in 87.9% and 75% by site and core evaluation, respectively. Procedural success was 100% and high postprocedure percent stent expansion (MV 96 [93, 109]%, SB 88 [77, 100]%, carina MV 135 [99, 166]%, carina SB 116 [91, 130]%) was demonstrated by IVUS. At 9‐month angiographic follow‐up (n = 28 patients), one MV in‐segment restenosis and one SB in‐stent restenosis were observed. SB in‐stent late lumen loss was 0.41 ± 0.27 mm. IVUS assessment revealed the absence of stent recoil; percent carinal neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) was 1.8 [0.0,11.2]% in MV and 15.0 [6.7,23.5]% in SB, with NIH volume obstruction of 2.0 [0.7,4.3]% in MV and 14.2 [7.5,29.6]% in SB.ConclusionsStenting of complex BL with the TBS+EES provides high acute success with sustained clinical, angiographic, and IVUS results at 9 months. These excellent results are likely due to the extent of stent expansion at the carina. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex‐based differences in bleeding and long term adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: Three year results from the HORIZONS‐AMI trial
Authors: Yu Jennifer , Mehran Roxana , Grinfeld Liliana , Xu Ke , Nikolsky Eugenia , Brodie Bruce R. , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Kornowski Ran , Dangas George D. , Lansky Alexandra J. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundStudies have shown sex‐based disparities in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management and prognosis. We sought to compare women and men undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI in a large, prospective, contemporary context.MethodsThe Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS‐AMI) trial randomized 3,602 patients (23.4% women and 76.6% men) with STEMI presenting within 12 hr of onset of symptoms to bivalirudin or heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and to PCI with drug‐eluting or bare metal stents.ResultsCompared with men, women presented later after symptom onset and were more often treated with medical management alone (6.9% vs. 4.7%; P = 0.01). Women had significantly higher rates of 3‐year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major bleeding. After adjusting for baseline differences, female sex remained an independent predictor of major bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.33; P < 0.0001) but not of MACE (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.91–1.32; P = 0.35).ConclusionsThis study found that women with STEMI are at increased risk of bleeding as compared to men. While female sex may not directly contribute to increased risk of MACE, it is, however, associated with the presence of comorbidities that increase the risk of ischemic events long‐term. Further dedicated studies are needed to confirm these findings and to assess strategies to optimize both the initial emergent treatment and long‐term management in this high‐risk subset. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid‐Solid Mass Transfer Behavior of a Stirred‐Tank Reactor with a Fixed Bed at Its Bottom
Authors: El‐Naggar Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed H. , Zatout Ahmed A. , Sedahmed Gomaa H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe mass transfer behavior of a new batch stirred tank with a fixed bed of Raschig rings at the bottom was studied using diffusion‐controlled dissolution of copper in acidified dichromate. Variables studied, amongst others, were the impeller rotation speed, Raschig ring diameter, fixed‐bed height, and impeller geometry. The rate of mass transfer from the fixed bed to the solution increased with increasing impeller rotation speed, decreasing particle size, and decreasing bed height. The axial‐flow turbine is more efficient in increasing the rate of mass transfer than the radial‐flow turbine. The presented reactor is especially useful for conducting diffusion‐controlled liquid‐solid catalytic reactions involving reactants that need to be dispersed first, such as sparingly soluble solid particles.
Design and Control of an Integrated 1,4‐Butanediol Dehydrogenation and Furfural Hydrogenation Plant
Authors: Javaid Ahtesham , Bildea Costin S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe design and plantwide control of an integrated plant, where the endothermic dehydrogenation of 1,4‐butanediol leading to γ‐butyrolactone and the exothermic hydrogenation of furfural leading to furfural alcohol and 2‐methyl furan are simultaneously performed in a single reactor, is presented. Analysis of the reactor‐separation‐recycle system shows that the reactions can be carried out using small hydrogen excess, in an adiabatic reactor, with reduced parameter sensitivity. The plant is flexible, allowing different production rates and a wide range of ratios between the furfural alcohol and 2‐methyl furan products. The additional separation of γ‐butyrolactone from the reaction mixture is easy. The conclusions are supported by rigorous steady‐state and dynamic simulations performed in AspenPlus and AspenDynamics.
Estimation of rotation ambiguity in multivariate curve resolution with charged particle swarm optimization (cPSO‐MCR)
Authors: Skvortsov Alexey N. 
Published: August 2014

Rotation ambiguity (RA) in multivariate curve resolution (MCR) is an undesirable case, when the physicochemical constraints are not sufficiently strong to provide a unique resolution of the data matrix of the mixtures into spectra and concentration profiles of individual chemical components. RA is often met in MCR of overlapped chromatographic peaks, kinetic and equilibrium data, and fluorescence two‐dimensional spectra. In case of RA, a single candidate solution has little practical value. So, the whole set of feasible solutions should be characterized somehow. It is a quite intricate task in a general case.In the present paper, a method was proposed to estimate RA with charged particle swarm optimization (cPSO), a population‐based algorithm. The criteria for updating the particles were modified, so that the swarm converged to the steady state, which spanned the set of feasible solutions. The performance of cPSO‐MCR was demonstrated on test functions, simulated datasets, and real‐world data. Good accordance of the cPSO‐MCR results with the analytical solutions (Borgen plots) was observed. cPSO‐MCR was also shown to be capable of estimating the strength of the constraints and of revealing RA in noisy data.As compared with analytical methods, cPSO‐MCR is simpler to implement, expands to more than three chemical compounds, is immune to noise, and can be easily adapted to virtually all types of constraints and objective functions (constraint based or residue based). cPSO‐MCR also provides natural visual information about the level of RA in spectra and concentration profiles, similar to the methods of two extreme solutions (e.g., MCR‐BANDS). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational and H‐Bonding Preferences for Facile Racemate Crystallization of Ribose
Authors: Patyk Ewa , Katrusiak Andrzej 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTRecalcitrant crystallization and syrup formation are frequent features of natural sugars. This is the case of d‐ribose, yielding low‐quality crystals of mixed α‐ and β‐pyranose anomers. However, large crystals of dl‐ribose can be grown easily. The crystal structures of stable d‐ribose forms I and II as well as dl‐form II have been analyzed in terms of their compatibility with the molecular aggregation. The comparison of the potential energy of all conformers and their OH···O hydrogen‐bonding patterns is consistent with the preferential racemate crystallization in terms of departures from the optimized isolated ribose molecule and its directional interactions. This analysis is aimed at rationalizing the interplay between the molecular structure and spontaneous crystallization of chiral compounds. Chirality 26: 806–810, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Porphyrin Lanthanide M3+ Complexes
Authors: Andrushchenko Valery , Padula Daniele , Zhivotova Elena , Yamamoto Shigeki , Bouř Petr 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTLanthanide complexes exhibit interesting spectroscopic properties yielding many applications as imaging probes, natural chirality amplifiers, and therapeutic agents. However, many properties are not fully understood yet. Therefore, we applied magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, which provides enhanced information about the underlying electronic structure to a series of lanthanide compounds. The metals in the M3+ state included Y, La, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; the spectra were collected for selected tetraphenylporphin (TPP) and octaethylporphin (OEP) complexes in chloroform. While the MCD and UV‐VIS absorption spectra were dominated by the porphyrin signal, metal binding significantly modulated them. MCD spectroscopy was found to be better suited to discriminate between various species than absorption spectroscopy alone. The main features and trends in the lanthanide series observed in MCD and absorption spectra of the complexes could be interpreted at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, with effective core potentials on metal nuclei. The sum over state (SOS) method was used for simulation of the MCD intensities. The combination of the spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical computations is important for understanding the interactions of the metals with the organic compounds. Chirality 26:655–662, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling and simulation of raw material blending process in cement raw mix milling installations
Authors: Tsamatsoulis Dimitris 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of multivariable models composed from linear differential equations, integrals, and delays has been developed to describe the dynamics of mixing of the raw materials during the cement raw meal milling. The dynamics between the main oxides and chemical modules of raw mix in mill outlet and the materials proportions in mill entrance is investigated. The distributions of model parameters (gains, time constants, delays, steady state values) are determined. In this way, the structure of the parameters' uncertainty is clearly expressed, explained by the raw materials composition uncertainty and can be used in process simulation. A successful attempt is made to simulate the mill operation by including the main components of the process concerning mixing and dynamics. The simulator calculates the chemical analyses and modules of raw meal in the mill outlet, and also the dynamics of the main module characterizing raw meal and cement i.e., the lime saturation factor (LSF). Thus, the effect of the raw materials compositions and their uncertainty on LSF dynamics is studied. The dynamical models analyzed can be used to build robust controllers, while the simulator constitutes a tool to evaluate the efficiency of the control strategies.
On the analysis of ionic mass transfer in the electrolytic bath of an aluminum reduction cell
Authors: Ariana Mohsen , Désilets Martin , Proulx Pierre 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn electrolyte typically used in an aluminum electrolysis cell is composed of different ions moving in the electromagnetic field generated by the high intensity current needed for the industrial application. The flux of these ions has an important impact on the functional parameters of the cell, like current efficiency. In this study, the transient behaviour of these ions in the NaF‐AlF3‐Al2O3 mixture is modelled using a numerical finite element method. The electric potential field equation governed by electrochemical reaction kinetics at electrodes is solved to obtain the electric potential field, current density, and consequently heat generation in the cell. Subsequently, the concentration field is solved for ionic species in the bath. The results indicate formation of a high concentration gradient of electroactive ions like Al2OF62− and AlF4− at the corresponding reacting electrodes with time and diffusion as the main mechanism for these ions transfer. It is found that from the early stages of the 3 minute simulation of the electrochemical process, the difference between bulk concentration and surface concentration of electroactive ions remains constant. Moreover, the results indicate that although the flux of electroactive species is dominated by diffusion, especially for larger times, migration is the controlling mechanism of transport for the electroinactive ions.
Viscosities and densities of systems containing fatty compounds and alcoholic solvents
Authors: Granero Maira G. , Rocha Bruna B. , Chaves Matheus A. , Brasil Fernanda C. G. , Aracava Keila K. , Rodrigues Christianne E. C. , Ceriani Roberta , Gonçalves Cintia B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis work presents viscosities and densities of systems composed of vegetable oils (or animal fat), commercial fatty acids, ethanol, and water at several temperatures. These systems are of great importance for oil/fat deacidification by liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) using aqueous ethanol as solvent, as well as for ethylic biodiesel production. Experimental data and accurate predictive models of physical properties, such as viscosity and density, are essential for process designers mainly because they affect fluid dynamics, coefficients of heat and mass transfer, and consequently column efficiency. Experimental data for viscosities were also estimated using well‐known methods, such as Kay's mixing rules (simple and modified form) and GC‐UNIMOD. Despite the non‐ideality inherent to the mixtures studied in this work, approximately 71 % of the systems showed an acceptable estimation of their viscosities using at least one of these three models, with average relative deviations (ARD) up to 10 %. A simple mixing rule, based on densities of pure compounds and their mass fractions in the mixture, was used for estimating densities with ARD values not higher than 0.54 %.
Thyroid nodules with KRAS mutations are different from nodules with NRAS and HRAS mutations with regard to cytopathologic and histopathologic outcome characteristics
Authors: Radkay Lisa A. , Chiosea Simion I. , Seethala Raja R. , Hodak Steven P. , LeBeau Shane O. , Yip Linwah , McCoy Kelly L. , Carty Sally E. , Schoedel Karen E. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Ohori N. Paul 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDMutations in the RAS gene in the thyroid gland result in the activation of signaling pathways and are associated with a follicular growth pattern and the probability of a carcinoma outcome ranging from 74% to 87%. In the current study, the authors investigated the cytopathologic and histopathologic features of common RAS mutation subtypes.METHODSMalignant, indeterminate, and selected benign thyroid cytology cases were tested prospectively for the presence of NRAS61, HRAS61, and KRAS12/13 mutations. For each case, the Bethesda System for thyroid cytopathology diagnosis, additional cytologic descriptors, and surgical pathology outcomes were documented. The Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon 2‐sample test were used for statistical comparison between the groups.RESULTSA total of 204 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cases with RAS mutations (93.6% of which were associated with indeterminate cytopathology diagnoses) and corresponding surgical pathology resection specimens were identified. The KRAS12/13 mutation was associated with a significantly lower carcinoma outcome (41.7%) when compared with HRAS61 (95.5%) and NRAS61 (86.8%) mutations (P<.0001). Furthermore, oncocytic change was observed in a significantly higher percentage of cytology and resection specimens with KRAS12/13 mutations (66.7% and 75.0%, respectively) in comparison with those with HRAS61 (4.5% and 4.5%, respectively) and NRAS61 (15.4% and 14.7%, respectively) mutations (P<.0001). RAS mutations also were identified in cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma (NRAS61), anaplastic carcinoma (HRAS61), and medullary thyroid carcinoma (HRAS61 and KRAS12/13).CONCLUSIONSSubclassification of RAS mutations in conjunction with cytopathologic evaluation improves presurgical risk stratification, provides better insight into lesional characteristics, and may influence patient management. In particular, KRAS12/13‐mutated thyroid nodules were found to be different from HRAS61‐mutated and NRAS61‐mutated nodules with regard to cytopathologic and surgical outcome characteristics. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:873–882. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Recycling of Carbon Dioxide and Acetate as Lactic Acid by the Hydrogen‐Producing Bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana
Authors: d'Ippolito Giuliana , Dipasquale Laura , Fontana Angelo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe heterotrophic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana produces hydrogen by fermentation of sugars. Under capnophilic (carbon dioxide requiring) conditions, the process is preferentially associated with the production of lactic acid, which, as shown herein, is synthesized by reductive carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A. The enzymatic coupling is dependent on the carbon dioxide stimulated activity of heterotetrameric pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Under the same culture conditions, T. neapolitana also operates the unfavorable synthesis of lactic acid from an exogenous acetate supply. This process, which requires carbon dioxide (or carbonate) and an unknown electron donor, allows for the conversion of carbon dioxide into added‐value chemicals without biomass deconstruction.
Maximum likelihood estimation of FRET efficiency and its implications for distortions in pixelwise calculation of FRET in microscopy
Authors: Nagy Peter , Szabó Ágnes , Váradi Tímea , Kovács Tamás , Batta Gyula , Szöllősi János 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRatiometric determination of the efficiency of fluorescence or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widespread methods for the characterization of protein clustering and conformation. Low photon numbers, often present in pixel‐by‐pixel determination of FRET efficiency in digital microscopy, result in large uncertainties in the derived FRET parameter. Here, we propose a method based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of FRET efficiency using photon counting detectors to overcome this limitation. Intensities measured in the donor, FRET, and acceptor channels were all assumed to follow Poisson statistics as a result of detector shot noise. The joint probability of photon numbers detected in the donor, FRET, and acceptor channels was derived using an equation describing the relationship between the three measured intensities. The FRET efficiency generating the measured photon numbers with the largest likelihood was determined iteratively providing a single FRET value for all pixels in the calculation. Since as few as 100 pixels are sufficient to provide a maximum likelihood estimate for FRET, biological variability in FRET values can be revealed by performing the analysis for regions of interests in an image. Since the algorithm provides the probability of a combination of donor, FRET, and acceptor intensities observed in each individual pixel given a certain FRET efficiency, outlier pixels with low probabilities could be excluded from the analysis. Simulations carried out with low photon numbers in the presence and absence of outlier pixels revealed that the proposed approach can reliably and reproducibly estimate FRET efficiency. In addition, systematic evaluation of the simulation results showed that the distribution of pixel‐by‐pixel FRET efficiencies is skewed, and the mean of these FRET values is a biased and unreliable estimate of the FRET efficiency. In the absence of outlier pixels, FRET calculated from summed donor, FRET, and acceptor intensities proved to be as reliable as MLE. We conclude that MLE of FRET outperforms calculations using summed and pixel‐by‐pixel intensities in biologically relevant situations involving low photon numbers and outlier pixels. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An automated protocol for performance benchmarking a widefield fluorescence microscope
Authors: Halter Michael , Bier Elianna , DeRose Paul C. , Cooksey Gregory A. , Choquette Steven J. , Plant Anne L. , Elliott John T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWidefield fluorescence microscopy is a highly used tool for visually assessing biological samples and for quantifying cell responses. Despite its widespread use in high content analysis and other imaging applications, few published methods exist for evaluating and benchmarking the analytical performance of a microscope. Easy‐to‐use benchmarking methods would facilitate the use of fluorescence imaging as a quantitative analytical tool in research applications, and would aid the determination of instrumental method validation for commercial product development applications. We describe and evaluate an automated method to characterize a fluorescence imaging system's performance by benchmarking the detection threshold, saturation, and linear dynamic range to a reference material. The benchmarking procedure is demonstrated using two different materials as the reference material, uranyl‐ion‐doped glass and Schott 475 GG filter glass. Both are suitable candidate reference materials that are homogeneously fluorescent and highly photostable, and the Schott 475 GG filter glass is currently commercially available. In addition to benchmarking the analytical performance, we also demonstrate that the reference materials provide for accurate day to day intensity calibration. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.