bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Carbon Budget Succession in Lake Erie's Western Basin
Authors: Eveleth Rachel , Gabor Rachel S. , Gaffney Katherine M. , Chaffin Justin D. , Goda Abigail , Pendley Orion , Stanislawczyk Keara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLake Erie's Western Basin is a eutrophic region and likely hotspot for carbon transformation. While this basin has received much attention for its high nutrient loads from the Maumee River and recurring harmful algal blooms, carbon has gone understudied. To investigate the seasonal and spatial variability in inorganic and organic carbon budgets, we completed three surveys in spring, summer, and fall on a transect from the Maumee River to South Bass Island. In each survey, we observed higher spatial variability of all carbon species within 11 km of the Maumee River mouth relative to sites outside of Maumee Bay. This variability was driven by pulses of direct river water carbon, steep nutrient gradients, and patchy bloom conditions. Seasonal variability was also greater in Maumee Bay, with the highest river discharge in June adding large amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon and pCO2 flux out of the water when productivity from the diatom bloom was smaller. In August, when and where we observed a Microcystis bloom, particulate organic carbon increased in concentration, and pCO2 flux switched directions into the water. In October, Chl‐a concentrations and oxygen saturations were lowest, indicating a seasonal slowdown in productivity, and river discharge was the lowest, resulting in the lowest total carbon observed and dissolved organic matter chemistry indicating less contribution from the terrestrial watershed. In the open water outside of Maumee Bay seasonal and spatial carbon budget dynamics were more stable, highlighting the importance of riverine inputs on lake carbon cycling.
Quantitatively Distinguishing the Factors Driving Runoff and Sediment Yield Variations in Karst Watersheds
Authors: Cheng Si , Yu Xingxiu , Li Zhenwei , Xu Xianli , Wang Kelin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the coupled or interconnected relationships among frequent climate extremes, unique geological conditions, discontinuous soil distribution, rugged geomorphology, and highly heterogeneous landscapes in different karst watersheds, few studies were conducted to decouple the relative magnitudes of the climate, lithology, soil, topography, and landscape on soil erosion in karst regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative importance of these influencing factors on runoff and sediment yield (SY) in 40 typical karst watersheds in southwest China. To address this issue, the Pearson correlation and random forest were first to select the dominant factors influencing runoff and SY. Subsequently, the partial least squares‐structural equation model (PLS‐SEM) was used to decouple the complex relationships among runoff, SY and their potential influencing factors. Results showed that climate, lithology, soil, topography and landscape could explain 79% of the runoff variation, and only climate factors have significant impact on runoff for heterogeneous karst watersheds (P < 0.01, path coefficient (β) = 0.589). The explanation of five factors to SY variability is 59%, and the landscape has the greatest impact on SY (P < 0.01, β = −0.458). Different from runoff, climatic factors have no significant influence on SY. By elucidating a complex coupled relationship framework, this study can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of soil and water loss program, and the optimization of land resources and ecological environment sustainable development in karst watersheds.
Organismal metabolism regulates the expansion of oncogenic PIK3CA mutant clones in normal esophagus
Authors: Herms Albert , Colom Bartomeu , Piedrafita Gabriel , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Banerjee Ujjwal , King Charlotte , Abby Emilie , Murai Kasumi , Caseda Irene , Fernandez-Antoran David , Ong Swee Hoe , Hall Michael W. J. , Bryant Christopher , Sood Roshan K. , Fowler Joanna C. , Pol Albert , Frezza Christian , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Jones Philip H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOncogenic PIK3CA mutations generate large clones in aging human esophagus. Here we investigate the behavior of Pik3ca mutant clones in the normal esophageal epithelium of transgenic mice. Expression of a heterozygous Pik3caH1047R mutation drives clonal expansion by tilting cell fate toward proliferation. CRISPR screening and inhibitor treatment of primary esophageal keratinocytes confirmed the PI3K–mTOR pathway increased mutant cell competitive fitness. The antidiabetic drug metformin reduced mutant cell advantage in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, metabolic conditions such as type 1 diabetes or diet-induced obesity enhanced the competitive fitness of Pik3caH1047R cells. Consistently, we found a higher density of PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations in the esophagus of individuals with high body mass index compared with those with normal weight. We conclude that the metabolic environment selectively influences the evolution of the normal epithelial mutational landscape. Clinically feasible interventions to even out signaling imbalances between wild-type and mutant cells may limit the expansion of oncogenic mutants in normal tissues.
Restoration of defective oxidative phosphorylation to a subset of neurons prevents mitochondrial encephalopathy
Authors: Walker Brittni R , Theard Lise-Michelle , Pinto Milena , Rodriguez-Silva Monica , Bacman Sandra R , Moraes Carlos T 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects can cause severe encephalopathies and no effective treatment exists for these disorders. To assess the ability of gene replacement to prevent disease progression, we subjected two different CNS-deficient mouse models (Ndufs3/complex I or Cox10/complex IV conditional knockouts) to gene therapy. We used retro-orbitally injected AAV-PHP.eB to deliver the missing gene to the CNS of these mice. In both cases, we observed survival extension from 5–6 to more than 15 months, with no detectable disease phenotypes. Likewise, molecular and cellular phenotypes were mostly recovered in the treated mice. Surprisingly, these remarkable phenotypic improvements were achieved with only ~30% of neurons expressing the transgene from the AAV-PHP.eB vector in the conditions used. These findings suggest that neurons lacking OXPHOS are protected by the surrounding neuronal environment and that partial compensation for neuronal OXPHOS loss can have disproportionately positive effects.
Novel immunotherapeutics against LGR5 to target multiple cancer types
Authors: Chen Hung-Chang , Mueller Nico , Stott Katherine , Kapeni Chrysa , Rivers Eilidh , Sauer Carolin M , Beke Flavio , Walsh Stephen J , Ashman Nicola , O’Brien Louise , Rafati Fard Amir , Ghodsinia Arman , Li Changtai , Joud Fadwa , Giger Olivier , Zlobec Inti , Olan Ioana , Aitken Sarah J , Hoare Matthew , Mair Richard , Serrao Eva , Brenton James D , Garcia-Gimenez Alicia , Richardson Simon E , Huntly Brian , Spring David R , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole , Skjødt Karsten , de la Roche Marc , de la Roche Maike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe have developed and validated a highly specific, versatile antibody to the extracellular domain of human LGR5 (α-LGR5). α-LGR5 detects LGR5 overexpression in >90% of colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pre-B-ALL tumour cells and was used to generate an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (α-LGR5-ADC), Bispecific T-cell Engager (α-LGR5-BiTE) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (α-LGR5-CAR). α-LGR5-ADC was the most effective modality for targeting LGR5+ cancer cells in vitro and demonstrated potent anti-tumour efficacy in a murine model of human NALM6 pre-B-ALL driving tumour attrition to less than 1% of control treatment. α-LGR5-BiTE treatment was less effective in the pre-B-ALL cancer model yet promoted a twofold reduction in tumour burden. α-LGR5-CAR-T cells also showed specific and potent LGR5+ cancer cell killing in vitro and effective tumour targeting with a fourfold decrease in pre-B-ALL tumour burden relative to controls. Taken together, we show that α-LGR5 can not only be used as a research tool and a biomarker but also provides a versatile building block for a highly effective immune therapeutic portfolio targeting a range of LGR5-expressing cancer cells.
Active site switching on high entropy phosphides as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable/robust Zn–air battery
Authors: He Ren , Wang Shiqi , Yang Linlin , Horta Sharona , Ding Yang , Di Chong , Zhang Xuesong , Xu Ying , Ibáñez Maria , Zhou Yingtang , Mebs Stefan , Dau Holger , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Huo Wenyi , Menezes Prashanth W. , Cabot Andreu 
Published: August 2024

FeCoNiPdWP exhibit excellent oxygen evolution and reduction reaction performance via all elements playing distinctive roles and the switchable active sites in redox reactions, leading to robust zinc air batteries.
Story Recall in Peer Conflict Resolution Discourse Task to Identify Older Adults Testing Within Range of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wilson Sarah C. , Teghipco Alex , Sayers Sara , Newman-Norlund Roger , Newman-Norlund Sarah , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The current study used behavioral measures of discourse complexity and story recall accuracy in an expository discourse task to distinguish older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment according to a standardized cognitive screening tool in a sample of self-reported healthy older adults.

Method:
Seventy-three older adults who self-identified as healthy completed an expository discourse task and neuropsychological screener. Discourse data were used to classify participants testing within range of cognitive impairment using multiple machine learning algorithms and stability analysis for identifying reliably predictive features in an effort to maximize prediction accuracy. We hypothesized that a higher rate of pronoun use and lower scores on story recall would best classify older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment.

Results:

The highest classification accuracy exploited a single variable in a remarkably intuitive way: using 66% story recall as a cutoff for cognitive impairment. Forcing this decision tree model to use more features or increasing its complexity did not improve accuracy. Permutation testing confirmed that the 77% accuracy and 0.18 Brier skill score achieved by the model were statistically significant (
p
< .00001).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that expository discourse tasks that place demands on executive functions, such as working memory, can be used to identify aging adults who test within range of cognitive impairment. Accurate representation of story elements in working memory is critical for coherent discourse. Our simple yet highly accurate predictive model of expository discourse provides a promising assessment for easy identification of cognitive impairment in older adults.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26543824
A linear MPC with control barrier functions for differential drive robots
Authors: Ali Ali Mohamed , Shen Chao , Hashim Hashim A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe need for fully autonomous mobile robots has surged over the past decade, with the imperative of ensuring safe navigation in a dynamic setting emerging as a primary challenge impeding advancements in this domain. In this article, a Safety Critical Model Predictive Control based on Dynamic Feedback Linearization tailored to the application of differential drive robots with two wheels is proposed to generate control signals that result in obstacle‐free paths. A barrier function introduces a safety constraint to the optimization problem of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) to prevent collisions. Due to the intrinsic nonlinearities of the differential drive robots, computational complexity while implementing a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) arises. To facilitate the real‐time implementation of the optimization problem and to accommodate the underactuated nature of the robot, a combination of Linear Model Predictive Control (LMPC) and Dynamic Feedback Linearization (DFL) is proposed. The MPC problem is formulated on a linear equivalent model of the differential drive robot rendered by the DFL controller. The analysis of the closed‐loop stability and recursive feasibility of the proposed control design is discussed. Numerical experiments illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control synthesis in avoiding obstacles with respect to the benchmark of using Euclidean distance constraints.
Optimized operation of integrated electricity‐HCNG systems with distributed hydrogen injecting
Authors: Yang Kun , Deng Yulong , Li Chunyan , Yi Derong , Liu Yang , Hu Bo , Shao Changzhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen, the cleanest energy carrier, is receiving increased attention in recent years. Transporting hydrogen through a natural gas system (NGS) will significantly promote the use of hydrogen, moreover, hydrogen‐enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) has great potential for renewable energy accommodation. To solve the problem of altered gas flow caused by hydrogen injection into natural gas networks, an optimized operation model of integrated electricity‐HCNG systems (IEHCNGS) with distributed hydrogen injecting is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a calculating model of hydrogen volume fraction based on minimum square summation and depth‐first search is established to describe the gas flow distribution of NGS accurately. Secondly, a quantitative method of gas supply reliability based on maximum entropy is proposed to ensure the safe operation of the system. Finally, an optimization model of IEHCNGS is established considering the coupling constraints of the integrated system and the reliability of NGS. The case study shows that the hydrogen volume fraction calculation model can correct the heat value of gas in each pipeline in real‐time, the maximum entropy model helps to improve the gas supply reliability of NGS, and the distributed hydrogen injecting mode is more capable of accommodating renewable energy.
Dynamic partitioning of island smart distribution systems in emergencies
Authors: Hosseini Najafabadi Zahra , Akbari Foroud Asghar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen a severe fault occurs in the distribution network, all or parts of it may be disconnected from the upstream network. Partitioning of these islanded areas is a solution to supplying the affected loads. Due to the variable nature of loads and renewable distributed generation (DG), the static model of partitioning with a fixed nature during island operation cannot be suitable. Therefore, in this article, considering the variable nature of loads and renewable distributed generation, a dynamic model is presented for the island partitioning to restore more valuable loads, which is suitable for quick decision‐making in emergencies. Also, a method for deciding on the mode of charging and discharging storage systems in emergencies is proposed. This model considers time limitation, uncontrollable DGs, controllable DGs and their control, controllability, and priority of loads, tie‐switches, storage systems, simultaneous faults, different situations of unintentional islanding of the distribution network, position of switches, and variable nature of loads and distributed generations. So, it is more comprehensive than the previous methods. Applying the proposed model to the modified IEEE 69‐bus system with controllable and uncontrollable generation and storage systems assuming different scenarios shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A strategy for accurate prediction of dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength in polyimide
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Changhai , Lin Jiaqi , Sun Hongguo , Yang Ying , Yang Wenlong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA strategy was proposed to predict accurately the dielectric permittivity and dielectric strength based on the Onsager local field theory. The molecular dynamic simulation was utilised to analyse the dipole moment fluctuation in polyimide (PI) to reflect the polarisation response of applied electric field. The simulation results revealed that the optical dielectric permittivity and static dielectric permittivity were 2.62 and 3.34, showing that the electronic displacement polarisation of the PI acted as a major contributor. The deviation between simulated and measured values of the frequency‐dependent relative dielectric permittivity was no more than 5%, which exhibited high accuracy. As the polarisation response of the polar groups in the PI was at infrared frequencies, the conductive loss may be the dominant role in 102–106 Hz at room temperature. Moreover, the effect of Joule heat on the structure, dielectric permittivity and Young modulus was considered to accurately predict the dielectric strength of the PI (359 kV/mm), which was in agreement with experimental values in the literature. These results establish a clear correlation between structural characteristics and dielectric properties of the PI, which would be the theoretical insights into the design and synthesis of the PI with tailored dielectric properties.
Die Notwendigkeit von Galenikunterricht in der studentischen Ausbildung: ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Staubach Petra , Hinkel Julia , Dietzel Janina , Keller-Melchior Regine , Mann Caroline 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Der Erfahrungsbericht zeigt die Bedeutung der Galenik in der medizinischen Ausbildung im Fachbereich Dermatologie. Ziel ist es, die Relevanz galenischer Kenntnisse für die optimale und individualisierte Therapie topischer Arzneimittel zu beleuchten. Wir geben einen Überblick über die Vermittlung dieser Kenntnisse an Medizinstudierende.
Methodik Seit 2010 findet an der Mainzer Hautklinik im Rahmen des
Unterrichtsblocks Dermatologie Galenikunterricht in Form eines Kleingruppenpraktikums (je
13–16 Studenten über jeweils 1,5 Stunden) statt. Der Kurs wurde über die Jahre mehrfach
modifiziert. Im Folgenden werden die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen geteilt. Behandelt werden
der Aufbau der Haut, die unterschiedlichen Hauttypen, Lehre der unterschiedlichen Grundlagen,
Basistherapie sowie Kennenlernen wichtiger Wirkstoffe und ihre Wirkungen auf der Haut anhand
von Anwendungsbeispielen bei bestimmten Hauterkrankungen. Praktische Übungen ermöglichen es
den Studierenden, verschiedene Grundlagen einzuordnen und die geeignete Galenik anhand von
Patientenfällen zu ermitteln.
Ergebnisse Galenische Kenntnisse sind entscheidend für die Anwendung von Topika und ermöglichen patientenindividualisierte Therapien. Die Wichtigkeit der Galenik für alle medizinischen Fachrichtungen wird verdeutlicht. Geeignete Lehrmethoden wurden entwickelt, um das Interesse der Studierenden nicht nur in der Dermatologie zu wecken.
Schlussfolgerung Der Galenikunterricht ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der medizinischen Ausbildung. Er vermittelt wichtige Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten, die für alle medizinischen Fachrichtungen relevant sind. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, die Relevanz der Galenik für alle Medizinstudierenden zu verdeutlichen und geeignete Lehrmethoden zu entwickeln, um das Interesse der Studierenden zu wecken. Das positive Feedback der Studierenden bestätigt die Wichtigkeit und Effektivität des Galenikunterrichts.
Value of Cerebroplacental Ratio in Predicting Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Term Pregnancies Complicated by Obesity
Authors: Eisenkolb Gabriel , Karge Anne , Ortiz Javier U. , Ostermayer Eva , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Kuschel Bettina , Graupner Oliver 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the performance of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) in predicting composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO) in women with obesity compared to non-obese women at term.This is a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary referral centre over a 3-year period. All singleton pregnancies with CPR measurements ≥ 37 + 0 weeks and estimated fetal weight ≥ 10th centile and attempted vaginal delivery were included and divided into two groups defined by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) </≥ 30 kg/m2. The presence of at least one of the following outcome parameters was defined as CAPO: operative delivery (OD) due to intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, umbilical cord arterial pH ≤ 7.15, 5 min Apgar < 7. The prognostic performance of CPR MoM was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.The study cohort included 1207 pregnancies, of which 112 were women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. In obese women, CAPO occurred in 21 cases (18.8%) compared to 247 (22.6%) cases in women with BMI < 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.404). In the entire study cohort, CPR MoM was significantly lower in the CAPO and OD for IFC group. ROC analyses revealed a significant predictive value of low CPR MoM for CAPO in obese women (AUC = 0.64, p = 0.024). Furthermore, CPR was predictive for OD for IFC not only in obese (AUC = 0.72, p = 0.023) but also in non-obese (AUC = 0.61, p = 0.003) women.Low CPR MoM was predictive for CAPO and OD for IFC in obese women without additional risk factors. However, the overall predictive performance of CPR for CAPO in obese women was poor.
Development of fast 2.5 MeV neutron detectors for high-intensity stray magnetic field environments
Authors: Molin A. Dal , Guiotto F. , Putignano O. , Rosa M. Dalla , Franz P. , Grosso G. , Monguzzi A. , Cippo E. Perelli , Pollice L. , Rigamonti D. , Tedoldi L. G. , Zuin M. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: August 2024

Several small to medium-scale magnetic confinement fusion devices operate using deuterium as fuel. These low neutron rate (108–1010 n/s) devices rely on 2.45 MeV neutron measurements to validate physical models and to assess their performance. Given the modest rate, neutron monitors have to be placed as close as possible to the machine to maximize data gathering. In these regions, intense stray magnetic fields could affect the detector’s performance. In this work, the development of a neutron detector based on an EJ-276D scintillator crystal coupled with a SiPM and a custom-made readout system is presented. The detector has particle discrimination capability and is insensitive to magnetic fields.
Versatile multi-energy hard x-ray camera to study confined and unconfined fast electron dynamics and anisotropies (Invited)
Authors: Barbui T. , Delgado-Aparicio L. F. , Savoye-Peysson Y. , Stratton B. , Dumont R. , Hill K. W. , Pablant N. A. , Wallace J. , Wisniewski J. ,   WEST team
Published: August 2024

A powerful and flexible hard x-ray (HXR) camera has been recently installed and tested on the WEST tokamak (CEA, France) in collaboration with the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The diagnostic is a pinhole camera fielded with a 2D pixel detector equipped with a 1 mm thick CdTe sensor. The novelty of this diagnostic technique is the detector’s capability of adjusting the threshold energy at the pixel level. This innovation provides great flexibility in the energy configuration, allowing simultaneous space, energy, and time resolved x-ray measurements. The novel camera has been used to measure the core radiation from non-Maxwellian (fast) electrons accelerated by Lower Hybrid (LH) waves and also the beam–target emission of tungsten in the divertor region produced by fast electron losses interacting with the target. In addition, anisotropic hard x-ray emission has been detected for the first time at the WEST core and edge plasma, with opposite toroidal intensity trends. Experimental vertical and toroidal HXR profiles have been successfully reproduced with the LH code LUKE.
The classical and quantum particle on a flag manifold
Authors: Bykov Dmitri , Kuzovchikov Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the present paper we consider two related problems, i.e. the description of geodesics and the calculation of the spectrum of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a flag manifold. We show that there exists a family of invariant metrics such that both problems can be solved simply and explicitly. In order to determine the spectrum of the Laplace–Beltrami operator, we construct natural, finite-dimensional approximations (of spin chain type) to the Hilbert space of functions on a flag manifold.