bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher locomotor costs of pregnancy in viviparous compared to oviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara)
Authors: Hussain Robert , Recknagel Hans , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPregnancy is a physiological cost of reproduction for animals that rely on fleeing to avoid predators. Costs of reproduction are predicted to differ between alternative reproductive strategies or modes, such as egg‐laying (oviparity) or live‐bearing (viviparity). However, disentangling the factors that comprise this cost and how it differs for oviparous or viviparous females is challenging due to myriad environmental, biological, and evolutionary confounds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that costs of pregnancy differ between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara). We predicted that the degree of locomotor impairment during pregnancy and therefore the cost of reproduction would be higher in viviparous females. We conducted our experiment in a hybrid zone containing oviparous and viviparous common lizards. Due to the common environment and inclusion of hybrid individuals, we could infer whether differences were inherent to parity mode. We found that the average and maximum running speed of pregnant females was slower than after they had given birth or laid eggs. Viviparous females experienced an additional pregnancy weight burden and for a longer time period, but were not slower at running than pregnant oviparous females. In addition, we found a parity mode‐specific effect of reproductive investment; producing larger clutches was costlier for the locomotor performance of viviparous females for reasons other than the mass increase. Locomotor costs were found to be intermediate in hybrid females, indicating that they are specific to each reproductive mode. Our study shows that viviparous females experience an additional physical and physiological cost of pregnancy and reproductive investment. This two‐fold cost implies that viviparous females modulate resource allocation decisions and/or adjust their behavioural responses that result from locomotor impairment.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Trideuteromethyl Sulfide
Authors: Zhang Kemeng , Zhao Lin , Zhou Xinyu , Ma Yunfei , Wu Ge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe methylthio group plays a significant role in antitumor bioactive molecules, candidate drugs and natural products. Deuteration modification of drugs, which could prolong the half‐life, reduce toxicity, and enhance targeting, has become an important strategy in the development and discovery of innovative drugs. Combining the unique properties of the methylthio group with the deuteration effect, the rapid introduction of trideuteromethylthiol groups into small organic molecules is essential for advancing the research and development of deuterated drugs. With the rapid development of new trideuteromethylthiolation reagents, this review first outlines the indirect introduction of trideuteromethylthiol groups, and then discusses the direct nucleophilic, electrophilic and free radical trideuteromethylthiolation methods.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Thioamides via Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides and Boronic Acids
Authors: Mumtaz Yasir , Xiang Haonan , Khan Jahangir , Liang Shuaishuai , Yi Wenbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel and efficient one‐pot method has been developed for the synthesis of thioamides through coupling reactions between thiocarbamoyl fluorides, which are generated in situ from amines, and boronic acids. The key to the success of this transformation lies in the use of nickel a catalyst combined with PCy3 as a ligand. This innovative reaction protocol provides mild reaction conditions suitable for producing a diverse array of thioamides, and the late‐stage modification of amoxapine was successfully achieved.
On Water: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Nitrodihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones Under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Peter Raj Amalorpavadoss Antony , Ponpandian Thanasekaran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein we describe an uncatalyzed and eco‐friendly methodology for the diastereoselective synthesis of 3‐nitro dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones through an imine formation‐cyclization reaction on water medium. Water is an essential medium to effect this reaction efficiently without any catalyst. In addition, the synthesis of deuterium labelled 3‐nitrodihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones has been accomplished using this protocol. The key characteristics of this approach include catalyst free, scalable, mild reaction condition, easy isolation, and greenest solvent medium.
Cholecystectomy and digestive cancer in Chile: Complementary results from interrupted time series and aggregated data analyses
Authors: Gonzalez Constanza , García‐Pérez Alfonso , Nervi Bruno , Munoz César , Morales Erik , Losada Hector , Merino‐Pereira Gina , Rothhammer Francisco , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality in Chile is among the highest worldwide. In 2006, the Chilean government launched a programme guaranteeing access to gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy) for patients aged 35–49 years. We evaluated the impact of this programme on digestive cancer mortality. After conducting an interrupted time series analysis of hospitalisation and mortality data from 2002 to 2018 publicly available from the Chilean Department of Health Statistics and Information, we calculated the change in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder since 10 years. We then estimated age, gender, region, and calendar‐year standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) as a function of the change in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder. The cholecystectomy rate increased by 45 operations per 100,000 persons per year (95%CI 19–72) after the introduction of the health programme. Each 1% increase in the proportion of individuals without gallbladder since 10 years was associated with a 0.73% decrease in GBC mortality (95% CI −1.05% to −0.38%), but the negative correlation was limited to women, southern Chile and age over 60. We also found decreasing mortality rates for extrahepatic bile duct, liver, oesophageal and stomach cancer with increasing proportions of individuals without gallbladder. To conclude, 12 years after its inception, the Chilean cholecystectomy programme has markedly and heterogeneously changed cholecystectomy rates. Results based on aggregate data indicate a negative correlation between the proportion of individuals without gallbladder and mortality due to gallbladder and other digestive cancers, which requires validation using individual‐level longitudinal data to reduce the potential impact of ecological bias.
An integrative model for understanding cryptocurrency investment‐related behaviours: A comparison between millennials and pre‐millennials
Authors: Osakwe Christian Nedu , Ogunmokun Oluwatobi A. , Elgammal Islam , Baeva Darya , Kamneva Victoria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article adopts the value‐attitude‐behavioural (VAB) and attitude‐behaviour‐context (ABC) theoretical lenses to develop an integrative model to examine attitudinal and behavioural responses to cryptocurrency investment. It also investigates the moderating role of generational differences (pre‐millennials vs. millennials). The study showed that perceived value is closely associated with the attitude towards cryptocurrency investment which, in turn, is strongly associated with the willingness to make and recommend cryptocurrency investments. Results further reveal that contextual factors such as convertibility and sugrophobia, which reflect the fear of being duped, strongly influence individuals' willingness to recommend cryptocurrency investments to others. Finally, results indicate that generational differences play an important moderating role.
Taxonomic studies in Solanum L. 2. Two new infrageneric taxa for the subgenus Solanum
Authors: Child Alan 
Published: August 2024

Summary1. A new infrageneric taxon for Solanum, section Parasolanum Child is proposed to accommodate the well known and widely distributed weedy species S. triflorum Nutt. (the “cut leaved Nightshade”), as well as some 10–13 species of disjunct distribution in the temperate New World. Parasolanum is considered as close on the one hand to section Solanum (Morella (Dun.) Bitter), from which it differs in branching pattern, leaf shape and disposition of the inflorescence; on the other, to section Episarcophyllum Bitter, of temperate and montane southern S. America.2. Following A. T. Hunziker (1967) Solanum albescens (Bitter) Bitter ex Hunziker, as well as three other species of subalpine Bolivia and Peru are united in a taxon of sectional rank – Solanocharis (Bitter pro gen.) Child.3. An expanded description is provided for a higherto little known climber from Guyana, Solanum coriaceum Dun. Its placement in the leptostemonoid taxon, section Micracanthum Dun.) Bitter ex Marzell emend. Seithe is corfirmed.
Notes on water‐borne micromycetes in northern parts of the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Marvanová Ludmila 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThirty four species of water‐borne micromycetes are reported from northern parts of the German Democratic Republic. Ten of them are for the first time mentioned from the waters of this country. Flabellospora acuminata Descals was up to now known with certainty from the British territory only.
Über Typen und Originale tertiärer Arten von Pinus L. (Pinaceae) in mitteleuropäischen Sammlungen — Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Gattung in Europa
Authors: Mai Dieter Hans 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAus mitteleuropäischen Sammlungen wird eine Anzahl von Typen und Originalen tertiärer Pinus‐Arten zapfenmorphologisch untersucht und in infragenerische Einheiten der Gattung eingeordnet: Sect. Sula: P. petzoldii Kr., P. timleri Kink.; Sect. Halepensis: P. salinarum (Partsch) Zabl.; Sect. Pinaster: P. stroboides (Rossm.) Mai, P. engelhardtii Menz., P. platylepis Glocker, P. schnittspahnii Ludw., P. spinosa Herbst; Sect. Sylvesters, Ser. Sylvestres: P. brevis Ludw., P. nodosa Ludw., P. parabrevis Kilpper, P. schultzii Kilpper, P. urani (Ung.) Schimp., P. weylandii Kirchh.; Ser. Nigrae: P. dixoni (Bowerb.) Gardn., P. hampeana (Ung.) Heer, P. polonica Stur, P. thomasiana (Goepp.) Rchb.; Sect. Cembra: P. echinostrobus Sap.; Sect. Strahus: P. grossana Ludw., P. leitzii Kirchh., P. parastroboides Kilppkr, P. peuce Griseb. fossilis. Sie gehören zu den 21 Formenkreisen mit mindestens 40 abgrenzbaren Arten, die in einem Bestimmungsschlüssel ausgewiesen werden. Ganz allgemein zeigt sich, daß die meisten Arten im europäischen Tertiär in ihren Zapfen nicht mit heutigen Arten übereinstimmen, sondern eigene, gut definierte Arten repräsentieren, die auf eine artenreiche, endemische Entwicklung der Gattung in Europa schließen lassen. Oie Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der tertiären Kiefern Europas weisen eindeutig auf europäisch‐kanarisch‐himalaische und auf ostasiatische Artengruppen hin. Nur sehwach ist der Hinweis auf atlantisch‐nordumerikanische Formonkreise (Taeda‐Gruppe), völlig falsch aller Vergleiche mit Arten des heutigen mittelamerikanisch‐pazifischen Mannigfaltigkeitszentrums.
A cladistic analysis of Indian species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Husain Tariq , Paul S. R. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe tropical genus Ixora L. is represented by approximately 38 species in the Indian subcontinent. A cladistic analysis is attempted using the algorithm of Farris (1970), as presented by Jensen (1981) for constructing the Wagner tree. Based on the results of the Wagner tree, an evolutionary sequence of the species of Ixora and their relationships is attempted.
Study on Chenopodium Striatum Agg.
Authors: Dvořák F. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryChenopodium striatum (Krašan) I. Murr, Dt. bot. Monatsschr. 14:32, 1896 is not identical with Chenopodium strictum Roth, Novae Pl. Sp. 180, 1821. Confidence belts for the length and for the width of the seeds of types do not overlap; between the samples of the seeds of both the species there is statistically a highly significant difference in the length and width.Chenopodium strictum agg. includes tetraploid species (2n = 36) from which there have been distinguished so far: C. eustriatum Dvořák, C. glaucophyllum Aellen, C. striatum (Krašan) J. Murr, C. strictum Roth; hybrids: C. album × glaucophyllum (2n = 36), C. × praeacutum × striatum (2n = 36), C. striatum × strictum (2n = 36).
Effects of in utero benzo[a]pyrene exposure on the testis of rats during puberty and the protective effect of atorvastatin
Authors: Nurbakhsh Parmida , Rahmani Zahra , Zargari Mehryar , Mirzaei Mansoureh , Karimpour Malekshah Abbasali , Talebpour Amiri Fereshteh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a contaminant that is generated in the environment through processes such as smoke, incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, vehicle exhaust emissions, entry into the body is through inhalation, and consumption of contaminated food. It is an omnipresent environmental pollutant with unavoidable exposure. BaP metabolites are observed in the male reproductive system, especially in the testes and epididymis of animals, and are responsible for reduced testicular and epididymal function. The protective effect of atorvastatin (ATV) on testicular damage was investigated previously. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of ATV on testicular toxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) during pregnancy in Wistar rats. This experimental laboratory study involved 40 adult rats, divided into seven groups and maintained under standard environmental conditions. The groups received different diets [control, corn oil, ATV (10 mg/kg), BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg), and ATV + BaP (10 and 20 mg/kg)] at gestation Days 7–16, orally. Male offspring were examined 10 weeks after birth. Testis and serum samples were collected, and testosterone level, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Histological and immunohistochemical assays were performed under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with analysis of variance and Tukey tests to assess significant differences between groups. ATV significantly reduced MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat testes following BaP administration. Treatment with ATV at doses of 10 mg/kg increased GSH levels, correcting disruptions in the antioxidant system caused by BaP. Testosterone concentration in rats treated with ATV and BaP substantially prevented the decrease induced by BaP. Histomorphometry revealed that ATV significantly prevented the detrimental effects of BaP on the thickness of spermatogenic epithelium and the diameter of seminiferous tubules. Under ATV treatment, testicular tissue histopathology improved, and spermatogenesis returned to a almost back to normal state. Caspase‐3 expression decreased, and apoptosis activity in testicular tissue improved under ATV treatment, indicating a positive effect of ATV in reducing apoptotic damage caused by BaP. In conclusion, exposure to BaP can induce oxidative stress‐related damage to testicular tissue, as evidenced by an increase in MDA levels, which ATV treatment can mitigate. Additionally, ATV enhances intracellular antioxidant GSH and protects the testes against BaP‐induced damage while increasing testosterone levels, which are reduced due to exposure to BaP.
The inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in HaCaT keratinocytes
Authors: Herath Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini , Piao Mei Jing , Kang Kyoung Ah , Fernando Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan , Kang Hee Kyoung , Koh Young Sang , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) can cause oxidative damage and apoptosis in the human skin. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The objective of this study was to identify the ameliorating impact of CGA that might protect human HaCaT cells against PM2.5. CGA significantly scavenged the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by PM2.5, attenuated oxidative cellular/organelle damage, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and suppressed cytochrome c release into the cytosol. The application of CGA led to a reduction in the expression levels of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3, while simultaneously increasing the expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2. In addition, CGA was able to reverse the decrease in cell viability caused by PM2.5 via the inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). This effect was further confirmed by the use of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, which acted upstream of ERK. In conclusion, CGA protected keratinocytes from mitochondrial damage and apoptosis via ameliorating PM2.5‐induced oxidative stress and ERK activation.
Social platform use and psychological well‐being
Authors: Crolic Cammy , Zubcsek Peter Pal , Stephen Andrew T. , Brooks Gillian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial platforms facilitate the daily interactions of billions of people globally. Prior research generally concludes that social platforms negatively affect people's welfare. This research reopens this debate by using a robust methodology to examine the time series effects of social platform use on users' subjective well‐being, psychological well‐being, physical health, and financial security. We report a 6‐month longitudinal study of 1029 adults. Participants' daily time using social platforms on their mobile device was unobtrusively tracked and their well‐being was measured every 2 weeks. The findings suggest a small, positive effect of time spent using social platforms on both subjective well‐being and psychological well‐being (but no significant effects on physical health or financial security). Further, it is time spent using social platforms that facilitate interactions with intimate/close ties, that is correlated with positive subjective and psychological well‐being.
Arrebatos and institutionalized barriers encountered by low‐income Latino/a/x engineering students at Hispanic‐Serving Institutions (HSIs) and emerging HSIs
Authors: Escobar Cristhian Fallas , Mejia Joel Alejandro , Perez Tess 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLatinos/as/xs continue to face many barriers as they pursue engineering degrees, including remedial placement, lack of access to well‐funded schools, and high poverty rates. We use the concept of arrebatos to describe the internal reckoning that Latino/a/x engineering students experience through their journeys, particularly focusing on the impact of socioeconomic inequalities.PurposeTo bring counternarratives in engineering education research focusing on the experiences and lived realities of low‐income Latino/a/x engineering students. These counternarratives are an important step in interrogating systemic biases and exclusionary cultures, practices, and policies at HSIs and emerging HSIs and within engineering programs.MethodsPláticas were conducted with 22 Latino/a/x engineering undergraduates from four different universities in the US Southwest. These pláticas were coded and analyzed drawing from Anzaldúa's theoretical concept of el arrebato. Special attention was given to participants' arrebatos triggered by their college experiences as low‐income individuals.ResultsAnalysis indicates that Latino/a/x engineering students' arrebatos arise from events that shake up the foundation of their own identity, including an institutional lack of sociopolitical consciousness. This lack of consciousness becomes evident not only in individuals' attitudes toward these students but also in institutional policies that put them at a further disadvantage.ConclusionsFindings have implications for engineering programs, particularly at HSIs and emerging HSIs regarding the creation of policies and practices that aim to secure the retention of low‐income Latino/a/x engineering students and alleviate the systemic barrier they face by affirming the practice of servingness.
Outcomes of patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer who underwent conversion surgery after FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel chemotherapy: A multicenter retrospective cohort study (PC‐CURE‐1)
Authors: Okano Naohiro , Kawai Manabu , Ueno Makoto , Yu Xianjun , Inoue Yosuke , Takahashi Shinichiro , Wang Wenquan , Takahashi Hidenori , Okamura Yukiyasu , Morinaga Soichiro , Matsumoto Ippei , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Nara Satoshi , Tamura Jun , Shinoda Satoru , Yamamoto Kouji , Yamaue Hiroki , Furuse Junji ,   PC‐CURE‐1 study group
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of conversion surgery (CS) after FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel (GnP) chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients, between 2014 and 2018, with initially locally advanced or metastatic PC who were considered candidates for CS following FOLFIRINOX or GnP chemotherapy. They were classified into surgery (207 patients [194 resection and 13 exploratory laparotomy only]) and continued chemotherapy (10 patients, control) groups. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from the day of diagnosis of potentially curative resection on imaging studies, with an expected hazard ratio (HR) of 0.7.ResultsOS in the surgery group was longer than that in the control group (HR, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.93). The median OS was 34.4 (95% CI: 27.9–43.4) and 19.8 (95% CI: 14.9–31.1) months in the surgery and control groups, respectively. The Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ IIIa postoperative complication and in‐hospital mortality rates were 19.6% and 0.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative chemotherapy duration was not associated with OS.ConclusionsCS, following a favorable response to FOLFIRINOX or GnP chemotherapy, improved initially unresectable PC prognosis (specifically, OS), regardless of the chemotherapy duration.