bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Staircase” Glucose Stimulation of Insulin Secretion in Obesity: Measure of Beta-cell Sensitivity and Capacity
Authors: Karam John H , Grodsky Gerold M , Ching K-N , Schmid Florence , Burrill Karen , Forsham Peter H 
Published: December 2014

A special glucose infusion test was used to provide successive steplike increments of glucose stimulation in six normal-weight and seven obese subjects. This “staircase” method of glucose infusion demonstrates that insulin responds in “spike” fashion despite maintenance of a continuous, fixed, submaximal glucose stimulation. Further, the “spike” response recurs as the glucose concentration is stepped up.
Obese subjects showed an exaggeration of both the first phase “spike” pattern and the more gradual second phase of insulin release. Mathematical analysis of early phase insulin release indicates that obese persons have greater total amounts of insulin available for release at all glucose concentrations than do normals, yet the proportion of totally available insulin released to a given glucose stimulus is not increased in obesity.
These findings imply that the early phase, hyperinsulin response to glucose in obesity is due to a greater quantity of insulin available for release rather than to an increased sensitivity of the beta cell to glucose.
Diabetes in Pregnancy Panel Discussion
Authors: Duncan Garfield G , Davis M Edward , Taylor E Stewart , Palmer Lester J , White Priscilla 
Published: December 2014

Moderator Duncan: I should like to begin by asking Dr. Palmer to say a few words about the importance of the prepregnancy examination of the diabetic woman.
Dr. Palmer: I have always felt that the diabetic woman in the childbearing age should not become pregnant by accident. I believe that we can gain that objective by proper education of these women as they learn more and more about the diabetic life. From the professional standpoint, there are definitely some diabetic women who should not become pregnant. If diabetic women do become pregnant, when pregnancy is contraindicated, then we are faced with the problem of deciding on therapeutic abortion or possibly, against our better judgment, being forced to permit the pregnancy to go on with the frequent result of a miscarriage or premature stillbirth. Further damage to the diabetes without accomplishing the desired results of a pregnancy may, and often does, occur. Therefore, we try to teach diabetic women that they should electhely become pregnant; that they should use contraception until such time as they have consulted their doctors and found they are physically fit to become pregnant.
Specific Enzymatic Determination of Glucose in Blood and Urine Using Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Froesch E Rudolf , Renold Albert E , McWilliams B 
Published: December 2014

Adequate methods for the determination of glucose in biologic fluids based upon its reducing ability are well established. These methods, however, lack specificity since they will detect reducing substances other than glucose. Improved specificity has resulted from procedures designed to remove interfering reducing substances. These measures have been applied most successfully to blood and plasma.
The procedure for the precipitation of proteins introduced by Somogyi eliminates the great majority of interfering reducing substances likely to be present in blood, such as proteins, amino acids, glutathione, phosphorylated hexoses, and others. This, however, does not make it possible to distinguish glucose from other hexoses (such as fructose or galactose) or from pentoses and from such substances as glyceraldehyde. For fluids such as urine where many of the interfering reducing substances cannot be removed by available technics the need for a specific determination is obvious. Fermentation, formation of osazones, and chromatography have proved their usefulness, but being rather cumbersome and difficult to quantitate, have not found access to routine laboratories.
Muller in 1928 and Coulthard and co-workers in 1942 isolated an enzyme from Aspergillus nlger and Penicillum notatum which had the unique property of specifically catalyzing the conversion of beta-glucose to gluconic acid. This enzyme, which was given the name of glucose oxidase, has been studied extensively by Bentley and Neuberger5 and by Keilin and Hartree. Glucose oxidase was shown to be a flavoprotcin with a molecular weight of 152,000 and an alloxazine-adenine dinucleotide as a prosthetic group.
What I Teach My Diabetic Patients: Panel Discussion
Authors: White Priscilla , Gates Edwin W , Holcomb Blair , Guest George M , Joslin Elliott P , Rippy Edwin L 
Published: December 2014

Moderator Priscilla White: It is obvious that, without new therapeutic discoveries, the better prognosis for the diabetic patient today depends upon his greater self-knowledge of this disorder. Therefore, the subject of our panel concerns the teaching of diabetic patients.
The panel members, coming as they do from all sections of the country, should give us the teaching goals of the entire United States. Their qualifications are well known to this audience. The teaching experience of this panel exceeds two centuries. From these experts, we should learn the subjects and the technics which they have found to be successful in maintaining their diabetic patients in the most nearly normal state. Beginning with our problems, as we meet them in the patients, let us question our panel.
Dr. Rippy, how do you indoctrinate the new diabetic, especially the adult, shocked with the diagnosis of a chronic disorder?
Mechanical-Stress Analytical Modeling for the Design of Coils in Power Applications
Authors: Bellan D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Modern electrical-power systems are often exploited for transmitting high-frequency carrier signals for communications purposes. Series-connected air-core coils represent the fundamental component allowing such applications by providing a proper filtering in the frequency domain. They must be designed, however, to withstand also the line short-circuit current. When a high-magnitude current flows through a coil, strong mechanical stresses are produced within the conductor, leading to possible damage of the coil. In this paper, an approximate analytical model is derived for the relationship between the maximum mechanical stress and the electrical/geometrical parameters of the coil. Such a model provides the guidelines for a fast and safe coil design, whereas numerical simulations are only needed for the design refinement. The presented approach can be extended to other applications such as, for example, the mechanical stress resulting from the inrush currents in the coils of power transformers.
FEM Analysis of Magnetic Field and Forces in Area ARC Fault of Autotransformer HV Winding
Authors: Koteras Dariusz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper the electric arc fault in the high voltage winding turn of the power autotransformer has been investigated. 3D magnetic field distributions in the leakage domain and electrodynamic forces acting on high voltage winding have been calculated. Finite Element Method was used for the magnetic flux density simulation. The elctrodynamic force value under the fault exceed significantly the nominal mechanical stresses of the winding.
Searching for An Optimal Switched Reluctance Motor Design
Authors: Jażdżyński Wiesław , Majchrowicz Michał 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An approach helpful when developing an optimized construction of a 6/4 type switched reluctance motor (SRM) is described in the paper. The analytical modeling procedure, based on the reluctance network method and analytical solution of an ordinary differential equation, enables applying a gradient optimization routine and better control of optimization process. The model allows for estimation of the efficiency, torque, and acoustic noise of the motor taking into account the magnetic non-linearity and the control algorithm to keep a constant input power. A bicriterial optimization routine has been applied to find optimal constructions. Eleven geometric and winding parameters are supposed to be the optimization quantities. Analyzed constructions – the initial one and the optimized ones, were validated by means of FEM calculations. The proposed approach can be employed in designing the SRM to be a drive motor in an electrical vehicle, at least as a first attempt.
„Dimitrie Brandza” Botanic Garden, Potential Centre for the Dispersal of Invasive Plants?
Authors: Nagodă Eugenia , Comănescu Petronela , Anastasiu Paulina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Botanic gardens are important centres for the conservation of plant diversity, but at the same time they can be responsible for plant invasions. As such it is paramount that botanic gardens evaluate their collections of exotic plants, monitor them and seek to minimise the risk of some species becoming invasive. In this context an evaluation of the collection of woody plants in the „Dimitrie Brandza” Botanic Garden, Bucharest, Romania was carried out, and it was established that although there are over 70 species with invasive potential, these do not represent a source of dispersal as the botanic garden is surrounded by artificial habitats undergoing regular maintenance. Nevertheless, indirectly, the Botanic Garden might have contributed to the process of invasion of some species as over the years it has offered vegetal material of plants known as invasive in international exchanges with other botanic gardens and even to the general public for private gardens.
Neophytes In Protected Areas. Case Study: The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Anastasiu Paulina , Negrean Gavril , Daniela Smarandache , Liţescu Sanda , Basnou Corina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Danube Delta is a relatively young territory, formed about 14,000 years ago. It has quadruple status: Biosphere Reserve, Ramsar site, UNESCO World Heritage site, Natura 2000 site. Water and human activities are the most important factors influencing the flora of this area, including the penetration and spread of alien plants. The main goal of our research in this area was to inventory the alien plants and to identify those species which are invasive and potentially invasive in the natural and semi-natural ecosystems in order to propose measures for their prevention and mitigation. An inventory of these plants, conducted between 2009 and 2012 and based on bibliography and field research, comprises over 160 taxa. About half of them originated from America and less than a quarter of them from Asia. A relatively high number of species have unknown status in the Danube Delta; they were reported only from one or two localities and we did not record them during our extensive field work. In this category we also included some taxa of Xanthium without a very clear taxonomy. The taxa recorded as casual are usually ornamental plants escaped from cultivation; however among them there are some species which are known as invasive in other areas of Romania, as well as in Europe. There are 26 naturalised species, two of which established here over one hundred years ago. 37 invasive species were identified, many of them recorded in natural or seminatural places. In order to prevent and mitigate the spread of plants recognised as invasive, we propose the implementation of some measures such as providing relevant information to local communities and raising awareness about the damages caused by the alien species, and promoting further research on alien plant species in this protected area.
On the Monotonicity Property for the Sequence of Stancu Type Polynomials
Authors: Miclăuş Dan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This note presents the proof of the monotonicity property for the sequence of Stancu type polynomials, involving divided differences and convex functions. As an application we get the form of remainder term associated to the Stancu type operators applying the Popoviciu’s Theorem.
Tourist Intensity in Capital Cities in Central Europe: Comparative Analysis of Tourism in Prague, Vienna and Budapest
Authors: Dumbrovská Veronika , Fialová Dana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Urban tourism has become a significant phenomenon of tourism over the last decade. the importance of urban tourism has grown mainly due to the development of transport and information technologies. rapid advancement of low cost airlines and reduction of administrative barriers owing to the expansion of the schengen area caused not only the development of a number of urban destinations, including Prague, but also the growth of new source markets. this paper compares the development of urban tourism in Prague with the situation in Vienna and Budapest in the last decade. the aim of the paper is to describe the main trends of tourism development and the geographic distribution of tourism in Prague in comparison with culturally and historically similar cities - Vienna and Budapest. the analysis shows high load of tourism in Prague and its strong concentration in the old city. this causes congestion in the city centre and an extrusion of residential functions by the functions of tourism. As a result, a tourism ghetto has been formed in the centre of Prague and the urban society has been increasingly dualized.
Differentiation of the Demand for the Hunting Tourism in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kroupová Šárka , Navrátil Josef , Pícha Kamil , Hasman Milan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the world scale, there are various forms of how the hunting tourism is carried out. there is a considerably specific situation in the czech republic originating in the historical development. the assessment of the diversification of the demand for tourist activities was chosen to be the aim of this article. this assessment is based on a questionnaire survey among tourism participants who consume the specific products of the hunting tourism in the tourist regions of Bohemian Forest and south Bohemia. A guided tour in a game enclosure with a professional commentary and wildlife observation showed to be the most interesting offer. the most important thing is the identification of five main segments of demand called “ordinary” gamekeeper's hunting, “occasional” gamekeeper's hunting, angling activities, hunting without the killing and complementary activities. the differences among the latter five segments were identified in the representation of respondents as far as their gender and their membership in a community of anglers or gamekeepers are concerned.
Successful Salvage Resection of Locoregional Colon Cancer Recurrence. Report of Four Cases
Authors: Emmanouilides C. , Karampola M. , Efthymiadis Ch. , Fotiadis P. , Tzeveleki J. , Basdanis G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Locoregional colorectal cancer recurrence after curative resection remains a clinical problem despite improvements in surgical techniques. A surgical approach is usually preferred, although controversies exist. Retrospective studies have identified risk factors that may predict successful outcomes after reoperation. In the current manuscript, the experience of our tertiary oncology center involving cases with complicated locoregional recurrences is reported. Four such patients were identified, age 55-69 years old, who were treated with an aggressive surgical intervention in the setting of multimodality treatment including postoperative chemotherapy and radiation. Despite the presence of risk factors, such as involvement of adjacent structures, an excellent disease-free survival was achieved. We, therefore, propose that aggressive surgical approach supported by modern chemotherapy and occasionally radiotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer locoregional relapses should be considered in the setting of a multidisciplinary oncologic evaluation.
Nationalistic, Religious and Civil Components of Identity in Post-Soviet Georgia
Authors: Chelidze Ana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Deep economic and democratic changes in Georgian society in last 20 years have conditioned the transformation of social environment in such a way that people had to change their views on society and their place in the new social environment. Changing attitudes on social reality affected and transformed the whole system of social identity. Transformation processes were characterized with reduced trust and tolerance among people and different social groups and with increase/weakening of different aspects of basic identities. Difficulties emerging from the process of formation of identity system hinder the development integration processes in the society. For the society in transition in the conditions of normative uncertainty and devaluation of values actuality of such problems as are the lack of trust on every level of relationship and disorientation of people, is of high importance. Our starting issue is that nowadays in the framework of construction of social identity basic identity encompasses civil, national, confessional, ideological elements which determine the state of a person in the system of social coordinates. The subject of this sociological research was to study the role of religion and ethnicity in the modern configuration of identity in Georgian society.
Application of Computer Modeling for Planning Plastic Surgeries
Authors: Jamrozik Klaudia , Rusek Jakub , Szozda Dominik , Karbowski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the application results of reverse engineering technology for planning the plastic surgery. First step is digitalization of the patient body. It is realized by 3D structured light scanner. The scanning data are transferred into 3dsMax software and used for planning plastic surgery. The planning effect is shown using stereoscopy visualization method.
A Qualitative Approach for Assessing Resiliency in Supply Chains
Authors: Nikookar Hassan , Takala Josu , Sahebi Daniel , Kantola Jussi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a comprehensive and competitive management system to enhance resilience capability of supply chains. In addition, the study aims to identify and eliminate barriers affecting resilience by identifying the factors may cause trouble in the near future. The theoretical framework was established to summarize the significant finding in the area of resilient supply chain and as a guideline for the empirical part. A qualitative approach based on multi criteria decision making process has been adopted in order to gather data through in-depth interviews. The developed method to evaluate resilience capability through supply chains piloted in a sample of five companies involved in an automotive supply chain.
Simulation of Production Lines in the Education of Engineers: How to Choose the Right Software?
Authors: Rostkowska Marta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The article discusses the problems of modeling and simulation in the design of production lines, mainly from an educator's perspective. Nowadays, there is a wide range of computer programs that can be used to design production lines and to simulate various aspects of their operation. However, the programs being available vary considerably as to their functionality, the approach to production system design, and the visualization tools. Therefore we demonstrate and evaluate in this paper four simulation programs, focusing on the easiness of system design, area of the possible applications in education of engineers, and the limitations imposed by versions dedicated for students. We evaluate three of programs for digital factory simulation on a common, simple assembly task, then demonstrate that these programs may be also used for more specialized simulations in various areas of production, and compare with a specialized program for simulation of robotised production lines and work cells.
Methods for Stimulating Creativity in Production Engineering
Authors: Wasilewska Barbara , Knosala Ryszard 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The article presents possibilities of using fields of creative problem solving in engineering issues. Fields associated with so-called advanced creativity allow to combine stimulation of creativity with seeking innovative solutions. The article introduces stages leading to creative ideas as shown by two case studies of studied companies. The authors, in line with their research activity, highlighted the merits of forming creative sessions and creative teams in the company.
Extension of solid immersion lens technology to super-resolution Raman microscopy
Authors: Ostertag Edwin , Lorenz Anita , Rebner Karsten , Kessler Rudolf W. , Meixner Alfred J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractScanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) has developed during recent decades into a valuable tool to optically image the surface topology of materials with super-resolution. With aperture-based SNOM systems, the resolution scales with the size of the aperture, but also limits the sensitivity of the detection and thus the application for spectroscopic techniques like Raman SNOM. In this paper we report the extension of solid immersion lens (SIL) technology to Raman SNOM. The hemispherical SIL with a tip on the bottom acts as an apertureless dielectric nanoprobe for simultaneously acquiring topographic and spectroscopic information. The SIL is placed between the sample and the microscope objective of a confocal Raman microscope. The lateral resolution in the Raman mode is validated with a cross section of a semiconductor layer system and, at approximately 180 nm, is beyond the classical diffraction limit of Abbe.
Synergistic extraction of Cr(VI) from Ni(II) and Co(II) by flat sheet supported liquid membranes using TIOA and TBP as carriers
Authors: Eyupoglu Volkan , Surucu Ahmet , Kunduracioglu Ahmet 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In present study, the synergistic separation of Cr(VI) has been investigated from synthetic acidic solution containing Cr(VI), Co(II) and Ni(II) by fl at sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) technique using triisooctylamine (TIOA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as carriers. The main goal of the study was based in the exploring of the synergistic effect of TBP on selective extraction of Cr(VI) in presence of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. The various parameters related with membrane and aqueous solution properties were studied to identify the optimum extraction and stripping conditions of the Cr(VI) through FSSLM. In the optimum conditions, initial mass flux (J0) and separation factors (βCr/Co and βCr/Ni) were obtained as 1.49 x 10-05 (kg/m2.s), 382.2 and 725.3 respectively from aqueous H2SO4 media through Celgard 2500 (Celgard Inc., USA) polymer support. As a result, the considerable synergistic infl uence on selective transport of Cr(VI) through FSSLM using TIOA and TBP as carriers has been identifi ed.