bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baroclinic Transport Time Series of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Measured in Drake Passage
Authors: Chidichimo María Paz , Donohue Kathleen A. , Watts D. Randolph , Tracey Karen L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The first multiyear continuous time series of Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) baroclinic transport through Drake Passage measured by moored observations is presented. From 2007 to 2011, 19 current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders and 3 current-meter moorings were deployed in Drake Passage to monitor the transport during the cDrake experiment. Full-depth ACC baroclinic transport relative to the bottom has a mean strength of 127.7 ± 1.0 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) with a standard deviation of 8.1 Sv. Mean annual baroclinic transport is remarkably steady. About 65% of the baroclinic transport variance is associated with time periods shorter than 60 days with peaks at 20 and 55 days. Nearly 28% of apparent energy in the spectrum computed from transport subsampled at the 10-day repeat cycle of the Jason altimeter results from aliasing of high-frequency signals. Approximately 80% of the total baroclinic transport is carried by the Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front. Partitioning the baroclinic transport among neutral density γn layers gives 39.2 Sv for Subantarctic Surface Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water (γn &lt; 27.5 kg m−3), 57.5 Sv for Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (27.5 &lt; γn &lt; 28.0 kg m−3), 27.7 Sv for Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (28.0 &lt; γn &lt; 28.2 kg m−3), and 3.3 Sv for Antarctic Bottom Water (γn &gt; 28.2 kg m−3). The transport standard deviation in these layers decreases with depth (4.0, 3.1, 2.1, and 1.1 Sv, respectively). The transport associated with each of these water masses is statistically steady. The ACC baroclinic transport exhibits considerable variability and is a major contributor to total ACC transport variability.
The Role of a Polar/Subtropical Jet Superposition in the May 2010 Nashville Flood
Authors: Winters Andrew C. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Contributions to the increased poleward moisture flux that characterized the second day of the 1–3 May Nashville, Tennessee, flood of 2010 are examined from the perspective of polar and subtropical jet superposition and its influence on the secondary ageostrophic circulation. Employing the Sawyer–Eliassen circulation equation, the analysis reveals that the poleward moisture flux attributed to the jet increased nearly 120% prior to the second day of the event in response to the superposed jet’s ageostrophic circulation, helping to further fuel the production of heavy rainfall. The full Sawyer–Eliassen circulation associated with the superposed jet is further partitioned into its geostrophic and diabatic components. The geostrophic forcing drove midtropospheric ascent that fueled the production of deep convection and the record rainfall. The diabatic component, through forcing lower-tropospheric ascent and vigorous lower-tropospheric poleward moisture flux, provided the link between the tropical moisture and the deep convective environment. Since superposed jets, by their nature, develop on the poleward edge of the tropical or subtropical air, it is suggested that such a mutually reinforcing interaction between these two component forcings of the secondary circulation may routinely characterize the involvement of superposed jet structures in high-impact weather events.
Matrix algorithms for solving the generalized coupled Sylvester and periodic coupled matrix equations
Authors: Hajarian Masoud 
Published: April 2014

This paper is concerned with numerical solutions to the generalized coupled Sylvester matrix equations [Formula: see text] and the periodic coupled matrix equations [Formula: see text] which have many applications in several areas, such as control theory, stability theory, signal processing and perturbation analysis. By extending the bi-conjugate gradients (Bi-CG) and bi-conjugate residual (Bi-CR) methods, we obtain effective iterative algorithms for finding the solutions of the generalized coupled Sylvester and periodic coupled matrix equations. In order to compare these new algorithms with some existing methods, we present some numerical examples.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health-Related Quality of Life among Participants with Self-Reported Diabetes from NHANES 2001-2010
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ferguson T. Freeman , Simonsen Neal , Chen Liwei , Tseng Tung-Sung 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the racial/ethnic disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with self-reported diabetes and identify the different risk factors related to HRQOL for specific racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010 participants (ages 20 years and older) who were self-identified as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, or Hispanic and with self-reported diabetes were included in the analysis (n = 2594). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HRQOL-4 was used to assess factors associated with HRQOL through multivariate logistic regression models with survey weighting. Stepwise model selection was applied to select the most significant factors for HRQOL in each racial/ethnic group. Results Hispanic participants were less likely to report 14 or more mentally unhealthy days and activity-limited days compared to non-Hispanic white counterparts, adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, family poverty–income ratio (PIR), body mass index, smoking status, insurance coverage, and diabetes duration. Current smoking status and obesity were significantly associated with worse HRQOL among whites and blacks. Marital status predicted better HRQOL only among Hispanics. Having insurance coverage predicted better HRQOL among both blacks and Hispanics. Increased family PIR had a favorable association with the 4 HRQOL domains consistently among all races/ethnicities. Conclusion Minimal racial/ethnic disparities in HRQOL were observed among US adults with self-reported diabetes. Support is offered for more individualized health care and communication with patients to target care and interventions that improve health and quality-of-life indicators.
Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Imaging to Treat Cam Deformities
Authors: Ross James R. , Bedi Asheesh , Stone Rebecca M. , Sibilsky Enselman Elizabeth , Leunig Michael , Kelly Bryan T. , Larson Christopher M. 
Published: April 2014

Background: In the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is the gold standard for detecting femoral head-neck junction malformations preoperatively. Intraoperative fluoroscopy is used by many surgeons to evaluate and verify adequate correction of the deformity. Purpose: (1) To compare radial reformatted computed tomography (CT) scans with 6 defined intraoperative fluoroscopic views before surgical correction to determine whether fluoroscopy could adequately depict cam deformity, and (2) to define the influence of femoral version on the clock-face location of the maximum cam deformity on these views. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A consecutive series of 50 hips (48 patients) that underwent arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic FAI by a single surgeon were analyzed. Each patient underwent a CT scan and 6 consistent intraoperative fluoroscopy views: 3 views in hip extension and 3 views in hip flexion of 50°. The alpha angles of each of the fluoroscopic images were compared with the radial reformatted CT using a 3D software program. Femoral version was also defined on CT studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test, with P < .05 defined as significant. Results: Fifty-two percent of patients were male, average age 28 years (range, 15-56 years). The maximum mean alpha angle on fluoroscopy was 65° (range, 37°-93°) and was located on the anteroposterior (AP) 30° external rotation (ER) fluoroscopy view. In comparison, the mean CT-derived maximum alpha angle was 67° and was located at 1:15 ( P = .57). The mean clock-face positions of each of the fluoroscopy views (standardized to the right hip) were AP 30° internal rotation, 11:45; AP 0° (neutral) rotation, 12:30; AP 30° ER, 1:00; flexion/0° (neutral) rotation, 1:45; flexion/40° ER, 2:15; and flexion/60° ER, 2:45. Increased femoral anteversion (>20°) was associated with a significant change in the location of the maximum alpha angle (1:45 vs 1:15; P = .002). Conclusion: The described 6 fluoroscopic views are very helpful in localization and visualization of the typical cam deformity from 11:45 to 2:45 and can be used to reliably confirm a complete intraoperative resection of cam-type deformity in most patients. These views correlate with preoperative 3D imaging and may be of even greater importance in the absence of preoperative 3D imaging.
The Safety and Efficacy of 12 Versus 24 Hours of Tirofiban Infusion in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Topcu Selim , Karal Huseyin , Kaya Ahmet , Bakirci Eftal Murat , Tanboga Ibrahim Halil , Kurt Mustafa , Aksakal Enbiya , Acikel Mahmut , Sevimli Serdar 
Published: April 2014

Aim: We aimed to investigate the 6-month efficacy and safety of postprocedural 12-hour tirofiban administration versus 24-hour tirofiban administration in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 349 patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. Following the administration of bolus tirofiban after primary PCI, those receiving a 12-hour tirofiban infusion as the maintenance dose were classified as group 1 (n = 123) while those receiving a 24-hour infusion were classified as group 2 (n = 226). In-hospital and 6-month major adverse cardiac events were recorded. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups regarding in-hospital efficacy (in-hospital death: 4.4% vs 5.7%, P = .600 and stent thrombosis 1.8% vs 1.6%, P = .921) and in-hospital safety (2.6% vs 1.6% for major bleeding and 5.3% vs 4.1% for minor bleeding, P = .562). During the 6-month follow-up period, the incidence of the recurrent revascularization (16.1% vs 15.5%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 [0.47-3.67]), the repeated nonfatal acute coronary syndrome and/or stent thrombosis (27% vs 24.4%, P = .598, OR = 1.02 [0.42-2.48]), and the cardiovascular deaths (6.6% vs 6.5%, P = .943, OR = 1.03 [0.43-2.43]) were comparable between group 1 and group 2. Conclusion: Our study revealed that 12-hour tirofiban administration versus 24-hour tirofiban administration in STEMI who underwent primary PCI was similar with respect to in-hospital efficacy and safety and major adverse cardiac events during 6-month follow-up.
Resuscitative Thoracotomy: An Update
Authors: Rabinovici R. , Bugaev N. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Resuscitative thoracotomy is a heroic procedure that may offer the only survival hope for trauma patients in extremis. However, this operation has been the subject of much debate and its use, feasibility, outcomes, and cost are being continuously re-evaluated. Methods: This is a review of the most current (after 2000) literature on resuscitative thoracotomy, based on computer database searches for studies on resuscitative thoracotomy, emergency department thoracotomy, and emergency thoracotomy. Studies were selected for inclusion in this review based on their relevance and contribution to our understanding of resuscitative thoracotomy. Results: A total of 37 studies were included, and the following resuscitative thoracotomy–related topics were critically discussed: indications, biochemical profile, long-term outcome, organ donation, pre-hospital use, military use, international aspects, intra-aortic balloon occlusion, suspended animation, and cost and occupational exposure. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that the indications for resuscitative thoracotomy become clearer and that new information is available regarding its use in the pre-hospital urban environment and military settings. Furthermore, it points to new strategies to supplement resuscitative thoracotomy including intra-aortic balloon occlusion and suspended animation. Finally, it sheds light on the long-term outcomes, organ donation, and cost and occupational exposure following resuscitative thoracotomy.
Completeness and correctness of cholecystectomy data in a national register—gallriks
Authors: Rystedt J. , Montgomery A. , Persson G. 
Published: April 2014

Background and Aims: To validate the Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) concerning completeness and correctness of entered data for cholecystectomies and evaluating the effect of repeated audits. It is crucial for any register to obtain a high accuracy in order to be a credible and reliable source for quality evaluation, research, and development. Materials and Methods: Completeness was determined by cross-matching the register with the Swedish National Patient Register. Completeness and overall correctness were assessed by comparing registered data to medical records. Correctness for rare occasions, such as bile duct injuries, was evaluated by comparing with claims sent to the Swedish Patient Insurance. Results: Of 64,538 cholecystectomies, 82.9% of the operations were registered in GallRiks and the coverage increased over time. By random sample, 94,919 sets of data were available for comparison at the first and second audit and the entries were found to be correct in 97.2% and 98.2% cases, respectively. A 100% correctness for bile duct injuries ( n = 40) was seen when the index-operation was registered in GallRiks. Conclusion: GallRiks demonstrates high completeness, high correctness of entered data, and no indications of failure to report serious adverse events. Repeated audits increased the quality of registered data. GallRiks may be used for clinical evaluation on local and national level and the database enables scientific studies to be performed.
A Decade of Advances in Military Trauma Care
Authors: Glassberg E. , Nadler R. , Erlich T. , Klien Y. , Kreiss Y. , Kluger Y. 
Published: April 2014

Background: While combat casualty care shares many key concepts with civilian trauma systems, its unique features mandate certain practices that are distinct from the civilian ones. Methods: This is a review of the most current literature on combat casualty care, based on computer database searches for studies on combat casualty care and military medicine. Studies were selected for inclusion in this review based on their relevance and contribution. Results: Over the last decade, meticulous, international data collection and research efforts have led to significant improvements in military trauma care. Combat medicine has focused on the causes of preventable deaths and targeted on bleeding control and resuscitation strategies, as well as improved evacuation. En route care and forward surgical interventions have resulted in unprecedented low fatality rates and the saving of more lives. Conclusion: This overview of the developments in combat casualty care in recent years emphasizes medical practices that are characteristic of combat medicine, yet with the potential to save lives in other scenarios, as well.
Post–Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreaticography complications in liver transplanted patients, a single-center experience
Authors: Ambrus R. B. , Svendsen L. B. , Hillingsø J. G. , Hansen M. L. , Achiam M. P. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Complications in the biliary tract occur in 5%−30% after liver transplantation and the main part of the complications is successfully managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP). The incidence and risk factors for post-ERCP complications in liver transplantation patients are not well described. Our objective was to define the frequency of post-ERCP complications in liver transplantation patients at the Abdominal Center, Rigshospitalet, the only Liver Transplantation Center in Denmark. Methods: Retrospective study of all ERCPs performed in liver transplantation patients during a 9-year period. Results: A total of 292 ERCPs were included. Overall post-ERCP complications occurred in 24 procedures (8.2%): pancreatitis in 8 (2.7%), bleeding in 5 (1.7%), and cholangitis in 13 (4.5%) procedures. Simultaneous pancreatitis and cholangitis, and simultaneous bleeding and cholangitis occurred after two procedures, respectively. Multivariate analysis concerning overall complications identified biliary sphincterotomy ( p = 0.006) and time since liver transplantation within 90 days postoperatively ( p = 0.044) as risk factors for post-ERCP complications. Specifically concerning post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), it was found that pre-ERCP cholangitis was another independent risk factor for PEP ( p = 0.026). Stent in the biliary tract prior to ERCP seemed to be protective ( p = 0.041). Conclusions: Complications were of surprisingly mild degree. The rates of post-ERCP complications in our study were in line with previous studies with liver transplantation patients. Cholangitis prior to ERCP may be another risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis.
MicroRNA-155 inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Yang Li-xia , Liu Gao , Zhu Guo-fu , Liu Hong , Guo Rui-wei , Qi Feng , Zou Ji-hong 
Published: April 2014

Background: MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a multifunctional signal microRNA that participates in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is involved in physiological and pathological processes in different cell types. Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the effect of miR-155 on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced primary mice vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Methods: Primary cultured VSMCs from the aorta of C57/BL6 mice were incubated with Ang II and miR-155. Cells were counted using CCK-8 and EdU, and flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression was performed. Angiotensin II 1 type receptor (AT1R) gene and protein expression were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: 1) Ang II increased the viability of VSMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 2) miR-155 opposed the Ang II-induced increase in VSMC viability. 3) miR-155 inhibited Ang II-induced proliferation of VSMCs. 4) miR-155 increased the number of VSMCs in the G1 phase compared to G2 and M cell cycle phases. 5) miR-155 decreased ATR1 gene and protein expression. Conclusion: miR-155 downregulation of Ang II-induced VSMC viability identifies it as an important regulator of cell proliferation.
Treatment with aliskiren ameliorates tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Harbi Naif O , Imam Faisal , Al-Harbi Mohammed M , Iqbal Muzaffar , Nadeem Ahmed , Al-Shahrah Othman A , Korashy Hesham M , Al-Hosaini Khalid A , Ahmed Mukhtar , Bahashwar Saleh 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Tacrolimus is frequently used as immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation but its clinical use is limited due to its marked nephrotoxicity. Materials and methods: Male Wistar albino rats weighing 150–200 g (10–12 weeks old) were used. Animals were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control group and received normal saline, group 2 served as toxic group and received 2 mg/kg tacrolimus i.p., group 3 served as treatment group and received 2 mg/kg tacrolimus i.p. followed by 2 mg/kg aliskiren orally and group 4 served as drug per se group and received 2 mg/kg aliskiren orally. Tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity was assessed biochemically and histopathologically. Results: Treatment with aliskiren decreased the tacrolimus-induced changes in biochemical markers of nephrotoxicity such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Aliskiren also attenuated the effects of tacrolimus on oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed that aliskiren attenuated tacrolimus-induced renal damage. Conclusion: These results suggest that aliskiren has protective effects against tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity; implying that renin inhibitor may counteract nephrotic syndrome associated with immunosuppressant use.
Psychometric Properties of the Dependence Scale in Large Randomized Clinical Trials of Patients With Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wyrwich Kathleen W. , Auguste Priscilla , Buchanan Jacqui , Rudell Katja , Lacey Loretto , Leibman Christopher , Symonds Tara , Brashear H. Robert 
Published: April 2014

Objective: The need for assistance from others is a hallmark concern in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The psychometric properties of the Dependence Scale (DS) for measuring treatment benefit were investigated in large randomized clinical trials of patients with mild to moderate AD. Methods: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the DS were examined. Path models appraised relationships and distinctiveness of key AD measures. The responder definition was empirically derived. Results: Generally acceptable reliability (α ≥ .65), significant ( P < .001) known-groups tests, and moderate to strong correlations ( r ≥ .31) confirmed the DS psychometric properties. Path models supported relationships and distinctiveness of key AD measures. A DS change of ≤1 point for patients with limited home care and ≤2 points for patients with assisted living care best described stability of the level of dependence on caregivers. Conclusion: The DS is a psychometrically robust measure in mild to moderate AD. The empirically derived responder definition aids in the interpretation of DS change.
Microphysiological modeling of the reproductive tract: A fertile endeavor
Authors: Eddie Sharon L , Kim J Julie , Woodruff Teresa K , Burdette Joanna E 
Published: April 2014

Preclinical toxicity testing in animal models is a cornerstone of the drug development process, yet it is often unable to predict adverse effects and tolerability issues in human subjects. Species-specific responses to investigational drugs have led researchers to utilize human tissues and cells to better estimate human toxicity. Unfortunately, human cell-derived models are imperfect because toxicity is assessed in isolation, removed from the normal physiologic microenvironment. Microphysiological modeling often referred to as ‘organ-on-a-chip’ or ‘human-on-a-chip’ places human tissue into a microfluidic system that mimics the complexity of human in vivo physiology, thereby allowing for toxicity testing on several cell types, tissues, and organs within a more biologically relevant environment. Here we describe important concepts when developing a repro-on-a-chip model. The development of female and male reproductive microfluidic systems is critical to sex-based in vitro toxicity and drug testing. This review addresses the biological and physiological aspects of the male and female reproductive systems in vivo and what should be considered when designing a microphysiological human-on-a-chip model. Additionally, interactions between the reproductive tract and other systems are explored, focusing on the impact of factors and hormones produced by the reproductive tract and disease pathophysiology.