bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akt regulates glutamate receptor trafficking and postsynaptic membrane elaboration at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Gwan , Zhao Na , Campion Bridget K. , Nguyen Michelle M. , Selleck Scott B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe Akt family of serine‐threonine kinases integrates a myriad of signals governing cell proliferation, apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. Akt affects neuronal morphology and function, influencing dendrite growth and the expression of ion channels. Akt is also an integral element of PI3Kinase‐target of rapamycin (TOR)‐Rheb signaling, a pathway that affects synapse assembly in both vertebrates and Drosophila. Our recent findings demonstrated that disruption of this pathway in Drosophila is responsible for a number of neurodevelopmental deficits that may also affect phenotypes associated with tuberous sclerosis complex, a disorder resulting from mutations compromising the TSC1/TSC2 complex, an inhibitor of TOR (Dimitroff et al., 2012). Therefore, we examined the role of Akt in the assembly and physiological function of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a glutamatergic synapse that displays developmental and activity‐dependent plasticity. The single Drosophila Akt family member, Akt1 selectively altered the postsynaptic targeting of one glutamate receptor subunit, GluRIIA, and was required for the expansion of a specialized postsynaptic membrane compartment, the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR). Several lines of evidence indicated that Akt1 influences SSR assembly by regulation of Gtaxin, a Drosophila t‐SNARE protein (Gorczyca et al., 2007) in a manner independent of the mislocalization of GluRIIA. Our findings show that Akt1 governs two critical elements of synapse development, neurotransmitter receptor localization, and postsynaptic membrane elaboration. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 723–743, 2013
Water temperature, not fish morph, determines parasite infections of sympatric Icelandic threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Karvonen Anssi , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Skúlason Skúli , Lanki Maiju , Rellstab Christian , Jokela Jukka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractParasite communities of fishes are known to respond directly to the abiotic environment of the host, for example, to water quality and water temperature. Biotic factors are also important as they affect the exposure profile through heterogeneities in parasite distribution in the environment. Parasites in a particular environment may pose a strong selection on fish. For example, ecological differences in selection by parasites have been hypothesized to facilitate evolutionary differentiation of freshwater fish morphs specializing on different food types. However, as parasites may also respond directly to abiotic environment the parasite risk does not depend only on biotic features of the host environment. It is possible that different morphs experience specific selection gradients by parasites but it is not clear how consistent the selection is when abiotic factors change. We examined parasite pressure in sympatric morphs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across a temperature gradient in two large Icelandic lakes, Myvatn and Thingvallavatn. Habitat‐specific temperature gradients in these lakes are opposite. Myvatn lava rock morph lives in a warm environment, while the mud morph lives in the cold. In Thingvallavatn, the lava rock morph lives in a cold environment and the mud morph in a warm habitat. We found more parasites in fish living in higher temperature in both lakes, independent of the fish morph, and this pattern was similar for the two dominating parasite taxa, trematodes and cestodes. However, at the same time, we also found higher parasite abundance in a third morph living in deep cold–water habitat in Thingvallavatn compared to the cold‐water lava morph, indicating strong effect of habitat‐specific biotic factors. Our results suggest complex interactions between water temperature and biotic factors in determining the parasite community structure, a pattern that may have implications for differentiation of stickleback morphs.
New Dynamic Self‐Consistent Mathematical Model and Torque Characteristics of Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors with Magnetic Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a new dynamic mathematical model of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with magnetic cross‐coupling and presents a new analysis of the torque characteristics of the motors. Generally speaking, dynamic mathematical models used for the design and analysis of PMSM control systems must consist of three basic equations that describe the main motor characteristics as an electrical circuit, torque generator, and electromechanical energy converter. In order to obtain reasonably compact models, some characteristics have to be approximated. However, in the case where the approximations used in the three basic equations are different from each other, the dynamic mathematical model often loses self‐consistency and becomes self‐contradictory. The proposed model, which takes the magnetic cross‐coupling into account, is self‐consistent and compact, and its effectiveness is validated by experimental data. Using the self‐consistency and compactness, this study presents a new analysis of the torque characteristics of PMSMs, focusing on efficient torque generation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 42–55, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22382
Benzoylthiourea–Pyrrolidine as Another Bifunctional Organocatalyst: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone to Nitroolefins
Authors: Ban Shu‐rong , Zhu Xi‐xia , Zhang Zhi‐ping , Xie Hong‐yu , Li Qing‐shan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAsymmetric Michael addition of cyclohexanone to nitrostyrenes in the presence of organocatalyst 1 (10 mol‐%) and 2,4‐dichlorobenzoic acid (10 mol‐%) afforded the corresponding synthetically valuable γ‐nitroketones in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr) and high enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) under mild conditions.
SRSF1 and SRSF9 RNA binding proteins promote Wnt signalling‐mediated tumorigenesis by enhancing β‐catenin biosynthesis
Authors: Fu Yu , Huang Binlu , Shi Zhen , Han Jiayu , Wang Ying , Huangfu Jieqiong , Wu Wei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signalling is widely implicated in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The key event in Wnt signalling activation is β‐catenin accumulation, which is controlled by both its production and degradation. However, much more emphasis has been placed on the understanding of its degradation. Here, we show that the synthesis of β‐catenin protein, which requires a group of serine/arginine‐rich splicing factors (SRSF), also contributes to its tumorigenic activity. Overexpression of SRSF1 and SRSF9 promote β‐catenin accumulation via the recruitment of β‐catenin mRNA and by enhancing its translation in an mTOR‐dependent manner. We further demonstrate that, like SRSF1, SRSF9 is also an oncogene, and is frequently overexpressed in multiple types of human tumours. Finally, our results suggest that promoting degradation and blocking production of β‐catenin synergistically reduce β‐catenin levels under pathological conditions and that a combinational therapy could be a promising approach for the treatment of cancer patients.
Resolution of inflammation: an integrated view
Authors: Ortega‐Gómez Almudena , Perretti Mauro , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResolution of inflammation is a coordinated and active process aimed at restoration of tissue integrity and function. This review integrates the key molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution. We describe how abrogation of chemokine signalling blocks continued neutrophil tissue infiltration and how apoptotic neutrophils attract monocytes and macrophages to induce their clearance. Uptake of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages reprograms macrophages towards a resolving phenotype, a key event to restore tissue homeostasis. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential that derives from understanding the mechanisms of resolution.
Putting the capital ‘A’ in CoCoRAHS: an experimental programme to measure albedo using the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network
Authors: Burakowski Elizabeth , Wake Cameron P. , Dibb Jack E. , Stampone Mary 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow (CoCoRaHS) Network is a community‐based network of weather observers and the largest provider of daily precipitation observations in the USA. In this study, we embrace the CoCoRaHS mission to use low‐cost measurement tools, provide training and education, and utilize an interactive website to create the first volunteer snow albedo network to collect high‐quality albedo data for research and education applications. We trained a sub‐set of 18 CoCoRaHS observers in the state of New Hampshire to collect albedo, snow depth, and snow density between 23 November 2011 and 15 March 2012. At less than $700 per observer, CoCoRAHS data measured using an Apogee MP‐200 pyranometer fall within ±0.05 of albedo values collected from a Kipp and Zonen CMA6 at local solar noon. CoCoRAHS values range from 0.99 for fresh snow to 0.34 for shallow, aged snow. Snow‐free albedo ranges from 0.09 to 0.39, depending on the underlying ground cover. In the 2011/2012 dataset, albedo increases logarithmically with snow depth and decreases linearly with snow density. The latter relationship is inferred to be a proxy for increasing snow grain size as snowpack ages and compacts, supported by spectral albedo measurements collected with an Analytical Spectral Devices FieldSpec 4 spectrometer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated synthesis and purification of [18F]fluoro‐[di‐deutero]methyl tosylate
Authors: Beyerlein Friederike , Piel Markus , Höhnemann Sabine , Rösch Frank 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAutomated synthetic procedures of [18F]fluoro‐[di‐deutero]methyl tosylate on a GE TRACERlab FX F‐N module and a non‐commercial synthesis module have been developed. The syntheses included azeotropic drying of the [18F]fluoride, nucleophilic 18F‐fluorination of bis(tosyloxy)‐[di‐deutero]methane, HPLC purification and subsequent formulation of the synthesized [18F]fluoro‐[di‐deutero]methyl tosylate (d2‐[18F]FMT) in organic solvents. Automation shortened the total synthesis time to 50 min, resulting in an average radiochemical yield of about 50% and high radiochemical purity (>98%). The possible application of this procedure to commercially available synthesis modules might be of significance for the production of deuterated 18F‐fluoromethylated imaging probes in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canine body composition quantification using 3 tesla fat–water MRI
Authors: Gifford Aliya , Kullberg Joel , Berglund Johan , Malmberg Filip , Coate Katie C. , Williams Phillip E. , Cherrington Alan D. , Avison Malcolm J. , Welch E. Brian 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo test the hypothesis that a whole‐body fat–water MRI (FWMRI) protocol acquired at 3 Tesla combined with semi‐automated image analysis techniques enables precise volume and mass quantification of adipose, lean, and bone tissue depots that agree with static scale mass and scale mass changes in the context of a longitudinal study of large‐breed dogs placed on an obesogenic high‐fat, high‐fructose diet.Materials and MethodsSix healthy adult male dogs were scanned twice, at weeks 0 (baseline) and 4, of the dietary regiment. FWMRI‐derived volumes of adipose tissue (total, visceral, and subcutaneous), lean tissue, and cortical bone were quantified using a semi‐automated approach. Volumes were converted to masses using published tissue densities.ResultsFWMRI‐derived total mass corresponds with scale mass with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.931 (95% confidence interval = [0.813, 0.975]), and slope and intercept values of 1.12 and −2.23 kg, respectively. Visceral, subcutaneous and total adipose tissue masses increased significantly from weeks 0 to 4, while neither cortical bone nor lean tissue masses changed significantly. This is evidenced by a mean percent change of 70.2% for visceral, 67.0% for subcutaneous, and 67.1% for total adipose tissue.ConclusionFWMRI can precisely quantify and map body composition with respect to adipose, lean, and bone tissue depots. The described approach provides a valuable tool to examine the role of distinct tissue depots in an established animal model of human metabolic disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:485–491. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mortality and major morbidity after tonsillectomy
Authors: Goldman Julie L. , Baugh Reginald F. , Davies Louise , Skinner Margaret L. , Stachler Robert J. , Brereton Jean , Eisenberg Lee D. , Roberson David W. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: April 2013

Objective/HypothesisTo report data on death or permanent disability after tonsillectomy.Study DesignElectronic mail survey.MethodsA 32‐question survey was disseminated via the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery electronic newsletter. Recipients were queried regarding adverse events after tonsillectomy, capturing demographic data, risk factors, and detailed descriptions. Events were classified using a hierarchical taxonomy.ResultsA group of 552 respondents reported 51 instances of post‐tonsillectomy mortality, and four instances of anoxic brain injury. These events occurred in 38 children (71%), 15 adults (25%), and two patients of unstated age (4%). The events were classified as related to medication (22%), pulmonary/cardiorespiratory factors (20%), hemorrhage (16%), perioperative events (7%), progression of underlying disease (5%), or unexplained (31%). Of unexplained events, all but one occurred outside the hospital. One or more comorbidities were identified in 58% of patients, most often neurologic impairment (24%), obesity (18%), or cardiopulmonary compromise (15%). A preoperative diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was not associated with increased risk of death or anoxic brain injury. Most events (55%) occurred within the first 2 postoperative days. Otolaryngologists who reported performing <200 tonsillectomies per year were more likely to report an event (P < .001).ConclusionsThis study, the largest collection of original reports of post‐tonsillectomy mortality to date, found that events unrelated to bleeding accounted for a preponderance of deaths and anoxic brain injury. Further research is needed to establish best practices for patient admission, monitoring, and pain management. Laryngoscope, 123:2544–2553, 2013Level of EvidenceN/A.
Concordance of BAI and BMI with DXA in the Newfoundland Population
Authors: Sun Guang , Cahill Farrell , Gulliver Wayne , Yi Yanqing , Xie Yagang , Bridger Tracey , Pace David , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground:Body adiposity index (BAI), indirect method proposed to predict adiposity, was developed using Mexican Americans and very little data are available regarding its validation in Caucasian populations to date.Objective:The study objectives were to validate the BAI with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) body fat percentage (%BF), taking into consideration the gender and adiposity status.Design and Methods:A total of 2,601 subjects (Male 662, Female 1939) from our Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland population: Environment and Genetics (CODING) study participated in this investigation. Pearson correlations, with the entire cohort along with men and women separately, were used to compare the correlation of both BAI and BMI with %BF. Additionally, the concordance between BAI and BMI with %BF were also performed among normal‐weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) groups. Adiposity status was determined by the Bray Criteria according to DXA %BF.Results:BAI performs better than BMI in our Caucasian population by: (1) reflecting the gender difference in total %BF between women and men, (2) correlating better with DXA %BF than BMI when women and men are combined, and (3) performing better in NW and OW subjects for both the sexes. However, BAI performs less effectively than BMI in OB men and women.Conclusion:In summary, the BAI method is a better estimate of adiposity than BMI in non‐OB subjects in our Caucasian population. A measurement sensitive to the changes in adiposity for both men and women is suggested to be incorporated into the present BAI equation to increase accuracy.
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and biological variables related to weight loss in native hawaiians and other pacific islanders
Authors: Kaholokula Joseph Keawe‘aimoku , Townsend Claire K.M. , Ige Arlene , Sinclair Ka‘imi A. , Mau Marjorie K. , Leake Anne , Palakiko Donna‐Marie , Yoshimura Sheryl R. , Kekauoha Puni , Hughes Claire 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHs/PIs) have a high obesity prevalence compared to other ethnic groups. We examined socio‐demographic, behavioral, and biological factors related to ≥3% weight loss in 100 overweight/obese NHs/PIs who completed a lifestyle intervention.Design and Methods:Data were from 56 Native Hawaiians, 22 Chuukese, and 22 Other Pacific Islanders who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Partnership for Improving Lifestyle Intervention (PILI) 'Ohana Project. All completed a 3‐month weight loss program (WLP) to initiate weight loss and were then randomized into either a 6‐month family/community focused WLP called the PILI Lifestyle Program (PLP; n = 49) or a standard behavior WLP (SBP; n = 51). We collected baseline, 3‐ and 9‐month follow‐up data on socio‐demographics, weight (kg), a 6‐min. walk test, dietary fat, exercise frequency, and blood pressure.Results and Conclusion:Based on ANCOVA or logistic fit, ethnicity, sex, initial weight loss, fat in diet at baseline, change in systolic blood pressure, and intervention type were significantly associated (P ≤ .05) with ≥3% weight loss at 9‐month follow‐up. A logistic regression model indicated that Chuukese (OR = 6.04; CI = 1.14–32.17) and participants who had more weight loss in the first 3‐months (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.22–1.86) and who were in the PLP (OR = 4.50; CI = 1.50–15.14) were more likely to achieve ≥3% weight loss [model; χ2 (7, N = 100) = 45.50, P < .0001]. The same lifestyle intervention does not benefit all NHs/PIs equally, possibly due to differences in acculturation status and social support. The findings also point to the importance of initial weight loss to sustain motivation toward long‐term weight loss maintenance.
Psychosocial predictors of 4‐year BMI change in overweight and obese children in primary care
Authors: Incledon Emily , Gerner Bibi , Hay Margaret , Brennan Leah , Wake Melissa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine whether (1) initial and/or (2) changes in psychosocial functioning predict body mass index (BMI) z‐score change over 4 years in overweight/mildly obese 5‐ to 9‐year old children presenting to primary care.Design and Methods:Eligible participants (n = 258) were overweight/mildly obese children (IOTF criteria) recruited into the LEAP2 trial (ISRCTN52511065) from 3,958 children visiting general practitioners in Melbourne, Australia from May 2005 to July 2006. Predictors were change scores calculated from repeated measures of parent‐ and child‐reported child health‐related quality of life (PedsQL) and self‐esteem; child‐reported desire to be thinner; and parent‐reported child weight concern. Outcome was measured BMI z‐score change from baseline to 4 years.Results:The 189 respondents (61% female; 73% retention) showed little mean change in BMI z‐score (−0.08) but wide variation (standard deviation 0.50, range −1.32 to 1.20). Only one baseline measure (better parent‐reported PedsQL School Functioning) predicted improving BMI z‐score. However, parents and children consistently reported that changes in psychosocial functioning (i.e., PedsQL Social and Global Self‐esteem) were inversely related to BMI z‐score change scores. The strongest predictors of decreases in BMI z‐scores were changes in child‐reported body‐image variables, i.e., improvements in Physical Appearance Self‐esteem (β =0.40, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.15, P < 0.01) and declines in Desire to be Thinner (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.23, P < 0.01).Conclusions:At presentation to primary care, it seems unlikely that targeting the psychosocial factors measured in this study would influence BMI z‐score change in overweight/mildly obese children. Subsequent change in psychosocial well‐being covaries with BMI z‐score change and may have important adolescent ramifications; the causal directions for these associations require further research.
Differences in motivations and weight loss behaviors in young adults and older adults in the national weight control registry
Authors: LaRose Jessica Gokee , Leahey Tricia M. , Hill James O. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:The goal of this study was to compare young adults (YA) and older adults (OA) in the National Weight Control Registry on motivations for weight loss and weight‐loss behaviors.Design and Methods:Participants (n = 2,964, 82% female, 94% White, BMI = 24.8 ± 4.4) were divided into two age groups (18‐35 vs. 36‐50) and compared on motivations, strategies for weight loss, diet, physical activity (PA), and the three‐factor eating questionnaire.Results:YA were 28.6% of the sample (n = 848). YA and OA achieved similar weight losses (P = 0.38), but duration of maintenance was less in YA (43 vs. 58 months, P < 0.001). YA were more likely to cite appearance and social motivations for weight loss, were less motivated by health, and were less likely to report a medical trigger for weight loss (P's < 0.001). YA were more likely to use exercise classes and to lose weight on their own, and less likely to use a commercial program (P's < 0.001). YA reported engaging in more high‐intensity PA (P = 0.001). There were no group differences in total calories consumed (P = 0.47), or percent calories from fat (P = 0.97), alcohol (P = 0.52), or sugar‐sweetened beverages (P = 0.26).Conclusions:YA successful weight losers (SWL) are motivated more by appearance and social influences than OA, and physical activity appears to play an important role in their weight‐loss efforts. The differences reported by YA and OA SWL should be considered when developing weight‐loss programs for YA.