bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future
Authors: Duncan G A 
Published: November 2012

The Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa was formed on 26th September 1999 as the result of the union of the black Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa and the white-dominated Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa. Various unsuccessful attempts had been made since the latter part of the nineteenth century to effect union. In the spirit of national euphoria which surrounded the first democratic elections in South Africa in1994, the Reformed Presbyterian Church initiated union discussions with the Presbyterian Church. The subsequent union was based on what are now considered to be inadequate preparations and many unresolved problems have emerged to test the witness of the new denomination, not the least of which is racism. At its 2002 General Assembly, as the result of what appeared to be a financial crisis, the Uniting Presbyterian Church appointed a Special Committee on Reformation was established to investigate the problems in the denomination and to bring proposals for dealing with these issues.
Die wetenskaplike onderbou van DieBybel@kinders.co.za
Authors: Stander H.F. 
Published: November 2012

One of the latest translations of the Bible in Afrikaans is DieBybel@kinders.co.za. The target group of this Bible is kids. Since this is a children’s Bible, the scientific basis of this project is often overlooked. In this article the translational and semantic principles underlying this Bible are discussed. Valuable experience is being shared with other scholars. It is done in order to equip people who want to undertake similar projects in the future. The need for similar projects in the other official languages of South Africa is also emphasized.
Gebruik van twee tale in die Daniëlboek
Authors: Nel Marius 
Published: November 2012

The Book of Daniel is characterized by a change of language, from Hebrew to Aramaic to Hebrew (in Dan 2:4b to Aramaic and in Dan 8:1 to Hebrew). What caused the change from the ‘sacred’ to a ‘heathen’ language and back? Does the change of language implicate something about the date of origin of the tales (Dan 1-6) and visions (Dan 7-12)? The rabbinical answer to the question and the results of modern research into the book are being investigated. The words “in Aramaic” (in Dan 2:4a) was probably a mistake made by a later scribe when he incorporated a note from the margin into the Biblical text that was used to warn the reader that the language changes at this point. The result is that the text now reads as if the wise men answer the king, who speaks Hebrew, in Aramaic. This leaves the necessary room to speculate that the use of the two languages may have something to do with the process in which the tradition was handed down to the second century writer or redactor of the book.
Violence and hatred in Psalm 137: The psalm in its ancient social context
Authors: Steenkamp Y 
Published: November 2012

Psalm 137 has become notorious for the brutality and bloodthirstiness that characterise its last verses. In the face of many past criticisms which rejected the Old Testament as a book of violence, both Christians and Jews need to take texts such as Psalm 137 seriously and interpret them against the social and cultural customs of their time. Before Psalm 137 can be judged against the ethical norms of modern societies, the text must first be understood in its ancient context. The aim of this paper is to show that a better understanding of the socio-cultural background of the Psalm may enhance our understanding of vv. 7-9, as well as of the Psalm as a whole. The hypothesis is that the social values of honour and shame feature so prominently in the Psalm that they form a key to the interpretation of the poem.
AGS-pastore se belewenis van hulle teologiese opleiding
Authors: Mar Leonard P 
Published: November 2012

Theological training is in a crisis worldwide. Although the role that Theological Seminaries have fulfilled is acknowledged, there is a growing concern about the ability of these institutions to serve the upcoming generations of Christian leaders. Some warn they may not be well tailored for our post-modern age. Many people feel that the Seminary as an institution is in danger of extinction due to irrelevancy. Seminaries, in general, are perceived as not connecting to the needs of today’ s church. The Auckland Park Theological Seminary (ATS), whose training is the subject of this research, is not excluded from this concern of the Church for relevant theological training. Many pastors of the AFM of SA are of the opinion that the training offered at the ATS does not effectively train pastors for the ministry. The purpose of this article is to investigate and describe how pastors who studied at the ATS experienced their theological training, as well as to offer guidelines to the Church and the ATS to develop a more effective model for theological training.
Publieke Pastorale Leiers 2: Roeping, Werwing, Keuring, Opleiding, Ordening
Authors: Nel Malan 
Published: November 2012

In the first article it was attempted to provide insight into the corporate nature of being called to ministry. The article also tried to discern what the specifics of the ministry of the public pastoral leader were. Equally important what I call in this article the teleological core of theological education. I want to build upon the concepts established in the first article. I explore the contributions of a number of well-known scholars who devoted much of their research to this field: Schner , Farley, Wood, Hough and Cobb, Heitink, Van der Ven and others. The ultimate issue is that there is some consensus about the telos of theological education. It is phrased differently and the different dimensions are indeed complementary. Concepts like ‘vision and discernment’, ‘critical reflection’ ‘reflective practitioner’, ‘hermeneutical-communicative competence’ and others are being discussed as it relate to the core research problem as described in article number 1. In this article I also explore the implications of the departure points for the praxis of recruiting, screening and training of future public pastoral leaders. The article points towards necessary changes that need to take place to get the local church involved in recruitment and screening - taking it serious that ‘we’ are all in the ministry. It also describes how a few churches are managing the process. In doing this, the place of the denominational community of churches is also emphasized and described.
Boekresensies/Book reviews
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: November 2012

Hahn, Ferdinand, Theologie des Neuen Testaments. 2 Bande.Witherington, Ben III (with Darlene Hyatt), Paul’ s Letter to the Romans.Zangenberg, Jürgen & Labahn, Michael (eds), Christians as a Religious Minority in a Multicultural City. Modes of Interaction and Identity Formation in Early Imperial Rome
Augustine and manichaeism: new discoveries, new perspectives
Authors: Van Oort H 
Published: November 2012

The subject ‘Augustine and Manichaeism’ is a very extensive one. In this article the author confines himself to some main lines and argues that the subject is of central importance in the history of Christianity He shows how the theology of the most important Western Church Father was influenced by Manichaeism and suggests that without Manichaeism Western theology cannot really be comprehended.
Die Ou Testament en/in die kerk van Jesus Christus?
Authors: Snyman SD 
Published: November 2012

The question raised in this contribution is suggested in the title: Should the place of the Old Testament be regarded as outside of, over against and thus not really part of the church or should the Old Testament be regarded as in the church as part of the canon of scriptures together with the New Testament. A historical overview is given to illustrate a movement in the interpretation of the Old Testament that started initially as a christological interpretation but developed in a more theological appreciation of the Old Testament. It is further indicated that the emphasis in both the exegesis and theology of the Old Testament is on the Old Testament's own theological integrity. Therefore there is no pressing need for a christological interpretation of the Old Testament as if that would be the one and only valid way of reading the Old Testament.
Philippians 4:1-9 from a rhetorical perspective
Authors: Snyman AH 
Published: November 2012

The aim of this article is to analyse Philippians 4:1-9 from a rhetorical perspective that differs from the typical approach of researchers, who tend to force ancient rhetorical categories on the letter . Using a text-centred approach, it is argued that the dominant rhetorical strategy in this section could be described as: “Urging the Philippians to live the gospel”. The section is divided into three phases, namely 4:1 (commanding the Philippians to stand firm for the sake of the gospel); 4:2-3 (calling on certain individuals to be united in their work for the gospel); and 4:1-9 (commanding the Philippians to practise certain key characteristics of the Christian life). The section and its phases are demarcated by rhetorical considerations. In analysing the rhetorical strategies and techniques in 4:1-9 the focus is on the way Paul argues, on the type of arguments he uses and on the rhetorical techniques that could enhance the impact of his communication. All these strategies and techniques serve to persuade the Philippians to live the gospel, in response to a situation where they were experiencing serious problems and were tempted to abandon their struggle.
Geloofsverskille: waar kom hulle vandaan en wat maak ons met hulle?
Authors: Jordaan WJ 
Published: November 2012

In this article about the origin of differences in faith and how we can/should deal with them, the article explores the extent to which language may guide or misguide our reflections about God as mystery, and how differences in faith become embedded in the nature and dynamics of religious discourse; both external and internal. Such discourses are then linked to four phases of faith which emerge in various permutations and combinations; are recursively linked; and together attest to faith as a journey and not as a fixed destination. These phases are: blind gullibility and stultification; conflict and doubt; outsidership; and a sense of wonder/fundamental trust. Focussing on the latter faith “position” the author then explores how our talk about God can be guided by what the philosopher Paul van Buren calls the “edges of language” – where the word God serves as the final speech act when one wants deperately to say the most that is possible. Various examples from literature, the arts and Scripture are supplied to elucidate the edges of language and how these may retain connections with traditional/convential religious language utterances and the various phases of faith. Finally, the article explores the deeper meaning of commitment and which would allow the respectful accommodation of all such commitments.
L'Intendant Bigot de Marmette
Authors: Le Moine Roger 
Published: November 2012

Les auteurs de romans historiques québécois du XIXe siècle qui situent leur intrigue au XVIIIe ont rarement reconstitué le contexte de la période. L’étude de la production montre assez bien que seuls s’y essaient ceux qui, comme le Marmette de L'Intendant Bigot, contestent leur propre milieu. Tandis que ceux qui l’agréent ne tiennent pas à s’en dégager ; ils tentent plutôt de l’imposer avec ses valeurs.
Le goupillon, le maillet et la censure du théâtre lyrique à Montréal (1840-1914)
Authors: Barrière Mireille 
Published: November 2012

Au XIXe siècle et au début du siècle suivant, le clergé québécois combat le théâtre dans son ensemble. Pour ce qui concerne le théâtre lyrique, que ce soit le genre sérieux comme l’opéra ou le répertoire plus populaire comme l’opérette, il subit lui aussi les foudres des évêques de Montréal. D’une condamnation générale à l’époque de Mgr Ignace Bourget, la répression épiscopale évoluera vers la mise au ban d’oeuvres bien précises sous Mgr Paul Bruchési. Impuissante à détourner les fidèles des théâtres, en dépit de fréquentes et énergiques dénonciations, l’Église agira plus efficacement sur les décideurs et les pouvoirs publics, ce qui lui permettra d’enregistrer quelques victoires intéressantes. Cependant, l’unanimité autour de l’Église catholique a du plomb dans l’aile, puisque les fidèles, et même une certaine portion du clergé, bravent ses interdits.
Engagement and retention in care of patients diagnosed with HIV infection and enrolled in the Modena HIV Surveillance Cohort
Authors: Lazzaretti C , Borghi V , Franceschini E , Guaraldi G , Mussini C 
Published: November 2012

Engagment and retention in care is one of the main aspects not only for the prognosis of the single patient, but also for the treatment as prevention strategy. American data showed a percentage of engagement in care ranging between 50 and 59%. Aim of our study was to evaluate the engagement in care after diagnosis and the percentage of viral load suppression in an Italian Public Health System. A retrospective study was conducted in the Modena HIV Surveillance Cohort, which includes all HIV test performed at the Laboratory of Virology of Modena. All new HIV infections diagnosed in subjects older than 17 years and resident in the province of Modena between January 1996 and December 2011 were included. Subjects were classified as currently in care (IC) if followed until June 2011, and lost to follow‐up (LF) if their last visit was recorded more than one year before June 2011. 962 subjects, 638 males (66.3%), had an HIV diagnosis during the study period. 71 (7.4%) were not linked to care, 891 were linked to care (92.6%) and 96 (10.8) of them died during the study period. In the 15 years, 625 out of 795 prevalent patients (excluding dead) (78.6%) were IC and 170 (21.4%) were LF. As June 2011, 570 patients were on antiretroviral treatment and 516 (90.5%) of them had an undetectable HIV RNA. At univariate analysis LF were younger than IC (median 32 vs 36 years; p<0.001); more frequently had a foreign origin (49.4% vs 30.6%; p<0.001) and were drug users (17.1% vs 7.0%; P<0.001). Determinants to be a LF, by using a multivariate model, were: age (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94‐0.99; p≤0.001), foreign origin (OR 3.45; 95% CI 2.24–5.33; p<0.001); while, being MSM vs drug user (p=0.001), heterosexual vs drug users (p<0.001) and having received an HIV diagnosis in more recent years, i.e. 2006–2011 vs 1996–2000 (p<0.001) were good predictors to be a IC. Considering the all prevalence, 962 subjects, the percentage of subject receiving antiretroviral treatment was 71.7% and that of those with an undetectable HIV RNA was 64.9%.imageIn conclusion, in a public health system setting, the percentage of patients not engaged in care or lost to follow‐up could be lower than in other situations as the American one. Nevertheless, if we consider the strategy of treatment as prevention, there is still a lot to do, especially following the patients for a long period.
Quantifying Industry Spending on Promotional Events Using Open Payments Data
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Held Fabian , MacIsaac Meghan , Baugh Christine M. , Campbell Eric G. , Bero Lisa 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSponsorship of promotional events for health professionals is a key facet of marketing campaigns for pharmaceuticals and medical devices; however, there appears to be limited transparency regarding the scope and scale of this spending.ObjectiveTo develop a novel method for describing the scope and quantifying the spending by US pharmaceutical and medical companies on industry-sponsored promotional events for particular products.Design and SettingThis was a cross-sectional study using records from the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid’s Open Payments database on payments made to prescribing clinicians from January 1 to December 21, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAn event-centric approach was used to define sponsored events as groupings of payment records with matching variables. Events were characterized by value (coffee, lunch, dinner, or banquet) and number of attendees (small vs large). To test the method, the number of and total spending for each type of event across professional groups were calculated and used to identify the top 10 products related to dinner events. To validate the method, we extracted all event details advertised on the websites of 4 state-level nurse practitioner associations that regularly hosted industry-sponsored dinner events during 2022 and compared these with events identified in the Open Payments database.ResultsA total of 1 154 806 events sponsored by pharmaceutical and medical device companies were identified for 2022. Of these, 1 151 351 (99.7%) had fewer than 20 attendees, and 922 214 (80.0%) were considered to be a lunch ($10-$30 per person). Seven companies sponsored 16 031 dinners for the top 10 products. Of the 227 sponsored in-person dinner events hosted by the 4 state-level nurse practitioner associations, 168 (74.0%) matched events constructed from the Open Payments dataset.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings indicate that an event-centric analysis of Open Payments data is a valid method to understand the scope and quantify spending by pharmaceutical and medical device companies on industry-sponsored promotional events attended by prescribers. Expanding and enforcing the reporting requirements to cover all payments to all registered health professionals would improve the accuracy of estimates of the true extent of all sponsored events and their impact on clinical practice.
Prospective Validation of a Prediction Model for the Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Jin David X. , Lacson Ronilda , Eskian Mahsa , McNabb-Baltar Julia , Banks Peter A. , Kayden Stephanie R. , Raja Ali S. , Khorasani Ramin 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceWhile most patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) fulfill diagnostic criteria with characteristic abdominal pain and serum lipase levels of at least 3 times the upper limit of normal (reference range) at presentation, early imaging is often used for confirmation. A prior prediction model and corresponding point-based score were developed using nonimaging parameters to diagnose AP in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the prediction model to diagnose AP in a prospective patient cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective diagnostic study included consecutive adult patients presenting to the ED between January 1, 2020, and March 9, 2021, at 2 large academic medical centers in the northeastern US with serum lipase levels at least 3 times the upper limit of normal. Patients transferred from outside institutions or with malignant disease and established intra-abdominal metastases, acute trauma, or altered mentation were excluded. Data were analyzed from October 15 to October 23, 2023.ExposuresParticipants were assigned scores for initial serum lipase level, number of prior AP episodes, prior cholelithiasis, abdominal surgery within 2 months, presence of epigastric pain, pain of worsening severity, duration from pain onset to presentation, and pain level at ED presentation.Main Outcome and MeasuresA final diagnosis of AP, established by expert review of hospitalization records.ResultsProspective scores in 349 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.0 [18.8] years; 184 women [52.7%]; 66 Black [18.9%]; 199 White [57.0%]) demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.91. A score of at least 6 points achieved highest accuracy (F score, 82.0), corresponding to a sensitivity of 81.5%, specificity of 85.9%, positive predictive value of 82.6%, and negative predictive value of 85.1% for AP diagnosis. Early computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed more often in participants predicted to have AP (116 of 155 [74.8%] with a score ≥6 vs 111 of 194 [57.2%] with a score &amp;lt;6; P &amp;lt; .001). Early imaging revealed an alternative diagnosis in 8 of 116 participants (6.9%) with scores of at least 6 points, 1 of 93 (1.1%) with scores of at least 7 points, and 1 of 73 (1.4%) with scores of at least 8 points.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicenter diagnostic study, the prediction model demonstrated excellent AP diagnostic accuracy. Its application may be used to avoid unnecessary confirmatory imaging.
Heritability of Body Mass Index Among Familial Generations
Authors: Chodick Gabriel , Simchoni Maya , Jensen Britt Wang , Derazne Estela , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Landau Regev , Abramovich Alon , Afek Arnon , Baker Jennifer Lyn , Twig Gilad 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceStudies on the familial effects of body mass index (BMI) status have yielded a wide range of data on its heritability.ObjectiveTo assess the heritability of obesity by measuring the association between the BMIs of fathers, mothers, and their offspring at the same age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from population-wide mandatory medical screening before compulsory military service in Israel. The study included participants examined between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 2018, whose both parents had their BMI measurement taken at their own prerecruitment evaluation in the past. Data analysis was performed from May to December 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSpearman correlation coefficients were calculated for offsprings’ BMI and their mothers’, fathers’, and midparental BMI percentile (the mean of the mothers’ and fathers’ BMI cohort- and sex-specific BMI percentile) to estimate heritability. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of obesity compared with healthy BMI, according to parental BMI status.ResultsA total of 447 883 offspring (235 105 male [52.5%]; mean [SD] age, 17.09 [0.34] years) with both parents enrolled and measured for BMI at 17 years of age were enrolled in the study, yielding a total study population of 1 343 649 individuals. Overall, the correlation between midparental BMI percentile at 17 years of age and the offspring’s BMI at 17 years of age was moderate (ρ = 0.386). Among female offspring, maternal-offspring BMI correlation (ρ = 0.329) was somewhat higher than the paternal-offspring BMI correlation (ρ = 0.266). Among trios in which both parents had a healthy BMI, the prevalence of overweight or obesity in offspring was 15.4%; this proportion increased to 76.6% when both parents had obesity and decreased to 3.3% when both parents had severe underweight. Compared with healthy weight, maternal (OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 4.63-5.32), paternal (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 4.26-4.72), and parental (OR, 6.44; 95% CI, 6.22-6.67) obesity (midparent BMI in the ≥95th percentile) at 17 years of age were associated with increased odds of obesity among offspring.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of military enrollees whose parents also underwent prerecruitment evaluations, the observed correlation between midparental and offspring BMI, coupled with a calculated narrow-sense heritability of 39%, suggested a substantive contribution of genetic factors to BMI variation at 17 years of age.
Peisistratos (Pisistratus)
Authors: Lavelle Brian M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Peisistratos (ca. 605/600
bce
– 528/527
bce
) was tyrant at Athens continuously from 547/46
bce
until his death. His rule quietened the chronic
stasis
that plagued Athens and further stimulated an economic and cultural flourishing that continued under his sons Hipparchos and Hippias. Although the Athenians of the fifth century
bce
regarded the tyranny negatively and that negativity impacted the record of the regime in our sources, positive memories of Peisistratos and his sons survived to suggest that the Athenians regarded the Peisistratid era with some ambiguity.