bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Binary Formation from Three Initially Unbound Bodies
Authors: Atallah Dany , Weatherford Newlin C. , Trani Alessandro A. , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We explore three-body binary formation (3BBF), the formation of a bound system via gravitational scattering of three initially unbound bodies (3UB), using direct numerical integrations. For the first time, we consider systems with unequal masses, as well as finite-size and post-Newtonian effects. Our analytically derived encounter rates and numerical scattering results reproduce the 3BBF rate predicted by Goodman & Hut for hard binaries in dense star clusters. We find that 3BBF occurs overwhelmingly through nonresonant encounters and that the two most-massive bodies are never the most likely to bind. Instead, 3BBF favors pairing the two least-massive bodies (for wide binaries) or the most- plus least-massive bodies (for hard binaries). 3BBF overwhelmingly favors wide-binary formation with superthermal eccentricities, perhaps helping to explain the eccentric wide binaries observed by Gaia. Hard-binary formation is far rarer, but with a thermal eccentricity distribution. The semimajor axis distribution scales cumulatively as a
3 for hard and slightly wider binaries. Although mergers are rare between black holes when including relativistic effects, direct collisions occur frequently between main-sequence stars—more often than hard 3BBF. Yet, these collisions do not significantly suppress hard 3BBF at the low-velocity dispersions typical of open or globular clusters. Energy dissipation through gravitational radiation leads to a small probability of a bound, hierarchical triple system forming directly from 3UB.
The Impact of Anisotropic Sky Sampling on the Hubble Constant in Numerical Relativity
Authors: Macpherson Hayley J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the impact of nearby inhomogeneities on an observer’s inference of the Hubble constant. Large-scale structures induce a dependence of cosmological parameters on observer position as well as an anisotropic variance of those parameters across an observer’s sky. While the former has been explored quite thoroughly, the latter has not. Incomplete sampling of an anisotropic sky could introduce a bias in our cosmological inference if we assume an isotropic expansion law. In this work, we use numerical relativity simulations of large-scale structure combined with ray tracing to produce synthetic catalogs mimicking the low-redshift Pantheon supernova (SN) data set. Our data contain all general-relativistic contributions to fluctuations in the distances and redshifts along geodesics in the simulation. We use these synthetic observations to constrain H
0 for a set of randomly positioned observers. We study both the dependence on observer position as well as the impact of rotating the sample of SNe on the observer’s sky. We find a 1%–2% variance in H
0 between observers when they use an isotropic sample of objects. However, we find the inferred value of H
0 can change by up to 3%–6% when observers simply rotate their Pantheon data set on the sky. While the variances we find are below the level of the “Hubble tension,” our results may suggest a reduction in the significance of the tension if anisotropy of expansion can be correctly accounted for.
Observational Evidence for Magnetic Field Amplification in SN 1006
Authors: Tao Moeri , Kataoka Jun , Tanaka Takaaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report the first observational evidence for magnetic field amplification in the northeast/southwest (NE/SW) shells of supernova remnant SN 1006, one of the most promising sites of cosmic ray acceleration. In previous studies, the strength of magnetic fields in these shells was estimated to be B
SED ≃ 25 μG from the spectral energy distribution, where the synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons accounted for radio to X-rays, along with the inverse Compton emission extending from the GeV to TeV energy bands. However, the analysis of broadband radio data, ranging from 1.37 to 100 GHz, indicated that the radio spectrum steepened from α
1 = 0.52 ± 0.02 to α
2 = 1.34 ± 0.21 by Δα = 0.85 ± 0.21. This is naturally interpreted as a cooling break under a strong magnetic field of B
brk ≥ 2 mG. Moreover, the high-resolution MeerKAT image indicated that the width of the radio NE/SW shells was broader than that of the X-ray shell by a factor of only 3−20, as measured by Chandra. Such narrow radio shells can be naturally explained if the magnetic field responsible for the radio emissions is B
R ≥ 2 mG. Assuming that the magnetic field is locally enhanced by a factor of approximately a = 100 along the NE/SW shells, we argue that the filling factor, which is the volume ratio of such a magnetically enhanced region to that of the entire shell, must be as low as approximately k = 2.5 × 10−5.
Radio Recombination Line Observations toward the Fermi Bubble
Authors: Luisi Matteo , Krishnarao Dhanesh , Butterfield Natalie O. , Anderson Loren D. , Salas Pedro , Fox Andrew J. , Lockman Felix J. , Benjamin Robert A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We use Green Bank Telescope radio recombination line (RRL) observations to constrain the morphology of warm ionized gas in the Fermi Bubble. Our limits on hydrogen RRL emission allow us to constrain the emission measure of the ionized gas and to estimate the beam filling factor of previous Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper observations. Our results indicate that the warm ionized gas on the Fermi Bubble boundary spans at least 1000 pc2 with a depth of less than a pc, suggesting either a sheet-like structure or a structure consisting of many small clumps. Our data will enable us to properly calibrate future Hα observations and aid in calculating the Lyman continuum flux needed to maintain the ionized gas.
Les inégalités sociales à l’école,en parler sans démobiliser : articuler sociologie et psychologie sociale
Authors: Duru-Bellat Marie 
Published: July 2024

Alors que la sociologie se targue volontiers de « défataliser », selon l’expression de Bourdieu et Passeron, la présentation de ses résultats est souvent démobilisatrice tant le déterminisme apparaît écrasant. Pour déjouer ce risque, le sociologue peut certes pointer les limites de ses propres analyses, mais surtout il doit s’ouvrir aux perspectives (et aux résultats) d’autres disciplines qui éclairent la dimension « micro » des phénomènes scolaires ; c’est le cas, souvent, des sciences de l’éducation mais aussi, alors qu’elle est moins souvent mobilisée, de la psychologie sociale. L’article présente une brève synthèse de l’apport de cette discipline à la compréhension d’un ressort crucial de la reproduction des inégalités sociales à l’école, à savoir l’intériorisation de l’idéologie méritocratique.
Short-term effects of low-level PM2.5, PM10, O3, and tropical meteorological conditions on emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou, China
Authors: Peng Jichao , Chen Jun , Wu Xinxin , Qian Jin , Li Nan , Yi Yang , Huang Yue , Lu Juncai , Zhang Wenxing , Li Zhengyu , Li Zhao , Li Min , Liu Xiaoran 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City.

Methods:
Daily data on atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation, and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age.

Results:
According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99), a total of 221 913 cases were included, accounting for 21.3% of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029% (95% CI 1.016%-1.042%). Relative humidity greater than 80% reduced the risk of visits, while higher atmospheric pressure (>1 010 hpa) also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits. Higher concentrations of PM25 (30-50 μg/m3), PM10 (>60 μg/m3), and O3 (75-125 μg/m3) were associated with increased visits. Higher temperatures (>25 °C) have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years, while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure. Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration, and the effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old.

Conclusions:
Short-term exposure to high temperatures, particulate matter pollutants (PM25 and PM10), and ozone (O3) is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.
Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala in India
Authors: Garg Vinay , Garg Ankur , Garg Shubha , Jain Sudhir Kumar , Dikid Tanzin , Jain Saurabh , Manjhi Jitendra , Montresor Antonio , Goel Atul 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris (A.) lumbrìcoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry, Sundergarh and Wayanad.

Methods:
Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence, different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility. 9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included. The study was conducted in two rounds: baseline & follow up survey. All eligible children found positive for A. lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative. During post-treatment follow-up survey, eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis. Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique. Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate (CR) and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate (FECRR) among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys.

Results:
328 Out of 625 (52.5%) were found positive for A. lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples (47.8%) during post-treatment follow-up survey. Overall, the estimated CR was 52.2%. FECRR (95% CI) for albendazole was 72.6% (79.2%-66.0%). The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri [89.7% (96.8%-82.6%)], followed by Sundergarh [86.4% (95.3%-77.5%)] and Wayanad [69% (81.7%-56.4%)].

Conclusions:
Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A. lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India. However, these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.
The Effect of Inhaled Oxygen on Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mansourie Ghezelhesari Elaheh , Abdollahpour Sedigheh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Hoseini Bibi Lelila , Yas Atefeh , Hajmolarezaei Ezat , Khadivzadeh Talat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant problem that can increase the risk of maternal mortality. Previous studies investigated the effect of Inhaled Oxygen (IO) on PPH. They found some conflicting results. Thus, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of IO on PPH.

Materials and Methods:
Randomized trials were searched according to the PRISMA framework until the end of November 2022 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Statistical analyses were performed in the STATA v. 14 software. I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity between studies. The random effect model, sample size, and mean and standard deviation of each group were applied to report the pooled effect size. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, five articles were included in the meta-analysis. Two and three studies reported the mean of bleeding after vaginal delivery during one- and two-hours oxygen therapy, respectively.

Results:
Results showed that IO significantly reduced bleeding by 38.91 mL in the intervention group compared to routine care (WMD: −38.91, 95%CI: −60.18 to −17.64) after vaginal delivery. In addition, IO during one (WMD: −38.42, 95%CI: −71.62 to −5.22) and two (WMD: −41.93, 95%CI: −60.15 to − 23.71) hours significantly decreased bleeding in the intervention.

Conclusion:
According to the present study, IO can significantly reduce PPH in the intervention group compared to routine care. However, more rigorously randomized clinical trials are required to decide better about this issue.
COVID19 Vaccination Considerations for Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghafari Zahra , Khameneh Amin , Vahedi Leila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 disease. This study investigated whether pregnant women should get vaccinated against COVID-19 or not. Pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a systematic review that searched the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the keywords “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Coronavirus Disease” OR “2019-nCoV” AND “pregnancy “OR “pregnant” AND “vaccine” OR “vaccination” from January 2020 to April 2022.

Results:
Of the 37 selected studies, 15 (40.50%) declared positive views, 9 (24.30%) had inconclusive views, and 13 (35.20%) opposed vaccination due to a lack of adequate information.

Conclusions:
Despite the discrepancies among the studies, one-third of the studies suggested that pregnant women be enrolled in clinical trials to investigate the outcomes of the COVID-19 vaccination on maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the majority of the studies recommended maternal immunization against COVID-19.
Effects of Educational Program Based on Self-Esteem Enhancement on Weight Status in Obese Women
Authors: Seifrabiei Mohammad A. , Ahmadpanah Mohammad , Kazemzadeh Mohammad , Ebrahimi Sanaz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Most obese people do not have high self-esteem. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of self-esteem education on the weight status of obese women.

Methods:
This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was performed on 46 obese women (BMI >30) in Hamadan during 2021–2022. By simple convenient sampling and block randomization, the samples were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, routine lifestyle and diet recommendations were prescribed. In the intervention group, eight sessions of self-esteem training were performed specifically. In two groups BMI was measured and the Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out before and after the intervention. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 27.95 (5.02) and 30.25 (5.46) years respectively (t38 = 1.39, p = 0.17). BMI was comparable in two groups before the study (32.47 vs. 33.13 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 1.02, p = 0.31), but decreased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.38 vs. 32.90, t38 = 3.76, p = 0.001). The mean self-esteem scores of the two groups were similar at the beginning (27.10 vs. 27.60 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 0.52, p = 0.60) but increased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.10 vs. 27.35, t38 = 2.99, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that self-esteem educational programs can increase the self-esteem score and decrease BMI in obese women and should be considered as a treatment modality in these women.
Food Insecurity among Iranian Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Askari Elaheh , Raeesi Dehkordi Fatemeh , Mokhayeri Yaser , Amraei Morteza , Behzadifar Masoud , Imani-Nasab Mohammad-Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub-groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.

Materials and Methods:
This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta-regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata-16.

Results:
The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi-variable meta-regression model, p values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million.

Conclusions:
Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.
The Effect of a Happiness Education Program on the Expressed Emotion and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mohammadi Atiyeh , Ghazavi Zahra , Moghadam Malek Fereidooni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD’s Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results:
There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group’s mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group’s (44.74 (4.77)) (p < 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group’s mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group’s (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.
The Relationship Between Attitude, Belief, Experience, and Knowledge of Iranian Nurses Toward the Use of Personal Protective Equipment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Banafshi Zhina , Valiee Sina , Moradi Yousef , Vatandost Salam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground:Utilizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is pivotal in averting infection transmission to both patients and nurses. The attitude of nurses is a critical determinant in their compliance with PPE usage. This study seeks to explore the correlation between the attitudes of Iranian nurses and their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge concerning the application of PPE.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 303 nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were chosen using a quota sampling technique. Between April and June 2022, they completed self-administered questionnaires, which consisted of a Demographic Information form and a four-part questionnaire on “Attitude, Belief, Experience, Knowledge” concerning the utilization of PPE. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The multiple linear regression model was applied to investigate the relationship between attitude scores and various examined variables.Results:The findings indicated that most participants held bachelor’s degrees (93.07%), and their attitude scores toward using PPE exceeded 3.25 out of 6 for all 12 questions. Female gender, increased work experience, and higher organizational positions exhibited positive and significant associations with a favorable attitude toward PPE utilization. Conversely, the absence of training related to PPE, a lack of belief in infection control, and limited knowledge displayed negative correlations.Conclusions:Nurses have an ethical obligation to adhere to infection control guidelines, including consistently utilizing PPE, regardless of the level of infection risk or the visibility of the infection. Continuous training and regular monitoring of nurses in this context are indispensable.
The Challenges of Iranian Female Nurses Caring for Male Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alinejad Mofrad Samaneh , Nasiri Ahmad , Green Heidi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Caring is a multidimensional concept with many factors that can affect its quality such as caring for the opposite sex. This study aims to explore the experiences of Iranian female nurses caring for male patients.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted via conventional content analysis and purposeful sampling. Seventeen female nurses including staff and head nurses participated. Unstructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted from June to December 2019 in Iran. The interviews were recorded by an MP4 player. When no new codes were extracted from the interview the data saturation was achieved. All interviews were immediately transcribed verbatim and were analyzed via Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis guidelines.

Results:
Four themes emerged from the data: 1) women nurses’ concerns about caring for men, 2) women nurses’ unpleasant feelings while caring for men, 3) Ignoring women nurses’ dignity, and 4) efforts to avoid unpleasant situations.

Conclusions:
Female nurses in Iran are faced with multidimensional challenges when providing care to men. Not only can these challenges decrease the quality of nursing care for male patients, but also make the hospital a stressful environment for female nurses and may lead to them leaving the work.