bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Az egyetemtörténet szerszámosládájába
Authors: Vörös Katalin 
Published: November 2014

A Magyar Királyi Erzsébet Tudományegyetem Orvostudományi Kar tanácsülési jegyzőkönyveinek napirendi pontjai 1926–1951. Összeáll. Kovács Adrienn. (PTE Egyetemi Levéltár kiadványai 1.) Sorozatszerk. Lengvári István. Pécs, 2011. 466 oldal.

A Magyar Királyi Erzsébet Tudományegyetem Bölcsészet-, Nyelv- és Történettudományi Kar tanácsülési jegyzőkönyveinek napirendi pontjai 1918–1940. Összeáll. Kovács Adrienn. (PTE Egyetemi Levéltár kiadványai 2.) Sorozatszerk. Lengvári István. Pécs, 2012. 214 oldal.
Rapid neurogenesis through transcriptional activation in human stem cells
Authors: Busskamp Volker , Lewis Nathan E , Guye Patrick , Ng Alex HM , Shipman Seth L , Byrne Susan M , Sanjana Neville E , Murn Jernej , Li Yinqing , Li Shangzhong , Stadler Michael , Weiss Ron , Church George M 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdvances in cellular reprogramming and stem cell differentiation now enable ex vivo studies of human neuronal differentiation. However, it remains challenging to elucidate the underlying regulatory programs because differentiation protocols are laborious and often result in low neuron yields. Here, we overexpressed two Neurogenin transcription factors in human‐induced pluripotent stem cells and obtained neurons with bipolar morphology in 4 days, at greater than 90% purity. The high purity enabled mRNA and microRNA expression profiling during neurogenesis, thus revealing the genetic programs involved in the rapid transition from stem cell to neuron. The resulting cells exhibited transcriptional, morphological and functional signatures of differentiated neurons, with greatest transcriptional similarity to prenatal human brain samples. Our analysis revealed a network of key transcription factors and microRNAs that promoted loss of pluripotency and rapid neurogenesis via progenitor states. Perturbations of key transcription factors affected homogeneity and phenotypic properties of the resulting neurons, suggesting that a systems‐level view of the molecular biology of differentiation may guide subsequent manipulation of human stem cells to rapidly obtain diverse neuronal types.
Disability-Adjusted Life-Year Burden of Abusive Head Trauma at Ages 0–4
Authors: Miller Ted R. , Steinbeigle Ryan , Wicks Amy , Lawrence Bruce A. , Barr Marilyn , Barr Ronald G. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE:We estimated the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) burden of abusive head trauma (AHT) at ages 0 to 4 years in the United States.METHODS:DALYs are computed by summing years of productive life that survivors lost to disability plus life-years lost to premature death. Surveying a convenience sample of 170 caregivers and pediatricians yielded health-related disability over time according to severity of AHT (measured with the Health Utilities Index, Mark 2). Incidence estimates for 2009 came from Vital Statistics for Mortality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Program Kids’ Inpatient Database for hospitalized survivors, and published ratios of 0.894 case treated and released and 0.340 case not diagnosed/treated while in the acute phase per survivor admitted. Survival probability over time after discharge came from published sources.RESULTS:An estimated 4824 AHT cases in 2009 included 334 fatalities within 30 days. DALYs per surviving child averaged 0.555 annually for severe AHT (95% confidence interval: 0.512–0.598) and 0.155 (95% confidence interval: 0.120–0.190) for other cases. Including life-years lost to premature mortality, estimated lifetime burden averaged 4.7 DALYs for mild AHT, 5.4 for moderate AHT, 24.1 for severe AHT, and 29.8 for deaths. On average, DALY loss per 30-day survivor included 7.6 years of lost life expectancy and 5.7 years lived with disability. Estimated burden of AHT incidents in 2009 was 69 925 DALYs or 0.017 DALYs per US live birth.CONCLUSIONS:AHT is extremely serious, often resulting in severe physical damage or death. The annual DALY burden several years after mild AHT exceeds the DALY burden of a severe burn.
Race, Otitis Media, and Antibiotic Selection
Authors: Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Hicks Lauri A. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Hersh Adam L. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally.

METHODS:
We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM.

RESULTS:
The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others (7% vs 10%, P = .004). However, OM visits per 1000 population were not different between black and nonblack children (253 vs 321, P = .12). When diagnosed with OM during visits in which antibiotics were prescribed, black children were less likely to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics than nonblack children (42% vs 52%, P = .01). In multivariable analysis, black race was negatively associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing (adjusted odds ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.86).

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in treatment choice for black children with OM may indicate race-based differences in physician practice patterns and parental preferences for children with OM.
Maxillary buccal cortical plate inclination at mini-screw insertion sites
Authors: Tozlu Murat , Germeç Cakan Derya , Ulkur Feyza , Ozdemir Fulya 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate whether buccal cortical bone inclination varies for the maxillary alveolar processes of adult patients with decreased, normal, and increased facial heights.

Materials and Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography images of 135 adult patients, including 49 hypodivergent subjects (26 women, 23 men), 40 hyperdivergent subjects (24 women, 16 men), and 46 normodivergent (25 women, 21 men) were analyzed. Cortical bone inclination measurements were made relative to the occlusal plane. Cross-sectional slices of the maxilla were taken at interdental sites from the distal aspect of maxillary canine to the mesial aspect of maxillary second molar.

Results:
Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P &lt; .05) between the angles formed by the line tangent to the cortical bone and the occlusal plane among the vertical facial types for the regions between canine and first premolar and between second premolar and first molar at miniscrew insertion sites.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that vertical facial pattern should be taken into consideration when adjusting the insertion angle of miniscrews at the maxillary buccal region.
Study of structural, morphological and optical properties of S and Cu co-doped SnO2 nanostructured thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Bagheri-Mohagheghi M. M. , Adelifard M. , Namavar S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We have established the effect of copper dopant concentration (Cu/Sn = 0–30 at.%) on the structural, morphological and optical properties of SnO2 : S films grown on glass substrate using a spray pyrolysis technique. According to the experimental evidence and data analysis, we found that the polycrystalline layers in undoped condition mainly consist of mixed phases such as SnS2 and SnO2, whilst in doped ones, Cu2SnS3 and Cu4SnS4 phases are dominant. With increasing Cu concentration, a decrease in the grain size with a change in the shape of the grains is observed. Optical measurement analysis showed that these films have a direct band gap energy of about 2.98–3.59 eV.
Plotin, Porphyre et l'Inde : un ré-examen
Authors: Lacrosse Joachim 
Published: November 2014

Plotin et Porphyre ont-ils pu être « influencés » par la pensée indienne ? Bréhier posait la question en 1928, puis Lacombe en 1950, mais on leur a objecté que le néo-platonisme pouvait être expliqué intégralement par la tradition philosophique grecque. À partir d’extraits de Porphyre (d’après Bardesane) et de plusieurs des contemporains de Plotin (Clément d’Alexandrie, Philostrate de Tyr, Hippolyte de Rome), on voudrait rouvrir le dossier d’une possible connivence entre les premiers néo-platoniciens et la pensée indienne. De quel type d’influence parle-t-on ? Peut-on se contenter d’expliquer certaines ressemblances frappantes (description de l’Un comme source non-diminuée de tous les êtres, conception de l’identité entre l’individu et l’universel) sans envisager une possible influence « incitatrice » de la pensée indienne sur les premiers néo-platoniciens ?
La constitution critique du « cinquième pouvoir », une condition pour la démocratie aujourd'hui
Authors: Ménissier Thierry 
Published: November 2014

Cet article vise à réfléchir l’apport des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication pour la liberté démocratique. Il rappelle d’abord le rôle émancipateur dévolu à la presse selon le schéma des Lumières, puis relève les modifications socio-économiques attestant que nos sociétés n’obéissent plus à ce schéma. Si ces évolutions sont dangereuses car elles représentent un risque de mise sous tutelle du jugement des citoyens, elles sont potentiellement contrebalancées par l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques, vectrices d’autonomie, rendues possibles par les enregistreurs portatifs et par leur mise à disposition sur la Toile. Le « cinquième pouvoir » qui se dessine de la sorte est appelé à se constituer selon des modalités typiques de la démocratie contemporaine.
Clivages et addictions
Authors: Maes Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2014

En répertoriant les différents clivages définis par la littérature qui leur est consacrée, on peut les répartir en quatre catégories, dont on peut déduire quatre catégories de dépendances : dépendance primordiale, addictions primaires, relations addictogènes et addictions secondaires.
L'addiction trompe le vide, un leurre des contenants généalogiques troués. Une approche transcontenante de l'anorexie mentale
Authors: Benghozi Pierre 
Published: November 2014

Dans cet article, l’auteur distingue les pathologies de contenant et les pathologies de contenu. Il illustre la clinique des addictions comme des symptômes « trompe le vide » des contenants incestuels généalogiques troués ou déchirés. La mise en jeu de l’image inconsciente du corps de l’adolescente est étayée en écho à la contenance psychique du corps familial. L’anorexie mentale est envisagée comme un symptôme d’une addiction paradoxale de l’adolescence familiale. L’auteur décrit « la crise » de l’adolescence, l’adolescence « en crise » et l’« adolescence catastrophe ». Les stratégies thérapeutiques des addictions sont structurées comme des modalités de remaillage des liens psychiques.
Les cycles de mode des drogues illicites : l'exemple de la MDMA et de la cocaïne
Authors: Spach Miléna , Wyart Aude 
Published: November 2014

Les drogues illicites, à l’image d’autres biens de consommation, connaissent des cycles de mode favorisant tour à tour différentes substances. L’engouement pour l’ecstasy – comprimé de MDMA – dans les années 1990 laisse place à la cocaïne au cours de la décennie suivante, qui à son tour se voit concurrencée par le retour de la MDMA sous forme de poudre depuis 2010. Comment rendre compte de ces tendances ? L’objectif de cet article est de proposer, par le biais d’analyse d’entretiens et de données quantitatives, des explications quant au retour à la mode de la MDMA – et au déclin de la cocaïne – depuis 2010. Les éléments de réponse sont multiples : des fonctions peu ou prou équivalentes assurées par les deux produits dans un cadre festif ; un rapport pureté-prix favorable à la MDMA ; le rôle joué par le mode de consommation et enfin, l’effet de nouveauté dont bénéficie la MDMA au regard de la dégradation de l’image de la cocaïne.
Les addictions entre neurosciences et psychanalyse
Authors: Pirlot Gérard 
Published: November 2014

De récentes propositions neurobiologiques sur les phénomènes d’addiction ont avancé que ceux-ci relèveraient de l’existence d’un découplage fonctionnel entre neurones sérotoninergiques et noradrénergiques (deux neuromédiateurs impliqués dans la dépression), ceci en plus de la perturbation des systèmes dopaminergiques déjà connus. Cette dérégulation serait préexistante à la toxicomanie, mais la prise répétée de substances toxicomanogènes l’entretiendrait de manière traumatophilique. Or cette appréhension de l’addiction par la dérégulation de systèmes neuronaux rejoint ce que Freud avait avancé concernant ces troubles et d’autres touchant la vie psychique, à savoir la dérégulation du principe de plaisir-déplaisir, matrice de psychisation des affects, comme cela s’observe dans la compulsion de répétition dont le refoulement fournit un modèle. Dès lors est-il possible que la dérégulation précoce de ce principe de plaisir, entraînant un brouillage entre sensation de plaisir et celle de déplaisir, soit une sorte d’analogon sur le plan psychique de cette dérégulation précoce de systèmes neuronaux que l’addiction entretiendrait et répéterait faute d’une psychisation suffisante de la vie émotionnelle du fait du maintien de clivages précoces psyché/soma ?
Die Christelike hoop – ’n Bybels eskatologiese belydenis? Deel 2: Teologiese besinning: Wat beteken die Christelike hoop?
Authors: Du Rand Jan A. 
Published: November 2014

Hierdie is die tweede artikel wat die vraag moet beantwoord of die Christelike eskatologiese hoop by uitnemendheid die primêre eskatologiese belydenis is van die Christelike teologie soos in die Bybel gefundeer. Is dit enigsins ook die geval in ’n verskeidenheid van teologiese en filosofiese argumentasies? In die eerste artikel is die basis gelê deur die bybelse spoor van die Christelike eskatologiese hoop te beskryf. In Deel 2 wat op Deel 1 volg, is die fokus op die teologiese bespreking rakende die Christelike eskatologiese hoop. Die verdere vraag wat beantwoord moet word is: Wat is die teologiese kern en inhoud van die Christelike eskatologiese hoop? Binne hierdie raamwerk van argumentasie, en verbandhoudend met die onderwerp, word ook van die filosofiese tendense van veral Immanuel Kant, Gabriel Marcel en Ernst Bloch kennis geneem. Die betekenisvolle teologiese sieninge van Johannes Calvyn, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jurgen Moltmann en Hendrikus Berkhof word ook aangeraak. Hierdie artikel konkludeer met ’n eie standpuntstelling oor die Christelike hoop as noodsaaklike eskatologiese raamwerk wat die Christen se uitsig, verwagtinge en etos [leefstyl] bepalend raak. Die Christelike siening van hoop, gefundeer in die opwekking van Jesus Christus uit die dood, word volmaak afgerond wanneer ‘God alles in alles sal wees’ (1 Kor 15:28) by die finale einde. The Christian hope – a Biblical eschatological confession? Part 2: Theological reflection: What is the meaning of the Christian hope? This is the second of two articles answering the question whether the Christian hope can be seen as the ultimate biblical eschatological confession. Is it by interpretative reflection also the viewpoint of a selection of topic related theologians and philosophers? In the first article the foundation was done by determining what the ultimate expression and confession describing Biblical eschatology is. The motivated finding was formulated as the eschatological concept hope. Building on the first, the second article’s focus falls on the consequential theological discussion. The further question to be answered is: What is the theological core and content of Christian eschatological hope in a wider framework than the biblical? Within such a framework of argumentation and in terms of tendencies the philosophical argumentation of Immanuel Kant, Gabriel Marcel and Ernst Bloch on hope are taken notice of. The comprehensive theological views on hope by Johannes Calvyn, Karl Barth, Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jürgen Moltmann and Hendrikus Berkhof are also briefly mentioned. This article concludes with an own viewpoint on Christian hope as eschatological framework, determining one’s views, expectations and ethos (lifestyle). The eschatological view of hope, grounded in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, is a confession, coming to a full circle when ‘God will be all in all’ (1 Cor 15:28) at the final end.
Lung cancer screening: Is there a future?
Authors: O′Brien Mary ER 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide with an average rate of 40-100/100,000 depending on the level of deprivation, and the rates are higher in smokers. The National Lung Screening Trial using three consecutive annual low-dose computed tomography scans is the first and largest screening study to show clear evidence of a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality in selected high-risk subjects. The many on-going European screening studies will generate information on the groups of subjects that may or may not benefit from screening (demographics, pack-years smoked, length of smoking, number of years from quitting etc.) and the required frequency and duration of the intervention. Smoking cessation remains the most important tool for general improvement in health outcomes and in particular lung cancer prevention. Early intervention for investigations of symptoms that are considered mild or common could also change the outcome. Doctors and patients must become increasingly aware that these common symptoms are also potentially symptoms of lung cancer and are not ′normal′ even in smokers.
Morphometric evaluation and clinical correlations in pediatric malignant small round cell tumors
Authors: Bansal Cherry , Gupta Archana , Kumar Archana , Srivastava Anand 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Aims: Nuclear size increases in malignant tumors and reflects DNA content, ploidy and proliferation index. Present study investigated if the nuclear morphometry could differentiate histomorphologically similar paediatric malignant small round cell tumors on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections for diagnostics in a resource poor setting. Settings and Design: All the consecutive malignant pediatric tumors received in Pathology Department from other faculties of King George′s Medical University and also those referred directly to Pathology Department from other hospitals of city/other cities during 3 years period were recorded. Materials and Methods: Morphometric analysis was done in 22 confirmed (by higher ancillary techniques) but histomorphologically difficult to differentiate round cell tumors. All sections were analyzed by cell images from six different areas, using Leica Q win 500 images software. Results: Nuclear measurements were obtained for retinoblastoma (RB) (nine cases), neuroblastoma (five cases), Wilms tumor (WT) (three cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (three cases), malignant hemangiopericytoma (one case) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (one case). Among the RBs, maximum mean nuclear area percent (24.93) was seen in a case with nerve involvement and metastasis, followed by cases with only nerve involvement (21.60) and smallest area (16.57) was in non-nerve involving, nonmetastatic cases. All five cases of neuroblastoma had almost similar mean nuclear area percent (18.05-18.29). WT case with metastasis had higher nuclear area (21.25) than nonmetastatic (19.47). Amongst all the tumors, minimum value (14.93) was seen in malignant hemangiopericytoma. Conclusion: Morphometric evaluation in paediatric malignant round cell tumors have generated useful data, and needs further multicentric confirmation for implementation.
Juveniles’ Right to Counsel during Police Interrogations: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of a Youth-Specific Approach, with a Particular Focus on the Netherlands
Authors: Liefaard Ton , van den Brink Yannick 
Published: November 2014

Juveniles’ Right to Counsel during Police Interrogations: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of a Youth-Specific Approach, with a Particular Focus on the Netherlands
The right to counsel of juveniles at the stage of police interrogations has gained significant attention since the Salduz ruling of the European Court on Human Rights in 2008. The legislative and policy developments that have taken place since then and that are still ongoing – both on a regional (European) and domestic (Dutch) level – reveal a shared belief that juvenile suspects must be awarded special protection in this phase of the criminal justice proceedings. This calls for a youth-specific approach as fundamentally different from the common approach for adults. At the same time, there seems to be ambivalence concerning the justification and concrete implications of such a youth-specific approach. This article aims to clarify the underlying rationale and significance of a youth specific approach to the right to counsel at the stage of police interrogations on the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis of European Court on Human Rights case law, international children’s rights standards and relevant developmental psychological insights. In addition, this article aims to position this right of juveniles in conflict with the law in the particular context of the Dutch juvenile justice system and provide concrete recommendations to the Dutch legislator.
Ice sheet load cycling and fluid underpressures in the Eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Neuzil C. E. , Provost A. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStrong fluid underpressures have been detected in Paleozoic strata in the eastern Michigan Basin, with hydraulic heads reaching ~400 m below land surface (~4 MPa underpressure) and ~200 m below sea level in strata where unusually low permeabilities (~10−20–10−23 m2) were measured in situ. Multiple glaciations, including three with as much as 3 km of ice cover at the site in the last 120 ka, suggest a causal link with the underpressures. We examined this possibility using a one‐dimensional groundwater flow model incorporating mechanical loading from both ice weight and lithospheric flexure. Because hydrologic and mechanical changes during glaciation are not well characterized and subsurface properties are imperfectly known, the model was used inversely to estimate flexural loads and loosely constrained permeabilities by matching observed pressures. Acceptable matches were obtained for a surprisingly wide range of scenarios with permeabilities close to measured values and plausible flexural loads. Matches were not obtained when too many parameters were preselected, or when permeabilities were constrained to be significantly larger than measured values. In successful model runs groundwater expulsion under glacial‐mechanical loads caused the underpressuring, and flexural loads were important if aquifer and sub‐glacial pressures were significantly elevated during glaciation. Simulated fluid pressures in the low‐permeability strata fluctuated by 30–40 MPa during glacial cycles but resulted in advective transport of only tens of meters or less. Although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out, we conclude that glacial‐mechanical forcing of a water‐saturated system can explain the observed underpressures.