bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two techniques for the rapid assessment of marine habitat complexity
Authors: Lambert Gwladys I. , Jennings Simon , Hinz Hilmar , Murray Lee G. , Parrott Lael , Kaiser Michel J. , Hiddink Jan G. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Monitoring and assessment of the status and distribution of marine seabed habitats is needed to support existing and emerging environmental policy commitments. Traditional monitoring of habitats and associated species using grabs and trawls is costly and labour intensive and might usefully be complemented by cheaper and more readily automated methods that can be used at higher frequencies and/or on larger spatial scales.
We develop and apply two methods to measure seabed habitat complexity and demonstrate how they can be used to describe impacts (e.g. fishing gear impacts) and monitor recovery. The first method relies on the analysis of deviations in a laser line projected on the seabed. The second method is based on the pixel value distribution in seabed photographs. We use both methods to quantify the complexity created by different substrates and habitat‐forming species and to establish links between habitat complexity and faunal diversity (richness) and abundance.
The habitat complexity index calculated with the laser line method provided a reliable index of complexity across a range of habitat types, showing a monotonic increase with coarseness of the substratum and the abundance of sessile epifauna. Pixel value distributions in the photographs did not reflect the increase in complexity due to sessile epifauna but only reflected substratum differences.
Results suggested that the laser line method would be suitable for monitoring the effect of disturbance on habitats ranging from gravelly sands to rock, and their subsequent recovery. The photographic method would be better suited to assessing complexity and heterogeneity of the substratum. Both methods complement conventional biological sampling and can be used at higher frequencies and/or on larger spatial scales per unit cost.
The laser line method has considerable potential to support demands for frequent monitoring of seabed habitats and human impacts at a range of spatial scales. It is less costly and labour intensive than existing approaches and can be deployed from vessels of many sizes.
Influence of time on dermoscopic diagnosis and management
Authors: Jaimes Natalia , Dusza Stephen W. , Quigley Elizabeth A. , Braun Ralph P. , Puig Susana , Malvehy Josep , Kittler Harald , Rabinovitz Harold S. , Oliviero Margaret C. , Soyer H. Peter , Grichnik James M. , Korzenko Adam , Cabo Horacio , Carlos‐Ortega Blanca , Ahlgrimm‐Siess Verena , Kopf Alfred W. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDermoscopy aids in clinical decision‐making. However, time pressure is a common reason precluding its use. We evaluated the effect of time on lesion recognition and management decisions utilising clinical and dermoscopic images.MethodIn all, 100 dermoscopic images were presented to 15 dermatologists with experience in dermoscopy and seven non‐experts (dermatology residents). Each lesion was displayed thrice in succession. The dermoscopic image was initially presented for 1 s (t1). The same dermoscopic image was shown again without time constraints (t2) and then a final time with additional images of the clinical context (t3). Participants provided a diagnosis, their level of confidence and biopsy predilection after evaluating each image.ResultsFor benign lesions, both groups rarely changed their diagnosis. However, an improvement in the number of correct benign diagnoses was observed when the lesion was shown in a clinical context. For malignant lesions, both groups improved when more time and clinical context was given; nevertheless, non‐experts were more likely to change the diagnosis towards the correct one as more time was given and tended to perform more biopsies, in particular of benign lesions. Limitations were a small number of participants and an artificial study setting.ConclusionDermoscopy uses analytical and non‐analytical reasoning approaches. We suggest that non‐analytical reasoning is employed when rapid clinical decisions need to be made, especially during the evaluation of benign lesions. We conclude that dermoscopy is relatively rapid and non–time‐consuming technique that adds relevant information and guides clinicians towards appropriate management decisions.
Male frontal fibrosing alopecia with generalised hair loss
Authors: Chen WenChieh , Kigitsidou Evanthia , Prucha Hanna , Ring Johannes , Andres Christian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFrontal fibrosing alopecia predominantly affects postmenopausal women and is regarded as a variant of lichen planopilaris. Male cases have rarely been reported. Here we describe a 66‐year‐old man with a typical receding fronto‐temporal hair line in a form of scarring alopecia, which shows features of lichen planopilaris in histology. An extensive loss of body hair involving bilateral axillae, limbs and pubic area was also observed.
Presence of Autoantibody Against Two Placental Proteins, Peroxiredoxin 3 and Peroxiredoxin 4, in Sera of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Patients
Authors: Gharesi‐Fard Behrouz , Jafarzadeh Leila , Ghaderi‐shabankareh Farzaneh , Zolghadri Jaleh , Kamali‐Sarvestani Eskandar 
Published: November 2012

ProblemRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive abortion before the 20th week of gestation. Autoimmune diseases increase the risk and accounts for at least 20% of RPL. Placenta is a pregnancy unique tissue, and proper formation of placenta is key phenomenal for success of a pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the placental proteins that may act as antibody targets in RPL patients.Method of studyTotal placental proteins were extracted and separated using 2D‐PAGE technique. Separated protein spots were transferred on PVDF membrane and blotted with sera from 20 RPL patients and compared with the protein spots that membrane blotted with sera from 20 normal women. Differentially blotted spots were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry mass spectrometry technique. The results of the mass analysis also were confirmed by western blot using mAb and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique.ResultsThe results indicated that RPL women may produce antibody against Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) and Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4).ConclusionOur results indicate that two placental proteins, Prx3 and Prx4, may act as new placental immune targets. Considering the role of antioxidant defense in the protection of placenta from oxidative stress, production of antibodies against peroxiredoxins 3 and 4 may introduce a new autoimmune hypothesis in RPL, which is needed to be tested in the future works.
No association between overweight and asthma or allergy in adolescence after wheezing in infancy
Authors: Ruotsalainen Marja , Hyvärinen Mari K , Saari Antti , Piippo‐Savolainen Eija , Korppi Matti 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the association between weight status and asthma, allergy and respiratory symptoms in adolescents with bronchiolitis in infancy.Subjects and methodsAt age 15–18 years, a questionnaire was sent to 96 study subjects hospitalized for wheezing at age <24 months and followed up subsequently. Sixty‐seven (70%) of them answered. Weight and height data for body mass index (BMI) calculation were available in 60 (63%) cases. Asthma, allergy, respiratory symptoms and the use of asthma medication were compared between overweight or obese and normal weight groups constructed by age‐ and sex‐specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI‐SDS). Population controls matched for sex, and birth month and place, were recruited for this study phase at age 15–18 years.ResultsEleven (18.3%) study subjects were overweight (BMI‐SDS >0.78 in males and >1.16 in females) and only 3 (5.0%) were obese (BMI‐SDS >1.70 in males and >2.10 in females) at 16.5 (median) years of age. Overweight or obesity had no significant association with doctor‐diagnosed or self‐reported asthma, allergy or the use of inhaled corticosteroids. The negative results were confirmed by adjusted analyses.ConclusionWeight status had no association with asthma or allergy in adolescence after wheezing in infancy.
Pre‐operative use of anti‐TNF‐α agents and the risk of post‐operative complications in patients with Crohn's disease – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nørgård B. M. , Nielsen J. , Qvist N. , Gradel K. O. , de Muckadell O. B. Schaffalitzky , Kjeldsen J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundA possible negative role of pre‐operative use of antitumour necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF‐α) agents on post‐operative outcomes in Crohn's disease (CD) patients is still debated.AimTo examine the impact of pre‐operative anti‐TNF‐α agents on post‐operative outcomes 30 and 60 days after CD surgery in a nationwide Danish cohort. Outcomes were death, reoperation, anastomosis leakage, intra‐abdominal abscess and bacteraemia.MethodsWe identified all patients having surgical procedures from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010 (n = 2293). Patients were classified according to use of anti‐TNF‐α agents within 12 weeks before surgery (exposed) or not (unexposed). Outcomes were obtained from nationwide registries and a bacteraemia registry. Sub‐analyses were performed for bacteraemia and for impact of pre‐operative timing of anti‐TNF‐α agents.ResultsAmong surgical procedures for CD, 214 were exposed and 2079 were not. We found no increased relative risks of death or abscess drainage 30 or 60 days after follow‐up. Among exposed, 7.5% had a reoperation within 30 days vs. 8.6% among unexposed, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–1.63. Among exposed, 3.8% had an anastomosis leakage within 30 days after surgery vs. 2.8% among unexposed, adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.59–3.02. No further cases of anastomosis leakages appeared within 60 days. Sub‐analyses indicated no increased risk of bacteraemia after 30 days and no increased risks when anti‐TNF‐α agents were given ≤14 days before surgery.ConclusionWe found no significantly increased relative risks of post‐operative complications after use of anti‐TNF‐α agents either 12 weeks or ≤14 days before surgery for Crohn's disease.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Risk Biomarkers for Hematoma Enlargement after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zheng Hong‐Wei , Wang Yi‐Long , Lin Jin‐Xi , Li Na , Zhao Xing‐Quan , Liu Gai‐Fen , Liu Li‐Ping , Jiao Yan , Gu Wei‐Kuan , Wang David Z. , Wang Yong‐Jun 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground and PurposeMicroRNAs have recently been shown to regulate the downstream bioprocesses of intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNAs can be used as biomarkers to predict secondary hematoma enlargement (HE) in patients with ICH.MethodsConsecutively, 79 ICH patients admitted within 6 h of symptom onset and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Whole‐genome miRNA expression profiles were generated in 32 patients (HE/non‐HE: 14/18). Representative differentially expressed miRNAs were measured in all cases (HE/non‐HE: 30/49) and normal controls (n = 30) by real‐time PCR.ResultsThirty miRNAs showed differential expressions in the plasma samples from patients with HE as compared with the non‐HE controls. Compared to the hierarchical cluster analysis with all probes on microarray, all patients were separated into two main branches with only four exceptions by 30 differentially expressed miRNAs, improving the overall accuracy from 47.62 to 77.78% in the HE and 72.73 to 100% in the non‐HE group. Further support vector machine (SVM) test can discriminate the two groups with 100% accuracy with 10 differentially expressed miRNAs.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that multiple miRNAs are differentially expressed in the plasma of ICH patients with or without HE and may serve as circulating biomarkers for predicting HE after ICH.
Myocardial Infarction in a 4‐Year‐Old Child: Role of Echocardiography in Diagnosis
Authors: Mahesh Kumar Saktheeswaran , Subramanian Venkateshwaran , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery Mahadevan 
Published: November 2012

Mini‐AbstractKawasaki disease which is the most common acquired heart disease in developed countries causes coronary arterial aneurysms in 20% of untreated patients. Instead of presenting with the classical Kawasaki disease features these patients may present with angina, breathlessness, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Echocardiography helps in early diagnosis.
Temperature‐dependent shifts in herbivore performance and interactions drive nonlinear changes in crop damages
Authors: Dangles Olivier , Herrera Mario , Mazoyer Charlotte , Silvain Jean‐François 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnderstanding how and to what extent the influence of temperature on physiological performance scales up to interspecific interactions and process rate patterns remains a major scientific challenge faced by ecologists. Here, we combined approaches developed by two conceptual frameworks in ecology, the stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH), and the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (B‐EF), to test the hypothesis that interspecific difference in thermal performance modulates multiple species interactions along a thermal stress (SGH) and the subsequent richness effects on process rates (B‐EF). We designed an experiment using three species of herbivorous agricultural pests with different thermal optima for which we determined how temperature influences the direction and the strength of interaction and subsequent richness effects on crop damage (7 species interaction treatments × 6 temperature treatments × 10 replicates). We showed that both biotic interactions and species richness effects drive variations in crop damages along a thermal stress gradient, and thus have the potential to drive agro‐system responses to climate change. To help explain and generalize underlying mechanisms of richness effects on process rates, we further proposed a conceptual model that views interaction outcomes as shifting between positive and negative along a thermal stress depending on species thermal optima. Overall, our study demonstrates that nonlinear effects of temperature on process rates must be a major concern in terms of prediction and management of the consequences of global warming.
Take Me “Home”: Return Migration among Germany's Older Immigrants
Authors: Yahirun Jenjira J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the determinants of return migration as foreign‐born men approach old age in Germany. Return migration in later life engages a different set of conditions from return migration earlier on, including the framing of return as a possible retirement strategy. Using 23 years of longitudinal data from the German Socioeconomic Panel, this paper investigates how social and economic resources of immigrant men influence decisions to return “home.” Results suggest that immigrants from former guest worker recruitment countries within the European Union are more likely to return than non‐EUimmigrants. In addition, return migrants are “negatively selected” so that those with the least education and weakest attachments to the labor force are more likely to emigrate. However, findings vary greatly depending on the immigrant's age and country of origin. Results from this paper highlight the heterogeneity of older immigrants and the factors that motivate their return “home”.
Factors Impacting Remittances by Skilled Ghanaians Abroad
Authors: Appiah‐Yeboah Kwame , Bosomtwi Asamoah , Yeboah Muriel A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA recent body of thought has arisen contending that skilled migration can have a net positive benefit for sending countries. The main underlying argument concerns the remittances that skilled migrants send back home. Using skilled Ghanaian migrants abroad, in this study we examine the factors that impact remittances. We drew our sample from Ghanaian professional groups on social networking sites (SNSs) – Facebook and LinkedIn – supplemented by an offline sample. Our results indicate that remittances by skilled Ghanaian migrants increase as the migrant's household income increases and decrease as the time spent abroad by the skilled migrant increases. Additionally, as the level of educational attainment of the skilled migrant increases, the level of remittances decreases. Finally, the reason for remitting impacts the level of remittances. Specifically, remittances to support family in need and to finance building and investment projects positively impact the level of remittances. In conclusion, we observe that when skilled migrants have a greater attachment to their host countries, they tend to remit less. Likewise, when skilled migrants have a greater attachment to their home countries, they tend to remit more.
Impacts of diet quality on life‐history and reproductive traits in male and female armed beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus
Authors: KATSUKI MASAKO , OKADA YASUKAZU , OKADA KENSUKE 
Published: November 2012

1. The energy available for reproduction is usually limited by resource acquisition (i.e. condition). Because condition is known to be strongly affected by environmental factors, reproductive investments also vary across heterogeneous environments.2. Although the condition dependence of reproductive investment is common to both sexes, reproductive traits may exhibit sexually different responses to environmental fluctuation due to sex‐specific life‐history strategies. However, few direct experimental studies have investigated the condition dependence of reproductive investments in both sexes.3. We investigated the condition dependence of life‐history and reproductive traits of males and females in the beetle Gnatocerus cornutus Fabricus by manipulating larval and adult diet quality. We found that male and female life‐history traits exhibited similar responses to environmental fluctuations.4. By contrast, the sexes exhibit different patterns of condition dependence in reproductive traits (i.e. the adult nutritional environment has a strong impact on the female lifetime reproductive success, whereas larval nutritional environment strongly affects the secondary sexual trait in males).5. This difference in the plasticity of reproductive traits may lead to different selection pressures for each sex, even if both sexes develop and/or live in the same environment.
Lethal and sublethal behavioural responses of saline water beetles to acute heat and osmotic stress
Authors: PALLARÉS SUSANA , ARRIBAS PAULA , CÉSPEDES VANESSA , MILLÁN ANDRÉS , VELASCO JOSEFA 
Published: November 2012

1. As species' physiological breadth determines their potential to deal with environmental changes, and influences individuals' survival and the persistence of populations, information about lethal and sublethal responses could be fundamental for conservation purposes.2. We used a standard experimental approach to explore mortality and behavioural avoidance responses (i.e. flight and emersion from the water) to a combination of acute heat and osmotic stress on six species of saline water beetles (belonging toEnochrus,Nebrioporus, andOchthebiusgenera).3. Heat stress affected survival and behavioural responses in all of the species, whereas osmotic stress and the interaction between both stressors only showed significant effects for theOchthebiusgenus. Behavioural and survival patterns were highly interrelated across the stress gradients. TheEnochrusandNebrioporusstudied species showed maximum avoidance activity at 35–40 °C, and a short (< 30 min) exposure to 45 °C was lethal.Ochthebiusspecies were the most heat tolerant and displayed increasing behavioural responses with increasing temperature. In theNebrioporusandOchthebiusgenera, the species occupying lotic, more environmentally stable habitats, showed greater mortality, and avoidance responses were higher or initiated at lower stress thresholds than lentic species. In contrast, bothEnochrusspecies displayed a similar mortality, and the lentic speciesE. bicoloremerged and flew more than the loticE. falcarius,in concordance with its higher dispersal capacity.4. Avoidance responses could provide interesting information about species' physiological amplitudes as a complement to lethal responses. The lotic species here studied showed narrower physiological amplitude (i.e.N. baeticusandO. glaber) or lower dispersal ability (i.e.E. falcarius) than their lentic relatives; both traits could result in a higher vulnerability of lotic species to thermal habitat changes.
Evaluating the legacy of landscape history: extinction debt and species credit in bird and small mammal assemblages in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Lira Paula K. , Ewers Robert M. , Banks‐Leite Cristina , Pardini Renata , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: November 2012

Summary
There is now an extensive literature on extinction debt following deforestation. However, the potential for species credit in landscapes that have experienced a change from decreasing to expanding forest cover has received little attention. Both delayed responses should depend on current landscape forest cover and on species life‐history traits, such as longevity, as short‐lived species are likely to respond faster than long‐lived species.
We evaluated the effects of historical and present‐day local forest cover on two vertebrate groups with different longevities – understorey birds and non‐flying small mammals − in forest patches at three Atlantic Forest landscapes. Our work investigated how the probability of extinction debt and species credit varies (i) amongst landscapes with different proportions of forest cover and distinct trajectories of forest cover change, and (ii) between taxa with different life spans.
Our results suggest that the existence of extinction debt and species credit, as well as the potential for their future payment and/or receipt, is not only related to forest cover trajectory but also to the amount of remaining forest cover at the landscape scale. Moreover, differences in bird and small mammal life spans seem to be insufficient to affect differently their probability of showing time‐delayed responses to landscape change.
Synthesis and applications. Our work highlights the need for considering not only the trajectory of deforestation/regeneration but also the amount of forest cover at landscape scale when investigating time‐delayed responses to landscape change. As many landscapes are experiencing a change from decreasing to expanding forest cover, understanding the association of extinction and immigration processes, as well as their interactions with the landscape dynamic, is a key factor to plan conservation and restoration actions in human‐altered landscapes.