bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, stability and electronic properties of tricycle type graphane
Authors: He Chaoyu , Zhang C. X. , Sun L. Z. , Jiao N. , Zhang K. W. , Zhong Jianxin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe propose a new allotrope of graphane (named as ‘tricycle') with equivalent 4up/2down UUUDUD hydrogenation in each six‐carbon ring, which can be considered as the combination of previously proposed 3up/3down chair graphane and stirrup graphane. We find that tricycle graphane is more stable than stirrup graphane and its negative Gibbs free energy (–91 meV/atom) is very close to that of the most stable chair one (–103 meV/atom). Investigations on its vibrational property confirm its dynamical stability. Such a new two‐dimensional hydrocarbon may be produced in the process of graphene hydrogenation with a relatively high probability due to its remarkable stability.magnified imageTricycle graphane with 4up/2down (UUUDUD) hydrogenation in each hexagonal carbon ring, which can be considered as the combination of chair (3up/3down: UDUDUD) and stirrup (3up/3down: UUUDDD) graphane.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Work–Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction: Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator
Authors: Gao Yongdong , Shi Junqi , Niu Qikun , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe negative impact of work–family conflict (WFC) on employees' well‐being and job‐related outcomes has attracted much research attention recently. A major gap in the literature is which factors could potentially buffer its negative effect on employees. The present study examined the moderating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between WFC and job satisfaction in a sample of 212 Chinese high school teachers. On the basis of conservation of resource theory, we hypothesized that emotional intelligence would weaken the negative effect of family‐to‐work and work‐to‐family interference on job satisfaction. Results suggested that WFC (work‐to‐family interference and family‐to‐work interference) was negatively related to job satisfaction and that emotional intelligence weakened the effect of WFC on job satisfaction. These findings provide implications for theories on WFC and emotional intelligence, such as conservation of resource theory. The current study also provides a test of these theories in Chinese culture to support the generalizability of theories developed in previous research. Practical implications for reducing the negative influence of WFC on employees' job satisfaction are also provided, such as the potential value of emotional intelligence for the training and development of employees in teaching professions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin‐Polarized Semiconductors: Tuning the Electronic Structure of Graphene by Introducing a Regular Pattern of sp3 Carbons on the Graphene Plane
Authors: Jing Long , Huang Ping , Zhu Huarui , Gao Xueyun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations (generalized gradient approximation, density functional therory (DFT) with dispersion corrections, and DFT plus local atomic potential) are carried out on the stability and electronic structures of superlattice configurations of nitrophenyl diazonium functionalized graphene with different coverage. In the calculations, the stabilities of these structures are strengthened significantly since van der Waals interactions between nitrophenyl groups are taken into account. Furthermore, spin‐polarized and wider‐bandgap electronic structures are obtained when the nitrophenyl groups break the sublattice symmetry of the graphene. The unpaired quasi‐localized p electrons are responsible for this itinerant magnetism. The results provide a novel approach to tune graphene's electronic structures as well as to form ferromagnetic semiconductive graphene.
Gas flow in ultra-tight shale strata
Authors: Darabi Hamed , Ettehad A. , Javadpour F. , Sepehrnoori K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe study the gas flow processes in ultra-tight porous media in which the matrix pore network is composed of nanometre- to micrometre-size pores. We formulate a pressure-dependent permeability function, referred to as the apparent permeability function (APF), assuming that Knudsen diffusion and slip flow (the Klinkenberg effect) are the main contributors to the overall flow in porous media. The APF predicts that in nanometre-size pores, gas permeability values are as much as 10 times greater than results obtained by continuum hydrodynamics predictions, and with increasing pore size (i.e. of the order of the micrometre), gas permeability converges to continuum hydrodynamics values. In addition, the APF predicts that an increase in the fractal dimension of the pore surface leads to a decrease in Knudsen diffusion. Using the homogenization method, a rigorous analysis is performed to examine whether the APF is preserved throughout the process of upscaling from local scale to large scale. We use the well-known pulse-decay experiment to estimate the main parameter of the APF, which is Darcy permeability. Our newly derived late-transient analytical solution and the late-transient numerical solution consistently match the pressure decay data and yield approximately the same estimated value for Darcy permeability at the typical core-sample initial pressure range and pressure difference. Other parameters of the APF may be determined from independent laboratory experiments; however, a pulse-decay experiment can be used to estimate the unknown parameters of the APF if multiple tests are performed and/or the parameters are strictly constrained by upper and lower bounds.
Dynamics of complete turbulence suppression in turbidity currents driven by monodisperse suspensions of sediment
Authors: Shringarpure Mrugesh , Cantero Mariano I. , Balachandar S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTurbidity currents derive their motion from the excess density imposed by suspended sediments. The settling tendency of sediments is countered by flow turbulence, which expends energy to keep them in suspension. This interaction leads to downward increasing concentration of suspended sediments (stable stratification) in the flow. Thus in a turbidity current sediments play the dual role of sustaining turbulence by driving the flow and damping turbulence due to stable stratification. By means of direct numerical simulations, it has been shown previously that stratification above a threshold can substantially reduce turbulence and possibly extinguish it. This study expands the simplified model by Cantero et al. (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 114, 2009a, C03008), and puts forth a proposition that explains the mechanism of complete turbulence suppression due to suspended sediments. In our simulations it is observed that suspensions of larger sediments lead to stronger stratification and, above a threshold size, induce an abrupt transition in the flow to complete turbulence suppression. It has been widely accepted that hairpin and quasi-streamwise vortices are key to sustaining turbulence in wall-bounded flows, and that only vortices of sufficiently strong intensity can spawn the next generation of vortices. This auto-generation mechanism keeps the flow populated with hairpin and quasi-streamwise vortical structures and thus sustains turbulence. From statistical analysis of Reynolds stress events and visualization of flow structures, it is observed that settling sediments damp the Reynolds stress events (Q2 events), which means a reduction in both the strength and spatial distribution of vortical structures. Beyond the threshold sediment size, the existing vortical structures in the flow are damped to an extent where they lose their ability to regenerate the subsequent generation of turbulent vortical structures, which ultimately leads to complete turbulence suppression.
Streamer propagation in non-uniform gaps at ambient atmospheric air pressures
Authors: PAPADAKIS ANTONIS P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe streamer propagation in point-plane, non-uniform gaps under high applied electric fields, prior to the impact of primary streamer on cathode, is analyzed. The configuration used is an anode hyperboloid with 50-μm radius of curvature, and a flat plate as the cathode. The applied voltage is 130-kV direct current, and an initial electron is assumed to exist close to the anode in ambient air. The geometry used is a two-dimensional axisymmetry with a gap of 5 cm between the anode and the cathode. It is shown that the streamer is formed on the anode tip as expected, and midway toward the cathode, it separates into two streamers, the primary streamer that continues its propagation toward the cathode, and the branched streamer expanding radially toward the outer boundaries. The qualitative behavior of the discharge is analyzed in terms of streamer speeds, radial and axial electric fields, charged particle densities, and conductive currents. A branched streamer plasma structure was observed along the path of the primary plasma structure expanding radially outwards.
Apis melliferavenom induces different cell death pathways inTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: ADADE CAMILA M. , CHAGAS GABRIELA S. F. , SOUTO-PADRÓN THAÏS 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYChagas disease chemotherapy is based on drugs that exhibit toxic effects and have limited efficacy, such as Benznidazole. Therefore, research into new chemotherapeutic agents from natural sources needs to be exploited.Apis melliferavenom consists of many biologically active molecules and has been reported to exhibit remarkable anti-cancer effects, often promoting an apoptosis-like death phenotype. This study demonstrates thatA. melliferavenom can affect the growth, viability and ultrastructure of allTrypanosoma cruzidevelopmental forms, including intracellular amastigotes, at concentrations 15- to 100-fold lower than those required to cause toxic effects in mammalian cells. The ultrastructural changes induced by the venom in the different developmental forms led us to hypothesize the occurrence of different programmed cell death pathways. Autophagic cell death, characterized by the presence of autophagosomes-like organelles and a strong monodansyl cadaverine labelling, appears to be the main death mechanism in epimastigotes. In contrast, increased TUNEL staining, abnormal nuclear chromatin condensation and kDNA disorganization was observed in venom-treated trypomastigotes, suggesting cell death by an apoptotic mechanism. On the other hand, intracellular amastigotes presented a heterogeneous cell death phenotype profile, where apoptosis-like death seemed to be predominant. Our findings confirm the great potential ofA. melliferavenom as a source for the development of new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases such as Chagas disease.
Only connect? Older lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults and social capital
Authors: CRONIN ANN , KING ANDREW 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe concept of social capital is widely used in the social sciences and has, to an extent, been applied to the lives and social networks of older lesbian, gay and bisexual (hereafter LGB) adults. Developing existing research, this paper argues that while not without its problems, the concept of social capital enriches our understanding of these networks, whilst simultaneously deconstructing the negative stereotypes surrounding homosexuality in later life. However, little attention has been paid to the social factors that mediate access and participation in lesbian and gay communities and the implications of this on the quality and experience of later life. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in the United Kingdom, this paper illustrates how biography, gender and socio-economic status are significant mediators in the development and maintenance of social capital by older LGB adults. It concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at improving the social capital of older LGB adults, together with the importance of ‘queering’ the concept itself.
Three polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene and the risk of HCV infection: a meta-analysis plus a Chinese Association Study involving 1140 subjects
Authors: LI J. , LIU Y. , XU F. , CHEN J. , CHEN Y. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe influence of an immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been increasingly reported recently. A number of polymorphisms appear to control the level of IL-10 production. Among them, −592C/A, −819C/T and −1082G/A in the IL-10 gene are three most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms. To provide a more definitive conclusion about their association with the risk of HCV infection, a meta-analysis was performed by combining and summarizing a total of 17 studies. A biological justification for the choice of genetic model was provided. The results indicated no significant association between these IL-10 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to HCV infection [–592C/A: odds ratio (OR) 0·99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·78–1·25; –819C/T: OR 0·90, 95% CI 0·69–1·18; –1082G/A: OR 1·34, 95% CI 0·90–2·00]. However, this analysis did not account for the possible risk modifications by other factors, such as ethnicity and virus persistence. Therefore, the effects of ethnicity and virus persistence were investigated using Bayesian meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Finally, an extended case-control association study was conducted in a Chinese population involving 1140 subjects. Both serum level and genotype data of IL-10 −1082G/A were determined. As a result, a low prevalence of G allele was observed. Significantly higher IL-10 production was observed in HCV patients, especially patients with the GG genotype.
Early retinoic acid deprivation in developing zebrafish results in microphthalmia
Authors: LE HONG-GAM T. , DOWLING JOHN E. , CAMERON D. JOSHUA 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVitamin A deficiency causes impaired vision and blindness in millions of children around the world. Previous studies in zebrafish have demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA), the acid form of vitamin A, plays a vital role in early eye development. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of early RA deficiency by treating zebrafish with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), a potent inhibitor of the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) that converts retinal to RA. Zebrafish embryos were treated for 2 h beginning at 9 h postfertilization. Gross morphology and retinal development were examined at regular intervals for 5 days after treatment. The optokinetic reflex (OKR) test, visual background adaptation (VBA) test, and the electroretinogram (ERG) were performed to assess visual function and behavior. Early treatment of zebrafish embryos with 100μM DEAB (9 h) resulted in reduced eye size, and this microphthalmia persisted through larval development. Retinal histology revealed that DEAB eyes had significant developmental abnormalities but had relatively normal retinal lamination by 5.5 days postfertilization. However, the fish showed neither an OKR nor a VBA response. Further, the retina did not respond to light as measured by the ERG. We conclude that early deficiency of RA during eye development causes microphthalmia as well as other visual defects, and that timing of the RA deficiency is critical to the developmental outcome.
Policing the Perimeter: Disgust and Purity in Democratic
Debate
Authors: Hatemi Peter , McDermott Rose 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe explicate the precise role that one specific emotion, disgust, plays in
generating political acrimony. We do this by identifying the link between the
different dimensions along which moral judgments are made by those espousing
different political ideologies and the different emotions which undergird these
evaluations. These assessments reliably track along liberal and conservative
dimensions and are linked to the way values associated with purity and sanctity
elicit greater degrees of disgust among conservatives. Here, we review a growing
literature showing how disgust affects the psychology of politics through its
influence on the cognitive and emotional processes that govern judgments of
morality, as well as its direct impact on specific policy preferences. We then apply
these findings to the nature and tenor of political discourse and suggest some ways
that disgust might affect the character and function of democratic debate and
tolerance. Finally, we discuss what these findings mean for public policy.
An Economic Ranking of the US Presidents, 1789–2009: A Data-Based
Approach
Authors: Taylor Mark Zachary 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHow relatively good or bad were the economic performances of our past presidents?
The answers to this question remain unclear. Most evaluations of presidential
performance cloud the issue with partisan bias and subjective judgments or mix
economics together with other policy areas. To address these shortcomings, this
article uses new data from the Measuring Worth Project to calculate the relative
economic rankings of the United States presidents who served from 1789 until 2009.
It analyzes up to 220 years of data on economic growth, unemployment, inflation,
government debt, balance of payments, income inequality, currency strength, interest
rates, and stock market returns to estimate an economic grade point average for each
president. Then, these estimates are used to test for correlations with other
variables to generate hypotheses regarding the conditions for superior and inferior
economic performance.
Obama and 2012: Still a Racial Cost to Pay?
Authors: Tien Charles , Nadeau Richard , Lewis-Beck Michael S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWill President Obama lose votes in 2012 because of racial prejudice? For 2008, we estimated, via a carefully controlled, national survey-based study, that on balance he lost about five percentage points in popular vote share due to intolerance for his race on the part of some voters. What about 2012? There are at least three possibilities: (1) the presidency has become postracial, and the vote will register no racial cost; (2) intolerance has increased, and the vote will register an increased racial cost; and (3) intolerance has decreased, and the vote will register a decreased racial cost. Our evidence, drawn from an analysis comparable to that carried out for 2008, suggests Obama will pay a racial cost of three percentage points in popular vote share. In other words, his candidacy will experience a decrease in racial cost, if a small one. In 2008, this racial cost denied Obama a landslide victory. In the context of a closer election in 2012, this persistent racial cost, even smaller in size, could perhaps cost him his reelection.
When Plato Meets Popkin: Combining Political Philosophy and Empirical
Content in the Classroom
Authors: Knoll Benjamin R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGiven that students often express a desire for course content to be more “relevant”
and applicable to their lives, I describe one method for effectively addressing this
concern through the organization of the course syllabus. The content of empirically
driven courses can be framed within the context of philosophically driven normative
questions. In other words, instructors can explicitly construct course narratives
that frame the empirically based course content as an attempt to answer (or, at
least, shed new light on) important, relevant, and on-going questions raised by
political philosophy. I offer examples from two of my own courses, Political
Psychology and Local Politics, and discuss the various pedagogical and instructional
advantages of such a method.
Who Wants to Have a Tea Party? The Who, What, and Why of the Tea Party Movement
Authors: Arceneaux Kevin , Nicholson Stephen P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the wake of the 2008 election, disgruntled conservatives organized opposition to President Obama's policies under a new movement dubbed the Tea Party. As an emerging force in American politics, we seek to understand who supports the Tea Party and the political attitudes these individuals hold. Using a nationally representative survey of respondents during the 2010 midterm elections, we examine whether the emerging narrative surrounding the Tea Party is accurate. The survey included a novel embedded experiment designed to investigate claims that animosity toward racial minorities drives Tea Party opposition to welfare. We find support for the contention that the Tea Party is predominately white, male, conservative, and strongly opposed to tax increases. Tea Party supporters, however, are not simply libertarians. In spite of appeals to freedom and liberty common in Tea Party rhetoric, a strong authoritarian pulse exists among its most ardent supporters. Furthermore, although we find evidence that racial resentment colors Tea Party members' judgments about government aid to the poor, racial animus does not appear to be the primary force behind their opposition to government aid. Lastly, we uncover some evidence of heterogeneity within the movement, with a small minority of Tea Party supporters voicing less-extreme political attitudes and evincing a rejection of negative racial stereotypes.
Teaching the Middle East: Pedagogy in a Charged
Classroom
Authors: Kirschner Shanna A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStudents in courses about the Middle East want to learn, and they crave discussion.
Yet they enter the classroom with a set of beliefs about the region that interact
with their fears of offending or contradicting their peers. Together, these can
produce a classroom dynamic that ultimately stymies student learning. In this
article, several strategies are described to ameliorate this concern. These range
from short lessons that directly confront student biases about the Middle East, to
close analysis of journal articles and empirical evidence, to structured debates and
simulations, to specific classroom management techniques. Together, these strategies
can promote engaged, lively debate; generate student self-awareness of their
presuppositions; and enhance learning.
Why Just Two Parties? A Voting Game to Illustrate Duverger's
Law
Authors: Smith Keith 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWith the 2012 presidential elections approaching, student interest in (and
frustration with) the US two-party system is likely to grow. Although many
explanations exist for this phenomenon, their number and complexity often overwhelm
students. This article describes an iterative game, designed for a single class
session, that illustrates one of the major institutional explanations for the US
two-party system—Duverger's Law. The game can also spur discussion of some of the
major criticisms of the Law.
Editors' Perceptions of Ethical and Managerial Problems in Political
Science Journals
Authors: Jordan Sara R. , Hill Kim Quaile 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWithin the medical and physical sciences journals evidence suggests that problems
of authorship ethics and journal management bedevil the editors of these journals.
Although anecdotal evidence suggests that similar problems persist in political
science, the extent of these problems within political science is not well
established. Here we report the results of a survey of political science journal
editors' perceptions of ethical and managerial issues associated with their
journals. We find that unlike ethical publication concerns in the clinical and
natural sciences fields, these issues are not of significant concern among our
sample. Ethical problems are of low concern and editors report high levels of
confidence to address these problems. Managerial problems, such as the adequacy of
reviewer pools, are of higher concern to our sample.