bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demethylation of IGFBP5 by Histone Demethylase KDM6B Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Periodontal Tissue Regeneration by Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation and Anti-Inflammation Potentials
Authors: Liu Dayong , Wang Yuejun , Jia Zhi , Wang Liping , Wang Jinsong , Yang Dongmei , Song Jianqiu , Wang Songlin , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration is considered a promising method for periodontitis treatment. The molecular mechanism underlying directed differentiation and anti-inflammatory actions remains unclear, thus limiting potential MSC application. We previously found that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is highly expressed in dental tissue-derived MSCs compared with in non-dental tissue-derived MSCs. IGFBP5 is mainly involved in regulating biological activity of insulin-like growth factors, and its functions in human MSCs and tissue regeneration are unclear. In this study, we performed gain- and loss-of-function assays to test whether IGFBP5 could regulate the osteogenic differentiation and anti-inflammatory potential in MSCs. We found that IGFBP5 expression was upregulated upon osteogenic induction, and that IGFBP5 enhanced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. We further showed that IGFBP5 prompted the anti-inflammation effect of MSCs via negative regulation of NFκB signaling. Depletion of the histone demethylase lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) downregulated IGFBP5 expression by increasing histone K27 methylation in the IGFBP5 promoter. Moreover, IGFBP5 expression in periodontal tissues was downregulated in individuals with periodontitis compared with in healthy people, and IGFBP5 enhanced MSC-mediated periodontal tissue regeneration and alleviated local inflammation in a swine model of periodontitis. In conclusion, our present results reveal a new function for IGFBP5, provide insight into the mechanism underlying the directed differentiation and anti-inflammation capacities of MSCs, and identify a potential target mediator for improving tissue regeneration. Stem Cells 2015;33:2523–2536
Novel Pathway for Hypoxia-Induced Proliferation and Migration in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Involvement of HIF-1α, FASN, and mTORC1
Authors: Lee Hyun Jik , Ryu Jung Min , Jung Young Hyun , Oh Sang Yub , Lee Sei-Jung , Han Ho Jae 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The control of stem cells by oxygen signaling is an important way to improve various stem cell physiological functions and metabolic nutrient alteration. Lipid metabolism alteration via hypoxia is thought to be a key factor in controlling stem cell fate and function. However, the interaction between hypoxia and the metabolic and functional changes to stem cells is incompletely described. This study aimed to identify hypoxia-inducible lipid metabolic enzymes that can regulate umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation and migration and to demonstrate the signaling pathway that controls functional change in UCB-hMSCs. Our results indicate that hypoxia treatment stimulates UCB-hMSC proliferation, and expression of two lipogenic enzymes: fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1). FASN but not SCD1 is a key enzyme for regulation of UCB-hMSC proliferation and migration. Hypoxia-induced FASN expression was controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)/SCAP/SREBP1 pathway. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was phosphorylated by hypoxia, whereas inhibition of FASN by cerulenin suppressed hypoxia-induced mTOR phosphorylation as well as UCB-hMSC proliferation and migration. RAPTOR small interfering RNA transfection significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration. Hypoxia-induced mTOR also regulated CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and F-actin expression as well as that of c-myc, p-cofilin, profilin, and Rho GTPase. Taken together, the results suggest that mTORC1 mainly regulates UCB-hMSC proliferation and migration under hypoxia conditions via control of cell cycle and F-actin organization modulating factors. In conclusion, the HIF-1α/FASN/mTORC1 axis is a key pathway linking hypoxia-induced lipid metabolism with proliferation and migration in UCB-hMSCs. Stem Cells 2015;33:2182–2195
CXCR7 Mediates Neural Progenitor Cells Migration to CXCL12 Independent of CXCR4
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Min , Li Yuju , Xu Dongsheng , Wang Yi , Song Aihong , Zhu Bing , Huang Yunlong , Zheng Jialin C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) migration is an essential process for brain development, adult neurogenesis, and neuroregeneration after brain injury. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, CXCL12) and its traditional receptor CXCR4 are well known to regulate NPC migration. However, the discovery of CXCR7, a newly identified CXCL12 receptor, adds to the dynamics of the existing CXCL12/CXCR4 pair. Antagonists for either CXCR4 or CXCR7 blocked CXCL12-mediated NPC migration in a transwell chemotaxis assay, suggesting that both receptors are required for CXCL12 action. We derived NPC cultures from Cxcr4 knockout (KO) mice and used transwell and stripe assays to determine the cell migration. NPCs derived from Cxcr4 KO mice polarized and migrated in response to CXCL12 gradient, suggesting that CXCR7 could serve as an independent migration receptor. Furthermore, Cxcr4 KO NPCs transplanted into the adult mouse striatum migrated in response to the adjacent injection of CXCL12, an effect that was blocked by a CXCR7 antagonist, suggesting that CXCR7 also mediates NPC migration in vivo. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that CXCR7 interact with Rac1 in the leading edge of the polarized NPCs in the absence of CXCR4. Both CXCR7 and Rac1 are required for extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 activation and subsequent NPC migration, indicating that CXCR7 could serve as a functional receptor in CXCL12-mediated NPC migration independent of CXCR4. Together these results reveal an essential role of CXCR7 for CXCL12-mediated NPC migration that will be important to understand neurogenesis during development and in adulthood. Stem Cells 2015;33:2574–2585
Structural Chemistry of Basic Magnesium Acetates, Mg5(μ3‐OH)2(OAc)8·nL and Mg3(μ4‐O)(OAc)4
Authors: Scheurell Kerstin , Troyanov Sergey I. , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThermal dehydration of Mg(OAc)2·4H2O in atmospheric air or dehydration in EtOH produces basic magnesium acetate Mg5(μ3‐OH)2(OAc)8·nL (I) with an open three‐dimensional cage structure. X‐ray diffraction study with the use of synchrotron radiation reveals the structure of the hydrated compound Ia with partial occupancy of channels with water molecules (nL = 1.19H2O) as well as the structure of the solvate with EtOH (n = 2), Ib. All Mg atoms exhibit CNMg = 6. Heating of Ia in vacuo affords magnesium oxoacetate Mg3(μ4‐O)(OAc)4 (II). The crystal structure of II consists of linear μ4‐O‐bridged ribbons further connected to layers by bridging acetate groups, in which Mg atoms exhibit CNMg = 5 and 6.
Bilateral and Unilateral Total Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair (TEP) have Equivalent Early Outcomes: Analysis of 9395 Cases
Authors: Köckerling F. , Schug‐Pass C. , Adolf D. , Keller T. , Kuthe A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionTo date, no randomized controlled trials have been carried out to compare the perioperative outcome of unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernia repair using an endoscopic technique. In a Swiss registry study comparing unilateral with bilateral inguinal hernias, no further details were given regarding the nature of the intra‐ and postoperative complications. In addition, some authors have raised the issue of prophylactic repair of a clinically healthy other groin side.Patients and methodsIn the Herniamed Registry, in total 9395 patients with a TEP were enrolled. These comprised 6700 patients with unilateral (71.31 %) and 2695 patients (28.69 %) with bilateral inguinal hernia repair. The outcome variables, analyzed in a multivariable model, were the intra‐ and postoperative as well as general complication rates, reoperation rate, duration of operation, and length of hospital stay.ResultsWhile no significant difference was found in the overall number of intraoperative complications between the unilateral and bilateral group (p = 0.310), a significantly higher number of urinary bladder injuries in the bilateral TEP operation of 0.28 % compared with 0.04 % for unilateral TEP (p = 0,008) were noted. The greater probability of reoperation (0.82 % for unilateral vs. 1.78 % for bilateral TEP; p < 0,001) in the unadjusted analysis was confirmed in the multivariable model [OR 2.35 (1.504; 3.322); p = 0.001].SummaryA significantly higher intraoperative urinary bladder injury rate and reoperation rate because of postoperative surgical complications constitute a difference in the perioperative outcome between unilateral and bilateral TEP which that warrants attention. Based on these results, prophylactic operation of the healthy other groin should not be recommended.
Understanding the genetic basis of potato development using a multi-trait QTL analysis
Authors: Hurtado-Lopez P. X. , Tessema B. B. , Schnabel S. K. , Maliepaard C. , Van der Linden C. G. , Eilers P. H. C. , Jansen J. , van Eeuwijk F. A. , Visser R. G. F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of plant development in potato requires a proper characterization of plant morphology over time. Parameters related to different aging stages can be used to describe the developmental processes. It is attractive to map these traits simultaneously in a QTL analysis; because the power to detect a QTL will often be improved and it will be easier to identify pleiotropic QTLs. We included complex, agronomic traits together with plant development parameters in a multi-trait QTL analysis. First, the results of our analysis led to coherent insight into the genetic architecture of complex traits in potato. Secondly, QTL for parameters related to plant development were identified. Thirdly, pleiotropic regions for various types of traits were identified. Emergence, number of main stems, number of tubers and yield were explained by 9, 5, 4 and 6 QTL, respectively. These traits were measured once during the growing season. The genetic control of flowering, senescence and plant height, which were measured at regular time intervals, was explained by 9, 10 and 12 QTL, respectively. Genetic relationships between aboveground and belowground traits in potato were observed in 14 pleiotropic QTL. Some of our results suggest the presence of QTL-by-Environment interactions. Therefore, additional studies comparing development under different photoperiods are required to investigate the plasticity of the crop.
Stability and Reproducibility Underscore Utility of RT-QuIC for Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Cramm Maria , Schmitz Matthias , Karch André , Mitrova Eva , Kuhn Franziska , Schroeder Bjoern , Raeber Alex , Varges Daniela , Kim Yong-Sun , Satoh Katsuya , Collins Steven , Zerr Inga 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) allows the amplification of miniscule amounts of scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). Recent studies applied the RT-QuIC methodology to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnosing human prion diseases. However, to date, there has not been a formal multi-centre assessment of the reproducibility, validity and stability of RT-QuIC in this context, an indispensable step for establishment as a diagnostic test in clinical practice. In the present study, we analysed CSF from 110 prion disease patients and 400 control patients using the RT-QuIC method under various conditions. In addition, “blinded” ring trials between different participating sites were performed to estimate reproducibility. Using the previously established cut-off of 10,000 relative fluorescence units (rfu), we obtained a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 99 %. The multi-centre inter-laboratory reproducibility of RT-QuIC revealed a Fleiss’ kappa value of 0.83 (95 % CI: 0.40–1.00) indicating an almost perfect agreement. Moreover, we investigated the impact of short-term CSF storage at different temperatures, long-term storage, repeated freezing and thawing cycles and the contamination of CSF with blood on the RT-QuIC seeding response. Our data indicated that the PrPSc seed in CSF is stable to any type of storage condition but sensitive to contaminations with blood (>1250 erythrocytes/μL), which results in a false negative RT-QuIC response. Fresh blood-contaminated samples (3 days) can be rescued by removal of erythrocytes. The present study underlines the reproducibility and high stability of RT-QuIC across various CSF storage conditions with a remarkable sensitivity and specificity, suggesting RT-QuIC as an innovative and robust diagnostic method.
Retirement Timing of Women and the Role of Care Responsibilities for Grandchildren
Authors: Lumsdaine Robin L. , Vermeer Stephanie J. C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article considers the potential relationship between providing care for grandchildren and retirement, among women nearing retirement age. Using 47,444 person-wave observations from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we find that the arrival of a new grandchild is associated with more than an 8 % increase in the retirement hazard despite little overall evidence of a care/retirement interaction. We document that although family characteristics seem to be the most important factors driving the care decision, they are also important determinants of retirement. In contrast, although financial incentives such as pensions and retiree health insurance have the largest influence on retirement, the opportunity cost associated with outside income seems to have little effect on whether a grandmother provides care. There is little evidence of substitution between caring for grandchildren versus providing care for elderly parents or engaging in volunteer activities; grandchild care is instead taken on as an additional responsibility. Our findings suggest that policies aimed at prolonging work life may need to consider grandchild care responsibilities as a countervailing factor, while those policies focused on grandchild care may also affect elderly labor force participation.
Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge, Participation and Perceptions About Environmental Education in Schools
Authors: Gwekwerere Yovita 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite the ever-growing body of knowledge about human impact on the environment and the need to work towards a sustainable future, participation in environmental action initiatives among the general population remains low. There is an increasingly urgent need to develop a culture of participation among young people who in turn may become future leaders. This article describes a study that was undertaken to investigate pre-service teachers’ environmental knowledge, their willingness to participate in environmental initiatives, and their perceptions about environmental education in schools. The study participants were pre-service teachers between the ages of 19 and 22. Data were collected through online surveys, followed by focus group interviews where pre-service teachers were given the opportunity to expand and comment on the survey responses. Findings from this study are consistent with previous research on pre-service teacher literacy, attitudes, perceptions and participation. However, the pre-service teachers’ perceptions about the role of schools and adults in nurturing environmental awareness and active participation among youth provides educators with new insights for the development of a more comprehensive environmental education curriculum that focuses on integration of theory and action.
Long waves in a straight channel with non-uniform cross-section
Authors: Winckler Patricio , Liu Philip L.-F. 
Published: April 2015

A cross-sectionally averaged one-dimensional long-wave model is developed. Three-dimensional equations of motion for inviscid and incompressible fluid are first integrated over a channel cross-section. To express the resulting one-dimensional equations in terms of the cross-sectional-averaged longitudinal velocity and spanwise-averaged free-surface elevation, the characteristic depth and width of the channel cross-section are assumed to be smaller than the typical wavelength, resulting in Boussinesq-type equations. Viscous effects are also considered. The new model is, therefore, adequate for describing weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave propagation along a non-uniform channel with arbitrary cross-section. More specifically, the new model has the following new properties: (i) the arbitrary channel cross-section can be asymmetric with respect to the direction of wave propagation, (ii) the channel cross-section can change appreciably within a wavelength, (iii) the effects of viscosity inside the bottom boundary layer can be considered, and (iv) the three-dimensional flow features can be recovered from the perturbation solutions. Analytical and numerical examples for uniform channels, channels where the cross-sectional geometry changes slowly and channels where the depth and width variation is appreciable within the wavelength scale are discussed to illustrate the validity and capability of the present model. With the consideration of viscous boundary layer effects, the present theory agrees reasonably well with experimental results presented by Chang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 95, 1979, pp. 401–414) for converging/diverging channels and those of Liu et al. (Coast. Engng, vol. 53, 2006, pp. 181–190) for a uniform channel with a sloping beach. The numerical results for a solitary wave propagating in a channel where the width variation is appreciable within a wavelength are discussed.
The Half Million Quasars (HMQ) Catalogue
Authors: Flesch Eric W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA quasar catalogue is presented with a total of 510 764 objects including 424 748 type 1 QSOs and 26 623 type 1 AGN complete from the literature to 2015 January 25. Also included are 25015 high-confidence SDSS-based photometric quasars with radio/X-ray associations, 1595 BL Lac objects, and 32783 type 2 objects. Each object is displayed with arcsecond-accurate astrometry, red and blue photometry, redshift, citations, and radio and X-ray associations where present. Also, 114 new spectroscopically confirmed quasars are presented.
Diet quality in older age: the influence of childhood and adult socio-economic circumstances
Authors: Atkins Janice L. , Ramsay Sheena E. , Whincup Peter H. , Morris Richard W. , Lennon Lucy T. , Wannamethee S. Goya 
Published: April 2015

Socio-economic gradients in diet quality are well established. However, the influence of material socio-economic conditions particularly in childhood, and the use of multiple disaggregated socio-economic measures on diet quality have been little studied in the elderly. In the present study, we examined childhood and adult socio-economic measures, and social relationships, as determinants of diet quality cross-sectionally in 4252 older British men (aged 60–79 years). A FFQ provided data on daily fruit and vegetable consumption and the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI), with higher scores indicating better diet quality. Adult and childhood socio-economic measures included occupation/father's occupation, education and household amenities, which combined to create composite scores. Social relationships included social contact, living arrangements and marital status. Both childhood and adult socio-economic factors were independently associated with diet quality. Compared with non-manual social class, men of childhood manual social class were less likely to consume fruit and vegetables daily (OR 0·80, 95 % CI 0·66, 0·97), as were men of adult manual social class (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·79), and less likely to be in the top EDI quartile (OR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·88), similar to men of adult manual social class (OR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·55, 0·79). Diet quality decreased with increasing adverse adult socio-economic scores; however, the association with adverse childhood socio-economic scores diminished with adult social class adjustment. A combined adverse childhood and adulthood socio-economic score was associated with poor diet quality. Diet quality was most favourable in married men and those not living alone, but was not associated with social contact. Diet quality in older men is influenced by childhood and adulthood socio-economic factors, marital status and living arrangements.
Spry2regulates signalling dynamics and terminal bud branching behaviour during lung development
Authors: ZHAO YINGYING , O'BRIEN TIMOTHY P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDevelopment of mammalian lung involves reiterative outgrowth and branching of an epithelial tube into the surrounding mesenchymal bed. Each coordinated growth and branching cycle is driven by reciprocal signalling between epithelial and adjacent mesenchymal cells. This signalling network includes FGF, SHH, BMP4 and other pathways. We have characterized lung defects in 36Pubmice carrying a deletion that removes an antagonist of FGF signalling,Spry2. Spry2deficient mice show an enlarged cystic structure located in the terminus of each lobes. Our study shows thatSpry2deficient lungs have reduced lung branching and the cystic structure forms in the early lung development stage. Furthermore, mice carrying a targeted disruption of Spry2 fail to complement the lung phenotype characterized in 36Pubmice. ASpry2-BAC transgene rescues the defect. Interestingly, cystic structure growth is accompanied by the reduced and spatially disorganized expression ofFgf10and elevated expression ofShhandBmp4. Altered signalling balance due to the loss ofSpry2causes a delayed branch cycle and cystic growth. Our data underscores the importance of restricting cellular responsiveness to signalling and highlights the interplay between morphogenesis events and spatial localization of gene expression.
EVOLVING INTERPRETATION OF MULTILATERAL TREATIES: ’ACTS CONTRARY TO THE PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS’ IN THE REFUGEE CONVENTION
Authors: McKeever David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe 1951 Refugee Convention does not apply to a person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that ‘he has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations’ (Article 1(F)(c)). To date, this exclusion clause has generally been interpreted by courts, commentators and UNHCR in a static manner which fails to take into account developments in international law and practice. This paper considers the ‘evolutive approach’ to treaty interpretation, generally, and applies this approach, alongside standard rules of treaty interpretation, to Article 1(F)(c). This paper challenges a number of assertions commonly made regarding this clause, and concludes that it should be interpreted to the effect that conduct amounting to serious or sustained human rights violations, such that would constitute ‘persecution’ for the purposes of Article 1(A)(2) of the Convention, meets the standard for exclusion under Article 1(F)(c).