bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Application of Motivation Theory to Human Factors/Ergonomics
Authors: Szalma James L. 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Motivation is a driving force in human–technology interaction. This paper represents an effort to (a) describe a theoretical model of motivation in human technology interaction, (b) provide design principles and guidelines based on this theory, and (c) describe a sequence of steps for the evaluation of motivational factors in human–technology interaction. Background: Motivation theory has been relatively neglected in human factors/ergonomics (HF/E). In both research and practice, the (implicit) assumption has been that the operator is already motivated or that motivation is an organizational concern and beyond the purview of HF/E. However, technology can induce task-related boredom (e.g., automation) that can be stressful and also increase system vulnerability to performance failures. Method: A theoretical model of motivation in human–technology interaction is proposed, based on extension of the self-determination theory of motivation to HF/E. This model provides the basis for both future research and for development of practical recommendations for design. Results: General principles and guidelines for motivational design are described as well as a sequence of steps for the design process. Conclusion: Human motivation is an important concern for HF/E research and practice. Procedures in the design of both simple and complex technologies can, and should, include the evaluation of motivational characteristics of the task, interface, or system. In addition, researchers should investigate these factors in specific human–technology domains. Application: The theory, principles, and guidelines described here can be incorporated into existing techniques for task analysis and for interface and system design.
Social Conflict in Argentina
Authors: Collado Patricia A. 
Published: October 2014

Social conflict in postcrisis Argentina can be divided into three kinds: that concentrating on land issues and the ability to subsist beyond the market, that confronting the environmental degradation resulting from mining, and that focused on the current dilemmas of labor and union organization. Workers did not disappear as collective subjects in conflict but, starting from their positions in production or in “unproductive” activities such as government services, challenged the dynamics of capital from both old and new social spaces. Their singular practices are part of the conflictual scenario that Our America is currently experiencing and of the resistance in the region that brings new urgency to “living with dignity.” El conflicto social en la Argentina posterior a la crisis se puede dividir en tres tipos: el que se centra en cuestiones de la tierra y la capacidad de subsistir más allá del mercado, el que enfrenta la degradación ambiental resultante de la minería, y el que se centró en los dilemas actuales de la organización laboral y sindical. Los trabajadores no desaparecieron como sujetos colectivos en conflicto, sino que, a partir de sus posiciones en la producción o en actividades “improductivas,” tales como los servicios públicos, desafiarion la dinámica del capital de los viejos y nuevos espacios sociales. Sus prácticas singulares son parte del escenario conflictivo que Nuestra América está viviendo y de la resistencia en la región, que trae una nueva urgencia a “vivir con dignidad.”
Long‐term Dizziness Handicap in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma: A Multicenter Cross‐sectional Study
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Tveiten Øystein Vesterli , Driscoll Colin L. , Neff Brian A. , Shepard Neil T. , Eggers Scott D. , Staab Jeffrey P. , Tombers Nicole M. , Goplen Frederik K. , Lund‐Johansen Morten , Link Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

Objective(1) To characterize long‐term dizziness following observation, microsurgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for small to medium‐sized vestibular schwannoma (VS) using a validated self‐assessment inventory; and (2) to identify clinical variables associated with long‐term dizziness handicap.Study DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingTwo independent tertiary academic referral centers: one located in the United States and one in Norway.Subjects and MethodsAll patients with sporadic VS of less than 3 cm who underwent primary microsurgery, SRS, or observation between 1998 and 2008 were identified. Subjects were surveyed via a postal questionnaire using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and a VS symptom questionnaire.ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 79%. A total of 538 respondents (mean age, 64 years; 56% female) were analyzed, and the mean time interval between treatment and survey was 7.7 years. Pretreatment variables associated with greater dizziness handicap included female sex, older age, larger tumor size, preexisting diagnosis of headache or migraine, and symptoms of dizziness predating treatment. Significant posttreatment features strongly associated with poor long‐term DHI scores included frequency and severity of ongoing headache. On multivariable analysis, treatment modality did not influence long‐term dizziness handicap.ConclusionAt a mean of approximately 8 years following treatment, over half of patients with VS reported ongoing dizziness. The authors have identified several baseline features that may help predict the risk of lasting dizziness. Treatment modality does not appear to influence long‐term DHI score. We found a strong association between posttreatment headache and poor dizziness handicap. Future study is needed to further define this relationship.
Gaming and Simulation for Railway Innovation
Authors: van den Hoogen Jop , Meijer Sebastiaan 
Published: October 2014

Background. Gaming simulation allows decision-makers to experiment with sociotechnical systems, similar to computer simulation. However, the value of these tools in comparison with each other remains uncertain, especially when focusing on their real-life application in systemic innovation processes. Aim. This article builds a framework based on the literature related to innovation of complex systems in a multi-actor environment and intends to use this framework to differentiate between the value of computer simulation and gaming simulation in innovation processes. Method. Using a case study of the introduction of gaming simulation to ProRail, the Dutch railway infrastructure manager, this article explores the advantages and disadvantages of using the two tools in situations where radical innovations need to be invented, explored, tested, and implemented in an incumbent system. Results.Computer simulations, as closed exercises, allow for more radical innovations to be studied. The openness of gaming sessions as well as the need for gamers to interact with a recognizable system inhibit the use of gaming simulation in envisioning radical innovations. However, they are more suitable for the joint commissioning of research and the stepwise testing of small-scale improvements. Gaming simulation is therefore a more appropriate tool for planning a concerted transition in a multi-actor setting. Conclusion.Computer simulation better allows for the building of experimental niches, and gaming simulation better helps in the concerted planning of the implementation of innovations. The article ends with concrete directions for further research as well as ideas about combining the two tools.
A Computer-Assisted Educational Auction Simulation
Authors: Noy Avraham 
Published: October 2014

Background Internet auctions are popular mechanisms to conduct electronic-business transactions. Because they have received a significant attention, auction simulations have spread to a variety of domains. Aim The aim of this article is to examine participation in an educational Internet auction simulation and analyze participants’ behavior and attitude. Method Forty-eight students participated in two auction simulation sessions. Data were collected during the exercise, and questionnaire results were analyzed. Results Findings reveal a long-tail distribution of participation among users. Participants use the simulation mostly in latter phases. Participants’ performance was affected by the intensiveness of participation. Conclusion Long-duration simulations with voluntary participation provide benefits to enthusiastic participants and may suffer from procrastination tendency.
Intervention for young children displaying coordination disorders
Authors: Chambers Mary E , Sugden David A 
Published: October 2014

The years from 3 to 6 are a time when children develop fundamental movement skills that are the building blocks for the functional movements they use throughout their lives. By 6 years of age, a typically developing child will have in place a full range of movement skills, including, running, jumping, hopping, skipping, climbing, throwing, catching, kicking, striking, writing and drawing. These will not necessarily be performed in a competent manner, but the rudiments are there to be developed through later refinement, combination, adaptation and exploration. However, some children on entry into school do not have a full range of these fundamental skills, and this lack of competence in motor skills often affects their academic work and activities of daily living. This study concentrates on the years 3–6 and aims to examine the efficacy of graded intervention programmes for children identified with coordination difficulties and involved working with nurseries, schools and parents. A total of 35 children with coordination difficulties were identified and individual profiles mapped out. The study lasted for 2 years, including assessment and periods of intervention and no intervention. The children were assessed regularly throughout the project using the Early Years Movement Skills Checklist together with diaries and comments from teachers and parents. The children as a group made significant improvement in their motor skills giving cautious optimism to a graded intervention approach. At the end of the study, 32 children had improved their motor skills, and although the remaining three children improved their coordination skills, their test scores remained below the 5th percentile of the Early Years Movement Skills Checklist. Profiles of individual children illustrate the different progression children made. This study has shown that graded intervention programmes for children identified with coordination difficulties have been found to be effective.
Anti-factor IXa/X bispecific antibody ACE910 prevents joint bleeds in a long-term primate model of acquired hemophilia A
Authors: Muto Atsushi , Yoshihashi Kazutaka , Takeda Minako , Kitazawa Takehisa , Soeda Tetsuhiro , Igawa Tomoyuki , Sampei Zenjiro , Kuramochi Taichi , Sakamoto Akihisa , Haraya Kenta , Adachi Kenji , Kawabe Yoshiki , Nogami Keiji , Shima Midori , Hattori Kunihiro 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
A long-term acquired hemophilia A model expressing spontaneous joint bleeds and other bleeds was newly established in nonhuman primates. Weekly SC dose of the anti-FIXa/X bispecific antibody ACE910 prevented joint bleeds and other bleeds in the primate hemophilia A model.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of Lithium-ion batteries by conformal coating of polymer electrolyte
Authors: Plylahan Nareerat , Maria Sébastien , Phan Trang NT , Letiche Manon , Martinez Hervé , Courrèges Cécile , Knauth Philippe , Djenizian Thierry 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This work reports the conformal coating of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (P(MePEGMA)) polymer electrolyte on highly organized titania nanotubes (TiO2nts) fabricated by electrochemical anodization of Ti foil. The conformal coating was achieved by electropolymerization using cyclic voltammetry technique. The characterization of the polymer electrolyte by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) shows the formation of short polymer chains, mainly trimers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm the presence of the polymer and LiTFSI salt. The galvanostatic tests at 1C show that the performance of the half cell against metallic Li foil is improved by 33% when TiO2nts are conformally coated with the polymer electrolyte.
Physical and electrical properties of graphene grown under different hydrogen flow in low pressure chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Iqbal Muhmmad Waqas , Park Jaehyun , Ahmad Muneer , Singh Jai , Eom Jonghwa , Jung Jongwan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hydrogen flow during low pressure chemical vapor deposition had significant effect not only on the physical properties but also on the electrical properties of graphene. Nucleation and grain growth of graphene increased at higher hydrogen flows. And, more oxygen-related functional groups like amorphous and oxidized carbon that probably contributed to defects or contamination of graphene remained on the graphene surface at low H2 flow conditions. It is believed that at low hydrogen flow, those remained oxygen or other oxidizing impurities make the graphene films p-doped and result in decreasing the carrier mobility.
Tunable surface plasmon resonance frequencies of monodisperse indium tin oxide nanoparticles by controlling composition, size, and morphology
Authors: Ma Keke , Zhou Ning , Yuan Meng , Li Dongsheng , Yang Deren 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMonodisperse indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) with high crystallinity have been synthesized by the rapid thermal injection method and the seed-mediated growth method. We demonstrate that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequencies of ITO NPs can be manipulated from 1,600 to 1,993 nm in near-infrared band by controlling the composition, size, and morphology. The doping Sn concentration in ITO NPs could be controlled via changing the %Sn in the initial feed from 0% to 30%. The shortest SPR wavelength at 1,600 nm with 10% Sn doping concentration indicates highest free electron carrier concentration in ITO NPs, which has direct relationship with doping Sn4+ions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SPR peaks can also be tuned by the size of ITO NPs in the case of uniform doping. Besides, compared with the ITO NPs, single crystalline ITO with nanoflower morphology synthesized through the one-pot method exhibit SPR absorption peak features of red-shifting and broadening.
Inter-hospital transfers and outcomes of critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kudlow Paul , Burns Karen EA , Adhikari Neill KJ , Bell Benjamin , Klein David J , Xie Bin , Friedrich Jan O , Wald Ron 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) who are hospitalized at centers that do not provide renal replacement therapy (RRT) are frequently subjected to inter-hospital transfer for the provision of RRT. It is unclear whether such transfers are associated with worse patient outcomes as compared with the receipt of initial care in a center that provides RRT. This study examined the relationship between inter-hospital transfer and 30-day mortality among critically ill patients with AKI who received RRT.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all critically ill patients who commenced RRT for AKI at two academic hospitals in Toronto, Canada. The exposure of interest was inter-hospital transfer for the administration of RRT. We evaluated the relationship between transfer status and 30-day mortality (primary outcome) and RRT dependence at 30 days following RRT initiation (secondary outcome), by using multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for patient demographics, clinical factors, biochemical indices, and severity of illness.

Results
Of 370 patients who underwent RRT for AKI, 82 (22.2%) were transferred for this purpose from another hospital. Compared with non-transferred patients who started RRT, transferred patients were younger (61 ± 15 versus 65 ± 15 years, P = 0.03) and had a higher serum creatinine concentration at RRT initiation (474 ± 295 versus 365 ± 169 μmol/L, P = 0.002). Inter-hospital transfer was not associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 1.12) or RRT-dependence (adjusted odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 3.81) at 30 days.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this observational study and the potential for residual confounding, inter-hospital transfer of critically ill patients with AKI was not associated with a higher risk of death or dialysis dependence 30 days after the initiation of acute RRT.
Hypervolemia increases release of atrial natriuretic peptide and shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Chappell Daniel , Bruegger Dirk , Potzel Julia , Jacob Matthias , Brettner Florian , Vogeser Michael , Conzen Peter , Becker Bernhard F , Rehm Markus 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and volume loading (VL) are standard blood-sparing procedures. However, VL is associated with hypervolemia, which may cause tissue edema, cardiopulmonary complications and a prolonged hospital stay. The body reacts to hypervolemia with release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart. ANP has been shown to deteriorate the endothelial glycocalyx, a vital part of the vascular permeability barrier. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare ANP release and damage to the glycocalyx during ANH and VL.

Methods
ANH or VL with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was administered prior to elective surgery in patients of good cardiopulmonary health (n =9 in each group). We measured concentrations of ANP in plasma and of three main constituent parts of the glycocalyx (hyaluronan, heparan sulfate and syndecan 1) in serum before and after ANH or VL. Heparan sulfate and syndecan 1 levels in urine were also determined.

Results
In contrast to ANH, VL (20 ml/kg) induced a significant release of ANP (approximately +100%, P <0.05) and increased the serum concentration of two glycocalyx constituents, hyaluronan and syndecan 1 (both by about 80%, P <0.05). Elevation of syndecan 1 was also detected in the urine of patients undergoing VL, but no increase was found in patients undergoing ANH. Heparan sulfate levels were not influenced by either procedure.

Conclusion
These data suggest that hypervolemia increases the release of ANP and causes enhanced shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx. This perturbation must be expected to impair the vascular barrier, implying that VL may not be as safe as generally assumed and that it should be critically evaluated.
Postoperative intubation time is associated with acute kidney injury in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Heringlake Matthias , Nowak Yvonne , Schön Julika , Trautmann Jens , Berggreen Astrid Ellen , Charitos Efstratios I , Paarmann Hauke 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with a poor prognosis. Mechanical ventilation is an important risk factor for developing AKI in critically ill patients. Ventilation with high tidal volumes has been associated with postoperative organ dysfunction in cardiac surgical patients. No data are available about the effects of the duration of postoperative respiratory support in the immediate postoperative period on the incidence of AKI in patients after cardiac surgery.

Method
We performed a secondary analysis of 584 elective cardiac surgical patients enrolled in an observational trial on the association between preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation and postoperative organ dysfunction and analyzed the incidence of AKI in patients with different times to extubation. The latter variable was graded in 4 h intervals (if below 16 h) or equal to or greater than 16 h. AKI was staged according to the AKI Network criteria.

Results
Overall, 165 (28.3%) patients developed AKI (any stage), 43 (7.4%) patients needed renal replacement therapy. Patients developing AKI had a significantly (P <0.001) lower renal perfusion pressure (RPP) in the first 8 hours after surgery (57.4 mmHg (95% CI: 56.0 to 59.0 mmHg)) than patients with a postoperatively preserved renal function (60.5 mmHg ((95% CI: 59.9 to 61.4 mmHg). The rate of AKI increased from 17.0% in patients extubated within 4 h postoperatively to 62.3% in patients ventilated for more than 16 h (P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables significantly associated with AKI in the univariate analysis revealed that the time to the first extubation (OR: 1.024/hour, 95% CI: 1.011 to 1.044/hour; P <0.001) and RPP (OR: 0.963/mmHg; 95% CI: 0.934 to 0.992; P <0.001) were independently associated with AKI.

Conclusion
Without taking into account potentially unmeasured confounders, these findings are suggestive that the duration of postoperative positive pressure ventilation is an important and previously unrecognized risk factor for AKI in cardiac surgical patients, independent from low RPP as an established AKI trigger, and that even a moderate delay of extubation increases AKI risk. If replicated independently, these findings may have relevant implications for clinical care and for further studies aiming at the prevention of cardiac surgery associated AKI.
Rotational thromboelastometry predicts thromboembolic complications after major non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Hincker Alexander , Feit Justin , Sladen Robert N , Wagener Gebhard 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Thromboembolic complications contribute substantially to perioperative morbidity and mortality. Routine laboratory tests do not detect patients with acquired or congenital hypercoagulability who may be at increased risk of perioperative thromboembolism. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a digitized modification of conventional thromboelastography that is stable and technically easy to use. We designed a prospective observational study to evaluate whether preoperative ROTEM can identify patients at increased risk for postoperative thromboembolic complications after major non-cardiac surgery.

Methods
Preoperative ROTEM analysis using extrinsic rotational thromboelastometry (EXTEM), intrinsic rotational thromboelastometry (INTEM), and fibrinogen rotational thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) activators was performed on 313 patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Patients’ medical records were reviewed after discharge for results of standard coagulation studies - partial thromboplastin time (PTT), international normalized ratio (INR), platelet count - and evidence of thromboembolic complications during their hospital stay. A thromboembolic complication was defined as a new arterial or deep venous thrombosis, catheter thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism diagnosed by ultrasound or spiral chest computed tomography.

Results
Ten patients developed postoperative thromboembolic complications, of whom 9 had received standard prophylaxis with subcutaneous enoxaparin or heparin. There was no indication of by PTT, INR, or platelet count. Preoperative EXTEM and INTEM activators that assess fibrin clot formation and platelet interaction indicated that these patients had significantly lower clot formation time (CFT) and significantly higher alpha angle (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF), compared to patients without thromboembolic complications. There was no significant difference for any parameter using FIBTEM activator, which excludes platelet interaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for these variables. INTEM clot firmness at 10 min (A10) was the best predictor of thromboembolic complications, with an ROC area under the curve of 0.751.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that preoperative ROTEM assays that include fibrin clot and platelet interaction may detect patients at increased risk for postoperative thromboembolic complications after major non-cardiac surgery. Future studies need to evaluate the clinical utility and cost effectiveness of preoperative ROTEM and better define the association between ROTEM values and specific hypercoagulable conditions.