bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precession-driven flows in non-axisymmetric ellipsoids
Authors: Noir J. , Cébron D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe study the flow forced by precession in rigid non-axisymmetric ellipsoidal containers. To do so, we revisit the inviscid and viscous analytical models that have been previously developed for the spheroidal geometry by, respectively, Poincaré (Bull. Astronomique, vol. XXVIII, 1910, pp. 1–36) and Busse (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 33, 1968, pp. 739–751), and we report the first numerical simulations of flows in such a geometry. In strong contrast with axisymmetric spheroids, where the forced flow is systematically stationary in the precessing frame, we show that the forced flow is unsteady and periodic. Comparisons of the numerical simulations with the proposed theoretical model show excellent agreement for both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric containers. Finally, since the studied configuration corresponds to a tidally locked celestial body such as the Earth’s Moon, we use our model to investigate the challenging but planetary-relevant limit of very small Ekman numbers and the particular case of our Moon.
Role of subtotal tonsillectomy (‘tonsillotomy’) in children with sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Wood J M , Cho M , Carney A S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Sleep disordered breathing in children causes disturbance in behaviour and also in cardiorespiratory and neurocognitive function. Subtotal tonsillectomy (‘tonsillotomy’) has been performed to treat sleep disordered breathing, with outcomes comparable to established therapies such as total tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. This review critically assesses the role of subtotal tonsillectomy in a paediatric setting.Method:The Medline database (1966 to October 2012) was electronically searched using key terms including subtotal or intracapsular tonsillectomy, tonsillotomy, tonsillectomy, paediatrics, and sleep disordered breathing.Results:Eighteen papers were identified and reviewed. Subtotal tonsillectomy would appear to have an efficacy equal to that of total tonsillectomy for the treatment of sleep disordered breathing, and has significant benefits in reducing post-operative pain and analgesia use. Subtotal tonsillectomy patients appear to have less frequent post-operative haemorrhage compared with total tonsillectomy patients.Conclusion:In children, subtotal tonsillectomy is associated with fewer post-operative complications whilst having a comparable effect in improving sleep disordered breathing, compared with total tonsillectomy.
Bovine rabies in Turkey: patterns of infection and implications for costs and control
Authors: VOS A. , ÜN H. , HAMPSON K. , DE BALOGH K. , AYLAN O. , FREULING C. M. , MÜLLER T. , FOOKS A. R. , JOHNSON N. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe incidence of rabies in livestock is an important factor for estimating the economic impact of the disease, but obtaining reliable data is hindered by inadequate surveillance. In order to understand the contribution of livestock rabies to the overall burden of disease, the rabies incidence in cattle was investigated in detail for Turkey between 2008 and 2011. Data were compiled on cattle numbers, samples submitted for rabies diagnosis, vaccinated animals and positive rabies cases in animals for seven regions in Turkey. Rabies incidence in cattle fluctuated annually and differed between regions from 0·10 to 3·87 cases/100 000 animals. The positive influence of compensation schemes was observed. Livestock losses were conservatively estimated at around $250 000 international dollars per annum, although in areas where compensation schemes are not operating this could be an underestimate of the economic burden. Vaccination of cattle remains an option for disease prevention, although oral rabies vaccination through aerially distributed baits should be implemented to prevent the further spread of fox-mediated rabies, which could result in much greater economic costs.
Ecology and distribution of the grey notothen,Lepidonotothen squamifrons, around South Georgia and Shag Rocks, Southern Ocean
Authors: Gregory Susan , Brown Judith , Belchier Mark 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNew information on the biology and ecology of an abundant ‘rockcod’ species,Lepidonotothen squamifrons(family: Nototheniidae), found at South Georgia is presented. Data collected from twenty demersal trawl surveys carried out at South Georgia and Shag Rocks (sub-Antarctic) from 1986–2012 were analysed to investigate distribution, size, maturity and diet. Distribution was patchy with large aggregations in consistent high-density ‘hotspots’ to the east of Shag Rocks and to the west of South Georgia. Fish density was shown to vary between regions of the shelf and between years but there was little evidence of significant changes in catch per unit effort (CPUE) over the duration of the study. Length at first maturity for males and females (37–38 cm, total length) was very similar to that described for the Indian Ocean population. Detailed stomach contents analysis (2005–12) indicated a varied diet dominated by salps/tunicates, but with ontogenetic and depth variations in prey composition.Lepidonotothen squamifronswas shown to be an opportunistic bentho-pelagic forager. Enhanced knowledge of the ecology ofL. squamifronswill be valuable in future research on food web modelling and marine spatial management in the Southern Ocean and to provide baseline data on the ecology of the species in a rapidly changing environment.
Arrhythmias in children with ventricular assist devices
Authors: Kyle W. Buck , Decker Jamie , Macicek Scott L. , Valdes Santiago O. , Morales David , Hong Borah , Price Jack F. , Dreyer William J. , Denfield Susan W. , Kim Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground: Children with decompensated heart failure are at high risk for arrhythmias, and ventricular assist device placement is becoming a more common treatment strategy. The impact of ventricular assist devices on arrhythmias and how arrhythmias affect the clinical course of this population are not well described. Methods and results: A single-centre retrospective analysis of children receiving a ventricular assist device between 1998 and 2011 was performed. In all, 45 patients received 56 ventricular assist devices. The median age at initial placement was 13 years (interquartile range 6–15). The median duration of support was 10 days (range 2–260). The aetiology of heart failure included cardiomyopathy, transplant rejection, myocarditis, and congenital heart disease. In all, 32 patients (71%) had an arrhythmia; 19 patients (42%) had an arrhythmia before ventricular assist device and eight patients (18%) developed new arrhythmias on ventricular assist device. Ventricular tachycardia was most common (25/32, 78%). There was no correlation between arrhythmia and risk of death or transplantation (p=0.14). Of the 15 patients who weaned from ventricular assist device, post-ventricular assist device arrhythmias occurred in nine (60%), with five (33%) having their first arrhythmia after weaning. Patients with ventricular dysfunction after ventricular assist device were more likely to have arrhythmias (p<0.02). Conclusions: Arrhythmias, especially ventricular, are common in children requiring ventricular assist device. They frequently persist for those able to wean from ventricular assist device.
Infant feeding patterns in families with a diabetes history – observations from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) birth cohort study
Authors: Hummel Sandra , Vehik Kendra , Uusitalo Ulla , McLeod Wendy , Aronsson Carin Andrén , Frank Nicole , Gesualdo Patricia , Yang Jimin , Norris Jill M , Virtanen Suvi M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between diabetes family history and infant feeding patterns.DesignData on breast-feeding duration and age at first introduction of cow's milk and gluten-containing cereals were collected in 3-month intervals during the first 24 months of life.SettingData from the multicentre TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, including centres in the USA, Sweden, Finland and Germany.SubjectsA total of 7026 children, including children with a mother with type 1 diabetes (T1D;n292), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM;n404) or without diabetes but with a father and/or sibling with T1D (n464) and children without diabetes family history (n5866).ResultsWhile exclusive breast-feeding ended earlier and cow's milk was introduced earlier in offspring of mothers with T1D and GDM, offspring of non-diabetic mothers but a father and/or sibling with T1D were exclusively breast-fed longer and introduced to cow's milk later compared with infants without diabetes family history. The association between maternal diabetes and shorter exclusive breast-feeding duration was attenuated after adjusting for clinical variables (delivery mode, gestational age, Apgar score and birth weight). Country-specific analyses revealed differences in these associations, with Sweden showing the strongest and Finland showing no association between maternal diabetes and breast-feeding duration.ConclusionsFamily history of diabetes is associated with infant feeding patterns; however, the associations clearly differ by country, indicating that cultural differences are important determinants of infant feeding behaviour. These findings need to be considered when developing strategies to improve feeding patterns in infants with a diabetes family history.
Design of patch antenna on LTCC substrate with broadband and high gain at millimetre wave band
Authors: Kim D.Y. , Jun D.S. , Kang D.M. , Lim J.W. 
Published: November 2013

A new antenna structure with broadband and high gain at the millimetre wave bands is presented. This antenna consists of a conventional patch fabricated on a thick low‐temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. By introducing an inner ground plane surrounding the main patch, the propagation of the surface wave is prevented, and antenna gain is increased. Furthermore, the bandwidth of this antenna becomes wider due to the coupling between the main patch resonator and the newly introduced dielectric resonator. The simulated results of the proposed antenna show a bandwidth and peak antenna gain at 60 GHz of 12 GHz and 9.4 dBi, respectively.
Remote life-detection criteria, habitable zone boundaries, and the frequency of Earth-like planets around M and late K stars
Authors: Kasting James F. , Kopparapu Ravikumar , Ramirez Ramses M. , Harman Chester E. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Kepler Space Telescope has detected over 3,000 planet candidates, about a dozen of which are probably rocky planets within the liquid-water habitable zones of their parent stars. Climate-modeling calculations discussed here shed light on the width of that zone. Within the next several years, NASA may obtain spectra of nearby transiting Earth-sized planets around M stars, using its James Webb Space Telescope. NASA hopes to build an even more capable space telescope to perform direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets and take spectra of their atmospheres. Once data are obtained from either of these missions, correct interpretation of possible biomarker gases will become critical. We discuss here how those interpretations might be made.
The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α is dispensable for chronic overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic remodeling
Authors: Pérez-Schindler Joaquín , Summermatter Serge , Santos Gesa , Zorzato Francesco , Handschin Christoph 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is mainly induced by growth hormones and mechanical overload and exerts health beneficial effects. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) are key regulators of skeletal muscle mass and energy metabolism, respectively. Thus, acting in concert, mTORC1 and PGC-1α interplay is thought to regulate skeletal muscle function. Our results indicate that PGC-1α is not required for skeletal muscle hypertrophy and a slow-contractile phenotype induced by chronic overload of the plantaris muscle. In fact, PGC-1α gene expression and global energy metabolism were repressed in this experimental context of muscle hypertrophy. Hence, these results exclude PGC-1α as the main regulator of skeletal muscle remodeling after chronic overload.
Cognition, mood, and physiological concentrations of sex hormones in the early and late postmenopause
Authors: Henderson Victor W. , St. John Jan A. , Hodis Howard N. , McCleary Carol A. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Karim Roksana , Shoupe Donna , Kono Naoko , Dustin Laurie , Allayee Hooman , Mack Wendy J. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Hormone variations after menopause may influence brain processes concerned with cognition and mood. Effects may differ for exposures near menopause compared with much later. We addressed this prediction using serum concentrations of endogenous estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone in 643 healthy women not using hormone therapy (early group, <6 y after menopause; late group, 10+ y). In combined analyses, hormone levels were unrelated to verbal memory, executive functions, global cognition, or mood. For serum estradiol (our primary focus), the relation did not differ between postmenopause groups. In early group women, progesterone levels were associated with better memory and global cognition; this finding merits additional study. Results help clarify cognitive effects of physiological concentrations of sex steroids after menopause.
Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner
Authors: Scheele Dirk , Wille Andrea , Kendrick Keith M. , Stoffel-Wagner Birgit , Becker Benjamin , Güntürkün Onur , Maier Wolfgang , Hurlemann René 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Sexual monogamy is potentially costly for males, and few mammalian species along with humans exhibit it. The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in mediating pair bonds in various species, but as yet, we know little about neurobiological factors that might act to promote fidelity, especially in men. Here we provide evidence for a mechanism by which OXT may contribute to romantic bonds in men by enhancing their partner's attractiveness and reward value compared with other women.
Targeting Wnt-driven cancer through the inhibition of Porcupine by LGK974
Authors: Liu Jun , Pan Shifeng , Hsieh Mindy H. , Ng Nicholas , Sun Fangxian , Wang Tao , Kasibhatla Shailaja , Schuller Alwin G. , Li Allen G. , Cheng Dai , Li Jie , Tompkins Celin , Pferdekamper AnneMarie , Steffy Auzon , Cheng Jane , Kowal Colleen , Phung Van , Guo Guirong , Wang Yan , Graham Martin P. , Flynn Shannon , Brenner J. Chad , Li Chun , Villarroel M. Cristina , Schultz Peter G. , Wu Xu , McNamara Peter , Sellers William R. , Petruzzelli Lilli , Boral Anthony L. , Seidel H. Martin , McLaughlin Margaret E. , Che Jianwei , Carey Thomas E. , Vanasse Gary , Harris Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Targeting the Wnt pathway in cancer is an attractive therapeutic approach. However, success has been limited because of the lack of effective therapeutic agents and the lack of biomarkers to define the patient population that would benefit from such a therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of LGK974, a drug that targets Porcupine, a Wnt-specific acyltransferase. We show that LGK974 potently inhibits Wnt signaling, has strong efficacy in rodent tumor models, and is well-tolerated. We also show that head and neck cancer cell lines with loss-of-function mutations in the Notch signaling pathway have a high response rate to LGK974. Together, these findings provide a strategy and tools for targeting Wnt-driven cancer.
Conformer-specific characterization of nonnative protein states using hydrogen exchange and top-down mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Abzalimov Rinat R. , Bobst Cedric E. , Kaltashov Igor A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Structure and dynamic features of nonnative protein conformations are critically important for a variety of processes, such as folding, recognition, binding, aggregation, and enzyme catalysis to name just a few. Nevertheless, detailed structural characterization of these elusive species is difficult, because they almost always coexist in equilibrium with other conformers and cannot be isolated prior to analysis. As a result, most studies report structural features that are averaged across the entire protein ensemble, rather than unique features of individual conformers. This paper reports structural characterization of an individual nonnative protein conformer without interference from other states coexisting in solution under equilibrium.
Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell–derived neocortex
Authors: Kadoshima Taisuke , Sakaguchi Hideya , Nakano Tokushige , Soen Mika , Ando Satoshi , Eiraku Mototsugu , Sasai Yoshiki 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Using 3D culture of human ES cells, we show new self-organizing aspects of human corticogenesis: spontaneous development of intracortical polarity, curving morphology, and complex zone separations. Moreover, this culture generates species-specific progenitors, outer radial glia, which are abundantly present in the human, but not mouse, neocortex. Our study suggests an unexpectedly wide range of self-organizing events that are driven by internal programs in human neocortex development.
Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses identify a family of chlorhexidine efflux proteins
Authors: Hassan Karl A. , Jackson Scott M. , Penesyan Anahit , Patching Simon G. , Tetu Sasha G. , Eijkelkamp Bart A. , Brown Melissa H. , Henderson Peter J. F. , Paulsen Ian. T. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceDrug resistance is an increasing problem in clinical settings with some bacterial pathogens now resistant to virtually all available drugs. Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic and disinfectant in hospital environments, and there is increasing resistance to chlorhexidine seen in some pathogenic bacteria, such asAcinetobacter baumannii. This paper examines the global gene expression ofA. baumanniiin response to chlorhexidine exposure and identifies a gene that we demonstrate to mediate chlorhexidine resistance. Biochemical investigation reveals that this gene encodes a previously uncharacterized type of drug efflux pump that actively transports chlorhexidine out of the cell.
Solar water splitting in a molecular photoelectrochemical cell
Authors: Alibabaei Leila , Brennaman M. Kyle , Norris Michael R. , Kalanyan Berç , Song Wenjing , Losego Mark D. , Concepcion Javier J. , Binstead Robert A. , Parsons Gregory N. , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceSolar water splitting into H2and O2with visible light has been achieved by a molecular assembly. The dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell configuration combined with core–shell structures with a thin layer of TiO2on transparent, nanostructured transparent conducting oxides (TCO), with the outer TiO2shell formed by atomic layer deposition. In this configuration, excitation and injection occur rapidly and efficiently with the injected electrons collected by the nanostructured TCO on the nanosecond timescale where they are collected by the planar conductive electrode and transmitted to the cathode for H2production. This allows multiple oxidative equivalents to accumulate at a remote catalyst where water oxidation catalysis occurs.
Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement
Authors: Schiller Daniela , Kanen Jonathan W. , LeDoux Joseph E. , Monfils Marie-H. , Phelps Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
An advantage of targeting reconsolidation to control reactions to learned threats is that the memory appears to be persistently altered, not inhibited. When these memories are diminished through extinction, the amygdala’s representation remains largely intact and the prefrontal cortex inhibits its expression, thus allowing the learned responses to recover. Targeting reconsolidation, therefore, should eliminate the necessity of prefrontal inhibition. We tested this hypothesis by contrasting standard extinction with extinction occurring during reconsolidation. We observed that behavioral interference of reconsolidation appears to bypass the prefrontal circuitry of extinction, inducing a more persistent loss of learned responses. Application of this strategy, which targets underlying learned threat processes, to fear and anxiety disorders may provide a more effective approach to treatment.
Effect of Preoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Surgical Site Infections Complicating Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Finkelstein Renato , Rabino Galit , Mashiach Tania , Bar-El Yaron , Adler Zvi , Kertzman Victor , Cohen Oved , Milo Simcha 
Published: November 2013

Objective.To evaluate the effect of an optimized policy for antibiotic prophylaxis on surgical site infection (SSI) rates in cardiac surgery.Design.Prospective cohort study.Setting.Tertiary medical center in Israel.Methods.SSIs were recorded during a 10-year study period and ascertained through routine surveillance using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) methodology. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine which significant covariates, including the administration of preoperative prophylaxis, affected these outcomes.Results.A total of 2,637 of 3,170 evaluated patients were included, and the overall SSI rate was 8.4%. A greater than 50% reduction in SSI rates was observed in the last 4 years of the study. Overall and site-specific infection rates were similar for patients receiving cefazolin or vancomycin. SSIs developed in 206 (8.1%) of the 2,536 patients who received preoperative prophylaxis (within 2 hours of the first incision) compared with 14 (13.9%) of 101 patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis at a different time (P= .04; odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–3.3). After accounting for covariates, preoperative hospital stay (5 days or more), an NHSN risk category (2 or 3), age (60 years or more), surgeon's role, and the period of measurement were significantly associated with SSIs. Emergency surgery, age, surgeon's role, and nonpreoperative prophylaxis were found to be independent predictors of superficial SSI.Conclusions.We observed a progressive and significant decrease in SSI rates after the implementation of an infection control program that included an optimized policy of preoperative prophylaxis in cardiac surgery.
Alignment in star–debris disc systems seen by Herschel
Authors: Greaves J. S. , Kennedy G. M. , Thureau N. , Eiroa C. , Marshall J. P. , Maldonado J. , Matthews B. C. , Olofsson G. , Barlow M. J. , Moro-Martín A. , Sibthorpe B. , Absil O. , Ardila D. R. , Booth M. , Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Brown D. J. A. , Cameron A. Collier , Burgo C. del , Francesco J. Di , Eislöffel J. , Duchêne G. , Ertel S. , Holland W. S. , Horner J. , Kalas P. , Kavelaars J. J. , Lestrade J.-F. , Vican L. , Wilner D. J. , Wolf S. , Wyatt M. C. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Many nearby main-sequence stars have been searched for debris using the far-infrared Herschel satellite, within the DEBRIS, DUNES and Guaranteed-Time Key Projects. We discuss here 11 stars of spectral types A–M where the stellar inclination is known and can be compared to that of the spatially resolved dust belts. The discs are found to be well aligned with the stellar equators, as in the case of the Sun's Kuiper belt, and unlike many close-in planets seen in transit surveys. The ensemble of stars here can be fitted with a star–disc tilt of ≲ 10°. These results suggest that proposed mechanisms for tilting the star or disc in fact operate rarely. A few systems also host imaged planets, whose orbits at tens of au are aligned with the debris discs, contrary to what might be expected in models where external perturbers induce tilts.