bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caribbean Civil Society: Development Role and Policy Implications
Authors: Bowen Glenn A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCivil society organizations (CSOs) in Caribbean countries have performed social service delivery and program implementation roles for many years. Using survey, interview, and document review techniques, this cross-national study explored the potential role of nonprofit, nongovernmental, and community-based organizations in regional integration and development. The study has found that Caribbean CSOs perform functions primarily in four areas – social services, community building, local economic development, and sustainable development – while aspiring to carry out more substantial development functions. Their role in development could encompass development planning, public-policy formulation, economic development promotion, and program/project implementation and evaluation. In this article, issues affecting the effectiveness of CSOs are identified and a remedial approach is recommended. The policy implications of a development role for the region’s CSOs are discussed.
Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in organic synthesis
Authors: Shahbazali Elnaz , Hessel Volker , Noël Timothy , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews recent developments on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles in micro and millifluidic devices and their catalytic application in organic flow synthesis. A variety of synthesis methods using microfluidics is presented for gold, silver, palladium, platinum, and copper nanoparticles, including the formation in single-phase flows and multiphase flows. In the field of organic chemistry, metal nanoparticles can be used as catalysts. This can lead to remarkably improved reaction performance in terms of minimizing the reaction time and higher yields. In this context, various applications of those metal nanoparticles as catalysts in microfluidic devices are highlighted at selected examples. As a new direction and operational window, nanocatalysts may be synthesized in situ in flow and directly utilized in an organic synthesis. This allows making use of highly active, yet instable catalyst species, which may only have a very short life of a few seconds – a type of flashed nanocatalyst organic synthesis.
Vom Treiben. Dérive als Methode
Authors: Diaconu M&# ;d&# ;lina 
Published: August 2013

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff dérive steht für eine zweifache Bewegung: die physische Fortbewegung und das metaphorische Drifting eines Menschen, dessen Lebensweg von der Bahn abgekommen ist. In beiden Fällen bezieht sich das Abdriften auf einen Prozess, in dem sich Passivität in die Handlung einschleicht. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Verschränkung von Aktivität und Passivität anhand von Variationen des Herumtreibens in Städten mit den Schriften Walter Benjamins, Siegfried Kracauers, der Situationisten und Robert E. Parks sowie auch in den frühen Filmen Chaplins. Dabei erweist sich die methodische Praxis von dérive als ein paradoxes Projekt, als gezielte Verirrung, als Handlung des Nichtstuns und berechnete Spontaneität.
Factors affecting orthodontists' management of the retention phase
Authors: Bibona Kevin , Shroff Bhavna , Best Al M. , Lindauer Steven J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that orthodontist characteristics and factors related to retainer choice do not influence the management of the retention phase with regard to frequency and duration of follow-up care provided.

Materials and Methods:
Orthodontists (n  =  1000) were randomly selected to participate in an online survey divided into three categories: background, retainer choice, and time management.

Results:
Of the 1000 selected participants, 894 responded. When deciding the type of retainer to use, the following were considered most frequently: pretreatment malocclusion (91%), patient compliance (87%), patient oral hygiene (84%), and patients' desires (81%). Orthodontists who considered the presence of third molars (P  =  .03) or “special needs” patients (P  =  .02) had significantly more follow-up visits than those who did not. When vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) were prescribed, there were significantly fewer visits (P  =  .02) compared to when other types of retainers were used. As practitioner experience increased, so did the number of visits (P &lt; .0001). Orthodontists who considered the primary responsibility of retention to fall on the patient had significantly fewer follow-up visits (P &lt; .0001) than those who considered it either a joint or orthodontist-only responsibility.

Conclusions:
The null hypothesis was rejected because the number of follow-up visits during the retention phase was affected by practitioner experience, whether VFRs were used, whether the orthodontist considered the presence of third molars or special-needs patients when choosing the type of retainer, and to whom the orthodontist attributed responsibility during the retention phase.
Hypolipemiant Treatment: Making the Right Choice for Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Șipoș Remus , Șuș Ioana , Pap Zsuzsanna , Szalai Anna Szidónia , Gabor Anamaria Victoria , Pávai Z , Brînzaniuc Klara 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: It has been shown that dyslipidemia is related to bone mineral density and fragility. Hypolipemiant drugs as statins or fibrates seem to increase the bone mineral density and probably to protect against fractures. The question that arises in this context is whether statins or fibrates have a positive effect on bone fracture repair process and which is their behaviour in an osteoporotic context. Our objective was to study the incidence of osteoporosis, dyslipidemia and of the association of these diseases, and to compare the effect of statins and fibrates on fracture repair in experimental conditions.
Material and method: We studied the incidence of dyslipidemia and osteoporosis in the activity of a private family medicine cabinet. In the experimental part we observed from a radiographic point of view the fracture repair process of rats’ femurs. We analyzed 6 subgroups of 12 rats each: (1) ovariectomized control, (2) ovariectomized treated with statins, (3) ovariectomized treated with fibrates, (4) nonovariectomized control, (5) ) nonovariectomized treated with statins, (6) ) nonovariectomized treated with fibrates. The radiographic aspect has been objectified with a score at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks.
Results: From the total of 646 patients included in the study, 193 (29.87%) had dyslipidemia while osteoporosis was diagnosed at 152 (23.53%) patients. 301 (46.6%) patients presented the association of these diseases. Comparing the subgroups of the OVX group, we had the following results: subgroup 1 - 5.5 points, group 2 - 11 points and group 3 - 4.5 points. In the case of the NOVX subgroups, the scores were: subgroup 4 - 7.5 points, subgroup 5 - 10 points and subgroup 6 - 6.5 points.
Conclusions: The fact that the incidence of dyslipidemia is higher than that of osteoporosis is an argument for the necessity of choosing a hypolipemiant treatment that has, at the same time, a protective effect on bone. Hypolipemiant treatment influences the fracture repair process. The positive effect of statins on this process is more important on the ovariectomized group, in contrast with fibrates which have an accentuated effect on the nonovariectomized group and this suggests an interference between hypolipemiant treatment and estrogens level. However, the treatment with fibrates delays the fracture repair, groups (3) and (6) scores being inferior to those of the control group. We sustain the helping effect of statins treatment on fracture repair process.
Research Concerning the Correlations Between Urinary Tract Infections and Congenital Malformations of the Renourinary System
Authors: Moréh Zsuzsanna , Voicu Lucia Sanda 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Congenital malformations of the urinary system are risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections (UTI). Besides the severity of the malformation, urinary infection is always associated with poor prognosis for these patients. Late discovery of the malformation background, after several urinary tract infection episodes, contributes to the development of chronic pyelonephritis that may lead to chronic renal failure.
Material and method: The study involved patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations treated at the Pediatric Nephrology Department from Tîrgu Mureș over a period of 6 years, who associated urinary tract infection.
Results: Out of the total of 432 patients with congenital malformations of the urinary system, 270 had had at least one or several episode(s) of urinary tract infections in their medical history. Vesico-ureteral reflux and obstructive lesions of the urinary tract were most frequently associated with urinary infections. During the time when no ultrasound screening had been performed, the malformation background was usually diagnosed at the time of the first urinary infection episodes.
Conclusions: The incidence of urinary tract infections in patients with renal and urinary tract congenital malformations depends on the type of the underlying malformation, and the time of diagnosis of the malformation background. Prevention of irreversible complications requires early diagnosis of the urinary system malformations that can be performed through ultrasound screening in the neonatal period.
Possibilities and Difficulties of Treatment in the Case of a Pregnant Patient with Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Benedek Lázár Erzsébet , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Tunyogi Aliz Beáta , Kakucs Enikő , Cătană Alina , Benedek I 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground: There are several histologic variants and clinical subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which includes the primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma (PMBL). In the last 10 years the incidence of diffuse large lymphomas grew significantly.Case report: We present the case and evolution of an aggressive life-threatening mediastinal B cell lymphoma with respiratory insufficiency, diagnosed in the 27th week of pregnancy. After 4 courses of R-CHOP the clinical status has somewhat improved, but the dyspnea, the facial and neck oedema and the trouble of speech persisted. After the patient was admitted to our hospital, she received DHAP regimen followed by mobilization with G-CSF. Before transplantation we administered another 3 courses of DHAP chemotherapy with spectacular results. We performed autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by BEAM chemotherapy. At present, 5 years post-transplant the patient is well, with no metabolically active disease on the PET-CT performed 3 months ago.Conclusion: We can conclude that even in very complicated DLBCL cases, with a very good, efficient medical-team work we can salvage lives, in our case both of the mother and the child’s. Even in partially chemo-refractory cases like in the presented one, salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation can lead to a successful treatment.
Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Pop-Radu Cristina Corina , Gliga Mirela 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the serum levels of Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in subjects with thyroid disorders, as well as to investigate their relationship with lipid profile and the markers of thyroid function and autoimmunity, admitting that elevated Lp(a) levels and dyslipidemia caused by thyroid disorders synergistically increased the atherogenic process.
Methods: This study enrolled 38 subjects with hypothyroidism, 30 with hyperthyroidism and 55 with euthyroidism. The following parameters were measured: Lp(a), apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B (apo B), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab).
Results: Lp(a) was found with increased mean serum levels in hypothyroid subjects (483.28 ± 281.55 mg/L). Hyperthyroid subjects showed normal levels (253.13 ± 94.29 mg/L) of Lp(a), but significantly lower than those with hypothyroidism and slightly increased levels in the euthyroid subjects (305 ± 100.44 mg/L). In hypothyroidism a significant positive correlation between Lp(a) and TSH, apo B, TC, TG, TC/HDL, VLDL levels and a negative correlation with FT4, T3 and apo AI/B (p < 0.05) was observed. No correlations were found between serum Lp(a) levels, lipids profile and thyroid function parameters in hyperthyroid subjects, neither with TPO-Ab.
Conclusions: The association of hypothyroidism with increased levels of Lp(a) seems to increase the already high cardiovascular risk in the hypothyroid subjects, while increased levels of Lp(a) represents independently a relevant cardiovascular risk factor.
Ulcerative Colitis associated with Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Hoduț Andrei , Simedrea I , Sabău I , Belei Oana , Babi Ionela 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic intestinal inflammation, part of inflammatory bowel disease, which also includes Crohn’s disease. Both have extraintestinal manifestations, but those that tend to occur more commonly with ulcerative colitis include chronic active hepatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and ankylosing spondylitis. Many individuals present with overlapping non-diagnostic features of more than one of these conditions that is referred to in the literature as autoimmune overlap syndrome. Sclerosing cholangitis associated with IBD is often referred to as overlap syndrome.Material and methods: We present the case of a 15-year-old female, with an association between ulcerative colitis, primitive sclerosing cholalangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. She was admitted for: diarrheic bloody stools, abdominal pain, diminished appetite, headache and aphthous stomatitis. Blood sample analysis revealed: hypochromic anemia, iron deficiency, high levels of transaminase, abnormal protein electrophoresis, positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibodies, high level of faecal calprotectin, modified biliary tract on imaging of digestive system and suggestive modifications of colic mucosa for ulcerative colitis. We administered treatment with Arginine Chloride 5%, Sorbitol 10%, Aspartic acid, Vitamin B6, Ursodeoxycholic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid.Results: With the administered therapy the evolution was good, macroscopic blood disappeared from stools, and tests for blood trace in stool were also negative.Conclusions: The patient had simultaneous onset of diarrhea with bloody stools and extraintestinal manifestations. Immunological markers didn’t fully match any of the associated diseases, so we concluded that there was an overlap syndrome. Budesonide was effective on both hepatic and intestinal disease.
Egnos Limitations over Central and Eastern Poland – Results of Preliminary Tests of Egnos-Eupos Integration Project
Authors: Jaworski Leszek , Swiatek Anna , Zdunek Ryszard 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The problem of insufficient accuracy of EGNOS correction for the territory of Poland, located at the edge of EGNOS range is well known. The EEI PECS project (EGNOS EUPOS Integration) assumes improving the EGNOS correction by using the GPS observations from Polish ASG-EUPOS stations.
One of the EEI project tasks was the identification of EGNOS performance limitations over Poland and services for EGNOSS-EUPOS combination. The two sets of data were used for those goals:
statistical, theoretical data obtained using the SBAS simulator software,
real data obtained during the measurements.
The real measurements were managed as two types of measurements: static and dynamic. Static measurements are continuously managing using Septentrio PolaRx2 receiver. The SRC permanent station works in IMAGE/PERFECT project. Dynamic measurements were managed using the Mobile GPS Laboratory (MGL). Receivers (geodetic and navigation) were working in two modes:
determining navigation position from standalone GPS, determining navigation position from GPS plus EGNOS correction.
The paper presents results of measurements’ analyses and conclusions based on which the next tasks in EEI project are completed
Numerical Procedure for Identification of Constitutive Equations Based on Experimental Data
Authors: Baltov Anguel , Yanakieva Ana 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this research experimental data obtained by well-known methods of displacement measurement are considered, whereas a thin cell meshwork has been fixed to the surface of the observed loaded object (thin metal sheet, for instance) and a set of point displacements has been ob- tained. Based on such experimental evidence, an eight point numerical procedure is proposed in the paper to identify the constitutive relations for small time increments. The presented approach is also applicable in case of micro deformations and facilitates the derivation of nonlinear constitutive equations in stress/strain increments. Approximate error es- timation of the procedure is additionally performed, and a test example is given.
Milnor fibration at infinity for mixed polynomials
Authors: Chen Ying 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study the existence of Milnor fibration on a big enough sphere at infinity for a mixed polynomial f: ℝ2n → ℝ2. By using strongly non-degenerate condition, we prove a counterpart of Némethi and Zaharia’s fibration theorem. In particular, we obtain a global version of Oka’s fibration theorem for strongly non-degenerate and convenient mixed polynomials.
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells show considerable promise for regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Harasymiak-Krzyżanowska Izabela , Niedojadło Alicja , Karwat Jolanta , Kotuła Lidia , Gil-Kulik Paulina , Sawiuk Magdalena , Kocki Janusz 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe stromal-vascular cell fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue can be an abundant source of both multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, known as adipose-derived stem cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). The SVF also contains vascular cells, targeted progenitor cells, and preadipocytes. Stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue express common surface antigens, show the ability to adhere to plastic, and produce forms that resemble fibroblasts. They are characterized by a high proliferation potential and the ability to differentiate into cells of meso-, ecto- and endodermal origin. Although stem cells obtained from an adult organism have smaller capabilities for differentiation in comparison to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs), the cost of obtaining them is significantly lower. The 40 years of research that mainly focused on the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) revealed a number of negative factors: the painful sampling procedure, frequent complications, and small cell yield. The number of stem cells in adipose tissue is relatively large, and obtaining them is less invasive. Sampling through simple procedures such as liposuction performed under local anesthesia is less painful, ensuring patient comfort. The isolated cells are easily grown in culture, and they retain their properties over many passages. That is why adipose tissue has recently been treated as an attractive alternative source of stem cells. Essential aspects of ADSC biology and their use in regenerative medicine will be analyzed in this article.
Generalized Discontinuity of Real-Valued Functions
Authors: Zduńczyk Rafał 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We present a proof of the theorem on countability of the set of points of generalized discontinuity of an ( , ) regular real function f:X→ℝ, where is a local system in X and is a partition of X. We start with a definition of a local system in a generalized form and with basic properties of local systems. The concepts are illustrated with examples. The main result is applied both for regularities in the sense of density connected with the Lebesgue measure on ℝn (Lebesgue density) and with Baire category -density), respectively.
On the use of two hydrogen bands for spectroscopic temperature measurement in a low-pressure gas discharge
Authors: Majstorović G. Lj. , Šišović N. M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We report the results of the optical emission spectroscopy measurements of rotational Trot and translational temperature Ttr of hydrogen molecules. The light source was hollow cathode glow discharge with titanium cathode operated in hydrogen at low pressure. The rotational temperature of excited electronic states of H2 was determined either from the relative line intensities of R branch of the GK → B band or from the P, Q and R-branches of the Fulcher-α diagonal band. The population of excited energy levels, determined from the relative line intensities was used to derive rotational temperature of the ground state of hydrogen molecule.
(Re)Considering the Last Fifty Years of Migration and Current Immigration Policies in Germany
Authors: Kaya Asiye 
Published: August 2013

The year 2011 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the bilateral recruitmentagreement that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) signed withthe Republic of Turkey in 1961. According to official figures, the immigrantgroup with roots in Turkey and its offspring make the second largestgroup currently after ethnic German emigrants (resettlers) in Germany.Understanding this migration experience and the broader issues of immigrationin Germany is the motivation behind this special issue.
Temperature regulates positively photoblastic seed germination in four ficus (moraceae) tree species from contrasting habitats in a seasonal tropical rainforest
Authors: Chen Hui , Cao Min , Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: August 2013

• Premise of the Study: Differences in seed germination responses of trees in tropical forests to temperature and light quality may contribute to their coexistence. We investigated the effects of temperature and red:far‐red light (R:FR ratio) on seed germination of two gap‐demanding species (Ficus hispida and F. racemosa) and two shade‐tolerant species (F. altissima and F. auriculata) in a tropical seasonal rainforest in southwest China.• Methods: A R:FR ratio gradient was created by filtering fluorescent light through polyester filters. Four temperature treatments were used to test the effect of temperature on seed germination of the four Ficus tree species across the R:FR gradient.• Key Results: Seeds of the four Ficus species were positively photoblastic. Seed germination of F. hispida and F. racemosa was not affected across the R:FR ratio gradient (0.25–1.19) at 25/35°C, but it was inhibited under low R:FR at 22/23°C. By contrast, germination percentages of F. altissima and F. auriculata were not inhibited along the entire light gradient in all temperature treatments.• Conclusions: Differences in germination responses of Ficus species might contribute to differences in their habitat preferences. The inhibitory effect of understory temperatures in the forest might be a new mechanism that prevents positively photoblastic seeds of the gap‐demanding species such as F. hispida and F. racemosa from germinating in the understory and in small canopy gaps.
Chacun cherche sa place
Authors: Péricone Nicole 
Published: August 2013

La recomposition familiale immerge l’enfant dans une nouvelle (belle-)famille au complet dans laquelle alliances et rivalités sont à négocier. Des similitudes lient grands-parents et petits-enfants par-dessus la génération des parents : même acceptation passive contrainte de la décision de séparation ou de recomposition prise par les parents, même impératif de rester dans le champ du familial, laissant celui du conjugal exclusivement aux parents. L’article analyse l’originalité du lien entre l’enfant et les grands-parents de sa famille d’origine, son caractère inconditionnel, et observe en quoi il va être un appui dans l’aventure de la séparation et de la recomposition. Il pose également la question du « beau-grand-parent » : cette nouvelle relation peut-elle se créer ou non ?