bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status in female dogs with mammary gland tumors
Authors: Pineda Carmen , Raya Ana I. , Morgaz Juan , Sánchez‐Céspedes Raquel , Millán Yolanda , Aguilera‐Tejero Escolástico , López Ignacio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle information exists about vitamin D status in bitches with mammary tumors.ObjectivesTo determine whether low plasma vitamin D concentrations are found in bitches with mammary tumors.AnimalsEighty‐five client‐owned bitches with mammary tumors (n = 21 benign, n = 64 malignant) and 39 age‐matched healthy bitches.MethodsCase‐control study. Plasma ionized and total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, urea, creatinine, albumin, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D), and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all bitches at the time of clinical diagnosis and before any treatments. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variables among groups (control, benign, and malignant).ResultsNo significant differences were found when plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in bitches with malignant (148.9 [59.9] ng/mL) and benign mammary tumors (150.1 [122.3] ng/mL) were compared with control group (129.9 [54.5] ng/mL). Parathyroid hormone was significantly higher in bitches with malignant (19.9 [20.5] pg/mL), and benign mammary tumors (14.6 [14.9] pg/mL) compared with control group (7.5 [7.5] pg/mL; P < .01). Only the presence of mammary tumors (P < .01) and age (P = .04; adjusted R2 = .22) was significant in predicting PTH.ConclusionsBitches with mammary tumors do not have low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations thus vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to be useful for prevention of mammary tumors in bitches.
Multi‐year monitoring shows higher species richness and diversity of fish assemblages in a Danish seagrass meadow as compared to neighbouring non‐vegetated areas
Authors: Olesen Søren Lundgaard , Hansen Michael , Jeppesen Jens Peder , Kühl Michael , Brodersen Kasper Elgetti 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeagrass meadows provide an important nursery and feeding habitat for fish, globally. However, limited data exist on how these vegetated coastal ecosystems affect local fish stocks over longer time periods. By means of beach seine hauling with a bio‐monitoring seine net, we collected fish data in Kronborg Bay (Denmark) over 4 years. The bay contains both vegetated and bare sediment areas in close proximity to Kronborg Castle in Elsinore and is part of the Øresund strait; a dynamic marine environment linking the Baltic Sea with the inner Danish waters (Kattegat). We investigated the biodiversity and fish abundance in a healthy seagrass meadow and compared it with a bare adjacent sediment area. We show that seagrass is important for fish species like the Atlantic cod, the two‐spotted goby, and the broadnosed pipefish. The seagrass meadow harboured more fish species and higher biodiversity, while the number of individuals was higher in the adjacent bare sediment area as a result of high abundances of lesser sand eel. Pilou's evenness and the Shannon‐Wiener index showed 2–4‐fold higher biodiversity in the seagrass meadow. The seagrass meadow harboured about 35% more fish species than the bare adjacent sediment. The Atlantic cod was almost entirely found in the seagrass meadow, while lesser sand eel that showed an overall increase in abundance in both habitats, represented the largest proportion of the total number of fish individuals (up to about 60%) and was mostly found on the bare adjacent sediment. Species abundance was analysed for changes over time, where, for example the European plaice showed an increase in abundance over the 4‐year period of investigation. Seagrass meadows can thus be very important for the Atlantic cod population in the Øresund strait and generally for local fish productivity, abundance and diversity.
Inflation and how to deal with it in France. A policy perspective from an empirical stock‐flow model
Authors: Mazier Jacques , Reyes Luis , Chong Chin Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing an empirical stock‐flow consistent model, we simulate an imported inflationary shock to analyze the macroeconomic impacts on the French economy. Facing the risk of a profit‐price‐wage spiral; alternative economic policy responses are evaluated. Traditional restrictive monetary policy does not seem well‐suited to fight imported inflation as the cost is significant with limited and delayed results. Increased social transfers can help workers support their loss of purchasing power. Reduced Value Added Tax can directly limit the inflation drift, but its concrete implementation may raise difficulties. These measures have a cost for public finances but are affordable if the inflation shock is temporary.
Impact of COVID‐19 on paracoccidioidomycosis. Which was the most influential: The pandemic or the virus?
Authors: Giusiano Gustavo , Tracogna Fernanda , Messina Fernando , Sosa Vanesa , Rojas Florencia , Chacón Yone , Vásquez Andrea , de los Ángeles Sosa Maria , Formosa Patricia , Fernández Mariana , Cattana María Emilia , Mussin Javier , Fernández Norma , Piedrabuena Milagros , Romero Mercedes , Miranda Carola , Posse Gladys , Davalos Florencia , Valdez Ruth , Acuña Alejandra , Aguilera Alejandra , Andreni Mariana , Serrano Julian , Álvarez Christian , Aguirre Diana , Pineda Gloria , Effron Guillermo Garcia , Santiso Gabriela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of COVID‐19 on paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) in Argentina and the consequences generated by the pandemic are discussed. From 2018 to 3 years after the pandemic declaration, 285 proven PCM patients were registered. No association between both diseases was documented. PCM frequency decreased to extremely low levels in 2020. Mandatory social isolation and the emotional and psychological effects generated under pandemic circumstances led to delays in diagnosis, severe disseminated cases, and other challenges for diagnosis in subsequent years. Probable underdiagnosis should be considered due to the overlap of clinical manifestations, the low index of suspicion and the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools.
The recruitment of mechanosensitive enteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric fundus is dependent on ganglionic stretch level
Authors: Mayr Sophia , Elfers Kristin , Mazzuoli‐Weber Gemma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundServing as a reservoir, the gastric fundus can expand significantly, with an initial receptive and a following adaptive relaxation, controlled by extrinsic and intrinsic reflex circuits, respectively. We hypothesize that mechanosensitive enteric neurons (MEN) are involved in the adaptive relaxation, which is initiated when a particular gastric volume and a certain stretch of the stomach wall is reached. To investigate whether the responsiveness of MEN in the gastric fundus is dependent on tissue stretch, we performed mechanical stimulations in stretched versus ganglia “at rest”.MethodsResponses of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric fundus were recorded with membrane potential imaging using Di‐8‐ANEPPS. MEN were identified by small‐volume intraganglionic injection in ganglia stretched to different degrees using a self‐constructed stretching tool. Immunohistochemical staining identified the neurochemical phenotype of MEN. Hexamethonium and capsaicin were added to test their effect on recruited MEN.Key ResultsIn stretched compared to “at rest” ganglia, significantly more MEN were activated. The change in the ganglionic area correlated significantly with the number of additional recruited MEN. The additional recruitment of MEN was independent from nicotinic transmission and the ratio of active MEN in stretched ganglia shifted towards a nitrergic phenotype.Conclusion and InferencesThe higher number of active MEN with increasing stretch of the ganglia and their greater share of nitrergic phenotype might indicate their contribution to the adaptive relaxation. Further experiments are necessary to address the receptors involved in mechanotransduction.
A potent endophytic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinumYZ1 protects against Fusarium infection in field‐grown wheat
Authors: Kimotho Roy Njoroge , Zheng Xin , Li Furong , Chen Yijun , Li Xiaofang 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Fusarium diseases pose a severe global threat to major cereal crops, particularly wheat. Existing biocontrol strains against Fusarium diseases are believed to primarily rely on antagonistic mechanisms, but not widely used under field conditions.

Here, we report an endophytic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum YZ1, that shows promise in combating wheat Fusarium diseases. Under glasshouse conditions, YZ1 inoculation increased the survival rate of Fusarium graminearum (Fg)‐infected wheat seedlings from 0% to > 60% at the seedling stage, and reduced spikelet infections by 70.8% during anthesis. In field trials, the application of YZ1 resulted in an impressive 89.0% reduction in Fg‐susceptible spikelets.

While a slight antagonistic effect of YZ1 against Fg was observed on plates, the induction of wheat systemic resistance by YZ1, which is distantly effective, non‐specific, and long‐lasting, appeared to be a key contributor to YZ1's biocontrol capabilities. Utilizing three imaging methods, we confirmed YZ1 as a potent endophyte capable of rapid colonization of wheat roots, and systematically spreading to the stem and leaves. Integrating dual RNA‐Seq, photosynthesis measurements and cell wall visualization supported the link between YZ1's growth‐promoting abilities and the activation of wheat systemic resistance.

In conclusion, endophytes such as YZ1, which exhibits non‐antagonistic mechanisms, hold significant potential for industrial‐scale biocontrol applications.
Patterns of paternal medication dispensation around the time of conception
Authors: McEwen Isobel , Huybrechts Krista F. , Straub Loreen , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPast research on the safety of prenatal exposure to medications has focused on maternal use during gestation, with limited research into the potential effects of paternal use during the spermatogenic period preceding conception. Knowing the most common medications used by fathers around the time of conception can inform research priorities in this field.ObjectivesTo identify the most common medications dispensed to fathers in the preconception period.MethodsWithin the MarketScan research database of commercially insured individuals in the United States from 2011 to 2020, we identified pregnancies, estimated the date of conception, linked each pregnancy to the father using family enrolment information and required minimum enrolment period and prescription benefits. Then, we described the use of prescription medications by the father during the 90 days before conception based on pharmacy dispensation claims.ResultsOf 4,437,550 pregnancies, 51.6% were linked with a father. Among the 1,413,762 pregnancies connected with a father that also met the inclusion criteria, the most common classes of medications dispensed were psychotropics (8.66%), antibiotics (7.21%), and analgesics (6.82%). The most frequently dispensed medications were amoxicillin (3.75%), azithromycin (3.15%), fluticasone (2.70%) and acetaminophen/hydrocodone (2.70%). Some fathers filled prescriptions for medications associated with foetal embryopathy when used by the mother, including mycophenolate (0.04%), methotrexate (0.03%) and isotretinoin (0.02%).ConclusionsMore than a third of fathers filled at least one prescription medication in the preconception period, and several of them are known to be embryotoxic, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into the potential teratogenicity of paternal exposure.
An update on biotechnological intervention mediated by plant tissue culture to boost secondary metabolite production in medicinal and aromatic plants
Authors: Prashant Shera Pandit , Bhawana Mishra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince prehistoric times, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been employed for various therapeutic purposes due to their varied array of pharmaceutically relevant bioactive compounds, i.e. secondary metabolites. However, when secondary metabolites are isolated directly from MAPs, there is occasionally very poor yield and limited synthesis of secondary metabolites from particular tissues and certain developmental stages. Moreover, many MAPs species are in danger of extinction, especially those used in pharmaceuticals, as their natural populations are under pressure from overharvesting due to the excess demand for plant‐based herbal remedies. The extensive use of these metabolites in a number of industrial and pharmaceutical industries has prompted a call for more research into increasing the output via optimization of large‐scale production using plant tissue culture techniques. The potential of plant cells as sources of secondary metabolites can be exploited through a combination of product recovery technology research, targeted metabolite production, and in vitro culture establishment. The plant tissue culture approach provides low‐cost, sustainable, continuous, and viable secondary metabolite production that is not affected by geographic or climatic factors. This study covers recent advancements in the induction of medicinally relevant metabolites, as well as the conservation and propagation of plants by advanced tissue culture technologies.
CLEM, a universal tool for analyzing structural organization in thylakoid membranes
Authors: Lübben Maximilian K. , Klingl Andreas , Nickelsen Jörg , Ostermeier Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChlorophyll (Chl) plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, functioning as a photosensitizer. As an integral component of this process, energy absorbed by this pigment is partly emitted as red fluorescence. This signal can be readily imaged by fluorescence microscopy and provides a visualization of photosynthetic activity. However, due to limited resolution, signals cannot be assigned to specific subcellular/organellar membrane structures. By correlating fluorescence micrographs with transmission electron microscopy, researchers can identify sub‐cellular compartments and membranes, enabling the monitoring of Chl distribution within thylakoid membrane substructures in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plant single cells. Here, we describe a simple and effective protocol for correlative light‐electron microscopy (CLEM) based on the autofluorescence of Chl and demonstrate its application to selected photosynthetic model organisms. Our findings illustrate the potential of this technique to identify areas of high Chl concentration and photochemical activity, such as grana regions in vascular plants, by mapping stacked thylakoids.
Impact of introduction of a goal directed transfusion strategy in a patient blood management program: A single cardiac surgery centre experience
Authors: Fiameni Riccardo , Lucchelli Matteo , Novelli Chiara , Salice Valentina , Orsenigo Francesca , Gomarasca Mattia , MoroSalihovic Bedrana , Mondin Federico , Mistraletti Giovanni , Beverina Ivo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective and observational study was to analyse the impact of the introduction of a goal directed transfusion (GDT) strategy based on a viscoelastic test (ROTEM®) and specific procoagulant products in a patient blood management (PBM) Program on blood product use and perioperative bleeding in a single cardiac surgery centre.Study Design and MethodsPatient population underwent cardiac surgery from 2011 to 2021 was divided in two groups based on PBM protocol used (G#11–14, years 2011–2014, G#15–21, years 2015–2021) and compared for the following variables: intraoperative and postoperative transfusions of packed red blood cell and any procoagulant products, postoperative drain blood loss volume and rate of re‐exploration surgery.The second program was defined after the introduction of a GDT protocol based on viscoelastic tests and specific procoagulant products.ResultsAfter the introduction of a GDT protocol, about 80% less amongst patients were transfused with fresh frozen plasma and any procoagulant product (p < 0.001 for both phases). Moreover, similar results were obtained with PRBC transfusions (p < 0.001) and drain blood loss volume (p = 0.006) in the postoperative phase.The main factors affecting the use of any procoagulant and PBRC transfusion in the multivariate logistic regression analysis was Group (2 versus 1, OR 0.207, p < 0.001) and preoperative haemoglobin (OR 0.728, p < 0.001), respectively.DiscussionIn our experience, a GDT strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of the coagulopathy in patients undergone cardiac surgery led to a significant reduction in bleeding and transfusion.
Are sanctions costly for the energy industry of sanctioning states? A difference‐in‐differences approach to sanctions during the Russia–Ukraine war
Authors: Nguyen Phuc Van , Ngo Vu Minh , Nguyen Huan Huu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the economic effects of states' implementing sanctions against Russia during the early stages of the Russia–Ukraine conflict in 2022. It specifically examines the effect of these sanctions on the stock returns of energy firms in a sample of 57 countries between August 2021 and October 2022, employing Difference‐in‐Differences imputation estimators to analyse heterogeneous event studies. The results show that sanctions initially lead to a short‐term increase in energy stock returns in the treatment countries, but this effect diminishes over time. The study also reveals that sanctions affect energy stock returns in NATO countries and flawed democracies significantly more than non‐NATO and fully democratic nations. The research includes robustness tests using stricter sanctions dates and an expanded sample, providing valuable insights for policymakers and investors navigating geopolitical events and their economic consequences.
How Static and Cyclic Loading Affect the Mechanical Properties of the Porcine Annulus Fibrosus
Authors: Neptune Andra , McMorran John G. , Gregory Diane E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the effects of prolonged cyclic loading on the tissue-level mechanical properties of the spinal annulus fibrosus. Functional spinal units (FSUs) were obtained from porcine cervical spines at the C3–C4 and C5–C6 levels. Following a 15-min preload of 300 N of axial compression, the FSUs were split into three groups: the cyclic loading group cycled between 0.35 MPa and 0.95 MPa for 2 h (n = 8); the static loading group was compressed at 0.65 MPa for 2 h (n = 10); and a control group which only underwent the 300 N preload (n = 11). Following loading, samples of the annulus were excised to perform intralamellar tensile testing and interlamellar 180 deg peel tests. Variables analyzed from the intralamellar test were stress and strain at the end of the toe region, stress and strain at initial failure (yield point), Young's modulus, ultimate stress, and strain at ultimate stress. Variables evaluated from the interlamellar tests were lamellar adhesion strength, adhesion strength variability, and stiffness. The analysis showed no significant differences between conditions on any measured variable; however, there was a trend (p = 0.059) that cyclically loaded tissues had increased adhesion strength variability compared to the static and control conditions. The main finding of this study is that long-duration axial loading did not impact the intra- or interlamellar mechanical properties of the porcine annulus. A trend of increased adhesion strength variability in cyclically loaded samples could indicate a potential predisposition of the annulus to delamination.
Detecting Toe-Off and Initial Contact in Real-Time With Self-Adapting Thresholds
Authors: Akhetova Sofya M. , Roembke Rebecca , Adamczyk Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research introduces an adaptive control algorithm designed to determine gait phase in real-time using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) affixed to the shank. Focusing on detecting specific gait events, primarily initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO), the algorithm utilizes dynamic thresholds and ratios that facilitate accurate event determination adaptively across a range of walking speeds. Built-in safety checks further ensure precision and minimize false detections. We validated the algorithm with eight participants walking at varying speeds. The algorithm demonstrated promising results in detecting IC and TO events with mean lead of 8.95 ms and 4.42 ms and detection success rate of 100% and 99.72%, respectively. These results are consistent with benchmarks from established algorithms (Hanlon and Anderson, 2009, “Real-Time Gait Event Detection Using Wearable Sensors,” Gait Posture, 30(4), pp. 523–527; Maqbool et al., 2017, “A Real-Time Gait Event Detection for Lower Limb Prosthesis Control and Evaluation,” IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.: Publ. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., 25(9), pp. 1500–1509). Moreover, the algorithm's self-adaptive nature ensures it can be used in scenarios of varying movement, offering a promising solution for real-time gait phase detection.
Haar Wavelet Approach for the Mathematical Model on Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: S. Kumbinarasaiah , R. Yeshwanth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Haar wavelet collocation method, a wavelet technique, is discussed in this article to examine the mathematical model of Hepatitis B virus infection. We took into account the HB virus, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) immune response, birth rate, death rate, and infected and uninfected hepatocytes to identify the dynamics of the hepatitis B virus infection. An ordinary differential equation (ODE) system that is nonlinear makes up this model. Using this method, the Hepatitis B Virus model can be solved by expressing each dependent variable as a Haar wavelet and then converting the system of ordinary differential equations into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The unknown coefficient values are thought to be extracted using the collocation procedure and the Newton–Raphson method. Tables and graphs are used to illustrate the characteristics of the Hepatitis B virus. The obtained results show that the current approach outperforms other approaches found in the literature in terms of accuracy. Mathematica software is utilized to obtain numerical results and nature.
Experimental Investigation of Processing Temperature Effect on Adhesive Bond Strength Between Engineering Thermoplastics in the Plastic Injection Molding Process
Authors: Özel Ali , Soylemez Emrecan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multicomponent injection molding industry is experiencing a growth due to its ability to reduce production costs and streamline processes. However, compared to single injection, multicomponent injection molding introduces interface regions where multiple engineering polymers meet. Consequently, it is essential to comprehend and enhance the adhesive bonding strength properties of these polymers. This study investigates the adhesive bond strength of polymer–polymer multimaterial molding using two-shot bi-injection and overmolding techniques. The research also emphasizes the influence of injection molding process parameters of mold temperature and melt temperature on the adhesive bond strength of polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate–acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC–ABS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and styrene ethylene butadiene styrene (SEBS). Tensile strength results revealed that the bi-injection method yields the highest interface strength, approximately 10 MPa lower than the reference value for single-material hard–hard plastics. Results from overmolded samples for both injection sequences are presented, indicating that material with low melting temperature was found to be the first injected part for better adhesion strength. Empirical equations for estimating adhesion strength were derived as a function of interface temperature obtained from CAE numerical simulations and polymer glass transition temperatures. The proposed equation achieved R2 values greater than 0.96. This empirically derived equation will serve as a guide for multi-injection manufacturing processes.