bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of COD/N and COD/P ratios on the PHA transformation and dynamics of microbial community structure in a denitrifying phosphorus removal process
Authors: Wang Yayi , Geng Junjun , Ren Zhongjia , Guo Gang , Wang Chong , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundA lab‐scale anaerobic‐anoxic/nitrification (A2N) two‐sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was operated to assess the relationship among intracellular polymer conversions, bacterial population dynamics and nutrient removal performance in response to the varying influent COD/N/P.ResultsComplete nutrient removal was achieved in the A2N‐SBR in Run 3 where the COD/P and COD/N were 20.6 and 6.9, respectively. This coincides well with the highest P release/HAc uptake ratio occurring in Run 3, confirming high abundance of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) in the biomass. Under the stress of N or P limitation, more poly‐β‐hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) was synthesized, with the increasing proportion of poly‐hydroxyvalerate (PHV) in PHA. The population biodiversity decreased with increasing carbon loading when P loads were maintained at constant levels, and recovered to the initial level after P loading decreased.ConclusionsIncreasing COD/P promoted anaerobically synthesized PHA amount and favored P removal. Also, PHB seems to be the crucial internal carbon source relating to P release and uptake, whereas high nitrogen and P removal efficiencies always relate to a high proportion of PHV in PHA. Increasing carbon loading led to a decreased biodiversity of the community structure but favored higher PAO enrichments, if only P loading is not limited.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Depicting the semicircular canals with inner‐ear MRI: A comparison of the SPACE and TrueFISP sequences
Authors: Kojima Shinya , Suzuki Kazufumi , Hirata Masami , Shinohara Hiroyuki , Ueno Eiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to depict the semicircular canals of the inner ear by comparing results from the sampling perfection with application‐optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) sequence with those from the true free induction with steady precession (TrueFISP) sequence.Materials and Methods:A 1.5‐T MRI system was used to perform an in vivo study of 10 healthy volunteers and 17 patients. A three‐point visual score was employed for assessing the depiction of the semicircular canals and facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was computed for the vestibule and pons on images with the SPACE and TrueFIPS sequences.Results:There were no susceptibility artifact‐related filling defects with the SPACE sequence. However, the TrueFISP sequence showed filling defects for at least one semicircular canal on both sides in seven cases for healthy subjects and in 10 cases for patients. The CNR with the SPACE sequence was significantly higher than with the TrueFISP sequence (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in depicting the facial and the vestibulocochlear nerves (P = 0.32).Conclusion:For the depiction of the semicircular canal, the SPACE sequence is superior to the TrueFISP sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:652–659. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Usefulness of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR imaging in the evaluation of simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Wu Zhuo , Matsui Osamu , Kitao Azusa , Kozaka Kazuto , Koda Wataru , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ryu Yasuji , Minami Tetsuya , Sanada Junichiro , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the usefulness of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MR imaging (EOB‐MRI) in differentiating between simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as compared with MR in‐phase/out‐of‐phase imaging. The correlations between the MR features and histological characteristics were preliminarily investigated.Materials and Methods:From April 2008 to October 2011, 25 patients (13 simple steatosis and 12 NASH) who underwent both EOB‐MRI and in‐phase/out‐of‐phase imaging were analyzed. The hepatobiliary‐phase enhancement ratio and signal intensity loss on opposed‐phase T1‐weighted images (fat fraction) were compared between the simple steatosis and NASH groups. In the simple steatosis and NASH groups, the correlations between enhancement ratio and histological grade/stage were explored. In the NASH group, fat fraction was correlated with the steatosis score.Results:The enhancement ratio in NASH was significantly lower than that in simple steatosis (P = 0.03). In the simple steatosis and NASH groups, the enhancement ratio was significantly correlated with the fibrosis stage (r = −0.469, P = 0.018). Fat fraction in NASH was strongly correlated with the steatosis score (r = 0.728, P = 0.007).Conclusion:In simple steatosis and NASH, the hepatobiliary‐phase enhancement ratio of EOB‐MRI showed significant association with fibrosis stage, and may be a useful discriminating parameter compared with the fat fraction measured by in‐phase/out‐of‐phase imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;37:1137–1143. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discrimination of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with gastric carcinoma using diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Cheng Jin , Wang Yi , Deng Jie , McCarthy Robert J. , Wang Gongwei , Wang He , Ye Yingjiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the accuracy of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in discrimination of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in gastric carcinoma with rigorous histopathological correlation.Materials and Methods:With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 28 patients with gastric carcinoma underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI before surgery. LNs were resected at surgery and thereafter submitted for histopathological analyses. All histopathologically identified LNs (≥5 mm) that exactly matched the location and size of nodes on MRI/DWI were submitted to lesion‐by‐lesion analyses. Short‐axis diameter, border irregularity, enhanced patterns, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of each LN were recorded. Each measurement was compared between metastatic and benign LNs, confirmed by nodal histopathology. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the capability of morphological and ADC measurements in distinguishing metastatic lymph nodes.Results:The median ADC value of metastatic nodes was significantly lower (1.28 × 10−3 mm2/sec; interquartile range, 1.20–1.31) than that of benign (1.55; 1.47–1.73) nodes (P < 0.001). DWI showed greater diagnostic accuracy in determining metastatic nodes (AUC = 0.857) than the combined morphological measurements of short‐axis, border irregularity, and enhanced patterns (AUC = 0.746, P = 0.03). Adding ADC values to the combined morphologic criteria demonstrated the greatest predictive power (AUC = 0.889).Conclusion:DWI may provide great potential in effective discrimination of metastatic LNs in gastric carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1436–1444. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Air pressure‐induced susceptibility changes in vascular reactivity studies using BOLD MRI
Authors: Yeung David K.W. , Griffith James F. , Li Alvin F.W. , Ma Heather T. , Yuan Jing 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo investigate whether compressed air during air‐cuff inflation in vascular reactivity studies could induce aberrant blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal change.Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments were performed on a whole‐body 3 T scanner. The pattern of T2* signal change measured from a phantom simulating the lower limb was assessed while a thigh cuff was inflated and deflated. MR spectroscopy was performed on a head phantom wrapped using a hand‐cuff to determine the relationship between water peak linewidth and applied cuff pressure. Calf muscles from 14 normal subjects were examined to identify aberrant T2* signal changes in the occluded and nonoccluded legs.ResultsA sudden T2* signal drop was observed in the phantom on initiation of cuff inflation with subsequent signal change being dependent on cuff pressure. Water peak linewidth increased linearly with cuff pressure (r2 = 0.94). Aberrant T2* signal changes were observed in both the occluded and nonoccluded legs.ConclusionCompressed air due to cuff inflation directly affects local magnetic field susceptibility. The T2* sequence is sensitive to local field disturbances induced by an inflated cuff. Muscle BOLD results are affected by high‐pressure air, with a sudden drop in T2* signal being a characteristic feature of this induced effect. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:976–980. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is DARTEL‐based voxel‐based morphometry affected by width of smoothing kernel and group size? A study using simulated atrophy
Authors: Shen Shan , Sterr Annette 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To quantify to what extent the new registration method, DARTEL (Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra), may reduce the smoothing kernel width required and investigate the minimum group size necessary for voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) studies.Materials and Methods:A simulated atrophy approach was employed to explore the role of smoothing kernel, group size, and their interactions on VBM detection accuracy. Group sizes of 10, 15, 25, and 50 were compared for kernels between 0–12 mm.Results:A smoothing kernel of 6 mm achieved the highest atrophy detection accuracy for groups with 50 participants and 8–10 mm for the groups of 25 at P < 0.05 with familywise correction. The results further demonstrated that a group size of 25 was the lower limit when two different groups of participants were compared, whereas a group size of 15 was the minimum for longitudinal comparisons but at P < 0.05 with false discovery rate correction.Conclusion:Our data confirmed DARTEL‐based VBM generally benefits from smaller kernels and different kernels perform best for different group sizes with a tendency of smaller kernels for larger groups. Importantly, the kernel selection was also affected by the threshold applied. This highlighted that the choice of kernel in relation to group size should be considered with care. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1468–1475. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correction of eddy current distortions in high angular resolution diffusion imaging
Authors: Zhuang Jiancheng , Lu Zhong‐Lin , Vidal Christine Bouteiller , Damasio Hanna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To correct distortions caused by eddy currents induced by large diffusion gradients during high angular resolution diffusion imaging without any auxiliary reference scans.Materials and Methods:Image distortion parameters were obtained by image coregistration, performed only between diffusion‐weighted images with close diffusion gradient orientations. A linear model that describes distortion parameters (translation, scale, and shear) as a function of diffusion gradient directions was numerically computed to allow individualized distortion correction for every diffusion‐weighted image.Results:The assumptions of the algorithm were successfully verified in a series of experiments on phantom and human scans. Application of the proposed algorithm in high angular resolution diffusion images markedly reduced eddy current distortions when compared to results obtained with previously published methods.Conclusion:The method can correct eddy current artifacts in the high angular resolution diffusion images, and it avoids the problematic procedure of cross‐correlating images with significantly different contrasts resulting from very different gradient orientations or strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1460–1467. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histological characteristics of small hepatocellular carcinomas showing atypical enhancement patterns on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR imaging
Authors: Choi Yoon Seong , Rhee Hyungjin , Choi Jin‐Young , Chung Yong Eun , Park Young Nyun , Kim Ki Whang , Kim Myeong‐Jin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To define the histological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) showing atypical dynamic enhancement patterns on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI).Materials and Methods:We evaluated a total of 130 small (≤3 cm) HCCs from 114 patients that were surgically removed after EOB‐MRI. Two radiologists blinded to the histological findings retrospectively classified the HCCs into typical or atypical lesions. Gross morphology, nuclear histological grade, presence of vascular invasion, and capsule formation and infiltration were compared between the two groups using Chi‐square or Fisher tests.Results:Atypical dynamic enhancement patterns were seen in 23 HCCs (17.7%). None of the atypical HCC showed vascular invasion (P < 0.001). Atypical HCCs also showed more frequently smaller size (1.6 ± 0.6 cm versus 2.1 ± 0.6 cm, P = 0.001) with 86.9% (n = 20) of which 2 cm or less in diameter (P = 0.001), vaguely nodular appearance (56.5% vs 3.7%, P < 0.001), and nuclear grade I (69.6% versus 6.5%, P < 0.001), while less frequently showed capsule formation (26.1% versus 77.6%, P < 0.001) or capsular infiltration (16.7% versus 77.1%, P = 0.005).Conclusion:Atypical HCCs on EOB‐MRI may be characterized by the absence of vascular invasion, smaller (< 2 cm or less) size, vaguely nodular appearance, and well differentiation, and infrequent capsule formation or capsular infiltration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1384–1391. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transient heating of expressed breast milk up to 65°C inactivates HIV‐1 in milk: A simple, rapid, and cost‐effective method to prevent postnatal transmission
Authors: Hoque Sheikh Ariful , Hoshino Hiroo , Anwar Kazi Selim , Tanaka Atsushi , Shinagawa Masahiko , Hayakawa Yuko , Okitsu Shoko , Wada Yuichi , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from mothers to children occurs through breastfeeding. Although heat treatment of expressed breast milk is a promising approach to make breastfeeding safer, it is still not popular, mainly because the recommended procedures are difficult to follow, or time‐consuming, or because mothers do not know which temperature is sufficient to inactivate HIV without destroying the nutritional elements of milk. To overcome these drawbacks, a simple and rapid method of heat treatment that a mother could perform with regular household materials applying her day‐to‐day art of cooking was examined. This structured experiment has demonstrated that both cell‐free and cell‐associated HIV type 1 (HIV‐1) in expressed breast milk could be inactivated once the temperature of milk reached 65°C. Furthermore, a heating method as simple as heating the milk in a pan over a stove to 65°C inhibited HIV‐1 transmission retaining milk's nutritional key elements, for example, total protein, IgG, IgA, and vitamin B12. This study has highlighted a simple, handy, and cost‐effective method of heat treatment of expressed breast milk that mothers infected with HIV could apply easily and with more confidence. J. Med. Virol. 85:187–193, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is Verbal Irony Special?
Authors: Bryant Gregory A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe way we speak can reveal much about what we intend to communicate, but the words we use often only indirectly relate to the meanings we wish to convey. Verbal irony is a commonly studied form of indirect speech in which a speaker produces an explicit evaluative utterance that implicates an unstated, opposing evaluation. Producing and understanding ironic language, as well as many other types of indirect speech, requires the ability to recognize mental states in others, sometimes described as a capacity for metarepresentation. This article aims to connect common elements between the major theoretical approaches to verbal irony to recent psycholinguistic, developmental, and neuropsychological research demonstrating the necessity for metarepresentation in the effective use of verbal irony in social interaction. Here I will argue that verbal irony is one emergent, strategic possibility given the interface between people’s ability to infer mental states, and use language. Rather than think of ironic communication as a specialized cognitive ability, I will claim that it arises from the same set of abilities that underlie a wide range of inferential communicative behaviors.
Impact of Peptide Micropatterning on Endothelial Cell Actin Remodeling for Cell Alignment under Shear Stress
Authors: Chollet Céline , Bareille Reine , Rémy Murielle , Guignandon Alain , Bordenave Laurence , Laroche Gaetan , Durrieu Marie‐Christine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHSVEC behavior under physiological shear stress in vitro is investigated on PET surfaces micropatterned with both RGDS and WQPPRARI peptides. This technique allows (i) creating geometries on surface to guide cell orientation under shear stress and (ii) controlling surface chemical composition in order to modulate cell behavior. Under shear stress, endothelial cells adhere on patterned PET surfaces and present a more rapid orientation in flow direction in comparison to cells cultured on homogeneous surfaces. Micropatterned surfaces presenting a large surface area ratio of RGDS/WQPPRARI peptides induce fibrillar adhesion, while surfaces presenting an equal RGDS/WQPPRARI peptides surface area ratio preferentially induce focal adhesion. magnified image
Structural Color and Iridescence in Transparent Sheared Cellulosic Films
Authors: Fernandes Susete N. , Geng Yong , Vignolini Silvia , Glover Beverley J. , Trindade Ana C. , Canejo João P. , Almeida Pedro L. , Brogueira Pedro , Godinho Maria H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractShear transparent cellulose free‐standing thin films can develop iridescence similar to that found in petals of the tulip “Queen of the Night.” The iridescence of the film arises from the modulation of the surface into bands periodically spread perpendicular to the shear direction. Small amounts of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) rods in the precursor liquid‐crystalline solutions do not disturb the optical properties of the solutions but enhance the mechanical characteristics of the films and affects their iridescence. Smaller bands periodicity, not affected by the NCC rods, slightly deviated from the shear direction is also observed. NCCs are crucial to tune and understand the film's surface features formation. Our findings could lead to new materials for application in soft reflective screens and devices.
Multigrid methods for cell‐centered discretizations on triangular meshes
Authors: Salinas P. , Rodrigo C. , Gaspar F. J. , Lisbona F. J. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the design of efficient multigrid methods for cell‐centered finite volume schemes on semi‐structured triangular grids. Appropriate novel smoothers are proposed for this type of discretizations, depending on the geometry of the grid. Because of the semi‐structured character of the mesh, on each structured patch, different smoothers can be considered. In this way, the multigrid method is constructed in a block‐wise form, and its global behavior will rely on the components on each block. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the good behavior of the proposed multigrid method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of trench defects in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures
Authors: Sahonta S.‐L. , Kappers M. J. , Zhu D. , Puchtler T. J. , Zhu T. , Bennett S. E. , Humphreys C. J. , Oliver R. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe structural and optical properties of trench defects, which are poorly understood yet commonly occurring defects observed on the surfaces of InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQW), are reported. These defects comprise near‐circular trenches which enclose areas of MQW which give rise to a red shift in peak photoluminescence emission and a change in cathodoluminescence intensity with respect to the surrounding material. Atomic force microscopy shows that the height of trench‐enclosed areas differs from that of the surrounding quantum well structure, and that trenches are unrelated to the commonly observed V‐defects in InGaN films, despite being occasionally intersected by them. Cross‐sectional electron microscopy analysis of trenches with raised centres suggests that the red shift in the observed cathodoluminescence peak emission may be due to the quantum wells being thicker in the trench‐enclosed regions than in the surrounding quantum well area. The mechanism of trench formation and its implication for the control of the emission properties of light‐emitting diodes is discussed.
Influence of defect characteristics on the nanoindentation response of a‐plane GaN thin films
Authors: Kavouras P. , Lotsari A. , Kehagias Th. , Georgakilas A. , Komninou Ph. , Dimitrakopoulos G. P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracta‐plane ($11{\bar {2}}0$) GaN thin films grown under various conditions on r‐plane sapphire by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) were characterized by nanoindentation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It was found that the increase of the built‐in threading dislocation (TD) density induces an increase on the values of both the nanohardness (H) and the reduced elastic modulus (E*). Characteristic single ‘pop‐in’ discontinuities were detected on the loading segments of the load–unload cycle. The TDs appear to cause a decrease of the load for the onset of the pop‐in discontinuity. The dependence of the elastoplastic behaviour on the TD density is attributed to their sessile character, causing them to become obstacles for basal plane slip.
Comparing diagnostic tests: trials in people with discordant test results
Authors: Hooper R. , Díaz‐Ordaz K. , Takeda A. , Khan K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDiagnostic tests are traditionally compared for accuracy against a gold standard but can also be compared prospectively in a trial. A conventional trial comparing two tests would randomize each participant to a testing strategy, but a more efficient alternative is to give both tests to all participants and follow up those with discordant results. Participants could be randomized before or after testing. The statistical analysis of such a trial has not previously been described. We investigated two estimates of the risk difference for a binary outcome: one based on analysing outcomes as if from a conventional trial and one combining estimates of different parameters in the manner of a decision analysis. We show that the trial estimate and decision analysis estimate are both unbiased and derive approximate formulae for their standard errors. By using the decision analysis estimate (but not the trial estimate), the same precision can be achieved by randomizing before testing as by randomizing after. To avoid destroying equipoise, and to allow consenting and randomizing to be carried out at the same visit, we recommend randomizing before testing. Giving both tests to all participants means fewer need to be recruited: in one example from the literature, the proposed design was nearly four times more efficient in this sense than a conventional trial design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.