bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated expression of CCAT2 is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Xu Yunhua , He Chunya , Guo Xiaowei , Zhang Jian , He Chengzhi , Zhang Ling , Kong Min , Chen Baofu , Zhu Chengchu 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesCCAT2, a novel long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is found to promote the metastasis and invasion of colon, lung, and breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the level of CCAT2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to elucidate its clinical significance.MethodsThe expression level of CCAT2 and the status of MYC amplification were examined in 229 ESCC samples using quantitative real‐ time PCR.ResultsCCAT2 was upregulated in ESCC tissues, especially in cases with lymph node metastasis (LNM), advanced TNM stages, and MYC amplification. Furthermore, the level of CCAT2 was positively correlated with TNM stages, LNM, and the number of positive lymph nodes. High CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with TNM stages and LNM. Survival analyses revealed that high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with poorer overall survival in ESCC patients. Furthermore, patients with high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification had a 2.199‐fold increased risk of death compared with those with low CCAT2 expression and MYC non‐amplification.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence associating CCAT2 expression and poor survival in ESCC. CCAT2 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:834–839. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends and predictors of resection of the primary tumor for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Shapiro Mia , Rashid Naim U. , Whang Edward E. , Boosalis Valia A. , Huang Qin , Yoon Charles , Saund Mandeep S. , Gold Jason S. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesOver 130,000 patients are diagnosed with colorectal cancer annually, with approximately 20% presenting with unresectable metastatic disease. Recent consensus guidelines recommend against primary tumor resection for asymptomatic patients with unresectable metastases. Our goal was to examine the trends and predictors of surgical resection.MethodsCases of colorectal cancer with synchronous metastases diagnosed between 1988–2010 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database. Associations between resection and clinicopathologic variables were sought using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 68% of patients with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer underwent primary tumor resection. Resection rates were as high as 76% in the earliest time period (1988–1992) and steadily dropped to 60% in the most recent period (2008–2010). Socioeconomic factors associated with resection on univariate analysis included age, race, gender, marital status, insurance status, and geographic region. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with resection included tumor location, grade, size, and CEA level. In the multivariate model, gender, geographic region, insurance status, tumor location, grade and CEA level were independent predictors of primary tumor resection.ConclusionsSurgical resection of the primary site remains common practice for patients with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer. Treatment disparities are associated with socioeconomic as well as clinicopathologic factors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:911–916. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioactive Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Retinyl Palmitate: A Simple Route Using Ionotropic Gelation
Authors: Fernández‐Gutiérrez Mar , Bossio Ornella , Gómez‐Mascaraque Laura G. , Vázquez‐Lasa Blanca , Román Julio San 
Published: April 2015

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand in incorporating antioxidants into biopolymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in order to enlarge their applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The challenge of the work is to investigate the feasibility of encapsulating retinyl palmitate (RP) into chitosan (Ch) NP via ionotropic gelation. Two routes are addressed in the preparation of the systems, and they have an influence on the physicochemical properties of the NP in addition to the antioxidant amount loaded. The resulting RP‐encapsulated NP has pseudo spherical morphology, average hydrodynamic diameters between 230 and 350 nm and zeta potential values between +12.5 and +30 mV, depending on RP load and procedure. Encapsulation efficiency ranges from about 35% to 64%, and the loading capacity between 4% and 10%. The antioxidant activity studied by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and cytotoxicity of RP‐loaded NP evaluated against human dermal fibroblasts is dependent on RP content and NP concentration.
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SPG11 Mutations Associated With a Complex Phenotype Resembling Dopa‐Responsive Dystonia
Authors: Wijemanne Subhashie , Shulman Joshua M. , Jimenez‐Shahed Joohi , Curry Daniel , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to describe a case of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) resulting from SPG11 mutations, presenting with a complex phenotype of dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), diagnosed using whole exome sequencing (WES). HSP resulting from SPG11 typically presents with spasticity, cognitive impairment, and radiological evidence of thin corpus callosum. Initial presentation with DRD has not been previously reported on. Methods: This 11‐year‐old boy with delay in fine motor skills, presented at 8 years of age with progressive, generalized dystonia with diurnal variation, bradykinesia, and stiff gait. There was marked improvement in dystonia with levodopa, but he soon developed wearing‐off phenomenon and l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia. Family history was unremarkable. Results: Brain MRI showed thinning of the anterior corpus callosum with periventricular white matter changes. 123I‐ioflupane single‐photon emission coupled tomography showed bilateral severe presynaptic dopamine deficiency. WES identified transheterozygous allelic variants in the SPG11 on chromosome 15, including a truncating STOP mutation (p.E1630X) and a second heterozygous coding variant (p.L2300R). Dystonia improved with globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS surgery. Conclusions: HSP resulting from SPG11 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with DRD, parkinsonism, and spasticity. This case expands the HSP genotype and phenotype. GPi DBS may be a therapeutic option in selected patients.
The role of polymers in random lasing
Authors: Sznitko Lech , Mysliwiec Jaroslaw , Miniewicz Andrzej 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this review article, we describe the basic principles of random laser operation with particular emphasis on π‐conjugated, dye‐doped and biologically inspired polymers. Random lasers are unusual types of lasers that use disorder in the light amplifying medium to provide positive feedback for laser operation. Organic systems like polymers are affected with disorder resulting both from their molecular structure and fabrication techniques. Due to this fact polymers seem to fit to role of random lasers and now are being extensively studied in this direction. Despite multiline and multidirectional operation polymeric random lasers have potential for several interesting applications. Here we show that they can be successfully applied to sensing in biology and medicine, encoding of information, display technology and search and rescue. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 951–974
The impact of vocabulary normalization
Authors: Binkley Dave , Lawrie Dawn 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSoftware development, evolution, and maintenance depend on ever increasing tool support. Recent tools have incorporated increasing analysis of the natural language found in source code, predominately in the identifiers and comments. However, when coders combine abbreviations and acronyms to form multi‐word identifiers, they, in essence, invent new vocabulary making the source code's vocabulary differ from that of other software artifacts. This vocabulary mismatch is a potential problem for many techniques imported from information retrieval and natural language processing, which implicitly assume the use of a single common vocabulary. Vocabulary normalization aims to bring the vocabulary of the source in line with that of other artifacts.A prior small‐scale experiment demonstrated the value of vocabulary normalization for C code. A more comprehensive experiment using Java code is presented where normalization fails to bring benefit. To investigate the potential underlying causes, over 20,000 non‐dictionary words extracted from the program JabRef were normalized by hand (often requiring significant external information). The experiment, repeated using the hand‐normalized identifiers, again found that normalization brought no improvement. In response to this unexpected result, the vocabulary differences between Java and C codes are considered and used to help frame directions for future work. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Complexes based on 5‐tert‐Butylisophthalic Acid and 1, 2‐Bis(4‐pyridyl) Ethane
Authors: Xu Bo , Guo Shan , Li Zhi Wang , Li Cun Cheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract. Two coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(bpe)0.5(Htbip)(tbip)0.5]·H2O (1) and [Cd(bpe)0.5(tbip)] (2) [H2tbip = 5‐tert‐butylisophthalic acid and bpe = 1, 2‐ bis(4‐pyridyl) ethane] were synthesized through hydrothermal reactions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 presents a three‐dimensional (3D) six‐connected uninodal structure with the type of topology of svi‐x/I4/mcm → Ibam, whereas complex 2 holds a 2D 44‐sql layer structure. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of the complexes at room temperature were investigated.
Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration for Quantification of Soybean Oil as Adulterant in Biodiesel Fuels
Authors: Guimarães Eloiza , Mitsutake Hery , Gontijo Lucas Caixeta , de Santana Felipe Bachion , Santos Douglas Queiroz , Neto Waldomiro Borges 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis work quantifies the adulteration of ethyl and methyl soybean biodiesels/diesel (B5) blended with soybean oil using mid‐infrared spectroscopy associated with multivariate calibration. The models constructed by the method of partial least squares (PLS) presented low values of root‐mean‐square error of prediction 0.22 % (w/w) and 0.26 % (w/w), respectively, for models containing ethyl and methyl soybean biodiesel. Along with the parameters of error, accuracy was evaluated by the use of an elliptical joint confidence region (EJCR). The EJCR for the both PLS models showed there was no significant difference between the prepared concentration values and PLS predicted concentration values, and that there was no evidence of bias within the 95 % confidence level. The PLS models showed excellent correlation in the prediction set (R = 0.999) and did not present systematic errors according to the ASTM E1655 standard. Therefore, the models presented excellent performance in quantifying soybean oil as an adulterant in B5 blends, in concentrations within the range 1.00–30.00 % (w/w). The proposed methodology showed itself to be efficient for quality control of B5 contaminated with vegetable oil.
Ileal ulcers in a patient with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura
Authors: Shih Ying‐Yu , Liang Cheng‐Chao , Lin Cheng‐Kuan , Hsu Wei‐Fan , Wu Chien‐Sheng , Chung Chen‐Shuan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryHenoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by a classic tetrad of nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthritis, gastrointestinal, and renal involvement. The most common gastrointestinal complaint is abdominal pain. The characteristic endoscopic findings are ulcers seen in the second portion of the duodenum. We present the case of a 45‐year‐old man suffering from abdominal pain. Erythematous purpura over bilateral lower extremities and soreness of the joints developed 3 days before abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography showed an edematous change of the intestinal wall and the distal part of the ileum. A retrograde single balloon enteroscopy revealed several discrete ulcers and hyperemic mucosa in the distal ileum. The middle, proximal, and terminal ileum and ileocecal valve to the rectum were not affected. Under the impression of HSP, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and prednisolone were administered. We concluded that balloon‐assisted enteroscopy is helpful for differential diagnosis of small bowel lesions in adult patients with HSP.
Thickness and clearance visualization based on distance field of 3D objects
Authors: Inui Masatomo , Umezu Nobuyuki , Wakasaki Kazuma , Sato Shunsuke 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel method for visualizing the thickness and clearance of 3D objects in a polyhedral representation. The proposed method uses the distance field of the objects in the visualization. A parallel algorithm is developed for constructing the distance field of polyhedral objects using the GPU. The distance between a voxel and the surface polygons of the model is computed many times in the distance field construction. Similar sets of polygons are usually selected as close polygons for close voxels. By using this spatial coherence, a parallel algorithm is designed to compute the distances between a cluster of close voxels and the polygons selected by the culling operation so that the fast shared memory mechanism of the GPU can be fully utilized. The thickness/clearance of the objects is visualized by distributing points on the visible surfaces of the objects and painting them with a unique color corresponding to the thickness/clearance values at those points. A modified ray casting method is developed for computing the thickness/clearance using the distance field of the objects. A system based on these algorithms can compute the distance field of complex objects within a few minutes for most cases. After the distance field construction, thickness/clearance visualization at a near interactive rate is achieved.
A Dual-enzyme Product Containing Protease in Broiler Diet: Efficacy and Tolerance
Authors: Kocher A. , Hower J.M. , Moran C.A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractExogenous enzymes are commonly added to poultry diets to improve nutrient utilisation, reduce excretion of nutrients into the environment as well as to improve zootechnical performance and reduce the cost of production. A series of four experiments were conducted in broilers to determine the efficacy and tolerance to an enzyme product (Vegpro™) containing protease and xylanase activities in wheat-soybean meal (SBM) diets fed to broilers from 1 to 39 or 42 d of age. Collectively, four experiments tested the following exogenous protease activity levels in wheat-SBM diet at levels of 0, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000 or 100,000 HUT/kg of feed. Analysis of the four experiments together confirmed that Vegpro™ improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, especially in birds up to 21 d of age. Overall, inclusion of Vegpro™ to broiler diets at 10,000 HUT protease per kg of feed was shown to provide the maximum performance benefit (i.e. weight gain and feed conversion ratio). An exceptionally high protease activity (100,000 HUT/kg, ten times the manufacturer's recommended inclusion rate) was well tolerated and did not adversely affect the measured health and performance indicators from 1 to 42 d of age.
Is legal protection sufficient to ensure plant conservation? The Italian Red List of policy species as a case study
Authors: Rossi Graziano , Orsenigo Simone , Montagnani Chiara , Fenu Giuseppe , Gargano Domenico , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Wagensommer Robert P. , Foggi Bruno , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Domina Gianniantonio , Conti Fabio , Bartolucci Fabrizio , Gennai Matilde , Ravera Sonia , Cogoni Annalena , Magrini Sara , Gentili Rodolfo , Castello Miris , Blasi Carlo , Abeli Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe conservation of species listed in the Bern Convention and European Directive 1992/43/EEC (so-called policy species) is mandatory for European Union (EU) countries. We assessed the conservation status of Italian policy species, based on the IUCN categories and criteria, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing protection measures at the national level. Among the 203 vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens evaluated, 41.9% are categorized as threatened, and one is already extinct, indicating that the protection measures for policy species are inadequate. Our results for the Italian policy species are consistent with those of an assessment at the EU level. Conservation priorities should be established at both the national and regional scales. An effective conservation strategy is needed, and in situ and ex situ actions focused on threatened species should be promoted.
Stereotyped at Seven? Biases in Teacher Judgement of Pupils’ Ability and Attainment
Authors: CAMPBELL TAMMY 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is evidence that teacher judgements and assessments of primary school pupils can be systematically biased. This paper tests the proposal that stereotyping plays a part in creating these judgement inequalities and is instrumental in achievement variation according to income-level, gender, special educational needs status, ethnicity and spoken language. Using 2008 data for almost 5,000 pupils from the Millennium Cohort Study, it demonstrates biases in teachers’ average ratings of sample pupils’ reading and maths ‘ability and attainment’ which correspond to every one of these key characteristics. Findings go on to suggest that stereotypes according to each of income-level, gender, special educational needs status and ethnicity all play some part in forming these biases. The paper strengthens the evidence that stereotyping of pupils may contribute to assessment and thereby attainment inequalities, and concludes that an increased focus on tackling this process may lead to greater parity and a narrowing of gaps.
Community structure and ecological specialization in plant–ant interactions
Authors: Barriga Paola A. , Dormann Carsten F. , Gbur Edward E. , Sagers Cynthia L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:Environmental effects on species interactions can be studied by comparative analyses of network structure. For example, comparison of interaction networks among study sites can provide clues to geographic variation of host breadth. Obligate plant–ant interactions are ideal systems to explore these phenomena because they are long term and can be accurately sampled in the field. We tested two hypotheses: (1) network structure and host specialization do not vary among communities, and (2) the effects of plant extinction do not vary among communities. We sampled 10 or more plants for each of the 30 ant–plant species found in three Neotropical locations. We found that network specialization,H2′, was significantly higher than expected in random networks. The ant or plant specialization index,d′, distribution did not vary among localities, neither varied in link or asymmetry distribution. Plant extinction simulations showed that these interactions are vulnerable to plant loss, and the null model was more robust than the observed networks. This study provides a foundation on which plant and ant phylogenies can be added to explore compartment evolution.
Chemoprophylaxis and vaccination in preventing subsequent cases of meningococcal disease in household contacts of a case of meningococcal disease: a systematic review
Authors: TELISINGHE L. , WAITE T. D. , GOBIN M. , RONVEAUX O. , FERNANDEZ K. , STUART J. M. , SCHOLTEN R. J. P. M. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYHousehold contacts of an index case of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are at increased risk of acquiring disease. In revising WHO guidance on IMD in sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review was undertaken to assess the effect of chemoprophylaxis and of vaccination in preventing subsequent cases of IMD in household contacts following an index case. A literature search for systematic reviews identified a single suitable review on chemoprophylaxis in 2004 (three studies meta-analysed). A search for primary research papers published since 2004 on chemoprophylaxis and without a date limit on vaccination was therefore undertaken. There were 2381 studies identified of which two additional studies met the inclusion criteria. The summary risk ratio for chemoprophylaxis vs. no chemoprophylaxis (four studies) in the 30-day period after a case was 0·16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·04-0·64, P = 0·008]; the number needed to treat to prevent one subsequent case was 200 (95% CI 111-1000). A single quasi-randomized trial assessed the role of vaccination. The risk ratio for vaccination vs. no vaccination at 30 days was 0·11 (95% CI 0·01–2·07, P = 0·14). The results support the use of chemoprophylaxis to prevent subsequent cases of IMD in household contacts of a case. Conclusions about the use of vaccination could not be drawn.
Exploring the complexity of the childhood trait–psychopathology association: Continuity, pathoplasty, and complication effects
Authors: De Bolle Marleen , De Clercq Barbara , De Caluwé Elien , Verbeke Lize 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFour different models have been generally proposed as plausible etiological explanations for the relation between personality and psychopathology, namely, the vulnerability, complication, pathoplasty, and spectrum or continuity model. The current study entails a joint investigation of the continuity, pathoplasty, and complication models to explain the nature of the associations between early maladaptive traits and psychopathology over time in 717 referred and community children (54.4% girls), aged from 8 to 14 years. Across a 2-year time span, maladaptive traits and psychopathology were measured at three different time points, thereby relying on comprehensive and age-specific dimensional operationalizations of both personality symptoms and psychopathology. The results demonstrate overall compelling evidence for the continuity model, finding more focused support for pathoplasty and complication effects for particular combinations of personality symptoms and psychopathology dimensions. As expected, the continuity associations were found to be more robust for those personality–psychopathology associations that are conceptually closer, such as the emotional instability/introversion–internalizing problems association and the disagreeableness–externalizing problems association. Continuity associations were also stronger when personality was considered from a maladaptive rather than from a general trait perspective. The implication of the findings for the treatment of psychopathology and personality symptoms are briefly discussed.
A propos de l’(in)définitude des noms d’événements complexes
Authors: KNITTEL MARIE LAURENCE 
Published: April 2015

RÉSUMÉCe travail est consacré aux articles introduisant les SN dont la tête est un nom d’événement complexe (Grimshaw, 1990). On montre d’abord que l’article défini qui, selon Grimshaw, est obligatoire avec ce type de noms, est dû à l’emploi de la construction possessive (Kayne, 1994; Zribi-Hertz, 1998), qui a pour propriété de légitimer l’article défini dès la première mention du nom. Or, le français autorise également l’indéfini avec certains NEC (une ventilation des locaux). Nous montrons que l’emploi de l’indéfini indique le caractère comptable du NEC, et signale que l’événement décrit est présenté sous l’aspect perfectif.