bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moore Curve Fractal‐Shaped Miniaturized Complementary Spiral Resonator
Authors: Ghatak, Rowdra , Pal, Manimala , Goswami, Chiranjib , Poddar D R 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel design of complementary spiral resonators as miniaturized metamaterial particles based on Moore curve fractal shape is presented. The proposed design of metamaterial unit cell is investigated using a microstrip line loaded with series gap discontinuities and implementing fractal shape complementary spiral resonator in ground plane that behaves as a composite right left hand transmission line. It is observed that Moore curve fractal‐shaped spiral resonator provides 49% size reduction as compared to conventional split ring resonators. An equivalent lumped element circuit model of the proposed composite right left handed transmission line is developed to analyze the proposed topology. A close agreement between electromagnetic simulation, circuit simulation, and measurement is obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1950–1954, 2013
System Design Considerations of a Generic Integrated Frequency‐Modulation Continuous‐Wave Radar Front‐End
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Chen Rushan , Wu Ke 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntegrated frequency‐modulation continuous‐wave radars are attractive to a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. The design considerations unique to such an integrated radar front end are studied in this work. Theoretical models as well as experiment results are presented, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed design approach. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1907–1912, 2013
A Wide‐Stopband Bandpass Filter Using < λ/16 Capacitive‐Coupled Short‐Circuited Resonators in Wide‐Gap Coplanar Waveguide Structure
Authors: Kim Jin‐Sup , Lee Kyu‐Bok , Shin Hyunchol 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA compact bandpass filter (BPF) using a very short capacitively coupled resonator exhibits wide‐stopband characteristics. It is based on two <λ/16 short‐circuited resonators built on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) having unusually wide gap. The filter's input/output ports are connected to the resonator through microstrip‐to‐CPW broadside‐coupled transition structure. The proposed filter is simple and compact without employing any additional structural elements that are often used in conventional approaches. It is found that the stopband characteristic can be significantly extended only by properly setting the coupling capacitance of the broadside coupling structure, the length of the resonator, and the CPW gap. A second‐order BPF with a center frequency (f0) of 2.45 GHz and a 3‐dB bandwidth of 10.6% is fabricated on a liquid crystal polymer substrate, demonstrating dramatically extended stopband suppression of 30 dB up to 9.8f0. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1752–1755, 2013
Integrated Phase‐Interrogation LN Optical Waveguide Sensor
Authors: Twu Ruey‐Ching , Hou Hong‐Yao 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe develop a phase interrogation optical waveguide sensor by integrating a phase modulator and a sensing transducer fabricated with the same Zn‐indiffused lithium niobate substrate. The proposed sensing chip effectively reduces the footprint of the measurement setup and has the potential to provide a compact module for a portable metrology system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1821–1823, 2013
Design of A CPW‐FED C‐Shaped Slot Array Antenna for Coal Mine/Tunnel Applications
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a C‐shaped slot array antenna for coal mine or tunnel communications fed by a coplanar waveguide slot line. Each antenna element has a short‐ended C‐shaped slot pair. Instead of working at the basic mode, in the way that traditional half‐wavelength straight slots do, the proposed C‐shaped slot pair of each element operates at the first high‐order mode to realize maximum bidirectional radiation at boresight. The design procedure is generalized, and some influential parameters are studied. A four‐element C‐shaped slot array antenna sample is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth for |S11| ≤ −10 dB is 230 MHz (2.37 GHz to 2.60 GHz), and the measured in‐band maximum gains lie in the range of 9.0–11.1 dBi. The measured bidirectional radiation patterns remain stable without main beam tilting across the 2.4‐GHz WLAN band. The measured and the simulated results show good agreement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1784–1789, 2013
A Novel Multiobjective Taguchi's Optimization Technique for Multibeam Array Synthesis
Authors: Pelosi Giuseppe , Selleri Stefano , Taddei Ruggero 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTTaguchi's method is a quality design technique recently expanded to multiobjective optimization and electromagnetic engineering problems. This novel technique is applied here to multibeam array synthesis and compared to a standard multiobjective genetic algorithm. Results indicate fast convergence, good spreading, and a good number of nondominated solutions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1836–1840, 2013
Parallel evolution of tumour subclones mimics diversity between tumours
Authors: Martinez Pierre , Birkbak Nicolai Juul , Gerlinger Marco , McGranahan Nicholas , Burrell Rebecca A , Rowan Andrew J , Joshi Tejal , Fisher Rosalie , Larkin James , Szallasi Zoltan , Swanton Charles 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntratumour heterogeneity (ITH) may foster tumour adaptation and compromise the efficacy of personalized medicine approaches. The scale of heterogeneity within a tumour (intratumour heterogeneity) relative to genetic differences between tumours (intertumour heterogeneity) is unknown. To address this, we obtained 48 biopsies from eight stage III and IV clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) and used DNA copy‐number analyses to compare biopsies from the same tumour with 440 single tumour biopsies from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of TCGA and multi‐region ccRCC samples revealed segregation of samples from the same tumour into unrelated clusters; 25% of multi‐region samples appeared more similar to unrelated samples than to any other sample originating from the same tumour. We found that the majority of recurrent DNA copy number driver aberrations in single biopsies were not present ubiquitously in late‐stage ccRCCs and were likely to represent subclonal events acquired during tumour progression. Such heterogeneous subclonal genetic alterations within individual tumours may impair the identification of robust ccRCC molecular subtypes classified by distinct copy number alterations and clinical outcomes. The co‐existence of distinct subclonal copy number events in different regions of individual tumours reflects the diversification of individual ccRCCs through multiple evolutionary routes and may contribute to tumour sampling bias and impact upon tumour progression and clinical outcome. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of the Polyphenol Content in the Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Exocarp for the Calibration of a Fruit‐sorting Optical Sensor
Authors: Pinelli Patrizia , Romani Annalisa , Fierini Elisa , Remorini Damiano , Agati Giovanni 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionKiwifruit contains high amounts of anti‐oxidants beneficial to health. Its quality is influenced by ripening time, genotype, cultivation techniques, climate and storage conditions after harvest.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to characterise the phenolic content by HPLC methods and to evaluate the performance of a portable optical sensor (Multiplex 3), for in vivo non‐destructive phenolic compound assessment in kiwifruits.MethodsKiwifruits peel extracts were characterised by reverse‐phase (RP) HPLC with diode‐array detector (DAD) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) with MS using the Zorbax SB‐Aq. column from Agilent. The fluorimetric sensor method is based on the screening of fruit chlorophyll fluorescence excitation and allows the UV absorbance of intact fruit skin to be measured. The flavonol index, FLAV, was calculated as log(FRFR/FRFUV), where FRFR and FRFUV are the chlorophyll fluorescence excited with red and UV light.ResultsHydroxycinnamic acids, procyanidins, and quercetin glycosides were the main polyphenol classes detected by HPLC–DAD–ESI/MS in the kiwifruit skin. A good linear regression (R2 = 0.88) was found between the fluorimetric sensor FLAV index and flavonol chromatographic analysis of the fruits. The FLAV index was able to detect the higher content of flavonols in sun‐exposed fruits with respect to mid‐shaded and shaded ones in accordance with the destructive analysis.ConclusionThe fluorimetric sensor represents a rapid and non‐invasive tool to: (i) monitor the flavonol accumulation in kiwifruit and to assess its quality concerning the healthy anti‐oxidant properties; (ii) evaluate the effect of environmental and agronomical factors related to the fruit quality; and (iii) select fruits with the largest flavonol content, and consequently less susceptible to pathogen attack, in order to improve their storage durability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The positive aspects of caregiving for cancer patients: a critical review of the literature and directions for future research
Authors: Li Qiuping , Loke Alice Yuen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is a vast body of studies exploring the negative aspects of spousal caregiving for cancer patients, there have also been reports on the positive aspects. The objective of this review was to summarize and appraise the positive aspects of spousal caregiving and to identify directions for future research.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identity articles published in English or Chinese from January 1996 to July 2012. Studies were located using an electronic search, a manual search, and an author search.ResultsA total of 35 articles were identified and included in this review. The focus of these studies and their results were described on the basis of the Conceptual Framework of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving. The findings revealed that spousal caregivers for cancer patients experienced various positive aspects of caregiving, such as an enhanced relationship with the care‐receiver, the feeling of being rewarded, a sense of personal growth, and a perception of personal satisfaction. Daily enrichment events and self‐efficacy on the part of the caregivers were identified as the determining factors in the positive aspects of caregiving.ConclusionsAll of the three domains of the positive aspects of caregiving are interdependent and worked together to contribute to the positive outcomes experienced by spousal caregivers. An intervention program specially designed to enhance the positive aspects of caregiving will support spouses caring for cancer patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counting Nomads: British Census Attempts and Tent Counts of the Negev Bedouin 1917 to 1948
Authors: Frantzman Seth J. , Levin Noam , Kark Ruth 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe census of nomadic populations poses a challenge for governing authorities. In 1945, the British Mandatory government of Palestine developed a novel method to enumerate the nomadic Bedouin population of the Negev. By using aerial reconnaissance photography to augment conventional methods, they counted the tents of the tribesmen and marked them on a small scale map. This represented the culmination of years of British efforts to estimate the nomadic population of Palestine's largest administrative area, the Beersheba subdistrict of the Negev Desert, between 1917 and 1948. The aims of this paper were to chronicle, examine, and evaluate the British Mandatory estimates and censuses of the Bedouin population of the Negev undertaken in 1922, 1931, and 1946, and to compare them with their aerial survey of Bedouin tents in 1945. This study brings together a body of primary source material to examine a topic that has not been adequately addressed by researchers, and briefly touches on British strategic interests to invest in this activity. We assess the importance and accuracy of this mapping as well as its implications for the study of the Bedouin population of the Negev. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing of virus‐derived cytoplasmic primary‐microRNAs
Authors: Shapiro Jillian S. 
Published: May 2013

MicoRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that associate with Argonaute (AGO) family member proteins to mediate silencing of host mRNA transcripts. A number of DNA viruses and a single retrovirus exploit this pathway to generate their own miRNAs in an effort to self regulate or combat the host immune response to infection. While natural examples of viral miRNAs have been limited to nuclear viruses, manipulation of cytoplasmic‐restricted RNA virus genomes revealed the ability of these vectors to produce abundant levels of mature, functional miRNAs, exclusively within the cytoplasm. This novel processing mechanism is found to be dependent upon the ribonuclease (RNAse) III proteins Drosha and Dicer, while processing is able to proceed in the absence of the canonical dsRNA binding proteins DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), Tar RNA binding protein 2 (TRBP2), and protein kinase R activating protein (PACT). Processing of cytoplasmic restricted primary‐miRNA transcripts (c‐pri‐miRNAs) corresponds with virus‐induced redistribution of Drosha, implicating the formation of a noncanonical microprocessor. This review will discuss c‐pri‐miRNA processing, the mechanism of miRNA production, and the implications of a virus‐induced cytoplasmic microprocessor. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:463–471. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1169This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA protein interactions governing expression of the most abundant protein in human body, type I collagen
Authors: Stefanovic Branko 
Published: May 2013

Type I collagen is the most abundant protein in human body. The protein turns over slowly and its replacement synthesis is low. However, in wound healing or in pathological fibrosis the cells can increase production of type I collagen several hundred fold. This increase is predominantly due to posttranscriptional regulation, including increased half‐life of collagen messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and their increased translatability. Type I collagen is composed of two α1 and one α2 polypeptides that fold into a triple helix. This stoichiometry is strictly regulated to prevent detrimental synthesis of α1 homotrimers. Collagen polypeptides are co‐translationally modified and the rate of modifications is in dynamic equilibrium with the rate of folding, suggesting coordinated translation of collagen α1(I) and α2(I) polypeptides. Collagen α1(I) mRNA has in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) a C‐rich sequence that binds protein αCP, this binding stabilizes the mRNA in collagen producing cells. In the 5′ UTR both collagen mRNAs have a conserved stem‐loop (5′ SL) structure. The 5′ SL is critical for high collagen expression, knock in mice with disruption of the 5′ SL are resistant to liver fibrosis. the 5′ SL binds protein LARP6 with strict sequence specificity and high affinity. LARP6 recruits RNA helicase A to facilitate translation initiation and associates collagen mRNAs with vimentin and nonmuscle myosin filaments. Binding to vimentin stabilizes collagen mRNAs, while nonmuscle myosin regulates coordinated translation of α1(I) and α2(I) mRNAs. When nonmuscle myosin filaments are disrupted the cells secrete only α1 homotrimers. Thus, the mechanism governing high collagen expression involves two RNA binding proteins and development of cytoskeletal filaments. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:535–545. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1177This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
A Prospective Study of Patient Reported Outcomes in Pancreatic and Peri‐ampullary Malignancy
Authors: Rees J. R. E. , Macefield R. C. , Blencowe N. S. , Alderson D. , Finch‐Jones M. D. , Blazeby J. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to describe the impact of treatment of pancreatic and peri‐ampullary malignancy on patient reported outcomes (PRO). However, limited data are available describing the impact of curative or palliative therapy on pancreatic/peri‐ampullary malignancy and quality of life.MethodsPatients selected for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 questionnaire pre‐surgery and 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Patients selected for palliative treatments completed the same questionnaire before treatment and monthly thereafter. Mean scores and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for functional scales. Symptom scales and single items were categorized as either minimal or severe, and they were reported as proportions of patients experiencing severe symptoms with 95 % CI.ResultsA total of 100 patients (53 planned PD, 47 palliative) were enrolled. Of the 53 patients planned for surgery, 12 had tumors that were unresectable and 41 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Seven patients were excluded because of benign histology or concurrent malignancy. Baseline questionnaire compliance was 70 %. For those undergoing PD, there were 53 complications, 7 deaths at 1 year, and 14 deaths at 2 years. Post‐surgery most functions and symptoms deteriorated. Recovery in global health and most symptoms occurred by 3 months, and functional scales recovered by 6 months. Recovery of PRO was maintained in the survivors at 2 years. Palliative patients had poorer function and more symptoms at baseline; however, poor follow‐up questionnaire compliance prevented further analysis of this group.ConclusionsPancreaticoduodenectomy has a short‐term negative impact on PRO that recovers within 6 months and is maintained at 2 years in survivors. Further work evaluating palliative and curative treatment in larger patient groups with disease‐specific questionnaires is necessary.
Indications for Microsurgical Reconstruction of Congenital Hand Anomalies by Toe-To-Hand Transfers
Authors: Jones Neil F. , Kaplan Jesse 
Published: May 2013

Background The indications for microsurgical toe-to-hand transfers in congenital hand surgery have not been defined as clearly as for posttraumatic reconstruction of thumb and finger amputations. The purpose of this study was to develop simple guidelines for referral of children with congenital absent digits for consideration of microsurgical reconstruction with toe-to-hand transfers, based on the morphological or radiographic anatomy of the hand anomaly, not on embryological classifications. Methods From a consecutive series of 204 children referred with congenital absence of the thumb and fingers, 100 toe-to-hand transfers were performed. The indications for microsurgical reconstruction of these children were analyzed retrospectively. Results Forty-one thumbs were reconstructed in 38 children—15 children with an absent thumb distal to the metacarpal base but with four relatively normal fingers; 12 children with an absent thumb and only one or two digits remaining on the ulnar side of the hand; and 11 children with complete absence of all five digits. Twenty-nine second toes and 12 great toes were transferred to reconstruct congenital absent thumbs. Fifty-nine fingers in 52 children were reconstructed mostly with single second toe transfers—41 children with a thumb but absence of all four fingers and 11 children with absence of all five digits. Conclusions The morphological or radiographic anatomy of a child's hand with congenital absent digits is a more logical indication for microsurgical reconstruction than any embryological classification. The three most common indications for toe transfers for reconstruction of congenital absent thumbs are (1) absent thumb distal to the carpometacarpal joint with four relatively normal fingers, (2) absent thumb with only one or two fingers remaining on the ulnar border of the hand, and (3) complete absence of the thumb and all four fingers. The two indications for toe transfers for reconstruction of congenital absent fingers are (1) absence of all four fingers but with a normal thumb remaining and (2) complete absence of all five digits.
Maximum Flow Rates Achievable Through Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Using Standard Hospital Infusion Pumps
Authors: Royer Timothy 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To determine maximum flow rates through peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) using a standard hospital infusion pump.
Background: Two questions asked with the use of PICCs and flow rates are (1) can a PICC be used to give nonemergent fluid boluses, and (2) can standard hospital infusion pumps develop enough pressure to rupture a catheter?
Methods: New PICCs of different brands and gauges were gathered. Six standard hospital infusion pumps and tubing of the same brand and model were used. The pressure sensor was set at 600 mm Hg. The pumps were connected through the access ports of each intravenous tube in a series fashion. The PICC end was submerged under 5 cm of water. All equipment and fluids were at 70° F. PICCs were trimmed to 45 cm. Fluids were run starting with the first pump at 999 mL/hour and then additional pumps were added until the pump's 600 mm Hg limit stopped the infusion or catheter rupture. Tests with the same PICC were repeated and recorded.
Results: Flow rates varied with the type, size, gauge, and brand of PICC catheter. Flows were achieved from 2,100 mL/hour to &gt;6,000 mL/hour. None of the PICCs ruptured.
Conclusions: Maximum flow rates through PICCs were limited by the maximum pressure allowed by the standard hospital infusion pump. A standard hospital infusion pump cannot generate enough pressure to rupture a new-out-of-the-package catheter.
Implication for Practice: Nonemergent fluid boluses can be given through PICCs and standard infusion pumps will not rupture a PICC.
Evaluation of a Luer-Activated Intravenous Administration System
Authors: Edwards Crystal , Johnson Chad 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Needlestick and other sharps-related injuries are largely preventable with proper education, training, and the use of safety-engineered devices. In 2009, a review of clinical practice was completed at Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre. The review revealed that despite needle-free legislation, numerous years of education on the dangers of using needles, and the availability and importance of using safety devices, nurses and physicians continued to use needles when accessing intravenous tubing to administer medication.
During 2010, a luer-activated intravenous administration system was introduced to replace the current split-septum intravenous administration system. Implementation of the luer-activated system was expected to decrease needlestick injuries, positively affect nursing practice, and demonstrate a commitment to a safe working environment. Reported needlestick injuries were reviewed and analysed pre- and post-implementation and a survey on nurse perception of the new system and organizational safety was distributed.
Results showed that there was a 46% decrease in needlestick injuries post-implementation, along with 80% of nursing staff reporting that the new system had a positive influence on their nursing practice and belief that the organization was committed to providing a safe work environment.
The results of this study emphasize and support the replacement of needles with alternative needleless products to improve the safety of the work environment.