bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive virtual channel partitioning for network-on-chip in heterogeneous architectures
Authors: Lee Jaekyu , Li Si , Kim Hyesoon , Yalamanchili Sudhakar 
Published: November 2013

Current heterogeneous chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) integrate a GPU architecture on a die. However, the heterogeneity of this architecture inevitably exerts different pressures on shared resource management due to differing characteristics of CPU and GPU cores. We consider how to efficiently share on-chip resources between cores within the heterogeneous system, in particular the on-chip network. Heterogeneous architectures use an on-chip interconnection network to access shared resources such as last-level cache tiles and memory controllers, and this type of on-chip network will have a significant impact on performance.
In this article, we propose a feedback-directed virtual channel partitioning (VCP) mechanism for on-chip routers to effectively share network bandwidth between CPU and GPU cores in a heterogeneous architecture. VCP dedicates a few virtual channels to CPU and GPU applications with separate injection queues. The proposed mechanism balances on-chip network bandwidth for applications running on CPU and GPU cores by adaptively choosing the best partitioning configuration. As a result, our mechanism improves system throughput by 15% over the baseline across 39 heterogeneous workloads.
On-the-fly multi-scale infinite texturing from example
Authors: Vanhoey Kenneth , Sauvage Basile , Larue Frédéric , Dischler Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2013

In computer graphics, rendering visually detailed scenes is often achieved through texturing. We propose a method for on-the-fly non-periodic infinite texturing of surfaces based on a single image. Pattern repetition is avoided by defining patches within each texture whose content can be changed at runtime. In addition, we consistently manage multi-scale using one input image per represented scale. Undersampling artifacts are avoided by accounting for fine-scale features while colors are transferred between scales. Eventually, we allow for relief-enhanced rendering and provide a tool for intuitive creation of height maps. This is done using an ad-hoc local descriptor that measures feature self-similarity in order to propagate height values provided by the user for a few selected texels only.
Thanks to the patch-based system, manipulated data are compact and our texturing approach is easy to implement on GPU. The multi-scale extension is capable of rendering finely detailed textures in real-time.
Interactive localized liquid motion editing
Authors: Pan Zherong , Huang Jin , Tong Yiying , Zheng Changxi , Bao Hujun 
Published: November 2013

Animation techniques for controlling liquid simulation are challenging: they commonly require carefully setting initial and boundary conditions or performing a costly numerical optimization scheme against user-provided keyframes or animation sequences. Either way, the whole process is laborious and computationally expensive.
We introduce a novel method to provide intuitive and interactive control of liquid simulation. Our method enables a user to locally edit selected keyframes and automatically propagates the editing in a nearby temporal region using geometric deformation. We formulate our local editing techniques as a small-scale nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved interactively. With this uniformed formulation, we propose three editing metaphors, including (i) sketching local fluid features using a few user strokes, (ii) dragging a local fluid region, and (iii) controlling a local shape with a small mesh patch. Finally, we use the edited liquid animation to guide an offline high-resolution simulation to recover more surface details. We demonstrate the intuitiveness and efficacy of our method in various practical scenarios.
Strategies to Improve Repeat Fecal Occult Blood Testing Cancer Screening
Authors: Davis Terry C. , Arnold Connie L. , Bennett Charles L. , Wolf Michael S. , Reynolds Cristalyn , Liu Dachao , Rademaker Alfred 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background: A comparative effectiveness intervention by this team improved initial fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) rates from 3% to 53% among community clinic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and costs associated with a literacy-informed intervention on repeat FOBT testing.
Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, a three-arm quasi-experiential comparative effectiveness evaluation was conducted in eight community clinics in Louisiana. Clinics were randomly assigned to receive: enhanced care, a screening recommendation, and FOBT kit annually; a brief educational intervention where patients additionally received a literacy appropriate pamphlet and simplified FOBT instructions; or nurse support where a nurse manager provided the education and followed up with phone support. In year 2, all materials were mailed. The study consisted of 461 patients, ages 50 to 85 years, with a negative initial FOBT.
Results: Repeat FOBT rates were 38% enhanced care, 33% education, and 59% with nurse support (P = 0.017). After adjusting for age, race, gender, and literacy, patients receiving nurse support were 1.46 times more likely to complete repeat FOBT screening than those receiving education [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–1.06; P = 0.002] and 1.45 times more likely than those in enhanced care but this was not significant (95% CI, 0.93–2.26; P = 0.10). The incremental cost per additional person screened was $2,450 for nurse over enhanced care.
Conclusion: A mailed pamphlet and FOBT with simplified instructions did not improve annual screening.
Impact: Telephone outreach by a nurse manager was effective in improving rates of repeat FOBT, yet this may be too costly for community clinics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 134–43. ©2013 AACR.
Proteomic Characterization of Breast Cancer Xenografts Identifies Early and Late Bevacizumab-Induced Responses and Predicts Effective Drug Combinations
Authors: Lindholm Evita M. , Krohn Marit , Iadevaia Sergio , Kristian Alexandr , Mills Gordon B. , Mælandsmo Gunhild M. , Engebraaten Olav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Neoangiogenesis is an important feature in tumor growth and progression, and combining chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drugs have shown clinical efficacy. However, as treatment-induced resistance often develops, our goal was to identify pathways indicating response and/or evolving resistance to treatment and inhibit these pathways to optimize the treatment strategies.
Experimental Design: To identify markers of response and/or resistance, reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) was used to characterize treatment-induced changes in a bevacizumab-responsive and a nonresponsive human breast cancer xenograft. Results were combined with bioinformatic modeling to predict druggable targets for optimization of the treatment.
Results: RPPA analysis showed that both tumor models responded to bevacizumab with an early (day 3) upregulation of growth factor receptors and downstream signaling pathways, with persistent mTOR signaling until the end of the in vivo experiment. Adding doxorubicin to bevacizumab showed significant and superior growth inhibition of basal-like tumors, whereas no additive effect was seen in the luminal-like model. The combination treatment corresponded to a continuous late attenuation of mTOR signaling in the basal-like model, whereas the inhibition was temporary in the luminal-like model. Integrating the bevacizumab-induced dynamic changes in protein levels with bioinformatic modeling predicted inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway to increase the efficacy of bevacizumab monotherapy. In vivo experiments combining bevacizumab and the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 confirmed their significant and additive growth-inhibitory effect in the basal-like model.
Conclusions: Treatment with bevacizumab caused compensatory upregulation of several signaling pathways. Targeting such pathways increased the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 404–12. ©2013 AACR.
Small-Molecule IAP Antagonists Sensitize Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis: Roles of XIAP and cIAPs
Authors: Finlay Darren , Vamos Mitchell , González-López Marcos , Ardecky Robert J. , Ganji Santhi Reddy , Yuan Hongbin , Su Ying , Cooley Trina R. , Hauser Curt T. , Welsh Kate , Reed John C. , Cosford Nicholas D.P. , Vuori Kristiina 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent because it shows apoptosis-inducing activity in transformed, but not in normal, cells. As with most anticancer agents, however, its clinical use is restricted by either inherent or acquired resistance by cancer cells. We demonstrate here that small-molecule SMAC mimetics that antagonize the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) potently sensitize previously resistant human cancer cell lines, but not normal cells, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and that they do so in a caspase-8–dependent manner. We further show that the compounds have no cytotoxicity as single agents. Also, we demonstrate that several IAP family members likely participate in the modulation of cellular sensitivity to TRAIL. Finally, we note that the compounds that sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL are the most efficacious in binding to X-linked IAP, and in inducing cellular-IAP (cIAP)-1 and cIAP-2 degradation. Our studies thus describe valuable compounds that allow elucidation of the signaling events occurring in TRAIL resistance, and demonstrate that these agents act as potent TRAIL-sensitizing agents in a variety of cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(1); 5–15. ©2013 AACR.
Cadmium Exposure and Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Tellez-Plaza Maria , Guallar Eliseo , Fabsitz Richard R. , Howard Barbara V. , Umans Jason G. , Francesconi Kevin A. , Goessler Walter , Devereux Richard B. , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Cadmium has been associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in cross-sectional studies, but prospective evidence is lacking. Our goal was to evaluate the association of urine cadmium concentrations with incident PAD in a large population-based cohort.

Methods and Results—
A prospective cohort study was performed with 2864 adult American Indians 45 to 74 years of age from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota who participated in the Strong Heart Study from 1989 to 1991 and were followed through 2 follow-up examination visits in 1993 to 1995 and 1997 to 1999. Participants were free of PAD, defined as an ankle brachial index <0.9 or >1.4 at baseline, and had complete baseline information on urine cadmium, potential confounders, and ankle brachial index determinations in the follow-up examinations. Urine cadmium was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and corrected for urinary dilution by normalization to urine creatinine. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were computed using Cox-proportional hazards models for interval-censored data. A total of 470 cases of incident PAD, defined as an ankle brachial index <0.9 or >1.4, were identified. After adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors including smoking status and pack-years, the hazard ratio comparing the 80th to the 20th percentile of urine cadmium concentrations was 1.41 (1.05–1.81). The hazard ratio comparing the highest to the lowest tertile was 1.96 (1.32–2.81). The association persisted after excluding participants with ankle brachial index >1.4 only as well as in subgroups defined by sex and smoking status.

Conclusions—
Urine cadmium, a biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, was independently associated with incident PAD, providing further support for cadmium as a cardiovascular disease risk factor.
Uteroplacental Blood Flow, Cardiac Function, and Pregnancy Outcome in Women With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Pieper Petronella G. , Balci Ali , Aarnoudse Jan G. , Kampman Marlies A.M. , Sollie Krystyna M. , Groen Henk , Mulder Barbara J.M. , Oudijk Martijn A. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , Cornette Jerome , van Dijk Arie P.J. , Spaanderman Marc E. , Drenthen Willem , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Pregnant women with congenital heart disease (CHD) are susceptible to cardiovascular, obstetric, and offspring complications. In women with CHD, cardiac dysfunction may compromise uteroplacental flow and contribute to the increased incidence of obstetric and offspring events.

Methods and Results—

We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study of pregnant women with CHD and healthy pregnant women. We compared clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and uteroplacental Doppler flow (UDF) parameters at 20 and 32 weeks gestation, and pregnancy outcome. We related cardiovascular parameters to UDF parameters and pregnancy outcome in women with CHD. We included 209 women with CHD and 70 healthy women. Cardiovascular parameters (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, left and right ventricular function) differed between both groups. UDF parameters were impaired in CHD women (umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance index at 32 weeks in CHD versus healthy women,
P
=0.0085 and
P
=0.017). The following cardiovascular parameters prepregnancy and at 20 weeks gestation were associated with UDF (umbilical artery resistance index) at 32 weeks at multivariable analysis: (1) right ventricular function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) (
P
=0.002), (2) high N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (
P
=0.085), (3) systemic (
P
=0.001), and (4) pulmonary (
P
=0.045) atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Women with CHD had more obstetric (58.9% versus 32.9%,
P
<0.0001) and offspring events (35.4% versus 18.6%,
P
=0.008) than healthy women. Impaired UDF was associated with adverse obstetric and offspring outcome.

Conclusions—
UDF parameters are abnormal in pregnant women with CHD. Cardiovascular function is associated with an abnormal pattern of UDF. Compromised UDF may be a key factor in the high incidence of offspring and obstetric complications in this population.
Robotic Identification of Kinesthetic Deficits After Stroke
Authors: Semrau Jennifer A. , Herter Troy M. , Scott Stephen H. , Dukelow Sean P. 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Kinesthesia, the sense of body motion, is essential to proper control and execution of movement. Despite its importance for activities of daily living, no current clinical measures can objectively measure kinesthetic deficits. The goal of this study was to use robotic technology to quantify prevalence and severity of kinesthetic deficits of the upper limb poststroke.

Methods—
Seventy-four neurologically intact subjects and 113 subjects with stroke (62 left-affected, 51 right-affected) performed a robot-based kinesthetic matching task with vision occluded. The robot moved the most affected arm at a preset speed, direction, and magnitude. Subjects were instructed to mirror-match the movement with their opposite arm (active arm).

Results—
A large number of subjects with stroke were significantly impaired on measures of kinesthesia. We observed impairments in ability to match movement direction (69% and 49% impaired for left- and right-affected subjects, respectively) and movement magnitude (42% and 31%). We observed impairments to match movement speed (32% and 27%) and increased response latencies (48% and 20%). Movement direction errors and response latencies were related to clinical measures of function, motor recovery, and dexterity.

Conclusions—
Using a robotic approach, we found that 61% of acute stroke survivors (n=69) had kinesthetic deficits. Additionally, these deficits were highly related to existing clinical measures, suggesting the importance of kinesthesia in day-to-day function. Our methods allow for more sensitive, accurate, and objective identification of kinesthetic deficits after stroke. With this information, we can better inform clinical treatment strategies to improve poststroke rehabilitative care and outcomes.
Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable
Authors: Saver Jeffrey L. , Jovin Tudor G. , Smith Wade S. , Albers Gregory W. ,   STAIR VIII writing committee members, Baron Jean-Claude , Boltze Johannes , Broderick Joseph P. , Davis Lisa A. , Demchuk Andrew M. , DeSena Salvatore , Fiehler Jens , Gorelick Philip B. , Hacke Werner , Holt Bill , Jahan Reza , Jing Hui , Khatri Pooja , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Lees Kennedy R. , Lev Michael H. , Liebeskind David S. , Luby Marie , Lyden Patrick , Megerian J. Thomas , Mocco J. , Muir Keith W. , Rowley Howard A. , Ruedy Richard M. , Savitz Sean I. , Sipelis Vitas J. , Shimp Samuel K. , Wechsler Lawrence R. , Wintermark Max , Wu Ona , Yavagal Dileep R. , Yoo Albert J. 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
The goal of the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) meetings is to advance the development of stroke therapies. At STAIR VIII, consensus recommendations were developed for clinical trial strategies to demonstrate the benefit of endovascular reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke.

Summary of Review—
Prospects for success with forthcoming endovascular trials are robust, because new neurothrombectomy devices have superior reperfusion efficacy compared with earlier-generation interventions. Specific recommendations are provided for trial designs in 3 populations: (1) patients undergoing intravenous fibrinolysis, (2) early patients ineligible for or having failed intravenous fibrinolysis, and (3) wake-up and other late-presenting patients. Among intravenous fibrinolysis–eligible patients, key principles are that CT or MRI confirmation of target arterial occlusions should precede randomization; endovascular intervention should be pursued with the greatest rapidity possible; and combined intravenous and neurothrombectomy therapy is more promising than neurothrombectomy alone. Among patients ineligible for or having failed intravenous fibrinolysis, scientific equipoise was affirmed and the need to randomize all eligible patients emphasized. Vessel imaging to confirm occlusion is mandatory, and infarct core and penumbral imaging is desirable in later time windows. Additional STAIR VIII recommendations include approaches to test multiple devices in a single trial, utility weighting of disability end points, and adaptive designs to delineate time and tissue injury thresholds at which benefits from intervention no longer accrue.

Conclusions—
Endovascular research priorities in acute ischemic stroke are to perform trials testing new, highly effective neuro thrombectomy devices rapidly deployed in patients confirmed to have target vessel occlusions.
Low-Level Wind Maxima and Structure of the Stably Stratified Boundary Layer in the Coastal Zone
Authors: Mahrt L. , Vickers Dean , Andreas Edgar L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA Rutan Aircraft Factory Long-EZ aircraft flew numerous low-level slant soundings on two summer days in 2001 off the northeastern coast of the United States. The soundings are analyzed here to study the nonstationary vertical structure of the wind, temperature, and turbulence. An error analysis indicates that fluxes computed from the aircraft slant soundings are unreliable. The first day is characterized by a weakly stable boundary layer in onshore flow capped by an inversion. A low-level wind maximum formed at about 100 m above the sea surface. The second day is characterized by stronger stability due to advection of warm air from the upwind land surface. On this more stable day, the wind maxima are very sharp and the speed and height of the wind maxima increase with distance from the coast. Although trends in the vertical structure are weak, variations between subsequent soundings are large on time scales of tens of minutes or less. The vertical structure of the wind and turbulence is considerably more nonstationary than the temperature structure, although the existence of the wind maximum is persistent. Causes of the wind maxima and their variability are examined but are not completely resolved.
Stability and Charging Characteristics of the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones
Authors: Rauber Robert M. , Wegman Joseph , Plummer David M. , Rosenow Andrew A. , Peterson Melissa , McFarquhar Greg M. , Jewett Brian F. , Leon David , Market Patrick S. , Knupp Kevin R. , Keeler Jason M. , Battaglia Steven M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper presents analyses of the finescale structure of convection in the comma head of two continental winter cyclones and a 16-storm climatology analyzing the distribution of lightning within the comma head. A case study of a deep cyclone is presented illustrating how upper-tropospheric dry air associated with the dry slot can intrude over moist Gulf air, creating two zones of precipitation within the comma head: a northern zone characterized by deep stratiform clouds topped by generating cells and a southern zone marked by elevated convection. Lightning, when it occurred, originated from the elevated convection. A second case study of a cutoff low is presented to examine the relationship between lightning flashes and wintertime convection. Updrafts within convective cells in both storms approached 6–8 m s−1, and convective available potential energy in the cell environment reached approximately 50–250 J kg−1. Radar measurements obtained in convective updraft regions showed enhanced spectral width within the temperature range from −10° to −20°C, while microphysical measurements showed the simultaneous presence of graupel, ice particles, and supercooled water at the same temperatures, together supporting noninductive charging as an important charging mechanism in these storms.
A climatology of lightning flashes across the comma head of 16 winter cyclones shows that lightning flashes commonly occur on the southern side of the comma head where dry-slot air is more likely to overrun lower-level moist air. Over 90% of the cloud-to-ground flashes had negative polarity, suggesting the cells were not strongly sheared aloft. About 55% of the flashes were associated with cloud-to-ground flashes while 45% were in-cloud flashes.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Tornado Hazard Exposure: The Case of the Expanding Bull’s-Eye Effect in Chicago, Illinois
Authors: Ashley Walker S. , Strader Stephen , Rosencrants Troy , Krmenec Andrew J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExposure has amplified rapidly over the past half century and is one of the primary drivers of increases in disaster frequency and consequences. Previous research on exposure change detection has proven limited since the geographic units of aggregation for decennial censuses, the sole measure of accurate historical population and housing counts, vary from one census to the next. To address this shortcoming, this research produces a set of gridded population and housing data for the Chicago, Illinois, region to evaluate the concept of the “expanding bull’s-eye effect.” This effect argues that “targets”—people and their built environments—of geophysical hazards are enlarging as populations grow and spread. A collection of observationally derived synthetic violent tornadoes are transposed across fine-geographic-scale population and housing unit grids at different time stamps to appraise the concept. Results reveal that intensifying and expanding development is placing more people and their possessions in the potential path of tornadoes, increasing the likelihood of tornado disasters. The research demonstrates how different development morphologies lead to varying exposure rates that contribute to the unevenness of potential weather-related disasters across the landscape. In addition, the investigation appraises the viability of using a gridded framework for assessing changes in census-derived exposure data. The creation of uniformly sized grid data on a scale smaller than counties, municipalities, and conventional census geographic units addresses two of the most critical problems assessing historical changes in disaster frequencies and magnitudes—highly variable spatial units of exposure data and the mismatch between spatial scales of population/housing data and hazards.