bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of cement filler load on the radiopacity of various fibre posts ex vivo
Authors: Goracci C. , Juloski J. , Schiavetti R. , Mainieri P. , Giovannetti A. , Vichi A. , Ferrari M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo verify whether the filler load of luting agents influences the radiopacity of intraradicularly placed posts.MethodologyDigital radiographs of the following posts were taken: RelyX Fiber Post (3M ESPE), GC Fiber Post (GC Corporation), DT Light Post Illusion (RTD), DT Light SL Post (RTD), Endo‐Composipost (RTD), FibreKleer Parallel Post (Jeneric Pentron Incorporated), FRC Postec (Ivoclar Vivadent), Parapost Taper Lux (Còltene/Whaledent AG), Radix Fiber Post (Dentsply Maillefer), EverStick Post (Stick Tech Ltd), Dentin Post X (Komet), Tech 21 X‐op (Isasan), ENA Post (Micerium). Post radiopacity was measured in millimetres of aluminium (mmAl) with reference to an aluminium step wedge. Two extracted contralateral premolars were root filled. After post space preparation, taking the midpoint of the post hole as a reference, each tooth was cut longitudinally into two halves in a mesiodistal direction. On each half, the exposed root dentine was ground flat to the deepest point of the post space, and an even layer of cement was placed and light‐cured. To obtain a clinically relevant layer of cement, the material thickness was reduced to 75 μm by grinding with wet abrasive paper. A cement formulation with 30 wt% of filler was tested in one premolar, whilst a formulation with 70 wt% of filler was utilized in the contralateral tooth. Posts were then placed between the two facing root halves of each premolar, and radiopacity was measured in mmAl. Data were analysed using t‐test for paired samples (P < 0.05).ResultsRadiopacity of posts ranged between 1.44 (ENA Post) and 5.78 mmAl (FibreKleer). In the presence of the more heavily filled cement, significantly higher values of post radiopacity were measured (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe radiopacity of the luting agent contributed to the overall post radiovisibility within the root. Even when the cement with lower filler content was used in combination with the least radiodense dowels, the post was detectable within the root.
Acute management of skin tears: a change in practice pilot study
Authors: Vandervord John G , Tolerton Sarah K , Campbell Peter A , Darke Jan M , Loch‐Wilkinson Anna‐Marie V 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSkin tears are an increasingly common injury occurring in the elderly population and have significant associated morbidity secondary to poor wound healing, prolonged hospital stays and reduced mobility. There has been a shift in practice for the acute management of skin tears within our institution, which has resulted in improved outcomes and reduced morbidity for this common and debilitating injury. Review of past and current practices including cost analyses has led to the establishment of a management protocol for the hospital and wider area health service with the aim to reduce the burden of disease amongst our ever‐expanding elderly population.
Surgical site infection: poor compliance with guidelines and care bundles
Authors: Leaper David J , Tanner Judith , Kiernan Martin , Assadian Ojan , Edmiston Charles E 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) are probably the most preventable of the health care‐associated infections. Despite the widespread international introduction of level I evidence‐based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs, such as that of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK and the surgical care improvement project (SCIP) of the USA, SSI rates have not measurably fallen. The care bundle approach is an accepted method of packaging best, evidence‐based measures into routine care for all patients and, common to many guidelines for the prevention of SSI, includes methods for preoperative removal of hair (where appropriate), rational antibiotic prophylaxis, avoidance of perioperative hypothermia, management of perioperative blood glucose and effective skin preparation. Reasons for poor compliance with care bundles are not clear and have not matched the wide uptake and perceived benefit of the WHO ‘Safe Surgery Saves Lives’ checklist. Recommendations include the need for further research and continuous updating of guidelines; comprehensive surveillance, using validated definitions that facilitate benchmarking of anonymised surgeon‐specific SSI rates; assurance that incorporation of checklists and care bundles has taken place; the development of effective communication strategies for all health care providers and those who commission services and comprehensive information for patients.
Nutritional capacities of bark and wood decaying bacteria with particular emphasis on condensed tannin degrading strains
Authors: Deschamps A. M. 
Published: February 2014

A collection of 66 strains of wood and bark decaying bacteria were tested for their assimilation capacities of cellulose, lignin, xylan, pectins and tannins. The data obtained give a more comprehensive understanding of the bacterial activity during the decay of bark in nature, particularly in the degradation of tannins.SummaryA collection of 66 bacterial strains were isolated for their capacities to degrade kraft‐lignin, tannic acid and condensed tannins (wattle and quebracho). These strains were tested for their capacity to assimilate the major bark and wood components as a sole carbon source. Plant inhabiting as well as saprophytic genera were identified including Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Sporocytophaga and Pseudomonas strains but Enterobacteria and micrococci were also isolated. The data reported in this paper show that several types of bacteria degrade rapidly not only condensed and hydrolyzable tannins but degrade also the other wood components suggesting an important bacterial contribution to the decay of bark and timber in nature.RésuméCapacités nutritionnelles de bactéries dégradant l'écorce et le bois, et plus particulièrement des tannins condensésSoixante six souches bactériennes ont été isolées pour leur aptitude à dégrader la lignin‐kraft, l'acide tannique et les tannins condensés (mimosa et quebracho). L'assimilation des composants principaux de l'écorce et du bois comme seule source de carbone a été testée pour chaque souche. Des germes saprophytes ou adaptés aux végétaux ont été identifiés comme Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Sporocytophaga et Pseudomonas, ainsi que des microcoques et des entérobactéries. Les résultats rapportés dans cet article montrent que de nombreux types de bactéries peuvent non seulement dégrader rapidement les tannins hydrolysables et condensés mais dégrader en měme temps d'autres composants végétaux et participer ainsi activement à la biodégradation de l'écorce et du bois dans la nature.ZusammenfassungDie Nahrungsquellen rinden‐ und holzbewohnender Bakterien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Tannin‐abbauender StämmeEine Kollektion von 66 Bakterienstämmen war wegen ihrer Fähigkeit zum Abbau von Lignin, Gerbsäure und Tanninen (Akazie und Quebracho) zusammengestellt worden. Die Stämme wurden auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Nutzung wichtiger Rinden‐ und Holzkomponenten als alleinige Kohlenstoffquelle getestet. Unter den pflanzenbewohnenden und saprophytischen Gattungen wurden identifiziert: Cellulomonas‐, Corynebacterium‐, Bacillus‐, Sporocytophaga‐ und Pseudomonas‐Stämme, aber auch Entero‐Bakterien und Mikrococci wurden isoliert. Die Resultate zeigen, daß viele Bakterien nicht nur relativ rasch Tannine, sondern auch andere Holzkomponenten abzubauen vermögen und damit einen wesentlichen Anteil der Bakterien am natürlichen Rinden‐ und Holzabbau anzeigen.
Comparison of brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ohsugi Koji , Sugawara Hidenori , Ebina Kanako , Shiga Kentaro , Kikuchi Nobuyuki , Mori Masaaki , Yokota Shumpei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionBrachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is a method of evaluating the function of vascular endothelial cells and is utilized for early diagnosis of atherosclerotic diseases. Only a few studies evaluated the risks for major vascular complications in youth with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus from the aspect of the early development of atherosclerosis. We studied whether there is a difference in vascular endothelial cell function between youth with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe assessed %FMD of 24 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 12–20 years along with glycated hemoglobin, lipid metabolism markers such as triglycerides, and inflammatory biomarkers such as total adiponectin levels in adolescent patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. The significance of the difference in each factor between the type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups was assessed using Student's t‐test.ResultsThe %FMD was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. The body mass index and blood pressure were significantly higher, and total and high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes. %FMD significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure.ConclusionsThe results suggest that youth with type 2 diabetes have more advanced damage of the vascular endothelium and therefore are at higher risk for major vascular complications. Therefore, monitoring the progression of atherosclerosis would also be beneficial in youth with diabetes mellitus, and measurement of FMD could be further warranted.
Evaluation of insulin regimens as an effective option for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A propensity score‐matched cohort study across Japan (JDDM31)
Authors: Kanatsuka Azuma , Sato Yasunori , Kawai Koichi , Hirao Koichi , Kobayashi Masashi , Kashiwagi Atsunori ,   Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study Group
Published: February 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe evaluated the long‐term efficacy of insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control despite oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD).Materials and MethodsWe carried out a propensity score‐matched cohort study using the CoDiC® database of the Japan Diabetes Data Management Study Group across 54 institutions in Japan from 2005 to 2010. A total of 10,854 patients on OAD in 2005 were studied, and 1,253 patients (11.5%) were treated with insulin until 2010. The changes in insulin regimens and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were analyzed over this study period.ResultsPropensity score matching showed no differences in the baseline patient characteristics. A total of 96 patients transferred to insulin, and HbA1c gradually and significantly decreased in the patients on a twice‐daily premixed preparation of rapid‐acting human‐insulin analogs (twice‐daily MIX) and basal–bolus therapy with rapid‐acting human‐insulin analogs (RA) plus long‐acting insulin analog (LA; P < 0.001). A total of 418 patients had insulin added to OAD treatment, and HbA1c decreased in the patients with a twice‐daily MIX (P < 0.001), but HbA1c did not differ from the baseline values in the patients on basal LA (P = 0.497). The mean decline in HbA1c at the end of the study was therefore larger in the patients receiving twice‐daily MIX than in the patients receiving basal LA (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study could suggest the potential loss of opportunity for many patients treated using basal LA to have received alternative insulin regimens and to achieve better glycemic control.
Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle Loaded with Nisin for the Prolonged Effect
Authors: Alishahi Alireza 
Published: February 2014

AbstractChitosan is a polysaccharide that has gained high interest in recent times to encapsulate active compounds because of its nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and immunity system induction. The characterizations of chitosan nanoparticle were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Zetasizer. The particle size and zeta potential were 86 ± 0.23 nm and +34 ± 0.43, respectively. In vitro release rate studies revealed that nisin was released from the nanoparticle over a 60‐day period but the release rate increased from 23% to 65% as the pH of buffer increased from 2.5 to 7.2. Antibacterial effect of the nanoparticle against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated via analyzing integrity of cell membranes and transmission electron microscopy data. The integrity of cell membranes of the bacteria was destroyed when bacterial suspensions were treated with the nanoparticle. The results showed high potential of the nanoparticle to be used as potent antibacterial agent over prolonged time.Practical ApplicationsChitosan nanoparticle loaded with nisin has a promising application in food area for its safe and effective nature as natural antibacterial.
Contribution of cysteine aminotransferase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase to hydrogen sulfide production in peripheral neurons
Authors: Miyamoto Ryo , Otsuguro Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Soichiro , Ito Shigeo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous neuromodulator produced from L‐cysteine. H2S is generated by three distinct enzymatic pathways mediated by cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE), cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS), and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) coupled with cysteine aminotransferase (CAT). This study investigated the relative contributions of these three pathways to H2S production in PC12 cells (rat pheochromocytoma‐derived cells) and the rat dorsal root ganglion. CBS, CAT, and MPST, but not CSE, were expressed in the cells and tissues, and appreciable amounts of H2S were produced from L‐cysteine in the presence of α‐ketoglutarate, together with dithiothreitol. The production of H2S was inhibited by a CAT inhibitor (aminooxyacetic acid), competitive CAT substrates (L‐aspartate and oxaloacetate), and RNA interference (RNAi) against MPST. Immunocytochemistry revealed a mitochondrial localization of MPST in PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and the amount of H2S produced by CAT/MPST at pH 8.0, a physiological mitochondrial matrix pH, was comparable to that produced by CSE and CBS in the liver and the brain, respectively. Furthermore, H2S production was markedly increased by alkalization. These results indicate that CAT and MPST are primarily responsible for H2S production in peripheral neurons, and that the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism may influence neuronal H2S generation.
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In the peripheral nervous system, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been implicated in neurogenic pain or hyperalgesia. This study provides evidence that H2S is synthesized in peripheral neurons through two mitochondrial enzymes, cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). We propose that mitochondrial metabolism plays key roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the peripheral nervous system via regulation of neuronal H2S production.
Risk Premiums in Dynamic Term Structure Models with Unspanned Macro Risks
Authors: JOSLIN SCOTT , PRIEBSCH MARCEL , SINGLETON KENNETH J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper quantifies how variation in economic activity and inflation in the United States influences the market prices of level, slope, and curvature risks in Treasury markets. We develop a novel arbitrage‐free dynamic term structure model in which bond investment decisions are influenced by output and inflation risks that areunspannedby (imperfectly correlated with) information about the shape of the yield curve. Our model reveals that, between 1985 and 2007, these risks accounted for a large portion of the variation in forward terms premiums, and there was pronounced cyclical variation in the market prices of level and slope risks.
Expression of Concern: Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (Actim PROM test) for detection of premature rupture of fetal membranes
Authors: Abdelazim Ibrahim A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThis study was designed to detect the accuracy of the insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) in diagnosing premature rupture of fetal membranes.Materials and MethodsA total of 150 pregnant women after 37 weeks' gestation were included in this study and divided into two groups according to presence or absence of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM); 75 patients with PROM were included in group I and 75 patients without PROM were included in group II as controls. The diagnosis of PROM was based on patient's history of sudden gush of water, pooling of amniotic fluid, positive Ferning pattern, positive Nitrazine test, confirmed by visualization of fluid passing from the cervical canal during sterile speculum examination and transabdominal ultrasound to measure the amniotic fluid index.ResultsIn this study, the sensitivity and the specificity of IGFBP‐1 (Actim PROM test) in diagnosing PROM were 89.3% and 82.7%, respectively, as compared with 84% sensitivity and 78.7% specificity for Ferning test, and 86.7% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity for Nitrazine test. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of IGFBP‐1 were 83.8% and 88.6%, respectively, as compared with 79.7% PPV and 83.1% NPV for the Ferning test, and 82.2% PPV and 85.9% NPV for the Nitrazine test. The IGFBP‐1 was more accurate (86%) for detection of PROM than the Ferning (81.3%) or Nitrazine (84.0%) tests.ConclusionThe Actim PROM test for detection of IGFBP‐1 in the vaginal fluid is a simple bedside test and can be used as a complimentary test to confirm the clinical diagnosis of PROM.
Influence of maximum bite force on jaw movement during gummy jelly mastication
Authors: Kuninori T. , Tomonari H. , Uehara S. , Kitashima F. , Yagi T. , Miyawaki S. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIt is known that maximum bite force has various influences on chewing function; however, there have not been studies in which the relationships between maximum bite force and masticatory jaw movement have been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maximum bite force on masticatory jaw movement in subjects with normal occlusion. Thirty young adults (22 men and 8 women; mean age, 22·6 years) with good occlusion were divided into two groups based on whether they had a relatively high or low maximum bite force according to the median. The maximum bite force was determined according to the Dental Prescale System using pressure‐sensitive sheets. Jaw movement during mastication of hard gummy jelly (each 5·5 g) on the preferred chewing side was recorded using a six degrees of freedom jaw movement recording system. The motion of the lower incisal point of the mandible was computed, and the mean values of 10 cycles (cycles 2–11) were calculated. A masticatory performance test was conducted using gummy jelly. Subjects with a lower maximum bite force showed increased maximum lateral amplitude, closing distance, width and closing angle; wider masticatory jaw movement; and significantly lower masticatory performance. However, no differences in the maximum vertical or maximum anteroposterior amplitudes were observed between the groups. Although other factors, such as individual morphology, may influence masticatory jaw movement, our results suggest that subjects with a lower maximum bite force show increased lateral jaw motion during mastication.
Management of food allergy: A survey of Australian paediatricians
Authors: Morawetz Deborah Y , Hiscock Harriet , Allen Katrina J , Davies Sarah , Danchin Margie H 
Published: February 2014

AimThe prevalence of Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergy in the developed world is increasing, overwhelming tertiary allergy services. Alternative models of care are required. General paediatricians could provide this care but may require further training to do so. We aimed to determine Australian general paediatricians': (i) knowledge and management of IgE‐mediated food allergy; (ii) access to and use of diagnostic services; and (iii) interest in further training.MethodsMembers of the Australian Paediatric Research Network completed an online survey in 2011/12. A case study elicited paediatrician's knowledge of diagnostic history taking, testing and key management principles. Study‐designed questions assessed paediatricians' current practice, access to allergy services and interest in further training.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐eight (43%) of 390 paediatricians responded; 93 paediatricians reported managing food allergy. Diagnostic and management practices varied widely. Paediatricians had high levels of agreement (>90%) for only three of 13 questions pertaining to diagnosis and management. Only 56 (61%) correctly identified that a diagnosis of IgE‐mediated food allergy requires a history consistent with a clinical reaction and a positive specific serum IgE antibody or skin prick test result. Reported waiting times for tertiary allergy services ranged from 5.4 (private) to 10.6 months (public). Most (91%) paediatricians expressed interest in further training.ConclusionsGeneral paediatricians would benefit from further training if they are to practice allergy care as their diagnosis and management is often inconsistent with international guidelines. Training could be delivered online to maximise reach and uptake. If effective, such a model could relieve some of the burden experienced by Australian tertiary allergy services.
First Report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in Vaccinium darrowii
Authors: Woo Elizabeth , Pearson Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStrawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was detected in blueberry (Vaccinium darrowii), a host not previously reported. A total of 89 samples were obtained from one site in the North Island of New Zealand and tested by reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. Both RT‐PCR and sequencing results showed the presence of SLRSV in four samples. Although SLRSV is known to have a wide host range, this appears to be the first report of SLRSV in blueberry.
Effect of Magnesium on the Development of Sheath blight in Rice
Authors: Schurt Daniel A. , Lopes Ueder P. , Duarte Henrique S. S. , Rodrigues Fabrício Á. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg) on sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, development on rice plants from cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle grown in nutrient solution containing 0.062, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 mm of Mg. Sheath blight progress on inoculated sheaths was evaluated by measuring lesions expansion (mm) at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after inoculation. Data were used to calculate the area under lesion expansion progress curve (AULEPC). The relationship between the foliar Mg concentration and the Mg rates was quadratic. The Mg concentration on leaf sheaths tissue was highest at the Mg rates of 0.389 and 0.400 mm, respectively, for cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle. A linear model best described the relationship between the AULEPC and the Mg rates. The AULEPC decreased by 48.7 and 26.2% for plants of cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle, respectively, as the Mg rates in the nutrient solution increased. The results permitted to conclude that high foliar Mg concentration played a pivotal role to decrease sheath blight lesions expansion.