bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative design of implanted medical lead to reduce MRI‐induced scattered electric fields
Authors: Das R. , Yoo H. 
Published: March 2013

The radio frequency coils in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems induce scattered electric fields in the implanted medical lead and result in tissue heating. A novel structure of the medical lead has been designed to reduce the scattered field. Proposed metal nails are placed along the medical lead. The scattered electric field is calculated near the medical lead tip at 64 MHz (1.5 T MRI). By installing this design on the conventional lead, a significant decrease in the scattered electric field at the tip of the lead is observed.
2–4 GHz wideband power amplifier with ultra‐flat gain and high PAE
Authors: Ding X. , He S. , You F. , Xie S. , Hu Z. 
Published: March 2013

Demonstrated is a 2–4 GHz wideband power amplifier (WPA) using Cree 10 W GaN HEMT CGH40010. Also a novel process to find the optimum impedances is presented, with which the gain flatness can be taken into account. A compact PCB has been fabricated and tested with continuous waves at low (20 dBm) and high (28 dBm) input power level. From the measured results, at low power level, the gain is 13.1–14.1 dB across 2.0–3.9 GHz and 12.3–14.1 dB across 2.0–4.0 GHz. For large signals, power gain is 11.1–12.6 dB with power‐added efficiency (PAE) 36.5–53.4% while output power is around 40 dBm. Gain flatness keeps less than 1 dB beyond 95% of the band. For a 5 MHz WCDMA signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratio of the WPA with digital predistortion reaches − 45.3 dBc with an average drain efficiency of 46.7%.
Inductive‐varying grid for highly beam‐steerable cavity antennas
Authors: Ghasemi A. , Burokur S.N. , Dhouibi A. , de Lustrac A. 
Published: March 2013

The design of a locally one‐dimensional inductive‐varying metamaterial operating near 10 GHz is reported. This is combined with a fixed capacitive grid to design a phase‐varying metasurface. This composite metasurface is then used as a partially reflecting surface (PRS) together with a perfect electric conductor surface to form a resonant Fabry‐Pérot type cavity. A patch antenna acting as a primary source is embedded in the cavity to constitute a highly beam‐steerable directive antenna. A 56° deflection of the antenna beam is experimentally observed.
Wideband and non‐dispersive wavelet transmission using leaky lens antenna
Authors: Vakili I. , Ohlsson L. , Gustafsson M. , Wernersson L.‐E. 
Published: March 2013

An ultra‐wideband, non‐dispersive leaky lens antenna system for impulse applications has been designed, fabricated and characterised. An in‐house wavelet generator is connected to the antenna to transmit 100 ps‐long square pulses with centre frequencies at 45, 60 and 75 GHz. It is shown that the leaky lens antenna has negligible distortion and preserves the pulse shape generated by the millimetre‐wave pulse generator.
Broadband beam scanning circularly‐polarised leaky‐wave antenna based on modified substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Jin C. , Mujumdar M. , Alphones A. 
Published: March 2013

A high gain broadband beam scanning circularly‐polarised (CP) leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) is proposed based on a modified substrate integrated waveguide. The designed CP LWA has been fabricated and its performance measured. The reported antenna presents expected broadband matched impedance with a measured reflection coefficient |S11| < − 10 dB from 15.4 to 19 GHz. The radiation pattern was measured and the axial ratio of the antenna is within 3 dB from 15.9 to 17.2 GHz. The antenna exhibits continuous beam scanning from 35° at 15.5 GHz to 47° at 18 GHz according to the broadside with maximum gain of 12.3 dBi.
Making Books for Mr Murray: The Case of Edward Parry's Third Arctic Narrative
Authors: Cavell Janice 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The Arctic explorer Edward Parry was among the most admired heroes of the 1820s, and his four narratives, all published by John Murray, won exceptionally high praise from reviewers. However, the praise was not unmixed with criticism. This article examines the reception of the third narrative, which was the least favourably received of the four. Reviewers' praise of it was often combined with insinuations that the true aim of the Admiralty expeditions led by Parry and his fellow naval officers was the production of luxurious and profitable quartos (or, as it was then termed, ‘book-making’). Many of the reviews demonstrate a sceptical and highly sophisticated approach to exploration literature as a genre. The case of Parry's third narrative therefore demonstrates the complexity of the processes through which the credibility and cultural authority of exploration narratives were negotiated.
Printers' Flowers as Evidence in the Identification of Unknown Printers: Two Examples From 1715
Authors: Wilkinson Hazel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper identifies John Darby of Bartholomew Close as the printer of the 1715 Tonson edition of the Works of Edmund Spenser, and the third edition of Edward Young's A Poem on the Last Day. The identifications are based on the evidence of printers' flowers. It is shown that composed arrangements of printers' flowers were sometimes kept as standing type and used in the printing of multiple works; the fact that this can allow unknown printers to be identified is explained and demonstrated for the first time. The collation of arrangements of printers' flowers, it is suggested, could be used more extensively in the future to gain a fuller picture of John Darby's career, and could potentially be applied to the works of other printers.
P–V–Tequation of state of synthetic mirabilite (Na2SO4·10D2O) determined by powder neutron diffraction
Authors: Fortes A. D. , Brand H. E. A. , Vočadlo L. , Lindsay-Scott A. , Fernandez-Alonso F. , Wood I. G. 
Published: March 2013

Neutron powder diffraction data have been collected from Na2SO4·10D2O (the deuterated analogue of mirabilite), a highly hydrated sulfate salt that is thought to be a candidate rock-forming mineral in some icy satellites of the outer solar system. These measurements, made using the OSIRIS instrument on the ISIS neutron spallation source, covered the range 0.1 <P< 545 MPa and 150 <T< 270 K. The refined unit-cell volumes as a function of pressure and temperature are parameterized in the form of a Birch–Murnaghan third-order equation of state, and the anisotropic linear incompressibilities are represented in terms of the elastic strain tensor. At 270 K, the bulk modulusK0,270= 19.6 (1) GPa, its first pressure derivative ∂K/∂P= 5.8 (5) and its temperature dependence ∂K/∂T = −0.0175 (6) GPa K−1. The stiffest direction at 270 K, with a linear bulk modulus of ∼82 GPa, is coincident with the twofold axis of this monoclinic crystal. Of the remaining two principal directions, the most compressible (K≃ 44 GPa) is roughly aligned with thecaxis, and the intermediate value (K≃ 59 GPa) is therefore approximately collinear witha*. With the aid of additional published data, a number of other important thermodynamic quantities have been derived, including the Grüneisen and Anderson–Grüneisen parameters, and the volume and enthalpy of melting along the high-pressure melting curve. Additional data obtained during this work, concerning the elastic properties of deuterated ice IV, are also presented.
Synthesis and characterisation of new modified anti‐corrosive polyesteramide resins by partial replacement of the ingredient source of the polybasic acid for organic surface coatings
Authors: Abd El‐Wahab H. , Abd El‐Hai F. , Naser A.M. , El‐Bialy Z.I. , Mostafa M. , Lin L. 
Published: March 2013

PurposePolymeric systems based on polyesteramides (PEA) are high performance materials, which combine the useful properties of polyester and polyamide resins, and find many applications, most importantly as protective surface coatings. The purpose of this paper is to characterise and evaluate new modified anti‐corrosive PEA resins for use in protective coating formulations.Design/methodology/approachIn the study report here, new modified PEA compositions were prepared and evaluated as vehicles for surface coating. The PEA resins were obtained by means of a condensation polymerisation reaction between phthalic anhydride (PA) and N,N‐bis‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) linseed oil fatty acid amide (HELA) as the ingredient source of the polyol used. The phthalic anhydride was partially replaced with N‐phthaloylglutamic acid NPGA as the ingredient source of the dibasic acid. The structure of the resin was confirmed by FT‐IR spectral studies. Coatings of 50±5 μm thickness were applied to the surface of glass panels and mild steel strips by means of a brush. The coating performance of the resins was evaluated using international standard test methods and involved the measurement of phyisco‐mechanical properties and chemical resistance.FindingsThe tests carried out revealed that the modified PEA based on N‐phthaloylglutamic acid (NPGA) enhanced both phyisco‐mechanical and chemical properties. Also, the resins were incorporated within primer formulations and evaluated as anti‐corrosive single coatings. The results illustrate that the introduction of N‐phthaloylglutamic acid, within the resin structure, improved the film performance and enhances the corrosion resistance performance of PEA resins.Practical implicationsThe modified PEA compounds can be used as binder in paint formulations to improve chemical, physical and corrosion resistance properties.Originality/valueModified PEA resins are cheaper and can be used to replace other more expensive binders. These modified PEA resins can compensate successfully for the presence of many the anticorrosive paint formulations and thus lower the costs. The main advantage of these binders is that they combine the properties of both polyester and polyamide resins based on nitrogenous compound, are of lower cost, and they also overcome the disadvantages of both its counterparts. Also, they can be applied in other industrial applications.
Eco‐friendly tannin‐phenol formaldehyde resin for producing wood composites
Authors: Jahanshaei S. , Tabarsa T. , Asghari J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an eco‐friendly tannin‐phenol formaldehyde resin (PFT) applicable in the wood composite industry.Design/methodology/approachThe bark of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) contains a large amount of condensed tannin. Condensed tannin, with a large amount of Catechol groups was considered for reducing the formaldehyde emission level on the adhesive system. Physical characteristics of synthesized PFT resin were evaluated.FindingsFor optimal extraction, three solvents were used in the extraction process. The results showed that a mixture of water‐methanol (1:1 v/v) as extracting solvent is the best solvent and yields about 14 per cent tannin based on dry weight of bark. For producing tannin phenol formaldehyde adhesive, 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent (based on PF dry weight) of PF, substituted with natural extracted tannin. For evaluating PFT performance effects of percentage amount of substitution tannin content on the gel time, viscosity, pH, and density of adhesives were evaluated. Based on emission test (JIS A 1460‐2001) formaldehyde emission of PFT 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent were 1.13, 1.12 and 0.4 mg/100 g, which is very low compared with tannin‐free PF.Research limitations/implicationsTannin‐PF adhesive compared to PF adhesive had lower PH, higher viscosity and shorter gel time.Practical implicationsThe method developed provides a simple and excellent renewable resource “tannin” which can be used or partially substituted in phenol formaldehyde adhesive.Originality/valueResults showed that replacing PF for tannin reduces modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) slightly but has significant effects on IB, water absorption and thickness swelling.
Bagasse hydrogels: water absorption and ions uptake
Authors: Ahmed A.E.‐S.I. , El‐Masry A.M. , Saleh A. , Nada A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare and optimize the preparation conditions of some new hydrogels and in addition, evaluate their water absorbance at different mediums and their ability to remove ions from aqueous solutions.Design/methodology/approachCellulose was extracted from depithed bagasse at two different pulping conditions; 3 and 6 hours cooking times, pulp (I) and (II), respectively. These pulps, in addition to cotton linter for comparison, were grafted with acrylamide followed by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde. The networks were partially hydrolyzed and the structures of products (before and after hydrolysis) were studied using FTIR, SEM, TGA and X‐ray. The optimum preparation conditions were identified, before and after hydrolysis, to achieve maximum absorbance and the ability of prepared hydrogels to remove ions from solutions was investigated.FindingsMaximum level of absorption was recorded using hydrogels prepared with monomer concentration =0.8 mol/l, cross‐linker concentration =0.01 mol/l, reaction time =2 hours and temperature =65°C. Hydrogels prepared using pulp (I) showed the best absorbance behavior and a tendency to remove ions from water.Research limitations/implicationsThe ability of the prepared gels to remove ions from water could be further investigated to evaluate the ability of their use in a multi‐filtration system for water treatment.Practical implicationsThis piece of work has suggested a simple way to convert an agricultural waste to hydrogel able to remove metal ions from water.Social implicationsConsuming this type of waste reduces the risks resulting from its burning in some countries, such as Egypt, that produce large amounts of it.Originality/valueIn this paper, low cost hydrogels, with expected value in water treatment, were prepared using agricultural wastes. They have shown better reactivity than gels prepared using pure cellulosic materials (cotton linter).
Solidification and reliability of lead‐free solder interconnection
Authors: Yu Hao , Shangguan Dongkai 
Published: March 2013

PurposeAs a literature review article, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the intricate interaction and correlation between the interconnection microstructure and the failure mechanism. It is therefore critical to summarize all the challenges in understanding solder solidification of interconnections.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review.FindingsSolidification of solder interconnections is therefore critical because it is the process during which the solder interconnection is formed. The as‐solidified microstructure serves as the starting point for all failure modes. Because of the miniaturization of electronics, the interconnection size decreases continuously, already to such a range that solder solidification takes place remarkably differently from the bulk ingot, on which solidification studies have been focused for decades. There are many challenges in understanding the solidification of tiny solder interconnections, including the complex metallurgical system, dynamic solder composition, supercooling and actual solidification temperature, localized temperature field, diverse interfacial IMC formation, and so on, warranting further research investment on solder solidification.Originality/valueThis paper provides a critical overview of the concerns in solidification study for lead‐free solder interconnection. It is probably an article initiating more attention towards solidification topics.
The differential transform method and Padé approximants for a fractional population growth model
Authors: Suat Erturk Vedat , Yıldırım Ahmet , Momanic Shaher , Khan Yasir 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an approximate method for solving a fractional population growth model in a closed system. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on the differential transform method. The solutions of a fractional model equation are calculated in the form of convergent series with easily computable components.FindingsThe diagonal Padé approximants are effectively used in the analysis to capture the essential behavior of the solution.Originality/valueIllustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.
Approximate analytical solution to time fractional nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Abdou M.A. , Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a scheme to study numerical solution of time fractional nonlinear evolution equations under initial conditions by reduced differential transform method.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers two models of special interest in physics with fractional‐time derivative of order, namely, the time fractional mKdV equation and time fractional convection diffusion equation with nonlinear source term.FindingsThe numerical results demonstrate the significant features, efficiency and reliability of the proposed method and the effects of different values are shown graphically.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the results obtained from the fractional analysis appear to be general.
Mixed convection in an inclined channel with heated porous blocks
Authors: Guerroudj N. , Kahalerras H. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study numerically the fluid flow and heat transfer in an inclined channel provided with heated porous blocks on its lower plate.Design/methodology/approachThe Brinkman‐Forchheimer extended Darcy model with the Boussinesq approximation is adopted for the flow in the porous regions. The governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are solved by the control volume method. The effect of some pertinent parameters such as the buoyancy force intensity, the porous blocks shape and height, the porous medium permeability and the Reynolds number are analyzed for various inclination angles ranging from −90° to +90°.FindingsThe results reveal, essentially, that the inclination angle of the channel can alter substantially the fluid flow and heat transfer mechanisms, especially at high Richardson and Darcy numbers. In this case, the maximum and minimum global Nusselt numbers are reached for α=+90° and α=−90°, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe results obtained in this work are valid for an inclined channel with porous blocks attached on the heated parts of the lower plate, whereas the upper wall is thermally insulated.Practical implicationsThe results obtained in this worky can be used in the thermal control of electronic components. The use of porous blocks mounted on the heat sources will increase the rate of heat removal in order to maintain the electronic components at an acceptable operating temperature.Originality/valueThe paper provides an interesting method to improve the cooling of electronic devices by use of a porous medium.
Exploring the public parameter of police integrity
Authors: Meyer Michael E. , Steyn Jean , Gopal Nirmala 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of the public component of Klockars’ and Kutnjak‐Ivkovic's organizational theory of police integrity to the understanding of police integrity.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a modified survey derived from “The Measurement of Police Integrity,” instrument developed by Klockarset al.Participants are constituted by a convenience sample of first‐year social studies students at the University of KwaZulu‐Natal (n=186) and 160 South African Police Service (SAPS) non‐commissioned officers throughout Gauteng Province, Republic of South Africa.FindingsOverall, the data present a mixed picture of integrity in the SAPS. The current study is certainly suggestive that the SAPS faces serious challenges to establishing and sustaining integrity and that based on either absolutist or normative criteria, the organization falls below desired levels of professional integrity. However, there are also indications that a significant proportion of officers will support efforts of the organization to establish and maintain professional standards of integrity.Practical implicationsThe findings, focused on non‐commissioned officers, contribute to a growing body of research across all levels of the SAPS. In addition, the research compares results from a non‐police sample, helping to contextualize the concept of integrity as it exists within the SAPS. More immediate implications relate to the potential for the development of a broad‐based integrity plan for the SAPS as a whole.Originality/valuePrevious research employing police only samples has concluded that the SAPS is an integrity‐challenged organization. While the present study agrees that the SAPS faces significant integrity challenges, the use of a comparative non‐policing sample also suggests that the Service is having some success in establishing integrity standards, at least in regard to lower level violations of organizational ethical standards.
Chondroitinase injection improves keloid pathology by reorganizing the extracellular matrix with regenerated elastic fibers
Authors: Ishiko Toshihiro , Naitoh Motoko , Kubota Hiroshi , Yamawaki Satoko , Ikeda Mika , Yoshikawa Katsuhiro , Fujita Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Hiroaki , Kurahashi Yasuhiro , Suzuki Shigehiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKeloids are a proliferative fibrotic disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in the dermis. Keloid lesions lack skin plasticity due to deficiencies in elastic fiber formation in the extracellular matrix. The loss of elastic fiber is caused by excessive accumulation of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. However, there is no radical cure for keloids. Using a model system, we show herein that treatment of keloid tissues with chondroitinase ABC, an enzyme that specifically digests CS, improves clinical features of keloids. Keloid tissues obtained from patients were grafted on nude mice, and chondroitinase ABC was injected into the grafted keloid tissues. Chondroitinase ABC treatment significantly reduced the volume of keloid implants concomitant with recovery of elastic fiber formation. These results suggest that chondroitinase ABC injection is an effective therapy for keloid.
Characteristics of Forensic Imaging Performance—An Analysis of Forensic Imaging Bottlenecks
Authors: Branigan Steven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDisk imaging involves copying all of the data from a source disk drive to a target. Typically, the target for the copy is another disk drive. Forensic processes developed years ago do not appear to be adequate for current storage technology. For example, with disk drive capacities now exceeding 1 Terabyte, a typical disk imaging can take over 8 hours at typical rates. With disk drive capacities increasing, forensic copying is expected to take even longer. Along with increase in disk capacity, the industry has also seen an increase in data transfer rates. In many cases, forensic imaging is taking longer than necessary. To identify the bottlenecks, an examination of different methods used to transfer data from a source disk was performed. Factors considered were differing disk access technologies. One finding is that the USB disk access technology (version 2.0 and earlier) is a significant bottleneck for data transfer rates, especially when the USB device is a write‐blocker. Other factors that contribute to the efficiency of a forensic copy are the file system used to write a forensic image and the data transfer size used when reading from a disk drive. Optimal parameters for performing a forensic acquisition from a disk drive are identified.