bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared video tracking of Anopheles gambiae at insecticide-treated bed nets reveals rapid decisive impact after brief localised net contact
Authors: Parker Josephine E.A. , Angarita-Jaimes Natalia , Abe Mayumi , Towers Catherine E. , Towers David , McCall Philip J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLong-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) protect humans from malaria transmission and are fundamental to malaria control worldwide, but little is known of how mosquitoes interact with nets. Elucidating LLIN mode of action is essential to maintain or improve efficacy, an urgent need as emerging insecticide resistance threatens their future. Tracking multiple free-flyingAnopheles gambiaeresponding to human-occupied bed nets in a novel large-scale system, we characterised key behaviours and events. Four behavioural modes with different levels of net contact were defined: swooping, visiting, bouncing and resting. Approximately 75% of all activity occurred at the bed net roof where multiple brief contacts were focussed above the occupant’s torso. Total flight and net contact times were lower at LLINs than untreated nets but the essential character of the response was unaltered. LLINs did not repel mosquitoes but impacted rapidly: LLIN contact of less than 1 minute per mosquito during the first ten minutes reduced subsequent activity; after thirty minutes, activity at LLINs was negligible. Velocity measurements showed that mosquitoes detected nets, including unbaited untreated nets, prior to contact. This is the most complete characterisation of mosquito-LLIN interactions to date and reveals many aspects of LLIN mode of action, important for developing the next generation of LLINs.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 and 3 Mediate Bone Marrow-Derived Monocyte/Macrophage Motility in Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Yang Le , Han Zhen , Tian Lei , Mai Ping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Lin , Li Liying 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) system has been implicated in the pathological process of liver injury. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of S1P/S1PR on bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) migration in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury and identify the signaling pathway underlying this process. S1PR1–3 expression in BMM was characterized by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell migration was determined in Boyden chambers. In vivo, the chimera mice, which received BM transplants from EGFP-transgenic mice, received an operation of bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce liver injury with the administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists. The results showed that S1PR1–3 were all expressed in BMMs. S1P exerted a powerful migratory action on BMMs via S1PR2 and S1PR3. Furthermore, PTX and LY-294002 (PI3K inhibitor) prevented S1PR2/3-mediated BMM migration and Rac1 activation by S1P was inhibited by JTE-013, CAY-10444 or LY294002. Administration of S1PR2/3 antagonists in vivo significantly reduced BMM recruitment in BDL-treated mice and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, S1P/S1PR2/3 system mediates BMM motility by PTX-PI3K-Rac1 signaling pathway, which provides new compelling information on the role of S1P/S1PR in liver injury and opens new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Quantitative analysis on electric dipole energy in Rashba band splitting
Authors: Hong Jisook , Rhim Jun-Won , Kim Changyoung , Ryong Park Seung , Hoon Shim Ji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report on quantitative comparison between the electric dipole energy and the Rashba band splitting in model systems of Bi and Sb triangular monolayers under a perpendicular electric field. We used both first-principles and tight binding calculations on p-orbitals with spin-orbit coupling. First-principles calculation shows Rashba band splitting in both systems. It also shows asymmetric charge distributions in the Rashba split bands which are induced by the orbital angular momentum. We calculated the electric dipole energies from coupling of the asymmetric charge distribution and external electric field and compared it to the Rashba splitting. Remarkably, the total split energy is found to come mostly from the difference in the electric dipole energy for both Bi and Sb systems. A perturbative approach for long wave length limit starting from tight binding calculation also supports that the Rashba band splitting originates mostly from the electric dipole energy difference in the strong atomic spin-orbit coupling regime.
Chronic inflammation up-regulates P-gp in peripheral mononuclear blood cells via the STAT3/Nf-κb pathway in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis mice
Authors: Liu Jiali , Zhou Fang , Chen Qianying , Kang An , Lu Meng , Liu Wenyue , Zang Xiaojie , Wang Guangji , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPatients with inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, often suffer drug intolerance. This resistance can be divided into intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance. Although there is agreement on acquired resistance, studies regarding intrinsic resistance have demonstrated inconsistencies, especially for Crohn’s disease. For this reason, an animal model of Crohn’s disease was induced with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution (TNBS) and intrinsic resistance was analyzed by measuring the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBC), followed by mechanistic studies. The results revealed reduced retention of cyclosporine A in PMBC over-expressing P-gp in a TNBS-treated group and enhanced secretion of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α as well as LPS in plasma. These cytokines and LPS can induce P-gp expression through the STAT3/Nf-κb pathway, contributing to a decrease of cyclosporine A retention, which can be reversed by the application of a P-gp inhibitor. Our results demonstrated that the sustained chronic inflammation could induce the intrinsic resistance presented as P-gp over-expression in PBMC in Crohn’s disease through STAT3/Nf-κb pathway and this resistance might be reversed by combinational usage of P-gp inhibitors.
Shifts in the eruptive styles at Stromboli in 2010–2014 revealed by ground-based InSAR data
Authors: Di Traglia Federico , Battaglia Maurizio , Nolesini Teresa , Lagomarsino Daniela , Casagli Nicola 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGround-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBInSAR) is an efficient technique for capturing short, subtle episodes of conduit pressurization in open vent volcanoes like Stromboli (Italy), because it can detect very shallow magma storage, which is difficult to identify using other methods. This technique allows the user to choose the optimal radar location for measuring the most significant deformation signal, provides an exceptional geometrical resolution and allows for continuous monitoring of the deformation. Here, we present and model ground displacements collected at Stromboli by GBInSAR from January 2010 to August 2014. During this period, the volcano experienced several episodes of intense volcanic activity, culminated in the effusive flank eruption of August 2014. Modelling of the deformation allowed us to estimate a source depth of 482 ± 46 m a.s.l. The cumulative volume change was 4.7 ± 2.6 × 105 m3. The strain energy of the source was evaluated 3–5 times higher than the surface energy needed to open the 6–7 August eruptive fissure. The analysis proposed here can help forecast shifts in the eruptive style and especially the onset of flank eruptions at Stromboli and at similar volcanic systems (e.g. Etna, Piton de La Fournaise, Kilauea).
Single-point position and transition defects in continuous time quantum walks
Authors: Li Z. J. , Wang J. B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of continuous time quantum walks (CTQW) with both position and transition defects defined at a single point in the line. Analytical solutions of both traveling waves and bound states are obtained, which provide valuable insight into the dynamics of CTQW. The number of bound states is found to be critically dependent on the defect parameters and the localized probability peaks can be readily obtained by projecting the state vector of CTQW on to these bound states. The interference between two bound states are also observed in the case of a transition defect. The spreading of CTQW probability over the line can be finely tuned by varying the position and transition defect parameters, offering the possibility of precision quantum control of the system.
New ground-based lidar enables volcanic CO2 flux measurements
Authors: Aiuppa Alessandro , Fiorani Luca , Santoro Simone , Parracino Stefano , Nuvoli Marcello , Chiodini Giovanni , Minopoli Carmine , Tamburello Giancarlo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere have been substantial advances in the ability to monitor the activity of hazardous volcanoes in recent decades. However, obtaining early warning of eruptions remains challenging, because the patterns and consequences of volcanic unrests are both complex and nonlinear. Measuring volcanic gases has long been a key aspect of volcano monitoring since these mobile fluids should reach the surface long before the magma. There has been considerable progress in methods for remote and in-situ gas sensing, but measuring the flux of volcanic CO2—the most reliable gas precursor to an eruption—has remained a challenge. Here we report on the first direct quantitative measurements of the volcanic CO2 flux using a newly designed differential absorption lidar (DIAL), which were performed at the restless Campi Flegrei volcano. We show that DIAL makes it possible to remotely obtain volcanic CO2 flux time series with a high temporal resolution (tens of minutes) and accuracy (<30%). The ability of this lidar to remotely sense volcanic CO2 represents a major step forward in volcano monitoring and will contribute improved volcanic CO2 flux inventories. Our results also demonstrate the unusually strong degassing behavior of Campi Flegrei fumaroles in the current ongoing state of unrest.
Ultraviolet Lasers Realized via Electrostatic Doping Method
Authors: Liu X. Y. , Shan C. X. , Zhu H. , Li B. H. , Jiang M. M. , Yu S. F. , Shen D. Z. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractP-type doping of wide-bandgap semiconductors has long been a challenging issue for the relatively large activation energy and strong compensation of acceptor states in these materials, which hinders their applications in ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronic devices drastically. Here we show that by employing electrostatic doping method, hole-dominant region can be formed in wide bandgap semiconductors and UV lasing has been achieved through the external injection of electrons into the hole-dominant region, confirming the applicability of the p-type wide bandgap semiconductors realized via the electrostatic doping method in optoelectronic devices.
Whole Genome Phylogeny of Bacillus by Feature Frequency Profiles (FFP)
Authors: Wang Aisuo , Ash Gavin J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFifty complete Bacillus genome sequences and associated plasmids were compared using the “feature frequency profile” (FFP) method. The resulting whole-genome phylogeny supports the placement of three Bacillus species (B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis and B. cereus) as a single clade. The monophyletic status of B. anthracis was strongly supported by the analysis. FFP proved to be more effective in inferring the phylogeny of Bacillus than methods based on single gene sequences [16s rRNA gene, GryB (gyrase subunit B) and AroE (shikimate-5-dehydrogenase)] analyses. The findings of FFP analysis were verified using kSNP v2 (alignment-free sequence analysis method) and Harvest suite (core genome sequence alignment method).
Carrier density effect on recombination in PTB7-based solar cell
Authors: Moritomo Yutaka , Yonezawa Kouhei , Yasuda Takeshi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are promising alternatives to the conventional inorganic solar cells due to their low-cost processing and compatibility with flexible substrates. The development of low band-gap polymer, e.g., poly-[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2–b:4,5–b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the last decade. Here, we investigated the interrelation between the instantaneous carrier density (n) per donor (D)/acceptor (A) interface area and the carrier density (ncollected) collected as photocurrent in PTB7/C70 heterojunction (HJ) device. By means of the time-resolved spectroscopy, we confirmed that the exciton—to—carrier conversion process takes place within ~1 ps at the D/A interface of the PTB7/C70 HJ device. We further determined the absolute magnitude of n by combination of the time-resolved and electrochemical spectroscopies. We found that the carrier recombination becomes dominant if n exceeds a critical concentration (nc = 0.003 carriers/nm−2). We confirmed that a similar behaviors is observed in the PTB7/[6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device. Our quantitative investigation based on the HJ device demonstrates that the fast carrier escape from the D/A interface region is indispensable for high PCE, because the carrier accumulation nonlinearly accelerates the carrier recombination process.
Understanding Phase-Change Memory Alloys from a Chemical Perspective
Authors: Kolobov A.V. , Fons P. , Tominaga J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhase-change memories (PCM) are associated with reversible ultra-fast low-energy crystal-to-amorphous switching in GeTe-based alloys co-existing with the high stability of the two phases at ambient temperature, a unique property that has been recently explained by the high fragility of the glass-forming liquid phase, where the activation barrier for crystallisation drastically increases as the temperature decreases from the glass-transition to room temperature. At the same time the atomistic dynamics of the phase-change process and the associated changes in the nature of bonding have remained unknown. In this work we demonstrate that key to this behavior is the formation of transient three-center bonds in the excited state that is enabled due to the presence of lone-pair electrons. Our findings additionally reveal previously ignored fundamental similarities between the mechanisms of reversible photoinduced structural changes in chalcogenide glasses and phase-change alloys and offer new insights into the development of efficient PCM materials.
One-Step Synthesis of Chiral Oxindole-type Analogues with Potent Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities
Authors: Sun Yulong , Liu Jia , Jiang Xianxing , Sun Tao , Liu Luping , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Ding Shaoli , Li Jingyi , Zhuang Yan , Wang Yiqing , Wang Rui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHere we report a facile approach to synthesize highly optically active oxindole-type analogues with both high yield and enantioselectivity. This single-step synthesis strategy represents a substantial improvement upon existing methods that are often involved with multi-step routes and have suboptimal atomic economy. One such compound, namely Q4c, showed remarkable in vivo anti-inflammatory activity with efficiency approaching to that of a steroidal compound dexamethasone. Moreover, Q4c alleviated pain in mouse models with comparable activity to morphine. Further investigation suggested that nitric oxide signaling pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Q4c. Notably, this is the first time that chiral oxindole-type analogues have been identified to be both anti-inflammatory and analgesic and our study also paved the way for future development of oxindoles as drug candidates in this field.
Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Response Inhibition in the Conflict-monitoring Stage
Authors: Ma Hailin , Wang Yan , Wu Jianhui , Luo Ping , Han Buxin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo investigate the effects of high-altitude exposure on response inhibition, event-related potential (ERP) components N2 and P3 were measured in Go/NoGo task. The participants included an ‘immigrant’ high-altitude group (who had lived at high altitude for three years but born at low altitude) and a low-altitude group (living in low altitude only). Although the behavioural data showed no significant differences between the two groups, a delayed latency of NoGo-N2 was found in the high-altitude group compared to the low-altitude group. Moreover, larger N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes were found in the high-altitude group compared to the low-altitude group, for both the Go and NoGo conditions. These findings suggest that high-altitude exposure affects response inhibition with regard to processing speed during the conflict monitoring stage. In addition, high altitude generally increases the neural activity in the matching step of information processing and attentional resources. These results may provide some insights into the neurocognitive basis of the effects on high-altitude exposure on response inhibition.
Glucanocellulosic ethanol: the undiscovered biofuel potential in energy crops and marine biomass
Authors: Falter Christian , Zwikowics Claudia , Eggert Dennis , Blümke Antje , Naumann Marcel , Wolff Kerstin , Ellinger Dorothea , Reimer Rudolph , Voigt Christian A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConverting biomass to biofuels is a key strategy in substituting fossil fuels to mitigate climate change. Conventional strategies to convert lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol address the fermentation of cellulose-derived glucose. Here we used super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to uncover the nanoscale structure of cell walls in the energy crops maize and Miscanthus where the typical polymer cellulose forms an unconventional layered architecture with the atypical (1, 3)-β-glucan polymer callose. This raised the question about an unused potential of (1, 3)-β-glucan in the fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. Engineering biomass conversion for optimized (1, 3)-β-glucan utilization, we increased the ethanol yield from both energy crops. The generation of transgenic Miscanthus lines with an elevated (1, 3)-β-glucan content further increased ethanol yield providing a new strategy in energy crop breeding. Applying the (1, 3)-β-glucan-optimized conversion method on marine biomass from brown macroalgae with a naturally high (1, 3)-β-glucan content, we not only substantially increased ethanol yield but also demonstrated an effective co-fermentation of plant and marine biomass. This opens new perspectives in combining different kinds of feedstock for sustainable and efficient biofuel production, especially in coastal regions.
AGM2015: Antineutrino Global Map 2015
Authors: Usman S.M. , Jocher G.R. , Dye S.T. , McDonough W.F. , Learned J.G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEvery second greater than 1025 antineutrinos radiate to space from Earth, shining like a faint antineutrino star. Underground antineutrino detectors have revealed the rapidly decaying fission products inside nuclear reactors, verified the long-lived radioactivity inside our planet and informed sensitive experiments for probing fundamental physics. Mapping the anisotropic antineutrino flux and energy spectrum advance geoscience by defining the amount and distribution of radioactive power within Earth while critically evaluating competing compositional models of the planet. We present the Antineutrino Global Map 2015 (AGM2015), an experimentally informed model of Earth’s surface antineutrino flux over the 0 to 11 MeV energy spectrum, along with an assessment of systematic errors. The open source AGM2015 provides fundamental predictions for experiments, assists in strategic detector placement to determine neutrino mass hierarchy and aids in identifying undeclared nuclear reactors. We use cosmochemically and seismologically informed models of the radiogenic lithosphere/mantle combined with the estimated antineutrino flux, as measured by KamLAND and Borexino, to determine the Earth’s total antineutrino luminosity at "Equation missing". We find a dominant flux of geo-neutrinos, predict sub-equal crust and mantle contributions, with ~1% of the total flux from man-made nuclear reactors.
Neurophysiological features of Internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder: a resting-state EEG study
Authors: Son K-L , Choi J-S , Lee J , Park S M , Lim J-A , Lee J Y , Kim S N , Oh S , Kim D J , Kwon J S 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite that Internet gaming disorder (IGD) shares clinical, neuropsychological and personality characteristics with alcohol use disorder (AUD), little is known about the resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) patterns associated with IGD and AUD. Therefore, this study compared the QEEG patterns in patients with IGD with those in patients with AUD to identify unique neurophysiological characteristics that can be used as biomarkers of IGD. A total of 76 subjects (34 with IGD, 17 with AUD and 25 healthy controls) participated in this study. Resting-state, eyes-closed QEEGs were recorded, and the absolute and relative power of brains were analyzed. The generalized estimating equation showed that the IGD group had lower absolute beta power than AUD (estimate=5.319, P<0.01) and the healthy control group (estimate=2.612, P=0.01). The AUD group showed higher absolute delta power than IGD (estimate=7.516, P<0.01) and the healthy control group (estimate=7.179, P<0.01). We found no significant correlations between the severity of IGD and QEEG activities in patients with IGD. The current findings suggest that lower absolute beta power can be used as a potential trait marker of IGD. Higher absolute power in the delta band may be a susceptibility marker for AUD. This study clarifies the unique characteristics of IGD as a behavioral addiction, which is distinct from AUD, by providing neurophysiological evidence.
Discovery of phosphonic acid natural products by mining the genomes of 10,000 actinomycetes
Authors: Ju Kou-San , Gao Jiangtao , Doroghazi James R. , Wang Kwo-Kwang A. , Thibodeaux Christopher J. , Li Steven , Metzger Emily , Fudala John , Su Joleen , Zhang Jun Kai , Lee Jaeheon , Cioni Joel P. , Evans Bradley S. , Hirota Ryuichi , Labeda David P. , van der Donk Wilfred A. , Metcalf William W. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The discovery of natural products, an important source of human medicines, is critical for the development of new therapeutics against health threats, including cancer and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Yet, in recent years, industrial development of pharmaceuticals from natural products has been stymied due to a variety of reasons, including the repeated discovery of previously known compounds. Here, we demonstrate large-scale genomics as one potential solution to this problem by mining a collection of 10,000 actinomycetes for novel phosphonic acids, an important class of natural products with antimicrobial, antiviral, antimalarial, and herbicidal activities. The framework described here provides a foundation for rapid, large-scale discovery of other classes of natural products and their use as lead compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.