bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le navire immobile : mobilité d'un topos scientifique de Copernic à Casanova
Authors: Tinguely Frédéric 
Published: February 2015

Dans son De Revolutionibus orbium cœlestium , Copernic s’appuie sur un vers de Virgile pour comparer l’illusion cosmologique dont nous sommes quotidiennement victimes à celle d’un navigateur qui croirait le rivage en mouvement. Bien que l’analogie n’ait en aucune façon force de preuve, elle devient vite un lieu commun de la littérature copernicienne, que l’on retrouve chez Bruno, Képler ou Galilée, et même, selon un autre mode, dans l’autobiographie de Casanova. En examinant diverses manifestations de ce topos – dont l’origine remonte à la science grecque –, on s’aperçoit qu’il constitue un lieu privilégié de réélaboration stratégique, de reformulation créative en vertu d’une culture rhétorique commune à ce que nous appellerions aujourd’hui l’écriture scientifique et l’écriture littéraire. Mais l’analyse du topos révèle encore deux choses : d’abord, que l’hypallage présente dans le vers de Virgile livre en quelque sorte la structure rhétorique de l’intuition copernicienne ; ensuite, que son extrême plasticité, et donc la relativité de ses usages, prolonge à la perfection son contenu scientifique, qui se ramène à une leçon de relativité optique ou mécanique.
La Corse est-elle soluble dans le modèle méditerranéen ? Une analyse à partir d'une régression quantile sur données d'entreprises en panel entre 2004 et 2010
Authors: Garsaa Aziza , Levratto Nadine , Tessier Luc 
Published: February 2015

Ce texte propose une analyse comparée des trajectoires de croissance d’entreprises implantées d’une part en Corse, de l’autre dans les départements semblables du pourtour méditerranéen. À travers cette étude il s’agit de mettre en évidence la spécificité d’une économie insulaire au regard de territoires continentaux considérés comme ses plus proches voisins et de voir en quoi les spécificités territoriales influent sur la croissance des entreprises. À partir de régressions quantiles sur données d’entreprises en panel au cours de la période 2004-2010, nos résultats montrent la plus forte sensibilité de la croissance des entreprises corses aux dettes et l’importance du crédit interentreprises dans leur fonctionnement. En revanche, alors que les entreprises des économies insulaires sont réputées prioritairement orientées vers le marché local, nous concluons à une sensibilité de la croissance des entreprises corses aux facteurs locaux différente de celle qui prévaut sur le pourtour méditerranéen.
L'emploi dans les départements français, un indicateur de performances économiques : une approche comparative et exploratoire
Authors: Largent Yannis Maël 
Published: February 2015

Dans l’étude comparative des performances macroéconomiques des pays, l’emploi est un sujet d’analyse de référence. L’objectif de cet article est de fournir, pour l’année 2009, un cadre d’analyse des performances économiques des départements français (en termes d’efficacité du marché du travail et de performances sociales). Tout d’abord, l’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) et la classification hiérarchique sur les composantes principales (HCPC) nous permettent d’identifier et de classer les départements en fonction de leurs caractéristiques. Puis l’analyse exploratoire bivariée nous permet d’établir une carte départementale des performances économiques. Ce travail met en évidence une hétérogénéité des performances économiques en France où cinq catégories de départements se distinguent selon une déclinaison de modalités de performances : très bonnes, bonnes, moyennes, passables, mauvaises.
Un meilleur enseignement : nous le pouvons si nous le voulons
Authors: Deschamps Robert 
Published: February 2015

Les performances de l’enseignement en Communauté française de Belgique ne sont pas brillantes au vu de comparaisons internationales. Cet enseignement est pourtant parmi les mieux financés, et le taux d’encadrement est particulièrement généreux. Nous pourrions faire bien mieux en nous inspirant de pays qui obtiennent des résultats supérieurs aux nôtres. Dans la proposition développée ici, les établissements scolaires seraient appréciés sur base des progrès qu’ils auront fait accomplir à leurs élèves ; les écoles seraient incitées, financièrement et en encadrement, à accueillir des élèves de tous niveaux et de tous milieux sociaux ; elles disposeraient de plus de liberté quant à l’affectation du temps de travail de leurs enseignants et à l’utilisation de leurs moyens financiers. D’autres questions relatives à l’organisation du système d’enseignement sont également abordées.
STUDY OF SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN LEVEL AND ITS RELATION TO ERYTHROPOIETIC ACTIVITY IN BETA THALASSEMIA CHILDREN .
Authors: Ragab Seham , Safan Manal A. , Badr Eman A. 
Published: February 2015

Background :Serum haptoglobin (Hp) is a reliable marker for hemolysis regardless the inflammatory state. Objective: We investigated the possible relation between Hp depletion and hemolysis severity, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and iron load in β-thalassemia children. Methods: Twenty two β-thalassemia major (TM) ,20 β-thalassemia intermedia (TI) children with 20 age and sex matched healthy controls were involved. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin level was considered . Serum ferritin , Hp and transferrin receptor levels (sTfR) (by ELISA ) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (by colorimetric method) were assayed. Markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were done by PCR. Results: The mean Hp levels among the studied groups were as follows; 8.02 ± 0.93 (mg/dl) , 8.6 ±0.72 (mg/dl) and 122 ± 18.5(mg/dl) for TM ,TI and the controls respectively . Both patient groups had significantly lower Hp level compared to the controls (P<0.0001) with significant lower level in TM compared to TI children ( P= 0.034) .Significant inverse correlations were found between serum Hp and sTfR levels in thalassemia children combined and in each group (TM and TI) as well as among HCV infected children. STfR was the only significant independent predictor for serum Hp level (t= -5.585 , P<0.0001) . Among HCV infected patients , no significant correlation was found between serum Hp and serum transaminases .Conclusion: Serum Hp depletion in thalassemia had significant relation to disease severity and correlated well with their erythropoietic activity, as assessed by the measurement of sTfR without significant relation HCV infection . Large sample multicenter studies are recommended.
Acquired Hemophilia A successfully treated with rituximab
Authors: D'Arena Giovanni , Grandone Elvira , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Musto Pellegrino , Di Minno Giovanni 
Published: February 2015

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder due to the development of specific autoantibodies against factor VIII. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab has been proven to be effective in obtaining a long-term suppression of inhibitors of AHA, besides other immunosuppressive standard treatments. Here we describe a case of idiopathic AHA in a 60-year old man successfully treated with rituximab. He showed a complete clinical response with a normalization of clotting parameters after 5 weekly courses of rituximab given at a dose of 375 mg/sqm. , but after stopping rituximab, an initial worsening of coagulation parameters induced the addition of 3 further courses. At present, the patient is in complete clinical and hematological remission after 200 days. This case confirms that Rituximab may be a safe and useful tool to treat AHA and, a prolonged administration can overcome the initial resistance. However, the precise position of this drug in the therapeutic strategy (first or second-line, alone or in combination with other drugs) remains to be established and warrants further investigation.
The Constitution of English Literature
Authors: Gardiner Michael 
Published: February 2015

In this extended essay, Michael Gardiner examines the ideology of the discipline of English Literature in the light of the serious redefining work on England and Englishness that has been conductedin Political Studiesin the last decade. He argues that English Literature emerges from the development of the state and that consequently it has suppressed the idea of the nation. His claim is that English Literature has lost its form since its methodology and canonicity depended so heavily on a constitutional form which can no longer be defended.
He calls upon those working in English Literature to recognise that they are not really participating in the same discipline, defined by the Burkean constitutional settlement, even if they think of themselves as writing ‘within the canon’. His view is that a lack of appreciation of ‘hard-edged’ political factors have led to a ‘continuant’ and regressive form of English Literature which tends to hang on to stifling methodologies. In its place, he appeals for the creation of a more open-ended, inclusive, internationalist, and comparative ‘literature of England’.
The Tories
Authors: Heppell Timothy 
Published: February 2015

This book offers a comprehensive and accessible study of the electoral strategies, governing approaches and ideological thought of the British Conservative Party from Winston Churchill to David Cameron. Timothy Heppell integrates a chronological narrative with theoretical evaluation, examining the interplay between the ideology of Conservatism and the political practice of the Conservative Party both in government and in opposition. He considers the ethos of the Party within the context of statecraft theory, looking at the art of winning elections and of governing competently.
The book opens with an examination of the triumph and
subsequent degeneration of one-nation Conservatism in the 1945 to 1965 period, and
closes with an analysis of the party’s re-entry into government as a
coalition with the Liberal Democrats in 2010, and of the developing ideology and
approach of the Cameron-led Tory party in government.
Accurate Quantification of Two Key Time Points Used in the Determination of Hydroxyl Polyaluminum Species by Ferron Timed Spectrophotometry
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yong Xiaojing , Zhao Dongyan , Shi Qiuyi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The content of mononuclear Al (Ala%) changed with its determination time (ta) under different dosages of Ferron (7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid, [Ferron]), and the change of Ala% with [Ferron] at different ta was systematically investigated for the firsttime. Thus, the most appropriate ta was found with the optimal [Ferron]. Also, the judgment of the platform (flat or level portion) of the complete reaction on the absorption-time curve determined in the hydroxyl polyaluminum solution by Ferron timed spectrophotometry (Ferron assay) was first digitized. The time point (tb) of complete reaction between the medium polyaluminum (Alb)and Ferron reagent depended on the reaction extent, and time could not be used only to judge. Thus, the tb was accurately determined and reduced to half of original, which improved the experiment efficiency significantly. The Ferron assay was completely optimized.
Jean Genet à Chicago : de la vision du même à l’autre regard
Authors: Lussier Alexis 
Published: February 2015

Qu’y a-t-il de commun entre l’étonnante spéculation qui accompagne, chez Genet, la rencontre des tableaux de Rembrandt, et la vision, non moins surprenante, de la Convention démocrate à Chicago qu’il décrit, en 1968, dans « Les membres de l’Assemblée » ? Qu’y a-t-il de commun entre un regard et un autre ? Tout d’abord la différence qui les sépare, mais qui, en même temps, les rapproche et les réunit sur une même ligne directrice, qui va de la vision d’un autre homme, lors d’un voyage en train, où rien n’est aussi visible que le fait que tout homme est identique à tous les autres, à la vision de l’ennemi politique que Genet se voit devenir à travers le regard d’un policier. Au moment d’arriver en Amérique, ce n’est donc pas sans raison que l’écrivain semble se désintéresser, ou plutôt se laisser distraire, de la Convention démocrate, pour mieux détailler le corps de la police de Chicago. Sur cette ligne qui va de la rencontre dans le train, rapportée dans le texte sur Rembrandt, au regard du policier, c’est tout le passage au politique qui est bel et bien lisible. Passage de la vision du même à l’autre regard, de la rencontre mélancolique, avec une identité unique, annulant toute identité, à la reconnaissance, plutôt joyeuse, des rivalités politiques.
Incoherent signature of internal tides on sea level in idealized numerical simulations
Authors: Ponte A. L. , Klein P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe nonpersistent phase relationship between internal tides and astronomical forcings, also known as incoherence, has been identified as a major question in the context of future wide‐swath satellite altimetry. This study addresses this issue using a novel set of numerical experiments where a plane wave/low‐mode internal tide propagates through a turbulent mesoscale eddy field. These experiments demonstrate the emergence of internal tide incoherence as the eddy turbulence is strengthened. In strongly turbulent situations, the internal tide signature on sea level forms complex interference patterns with large amplifications of the initial internal wave. These patterns evolve more rapidly than the signature of the turbulent eddy field on sea level. The implications of such idealized numerical simulations for wide‐swath altimetry are discussed.
Aftershock triggering by postseismic stresses: A study based on Coulomb rate‐and‐state models
Authors: Cattania Camilla , Hainzl Sebastian , Wang Lifeng , Enescu Bogdan , Roth Frank 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe spatiotemporal clustering of earthquakes is a feature of medium‐ and short‐term seismicity, indicating that earthquakes interact. However, controversy exists about the physical mechanism behind aftershock triggering: static stress transfer and reloading by postseismic processes have been proposed as explanations. In this work, we use a Coulomb rate‐and‐state model to study the role of coseismic and postseismic stress changes on aftershocks and focus on two processes: creep on the main shock fault plane (afterslip) and secondary aftershock triggering by previous aftershocks. We model the seismic response to Coulomb stress changes using the Dieterich constitutive law and focus on two events: the Parkfield,Mw= 6.0, and the Tohoku,Mw= 9.0, earthquakes. We find that modeling secondary triggering systematically improves the maximum log likelihood fit of the sequences. The effect of afterslip is more subtle and difficult to assess for near‐fault events, where model errors are largest. More robust conclusions can be drawn for off‐fault aftershocks: following the Tohoku earthquake, afterslip promotes shallow crustal seismicity in the Fukushima region. Simple geometrical considerations indicate that afterslip‐induced stress changes may have been significant on trench parallel crustal fault systems following several of the largest recorded subduction earthquakes. Moreover, the time dependence of afterslip strongly enhances its triggering potential: seismicity triggered by an instantaneous stress change decays more quickly than seismicity triggered by gradual loading, and as a result we find afterslip to be particularly important between few weeks and few months after the main shock.
The fine structure of double‐frequency microseisms recorded by seismometers in North America
Authors: Koper Keith D. , Burlacu Relu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe performed a frequency‐dependent polarization analysis on ambient seismic energy recorded by 1768 USArray Transportable Array (TA) seismometers for the time period of 1 April 2004 through 31 October 2014. The seismic energy has strong seasonal variations in power and polarization at essentially all stations; however, the annual variation is much smaller. One year of data is sufficient to determine the average properties of the ambient seismic wavefield at a particular site. The average power and dominant period in the double‐frequency (DF) microseism band, defined here as periods of 2–10 s, vary significantly and coherently across North America. Proximity to a coastline generally leads to increased DF microseism amplitude, but site geology is much more important, with sedimentary basins having especially large DF amplitudes. The western U.S. as a whole has longer dominant DF periods than the central and eastern U.S., with the southeastern U.S. having the shortest dominant DF periods. Power spectral density estimates at many TA stations show a splitting of the DF microseism peak into two distinct subpeaks. This has been observed previously in data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers, with the shorter‐period DF peak attributed to the local sea and the longer‐period DF peak attributed to more distant, coastally generated microseisms. In the case of the land‐based TA data analyzed here, the DF splitting arises from simultaneous microseism generation at various source areas (Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico) with distinct, preferred excitation frequencies. DF microseism source properties derived from global models of ocean wave interaction support this interpretation.
Slab‐derived fluids, fore‐arc hydration, and sub‐arc magmatism beneath Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Saita Hiroto , Nakajima Junichi , Shiina Takahiro , Kimura Jun‐Ichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe estimate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) P wave attenuation structure beneath Kyushu, Japan, using a large number of high‐quality waveform data. Our results show that the mantle wedge is characterized by high‐attenuation regions in the fore‐arc corner and in the back‐arc beneath volcanoes, with the two regions separated by a low‐attenuation area. The volcanic gap in central Kyushu is underlain by low attenuation below the Moho. High attenuation in the fore arc is probably associated with serpentinized peridotite, while that in the back arc is interpreted as an upwelling flow that is the source of arc magmas. The presence of low‐attenuation mantle that separates the high‐attenuation hydrated, fore‐arc, and back‐arc mantle regions suggests that fluids are supplied from two depth levels of the slab by different mechanisms. Low attenuation beneath the volcanic gap probably results from intricate 3‐D mantle flow that is caused by tectonic processes such as back‐arc extension and ridge collision.
Materials Handling System Design
Authors: Heragu Sunderesh S. , Ekren Banu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMaterial handling systems consist of discrete or continuous resources to move entities from one location to another. They are more common in manufacturing systems compared to service systems. Material movement occurs everywhere in a factory or warehouse—before, during, and after processing. This chapter discusses types of equipment, how to select material handling equipment, an operating model for material handling, and warehousing issues. It ends with a case study that implements some of these issues. Material handling work should be minimized without sacrificing productivity or the level of service required of the operation. Material handling operations should be mechanized and/or automated where feasible to improve operational efficiency, increase responsiveness, improve consistency and predictability, decrease operating costs, and eliminate repetitive or potentially unsafe manual labor. Computerized material handling systems should be considered where appropriate for effective integration of material flow and information management.
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Mihai R 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease and raise difficult management challenges.

Methods
All references identified in PubMed, published between 2004 and 2014, using the keywords ‘adrenocortical cancer’ or ‘adrenal surgery’ or both, were uploaded into a database. The database was interrogated using keywords specific for each field studied.

Results
In all, 2049 publications were identified. There is ongoing debate about the feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for small ACCs, and data derived from institutional case series have failed to provide an evidence level above expert opinion. The use of mitotane (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane) in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic disease has been assessed in an international randomized trial (FIRM-ACT trial) involving patients with ACC. Based on this trial, mitotane plus etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin is now the established first-line cytotoxic therapy owing to a higher response rate and longer median progression-free survival than achieved with streptozocin–mitotane. For patients with tumours smaller than 5 cm and with no signs of lymph node or distant metastases, survival is favourable with a median exceeding 10 years. However, the overall 5-year survival rate for all patients with ACC is only 30 per cent.

Conclusion
Open and potentially laparoscopic adrenalectomy for selected patients is the main treatment for non-metastatic ACC, but the overall 5-year survival rate remains low.
Regional differences of [18F]‐FDG uptake within the brain during fatiguing muscle contractions
Authors: Kindred John H. , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Bojsen‐Møller Jens , Rudroff Thorsten 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposeMany studies have shown that a position task is more difficult than a force task although both are performed at a similar net muscle force. Thus, the time to task failure is consistently shown to be briefer during the position task. The contributions of the central nervous system to these two types of fatiguing contractions are not completely understood. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine differences in regional brain activity between force and position tasks using positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]‐Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).MethodsTwo participants performed both a force and position task, separated by 7 days, with the elbow flexor muscles at 15% maximal voluntary contraction force. During both tasks, each participant was injected with ≈256 (SD 11) MBq of FDG. Immediately after both tasks PET imaging was performed and images were analyzed to determine FDG uptake within regions of the brain.ResultsFDG uptake was greater in the occipital and temporal cortices of the brain during the position task compared to the force task.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that differences in visual‐spatial feedback and processing may play a role in the reduced time to failure of position tasks. Future application of these findings may lead to improved designs of rehabilitative strategies involving different types of visual feedback.