bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening and identification of resistance related proteins from apple leaves inoculated with Marssonina coronaria (EII. & J. J. Davis)
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Xu Jianhua , Qiu Zonghao , Zhang Juan , Ma Fengwang , Zhang Junke 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Apple, an invaluable fruit crop worldwide, is often prone to infection by pathogenic fungi. Identification of potentially resistance-conferring apple proteins is one of the most important aims for studying apple resistance mechanisms and promoting the development of disease-resistant apple strains. In order to find proteins which promote resistance to Marssonina coronaria, a deadly pathogen which has been related to premature apple maturation, proteomes from apple leaves inoculated with M. coronaria were characterized at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE).

Results
Overall, 59 differentially accumulated protein spots between inoculation and non-inoculation were successfully identified and aligned as 35 different proteins or protein families which involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, transport, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, binding, antioxidant, defense and stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also used to examine the change of some defense and stress related genes abundance under inoculated conditions.

Conclusions
In a conclusion, different proteins in response to Marssonina coronaria were identified by proteomic analysis. Among of these proteins, there are some PR proteins, for example class III endo-chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and thaumatine-like protein, and some antioxidant related proteins including aldo/keto reductase AKR, ascorbate peroxidase and phi class glutathione S-transferase protein that were associated with disease resistance. The transcription levels of class III endo-chitinase (L13) and beta-1, 3-glucanase (L17) have a good relation with the abundance of the encoded protein’s accumulation, however, the mRNA abundance of thaumatine-like protein (L22) and ascorbate peroxidase (L28) are not correlated with their protein abundance of encoded protein. To elucidate the resistant mechanism, the data in the present study will promote us to investigate further the expression regulation of these target proteins.
Using anodic aluminum oxide templates and electrochemical method to deposit BiSbTe-based thermoelectric nanowires
Authors: Kuo Hsin-Hui , Kuo Chin-Guo , Yen Chia-Ying , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, the cyclic voltammetry method was first used to find the reduced voltages and anodic peaks of Bi3+, Sb3+, and Te4+ ions as the judgments for the growth of the (Bi,Sb)2 - x
Te3 + x
-based materials. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) was used as a solvent, and 0.3 M potassium iodide (KI) was used to improve the conductivity of the solution. Two different electrolyte formulas were first used: (a) 0.01 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.01 M SbCl3, and 0.01 M TeCl4 and (b) 0.015 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.005 M SbCl3, and 0.0075 M TeCl4. The potentiostatic deposition process was first used to find the effect of reduced voltage on the variation of compositions of the (Bi,Sb)2 - x
Te3 + x
-based materials. After finding the better reduced voltage, 0.01 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.01 M SbCl3, and 0.01 M TeCl4 were used as the electrolyte formula. The pulse deposition process was successfully used to control the composition of the (Bi,Sb)2 - x
Te3 + x
-based materials and grow the nanowires in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates.
Probing substrate influence on graphene by analyzing Raman lineshapes
Authors: Huang Chen-Han , Lin Hsing-Ying , Huang Cheng-Wen , Liu Yi-Min , Shih Fu-Yu , Wang Wei-Hua , Chui Hsiang-Chen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We provide a new approach to identify the substrate influence on graphene surface. Distinguishing the substrate influences or the doping effects of charged impurities on graphene can be realized by optically probing the graphene surfaces, included the suspended and supported graphene. In this work, the line scan of Raman spectroscopy was performed across the graphene surface on the ordered square hole. Then, the bandwidths of G-band and 2D-band were fitted into the Voigt profile, a convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian profiles. The bandwidths of Lorentzian parts were kept as constant whether it is the suspended and supported graphene. For the Gaussian part, the suspended graphene exhibits much greater Gaussian bandwidths than those of the supported graphene. It reveals that the doping effect on supported graphene is stronger than that of suspended graphene. Compared with the previous studies, we also used the peak positions of G bands, and I
2D/I
G ratios to confirm that our method really works. For the suspended graphene, the peak positions of G band are downshifted with respect to supported graphene, and the I
2D/I
G ratios of suspended graphene are larger than those of supported graphene. With data fitting into Voigt profile, one can find out the information behind the lineshapes.
Global existence and nonexistence of solutions for quasilinear parabolic equation
Authors: Xu Xianghui , Lee Yong-Hoon , Fang Zhong Bo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This work is concerned with the global existence and nonexistence of solutions for a quasilinear parabolic equation with null Dirichlet boundary condition. Based on the Galerkin approximation technique and the theory of a family of potential wells, we obtain the invariant sets and vacuum isolating of global solutions including critical case, and we also give global nonexistence.

MSC:35A01, 35B06, 35B08.
Knockdown of PRKAR1A, the Gene Responsible for Carney Complex, Interferes With Differentiation in Osteoblastic Cells
Authors: Zhang Mei , Manchanda Parmeet K. , Wu Dayong , Wang Qianben , Kirschner Lawrence S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
PRKAR1A is the gene encoding the type 1A regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, and it is the cause of the inherited human tumor syndrome Carney complex. Data from our laboratory has demonstrated that Prkar1a loss causes tumors in multiple cell lineages, including neural crest cells and osteoblasts. We have proposed that one mechanism by which tumorigenesis occurs is through the failure of terminal differentiation. In the present study, we directly test the effects of Prkar1a reduction on osteogenic differentiation in mouse and human cells in vitro. We found that Prkar1a levels noticeably increased during osteoblastic differentiation, indicating a positive correlation between the expression of Prkar1a and osteogenic potential. To validate this hypothesis, we generated stable Prkar1a knockdown in both mouse and human cells. These cells displayed significantly suppressed bone nodule formation and decreased expression of osteoblast markers such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. These observations imply that the antiosteogenic effect of Prkar1a ablation is not species or cell line specific. Furthermore, because Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is a key mediator of osteoblast differentiation, we reasoned that the function of this transcription factor may be inhibited by Prkar1a knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays demonstrated that Prkar1a ablation repressed DNA binding and function of Runx2 at its target genes. Additionally, we determined that this effect is likely due to reductions in the Runx2-cooperating transcription factors forkhead box O1 and activating transcription factor 4. Taken together, this study provides direct evidence that ablation of Prkar1a interferes with signaling pathways necessary for osteoblast differentiation.
A tissue-engineered humanized xenograft model of human breast cancer metastasis to bone
Authors: Thibaudeau Laure , Taubenberger Anna V. , Holzapfel Boris M. , Quent Verena M. , Fuehrmann Tobias , Hesami Parisa , Brown Toby D. , Dalton Paul D. , Power Carl A. , Hollier Brett G. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The skeleton is a preferred homing site for breast cancer metastasis. To date, treatment options for patients with bone metastases are mostly palliative and the disease is still incurable. Indeed, key mechanisms involved in breast cancer osteotropism are still only partially understood due to the lack of suitable animal models to mimic metastasis of human tumor cells to a human bone microenvironment. In the presented study, we investigate the use of a human tissue-engineered bone construct to develop a humanized xenograft model of breast cancer-induced bone metastasis in a murine host. Primary human osteoblastic cell-seeded melt electrospun scaffolds in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 were implanted subcutaneously in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. The tissue-engineered constructs led to the formation of a morphologically intact ‘organ’ bone incorporating a high amount of mineralized tissue, live osteocytes and bone marrow spaces. The newly formed bone was largely humanized, as indicated by the incorporation of human bone cells and human-derived matrix proteins. After intracardiac injection, the dissemination of luciferase-expressing human breast cancer cell lines to the humanized bone ossicles was detected by bioluminescent imaging. Histological analysis revealed the presence of metastases with clear osteolysis in the newly formed bone. Thus, human tissue-engineered bone constructs can be applied efficiently as a target tissue for human breast cancer cells injected into the blood circulation and replicate the osteolytic phenotype associated with breast cancer-induced bone lesions. In conclusion, we have developed an appropriate model for investigation of species-specific mechanisms of human breast cancer-related bone metastasis in vivo.
John F. Kennedy and the Irish Catholic Political Tradition
Authors: Duncan Jason K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJohn F. Kennedy is remembered as the consummate American politician of his day, but he was also shaped by a distinct ethnic-religious tradition, that of Catholic Irish-Americans in the US. The often tragic history of Ireland is not easily reconciled with the power and glamour of the Kennedy family, but John Kennedy was closer to his immigrant roots than perhaps any other president. That heritage was often evident in his early political career and his rise to the White House. It was necessarily less obvious once he became president of a large and diverse nation. In the final months of his presidency, as he began to set a clearer direction for the nation both at home and abroad, he found time to visit Ireland. This seemingly sentimental journey had a more serious tone as well, as Kennedy recognized the origins of modern Irish nationalism.
A Thermodynamic Model for Evaluation of Mass Action Concentrations of La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-CaO-MgO Slags for Electroslag Remelting Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Wu Chengchuan , Cheng Guoguang , Tian Jun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAccording to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) for molten slags and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic model for the evaluation of mass action concentrations (designated by Ni for structure unit i) for La2O3-Al2O3, La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2, La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-CaO, La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-MgO and La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-CaO-MgO slag systems for electroslag remelting (ESR) has been formulated. The influencing factors for the mass action concentration of La2O3, such as mass fraction of Al2O3, CaF2, CaO and MgO and temperature, were investigated. The results show that when the mole fraction of La2O3 is at 0.495, the mass action concentration of La2O3 · Al2O3 achieves its maximum value 0.946 in the La2O3-Al2O3 binary slag. In a composition area of La2O3: 10wt% ∼ 45wt%, Al2O3: 0wt% ∼ 50wt% and CaF2: 20wt% ∼ 70wt% of the La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2 ternary slag at 1873 K, the results show that the calculated values of NLa2O3 are in good agreement with the reported measured values of aLa2O3. The iso-curves of NLa2O3 is also drawn from the calculated results, which reveals that the mass action concentration of La2O3 decreases with the increasing of the Al2O3 and CaF2 content, and Al2O3 is stronger than CaF2 in decreasing the mass action concentration of La2O3. However, in La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-CaO, La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-MgO and La2O3-Al2O3-CaF2-CaO-MgO slag systems, the mass action concentration of La2O3 increases with the increasing of the MgO and CaO content, and CaO is stronger than MgO in increasing the mass action concentration of La2O3. In addition, the mass action concentration of La2O3 increases with the increasing temperature at the composition of 30wt%La2O3, 10wt%Al2O3, 40wt%CaF2, 10wt%MgO and 10wt%CaO.
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Precipitates of Directional Solidified 50W600 Non-oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Wan Yong , Chen Wei-qing , Wu Shao-jie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe microstructure, morphologies of precipitates in directional solidified 50W600 non-oriented silicon steel with three cooling rates (0.095, 0.33 and 4.28 °C/s) were investigated. The results showed that the morphology of solid-liquid interface evolved from cellular to cellular dendritic, and then to dendritic with an increase of cooling rate. The grain size of specimen in the steady-state growth region decreased with increasing cooling rate. The precipitates in the steel were mainly four types as follows: AlN, MnS, AlN-MnS and Fe3C. The amount and volume fraction of precipitates firstly increased and then decreased with increasing cooling rate, and reached maximum values in the specimen with a cooling rate of 0.76 °C/s. The average size of precipitates decreased gradually with increasing cooling rate. The relationship between the average size of precipitates and cooling rate was D = 75.762·R−0.190.
Loops that are partitioned by groups
Authors: Atanasov Risto , Foguel Tuval 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A set of subgroups of a group is said to be a partition if every nonidentity element belongs to one and only one subgroup in this set. The study of groups with partition dates back to a paper by Miller published in 1906 ([Bull. Amer.
Math. Soc. 17 (1906/1907), 446–449]). In this paper we study the structure of loops that are partitioned by subgroups.
Vincenzo Dandini Szent Zoerard-András és Borromeo Szent Károly-oltárképe az arezzói Santa Maria in Gradi-templomban
Authors: Ilkó Krisztina 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study introduces ways to unfold the St. Zoerard-Andrew and St. Charles Borromeo Altapiece of Vincenzo Dandini (1607–1675), the gifted pupil of the famous baroque painter, Pietro da Cortona. Created in 1657, it is still housed today in its original position in the Church of Santa Maria in Gradi at Arezzo, in Tuscany. This painting has its own importance in Dandini's oeuvre, not only because it's his first dated and signed work, but also because of the rarity of the imagery of Zoerard-Andrew in Italy.
We can separate two different levels of the image: the Hungarian hermit could be seen as the subject of the cardinal's vision and his role model too. Charles Borromeo was the leading figure of the Council of Trent, and the cardinal archbishop of the Archidiocese of Milan, but had similar fasting and extreme starving practices like Zoerard- Andrew. So Zoerard-Andrew's presence is more interesting in a Camaldolese altarpiece — however they were both Benedictines — than the well-known italian reformator and makes Dandini's work an iconographical challenge.
The altarpiece depicts a scene from the life of St. Zoerard-Andrew derived from the Vita Sancotum Zoerardi et Benedicti (c. 1064) by Bishop Maurus of Pécs, when the hermit in the state of swoon lies in the arms of an angel (iuvenis visionis angelice). St. Zoerard-Andrew, first canonised saint of the Hungarian Kingdom in 1083, had an extremely stiff fasting practice, ate only one nut day-to-day in the forty days of the Lenten period. His bodily self-lacerations were the most terrific ways to earn God, he made for himself a wooden crown with stones hanging on four sides and set on an oak-tree trunk surrounded by sharpened canes. Like on Jan Sadeler's etching, he showned with his clever arrangements designed to prevent sleep as his tipical attributes in this period. This essay contributes to find out appointments of Zoerard-Andrew's and St. Charles Borromeo's way of living with the habits of the Camaldolese monks. I mean they were perfect role models for these hermits of the Santa Maria in Gradi. Finally, I demonstrate in my article how could use up their cult in the order's ideology during the Counter- Reformation and how these elements are interwoven in the iconography of the church.
Lukáts Sámuel (1767–1789) Rajzairól
Authors: Boda Zsuzsanna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A graphic series of 13 pieces were acquired by the Hungarian National Gallery from private collection two years ago. They are drawn by the Hungarian painter Sámuel Lukáts (1767 Pécel–1789 Losonc/Luèenec) who died very young, at his age of 22. We knew only two works of him until now. Seven pages of this newly appeared series (portraits, pictures of saints and genres) were made after the Nuremberg engraver, Bernhard Vogel's (1683–1737) mezzotintos that had been published in 1745 in a book entitled Ioannis Kupezky, incomparabilis artificis, imagines et picturae…. Lukáts used this book as a collection of models for practicing painting. The other six drawings made after various engravings show some important persons of the Hungarian history. All of them were palatines of Hungary in the 17–18th century. The row is incomplete and it is unknown how large it could be, but was made perharps by commission.
Synthesis of Arborescent Polymers by “Click” Grafting
Authors: Aridi Toufic , Gauthier Mario 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA novel method was developed for the preparation of arborescent (dendritic graft) polymers, by successive grafting reactions of linear chain segments using alkyne-azide “click” chemistry coupling. A linear polystyrene substrate was thus randomly functionalized with acetylene functionalities, by acetylation and further reaction with propargyl bromide in the presence of potassium hydroxide and 18-crown-6 in toluene. The anionic polymerization of styrene was achieved with 6-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-hexyllithium to obtain polystyrene with a protected hydroxyl chain end. Deprotection of the hydroxyl group, followed by conversion into tosyl and azide functionalities yielded the material serving as side chains in the grafting reactions. Coupling of the azide-terminated side chains with the acetylene-functionalized substrate in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst proceeded in up to 93% yield. Additional cycles of substrate functionalization and side chain coupling led to arborescent polymers of generations G1 and G2, with low polydispersity indices (Mw/Mn≈ 1.1), in 60-84% yield. These polymers are characterized by a very compact structure, and molecular weights increasing geometrically over successive generations. A similar methodology was also shown to work for the synthesis of arborescent polybutadiene systems, using azide-functionalized substrates and alkyne-terminated side chains. The coupling reaction proceeded in up to 76% yield under optimized conditions for these systems.
Optimization of a Monitoring Network for Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Boer E. P. J. , Dekkers A. L. M. , Stein A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we develop and apply a methodology to reduce an existing monitoring network to find an optimal configuration of a smaller network. We use a criterion based on locally weighted regression with two different weight functions. The methodology is applied to the Dutch national SO2 network and offers the possibility to include different politically relevant options in the model by weight criteria. Because full enumeration of all monitoring networks is impossible, a combinatorial search algorithm is applied to find a (sub)optimal solution. If different (optimal) monitoring networks result from different criteria, then the best can be selected.
Gas Dynamics in Eutrophic Lake Sediments Affected by Oxygen, Nitrate, and Sulfate
Authors: Liikanen Anu , Flöjt Laura , Martikainen Pertti 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn many freshwater ecosystems, the contents of NO−3 and SO2−4 have increased, whereas O2 has been depleted due to the increased acid and nutrient loads. These changes may affect carbon turnover and the dynamics of the major greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O. We studied the effects of O2, NO−3, and SO2−4 availability on carbon mineralization, and fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the sediments of hyper‐eutrophic Lake Kevätön, Finland. Undisturbed sediment cores from the deep (9 m) and shallow (4 m) profundal were incubated in a laboratory microcosm with oxic and anoxic water flows with NO−3 or SO2−4 concentrations of 0, 30, 100, 300, and 2000 μM The carbon mineralization rate (i.e., the sum of released CO2–C and CH4–C) was not affected by the oxidants. However, the oxidants did change the pathways of carbon degradation and the release of CH4 All of the oxidants depressed CH4 fluxes in the shallow profundal sediments, which had low organic matter content. In the deep profundal sediments rich in organic matter, the CH4 release was reduced by O2 but was not affected by SO2−4 (the effect of NO−3 was not studied). There was an increase in N2O release as the overlying water NO−3 concentration increased. Anoxia and highly elevated NO−3 concentrations, associated with eutrophication, increased drastically the global warming potential (GWP) of the sedimentary gases in contrast to the SO2−4 load, which had only minor effects on the GWP.
Soil Erosion and Sediment Sources in an Ohio Watershed using Beryllium‐7, Cesium‐137, and Lead‐210
Authors: Matisoff Gerald , Bonniwell Everett C. , Whiting Peter J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSoil cores and suspended sediments were collected within the Old Woman Creek, Ohio (OWC) watershed following a thunderstorm and analyzed for 7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb activities to compare the effects of till vs. no‐till management on soil erosion and sediment yield. The upper reaches of the watershed draining tilled agricultural fields were disproportionately responsible for the majority of the suspended sediment load compared with lower in the watershed (2.0–7.0 metric tons/km2 [Mg/km2] vs. 1.2–2.6 Mg/km2). About 6 to 10 times more sediment was derived from the subbasins that are predominantly tilled (6.8–12.4 Mg/km2) compared with the subbasins undergoing no‐till practices (0.5–1.1 Mg/km2). In undisturbed soils the 210Pb activities decreased with movement toward the bottom of the cores to the constant supported 210Pb value at a depth of about 10 cm. There was a subsurface maximum in 137Cs activity within the top 10 cm. In contrast, the 210Pb and 137Cs distributions in soils that are currently or were previously tilled were nearly homogeneous with depth, reflecting continuing or previous mixing by plowing. The activities of 210Pb and 7Be were linearly correlated and were higher in suspended sediments derived from no‐till subbasins than those derived from tilled subbasins, indicating that the soil surface is the source of suspended sediment. This study demonstrates that no‐till farming results in decreases in soil erosion and decreases in suspended sediment discharges and that those eroded sediments have a radionuclide signature corresponding to the tillage practice and the depth of erosion.