bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in a rotating biological contactor based photobioreactor
Authors: Blanken W. , Janssen M. , Cuaresma M. , Libor Z. , Bhaiji T. , Wijffels R. H. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMicroalgae biofilms could be used as a production platform for microalgae biomass. In this study, a photobioreactor design based on a rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used as a production platform for microalgae biomass cultivated in biofilm. In the photobioreactor, referred to as Algadisk, microalgae grow in biofilm on vertical rotating disks partially submerged in a growth medium. The objective is to evaluate the potential of the Algadisk photobioreactor with respect to the effects of disk roughness, disk rotation speed and CO2 concentration. These objectives where evaluated in relationship to productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, and long‐term cultivation stability in a lab‐scale Algadisk system. Although the lab‐scale Algadisk system is used, operation parameters evaluated are relevant for scale‐up. Chlorella Sorokiniana was used as model microalgae. In the lab‐scale Algadisk reactor, productivity of 20.1 ± 0.7 g per m2 disk surface per day and a biomass yield on light of 0.9 ± 0.04 g dry weight biomass per mol photons were obtained. Different disk rotation speeds did demonstrate minimal effects on biofilm growth and on the diffusion of substrate into the biofilm. CO2 limitation, however, drastically reduced productivity to 2–4 g per m2 disk surface per day. Productivity could be maintained over a period of 21 weeks without re‐inoculation of the Algadisk. Productivity decreased under extreme conditions such as pH 9–10, temperature above 40°C, and with low CO2 concentrations. Maximal productivity, however, was promptly recovered when optimal cultivation conditions were reinstated. These results exhibit an apparent opportunity to employ the Algadisk photobioreactor at large scale for microalgae biomass production if diffusion does not limit the CO2 supply. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2436–2445. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacovigilance in practice: erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents
Authors: Hedenus Michael , Ludwig Heinz , Henry David H. , Gasal Eduard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or other problems related to medical products after they have been licensed for marketing. The purpose of PV is to advance the safe use of marketed medical products. Regulatory agencies and license holders collaborate to collect data reported by health care providers, patients, and the public as well as data from systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and individual clinical and nonclinical studies. They validate and analyze the data to determine whether safety signals exist, and if warranted, develop an action plan to mitigate the identified risk. Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) provide an example of how PV is applied in reality. Among other approved indications, ESAs may be used to treat anemia in patients with chemotherapy‐induced anemia. ESAs increase hemoglobin levels and reduce the need for transfusions; they are also associated with a known increased risk of thromboembolic events. Starting in 2003, emerging data suggested that ESAs might reduce survival. As a result of PV activities by regulatory agencies and license holders, labeling for ESAs addresses these risks. Meta‐analyses and individual clinical studies have confirmed that ESAs increase the risk of thromboembolic events, but when used as indicated, ESAs have not been shown to have a significant effect on survival or disease progression. Ongoing safety studies will provide additional data in the coming years to further clarify the risks and benefits of ESAs.
Successful delivery after vaginal occlusion in addition to cerclage in a trachelectomy patient with recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss: a case report
Authors: Sneider Kirstine , Poulsen Mette Østergaard , Ottosen Christian , Langhoff‐Roos Jens 
Published: June 2014

Key Clinical messagePregnancy outcome after trachelectomy has high risk of complications such as second trimester pregnancy loss and preterm birth. We report beneficial effect of a simple procedure of vaginal occlusion in addition to cerclage in a patient with trachelectomy and two prior second trimester pregnancy losses.
The effect of the setting of a positive surgical margin in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: O'Donnell Patrick W. , Griffin Anthony M. , Eward William C. , Sternheim Amir , Catton Charles N. , Chung Peter W. , O'Sullivan Brian , Ferguson Peter C. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the risk of local recurrence and survival after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection with positive margins and to evaluate the safety of sparing adjacent critical structures.METHODSOne hundred sixty‐nine patients with localized STS who had positive resection margins were identified from a prospective database. Patients who had positive margins were stratified into 3 groups, each representing a specific clinical scenario: critical structure positive margin (eg major nerve, vessel, or bone), tumor bed resection positive margin, and unexpected positive margin. The rates of local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) were calculated and compared with relevant control patients who had negative margins after STS resection.RESULTSAfter planned close dissection to preserve critical structures, the 5‐year LRFS and CSS rates both depended on the quality of the surgical margins (97% and 80.3%, respectively, for those with negative margins vs 85.4% and 59.4%, respectively, for those with positive margins; P = .015 and P = .05, respectively). Negative margins achieved through resection of critical structures because of tumor invasion or encasement only slightly improved the 5‐year rates of LRFS (91.2%) and CSS (63.6%; P = .8 and P = .9, respectively). The lowest 5‐year LRFS and CSS rates were 63.4% and 59.2%, respectively, after an unexpected positive margin during primary surgery.CONCLUSIONSAfter patients undergo resection of STS with positive margins, oncologic outcomes can be predicted based on the clinical context. Sparing adjacent critical structures in this setting is safe and contributes to improved functional outcomes. Cancer 2014;120:2866–2875. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A prospective study of serum metabolites and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Cross Amanda J. , Moore Steven C. , Boca Simina , Huang Wen‐Yi , Xiong Xiaoqin , Stolzenberg‐Solomon Rachael , Sinha Rashmi , Sampson Joshua N. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDColorectal cancer is highly prevalent, and the vast majority of cases are thought to be sporadic, although few risk factors have been identified. Using metabolomics technology, our aim was to identify biomarkers prospectively associated with colorectal cancer.METHODSThis study included 254 incident colorectal cancers and 254 matched controls nested in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Serum samples were collected at baseline, and the mean length of follow‐up was 8 years. Serum metabolites were analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid‐phase chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for metabolites above the limit of detection and present in at least 80% of participants.RESULTSA total of 676 serum metabolites were measured; of these, 447 were of known identity and 278 of these were present in >80% of individuals. Overall, there was no association between serum metabolites and colorectal cancer; however, some suggestive associations were observed between individual metabolites and colorectal cancer but none reached statistical significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. For example, leucyl‐leucine was inversely associated (OR comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.32‐0.80; P = .003). In sex‐stratified analyses, serum glycochenodeoxycholate was positively associated with colorectal cancer among women (OR90th vs.10th percentile = 5.34; 95% CI = 2.09‐13.68; P = .0001).CONCLUSIONSNo overall associations were observed between serum metabolites and colorectal cancer, but serum glycochenodeoxycholate, a bile acid metabolite, was positively associated with colorectal cancer among women. Cancer 2014;120:3049–3057. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Different rates of DNA replication at early versus late S‐phase sections: Multiscale modeling of stochastic events related to DNA content/EdU (5‐ethynyl‐2′deoxyuridine) incorporation distributions
Authors: Li Biao , Zhao Hong , Rybak Paulina , Dobrucki Jurek W. , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Kimmel Marek 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMathematical modeling allows relating molecular events to single‐cell characteristics assessed by multiparameter cytometry. In the present study we labeled newly synthesized DNA in A549 human lung carcinoma cells with 15–120 min pulses of EdU. All DNA was stained with DAPI and cellular fluorescence was measured by laser scanning cytometry. The frequency of cells in the ascending (left) side of the “horseshoe”‐shaped EdU/DAPI bivariate distributions reports the rate of DNA replication at the time of entrance to S phase while their frequency in the descending (right) side is a marker of DNA replication rate at the time of transition from S to G2 phase. To understand the connection between molecular‐scale events and scatterplot asymmetry, we developed a multiscale stochastic model, which simulates DNA replication and cell cycle progression of individual cells and produces in silico EdU/DAPI scatterplots. For each S‐phase cell the time points at which replication origins are fired are modeled by a non‐homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP). Shifted gamma distributions are assumed for durations of cell cycle phases (G1, S and G2M), Depending on the rate of DNA synthesis being an increasing or decreasing function, simulated EdU/DAPI bivariate graphs show predominance of cells in left (early‐S) or right (late‐S) side of the horseshoe distribution. Assuming NHPP rate estimated from independent experiments, simulated EdU/DAPI graphs are nearly indistinguishable from those experimentally observed. This finding proves consistency between the S‐phase DNA‐replication rate based on molecular‐scale analyses, and cell population kinetics ascertained from EdU/DAPI scatterplots and demonstrates that DNA replication rate at entrance to S is relatively slow compared with its rather abrupt termination during S to G2 transition. Our approach opens a possibility of similar modeling to study the effect of anticancer drugs on DNA replication/cell cycle progression and also to quantify other kinetic events that can be measured during S‐phase. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Generation of mice carrying a knockout‐first and conditional‐ready allele of transforming growth factor beta2 gene
Authors: Ishtiaq Ahmed A. S. , Bose Gracelyn C. , Huang Li , Azhar Mohamad 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTransforming growth factor beta2 (TGFβ2) is a multifunctional protein which is expressed in several embryonic and adult organs. TGFB2 mutations can cause Loeys Dietz syndrome, and its dysregulation is involved in cardiovascular, skeletal, ocular, and neuromuscular diseases, osteoarthritis, tissue fibrosis, and various forms of cancer. TGFβ2 is involved in cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration, cell differentiation, cell‐matrix remodeling, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and wound healing in a highly context‐dependent and tissue‐specific manner. Tgfb2−/− mice die perinatally from congenital heart disease, precluding functional studies in adults. Here, we have generated mice harboring Tgfb2βgeo (knockout‐first lacZ‐tagged insertion) gene‐trap allele and Tgfb2flox conditional allele. Tgfb2βgeo/βgeo or Tgfb2βgeo/‐ mice died at perinatal stage from the same congenital heart defects as Tgfb2−/− mice. β‐galactosidase staining successfully detected Tgfb2 expression in the heterozygous Tgfb2βgeo fetal tissue sections. Tgfb2flox mice were produced by crossing the Tgfb2+/βgeo mice with the FLPeR mice. Tgfb2flox/− mice were viable. Tgfb2 conditional knockout (Tgfb2cko/−) fetuses were generated by crossing of Tgfb2flox/− mice with Tgfb2+/−; EIIaCre mice. Systemic Tgfb2cko/− embryos developed cardiac defects which resembled the Tgfb2βgeo/βgeo, Tgfb2βgeo/−, and Tgfb2−/− fetuses. In conclusion, Tgfb2βgeo and Tgfb2flox mice are novel mouse strains which will be useful for investigating the tissue specific expression and function of TGFβ2 in embryonic development, adult organs, and disease pathogenesis and cancer. genesis 52:817–826, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity Study of a Chlorostannylene Derived from Bis(iminophosphoranyl)methane
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , Kan Kwok‐Wai , Chan Yuk‐Chi , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reactivity of the chlorostannylene [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2SnCl] (2) with various substrates has been investigated. Compound 2 acts as a two‐electron carbene‐like ligand and forms a complex with W(CO)5THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran) to give [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2(Cl)Sn→W(CO)5] (4). It reacts with benzil and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone to give the oxidative cycloaddition products [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2(Cl)Sn{O(Ph)C=C(Ph)O}] (5) and [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2(Cl)Sn{O(3,5‐di‐tBu‐C6H2)O}] (6), respectively. The metathesis reaction of 2 with excess sodium azide affords [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2SnN3] (7). With silver(I) triflate, it forms an ionic triflate salt [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2Sn][CF3O2SO] (8), which features an exceptionally long Sn···OSO3CF3 distance. It can act as a ligand‐transfer reagent by reacting with [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] to give [HC(PPh2=NSiMe3)2Fe(μ‐Cl)]2 (9). The X‐ray structures of 2–9 have been determined.
Sterically Controlled Synthesis and Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Di‐ and Trimeric N‐Heterocyclic Phosphenium Metal(0) Halides
Authors: Nickolaus Jan , Bender Johannes , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe reaction of symmetrical bis(diazaphospholenyl) compounds with [MCl2(cod)] (M = Pd, Pt; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) has been used to prepare N‐heterocyclic phosphenium (NHP) metal(0) halides [M(NHP)Cl]n with diverse N substituents. Characterisation by ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy revealed that N‐tBu‐ and N‐aryl‐substituted NHP precursors yield trimeric (n = 3) and dimeric (n = 2) products, respectively; the degree of aggregation is presumably controlled by the different steric requirements of the NHP moiety. A single‐crystal XRD study of a trimeric Pd complex confirmed the proposed constitution of the complexes with μ2‐bridging NHP and terminal chlorido ligands and allowed their metrical parameters to be analysed for the first time undisturbed by crystallographic disorder. Studies of ligand substitution and redistribution processes revealed that the complexes withstand exchange of the μ‐bridging NHP units but tolerate substitution of the terminal chlorido ligands by other strong nucleophiles (SCN–, I–) with conservation of the oligomeric framework. Attempts to replace chlorido by thiolato ligands led to the discovery of a reaction between a phosphenium metal thiolate [Pd(NHP)(SR)]3 and CH2Cl2 to give a formaldehyde dithioacetal H2C(SR)2 (R = benzyl). This reaction could be developed into a protocol for a C–S cross‐coupling reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of the phosphenium complex.
Experimental and First‐Principles Studies of the Ternary Borides Ta3Ru5B2 and M3–xRu5+xB2 (M = Zr, Hf)
Authors: Hermus Martin , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTa3Ru5B2, Zr2.86(5)Ru5.14(5)B2, and Hf2.83(2)Ru5.17(2)B2 have been successfully synthesized as polycrystalline powders as well as single crystals and characterized by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and EDX analysis. Furthermore, their electronic structures and bonding characteristics have been analyzed by DFT calculations. The three phases are isotypic and crystallize with a Ti3Co5B2‐type structure (space group P4/mbm). Their electronic densities of states, which all possess a large pseudogap at the Fermi level, closely follow the rigid band model. Bonding analyses indicated that Ru–B and Ru–M (M = Zr, Hf, Ta) heteroatomic interactions are mainly responsible for their structural stability and that the homoatomic M–M interactions behave differently when connecting either two tetragonal or two pentagonal Ru prisms at the same distance.
Role of Triplet States of Two Different Ligands in the Sensitized Emission of LnIII (EuIII, TbIII) in d–f Hybrid Tetranuclear Heterometal (ZnII2LnIII2, CdII2LnIII2) Complexes
Authors: Samanta Swarna Kamal , Abtab Sk Md Towsif , Sardar Pinki Saha , Sanyal Sagarika , Chaudhury Muktimoy , Ghosh Sanjib 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe crystal structures of synthesized d–f hybrid tetranuclear heterometal ZnII2EuIII2 and CdII2EuIII2 complexes, involving a pair of carboxylate ligands in a rare μ4‐η2:η2 bridging mode, reveal that the metal centers are arranged alternately in a rhombic plane within 4 Å from each other. The ZnII2EuIII2 and ZnII2TbIII2 complexes exhibit efficient sensitization compared with the CdII‐analogues. Under proper excitation, the lowest ππ* triplet states of both ligands N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine (H2L) and hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac) act as donors, implying synergistic energy transfer (ET). The ratio of the sensitized efficiency for the heterocomplexes in different media at 298 K and 77 K, based on the observed transients, reveal the role of ZnII and CdII in the ET process. The ratio of the ET rate constants obtained from the time‐resolved phosphorescence of the complexes at 77 K and time‐dependent DFT calculations on homocomplexes support this contention.
A Neutral 1D Coordination Polymer Constructed from the NiII Complex of the N‐Phosphorylated Thiourea PhNHC(S)NHP(O)(OPh)2 and Pyrazine: A Single‐Source Precursor for Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Babashkina Maria G. , Safin Damir A. , Robeyns Koen , Garcia Yann 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe N‐phosphorylated thiourea PhNHC(S)NHP(O)(OPh)2 (HL) was synthesized by the reaction of PhNH2 and (PhO)2P(O)NCS. Reaction of the KL salt, generated in situ, with NiCl2 leads to pale violet [NiL2] with a 1,3‐N,S‐ coordination mode of the ligands. Interaction of [NiL2] with pyrazine (pz) yields the 1:1 coordination polymer [NiL2pz]n. An unexpected change in the coordination mode of the phosphorus‐containing ligands L from 1,3‐N,S‐ to 1,5‐O,S‐ was found in [NiL2pz]n upon coordination of additional donor ligands. [NiL2pz]n dissolved in tri‐n‐octylphosphine (TOP) was decomposed in hot hexadecylamine to give capped face‐centered cubic Ni nanoparticles with an average particle size of 17(2) nm.
Twin Polymerization: A Unique and Efficient Tool for Supporting Silver Nanoparticles on Highly Porous Carbon and Silica
Authors: Schliebe Christian , Gemming Thomas , Mertens Lutz , Mehring Michael , Lang Heinrich 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA convenient approach for the straightforward synthesis of highly dispersed silver nanoparticles (below 5 nm) in a carbon or silicon dioxide matrix through twin polymerization is reported. The obtained mainly microporous carbon (type I isotherm) and mesoporous silica materials (type IV isotherm) exhibit a rather high surface area (carbon = 1034 m2 g–1, SiO2 = 666 m2 g–1).
Design and Study of Peptides Containing 1:1 Left‐ and Right‐Handed Helical Patterns from Aminopyrancarboxylic Acids
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Ravindranath Hajari , Bhaskar Akkala , Jeelani Basha Shaik , Gurava Reddy Potti Reddy Gari , Sirisha Katukuri , Sarma Akella V. S. , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg 
Published: June 2014

Abstract(R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐aminopyrancarboxylic acids (APyCs) were used in the design of mixed β‐ and α/β‐peptides in alternation with β‐hGly and L‐Ala/D‐Ala, respectively. The enantiomeric β‐ and α/β‐tetrapeptides were then coupled in a 1:1 fashion to give octapeptides with 12/10‐ and 9/11‐mixed helices, respectively. The structure of the helices, with their characteristic hydrogen‐bonding patterns and an additional stabilizing interaction between peptide‐bond NH groups and pyran‐ring oxygen atoms, was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemical studies. The presence of equal parts of left‐ and right‐handed helices was confirmed by the cancellation of their respective CD patterns. Despite the disruption of the hydrogen bonding in the transition region, the helical conformation was maintained in the octamers. This study demonstrates the possibility of accommodating helices of opposite handedness within the same peptide.
Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism of ortho→α Transmetalation Reactions of Alkyl Aryl Sulfone Carbanions
Authors: Řehová Lucie , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe sulfonyl group, as an electron‐accepting function, displays a strong acidifying effect on neighboring α‐hydrogen atoms, leading to their deprotonation by bases. Recently, reversal of the metalation selectivity of α,γ‐branched alkyl aryl sulfones was described, which instead undergo directed ortho‐metalation with good regioselectivity, despite having a more acidic α‐proton. Upon warming, a transmetalation to the α‐carbanion proceeds; however, nothing is known about the course of this transmetalation. Here, a mechanistic study is presented that sheds light on the facility of the initial metalation and the subsequent transmetalation. Large kinetic isotope effects were observed for both the initial deprotonation and the ortho→α transmetalation, which strongly influence the initial metalation selectivity. The results of a kinetic investigation of the transmetalation and a crossover study indicate that a concerted intermolecular pathway, either from an aggregate or from a monomeric aryllithium, prevails. The potential involvement of a stepwise process via ortho,α‐dilithium intermediates was investigated, but no hint of their involvement was found.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Heteroaryl Cyclic Amines: Total Synthesis of (–)‐Anabasine
Authors: Sallio Romain , Lebrun Stéphane , Gigant Nicolas , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Deniau Eric 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new and concise method for the synthesis of enantioenriched 2‐heteroaryl cyclic amines was developed through an intramolecular chirality transfer. The influence of the nature of both ring size and heteroaryl moiety was investigated. The versatility of this reaction was demonstrated by the enantioselective synthesis of (–)‐anabasine.
A Formal Synthesis of Herboxidiene/GEX1A
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy G. Madhusudhan , Anjum S. Rehana , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA formal synthesis of herboxidiene/GEX 1A is described. This approach demonstrates successful application of the Prins cyclization for the construction of the tetrahydropyran core of the target molecule. The chirality of the side chain has been established through the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and Evan's alkylation. The olefin cross‐metathesis was applied to couple both key fragments.
Synthesis of Substituted Imidazolidines: Base‐Stable Precursors of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium Salts and N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Egert Meike , Walther Sebastian , Plenio Herbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present work establishes a new synthetic route that leads to substituted azolium salts. The base stable 1‐(4‐bromo‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine and 1,3‐bis(4‐bromo‐2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolidine were synthesized and the 4‐Br substituents converted into various functional groups through Br/Li exchange or Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, and vinylation). The substituted imidazolidines were oxidized, by using chloranil or N‐bromosuccinimide, to provide the respective azolium salts, which are convenient precursors to N‐heterocyclic carbenes.