bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Current Artificial Intelligence Programs on the Knowledge of Glaucoma
Authors: Sensoy Eyupcan , Citirik Mehmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background To measure the success of three different artificial intelligence chatbots, ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing, in correctly answering questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities and to examine their superiority over each other.
Materials and Methods Thirty-two questions about glaucoma types and treatment modalities were asked using the ChatGPT, Bard, and Bing chatbots. The correct and incorrect answers were also provided. Accuracy rates were compared.
Outcomes Questions asked: ChatGPT answered 56.3%, Bard 78.1%, and Bing 59.4% correctly. There was no statistically significant difference between the three artificial intelligence chatbots in the rate of correct and incorrect answers to the questions asked (p = 0.195).
Conclusion Artificial intelligence chatbots can be used as a tool to access accurate information regarding glaucoma types and treatment modalities. However, the information obtained is not always accurate, and care should be taken when using this information.
DNVF Memorandum – Ziele und Methoden bewegungsbezogener
Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Gabrys Lars , Schaller Andrea , Peters Stefan , Barzel Anne , Berrisch-Rahmel Susanne , Dreinhöfer Karsten E. , Eckert Katharina , Göhner Wiebke , Geidl Wolfgang , Krupp Sonja , Lange Martin , Nebel Roland , Pfeifer Klaus , Reusch Andrea , Schmidt-Ohlemann Matthias , Jana Semrau , Sewerin Philipp , Steindorf Karen , Ströhle Andreas , Sudeck Gorden , Wäsche Hagen , Wolf Sebastian , Wollesen Bettina , Thiel Christian 
Published: July 2024

zusammenfassungDas DNVF Memorandum – Ziele und Methoden bewegungsbezogener Versorgungsforschung
fasst das erste Mal das stark interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Feld der
Bewegungsversorgung im deutschen Gesundheitssystem zusammen. Neben einer
begrifflichen Einordnung und Definition zentraler Maßnahmen und Konzepte der
Bewegungsversorgungsforschung werden bestehende Forschungslücken und
Forschungsbedarfe herausgearbeitet und Methoden zur Weiterentwicklung des noch
recht jungen Forschungsgebiets beschrieben. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt hierbei
auf der Darstellung relevanter Zielparameter und deren standardisierte Erfassung
mittels etablierter und valider Messinstrumente. Ziel des Memorandums ist es,
ein einheitliches Verständnis für den komplexen Gegenstand der
Bewegungsförderung und Bewegungstherapie im Kontext der Gesundheitsversorgung zu
schaffen, neue Forschungsinitiativen anzustoßen und die bestehende gute Evidenz
zur Wirksamkeit von körperlicher Aktivität und körperlichem Training stärker in
die Gesundheitsversorgung zu integrieren.
Extracts of Prunella vulgaris Enhanced Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behavior in Mice Potentially via Adenosine A2A Receptor Activity
Authors: Sayson Leandro Val , Campomayor Nicole Bon , Ortiz Darlene Mae , Lee Hyun Jun , Balataria Sweetie , Park Sangsu , Lim Jeongin , Kang Heejin , Kim Hee Jin , Kim Mikyung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of sleep dysregulation cases has prompted the search for effective and safe sleep-enhancing agents. Numerous medications used in the treatment of sleep disorders function by enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter activity. Unfortunately, these substances may induce significant adverse effects in chronic users, such as dependence and motor behavior impairments. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring therapeutic sleep-enhancing agents derived from natural sources, with the anticipation of causing less severe side effects. Prunella vulgaris (PV), a perennial plant indigenous to South Korea, exhibits various pharmacological effects, likely attributed to its chemical composition. Rosmarinic acid, one of its components, has previously demonstrated sleep-potentiating properties, suggesting the potential for PV to exhibit similar pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of repeated
administration of PV extract on the sleep behavior, brainwave activity, sleep–wake cycle, and physiological behavior of mice. Findings indicate that PV extracts exhibit sleep-enhancing effects in mice, characterized by prolonged sleep duration and a reduced onset time of pentobarbital-induced sleep. However, PV extracts only reduced alpha wave powers, with minor alterations in wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement sleep duration. In contrast to diazepam, PV extracts lack adverse effects on locomotor activity, motor coordination, or anxiety in mice. Receptor-binding assay and caffeine treatment support the potential involvement of adenosine A2A receptors in the effects of PV, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action compared to diazepam, despite both exhibiting sleep-altering effects. Overall, our results suggest that PV holds promise as a potential source of sleep-aiding agents.
Effect of Saga Leaf Extract (Abrus precatorius Linn) in Inhibiting Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria Growth as an Alternative Root Canal Irrigation Material
Authors: Sari Pitri Ayu Puspita , Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati , Djuanda Rudy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine the antibacterial effect of saga leaf extract on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, which causes root canal treatment failure.
Materials and Methods This research was conducted using a laboratory experimental method with saga leaf extract at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% concentrations. Two percent chlorhexidine acts as the positive control, and 100% dimethyl sulfoxide as the negative control. The diameter of the inhibition zones was measured using the well diffusion test method.
Statistical Analysis Data from the measurement of inhibition zone diameter were obtained and tested statistically using the normality test (Shapiro–Wilk), homogeneity test (Levene), parametric test (one-way analysis of variance), and further test (post hoc test).
Results The largest inhibition zone diameter observed in this study was 9.46 mm at 100% concentration; however, it was not bigger than the positive control, which was measured at 16.55 mm. The research data were analyzed based on the classification of Davis and Stout inhibition zones.
Conclusion This study concludes that saga leaf extract has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E. faecalis bacteria.
Development of Trisyllabic Word Recognition in Noise Test for Marathi-Speaking Children
Authors: Pathak Ayushi , Nanavati Nikita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Language and culture-specific speech perception tests help in the assessment of children's linguistic proficiency and comprehension. Recognizing difficulties in speech perception and implementing interventions in challenging auditory conditions are pivotal for their holistic development.
Objective The aim of this study was to develop a speech perception in noise test in Marathi using trisyllabic words for children between the age ranges of 3 and 6 years.
Method The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase comprised the development of trisyllabic word recognition in noise test in Marathi and the second phase comprised administration of the test on 90 typically developing normal hearing children aged 3 to 6 years. These children were divided into three groups (group A: >3–4 years; group B: >4–5 years; and group C: >5–6 years), with 30 participants in each group.
Results As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases, children across different age range show an improvement in their speech perception scores. Also, young children require a more favorable SNR compared with older children to effectively comprehend speech in noisy conditions.
Conclusion The Trisyllabic word recognition in noise test will help in optimizing classroom acoustics for typical developing and hearing-impaired children. An SNR-based evaluation can provide guidance regarding interventions, amplification decisions, and auditory training, ensuring effective education and communication for children with hearing impairment.
Aggressive Metastatic Insulinoma in a Patient of Diabetes Mellitus with Documentation on Dual-Tracer PET-CT ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]FDG): Clinical Benefits with Combined Chemo-PRRT Approach
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsulinoma is a relatively uncommon pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, with approximately 10% of the cases being malignant. Diabetes mellitus (DM) with concurrent insulinoma is very rare and the diagnosis of such condition is easily missed as it can be misconstrued as improved glycemic control. Therefore, persistent hypoglycemic symptoms even after stopping antidiabetic medications may be considered for insulinoma. Herein, we present a patient with DM and pancreatic insulinoma with extensive hepatic and skeletal metastases on dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose). Given the extensive disease, the patient was treated with a combination of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and chemotherapy (capecitabine and temozolomide). During therapy, patient showed early clinical and imaging response for insulinoma leading to unmasking of poor glycemic control necessitating requirement of insulin administration for DM. The patient did not experience any life-threatening hypoglycemia during the chemo-PRRT treatment and showed an improvement in quality of life. Unfortunately, the disease progressed at the 4th cycle, 10 months after the initiation of PRRT. We conclude that combined chemo-PRRT may be considered an effective treatment option for patients with metastatic insulinoma and DM owing to its favorable imaging response and effective symptom control.
Doing physical activity or not: an ethnographic study of the reasoning of healthcare workers and people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Thomsen Simon , Sandbæk Annelli , Agergaard Sine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccording to biomedical notions, physical activity (PA) is an integral part of treatment for several non-communicable diseases, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) among them. Adapting one’s life in accordance with such notions, however, involves considerations that reach beyond what can be confined to treatment decisions. Thus, we aim to explore the various reasons for doing PA or not among healthcare workers and people with T2D taking part in programs that promote PA. We do so based on ethnographic fieldwork that includes observations and focus group interviews in two programs in a Danish municipality, and with inspiration drawn from Habermas’ theory of communicative action. Our results show that healthcare workers emphasize primarily health-related reasons for doing PA, including a moral imperative to be healthy, while people with T2D have a slew of other reasons for doing PA or not. These reasons together illustrate that for participants with T2D, long-term concerns for health and disease take a backseat to more immediate concerns for enjoyment, pain, and family, and that the participants generally reject the normative health imperative. We suggest that healthcare workers and participants with T2D engage in dialogue about their normative assumptions with the purpose of reaching a mutual understanding.
Assessing the effect of digital platforms on innovation quality: mechanism identification and threshold characteristics
Authors: Han Bing , Li Miaomiao , Diao Yanxia , Han Dongri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the digital era, digital platforms are gradually changing the ways of life and social production and are becoming the centre of digital services in various industries. Additionally, they break the established institutional framework of social recognition and promote technological change and innovation. Thus, examining the quality of innovation facilitated by digital platforms has become an important area of research. This paper utilises China’s 2011–2021 provincial panel data and examines digital platforms, resource mismatches and innovation quality within the same research framework. The direct, indirect and nonlinear effects of digital platforms on innovation quality are explored using the fixed effects model, intermediary effect model and dynamic threshold regression model. The findings indicate that digital platforms have a significant positive direct effect on innovative quality, and resource mismatches play intermediary and threshold roles in the process. These findings offer policy guidance for constructing robust digital platform ecosystems and enhancing innovation quality.
Self-breakdown statistics of a high-pressure spark gap with a microarray graphite cathode
Authors: Wang Gang , Su Jiancang , Liu Wenyuan , Liu Sheng , Huo Yankun , Pan Yafeng , Fan Hongyan , Liu Shifei 
Published: July 2024

Comparative measurements with high-pressure spark gaps (gas pressure: 0.2–0.9 MPa nitrogen, gap spacing 5 mm) are presented, one with a regular Bruce-profile polished graphite cathode (diameter 25 mm, thickness 8 mm) and the other with a microarray graphite cathode of equal dimensions. By microstructuring, a V-type graphite microarray is created by purpose-developed laser treatment of a plane graphite electrode. The microarray graphite cathode brings more initial plasma and then produces more initial electrons. It is beneficial for electron emission, which improves the stability of the switch breakdown. The experimental results are achieved at a gas pressure of 0.9 MPa and a 200-kV voltage pulse applied to the switch. With these parameters, the mean breakdown voltage is 91.7 kV, the minimum is 91.4 kV, and the mean relative standard deviation in breakdown voltage of the first 100 shots is 0.4%. Compared to a plane graphite cathode, the mean breakdown voltage is about 10% lower, and the mean relative standard deviation is reduced by more than 90%. The main result can be stated that microarray graphite cathodes are a suitable choice as electrodes for low-jitter high-pressure spark gaps.
Magnetoelastic resonators functionalized with metal–organic framework water harvesters as wireless humidity sensors
Authors: Sisniega Beatriz , Fernández de Luis Roberto , Gutiérrez Jon , García-Arribas Alfredo 
Published: July 2024

Relative humidity is a crucial parameter in several fields, such as air quality monitoring, food storage, or control of industrial processes. In this study, we propose a wireless humidity sensor based on magnetoelastic resonance sensors functionalized with Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Different MOF water harvesters were tested as sensor active coatings: MOF-801, MOF-808, UiO-66-NH2, Al-Fumarate, and CAU-23. Their water absorption capacity and overall performance, when integrated into the sensors, were evaluated. As expected, the selected MOFs showed promising water harvesting capacity, enabling a successful sensor response to humidity in a wide range of relative humidity: 3%–85%. These humidity sensors showed a great sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to water molecules. The response time of the devices was around 15 s, with stabilization and recovery times in adsorption and desorption processes of less than 1 min for certain ranges of operation. In addition to the satisfactory behavior as humidity sensors, magnetoelastic resonators have emerged as a promising tool for the characterization of the dynamic adsorption capacity of MOF materials, as they easily provide a quantitative measure of the water mass adsorbed by the material.
Polarizing beam splitter for vacuum ultraviolet to x-ray radiation
Authors: Caretta A. , Brondin C. A. 
Published: July 2024

We present a v-groove grating functioning as a polarizing beam splitter. The grating works in the off-plane or conical diffraction geometry. In order to guarantee polarization selectivity and efficiency, the v-groove is designed to split the incoming radiation with a single reflection at the Brewster angle of the grating coating. This geometry is conceptually the same as the one reported by Caretta et al. [Struct. Dyn. 8, 034304 (2021)], but it reduces the noise on the splitting ratio introduced by beam-shape variations or beam displacements. We calculate the groove size to simultaneously perform polarization and spectral analysis.
The impact of Chatbot-Assisted Self Assessment (CASA) on intentions for sexual health screening in people from minoritised ethnic groups at risk of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Nadarzynski Tom , Knights Nicky , Husbands Deborah , Graham Cynthia A. , Llewellyn Carrie D. , Buchanan Tom , Montgomery Ian , Khlafa Nuha , Tichackova Jana , Odeyemi Riliwan , Johnson Samantha , Jesuthas Neomi , Tahia Syeda , Ridge Damien 
Published: July 2024

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) present a significant global public health issue, with disparities in STI rates often observed across ethnic groups. The study investigates the impact of Chatbot-Assisted Self Assessment (CASA) on the intentions for sexual health screening within minoritised ethnic groups (MEGs) at risk of STIs as well as the subsequent use of a chatbot for booking STI screening. Methods A simulation within-subject design was utilised to evaluate the effect of CASA on intentions for STI/HIV screening, concern about STIs, and attitudes towards STI screening. Screening intentions served as the dependent variable, while demographic and behavioural factors related to STI/HIV risk were the independent variables. ANCOVA tests were conducted to measure the impact of CASA on these perceptions. Results Involving 548 participants (54% women, 66% black, average age = 30 years), the study found that CASA positively influenced screening intentions t(547) = −10.3, P < 0.001], concerns about STIs t(544) = −4.96, P < 0.001, and attitudes towards sexual health screening [t(543) = −4.36, P < 0.001. Positive attitudes towards CASA were observed (mean, 13.30; s.d., 6.73; range, −17 to 21). About 72% of users who booked STI screening appointments via chatbot were from MEGs. Conclusion CASA increased motivations for STI screening intentions among ethnically diverse communities. The intervention’s non-judgemental nature and the chatbot’s ability to emulate sexual history-taking were critical in fostering an environment conducive to behavioural intention change. The study’s high acceptability indicates the potential for broader application in digital health interventions. However, the limitation of not tracking actual post-intervention behaviour warrants further investigation into CASA’s real-world efficacy.
Appropriate Biological Standardisation to Bring Confidence to Omics Data: The Example of the Microbiome
Authors: Lamaudiere Matthew , Sergaki Chrysi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Research into the microbiome can provide invaluable information which is being increasingly used to improve knowledge on its fundamental influence over human health, and crucially, its potential to aid diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. However, the methods used to study this ecosystem are flawed and introduce bias at every stage of the process, from sample collection to DNA extraction and sequencing analysis. Groups across the world have rushed to conduct sophisticated omics studies of the microbiome with limited knowledge of these biases, as they are not yet fully understood. This has led to contradictory findings, a lack of comparability between seemingly similar studies, and a deterioration of overall trust in the field. Tackling this major issue requires biological standardisation; physical reference materials that provide a ground truth to which microbiome data can be compared. Through this comparison, we can identify the nature of biases and the stages at which they are introduced, and crucially, how the biases can be overcome by optimising and eventually improving the methods used. With the use of biological standards, the field can thus become harmonised, and the accuracy and reliability of the data produced can be improved. This would facilitate innovation across the different disciplines involved, through the development of novel approaches to overcome the current hurdles encountered when translating the vast promise of the microbiome to fulfil public health needs.

Information
© The Authors 2024
On the origin of magnetic anisotropy in 4f-free ferromagnets based on the CaCu5 structure*
Authors: Samolyuk German D , Belashchenko K D , Parker David S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a series of 4f-electron-free intermetallics with CaCu5-based structures: YCo5, YCo4B, and Y3Co13B2. The electronic structure of these compounds is characterized by a set of narrow 3d bands near the Fermi level. In YCo5 the easy-axis anisotropy originates primarily in the spin–orbit coupling-induced mixing of the electronic states with Co

d

x
2

−

y
2

and

d

x
y

character. The analysis of k-resolved anisotropy shows that positive contributions accumulate from the entire Brillouin zone but are particularly large near the

k
z

=
0

plane. The analysis of the single-site and two-site terms reveals a large positive single-site contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy from the Co atoms on the honeycomb sublattice, along with two-site contributions from both honeycomb and kagome sublattices.
The algorithm for denoising point clouds of annular forgings based on Grassmann manifold and density clustering
Authors: Zhang Yu-Cun , Wang An , Kong Tao , Fu Xian-Bin , Fang Dong-Qing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the industrial sector, annular forgings serve as critical load-bearing components in mechanical equipment. During the production process, the precise measurement of the dimensional parameters of annular forgings is of paramount importance to ensure their quality and safety. However, owing to the influence of the measurement environment, the manufacturing process of annular forgings can introduce varying degrees of noise, resulting in inaccurate dimensional measurements. Therefore, researching methods for three-dimensional point cloud data to eliminate noise in annular forging point clouds is of significant importance for improving the accuracy of forging measurements. This paper presents a denoising approach for three-dimensional point cloud data of annular forgings based on Grassmann manifold and density clustering (GDAD). First, within the Grassmann manifold, the core points for density clustering are determined using density parameters. Second, density clustering is performed within the Grassmann manifold, with the Cauchy distance replacing the Euclidean distance to reduce the impact of noise and outliers on the analysis results. Finally, a search tree model was constructed to filter out incorrect point cloud clusters. The fusion of clustering results and the search tree model achieved denoising of point cloud data. Simulation experiments on annular forgings demonstrate that GDAD effectively eliminates edge noise in annular forgings and performs well in denoising point-cloud models with varying levels of noise intensity.