bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Expression of Fas and Fas Ligand Is Upregulated by Bacterial Signaling through TLR4 and TLR5, with Activation of Fas Modulating Intestinal TLR-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Fernandes Philana , O’Donnell Charlotte , Lyons Caitriona , Keane Jonathan , Regan Tim , O’Brien Stephen , Fallon Padraic , Brint Elizabeth , Houston Aileen 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
TLRs play an important role in mediating intestinal inflammation and homeostasis. Fas is best studied in terms of its function in apoptosis, but recent studies demonstrate that Fas signaling may mediate additional functions such as inflammation. The role of Fas, and the Fas ligand (FasL), in the intestine is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential cross-talk between TLRs and Fas/FasL system in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs were stimulated with TLR ligands, and expression of Fas and FasL was investigated. Treatment with TLR4 and TLR5 ligands, but not TLR2 and 9 ligands, increased expression of Fas and FasL in IECs in vitro. Consistent with this finding, expression of intestinal Fas and FasL was reduced in vivo in the epithelium of TLR4 knockout (KO), 5KO, and germ-free mice, but not in TLR2KO mice. Modulating Fas signaling using agonistic anti-Fas augmented TLR4- and TLR5-mediated TNF-α and IL-8 production by IECs. In addition, suppression of Fas in IECs reduced the ability of TLR4 and TLR5 ligands and the intestinal pathogens Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes to induce the expression of IL-8. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that extensive cross-talk in IECs occurs between the Fas and TLR signaling pathways, with the FasL/Fas system playing a role in TLR-mediated inflammatory responses in the intestine.
General Parity between Trio and Pairwise Breeding of Laboratory Mice in Static Caging
Authors: Kedl Ross M. , Wysocki Lawrence J. , Janssen William J. , Born Willi K. , Rosenbaum Matthew D. , Granowski Julia , Kench Jennifer A. , Fong Derek L. , Switzer Lisa A. , Cruse Margaret , Huang Hua , Jakubzick Claudia V. , Kosmider Beata , Takeda Katsuyuki , Stranova Thomas J. , Klumm Randal C. , Delgado Christine , Tummala Saigiridhar , De Langhe Stijn , Cambier John , Haskins Katherine , Lenz Laurel L. , Curran-Everett Douglas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Changes made in the 8th edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals included new recommendations for the amount of space for breeding female mice. Adopting the new recommendations required, in essence, the elimination of trio breeding practices for all institutions. Both public opinion and published data did not readily support the new recommendations. In response, the National Jewish Health Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee established a program to directly compare the effects of breeding format on mouse pup survival and growth. Our study showed an overall parity between trio and pairwise breeding formats on the survival and growth of the litters, suggesting that the housing recommendations for breeding female mice as stated in the current Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals should be reconsidered.
The Wine Trade in Medieval Europe 1000–1500
Authors: Rose Susan 
Published: November 2014

Wine has held its place for centuries at the heart of social and cultural life in western Europe. This book explains how and why this came about, providing a thematic history of wine and the wine trade in Europe in the middle ages from c.1000 to c.1500.Wine was one of the earliest commodities to be traded across the whole of western Europe. Because of its commercial importance, more is probably known about the way viticulture was undertaken and wine itself was made, than the farming methods used with most other agricultural products at the time.
Susan Rose addresses questions such as:
Where were vines grown at this time?
How was wine made and stored?
Were there acknowledged distinctions in quality?
How did traders operate?
What were the social customs associated with wine drinking?
What view was taken by moralists?
How important was its association with Christian ritual?
Did Islamic prohibitions on alcohol affect the wine trade?
What other functions did wine have?
Optimized Cell Survival and Seeding Efficiency for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Using Clinical Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Rajan Archana , Eubanks Emily , Edwards Sean , Aronovich Sharon , Travan Suncica , Rudek Ivan , Wang Feng , Lanis Alejandro , Kaigler Darnell 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Traumatic injuries involving the face are very common, yet the clinical management of the resulting craniofacial deficiencies is challenging. These injuries are commonly associated with missing teeth, for which replacement is compromised due to inadequate jawbone support. Using cell therapy, we report the upper jaw reconstruction of a patient who lost teeth and 75% of the supporting jawbone following injury. A mixed population of bone marrow-derived autologous stem and progenitor cells was seeded onto β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which served as a scaffold to deliver cells directly to the defect. Conditions (temperature, incubation time) to achieve the highest cell survival and seeding efficiency were optimized. Four months after cell therapy, cone beam computed tomography and a bone biopsy were performed, and oral implants were placed to support an engineered dental prosthesis. Cell seeding efficiency (&gt;81%) of the β-TCP and survival during the seeding process (94%) were highest when cells were incubated with β-TCP for 30 minutes, regardless of incubation temperature; however, at 1 hour, cell survival was highest when incubated at 4°C. Clinical, radiographic, and histological analyses confirmed that by 4 months, the cell therapy regenerated 80% of the original jawbone deficiency with vascularized, mineralized bone sufficient to stably place oral implants. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the patient was successfully completed with installation of a dental prosthesis 6 months following implant placement. This proof-of-concept clinical report used an evidence-based approach for the cell transplantation protocol used and is the first to describe a cell therapy for craniofacial trauma reconstruction.
Effect of heat flux on Alfvén ballooning modes in isotropic Hall‐MHD plasmas
Authors: Ma John Z. G. , Hirose Akira , Liu William W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe magnetosphere undergoes a transition from a dipole‐like to taillike structure in the antisunward direction. In this region, Alfvén ballooning instability has been considered as a leading candidate to be responsible for the onset and expansion phase of observed impulsive substorms. We apply the generalized Ohm's law in isotropic Hall‐MHD equations and study the effect of heat flux on the ballooning modes under substorm circumstances. The set of partial differential equations is obtained for a general ballooning dispersion relation from which all classical Alfvén waves and fundamental ballooning modes are recovered, e.g., the decoupled shear Alfvén and magnetosonic modes, the classical ballooning instability in incompressible plasmas. In the absence of the heat flux, the ballooning mode is featured by the coupling of the two modes by the superposition of the independent Hall effect and the independent plasma inhomogeneity effect. By contrast, heat flux exerts its influence on the ballooning mode by updating the coefficients of the terms in the dispersion relation. The results expose that the growth rate (γBM) has two branches. If kp is β free, one branch shifts versus β, while the other branch is damped substantially by the heat flux, leading to a more stable ballooning mode; if kc is β free, one branch shifts little versus β, but the other one has higher γBM driven by the heat flux, leading to a more unstable ballooning mode.
Global coseismic deformations, GNSS time series analysis, and earthquake scaling laws
Authors: Métivier Laurent , Collilieux Xavier , Lercier Daphné , Altamimi Zuheir , Beauducel François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigate how two decades of coseismic deformations affect time series of GPS station coordinates (Global Navigation Satellite System) and what constraints geodetic observations give on earthquake scaling laws. We developed a simple but rapid model for coseismic deformations, assuming different earthquake scaling relations, that we systematically applied on earthquakes with magnitude larger than 4. We found that coseismic displacements accumulated during the last two decades can be larger than 10 m locally and that the cumulative displacement is not only due to large earthquakes but also to the accumulation of many small motions induced by smaller earthquakes. Then, investigating a global network of GPS stations, we demonstrate that a systematic global modeling of coseismic deformations helps greatly to detect discontinuities in GPS coordinate time series, which are still today one of the major sources of error in terrestrial reference frame construction (e.g., the International Terrestrial Reference Frame). We show that numerous discontinuities induced by earthquakes are too small to be visually detected because of seasonal variations and GPS noise that disturb their identification. However, not taking these discontinuities into account has a large impact on the station velocity estimation, considering today's precision requirements. Finally, six groups of earthquake scaling laws were tested. Comparisons with our GPS time series analysis on dedicated earthquakes give insights on the consistency of these scaling laws with geodetic observations and Okada coseismic approach.
Transition Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation of N‐Allylamides with Sodium Trifluoromethanesulfinate: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Oxazolines
Authors: Yu Jipan , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA transition metal‐free method for the trifluoromethylation of N‐allylamides has been developed, and the corresponding trifluoromethyl‐containing oxazolines were prepared in moderate to good yields. The protocol uses readily available substituted N‐allylamides as the starting materials, inexpensive and easily stored sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate as the trifluoromethyl source, iodobenzene diacetate as the oxidant, and the procedure involves sequential intermolecular trifluoromethylation of alkenes with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate and intramolecular cyclization. This is the first example to prepare CF3‐containing oxazolines. Therefore, the present method should afford an efficient and practical strategy for synthesis of other CF3‐containing cyclic compounds.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective ortho‐Acylation of Azoxybenzenes with Aldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Sun Meng , Hou Le‐Kai , Chen Xiang‐Xiang , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Sun Wei , Zang Yu‐Shi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn efficient strategy for the regioselective ortho‐acylation of azoxybenzenes with various aldehydes in the presence of palladium catalysts has been developed and furnishes good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly and can tolerate a variety of functional groups.magnified image
Convenient Synthesis of (E)‐5‐Aryl(halo)methylenebicyclo‐ [2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes and ‐[2.2.1]hept‐2‐enes via Lewis Acid‐ Promoted Carbohalogenation of Cyclic 2,6‐Enynols
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Lin Hsin‐Hui , Kuo Siou‐Fu , Chen Pei‐Jie , Hong Jyun‐Wei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of (E)‐5‐aryl(halo)methylenebicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐enes is reported. Lewis acid‐promoted carbohalogenation of 4‐(3‐arylprop‐2‐ynyl)‐cyclohex‐2‐enols in dichloromethane proceeds rapidly to afford the exo‐methylene‐bridged bicycles in good yields. This method also provides an easy access to (E)‐5‐aryl(halo)methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐enes from the five‐membered ring 2,6‐enynols. The reactions are procedurally simple and high yielding, producing the aryl(halo)methylene‐bridged bicycles in minutes under air and mild conditions.magnified image
Crystallographic Snapshot of an Arrested Intermediate in the Biomimetic Activation of CO2
Authors: Ackermann Sarah L. , Wolstenholme David J. , Frazee Chris , Deslongchamps Ghislain , Riley Sandra H. M. , Decken Andreas , McGrady G. Sean 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe design of molecular catalysts that mimic the behavior of enzymes is a topical field of activity in emerging technologies, and can lead to an improved understanding of biological systems. Herein, we report how the bulky arms of the cations in [(nC4H9)4N]+[HCO3]‐give rise to a host scaffold that emulates the substrate binding sites in carbonic anhydrase enzymes, affording a unique glimpse of an arrested intermediate in the base‐mediated binding and activation of CO2.
A Systems Approach towards an Intelligent and Self‐Controlling Platform for Integrated Continuous Reaction Sequences
Authors: Ingham Richard J. , Battilocchio Claudio , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Sliwinski Eric , Hawkins Joel M. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPerforming reactions in flow can offer major advantages over batch methods. However, laboratory flow chemistry processes are currently often limited to single steps or short sequences due to the complexity involved with operating a multi‐step process. Using new modular components for downstream processing, coupled with control technologies, more advanced multi‐step flow sequences can be realized. These tools are applied to the synthesis of 2‐aminoadamantane‐2‐carboxylic acid. A system comprising three chemistry steps and three workup steps was developed, having sufficient autonomy and self‐regulation to be managed by a single operator.
Ring Reconstruction on a Trichalcogenasumanene Buckybowl: A Facile Approach to Donor–Acceptor‐Type [5‐6‐7] Fused Planar Polyheterocycles
Authors: Li Xuexiang , Zhu Yongtao , Shao Jiafeng , Chen Lichuan , Zhao Sijie , Wang Baolin , Zhang Shangxi , Shao Yongliang , Zhang Hao‐Li , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe transformation of trichalcogenasumanene buckybowls into donor–acceptor‐type [5‐6‐7] fused polyheterocycles is disclosed. The strategy involves a highly efficient ring‐opening of the flanking benzene upon oxidation at room temperature, and facile ring closure by functional‐group transformation. Crystallographic studies indicate that the resulting [5‐6‐7] fused polyheterocycles possess a planar conformation owing to the release of ring strain by expansion of one of the six‐membered flanking rings to the seven‐membered one. Additionally, the [5‐6‐7] fused polyheterocycles bear electron‐withdrawing groups, which reduce the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, and display broad absorption bands extending to λ=590 nm. Consequently, these compounds show strong red emission with fluorescence quantum yields of up to 38 %.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Activation of an N‐Sulfinylamine: A Source of Sulfur Monoxide
Authors: Longobardi Lauren E. , Wolter Vanessa , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInter‐ and intramolecular P/B frustrated Lewis pairs are shown to react with an N‐sulfinylamine to form PNSOB linakages. These species can be regarded as phosphinimine–borane‐stabilized sulfur monoxide complexes, and indeed these species act as sources of SO, effecting the oxidation of PPh3 and delivering SO to [RhCl(PPh3)3] and an N‐heterocyclic carbene.
Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Structure, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Yu Yuan , Wu Liangzhuan , Zhi Jinfang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractC(sp3)C‐bonded diamond nanowires are wide band gap semiconductors that exhibit a combination of superior properties such as negative electron affinity, chemical inertness, high Young’s modulus, the highest hardness, and room‐temperature thermal conductivity. The creation of 1D diamond nanowires with their giant surface‐to‐volume ratio enhancements makes it possible to control and enhance the fundamental properties of diamond. Although theoretical comparisons with carbon nanotubes have shown that diamond nanowires are energetically and mechanically viable structures, reproducibly synthesizing the crystalline diamond nanowires has remained challenging. We present a comprehensive, up‐to‐date review of diamond nanowires, including a discussion of their synthesis along with their structures, properties, and applications.
Membranes with Fast and Selective Gas‐Transport Channels of Laminar Graphene Oxide for Efficient CO2 Capture
Authors: Shen Jie , Liu Gongping , Huang Kang , Jin Wanqin , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Xu Nanping 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were engineered to be assembled into laminar structures having fast and selective transport channels for gas separation. With molecular‐sieving interlayer spaces and straight diffusion pathways, the GO laminates endowed as‐prepared membranes with excellent preferential CO2 permeation performance (CO2 permeability: 100 Barrer, CO2/N2 selectivity: 91) and extraordinary operational stability (>6000 min), which are attractive for implementation of practical CO2 capture.
Effect of plasma treatment on the surface properties of polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Kaczorowski Witold , Szymanski Witold , Batory Damian , Niedzielski Piotr 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, the analysis of the plasma modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates was conducted. The influence of the modification onto the changes occurred within the geometrical structure and chemical composition of the surface was analyzed. Due to the study of the atomic force microscopy, it was possible to determine the relationships between the surface development and applied process parameters, defining the conditions facilitating to obtain isotropic or anisotropic orientations of wrinkles. A precise analysis of the chemical composition of the surface, executed before and after the modification processes, enabled to define the changes in their elementary composition. Moreover, the modification influence onto the changes of the contact angle and the surface free energy were also analyzed. So, based on the research it was stated that the increase of value of the surface free energy is proportional to the sp3 phase contents in the DLC coatings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41635.
Effects of hypertonic buffer composition on lymph node uptake and bioavailability of rituximab, after subcutaneous administration
Authors: Fathallah Anas M. , Turner Michael R. , Mager Donald E. , Balu‐Iyer Sathy V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe subcutaneous administration of biologics is highly desirable; however, incomplete bioavailability after s.c. administration remains a major challenge. In this work we investigated the effects of excipient dependent hyperosmolarity on lymphatic uptake and plasma exposure of rituximab as a model protein. Using Swiss Webster (SW) mice as the animal model, we compared the effects of NaCl, mannitol and O‐phospho‐L‐serine (OPLS) on the plasma concentration of rituximab over 5 days after s.c. administration. An increase was observed in plasma concentrations in animals administered rituximab in hypertonic buffer solutions, compared with isotonic buffer. Bioavailability, as estimated by our pharmacokinetic model, increased from 29% in isotonic buffer to 54% in hypertonic buffer containing NaCl, to almost complete bioavailability in hypertonic buffers containing high dose OPLS or mannitol. This improvement in plasma exposure is due to the improved lymphatic trafficking as evident from the increase in the fraction of dose trafficked through the lymph nodes in the presence of hypertonic buffers. The fraction of the dose trafficked through the lymphatics, as estimated by the model, increased from 0.05% in isotonic buffer to 13% in hypertonic buffer containing NaCl to about 30% for hypertonic buffers containing high dose OPLS and mannitol. The data suggest that hypertonic solutions may be a viable option for improving s.c. bioavailability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Room‐Temperature Aprotic and Protic Ionic Liquids for Oxidative Folding of Cysteine‐Rich Peptides
Authors: Heimer Pascal , Tietze Alesia A. , Böhm Miriam , Giernoth Ralf , Kuchenbuch Andrea , Stark Annegret , Leipold Enrico , Heinemann Stefan H. , Kandt Christian , Imhof Diana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe oxidation of the conotoxin μ‐SIIIA in different ionic liquids was investigated, and the results were compared with those obtained in [C2mim][OAc]. Conversion of the reduced precursor into the oxidized product was observed in the protic ILs methyl‐ and ethylammonium formate (MAF and EAf, respectively), whereas choline dihydrogenphosphate and Ammoeng 110 failed to yield folded peptide. However, the quality and yield of the peptide obtained in MAF and EAF were lower than in the case of the product from [C2mim][OAc]. Reaction conditions (temperature, water content) also had an impact on peptide conversion. A closer look at the activities of μ‐SIIIA versions derived from an up‐scaled synthesis in [C2mim][OAc] revealed a significant loss of the effect on ion channel NaV1.4 relative to the buffer‐oxidized peptide, whereas digestion of either μ‐SIIIA product by trypsin was unaffected. This was attributed to adherence of ions from the IL to the peptide, because the disulfide connectivity is basically the same for the differentially oxidized μ‐SIIIA versions.
Mathematical Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Reactive Absorption of H2S
Authors: Bashipour Fatemeh , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Rahimi Amir 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA rate‐based mathematical model was developed for the reactive absorption of H2S in NaOH, with NaOCl or H2O2 as the chemical oxidant solutions in a packed column. A modified mass transfer coefficient in the gas phase was obtained by genetic algorithm and implemented in the model to correct the assumption of instantaneous reactions. The effects of different operating variables including the inlet H2S concentration, inlet gas mass flux, initial NaOH, concentrations of the chemical oxidants in the scrubbing solutions, and liquid‐to‐gas ratio on the H2S removal efficiency were studied. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the operating variables in order to obtain maximum removal efficiency of H2S. The model results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Multiple Analysis in a Reactive Distillation Column for the Synthesis of tert‐Amyl Methyl Ether
Authors: Ramkissoon Ashley , Moonisar Roshan , Maraj Divya , Riverol Carmen 
Published: November 2014

Abstracttert‐Amyl methyl ether (TAME) is produced via reactive distillation. A simulation is set up and controlled on Aspen HYSYS v 8.0 for generating the highest purity of TAME. This simulation includes a plug‐flow reactor and a reactive distillation column. Emphasis was put on finding the optimal operating conditions of the reactive distillation column in order to get the maximum purity of TAME. The operational parameters were reflux ratio, number of reactive stages in the distillation column, and condenser pressure. The results indicated the optimal reflux ratio and condenser pressure which could be adapted to industrial scale.