bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of multiple joint impairments on the energetics and mechanics of walking in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Lobet S. , Detrembleur C. , Hermans C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryFew studies have assessed the changes produced by multiple joint impairments (MJI) of the lower limbs on gait in patients with haemophilia (PWH). In patients withMJI, quantifiable outcome measures are necessary if treatment benefits are to be compared. This study was aimed at observing the metabolic cost, mechanical work and efficiency of walking amongPWHwithMJIand to investigate the relationship between joint damage and any changes in mechanical and energetic variables. This study used three‐dimensional gait analysis to investigate the kinematics, cost, mechanical work and efficiency of walking in 31PWHwithMJI, with the results being compared with speed‐matched values from a database of healthy subjects. Regarding energetics, the mass‐specific net cost of transport (Cnet) was significantly higher forPWHwithMJIcompared with control and directly related to a loss in dynamic joint range of motion. Surprisingly, however, there was no substantial increase in mechanical work, withPWHbeing able to adopt a walking strategy to improve energy recovery via the pendulum mechanism. This probable compensatory mechanism to economize energy likely counterbalances the supplementary work associated with an increased vertical excursion of centre of mass (CoM) and lower muscle efficiency of locomotion. Metabolic variables were probably the most representative variables of gait disability for these subjects with complex orthopaedic degenerative disorders.
Factor VIIa‐antithrombin complexes in patients with non‐neoplastic portal vein thrombosis with and without cirrhosis
Authors: Rossetto V. , Spiezia L. , Senzolo M. , Rodriguez K. , Gavasso S. , Woodhams B. , Simioni P. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryIntroductionPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is caused by local and systemic prothrombotic risk factors. In this case‐control study, we evaluated the use of the Factor VIIa‐antithrombin complex (FVIIa‐AT) complex assay as a hypercoagulability marker in patients with PVT.MethodsTwo different groups of cases were considered: (i) n = 12 noncirrhotic PVT patients, (ii) n = 33 cirrhotic patients with PVT. Controls were sex and age‐matched healthy volunteers and cirrhotic subjects without PVT, respectively.ResultsLevels of the FVIIa‐AT complex were significantly higher in noncirrhotic PVT subjects (132 ± 32 pm) than in healthy volunteers (108 ± 18 pm, P = 0.04). No significant difference in FVIIa‐AT complexes was seen between cirrhotic patients with (64 ± 20 pm) or without (61 ± 24 pm) PVT. A linear correlation was seen between FVIIa‐AT and FVIIa in noncirrhotic PVT subjects. In cirrhotic patients, FVIIa‐AT complexes depended on both FVIIa and AT.ConclusionThese results confirm the utility of the FVIIa‐AT assay in identifying the hypercoagulable state of noncirrhotic patients because of a previous thrombotic event.
The effects of invasion on parasite dynamics and communities
Authors: Telfer Sandra , Bown Kevin 
Published: September 2012

SummaryInvasions can impact on parasite communities through both the introduction of exotic parasite species and effects of invading hosts on native parasite dynamics. However, our understanding of the factors that influence the invasive process and mediate impacts on native hosts and parasites is limited.Using models of host–parasite dynamics as a framework, we explore how both the probability of spread for an exotic parasite and impacts of introduced species on native parasite dynamics depend on key parameters related to rates of encounter, transmission, mortality and recovery. We examine how invasions may interact with the diverse range of underlying biological mechanisms that can affect these rates. We specifically highlight the potential role of interactions between parasites, which has largely been ignored.For introduced parasites, high abundance of competent hosts and vectors within native communities can greatly facilitate spread. Introduced host species can cause amplification or dilution effects for native parasite dynamics, with the direction and magnitude of the effect determined by how the invasion influences the competency and abundance or relative abundance of the host community (community capacity).Invasions by exotic parasites and changes to endemic parasite dynamics following invasions may reflect numerical and functional processes in multihost single‐parasite systems (e.g. influence of host and vector community structure on encounter rates). However, as co‐infection can influence factors such as susceptibility and infection length, effects may also be mediated by within‐host interactions between parasites. The ultimate effect of an invasion will depend on the community‐wide summed direct and indirect impacts.Future studies should aim to further elucidate the key processes influencing disease dynamics in multihost (and multivector) communities, thereby informing predictions of how invasive host and parasite species and changes in biodiversity will influence disease risk. Theoretical studies should incorporate host interspecific competition and relax assumptions regarding the relationship between intra‐ and interspecific contact rates and density. Empirical and experimental studies should not only quantify the relative importance of host (and vector) density and diversity, but also consider other community interactions such as those between parasites.
Fruit and vegetable intake of primary school children: a study of school meals
Authors: Upton D. , Upton P. , Taylor C. 
Published: September 2012

How to cite this article
Upton D. Upton P. & Taylor C. (2012) Fruit and vegetable intake of primary school children: a study of school meals. J Hum Nutr Diet.AbstractBackground:  Despite an increasing focus on the nutritional content of school meals and initiatives such as the School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme, children are not meeting the recommended levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. The present study aimed to examine children’s fruit and vegetable consumption in 15 primary schools across the West Midlands region.Methods:  A total of 1296 children, aged 4–11 years, were observed for five consecutive days and the consumption of all food items was measured using the weighed intake method. Differences in the mean intake of fruit, vegetables and foods high in fat and sugar between Key Stages 1 and 2 were determined.Results:  Two‐thirds of the children in the present study did not consume any fruit at lunchtime and only 3% of children consumed at least one portion as part of their school meal. The proportion of children consuming some quantity of vegetable at lunchtime was more than double that consuming fruit. Children in Key Stage 1 consumed significantly more vegetables on average than children in Key Stage 2 (P ≤ 0.05); however, no significant differences were found for the consumption of fruit.Conclusions:  Despite the introduction of food‐based standards for school meal provision; children are not consuming adequate portions of fruit and vegetables at lunchtime. The importance of strategies used by catering staff to promote the consumption of fruit and vegetables should be harnessed to encourage children to taste fruit and vegetables provided. Further research is recommended to increase the evidence base on strategies aiming to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in children.
Unstable sleep and higher sympathetic activity during late‐sleep periods of rats: implication for late‐sleep‐related higher cardiovascular events
Authors: KUO TERRY B. J. , LAI CHUN‐TING , CHEN CHUN‐YU , LEE GUO‐SHE , YANG CHERYL C. H. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryWe proposed that the higher incidence of sleep fragmentation, sympathovagal imbalance and baroreceptor reflex impairment during quiet sleep may play a critical role in late‐sleep‐related cardiovascular events. Polysomnographic recording was performed through wireless transmission using freely moving Wistar–Kyoto rats over 24 h. The low‐frequency power of arterial pressure variability was quantified to provide an index of vascular sympathetic activity. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by slope of arterial pressure–RR linear regression. As compared with early‐light period (Zeitgeber time 0–6 h), rats during the late‐light period (Zeitgeber time 6–12 h) showed lower accumulated quiet sleep time and higher paradoxical sleep time; furthermore, during quiet sleep, the rats showed a lower δ% of electroencephalogram, more incidents of interruptions, higher σ% and higher β% of electroencephalogram, raised low‐frequency power of arterial pressure variability value and lower baroreflex sensitivity parameters. During the light period, low‐frequency power of arterial pressure variability during quiet sleep had a negative correlation with accumulated quiet sleep time and δ% of electroencephalogram, while it also had a positive correlation with σ% and β% of electroencephalogram and interruption events. However, late‐sleep‐related raised sympathetic activity and sleep fragmentation diminished when an α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist was given to the rats. Our results suggest that the higher incidence of sleep fragmentation and sympathovagal imbalance during quiet sleep may play a critical role in late‐sleep‐related cardiovascular events. Such sleep fragmentation is coincident with an impairment of baroreflex sensitivity, and is mediated via α1‐adernoceptors.
Neonatal jaundice is a risk factor for childhood asthma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ku Min‐Sho , Sun Hai‐Lun , Sheu Ji‐Nan , Lee Hong‐Shen , Yang Shun‐Fa , Lue Ko‐Huang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  The association between neonatal jaundice and childhood asthma is a new finding of two reports. The purpose of the study was to verify their results.Methods:  Data from 11,321 children were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Their claims data were evaluated from birth to 10 yr old. Children were analyzed as case (those with neonatal jaundice) and controls (those without neonatal jaundice). The diagnostic criteria for asthma were as follows: at least four asthma diagnoses at outpatient services and emergency department (ED), or one asthma diagnosis during an admission. In children fitting the asthma criteria, those with no asthma diagnosis after 1 yr of age were excluded. Mantel–Haenszel’s odds ratios were calculated after adjustment for the following confounders: preterm/low birth weight, neonatal infection, other respiratory conditions, other birth conditions, and gender. Asthma rate, onset time, the use of drugs, upper respiratory infection and lower respiratory infection (LRI) rates, hospital admission/ED visit rates, and the effect of phototherapy were evaluated.Results:  After adjustment for the confounding factors, the rate of asthma was higher in icteric children (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.36–1.98, p < 0.001), and the influence in females was stronger. There still was an association between neonatal jaundice and late onset asthma (asthma onset after 3 yr of age). In asthmatic children, those with neonatal jaundice have increased asthma onset rate before age 6, increased use of inhalant steroids, LRI rates, and ED visits for respiratory disease.Conclusions:  Neonatal jaundice increased the rate and severity of childhood asthma in subjects aged up to 10 yr and may be a risk factor for childhood asthma.
Cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil in inoperable, stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the penis
Authors: Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Buonerba Carlo , Federico Piera , Perdonà Sisto , Aieta Michele , Rescigno Pasquale , D'Aniello Carmine , Puglia Livio , Petremolo Antonella , Ferro Matteo , Marinelli Alfredo , Palmieri Giovannella , Sonpavde Guru , Mirone Vincenzo , De Placido Sabino 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Metastatic or locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) is generally incurable, but it can be palliated with systemic chemotherapy. Two retrospective studies, involving <10 patients each, showed that cisplatin plus continuous infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) may be effective and well tolerated. Cisplatin, methotrexate and bleomycin, cisplatin and irinotecan and taxanes can also play an important role for patients with locally advanced/metastatic SCCP. Finally, anti‐EGFR therapy may also be effective in advanced SCCP.Although cisplatin plus continuous infusion of 5‐FU is widely used in clinical practice for palliation of SCCP, toxicity and efficacy data regarding this schedule include a total of 14 patients with SCCP, treated more than two decades ago. In our retrospective study, cisplatin plus continuous infusion of 5‐FU was used for palliative purposes in a homogenous sample of 25 patients with SCCP. Partial responses and stable disease were observed in 8 (32%) and 10 (40%) patients, respectively, with a median progression‐free survival of 20 weeks. Neutropenia was the most important grade 3–4 side effect observed, occurring in 20% of patients. These data provide confirmation that such a combination regimen is moderately effective and well tolerated in patients with SCCP.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the activity and toxicity of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) as a first‐line treatment in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).
METHODS
The medical records of 78 patients with SCCP treated between January 2000 and June 2011 at the four participating centres were reviewed.
Data regarding patients treated with first‐line 5‐FU were extracted.
Patients were included in the study if radiological reports were available for determination of response and progression‐free survival (PFS) according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) 1.1.
RESULTS
Between January 2000 and June 2011, 25 patients were treated with i.v. cisplatin on day 1 followed by 5‐FU as a continuous 24‐h infusion for 4 days every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Partial responses and stable disease were observed in eight (32%) and 10 (40%) patients, respectively, with a disease control rate of 72%.
Severe neutropenia was the most important grade 3–4 side effect observed, occurring in 20% of patients.
The median (interquartile range [IQR]) PFS was 20 (11–20) weeks and the median (IQR) overall survival (OS) was 8 (7–12) months.
CONCLUSION
5‐FU is associated with a moderate response rate and is well tolerated in patients with metastatic SCCP.
Television viewing associated with adverse dietary outcomes in children ages 2–6
Authors: Ford C. , Ward D. , White M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence for the association between television viewing and diet in children ages 2–6. Data sources included PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ERIC, SportDISCUS, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science and hand searches of reference lists of relevant articles. Twelve studies were reviewed in which the relationship between television viewing and diet was assessed in children between the ages of 2 and 6. All but one study reported significant relationship between television viewing time and adverse dietary outcomes. Parent‐reported television viewing time was used to assay child television viewing in all included studies. Food frequency survey was the most frequent method of dietary assessment, and parent served as proxies for children in all studies. Lower fruit and/or vegetable intake was the most frequently reported dietary outcome, followed by increased energy intake with increased television viewing. The majority of studies reported adverse dietary outcomes with as little as 1 h of daily television exposure. While these results are consistent with recommendations from child health advocates to limit television viewing in young children, they also suggest that further efforts to limit television viewing in young children may be needed to aid in obesity prevention.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2012
Authors: Tepes Bojan , O'Connor Anthony , Gisbert Javier P. , O'Morain Colm 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHelicobacter pylori resistance rates to antibiotics vary in different countries and even in different regions of the same country. Choice of treatment is strongly dependent on antibiotic resistance rates. In some countries, triple therapy with a proton‐pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin is still the best option, but eradication results fall short of what would be desired (90–95%) in countries with clarithromycin resistance >20%, bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy, or nonbismuth sequential or concomitant therapies may then be the preferred option. Newer antibiotic regimens are awaited. Vaccination would be the best option, especially for developing countries, but little progress has been made in designing a vaccine.
Exhumation mechanisms of melt‐bearing ultrahigh pressure crustal rocks during collision of spontaneously moving plates
Authors: SIZOVA E. , GERYA T. , BROWN M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of 2D petrological–thermomechanical numerical experiments was conducted to: (i) characterize the variability of exhumation mechanisms of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks during collision of spontaneously moving plates and (ii) study the possible geodynamic effects of melting at ultrahigh pressure conditions for the exhumation of high‐temperature–ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (HT–UHPM) rocks. To this end, the models include fluid‐ and melt‐induced weakening of rocks. Five distinct modes of exhumation of (U)HPM rocks associated with changes in several parameters in the models of plate collision and continent subduction are identified as follows: vertical crustal extrusion, large‐scale crustal stacking, shallow crustal delamination, trans‐lithospheric diapirism, and channel flow. The variation in exhumation mechanisms for (U)HPM rocks in numerical models of collision driven by spontaneously moving plates contrasts with the domination of the channel flow mode of exhumation in a majority of the published results from numerical models of collision that used a prescribed plate convergence velocity and/or did not include fluid‐ and melt‐induced weakening of rocks. This difference in the range of exhumation mechanisms suggests that the prescribed convergence velocity condition and the neglect of fluid‐ and melt‐related weakening effects in the earlier models may inhibit development of several important collisional processes found in our experiments, such as slab breakoff, vertical crustal extrusion, large‐scale stacking, shallow crustal delamination and relamination, and eduction of the continental plate. Consequently, the significance of channel flow for the exhumation of UHPM rocks may have been overstated based on the results of the earlier numerical experiments. In addition, the results from this study extend over a larger proportion of the high‐temperature range of P–T conditions documented from UHPM rocks, including those retrieved from HT–UHPM rocks, than the results of experiments from previous numerical models. In particular, the highest peak metamorphic temperatures (up to 1000 °C) are recorded in the case of the vertical crustal extrusion model in which subducted continental crust is subjected to a period of prolonged heating by asthenospheric mantle abutting the continental side of the vertically hanging slab. Nonetheless, some extreme temperature conditions which have been suggested for the Kokchetav and Bohemian massifs, perhaps up to 1100–1200 °C, are still to be achieved in experiments using numerical models.
Improvement in Headaches With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Johnson Karin G. , Ziemba Alexis M. , Garb Jane L. 
Published: September 2012

Objective.— We aimed to identify clinical features in patients with severe headaches that predicted obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine clinical and sleep study characteristics that predicted headache improvement with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).Background.— Many patients with headaches complain of sleep symptoms and have OSA. There is often improvement of headaches with CPAP treatment.Methods.— We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients referred to adult neurology clinic for headaches and sent for polysomnography between January 2008 and December 2009. Follow‐up ranged from 18 to 42 months.Results.— Eighty‐two headache patients (70 females, 12 males) were studied. Mean age was 45 ± 13 years (females 45 ± 13, males 43 ± 11) and mean body mass index was 32 ± 9. Headache types included 17% chronic migraine without aura, 22% episodic migraine without aura, 32% migraine with aura, 21% tension‐type headache, 6% chronic post‐traumatic headache, 11% medication overuse headache, and 7% other types. All patients were receiving standard treatment for their headaches by their neurologist. Fifty‐two patients (63%) had OSA. Increasing age, female gender, and chronic migraine without aura were predictive of OSA. Of the patients with OSA, 33 (63%) used CPAP and 27 (82%) were adherent to CPAP. Headache improvement was reported by 40 patients (49%) due to either standard medical therapy or CPAP. Patients with OSA who were CPAP adherent (21/27) were more likely to have improvement in headaches than patients intolerant of CPAP (2/6), those that did not try CPAP (8/19), and those who did not have OSA (16/30) (P = .045). Of the 33 patients who used CPAP, 13 reported improvement in headaches specifically due to CPAP therapy and 10 additional patients noted benefit in sleep symptoms. The presence of witnessed apneas (P = .045) and male gender (P = .021) predicted improvement in headaches due to CPAP.Conclusions.— Headache patients should be evaluated for the presence of OSA. Treating OSA improves headaches in some patients.
Endovascular Repair of Traumatic Aortic Injury: A Novel Arena in Interventional Cardiology
Authors: PATEL JIGAR H. , WAYANGANKAR SIDDHARTH A. , ZACHARIAS SONI , STOWELL DONALD , SAUCEDO JORGE F. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of endovascular repair of traumatic aortic injuries performed by interventional cardiologists in collaboration with cardiothoracic surgeons.BackgroundTraumatic aortic injury (TAI) represents a significant cause of mortality in trauma patients. Endovascular techniques have recently come into play for the management of TAI and are usually performed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a thoracic or vascular surgeon and/or interventional radiology. With extensive expertise in catheter‐based interventions, interventional cardiologists may have a pivotal role in this important procedure.MethodsFrom January 2009 to July 2011, we reviewed the TAI endovascular repair outcomes performed by a team of interventional cardiologists in collaboration with cardiothoracic surgery at our institution. The charts of these patients were reviewed to collect desired data, which included preoperative, procedural, and follow‐up details.ResultsTwenty patients were identified in our series. Most of these patients developed TAI from motor vehicle accidents. Technical success for endovascular repair of TAI was achieved in all patients. Two patients developed endoleak, of which one patient required subsequent open repair. Two patients expired in the hospital from coexistent injuries.ConclusionsOur series of endovascular repair for TAI performed by interventional cardiologists with the collaboration of cardiothoracic surgeons showed excellent outcomes. Our experience may give further insight in the collaborative role of interventional cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery for endovascular repair of TAI. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:77–83)