bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iro Iro – should the brand go circular B2B or B2C way
Authors: Mohapatra Subhalaxmi , Roy Risha 
Published: June 2024

Learning outcomes
After completion of the case study, students will be able to understand how a business model could use sustainability to develop a brand, assess the marketing logic of a new startup and how that links to marketing plan, identify the relevance and need of a marketing plan in a startup and its growth, understand the differences between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumers (B2C) business strategy for a new startup and enable the construction of a communication strategy for promoting a brand.

Case overview/synopsis
Iro Iro is a circular fashion business founded by Bhaavya Goenka in the year 2018 in Jaipur, India. By early 2023, Goenka had decided to scale her business. But scaling would indicate several decisions she has to make. Firstly, she needed to identify what scaling means in a circular business model (CBM) like Iro Iro. Secondly, she primarily operated in B2C markets; however, she also had a (B2B market through collaboration. This would indicate creating a competition for her own self. How could she still grow while not compromising on her competitive advantage? Should she continue with both B2B and B2C/only B2B/only B2C? Thirdly, she primarily catered to customers who were already sensitive towards conscious or sustainable clothing, but scaling would indicate gearing up marketing and communication skills to reach out to larger customer base. Would the marketing and communication strategies be the same if she continued in the current model/B2B/B2C? This case study thus involves various issues that arise in entrepreneurship management for a small business, such as decisions related to scaling (traditional businesses or adopt different strategy relevant for CBM); business model (B2C vs B2B or both) and how the communication is different in each of the business models.

Complexity academic level
This case involves various issues that arise in entrepreneurship management for a small circular business, such as decisions related to growth strategy and choice of market between B2B and B2C. The case study is aimed at graduate students in an entrepreneurship progamme. It can also be used as a case study in a sustainable fashion and design course. It could also be taught in a marketing management course as well as may be for new startups.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Ethical leadership and organizational silence: a systematic review
Authors: Rai Savita S. , Koodamara Navin Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively analyse and synthesize existing studies that investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence. This review also aims to provide a detailed understanding of the impact of ethical leadership on various dimensions of organizational silence.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a systematic review methodology, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, to explore the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence. Using the SCOPUS database, the search involved Boolean operators to narrow down relevant papers published in English between 2000 and 2023. Following a meticulous screening process, 10 papers were selected for review after removing duplicates and excluding non-English or irrelevant studies. The selected papers underwent a methodological quality assessment, ensuring focused research questions, precise subject selection methods, representative samples and reliable measurement instruments.

Findings
This study has led to two crucial findings. Firstly, the review has revealed that employees feel secure and motivated to share their opinions when leaders are ethical, which is essential from the perspective of organizational performance. Secondly, in a collectivist culture, employees generally do not express their views (prosocial silence) even though the leaders are ethical. However, in an individualistic culture, employees express their views and opinions on organizational matters even though leaders are ethical.

Research limitations/implications
This research has three research implications. Firstly, the papers on the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence followed quantitative approach. Besides, there is a dearth of qualitative studies. Therefore, qualitative studies are urgently needed to understand the true nature of this relationship. Secondly, the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence in existing literature is inconsistent. Several studies have reported a non-significant relationship between these two constructs, which requires further investigation. Thirdly, most existing literature on the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence is concentrated in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to test this model, even in the services or other sectors.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to have reviewed the impact of ethical leadership on organizational silence. This review provides insights into how ethical leadership can mitigate silent behaviour. In addition, this review suggests future research directions pertaining to the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational silence.
READINESS as a new framework for crisis management: academic-industry integrated expert insights from practitioners and scholars
Authors: Jin Yan , Shivers Brittany N. , Wang Yijing , Coombs W. Timothy , van der Meer Toni G.L.A. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe study provides an initial empirical examination of Jin et al.’s (2024) new READINESS model through the expert opinions of crisis communication academics and practitioners. Through this examination, the goal is to understand crisis READINESS and how it relates to other key concepts in the crisis literature, such as preparedness and resilience.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory quantitative online survey of 30 experts in crisis communication was conducted. Our participant pool consisted of members from the Crisis Communication Think Tank, which is an established crisis thought leadership network (Jin, 2023). Data collection took place in November and December 2023.FindingsKey findings include the dual nature of crisis READINESS as both a process and an outcome, resilience as both a process and an outcome, and preparedness as an antecedent to READINESS. A key distinction between READINESS and preparedness emerged with the former conceived of as a mindset and the latter conceived of as physical tools, training and planning.Originality/valuePreparedness and resilience alone are not enough to effectively manage crises and risks, and given this, it is important to study READINESS as a concept beyond (yet connected to) preparedness and resilience. It is our hope that the findings can lead to understanding indicators of crisis READINESS and developing crisis READINESS measurement tools which can equip organizations to more effectively manage crises.
The role of agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries sectors, biodiversity expenditures, and renewable energy on environmental quality for The Netherlands: Evidence from novel Fourier ARDL
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Aydin Mucahit , Degirmenci Tunahan , Bozatli Oguzhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between biodiversity expenditures, agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries sectors, renewable energy, economic growth, ecological footprint, and load capacity factor for The Netherlands from 1995 to 2019 in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and load capacity curve (LCC) hypotheses. The relationship between the variables is investigated using a novel Fourier‐based Augmented ARDL approach. Our results indicate a long‐term relationship between biodiversity expenditures, agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries sectors, green energy, economic growth, and load capacity factor. In the long run, Fourier‐based Augmented ARDL results reveal that biodiversity expenditures, agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries sectors, and renewable energy do not contribute to environmental sustainability. In other words, biodiversity, renewable energy, and agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries policies implemented in The Netherlands do not improve environmental sustainability. Again, the findings confirm that the EKC hypothesis is not valid for The Netherlands, whereas the LCC hypothesis is valid. In line with the study's findings, biodiversity, renewable energy, and agriculture‐forestry‐fisheries policies in The Netherlands need to be reviewed.
Vaccine response was higher in formula‐fed infants compared to breastfed but not affected by lactoferrin or iron in a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Björmsjö Maria , Ekström Nina , Silfverdal Sven Arne , Hernell Olle , Lönnerdal Bo , Berglund Staffan K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo examine how reduced iron content and added bovine lactoferrin in infant formula affect the antibody response following routine immunisation.MethodsIn this randomised controlled trial, 180 Swedish formula‐fed infants received, from 6 weeks to 6 months of age, a 2 mg/L iron formula with (n = 72) or without (n = 72) bovine lactoferrin, or a control formula with 8 mg/L iron and no lactoferrin (n = 36). Another 72 infants were recruited as a breastfed reference. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), diphtheria and tetanus were assessed at four, six and 12 months of age.ResultsWith an equal gender distribution, 180 + 72 term infants were included with a mean age of 7.0 ± 0.7 weeks. At 12 months, infants fed low iron formula showed a significantly higher geometric mean Hib IgG (1.40 μg/mL [1.07–1.83]) compared to the control formula infants (0.67 μg/mL [0.42–1.07]). For all three vaccines, breastfed infants had significantly lower IgG levels at six and 12 months of age.ConclusionExcept for higher Hib IgG levels at 12 months in infants fed low iron formula, the interventions did not affect vaccine IgG response. Unexpectedly, breastfed infants had significantly lower vaccine IgG levels compared to formula‐fed infants.
The economics of China's Holistic View of National Security: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrom December 2020, China made a significant shift towards prioritising security over development. This study delves into the economic repercussions of China's security policy, specifically the Holistic View of National Security. The evolution of this security policy is analysed utilising Baidu Index data. The components of the policy, encompassing political, economic, financial and technology security, are scrutinised, with the economic burdens it imposes being highlighted. China's recent legislative measures concerning national security are assessed, with their potential to hamper economic growth. The adverse effects of the security policy on the economy are uncovered by examining foreign direct investment data, industry sector trends, and the responses of the largest listed firms.
The scholastic perspective on the time value of money and the contribution of Martín de Azpilcueta (1491–1586)
Authors: Bahmanpour‐Khalesi Mohammadhosein , Sharifzadeh Mohammadjavad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the historical background of the time value of money theory developed within the Austrian School, focusing on the contributions of its Scholastic antecedents. Although the Scholastics had a different starting point from the Austrians in analysing the nature of the time value of money, they ultimately reached a similar understanding. We present a new interpretation of Martín de Azpilcueta's theory, demonstrating that while he cannot be considered the sole originator of the time value of money theory, the role of Scholastic thinkers in its development should not be ignored.
The anthropocene biogeography of alien birds on islands: Drivers of their functional and phylogenetic diversities
Authors: Marino Clara , Journiac Lysandre , Liu Chunlong , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Bellard Céline 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA branch of island biogeography has emerged to explain alien species diversity in the light of the biogeographic and anthropogenic context, yet overlooking the functional and phylogenetic facets. Evaluating alien and native birds of 407 oceanic islands worldwide, we built structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect influence of biotic, geographic, and anthropogenic contexts on alien functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We found that alien taxonomic richness was the main predictor of both diversities. Anthropogenic factors, including colonization pressure, associated with classic biogeographical variables also strongly influenced alien FD and PD. Specifically, habitat modification and human connectivity markedly drove alien FD, especially when controlled by taxonomic richness, whereas the human population size, gross domestic product, and native PD were crucial at explaining alien PD. Our findings suggest that humans not only shape taxonomic richness but also other facets of alien diversity in a complex way.
Multidimensional associations of physical performance, balance, wellness and daily activities with frailty in older adults with coexisting frailty and diabetes
Authors: Corral‐Pérez Juan , Mier Alba , Vázquez‐Sánchez María Ángeles , Naranjo‐Márquez María , Ponce‐Gonzalez Jesus Gustavo , Casals Cristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe coexistence of frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population heightens the risk of adverse events. However, research on functional and wellness factors associated with frailty in this population is limited.PurposeTo investigate the associations of physical performance, functional dependency, physical activity, nutritional status, sleep, self‐perceived health and depression with frailty in community‐dwelling older adults with coexisting frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThe study included 123 community‐dwelling older adults (73.7 ± 6.0 years) with pre‐frailty/frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery), functional dependency (Barthel Index and Lawton & Brody), physical activity and inactivity (GeneActiv wrist‐worn accelerometer), malnutrition risk (Mini Nutritional Assessment), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), self‐perceived health (EuroQoL 5‐Dimension 3‐Level) and depression (Yesavage 15‐item‐Geriatric‐Depression‐Scale) were evaluated through personal interviews. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to categorize the variables into components, and logistic regressions were used to propose the best‐fitted model for each component.ResultsThe PCA identified four components: (i) physical performance, with gait speed and leg mean velocity as the main variables associated with frailty; (ii) balance, showing significant associations with monopodal balance; (iii) daily activities, with moderate to vigorous physical activity and the Lawton and Brody score as the main variables associated with frailty within this component; and (iv) wellness factors, with nutritional status, self‐perceived health and depression score as the primary variables associated with frailty.ConclusionsThis research underscores the significance of physical function and daily activities as protective factors against frailty in community‐dwelling older adults with coexisting frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health dimension contributes both protective and risk factors, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments in managing frailty in this population.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to the STROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Understanding causes of morbidity and mortality in Southern Hemisphere small Odontoceti: a scoping review
Authors: Souter Rebecca , Chaber Anne‐Lise , Möller Luciana , Woolford Lucy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Marine mammals serve as sentinels for environmental health, offering insights into ecosystem health. Enhancing management and conservation strategies for these species requires a comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to their morbidity and mortality.

This review aims to identify reported causes of morbidity and mortality in small Odontoceti within the Southern Hemisphere.

A scoping review of literature was conducted, searching Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, with additional screening of citations for articles not captured in the search.

The review encompassed 198 articles, with a total sample size of 25567 deceased small Odontoceti across 20 genera. A major challenge emerged, with the cause of death undetermined or unspecified in 39% of cases. Known entanglements accounted for 47% of total mortalities. Mass strandings (11%) and infectious disease (1.1%) were also reported. The study identified 14 primary infectious pathogens in 276 animals, spanning viral (CeMV = 214, H5N1 = 1), bacterial (Brucella sp. = 15, Erysipelothrix sp. = 1, Streptococcus iniae = 1, Enterobacter kobei = 1), parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii = 15, Halocercus sp. = 17, Clistobothrium grimaldii = 1, Stenurus globicephalae = 1, Giardia sp. = 1), and fungal (Aspergillus sp. = 2, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis = 5, Cryptococcus sp. = 1) origins.

Anthropogenic‐induced mortality emerges as a significant threat to small Odontoceti of the Southern Hemisphere, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced conservation and management strategies. Increased surveillance of infectious pathogens is imperative, aiming to deepen our understanding of pathogen distribution, prevalence, and impact on Odontoceti health.
Rota menor: o movimento da economia mercantil de subsistência no centro-sul do Brasil, 1808-1831
Authors: Lenharo Alcir 
Published: June 2024

Contrasting with the assumption of traditional historiography, the subsistence economy of Minas Gerais — particularly in the South — presented mercantile features apparent in the regional traffic of primary staple commodities and mainly in the supplying of the Rio de Janeiro market. After 1808, with the establishment of the Portuguese Court in Rio de Janeiro, the local market began to increase its own consumption capacity, draining the surplus from the producing areas. New roads linked the Southern Region of Minas with the town of Rio de Janeiro, thus providing an outlet for surplus production. The increasing merchandise flow led to the formation of an economy based on coffee production in the Paraíba Valley region. Moreover, the movement of “tropeiros” (cattledealers) and tradesmen contributed directly to the establishment of the coffee economy in this area. Landowners and “tropeiros” settled in the region and invested in coffee production. Together with tradesmen and court bureaucrats, who also became investors, they comprised the emerging class of coffee-owners.
The burden of headache and a health-care needs assessment in the adult population of Mali: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Maiga Youssoufa , Diallo Seybou H. , Sangho Oumar , Moskatel Leon Samuel , Konipo Fatoumata , Bocoum Abdoulaye , Diallo Salimata , Coulibaly Awa , Daou Mariam , Dolo Housseini , Sangaré Modibo , Albakaye Mohamed , Traoré Zoumana , Coulibaly Thomas , Sissoko Adama , Landouré Guida , Guindo Boubacar , Ahamadou Mahamoudou , Toure Mahamane Drahamane , Dembele Abibatou , Sacko Habib , Kadri Sao Cheick Abdoul , Coulibaly Diakalia , Dembele Salimata , Coulibaly Cheick Oumar , Sanogo Mohamadou , Boiguilé Sekou , Nizard Julien , Cowan Robert , Steiner Timothy J. , Husøy and Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Our recent studies have shown headache disorders to be very common in the central and western sub-Saharan countries of Benin and Cameroon. Here we report headache in nearby Mali, a strife-torn country that differs topographically, culturally, politically and economically. The purposes were to estimate headache-attributed burden and need for headache care.

Methods
We used cluster-random sampling in seven of Mali’s eleven regions to obtain a nationally representative sample. During unannounced household visits by trained interviewers, one randomly selected adult member (18–65 years) from each household was interviewed using the structured HARDSHIP questionnaire, with enquiries into headache in the last year and, additionally, headache yesterday (HY). Headache on ≥ 15 days/month (H15+) was diagnosed as probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) when associated with acute medication use on ≥ 15 days/month, and as “other H15+” when not. Episodic headache (on < 15 days/month) was recorded as such and not further diagnosed. Burden was assessed as impaired participation (days lost from paid and household work, and from leisure activity). Need for headache care was defined by criteria for expectation of benefit.

Results
Data collection coincided with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The participating proportion was nonetheless extremely high (99.4%). The observed 1-year prevalence of any headache was 90.9%. Age- and gender-adjusted estimates were 86.3% for episodic headache, 1.4% for pMOH and 3.1% for other H15+. HY was reported by 16.8% with a mean duration of 8.7 h. Overall mean headache frequency was 3.5 days/month. Participants with pMOH lost more days from paid (8.8 days/3 months) and household work (10.3 days/3 months) than those with other H15+ (3.1 and 2.8 days/3 months) or episodic headache (1.2 and 0.9 days/3 months). At population level, 3.6–5.8% of all time was spent with headache, which led to a 3.6% decrease in all activity (impaired participation). Almost a quarter (23.4%) of Mali’s adult population need headache care.

Conclusion
Headache is very common in Mali, as in its near neighbours, Benin and Cameroon, and associated with substantial losses of health and productivity. Need for headache care is high – a challenge for a low-income country – but lost productivity probably translates into lost gross domestic product.