bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineating ophiolite-derived host rocks of massive sulfide Cu-Co-Zn deposits with 2D high-resolution seismic reflection data in Outokumpu, Finland
Authors: Kukkonen I. T. , Heinonen S. , Heikkinen P. , Sorjonen-Ward P. 
Published: September 2012

Seismic reflection data was applied to a study of the upper crustal structures in the Outokumpu mining and exploration area in eastern Finland. The Cu-Co-Zn sulfide ore deposits of the Outokumpu area are hosted by Palaeoproterozoic ophiolite-derived altered ultrabasic rocks (serpentinite, skarn rock, and quartz rock) and black schist within turbiditic mica schist. Mining in the Outokumpu area has produced a total of 36 Mt of ore from three historical and one active mine. Seismic data comprises 2D vibroseis data surveyed along a network of local roads. The seismic sections provide a comprehensive 3D view of the reflective structures. Acoustic rock properties from downhole logging and synthetic seismograms indicate that the strongly reflective packages shown in the seismic data can be identified as the host-rock environments of the deposits. Reflectors show excellent continuity along the structural grain of the ore belt, which allows correlating reflectors with surface geology, magnetic map, and drilling sections into a broad 3D model of the ore belt. Massive ores have acoustic properties that make them directly detectable with seismic reflection methods assuming the deposit size is sufficient for applied seismic wavelengths. The seismic data revealed numerous interesting high-amplitude reflectors within the interpreted host-rock suites potentially coinciding with sulfides.
RAC1 in keratinocytes regulates crosstalk to immune cells by Arp2/3 dependent control of STAT1
Authors: Pedersen Esben , Wang Zhipeng , Stanley Alanna , Peyrollier Karine , Rösner Lennart M. , Werfel Thomas , Quondamatteo Fabio , Brakebusch Cord 
Published: September 2012

Crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells is crucial for the immunological barrier function of the skin and aberrant crosstalk contributes to inflammatory skin diseases. Using mice with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the RAC1 gene we found that RAC1 in keratinocytes plays an important role in modulating the interferon (IFN) response in skin. RAC1 mutant mice showed increased sensitivity in an irritant contact dermatitis model, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, and increased expression of immune response genes including the IFN signal transducer STAT1.
Loss of RAC1 in keratinocytes decreased actin polymerization in vivo and in vitro and caused Arp2/3 dependent expression of STAT1, increased interferon sensitivity and upregulation of aberrant keratinoctye differentiation markers. This is inhibitable by the AP-1 inhibitor tanshinone IIA. Loss of RAC1 makes keratinocytes hypersensitive towards inflammatory stimuli both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a major role for RAC1 in regulating the crosstalk between the epidermis and the immune system.
An Interpretation of Enhancement and Suppression Effects of Charged Polymers on the Complexation Equilibria of Co2+/SCN− System in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kamachi Masashi , Miyajima Tohru , Takisawa Noboru 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The change in the magnitude of the formation of [Co(NCS)4]2− in a Co2+/SCN− complexation system with the addition of negatively or positively charged polymers has been monitored spectroscopically. Formation of the tetrahedral complexes was suppressed by the addition of poly(vinylsulfonate) ions, i.e., the magnitude of the formation decreased monotonously with an increase in the anionic polymer concentration. On the other hand, the complexation was enhanced by the presence of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) ions, i.e., the magnitude increased drastically with a small addition of the cationic polymer followed by an abrupt decrease with a further increase in the polymer concentration. These peculiar phenomena depending on the nature and the concentration of charged polymers can be interpreted quantitatively by assuming a volume element (a polyelectrolyte phase) formed around the linear polymer backbone.
Preparation of Monodispersed Spherical Titania–Octadecylamine Particles Containing Silane-Coupling Reagents
Authors: Shiba Kota , Sato Soh , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Well-defined spherical titania–octadecylamine (titania–ODA) (titania: titanium dioxide) hybrid particles containing silane-coupling reagents including aminopropyl, sulfanylpropyl, octadecyl, and phenyl groups (molar Ti:silane-coupling reagent ratio of 50:1) were prepared by sol–gel reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide with the aid of a flow reactor. Average particle sizes were 520, 380, 540, and 510 nm for aminopropyl, sulfanylpropyl, octadecyl, and phenyl group containing particles, respectively. ODA was removed by washing the as-synthesized products with acidic EtOH, resulting in the formation of organosilyl group containing nanoporous titania. The porosity was investigated by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET surface area of 250 to 400 m2 g−1) and the surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity is discussed based on the water and benzene vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms. Crystallization of anatase within the spherical particles is possible by postsynthetic hot water or hydrothermal treatment.
Self-Assembly of Zinc Bacteriochlorophyll d Derivative Possessing a Triethoxysilyl Group at the 17-Propionate Residue
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Shoji Sunao , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Saga Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Transformation of pigment assembly in photosynthetic supramolecules is an important event in the performance of efficient photosynthetic activities, and model systems mimicking such transformation are useful to elucidate dynamic processes in natural photosynthetic systems. In this paper, we report stimuli-induced self-aggregation of a synthetic zinc bacteriochlorophyll d derivative possessing a triethoxysilyl group at the 17-propionate (Zn chlorin 1) as a model system of chlorosomes, which are extramembranous and major light-harvesting complexes in green photosynthetic bacteria. A mixture of monomeric and dimeric species of epimerically pure Zn chlorin 1 was gradually converted into chlorosomal self-aggregates that exhibited a red-shifted Qy absorption band and the CD signal at the corresponding region around 750 nm in an aqueous alkaline solution. The finally obtained visible absorption and CD spectra of 1 under the alkaline conditions were almost identical to the spectra of 1 lacking ethoxy groups by alkaline hydrolysis in advance, indicating that the above spectral changes of 1 observed under the alkaline conditions were ascribable to hydrolysis of the ethoxysilyl group in 1. The alteration of assembling states of synthetic zinc chlorin 1 triggered by its chemical modification will be a clue to the construction of model systems for in vivo formation of chlorosomes in green photosynthetic bacteria.
A Special Focus on the Photodegradation of 6′-Indolino-1-isobutyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]
Authors: Alberti Angelo , Aubert Claude , Campredon Mylène , Demadrille Renaud 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The photodegradation of 6′-indolino-1-isobutyl-3,3-dimethylspiro[indoline-2,3′-[3H]naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine] (1) following exposure to polychromatic light, was investigated in fluid solution (toluene, T) and in a solid matrix (polyurethane, PU). The photoproducts formed under irradiation were identified using HPLC and GC/MS. These included, beside the expected degradation derivatives, some new photoproducts derived from a secondary degradation pathway.
Alternative Mechanistic Scheme for Salt Effects on Solvolysis Reactions of Haloalkanes and Related Compounds in Binary DMSO/H2O Solvent Mixture
Authors: Hojo Masashi , Aoki Sho 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In 75% (v/v) DMSO/H2O solvent mixture, salt effects on the solvolysis reaction rates of haloalkanes and related compounds (RX) have been examined. In spite of the decreased water activity in the solvent mixture, the log(k/s−1) values of typical SN1 substrates, such as 1-bromoadamantane, increase with increasing concentration of added metal perchlorates (the order: Li+ &lt; Na+ &lt; Mg2+ &lt; Ba2+), which is attributed to the direct chemical interaction between the leaving-group anion and the metal cation in the “modified” solution. Contrastingly, the log(k/s−1) value of an SN2 substrate decreases with increasing concentration of the metal perchlorates. When nonmetallic salts containing anions (Y− = Cl− or Br−) different from RX (X− = Cl−, Br−, or TsO−) are present, solvolyses of SN2, such as 1-bromohexane, are subjected to an anion-exchange reaction. By the detailed examination of Δlog(k/s−1)/Δ[Mg(ClO4)2] for typical SN1, SN1–SN2 borderline, and SN2 substrates, we were able to demonstrate a linearity between the Mg(ClO4)2 effects in the solvolysis rates and the carbocation stabilities expressed by the Gibbs free energy values (ΔG) of RX in the gas phase. The salt effects on the solvolyses of SN1 to SN2 substrates are accounted for without relying on Winstein’s reaction scheme or the arbitrary function of ion pairs of two types.
Hydrogenation of Phenol Using Silica-Supported Pd and PdAu Catalysts in the Presence of H2 and O2
Authors: Okada Shusuke , Fujiwara Kensei , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
2-Cyclohexen-1-one can be synthesized from phenol using silica-supported Pd catalyst by hydrogenation under coexisting hydrogen and oxygen gases. The effects of hydrogen and oxygen ratio, solvent, and alloying Pd with Au were investigated. Similar transformations toward corresponding cyclic enones were observed in other phenolic compounds.
Online Stochastic Matching: Online Actions Based on Offline Statistics
Authors: Manshadi Vahideh H. , Gharan Shayan Oveis , Saberi Amin 
Published: September 2012

We consider the online stochastic matching problem proposed by Feldman et al. [Feldman J, Mehta A, Mirrokni VS, Muthukrishnan S (2009) Online stochastic matching: Beating 1 − 1/e. Annual IEEE Sympos. Foundations Comput. Sci. 117–126] as a model of display ad allocation. We are given a bipartite graph; one side of the graph corresponds to a fixed set of bins, and the other side represents the set of possible ball types. At each time step, a ball is sampled independently from the given distribution and it needs to be matched upon its arrival to an empty bin. The goal is to maximize the number of allocations. We present an online algorithm for this problem with a competitive ratio of 0.702. Before our result, algorithms with a competitive ratio better than 1 − 1/e were known under the assumption that the expected number of arriving balls of each type is integral. A key idea of the algorithm is to collect statistics about the decisions of the optimum offline solution using Monte Carlo sampling and use those statistics to guide the decisions of the online algorithm. We also show that our algorithm achieves a competitive ratio of 0.705 when the rates are integral. On the hardness side, we prove that no online algorithm can have a competitive ratio better than 0.823 under the known distribution model (and henceforth under the permutation model). This improves upon the 5/6 hardness result proved by Goel and Mehta [Goel G, Mehta A (2008) Online budgeted matching in random input models with applications to adwords. ACM-SIAM Symposium Discrete Algorithms 982–991] for the permutation model.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Heart failure and thyroid dysfunction
Authors: Biondi Bernadette 
Published: September 2012

ContextHeart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe and in the United States. The aim of this review article was to assess the results of the prospective studies that evaluated the risk of HF in patients with overt and subclinical thyroid disease and discuss the mechanism of this dysfunction.Evidence AcquisitionReports published with the following search terms were searched:, thyroid, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, levothyroxine, triiodothyronine, antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, deiodinases, clinical symptoms, heart rate, HF, systolic function, diastolic function, systemic vascular resistance, endothelial function, amiodarone and atrial fibrillation. The investigation was restricted to reports published in English.Evidence SynthesisThe outcome of this analysis suggests that patients with untreated overt thyroid dysfunction are at increased risk of HF. Moreover, persistent subclinical thyroid dysfunction is associated with the development of HF in patients with serum TSH <0.1 or >10 mU/l.ConclusionsThe timely recognition and effective treatment of cardiac symptoms in patients with thyroid dysfunction is mandatory because the prognosis of HF may be improved with the appropriate treatment of thyroid dysfunction.
Grassland Response to Herbicides and Seeding of Native Grasses 6 Years Posttreatment
Authors: Endress Bryan A. , Parks Catherine G. , Naylor Bridgett J. , Radosevich Steven R. , Porter Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHerbicides are the primary method used to control exotic, invasive plants. This study evaluated restoration efforts applied to grasslands dominated by an invasive plant, sulfur cinquefoil, 6 yr after treatments. Of the five herbicides we evaluated, picloram continued to provide the best control of sulfur cinquefoil over 6 yr. We found the timing of picloram applications to be important to the native forb community. Plots with picloram applied in the fall had greater native forb cover. However, without the addition of native perennial grass seeds, the sites became dominated by exotic grasses. Seeding resulted in a 20% decrease in exotic grass cover. Successful establishment of native perennial grasses was not apparent until 6 yr after seeding. Our study found integrating herbicide application and the addition of native grass seed to be an effective grassland restoration strategy, at least in the case where livestock are excluded.
Effects of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Removal on the Abundance of Entomopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Vaicekonyte Regina , Keesing Felicia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGarlic mustard is an invasive, exotic herb that is now widespread in North America. Recent research has shown that garlic mustard exudes biochemical compounds that inhibit the growth of entomopathogenic fungi. We investigated how the removal of garlic mustard would affect the abundance of entomopathogenic fungi in forest soils in eastern New York. Using a standard bioassay, we compared the abundance of entomopathogenic fungi in soil with and without garlic mustard both before and 45 d after garlic mustard had been experimentally removed. In soil from which garlic mustard had been experimentally removed 45 d earlier, the abundance of entomopathogenic fungi was restored to levels found in soil with no history of garlic mustard. These results suggest it is possible to increase the abundance of entomopathogenic fungi in the soil in a short time by eradicating garlic mustard plants from an invaded area. Recolonization by entomopathogenic fungi could be beneficial to humans if it increases the mortality of arthropods that are vectors of infectious disease, such as blacklegged ticks, but harmful if it increases the mortality of arthropods that provide valuable ecosystem services, such as bees and ants.
Prescribed Extreme Fire Effects on Richness and Invasion in Coastal Prairie
Authors: Twidwell Dirac , Rogers William E. , McMahon Elizabeth A. , Thomas Bryce R. , Kreuter Urs P. , Blankenship Terry L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWidely-held, untested assumptions in many prairies are that high-intensity fires conducted during droughts will decrease native herbaceous species richness and lead to rapid invasions by alien species. We compared native and exotic herbaceous species richness and aboveground herbaceous biomass one year following the application of high-intensity growing-season fires in Texas coastal prairie. Fires were conducted in June 2008, when precipitation was 96% below the long-term monthly average, at the end of a severe 5-mo drought, resulting in high fire intensities within treatment units. Native forb species richness was greater in burned than unburned areas. In contrast, species richness of native grasses, exotic forbs, and the frequency of King Ranch (KR) bluestem [Bothriochloa ischaemum(L.) Keng.] did not significantly differ between burned and unburned treatments. The potential to use prescribed extreme fire to maintain native herbaceous species richness while not increasing KR bluestem provides preliminary evidence that growing season fires conducted during droughts can be a viable management strategy in coastal prairies.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Wang Baochan , Shen Feng , Fan Jiangao , Cao Haixia 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background.
Questions remain about the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and primary liver cancer (PLC) risk, possible confounding by hepatitis virus infection, and differences by gender or geographic location. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies to explore these issues.

Methods.
We searched PubMed and Embase for studies of BMI and risk of PLC through November 30, 2011. Summary relative risks with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.

Results.
A total of 21 prospective studies (including 17,624 PLC cases) were included in our analysis. The summary relative risk for a 5-unit increment in BMI (in kg/m2) was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.25–1.55), with high heterogeneity. These positive results were robust when stratified by sex, geographic location, ascertainment of exposure and outcome, the number of cases, duration of follow-up, sample source, and cofounders. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and PLC risk, with the most pronounced increase in risk among persons with a BMI &gt;32 kg/m2. Patients with hepatitis C virus or cirrhosis (but not patients with hepatitis B virus) with excess weight had a higher risk of PLC development than general populations with excess weight.

Conclusion.
Excess weight increases PLC risk. For people with HCV infection or cirrhosis, risk increases are greater than for general population.
Association of Pre–Kidney Transplant Markers of Mineral and Bone Disorder with Post-Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Molnar Miklos Z. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Mucsi Istvan , Salusky Isidro B. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Mineral and bone disorders (MBDs) are common in long-term dialysis patients and are risk factors for unfavorable outcomes. The associations between pretransplant levels of MBD surrogates and outcomes after kidney transplantation are not clear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients up to June 2007 were linked to the 5-year (July 2001–June 2006) cohort of a large dialysis organization in the United States. All dialysis patients who received a kidney transplant during this period were identified and divided into groups according to increments of pretransplant MBD markers. Unadjusted and multivariate adjusted predictors of transplant outcomes were examined.

Results
The 11,776 patients were aged 47±14 years and 39% were women. Compared with recipients with pretransplant time-averaged serum alkaline phosphatase of 80–120 U/L, recipients with pretransplant serum alkaline phosphatase of 120–160 and ≥160 U/L had 49% and 64% higher graft failure censored all-cause mortality in multivariable adjusted models. There was no significant association between time-averaged serum alkaline phosphatase categories and risk of death censored graft failure, delayed graft function (DGF), or acute rejection (AR). Compared with recipients with pretransplant time-averaged serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of 150–300 pg/ml, there was no significant association with graft censored death among recipients with pretransplant serum PTH ≥800 pg/ml. In addition, the risk of graft failure, DGF, and AR did not show any association with time-averaged serum intact PTH level. There was no significant association between time-averaged serum calcium categories and risk of graft failure censored death, DGF, and AR.

Conclusions
In this cohort, hemodialysis patients with pretransplant serum alkaline phosphatase >120 U/L have unfavorable post-transplant mortality, whereas there was no association between serum PTH and serum calcium levels and post-transplant outcomes.
The Impact of Body-Scaled Information on Reaching
Authors: Huang Hsiang-han , Ellis Terry D. , Wagenaar Robert C. , Fetters Linda 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundEnvironmental and task modifications are powerful methods used to affect action in rehabilitation and are frequently used by therapists.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the relationship between hand size (person characteristics) and object size (environmental characteristics) and the effect of this relationship on the emergent reaching patterns for children and adults with typical development.DesignThis was a cross-sectional prospective study.MethodsSeventeen children and 20 adults participated and were required to reach and grasp 10 pairs of cubes of different sizes. The dimensionless ratios were calculated by dividing the cube size by the aperture between index finger and thumb to quantify emergent reach and grasp patterns. A critical ratio was used to establish the shift from a 1-handed to an exclusive 2-handed reach pattern.ResultsThe results demonstrated no significant difference in the mean critical ratios between the 2 groups. However, a 2-handed reach was used more frequently than a 1-handed reach at a significantly smaller ratio for children in comparison with adults.LimitationsThe relational metrics between the cube and hand are only one contribution to the emergent reaching and grasping patterns.ConclusionsChildren had more variability of reaching patterns than adults. A personal constraint, such as experience, and a task constraint of accuracy may account for the variability. The results encourage further research on body-scaled information for individuals with different personal constraints (eg, children with cerebral palsy) and the impact of body-scaled information on emergent actions.