bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of ADHD in Adults: An Umbrella Review of International Studies
Authors: Ayano G. , Tsegay L. , Gizachew Y. , Necho M. , Yohannes K. , Demelash S. , Anbesaw T. , Alati R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly diagnosed in school-age children. However, it can affect individuals of all age groups. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of ADHD in adults by conducting an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Objectives
To provide a comprehensive synthesis of published evidence on the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults through an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with the aim of highlighting the significance of addressing and managing ADHD in the adult population.Methods
To conduct this study, we adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We systematically searched databases such as PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. Our review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023389704). The quality of the studies included in our analysis was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). For the purpose of conducting a meta-analysis, we employed a random-effects model.ResultsOur umbrella review examined findings from five systematic reviews that encompassed data from 57 unique international primary studies undertaken between 2009 and 2021. These studies involved a total of 21,142,129 adult participants. The meta-analysis, employing an inverse variance-weighted random effect model, yielded a pooled prevalence estimate for ADHD in adults of 3.10% (95% confidence interval: 2.60%–3.60%). Regarding ADHD subtypes, our analysis revealed that ADHD-I (inattentive type) remained the most prevalent among adults, followed by ADHD-HI (hyperactive type) and ADHD-C (combined type).ConclusionsOur results underscore the relatively high prevalence of ADHD among adults, with ADHD-I emerging as the most common subtype. These findings emphasize the need for proactive measures to prevent, mitigate, identify, and effectively manage ADHD in the adult population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Habit Learning in OCD: Preliminary Data from a Spanish Sample
Authors: Prime Tous M. , Lopez Solà C. , Hermida L. , Fullana M. A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionInstrumental learning involves goal-directed and habitual systems. The Slips-of-Action Task (SOAT) is extensively used to measure habit tendencies and the likelihood of making erroneous responses for devalued outcomes. The SOAT provides a Devaluation Sensitivity Index (DSI), a measure of the balance between relative goal-directed and habitual learning. Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often engage in repetitive actions, suggesting a potential deficit in goal-directed control and an increased reliance on habitual learning. Previous literature has shown that medicated OCD adults performed worse on the SOAT task than healthy controls.ObjectivesTo compare habit learning performance in an unmedicated sample:-Goal 1: Between OCD and Healthy Controls (HC)-Goal 2: Across four groups: adult OCD, adult HC, children OCD, and children HC
MethodsParticipants: Eighty-three participants (44 OCD patients and 38 healthy controls) completed the study with usable task data. The 44 OCD patients comprised 17 adults (mean age: 26.76 years, SD: 8.61 years) and 27 children/adolescents (mean age: 12.84 years, SD: 2.59 years). The 38 healthy controls included 17 adults (mean age: 30 years, SD: 7.49 years) and 21 children/adolescents (mean age: 14.1 years, SD: 2.19 years). All participants were unmedicated. Measures: Participants completed an adapted version of the “Fabulous Fruit Game”, which included an instrumental training phase to learn Stimulus-Response-Outcomes (S-R-O) associations and a SOAT to assess the strength of learned S-R-O associations. DSI was calculated by subtracting the percentage of responses made toward devalued outcomes from the percentage of responses made toward still valuable outcomes. Behavioral Analyses: Student’s t-test comparing individuals with OCD to HC and a ONEWAY ANOVA to examine group differences across multiple categories.ResultsGoal 1: DSI comparison between individuals with OCD and HC revealed a significant difference, with HC demonstrating superior performance (t (60.9) = 2.60, p = .012, Cohen’s d = .546). Goal 2: The overall DSI comparison across adult OCD, adult HC, children OCD, and children HC showed a non-significant difference (F(3) = 3.407, p = 0.22). However, post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between Adult HC and Youth OCD (I-J Scheffe = 28.82, p = .033), indicating superior performance in adult HC.ConclusionsThis study highlights altered Habit Learning in unmedicated OCD individuals, supported by significant DSI differences compared to HC. Age-related distinctions were observed, emphasizing the need for age-sensitive interventions in understanding and addressing habit-related challenges in OCD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sexuality of pregnant, postpartum and breast-feeding women
Authors: Bader S. , aloulou M. , Zran Z. , Abdelmoula A. , Bouaziz A. , Abbes W. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPregnancy and breast-feeding represents a period of psychological maturation for the woman who becomes a mother, a period of significant changes in women’s lives that affects their sexuality and intimacy.ObjectivesTo investigate the quality of sexual function in pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women.Methods
It was a cross-sectional study established over a period of 3 months from the June 1st, 2023 to August 31, 2023. This study focused on a population of pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women recruited from outpatient consultations and inpatient of the obstetric gynecology department at the university hospital of Gabes. We used a pre-established sheet exploring socio-demographic data, medical and gyneco-obstetric history and informations concerning the marital relationship and the woman’s sexual activity. We administered the validated Arabic version of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) to assess sexual functioning.Results
Fifty-eight women were included. The average age was 35.6±5.5 years, they had a university level in 40%, secondary in 37.5%, and they were unemployed in 74.2%. From an urban origin in 75%. They were pregnant in the first, second and third trimester in (15.6%, 15.6% and 25% respectively). They were in postpartum in 43.8% of cases with a cesarean delivery in 73.3% and breastfeeding in 56%. All women reported being on good terms with their spouses and satisfied with their sexuality. The usual frequency of sexual relations (SR) was (1/day: 22.6%, 1/week: 74.2%, 1/month: 3.2%) and 25% reported wanting to reduce the frequency. Only 3.44% masturbated and 5.17% had sexual fantasies. The mean ASEX score was 13 ± 4.3 and 47%of the sample had sexual dysfunction. We found a significant association between the sexual dysfunction and the trimester of pregnancy (p=0.045).Highest score of sexual dysfunction during the first and third trimester compared to the second one (68.9%, 77.6% and 22.4% repectively). The areas of sexual dysfunction were difficulty reaching orgasm (81%), impaired sexual desire (65.5%), insufficient lubrication (60.3%), arousal (55.1%) and pain on penetration (50%).ConclusionsWe found that sexual function is problematic among women during pregnancy especially in the first and third trimester also in postpartum and breastfeeding period. So what factors are associated with this sexual dysfunction?Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cannabinoid syndrome in cannabis dependence: a case report
Authors: Pichilingue Reto C. , Jose Rojo A. M. , Carrillo Reche M. B. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionA 36-year-old man with a history of cannabis use disorder since age 16, consuming 8-10 units/day, experienced irritability and tremors upon reducing consumption. His psychiatric issues emerged in 2020, marked by anxiety, abdominal pain, and severe vomiting, leading to a dyspepsia diagnosis. Subsequently, he received psychiatric care at CAS Hospitalet, diagnosed with severe cannabis use disorder. No prior inpatient admissions occurred.Objectives
Our project aims to show a case report and summarize the available evidence on cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).MethodsIn May 2023, he voluntarily sought admission to Barcelona’s “Hospital Sant Pau,” aiming for cannabis detox and treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis. He’d endured years of intense abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, worsening over the last two years, with uncontrollable vomiting hindering daily life. Admission saw reduced cannabis use to 3-4 units/day. Inpatient care revealed anticipatory anxiety, rumination, and somatic anxiety, accompanied by distal tremors and internal restlessness due to abdominal discomfort, partially alleviated by 5-10 mg of diazepam.ResultsTreatment included domperidone 10mg/8h, haloperidol drops (5-10 drops/8h), capsaicin ointment, hot showers, and cryotherapy, resulting in gradual relief from abdominal pain. Moderate cravings for tobacco and cannabis led to acetylcysteine 600mg/12h and gabapentin up to 1200mg/8h. Gastric discomfort with SSRIs led to vortioxetine 10 mg/day, well-tolerated with a positive response. Consultation with the GI department confirmed the treatment’s efficacy, emphasizing cannabis abstinence. Upon discharge, cannabinoid hyperemesis symptoms markedly improved, and the patient was referred to “Hospital de Dia.”Conclusions
CHS is a cyclic vomiting syndrome, preceded by daily to weekly chronic longstanding use of cannabis that can be difficult to diagnose and treat(1,3,4). It is unique in presentation, because of the cannabis’s biphasic effect as anti-emetic at low doses and pro-emetic at higher doses, and the association with pathological hot water bathing (2). The major characteristics are as follows: history of regular cannabis for any duration of time (100%), cyclic nausea and vomiting (100%), resolution of symptoms after stopping cannabis (96.8%), compulsive hot baths with symptom relief (92.3%), male predominance (72.9%), abdominal pain (85.1%), and at least weekly cannabis use (97.4%)(1). Treatments such as topical capsaicin, haloperidol, benzodiazepines, and propranolol have shown symptom relief (3) whereas opioids should be avoided (4). Cannabis cessation appears to be the best treatment (1,3).References1.Sorensen et al. Journal of Medical Toxicology 13 (2017):71-87.2.Perisetti et al. Annals of gastroenterology 33.6 (2020):571.3.Senderovich et al. Medical Principles and Practice 31.1 (2022):29-38.4.Leu, et al. Journal of Emergency Nursing 47.3 (2021): 483-486Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Life narratives of individuals with psychosis in ethnic minority and migrant communities in Canada and the Netherlands
Authors: Jansen I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground
Increased psychosis risk has long been reported for some migrant and ethnic minority populations, a finding has been replicated in different parts of the world, with risk seeming to persist for further generations. Several explanations such as genetic liability or selective migration, higher cannabis-use or higher exposure to neurodevelopmental risk factors were considered unlikely explanations. Rather, exposure to adversity experiences found to be a determinant of psychotic disorders, such as parental separation, social and economic disadvantage, discrimination, social exclusion and marginalization. Additionally, migrants often live in cities, where high population density, low social cohesion and social fragmentation and deprivation, combined with lack of green space and urban stress increase the psychosis risk. Although previous research work has emphasized the quantitative exploration of social-environmental determinants of psychosis, qualitative studies allow for the generation of innovative, rich and nuanced understandings about a given phenomenon, being an ideal approach in face of complex social dynamics and contexts. Concretely, the associations are established, however, the underlying mechanisms and experiences remain largely unknown.
This study aims to address several research gaps identified in research on the issues of psychosis, socio-environmental determinants of mental health, migration and ethnicity, and inequalities by exploring the life narratives and experiences of service-users with first psychosis with distinct ethnic, racial and migrant backgrounds.Methods
Participants aged between 18 and 35 years old, who have been diagnosed with a first psychosis are recruited in Montreal, Canada, and in the Netherlands. The aim is to recruit at least 20-25 individuals from each site, but recruitment is still ongoing. Qualitative interviews of about an hour are being held, and transcripts will be analyzed with Nvivo, software for qualitative data. Categories and clusters will be formed from the narratives, resulting in common themes that are important to the patients, in their understanding of the development of their psychosis, and the help they have received.ResultsPreliminary data show that the patients have predominantly African or (Eastern)European background, moved around a lot, and experiences inequities. Help and care were not always available for them, not always beneficial. Participants experiences a lot of isolation and deplacement, together with socio-economic disadvantages. Common themes as to by which mechanisms these aspects play a role will further be explored.DiscussionThese findings will be discussed in light of the quantitative data already existing. Implications for prevention and interventions will be discussed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients on Methadone followed at Ar Razi hospital in Morocco
Authors: Bensalah Y. , Sabir M. , Elomari F. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOpioid substitution treatments, notably methadone, now represent the standard treatment in the management of opioid dependence, making it possible to reduce illicit opioid consumption, crime, infections linked to administration practices and improve socio-professional integrationObjectives
Determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients Evaluate the quality of life of these patientsMethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted with 60 patients receiving methadone followed at Ar-Razi Hospital in Salé between 01 june 2023 and 30 august 2023. A questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey SF-36 scaleResultsThe average age of our patients was 34 years with a male predominance Most of our patients were single and unemployed Somatic disorders were found in 15% of the sample The majority of them had an associated depressive disorder The main types of new psychoactive substances consumed were benzodiazepines (62.3%) and cannabis.
Quality of life was impaired in 60% of patients treated with methadoneConclusionsThe population using methadone is precarious and presents somatic and psychiatric vulnerability. Forms of misuse and associated consumption of other psychoactive substances and illicit drugs are recorded, hence the need for early detection in order to improve careDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
Transition from methadone to subcutaneous buprenorphine depot in patients with opioid use disorder - a case report
Authors: Delic M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOpioid dependence is a complex condition that often requires long-term treatment and care. Methadone, a synthetic full opioid agonist, and buprenorphine, a partial agonist at the opioid receptor, are most commonly used for substitution therapy of opioid dependence and typically administered orally as a liquid and sublingual tablets. Transition from methadone to sublingual buprenorphine may precipitate withdrawal and is usually performed only in patients on low dose of methadone (<30-40 mg). Microdose induction is proposed as a possible solution to ease the transition to buprenorphine.ObjectivesTo present a rapid transition from methadone to sublingual buprenorphine and after that to buprenorphine depot.MethodsA case report of a patient who was switched from methadone 60 mg to sublingual buprenorphine 8 mg using microdosing and after that switched to buprenorphine depo 16 mg weekly.ResultsPatient was successfully switched to sublingual buprenorphine and after that to buprenorphine depot. The transition was complited without withdrawal simptoms.Conclusions
This report supports the use of a microdose induction to initiate buprenorphine. Additionally, this approach may be significant for patients stabilized on high doses of methadone who may not be able to tolerate a traditional buprenorphine induction.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Quality of Life Assessment in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Feki A. , Sellami I. , Ellouze F. , Yahya M. , Baklouti S. , Elleuch M. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionOsteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases and a leading cause of functional limitation and dependence, significantly impacting the quality of life (QOL).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of knee osteoarthritis on QOL and identify associated factors.Methods
This prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Physical Medicine and Functional Rehabilitation Department over a 4-month period, involving patients with symptomatic bilateral knee osteoarthritis (according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria). Sociodemographic data, comorbidities, and characteristics of knee osteoarthritis were collected. The assessment of QOL and the functional impact of knee osteoarthritis were based on the KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) self-questionnaire, Lequesne Index, and modified WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) Score. The KOOS questionnaire included 5 subscales: pain (KOOS-Pain), symptoms other than pain (KOOS-Symptoms), activities of daily living (KOOS-ADL), sports and recreational function (KOOS-Sport), and QOL (KOOS-QOL).Results
We included 30 patients with an average age of 59.27±6.3; the male-to-female ratio was 0.15. Sixty percent of patients lived in urban areas, with varying levels of education: primary (n=10), secondary (n=4), and university (n=4), while the majority were illiterate (40%). Most of our patients were employed, with 64.28% engaging in significant physical activity, resulting in an average of 6±2 days of work absenteeism every 3 months due to knee pain. The mean duration of knee osteoarthritis was 7.97 years±3.14. The average pain visual analog scale (VAS) score was 5.2±0.4. Knee osteoarthritis was classified as stage 2 in 40% and stage 3 in 60% of cases. Regarding functional impact, the mean WOMAC global index was 16.6±4.68, and the mean Lequesne Index was 11.05±3.45; moderate disability was observed in 16.7%, significant disability in 50%, and severe disability in 16.7% of patients. Furthermore, the KOOS questionnaire revealed decreased KOOS-Sport and KOOS-QOL scores, with mean values of 35±10.2 and 37±8.9, respectively. Our study identified factors associated with a poor quality of life: age > 65 years (p<0.05), disease duration (p=0.02), and VAS pain > 5 (p=0.02).ConclusionsImproving the quality of life is an essential therapeutic goal in managing knee osteoarthritis. Our study demonstrates that advanced age, longer disease duration, and high pain intensity can negatively impact quality of life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Role of Virtual Reality in Treating Anxiety in Child & Adolescent
Authors: Shah K. , Reddy P. , Giri A. , Srinivas S. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Anxiety disorder affects nearly 9.4% of children aged 3-17 years.1 Virtual Reality (VR) provides an alternative for managing anxiety due to immersive, multisensory, and excellent distraction.ObjectivesThe aim is to evaluate the efficacy of VR therapy in managing anxiety in children.Methods
We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Biosisdatabases with the keywords “Virtual Reality” in the context of “AnxietyDisorders” and included 8 relevant studies published in English until February 10, 2023, for our qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe VR-Guided relaxation (VR-GR) effectively decreased anxiety immediately after administration. In another trial, 4 of the 9 patients completely overcame their fears, and 8 of 9 saw an improvement in target behaviors in the autism population even after six weeks after the therapy, and the effect lasted 1 year post-treatment. In another study, VR-based therapy helped reduce anxiety and behavioral scores significantly in the VR group vs. the control. In another study, they found during pediatric intravenous catheter placement, patients who received VR therapy showed significantly less anxiety and pain compared to those who did not. In another study, they found VR therapy helped reduce anxiety during the induction of pre-operative anesthesia in children undergoing elective surgery.Conclusions
A study discovered benefits with statistically significant results in reducing anxiety in children immediately after VR-based therapy. To explore the full spectrum of benefits and efficacy of VR-based therapy for anxiety as a standalone or adjunct to pharmacotherapy, we recommend future trials with robust study designs.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Anxiety disorders and Quality of life: The Role of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Moraiti V. , Kalmanti A. , Papadopoulou A. , Porfyri G. N. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Anxiety disorders represent the most common mental illnesses, which are listed among the ten most important causes of disability worldwide. According to DSM-5, they are defined as “disorders that share characteristics of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disorders”. Patients exhibit low levels of quality of life. Their daily routine is affected negatively. However, Occupational Therapy has been proven to play a crucial role in their treatment, improving quality of life through the involvement in occupations.ObjectivesTo highlight the contribution of Occupational Therapy in ameliorating the quality of life in anxiety disorders.MethodsA review of 50 articles -from 2013 to 2023- on PubMed and Google Scholar, regarding the beneficial impact of Occupational Therapy in the Anxiety Disorders’ treatment.Results
Occupational Therapists can intervene in many negatively affected -by the disease- life domains such as: Activities of Daily Living, Education, Work, Play, Social Interaction and Sleep. The most effective Occupational Therapy methods are based on the cognitive behavioral approach and include: Psychoeducation, Relaxation techniques, Social skills training and Systematic desensitization.Other methods involve training in Activities of Daily Living such as feeding, maintaining good personal hygiene, and using public transport. Furthermore, Art Therapy (visual arts, use of clay) has been shown to reduce feelings of anxiety, while promoting creativity and enhancing self-esteem.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed regarding the effectiveness of Occupational Therapy in improving the quality of life for patients suffering from Anxiety Disorders. The important “take home message” is that the amelioration of the patients’ quality of life should be the main goal of the therapeutic intervention and not a secondary result of it.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared