bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Beteiligung Dritter an einer Arztpraxis aus berufsrechtlicher Sicht
Authors: Schulenburg Dirk , Heckmann Charlotte 
Published: November 2014

In Zeiten steigender Kosten im Gesundheitswesen bei gleichzeitig sinkenden Einnahmen der Ärzteschaft wächst das Interesse an Kooperationsmodellen, die - auch unter der Beteiligung von Nichtärzten - dieser Entwicklung entgegenzuwirken geeignet sind.Die Beteiligung sog. Dritter, d.h. Personen, die keine medizinische oder heilberufliche Tätigkeit ausüben, an den wirtschaftlichen Einnahmen der Praxis eines niedergelassenen Arztes erscheint jedoch insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund des Berufsrechtes der Musterberufsordnung für die deutschen Ärztinnen und Ärzte (MBO) problematisch.
Die Sechswochenfrist des § 275 Abs. 1 c S. 2 SGB V im Lichte der Rechtsprechung
Authors: Arnold Wiebke , Erdmann Anke 
Published: November 2014

Die Vorschrift des § 275 Abs. 1c S. 2 SGB V hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine Vielzahl an Gerichten beschäftigt. Im Zentrum der Betrachtung steht dabei regelmäßig die Frage, ob die medizinische Notwendigkeit der Krankenhausbehandlung auch dann durch die Sozialgerichte uneingeschränkt überprüft werden kann, wenn die Krankenkasse innerhalb der Sechswochenfrist keine Prüfung eingeleitet bzw. der MDK eine entsprechende Anzeige versäumt hat. Im Kern geht es also darum, ob die Sechswochenfrist des § 275 Abs. 1c S. 2 SGB V eine von Amts wegen zu beachtende Ausschlussfrist ist. Mit dieser Frage wird sich in absehbarer Zeit das BSG1 befassen.Im Zusammenhang mit einer etwaigen von Gerichten zu beachtenden Präklusionswirkung der Bestimmung ist ebenfalls von Bedeutung, ob die Präklusionswirkung auch dann zum Tragen käme, wenn das Fristversäumnis allein durch den MDK verursacht worden ist. Hierbei geht es im Wesentlichen um die Frage, ob der MDK Erfüllungsgehilfe der Krankenkasse ist, sodass sich diese das Verhalten des MDK analog § 278 BGB zurechnen lassen muss. Mit dieser Fragestellung wird sich das BSG2 ebenfalls in absehbarer Zeit auseinandersetzen.In Anbetracht dieser ausstehenden BSG-Entscheidungen soll sich im Rahmen dieser Abhandlung mit den einzelnen Problemfeldern der Vorschrift des § 275 Abs. 1 c S. 2 SGB V auseinandergesetzt werden, unter Berücksichtigung der bislang vorliegenden Rechtsprechung.3 Dadurch soll ein Einblick in die vom BSG zu entscheidende Problematik gegeben und die Grundlagen für einen etwaigen Entscheidungsansatz aufgezeigt werden.
Der Coach als Briefkasten
Authors: Gfäller Georg R. 
Published: November 2014

Im Folgenden Erfahrungsbericht schildert der Verfasser eine im Rahmen eines Verfahrens der Collaborative Praxis (CP) angewandte Deeskalationstechnik. Der sog. Briefkasten könnte insbesondere dann, wenn eine sinnvolle mündliche Verständigung zwischen den Parteien gänzlich unmöglich scheint, auch im Rahmen anderer Streitbeilegungsverfahren hilfreich sein.,,Briefkasten“ besagt, dass der Coach als Übersetzer und Vermittler zwischen den Konfliktparteien fungiert. Im nachfolgend geschilderten Fall war der Coach für beide Konfliktparteien tätig. Voraussetzung hierfür war das uneingeschränkte Vertrauen beider Konfliktpartner, hier Ehegatten (Scheidungs-CP). Die Konfliktpartner nutzten die Möglichkeit, sich via EMail auszutauschen. Sie korrespondierten allerdings nicht direkt miteinander, sondern schalteten den Coach als sog. Briefkasten und Übersetzer ein.
A Cenozoic uplift history of Mexico and its surroundings from longitudinal river profiles
Authors: Stephenson Simon N. , Roberts Gareth G. , Hoggard Mark J. , Whittaker Alexander C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGeodynamic models of mantle convection predict that Mexico and western North America share a history of dynamic support. We calculate admittance between gravity and topography, which indicates that the elastic thickness of the plate in Mexico is 11 km and in western North America it is 12 km. Admittance at wavelengths > 500 km in these regions suggests that topography is partly supported by subcrustal processes. These results corroborate estimates of residual topography from isostatic calculations and suggest that the amount of North American topography supported by the mantle may exceed 1 km. The Cenozoic history of magmatism, sedimentary flux, thermochronometric denudation estimates, and uplifted marine terraces imply that North American lithosphere was uplifted and eroded during the last 30 Ma. We jointly invert 533 Mexican and North American longitudinal river profiles to reconstruct a continent‐scale rock uplift rate history. Uplift rate is permitted to vary in space and time. Erosional parameters are calibrated using incision rate data in southwest Mexico and the Colorado Plateau. Calculated rock uplift rates were 0.15–0.2 mm/yr between 25 and10 Ma. Central Mexico experienced the highest uplift rates. Central and southern Mexico continued to uplift at 0.1 mm/yr until recent times. This uplift history is corroborated by independent constraints. We predict clastic flux to the Gulf of Mexico and compare it to independent estimates. We tentatively suggest that the loop between uplift, erosion, and deposition can be closed here. Mexico's staged uplift history suggests that its dynamic support has changed during the last 30 Ma.
Morphodynamics of river‐influenced back‐barrier tidal basins: The role of landscape and hydrodynamic settings
Authors: Zhou Z. , Coco G. , Jiménez M. , Olabarrieta M. , van der Wegen M. , Townend I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigate the morphodynamics of river‐influenced barrier basins numerically, with a particular emphasis on the effects of landscape and hydrodynamic settings. The simulated morphologies are qualitatively comparable to natural systems (e.g., tidal inlets along the East Coast of the USA). Model results suggest that the basin morphology is governed by the relative importance of tidal and fluvial forcing which is reflected, to the first‐order approximation, in the ratio (rQ) between the mean tidal and river discharge. In agreement with empirical knowledge, the model indicates that riverine influence can be neglected when rQ is larger than 20. On the other hand, the river may dominate when rQ is smaller than 5. Pronounced differences in morphodynamic evolution are observed for different landscape settings (i.e., initial basin bathymetries and river inflow locations), indicating their fundamental importance in governing the evolution of barrier basins. Model results also show that the addition of a river tends to compensate the flood dominance in the tidal basin. Overall, the river flow has limited influence on the volumetric change of tidal flats, while it plays a more important role in determining the depth of the tidal channels and the size of the ebb delta. The riverine sediment source appears to be more important in shaping the basin morphology when the fluvial forcing is stronger. Finally, we show that the presence of a large river in a tidal inlet system influences the performance of the widely adopted relation between tidal prism and inlet cross‐sectional area.
High‐Performance, Stretchable, Wire‐Shaped Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Tao , Hao Rui , Peng Huisheng , Dai Liming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA general approach toward extremely stretchable and highly conductive electrodes was developed. The method involves wrapping a continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film around pre‐stretched elastic wires, from which high‐performance, stretchable wire‐shaped supercapacitors were fabricated. The supercapacitors were made by twisting two such CNT‐wrapped elastic wires, pre‐coated with poly(vinyl alcohol)/H3PO4 hydrogel, as the electrolyte and separator. The resultant wire‐shaped supercapacitors exhibited an extremely high elasticity of up to 350 % strain with a high device capacitance up to 30.7 F g−1, which is two times that of the state‐of‐the‐art stretchable supercapacitor under only 100 % strain. The wire‐shaped structure facilitated the integration of multiple supercapacitors into a single wire device to meet specific energy and power needs for various potential applications. These supercapacitors can be repeatedly stretched from 0 to 200 % strain for hundreds of cycles with no change in performance, thus outperforming all the reported state‐of‐the‐art stretchable electronics.
Surfing π Clouds for Noncovalent Interactions: Arenes versus Alkenes
Authors: Aliev Abil E. , Arendorf Josephine R. T. , Pavlakos Ilias , Moreno Rafael B. , Porter Michael J. , Rzepa Henry S. , Motherwell William B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA comparative study of molecular balances by NMR spectroscopy indicates that noncovalent functional‐group interactions with an arene dominate over those with an alkene, and that a π‐facial intramolecular hydrogen bond from a hydroxy group to an arene is favored by approximately 1.2 kJ mol−1. The strongest interaction observed in this study was with the cyano group. Analysis of the series of groups CH2CH3, CHCH2, CCH, and CN shows a correlation between conformational free‐energy differences and the calculated charge on the Cα atom of these substituents, which is indicative of the electrostatic nature of their π interactions. Changes in the free‐energy differences of conformers show a linear dependence on the solvent hydrogen bond acceptor parameter β.
A Twist‐Bend Nematic Phase Driven by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Jansze Suzanne M. , Martínez‐Felipe Alfonso , Storey John M. D. , Marcelis Antonius T. M. , Imrie Corrie T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe liquid crystalline phase behavior of 4‐[6‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyl‐4‐yl)hexyloxy]benzoic acid (CB6OBA) and 4‐[5‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyl‐4‐yloxy)pentyloxy]benzoic acid (CBO5OBA) is described. Both acids show an enantiotropic nematic phase attributed to the formation of supramolecular complexes by hydrogen bonding between the benzoic acid units. In addition, CB6OBA provides the first example of hydrogen bonding driving the formation of the twist‐bend nematic phase. The observation of the twist‐bend nematic phase for CB6OBA, but not CBO5OBA, is attributed to the more bent molecular shape of the complexes formed by the former, reinforcing the view that shape is a key factor in stabilizing this new phase. Temperature‐dependent FTIR spectroscopy reveals differences in hydrogen bonding between the two nematic phases shown by CB6OBA which suggest that the open hydrogen‐bonded complexes may play an important role in stabilizing the helical arrangement found in the twist‐bend nematic phase.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Acylsilanes
Authors: Rong Jiawei , Oost Rik , Desmarchelier Alaric , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe highly enantioselective addition of Grignard reagents to acylsilanes is catalyzed by copper diphosphine complexes. This transformation affords α‐silylated tertiary alcohols in up to 97 % yield and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. The competing Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction is suppressed by the use of a mixture of Lewis acid additives. The chiral catalyst can be recovered as a copper complex and used repeatedly without any loss of catalytic activity.
A Mixed Arsenic–Phosphorus Centered Biradicaloid
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMain‐group singlet biradicaloids have been thoroughly investigated in the past two decades, especially derivatives of cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyl. However, in each of the known examples, the radical centers are identical. Therefore, we sought to prepare a mixed dipnictadiazanediyls with P and As bearing the radical character. To achieve this goal, the unprecedented cyclodichloro arsaphosphadiazane [ClP(μ‐NTer)2AsCl] had to be prepared first. Treatment of [ClP(μ‐NTer)2AsCl] with a halide‐abstracting agent led to the novel cyclic cation [P(μ‐NTer)2AsCl]+, while reduction with magnesium afforded the first arsaphosphadiazanediyl [P(μ‐NTer)2As].
High‐Density Display of Protein Ligands on Self‐Assembled Capsules via Noncovalent Fluorous Interactions
Authors: Harano Koji , Yamada Junya , Mizuno Shinichiro , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLigand display on self‐assembled nanostructures is an important tool in generating bioactive materials. Here, we demonstrate the display of sugar and biotin molecules on sub‐100 nm‐sized capsules with a high surface coverage, which was achieved by the use of noncovalent fluorous interactions between a fluorous‐tagged ligand molecule and a fullerene vesicle covered with fluorous chains. Even after the high‐density ligand display and protein binding, the vesicle stably maintains its spherical structure because the fluorous binding of the sugar does not affect the structural integrity of the vesicle that originates from strong fullerene–fullerene interactions.
Forxiga (dapagliflozin): Plausible role in the treatment of diabetes‐associated neurological disorders
Authors: Shaikh Sibhghatulla , Rizvi Syed Mohd. Danish , Shakil Shazi , Riyaz Sania , Biswas Deboshree , Jahan Roshan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNumerous clinical and epidemiological studies have provided direct evidence to strengthen the link between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The possibility that T2D patients might be at increased risk in developing AD has serious societal implications. Sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) is one of the best targets in the treatment of diabetes, whereas acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has long been regarded as a therapeutic target for AD. This study explores the molecular interactions between AChE and SGLT2 with a new US Food and Drug Administration approved antidiabetic drug Forxiga (dapagliflozin) to explore a possible link between the treatments of AD and diabetes. Docking study was performed using “Autodock4.2.” Hydrophobic and cation–π interactions play an important role in the correct positioning of dapagliflozin within the catalytic site (CAS) of SGLT2 and AChE enzymes to permit docking. Free energy of binding (ΔG) of “dapagliflozin–SGLT2” and “dapagliflozin–CAS domain of AChE” interactions was found to be –6.25 and –6.28 kcal/mol, respectively. Hence, dapagliflozin might act as a potent dual inhibitor of SGLT2 and AChE. The results described herein may form the basis of future dual therapy against diabetes‐associated neurological disorders.
Generic Structures of Cytotoxic Liprotides: Nano‐Sized Complexes with Oleic Acid Cores and Shells of Disordered Proteins
Authors: Kaspersen Jørn D. , Pedersen Jannik N. , Hansted Jon G. , Nielsen Søren B. , Sakthivel Srinivasan , Wilhelm Kristina , Nemashkalova Ekaterina L. , Permyakov Sergei E. , Permyakov Eugene A. , Pinto Oliveira Cristiano Luis , Morozova‐Roche Ludmilla A. , Otzen Daniel E. , Pedersen Jan Skov 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe cytotoxic complex formed between α‐lactalbumin and oleic acid (OA) has inspired many studies on protein–fatty acid complexes, but structural insight remains sparse. After having used small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) to obtain structural information, we present a new, generic structural model of cytotoxic protein–oleic acid complexes, which we have termed liprotides (lipids and partially denatured proteins). Twelve liprotides formed from seven structurally unrelated proteins and prepared by different procedures all displayed core–shell structures, each with a micellar OA core and a shell consisting of flexible, partially unfolded protein, which stabilizes the OA micelle. The common structure explains similar effects exerted on cells by different liprotides and is consistent with a cargo off‐loading of the OA into cell membranes.
Umbilical vein thrombosis: to deliver or not to deliver at the time of diagnosis?
Authors: Dussaux Chloé , Picone Olivier , Chambon Guillemette , Tassin Mikael , Martinovic Jelena , Benachi Alexandra , Cordier Anne‐Gaël 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageUmbilical vein thrombosis is a rare anomaly with high mortality that frequently occurs in association with fetomaternal conditions. The unfavorable outcome of our case highlights the need for consensus on severity criteria, including the percentage of vascular occlusion determined by power Doppler, in order to improve outcome.
Putting a new spin: MRI monitoring of hepatic artery and portal vein flow for response to bevacizumab in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Kutaiba Numan , Gow Paul J. , French Janine , Lim Ruth P. 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageOur case report demonstrates the use of phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in monitoring the functional status of liver vasculature in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) who was treated with bevacizumab. Our report provides additional information that can be further utilized in clinical settings and research.
A fatal case of primary cutaneous gamma–delta T‐cell lymphoma complicated by HLH and cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Gibson Juliet Fraser , Kapur Lucy , Sokhn Joseph , Xu Mina , Foss Francine M. 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageGamma–delta T‐cell lymphomas (GD‐TCL) are rare and rapidly fatal neoplasms that are often associated with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a syndrome of fevers, cytopenias, and multiorgan failure that often leads to a rapid death. We report the first case demonstrating an association between GD‐TCL, HLH, and cardiac amyloidosis, presenting a novel mechanism for rapid deterioration in these patients.
Iron–Oxalato Framework with One‐Dimensional Open Channels for Electrochemical Sodium‐Ion Intercalation
Authors: Wang Xianfen , Kurono Ryosuke , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDiscovery of a new class of ion intercalation compounds is highly desirable due to its relevance to various electrochemical devices, such as batteries. Herein, we present a new iron–oxalato open framework, which showed reversible Na+ intercalation/extraction. The hydrothermally synthesized K4Na2[Fe(C2O4)2]3⋅2 H2O possesses one‐dimensional open channels in the oxalato‐bridged network, providing ion accessibility up to two Na+ per the formula unit. The detailed studies on the structural and electronic states revealed that the framework exhibited a solid solution state almost entirely during Na+ intercalation/extraction associated with the reversible redox of Fe. The present work demonstrates possibilities of the oxalato frameworks as tunable and robust ion intercalation electrode materials for various device applications.
Functionalization of Quinoxalines by Using TMP Bases: Preparation of Tetracyclic Heterocycles with High Photoluminescene Quantum Yields
Authors: Nafe Julia , Herbert Simon , Auras Florian , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Bein Thomas , Knochel Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTetracyclic heterocycles that exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields were synthesized by anellation reactions of mono‐, di‐, and trifunctionalized 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines. Thus, treatment of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline with TMPLi (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl) allows a regioselective lithiation in position 5. Quenching with various electrophiles (iodine, (BrCl2C)2, allylic bromide, acid chloride, aryl iodide) leads to 5‐functionalized 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines. Further functionalization in positions 6 and 8 can be achieved by using TMPLi or TMPMgCl⋅LiCl furnishing a range of new di‐ and tri‐functionalized 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines. The chlorine atoms are readily substituted by anellation with 1,2‐diphenols or 1,2‐dithiophenols leading to a series of new tetracyclic compounds. These materials exhibit strong, tunable optical absorption and emission in the blue and green spectral region. The substituted O‐heterocyclic compounds exhibit particularly high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 90 %, which renders them interesting candidates for fluorescence imaging applications.
Brain composition in Godyris zavaleta, a diurnal butterfly, Reflects an increased reliance on olfactory information
Authors: Montgomery Stephen H. , Ott Swidbert R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTInterspecific comparisons of brain structure can inform our functional understanding of brain regions, identify adaptations to species‐specific ecologies, and explore what constrains adaptive changes in brain structure, and coevolution between functionally related structures. The value of such comparisons is enhanced when the species considered have known ecological differences. The Lepidoptera have long been a favored model in evolutionary biology, but to date descriptions of brain anatomy have largely focused on a few commonly used neurobiological model species. We describe the brain of Godyris zavaleta (Ithomiinae), a member of a subfamily of Neotropical butterflies with enhanced reliance on olfactory information. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of sexually dimorphic glomeruli within a distinct macroglomerular complex (MGC) in the antennal lobe of a diurnal butterfly. This presents a striking convergence with the well‐known moth MGC, prompting a discussion of the potential mechanisms behind the independent evolution of specialized glomeruli. Interspecific analyses across four Lepidoptera further show that the relative size of sensory neuropils closely mirror interspecific variation in sensory ecology, with G. zavaleta displaying levels of sensory investment intermediate between the diurnal monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which invests heavily in visual neuropil, and night‐flying moths, which invest more in olfactory neuropil. We identify several traits that distinguish butterflies from moths, and several that distinguish D. plexippus and G. zavaleta. Our results illustrate that ecological selection pressures mold the structure of invertebrate brains, and exemplify how comparative analyses across ecologically divergent species can illuminate the functional significance of variation in brain structure. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:869–891, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular‐Recognition‐Assisted pKa Shifts and Metal‐Ion‐Induced Fluorescence Regeneration in p‐Sulfonatocalix[6]arene‐Encapsulated Acridine
Authors: Jadhav Ankita , Kalyani Vrashali S. , Barooah Nilotpal , Malkhede Dipalee D. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe host–guest interactions of cationic (AcH+) and neutral (Ac) forms of the dye acridine with the macrocyclic host p‐sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SCX6) were investigated by using ground‐state absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence, and NMR measurements. The cationic form undergoes significant complexation with SCX6 (Keq=2.5×104 M−1), causing a sharp decrease in the fluorescence intensity and severe quenching in the excited‐state lifetime of the dye. The strong binding of the AcH+ form of the dye with SCX6 is attributed to ion–ion interactions involving the sulfonato groups (SO3−) of SCX6 and the positively charged AcH+ at pH of approximately 4.3. Whereas, the neutral Ac form of the dye undergoes weak complexation with SCX6 (Keq=0.9×103 M−1) and the binding constant is lowered by one order of magnitude compared with that of the SCX6–AcH+ system. The strong affinity of SCX6 to the protonated form leads to a large upward pKa shift (≈2 units) in the dye. In contrast, strong emission quenching upon SCX6 interaction and the regeneration of fluorescence intensity of the dye in the presence of Gd3+ through competitive binding have also been demonstrated.
Isohexides as Versatile Scaffolds for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Kadraoui Mohammed , Maunoury Thibault , Derriche Zoubir , Guillarme Stéphane , Saluzzo Christine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the use of dianhydrohexitol derivatives as asymmetric ligands in organometallic catalysis or as asymmetric organocatalysts. For that purpose, we highlight two series of derivatives, the first preserving the original bis‐fused THF backbones, and the second originating from single THF ring‐opening reactions. These derivatives have been involved in different asymmetric reactions for the formation of C–H, C–C, C–N, or C–S bonds.