bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Food Prices and Their Associations With Children’s Weight and Food Security
Authors: Morrissey Taryn W. , Jacknowitz Alison , Vinopal Katie 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Both obesity and food insecurity are important public health problems facing young children in the United States. A lack of affordable, healthy foods is one of the neighborhood factors presumed to underlie both food insecurity and obesity among children. We examine associations between local food prices and children’s BMI, weight, and food security outcomes.

METHODS:
We linked data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a nationally representative study of children from infancy to age 5, to local food price data from the Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER) Cost-of-Living Index (n = 11 700 observations). Using ordinary least squares (OLS), linear probability, and within-child fixed effects (FE) models, we exploit the variability in food price data over time and among children who move residences focusing on a subsample of households under 300% of the Federal Poverty Level.

RESULTS:
Results from ordinary least squares and FE models indicate that higher-priced fruits and vegetables are associated with higher child BMI, and this relationship is driven by the prices of fresh (versus frozen or canned) fruits and vegetables. In the FE models, higher-priced soft drinks are associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, higher fast food prices are associated with a greater likelihood of being overweight.

CONCLUSIONS:
Policies that reduce the costs of fresh fruits and vegetables may be effective in promoting healthy weight outcomes among young children.
Friction and wear behavior of a PMMA-SiO2 coating on hardened steel
Authors: Torres-Parga Luis E. , Hernández-Navarro Carolina , Moreno-Bello Karla J. , García-Miranda J.S. , Aguilera-Camacho Luis D. , Lesso-Arroyo Raúl , Arroyo-Ramírez Benjamín , Sánchez-Rodríguez Álvaro 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSol-gel coatings show an excellent chemical stability, oxidation control and enhanced corrosion resistance for metal substrates. An organic-inorganic hybrid consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica (SiO2) was successfully synthesized in the form of solution, by using 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) as a coupling agent and cohydrolyzed with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to afford chemical bondings to the forming silica networks by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized hybrid material was subsequently characterized by Fourier Transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PMMA-SiO2 was applied as a protective film on hardness steel substrates by dip-coating. The thickness of the coating was 25 µm, while the roughness Ra = 0.6 µm. The wear and friction behavior of the coating on hardened steel (HS) was evaluated by a ball-on-disk test in dry conditions with a AISI steel ball as counterface applying 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 N normal loads. Friction coefficient values (µk) were in the range of 0.76 to 0.99, whereas the lowest wear rate (k) was observed at 6N with a value of 1.30x10-4 (mm3(Nm)-1).
Enhanced Structural Behavior of Systems Polypropylene-Carbon Nanotubes in Acidic Medium
Authors: Avalos-Belmontes Felipe , Flores-Godina Miguel , Narro-Cespedes Rosa , Castañeda-Facio Adali , Castañeda-Flores Martha , Tellez-Rosas Maura , Ramos-deValle Luis , Zitzumbo-Guzman Roberto 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the thermal and chemical stability of polypropylene (PP) when subjected to oxidation in a fuming nitric was evaluated. The effect of CNTs on the crystalline morphology and melting and crystallization temperature of PP was studied. The results shown a thermal stability increased markedly; the decomposition temperature, increased from 293°C for pure PP to 320°C for PP with CNTs. The crystallization temperature increased perceptibly in presence of CNTs. The oxidative degradation with nitric acid produced a reduction in molecular weight; however, this negative effect was less pronounced in the PP compositions with carbon nanoparticles. The morphological changes evaluated with X-ray diffraction showed that the alpha type crystallinity remains, irrespective of the nucleating agent, and the intensity ratios between reflections peaks was taken as an indication of an increasing nucleating efficiency.
Effect of Microtubules Hierarchy on Photoinduced Hydrogen Generation and Application to Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Ryuzo Kawamura , Yoshida Ryo , Osada Yoshihito 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral strategies have been explored from viewpoint of biomimetics to accomplish artificial photosynthesis by using macromolecules as a medium such as liposomes, supramolecules, and hydrogels.1 Differing from disordered solution systems in which multiple components such as photosensitizer and catalytic nanoparticle are diffusively mixed, the photochemical reactions occur efficiently in medium due to maintenance of the dipersibility of the components and specific molecular arrangement. Here we attempt to clarify the effect of medium hierarchy for photoinduced electronic transmission among multiple components. By conjugating each component on tubulin and integrating them via self-assembly to microtubules, ideal component arrangements with optimum distance for the electronic transmission will be possible.
Fabrication and characterization of solution-processed carbon nanotube supercapacitors
Authors: Lehtimäki Suvi , Pörhönen Juho , Tuukkanen Sampo , Moilanen Pasi , Virtanen Jorma , Lupo Donald 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the fabrication and characterization of supercapacitors prepared on a flexible substrate using a printable, high-viscosity carbon nanotube (CNT) ink. The CNT-hemicellulose composite ink was prepared using ultrasonication and applied on the substrate with a doctor blade. Aqueous sodium chloride was used as electrolyte. The capacitance of the supercapacitors was 16 mF for a device size of 2 cm2. The measurements were carried out in accordance to an international standard for electric double layer capacitors.
The Truth Behind Subchondral Cysts in Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Audrey Han Xinyun , Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah Bin , Andrew Tan Hwee Chye 
Published: February 2014

Background:Subchondral cysts have always been taught to be one of the cardinal radiological features of knee osteoarthritis but are not well understood. We aimed to evaluate the radiological prevalence and epidemiology of subchondral cysts in patients with knee osteoarthritis to determine if they are truly a cardinal radiological feature.Methods:All patients of a single surgeon with symptoms of knee osteoarthritis were selected for this study. All patients had failed a trial of conservative therapy and were planned for total knee arthroplasty. Patients with symptoms of and documentary evidence of inflammatory arthritis, other neurological and orthopaedic problems causing functional deficits were excluded from this study. A total of 806 plain radiographs were analyzed with the aid of an atlas for the presence of narrowed joint space, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis and subchondral cysts. The radiological prevalence of each feature was then calculated. Demographics and pre-operative measurements were compared between patients with and without radiological evidence of subchondral cysts.Results:Subchondral cysts were only present in 30.6% of the study population. Narrowed joint space was present in 99.5%, osteophytes in 98.1% and subchondral sclerosis in 88.3% of all radiographs. The differences in prevalence were statistically significant. There was a higher proportion of females in patients with radiological evidence of subchondral cysts. These patients also had a greater varus deformity preoperatively.Conclusion:With a radiological prevalence of 30.6%, subchondral cysts should not be considered a cardinal radiological feature of osteoarthritis. Subchondral cysts may be associated with the female gender and genu varum.
Relations Between Psychological Characteristics and Physical Abilities in a Sample of Female Police Candidates
Authors: Dag Kolarević , Raša Dimitrijević , Goran Vučković , Nenad Koropanovski , Milivoj Dopsaj 
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this research was to examine possible relations between basic personality traits and cognitive abilities and basic physical functions in a sample of female candidates studying at Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies (ACPS) in Belgrade. Literature review has shown that this problem has not been sufficiently studied, so it would benefit to gain a deeper insight into understanding of psychophysical functioning. Further contribution would include a better understanding of the nature of mind-body influence. In pragmatic sense, this work should help improve professional orientation and selection tasks in Police education and different profiles of police forces in Serbia.
Samples of 267 female candidates studying at ACPS, aged 18 to 19 were given different personality and cognitive tests. Basic motoric space was covered by seven representative tests.
The data was subjected to correlational analysis. There were few small statistically significant correlation coefficients. Further analysis by canonical correlations analysis has not given statistically significant canonical correlations. There were most significant correlations between contraction and stretching test and psychological characteristics. Those findings lead authors to conclude that this very physical trait in a sample of women is sensitive to psychological influence in case of professional selection.
Current State of Psychiatry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Al Zaben Faten , Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Khalifa Doaa Ahmed , Al Ahwal Mahmoud Shaheen 
Published: February 2014

Background: In 1983, an article and accompanying editorial was published on the state of psychiatry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which was described as “a mental health system in statu nascendi.” Methods: We provide a 30-year update on advances in mental health care in KSA. Data are reported from a wide range of sources, including the 2007 Saudi Arabian Mental and Social Health Atlas, which compares services in KSA with the rest of the world. Results: We examine how the current mental health system operates in KSA, including recent changes in mental healthcare policy and development of a national mental healthcare plan. Discussed are current needs based on the prevalence and recognition of mental disorders; availability of services and providers (psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and social workers); education and training in psychiatry; developments in consultation-liaison, addictions, child-adolescent, and geriatric psychiatry; and progress in mental health research. Conclusions: Mental healthcare in Saudi Arabia has come a long way in a very short time, despite cultural, religious, social, and political challenges, although there still remain areas where improvement is needed. The development of psychiatry in KSA serves as a model for countries in the Middle East and around the world.
Parenting Stress and Dimensions of Parenting Behavior: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Links with Adolescents' Somatization
Authors: Rousseau Sofie , Grietens Hans , Vanderfaeillie Johan , Hoppenbrouwers Karel , Wiersema Jan Roelf , Van Leeuwen Karla 
Published: February 2014

Objective: This study explored direct and indirect associations between adolescents' somatization, parenting stress, and three parenting dimensions (warmth, psychological control, and harsh punishment). First, the associations were explored cross-sectionally. Second, significant cross-sectional links were further examined longitudinally in order to decide upon temporality. Method: A total of 1499 adolescents and one of their parents (mostly the mother) agreed to participate. Questionnaires were administered when the child was respectively 12–13 (T1), 13–14 (T2), and 14–15 (T3) years old. Adolescents reported on their somatization, parents on their parenting behavior and parenting stress. Results: Cross-sectionally, indirect links were found between all parenting dimensions and adolescents' somatization, through parenting stress. Longitudinal examination revealed two key aspects. First, parenting stress significantly predicted somatization. Higher T1 parenting stress was predictive for higher T2 and T3 somatization. When controlled for T1 parenting stress, higher T2 parenting stress (or in other words increased parenting stress at T2) was predictive for lower T3 somatization. Second, parenting stress was found to significantly predict parenting behaviors. Higher T1 parenting stress was predictive for higher T2 and T3 harsh punishment but increased parenting stress at T2 was predictive for lower harsh punishment one year later. Higher T1 parenting stress significantly predicted higher T2 psychological control. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that parenting stress may be a risk factor for the development of somatization in early adolescence. However, in later adolescence, increased parenting stress might be protective.
Sleep Quality among Primary Care Attendees in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Nuhu Folorunsho Tajudeen , Yusuf Abdulkareem Jika , Adeyemi Solomon Olusola , Kalu Aderonke Olawunmi 
Published: February 2014

Objective: To assess sleep quality and its determinants among primary care patients in a Northern Nigerian setting. Methods: We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to 217 consecutive patients attending the General Outpatient Clinic of Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital, Kaduna, and PSQI to 223 age-matched controls to evaluate their sleep quality and levels of anxiety and depression. A data collection sheet was used to record the sociodemographic characteristics of patients and controls, and the clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: The mean ages of all the subjects, patients, and controls were 33.7 ( SD 10.6), 33.5 ( SD 10.6), and 34.0 ( SD 10.5) years respectively; 54.4% of the patients were females, 54.8% were Muslims, 56.2% admitted they had pain, 60.8% and 46.5% had anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively, while 68.7% had poor sleep quality. The mean global score of sleep quality for patients was 9.2 ( SD 3.6) while that of the control was 3.8 ( SD 1.4). The difference was statistically significant ( t = 20.834, P value < 0.001, 95% CI 4.891–5.910). Islamic religious faith, presence of pain, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with poor quality of sleep ( P value < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified being a Muslim (OR 6.422, P value 0.027, 95% CI 0.196–0.907), pain (OR 8.038, P value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.016–0.091), and anxiety symptoms (OR 5.253, P value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.136–0.473) as predictors of poor sleep quality among the patients. Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep is common in primary care patients. Efforts should be made to improve its recognition, identify associated factors, and consider a holistic approach to patients' care.
Physician Wellness in Rural America: A Review
Authors: Haggerty Treah S. , Fields Scott A. , Selby-Nelson Emily M. , Foley Kimberly P. , Shrader Carl D. 
Published: February 2014

Objective: The primary purpose of this article is to review the unique wellness factors that affect physicians practicing in rural communities. Research has indicated that rural communities often struggle to attract and retain primary care physicians and numerous wellness factors impact these attraction/retention rates. Method: Articles selected for inclusion in this review were determined based upon their relevance to rural physicians, overall wellness factors of physicians, and recruitment and retention of physicians in rural communities. Articles were included from peer-reviewed journals focusing upon both medical and psychological perspectives of rural physician wellness factors. Results: Results indicated that rural physicians often have fewer resources, an increased workload, and longer hours when compared to their urban counterparts. These factors contribute to lower job satisfaction, poor retention rates, and decreased physician wellness. Research also demonstrates that physicians who are unwell are more likely to experience substance abuse, depression, relationship difficulties, and general psychological distress. These issues are particularly prominent in rural practice settings and may have significant impact upon rural patients. Conclusion: To date, there are few assessment measures available to assess physician wellness and no evidence-based treatments to address wellness deficits in rural physicians' medical or psychological health. Such resources would have the potential to benefit individual rural physicians and the quality of healthcare they deliver to rural communities. Future research should focus upon the assessment and promotion of rural physician well being, which may improve recruitment and retention of quality physicians to provide optimal care in rural communities.
The Dynamics of Diabetes Among Birth Cohorts in the U.S.
Authors: Fishman Ezra I. , Stokes Andrew , Preston Samuel H. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
Using a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population, we estimated trends in diabetes prevalence across cohorts born 1910–1989 and provide the first estimates of age-specific diabetes incidence using nationally representative, measured data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were from 40,130 nonpregnant individuals aged 20–79 years who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994, and the continuous 1999–2010 NHANES. We defined diabetes as HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or taking diabetes medication. We estimated age-specific diabetes prevalence for the 5-year age-groups 20–24 through 75–79 for cohorts born 1910–1919 through 1980–1989 and calendar periods 1988–1994, 1999–2002, 2003–2006, and 2007–2010. We modeled diabetes prevalence as a function of age, calendar year, and birth cohort, and used our cohort model to estimate age-specific diabetes incidence.

RESULTS
Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence rose by a factor of 4.9 between the birth cohorts of 1910–1919 and 1980–1989. Diabetes prevalence rose with age within each birth cohort. Models based on birth cohorts show a steeper age pattern of diabetes prevalence than those based on calendar years. Diabetes incidence peaks at 55–64 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes prevalence has risen across cohorts born through the 20th century. Changes across birth cohorts explain the majority of observed increases in prevalence over time. Incidence peaks between 55 and 64 years of age and then declines at older ages.
Properties of singlet- and triplet-excited states of hemicyanine dyes
Authors: Mártire Daniel , Massad Walter , Montejano Hernán , Gonzalez Mónica , Caregnato Paula , Villata Laura , García Norman 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields of hemicyanine dyes LDS 698, LDS 722, and LDS 730 were measured in different media. No transient species was detected in the laser flash-photolysis experiments performed with Ar-saturated solutions of the dyes in methanol. However, in the presence of 0.08 M potassium iodide, the absorption of the triplet states was clearly observed. Oxygen consumption measurements in the absence and presence of a chemical trap (furfuryl alcohol) in MeOH: H2O (φ r = 1: 1) solutions of the dyes containing KI confirmed the generation of singlet molecular oxygen.
Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae) microsatellite markers and their utility across the genus
Authors: Van Etten Megan L. , Houliston Gary J. , Mitchell Caroline M. , Heenan Peter B. , Robertson Alastair W. , Tate Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2014

• Premise of the study: Genus‐specific microsatellite markers were developed for Sophora for population genetic and systematic studies of the group in New Zealand, and potentially elsewhere in the geographic range.• Methods and Results: From sequencing a total genomic DNA library (using Roche 454), we identified and developed 29 polymorphic microsatellite markers for S. microphylla and S. chathamica. We tested 12 of these markers on 14 S. chathamica individuals and four S. microphylla populations. All loci amplified in both species and species‐specific alleles occurred at seven loci. In S. microphylla populations, the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000–0.960 and 0.000–0.908, respectively, with alleles per locus ranging from seven to 23.• Conclusions: The developed markers will be valuable in studies of phylogenetics, population structure, mating system, and selection of provenances for restoration projects.
Transformations de l'engagement civique et nouvel art américain de la guerre
Authors: Cusumano Eugenio , Vennesson Pascal 
Published: February 2014

En prenant pour point de départ la relation entre les transformations de la place et du rôle du peuple et la conduite de la guerre conceptualisée par Clausewitz, cet article explore la relation entre la transformation de l’engagement civique et la capacité des États à convertir les ressources sociétales en puissance militaire. Inscrit dans la tradition de recherche réaliste néo-classique qui considère que des facteurs « internes » affectent la réponse des États aux menaces internationales, nous montrons que les transformations de long terme de la participation civique aux États-Unis ont été un élément-clé de l’évolution de l’art américain de la guerre. Les principales caractéristiques des emplois de la force par les États-Unis – une armée professionnelle, un recours majeur à la puissance aérienne de précision, l’utilisation d’alliés locaux et de compagnies militaires et de sécurité privée – sont toutes liées à la nécessité de réduire les sacrifices imposés au peuple américain, sur le plan personnel ou financier, même si l’efficacité stratégique s’en trouve diminuée. Nous montrons que la transformation de l’engagement civique a affecté la capacité à convertir les ressources sociétales en puissance militaire. En retour, cette contrainte a favorisé l’évolution du « format militaire » et le recours à des moyens et à des stratégies militaires qui réduisent l’extraction et la mobilisation des « ressources humaines » et de la richesse pour l’effort de guerre, conduisant à l’avènement progressif d’un art américain de la guerre profondément transformé.
Les enjeux de la professionnalisation des Gardiens de la Paix
Authors: Bordes Véronique 
Published: February 2014

Dans la société actuelle, la police constitue un champ professionnel qui vit des mutations profondes. Au débat qui mettait en regard prévention et répression, se substitue aujourd’hui un autre débat, celui de la logique de résultat renvoyant à une « politique du chiffre ». Le rôle de la police est questionné, voire controversé. L’exercice professionnel, particulièrement délicat, qui se spécifie par un rapport aux situations inédites, implique un processus de professionnalisation qui, commencé en école de police, se poursuit durant la carrière tant cette profession est soumise à l’évolution des contextes sociaux. La professionnalisation des gardiens de la paix, comme tout processus de professionnalisation, suppose la mise en œuvre de pratiques d’évaluation auxquelles s’ajoutent des processus de reconnaissance professionnelle et sociale. Les processus d’évaluation et de reconnaissance professionnelle jouent un rôle spécifique dans le processus de professionnalisation de la police. Aux attributions de valeur crées en formation se greffent des processus de considération émanant de la société. La professionnalisation de la police se situe dans un double regard, interne et externe, cette double approbation étant parfois difficile à vivre. Cet article tente de comprendre les processus de professionnalisation des gardiens de la paix et ses conséquences.