bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway management and ventilation techniques in resuscitation during advanced life support: an update
Authors: Kill Clemens , Manegold Randi Katrin , Fistera David , Risse Joachim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor many years, ventilation has been an essential part of advanced life support (ALS) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nevertheless, there is little evidence about the best method of ventilation during resuscitation for both out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and inhospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients. Effective ventilation is one of the two main keys to successful resuscitation. In this context, the question always arises as to which airway management, along with which ventilation mode, constitutes the best strategy. Conventional ventilation modes are not designed for cardiac arrest and show important limitations that must be considered when used in CPR. Manual ventilation without the use of an automated transport ventilator (ATV) could be shown to be uncontrolled in applied volumes and pressures and should be avoided. Mechanical ventilation with an ATV is therefore superior to manual ventilation, but both volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation modes are significantly influenced by chest compressions. With the newly designed chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV), a special ventilation mode for resuscitation is available. Further research should be conducted to obtain more evidence of the effect of ventilation during CPR on outcomes following OHCA and not only about how to secure the airway for ventilation during CPR.
Molecular Profiling of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (mPTC) on Active Surveillance
Authors: Ramone Teresa , Ghirri Arianna , Prete Alessandro , Matrone Antonio , Ciampi Raffaele , Piaggi Paolo , Scutari Maria , Rago Teresa , Torregrossa Liborio , Romei Cristina , Elisei Rossella , Molinaro Eleonora 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
The active surveillance (AS) program for papillary thyroid carcinoma (≤1 cm) at low risk (mPTC) showed a low percentage of progression.

Objective
The aim of this study was to find a molecular signature of cases that showed disease progression during AS, which would allow their early identification.

Methods
We performed next-generation sequencing of 95 fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from cases prospectively enrolled in the AS program to analyze key somatic driver alterations or gene fusions implicated in PTC tumorigenesis. TERT promoter analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results
BRAF p.V600E was found in 66.3% (63/95) of mPTC and was the most common somatic alteration, followed by RAS oncogene mutations detected in 3.2% of mPTC (3/95: 2 NRAS and 1 KRAS) and gene fusions detected in 3.2% of mPTC (3/95: 1 RET-PTC1, 1 TFG-NTRK1, 1 ALK imbalance). No TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) were found in the analyzed mPTC (84/95). The comparison between the molecular profile and the clinical outcome of the mPTC (stable vs progressive disease) showed no correlation (P = .6) and did not identify a molecular signature able to identify progressive mPTC.

Conclusion
The molecular profile of mPTC is like that of bigger PTC with the exception that none of them showed a TERT promoter mutation. The identification of the most common driver mutations, such as BRAF, RAS, or gene fusions, is not helpful for the early identification of mPTC that will show disease progression during follow-up in the AS program.
Free Cortisol and Free 21-Deoxycortisol in the Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Adriaansen Bas P H , Utari Agustini , Olthaar André J , van der Steen Rob C B M , Pijnenburg-Kleizen Karijn J , Berkenbosch Lizanne , Span Paul N , Sweep Fred C G J , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , van Herwaarden Antonius E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Some patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) survive without glucocorticoid treatment. Increased precursor concentrations in these patients might lead to higher free (biological active) cortisol concentrations by influencing cortisol–protein binding. In 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), the most common CAH form, accumulated 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) may further increase glucocorticoid activity. Both mechanisms could explain the low occurrence of symptoms in some patients with untreated classic CAH.

Objective
Develop and validate a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for free cortisol and free 21DF to quantify these steroids in patients with untreated classic CAH before and after Synacthen administration, and compare these concentrations to concentrations measured in patients with nonclassic CAH (NCCAH), other forms of adrenal insufficiency (AI), and controls.

Methods
An LC-MS/MS method to measure free cortisol and free 21DF was developed and validated. Total and free serum concentrations of both cortisol and 21DF were measured in patients with untreated classic CAH (n = 29), NCCAH (n = 5), AI (n = 3), and controls (n = 11) before and 60 minutes after stimulation with Synacthen.

Results
Unstimulated total cortisol concentrations of patients with untreated classic CAH (median 109 nmol/L) were lower than in patients with untreated NCCAH (249 nmol/L, P = .010) and controls (202 nmol/L, P = .016), but free cortisol concentrations were similar. Basal free 21DF concentrations were high in patients with 21OHD (median 5.32 nmol/L) and undetectable in patients with AI and controls (&lt;0.19 nmol/L). After Synacthen administration, free 21DF concentrations increased in patients with 21OHD, while free cortisol concentrations did not change.

Conclusion
Free cortisol concentrations in patients with classic CAH were similar to those in controls and patients with NCCAH, indicating comparable cortisol availability. Additionally, patients with 21OHD produce high concentrations of 21DF, possibly explaining the low occurrence of symptoms in some patients with classic 21OHD. Free cortisol and 21DF levels should be considered in evaluating adrenal insufficiency in patients with CAH.
Approach to the Patient: Challenging Cases of Pediatric Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Mooij Christiaan F , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Hillebrand Jacquelien J , van Trotsenburg A S Paul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children. However, compared to adults, GD in children is a rare condition. In a recent guideline issued by the European Thyroid Association, the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of pediatric GD is described extensively. In this article, we go beyond the guideline and describe the potential challenges of establishing the right etiology of thyrotoxicosis in children, illustrated by cases of thyroid hormone resistance, autonomous functioning thyroid nodules, and subacute thyroiditis with a thyrotoxic phase. In addition, we report therapeutic challenges in pediatric GD such as recurrent immunological flare-ups under antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment, innovative ways to improve ATD compliance and the role of definitive treatment in persistent complaints of malaise under ATD treatment.
3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Versus 2-Dimensional Video for Distraction During the Induction of Anesthesia in Children to Reduce Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Samnakay Sarah , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. , Evans Daisy , Sommerfield Aine C. , Hauser Neil D. , Bell Emily , Khan R. Nazim , Sommerfield David L. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative anxiety is common in children. It can contribute to negative experiences with anesthetic induction and may cause adverse physiological and psychological effects. Virtual reality (VR) and electronic tablet devices are 2 audiovisual distraction tools that may help to reduce anxiety and enhance the preoperative experience. This study aimed to compare the use of an immersive 3-dimensional (3D) VR to 2-dimensional (2D) video on anxiety in children during induction of general anesthesia.

METHODS:
Two hundred children (4–13 years) undergoing elective or emergency surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, controlled trial. Participants were randomized to use either the 3D VR goggles (intervention) or 2D video tablet (control) during anesthetic induction. Anxiety, the primary outcome, was measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Short Form (mYPAS-SF) at 2 time points: in the preoperative holding area before randomization (T1) and during induction of general anesthesia (T2). The primary outcome was analyzed using a linear regression model, including demographic and other covariates, to investigate any differences in anxiety scores. Secondary outcomes included evaluating compliance during the anesthetic induction (Induction Compliance Checklist), emergence of delirium (Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium), perceived usefulness of the device, and child satisfaction.

RESULTS:
Participant characteristics were similar between the 3D VR (n = 98) and 2D video (n = 90) groups, with a mean (±standard deviation) age 8. 8 ± 2.8 years. The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) mYPAS-SF scores for the 3D VR group at the preoperative holding area were 22.9 (22.9, 35.4), then 29.2 (24.0, 41.7) during induction. For the 2D Video group, the scores were 27.1 (22.9, 35.4) and then 30.2 (22.9, 41.1). No significant difference was observed in the increase in mYPAS-SF scores between groups (P = .672). Children in the 3D VR group were less likely to be rated as having a perfect induction (P = .039). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in emergence delirium. Both devices were rated highly for usefulness and patient satisfaction. Children preferred VR, while anesthesiologists and parents felt the 2D was more useful.

CONCLUSIONS:
This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that preoperative anxiety was equally low and induction compliance high with both 3D VR and 2D video distraction in children with parental presence during anesthetic induction.
Economic Evaluation of ‘Watch and Wait’ Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murshed Ishraq , Bunjo Zachary , Seow Warren , Murshed Ishmam , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Thomas Michelle , Sammour Tarik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Owing to multimodal treatment and complex surgery, locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) exerts a large healthcare burden. Watch and wait (W&W) may be cost saving by removing the need for surgery and inpatient care. This systematic review seeks to identify the economic impact of W&W, compared with standard care, in patients achieving a complete clinical response (cCR) following neoadjuvant therapy for LARC.

Methods
The PubMed, OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were systematically searched from inception to 26 April 2024. All economic evaluations (EEs) that compared W&W with standard care were included. Reporting and methodological quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS), BMJ and Philips checklists. Narrative synthesis was performed. Primary and secondary outcomes were (incremental) cost-effectiveness ratios and the net financial cost.

Results
Of 1548 studies identified, 27 were assessed for full-text eligibility and 12 studies from eight countries (2016–2024) were included. Seven cost-effectiveness analyses (complete EEs) and five cost analyses (partial EEs) utilized model-based (n = 7) or trial-based (n = 5) analytics with significant variations in methodological design and reporting quality. W&W showed consistent cost effectiveness (n = 7) and cost saving (n = 12) compared with surgery from third-party payer and patient perspectives. Critical parameters identified by uncertainty analysis were rates of local and distant recurrence in W&W, salvage surgery, perioperative mortality and utilities assigned to W&W and surgery.

Conclusion
Despite heterogenous methodological design and reporting quality, W&W is likely to be cost effective and cost saving compared with standard care following cCR in LARC.
Clinical Trials Registration PROSPERO CRD42024513874.
Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasound–Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Simultaneous Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Transmural Gallbladder Drainage in Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholecystitis After Unsuccessful Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Hussain Azhar , Kumar Vishnu Charan Suresh , Khan Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn patients considered high risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous gallbladder drainage is traditionally considered first-line treatment option. Recent evidence supports endoscopic gallbladder drainage as a safe and feasible alternate option. We describe a case of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery patient with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis with unsuccessful laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of difficult operative field, underwent successful single-session endoscopic ultrasound–directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound–guided transmural gallbladder drainage at our institution.
Methodik zur virtuellen Systemintegration im industriellen Anlagenbau
Authors: Müller Ralph Klaus 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Nutzung von virtuellen Methoden im Bereich der Inbetriebnahme ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Systemintegration im industriellen Anlagenbau. In diesem Zusammenhang stehen immer weiter vernetzte, produktive Umgebungen, deren Informationsaustausch zwischen Schnittstellenteilnehmern zunehmend auf Informationsmodellen basiert. Die frühzeitige Absicherung und Integration dieser Modelle ist ein komplexer Prozess, der eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise erfordert. In dieser Dissertation wird daher eine Methodik für die Informationsmodell-basierte virtuelle Inbetriebnahme erarbeitet.
Chemometrics for mapping the spatial nitrate distribution on the leaf lamina of fenugreek grown under varying nitrogenous fertilizer doses
Authors: Mahanti Naveen Kumar , Chakraborty Subir Kumar , Pathare Pankaj B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Excess nitrogen fertilizer use leads to vegetables with high amounts of nitrate content. Consumption of vegetables with high amounts of nitrate is carcinogenic to human beings. In this study, fenugreek plants were grown under varying nitrogen fertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 kg N/ha). A Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging (HIS) camera captured images of fenugreek leaves within the 398–1,003 nm spectral range. The spectral data were pre-processed using different pre-processing techniques before the model development. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models were constructed with complete spectral data and selected wavelengths. The performance of the PLSR model decreased with pre-processed spectral data, and there was no significant difference compared to the model constructed with raw spectral data (R
2
CV = 0.915, SECV = 591.933, slope = 0.518 and RPDCV = 1.421). The wavelengths 411, 435, 466, 558, 669, and 720 nm were selected as feature wavelengths for representing nitrate content in fenugreek leaves. The performance of the PLSR model constructed with feature wavelengths (SECV = 648.672; RPDCV = 1.482; R
2
CV = 0.869) was non-significant compared with the model developed with raw complete spectral data (SECV = 591.933; R
2
CV = 0.915 and RPDCV = 1.421). Using the complete raw spectral data, the spatial distribution images of nitrate content in fenugreek leaves indicated that the nitrate content was concentrated near and along the midrib up to the apex. The overall results obtained in the present study suggest that VIS-NIR HSI, along with suitable chemometric techniques, can be used for rapid assessment of nitrate content in fenugreek leaves.
Construction of M-shaped solitons for a modified regularized long-wave equation via Hirota's bilinear method
Authors: Ceesay Baboucarr , Ahmed Nauman , Macías-Díaz Jorge E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the effects of various M-shaped water wave shapes on coastal environments for the modified regularized long-wave equation (MRLWE). This work explores the complex dynamics of sediment transport, erosion, and coastal stability influenced by different wave structures using the Hirota bilinear transformation as a basic analytical tool. By providing insightful information about how these wave patterns impact coastal stability, it seeks to broaden our knowledge of dynamic coastlines. As we explore the intricate interactions between water waves and beaches, the knowledge gained from this research could help direct sustainable coastal management and preservation initiatives. For convenience, a range of M-shaped wave structures are depicted, demonstrating the adaptability of the Hirota bilinear transformation approach in recognizing novel wave patterns. Overall, this work contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of the coastal environment, highlights the wide range of applications for mathematical models in science and engineering, and helps to develop more sensible and practical coastal management and conservation strategies for the protection of coastal areas against changing water wave patterns. Finally, as far as the authors could verify, this is the first work in the literature in which M-shaped soliton solutions are derived for the MRLWE using any method.
Fabrication of ultrafiltration membranes based on methacrylate copolymers containing quaternary ammonium and PEG units for dye removal
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Xue Yunyun , Jiang Yani , Su Qianwei , Sun Tong , Yang Wushang , Qiu Zelin , Zhu Liheng , Fang Lifeng , Zhu Baoku 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phase inversion involves in a complex process due to numerous factors affecting the membrane formation. Among them, polymer chain entanglement from polymeric membrane materials plays a critical role in regulating membrane structure and is still worth further exploration. Herein, a series of methacrylate copolymers with different contents of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) were designed and synthesized, and ultrafiltration membranes cast from these copolymers were systematically investigated regarding structural evolution and filtration performance. Surface zeta potential of membranes gradually transformed from positive to negative with the increasing PEGMA content due to nonsolvent-induced surface migration of element oxygen, and meanwhile the transformation from finger-like pore structure to sponge-like pore structure in the support layer was observed, which could be attributed to chain entanglement of the PEGMA-rich copolymer. Filtration experiments indicated that sponge-like membranes possessed better separation effect of Victoria blue B compared with finger-like membranes, and the optimized mPP40-15 % showed a retention rate of 99.55 % and permeance of 110.26 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and displayed good selective separation of dye/salt mixture. Besides, sponge-like membranes also exhibited easy regeneration, anti-fouling property and filtration stability. This work will provide guidance for modulating membrane structure and offer an alternative material for membrane separation in handling dye wastewater.
In Search of an Electrified Future: The Affective Afterlife of the Extractive Industry in Mitrovica, Kosovo
Authors: Berisha Rozafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article analyses hopes around the promissory potential of mineral resources through the lens of affect. Building on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2018 and 2019 in South Mitrovica in Kosovo, it explores how citizens of a de-industrialised and politically unstable city envision the future around and beyond the extractive potential of the Trepça mine. It does so by examining two encounters with two different modes of electricity – a power cut and New Year lights – as instantiations of the mine’s affective force that evoke the historically specific promise of modernity shaped during Yugoslav socialism. Through the motif of electricity, the article demonstrates how this industrial past orients collective hopes towards an extractive future. Retrospectively shaped, these hopes remain intangible, however, and riddled with doubts, friction, and contestation. Divergent visions, then, attempt to ground a viable future amid the uncertainties triggered by postsocialism, the war and its aftermath, and de-industrialisation.
The Meshwork of Relations in Rijeka’s3. majShipyard: Toward an Anthropological Understanding of Complex Organizations
Authors: Puljar D’Alessio Sanja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study proposes an anthropological approach to understanding the organization of the3. majshipyard in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. The article examines the shipyard through the prism of development attempts and the failed implementation of an effective information system between the 1970s and 2010s. It focuses on analyzing the shipyard’s internal organizational dynamics specifically in relation to the introduction of new technology, as well as its interrelations with external sociopolitical developments and developments in the shipbuilding industry. In order to achieve this, the author presents two kinds of relationships: one serving as an example of the shipyard’s contextual embeddedness in its sociopolitical environment, and the other providing a glimpse into the inner workings of the organization.
A Survey of Resistance Training Practices Among Physique Competitors During Peak Week
Authors: Homer Kai A. , Cross Matt R. , Helms Eric R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Homer, KA, Cross, MR, and Helms, ER. A survey of resistance training practices among physique competitors during peak week. J Strength Cond Res 38(10): 1745–1752, 2024—Physique athletes are ranked by their on-stage presentation of muscle size, proportionality, and leanness. To acutely maximize muscle size, competitors manipulate resistance training (RT) variables in the days before the contest, commonly referred to as peak week (PW). Resistance training manipulations during PW may act synergistically with nutrition strategies such as carbohydrate loading. However, because little information exists on changes made to RT during PW, the purpose of this research was to determine the current practices of physique athletes and whether competitor characteristics were predictive of the RT variables manipulated. A total of 104 responses to the RT section of a survey on PW nutrition and training were analyzed through a series of multiple logistic regression models to examine the relationship between RT manipulations and competitor characteristics. Furthermore, to determine the magnitude of differences between PW and the week before PW (WBPW) for these variables, a McNemar-Bowker test, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted for nominal, continuous, and discrete outcomes, respectively. For all statistical analyses, p <0.05 was deemed significant. Competitors generally adjusted RT in a variety of ways, where proximity-to-failure was the most frequently manipulated and training frequency was the least; however, no competitor characteristic predicted any of the RT variables manipulated. Within those who manipulated RT variables during PW, frequency, volume, and intensity decreased while repetition ranges of compound exercises increased, empirically confirming that competitors seek to reduce training stress during PW. Such findings can be incorporated in future experimental designs examining the efficacy of peaking strategies to enhance the generalizability of results.