bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold and Silver Chains Supported by Linear Hexaphosphine Ligands
Authors: Tanase Tomoaki , Chikanishi Mio , Morita Konomi , Nakamae Kanako , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new linear hexaphosphine, rac‐cis,cis,trans‐ bis{[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphinomethyl]phenylphosphino}methane (P6), was synthesized and isolated as a pure isomer, confirmed by transforming to the corresponding phosphine sulfide. The methylene‐bridged linear hexaphosphine readily organized flexible gold(I) and silver(I) hexanuclear chains, [M6(μ‐P6)2]X6 (X6=(OTf)6, M=Au (1), Ag (2); X6=Cl2(PF6)4, M=Au (3)). The hexaphosphine also supported a tetrasilver(I) complex [Ag4(μ‐P6)2](OTf)4 (4), which was readily transformed by treatment with AgOTf into 3, revealing a drastic alternation of the two P6 arrangement. The hexagold(I) chains exhibited a considerably red‐shifted absorption (∼410 nm) and emission (540–580 nm) to 1[5dσ*→6pσ] and from 3[5dσ*→6pσ] excited states of the metal centers, respectively. The new linear hexaphosphine could be a useful tool to construct linear metal clusters as subnano building blocks.
Imaging characteristics of disseminatedGeosmithia argillaceacausing severe diskospondylitis and meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog
Authors: Kawalilak Lukas T. , Chen Annie V. , Roberts Greg R. 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageA 4‐year‐old male castrated Labrador Retriever presented for severe spinal pain. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of diskospondylitis and meningoencephalomyelitis. Blood culture revealed aGeosmithia argillaceafungal infection afterDNAsequencing, initially misdiagnosed asPenicilliumspecies.Geosmithia argillaceashould be considered as a differential for disseminated fungal diskospondylitis.
Application of Enzyme Coupling Reactions to Shift Thermodynamically Limited Biocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Abu Rohana , Woodley John M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn recent years, much interest has been shown in the use of multi‐enzyme cascades as a tool in organic synthesis. Such enzymatic cascades can provide added value to a synthetic scheme by starting from cheaper raw materials or making more valuable products. Additionally, they can be used to help shift the equilibrium of otherwise thermodynamically unfavourable reactions to give a higher conversion of the target product. By coupling an energetically unfavourable reaction with a more favourable one, the multi‐enzyme cascade mimics the approach taken in nature in metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to combine several engineered enzymes in vitro for the conversion of non‐natural substrates. In this mini‐review we focus on enzyme coupling reactions as a tool to alleviate thermodynamic constraints in synthetically useful biocatalytic reactions. The implications of thermodynamic parameters such as the equilibrium constant on the multi‐enzyme cascades and the conventional methods of equilibrium shifting are also discussed in addition to methods used to estimate such values.
Amidation of Carboxylic Acids with Amines by Nb2O5 as a Reusable Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Ali Md. A. , Siddiki S. M. A. H. , Onodera Wataru , Kon Kenichi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmong 28 types of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts tested, Nb2O5 shows the highest yield for direct amidation of n‐dodecanoic acid with a less reactive amine (aniline). The catalytic amidation by Nb2O5 is applicable to a wide range of carboxylic acids and amines with various functional groups, and the catalyst is reusable. A comparison of the results of the catalytic study and an infrared study of the acetic acid adsorbed on the catalyst suggests that activation of the carbonyl group of the carboxylic acid by Lewis acid sites on Nb2O5 is responsible for the high activity of the Nb2O5 catalyst. Kinetic studies show that Lewis acid sites on Nb2O5 are more water‐tolerant than conventional Lewis acidic oxides (Al2O3, TiO2). In comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for amidation (ZrCl4), Nb2O5 undergoes fewer negative effects from basic additives in the solution, which indicates that Nb2O5 is a more base‐tolerant Lewis acid catalyst than the homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst.
Highly Selective Copper Catalyst Supported on Mesoporous Carbon for the Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde
Authors: Wang Qing‐Nan , Shi Lei , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 18/2015 is provided by the Advanced Energy Materials Group of Dalian University of Technology, P.R. China. The image shows that Cu nanoparticles supported on a mesoporous carbon act as an active catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde with excellent selectivity and in an atom‐economic fashion. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500501.
Si–CNT/rGO Nanoheterostructures as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Anodes
Authors: Xiao Lisong , Sehlleier Yee Hwa , Dobrowolny Sascha , Orthner Hans , Mahlendorf Falko , Heinzel Angelika , Schulz Christof , Wiggers Hartmut 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA robust and electrochemically stable 3D nanoheterostructure consisting of Si nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is developed as an anode material (Si–CNT/rGO) for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). It integrates the benefits from its three building blocks of Si NPs, CNTs, and rGO; Si NPs offer high capacity, CNTs act as a mechanical, electrically conductive support to connect Si NPs, and highly electrically conductive and flexible rGO provides a robust matrix with enough void space to accommodate the volume changes of Si NPs upon lithiation/delithiation and to simultaneously assure good electric contact. The composite material shows a high reversible capacity of 1665 mAh g−1 with good capacity retention of 88.6 % over 500 cycles when cycled at 0.5 C, that is, a 0.02 % capacity decay per cycle. The high‐power capability is demonstrated at 10 C (16.2 A g−1) where 755 mAh g−1 are delivered, thus indicating promising characteristics of this material for high‐performance LIBs.
Incidence and Predictors of Left Ventricular Thrombus After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Anterior ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Driesman Adam , Hyder Omar , Lang Christopher , Stockwell Phillip , Poppas Athena , Dawn Abbott J. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe role of warfarin in anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and dual antiplatelet therapy is unclear. Warfarin may prevent cardioembolic events but significantly increases bleeding in the setting of dual antiplatelet therapy.HypothesisThe incidence of LV thrombus in anterior STEMI patients treated with PCI is low, and clinical predictors might be valuable in determining patients at risk.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single‐center study of 687 consecutive patients with anterior STEMI treated with PCI from 2006 to 2013. Baseline variables were evaluated in 310 patients at high risk for LV thrombus based on echocardiographic criteria. Patients with definite, probable, and no LV thrombus were compared by ANOVA, χ2, or t test where appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsThe incidence of LV thrombus was 15% (n = 47 probable/definite thrombus). Cardiac arrest was the only independent characteristic associated with increased risk of LV thrombus (odds ratio [OR]: 4.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3‐12.7). Trends were observed for a lower risk in cardiogenic shock (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10‐1.05) and aspirin use at baseline (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.17‐1.1). Treatment variables associated with LV thrombus included unfractionated heparin use post‐PCI (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.16‐5.1) and use of balloon angioplasty without stent.ConclusionsIn contemporary practice with primary PCI, definite LV thrombus following anterior STEMI with LV dysfunction is challenging to predict. Further investigation is needed to determine if there is a subset of patients that should be treated with prophylactic warfarin.
Facile Synthesis of Rhodium Icosahedra with Controlled Sizes up to 12 nm
Authors: Choi Sang‐Il , Lee Sujin R. , Ma Cheng , Oliy Bogdan , Luo Ming , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report a facile synthesis of Rh icosahedra with average sizes up to 12.0±0.8 nm through the use of a relatively slow reduction process. By using Rh(acac)3 as a precursor to Rh and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a reducing agent, the reduction kinetics can be manipulated such to promote the formation of twin defects in the Rh nanocrystals. When Rh(acac)3 is replaced by other precursors containing mono‐dentate ligands, single‐crystal Rh nanocrystals are obtained due to the acceleration of reduction rate. By increasing the molecular weight of PVP from 10 000 to 1 300 000, the resulting Rh nanocrystals are transformed from single‐crystal octahedra to multiply twinned icosahedra and stacking‐fault‐lined plates. These results suggest that the successful preparation of Rh icosahedra could be facilitated by varying the binding strength of a ligand to Rh in the precursor and/or the molecular weight of PVP to optimize the reduction kinetics.
A Highly Efficient Red‐Emitting Ruthenium Complex with 3,5‐Difluorophenyl Substituents
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Fei Teng , Ma Yuguang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFive 3,5‐difluorophenyl‐substituted ruthenium complexes [Ru(bpy)2(dfpbpy)(ClO4)2] (Ru‐Fbpy‐bpy; bpy=bipyridine, dfpbpy=5,5′‐di(3,5‐difluorophenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine), [Ru(dpp)2(dfpbpy)(ClO4)2] (Ru‐Fbpy‐dpp; dpp=4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), [Ru(dpp)2(dfpphen)(ClO4)2] (Ru‐Fphen‐dpp; dfpphen=5,5′‐di(3,5‐difluorophenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline), [Ru(dpp)2(4,7‐dfpphen)(ClO4)2] (Ru‐Fdpp‐dpp; 4,7‐dfpphen=4,7‐di(3,5‐difluorophenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline), and [Ru(4,7‐dfpphen)3(AsF6)2] (Ru‐Fdpp) were synthesized, and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties were studied systematically. The introduction of the electron‐withdrawing group 3,5‐difluorophenyl leads to a redshift of the emission of the ruthenium complexes. In addition, the 3,5‐difluorophenyl substituent extends the π conjugation of the ligand, and thus facilitates the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer process of the complexes. All the complexes display orange‐red phosphorescent emissions centered at 638, 638, 624, 614, and 605 nm, respectively. Density functional theory calculations show that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of Ru‐Fbpy‐dpp, Ru‐Fphen‐dpp, and Ru‐Fdpp‐dpp are all distributed on the 3,5‐difluorophenyl‐substituted ligand. By using these complexes as emitters, highly luminescent single‐layer devices are obtained. The optimized device based on Ru‐Fdpp exhibits the highest luminous efficiency and power efficiency of 4.19 cd A−1 and 1.46 lm W−1, respectively.
Photocrystallographic, Spectroscopic, and Calorimetric Analysis of Light‐Induced Linkage NO Isomers in [RuNO(NO2)2­(pyridine)2OH]
Authors: Kostin Gennadiy A. , Borodin Alexander O. , Mikhailov Artem A. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Kolesov Boris A. , Pishchur Denis P. , Woike Theo , Schaniel Dominik 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThrough photocrystallography at T = 80 K, light‐induced linkage isonitrosyl NO isomers (κO‐bound) are detected and refined in the complex fac‐[RuNO(NO2)2Py2OH]·H2O (Py = pyridine) after irradiation with light in the blue spectral range. The infrared and Raman spectra reveal the downshift of the ν(NO), ν(Ru–NO), and δ(Ru–N–O) vibrations by 120–150 cm–1 upon photoexcitation. Furthermore, the infrared spectrum show a significant downshift of the νas(NO2) and νs(NO2) bands by ca. 10 cm–1 but without any isomerization of the NO2 ligands. Furthermore, the downshifts of the ν(Ru–O–H) and δ(Ru–O–H) vibrational modes show the trans influence of the NO isomer on the OH ligand. The populations of the isonitrosyl isomer determined (66–75 % at λ = 443–445 nm) by all three techniques (X‐ray crystallography, IR and Raman spectroscopy) agree well. Such a high population of the isonitrosyl structure is visible in the photodifference map. The activation parameters Ea = 63.9 ± 1 kJ/mol and k0 = (1.8 ± 0.1) × 1013 s–1 of the reverse transition were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The second metastable state (side‐on κ2NO mode) was generated by a two‐step irradiation with blue light followed by irradiation with light in the near‐infrared spectral range (980 nm) and identified through its characteristic NO stretching vibration at $\tilde {\nu}$ = 1592 and 1600 cm–1.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,5‐Epoxybenzo[f][1,4]oxazepines by Tandem Reaction of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and Salicylaldehydes
Authors: Shi Yinping , Yu Xing , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReadily available 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were converted into α‐imino carbenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of rhodium(II) salts. The carbenes underwent a tandem reaction with salicylaldehydes to provide a series of functionalized 2,5‐epoxybenzo[f][1,4]oxazepines in high yields.
Role of peripheral sigma‐1 receptors in ischaemic pain: Potential interactions with ASIC and P2X receptors
Authors: Kwon S.G. , Roh D.H. , Yoon S.Y. , Choi S.R. , Choi H.S. , Moon J.Y. , Kang S.Y. , Kim H.W. , Han H.J. , Beitz A.J. , Oh S.B. , Lee J.H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe role of peripheral sigma‐1 receptors (Sig‐1Rs) in normal nociception and in pathologically induced pain conditions has not been thoroughly investigated. Since there is mounting evidence that Sig‐1Rs modulate ischaemia‐induced pathological conditions, we investigated the role of Sig‐1Rs in ischaemia‐induced mechanical allodynia (MA) and addressed their possible interaction with acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and P2X receptors at the ischaemic site.MethodsWe used a rodent model of hindlimb thrombus‐induced ischaemic pain (TIIP) to investigate their role. Western blot was performed to observe changes in Sig‐1R expression in peripheral nervous tissues. MA was measured after intraplantar (i.pl.) injections of antagonists for the Sig‐1, ASIC and P2X receptors in TIIP rats or agonists of each receptor in naïve rats.ResultsSig‐1R expression significantly increased in skin, sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia at 3 days post‐TIIP surgery. I.pl. injections of the Sig‐1R antagonist, BD‐1047 on post‐operative days 0–3 significantly attenuated the development of MA during the induction phase, but had no effect on MA when given during the maintenance phase (days 3–6 post‐surgery). BD‐1047 synergistically increased amiloride (an ASICs blocker)‐ and TNP‐ATP (a P2X antagonist)‐induced analgesic effects in TIIP rats. In naïve rats, i.pl. injection of Sig‐1R agonist PRE‐084 alone did not produce MA; but it did induce MA when co‐administered with either an acidic pH solution or a sub‐effective dose of αβmeATP.ConclusionPeripheral Sig‐1Rs contribute to the induction of ischaemia‐induced MA via facilitation of ASICs and P2X receptors. Thus, peripheral Sig‐1Rs represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischaemic pain.
Pattern of gonadal differentiation and development up to sexual maturity in the frogs, Microhyla ornata and Hylarana malabarica: A comparative study
Authors: Mali Prajakta Vijay , Gramapurohit Narahari Prabhakar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTGonadogenesis was studied in Microhyla ornata (Family: Microhylidae) and Hylarana malabarica (Family: Ranidae) up to sexual maturity. Indifferent gonads of M. ornata directly differentiated into either testes or ovaries while those of H. malabarica differentiated into ovaries in all the individuals followed by testicular differentiation in males through an ovarian phase. In some tadpoles of M. ornata, formation of a central cavity at Gosner stage 27 marked ovary differentiation while meiosis was initiated at stage 29. Folliculogenesis was evident at stage 39. Vitellogenesis was initiated in females 9 months post‐metamorphosis that attained maturity around 11 months after the completion of metamorphosis. Gonads of males with uniformly distributed germ and somatic cells remained undifferentiated until stage 41. Germ and somatic cells reorganized into seminiferous cords at stage 42. One month after completing metamorphosis, testes contained seminiferous tubules while those of 3 months old males exhibited all spermatogenic stages. In H. malabarica, germ cells entry into meiosis marked ovary differentiation at stage 29 while, ovarian cavity was discernable around stage 35. Post‐metamorphosis, ovaries of 1–6 month old females contained pre‐diplotene oocytes. Females were immature even 1 year after the completion of metamorphosis. In all the tadpoles, ovaries with central cavity and meiocytes were present up to the completion of metamorphosis. Gonads of prospective males displayed an obliterating ovarian cavity along with degenerating oocytes at the end of metamorphosis. Germ and somatic cells reorganized into seminiferous cords in males 3 months after the completion of metamorphosis. Testes of 4 months old males exhibited distinct seminiferous tubules while those of 6 months old exhibited meiosis. All spermatogenic stages were observed in testes of 9 months old males indicating maturity. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 666–678, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction: A systematic review comparing outcomes of dilatation, botulinum toxin injection, and myotomy
Authors: Kocdor Pelin , Siegel Eric R. , Tulunay‐Ugur Ozlem E. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesCricopharyngeal dysfunction may lead to severe dysphagia and aspiration. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing studies on the effectiveness of myotomy, dilatation, and botulinum toxin (BoT) injection in the management of cricopharyngeal dysphagia.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to identify eligible studies by using the terms “cricopharyngeal dysfunction,” “cricopharyngeal myotomy,” “cricopharyngeal botox,” “cricopharyngeal dilation,” and their combinations from 1990 to 2013. This was supplemented by hand‐searching relevant articles. Eligible articles were independently assessed for quality by two authors. Statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe database search revealed 567 articles. Thirty‐two articles met eligibility criteria and were further evaluated. The reported success rates of BoT injections was between 43% and 100% (mean = 76%), dilation 58% and 100% (mean = 81%), and myotomy 25% and 100% (mean = 75%). In logistic regression analysis of the patient‐weighted averages, the 78% success rate with myotomy was significantly higher than the 69% success rate with BoT injections (P = .042), whereas the intermediate success rate of 73% with dilation was not significantly different from that of either myotomy (P = .37) or BoT (P = .42). There was a statistically significant difference between endoscopic and open myotomy success rates (P = .0025). Endoscopic myotomy had a higher success rate, with a 2.2 odds ratio.ConclusionsThe success rate of myotomy is significantly higher than the success rate of BoT injections in cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Moreover, endoscopic myotomy was found to have a higher success rate compared to open myotomy.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 126:135–141, 2016
Charge correlations in cobaltates La2–xSrx CoO4
Authors: Guo H. , Schmidt W. , Tjeng L. H. , Komarek A. C. 
Published: September 2015

We report on an elastic neutron scattering study of the charge correlations in La2–xSrx CoO4 with x = 1/3, 0.4 and 0.5. We found that the checkerboard charge ordering correlations present in the x = 0.5 sample persist in the x = 0.4 and 1/3 materials. These checkerboard charge ordering correlations are robust and explain the occurrence of nano‐phase separation in layered cobaltates for Sr‐concentrations away from half‐doping. The half‐integer reflections then arise from the nanometer‐sized hole‐rich regions (blue areas in title figure) instead of the undoped ones (red areas in title figure). The appearance of nano‐phase separation is an important ingredient for understanding the formation of hour‐glass shaped magnetic excitation spectra in La2–xSrx CoO4.
Nano‐phase separation in La2–xSrx CoO4 (schematically). Red areas: undoped La2CoO4 islands, blue areas: checkerboard charge ordered regions; black, green and blue balls represent nonmagnetic Co3+ ions, magnetic Co2+ ions and oxygen ions, respectively; green arrows indicate Co2+ spins [1, 2].magnified imageNano‐phase separation in La2–xSrx CoO4 (schematically). Red areas: undoped La2CoO4 islands, blue areas: checkerboard charge ordered regions; black, green and blue balls represent nonmagnetic Co3+ ions, magnetic Co2+ ions and oxygen ions, respectively; green arrows indicate Co2+ spins [1, 2].(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Memory Function of the B Cell Antigen Receptor
Authors: Wienands Jürgen , Engels Niklas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Activated B lymphocytes preserve their antigen experience by differentiating into long-lived pools of antibody-secreting plasma cells or various types of memory B cells (MBCs). The former population constantly produces serum immunoglobulins with sufficient specificity and affinity to thwart infections with recurrent pathogens. By contrast, memory B cell populations retain their antigen receptors on the cell surface and hence need pathogen-induced differentiation steps before they can actively contribute to host defense. The terminal differentiation of MBCs into antibody-secreting plasma cells is hallmarked by the absence of the lag phase characteristic for primary antibody responses. Moreover, secondary antibody responses are predominantly driven by MBCs that bear an antigen receptor of the IgG class on their surface although IgM-positive memory populations exist as well. These fundamental principles of B cell memory were enigmatic for decades. Only recently, we have begun to understand the underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of how different subpopulations of MBCs are generated during primary immune responses and how their functional heterogeneity on antigen recall is controlled by different signaling capabilities of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) isotypes and by the nature of the antigen.
Polio revisited: Reviving knowledge and skills to meet the challenge of resurgence
Authors: Joseph Benjamin , Watts Hugh 
Published: September 2015

Purpose To date, polio has not been eradicated and there appears to be a resurgence of the disease. Hence, there is a need to revive decision-making skills to treat the effects of polio. Methods Here, we outline the aspects of treatment of paralysis following polio based on the literature and personal experience of the authors. The surgical treatment of the lower and upper extremities and the spine have been reviewed. The scope of bracing of the lower limb has been defined. Results The effects of polio can be mitigated by judicious correction of deformities, restoration of muscle balance, stabilising unstable joints and compensating for limb length inequality. Conclusions As polio has not been eradicated and there is a risk of resurgence of the disease, paediatric orthopaedic surgeons need to be prepared to deal with fresh cases of polio. Revival of old techniques for managing the effects of paralysis following polio is needed.