bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lycopene supplementation modulates plasma concentrations and epididymal adipose tissue mRNA of leptin, resistin andIL-6in diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Luvizotto Renata de Azevedo Melo , Nascimento Andre F. , Imaizumi Erika , Pierine Damiana T. , Conde Sandro J. , Correa Camila R. , Yeum Kyung-Jin , Ferreira Ana Lucia A. 
Published: May 2013

Obesity is characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation, and lycopene has been reported to display anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether lycopene supplementation modulates adipokine levelsin vivoin obesity. To determine whether lycopene supplementation can regulate adipokine expression in obesity, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C,n6) or a hyperenergetic diet (DIO,n12) for 6 weeks. After this period, the DIO animals were randomised into two groups: DIO (n6) and DIO supplemented with lycopene (DIO+L,n6). The animals received maize oil (C and DIO) or lycopene (DIO+L, 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) per d) by oral administration for a 6-week period. The animals were then killed by decapitation, and blood samples and epididymal adipose tissue were collected for hormonal determination and gene expression evaluation (IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1),TNF-α, leptin and resistin). There was no detectable lycopene in the plasma of the C and DIO groups. However, the mean lycopene plasma concentration was 24 nmol in the DIO+L group. Although lycopene supplementation did not affect BW or adiposity, it significantly decreased leptin, resistin andIL-6gene expression in epididymal adipose tissue and plasma concentrations. Also, it significantly reduced the gene expression ofMCP-1in epididymal adipose tissue. Lycopene affects adipokines by reducing leptin, resistin and plasma IL-6 levels. These data suggest that lycopene may be an effective strategy in reducing inflammation in obesity.
Reconsidering theAuctoritasof Augustus
Authors: Rowe Gregory 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRes Gestae34.3 (‘auctoritate omnibus praestiti’) is conventionally taken to reflect Augustus' conception of the fundamental nature of his rule, and a great deal of attention has consequently been given to the wordauctoritas. But no other source repeats this idea or gives weight toauctoritas. The passage is best understood as alluding to a specific event, probably Octavian's becomingprinceps senatusin 28b.c.
Cs-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Dislocation Core Configurations at a SrTiO3/MgO Heterogeneous Interface
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Song Chengyu , Minor Andrew M. , Wang Haiyan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHeterostructures and interfacial defects in a 40-nm-thick SrTiO3 (STO) film grown epitaxially on a single-crystal MgO (001) were investigated using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis. The interface of STO/MgO was found to be of the typical domain-matching epitaxy with a misfit dislocation network having a Burgers vector of ½ aSTO ⟨100⟩. Our studies also revealed that the misfit dislocation cores at the heterogeneous interface display various local cation arrangements in terms of the combination of the extra-half inserting plane and the initial film plane. The type of the inserting plane, either the SrO or the TiO2 plane, alters with actual interfacial conditions. Contrary to previous theoretical calculations, the starting film planes were found to be dominated by the SrO layer, i.e., a SrO/MgO interface. In certain regions, the starting film planes change to the TiO2/MgO interface because of atomic steps at the MgO substrate surface. In particular, four basic misfit dislocation core configurations of the STO/MgO system have been identified and discussed in relation to the substrate surface terraces and possible interdiffusion. The interface structure of the system in reverse—MgO/STO—is also studied and presented for comparison.
Riding in cars with boys: Elinor Ostrom's adventures with the police
Authors: BOETTKE PETER , PALAGASHVILI LIYA , LEMKE JAYME 
Published: May 2013

Abstract:More than 40 years ago, Elinor Ostrom began her adventures with the police. In order to combat the conventional view that ‘bigger means better’, Ostrom pioneered a fieldwork-based framework for measuring police services that utilized consumer surveys and thereby created a community-centered model of analysis for public services. In this paper, we contend that although Ostrom's career demonstrated the importance of employing multiple methods, her most enduring contributions and legacy came from on-the-ground research. Her case studies and fieldwork proved to be necessary for examining complex systems beyond the state–market dichotomy, and these methods of analysis should be defended as critical for inquiry into the variety of institutional arrangements.
Teachers' Perceptions of Adolescent Females With Voice Disorders
Authors: Zacharias Stephanie R. C. , Kelchner Lisa N. , Creaghead Nancy 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' attitudes toward, and perceptions of personality traits of, female adolescents who presented with voice disorders.

Method
For this comparative study consisting of a 25-item web-based semantic differential survey, teachers rated voice recordings of 4 female adolescents (considered normophonic, mildly, moderately, and severely dysphonic, respectively) on 18 personality traits and 6 teacher attitude parameters. A flyer with a link to the survey was distributed via e-mail to teachers at 8 middle and high schools in Ohio.

Results
Thirty-two teachers completed the survey. Results revealed differences in teachers' perceptions of female adolescents with a normal voice compared to those with voice disorders.

Conclusion
Adolescent female students with voice disorders may be at risk for academic, social, and vocational difficulties. These results highlight and support the need to inform teachers, speech-language pathologists, students, and families about the potential for subtle biases and negative perceptions of students with voice disorders by teachers. Furthermore, teaching self-advocacy to students who have voice disorders may help them obtain an optimal education experience.
Severe Speech Sound Disorders: An Integrated Multimodal Intervention
Authors: King Amie M. , Hengst Julie A. , DeThorne Laura S. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose

: This study introduces an integrated multimodal intervention (IMI) and examines its effectiveness for the treatment of persistent and severe speech sound disorders (SSD) in young children. The IMI is an activity-based intervention that focuses simultaneously on increasing the
quantity
of a child's meaningful productions of target words and providing supports to shape the
quality
of natural speech productions of target sounds by systematically incorporating the full range of each child's communicative repertoire, including augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems and natural speech and language.

Method
: A multiple-probe single-subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of the IMI for 3 boys (ages 4 to 8) with moderate to severe SSD, all of whom used speech-generating AAC.

Results
: All 3 participants demonstrated an increase in the amount of speech they produced (i.e., quantity) and an increase in the production accuracy of their target speech sounds (i.e., quality).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that simultaneously targeting natural speech and AAC speech using an integrated multimodal approach was effective in producing positive changes in both communication and speech production goals. These findings strongly suggest that integrating multimodal speech-generating AAC with traditional speech intervention was effective at supporting natural speech production for these children.
Morphological Awareness Intervention With Kindergartners and First- and Second-Grade Students From Low Socioeconomic Status Homes: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Apel Kenn , Brimo Danielle , Diehm Emily , Apel Lynda 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
The effect of a morphological awareness intervention on the morphological awareness and literacy skills of students from low socioeconomic status homes was investigated.

Method

A 9-week intervention designed to increase awareness of affixes and the relations between base words and their inflected and derived forms was conducted with students in kindergarten (
n
=  19), 1st grade (
n
=  21), and 2nd grade (
n
=  21). Groups of 4–5 students were provided with instruction 4 times a week for 25 min a day.

Results

Results showed medium to very large clinically significant gains in morphological awareness and literacy abilities (
d
s  =  0.29–2.96) across all participants.

Conclusion
The results of this feasibility study suggest that morphological awareness instruction that requires students to analyze, recognize, orally produce, and determine the spelling patterns of multimorphemic words leads to therapeutic effects within a population of young students who are at risk for future reading difficulties. Initial clinical implications, limitations of the study, and research suggestions are discussed.
Orbital Floor Reconstruction with Free Flaps after Maxillectomy
Authors: Sampathirao Leela Mohan C. S. R. , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Duraisamy Sriprakash , Hedne Naveen , Sharma Mohit , Mathew Jimmy , Iyer Subramania 
Published: May 2013

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of orbital floor reconstruction with free flaps after maxillectomy. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive patients who underwent maxillectomy with orbital floor removal for malignancies, reconstructed with free flaps. A cross-sectional survey to assess the functional and esthetic outcome was done in 28 patients who were alive and disease-free, with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Results Twenty-six patients had bony reconstruction, and eight had soft tissue reconstruction. Free fibula flap was the commonest flap used ( n = 14). Visual acuity was normal in 86%. Eye movements were normal in 92%. Abnormal globe position resulted in nine patients. Esthetic satisfaction was good in 19 patients (68%). Though there was no statistically significant difference in outcome of visual acuity, eye movement, and patient esthetic satisfaction between patients with bony and soft tissue reconstruction, more patients without bony reconstruction had abnormal globe position ( p = 0.040). Conclusion Free tissue transfer has improved the results of orbital floor reconstruction after total maxillectomy, preserving the eye. Good functional and esthetic outcome was achieved. Though our study favors a bony orbital reconstruction, a larger study with adequate power and equal distribution of patients among the groups would be needed to determine this. Free fibula flap remains the commonest choice when a bony reconstruction is contemplated.
Finite Element Analysis Comparison of Plate Designs in Managing Fractures Involving the Mental Foramen
Authors: Mahathi Neralla , Azariah Emmanuel , Ravindran C. 
Published: May 2013

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to propose an ideal plating design for fractures running through the mental foramen.MethodsThe study compared three plating designs—two four-hole miniplates, 2 × 2-hole three-dimensional (3D) plate, and modified 2 × 2-hole 3D plate (posterior strut removed)—using finite element analysis. Von Mises stresses generated around the plates and bone were measured, as well as the mobility that is generated between the fracture fragments by applying muscle forces to generate bite force in one test and applying a force of 500 N over the premolars and first molar region in the second test.ResultsVon Mises stress in bone with miniplates measured 9.24 MPa in test 1 and 131.99 MPa in test 2. The stress with unmodified 3D plates measured 34.9 MPa in test 1 and150.03 MPa in test 2. The stress with modified 3D plates measured 24.98 MPa in test 1 and 150.59 MPa in test 2. Von Mises stress on the plates and screws measured 28.23 MPa, 95.97 MPa, 72.93 MPa in test 1 and 458.63 MPa, 779.01 MPa, 742.39 MPa in test 2 on miniplates, unmodified 3D plates, and modified 3D plates, respectively. The fracture mobility generated in the model with miniplates measured 0.001 mm in test 1 and 0.01 mm in test 2 and 0.007 mm and 0.02 mm in the model with unmodified 3D plates in test 1 and in test 2, respectively. In the model with modified 3D plates, the value was 0.001 mm and 0.01 mm in tests 1 and 2, respectively.ConclusionThe ideal plate design is the two-plate technique with minimal stress generation on the bone and the hardware. The modified 3D plate has adequate strength to be used in the region but needs to be studied in detail.
Pointwise confidence intervals for a survival distribution with small samples or heavy censoring
Authors: Fay Michael P. , Brittain Erica H. , Proschan Michael A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We propose a beta product confidence procedure (BPCP) that is a non-parametric confidence procedure for the survival curve at a fixed time for right-censored data assuming independent censoring. In such situations, the Kaplan–Meier estimator is typically used with an asymptotic confidence interval (CI) that can have coverage problems when the number of observed failures is not large, and/or when testing the latter parts of the curve where there are few remaining subjects at risk. The BPCP guarantees central coverage (i.e. ensures that both one-sided error rates are no more than half of the total nominal rate) when there is no censoring (in which case it reduces to the Clopper–Pearson interval) or when there is progressive type II censoring (i.e. when censoring only occurs immediately after failures on fixed proportions of the remaining individuals). For general independent censoring, simulations show that the BPCP maintains central coverage in many situations where competing methods can have very substantial error rate inflation for the lower limit. The BPCP gives asymptotically correct coverage and is asymptotically equivalent to the CI on the Kaplan–Meier estimator using Greenwood’s variance. The BPCP may be inverted to create confidence procedures for a quantile of the underlying survival distribution. Because the BPCP is easy to implement, offers protection in settings when other methods fail, and essentially matches other methods when they succeed, it should be the method of choice.
Future Cereal Starch Bioengineering: Cereal Ancestors Encounter Gene Technology and Designer Enzymes
Authors: Blennow Andreas , Jensen Susanne L. , Shaik Shahnoor S. , Skryhan Katsiaryna , Carciofi Massimiliano , Holm Preben B. , Hebelstrup Kim H. , Tanackovic Vanja 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe importance of cereal starch production worldwide cannot be overrated. However, the qualities and resulting values of existing raw and processed starch do not fully meet future demands for environmentally friendly production of renewable, advanced biomaterials, functional foods, and biomedical additives. New approaches for starch bioengineering are needed. In this review, we discuss cereal starch from a combined universal bioresource point of view. The combination of new biotechniques and clean technology methods can be implemented to replace, for example, chemical modification. The recently released cereal genomes and the exploding advancement in whole genome sequencing now pave the road for identifying new genes to be exploited to generate a multitude of completely new starch functionalities directly in the cereal grain, converting cereal crops to production plants. Newly released genome data from cereal ancestors can potentially allow for the reintroduction of cereal traits including, for example, health‐promoting carbohydrates that may have been lost during domestication. Raw materials produced in this manner can be processed by clean enzyme‐assisted techniques or thermal treatment in combination to further functionalize or stabilize the starch polymers. Importantly, such products can be multifunctional in the sense of combined food/material or food/pharma purposes, for example, edible plastics, shape memory materials, and cycloamylose carriers and stabilizers for diverse bioactives.
Characterization of the LOV1-Mediated, Victorin-Induced, Cell-Death Response with Virus-Induced Gene Silencing
Authors: Gilbert Brian M. , Wolpert Thomas J. 
Published: May 2013

Accepted 11 April 2013. Victoria blight, caused by Cochliobolus victoriae, is a disease originally described on oat and recapitulated on Arabidopsis. C. victoriae pathogenesis depends upon production of the toxin victorin. In oat, victorin sensitivity is conferred by the Vb gene, which is genetically inseparable from the Pc2 resistance gene. Concurrently, in Arabidopsis, sensitivity is conferred by the LOCUS ORCHESTRATING VICTORIN EFFECTS1 (LOV1) gene. LOV1 encodes a nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein, a type of protein commonly associated with disease resistance, and LOV1 “guards” the defense thioredoxin, TRX-h5. Expression of LOV1 and TRX-h5 in Nicotiana benthamiana is sufficient to confer victorin sensitivity. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to characterize victorin-induced cell death in N. benthamiana. We determined that SGT1 is required for sensitivity and involved in LOV1 protein accumulation. We screened a normalized cDNA library and identified six genes that, when silenced, suppressed LOV1-mediated, victorin-induced cell death and cell death induced by expression of the closely related RPP8 resistance gene: a mitochondrial phosphate transporter, glycolate oxidase, glutamine synthetase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the P- and T-protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex. Silencing the latter four also inhibited cell death and disease resistance mediated by the PTO resistance gene. Together, these results provide evidence that the victorin response mediated by LOV1 is a defense response.
Predictors of Survival from Perioperative Cardiopulmonary Arrests
Authors: Ramachandran Satya Krishna , Mhyre Jill , Kheterpal Sachin , Christensen Robert E. , Tallman Kristen , Morris Michelle , Chan Paul S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background:
Perioperative cardiopulmonary arrests are uncommon and little is known about rates and predictors of in-hospital survival.

Methods:
Using the Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation national in-hospital resuscitation registry, we identified all patients aged 18 yr or older who experienced an index, pulseless cardiac arrest in the operating room or within 24 h postoperatively. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge, and the secondary outcome was neurologically intact recovery among survivors. Multivariable logistic regression models using generalized estimating equation models were used to identify independent predictors of survival and neurologically intact survival.

Results:
A total of 2,524 perioperative cardiopulmonary arrests were identified from 234 hospitals. The overall rate of survival to discharge was 31.7% (799/2,524), including 41.8% (254/608) for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, 30.5% (296/972) for asystole, and 26.4% (249/944) for pulseless electrical activity. Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia were independently associated with improved survival. Asystolic arrests occurring in the operating room and postanesthesia care unit were associated with improved survival when compared to other perioperative locations. Among patients with neurological status assessment at discharge, the rate of neurologically intact survival was 64.0% (473/739). Prearrest neurological status at admission, patient age, inadequate natural airway, prearrest ventilatory support, duration of event, and event location were significant predictors of neurological status at discharge.

Conclusion:
Among patients with a perioperative cardiac arrest, one in three survived to hospital discharge, and good neurological outcome was noted in two of three survivors.
Interleukin‐17 Immunity in Pediatric Crohn Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hölttä Veera , Klemetti Paula , Salo Harri M. , Koivusalo Antti , Pakarinen Mikko , Westerholm‐Ormio Mia , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Vaarala Outi 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The present understanding of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis mainly relies on studies of adult patients. Therefore, we studied the balance between T‐effector and regulatory cells in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.Methods:Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry served to quantify the expression of immunological markers in mucosal biopsies and flow cytometry analysis was used in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results:Colonic interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐22, and IL‐6 mRNA upregulation and increase in the number of colonic IL‐17+ cells were demonstrated in both Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Likewise, colonic forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) mRNA expression and the number of colonic FOXP3+ cells were increased both in CD and in UC and were accompanied in CD also with increased numbers of FOXP3+CD25highCD4 cells in peripheral blood. Ileal relation of IL‐17+/CD4+ cells was increased only in CD.Conclusions:We showed activation of colonic IL‐17/IL‐22 axis and upregulation of FOXP3 to occur both in pediatric CD and in UC, indicating shared immunological characteristics. Upregulation of IL‐17 was restricted to colon in UC, but existed in the ileum and in the colon in active CD.
Effect of Infant and Follow‐on Formulas Containing B lactis and Galacto‐ and Fructo‐oligosaccharides on Infection in Healthy Term Infants
Authors: Bocquet Alain , Lachambre Emmanuelle , Kempf Christian , Beck Laurence 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (B lactis) alone or with 90% galacto‐oligosaccharide (GOS) and 10% fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) on infections in infants.Methods:In a multicenter trial, healthy, term, newborn infants ages 42 days or younger whose mothers had decided not to breast‐feed beyond this age received infant and follow‐on formulas containing B lactis (107 colony‐forming units/g) + GOS/FOS (0.4 g/100 mL, intention‐to‐treat, n = 261) or B lactis alone (107 colony‐forming units/g, intention‐to‐treat, n = 267). Investigators accessed computer‐generated randomization sequences via a remote server. Infants were exclusively fed formulas until 4 to 6 months of age and along with complementary feeding thereafter up to 12 months. The primary outcome was the mean number of annual infections reported by the investigators. Secondary outcomes were mean gains in anthropometric measurements, frequency of antibiotic use, and occurrence of adverse events based on investigators' records at each visit and gastrointestinal tolerance (daily stool frequency and consistency) and volume of formula intake recorded in 6‐day diaries by parents.Results:Mean ± standard deviation infection rates in infants followed up to 12 months (full analysis set) were 4.9 ± 3.2 per infant per year in the B lactis + GOS/FOS group (n = 219) and 4.5 ± 3.0 per infant per year in the B lactis group (n = 220; analysis of variance, P = 0.18). Mean daily weight gain was slightly lower in the B lactis + GOS/FOS than the B lactis group (16.1 ± 2.9 vs 16.6 ± 2.6 g/day, P = 0.046), but was not clinically significant. Other outcomes were not significantly different between groups.Conclusions:Formulas containing B lactis + GOS/FOS did not reduce infection rates beyond those containing only B lactis.