bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WZ Sge-type dwarf novae
Authors: Kato Taichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have summarized the current understanding and recently obtained findings about WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. We also reviewed the historical development of the understanding of these objects, provided the modern criteria, and reviewed the past research in relation to superhumps, early superhumps, and the outburst mechanism. We regard the presence of early superhumps (reflecting the 2:1 resonance) and long or multiple rebrightenings as the best distinguishing properties of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. We provided the updated list of nearly 100 WZ Sge-type dwarf novae mainly based on the data obtained by the VSNET Collaboration up to Kato et al. (2015, PASJ, 67, 105), and discussed the statistics. We could detect early superhumps with amplitude larger than 0.02 mag in 63% of the studied WZ Sge-type dwarf novae, which makes early superhumps a useful distinguishing feature for WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. Theoretical light curves of early superhumps generally appear to reproduce the existence of many low-amplitude objects, supporting the geometrical origin of early superhumps. Using the recently developed method of measuring mass ratios using developing phase of superhumps (stage A superhumps), we showed that there is a linear relation between the period variation of superhumps and the mass ratio in WZ Sge-type objects. By using this relation, we were able to draw an evolutionary picture of a large number of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae and identified the type of outburst to be an evolutionary sequence: type C → D → A → B → E, with some outliers for type-B objects. The duration of stage A (evolutionary phase) of superhumps is also well correlated with the estimated mass ratios. By using mass ratios from stage A superhumps and the duration of stage A, we have been able to identify the best candidates for period bouncers.
Serial Casting for Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Radiographic Outcomes and Factors Associated With Response to Treatment
Authors: Iorio Justin , Orlando Giuseppe , Diefenbach Chris , Gaughan John P. , Samdani Amer F. , Pahys Joshua M. , Betz Randal R. , Cahill Patrick J. 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Serial casting for early-onset scoliosis has been shown to improve curve deformity. Our goal was to define clinical and radiographic features that determine response to treatment.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with idiopathic infantile scoliosis with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Inclusion criteria were: progressive idiopathic infantile scoliosis and initial casting before 6 years of age. Two groups were analyzed and compared: group 1 (≥10-degree improvement in Cobb angle from baseline) and group 2 (no improvement).

Results:
Twenty-one patients with an average Cobb angle of 48 degrees (range, 24 to 72 degrees) underwent initial casting at an average age of 2.1 years (range, 0.7 to 5.4 y). Average follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 2 to 6.9 y). Sex, age at initial casting, magnitude of spinal deformity, and curve flexibility (defined as change in Cobb angle from pretreatment to first in-cast radiograph) were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05). Group 1 had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than group 2 at the onset of treatment (17.6 vs. 14.8, P<0.05). Univariate analysis of demographic, radiographic, and treatment factors revealed that only BMI was predictive of Cobb improvement (P=0.04; odds ratio=2.38). Group 1 (n=15) had a significantly lower Cobb angle (21 vs. 56 degrees) and rib vertebral angle difference (13 vs. 25 degrees) compared with group 2 at latest follow-up (P<0.05). A significantly larger proportion of children who were casted at less than 1.8 years of age had a Cobb angle <20 degrees at latest follow-up (P=0.03). Group 2 maintained stable clinical and radiograph parameters from pretreatment to most recent follow-up.

Conclusions:
To maintain a homogeneous cohort, we excluded patients with syndromes and developmental delays. We believe that analyzing a homogeneous group provides more meaningful results than if we studied a heterogeneous sample. BMI was significantly associated with outcome such that for each unit increase in BMI, there is a 2.38× increase in the chance of improvement. Curve flexibility was similar between groups, which suggest that the amount of correction obtained at initial casting does not confirm treatment success. Key aspects of treatment that may determine success include age of less than 1.8 years at initiation of casting and derotation of the spine to correct rib vertebral angle difference of <20 degrees.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—Therapeutic.
Plasticity-Driven Self-Organization under Topological Constraints Accounts for Non-Random Features of Cortical Synaptic Wiring
Authors: Miner Daniel , Triesch Jochen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and dynamics of cortical connectivity is vital to understanding cortical function. Experimental data strongly suggest that local recurrent connectivity in the cortex is significantly non-random, exhibiting, for example, above-chance bidirectionality and an overrepresentation of certain triangular motifs. Additional evidence suggests a significant distance dependency to connectivity over a local scale of a few hundred microns, and particular patterns of synaptic turnover dynamics, including a heavy-tailed distribution of synaptic efficacies, a power law distribution of synaptic lifetimes, and a tendency for stronger synapses to be more stable over time. Understanding how many of these non-random features simultaneously arise would provide valuable insights into the development and function of the cortex. While previous work has modeled some of the individual features of local cortical wiring, there is no model that begins to comprehensively account for all of them. We present a spiking network model of a rodent Layer 5 cortical slice which, via the interactions of a few simple biologically motivated intrinsic, synaptic, and structural plasticity mechanisms, qualitatively reproduces these non-random effects when combined with simple topological constraints. Our model suggests that mechanisms of self-organization arising from a small number of plasticity rules provide a parsimonious explanation for numerous experimentally observed non-random features of recurrent cortical wiring. Interestingly, similar mechanisms have been shown to endow recurrent networks with powerful learning abilities, suggesting that these mechanism are central to understanding both structure and function of cortical synaptic wiring.Author SummaryThe problem of how the brain wires itself up has important implications for the understanding of both brain development and cognition. The microscopic structure of the circuits of the adult neocortex, often considered the seat of our highest cognitive abilities, is still poorly understood. Recent experiments have provided a first set of findings on the structural features of these circuits, but it is unknown how these features come about and how they are maintained. Here we present a neural network model that shows how these features might come about. It gives rise to numerous connectivity features, which have been observed in experiments, but never before simultaneously produced by a single model. Our model explains the development of these structural features as the result of a process of self-organization. The results imply that only a few simple mechanisms and constraints are required to produce, at least to the first approximation, various characteristic features of a typical fragment of brain microcircuitry. In the absence of any of these mechanisms, simultaneous production of all desired features fails, suggesting a minimal set of necessary mechanisms for their production.
Comparison of the crystal structures of 4,4′-bis[3-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl]-1,1′-biphenyl and 4,4′-bis[3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl]-1,1′-biphenyl
Authors: Wan Anqi , Penthala Narsimha Reddy , Fifer E. Kim , Parkin Sean , Crooks Peter A. 
Published: September 2015

As part of a comprehensive program to discover α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, the title compounds C30H36N2, (I), and C36H48N2, (II), were synthesized by coupling 4,4′-bis(3-bromoprop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl with 4-methylpiperidine and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, respectively, in acetonitrile at room temperature. In compound (I), the biphenyl system has a twisted conformation with a dihedral angle of 26.57 (6)° between the two phenyl rings of the biphenyl moiety, while in compound (II), the biphenyl moiety sits on a crystallographic inversion centre so the two phenyl rings are exactly coplanar. The terminal piperidine rings in both compound (I) and compound (II) are in the chair conformation. In compound (I), the dihedral angles about the ethynyl groups between the planes of the phenyl rings and the piperidine ring N atoms are 37.16 (16) and 14.20 (17)°. In compound (II), the corresponding dihedral angles are both 61.48 (17)°. There are no noteworthy intermolecular interactions in (I), but in (II) there is a small π-overlap between inversion-related molecules (1 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z), with an interplanar spacing of 3.553 (3) Å and centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.859 (4) Å.
The importance of university facilities for student satisfaction at a Norwegian University
Authors: Hanssen Thor-Erik Sandberg , Solvoll Gisle 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the influence of higher education institution (HEI) facilities on overall student satisfaction, and to identify the distinct facilities that most strongly influence student overall satisfaction with HEI facilities.

Design/methodology/approach
– A tailor-made questionnaire is developed to measure student perception about student life, including their perceptions about the facilities at the HEI they attend. Two econometric models are estimated using OLS regression analysis.

Findings
– The factor that most strongly influences student satisfaction with university facilities is the quality of its social areas, auditoriums and libraries. Conversely, it is determined that computer access on campus does not influence student satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample includes data only from a single university. Moreover, only Norwegian students at the university participated in the survey.

Practical implications
– Based on our findings, the most effective strategy to improve student overall satisfaction with the facilities at an HEI is to improve the quality of social areas, auditoriums and libraries. Such a strategy will result in students who are more satisfied with the HEI they are attending and, thereby, increase the HEI’s chances of long-term success.

Originality/value
– To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the facilities that most strongly influence the overall satisfaction of students with the facilities at HEIs.
Drawing the boundary lines of science education
Authors: Hallström Jonas 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how the Swedish Association of Biology Teachers (ABT) and some other subject associations helped form pre-service biology teacher education in two major Swedish reforms from ca. 1960 to 1990.Design/methodology/approach– The activities of subject associations can be understood as boundary-work since they defend their subject boundaries in terms of content, space in the timetable, and legitimacy. A hermeneutic method of text interpretation is employed in analyzing historical archival and parliamentary material.Findings– The work of the ABT to demarcate their subject in the 1968 and 1988 Teacher Education Reforms may seem like merely defending certain biological items instead of others, in the name of science. However, it was also a professional struggle to assert the importance of the teachers, their jobs, education, knowledge of biology subject matter, and thereby their professional authority and autonomy. The ABT were also caught in a political struggle for their subject throughout the period of investigation. Depending on the political winds of the time they therefore had to ally themselves with or distance themselves from various actors.Originality/value– In comparison with the few other studies of subject associations, this paper is unique in outlining how the ABT acted in relation to teacher education. However, the ways of doing boundary-work were still very similar to those used by subject associations in schools in other countries, especially in acting for increased study time in their respective science subjects as well as their resistance to subject integration. An obvious conclusion regarding teacher education is that subject associations such as the ABT did not contribute to bridging the gap between subject matter and pedagogy but rather the opposite. Biology teacher education was seen as an academic pursuit carried out at universities rather than at the practically oriented teacher training colleges.
Employees as performers in knowledge intensive firms: role of knowledge sharing
Authors: Iqbal Salman , Toulson Paul , Tweed David 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of specific human resource management (HRM) practices on knowledge sharing behaviour among employees of knowledge intensive firms (KIFs).Design/methodology/approach– Based on previous literature, a model is proposed for the study and hypotheses are formulated. The cross-sectional data set comes from a sample of 390 employees of 19 KIFs. Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model and the research model was tested using structural equation modelling.Findings– The results suggest that collaborative HRM practices have a direct positive effect on employees’ knowledge sharing behaviour. Surprisingly, the authors find that employees’ knowledge sharing behaviour is independent of reward systems and employees’ recognition. The authors suggest that organisational learning environments based on collaborative HRM practices can help employees’ knowledge sharing behaviour and improve the capability of both individual and organisational capability.Research limitations/implications– Knowledge-sharing behaviour is examined using specific HRM practices. Findings should be confirmed using a larger sample, as well as through longitudinal study.Practical implications– This study will be beneficial for researchers, practitioners, scholars, organisational leaders and employees. It will also be helpful for those interested in organisational structure and relationships across organisations in knowledge context.Originality/value– This study makes a valuable contribution, given that there is a lack of empirical studies of this nature focusing on the South-East Asian region. The findings are more interesting given that the current study is based on employees’ perceptions.
Measurement and validation of online financial service quality (OFSQ)
Authors: Roy Sanjit Kumar , Balaji M S 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The role of service quality in fostering the growth of online financial services has received much attention in the academic and practitioner communities. In this context the purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying dimensions of perceived service quality in the online financial services context and develop a scale for measuring online financial service quality (i.e. OFSQ).

Design/methodology/approach
– The present study anchors in Grönroos’s (1984) service quality model and DeLone and McLean’s (2003) information systems (IS) success model in developing a multidimensional multi-item scale for measuring OFSQ. Accepted scale development method was employed to identify the OFSQ dimensions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to analyze the data.

Findings
– OFSQ consists of five dimensions which are convenience quality, functionality, interaction quality, information quality, and image quality. The OFSQ scale exhibits adequate degree of validity and reliability.

Practical implications
– OFSQ instrument developed in this study enable service managers to accurately measure service quality and benchmark it to competitors that could help the service provider to improve their service performance level. These findings will provide the managers with a bird’s eye view of the levers for improving and managing the perceived quality of the online financial services in customer’s minds.

Originality/value
– The contribution of this study lies in the identification of perceived service quality dimensions in the online financial services context by integrating two theoretical models, i.e. Grönroos’s (1984) service quality model and DeLone and McLean’s (2003) IS success model.
The ubiquitous jazz metaphor: thoughts from a jazz musician and management educator
Authors: Dennis Noel 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a viewpoint about how the jazz metaphor can be applied to marketing/management education, in light of the article by Holbrook (2015).Design/methodology/approach– This commentary examines the jazz metaphor from the author’s perspective as a jazz musician and management educator and hopefully provides the reader with a brief snapshot into the intricate workings of a jazz group. This commentary also investigates the lessons to be learned from Miles Davis’s approach to leadership and innovation.Findings– The jazz group can provide a valuable model for modern organisations. The core competencies of a successful jazz group, e.g. collaboration, trust, dialogue and innovation can be employed to bring about a culture of creativity within an organisation.Research limitations/implications– It may be possible to extend the jazz metaphor and investigate how different aspects of business practice could be aligned with particular genres of jazz.Originality/value– This commentary expands on Holbrook’s discussion of the marketing manager as Jazz musician and provides examples of how these metaphors can be used in order to augment the marketing/management learning material to offer alternative perspectives to the learning communities and enhance the pedagogical practice
Sequence capture of ultraconserved elements from bird museum specimens
Authors: McCormack John E. , Tsai Whitney L.E. , Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew DNA sequencing technologies are allowing researchers to explore the genomes of the millions of natural history specimens collected prior to the molecular era. Yet, we know little about how well specific next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques work with the degraded DNA typically extracted from museum specimens. Here, we use one type of NGS approach, sequence capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), to collect data from bird museum specimens as old as 120 years. We targeted 5060 UCE loci in 27 western scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma californica) representing three evolutionary lineages that could be species, and we collected an average of 3749 UCE loci containing 4460 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Despite older specimens producing fewer and shorter loci in general, we collected thousands of markers from even the oldest specimens. More sequencing reads per individual helped to boost the number of UCE loci we recovered from older specimens, but more sequencing was not as successful at increasing the length of loci. We detected contamination in some samples and determined that contamination was more prevalent in older samples that were subject to less sequencing. For the phylogeny generated from concatenated UCE loci, contamination led to incorrect placement of some individuals. In contrast, a species tree constructed from SNPs called within UCE loci correctly placed individuals into three monophyletic groups, perhaps because of the stricter analytical procedures used for SNP calling. This study and other recent studies on the genomics of museum specimens have profound implications for natural history collections, where millions of older specimens should now be considered genomic resources.
Nine new species ofDimophorafromAustralia (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae): new insights on the distribution of a poorly known genus of parasitoid wasps
Authors: Klopfstein Seraina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractParasitoid wasps fulfil a vital role in all terrestrial ecosystems as natural enemies of spiders and insects, including many agricultural pests. Despite their value in biological control, even the most basic knowledge of species diversity is missing for large parts of the world, includingAustralia. The ichneumonid genusDimophora(Cremastinae) was previously known from eight extant species that, with the exception of theNeotropicalDimophora daschi Gauld, were all believed to occur only in theNorthernHemisphere. Here, 11 species of this genus are reported for the first time fromAustralia, nine of which are described as new (D. biquadran. sp.,D. diabolican. sp.,D. kentmartinin. sp.,D. lutulentan. sp.,D. migrosin. sp.,D. ocellatan. sp.,D. ryhsin. sp.,D. ruficollisn. sp.andD. turistan. sp.). The two remaining species,D. nitens(Gravenhorst) andD. evanialis(Gravenhorst), also occur in theHolarctic region; their presence inAustralia might thus reflect recent invasions. However, as the current study illustrates, our knowledge of ichneumonid diversity is far too patchy in most regions of the world to draw sound conclusions about biogeographical patterns. Phylogenetic analyses are needed to decide whether the surprisingly high diversity ofDimophorainAustralia is due to a recent radiation, if it indicates that this is its centre of origin, or if it simply reflects a relict distribution of the genus. In any case, the doubling of the number of species of this rare genus demonstrates the need for taxonomic studies on parasitoid wasps inAustralia.
Attitudes of Australian dermatologists to the use and safety of topical corticosteroids in paediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Smith Saxon D , Lee Andrew , Blaszczynski Alex , Fischer Gayle 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis is a common paediatric dermatological condition. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are central to treatment, but non‐adherence leads to poor outcomes and treatment failure. Parents commonly cite TCS phobia as an obstacle to treatment adherence. Dermatologists play a key role as clinician educators around the use, safety and efficacy of TCS.ObjectivesTo assess dermatologists' attitudes towards and experiences of the use and safety of TCS in managing paediatric atopic dermatitis (pAD).MethodsAll 455 practicing Australasian College of Dermatologists fellows in Australia were surveyed either when attending the May 2014 annual scientific meeting or via two subsequent emails. The survey assessed their attitudes towards the use and safety of TCS in treating pAD.ResultsOf 198 completed surveys, nearly all responders prescribed potent or super‐potent TCS to treat pAD. The most common TCS side‐effect cited by over two‐thirds of respondents was peri‐orificial dermatitis. Most stated that pharmacists were the most common source of misinformation leading to TCS phobia. Of the respondents, 75% strongly agreed that TCS do not cause skin atrophy when used appropriately and under clinical supervision. Furthermore, 77% agreed or strongly agreed that the words ‘use sparingly’ should be removed from pharmacist labels on TCS prescriptions.ConclusionsDermatologists manage pAD with potent or super‐potent TCS. Pharmacists are cited as the main contributor of misinformation leading to TCS phobia, supporting the removal of the words ‘use sparingly’ from prescription TCS. Most dermatologists believe TCS do not cause skin atrophy when used appropriately in pAD.