bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du paysagement diffus à la condensation économique du paysage (1) : la valorisation de fragments urbains pétersbourgeois
Authors: Mager Christophe 
Published: May 2014

Où est le paysage dans la ville, quand le paysage est partout ? Qu’est-ce qui fait paysage quand des « hommes sans qualités » – au sens de Robert Musil – se retrouvent projetés dans une ville inconnue (Saint-Pétersbourg) ? Qu’est-ce qui fait paysage quand un géographe (Laurent Matthey) et un économiste (Christophe Mager) se posent la question au gré de leurs pratiques de ville, toujours un peu imprégnées d’un savoir disciplinaire ? Ces questions qui relèvent de l’ontologie (de quoi parle le paysage ?), de l’épistémologie (comment penser le paysage ?) et de la politique (que fait-on collectivement quand on produit de la valeur paysagère). Nous avons néanmoins cherché à y répondre pratiquement : 1) en recourant à un principe méthodologique qui tient tout autant du transect paysager (il s’agissait de traverser la ville) que de la dérive situationniste (il s’agissait de traverser la ville dans tous les sens), 2) en usant d’une médiation technique (un téléphone portable dit intelligent) susceptible d’introduire un double effet de cadrage et de mise à distance et, 3) en définissant quelques contraintes formelles élémentaires (un dialogue réflexif et critique ancré dans des savoirs disciplinaires et des sensibilités distincts ; un jeu de rôle puisque le géographe radicalisera le côté impressionniste de ses notations, tandis que l’économiste accentuera l’appréhension de la réalité au travers de catégories aprioriques).
Du paysagement diffus à la condensation économique du paysage (2) : la valeur de l’ordinaire
Authors: Matthey Laurent 
Published: May 2014

Où est le paysage dans la ville, quand le paysage est partout ? Qu’est-ce qui fait paysage quand des « hommes sans qualités » – au sens de Robert Musil – se retrouvent projetés dans une ville inconnue (Saint-Pétersbourg) ? Qu’est-ce qui fait paysage quand un géographe (Laurent Matthey) et un économiste (Christophe Mager) se posent la question au gré de leurs pratiques de ville, toujours un peu imprégnées d’un savoir disciplinaire ? Ces questions qui relèvent de l’ontologie (de quoi parle le paysage ?), de l’épistémologie (comment penser le paysage ?) et de la politique (que fait-on collectivement quand on produit de la valeur paysagère). Nous avons néanmoins cherché à y répondre pratiquement : 1) en recourant à un principe méthodologique qui tient tout autant du transect paysager (il s’agissait de traverser la ville) que de la dérive situationniste (il s’agissait de traverser la ville dans tous les sens), 2) en usant d’une médiation technique (un téléphone portable dit intelligent) susceptible d’introduire un double effet de cadrage et de mise à distance et, 3) en définissant quelques contraintes formelles élémentaires (un dialogue réflexif et critique ancré dans des savoirs disciplinaires et des sensibilités distincts ; un jeu de rôle puisque le géographe radicalisera le côté impressionniste de ses notations, tandis que l’économiste accentuera l’appréhension de la réalité au travers de catégories aprioriques).
Increased Peripheral IL-4 Leads to an Expanded Virtual Memory CD8+ Population
Authors: Kurzweil Vanessa , LaRoche Ami , Oliver Paula M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells can arise even in the absence of overt Ag stimulation. Virtual memory (VM) CD8+ T cells are CD8+ T cells that develop a memory phenotype in the periphery of wild-type mice in an IL-15–dependent manner. Innate CD8+ T cells, in contrast, are memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells that develop in the thymus in response to elevated thymic IL-4. It is not clear whether VM cells and innate CD8+ T cells represent two independent T cell lineages or whether they arise through similar processes. In this study, we use mice deficient in Nedd4-family interacting protein 1 to show that overproduction of IL-4 in the periphery leads to an expanded VM population. Nedd4-family interacting protein 1−/− CD4+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-4 due to a defect in JunB degradation. This IL-4 induces a memory-like phenotype in peripheral CD8+ T cells that includes elevated expression of CD44, CD122, and Eomesodermin and decreased expression of CD49d. Thus, our data show that excess peripheral IL-4 is sufficient to cause an increase in the VM population. Our results suggest that VM and innate CD8+ T cells may be more similar than previously appreciated.
Steady-State Antigen Scavenging, Cross-Presentation, and CD8+ T Cell Priming: A New Role for Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hirosue Sachiko , Vokali Efthymia , Raghavan Vidya R. , Rincon-Restrepo Marcela , Lund Amanda W. , Corthésy-Henrioud Patricia , Capotosti Francesca , Halin Winter Cornelia , Hugues Stéphanie , Swartz Melody A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Until recently, the known roles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in immune modulation were limited to directing immune cell trafficking and passively transporting peripheral Ags to lymph nodes. Recent studies demonstrated that LECs can directly suppress dendritic cell maturation and present peripheral tissue and tumor Ags for autoreactive T cell deletion. We asked whether LECs play a constitutive role in T cell deletion under homeostatic conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that murine LECs under noninflamed conditions actively scavenge and cross-present foreign exogenous Ags to cognate CD8+ T cells. This cross-presentation was sensitive to inhibitors of lysosomal acidification and endoplasmic reticulum–golgi transport and was TAP1 dependent. Furthermore, LECs upregulated MHC class I and the PD-1 ligand PD-L1, but not the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, or CD86, upon Ag-specific interactions with CD8+ T cells. Finally, Ag-specific CD8+ T cells that were activated by LECs underwent proliferation, with early-generation apoptosis and dysfunctionally activated phenotypes that could not be reversed by exogenous IL-2. These findings help to establish LECs as APCs that are capable of scavenging and cross-presenting exogenous Ags, in turn causing dysfunctional activation of CD8+ T cells under homeostatic conditions. Thus, we suggest that steady-state lymphatic drainage may contribute to peripheral tolerance by delivering self-Ags to lymph node–resident leukocytes, as well as by providing constant exposure of draining peripheral Ags to LECs, which maintain tolerogenic cross-presentation of such Ags.
S100A4 and Uric Acid Promote Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Induction of IL-10+/IDO+ Lymphocytes
Authors: Eisenbacher Judith Luiza , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Kaltenmeier Christof , Rojewski Markus Thomas , Yildiz Tatjana , Beyer Thamara , Erle Alexander , Wiegmann Denis Sebastian , Grassl Stefan , Hang Regina , Körper Sixten , Wiesneth Markus , Lotze Michael T. , Lotfi Ramin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Simple stress or necrotic cell death with subsequent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) is a characteristic feature of most advanced tumors. DAMPs within the tumor microenvironment stimulate tumor-associated cells, including dendritic cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The presence of tumor-infiltrating MSCs is associated with tumor progression and metastasis. Oxidized necrotic material loses its stimulatory capacity for MSCs. As a DAMP, S100A4 is sensitive to oxidation whereas uric acid (UA) acts primarily as an antioxidant. We tested these two biologic moieties separately and in combination for their activity on MSCs. Similar to necrotic tumor material, S100A4 and UA both dose-dependently induced chemotaxis of MSCs with synergistic effects when combined. Substituting for UA, alternative antioxidants (vitamin C, DTT, and N-acetylcysteine) also enhanced the chemotactic activity of S100A4 in a synergistic manner. This emphasizes the reducing potential of UA being, at least in part, responsible for the observed synergy. With regard to MSC proliferation, both S100A4 and UA inhibited MSCs without altering survival or inducing differentiation toward adipo-, osteo-, or chondrocytes. In the presence of S100A4 or UA, MSCs gained an immunosuppressive capability and stably induced IL-10– and IDO-expressing lymphocytes that maintained their phenotype following proliferation. We have thus demonstrated that both S100A4 and UA act as DAMPs and, as such, may play a critical role in promoting some aspects of MSC-associated immunoregulation. Our findings have implications for therapeutic approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment and addressing the immunosuppressive nature of unscheduled cell death within the tumor microenvironment.
KIR/HLA Interactions Negatively Affect Rituximab- but Not GA101 (Obinutuzumab)-Induced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Terszowski Grzegorz , Klein Christian , Stern Martin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells is regulated by inhibitory killer cell Ig–like receptors (KIRs), which interact with target cell HLA class I. We analyzed how KIR/HLA interactions influence ADCC induced by rituximab and by GA101, a novel type II CD20 Ab glycoengineered for increased FcgRIII binding and ADCC capacity. We found that KIR/HLA interactions strongly and selectively inhibit rituximab-induced in vitro ADCC toward target cells expressing cognate HLA KIR ligands. NK cells of donors carrying all three ligands to inhibitory KIR showed weak activation and target cell depletion capacity when incubated with rituximab and KIR-ligand matched target B cells. In contrast, NK cells from individuals missing one or more KIR ligands activated more strongly and depleted KIR ligand–matched target B cells more efficiently in the presence of rituximab. NK cells expressing a KIR for which the ligand was absent were the main effectors of ADCC in these donors. Notably, the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on NK cell activation was synergistic with the effect of the V158F FCGR3A single nucleotide polymorphism. In contrast, GA101 induced activation of NK cells irrespective of inhibitory KIR expression, and efficiency of target cell depletion was not negatively affected by KIR/HLA interactions. These data show that modification of the Fc fragment to enhance ADCC can be an effective strategy to augment the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs by recruiting NK cells irrespective of their inhibitory KIR expression.
Critical Role for the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Grailer Jamison J. , Canning Bethany A. , Kalbitz Miriam , Haggadone Mikel D. , Dhond Rasika M. , Andjelkovic Anuska V. , Zetoune Firas S. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The inflammasome is a key factor in innate immunity and senses soluble pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns as well as biological crystals (urate, cholesterol, etc.), resulting in expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Using a standard model of acute lung injury (ALI) in mice featuring airway instillation of LPS, ALI was dependent on availability of NLRP3 as well as caspase-1, which are known features of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The appearance of IL-1β, a product of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in a macrophage- and neutrophil-dependent manner. Neutrophil-derived extracellular histones appeared in the BALF during ALI and directly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Ab-mediated neutralization of histones significantly reduced IL-1β levels in BALF during ALI. Inflammasome activation by extracellular histones in LPS-primed macrophages required NLRP3 and caspase-1 as well as extrusion of K+, increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and generation of reactive oxygen species. NLRP3 and caspase-1 were also required for full extracellular histone presence during ALI, suggesting a positive feedback mechanism. Extracellular histone and IL-1β levels in BALF were also elevated in C5a-induced and IgG immune complex ALI models, suggesting a common inflammatory mechanism. These data indicate an interaction between extracellular histones and the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in ALI. Such findings suggest novel targets for treatment of ALI, for which there is currently no known efficacious drug.
Myeloid Glycosylation Defects Lead to a Spontaneous Common Variable Immunodeficiency-like Condition with Associated Hemolytic Anemia and Antilymphocyte Autoimmunity
Authors: Ryan Sean O. , Abbott Derek W. , Cobb Brian A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most frequent symptomatic primary immune deficiency in humans, is a heterogeneous group of immunologic disorders estimated to affect 1:10,000–1:50,000. Although a clear disease etiology remains elusive, a common characteristic of CVID is deficient IgG Ab production in response to infection or vaccination. Patients often also exhibit autoimmune cytopenias with symptoms of abnormal T cell function, including reductions in naive T cells, which correlate with clinical severity. In this study, we discovered that targeted alterations in the glycome of the myeloid lineage lead to spontaneous immunodeficiency characteristic of both humoral and T cell dysfunction regularly found in human CVID. Mice carrying a myeloid-specific knockout of the Mgat2 gene encoding UDP-GlcNAc:α-6-d-mannoside β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II enzyme exhibit deficiencies in IgG responses to both protein and polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Interestingly, the immunodeficiency is associated with decreased T cell activity because of a persistent autoimmune-mediated depletion of naive T cells, which is induced by changes in erythrocyte surface glycosylation. The N-glycosylation dependent autoepitopes that emerge on erythrocytes lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and the causative auto-IgM cross-reacts with naive T cells despite the lack of glycan change on T cells. These findings demonstrate that alterations in erythrocyte glycosylation trigger the development of autoantibodies directed at both erythrocytes and naive T cells, revealing a possible mechanistic link between the induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the reduction in naive T cells, and poor Ab responses to vaccine in severe CVID patients.
Genetic diversity and relatedness among seven red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations
Authors: Maršálková Lenka , Židek Radoslav , Pokoradi Jaroslav , Golian Jozef , Belej Ľubomí­r 
Published: May 2014

Deer (Cervidae) recently belongs to the most important species. The aim of presenting study was evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship within and among seven red deer populations from different origins - Czech Republic, Hungary, hybrids Hungary x New Zealand, Lithuania, New Zealand, Poland and Slovak Republic. This study was conducted to determine the levels of genetic variability and relationships among deer populations from a total of 637 animals originating from seven countries Czech Republic (50), Hungary (35), Hungary x New Zealand hybrids (67), Lithuania (26), New Zealand (82), Poland (347) and Slovak Republic (30). We used the hair bulbs as a source of DNA. In total, 213 alleles were observed from the 10 loci surveyed. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 11 (IOBT965) to 35 (T156, RT13). Genetic diversity and relatedness among red deer populations has been performed on a total of 637 animals. A panel of 10 microsatellite markers used in deer were optimized. On the basis of this panel of microsatellites we were investigated genetic variability and relationships by using statistical and graphical programmes. We evaluated how close populations are to each other and their genetic admixture. Molecular genetic data combined with evaluation in statistical programmes could lead to a complex view of populations.
Consequências individuais e socioeconômicas da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono
Authors: Santos Neto Livia Cirluzo dos , Miranda Giuliana Angelucci , Cunha Laís Lourenção Garcia da , Canto Bárbara Elza Silveira , Strufaldi Victor Pires , Tetti Mauricio Faria , Akerman Marco , Matos Leandro Luongo de 
Published: May 2014

A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) é definida como a obstrução da passagem de ar pelas vias aéreas superiores durante o sono. Acontecem episódios repetidos de hipoxemia e hipercapnia, e com eles o sono torna-se superficial e fragmentado, resultando em distintas complicações ao indivíduo e à coletividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura quanto às consequências individuais, econômicas e sociais causadas pela SAOS. Identificaram-se diversas complicações da SAOS relacionadas ao indivíduo: (1) alterações físicas e comportamentais: sono excessivo, fadiga, ansiedade, irritabilidade, depressão, redução da libido, diminuição da qualidade de vida, astenia, consequências metabólicas (ganho de peso, diabetes e dislipidemia) e cardiovasculares (hipertensão arterial sistêmica, aterosclerose e doença coronariana); (2) disfunção neurocognitiva: déficits de atenção, percepção, memória, raciocínio, juízo, pensamento e linguagem. Quanto à relação da SAOS e repercussões socioeconômicas, tem-se: (1) aumento do número, proporção e gravidade de acidentes automobilísticos devido à diminuição da concentração do motorista; (2) prejuízos ocupacionais com queda na produtividade, demissões e acidentes de trabalho; (3) prejuízo social: o individuo com SAOS representa também um perigo potencial para toda a sociedade por aumento de imperícias; (4) aumento de gastos públicos e privados: manutenção de rodovias e estrutura de fiscalização e apoio, gastos previdenciários, custos diagnósticos, terapêuticos e hospitalares. A SAOS deveria ser considerada uma doença de saúde pública, dados seus inequívocos prejuízos individuais, sociais e econômicos. Políticas específicas deveriam ser implementadas visando à redução do impacto dessas consequências.
Fisioterapia respiratória no pré-operatório de colecistectomia
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Lima , Alves Sueli Aparecida 
Published: May 2014

Introdução: As cirurgias abdominais altas causam alterações da função pulmonar caracterizadas por redução da capacidade vital, relacionada à presença de hipoxemia e atelectasia, e pela redução do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, diagnóstico médico de cálculos biliares e hérnia hiatal, diagnóstico funcional de baixo desempenho cardiorrespiratório, a três meses de préoperatório de colecistectomia. Foi realizada avaliação composta por dados antropométricos, espirometria, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), mensuração das pressões respiratórias pIntrodução: As cirurgias abdominais altas causam alterações da função pulmonar caracterizadas por redução da capacidade vital, relacionada à presença de hipoxemia e atelectasia, e pela redução do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 29 anos, diagnóstico médico de cálculos biliares e hérnia hiatal, diagnóstico funcional de baixo desempenho cardiorrespiratório, a três meses de préoperatório de colecistectomia. Foi realizada avaliação composta por dados antropométricos, espirometria, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), mensuração das pressões respiratórias por meio da manovacuometria e do nível de qualidade de vida mediante o questionário SF-36. A seguir foi aplicado um protocolo de fisioterapia respiratória e reavaliação após o tratamento. Na avaliação inicial foi verificado que a paciente encontravase com sobrepeso (IMC=27,40 kg/m2), baixo desempenho cardiorrespiratório e fraqueza da musculatura respiratória. Conclusão: O protocolo aplicado mostrou-se eficaz, pois auxiliou na redução de peso corporal e melhorou o desempenho cardiorrespiratório por meio dos exercícios aeróbicos, e proporcionou ganho de força aos músculos respiratórios.
High‐precision relocation of long‐period events beneath the summit region of Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, from 1986 to 2009
Authors: Matoza Robin S. , Shearer Peter M. , Okubo Paul G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLong‐period (0.5–5 Hz, LP) seismicity has been recorded for decades in the summit region of Kı̄lauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, and is postulated as linked with the magma transport and shallow hydrothermal systems. To better characterize its spatiotemporal occurrence, we perform a systematic analysis of 49,030 seismic events occurring in the Kı̄lauea summit region from January 1986 to March 2009 recorded by the ∼50‐station Hawaiian Volcano Observatory permanent network. We estimate 215,437 P wave spectra, considering all events on all stations, and use a station‐averaged spectral metric to consistently classify LP and non‐LP seismicity. We compute high‐precision relative relocations for 5327 LP events (43% of all classified LP events) using waveform cross correlation and cluster analysis with 6.4 million event pairs, combined with the source‐specific station term method. The majority of intermediate‐depth (5–15 km) LPs collapse to a compact volume, with remarkable source location stability over 23 years indicating a source process controlled by geological or conduit structure.
Prediction of the Arctic Oscillation in boreal winter by dynamical seasonal forecasting systems
Authors: Kang Daehyun , Lee Myong‐In , Im Jungho , Kim Daehyun , Kim Hye‐Mi , Kang Hyun‐Suk , Schubert Siegfried D. , Arribas Alberto , MacLachlan Craig 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study assesses the skill of boreal winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) predictions with state‐of‐the‐art dynamical ensemble prediction systems (EPSs): GloSea4, CFSv2, GEOS‐5, CanCM3, CanCM4, and CM2.1. Long‐term reforecasts with the EPSs are used to evaluate how well they represent the AO and to assess the skill of both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of the AO. The reforecasts reproduce the observed changes in the large‐scale patterns of the Northern Hemispheric surface temperature, upper level wind, and precipitation associated with the different phases of the AO. The results demonstrate that most EPSs improve upon persistence skill scores for lead times up to 2 months in boreal winter, suggesting some potential for skillful prediction of the AO and its associated climate anomalies at seasonal time scales. It is also found that the skill of AO forecasts during the recent period (1997–2010) is higher than that of the earlier period (1983–1996).
Observed holiday aerosol reduction and temperature cooling over East Asia
Authors: Gong Dao‐Yi , Wang Wenshan , Qian Yun , Bai Wenbing , Guo Yuanxi , Mao Rui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe air pollution in Chinese Spring Festival (CSF) period over eastern China was investigated using the long‐term observations from 2001 to 2012 over 323 stations. The dominant feature of the pollutants around the CSF holidays is the significant reduction of concentration. During the 10day period around the CSF (but excluding the Lunar New Year's Day, LNYD), PM10 experiences a reduction of −9.24%. In association with the aerosol reduction, temperature significantly drops over eastern China. From the third day before the LNYD to the second day after, the daily mean temperature anomaly is −0.81°C, and for no‐rain days the anomaly is −0.85°C. The simultaneous anomalies of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures are −0.79°C and −0.82°C, respectively. From the third day to seventh day after the LNYD, the significant negative temperature anomalies move out of China, extending to a broad area from the South China Sea to the western North Pacific. Between the 8th and the 12th days, the significant temperature anomalies can still be found over 140°E–160°E and 15°N–25°N. The reduced downward longwave flux might play an important role in holiday cooling. The possible atmospheric feedback is discernable. The thermal and circulation configuration accompanying the cooling favors baroclinic interaction between upper and lower troposphere for the midlatitude cyclone. The anomalous cyclone becomes mature during the third to the seventh day after the LNYD and disappears 12 days later. The anomalous northern winds in association with the cyclone decrease the temperature and also help disperse the holiday aerosols over eastern China.