bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declining childhood and adolescent cancer mortality
Authors: Smith Malcolm A. , Altekruse Sean F. , Adamson Peter C. , Reaman Gregory H. , Seibel Nita L. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate whether progress continues in identifying more effective treatments for children and adolescents with cancer, the authors examined both overall and disease‐specific childhood cancer mortality rates for the United States, focusing on data from 2000 to 2010.METHODSAge‐adjusted US mortality trends from 1975 to 2010 were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses of annual percentage change (APC) were performed on the same diagnostic groupings for the period restricted to 2000 through 2010 for groupings ages <20 years, <15 years, and 15 to 19 years.RESULTSAfter a plateau in mortality rates during 1998 to 2002 (APC, 0.3%), the annual decline in childhood cancer mortality from 2002 to 2010 (APC, −2.4%) was similar to that observed from 1975 to 1998 (APC, −2.7%). Statistically significant declines in mortality rates from 2000 to 2010 were noted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, neuroblastoma, central nervous system cancers, and gonadal cancers. From 2000 to 2010, the rates of decline in mortality for the group ages 15 to 19 years generally were equal to or greater than the rates of decline for the group ages birth to 14 years. Improvements in treatment since 1975 resulted >45,000 cancer deaths averted through 2010.CONCLUSIONSCancer mortality for both children and adolescents declined from 2000 to 2010, with significant declines observed for multiple cancer types. However, greater than 1900 cancer deaths still occur each year among children and adolescents in the United States, and many survivors experience long‐term effects that limit their quality of life. Continued research directed toward identifying more effective treatments that produce fewer long‐term sequelae is critical to address these remaining challenges. Cancer 2014;120:2497–2506. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Implications of inadequate lymph node staging in resectable gastric cancer: A contemporary analysis using the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Datta Jashodeep , Lewis Russell S. , Mamtani Ronac , Stripp Diana , Kelz Rachel R. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Fraker Douglas L. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Roses Robert E. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDNational guidelines recommend examination of ≥ 15 lymph nodes for adequate staging of resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). The relevance of these guidelines, which were established before the increasing use of multimodality therapy, and the impact of inadequate lymph node staging (LNS) in a contemporary cohort have not been extensively explored.METHODSStage I‐III GA patients who underwent gastrectomy from 1998 to 2011 were identified using the National Cancer Data Base. Trends in LNS adequacy, predictors of inadequate LNS (< 15 LN examined) and the relationship between LNS and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.RESULTSIn 22,409 patients, compliance with LNS guidelines was poor (inadequate LNS in 61.2% of cases, median LN harvested in 11.0%). Subtotal/partial gastrectomy was the strongest predictor of inadequate LNS (OR = 2.01, P < .001). Survival analyses included 9139 patients with minimum 5 years follow‐up; median, 1‐year, and 5‐year survival was 35.6 months, 75.5%, and 39.7%, respectively. LN positivity (HR = 1.90) and age > 76 years (HR = 1.73) were the strongest predictors of worse OS (both P < .001). Inadequate LNS was independently associated with worse OS (HR = 1.33, P < .001). Median OS after inadequate compared to adequate LNS was significantly worse (33.3 months versus 42.0 months, P < .001), regardless of AJCC clinical stage subgroup or tumor T classification (both P < .001).CONCLUSIONSAdequate LNS is achieved in a minority of patients. Inadequate LNS was independently associated with worse OS. Examination of ≥ 15 LN is a reproducible prognosticator of gastric cancer outcomes in the United States and should continue to serve as a benchmark for quality of care. Cancer 2014;120:2855–2865. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Multi‐factors on photocatalytic properties of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites prepared by microwave‐hydrothermal method
Authors: Huang Jing , Tan Guoqiang , Ren Huijun , Xia Ao , Luo Yangyang 
Published: May 2014

Different contents of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were synthesized by a microwave‐hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic properties with different contents of Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were studied. The Y‐doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were also characterized by XRD, EDX, SEM and UV‐vis DRS and the multi‐factors on photocatalytic properties of Y‐Doped Bi2WO6 crystallites were discussed. The results indicate that Y3+ replacing Bi3+ enters into the Bi2WO6 lattice, producing a degree of Bi2WO6 lattice distortion. It also has an impact on the crystallinity of Bi2WO6 and the band gap is from 2.49 eV to 2.71 eV. The photocatalytic results show that when the content of Y doping becomes 10%, the degradation rate of rhodamine B is above 90% after 40 min irradiation, which shows that doping the proper rare earth ions is conducive to the photocatalytic properties of Bi2WO6 crystallites.
DSM‐5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , O'Shea Anne 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe recent DSM‐5 categorization of eating disorders introduces a new category of eating disorders, Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorders (UFED), where symptoms do not meet criteria for any other diagnostic category, but cause clinically significant distress or impairment. The aim of the current study was to explore what disorders in UFED might look like in an adolescent population.MethodWe examined a large cohort of adolescent female twins (N = 699) who were assessed on three occasions and who did not meet a DSM‐5 eating disorder diagnosis but who reported threshold levels of either fasting and/or driven exercise (N = 33; 4.7%). This group of girls was compared to girls who reported no eating disorder over the three waves, and girls who met a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN.ResultsThe UFED group was characterized as being in the overweight range while striving to lose weight, and placing a high degree of importance on weight and shape in their self‐evaluation. This group was indistinguishable from the two eating disorder groups on measures of global eating disorder severity, and demonstrated significantly elevated impairment and distress compared to the no eating disorder group commensurate with the eating disorder groups.DiscussionFurther research of this group is necessary to ensure that these individuals are not overlooked, and that treatment options are appropriate and available. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:367–374)
Afforestations and wetlands, are they a good combination? Study of water fluxes in two cases of Patagonian wetlands
Authors: Weigandt M. , Gyenge J. , Fernández M. E. , Varela S. , Schlichter T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWetlands are ecosystems that play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and associated economies (e.g. agriculture and livestock) because they are reservoirs of water and carbon. Globally, these environments have been largely deteriorated, so their sustainable use takes on special importance. This study examined the effect on water recharge of the replacement of natural grassland by pine afforestation on hillsides adjacent to two Patagonian wetlands with contrasting rainfall. Results showed that independently of the rainfall at the site considered, canopies with high coverage values (90%) intercept 40% of the precipitation. This percentage is significantly reduced when canopy coverage is near 70%. Considering forested and grassland hillsides, groundwater drainage showed different patterns, consisting of only a few millimetres in the seasons recorded. Surface runoff was not a significant source of recharge for these systems in spring and summer, showing similar values in forested and grassland hillsides. Differences found in the recharge water variables between afforestation and grassland conditions cannot be directly associated with the vegetation in areas surrounding the wetlands. These systems showed high complexity, requiring site‐specific analysis to determine what the impact of afforestation will be on their hydrology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Hexacoordinate (Arenediolato)bis(polypyridyl)silicon(IV) Complexes
Authors: Breiding Tom , Henker Jens , Fu Chen , Xiang Yonggang , Glöckner Steffen , Hofmann Philipp , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHexacoordinate (arenediolato)silicon(IV) complexes that contain two additional 2,2′‐bipyridine or 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands are surprisingly stable against aqueous hydrolysis and therefore constitute attractive and novel templates for the design of bioactive compounds. In this article, we report the synthesis of (arenediolato)bis(polypyridyl)silicon(IV) complexes, including a case of diastereoselective synthesis of a nonracemic hexacoordinate (binaphtholato)silicon(IV) complex, and methods for their post‐coordinative functionalization with halides, nitro, and carbonyl groups. Several X‐ray crystal structures are provided and demonstrate the octahedral coordination of silicon in these complexes.
Oxidative Addition of Rhodium Complexes Containing a Dithioimidodiphosphinate Ligand: Facile Reductive Elimination of Methyl Iodide from a Tetranuclear Rhodium Sulfido Cluster
Authors: Cheung Wai‐Man , Chiu Wai‐Hang , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRhodium complexes containing the dithioimidodiphosphinate ligand [N(iPr2PS)2]– have been synthesized and their oxidative addition of methyl iodide investigated. Treatment of [Rh(PPh3)3Cl] with K[N(iPr2PS)2] afforded [Rh{N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2] (1). Recrystallization of 1 from hexane in the presence of adventitious oxygen yielded the peroxo complex [Rh{N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2(η2‐O2)] (2). Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to 1 gave [Rh(Me)(I){N(iPr2PS)2}(PPh3)2] (3), which reacted with K[N(iPr2PS)2] to afford [Rh(Me){N(iPr2PS)2}2] (4). Treatment of K[N(iPr2PS)2] with [Rh(coe)2Cl]2 (coe = cyclooctene) yielded the tetranuclear sulfido cluster [Rh4(μ3‐S)2{iPr2PNP(S)iPr2}2{N(iPr2PS)2}2] (5) containing two four‐coordinate RhI and two five‐coordinate RhIII centers. Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to 5 gave the monomethyl compound [Rh4(μ3‐S)2(Me)(μ‐I){iPr2PNP(S)iPr2}2{N(iPr2PS)2}2] (6). In benzene solution, 6 underwent spontaneous reductive elimination of methyl iodide to give 5. The crystal structures of complexes 2–6 have been determined.
Efficient Synthesis and Versatile Reactivity of Porphyrinyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Fujimoto Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIodine–magnesium exchange between iodoporphyrins and iPrMgCl·LiCl proceeded successfully without decomposition of the porphyrin core. The resulting porphyrinyl Grignard reagents are nucleophilic enough to react with various carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and amides. Furthermore, the porphyrinyl Grignard reagents underwent transmetalation to afford porphyrinyl copper and zinc species of mild and unique reactivity. These could be engaged in 1,4‐addition and Negishi coupling, respectively.
Period, birth cohort and prevalence of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yu‐Tzu , Lee Hsin‐yi , Norton Samuel , Prina A. Matthew , Fleming Jane , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveThere have been dramatic societal changes in East Asia over the last hundred years. Several of the established risk factors could have important period and cohort effects. This study explores temporal variation of dementia prevalence in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan taking study methods into account.MethodsSeventy prevalence studies of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan were identified from 1980 to 2012. Five period groups (before 1990, 1990 ~ 1994, 1995 ~ 1999, 2000 ~ 2004 and 2005 ~ 2012) and five birth cohort groups (1895 ~ 1909, 1910 ~ 1919, 1920 ~ 1929, 1930 ~ 1939 and 1940 ~ 1950) were categorised using the year of investigation and 5‐year age groups. Pooled prevalence by age, period and birth cohort groups was estimated through meta‐regression model and meta‐analysis taking diagnostic criteria and age structure into account.ResultsAfter adjusting for diagnostic criteria, the study age range and age structure, the prevalence of dementia in the older population aged 60 years and over fluctuated across periods but not reaching significance and were estimated as 1.8%, 2.5%, 2.1%, 2.4% and 3.1% for the five periods from pre‐1990 to 2005 ~ 2012. A potential increasing pattern from less to more recent birth cohort groups was found in the major studies using older diagnostic criteria with wider differences in the age groups over 70 years.ConclusionsThis study found no significant variation across periods but suggested a potential cohort effect. The influence of societal changes might moderate early life experiences across different generations with substantial impact on mental health in older age. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thiosilane‐ and Organoselenosilane‐Mediated Novel Access to 3,7‐Disubstituted‐1,2,5‐ trithiepanes and ‐1,2,5‐dithiaselenepanes
Authors: Capperucci Antonella , Tanini Damiano , Borgogni Cosimo , DegľInnocenti Alessandro 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide with different substituted thiiranes under tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) catalysis leads to the synthesis of 3,7‐disubstituted‐1,2,5‐trithiepanes, through regioselective reaction of a thiosilane intermediate with another molecule of episulfide, followed by intramolecular oxidation of two sulfur units. When using bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide, the reaction with thiiranes and TBAF affords a smooth access to a novel class of disubstituted‐1,2,5‐dithiaselenepanes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triol Derivatives from α,β‐Unsaturated Acylsilanes
Authors: Honda Mitsunori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Sumigawa Takumi , Kunimoto Ko‐Ki , Segi Masahito 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe stereoselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triol derivatives having contiguous stereogenic centers from α,β‐unsaturated acylsilanes1was described. The oxidation of an olefin moiety of1with osmium tetroxide proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding 2,3‐syn‐dihydroxyacylsilanes2. The protection of two hydroxy groups of2followed by a nucleophilic reaction to the silyl carbonyl group gave the corresponding silylated triol derivatives (7and8) with high stereoselectivity, depending on the kind of nucleophilic reagents. The deprotection for7and8and the following protodesilylation gave two isomers of possible four 1,2,3‐triol derivatives. The stereoselective triol synthesis by asymmetric diolization of α‐silylated allyl alcohols11derived by nucleophilic addition to1was also investigated.
Intended and Unintended Consequences of Minimum Staffing Standards for Nursing Homes
Authors: Chen Min M. , Grabowski David C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStaffing is the dominant input in the production of nursing home services. Because of concerns about understaffing in many US nursing homes, a number of states have adopted minimum staffing standards. Focusing on policy changes in California and Ohio, this paper examined the effects of minimum nursing hours per resident day regulations on nursing home staffing levels and care quality. Panel data analyses of facility‐level nursing inputs and quality revealed that minimum staffing standards increased total nursing hours per resident day by 5% on average. However, because the minimum staffing standards treated all direct care staff uniformly and ignored indirect care staff, the regulation had the unintended consequences of both lowering the direct care nursing skill mix (i.e., fewer professional nurses relative to nurse aides) and reducing the absolute level of indirect care staff. Overall, the staffing regulations led to a reduction in severe deficiency citations and improvement in certain health conditions that required intensive nursing care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a superior conceptual groundwater model structure for baseflow simulation?
Authors: Stoelzle Michael , Weiler Markus , Stahl Kerstin , Morhard Andreas , Schuetz Tobias 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrevious work has shown that streamflow response during baseflow conditions is a function of storage, but also that this functional relationship varies among seasons and catchments. Traditionally, hydrological models incorporate conceptual groundwater models consisting of linear or non‐linear storage–outflow functions. Identification of the right model structure and model parameterization however is challenging. The aim of this paper is to systematically test different model structures in a set of catchments where different aquifer types govern baseflow generation processes. Nine different two‐parameter conceptual groundwater models are applied with multi‐objective calibration to transform two different groundwater recharge series derived from a soil‐atmosphere‐vegetation transfer model into baseflow separated from streamflow data. The relative performance differences of the model structures allow to systematically improve the understanding of baseflow generation processes and to identify most appropriate model structures for different aquifer types. We found more versatile and more aquifer‐specific optimal model structures and elucidate the role of interflow, flow paths, recharge regimes and partially contributing storages. Aquifer‐specific recommendations of storage models were found for fractured and karstic aquifers, whereas large storage capacities blur the identification of superior model structures for complex and porous aquifers. A model performance matrix is presented, which highlights the joint effects of different recharge inputs, calibration criteria, model structures and aquifer types. The matrix is a guidance to improve groundwater model structures towards their representation of the dominant baseflow generation processes of specific aquifer types. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Real‐Time Computer Simulation Program for Reducing Outpatients Phlebotomy Wait Time
Authors: Woo Yo Seop , Kwon Young Dae , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Cha Young Joo , Kim Hye Ryoun 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundOur goal was to enhance the productivity of phlebotomists and reduce outpatient wait times. Here, we aimed to develop a computer simulation program in which resources would be shifted from the laboratory to assist with phlebotomy. We evaluated the efficacy of computer simulation approaches for phlebotomy wait time and provide phlebotomy help time.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of the following three approaches: no helping system (NHS), the conventional assistance system (CAS), and the computer simulated helping system (CSHS). The CSHS predicted the phlebotomy waiting times based on computer simulation approaches, decided the assist times, and sounded an alarm.ResultsThe wait time for the NHS was significantly longer than that of the CAS and the CSHS (P< 0.05). We divided the wait time into the three parts: <5 min, 5–10 min, and >10 min. Significant differences between the three systems were detected (P< 0.05). The phlebotomy computer simulation system significantly decreased the help time of the phlebotomists (CAS was 93.3 ± 19.7 min vs. CSHS was 79.5 ± 17.7 min,P= 0.03).ConclusionWe designed a computer‐based predicted alarm system. This system could effectively decrease help time for phlebotomists and outpatients phlebotomy wait times.
Relationship Between Hematocrit Level and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community‐Based Population
Authors: Jin Yuan‐Ze , Zheng Dong‐Han , Duan Zhi‐Ying , Lin Ying‐Zi , Zhang Xue‐Ying , Wang Jing‐Ru , Han Shuo , Wang Guo‐Feng , Zhang Yi‐Jing 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the relationship between hematocrit (HCT) levels and cardiovascular risk factors in a community‐based population of middle‐aged adults.MethodsFrom April 2011 to February 2012, a total of 1,884 middle‐aged adults were selected from a community‐based population in China. Blood and urine samples were collected for routine blood and urine tests, and measurement of plasma glucose and lipid levels. Baseline information including traditional cardiovascular risk factors was obtained by standard questionnaire to analyze. We evaluated the distribution of the HCT values for middle‐aged adults with or without cardiovascular risk factors. There were 548 males and 1,336 females in this study. The mean age of all subjects was 54.7 ± 6.7 years. There were 1,209 subjects with risk factors and 675 without risk factors.ResultsThe HCT levels in subjects with risk factors were higher than those without risk factors (P = 0.005). According to a simplified tool for evaluation of the 10‐year risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Chinese populations, all subjects were divided into four groups: the ultralow‐risk group (1,367, 72.6%), low‐risk group (232, 12.3%), intermediate‐risk group (201, 10.7%), and high‐risk/ultrahigh‐risk group (84, 4.4%). Compared with HCT levels in the ultralow‐risk group, significant differences were found in the low‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and high‐risk/ultrahigh‐risk groups (all P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results indicate that elevated HCT levels may be positively associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the combination of HCT values and cardiovascular risk factors may enable early diagnosis of CVDs.
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio Connected to Treatment Options and Inflammation Markers of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Gökmen Ferhat , Akbal Ayla , Reşorlu Hatice , Gökmen Esra , Güven Mustafa , Aras Adem Bozkurt , Erbağ Gökhan , Kömürcü Erkam , Akbal Erdem , Coşar Murat 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundIn recent years, white blood cells (WBCs) and their subtypes have been studied in relation to inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Materials and methodsWe enrolled a total of 177 patients, 96 AS and 81 healthy controls. Complete blood count, WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte levels were measured, and the NLR was calculated. In the assessment of AS, we used the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein (CRP), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index.ResultsIn the present study, 96 AS and 81 healthy individuals were enrolled. The mean age was 43.8 ± 12.9 and 46.5 ± 11.2 years, respectively. Mean disease duration of AS patients was 6.9 ± 5.6 years (median = 5, min–max = 1–25). The patients with AS had a higher NLR than the control individuals (mean NLR, 2.24 ± 1.23 and 1.73 ± 0.70, respectively, P < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between NLR and CRP (r = 0.322, P = 0.01). The patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor α therapy had a lower NLR than the patients receiving nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy (mean NLR, 1.71 ± 0.62 and 2.41 ± 1.33, respectively, P = 0.02).ConclusionNLR may be seen as a useful marker for demonstrating inflammation together with acute phase reactants such as CRP and in evaluating the effectiveness of anti‐TNF‐α therapy.