bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant PTH therapy for severe hypoparathyroidism after kidney transplantation in pre‐transplant parathyroidectomized patients: review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Hod Tammy , Riella Leonardo V. , Chandraker Anil 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough transient hypocalcemia following kidney transplantation can occur, severe refractory hypocalcemia is uncommon. We report a case of a 31‐yr‐old highly sensitized man with end‐stage renal disease caused by reflux nephropathy, who received an expanded criteria deceased donor kidney transplant. The post‐transplant course was significant for profound hypocalcemia despite treatment with large doses of calcium and vitamin D, in the setting of severe hypoparathyroidism following a subtotal parathyroidectomy three yr prior to the transplant. His course was also complicated by suboptimal allograft function with significant new vascular changes seen in the allograft biopsy by seven wk post‐transplant. Teriparatide (recombinant parathyroid hormone) injections were initiated (up to three times daily) with improvement in the vascular changes and a decrease in calcium phosphate calcification in biopsy, as well as reduction in hypercalciuria, restoration of calcium phosphate homeostasis and stabilization of allograft function. We describe six other cases of post‐transplant hypoparathyroidism, with five of six having decreased allograft function and three of those five demonstrating significant accelerated vascular changes on biopsy. We discuss the use of teriparatide injections for the treatment of renal transplant recipients with impaired renal function in the setting of hypoparathyroidism.
Parental drinking and adverse outcomes in children: A scoping review of cohort studies
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Felix Lambert , Keating Patrick , McCambridge Jim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThere is a growing interest in measuring alcohol's harms to people other than the drinker themselves. ‘Children of alcoholics’ and foetal alcohol spectrum disorder have received widespread attention. Less is known about how children are affected by post‐natal exposure to parental drinking other than alcohol abuse/dependence. In this scoping review, we aim to assemble and map existing evidence from cohort studies on the consequences of parental alcohol use for children, and to identify limitations and gaps in this literature.Design and MethodsSystematic review methods were used. Electronic databases were searched (1980 to October 2013) and a total of 3215 abstracts were screened, 326 full text papers examined and 99 eligible for inclusion according to selection criteria including separation of exposure and outcome measurement in time and report of a quantitative effect size.ResultsThe main finding is the large literature available. Adolescent drinking behaviour was the most common outcome measure and outcomes other than substance use were rarely analysed. In almost two of every three published associations, parental drinking was found to be statistically significantly associated with a child harm outcome measure. Several limitations in the literature are noted regarding its potential to address a possible causal role of parental drinking in children's adverse outcomes.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study identifies targets for further study and provides a platform for more targeted analytic investigations which ascertain risk of bias, and which are capable of considering the appropriateness of causal inferences for the observed associations. [Rossow I, Felix L, Keating P, McCambridge J. Parental drinking and adverse outcomes in children: A scoping review of cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:397–405]
A cluster randomized trial on the effect of a multifaceted intervention improved the technical quality of diabetes care by primary care physicians: The Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial‐2 (J‐DOIT2)
Authors: Hayashino Y. , Suzuki H. , Yamazaki K. , Goto A. , Izumi K. , Noda M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of multifaceted interventions using the Achievable Benchmark of Care (ABC) method for improving the technical quality of diabetes care in primary care settings.MethodsWe conducted a 1‐year cluster randomized controlled trial in 22 regions divided into an intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). Physicians in the IG received a monthly report of their care quality, with the top 10% quality of diabetes care scores for all physicians being the achievable benchmark. The change in quality‐of‐care scores between the IG and CG during follow‐up was analysed using a generalized linear model considering clustering.ResultsA total of 2199 patients were included. Their mean (sd) age was 56.5 ± 5.9 years and the mean (sd) HbA1c level was 56.4 ± 13.3 mmol/mol (7.4 ± 1.2%). The quality‐of‐care score in the CG changed from 50.2%‐point at baseline to 51%‐point at 12 months, whereas the IG score changed from 49.9%‐point to 69.6%‐point, with statistically significant differences between the two groups during follow‐up [the effect of intervention was 19.0%‐point (95% confidence interval 16.7%‐ to 21.3%‐point; P < 0.001)].ConclusionsMultifaceted intervention, measuring quality‐of‐care indicators and providing feedback regarding the quality of diabetes care to physicians with ABC, was effective for improving the technical quality of care in patients with Type 2 diabetes in primary care settings. (Trial Registration: umin.ac.jp/ctr as UMIN000002186)
Delayed release of brain natriuretic peptide to identify myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Zürcher Stephan , Honegger Ursina , Wagener Max , Lee Gino , Stallone Fabio , Marxer Tanja , Puelacher Christian , Schumacher Carmela , Sou Seoung Mann , Twerenbold Raphael , Reichlin Tobias , Hochgruber Thomas , Tanglay Yunus , Freese Michael , Wild Damian , Rentsch Katharina , Osswald Stefan , Zellweger Michael , Mueller Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundA recent pilot study suggested that exercise‐induced myocardial ischaemia may lead to a delayed release of cardiac biomarkers, so that later sampling, for example, at 4 h after exercise could be used for diagnostic purpose.Materials and methodsIn an observational study, we enrolled 129 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of a suspected coronary artery disease by rest/stress myocardial perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography. The treating cardiologist used all available clinical information to quantify clinical judgment regarding the presence of myocardial ischaemia using a visual analogue scale twice: prior and after stress testing. BNP levels were determined in a blinded fashion at rest, at peak stress and 4 h after peak stress. The presence of myocardial ischaemia was adjudicated based on perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography and coronary angiography findings by an independent cardiologist.ResultsMyocardial ischaemia was detected in 58 patients (45%). Patients with myocardial ischaemia had significantly higher BNP levels at all times, compared to patients without ischaemia: BNP rest (99 vs. 61 pg/mL P = 0·007), BNP stress (125 vs. 77 pg/mL P = 0·02) and BNP 4 h (114 vs. 71 pg/mL P = 0·018). Diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was moderate for all time points (AUC 0·64–0·66). The change in BNP between rest and 4 h did not provide added value, neither to the baseline BNP level nor to clinical judgment.ConclusionIn contrast to our hypothesis, myocardial ischaemia did not lead to a differential delayed release of BNP. Late sampling did not seem clinically useful.
Substratum preferences of motor and sensory neurons in postnatal and adult rats
Authors: Gonzalez‐Perez Francisco , Alé Albert , Santos Daniel , Barwig Christina , Freier Thomas , Navarro Xavier , Udina Esther 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAfter peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and fibronectin in postnatal and adult stages. In postnatal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants, sensory neurons extended longer neurites on collagen matrices enriched with laminin (~50%) or fibronectin (~35%), whereas motoneurons extended longer neurites (~100%) in organotypic spinal cord slices embedded in fibronectin‐enriched matrix. An increased percentage of parvalbumin‐positive neurites (presumptive proprioceptive) vs. neurofilament‐positive neurites was also found in DRG in fibronectin‐enriched matrix. To test if the different preference of neurons for extracellular matrix components was maintained in vivo, these matrices were used to fill a chitosan guide to repair a 6‐mm gap in the sciatic nerve of adult rats. However, the number of regenerating motor and sensory neurons after 1 month was similar between groups. Moreover, none of the retrotraced sensory neurons in DRG was positive for parvalbumin, suggesting that presumptive proprioceptive neurons had poor regenerative capabilities compared with other peripheral neurons. Using real‐time PCR we evaluated the expression of α5β1 (receptor for fibronectin) and α7β1 integrin (receptor for laminin) in spinal cord and DRG 2 days after injury. Postnatal animals showed a higher increase of α5β1 integrin, whereas both integrins were similarly expressed in adult neurons. Therefore, we conclude that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of USL261, a midazolam formulation optimized for intranasal delivery, in a randomized study with healthy volunteers
Authors: Bancke Lindy L. , Dworak Heather A. , Rodvold Keith A. , Halvorsen Mark B. , Gidal Barry E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of USL261, a midazolam formulation optimized for intranasal delivery, versus midazolam intravenous (IV) solution administered intranasally (MDZ‐inj IN) or intravenously (MDZ‐inj IV) in healthy adults.MethodsIn this phase 1, five‐way crossover, open‐label study, 25 healthy adults (aged 18–42 years) were randomly assigned to receive 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg USL261; 2.5 mg MDZ‐inj IV; and 5.0 mg MDZ‐inj IN. Blood samples were collected for 12 h post dose to determine pharmacokinetic profiles. Pharmacodynamic assessments of sedation and psychomotor impairment also were conducted. Adverse events, oxygen saturation, and vital signs were recorded.ResultsIncreasing USL261 dose corresponded with increases in midazolam area under the concentration time curve (AUC) and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), with all doses demonstrating rapid median time to Cmax (Tmax; 10–12 min). USL261 also demonstrated increased absorption, with a 134% relative bioavailability, compared with the same MDZ‐inj IN dose. USL261 was associated with dose‐dependent increases in sedation and psychomotor impairment (p < 0.05); however, these effects lasted <4 h and generally did not differ from MDZ‐inj IN or MDZ‐inj IV at comparable doses. No serious adverse events (SAEs) or deaths were reported, and no treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) led to study discontinuation.SignificanceCompared with intranasal delivery of a midazolam formulation intended for IV delivery, USL261, optimized for intranasal administration demonstrated improved bioavailability with similar pharmacodynamic effects. Therefore, USL261 may be a preferable alternative to the currently approved rectal diazepam treatment for intermittent bouts of increased seizure activity.
Mothers and not genes determine inherited differences in cadmium sensitivities within unexposed populations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum
Authors: Vigneron Amandine , Geffard Olivier , Quéau Hervé , Chaumot Arnaud 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDeciphering evolutionary processes occurring within contaminated populations is important for the ecological risk assessment of toxic chemicals. Whereas increased tolerance to contaminants is well documented in aquatic animal populations, whether such phenotypic changes occur through genetic adaptation is still debated. In that sense, several studies with the freshwater crustacean Gammarus concluded in a weak potential for genetic adaptation to cadmium (Cd), while others reported inheritable increased tolerance in Cd‐contaminated populations. Using quantitative genetics and selection experiments, this study sought to further assess the potential of Gammarus populations to genetically adapt to Cd. By combining the control of the reproductive cycle of this species in the laboratory and protocols of individual Cd exposure, we conducted half‐sib analyses to establish the genetic and environmental sources of variance in Cd sensitivity of neonates. Prior to experiments, computations allowed optimizing the experimental design in order to increase the power to detect additive genetic variance. The main findings are the existence of strong between‐brood variability along with weak heritability of Cd sensitivity within Gammarus populations. This study also revealed a significant maternal effect on individual Cd sensitivity. This sheds new light on the importance of maternal influence in microevolutionary processes occurring in contaminated environments.
Modeling forage production by using climatic factors and drought indices in humid and arid regions of Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Moghaddam Samaneh , Mosaedi Abolfazl , Mesdaghi Mansour , Jankju Mohammad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs the utilization of rangelands in Iran has exceeded 2.2 times its carrying capacity, increasing numbers of livestock, especially in drought years, have dramatic effects on rangelands. In this regard, the prediction of forage production is an important management strategy to mitigate the consequences of drought. In Plour and Saveh Range Experimental Sites, climatic factors such as precipitation, temperature (mean, maximum and minimum), evapotranspiration, standardized precipitation index, reconnaissance drought index, and/or a combination of these factors were used to construct a predictive model of forage production. For each climatic variable and/or index, 33 time periods of 1–4, 6 and 9‐months were specified. We used principal components analysis, stepwise regression and best subset regression, to reduce the number of variables and then the appropriate time periods selected. To select a model, assessment statistics of correlation coefficient, mean of bias error, root mean of square error, mean of absolute relative error and ideal point error were used. Finally models derived from combined climatic factors and drought indices were selected for the prediction of forage production at both study areas. In the arid region of Saveh, production is more effected by precipitation, while in the humid and colder region of Plour, minimum temperature had more effects on plant growth. In Saveh, due to a lack of rainfall in February and minimum temperatures in March, production has direct and indirect relationships with drought and with maximum temperatures, respectively. In the Plour, production has a direct relationship with the maximum temperatures of March–June and drought of February–March and has an indirect relationship with the maximum temperatures of May–June.
A concept mapping study evaluating the UK's first NHS generic fatigue clinic
Authors: Hackett Katie L. , Lambson Rebecca L. , Strassheim Victoria , Gotts Zoe , Deary Vincent , Newton Julia L 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImportanceFatigue is a significant and debilitating symptom affecting 25% of the population. It occurs in those with a range of chronic diseases, can be idiopathic and in 0.2–0.4% of the UK population occurs in combination with other symptoms that together constitute chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Until recently, NHS clinical services only focussed upon CFS and excluded the majority of fatigued patients who did not meet the CFS diagnostic criteria. The CRESTA Fatigue interdisciplinary clinic was established in 2013 in response to this unmet need.ObjectiveTo identify the service needs of the heterogeneous group of patients accessing the CRESTA Fatigue Clinic, to prioritize these needs, to determine whether each is being met and to plan targeted service enhancements.DesignUsing a group concept mapping approach, we objectively identified the shared understanding of service users accessing this novel clinic.SettingNHS Clinics for Research & Service in Themed Assessment (CRESTA) Fatigue Clinic, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.ParticipantsPatients (n = 30) and referrers (n = 10) to the CRESTA Fatigue Clinic contributed towards a statement generation exercise to identify ways the clinic could support service users to improve their quality of life. Patients (n = 46) participated in the sorting and rating task where resulting statements were sorted into groups similar in meaning and rated for ‘importance’ and ‘current success’.Main outcome and measureWe mapped the needs of patients attending the CRESTA Fatigue Clinic and identified which high‐priority needs were being successfully met and which were not.ResultsMultidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis depicted the following eight themed clusters from the data which related to various service‐user requirements: ‘clinic ethos’, ‘communication’, ‘support to self‐manage’, ‘peer support’, ‘allied health services’, ‘telemedicine’, ‘written information’ and ‘service operation’. Service improvement targets were identified within value bivariate plots of the statements.Conclusion and RelevanceService development concepts were grouped into thematic clusters and prioritized for both importance and current success. The resulting concept maps depict where the CRESTA Fatigue Clinic successfully addresses issues which matter to patients and highlights areas for service enhancement. Unmet needs of patients have been identified in a rigorous service evaluation, and these are currently being addressed in collaboration with a service‐user group.
IgG4‐positive extranodal marginal zone lymphoma arising in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: clinicopathological and cytogenetic features of a hitherto undescribed condition
Authors: Tan Char‐Loo , Ong Yew‐Kwang , Tan Soo‐Yong , Ng Siok‐Bian 
Published: September 2015

AimsHashimoto's thyroiditis was recently divided into IgG4‐plasma cell‐rich and IgG4‐plasma cell‐poor subtypes. The former, also known as IgG4 thyroiditis, is associated with clinical, serological, sonographic and morphological features that are distinctive from those of the non‐IgG4 subgroup. We describe an interesting case of IgG4‐positive mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma arising in a background of IgG4 thyroiditis.Methods and resultsThe thyroid gland showed typical features of IgG4 thyroiditis, including characteristic patterns of fibrosis. A dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate diffusely involved the entire gland without formation of a destructive tumour mass. Lymphoepithelial lesions were prominent. There were abundant IgG4‐positive plasma cells, with the IgG4/IgG ratio exceeding 40%. The IgG4‐positive plasma cells were monotypic for kappa light chain, and there was monoclonal IGH rearrangement. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization revealed IGH translocation without translocation of MALT1, bcl‐10, or FOXP1.ConclusionsThis represents the first case of IgG4‐producing MALT lymphoma associated with IgG4 thyroiditis. IGH translocation with an unknown partner gene was identified. We suggest the performance of serum and immunohistochemical investigations for IgG and IgG4 in all cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis to diagnose IgG4 thyroiditis. In addition, clonality assays and light chain studies are useful to exclude a low‐grade lymphoma arising in this context.
Genetic diversity of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in the Seychelles archipelago
Authors: Techer Maéva A. , Clémencet Johanna , Simiand Christophe , Portlouis Gilbert , Reynaud Bernard , Delatte Hélène 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

In the South‐West Indian Ocean, the honeybee Apis mellifera is found on several islands including the Seychelles archipelago. This archipelago is located 1120 km North of Madagascar, where the endemic African subspecies A. m. unicolor occurs. The genetic diversity of the honeybee populations in the Seychelles islands has never been studied, yet this species interacts with highly endemic and indigenous flora.

A total of 186 honeybee colonies from the three main islands: Mahé, Praslin and La Digue were collected. In addition, 107 individuals from Madagascar (A. m. unicolor) and 49 from Italy (A. m. ligustica) were analysed as reference populations. The maternal lineages were assessed using PCR‐RFLP (n = 342) and sequencing (n = 121) of the mtDNA COI–COII intergenic region. Intra‐Seychelles nuclear genetic diversity and structure were analysed using 15 microsatellites while comparison with reference populations was done using 14 loci.

All Seychellian colonies had mtDNA sequences characteristic of the African evolutionary lineage. Two sub‐lineages were detected: AI sub‐lineage (A1) was dominant (96.7%) on all islands and mostly represented by the subspecies A. m. unicolor, while Z sub‐lineage was observed in six colonies from two islands. No mtDNA characteristic of imported European lineages was detected.

Nuclear genetic diversity was high and structured, suggesting restricted gene flow between islands of the archipelago. High nuclear similarities were found among the Seychellian and A. m. unicolor populations, yet significant genetic differentiation was observed. The A. m. ligustica reference population was highly differentiated from the Seychellian honeybee populations.
The influence of methodological variables on the push‐out resistance to dislodgement of root filling materials: a meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Collares F. M. , Portella F. F. , Rodrigues S. B. , Celeste R. K. , Leitune V. C. B. , Samuel S. M. W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of several methodological variables on the push‐out resistance to dislodgment of root filling materials by a meta‐regression analysis of the literature. A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed database using the terms ‘push‐out’ and ‘pushout’. Laboratory studies published before March 2015 were included. Two reviewers extracted data regarding country of origin, year of publication, tooth type, smear layer removal, root canal sealer, core material, obturation technique, sample storage, tooth portion, test machine load velocity and slice thickness. Pooled mean resistance to dislodgement of all groups from the included studies was used in a linear meta‐regression of random effects (α = 0.05). Of the 850 identified studies, 53 met the inclusion criteria. A meta‐regression of the 341 groups extracted from these articles was performed to analyse the influence of each variable on resistance to dislodgement (in MPa). The sealer, core material, obturation technique, slice thickness, storage time, load velocity and tooth portion significantly influence the results (P < 0.05). Irrigant solution and smear layer removal did not influence the resistance to dislodgement of the root filling materials (P > 0.05). Methodological variables such as sealer, core material, root filling technique, tooth type, tooth portion, slice thickness, storage time and load velocity influenced the resistance to dislodgment. The inclusion and standardization of all related variables could lead to a more comparable and reproducible analysis of the resistance to dislodgment of the root canal sealers.