bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Declining Cognition and Falls: Role of Risky Performance of Everyday Mobility Activities
Authors: Fischer Barbara L. , Gleason Carey E. , Gangnon Ronald E. , Janczewski Jodi , Shea Terry , Mahoney Jane E. 
Published: November 2013

Background
Declining cognition is a risk factor for falls among older adults. The extent to which impaired judgment in performance of daily activities increases fall risk is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine whether engagement in mobility activities in a risky manner explains the association between declining cognition and rate of falls.

Design
This study was a secondary analysis of baseline and prospective data from older adults enrolled in the intervention arm of a randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Two hundred forty-five community-dwelling older adults (79% female; mean age=79 years, SD=8.0) who were at risk for falls received physical, cognitive, and functional evaluations. Cognition was assessed with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Using interview and in-home assessment data, physical therapists determined whether participants were at risk for falls when performing mobility-related activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Falls were measured prospectively for 1 year using monthly falls diaries.

Results
Declining cognition was associated with increased number of mobility activities designated as risky (1.5% of mobility activities performed in a risky manner per SPMSQ point) and with increased rate of falls (rate ratio=1.16 for each unit change in SPMSQ score). Risky performance of mobility activities mediated the relationship between cognition and rate of falls.

Limitations
Risk assessment was based on the clinical judgment of experienced physical therapists. Cognition was measured with a relatively insensitive instrument, and only selected mobility activities were evaluated.

Conclusions
Engagement in mobility ADL and IADL tasks in a risky manner emerged as a link between declining cognition and increased number of falls, suggesting a mechanism through which the rate of falls may increase. Specifically, declining cognition is associated with performance of mobility activities in an unsafe manner, thereby increasing the risk for falls.
Establishment of a multidisciplinary concussion program: impact of standardization on patient care and resource utilization
Authors: Wilkins Sara Anne , Shannon Chevis N. , Brown Steven T. , Vance E. Haley , Ferguson Drew , Gran Kimberly , Crowther Marshall , Wellons John C. , Johnston James M. 
Published: November 2013

Object
Recent legislation and media coverage have heightened awareness of concussion in youth sports. Previous work by the authors' group defined significant variation of care in management of children with concussion. To address this variation, a multidisciplinary concussion program was established based on a uniform management protocol, with emphasis on community outreach via traditional media sources and the Internet. This retrospective study evaluates the impact of standardization of concussion care and resource utilization before and after standardization in a large regional pediatric hospital center.

Methods
This retrospective study included all patients younger than 18 years of age evaluated for sports-related concussion between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. Emergency department, sports medicine, and neurosurgery records were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, injury details, clinical course, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (SCAT2) scores, imaging, discharge instructions, and referral for specialty care. The cohort was analyzed comparing patients evaluated before and after standardization of care.

Results
Five hundred eighty-nine patients were identified, including 270 before standardization (2007–2011) and 319 after standardization (2011–2012). Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) were observed between the 2 groups for multiple variables: there were more girls, more first-time concussions, fewer initial presentations to the emergency department, more consistent administration of the SCAT2, and more consistent supervision of return to play and return to think after adoption of the protocol.

Conclusions
A combination of increased public awareness and legislation has led to a 5-fold increase in the number of youth athletes presenting for concussion evaluation at the authors' center. Establishment of a multidisciplinary clinic with a standardized protocol resulted in significantly decreased institutional resource utilization and more consistent concussion care for this growing patient population.
Le rôle du Moyen-Orient dans les nouvelles relations internationales de l'Amérique latine
Authors: Baeza Cecilia 
Published: November 2013

À quoi correspond la multiplication des échanges depuis quelques années entre l’Amérique latine et le Moyen-Orient ? Cecilia Baeza montre à travers cet exemple que le nouveau paysage des relations internationales du sous-continent est travaillé par plusieurs logiques à la fois : la recherche d’autonomie à travers de nouveaux liens Sud-Sud, le fonctionnement des liens transnationaux entre les diasporas moyen-orientales et leurs pays d’origine ; mais aussi la poursuite banale et pragmatique d’intérêts commerciaux avec de nouveaux partenaires, sous l’influence d’acteurs privés. Si seuls ont compté pendant des siècles les rapports avec les puissances européennes, puis avec les États-Unis, à l’heure actuelle les relations se diversifient, pour des raisons qui relèvent tantôt de motifs idéologiques, tantôt d’« intérêts » au sens le plus ordinaire du terme.
Cartel Resilience in Australian Markets 1901–1967
Authors: Shanahan Martin P. , Round David K. , Round Kerrie A. 
Published: November 2013

Résistance et capacité d’adaptation des cartels sur les marchés australiens (1901-1967) Cet article examine la persistance du comportement de cartel en Australie. Il tire bénéfice de l’évidence relevée de 1901 à 1939, lorsque l’intérêt pour les cartels était intense. Il s’appuie aussi sur les études académiques menées depuis les années 1950 et 1960, à la fin desquelles fut introduite une législation antitrust moderne. Le but n’est pas d’identifier les cartels à long terme, mais les facteurs qui ont pu conduire à l’émergence du comportement de cartel. Il est possible d’identifier un comportement de préférence pour les cartels chez divers acteurs durant différentes périodes et dans certaines circonstances, mais toujours dans les mêmes industries et dans le même environnement ou dans d’autres qui leur sont immédiatement liés. Se trouve ainsi démontrée la réalité d’une « résilience » des cartels, c’est-à-dire d’une double capacité de résistance et d’adaptation. Bien que l’étude des structures industrielles puisse fournir la meilleure preuve « anthropologique » de l’existence des cartels, beaucoup peut être appris de la mise en évidence, sur une longue période, d’un comportement favorable aux cartels par-delà les types d’activités et de marchés. JEL Codes: K21, L41, N80
TLR1/2 Ligand–Stimulated Mouse Liver Endothelial Cells Secrete IL-12 and Trigger CD8+ T Cell Immunity In Vitro
Authors: Liu Jia , Jiang Min , Ma Zhiyong , Dietze Kirsten K. , Zelinskyy Gennadiy , Yang Dongliang , Dittmer Ulf , Schlaak Joerg F. , Roggendorf Michael , Lu Mengji 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are unique organ-resident APCs capable of Ag cross-presentation and subsequent tolerization of naive CD8+ T cells. Under certain conditions, LSECs can switch from a tolerogenic to an immunogenic state and promote the development of T cell immunity. However, little is known about the mechanisms of LSECs to induce T cell immunity. In this study, we investigated whether functional maturation of LSECs can be achieved by TLR ligand stimulation and elucidated the mechanisms involved in LSEC-induced T cell immunity. We demonstrate that pretreatment of LSECs with palmitoyl-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4 (P3C; TLR1/2 ligand) but not poly(I:C) (TLR3 ligand) or LPS (TLR4 ligand) reverted their suppressive properties to induce T cell immunity. Importantly, P3C stimulation caused functional maturation of Ag-presenting LSECs and enabled them to activate virus-specific CD8+ T cells. The LSEC-mediated CD8+ T cell immunity was initiated by soluble mediators, one of which was IL-12 secreted at a low but sustained level after P3C stimulation. P3C stimulation did not induce programmed death ligand 1 expression on LSECs, thereby favoring T cell proliferation and activation instead of suppression. Our data suggest that LSECs undergo maturation exclusively in response to TLR1/2 ligand stimulation and that the immunological status of LSECs was dependent upon the balance between programmed death ligand 1 and IL-12 expression. These results have implications for our understanding of liver-specific tolerance and autoimmunity and for the development of strategies to overcome T cell tolerance in situations such as chronic viral liver infections or liver cancer.
In Vivo Blockade of the Programmed Cell Death-1 Pathway Using Soluble Recombinant PD-1-Fc Enhances CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses but Has Limited Clinical Benefit
Authors: Amancha Praveen K. , Hong Jung Joo , Rogers Kenneth , Ansari Aftab A. , Villinger Francois 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 pathway has been shown to limit cell-mediated effector functions during chronic viral infections impeding clearance of pathogens. As a strategy to reverse this exhaustion and increase T cell polyfunctionality, PD-1 ligands were blocked in vivo using a recombinant macaque PD-1 fused to a macaque Ig-Fc (rPD-1-Fc) in SIVmac239–infected rhesus macaques during the early chronic phase of infection, either alone or in combination with antiretroviral therapy. In vitro blockade showed improvement of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from monkeys chronically infected with SIV. Of note, a prolonged 5-d blockade in culture was beneficial for both gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells based on proliferation and dual cytokine production. Although the in vivo administration of rPD-1-Fc induced enhanced SIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation both in the blood and gut, it failed to alter plasma viremia. However, rPD-1-Fc administration in the context of antiretroviral therapy interruption induced a significant delay of viral load rebound. In addition, rPD-1-Fc administration in MamuA*001+ monkeys led to both an increase in the frequencies and Ki67 expression of GagCM9+ CD8+ T cells in the blood and rectal mucosa and polyfunctionality of GagCM9+ CD8+ T cells in blood. In conclusion, however, our data suggest that PD-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 blockade using soluble rPD-1-Fc instead of anti–PD-1 mAb, although effective in rescuing the effector function of SIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the early chronic phase of infection, has limited clinical benefit.
Adult Intussusception of Appendicular Mucinous Cystoadenoma
Authors: Feliu Francesc , Rueda Juan C. , Escuder Jorge , Gris Fernando , Jiménez Andrea , Vicente Vicente 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntussusception is a rare cause of adult intestinal obstruction. Clinical manifestations are not specific, which makes a preoperative diagnosis difficult to establish and often causes delay. We report a case of acute intestinal obstruction due to ileocolic intussusception. An emergency laparoscopy was performed revealing an obstructive mass at the ileocecal region resulting from an appendicular tumor. A right hemicolectomy was conducted. The pathologic examination of the resected sample concluded the mass comprised an appendicular mucinous cystoadenoma. We discuss the clinical features, preoperative diagnosis, and surgical strategies of adult intussusception, as well as the uncommon finding of an appendicular mucinous tumor as its causative lesion, with a review of the available literature.
Hemoptysis and Acute Respiratory Syndrome (ARDS) as Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity After FOLFOX4 Plus Bevacizumab Treatment
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Masaki Tadahiko , Kogawa Koji , Matsuoka Hiroyoshi , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAs there have been many multidrug regimens introduced in colorectal cancer treatment, hypersensitivity is more often encountered than in the past. Though most allergic adverse events of oxaliplatin are mainly classified as type I reaction, a limited number of case reports of type IV reaction (delayed-type hypersensitivity) have been reported. A 73-year-old man was hospitalized for receiving the third cycle of FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab. Forty-two hours after administration, he had dyspnea and hemoptysis. Acute respiratory distress syndrome was suspected, and the patient underwent mechanical ventilation and steroid pulse therapy. Delayed-type hypersensitivity is induced by induction of inflammation via IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6. The serum level of IL-6 in patients with advanced colorectal cancers is usually greater than the normal range. Therefore, delayed-type hypersensitivity may be easily induced in those patients. We should pay special attention to delayed-type hypersensitivity in advanced colorectal cancer patients undergoing FOLFOX treatment.
Favorable Response After Gemcitabine-Radiotherapy for Invasive Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm: A Case Report
Authors: Ochiai Takanori , Igari Kimihiro , Furuyama Takaki , Ito Hiromitsu , Mitsunori Yusuke , Aihara Arihiro , Kumagai Yoichi , Iida Michio , Odajima Hajime , Tanaka Shinji , Arii Shigeki , Yamazaki Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma derived from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has not been established. The subject of the present report was a 53-year-old man admitted for the treatment of IPMN. The tumor, located in the pancreatic body, was of the mixed type of IPMN, and it involved the branch duct, where it was 38 mm in diameter, and the main duct, where it was 6 mm in diameter. Distal pancreatectomy was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful; however, histopathologic diagnosis revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with a positive surgical margin in the pancreatic duct. Although total pancreatectomy was recommended, chemoradiotherapy (50.4-Gy irradiation and gemcitabine) was preferred by the patient. At 9-month follow up, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic mass at the surgical margin of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a 44-mm cystic lesion with nodules in the remnant pancreas, on the basis of which he underwent total pancreatectomy. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed absence of the epithelium at the surgical margin of the main pancreatic duct, and malignant cells were not detected.
Port Site Metastasis After Laparoscopic-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy (LADG)
Authors: Sakurai Katsunobu , Tanaka Hiroaki , Lee Tomohiro , Muguruma Kazuya , Kubo Naoshi , Yashiro Masakazu , Ohira Masaichi , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This report describes a case of port site metastasis after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A 57-year-old man with clinical cTNM stage II (T2 N0 M0) gastric cancer was admitted to our hospital. After administration of an oral fluoropyrimidine drug (S-1) for 2 weeks, he underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG). On hematoxylin and eosin staining, the pTNM stage was IA (T1b N0 M0). Eighteen months later, the patient developed a subcutaneous metastasis at the trocar site. A second operation was performed, and the abdominal wall mass was resected. The histological finding confirmed a diagnosis of metastatic gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed micrometastasis in fat tissue adjacent to the lymph node near the left gastric artery. Surgeons should be aware that port site metastasis can occur in patients undergoing LADG for gastric cancer with lymphatic micrometastasis, which is undetectable on routine hematoxylin and eosin staining.
A New Technique in Management of Pilonidal Sinus, a University Teaching Hospital Experience
Authors: Aldaqal Saleh M. , Kensarah Ahmed A. , Alhabboubi Mostafa , Ashy Abdulrahman A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper evaluates a new technique that can lead to excision of pilonidal sinus with less healing time and low recurrence rate. A prospective randomized double-blind controlled study on 142 patients with pilonidal sinus conducted during the period from September 2008 to March 2012. The patients were prospectively randomized to be operated with one of four surgical techniques, excision and primary closure, or excision after using hydrogen peroxide (H202) and primary closure, or excision without closure, or excision after injection of H202 without closure. The main outcome measures were the healing time and the recurrence rate. Out of 142 patients, 118 patients were males (83%), and 24 were females (17%). The mean age was 24.5 years. The recurrence rate in patients treated with excision after injection of H202 without closure was the lowest (1.8%) with P-value &lt; 0.005, and the mean duration of healing was 30.7 days with P-value &lt; 0.005. We recommend using excision after injection of H202 without closure in management of PNS. Injection of H202 into the pilonidal tracts can give a precise delineation of the affected tracts, which can be excised with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues and hence lead to a quicker recovery and low recurrence rate.
Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor With Elevated Serum CA19-9 Level Mimicking Liver Metastasis From Rectal Cancer: Report of a Case
Authors: Shirai Yoshihiro , Shiba Hiroaki , Fujiwara Yuki , Eto Ken , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is rare, and differential diagnosis from malignant tumors is difficult. We herein report a case of IPT of the liver with marked elevation of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A 72-year-old woman, who underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer, had low-grade fever and epigastric pain. The patient has well-controlled idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with steroid maintenance treatment. Abnormal laboratory findings included serum carcinoembryonic antigen of 15.9 ng/mL and CA19-9 up to 14,632 U/mL. Computed tomography revealed a low-density lesion, and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a high intensity lesion on T1, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted images (55 × 22 mm in the Couinaud's segment 4 of the liver). However, 1 month after the appearance of the symptom, serum level of CA19-9 suddenly decreased to 37 U/mL. The tumor decreased spontaneously to 20 × 10 mm. Seven months later, the tumor had reduced to 18 × 11 mm. With a diagnosis of IPT, the patient remains well without regrowth of the tumor at 1 year follow-up after CA19-9 decrease to normal limits.
Temperature‐dependent remineralization in a warming ocean increases surface pCO2 through changes in marine ecosystem composition
Authors: Segschneider Joachim , Bendtsen Jørgen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTemperature‐dependent remineralization of organic matter is, in general, not included in marine biogeochemistry models currently used for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections. Associated feedbacks have therefore not been quantified. In this study we aim at investigating how temperature‐dependent remineralization rates (Q10 = 2) in a warming ocean impact on the marine carbon cycle, and if this may weaken the oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. We perturb an Earth system model used for CMIP5 with temperature‐dependent remineralization rates of organic matter using representative concentration pathway (RCP)8.5‐derived temperature anomalies for 2100. The result is a modest change of organic carbon export but also derived effects associated with feedback processes between changed nutrient concentrations and ecosystem structure. As more nutrients are recycled in the euphotic layer, increased primary production causes a depletion of silicate in the surface layer as opal is exported to depth more efficiently than particulate organic carbon. Shifts in the ecosystem occur as diatoms find less favorable conditions. Export production of calcite shells increases causing a decrease in alkalinity and higher surface pCO2. With regard to future climate projections, the results indicate a reduction of oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 of about 0.2 PgC yr−1 toward the end of the 21st century in addition to reductions caused by already identified climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks. Similar shifts in the ecosystem as identified here, but driven by external forcing, have been proposed to drive glacial/interglacial changes in atmospheric pCO2. We propose a similar positive feedback between climate perturbations and the global carbon cycle but driven solely by internal biogeochemical processes.
Changes in the atmospheric helium isotope ratio over the past 40 years
Authors: Lupton J. , Evans L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have compared the helium isotope ratio in five samples of Pacific marine air spanning the 40 year period between 1973 and 2013 against a secondary gas standard. In a separate experiment we directly compared the 3He/4He ratio in air samples collected in 1973 and 2013 at the same location in La Jolla, California, eliminating any geographical bias. Both experiments are consistent with zero time rate of change for atmospheric 3He/4He. Our best estimate for the rate of change of the 3He/4He ratio in Pacific marine air is −0.0014 ± 0.0045%/yr (2σ), indicating that air helium is still a valid standard for terrestrial helium isotope measurements.
Similarity and difference of the two successive V6 and V7 TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis performance over China
Authors: Chen Sheng , Hong Yang , Cao Qing , Gourley Jonathan J. , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Yong Bin , Tian Yudong , Zhang Zengxin , Shen Yan , Hu Junjun , Hardy Jill 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSimilarities and differences of spatial error structures of surface precipitation estimated with successive version 6 (V6) and version 7 (V7) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) algorithms are systematically analyzed through comparison with the China Meteorological Administration's national daily precipitation analysis from June 2008 to May 2011. The TMPA products include V6 and V7 real‐time products 3B42RTV6 and 3B42RTV7 and research products 3B42V6 and 3B42V7. Both versions of research products outperform their respective real‐time counterparts. 3B42V7 clearly improves upon 3B42V6 over China in terms of daily mean precipitation; the correlation coefficient (CC) increases from 0.89 to 0.93, the relative bias (RB) improves from −4.91% to −0.05%, and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) improves from 0.69 mm to 0.54 mm. When considering 3 year mean precipitation, 3B42V7 shows similar spatial patterns and statistical performance to 3B42V6. Both 3B42RTV7 and 3B42RTV6 demonstrate similar bias patterns in most regions of China with overestimation by 20% in arid regions (i.e., the north and west of China) and slight underestimation in humid regions (e.g., −5.82% in southern China). However, 3B42RTV7 overestimates precipitation more than 3B42RTV6 in the cold Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau, resulting in a much higher RB of 139.95% (128.69%, 136.09%, and 121.11%) in terms of 3 year annual (spring, summer, and autumn) daily mean precipitation and an even worse performance during winter. In this region, 3B42RTV7 shows an overall slightly degraded performance than 3B42RTV6 with CC decreasing from 0.81 to 0.73 and RB (RMSE) increasing from 21.22% (0.95 mm) to 35.84% (1.27 mm) in terms of daily precipitation.