bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the effort/reward imbalance questionnaire in health professionals from six Latin‐American countries
Authors: Juárez‐García Arturo , Vera‐Calzaretta Aldo , Blanco‐Gomez Gisela , Gómez‐Ortíz Viviola , Hernández‐Mendoza Elena , Jacinto‐Ubillus José , Choi Bongkyoo 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThis study tests the validity and the invariance of ERI questionnaire (ERIQ) data from health professionals in six different Latin‐American countries.MethodsOne thousand two hundred ninety‐two (1292) participants who worked in hospitals in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela completed the ERI and GHQ questionnaires. Partial correlations were carried out as well as reliability statistics and confirmatory factor analyses to examine factor structure and invariance of ERIQ in each subsample.ResultsOverall confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the theoretical structure of the ERIQ. The effort and overcommitment scales were invariant (equivalent) across the six countries, but the reward scale was only partially invariant. Several associations between ERIQ and mental health remain significant after controlling for sociodemographic variables.ConclusionsAlthough the validity of the ERIQ’ scales were generally satisfactory in most Latin‐American samples, future research should examine in depth the equivalence of reward scale across Latin‐American cultures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:636–649, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination of blunt cardiac and pericardial injury presenting a massive hemothorax without hemopericardium
Authors: Kittaka Hirotada , Yagi Yoshiki , Zushi Ryosuke , Hazui Hiroshi , Akimoto Hiroshi 
Published: April 2015

CaseA 64‐year‐old man was injured after falling from a height of 5 m and was transported to our institution. On presentation, his hemodynamic state was unstable, and both focused assessment with sonography for trauma and enhanced computed tomography imaging revealed massive left pleural effusion, but no pericardial effusion. He went into cardiopulmonary arrest just before surgery, so an urgent left anterolateral thoracotomy followed by open chest cardiac massage and aortic clamping were carried out. By performing an additional right anterior thoracotomy, a left pleuropericardial laceration and a perforation measuring 1 cm in diameter at the left ventricle were found. The patient's dynamic state stabilized following the restoration of hemostasis by suturing the rupture site.OutcomeThe patient's postoperative course was favorable, and he was discharged after 20 days of hospitalization.ConclusionBlunt cardiac and pericardial injury rarely causes massive hemothorax with no hemopericardium, resulting in hemorrhagic shock.
Metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a non‐hospital environment
Authors: Okazaki Rumi , Hagiwara Shuichi , Kimura Takao , Tokue Yutaka , Kambe Masahiko , Murata Masato , Aoki Makoto , Kaneko Minoru , Oshima Kiyohiro , Murakami Masami 
Published: April 2015

CaseA 92‐year‐old female resident at a nursing home was transported to the emergency department unconscious, hypotensive, and febrile. Chest X‐rays and computed tomography revealed a permeation shadow in the right lung. The patient was diagnosed with sepsis due to pneumonia. At the time of admission, she had not received antibiotics or treatment using medical devices over the past 6 months. Two sets of samples were taken for blood and sputum cultures, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from all cultures. The strain was identified as metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing K. pneumoniae, and the patient was successfully treated with tazobactam–piperacillin. This case indicates that metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing K. pneumoniae infection occurred in a non‐hospital environment.OutcomeAfter tazobactam–piperacillin treatment, the patient was transferred to another hospital.ConclusionEmergency physicians should be aware of multidrug‐resistant bacterial infection even in a non‐hospital setting.
Assembly and Purification of Enzyme‐Functionalized DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Timm Christopher , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe positioning of enzymes on DNA nanostructures for the study of spatial effects in interacting biomolecular assemblies requires chemically mild immobilization procedures as well as efficient means for separating unbound proteins from the assembled constructs. We herein report the exploitation of free‐flow electrophoresis (FFE) for the purification of DNA origami structures decorated with biotechnologically relevant recombinant enzymes: the S‐selective NADP+/NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductase Gre2 from S. Cerevisiae and the reductase domain of the monooxygenase P450 BM3 from B. megaterium. The enzymes were fused with orthogonal tags to facilitate site‐selective immobilization. FFE purification yielded enzyme–origami constructs whose specific activity was quantitatively analyzed. All origami‐tethered enzymes were significantly more active than the free enzymes, thereby suggesting a protective influence of the large, highly charged DNA nanostructure on the stability of the proteins.
An Organic Microlaser Array Based on a Lateral Microcavity of a Single J‐aggregation Microbelt
Authors: Liao Qing , Jin Xue , Zhang Haihua , Xu Zhenzhen , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA laser array on the nano‐ and microscale is a key component for integration in photonic devices, but remains a challenge when using semiconductor nanowire lasers. Here we report a low‐threshold lateral‐cavity microlaser, formed between two lateral‐faces of a single‐crystalline organic microbelt (OMB) of 1,4‐dimethoxy‐2,5‐di[4′‐(cyano)styryl]benzene (COPV). By cutting a single OMB into six pieces by a top‐down two‐photon processing technique, we successfully fabricated a compact and uniform 1×6 microlaser array along the length direction of the OMB. The microlasers had excellent reproducibility and addressable high precision, thus making them attractive candidates as miniaturized coherent light sources for future nanophotonics.
Polyimide Dendrimers Containing Multiple Electron Donor–Acceptor Units and Their Unique Photophysical Properties
Authors: Toma Francesca M. , Puntoriero Fausto , Pho Toan V. , La Rosa Marcello , Jun Young‐Si , Tremolet de Villers Bertrand J. , Pavlovich James , Stucky Galen D. , Campagna Sebastiano , Wudl Fred 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA high‐yielding synthesis of a series of polyimide dendrimers, including decacyclene‐ and perylene‐containing dendrimer D6, in which two types of polyimide dyes are present, is reported. In these constructs, the branching unit is represented by trisphenylamine, and the solubilizing chains by N‐9‐heptadecanyl‐substituted perylene diimides. The photophysical properties of the dendrimers have been studied by absorption, steady‐state, and time‐resolved emission spectroscopy and pump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoinduced charge‐separated (CS) states are formed on the femtosecond timescale upon visible excitation. In particular, in D6, two different CS states can be formed, involving different subunits that decays independently with different lifetimes (ca. 10–100 ps).
Distinct Proton and Water Reduction Behavior with a Cobalt(III) Electrocatalyst Based on Pentadentate Oximes
Authors: Basu Debashis , Mazumder Shivnath , Shi Xuetao , Staples Richard J. , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Verani Cláudio N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new pentadentate oxime has been designed to drive the preferential coordination favored by CoI in catalysts used for proton/water reduction. The ligand incorporates water upon metal coordination and is water soluble. This CoIII species is doubly reduced to CoI and exhibits H+ reduction activity in the presence of weak acids in MeCN and evolves H2 upon protonation suggesting that the ligand design increases catalyst effectiveness. Superior catalysis is observed in water with a turnover number (TON) of 5700 over 18 h. However, the catalyst yields Co‐based nanoparticles, indicating that the solvent media may dictate the nature of the catalyst.
The Mechanism of Color Change in the Neon Tetra Fish: a Light‐Induced Tunable Photonic Crystal Array
Authors: Gur Dvir , Palmer Benjamin A. , Leshem Ben , Oron Dan , Fratzl Peter , Weiner Steve , Addadi Lia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe fresh water fish neon tetra has the ability to change the structural color of its lateral stripe in response to a change in the light conditions, from blue‐green in the light‐adapted state to indigo in the dark‐adapted state. The colors are produced by constructive interference of light reflected from stacks of intracellular guanine crystals, forming tunable photonic crystal arrays. We have used micro X‐ray diffraction to track in time distinct diffraction spots corresponding to individual crystal arrays within a single cell during the color change. We demonstrate that reversible variations in crystal tilt within individual arrays are responsible for the light‐induced color variations. These results settle a long‐standing debate between the two proposed models, the “Venetian blinds” model and the “accordion” model. The insight gained from this biogenic light‐induced photonic tunable system may provide inspiration for the design of artificial optical tunable systems.
From the Bench to the Field in Low‐Cost Diagnostics: Two Case Studies
Authors: Kumar Ashok A. , Hennek Jonathan W. , Smith Barbara S. , Kumar Shailendra , Beattie Patrick , Jain Sidhartha , Rolland Jason P. , Stossel Thomas P. , Chunda‐Liyoka Catherine , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite the growth of research in universities on point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics for global health, most devices never leave the laboratory. The processes that move diagnostic technology from the laboratory to the field—the processes intended to evaluate operation and performance under realistic conditions—are more complicated than they might seem. Two case studies illustrate this process: the development of a paper‐based device to measure liver function, and the development of a device to identify sickle cell disease based on aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS) and differences in the densities of normal and sickled cells. Details of developing these devices provide strategies for forming partnerships, prototyping devices, designing studies, and evaluating POC diagnostics. Technical and procedural lessons drawn from these experiences may be useful to those designing diagnostic tests for developing countries, and more generally, technologies for use in resource‐limited environments.
Graft‐Copolymer‐Based Approach to Clear, Durable, and Anti‐Smudge Polyurethane Coatings
Authors: Rabnawaz Muhammad , Liu Guojun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClear anti‐smudge coatings with a thickness of up to tens of micrometers have been prepared through a graft‐copolymer‐based approach from commercial precursors. The coatings repel water, diiodomethane, hexadecane, ink, and an artificial fingerprint liquid. In addition, they can be readily applied onto different substrates using different coating methods. These coatings could find applications in protecting hand‐held electronic devices from fingerprints, windows from stains, and buildings from graffiti.
Unprecedented Mechanism Employed by the Salmonella enterica EutT ATP:CoIrrinoid Adenosyltransferase Precludes Adenosylation of Incomplete CoIIrrinoids
Authors: Park Kiyoung , Mera Paola E. , Moore Theodore C. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C. , Brunold Thomas C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree distinct families of ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferases (ACATs) exist that are capable of converting vitamin B12 derivatives into coenzyme B12 by catalyzing the thermodynamically challenging reduction of CoIIrrinoids to form “supernucleophilic” CoI intermediates. While the structures and mechanisms of two of the ACAT families have been studied extensively, little is known about the EutT enzymes beyond the fact that they exhibit a unique requirement for a divalent metal cofactor for enzymatic activity. In this study we have obtained compelling evidence that EutT converts cob(II)alamin into an effectively four‐coordinate CoII species so as to facilitate CoII→CoI reduction. Intriguingly, EutT fails to promote axial ligand dissociation from the substrate analogue cob(II)inamide, a natural precursor of cob(II)alamin. This unique substrate specificity of EutT has important physiological implications.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols: Unexpected Reactivity Trend Indicates Ester Enolate Intermediacy
Authors: Srimani Dipankar , Mukherjee Arup , Goldberg Alexander F. G. , Leitus Gregory , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Shimon Linda J. W. , Ben David Yehoshoa , Milstein David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe atom‐efficient and environmentally benign catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acid esters to alcohols has been accomplished in recent years mainly with precious‐metal‐based catalysts, with few exceptions. Presented here is the first cobalt‐catalyzed hydrogenation of esters to the corresponding alcohols. Unexpectedly, the evidence indicates the unprecedented involvement of ester enolate intermediates.
Effect of the intermediate layer–core ratio on the morphology and opacity ability of hollow latex particles
Authors: Yuan Teng , Shao Qinghui , Hu Jianqing , Wang Feng , Tu Weiping 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, well‐monodispersed hollow latex particles were synthesized through semicontinuous seed emulsion polymerization, and the effect of the hollow latex particles' intermediate layer–core ratios on their morphology and opacity ability were studied. The results show that when the intermediate layer–core ratios increased from 6 to 10, the swelling degree of the hollow latex particles decreased, and the intensity gradually increased, but the opacity ability increased first and then decreased. When the intermediate layer–core ratio was 8, the opacity ability of the hollow latex particles was the best. When the intermediate layer–core ratios were 6 and 7, the surface of the hollow latex particles was rough, and they showed a great swelling degree, big cavity, and thin shell, and few of latex particles collapsed or ruptured. When the intermediate layer–core ratios were 9 and 10, the hollow latex particles had a smooth surface, thick shell, and small swelling degree and cavity, and roughly, there was no collapse or rupture of the hollow latex particles. When the intermediate layer–core ratio was 8, the swelling degree of the hollow latex particles was moderate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42268.
Degradation in soil behavior of artificially aged polyethylene films with pro‐oxidants
Authors: Briassoulis Demetres , Babou Epifaneia , Hiskakis Miltiadis , Kyrikou Ioanna 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBio‐based, biodegradable in soil, as well as degradable polyethylene mulching films with pro‐oxidants, have been introduced in the market in an effort to deal with the serious problem of managing plastic waste streams generated from conventional mulching films. In a previous experimental investigation, a series of naturally degraded under water melon cultivation conditions linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) mulching films with pro‐oxidants, buried in the field for 8.5 years, were recovered intact even though undergoing a continuous slow abiotic degradation in soil. The aim of the present article was to simulate the behavior of the LLDPE mulching films with pro‐oxidants under a much longer time‐scale (e.g. some decades). Toward this purpose, samples of LLDPE with pro‐oxidants film were artificially degraded to simulate severe degradation/fragmentation of these films while been buried in the soil for many years, following the end of the cultivation season. Further degradation of these severely degraded samples was investigated by burying them in the soil over a period of seven years. During this burial period, all degradation parameters and their evolution with time were measured. The artificially degraded LLDPE film samples with pro‐oxidants, in contrast to the naturally degraded film that remained intact for 8.5 years, were gradually transformed into tiny micro‐fragments in the soil. These fragments, through a continuing abiotic degradation process under natural soil conditions are eventually transformed into invisible micro‐fragments. The fate of these micro‐fragments and their long‐term impact to the environment and human health is unpredictable. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42289.
In situ injectable poly(γ‐glutamic acid) based biohydrogel formed by enzymatic crosslinking
Authors: Fan Zhiping , Zhang Yemin , Zhang Wei , Li Xinsong 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEnzymatic crosslinking was developed to prepare in situ forming poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) based hydrogel in this study. First, the precursor of poly(γ‐glutamic acid)–tyramine (γ‐PGA–Ty) was synthesized through the reaction of carboxyl groups from a γ‐PGA backbone with tyramine. The structure of the grafted precursor was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After that, the crosslinking of the phenol‐containing γ‐PGA–Ty precursor was triggered by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of H2O2; this resulted in the formation of the γ‐PGA–Ty hydrogels. The equilibrium water content, morphology, enzymatic degradation rate, and mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized in detail. The data revealed that the well‐interconnected hydrogels had tunable water contents, mechanical properties, and degradability through adjustments of the composition. Furthermore, cell experiments proved the biocompatibility of the hydrogels by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. These characteristics provide an opportunity for the in situ formation of injectable biohydrogels as potential candidates in cell encapsulation and drug delivery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42301.
MicroRNA‐9 Promotion of Interleukin‐6 Expression by Inhibiting Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein–Induced Protein 1 Expression in Interleukin‐1β–Stimulated Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Makki Mohammad S. , Haseeb Abdul , Haqqi Tariq M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveEnhanced expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Monocyte chemoattractant protein–induced protein 1 (MCPIP‐1) is a novel posttranscriptional regulator of IL‐6 expression and is targeted by microRNA‐9 (miR‐9). We investigated the expression of MCPIP‐1 in OA cartilage and explored whether targeting of MCPIP‐1 by miR‐9 contributes to enhanced IL‐6 expression in OA.MethodsGene and protein expression in IL‐1β–stimulated human OA chondrocytes/cartilage was determined by TaqMan assay and immunoblotting, respectively. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for MCPIP‐1 and IL‐6 expression at the single‐cell level was analyzed using RNAscope. MCPIP‐1 protein interaction with IL‐6 mRNA was investigated using RNA immunoprecipitation. Transient transfections were used for the small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown and overexpression of MCPIP‐1, its RNase‐defective mutant miR‐9, or antagomir. The role of signaling pathways was evaluated using small‐molecule inhibitors. Binding of miR‐9 with the “seed sequence” in the 3′‐untranslated region of MCPIP‐1 mRNA was investigated using a luciferase reporter assay.ResultsMCPIP‐1 mRNA expression was low, but expression of miR‐9 and IL‐6 was high, in damaged OA cartilage. In IL‐1β–stimulated OA chondrocytes, the expression of miR‐9 and MCPIP‐1 was mutually exclusive, and increased expression of miR‐9 correlated with reduced MCPIP‐1 expression and enhanced IL‐6 expression. MCPIP‐1 protein directly binds with IL‐6 mRNA, and overexpression of wild‐type MCPIP‐1 destabilized the IL‐6 mRNA. MCPIP‐1 expression was altered by overexpression or inhibition of miR‐9. Transfection with miR‐9 mimics inhibited the reporter activity, and mutation of the “seed sequence” abolished the repression of reporter activity.ConclusionThese findings implicate miR‐9–mediated suppression of MCPIP‐1 in the pathogenesis of OA via up‐regulation of IL‐6 expression in IL‐1β–stimulated human OA chondrocytes.
A Decision Support System for Design of Transmission System of Low Power Tractors
Authors: Chandel Narendra Singh , Tewari Virendra Kumar , Mehta Champat Raj , Patil Manohar Bhagavan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA decision support system (DSS) was developed in Visual Basic 6.0 programming language to design transmission system of low horsepower agricultural tractors, which involved the design of clutch and gearbox. The DSS provided graphical user interface by linking databases to support decision on design of transmission system for low horsepower tractors on the basis of modified ASABE draft model. The developed program for design of tractor transmission system calculated clutch size, gear ratios, number of teeth on each gear, and various gear design parameters. Related deviation was computed for design of transmission system of tractors based on measured and predicted values (simulated). The related deviation was less than 7% for design of clutch plate outer diameter and less than 3% for inner diameter. There was less than 1% variation between the predicted results by the developed DSS and those obtained from actual measurement for design of gear ratio. The DSS program was user friendly and efficient for predicting the design of transmission system for different tractor models to meet requirements of research institutions and industry. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:760–770, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21648
Current practices in cancer pain management in Asia: a survey of patients and physicians across 10 countries
Authors:   The ACHEON Working Group, Kim Yong‐Chul , Ahn Jin Seok , Calimag Maria Minerva P. , Chao Ta Chung , Ho Kok Yuen , Tho Lye Mun , Xia Zhong‐Jun , Ward Lois , Moon Hanlim , Bhagat Abhishek 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn order to implement more effective policies for cancer pain management, a better understanding of current practices is needed. Physicians managing cancer pain and patients experiencing cancer pain were randomly surveyed across 10 Asian countries to assess attitudes and perceptions toward cancer pain management. A total of 463 physicians (77.3% oncologists) with a median experience of 13 years were included. Medical school training on opioid use was considered inadequate by 30.5% of physicians and 55.9% indicated ≤10 h of continuing medical education (CME). Of the 1190 patients included, 1026 reported moderate‐to‐severe pain (median duration, 12 months). Discordance was observed between physician and patient outcomes on pain assessment with 88.3% of physicians reporting pain quantification, while 49.5% of patients claimed that no scale was used. Inadequate assessment of pain was recognized as a barrier to therapy optimization by 49.7% of physicians. Additional barriers identified were patients' reluctance owing to fear of addiction (67.2%) and adverse events (65.0%), patients' reluctance to report pain (52.5%), excessive regulations (48.0%) and reluctance to prescribe opioids (42.8%). Opioid use was confirmed only in 53.2% (286/538) of patients remembering their medication. Pain affected the activities of daily living for 81.3% of patients. These findings highlight the need for better training and CME opportunities for cancer pain management in Asia. Collaborative efforts between physicians, patients, policy makers, and related parties may assist in overcoming the barriers identified. Addressing the opioid stigma and enhancing awareness is vital to improving current standards of patient care.