bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography Scoring System for Measurement of Urate Deposition in Gout
Authors: Bayat Sara , Aati Opetaia , Rech Jürgen , Sapsford Mark , Cavallaro Alexander , Lell Michael , Araujo Elizabeth , Petsch Christina , Stamp Lisa K. , Schett Georg , Manger Bernhard , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo develop a semiquantitative dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scoring system for measurement of urate deposition in gout.MethodsFollowing a structured review of images, a semiquantitative DECT urate scoring method for foot/ankle scans was developed for testing. This method included 4 regions, each scored 0–3, with a maximum total DECT urate score of 12. DECT scans from 224 patients (182 with gout, 42 without gout) were scored by 2 independent readers. Automated urate volumes were also measured. Paired scans from 8 patients receiving pegloticase were analyzed, and a timing exercise was undertaken. The properties of the DECT urate score were analyzed according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) filter.ResultsThe interreader intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) for the DECT urate score was 0.98 (0.97–0.98). All scored regions contributed to the total DECT urate score. DECT urate scores and volumes were highly correlated (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). Both DECT urate scores and volumes discriminated between gout and nongout control participants and between the tophaceous gout, nontophaceous gout, and control groups. Compared with urate volume, the DECT urate score had greater ability to discriminate between responders and nonresponders to pegloticase therapy (P < 0.001 for DECT urate score and P > 0.05 for volume). The mean ± SD time required for the DECT urate score was 121 ± 2 seconds and for urate volume was 240 ± 2 seconds (P = 2 × 10−31).ConclusionWe have developed a novel semiquantitative DECT scoring method for measurement of urate deposition in the feet/ankles. This method fulfills many aspects of the OMERACT filter.
Development of a Novel Renal Activity Index of Lupus Nephritis in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Bennett Michael R. , Abulaban Khalid , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , O'Neil Kathleen M. , Tucker Lori , Ardoin Stacy P. , Rouster‐Stevens Kelly A. , Onel Karen B. , Singer Nora G. , Anne Eberhard B. , Jung Lawrence K. , Imundo Lisa , Wright Tracey B. , Witte David , Rovin Brad H. , Ying Jun , Devarajan Prasad 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveNoninvasive estimation of the degree of inflammation seen on kidney biopsy with lupus nephritis (LN) remains difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a Renal Activity Index for Lupus (RAIL) that, based solely on laboratory measures, accurately reflects histologic LN activity.MethodsWe assayed traditional LN laboratory tests and 16 urine biomarkers (UBMs) in children (n = 47) at the time of kidney biopsy. Histologic LN activity was measured by the National Institutes of Health activity index (NIH‐AI) and the tubulointerstitial activity index (TIAI). High LN‐activity status (versus moderate/low) was defined as NIH‐AI scores >10 (versus ≤10) or TIAI scores >5 (versus ≤5). RAIL algorithms that predicted LN‐activity status for both NIH‐AI and TIAI were derived by stepwise multivariate logistic regression, considering traditional biomarkers and UBMs as candidate components. The accuracy of the RAIL for discriminating by LN‐activity status was determined.ResultsThe differential excretion of 6 UBMs (neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, hemopexin, and kidney injury molecule 1) standardized by urine creatinine was considered in the RAIL. These UBMs predicted LN‐activity (NIH‐AI) status with >92% accuracy and LN‐activity (TIAI) status with >80% accuracy. RAIL accuracy was minimally influenced by concomitant LN damage. Accuracies between 71% and 85% were achieved without standardization of the UBMs. The strength of these UBMs to reflect LN‐activity status was confirmed by principal component and linear discriminant analyses.ConclusionThe RAIL is a robust and highly accurate noninvasive measure of LN activity. The measurement properties of the RAIL, which reflect the degree of inflammatory changes as seen on kidney biopsy, will require independent validation.
Relationship Between Baseline and Early Changes in C‐Reactive Protein and Interleukin‐6 Levels and Clinical Response to Tocilizumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wang Jianmei , Devenport Jenny , Low Jason M. , Yu Dale , Hitraya Elena 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo clarify the relevance of measuring interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in order to predict clinical response to tocilizumab (TCZ) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.MethodsIn a pooled, post hoc analysis of 5 pivotal trials of TCZ, we examined the distributions of baseline serum concentrations of IL‐6 and CRP, stratified by randomized treatment group, and week 24 Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) status (DAS28 <2.6 versus DAS28 ≥2.6). Relationships between early biomarker changes and later changes in DAS28 scores were evaluated using Spearman's correlations and scatterplots. Finally, percentage changes from baseline in IL‐6 and CRP levels were evaluated.ResultsDistributions of baseline IL‐6 and CRP levels were similar for patients who achieved DAS28 scores <2.6 within 6 months of TCZ initiation and those who did not. Correlations between early changes in these 2 biomarkers and change in DAS28 scores were low (rho < 0.3 for all). Mean percentage increases from baseline in IL‐6 concentrations were observed in all treatment groups (highest in the 8 mg/kg dose group); mean percentage decreases in CRP concentrations were greater at week 2 and at all visits for the 8 mg/kg dose group.ConclusionBaseline serum concentrations of IL‐6 and CRP may not be predictive of clinical outcomes after TCZ treatment. Data demonstrate the efficacy of TCZ in patients across a broad range of baseline serum IL‐6 and CRP concentrations. Similarly, changes in these biomarkers after TCZ dosing are expected and may or may not correspond to changes in other clinical signs and symptoms. These results complement previous reports describing the complex interactions among biomarker changes, other therapeutic mechanisms of action, and clinical outcomes.
Chemoselective Reductive Deoxygenation and Reduction of α‐Keto Amides by using a Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Mamillapalli N. Chary , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA palladium catalyst is used to synthesize 2,N‐diphenylacetamides and α‐hydroxy amides from readily available α‐keto amides by chemoselective reductive deoxygenation and chemoselective reduction using polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). This methodology has the important advantage in that, just by changing the reaction solvent and temperature, the reaction can be switched from reductive deoxygenation to reduction of α‐keto amides. Using this protocol, several biologically important 2,N‐diphenylacetamide derivatives and α‐hydroxy amides were synthesized.magnified image
“Sequenzanalyse” konjugierter, mikroporöser Polymere (CMPs): Defektstrukturen eines Tetrakis(4‐ethinylphenyl)stannan‐Netzwerks
Authors: Uptmoor Andrea C. , Freudenberg Jan , Schwäbel S. Thimon , Paulus Fabian , Rominger Frank , Hinkel Felix , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractZwei konjugierte, mikroporöse Polymere (CMPs) auf Basis von Tetrakis(4‐ethinylphenyl)stannan als formaler Wiederholungseinheit wurden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer BET‐Oberflächen sowie ihrer thermischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Wir beschreiben zum ersten Mal eine direkte Methode zur Evaluierung der Molekülstruktur der organischen Verstrebungen, welche die Zinnzentren in den CMPs miteinander verbinden. Die gezielte und milde Zersetzung der Zinn‐CMPs erfolgt durch die Einwirkung von Chloressigsäure, wobei die Zinn‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen gespalten und die überraschend diversen Strukturen der organischen Brücken gezielt evaluiert werden können.
Velocity of a Molecule Evaporated from a Water Nanodroplet: Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics versus Non‐Ergodic Events
Authors: Abdoul‐Carime Hassan , Berthias Francis , Feketeová Linda , Marciante Mathieu , Calvo Florent , Forquet Valérian , Chermette Henry , Farizon Bernadette , Farizon Michel , Märk Tilmann D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe velocity of a molecule evaporated from a mass‐selected protonated water nanodroplet is measured by velocity map imaging in combination with a recently developed mass spectrometry technique. The measured velocity distributions allow probing statistical energy redistribution in ultimately small water nanodroplets after ultrafast electronic excitation. As the droplet size increases, the velocity distribution rapidly approaches the behavior expected for macroscopic droplets. However, a distinct high‐velocity contribution provides evidence of molecular evaporation before complete energy redistribution, corresponding to non‐ergodic events.
Iron‐Catalyzed CαH Oxidation of Tertiary, Aliphatic Amines to Amides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Legacy Christopher J. , Wang Anqi , O'Day Brian J. , Emmert Marion H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDe novo syntheses of amides often generate stoichiometric amounts of waste. Thus, recent progress in the field has focused on precious metal catalyzed, oxidative protocols to generate such functionalities. However, simple tertiary alkyl amines cannot be used as starting materials in these protocols. The research described herein enables the oxidative synthesis of amides from simple, noncyclic tertiary alkyl amines under synthetically useful, mild conditions through a biologically inspired approach: Fe‐catalyzed CαH functionalization. Mechanistic investigations provide insight into reaction intermediates and allow the development of a mild CαH cyanation method using the same catalyst system. The protocol was further applied to oxidize the drug Lidocaine, demonstrating the potential utility of the developed chemistry for metabolite synthesis.
Long‐Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission‐Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) or Microscopic Polyangiitis
Authors: Puéchal Xavier , Pagnoux Christian , Perrodeau Élodie , Hamidou Mohamed , Boffa Jean‐Jacques , Kyndt Xavier , Lifermann François , Papo Thomas , Merrien Dominique , Smail Amar , Delaval Philippe , Hanrotel‐Saliou Catherine , Imbert Bernard , Khouatra Chahéra , Lambert Marc , Leské Charles , Ly Kim H. , Pertuiset Edouard , Roblot Pascal , Ruivard Marc , Subra Jean‐François , Viallard Jean‐François , Terrier Benjamin , Cohen Pascal , Mouthon Luc , Le Jeunne Claire , Ravaud Philippe , Guillevin Loïc ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: October 2015

Objective Findings from the WEGENT trial and other short‐term studies have suggested that azathioprine (AZA) or methotrexate (MTX) could effectively maintain remission of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This study was undertaken to examine whether differences in rates of relapse or adverse events would appear after discontinuation of these 2 maintenance regimens, when assessed over a longer followup period.MethodsLong‐term outcomes in patients enrolled in the WEGENT trial were analyzed according to their randomized treatment group (AZA or MTX). Parameters at trial entry were evaluated as potential prognostic factors for death, relapse, or damage in multivariate models.Results Data from 10 years of followup were available for 112 (88.8%) of the 126 original trial participants. The median followup time was 11.9 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 11.3–12.5 years). In patients receiving AZA and those receiving MTX, the 10‐year overall survival rates were 75.1% (95% CI 64.8–86.9%) and 79.9% (95% CI 70.3–90.8%) (P = 0.56), respectively, and relapse‐free survival rates were 26.3% (95% CI 17.3–40.1%) and 33.5% (95% CI 23.5–47.7%) (P = 0.29), respectively. No between‐treatment differences were observed with regard to rates of relapse, adverse events, damage, survival without severe side effects, and survival without relapse and severe side effects. In analyses limited to the 97 patients with GPA, no between‐treatment differences in survival rates were observed. The 10‐year relapse‐free survival rate was lower in patients with GPA than in patients with MPA. However, in the multivariate analysis, anti–proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity, and not GPA, was retained as being independently associated with the relapse rate.ConclusionThe results of this long‐term analysis confirm that AZA and MTX are comparable treatment options for maintaining remission of GPA or MPA. Despite achieving good overall survival with these treatments, relapse rates, adverse events, and damage remain matters of concern and further studies are needed to reduce their frequency in these ANCA‐associated vasculitides.
Brief Report: Development and Validation of a Semiautomated Method to Measure Erosion Volume in Inflammatory Arthritis by Computed Tomography Scanning
Authors: Duryea Jeffrey , Russell Ruby , Gravallese Ellen M. , Kay Jonathan , Han Roger , Lu Bing , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveValid measurement of erosion volume in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will facilitate the testing of treatments that may help to heal erosion. This study was undertaken to develop and validate a software method to measure erosion volume on computed tomography (CT) scans of the hand and wrist.MethodsDuplicate CT acquisitions of both hands of 5 patients with RA were evaluated using a semiautomated software tool to measure erosion volume in the entire hand and wrist and in each of 6 subregions. Reproducibility was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root mean square standard deviation (RMSSD), and coefficient of variation (CV), and the analysis was performed at the level of the hand (n = 10) and the subject (n = 5).ResultsThe ICCs between 2 repositioned acquisitions were excellent, ranging from 0.97 to 1.00. At the hand level, the RMSSD was 15.6 mm3 with a CV of 7.3%, and the CVs at the 6 regions ranged from 7.6% to 21.0%. At the subject level, the RMSSD was 31.2 mm3 with a CV of 3.7%, and the CVs at the 6 regions ranged from 0.5% to 15.8%.ConclusionWe have developed a novel semiautomated software method to measure erosion volume on hand and wrist CT scans. The method is reproducible and can be used to detect changes in erosion volume. This will facilitate the testing of treatments intended to reduce erosion volume.
Injurious Loading of Articular Cartilage Compromises Chondrocyte Respiratory Function
Authors: Coleman Mitchell C. , Ramakrishnan Prem S. , Brouillette Marc J. , Martin James A. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether repeatedly overloading healthy cartilage disrupts mitochondrial function in a manner similar to that associated with osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis.MethodsWe exposed normal articular cartilage on bovine osteochondral explants to 1 day or 7 consecutive days of cyclic axial compression (0.25 MPa or 1.0 MPa at 0.5 Hz for 3 hours) and evaluated the effects on chondrocyte viability, ATP concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, indicators of oxidative stress, respiration, and mitochondrial membrane potential.ResultsNeither 0.25 MPa nor 1.0 MPa of cyclic compression caused extensive chondrocyte death, macroscopic tissue damage, or overt changes in stress–strain behavior. After 1 day of loading, differences in respiratory activities between the 0.25 MPa and 1.0 MPa groups were minimal; however, after 7 days of loading, respiratory activity and ATP levels were suppressed in the 1.0 MPa group relative to the 0.25 MPa group, an effect prevented by pretreatment with 10 mM N‐acetylcysteine. These changes were accompanied by increased proton leakage and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as by increased ROS formation, as indicated by dihydroethidium staining and glutathione oxidation.ConclusionRepeated overloading leads to chondrocyte oxidant‐dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. This mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to destabilization of cartilage during various stages of OA in distinct ways by disrupting chondrocyte anabolic responses to mechanical stimuli.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin as an Immunomodulating Agent in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitides: A French Nationwide Study of Ninety‐Two Patients
Authors: Crickx Etienne , Machelart Irène , Lazaro Estibaliz , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Cohen‐Aubart Fleur , Martin Thierry , Mania Alexandre , Hatron Pierre‐Yves , Hayem Gilles , Blanchard‐Delaunay Claire , de Moreuil Claire , Le Guenno Guillaume , Vandergheynst Frédéric , Maurier François , Crestani Bruno , Dhote Robin , Silva Nicolas Martin , Ollivier Yann , Mehdaoui Anas , Godeau Bertrand , Mariette Xavier , Cadranel Jacques , Cohen Pascal , Puéchal Xavier , Le Jeunne Claire , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc , Terrier Benjamin ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) represents a therapeutic alternative in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitides (AAV), but its efficacy has been evaluated in only 2 small prospective trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVIG in patients with AAV.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective study of patients who received IVIG as immunomodulatory therapy for AAV.ResultsA total of 92 patients (mean age 51 years) presenting with either granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (68%), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss) (22%), or microscopic polyangiitis (10%) received at least 1 course of IVIG. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were present in 72% during the flare that required IVIG, as determined by immunofluorescence assay. IVIG was initiated because of relapsing disease in 83% of cases. IVIG was given for a median of 6 months (range 1–156 months) and in combination with corticosteroids in 21% of the patients or with other immunosuppressive agents in 77%. Efficacy of IVIG was assessed in the entire population and in a subset of 34 patients with unmodified background therapy. Remission rates at 6 months were 56% in the entire population and 58% in the unmodified background therapy group. Refractory disease and treatment failure at 6 months were observed in 7% and 18% in the whole population and 3% and 21% in the unmodified background therapy group, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 33%, including serious AEs in 12% and AEs leading to discontinuation of IVIG in 7%.ConclusionThis large study shows the clinical benefit of IVIG as adjunctive therapy, with an acceptable tolerance profile, and thus supports its use in AAV patients with refractory or relapsing disease.
Oxidative C−H Activation Approach to Pyridone and Isoquinolone through an Iron‐Catalyzed Coupling of Amides with Alkynes
Authors: Matsubara Tatsuaki , Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn iron catalyst combined with a mild organic oxidant promotes both C−H bond cleavage and C−N bond formation, and forms 2‐pyridones and isoquinolones from an alkene‐ or arylamide and an internal alkyne, respectively. An unsymmetrical alkyne gives the pyridone derivative with high regioselectivity, this could be due to the sensitivity of the reaction to steric effects because of the compact size of iron.
Multiple criteria optimization joint analyses of microarray experiments in lung cancer: from existing microarray data to new knowledge
Authors: Camacho‐Cáceres Katia I. , Acevedo‐Díaz Juan C. , Pérez‐Marty Lynn M. , Ortiz Michael , Irizarry Juan , Cabrera‐Ríos Mauricio , Isaza Clara E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicroarrays can provide large amounts of data for genetic relative expression in illnesses of interest such as cancer in short time. These data, however, are stored and often times abandoned when new experimental technologies arrive. This work reexamines lung cancer microarray data with a novel multiple criteria optimization‐based strategy aiming to detect highly differentially expressed genes. This strategy does not require any adjustment of parameters by the user and is capable to handle multiple and incommensurate units across microarrays. In the analysis, groups of samples from patients with distinct smoking habits (never smoker, current smoker) and different gender are contrasted to elicit sets of highly differentially expressed genes, several of which are already associated to lung cancer and other types of cancer. The list of genes is provided with a discussion of their role in cancer, as well as the possible research directions for each of them.
Association between epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness and their effect on the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sowa Terumasa , Menju Toshi , Sonobe Makoto , Nakanishi Takao , Shikuma Kei , Imamura Naoto , Motoyama Hideki , Hijiya Kyoko , Aoyama Akihiro , Chen Fengshi , Sato Toshihiko , Kobayashi Masashi , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Haga Hironori , Sozu Takashi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness (CS) are reported to be pivotal phenomena involved in metastasis, recurrence, and drug‐resistance in lung cancer; however, their effects on tumor malignancy in clinical settings are not completely understood. The mutual association between these factors also remains elusive and are worthy of investigation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between EMT and CS, and their effect on the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. A total of 239 lung adenocarcinoma specimens were collected from patients who had undergone surgery at Kyoto University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2007. Both EMT (E‐cadherin,vimentin) and CS (CD133, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase) markers were analyzed through immunostaining of tumor specimens. The association between EMT and CS as well as the patients' clinical information was integrated and statistically analyzed. The molecular expression of E‐cadherin, vimentin, and CD133 were significantly correlated with prognosis (P = 0.003, P = 0.005, and P < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between E‐cadherin and vimentin expression (P < 0.001), whereas, a positive correlation was found between vimentin and CD133 expression (P = 0.020). CD133 was a stronger prognostic factor than an EMT marker. Elevated CD133 expression is the signature marker of EMT and CS association in lung adenocarcinoma. EMT and CS are associated in lung adenocarcinoma. Importantly, CD133 is suggested to be the key factor that links EMT and CS, thereby exacerbating tumor progression.
Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Efficient Removal of Low Concentrations of Ammonia
Authors: Li Libo , Wang Yong , Yang Jiangfeng , Chen Yang , Li Jinping 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe excellent ammonia adsorption properties of [Cu(bpy)2(OTf)2]n (ELM‐12; bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine, OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate) make it unique for the removal of ammonia at low concentrations, but its instability under humid conditions restrict its practical applications. Herein, a functionalized ELM‐12@PDMS (PDMS=polydimethylsiloxane) composite was prepared by coating a nanoscale PDMS layer on the ELM‐12 surface, which significantly increased its hydrophobicity. The dynamic ammonia adsorption properties of ELM‐12 and ELM‐12@PDMS were explored by means of kinetic breakthrough measurements under dry and humid conditions. ELM‐12@PDMS can effectively capture ammonia at 100 ppm when maintained under 80 % relative humidity, which makes it promising for real applications.