bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban development and the culture of masked balls in nineteenth-century Paris
Authors: JOHNSON JAMES H. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article links the nature of commercial masked balls in Paris in the 1830s and 1840s to urban development during these decades. The raucous and often destructive character of the balls, which united elites and popular classes under the mask's anonymity, coincided with a society undergoing social and political upheaval. The dress and conduct of revellers were expressions of their ambitions, fears and resentments. Changes in the urban landscape of the 1820s and 1830s – in particular, the construction of thegrands boulevardsand alignment of theatres sponsoring masked balls along this axis – sharpened potential conflict at such events by placing them in one of the most socially charged corridors of the city.
Accelerated junctional rhythm in children with acute rheumatic fever: is it specific to the disease?
Authors: Ceviz Naci , Celik Velat , Olgun Hasim , Karacan Mehmet 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:During the course of acute rheumatic fever, some electrocardiographic changes are seen. First-degree atrioventricular block is the most common electrocardiographic abnormality. Second- and third-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, and junctional acceleration are also seen. In the present study, the specificity of accelerated junctional rhythm to acute rheumatic fever was investigated.Methods:The study included patients with acute rheumatic fever (Group 1), healthy children who had suffered from recent group A β-haemolytic streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection but did not develop acute rheumatic fever (Group 2), and patients who had other diseases that may affect the joints and/or heart (Group 3).Results:Accelerated junctional rhythm was detected in 10 patients in Group 1, but in none of the patients from Group 2 or 3. Specificity of accelerated junctional rhythm for acute rheumatic fever was 100% and the positive predictive value was 100%.Conclusion:Accelerated junctional rhythm is specific to acute rheumatic fever. Although its frequency is low, it seems that it can be used in the differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, especially in patients with isolated polyarthritis.
Anatomical variations of aortic arch branching: evaluation with computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Karacan Alper , Türkvatan Aysel , Karacan Keziban 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and gender distribution of variations in the aortic arch branching pattern using 64-slice computed tomograhic angiography. Materials and methods: A total of 1000 patients with a normal left-sided aortic arch who underwent computed tomographic angiography for various reasons were analysed retrospectively for the frequency of variation of aortic arch branching; the variations were categorised into seven types. Results: Of the 1000 patients, 79.2% had a normal aortic arch branching pattern – type 1 – and 20.8% had variations. The frequency of type 2 variation – brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries arising from the aortic arch in a common trunk – was 14.1%, that of type 3 – left vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch – was 4.1%, that of type 4 – coexistence of type 2 and type 3 – was 1.2%, that of type 5 – aberrant right subclavian artery – was 0.6%, that of type 6 – coexistence of aberrant right subclavian artery and bicarotid trunk – was 0.7%, and that for type 7 – thyroidea ima artery arising from the aortic arch – was 0.1%. The incidences of the variations of aortic arch branching were similar among males and females (20% versus 22.1%). The incidence of an aberrant right subclavian artery – type 5 and type 6 – was higher among females compared with males (2.5% versus 0.5), whereas the frequencies of the other variations were either equal or similar in both genders. Conclusion: Recognition of variations of aortic arch branching is important because they may cause symptoms due to tracheoesophageal compression or complications during surgical or endovascular interventional procedures of the aorta and its branches.
ROCHESTER'S BRONZE SCRAG AND PEARL NECKLACE: BRONZED MASCULINITY IN JANE EYRE, SHIRLEY, AND CHARLOTTE BRONTË’S JUVENILIA—ERRATUM
Authors: Pike Judith E. 
Published: May 2013

In this article, the 3rd sentence (on the first page) is not grammatically correct. We are reproducing the paragraph for completeness.IN THE PAST TWENTY YEARS, GIVEN THE burgeoning field of postcolonial studies and its inquiry into the identity politics of race, ethnicity, and imperialism, significantly more critical attention has been paid to Charlotte Brontë's portrayal of Bertha Rochester in Jane Eyre (1847) than in the prior one hundred and forty years of Brontë scholarship. While in The Madwoman and the Attic (1979), Gilbert and Gubar present an earlier reading of Bertha as “Jane's truest and darkest double” (360), any reading of Bertha's darkest in terms of a cultural or racialized identity came about in later criticism. Gayatri Spivak was instrumental in positioning Bertha within a discourse of imperialism rather than reading her merely in psychological terms, which then precipitated more recent studies on Bertha's colonial heritage, her financial and cultural imperialist inheritance and her ambiguous ethnic status as a Creole woman.1 Contemporary critics have also addressed how Rochester in a sense becomes Bertha's “truest and darkest double.” However, his darkness has proven to be far more quizzical, for unlike Bertha he is neither Creole nor raised in the West Indies; quite to the contrary, Rochester was desired by the Masons precisely because of his heritage, being “of a good race.”2 Still, as readers, we have had to grapple with Brontë's numerous descriptions of Rochester's dark visage.
Mosaic genome structure of the barley powdery mildew pathogen and conservation of transcriptional programs in divergent hosts
Authors: Hacquard Stéphane , Kracher Barbara , Maekawa Takaki , Vernaldi Saskia , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Ver Loren van Themaat Emiel 
Published: May 2013

SignificancePowdery mildew fungi are widespread plant pathogens with an obligate biotrophic lifestyle causing devastating damage to many crops.Blumeria graminisf. sp.hordei(Bgh) infects only barley and is engaged in an evolutionary arms race with the host immune system. Genome sequencing ofBghisolates revealed an isolate-specific mosaic of monomorphic and polymorphic DNA blocks, suggesting a mechanism that provides a large standing genetic variation in virulence polymorphisms. DetailedBghtranscriptome profiles during early pathogenesis on barley and immunocompromisedArabidopsisrevealed a conservedBghtranscriptional program despite ∼200 million years of reproductive isolation of these hosts.
Toxicity of Copper Sulfate to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Rainbow Trout Eggs
Authors: Wagner Eric J. , Oplinger Randall W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Tests were conducted to determine the concentrations of copper sulfate needed to kill Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, either in vitro or on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs. For the in vitro test, a plastic strip dipped in a solution of F. psychrophilum was exposed for 15 min to copper sulfate solutions of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 35, 50, 75, or 100 mg/L. Bacteria were “too numerous to count” at concentrations ≤10 mg/L CuSO4; significant reductions in prevalence relative to untreated controls were noted for concentrations ≥35 mg/L. However, CFUs were still observed at 50 and 75 mg/L (20% of plates with tryptone yeast extract salts media). No yellow-pigmented CFUs typical of F. psychrophilum were observed at 100 mg/L CuSO4. For the in vivo test, eggs were exposed for 15 min to 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/L CuSO4 or 100 mg/L iodine (control). Survival to hatch was significantly lower at 500 (44.3 ± 15.2%, mean ± SD) or 700 mg/L CuSO4 (1.7 ± 0.8%) than for controls treated with 100 mg/L iodine (93.6 ± 0.9%) or at copper sulfate concentrations ≤300 mg/L. The 15-min LD50 and LD10 for copper sulfate were 461 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 457–466 mg/L) and 259 mg/L (251–266 mg/L). The prevalence of yellow CFUs at 100 mg/L CuSO4 (40.0%) was significantly higher than in untreated controls. Significant reductions in yellow CFUs were achieved using 300, 500, or 700 mg/L CuSO4 (7.5, 2.5, or 0.0% of plates with CFUs, respectively) or 100 mg/L iodine (2.5%), relative to untreated control eggs. Overall, since the concentrations of copper sulfate required to eliminate F. psychrophilum were toxic to the eggs, copper sulfate is not recommended for coldwater disease control in Rainbow Trout eggs based on conditions and parameters in this study.
Received July 7, 2011; accepted March 17, 2013
Burden of Hospital-OnsetClostridium difficileInfection in Patients Discharged from Rhode Island Hospitals, 2010–2011: Application of Present on Admission Indicators
Authors: Jiang Yongwen , Viner-Brown Samara , Baier Rosa 
Published: May 2013

Objective.The year 2010 is the first time that the Rhode Island hospital discharge database included present on admission (POA) indicators, which give us the opportunity to distinguish cases of hospital-onsetClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) from cases of community-onset CDI and to assess the burden of hospital-onset CDI in patients discharged from Rhode Island hospitals during 2010 and 2011.Design.Observational study.Patients.Patients 18 years of age or older discharged from one of Rhode Island's 11 acute-care hospitals between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011.Methods.Using the newly available POA indicators in the Rhode Island 2010 and 2011 hospital discharge database, we identified patients with hospital-onset CDI and without CDI. Adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics using propensity score matching, we measured between-group differences in mortality, length of stay, and cost for patients with hospital-onset CDI and without CDI.Results.In 2010 and 2011, the 11 acute-care hospitals in Rhode Island had 225,999 discharges. Of 4,531 discharged patients with CDI (2.0% of all discharges), 1,211 (26.7%) had hospital-onset CDI. After adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, discharged patients with hospital-onset CDI were found to have higher mortality rates, longer lengths of stay, and higher costs than those without CDI.Conclusions.Our results highlight the burden of hospital-onset CDI in Rhode Island. These findings emphasize the need to track longitudinal trends to tailor and target population-health and quality-improvement initiatives.
Trichosanthes kirilowii: A New Host of Cucurbit mild mosaic virus in China
Authors: Fan H. Y. , Tao T. , Dong S. W. , Li D. W. , Yu J. L. , Han C. G. 
Published: May 2013

Chinese cucumber (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) is a type of perennial liana plant of the Cucurbitaceae family that is mainly distributed in East Asia and northern Australia. It is an important medicinal plant and commonly used in Chinese herbalism, where it is considered to be one of the 50 fundamental herbs (2). During the summer and autumn of 2012, T. kirilowii plants showing symptoms of mild mosaic on the upper leaves and bright yellow color on the lower leaves were observed in the Haidian district of Beijing, China. Recently similar symptoms induced by Cucurbit mild mosaic virus (CuMMV) on squash have been reported. CuMMV is a new member of the genus Fabavirus in the Comovirinae subfamily, discovered in China in 2006 (1). Total RNA was extracted from five leaf samples of independent plants and used for reverse transcription with an oligo (dT)18 primer, followed by PCR with a pair of CuMMV virus-specific primers FaR13012F (5′-CGAGTGCGAGTTAGAAATTGGGATG-3′) and FaR15783R (5′-TCACTTTGAGGTGATAAAACAATCC-3′) to amplify a 2,772-bp fragment including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) coding region. The expected target fragment was obtained in all symptomatic plant samples but not from an asymptomatic plant. Nucleotide sequence comparison analysis showed that the virus isolated from T. kirilowii (GenBank Accession No. KC959843) had 95.33% nucleotide identity and 99.15% amino acid identity in the RdRp sequence with a CuMMV isolate from squash (GenBank Accession No. FJ194941) (1). In addition, symptomatic samples tested positive for CuMMV by Western blot using CuMMV small coat protein (SCP) specific polyclonal antibody (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. kirilowii as natural host of CuMMV in China. The impact of CuMMV on T. kirilowii production remains to be determined; however, the extended host range for this virus suggests a potential threat of CuMMV to cucurbit crops in China. References: (1) S. W. Dong et al. Arch. Virol.157:597, 2012. (2) J. H. Hong et al. China Pharmacist 7:561, 2004.
Optimizing Preoperative Blood Ordering with Data Acquired from an Anesthesia Information Management System
Authors: Frank Steven M. , Rothschild James A. , Masear Courtney G. , Rivers Richard J. , Merritt William T. , Savage Will J. , Ness Paul M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background:
The maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) is used to determine preoperative blood orders for specific surgical procedures. Because the list was developed in the late 1970s, many new surgical procedures have been introduced and others improved upon, making the original MSBOS obsolete. The authors describe methods to create an updated, institution-specific MSBOS to guide preoperative blood ordering.

Methods:
Blood utilization data for 53,526 patients undergoing 1,632 different surgical procedures were gathered from an anesthesia information management system. A novel algorithm based on previously defined criteria was used to create an MSBOS for each surgical specialty. The economic implications were calculated based on the number of blood orders placed, but not indicated, according to the MSBOS.

Results:
Among 27,825 surgical cases that did not require preoperative blood orders as determined by the MSBOS, 9,099 (32.7%) had a type and screen, and 2,643 (9.5%) had a crossmatch ordered. Of 4,644 cases determined to require only a type and screen, 1,509 (32.5%) had a type and crossmatch ordered. By using the MSBOS to eliminate unnecessary blood orders, the authors calculated a potential reduction in hospital charges and actual costs of $211,448 and $43,135 per year, respectively, or $8.89 and $1.81 per surgical patient, respectively.

Conclusions:
An institution-specific MSBOS can be created, using blood utilization data extracted from an anesthesia information management system along with our proposed algorithm. Using these methods to optimize the process of preoperative blood ordering can potentially improve operating room efficiency, increase patient safety, and decrease costs.
Feasibility and Biomechanics of Multilevel Arthroplasty and Combined Cervical Arthrodesis and Arthroplasty
Authors: Safavi-Abbasi Sam , Reyes Phillip M. , Abjornson Celeste , Crawford Neil R. 
Published: May 2013

Study Design:
A new experimental protocol was applied utilizing a simplified postural control model. Multiple constructs were tested nondestructively by interconnecting segmental rods to screws.

Objective:
To investigate how posture and distribution of segmental angles under physiological loads are affected by combined cervical arthroplasty and fusion.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies of biomechanics of multilevel arthroplasty have focused on range of motion and intradiscal pressure. No previous study has investigated postural changes and segmental angle distribution.

Methods:
In 7 human cadaveric C3–T1 specimens, C4–C5, C5–C6, and C6–C7 disks were replaced with ProDisc-C (Synthes). Combinations of fusion (f) adjacent to arthroplasty (A) were simulated at C4–C5, C5–C6, and C6–C7, respectively: fAA, AfA, AAf, ffA, fAf, Aff, fff. C3–C4 and C7–T1 remained intact. A compressive belt apparatus simulated normal muscle cocontraction and gravitational preload; C3–C4, C4–C5, C5–C6, C6–C7, and C7–T1 motions were tracked independently. Parameters studied were segmental postural compensation, neutral buckling, and shift in sagittal plane instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR).

Results:
With one or more levels unfused, the arthroplasty levels preferentially moved toward upright posture before the intact levels. Neutral buckling was greatest for 3-level arthroplasty, less for 2-level arthroplasty, and least for 1-level arthroplasty. Among the three 1-level arthroplasty groups (ffA, fAf, Aff), arthroplasty at the caudalmost level resulted in significantly greater buckling than with arthroplasty rostralmost or at mid-segment (P<0.04, analysis of variance/Holm-Sidak). Although IAR location was related to buckling, this correlation did not reach significance (P=0.112).

Conclusions:
Arthroplasty levels provide the “path of least resistance,” through which the initial motion is more likely to occur. The tendency for specimens to buckle under vertical compression became greater with more arthroplasty levels. Buckling appeared more severe with arthroplasty more caudal. Buckling only moderately correlated to shifts in IAR, meaning slight malpositioning of the devices would not necessarily cause buckling.
Management of Pharyngeal Fistulas After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Simon Christian , Fürstenberg Carl H. , Eichler Markus , Rohde Stefan , Bulut Cem , Wiedenhöfer Bernd 
Published: May 2013

Study Design:
This study is a retrospective database query to identify all anterior spinal approaches.

Objectives:
The objectives were to assess all patients with pharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCFs) after anterior cervical spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Patients with the diagnosis of PCFs were treated at the University of Heidelberg Spine Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury Unit and Department of Otolaryngology (Germany), between 2005 and 2011.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study on 5 patients with PCF after anterior cervical spine surgery between 2005 and 2011 and analyzed their therapy management and outcome on the basis of the radiologic data and patient charts.

Results:
Upon presentation, 4 patients were paraplegic. Two patients had PCF arising from 1 piriform sinus, 2 patients had PCF arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall and piriform sinus combined, and 1 patient had PCF arising only from the posterior pharyngeal wall. Two patients previously underwent unsuccessful surgical repair elsewhere and 1 patient underwent a prior radiation therapy. In 3 patients, speech and swallowing could be completely restored. Two patients died, both of whom were paraplegic. The patients were needed to undergo an average of 2 or 3 procedures for complete functional recovery of primary closure with various vascularized regional flaps and refining laser procedures supplemented with the negative pressure wound therapy wherever needed.

Conclusions:
On the basis of our experience, we are able to provide a treatment algorithm that indicates that chronic, as opposed to acute, fistulas require a primary surgical closure combined with a vascularized flap that should be accompanied by the immediate application of a negative pressure wound therapy. We also conclude that particularly in paraplegic patients suffering from this complication the risk for a fatal outcome is substantial.
Deletion of a Tandem Gene Family in Arabidopsis: Increased MEKK2 Abundance Triggers Autoimmunity when the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 Signaling Cascade Is Disrupted
Authors: Su Shih-Heng , Bush Susan M. , Zaman Najia , Stecker Kelly , Sussman Michael R. , Krysan Patrick 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
An Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade composed of MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2, and MPK4 was previously described as a negative regulator of defense response. MEKK1 encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase and is a member of a tandemly duplicated gene family with MEKK2 and MEKK3. Using T-DNA insertion lines, we isolated a novel deletion mutant disrupting this gene family and found it to be phenotypically wild-type, in contrast with the mekk1 dwarf phenotype. Follow-up genetic analyses indicated that MEKK2 is required for the mekk1, mkk1 mkk2, and mpk4 autoimmune phenotypes. We next analyzed a T-DNA insertion in the MEKK2 promoter region and found that although it does not reduce the basal expression of MEKK2, it does prevent the upregulation of MEKK2 that is observed in mpk4 plants. This mekk2 allele can rescue the mpk4 autoimmune phenotype in a dosage-dependent manner. We also found that expression of constitutively active MPK4 restored MEKK2 abundance to wild-type levels in mekk1 mutant plants. Finally, using mass spectrometry, we showed that MEKK2 protein levels mirror MEKK2 mRNA levels. Taken together, our results indicate that activated MPK4 is responsible for regulating MEKK2 RNA abundance. In turn, the abundance of MEKK2 appears to be under cellular surveillance such that a modest increase can trigger defense response activation.
Measuring clothing image similarity with bundled features
Authors: Chen Qijin , Li Jituo , Liu Zheng , Lu Guodong , Bi Xinyu , Wang Bei 
Published: May 2013

PurposeClothing retrieval is very useful to help the clients to efficiently search out the apparel they want. Currently, the mainstream clothing retrieval methods are attribute semantics based, which however are inconvenient for common clients. The purpose of this paper is to provide an easy‐to‐operate apparels retrieval mode with the authors' novel approach of clothing image similarity measurement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors measure the similarity between two clothing images by computing the weighted similarities between their bundled features. Each bundled feature consists of the point features (SIFT) which are further quantified into local visual words in a maximally stable extremal region (MSER). The authors weight the importance of bundled features by the precision of SIFT quantification and local word frequency that reflects the frequency of the common visual words appeared in two bundled features. The bundled features similarity is computed from two aspects: local word frequency; and SIFTs distance matrix that records the distances between every two SIFTs in a bundled feature.FindingsLocal word frequencies improves the recognition between two bundled features with the same common visual words but different local word frequency. SIFTs distance matrix has the merits of scale invariance and rotation invariance. Experimental results show that this approach works well in the situations with large clothing deformation, background exchange and part hidden, etc. And the similarity measurement of Weight+Bundled+LWF+SDM is the best.Originality/valueThis paper presents an apparel retrieval mode based on local visual features, and presents a new algorithm for bundled feature matching and apparel similarity measurement.