bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of active ingredients and quality control of Forsythia suspensa with AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Liu Yongli , Wang Cheng , Chen Zhenhe , Yuan Hao , Lei Rong , Li Xiaodong , Ma Shuangcheng , Liu Changxiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe fruits of Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years. Currently, the quality control of F. suspensa strictly follows the instructions of Chinese Pharmacopeia, which mainly controls the content of forsythoside A, phillyrin, and volatile oil. In this study, air pressure MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (AP‐MALDI MSI) was used to evaluate the quality of F. suspensa fruits and the distribution of dozens of active ingredients. The variation of active ingredients was measured for more than 30 batches of samples, regarding harvest time, cultivated environment, shelf‐life, and habitat. Fifty‐three active ingredients could be detected in F. suspensa fruits with AP‐MALDI MSI. Seven active ingredients were upregulated, four ingredients downregulated, and 15 ingredients did not change in ripe fruits. A sharp variation of active ingredients in late September was observed for the Caochuan fruits harvested in 2019, which is closely related to the appearance of the ginger color of the pericarp under the microscope observation. The microscope observation is a reliable way to classify ripe and green fruits instead of outlook. Just considering forsythoside A and phillyrin, it is found that wild fruits are better than cultivated fruits, but cultivated fruits have high contents of other ingredients. The shelf‐life of F. suspensa fruits is proposed to be 3 years, considering the 26 ingredients investigated. It was found that Luoning wild fruits are better than those from Caochuan with a new evaluation method. Mass spectrometry imaging is an easy, objective, and effective method to evaluate the quality of F. suspensa fruits.
Neutralization of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants after COVID‐19 booster‐vaccination and infection
Authors: Springer David N. , Camp Jeremy V. , Aberle Stephan W. , Deutsch Josef , Lammel Oliver , Weseslindtner Lukas , Stiasny Karin , Aberle Judith H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron lineages continue to emerge and evolve into new sublineages, causing infection waves throughout 2022 and 2023, which has been attributed to immune escape. We examined neutralizing antibody responses to the recently emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 JN.1 variant in comparison to ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 variants. We tested 79 human sera from cohorts with different combinations of vaccinations and infections, including 23 individuals who had been repeatedly exposed to Omicron. Individuals with a monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine booster or XBB.1.5 breakthrough infection had robust antibody levels against all variants tested; however, JN.1 evaded antibodies in individuals after single Omicron BA.1, BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infections. Moreover, in the non‐vaccinated cohort, serum antibodies demonstrated almost no cross‐neutralization activities against D614G, XBB.1.5 and JN.1. after infections with earlier Omicron variants. These findings show that SARS‐CoV‐2‐immunity is heterogeneous, depending on different combinations of vaccinations and infections, and emphasize the importance of considering different immune‐backgrounds when evaluating novel variants.
Deciphering Indigenous Bacterial Diversity of Co‐Polluted Sites to Unravel Its Bioremediation Potential: A Metagenomic Approach
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Saini Harvinder Singh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPolluted drains across the globe are affected due to reckless disposal of untreated industrial effluents resulting in significant water pollution affecting microbial community structure/dynamics. To elucidate this, polluted samples were collected from Budha Nala (BN) drain, Tung Dhab (TD) drain, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving an inflow of organic pollutants as well as heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. The sample of unpolluted pristine soil (PS) was used as control, as there is no history of usage of organic chemicals at this site. The bacterial diversity of these samples was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform by amplifying the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA. The majority of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) at polluted sites belonged to phyla Proteobacteria specifically Gammaproteobacteria class, followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, WS6, and TM7, whereas unpolluted site revealed the prevalence of Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Nitrospirae. The data sets decode unclassified species of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and WS6, along with some unclassified bacterial species. The study provided a comparative study of changed microbial community structure, their possible functions across diverse geographical locations, and identifying specific bacterial genera as pollution bio‐indicators of aged polluted drains.
Increase proportion of di‐rhamnolipids biosynthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluation of relationship between activity and di‐rhamnolipids proportion
Authors: Wu Yuting , Wang Baohang , Wang Yanru , Yang Yitong , Zhao Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRhamnolipids, simply divided into mono‐rhamnolipids and di‐rhamnolipids, their physicochemical properties are structure‐dependent. This study explored to increase the proportion of di‐rhamnolipids biosynthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluate the relationship between activity and di‐rhamnolipids proportions. P. aeruginosa SGrhlC was constructed by increasing the rhlC gene in P. aeruginosa SG. HPLC‐MS results indicated that SGrhlC produced more di‐rhamnolipids (62.32%) than that of the wild‐type strain SG (45.24%). Both the species and proportion of di‐rhamnolipids were increased, mainly Rha‐Rha‐C8‐C10 and Rha‐Rha‐C10‐C10. The rhamnolipids produced by SGrhlC was thermostable and salt‐tolerant. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids decreased surface tension of water to 27.0 mN/m with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 50 mg/L and emulsified crude oil with an emulsification index of 66.9 ± 1.5%. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cladosporium sp. with IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values less than 15 mg/L, and washed 73.02% ± 1.77% of oil from petroleum‐contaminated soil. Physicochemical activities of three bacterial rhamnolipids varied with their di‐rhamnolipids proportions. Results indicated that the higher proportions of di‐rhamnolipids were, the lower CMC, better surface activity and higher washing oil rate were, while the weaker emulsifying activity and lower antimicrobial activity were. The SGrhlC rhamnolipids showed better surface activity and a lower critical micelle concentration, which was superior for wetting, foaming, desorbing and dispersing. This study revealed that P. aeruginosa can be genetically regulated to biosynthesize rhamnolipids with specific structure. Perspectives of the customized biosynthesis and applications of rhamnolipids were also discussed.
Enhancing anthocyanin extraction efficiency in vegetables and fruits: a high‐speed shear homogenization technology
Authors: Ren Yuhang , Zhang Shuangling , Zhao Bingnan , Qian Yaru , Cheng Xiaofang , Chen Chengwang , Liu Heping , Zhang Cheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo extract anthocyanins with high efficiency, a hypothesis for high‐speed shear homogenization extraction (HSHE) method was established through a combination of solvent and ultrasonic‐assisted extractions. The efficacy of this hypothesis was demonstrated by performing qualitative and quantitative analyses of 16 anthocyanins extracted from five northern vegetables, and five berry fruits using ultra‐high‐performance Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Single‐factor experiments were conducted by varying ethanol concentration, temperature, pH and extraction cycles to determine the optimal conditions for this method.RESULTSOptimal extraction conditions (ethanol 70–80%, 40–50 °C, pH 3–4, performed twice) were determined using an HSHE (5 min, 10 000 rpm, 25 °C) assisted shaker (60 min) and ultrasonication (40 kHz, 160 W cm−2, 30 min, 25 °C) procedure. Compared to the traditional non‐HSHE method, the total anthocyanin content obtained through HSHE extraction showed a significant increase, ranging from 1.0 to 3.9 times higher, with purple cabbage exhibiting the most pronounced enhancement in content. More types of anthocyanins were detected in blueberry (9), black bean (7) and raspberry (5), of which malvidin was the major anthocyanin (0.426 g kg−1) in blueberry, having an amount five times than previously obtained.CONCLUSIONThe established HSHE method has been proven to be a superior technique for anthocyanin extraction, with higher extraction efficiency and concentrations. This technique also provides a new avenue for extracting bioactive compounds from diverse food sources, with potential applications in improving the functional properties of food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a mouse model of chronic ventral spinal cord compression: Neurobehavioral, radiological, and pathological changes
Authors: He Zhongyuan , Tang Tao , Zhu Zhengya , Wang Fuan , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Fu , Tung Nguyen Tran Canh , Liu Shaoyu , Liu Xizhe , Zhou Zhiyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to establish a mouse model of spinal ligament ossification to simulate the chronic spinal cord compression observed in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The study also aimed to examine the mice's neurobiological, radiological, and pathological changes.MethodsIn the previous study, a genetically modified mouse strain was created using Crispr‐Cas9 technology, namely, Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre (C57/B6 background), to establish the OPLL model. Wild‐type (WT) mice without compression were used as controls. Functional deficits were evaluated through motor score assessment, inclined plate testing, and gait analysis. The extent of compression was determined using CT imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate levels of apoptosis, inflammation, vascularization, and demyelination in the study.ResultsThe results demonstrated a gradual deterioration of compression in the Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre mice group as they aged. The progression rate was more rapid between 12 and 20 weeks, followed by a gradual stabilization between 20 and 28 weeks. The scores for spinal cord function and strength, assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale and inclined plate test, showed a significant decline. Gait analysis revealed a noticeable reduction in fore and hind stride lengths, stride width, and toe spread. Chronic spinal cord compression resulted in neuronal damage and activated astrocytes and microglia in the gray matter and anterior horn. Progressive posterior cervical compression impeded blood supply, leading to inflammation and Fas‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. The activation of Bcl2 and Caspase 3 was associated with the development of progressive neurological deficits (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study presents a validated model of chronic spinal cord compression, enabling researchers to explore clinically relevant therapeutic approaches for OPLL.
Ultrasound‐Based Multi‐Planar Bilateral Comparisons as a Diagnostic and Treatment‐Definition Method for Unilateral Peripheral Nerve Entrapment
Authors: Yu Miao , Ding Wenquan , Shao Guoqing , Li Miaozhong , Zhou Xiaoling , Liu Linhai , Li Xueyuan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe primary goal was to determine the performance of the cross‐section area swelling rate (CSASR) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes based on the reference standard of electrodiagnosis examination (EDX) in this diagnostic test study.MethodsFirst, patients with symptoms like unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), and radial nerve compression (RNC) underwent EDX and ultrasound examination. Second, patients with positive ultrasound were calculated for the CSASR of diseased nerve. Based on previously established CSASR criteria, each patient was categorized as having or not having peripheral nerve entrapment, and for those meeting diagnostic criteria, non‐surgical or surgical treatment was recommended. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy rate (ACC) of ultrasound diagnosis and therapeutic decision‐making were calculated based on the reference standard of EDX that had been historically used in the practice.ResultsThe total sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and ACC of ultrasound diagnosis are respectively 93.4, 85.2, 94.7, 82.1, and 91.3%. Which of therapeutic decision‐making by ultrasound are, respectively, 83.3, 52.2, 78.4, 60.0, and 73.2%.ConclusionThe sensitivity and Youden's index of CSASR diagnostic threshold for CuTS is higher than other ultrasound methods. The CSASR diagnostic threshold for CuTS has a potential diagnostic role, but the current date is still not enough to support the potential diagnostic role for CTS or RNS. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that CSASR for CuTS can be used in isolation for diagnosis. Additional research is needed to confirm the diagnostic role of CSASR. The current results suggest that this ultrasound examination method is not suitable for therapeutic decision‐making.
The angle of the lower portion of the posterior cruciate ligament assists in the diagnosis of partial anterior cruciate ligament tears
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Binbin , Zhang Mengqin , Lin Xiaofang , Zhang Wei , Han Dawei , Chen Haixiao , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the difference of angle of the lower portion of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with and without partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and to investigate the effectiveness of the angle of the lower portion of the PCL in diagnosing partial ACL tears.MethodsFrom January 2022 to December 2022, a cohort of consecutive patients presenting with ACL tears who underwent ACL reconstruction and patients with isolated meniscus tears undergoing arthroscopic surgery were enroled for this study. The angle of the inferior portion of the PCL comprises α and β angles, and the posterior offset of the lateral condyle were measured on the MRI and compared between the partial ACL tear and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves, the areas under the curve (AUCs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify cutoff values for diagnosing partial ACL injuries.ResultsFollowing an assessment of cohort eligibility and matching for age and sex, 100 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the cohort was 46.1 ± 10.3 years. The AUC for the α angle was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.94), with a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.84 for predicting partial ACL ruptures; the α angle cutoff value was 73.6° (diagnostic odds ratio (OR), 14.10; 95% CI, 5.33–37.28). The AUC for the β angle was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.93), with a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity of 0.92 for predicting partial ACL ruptures; the β angle cutoff value was 73.3° (diagnostic OR, 14.54; 95% CI, 5.76–36.68).ConclusionsA small α angle and a large β angle were associated with partial ACL tears. The angle of the distal portion of the PCL was simple to measure and reproducible, enhancing the diagnosis of partial ACL tears.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
One‐day surgery is safe and effective in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A prospective comparative study at 1 year of follow‐up
Authors: Petrillo Stefano , Lacagnina Claudio , Corbella Michele , Marullo Matteo , Bargagliotti Marco , Giorgino Riccardo , Perazzo Paolo , Romagnoli Sergio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the outcomes and complications of two perioperative protocols for the management of patients who underwent medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA): 24 h (1‐day surgery [OS]) versus 72 h (enhanced recovery after surgery [ERAS]) of the length of hospital stay (LOS). In our hypothesis, the reduction of the LOS from 3 to 1 day did not influence the outcomes and complications.MethodsA total of 42 patients (21 in each group) with isolated anteromedial knee osteoarthritis and meeting specific criteria were prospectively included in the study. Clinical outcomes included Knee Society Score (KSS) and Forgotten joint score while pain evaluation was performed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Functional outcomes were assessed measuring the knee range of motion (ROM) while radiographic outcomes were evaluated measuring the amelioration of the varus deformity through the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA).ResultsClinical and functional outcomes did not significantly differ between the two groups. Complications occurred in 9.5% of OS and 4.7% of ERAS group patients. Significant improvements in knee ROM, VAS pain, KSS and HKA angle were observed postsurgery, with no significant differences between groups except in KSS expectations and function trends.ConclusionThe OS protocol is safe and effective and LOS, in a well‐defined fast‐track protocol, did not significantly impact clinical and functional outcomes. OS may lead to reduced hospitalisation costs and potential reductions in complications associated with prolonged stays, benefiting both patients and healthcare facilities. However, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods is needed to confirm these findings. Early mobilisation and rehabilitation protocols are key components of successful patient recovery following UKA procedures.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Risk factors for anteroposterior laxity increase over time in double‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring autografts
Authors: Goto Kazumi , Sanada Takaki , Honda Eisaburo , Sameshima Shin , Murakami Tomoki , Ishida Yutaro , Kuzuhara Ryota , Iwaso Hiroshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAn anteroposterior (AP) laxity can increase over time after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendons; however, the associated risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of this phenomenon.MethodsOverall, 151 patients who underwent ACLR using hamstring autografts were recruited. AP laxity was evaluated using Knee Lax 3 arthrometer at 5 months, 1 and 2 years postsurgery. Patients were categorised into groups I (>1 mm increase) and C (<1 mm increase) based on whether they experienced an irreversible increase in AP laxity after 1 or 2 years compared with 5 months. Patient demographics and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 2 years postsurgery were compared between groups.ResultsGroup I (n = 33, 21%) showed a side‐to‐side difference of 4.6 (3.0–7.2) mm in AP laxity preoperatively and 0.3 (−0.7 to 1.3), 1.1 (0.2–1.9) and 2.4 (1.7–3.2) mm at 5 months, 1 and 2 years postoperatively, while group C (n = 119, 79%) showed 4.3 (2.8–5.7) mm preoperatively and 1.3 (0–1.9), 0.9 (0.1–1.8) and 0.6 (−0.3 to 1.5) mm, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the overall KOOS at 2 years (n.s.). However, group I was older (36 [22–46] vs. 28 [19–39] years; p = 0.044), had longer surgical waiting periods (122 [69–341] vs. 81 [52–136] days; p = 0.041) and lower preoperative Tegner activity scale scores (6 [5–7] vs. 7 [6,7]; p = 0.002).ConclusionWhile 33 patients (21%) experienced AP laxity increase over time, they had comparable clinical outcomes with group C.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Estimating Cognitive Workload Using Task‐Related Pupillary Responses in Simulated Drilling in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Vrzáková Hana , Tapiala Jesse , Iso‐Mustajärvi Matti , Timonen Tomi , Dietz Aarno 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTraining of temporal bone drilling requires more than mastering technical skills with the drill. Skills such as visual imagery, bimanual dexterity, and stress management need to be mastered along with precise knowledge of anatomy. In otorhinolaryngology, these psychomotor skills underlie performance in the drilling of the temporal bone for access to the inner ear in cochlear implant surgery. However, little is known about how psychomotor skills and workload management impact the practitioners' continuous and overall performance.MethodsTo understand how the practitioner's workload and performance unfolds over time, we examine task‐evoked pupillary responses (TEPR) of 22 medical students who performed transmastoid‐posterior tympanotomy (TMPT) and removal of the bony overhang of the round window niche in a 3D‐printed model of the temporal bone. We investigate how students' TEPR metrics (Average Pupil Size [APS], Index of Pupil Activity [IPA], and Low/High Index of Pupillary Activity [LHIPA]) and time spent in drilling phases correspond to the performance in key drilling phases.ResultsAll TEPR measures revealed significant differences between key drilling phases that corresponded to the anticipated workload. Enlarging the facial recess lasted significantly longer than other phases. IPA captured significant increase of workload in thinning of the posterior canal wall, while APS revealed increased workload during the drilling of the bony overhang.ConclusionOur findings contribute to the contemporary competency‐based medical residency programs where objective and continuous monitoring of participants' progress allows to track progress in expertise acquisition. Laryngoscope, 134:5087–5095, 2024
Tissue‐Engineered Implant for Hemilaryngectomy Reconstruction with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury
Authors: Wesson Troy , Zhang Lujuan , Morrison Rachel A. , Brookes Sarah , Calcagno Haley , Finnegan Patrick , Voytik‐Harbin Sherry , Halum Stacey 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveLaryngeal cancer resections often require excision of portions of the larynx along with sacrifice of the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). In such cases, there are no reconstructive options that reliably restore laryngeal function, rendering patients with severe functional impairment. To address this unmet clinical need, we extend our evaluation of a 3‐implant mucosal, muscle, cartilage reconstruction approach aimed at promoting functional laryngeal restoration in a porcine hemilaryngectomy model with ipsilateral RLN transection.MethodsSix Yucatan mini‐pigs underwent full‐thickness hemilaryngectomies with RLN transection followed by transmural reconstruction using fabricated collagen polymeric mucosal, muscle, and cartilage replacements. To determine the effect of adding therapeutic cell populations, subsets of animals received collagen muscle implants containing motor‐endplate‐expressing muscle progenitor cells (MEEs) and/or collagen cartilage implants containing adipose stem cell (ASC)‐derived chondrocyte‐like cells. Acoustic vocalization and laryngeal electromyography (L‐EMG) provided functional assessments and histopathological analysis with immunostaining was used to characterize the tissue response.ResultsFive of six animals survived the 4‐week postoperative period with weight gain, airway maintenance, and audible phonation. No tracheostomy or feeding tube was required. Gross and histological assessments of all animals revealed implant integration and regenerative remodeling of airway mucosa epithelium, muscle, and cartilage in the absence of a material‐mediated foreign body reaction or biodegradation. Early voice and L‐EMG data were suggestive of positive functional outcomes.ConclusionLaryngeal reconstruction with collagen polymeric mucosa, muscle, and cartilage replacements may provide effective restoration of function after hemilaryngectomy with RLN transection. Future preclinical studies should focus on long‐term functional outcomes.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4604–4613, 2024