bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for distinct costs of pathogenesis and immunity against a natural pathogen in a wild bird
Authors: Bonneaud Camille , Balenger Susan L. , Hill Geoffrey E. , Russell Andrew F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractProtective immunity is expected to evolve when the costs of mounting an immune response are less than those of harbouring pathogens. Estimating the costs of immunity vs. pathogenesis in natural systems is challenging, however, because they are typically closely linked. Here we attempt to disentangle the relative cost of each using experimental infections in a natural host–parasite system in which hosts (house finches, Carpodacus mexicanus) differ in resistance to a bacterium (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG), depending on whether they originate from co‐evolved or unexposed populations. Experimental infection with a 2007‐strain of MG caused finches from co‐evolved populations to lose significantly more mass relative to controls, than those from unexposed populations. In addition, infected co‐evolved finches that lost the most mass harboured the least amounts of MG, whereas the reverse was true in finches from unexposed populations. Finally, within co‐evolved populations, individuals that displayed transcriptional evidence of higher protective immune activity, as indicated by changes in the expression of candidate immune and immune‐related genes in a direction consistent with increased resistance to MG, showed greater mass loss and lower MG load. Thus, mass loss appeared to reflect the costs of immunity vs. pathogenesis in co‐evolved and unexposed populations, respectively. Our results suggest that resistance can evolve even when the short‐term energetic costs of protective immunity exceed those of pathogenesis, providing the longer‐term fitness costs of infection are sufficiently high.
Influence of the Cumulus and Gonadotropins on the Metabolic Profile of Porcine Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes During In Vitro Maturation
Authors: Alvarez GM , Dalvit GC , Cetica PD 
Published: August 2012

ContentsThe aim of this work was to examine the influence of the cumulus and gonadotropins on the metabolic profile of porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation. Immature COCs were assigned to morphological classes A1 (with a dense cumulus), A2 (with a translucent cumulus), B1 (with the corona radiata), B2 (with only some remaining cumulus cells) and matured with or without gonadotropins. Glycolysis and ammonia production were higher in the A class COCs; gonadotropins increased both, especially in the A1 COCs (p < 0.05). The A class COCs had the highest initial protein contents and at the end of in vitro maturation. Furthermore, hormonal stimulation induced a similar increase in protein contents of both A classes (p < 0.05). The neutral lipid content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were similar in the immature oocytes of the COCs of all classes. A reduction was seen in both these variables when maturation proceeded either in the presence or absence of gonadotropins. The cumulus type surrounding the oocyte is related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids by the COC during in vitro maturation under gonadotropic stimulation. Oocyte lipolytic activity and ROS production appear to be independent of the surrounding cumulus and the presence of gonadotropins.
Effect of intrathecal administration of E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor antagonist in a cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis rat model
Authors: Wada Naoki , Matsumoto Seiji , Kita Masafumi , Watanabe Masaki , Hashizume Kazumi , Kakizaki Hidehiro 
Published: August 2012

Objectives:  To investigate the effect of intrathecal administration of E‐series prostaglandin 1 antagonist in cyclophosphamide‐induced murine cystitis.Methods:  Female Wistar rats were used for this experimental study. Intrathecal administration of E‐series prostaglandin 1 antagonist (ONO‐8711; 0.5, 5 and 50 µg) in sham controls and rats with cystitis induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg) was assessed by evaluating micturition pressure and intercontraction interval using a conscious‐filling cystometry at 48 h after cyclophosphamide or saline injection. In both groups, prostaglandin E2 concentrations and the expression of E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor in the spinal cord were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Results:  Rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis showed a shorter intercontraction interval compared with controls, where the cumulative intrathecal administration of ONO‐8711 did not significantly change micturition pressure or intercontraction interval compared with the baseline. In rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis, each dose of ONO‐8711 significantly increased the intercontraction interval compared with the baseline (46% increase at 50 µg intrathecally). Polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor in the spinal cord of both sham and cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis rats. In rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis, PGE2 concentration in the dorsal horn of the L5‐6 spinal cord was significantly higher than that in controls (3.55 ± 1.24 vs 0.99 ± 0.06 pg/mg tissue).Conclusions:  In rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis, urinary frequency seems to be caused by prostaglandin E2 acting on E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor at the level of the spinal cord. Blockade of the spinal E‐series prostaglandin 1 receptor by ONO‐8711 might have a therapeutic potential in the control of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
Human papillomavirus infection and the risk of cervical cancer in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Koji , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInfection with a high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is established as a major risk factor for cervical cancer. In Japan, eight HPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58) confer a much higher risk of cervical cancer and its immediate premalignant lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 [CIN 3]) than do other high‐risk and the low‐risk HPV types. However, only a small fraction of infected women develop CIN 3 or invasive cervical cancer, suggesting the involvement of additional cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis. A multicenter prospective cohort study of Japanese women with low‐grade cervical abnormalities has demonstrated that tobacco smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of persistent low‐grade cervical lesions, while the presence of human leukocyte antigen Class II DRB1*1302 protects against progression to CIN 3. Understanding the epidemiology of HPV infections and cervical cancer may improve prevention and lead to novel clinical management strategies for cervical precursor lesions. Viral and host factors that affect the risk of cervical cancer are discussed in this review.
Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the uterus of patients with leiomyoma or adenomyosis
Authors: Oh Na‐Jung , Ryu Ki‐Young , Jung Cha‐Nam , Yi Sang Yeop , Kim Se‐Ryun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  To confirm the difference in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the normal endometrium and myometrium of women who have leiomyoma or adenomyosis compared with controls, and its correlation with the pathogenesis of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea in patients with uterine leiomyoma.Methods:  Fifty‐one hysterectomized patients were divided into three groups: (i) patients with leiomyoma (n = 24); (ii) those with adenomyosis (n = 19); and (iii) the control group (n = 8). The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was confirmed on immunohistochemistry and analyzed using an evaluation nomogram.Results:  The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly higher in the leiomyoma group and the adenomyosis group as compared with the control group. In the subgroup analysis of leiomyoma depending on symptoms (menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea or both), the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly higher in the symptomatic subgroup than the asymptomatic subgroup (endometrium P = 0.0029, myometrium P = 0.0276).Conclusions:  Based on the findings that the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly higher in the uterus with leiomyoma or adenomyosis, it can therefore be inferred that nitric oxide might have a pathological effect on the uterus with the above diseases. In particular, it is also presumed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase is closely associated with menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea.
Immunohistochemical expression of the proliferative marker Ki67 in hydatidiform moles and its diagnostic value in the progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Hasanzadeh Malihe , Sharifi Nourieh , Esmaieli Habibollah , Daloee Mahdi Sharife , Tabari Azadeh 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  Considering that Ki‐67 is a proliferative marker in molar pregnancies and the possible progression of these kinds of pregnancies to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), we decided to evaluate the rate of expression of this marker in patients with uneventful hydatidiform moles and GTN. Moreover, we determined the predictive value of this factor for the progression of molar pregnancies to GTN.Methods:  In two groups of patients, including 30 patients with uneventful molar pregnancies and 30 patients with GTN, an immunohistochemical staining technique using the Envision method was performed. To evaluate nuclear immunoreactivity of trophoblastic cells for Ki67 on paraffin sections obtained from molar pregnancy products, the percentage of the stained cells was used. Semi‐quantitative evaluation was also performed. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results:  The expression of Ki67 in cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic cells of patients with GTN was significantly more than for patients with an uneventful molar pregnancy (P < 0.05). We considered a 12.5% cut‐off value for Ki67 in cytotrophoblastic cells and a sensitivity of 90%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value of 93.1% and negative predictive value of 90.3% were obtained. Similarly, considering a cut‐off value of 6% for Ki67 in syncytiotrophoblastic cells, results of 90% were obtained for all diagnostic indices.Conclusion:  Our findings suggest that expression of the Ki67 oncogene in trophoblastic cells in patients with GTN are found far more frequently than in patients with an uneventful molar pregnancy, and demonstrate a high predictive value of progression to GTN.
Intravenous iron sucrose versus oral iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kochhar Puneet Kaur , Kaundal Asmita , Ghosh Pranay 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of oral and intravenous iron therapy in improving iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and restoring iron stores, compare the obstetric outcome in the two groups and evaluate the safety of intravenous iron sucrose.Material and Methods:  This was a prospective study, where 100 anemic antenatal women with hemoglobin 7–9 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume <85 fL and serum ferritin <15 ng/mL, were randomized into two groups. In group A (n = 50), the women received 200 mg tablets of ferrous sulphate, each containing 60 mg elemental iron, three times a day for 4 weeks. In group B (n = 50), iron sucrose was given in divided doses of 200 mg each on alternate days by slow intravenous infusion. Primary outcome measure was treatment efficacy, assessed by measurement of hemoglobin, red blood cell indices and reticulocytes on days 7, 14, 21, and 30 and at delivery, and of ferritin on day 30 and at delivery. Any side‐effects of treatment and the neonatal outcome were studied as secondary outcome measures.Results:  There was a statistically significant difference in increase of hemoglobin levels (3.1 g/dL in group A vs 5.1 g/dL in group B; P = 0.002) and ferritin levels between the two groups on day 30 (P = 0.005). The adverse effects from iron treatment were mild but more prominent in group A. Neonatal outcome was comparable in the two groups.Conclusion:  Intravenous administration of iron sucrose is a safe treatment for correction of anemia in pregnancy, without serious side‐effects.
Natural history of primary precursor B lymphoblastic lymphoma of the ovary: Report of a rare case
Authors: Yadav Rajni , Sharma Mehar Chand , Karak Asis Kumar , Agarwal Nutan , Kumar Rajive , Kumar Lalit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe involvement of the ovaries in lymphomatous processes is a relatively rare phenomenon. Secondary involvement as a part of systemic disease is common as compared to de novo primary lymphoma. Mostly, primary ovarian lymphomas are diffuse large B cell type, whereas the precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas are extremely rare and only four cases have been reported previously. We herein describe a case of primary precursor B lymphoblastic lymphoma involving both ovaries in a 28‐year‐old woman which was detected incidentally and spread into the blood after 7 months; consequently she succumbed to the disease.
Complement factors are secreted in human follicular fluid by granulosa cells and are possible oocyte maturation factors
Authors: Yoo Sang Wook , Bolbot Tetyana , Koulova Anna , Sneeringer Rita , Humm Kathrin , Dagon Yossi , Usheva Anny 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAims:  In this study, we identify components of the complement system present in human follicular fluid that affect oocyte development and maturation.Material and Methods:  Using bottom‐up liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, we identified complement factors as consistently present in human follicular fluid from 15 different subjects.Results:  According to our gene‐chip data, these complement factors are actively produced by granulosa cells.Conclusions:  By applying the computational Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and database we have identified complement pathways that play a role in oocyte maturation and follicular development.
Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1: Prenatal diagnosis, clinical evaluation and cytogenetic findings. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cambosu Francesca , Capobianco Giampiero , Fogu Giuseppina , Bandiera Pasquale , Pirino Alessio , Moro Maria Antonietta , Sanna Raimonda , Soro Giovanna , Dessole Margherita , Montella Andrea 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPartial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 is a relatively rare cytogenetic anomaly. Its phenotype has still not been completely defined, because of the cytogenetic heterogeneity of the cases so far described. We report a prenatal case of partial 1q trisomy associated with partial monosomy 4q, secondary to balanced maternal translocation t(1;4). The trisomic segment extended from 1q31.1 to qter and the monosomy 4q was from 4q35.2 to qter. The phenotypic anomalies found by post‐mortem and autopsy examinations were compared with those of similar cases reported in the literature. We performed standard cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cerebral ventriculomegaly, present in our case, seemed to be a constant feature in partial 1q trisomies, so this cerebral malformation could be considered as the main echographic marker for this chromosomal imbalance and trisomy 1q should be added to the list of chromosomal abnormalities associated with ventriculomegaly.
Does microalbuminuria at mid‐pregnancy predict development of subsequent pre‐eclampsia?
Authors: Singh Renu , Tandon Indu , Deo Sujata , Natu Shankar Madhav 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate microalbuminuria at mid‐pregnancy, using the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR), as a predictor of pre‐eclampsia.Material and Methods:  This prospective observational study was carried out on 144 normotensive women, aged < 35 years, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, and live singleton pregnancy between 24 and 28 weeks. In all, the ACR was measured in spot random urine samples. Normoalbuminuria was an ACR of <30 mg/g, whereas microalbuminuria was an ACR of 30–299 mg/g creatinine. All were followed till delivery. Primary outcome was the development of pre‐eclampsia. The secondary outcome measures were preterm births and neonatal birthweight. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher's exact and t‐tests.Results:  Of all, 77.1% (111/144) had normoalbuminuria and 22.9% (33/144) had microalbuminuria. Of 33 microalbuminuric women, the mean blood pressure was significantly higher in those who subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.001). The mean ACR (mg/g) in this cohort was 60.6 ± 29.4. The mean ACR (mg/g) in women who subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia was significantly higher than in women who remained normotensive (P = 0.003). Of 33 microalbuminuric women, 12 (36.4%) developed pre‐eclampsia, and eight (24.2%) had preterm births. The mean birthweight (kg ± standard deviation) was significantly lower in the microalbuminuria group (2.45 ± 0.6) as compared to the normoalbuminuria group (2.8 ± 0.37), P < 0.001.Conclusion:  Microalbuminuria in mid‐pregnancy may be a significant predictor of development of subsequent pre‐eclampsia, preterm birth and low‐birthweight babies.
Preincisional infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of levobupivacaine 0.25% for management of early postoperative pain following laparoscopic ovarian drilling
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Taha , Hassanin Maher Z. , Elshmaa Nagat S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim:  To assess the effectiveness of combined preincisional local infiltration (at trocar sites) and intraperitoneal instillation of levobupivacaine 0.25% for the management of early postoperative pain following laparoscopic ovarian drilling.Materials and Methods:  This is a prospective randomized controlled observer‐blinded study. The study included 106 infertile patients with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were scheduled to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) during the period from November 2009 to February 2012 at TAIBA Hospital in Kuwait. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 53 patients each. Group I comprised patients who received preincisional local infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation levobupivacaine 0.25%. Patients in group II received equal volumes of normal saline 0.9% (NS) at the same sites. The primary outcome measures were visual analog scale pain scores and postoperative analgesic consumption.Results:  Postoperative average VAS pain scores, i.m. pethidine consumption and i.v. paracetamol consumption during the first 24 h were highly significantly lower in the levobupivacaine group compared to the NS group (P < 0.01). This technique was also associated with significantly higher overall patient satisfaction, shorter hospital stay and more rapid resumption of normal activity (P < 0.01) without any significant adverse events.Conclusion:  The combination of preincisional local infiltration and intraperitoneal instillation of levobupivacaine 0.25% was found to substantially reduce postoperative pain and the consumption of postoperative analgesics during the first 24 h; and shorten hospital stay and time to resume normal activities after LOD. It was also associated with a very high overall patient satisfaction without any significant adverse events.
Vaginal delivery following single incision sling (TVT‐Secur) for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Tommaselli Giovanni A. , Di Carlo Costantino , Formisano Carmen , Fabozzi Annamaria , Nappi Carmine 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn recent years, surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence has become minimally invasive owing to the introduction of the transobturator route first and then single incision devices for positioning of mid‐urethral slings. Although a number of case reports in the literature describe pregnancies successfully terminated both by vaginal delivery and cesarean section following mid‐urethral sling positioning, there is still no definitive consensus on which is the preferred mode of delivery in these patients. We report a case of spontaneous vaginal delivery at term in a 41‐year‐old multiparous woman two years after the positioning of a single incision sling (TVT‐Secur). The patient remained continent throughout the gestation and in the following 24 months. This case seems to further support the concept that sling procedures for stress urinary incontinence do not represent an absolute contraindication to spontaneous vaginal delivery, although the preferred mode of delivery must be assessed on an individual basis.
Fetal growth restriction and reversed middle cerebral artery end‐diastolic flow with subchorionic placental lake
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Sasaki Hiromasa , Hirabuki Shinya , Asamoto Akihiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is frequently associated with uteroplacental insufficiency. Placental lakes are avillous spaces filled with maternal venous blood that usually do not compromise the pregnancy outcome; however, a few reports describe FGR in association with placental lakes. Reversed middle cerebral artery (MCA) end‐diastolic flow is a rare event and a potential indicator of poor fetal outcome due to placental insufficiency. We report a case of severe FGR associated with a huge subchorionic placental lake concomitant with reversed MCA end‐diastolic flow. We also conducted a literature review.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage with intraplacental chorioangioma
Authors: Kawano Ryosuke , Takemoto Shuji , Shimamatsu Kazuhide , Hori Daizo , Kamura Toshiharu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA 37‐year‐old Asian woman, gravid 0 para 0, was admitted to our hospital at 34 weeks and 5 days of her pregnancy for management of preeclampsia. A few days after admission, she recognized diminished fetal movement, and a non‐stress test revealed a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern with decreased variability. A female baby weighing 1840 g was delivered by emergency cesarean section with Apgar scores of 5 and 5 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. Significant neonatal anemia with a hemoglobin level of 4.3 g/dL was observed. The elevated level of hemoglobin F (HbF) in the maternal blood accounted for 4.6% (normal ≦ 0.5%), and was indicative of the presence of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Microscopic examination of the placenta revealed chorioangioma. We report here a rare case of FMH with intraplacental chorioangioma, and discuss the relationship between these two pathologies.
Low titers of measles antibodies in Japanese pregnant women: A single‐center study
Authors: Kanda Eriko , Yamaguchi Koushi , Hanaoka Masachi , Matsui Hideo , Sago Haruhiko , Kubo Takahiko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim: Measles during pregnancy has deleterious effects on both perinatal and maternal outcomes. In Japan, local epidemics of measles and cases of measles during pregnancy are still being reported; therefore, the seroprevalence of antibodies to measles is suspected to be still not sufficient. The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of antibodies to measles in Japanese pregnant women and estimate the percentage of these women who require vaccination or revaccination against measles.Material and Methods: We analyzed the seroprevalence of immunity to measles by the neutralization test in 10 349 pregnant women in the first trimester managed at the National Center for Child Health and Development between February 2004 and December 2010. The neutralization test titers were interpreted as follows: ≧1:8, seropositive; = 4, low‐positive; ≦4, seronegative.Results: Of the total number of pregnant women tested, 7408 (71.6%) were seropositive, 1864 (18.0%) were low‐positive, and 1079 (10.4%) were seronegative for measles antibodies, respectively.Conclusion: Our results revealed that 28% of our pregnant population was seronegative or low‐positive for measles antibodies, and thought to require revaccination or vaccination. Screening for measles immunity might be advisable for women of childbearing age.