bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of epilepsy surgery—A systematic review of focal surgical resections and invasive EEG monitoring
Authors: Hader Walter J. , Tellez‐Zenteno Jose , Metcalfe Amy , Hernandez‐Ronquillo Lisbeth , Wiebe Samuel , Kwon Churl‐Su , Jette Nathalie 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPurposeUnderutilization of epilepsy surgery remains a major problem and is in part due to physicians' misconceptions about the risks associated with epilepsy surgery. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on complications of focal epilepsy surgery.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase to identify studies examining epilepsy surgery complications. Abstract and full text review, along with data extraction, was done in duplicate. Minor medical and neurologic complications were defined as those that resolved completely within 3 months of surgery, whereas major complications persisted beyond that time frame. Descriptive statistics were used to report complication proportions.Key FindingsInvasive monitoring: Minor complications were reported in 7.7% of patients, whereas major complications were reported in only 0.6% of patients undergoing invasive monitoring. Resective surgery: Minor and major medical complications were reported in 5.1% and 1.5% of patients respectively, most common being cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Minor neurologic complications occurred in 10.9% of patients and were twice as frequent in children (11.2% vs. 5.5%). Minor visual field defects were most common (12.9%). Major neurologic complications were noted in 4.7% of patients, with the most common being major visual field defects (2.1% overall). Perioperative mortality was uncommon after epilepsy surgery, occurring in only 0.4% of temporal lobe patients (1.2%extratemporal).SignificanceThe majority of complications after epilepsy surgery are minor or temporary as they tend to resolve completely. Major permanent neurologic complications remain uncommon. Mortality as a result of epilepsy surgery in the modern era is rare.
Prolonged febrile seizures, clinical characteristics, and acute management
Authors: Bassan Haim , Barzilay Marina , Shinnar Shlomo , Shorer Zamir , Matoth Israel , Gross‐Tsur Varda 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPurposeProlonged febrile seizures (PFS) lasting ≥15 min have been associated with increased risk for epilepsy in later life. Initial treatment, mostly prehospital, aims to prevent its evolution to febrile status epilepticus (FSE) and reduce adverse outcome. Paucity of information is available on the immediate treatment before reaching a hospital facility.MethodsWe obtained data, prospectively, on all children who presented from January 2008 to March 2010 with PFS to the emergency rooms of four Israeli medical centers. Information related to seizure semiology, treatment, and medical history was collected into a predefined pro forma form and reviewed centrally.Key FindingsSixty children, median age 18.3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 12–28) were included with a median seizure duration of 35 min (IQR 26–60), 43 (71.7%) lasting ≥30 min. Seizures had focal onset in 34 infants (57%). Fifty‐four families (90%) activated the ambulance service; median ambulance arrival time was 8 min (IQR 5–10), 33 (61%) were medically treated by the ambulance paramedic, of whom 15 (45%) responded to treatment. Twelve children with active seizures did not receive medications. Initial treatment with rectal diazepam was more common in those with seizure duration >30 min.SignificanceMost children with PFS are treated with antiepileptic drugs early by the ambulance service. However, even timely treatment does not prevent status epilepticus in the majority of cases. These data highlight the need for effective early treatment of this common pediatric emergency.
The lumazine synthase/riboflavin synthase complex: shapes and functions of a highly variable enzyme system
Authors: Ladenstein Rudolf , Fischer Markus , Bacher Adelbert 
Published: April 2013

The xylene ring of riboflavin (vitamin B2) is assembled from two molecules of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐butanone 4‐phosphate by a mechanistically complex process that is jointly catalyzed by lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase. In Bacillaceae, these enzymes form a structurally unique complex comprising an icosahedral shell of 60 lumazine synthase subunits and a core of three riboflavin synthase subunits, whereas many other bacteria have empty lumazine synthase capsids, fungi, Archaea and some eubacteria have pentameric lumazine synthases, and the riboflavin synthases of Archaea are paralogs of lumazine synthase. The structures of the molecular ensembles have been studied in considerable detail by X‐ray crystallography, X‐ray small‐angle scattering and electron microscopy. However, certain mechanistic aspects remain unknown. Surprisingly, the quaternary structure of the icosahedral β subunit capsids undergoes drastic changes, resulting in formation of large, quasi‐spherical capsids; this process is modulated by sequence mutations. The occurrence of large shells consisting of 180 or more lumazine synthase subunits has recently generated interest for protein engineering topics, particularly the construction of encapsulation systems.
Proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 induces MCPIP1 expression
Authors: Skalniak Lukasz , Koj Aleksander , Jura Jolanta 
Published: April 2013

The proteasome is a protein complex responsible for the degradation of polyubiquitin‐tagged proteins. Besides the removal of target proteins, the proteasome also participates in the regulation of gene transcription in both proteolytic and non‐proteolytic fashion. In this study the effect of proteasome inhibition on the basal expression of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) was examined. Treatment of HepG2 or HeLa cells with proteasome inhibitor MG‐132 resulted in a significant increase of MCPIP1 expression, both at mRNA and protein level. Interestingly, MG‐132 did not alter MCPIP1 stability. Instead, the observed protein increase was blocked by actinomycin D, suggesting the involvement of de novo mRNA synthesis in the increase of MCPIP1 protein following MG‐132 treatment. Using several inhibitors we determined the participation of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 kinases in MCPIP1 upregulation by MG‐132. Our findings show for the first time the impact of proteasome inhibition on MCPIP1 protein expression by modulation of the activity of intracellular signaling pathways. Overexpression of MCPIP1‐myc protein decreased the viability of HeLa cells but not HepG2 cells, which correlates with the increased susceptibility of HeLa cells to MG‐132 toxicity. Notably, both MG‐132 treatment and MCPIP1‐myc overexpression led to the activation of apoptosis, as revealed by the induction of caspases 3/7 in both types of cell lines. This suggests the involvement of MCPIP1 upregulation in toxic properties of proteasome inhibition, which is an acknowledged approach to the treatment of several cancer types.
Could some coral reefs become sponge reefs as our climate changes?
Authors: Bell James J. , Davy Simon K. , Jones Timothy , Taylor Michael W. , Webster Nicole S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCoral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and have a bleak future in response to predicted global warming and ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not the first time that biocalcifying organisms, including corals, have faced the threat of extinction. The end‐Triassic mass extinction (200 million years ago) was the most severe biotic crisis experienced by modern marine invertebrates, which selected against biocalcifiers; this was followed by the proliferation of another invertebrate group, sponges. The duration of this sponge‐dominated period far surpasses that of alternative stable‐ecosystem or phase‐shift states reported on modern day coral reefs and, as such, a shift to sponge‐dominated reefs warrants serious consideration as one future trajectory of coral reefs. We hypothesise that some coral reefs of today may become sponge reefs in the future, as sponges and corals respond differently to changing ocean chemistry and environmental conditions. To support this hypothesis, we discuss: (i) the presence of sponge reefs in the geological record; (ii) reported shifts from coral‐ to sponge‐dominated systems; and (iii) direct and indirect responses of the sponge holobiont and its constituent parts (host and symbionts) to changes in temperature andpH. Based on this evidence, we propose that sponges may be one group to benefit from projected climate change and ocean acidification scenarios, and that increased sponge abundance represents a possible future trajectory for some coral reefs, which would have important implications for overall reef functioning.
Closing the yield gap could reduce projected greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of maize production inChina
Authors: Cui Zhenling , Yue Shanchao , Wang Guiliang , Meng Qingfeng , Wu Liang , Yang Zhiping , Zhang Qiang , Li Shiqing , Zhang Fusuo , Chen Xinping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlthough the goal of doubling food demand while simultaneously reducing agricultural environmental damage has become widely accepted, the dominant agricultural paradigm still considers high yields and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity to be in conflict with one another. Here, we achieved an increase in maize yield of 70% in on‐farm experiments by closing the yield gap and evaluated the trade‐off between grain yield, nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, andGHGemissions. Based on two groups of N application experiments in six locations for 16 on‐farm site‐years, an integrated soil‐crop system (HY) approach achieved 93% of the yield potential and averaged 14.8 Mg ha−1maize grain yield at 15.5% moisture. This is 70% higher than current crop (CC) management. More importantly, the optimal N rate for theHYsystem was 250 kg N ha−1, which is only 38% more N fertilizer input than that applied in theCCsystem. Both theN2Oemission intensity andGHGintensity increased exponentially as the N application rate increased, and the response curve for theCCsystem was always higher than that for theHYsystem. Although the N application rate increased by 38%,N2Oemission intensity and theGHGintensity of theHYsystem were reduced by 12% and 19%, respectively. These on‐farm observations indicate that closing the yield gap alongside efficient N management should therefore be prominent among a portfolio of strategies to meet food demand while reducingGHGintensity at the same time.
Case Report: Helicobacter suis Infection in a Pig Veterinarian
Authors: Joosten Myrthe , Flahou Bram , Meyns Tom , Smet Annemieke , Arts Joris , De Cooman Lien , Pasmans Frank , Ducatelle Richard , Haesebrouck Freddy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study describes a non‐Helicobacter (H.) pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) infection in a pig veterinarian. The patient suffered from reflux esophagitis and general dyspeptic symptoms and was referred to the hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Histologic examination of corpus and antrum biopsies revealed a chronic gastritis. Large spiral‐shaped non‐H. pylori helicobacters could be visualized and were identified as H. suis by PCR. The patient was treated with a triple therapy, consisting of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and pantoprazole for 10 days. Successful eradication was confirmed after a follow‐up gastrointestinal endoscopy and PCR 10 weeks after treatment. A mild chronic gastritis was, however, still observed at this point in time. This case report associates porcine H. suis strains with gastric disease in humans, thus emphasizing the zoonotic importance of H. suis bacteria from pigs.
Academic Staff Involvement and Openness to Diversity in International Educational Organisations: Is There a Moderating Effect of Shared Language?
Authors: Selmer Jan , Lauring Jakob , Jonasson Charlotte 
Published: April 2013

AbstractJoint work among academic staff is important for solving the ever‐increasing number of complex tasks that are becoming part of everyday activities in higher education. At the same time, diversification and internationalisation may challenge collaboration processes and communication demands. Speaking a shared language consistently could be a way of overcoming problems. Hence, this study focuses on the effect of shared language among academic staff on the relation between academic staff involvement in work processes and openness to diversity. This study draws on data from 489Danish academic staff members in science departments of three universities. Results show positive associations between academic staff involvement and all openness‐to‐diversity variables (openness to informational, linguistic, value and visible diversity). Shared language had a positive effect on openness to surface level types of diversity (linguistic and visible) but no effect on openness to deep‐level types of diversity (informational and value).
The public's priorities in health services
Authors: Kaplan Giora , Baron‐Epel Orna 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundRationing in health services cannot be solved only by cost‐effective analysis because social values play a central role in the difficult trade‐off dilemma of prioritizing some service over others.ObjectiveTo examine the relative importance ascribed by the public to selected components of health services, in the national allocation of resources as well as in their personal insurance.MethodsA telephone survey of a representative sample of the Israeli adult population (N = 1225). Two versions of the questionnaire were used. At the national level, interviewees were asked to assume they were the Minister of Health. At the personal level, interviewees were asked to choose items to be included in their personal complementary health insurance.ResultsCheck‐ups for early disease detection and nursing care for the frail elderly got the highest support for extra budget as well as to be included in personal insurance. Other items presented were fertility treatments, cardiac rehabilitation, mental health, dental health, programmes for preventive medicine and health promotion, subsidizing supplemental insurance for the poor, additional staff for primary clinics and building a new hospital. The lowest support was for alternative medicine and for cosmetic surgery. No subgroup in the Israeli society presented a different first priority.ConclusionThe Israeli public does not give high priority to ‘nice to have’ services but their selections are ‘mature’ and responsible. Rationing in health care requires listening to the public even if there are still many methodological limitations on how to reflect the public's opinion.
Palynological, physico‐chemical and organoleptic characteristics of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) honey from Sicily
Authors: Ferrauto Giovanna , Pavone Pietro 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis study shows the results of melissopalynological and sensory evaluations on twenty‐five carob tree honey samples coming from Sicily and declared unifloral by the local beekeepers. This specific carob tree honey production is erratic and limited because of its cold weather spreading, depending on seasonal trends that influence both the final amount and quality of honey itself. According to the melissopalynological results on samples, a minimum of 15% carob tree pollen was considered sufficient to typify these honeys as unifloral. The physico‐chemical analysis was performed on the samples satisfying this percentage and determined the following parameters: moisture, pH, acidity, HMF, diastase activity, electrical conductivity, ash, sugar and colour. Physico‐chemical analyses showed medium to high values for diastase activity, electrical conductivity, free acidity and moisture.
Antioxidant peptides obtained from goose egg white proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Baratzadeh Mohammad‐Hossein , Asoodeh Ahmad , Chamani Jamshidkhan 
Published: April 2013

SummaryIn this study, antioxidant peptides from goose egg white proteins produced using various enzymes were purified and characterised. Two peptides were named as p14 and p16, showing the highest scavenging activity of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the highest metal ion chelating activity, respectively. The sequences of p14 and p16 were identified to be STMMEERRMKVY (1560.72 Da) and DVFRELRVQ (1161.62 Da), respectively. The sequence of p14 has a similarity of 75% to ovalbumin from Meleagris gallopavo and the sequence of p16 has a similarity of 67% to ovalbumin from Taeniopygia guttata. IC50 values of p14 and p16 were determined, and results showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity was 81.6 and 205.5 μm, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonicacid)(ABTS) radical scavenging was 88.4 and 153.8 μm, hydroxyl radical scavenging was 85.5 and 116.3 μm and metal ion chelating was 170.6 and 117.9 μm, respectively. The two identified peptides from goose egg white hydrolysates act as potent natural antioxidant agents.
Evaluation of Pseudomonas spp. through O2 and CO2 headspace analysis
Authors: Bevilacqua Antonio , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Martino Giuseppe , Sinigaglia Milena 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis article proposes an approach to determine the level of Pseudomonas spp. in milk, based on the evaluation of the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide produced in the headspace of sealed vials; the research was divided into two phases: model building and preliminary validation. Three different strains of Pseudomonas spp., Ps. putida (wild strain) and Ps. fluorescens (wild and collection isolates), were used as targets. Data of CO2 and O2 were modelled through a modified positive (CO2) or a negative Gompertz equation (O2) to estimate the Minimum Detection Time (MDT), defined as the time to attain 3% of CO2 (MDT1) or a decrease in the content of O2 by 3% (MDT2). Then, MDT1 and MDT2 were submitted to a linear regression procedure, using cell concentration as independent variable; the correlations ‘MDT1/cell concentration’ and ‘MDT2/cell concentration’ showed high determination coefficients (>0.983). Moreover, the regression procedure pointed out that both MDT1 and MDT2 decreased by ca. 3 h for an increase in cell count of 1 log cfu mL−1. Preliminary validation in milk pointed out that the error associated with the regression line ‘MDT2/cell concentration’ was below 5%.
The role of miRNAs in mast cells and other innate immune cells
Authors: Montagner Sara , Orlandi Ester M. , Merante Serena , Monticelli Silvia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of small regulatory molecules able to control translation of target mRNAs and consequently to regulate various biological processes at a posttranscriptional level. Their importance is highlighted by the fact that altered miRNA expression is linked to a variety of human diseases, particularly cancer. Accordingly, miRNA biogenesis itself must be carefully regulated, both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Here, we focus on the role of miRNAs in three lineages of myeloid cells important in both innate and acquired immunity: mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. These three cell types are strategically located throughout the body tissues, where they can respond to foreign material, danger, and inflammatory signals. We discuss the role of miRNAs in these cell types, with a special focus on three of the most extensively studied miRNAs, namely miR‐221, miR‐146a, and miR‐155. We also discuss the role of cell‐to‐cell transfer of miRNAs in dendritic cells, mast cells, and macrophages, and we speculate about possible future directions in the field.
A daunting task: manipulating leukocyte function with RNAi
Authors: Peer Dan 
Published: April 2013

SummaryRNA interference (RNAi) has advanced into clinical trials. In spite of the progress made in systemic RNAi delivery to the liver and solid tumors, delivery of RNAi to leukocytes remains challenging and less advanced. Manipulating leukocyte function with RNAi holds great promise for streamlining the drug discovery process by facilitating in vivo drug target validation and for facilitating the development of RNAi‐based therapy platforms for leukocyte‐implicated diseases, such as blood cancer, inflammation, and leukocyte‐tropic viral infections. In this review, progress in delivery strategies of RNAi payloads to leukocytes, which are notoriously difficult cells to transduce with RNAi, is discussed with special emphasis on the challenges and potential opportunities for manipulating leukocyte function with RNAi.
MicroRNA function in NK‐cell biology
Authors: Beaulieu Aimee M. , Bezman Natalie A. , Lee Jang Eun , Matloubian Mehrdad , Sun Joseph C. , Lanier Lewis L. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe important role of microRNAs in directing immune responses has become increasingly clear. Here, we highlight discoveries uncovering the role of specific microRNAs in regulating the development and function of natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of NK cells on the entire immune system during global and specific microRNA ablation in the settings of inflammation, infection, and immune dysregulation.
Regulation of B‐cell development and function by microRNAs
Authors: de Yébenes Virginia G , Bartolomé‐Izquierdo Nahikari , Ramiro Almudena R. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a new class of gene expression regulators whose functions influence a myriad of biological processes, from developmental decisions through immune responses and numerous pathologies, including cancer and autoimmunity. miRNAs are small RNA molecules that drive post‐transcriptional negative regulation of gene expression by promoting the degradation or translational block of their target mRNAs. Here, we review some of the data relating to the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the B‐cell lineage, with a special focus on results obtained in vivo. We start by giving a general overview of miRNA activity, including the issue of target specificity and the experimental approaches more widely used to analyze the function of these molecules. We then go on to discuss the function of miRNAs during B‐cell differentiation in the bone marrow and in the periphery as well as during the humoral immune response. Finally, we describe a few examples of the contribution of miRNAs, both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, to the development of B‐cell neoplasias.
Exploring the RNA world in hematopoietic cells through the lens of RNA‐binding proteins
Authors: Yuan Joan , Muljo Stefan A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe discovery of microRNAs has renewed interest in posttranscriptional modes of regulation, fueling an emerging view of a rich RNA world within our cells that deserves further exploration. Much work has gone into elucidating genetic regulatory networks that orchestrate gene expression programs and direct cell fate decisions in the hematopoietic system. However, the focus has been to elucidate signaling pathways and transcriptional programs. To bring us one step closer to reverse engineering the molecular logic of cellular differentiation, it will be necessary to map posttranscriptional circuits as well and integrate them in the context of existing network models. In this regard, RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) may rival transcription factors as important regulators of cell fates and represent a tractable opportunity to connect the RNA world to the proteome. ChIP‐seq has greatly facilitated genome‐wide localization of DNA‐binding proteins, helping us to understand genomic regulation at a systems level. Similarly, technological advances such as CLIP‐seq allow transcriptome‐wide mapping of RBP binding sites, aiding us to unravel posttranscriptional networks. Here, we review RBP‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation, paying special attention to findings relevant to the immune system. As a prime example, we highlight the RBP Lin28B, which acts as a heterochronic switch between fetal and adult lymphopoiesis.