bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Higher Jsc by Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Counter Electrodes
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Zhang Dingwen , Chen Si , Zhang Heng , Sun Zhuo , Huang Sumei , Yin Xijiang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A flexible counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) has been fabricated using a micro-porous polyvinylidene fluoride membrane as support media and sputtered Pt as the catalytic material. Non-conventional structure DSCs have been developed by the fabricated CEs. The Pt metal was sputtered onto one surface of the membrane as the catalytic material. DSCs were assembled by attaching the TiO2 electrode to the membrane surface without Pt coating. The membrane was with cylindrical pore geometry. It served not only as a substrate for the CE but also as a spacer for the DSC. The fabricated DSC with the flexible membrane CE showed higher photocurrent density than the conventional sandwich devices based on chemically deposited Pt/FTO glass, achieving a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 4.43%. The results provides useful information in investigation and development of stable, low-cost, simple-design, flexible and lightweight DSCs.
III-Nitride-Based Quantum Dots and Their Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Weng G. E. , Ling A. K. , Lv X. Q. , Zhang J. Y. , Zhang B. P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
During the last two decades, III-nitride-based quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attentions for optoelectronic applications due to their unique electronic properties. In this paper, we first present an overview on the techniques of fabrication for III-nitride-based QDs. Then various optoelectronic devices such as QD lasers, QD light-emitting diodes (LEDs), QD infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) and QD intermediate band (QDIB) solar cells (SCs) are discussed. Finally, we focus on the future research directions and how the challenges can be overcome.
Synthesis of Micron-sized Hexagonal and Flower-like Nanostructures of Lead Oxide (PbO2) by Anodic Oxidation of Lead
Authors: Singh Dinesh Pratap , Srivastava Onkar Nath 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Micron sized hexagon- and flower-like nanostructures of lead oxide (α-PbO2) have been synthesized by very simple and cost effective route of anodic oxidation of lead sheet. These structures were easily obtained by the simple variation of applied voltage from 2–6 V between the electrodes. Lead sheet was used as an anode and platinum sheet served as a cathode. Anodic oxidation at 2 V resulted in the variable edge sized (1–2 μm) hexagon-like structures in the electrolyte. When the applied potential was increased to 4 V a structure of distorted hexagons consisting of some flower-like structures were obtained. Further increment of potential up to 6 V resulted in flower like structures of α-PbO2 having six petals. The diameter of the flower-like structures was ∼200–500 nm and the size of a petal was ∼100–200 nm.
Mixed Phase Anatase/rutile Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene-blue
Authors: Boehme Mario , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Titanium dioxide Nanotubes (TNTs) prepared by electroless deposition have been annealed at air ambient and low temperature. As a result, the anatase/rutile phase composition of the TNTs can be tailored to the needs of later applications. Nanotubes with anatase/rutile mixed phase ratio of 4:1 have been produced in this report and further examined for their photocatalytical behavior. The photocatalytical properties of the TNTs have been observed by degradation of methylene-blue in aqueous solution under low power UV-light irradiation. The results shown in this report are based on the synergetic effect between rutile and anatase, which results in the mixed phase TiO2 nanotubes having enhanced photocatalytical properties.
Research on the Forming Mechanism of Micro/Nano Features during the Cast Molding Process
Authors: Ye Xiangdong , Duan Yugang , Ding Yucheng 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Cast molding process has provided a reliable, simple and cost-effective way to fabricate micro structures since decades ago. In order to obtain structures with fine, dense and deep nano-size features by cast molding, it is necessary to study the forming mechanism in the process. In this paper, based on major steps of cast molding, filling models of liquid are established and solved; and the forming mechanism of liquid is revealed. Moreover, the scale effect between the liquid and the cavity on the filling velocity of liquid is studied. It is also interesting to find out that the wettability of liquid on the cavity may be changed from wetting to dewetting depends on the pressure difference. Finally, we experimentally verify some of our modeling results on the flowing and filling state of the liquid during the cast molding process.
Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based on MgO Barrier Prepared by Natural Oxidation and Direct Sputtering Deposition
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Freitas Paulo P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) based on MgO barrier have been fabricated by sputtering single crystal MgO target and metal Mg target, respectively, using magnetic sputtering system Nordiko 2000. MgO barriers have been formed by a multi-step deposition and natural oxidization of Mg layer. Mg layer thickness, oxygen flow rate and oxidization time were adjusted and the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of optimal MTJs is over 60% at annealing temperature 385°. The (001) MgO crystal structure was obtained when the separation distance between MgO target and substrate is less than 6 cm. The TMR ratio of most MgO based MTJs are over 100% at the separation distance of 5 cm and annealing temperature 340°C. The TMR ratios of MTJs are almost zero when the separation distance ranges from 6 to 10 cm, due to the amorphous nature of the MgO film.
The Assembly of C60 in Semicrystalline PLLA Matrix
Authors: Chen Li , Pang Xiujiang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
It has increasingly become a research focus to build higher structure composed of C60. However, there has been very few reports on the influence of polymer addition on the self-assembling behavior of fullerene in organic solvents. In this research, big needle-like C60 assemblings have been obtained in the form of PLLA/C60 composites. The largest C60 needles can be observed by naked eyes. The amount of C60 in the composite influences the length of C60 needles to some extent. DSC results indicate C60 accelerates the crystallization and lift the relative crystallinity of PLLA matrix. the results also imply the addition of semicrystalline PLLA influence the assembling behavior of C60. i.e., the crystallization of PLLA accelerated by C60 also act a driving force for the enriching and the linear assembling of C60 in PLLA matrix via Van der Waals force.
Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Quenching and Prevention of Biofilm Formation
Authors: Chaudhari Pratik R. , Masurkar Shalaka A. , Shidore Vrishali B. , Kamble Suresh P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The development of green experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a need in the field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved using Bacillus cereus supernatant and 1 mM silver nitrate. 100 mM glucose was found to quicken the rate of reaction of silver nanoparticles synthesis. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was carried out to assess the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were further characterized by using Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer (NTA), Transmission Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra. These silver nanoparticles showed enhanced quorum quenching activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and prevention of biofilm formation which can be seen under inverted microscope (40 X). The synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles along with antibiotics in biofilm quenching was found to be effective. In the near future, silver nanoparticles could be used in the treatment of infections caused by highly antibiotic resistant biofilm.
High Potential Columnar Nanocrystalline AlN Films Deposited by RF Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Han Chengzhang , Chen Da , Zhang Yaozhong , Xu Dong , Liu Yijian , Kong Eric Siu-Wai , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Columnar nanocrystalline aluminum nitride (cnc-AlN) thin films with (002) orientation and uniform texture have been deposited successfully on large silicon wafers by RF reactive magnetron sputtering. At the optimum sputtering parameters, the deposited cnc-AlN thin films show a c-axis preferred orientation with a crystallite size of about 28 nm and surface roughness (RMS) of about 1.29 nm. The cnc-AlN thin films were well transparent with an optical band gap about 4.8 eV, and the residual compressive stress and the defect density in the film have been revealed by Ramon spectroscopy. Moreover, piezoelectric performances of the cnc-AlN thin films executed effectively in a film bulk acoustic resonator structure.
Synthesis of Cobalt Chromite Nanoparticles by Thermolysis of Mixed Cr3+ and Co2+ Chelates of 2-Mercaptopyridin N-Oxide
Authors: Edrissi Mohammad. , Keshavarz Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Pure greenish-blue cobalt chromite (CoCr2O4) nanoparticles with narrow particle range of 4.1±1.9 nm and surface area of 78.2 m2g−1 were synthesized through mixed chelates thermolysis of corresponding metals using 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxide sodium salt as chelating agent. During the thermolysis procedure, high amount of gases were emitted that led to the formation of nanoparticles with high surface area. The product was characterized by TGA, DTG, XRD, TEM, SEM, LLS, BET and chemical analysis. Design of experiments was performed to fulfill the two levels L4 Taguchi design. It was found that the temperature and time of thermolysis process have significant effect on the particle size reduction. The Oxidation of trichloroethylene was carried out over CoCr2O4 nanocrystallite. Catalytic activity analysis revealed that the synthesis CoCr2O4 possesses high catalytic activity for this process.
Preparation and Characterization of Freestanding Hierarchical Porous TiO2 Monolith Modified with Graphene Oxide
Authors: Wan Lei , Long Mingce , Zhou Dongying , Zhang Liying , Cai Weimin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Catalyst recovery is one of the most important aspects that restrict the application of TiO2 photocatalyst. In order to reduce restrictions and improve the photocatalytic efficiency, a hierarchical porous TiO2 monolith (PTM) with well-defined macroporous and homogeneous mesoporous structure was prepared by using a sol-gel phase separation method. P123 was used as the mesoporous template and graphene oxide was applied to increase the activity and integrity of the monolithic TiO2. According to scanning electron microscopy and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda measurements, PTM3 is mainly composed of 10 nm anatase crystallines with 3.6 nm mesopores and 2–8 μm macropores. Further characterization suggests carbon and nitrogen have been maintained in the PTM during calcinations so as to induce the visible light activity. The PTM with 0.07 wt% graphene oxide dosage shows high efficiency for methyl orange (MO) decolorization under both full spectrum and visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm). Besides, the monolith remains intact and has good photocatalytic stability after four cyclic experiments.
Type-II Core/Shell Nanowire Heterostructures and Their Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Cao Yiyan , Wu Zhiming , Ni Jianchao , Bhutto Waseem. A. , Li Jing , Li Shuping , Huang Kai , Kang Junyong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nanowire-based photovoltaic devices have the advantages over planar devices in light absorption and charge transport and collection. Recently, a new strategy relying on type-II band alignment has been proposed to facilitate efficient charge separation in core/shell nanowire solar cells. This paper reviews the type-II heterojunction solar cells based on core/shell nanowire arrays, and specifically focuses on the progress of theoretical design and fabrication of type-II ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanowire-based solar cells. A strong photoresponse associated with the type-II interfacial transition exhibits a threshold of 1.6 eV, which demonstrates the feasibility and great potential for exploring all-inorganic versions of type-II heterojunction solar cells using wide bandgap semiconductors. Future prospects in this area are also outlooked.
Recent Advances in Directed Assembly of Nanowires or Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Mei , Wu Zhizheng , Lau Woon Ming , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nanowires and nanotubes of diverse material compositions, properties and/or functions have been produced or fabricated through various bottom-up or top-down approaches. These nanowires or nanotubes have also been utilized as potential building blocks for functional nanodevices. The key for the integration of those nanowire or nanotube based devices is to assemble these one dimensional nanomaterials to specific locations using techniques that are highly controllable and scalable. Ideally such techniques should enable assembly of highly uniform nanowire/nanotube arrays with precise control of density, location, dimension or even material type of nanowire/nanotube. Numerous assembly techniques are being developed that can quickly align and assemble large quantities of one type or multiple types of nanowires through parallel processes, including flow-assisted alignment, Langmuir-Blodgett assembly, bubble-blown technique, electric/magnetic- field directed assembly, contact/roll printing, knocking-down, etc.. With these assembling techniques, applications of nanowire/nanotube based devices such as flexible electronics and sensors have been demonstrated. This paper delivers an overall review of directed nanowire assembling approaches and analyzes advantages and limitations of each method. The future research directions have also been discussed.
Self-Assembled Monolayer of Mixed Gold and Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Jie Yanni , Fan Huiqing , You Wei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Forming a monolayer of mixed nickel and gold nanoparticles through self-assembly via simple solution processing constitutes an important step toward inexpensive nanoparticle-based carbon nanofiber growth. In this work, mixed gold and nickel nanoparticles were anchored on the silicon wafer using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a template. SAMs of 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS-SAMs) were formed on silicon wafer, with the exposed thiol functionality providing ligand exchange sites to form the mixed monolayer of nickel and gold nanoparticles via a two-step sequential soaking approach. The densities of the nickel and gold nanoparticles on the surface can be varied by adjusting the soaking sequence.
Fabrication and Microwave Absorption Properties of Fe0.64Ni0.36-NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Yan Xu , Xue Desheng 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Fe0.64Ni0.36−NiFe2O4 nanocomposite was performed with partially reducing NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in Ar/H2 ambient. The microwave and static magnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the nanocomposite was characterized with enhanced microwave absorption properties. The optimal reflection loss (RL) of the nanocomposite reached −24.8 dB at 14 GHz for an absorber thickness of 1.5 mm. Meanwhile, a broad bandwidth for RL<-10 dB was obtained in the range of 3.1–15.1 GHz for an absorber thickness from 1.0 to 4.0 mm. The enhancement is attributed to the increase of dielectric and magnetic loss after reducing procedure.
Characterization of Cysteine Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Ahmadi Reza , Gu Ning , Madaah Hosseini Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this work, a kind of stabilized ferrofluid based on magnetite nanoparticles (mean core and its coating size about 21.9 and 1.6 nm, respectively) was synthesized via coprecipitation method. Cysteine was used as surfactant due to its proper conjunction to the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. Coating density and synthesized ferrofluids were characterized by using transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetry analysis, dynamic light scattering and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging studies show that the synthesized ferrofluid can be used as a potential contrast enhancement agent especially for imaging lymphatic system.
YbF3/SiO2 Fillers as Radiopacifiers in a Dental Adhesive Resin
Authors: Carreño Neftali L. V. , Oliveira Thiago C. S. , Piva Evandro , Leal Fernanda B. , Lima Giana S. , Moncks Marcelo D. , Raubach Cristiane W. , Ogliari Fabrício A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of functionalizing a dental adhesive resin with YbF3/SiO2 fillers for use as radiopacifiers. Particles of YbF3/SiO2 were obtained with the high-energy mechanical milling method and characterized by both physical and chemical methods. After characterization, the particles were sieved and silanized prior to being incorporated into an adhesive resin. The stability of the particle suspension was then evaluated. After light activation, the radiopacity, degree of conversion, flexural strength and elastic modulus were determined. The dental adhesive resins with 10 and 15 wt% of filler provided satisfactory radiopacity, while flexural strength and elastic modulus were not affected. The degree of conversion was statistically lower than that of the control (p<0.05). The method used for incorporating the tested ytterbium fluoride/silicon dioxide particles at concentrations of 10 and 15 wt% was shown to be feasible for the development of a radiopaque dental adhesive system.
Enhanced Current Transportation in Siliconriched Nitride (SRN)/Silicon-riched Oxide (SRO) Multilayer Nanostructure
Authors: Tao Yeliao , Zheng Jun , Zuo Yuhua , Xue Chunlai , Cheng Buwen , Wang Qiming 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A novel structure of silicon-riched nitride (SRN)/silicon-riched oxide (SRO) is proposed and prepared using RF reactive magnetron co-sputtering. High temperature annealing of SRN/SRO multilayers leads to formation of Si nanocrystals (NC) from isolating SRN and SRO layers simultaneously, which efficiently improves carrier transport ability compared to conventional SRN/Si3N4 counterpart. Micro-Raman scattering analysis reveals that SRN layer has dominating number of denser and smaller Si NCs, while SRO layer has relatively less, sparser and bigger Si NCs, as confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy observation. The substitute SRO layers for Si3N4 counterparts significantly increase the amount of Si NCs as well as crystallization ratio in SRN layers; while the average Si NC size can be well controlled by the thickness of SRN layers and the content of N, and hence an obvious stronger absorption in UV region for the novel structure can be observed in absorption spectra. The I–V characteristics show that the current of hybrid SRN/SRO system increases up to 2 orders of magnitude at 1 V and even 5 orders of magnitude at 4 V compared to that of SRN/Si3N4 structure. Si NCs in SiOy layers provide a transport pathway for adjacent Si NCs in SiNx layers. The obvious advantage in carrier transportation suggests that SRN/SRO hybrid system could be a promising structure and platform to build Si nanostructured solar cells.
Contact Mechanism of the Ag-doped Trimolybdate Nanowire as An Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Jiang Yujie , Gang Jian , Xu Sheng-Yong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Antibacterial Ag-agents are intensively applied as broad spectrum, high-stability, high-efficiency and high-safety inorganic antibacterial agents. We have developed a new kind of antibacterial Ag-agent, namely Ag2−x
(NH4)
x
Mo3O10·3H2O nanowires (NWs). Carrying Ag atoms in the lattice and Ag-rich nanoparticles on the surface, the Ag-doped NWs show strong antibacterial effects for a variety of bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. By performing systematic comparison experiments, we have proven that the main antibacterial effects are neither resulted from the tiny amount of Ag+ ions released from the Ag-doped NWs in aqueous solutions, nor resulted from Ag-rich nanoparticles of fragments of the NWs when they are slowly dissolved in the Martin broth. Instead, the effects are mainly resulted from a contact mechanism, under which, the Ag-doped NWs need to be physically in contact with the bacteria to be eliminated. This is a novel phenomenon observed in the interactions between nanomaterials and live cells, which is worthy of further investigation at the molecular scale. As the Ag-doped NWs are not dissolved in pure water or weak acids, one may find practical antibacterial applications in textile industry and food storage industry for these unique nanomaterials.
Titania Nanostructures for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Byranvand M. Malekshahi , Kharat A. Nemati , Bazargan M. H. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Titania is one kind of important materials, which has been extensively investigated because of its unique electronic and optical properties. Research efforts have largely focused on the optimization of the dye, but recently the titania nanostructures electrode itself has attracted more attention. It has been shown that particle size, shape, crystallinity, surface morphology, and chemistry of the TiO2 material are key parameters which should be controlled for optimized performance of the solar cell. Titania can be found in different shape of nanostructures including mesoporous, nanotube, nanowire, and nanorod structures. The present article reviews the structural, synthesis, electronic, and optical properties of TiO2 nanostructures for dye sensitized solar cells.
Fabrication of Anti-reflecting Si Nano-structures with Low Aspect Ratio by Nano-sphere Lithography Technique
Authors: Sun Shenghua , Lu Peng , Xu Jun , Xu Ling , Chen Kunji , Wang Qimin , Zuo Yuhua 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nano-structured photon management is currently an interesting topic since it can enhance the optical absorption and reduce the surface reflection which will improve the performance of many kinds of optoelectronic devices, such as Si-based solar cells and light emitting diodes. Here, we report the fabrication of periodically nano-patterned Si structures by using polystyrene nano-sphere lithography technique. By changing the diameter of nano-spheres and the dry etching parameters, such as etching time and etching power, the morphologies of formed Si nano-structures can be well controlled as revealed by atomic force microscopy. A good broadband antireflection property has been achieved for the formed periodically nano-patterned Si structures though they have the low aspect ratio (<0.53). The reflection can be significantly reduced compared with that of flat Si substrate in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 1200 nm. The weighted mean reflection under the AM1.5 solar spectrum irradiation can be as low as 3.92% and the corresponding optical absorption is significantly improved, which indicates that the present Si periodic nano-structures can be used in Si-based thin film solar cells.