bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical performance of access flap in the treatment of class II furcation defects. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Gennai Stefano , Karapetsa Dimitra , Rosini Stefano , Filice Natalia , Gabriele Mario , Tonetti Maurizio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review the performance of access flap (OFD) in the treatment of class II furcation defects (FD).MethodsRCTs evaluating surgical treatment of class II FD with OFD, minimum 6 months follow‐up were identified. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted independently by three reviewers. The primary outcomes were tooth survival and change in the horizontal clinical attachment level (HCAL). Changes in vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL), reduction of pocket probing depth (PPD), recession increase (REC), horizontal (HBL), and vertical bone level (VBL) were also collected.ResultsThe search identified 1571 studies out of which 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed on 199 patients and 251 FD. Tooth survival was seldom reported. Altogether with inflammatory amelioration, the weighted mean differences were for HCAL 0.96 mm [CI: (0.60, 1.32), p < 0.001], 0.55 mm [CI: (0.00, 1.10), p = 0.05] for VCAL gain. PPD reduction over 6 months was 1.38 mm [CI: (0.91, 1.85), p < 0.01]. Potential risk of bias was identified.ConclusionsTeeth with mandibular class II furcation involvement treated with OFD show significant clinical improvements 6 months after surgery. Nevertheless, in order to better understand the magnitude of these changes and their clinical relevance, prospective long‐term trials are needed.
Connective tissue graft associated or not with low laser therapy to treat gingival recession: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fernandes‐Dias Stephanie B. , de Marco Andrea C. , Santamaria Milton , Kerbauy Warley D. , Jardini Maria A.N. , Santamaria Mauro P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the treatment of gingival recession with a connective tissue graft (CTG) alone or in combination with low‐level laser therapy (CTG + L).MethodsForty patients presenting 40 Miller Class I and II gingival recessions were included. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG (n = 20) or CTG + L (n = 20). A diode laser (660 nm) was applied to the test sites immediately after surgery and every other day for 7 days (eight applications).ResultsThe mean percentage of root coverage was 91.9% for the test group and 89.48% for the control group after 6 months (p > 0.05). The test group presented more complete root coverage (n = 13, 65%) than the control group (n = 7, 35%) (p = 0.04). Dentine sensitivity decreased significantly after 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). The two groups showed improvement in aesthetics at the end of treatment.ConclusionsLow‐level laser therapy may increase the percentage of complete root coverage when associated with CTG.
Haematological parameters do senesce in the wild: evidence from different populations of a long‐lived mammal
Authors: Jégo M. , Lemaître J.‐F. , Bourgoin G. , Capron G. , Warnant C. , Klein F. , Gilot‐Fromont E. , Gaillard J‐M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIncreasing evidence of senescence has been reported from long‐term studies of wild populations. However, most studies have focused on life‐history traits like survival, reproduction or body mass, generally from a single intensively monitored population. However, variation in the intensity of senescence across populations, and to a lesser extent between sexes, is still poorly understood. In addition, the pattern of age‐specific changes in haematological parameters remains virtually unknown to date for any population of vertebrate living in the wild. Using repeated blood samples collected from known‐aged (2–15 years of age) roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two populations facing highly different environmental conditions, we filled the gap. In particular, we investigated age‐specific changes in haematocrit, albumin and creatinine. We reported clear evidence of senescence in all haematological parameters. Moreover, senescence patterns differed between sexes and populations. The rate of senescence was higher in males than in females for haematocrit with no site difference. On the other hand, the rate of senescence in creatinine was higher atTroisFontaines than atChizé with no sex difference. Our findings provide a first demonstration of age‐specific declines in haematological parameters in wild populations of large herbivores and show that the process of senescence in vertebrates is not restricted to body mass or fitness components. We also demonstrate that the senescence pattern of haematological parameters is context dependent and varies both between sexes and according to environmental conditions.
Simplification of vacuole structure during plant cell death triggered by culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora
Authors: Hirakawa Yumi , Nomura Toshihisa , Hasezawa Seiichiro , Higaki Takumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVacuoles are suggested to play crucial roles in plant defense‐related cell death. During programmed cell death, previous live cell imaging studies have observed vacuoles to become simpler in structure and have implicated this simplification as a prelude to the vacuole's rupture and consequent lysis of the plasma membrane. Here, we examined dynamics of the vacuole in cell cycle‐synchronized tobacco BY‐2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2) cells during cell death induced by application of culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora. The filtrate induced death in about 90% of the cells by 24 h. Prior to cell death, vacuole shape simplified and endoplasmic actin filaments disassembled; however, the vacuoles did not rupture until after plasma membrane integrity was lost. Instead of facilitating rupture, the simplification of vacuole structure might play a role in the retrieval of membrane components needed for defense‐related cell death.
Finding of 132, 173‐cyclopheophorbide a enol as a degradation product of chlorophyll in shrunk zooxanthellae of the coral Montipora digitata
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyuki , Casareto Beatriz Estela , Shioi Yuzo , Ishikawa Yoshio , Suzuki Yoshimi 
Published: October 2014

We examined the morphology and pigment composition of zooxanthellae in corals subjected to normal temperature (27°C) and thermal stress (32°C). We observed several normal and abnormal morphological types of zooxanthellar cells. Normal cells were intact and their chloroplasts were unbroken (healthy); abnormal cells were shrunken and had partially degraded or broken chloroplasts, or they were bleached and without chloroplasts. At 27°C, most healthy zooxanthellar cells were retained in the coral tissue, whereas shrunken zooxanthellae were expelled. Under thermal stress, the abundance of healthy zooxanthellae declined and the proportion of shrunken/abnormal cells increased in coral tissues. The rate of algal cell expulsion was reduced under thermal stress. Within the shrunken cells, we detected the presence of a chl‐like pigment that is not ordinarily found in healthy zooxanthellae. Analysis of the absorption spectrum, absorption maxima, and retention time (by HPLC) indicated that this pigment was 132, 173‐cyclopheophorbide a enol (cPPB‐aE), which is frequently found in marine and lacustrine sediments, and in protozoans that graze on phytoplankton. The production of cPPB‐aE in shrunken zooxanthellae suggests that the chls have been degraded to cPPB‐aE, a compound that is not fluorescent. The lack of a fluorescence function precludes the formation of reactive oxygen species. We therefore consider the formation of cPPB‐aE in shrunken zooxanthellae to be a mechanism for avoiding oxidative stress.
What Exactly Is an Unusual Sexual Fantasy?
Authors: Joyal Christian C. , Cossette Amélie , Lapierre Vanessa 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Although several theories and treatment plans use unusual sexual fantasies (SF) as a way to identify deviancy, they seldom describe how the fantasies referred to were determined to be unusual.

Aim
The main goal of this study was to determine which SF are rare, unusual, common, or typical from a statistical point of view among a relatively large sample of adults recruited from the general population. A secondary goal was to provide a statistical comparison of the nature and intensity of sexual fantasies for men and women. This study also aims at demonstrating with both quantitative and qualitative analyses that certain fantasies often considered to be unusual are common.

Methods
An Internet survey was conducted with 1,516 adults (799 ♀; 717 ♂) who ranked 55 different SF and wrote their own favorite SF. Each SF was rated as statistically rare (2.3% or less), unusual (15.9% or less), common (more than 50%), or typical (more than 84.1% of the sample).

Main Outcome Measures
An extended version of the Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire with an open question.

Results
Only two sexual fantasies were found to be rare for women or men, while nine others were unusual. Thirty sexual fantasies were common for one or both genders, and only five were typical. These results were confirmed with qualitative analyses. Submission and domination themes were not only common for both men and women, but they were also significantly related to each other. Moreover, the presence of a single submissive fantasy was a significant predictor of overall scores for all SF in both genders.

Conclusion
Care should be taken before labeling an SF as unusual, let alone deviant. It suggested that the focus should be on the effect of a sexual fantasy rather than its content.
Geographical distribution of Allium oleraceum cytotypes in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Åström Helena , Hæggström Carl‐Adam , Hæggström Eeva 
Published: October 2014

Chromosome numbers from a total number of 226 populations of Allium oleraceum were determined in Finland, Sweden and seven other countries. Two different chromosome numbers or cytotypes were found, tetraploids (2n = 32) and pentaploids (2n = 40).In Finland, samples were collected for chromosome counts from a total of 190 populations, which fairly well covers the distribution area of the species in Finland. The majority of the populations of A. oleraceum in Finland contained only one of the two cytotypes. A clear pattern in the geographical distribution of the cytotypes could be distinguished. The pentaploid cytotype predominates in the Åland Islands and in the archipelago of Regio aboënsis. The tetraploid cytotype predominates on the mainland of the Regio aboënsis and along the coast of the Nylandia. In south Häme, all studied native populations were of the tetraploid cytotype. Of all the studied populations in Finland 43.7% were tetraploid and 51.6% pentaploid. A few mixed populations with both tetraploid and pentaploid plants occurring in the same population were also found (4.7%).The chromosome numbers of 19 populations of A. oleraceum from the southern part of Sweden were pentaploids, with the exception of one tetraploid population. It seems that the pentaploid cytotype is predominant in Sweden, but no conclusions about a geographical pattern between the two cytotypes could be drawn.Based on the occurrence of the cytotypes, it is suggested that the pentaploid cytotype might have spread to Finland from the Swedish east coast via the Åland Islands to Kaland on the Finnish west coast and along the coast of Nyland to the archipelagos of Kotka and Hamina in Karelia australis. The tetraploid populations in south Häme are clearly connected to Iron Age activity and to old inland trade routes, and may be of eastern origin.
The role of two superoxide dismutase mRNAs in rye aluminium tolerance
Authors: Sánchez‐Parra B. , Figueiras A. M. , Abd El‐Moneim D. , Contreras R. , Rouco R. , Gallego F. J. , Benito C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAluminium (Al) is the main factor that limits crop production in acidic soils. There is evidence that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role against Al‐induced oxidative stress in several plant species. Rye is one of the most Al‐tolerant cereals and exudes both citrate and malate from the roots in response to Al. The role of SOD against Al‐induced oxidative stress has not been studied in rye. Al accumulation, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 production and cell death were significantly higher in sensitive than in tolerant rye cultivars. Also, we characterised two genes for rye SOD: ScCu/ZnSOD and ScMnSOD. These genes were located on the chromosome arms of 2RS and 3RL, respectively, and their corresponding hypothetical proteins were putatively classified as cytosolic and mitochondrial, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships indicate that the two rye genes are orthologous to the corresponding genes of other Poaceae species. In addition, we studied Al‐induced changes in the expression profiles of mRNAs from ScCu/ZnSOD and ScMnSOD in the roots and leaves of tolerant Petkus and sensitive Riodeva rye. These genes are mainly expressed in roots in both ryes, their repression being induced by Al. The tolerant cultivar has more of both mRNAs than the sensitive line, indicating that they are probably involved in Al tolerance.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare on phytopathogenic strains isolated from soybean
Authors: Oliva M. de las M. , Carezzano M. E. , Giuliano M. , Daghero J. , Zygadlo J. , Bogino P. , Giordano W. , Demo M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) on phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species isolated from soybean. Strains with characteristics of P. syringae were isolated from leaves of soybean plants with blight symptoms. Ten of these could be identified in Group Ia of LOPAT as P. syringae. Six of these were confirmed as P. syringae using 16S rRNA, indicating the presence of these phytopathogenic bacteria in east and central Argentina. All the phytopathogenic bacteria were re‐isolated and identified from the infected plants. MIC values for thyme were 11.5 and 5.7 mg·ml−1 on P. syringae strains, while oregano showed variability in the inhibitory activity. Both essential oils inhibited all P. syringae strains, with better inhibitory activity than the antibiotic streptomycin. The oils were not bactericidal for all pseudomonads. Both oils contained high carvacrol (29.5% and 19.7%, respectively) and low thymol (1.5%). Natural products obtained from aromatic plants represent potential sources of molecules with biological activity that could be used as new alternatives for the treatment of phytopathogenic bacteria infections.
Monetary Policy and the Diversification–Profitability Linkage in Banking: Evidences from Emerging Market Economies
Authors: Chen Pei‐Fen , Zeng Jhih‐Hong , Lee Chien‐Chiang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn previous studies, the stance of monetary policy is proven to associate with banking profitability or activities. This paper provides empirical evidence aiming at the influence of monetary policy, including stances of expansionary and contractionary monetary policies, on the relationship between banks' income diversification and their profitabilities in emerging market economies. We find the significant evidence that expansionary monetary policies can raise banks' diversification efforts, whereas contractionary monetary policies weaken the efforts of banking diversification, for which our most robustness tests support these findings. There are some relevant implications and suggestions for bank managers and policymakers.
Unnecessary Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury is Harmful for Renal Recovery
Authors: Clark Edward G. , Bagshaw Sean M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently necessary in the face of life‐threatening complications; however, there is wide practice variation with respect to triggers for RRT initiation. Recent evidence suggests that RRT may be independently associated with impaired recovery following AKI. There are plausible mechanistic reasons why RRT may be harmful and this concept is supported by ancillary evidence in the form of studies that have assessed the impact of different modalities of RRT for AKI as well as some of the literature pertaining to initiation of chronic hemodialysis in end‐stage kidney disease patients (ESKD). As such, avoiding unnecessary RRT (URRT) is a desirable goal. There is emerging evidence of strategies that may be effective to help limit URRT. These strategies primarily involve early identification of AKI and limiting iatrogenic harm once AKI is established. Further research into defining and preventing URRT may help improve the consistently poor outcomes following severe AKI with respect to development of chronic kidney disease and ESKD.
The role of the private sector in the provision of antenatal care: a study of Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Powell‐Jackson Timothy , Macleod David , Benova Lenka , Lynch Caroline , Campbell Oona M. R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of the private sector in the provision of antenatal care (ANC) across low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsDemographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 46 countries (representing 2.6 billion people) on components of ANC given to 303 908 women aged 15–49 years for most recent birth were used. We identified 79 unique sources of care which were re‐coded into home, public, private (commercial) and private (not‐for‐profit). Use of ANC and a quality of care index (scaled 0–1) were stratified by type of provider, region and wealth quintile. Linear regressions were used to examine the association between provider type and antenatal quality of care score.ResultsAcross all countries, the main source of ANC was public (54%), followed by private commercial (36%) and home (5%), but there were large variations by region. Home‐based ANC was associated with worse quality of care (0.2; 95% CI −0.2 to −0.19) relative to the public sector, while the private not‐for‐profit sector (0.03; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.04) was better. There were no differences in quality of care between public and private commercial providers.ConclusionsThe market for ANC varies considerably between regions. The two largest sectors – public and private commercial – perform similarly in terms of quality of care. Future research should examine the role of the private sector in other health service domains across multiple countries and test what policies and programmes can encourage private providers to contribute to increased coverage, quality and equity of maternal care.
Influence of high altitude on cerebral blood flow and fuel utilization during exercise and recovery
Authors: Smith K. J. , MacLeod D. , Willie C. K. , Lewis N. C. S. , Hoiland R. L. , Ikeda K. , Tymko M. M. , Donnelly J. , Day T. A. , MacLeod N. , Lucas S. J. E. , Ainslie P. N. 
Published: October 2014

Key points
This study assessed the dynamic response of global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral fuel utilization during and following incremental supine exercise to exhaustion.
Global CBF increased more during exercise and recovery at high altitude (HA) compared with sea level (SL) such that cerebral oxygen delivery () was maintained.
The increase in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen during maximal exercise at HA was half the increase observed at SL.
Arterial lactate production during exercise at the same absolute intensities was greater at HA compared with SL, but reduced at the same relative intensities.
Cerebral carbohydrate uptake (lactate and glucose) is greater than oxygen uptake at HA compared with SL, indicating a shift towards an increased non‐oxidative metabolic utilization.
These results suggest that CBF increases to maintain during exercise at HA while changes in arterial lactate concentration and exercise intensity augment the oxidative and non‐oxidative pathways to cerebral metabolism at HA.
AbstractWe examined the hypotheses that: (1) during incremental exercise and recovery following 4–6 days at high altitude (HA) global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) increases to preserve cerebral oxygen delivery () in excess of that required by an increasing cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (); (2) the trans‐cerebral exchange of oxygen vs. carbohydrates (OCI; carbohydrates = glucose + ½lactate) would be similar during exercise and recovery at HA and sea level (SL). Global CBF, intra‐cranial arterial blood velocities, extra‐cranial blood flows, and arterial–jugular venous substrate differences were measured during progressive steady‐state exercise (20, 40, 60, 80, 100% maximum workload (Wmax)) and through 30 min of recovery. Measurements (n = 8) were made at SL and following partial acclimatization to 5050 m. At HA, absolute Wmax was reduced by ∼50%. During submaximal exercise workloads (20–60% Wmax), despite an elevated absolute gCBF (∼20%, P < 0.05) the relative increases in gCBF were not different at HA and SL. In contrast, gCBF was elevated at HA compared with SL during 80 and 100% Wmax and recovery. Notwithstanding a maintained and elevated absolute at HA compared with SL, the relative increase in was similar during 20–80% Wmax but half that of the SL response (i.e. 17 vs. 27%; P < 0.05 vs. SL) at 100% Wmax. The OCI was reduced at HA compared with SL during 20, 40, and 60% Wmax but comparable at 80 and 100% Wmax. At HA, OCI returned almost immediately to baseline values during recovery, whereas at SL it remained below baseline. In conclusion, the elevations in gCBF during exercise and recovery at HA serve to maintain . Despite adequate at HA the brain appears to increase non‐oxidative metabolism during exercise and recovery.