bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thomas Aquinas and Some Italian Dominicans (Francis of Prato, Georgius Rovegnatinus and Girolamo Savonarola) on Signification and Supposition
Authors: Amerini Fabrizio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Supposition is a controversial logical theory. Scholars have investigated many points of this doctrine such as its historical origin, its use in theology, the logical function of the theory, or the relationship between supposition and signification. In the article I focus on this latter aspect by discussing how some Italian, and in particular Florentine, Dominican followers of Aquinas—Francis of Prato (d. 1348), Girolamo Savonarola (d. 1498), and Georgius Rovegnatinus (d. after 1500)—explained the relation between the linguistic terms’ properties of signifying and suppositing, and hence the division of supposition. After sketching out Thomas Aquinas, Hervaeus Natalis, and William of Ockham’s positions on the relationship between signification and supposition, I closely examine Francis’s criticism of Ockham. Francis follows Walter Burley’s account of supposition and considers the statement that a term has simple supposition when (i) it is taken not significatively and (ii) stands for an intention of mind as the weak point of Ockham’s explanation of supposition. According to Francis, if this were the case, there would be no semantic basis for differentiating simple from material supposition. Francis is however hesitant about the full subordination of supposition to signification, especially with regards to material supposition, when a term, suppositing for itself, is taken to signify itself besides its meaning. More than one hundred years later, Girolamo Savonarola and Georgius Rovegnatinus have no doubt about the fact that terms may supposit only for what they signify.
Early Supposition Theory II
Authors: Ebbesen Sten 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In 1981 I published an article called Early Supposition Theory. Then as now, the magisterial work on the subject was L.M. de Rijk’s Logica Modernorum and then as now any discussion of the topic would have to rely to a great extent on the texts published there. This means that many of the problems that existed then still remain, but a couple of important new studies and several new texts have been published in the meantime, so it may be time to try to take stock of the situation. I will first look at the origin of the term suppositio and then at the chronology of our source texts.
The impact of detritus accumulation on the performance of siphonic rainwater outlets
Authors: Jack LB , Beattie RK 
Published: June 2013

This paper presents the findings of an 18-month study of detritus accumulation at two siphonic rainwater drainage systems installed in a building in Edinburgh. Findings are based on an analysis of data recorded from the site, and are positioned within the context of enhancing representation of the outlet loss coefficient used within both steady-state design calculations and finite-difference-based unsteady flow modelling techniques. The scope of findings reported herein is extensive but, in the main, shows how detritus accumulation not only builds relatively rapidly but also that ‘wash-through’ or ‘displacement’ occurs. Further, data suggest that detritus accumulation in the gutter, that is either wind-blown or is introduced from roof runoff, can, and does, build around the outlet with only relatively low intensity rainfall but that high-intensity rainfall events do seem to result in a direct and significant increase in blockage. An indication of the impact upon performance, assessed using simulation software, is also presented. Practical application: This paper reports patterns of detritus accumulation at on-site siphonic rainwater outlets. Changes in detritus ‘categories’ are mapped to corresponding weather data and conclusions drawn on influencing factors. The paper therefore yields key information for building owners/operators on the extent of detritus accumulation at siphonic system outlets. Outcomes also inform designers of the potential shift in loss coefficient and flow performance post-installation.
Gender, sexual orientation, and romantic partner influence on body image
Authors: Markey Charlotte N. , Markey Patrick M. 
Published: June 2013

Although social influences are implicated in the development of body image, research has yet to address the roles of women’s sexual orientation and romantic partners’ weight statuses in predicting women’s body image. This study examines both heterosexual ( n = 104) and lesbian ( n = 144) women and their partners’ body mass indexes and body image using actor–partner interdependence models. The results indicated that lesbian women preferred larger body ideals than heterosexual women and that women’s ideal body preferences were not related to their partners’ weight status. However, both lesbian and heterosexual women’s perceptions of their actual body size were related to their partners’ weight status such that heavier women who had relatively thin partners were most at risk of perceiving themselves as overweight.
Comparison of pyogenic liver abscesses caused by hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae and non-Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogens in Beijing: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Yan Yan , Xue Xinying , Wang Kaifei , Shen Dingxia 
Published: June 2013

Objective To perform a retrospective comparison of the clinical and radiological features of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP)-associated and non-KP-associated pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) in Chinese patients. Methods Patients with confirmed diagnoses of bacterial liver abscess at three Beijing hospitals were enrolled. Clinical isolates from liver abscesses were used to determine serology and expression of hypermucoviscosity genes. Basic clinical, ultrasonographic (US) and computed tomography (CT) data were recorded and compared between patients with KP- and non-KP-associated PLA. Results A total of 101 (77.10%) and 30 (22.90%) cases were due to KP and non-KP pathogens, respectively. Compared with the non-KP cohort, the KP cohort demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of underlying diabetes mellitus, and more gas-forming abscesses, as demonstrated by US and CT examinations. Prior abdominal surgery or chemoradiation therapy was significantly associated with non-KP cases. The non-KP group had a higher chance of a clear edge, compared with the KP group, on pre-contrast CT images. Conclusion KP and non-KP-associated PLA have distinctive risk factors and unique US and CT features, in Chinese patients.
Philosophy and Art: Changing Landscapes for Aesthetics
Authors: Carter Curtis L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPart I of this essay will examine how the interplay between philosophy and art over the past century is reflected in the aesthetic theories of four leading Twentieth century aestheticians: Walter Benjamin, Merleau-Ponty, Gilles Deleuze, Arthur Danto. The philosophers’ theories are linked to the developments in art most directly related to their respective approaches to problems in aesthetics. Part II will explore selected non-philosophical social and technological developments that are in the process of altering the course of contemporary art today. Among these are globalization, the art market, social/political issues, popular culture, virtual reality, and new manifestations of the avant-garde. Key factors that warrant consideration for future developments in aesthetics are identified in the hope that today’s and future aestheticians will begin to consider what changes are required in aesthetics to address these new developments in art.
10 Years after Baby-Friendly Designation
Authors: Parker Margaret , Burnham Laura , Cook John , Sanchez Emily , Philipp Barbara L. , Merewood Anne 
Published: June 2013

Background: Mothers of preterm and sick infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often encounter more difficulties with breastfeeding than mothers of healthy term newborns. The extent to which Baby-Friendly designation is associated with breastfeeding rates for NICU infants over time is unknown. Objective: This study aimed to determine the rate of breastfeeding initiation and continuation in a US, inner-city, level 3 NICU 10 years after Baby-Friendly designation. Methods: We compared the rate of breastfeeding initiation and continuation among breastfeeding-eligible mothers with infants admitted to the Boston Medical Center NICU in 1999 and 2009, using chi-square tests. Results: Breastfeeding initiation increased from 74% in 1999 to 85% in 2009 ( P = .04). Any breast milk at 2 weeks of age increased from 66% to 80% ( P = .05), and exclusive breastfeeding at 2 weeks remained stable between 1999 and 2009. Breastfeeding initiation increased from 68% to 86% among black mothers from 1999 to 2009 ( P = .01). Conclusion: Improvement in breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding at 2 weeks of age continued 10 years after Baby-Friendly designation among mothers with NICU infants in a US, inner-city, level 3 NICU.
Correlation of AO and Lauge-Hansen Classification Systems for Ankle Fractures to the Mechanism of Injury
Authors: Rodriguez Edward K. , Kwon John Y. , Herder Lindsay M. , Appleton Paul T. 
Published: June 2013

Background: Our aim was to assess whether the Lauge-Hansen (LH) and the Muller AO classification systems for ankle fractures radiographically correlate with in vivo injuries based on observed mechanism of injury. Methods: Videos of potential study candidates were reviewed on YouTube.com . Individuals were recruited for participation if the video could be classified by injury mechanism with a high likelihood of sustaining an ankle fracture. Corresponding injury radiographs were obtained. Injury mechanism was classified using the LH system as supination/external rotation (SER), supination/adduction (SAD), pronation/external rotation (PER), or pronation/abduction (PAB). Corresponding radiographs were classified by the LH system and the AO system. Results: Thirty injury videos with their corresponding radiographs were collected. Of the video clips reviewed, 16 had SAD mechanisms and 14 had PER mechanisms. There were 26 ankle fractures, 3 nonfractures, and 1 subtalar dislocation. Twelve fractures with SAD mechanisms had corresponding SAD fracture patterns. Five PER mechanisms had PER fracture patterns. Eight PER mechanisms had SER fracture patterns and 1 had SAD fracture pattern. When the AO classification was used, all 12 SAD type injuries had a 44A type fracture, whereas the 14 PER injuries resulted in nine 44B fractures, two 44C fractures, and three 43A fractures. Conclusion: When injury video clips of ankle fractures were matched to their corresponding radiographs, the LH system was 65% (17/26) consistent in predicting fracture patterns from the deforming injury mechanism. When the AO classification system was used, consistency was 81% (21/26). The AO classification, despite its development as a purely radiographic system, correlated with in vivo injuries, as based on observed mechanism of injury, more closely than did the LH system. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
The use of individually wrapped presterilized small orthopaedic implants increase operating time: a prospective experimental study
Authors: Khan Yasmeen , Tokarczyk Szymon , Khan Imran , Eleftheriou Kyriacos , Pearce Christopher 
Published: June 2013

Objective There have been concerns about the potential increases in operating time associated with the use of individually wrapped presterilized small orthopaedic implants compared with our traditional method of screw banks. We set out to quantify this theory. Design Prospective experimental study. Setting Theatre. Participants Orthopaedic Surgical Trainees and Theatre Scrub team. Main outcome measure The time taken to complete the operation. Results The use of prepacked and sterilized implants added 2 min 56 s to the use of a bank with a full complement of normal screws that required tapping and 3 min 58 s if self-tapping screws were used ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Using individually wrapped presterilized small orthopaedic implants increases operating time.
Job Perception of Counselors Employed at Integrated Counseling and Testing Centers for HIV in a District of South India
Authors: Papanna Mohan K. , Kumar Pawan , Shetty Avinash , Kulothungan Karthikayan , Poojary Indira B. , Ballala Kirthinath 
Published: June 2013

Background: The counselors’ form the backbone of HIV/AIDS control program, and for voluntary counseling and testing services to be effective counselors’ opinions are crucial. Purpose: To assess the perceptions of integrated counseling and testing center (ICTC) counselors with respect to the training received, problems faced in providing services, and job satisfaction. Methods: Qualitative methods such as 1 focus group discussion and 7 in-depth interviews were conducted among 14 counselors employed at 13 ICTCs in a costal district of south India. Results: The counselors identified the need for improving refresher training; job perception and satisfaction among counselors was found to be poor; issues such as shared confidentiality and targets for counseling were perceived to affect the ICTC services. Conclusion: The issues identified by counselors such as problems related to refresher training, targets set for counseling and testing, the pay scale and shared confidentiality should be addressed for better service delivery.
Sensitive and specific detection of mosaic chromosomal abnormalities using the Parent-of-Origin-based Detection (POD) method
Authors: Baugher Joseph D , Baugher Benjamin D , Shirley Matthew D , Pevsner Jonathan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Mosaic somatic alterations are present in all multi-cellular organisms, but the physiological effects of low-level mosaicism are largely unknown. Most mosaic alterations remain undetectable with current analytical approaches, although the presence of such alterations is increasingly implicated as causative for disease.

Results
Here, we present the Parent-of-Origin-based Detection (POD) method for chromosomal abnormality detection in trio-based SNP microarray data. Our software implementation, triPOD, was benchmarked using a simulated dataset, outperformed comparable software for sensitivity of abnormality detection, and displayed substantial improvement in the detection of low-level mosaicism while maintaining comparable specificity. Examples of low-level mosaic abnormalities from a large autism dataset demonstrate the benefits of the increased sensitivity provided by triPOD. The triPOD analyses showed robustness across multiple types of Illumina microarray chips. Two large, clinically-relevant datasets were characterized and compared.

Conclusions
Our method and software provide a significant advancement in the ability to detect low-level mosaic abnormalities, thereby opening new avenues for research into the implications of mosaicism in pathogenic and non-pathogenic processes.
The effects of dementia care mapping on nursing home residents’ quality of life and staff attitudes: design of the quasi-experimental study Leben-QD II
Authors: Halek Margareta , Dichter Martin Nikolaus , Quasdorf Tina , Riesner Christine , Bartholomeyczik Sabine 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The main objective of care for people with dementia is the maintenance and promotion of quality of life (Qol). Most of the residents in nursing homes have challenging behaviors that strongly affect their Qol. Person-centered care (PCC) is an approach that aims to achieve the best possible Qol and to reduce challenging behaviors. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is a method of implementing PCC that has been used in Germany for several years. However, there are no data on the effectiveness of DCM or the challenges of implementation of DCM in German nursing homes.

Methods/design
In this quasi-experimental non-randomized cluster-controlled study, the effects of DCM will be compared to 2 comparison groups. 9 nursing homes will take part: 3 will implement DCM, 3 will implement a comparison intervention using an alternative Qol assessment, and 3 have already implemented DCM. The main effect outcomes are Qol, challenging behaviors, staff attitudes toward dementia, job satisfaction and burnout of caregivers. These outcomes will be measured on 3 data points. Different quantitative and qualitative data sources will be collected through the course of the study to investigate the degree of implementation as well as facilitators of and barriers to the implementation process.

Discussion
This study will provide new information about the effectiveness of DCM and the implementation process of DCM in German nursing homes. The study results will provide important information to guide the national discussion about the improvement of dementia-specific Qol, quality of care in nursing homes and allocation of resources. In addition, the study results will provide information for decision-making and implementation of complex psychosocial interventions such as DCM. The findings will also be important for the design of a subsequent randomized controlled trial (e.g. appropriateness of outcomes and measurements, inclusion criteria for participating nursing homes) and the development of a successful implementation strategy.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43916381.
Establishment and application of real-time quantitative PCR for diagnosing invasive Aspergillosis via the blood in hematological patients: targeting a specific sequence of Aspergillus 28S-ITS2
Authors: Li Yan , Gao Li , Ding Yi , Xu Yuanyuan , Zhou Minhang , Huang Wenrong , Jing Yu , Li Honghua , Wang Lili , Yu Li 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. This study was conducted to identify a desirable target DNA sequence for the diagnosis of aspergillosis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted fromAspergillus,Candida, and bacteria species, and qPCR was applied to validate a partial ribosomal DNA 28S-ITS2 sequence. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated blood samples were collected from 72 febrile hematological patients, while total DNA was isolated from plasma and whole blood for theAspergillusqPCR. The results were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. All cases were evaluated using the revised European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) diagnostic criteria.ResultsUse of qPCR yielded positive results for 15Aspergillusspecies but negative results forCandidaspecies, bacterial strains, and human DNA. The limit of detection was one copy per microliter of DNA. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were six copies of DNA and 100%, respectively. The standard curve showed that qPCR was reliable forAspergillusdetection and that significantly more DNA copies were obtained from whole blood than from plasma (P< 0.001). At a cut-off value ≥ 25 copies/μL, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for IA using 28S-ITS2 qPCR were 90.9% and 73.4%, respectively.ConclusionsThe use of qPCR with whole blood to detect and verify the 28S-ITS2 sequence is a specific and useful way to diagnose IA.
Expression and efficient secretion of a functional chitinase from Chromobacterium violaceum in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lobo Marina Duarte Pinto , Silva Fredy Davi Albuquerque , Landim Patrícia Gadelha de Castro , da Cruz Paloma Ribeiro , de Brito Thaís Lima , de Medeiros Suelen Carneiro , Oliveira José Tadeu Abreu , Vasconcelos Ilka Maria , Pereira Humberto D’Muniz , Grangeiro Thalles Barbosa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundChromobacterium violaceumis a free-living β-proteobacterium found in tropical and subtropical regions. The genomic sequencing ofC.violaceumATCC 12472 has revealed many genes that underpin its adaptability to diverse ecosystems. Moreover,C.violaceumgenes with potential applications in industry, medicine and agriculture have also been identified, such as those encoding chitinases. However, none of the chitinase genes of the ATCC 12472 strain have been subjected to experimental validation. Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) hydrolyze the β-(1,4) linkages in chitin, an abundant biopolymer found in arthropods, mollusks and fungi. These enzymes are of great biotechnological interest as potential biocontrol agents against pests and pathogens. This work aimed to experimentally validate one of the chitinases fromC.violaceum.ResultsThe open reading frame (ORF) CV2935 ofC.violaceumATCC 12472 encodes a protein (439 residues) that is composed of a signal peptide, a chitin-binding domain, a linker region, and a C-terminal catalytic domain belonging to family 18 of the glycoside hydrolases. The ORF was amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET303/CT-His. High levels of chitinolytic activity were detected in the cell-free culture supernatant ofE.coliBL21(DE3) cells harboring the recombinant plasmid and induced with IPTG. The secreted recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin matrix and showed an apparent molecular mass of 43.8 kDa, as estimated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. N-terminal sequencing confirmed the proper removal of the native signal peptide during the secretion of the recombinant product. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze colloidal chitin and the synthetic substratesp-nitrophenyl-β-D-N,N’-diacetylchitobiose andp-nitrophenyl-β-D-N,N’,N”-triacetylchitotriose. The optimum pH for its activity was 5.0, and the enzyme retained ~32% of its activity when heated to 60°C for 30 min.ConclusionsAC.violaceumchitinase was expressed inE.coliand purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin matrix. The secretion of the recombinant protein into the culture medium was directed by its native signal peptide. The mature enzyme was able to hydrolyze colloidal chitin and synthetic substrates. This newly identified signal peptide is a promising secretion factor that should be further investigated in future studies, aiming to demonstrate its usefulness as an alternative tool for the extracellular production of recombinant proteins inE.coli.
Apigenin promotes apoptosis, inhibits invasion and induces cell cycle arrest of T24 human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Yi , Mao Yeqing , Chen Hong , Lin Yiwei , Hu Zhenghui , Wu Jian , Xu Xin , Xu Xianglai , Qin Jie , Xie Liping 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Apigenin (4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) was recently shown effective in inhibiting several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of apigenin in the human bladder cancer cell line T24 for the first time.

Methods
T24 cells were treated with varying concentrations and time of apigenin. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell motility and invasiveness were assayed by Matrigel migration and invasion assay. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to detect cell apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling pathway.

Results
The results demonstrated that apigenin suppressed proliferation and inhibited the migration and invasion potential of T24 bladder cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was associated with induced G2/M Phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism of action is like to involve PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins. Apigenin increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage, indicating that apigenin induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent way.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that apigenin may be an effective way for treating human bladder cancer.