bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious harassment in the workplace: An examination of observer intervention
Authors: Ghumman Sonia , Ryan Ann Marie , Park Jin Suk 
Published: August 2015

SummaryReligious harassment claims in the United States have risen sharply over the past decade. However, victims of religious harassment may not always report harassment, and true rates may be higher. Hence, actions taken by third parties present (observers) are important in combating harassment in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to extend a previous model of observer intervention and related research by testing it empirically in the context of religious harassment and identify factors that influence observers' decision to intervene (intervention), when they intervene (level of immediacy), and how much they intervene (level of involvement). Across two studies, we find evidence that verbal harassment, ambiguity of intent, relationship to target/harasser, recurrence belief, religious commitment, pro‐social orientation, and the interactive effect of shared religion and religious commitment predict intervention. Furthermore, individuals show higher levels of involvement and immediacy in intervention when costs are low and emotional reactions are high. Implications of these findings for engaging observers in combatting harassment are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent controls of orthogonally polarized transmitted waves using a Huygens metasurface
Authors: Jia Sheng Li , Wan Xiang , Bao Di , Zhao Yong Jiu , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn ultrathin Huygens metasurface is proposed to manipulate orthogonally polarized transmitted waves independently. The Huygens metasurface consists of two layers of dielectric substrates and three layers of artificial metallic structures with ultrathin electric thickness. In physics, two orthogonal electric dipoles and two orthogonal magnetic dipoles are supported by each unit cell of the metasurface, which enable the complete control of phase distributions in both vertical and horizontal directions. Based on this feature, a polarization beam splitter with large splitting angle is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the capability and flexibility of the proposed Huygens metasurface. The numerical simulations and measurement results have a good match, indicating the good performance on independent controls of orthogonally polarized transmitted waves.
image
Preliminary Evidence for the Neurophysiologic Effects of Online Coupons: Changes in Oxytocin, Stress, and Mood
Authors: Alexander Veronika , Tripp Sophie , Zak Paul J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCoupon use saved consumers $2.9 billion on packaged goods in 2012 with over 90 million Americans using online coupons. Besides saving money, why is coupon use so widespread? An experiment was run where participants (N = 90) shopped online and one‐half received a coupon worth $10. It was found that those who received a coupon had a 14% increase in oxytocin (OT), an 8% decrease in the stress hormone adrenocorticotropin, a 4% decrease in heart rate (HR), a 27% decrease in respiration, a 4% decrease in skin conductance levels, and a 90% increase in high‐frequency HR variability. These factors showed almost no change for those who did not receive a coupon. The findings indicate that coupons elicit physiological reactions similar to having a positive social interaction. In addition, self‐reported happiness correlated with the change in OT (r = 0.43). These findings provide new insights into why online coupon use is so pervasive.
Twenty‐year follow‐up of newborn screening for patients with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Chung Jeffrey , Smith Andrea L. , Hughes Sarah C. , Niizawa Gabriela , Abdel‐Hamid Hoda Z. , Naylor Edwin W. , Hughes Timothy , Clemens Paula R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionAn opt‐out newborn screening (NBS) program for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) was implemented at 2 hospitals in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, between 1987 and 1995.MethodsFor patients and their parents in families who received a diagnosis of DMD or BMD, either by NBS or by traditional diagnostics after symptom onset, attitudes toward NBS for DMD and BMD were assessed.ResultsAll patients and most parents supported NBS for DMD and BMD. In contrast to the NBS parent cohort, the non‐NBS cohort felt that diagnosis by NBS would cause anxiety.ConclusionsThere was strong support of NBS for DMD and BMD in both patients and their parents in families who received a diagnosis through NBS or through traditional diagnostics. No negative psychosocial impacts of NBS were identified among those families who received a diagnosis through NBS. Muscle Nerve 53: 570–578, 2016
Isotope‐labeled differential profiling of metabolites using N‐benzoyloxysuccinimide derivatization coupled to liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wagner Michel , Ohlund Leanne B. , Shiao Tze Chieh , Vézina Amélie , Annabi Borhane , Roy René , Sleno Lekha 
Published: August 2015

RationaleAn isotopic labeling strategy based on derivatizing amine‐containing metabolites has been developed using light (12C6) and heavy (13C6) N‐benzoyloxysuccinimide reagents for semi‐targeted metabolomic applications.MethodsDifferentially labeled samples were combined and analyzed simultaneously by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HR‐MS/MS) to compare relative amounts of amine‐containing metabolites. The selectivity of the reaction was determined with model metabolites and was shown to also be applicable to thiol and phenol moieties. The potential for relative quantitation was evaluated in cell extracts and the method was then applied to quantify metabolic perturbations occurring in human cultured cells under normal vs. oxidative stress conditions.ResultsA total of 279 derivatized features were detected in HL60 cell extracts, 77 of which yielded significant concentration changes upon oxidative stress treatment. Based on accurate mass measurements and MS/MS spectral matching with reference standard solutions, 10 metabolites were clearly identified. Derivatized compounds were found to have diagnostic fragment ions from the reagent itself, as well as structurally informative ions useful for metabolite identification.ConclusionsThis simple derivatization reaction can be applied to the relative quantitation of amine‐, thiol‐ and phenol‐containing compounds, with improved sensitivity and chromatographic peak shapes due to the increased hydrophobicity of polar metabolites not readily amenable to reversed‐phase LC/MS analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher net change of index of hemoglobin values between colon polyp and nonpolyp mucosa correlates with the presence of an advanced colon adenoma
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chun , Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Chen Po‐Jun , Kang Jui‐Wen , Yang Er‐Hsiang , Sheu Bor‐Shyang , Chen Wei‐Ying 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe index of hemoglobin (IHb) has not been applied in colonoscopy to correlate the histological features of colon polyps. This study tested whether the net change of IHb values between polyp and normal mucosa correlates with the pathological features of colon polyps.Patients and methodsThis study consecutively enrolled patients who underwent colonoscopy during September 2011–August 2012 in a single tertiary referral colorectal unit. Endoscopic pictures and IHb values of each part of the colon were taken at the levels of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The net change of IHb values was calculated as follows: IHb value of colon polyp minus that of the surrounding mucosa.ResultsA total of 117 patients (32 with hyperplastic polyp, 5 with sessile serrated adenoma, 53 with tubular adenoma, 10 with villotubular adenoma, and 3 with adenocarcinoma) were recruited. The net change of IHb values increased in following order: hyperplastic polyp, tubular adenoma, sessile serrated adenoma, villotubular adenoma, and adenocarcinoma (−3.8 ± 6.3, −1.2 ± 1.7, −1.2 ± 5.7, 2.9 ± 8.1, and 12.7 ± 9.3, respectively; p < 0.001). Alcohol drinking and serum hemoglobin level were two independent factors related to the IHb values of non‐polyp colon mucosa. Using a cutoff value of 2.4 for the net change of IHb values, selected based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal sensitivity (52.9%) and specificity (75.6%) could be achieved for defining the polyp histology as an advanced colon lesion.ConclusionThe net change of IHb values between colon polyp and nonpolyp mucosa can correlate with the pathological features of colon polyps. A positive net change of IHb values may indicate a more adverse histological pattern with a higher malignant potential.
Betaine alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation via enhancing hepatic lipid export and fatty acid oxidation in rats fed with a high-fat diet - CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Xu Li , Huang Danping , Hu Qiaoling , Wu Jing , Wang Yizhen , Feng Jie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the abstract, these sentences (page 1, line 5) should be: ‘Additionally, hepatic betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase concentration as well as its mRNA abundance and lecithin level were found increased (P<0·05) by betaine supplementation in both basal diet-fed rats and high-fat diet-fed rats. Betaine administration in high-fat diet-fed rats exhibited a higher (P<0·05) concentration of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) comparedwith high-fat diet-fed rats.’
INDUCED ABORTIONS IN PAKISTAN: EXPOSITIONS, DESTINATIONS AND REPERCUSSIONS. A QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY IN RAWALPINDI DISTRICT
Authors: Naveed Zaeema , Shaikh Babar Tasneem , Nawaz Muhammad Asif 
Published: August 2015

SummaryOver 2 million abortions occur annually in Pakistan, mostly in a clandestine and unsafe environment. This is an area of grave concern for the reproductive health of women. A dearth of credible data and incomplete information make the problem more difficult to address. This qualitative study was conducted in semi-urban settings in Pakistan to record perceptions and practices concerning care seeking, experiences and outcomes regarding induced abortions and post-abortion care services. Women who had had induced abortions and abortion service providers were interviewed. Unwanted pregnancies and poverty were found to be the main reasons for seeking an abortion. Moreover, the unwanted pregnancies occurred due to low use of contraceptives, mainly due to a fear or past experience of their side-effects, unfamiliarity with correct usage and perceived inefficacy of the methods, especially condoms. There is an obvious need for practical and innovative interventions to address unmet need for birth spacing through improved access to contraceptives. Contraceptive providers should be provided with up-to-date and detailed training in family planning counselling, and perhaps allowed unrestricted provision of contraceptives. As a long-term measure, improvement in access to education and formal schooling could increase young girls’ and women’s knowledge of the benefits of family planning and the risks of unsafe abortion practices. Males must be involved in all the initiatives so that both partners are in agreement on correct and consistent contraceptive use.
Changes and stability of a Mediterranean hard bottom benthic community over 25 years
Authors: Bertolino Marco , Betti Federico , Bo Marzia , Cattaneo-Vietti Riccardo , Pansini Maurizio , Romero Jeniffer , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: August 2015

During the last decades, the Mediterranean shallow-water benthic communities have experienced significant changes in taxa composition and distribution. These variations were related to a complex set of anthropogenic stressors as well as to mass mortality events starting from 1999 and related to the current climatic changes. To evaluate the effect of these changes on long-living species with a limited larval dispersal capacity, a quantitative and qualitative monitoring of the shallow-water hard bottom community structure was performed over a pluri-decennial interval of time. The aim of this work was the comparison of the quali-quantitative occurrence and seasonal cycles of several benthic taxa living on a rocky cliff of the Portofino Promontory (eastern Liguria, Mediterranean Sea), from 15 to 20 m depth. The studied community, within a Lithophyllo–Halimedetum tunae association, was analysed by sets of photographs repeated, exactly in the same site, at 25 years of distance (1987/88 and 2012/13). The results suggest that the macroalgal coverage of the surveyed cliff suffered, during the monitored span of time, a significant depletion in quali-quantitative terms, while the overall sponge coverage remained almost unvaried. Nevertheless, a discrete analysis of the most common sponge species present in the study area showed significant variations, with some taxa now more abundant (Axinella spp. and Agelas oroides), some virtually stable (Cliona viridis and the complex of red encrusting sponges), and others drastically depleted (Chondrosia reniformis, Phorbas tenacior, Acanthella acuta, Ircinia spp., Dysidea avara and Petrosia ficiformis). Finally, some sponge species showed clear seasonal cycles indicating recruitment periods and post-recruit mortalities.
Nebulized racemic epinephrine used in the treatment of severe asthmatic exacerbation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wiebe Kristopher , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAcute asthma is a common emergency department (ED) problem that is typically treated with bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories. Nebulized selective, short-acting β-agonists, such as salbutamol, are the bronchodilators of choice in most Canadian EDs. Other important treatments in moderate-to-severe cases include systemic corticosteroids and in severe cases may include the addition of ipratropium bromide and magnesium sulfate. Despite aggressive management, some patients do not respond adequately to nebulized salbutamol. Treatment options in these patients are limited to interventions such as parenteral epinephrine, and non-invasive and mechanical ventilation (or both). Both parenteral epinephrine and mechanical ventilation have associated risks, so alternative treatments with a lower risk profile would be useful for the treatment of life-threatening asthma. The following case report describes a patient in whom nebulized racemic epinephrine was used successfully to treat severe acute asthma following failure of standard first-line therapies.
A Series on the Edge: Social Tension inStar Trek's Title Cue
Authors: GETMAN JESSICA L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe original series ofStar Trek(1966–69) documents the social tensions of the late 1960s, responding positively, on the one hand, to the progressive political and social movements of the Civil Rights era by supporting racial and gender equality, but resisting its own efforts on the other, remaining faithful to conservative power structures. As the representative musical statement of the series,Star Trek'stitle cue embodies and expresses this paradox. Using audio-visual analysis, as well as sketch scores, interviews, and correspondence from the archives of the series’ composers and producers, this article analyzes the cue's compositional history, its musical codes, its narrative structure, and its use as framing, referential, and leitmotivic material within the series’ underscore in order to demonstrate the ways in which it communicatesStar Trek'sconflicting ideologies.
Deciphering the bat virome catalog to better understand the ecological diversity of bat viruses and the bat origin of emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Yang Li , Ren Xianwen , He Guimei , Zhang Junpeng , Yang Jian , Qian Zhaohui , Dong Jie , Sun Lilian , Zhu Yafang , Du Jiang , Yang Fan , Zhang Shuyi , Jin Qi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that ~60%–80% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in humans originated from wild life. Bats are natural reservoirs of a large variety of viruses, including many important zoonotic viruses that cause severe diseases in humans and domestic animals. However, the understanding of the viral population and the ecological diversity residing in bat populations is unclear, which complicates the determination of the origins of certain EIDs. Here, using bats as a typical wildlife reservoir model, virome analysis was conducted based on pharyngeal and anal swab samples of 4440 bat individuals of 40 major bat species throughout China. The purpose of this study was to survey the ecological and biological diversities of viruses residing in these bat species, to investigate the presence of potential bat-borne zoonotic viruses and to evaluate the impacts of these viruses on public health. The data obtained in this study revealed an overview of the viral community present in these bat samples. Many novel bat viruses were reported for the first time and some bat viruses closely related to known human or animal pathogens were identified. This genetic evidence provides new clues in the search for the origin or evolution pattern of certain viruses, such as coronaviruses and noroviruses. These data offer meaningful ecological information for predicting and tracing wildlife-originated EIDs.
Lattice Distortion in In3SbTe2 Phase Change Material with Substitutional Bi
Authors: Choi Minho , Choi Heechae , Kim Seungchul , Ahn Jinho , Tae Kim Yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSb atoms in In3SbTe2 (IST) are partially substituted by 3.2–5.5 at.% of Bi atoms. As a result, the NaCl crystal structure of IST is slightly distorted. The distorted inter-planar angles observed with fast Fourier transformation of the lattice images are within the maximum range of interplanar angles calculated by density functional theory. When the Bi content is increased, the crystallization temperature becomes relatively lower than that of IST, the activation energy decreases from 5.29 to 2.61 eV and the specific heat and melting point are obviously reduced. Consequently, phase change random access memory (PRAM) fabricated with Bi-doped IST (Bi-IST) can operate with lower power consumption than pure IST PRAM. The set and reset speeds of PRAM cells fabricated with Bi-IST are both 100 ns with 5.5 at.% Bi, which are obviously faster than the switching speeds of PRAM cells fabricated with IST and Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). These experimental results reveal that the switching speed is closely related with the thermal properties of the distorted lattice structure.
Subcellular and Dynamic Coordination between Src Activity and Cell Protrusion in Microenvironment
Authors: Zhuo Yue , Qian Tongcheng , Wu Yiqian , Seong Jihye , Gong Ya , Ma Hongwei , Wang Yingxiao , Lu Shaoying 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMigration of endothelial cells is essential for wound healing and angiogenesis. Src kinase activity plays important roles at the protrusions of migrating endothelial cells. However, the spatiotemporal coordination between Src kinase activity and the protrusion of cell edge remains unclear. Therefore, we investigate these coordinated molecular events at the initiation of cell migration, by integrating microfabrication, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and automated computational image analysis. We demonstrate that the physical release of restrictive micropattern triggered a significant decrease of Src activity at the protrusive edge of endothelial cells. Computational cross-correlation analysis reveals that the decrease of Src activity occurred earlier in time and was well-coordinated with the protrusion of cell edge in polarized cells, but not in non-polarized cells. These results suggest that the spatiotemporal control of Src kinase activity is well-coordinated with cell polarization and protrusion in endothelial cells upon the release of physical constraint, as that experienced by endothelial cells sprouting from stiff tumor micro-environment during angiogenesis. Therefore, our integrative approach enabled the discovery of a new model where Src is de-activated in coordination with membrane protrusion, providing important insights into the regulation of endothelial migration and angiogenesis.
miR-744 enhances type I interferon signaling pathway by targeting PTP1B in primary human renal mesangial cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Han Xiao , Tang Yuanjia , Wu Yanfang , Qu Bo , Shen Nan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRenal mesangial cells (RMCs) constitute a population of cells in glomerular mesangium. Inflammatory cytokines produced by RMCs play a vital role in renal inflammation. miRNAs are key regulators of inflammatory cytokine expression. The abnormal expression of renal miRNAs and the consequent changes in inflammatory signal transduction are closely associated with renal inflammation. However, our knowledge of the functions of renal miRNAs is still limited. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-744 in type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway in primary human RMCs. We show that overexpression of miR-744 enhances IFN-induced CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10 and IL6 expression specifically in RMCs. We found that the activation of TYK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was significantly enhanced by miR-744. miR-744 also enhanced the activation of non-classical signal components, such as ERK and p38. We then identified PTP1B, a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase, as the target of miR-744 that is responsible for enhancing type I IFN response. Finally, miR-744 expression was induced by type I IFN in RMCs. Collectively, our data indicate that by targeting PTP1B, miR-744 plays a feed-forward role in regulating type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings give us new insights into the functions of renal miRNAs in regulating important signaling pathways.
The Association between Pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus and Pressure Ulcers in Patients Following Surgery: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Zhou-Qing , Zhai Xiao-Jie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUncertainty exists about the role of diabetes in the development of surgery-related pressure ulcers. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus and pressure ulcers among patients after surgery. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Thirteen eligible studies of 2367 patients in total and 12053 controls were included in the final analysis. Compared with patients without diabetes, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of the incidence of pressure ulcers in diabetic patients was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40–2.15, I2 = 51.1%]. Estimates by type of surgery suggested similar results in cardiac surgery [OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.42–2.82, I2 = 0%], in general surgery [OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.42–2.15, I2 = 0%] and in major lower limb amputations [OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.01–2.68, I2 = 0%] for diabetic patients versus non-diabetic controls. We did not find an increased incidence of pressure ulcers in diabetic patients undergoing hip surgery compared with non-diabetic controls [OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.62–3.47, I2 = 93.1%]. The excess risk of pressure ulcers associated with pre-existing diabetes was significantly higher in patients undergoing surgery, specifically in patients receiving cardiac surgery. Further studies should be conducted to examine these associations in other types of surgery.