bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superbenzene–Porphyrin Conjugates
Authors: Lungerich Dominik , Hitzenberger Jakob F. , Marcia Mario , Hampel Frank , Drewello Thomas , Jux Norbert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA free‐base porphyrin carrying two hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituents in a trans arrangement and its zinc complex have been prepared. The compounds were characterized extensively and found to form tricationic dimers in the gas phase. X‐ray crystallography confirms for the zinc complex a profound π‐stacking of the HBC moieties. In contrast, the free‐base porphyrin incarcerates n‐heptane which essentially prevents π‐stacking. Upon excitation of the HBC substituents, efficient energy transfer to the central porphyrin is observed.
Clathrin‐Mediated Endocytosis of Gold Nanoparticles In Vitro
Authors: Ng Cheng Teng , Tang Florence Mei Ai , Li Jasmine Jia'en , Ong Cynthia , Yung Lanry Lin Yue , Bay Boon Huat 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have potential biomedical and scientific applications. In this study, we evaluated the uptake and internalization of FBS‐coated 20 nm AuNPs into lung fibroblasts and liver cells by different microscopy techniques. AuNP aggregates were observed inside MRC5 lung fibroblasts and Chang liver cells under light microscopy, especially after enhancement with automegallography. Clusters of AuNPs were observed to be adsorbed on the cell surface by scanning electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections showed that AuNPs were mainly enclosed within cytoplasmic vesicles when viewed under transmission electron microscopy. We also investigated the mechanism of uptake for AuNPs, using endocytosis inhibitors and quantification of Au with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cells treated with concanavalin A and chlorpromazine showed significant decrease of Au uptake in MRC5 lung fibroblasts and Chang liver cells, respectively, implying that the uptake of AuNPs was facilitated by clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. It would therefore appear that uptake of 20 nm AuNPs in both cell types with different tissues of origin, was dependent upon clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Anat Rec, 298:418–427, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reading acceleration training changes brain circuitry in children with reading difficulties
Authors: Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi , Vannest Jennifer J. , Kadis Darren , Cicchino Nicole , Wang Yingying Y. , Holland Scott K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionDyslexia is characterized by slow, inaccurate reading. Previous studies have shown that the Reading Acceleration Program (RAP) improves reading speed and accuracy in children and adults with dyslexia and in typical readers across different orthographies. However, the effect of the RAP on the neural circuitry of reading has not been established. In the current study, we examined the effect of the RAP training on regions of interest in the neural circuitry for reading using a lexical decision task during fMRI in children with reading difficulties and typical readers.MethodsChildren (8–12 years old) with reading difficulties and typical readers were studied before and after 4 weeks of training with the RAP in both groups.ResultsIn addition to improvements in oral and silent contextual reading speed, training‐related gains were associated with increased activation of the left hemisphere in both children with reading difficulties and typical readers. However, only children with reading difficulties showed improvements in reading comprehension, which were associated with significant increases in right frontal lobe activation.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate differential effects of the RAP on neural circuits supporting reading in both children with reading difficulties and typical readers and suggest that the intervention may stimulate use of typical neural circuits for reading and engage compensatory pathways to support reading in the developing brain of children with reading difficulties.
Involvement of Ralfuranone Production in the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum OE1‐1
Authors: Kai Kenji , Ohnishi Hideyuki , Mori Yuka , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum causes a destructive disease called “bacterial wilt” in numerous plant species. Its virulence is controlled by the transcriptional regulator PhcA, the activity of which is, in turn, regulated in a cell‐density dependent manner, termed quorum sensing. We herein described the identification and characterization of ralfuranones J–L, new PhcA‐regulated secondary metabolites, and the known derivatives, ralfuranones A and B, from R. solanacearum strain OE1‐1. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These ralfuranones were also detected in vascular exudates from host plants infected with OE1‐1. Deletion of ralA, which encodes an enzyme for ralfuranone biosynthesis, reduced the virulence of OE1‐1 in tomato plants. Virulence was restored by complementation of the ralA gene. The results suggest that ralfuranones play important roles in the virulence of OE1‐1.
Management of Marcellus Shale Produced Water in Pennsylvania: A Review of Current Strategies and Perspectives
Authors: He Can , Zhang Tieyuan , Zheng Xuan , Li Yang , Vidic Radisav D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe reuse of produced water generated by natural gas extraction from Marcellus Shale for hydraulic fracturing is the dominant management option in Pennsylvania (PA), USA. The advantages and disadvantages of this management approach are reviewed and discussed together with long‐term concerns and technology development needs. Abandoned mine drainage is a promising alternative make‐up water, but high sulfate concentrations will lead to barite precipitation once it is mixed with the produced water. Bench‐scale studies were conducted to optimize barite separation from this mixture that meets the finished water quality criteria for sulfate. Conventional separation processes are very effective in removing these solids but radium (Ra) co‐precipitation may be a concern for their disposal in municipal landfills. If the produced water volume exceeds the reuse capacity for hydraulic fracturing, lime–soda ash softening can be used to remove divalent cations, including radium, to enable the production of pure salts using subsequent thermal processes.
Effects of variations in incident heat flux when using cone calorimeter test data for prediction of full‐scale heat release rates of polyurethane foam
Authors: Robson Luke D. , Torvi David A. , Obach Matthew R. , Weckman Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe development of methods to predict full‐scale fire behaviour using small‐scale test data is of great interest to the fire community. This study evaluated the ability of one model, originally developed during the European Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture (CBUF) project, to predict heat release rates. Polyurethane foam specimens were tested in the furniture calorimeter using both centre and edge ignition locations. Input data were obtained using cone calorimeter tests and infrared video‐based flame area measurements. Two particular issues were investigated: how variations in incident heat flux in cone calorimeter tests impact heat release rate predictions, and the ability of the model to predict results for different foam thicknesses. Heat release rate predictions showed good agreement with experimental results, particularly during the growth phase of the fire. The model was more successful in predicting results for edge ignition tests than for centre ignition tests and in predicting results for thinner foams. Results indicated that because of sensitivity of the burning behaviour to foam specimen geometry and ignition location, a single incident heat flux could not be specified for generating input for the CBUF model. Potential methods to determine appropriate cone calorimeter input for various geometries and ignition locations are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental Finance: Environmental Compliance Can Be Profitable
Authors: Richardson Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEnvironmental compliance is a necessity, but it does not need to be expensive, and in some cases, it can even be profitable. For example, industries that meet the requirement outlined below can use a process now available that removes essentially all nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and thus makes available a large number of Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs). These can be sold.
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a hypopharyngeal mass
Authors: Crane Ryan A. , Johnson Christopher M. , Grice Guerard P. , Mullin David P. , Bach Kevin K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy derived from skeletal muscle with approximately 40% of cases involving the head and neck. The pleomorphic variant, however, most commonly occurs in the extremities and has never, to our knowledge, been described in the pharynx.MethodsA 46‐year‐old man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department complaining of hemoptysis. A CT scan of the head and neck revealed a hypopharyngeal mass originally favored to be a benign process.ResultsOperative endoscopy revealed a previously unseen mucosal ulceration, and subsequent biopsy resulted in the final diagnosis of pleomorphic RMS.ConclusionAlthough quite rare, RMS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a hypopharyngeal mass. This articleis a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Head Neck 37: E85–E87, 2015
Saffron (Crocus sativus) for depression: a systematic review of clinical studies and examination of underlying antidepressant mechanisms of action
Authors: Lopresti Adrian L. , Drummond Peter D. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundSaffron, a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, has now undergone several trials examining its antidepressant effects and, in a recent meta‐analysis, was confirmed to be effective for the treatment of major depression.ObjectiveTo provide an expanded systematic analysis of the completed clinical studies on saffron and depression, detailing dosages, extract sources, standardisations, safety profile and treatment duration; and, through a narrative review, to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action.DesignIn the systematic review of clinical trials, electronic databases were searched for high‐quality, randomised, double‐blind studies, with placebo or antidepressant controls. A narrative review of in vivo and in vitro studies was conducted to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action.ResultsIn the systematic review, six studies were identified. In the placebo‐comparison trials, saffron had large treatment effects and, when compared with antidepressant medications, had similar antidepressant efficacy. Saffron's antidepressant effects potentially are due to its serotonergic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, neuro‐endocrine and neuroprotective effects.ConclusionsResearch conducted so far provides initial support for the use of saffron for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate depression. Further research is required to expand our understanding of the role and actions of saffron in major depression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Health a Necessity in Sub‐Saharan Africa? An Investigation of Income‐Elasticity of Health Expenditures In Rural Senegal
Authors: Lépine Aurélia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInvestigating income‐elasticity of health expenditures can provide insights into the extent of public involvement in the health sector and the need for co‐financing schemes. Although this is particularly relevant in vulnerable countries, evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa is lacking. The paper explores the relationship between permanent and current income and health expenditures. First, at the patient level, income‐elasticity of health expenditures during the last medical contact with a qualified health provider is investigated. Second, household‐level estimation of income‐elasticity of household health expenditures is conducted to account for the healthcare use rate. The results suggest that health is a necessity good, which has methodological and policy implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave‐assisted extraction for the efficient extraction of Praeruptorin A from Radix peucedani
Authors: Ding Xueqin , Li Li , Wang Yuzhi , Chen Jing , Huang Yanhua , Xu Kaijia 
Published: September 2014

A series of novel tetramethylguanidinium ionic liquids and hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquids have been synthesized based on 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine. The structures of the ionic liquids were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A green guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave‐assisted extraction method has been developed with these guanidinium ionic liquids for the effective extraction of Praeruptorin A from Radix peucedani. After extraction, reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was employed for the analysis of Praeruptorin A. Several significant operating parameters were systematically optimized by single‐factor and L9 (34) orthogonal array experiments. The amount of Praeruptorin A extracted by [1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine]CH2CH(OH)COOH is the highest, reaching 11.05 ± 0.13 mg/g. Guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave‐assisted extraction presents unique advantages in Praeruptorin A extraction compared with guanidinium ionic liquid based maceration extraction, guanidinium ionic liquid based heat reflux extraction and guanidinium ionic liquid based ultrasound‐assisted extraction. The precision, stability, and repeatability of the process were investigated. The mechanisms of guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave‐assisted extraction were researched by scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. All the results show that guanidinium ionic liquid based microwave‐assisted extraction has a huge potential in the extraction of bioactive compounds from complex samples.
Water‐Based Adhesives with Tailored Hydrophobic Association: Dilution Resistance and Improved Setting Behavior
Authors: Dundua Alexander , Landfester Katharina , Taden Andreas 
Published: September 2014

Hydrophobic association and stimuli‐responsiveness is a powerful tool towards water‐based adhesives with strongly improved properties, which is demonstrated based on the example of hydrophobically modified alkali‐soluble latexes (HASE) with modulated association. Their rheological properties are highly tunable due to the hydrophobic domains that act as physical crosslinking sites of adjustable interaction strength. Ethanol, propanol, and butanol are used as water‐soluble model additives with different hydrophobicity in order to specifically target the association sites and impact the viscoelastic properties and stimuli‐responsiveness. The rheological and mechanical property response upon dilution with water can be tailored, and dilution‐resistant or even dilution‐thickening systems are obtained. The investigations are of high importance for water‐based adhesives, as our findings provide insight into general structure–property relationships to improve their setting behavior, especially upon contact with wet substrates.
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Increased SNR efficiency in velocity selective arterial spin labeling using multiple velocity selective saturation modules (mm‐VSASL)
Authors: Guo Jia , Wong Eric C. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeVelocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) is theoretically insensitive to transit delay (TD) effects. However, it uses saturation instead of inversion, resulting in compromised signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this study we explore the use of multiple velocity‐selective saturation (VSS) modules in VSASL (mm‐VSASL) to improve SNR.MethodsTheoretical SNR efficiency improvement and optimized parameters were calculated from simulations for mm‐VSASL. VSASL with two VSS modules (VSASL‐2VSS) was implemented to measure cerebral blood flow in vivo, compared with conventional VSASL (VSASL‐1VSS), pulsed ASL (PASL), and pseudo‐continuous ASL (PCASL). TDs and bolus durations (BDs) were measured to validate the simulations and to examine the TD sensitivity of these preparations.ResultsCompared with VSASL‐1VSS, VSASL‐2VSS achieved a significant improvement of SNR (22.1 ± 1.9%, P = 1.7 × 10−6) in vivo, consistent with a 22.7% improvement predicted from simulations. The SNR was comparable to or higher (in gray matter, P = 4.3 × 10−3) than that using PCASL. VSASL was experimentally verified to have minimal TD effects.ConclusionUtilizing multiple VSS modules can improve the SNR efficiency of VSASL. Mm‐VSASL may result in an SNR that is comparable to or even higher than that of PCASL in applications where long postlabeling delays are required. Magn Reson Med 74:694–705, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An efficient parallel algorithm for exact multi‐pattern matching
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Xu Dongliang , Tian Zhihong , Fan Yujian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a parallel algorithm Parallel Extended Bloom Filter (PEBF) for exact multi‐pattern matching based on Bloom filter. To improve the throughput and parallelism of the algorithm, we divided the pattern set into N subsets where the length of patterns is the same, and different subsets would not intersect each other. We construct an EBF for each subset and use N threads to simultaneously process the subsets in parallel. We implement our solution on the graphics processing unit, called G‐PEBF. Experimental results demonstrate that PEBF performs better than the Wu–Manber (WM) algorithm in terms of time and space. And G‐PEBF outperforms the G‐WM (WM algorithm implemented on graphics processing unit). The speedup of G‐PEBF is up to 60 times at peak performance and almost 10 times at worst performance to the PEBF algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel regeneration of iron citrate solution by biooxidation of iron-oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Wang Y J , Li D P , Liu C , Zhan G Q , He X H 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLiquid phase oxidation process using chelated iron solution is among the most promising techniques for the hydrogen sulfide removal due to its double advantage of waste minimization and resource recovery. Regeneration of chelated iron is a core reaction in this process. Regeneration of chelated iron in acidic solution is very difficult. In this paper, a novel regeneration of iron citrate in acidic solution by biooxidation of iron-oxidizing bacteria was reported firstly. By using such a process, the influence of iron-oxidizing bacteria on the regeneration rate was investigated. The results demonstrated the regeneration rate with the new technology was increased significantly. The process may contribute to the biooxidation of iron-oxidizing bacteria. Application of this novel process increased the regeneration rate under the optimum conditions, suggesting the iron citrate regeneration process may be a feasible and economical method in application.
How the world trade community operates: norms and discourse
Authors: CHO SUNGJOON 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBased on the new conceptualization of the world trading system as the world trade ‘community’, this Article illuminates its internal operation based on legal discourse. The Article first defines WTO norms aslingua francaof the world trade community that enables various forms of discourse among members of the community. It then introduces three main institutionalized forms of the WTO discourse, namely adjudication, peer review, and consultation/negotiation. These three forms of WTO discourse are mainly responsible for the diurnal operation of the world trade community. The Article also explores the intermodal dynamics among these three forms of WTO discourse and demonstrates that such dynamics might generate both positive and negative consequences.
PICALM modulates autophagy activity and tau accumulation
Authors: Moreau Kevin , Fleming Angeleen , Imarisio Sara , Lopez Ramirez Ana , Mercer Jacob L. , Jimenez-Sanchez Maria , Bento Carla F. , Puri Claudia , Zavodszky Eszter , Siddiqi Farah , Lavau Catherine P. , Betton Maureen , O’Kane Cahir J. , Wechsler Daniel S. , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified several loci associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including proteins involved in endocytic trafficking such as PICALM/CALM (phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein). It is unclear how these loci may contribute to AD pathology. Here we show that CALM modulates autophagy and alters clearance of tau, a protein which is a known autophagy substrate and which is causatively linked to AD, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, altered CALM expression exacerbates tau-mediated toxicity in zebrafish transgenic models. CALM influences autophagy by regulating the endocytosis of SNAREs, such as VAMP2, VAMP3 and VAMP8, which have diverse effects on different stages of the autophagy pathway, from autophagosome formation to autophagosome degradation. This study suggests that the AD genetic risk factor CALM modulates autophagy, and this may affect disease in a number of ways including modulation of tau turnover.
Plasma nitriding induced growth of Pt-nanowire arrays as high performance electrocatalysts for fuel cells
Authors: Du Shangfeng , Lin Kaijie , Malladi Sairam K. , Lu Yaxiang , Sun Shuhui , Xu Qiang , Steinberger-Wilckens Robert , Dong Hanshan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate an innovative approach, combing a novel active screen plasma (ASP) technique with green chemical synthesis, for a direct fabrication of uniform Pt nanowire arrays on large-area supports. The ASP treatment enables in-situ N-doping and surface modification to the support surface, significantly promoting the uniform growth of tiny Pt nuclei which directs the growth of ultrathin single-crystal Pt nanowire (2.5–3 nm in diameter) arrays, forming a three-dimensional (3D) nano-architecture. Pt nanowire arrays in-situ grown on the large-area gas diffusion layer (GDL) (5 cm2) can be directly used as the catalyst electrode in fuel cells. The unique design brings in an extremely thin electrocatalyst layer, facilitating the charge transfer and mass transfer properties, leading to over two times higher power density than the conventional Pt nanoparticle catalyst electrode in real fuel cell environment. Due to the similar challenges faced with other nanostructures and the high availability of ASP for other material surfaces, this work will provide valuable insights and guidance towards the development of other new nano-architectures for various practical applications.