bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A kilometre-scale highly refractory harzburgite zone in the mantle section of the northern Oman Ophiolite (Fizh Block): implications for flux melting of oceanic lithospheric mantle
Authors: Kanke Nami , Takazawa Eiichi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

We report the major element compositions of constituent minerals in 278 harzburgites and of 101 whole rocks from the northern Fizh mantle section in the northern Oman Ophiolite to investigate the formation and evolution of oceanic lithospheric mantle. Olivine Fo varies from 90 to 92 whereas spinel Cr# (= Cr/(Cr+Al) atomic ratio) varies from 0.15 to 0.78. The Cr# of spinels in a large number of harzburgites exceeds 0.6, which is the upper bound for abyssal peridotites. In the northern Fizh mantle section, highly refractory harzburgites with spinel Cr# greater than 0.7 are distributed in a 3-km-wide band along a NW–SE-striking shear zone. We infer a two-stage depletion process in the northern Fizh mantle section. In the first stage, asthenospheric mantle was partially melted beneath a mid-ocean ridge, producing a harzburgitic residual column. In the second stage during detachment of oceanic lithosphere an H
2
O-rich fluid, released from the metamorphic sole due to thermal metamorphism of altered oceanic crust, extensively infiltrated the northern Fizh mantle section where the ridge segment boundary region was previously located. The residual harzburgites were subjected to flux melting, resulting in a highly refractory harzburgite zone with spinel Cr# greater than 0.7.

Supplementary material:

Locality map, names of the wadis and UTM coordinates and further analytical data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18679
.
The main structural styles of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oman
Authors: Al-Kindi Mohammed H. , Richard Pascal D. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The subsurface structural styles vary across Oman. Understanding this diversity has a strong impact on optimizing hydrocarbon exploration and production. This work is an attempt to summarize the main structural features that characterize the reservoir types in different tectonic domains in Oman in order to provide structural constraints on the interpretation of subsurface data, particularly in areas of poor data coverage or quality. In the South Oman Salt Basin, salt halokinesis dominated the deformation style and the orientation of local stresses. This has resulted in a tortuous framework of faults and folds. During the Palaeozoic, simultaneous differential loading of overlying sediments and salt dissolution were the main deformation mechanisms. The regional stresses are more defined in north Oman. Two structural orientations are observed within the Fahud and Ghaba Salt Basins: NW–SE and NE–SW. The first was formed during Late Cretaceous time, whereas the second developed during the Late Cenozoic. Pre-existing faults were reactivated in both tectonic episodes. The deformation within the north Oman salt basins is localized above pre-existing faults. Outside the salt basins, in the Lekhwair and Makarem highs, the faults mainly trend NW–SE. These tend to be uniformly distributed throughout the basins and have uniform orientation, throw and vertical continuity.
Palaeogene non-marine molluscs from Oman: implications for the timing of uplift of the Dhofar Plateau and the opening of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Authors: Pickford Martin , Gheerbrant Emmanuel , Sen Sevket , Roger Jack , Sulaimani Zaher 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A collection of terrestrial and freshwater snails from the Late Eocene to earliest Early Oligocene Zalumah Formation at Wadi Darbat, near Salalah, Oman is of importance on account of its taxonomic composition, its palaeoecological indications and its biogeographic affinities which are clearly tropical African; these are very different from the extant non-marine snail fauna of Oman which is typical of the Mediterranean belt. In addition, these fossil snails are by far the oldest-known representatives of their respective genera. The Late Eocene Zalumah deposits which yielded the molluscs accumulated just above sea level, as revealed by the admixture of marine, brackish water and freshwater taxa as well as fully terrestrial gastropods. These deposits now vary in altitude from near sea level at Taqah (Wadi Darbat) to over 930 m at Thaytiniti. Uplift of the Dhofar Plateau therefore must have occurred later than the Early Oligocene. The biogeographic affinities of the snails confirms that the Arabian Peninsula was part of the African continent at the time of deposition and that the opening of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden occurred later than the Early Oligocene.
Evolution of volcanism and magmatism during initial arc stage: constraints on the tectonic setting of the Oman Ophiolite
Authors: Kusano Yuki , Hayashi Maika , Adachi Yoshiko , Umino Susumu , Miyashita Sumio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Based on detailed stratigraphy, petrology and geochemistry, the initial arc magmatism of the Oman Ophiolite consisting of tholeiitic lavas followed by boninite flows and tephras is studied in the Wadi Bidi area, northern Oman Mountains. An 1110-m-thick V2 sequence is divided into the lower 970 m (LV2) and upper 140 m (UV2) thick subsequences by a 1.0-m-thick sedimentary layer. Pahoehoe flows dominate in the lower part of the LV2, while the upper part consists mainly of sheet flows with sparse interbedded pelagic sediments and a cylindrical plug. In addition to the presence of a feeder conduit, the flow-dominant lithofacies with a few thin sedimentary interbeds in the LV2 indicates that the study area was the centre of a volcano grown in a short period. The UV2 is composed of boninite sheet flows overlain by a 2.0-m-thick pyroclastic fall deposit. A small amount of boninite lavas at the end of the V2 sequence overlain by thick pelagic sediments suggests that the subduction-related arc volcanism was short lived and terminated long before the ophiolite obduction.

Supplementary material:

Locations, mode of occurrence, phenocryst assemblages and bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of lavas in the Wadi Bidi area are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18684
.
A Novel Temozolomide–Perillyl Alcohol Conjugate Exhibits Superior Activity against Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and Intracranial Triple-Negative Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Chen Thomas C. , Cho Hee-Yeon , Wang Weijun , Barath Manasi , Sharma Natasha , Hofman Florence M. , Schönthal Axel H. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
There is no effective therapy for breast cancer that has spread to the brain. A major roadblock is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the usual breast cancer drugs from effectively reaching intracranial metastases. The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is able to penetrate the BBB and has become the gold standard for chemotherapeutic treatment of glioblastoma. However, when it was tested in clinical trials for activity against brain metastases of breast cancer, the results were mixed and ranged from “encouraging activity” to “no objective responses.” In an effort to generate an agent with greater activity against intracranial breast metastases, we synthesized a TMZ analog where the natural product perillyl alcohol (POH) was covalently linked to TMZ's amide functionality. The resulting novel compound, called TMZ-POH (T-P), displayed greatly increased anticancer activity in a variety of breast cancer cell lines, inclusive of TMZ-resistant ones. It caused DNA damage and cell death much more efficiently than its parental compound TMZ, because linkage with POH increased its biologic half-life and thus provided greater opportunity for placement of cytotoxic DNA lesions. In an intracranial mouse tumor model with triple-negative breast cancer, T-P revealed considerably greater therapeutic efficacy than TMZ, where a single cycle of treatment extended median survival benefit from 6 days (in the case of TMZ) to 28 days. At the same time, T-P seemed to be well tolerated by the animals. Thus, T-P may have potential as a novel therapy for brain-targeted breast cancer metastases. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1181–93. ©2014 AACR.
Nuclear Translocation of Hand-1 Acts as a Molecular Switch to Regulate Vascular Radiosensitivity in Medulloblastoma Tumors: The Protein uPAR Is a Cytoplasmic Sequestration Factor for Hand-1
Authors: Asuthkar Swapna , Gogineni Venkateswara Rao , Rao Jasti S. , Velpula Kiran Kumar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUrokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is overexpressed in the tumor–stromal invasive microenvironment in many human cancers, including medulloblastoma. The role of uPAR in tumor progression and angiogenesis has been well characterized. Previously, in medulloblastoma cells, we showed that ionizing radiation (IR)–induced uPAR is a potent activator of cancer stem cell (CSC)–like properties and is associated with various transcription factors that are involved during embryonic development and cancer. In the present study, we show that uPAR protein acts as a cytoplasmic sequestration factor for a novel basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Hand-1. The Hand-1 protein plays an essential role in the differentiation of trophoblast giant cells and cardiac morphogenesis, and yet its precise cellular function and its contribution to cancer remain mostly unknown. We also observed that the Hand-1 protein is upregulated in uPAR short hairpin RNA–treated medulloblastoma cells and accompanies sustained cell growth and angiogenesis. Furthermore, IR-induced uPAR overexpression negatively regulates Hand-1 activity and results in the stabilization of angiogenesis-promoting molecules, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Finally, uPAR overexpression and its association with Hand-1 after IR treatment indicate that uPAR is capable of regulating Hand-1 and that uPAR has a role in the process of IR-induced tumor angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1309–22. ©2014 AACR.
Multiancestral Analysis of Inflammation-Related Genetic Variants and C-Reactive Protein in the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Kocarnik Jonathan M. , Pendergrass Sarah A. , Carty Cara L. , Pankow James S. , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Cheng Iona , Durda Peter , Ambite José Luis , Deelman Ewa , Cook Nancy R. , Liu Simin , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Hutter Carolyn , Brown-Gentry Kristin , Wilson Sarah , Best Lyle G. , Pankratz Nathan , Hong Ching-Ping , Cole Shelley A. , Voruganti V. Saroja , Bůžková Petra , Jorgensen Neal W. , Jenny Nancy S. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Kolonel Laurence N. , LaCroix Andrea , North Kari , Jackson Rebecca , Le Marchand Loic , Hindorff Lucia A. , Crawford Dana C. , Gross Myron , Peters Ulrike 
Published: March 2014

Background—
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRP concentrations and inflammation-related traits such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We aimed to replicate previous CRP–SNP associations, assess whether these associations generalize to additional race/ethnicity groups, and evaluate inflammation-related SNPs for a potentially pleiotropic association with CRP.

Methods and Results—

We selected and analyzed 16 CRP-associated and 250 inflammation-related GWAS SNPs among 40 473 African American, American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, European American, and Hispanic participants from 7 studies collaborating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Fixed-effect meta-analyses combined study-specific race/ethnicity-stratified linear regression estimates to evaluate the association between each SNP and high-sensitivity CRP. Overall, 18 SNPs in 8 loci were significantly associated with CRP (Bonferroni-corrected
P
<3.1×10
−3
for replication,
P
<2.0×10
−4
for pleiotropy): Seven of these were specific to European Americans, while 9 additionally generalized to African Americans (1), Hispanics (5), or both (3); 1 SNP was seen only in African Americans and Hispanics. Two SNPs in the
CELSR2/PSRC1/SORT1
locus showed a potentially novel association with CRP: rs599839 (
P
=2.0×10
−6
) and rs646776 (
P
=3.1×10
−5
).

Conclusions—
We replicated 16 SNP–CRP associations, 10 of which generalized to African Americans and/or Hispanics. We also identified potentially novel pleiotropic associations with CRP for two SNPs previously associated with coronary artery disease and/or low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol. These findings demonstrate the benefit of evaluating genotype–phenotype associations in multiple race/ethnicity groups and looking for pleiotropic relationships among SNPs previously associated with related phenotypes.
NOS1
Methylation and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Children
Authors: Breton Carrie V. , Park Caron , Siegmund Kim , Gauderman W. James , Whitfield-Maxwell Lora , Hodis Howard N. , Avol Ed , Gilliland Frank D. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular health by maintaining and regulating vascular tone and blood flow. Epigenetic regulation of NO synthase (NOS), the genes responsible for NO production, may affect cardiovascular disease, including the development of atherosclerosis in children.

Methods and Results—

We measured percentage DNA methylation using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing assays on DNA from buccal cells provided by 377 participants of the Children’s Health Study on whom carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were also collected. We examined a total of 16 CpG loci located within
NOS1
,
NOS2A
,
NOS3
,
ARG1
, and
ARG2
genes responsible for NO production. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. The association between percentage DNA methylation in
ARG
and
NOS
genes with CIMT was evaluated using linear regression adjusted for sex, ethnicity, body mass index, age at CIMT, town of residence, and experimental plate for pyrosequencing reactions. Differences in the association by ethnicity and ancestral group were also evaluated. For a 1% increase in average DNA methylation of
NOS1
, CIMT increased by 1.2 μm (
P
=0.02). This association was greater in Hispanic children of Native American descent (β=2.3;
P
=0.004) than in non-Hispanic whites (β=0.3;
P
=0.71) or Hispanic whites (β=1.0;
P
=0.35).

Conclusions—

DNA methylation of
NOS1
has a plausible role in atherogenesis through regulation of NO production, although ancestry may alter the magnitude of this association.
Novel Protective Role of Endogenous Cardiac Myocyte P2X4 Receptors in Heart Failure
Authors: Yang Tiehong , Shen Jian-bing , Yang Ronghua , Redden John , Dodge-Kafka Kimberly , Grady James , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Liang Bruce T. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Heart failure (HF), despite continuing progress, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) have emerged as potentially important molecules in regulating cardiac function and as potential targets for HF therapy. Transgenic P2X4R overexpression can protect against HF, but this does not explain the role of native cardiac P2X4R. Our goal is to define the physiological role of endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R under basal conditions and during HF induced by myocardial infarction or pressure overload.

Methods and Results—

Mice established with conditional cardiac-specific P2X4R knockout were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation–induced postinfarct or transverse aorta constriction–induced pressure overload HF. Knockout cardiac myocytes did not show P2X4R by immunoblotting or by any response to the P2X4R-specific allosteric enhancer ivermectin. Knockout hearts showed normal basal cardiac function but depressed contractile performance in postinfarct and pressure overload models of HF by in vivo echocardiography and ex vivo isolated working heart parameters. P2X4R coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS) in wild-type cardiac myocytes. Mice with cardiac-specific P2X4R overexpression had increased S-nitrosylation, cyclic GMP, NO formation, and were protected from postinfarct and pressure overload HF. Inhibitor of eNOS, L-N
5
-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine hydrochloride, blocked the salutary effect of cardiac P2X4R overexpression in postinfarct and pressure overload HF as did eNOS knockout.

Conclusions—
This study establishes a new protective role for endogenous cardiac myocyte P2X4R in HF and is the first to demonstrate a physical interaction between the myocyte receptor and eNOS, a mediator of HF protection.
Lipidomics Profiling and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Prospective Population-Based Bruneck Study
Authors: Stegemann Christin , Pechlaner Raimund , Willeit Peter , Langley Sarah R. , Mangino Massimo , Mayr Ursula , Menni Cristina , Moayyeri Alireza , Santer Peter , Rungger Gregor , Spector Tim D. , Willeit Johann , Kiechl Stefan , Mayr Manuel 
Published: March 2014

Background—
The bulk of cardiovascular disease risk is not explained by traditional risk factors. Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow the identification and quantification of hundreds of lipid species. Molecular lipid profiling by mass spectrometry may improve cardiovascular risk prediction.

Methods and Results—

Lipids were extracted from 685 plasma samples of the prospective population-based Bruneck Study (baseline evaluation in 2000). One hundred thirty-five lipid species from 8 different lipid classes were profiled by shotgun lipidomics with the use of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Levels of individual species of cholesterol esters (CEs), lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were associated with cardiovascular disease over a 10-year observation period (2000–2010, 90 incident events). Among the lipid species with the strongest predictive value were TAGs and CEs with a low carbon number and double-bond content, including TAG(54:2) and CE(16:1), as well as PE(36:5) (
P
=5.1×10
−7
, 2.2×10
−4
, and 2.5×10
−3
, respectively). Consideration of these 3 lipid species on top of traditional risk factors resulted in improved risk discrimination and classification for cardiovascular disease (cross-validated ΔC index, 0.0210 [95% confidence interval, 0.0010-0.0422]; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.0212 [95% confidence interval, 0.0031-0.0406]; and continuous net reclassification index, 0.398 [95% confidence interval, 0.175-0.619]). A similar shift in the plasma fatty acid composition was associated with cardiovascular disease in the UK Twin Registry (n=1453, 45 cases).

Conclusions—
This study applied mass spectrometry-based lipidomics profiling to population-based cohorts and identified molecular lipid signatures for cardiovascular disease. Molecular lipid species constitute promising new biomarkers that outperform the conventional biochemical measurements of lipid classes currently used in clinics.
Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in High and Low Risk Australian Children
Authors: Roberts Kathryn , Maguire Graeme , Brown Alex , Atkinson David , Reményi Bo , Wheaton Gavin , Kelly Andrew , Kumar Raman K. , Su Jiunn-Yih , Carapetis Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2014

Background—
Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is becoming more widespread, but screening studies to date have used different echocardiographic definitions. The World Heart Federation has recently published new criteria for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD. We aimed to establish the prevalence of RHD in high-risk Indigenous Australian children using these criteria and to compare the findings with a group of Australian children at low risk for RHD.

Methods and Results—

Portable echocardiography was performed on high-risk Indigenous children aged 5 to15 years living in remote communities of northern Australia. A comparison group of low-risk, non-Indigenous children living in urban centers was also screened. Echocardiograms were reported in a standardized, blinded fashion. Of 3946 high-risk children, 34 met World Heart Federation criteria for definite RHD (prevalence, 8.6 per 1000 [95% confidence interval, 6.0–12.0]) and 66 for borderline RHD (prevalence, 16.7 per 1000 [95% confidence interval, 13.0–21.2]). Of 1053 low-risk children, none met the criteria for definite RHD, and 5 met the criteria for borderline RHD. High-risk children were more likely to have definite or borderline RHD than low-risk children (adjusted odds ratio, 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 2.3–14.1];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The prevalence of definite RHD in high-risk Indigenous Australian children approximates what we expected in our population, and no definite RHD was identified in the low-risk group. This study suggests that definite RHD, as defined by the World Heart Federation criteria, is likely to represent true disease. Borderline RHD was identified in children at both low and high risk, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies to evaluate the clinical significance of this finding.
Zoological Nomenclature and Electronic Publication—a reply to Dubois et al. (2013)
Authors: ICZN ICZN 
Published: March 2014

A group of 19 authors (Dubois et al. 2013) recently raised concerns about the latest Amendment to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2012a,b,c), that allows new names and other nomenclatural acts to gain legislative acceptance (become “available”) from publications issued and distributed electronically. Two editorials by publishers have already responded to some of the concerns (Anonymous 2013, Harold et al. 2013); some others will be dealt with here. Technological advances in electronic scientific communication have had a dramatic effect on scientific research and publication in recent years. Addressing this, and following a four-year period of public discussion, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) voted to accept an Amendment to the 4th edition of the Code, thereby adapting the rules of zoological nomenclature to new realities of publication media and methods (ICZN 2012a,b,c). The Amendment dealt with the most important issues of publishing in an electronic world, but in all transitional times new regulatory guidelines may have difficulties keeping up with the rate of change. As mentioned by Harold et al. 2013, the “devil may be in the detail”, but it is a process that must nevertheless be started. The ICZN encourages all interested individuals and groups to participate in the discussion leading up to the 5th edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, whether by the ICZN e-mail discussion list, the 5th edition Wiki, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature or through other media, to help make the next edition satisfy the needs of the community.
Hemangioblastoma Arising From the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Ayala Marco A. , Morawiecki Peter A. , Yencha Myron W. 
Published: March 2014

Objective: The objective was to document and describe the clinical features of a hemangioblastoma arising from a submandibular gland. Methods: A case report of a 63-year-old man with a right submandibular gland hemangioblastoma. Results: Submandibular gland excision and histological examination revealed a hemangioblastoma. Subsequent evaluation with imaging studies found no association with von Hippel–Lindau disease. Conclusion: We report the first presentation of a hemangioblastoma arising in a salivary gland. Further evaluation of patients with a hemangioblastoma is recommended given the neoplasms’ association with von Hippel–Lindau disease.