bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising Health Informatics Outcomes – Getting Good Evidence to Where it Matters
Authors: Rigby M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis editorial is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper “Evidence-based Health informatics: How do we know what we know?”, written by Elske Ammenwerth [1]. Health informatics uses and applications have crept up on health systems over half a century, starting as simple automation of large-scale calculations, but now manifesting in many cases as rule- and algorithm-based creation of composite clinical analyses and ‘black box’ computation of clinical aspects, as well as enablement of increasingly complex care delivery modes and consumer health access. In this process health informatics has very largely bypassed the rules of precaution, proof of effectiveness, and assessment of safety applicable to all other health sciences and clinical support systems. Evaluation of informatics applications, compilation and recognition of the importance of evidence, and normalisation of Evidence Based Health Informatics, are now long overdue on grounds of efficiency and safety. Ammenwerth has now produced a rigorous analysis of the current position on evidence, and evaluation as its lifeblood, which demands careful study then active promulgation. Decisions based on political aspirations, ‘modernisation’ hopes, and unsupported commercial claims must cease – poor decisions are wasteful and bad systems can kill. Evidence Based Health Informatics should be promoted, and expected by users, as rigorously as Cochrane promoted Effectiveness and Efficiency, and Sackett promoted Evidence Based Medicine – both of which also were introduced retrospectively to challenge the less robust and partially unsafe traditional ‘wisdom’ in vogue. Ammenwerth’s analysis gives the necessary material to promote that mission.
Cardiac Function in Adult Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Aulie Hanne A. , Estensen Mette E. , Selvaag Anne M. , Lilleby Vibke , Murbraech Klaus , Flatø Berit , Aakhus Svend 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To compare cardiac function in adults with longterm juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with that of healthy controls, and to investigate the influence of inflammation, disease severity, and use of antirheumatic medication on cardiac function.Methods.Eighty-five patients with JIA (median age 38.6 yrs) with active disease for at least 15 years were reexamined at a median of 29 years after disease onset and compared with 46 matched controls. Echocardiography, including tissue Doppler imaging and longitudinal peak-systolic global strain, was used to assess diastolic and systolic myocardial function, and 12-channel electrocardiography was performed.Results.The interventricular septum was thicker in patients than controls (mean ± SD 0.8 ± 0.2 cm vs 0.7 ± 0.1 cm, p = 0.036). Diastolic function in patients was altered compared with controls characterized by lower mitral E wave deceleration time (165 ± 36 ms vs 180 ± 40 ms, p = 0.029), higher surrogate marker of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure (median lateral E/e’ 5.3, interquartile range 4.6–6.3 vs 4.8, 3.9–5.7, p = 0.036), and larger left atrial area (16.4 ± 2.9 cm2vs 15.1 ± 2.8 cm2, p = 0.015). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in patients (120 ± 15 mmHg vs 114 ± 9 mmHg, p = 0.021 and 76 ± 10 mmHg vs 71 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.009, respectively). QT corrected interval was similar in patients and controls. High high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), polyarticular disease course, and extended joint affection at 29-year followup, as well as duration of active disease, cumulative erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP, and prednisolone use were associated with higher lateral E/e’.Conclusion.Adult patients with JIA did not differ from controls in LV systolic function, but had mildly thicker interventricular septum and indications for higher LV filling pressure, and most in patients with a higher disease burden.
Differential Antigen-presenting B Cell Phenotypes from Synovial Microenvironment of Patients with Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Armas-González Estefanía , Díaz-Martín Ana , Domínguez-Luis María Jesús , Arce-Franco María Teresa , Herrera-García Ada , Hernández-Hernández María Vanesa , Bustabad Sagrario , Usategui Alicia , Pablos José L. , Cañete Juan D. , Díaz-González Federico 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To study the qualitative and quantitative phenotypic changes that occur in molecules involved in antigen presentation and costimulation in synovial B cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods.The presence of HLA-DR, CD86, and CD40 in CD20+ cells was studied in RA synovium biopsies using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Expression was assessed by flow cytometry of the Class II molecules CD40, CD86, CD23, and CD27 on B cells from the synovial fluid (SF), with respect to peripheral blood, from 13 patients with RA and 15 patients with PsA. Expression of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 4 (IFIT4) in immune-selected CD20+ cells from patients with RA was assessed by quantitative realtime PCR.Results.Infiltrating synovial RA, B cells expressed HLA-DR, CD40, and CD86. Increased expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ in B cells from SF was found in patients with RA and PsA. HLA-DP was also elevated in rheumatoid SF B cells; conversely, a significantly lower expression was observed in SF from patients with PsA. CD40 expression was increased in SF B cells from PsA, but not in patients with RA. Interestingly, CD20 surface expression level was significantly lower in SF B cells (CD19+, CD138−) from RA, but not in patients with PsA. CD27 upregulation and CD23 downregulation were observed in synovial B cells in both pathologies. Finally, a 4-fold increase in IFIT4 mRNA content was shown in B cells from SF in patients with RA.Conclusion.Synovial B cells from patients with RA and patients with PsA express different antigen-presenting cell phenotypes, suggesting that this cell type plays a dissimilar role in the pathogenesis of each disease.
Histone Arginine Methylation by PRMT7 Controls Germinal Center Formation via Regulating Bcl6 Transcription
Authors: Ying Zhengzhou , Mei Mei , Zhang Peizhun , Liu Chunyi , He Huacheng , Gao Fei , Bao Shilai 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
B cells are the center of humoral immunity and produce Abs to protect against foreign Ags. B cell defects lead to diseases such as leukemia and lymphomas. Histone arginine methylation is important for regulating gene activation and silencing in cells. Although the process commonly exists in mammalian cells, its roles in B cells are unknown. To explore the effects of aberrant histone arginine methylation on B cells, we generated mice with a B cell–specific knockout of PRMT7, a member of the methyltransferases that mediate arginine methylation of histones. In this article, we showed that the loss of PRMT7 led to decreased mature marginal zone B cells and increased follicular B cells and promoted germinal center formation after immunization. Furthermore, mice lacking PRMT7 expression in B cells secreted low levels of IgG1 and IgA. Abnormal expression of germinal center genes (i.e., Bcl6, Prdm1, and Irf4) was detected in conditional knockout mice. By overexpressing PRMT7 in the Raji and A20 cell lines derived from B cell lymphomas, we validated the fact that PRMT7 negatively regulated Bcl6 expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation–PCR, we found that PRMT7 could recruit H4R3me1 and symmetric H4R3me2 to the Bcl6 promoter. These results provide evidence for the important roles played by PRMT7 in germinal center formation.
Public Health and Epidemiological Databases for the Enhancement of Medical Education
Authors: Sajid Jamal Qazi Mohd. , Siddiqui Mughees Uddin , Alzohairy Mohammad Abdulrahman , Al Karawi Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: July 2015

The collaboration of public health education and information technology has made patient care safer and more reliable than before. Nurses and doctors use handheld computers to record a patient's medical history and check that they are administering the correct treatment. Fortunately Public Health Informatics (PHI) is the intersecting point of technology and public health. Therefore, the inclusion of online medical and epidemiology databases in the course curriculum of budding medical professionals and postgraduate students would be beneficial in enhancing the quality of health care, extensive epidemiological research, health education, health policies, health planning and consumer satisfaction as well. The purpose of this article is to discuss and provide introduction of various databases which have huge information and it could be used to enhance the public health education.Keywords: Information Technology, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Education, Databases.
Review of literature on Graduate Employability
Authors: Sumanasiri Erabaddage Gishan Tharanga , Yajid Mohd Shukri Ab , Khatibi Ali 
Published: July 2015

<p>There is increasing pressure from governments, funding organizations, students and parents on universities around the world since graduate employability has been clearly recognized as one of the main objectives of university education. Accreditation bodies also appear to measure quality of education through the contributions made towards employability. In such a context one would assume that employability of university graduates to be clearly understood and extensively researched area. However, the real situation appears to be one which requires the urgent attention of all stakeholders of university education. A review of literature on graduate employability is a clear need today and current paper achieves this by summarizing the major articles on university graduate employability theoretical frameworks and empirical studies. Despite the large number of studies, graduate employability appears to be suffering from the problems of lack of theoretical control and politicization which appear to have become major obstacles for future developments of the concept. </p>
On the Road from Dante to Jack Kerouac (Stopping by Frost, Pound, and Eliot)
Authors: Barnstone Willis 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Dante is our unique epic poet whose medium is song, the canto. He is also a cruel theologian punishing not only lovers for misbehavior, but the great pre-Christian figures like his guide Virgil for not having been baptized. On love he journeys through hellish love on low earth and ultimately into the highest Empyrean where, guided by evermore beautiful and remote Beatrice, he is enveloped in light and can see God. Jack Kerouac takes his title On the Road from the first line of Canto 1. His ecstatic love takes place not with angels of the Primum Mobile but with wild drunken outsiders like himself. He seeks in his way a fun Inferno to find Zen satori. These two wondrous cranks, drunk on language, seize us with their wayward adventure on earth and in their celestial escapades.
The Much-Maligned Panegyric:
Authors: Gould Rebecca 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article examines the panegyric across the literary traditions of West, South, and East Asia, concentrating on Arabo-Persian qaṣīda, the Sanskrit praśasti, and the Chinese fu. In radically different albeit analogous ways, these three genres elaborated a political aesthetics of literary form that corresponded to many key features of epideictic rhetoric. All three genres cultivated a metapoetics for praising rulers and patrons that bolstered poetry's political status. All three genres were additionally conditioned by the panegyric's characteristic indirection whereby the object of praise shifts in the course of the text's unfolding. In elucidating a differential politics of literary form, the essay aims to deepen the interface between poetics and power in premodern literary cultures and to stimulate the discipline of comparative literature to move beyond its reliance on more familiar European genres as normative modes of literary expression.
Les Canadiens passés en France à la Conquête
Authors: Larin Robert 
Published: July 2015

Cet article aborde l’histoire du mouvement migratoire provoqué par la Conquête en attirant l’attention sur un groupe de 127 Canadiens « nécessiteux » présents à La Rochelle en 1761-1762. Qui étaient-ils et pourquoi avaient-ils quitté le Canada ? Comment ont-ils été traités et qu’allaient-ils devenir en France ? Certains allaient-ils revenir au Canada ? L’expérience individuelle et collective de ces Canadiens de la classe populaire compose une image spécifique et particulièrement expressive faisant contrepoids à la représentation historiographique traditionnelle des nobles, officiers militaires et autres Canadiens de l’élite sociale passés en France à la Conquête.
De la protection du propriétaire à la gestion du risque commercial : l’évolution du contrat à forfait en droit québécois
Authors: Paquin Julie 
Published: July 2015

Malgré la volonté affirmée du législateur de reprendre dans le Code civil du Québec le droit antérieur relatif au contrat à forfait, la formulation de l’article 2109 CcQ diffère sur plusieurs points de celle de son prédécesseur, l’article 1690 CcBC. On peut donc se demander dans quelle mesure l’adoption du Code civil du Québec a entraîné ou signalé une modification du droit québécois en matière de contrats à forfait. Dans le présent article, nous comparerons les diverses interprétations des articles 1690 CcBC et 2109 CcQ et mettrons en lumière certaines incertitudes qui persistent relativement aux effets de ce dernier. Enfin, nous tenterons de mieux comprendre ces incertitudes à la lumière de la manière dont le concept de contrat d’entreprise a évolué au cours du 20e siècle.
Stigmatizing beliefs: How leading patient medication education groups on an inpatient psychiatric unit impacts pharmacy learners
Authors: Hillman Ashley , Kennedy Lindsey , Garris Shauna , McLaughlin Jacqueline E. , Rhoney Denise H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Stigma is an important challenge facing patients with mental illness. Stigmatizing attitudes may impact the quantity and quality of care patients receive. Interaction with these patients may reduce stigmatizing attitudes in pharmacy learners. Patient medication education groups (PMEGs) provide learners with an opportunity for this interaction. The objectives of the study were to evaluate pharmacy learner's attitudes toward patients with mental illness and their comfort and ability to provide pharmaceutical services to this population before and after leading a PMEG on an adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit and to evaluate the feasibility of a larger, future trial.

Methods
Third- or fourth-year student pharmacists or first-year pharmacy residents observed a postgraduate year-2 (PGY2) pharmacy specialty resident in psychiatry leading PMEGs on the adolescent unit of an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Then, they discussed their own ideas for design and delivery of a group (with feedback from the PGY2 resident) and, under observation of the PGY2, led their own group. The study used a mixed-methods approach consisting of a presurvey and postsurvey learning experience survey as well as reflective statements. The presurvey consisted of 2 previously validated measures that evaluate stigma toward people with mental illness—the Social Distance Scale (SDS) and the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC). The postsurvey also consisted of the SDS and OMS-HC and included program evaluation questions that examined the learners' impression of patients with mental illness, their ability and comfort with providing pharmaceutical services to patients with mental illness, and their reflections on the experience.

Results
Seven pharmacy learners participated, and 5 completed both the prelearning and postlearning experience survey for a 71% response rate. There was a median decrease in stigmatizing beliefs of 1 point on the SDS, and a median 5-point drop in the OMS-HC scale. The postintervention questions yielded results primarily of strongly agree or agree with the statements evaluating the other objectives, and the reflection statements brought up the additional value of the educational intervention. Finally, the feasibility and value of a larger trial were confirmed.

Discussion
The value of pharmacy learners teaching PMEGs on stigmatizing beliefs toward patients with mental illness was confirmed. The effectiveness of a model of observing, designing, and delivering a PMEG was also postulated and will be further examined with a larger trial. Future research will also focus on examining the impact of this model on patient outcomes.
Hypoglycemia from a look-alike, sound-alike medication error
Authors: Milton Robin M. , Washington Nicole B. , Brahm Nancy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objective
To describe the effects of a look-alike, sound-alike medication error on the glycemic control and psychiatric well-being of a 23-year-old man.

Case Summary
A 23-year-old man presented to the university-based Integrated Multidisciplinary Program of Assertive Community Treatment (IMPACT) team with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder, most recent episode manic, and hypertension. The patient was prescribed chlorpromazine 100 mg daily to treat symptoms of psychosis and anxiety. The anxiety, however, persisted and escalated over the following 2 weeks. Upon physical examination of the patient's medications, it was discovered that the patient was inadvertently given chlorpropamide in place of the chlorpromazine. Evaluations, clinical presentation, the medication list, and criteria for an adverse drug event indicated a probable relationship (7 of 12) between the use of chlorpropamide and a hypoglycemic episode. The medication error was noted and corrective actions were taken. Within 1 week of the corrective actions, the patient's anxiety improved.

Discussion
When working with psychiatric patients, it is important to physically review all medications when expected responses are not achieved or when new psychiatric or physiological symptoms present. Approximately one-fourth of medication errors in the United States are drug name confusion errors. These errors must be universally addressed by all parties involved in the medication process. Effective safeguards are available and must be implemented by manufacturers, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and all health care professionals to prevent look-alike, sound-alike medication errors.
Evaporation variability under climate warming in five reanalyses and its association with pan evaporation over China
Authors: Su Tao , Feng Taichen , Feng Guolin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith the motivation to identify actual evapotranspiration (AE) variability under climate warming over China, an assessment is made from five sets of reanalysis data sets [National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP‐NCAR), NCEP‐Department of Energy (NCEP‐DOE), Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), Interim Reanalysis, and Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55)]. Based on comparison with AE estimates calculated using the Budyko equation, all five reanalysis data sets reasonably reproduce the spatial patterns of AE over China, with a clearly southeast‐northwest gradient. Overall, JRA‐55 (NCEP‐DOE) gives the lowest (highest) reanalysis evaporation (RE) values. From 1979 to 2013, dominant modes of RE among five reanalyses are extracted using multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. Accordingly, the interdecadal variation of RE is likely driven by the change of temperature, and the interannual variation is constrained by the water supply conditions. Under climate warming, RE increase in the Northwest China, Yangtze‐Huaihe river basin, and South China, while they decrease in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, and northern and Northeast China. Moreover, the relationship between RE and pan evaporation (PE) are comprehensively evaluated in space‐time. Negative correlations are generally confirmed in nonhumid environments, while positive correlations exist in the humid regions. Our analysis supports the interpretation that the relationship between PE and AE was complementary with water control and proportional with energy control. In view of data availability, important differences in spatial variability and the amount of RE can be found in Northwest China, the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, and the Yangtze River Basin. Generally speaking, NCEP‐NCAR and MERRA have substantial problems on describing the long‐term change of RE; however, there are some inaccuracies in the JRA‐55 estimates when focusing on the year‐to‐year variation.
Ocean nutrient pathways associated with the passage of a storm
Authors: Rumyantseva Anna , Lucas Natasha , Rippeth Tom , Martin Adrian , Painter Stuart C. , Boyd Timothy J. , Henson Stephanie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStorms that affect ocean surface layer dynamics and primary production are a frequent occurrence in the open North Atlantic Ocean. In this study we use an interdisciplinary data set collected in the region to quantify nutrient supply by two pathways associated with a storm event: entrainment of nutrients during a period of high wind forcing and subsequent shear spiking at the pycnocline due to interactions of storm‐generated inertial currents with wind. The poststorm increase in surface layer nitrate (by ~20 mmol m−2) was predominantly driven by the first pathway: nutrient intrusion during the storm. Alignment of poststorm inertial currents and surface wind stress caused shear instabilities at the ocean pycnocline, forming the second pathway for nutrient transport into the euphotic zone. During the alignment period, pulses of high‐turbulence nitrate flux through the pycnocline (up to 1 mmol m−2 d−1; approximately 25 times higher than the background flux) were detected. However, the impact of the poststorm supply was an order of magnitude lower than during the storm due to the short duration of the pulses. Cumulatively, the storm passage was equivalent to 2.5–5% of the nitrate supplied by winter convection and had a significant effect compared to previously reported (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the region. As storms occur frequently, they can form an important component in local nutrient budgets.
Sea‐air CO2 exchange in the western Arctic coastal ocean
Authors: Evans Wiley , Mathis Jeremy T. , Cross Jessica N. , Bates Nicholas R. , Frey Karen E. , Else Brent G. T. , Papkyriakou Tim N. , DeGrandpre Mike D. , Islam Fakhrul , Cai Wei‐Jun , Chen Baoshan , Yamamoto‐Kawai Michiyo , Carmack Eddy , Williams William. J. , Takahashi Taro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe biogeochemical seascape of the western Arctic coastal ocean is in rapid transition. Changes in sea ice cover will be accompanied by alterations in sea‐air carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, of which the latter has been difficult to constrain owing to sparse temporal and spatial data sets. Previous assessments of sea‐air CO2 flux have targeted specific subregional areas of the western Arctic coastal ocean. Here a holistic approach is taken to determine the net sea‐air CO2 flux over this broad region. We compiled and analyzed an extensive data set of nearly 600,000 surface seawater CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) measurements spanning 2003 through 2014. Using space‐time colocated, reconstructed atmospheric pCO2 values coupled with the seawater pCO2 data set, monthly climatologies of sea‐air pCO2 differences (ΔpCO2) were created on a 0.2° latitude × 0.5° longitude grid. Sea‐air CO2 fluxes were computed using the ΔpCO2 grid and gas transfer rates calculated from climatology of wind speed second moments. Fluxes were calculated with and without the presence of sea ice, treating sea ice as an imperfect barrier to gas exchange. This allowed for carbon uptake by the western Arctic coastal ocean to be assessed under existing and reduced sea ice cover conditions, in which carbon uptake increased 30% over the current 10.9 ± 5.7 Tg C (1 Tg = 1012 g) yr−1 of sea ice‐adjusted exchange in the region. This assessment extends beyond previous subregional estimates in the region in an all‐inclusive manner and points to key unresolved aspects that must be targeted by future research.