bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Corneal Epithelial Thickness Measurement Between Fourier-Domain OCT and Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Yap Timothy E. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine , Silverman Ronald H. 
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare measurements of corneal epithelial thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and very high-frequency digital ultrasound (VHFDU).

METHODS:
Retrospective analysis of 189 virgin corneas and 175 post-laser refractive surgery (LRS) corneas that had corneal epithelial thickness measurement with RTVue Fourier-domain OCT (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) (tear film included) and Artemis VHFDU (ArcScan Inc., Morrison, CO) (tear film excluded). Averages were calculated for the central 2-mm diameter zone and for two further concentric annuli of 1.5- and 0.5-mm width, each divided into eight sectors. Agreement was analyzed by mean difference (OCT – VHFDU), 95% limits of agreement (LoA) (1.96 standard deviation of the difference), and Bland–Altman analysis.

RESULTS:

In virgin epithelium, mean central thickness was 53.4 ± 3.20
µ
m (range: 46 to 62
µ
m) with OCT and 54.1 ± 2.96
µ
m (range: 48 to 61
µ
m) with VHFDU; OCT measured thinnest in 70% with a mean difference of −0.71
µ
m (95% LoA of ±3.94
µ
m,
P
< .001). In post-LRS epithelium, mean central thickness was 57.9 ± 6.08
µ
m (range: 42 to 77
µ
m) with OCT and 60.5 ± 6.47
µ
m (range: 42 to 79
µ
m) with VHFDU; OCT measured thinnest in 88%, with a mean difference of −2.48
µ
m (95% LoA of ±5.33
µ
m,
P
< .001). A larger difference between methods was more common with thicker epithelium.

CONCLUSIONS:

Corneal epithelial thickness measurements using OCT were found to be slightly thinner than for VHFDU. In contrast to VHFDU, OCT measurement includes the tear film, so the true difference is probably approximately 4
µ
m more than reported. The difference was greatest inferiorly and higher for post-LRS eyes and in thicker epithelium.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(7):438–445.]
Changes in Aqueous Humor pH After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Rossi Marco , Di Censo Fabio , Di Censo Matteo , Oum Muna Al 
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare aqueous humor pH values in patients during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with patients during conventional phacoemulsification.

METHODS:
A prospective clinical study was conducted in 29 eyes of 29 patients who underwent cataract surgery by a single surgeon. The femtosecond laser group included 15 eyes operated on with a femtosecond laser platform (Catalys; Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) and the phacoemulsification group included 14 eyes that were operated on with conventional phacoemulsification. The femtosecond laser group was subdivided into low, medium, and high level of cavitation gas bubbles after docking and the femtosecond laser procedure, according to the judgment of the surgeon. Aqueous humor samples (0.10 to 0.15 mL) were collected through a paracentesis from each patient after docking, corneal incisions, and nucleus fragmentation in the femtosecond laser group and after corneal incisions but before injection of viscoelastic in the phacoemulsification group, then analyzed with a pH meter.

RESULTS:

The mean pH was 6.53 ± 0.09 (range: 6.42 to 6.70) and 7.42 ± 0.07 (range: 7.28 to 7.48) in the femtosecond laser and phacoemulsification groups, respectively (
P
< .001). In the femtosecond laser group, no significant differences in pH were observed between the three subgroups after docking and the femtosecond laser surgical procedure: low (6.55 ± 0.09 [range: 6.53 to 6.57]), medium (6.54 ± 0.07 [range: 6.52 to 6.55]), and high (6.42 ± 0.00 [range: 6.40 to 6.44]) level of gas bubbles.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cavitation bubbles derived from the photodisruption process in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery lead to an acidic shift of the aqueous humor pH as a result of the transformation of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. The level of gas bubbles visible after the laser photodisruption does not seem to correlate with this pH shift. Further analysis of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery is necessary.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(7):462–465.]
Low Levels of IgM Antibodies against an Advanced Glycation Endproduct–Modified Apolipoprotein B100 Peptide Predict Cardiovascular Events in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Engelbertsen Daniel , Vallejo Jenifer , Quách Tâm Dan , Fredrikson Gunilla Nordin , Alm Ragnar , Hedblad Bo , Björkbacka Harry , Rothstein Thomas L. , Nilsson Jan , Bengtsson Eva 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Increased glucose levels are associated with the generation of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) modifications. Interaction between AGE-modified plaque components and immune cells is believed to have an important role in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is one type of reactive aldehyde that gives rise to AGE modification. The present study analyzed whether autoantibodies against MGO-modified epitopes of the low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B (apoB) 100 predict cardiovascular events. A library consisting of 302 peptides comprising the complete apoB100 molecule was screened to identify peptides targeted by MGO-specific autoantibodies. Peptide (p) 220 (apoB amino acids 3286-3305) was identified as a major target. Baseline IgM and IgG against MGO–peptide 220 (p220) were measured in 700 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. A total of 139 cardiovascular events were registered during the 15-y follow-up period. Controlling for major cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated that subjects in the lowest tertile of MGO-p220 IgM had an increased risk for cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.07 [1.22–3.50]; ptrend = 0.004). Interestingly, the association between MGO-p220 IgM and cardiovascular events remained and even tended to become stronger when subjects with prevalent diabetes were excluded from the analysis (2.51 [1.37-4.61]; ptrend = 0.002). MGO-p220 IgM was inversely associated with blood glucose, but not with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Finally, we demonstrate that anti-MGO-p220 IgM is produced by B1 cells. These data show that subjects with low levels of IgM recognizing MGO-modified p220 in apoB have an increased risk to develop cardiovascular events and that this association is present in nondiabetic subjects.
Soluble Collectin-12 (CL-12) Is a Pattern Recognition Molecule Initiating Complement Activation via the Alternative Pathway
Authors: Ma Ying Jie , Hein Estrid , Munthe-Fog Lea , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole , Bayarri-Olmos Rafael , Romani Luigina , Garred Peter 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Soluble defense collagens including the collectins play important roles in innate immunity. Recently, a new member of the collectin family named collectin-12 (CL-12 or CL-P1) has been identified. CL-12 is highly expressed in umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells as a transmembrane receptor and may recognize certain bacteria and fungi, leading to opsonophagocytosis. However, based on its structural and functional similarities with soluble collectins, we hypothesized the existence of a fluid-phase analog of CL-12 released from cells, which may function as a soluble pattern-recognition molecule. Using recombinant CL-12 full length or CL-12 extracellular domain, we determined the occurrence of soluble CL-12 shed from in vitro cultured cells. Western blot showed that soluble recombinant CL-12 migrated with a band corresponding to ∼120 kDa under reducing conditions, whereas under nonreducing conditions it presented multimeric assembly forms. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of human umbilical cord plasma enabled identification of a natural soluble form of CL-12 having an electrophoretic mobility pattern close to that of shed soluble recombinant CL-12. Soluble CL-12 could recognize Aspergillus fumigatus partially through the carbohydrate-recognition domain in a Ca2+-independent manner. This led to activation of the alternative pathway of complement exclusively via association with properdin on A. fumigatus as validated by detection of C3b deposition and formation of the terminal complement complex. These results demonstrate the existence of CL-12 in a soluble form and indicate a novel mechanism by which the alternative pathway of complement may be triggered directly by a soluble pattern-recognition molecule.
Functional Status Assessment of COPD Based on Ability to Perform Daily Living Activities: A Systematic Review of Paper and Pencil Instruments
Authors: Monjazebi Fateme , Dalvandi Asghar , Ebadi Abbas , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Rahgozar Mehdi , Richter Jörg 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>CONTEXT: </strong>Activity of daily living (ADL) is an important predictor of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Increasing ADL is important in patients with COPD and assessment of ADL is one of the best ways to evaluate the status of COPD patients.</p> <p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of paper and pencil instruments measuring ADL in patients with COPD.</p> <p><strong>DATA SOURCES:</strong> English papers published from 1980 to 2014 regarding ADL in patients with COPD were searched in Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL databases using the following keywords: “COPD”, “ADL”, “activities of daily living”, “daily activities”, “instrument”, “questionnaire”, “paper-and-pencil instruments”, and “measure”. Following the Internet search, manual search was also done to find article references.</p> <p><strong>STUDY SELECTION:</strong> A total of 186 articles were found. Of those, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Full texts of articles meeting the inclusion criteria were studied. Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments<strong>"</strong>(COSMIN) were used to assess the quality of the studies.</p> <p><strong>DATA EXTRACTION:</strong> Data extraction form based on research aims developed by researchers and<strong> </strong>psychometric experts, with 17 questions was used.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>In these articles, 14 pen and paper instruments were identified for examining ADL in patients with COPD; of which, 4 dealt directly with ADL while 9 assessed other criteria i.e. dyspnea as ADL indicator. The majority of instruments only dealt with two main dimensions of ADL: Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and did not consider Advanced Activities of Daily Living (AADL), which is influenced by cultural and motivational factors.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Despite several ADL instruments identified, complete psychometric processes have only been done in a few of them. Selection of the appropriate instrument should focus on the aim of the study and the target construct.</p>
Use of Cyclosporine Therapy in Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS): A Review
Authors: Shah Syed Raza , Altaf Areeba , Arshad Mohammad Hussham , Mari Anum , Noorani Sahir , Saeed Eraj , Mevawalla Areesh Amir , Haq Zaiyn Ul , Faquih Muhammad Ehsan 
Published: August 2015

<p>A chronic, progressive disorder Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS) accounts for 10-20% of all children with Nephrotic Syndrome. It is a heterogeneous disorder comprised of persistent edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Treatment for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is challenging and children who suffer from SRNS require aggressive treatment to achieve remission. Calcineurin inhibitors have been used more in an empirical manner than on the basis of clear rationale. It was in 1984 when cyclosporine was first considered for the treatment of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses immune response by downregulating the transcription of various cytokine genes. Till now many studies have been conducted to determine dosages, duration of therapy, side effects and advantages of cyclosporine. Treatment of SRNS remains a difﬁcult challenge in pediatric nephrology. Treatment should be individualized according to the underlying histopathology, and clinical and environmental conditions of the children. There is an urgent need to distinguish as soon as possible those patients who may beneﬁt from prolonged immunosuppressive treatment from those who will not beneﬁt from such treatment and who will just suffer from its major side effects. The emerging evidence that the majority of genetic forms of SRNS should receive symptomatic treatment only, should also be clinically tested and studies baring its significance should be evaluated in the future.</p>
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among non blood donor female health care professionals
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Haseeb Abdul , Zahid Ibrahim , Lashkerwala Sehan Siraj , Saeeduddin Fawad , Saad Muhammad , Arshad Mohammad Hussham , Moorpani Manpreet , Khan Midhat Zafar , Tariq Ahsan , Habib Haya , Islam Tehrema , Advani Rohan 
Published: August 2015

<p>Introduction<strong>: </strong>Blood donation is necessary in order to maintain an adequate supply of blood to patients who are suffering from any kind of disease or trauma, which requires them to have blood transfusion. Female non-blood donors are generally low in number.<strong> </strong>Therefore, this research was carried out to assess the main reasons behind the lack of blood donations made by females, and their knowledge, attitude and perceptions towards voluntary blood donation.</p> <p>Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 664 female health professionals, who were selected by non-probability convenience sampling from two tertiary care hospitals. A pretested questionnaire was presented to the sample population, and the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS (V17).</p> <p>Results: 94.6 % were aware with the fact that blood is screened for AIDS, Hepatitis B and C before transfusion. Moreover, 83.7% said that they will only donate blood if a family, relative or friend would need it and similarly 83.4% suggested that they would donate blood if blood donation camps are arranged in hospital premises. 81.8 % thought that blood donors can contract Hepatitis B after donation where as only 29.5% did not blood due already blood loss in menstrual cycle.<strong></strong></p> <p>Conclusion<strong>: </strong>The participants had adequate knowledge about the benefits of blood donation. The most important reason identified for not donating blood is the lack of facilities within the workplace or lack of approach by responsible authorities. The results of the study may help in minimizing the misconceptions of the participants about blood transfusion, which would increase their contribution towards blood donation.</p>
Analysis of vibration effects on holographic data storage system
Authors: Ishii Toshiki , Shimada Ken-ichi , Hoshizawa Taku , Takashima Yuzuru 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
It is crucial to understand the effects of random mechanical vibration on holographic data storage system, but such effects have not yet been formalized. Therefore, we developed a generalized formalization of vibration effects using a concept of time-averaged holography. Normalized intensity as a function of a statistical measure of vibration waveforms is simulated by simple harmonic oscillation, then normalized intensity is predicted well even for random vibration waveforms. Servo and mechanical systems will be designed solely by specifying the required signal level, which enables efficient product development.
Myxococcus
Authors: Reichenbach Hans 
Published: August 2015

Myx.o.coc' cus
. Gr. fem. n.
myxa
mucus, slime; Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
berry; M.L. masc. n.
Myxococcus
slime coccus.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Myxococcales / Myxococcaceae / Myxococcus
Vegetative cells are slender rods with tapering ends, either cigar‐shaped or slender and boat‐shaped, measuring about 0.8 × 3–6 µm. When typical, the fruiting bodies are soft, slimy globular masses, knobs, or heads, constricted at the base or on a slime stalk (but see comments on the family). Of the proteolytic–bacteriolytic nutritional type. Common organisms in soil, in freshwater, and on dung of herbivores. Readily obtained when rabbit, hare, or sheep droppings are incubated in a moist chamber at 30°C.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 68–71 (Mandel and Leadbetter, 1965), 67–68 (McCurdy and Wolf, 1967), 68–70 (Behrens et al., 1976), 65–67 (Yamanaka et al., 1987).

Type species
:
Myxococcus fulvus
(Cohn 1875) Jahn 1911, 198.
Aeromonas
Authors: Martin‐Carnahan Amy , Joseph Samuel W. 
Published: August 2015

Ae.ro.mo' nas. Gr. n.aerair, gas; Gr. n.monasunit, monad; M.L. fem. n.Aeromonasgas(‐producing) monad.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Aeromonadales / Aeromonadaceae / AeromonasCells straight, coccobacillary to bacillary with rounded ends, 0.3–1.0 × 1.0–3.5 µm. Occur singly, in pairs, or rarely in short chains. Gram negative.Most species are motile by a single, polar flagellumof 1.7 µm wavelength; peritrichous flagella may be formed on solid media in young cultures and lateral flagella occur in some species. Facultatively anaerobic. Chemoorganotrophic, displaying oxidative and fermentative metabolism ofD‐glucose. Acid and often acid with gas produced from many carbohydrates, especiallyD‐glucose. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. A variety of exoenzymes such as arylamidases, amylase, DNase, esterases, peptidases, and other hydrolytic enzymes are produced. Main cellular fatty acids are hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), hexadecenoic acid (C16:1), and octadecenoic acid (C18:1).Usually oxidase positive and catalase positive. Optimum growth temperature varies between 22°C and 37°C; growth temperature can range from 0 to 45°C, and some species do not grow at 35°C.Generally resistant to 150 μg of the vibriostatic agent 2,4 diamino‐6, 7‐diisopropylpteridine (0/129). Occur in fresh, brackish, tap, well, and chlorinated water, as well as biosolids and sewage. Some of the species have been associated with disease in a wide variety of warm‐blooded and cold‐blooded animals, including humans, domestic animals, frogs, fresh and salt water fish, and invertebrates. The phylogenetic position ofAeromonas, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, is in theGammaproteobacteria, with its closest relatives in the familiesVibrionaceaeandEnterobacteriaceae. 16S rDNA sequences (signature sequences) have been determined for nearly all validly named species and are deposited in GenBank, EMBL, or RDP databases (Table BXII.γ180).The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 57–63.Type species:Aeromonas hydrophila(Chester 1901) Stanier 1943, 213 (Bacillus hydrophilusChester 1901 , 235.)
Thiocystis
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. 
Published: August 2015

Thi.o.cys' tis. Gr. n.thiossulfur; Gr. n.cystisthe bladder, a bag; M.L. fem. n.Thiocystissulfur bag.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Chromatiales / Chromatiaceae / ThiocystisCells are rod shaped or ovoid to spherical, before cell division often diplococcus‐shaped,motile by flagella, occurring singly or in pairs; may grow in irregular aggregates surrounded by slime, multiply by binary fission. Gram negative, belong to theGammaproteobacteria, and contain internalphotosynthetic membranes of vesicular typein which the photosynthetic pigments bacteriochlorophyllaand carotenoids are located.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 61.3–67.9.Type species:Thiocystis violaceaWinogradsky 1888, 65.
Pectobacterium
Authors: Hauben Lysiane , Gijsegem Frederique Van , Swings Jean 
Published: August 2015

Pec.to.bac.te' ri.um. Gr. dim. neut. n.bakteriona small rod; M.L. neut. n.Pectobacteriuma pectolytic bacterium.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / PectobacteriumStraight rods, 0.5–1.0 × 1.0–3.0 µm, rounded ends; occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Fermentative. Facultatively anaerobic. Optimum growth temperature, 27–30°C; maximum temperature for growth is 40°C. Oxidase negative. Catalase positive. Acid is produced fromN‐acetyl‐glucosamine, fructose,D‐galactose,D‐glucose,D‐mannose,L‐rhamnose,D‐ribose, salicin, and sucrose but not from adonitol,L‐arabitol,D‐lyxose, α‐methylmannoside,L‐sorbose, starch, orD‐tagatose. Utilize acetate, arbutin, fructose, fumarate,D‐galactose,D‐glucose, glycerol, malate,D‐mannitol, mannose, β‐methylglucoside, ribose, salicin, succinate, and sucrose but not adipate, benzoate, betaine, butanol, gallate, methanol, oxalate, propionate, or sorbose as carbon and energy‐yielding sources. UtilizeL‐alanine, allantoin, γ‐aminobutanic acid, ammonium chloride, arginine, asparagine, asparaginic acid, citrulline, glucosamine, glutamine,L‐glutaminic acid, glutathione, glycine, glycylglycine, histidine, leucine,L‐methionine, phenylalanine,L‐serine,L‐tryptophan, tyrosine, and urea, but not anthranilic acid, betaine, choline, cysteamine, hydroxyproline, kynureninic acid, quinolinic acid, sarcosine, spermidine, spermine, trigonelline, or trimethylammonium as nitrogen sources. No decarboxylases are formed for arginine, lysine or ornithine. Do not possess tryptophan deaminase or urease.Hydrolyze esculin but not starch.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 50.5–56.1.Type species:Pectobacterium carotovorum(Jones 1901) Waldee 1945, 469 emend. Hauben, Moore, Vauterin, Steenackers, Mergaert, Verdonck and Swings 1999a, 1 (Erwinia carotovora(Jones 1901) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1923, 171;Bacillus carotovorusJones 1901, 12.)
Providencia
Authors: Penner John L. 
Published: August 2015

Pro.vi.den' ci.a. M.L. fem. n.ProvidenciaProvidencia, named after the city of Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / ProvidenciaStraight rods, 0.6–0.8 × 1.5–2.5 µm, conforming to the general definition of the familyEnterobacteriaceae. Gram negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella. They arefacultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, havingboth a respiratory and a fermentative type metabolism. Optimal growth temperature is 37°C.Oxidatively deaminate phenylalanine and tryptophan. Acid is produced fromD‐mannose. All exceptProvidencia rustigianiiproduce acid from one or more of the following polyhydric alcohols: inositol,D‐mannitol, adonitol,D‐arabitol, and erythritol. Except forProvidencia heimbachaeall are indole positive. Tartrate (Jordan) is utilized by all but a few strains ofP. heimbachae. Simmons citrate is utilized by all species exceptP. heimbachaeand some strains ofP. rustigianii. Isolated from diarrhetic stools, urinary tract infections, wounds, burns, bacteremias, and contaminated environmental sources. DNA relatedness tests have shown thatProvidenciaare more closely related toProteus vulgarisandProteus mirabilisthan to other members of the familyEnterobacteriaceae. Although 16S RNA sequence data are not available for theProvidenciaspecies, the close relationship ofProvidenciatoProteusindicates thatProvidencia, likeProteus, belongs to theGammaproteobacteriawithin the familyEnterobacteriaceae.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 39–42 (Falkow et al., 1962).Type species:Providencia alcalifaciens(de Salles Gomes 1944) Ewing 1962, 96 (Eberthella alcalifaciensde Salles Gomes 1944, 183;Proteus inconstans(Ornstein 1921) Shaw and Clarke 1955, 155.)