bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cost-benefit model comparing the California Milk Cell Test and Milk Electrical Resistance Test
Authors: Petzer Inge-Marie , Karzis Joanne , Meyer Isabel A. , Van der Schans Theodorus J. 
Published: April 2013

The indirect effects of mastitis treatment are often overlooked in cost-benefit analyses, but it may be beneficial for the dairy industry to consider them. The cost of mastitis treatment may increase when the duration of intra-mammary infections are prolonged due to misdiagnosis of host-adapted mastitis. Laboratory diagnosis of mastitis can be costly and time consuming, therefore cow-side tests such as the California Milk Cell Test (CMCT) and Milk Electrical Resistance (MER) need to be utilised to their full potential. The aim of this study was to determine the relative benefit of using these two tests separately and in parallel. This was done using a partial-budget analysis and a cost-benefit model to estimate the benefits and costs of each respective test and the parallel combination thereof. Quarter milk samples (n= 1860) were taken from eight different dairy herds in South Africa. Milk samples were evaluated by means of the CMCT, hand-held MER meter and cyto-microbiological laboratory analysis. After determining the most appropriate cut-off points for the two cow-side tests, the sensitivity and specificity of the CMCT (Se= 1.00, Sp= 0.66), MER (Se= 0.92, Sp= 0.62) and the tests done in parallel (Se= 1.00, Sp= 0.87) were calculated. The input data that were used for partial-budget analysis and in the cost-benefit model were based on South African figures at the time of the study, and on literature. The total estimated financial benefit of correct diagnosis of host-adapted mastitis per cow for the CMCT, MER and the tests done in parallel was R898.73, R518.70 and R1064.67 respectively. This involved taking the expected benefit of a correct test result per cow, the expected cost of an error per cow and the cost of the test into account. The CMCT was shown to be 11%more beneficial than the MER test, whilst using the tests in parallel was shown to be the most beneficial method for evaluating the mastitis-control programme. Therefore, it is recommended that the combined tests should be used strategically in practice to monitor udder health and promote a pro-active udder health approach when dealing with host-adapted pathogens.
Pantallas para ver el mundo. Estereotipación televisiva de la población indígena mexicana y generación de prejuicio
Authors: Muñiz Carlos , Saldierna Alma Rosa , De Jesús Marañón Felipe , Rodríguez Alba Belinda 
Published: April 2013

Los estereotipos son creencias estructuradas socialmente sobre un grupo social concreto, que pueden derivar del contacto directo o indirecto con miembros de ese grupo. En este sentido, se ha planteado que los medios de comunicación pueden generar un proceso de estereotipación que conlleva la activación de estereotipos que impactan en actitudes más o menos prejuiciosas. Objetivos. El estudio busca estudiar si este proceso se produce con respecto a la población indígena mexicana, en el contexto de la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases: en la primera se analizó mediante un análisis de contenido los estereotipos mediáticos de los indígenas en los programas de ficción de la televisión; en la segunda se evaluó mediante una encuesta la relación entre las creencias y la actitud prejuiciosa demostrada hacia la población indígena por los estudiantes de bachillerato de la zona metropolitana de Monterrey. Conclusiones. Los resultados reflejan el impacto del consumo y de los estereotipos sobre el nivel de prejuicio mantenido, pero no así un proceso de estereotipación.
A Comment on “Self-Consumption in Wrongful Death Cases: Decedent or Family Income?”
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In a recent article in the Journal of Forensic Economics, Michael L. Brookshire and Frank L. Slesnick presented their analysis of the husband or wife decedent self-consumption literature. This comment presents two counter-arguments to their self-consumption methodology which renders their preference to the family income approach inconclusive. I first review the Brookshire and Slesnick make-whole damages doctrine and then I discuss the problems with forecasting household income.
A Reply to “A Comment on Self-Consumption in Wrongful Death Cases: Decedent or Family Income?”
Authors: Brookshire Michael L. , Slesnick Frank L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This Reply responds to a comment made to our article titled “Self-consumption in Wrongful Death Cases: Decedent or Family Income?” published recently in the Journal of Forensic Economics 2009. The Comment's two main points are that our definition of the “make-whole” doctrine is not exclusive and the forensic economic literature is not able as yet to forecast total household income. It is our contention that the first point is simply incorrect and that the second point, although containing some validity, does not justify using a method of calculating economic loss just because the forensic economist will find it difficult to forecast the earnings of two individuals rather than one individual.
Can Statements of Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Make a Difference? The Results of a NAFE Survey
Authors: Ward John O. , Thornton Robert J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In September 2011 the authors conducted a survey of the membership of NAFE on their attitudes regarding the NAFE Statement of Ethical Principles and Principles of Professional Practice (SEP/PPP) adopted by NAFE as a condition of membership. More specifically, the questionnaire was designed to ascertain the extent to which ethical problems have been encountered in the practice of forensic economics and the influence that NAFE's SEP/PPP has had in mitigating the problems. This article presents a complete summary of the results of that survey.
Professional Economic Ethics: The Posnerian and Naïve Perspectives
Authors: DeMartino George 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
There are two broad ways to think about the nature and purpose of professional economic ethics. The first (The Posnerian View), which comes most readily to mind for economists, is ethical legislation that is intended to prohibit illicit or otherwise inappropriate behavior by the members of a profession. The goal is to prevent bad or weak-willed professionals from doing bad things. In this way of thinking, professional ethics must take the form of a binding code of conduct that spells out the “do's” and “don'ts” of professional practice. A second view, the Naïve View, argues that professional ethics is something other than a code of conduct. In this view, professional ethics seeks to enable virtuous practitioners to do good. This view presents an expansive view of professional ethics—as a tradition of careful inquiry into the full range of ethical issues that arise in the context of professional practice.
This paper elaborates the central assumptions and claims of these two perspectives on professional ethics, and explores what these two perspectives imply about the content of and prospects for professional economic ethics. The paper criticizes the Posnerian View, advocates the Naïve View, and teases out what the latter perspective implies for the economics profession.
2012 Survey of Forensic Economists: Their Methods, Estimates, and Perspectives
Authors: Slesnick Frank L. , Luthy Michael R. , Brookshire Michael L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In January 2012, 583 e-mail invitations to complete an electronic survey were sent to National Association of Forensic Economics (NAFE) members, with libraries and attorneys excluded. The return rate was 32.42%, which is almost 9 percentage points higher than the last paper survey in 2003. The survey covered many of the major topics included in earlier surveys, such as values of important economic variables (e.g., discount rates), trends in the practice of forensic economics (e.g., personal sources of earnings), and open-ended questions concerning ethics and reactions to the survey instrument. There were several new questions. Very few respondents have estimated damages in such categories as pain and suffering, companionship, and guidance; few add agency fees to household services estimates; and it is uncommon for respondents to estimate worklife expectancy differently for self-employed persons versus employees.
ECMO-Assisted Esophagectomy after Left Pneumonectomy
Authors: Xu Hai Chao , Ye Peng , Bao Fei Chao , Pan Hui , Yang Yun Hai , Wang Lu Ming , Wang Zhi Tian , Li Zhou Bin , He Zhe Hao , Han Wei Li , Wang Yong Qing , Hu Jian 
Published: April 2013

Background Esophagectomy after pneumonectomy has been rarely reported, mainly due to the technical difficulty in performing this surgical approach. Conventional intubation to the contralateral respiratory passage is technically challenging, while the homolateral respiratory tract is absent, making oxygenation impossible. Methods To overcome this problem, we used venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) which can help achieve gas exchange despite the collapsed lung and provide a clear unobstructed surgical field for esophagectomy. Results We obtained satisfactory outcomes with VA ECMO in our treated patient. Conclusions This technique may be an excellent option for the treatment of complex situations such as esophagectomy after pneumonectomy.
Coital frequency and condom use in monogamous and concurrent sexual relationships in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Delva Wim , Meng Fei , Beauclair Roxanne , Deprez Nele , Temmerman Marleen , Welte Alex , Hens Niel 
Published: April 2013

IntroductionA decreased frequency of unprotected sex during episodes of concurrent relationships may dramatically reduce the role of concurrency in accelerating the spread of HIV. Such a decrease could be the result of coital dilution – the reduction in per‐partner coital frequency from additional partners – and/or increased condom use during concurrency. To study the effect of concurrency on the frequency of unprotected sex, we examined sexual behaviour data from three communities with high HIV prevalence around Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey from June 2011 to February 2012 using audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing to reconstruct one‐year sexual histories, with a focus on coital frequency and condom use. Participants were randomly sampled from a previous TB and HIV prevalence survey. Mixed effects logistic and Poisson regression models were fitted to data from 527 sexually active adults reporting on 1210 relationship episodes to evaluate the effect of concurrency status on consistent condom use and coital frequency.ResultsThe median of the per‐partner weekly average coital frequency was 2 (IQR: 1–3), and consistent condom use was reported for 36% of the relationship episodes. Neither per‐partner coital frequency nor consistent condom use changed significantly during episodes of concurrency (aIRR=1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.24 and aOR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.38–2.68, respectively). Being male, coloured, having a tertiary education, and having a relationship between 2 weeks and 9 months were associated with higher coital frequencies. Being coloured, and having a relationship lasting for more than 9 months, was associated with inconsistent condom use.ConclusionsWe found no evidence for coital dilution or for increased condom use during concurrent relationship episodes in three communities around Cape Town with high HIV prevalence. Given the low levels of self‐reported consistent condom use, our findings suggest that if the frequency of unprotected sex with each of the sexual partners is sustained during concurrent relationships, HIV‐positive individuals with concurrent partners may disproportionately contribute to onward HIV transmission.
An Efficient Neuro‐Dynamic Network for Constructing the Pareto Front of Convex Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Abkhizi M. , Ghaznavi M. , Noori Skandari M. H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article introduces an effective neural network model for addressing convex multiobjective optimization problems, developed using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions for multiobjective optimization problems. The proposed model is shown to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov and globally convergent to efficient solutions of the original problem. Additionally, a novel algorithm is presented to achieve a uniform approximation of the Pareto frontier. The approach's validity and effectiveness are demonstrated through experimental multiobjective problems. For a thorough comparison with other methods, four metrics including purity, uniformity, coverage, and spacing indicators are used, focusing on the positioning of the non‐dominated points. Extensive numerical tests highlight the proposed algorithm's substantial advantages.
Computer‐Aided Design of Integrated Digital Strain Sensors for Hardware‐Based Recognition and Quantification of Human Movements
Authors: Gasvoda Hudson , Li Mengchu , Pader Andrea , Altay Rana , Cmager Nick , Pandey Tripti , Tseng Tsun‐Ming , Araci Ismail Emre 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn integrated strain sensor system that has a unique response to a specific (set of) human movement(s) has the potential to impact various musculoskeletal health tracking applications akin to the step counter's impact on physical activity tracking. It is determined that an open circuit state of a sensor can be used as such a unique response. With this consideration, a digital strain sensor (DigSS) that exhibits a binary (i.e., ON/OFF) response when a threshold strain level is exceeded is developed. The channel geometry dependence of the corner flow in capillaric strain sensors (CSS) resulting in an electrofluidic switch is used. It is demonstrated that through the coalescence and breakup of a liquid meniscus, DigSS operates for hundreds of cycles with a strain limit of detection of 0.0026. To facilitate integration, a linear optimization‐based computer‐aided design tool for the integrated DigSS (iDigSS) is created. Experimental validation shows that the iDigSS distinguishes a target strain‐field profile from 35 of 36 theoretically distinguishable profiles without requiring signal processing. Human subject trials demonstrate the system's ability to differentiate a specific shoulder movement from five others and to wirelessly record wrist extension counts and durations.
How Competitive Is Myanmar's Rice Sector? A Comparison of Production Costs and Efficiency
Authors: Chan Nandar Aye , Sariyev Orkhan , Islam Mohammad Ariful , Zeller Manfred 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the cost competitiveness of rice production in Myanmar by examining production costs, cost efficiency, and the potential effect of improving cost efficiency on the country's global competitiveness. To achieve this, we conduct a comparative analysis of production costs among major rice‐producing countries and estimate the cost efficiency of rice farming in Myanmar using a stochastic frontier cost function model. Subsequently, we examine how cost efficiency affects domestic resource costs (DRC), a key indicator of global competitiveness in rice production, by addressing the endogeneity issue that prior research has not dealt with. We also consider seasonal variations across both the dry and wet seasons in Myanmar, an aspect often overlooked in previous research. Our findings reveal that Myanmar ranks as the second least expensive rice‐producing country among selected Asian countries. The mean cost efficiencies are 89% and 86% for the dry and wet seasons, respectively, indicating high cost efficiency during these seasons. Both dry and wet seasons of rice production demonstrate a comparative advantage, with DRC values of 0.31 and 0.54, respectively. The results also show that cost efficiency positively contributes to global competitiveness in both seasons, implying that the global competitiveness of Myanmar's rice sector can increase by improving cost efficiency. Therefore, policy interventions aimed at developing demand‐driven high‐yield potential with stress‐tolerant rice varieties, promoting the utilization of quality seed, and providing more extensive training on input management practices and educational programs are recommended to enhance cost efficiency, which can further strengthen the country's competitiveness in the global rice market.
Blunted Blood Pressure Dipping During Night Shift Work: Does It Matter? Can We Intervene?
Authors: Patterson P. Daniel , Hostler David , Muldoon Matthew F. , Buysse Daniel J. , Reis Steven E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of adult death in the United States. Numerous studies show that night shift workers face a disproportionately higher risk of CVD compared to non‐shift workers. Despite these data, the scientific and medical communities have not identified the physiological mechanisms that contribute to increased CVD risks for night shift workers. We propose that repetitive exposure to blunted blood pressure (BP) dipping associated with sleep loss during night shift work is an important, clinically meaningful, understudied, and modifiable contributor to increased risk of CVD. Blunted BP dipping occurs when BP fails to decrease or “dip” 10%−20% during nighttime hours (typically while sleeping) relative to daytime hours (typically while awake). Blunted BP dipping is widely considered a clinically meaningful indicator of poor cardiovascular health. Previous research suggests it is a common consequence of night shift work and occurs during sleep before and immediately after night shifts. Relatively few studies of shift work and CVD have focused on blunted BP dipping as a mechanism of CVD risk. Recent experimental research shows that restoration of normal BP patterns—during night shift work—is achievable with strategic napping and may reduce the risk of CVD. We present a series of important mechanistic‐related questions and next steps for future research focused on blunted BP dipping and night shift work.
Research Priorities of Individuals and Families With Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies
Authors: Carl Alexandra , Bothwell Samantha , Farah Fathia , Swenson Karli , Hong David , Prakash Siddharth , Strang John , Tartaglia Nicole , Raznahan Armin , Ross Judith ,   INSIGHTS Consortium,   GALAXY Consortium, Davis Shanlee 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are chromosomal variations that result from an atypical number of X and/or Y chromosomes. Combined, SCAs affect ~1/400 live births, including individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), Turner syndrome (45, X and variants), Double Y syndrome (47, XYY), Trisomy X (47, XXX), and rarer tetrasomies and pentasomies. Individuals with SCAs experience a wide variety of physical health, mental health, and healthcare experiences that differ from the standard population. To understand the priorities of the SCA community we surveyed participants in two large SCA registries, the Inspiring New Science in Guiding Healthcare in Turner Syndrome (INSIGHTS) Registry and the Generating Advancements in Longitudinal Analysis in X and Y Variations (GALAXY) Registry. 303/629 (48.1% response rate) individuals from 13 sites across the United States responded to the survey, including 251 caregivers and 52 self‐advocates, with a range of ages from 3 weeks to 73 years old, and representation from all SCA groups (Turner syndrome, XXX, XXY, XYY, XXYY, and combined rare tetrasomies and pentasomies). Results demonstrate the priorities for physical health and emotional/behavioral health identified by the SCA community, as well as preferred types of research. All SCA subtypes indicated intervention studies as the top priority, emphasizing the need for researchers to focus on clinical treatments in response to priorities of the SCA community.
Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation to Ethylene with High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Dou Cong , Huang Yanmei , Zhao Bohang , Lei Weiwei , Zhang Bin , Yu Yifu 
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalytic acetylene semi‐hydrogenation (EASH) provides a petroleum‐independent strategy for ethylene production. However, the challenges of high overpotentials and strong hydrogen evolution competition reaction over conventional electrocatalysts at industrial current densities result in substantial energy consumption, limiting the practical application of EASH technology. Herein, zinc‐doped copper catalysts are designed and prepared via a facile impregnation and electroreduction relay method. The as‐prepared Cu‐2.7Zn catalyst exhibits an ethylene partial current density of −0.29 A cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 96% and a reaction potential of −0.62 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), surpassing the previously reported electrocatalysts. The combined results of experimental tests and theoretical calculations demonstrate zinc doping significantly enhances acetylene adsorption and accelerates reaction kinetics, leading to a notable decrease in overpotential. Furthermore, the increased *H‐*H binding energy barrier and the improved ethylene desorption on Cu‐2.7Zn effectively suppress hydrogen evolution and acetylene over‐hydrogenation, contributing to the enhancement of ethylene Faradaic efficiency.
Metabolism‐inspired chemical reaction networks for chemically driven dissipative oligoesterification
Authors: Lim Yeonsoo , Park Gyunam , An Hojin , Han Jonghwa , Bae Joonhyun , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Lee Yan , Kang Kyungtae , Sung Jaeyoung , Kwon Sunbum 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetabolism is a complex network of chemical reactions in which transient biomolecules are continuously produced and degraded. Mimicking this dynamic process in synthetic systems poses a considerable challenge, as it requires designs that enable the exchange of energy and matter among transient molecules. In this study, we explored a chemically driven oligoesterification process operating within a highly intricate reaction network and constructed a dynamic library of transient oligoesters. Our kinetic analysis uncovered an intriguing phenomenon: oligoesters undergo parasitic exchanges, consuming one another to sustain the system's dynamics before reaching thermodynamic equilibrium. This discovery opens new opportunities for designing synthetic systems that replicate the complexity and self‐sustaining behavior of metabolic processes.
Investigation of PEO/HEC Composite Fiber Fabrication and Liquid‐Wall Slip Behavior in Rotary Force Spinning
Authors: Ma Jianwei , Wang Yi , Chen Zhen , Zhang Zhiming , Ji Qiaoling 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComposite fibers are widely applied in biomedical, renewable energy, and environmental fields. Currently, their fabrication methods are a key area of research. As an emerging technology, rotary force spinning shows great potential for composite fiber production. This paper proposes the liquid‐wall slip phenomenon of polymer solution in the nozzle during rotary force spinning. A parameter model of the nozzle is established to analyze the motion of the polymer solution and the factors influencing its liquid‐wall slip. Finally, polyoxyethylene (PEO)/hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) composite fibers are prepared under conditions of 900–2500 rpm, 6 wt.% PEO solution concentration, 3, 4, and 5 wt.% HEC solution concentration, and nozzle diameters of 26G, 27G, 28G, and 29G. Rheometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are employed to analyze the rheology of PEO and HEC solutions, as well as the morphology of the composite fibers, to verify the impact of liquid‐wall slip on fiber formation. Furthermore, the optimal parameter range for preparing PEO/HEC composite fibers using rotary force spinning is identified. This study provides theoretical and empirical support for the preparation of high‐quality composite fibers using rotary force spinning.