bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1103. Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Raistrick Reinhild , Sayers Brendan , Calevo Jacopo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryDactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchid) is illustrated here. It is a widespread European and termperate Asian species. A detailed description is provided, with notes on habitat. Given its wide distribution and the diverse range of habitats where it occurs, its conservation status is Least Concern in Europe. It is less amenable to cultivation than some other Dactylorhiza species, and it should be regarded as a plant to be grown by specialists.
A collaborative approach to develop indigenous specific parenting education
Authors: Heaney Kristine , Bergevin Danielle , Kelly Chelsea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiscrimination against Indigenous peoples is ongoing and perpetuated by systemic structures such as Eurocentric educational systems that often require learners to suppress their Indigeneity and conform to the dominant culture. Previous attempts at incorporating Indigenous cultures and values into education have often perpetuated harmful and negative stereotypes to the detriment of Indigenous learners. Parenting education courses for separating or divorcing parents are designed to support emotional wellbeing and promote positive co‐parenting relationships. While it is widely known that Indigenous worldviews vary from Western worldviews, there is little research on parenting education courses for Indigenous families and few culturally responsive programs designed for non‐dominant cultures or offered in other languages. Walking in two worlds is a reality for Indigenous peoples; needing to conform to the dominant systems in society while also honoring their teachings and ways of being. This article describes how a parenting education course for Indigenous families was created by employing the principle of collaboration with full involvement of all participants resulting in a course that bridges the gap between two different worldviews.
Can online parent education meet the needs of the courts and improve the well‐being of children? The critical roles of goal, program, and evidence alignment
Authors: O'Hara Karey L. , Hollis Joi , Sandler Irwin N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParent education in family courts can significantly impact children's well‐being after divorce if programs are (1) widely accessible, (2) acceptable to parents, (3) feasible to implement by courts, and (4) have evidence of effectiveness in improving key outcomes for children. In light of recently raised concerns about whether court‐ordered/court‐mandated parent education is justified, to it is critical to identify effective parent education programs. Online parent education programs have the potential to be widely accessible, acceptable to parents and courts, and effectively promote children's well‐being. However, few effective online parent education programs are being widely adopted by family courts. There is some controversy about whether online parent education meets the needs of family courts in being cost‐effective programs that offer ways to hold parents accountable for their participation. We articulate the wide array of goals for parent education programs and present a framework to identify and select programs that meet specific goals. We discuss access, cost, evidence of effectiveness, acceptability, credibility, and compliance tracking. We highlight two online parent education programs to illustrate differences in contexts and goals and to show that online programs have great potential to be effective in accomplishing goals valued by the courts.
Effects of Semi‐Film and Full‐Film Mulching on Soybean Growth, Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Grain Yield
Authors: Wen Shuyue , Dang Pengfei , Li Dexiao , Qin Xiaoliang , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean film mulching has shown promise in maintaining consistent and high yields in semi‐arid regions. However, the specific impacts of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soybean growth, root nodule traits and grain yield are poorly understood. This 2‐year study (2021–2022) investigates the effects of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soil moisture, soybean growth and yield. Our findings revealed that semi‐film mulching increased soybean yield by 18.12% compared to full‐film mulching, averaged across 2 years. Furthermore, the semi‐film treatment significantly enhanced biological nitrogen fixation ability, increasing root nodule numbers by 24.81%–33.43%, compared to full‐film mulching. This improvement also positively affected soybean quality, with crude protein content increasing by 5.89% in 2021 and 4.14% in 2022 compared to full‐filming. Moreover, semi‐film mulching helped maintain soil moisture and temperature during later soybean growth stages. There findings suggest that semi‐film mulching is a viable agricultural strategy for soybean cultivation in semi‐arid regions, improving soybean quality and efficiency while promoting environmental sustainability.
Dynamics of class and labour: Evidence from a longitudinal study in Rajasthan (India)
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the Gang Canal region of Rajasthan, the cropping pattern changed from a labour intensive crop, cotton, to a mechanized crop, cluster beans. The shift in cropping pattern not only displaced workers from farm wage work but also brought changes in labour hiring contracts with large scale conversion of daily wage rate contracts to piece‐rate contracts. Drawing on a primary survey in a village from Gang Canal region, the paper examines the change in the agrarian relations in rural Rajasthan by analysing the emerging development in the rural labour relations. For piece‐rate work in farm wage work in some parts of Rajasthan, the wage rate is unilaterally decided by the landlords and large capitalist farmers and is denoted as the ‘village rate’. The manual workers have negligible bargaining power vis‐à‐vis the village rate. The conversion of daily wage rate contracts to piece‐rate contracts has enhanced the duration of working day that involves a rise in the rate of surplus value. Access and availability of low wage labour facilitates the accumulation of capital. With the limited availability of employment in the non‐farm sector (in both public and private sectors), workers are compelled to sell their labour power at wages that do not exceed the level of subsistence. The paper concludes with a brief examination of continuum of coercion and varied degree of unfreedom among worker in the village.
Role of DNA damage response in cyclophosphamide‐induced premature ovarian failure in mice
Authors: Song Yi , Guo Zhong , Song Lei , Ma Jian‐xiu , Ma Yan‐qing , Shang Li‐na , Meng Ya‐ping , Fan Zi‐qi , Hao Ming‐hui , Zhao Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the DNA damage response (DDR) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced mouse model of premature ovarian failure (POF).MethodsThe POF model was established by injecting mice with CTX. The body, ovarian weights, the estrus cycle, and pathological changes of the ovaries were recorded. The serum levels of 17 β‐estradiol (E2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The expression of Ki67, β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM in ovarian tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of primary cultured granulosa cells (GCs).ResultsThe body and ovarian weights decreased, the estrus cycles were erratic, and the FSH level increased, whereas the E2 level decreased in POF mice compared to controls. The pathological consequences of POF revealed an increase in atretic follicles, corpus luteum, and primordial follicles and a decrease in the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Ki67 expression was reduced, β‐gal, p21, p53, γH2AX, and pATM expression were elevated in the ovaries of POF mice. The expression of β‐gal, γH2AX, and pATM increased in GCs with the concentration in a time‐dependent manner.ConclusionIn total, CTX induced POF in mice, which was mediated by the DDR pathway of ATM‐P53‐P21.
Language proficiency and ethnic‐racial orientation among Latine mother–adolescent dyads
Authors: Givens Tahjanee , Lobo Frances M. , Kiang Lisa , Stein Gabriela L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLanguage proficiencies have implications for how parents and children can communicate effectively and how culture and heritage can be transferred across generations. Previous research has sought to understand the relationship between parent language (mainstream, heritage) proficiencies and the ethnic‐racial orientation of their children, though prior studies have not investigated the relationship between child language proficiencies and parent ethnic‐racial orientation. This study examined the actor–partner effects of Latine mother–child dyads (N = 175; youth mean age = 12.86 years) regarding their proficiencies in English and Spanish and their Latine and White orientations. Our results revealed that youth Spanish language proficiency was positively linked to youth White orientation, and youth English proficiency was also positively associated with youth White orientation but only in instances when youth‐reported acculturation conflict was lower or average. There were two partner effects observed, with youth English proficiency positively relating to mother's White orientation and mothers' Spanish proficiency being negatively related to youth White orientation. Regarding Latine orientation, both English and Spanish were positively related to greater Latine orientation for both mothers and their children. However, at higher levels of mother‐reported acculturation conflict, higher mother English proficiency was related to lower youth Latine orientation. Overall, language proficiencies for Latine mothers and their children contribute to the development of bicultural orientations, though varying degrees of acculturation conflict can have differential impacts on these linkages.
Effect of rainfall, temperature and climate change on the ecology of the rodents of arid zones: a review
Authors: Ventura‐Rojas Perla D. , González‐Romero Alberto , Moreno Claudia E. , Sosa Vinicio J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rodents are one of the most abundant and diverse groups of mammals in arid zones. Their population and community dynamics are closely linked to climatic factors and pulses of primary productivity activation. In the future, climatic conditions in arid ecosystems could become more extreme as a consequence of climate change, which could affect the species that inhabit these regions.

In this paper, we review the literature on the ecological response of rodents in the world's arid zones, at the population and community levels, to climatological factors (temperature and precipitation), climatic events and the possible impact of climate change.

We used the PRISMA protocol to systematically search the literature, and the “vote‐counting” method to count positive, null or negative responses of the rodents.

At the population level, rodent density and abundance responded positively to precipitation, while biomass responded negatively and reproduction responded positively to increasing temperature. At the community level, rodent density, biomass and diversity increased after rainfall. El Niño events were positively related to rodent population increases. In contrast, intense storms affected the survival of some species.

Rodents with physiological adaptations suited to living in arid areas, for example, the heteromyids, responded positively to precipitation and could suffer fewer negative ecological consequences in the future when exposed to increased temperature and changes in precipitation.
Optical flow matching with automatically correcting the scale difference of tunnel parallel photogrammetry
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Bohao , He Xiufeng , Yu Pengfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing parallel photography to model tunnels is an efficient method for real scene modelling. Aiming at the problem that the accuracy of optical flow matching in tunnel parallel photography sequence photos is severely affected by the scale deformation of stereo images, a novel optical flow matching method with automatically correcting the scale difference of tunnel parallel photography stereo images is proposed from the perspective of imaging relationships. By analysing the distribution pattern of scale difference in stereo images, a model is obtained in which the scale difference of image points is symmetrically distributed radially on the image and follows a power function growth. Introduce it into traditional optical flow matching to correct image scale differences based on the model to improve matching accuracy. The mean square error of the optical flow matching after correcting scale difference in the experiment is less than 0.3 pixels, which is at least 34.3% higher than before correction and a maximum improvement of 45.5% in the experimental results. The research result indicates that the proposed optical flow matching method with automatically correcting the scale difference has a significant effect on improving the accuracy of tunnel parallel photography image matching and modelling.
In pursuit of statehood: An exploration of the contentious repertoires of Biafran separatists in Nigeria
Authors: Ejiofor Promise Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince Nigeria’s return to democratic governance in 1999, there have been renewed calls―predominantly amongst ethnic Igbos in southeast Nigeria―for the restoration of the defunct secessionist state of Biafra. The resurgent Biafran separatism has been explored through the prisms of relative marginalisation and material deprivation. However, some scholars have drifted away from dominant discussions on the rationale behind the re‐emergence of the secessionist agitations and instead focused on the myriad media that Biafran separatist movements utilise to make claims of self‐determination for Igbos. These scholars―typically linguists―invariably explore online activism by resorting to meticulous analysis of the discourses of pro‐Biafra separatists on the Internet. Whilst such robust discourse analyses of separatists’ speeches shed light on the discursive dynamics of Biafran separatism in contemporary Nigeria, they do not underscore the varied repertoires of collective action of Biafran separatists beyond Internet activism. This article fills this gap in the scholarly literature on resurgent Biafran separatism in democratic Nigeria. Drawing on the American sociologist Charles Tilly’s analytical framework of contentious contention and focusing on the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)―a transnational separatist movement―I argue that the various online and offline activities of Biafran separatists in the southeastern region be construed as repertoires of contention geared toward contesting the sovereignty of the Nigerian state in order to restore the short‐lived secessionist Biafran state.
Changes in brain functional connectivity and muscle strength independent of elbow flexor atrophy following upper limb immobilization in young females
Authors: Seo Freddie , Clouette Julien , Huang Yijia , Potvin‐Desrochers Alexandra , Lajeunesse Henri , Parent‐L'Ecuyer Frédérike , Traversa Claire , Paquette Caroline , Churchward‐Venne Tyler A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMuscle disuse induces a decline in muscle strength that exceeds the rate and magnitude of muscle atrophy, suggesting that factors beyond the muscle contribute to strength loss. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the brain and neuromuscular system in addition to muscle size following upper limb immobilization in young females. Using a within‐participant, unilateral design, 12 females (age: 20.6 ± 2.1 years) underwent 14 days of upper arm immobilization using an elbow brace and sling. Bilateral measures of muscle strength (isometric and isokinetic dynamometry), muscle size (magnetic resonance imaging), voluntary muscle activation capacity, corticospinal excitability, cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity were collected before and after immobilization. Immobilization induced a significant decline in isometric elbow flexion (−21.3 ± 19.2%, interaction: P = 0.0440) and extension (−19.9 ± 15.7%, interaction: P = 0.0317) strength in the immobilized arm only. There was no significant effect of immobilization on elbow flexor cross‐sectional area (CSA) (−1.2 ± 2.4%, interaction: P = 0.466), whereas elbow extensor CSA decreased (−2.9 ± 2.9%, interaction: P = 0.0177) in the immobilized arm. Immobilization did not differentially alter voluntary activation capacity, corticospinal excitability, or cortical thickness (P > 0.05); however, there were significant changes in the functional connectivity of brain regions related to movement planning and error detection (P < 0.05). This study reveals that elbow flexor strength loss can occur in the absence of significant elbow flexor muscle atrophy, and that the brain represents a site of functional adaptation in response to upper limb immobilization in young females.
Average nucleotide identity-based
Staphylococcus aureus
strain grouping allows identification of strain-specific genes in the pangenome
Authors: Raghuram Vishnu , Petit Robert A. , Karol Zach , Mehta Rohan , Weissman Daniel B. , Read Timothy D. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
causes both hospital- and community-acquired infections in humans worldwide. Due to the high incidence of infection,
S. aureus
is also one of the most sampled and sequenced pathogens today, providing an outstanding resource to understand variation at the bacterial subspecies level. We processed and downsampled 83,383 public
S. aureus
Illumina whole-genome shotgun sequences and 1,263 complete genomes to produce 7,954 representative substrains. Pairwise comparison of average nucleotide identity revealed a natural boundary of 99.5% that could be used to define 145 distinct strains within the species. We found that intermediate frequency genes in the pangenome (present in 10%–95% of genomes) could be divided into those closely linked to strain background (“strain-concentrated”) and those highly variable within strains (“strain-diffuse”). Non-core genes had different patterns of chromosome location. Notably, strain-diffuse genes were associated with prophages; strain-concentrated genes were associated with the vSaβ genome island and rare genes (<10% frequency) concentrated near the origin of replication. Antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the strain-diffuse class, while virulence genes were distributed between strain-diffuse, strain-concentrated, core, and rare classes. This study shows how different patterns of gene movement help create strains as distinct subspecies entities and provide insight into the diverse histories of important
S. aureus
functions.

IMPORTANCE

We analyzed the genomic diversity of
Staphylococcus aureus
, a globally prevalent bacterial species that causes serious infections in humans. Our goal was to build a genetic picture of the different strains of
S. aureus
and which genes may be associated with them. We reprocessed >84,000 genomes and subsampled to remove redundancy. We found that individual samples sharing >99.5% of their genome could be grouped into strains. We also showed that a portion of genes that are present in intermediate frequency in the species are strongly associated with some strains but completely absent from others, suggesting a role in strain specificity. This work lays the foundation for understanding individual gene histories of the
S. aureus
species and also outlines strategies for processing large bacterial genomic data sets.
Facultatively intrabacterial localization of a planthopper endosymbiont as an adaptation to its vertical transmission
Authors: Michalik Anna , C. Franco Diego , Szklarzewicz Teresa , Stroiński Adam , Łukasik Piotr 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient-providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow the complex path through the female host tissues to oocytes on their own. Here, we demonstrate an unusual transmission strategy adopted by one of the endosymbionts of the planthopper
Trypetimorpha occidentalis
(Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae) from Bulgaria. In this species, an
Acetobacteraceae
endosymbiont is transmitted transovarially within deep invaginations of cellular membranes of an ancient endosymbiont
Sulcia
—strikingly resembling recently described plant virus transmission. However, in males,
Acetobacteraceae
colonizes the same bacteriocytes as
Sulcia
but remains unenveloped. Then, the unusual endobacterial localization of
Acetobacteraceae
observed in females appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission. Further, the symbiont’s genomic features, including encoding essential amino acid biosynthetic pathways and its similarity to a recently described psyllid symbiont, suggest a unique combination of the ability to horizontally transmit among species and confer nutritional benefits. The close association with
Acetobacteraceae
symbiont correlates with the so-far-unreported level of genomic erosion of ancient nutritional symbionts of this planthopper. In
Sulcia
, this is reflected in substantial changes in genomic organization, reported for the first time in the symbiont renowned for its genomic stability. In
Vidania
, substantial gene loss resulted in one of the smallest genomes known, at 108.6 kb. Thus, the symbionts of
T. occidentalis
display a combination of unusual adaptations and genomic features that expand our understanding of how insect–microbe symbioses may transmit and evolve.

IMPORTANCE

Reliable transmission across host generations is a major challenge for bacteria that associate with insects, and independently established symbionts have addressed this challenge in different ways. The facultatively endobacterial localization of
Acetobacteraceae
symbiont, enveloped by cells of ancient nutritional endosymbiont
Sulcia
in females but not males of the planthopper
Trypetimorpha occidentalis
, appears to be a unique adaptation to maternal transmission.
Acetobacteraceae
’s genomic features indicate its unusual evolutionary history, and the genomic erosion experienced by ancient nutritional symbionts demonstrates the apparent consequences of such close association. Combined, this multi-partite symbiosis expands our understanding of the diversity of strategies that insect symbioses form and some of their evolutionary consequences.
Supplemental Material: Unveiling an ignored taphonomic window in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota
Authors: Lei Xiangtong , Cong Peiyun , al. et 
Published: June 2024

<p>Additional information on material and methods, detailed description of the musculature of a radiodont, and impact of weathering. Tables S1–S2 and Figures S1–S7. </p>