bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bisimido Molybdenum Complexes of the Extremely Bulky Pr* Framework
Authors: Hering Florian , Varga Péter , Würtemberger Max , Radius Udo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of molybdenum bisimido complexes featuring the extremely bulky Pr* framework [Pr* = 2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methylphenyl] are reported. The octahedral halide complex [Mo(NPr*)2Cl2(THF)2] (1) is readily available from ammonium dimolybdate and the amine Pr*NH2, and features two THF molecules in the coordination sphere of molybdenum. The chloride ligands in 1 may be exchanged with methyl or benzyl groups using Grignard reagents. The resulting complexes [Mo(NPr*)2Me2] (2) and [Mo(NPr*)2Bz2] (3) are monomeric and, in contrast to 1, do not coordinate further neutral two‐electron donor ligands in neither the solid state nor in solution.
Effects of mTOR inhibitors and cytoskeletal-directed agents alone and in combination against normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells in vitro
Authors: Trendowski Matthew , Christen Timothy D. , Andonova Antoaneta A. , Narampanawe Berlini , Thibaud Ashlee , Kusang Tenzin , Fondy Thomas P. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell growth and enlargement and has been found to be aberrant in a wide variety of malignancies. Although mTOR is already an attractive antineoplastic target, overexpression or aberrant expression of mTOR may also provide an opportunity to further increase the size differential between malignant and normal cells, providing an opportunity to amplify and exploit cell size differences between neoplastic cells and their normal counterparts using physiochemical treatment modalities. Therefore, this study sought to quantify the concentration response and time course effects of rapamycin on cell cycle entry, cell enlargement, and cell proliferation in U937 human monocytic leukemia and human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs). In addition, the effects of combination treatment with mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus, and temsirolimus) and cytoskeletal-directed agents (cytochalasin B and vincristine) in leukemic cells (U937, THP1, K562, Molt-4, and L1210) were assessed for potential drug synergy. While both U937 cells and hHSCs exhibited a marked reduction in cell volume, U937 cells were able to proliferate in the presence of rapamycin ranging from 0.5 nM to 10 μM (10,000 nM), whereas hHSCs were able to proliferate only at lower concentrations, and were completely inhibited from proliferation by 8 nM rapamycin. These effects were observed with as little as 0.5 nM rapamycin, demonstrating the profound affinity the compound has for FK-binding protein 12 (FKBP12), which subsequently forms the FKBP12/rapamycin complex to inhibit mTOR. Rapamycin continued to exert effects on cell size and proliferation even at 10 μM, without producing marked cytotoxicity. Although cytochalasin B and vincristine were unable to substantially enlarge rapamycin-treated leukemia cells, it appears that rapamycin and its associated analogs everolimus and temsirolimus have notable synergistic potential with microfilament-disrupting cytochalasin B and microtubule-disrupting vincristine as assessed by comparative effects on cell growth, annexin V staining, IC30 isobolograms, and Chou-Talalay statistics. These observations indicate a potentially novel therapeutic rationale for hematological malignancies and for other cancers to elicit the preferential destruction of neoplastic cells that aberrantly express mTOR.
Geoelectric Signatures of Palnad Sub Basin and Nallamalai Fold Belt, Cuddapah Basin, India
Authors: Konda Shankar , Patro Prasanta K. , Rao C. K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Broadband magnetotelluric investigations were carried out along NW-SE profile from Potuluru to Anjanpalli in the NE part of Cuddapah basin. The 84 km profile is adjacent to the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) and Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), India. Sixteen stations were established with a station interval of 2 to 7 km. The time series data were processed with single site and remote reference approach to derive robust MT transfer functions. Regional strike analyses indicate that the majority of the MT data is consistent with the assumption of a 2-D geo-electric strike direction, which is N40°E. Both transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode data were inverted using 2-D non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm. A conductive (40-300 Ohm.m) zone C1 is identified with 350 m to 2000 m thick sediment representing Palnad sub basin (PSB). The low resistivity could be due to presence of base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) within the Banaganapalli quartzites and Narji limestone. The two-dimensional geo-electric model derived demarcated a moderately low resistive feature (450 Ωm - 800 Ωm) C2 dipping southeast in the centre of the profile. The moderately conductive nature of C2 could be due to the presence of Palnad sub-basin sediments entrapped along the fault zone. The feature of C2 coincides with Nallamalai Fold Belt (NFB). The dipping resistive crustal layer in the NE parts of Cuddapah basin suggest E-W compression along the eastern margin during the Neoarchaean-Neoproterozoic (~2700 Ma – 970 Ma) tectonic convergence between India and east Antarctica.
An Experimental Study on Simulation of Stress Sensitivity to Production of Volcanic Gas from its Reservoir
Authors: Liu Zhidi , Zhao Jingzhou , Kang Pengxing , Zhang Jinjin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper provides important findings of research work that was undertaken on stress sensitivity of gas reservoirs which arises from decrease in pressure during production process. Junggar basin of China was selected as study area for the work undertaken. The basin has a typical fractured reservoir of which the stress sensitivity has been unclear for a long period. In order to study the stress sensitivity during production process, experimental methods for measuring stress sensitivity which simulates the depletive recovery process as well as permeability for the cores dealt with were designed. The experiments were carried out on 31 volcanic rock samples taken from 6 wells in the area of study. Stress sensitivity for results obtained during the depletive recovery for cores from un-fractured volcanic reservoirs was found to relatively weaker while stress sensitivity for cores obtained from fractured volcanic reservoirs was stronger. Terzaghi (1943) concept on effective stress and Li (1999) theory for body effective stress were adopted in this study.
Opting Out and Leaning In: The Life Course Employment Profiles of Early Baby Boom Women in the United States
Authors: García-Manglano Javier 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMost literature on female employment focuses on the intersection between women’s labor supply and family events such as marriage, divorce, or childbearing. Even when using longitudinal data and methods, most studies estimate average net effects over time and assume homogeneity among women. Less is known about diversity in women’s cumulative work patterns over the long run. Using group-based trajectory analysis, I model the employment trajectories of early Baby Boom women in the United States from ages 20 to 54. I find that women in this cohort can be classified in four ideal-type groups: those who were consistently detached from the labor force (21 %), those who gradually increased their market attachment (27 %), those who worked intensely in young adulthood but dropped out of the workforce after midlife (13 %), and those who were steadily employed across midlife (40 %). I then explore a variety of traits associated with membership in each of these groups. I find that (1) the timing of family events (marriage, fertility) helps to distinguish between groups with weak or strong attachment to the labor force in early adulthood; (2) external constraints (workplace discrimination, husband’s opposition to wife’s work, ill health) explain membership in groups that experienced work trajectory reversals; and (3) individual preferences influence labor supply across women’s life course. This analysis reveals a high degree of complexity in women’s lifetime working patterns, highlighting the need to understand women’s labor supply as a fluid process.
Executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gvirts H.Z. , Braw Y. , Harari H. , Lozin M. , Bloch Y. , Fefer K. , Levkovitz Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe boundary between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder is a controversial one. Despite the importance of the topic, few studies have directly compared these patient groups. The aim of the study was to compare the executive functioning profile of BD and BPD patients.MethodExecutive functioning (sustained attention, problem-solving, planning, strategy formation, cognitive flexibility and working memory) was assessed in BD (n= 30) and BPD outpatients (n= 32) using a computerized assessment battery (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, CANTAB). The groups were compared to one another as well as to healthy controls.ResultsBD patients showed deficits in strategy formation and in planning (indicated by longer execution time in the ToL task) in comparison to BPD patients and healthy controls. BPD patients showed deficits in planning (short deliberation time in the ToL task) in comparison to BD patients and in comparison to healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, BPD patients displayed deficits in problem-solving.ConclusionsDifferences in executive dysfunction between BD and BPD patients suggest that this cognitive dimension may be relevant for the clarification of the boundary between the disorders.
Physical activity in anorexia nervosa: How relevant is it to therapy response?
Authors: Sauchelli S. , Arcelus J. , Sánchez I. , Riesco N. , Jiménez-Murcia S. , Granero R. , Gunnard K. , Baños R. , Botella C. , de la Torre R. , Fernández-García J.C. , Fernández-Real J.M. , Frühbeck G. , Gómez-Ambrosi J. , Tinahones F.J. , Casanueva F.F. , Menchón J.M. , Fernandez-Aranda F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveElevated physical activity has been observed in some patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) despite their emaciated condition. However, its effects on treatment outcome remain unclear. This study aimed to examine objectively measured physical activity in this clinical population and how it might be related to a partial hospitalization therapy response, after considering potential confounders.MethodThe sample comprised 88 AN patients consecutively enrolled in a day hospital treatment program, and 116 healthy-weight controls. All participants were female and a baseline assessment took place using an accelerometer (Actiwatch AW7) to measure physical activity, the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 and the Depression subscale of the Symptom Checklist-Revised. Outcome was evaluated upon the termination of the treatment program by expert clinicians.ResultsAlthough AN patients and controls did not differ in the average time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (P= .21), nor daytime physical activity (P= .34), fewer AN patients presented a high physical activity profile compared to the controls (37% vs. 61%, respectively;P= .014). Both lower levels of MVPA and greater eating disorder severity had a direct effect on a poor treatment outcome. Depression symptoms in the patients were associated with lower MVPA, as well as with an older age, a shorter duration of the disorder and greater eating disorder psychopathology.ConclusionsThere is a notable variation in the physical activity profile of AN patients, characterized by either low or very high patterns. Physical activity is a highly relevant issue in AN that must be taken into account during the treatment process.
Maternal outcomes after 12 hours and 24 hours of magnesium sulfate therapy for eclampsia
Authors: Anjum Shaheen , Goel Namarata , Sharma Rajyashri , Mohsin Zehra , Garg Nidhi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a reduced duration (12 hours) of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration for eclampsia.MethodsIn a prospective randomized study, women with eclampsia (prepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum) attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg after 20 weeks, proteinuria (dipstick value ≥ + 1), and seizures not attributed to other causes. Participants were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6‐month blocks). All patients received a MgSO4 loading dose (4 g, intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1 g/hour) for 12 hours (study group) and 24 hours (control group). The primary outcome was recurrent convulsions after completion of MgSO4 therapy. Patients with treatment failure were excluded from analyses.ResultsAnalyses included 132 patients in the study group and 72 patients in the control group. No convulsions recurred in either group after the completion of treatment.ConclusionFor women with eclampsia, 12 hours of magnesium sulfate could effectively prevent recurrent convulsions.
A randomized clinical trial of preoperative versus postoperative misoprostol in elective cesarean delivery
Authors: Ragab Ahmed , Barakat Rafik , Alsammani Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimum time for misoprostol administration to minimize blood loss during and after elective cesarean delivery.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted at Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. Eligible participants had full‐term pregnancies, were scheduled to have a cesarean, and had normal fetal heart tracing. Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups using computer‐generated tables and sealed opaque envelopes. Misoprostol (400 μg, given rectally) was given either before (group 1) or after (group 2) surgery. Patients, investigators, and data analysts were not masked to group assignment. The primary outcome was blood loss.ResultsA total of 348 women were included (174 in each group). Blood loss was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (570 ± 240 vs 844 ± 270 mL; P < 0.001). The frequency of maternal and neonatal adverse events did not differ between the groups.ConclusionPreoperative misoprostol (400 μg, given rectally) reduces blood loss to a greater extent than does postoperative misoprostol during elective cesarean delivery. The frequency of complications was not affected by time of administration.
Large-Reynolds-number asymptotics of the streamwise normal stress in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Monkewitz Peter A. , Nagib Hassan M. 
Published: October 2015

A more poetic long title could be ‘A voyage from the shifting grounds of existing data on zero-pressure-gradient (abbreviated ZPG) turbulent boundary layers (abbreviated TBLs) to infinite Reynolds number’. Aided by the requirement of consistency with the Reynolds-averaged momentum equation, the ‘shifting grounds’ are sufficiently consolidated to allow some firm conclusions on the asymptotic expansion of the streamwise normal stress $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$, where the $^{+}$ indicates normalization with the friction velocity $u_{{\it\tau}}$ squared. A detailed analysis of direct numerical simulation data very close to the wall reveals that its inner near-wall asymptotic expansion must be of the form $f_{0}(y^{+})-f_{1}(y^{+})/U_{\infty }^{+}+\mathit{O}(U_{\infty }^{+})^{-2}$, where $U_{\infty }^{+}=U_{\infty }/u_{{\it\tau}}$, $y^{+}=yu_{{\it\tau}}/{\it\nu}$ and $f_{0}$, $f_{1}$ are $\mathit{O}(1)$ functions fitted to data in this paper. This means, in particular, that the inner peak of $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$ does not increase indefinitely as the logarithm of the Reynolds number but reaches a finite limit. The outer expansion of $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$, on the other hand, is constructed by fitting a large number of data from various sources. This exercise, aided by estimates of turbulence production and dissipation, reveals that the overlap region between inner and outer expansions of $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$ is its plateau or second maximum, extending to $y_{\mathit{break}}^{+}=\mathit{O}(U_{\infty }^{+})$, where the outer logarithmic decrease towards the boundary layer edge starts. The common part of the two expansions of $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$, i.e. the height of the plateau or second maximum, is of the form $\,A_{\infty }-B_{\infty }/U_{\infty }^{+}+\cdots \,$with $A_{\infty }$ and $B_{\infty }$ constant. As a consequence, the logarithmic slope of the outer $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$ cannot be independent of the Reynolds number as suggested by ‘attached eddy’ models but must slowly decrease as $(1/U_{\infty }^{+})$. A speculative explanation is proposed for the puzzling finding that the overlap region of $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$ is centred near the lower edge of the mean velocity overlap, itself centred at $y^{+}=\mathit{O}(\mathit{Re}_{{\it\delta}_{\ast }}^{1/2})$ with $\mathit{Re}_{{\it\delta}_{\ast }}$ the Reynolds number based on free stream velocity and displacement thickness. Finally, similarities and differences between $\langle uu\rangle ^{+}$ in ZPG TBLs and in pipe flow are briefly discussed.
Evolution of body mass in the Pan-Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes): the effects of combining neontological and paleontological data
Authors: Smith N. Adam 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHypotheses regarding the evolution of many clades are often generated in the absence of data from the fossil record and potential biases introduced by exclusion of paleontological data are frequently ignored. With regard to body size evolution, extinct taxa are frequently excluded because of the lack of body mass estimates—making identification of reliable clade specific body mass estimators crucial to evaluating trends on paleontological timescales. Herein, I identify optimal osteological dimensions for estimating body mass in extinct species of Pan-Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes) and utilize newly generated estimates of body mass to demonstrate that the combination of neontological and paleontological data produces results that conflict with hypotheses generated when extant species data are analyzed in isolation. The wing-propelled diving Pan-Alcidae are an ideal candidate for comparing estimates of body mass evolution based only on extant taxa with estimates generated including fossils because extinct species diversity (≥31 species) exceeds extant diversity, includes examples from every extant genera, and because phylogenetic hypotheses of pan-alcid relationships are not restricted to the 23 extant species. Phylogenetically contextualized estimation of body mass values for extinct pan-alcids facilitated evaluation of broad scale trends in the evolution of pan-alcid body mass and generated new data bearing on the maximum body mass threshold for aerial flight in wing-propelled divers. The range of body mass in Pan-Alcidae is found to exceed that of all other clades of Charadriiformes (shorebirds and allies) and intraclade body mass variability is recognized as a recurring theme in the evolution of the clade. Finally, comparisons of pan-alcid body mass range with penguins and the extinct †Plotopteridae elucidate potentially shared constraints among phylogenetically disparate yet ecologically similar clades of wing-propelled divers.
General and abdominal adiposity in a representative sample of Portuguese adults: dependency of measures and socio-demographic factors’ influence
Authors: Kowalkowska Joanna , Poínhos Rui , Franchini Bela , Afonso Cláudia , Correia Flora , Pinhão Sílvia , Vaz de Almeida Maria Daniel , Rodrigues Sara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aims of this study were: (i) to estimate the dependency between BMI and waist:height ratio (WHtR) as measures of general and abdominal adiposity, and (ii) to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic factors on both measures and on their dependency in risk classification. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2009 among a representative sample of 3529 Portuguese adults were used. Height, weight and waist were measured and socio-demographic data (sex, age, education level, occupational status, marital status, region of residence) were obtained. Using logistic regression, crude and adjusted OR for high general (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) and abdominal (WHtR≥0·5) adiposity, and for incompatible classification between them, were calculated. Above half (50·8 %) of the respondents had high BMI and 42·1 % had high WHtR, and the rates were higher in men than in women. There was an inverse association between education level and both adiposity measures. The lowest prevalence of high general and abdominal adiposity was observed in students and singles, whereas the highest was found in retired, widowed and respondents from Azores, Madeira and Alentejo. Nearly a quarter of respondents (24·0 %) were incompatibly classified by BMI and WHtR, with higher prevalence in men than in women and in low- than in high-educated people. Future surveys should focus on developing at least sex-specific cut-offs for both measures. Implementation of effective strategies for preventing and reducing high adiposity levels in Portugal should be directed primarily to men, older, low-educated individuals, as well as those living in the islands and poor regions of the country.
Population size assessment of the Endangered red-billed curassowCrax blumenbachii: accounting for variation in detectability and sex-biased estimates
Authors: Alves Fernanda , López-Iborra Germán M. , Silveira Luís Fábio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Endangered red-billed curassowCrax blumenbachiiis endemic to the lowland Atlantic Forest of Brazil and is extinct across most of its range as a result of habitat loss and hunting pressure. Global population estimates are unreliable as the species has never been surveyed systematically. During March 2012–February 2013 we used line transects to estimate the density and size of one of the most important populations, in the Vale Nature Reserve. UsingDistancewe estimated a density of 1.3 individuals per km2; results stratified by sex indicated a male-skewed sex ratio. Data collected from motion-activated cameras confirmed that the population was male skewed but to a lesser degree than suggested by transect data. Sex-specific behavioural responses to the presence of an observer probably contributed to the difference between camera and transect data. Using the camera-derived sex ratios we corrected transect estimates to 1.6 individuals per km2and a population of 325 individuals. Our systematic survey approach has revealed that Vale Nature Reserve has a larger population than previous estimates of the global population. We show that behavioural differences between the sexes in cryptic species can mislead population estimates, and we highlight the importance of motion-activated cameras as a tool for studying cryptic forest species.
Effects of psychoeducation on helpful support for complicated grief: a preliminary randomized controlled single-blind study
Authors: Nam I. S. 
Published: October 2015

Background.Complicated grief is a distinct psychological response of individuals facing the loss of a loved one and can lead to many types of adverse health outcomes. Although social support may be beneficial, few studies have examined the beneficial effects of helpful support on complicated grief following bereavement.Method.A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Bereaved participants and supporters were randomized to psychoeducation on complicated grief and helpful social support or psychoeducation on complicated grief. The primary outcome was the Inventory of Complicated Grief.Results.The results showed that psychoeducation of supporters of bereaved individuals has significant beneficial effects. Particularly, symptoms of complicated grief were decreased in bereaved individuals with supporters that received psychoeducation.Conclusions.The results highlight the potential of psychoeducation to facilitate helpful social support and reduce complicated grief.