bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of lava flows in the Tharsis region of Mars using SHARAD
Authors: Simon Molly N. , Carter Lynn M. , Campbell Bruce A. , Phillips Roger J. , Mattei Stefania 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Tharsis region of Mars is covered in volcanic flows that can stretch for tens to hundreds of kilometers. Radar measurements of the dielectric properties of these flows can provide information regarding their composition and density. SHARAD (shallow radar), a sounding radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, detects basal interfaces beneath flows in some areas of Tharsis northwest and west of Ascraeus Mons, with additional detections south of Pavonis Mons. Comparisons with 12.6 cm ground‐based radar images suggest that SHARAD detects basal interfaces primarily in dust or regolith‐mantled regions. We use SHARAD data to estimate the real relative permittivity of the flows by comparing the measured time delay of returns from the subsurface with altimetry measurements of the flow heights relative to the surrounding plains. In cases where the subsurface interface is visible at different depths, spanning tens of meters, it is also possible to measure the loss tangent (tan δ) of the material. The permittivity values calculated range from 7.6 to 11.6, with an average of 9.6, while the mean loss tangent values range from 7.8 × 10−3 to 2.9 × 10−2 with an average of 1.0 × 10−2. These permittivity and loss tangent estimates for the flows northwest of Ascraeus Mons, west of Ascraeus Mons, and south of Pavonis Mons are consistent with the lab‐measured values for dense, low‐titanium basalt.
Storm‐event flow pathways in lower coastal plain forested watersheds of the southeastern United States
Authors: Griffin Michael P. , Callahan Timothy J. , Vulava Vijay M. , Williams Thomas M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe landscape of the coastal plain of the southeastern United States is rapidly changing due to urbanization and climate‐change‐related impacts. In addition to the forecasted population increase, this region could experience significant changes in precipitation patterns making watershed management very challenging. In order to establish baseline data, storm‐event flow pathways were studied in three lower coastal plain (LCP) forested lowland watersheds of the southeastern United States between 2010 and 2011. Two of the watersheds had clay loam subsoils while the third had sandy soils throughout the profile. Stream flow and water samples from water‐table wells, piezometers, lysimeters, and rain gauges were analyzed for ion concentrations; ion trends were assessed using principal components analysis; and chemical hydrograph separation was performed for nine storm events using end‐member mixing analysis. End‐members consisted of lower concentration rainwater; a near‐stream source (riparian or streambed groundwater); and a distant or deep groundwater source. Storm‐event stream water on the clayey sites was composed primarily of rainwater (45–67% by volume) and shallow groundwater (21–55%), with small inputs from deep (below the clay‐rich soil horizon) groundwater (0.2–21%). At the sandy site, a greater proportion was groundwater (56–61%), with smaller inputs from rainwater (28–33%) and soil water (6–16%). Dry antecedent soil moisture (ASM) conditions and larger storms resulted in greater rainwater contribution at the clayey sites. Shallow groundwater was an important contributor even in dry ASM conditions, perhaps due to the high specific retention of the soils. The results from this study will inform researchers about stormwater routing in forested, shallow water table watersheds and provide land managers with baseline data as they plan stormwater mitigation practices.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Transannulation of Cyclopropenes with N‐Phenoxyacetamides through CH Activation
Authors: Zhang Hang , Wang Kang , Wang Bo , Yi Heng , Hu Fangdong , Li Changkun , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn efficient rhodium(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of 2H‐chromene from N‐phenoxyacetamides and cyclopropenes has been developed. The reaction represents the first example of using cyclopropenes as a three‐carbon unit in rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)H activations.
A novel lead ion‐imprinted chelating nanofiber: Preparation, characterization, and performance evaluation
Authors: Tong Lanyan , Chen Jida , Yuan Youyou , Cui Zehua , Ran Mianfu , Zhang Qian , Bu Juan , Yang Fengqing , Su Xinhong , Xu Huan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA novel Pb(II) ion‐imprinted chelating nanofibers (nIIP), synthesized by combining electrospinning with surface ion imprinting technique, was reported in this study. nIIP was characterized with Fourier transmission infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The performance of nIIP for Pb(II) sorption was conducted through a batch adsorption experiments. Experimental data showed that adsorption capacity of nIIP was much higher than that of non‐ion imprinted chelating acrylic microfibers (mNIP) derived from commercial available acrylic microfibers, and adsorption behaviors agreed well with pseudo‐second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The values of Gibbs free energy change derived from experimental data suggested that the adsorption Pb(II) on nIIP is spontaneous and favorable at high temperature. In addition, nIIP had the highest selectivity among three tested fibrous adsorbents for Pb(II) from binary metal solution, the selectivity coefficients for Pb(II) from binary metal solution of Pb(II)/Cu(II), Pb(II)/Ni(II), and Pb(II)/Cd(II) onto nIIP were 47, 101, and 162, respectively. Besides, a forty adsorption/desorption cycles revealed that nIIP was a promising recyclable adsorbent. In conclusion, the novel nIIP is a highly effective adsorbent for enrichment and separation of Pb(II) in the presence of competitive ions in aqueous solution, and it is potential to be applied for recovering metals from heavy metal polluted industrial wastewater such as Pb(II)/Cd(II), Pb(II)/Ni(II), and Pb(II)/Cu(II) polluted wastewater. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41507.
Parametric Stabilization of Quantized Interconnected Systems with Application to Coupled Inverted Pendulums
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhai Guisheng , Guo Yuqian , Gui Weihua , Shen Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the analysis of parametric stability and decentralized state feedback control of a kind of quantized interconnected systems. The output of each controller is quantized logarithmically before it is input to the subsystem, and the quantized density would affect the stability of the systems. First, a decentralized state feedback controller is designed for interconnected systems without quantization and the corresponding stable region is obtained. Second, for a given controller, the lower bound of the quantization density is evaluated from parameters of local controllers. Finally, the proposed method is applied to coupled inverted pendulums systems which can be viewed as quantized interconnected systems. The simulation results show that by using the proposed quantized controllers, the interconnected inverted pendulum systems are parametrically stabilized.
A Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Electroactive Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Ding Huimin , Li Yonghai , Hu Hui , Sun Yimeng , Wang Jianguo , Wang Caixing , Wang Cheng , Zhang Guanxin , Wang Baoshan , Xu Wei , Zhang Deqing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) provide a unique platform for the molecular design of electronic and optoelectronic materials. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an electroactive COF containing the well‐known tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit is reported. The TTF‐COF crystallizes into 2D sheets with an eclipsed AA stacking motif, and shows high thermal stability and permanent porosity. The presence of TTF units endows the TTF‐COF with electron‐donating ability, which is characterized by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the open frameworks of TTF‐COF are amenable to doping with electron acceptors (e.g., iodine), and the conductivity of TTF‐COF bulk samples can be improved by doping. Our results open up a reliable route for the preparation of well‐ordered conjugated TTF polymers, which hold great potential for applications in fields from molecular electronics to energy storage.
Modeling security requirements for cloud‐based system development
Authors: Ficco Massimo , Palmieri Francesco , Castiglione Aniello 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe Cloud Computing paradigm provides a new model for the more flexible utilization of computing and storage services. However, such enhanced flexibility, which implies outsourcing the data and business applications to a third party, may introduce critical security issues. Therefore, there is a clear necessity of new security paradigms able to face all the problems introduced by the cloud approach. Although, in the last years, several solutions have been proposed, the implementation of secure cloud applications and services is still a complex and far from consolidated task. Starting from these considerations, this work fosters the development of a methodology that considers security concerns as an integral part of cloud‐based applications design and implementation. Accordingly, we present a set of stereotypes that defines a vocabulary for annotating Unified Modeling Language based models with information relevant for integrating the specification of security requirements into cloud architectures. This approach can be used to significantly improve productivity and overall success in the development of secure distributed cloud applications and systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐order intermodulation cancelation and conversion‐gain enhancement techniques for CMOS active mixers
Authors: Asghari Meysam , Yavari Mohammad 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this paper, two new techniques are proposed to improve the second‐order input intercept point (IIP2) and conversion‐gain in double‐balanced Gilbert‐cell complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) mixers. The proposed IIP2 improvement technique is based on canceling the common‐mode second‐order intermodulation (IM2) component at the output current of the transconductance stage. Additionally, the conversion‐gain is improved by increasing the fundamental component of the transconductance stage output current and creating a negative capacitance to cancel the parasitic capacitors. Moreover, in the proposed IM2 cancelation technique, by decreasing the bias current of the switching transistors, the flicker noise of the mixer is reduced. The proposed mixer has been designed with input frequency and output bandwidth equal to 2.4 GHz and 20 MHz, respectively. Spectre‐RF simulation results show that the proposed techniques simultaneously improve IIP2 and conversion‐gain by approximately 23.2 and 5.7 dB, respectively, in comparison with the conventional mixer with the same power consumption. Also, the noise figure (NF) at 20 kHz, where the flicker noise is dominant, is reduced by 4.9 dB. The average NF is increased nearly 0.9 dB, and the value of third‐order input intercept point (IIP3) is decreased approximately 1.8 dB. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encapsulation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles into a Metal–Organic Framework: Preparation and Microstructure Characterization of Pd/Au@ZIF‐8
Authors: Rösler Christoph , Esken Daniel , Wiktor Christian , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe zinc‐imidazolate‐based framework ZIF‐8 was loaded with preformed surfactant‐stabilized bimetallic Pd/Au nanoparticles and its corresponding monometallic counterparts Au and Pd by a controlled encapsulation process during the ZIF‐8 crystal growth. The nanoparticle‐loaded materials were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR spectroscopy, N2‐sorption measurements, as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ZIF‐8 matrix material remained intact and the NP@ZIF‐8 materials revealed the permanent porosity of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas above 1100 m2 g–1. The nanoparticles are exclusively found inside the volume of the nanocrystals and exhibit unchanged composition and size distribution as revealed by TEM investigations. Additionally, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the solid solution‐type alloying of Pd and Au in the embedded Pd/Au nanoparticles. The materials were briefly evaluated in aqueous‐phase aerobic alcohol oxidation to investigate the synergetic effects of alloyed Pd/Au nanoparticles and the microporous, hydrophobic matrix ZIF‐8.
Electron‐Transfer Studies of trans‐Platinum Bis(acetylide) Complexes
Authors: Miesel Dominique , Hildebrandt Alexander , Rüffer Tobias , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Lang Heinrich 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe complexes trans‐[Pt(C≡CFc)2(PFcmnBu3–m)2] (Fc = ferrocenyl; m = 0, 9a; m = 1, 9b; m = 2, 9c) were prepared by the reactions of PFcmnBu3–m (m = 0, 3a; m = 1, 3b; m = 2, 3c) with cis‐[PtCl2(SEt2)2] (6) to form [PtCl2(PFcmnBu3–m)2] (m = 0, 7a; m = 1, 7b; m = 2, 7c), which on treatment with [CuC≡CFc] (8) produced 9a–9c. The reactions of PFcmnBu3–m (m = 1–3; m = 3, 3d) with S8 or Se gave (S=)PFcmnBu3–m (m = 1, 4b; m = 2, 4c; m = 3, 4d) and (Se=)PFcmnBu3–m (m = 1, 5b; m = 2, 5c; m = 3, 5d). Compounds 5d, 7b, 7c, 9b, and 9c were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies; a trans arrangement of the phosphine units at the Pt center is typical. The redox behavior of 3, 4, 7, and 9 was investigated by cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry. The Fc units of 9a–9c could be oxidized separately indicating electronic interactions between the Fc/Fc+ groups of the FcC≡C units [ΔE°′ = 105 (9a), 115 (9b), 120 mV (9c)]. Cationic [9b]+ and [9c]+ exhibit weak intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) absorptions at $\tilde {\nu}$ = 6700 cm–1.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of a Triazole Analogue of Resorcylic Acid Lactone LL‐Z1640‐2
Authors: Goh Wendy Y. L. , Chai Christina L. L. , Chen Anqi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA highly convergent and concise synthesis of a triazole analogue of resorcylic acid lactone natural product LL‐Z1640‐2 has been achieved from easily accessible starting materials in six linear steps in 18 % overall yield. Biological evaluation confirmed the enone system of the natural product is crucial for its activity. The triazole analogue showed good activity (IC50 7.2 μM) against MNK2 kinase, which is an emerging target for cancer chemotherapy.
Prevalence of pain and relative diagnostic performance of screening tools for neuropathic pain in cancer patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pérez C. , Sánchez‐Martínez N. , Ballesteros A. , Blanco T. , Collazo A. , González F. , Villoria J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain can be overlooked in cancer patients. The advent of screening tools can help in recognizing it. However, little is known about their relative diagnostic performance and factors that affect it. This study evaluated the prevalence of neuropathic pain using several diagnostic strategies in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsPatients attending theOncologyUnit of the investigators' site to continue their chemotherapy schedule were systematically screened for this cross‐sectional study. Before starting chemotherapy drugs, pain specialists made a clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain (either disease related, treatment related or comorbid) and medical oncologists administered three validated screening tools. Their relative diagnostic performance and the impact of some pain features on it were analysed using multivariate statistical methods.ResultsFrom a total of 358 patients, 194 (54.2%) suffered from pain and 73 (20.4%) had a clinical diagnosis of pure neuropathic or mixed pain. Among the screening tools, theLeedsAssessment ofNeuropathicSymptoms andSigns (LANSS) was more specific (93.4%), although less sensitive (68.1%) than theDouleurNeuropathique in 4 Questions (DN4) (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 88.4%). Interestingly, the specificities of these two instruments did not differ in patients with mild pain, while theDN4 remained to be more sensitive than theLANSSregardless of pain severity.ConclusionsNeuropathic pain is common in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. TheDN4 might be of great help for the early detection of patients at risk because of incipient chemotherapy‐related neuropathies and theLANSSto rule out neuropathic pain in patients with complex pain conditions.
Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles via Vapor Phase Deposition onto Liquid Substrates
Authors: Haller Patrick D. , Gupta Malancha 
Published: September 2014

In this article, the growth of polymer nanoparticles formed at the liquid–vapor interface via vapor phase polymerization is studied. The particles grow by polymer aggregation, which is driven by the surface tension interaction between the liquid and polymer. It is demonstrated that the mechanism of particle growth is determined by whether polymer particles remain at the liquid–vapor interface or submerge into the liquid. The position of the particles depends on the interaction between the polymer and the liquid. For example, the deposition of poly(n‐butyl acrylate) onto poly(dimethyl siloxane) and Krytox liquids leads to the formation of nanoparticles that remain at the liquid–vapor interface. The size of these particles increases as a function of deposition time. The deposition of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) onto poly(dimethyl siloxane) and Krytox leads to the formation of nanoparticles that submerge into the liquid. The size of these particles does not significantly change with deposition time. Our study offers a new rapid, one‐step synthetic approach for fabricating functional polymer nanoparticles for applications in catalysis, photonics, and drug delivery.
image
Polymerization of an epoxy‐containing silacyclobutane and its application to networked polymer synthesis
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Goto Yoshinori , Nagao Naoki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPolymerization of a silacyclobutane having an epoxy moiety and its application to networked polymer synthesis were examined. Four‐membered ring‐opening polymerization of silacyclobutane having a 3,4‐epoxybutyl group on the silicon atom (OBMSB) was achieved by using a platinum vinyldisiloxane complex with keeping the epoxy ring unchanged. Copolymerization of 1,1‐diethylsilacyclobutane (DESB) with OBMSB by using the same catalyst effectively gave the corresponding copolymers [poly(DESB‐co‐OBMSB)]. Thermal properties of the polyOBMSB, polyDESB, and poly(DESB‐co‐OBMSB) were investigated by DSC and TGA. Cast films of the obtained polymers with 1‐naphthylmethylmethyl‐p‐hydroxyphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, a small amount of thermally latent acid generator were prepared. Heating the films at 80 °C for 2 h gave crosslinked networked polycarbosilanes through cationic ring‐opening of the epoxy moieties. Thermal and mechanical properties of the networked polymers were investigated by TGA, DSC, and tensile strength measurements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3400–3405
Combustion and Material Characterization of Highly Tunable On‐Chip Energetic Porous Silicon
Authors: Piekiel Nicholas W. , Morris Christopher J. , Churaman Wayne A. , Cunningham Michael E. , Lunking David M. , Currano Luke J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present a comprehensive investigation into the tunable combustion of on‐chip porous silicon energetic materials. The exothermic reaction occurs between high surface area nanoscale porous silicon and a solution‐deposited sodium perchlorate oxidizer that penetrates each pore. The resulting burn rates spanned three orders of magnitude, from 5.2 to 1950 m s−1. Material properties of the porous silicon films were characterized using gas adsorption porosimetry, SEM, and profilometry, over specific surface areas between 191 and 901 m2 g−1, and porosities between 49 and 80 %. Combustion events were characterized using high speed imaging and bomb calorimetry. Results revealed that combustion depended on several material properties including surface area and porosity of the porous silicon substrate, with the peak flame speed occurring at 895 m2 g−1 specific surface area, 3.32 nm pore size, and 72 % porosity. Measured heat of combustion increased with porosity over the range of 65–75 %, up to 22.5 kJ g−1 of porous silicon at 75 % porosity. These measurements along with gravimetric determinations of oxidizer pore loading suggest that the system was typically fuel rich, with macroscopic morphology and porous silicon film mechanical integrity generally limiting the realistic range of porosity values to less than stoichiometric conditions.
Analysis of the reduction of tensile stress by post‐growth annealing methods in multicrystalline silicon wafers produced by the RST process
Authors: Martínez O. , Tejero A. , Tupin E. , González M. A. , Jiménez J. , Belouet C. , Baillis C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this work, we analyze the residual stress, in both as‐grown and post‐growth annealed silicon ribbon on a sacrificial carbon template, by the simulation of the thermo‐mechanical behavior of the cooling ribbon using the Abaqus software, and the measurement of stress on the free silicon surface by µ‐Raman spectroscopy. The results of the simulations gave limits within which flat ribbons could be obtained for a combination of silicon thickness, ribbon width and pull rate. Stress relaxation by off‐line thermal treatments is used to optimize a post‐growth annealing furnace in line with the ribbon growth system. The fragile behavior of the ribbon during laser cutting can be considerably reduced by a short relaxation of the ribbon at medium temperatures around 850 °C, which were observed to give the best behavior in terms of residual tensile stress relaxation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and photoconductivity properties of silicon carbon thin films
Authors: Coscia U. , Ambrosone G. , Basa D. K. , Rigato V. , Binetti S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNanostructured films composed of silicon crystallites dispersed in an hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon matrix have been deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from silane‐methane mixtures diluted in hydrogen by varying the rf power. Compositional, structural, optical and photoconductivity properties of the films have been investigated. The increase in rf power in the 40‐80 W range enhances the incorporation of carbon and hydrogen in the amorphous matrix and decreases the volume fraction and size of the silicon crystallites leading to an enlargement of the optical band gap from 2.07 to 2.20 eV. Steady state photoconductivity measurements, performed under monochromatic radiations in the visible range, have demonstrated the occurrence of monomolecular recombination kinetics in the samples under illumination and that the mobility‐lifetime product of the free electrons as a function of the optical gap decreases from 1.9 × 10–7 to 2.5 × 10–9 cm2V–1 as in the case of device quality films deposited by silane‐methane mixtures diluted in hydrogen. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)