bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Antibiotic‐Associated Conditions After Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children
Authors: Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Meyer Cassandra , Roby Brianne , Redmann Andrew , Meyer Abby , Tibesar Robert , Jakubowski Luke , Lander Timothy A. , Finch Michael , Jayawardena Asitha D.L. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTympanostomy tube placement has been shown to decrease systemic antibiotics usage in patients with recurrent acute otitis media. Systemic antibiotics in children are associated with an increase in antibiotic‐associated conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, celiac disease, overweight/obesity, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism, learning disability, and Clostridium difficile colonization) later in life. The objective of this study is to estimate whether tympanostomy tube placement is associated with a reduction in antibiotic‐associated conditions in children with recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM).MethodsA retrospective cohort review of electronic medical records from 1991 to 2011 at a large pediatric hospital system was performed identifying 27,584 patients under 18 years old with RAOM, defined by 3 or more episodes of AOM. Antibiotic‐associated conditions were defined using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes.ResultsThe enrollment population was largely composed of White patients (28.9%), Black patients (30.1%), and Hispanic/Latino patients (16.4%). The number of systemic antibiotics prescribed per encounter was significantly lower in children who pursued tympanostomy tubes (0.14 antibiotics per encounter) versus those who did not (0.23 antibiotics per encounter) (p < 0.001). Patients with RAOM who received tympanostomy tubes were less likely to have diagnoses of overweight/obesity (OR. 0.62 [0.55, 0.68]; p < 0.001), asthma (OR 0.8 [0.74, 0.87]; p < 0.001), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.72 [0.65, 0.81]; p < 0.001), and atopic dermatitis (0.78 [0.71, 0.86]; p < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceTympanostomy tube placement is associated with less systemic antibiotic administration and a decreased incidence of overweight/obesity, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in children diagnosed with RAOM.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
A Comprehensive Review of the Rheological Properties of Lentil Flour and Starch for Food Applications
Authors: Ahmed Jasim 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRheology is the study of flow and its behavior. Unlike powder flow, lentil flour and starch, either individually or in a food formulation, exhibit flow in dispersions, dough, or gel. The presence of a significant amount of starch and protein in lentil flour results in a broad range of rheological properties in dough or dispersion, and the obtained data are useful in many industrial applications, including food, feed, packaging, and pharmaceuticals. During processing, lentil starch dispersions undergo gelatinization and form a gel. Oscillatory rheological measurement can accruately predict the reaction kinetics of lentil starch gelatinization with simultaneous changes in temperature and time. Isothermally heated lentil starch gel advances knowledge by providing information on gel rigidity. The mechanical properties of starch gels can be measured by creep and recovery tests. This review focuses on the rheological properties of lentil flour and starch in dispersions or dough and heat‐ or pressure‐induced lentil gels. The rheological data would help processors select lentil ingredients and their potential applications in product development or additive manufacturing.
Bioactive Hydrogels Inspired by Laminin: An Emerging Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Mohanty Sweta , Roy Sangita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTissue or organ damage due to severe injuries or chronic diseases can adversely affect the quality of life. Current treatments rely on organ or tissue transplantation which has limitations including unavailability of donors, ethical issues, or immune rejection after transplantations. These limitations can be addressed by tissue regeneration which involves the development of bioactive scaffolds closely mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM). One of the major components of ECM is the laminin protein which supports several tissues associated with important organs. In this direction, peptide‐based hydrogels can effectively mimic the essential characteristics of laminin. While several reports have discussed the structure of laminin, the potential of laminin‐derived peptide hydrogels as effective biomaterial for tissue engineering applications is yet to be discussed. In this context, the current review focuses on the structure of laminin and its role as an essential ECM protein. Further, the potential of short peptide hydrogels in mimicking the crucial properties of laminin is proposed. The review further highlights the significance of bioactive hydrogels inspired by laminin – in addressing numerous tissue engineering applications including angiogenesis, neural, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue regeneration along with a brief outlook on the future applications of these laminin‐based hydrogels.
Exploring asymmetric dynamics of R&D spending and firm value nexus: Insights from panel autoregressive distributed lag analysis
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Singh Balwinder 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to provide valuable insights into the impact of research and development (R&D) spending on firm value, considering both short‐term and long‐term dynamics while also considering any potential asymmetries in this relationship. This work is conducted using a sample of 185 listed Indian manufacturing firms over a time span of 18 years, that is, from 2006 to 2023. Both symmetric and asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) are employed on a final sample of 3330 firm‐year observations to unravel the intricacies of the aforementioned relationship. Based on the empirical findings from the symmetric ARDL model, it is revealed that R&D spending positively impacts the value of firms in the long run while showing no significant effect in the short run. On the contrary, the results from the asymmetric ARDL model present interesting insights. In the short run, positive (negative) changes in R&D spending appear to reduce (increase) the value of firms. However, in the long run, positive (negative) changes tend to increase (reduce) the value of companies. The key differentiator of the study is the identification of the asymmetrical impact of R&D spending on firm value. The paper argues that while R&D spending does influence firm value, the relationship between them is not inherently symmetrical. In particular, the impact of R&D spending changes from being statistically insignificant when using symmetric ARDL estimation to becoming significant when applying asymmetrical estimation methods. The findings remain largely consistent across different subsamples and alternative measurements of variables.
The freedom space – a new set of commercially available molecules for hit discovery
Authors: Protopopov Mykola V. , Tararina Valentyna V. , Bonachera Fanny , Dzyuba Igor M. , Kapeliukha Anna , Hlotov Serhii , Chuk Oleksii , Marcou Gilles , Klimchuk Olga , Horvath Dragos , Yeghyan Erik , Savych Olena , Tarkhanova Olga O. , Varnek Alexandre , Moroz Yurii S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advent of high‐performance virtual screening techniques nowadays allows drug designers to explore ultra‐large sets of candidate compounds in search of molecules predicted to have desired properties. However, the success of such an endeavor heavily relies on the pertinence (drug‐likeness and, foremost, chemical feasibility) of these candidates, or otherwise, virtual screening will return valueless “hits”, by the garbage in/garbage out principle. The huge popularity of the judiciously enumerated Enamine REAL Space is clear proof of the strength of this Big Data trend in drug discovery. Here we describe a new dataset of make‐on‐demand compounds called the Freedom space. It follows the principles of Enamine REAL Space and contains highly feasible molecules (synthesis success rate over 75 percent). However, the scaffold and chemography analysis revealed significant differences to both the REAL and biologically annotated compounds from the ChEMBL database. The Freedom Space is a significant extension of the REAL Space and can be utilized for a more comprehensive exploration of the synthetically feasible chemical space in hit finding and hit‐to‐lead campaigns.
Reducing thermal noise in high‐resolution quantitative magnetic resonance imaging rotating frame relaxation mapping of the human brain at 3 T
Authors: Ponticorvo Sara , Canna Antonietta , Moeller Steen , Akcakaya Mehmet , Metzger Gregory J. , Filip Pavel , Eberly Lynn E. , Michaeli Shalom , Mangia Silvia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantitative maps of rotating frame relaxation (RFR) time constants are sensitive and useful magnetic resonance imaging tools with which to evaluate tissue integrity in vivo. However, to date, only moderate image resolutions of 1.6 x 1.6 x 3.6 mm3 have been used for whole‐brain coverage RFR mapping in humans at 3 T. For more precise morphometrical examinations, higher spatial resolutions are desirable. Towards achieving the long‐term goal of increasing the spatial resolution of RFR mapping without increasing scan times, we explore the use of the recently introduced Transform domain NOise Reduction with DIstribution Corrected principal component analysis (T‐NORDIC) algorithm for thermal noise reduction. RFR acquisitions at 3 T were obtained from eight healthy participants (seven males and one female) aged 52 ± 20 years, including adiabatic T1ρ, T2ρ, and nonadiabatic Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF) in the rotating frame of rank n = 4 (RAFF4) with both 1.6 x 1.6 x 3.6 mm3 and 1.25 x 1.25 x 2 mm3 image resolutions. We compared RFR values and their confidence intervals (CIs) obtained from fitting the denoised versus nondenoised images, at both voxel and regional levels separately for each resolution and RFR metric. The comparison of metrics obtained from denoised versus nondenoised images was performed with a two‐sample paired t‐test and statistical significance was set at p less than 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The use of T‐NORDIC on the RFR images prior to the fitting procedure decreases the uncertainty of parameter estimation (lower CIs) at both spatial resolutions. The effect was particularly prominent at high‐spatial resolution for RAFF4. Moreover, T‐NORDIC did not degrade map quality, and it had minimal impact on the RFR values. Denoising RFR images with T‐NORDIC improves parameter estimation while preserving the image quality and accuracy of all RFR maps, ultimately enabling high‐resolution RFR mapping in scan times that are suitable for clinical settings.
Influence of the distance between projectiles in simultaneous multiple impacts on CFRP laminates
Authors: Paredes‐Gordillo Marco A. , Iváñez Inés , García‐Castillo Shirley K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComposite structures in the aerospace and railway industries frequently experience single or multiple low‐ or high‐velocity impacts. The dynamic behavior of composite structures under single impacts cannot be extrapolated to multiple impacts. This study investigates the influence of the distance between projectiles in simultaneous multiple impact scenarios using a finite element model for multiple impacts on carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate plates. The critical distance between projectiles, where stress wave interaction becomes significant, was identified. Results indicate that a distance between the centres of the projectiles of approximately two to three times the projectile diameter is the most damaging for simultaneous multiple impacts.Highlights
A finite element model for multiple impacts on CFRP laminate plates was developed.
Four different distances between projectiles were evaluated.
The ballistic limit, out‐of‐plane displacements, energy absorption, and related parameters were studied.
A distance of twice the projectile diameter was identified as the most critical.
The distance between projectiles significantly affects the synergistic effects.
Unprecedented monsoon precipitation over southwest Pakistan in 2022: Regional processes in moistening the climatological heat low
Authors: Annamalai H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring the 2022 Asian summer monsoon, the climatological driest parts of Sindh and Balochistan provinces in southwestern Pakistan and the northern Arabian Sea (regions of climatological heat low, HLOW) experienced unprecedented precipitation (>500% of the normal) whereas precipitation was reduced from the Indo‐Gangetic Plain to the tropical western Pacific. Our working hypothesis is that the weakened large‐scale monsoon is a direct response to tropical sea‐surface temperature: wave responses that develop in response to changes in diabatic heating anomalies over the regional precipitation centers within the Asian monsoon intensify and transition HLOW into an anomalous moist low. To validate the hypothesis, process‐oriented diagnostics are applied to European Centre of Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), and numerical experiments are performed with a linear atmospheric general circulation model. Model solutions confirm that the weakened large‐scale monsoon, essentially a linear response, is determined by persistent warm sea‐surface temperature and enhanced precipitation anomalies over the equatorial and southeastern Indian Ocean–Maritime Continent, and Rossby waves emanating from there, and from continental India, deepen the HLOW. Concomitantly, as a Rossby wave response to negative precipitation anomalies over the northern Bay of Bengal and Indochina during June, and their poleward migration during July–August, positive height anomalies develop and intensify over northern India. The resultant horizontal pressure gradient between HLOW and northern India drives concentrated low‐level wind anomalies that are efficient in advecting the strongest climatological moisture gradient to precondition the lower troposphere during June, and in determining the unprecedented precipitation during July–August when the seasonal cycle prevails over HLOW. Model sensitivity to horizontal moisture advection confirms ERA5 diagnostics. Nearly identical tropical forcing and large‐scale weakened monsoon responses are observed during 2010 and 2020. In these years, diagnostics identify subtle changes in latitudinal position of negative precipitation anomalies over the Bay of Bengal and Indo‐Gangetic Plain that lead to lesser contribution by horizontal moisture advection, resulting in weaker positive precipitation anomalies over southwest Pakistan.
Laser Beam Induced Charge Collection for Defect Mapping and Spin State Readout in Diamond
Authors: Reinhardt Dominic , Heupel Julia , Popov Cyril , Wunderlich Ralf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe detection of laser‐induced photo‐currents in diamond is shown with about 100 fA resolution in the pico‐ to nanoampere range. A micro‐electronic approach enables to work without using lock‐in techniques. For that purpose, a commercially available and low‐cost precision integrating amplifier is utilized on a home‐built printed circuit board. This technique is applied to three different diamond samples with different defect concentrations. Two ultra‐pure diamond samples with shallow implanted defects, predominantly nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers), are investigated. The third sample is an electron‐irradiated type Ib diamond with a much higher intrinsic defect concentration. For all samples, spatially resolved photo‐current maps as well as laser power and bias voltage‐dependent measurements are recorded. Furthermore, photo‐currents are successfully recorded without an applied bias voltage. Finally, the technique is used to perform continuous wave photoelectric detection of magnetic resonances (PDMR) using NV centers. The presented approach paves the way for time‐resolved photo‐current measurements of individual defects and pulsed PDMR measurements without lock‐in technology.
Single‐Beam Vector Atomic Magnetometer with High Dynamic Range Based on Magnetic Field Modulation
Authors: Chen Junlin , Jiang Liwei , Zhao Xin , Liu Jiali , Chai Yanchao , Tian Mengnan , Lu Zhenglong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn geophysical exploration and similar applications, magnetometers need to capture the complete magnetic field information, including both the magnitude and direction. Despite recent advancements in vector atomic magnetometers, they often face issues that hinder practical use. To overcome this, a high dynamic range single‐beam vector atomic magnetometer based on the nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) effect is proposed, utilizing a closed‐loop system with applied three‐axis modulation magnetic fields. In this method, closed‐loop measurement is achieved using a phase‐locked loop (PLL), with the frequencies of the applied modulation magnetic fields being significantly higher than the response bandwidth of the PLL. This allows directional information to be extracted from the modulation fields response signal and magnitude information from the PLL‐locked frequency. A theoretical analysis of the proposed method is conducted by establishing an NMOR atomic magnetometer model under arbitrary magnetic field directions and deriving the method for obtaining the magnetic field direction. In further experimental validation, it is demonstrated that the vector atomic magnetometer can achieve measurement of three‐axis vector magnetic fields, with a sensitivity of approximately for magnetic field magnitude, for inclination angle, and for azimuth angle.
Synthesis, Spectral Analysis and Molecular Docking Investigation of Thiadiazole Based Sulfonamide Derivatives: An Effective Approach Toward Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Khan Shoaib , Hussain Rafaqat , Khan Yousaf , Iqbal Tayyiaba , Tahir Yameena , Hafeez Abdul , Darwish Hany W. , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition is expected to affect 152 million in 2050. The current study comprises the evaluation of thiazole based thiadiazole bearing sulfonamide derivatives to treat Alzheimer's disease. A series of compounds (1‐15) were synthesized and were studied for their anti‐Alzheimer's potential. Their IC50 values lie in the range between (19.20±0.20 nM–2.50±0.20 nM) for AChE and (19.80±0.20 nM–3.30±0.50 nM) for AChE. Among all of them, analog 2, 7, 9, and 15 were reported to possess significant activity. Among all the members of series, compound 15 having IC50=2.50±0.20 nM and 3.30±0.50 nM for AChE and BuChE, respectively, emerged as the most promising candidate due to the presence of two electronegative fluorine (F) atoms. The small and highly electronegative fluorine atoms have the ability to block the enzyme's activity by forming strong hydrogen bonds with the amino acids of the target enzymes, thereby inhibiting their function. The efficacy of these novel compounds was studied in comparison to the standard drug donepezil having IC50=5.80±0.30 nM for AChE and IC50=6.30±0.81 nM BuChE. For further assessment of inhibition potential and mode of inhibition, molecular docking study of all the potent compounds was carried out. Further, the structural identity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques, including 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and High‐Resolution Electron Impact (HREI) Mass spectrometry, which provided detailed information about their molecular structure. ADME analysis of all the synthesized compounds confirmed their potential as drugs, indicating favorable pharmacokinetic properties and a promising drug profile.
Benzimidazole‐Containing Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Acar Çevik Ulviye , Işik Ayşen , Kaya Betül , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Rudrapal Mithun , Halimi Gresa , Karakaya Abdüllatif , Maryam Zahra , Celik İsmail , Evren Asaf Evrim , Ünver Hakan , Rana Bagci Emine , Yildirim Merve , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancikli Zafer Asım 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death today and remains a threat to human health. The advent of multi‐drug resistance and adverse effects make the current first‐line anti‐cancer medicines inadequate, despite the fact that numerous efforts have been made in the field of cancer therapy and significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Consequently, the development of novel anticancer drugs with high activity and minimal toxicity is imperative. The benzimidazole ring has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists due to its medicinal and pharmacological properties. The heterocyclic pharmacophore of benzimidazole is a crucial scaffold for developing pharmaceuticals and drugs. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of benzimidazole as a privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti‐cancer agents based on biological targets, such as VEGFR (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), PI3 K inhibitors (Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase), EGFR kinase inhibitors (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), PARPs (Poly ADP‐ribose polymerases), Tubulin Polymerization, HAT/HDAC (histone acetylase/histone deacetylase), SphK1 (Sphingosine kinase‐1 inhibitors), aromatase, carbonic anhydrase, and topoisomerase inhibitors. The last 5 years of literature have been reviewed and relevant studies have been summarized in this review.
A framework for developing systems engineering management for process plant acquisition projects
Authors: Moodley Denver , Oosthuizen Rudolph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSouth Africa has a history of poor performance on process plant acquisition projects in the process industry that apply chemical processes within large processing facilities to convert raw materials such as crude oil into fuel and by‐products. The most recent failures include the highly publicized Medupi and Kusile projects. This research is based on the acquisition or expansion of large process plants within petrochemical, mining, and energy, typically Systems of Systems integration projects. A significant component of their failings can be attributed to poor systems engineering and systems engineering management capabilities. Acquisition in the context of this study refers to all processes within the stage‐gate project development model from project inception to the beneficial operation of the acquired facility. Due to a lack of systems and tools to guide the development of systems engineers and systems engineering managers within the sector, this research was undertaken to develop an industry‐specific framework based on the INCOSE framework to support development and recruitment processes. A conceptual model derived from a literature survey was validated and improved with qualitative data gathered using structured open‐ended interviews with industry specialists and experts from organizations within the petrochemical, mining, and energy sectors. Insights regarding current recruitment practices and development processes were analyzed to validate the need for a tool and develop an appropriate model for its application. Finally, the analysis and general causes of project failures validated the contents of the framework by highlighting critical competencies and traits required to succeed within the sector.