bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why shouldn't I collect more data? Reconciling disagreements between intuition and value of information analyses
Authors: Holden Matthew H. , Akinlotan Morenikeji D. , Binley Allison D. , Cho Frankie H. T. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Chadès Iadine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Value of information (VoI) analysis is a method for quantifying how additional information may improve management decisions, with applications ranging from conservation to fisheries. However, VoI studies frequently suggest that collecting more data will not substantially improve management outcomes. This often contradicts the intuition of ecologists and managers who usually believe new information is critical for management. This inconsistency is exacerbated by the perception that VoI is a black‐box method. A lack of understanding as to why VoI is usually lower than ecologists expect is hampering on‐ground uptake. There is an urgent need to identify the factors that drive VoI methodology to produce low values.

Here, we use a rigorous approach to provide insights into why VoI values are often low. We first derive analytic solutions and upper bounds for a VoI problem with two uncertain states, two actions, and four management outcomes. We show how VoI changes with respect to the benefit (i.e. utility) of implementing actions in each state, and the probability the system is in each state. We apply our formulation to a published frog population management case study and extend the results numerically to 10 million randomly generated larger‐sized problems.

Zero VoI occurred half of the time in our two‐action two‐state simulations, corresponding to when one action is best, or equal best, across all states. Even when VoI values were positive, they were typically low. However, on average, VoI tended to increase with the number of states and actions. Our analytic expression for VoI, in the case where VoI is positive, demonstrates that VoI is characterized by the state probabilities and, the utility gaps, that is the difference in utility of deploying each action in each state. Our derived bounds reveal that, in all two‐action two‐state systems, VoI cannot be larger than half the largest utility gap.

Our simple, yet powerful, analysis provides precious insight into the important factors that drive VoI analysis. Our work provides an essential stepping stone towards increasing the interpretability of VoI analysis in more complex settings, ultimately empowering managers to use VoI to help inform their decisions.
Malta: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: FENECH DOMINIC 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe year in politics was marked by the exposure of a number of scandals, chief among which concerned the privatisation of three public hospitals. Polls still continued to give the governing Labour Party a strong lead over the opposition Nationalist Party, which showed little sign of recovery. The economy performed well, but inflation hit people's spending power, and sustained growth continued to be reflected in overcrowding and congestion. The abortion debate closed in an anti‐climax. A brighter picture emerged in foreign relations as Malta took its place in the UN Security Council and was chosen to chair the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Short‐term starvation activates AMPK and restores mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate, but fails to reverse associated neuronal senescence
Authors: Tagliafico Luca , Da Costa Renata T. , Boccia Lavinia , Kavehmoghaddam Sheida , Ramirez Bryan , Tokarska‐Schlattner Malgorzata , Scoma Ernest R. , Hambardikar Vedangi , Bonfiglio Tommaso , Caffa Irene , Monacelli Fiammetta , Schlattner Uwe , Betley J. Nicholas , Nencioni Alessio , Solesio Maria E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeuronal senescence is a major risk factor for the development of many neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms that drive neurons to senescence remain largely elusive; however, dysregulated mitochondrial physiology seems to play a pivotal role in this process. Consequently, strategies aimed to preserve mitochondrial function may hold promise in mitigating neuronal senescence. For example, dietary restriction has shown to reduce senescence, via a mechanism that still remains far from being totally understood, but that could be at least partially mediated by mitochondria. Here, we address the role of mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in the intersection between neuronal senescence and dietary restriction. PolyP is highly present in mammalian mitochondria; and its regulatory role in mammalian bioenergetics has already been described by us and others. Our data demonstrate that depletion of mitochondrial polyP exacerbates neuronal senescence, independently of whether dietary restriction is present. However, dietary restriction in polyP‐depleted cells activates AMPK, and it restores some components of mitochondrial physiology, even if this is not sufficient to revert increased senescence. The effects of dietary restriction on polyP levels and AMPK activation are conserved in differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells and brain tissue of male mice. Our results identify polyP as an important component in mitochondrial physiology at the intersection of dietary restriction and senescence, and they highlight the importance of the organelle in this intersection.
Time distance and mutual fund holding horizon: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment setting of high‐speed railway opening
Authors: Chen Xuanyi , Liu Qiliang , Tian Li , Wang Junbo , Xie Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing a quasi‐natural experiment, we investigate whether the opening of high‐speed railways affects mutual fund holdings. Applying the difference‐in‐difference method, we find that mutual fund holdings in remote listed companies increase after the introduction of high‐speed railways in their cities. This effect is primarily observed within the optimal interval of the railway. Opening high‐speed railways also facilitates mutual fund visits to remote listed companies, resulting in increased holdings.
The real effect of CSRC's random inspections on corporate financial fraud
Authors: Tan Changchun , Liu Leixin , Wu Huaqing , Zhou Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo optimise the regulatory approach, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) introduced the double‐random inspection policy (DRIP), which mandates that the provincial branches of the CSRC randomly select at least 5% of local listed firms each year and randomly assign inspectors to conduct on‐site inspections of their information disclosure and corporate governance practices. This paper investigates the real effect of the DRIP on corporate financial fraud. Performing a multi‐period synthetic difference‐in‐differences model (SDID), we first find that the random inspections of CSRC have a positive causal effect on the probability of exposing corporate financial fraud. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced for private firms and firms with poor accounting information quality. We then delve into the mechanisms through which random inspections affect corporate financial fraud. Our findings suggest that random inspections influence corporate behaviour by increasing media and investor attention, as well as prompting the issuance of inquiry letters by stock exchanges. Finally, we examine the economic consequences of random inspections and find that random inspections by the CSRC reduce firms' stock price crash risk.
Information, sentiment, and margin trading of Chinese stock market
Authors: Lin Hai , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines whether information or sentiment drives margin trading in the Chinese stock market. At the aggregate level, no conclusive evidence indicates a dominance of either information‐driven or sentiment‐driven margin trading activities. However, at the individual firm level, we observe both types of margin trading, underscoring the need to consider the heterogeneity of margin trading when reconciling previous research findings. Moreover, we find that the likelihood of sentiment‐driven margin trading significantly declined following regulators' implementation of stricter rules for margin trading in 2015.
Why it is timely to bring a new hormonal male contraceptive to the public – A 35‐year perspective of the authors
Authors: Swerdloff Ronald S. , Bremner William J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis perspective provides an overview of issues needed to bring a testosterone‐progestogen combined transdermal male hormonal contraceptive to the market. Large‐scale phase 2b trials are near completion and a pivotal trial to confirm efficacy and safety has been designed. We believe we are close to accomplishing the steps necessary to bring the first male‐directed effective, safe, and reversible pharmaceutical contraceptive approach to the public. If successful, we believe it will provide a new option for couples to consider in their family planning.
Holding slow time while scrolling fast: Young minds, handmade materialities, and imagination in the digital era
Authors: Broch Tuva Beyer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe digital era in which we live has led to countless online social movements, all driven by emotions. This paper builds on fieldwork that stretched over 2 years, starting March 2020 as Norway went into lockdown due to COVID‐19. Emotions as experienced online seem to differ from those that are materially embodied or physically present among the studies' 25 young adults. Through two young women, this paper explores reflections on slow writing, holding a letter in their hands, in juxtaposition to fast scrolling on their phones, receiving and sending messages and pictures. In the meetings between their hands and paper, their hands, and their phone screens, they sense time and experience emotions through touch and imaginaries. Amelia and Embla connect mind, body, and senses, as they share their understanding of touching what others have made by hand, imagining the thought behind the embodied materiality.
Post‐road traffic injury experiences and challenges faced by college students: A qualitative study in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Akkayasamy Vigneshwaran Subbiah , Panneer Sigamani , Cherian Reena Merin , Daniel Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a pressing public health concern in India, leading to a rise in injury‐related deaths, hospitalizations, and disabilities. India accounts for a significant portion of the world's fatal traffic accidents, with two‐wheelers being involved in the majority of these accidents. The impact of non‐fatal injuries on individuals extends beyond the bodily consequences of the injury and includes both the physical and psychological dimensions of the injury. The literature indicates the need for policy cascades and implementation framework for the prevention of road traffic injury. This study aimed to investigate the post‐RTI experiences and challenges faced by college students who experienced road traffic injury during their college life by using a qualitative research approach in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that college students who experienced RTIs faced a wide range of physical, emotional, and social difficulties. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to RTI prevention that takes into account the complex interplay of individual, environmental, and societal factors that contribute to RTIs. The study also underscores the urgent need to improve the quality and availability of healthcare and rehabilitation services for RTI survivors.
Anisotropy and Cross Fields
Authors: Simons L. , Amenta N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider a cross field, possibly with singular points of valence 3 or 5, in which all streamlines are finite, and either end on the boundary or form cycles. We show that we can always assign lengths to the two cross field directions to produce an anisotropic orthogonal frame field. There is a one‐dimensional family of such length functions, and we optimize within this family so that the two lengths are everywhere as similar as possible. This gives a numerical bound on the minimal anisotropy of any quad mesh exactly following the input cross field. We also show how to remove some limit cycles.
Randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a custom‐made, fully guided implant system for flapless crestal sinus floor elevation: Accuracy and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Kim Jongseung , Park Jin‐Young , Lee Joo‐Yeon , Kim Da‐mi , Lee Jungwon , Jung Ui‐Won , Lim Young‐Jun , Cha Jae‐Kook 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare fully guided flapless implant surgery using a light‐cured surgical guide (FG group) with partially guided open flap surgery (PG group) in the posterior maxilla when performing simultaneous sinus floor elevation in terms of the accuracy, time requirements, and patient/clinician‐reported outcomes (PROMs and CROMs).Materials and MethodsIn this study, 56 tissue‐level implants were placed with crestal sinus floor elevation in 56 patients at single‐tooth sites, with 28 implants allocated to the PG group and 28 to the FG group. The deviations of the placed implants from the virtually planned positions were measured at the implant platform and apex and for the angular deviation. The presurgical preparation time and the duration of surgery were measured. PROMs and CROMs were made by administering questionnaires at multiple time points.ResultsHorizontal deviations at the platform and apex and the angular deviation were significantly smaller in the FG group than the PG group (p < .05). Presurgical preparation and surgery times were significantly shorter in the FG group (p < .001). Patient satisfaction and willingness to receive repeat treatment were significantly better in the FG group than in the PG group (p < .005 and .025, respectively). Clinicians were more satisfied in the FG group than the PG group (p < .05).ConclusionWhen placing an implant with sinus floor elevation, the flapless approach using a fully guided surgical system can be more accurate, faster, and increase the satisfaction of both the clinician and patient compared to the partially guided surgery.
Early administration of ketorolac after cardiac surgery and postoperative complications: Analysis of the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Liu Yi , Pan Bo , Liu Jie , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInflammation may contribute to postoperative cardiac complications and ketorolac, an anti‐inflammatory agent inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), shows promise in enhancing cardiac graft patency by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation in animal studies. However, the safety of postoperative ketorolac use remains controversial. This study investigates the association between early ketorolac application and complications following cardiac surgery. Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐IV (MIMIC‐IV) database fueled this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality, pulmonary insufficiency, severe acute kidney injury (AKI), hemorrhage or hematoma, infection, cardiogenic shock, and cerebrovascular infarction postcardiac surgery. Propensity score matching (PSM; 1:1 match, caliper 0.2), multivariate logistic regression, interaction stratification analysis, pairwise algorithmic, and overlap weight model analyses were employed. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7143 patients who underwent valvular surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. PSM created a balanced cohort of 3270 individuals (1635 in the ketorolac group). The matched cohort exhibited an 8.1% overall rate of postoperative complications, with a lower composite outcome rate in patients receiving ketorolac within 48 h of surgery compared with those without (PSM, OR 0.70 [95% CI, 0.54–0.90]). Consistent associations were observed in total cohort analyses, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses. Early ketorolac use within 48 h post‐CABG or valvular procedures in adults is independently associated with a lower incidence of composite postoperative adverse events. Prospective trials are warranted to assess causality.
Trends in hospitalization for cardio‐renal disease and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes in England, 2009–2019
Authors: Holman Naomi , Young Bob , Gregg Edward W. , Wareham Nick , Sharp Stephen , Khunti Kamlesh , Sattar Naveed , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo assess mortality and complication trends in people with type 1 diabetes during the 11 years before the SARS‐CoV2 pandemic (2009–2019).Materials and MethodsSequential cohorts of people in England with type 1 diabetes aged ≥20 years from the National Diabetes Audit (2006/2007 to 2016/2017) were analysed. Discretized Poisson regression models, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and duration of diabetes, were used to calculate mortality and hospitalization rates.ResultsDemographic characteristics changed little; average diabetes duration increased. All‐cause mortality was unchanged. Cardiovascular and kidney disease mortality declined. Mortality from respiratory disease, diabetes and dementia increased in younger people (aged 20–74 years) as did mortality from liver disease and dementia in the elderly (aged ≥75 years). Younger Asian and Black people had lower all‐cause mortality than those of White ethnicity; elderly Mixed, Asian and Black people had lower all‐cause mortality. People from more deprived areas had higher all‐cause mortality. The deprivation gradient for mortality was steeper at younger ages. In younger people, rates of hospitalization increased for myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease but only for kidney disease in the elderly. Rates of a composite measure of cardiovascular hospitalizations increased in younger people (rate ratio [RR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.11) but declined in the elderly (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.95).ConclusionBetween 2009 and 2019, hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease increased at younger ages (20–74 years) and hospitalizations for kidney disease increased at all ages, but mortality from cardiovascular and kidney disease declined. All‐cause mortality rates were unchanged.
The hidden lessons in textbooks: Gender representation and stereotypes in European mathematics and language books
Authors: Jehle Astrid M. C. , Groeneveld Marleen G. , van de Rozenberg Tessa M. , Mesman Judi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis cross‐national European comparison examined gender representation and stereotypes in mathematics and language textbooks from Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Romania. The results showed that female characters were numerically underrepresented. Female characters were also less often a main character or individually portrayed compared to male characters, but not proportionally to the overall lower number of female characters. Characters in occupational roles were less often female than male, whereas among characters with gender non‐conform characteristics, these were more often female than male in some textbooks. There was no sexual diversity among characters. The differences in gender representation are found within each country, but gender differences were smaller in more gender‐egalitarian countries. If textbooks are to offer the same learning benefits to both boys and girls, students should be equally represented in a diversity of roles and occupations.
How national and school cultural factors influence the link between distributed leadership and collective teacher innovativeness: Testing a multilevel moderated mediation model
Authors: Erdoğan Onur , Sezgin Ferudun , Özdemir Servet , Özdemir Nedim , Zepeda Sally J. , Kılınç Ali Çağatay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to test a multilevel moderated mediation model, where the association between distributed leadership (DL) and collective teacher innovativeness (CTI) was examined, with collectivism (COL) included as the moderator and supportive school culture (SSC) as a mediator. Using data from 829 teachers employed in 61 elementary and lower secondary schools in Turkey, we conducted multilevel structural equation modelling through Bayesian to estimate the structural links between our study variables. Our results showed significant indirect effects of DL on CTI via SSC. The findings also extend the literature by suggesting the significant moderator role of COL on the indirect link between DL and CTI via SSC. We discuss implications for policy and practice.
Effects of word extension on decoding development in Brazilian young readers: Theoretical and practical implications
Authors: Soares Aparecido José Couto , Fortunato‐Tavares Talita , Befi‐Lopes Débora Maria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeAlthough the knowledge of decoding acquisition has expanded in the past years, theoretical information is still needed to guide practices concerning decoding skills in clinical and educational scenarios in languages other than English. Thus, we aimed to investigate the word‐length effects on decoding acquisition regarding the time spent on decoding and the accuracy—the number of correct words/nonwords read per minute—in Brazilian Portuguese‐Speakers.MethodsThe study included 250 children enrolled in elementary school from first to fifth grade, and we used stratified random sampling to select the participants. To assess their decoding skills, we used a linguistically balanced list of words and nonwords designed according to Brazilian Portuguese decoding rules, word length variation, and the frequency of these words in the children's experiences.ResultsGenerally, data provide evidence of a stimuli length effect on accuracy and decoding time for words and nonwords. Data bring essential indicators for discussion in the acquisition and development of decoding since it adds another layer to investigate: intralinguistic features.ConclusionThe current findings contribute significantly to the area by indicating that the process of acquiring decoding has a multifactorial nature, and different interactions between variables can positively or negatively influence this process. Also, the present study may enlarge the knowledge by providing data from a transparent orthography encouraging more studies on the theme and cross‐linguistic studies to understand how such variables here studied may vary in different orthographies.
Role of mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contacts in neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions
Authors: Ilaria Serangeli , Tamara Diamanti , Antonella De Jaco , Elena Miranda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) mediate a close and continuous communication between both organelles that is essential for the transfer of calcium and lipids to mitochondria, necessary for cellular signalling and metabolic pathways. Their structural and molecular characterisation has shown the involvement of many proteins that bridge the membranes of the two organelles and maintain the structural stability and function of these contacts. The crosstalk between the two organelles is fundamental for proper neuronal function and is now recognised as a component of many neurological disorders. In fact, an increasing proportion of MERC proteins take part in the molecular and cellular basis of pathologies affecting the nervous system. Here we review the alterations in MERCs that have been reported for these pathologies, from neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Although mitochondrial abnormalities in these debilitating conditions have been extensively attributed to the high energy demand of neurons, a distinct role for MERCs is emerging as a new field of research. Understanding the molecular details of such alterations may open the way to new paths of therapeutic intervention.