bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thick and Thin Borders in theEuropeanUnion: How Deep Internal Integration is Within Countries, and How Shallow Between Them
Authors: Gallego Nuria , Llano Carlos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe existence of large border effects is one of the main puzzles of international macroeconomics. The seminal paper byMcCallum found that trade between any twoCanadian provinces was (on average) 22 times greater than trade between anyCanadian province and anyUSstate. Although various authors have estimated internal and external border effects for the wholeEuropeanUnion and some specificEuropean countries, none has done so in the manner thatMcCallum's seminal paper, stymied by lack of data on region‐to‐region international trade flows. This study uses a novel data set that captures intra and international truck shipments betweenSpanish regions and regions in sevenEuropean countries during the period 2004–11. It computes internal and external border effects, offering novel results for aggregate flows and the importing countries, and estimates several specifications of the gravity equation, so as to tackle such issues as the multilateral resistance term, heteroscedasticity, and zero flows and non‐linear relation between trade and distance. The paper also adds a detailed analysis on the external border effect for eachSpanish exporting region and each of the sevenEuropean countries considered. By means of this analysis, we shed new light on therelative integrationbetween regions of these seven countries andSpanish exporting regions. Finally, we conduct an extrapolation exercise, computing the ‘trade potentials’ that would be expected in a fully integratedEurope and estimating how long full integration would take to achieve between eachSpanish exporting region and eachEuropean importing country. To this regard, two alternative scenarios are considered: one using the growth rates of theSpanish exports before the crisis (2001–08) and other considering the post‐crisis growth rates (2011–13).
From Crease Pattern to Product: Considerations to Engineering Origami-Adapted Designs
Authors: Francis Kevin C. , Rupert Levi T. , Lang Robert J. , Morgan David C. , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: January 2015

Origami art provides possible inspiration for products that require extreme portability, stowability, and deployability. Origami-based design represents a possible source of innovative configurations for engineered products, which could meet challenging design situations. However, a fundamental gap exists between paper-based origami art and engineered products. This work proposes a basic terminology for origami-based design, and presents areas of consideration for cases where the final engineering design is directly related to a crease pattern. The considerations are applied after the crease pattern has been selected for a given application. Four areas of consideration are discussed: 1) rigid-foldability 2) crease characterization 3) material properties and dimensions and 4) manufacturing.
Two diverse examples are used to illustrate these areas of consideration: design for a backpack shell, and design of a shroud for an adjustable C-Arm x-ray device.
Stress-Constrained Thermo-Elastic Topology Optimization: A Topological Sensitivity Approach
Authors: Deng Shiguang , Suresh Krishnan , Joo James 
Published: January 2015

The focus of this paper is on thermo-elastic topology optimization where the structure is subject to both mechanical and thermal loads. Such problems are of significant importance, for example, in the aircraft industry where structures subject to aerodynamic forces and thermal-gradients must be optimized.
A popular strategy for solving such problems is Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) where pseudo-densities serve as optimization parameters. Yet another strategy is the Rational Approximation of Material Properties (RAMP) that overcomes some of the deficiencies of SIMP. Both methods fundamentally rely on parameterization of the material properties as a function of the pseudo-densities.
Here we consider an alternate level-set approach that relies on the concept of topological sensitivity. The advantages of the proposed method over SIMP and RAMP are: (1) ad hoc material parameterization is not required (2) the stresses are well-defined at all points within the evolving topology and (3) the underlying stiffness matrices are always well-conditioned. The proposed method is illustrated through numerical experiments.
Integrated Part Classification for Product Cost and Complexity Reduction
Authors: Nagiligari Babu K. , Shah Jimish , Sha Zhenghui , Thirugnanam Sathishkumar , Jain Anurag , Panchal Jitesh 
Published: January 2015

The manufacturing industry is moving towards a truly global arena. Organizations are adopting the philosophy of “design anywhere, manufacture anywhere, and sell anywhere”. Global operations with local focus have become the core of an organization’s strategy. Organizations are trying to have a vast product portfolio with mass customization to meet the customers’ increasing demand for personalized products. While expanding the product portfolio and bringing new products to the market the aspect of product sustenance across its life cycle is often missed out. With regulatory standards becoming more stringent, product maintenance and retirement are becoming challenging and costly. The aspect of “circular economy” is extending the life of the product and individual parts beyond the traditional end of life with re-fabrication, reconditioning and recycling of parts. The part-level detailing is becoming very important at the design stage. This provides huge growth opportunities for organizations, but comes with challenges of increased complexity, variety and cost.
One of the potential ways to address the challenges listed above is the availability and maintenance of part-level information and dynamic traceability across the lifecycle, enriched with cross functional inputs. This is important for business decision making during product portfolio planning and product design in both proactive and reactive scenarios. Based on the authors’ industry experience across multiple product development organizations, it is evident that there is limited awareness of the potential of classification and its impact beyond basic part search and reuse. In this paper, we discuss the need for an integrated, cross-functional model and a common database for part information management. We present an agent-based simulation to show the benefits of such an integrated modeling strategy. In the process, the approach has the potential to also bring configurability of the product till the end of life. Configurability is from the aspect of making a product that will perform to meet customer needs along with delivering profit for business and being compliant with various regulatory norms.
Control of a Shape Memory Alloy Based Self-Folding Sheet
Authors: Halbert Tyler , Moghadas Peyman , Malak Richard , Hartl Darren 
Published: January 2015

The practice of achieving engineering functionality through folding and fold-like operations — known as origami engineering — is receiving increased attention in the research community. Self-folding systems are of particular interest due to their potential to operate (semi-) autonomously in applications across a wide range of length scales. In recent work, we created a reconfigurable self-folding sheet using shape memory alloy (SMA) layers to achieve fold-like behavior. The prior work was devoted to modeling, simulation, and experimentation with the sheet. No attempt had been made to control the sheet. This paper extends our prior work to include feedback control of the self-folding sheet. In particular, the goal is to perform fold control — the use of feedback control to ensure the sheet achieves a desired folded configuration.
Control of SMA material is difficult due to its hysteretic nature. This application involves a laminate material with embedded SMA wires, which further complicates control due to the interaction of the wires with each layer of the sheet. We explore two feedback control methods, On/Off and PID, using a simulation framework for controller evaluation. In the interest of computational efficiency, we introduce a new model for sheet behavior based on classical laminate theory. This allows for a significant reduction in computational cost compared to the finite element models we used in prior work with only a modest tradeoff in terms of accuracy. Our results show that both control methods are capable of performing fold control, but that the On/Off controller is superior in terms of energy requirements.
Dynamics of an Imperfect Microbeam Considering its Exact Shape
Authors: Bataineh Ahmad M. , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: January 2015

We study the static and dynamic behavior of electrically actuated micromachined arches. First, we conduct experiments on micromachined polysilicon beams by driving them electrically and varying their amplitude and frequency of voltage loads. The results reveal several interesting nonlinear phenomena of jumps, hysteresis, and softening behaviors. Next, we conduct analytical and theoretical investigation to understand the experiments. First, we solve the Eigen value problem analytically. We study the effect of the initial rise on the natural frequency and mode shapes, and use a Galerkin-based procedure to derive a reduced order model, which is then used to solve both the static and dynamic responses.
We use two symmetric modes in the reduced order model to have accurate and converged results. We use long time integration to solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and then modify our model using effective length to match experimental results.
To further improve the matching with the experimental data, we curve-fit the exact profile of the microbeam to match the experimentally measured profile and use it in the reduced-order model to generate frequency-response curves.
Finally, we use another numerical technique, the shooting technique, to solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. By using shooting and the curve fitted function, we found that we get good agreement with the experimental data.
Powering Pacemakers With a Nonlinear Hybrid Rotary-Translational Energy Harvester
Authors: Kuch Benjamin , Karami M. Amin 
Published: January 2015

An application of a nonlinear Hybrid Rotary-Translational (HRT) generator is presented. An HRT generator differs from traditional energy harvesting devices in that it has the ability to harvest multi-axis base excitation. The device consists of a pendulum-like system whose rotations are caused by the base excitations. The swinging pendulum is coupled to a direct current micro generator to generate electricity.
The considered application is the energy harvesting from heartbeat induced vibrations. The motivation behind studying the effectiveness of this application comes from battery hindrance. The use of relatively large batteries to power pacemakers presents many medical problems, including increasing the size of the device to accommodate the battery causing surgery complications as well as needing periodic battery replacement. An energy harvesting device can eliminate the need for such a battery, relying instead on the power generated by the beating heart.
The nonlinearity of the device allows constant power to be generated across a wider range of frequencies (heartbeats per minute). The contractions of the heart are considered to be the base excitations of the device, causing the pendulum to swing. To validate and then optimize the design of the HRT system, the behavior and the power generation of the system will be studied under different parameters: size of generator, mass and length of pendulum components as well as frequency of heart beats (beats per minute). This presents an interesting design problem whose goal is to find the best HRT parameters that would result in generating the sufficient amounts of power required by pacemakers.
A method in approximating the nonlinear dynamics of the electro-mechanical energy harvesting system is also presented. By studying the analytical solutions to the nonlinear electromechanical system under a sine wave excitation, we can gain insight into the problem. The extent of this paper will only cover the analytical solution to the vertically excited pendulum. Perturbation methods, specifically the multiple scales method will be employed to study the effects of forcing amplitude and frequency on the system behavior and the energy harvesting system.
Design of a Wearable Scissored-Pair Control Moment Gyroscope (SP-CMG) for Human Balance Assist
Authors: Chiu Jimmy , Goswami Ambarish 
Published: January 2015

Our research examines the feasibility of usign a wearable scissored-pair control moment gyroscope (CMG) for human balance assist. The CMG is a momentum exchange device consisting of a fast spinning flywheel mounted on a gimbal. The gimbal motion changes the direction of the flywheel rotation axis, which generates a reactionless torque. A scissored-pair CMG has the additional advantage of isolating the output torque to a single axis, where off-axis torques are canceled out. A properly designed CMG device worn as a backpack can apply a torque in the sagittal plane of the human trunk. This can help in restoring postural balance and in fall mitigation.
This paper describes the complete design process of a scissored-pair CMG device with constraints on size, mass and dynamic properties for human wearability. A prototype of this device is built, utilizing a novel dual-flywheel design; it weighs about 8kg and is able to generate over 20Nm of torque. A custom hardware is built specifically for verifying the torque output of the device. To our knowledge this is the only device that generates the range of reactionless torque given its weight and size.
Hydrazidase, a Novel Amidase Signature Enzyme That Hydrolyzes Acylhydrazides
Authors: Oinuma Ken-Ichi , Takuwa Atsushi , Taniyama Kosuke , Doi Yuki , Takaya Naoki 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The degradation mechanisms of natural and artificial hydrazides have been elucidated. Here we screened and isolated bacteria that utilize the acylhydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 1-phenylethylidene hydrazide (HBPH) from soils. Physiological and phylogenetic studies identified one bacterium as
Microbacterium
sp. strain HM58-2, from which we purified intracellular hydrazidase, cloned its gene, and prepared recombinant hydrazidase using an
Escherichia coli
expression system. The
Microbacterium
sp. HM58-2 hydrazidase is a 631-amino-acid monomer that was 31% identical to indoleacetamide hydrolase isolated from
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
. Phylogenetic studies indicated that the
Microbacterium
sp. HM58-2 hydrazidase constitutes a novel hydrazidase group among amidase signature proteins that are distributed within proteobacteria, actinobacteria, and firmicutes. The hydrazidase stoichiometrically hydrolyzed the acylhydrazide residue of HBPH to the corresponding acid and hydrazine derivative. Steady-state kinetics showed that the enzyme hydrolyzes structurally related 4-hydrozybenzamide to hydroxybenzoic acid at a lower rate than HBPH, indicating that the hydrazidase prefers hydrazide to amide. The hydrazidase contains the catalytic Ser-Ser-Lys motif that is conserved among members of the amidase signature family; it shares a catalytic mechanism with amidases, according to mutagenesis findings, and another hydrazidase-specific mechanism must exist that compensates for the absence of the catalytic Ser residue. The finding that an environmental bacterium produces hydrazidase implies the existence of a novel bacterial mechanism of hydrazide degradation that impacts its ecological role.
VSL#3 induces and maintains short-term clinical response in patients with active microscopic colitis: a two-phase randomised clinical trial
Authors: Rohatgi Sarika , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K , Rai Tarun , Das Prasenjit , Dattagupta Siddharth , Mishra Veena , Garg Sushil Kumar 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe probiotic mixture VSL#3 has proven efficacious in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome; however, its efficacy in microscopic colitis (MC) is being investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a multistrain probiotic, VSL#3, in inducing clinical remission and achieving clinical response, as compared with mesalamine, in patients with active MC.MethodsA randomised, open labelled study comparing the efficacy of 900 billion colony-forming units/day of VSL#3 (group (Gp) A) or 1.6 g of mesalamine/day (Gp B) for 8 weeks in 30 patients with MC was conducted. After a washout period of 2 weeks, Gp B received 8 weeks of VSL#3 and Gp A was off medication for the next 8 weeks. The primary end points were clinical remission and clinical response at 8 weeks.ResultsOf 30 patients, 15 were randomised in each arm. 11 patients in Gp A and 13 patients in Gp B completed 8 weeks of treatment. 5 (46%) of 11 patients in Gp A and 1 (8%) of 13 patients in Gp B attained clinical remission (p=0.022). Clinical response was seen in Gp A, as evidenced by a lower stool weight (377.6±104.5 g) as compared with Gp B (507±168.2 g; p=0.03). VSL#3 was effective in maintaining clinical response up to 10 weeks, even after discontinuation of therapy. Secondary end points like stool parameters, histology and well-being improved in both treatment groups.ConclusionsThe probiotic VSL#3 was found to offer the benefit of inducing as well as maintaining short-term clinical response in patients with active MC.Trial registration numberThe clinical trial is registered with CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY INDIA;http://ctri.nic.in, CTRI No. “CTRI/2008/091/000086” (registered on: 23/06/2008).
Documentation and treatment of hypertension: quality of care and missed opportunities in a family medicine resident clinic
Authors: So Phillip , Lin Steven Y 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
In the USA, uncontrolled hypertension contributes to 1000 deaths a day. However, little is known about the quality of hypertension management in family medicine resident clinics.

Objectives
To examine rates of documentation and treatment of elevated blood pressure, and to identify missed opportunities to address hypertension.
Study design A cross-sectional chart review of 1011 adult patient visits between 2 January and 4 February 2013 was performed in a resident-run federally qualified health centre. For patients with elevated blood pressure at time of visit, we noted whether or not the residents had documented a diagnosis or discussion of hypertension and the presence or absence of a treatment plan. We compared these rates with those from a national sample of primary care physicians.

Results
262/1011 (26%) of adult patients had elevated blood pressure at time of visit. Of those, 115/262 (44%) had documentation and a plan for treatment, 79/262 (30%) had documentation but no plan, and 68/262 (26%) had neither documentation nor plan. Nationally, 45% of patients are diagnosed and treated compared with 44% of study visits with documentation and treatment.

Conclusions
Fewer than half of visits of patients with elevated blood pressure resulted in both documentation and a treatment plan. Nevertheless, these rates are comparable to national providers. Elevated blood pressure was more likely to be missed during acute visits and in patients with less elevated blood pressure.
Republished: Mucinous tumours of appendix and ovary: an overview and evaluation of current practice
Authors: Rouzbahman Marjan , Chetty Runjan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Mucinous lesions of the appendix and ovary are commonly encountered in routine practice. There are several published classification schemes for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with resultant inconsistent use of terms and clinical doubt. While nomenclature is more settled with regards to ovarian mucinous neoplasms, the difficulty here lies with distinguishing primary from secondary mucinous tumours. This review highlights the terminology and nomenclature for appendiceal mucinous tumours, the relationship with ovarian mucinous neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei, and the features that assist in separating primary from secondary ovarian mucinous tumours.
Cyclic neutropenia in a basset hound
Authors: Köster Liza , Harper Cindy , Goddard Amelia 
Published: January 2015

A six‐month‐old male basset hound was referred for intermittent malaise and pyrexia that repeated every 10–11 days. Sequential blood counts and bone marrow aspirates demonstrated severe neutropenia and increased myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow from day 2 of each cycle. By day 5, the bone marrow had predominantly mature neutrophils and band cells, and by day 10 the myeloid precursors had decreased with a myeloid:erythroid of 0.4:1. During the same period, the blood neutrophils had rebounded to normal counts by day 5 and were declining by days 9 and 10. The monocytes and platelets were oscillating in an opposite phase to the neutrophils. The age of onset, regular cycle length, oscillations of neutrophil, platelet and monocyte counts and characteristic bone marrow cytology were diagnostic for cyclic neutropenia. This syndrome has never before been described in any breed other than the grey collie. The grey collie gene mutation was not found in this dog. However, based on the clinical signs and haematological and bone marrow results, it can be deduced that cyclic neutropenia may develop as a result of other mutations in neutrophil elastase expression.
Clinical Outcomes of Treatment by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Index Revascularization in Ontario
Authors: Chan William , Ivanov Joan , Ko Dennis , Fremes Stephen , Rao Vivek , Jolly Sanjit , Cantor Warren J. , Lavi Shahar , Overgaard Christopher B. , Ruel Marc , Tu Jack V. , Džavík Vladimír 
Published: January 2015

Background—
There is a paucity of data on the comparative effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention using contemporary drug-eluting stent (DES) compared with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods and Results—

A population-based study was performed using the Cardiac Care Network, a provincial registry of all patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in Ontario, to evaluate patients treated with either percutaneous coronary intervention using DES or CABG between October 1, 2008, and September 30, 2011. Chronic kidney disease was defined as creatinine clearance <60 mL/min. A total of 1786 propensity-matched patients from 4006 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing index revascularization for multivessel disease with either DES or isolated CABG (n=893 each group) were analyzed. Baseline and procedural characteristics between percutaneous coronary intervention and CABG groups were well-balanced, including urgent revascularization priority, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular function, and 3-vessel disease. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year Kaplan–Meier survival analyses in propensity-matched patients favored CABG (93.2% versus 89.3%; 86.6% versus 80.3%; 80.8% versus 71.5%, respectively;
P
<0.001). The CABG cohort had greater 1-, 2-, and 3-year freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (89.4% versus 71.2%; 81.9% versus 60.5%; 75.2% versus 51.8%, respectively;
P
<0.001). Cox regression analysis identified DES use to be associated with greater hazard for late mortality (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–1.90) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (2.62; 2.28–3.01; all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
In this large provincial registry, CABG was associated with improved early and late clinical outcomes when compared with percutaneous coronary intervention using DES in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing index revascularization.