bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Take‐Back Legislation: Consequences for Remanufacturing and Environment
Authors: Esenduran Gökçe , Kemahlıoğlu‐Ziya Eda , Swaminathan Jayashankar M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn the last two decades, many countries have enacted product take‐back legislation that holds manufacturers responsible for the collection and environmentally sound treatment of end‐of‐use products. In an industry regulated by such legislation, we consider a manufacturer that also sells remanufactured products under its brand name. Using a stylized model, we consider three levels of legislation: no take‐back legislation, legislation with collection targets, and legislation with collection and reuse targets. We characterize the optimal solution for the manufacturer and analyze how various levels of legislation affect manufacturing, remanufacturing, and collection decisions. First, we explore whether legislation with only collection targets causes an increase in remanufacturing levels, which is argued to be an environmentally friendlier option for end‐of‐use treatment than other options such as recycling. While increased remanufacturing alone is usually perceived as a favorable environmental outcome, if one considers the overall environmental impact of new and remanufactured products, this might not be the case. To study this issue, we model the environmental impact of the product following a life cycle analysis–based approach. We characterize the conditions under which increased remanufacturing due to take‐back legislation causes an increase in total environmental impact. Finally, we model the impact of legislation on consumer surplus and manufacturer profits and identify when total welfare goes down because of legislation.
Miniscrew implant fracture and effects of such retained tip on dentin–pulp complex: a histological report
Authors: Ahmed Valai Kasim Shakeel , Krishnaswamy Nathamuni Rengarajan , Thavarajah Rooban 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMiniscrew implants provide an excellent orthodontic anchorage. Besides the clinical benefits, miniscrew implants cause minor discomforts and in certain instances poses problematic complications. Damage to the adjacent tooth structure is the most feared complication of miniscrew implant placement, while fracture of miniscrew implants is the rarest. Miniscrew fracture could occur either during its placement or during its removal. An unusual case report is presented of a miniscrew implant tip fracture following root contact while attempting to remove it. This report highlights the effect of such miniscrew implant fracture on the dentin–pulp complex. The present case is probably the first to give direct histological evidence in humans that a miniscrew fracture or a retained miniscrew implant tip along the dentin/cementum without obvious miniscrew implant penetration could elicit pulp changes. Therefore this case report emphasizes the fact that prior to placing miniscrew implant, clinicians should have acquired proper training and adequate skills in terms of MSI placement and management of fractured MSI.
Smoking and philadelphia‐negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Lindholm Sørensen Anders , Hasselbalch Hans Carl 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveA single‐institution case–control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that a history of smoking was associated with a higher risk of developing MPNs compared to CLL.MethodsCases (n = 323) were all MPN patients diagnosed in a 10‐year period, and controls (n = 333) were all patients with CLL diagnosed during that same period. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and adjusted for gender and age by logistic regression.ResultsA significant association between a personal history of smoking and the risk of MPNs compared to CLL were observed for all MPNs (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.25–2.40) and for the WHO 2008 classified MPNs (OR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.16–2.30).ConclusionsNo other larger case–control study has described a positive association between the risk of MPN and a history of smoking in the general MPN population. This association might be explained by the chronic inflammatory state and oxidative stress in response to smoking, eliciting genomic instability in the stem cell compartment and ultimately clonal evolution resulting in MPNs.
Interferon‐α induces marked alterations in circulating regulatory T cells, NK cell subsets, and dendritic cells in patients with JAK2V617F‐positive essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera
Authors: Riley Caroline H. , Brimnes Marie K. , Hansen Morten , Jensen Morten Krogh , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Kjaer Lasse , Straten Per thor , Svane Inge Marie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLong‐term therapy with IFN‐α2 is associated with sustained major molecular remissions in JAK2‐positive ET and PV. The efficacy of IFN‐α2 may be partly mediated by modulation of immune cells, which was investigated in twenty patients with ET (n = 6) and PV (n = 14). The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells was significantly increased during IFN‐α2 treatment in all patients (P < 0.0001). A significant expansion of the CD56bright NK cells (P = 0.0002) and a concomitant decrease in the frequency of CD56dim NK cells (P < 0.0001) were also detected. Myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) were studied in nine patients, and decreased frequencies of both cell types were observed during the course of treatment. On both mDCs and pDCs, HLA‐ABC expression was upregulated (P = 0.003), but decreasing expression levels of HLA‐DR was detected on mDCs. The expression of CD40 (P = 0.002), CD83 (P = 0.03), and CD86 (P = 0.01) increased, but was confined to pDCs. Furthermore, PD‐L1 expression was reduced on mDC (P = 0.003) and increased on pDCs (P = 0.02). No significant correlations were found between the changes in immune cells and hematological or molecular responses achieved in our cohort of patients. So forth, it remains to be revealed whether the profound changes in circulating immune cells contribute to the beneficial effects of long‐term IFN‐α2 treatment in some patients.
A method for identifying associations between seizures and possible trigger events in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Illingworth Josephine L. , Watson Peter , Xu Stanley , Manford Mark , Ring Howard 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectivesPrecipitants of seizures are often reported by patients and carers, but the accuracy of these claims remains unknown. Focusing on epilepsy in people with intellectual disability (ID), the aims of this work were to (1) identify a set of methods for assessing the validity of reported seizure triggers in individual patients; and (2) undertake an initial assessment of the ease of implementation and acceptability of the method by applying it to a series of cases.MethodsData collection materials (developed with carer involvement) consisted primarily of carer diaries of seizure and trigger occurrences. Statistical analysis of diary data was using the self‐controlled case series method. Unlike previously used methods, the analysis method included a means of choosing the time window, following trigger exposure, during which changes in seizure likelihood are to be assessed.ResultsThe method developed was trialed in five adults with ID and epilepsy, who had a range of ID severities and living circumstances. Examples of the application of the method in two of the five cases are presented for illustrative purposes. The method was acceptable to participants and most aspects successfully implemented.SignificanceThis method may be useful for clinicians and researchers wishing to investigate possible triggers in individual patients with epilepsy and ID. It also supports the identification of a statistically defined time window following exposure to a precipitant, during which the risk of developing a seizure is increased. The identification of such a window has value not just in contributing to clinical management, but also in guiding future work into the mechanisms of seizure precipitation.
Coparental Affect, Children's Emotion Dysregulation, and Parent and Child Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Thomassin Kristel , Suveg Cynthia , Davis Molly , Lavner Justin A. , Beach Steven R. H. 
Published: September 2015

Children's emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms are known to be affected by a range of individual (parent, child) and systemic (parent–child, marital, and family) characteristics. The current study builds on this literature by examining the unique role of coparental affect in children's emotion dysregulation, and whether this association mediates the link between parent and child depressive symptoms. Participants were 51 mother–father–child triads with children aged 7 to 12 (M age = 9.24 years). Triads discussed a time when the child felt sad and a time when the child felt happy. Maternal and paternal displays of positive affect were coded, and sequential analyses examined the extent to which parents were congruent in their displays of positive affect during the emotion discussions. Results indicated that interparental positive affect congruity (IPAC) during the sadness discussion, but not the happiness discussion, uniquely predicted parent‐reported child emotion dysregulation, above and beyond the contributions of child negative affect and parental punitive reactions. The degree of IPAC during the sadness discussion and child emotion dysregulation mediated the association between maternal, but not paternal, depressive symptoms and child depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the unique role of coparental affect in the socialization of sadness in youth and offer initial support for low levels of IPAC as a risk factor for the transmission of depressive symptoms in youth.
Warmer, deeper, and greener mixed layers in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre over the last 50 years
Authors: Martinez Elodie , Raitsos Dionysios E. , Antoine David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractShifts in global climate resonate in plankton dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, and marine food webs. We studied these linkages in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASG), which hosts extensive phytoplankton blooms. We show that phytoplankton abundance increased since the 1960s in parallel to a deepening of the mixed layer and a strengthening of winds and heat losses from the ocean, as driven by the low frequency of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In parallel to these bottom‐up processes, the top‐down control of phytoplankton by copepods decreased over the same time period in the western NASG, following sea surface temperature changes typical of the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO). While previous studies have hypothesized that climate‐driven warming would facilitate seasonal stratification of surface waters and long‐term phytoplankton increase in subpolar regions, here we show that deeper mixed layers in the NASG can be warmer and host a higher phytoplankton biomass. These results emphasize that different modes of climate variability regulate bottom‐up (NAO control) and top‐down (AMO control) forcing on phytoplankton at decadal timescales. As a consequence, different relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and their physical environment appear subject to the disparate temporal scale of the observations (seasonal, interannual, or decadal). The prediction of phytoplankton response to climate change should be built upon what is learnt from observations at the longest timescales.
‘ES WARD MEIN HERZ ZUR EISENBAHN’: UMSCHRIFTEN DES WUNDERBAREN IN LUDWIG TIECKS SPÄTEN NOVELLEN
Authors: Weidner Daniel 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTLudwig Tieck's last Novellen mark the threshold between romantic and realistic literature. Focusing on Waldeinsamkeit, the essay analyses how motifs and narrative strategies of the Romantic Kunstmärchen are reformulated, pointing towards a new form of novellistic narration that hovers ambivalently between Romanticisation and disillusionment. This transformation reacts both to the experience of modernisation and to the new status of literature following the age of Goethe. It displaces features of the fairytale, such as the emphasis on the miraculous, as well as the poetological reflexivity of early Romantic literature, into realistic narration and thus contributes to the historical specificity of the German Novelle.Ludwig Tiecks letzte Novellen stehen an der Schwelle zwischen romantischem und realistischem Erzählen. Insbesondere an Waldeinsamkeit wird untersucht, wie Motive und Erzählverfahren des romantischen Kunstmärchens reformuliert werden in einer neuen Form novellistischen Erzählens, die ambivalent zwischen Romantisierung und Desillusionierung schwankt. Diese Transformation, die auf Erfahrungen der Modernisierung ebenso reagiert wie auf den neuen Status der Literatur nach der Goethezeit, verschiebt Momente des Märchenhaften und Wunderbaren ebenso wie Elemente poetologischer Reflexivität in das realistische Erzählen und trägt so wesentlich zur besonderen Ausprägung der deutschen Novelle in der Literaturgeschichte bei.
Cholesterol ester storage disease with a novel LIPA mutation (L264P) that presented massive hepatomegaly: A case report
Authors: Kuranobu Naomi , Murakami Jun , Okamoto Ken , Nishimura Rei , Murayama Kei , Takamura Ayumi , Umeda Toshiko , Eto Yoshikatsu , Kanzaki Susumu 
Published: September 2015

Cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficient lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity, resulting in cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. CESD patients have liver disease associated with mixed dyslipidemia leading to liver failure. We here report the case of an 11‐year‐old male CESD patient with a novel mutation who had the chief complaint of massive hepatomegaly. The patient's liver reached to his pelvis, and his spleen was 2 cm below the costal margin. The patient had elevated serum liver enzymes and mixed dyslipidemia. The liver biopsy tissue showed characteristic CESD pathology, which included microvesicular steatosis, mild fibrosis and foamy macrophages. Electron microscopy showed a remnant cleft of CE crystals, and dried blood spot testing showed reduced LAL activity. We identified compound heterozygous mutations in the LIPA gene in this patient, namely, c.607G>C and c.791T>C. The former mutation was previously reported only in a Japanese patient, whereas the latter mutation is novel. The findings of this study suggest that LIPA gene mutations in Japanese CESD patients are different from those in Western patients. Although CESD is rare, it is likely that many patients are unrecognized or misdiagnosed, and thus the possibility of CESD should be considered in patients with hepatosplenomegaly and dyslipidemia.
Internal structural changes in keratin fibres resulting from combined hair waving and stress relaxation treatments: a Raman spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Kuzuhara A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of our research was to investigate the influence of chemical treatments (reduction, stress relaxation and oxidation) on hair keratin fibres.MethodsThe structure of cross‐sections at various depths of virgin white human hair resulting from permanent waving treatments with stress relaxation process was directly analysed at a molecular level using Raman spectroscopy. In particular, the three disulphide (–SS–) conformations in human hair were compared by S–S band analysis.ResultsThe gauche‐gauche‐gauche (GGG) and gauche‐gauche‐trans (GGT) contents of –SS– groups remarkably decreased, while the trans‐gauche‐trans (TGT) content was not changed by performing the reduction process with thioglycolic acid. In addition, the high‐temperature stress relaxation process after reduction accelerated the disconnection of –SS– (GGG and GGT) groups in the human hair, while the low‐temperature stress relaxation process after reduction accelerated the reconnection of –SS– (GGG and GGT) groups. Moreover, the S–O band intensity at 1042 cm−1, assigned to cysteic acid, existing in the cuticle region and the surface of the cortex region increased, while the GGG content significantly decreased by performing the oxidation process after the reduction and the high‐temperature stress relaxation processes.ConclusionThe author concluded that the high‐temperature relaxation process after reduction accelerated the disconnection of –SS– (GGG and GGT) groups, thereby leading to the remarkable local molecular disorganization (an increase in the cysteic acid content and a decrease in the GGG content) on the cuticle and cortex cells during the oxidation process.
A proposal for using contralateral teeth to provide well‐balanced experimental groups for endodontic studies
Authors: Xu J. , Shao M. Y. , Pan H. Y. , Lei L. , Liu T. , Cheng L. , Hu T. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo develop a suitable protocol for screening extracted teeth so as to create anatomically well‐balanced experimental groups for endodontic studies.MethodologySixty pairs (120 teeth) of contralateral premolars (CLPs) were collected. The evaluation of samples for anatomical features was performed in the following ways. First, the 120 teeth were divided into right and left sides (N = 60, each side), and the teeth of each side were screened individually according to regular inclusion criteria (parameters included mature apical foramen, canal type, canal curvature and tooth length). The similarity of the specimens was then evaluated. The second screening process evaluated the 60 pairs of CLPs using the same criteria. Finally, CBCT was used to establish a strict screening protocol to create well‐balanced groups of CLPs.ResultsIn the first screening process, 80% (24/30) of the left and 61% (19/31) of the right side were selected out of teeth with mature foramina; but the included teeth had asymmetrical canal curvatures. In the second screening process, 28 pairs were selected after the exclusion of those with an immature foramen in one pair. Seventeen pairs in which the tooth length and canal curvature were symmetrical were selected from the 28 CLPs. In the third screening, only 21% (6/28) of CLPs passed the rigorous screening procedure and were identical for creating balanced experimental groups.ConclusionsRelatively, few pairs of contralateral teeth had anatomical symmetry. For endodontic studies, a strict and detailed scientific screening protocol is necessary to achieve well‐balanced experimental groups.
Nevus sebaceus: a clinicopathological study of 168 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kamyab‐Hesari Kambiz , Seirafi Hassan , Jahan Shahin , Aghazadeh Nessa , Hejazi Pardis , Azizpour Arghavan , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundNevus sebaceus is a hamartoma composed of abnormal epidermal and dermal components with clinical and histopathological features that change with aging. Prophylactic excision of the lesion was advised historically considering its potential for giving rise to malignant tumors. However, whether early prophylactic excision should be performed has been questioned recently as most of the tumors have been found to be benign in origin.MethodsThe histopathologic features of 168 patients with nevus sebaceus were reviewed to determine the frequency of different histologic features as well as associated neoplastic growths.ResultsAcanthosis, papillomatosis, and basal layer pigmentation were the most frequent findings. Hyperplastic changes of the sebaceous glands became obvious during the second decade and were present in 60% of the specimens from individuals older than 20. Inflammatory infiltrate was almost invariably present. Skin adnexal changes were frequently noted, including sebaceous gland hyperplasia (93.5%) and primitive hair follicles (76.8%). In 88.5% of scalp lesions, markedly decreased terminal hair was observed. Ectopic apocrine glands were present in 55.4% of specimens, while 24.4% showed anomalous ductal sweat gland structures resembling eccrine hyperplasia. Neoplastic changes were detected in nine cases, including four trichoblastomas, three tricholemmomas, and two syringocystadenoma papilliferums.ConclusionDevelopment of malignancies in sebaceus nevi is a rare phenomenon, and decision for excision of the lesion should be made after thorough evaluation of the pros and cons.
Infants' Understanding of Information Transmission in the Context of Communication Involving Multiple Agents
Authors: He Jie , Jin Xinyi , Li Zhuyun , Zheng Lei , Sun Zhongqiang , Zhang Meng , Shen Mowei 
Published: September 2015

This study explored whether infants understand information transmission in a third‐party communication context involving multiple agents. Infants aged 12 and 15 months were habituated to two agents pursuing two different objects and then tested with one agent (the communicator) interacting with a new agent (the recipient), whereas the other agent (the noncommunicator) did not interact with anyone. Results showed that 15‐month‐olds looked for longer when the recipient reached toward the preferred object of the noncommunicator in contrast to that of the communicator, suggesting that they recognized information transmitted from the communicator (versus the noncommunicator) to the recipient. Furthermore, the information was perceived as being specifically transmitted between agents, and this inference was not driven by the low‐level perceptual factors of the communicator or the communication itself. However, 12‐month‐old infants did not show an understanding of transmission between the agents. The selective understanding of information transmitted among multiple agents, and the critical role of agency in such understanding are discussed.
A novel phylogenetic regionalization of phytogeographical zones of southern Africa reveals their hidden evolutionary affinities
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , van der Bank Michelle , Maurin Olivier , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Schaefer Hanno , Slingsby Jasper A. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimAlthough existing bioregional classification schemes often consider the compositional affinities within regional biotas, they do not typically incorporate phylogenetic information explicitly. Because phylogeny captures information on the evolutionary history of taxa, it provides a powerful tool for delineating biogeographical boundaries and for establishing relationships among them. Here, we present the first vegetation delineation of the woody flora of southern Africa based upon evolutionary relationships.LocationSouthern Africa.MethodsWe used a published time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree for 1400 woody plant species along with their geographical distributions and a metric of phylogenetic beta diversity to generate a phylogenetic delineation of the woody vegetation of southern Africa. We then explored environmental correlates of phylogenetic turnover between them, and the evolutionary distinctiveness of the taxa within them.ResultsWe identified 15 phylogenetically distinct biogeographical units, here referred to as phyloregions. The largest phyloregion broadly overlaps with Savanna vegetation, while the phyloregion overlapping with the south‐western portion of the Fynbos biome is the most evolutionarily distinct. Potential evapotranspiration and mean annual temperature differ significantly among phyloregions and correlate with patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity between them. Our phylogeny‐based delimitation of southern Africa's woody vegetation broadly matches currently recognized phytogeographical classifications, but also highlights parts of the Namib Karoo and Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park as distinct, but previously under‐recognized biogeographical units.Main conclusionsOur analysis provides new insights into the structure and phylogenetic relationships among the woody flora of southern Africa. We show that evolutionary affinities differentiate phyloregions closely resembling existing vegetation classifications, yet also identify ‘cryptic’ phyloregions that are as evolutionarily distinct as some of the recognized African vegetation types.