bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Buoy Supporting Risers (BSR) System: A Novel Riser Solution for Ultra-Deep Water Subsea Developments in Harsh Environments
Authors: Cruz I. , Claro C. , Sahonero D. , Otani L. , Pagot J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Sapinhoá and Lula North-East oil fields were developed through pilot systems composed of satellite wells connected to spread moored FPSOs. Each of these developments needed to connect up to 45 lines coming from the wells to a single balcony at FPSO portside, not including gas export riser and its ESDV umbilical. It was expected variable levels of CO2 and H2S, posing the challenge to find a suitable solution that could endure the 27-year life of the fields in waters of 2140-meter depth and in the severe environmental conditions of the Santos Basin. To cope with these challenges, Petrobras and its partners (BG E&P Brazil and Repsol Sinopec Brazil, in Sapinhoá field, BG E&P Brazil and Petrogral Brazil, in Lula Field) decided to pursue a decoupled riser system solution, and to launch a "design competition" process, which ended up selecting the Buoy Supporting Risers (BSR) concept solution developed by Subsea 7.
This paper is divided in two main sections that represent the two main project phases. First, the Design phase where the BSR System is described, the need for careful physical and numerical modelling, the massive analysis of this complex new system is also presented. The second is the Installation phase, which was all backed up by a prototype tank testing performed in order to capture the in-place behaviour, and to generate the design input envelopes for all system components. It also describes the considerable installation engineering efforts led to solutions for the logistical problems associated with the sheer quantity, volume, size and weight of the foundations and top connector structures as well as for the installation itself in ultra-deep waters and in seas often characterised by bi-directional swells.
Design Phase
Headache in the presentation of noncephalic acute illness
Authors: Tzadok Tomer , Toledano Ronen , Fuchs Lior , Bartal Carmi , Novack Victor , Ifergane Gal 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Headache is a frequent symptom of many systemic diseases that do not involve cranial structures. In this observational study, we assessed factors associated with headache in the acute presentation of systemic conditions in a nonsurgical emergency department (ED). Methods: Consecutive patients, admitted to Soroka University Medical Center ED due to noncephalic illness, were prospectively surveyed using a structured questionnaire focused on the prevalence and characteristics of headache symptoms. Medical data were extracted from the patient's charts. Results: Between 1 and 6/2012, 194 patients aged 64.69 ± 19.52 years, were evaluated. Headache was reported by 83 (42.7%) patients and was more common among patients with febrile illness (77.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). Respiratory illness and level of O2saturation were not associated with headache. Headache in the presentation of a noncephalic illness was associated with younger age (58 vs. 69, P < 0.001) and with suffering from a primary headache disorder (48.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001). Headache was also associated with higher body temperature and lower platelets count. Conclusions: Headache is a common symptom in acute noncephalic conditions and was found to be associated with younger age and febrile disease on presentation. Patients who present with primary headache disorders are more prone to have headache during acute illness. Acute obstructive respiratory disease, hypercarbia or hypoxemia were not associated with headache.
Frontal sinus asymmetry: Is it an effect of cranial asymmetry? X-ray analysis of 469 normal adult human frontal sinus
Authors: Kanat Ayhan , Yazar Ugur , Ozdemir Bulent , Coskun Zerrin O. , Erdivanli Ozlem 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: There is no study in the literature that investigates an asymmetric morphological feature of the frontal sinus (FS). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty-nine consecutive direct X-rays of FSs were analyzed for the asymmetry between the right and left sides. When an asymmetry in the height and contour of the FS existed, this difference was quantified. Results: Of the 469 patients, X-rays of 402 patients (85.7%), there was an asymmetry between right and left sides of the FS. Of these 235 (50.1%) were dominant on the left side, whereas 167 (35.6%) were dominant on the right, the sinuses of remaining 67 patients (14.3%) was symmetric. Statistical Analysis: The comparisons between parameters were performed using Wilkinson signed rank test. The relationship between handedness and sinus asymmetry was also examined by two proportions test. There is statistically significant difference between the dominance of left and right FS. Conclusions: Hemispheric dominance may have some effect (s) of on sinus asymmetry of the human cranium. Surgeons sometimes enter the cranium through the FS and knowledge of asymmetric FS is important to minimize surgical complications.
Croquis y diagramas en momentos iniciales del diseño arquitectónico
Authors: Solana Suarez Enrique , Gutiérrez Labory Elsa 
Published: October 2015

<p>Este artículo propone disponer en paralelo los bocetos iniciales en el diseño arquitectónico y la aplicación de lo diagramas en el mismo proceso, analizando igualmente las características en aquel momento originario. Tanto diagramas como croquis, forman parte del patrimonio estratégico y gráfico de la arquitectura. Los desarrollos de diseños paramétricos a partir de los diagramas, han generado un salto cualitativo del imaginario arquitectónico contemporáneo. Se pretenden contrastar entre si las cualidades de cada uno de estos elementos, para delimitar semejanzas y diferencias entre ambos que construyan un discurso suficientemente delimitado para conocer su dimensión y efecto sobre la Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica contemporánea, nunca ajena a los debates ideológicos que se producen al respecto, llenos siempre de consecuencia gráfica.</p>
La estereoscopia en los libros de geometría descriptiva
Authors: Cabezos Bernal Pedro M. , Cisneros Vivó Juan J. 
Published: October 2015

<p>Este artículo sintetiza la investigación llevada a cabo a partir de la recopilación de los libros relacionados con la Geometría Descriptiva, que han utilizado la estereoscopia para ampliar el conocimiento de las formas geométricas representadas. Se han podido recopilar 19 obras, publicadas entre 1912 y 2007, que han sido analizadas y comparadas. Muchas de ellas han tenido que ser adquiridas a través de anticuarios internacionales, pues constituyen toda una rareza. Aquí se muestran las más antiguas e interesantes, destacando los aspectos más relevantes de cada una de ellas. Para mostrar convenientemente sus figuras estereoscópicas, ha sido necesario realizar un profundo trabajo de edición digital, con el fin de uniformizar las tintas, adaptándolas a un único sistema de visualización con gafas convencionales de filtros rojo/cian. Finalmente se muestran los resultados del análisis completo con todos los libros encontrados.</p>
"I See You" Beyond the Surface: Art Making Across China-U.S. Borders
Authors: Kan Koon Hwee , McWhorter Jack 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Incorporating photocollage as documentation, this article features the "I See You" project and showcases college students’ artwork prior to and after a travel-study program to China. The project was specially designed for students from both cultures to dialogue and co-construct meanings through Web-based interactive technology while applying variations of Google Maps and Google Earth to enhance art making across national borders. Three dynamic themes with metaphorical meaning connected the students’ efforts and their engagement with their counterparts: Venture Into Interchanging Perspectives, Reciprocity of Candid Sensibility, and Revelation Through Layering Enterprise. Pitfalls and challenges encountered while managing such global initiatives are presented with some practical solutions in the discussion.
Employee Motivation in Non-Profit: Evidence from a Community Based Voluntary Organization
Authors: Mohiuddin Md. , Dulay Ms. Gurjit 
Published: October 2015

<p>This paper explores employee motivation in one of the UK based voluntary organizations. It used a mixture of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected in the form of questionnaires. By using Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory we found that, in the absence of sufficient financial rewards, non-financial rewards such as: extra days off for employees; implementation of employee of the month; and simple verbal recognition in an attempt to recognise employee’s efforts were key motivating factors for the employees. Recommendations to management were made in terms of offering flexible hours and quality supervision in order to motivate unpaid volunteers. </p>
Imidazole-Modified Nanoporous Silica for Lead Ion Solid Phase Extraction Prior to Determination from Industrial Wastewaters by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Behbahani Ali , Ardjmand Mehdi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A new method was applied to produce modified nanoporous silica as a novel sorbent for Pb(II) ion SPE from industrial wastewater samples. In this modified method, the produced nanoporous silica has a higher functional group loading, which leads to a higher preconcentration factor as well as a lower LOD. This modified nanoporous silica was used for preconcentration prior to subsequent determination of Pb(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Various parameters such as the eluent, pH of the sample solution, and flow rate were optimized during this work. Also, the effect of a variety of ions on preconcentration and recovery of Pb(II) ions was investigated. The LOD, defined as five times the SD of the blank, was determined to be lower than 0.1 mg/L with an RSD of &lt;2%. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing standard reference materials with certified Pb concentrations. Finally, the established method was successfully applied for determination of the Pb(II) ion concentration in industrial wastewater samples.
Development, Optimization, and Validation of a Microplate Bioassay for Relative Potency Determination of Linezolid Using a Design Space Concept, and its Measurement Uncertainty
Authors: Saviano Alessandro Morais , Francisco Fabiane Lacerda , Ostronoff Celina Silva , Lourenço Felipe Rebello 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a microplate bioassay for relative potency determination of linezolid in pharmaceutical samples using quality-by-design and design space approaches. In addition, a procedure is described for estimating relative potency uncertainty based on microbiological response variability. The influence of culture media composition was studied using a factorial design and a central composite design was adopted to study the influence of inoculum proportion and triphenyltetrazolium chloride in microbial growth. The microplate bioassay was optimized regarding the responses of low, medium, and high doses of linezolid, negative and positive controls, and the slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient of dose-response curves. According to optimization results, design space ranges were established using: (a) low (1.0 μg/mL), medium (2.0 μg/mL), and high (4.0 μg/mL) doses of pharmaceutical samples and linezolid chemical reference substance; (b) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 653 in an inoculum proportion of 10%; (c) antibiotic No. 3 culture medium pH 7.0 ± 0.1; (d) 6 h incubation at 37.0 ± 0.1ºC; and (e) addition of 50 μL of 0.5% (w/v) triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The microplate bioassay was linear (r2 = 0.992), specific, precise (repeatability RSD = 2.3% and intermediate precision RSD = 4.3%), accurate (mean recovery = 101.4%), and robust. The overall measurement uncertainty was reasonable considering the increased variability inherent in microbiological response. Final uncertainty was comparable with those obtained with other microbiological assays, as well as chemical methods.
Determination of Vitamin K1 in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.09
Authors: Bidlack Mary , Butler Thompson Linda D , Jacobs Wesley A , Schimpf Karen J 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This normal-phase HPLC method with postcolumn reduction and fluorescence detection allows for the quantitative determination of trans vitamin K1 in infant, pediatric, and adult nutritionals. Vitamin K1 is extracted from products with iso-octane after precipitation of proteins and release of lipids with methanol. Prepared samples are injected onto a silica HPLC column where cis and trans vitamin K1 are separated with an iso-octane–isopropanol mobile phase. The column eluent is mixed with a dilute ethanolic solution of zinc chloride, sodium acetate, and acetic acid, and vitamin K1 is reduced to a fluorescent derivative in a zinc reactor column. The resulting hydroquinone is then detected by fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm and an emission wavelength of 440 nm. During a single-laboratory validation of this method, repeatability and intermediate precision ranged from 0.6 to 3.5% RSD and 1.1 to 6.0% RSD, respectively. Mean overspike recoveries ranged from 91.9 to 106%. The method demonstrated good linearity over a standard range of approximately 2–90 μg/L trans vitamin K1 with r2 averaging 0.99995 and average calibration errors of &lt;1%. LOQ and LOD in ready-to-feed nutritionals were estimated to be 0.03 and 0.09 μg/100 g, respectively. The method met AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Standard Method Performance Requirements® and was approved as a first action method at the 2015 AOAC Mid-Year Meeting.
Determination of Total Iodine in Infant Formula and Adult/ Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Collaborative Study, Final Action 2012.15
Authors: Zywicki Richard S , Sullivan Darryl M ,   Collaborators:, Bao L , Bolong W , Boyd M , Chen S Y , Collison M W , Deng X , Fulford G , Lee K , Messerly J , Nilsson P K B , Song A , Stanley K , Stephenson C D , Svaneborg A K , Tian F , Weihong C , Xu Q , Xu Y , Yadlapalli S , Yang P , Yu R 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to determine total iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by inductively coupled plasma-MS (ICP-MS) using AOAC First Action Official MethodSM 2012.15. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the method's intralaboratory and interlaboratory performance and submit the results to AOAC INTERNATIONAL for adoption as a Final Action Official Method for the determination of total iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. Upon providing acceptable results for practice samples National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a and a low-fat adult nutritional powder, 13 laboratories analyzed seven various infant and adult nutritional products including a blind duplicate of each. Products were chosen with varying levels of iodine and included low-fat, soy-based, and milk-based formulas and NIST SRM 1849a. Random identification numbers were assigned to each of the seven fortified test materials. Digestion of the test samples occurred using a potassium hydroxide solution in an oven or open-vessel microwave system. Iodine was stabilized with ammonium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate after digestion. The solutions were brought to volume followed by filtration. The filtrates were then analyzed by ICP-MS after dilution. Results for all seven test samples met all the AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR® 2012.008) guidelines. The RSDr ranged from 0.77 to 4.78% and the RSDR from 5.42 to 11.5%. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) for each result was excellent, ranging from 0.35 to 1.31%. The results demonstrate that the method is fit-for-purpose to determine iodine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula.
Recent Trends in Sample Preparation and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food and Related Matrixes
Authors: Rejczak Tomasz , Tuzimski Tomasz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A rising interest by consumers and various governmental organizations towards the quality of food has been continuously observed. Pesticide residue analysis has a significant role in assessing food safety and quality. This article reviews the new analytical approaches for efficient extraction and reliable identification and quantification of pesticides in foodstuffs and related matrixes. Emphasis is given to the new materials used for effective extract purification. We discuss the potential and pitfalls of the different LC/MS approaches, including application of high resolution mass spectrometry in the area of pesticide residue analysis. Untargeted and retrospective screening is outlined, highlighting prospects and achievements as well as its major drawbacks.
Applications of Experimental Design to the Optimization of Microextraction Sample Preparation Parameters for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Abdulra'uf Lukman Bola , Sirhan Ala Yahya , Tan Guan Huat 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Sample preparation has been identified as the most important step in analytical chemistry and has been tagged as the bottleneck of analytical methodology. The current trend is aimed at developing cost-effective, miniaturized, simplified, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. The fundamentals and applications of multivariate statistical techniques for the optimization of microextraction sample preparation and chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues are described in this review. The use of Placket-Burman, Doehlert matrix, and Box-Behnken designs are discussed. As observed in this review, a number of analytical chemists have combined chemometrics and microextraction techniques, which has helped to streamline sample preparation and improve sample throughput.
Development and Validation of a Multiresidue Method for the Determination of Pesticides in Dry Samples (Rice and Wheat Flour) Using Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Grande-Martínez Ángel , Arrebola Francisco Javier , Moreno Laura Díaz , Vidal José Luis Martínez , Frenich Antonia Garrido 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A rapid and sensitive multiresidue method was developed and validated for the determination of around 100 pesticides in dry samples (rice and wheat flour) by ultra-performance LC coupled to a triple quadrupole mass analyzer working in tandem mode (UPLC/QqQ-MS/MS). The sample preparation step was optimized for both matrixes. Pesticides were extracted from rice samples using aqueous ethyl acetate, while aqueous acetonitrile extraction [modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method] was used for wheat flour matrixes. In both cases the extracts were then cleaned up by dispersive solid phase extraction with MgSO4 and primary secondary amine + C18 sorbents. A further cleanup step with Florisil was necessary to remove fat in wheat flour. The method was validated at two conc compounds), obtaining recoveries ranging from 70 to 120%, intraday and interday precision values ≤20% expressed as RSDs, and expanded uncertainty values ≤50%. The LOQ values ranged between 3.6 and 20 μg/kg, although it was set at 3.6 μg/kg for the majority of the pesticides. The method was applied to the analysis of 20 real samples, and no pesticides were detected.
Human Health Risk of Dietary Intake of Some Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Camels Slaughtered in the Districts of Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Osman Khaled A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Organochlorine residues were detected in 54/200 of muscles and 55/200 of livers of camels slaughtered in different districts of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, by using GC/MS analysis. The ΣDDT residues (Σ-DDT = p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDA) in muscles and livers were the most frequent. The levels and distribution of residues varied with location. Al-Qassim region population's average estimated daily intake (EDI) was between 0.0 and 12.74 μg/kg body weight/day, and the hazard index [EDI/acceptable daily intake (ADI)] was higher than unity for ΣDDT and lindane in some samples. The intakes were much higher than the ADIs in some districts of Al-Qassim region, and the exposure level of all tested residues was high enough to produce health risk, suggesting the need for regular monitoring programs for pesticide residues in camel meat at the national level to protect consumers' health.
‘How to Keep a Husband on Packaged Foods’ and Other Lessons: Gendered Education in the Canadian National Exhibition’s Women’s Division during the Kate Aitken Era, 1920s-1950s 1
Authors: Zankowicz Kate 
Published: October 2015

Kate Aitken (1891-1971), perhaps best known as a broadcasting pioneer in Canadian history, was the first director of “Women’s Activities” at the Women’s Division of the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) in Toronto. It was a position she officially took on in 1938 until her retirement in 1952. Aitken’s kitchen demonstration development, and her overwhelming success as an educator at the CNE offers a lens through which to examine the gendered education of food preparation, at a time when what constituted as ‘women’s work’ was itself being re-worked.
This paper will investigate women’s programming at the CNE, and how it helped to support and construct women’s accepted roles as part of a wider discourse about women’s place both within and outside the home. Food played an intensely important part in this process. While the pedagogical purpose of many of the activities at the Women’s Building were described as the “capture, care and feeding of husbands,” Aitken’s use of food programming fulfilled multiple functions: as a tool for community organizing in her massive ‘ladies luncheons’ and her work with Women’s Institutes; as a gendered pedagogy in her restaurants, table-setting and cooking demonstrations and competitions; and as a means of teaching children and young people the skill of feeding themselves. As a woman whose work sat at the intersection of the ‘modern’ and the ‘traditional’ kitchen she also communicated important messages about shifting gender roles in the early to mid-twentieth century in Canada.
Polytype control by activity ratio of silicon to carbon during SiC solution growth using multicomponent solvents
Authors: Horio Atsushi , Harada Shunta , Koike Daiki , Murayama Kenta , Aoyagi Kenta , Sakai Takenobu , Tagawa Miho , Ujihara Toru 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We report on the relationship between grown polytypes and the activity ratio of silicon to carbon during SiC solution growth using multicomponent solvents. From the thermodynamic calculation as well as crystallization experiments, we revealed that a high activity ratio (a
Si/a
C) in the solution leads to the growth of low-hexagonality polytypes, and low a
Si/a
C results in the growth of high-hexagonality polytypes. 4H-SiC is stable when a
Si/a
C is relatively low (∼101 > a
Si/a
C), 3C-SiC is stable when a
Si/a
C is relatively high (∼104 < a
Si/a
C), and 6H-SiC is stable in the intermediate a
Si/a
C range (∼102 < a
Si/a
C < ∼103). From these results, the Cr–Si solvent at high temperatures is expected to be suitable for 4H-SiC growth, and Sc–Si and Fe–Si solvents at relatively low temperatures are expected to be suitable for 3C-SiC growth.