bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating meanings for security in the cyberspace
Authors: Radu Roxana 
Published: October 2013

Purpose–This paper aims to review the current debates regarding the role of the state in securing the cyberspace, with a particular focus on the negotiations taking place in the UN General Assembly (UNGA).Design/methodology/approach–This paper reflects on the evolution of the UNGA discourse on the role of the state in protecting the cyberspace, based on the textual analysis of all UNGA resolutions pertaining to the politico-military aspects of internet security.Findings–The paper finds that the lack of an officially adopted definition for internet security in the UNGA discussions led to agreement solely on informative, best practice sharing or voluntary activities addressing other states, rather than providing an integrated vision for protecting the cyberspace.Research limitations/implications–The analysis is limited to the negotiations taking place in one institutional venue, namely the UNGA between 1998 and 2011, complemented by three resolutions issued by the ITU in 2010; activities conducted in other institutional venues might influence or determine the overall discourse noted in the resolutions under investigation here.Originality/value–This represents the most comprehensive account of the discourse on the role of the state in securing the cyberspace as presented in the UNGA and ITU resolutions and its evolution over time.
Dimensioning the elephant: an empirical analysis of the IPv4 number market
Authors: Mueller Milton , Kuerbis Brenden , Asghari Hadi 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This article aims to quantify the emerging transfer market for internet protocol (IPv4) numbers and provides an initial assessment of factors and policies impacting those transactions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research draws on Regional Internet Registry records and conducts basic analysis of stocks, flows and proportions to assess the nature of this emerging market for IP number blocks and explore some of its implications for internet governance.

Findings
– There is a thriving and growing market for IPv4 number blocks. The market is improving the efficiency of IPv4 address allocation by moving numbers from unused or under-utilized holders to organizations that need them more. Buyers willingly pay for number blocks they could get for free in order to benefit from more liberal needs assessments and stronger property rights.

Research limitations/implications
– Information about prices is not available and some transfers may take place through leasing arrangements, which are not covered by this paper. Future research should continue to investigate the transfer market, including activity skirting or occurring outside the current RIR policy environment.

Practical implications
– RIRs should liberalize needs assessments and remove other sources of friction to the transfer market.

Originality/value
– No known prior assessment of the transfer market has been conducted. The research has value for policymakers and industry decision makers.
Organizational models of school health services in the WHO European Region
Authors: Baltag Valentina , Levi Miriam 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to produce a taxonomy of organizational models of school health services (SHS) in the WHO European Region, and to reflect upon the potential of each model to be effective, equitable, responsive and efficient.Design/methodology/approach– The authors used data from the WHO survey to identify organizational models. To produce a taxonomy of organizational models, three features of SHS organization were analyzed – the presence of health personnel specifically dedicated to school health services provision (school nurse and/or school doctor); the statutory involvement of other health professions in SHS provision; and the proximity of service provision to pupils (school-based or not school-based).Findings– There are five organizational models of school health services in the Member States of the WHO European Region: dedicated school-based, dedicated community-based, integrated with primary care, mixed school-based, and mixed community-based. Preliminary reflections show that school based models are more likely to produce better outcomes in terms of effectiveness, equity, responsiveness, and efficiency.Research limitations/implications– The WHO European Region has 53 Member States; the data are therefore incomplete and conclusions are limited to the 37 respondent countries.Practical implications– Knowledge on performance of various models of service provision may inform decision-makers in the process of reforms.Originality/value– This is the first attempt to produce a taxonomy of organizational models of school health services based on data from 37 countries, and to investigate the potential of each model to achieve desirable health system objectives.
A model of organisational dysfunction in the NHS
Authors: Pope Rachael , Burnes Bernard 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– This paper explores the reasons for the sometimes seemingly irrational and dysfunctional organisational behaviour within the NHS. It seeks to provide possible answers to the persistent historical problem of intimidating and negative behaviour between staff, and the sometimes inadequate organisational responses. The aim is to develop a model to explain and increase understanding of such behaviour in the NHS.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is conceptual in nature based upon a systematic literature review. The concepts of organisational silence, normalised organisational corruption, and protection of image, provide some possible answers for these dysfunctional responses, as does the theory of selective moral disengagement.Findings– The NHS exhibits too high a level of collective ego defences and protection of its image and self-esteem, which distorts its ability to address problems and to learn. Organisations and the individuals within them can hide and retreat from reality and exhibit denial; there is a resistance to voice and to “knowing”. The persistence and tolerance of negative behaviour is a corruption and is not healthy or desirable. Organisations need to embrace the identity of a listening and learning organisation; a “wise” organisation. The “Elephant in the room” of persistent negative behaviour has to be acknowledged; the silence must be broken. There is a need for cultures of “respect”, exhibiting “intelligent kindness”.Originality/value– A model has been developed to increase understanding of dysfunctional organisational behaviour in the NHS primarily for leaders/managers of health services, health service regulators and health researchers/academics. Research, with ethical approval, is currently being undertaken to test and develop the conceptual model to further reflect the complexities of the NHS culture.
Managing between the agendas: implementing health care reform policy in an acute care hospital
Authors: Sorensen Roslyn , Paull Glenn , Magann Linda , Davis JanMaree 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to assess administrative and clinical manager stances on health system reform. Understanding these stances will help to identify cultural differences and competing agendas between these two key health service stakeholders and contribute to developing strategies to improve organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative methodology was used comprising in-depth open-ended interviews conducted in 2007 with 26 administrative and clinical managers who managed clinical units.

Findings
– This paper provides empirical insights into the ways that administrative and clinical mangers conceive of their managerial roles in relation to health care reform and performance improvement in health services. The findings suggest that developing a hybrid clinical manager culture as a means to bridge the gap between administrative and clinical manager stances on reform objectives, while possible, is not yet being realised.

Research limitations/implications
– The research has relevance for health services that are experiencing organisational transformation. However, its location in one health service limits the generalisability of findings to other sites. Further research is needed to assess the opportunities for a hybrid culture to emerge as well as its effect.

Practical implications
– While attention is predominantly directed to clinician groups as a key stakeholder in implementing health reform policies, this paper has implications for how administrative managers also structure their roles and responsibilities to create an organisational climate conducive to change. This will include strategies to support clinical managers to make the transition from a predominantly clinical, to a clinical managerial, orientation.

Originality/value
– This paper addresses a significant problem in health service governance, namely the divide between the value stances of dual hierarchies. This problem is only now gaining prominence as a significant barrier to health reform.
Preparing business students for the global workplace through study abroad
Authors: Charlotte Brandauer Samantha , Hovmand Susanne 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use the Danish Institute for Study Abroad (DIS) International Business (IB) program as a case study to illustrate how experiential learning theory (ELT) can be put into practice in an education abroad context through pro-active intervention and through supporting immersion activities inside and outside the classroom.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper will use the IB program at DIS as a case study to illustrate how a holistic approach to study abroad is put into practice and how it aligns with the current theories in experiential learning and intervention in student learning during the study abroad process. It will examine various elements of the IB program as well as self-assessment data gathered from students through evaluations and a unique survey.

Findings
– Through concerted intervention efforts, DIS is exposing students to different perspectives as well as professionals within the Danish and European business communities, utilizing real-world case examples, making students active participants in their learning, strengthening their intercultural skills and preparing students to be able to reflect on and articulate what it is they have learned abroad. Based on student self-assessment, students agree that DIS is helping them prepare for the global work place.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is limited to the experiences and practices within DIS IB program and all student data come from their own self-assessment and do not do pre- and post-testing to measure students' intercultural gains.

Practical implications
– This paper should be useful to higher education institutions and study abroad programs looking to enhance the experiential learning opportunities for business students abroad.

Originality/value
– This case study serves to illustrate examples of ELT in practice and intervention in student learning abroad with a particular focus on skills needed for business students in a global work place.
Utilizing student affairs professionals to enhance student and faculty experiences and mitigate risk in short-term, faculty-led study abroad programs
Authors: Feldman Barr Terri 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to discuss the use of student affairs professionals in short-term, faculty-led study abroad programs to enhance student experiences, support faculty by taking over the “student support” role, and manage risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual paper that introduces the value that student affairs professionals can bring to the study abroad context. A short case study is embedded.

Findings
– Although conceptual, this paper identifies the benefits of a partnership between student affairs and academic affairs in the study abroad context.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is not empirical.

Practical implications
– The practical implications of using student affairs professionals in the study abroad context include enhanced student experiences through both pre-departure preparation and ongoing reflection, increased support for faculty which may result in less faculty burnout and stress, and additional staff to help mitigate and manage risk.

Originality/value
– The collaboration between student affairs and academic affairs in the study abroad context has only been addressed in one other manuscript (from 2005). There is a great potential value in developing partnerships between these two divisions with respect to study abroad.
Enhancing academic skills for first-year overseas business students
Authors: Tuyet (June) Tran Thi 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This study reports on the academic support programs targeting first-year business students at La Trobe Melbourne. The at-risk students were offered both a general academic support class and a content-based program. This study was conducted to explore students' perception of the usefulness of these programs. The paper also aims to create a better intervention to attract more at-risk students by exploring the reasons behind the low rate of at-risk students making use of these services.

Design/methodology/approach
– The specific research uses a mixed method approach to explore a way to best address the academic needs of the first-year international business students, especially those identified as at-risk students in a college in Melbourne where both a general academic program and a discipline-based program were on offer.

Findings
– The findings indicate that although the content-based program was highly evaluated by students and also attracted more students than the general support module, many at-risk students did not use this service. The low level of English proficiency, the heavy workload, the passive and dependent learning style, the unclear information about the service and the desire to follow only teachers' guidance all prevented at-risk students from making use of the available services. These students need further help and guidance in this transitional period to recognise the assistance provided for them and to make use of these services to enhance their learning.

Originality/value
– Recently, various support activities have been designed to assist international students in enhancing their language and academic skills necessary for pursuing their study in Australia. These activities range from credit-based English for Academic Purposes courses, to optional general language and study programs, and more recently, discipline or content-based programs. There is also a tendency in several universities to move from offering general language and study programs to embedding disciplinary programs. Adopting disciplinary-based academic support activities seem to be the right direction in many universities as these activities are more likely to help increase the overall pass-rate and improve student learning outcomes. However, problems seem to remain when many at-risk international students do not seem to go for these services. This study has led some light on how to improve the future language and academic skills to support activities for first-year overseas business students.
Playing catch-up
Authors: Storti Craig 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper considers why many Americans are still playing catch-up when it comes to cultural competence and the role a business education can play in closing the gap. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A discussion of American cultural competencies and awareness of other cultures, taking into consideration the historical importance of the US manufacturing sector and also the USA as a melting pot for generations of immigrants who then became “Americans”.

Findings
– Americans did not historically have to make any effort to understand other cultures and markets as the USA used to be the world leader in manufacturing and also had a huge domestic market to sell to. Times have changed, however, and international business education is needed for those doing business overseas.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper mostly focuses on the US experience.

Originality/value
– A study of cultural attitudes of businessmen and women in the USA and how these can be improved through the medium of business education in an international context.
Managing and trading sovereign risk using credit derivatives and government markets
Authors: Pollege Samuel , N. Posch Peter 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The sovereign debt crisis in Europe increased the demand for asset manager worldwide to monitor and manage their sovereign risk. While using information from the credit derivatives and bond markets has been used widely in the corporate sector its usage for sovereign risk is novel. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The basis between a sovereign credit default swap (CDS) and the government bond contains valuable information for assets managers and traders alike. The paper demonstrates the use of the basis between the announcement date and the issue date of a new government bond to decide whether an investment in this bond is profitable.

Findings
– With this strategy, the authors are able to generate both over all excess returns with a European sovereign portfolio since 2008 as well as a constant outperformance of simple average euro government bond portfolios. The paper furthermore tests the economic rationale behind this trading strategy and confirms prior findings from the corporate market. CDS market liquidity is among the main driver and it follows that the CDS market is faster in anticipating risks than the bond market not only for corporate but also for sovereign entities.

Originality/value
– The authors are the first to study the sovereign basis in a sound trading and asset management environment. The paper provides economic explanations and checks for the robustness of the results before the primary issuance of a new government bond.
On the relevance of premium payment schemes for the performance of mutual funds with investment guarantees
Authors: Gatzert Nadine 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– In financial planning, customers are typically confronted with choosing a premium payment scheme when investing in a mutual fund, which is often equipped with an investment guarantee to provide downside protection. Guarantee costs may thereby also be charged differently depending on the provider. The paper aims to investigate the impact of the premium payment method on different performance measures for a mutual fund with an investment guarantee.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper compares a fund with annual and upfront premiums as well as constant guarantee costs versus the guarantee price as an annual percentage fee of the fund value, always ensuring that the present value of premium payments is the same for all product variants. The paper further studies the relevance of the guarantee level and the contract term.

Findings
– The results emphasize that even though the present value of premiums paid into the contract is the same, the type of premium (upfront versus annual) as well as the type of guarantee cost (upfront versus annual fee) has a considerable impact on the performance.

Practical implications
– Providers can thus make a product more attractive for consumers by individually adjusting the premium scheme depending on their preferences and by making the resulting risk-return-profile transparent, while keeping the other contract characteristics unchanged (e.g. extent of the guarantee).

Originality/value
– To date, there has been no comprehensive analysis with specific focus on the impact of different premium payment schemes (in particular with respect to savings premiums and guarantee costs) on risk and return of a mutual fund with otherwise given contract characteristics such as the underlying fund strategy and the investment guarantee, even though the premium scheme itself can already have a considerable impact on the terminal payoff distribution and thus risk-return profiles. In addition, such an analysis can provide important information for consumers and providers in designing and choosing attractive products by simply adjusting the premium scheme (if possible) instead of or in addition to changing other product features.
The missing leaders: rediscovering the ward sister/charge nurse role
Authors: Hewison Alistair 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to examine the leadership role of the ward sister/charge nurse in the English National Health Service and demonstrate that its influence in maintaining standards of care has been undermined.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is achieved through a critical review of the relevant research and policy literature. Evidence relating to recent failures in the provision of nursing care is summarised to establish the nature of the problem. This is followed by an analysis of existing research concerned with the ward sister/manager role in the context of recent policy.

Findings
– The evidence demonstrating that the ward sister/charge nurse is one of the key determinants of quality care has been overlooked in recent years and this in part accounts for the quality failures that have occurred in NHS hospitals of late.

Practical implications
– Action is needed to place the ward sister/charge nurse at the heart of the hospital system. Systems of organisational and mutual support are needed to ensure that these ward-based leaders can reach their full potential as the guardians of care.

Originality/value
– The perspective offered in this paper illustrates how a solution to pressing organisational problem can be found through accessing the appropriate literature. Although the recommended action may not be “new” it is novel in the sense that it is based on rediscovering a role that already exists and can be supported to bring about change, rather than seeking wholesale complex change.
Effect of hydrostatic initial stress on a fiber-reinforced thermoelastic medium with fractional derivative heat transfer
Authors: Ibrahim Othman Mohamed , M. Said Samia , Sarker N. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influences of fractional order, hydrostatic initial stress and gravity field on the plane waves in a linearly fiber-reinforced isotropic thermoelastic medium.

Design/methodology/approach
– The problem has been solved analytically and numerically by using the normal mode analysis.

Findings
– Numerical results for the temperature, the displacement components and the stress components are presented graphically and analyzed the results. The graphical results indicate that the effect of fractional order, hydrostatic initial stress and gravity field on the plane waves in the fiber-reinforced thermoelastic medium are very pronounced. Comparisons are made with the results in the absence and presence of hydrostatic initial stress and gravity field.

Originality/value
– In the present work, the authors shall formulate a fiber-reinforced two-dimensional problem under the effect of fractional order, hydrostatic initial stress, and gravity field. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expression for the temperature, displacement components, and stress components. A comparison is also made between the three theories in the absence and presence of gravity field. Such problems are very important in many dynamical systems.