bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative SD-OCT in Macular Surgery
Authors: Pichi Francesco , Alkabes Micol , Nucci Paolo , Ciardella Antonio P. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Intraoperative use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using an OCT-mounted surgical microscope could provide additional information to predict visual outcomes of macular surgery and identify intraoperative changes in the macular anatomy that affect visual recovery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This interventional retrospective case study included 5 eyes of 5 consecutive patients with various macular pathologies. All patients underwent the standard surgery for idiopathic macular holes and epiretinal membranes (ERMs) using the same 25-gauge three-port pars plana technique. If present, the ERM was removed. The dye procedure was then repeated to stain and remove the internal limiting membrane (ILM). OCT images were obtained with the retinal map or cross-section program preincision, post-hyaloid elevation (if applicable), post-residual ERM peel (if applicable), and post-ILM peel.

RESULTS:
In 3 of 5 patients, the intraoperative scan revealed an increased area of subretinal hyporeflectivity corresponding with a clinically visible “cuff” of retinal detachment. In 2 patients, the SD-OCT scan taken immediately after ERM removal helped find a cleavage plane for the subsequent ILM peeling, which could be further confirmed by a scan taken immediately after it. In 2 cases, the scans identified intraoperative complications that otherwise would not have been noted and allowed the surgeon to modify the next procedures during surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Use of this technology in an operative setting can provide greater insight into the changes in retinal anatomy created during macular surgery.
Elevated Intraocular Pressure in the Early Postoperative Period Following Excimer Laser Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus
Authors: Gatzioufas Zisis , Labiris Georgios , Mauer Benjamin , Zemova Elena , Eppig Timo , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the incidence of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the early postoperative period after excimer laser penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus and reveal potential associations with anterior segment parameters.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This prospective, interventional study consisted of 40 patients with keratoconus who were treated with excimer laser penetrating keratoplasty. Corneal pachymetry, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and anterior segment angle were measured by Scheimpflug camera preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. IOP was obtained using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Student’s
t
tests and Pearson correlation were applied. A
P
value of .05 or less was considered significant.

RESULTS:

IOP increased from 16.3 ± 3.5 preoperatively to 19.3 ± 5.2 mm Hg postoperatively (
P
= .007). Significant differences were detected in corneal pachymetry (
P
< .008), anterior chamber depth (
P
< .001), and anterior chamber volume (
P
= .03). Postoperative IOP was significantly correlated with anterior segment angle, anterior chamber depth, and corneal pachymetry.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated IOP in the early postoperative period after excimer laser penetrating keratoplasty is significantly correlated with changes in the anterior chamber architecture.
Early Outcomes of the Intraluminal Flow Guard Device for Secondary Renal Access
Authors: Mistry Hiren , Stephenson Matthew A. , Valenti Domenico 
Published: November 2012

Purpose The Flixene Intraluminal Flow Guard (IFG) is a novel arteriovenous graft for use in complex renal access patients. The IFG is a PTFE graft with a covered nitinol stent at the venous end implanted into the axillary vein rather than anastomosed. The purported benefits are improved hemodynamic flow in the vein with reduced neointimal hyperplasia. Our primary aim was to assess its early patency and complications. Our center is the first to publish early outcomes. Methods All patients on whom we would have otherwise performed a standard brachial-axillary graft from April to November 2011 were instead given an IFG graft if they were suitable and consented. The only exclusion criteria was an axillary vein size under 5.5 mm as this would not accommodate the intraluminal stent graft. Data were collected prospectively and follow-up was identical to our usual graft surveillance. Results A total of 12 patients (mean age 64, mean follow-up 393 days) had IFG grafts implanted during the study period. There were no exclusions and all patients consented. All patients were having secondary access following previous failed fistulae or grafts and no patient had an autogenous hemodialysis option. On average each patient had already had 1.1 previous ipsilateral access procedures. Mean operating time was 109 minutes. Functional patency at one year was 65.6%, with a mean functional patency of 162 days. There was only one early complication (wound hematoma) and one graft infection requiring explantation. Conclusions The IFG device provides an alternative to standard brachial-axillary grafts and brings similar early patency and complication profile. Continued monitoring of outcomes, however, is required to determine long-term results.
High Technology and Economic Development: The BioCity Nottingham Technology Incubator
Authors: Ehret Michael , McDonald-Junor Daniel , Smith David 
Published: November 2012

The Case Study section of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation serves two purposes. First, the case studies presented are concerned with problematical issues that are pertinent to students of entrepreneurship. Thus they constitute appropriate teaching and learning vehicles on a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes. Each case study is accompanied by a set of guidelines for the use of tutors. Second, it is envisaged that those engaged in entrepreneurial activities will find the cases both interesting and useful. Since the 1990s, public policy makers and private investors have been creating bio-incubators with the aim of obtaining a foothold in what many presume is one of the hottest future industries. This case study provides an in-depth picture of the biggest UK-based bio-incubator – BioCity Nottingham. The study outlines the history and regional context of the incubator as well as its service portfolio and a profile of its supported firms. The study provides insights into the formation of biotechnology companies, the role of the regional context in shaping business models and the emergence of a science-based business network. As a major implication, Nottingham's location, remote from the epicentre of both science and venture capital in the UK, favours service-based business models. BioCity provides a fascinating opportunity to become acquainted with local conditions of business incubation.
Personal Attitudes and Beliefs regarding Organ and Tissue Donation: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Australian Emergency Department Clinicians
Authors: Marck Claudia H. , Weiland Tracey J. , Neate Sandra L. , Hickey Bernadette B. , Jelinek George A. 
Published: November 2012

Context Resources are currently targeted at increasing organ and tissue donation rates from emergency departments in Australia. Health care professionals' beliefs and personal attitudes regarding organ and tissue donation are known to influence professional attitudes and practice. Objective To assess emergency department clinicians' general beliefs and personal attitudes toward organ and tissue donation, how general beliefs influence personal attitudes, and which demographic characteristics are related. Design A cross-sectional online survey, based on available literature and the validated and widely used Hospital Attitude Survey (DonorAction). Participants Data were collected from 811 Australian emergency department clinicians, invited to participate through the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia, and the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. Results Most clinicians were very supportive of organ and tissue donation (96.2%), believed that organ and tissue donation can save lives (98.5%), and that organs and tissues will be allocated fairly (82.6%); however, 30.1% did not agree that organ and tissue donation can help the next of kin cope with grief. Holding positive general beliefs increased positive personal attitudes toward organ and tissue donation ( P < .001). Most reported willingness to donate their own organs and tissues after death (90%) and give family consent for their children (79.6%) or adult family (86.6%) member to donate. Eighty-six percent had discussed their wishes with next of kin, but only 50.7% had registered on the Australian Organ Donor Register. Older clinicians, male clinicians, and clinicians of certain religious and cultural backgrounds were identified as having less positive general beliefs and personal attitudes. Conclusion Although Australian emergency department clinicians are generally positive toward organ and tissue donation, some groups could potentially benefit from education to change their beliefs and attitudes about organ and tissue donation further.
Practice Pattern and Professional Issues of Nurse Practitioners in Mechanical Circulatory Support Programs in the United States: A Survey Report
Authors: Casida Jesus M. , Pastor Jessica 
Published: November 2012

Context Few data-based reports about the role and work environment of advanced practice nurses, specifically nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs, have been published. Objective To describe the practice pattern and professional issues confronted by nurse practitioners in the rapidly evolving and expanding mechanical circulatory support programs in the United States. Design A descriptive research design was employed using the data from the 2010 mechanical circulatory support nurses survey. Quantitative and qualitative data that pertained to the demographic and practice profiles as well as barriers and overall issues faced by the nurse practitioners in their clinical practice were analyzed. Participants Nonrandom sample of 48 nurse practitioners from 95 mechanical circulatory support programs nationwide. Results The practice pattern of nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs is similar to the practice pattern reported for nurse practitioners in acute and critical care settings. However, only 44% and 10% of nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs are authorized to admit and transfer patients into and out of the hospital, respectively. High workload, lack of institutional support, knowledge deficit, role ambiguity, lack of professional recognition, and burnout were the common issues faced by the participants in their clinical practice. Conclusion The results provide preliminary evidence on the practice pattern, restrictions, and work environment issues that may threaten the viability of an mechanical circulatory support program in which nurse practitioners play a crucial role. Implications for clinical practice, research, and policy development are discussed.
A Sequential Decision Framework for Increasing College Students' Support for Organ Donation and Organ Donor Registration
Authors: Peltier James W. , D'Alessandro Anthony M. , Dahl Andrew J. , Feeley Thomas Hugh 
Published: November 2012

Context Despite the fact that college students support social causes, this age group has underparticipated in organ donor registration. Little research attention has been given to understanding deeper, higher-order relationships between the antecedent attitudes toward and perceptions of organ donation and registration behavior. Objective To test a process model useful for understanding the sequential ordering of information necessary for moving college students along a hierarchical decision-making continuum from awareness to support to organ donor registration. Design and Setting The University of Wisconsin organ procurement organization collaborated with the Collegiate American Marketing Association on a 2-year grant funded by the US Health Resources and Services Administration. A total of 981 association members responded to an online questionnaire. Measures The 5 antecedent measures were awareness of organ donation, need acknowledgment, benefits of organ donation, social support, and concerns about organ donation. The 2 consequence variables were support for organ donation and organ donation registration. Results Structural equation modeling indicated that 5 of 10 direct antecedent pathways led significantly into organ donation support and registration. The impact of the nonsignificant variables was captured via indirect effects through other decision variables. Model fit statistics were good: the goodness of fit index was .998, the adjusted goodness of fit index was .992, and the root mean square error of approximation was .001. Implications This sequential decision-making model provides insight into the need to enhance the acceptance of organ donation and organ donor registration through a series of communications to move people from awareness to behavior.
Quality of Internet Education about Living Kidney Donation for Hispanics
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Rodde Jillian , Gil Sorelly , Caicedo Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2012

Context Hispanics need disproportionately more kidney transplants, yet receive disproportionately fewer kidney transplants and living donor kidney transplants than non-Hispanic whites. Lack of knowledge and cultural beliefs about living kidney donation contribute to these disparities. The Internet is an optimal venue to educate underserved, low-literacy populations. Design Websites were evaluated for information on living kidney donation targeted to Hispanics. Hispanic websites addressing living kidney donation were identified through the Google search engine, using the search terms Hispanic, Latino, Spanish, and living kidney donor/donation. Websites were evaluated for accessibility of information, readability, and content required by 9 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services regulations representing 12 topics, and cultural competency. Results Twenty resources met inclusion criteria. Websites contained 2.3 pages on living kidney donation and required 2.4 links to access all information on living kidney donation. Websites were written at the 9th grade reading level. Sites described alternative treatments for recipients (n = 14), the evaluation process (n = 7), and the surgical procedure (n=6). Few addressed psychosocial risks (n =2). Some contained culturally sensitive colors and pictures (n = 8), but few addressed Hispanic cultural beliefs (n = 4). Conclusions A comprehensive website on living kidney donation that provides more robust content and is targeted to Hispanics is needed to increase Hispanics' understanding of treatment options.
Prevention of Poor Psychosocial Outcomes in Living Organ Donors: From Description to Theory-Driven Intervention Development and Initial Feasibility Testing
Authors: Dew Mary Amanda , Zuckoff Allan , DiMartini Andrea F. , Dabbs Annette J. DeVito , McNulty Mary L. , Fox Kristen R. , Switzer Galen E. , Humar Abhinav , Tan Henkie P. 
Published: November 2012

Context Although some living donors experience psychological, somatic, and interpersonal difficulties after donation, interventions to prevent such outcomes have not been developed or evaluated. Objective To (1) summarize empirical evidence on psychosocial outcomes after donation, (2) describe a theoretical framework to guide development of an intervention to prevent poor outcomes, and (3) describe development and initial evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Methods Based on a narrative literature review suggesting that individuals ambivalent about donation are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes after donation, the intervention targeted this risk factor. Intervention structure and content drew on motivational interviewing principles in order to assist prospective donors to resolve ambivalence. Data were collected on donors' characteristics at our institution to determine whether they constituted a representative population in which to evaluate the intervention. Study participants were then recruited to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. They were required to have scores greater than 0 on the Simmons Ambivalence Scale (indicating at least some ambivalence about donation). Results Our population was similar to the national living donor population on most demographic and donation-related characteristics. Eight individuals who had been approved to donate either a kidney or liver segment were enrolled for pilot testing of the intervention. All successfully completed the 2-session telephone-based intervention before scheduled donation surgery. Participants' ratings of acceptability and satisfaction were high. Open-ended comments indicated that the intervention addressed participants' thoughts and concerns about the decision to donate. Conclusions The intervention is feasible, acceptable, and appears relevant to donor concerns. A clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention is warranted.
Bone Loss after Heart Transplant: Effect of Alendronate, Etidronate, Calcitonin, and Calcium plus Vitamin D3
Authors: Gilfraguas Lourdes , Guadalix Sonsoles , Martinez Guillermo , Jodar Esteban , Vara Jesus , Gomez-Sanchez Miguel Angel , Delgado Juan , Cruz Javier De La , Lora David , Hawkins Federico 
Published: November 2012

Objective To compare the effects of calcitonin, etidronate, and alendronate in preventing bone loss during the first 2 years after heart transplant. Methods A total of 222 heart transplant recipients (mean [SD] age, 52.4 [10] years, 85% male) were evaluated. Patients with normal bone mineral density (reference group, n = 102) received 1000 mg/d calcium plus 800 IU/d vitamin D3. The rest were assigned to 200 IU/d of calcitonin (n = 42), 400 mg/d etidronate orally for 14 days quarterly (n = 33), or 10 mg/d alendronate (n = 45). All patients received calcium and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, the entire femur, and the femoral neck at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after transplant. Results At 2 years after transplant, bone mineral density in the lumbar spine had decreased in the reference group (−3.07%), calcitonin group (−0.93%), and etidronate group (−1.87%) but not in the alendronate group (+4.9%; P < .001). After 2 years, bone mineral density in the entire femur decreased in all groups (−3.2% in the reference group, −3.6% in the calcitonin group, −4.6% in the etidronate group, and −0.5% in the alendronate group) but bone loss was significantly lower in the alendronate group ( P < .001). Bone mineral density in the femoral neck also decreased in all groups. The incidence of vertebral fractures did not differ among groups. Adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusions Alendronate therapy in heart transplant recipients was associated with a significant increase in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and less bone loss at the hip.
Recent Developments in Enzymatic Asymmetric CC Bond Formation
Authors: Müller Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSome of the recent developments in enzymatic asymmetric CC bond formation are described in this review. The close relationship of biocatalysis and biosynthesis is highlighted with a special emphasis on diversity and biogenesis. One focus of this review is the creation of tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. Members of the supposedly well‐known aldolase and hydroxynitrile lyase enzyme families possess the ability to catalyze the formation of tertiary alcohols. In the case of aldolases, this can occur through intramolecular cyclization or intermolecular asymmetric CC bond formation. Thiamine diphosphate‐dependent YerE has been identified as a potent catalyst for the acyloin condensation with ketones as acceptor substrates. C1 transformations such as methylation or carboxylation are catalyzed in an asymmetric manner by enzymes from different classes, for example S‐adenosylmethionine‐dependent (radical) enzymes or NADPH‐dependent oxidoreductases. Insights from biosynthetic and mechanistic studies of enzymatic reactions proceeding via radical intermediates give valuable hints towards possible applications in biocatalysis. Still, the oxygen sensitivity of many of these biocatalysts poses a considerable challenge for practical applications.
The Synthesis of trans‐Perhydroindolic Acids and their Application in Asymmetric Domino Reactions of Aldehyde Esters with β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters
Authors: Shen Jiefeng , Liu Delong , An Qianjin , Liu Yangang , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract(2S,3aR,7aS)‐Perhydroindolic acid, the key intermediate in the synthesis of trandolapril, and its trans‐isomers, were readily prepared. These proline‐like molecules are unique in that they contain a rigid bicyclic structure, with two hydrogen atoms trans to each other at the bridgehead carbon atoms. These molecules were used successfully as chiral organocatalysts in asymmetric domino Michael addition/cyclization reactions of aldehyde esters with β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters. They proved to have excellent catalytic behavior, allowing for the synthesis of multi‐substituted, enantiomerically enriched hemiacetal esters. Under optimal conditions (using 10 mol% catalyst loading), a series of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters was examined with up to 99% de, ee and yield, respectively. Additionally, the enantiomerically enriched hemiacetal esters could be readily transformed into their corresponding bioactive pyrano[2,3‐b]pyrans (possessing a multi‐substituted bicyclic backbone).
Efficient Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Hydrocarbons Mediated by Tricopper Cluster Complexes with Different Ligands
Authors: Nagababu Penumaka , Maji Suman , Kumar Manyam Praveen , Chen Peter P.‐Y. , Yu Steve S.‐F. , Chan Sunney I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSix tricopper cluster complexes of the type [CuICuICuI(L)]1+ supported by a series of multidentate ligands (L) have been developed as oxidation catalysts. These complexes are capable of mediating the facile oxygen‐atom transfer to hydrocarbon substrates like cyclohexane, benzene, and styrene (C6H12, C6H6 and C8H8) upon activation by hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The processes are catalytic with high turnover frequencies (TOF), efficiently oxidizing the substrates to their corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones in moderate to high yields. The catalysts are robust with turnover numbers (TON) limited only by the availability of hydrogen peroxide used to drive the catalytic turnover. The TON is independent of the substrate concentration and the TOF depends linearly on the hydrogen peroxide concentration when the oxidation of the substrate mediated by the activated tricopper complex is rapid. At low substrate concentrations, the catalytic system exhibits abortive cycling resulting from competing reduction of the activated catalyst by hydrogen peroxide. This behaviour of the system is consistent with activation of the tricopper complex by hydrogen peroxide to generate a strong oxidizing intermediate capable of a facile direct “oxygen‐atom” transfer to the substrate upon formation of a transient complex between the activated catalyst and the substrate. Some substrate specificity has also been noted by varying the ligand design. These properties of the tricopper catalyst are characteristic of many enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450, which participate in biological oxidations.