bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular Block as the Initial Manifestation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: NERY PABLO B. , BEANLANDS ROB S. , NAIR GIRISH M. , GREEN MARTIN , YANG JIM , MCARDLE BRIAN A. , DAVIS DARRYL , OHIRA HIROSHI , GOLLOB MICHAEL H. , LEUNG EUGENE , HEALEY JEFF S. , BIRNIE DAVID H. 
Published: March 2014

Cardiac Sarcoidosis Presenting as Atrioventricular BlockIntroductionAtrioventricular block (AVB) can be caused by several conditions, including cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). The prevalence of CS causing this presentation in a North American population has not been investigated and was the purpose of this study.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated patients aged 18–60 years presenting with unexplained 2nd or 3rd degree AVB and no previous history of sarcoidosis in any organ. All patients had fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scans for the evaluation of CS. Japanese Ministry of Health Welfare (JMHW) criteria and biopsy results were used to confirm the diagnosis of CS. Subjects with advanced imaging suggestive of CS were investigated for extracardiac involvement. Patients were followed for major adverse cardiac events.ResultsThirty‐two patients presenting with unexplained AVB underwent cardiac and whole body FDG‐PET for the investigation of CS from February 2010 to June 2013. Mean age was 52.8 ± 6.2 years, and 20 were male. CS was diagnosed in 11/32 (34%) subjects and 11/11 were subsequently diagnosed with extra‐CS. Average follow‐up was 21 ± 9 months. Adverse events were observed in 3 subjects with CS but none in subjects with idiopathic AVB. All 3 patients presented with heart failure, 2 also had recurrent VT resulting in ICD shocks.ConclusionsIn this prospective study of consecutive patients aged ≤60 years presenting with unexplained AVB, we found that 11/32 (34%) had previously undiagnosed CS. Among patients with CS, 3/11 had adverse clinical outcomes compared with 0/21 (P = 0.011). Our data suggest that all patients aged ≤60 years with unexplained AVB should be investigated for CS. Moreover, patients diagnosed with CS should be closely followed.
PHACE Syndrome: A Retrospective Review of 23 Patients
Authors: Melnick Laura E. , Yan Albert C. , Licht Daniel J. , Treat James R. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present 23 patients with PHACE syndrome showing similarities in our population with data that already exist while highlighting neurodevelopmental occurrences arising in a subset of these patients.
Do Scarring Effects of Low‐Wage Employment and Non‐Employment Differ BETWEEN Levels of Qualification?
Authors: Mosthaf Alexander 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how the effects of low‐wage employment and non‐employment on wage prospects vary depending on qualification. Based on theories on signalling effects, human capital and job search, we discuss why there may be heterogeneity in state dependence in both labour market states. We find that episodes of low‐wage employment incur a significantly lower risk of future non‐employment than episodes of non‐employment for low‐qualified workers. In contrast, for workers with a middle or high level of qualification the risk of non‐employment is not significantly different when being low‐paid instead of not employed.
Mobilities and theEnglish Village: Moving Beyond Fixity in Rural West Yorkshire
Authors: Goodwin‐Hawkins Bryonny 
Published: March 2014

Abstract‘Rural idyll’ nostalgia situates theEnglish village as timeless, bounded and static. It is contrasted to urban modernity and dynamism. The urban moves; the rural is held still. This has been echoed by limited scholarly engagement with rural mobilities. Against spatio‐temporal boundedness, this article emphasises the centrality of rural mobilities and conceptualises movement as occurring in, of and through the village. Drawing upon ethnographic research undertaken during 2011–2012 in ‘LyngValley’, a post‐industrial rural district inWestYorkshire,NorthernEngland, I illustrate the village as on the move in both the past and the present. Arguing for rural mobility as continual and intrinsic, I challenge the concatenation of mobility with urbanity.
Trust Matters: The Impact of Ingroup and Outgroup Trust on Nativism and Civicness
Authors: Crepaz Markus M. L. , Polk Jonathan T. , Bakker Ryan S. , Singh Shane P. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are threefold: first, we separate trust into a two‐dimensional concept: ingroup trust and outgroup trust. Second, we apply both types of trust to two dependent variables: nativism and civicness, hypothesizing that respondents with ingroup trust should display higher degrees of nativism and lower degrees of civicness while the opposite should apply to respondents with outgroup trust. Third, we control for the traditional trust question in order to determine whether there is any value added by separating trust into two dimensions.MethodsAfter applying confirmatory factor analysis to a six‐item measure in the fifth (2005/2006) wave of the World Values Survey, we identify two kinds of trust—“ingroup” and “outgroup.” We then use various regressions (linear, ordered logistic, and binary logistic) to estimate their effects on different measures of nativism and civicness.ResultsOur results indicate that despite the existence of a moderately strong positive correlation between the two trust measures, once applied to four models of nativism and three models of civicness, these have statistically significant and different relationships, even when controlling for traditional generalized trust.ConclusionsOur conclusions suggest that outgroup trust reduces nativism while ingroup trust tends to increase it, and, counter to expectations, we find that while ingroup trust varies positively and significantly with civicness measures, outgroup trust does not.
Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Andernach Iris E. , Leiss Lukas V. , Tarnagda Zekiba S. , Tahita Marc C. , Otegbayo Jesse A. , Forbi Joseph C. , Omilabu Sunday , Gouandjika-Vasilache Ionela , Komas Narcisse P. , Mbah Okwen P. , Muller Claude P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and infection with this virus aggravates acute and chronic liver disease. While HBV seroprevalence is very high across sub-Saharan Africa, much less is known about HDV in the region. In this study, almost 2,300 blood serum samples from Burkina Faso (
n
= 1,131), Nigeria (
n
= 974), Chad (
n
= 50), and the Central African Republic (
n
= 118) were screened for HBV and HDV. Among 743 HBsAg-positive serum samples, 74 were positive for HDV antibodies and/or HDV RNA, with considerable differences in prevalence, ranging from <2% (pregnant women from Burkina Faso) to 50% (liver patients from Central African Republic). HDV seems to be much more common in chronic liver disease patients in the Central African Republic (CAR) than in similar cohorts in Nigeria. In a large nested mother-child cohort in Burkina Faso, the prevalence of HDV antibodies was 10 times higher in the children than in their mothers, despite similar HBsAg prevalences, excluding vertical transmission as an important route of infection. The genotyping of 16 full-length and 8 partial HDV strains revealed clade 1 (17/24) in three of the four countries, while clades 5 (5/24) and 6 (2/24) were, at least in this study, confined to Central Nigeria. On the amino acid level, almost all our clade 1 strains exhibited a serine at position 202 in the hepatitis D antigen, supporting the hypothesis of an ancient African HDV-1 subgroup. Further studies are required to understand the public health significance of the highly varied HDV prevalences in different cohorts and countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
VP08R from Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus Is a Novel Component of the Virus-Mock Basement Membrane
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Yan Muting , Wang Rui , Lin Ting , Tang Junliang , Li Chaozheng , Weng Shaoping , He Jian-Guo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus
Megalocytivirus
, family
Iridoviridae
, brings great harm to fish farming. In infected tissues, ISKNV infection is characterized by a unique phenomenon, in that the infected cells are attached by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which are speculated to wall off the infected cells from host immune attack. A viral membrane protein, VP23R, binds and recruits the host nidogen-1 protein to construct a basement membrane (BM)-like structure, termed virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM), on the surface of infected cells to provide attaching sites for LECs. VMBMs do not contain collagen IV protein, which is essential for maintenance of BM integrity and functions. In this study, we identified the VP08R protein encoded by ISKNV. VP08R was predicted to be a secreted protein with a signal peptide but without a transmembrane domain. However, immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that VP08R is located on the plasma membrane of infected cells and shows an expression profile similar to that of VP23R. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that VP08R interacts with both VP23R and nidogen-1, indicating that VP08R is a component of VMBM and is present on the cell membrane by binding to VP23R. Through formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds, VP08R molecules self-organized into a multimer, which may play a role in the maintenance of VMBM integrity and stability. Moreover, the VP08R multimer was easily degraded when the ISKNV-infected cells were lysed, which may be a mechanism for VMBM disassembly when necessary to free LECs and release the mature virions.

IMPORTANCE
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV; genus
Megalocytivirus
, family
Iridovirus
) is most harmful to cultured fishes. In tissues, the ISKNV-infected cells are attached by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which are speculated to segregate the host immune system. A viral membrane protein, VP23R, binds and recruits the host nidogen-1 protein to construct virus-mock basement membranes (VMBMs) on the surface of infected cells to provide attaching sites for LECs. Although VMBMs lack the collagen IV network, which is an essential structural part of true BMs, VMBMs still show an intact structure. An ISKNV-encoded VP08R protein can self-assemble into a multimer and bind both VP23R and nidogen-1 to maintain the integrity and stability of VMBMs. On the basis of these facts, we redrew the putative schematic illustration of the VMBM structure. Our study suggests that the virus adopts a strategy to remodel the cellular matrix and may provide an important reference to elucidate BM functions and the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis.
Combining C-arm CT with a new remote operated positioning and guidance system for guidance of minimally invasive spine interventions
Authors: Czerny Christoph , Eichler Katrin , Croissant Yann , Schulz Boris , Kronreif Gernot , Schmidt Renate , von Roden Martin , Schomerus Christof , Vogl Thomas J , Marzi Ingo , Zangos Stephan 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo report our experience using C-arm cone beam CT (C-arm CBCT) combined with the new remote operated positioning and guidance system, iSYS1, for needle guidance during spinal interventions.MethodsA C-arm CBCT with a flat panel angiography system was acquired (Artis Zeego; Siemens Healthcare Sector, Forchheim, Germany). Reconstruction of CT-like images and planning of the needle path were performed using a common workstation. The needle holder of iSYS1 acted as a guide during insertion of Kirschner (K) wires. 20 percutaneous K wires were placed in the pedicles at T2–T3, T7–T12, and L1–L2 in a cadaver specimen. Postprocedure C-arm CBCT scans were obtained to confirm the accuracy of the K wire placement.ResultsAll K wire placements were successfully performed. Mean planning time with Syngo iGuide was 4:16 min, mean positioning time of iSYS1 was 3:35 min, and mean placement time of the K wires was 2:22 min. Mean total intervention time was 10:13 min per pedicle. A mean deviation of 0.35 mm between the planned path and the placed K wire with a mean path length of 6.73 cm was documented.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the potential of combining C-arm CBCT with iSYS1 for safe and accurate percutaneous placement of pedicle K wires in spinal interventions.
Recapturing time: a practical approach to time management for physicians
Authors: Gordon Craig E , Borkan Steven C 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Increasing pressures on physicians demand effective time management and jeopardise professional satisfaction. Effective time management potentially increases productivity, promotes advancement, limits burnout and improves both professional and personal satisfaction. However, strategies for improving time management are lacking in the current medical literature. Adapting time management techniques from the medical and non-medical literature may improve physician time management habits. These techniques can be divided into four categories: (1) setting short and long-term goals; (2) setting priorities among competing responsibilities; (3) planning and organising activities; and (4) minimising ‘time wasters’. Efforts to improve time management can increase physician productivity and enhance career satisfaction.
Identification of FoxR2 as an Oncogene in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Koso Hideto , Tsuhako Asano , Lyons Eli , Ward Jerrold M. , Rust Alistair G. , Adams David J. , Jenkins Nancy A. , Copeland Neal G. , Watanabe Sumiko 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric brain tumor, and in ∼25% of cases, it is driven by aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway in granule neuron precursor (GNP) cells. In this study, we identified novel medulloblastoma driver genes through a transposon mutagenesis screen in the developing brain of wild-type and Trp53 mutant mice. Twenty-six candidates were identified along with established driver genes such as Gli1 and Crebbp. The transcription factor FoxR2, the most frequent gene identified in the screen, is overexpressed in a small subset of human medulloblastoma of the SHH subtype. Tgif2 and Alx4, 2 new putative oncogenes identified in the screen, are strongly expressed in the SHH subtype of human medulloblastoma. Mutations in these two genes were mutually exclusive with mutations in Gli1 and tended to cooccur, consistent with involvement in the SHH pathway. Notably, Foxr2, Tgif2, and Alx4 activated Gli-binding sites in cooperation with Gli1, strengthening evidence that they function in SHH signaling. In support of an oncogenic function, Foxr2 overexpression transformed NIH3T3 cells and promoted proliferation of GNPs, the latter of which was also observed for Tgif2 and Alx4. These findings offer forward genetic and functional evidence associating Foxr2, Tgif2, and Alx4 with SHH subtype medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2351–61. ©2014 AACR.
Immune Escape and Survival Mechanisms in Circulating Tumor Cells of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Steinert Gunnar , Schölch Sebastian , Niemietz Thomas , Iwata Naoki , García Sebastián A. , Behrens Bianca , Voigt Anita , Kloor Matthias , Benner Axel , Bork Ulrich , Rahbari Nuh N. , Büchler Markus W. , Stoecklein Nikolas H. , Weitz Jürgen , Koch Moritz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The prognosis of colorectal cancer is closely linked to the occurrence of distant metastases. Systemic dissemination is most likely caused by circulating tumor cells (CTC). Despite the fundamental role of CTC within the metastatic cascade, technical obstacles have so far prevented detailed genomic and, in particular, phenotypic analyses of CTC, which may provide molecular targets to delay or prevent distant metastases. We show here a detailed genomic analysis of single colorectal cancer–derived CTC by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), mutational profiling, and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis. Furthermore, we report the first gene expression analysis of manually selected colorectal cancer–derived CTC by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to investigate transcriptional changes, enabling CTC to survive in circulation and form distant metastases. aCGH confirmed the tumor cell identity of CellSearch-isolated colorectal cancer–derived CTC. Mutational and MSI analyses revealed mutational profiles of CTC to be similar, but not identical to the corresponding tumor tissue. Several CTC exhibited mutations in key genes such as KRAS or TP53 that could not be detected in the tumor. Gene expression analyses revealed both a pronounced upregulation of CD47 as a potential immune-escape mechanism and a significant downregulation of several other pathways, suggesting a dormant state of viable CTC. Our results suggest mutational heterogeneity between tumor tissue and CTC that should be considered in future trials on targeted therapy and monitoring of response. The finding of upregulated immune-escape pathways, which may be responsible for survival of CTC in circulation, could provide a promising target to disrupt the metastatic cascade in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1694–704. ©2014 AACR.
Helping Christian Children to Learn about Islam: Teaching about Islam through Qur'anic Stories
Authors: Margaret O. , Thomas Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2014

In order that Christians responsibly discern Jesus' words, “You shall love your neighbor,” Christian education today should include learning about Muslims. And, particularly since the religious life of Muslims is at the root of their otherness, Christian children should learn more than the customs of Muslims' daily living. One educational method, for those who do not have natural contacts with Muslims, is an approach familiar to American Christian children - story-telling based on scripture, looking at characters in the Qur'an who are also in the Bible. Islam must be understood as a religion that emphasizes orthopraxis, right living through following God's will. Thus, Christian children can use the stories to talk appreciatively about both Islamic beliefs and practices. In the process, they can reflect on their own. The stories of Noah, Abraham, Joseph, and Moses and the Qur'anic material about God as Creator are appropriate to use. The storyteller needs to develop some specific purpose for each story-telling that will enable it to be a vehicle for learning about Islam. In the example of the story of Moses, the Islamic practice of saying “God willing” and “in God's name” can be related to the idea that it is God who guides human life. The Islamic parallel between Moses, who received God's law, and Muhammad, whose message is about how God wants people to live, can be explored.
Factors associated with caretaker’s readiness for disclosure of HIV diagnosis to HIV-infected children in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Punpanich W , Lolekha R , Chokephaibulkit K , Naiwatanakul T , Leowsrisook P , Boon-yasidhi V 
Published: March 2014

Summary To determine factors associated with caretaker’s readiness to disclose an HIV diagnosis to their child, a prospective study was conducted among caretakers of HIV-infected children aged seven to 16 years who were receiving care at two paediatric HIV treatment centres in Bangkok. Caretakers were offered readiness preparation counselling and their perceptions on disclosure were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Among caretakers who had participated in the readiness preparation process for at least one year, 71% (195/273) were ready for disclosure. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that child’s age of nine years or older, child’s severe immunosuppression, caretakers having prior discussion with their child about the illness, caretaker’s perception that their child had the ability to understand the HIV diagnosis and to keep it secret, and caretaker’s opinion that the proper age for disclosure is between seven and 12 years old were associated with caretaker’s readiness for disclosure. These determinants may be useful for guiding disclosure readiness preparation counselling.
Interleukin-3-mediated regulation of β-catenin in myeloid transformation and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sadras Teresa , Perugini Michelle , Kok Chung H , Iarossi Diana G , Heatley Susan L , Brumatti Gabriela , Samuel Michael S , To Luen B , Lewis Ian D , Lopez Angel F , Ekert Paul G , Ramshaw Hayley S , D'Andrea Richard J 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAberrant activation of β-catenin is a common event in AML and is an independent predictor of poor prognosis. Although increased β-catenin signaling in AML has been associated with oncogenic translocation products and activating mutations in the FLT3R, the mechanisms that activate β-catenin in AML more broadly are still unclear. Here, we describe a novel link between IL-3 signaling and the regulation of β-catenin in myeloid transformation and AML. In a murine model of HoxB8 and IL-3 cooperation, we show that β-catenin protein levels are modulated by IL-3 and that Cre-induced deletion of β-catenin abolishes IL-3-dependent growth and colony formation. In IL-3-dependent leukemic TF-1.8 cells, we observed increased β-catenin protein levels and nuclear localization in response to IL-3, and this correlated with transcriptional induction of β-catenin target genes. Furthermore, IL-3 promoted β-catenin accumulation in a subset of AML patient samples, and gene-expression profiling of these cells revealed induction of WNT/β-catenin and TCF4 gene signatures in an IL-3-dependent manner. This study is the first to link β-catenin activation to IL-3 and suggests that targeting IL-3 signaling may be an effective approach for the inhibition of β-catenin activity in some patients with AML.
Mapping crustal thickness using marine gravity data: Methods and uncertainties
Authors: Bai Yongliang , Williams Simon E. , Müller R. Dietmar , Liu Zhan , Hosseinpour Maral 
Published: March 2014

Crustal thickness is a critical parameter for understanding the processes of continental rifting and breakup and the evolution of petroleum systems within passive margins. However, direct measurements of crustal thickness are sparse and expensive, highlighting the need for methodologies using gravity anomaly data, jointly with other geophysical data, to estimate crustal thickness. We evaluated alternative gravity inversion methodologies to map crustal thickness variations at rifted continental margins and adjacent oceanic basins, and we tested our methodology in the South China Sea (SCS). Different strategies were investigated to estimate and remove the gravity effect of density variations of sediments and the temperature and pressure variations of the lithospheric mantle from the observed free air gravity anomaly data. Sediment density was calculated using a relationship between sediment thickness, porosity, and density. We found that this method is essential for crustal thickness inversion in the presence of a thick sedimentary cover by comparing the Moho depths obtained from gravity inversion and seismic interpretation in the Yinggehai Basin where sediments are up to 13 km thick; the inversion accuracy depended on the parameters of the exponential equation between porosity and the buried depth. We modeled the lithospheric mantle temperature field based on oceanic crustal age, continental crustal stretching factors, and other boundary conditions. We tested three different methods to calculate the thermal expansion coefficient, which is either held constant or is a linear/polynomial function of temperature, for applying a thermal correction and found that the inversion results were relatively insensitive to alternative methods. We compared inversion results with two recent deep seismic profiles that image the rifted continental edge at the northern margin of the SCS and the continental Liyue Bank (Reed Bank) at the southern margin, and we found that the inversion accuracy was improved considerably by removing sediment, thermal, and pressure gravity effects.