bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of the archaeal community involved in methane production during the decomposition of Microcystis blooms in the laboratory
Authors: Xing Peng , Li Huabing , Liu Qing , Zheng Jiuwen 
Published: October 2012

We investigated the microbial processes involved in methane (CH4) production from Microcystis bloom scums at different temperatures. A Microcystis slurry was collected from Lake Taihu and incubated in airtight bottles at 15, 25, and 35 °C. The production of CH4 was monitored, and the emission rate was calculated. The dynamics of the methanogenic community were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of archaeal 16S rRNA genes. Phylogenetic information for the methanogens was obtained by cloning and sequencing selected samples. Significant CH4 emission from the Microcystis scums was delayed by approximately 12 days by the natural oxygen depletion process, and CH4 production was enhanced at higher temperatures. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the archaeal community was composed of Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriaceae, and a novel cluster of Archaea. An apparent succession of the methanogenic community was demonstrated, with a predominance of Methanobacteriaceae at higher temperatures. Higher temperatures enhanced the methanogenic transformation of the Microcystis biomass and the phylogenetic dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, suggesting that H2 and CO2 might be the primary substrates for CH4 production during Microcystis decomposition without the participation of lake sediment. This work provides insight into the microbial components involved in Microcystis biomass fermentation in controlled systems.
Structural and Optical Properties of In-Free Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Gao Feng , Yamazoe Seiji , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Nakanishi Koji , Wada Takahiro 
Published: October 2012

We prepared a Cu2ZnSn(S
x
Se1-x
)4 (CZTSSe) solid solution from elemental powders. The CZTSSe solid solutions were synthesized by heating the elemental mixtures at 550 °C for 5 h in an N2 gas. All CZTSSe materials were analyzed by Rietveld analysis using the kesterite structure with a space group of I4̄ (No. 82). Rietveld analysis showed that the lattice parameters, a and c, monotonically decreased with increasing S content. Moreover, the local structures of the Cu and S atoms were investigated by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Although the local structure of the S atom in CZTSSe hardly changed in relation to the S/Se ratio, we found that the surface of CZTSSe powders became slightly oxidized. On the other hand, Cu K edge XANES showed that the S/Se ratio could be easily determined from the XANES spectra. The band gap energies of the CZTSSe materials were determined by transmittance and diffuse-reflectance spectra. The transmittance spectra were recorded using CZTSSe films fabricated by a printing and high-pressure sintering (PHS) process. The band gap energy, E
g, monotonically increased from 1.05 eV for CZTSe to 1.51 eV for CZTS.
Control of Breast Cancer Growth and Initiation by the Stem Cell–Associated Transcription Factor TCF3
Authors: Slyper Michal , Shahar Amit , Bar-Ziv Anat , Granit Roy Z. , Hamburger Tamar , Maly Bella , Peretz Tamar , Ben-Porath Ittai 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Regulatory factors controlling stem cell identity and self-renewal are often active in aggressive cancers and are thought to promote their growth and progression. TCF3 (also known as TCF7L1) is a member of the TCF/LEF transcription factor family that is central in regulating epidermal and embryonic stem cell identity. We found that TCF3 is highly expressed in poorly differentiated human breast cancers, preferentially of the basal-like subtype. This suggested that TCF3 is involved in the regulation of breast cancer cell differentiation state and tumorigenicity. Silencing of TCF3 dramatically decreased the ability of breast cancer cells to initiate tumor formation, and led to decreased tumor growth rates. In culture, TCF3 promotes the sphere formation capacity of breast cancer cells and their self-renewal. We found that in contrast to ES cells, where it represses Wnt-pathway target genes, TCF3 promotes the expression of a subset of Wnt-responsive genes in breast cancer cells while repressing another distinct target subset. In the normal mouse mammary gland, Tcf3 is highly expressed in terminal end buds, structures that lead duct development. Primary mammary cells are dependent on Tcf3 for mammosphere formation, and its overexpression in the developing gland disrupts ductal growth. Our results identify TCF3 as a central regulator of tumor growth and initiation, and a novel link between stem cells and cancer. Cancer Res; 72(21); 5613–24. ©2012 AACR.
Targeting the Transposase Domain of the DNA Repair Component Metnase to Enhance Chemotherapy
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth A. , Damiani Leah , Leitao Andrei , Hu Chelin , Hathaway Helen , Oprea Tudor , Sklar Larry , Shaheen Montaser , Bauman Julie , Wang Wei , Nickoloff Jac A. , Lee Suk-Hee , Hromas Robert 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the DNA repair component Metnase (SETMAR) mediates resistance to DNA damaging cancer chemotherapy. Metnase has a nuclease domain that shares homology with the Transposase family. We therefore virtually screened the tertiary Metnase structure against the 550,000 compound ChemDiv library to identify small molecules that might dock in the active site of the transposase nuclease domain of Metnase. We identified eight compounds as possible Metnase inhibitors. Interestingly, among these candidate inhibitors were quinolone antibiotics and HIV integrase inhibitors, which share common structural features. Previous reports have described possible activity of quinolones as antineoplastic agents. Therefore, we chose the quinolone ciprofloxacin for further study, based on its wide clinical availability and low toxicity. We found that ciprofloxacin inhibits the ability of Metnase to cleave DNA and inhibits Metnase-dependent DNA repair. Ciprofloxacin on its own did not induce DNA damage, but it did reduce repair of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Ciprofloxacin increased the sensitivity of cancer cell lines and a xenograft tumor model to clinically relevant chemotherapy. These studies provide a mechanism for the previously postulated antineoplastic activity of quinolones, and suggest that ciprofloxacin might be a simple yet effective adjunct to cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res; 72(23); 6200–8. ©2012 AACR.
Tryptophan Catabolism in Cancer: Beyond IDO and Tryptophan Depletion
Authors: Platten Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Van den Eynde Benoît J. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism in cancer is increasingly being recognized as an important microenvironmental factor that suppresses antitumor immune responses. It has been proposed that the essential amino acid tryptophan is catabolized in the tumor tissue by the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expressed in tumor cells or antigen-presenting cells. This metabolic pathway creates an immunosuppressive milieu in tumors and in tumor-draining lymph nodes by inducing T-cell anergy and apoptosis through depletion of tryptophan and accumulation of immunosuppressive tryptophan catabolites. Competitive inhibitors of IDO are currently being tested in clinical trials in patients with solid cancer, with the aim of enhancing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. There are, however, certain tumor types that are capable of catabolizing tryptophan but are largely IDO-negative. Recent evidence from studies in malignant gliomas and other types of cancers points to alternative enzymatic pathways of tryptophan catabolism involving tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). TDO, which is considered responsible for regulating systemic tryptophan levels in the liver, is constitutively expressed in some cancers and is equally capable of suppressing antitumor immune responses. Depletion of tryptophan induces signaling events in T cells, leading to anergy and apoptosis; however, active immunomodulation by accumulating tryptophan catabolites, most notably kynurenine, appears to play an equally important role. These immunomodulatory effects of kynurenine are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. This intracellular transcription factor has classically been viewed as a receptor for environmental toxins, such as dioxin, and its important role in influencing immune responses, especially in epithelial barriers, is only beginning to emerge. This review summarizes the exciting developments in our understanding of tryptophan catabolism as a key factor in the immunobiology of cancer. Cancer Res; 72(21); 5435–40. ©2012 AACR.
The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas receptor axis: A potential target for treating thrombotic diseases
Authors: Fraga-Silva Rodrigo , Da Silva Danielle , Montecucco Fabrizio , Mach François , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , da Silva Rafaela , Santos Robson 
Published: October 2012

SummaryDespite many therapeutic advances leading to increasingly effective drug treatments, thrombotic events (such as ischaemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction) still represent a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Remarkable effort has been made to identify new drug targets. There is growing evidence indicating that the recently described counter-regulator axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), composed of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin-(1–7) and the Mas receptor, has protective effects against thrombosis. In addition, it could be considered as a promising target for treating or preventing this disease. In this narrative review, we focused on the recent findings of the role of the ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas axis on the haemostatic process and its therapeutic potential.
Thromboembolism and antithrombotic therapy for heart failure in sinus rhythm
Authors: Ponikowski Piotr , Andreotti Felicita , Anker Stefan , Filippatos Gerasimos , Homma Shunichi , Morais Joao , Pullicino Patrick , Rasmussen Lars , Marin Francisco , Lane Deirdre , McMurray J. , Hoes A. , Ten Berg J. , De Caterina R. , Kristensen S. D. , Zeymer U. , Lip Gregory 
Published: October 2012

SummaryChronic heart failure (HF) with either reduced or preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction is common and remains an extremely serious disorder with a high mortality and morbidity. Many complications related to heart failure can be related to thrombosis. Epidemiological and pathophysiological data also link HF to an increased risk of thrombosis, leading to the clinical consequences of sudden death, stroke, systemic thromboembolism and/or venous thromboembolism. This executive summary of a joint consensus document of the Heart Failure Association (EHFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis reviews the published evidence, summarises ‘best practice’, and puts forward consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist management decisions in everyday clinical practice. In HF patients with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulation is clearly recommended, and the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores should be used to determine the likely risk-benefit ratio (thromboembolism prevention versus risk of bleeding) of oralnticoagulation. In HF patients with reduced LV ejection fraction who are in sinus rhythm there is no evidence of an overall benefit of vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin) on mortality, with risk of major bleeding. Whilst there is the potential for a reduction in ischaemic stroke, there is currently no compelling reason to routinely use warfarin for these patients. Risk factors associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events should be identified and decisions regarding use of anticoagulation individualised. Patient values and preferences are important determinants when balancing the risk of thromboembolism against bleeding risk. Novel oral anticoagulants that offer a different risk-benefit profile compared with warfarin may appear as an attractive therapeutic option, but this would need to be confirmed in clinical trials.Note: The editorial process for this article was fully handled by Prof. Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Prevalence and Presentation of Externalized Conductors and Electrical Abnormalities in Riata Defibrillator Leads After Fluoroscopic Screening
Authors: Theuns Dominic A.M.J. , Elvan Arif , de Voogt Willem , de Cock Carel C. , van Erven Lieselot , Meine Mathias 
Published: October 2012

Background—
The Riata family of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads is prone to a specific insulation abrasion characterized by externalization of conductor cables. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of externalized conductors and electrical abnormalities in Riata ICD leads by fluoroscopic screening and standard ICD interrogation.

Methods and Results—

All ICD implantation centers were contacted by the Netherlands Heart Rhythm Association Device Advisory Committee to identify all patients with an active Riata ICD lead and to perform fluoroscopic screening of the lead. In addition, the electrical integrity of the lead was assessed. As of March 1, 2012, data for 1029 active Riata leads were available; 47% of these were 8-F Riata and 53% were 7-F Riata ST. Externalized conductors were observed in 147 leads (14.3%). Proportion of externalized conductors was higher in 8-F Riata compared with 7-F Riata ST (21.4% vs 8.0%;
P
<0.001). Median time from implantation to detection of externalized conductors was 65.3 months. The estimated rates of externalized conductors were 6.9% and 36.6% at 5 and 8 years after implantation, respectively. Of the 147 leads with externalized conductors, 10.9% had abnormal electrical parameters vs 3.5% in nonexternalized leads (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The prevalence of externalized conductors in Riata leads is significantly high (14.3%) using fluoroscopic screening. The majority of externalized conductors are not detectable with standard ICD interrogation. Screening with fluoroscopy is reasonable.
A Differentiation Account of Recognition Memory: Evidence from fMRI
Authors: Criss Amy H. , Wheeler Mark E. , McClelland James L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Differentiation models of recognition memory predict a strength-based mirror effect in the distributions of subjective memory strength. Subjective memory strength should increase for targets and simultaneously decrease for foils following a strongly encoded list compared with a weakly encoded list. An alternative explanation for the strength-based mirror effect is that participants adopt a stricter criterion following a strong list than a weak list. Behavioral experiments support the differentiation account. The purpose of this study was to identify the neural bases for these differences. Encoding strength was manipulated (strong, weak) in a rapid event-related fMRI paradigm. To investigate the effect of retrieval context on foils, foils were presented in test blocks containing strong or weak targets. Imaging analyses identified regions in which activity increased faster for foils tested after a strong list than a weak list. The results are interpreted in support of a differentiation account of memory and are suggestive that the angular gyrus plays a role in evaluating evidence related to the memory decision, even for new items.
Prevention of demoralization in prolonged bicultural conflict and interaction: The role of cultural receptors II – Genesis of hybridization
Authors: de Figueiredo John M 
Published: October 2012

Background: The objective of this article is to show that bicultural hybridization for the prevention of demoralization is anchored on the discovery of certain thematic areas (cultural receptors) in which social roles or cultural mandates are missing, unclear, ambiguous or congruent. Material: The specific setting is the history of Goa, a former Portuguese territory on the western coast of India. Both published and unpublished sources of information were studied. Discussion: Education, occupation and income, the three dimensions of social class, were less dominant than other aspects of the Hindu caste system, such as birth into a group viewed as a caste, observance of marriage circles, regulations of kinship and inheritance, and identification with a location. These other aspects were preserved as much as possible. The result was the conversion of the caste system into a system more akin to social class. Other examples of cultural receptors were found. Conclusions: A key step in the adaptation to acculturative stress is the discovery of cultural receptors in both cultures and the development of meaningful interconnections among those receptors. Psychotherapy attempts the restoration of morale. To be effective, therapists should consider the hierarchical organization of symbols and sentiments in the patient’s culture.
Causal Model of Oral Health Care Expenditure in the Surveyed Households of Dharwad, Karnataka State, India: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Javali S.B. 
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the contributory relationships among factors determining demand of oral health care by utilizing the applications of structural equation modelling (SEM). A systematic random sample of 1,381 persons was interviewed from 280 households, in which 208 persons were reported with various oral health problems during reference period of study, and data were collected through direct personal interview method. The causal relationships were established by SEM method using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. All factors have significant positive relationship with oral health care (p < 0.05), except the distance of care from the residence (in km) and total number of living persons in the household have a significant negative relationship with oral health care (p < 0.05). The SEM fitted to the oral health care data adequately. The results indicated that the age of sick person, duration of illness episode (in days) and the total number of visits made to source of health care during the reference period had significant effect on oral health care expenditure (p < 0.05). The duration of illness episode (in days) and the total number of visits made to source of health care during the reference period are the main contributors to oral health care expenditure in surveyed households of Dharwad, Karnataka, India. It is proposed that to meet the increase the demand for health care, efforts should be made to reduce the duration of illness, the distance travelled by the sick person or patient and also, the number of visits to health care providers.
Meis1 preserves hematopoietic stem cells in mice by limiting oxidative stress
Authors: Unnisa Zeenath , Clark Jason P. , Roychoudhury Jayeeta , Thomas Elizabeth , Tessarollo Lino , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. , Grimes H. Leighton , Kumar Ashish R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The transcription factor Meis1 is expressed preferentially in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and overexpressed in certain leukemias. However, the functions of Meis1 in hematopoiesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Meis1 is required for the maintenance of hematopoiesis under stress and over the long term, whereas steady-state hematopoiesis was sustained in the absence of Meis1 in inducible knock-out mice. BM cells of Meis1-deficient mice showed reduced colony formation and contained significantly fewer numbers of long-term HSCs, which exhibited loss of quiescence. Further, we found that Meis1 deletion led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in HSCs and decreased expression of genes implicated in hypoxia response. Finally, reactive oxygen species scavenging by N-acetyl cysteine or stabilization of hypoxia signaling by knockdown of the von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein led to reversal of the effects of Meis1 deletion. The results of the present study demonstrate that Meis1 protects and preserves HSCs by restricting oxidative metabolism.
Small sizes and indolent evolutionary dynamics challenge the potential role of P2RY8-CRLF2–harboring clones as main relapse-driving force in childhood ALL
Authors: Morak Maria , Attarbaschi Andishe , Fischer Susanna , Nassimbeni Christine , Grausenburger Reinhard , Bastelberger Stephan , Krentz Stefanie , Cario Gunnar , Kasper David , Schmitt Klaus , Russell Lisa J. , Pötschger Ulrike , Stanulla Martin , Eckert Conny , Mann Georg , Haas Oskar A. , Panzer-Grümayer Renate 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion defines a particular relapse-prone subset of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (AIEOP-BFM) 2000 protocols. To investigate whether and to what extent different clone sizes influence disease and relapse development, we quantified the genomic P2RY8-CRLF2 fusion product and correlated it with the corresponding CRLF2 expression levels in patients enrolled in the BFM-ALL 2000 protocol in Austria. Of 268 cases without recurrent chromosomal translocations and high hyperdiploidy, representing approximately 50% of all cases, 67 (25%) were P2RY8-CRLF2 positive. The respective clone sizes were ≥ 20% in 27% and < 20% in 73% of them. The cumulative incidence of relapse of the entire fusion-positive group was clone size independent and significantly higher than that of the fusion-negative group (35% ± 8% vs 13% ± 3%, P = .008) and primarily confined to the non–high-risk group. Of 22 P2RY8-CRLF2–positive diagnosis/relapse pairs, only 4/8 had the fusion-positive dominant clone conserved at relapse, whereas none of the original 14 fusion-positive small clones reappeared as the dominant relapse clone. We conclude that the majority of P2RY8-CRLF2–positive clones are small at diagnosis and virtually never generate a dominant relapse clone. Our findings therefore suggest that P2RY8-CRLF2–positive clones do not have the necessary proliferative or selective advantage to evolve into a disease-relevant relapse clone.
Characterization of methionine oxidation and methionine sulfoxide reduction using methionine-rich cysteine-free proteins
Authors: Liang Xinwen , Kaya Alaattin , Zhang Yan , Le Dung Tien , Hua Deame , Gladyshev Vadim N 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Methionine (Met) residues in proteins can be readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species to Met sulfoxide (MetO). MetO is a promising physiological marker of oxidative stress and its inefficient repair by MetO reductases (Msrs) has been linked to neurodegeneration and aging. Conventional methods of assaying MetO formation and reduction rely on chromatographic or mass spectrometry procedures, but the use of Met-rich proteins (MRPs) may offer a more streamlined alternative.

Results
We carried out a computational search of completely sequenced genomes for MRPs deficient in cysteine (Cys) residues and identified several proteins containing 20% or more Met residues. We used these MRPs to examine Met oxidation and MetO reduction by in-gel shift assays and immunoblot assays with antibodies generated against various oxidized MRPs. The oxidation of Cys-free MRPs by hydrogen peroxide could be conveniently monitored by SDS-PAGE and was specific for Met, as evidenced by quantitative reduction of these proteins with Msrs in DTT- and thioredoxin-dependent assays. We found that hypochlorite was especially efficient in oxidizing MRPs. Finally, we further developed a procedure wherein antibodies made against oxidized MRPs were isolated on affinity resins containing same or other oxidized or reduced MRPs. This procedure yielded reagents specific for MetO in these proteins, but proved to be ineffective in developing antibodies with broad MetO specificity.

Conclusion
Our data show that MRPs provide a convenient tool for characterization of Met oxidation, MetO reduction and Msr activities, and could be used for various aspects of redox biology involving reversible Met oxidation.