bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health research evidence: its current usage in health planning, determinants and readiness to use knowledge translation tools among health planning teams in Tanzania—an exploratory mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Kagoma Pius , Mongi Richard , Kapologwe Ntuli A , Kengia James , Kalolo Albino 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAchieving universal health coverage requires using research evidence to inform decision-making. However, little information is available on the use of research evidence in planning in lower middle-income countries, including Tanzania. This paper presents a protocol that aims to investigate the usage of research evidence in health planning, determinants and readiness of the planning team members to use knowledge translation tools in Tanzania.Methods and analysisThis study will employ a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design, with participants selected from national, regional and council levels. Qualitative data will be collected through a maximum of 52 in-depth interviews and 12 focused group discussions until saturation. To collect quantitative data, a structured questionnaire will be used to survey 422 participants, and a document review will be conducted from health facilities. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis, while descriptive and inferential analyses will be employed for quantitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe study participants will provide written informed consent, and all recorded data will be stored on a secured research server accessible only to the investigators. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Dodoma Research Ethics Committee (ref. MA.84/261/02/‘A’/64/91). The findings of this study will inform policymakers, researchers and implementers in the country on the use of research evidence in decision-making. We will disseminate our findings through publications, conferences, workshops and interactive communication with national, regional, council and health facility planning teams.
Cross-sectional analysis of the association between household food insecurity and mental health conditions in children aged 5–11 years in Canada
Authors: Thielman Justin , Orr Sarah , Naraentheraraja Saranya , Harrington Daniel , Carsley Sarah 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundChildren living in food insecure households have poorer mental health outcomes compared with their food-secure peers; however, the relationship between the severity of food insecurity and diagnosed mental health conditions in young children remains unknown. This study examined the association between household food insecurity and reported diagnosed mental health conditions among children aged 5–11 years in Canada.MethodsThis study included 16 216 children aged 5–11 years living in Canada, from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. We measured household food insecurity using the Household Food Security Survey Module. We measured diagnosed mental health conditions by parent/caregiver report of health professional-diagnosed anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. We developed a multivariable logistic regression model to assess the association between severities of food insecurity and mental health, controlling for potentially confounding variables.Results17.0% of children lived in households reporting some level of food insecurity (5.4% marginal, 8.0% moderate and 3.6% severe). The prevalence of at least one diagnosed mental health condition in the same population was 10.9%. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, children from marginal, moderate and severe food insecure households had a 1.39 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.97), 1.46 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.89) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.35) increased odds of having a diagnosed mental health condition, respectively.ConclusionHousehold food insecurity is associated with an increased presence of diagnosed mental health conditions in children aged 5–11 years. This study adds to the body of research showing that social and economic inequities, including household food insecurity, negatively impact the health of children.
Assessing digital health knowledge, attitudes and practices among nurses in Naples: a survey study protocol
Authors: Guillari Assunta , Sansone Vincenza , Giordano Vincenza , Catone Maria , Rea Teresa 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDigital competencies are essential for nurses to actively participate in the digitisation of healthcare systems. Therefore, it is important to assess their skill levels to identify strengths and areas for improvement.Method and analysisThis study aims to investigate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, subjective norms and behavioural control regarding digital health. A knowledge-attitude-practice model guided the development of a structured questionnaire divided into six sections. A sample of 480 registered nurses of Naples will be involved in the study. After conducting a pretest, an invitation will be publicised through the institutional communication channels of Nurses Provincial Order of Naples. Nurses will respond via a unique link or quick response code sent through a PEC email system (a legally valid email system, which guarantees delivery and receipt). They will have 30 days to complete the survey, scheduled betweenMay and July 2024.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics committee approval was required, as the study does not involve minors, direct or indirect physical or physiological harm to participants, or clinical trials. Anonymity will be guaranteed at all data collection and processing levels. The results will be broadly distributed through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. The effective use of digital technologies by healthcare professionals can bring significant improvements to healthcare services and help improve the health of individuals and community health. The study’s findings will serve as a foundation for developing and implementing educational programmes related to eHealth and telemedicine, promoting the harmonisation of such programmes.
Protocol for the San Diego Nathan Shock Center Clinical Cohort: a new resource for studies of human aging
Authors: Phang Howard J , Heimler Stephanie R , Scandalis Lina M , Wing David , Moran Ryan , Nichols Jeanne F , Moreno Daniel , Shadel Gerald S , Gage Fred H , Molina Anthony J A 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionWhile it is well recognised that aging is a heterogeneous process, our understanding of the determinants of biological aging and its heterogeneity remains unclear. The San Diego Nathan Shock Center (SD-NSC) Clinical Cohort aims to establish a resource of biospecimens and extensive donor clinical data such as physical, cognitive and sensory function to support other studies that aim to explore the heterogeneity of normal human aging and its biological underpinnings.Methods and analysisThe SD-NSC Clinical Cohort is composed of 80 individuals across the adult human lifespan. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria are implemented to minimise extrinsic factors that may impede the study of normal aging. Across three visits, participants undergo extensive phenotyping for collection of physical performance, body composition, cognitive function, sensory ability, mental health and haematological data. During these visits, we also collected biospecimens including plasma, platelets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts for banking and future studies on aging.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval from the UC San Diego School of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB #201 141 SHOCK Center Clinical Cohort, PI: Molina) was obtained on 11 November 2020. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants after objectives and procedures of the study have been fully explained. Congruent with the goal of establishing a core resource, biological samples and clinical data are made available to the research community through the SD-NSC.
Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Structured Psychological Support for people with probable personality disorder in mental health services in England: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Crawford Mike J , Leeson Verity C , Evans Rachel , Goulden Nia , Weaver Tim , Trumm Aile , Barrett Barbara M , Khun-Thompson Fiona , Pandya Snehal P , Saunders Kate E , Lamph Gary , Woods David , Smith Harriet , Greenall Toby , Nicklin Victoria , Barnicot Kirsten 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionEvidence-based psychological treatments for people with personality disorder usually involve attending group-based sessions over many months. Low-intensity psychological interventions of less than 6 months duration have been developed, but their clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are unclear.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, researcher-masked, superiority trial. Study participants will be aged 18 and over, have probable personality disorder and be treated by mental health staff in seven centres in England. We will exclude people who are: unwilling or unable to provide written informed consent, have a coexisting organic or psychotic mental disorder, or are already receiving psychological treatment for personality disorder or on a waiting list for such treatment. In the intervention group, participants will be offered up to 10 individual sessions of Structured Psychological Support. In the control group, participants will be offered treatment as usual plus a single session of personalised crisis planning. The primary outcome is social functioning measured over 12 months using total score on the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Secondary outcomes include mental health, suicidal behaviour, health-related quality of life, patient-rated global improvement and satisfaction, and resource use and costs. The primary analysis will compare WSAS scores across the 12-month period using a general linear mixed model adjusting for baseline scores, allocation group and study centre on an intention-to-treat basis. In a parallel process evaluation, we will analyse qualitative data from interviews with study participants, clinical staff and researchers to examine mechanisms of impact and contextual factors.Ethics and disseminationThe study complies with the Helsinki Declaration II and is approved by the London—Bromley Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID 315951). Study findings will be published in an open access peer-reviewed journal; and disseminated at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN13918289.
Shedding light on the non-operative treatment of the forgotten side of the knee: rehabilitation of medial collateral ligament injuries—a systematic review
Authors: Svantesson Jasmine , Piussi Ramana , Weissglas Elin , Svantesson Eleonor , Horvath Alexandra , Börjesson Erik , Williams Andy , Prill Robert , Samuelsson Kristian , Hamrin Senorski Eric 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to review the current literature regarding the non-operative treatment of isolated medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries.DesignSystematic review, registered in the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/E9CP4).Data sourcesThe Embase, MEDLINE and PEDro databases were searched; last search was performed on December 2023.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed original reports from studies that included information about individuals who sustained an isolated MCL injury with non-surgical treatment as an intervention, or reports comparing surgical with non-surgical treatment were eligible for inclusion. Included reports were synthesised qualitatively. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies. Certainty of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation.ResultsA total of 26 reports (1912 patients) were included, of which 18 were published before the year 2000 and 8 after. No differences in non-operative treatment were reported between grade I and II injuries, where immediate weight bearing and ambulation were tolerated, and rehabilitation comprised different types of strengthening exercises with poorly reported details. Some reports used immobilisation with a brace as a treatment method, while others did not use any equipment. The use of a brace and duration of use was inconsistently reported.ConclusionThere is substantial heterogeneity and lack of detail regarding the non-operative treatment of isolated MCL injuries. This should prompt researchers and clinicians to produce high-quality evidence studies on the promising non-operative treatment of isolated MCL injuries to aid in decision-making and guide rehabilitation after MCL injury.Level of evidenceLevel I, systematic review.
Age-stratified patterns in clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes in acute pericarditis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Collini Valentino , Siega Vignut Luca , Angriman Federico , Braidotti Gioia , De Biasio Marzia , Imazio Massimo 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThere are limited data on acute pericarditis according to different age groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of age-related features in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of acute pericarditis, with a focus on the geriatric population.MethodsPatients with a first episode of acute pericarditis were consecutively enrolled between January 2014 and June 2022, and divided into four groups according to age (G1: 18–35 years; G2: 35–55 years; G3: 55–75 years; G4: >75 years). Clinical characteristics and medical therapy were recorded at baseline, and during follow-up.ResultsA total of 471 patients (median age 56.3 (IQR 33–73) years, 32.3% women) were included. Younger age (G1-G2-G3) was associated with a higher frequency of chest pain, pericardial rubs (p<0001), ECG changes (p=0.002) and were more commonly treated with colchicine (p<0.001), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p=0.006). Older patients (G4) depicted more commonly dyspnoea, pericardial/pleural effusion (p=0.007) and were more often treated with corticosteroids (p=0.037). A secondary cause of pericarditis was detected in 128/471 (27.2%) patients. Older patients were more commonly hospitalised and had a complicated course with new-onset atrial fibrillation (p<0.001) and cardiac tamponade (p=0.005), compared with younger patients, who presented more recurrences (respectively G1: 43.0%, G2: 34.7%, G3: 28.2% and G4: 16.2%; p<0.001). After multivariable analysis, younger age remained the strongest independent predictor for recurrences (HR 3.23, 95% CI 1.81 to 5.58, p<0.001).ConclusionOlder age is associated with less recurrences of pericarditis, but more severe complications with need for hospitalisation.
Characterization of adverse events in injured patients at risk of hemorrhagic shock: a secondary analysis of three harmonized prehospital randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lorence John M , Donohue Jack K , Iyanna Nidhi , Guyette Francis X , Gimbel Elizabeth , Brown Joshua B , Daley Brian J , Eastridge Brian J , Miller Richard S , Nirula Raminder , Harbrecht Brian G , Claridge Jeffrey A , Phelan Herb A , Vercruysse Gary , O'Keeffe Terence , Joseph Bellal , Neal Matthew D , Sperry Jason L 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe reporting of adverse events (AEs) is required and well defined in the execution of clinical trials, but is poorly characterized particularly in prehospital trials focusing on traumatic injury. In the setting of prehospital traumatic injury trials, no literature currently exists analyzing the clinical implications of AEs and their associations with mortality and morbidity. We sought to analyze AEs from three prehospital hemorrhagic shock trials and characterize their time course, incidence, severity, associated clinical outcomes, and relatedness.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of three prehospital randomized clinical trials. We analyzed AEs at both the patient level as well as the individual AE level. We categorized patients who had no AEs, a single documented AE and those with multiple events (>1 AE). We characterized AE timing, severity, relatedness and attributable mortality outcomes.ResultsWe included 1490 patients from the three harmonized clinical trials, with 299 (20.1%) individual patients having at least a single AE documented with 529 AEs documented overall as a proportion of patients had multiple events. Over 44% of patients had a death-related misclassified AE. Patients with at least a single documented AE had a significantly higher 28-day mortality (log-rank χ2=81.27, p<0.001) compared with those without an AE documented. Patients with a single AE had a significant higher mortality than those with multiple AEs, potentially due to survival bias (log-rank χ2=11.80, p=0.006). When relatedness of each individual AE was characterized, over 97% of AEs were classified as ‘definitely not related’ or ‘probably not related’ to the intervention.ConclusionsAEs in hemorrhagic shock trials are common, occur early and are associated with mortality and survival bias. The potential for inaccurate reporting exists, and education and training remain essential for appropriate treatment arm comparison. The current results have important relevance to injury-related clinical trials.Trial registration numbersNCT01818427,NCT02086500andNCT03477006.Level of evidenceII.
Lecture notes on current–current deformations
Authors: Borsato Riccardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThese are pedagogical lecture notes discussing current–current deformations of 2-dimensional field theories. The deformations that are considered here are generated infinitesimally by bilinears of Noether currents corresponding to internal global symmetries of the “seed” theory. When the seed theory is conformal, these deformations are marginal and are often known as $$J{\bar{J}}$$

J

J

¯

-deformations. In this context, we review the criterion for marginal operators due to Chaudhuri and Schwartz. When the seed theory is an integrable $$\sigma $$
σ
-model (in the sense that it possesses a Lax connection), these deformations preserve the integrability. Here we review this fact by viewing the deformations as maps that leave the equations of motion and the Poisson brackets of the 2-dimensional $$\sigma $$
σ
-models invariant. The reinterpretation as undeformed theories with twisted boundary conditions is also discussed, as well as the effect of the deformation at the level of the S-matrix of the quantum theory. The finite (or integrated) form of the deformations is equivalent to sequences of T-duality–shift–T-duality transformations (TsT’s), and here we review the O(d, d)-covariant formalism that is useful to describe them. The presentation starts with pedagogical examples of deformations of free massless scalars in 2 dimensions, and minimal prerequisites on conformal field theories or integrability are needed to understand later sections. Moreover, guided exercises are proposed to the reader. These notes were prepared for the Young Researchers Integrability School and Workshop (YRISW) held in Durham from 17 to 21 July 2023.
Efficient realization of quantum algorithms with qudits
Authors: Nikolaeva Anastasiia S. , Kiktenko Evgeniy O. , Fedorov Aleksey K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer that can solve efficiently various difficult computational problems is an outstanding challenge for science and technology. In this work, we propose a technique for an efficient implementation of quantum algorithms with multilevel quantum systems (qudits). Our method uses a transpilation of a circuit in the standard qubit form, which depends on the characteristics of a qudit-based processor, such as the number of available qudits and the number of accessible levels. This approach provides a qubit-to-qudit mapping and comparison to a standard realization of quantum algorithms highlighting potential advantages of qudits. We provide an explicit scheme of transpiling qubit circuits into sequences of single-qudit and two-qudit gates taken from a particular universal set. We then illustrate our method by considering an example of an efficient implementation of a 6-qubit quantum algorithm with qudits. In this particular example, we demonstrate how using qudits allows a decreasing amount of two-body interactions in the qubit circuit implementation. We expect that our findings are of relevance for ongoing experiments with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices that operate with information carriers allowing qudit encodings, such as trapped ions and neutral atoms, as well as optical and solid-state systems.
Global Burden of Stroke Attributable to Low Physical Activity/High Body Mass Index Among People Aged 55 Years and Older
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Lv Jia-Jie , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yuan-Jie , Yang Xi-Tao , Zhang Ru-Hong , Guo Zhi-Lin , Wang Zhao-Wei , Cheng Zhi-Hua 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to quantify the global stroke burden attributable to low physical activity and high body mass index in adults aged ≥55 years using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

METHODS:
We extracted data on stroke mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and risk factor exposure from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study for people aged ≥55 years. We calculated the population-attributable fraction and absolute number of stroke cases and disability-adjusted life years attributable to low physical activity and high body mass index by location, age group, sex, and year.

RESULTS:
Globally, body mass index and physical inactivity-attributable stroke burden have declined modestly since 1990, but with diverging escalatory regional trajectories. Population growth and aging drive this rising burden.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multidimensional, context-specific strategies focused on modifiable lifestyle risks are imperative to address the modest declines and escalatory regional trajectories in body mass index and physical inactivity-attributable stroke burden.
Cognitive Representations and Personal Experiences of COVID-19 Using Social Virtual Reality
Authors: Young Gareth W. , O'Dwyer Néill , Smolic Aljosa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding its psychological and social impacts has become a critical area of scientific inquiry. The pandemic's far-reaching consequences have been felt across diverse populations, prompting a need for innovative research methodologies to capture the breadth of individual experiences. This study addresses the challenge of articulating personal narratives during the pandemic by leveraging the capabilities of social virtual reality (VR) and digital storytelling, a method yet to be fully explored in pandemic-related research. Here, we show that by integrating photogrammetric 3D media with social VR technology, we can obtain a nuanced understanding of individuals' experiences during the COVID-19 lockdowns. Our analysis reveals distinct themes related to health, life events, environment, technology, and employment, illustrating a complex interplay of factors influencing personal experiences during the pandemic. These findings contrast with and expand upon previous research by providing a more immersive and participant-centric perspective on the pandemic's impact. They highlight the value of using VR to capture and analyze personal experiences in unprecedented global situations. By situating these results within the broader context of pandemic research, this study underscores the potential of VR as a transformative tool for social science research. It opens new avenues for understanding complex human experiences, offering valuable insights across scientific disciplines, thereby enhancing our collective knowledge of the pandemic's multifaceted effects on society.