bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scapular Kinematics During Shoulder Elevation Performed With and Without Elastic Resistance in Men Without Shoulder Pathologies
Authors: Camci Elif , Duzgun Irem , Hayran Mutlu , Baltaci Gul , Karaduman Ayse 
Published: September 2013

Study Design Controlled laboratory study using within-group comparisons. Objectives To compare scapular kinematics between active and resisted shoulder elevation performed in the sagittal (flexion), frontal (abduction), and scapular (scapular abduction) planes. Background Several studies have documented scapular kinematics during arm elevation against an external load; however, there is little information on how scapular kinematics change with loading provided by elastic bands, an exercise approach often used in the clinic. Methods Thirty-two men without shoulder pathology participated in the study. The level of resistance to be used for each individual was determined prior to data collection and standardized by perceived effort on a Borg scale. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics were recorded with an electromagnetic tracking device in all 3 planes of shoulder elevation for both the unloaded (active) and loaded (resisted) conditions. Data for scapular kinematics were analyzed at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humerothoracic elevation and lowering. Comparisons between loading conditions were made using analysis-of-variance models. Results In general, for all 3 planes of movement, the scapula was more downwardly rotated and anteriorly tilted during the elevation phase and more so during the lowering phase of shoulder elevation when performed against elastic resistance. While some of the statistically significant differences might not have been large enough to be considered clinically meaningful, some values were of a magnitude similar to previously reported differences between healthy and symptomatic individuals. Conclusions The changes in scapular motion during the loaded condition were relatively small in this population with normal scapular motion, but they were in a direction that would be considered to have potential to lead to injuries, suggesting caution when using these exercises in individuals with poor scapular control. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):735–743. Epub 13 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4466
Forest Monitoring, Measurement, Reporting and Verification: from Principle to Practice
Authors: Manandhar Ugan 
Published: September 2013

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), many tropical developing countries have agreed to participate in the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation as well as conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks and sustainable management of forests (REDD+) programme so as to receive payments for their contribution in reducing emissions from forestry sector. The emission reduction is measured in terms of quantifications of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent, upon which payments are made. To quantify emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent, a process called measurement/monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) has been developed, which forms the backbone of performance-based payment under the REDD+ mechanism. This paper primarily reviews the principles and methods of MRV. By taking the case of the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) of Nepal, a sub-national level proposed project, the paper demonstrates how an institutional mechanism for MRV can be designed and practiced at national level considering national circumstances and existing institutions. Also, the cost effectiveness and transparency of the MRV process are identified as important elements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v11i2.8621 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.11(2) 2013 46-54
Panorama de la lírica popular mexicana
Authors: Díaz Roig Mercedes 
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — La chanson populaire, expression du peuple mexicain, est variée et présente une certaine amplitude stylistique. Elle comprend deux types : la chanson « populaire », produit d'une mode temporelle, et la chanson traditionnelle. Cette dernière est l'objet de cette étude.
Sa diffusion est régionale, sauf en ce qui concerne les chansons d'enfants et quelques chansons de circonstance. Mais les strophes (copias) n'ont pas cette limitation géographique, elles circulent librement d'une chanson à l'autre. Cela est possible grâce à l'abondance de formes-base (quatrain, seguidille), du vers octosyllabe (87 %) et à la capacité des chanteurs pour l'adaptation formelle. Le corpus est riche et, en plus, chaque copia peut être variée produisant ainsi des versions multiples. Dans cette vaste gamme, on peut repérer des traits caractéristiques propres au pays : dans la forme, l'abondance relative de la sextille et la fréquence de la rime consonantique. Les différences les plus fortes sont lexicales. Dans la thématique, on remarque les copias sur les animaux, le « machismo » et les copias humoristiques où se révèle la picaresque mexicaine.
Acteurs et ressources du développement local en Allemagne orientale : le territoire rural au prisme des projets du programme européen LEADER
Authors: Lacquement Guillaume , Raynal Jean-Claude 
Published: September 2013

La contribution analyse la manière dont les membres des groupes d’action locale (GAL) du programme européen LEADER (2007-2013) conçoivent et pilotent les projets de développement dans la partie orientale de l’Allemagne. L’étude privilégie l’approche monographique – dans la Région LEADER Hennerberger Land en Thuringe occidentale - pour comprendre comment ces réseaux de coopération s’emploient à la diversification des activités rurales par la mobilisation de nouvelles ressources territoriales. Dans ces campagnes de l’ex-RDA, rapidement décollectivisées au début des années 1990, les programmes LEADER participent à la diffusion des politiques rurales fondées sur les principes du développement endogène et les mécanismes de la gouvernance locale. Parce qu’ils impliquent des acteurs divers, sollicités pour leur niveau de responsabilité politique, leur activité professionnelle ou leur participation à la vie associative, les GAL posent la question de la coordination de l’action locale en faveur du développement territorial.
Recent results from pastoralism research and development practice
Authors: Kreutzmann Hermann 
Published: September 2013

In recent years a growing attention is given to pastoralism research and practice. Two reasons are mainly responsible : First, the growing awareness of the importance of rangelands and pastures in the framework of global and climatic change. Second, the different forms of external interventions in the pastoral realm that have significantly changed the degrees of freedom and have contributed to a shrinking space for pastoral communities.
L’élevage des yaks au Bhoutan : II. Un symbole menacé de marginalisation par la modernisation de l’économie. Quelles politiques publiques pour préserver ce patrimoine ?
Authors: Dervillé Marie 
Published: September 2013

Cet article interroge les causes de la marginalisation de l’élevage de yaks au Bhoutan. Une analyse en termes de « bien commun » met en évidence que le déclin de cet élevage résulte d’une entrée en crise des ressources communes traditionnelles d’innovation sous la pression de forces de changement politiques et économiques. Les éleveurs ont ainsi progressivement perdu la capacité collective de contrôle de leur devenir. Une intervention publique cohérente pour soutenir la capacité des éleveurs à s’insérer dans un Bhoutan modernisé est urgente. Une analyse économique du revenu des éleveurs conduit à l’identification de différents leviers d’amélioration. La segmentation qualitative des marchés en lien avec le tourisme et le renforcement des droits des communautés d’éleveurs en matière de gestion des terres d’altitude sont proposés et argumentés comme pistes d’intervention pour promouvoir la capacité d’adaptation des éleveurs au changement.
Multiannual infestation patterns of grapevine plant inhabitingScaphoideus titanus(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) leafhoppers
Authors: Rigamonti Ivo E. , Trivellone Valeria , Jermini Mauro , Fuog Daniele , Baumgärtner Johann 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Nearctic leafhopperScaphoideus titanusBall (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was accidentally introduced in Europe, where it became the vector of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ phytoplasma causing the ‘Flavescence dorée’ disease of grapevine plants. A time-varying distributed delay model, simulating the successive occurrences of egg hatching, nymph presence, and adult emergence, is extended here to represent multi-generation infestation patterns of grapevine plants inhabited by eggs, nymphs, and adults. The model extension includes intrinsic mortality, mortality caused by plant dormancy, and low temperatures, development of diapausing and post-diapausing eggs, fecundity rates, and adult longevity. Field observations and published data were used to estimate parameters. The model was validated with five years canopy infestation data from five vineyards not subjected to insecticide treatments and found to have satisfactory explicative and predictive qualities. The model output is most sensitive to a 10% variation in the upper threshold and in the shape parameters of the survivorship function and least sensitive to a 10% variation in the shape parameters of the development function and the survivorship level. Recommendations are made to take into account other factors than temperature and plant phenology and include a wider geographical area in further model development.
Maresin 1, a Proresolving Lipid Mediator Derived from Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Exerts Protective Actions in Murine Models of Colitis
Authors: Marcon Rodrigo , Bento Allisson F. , Dutra Rafael C. , Bicca Maira A. , Leite Daniela F. P. , Calixto João B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It has been previously reported that dietary fish oils, which are rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can exert beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid–derived lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)– and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid–induced colitis in mice. Systemic treatment with MaR1 significantly attenuated both DSS- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced colonic inflammation by improving the disease activity index and reducing body weight loss and colonic tissue damage. MaR1 treatment also induced a significant decrease in levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the acute protocol, as well as IL-1β and IL-6, but not TNF-α and INF-γ, in the chronic DSS colitis protocol. Additionally, MaR1 decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in both the acute and chronic protocols of DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of MaR1 seem to be associated with inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, incubation of LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived macrophage cultures with MaR1 reduced neutrophil migration and reactive oxygen species production, besides decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ production. Interestingly, macrophages incubated only with MaR1 showed a significant upregulation of mannose receptor C, type 1 mRNA expression, an M2 macrophage phenotype marker. These results indicate that MaR1 consistently protects mice against different models of experimental colitis, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and consequently multiple inflammatory mediators, as well as by enhancing the macrophage M2 phenotype.
An Alternative Role of C1q in Bacterial Infections: FacilitatingStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdherence and Invasion of Host Cells
Authors: Agarwal Vaibhav , Ahl Jonas , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen, which evolved numerous successful strategies to colonize the host. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of pneumococcal–host interaction, whereby pneumococci use a host complement protein C1q, primarily involved in the host-defense mechanism, for colonization and subsequent dissemination. Using cell-culture infection assays and confocal microscopy, we observed that pneumococcal surface-bound C1q significantly enhanced pneumococcal adherence to and invasion of host epithelial and endothelial cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated a direct, Ab-independent binding of purified C1q to various clinical isolates of pneumococci. This interaction was seemingly capsule serotype independent and mediated by the bacterial surface-exposed proteins, as pretreatment of pneumococci with pronase E but not sodium periodate significantly reduced C1q binding. Moreover, similar binding was observed using C1 complex as the source of C1q. Furthermore, our data show that C1q bound to the pneumococcal surface through the globular heads and with the host cell-surface receptor(s)/glycosaminoglycans via its N-terminal collagen-like stalk, as the presence of C1q N-terminal fragment and low m.w. heparin but not the C-terminal globular heads blocked C1q-mediated pneumococcal adherence to host cells. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, a unique function of complement protein C1q, as a molecular bridge between pneumococci and the host, which promotes bacterial cellular adherence and invasion. Nevertheless, in some conditions, this mechanism could be also beneficial for the host as it may result in uptake and clearance of the bacteria.
LAT1 Is a Critical Transporter of Essential Amino Acids for Immune Reactions in Activated Human T Cells
Authors: Hayashi Keitaro , Jutabha Promsuk , Endou Hitoshi , Sagara Hironori , Anzai Naohiko 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Activation of T cells accompanies remarkable enhancement of metabolism. Sufficient and continuous nutrient supply is therefore important to support immune reaction in T cells. However, the mechanism of the promotion of nutrient incorporation in activated T cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a major transporter for essential amino acids into activated human T cells. CD3/CD28 stimulation in primary human T cells triggered dramatic induction of LAT1 expression mediated by NF-κB and AP-1. Functional disturbance of LAT1 by a specific inhibitor and by small interfering RNA in human T cells suppressed essential amino acid uptake and induced a stress response mediated by DNA damage–inducible transcript 3 to attenuate cytokine production via inhibition of NF-κB and NFAT activities. These results uncover the previously unknown mechanism by which T cells accelerate essential amino acid uptake upon activation and adapt to essential amino acid starvation. Our results also raise the possibility for application of an LAT1 inhibitor as a new drug for therapy of disease caused by exaggerated immune response.
The p38-MSK1 Signaling Cascade Influences Cytokine Production through CREB and C/EBP Factors in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Mayer Thomas Z. , Simard François A. , Cloutier Alexandre , Vardhan Harsh , Dubois Claire M. , McDonald Patrick P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Neutrophils influence innate and adaptative immunity by generating numerous cytokines and chemokines whose regulation largely depends on transcriptional activators such as NF-κB and C/EBP factors. In this study, we describe the critical involvement of CREB transcription factors (CREB1 and activating transcription factor-1) in this functional response as well as relevant upstream signaling components. Neutrophil stimulation with LPS or TNF led to the phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and chemokine promoter association of CREB1 and activating transcription factor-1. These responses occurred downstream of the p38-MSK1 signaling axis, as did the phosphorylation and promoter association of another bZIP factor, C/EBPβ. Conversely, inhibition of RSK1 failed to alter the phosphorylation of either CREB1 or C/EBPβ in neutrophils. From a more functional standpoint, the inhibition of p38 MAPK or MSK1 interfered with cytokine generation in neutrophils. Likewise, overexpression of a dominant-negative CREB1 mutant (K-CREB) or of a point mutant (S133A) resulted in a decreased ability of human neutrophil-like PLB-985 cells to generate inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, and TNF-α). Collectively, our data show the involvement of CREB1 in neutrophil cytokine production, the key role of its S133 residue, important upstream signaling events, and the parallel activation of another bZIP factor. These are all potential molecular targets that could be exploited in the context of several chronic inflammatory diseases that prominently feature neutrophils and their products.
Important Role for FcγRIIB on B Lymphocytes for Mucosal Antigen-Induced Tolerance and Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Sun Jia-Bin , Xiang Zou , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Holmgren Jan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
FcγRIIB, the only FcγR expressed on B cells, is important in the maintenance of immunological tolerance to self-Ags. In this study, we investigated the role of FcγRIIB in Ag-specific CD4 T cell tolerance induced by mucosally administered Ag (OVA) coupled to cholera toxin B subunit (Ag/CTB) or given alone. We found that sublingual administration of Ag/CTB conjugate or intragastric administration of a &gt;100-fold higher dose of Ag alone efficiently suppressed parenteral immunization–induced Ag-specific T cell proliferation and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in FcγRIIB-expressing wild-type (WT), but not FcγRIIB−/−, mice. Such mucosally induced tolerance (oral tolerance) associated with induction of Ag-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was restored in FcγRIIB−/− mice by adoptive transfer of either WT B cells or WT dendritic cells before the mucosal Ag/CTB treatment; it was even more pronounced in μMT mice that received FcγRIIB-overexpressing B cells before treatment. Furthermore, cell transfer in either WT or μMT mice of WT but not FcγRIIB−/− B cells pretreated for 1 h in vitro with Ag/CTB conjugate induced Ag-specific immunological tolerance, which was further enhanced by adoptive transfer of WT B cells pretreated with anti-Ag IgG immune complexed Ag/CTB. We conclude that FcγRIIB expression on B cells, in addition to dendritic cells, is important for mucosal induction of Ag-specific immune tolerance.
CD4+ T Cell Expression of MyD88 Is Essential for Normal Resolution of Chlamydia muridarum Genital Tract Infection
Authors: Frazer Lauren C. , Sullivan Jeanne E. , Zurenski Matthew A. , Mintus Margaret , Tomasak Tammy E. , Prantner Daniel , Nagarajan Uma M. , Darville Toni 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Resolution of Chlamydia genital tract infection is delayed in the absence of MyD88. In these studies, we first used bone marrow chimeras to demonstrate a requirement for MyD88 expression by hematopoietic cells in the presence of a wild-type epithelium. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras we then determined that MyD88 expression was specifically required in the adaptive immune compartment. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD4+ T cell expression of MyD88 was necessary for normal resolution of genital tract infection. This requirement was associated with a reduced ability of MyD88−/−CD4+ T cells to accumulate in the draining lymph nodes and genital tract when exposed to the same inflammatory milieu as wild-type CD4+ T cells. We also demonstrated that the impaired infection control we observed in the absence of MyD88 could not be recapitulated by deficiencies in TLR or IL-1R signaling. In vitro, we detected an increased frequency of apoptotic MyD88−/−CD4+ T cells upon activation in the absence of exogenous ligands for receptors upstream of MyD88. These data reveal an intrinsic requirement for MyD88 in CD4+ T cells during Chlamydia infection and indicate that the importance of MyD88 extends beyond innate immune responses by directly influencing adaptive immunity.
Flow diverter neuroendovascular stents – Reconstructive endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms – Single centre experience
Authors: Kadzioloka Krzysztof , Estrade Laurent , Pierot Laurent , Rajpal Girish 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFlow diverter stents (FDS) are new neuroendovascular tools able to achieve the complete and curative treatment of aneurysm by reconstruction of the parent arteries from which the aneurysm arises. We present our initial experience with flow diverter embolization devices and follow-up results.Patients with large, giant and wide necked aneurysms, saccular, fusiform and recurrent aneurysms were selected for the treatment. All patients were pretreated with dual antiplatelet agents at least for 7 days before procedure and continued taking both agents for 3 months after treatment. A MRI was done after 3 months of treatment and digital subtraction angiogram was performed at 4 months of treatment. After 1 year both MRI and digital subtraction angiogram was performed.11 patients (age range 37 year to 79 year, mean 51.1) with 11 intracranial aneurysms were treated with 15 flow diverter stents. 9 aneurysm were located on the anterior circulation and 2 on posterior circulation. 8 aneurysms were large (10-25 mm), 2 were small (<10 mm) and 1 was giant (>25 mm) with mean largest diameter of 13.22 mm. 9 were saccular aneurysm and 2 were fusiform, out of these 3 were remnant of the previously treated aneurysm. Treatment was achieved with 10 Silk stents in 7 patients and 5 Pipeline embolization devices in 4 patients. The mean time between treatment and follow up was 9.6 months (range 4-12 months). One mortality was noted due to rebleed after 3 weeks of treatment. Complete angiographic occlusion was achieved in 9 (90%) patients after 4 months and 1 (10%) patient had near complete occlusion at 12 months. All the patients were stable clinically during follow up period.Endovascular treatment with FDS is safe, easy, and permanent treatment for the selected group of aneurysms. The complete occlusion rate in follow-up study approaches 100% with no angiographic recurrence in this study.
Multi‐objective optimization power control for code division multiple access systems
Authors: Yang Chang‐Yi 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYIn code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems, the communication channel is usually corrupted with time‐varying interferences, which include channel fading, multiple access interference, round‐trip delay, and noise. Power control is an important issue for CDMA systems to achieve higher communication link quality and better system capacity under time‐varying interferences. In the previous studies, most of power control algorithms only considered the user's target signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise‐ratio (SINR) to maintain quality of service. In this study, a multi‐objective optimization method is proposed for power control design in CDMA systems. With a shadow system and an h ∞  filter to compensate for the round‐trip delay, the proposed power control scheme can simply adjust transmission power to achieve the best compromise between several objectives, such as minimization of SINR deviation, minimization of power consumption, and minimization of the system outage. Several simulation results are given to confirm the performance of the proposed power control scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.