bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of chromosomal architecture in Arabidopsisby chromosome conformation capture
Authors: Grob Stefan , Schmid Marc W , Luedtke Nathan W , Wicker Thomas , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background
The packaging of long chromatin fibers in the nucleus poses a major challenge, as it must fulfill both physical and functional requirements. Until recently, insights into the chromosomal architecture of plants were mainly provided by cytogenetic studies. Complementary to these analyses, chromosome conformation capture technologies promise to refine and improve our view on chromosomal architecture and to provide a more generalized description of nuclear organization.

Results
Employing circular chromosome conformation capture, this study describes chromosomal architecture in Arabidopsis nuclei from a genome-wide perspective. Surprisingly, the linear organization of chromosomes is reflected in the genome-wide interactome. In addition, we study the interplay of the interactome and epigenetic marks and report that the heterochromatic knob on the short arm of chromosome 4 maintains a pericentromere-like interaction profile and interactome despite its euchromatic surrounding.

Conclusion
Despite the extreme condensation that is necessary to pack the chromosomes into the nucleus, the Arabidopsis genome appears to be packed in a predictive manner, according to the following criteria: heterochromatin and euchromatin represent two distinct interactomes; interactions between chromosomes correlate with the linear position on the chromosome arm; and distal chromosome regions have a higher potential to interact with other chromosomes.
Should Sellers Prefer Auctions? A Laboratory Comparison of Auctions and Sequential Mechanisms
Authors: Davis Andrew M. , Katok Elena , Kwasnica Anthony M. 
Published: November 2013

When bidders incur a cost to learn their valuations, bidder entry can impact auction performance. Two common selling mechanisms in this environment are an English auction and a sequential bidding process. Theoretically, sellers should prefer the auction, because it generates higher expected revenues, whereas bidders should prefer the sequential mechanism, because it generates higher expected bidder profits. We compare the two mechanisms in a controlled laboratory environment, varying the entry cost, and find that, contrary to the theoretical predictions, average seller revenues tend to be higher under the sequential mechanism, whereas average bidder profits are approximately the same. We identify three systematic behavioral deviations from the theoretical model: (1) in the auction, bidders do not enter 100% of the time; (2) in the sequential mechanism, bidders do not set preemptive bids according to the predicted threshold strategy; and (3) subsequent bidders tend to overenter in response to preemptive bids by first bidders. We develop a model of noisy bidder-entry costs that is consistent with these behaviors, and we show that our model organizes the experimental data well. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1800. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, behavioral economics.
Transferring diffractive optics from research to commercial applications: Part I – progress in the patent landscape
Authors: Brunner Robert 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In the last 20 years, diffractive optics experienced a strong research interest and was in the center of many development projects in applied optics. To offer a side view for optical engineers, here, we discuss selected, business-related aspects of the current status of the transfer process to bring diffractive optics into commercial products. The contribution is divided into two parts. Here, in part I, we focus on the patent landscape of diffractive optics with a closer look on the temporal development and the distribution over main players. As an important result, currently, new strong patent activities are observed especially in the context of imaging systems. In the second part, the business volumes of selected market segments are discussed.
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Flow of a Third-grade Fluid Through a Vertical Concentric Annulus
Authors: Zeb Muhammad , Islam Saeed , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Haroon Tahira 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper considers a theoretical study on steady incompressible flow of third grade fluid in helical screw rheometer (HSR) with zero flight angles (a vertical concentric annulus). The developed second order non linear coupled differential equations are solved by homotopy perturbation method. Expressions for torsional and longitudinal velocity components are derived. The effects of non-Newtonian parameter β on the velocity profiles are also presented through graphs. It is observed that the velocity profiles are strongly depending upon the Non-Newtonian parameter β.
Study on Dynamic Response of Visco-elastic Plate Under Transverse Periodic Load
Authors: Yan Xiaopeng , Zhang Nianmei , Yang Guitong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of simple supported rectangular thin plate subjected to transverse harmonic excitation is investigated in this paper. The compressive loads N1
and N2
is applied on edges of the plate. On assumption of small deformation, dynamic governing equation is derived. The constitutive relation of material obeys can be stood for an integral equation. By use of nonlinear Galerkin method, the partial differential governing equation is turned into integral-differential variation of the Duffing equation. The different kinds of behaviors are investigated making use of the classical tools of nonlinear dynamics, such as the phase portrait, the time-displacement history and Lyapunov exponent analysis. The results of analysis show that the values of N1
and N2
, character time of material have large influence on the dynamic response. When they satisfy some condition, chaotic motions may occur in the dynamic system.
Investigations of Evaluating Energy of Blast-induced Seismic Wave by Pressure in Elastic Zone
Authors: Chen Jian , Bai Chun-Hua , Zeng Yi-Xin , Wang Zhong-Qi , Li Jian-Ping 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
For an explosive source used in seismic exploration, evaluating its seismic wave energy caused by explosives exploding in the soil is an important issue. The direct method, calculating RMS (root mean square) amplitude of the seismic wave propagation in different time fields, is usually used to appraise this seismic wave energy. However, the result of calculating is not only comparatively imprecise, but also the analysis on the records of seismic wave is very complex and much labor-consuming. Even so an easier and more economical way for evaluating the energy of blast-induced seismic wave is needed. In this paper, a potential pressure measuring method in the elastic zone was proposed. The experimental results showed that under the same geological condition and the same experiment condition, the characteristic of pressure wave in the elastic zone was applicable to evaluate the energy of blast-induced seismic wave.
The Expansion Model of Debris Cloud Induced by Oblique Hypervelocity Impact
Authors: Zhang Qing-Ming , Chen Y. H. , Huang F. L. , Gong Z. Z. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
For describing the dynamic evolution of debris cloud formed in oblique hypervelocity impact, a model (expressed in polar coordinates) for the shape, the velocity distribution and the mass distribution is developed according to the results of experiments and numerical simulation, and parameters of the Model are identified by nonlinear integral equations which are derived from mass conservation law and energy conservation law. Afterwards, the model has been verified by another simulation code.
Non-linear Mathematical Model for Peristaltic Motion of Bio-fluids in a Channel and Tube
Authors: Sankar D. S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The peristaltic transport of Casson fluid in a channel and also in an inclined tube is analyzed mathematically, using long wavelength approximation and low Reynolds number assumption. The expressions for the velocity, stream function, flow rate, pressure rise and frictional force at the wall are obtained. It is found that the pressure rise decreases with the increase of the time mean flow rate and angle of inclination and increases with the increase of stress ratio and amplitude ratio. It is also noticed that the frictional force increases with the increase of the stress ratio and decreases with the increase of the angle of inclination. The estimates of the increase in the pressure rise are higher in channel flow compared to that of the inclined tube flow and the estimates of the increase in the frictional force are higher in inclined tube flow compared to that of the channel flow.
Équivalents de traduction pour les pragmatèmes dans la lexicographie bilingue Français-Espagnol
Authors: Blanco Xavier 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This contribution presents a framework for a systematic description of pragmatemes. Pragmatemes are compositional phrasemes restricted in its signified and its signifier by the extralinguistic situation in which they are used, that is, by pragmatic factors. This kind of phraseological units have not attracted much attention in lexicography or metalexicography. We offer a complete metalinguistic apparatus to deal with these sequences in bilingual lexicography, through a dozen categories of microstructure. Our work is based in French-Spanish bilingual lexicography. Numerous examples are provided in both languages.
The Theory and Practice of Specialised Online Dictionaries for Translation
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper discusses the role dictionaries play in a translation situation within the tenets of the Function Theory of Lexicography (Bergenholtz/Tarp, 2002, 2003, 2004; Tarp 2008; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014). It comments on the lexicographic data needed for assisting translators of specialised texts, proposes a list of recommendations for constructing high quality translation dictionaries and illustrates these views by referring to the Accounting Dictionaries, a series of interconnected Danish, English, Spanish, Danish-English, English-Danish, Spanish-English and English-Spanish dictionaries that provide assistance to the envisaged user group in a number of specified situations, e.g. L1-L2 and L2-L1 translation (Fuertes-Olivera/ Nielsen, 2012). These dictionaries are subject to a continuous process of adaptation in order to cope with theoretical modifications and technological breakthroughs, e.g. the challenges the Internet poses for making dictionaries (Fuertes-Olivera, 2013a; Fuertes-Olivera/Bergenholtz, 2011 [2013]; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014; Tarp, 2012). For instance, since 2011 users can access several usage specific dictionaries, e.g. the Diccionario Inglés-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción and the Diccionario Inglés-
Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción de Frases y Expresiones. These are Model T. Ford dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries whose articles and the visualized lexicographical data are adapted to the various functions displayed by the dictionary, frequently assisted by different types of interactive options where the users may define themselves and the activity for which they need information (Tarp, 2011 [2013]).
Gedruckte Gebrauchsgegenstände mit lexikographischen Formeigenschaften
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As an introduction the typological position of printed utility tools with formal properties of a lexicographic nature (hereafter abbreviated as GlexFE) is determined within a typology of utility tools. This follows an extensional and intensional definition of GlexFE. Using examples a number of concepts are then informally introduced and it is shown that why and when the action-theoretically based theory of dictionary use can also be employed for a theory-based description of the use of GlexFE. The central part of this paper gives a detailed and critical examination of a regional telephone directory with special reference to its text compound constituents, its arrangement structures, its cross-reference culture, its telephone directory functions and its textual architecture. It is shown that the theory of dictionary structures allows detailed examinations and that it is so robust that it functions well and renders informative results without changing its basic concepts when expanding its application domain to include GlexFE. The analysis clearly shows that the compilation of a good telephone directory also needs lexicographic-theoretical knowledge.
Nietzsche on Suicide
Authors: Stellino Paolo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNietzsche’s view of suicide is a topic which in the last years has been the focus of works such as Julian Young’s and Paul S. Loeb’s. Within this context, this paper seeks to add new elements to the discussion. To this purpose, Nietzsche’s attitude to suicide will be explored from two different points of view. The first part of the paper focuses on the distinction between voluntary (free) and involuntary (natural) death. Nietzsche’s appraisal of both will be scrutinized. In particular, through the comparison with the Classical and, especially, Stoic philosophy and through the critique of the religious (particularly Christian) conception of death, it will be shown, among other things, that Nietzsche defends the rationality of suicide, presents a view of voluntary death as
Nietzschean Linguistics
Authors: Zavatta Benedetta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe paper shows that Nietzsche’s theory of tropes as patterns of association of mental representations, which permeate everyday thinking and speaking, is deeply rooted in the tradition of German semasiology (semantics). Nietzsche was able to recast in a coherent paradigm the various suggestions to be found in the work of linguists and philologists of his time. Furthermore, thanks to his wide-ranging and idiosyncratic readings, his work benefited from the most striking research results in the fields of experimental psychology, biology and physiology, the result being a most original and modern theory. That is why it may be interesting and fruitful to compare his philosophy of language and, specifically, his theory of tropes, with the recent results of Cognitive Linguistics.
Friedrich Nietzsche und seine Krankheiten: kein ausreichender Anhalt für MELAS
Authors: Klopstock Thomas 
Published: November 2013

ZusammenfassungDer vorherrschenden Lehrmeinung, dass Friedrich Nietzsche zumindest in seinen späten Jahren unter einer Neurosyphilis litt, wurde vor kurzem die Theorie entgegengesetzt, dass es sich um ein MELAS-Syndrom, eine seltene mitochondriale Erkrankung, gehandelt haben könnte. Der vorliegende Beitrag hält dies für eher unwahrscheinlich, da zwar ein Teil von Nietzsches Symptomen mit MELAS vereinbar ist, jedoch zu unspezifisch, um darauf eine konkrete Diagnose zu gründen. Aus naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht erscheinen weitere Spekulationen über die,wahre Ursache von Nietzsches Krankheiten müßig, solange diese nicht z. B. mittels genetischer Untersuchungen bestätigt oder verworfen werden können.
Chronicles in Preservation: Preserving Digital News and Newspapers
Authors: Krabbenhoeft Nick , Skinner Katherine , Schultz Matt , Zarndt Frederick 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSince the mid-1990s, libraries and archives have been digitizing newspapers for preservation and access. The standards used for this work have evolved significantly. Today’s collections employ digitization, metadata extraction and standards, and file formats that are different from those used for early collections. Increasingly, libraries and archives also include borndigital material. Given the importance of newspapers as primary documents of history, libraries and archives must preserve their digitized and born-digital collections carefully. The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)1 has funded the Chronicles in Preservation project to study the preservation readiness of digital newspaper collections. Led by the Educopia Institute (www.educopia.org), the project has brought together seven academic libraries in the U.S. and three distributed digital preservation (DDP) systems-MetaArchive, Chronopolis, and the University of North Texas’s Coda repository. These partners are accomplishing a range of activities. First, they investigated community standards, specifications, and practices for digital newspaper collections and distilled this information into a set of Guidelines for Digital Newspaper Preservation Readiness. Second, they exported collections from libraries and ingested them into the DDP systems, documenting these test exchanges in a Comparative Anaysis of Distributed Digital Frameworks. Finally, the project is augmenting a set of existing digital preservation tools to simplify the packaging and exchange of digital newspaper collections. This paper provides a walkthrough of the structure and contents of the Guidelines for Preservation Readiness of Digital Newspapers, shares the evaluative metrics for the Comparative Analysis of Distributed Digital Preservation Frameworks, and discusses the implementations of the interoperability tools.
Digital Watermarks and Palimpsest Steganography in Special Collections
Authors: Scott Jack 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLibraries today face the same challenges that they always have faced, but with the additional dimension that the world of computers engenders. Policies and practices have been developed for deterring theft and for recovering stolen library materials in the analog world, but we are in an incunabula period for doing the same for digital documents-images and pictorial and sound materials. One means of protection for both kinds of materials is marking them indelibly. This can be done in a variety of ways for physical materials, but there is a new world of electronic marking that is in its infancy. This practice, called Steganography, creates digital watermarks that can be hidden, but they may also be detected and erased. This essay discusses attempts to create digital watermarks that resist tampering with.
The Motor Development and Motor Skill Levels of 6-Year-Old Children from the Lublin Voivodeship
Authors: Cieśla Elżbieta 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Introduction. The objective of the research was to assess the level of physical development and motor skills of six-yearold children from the Lublin voivodeship against the Polish population. Material and methods. The study included 2144 children, 997 girls and 1134 boys. To assess the level of physical fitness, selected, exercises from the EUROFIT test were used. In addition, children's ability to demonstrate simple motor skills during physical play and games was also assessed. The assessment involved: throwing a bag with the right hand, throwing a ball with both hands, gripping a bag with the right hand, kicking a ball with the right foot, jumping on the right leg and jumping with both feet. In addition, coordination during the exercises was evaluated. For measurement purposes, a four-point scale was used. The reference point was children from a nationwide sample. The results were statistically analyzed using the Student T-test and the nonparametric chi-square test. Results. Children from the Lublin region differ significantly in their level of physical fitness from children of the same age throughout Poland (p≤0.001). They achieved significantly lower results in tests assessing the strength of their arms, abdominal muscles and, the explosive strength of their lower limbs and in two tests evaluating speed (running speed: p≤0.001, hand movement speed: p≤0.001). Only in the test of their sense of balance, did both sexes, obtain significantly better results (p≤0.001). In addition, in the opinion of physical education teachers, children in the Lublin region exhibited significantly lower levels of skill when performing motor tasks. Conclusions. The results suggest that the motor potential of preschool children is being neglected, which seems to be indirectly caused by different factors in the external environment.
An Assessment of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements by Players of Selected Sports
Authors: Kozirok Witold , Babicz-Zielińska Ewa , Krzebietke Bartłomiej 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Introduction. Increasing interest in dietary supplements designed for athletes is accompanied by an increase in the number of commercial vendors offering a broad range of dietary supplements. It is also followed by phenomenon of wide availability and as a consequence universality of application of this group of preparations. The goal of this research project was to assess the use of dietary supplements by players of selected sports with consideration given to sex, age, education, level of physical activity and training experience. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method with the aid of a survey written by the authors themselves. The study population consisted of 216 athletes (100 powerlifters and 116 volleyball players) ages 16÷30. Statistical analysis of empirical material was conducted on the χ2 basis of an test (p≤0.05 or higher). Results. A clear majority of subjects claimed to be convinced that diet and dietary supplementation exerted an important influence on their athletic performance. Despite giving their own diet a favorable assessment, more than 95% of respondents reported having difficulty following the diet, while simultaneously reporting the causes of this difficulty. The subjects rated their knowledge of how diet and supplementation enhance athletic performance as either average or very good. Their primary sources of knowledge on this subject were: the Internet, periodicals and promotional materials. The role of trainers, dieticians and physiologists was relatively insignificant. Around 64% of subjects reported general use of dietary supplements, while 72.7% claimed dietary supplementation to have a positive influence on their fitness and efficiency. The popularity of supplement use depended on the character of the athletic discipline. The most frequently used supplements were, in order of popularity: vitamin and mineral preparations, creatine, carbohydrate and protein supplements, BCAA and caffeine. The subjects were convinced that supplements for athletes, despite the various contraindications concerning their use and the presence of substances banned in certain sports, are not harmful to their health. Conclusion. Use of dietary supplements by athletes is universal and depends on the type of sport played.
Chronic fatigue syndrome in 57-year-old woman
Authors: Bitner Anna , Zalewski Paweł , Klawe Jacek , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Newton Julia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue lasting for more than 6 months and accompanied by flulike symptoms. It most commonly affects women aged between 30 and 60 years. To date, clear diagnostic criteria allowing for unambiguous diagno-sis of CFS have not been established. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with chronic fatigue syndrome in order to showcase the symptoms of this condition and propose a diagnos-tic protocol.