bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of short‐ and long‐term complications and survival following jejunojejunostomy, jejunoileostomy and jejunocaecostomy in 112 horses: 2005–2010
Authors: Stewart S. , Southwood L. L. , Aceto H. W. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyThere is disagreement among surgeons over whether jejunoileostomy (JI) or jejunocaecostomy (JC) is the better method of anastomosis following proximal ileal resection.ObjectiveTo compare short‐ and long‐term complications and outcome in horses undergoing jejunojejunostomy (JJ), JI and JC and to test the hypotheses that a higher proportion of horses undergoing JI would have short‐term complications and mortality compared with horses undergoing JC or JJ and that JC would be associated with a higher long‐term mortality and occurrence of colic.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsMedical records of horses undergoing celiotomy for a small intestinal obstruction and JJ, JI or JC from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed. Post operative complications were recorded. Short‐term outcome was alive vs. dead at hospital discharge and was analysed using a Chi‐squared test. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained and a Kaplan–Meier estimate of the survivor function was performed.ResultsThere were 112 horses included. A higher proportion of JI horses had a repeat celiotomy during hospitalisation compared with horses undergoing JC. The number of horses alive at hospital discharge was not different between groups: JJ 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68–90%), JI 78% (95% CI 61–96%), JC 83% (95% CI 71–96%). Among horses discharged with long‐term follow‐up, more horses had colic after JC compared with JJ or JI. Long‐term post discharge survival based on the Kaplan–Meier survivor function was lower for horses undergoing JC than JJ or JI (P = 0.04).ConclusionWhile there was no difference in short‐term outcome between groups, more horses with JI underwent a repeat celiotomy during hospitalisation. Horses with a JC were more likely to have long‐term complications with colic. Horses that were subjected to euthanasia because of colic within 12 months of hospital discharge either had a JC or repeat celiotomy. The results suggest that, when possible, a JI may be the preferred method of anastomosis based on more favourable survival and lower occurrence of colic long term.
Energy allocation patterns in a multiple spawning sunfish: evidence for an income‐based reproductive strategy
Authors: Beuchel J. S. , Marschall E. A. , Aday D. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTiming of reproduction is an important life‐history trait that varies among species as a function of energy allocation strategy, particularly as individuals are influenced by seasonal variations prior to and during the reproductive season. This study investigated size‐ and sex‐based seasonal patterns of energy allocation in bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque), a species that spawns repeatedly throughout the summer, by quantifying gonad, liver and mesenteric fat masses. Results indicate that bluegill delay production of gonad tissue until the onset of the spawning season and use an ‘income spawning’ approach. Comparisons of energetic trends with crappies, Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque) and P. nigromaculatus (Lesueur), a confamilial species of relatively similar size and morphology that spawns in the spring, highlight the flexibility of energy allocation patterns even among relatively similar fishes and shed light on bluegill life‐history strategies.
Long‐term and contemporary environmental conditions as determinants of the species composition of bog organisms
Authors: Jiroušek Martin , Poulíčková Aloisie , Kintrová Kateřina , Opravilová Věra , Hájková Petra , Rybníček Kamil , Kočí Martin , Bergová Klára , Hnilica Radek , Mikulášková Eva , Králová Štěpánka , Hájek Michal 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Environmental change alters ecosystem processes, minding biogeochemical cycles. These changes are accompanied by shifts in species composition. We predicted that long‐term averages of environmental variables would explain more of the variability in species composition than short‐term assessments, but that this difference would be weaker for short‐lived organisms. We further predicted that short‐lived organisms with rapid dispersal would reflect recent environmental change.

In 51 plots of ombrotrophic summit bogs in two mountain ranges of Central Europe, we sampled the contemporary species composition of vascular plants, bryophytes, diatoms and testate amoebae. In the same plots, water chemistry (pH, conductivity, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn, humic acids, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, sulphates and chlorides) and water level were monitored three times per year for 15 years. We tested species–environmental relationships using Mantel tests and canonical correspondence analyses with Monte Carlo permutation tests for overall, within‐bog and between‐bog effects.

The species composition of all four taxa changed along a natural gradient of water level. Diatoms and testate amoebae also changed along a pH/calcium gradient, which has appeared recently in one of the study regions because of aerial liming of forests. Only diatoms reflected variations in humic acid concentration. Spot measurements of environmental factors were sufficient to describe the general pattern while significant effects of phosphates for diatoms and bryophytes, nitrites for vascular plants, potassium for vascular plants and testate amoebae, sodium for all groups except diatoms and sulphates for bryophytes and testate amoebae were evident only by using medium‐ or long‐term averages.

Although only long‐term averages of some environmental variables were sufficient to explain species compositions, major patterns were revealed by single (spot) samples. The explanatory power of long‐ and short‐term environmental conditions did not differ substantially between micro‐ and macroorganisms, although short‐lived and well‐dispersed microorganisms reflected the new pH/calcium gradient.
Prevalent inhibitors in haemophilia B subjects enrolled in the Universal Data Collection database
Authors: Puetz J. , Soucie J. M. , Kempton C. L. , Monahan P. E. ,   Hemophilia Treatment Center Network (HTCN) Investigators
Published: July 2013

SummarySeveral risk factors for inhibitors have recently been described for haemophilia A. It has been assumed that similar risk factors are also relevant for haemophilia B, but there is limited data to confirm this notion. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with inhibitors in haemophilia B. The database of the Universal Data Collection (UDC) project of the Centers for Disease Control for the years 1998–2011 was queried to determine the prevalence of inhibitors in haemophilia B subjects. In addition, disease severity, race/ethnicity, age, factor exposure and prophylaxis usage were evaluated to determine their impact on inhibitor prevalence. Of the 3785 male subjects with haemophilia B enrolled in the UDC database, 75 (2%) were determined to have an inhibitor at some point during the study period. Severe disease (OR 13.1, 95% CI 6.2–27.7), black race (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1), and age <11 years (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.0) were found to be significantly associated with having an inhibitor. There was insufficient data to determine if type of factor used and prophylaxis were associated with inhibitors. Inhibitors in haemophilia B are much less prevalent than haemophilia A, especially in patients with mild disease. Similar factors associated with inhibitors in haemophilia A also seem to be present for haemophilia B. The information collected by this large surveillance project did not permit evaluation of potential risk factors related to treatment approaches and exposures, and additional studies will be required.
Comparison of preparation of curved root canals with Hyflex CM and Revo‐S rotary nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Bürklein S. , Börjes L. , Schäfer E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the shaping ability of three different nickel–titanium rotary instruments during the preparation of curved root canals in extracted teeth.MethodologyA total of 60 root canals with curvatures ranging between 25° and 35° were divided into three groups of 20 canals. Based on radiographs taken prior to instrumentation, the groups were balanced with respect to the angle and the radius of canal curvature. Canals were prepared to a final apical size of 35 using Mtwo, Hyflex CM, and Revo‐S. Using pre‐ and post‐instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Preparation time, changes of working length and instrument failures were also recorded. These data were analysed statistically using anova and Student–Newman–Keuls test.ResultsDuring preparation, no file fractured. Mtwo and Hyflex CM maintained the original canal curvature significantly better than Revo‐S (P < 0.05). Instrumentation with Mtwo and Hyflex CM was significantly faster than with Revo‐S and resulted in less loss of working length (P < 0.05), whilst no significant differences were obtained between Mtwo and Hyflex CM (P > 0.05).ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study, Mtwo and Hyflex CM respected the original canal curvature well and were safe to use. The use of Revo‐S instruments required more time to prepare the curved canals and resulted in more pronounced canal straightening compared with Mtwo and Hyflex CM.
Management of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia with life‐threatening complications under negative pressure wound therapy and isolation of Helcococcus kunzii
Authors: Stanger Katrin M , Albert Frauke , Kneser Ulrich , Bogdan Christian , Horch Raymund E 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report the case of an 86‐year‐old man with severe wound infection originating from a chronic crural ulcer of the lower limb, which under negative pressure wound therapy led to excessive tissue necrosis and perforation of the anterior tibial artery. A swab taken 10 and 7 days preoperatively was positive for Helcococcus kunzii. H. kunzii has been described as a potentially pathogenic organism. The questions whether the negative pressure wound therapy itself caused the bleeding or the negative pressure wound therapy, which generates an anaerobic atmosphere, has triggered the growth and invasion of the facultative anaerobic bacterium H. kunzii and owing to the infection the artery perforated or whether the bacteria has no influence at all remain currently unanswered. After surgical debridement the signs of infection were completely eliminated, and a free musculocutaneous flap led to rapid healing of the wound. Following which H. kunzii was no longer detectable.
The Southwestern Indian Ocean as a potential marine evolutionary hotspot: perspectives from comparative phylogeography of reef brittle‐stars
Authors: Hoareau Thierry B. , Boissin Emilie , Paulay Gustav , Bruggemann J. Henrich 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe global biodiversity crisis requires the identification of regions with high evolutionary potential, i.e. evolutionary hotspots (evospots). We created an analytical framework based on comparative phylogeography and coalescent methods to assess the dynamics of diversification and population persistence in the reef ecosystem of a little‐studied region: the Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO).LocationCoral reefs of the SWIO, with comparative data from the Pacific Ocean.MethodsWe generated sequences of mitochondrial DNA (COI and 16S) for 10 widespread brittle‐stars (345 specimens) from 21 localities (8 in the SWIO). We analysed them by combining comparative phylogeography approaches, coalescent‐based methods, molecular clocks and the concept of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) to draw conclusions about the drivers of biodiversity in the region.ResultsCryptic diversity was prevalent, increasing lineage diversity within the 10 nominal species by 70% within the SWIO and by 200% across the Indo‐West Pacific. All seven new SWIO lineages meet the criteria for ESUs and at least six are biological species. We detected likely intraregional diversifications dating to the Plio‐Pleistocene, supporting the SWIO as a generator of biodiversity. Geographical restriction of ESUs, long coalescent times (> 80 ka) and old in situ diversification (> 1 Ma) point to the persistence of populations over multiple glacio‐eustatic cycles. We provide data suggesting demographic expansion during sea‐level high stands. Regional connectivity was lower, and cryptic differentiation higher in lecithotrophs than in planktotrophs.Main conclusionsThe analytical framework based on a biodiversity survey makes it possible to identify evospots by assessing the potential of a region to maintain and generate biodiversity and by evaluating the evolutionary processes and potential drivers at play.
Determinants of Achieving Early Blood Pressure Control with Monotherapy in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Stewart Simon , Carrington Melinda J. , Swemmer Carla H. , Kurstjens Nicol P. , Brown Alex , Burrell Louise M. , Nelson Mark , Stocks Nigel P. , Jennings Garry L. ,   On behalf of the VIPER‐BP Study Investigators
Published: July 2013

This study sought to identify the determinants of early blood pressure (BP) control associated with monotherapy in hypertensive individuals being managed in the primary care setting. The Valsartan Intensified Primary Care Reduction of Blood Pressure (VIPER‐BP) study, was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of an intensive approach to BP management. During a standardized run‐in, 2185 participants commenced monotherapy (valsartan 80 mg/d) for 14 to 28 days. A total of 1978 participants aged 59±12 years (60% men) completed the run‐in phase. Of these, 15.1%, 43.5%, and 41.4% participants had an initial BP target of ≤125/75, 130/80, and 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. A total of 416 of 2185 participants (19.0%) subsequently achieved their individual BP target during run‐in with a mean BP change of −22.6±12.1/−12.9±8.2 mm Hg vs −4.2±16.2/−3.0±9.6 mm Hg for the rest (P<.001). These early responders were more likely to be women (adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.80), had lower BP at baseline, were less likely to have been treated previously (or for less time), and had a less stringent BP target. An initial period of monotherapy achieved BP control in a high proportion of hypertensive individuals with key groups (including women and de novo cases) more likely to show an early BP response.
Validation of a Cumulative Hypersensitivity Index (CHI) for dentine hypersensitivity severity
Authors: Olley Ryan C. , Wilson Ron , Moazzez Rebecca , Bartlett David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThis study developed the Schiff Index into a Cumulative Hypersensitivity Index (CHI) to measure dentine hypersensitivity (DH) severity per subject. It validates this score by investigating if it compares to one comprising a percentage score from all tooth surfaces and as a highest score per subject.Materials and methodsOverall, 350 subjects were recruited from hospital and general practice in south‐east England. Buccal, occlusal and oral Schiff Index scores were collected and percentages calculated based on scores 1, 1 and above, 2 and above and 3. CHI scores and highest Schiff Index scores were also recorded per subject. Spearman correlation coefficients (p‐values) assessed the relationship between CHI scores, Schiff Index percentages and Schiff Index highest per subject.ResultsIn subjects with a Schiff Index score of 1 or more on at least one tooth surface (indicating DH was present), correlation of the CHI score to the Schiff Index percentage score was 0.982 (p < 0.001). Correlation of the sextant score to the highest Schiff Index score per subject was 0.963, (p < 0.001). DH was more likely on tooth surfaces with gingival recession (p < 0.001) and without bleeding on probing (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study has validated a novel CHI score to indicate DH severity per subject and may help guide clinical management.
Association between diabetes or antidiabetic therapy and lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhida , Bao Cuiping , Su Cheng , Xu Weili , Luo Hongbin , Chen Liming , Qi Xiuying 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes can increase the risk of cancers at several sites, but the association between diabetes and lung cancer remains unclear. We aimed to provide the quantitative estimates for the association between diabetes or antidiabetic treatment and lung cancer risk in the present meta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsCohort studies were identified by searching the PubMed database (January 1960 through October 2012) and manually assessing the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study‐specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random‐effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsA total of 19 cohort studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Of these, 14 studies focused on the association between diabetes and lung cancer incidence, and seven studies focused on the association between antidiabetic treatment and lung cancer incidence. Compared with non‐diabetic individuals, diabetic patients do not have an increased risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.87–1.24). The association between diabetes and lung cancer remained not statistically significant in subgroup analysis stratified by study characteristics, study quality, diabetes ascertainment or important confounders. A null association between insulin or biguanides therapy and lung cancer risk was found. However, the diabetic patients receiving thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment had a 20% reduced risk of lung cancer than those without TZD treatment.ConclusionsNo association between diabetes and lung cancer risk was found. However, TZD treatment might reduce lung cancer risk in diabetic patients.
Toll‐like receptors in alcoholic liver disease, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and carcinogenesis
Authors: Roh Yoon Seok , Seki Ekihiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicActivation of innate immune systems including Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key in chronic liver disease. Recent studies suggest that gut microflora‐derived bacterial products (i.e. lipopolysaccharide [LPS], bacterial DNA) and endogenous substances (i.e. high‐mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1], free fatty acids) released from damaged cells activate hepatic TLRs that contribute to the development of alcoholic (ASH) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. The crucial role of TLR4, a receptor for LPS, has been implicated in the development of ASH, NASH, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of other TLRs, such as TLR2 and TLR9 in chronic liver disease remains less clear. In this review, we will discuss the role of TLR2, 4, and 9 in Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in the development of ASH, NASH, and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Forkhead box class O transcription factors in liver function and disease
Authors: Tikhanovich Irina , Cox Josiah , Weinman Steven A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicThe forkhead box transcription factor class O (FOXO) family represents a group of transcription factors that is required for a number of stress‐related transcriptional programs including antioxidant response, gluconeogenesis, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and autophagy. The liver utilizes several FOXO‐dependent pathways to adapt to its routine cycles of feeding and fasting and to respond to the stresses induced by disease. FOXO1 is a direct transcriptional regulator of gluconeogenesis, reciprocally regulated by insulin, and has profound effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. FOXO3 is required for antioxidant responses and autophagy and is altered in hepatitis C infection and fatty liver. Emerging evidence suggests dysregulation of FOXO3 in some hepatocellular carcinomas. FOXOs are notable for the extensive number of functionally significant posttranslational modifications that they undergo. Recent advances in our understanding how FOXOs are regulated are providing a more detailed picture of how specific combinations of posttranslational modifications alter both nuclear translocation as well as transcriptional specificity under different conditions. This review summarizes emerging knowledge of FOXO function in the liver, FOXO changes in liver disease, and the posttranslational modifications responsible for these effects.
Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis, management, and novel targets for therapy
Authors: Orman Eric S , Odena Gemma , Bataller Ramon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicAlcohol use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, with much of its negative impact as the result of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms underlying the development of these different disease stages are incompletely understood. Standard treatment of ALD, which includes abstinence, nutritional support, and corticosteroids, has not changed in the last 40 years despite continued poor outcomes. Novel therapies are therefore urgently needed. The development of such therapies has been hindered by inadequate resources for research and unsuitable animal models. However, recent developments in translational research have allowed for identification of new potential targets for therapy. These targets include: (i) CXC chemokines, (ii) IL‐22/STAT3, (iii) TNF receptor superfamily, (iv) osteopontin, (v) gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (vi) endocannabinoids, and (vii) inflammasomes. We review the natural history, risk factors, pathogenesis, and current treatments for ALD. We further discuss the findings of recent translational studies and potential therapeutic targets.
Retinoids and their target genes in liver functions and diseases
Authors: Shiota Goshi , Kanki Keita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractgraphicRetinoids have been reported to prevent several kinds of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Retinoic acid (RA) coupled with retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimer exerts its functions by regulating its target genes. We previously reported that transgenic mice, in which RA signaling is suppressed in a hepatocyte‐specific manner, developed liver cancer at a high rate, and that disruption of RA functions led to the increased oxidative stress via aberrant metabolisms of lipid and iron, indicating that retinoids play an important role in liver pathophysiology. These data suggest that exploring the metabolism of retinoids in liver diseases and their target genes provides us with useful information to understand the liver functions and diseases. Consequently, the altered metabolism of retinoids was observed in liver diseases, including non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of retinoids in the liver, highlight the functions of retinoids in HCC, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease, and discuss the target genes of RA. Investigation of retinoids in the liver will likely help us identify novel therapies and diagnostic modalities for HCC.