bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contest Theory and its Applications in Sports
Authors: Dietl Helmut , Franck Egon , Grossmann Martin , Lang Markus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article describes how the theory of contests is applied to professional team sports leagues. It presents the traditional Tullock contest and explains some basic properties of the equilibrium. It then addresses the applications of contest theory in sports. It shows how the assumption of flexible vs. fixed talent supply depends on the league under consideration and how it influences the equilibria. The relationship between competitive balance and social welfare is considered. Finally, it illustrates why many clubs tend to “overinvest” in playing talent in many team sports leagues. It is noted that an exclusive focus on competitive balance may result in inefficient policy conclusions. Due to the contest structure, team sports leagues carry the risk of over-investing in playing talent. The contest theory is a suitable instrument to analyze team sports leagues from a theoretical point of view.
Expanding the Formal Category of Impulse Control Disorders
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Odlaug Brian L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn addition to the formal impulse control disorders (ICDs), high rates of trait impulsiveness, sensation seeking, and dissociative qualities have been noted in several other disorders that share similar phenomenological, clinical, and possibly biological characteristics. These proposed disorders include pathological skin picking, compulsive buying, problematic Internet use, and compulsive sexual behavior. Elevated rates of co-occurring ICDs within both the formal and proposed ICDs suggest that at least some of the proposed ICDs may share a common pathophysiology with some of the formal ICDs. Although research has only recently begun to explore pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for the ICDs, studies have shown a similar response between the formal and the proposed ICDs. Future development in understanding the relationship between these disorders will help to refine views of the psychopathology and taxonomy of these conditions.
Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Kleptomania
Authors: Shoenfeld Netta , Dannon Pinhas N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStealing behaviors have been reported since the eighteenth century. However, only in 1952 was the phenomenon included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. While shoplifting and kleptomania share the same behavior, the motives behind each behavior differ significantly. Kleptomania is characterized as an incontrollable urge to steal, accompanied by mounting stress before committing the theft, followed by relief, guilt, and shame. Kleptomania seems to be a more female-dominant disorder, and the exact causes remain unknown. The explanations are broad, stretching from stressful childhood and low self-esteem to head trauma. It seems to be chronic, with exacerbations and remissions. Treatments vary from psychological approaches suggesting psychotherapy to pharmacological interventions with various medications. A combination of the two had been found to be the best treatment strategy. With the right diagnosis and treatment, there is hope for bettering the quality of life of people suffering from kleptomania.
Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Phenomenology and Epidemiology
Authors: Schreiber Liana R. N. , Odlaug Brian L. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCompulsive sexual behavior (CSB), a relatively common disorder, is characterized by having sexually related thoughts, urges, and behaviors that cause significant psychosocial distress and functional impairment. This chapter describes the phenomenology and etiology of CSB. Gender, age, and ethnic/cultural influences on CSB are discussed, as well as comorbidity issues and the relationship between CSB and Parkinson’s disease. Addiction and obsessive-compulsive spectrum theoretical models of CSB are also summarized. Finally, the chapter provides future directions for clinicians and research to pursue.
Development of Impulse Control, Inhibition, and Self-Regulatory Behaviors in Normative Populations across the Lifespan
Authors: Hammond Christopher J. , Potenza Marc N. , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractImpulsivity represents a complex multidimensional construct that may change across the lifespan and is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder, and traumatic brain injury. Multiple psychological theories have considered impulsivity and the development of impulse control, inhibition, and self-regulatory behaviors during childhood. Some psychoanalytic theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulatory behaviors as developing ego functions emerging in the context of id-based impulses and inhibitory pressures from the superego. Object relationists added to this framework but placed more emphasis on mother–child dyadic relationships and the process of separation and individuation within the infant. Cognitive and developmental theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulation as a series of additive cognitive functions emerging at different temporal points during childhood and with an emphasis on attentional systems and the ability to inhibit a prepotent response. Commonalities exist across all of these developmental theories, and they all are consistent with the idea that the development of impulse control appears cumulative and emergent in early life, with the age range of 24–36 months being a formative period. Impulsivity is part of normal development in the healthy child, and emerging empirical data on normative populations (as measured by neuropsychological testing batteries, self-report measures, and behavioral observation) suggest that impulse control, self-regulation, and other impulsivity-related phenomena may follow different temporal trajectories, with impulsivity decreasing linearly over time and sensation seeking and reward responsiveness following an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the lifespan. These different trajectories coincide with developmental brain changes, including early maturation of subcortical regions in relation to the later maturation of the frontal lobes, and may underlie the frequent risk-taking behavior often observed during adolescence.
Assessment and Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Authors: McCloskey Michael S. , Berman Mitchell E. , Noblett Kurtis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntermittent explosive disorder (IED), a DSM-IV-TR disorder characterized by significant acts of aggression and violence, is being increasingly recognized as a prevalent and chronic disorder. Given the personal, social, and economic costs associated with IED, there is a clear need for well-validated assessment measures and efficacious treatments. However, there are currently no published, well-validated diagnostic measures of IED. With regard to treatment, preliminary evidence from a few randomized clinical trials suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral psychotherapy may be effective in treating IED. However, more research is needed before either can be considered an empirically supported treatment for IED. In this chapter, we discuss (1) challenges in developing reliable and valid assessments for IED and (2) issues relevant to developing and testing psychological and pharmacological treatment interventions for IED.
Impulsive/Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Coleman Eli 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is a growing recognition among clinicians that any type of sexual behavior can become pathologically impulsive or compulsive. There is quite a bit of debate about terminology for this condition, the diagnostic criteria, assessment methods and treatment approaches. In the absence of clear consensus, clinicians are struggling with how to help the many men and women who suffer and seek help from this type of problem. This chapter will review the author’s assessment and treatment approach. Clinicians will need to keep abreast of the literature as new research evolves and follow the continued debate around this controversial area.
Impulse Control Disorders and Older Adults
Authors: Hoff Rani A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractImpulse control disorders (ICDs) are not well studied in the elderly, as the development of ICDs tend to decrease with age. Although less prevalent than younger patients, older adults with ICDs—psychological gambling in particular—may have unique assessment and treatment challenges as a result of their age, elaborate social community, comorbid medical conditions, and attitudes about mental health treatment. This chapter discusses the phenomenology of excessive gambling and other ICDs in elders, unique risk factors for this older population, and some potential treatment options. The chapter concludes with some thoughts on the future directions for research in this field.
A Short History of Theory in Mesoamerican Archaeology
Authors: Gándara Manuel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article attempts to identify the most important theoretical positions in Mesoamerican archaeology, briefly commenting on occasion about some substantive theories. The first real theoretical position would be historical particularism, centered on the cognitive goal of description, and going from the late 1890s to the 1950s, the “foundational period,” followed by neoevolutionism and Marxism with their variants, championing some form of explanation, roughly from the late 1950s and onward, in the “theoretical self-awareness period,” and finally, in a “theoretical diversification” period, with postprocessual archaeologists pursuing hermeneutic Interpretation (from the 1980s onward), and the flourishing of “thematic archaeologies”.
Archaeology on Mesoamerica's Southern Frontier
Authors: McCafferty Geoffrey , Amador Fabio Esteban , González Silvia Salgado , Dennett Carrie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe southern frontier of Mesoamerica has fluctuated through time but has generally included portions of the Central American countries of El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Tied into this liminal status, the history of archaeological research and the development of archaeological institutions in these countries have varied, sometimes emphasizing “Mesoamerican-ness” and sometimes highlighting independent development. This article discusses the history of archaeological practice in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. It then presents a brief overview of the culture history of the region with particular emphasis on relations with Mesoamerican cultures.
Ideology, Polity, and Social History of the Teotihuacan State
Authors: Sugiyama Saburo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe development of early complex societies in the Central Mexican Highlands resulted in particular local traditions. The region twice served as the heartland for densely populated ancient cities—Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan—the populations of which are estimated to have been between 100,000–150,000 and 150,000–200,000 people, respectively. This article discusses the underlying local circumstances that favored the development of populous complex societies at an unprecedented scale in this region.
Archaeology of the Maya Highlands
Authors: Arroyo Bárbara 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Guatemala highlands is an area of contrasting climate, topography, and agricultural potential. High basins and fertile valleys are situated among a series of mountain ranges from the Pacific Coastal volcanic chains to the massive uplifts to the northeast, offering several advantages that facilitate human settlement. The Central Highlands are home to important natural routes, including the Motagua River, which drains into the Atlantic Ocean and separates a series of these mountain ranges crisscrossing Guatemala from east to west. To the north, tributaries of the Chixoy River irrigate the Central Highlands. This article focuses on the Central Highlands, and in particular on the primary site of Kaminaljuyú, which can be used as a proxy to understand better developments throughout the region.
Concepts of Collapse and Regeneration in Human History
Authors: Cowgill George L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the concepts of collapse and regeneration employed by Mesoamericanists. Much mischief is caused by ambiguities about what it is that is supposed to be collapsing or regenerating. Most often, what is at issue is either the fragmentation of a large polity or the termination of a major cultural tradition. Mesoamericanists have not always clearly distinguished the fragmentation of polities from the termination of major cultural traditions. In discussing collapses and regenerations in Mesoamerica, it seems best to focus on political alternations, although migrations, demographic changes, and alterations of ethnic identities must be also considered. Scholars can, and will discuss the fates of cultural traditions, but they should make themselves clear on the distinction between that and the histories of polities.
Teotihuacan and the Epiclassic in Central Mexico
Authors: Parsons Jeffrey R. , Sugiura Y. Yoko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe collapse of Teotihuacan as a major center in the seventh century ad was part of a widespread series of changes that occurred throughout Mesoamerica at that time. The nature and causes of these changes and of the polities and economies that developed in the subsequent centuries of the Epiclassic (ca. 600–900 ad) have been studied by many archaeologists working in central Mexico over the past four decades. This article discusses the highlights of these and other studies and offers an assessment of our current understandings.
Developmental Cycles in the Gulf Lowlands
Authors: Daneels Annick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article reviews the archaeological evidence of Classic and Postclassic Gulf Coast cultures, focusing on developments during the first and early second millennium ad. The Classic period civilizations seem to have risen progressively from a Preclassic background, a product of mainly isthmian interaction, but ceramics and lithics show a development up to some point parallel to the central plateau, a possible result of the highlands' interest in coastal resources and styles. The Gulf Coast way of life, as represented in settlement patterns and architecture is clearly a tropical lowland adaptation, with a dispersed population subsisting on a combination of agriculture, horticulture, forest husbandry, and extensive exploitation of sylvan and aquatic resources. In contrast, the Postclassic era witnesses major changes, as in most of Mesoamerica. The new cultures, while respecting the boundaries of the Classic period areas, appear to be the result of major foreign migrations.
Tula and the Toltecs
Authors: Healan Dan M. , Cobean Robert H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTula, Hidalgo, was one of several sites that rose to prominence during the Epiclassic period after the demise of Teotihuacan, and during the Early Postclassic period it was probably the largest and most influential center in central Mexico. For over a century various scholars have argued that Tula was the legendary Tollan (“place of reeds”), which, according to Aztec and other indigenous sources, was the capital of the Toltec civilization that dominated central Mexico prior to the arrival of the Aztecs. For this reason the site, its inhabitants, and its material culture are often referred to as Toltec, although there is evidence that “Tollan” and “Toltec” are pan-Mesoamerican concepts whose origins may go back at least as far as Teotihuacan, if not earlier. This article discusses the early history of Tula, Tula Grande and the Tollan Phase City, and Tula during the Aztec Period.
Ecological Approaches to Archaeological Research in Central Mexico
Authors: McClung de Tapia Emily 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEcological thinking applied to archaeological problems has evolved considerably over the past two decades. This article examines some of the perspectives that have developed in Mesoamerican archaeology and what the future may hold. Two significant developments have emerged in response to many of the difficulties associated with ecologically oriented research problems. One reflects a movement away from equilibrium models in ecology toward nonlinear dynamic models of systems and interactions among variables within the system. The other refers to the various ways in which this paradigm shift has played out in anthropology and archaeology. New approaches to the study of human-natural relations include the emphasis on complex adaptive systems within the framework of resilience theory and what has been called historical ecology, which also incorporates some of the fundamental concepts associated with dynamic systems in ecology. While neither of these perspectives has had a significant impact in Mesoamerican archaeology as yet, they provide useful tools for visualizing complex relationships in a historical perspective, based on local and regional developments.
Archaeology of Gender in Mesoamerican Societies
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article reviews studies on the archaeology of gender in Mesoamerica. Critical advances in the archaeology of gender in Mesoamerica include explorations of how status and age differences intersected with gender to affect the lives of men and women; increased understandings of how women in different societies and of different ranks were able to exercise power; and understandings of different experiences of sexuality. Sex cannot be treated as providing a natural basis on which cultural gender develops as a secondary phenomenon, because all cultural life, including the identification of biological sex, is experienced through patterns of thought, experience, and speech. Gender is thus better understood as a persistent way of acting as an embodied person, aware of socially sanctioned precedents for how to be a person with affective, sexual, and potentially reproductive relations.
Themes in the Art of the Preclassic Period
Authors: Pye Mary E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis brief article on Preclassic-period art considers some recurrent themes and discusses some new approaches and recent finds. Specifically, it discusses chronology and the transition from the Archaic to Preclassic Period, and Olmec art. The Preclassic period is perhaps the true “florescent” era, at least for Mesoamerican civilization as a whole, given the appearance, development, and coalescence of arguably all of its major components and features long before Classic Maya civilization. Olmec art has captured scholarly and popular attention since the first report of a colossal Olmec head by Melgar (in 1871) and has since become a hallmark of Preclassic art. Olmec-style monuments, ceramics, portable greenstone art, and figurines have been widely reported throughout Mexico, and scholars have been writing about them since the early twentieth century.
Art of the Classic Period
Authors: Koontz Rex 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Mesoamerican Classic period (ca. 250–900 ad) is characterized by the expansion of urban elite artistic cultures across the region. The basic characteristics of Classic-period elite art were first developed in the preceding Preclassic period. Essential Classic-period monument types such as the stela and the relief panel as well as fundamental urban architectural forms like the pyramid and plaza were all created in the Preclassic period. These and related forms were further developed with the expansion of Mesoamerican urbanism. This article discusses small-scale objects and prestige materials, Teotihuacan's art and architecture, Teotihuacan's place in Mesoamerica, image and text in eastern Mesoamerica and Oaxaca, and Late Classic innovations.
Nahua and Mixtec Pictorial Books
Authors: Diel Lori Boornazian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDuring the Late Postclassic period, Nahuas and Mixtecs kept pictorial books for multiple functions, with the two main genres being religion and history. The Spaniards must have understood the significance of these books for the native peoples because they had specifically targeted the royal archives and temples, burning the books that were housed inside. So successful were they that few pre-conquest manuscripts from western Mesoamerica survive. Those that do, along with many others that were created after the conquest, provide a wealth of information on indigenous religion and history, and they do so by using a pictorial system of writing, whose main strength was its interpretive openness.
The Modern Capitalist World Economy: A Historical Overview
Authors: Frieden Jeffry A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents a historical overview of the modern capitalist economy. Capitalist economic activities are of very long standing—some would say they were present in proliferation during Roman times. By the late medieval and early modern period, large areas of Western Europe had thriving, relatively free markets for labor and capital, both in the city and in the countryside. We can most fruitfully and confidently speak of the full flowering of modern capitalism once it became a truly international economic order. That epoch evolved over the course of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, as capitalism expanded from a limited Western European base to affect much of the world, from the Americas to East Asia.
The Dynamics of Capitalism
Authors: Scherer F. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article views capitalism as the set of economic relationships that emerged with the rise of the industrial or factory system during the eighteenth century. It focuses on production in privately owned, often capital-intensive facilities embodying ever more advanced technologies during and following the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution set in motion dynamic forces that will be the primary concern here. Most important among them are technological advances that propelled accelerated economic growth, changes in the structure of enterprise ownership and in the distribution of income among workers and owners, and a tendency toward more or less cyclical fluctuations in economic activity. These are the “dynamics” on which the article focuses.
Monopoly Capitalism
Authors: Cowling Keith , Tomlinson Philip R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes the nature of monopoly capitalism and traces its wider implications for the nature of the modern capitalist economy and the society that springs from this base. It adopts as its central proposition the not uncontroversial view that the essence of modern capitalism cannot be captured without an explicit recognition of its monopolistic or oligopolistic nature. The article is organized as follows. It begins by outlining the extent of monopoly capitalism in the modern economy. It then explores the theoretical implications of rising market concentration for market outcomes, in particular, with regard to price-cost margins, entry conditions, and profitability. Then it discusses the welfare implications of monopoly, and another section considers the distribution of surpluses. Finally, it discusses issues arising from transnational monopoly capitalism, particularly for development.
Agency Problems and the Fate of Capitalism
Authors: Morck Randall , Yeung Bernard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses agency problems and capitalism. It suggests that real social costs of agency problems lie deeper, in the inner workings of the economy. Inefficient resource allocation by firms costs money, as do the monitoring and control mechanisms that might limit those problems. Some level of agency costs is thus unavoidable. But both firms and economies can seek ways to reduce unavoidable agency costs.