bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple analytical solution to one‐dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils
Authors: Zhou Wan‐Huan , Zhao Lin‐Shuang , Li Xi‐Bin 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a simple analytical solution to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional (1‐D) consolidation theory for unsaturated soils. The coefficients of permeability and volume change for unsaturated soils are assumed to remain constant throughout the consolidation process. The mathematical expression of the present solution is much simpler compared with the previous available solutions in the literature. Two new variables are introduced to transform the two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved with standard mathematical formulas. It is shown that the present analytical solution can be degenerated into that of Terzaghi consolidation for fully saturated condition. The analytical solutions to 1‐D consolidation of an unsaturated soil subjected to instantaneous loading, ramp loading, and exponential loading, for different drainage conditions and initial pore pressure conditions, are summarized in tables for ease of use by practical engineers. In the case studies, the analytical results show good agreement with the available analytical solution in the literature. The consolidation behaviors of unsaturated soils are investigated. The average degree of consolidation at different loading patterns and drainage conditions is presented. The pore‐water pressure isochrones for two different drainage conditions and three initial pore pressure distributions are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional finite element analysis of gravitational and lateral‐driven deformation in sedimentary basins
Authors: Maghous S. , Brüch A. , Bernaud D. , Dormieux L. , Braun A. L. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe paper deals with the modeling of some aspects, such as the formulation of constitutive equations for sediment material or finite element approach for basin analysis, related to mechanical compaction in sedimentary basins. In addition to compaction due to gravity forces and pore‐pressure dissipation, particular emphasis is given to the study of deformation induced by tectonic sequences. The numerical model relies upon the implementation of a comprehensive constitutive model for the sediment material formulated within the framework of finite poroplasticity. The theoretical model accounts for both hydromechanical and elasticity–plasticity coupling due to the effects of irreversible large strains. From the numerical viewpoint, a finite element procedure specifically devised for dealing with sedimentary basins as open systems allows to simulate within a two‐dimensional setting the process of sediment accretion or erosion.Several basin simulations are presented. The main objective is to analyze the behavior of a sedimentary basin during the different phases of its life cycle: accretion phase, pore‐pressure dissipation phase and compressive/extensional tectonic motions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A branch‐price‐and‐cut algorithm for the min‐max k‐vehicle windy rural postman problem
Authors: Benavent Enrique , Corberán Ángel , Desaulniers Guy , Lessard François , Plana Isaac , Sanchis José M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe min‐max k‐vehicles windy rural postman problem consists of minimizing the maximal distance traveled by a vehicle to find a set of balanced routes that jointly service all the required edges in a windy graph. This is a very difficult problem, for which a branch‐and‐cut algorithm has already been proposed, providing good results when the number of vehicles is small. In this article, we present a branch‐price‐and‐cut method capable of obtaining optimal solutions for this problem when the number of vehicles is larger for the same set of required edges. Extensive computational results on instances from the literature are presented. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(1), 34–45 2014
High performance computing of discrete nonsmooth contact dynamics with domain decomposition
Authors: Visseq Vincent , Alart Pierre , Dureisseix David 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe investigate two algorithms for solving large‐scale granular problems using DD methods. These numerical schemes can be connected to classical DDs, with and without overlapping, developed in continuum mechanics. The two algorithms are compared in terms of implementation and parallel performance. We focus the numerical study on communication procedures between processors, load balancing, and scalability, topics particularly crucial in nonlinear evolutive problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prepregnancy body mass index and cardiovascular disease mortality: The child health and development studies
Authors: Mongraw‐Chaffin Morgana L. , Anderson Cheryl A.M. , Clark Jeanne M. , Bennett Wendy L. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOverweight early in life may contribute to cardiovascular disease mortality through progression to later life obesity or through a cumulative effect of excess weight. Few studies have investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) before middle age and cardiovascular disease mortality in women. Using the Child Health and Development Studies cohort of 11,006 pregnant women recruited between 1959 and 1967, the hypothesis that higher self‐reported prepregnancy BMI is associated with increased stroke and coronary heart disease mortality was tested.MethodsCause of death was assessed annually from enrollment through 2007 by linking with California Vital Status Records. Cox proportional hazards ratios for cause‐specific mortality for each BMI category were calculated.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 37 years with 1839 participant deaths at a mean age of 64.1 years. At higher levels of BMI, participants were older, had higher prevalence of co‐morbid conditions, higher parity, and lower family income. In adjusted models, women with higher prepregnancy BMI had increased coronary heart disease mortality compared to those with normal BMI. Women who were underweight, overweight, or obese had higher all‐cause mortality. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results.ConclusionsPrepregnancy BMI has a monotonic association with coronary heart disease mortality and a j‐shaped association with noncardiovascular mortality.
Successful treatment of an infant with CDA type II by intrauterine transfusions and postnatal stem cell transplantation
Authors: Braun M. , Wölfl M. , Wiegering V. , Winkler B. , Ertan K. , Bald R. , Schwarz K. , Heimpel H. , Eyrich M. , Schlegel P.G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCongenital dyserythropoietic anemias are rare hematological disorders leading to ineffective erythropoiesis with chronic anemia, complicated by iron overload. Here we present a remarkable clinical course of an infant with CDA type II who first presented as a severe fetal hydrops, requiring serial intrauterine red cell transfusions. While postnatal transfusion dependency persisted, the patient was successfully transplanted with a myeloablative conditioning regimen and peripheral blood stem cells of a matched donor. We believe that allogeneic HSCT is a reasonable therapeutic approach for patients with very severe CDA, even if only a matched unrelated donor is available. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:743–745. © 2013 The Authors. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extraction Yields and Anti‐oxidant Activity of Proanthocyanidins from Different Parts of Grape Pomace: Effect of Mechanical Treatments
Authors: de Sá M. , Justino V. , Spranger M. I. , Zhao Y. Q. , Han L. , Sun B. S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhite grape pomace is not subject to maceration, keeping nearly all polyphenols of grapes, so they represent important sources of bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins. Preparation of plant polyphenol extracts is usually performed using raw material powder. However, the fine particles make the further extraction procedure steps more difficult.ObjectiveTo study the effect of mechanical treatments on extraction yields and anti‐oxidant activity from different parts of white grape pomace.MethodsSkins, stems and seeds were isolated from the pomace of white winemaking process. Sequential solvent extraction of polyphenols, first using 80% methanol in water followed by 75% acetone in water, was carried out on both entire and milled (< 1 mm) grape solids; extraction on seed polyphenols was also performed in its squashed form. The phenolic content of each extract was verified by spectrometric and HPLC methods and its anti‐oxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl test.ResultsMore total polyphenols can be extracted from each milled tissue than from its entire form. Seeds present the highest total phenol, oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidin content, and similar extraction yield was found between milled and squashed tissues. The HPLC analysis showed no difference in extraction yield of low‐molecular‐weight proanthocyanidins between milled and entire stems. Anti‐oxidant activity showed a positive correlation with total phenol content, galloyled oligomers and polymeric proanthocyanidins.ConclusionThe use of entire stems and squashed seeds for solvent extraction of polyphenols makes manipulation simpler and more cost‐efficient, providing similar extraction yields to using their powdery forms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of exophytic nevus sebaceous of the scalp
Authors: Dhombres Ferdinand , Kolanska Kamila , Garel Catherine , Aubry Jean‐Pierre , Gonzales Marie , Jouannic Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNevus sebaceous is a complex hamartoma most commonly found on the scalp, face, and neck and is often present at birth, although some may be diagnosed later in infancy. We report the first prenatal diagnosis of isolated nevus sebaceous that presented at 19 weeks' gestation as a large and exophytic tumor of the scalp. This case emphasizes the crucial role of ultrasound examination performed with high‐frequency probes, which revealed associated diffuse lesions of the face. Identification of such a facial involvement could have a dramatic prognostic impact. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PROX1 Gene Variant is Associated with Fasting Glucose Change After Antihypertensive Treatment
Authors: Gong Yan , McDonough Caitrin W. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Karnes Jason H. , O'Connell Jeffrey R. , Turner Stephen T. , Chapman Arlene B. , Gums John G. , Bailey Kent R. , Boerwinkle Eric , Johnson Julie A. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. 
Published: October 2013

Study ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of the 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with fasting glucose in Caucasians in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) with glucose response to antihypertensive drugs shown to increase risk for hyperglycemia and diabetes.DesignRandomized, multicenter clinical trial.PatientsA total of 456 Caucasian men and women with uncomplicated hypertension.Measurements and Main ResultsThe Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensives Responses study evaluated blood pressure and glucose response in uncomplicated hypertensive patients randomized to either atenolol or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) monotherapy, followed by combination therapy with both agents. Association of these SNPs with atenolol‐ or HCTZ‐induced glucose response was evaluated in 456 Caucasian patients using linear regression adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, baseline glucose, baseline insulin, and principal component for ancestry.The SNP rs340874 in the 5′ region of PROX1 gene was significantly associated with atenolol‐induced glucose change (p=0.0013). Participants harboring the C allele of this SNP had greater glucose elevation after approximately 9 weeks of atenolol monotherapy (β = +2.39 mg/dl per C allele), consistent with the direction of effect in fasting glucose GWAS, that showed the C allele is associated with higher fasting glucose.ConclusionThese data suggest that PROX1 SNP rs340874, discovered in fasting glucose GWAS, may also be a pharmacogenetic risk factor for antihypertensive‐induced hyperglycemia. β‐blockers and thiazides may interact with genetic risk factors to increase risk for dysglycemia and diabetes.
Improving schizophrenia care: kindness and competence are key
Authors: Titmarsh Steve 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAt the 12th Latest Advances in Psychiatry Symposium in March, Professor Sir Robin Murray provided colleagues with a synthesis of what he has learnt, observed and experienced in relation to schizophrenia in a Keynote Lecture that offered some real pearls of wisdom to those trying to help people with this devastating illness. Steve Titmarsh was among those privileged to listen.
BF3·OEt2 in alcoholic media, an efficient initiator in the cationic polymerization of phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazines
Authors: Andreu Robert , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia , Lligadas Gerard , Reina Jose A. , Ronda Juan C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT3‐Phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine (m1) underwent cationic ring opening polymerization using BF3·OEt2 in alcoholic solution under mild conditions. The polymerization of m1 proceeds through an intermediate hemiaminal ether leading mainly to the formation of polybenzoxazines with diphenylmethane bridges, and not only the classical Mannich‐type ones. During the first stages of the reaction, low‐molecular weight soluble oligomers containing benzoxazine rings are formed. At longer polymerization times, the propagation proceeds conventionally through the phenolic active sites. This polymerization mechanism is extensible to other substituted 3‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazines but fails in the case of 3‐alkyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazines or when the phenyl group in Position 3 have a substituent in the p‐position. Spectroscopic studies and kinetic experiments using model reactions and deuterium labeled benzoxazines, allow proposing a plausible different polymerization mechanism. These soluble benzoxazine‐containing polymers can be conveniently processed and impregnated on appropriate substrates before underwent crosslinking producing materials with comparable properties to those of conventional bis‐benzoxazines. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5075–5084
Synthesis of click‐reactive HPMA copolymers using RAFT polymerization for drug delivery applications
Authors: Ebbesen Morten F. , Schaffert David H. , Crowley Michael L. , Oupický David , Howard Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis study describes a versatile strategy combining reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click chemistry to synthesize well‐defined, reactive copolymers of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) for drug delivery applications. A novel azide containing monomer N‐(3‐azidopropyl)methacrylamide (AzMA) was synthesized and copolymerized with HPMA using RAFT polymerization to provide p(HPMA‐co‐AzMA) copolymers with high control of molecular weight (∼10–54 kDa) and polydispersity (≤1.06). The utility of the side‐chain azide functionality by Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was demonstrated by efficient conjugation (up to 92%) of phosphocholine, a near infrared dye, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different substitution degrees, either alone or in combination. This study introduces a novel and versatile method to synthesize well‐defined click‐reactive HPMA copolymers for preparing a panel of bioconjugates with different functionalities needed to systemically evaluate and tune the biological performance of polymer‐based drug delivery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5091–5099
Investigation of Blast Performance and Solid Residues for Layered Thermobaric Charges
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar A. , Barcz Katarzyna , Paszula Józef , Cudziło Stanisław 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe confined explosion of an annular layered charge composed of a phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) core and an external layer consisting of aluminum powder (Al) or a mixture of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and Al was studied. Experiments were carried out in fully and partially closed structures, i.e., in the explosion chamber of 150 dm3 in volume and in the 40 m3 volume bunker with four small holes and a doorway. Two types of aluminum powder were used in the mixtures. Signals of overpressure from two piezoelectric gauges located at the chamber wall were recorded and the influence of aluminum contents and particle size on a quasi‐static pressure (QSP) was studied. Moreover, the solid residues from the chamber were analyzed by using SEM, TG/DTA and XRD techniques to determine their structure and composition. Pressure and light histories recorded in the bunker enable us to determine the blast wave characteristics and time‐duration of light output. The effect of the charge mass and aluminum particle size on blast wave parameters were investigated. For comparison, the test for RDXph and TNT charges were also carried out.
Comparative Studies of Pressure Sensitization of Zirconium Carbide and Zirconium Silicate on Burning Rates in a RDX‐AP based Composite Propellant
Authors: Singh Harmeet , Upadhyay Jayesh , Chimurkar Dhanraj , Ghorpade Vishwas , Kotbagi Amarnath , Kumar Amit , Kumar Arvind , Gupta Manoj 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn a systematic study to compare the effects of the values of burning rate and pressure exponent in RDX‐AP based composite propellant, various compositions with varying percentages of zirconium carbide (ZrC) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) were formulated to select a suitable candidate. Various rocket parameters of each formulation were theoretically predicted by the NASA CEC‐71 program and the burning rate was evaluated in pressure range of 3–11 MPa. In addition, density, sensitivity, and thermal properties of compositions having maximum effects on pressure exponent’s values were also evaluated. It was concluded that ZrSiO4 enhances the pressure exponent “n” value substantially, whereas ZrC doesn’t have significant effects on it as compared to base composition and also provides higher density values of composite propellant formulated.
Application of Azido Esters as Energetic Plasticizers for LOVA Propellant Formulations
Authors: Kumari Dimple , Yamajala K. Durga Bhaskhar , Singh Haridwar , Sanghavi Rakesh R. , Asthana Shri N. , Raju K. , Banerjee Shaibal 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe study of a cyclotrimethylene trinitramine‐based low vulnerable ammunition (LOVA) propellant having cellulose acetate (CA) and nitrocellulose (NC) combinations as binders is described herein. Two propellant compositions (1 and 2) were prepared by replacing the non energetic plasticizer triacetin (TA) with the novel tetraazido ester plasticizers tetraazido malonate and tetraazido glutarate, respectively, and their ballistic, mechanical, and thermal properties were studied. Both compositions 1 and 2 showed thermal stability up to 200 °C with a heat release of 1752.81 and 1774.34 J g−1, respectively. Both compositions have high impact insensitivity (h50: 39 cm), friction insensitivity up to 36 kg, and an ignition temperature greater than 250 °C. The flame temperatures of 1 and 2 are 3164 and 3243 K with linear burn rate coefficients of 0.117 and 0.122 cm s−1 MPa−1, respectively. Similar percentage elongations at three different temperatures (−20 °C, +27 °C, and +55 °C) conditions were recorded for both compositions.
Increase in activation rate of Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin by a single nonpolar‐to‐polar amino acid substitution at the hydrophobic core of the propeptide domain
Authors: Yuzaki Kota , Sanda Yudai , You Dong‐Ju , Uehara Ryo , Koga Yuichi , Kanaya Shigenori 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTk‐subtilisin (Gly70‐Gly398) is a subtilisin homolog from Thermococcus kodakarensis. Active Tk‐subtilisin is produced from its inactive precursor, Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin (Gly1‐Gly398), by autoprocessing and degradation of the propeptide (Tk‐propeptide, Gly1‐Leu69). This activation process is extremely slow at moderate temperatures owing to high stability of Tk‐propeptide. Tk‐propeptide is stabilized by the hydrophobic core. To examine whether a single nonpolar‐to‐polar amino acid substitution at this core affects the activation rate of Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin, the Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin derivative with the Phe17→His mutation (Pro‐F17H), Tk‐propeptide derivative with the same mutation (F17H‐propeptide), and two active‐site mutants of Pro‐F17H (Pro‐F17H/S324A and Pro‐F17H/S324C) were constructed. The crystal structure of Pro‐F17H/S324A was nearly identical to that of Pro‐S324A, indicating that the mutation does not affect the structure of Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin. The refolding rate of Pro‐F17H/S324A and autoprocessing rate of Pro‐F17H/S324C were also nearly identical to those of their parent proteins (Pro‐S324A and Pro‐S324C). However, the activation rate of Pro‐F17H greatly increased when compared with that of Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin, such that Pro‐F17H is efficiently activated even at 40°C. The far‐UV circular dichroism spectrum of F17H‐propeptide did not exhibit a broad trough at 205–230 nm, which is observed in the spectrum of Tk‐propeptide. F17H‐propeptide is more susceptible to chymotryptic degradation than Tk‐propeptide. These results suggest that F17H‐propeptide is unfolded in an isolated form and is therefore rapidly degraded by Tk‐subtilisin. Thus, destabilization of the hydrophobic core of Tk‐propeptide by a nonpolar‐to‐polar amino acid substitution is an effective way to increase the activation rate of Pro‐Tk‐subtilisin.
The quark‐level linear σ model
Authors: Scadron M.D. , Rupp G. , Delbourgo R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis review of the quark‐level linear σ model (QLLσM) is based upon the dynamical realization of the pseudoscalar and scalar mesons as a linear representation of SU(2)× SU(2) chiral symmetry, with the symmetry weakly broken by current quark masses. In its simplest SU(2) incarnation, with two non‐strange quark flavors and three colors, this nonperturbative theory, which can be selfconsistently bootstrapped in loop order, is shown to accurately reproduce a host of low‐energy observables with only one parameter, namely the pion decay constant fπ. Extending the scheme to SU(3) by including the strange quark, equally good results are obtained for many strong, electromagnetic, and weak processes just with two extra constants, viz. fK and <π |Hweak|K>. Links are made with the vector‐meson‐dominance model, the BCS theory of superconductivity, and chiral‐symmetry restoration at high temperature. Finally, these ideas are cautiously generalized to the electroweak sector, including the W, Z, and Higgs bosons, and also to CP violation.