bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal sensory experience affects hatching behavior in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) and Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Sleigh Merry J. , Casey Michael B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSpecies‐typical developmental outcomes result from organismic and environmental constraints and experiences shared by members of a species. We examined the effects of enhanced prenatal sensory experience on hatching behaviors by exposing domestic chicks (n = 95) and Japanese quail (n = 125) to one of four prenatal conditions: enhanced visual stimulation, enhanced auditory stimulation, enhanced auditory and visual stimulation, or no enhanced sensory experience (control condition). In general, across species, control embryos had slower hatching behaviors than all other embryos. Embryos in the auditory condition had faster hatching behaviors than embryos in the visual and control conditions. Auditory–visual condition embryos showed similarities to embryos exposed to either auditory or visual stimulation. These results suggest that prenatal sensory experience can influence hatching behavior of precocial birds, with the type of stimulation being a critical variable. These results also provide further evidence that species‐typical outcomes are the result of species‐typical prenatal experiences. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 935–942, 2014.
Age‐dependent MDPV‐induced taste aversions and thermoregulation in adolescent and adult rats
Authors: Merluzzi Andrew P. , Hurwitz Zachary E. , Briscione Maria A. , Cobuzzi Jennifer L. , Wetzell Bradley , Rice Kenner C. , Riley Anthony L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAdolescent rats are more sensitive to the rewarding and less sensitive to the aversive properties of various drugs of abuse than their adult counterparts. Given a nationwide increase in use of “bath salts,” the present experiment employed the conditioned taste aversion procedure to assess the aversive effects of 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV; 0, 1.0, 1.8, or 3.2 mg/kg), a common constituent in “bath salts,” in adult and adolescent rats. As similar drugs induce thermoregulatory changes in rats, temperature was recorded following MDPV administration to assess if thermoregulatory changes were related to taste aversion conditioning. Both age groups acquired taste aversions, although these aversions were weaker and developed at a slower rate in the adolescent subjects. Adolescents increased and adults decreased body temperature following MDPV administration with no correlation to aversions. The relative insensitivity of adolescents to the aversive effects of MDPV suggests that MDPV may confer an increased risk in this population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 943–954, 2014.
Bolus calculator and wirelessly communicated blood glucose measurement effectively reduce hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic children – randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramotowska Anna , Szypowska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of bolus calculator function and wireless communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes, treated with insulin pumps.MethodsIn this randomized, controlled, 12‐week trial, 156 patients, aged 12.9 ± 2.6 years, with a history of diabetes of 5.1 ± 3.3 years and glycated haemoglobin values of 7.3 ± 1.2% (56.3 ± 13.44 mmol/mol) were included. Children were assigned to one of three arms: group A, subjects using bolus calculator and wireless communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre; group B, subjects using bolus calculator without communication between the devices and group C, control group. Devices were downloaded at 0, 6 and 12 weeks.ResultsThere were statistically fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia in children using bolus calculator compared with the control group: A versus C (3.8 ± 3.1 versus 7.8 ± 5.13 episodes/2 weeks, respectively, p < 0.0001); B versus C (3.6 ± 3.3 versus 7.8 ± 5.1 episodes/2 weeks, respectively, p < 0.0001). Patients in group A used bolus calculator function significantly more frequently than patients in group B (4.9 ± 3.4 versus 2.5 ± 2.9 times/24 h, respectively, p = 0.0006). No significant differences in glycated haemoglobin levels were found between the experimental and the control groups: group A versus C (p = 0.699). The use of bolus calculator did not influence post‐prandial glycaemia, body mass index‐SD score or insulin/kg/24 h.ConclusionsBolus calculator use reduces hypoglycaemic episodes independently of communication between insulin pump and blood glucose metre. Wireless communication between devices results in more frequent bolus calculator use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of residual β cell function in long‐standing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sherr Jennifer L. , Ghazi Tara , Wurtz Anna , Rink Linda , Herold Kevan C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSome patients with long‐standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) maintain detectable levels of C‐peptide. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of insulin secretion in these subjects have not been assessed, but may shed light on the basis for maintained β cell function. Our objective was to characterize insulin secretion in subjects with varying duration of T1D.MethodsData from mixed‐meal tolerance tests were collected in this cross‐sectional study. We screened 58 subjects with T1D <1 year and 34 subjects with T1D >2 years, 20 of whom had previously participated in trials of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody. Data from 38 historical non‐diabetic controls were utilized. Insulin secretory rates were calculated from C‐peptide levels from mixed‐meal tolerance tests. Patterns and rates of insulin secretion were characterized along with relationships between insulin secretion and clinical parameters.ResultsC‐peptide was detected in 68% of subjects with T1D duration >2 years. Insulin secretion was negatively correlated with HgbA1c and insulin use. A decline in total insulin secretion was seen with increasing disease duration (p < 0.0001). More subjects with long duration of T1D had a delayed time to peak secretion compared with those with new onset T1D or non‐diabetic subjects. Insulin and glucagon secretory responses appeared unrelated.ConclusionsMeal‐stimulated insulin secretory responses are seen in those with long‐standing T1D and detectable C‐peptide. Delayed insulin secretory responses are more common in individuals with longer disease duration. Residual insulin secretory responses are associated with improved clinical parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep quality and the metabolic syndrome: the role of sleep duration and lifestyle
Authors: Mesas Arthur Eumann , Guallar‐Castillón Pilar , López‐García Esther , León‐Muñoz Luz María , Graciani Auxiliadora , Banegas José Ramón , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the association between sleep quality and the metabolic syndrome and whether if it is independent of sleep duration and if it can be explained by lifestyles linked to sleep quality.MethodsCross‐sectional study conducted from 2008 to 2010 with 10 342 individuals representative of the population aged ≥18 years in Spain. Poor sleep quality was ascertained through self‐reported difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep and sleeping pill consumption. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the recent harmonized definition. Analyses were conducted with logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders.ResultsDifficulty falling asleep was associated with higher frequency of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle and diagnosed morbidity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.47]. The association was slightly attenuated after further adjusting for sleep duration (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04–1.46) and held after additional adjustment for energy intake, adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, energy spent in physical activity and time watching TV (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.01–1.42). No associations were found between metabolic syndrome and other sleep quality indicators. Difficulty falling asleep was associated with high blood pressure in the fully adjusted analyses (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.00–1.37) but not with the rest of components of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsDifficulty falling asleep is associated with metabolic syndrome and, in particular, with high blood pressure. This association is independent of sleep duration and is not due to lifestyles related to poor sleep. This finding should be replicated in prospective studies using objective sleep measures; also, the influence of antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering drug treatment on this association should be further studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of corticosterone and DHEA on doublecortin immunoreactivity in the song control system and hippocampus of adult song sparrows
Authors: Wada Haruka , Newman Amy E.M. , Hall Zachary J. , Soma Kiran K. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAdult neuroplasticity is strongly influenced by steroids. In particular, corticosterone (CORT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can have opposing effects, where CORT reduces while DHEA increases neurogenesis and neuron recruitment. It has been previously shown that in adult male song sparrows, DHEA treatment increases neuron recruitment throughout the telencephalon, including the lateral ventricular zone, while the effect of CORT treatment is restricted to HVC, one of the song control regions. These data suggest that the two steroids may differentially affect proliferation, migration, differentiation, and/or survival of new neurons. To determine if CORT or DHEA alters the migration and differentiation of young neurons, we examined an endogenous marker of migrating immature neurons, doublecortin (DCX), in HVC and hippocampus of adult male song sparrows that were treated with CORT and/or DHEA for 28 days. In HVC, DHEA increased the number of DCX‐labeled round cells, while CORT had no main effect on the number of DCX‐labeled cells. Furthermore, DHEA increased the area covered by DCX immunoreactivity in HVC, regardless of CORT treatment. In the hippocampus, neither DHEA nor CORT affected DCX immunoreactivity. These results suggest that DHEA enhances migration and differentiation of young neurons into HVC while CORT does not affect the process, whether in the presence of DHEA or not. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 52–62, 2014
Dendritic differentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells is promoted by ryanodine receptors expressed by Purkinje and granule cells
Authors: Ohashi Ryo , Sakata Shin‐ichi , Naito Asami , Hirashima Naohide , Tanaka Masahiko 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCerebellar Purkinje cells have the most elaborate dendritic trees among neurons in the brain. We examined the roles of ryanodine receptor (RyR), an intracellular Ca2+ release channel, in the dendrite formation of Purkinje cells using cerebellar cell cultures. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells express RyR1 and RyR2, whereas granule cells express RyR2. When ryanodine (10 µM), a blocker of RyR, was added to the culture medium, the elongation and branching of Purkinje cell dendrites were markedly inhibited. When we transferred small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RyR1 into Purkinje cells using single‐cell electroporation, dendritic branching but not elongation of the electroporated Purkinje cells was inhibited. On the other hand, transfection of RyR2 siRNA into granule cells also inhibited dendritic branching of Purkinje cells. Furthermore, ryanodine reduced the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the culture medium. The ryanodine‐induced inhibition of dendritic differentiation was partially rescued when BDNF was exogenously added to the culture medium in addition to ryanodine. Overall, these results suggest that RyRs expressed by both Purkinje and granule cells play important roles in promoting the dendritic differentiation of Purkinje cells and that RyR2 expressed by granule cells is involved in the secretion of BDNF from granule cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 467–480, 2014
Mathematical modelling of digit specification by a sonic hedgehog gradient
Authors: Woolley Thomas E. , Baker Ruth E. , Tickle Cheryll , Maini Philip K. , Towers Matthew 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackground: The three chick wing digits represent a classical example of a pattern specified by a morphogen gradient. Here we have investigated whether a mathematical model of a Shh gradient can describe the specification of the identities of the three chick wing digits and if it can be applied to limbs with more digits. Results: We have produced a mathematical model for specification of chick wing digit identities by a Shh gradient that can be extended to the four digits of the chick leg with Shh‐producing cells forming a digit. This model cannot be extended to specify the five digits of the mouse limb. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the parameters of a classical‐type morphogen gradient are sufficient to specify the identities of three different digits. However, to specify more digit identities, this core mechanism has to be coupled to alternative processes, one being that in the chick leg and mouse limb, Shh‐producing cells give rise to digits; another that in the mouse limb, the cellular response to the Shh gradient adapts over time so that digit specification does not depend simply on Shh concentration. Developmental Dynamics 243:290–298, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing global and gene specific DNA methylation in anorexia nervosa: A pilot study
Authors: Saffrey Richard , Novakovic Boris , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveAt present there are no genome‐wide methylation data available in anorexia nervosa (AN) and no studies have examined the potential dynamic nature of DNA methylation during treatment, so it is unclear whether epigenetic disruption established over long periods of malnourishment is reversible. The current study examined global levels of DNA methylation and methylation at a labile imprinted locus in women with AN.MethodBuccal swabs were collected from 10 women who were admitted to hospital for treatment of AN and 10 age‐matched healthy controls DNA methylation of LINE‐1 repetitive elements and the H19 imprinting control region was measured using previously validated assays using the Sequenom Mass Array platform.ResultsNo evidence for altered global or gene‐specific DNA methylation was observed in association with AN.DiscussionLarger, genome‐wide studies of epigenetic modifications, encompassing both DNA methylation and other epigenetic marks, are required to determine the degree to which AN is associated with specific epigenetic changes, potentially modifiable through appropriate treatments that improve nutrition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:206‐210)
A multievent approach to estimating pair fidelity and heterogeneity in state transitions
Authors: Culina Antica , Lachish Shelly , Pradel Roger , Choquet Remi , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFidelity rates of pair‐bonded individuals are of considerable interest to behavioral and population biologists as they can influence population structure, mating rates, population productivity, and gene flow. Estimates of fidelity rates calculated from direct observations of pairs in consecutive breeding seasons may be biased because (i) individuals that are not seen are assumed to be dead, (ii) variation in the detectability of individuals is ignored, and (iii) pair status must be known with certainty. This can lead to a high proportion of observations being ignored. This approach also restricts the way variation in fidelity rates for different types of individuals, or the covariation between fidelity and other vital rates (e.g., survival) can be analyzed. In this study, we develop a probabilistic multievent capture–mark–recapture (MECMR) modeling framework for estimating pair fidelity rates that accounts for imperfect detection rates and capture heterogeneity, explicitly incorporates uncertainty in the assessment of pair status, and allows estimates of state‐dependent survival and fidelity rates to be obtained simultaneously. We demonstrate the utility of our approach for investigating patterns of fidelity in pair‐bonded individuals, by applying it to 30 years of breeding data from a wild population of great titsParus majorLinnaeus. Results of model selection supported state‐dependent recapture, survival, and fidelity rates. Recapture rates were higher for individuals breeding with their previous partner than for those breeding with a different partner. Faithful birds that were breeding with the same partner as in the previous breeding season (i.e., att − 1) experienced substantially higher survival rates (betweentandt + 1) and were also more likely to remain faithful to their current partner (i.e., to remain in the faithful state att + 1). First year breeders were more likely to change partner than older birds. These findings imply that traditional estimates, which do not account for state‐dependent parameters, may be both inaccurate and biased, and hence, inferences based on them may conceal important biological effects. This was demonstrated in the analysis of simulated capture histories, which showed that our MECMR model was able to estimate state‐dependant survival and pair fidelity rates in the face of varying state‐dependant recapture rates robustly, and more accurately, than the traditional method. In addition, this new modeling approach provides a statistically rigorous framework for testing hypothesis about the causes and consequences of fidelity to a partner for natural populations. The novel modeling approach described here can readily be applied, either in its current form or via extension, to other populations and other types of dyadic interactions (e.g., between nonpaired individuals, such as parent–offspring relationships, or between individuals and locations, such as nest‐site fidelity).
Differences in boldness are repeatable and heritable in a long‐lived marine predator
Authors: Patrick Samantha C. , Charmantier Anne , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnimal personalities, composed of axes of consistent individual behaviors, are widely reported and can have important fitness consequences. However, despite theoretical predictions that life‐history trade‐offs may cause and maintain personality differences, our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of personality remains poor, especially in long‐lived species where trade‐offs and senescence have been shown to be stronger. Furthermore, although much theoretical and empirical work assumes selection shapes variation in personalities, studies exploring the genetic underpinnings of personality traits are rare. Here we study one standard axis of personality, the shy–bold continuum, in a long‐lived marine species, the wandering albatross from Possession Island, Crozet, by measuring the behavioral response to a human approach. Using generalized linear mixed models in a Bayesian framework, we show that boldness is highly repeatable and heritable. We also find strong differences in boldness between breeding colonies, which vary in size and density, suggesting birds are shyer in more dense colonies. These results demonstrate that in this seabird population, boldness is both heritable and repeatable and highlights the potential for ecological and evolutionary processes to shape personality traits in species with varying life‐history strategies.
Within‐colony feeding selectivity by a corallivorous reef fish: foraging to maximize reward?
Authors: Brooker Rohan M. , Jones Geoffrey P. , Munday Philip L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractForaging theory predicts that individuals should choose a prey that maximizes energy rewards relative to the energy expended to access, capture, and consume the prey. However, the relative roles of differences in the nutritive value of foods and costs associated with differences in prey accessibility are not always clear. Coral‐feeding fishes are known to be highly selective feeders on particular coral genera or species and even different parts of individual coral colonies. The absence of strong correlations between the nutritional value of corals and prey preferences suggests other factors such as polyp accessibility may be important. Here, we investigated within‐colony feeding selectivity by the corallivorous filefish, Oxymonacanthus longirostris, and if prey accessibility determines foraging patterns. After confirming that this fish primarily feeds on coral polyps, we examined whether fish show a preference for different parts of a common branching coral, Acropora nobilis, both in the field and in the laboratory experiments with simulated corals. We then experimentally tested whether nonuniform patterns of feeding on preferred coral species reflect structural differences between polyps. We found that O. longirostris exhibits nonuniform patterns of foraging in the field, selectively feeding midway along branches. On simulated corals, fish replicated this pattern when food accessibility was equal along the branch. However, when food access varied, fish consistently modified their foraging behavior, preferring to feed where food was most accessible. When foraging patterns were compared with coral morphology, fish preferred larger polyps and less skeletal protection. Our results highlight that patterns of interspecific and intraspecific selectivity can reflect coral morphology, with fish preferring corals or parts of coral colonies with structural characteristics that increase prey accessibility.
Effects of inbreeding on fitness‐related traits in a small isolated moose population
Authors: Haanes Hallvard , Markussen Stine S. , Herfindal Ivar , Røed Knut H. , Solberg Erling J. , Heim Morten , Midthjell Liv , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInbreeding can affect fitness‐related traits at different life history stages and may interact with environmental variation to induce even larger effects. We used genetic parentage assignment based on 22 microsatellite loci to determine a 25 year long pedigree for a newly established island population of moose with 20–40 reproducing individuals annually. We used the pedigree to calculate individual inbreeding coefficients and examined for effects of individual inbreeding (f) and heterozygosity on fitness‐related traits. We found negative effects of f on birth date, calf body mass and twinning rate. The relationship between f and calf body mass and twinning rate were found to be separate but weaker after accounting for birth date. We found no support for an inbreeding effect on the age‐specific lifetime reproductive success of females. The influence of f on birth date was related to climatic conditions during the spring prior to birth, indicating that calves with a low f were born earlier after a cold spring than calves with high f. In years with a warm spring, calf f did not affect birth date. The results suggest that severe inbreeding in moose has both indirect effects on fitness through delayed birth and lower juvenile body mass, as well as separate direct effects, as there still was a significant relationship between f and twinning rate after accounting for birth date and body mass as calf. Consequently, severe inbreeding as found in the study population may have consequences for population growth and extinction risk.