bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal values and political activism: A cross‐national study
Authors: Vecchione Michele , Schwartz Shalom H. , Caprara Gian Vittorio , Schoen Harald , Cieciuch Jan , Silvester Jo , Bain Paul , Bianchi Gabriel , Kirmanoglu Hasan , Baslevent Cem , Mamali Catalin , Manzi Jorge , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Posnova Tetyana , Torres Claudio , Verkasalo Markku , Lönnqvist Jan‐Erik , Vondráková Eva , Welzel Christian , Alessandri Guido 
Published: March 2014

Using data from 28 countries in four continents, the present research addresses the question of how basic values may account for political activism. Study 1 (N = 35,116) analyses data from representative samples in 20 countries that responded to the 21‐item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ‐21) in the European Social Survey. Study 2 (N = 7,773) analyses data from adult samples in six of the same countries (Finland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Poland, and United Kingdom) and eight other countries (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United States) that completed the full 40‐item PVQ. Across both studies, political activism relates positively to self‐transcendence and openness to change values, especially to universalism and autonomy of thought, a subtype of self‐direction. Political activism relates negatively to conservation values, especially to conformity and personal security. National differences in the strength of the associations between individual values and political activism are linked to level of democratization.
Teachers' perceptions about children's movement and learning in early childhood education programmes
Authors: Gehris J. S. , Gooze R. A. , Whitaker R. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to improve the academic skills of preschool‐aged children have resulted in approaches that tend to limit children's movement. However, movement experiences have long been considered important to children's learning and have received increased attention because of the obesity epidemic. Early childhood educators are important sources of information about if and how to promote learning and school readiness through movement, but little effort has been made to understand teachers' views on this topic.MethodsWe conducted six focus groups with 37 teachers from a Head Start programme with centres in three cities in eastern Pennsylvania. We inquired about: (1) how movement influences children's learning; (2) what types of movement experiences are most beneficial for children; (3) what settings best support children's movement; and (4) challenges related to children's movement. To identify key themes from the focus groups, transcripts were analysed using an inductive method of coding.ResultsTeachers' views were expressed in four major themes. First, young children have an innate need to move, and teachers respond to this need by using movement experiences to prepare children to learn and to teach academic concepts and spatial awareness. However, teachers wanted more training in these areas. Second, movement prepares children for school and for life by building children's confidence and social skills. Third, teachers and children benefit from moving together because it motivates children and promotes teacher–child relationships. Finally, moving outdoors promotes learning by engaging children's senses and promoting community interaction.ConclusionsMore training may be required to help early childhood educators use movement experiences to teach academic concepts and improve children's spatial awareness. Future interventions could examine the impacts on children's movement and learning of having teachers move with children during outdoor free play and including more natural features in the design of outdoor play areas.
Cross‐Border Investments and Venture Capital Exits inEurope
Authors: Bertoni Fabio , Groh Alexander Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueWe examine the way in which the exit mode (i.e., initial public offering –IPO, trade sale, or write‐off) of venture capital (VC) investments is influenced by the additional exit opportunities brought by cross‐borderVCinvestors.Research Findings/InsightsWe perform our analysis on a sample of 1,062 VC investments in 462 young high‐tech companies in seven European countries. Our findings indicate that, controlling for firm performance, investor characteristics, and local exit conditions, the probability of exiting via trade sale is positively correlated to the additional set of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) opportunities brought by cross‐border investors. A similar effect, but with weaker statistical significance, is also identified for exits byIPO, which are positively affected byIPOvolumes in the countries of cross‐border investors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsCross‐borderVCinvestment may, at least partially, compensate for inadequate local exit conditions. Cross‐border investors can spillover the capital market activity of their home country and enhance exit options for young ventures. International syndicates are also quicker to write off their non‐performing investments.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsNot all exit modes are equally affected by international syndication. The impact of cross‐border investors on the exit mode also depends on their country of origin and, more specifically, on the exit opportunities available there. The mechanism is stronger for trade sales than forIPOs.
Public and Corporate Governance and Young Global Entrepreneurial Firms
Authors: Zahra Shaker A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeConceptualResearch Question/IssueNew ventures are internationalizing their operations from inception. This creates opportunities for growth and profitability. However, early internationalization creates serious challenges for effective governance. This article focuses on two key layers of governance (public and corporate) and how they interact to influence global entrepreneurial young firms, especially those “born globals” that enter foreign markets from inception (e.g., internet companies) or soon after their establishment, also known as early internationalizers. Though established companies also create new businesses dedicated to international business, they differ in fundamental ways from their younger counterparts that venture into international markets. Therefore, in this article, we focus on those global entrepreneurial young companies. We propose that the interaction of public and corporate governance systems has important implications for global entrepreneurial young firms' strategic choices as they seek to position themselves in their markets. Ideally, public and corporate governance systems combine to ensure the viability, survival and success of these firms.Research Findings/InsightsBorn global and early internationalizing new ventures encounter distinct problems centered on free riding and management of intellectual property. Public governance establishes the essential framework that can guide the resolution of these issues. Corporate governance systems interact with public governance to harmonize the interests of different claimants, especially in disputes that arise across national borders. Corporate governance systems not only ensure effective monitoring of owner‐managers but define what they do and how to do it in a highly globalized environment.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe article shows how public and corporate governance systems interact over time, determining the fate of global new ventures. It also articulates how these systems define and protect intellectual property rights. The discussion highlights the role of governance in a global marketplace where intangibles define success and failure, pointing out the efficacy of traditional agency theory while underscoring the need for revising its boundaries. Future theorizing should consider diversity of managerial motives, and these motives are influenced by national institutions. As a result, we should not start with the assumption that the interests of firms and owners are perfectly aligned.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThere is a need to understand the dynamic interplay between public and corporate governance systems, placing a greater focus on value creation across international borders. This interplay defines what managers (owner‐managers) do and how they lead their ventures in a global environment, one that is characterized by political and institutional uncertainties. The discussion makes clear that national institutions shape the definition and performance of managerial decisions and roles.
Hospitalisations and out‐of‐home placements of children of substance‐abusing mothers: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Raitasalo Kirsimarja , Holmila Marja , Autti‐Rämö Ilona , Notkola Irma‐L. , Tapanainen Heli 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo study (i) whether the children of substance‐abusing mothers are hospitalised because of injury or illness more often than other children; (ii) how often these children are placed out of home; and (iii) how the type of substance used by the mother affects her children.Design and MethodsThis was a retrospective population‐based cohort study based on Finnish health care and social welfare registers. The participants were all children born in Finland in 2002 (n = 55 369) and their biological mothers (n = 54 519). Mothers with register entries related to substance abuse in the period 1998–2009 were defined as having a substance abuse problem. Children were followed up for their first seven years of life for hospitalisations because of injuries and infectious diseases and out‐of‐home placements. The associations between hospitalisation and out‐of‐home care and mothers' type of substance abuse were estimated using logistic regression. The child's gender and the mother's psychiatric disorders and socio‐demographic characteristics obtained from the registers were standardised in the final models.ResultsBased on the register data, 2% of mothers had a substance abuse problem. Alcohol problems were more common than drug problems. Children with substance‐abusing mothers were more often hospitalised because of injuries and infectious diseases than other children. They had also been placed out of home more often. Mothers' abuse of both alcohol and drugs was a bigger risk for the child than solely alcohol or solely drug abuse.Discussion and ConclusionsThe mother's substance abuse has negative outcomes on the child's immediate environment, which affects the health and safety of the child. [Raitasalo K, Holmila M, Autti‐Rämö I, Notkola IL, Tapanainen H. Hospitalisations and out‐of‐home placements of children of substance‐abusing mothers: A register‐based cohort study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:38–45]
The association of early‐life and substance use risks to violent offending among injecting drug users
Authors: Torok Michelle , Darke Shane , Kaye Sharlene , Shand Fiona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIt remains unclear whether violent offending among injecting drug users (IDU) is the direct result of drug use factors or whether they are predisposed to violent behaviour from childhood. The current study sought to identify substance use and early‐life correlates of lifetime violent offending among IDUs and to determine what risks contributed to recent violent offending.Design and MethodsThree hundred community‐based regular IDUs were administered a face‐to‐face cross‐sectional structured interview examining correlates of violent offending.ResultsOne‐third (34%) of IDUs had committed violence in the past 12 months, 42% more than 12 months ago and 24% had never been violent. Predispositional and substance use risk profiles were poorer among IDUs who had been violent, but many of these risks were even more prevalent and severe among those who had been violent in the past 12 months. Multinomial logistic regression found that IDUs who had been violent in the past 12 months had greater polysubstance and higher trait aggressive personalities than the other IDUs, whereas they were further differentiated from non‐recent violent IDUs in having more involvement in drug dealing and more likely to screen positive for conduct disorder.Discussion and ConclusionsDrug use factors alone did not adequately explain the likelihood of violent offending among IDUs. Instead, there appeared to be complex interactions between early‐life risks and substance use which created a liability to violent offending, and the level of exposure to these risks appeared to explain differences in violent offending patterns. [Torok M, Darke S, Kaye S, Shand F. The association of early‐life and substance use risks to violent offending among IDUs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:10–7]
Malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic literature review
Authors: Van Cauwenbergh Deborah , Nijs Jo , Kos Daphne , Van Weijnen Laura , Struyf Filip , Meeus Mira 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionIt is hypothesised that the autonomic nervous system responds differently to various stressors in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared with healthy controls. The goal is to systematically review the scientific literature addressing the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in patients with CFS.Materials and methodsAll studies that were identified through electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) were screened for eligibility based on the selection criteria and assessed (two independent raters) for methodological quality using a methodological checklist for case–control studies.ResultsTwenty‐seven case–control studies were included. The methodological quality varied between 50% and 71·4%. Some studies showed different responses to head‐up tilt and other autonomous testing.ConclusionAlthough comparison between the included case–control studies was difficult, we can conclude that there are differences in autonomous response between patients with CFS and healthy controls. The heart rate dynamic response during the head‐up tilt test differs between patients with CFS and healthy controls, supporting the increased prevalence of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. The autonomic response can be useful for the diagnosis of CFS.
Parental care influences social immunity in burying beetle larvae
Authors: REAVEY CATHERINE E. , BEARE LAURA , COTTER SHEENA C. 
Published: March 2014

In this study, evidence is provided of social immunity in the offspring of a sub‐social species, the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides.
Nicrophorus vespilloides is a carrion breeder and, in a similar fashion to the adult beetles, the offspring produce exudates that exhibit lytic activity, which are used to coat the breeding resource. This strategy defends against the microbial community.
The lytic activity in larval exudates declines as the brood develops, perhaps being most beneficial at the start of the breeding bout.
Changing levels of parental care through widowing/orphaning affects lytic activity in the larval exudates, with levels decreasing in the absence of both parents.
Distinct axo‐somato‐dendritic distributions of three potassium channels in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells
Authors: Kirizs Tekla , Kerti‐Szigeti Katalin , Lorincz Andrea , Nusser Zoltan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPotassium channels comprise the most diverse family of ion channels and play critical roles in a large variety of physiological and pathological processes. In addition to their molecular diversity, variations in their distributions and densities on the axo‐somato‐dendritic surface of neurons are key parameters in determining their functional impact. Despite extensive electrophysiological and anatomical investigations, the exact location and densities of most K+ channels in small subcellular compartments are still unknown. Here we aimed at providing a quantitative surface map of two delayed‐rectifier (Kv1.1 and Kv2.1) and one G‐protein‐gated inwardly rectifying (Kir3.2) K+ channel subunits on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs). Freeze‐fracture replica immunogold labelling was employed to determine the relative densities of these K+ channel subunits in 18 axo‐somato‐dendritic compartments. Significant densities of the Kv1.1 subunit were detected on axon initial segments (AISs) and axon terminals, with an approximately eight‐fold lower density in the latter compartment. The Kv2.1 subunit was found in somatic, proximal dendritic and AIS plasma membranes at approximately the same densities. This subunit has a non‐uniform plasma membrane distribution; Kv2.1 clusters are frequently adjacent to, but never overlap with, GABAergic synapses. A quasi‐linear increase in the Kir3.2 subunit density along the dendrites of PCs was detected, showing no significant difference between apical dendritic shafts, oblique dendrites or dendritic spines at the same distance from the soma. Our results demonstrate that each subunit has a unique cell‐surface distribution pattern, and predict their differential involvement in synaptic integration and output generation at distinct subcellular compartments.
Regulation of vitellogenin genes in insects
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Nagaba Yoshiki , Elgendy Azza Mohamed , Takeda Makio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVitellogenins (Vg) genes code for the major egg yolk protein precursor in insects and many other oviparous species. In insects, the Vg gene is expressed extra‐ovarially in the fat body in sex‐, tissue‐ and stage‐specific manners. During the reproductive phase, the Vg mRNA is expressed in large quantities, which is then translated, secreted into hemolymph and ultimately taken up by the developing oocytes through receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Once sequestered, the Vgs are stored as vitellin (Vn), the main nutritional reserve for the developing embryo. The regulation of Vg genes is directly under the control of hormones at the transcriptional level. Hormones involved in Vg gene transcription are juvenile hormone (JH), ecdysteroids and some neuropeptides. The overall understanding that has emerged is that the insects can be classified, based on the system of hormonal regulation of Vg gene transcription, into three groups: (i) insects (like most of hemipterans) that use only JH for Vg gene transcription; (ii) insects (like dipterans) that need both JH and ecdysteroids for Vg regulation; and (iii) insects like lepidopterans that require JH, ecdysteroids and additional hormones to regulate their reproductive biology. However, why insect species diverge in using different hormones to govern their reproductive physiology remains unclear. The present contribution focuses on the current status of knowledge regarding the regulation of Vg genes in insects. Besides a brief information on biochemical and molecular features, the role of Vg genes as a target of endocrine disruptors will be addressed. Also, the molecular mechanism of Vg gene regulation will be discussed.
Perampanel for adjunctive treatment of partial‐onset seizures: A pooled dose–response analysis of phase III studies
Authors: Kramer Lynn D. , Satlin Andrew , Krauss Gregory L. , French Jacqueline , Perucca Emilio , Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Kwan Patrick , Shih Jerry J. , Laurenza Antonio , Yang Haichen , Zhu Jin , Squillacote David 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo better understand the relationship between efficacy and perampanel dose, integrated actual (last) dose data from three phase III trials and an extension study (blinded Conversion Period; open‐label Maintenance Period) were analyzed.MethodsSeizure frequency data were analyzed in patients who were randomized to and completed the 13‐week Maintenance Period of the phase III studies on perampanel 8 mg, and who received an actual (last) dose of 12 mg during (1) the extension 16‐week blinded Conversion Period or (2) weeks 1–13 of the extension Maintenance Period. Due to a treatment‐by‐region interaction (p = 0.042), analyses excluded patients from the Latin America region (n = 162/1,480; 10.9% of the treated cohort).ResultsOf 372 patients randomized to 8 mg in the phase III studies, 273 completed the Maintenance Period at 8 mg and 267 entered the extension study. In patients who then had an actual (last) dose of 12 mg during the extension blinded Conversion Period (n = 217), median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days improved from −32.4% (8 mg, phase III Maintenance Period) to −44.2% (12 mg, extension blinded Conversion Period); 50% responder rates increased slightly from 37.3% to 42.9%. In patients who completed the phase III studies on 8 mg and had an actual (last) dose of 12 mg during weeks 1–13 of the extension Maintenance Period (n = 181), median percent change in seizure frequency per 28 days improved from −34.1% (phase III Maintenance Period) to −46.0% (weeks 1–13 extension Maintenance Period); 50% responder rates were 39.2% and 46.4%. Seizure control remained substantially unchanged in patients who completed the phase III studies at 12 mg and continued on that dose during the extension.SignificanceIncreasing perampanel dose from 8 to 12 mg can produce additional benefits in seizure control in at least some patients who tolerate the higher dose.
Eat or Not to Eat: Reversed Sexual Cannibalism as a Male Foraging Strategy in the SpiderMicaria sociabilis(Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Sentenská Lenka , Pekár Stano 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReversed sexual cannibalism represents an unusual situation in which a male kills and consumes a female. We examined this rare phenomenon in the spiderMicaria sociabilis, whose males were observed to regularly cannibalise old females. In this study, we investigated male motivation for such behaviour in the light of ecological conditions such as mate availability and prey availability. We found that male cannibalism is not affected by short‐term starvation but rather by male feeding history during the ontogenetic development in combination with prey availability during the adult stage. Males from the summer generation reached bigger sizes than males from the spring generation and females from both generations. They developed in the period with exceptionally high prey occurrence, but when they reached the adult stage, the prey availability decreased. In this period, we observed the highest frequency of cannibalism, however, only when the sex ratio was female biased. Reversed sexual cannibalism inM. sociabilisseems to represent an advantageous male foraging strategy, which is affected by prey availability and male feeding history, tuned by sex ratio and directed towards females of inferior quality.
A modified cohesive zone model for a high‐speed expanding crack
Authors: Wu J. , Ru C. Q. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe present work studies a self‐similar high‐speed expanding crack of mode‐I in a ductile material with a modified cohesive zone model. Compared with existing Dugdale models for moving crack, the new features of the present model are that the normal stress parallel to crack faces is included in the yielding condition in the cohesive zone and traction force in the cohesive zone can be non‐uniform. For a ductile material defined by von Mises criterion without hardening, the present model confirms that the normal stress parallel to crack face increases with increasing crack speed and can be even larger than the normal traction in the cohesive zone, which justifies the necessity of including the normal stress parallel to the crack faces in the yielding condition at high crack speed. In addition, strain hardening effect is examined based on a non‐uniform traction distribution in the cohesive zone.