bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yoga and self‐reported cognitive problems in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Derry Heather M. , Jaremka Lisa M. , Bennett Jeanette M. , Peng Juan , Andridge Rebecca , Shapiro Charles , Malarkey William B. , Emery Charles F. , Layman Rachel , Mrozek Ewa , Glaser Ronald , Kiecolt‐Glaser Janice K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesCancer survivors often report cognitive problems. Furthermore, decreases in physical activity typically occur over the course of cancer treatment. Although physical activity benefits cognitive function in noncancer populations, evidence linking physical activity to cognitive function in cancer survivors is limited. In our recent randomized controlled trial, breast cancer survivors who received a yoga intervention had lower fatigue and inflammation following the trial compared with a wait list control group. This secondary analysis of the parent trial addressed yoga's impact on cognitive complaints.MethodsPosttreatment stage 0–IIIA breast cancer survivors (n = 200) were randomized to a 12‐week, twice‐weekly Hatha yoga intervention or a wait list control group. Participants reported cognitive complaints using the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Cognitive Problems Scale at baseline, immediately postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsCognitive complaints did not differ significantly between groups immediately postintervention (p = 0.250). However, at 3‐month follow‐up, yoga participants' Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Cognitive Problems Scale scores were an average of 23% lower than wait list participants' scores (p = 0.003). These group differences in cognitive complaints remained after controlling for psychological distress, fatigue, and sleep quality. Consistent with the primary results, those who practiced yoga more frequently reported significantly fewer cognitive problems at 3‐month follow‐up than those who practiced less frequently (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that yoga can effectively reduce breast cancer survivors' cognitive complaints and prompt further research on mind–body and physical activity interventions for improving cancer‐related cognitive problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Estimate of Basin‐Wide Denitrification Based on Floodplain Inundation in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana
Authors: Bennett M. G. , Fritz K. A. , Hayden‐Lesmeister A. , Kozak J. P. , Nickolotsky A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMaximizing the reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas (denitrification) has been advocated as a means to decrease nitrate pollution that causes eutrophication and hypoxia in estuaries worldwide. Managing this flux in bottomland forest wetlands of the Mississippi River could potentially reduce the world's second largest hypoxic zone. We used published denitrification rates, geospatial data on habitat area and inundation frequency, water level records (1963–2011), and average monthly temperatures to estimate annual denitrification in the Atchafalaya River Basin, the principal distributary of the Mississippi River. Denitrification rates ranged from 5394 kg N year−1(3.07 kg N km−2 year−1) in 1988 to 17 420 kg N year−1(9.92 kg N km−2 year−1) in 1981, and rates were consistently higher in fall compared with those in spring. Total NO3−denitrified in the basin was negligible compared with total NO3−entering the Gulf of Mexico. If all N denitrified in the basin instead entered the Gulf, the hypoxic zone was predicted to increase only 5.07 km2(0.06%). This negligible effect of the basin on N dynamics in the Gulf agrees with other mass balance and isotopic studies in the region. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Yoshida Naoki , Takayama Tadatoshi , Midorikawa Yutaka , Higaki Tokio , Nakayama Hisashi , Moriguchi Masamichi , Tsuji Shingo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundOnly a few papers have focused on the surgical outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with the metabolic syndrome. We compared the outcomes of patients with metabolic HCC with those of patients with non‐B, non‐C HCC associated with other etiologies.
MethodsMetabolic HCC was defined as HCC arising in patients with at least three of the following metabolic disorders: central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. A total of 246 patients with non‐B, non‐C HCC were divided into three groups: metabolic HCC (n = 35), alcoholic HCC (n = 114), and cryptogenic HCC (n = 97). Clinical characteristics, surgical data, and survival were compared among the three groups.
ResultsMetabolic HCC was diagnosed at a significantly higher age than alcoholic (75 vs. 68 years, P = 0.004) and cryptogenic HCCs (75 vs. 71 years, P = 0.027). Postoperative complications occurred significantly higher in patients with metabolic HCC compared with those with cryptogenic HCC (40.0 vs. 22.7 %, P = 0.049). Especially, pulmonary complications were significant in metabolic HCC compared with cryptogenic HCC (22.9 vs. 8.2 %, P = 0.023). The overall survival rates in the metabolic, alcoholic, and cryptogenic HCC groups were 96.7 % (95 % CI, 90.5–100), 96.3 % (95 % CI, 92.8–99.9), and 95.6 % (95 % CI, 91.5–99.9) at 1 year, respectively, and 87.2 % (95 % CI, 74.5–100), 82.9 % (95 % CI, 74.6–92.2), and 84.5 % (95 % CI, 75.7–94.3) at 3 years, respectively (P = 0.84). The disease‐free survival rates in each group were 74.4 % (95 % CI, 60.5–91.5), 76.9 % (95 % CI, 69.2–85.5), and 74.3 % (95 % CI, 65.0–84.8) at 1 year, respectively, and 29.3 % (95 % CI, 16.6–51.8), 39.0 % (95 % CI, 29.7–51.2), and 41.1 % (95 % CI, 29.7–56.8) at 3 years, respectively, (P = 0.90).ConclusionsMetabolic HCC patients have specific risks of postoperative complication related to the metabolic syndrome.
Early versus delayed oral feeding for patients after cesarean
Authors: Guo Jin , Long Shuyu , Li Huafeng , Luo Jinfeng , Han Dongmei , He Teng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundEarly oral feeding (EOF) after cesarean delivery is still controversial.ObjectivesTo assess whether EOF is superior to delayed oral feeding (DOF) after cesarean in terms of safety and effectiveness.Search strategyPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports related to early feeding and cesarean published in English before June 30, 2014.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing at least one of six outcomes after EOF (≤ 12 hours after surgery) and DOF (after return of bowel sounds/movement or > 12 hours) after cesarean delivery were included.Data collection and analysisData were extracted using a predesigned extraction form. Risk ratios or mean differences were calculated.Main resultsA total of 20 studies were included, including 4584 women who had undergone cesarean. No significant differences were identified in patient satisfaction and frequency of postoperative complications. Compared with DOF, EOF promoted a quicker return of bowel sounds, flatus, bowel movement, and regular diet (P < 0.001 for all). Significant reductions were also noted in duration and amount of intravenous fluids, length of hospital stay, and time to first breastfeeding (P < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsThere are no obvious advantages in withholding fluid and food after cesarean. Indeed, EOF offers some short‐term benefits.
Quality assurance in the European policy arena
Authors: Enders Jürgen , Westerheijden Don F 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Our paper investigates the emergence, development and contested nature of quality assurance (QA) in the European policy arena as part and parcel of the Bologna Process. We conceptualise our paper on the background of the study of multi-level and multi-actor dynamics between national, inter-governmental and supranational policies; we discuss the changing ideational framing of QA in the European policy arena, and attempts at European norm-setting and standardisation. QA in the Bologna Process moved from a non-binding inter-governmental agreement towards monitored coordination and became embedded in the competitive turn in European higher education policy stressing an instrumental view of the university. QA policies unfold coercive pressure for convergence alongside soft templates and prototypes of ‘best practice’. The impressive architecture of Bologna leaves, however, ample room for national and institutional design in policy implementation and a variety of preferences and interests of actors at different levels.
Health-Related Quality of Life and the Adaptation of Residents to Harsh Post-Earthquake Conditions in China
Authors: Liang Ying , Lu Peiyi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the adaptation to harsh conditions (APHC) of residents living in post-earthquake zones in Sichuan Province, China, as well as the effect of HRQOL on APHC.MethodsA sample survey was conducted in 5 counties in Sichuan in May and June 2013 (N=2000). The 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to measure HRQOL. The APHC scale was self-developed and was based on real-life conditions in China. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze how HRQOL affected APHC.ResultsCronbach α coefficients indicated that the internal reliability of both scales were good. Results showed that the physical component summary significantly affected APHC, while the effect of the mental component summary was insignificant. APHC had the greatest effect on the adaptation to poor infrastructures (r=0.721) and the least effect on the adaptation to poor social security systems (r=0.608).ConclusionsThe HRQOL of residents living in post-earthquake zones positively affected APHC, particularly physical health. These findings suggested the need for governmental improvement of infrastructures in post-disaster areas. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-7)
HOSTS, STRANGERS AND THE TENURE POLITICS OF LIVESTOCK CORRIDORS IN MALI
Authors: Brottem Leif 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn dryland West Africa, policy makers have come to acknowledge livestock mobility as a sound adaptation strategy for variable dryland climate regimes. In Mali, the national government is taking measures to support mobility in the form of grazing zones, conflict management mechanisms and, most notably, livestock passage corridors. These corridors are part of a long and contentious history of territorialization in agrarian West Africa. This paper demonstrates through a comparative case study that livestock corridors can accomplish the agro-ecological objective of improving herd mobility but they also have unforeseen political impacts that depend on socio-spatial relations between farmers and herders. By historicizing corridors and contextualizing them within the host–stranger relationship that is found throughout the region, this paper reveals the different meanings that boundary-making processes take on for autochthonous farmers and mobile herders. In an area where ethnic Fulani herders have settled independently from farming communities, the latter have rejected a proposed corridor. In contrast, farmers in areas where herders are seasonal guests have supported the same measure. These divergent outcomes do not depend simply on different levels of resource competition, but, instead, on the ways in which corridors and their boundaries become inscribed in perceived land claims and power relations between competing groups. These findings have broader implications concerning the interactive changes occurring between autochthonous rights and decentralized democratic institutions in sub-Saharan West Africa.
HARNESSING THE ANCESTORS: MUTUALITY, UNCERTAINTY AND RITUAL PRACTICE IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ainslie Andrew 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, chronic economic uncertainty has seen social relations stretched to breaking point. Informants speak of a ‘war between men and women’. While grinding poverty, death in the shape of HIV/AIDS and suspicion stalk the land, and the project of building theumzi(homestead) falters, hope for the future and, with it, trust between people leach away. One response to such uncertainty is a turn to ritual. Through a nearly relentless schedule of ritual activity that invokes the ancestors and the Christian deity in various forms, Xhosa people attempt to shore up trust, secure ongoing investment in the rural homestead and sustain ties of reciprocity both among rural people and between them and their urban kin. It is also through the staging of these rituals that women, acting together and in support of each other, are increasingly assertive – often in the face of a violent rearguard opposition from men – in their efforts to exercise agency over the differentiated, fragmented and fragile social and economic relationships within their homesteads and across their villages.
A TRICKLE-UP ECONOMY: MUTUALITY, FREEDOM AND VIOLENCE IN CAPE TOWN'S TAXI ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: Bähre Erik 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMutuality is at the heart of the continued violence and inequality in South Africa. This historical and anthropological analysis of Cape Town's taxi associations reveals how mutuality has become strongly connected with violence and economic marginalization. The breakdown of apartheid led to new mutualities along the rural–urban divide, which resulted in taxi wars between ‘urban insiders’ and ‘rural outsiders’. After liberation from apartheid, mutuality within Cape Town's taxi associations became a central issue in government policy and commercial interests, which contributed to taxi associations becoming mafia-like organizations. This analysis reveals that taxi owners today find themselves in a trickle-up economy characterized by: violent and shifting mutualities; the embrace of illegality and informality as being vital to doing business; and strong economic intervention by the state.
INTRODUCTION: MUTUAL HELP IN AN ERA OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Rodima-Taylor Daivi , Bähre Erik 
Published: October 2014

African communities are witnessing a perplexing proliferation of diverse arrangements of mutual security that draw upon old and new solidarities and inventively merge market logic with reciprocal forms of distribution and sharing. The dynamics of such voluntary arrangements and their broader social impacts emerge as increasingly important topics of study. The changing nature of global economies poses challenging questions about the novel relationships between state and market, and the potential of human agency to find alternatives to address growing inequalities. This collection focuses on local institutions of mutual security as alternative – yet also interdependent – forms of distribution that have become particularly relevant in the current era of global financialization and the changing dynamics between private and public social spheres. Various voluntary associations and informal economic networks, financial mutuals and savings/credit groups are becoming central in regulating access to resources and defining patterns of association in African communities. The articles in this themed part-issue explore these social security networks and organizations, concentrating on their ambiguous potential to empower the marginal as well as to contribute to social strife and political conflict. Ethnographic cases from diverse parts of Africa illustrate the impacts of the environments of uncertainty on the emergence of novel forms of association. The contributions suggest that contemporary mutual help arrangements should be seen as being central to the emergence of new social spaces and power configurations in such settings, revealing a broader social dynamic of globalization.
TOPICS AND TANGENTS FOR MUTUAL HELP IN UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Shipton Parker 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSelf-help groups of varied kinds emerge when kinship, territorial governance or other accustomed associations prove unreliable. Interactions that appear helpful and mutual to one party need not always seem so to another. Shaping their character are not just reason and economic or political necessity, but also feelings, some of which humans share with other animals. These feelings often depend, however, on distinctly human symbolic and linguistic contrivances, sometimes of ironic kinds. Mutual help in Africa often spans generations, and by some interpretations both the living and the non-living. Rites and ceremonies can change over time in relation to other ones performed. Whether these conventions strengthen each other, as if by exercise, or substitute for each other in a more hydraulic way as a trade-off is hard to predict or generalize. Input from several sciences, once integrated with humanistic inquiry, may further enrich our understanding.
THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF ‘INCURSIONS’: LIVESTOCK, PROTECTED AREAS AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN THE MARA REGION OF KENYA
Authors: Butt Bilal 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAcross the world, the presence of domestic animals in protected areas (PAs) is considered an ‘incursion’ that threatens the economic and ecological viability of these areas. Dominant narratives about incursions inaccurately describe the relationships between people and PAs because they lack adequate contextualization. In this paper, I rely on a political-ecological framework to argue for an alternative narrative. Through a case study from a PA in southern Kenya, I demonstrate how incursions are instead modern co-productions that arise from the intersections between changing political geographies of resource control and variable animal geographies of resource utilization – thus clarifying a long-standing debate about the presence of domestic animals in PAs. I rely on direct empirical and supporting evidence from place-based studies to illustrate the spatial and temporal differences in resource access strategies of wildlife and livestock within and outside the PA. I contrast these against changing land tenure and resource management policies to highlight how livestock movements into PAs are patterned in ways that reflect the changing nature of PA management, the material conditions of the landscape, and the agency of animals. Through these investigations, this paper provides a more accurate and nuanced explanation for livestock movements into PAs.
Host-plant dependent population genetics of the invading weevilHypera postica
Authors: Iwase S.-I. , Nakahira K. , Tuda M. , Kagoshima K. , Takagi M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPopulation genetics of invading pests can be informative for understanding their ecology. In this study, we investigated population genetics of the invasive alfalfa weevilHypera posticain Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. We analyzed mitochondrialtRNALeu-COII, nuclearEF-1αgene fragments, andWolbachiainfection in relation to three leguminous host plants:Vicia angustifolia, Vicia villosa, and a new hostAstragalus sinicuscultivated as a honey source and green manure crop. A parsimony network generated from mitochondrial gene sequences uncovered two major haplotypic groups, Western and Egyptian. In contrast to reportedWolbachiainfection of the Western strain in the United States, none of our analyzed individuals were infected. The absence ofWolbachiamay contribute to the stable coexistence of mitochondrial strains through inter-strain reproductive compatibility.Hypera posticagenetic variants for the mitochondrial and nuclear genes were associated neither with host plant species nor with two geographic regions (Hisayama and Kama) within Fukuoka. Mitochondrial haplogroups were incongruent with nuclear genetic variants. Genetic diversity at the nuclear locus was the highest for the populations feeding onV. angustifolia. The nuclear data forA. sinicus-feeding populations indicated past sudden population growth and extended Bayesian skyline plot analysis based on the mitochondrial and nuclear data showed that the growth ofA. sinicus-feeding population took place within the past 1000 years. These results suggest a shorter history ofA. sinicusas a host plant compared withV. angustifoliaand a recent rapid growth ofH. posticapopulation using the new hostA. sinicus.
Agronomically important thrips: development of species-specific primers in multiplex PCR and microarray assay using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences for identification
Authors: Yeh W.B. , Tseng M.J. , Chang N.T. , Wu S.Y. , Tsai Y.S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThrips, the sole vector of plantTospovirus, are major pests of many agricultural crops throughout the world. Molecular approaches have been applied in recent decades to identify these minute and morphologically difficult to distinguish insects. In this study, sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of 15 agronomically important thrips, including several virus transmission species, have been analyzed in order to design species-specific primers for multiplex PCR and probes for microarray assay. That the ITS1 sequence distances within species were smaller than those among species suggests that the ITS1 fragment can be used for thrips species identification. The specificity and stability of these primers, combined with universal paired primers, were tested and verified in multiplex PCR. Using these specific primers as probes, microarray assay showed that PCR products of all thrips species hybridized consistently to their corresponding probes, though some signals were weak. We have demonstrated that multiplex PCR using specific primers based on ITS1 sequences is a simple, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for thrips species identification. Moreover, the DNA microarray assay is expected to extend into a reliable high-throughput screening tool for the vast numbers of thrips.
Woolly apple aphidEriosoma lanigerumHausmann ecology and its relationship with climatic variables and natural enemies in Mediterranean areas
Authors: Lordan Jaume , Alegre Simó , Gatius Ferran , Sarasúa M. José , Alins Georgina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA multilateral approach that includes both biotic and climatic data was developed to detect the main variables that affect the ecology and population dynamics of woolly apple aphidEriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann). Crawlers migrated up and down the trunk mainly from spring to autumn and horizontal migration through the canopy was observed from May to August. Winter temperatures did not kill the canopy colonies, and both canopy and root colonies are the source of reinfestations in Mediterranean areas. Thus, control measures should simultaneously address roots and canopy. European earwigsForficula auricularia(Linnaeus) were found to reduce the survival of overwintering canopy colonies up to June, and this can allow their later control by the parasitoidAphelinus mali(Haldeman) from summer to fall. Preliminary models to predict canopy infestations were developed.