bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity Skin Reaction to HBsAg and Immunohistopathologic Study of Liver in Patients with Acute Type B Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Nagafuchi Seiho , Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Tsuji Yuji , Miyata Yasuji , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Takeshita Morishige , Niho Yoshiyuki , Kikuchi Masahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn an attempt to clarify the role of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of acute type B viral hepatitis (AHB), we studied delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immunohistopathology of livers in patients with AHB. DTH skin reaction to HBsAg developed early in the convalescent phase in all 14 patients with AHB. In contrast, the production of anti‐HBs was significantly delayed in these patients, compared with healthy controls immunized with HB vaccine intradermally (P< 0.001). These observations suggest that DTH to HBsAg but not anti‐HBs may be associated with recovery from AHB. In the biopsied livers obtained from patients with AHB, the proliferation of Kupffer cells was extensive and immunohistopathologic studies revealed an accumulation of CD‐4 positive lymphocytes in the portal area, a finding which suggested a DTH reaction in the liver with AHB. CD‐8 positive cells had infiltrated the lobule and made contact with affected hepatocytes, thereby indicating that a cytotoxic T cell response is involved in damaging of the infected cells. All these observations taken together, we propose that not only a cytotoxic T cell response but also a DTH reaction may be involved in the pathogenesis of AHB.
Syncytium‐Inducing Capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Analysis by the Use of Cloned Viruses
Authors: El‐Farrash Mohamed A. , Harada Shinji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe marked cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for susceptible cells are caused mainly by fusion between cells expressing viral envelope glycoproteins and cells expressing CD4 molecule. In this study, we tested the ability of different clones of HIV to induce syncytia in CD4‐positive cells. We have reported marked difference in syncytium‐inducing capacity of 2 clones of human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV‐IIIB) isolate despite no detectable difference in expression of viral glycoprotein (gpl20). This difference in syncytium induction could be explained by the difference detected in their infectivity and binding activities to CD4‐positive cells. Meanwhile we reported difference in syncytium‐inducing capacity of 2 clones of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV1) isolate parallel to the different amounts of gpl20 and other viral proteins expressed by these 2 clones. These results suggest that viral factors like infectivity and binding affinity of the virus to the susceptible cells and the amount of viral gpl20 expressed by the infected cells may interact in a complex manner affecting fusion activity and syncytium induction in CD4‐positive cells.
Hemolytic Vibrio cholerae O1 That Is Sensitive to Mukerjee's Cholera Phage IV and the Phage Produced by the Hemolytic Vibrio Lysogenized with the Infection of Mukerjee's Cholera Phage IV
Authors: Iwanaga Masaaki , Nakamura Satoshi , Kuyyakanond Thicumporn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStrains of hemolytic Vibrio cholerae Ol (El Tor vibrio) which are sensitive to Mukerjee's cholera phage group IV were isolated from cholera patients in North‐East Thailand in 1986. Plaques of the phage on these hemolytic V. cholerae Ol were usually translucent but almost transparent on some strains, just like the plaques on non‐hemolytic V. cholerae Ol (classical vibrio). These hemolytic V. cholerae Ol were lysogenized with the infection of cholera phage IV, and the lysogenized strains produced phage different from cholera phage IV. These hemolytic strains were classified into Cured type in prophage typing of V. cholerae Ol, El Tor, because they were also lysogenized with Kappa phage and were hemolytic. When Cured‐type V. cholerae Ol, El Tor previously isolated in various countries were examined for the sensitivity to cholera phage IV, some of the isolates were sensitive.
Chemotaxonomic Study of Vibrio cholerae Bio‐Serogroup Hakata on the Basis of the Sugar Composition of the Polysaccharide Portion of Its Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Kondo Seiichi , Iguchi Takehiro , Haishima Yuji , Isshiki Yasunori , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA chemotaxonomic study was carried out on 31 strains of non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae bio‐serogroup Hakata, isolated in Japan, which possesses the Inaba antigen C of O1 V. cholerae. On the basis of the compositional sugar pattern of the polysaccharide portion of their lipopolysaccharides, the 23 strains isolated from the environment were separated into two groups, one (20 strains) containing mannose, glucose, fructose, L‐glycero‐D‐mannoheptose, glucosamine, perosamine, quinovosamine, and an unidentified amino sugar AS, and the other (3 strains) containing two additional sugars, galactose and a trace amount of galactosamine. All of the eight strains isolated from imported seafoods belonged to the former group.
Morphological Detection of Filipin‐Sterol Complexes in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcal L‐Form
Authors: Nishiyama Yayoi , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFilipin, a sterol‐specific antibiotic, and freeze‐fracture electron microscopy were used to study the presence and distribution of sterol in the cytoplasmic membrane of stable staphylococcal L‐form cells. Fixed cells were treated with filipin, and then observed by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy. Freeze‐fractured profiles of the L‐form cells treated with filipin demonstrated irregular distribution of protuberances or pits of 25–30 nm, representing filipin‐sterol complexes, on the protoplasmic fracture face (PF) and exoplasmic fracture face (EF) of the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, no such structure was detected in the filipin‐treated parent cells or protoplasts. The results suggest that some sterol molecules, which are usually not found in staphylococcal or other bacterial cells, emerged on the cytoplasmic membrane after the cells were converted to the stable L‐form.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Differentiation of Flavobacterium indologenes Yabuuchi et al 1983 from Flavobacterium gleum Holmes et al 1984
Authors: Yabuuchi Eiko , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ezaki Takayuki , Ido Yoshimi , Takeuchi Noriko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe type and eight strains of Flavobacterium indologenes were clearly differentiated from the type and two reference strains of Flavobacterium gleum by deoxyribonucleic acid‐deoxyribonucleic acid homology data and phenotypic characteristics. Phenotypic characteristics useful to differentiate the two species are presented.
Protective Effect of Recombinant Human Interleukin‐2 against Lethal Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Iizawa Yuji , Nakao Masafumi , Kondo Masahiro , Yamazaki Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of recombinant human interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2) administered prophylactically on the death of CBA/J mice challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae 27 intraperitoneally were examined. rIL‐2 administered subcutaneously at 20 μg per mouse for 7 days enhanced survival after a lethal challenge. The injection of anti‐asialo GM1 antibody did not influence the effect of rIL‐2. In mice given rIL‐2. the number of peritoneal macrophages increased, and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the peritoneal cavity after the bacterial challenge was enhanced. In addition, adoptive transfer of sera and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), consisting of an approximately equal number of macrophages and PMN, obtained from mice given rIL‐2 enhanced resistance to a K. pneumoniae infection, compared with adoptive transfer of sera and PEC obtained from mice not given rIL‐2. These results indicate that rIL‐2 protects mice from a lethal challenge with K. pneumoniae. and suggest that the protective effect is due to an increase in the number of phagocytic cells and in the cooperative activity of the sera and the phagocytic cells.
Changes in Interleukin 1 Levels in Human Amniotic Fluid with Gestational Ages and Delivery
Authors: Tsunoda Hajime , Tamatani Takuya , Oomoto Yasukazu , Hirai Yoshikatsu , Kasahara Tadashi , Iwasaki Hirokazu , Onozaki Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to understand the role of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) in pregnancy, the amount of IL‐1 in normal human amniotic fluid (AF) from various gestational ages and delivery was measured using an ELISA. AF samples were divided into three groups of varying gestational ages. Group 1 of AF was collected by amniocentesis from gestational ages <24 weeks (n = 13). Group 2 was collected transvaginally during delivery following labor ≥36 weeks (n = 36). Group 3 was transabdominally collected from elective cesarean section without labor ≥36 weeks (n −8). IL‐1α was present in AF of early gestational age, 19.2±21.7 pg/ml, in group 1, and appeared to increase with gestational age, 63.4±50.1 pg/ml, in group 3. In contrast, IL‐1β was not detectable in either group 1 or 3. However, the concentration of IL‐1 in group 2 was extremely high (IL‐lα, 233.1±351.9 pg/ml; IL‐1β, 1,093.5±1,369.7 pg/ml) compared to the other groups. Moreover, these concentrations tended to increase with the duration of labor. IL‐1α and IL‐1β concentrations in AF were intimately related. These findings suggest that IL‐1 has some roles during pregnancy and especially during labor.
Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Raw Milk and Its Environment at Dairy Farms in Japan
Authors: Takai Shinji , Orii Fumie , Yasuda Kenzou , Inoue Satoshi , Tsubaki Shiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe incidence of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in raw milk from farm bulk tanks and silage was investigated monthly at 20 dairy farms in Aomori prefecture, Japan, from January to July in 1989. Listeria sp. was isolated from one sample (5%) of raw milk collected in May. but L. monocytogenes was not isolated from raw milk. L. monocytogenes was isolated from two samples of silage (10%) collected in June. Silage, cow feces, sawdust bedding, dust and soil in these farms were tested for listerias, and we confirmed listerias contamination of the environment in the dairy farms.
Titer and Specificity of Autoantibody to β2‐Microglobulin in Sera from Patients with Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Yokochi Takashi , Yanagawa Akira , Nakagawa Takemasa , Mizushima Yutaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) possessed higher titer of antibody to human β2‐microglobulin (β2m) than those from healthy controls and patients with Behçet's disease in the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It was also confirmed by the immunoprecipitation method. Anti‐β2m antibody in sera from those patients immunoprecipitated free β2m but not β2m in association with major histocompatibility complex class I antigen heavy chain. It was suggested that anti‐β2m antibody in sera from either patients or healthy controls might be directed mainly against free β2m. The relationship between the anti‐β2m antibody and anti‐lymphocytotoxic antibody found in those patients is discussed.
Participation of Calcium Ion on Depletion Mechanism of Liver Glycogen by Purified Glucocorticoid Antagonizing Factor Released in Blood during Endotoxemia
Authors: Sakaguchi Shuhei , Ibata Hiroshi , Yokota Katsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study was conducted by the use of purified glucocorticoid antagonizing factor (GAF) released in blood of endotoxemic mice to determine whether or not the factor (GAF and Ca2+) may play a possible role of mediator in depletion mechanism of liver glycogen in endotoxemia. The liver glycogen level in 2 hr after injection with GAF plus cortisone‐treated mice was markedly lower than that in cortisone alone‐treated mice. However, the administration of trifluoperazine or verapamil markedly increased glycogen levels in liver of GAF plus cortisone‐injected mice. On the other hand, when the mice fed a calcium‐free diet were injected with GAF plus cortisone, there was merely a significant difference in liver glycogen level as compared to cortisone alone‐treated mice. The level of Ca24+ in liver cytosol fraction in cortisone‐treated mice was higher 2 hr after GAF injection than that in the cortisone alone‐treated one. The phosphorylase a activity in liver 2 hr after injection of GAF plus cortisone did not show a significant difference as compared to that in mice treated with cortisone alone. However, the activity ratio of glycogen synthase enzyme (synthase I/synthase I + D) was decreased in GAF plus cortisone‐treated mice as compared to that in cortisone alone‐treated mice. These findings suggest that there are participations of Ca2+ and mediator GAF released from reticuloendothelial system (RES) macrophages in glucoregulation of endotoxemia. Thus, it may be speculated that intracellular Ca2+ may mediate glycogenesis rather than glycogenolysis in the depletion mechanism of liver glycogen during GAF‐poisoning.
Ia Restriction Specificity of KLH‐Specific T Cells from Allogeneic Bone Marrow Chimeras Is Influenced by Histocompatibility at the H‐2 and Minor Histocompatibility Loci
Authors: Ogasawara Kazumasa , Fukushi Noriko , Mishima Machiko , Good Robert A. , Onoé Kazunori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIa restriction specificity involved in T cell proliferative responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) has been analyzed using a variety of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras. The chimeric mice were prepared by reconstituting irradiated AKR, SJL, B10.BR and B10.A(4R) mice with bone marrow cells from B10 mice. When such chimeric mice had first been primed with KLH in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), T cells from H‐2 incompatible fully allogeneic chimeras showed significantly higher responses to KLH in the presence of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) of donor strain (B10) than APC of recipient strain. However, in H‐2 subregion compatible chimeras, [B10→B10.A(4R)], which were matched at the H‐2D locus and at minor histocompatible loci, the T cells could mount vigorous responses to KLH with antigen‐presenting cells (APC) of either donor or recipient type. The same results were obtained as well with chimeras that had been thymectomized after full reconstitution of lymphoid tissues by donor‐derived cells. A considerable proportion of KLH‐specific T cell hybridomas established from [B10→B10.A(4R)] chimeras exhibited both I‐Ab and I‐Ak restriction specificities. The present findings indicate that the bias to donor Ia type of antigen specific T cells is determined by donor‐derived APC present in the extrathymic environment but that cross‐reactivity to the recipient Ia is influenced to some degree by histocompatibility between donor and recipient mice, even though the histocompatible H‐2D locus and minor histocompatibility loci seem not to be directly involved in the I‐A restricted responses studied herein.
The Nucleotide and Deduced Amino Acid Sequences of EcoRI Fragment Containing the 5′‐Terminal Region of Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin Gene Cloned from Mashike, Iwanai and Otaru Strains
Authors: Fujii Nobuhiro , Kimura Kouichi , Murakami Tadayuki , Indoh Tomokazu , Yashiki Teruo , Tsuzuki Kayo , Yokosawa Noriko , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChromosomal DNAs were extracted from toxigenic three Clostridium botulinum type E strains isolated from food‐borne botulism. After digestion by EcoRI, the fragments were cloned into Escherichia coli by using bacteriophage lambda gtl 1 and screened with monoclonal antibody recognizing the light chain component of botulinum type E toxin. The fragments (about 1 kbp size) cloned from each strain were recloned into a plasmid vector pUC118. The E. coli cells transformed with the recombinant plasmids produced 33 kDa protein with or without IPTG (isopropyl‐β‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside) which reacted with the monoclonal antibody. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned EcoRI fragments from the three type E strains were identical and contain the 5′‐terminal region of the type E toxin gene. It was also found that there exist several highly homologous nucleotide sequences among the botulinum types A, C and E, and tetanus toxin genes in both translated and untranslated regions.
In vitro and in vivo Transferrable β‐Lactam Resistance Due to a New Plasmid‐Mediated Oxyiminocephalosporinase from a Clinical Isolate of Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Watanabe Yuji , Yokota Takeshi , Higashi Yasuyuki , Wakai Yoshimi , Mine Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new plasmid‐mediated β‐lactamase (FPM‐1) with an isoelectric point of 7.2 and a molecular weight of 26,000 was found in a cefuroxime‐resistant clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis strain 6003. FPM‐1 can be classified as a type I oxyiminocephalosporinase on the basis of its substrate specificity and inhibition pattern by clavulanic acid etc., and it conferred resistance on both the strain and transconjugants against most oxyme‐type cephalosporins as well as the older ones but not against cefamycins and a few exceptional oxyme‐type cephalosporins such as ceftizoxime, ceftazidime and cefixime. In a murine systemic infection model, only these FPM‐1‐stable drugs exhibited protective activity against the FPM‐1‐producing P. mirabilis 6003 similar to that against a nonproducing derivative strain. The FPM‐1‐mediated cefuroxime resistance in P. mirabilis 6003 was transferred to co‐infected Escherichia coli 7004 at frequencies between 3.8 × 10−3 and 4.0 × 10−2 in a murine ascending urinary tract infection model. In the same infection model due to the FPM‐1‐producing E. coli transconjugant, FPM‐1‐stable cefixime was significantly more effective than FPM‐1‐labile cefteram pivoxil, although both drugs had similar therapeutic effect against its FPM‐1‐nonproducing counterpart strain.
Detection of Bacillus cereus Flagellar Antigen by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Authors: Murakami Tomonori , Hiraoka Kenji , Mikami Takeshi , Matsumoto Tatsuji , Katagiri Susumu , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA serological typing scheme of Bacillus cereus has been developed by immunochemical analyses of flagellar antigen using an agglutination method. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the classification of flagellar serotype of Bacillus cereus had greater sensitivity, 10–500 times, than that of agglutination method. The specificity of flagellar antigen and antibody was determined by immunogold electron microscopy and ELISA inhibition assay. Application of ELISA is useful for the detection of the small amounts and many kinds of antigen‐antibody reactions.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Produced by a Human T Cell Hybridoma Clone
Authors: Hirose Shin‐ichiro , Ooki Shinji , Higuchi Masahiro , Osawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA human T cell hybridoma clone, F5, producing high levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was established by the emetine‐actinomycin D selection method. This clone produced two species of MIF which were separated on a Phenyl Sepharose column. We purified MIF‐2 (the more hydrophobic species of the two) to homogeneity from the conditioned medium of stimulated F5 cells by a series of steps that included hydrophobic chromatography, ion‐exchange chromatography, Ricinus communis lectin affinity chromatography, and high‐performance liquid chromatography on anion exchange and reverse‐phase columns. Purified MIF was digested with endoproteinase Lys‐C and Asp‐N. The amino acid sequences of the generated peptides were determined. No sequence similarity with any other protein was found. The molecular weight of MIF‐2 was estimated to be 45 kDa from sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of immunoprecipitates with anti‐peptide antibodies. These results show that F5MIF‐2 is a novel cytokine.
Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Spontaneous Respiratory Deficient (res−) Mutants of Escherichia coli K‐12
Authors: Lewis Leslie A. , Li Koibong , Gousse Angelo , Pereira Faria , Pacheco Nancy , Pierre Stella , Kodaman Pinar , Lawson Steve 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRespiratory deficient (res−) mutants of E. coli are slow growing micro‐colonial, anaerobic, catalase and benzidine negative strains whose broad phenotypic alteration may result from pleiotropic mutations in genes of the hemin biosynthetic pathway. They are easily recovered from platings of sensitive cells on concentrations of gentamicin higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration. These mutants show a dramatic change in their biochemical diagnostic profile resulting primarily from deficiencies in the active transport mechanisms of the cell. Using well‐marked F− and Hfr strains, 157 mutants were analyzed from 3 different parent strains; all but 2 resulted from mutations in 3 loci of the hemin biosynthetic pathway. Of these a marked skew to hemB− mutations was seen, with more than 80% mapping there. The possibility that this hot spot resulted from transpositional activity was tested by Southern hybridization of EcoRI digests of the chromosomal DNA, using as a probe, a 2.8‐kb fragment containing the hemB gene. The WT and other hemB+ control strains contained a 14.6‐kb fragment. Of 18 hemB strains tested, 14 showed deletion and insertion mutations which fell into four classes based on the variation in the size of the fragment or on the absence of hybridization. The latter resulted from complete deletion of the hemB gene. An increase in fragment size from 1.5‐kb to 3.4‐kb was observed in some of the strains.
Distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Various Components of Pond Ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sirajul , Alam Md. Jahangir , Khan Sirajul Islam 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a waterborne agent of human gastroenteritis. An ecological study was carried out in five ponds in Dhaka city over a period of one year to elucidate the distribution and seasonality of this organism in various components of pond ecosystems. Samples were collected from hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment every 15 days over 12 months and cultured for P. shigelloides. P. shigelloides was isolated from a total of 120 samples including 25 (20.8%), 16 (13.3%), 22 (18.3%) and 35 (29.2%) of hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment samples, respectively. Distinct seasonal patterns of isolation of P. shigelloides were observed in the four components with two distinct peaks. The highest peaks were observed in hydrophytes and water samples in May and in phytoplankton and sediment in November. P. shigelloides was isolated from all components from all ponds during the study period. These results suggest that P. shigelloides is an autochthonous member in the freshwater pond ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh.