bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung von Sarkopenie für die immunvermittelte Toxizität bei Patienten mit malignem Melanom unter einer Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition
Authors: Holtorf Christian , Mengoni Miriam , Tüting Thomas , Wienke Andreas , Borggrefe Jan , Surov Alexey , Alter Mareike 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sarkopenie ist die Verminderung der Muskelkraft und -masse sowie Einschränkung der Funktion. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob die anhand der Psoasmuskulatur bestimmte prätherapeutische Sarkopenie die therapievermittelte Toxizität bei Patienten mit malignem Melanom unter einer Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition beeinflusst.

Patienten und Methoden
Die Vermessung der Psoasmuskulatur erfolgte prätherapeutisch mithilfe der Computertomographie auf der Höhe des 3. Lendenwirbelkörpers (LWK) bei 75 Patienten zwischen Januar 2011 und Dezember 2020. Die Sarkopenie wurde anhand des Psoasmuskelindex (PMI) definiert. Die immunvermittelte Toxizität wurde retrospektiv ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Bei 33 der 75 Patienten (44 %) wurde eine behandlungsbedingte Toxizität unter Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren registriert. Davon erlitten 16 Patienten (36,2 %) eine dosislimitierende schwere Toxizität (DLT). Eine prätherapeutische Sarkopenie wurde bei 25 Patienten (33,3 %) ermittelt. Die Vergleichsanalyse ergab, dass die Patienten mit einer DLT im Vergleich zu der Patientengruppe ohne DLT niedrigere PMI-Werte aufwiesen (4,65 ± 1,33 vs. 5,79 ± 1,67 cm2m−2, p = 0,015) (OR = 0,60, 95 %-KI: 0,40–0,92, p = 0,02).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die anhand der Psoasmuskulatur gemessene prätherapeutische Sarkopenie ist kein signifikanter Prädiktor für DLT bei Patienten mit malignem Melanom unter einer Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition. Patienten mit einer DLT weisen jedoch im Vergleich zu der Patientengruppe ohne DLT niedrigere Werte für die Psoasmuskelparameter PMI und Gauge auf.
Mineral chemistry of the Geyer SW tin skarn deposit: understanding variable fluid/rock ratios and metal fluxes
Authors: Meyer Nicolas , Burisch Mathias , Gutzmer Jens , Krause Joachim , Scheibert Henning , Markl Gregor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Geyer tin skarn in the Erzgebirge, Germany, comprises an early skarnoid stage (stage I, ~ 320 Ma) and a younger metasomatic stage (stage II, ~ 305 Ma), but yet, the source and distribution of Sn and the physicochemical conditions of skarn alteration were not constrained. Our results illustrate that contact metamorphic skarnoids of stage I contain only little Sn. REE patterns and elevated concentrations of HFSE indicate that garnet, titanite and vesuvianite of stage I formed under rock-buffered conditions (low fluid/rock ratios). Prograde assemblages of stage II, in contrast, contain two generations of stanniferous garnet, titanite-malayaite and vesuvianite. Oscillation between rock-buffered and fluid-buffered conditions are marked by variable concentrations of HFSE, W, In, and Sn in metasomatic garnet. Trace and REE element signatures of minerals formed under high fluid/rock ratios appear to mimic the signature of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid which gave rise to metasomatic skarn alteration. Concomitantly with lower fluid-rock ratio, tin was remobilized from Sn-rich silicates and re-precipitated as malayaite. Ingress of meteoric water and decreasing temperatures towards the end of stage II led to the formation of cassiterite, low-Sn amphibole, chlorite, and sulfide minerals. Minor and trace element compositions of cassiterite do not show much variation, even if host rock and gangue minerals vary significantly, suggesting a predominance of a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid and high fluid/rock ratios. The mineral chemistry of major skarn-forming minerals, hence, records the change in the fluid/rock ratio, and the arrival, distribution, and remobilization of tin by magmatic fluids in polyphase tin skarn systems.
Unraveling the complexity of glycosphingolipidome: the key role of mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of glycosphingolipids
Authors: Hořejší Karel , Holčapek Michal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlycosphingolipids (GSL) are a highly heterogeneous class of lipids representing the majority of the sphingolipid category. GSL are fundamental constituents of cellular membranes that have key roles in various biological processes, such as cellular signaling, recognition, and adhesion. Understanding the structural complexity of GSL is pivotal for unraveling their functional significance in a biological context, specifically their crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a versatile and indispensable tool for the structural elucidation of GSL enabling a deeper understanding of their complex molecular structures and their key roles in cellular dynamics and patholophysiology. Here, we provide a thorough overview of MS techniques tailored for the analysis of GSL, emphasizing their utility in probing GSL intricate structures to advance our understanding of the functional relevance of GSL in health and disease. The application of tandem MS using diverse fragmentation techniques, including novel ion activation methodologies, in studying glycan sequences, linkage positions, and fatty acid composition is extensively discussed. Finally, we address current challenges, such as the detection of low-abundance species and the interpretation of complex spectra, and offer insights into potential solutions and future directions by improving MS instrumentation for enhanced sensitivity and resolution, developing novel ionization techniques, or integrating MS with other analytical approaches for comprehensive GSL characterization.
Identifying the primary tumour in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) using [18F]FDG PET/CT: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Willemse Jeroen R. J. , Lambregts Doenja M. J. , Balduzzi Sara , Schats Winnie , Snaebjornsson Petur , Marchetti Serena , Vollebergh Marieke A. , van Golen Larissa W. , Cheung Zing , Vogel Wouter V. , Bodalal Zuhir , Rostami Sajjad , Gerke Oke , Sivakumaran Tharani , Beets-Tan Regina G.H. , Lahaye Max J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In this systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, we analysed the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT in detecting primary tumours in patients with CUP and evaluated whether the location of the predominant metastatic site influences the diagnostic performance.

Methods
A systematic literature search from January 2005 to February 2024 was performed to identify articles describing the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT for primary tumour detection in CUP. Individual patient data retrieved from original articles or obtained from corresponding authors were grouped by the predominant metastatic site. The diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT in detecting the underlying primary tumour was compared between predominant metastatic sites.

Results
A total of 1865 patients from 32 studies were included. The largest subgroup included patients with predominant bone metastases (n = 622), followed by liver (n = 369), lymph node (n = 358), brain (n = 316), peritoneal (n = 70), lung (n = 67), and soft tissue (n = 23) metastases, leaving a small group of other/undefined metastases (n = 40). [18F]FDG PET/CT resulted in pooled detection rates to identify the primary tumour of 0.74 (for patients with predominant brain metastases), 0.54 (liver-predominant), 0.49 (bone-predominant), 0.46 (lung-predominant), 0.38 (peritoneal-predominant), 0.37 (lymph node-predominant), and 0.35 (soft-tissue-predominant).

Conclusion
This individual patient data meta-analysis suggests that the ability of [18F]FDG PET/CT to identify the primary tumour in CUP depends on the distribution of metastatic sites. This finding emphasises the need for more tailored diagnostic approaches in different patient populations. In addition, alternative diagnostic tools, such as new PET tracers or whole-body (PET/)MRI, should be investigated.
Breast radiation dose with contrast-enhanced mammography-guided biopsy: a retrospective comparison with stereotactic and tomosynthesis guidance
Authors: Alcantara Rodrigo , Azcona Javier , Pitarch Mireia , Arenas Natalia , Castells Xavier , Milioni Pablo , Iotti Valentina , Besutti Giulia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This retrospective study aimed to compare the average glandular dose (AGD) per acquisition in breast biopsies guided by contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), conventional stereotactic breast biopsy (SBB), and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The study also investigated the influence of compressed breast thickness (CBT) and density on AGD. Furthermore, the study aimed to estimate the AGD per procedure for each guidance modality.

Methods
The study included 163 female patients (mean age 57 ± 10 years) who underwent mammography-guided biopsies using SBB (9%), DBT (65%), or CEM (26%) guidance. AGD and CBT data were extracted from DICOM headers, and breast density was visually assessed. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-tests and descriptive statistics.

Results
Mean AGD per acquisition varied slightly among CEM (1.48 ± 0.22 mGy), SBB (1.49 ± 0.40 mGy), and DBT (1.55 ± 0.47 mGy), with CEM presenting higher AGD at lower CBTs and less dose escalation at higher CBTs. For CBT > 55 mm, CEM showed reduced AGD compared to SBB and DBT (p < 0.001). Breast density had minimal impact on AGD, except for category A. The estimated AGD per procedure was approximately 11.84 mGy for CEM, 11.92 mGy for SBB, and 6.2 mGy for DBT.

Conclusion
The study found mean AGD per acquisition to be similar for CEM and SBB, with DBT slightly higher. CEM demonstrated higher AGD at lower CBT but lower AGD at higher CBT, indicating reduced dose escalation with increasing thickness. While breast density had minimal overall impact, variations were noted in category A. DBT was more dose-efficient per procedure due to fewer acquisitions required.

Clinical relevance statement
CEM guidance provides effective lesion visualization within safe radiation limits, improving the precision of percutaneous image-guided breast interventions and supporting its potential consideration in a wider range of breast diagnostic procedures.

Key Points

Limited data exist on the AGD using CEM guidance for breast biopsies.

CEM and SBB exhibit similar AGD per acquisition; DBT demonstrated the lowest AGD per procedure.

Radiation from CEM guidance fits within safe limits for percutaneous image-guided breast interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA): a genetic resource for vertebrate animals
Authors: Tammen Imke , Mather Marius , Leeb Tosso , Nicholas Frank W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOnline Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) is a freely available curated knowledgebase that contains information and facilitates research on inherited traits and diseases in animals. For the past 29 years, OMIA has been used by animal geneticists, breeders, and veterinarians worldwide as a definitive source of information. Recent increases in curation capacity and funding for software engineering support have resulted in software upgrades and commencement of several initiatives, which include the enhancement of variant information and links to human data resources, and the introduction of ontology-based breed information and categories. We provide an overview of current information and recent enhancements to OMIA and discuss how we are expanding the integration of OMIA into other resources and databases via the use of ontologies and the adaptation of tools used in human genetics.
Comparison of juvenile coral assemblages between Australia’s Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef Marine Parks
Authors: Burn Deborah , Hoey Andrew S. , Pisapia Chiara , Chandler Josie F. , Thompson Cassandra A. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDensities of juvenile corals (≤ 50 mm diameter) are expected to vary between geographically isolated and more spatially proximate reefs, and may constrain local recovery potential. This study compared juvenile coral densities and their relationships with local abundance of adult congenerics at geographically isolated reefs within Australia’s Coral Sea Marine Park (CSMP) versus highly connected reefs within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). Three latitudinal regions and two habitats (reef crest and slope) were examined within both marine parks to test for spatial variation. Densities of juvenile corals in the CSMP (13.99 ± 0.72 juveniles 10 m−2) were significantly lower compared to those in the GBRMP (23.72 ± 1.86 juveniles 10 m−2). Specifically, there were significantly less Acropora and Pocillopora juveniles on the reef crest in the central CSMP compared to the GBRMP. Relationships between juvenile abundance and percent coral cover were greatest for Acropora and Pocillopora in the GBRMP. This may be due to the low range of coral cover estimates recorded in the CSMP, especially for Acropora (0–15%). Low juvenile coral abundance, and in particular, the lack of fast-growing juvenile corals (e.g., Acropora) in the Central CSMP, in combination with low cover of broodstock (particularly Acropora) on CSMP reefs, poses a significant constraint on post-disturbance recovery capacity, possibly attributable to isolation and limited connectivity among reefs in this region.
The dynamic response of a pressure transducer for measurements in water
Authors: Jentzsch M. , Lechner W. , Woszidlo R. , Nayeri C. N. , Paschereit C. O. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDynamic pressure measurements are indispensable in the field of fluid mechanics. Attaching tubing as a transmission line to the pressure transducer is often unavoidable but significantly reduces the usable bandwidth of the measurement system. Complex fluid-wall interactions and potential outgassing of air are present within systems with water-filled tubes. Comprehensive studies aiding researchers in selecting suitable transmission line parameters (i.e., material, length, and diameter) are not available. A simple calibration apparatus is designed for the frequency response characterization of multiple pressure transducers simultaneously applying a pressure step. The setup is thoroughly characterized and a detailed description is provided to optimize the bandwidth. A piezoresistive pressure transducer attached to water-filled tubes, as commonly used in hydrodynamic experiments, is characterized in the low-frequency range (i.e., $$f \le {300}$$

f
≤
300

Hz). Tube-related effects, such as length, diameter, and material are investigated. The impact of entrapped air within the tubing is analyzed. The feasibility of substituting water with silicone oil to fill the tubes is explored. To optimize the usable bandwidth of the pressure measurement system for dynamic applications, it is essential to maintain short tubing that is as rigid as possible and free from entrapped air. Pressure wave propagation speed is reduced by two orders of magnitude in elastic transmission lines made of silicone. Pressure corrections through dynamic calibration are challenging due to the system’s sensitivity to various parameters affecting the dynamic response.
The discontinuous strain method: accurately representing fatigue and failure
Authors: Herrmann Leon , Daneshyar Alireza , Kollmannsberger Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFatigue simulation requires accurate modeling of unloading and reloading. However, classical ductile damage models treat deformations after complete failure as irrecoverable—which leads to unphysical behavior during unloading. This unphysical behavior stems from the continued accumulation of plastic strains after failure, resulting in an incorrect stress state at crack closure. As a remedy, we introduce adiscontinuous strainin the additive elasto-plastic strain decomposition, which absorbs the excess strain after failure. This allows representing pre- and post-cracking regimes in a fully continuous setting, wherein the transition from the elasto-plastic response to cracking can be triggered at any arbitrary stage in a completely smooth manner. Moreover, the presented methodology does not exhibit the spurious energy release observed in hybrid approaches. In addition, our approach guarantees mesh-independent results by relying on a characteristic length scale—based on the discretization’s resolution. We name this new methodology thediscontinuous strain method. The proposed approach requires only minor modifications of conventional plastic-damage routines. To convey the method in a didactic manner, the algorithmic modifications are first discussed for one- and subsequently for two-/three-dimensional implementations. Using a simple ductile constitutive model, the discontinuous strain method is validated against established two-dimensional benchmarks. The method is, however, independent of the employed constitutive model. Elastic, plastic, and damage models may thus be chosen arbitrarily. Furthermore, computational efforts associated with the method are minimal, rendering it advantageous for accurately representing low-cycle fatigue but potentially also for other scenarios requiring a discontinuity representation within a plastic-damage framework. An open-source implementation is provided to make the proposed method accessible.
Effects of individual characteristics and local body functions on sweating response: A review
Authors: Niu Zhuoxi , Goto Tomonobu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we conducted a literature review to deepen our understanding of the sweating response of the thermoregulatory system, focusing on the influence of individual characteristics and local body functions. Among the factors related to individual characteristics, improvement in aerobic fitness had a positive effect on the sweating response, whereas aging exerted an inhibitory effect. Short-term artificial acclimation and seasonal heat acclimatization promoted sweating, whereas long-term geographical acclimatization suppressed sweating. Male exhibited higher sweat rates than female when the metabolic heat production was high. Individuals with smaller surface area-to-mass ratios tended to have higher sweat rates than those with larger ratios. Regarding local body functions, sweat distribution in the resting state showed high regional sweat rates in the lower limbs and torso, with higher values in the lower limbs when in the supine position and higher values in the torso when in the seated position. During exercise, the regional sweat rates was high in the torso, whereas the limbs exhibited relatively low sweat rates. These differences in sweat distribution stem from the thermoregulatory potential of each body region, which aims to efficiently regulate body temperature. Local effects have only been examined in the thigh and forearm, with temperature coefficient Q10 ranging from 2 to 5. Only the forehead showed significantly high thermosensitivity among all body regions.
Update Merkel-Zell-Karzinom
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Stang Andreas , Schrama David , Gutzmer Ralf , Ugurel Selma 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Merkel-Zell-Karzinom (MCC) ist ein seltener Hautkrebs mit neuroendokriner Differenzierung. Pathogenetisch liegt entweder die Integration des Merkel-Zell-Polyomavirus oder eine UV-Schädigung der Zellen zugrunde. Dadurch kommt es durch die Expression von viralen Proteinen oder Neoantigenen zu einer hohen Immunogenität der Tumorzellen.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Überblick über das aktuelle Vorgehen beim MCC

Material und Methoden
Literatursuche und eigene Erfahrungen

Ergebnisse
Obwohl das MCC für das Immunsystem potenziell erkennbar ist, ist das Wachstum häufig aggressiv mit hohem Metastasierungspotenzial. Die Datenlage zum Spontanverlauf des MCC ist allerdings gering, da der Tumor insgesamt selten ist und detaillierte klinische Registerdaten fehlen. Im inoperabel metastasierten Stadium kamen in der Vergangenheit häufig zytotoxische Chemotherapien zum Einsatz; das Ansprechen war hier nur kurzzeitig, die mediane Ansprechdauer lag bei nur 3 Monaten. Auf der Basis der potenziellen Immunogenität des MCC wurden Checkpointinhibitoren getestet und haben in prospektiven Studien eine Wirksamkeit mit einem langdauernden Ansprechen in zumindest einer Untergruppe der Patienten gezeigt. Zu den vier getesteten PD-1/PD-L1-Immuncheckpointinhibitoren gehören Avelumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab und Retifanlimab. Aufgrund der Seltenheit des MCC handelt es sich hierbei jedoch um einarmige Studien, randomisierte Studien mit dem Vergleich verschiedener Systemtherapien liegen nicht vor. Im Falle von primären oder sekundären Resistenzen auf eine Checkpointblockade in der fortgeschrittenen Situation gibt es bislang wenig Erfahrung zum weiteren Vorgehen. In der adjuvanten Situation war eine Nivolumabtherapie einer Beobachtung (Referenzarm) überlegen. Für die neoadjuvante Situation gibt es erst wenige Daten, kontrollierte Studien sind hier in Arbeit.

Diskussion
Das MCC ist ein hochaggressiver Tumor. Im fortgeschrittenen Stadium ist die PD-1/PD-L1-gerichtete Checkpointblockade die Standardtherapie. Erste positive Daten legen auch einen Einsatz in der adjuvanten und neoadjuvanten Situation nahe, was weiter in Studien untersucht werden muss.
Exploring the Role of Distress Tolerance and Neuroticism in Internet Gaming Disorder Among USA Young Adult Daily Gamers
Authors: Hatwan Mason L. , Boyd Elizabeth , Swaminath Surabhi , Mojallal Mahsa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInternet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a significant mental health concern. This cross-sectional study tested the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment on distress tolerance, neuroticism, and IGD symptoms in a sample of 475 young adult daily gamers (ages 18–25). We hypothesized the direct effects of childhood maltreatment on distress tolerance and IGD symptoms and an indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on IGD symptoms via distress tolerance. Significant direct effects from trait neuroticism to IGD symptoms were expected; trait neuroticism was hypothesized to strengthen the relationship between distress tolerance and IGD symptoms. No paths were freed post hoc. The results supported all hypothesized direct effects except neuroticism on IGD; the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment via distress tolerance was also supported. As expected, the effect of distress tolerance on IGD symptoms was moderated by neuroticism, particularly at low and average levels of neuroticism. The manuscript discusses our findings in greater detail, and treatment recommendations are offered.