bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Forgotten Flap: The Pedicled Trapezius Flap's Utility in Pediatric Head and Neck Reconstruction—A Systematic Review
Authors: Moshal Tayla , Lasky Sasha , Roohani Idean , Jolibois Marah I. , Manasyan Artur , Munabi Naikhoba C.O. , Fahradyan Artur , Lee Jessica A. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background When free tissue transfer is precluded or undesired, the pedicled trapezius flap is a viable alternative for adults requiring complex head and neck (H&N) defect reconstruction. However, the application of this flap in pediatric reconstruction is underexplored. This systematic review aimed to describe the use of the pedicled trapezius flap and investigate its efficacy in pediatric H&N reconstruction.
Methods A systematic review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles describing the trapezius flap for H&N reconstruction in pediatric patients were included. Patient demographics, surgical indications, wound characteristics, flap characteristics, complications, and functional outcomes were abstracted.
Results A systematic review identified 22 articles for inclusion. Studies mainly consisted of case reports (n = 11) and case series (n = 8). In total, 67 pedicled trapezius flaps were successfully performed for H&N reconstruction in 63 patients. The most common surgical indications included burn scar contractures (n = 46, 73.0%) and chronic wounds secondary to H&N masses (n = 9, 14.3%). Defects were most commonly located in the neck (n = 28, 41.8%). The mean flap area and arc of rotation were 326.4 ± 241.7 cm2 and 157.6 ± 33.2 degrees, respectively. Most flaps were myocutaneous (n = 48, 71.6%) and based on the dorsal scapular artery (n = 32, 47.8%). Complications occurred in 10 (14.9%) flaps. The flap's survival rate was 100% (n = 67). No instances of functional donor site morbidity were reported. The mean follow-up was 2.2 ± 1.8 years.
Conclusion This systematic review demonstrated the reliability of the pedicled trapezius flap in pediatric H&N reconstruction, with a low complication rate, no reports of functional donor site morbidity, and a 100% flap survival rate. The flap's substantial surface area, bulk, and arc of rotation contribute to its efficacy in covering soft tissue defects ranging from the proximal neck to the vertex of the scalp. The pedicled trapezius flap is a viable option for pediatric H&N reconstruction.
Treatment Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers: Single Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Pathi Nikhil , Rajappa Senthil J. , Ayyagari Santa , Mohan M V. T. Krishna , Kumar Pavan , Pinninti Rakesh , Ladda Pallavi , Kandem Sanath , Tewani Rohan , Shah Kinjal , Bajaj Kripa , Krishnaiah Sree Rama , Gandrala Divya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), particularly gallbladder cancers (GBCs), are prevalent in India. Yet there are limited data on treatment outcomes. To bridge this gap, we performed an analysis of advanced BTC treatment outcomes at our institute, seeking to offer insights into real-world scenario.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study comprising advanced BTC patients treated at our institute from January 2015 to March 2023. We assessed demographics, treatment approaches, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and associated toxicities.
Results Of the 411 patients analyzed, the majority were GBC (67.3%, n = 277), while the rest were cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (32.6%, n = 134). The median age of study population was 56 years. Palliative chemotherapy was administered in 85% (n = 349) of all patients. Gemcitabine–cisplatin doublet was the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen (80.2%, n = 280). Platinum doublets yielded higher response rates compared with single-agent/nonplatinum chemotherapy (60 vs. 30%, n = 133). The median PFS was 4 months. The median OS was 8 months with platinum doublets and 5 months with single-agent/nonplatinum chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.60, 95% confidence interval: [CI] 0.43–0.84, p = 0.0001). OS was no different based on the type of platinum agent used. Patients receiving multiple lines of treatment lived longer compared with those who received single line only (14 vs. 6 months, respectively, HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.28–0.45, p < 0.0001). Significant prognostic factors for OS were treatment with chemotherapy, platinum doublets, platinum exposure in first line, and treatment beyond first line. Grade 3 or 4 adverse effects seen were anemia (13.9%, n = 36), vomiting (4.2%, n = 11), diarrhea (3.4%, n = 9), thrombocytopenia (3.4%, n = 9), and febrile neutropenia (3.1%, n = 8).
Conclusion This analysis confirms that chemotherapy is beneficial for advanced BTC. Platinum-based doublets are more effective than single agents. There is no significant difference between cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Patients who received multiple lines of treatment had better OS.
End-of-Life and Hospice Care in Neurologic Diseases
Authors: Chou Claudia Z. , Everett Elyse A. , McFarlin Jessica , Ramanathan Usha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe care of a patient with neurologic disease at end-of-life requires expertise in addressing advance care planning, hospice, symptom management, and caregiver support. Neurologists caring for patients with advanced neurologic disease often identify changes in disease trajectory, functional status, or goals of care that prompt discussions of advance care planning and hospice. Patients nearing end-of-life may develop symptoms such as dyspnea, secretions, delirium, pain, and seizures. Neurologists may be the primary clinicians managing these symptoms, particularly in the hospitalized patient, though they may also lend their expertise to non-neurologists about expected disease trajectories and symptoms in advanced neurologic disease. This article aims to help neurologists guide patients and caregivers through the end-of-life process by focusing on general knowledge that can be applied across diseases as well as specific considerations in severe stroke and traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and dementia.
Update on Rehabilitation Strategies for Swimmers' Shoulder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dcosta Selena , Nair Aishwarya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSwimmers' shoulder is one of the common overuse injuries having multifactorial causes with a gradual onset. Swimmers' experience pain in the pull-through phase, during the mid-stroke wherein the arm is maximally internally rotated and adducted. This occurs due to a significant amount of force generated by the pectorals, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, serratus anterior, rhomboids, and supraspinatus for this movement. The repetitive use of shoulder muscles during the swim strokes predisposes it to overuse injuries among which shoulder impingement is common. It hinders participation of athletes in competitive events and reduces the efficiency of the swim performance. This review aims to provide a consolidated overview and identify various rehabilitation strategies and exercise programs for swimmers' shoulder. A thorough search was done on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Clinical Key to find relevant articles in relation to the rehabilitation strategies available for swimmers' shoulder. Overall, this review suggests that aquatic concentric-eccentric exercise, Kinesio taping, land-based strengthening exercises, and rhythmic stabilization exercises significantly improve pain and functional activity in individuals with swimmers' shoulder.
Utility of F18-FDG PET/CT in the Evaluation of Pituitary Uptake
Authors: Stanly Adersh , Sunny Saumya Sara , Benjamin Justin , Asha Hesarghatta Shyamasunde , Mathew David , John Junita Rachel , Hephzibah Julie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Pituitary adenoma is the most common disease that affects the gland and may be classified as functional/nonsecretory tumors. Inflammatory/infective causes may also affect the pituitary gland. The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F18-FDG PET/CT) may have an incremental value in assessing these lesions and in determining their clinical significance.
Aim This article assesses the utility of F18-FDG PET/CT in detecting and determining clinical profile of pituitary lesions with abnormal uptake.
Methodology Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent F18-FDG PET/CT from January 2015 to January 2023 was done. Those with abnormal pituitary uptake (standardized uptake value [SUV] > 2.5) were included in the study. SUV value along with relevant anatomical details, biochemical parameters, histopathological details, and follow-up imaging were analyzed.
Results Among 15,085 studies, a total of 36 patients (21 males/15 females, average age 47.36 years, range: 17–75 years) with pituitary uptake (0.23%) were included. Out of 36 patients, causes are primary pituitary tumor (21/36, 58%), tubercular hypophysitis (3/36, 8%), lymphocytic hypophysitis (2/36, 6%), lymphomatous involvement (2/36, 6%), autoimmune hypophysitis (1/36, 3%), questionable significance/incidental (4/36, 11%), and metastasis (3/36, 8%)—one each from neuroendocrine tumor ileum, chondrosarcoma, and adenocarcinoma lung. There was no difference in the SUV range between the different etiologies.Among 21 patients with pituitary tumor, biochemical evaluation was done in 19 patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up and did not have biochemical evaluation. Among them, 8 underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal radical excision and 1 patient had PET-CT-guided stereotactic radiosurgery alone. In another 8 patients who had prior endoscopic transsphenoidal radical excision, uptake was noted as residual lesion on PET-CT. Of them, 3 underwent subtotal excision and 5 had PET-CT-guided stereotactic radiosurgery. Biopsy was done in 14 patients, of which 11 were macroadenoma and 3 were microadenoma. Overall, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was performed in 22 of them and the findings were concordant with F18-FDG PET/CT.
Conclusion F18-FDG PET/CT is a useful modality in the evaluation of pituitary uptake. It has an incremental value along with MRI brain and biochemical parameters and is useful for follow-up. Due to its high diagnostic accuracy, it is particularly useful in those with suspected residual/recurrent adenomas.
Building sustainable slow communities: the impact of built environments on leisure-time physical activities in Shanghai
Authors: Zhong Qikang , Li Bo , Dong Tian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn today’s world, creating safe, comfortable, and beautiful slow communities has become an urgent research topic for addressing energy crises, environmental pollution, and traffic congestion. This study explored the relationship between the built environment and residents’ leisure-time physical activities in slow communities in Shanghai. This study uses the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method to construct a new evaluation model to explore the sustainability mechanism. The results of the study are as follows. First, women participated in walking, jogging, and bicycling activities at a higher rate than men. Second, various leisure-time physical activities have different requirements for the built environment. Third, the built environment of slow communities in Shanghai shows a “pyramid” type of spatial stratification phenomenon. This study contributes to a new evaluation system and optimization model for promoting leisure-time physical activities, providing theoretical and methodological guidance for constructing livable slow communities in developing countries and promoting slow living.
The poverty trap: a grounded theory on the price of survival for the urban poor in Mexico
Authors: Turnbull Bernardo , Gordon Sarah Frances , Ojeda-García Angélica , Fuentes-Balderrama Jaime , Cruz del Castillo Cinthia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeople living in poverty inhabit the outskirts of Mexican cities. They struggle and survive but cannot overcome poverty. The present article seeks to understand how the survival tactics of the urban poor keep them in poverty and, with this understanding, inform future interventions. A study based on qualitative grounded theory was conducted in 10 impoverished neighbourhoods in three main regions and cities in Mexico. Observational accounts and in-depth individual and group interviews were conducted with diverse social actors for 115 participants (75 women and 40 men) aged between 12 and 76 years. The data were analysed using an interpretative thematic analysis. Research findings revealed that the urban poor tackle adversities, such as a lack of basic services, health, education, environment, and nutrition. The strength, patience, and hard work employed by these individuals to survive were evident, but their actions to tackle these threats were costly. Ultimately, the urban poor remain in a cycle of poverty, or poverty traps. Interventions to fight poverty, improve life conditions, and general development must include integrated and participatory plans that consider the knowledge and strengths of the urban poor.
A neural network-based four-body potential energy surface for parahydrogen
Authors: Ibrahim Alexander , Roy Pierre-Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

We present an isotropic ab initio (para−H2)4 four-body interaction potential energy surface (PES). The electronic structure calculations are performed at the correlated coupled-cluster theory level, with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations. They use an atom-centered augmented correlation-consistent double zeta basis set, supplemented by a (3s3p2d) midbond function. We use a multilayer perceptron to construct the PES. We apply a rescaling transformation to the output energies during training to improve the prediction of weaker energies in the sample data. At long distances, the interaction energies are adjusted to match the empirically derived four-body dispersion interaction. The four-body interaction energy at short intermolecular separations is net repulsive. The use of this four-body PES, in combination with a first principles pair potential for para−H2 [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 12551 (2015)] and an isotropic ab initio three-body potential for para−H2 [J. Chem. Phys. 156, 044301 (2022)], is expected to provide closer agreement with experimental results.
Implementing translanguaging strategies in the English writing classroom in higher education
Authors: Tang Xin , Rousse-Malpat Audrey , Duarte Joana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, translanguaging has become a powerful concept in applied linguistics, enabling teachers
and students to respond to linguistic and cultural diversity in the classroom. However, how teachers and students prepare for
translanguaging pedagogy and practice in writing has so far received less attention (Huang
& Chalmers, 2023). Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the application of translanguaging strategies in
the English as a Foreign/Second Language (EFL/ESL) writing classroom. Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, this
study searched five databases to obtain articles spanning from 2013 to 2023. We reviewed 23 articles focusing on translanguaging,
writing and higher education. Our results show that (1) most studies were conducted in North America and Northern Asia, with
qualitative studies being predominant; (2) most researchers implemented translanguaging interventions in the EFL/ESL classroom to
study the impact of translanguaging on students’ English writing skills; (3) students applied translanguaging strategies during
the writing process to communicate with others on content and vocabulary; (4) translanguaging strategies provided teachers with
diverse perspectives and enhanced students’ various skills; (5) the use of digital resources and different types of activities
contributed to the application of translanguaging in the writing classroom, but students’ limited language skills in their L2 but
also in their L1, and their uncertainty about their linguistic identity limited implementation of translanguaging in the English
writing classroom. This systematic review points towards the need for educators to consider the various factors, functions and
applications of the use of translanguaging strategies in English writing classrooms.
Dynamics of Carrollian scalar fields
Authors: Ciambelli Luca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Adopting an intrinsic Carrollian viewpoint, we show that the generic Carrollian scalar field action is a combination of electric and magnetic actions, found in the literature by taking the Carrollian limit of the relativistic scalar field. This leads to non-trivial dynamics: even a single particle with non-vanishing energy can move in Carrollian physics.
Reconstructing the metric in group field theory
Authors: Gielen Steffen , Mickel Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study a group field theory (GFT) for quantum gravity coupled to four massless scalar fields, using these matter fields to define a (relational) coordinate system. We exploit symmetries of the GFT action, in particular under shifts in the values of the scalar fields, to derive a set of classically conserved currents, and show that the same conservation laws hold exactly at the quantum level regardless of the choice of state. We propose a natural interpretation of the conserved currents which implies that the matter fields always satisfy the Klein–Gordon equation in GFT. We then observe that in our matter reference frame, the same conserved currents can be used to extract all components of an effective GFT spacetime metric. Finally, we apply this construction to the simple example of a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic Universe, where we derive an effective Friedmann equation directly from this metric. The Friedmann equation displays a bounce and a late-time limit equivalent to general relativity with a single scalar field. Our proposal goes substantially beyond the GFT literature in which only specific geometric quantities such as the total volume or volume perturbations could be defined, opening up the possibility to study more general geometries as emerging from GFT.
TCAD simulation of germanium-based heterostructure solar cell employing molybdenum oxide as a hole-selective layer
Authors: Mehmood Haris , Nasser Hisham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum Oxide (MoO
x
) has been used as a hole-extraction film for photovoltaic (PV) applications; however, its interaction with Germanium (Ge)-based solar cells is less understood. For the first time, this paper aims to physically model the Ge solar cell that incorporates MoO
x
for hole transportation at the front side of the PV device facing the sunlight. However, the charge transportation process within the PV device is influenced by several design parameters that need optimization. A higher work function of MoO
x
increases the barrier height against minority carriers of electrons which is beneficial for extricating holes at the front interface of MoO
x
/Ge. A progressive reduction in the recombination of charge carriers has been observed by including a passivation layer of amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H). Similarly, inserting a passivation and back surface field (BSF) stack of i-a-Si:H strengthens the electric field and likewise reduces the recombination at the rear side of the device. An enhanced doping concentration of BSF assists in the favorable alignment of energy bands for improved charge transportation within the solar cell as the rear passivation maintains the field strength for accelerated movement of charge carriers. However, optimizing the thickness of the front-passivation film is challenging due to the parasitic absorption of light at larger thicknesses. A comparative study with the reference device revealed that the proposed device exhibited a step-increase in the conversion efficiency (η) from 4.23% to 13.10%, with a higher J
sc of 46.4 mA cm−2, V
oc of 383 mV, and FF of 74%. The proposed study is anticipated to meet the research gap in the physical device modelling of Ge-based solar cells employing high work function MoO
x
as a carrier-selective layer that could be conducive to the development of highly efficient multijunction solar cells.
Mastering the art of designing mechanical metamaterials with quasi-zero stiffness for passive vibration isolation: a review
Authors: Hamzehei Ramin , Bodaghi Mahdi , Wu Nan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This review serves as a comprehensive design strategy for designing quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) mechanical metamaterials (MMs). It discusses their underlying deformation mechanisms that enable the attainment of QZS behavior under both compressive and tensile loadings. While the QZS characteristic of metamaterials has garnered considerable attention, further research is essential to unlock their potential fully. Numerous QZS metamaterials have been meticulously reviewed. They comprise various elements and mechanisms, including positive and negative stiffness elements (PS and NS), PS elements with variable stiffness, bending mechanisms employing stiff joints/areas, buckling, buckling-rotating, and bending/buckling deformation mechanisms leading to a QZS feature. Furthermore, the capability of multi-material, adaptive, smart metamaterials, origami (bending around the hinge of the folded joints), and kirigami lattices (out-of-plane buckling via cutting patterns) are weighted. These diverse mechanisms contribute to achieving QZS behavior in metamaterials under both compression and tension loads, which is paramount for various mechanical applications such as passive vibration isolation. This review effectively categorizes QZS metamaterials based on their underlying mechanisms, providing scholars with valuable insights to identify suitable mechanisms for the desired QZS feature.
Magnetically-responsive microwall arrays with path-guide for directional transportation of droplets
Authors: Kwon Soyeon , Kim Jihun , Do Yoobin , Kwon Hyeokbae , Kwon Soungmin , Lee Hyun-Taek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research provides a comprehensive exploration of the development and characterization of magnetically responsive microwall arrays (MRMAs), presenting a novel approach to precise droplet manipulation. The proposed fabrication process involves microscale wall arrays created using carbonyl iron particles embedded in polydimethylsiloxane through a replica molding process. The MRMAs demonstrate a unique response to magnetic fields, enabling precise control over droplet movement. Through superhydrophobic coatings and meticulously adjusted magnetic fields, the system facilitates the efficient movement of droplets along predefined routes, achieving outstanding accuracy in droplet directionality and positioning. The experiments highlight the capability of MRMAs to merge differently colored droplets, underscoring their potential in long-distance droplet transportation. The results suggest applications in microfluidic systems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and targeted drug delivery, marking a significant advancement in microfluidic research.