bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the in Vitro Propagation of Bauhinia Spp
Authors: Teixeira Da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Bauhinia species (including B. acuminata, B. variegata, B. purpurea, B. monandra, B. galpinii, B. blakeana and B. acuminata) are popular ornamental plants, usually woody ornamentals or herbaceous lianas, with attractive flowers typical of the Leguminosae of arid, temperate, sub-tropical and tropical zones. Bauhinia species also serve as fodder and many have multiple medicinal and biological properties. There is an interest in commerce and amongst collectors to clonally propagate species from this genus. This review highlights protocols that currently exist for the in vitro culture of Bauhinia species as a means to clonally propagate material.
Means of Communication
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Marx, famously, ”placed Hegel on his feet” by arguing the primacy of economic and material processes over the spiritual and intellectual. In his analysis, the world advanced, dialectically, through growing contradictions between means of production and relations of production (property relations), mediated by recurrent class struggles. Although material scarcity is by no means absent from the contemporary world, an important scarce resource analysed well by Hegel and largely neglected by Marx, and which is essential today, is self-esteem, including the right to define oneself. Using examples from identity politics in a number of countries, I am trying to show that a democratisation of the means of communication may be a key to a less volatile world and an important dimension of a more equitable world society.
Mobilizing for Global AIDS Treatment
Authors: Richey Lisa Ann 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Global communication about HIV/AIDS requires the creation of new communities that can bridge distances and distinctions of nationality, language, class, race, gendered-identities and other forms of local identification on a disease that is associated with the realm usually understood as private (sexuality). Global AIDS, characterized as ‘the disease of our time’, is responsible for spawning an entire industry devoted to the prevention, detection, treatment, and potential cure of HIV/AIDS. In terms of scale, this industry works primarily cross-nationally, with donors from the North funding programs for AIDS prevention and care in the South. Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), typically produced as generics by manufacturers in India or South Africa and purchased by aid funding, are central to global AIDS programs. Yet, mobilizing for global AIDS treatment embodies the logic of marketing, in which Africans with AIDS are sold as lives to be saved. This article will draw from international relations theory, sociology and anthropology to offer an interdisciplinary perspective on mobilizing communication globally.
The Potential of Foreign News as International Development Communication
Authors: Mody Bella 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article investigates what the news says about inequity-driven civil wars and economic underdevelopment. Dewey argued that the lack of causal knowledge that distinguishes between symptoms and root causes would limit potential effective and transformative public action. Political scientists have demonstrated that increases in just the number of news stories about a foreign country in both US print and TV news in one year produced a clearly significant relationship to increases in commitments of US foreign aid the following year. This study of reporting on a 2003-2005 African crisis by ten news organizations over 26 months found few articles predominantly focused on causes against conditions on the ground or remedies. It raises questions about the conditions under which news organizations might be expected to provide causal knowledge and when such information can lead to more enlightened long term aid for national transformation.
Public Sector Software, Participatory Communications and Social Change
Authors: Pradip Ninan Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article explores the role played by public sector software (PSS) in social change in India. Viewing public sector software as a public good, it explores its potential as well as the challenges that it faces in a context in which proprietoral software is an established and dominant force. Using both theory and examples, it argues that state investment in this public good makes infinite sense in the context of e-governance and commitments to access and affordable use of information resources for all its citizens. Based on the principles of Free Open Source Software (FOSS), PSS offers not only possibilities of access but also adaptation and use by a variety of ‘recursive publics’. Using the example of PSS in the Southern Indian state of Kerala, it offers insights into the practical benefits of software deployed for the common good.
Teaching and Learning Communication Process as Community-based Transdisciplinary Inquiry
Authors: Odame Helen Hambly , Oram Natalie 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article discusses experiences in teaching and learning communication processes oriented towards social change and development, specifically, using the approach known as community service learning (CSL). The relevance of CSL is that it mobilizes university students as communicators and seeks to develop global consciousness through transdisciplinary inquiry with local communities. Using the case of an undergraduate course at the University of Guelph (Canada) involving 33 CSL individual and team projects, this article reinforces the importance of experiential learning for teaching and learning communication process. In light of policy-level calls for the reform of higher education to meet social change and development needs, CSL provides an interesting opportunity, but it also encounters distinct challenges within our academic institutions and for those of us who teach and mentor university students.
Global Survival
Authors: Hamelink Cees J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Confronted with serious challenges to human survival, communication should be mobilized to rescue the planet’s future. This requires the development of new forms of discursive power that shift from a culture of fear to a culture of hope. This can be achieved through global networks of those urban movements that increasingly move beyond their local political environments. The global city can emerge as a crucial site for the claim to human survival in dignity.
Optimization of the Concrete Delivery and Placement Process Using a Simulation
Authors: Talian Juraj 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Integrated construction processes are stochastic systems. For these cases a computer simulation is used. This paper presents the design and construction of an integrated construction process, i.e., the production-transportation-consumption of fresh concrete. When creating a model in an Extend v4, modelling techniques and a general knowledge of construction are used. Data obtained from actual processes is used for the model parameters and input variables. The main contribution is a simulation model developed for the process for the optimization and selection of variants. This approach complements the heuristic methods of the assessment of construction processes and exact methods, where the decisive body will have the values of the individual decision-making criteria.
Comparison of Pavement Layers Responses with Considering Different Models for Asphalt Concrete Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Koohmishi Mehdi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper, a comparison between pavement responses is performed by considering two different models for the linear viscoelastic behavior of an asphalt concrete layer. Two models, the Maxwell model and the Kelvin-Voigt model, are generalized. The former is used in ABAQUS and the latter in KENLAYER. As a preliminary step, an appropriate structural model for a flexible pavement structure is developed in ABAQUS by considering linear elastic behavior for all the layers. According to this model, when the depth of a structural model is equal to 6 meters, there is a good agreement between the ABAQUS and KENLAYER results. In this model, the thickness of the pavement is equal to 30 centimeters, and the thickness of the subgrade is equal to 5.7 meters. Then, the viscoelastic behavior is considered for the asphalt concrete layer, and the results from KENLAYER and ABAQUS are compared with each other. The results indicate that the type of viscoelastic model applied to an asphalt concrete layer has a significant effect on the prediction of pavement responses and, logically, the predicted performance of a pavement.
96-Week Results of Abacavir/Lamivudine versus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine, plus Efavirenz, in Antiretroviral-Naive, HIV-1-Infected Adults: Assert Study
Authors: Moyle Graeme J , Stellbrink Hans-Jürgen , Compston Juliet , Orkin Chloe , Arribas José R , Domingo Pere , Granier Catherine , Pearce Helen , Sedani Sangeeta , Gartland Martin ,   the ASSERT Team
Published: July 2013

Background Abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) are widely used as first-line antiretroviral therapies. However, there are limited data comparing the safety of these therapies with long-term use. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term safety of these commonly used first-line nucleoside/nucleotide combinations each administered with efavirenz (EFV). Methods This open-label, 96-week, randomized study compared the safety (renal, bone and metabolic) and efficacy of ABC/3TC and TDF/FTC plus EFV in HLA-B*5701-negative antiretroviral-naive adults. Results A total of 385 subjects were enrolled, and 249 (65%) subjects completed the study. The difference in changes from baseline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the Modified Diet in Renal Disease equation) between treatment arms was not significant. There was a significant difference between the arms ( P<0.0001) for markers of tubular dysfunction (retinol-binding protein and ß-2 microglobulin) favouring ABC/3TC. Hip bone mineral density decreased from baseline in both arms, with a significantly greater decline with TDF/FTC (ABC/3TC -2.2% and TDF/FTC -3.5%; P<0.001 at week 96). Subjects in the ABC/3TC arm had greater increases from baseline in median total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Adverse events were similar between arms. The virological failure rate was low in both arms. Conclusions ABC/3TC and TDF/FTC in combination with EFV minimally affected estimated glomerular filtration rate over 96 weeks. TDF/FTC was associated with greater increases in tubular dysfunction and bone turnover marker levels, greater decreases in hip bone mineral density, and smaller increases in serum lipid levels.
Milieux innovateurs et mise en ressources des nouvelles autoroutes
Authors: Hadjou Lamara , Duquenne Marie-Noëlle 
Published: July 2013

L’objectif de notre article est de proposer une méthodologie de diagnostic des effets autoroutiers sur le développement local, reposant implicitement sur une approche territoriale, plaçant l’acteur au centre de la relation. Cette approche se veut plus prudente car elle est construite directement sur les stratégies et anticipations des acteurs locaux. Dans ce contexte, les effets d’une infrastructure autoroutière sont examinés à l’aide de trois variables centrales : d’une part, la perception des acteurs, d’autre part, leur capacité d’anticipation et enfin et surtout leur degré d’organisation et d’appropriation de l’ouvrage en tant qu’impulsion d’initiatives innovatrices. C’est de ce fait, une réelle approche de diagnostic territorial qui est proposée, reposant sur une analyse systématique de l’implication des acteurs, de leurs actions et des soutiens qu’ils reçoivent auprès des institutions.
Changements démographiques récents et perspectives futures au Mexique
Authors: Mier y Terán y Rocha Marta , García Guerrero Victor Manuel , Jezioro Etienne 
Published: July 2013

La population mexicaine se trouve actuellement dans une étape avancée du processus de transition démographique. Elle se concentre dans les tranches d’âge de la population active, en conséquence de la réduction du poids de la population infantile ; le processus de vieillissement n’en est, quant à lui, qu’à ses débuts. Durant plus de trente ans, jusqu’en 2005, la mortalité et la fécondité ont suivi au Mexique une tendance à la baisse, tandis que l’émigration vers les Etats-Unis augmentait. La population croissait à un rythme de plus en plus faible. De 2005 à 2010, un changement inhabituel de ces tendances s’est produit. La mortalité a augmenté, une tendance en lien avec le nombre croissant d’homicides. La baisse de la fécondité s’est arrêtée, en particulier parmi les jeunes. L’émigration a diminué, et de nombreux migrants résidant aux Etats-Unis sont revenus au Mexique avec leur famille. Ces changements récents concernant la fécondité et la mortalité sont difficiles à inverser à court terme, tandis que la migration internationale dépendra en grande mesure de l’évolution de l’économie nord-américaine. Les scénarii futurs prévoient qu’il est fort probable que la population poursuive sa croissance et se concentre dans les âges d’activité au moins dans les 25 prochaines années.
Phrasal verbs: A contribution towards a more accurate definition
Authors: Busuttil Pierre 
Published: July 2013

On décrit communément les « verbes composés » comme une combinaison idiomatique VERBE + PARTICULE ou VERBE + ADVERBE. Ces définitions me paraissent manquer de précision. L’emploi du mot « particule » est essentiellement un moyen élégant d’éviter d’avoir à décider si le second terme d’une telle combinaison est soit un adverbe soit une préposition. Je développe la théorie selon laquelle les véritables verbes composés sont du type VERBE + ADVERB. On pourrait les nommer verbes « adverbiés », à distinguer de leurs homologues prépositionnels. J’essaie de montrer que le second terme de telles combinaisons verbales fonctionne seulement comme un adverbe, qu’il s’agisse ou non à l’origine d’un adverbe.
CHLORINATION REACTION KINETICS OF THE LOW-CONCENTRATION NATURAL RUBBER LATEX
Authors: He Lanzhen , Zhong Jieping , Chen Jing , Li Chenpen , Kong Linxue , Liao Xuequan , Li Yin 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The kinetics of the chlorination of low-concentration natural rubber latex was investigated. The kinetic data were derived from chlorine concentrations in chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) for different reaction times and temperatures. The chlorination reaction process can be divided into two stages—a high-speed period (stage 1) and a low-speed period (stage 2)—using the graphed curves of the change in chlorine content with change in reaction time. The relationship of the chlorination conversion ratio x to reaction time t and temperature T can be expressed as x = 1.15 − 0.916e−kt, where the kinetic constant k = 0.00907 + 6.39 × 10−6e0.0211T. The overall apparent reaction order n for the first stage is 4.8, whereas for the second stage it is 1.0, using kinetic fitting. The apparent activation energy Ea was calculated, using the Arrhenius equation, to be 5.32 kJ/mol for stage 2. The lower value of Ea suggests that the chlorination rate is less sensitive to reaction temperature in this stage. The chlorination reaction rate increases with the increase in reaction temperature during stage 2, but the effects are not visible. However, a temperature that is too high may result in energy being wasted. We conclude that the proper reaction temperature in stage 2, taking the kinetic effects into account, is between 323.15 and 353.15 K.
Chemical treatments for improving adhesion between electrospun nanofibers and fabrics
Authors: Varesano Alessio , Rombaldoni Fabio , Tonetti Cinzia , Di Mauro Sandra , Mazzuchetti Giorgio 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNanofiber‐coated fabrics have potential uses in filters and protective clothing. One major challenge is to ensure good adhesion of nanofibers to the fabrics achieving satisfactory durability against abrasion for practical use. This work is aimed to study adhesion mechanisms and their improvement between nanofibers and textile substrates; to achieve this goal cotton fabrics were treated with an alkali solution, while nylon fabrics were treated with ethanol. Adhesion of polyamide‐6 electrospun nanofiber layer to fabrics was evaluated by means of a peeling test. Treated fabrics showed improved bonding towards nanofibers: adhesion energy was ∼0.58 J m−2 for both untreated fabrics, and after treatments increased to 0.93 and 0.86 J m−2 for cotton and nylon ones, respectively. Optical observations revealed that nanofibers deposited on fabrics are mainly linked to external protruding fibers (i.e., fabric hairiness). Therefore, surface hairiness seems to be the critical factor limiting adhesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39766.
On the Importance of Anion–π Interactions in the Mechanism of Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere M. , Frontera Antonio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a flavin‐dependent enzyme that plays a physiological role in two important processes. First, it is responsible for sulfide detoxification by oxidizing sulfide ions (S2− and HS−) to elementary sulfur and the electrons are first transferred to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which in turn passes them to the quinone pool in the membrane. Second, in sulfidotrophic bacteria, SQRs play a key role in the sulfide‐dependent respiration and anaerobic photosynthesis, deriving energy for their growth from reduced sulfur. Two mechanisms of action for SQR have been proposed: first, nucleophilic attack of a Cys residue on the C4 of FAD, and second, an alternate anionic radical mechanism by direct electron transfer from Cys to the isoalloxazine ring of FAD. Both mechanisms involve a common anionic intermediate that it is stabilized by a relevant anion–π interaction and its previous formation (from HS− and Cys‐S‐S‐Cys) is also facilitated by reducing the transition‐state barrier, owing to an interaction that involves the π system of FAD. By analyzing the X‐ray structures of SQRs available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and using DFT calculations, we demonstrate the relevance of the anion–π interaction in the enzymatic mechanism.
Restoration of traditional Chinese shadow play‐Piying art from tangible interaction
Authors: Shi Yan , Ying Fangtian , Chen Xuan , Pan Zhigeng , Yu Jinhui 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPiying, the world's intangible culture heritage, is a characteristic Chinese folk shadow play and one of the origins of modern movie. The spirit of traditional Piying is to express rich emotion and stories through impromptu action change by professional artists. Now Piying gradually fades away in people's lives, encountering the risk of extinction. We focus on transforming the traditional Piying play into an interactive system, which can be seamlessly performed by ordinary people and bring a strong sense of immersion to the users. Two interactive systems were developed, with Kinect‐based interaction or sensors, users can create own digital Piying animations by employing their body movement as input. A field study was presented with 20 students in a primary school. The result showed that our system was far more effective in emotion induction and Piying understanding than traditional one. We demonstrated this system in a charitable foundation and a workshop of a tangible conference. It is also honored to be collected by China's intangible cultural heritage network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modular architectonic organization of the insula in the macaque monkey
Authors: Evrard Henry C. , Logothetis Nikos K. , (Bud) Craig A.D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to provide a framework for ongoing analyses of the neuronal connections of the insular cortex of the macaque monkey using modern high‐resolution methods, we examined its anatomical organization in serial coronal sections stained alternately with Nissl and Gallyas (myelin) techniques. We observed the same 15 distinct architectonic areas in 10 brains. Within the granular, dysgranular, and agranular regions described in prior studies, we identified 4, 4, and 7 distinct areas, respectively. Across brains, these areas have consistent architectonic characteristics, and in flat map reconstructions they display a consistent topological or neighborhood arrangement, despite variations in the size of individual areas between cases. The borders between areas are generally rather sharply defined. Some areas, in particular the dysgranular areas, appear to consistently contain subtle transitions that suggest possible subareas or modules within the well‐delimited areas. The presence of a distinct granular area that straddles the fundus of the superior limiting sulcus over its entire posterior‐to‐anterior extent is consistent with the available evidence on interoceptive thalamocortical projections, and also with the tensile anchor theory of species‐specific cortical gyrification. These observations are consonant with the model of homeostatic afferent processing in the primate insula, and they suggest that discrete modules within insular cortex provide the basis for its polymodal integration of all salient activity relevant to ongoing emotional behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:64–97, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Yolk–Shell, Hollow, and Single‐Crystalline ZnCo2O4 Powders: Preparation Using a Simple One‐Pot Process and Application in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Seung Ho , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of yolk–shell‐structured, multi‐component, transition‐metal oxides have not yet been properly compared to those of hollow‐structured or nanoscale powders. In this study, yolk–shell, hollow, and single‐crystalline ZnCo2O4 powders with uniform compositions are prepared by using simple gas‐phase reaction methods. Double‐shelled ZnCo2O4 yolk–shell powder is prepared directly from the spray solution by using spray pyrolysis. Single‐crystalline ZnCo2O4 nanopowder is prepared by means of flame spray pyrolysis. The yolk–shell ZnCo2O4 powder shows higher charge and discharge capacities than the hollow and single‐crystalline powders. The yolk–shell, hollow, and single‐crystalline ZnCo2O4 powders deliver discharge capacities of 753, 586, and 206 mAh g−1, respectively, after 200 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 3 A g−1, and the corresponding capacity retentions measured after the first cycle are 99, 74, and 27 %, respectively. The yolk–shell ZnCo2O4 powders are structurally stable during cycling and have good electrochemical properties even at high current densities.
Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers as Solid‐Acid Catalysts for Transesterification
Authors: Stellwagen Daniel R. , van der Klis Frits , van Es Daan S. , de Jong Krijn P. , Bitter Johannes H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) were functionalized with aryl sulfonic acid groups using in situ diazonium coupling. The use of diazonium coupling yielded an acidic carbon material, in which the introduced acidic groups are readily accessible to the triglyceride substrate. The material is an efficient catalyst for the transesterification of triolein and methanol, outperforming conventional sulfonated carbons in both stability and activity per acid site. Upon comparing CNFs with varying degrees of functionalization, a linear correlation between sulfonic acid sites and catalytic performance was found.