bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy temporal association rules: combining temporal and quantitative data to increase rule expressiveness
Authors: Cariñena Purificación 
Published: December 2013

Data mining for association rules aims to discover interesting relationships among sets of items in a database. Very often these databases include some kind of temporal information, the most common being a temporal label indicating transaction date. Within the field of association rule mining temporal information has been used to obtain sequential association rules, periodic or cyclic association rules, calendric association rules, or event‐driven association rules. The temporal component is also relevant when analyzing how association rules evolve if datasets are evaluated on different time‐slices. On the other hand, in traditional association rules item attributes were usually Boolean, but many attributes in current databases are quantitative in nature. Fuzzy temporal association rules arise from the use of fuzzy sets to describe quantitative temporal and/or not temporal attributes of items in a database, and/or to introduce fuzzy temporal specifications for the rules a user is interested in; the use of fuzzy sets allows a linguistic interpretation of the rules and also provides means to handle the uncertainty present in attribute measurements. Depending on the rule pattern the final user is interested in, different methods for fuzzy temporal association rule mining can be found in the literature, with mining algorithms adapted to the rule model being used. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:64–70. doi: 10.1002/widm.1116This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Technologies > Association Rules
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
The Path of Public Health Finance, Implementation, and Reform in China: Lessons From the United States Medicaid System
Authors: Randall David , Chen Dongjin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSince its creation by the U.S. Congress in 1965, the U.S. Medicaid health care system has been a shared federal‐state financing and health care delivery system for the poor. The implementation and financing of the Medicaid system has had differing paths as a result of a range of policy choices behind which are the states charged with administering the program and policymakers in Washington. The policy choices and institutional structures associated with the U.S. Medicaid system have many similarities to China's provincial and local health‐care system of financing and delivery of health‐care services. Past and recent reform efforts by the central government in Beijing have similarities to the policy path of the development of the U.S. Medicaid system. The policy choices made by U.S. state and federal policymakers have numerous lessons that can be learned as a result of the institutional similarities in the Chinese provincial health care system.
Young Adults' Support for Adult‐Ratings for Movies Depicting Smoking and for Restrictions on Tobacco Magazine Advertising
Authors: Choi Kelvin , Fabian Lindsey , Jansen Jim , Lenk Kathleen , Forster Jean 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSmoking images in movies and tobacco advertisements in magazines are influential on adolescent smoking behaviors, and restrictions of these advertising strategies can reduce the prevalence of adolescent smoking. We assessed young adults' level of support for adult ratings for movies depicting smoking and for restrictions on tobacco magazine advertising. Young adults from the U.S. Midwest were surveyed between 2010 and 2011 (n = 2,622). We assessed their level of support for (a) adult‐rating all movies depicting smoking, and (b) restrictions on tobacco magazine advertising. Multivariate regression models were used to investigate the characteristics associated with higher level of support for these policies. Overall, 34 percent of the participants favored adult ratings for movies with smoking images, and 68 percent favored restrictions on tobacco magazine advertising. Characteristics associated with higher level of support differed somewhat by policy. Further educating young adults about the influence of smoking images in movies on adolescent smoking may be necessary to gain more support for the policy. With the majority supporting restrictions on tobacco magazine advertising, it may be possible to tighten these restrictions to further protect adolescents. Future research is needed to identify how tobacco control advocates can frame these issues to gain further public support.
Health‐related Quality of Life Scores Changes Significantly within the First Three Months After Hernia Mesh Repair
Authors: Christoffersen Mette W. , Rosenberg Jacob , Jorgensen Lars Nannestad , Bytzer Peter , Bisgaard Thue 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐related outcome measures (PROM) such as quality of life (QoL) after hernia repair are important to monitor, since QoL is an important indication of a hernia repair. Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) is a hernia‐specific questionnaire regarding health‐related QoL after a mesh hernia repair. The primary objective of this study was to monitor changes in health‐related QoL over time after different mesh hernia repair procedures using the CCS.
MethodsWe performed a prospective study with an exploratory, intraobserver design enrolling consecutive patients who were to undergo elective mesh hernia repair. Four different hernia repair techniques were included and analyzed specifically for each surgical group. Patients scored themselves using CCS preoperatively and at several fixed times postoperatively. Since no gold standard exists for either hernia‐specific QoL questionnaires or change of scores on PROMs as a function of time after hernia repair, we compared the CCS scores with the visual analog scale (VAS) scores reflecting the subdomains of the CCS.ResultsA total of 166 patients completed the study. CCS scores for QoL, pain, sensation of mesh, and activity limitations changed significantly with time during the 90‐day study period. Furthermore, CCS and VAS showed significant agreement and correlation (ρ = 0.52–0.82, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to demonstrate significant changes over time in health‐related QoL using the CCS after four different types of hernia repair with mesh.
Preoperative Factors Predicting Clinical Outcome Following Laparoscopic Fundoplication
Authors: Staehelin Annina , Zingg Urs , Devitt Peter G. , Esterman Adrian J. , Smith Lorelle , Jamieson Glyn G. , Watson David I. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAntireflux surgery is effective for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, but not all patients benefit equally from it. The challenge is to identify the patients who will ultimately benefit from antireflux surgery. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors that predict clinical outcome after antireflux surgery, with special interest in the influence of socioeconomic factors.MethodsPreoperative clinical and socioeconomic data from 1,650 patients who were to undergo laparoscopic fundoplication were collected prospectively. Clinical outcome measures (persistent heartburn, dysphagia, satisfaction) were assessed at short‐term (1 year) and longer‐term (≥3 years) follow‐up.ResultsAt early follow‐up, male gender (relative risk [RR] 1.091, p < 0.001) and the presence of a hiatus hernia (RR 1.065, p = 0.002) were independently associated with less heartburn. Male gender was also associated with higher overall satisfaction (RR 1.046, p = 0.034). An association was found between postoperative dysphagia and age (RR 0.988, p = 0.007) and the absence of a hiatus hernia (RR 0.767, p = 0.001). At longer‐term follow‐up, only male gender (RR 1.125, p < 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor for heartburn control. Male gender (RR 0.761, p = 0.001), the presence of a hiatus hernia (RR 0.823, p = 0.014), and cerebrovascular comorbidities (RR 1.306, p = 0.019) were independent prognosticators for dysphagia at longer‐term follow‐up. A hiatus hernia was the only factor associated with better overall satisfaction. Socioeconomic factors did not influence any clinical outcomes at short‐ and longer‐term follow‐up.ConclusionMale gender and hiatus hernia are associated with a better clinical outcome following laparoscopic fundoplication, whereas socioeconomic status does not influence outcome.
Development of a Composite Endpoint for Randomized Controlled Trials in Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Coolsen Marielle M. E. , Clermonts Stefan H. E. M. , van Dam Ronald M. , Winkens Bjorn , Malagó Massimo , Fusai Giuseppe K. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground
Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). An important factor contributing to this is the large number of patients needed to adequately power RCTs for relevant clinical single endpoints. A PD‐specific composite endpoint (CEP) could solve this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a PD‐specific CEP, consisting of complications related to PD, allowing reduction in sample sizes and improving the ability to compare outcomes.MethodsPD‐specific CEP components were selected after a systematic review of the literature and consensus between 25 international pancreatic surgeons. Ultimately, prospective cohorts of patients who underwent PD in two high‐volume HPB centers (London, UK, and Maastricht, NL) were used to assess the event rate and effect of implementing a PD‐specific CEP.ResultsFrom a total of 18 single‐component endpoints, intra‐abdominal abscess, sepsis, post‐PD hemorrhage, bile leakage, gastrojejunostomy leakage, leakage of the pancreatic anastomosis, delayed gastric emptying, and operative mortality within 90 days were selected to be included the PD‐specific CEP. All eight components had consensus definitions and a Dindo–Clavien classification of 3 or more. The incidence of the PD‐specific CEP was 24.7 % in the Maastricht cohort and 23.3 % in the London cohort. These incidence rates led to a twofold reduction in the theoretical calculated sample size for an adequately powered RCT on PD using this CEP as a primary endpoint.ConclusionsThe proposed PD‐specific CEP enables clinical investigators to adequately power RCTs on PD and increases the feasibility, comparability, and utility in meta‐analysis.
Surgical Scheduling: A Lean Approach to Process Improvement
Authors: Simon Ross William , Canacari Elena G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA large teaching hospital in the northeast United States had an inefficient, paper‐based process for scheduling orthopedic surgery that caused delays and contributed to site/side discrepancies. The hospital's leaders formed a team with the goals of developing a safe, effective, patient‐centered, timely, efficient, and accurate orthopedic scheduling process; smoothing the schedule so that block time was allocated more evenly; and ensuring correct site/side. Under the resulting process, real‐time patient information is entered into a database during the patient's preoperative visit in the surgeon's office. The team found the new process reduced the occurrence of site/side discrepancies to zero, reduced instances of changing the sequence of orthopedic procedures by 70%, and increased patient satisfaction.
Safety Checklist Briefings: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: McDowell Diana Soule , McComb Sara A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNearly half of all surgical complications are considered preventable. Early research regarding preprocedural surgical safety checklist briefings revealed that this process led to improved surgical complication rates. We conducted a literature search to gather evidence regarding compliance in conducting briefings, outcomes of briefings, and surgical team members’ perceptions toward the use and efficacy of checklist briefings. We found 23 studies conducted in 17 countries, the majority published since 2011, addressing these elements. The studies used a variety of methodologies and outcome measures. Common themes in the studies included enhanced patient safety, improved compliance over time, and increased communication among team members when checklists were used. As research continues on surgical safety checklists and briefings, a great opportunity exists for perioperative nurses to make contributions to the evidence.
CLASSIFICATION OF SYMMETRY GROUPS FOR PLANAR -BODY CHOREOGRAPHIES
Authors: MONTALDI JAMES , STECKLES KATRINA 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSince the foundational work of Chenciner and Montgomery in 2000 there has been a great deal of interest in choreographic solutions of the $n$-body problem: periodic motions where the $n$ bodies all follow one another at regular intervals along a closed path. The principal approach combines variational methods with symmetry properties. In this paper, we give a systematic treatment of the symmetry aspect. In the first part, we classify all possible symmetry groups of planar $n$-body collision-free choreographies. These symmetry groups fall into two infinite families and, if $n$ is odd, three exceptional groups. In the second part, we develop the equivariant fundamental group and use it to determine the topology of the space of loops with a given symmetry, which we show is related to certain cosets of the pure braid group in the full braid group, and to centralizers of elements of the corresponding coset. In particular, we refine the symmetry classification by classifying the connected components of the set of loops with any given symmetry. This leads to the existence of many new choreographies in $n$-body systems governed by a strong force potential.
MALT90: The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey
Authors: Jackson J. M. , Rathborne J. M. , Foster J. B. , Whitaker J. S. , Sanhueza P. , Claysmith C. , Mascoop J. L. , Wienen M. , Breen S. L. , Herpin F. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Csengeri T. , Longmore S. N. , Contreras Y. , Indermuehle B. , Barnes P. J. , Walsh A. J. , Cunningham M. R. , Brooks K. J. , Britton T. R. , Voronkov M. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Alves J. , Jordan C. H. , Hill T. , Hoq S. , Finn S. C. , Bains I. , Bontemps S. , Bronfman L. , Caswell J. L. , Deharveng L. , Ellingsen S. P. , Fuller G. A. , Garay G. , Green J. A. , Hindson L. , Jones P. A. , Lenfestey C. , Lo N. , Lowe V. , Mardones D. , Menten K. M. , Minier V. , Morgan L. K. , Motte F. , Muller E. , Peretto N. , Purcell C. R. , Schilke P. , Bontemps Schneider-N. , Schuller F. , Titmarsh A. , Wyrowski F. , Zavagno A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) survey aims to characterise the physical and chemical evolution of high-mass star-forming clumps. Exploiting the unique broad frequency range and on-the-fly mapping capabilities of the Australia Telescope National Facility Mopra 22 m single-dish telescope1, MALT90 has obtained 3′ × 3′ maps towards ~2 000 dense molecular clumps identified in the ATLASGAL 870 μm Galactic plane survey. The clumps were selected to host the early stages of high-mass star formation and to span the complete range in their evolutionary states (from prestellar, to protostellar, and on to $\mathrm{H\,{\scriptstyle {II}}}$ regions and photodissociation regions). Because MALT90 mapped 16 lines simultaneously with excellent spatial (38 arcsec) and spectral (0.11 km s−1) resolution, the data reveal a wealth of information about the clumps’ morphologies, chemistry, and kinematics. In this paper we outline the survey strategy, observing mode, data reduction procedure, and highlight some early science results. All MALT90 raw and processed data products are available to the community. With its unprecedented large sample of clumps, MALT90 is the largest survey of its type ever conducted and an excellent resource for identifying interesting candidates for high-resolution studies with ALMA.
Depletable resources: Necessary, in need of fair treatment, and multi-functional
Authors: Harvey Nigel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractI make three points. First, processors and depletable resources should not be regarded as alternative means of processing information: they are both necessary. Second, comparing a processor account with a rational allocation mechanism to a depletable-resources account without one is not a fair comparison. Third, depletable resources can act as signals as well as fuels.
Formal models of “resource depletion”
Authors: Huizenga Hilde M. , van der Molen Maurits W. , Bexkens Anika , van den Wildenberg Wery P. M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe opportunity cost model (OCM) aims to explain various phenomena, among which the finding that performance degrades if executive functions are used repeatedly (“resource depletion”). We argue that an OCM account of resource depletion requires two unlikely assumptions, and we discuss an alternative that does not require these assumptions. This alternative model describes the interplay between executive function and motivation.
Stroop task among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and pathological gambling (PG) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)
Authors: Peles Einat , Weinstein Aviv , Sason Anat , Adelson Miriam , Schreiber Shaul 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impaired attention selection (Stroop interference effect) and general performance [reaction times (RTs)] on the Stroop task among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), pathological gambling (PG), both PG/OCD or none, and the influence if having ADHD.MethodsEighty-six patients and 15 control subjects underwent the Stroop task, which measured RTs of condition-related words (color, obsessive compulsive disorder, pathological gambling, addiction) and neutral words.ResultsMMT patients had longer RTs on the Stroop task compared with controls. RTs were longer among patients with OCD and in those who abused drugs on the study day. The combined PG/OCD group had the longest RTs, but they were also characterized as abusing more drugs, being older, and having worse cognitive status. Stroop color interference differed only among MMT patients with ADHD, and it was higher among those with OCD than those without OCD. The modified condition-related Stroop did not show any interference effect of OCD, addiction, or gambling words.ConclusionsMMT patients had generally poorer performance, as indicated by longer RTs, that were related to clinical OCD, drug abuse, poor cognitive state, and older age. Patients with both clinical OCD and ADHD had a higher Stroop interference effect, which is a reflection of an attention deficit. In order to improve clinical approach and treatment of MMT patients, OCD and ADHD should be evaluated (and treated as needed).
Eleven mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation
Authors: ZAGGL MICHAEL A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:Cooperation is one of the basic elements of social life. It is essential for emergent social phenomena, such as the formation of families, groups, and societies. However, evolutionary forces counter cooperation. The trait of supporting others is dominated by selfish behavior. In the last few decades scientists, in particular biologists, achieved extraordinary progress regarding the question of how cooperation is possible despite of evolutionary forces. This produced an enormous amount of literature. This paper identifies and reviews the known solutions explaining cooperation under evolutionary forces. Using bibliometric methods in combination with extant review articles and traditional reviewing of original literature, it is possible to isolate 11 mechanisms of cooperation under the conditions of evolution. Developing a categorization of the mechanisms according to shared characteristics establishes a fundamental framework for institutional and mechanism design activities. Implications for future research paths are identified, in particular for the mechanism of indirect reciprocity.
Poor resource quality lowers transmission potential by changing foraging behaviour
Authors: Penczykowski Rachel M. , Lemanski Brian C. P. , Sieg R. Drew , Hall Spencer R. , Housley Ochs Jessica , Kubanek Julia , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Resource quality can have conflicting effects on the spread of disease. High‐quality resources could hinder disease spread by promoting host immune function. Alternatively, high‐quality food might enhance the spread of disease through other traits of hosts or parasites. Thus, to assess how resource quality shapes epidemics, we need to delineate mechanisms by which food quality affects key epidemiological traits.

Here, we disentangle effects of food quality on ‘transmission potential’ – a key component of parasite fitness that combines transmission rate and parasite production – using a zooplankton host and fungal parasite. We estimated the components of transmission potential (i.e. parasite encounter rate, susceptibility and yield of parasite propagules) for hosts fed a high‐quality green alga and a low‐quality cyanobacterium.

A focal experiment was designed to disentangle food quality effects on various components of transmission potential. The low‐quality resource decreased transmission potential by stunting host growth and altering foraging behaviour. Hosts reared on low‐quality food were smaller and had lower size‐corrected feeding rates. Due to their slower grazing, they encountered fewer parasite spores in the water. Smaller hosts also had lower risk of an ingested spore causing infection (i.e. lower susceptibility) and yielded fewer parasite propagules. Hosts switched from high‐ to low‐quality food during spore exposure also had low transmission potential – despite their large size – because the poor quality resource strongly depressed foraging.

A follow‐up experiment investigated traits of the low‐quality resource that might have driven those results. Cyanobacterial compounds that can inhibit digestive proteases of a related grazer likely did not cause the observed reductions in transmission potential.

Our study highlights the value of using mechanistic models to pinpoint how resource quality can change transmission potential. Overall, our results show that low‐quality resources could inhibit the spread of disease through effects on multiple components of transmission potential. They also provide insight into how disease outbreaks in wildlife may respond to shifts in resource quality caused by eutrophication or climate change.