bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beobachtungen zum Stofftransport und zu einhergehenden Schädigungseffekten in porösen Baustoffen / Observations of mass transport and related deterioration mechanisms in porous building materials
Authors: Franke L. , Reimann-Oenel R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
It is reported about substance migration problems and their consequences, which have been investigated experimentally and which could be particularly relevant with regard to repair and restoration of historic buildings. One aim of the investigations was to find out, whether facades, treated with water repellent agents, showing non treated areas, can be affected in their long time behaviour. Such lacks can be due to non careful application of the repellent agent. In addition, investigations were made to find out. of coatings on salt containing mineral substrates, especially natural stones can reduce their life time. As a result of the experiments and the theoretical considerations, it follows, that a lack in water repellent treatment. could cause the risk of crust-development spallings in environment of non treated spots in the case that substrate is salt contaminated and moisture exchange takes place. All experiments with coatings, performed under the same conditions, show, that the coated surfaces have a more favourable behaviour than the same surfaces without coatings.
Ecological Aspects of Building Maintenance - Methods and Criteria for Evaluation / Oekologische Aspekte der Bauinstandhaltung: Bewertungskriterien und -methoden
Authors: Gänssmantel J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Construction affects our environment to a significant extent and therefore, there is an increasing request for building materials and products in both new and old constructions to be evaluated with regard to their sustainability. This concerns both maintenance and restoration measures in an increasing way. These measures are necessary to keep our built environment in a reasonable state and to enable us to use them in the future. This also includes the extension of the life time of buildings. In this contribution most promising methods and criteria to evaluate the sustainability of maintenance or restoration processes and products are summarized and explained using two practical examples of building life cycles
EPIQR-TOBUS: a new generation of refurbishment decision aid methods / EPIQR-TOBUS: eine neue Generation von Entscheidungshilfen für das Bauinstandsetzen
Authors: Flourentzos F. , Genre J.-L. , Roulet C.-A. , Stôckli T. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In a large majority of European countries, the amount of maintenance and refurbishment works represents nearly 50% of the total amount spent in the building sector. New requirements are being added to the necessity of maintaining or re-establishing the building stock's usage value. They are linked to the determination to reduce energy consumption, pollutant emissions, work site wastes, to improve the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) and all the modern conveniences inside buildings. Two European projects, EPIQR (réf. nr.: JOR3-CT96-0044) and TOBUS (réf. nr.: JOR3-CT98-Û235), developed in the IIIrd and IVth framework programs put the foundations of a new generation of refurbishment decision aid tools. A structured diagnosis scheme covering the state of deterioration of the building elements, energy performance, indoor environment quality, functional obsolescence offer a new concept which helps architects and engineers to approach the building refurbishment with a global view of the whole process, to take informed decisions, to construct coherent refurbishment scenarii and calculate a reasonable investment budget in the very first stage of the refurbishment project. EPIQR project addresses residential buildings and it has been finished in 1998, TOBUS addresses office buildings and it is still in course. The support of these methods is a multimedia computer program. Several modules help the users to treat the data collected during a diagnosis survey, to set up refurbishment scenarii and calculate their cost or energy performance, and finally to visualise the results in a comprehensive way and to prepare quality reports. This paper presents the structure and the main features of the method and software
A New Diagnostic Tool for the Evaluation of the Hardness of Natural and Artificial Stones / Ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Härte von Naturstein und Kunststein
Authors: Tiano P. , Viggiano A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The EC funded project "Hardrock" has developed and validated a new portable system (DFMS) for directly determining stone mechanical features such as the "hardness" by measuring its drilling resistance. The test is essentially non-destructive, since stones can be tested, with only minor patching of holes ( Ø 5 mm) on exposed faces. With this system it resulted possible to obtain affordable and sensible data of the mechanical and abrasive properties of stone specimens and monuments and to evaluate the consolidating performance of applied conservative treatments. The DFMS has no competitors for its application in comparative tests "in situ", while further data are necessary to apply it to assess the cohesional properties of rocks in relation to their cube strength
Anwendung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes für den Bewehrungsstahl in Beton / Applications of Cathodic Protection to Steel in Concrete
Authors: Bertolini L. , Bolzoni F. , Lazzari L. , Pedeferri P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the application of cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete. The use of this technique to control corrosion rate in chloride contaminated constructions and to improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcement in new structures expected to become contaminated is discussed. The more recent applications of cathodic protection on carbonated concrete are also considered. For each type of application, principles and operating conditions (potential and current applied, throwing power, risk of hydrogen embrittlement in the case of prestressed structures) are discussed. Examples of cathodic protection and prevention in bridges, and buildings are reported.
Plenoptic Single-Shot 3D Imaging of In-Cylinder Fuel Spray Geometry
Authors: Lillo Peter M. , Greene Mark L. , Sick Volker 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Progress in understanding turbulent combustion requires access to
information that is derived from instantaneous 3D images showing the
contours of the flame front, the flow field, and other quantities. The
experimental effort to acquire such information is typically
extraordinarily high and therefore not as widely used as needed. The
introduction of commercially available plenoptic cameras now provides
a means to simplify some of these measurements as is described in this
study. A single 29 mega-pixel plenoptic camera was used to
record the Mie scattering signals from volumetrically illuminated fuel
sprays. Instantaneous 3D images were acquired from within the cylinder
of an optically accessible engine for three automotive fuel injectors
of differing nominal spray angles. Current reconstruction algorithms
do not yet take translucent imaging conditions into account and
therefore a quantitative analysis of the full 3D structure of the
sprays was not possible. However, the plenoptic system did prove
capable of accurately reconstructing bulk spray features such as spray
angles. The 3D spray images were validated with data from
a conventional 2D imaging system. This study demonstrates the
feasibility of using a single plenoptic camera to view spray geometry
in 3D, even from within the challenging in-cylinder engine
environment.
A Single Pulse Shock Tube Study on the Pyrolysis of 2,5-Dimethylfuran
Authors: Schuler Dominik F. , Naumann Clemens , Braun-Unkhoff Marina , Riedel Uwe , Zabel Friedhelm 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The pyrolysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran has been studied in a single pulse
shock tube equipped with fast probing device at temperatures between
1175 K and 1450 K and pressures of
8.0±0.5 bar. The initial concentration of
2,5-dimethylfuran diluted in argon (500 ppm) was much lower
than in previous studies reported in the literature. Sixteen different
product species were quantified by gas chromatography. The product
distribution pattern was compared with the prediction of two
comprehensive chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms taken from the
literature. In general, the predictions of the mechanisms fit the
results of the experiments; however, the comparison reveals some
differences between the two mechanisms as well as between simulations
and experiments.
Estimating Pay Gaps for Workers With Disabilities: Implications From Broadening Definitions and Data Sets
Authors: Hallock Kevin F. , Jin Xin , Barrington Linda 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To compare pay gap estimates across 3 different national survey data sets for people with disabilities relative to those without disabilities when pay is measured as wage and salary alone versus a (total compensation) definition that includes an estimate of the value of benefits.Method:Estimates of the cost to the employers of employee benefits at the occupational level from an employer survey data set are matched to individual-level data in each of the 3 data sets. Multiple regression techniques are applied to estimate wage and salary and total compensation gaps between full-time men with and without disabilities.Results:For full-time working men with disabilities (relative to those without disabilities), there is a consistently larger percentage wage and salary gap than percentage total compensation gap and breadth of the definition of pay affects the size of any estimated pay gap. In addition, there are differences in the estimated pay gaps depending on data source and disability measure.Conclusions:Results obtained from a single data set or definition of key variables may not be broadly generalizable. Studies containing such limitations should be interpreted cautiously. Our research further suggests employers looking to hire persons with disabilities or those offering employment placement services should put substantial weight on the non–base pay component of the total compensation package.
Comparison of Employer Factors in Disability and Other Employment Discrimination Charges
Authors: Nazarov Zafar E. , Schrader Sarah von 
Published: November 2014

Purpose: We explore whether certain employer characteristics predict Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) charges and whether the same characteristics predict receipt of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act charges.Method: We estimate a set of multivariate regressions using the ordinary least squares method.Results: Most employer-level characteristics that predict the receipt of ADA charges also predict the receipt of other types of discrimination charges.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that educational outreach efforts aimed at reducing the level of perceived disability discrimination in the workplace can be more efficient by targeting employer groups who are likely to receive charges under not only the ADA but also other statutes as well.
Effect of coffee on blood pressure and electrocardiographic changes in nicotine users
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Verma Dileep Kumar , Narayan Jagdish , Kanawjia Preeti , Ghildiyal Archna 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the effect of coffee on Heart rate Blood pressure and ECG changes in nicotine users.Methods: The study was conducted on 120 volunteers aged 21-40 years and with body mass index (BMI) between 17.3-28.0 kg /m2 .The subjects were divided into two groups: Control (n=40) and Study group (n=80).Results: Observation suggests that increment in blood pressure, recorded in study group after coffee ingestion, was lesser than that of control group. We also observed that there were no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in any group while the mean arterial pressure was higher in both the groups following coffee ingestion.Conclusion: Coffee ingestion decreases the heart rate with no changes in QTc, hence we concluded that less amount of coffee ingestion may not be harmful.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10090Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 46-48
Rosai Dorfman disease- A rare entity: Case report in North Indian male
Authors: Baruah Ankur , Goyal Parul , Ramesh K. L. 
Published: November 2014

Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare disease characterized by histiocytic proliferation of lymph node in young adults. We present here the case of a 67 years old Indian male presenting with lymphadenopathy and pyrexia of unknown origin for 16 months duration. Histopathological examination of lymph nodes revealed emperipolesis consistent with the diagnosis of Rosai Dorfman disease. The patient recovered with steroid treatment .Our case is one of the few cases of adult onset Rosai Dorfman Disease reported from India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10288Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 87-90
Outcome of fertility and pregnancy following hysteroscopic resection of septum using versapoint needle
Authors: Bhat Vidya V. , Dutta Indranil , Bhat B. S. , Dutta Dilip Kumar 
Published: November 2014

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of hysteroscopic septum resection by Versapoint and future fertility outcome. 105 subfertile patients who underwent hysteroscopic septum resection using the Bipolar Versapoint system were analysed. Methods: Hysteroscopic Metroplasty was performed on 105 patients with uterine septum and history of infertility. The metroplasty procedure was performed on 105 patients using versapoint. The outcome was evaluated based on fertility outcomes. Study Design: Retrospective study Results: The pregnancy rates were noted to be around 96.5% following the procedure and live birth rate were around 82%. Conclusion: Hysteroscopic metroplasty using Bipolar Versapoint had better fertility outcomes and less risks. Future fertility and live birth rates had significantly improved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10904Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 63-65
The changing face of medical education: The impact and effectiveness of evidence generating community health project in medical students
Authors: Shah Trushna , Purohit Geetanjali , Pandit Niraj , George Ajay 
Published: November 2014

Background: Evidence-based practice usually refers to gathering quantitative data based upon the best decision about what constitutes effective or efficient practice or what is sometimes referred to as “best practices”. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the student’s perception and learning effectiveness towards Evidence Generating Community Health Projects (EviGenCHIP). Materials and Methods: This study was questionnaire based cross sectional study carried out in SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 110 MBBS students (III Year) participated. After obtaining ethical clearance the data was collected and analyzed. Data was compiled in excel sheet, analyzed for percentage and proportion. Results: In the present study 100 students (90.9%) believed that research in medical fi eld is important. On the contrary 40% students believed that there is no need to know about research methodology. After Evidence Generating Community Health Projects students were sensitized to the importance of protocol writing (56.3%), searching literature (40.9%), structured questionnaires, data collection and its analysis (45%), report writing (52.7%) and presentation as an integral part of research process. Conclusion: Evidence Generating Community Health Projects can be an effective tool for medical education, where they become exposed and sensitized to the research process at undergraduate level. It also improves active learning in public health and research skills. This teaching and learning model can be considered in other medical schools in the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10951 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 72-76
Mass lesions of ovary - Tumor markers can be misleading
Authors: Savithri Moothiringode Chitrabhanu , Abraham Usha Mary 
Published: November 2014

Background: Ovarian mass lesions could be neoplastic or non neoplastic. The less aggressive lesions should be distinguished from carcinomas which require extensive surgical procedures. CA-125 is a tumor marker used for evaluating ovarian carcinomas. In this series we found seven cases of sex cord stromal tumors (SCT) and endometriotic cysts with raised CA-125 levels, the highest value being 1540 IU/ml. Aims and Objectives: 1) To retrospectively evaluate cases which presented as mass lesions of ovary over a two year period along with CA-125 levels if available. 2) To find out the number of non carcinomatous lesions with elevation of the tumor marker CA-125. Materials and Methods: Total number of ovarian tumors and endometriotic cysts reported in the Department of Pathology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India in the two year period of 2012 and 2013 were retrospectively identified. CA-125 levels if available were noted. Results: Primary ovarian tumors comprised 180 cases, the rest being metastastic adenocarcinomas. There were 15 cases of SCT and 21 endometriotic cysts. CA 125 levels were increased in 2 cases each of granulosa cell tumors and fibrothecomas and 3 cases of endometriotic cysts. Highest value was 1540 IU/ml. Conclusion: Elevation of the tumor marker CA 125 often tricks the clinician into making a provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of ovary. It is important to understand the limitations in the interpretation of tumor markers so that more aggressive treatment modalities are avoided. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10983 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 26-29
Screening of kidney disease in HIV infected hospitalised patients
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Trivedi Arvind , Aneja G. K. , Atam V , Arya T.V.S. , Vandana Dr. , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: To study the renal disease in newly diagnosed HIV infected hospitalized patients and to look for possible correlation of CD4 count with prevalence of renal disease. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Department of Medicine/Endocrinology in tertiary care health center in western U.P during the study period of one year. The patients were evaluated clinically and biochemically after obtaining the informed consent. Result: The study was conducted on 100 HIV/AIDS patients, out of which 68 (68%) were males and 32 (32%) females with a Highest incidence of HIV/AIDS (51%) in the age group of 25-35 years. Microalbuminuria was present in 20 (20%) HIV patients with majority (60%) being in the age group 25-35 years. Prevalence of microalbuminuria among males was 55% and among females 45%. Microalbuminuria was further evaluated by calculating the ratio of microalbumin to urinary creatinine, 83% patient had ratio >10 mg/mmol and 17% had this ratio <10 mg/mmol. The ratio of microalbumin to urinary creatinine >10 mg/mmol was 60% in age 25-35 year, 25% in the age group of 36-45 year followed by 15% in the age group of 45-55 year patients. Chi-square test was used to calculate the significance of the correlation between CD4 counts with the presence of microalbuminuria in HIV patients. There was a significant correlation between CD4 count <200/μL and presence of microalbuminuria (p =0006). Statistically significant proteinuria (30-300 mg/24 hour) was found in 15 patients with CD4 count <200/μL of those patients found positive for microalbuminuria. Protein/ creatinine ratio was <0.2 in 18 patients, 2 had ratio in the range of 0.2-3.5 and none in the nephrotic range (>3.5). Conclusion: Study evaluation shows that there is statistically significant microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS infected patients and this is more prevalent in patients with CD4 count <200/μL as compared to patients with CD4 count >200/μL in keeping with previous studies. The routine laboratory measurements like serum creatinine and proteinuria fail to recognize the patients with early renal involvement. In view of the high prevalence of renal dysfunction among hospitalized HIV infected patients, it is recommended to use microalbuminuria as routine screening tests in those who are HIV positive. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11376 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 58-62
Bacteria causing ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in a Kenyan population
Authors: Ochieng' Naomi , Okechi Humphrey , Ferson Susan , Albright A. Leland 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hydrocephalus. Most data about these infections come from the Western literature. Few data about infecting organisms in Africa are available, yet knowledge of these organisms is important for the prevention and treatment of infectious complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the organisms cultured from infected shunts in a rural Kenyan hospital.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective study of patients with VPS infections recorded in the neurosurgical database of BethanyKids at Kijabe Hospital between September 2010 and July 2012.

RESULTS
Among 53 VPS infections confirmed by culture, 68% occurred in patients who were younger than 6 months. Seventy-nine percent of the infections occurred within 2 months after shunt insertion. Only 51% of infections were caused by Staphylococcus species (Staphylococcus aureus 25%, other Staphylococcus species 26%), whereas 40% were caused by gram-negative bacteria. All S. aureus infections and 79% of other Staphylococcus infections were sensitive to cefazolin, but only 1 of 21 gram-negative bacteria was sensitive to it. The majority of gram-negative bacterial infections were multidrug resistant, but 17 of the 20 gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to meropenem. Gram-negative bacterial infections were associated with worse outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
The high proportion of gram-negative infections differs from data in the Western literature, in which Staphylococcus epidermidis is by far the most common organism. Once a patient is diagnosed with a VPS infection in Kenya, immediate treatment is recommended to cover both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. Data from other Sub-Saharan countries are needed to determine if those countries have the same increased frequency of gram-negative infections.