bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining inhibitor tolerance and D-xylose fermentation in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient lignocellulose-based bioethanol production
Authors: Demeke Mekonnen M , Dumortier Françoise , Li Yingying , Broeckx Tom , Foulquié-Moreno María R , Thevelein Johan M 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
In addition to efficient pentose utilization, high inhibitor tolerance is a key trait required in any organism used for economically viable industrial bioethanol production with lignocellulose biomass. Although recent work has succeeded in establishing efficient xylose fermentation in robust industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, the resulting strains still lacked sufficient inhibitor tolerance for efficient sugar fermentation in lignocellulose hydrolysates. The aim of the present work was to combine high xylose fermentation activity and high inhibitor tolerance in a single industrial yeast strain.

Results
We have screened 580 yeast strains for high inhibitor tolerance using undetoxified acid-pretreated spruce hydrolysate and identified a triploid industrial baker’s yeast strain as having the highest inhibitor tolerance. From this strain, a mating competent diploid segregant with even higher inhibitor tolerance was obtained. It was crossed with the recently developed D-xylose fermenting diploid industrial strain GS1.11-26, with the Ethanol Red genetic background. Screening of 819 diploid segregants from the tetraploid hybrid resulted in two strains, GSF335 and GSF767, combining high inhibitor tolerance and efficient xylose fermentation. In a parallel approach, meiotic recombination of GS1.11-26 with a haploid segregant of Ethanol Red and screening of 104 segregants resulted in a similar inhibitor tolerant diploid strain, GSE16. The three superior strains exhibited significantly improved tolerance to inhibitors in spruce hydrolysate, higher glucose consumption rates, higher aerobic growth rates and higher maximal ethanol accumulation capacity in very-high gravity fermentation, compared to GS1.11-26. In complex medium, the D-xylose utilization rate by the three superior strains ranged from 0.36 to 0.67 g/g DW/h, which was lower than that of GS1.11-26 (1.10 g/g DW/h). On the other hand, in batch fermentation of undetoxified acid-pretreated spruce hydrolysate, the three superior strains showed comparable D-xylose utilization rates as GS1.11-26, probably because of their higher inhibitor tolerance. They produced up to 23% more ethanol compared to Ethanol Red.

Conclusions
We have successfully constructed three superior industrial S. cerevisiae strains that combine efficient D-xylose utilization with high inhibitor tolerance. Since the background strain Ethanol Red has a proven record of successful industrial application, the three new superior strains have strong potential for direct application in industrial bioethanol production.
ETHNOGRAPHY ON THE ROAD: INFRASTRUCTURAL VISION AND THE UNRULY PRESENT IN CONTEMPORARY DAKAR
Authors: Melly Caroline 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDuring his term as President, Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal sought to make tangible and proximal his ‘vision’ for the country's future through the construction and rehabilitation of vital arteries in the capital, Dakar. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research, this essay takes as its focus these ambitious road projects and their local interpretations and everyday effects. I argue that Dakar's infrastructural transformation made spectacularly visible not only distant and implausible futures but also a very particular vision of the present that rationalized, emphasized, and even celebrated the everyday hardships wrought by infrastructural change. Avowedly ahistorical and centred squarely on the individual, these discourses of hardship cast infrastructural change as a future-focused project brought about through ‘temporary’ inconveniences and disruptions endured for the sake of the nation. What emerges from this analysis is a more complex view of neo-liberal reform and urban change in contemporary Africa.
HEROES OF THE ROAD: RACE, GENDER AND THE POLITICS OF MOBILITY IN TWENTIETH CENTURY TANZANIA
Authors: Grace Joshua 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article follows the careers of two African drivers in social environments that circumscribed their movement and access to technology. It begins with Vincent Njovu, whose memoir,The First Driver of Tanganyika, describes the driver's ability to navigate racial hierarchies of movement and technology, including the unlikely circumstances in which he fell in love with an ideal colonial machine. It then explores post-colonial cultures of gender and modernization by using the unpublished memoirs of Hawa Ramadhani, a woman who used automotive skills learned among nuns in the 1940s to become Tanzania's most respected driver. Paired together, the life histories of these drivers challenge historical narratives in which movement and technology (roads and motor vehicles, in particular) are used to discuss Africa's marginalization and decline. Instead, they show how transgressive practices of mobility can be used to challenge social and political orders and inspire new ways to think and act at uncertain historical junctures. Roads in these narratives are defined less by their danger than by their potential to turn unlikely individuals into heroes.
ROADSIDE COMFORTS: TRUCK STOPS ON THE FORTY DAYS ROAD IN WESTERN SUDAN
Authors: Beck Kurt 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis contribution examines the truck stop on the desert track known as the Forty Days Road that connects the Sudanese capital with Darfur and the regions beyond. The truck stop is represented as the main roadside institution to regulate roadside sociality, channel the relationships between travelling and roadside folk, and generally mediate between residents and strangers. On the one hand, it serves as a gateway to small-town Sudan and the hinterland, providing the social infrastructure for the commercial flow of trucks, commodities and passengers as well as for the flow of news and fashions. On the other hand, by catering for the needs of passing truck drivers and other travellers, it operates as a safe haven. It provides shelter in the most comprehensive sense of the word and thus constitutes a protected place for recovering from the pains of travelling. At the same time, however, these roadside practices of brokerage and hospitality also serve the resident society of small-town Sudan as a means to keep the travelling strangers safely apart in a circumscribed domain and, thus, keep the influences from the road in quarantine.
DWELLING ON THE ROAD: ROUTINES, RITUALS AND ROADBLOCKS IN SOUTHERN GHANA
Authors: Klaeger Gabriel 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe Accra–Kumasi road, one of Ghana's most important trunk roads, traverses numerous towns and settlements whose residents at times engage intimately with the road on their doorstep. In this article, I provide ethnographic insights into the ways in which roadside dwellers conceptualize – and spatialize – the road and its roadside through distinct repertoires of movement (performed and encountered), through localized storytelling and narratives, through self-reflection, and also through disruptive and vigilante actions. I describe the spatial practices that are at the core of the dwellers' ‘anthropological’ experience of the road and its roadside, a space that is continuously domesticated, appropriated and, thus, implicated in the mundane and everyday. The dwellers' everyday practices, as well as the exceptional performances oriented to the road, appear as closely intertwined both with the liveliness, socialities and opportunities the road affords, as well as with its dangers and potential for destruction and death. Thus the ‘ambivalent nature of road experiences’, in Masquelier's phrase – namely the experience of the road as a space of both perils and possibilities – is crucial to how roadside dwellers socially produce the Accra–Kumasi road.
ENVISIONING GOVERNANCE: EXPECTATIONS AND ESTRANGEMENTS OF TRANSFORMED RULE IN GLENDALE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Dubbeld Bernard 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis article explores how, in the village of Glendale in KwaZulu-Natal, residents and local government officials – including councillors and municipal technicians – ‘see’ the post-apartheid state. I show how residents of the village regard the government – despite extensive state intervention – as inadequate, complaining especially of their ‘invisible’ and ‘impersonal’ character. Indeed, for them, democracy has brought anything but ‘direct rule’. And yet, while chiefly rule is sometimes invoked as a favoured alternative, I argue that people's estrangement from democratic government is not the desire to return to ‘culture’ but rather an expression of structural difficulties central to South Africa's increasingly tenuous experiment with participatory democracy. I suggest that these difficulties are also not reducible to state failure or corruption but point towards contradictions in contemporary citizenship.
Longitudinal evaluation of thyroid autoimmunity and function in pregnant Korean women
Authors: Han Seong-Min , Han Jeong Hee , Park Jina A. , Quinn Frank A. , Park Joonseok , Oh Eunsuk 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and child. For this reason, it is important to understand thyroid status in pregnant women. However, there are relatively few published studies that examine thyroid function tests (TFT) and thyroid autoimmunity in non-Western pregnant women.

Methods: Serum samples were longitudinally collected throughout pregnancy from 108 Korean women. TFT, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) testing was performed. The impact of gestational age on TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab levels was evaluated and gestational age-specific reference intervals for TFT were established in antibody negative women.

Results: In the first trimester, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab were positive in 13.9% and 16.7% of women, respectively. For antibody positive women, median autoantibody levels for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab dropped from first trimester to near term (133.7–10.5 IU/mL, and 162.1–21.9 IU/mL, respectively). Antibody status influenced thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during the first trimester, and TSH, free T4 (FT4) and total T4 (TT4) in the early second trimester. Later in gestation, no significant differences in TFT were found based on antibody status. Gestational age-specific reference intervals for TFT were calculated in antibody negative women.

Conclusions: Laboratory evidence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is common in this population of pregnant Korean women. Antibody status influences TFT values in the first and early second trimester. Thyroid autoantibody status and titer change in an individual-specific manner throughout pregnancy. Gestational age-specific reference intervals should be utilized for interpretation of TFT results in pregnant women.
Natural products and the aging process
Authors: Ergin Volkan , Bali Elif Burcu , Hariry Reza Ebrahimi , Karasu Çimen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Literature surveys show that the most of the research that have been conducted on the effect of herbal remedies on many tissue pathologies, including metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular decline, neurodegeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and skin inflammation, all lead to an accelerated aging process. The increased carbonylation of proteins (carbonyl stress) disturbing their function has been indicated as an underlying mechanism of cellular senescence and age-related diseases. Because it is also linked to the carbonyl stress, aging chronic disease and inflammation plays an important role in understanding the clinical implications of cellular stress response and relevant markers. Greater knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in several pathologies associated with aging would provide a better understanding to help us to develop suitable strategies, use specific targets to mitigate the effect of human aging, prevent particularly chronic degenerative diseases and improve quality of life. However, research is lacking on the herbal compounds affecting cellular aging signaling as well as studies regarding the action mechanism(s) of natural products in prevention of the age-related disease. This review provides leads for identifying new medicinal agents or potential phytochemical drugs from plant sources for the prevention or delaying cellular aging processes and the treatment of some disorders related with accelerated body aging.
Adipose tissue and bone: role of PPARγ in adipogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Kawai Masanobu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a critical factor for the reciprocal regulation of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Because of their insulin-sensitizing effect, PPARγ agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the use of TZDs has also been revealed to cause bone loss and bone fractures. The nodal point of regulation of skeletal metabolism by PPARγ activation may reside in its role in cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells toward adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis. In addition, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PPARγ possesses a circadian expression profile and plays an important role in the skeletal and adipose metabolism regulated by the circadian clock network. Recently, we have shown that nocturnin, a circadian-regulated gene, enhances PPARγ activity, resulting in the suppression of osteogenesis and enhancement of adipogenesis, thus providing additional evidence of the link between circadian networks and PPARγ. In this review, we will focus on the emerging concept of PPARγ as a regulator for skeletal metabolism and summarize recent findings about one of the mechanisms on how PPARγ is connected to the circadian-regulatory system, which involves nocturnin.
Mixed Convection Three-dimensional Flow with Hall and Ion-slip Effects
Authors: Hayat T. , Awais M. , Nawaz M. , Iram S. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this article we investigate the viscous dissipation effects on mixed convection three-dimensional flow of Jeffery fluid over a vertical stretching surface. Hall and ion effects are also taken into account. The problem is first formulated and then non-dimensionalized by employing the suitable similarity transformations. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) has been employed for the computations of solutions of velocity and temperature fields. The convergence of derived series solutions is shown. The velocity components and temperature have been examined for several important parameters of interest. Numerical computations for skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are displayed and discussed.
Users in uses of language: embodied identity in Youth Justice Conferencing
Authors: Martin J. R. , Zappavigna Michele , Dwyer Paul , Cléirigh Chris 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper offers a multimodal perspective on how identities are performed and negotiated in discourse, concentrating on the interaction of language and body language within a particular genre, Youth Justice Conferencing. These conferences operate as a diversionary form of sentencing in the juvenile justice system of New South Wales, Australia. Typically, they involve a young person who has committed an offense coming face to face with the victim of their crime, in the presence of family members, community workers, police, and a conference “convenor.” We conduct close, multimodal discourse analysis of the interactions that occur during the Rejoinder step in a particular conference, and investigate an “angry boy” identity enacted by two young persons at this point in the proceedings. This persona is very different to the forthcoming and remorseful persona idealized by conference designers. The role of body language in intermodally proposing and negotiating bonds within the conference is explored.
Using systemic functional linguistics to explore digital technologies in educational contexts
Authors: Coffin Caroline 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOver the last decade, technological innovation has led to new pedagogic sites, such as online discussion forums and virtual 3D worlds. In these sites students and teachers use language and other meaning-making resources to engage in educational argumentation. However, there have been few studies which have systematically explored the role of lexicogrammatical and other semiotic resources in the making of meaning in these contexts. This is because the main body of research underpinning claims around the affordances and limits of online argumentation is located within sociocognitive paradigms. By drawing on the tools of systemic functional linguistics and, where relevant, systemic functional-multimodal analysis, this article therefore offers a fresh perspective. I show how such tools can illuminate both the overarching textual shape and structure of online discussion forums and the ways in which meanings are made through language and other semiotic resources.
What do texts do? The context-construing work of news
Authors: Lukin Annabelle 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWithin the framework of Halliday's text and context relations, with key extensions of this model by Hasan, this paper presents an analysis of a TV news report by Australia's public broadcaster (the ABC) concerning the 2003 “Coalition” invasion of Iraq, in order to present a thesis about the context-construing work done by the register (i.e., functional variety) known as “news.” Sociologists have argued that news is a symbolic commodity, in the business of purveying forms of consciousness. How does news do this? And what, more specifically, can be said about the social process which news texts realize? This paper considers these questions, drawing on the analysis of the texture of the ABC TV news report, based on Hasan's “cohesive harmony” schema. The findings from the analysis are the basis on which I argue the news item relied for its continuity on the derived and abstract notion of “the Iraq war,” while failing to present a coherent picture of the actualized violence perpetrated by the “Coalition” as it rolled out its invasion of Iraq.
Evaluating experience in funny ways: how friends bond through conversational hum
Authors: Knight Naomi K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper explores conversational humor between friends and demonstrates through a systemic functional linguistic (SFL) perspective how friends play with evaluative meanings in their humor to achieve bonding and affiliation. Sequences of talk that feature shared laughter are analyzed and it is shown that speakers make humorous contrasts between social values related to their friendship groups and community memberships. Using SFL tools like appraisal, the examples reveal contrasts as well as layering of evaluations of experiences, people, and things in the speakers' lives with underlying community values known to be shared with those with whom they are joking. It is argued that this “convivial conversational humor” is one kind of
Clause complex manifestation in depression
Authors: Nagar Revital , Fine Jonathan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we investigate whether the semantic development of text in free discursive writing distinguishes currently depressed, formerly depressed, and never depressed writers. Theoretically motivated linguistic categories of elaboration (restating, exemplifying), extension (adding, contrasting), and enhancement (qualifying with specific details) were used to code the semantic transitions in essays of 25 currently depressed, 24 formerly depressed, and 28 never depressed individuals diagnosed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, current symptoms of depression) and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD-L, lifetime depression). The currently depressed used more elaboration and extension and less enhancement. The severity of both current and lifetime depression is correlated positively with elaboration and extension and negatively with enhancement. The difficulty in concentrating and the self-focus in depression are associated with more elaborations, more extensions, and fewer enhancements. Writers with depression add less “color” that enriches their texts with details. Both mood state and cognitive processing are tracked in written language.
Visualizing patterns of appraisal in texts and corpora
Authors: Almutairi Bandar Alhumaidi A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper addresses the need for text visualization systems that can support discourse analysis. While fruitful work has been undertaken exploring the paradigmatic axis in systemic functional linguistics, there is much scope for complementary modeling along the syntagmatic axis. However, in exploring long-range text patterns we face the problem that it is difficult for a human analyst to track complex and unfolding relationships in what is high-dimensional data. I introduce AppAnn, a system designed to support linguists in undertaking such long-range analysis and demonstrate how it can be used to visualize patterns of appraisal in texts.
Field Trial Results of an Innovative ES-PCP System
Authors: Rushby M. J. , Denholm A.. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
An innovative ES-PCP system has been developed in conjunction with a major operator and has now entered field trials. The system enables rig-less deployment capability on coiled tubing, and is compatible with conventional jointed tubing. It fundamentally addresses many of the issues associated with horizontal wells and sand management, and provides a highly efficient solution for applications from gas well dewatering, cyclic steam stimulation, and CHOPS. This paper describes some aspects of the design and qualification of the system, and presents initial feedback from the first field trials.
The system utilises downhole permanent magnet motor technology and a magnetic torque converter, resulting in both scalability and high operating efficiencies. This dramatically reduces the total power requirements, and the need for expensive surface electrical installations.
A progressive cavity pump is incorporated on bottom, allowing this small diameter system to be set at any depth and in the horizontal. Combined with the ability to run at variable speed and rotate in either direction; sand related failures and workovers are reduced. This novel configuration reduces both the surface footprint and environmental impact of the well. It also reduces deployment and workover requirements; resulting in fewer and safer operations.
By combining unique technology and a novel configuration an ES-PCP system has been developed which reduces total cost of ownership. The system has entered field trials in the San Joaquin Valley fields in California for a heavy oil production application, and Western Australia for a gas well dewatering application.