bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social functioning and autonomic nervous system sensitivity across vocal and musical emotion in Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Järvinen Anna , Ng Rowena , Crivelli Davide , Neumann Dirk , Arnold Andrew J. , Woo‐VonHoogenstyn Nicholas , Lai Philip , Trauner Doris , Bellugi Ursula 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBoth Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with unusual auditory phenotypes with respect to processing vocal and musical stimuli, which may be shaped by the atypical social profiles that characterize the syndromes. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity to vocal and musical emotional stimuli was examined in 12 children with WS, 17 children with ASD, and 20 typically developing (TD) children, and related to their level of social functioning. The results of this small‐scale study showed that after controlling for between‐group differences in cognitive ability, all groups showed similar emotion identification performance across conditions. Additionally, in ASD, lower autonomic reactivity to human voice, and in TD, to musical emotion, was related to more normal social functioning. Compared to TD, both clinical groups showed increased arousal to vocalizations. A further result highlighted uniquely increased arousal to music in WS, contrasted with a decrease in arousal in ASD and TD. The ASD and WS groups exhibited arousal patterns suggestive of diminished habituation to the auditory stimuli. The results are discussed in the context of the clinical presentation of WS and ASD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:17–26, 2016.
Rfx2 is required for spermatogenesis in the mouse
Authors: Shawlot William , Vazquez‐Chantada Mercedes , Wallingford John B. , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryRFX transcription factors are key regulators of ciliogenesis in vertebrates. In Xenopus and zebrafish embryos, knockdown of Rfx2 causes defects in neural tube closure and in left–right axis patterning. To determine the essential role of the Rfx2 gene in mammalian development, we generated Rfx2‐deficient mice using an embryonic stem cell clone containing a lacZ gene trap reporter inserted into the first intron of the Rfx2 gene. We found that the Rfx2 lacZ reporter is expressed in ciliated tissues during mouse development including the node, the floor plate and the dorsal neural tube. However, mice homozygous for the Rfx2 gene trap mutation did not have defects in neural tube closure or in organ situs. The gene trap insertion appears to create a null allele as Rfx2 mRNA was not detected in Rfx2gt/gt embryos. Although Rfx2‐deficient mice do not have an obvious embryonic phenotype, we found that Rfx2gt/gt males are infertile because of a defect in spermatid maturation at or before the round and elongating spermatid stage. Our results indicate that Rfx2 is not essential for embryonic development in the mouse but is required for spermatogenesis. genesis 53:604–611, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual variation in parental workload and breeding productivity in female European starlings: is the effort worth it?
Authors: Fowler Melinda A. , Williams Tony D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyzed individual variation in work load (nest visit rate) during chick‐rearing, and the consequences of this variation in terms of breeding productivity, in a highly synchronous breeder, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) focusing on female birds. There was marked (10‐ to 16‐fold) variation in total, female and male nest visit rates, among individuals, but individual variation in female nest visit rate was independent of environment (rainfall, temperature) and metrics of individual quality (laying date, clutch size, amount of male provisioning help), and was only weakly associated with chick demand (i.e., day 6 brood size). Female nest visit rate was independent of date and experimentally delayed birds provisioned at the same rate as peak‐nesting birds; supporting a lack of effect of date per se. Brood size at fledging was positively but weakly related to total nest visit rate (male + female), with >fivefold variation in nest visit rate for any given brood size, and in females brood size at fledging and chick mass at fledging were independent of female nest visit rate, that is, individual variation in workload was not associated with higher productivity. Nevertheless, nest visit rate in females was repeatable among consecutive days (6–8 posthatching), and between peak (first) and second broods, but not among years. Our data suggest that individual females behave as if committed to a certain level of parental care at the outset of their annual breeding attempt, but this varies among years, that is, behavior is not fixed throughout an individual's life but represents an annually variable decision. We suggest females are making predictable decisions about their workload during provisioning that maximizes their overall fitness based on an integration of information on their current environment (although these cues currently remain unidentified).
The Catalytic Role of Extra Molecules in the Aminolysis or Heterolytic Cleavage of an Iridium Alkoxycarbene Complex
Authors: Talavera María , Bolaño Sandra , Bravo Jorge , García‐Fontán Soledad , Hermida‐Ramón Jose M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA theoretical analysis was performed on reactions involving iridium alkoxycarbene complex [IrCp*Cl{=C(OCH3)CHCPh2}(PPh2Me)]PF6 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), which can undergo aminolysis or heterolytic cleavage of the carbon(sp3)–oxygen bond. The energy barriers of these pathways were estimated and the reasons for the reactivity of the system evaluated. Aminolysis or heterolytic cleavage of the carbon(sp3)–oxygen bond is the result of a subtle equilibrium between electronic, steric, and cooperative effects. Cooperative effects facilitate the proton transfer that occurs in aminolysis through formation of a bridge by one or several molecules. These molecules act as catalysts that decrease the energy barrier and change the favored pathway, so that the environment is a key factor in the reactivity of this complex.
A Family of Dinuclear Iron(II) SCO Compounds Based on a 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Bridging Ligand
Authors: Herold Christian F. , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eva Rentschler at the Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. The cover image shows a new dinuclear iron(II) SCO compound as a molecular switch illustrating temperature‐dependent spin state switching upon cooling or heating. The 1,3,4‐thiadiazole backbone of the bridging ligand was necessary to achieve the diamagnetic [LS–LS] ground state, so far not observed in related systems.
Curbing thermo‐oxidative degradation of frying oils: Current knowledge and challenges
Authors: Aladedunye Felix A. 
Published: August 2015

Deep fat frying is an ancient process with a lot of open questions. This deceptively simple food preparation technique is immensely complicated by the stringent conditions applied during the process, coupled with the inherent lability of the frying medium and the unavoidable meddling from the food materials and other minor components. The various factors affecting frying stability and performance of oil can be broadly categorized into two groups: (1) The external factors, which include frying temperature, frying time, presence of oxygen, and type of fryers, among others, are factors that can be manipulated by the frying operators; (2) the internal or endogenous factors are oil‐specific and include fatty acid composition and their distribution on triacylglycerols, and the amounts and composition of the minor components. Limiting thermo‐oxidative degradation and consequently extending the useful life of frying oils often involves deliberate optimization and control of some of these factors. Available techniques for curbing thermo‐oxidative decomposition of frying oils and the inherent challenges are discussed.Practical applications: This review provides updates to our current knowledge of the salient factors affecting frying performance of oils/fats and specifically highlights both the opportunities for optimization and the accompanying daunting challenges. With this information, institutional frying operators can practically extend the discard point of their frying oils and deliver healthier fried products, while ensuring the safety of the frying facility and the technicians.A trigonal bipyramid model showing the three basic optimizable parameters of frying. The base (striped) represents the optimized region for highest stability of the frying oil and the best quality fried product (operator's target). Higher values (bold lines) tapers off stability while lower values (dotted lines) decrease food quality.
Synthesis of 2‐Arylphenol Derivatives through a One‐Pot Suzuki–Miyaura Cou­pling/Dehydrogenative Aromatization Sequence with Pd/C Catalysis
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Nishina Yuta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of 2‐arylphenols starting from 2‐iodo‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and arylboronic acids through sequential Suzuki–Miyaura coupling/dehydrogenative aromatization with Pd/C catalysis has been developed. A range of arylboronic acids serve as substrates, including those containing electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups. Additionally, one‐pot synthesis of di‐ or trisubstituted phenols bearing a phenyl group at the ortho position are also generated by using 2‐iodo‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one derivatives as substrate. In the present method, commercially available and easily removable Pd/C was employed as a catalyst without any ligands. The operationally simple procedure and accessible conditions were used to provide modified phenols as the sole product in moderate to high yields.
Predicting the effects of copper on local population decline of 2 marine organisms, cobia fish and whiteleg shrimp, based on avoidance response
Authors: Araújo Cristiano V.M. , Cedeño-Macías Luís A. , Vera-Vera Victoria C. , Salvatierra David , Rodríguez Elizabeth N.V. , Zambrano Ufredo , Kuri Samir 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The present study focuses on avoidance response to predict population decline of the marine fish Rachycentron canadum (cobia) and larvae of the estuarine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp). Avoidance of approximately 60% was recorded for the cobia fry exposed to 1.0 mg Cu/L, 1.60 mg Cu/L, and 1.80 mg Cu/L. For the shrimp larvae, avoidance was approximately 80% for all Cu concentrations. The population decline of cobia fry was conditioned by avoidance in lower concentrations. However, in higher concentrations mortality begins to play an important role. The displacement toward uncontaminated habitats might determine shrimp population decline. A Cu-contaminated environment can determine the habitat selection of both species and, therefore, their local population decline. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:405–410. © 2015 SETAC
Degradable poly(apigenin) polymer inhibits tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Cochran David B. , Gray Lindsay N. , Anderson Kimberly W. , Dziubla Thomas D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCancer and the inflammatory system share a complex intertwined relationship. For instance, in response to an injury or stress, vascular endothelial cells will express cell adhesion molecules as a means of recruiting leukocytes. However, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been shown to highjack this expression for the adhesion and invasion during the metastatic cascade. As such, the initiation of endothelial cell inflammation, either by surgical procedures (cancer resection) or chemotherapy can inadvertently increase the metastatic potential of CTCs. Yet, systemic delivery of anti‐inflammatories, which weaken the entire immune system, may not be preferred in some treatment settings. In this work, we demonstrate that a long‐term releasing flavone‐based polymer and subsequent nanoparticle delivery system can inhibit tumor cell adhesion, through the suppression of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. The degradation of a this anti‐inflammatory polymer provides longer term, localized release profile of active therapeutic drug in nanoparticle form as compared with that of the free drug, permitting more targeted anti‐metastatic therapies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1438–1447, 2016.
Biofunctionalization of conductive hydrogel coatings to support olfactory ensheathing cells at implantable electrode interfaces
Authors: Hassarati Rachelle T. , Marcal Helder , John L. , Foster R. , Green Rylie A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMechanical discrepancies between conventional platinum (Pt) electrodes and neural tissue often result in scar tissue encapsulation of implanted neural recording and stimulating devices. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a supportive glial cell in the olfactory nervous system which can transition through glial scar tissue while supporting the outgrowth of neural processes. It has been proposed that this function can be used to reconnect implanted electrodes with the target neural pathways. Conductive hydrogel (CH) electrode coatings have been proposed as a substrate for supporting OEC survival and proliferation at the device interface. To determine an ideal CH to support OECs, this study explored eight CH variants, with differing biochemical composition, in comparison to a conventional Pt electrodes. All CH variants were based on a biosynthetic hydrogel, consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) and heparin, through which the conductive polymer (CP) poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) was electropolymerized. The biochemical composition was varied through incorporation of gelatin and sericin, which were expected to provide cell adherence functionality, supporting attachment, and cell spreading. Combinations of these biomolecules varied from 1 to 3 wt %. The physical, electrical, and biological impact of these molecules on electrode performance was assessed. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the addition of these biological molecules had little significant effect on the coating's ability to safely transfer charge. Cell attachment studies, however, determined that the incorporation of 1 wt % gelatin in the hydrogel was sufficient to significantly increase the attachment of OECs compared to the nonfunctionalized CH. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 104B: 712–722, 2016.
The effect of quinidine, a strong P‐glycoprotein inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and central nervous system distribution of naloxegol
Authors: Bui Khanh , She Fahua , Zhou Diansong , Butler Kathleen , Al‐Huniti Nidal , Sostek Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNaloxegol is a PEGylated, oral, peripherally acting μ‐opioid receptor antagonist approved in the United States for treatment of opioid‐induced constipation in patients with noncancer pain. Naloxegol is metabolized by CYP3A, and its properties as a substrate for the P‐glycoprotein (PGP) transporter limit its central nervous system (CNS) permeability. This double‐blind, randomized, 2‐part, crossover study in healthy volunteers evaluated the effect of quinidine (600 mg PO), a CYP3A/PGP transporter inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and CNS distribution of naloxegol (25 mg PO). In addition, the effects of quinidine on morphine (5 mg/70 kg IV)‐induced miosis and exposure to naloxegol were assessed. Coadministration of quinidine and naloxegol increased naloxegol's AUC 1.4‐fold and Cmax 2.5‐fold but did not antagonize morphine‐induced miosis, suggesting that PGP inhibition does not increase the CNS penetration of naloxegol. Naloxegol pharmacokinetics was unaltered by coadministration of morphine and either quinidine or placebo; conversely, pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites (in the presence of quinidine) were unaltered by coadministration of naloxegol. Naloxegol was safe and well tolerated, alone or in combination with quinidine, morphine, or both. The observed increase in exposure to naloxegol in the presence of quinidine is primarily attributed to quinidine's properties as a weak CYP3A inhibitor.
Seven Decades of ‘Development’, and Now What?
Authors: Koehler Gabriele 
Published: August 2015

AbstractYear 2015 is slated as a year of transformation to address unprecedented political, ecological, social, gender and economic inequities. UN negotiations are underway to produce new sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper argues that ideas matter in the conceptualisation of development agendas, which in turn depend on power constellations within and between the first UN—the member states, the second UN—the UN secretariat and agencies, and the third UN—civil society. The paper tracks past development decades and examines whether the SDGs can and will be as visionary as the UN Charter adopted in 1945, which created moral pressure for institutional and policy change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universality and Ambition in the Post‐2015 Development Agenda: A Comparison of Global and National Targets
Authors: Scott Andrew , Lucci Paula 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe post‐2015 moment is a moment in time in which multiple efforts are being made to envision a better long‐term future for humanity and to forge, post‐2015, a new and different global development trajectory. The replacement of the Millennium Development Goals by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is occurring in the shadow of the global financial crisis and the reaching of planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity. There is thus a need not only for new global goals but also a new global development paradigm. The papers in this special issue examine the SDGs in the making and indicate the extent to which they may be associated with a new global development paradigm. They identify key weaknesses in the emerging SDGs in terms of the articulation of global and local priorities, the failure to address the synergies and trade‐offs between different goals and the lack of an underlying policy framework. They also suggest that to be effective, new global goals require new global rules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐2015 Global Governance of Official Development Finance: Harnessing the Renaissance of Public Entrepreneurship
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Carey Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe spirit of ‘public entrepreneurship’, reignited by large‐scale and long‐term official finance from emerging economies, is now driving a process of ‘creative destruction’ in the established systems for governing official development finance primarily forged among advanced economies. In response to this burgeoning official finance from emerging economies once on the margins or outside of these established systems, potentially seismic shifts are occurring in three central governance systems—the reporting systems for official development assistance in the OECD Development Assistance Committee, OECD export credit disciplines and debt sustainability in the Bretton Woods Institutions. Emerging economies create competitive pressures that work to redress the undue rigidities in these established frameworks, opening the way to meeting vast development financing needs. If not well managed or coordinated, however, growing official finance runs the risk of further rounds of financial arms races and debt crises. To harness the processes of ‘public entrepreneurship’ as a force for good in realizing a transformative post‐2015 development agenda requires international cooperation to reshape global governance of official development finance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of gadolinium‐based contrast agent in the assessment of Crohn's disease activity: Is contrast agent injection necessary?
Authors: Quaia Emilio , Sozzi Michele , Gennari Antonio Giulio , Pontello Michele , Angileri Roberta , Cova Maria Assunta 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo determine whether magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) performed without intravenous contrast injection is diagnostically noninferior to conventional contrast‐enhanced MRE (CE‐MRE) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).Materials and MethodsThis was an Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved retrospective study. Ninety‐six patients (52 male and 44 female; 47.18 years ± 13.6) with a diagnosis of CD underwent MRE at 1.5T including T2‐weighted single‐shot turbo‐spin‐echo, T2‐weighted spectral fat presaturation with inversion recovery (SPAIR), T1‐weighted balanced fast‐field‐echo MR sequences, and CE‐MRE consisting in T1‐weighted breath‐hold THRIVE 3D MRI sequences after administration of gadobenate dimeglumine (0.2 mL/kg of body weight). Unenhanced MRE, CE‐MRE, and unenhanced MRE plus CE‐MRE were reviewed in separate sessions with blinding by two readers in consensus, and subsequently by two other readers independently considering a subgroup of 20 patients. Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and/or histologic analysis of the surgical specimen were considered as reference standards for the assessment of inflammatory activity.ResultsPatients revealed prevalently active (n = 55 patients) or quiescent CD (n = 41 patients). The agreement between unenhanced MRE vs. CE‐MRE in interpreting active bowel inflammation was 96% (123/128 bowel segments; one‐sided 95% confidence interval [CI], >94.4%). Unenhanced MRE vs. CE‐MRE vs. unenhanced MRE plus CE‐MRE revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 93% [90/96] vs. 92% [88/96] vs. 97% [93/96] (P > 0.05) in the diagnosis of active CD. Interreader agreement was very good for all variables (κ value = 0.8–0.9) except for the measurement of the length of disease (κ value = 0.45).ConclusionUnenhanced MRE was noninferior to CE‐MRE in diagnosing active inflammation in patients with CD. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:688–697.
Why is the Bay of Bengal experiencing a reduced rate of sea surface warming?
Authors: D'Mello Joshua Rosario , Prasanna Kumar S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe sea surface temperature (SST) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the period 1960–1995 showed a decadal cycle, riding over a warming trend. The disruption of the decadal cycle was noticed post‐1995 and was followed by a slowdown in the sea surface warming. The cause for the disruption of the SST decadal cycle was the weakening of the link between SST and sunspot number. The rising trend in the SST is due to the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The post‐1995 SST slowdown was due to the increasing influence of the number of depressions, cyclones and severe cyclones in the BoB, the occurrence of which showed an upward trend. Using Price–Weller–Pinkel model we show that cyclonic systems deepen the mixed‐layer through enhanced mechanical‐mixing with cooler sub‐surface waters, thereby reducing the mixed‐layer temperature and consequently the SST. This process opposes the SST rise due to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The net effect of the wind‐mixing caused by the increased number of depressions, cyclones and severe cyclones and the increased CO2 concentration is a SST slowdown in the BoB. This mechanism differs from the SST slowdown mechanisms suggested for the Atlantic and the Pacific.