bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actinidin from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosacv. Hayward) increases the digestion and rate of gastric emptying of meat proteins in the growing pig
Authors: Montoya Carlos A. , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Olson Trent D. , Purba Ajitpal S. , Drummond Lynley N. , Boland Mike J. , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: November 2013

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary actinidin on the kinetics of gastric digestion of beef muscle proteins and on the rate of stomach emptying in growing pigs. For this purpose, 120 pigs (mean body weight 28 (sd2·9) kg) were fed beef muscle protein-based diets containing either actinidin (fresh green kiwifruit pulp or gold kiwifruit pulp supplemented with purified actinidin) or no actinidin (fresh gold kiwifruit pulp or green kiwifruit pulp with inactivated actinidin). Additionally, fifteen pigs were fed with a protein-free diet to determine the endogenous protein flow. Pigs were euthanised at exactly 0·5, 1, 3, 5 and 7 h postprandially (n6 per time point for each kiwifruit diet andn3 for protein-free diet). Stomach chyme was collected for measuring gastric retention, actinidin activity, individual beef muscle protein digestion based on SDS–PAGE and the degree of hydrolysis based on the appearance of free amino groups. The stomach emptying of DM and N was faster when actinidin was present in the diet (P< 0·05): the half gastric emptying time of DM was 137v. 172 min ( ± 7·4 min pooled standard error) for the diets with and without actinidin, respectively. The presence of dietary actinidin in the stomach chyme increased the digestion of beef muscle protein (P< 0·05) and, more specifically, those proteins with a high molecular weight (>34 kDa;P< 0·05). In conclusion, dietary actinidin fed in the form of fresh green kiwifruit increased the rate of gastric emptying and the digestion of several beef muscle proteins.
An Overview of Recent Research in Mainland Greece
Authors: Archibald Zosia 
Published: November 2013

The selection of sites below reflects some of the most distinctive additions of 2012, arranged according to a number of themes, which reflect a dominant and continuing interest in sites that illuminate the urban and civic characteristics of archaeological locations in mainland Greece.Among the important discoveries of 2012 was the prehistoric stone pile and chamber tomb cut into bedrock at the Early Helladic cemetery of Asteria (ID3306), near Glyphada, Attica, which is discussed by David Smith below. The tomb was repeatedly reused: it contained one strongly contracted skeleton in front of the door and a pile of bones in the east half of the chamber representing at least 20 individuals (17 adults and three children). M. Pantelidou Gofa (ASA) reports on the 2012 season at Tsepi, Marathon, where a new deposit was investigated outside tomb 39, as well as two new tombs, 56 and 58 (ID3311), noting that Tomb 56 has all the known characteristics of the Tsepi tombs: rectangular with a built chamber, walls and threshold.In the Athenian Agora, investigations continued in 2012 of the Hellenistic and Classical road levels of the Panathenaic Way. John Camp reports the following on behalf of the ASCSA (ID2893, cf. ID2471).
Effects of mGluR6-deficiency on photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation: Comparison of electron microscopic analysis of serial sections with random sections
Authors: TSUKAMOTO YOSHIHIKO , OMI NAOKO 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study examined the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) deficiency on ribbon synapse formation in rod spherules and cone pedicles using serial-section electron microscopy. In a wild-type (WT) mouse, only 3% of spherules had one invaginating bipolar dendrite (1B-type) and 97% of spherules were 2B-type. In contrast, in an mGluR6-knockout (KO) mouse, 29% of spherules were 1B-type and 71% of spherules were 2B-type. Spherules without bipolar invagination were not observed in either genotype. The single invaginating dendrites in 1B-type spherules were larger and the surface areas of synaptic ribbons were 23% smaller in the mGluR6-KO mouse than in the WT mouse. In cones, the number of invaginating bipolar dendrites decreased from 12 in the WT mouse to 9.5 in the mGluR6-KO mouse. This decrease correlated with a decrease in the number of cone synaptic ribbons from 10 in the WT mouse to 8 in the mGluR6-KO mouse. The mGluR6-KO phenotype showed negative effects on ribbon synapse formation. This negativity was similar to those in mGluR6-nob4, Gβ3-KO, Gβ5-KO, and RGS-7:RGS-11 double-KO mice, but the detailed manners and degrees of alterations appeared to vary depending on different missing components. Two published morphological assessments of the RGS-7:RGS-11 double-KO phenotype reported conflicting data; therefore, we tested the statistical techniques used in the two analyses. One statistical evaluation measure was effective in identifying a significant difference in structure between the mutant and WT phenotypes, whereas the other measure was ineffective. Conventional random section analysis using the effective measure provided sufficient data for a statistical test of the occurrence of structural changes. However, serial section analysis was required to determine the absolute numbers of ribbons and invaginating dendrites and to estimate structural parameters such as ribbon surface area.
LawSync: Collaboration in Action
Authors: Griffith Peter , Smith Pete 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA presentation about collaboration, itself the product of a collaboration, looking at a collaborative project as an example of the value of people from different teams working together! That was Peter Griffith and Pete Smith at the BIALL Conference 2014 in Glasgow, a conference which took as its theme ‘law as a business.’ They discuss the challenges with reference to the LawSync project.
Quantum Limit of Quality Factor in Silicon Micro and Nano Mechanical Resonators
Authors: Ghaffari Shirin , Chandorkar Saurabh A. , Wang Shasha , Ng Eldwin J. , Ahn Chae H. , Hong Vu , Yang Yushi , Kenny Thomas W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicromechanical resonators are promising replacements for quartz crystals for timing and frequency references owing to potential for compactness, integrability with CMOS fabrication processes, low cost and low power consumption. To be used in high performance reference application, resonators should obtain a high quality factor. The limit of the quality factor achieved by a resonator is set by the material properties, geometry and operating condition. Some recent resonators properly designed for exploiting bulk-acoustic resonance have been demonstrated to operate close to the quantum mechanical limit for the quality factor and frequency product (Q-f). Here, we describe the physics that gives rise to the quantum limit to the Q-f product, explain design strategies for minimizing other dissipation sources and present new results from several different resonators that approach the limit.
Baseline tumor growth and immune control in laboratory mice are significantly influenced by subthermoneutral housing temperature
Authors: Kokolus Kathleen M. , Capitano Maegan L. , Lee Chen-Ting , Eng Jason W.-L. , Waight Jeremy D. , Hylander Bonnie L. , Sexton Sandra , Hong Chi-Chen , Gordon Christopher J. , Abrams Scott I. , Repasky Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceWe show that the mandated, subthermoneutral laboratory housing temperature, which is known to cause chronic, metabolic cold stress, induces suppression of the antitumor immune response and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. When mice are housed at thermoneutrality, there are fewer immunosuppressive cells with significantly enhanced CD8+T cell-dependent control of tumor growth. These findings underscore the fact that investigating mouse models under a single set of environmental temperature conditions may lead to a misunderstanding of the antitumor immune potential. These data also highlight the need for additional study to determine how systemic metabolic stress modulates the functions of immune effector cells, particularly in tumor-bearing mice, and whether cancer therapies, including immunotherapy, are impacted by housing temperature.
Causal interactions between fronto-parietal central executive and default-mode networks in humans
Authors: Chen Ashley C. , Oathes Desmond J. , Chang Catie , Bradley Travis , Zhou Zheng-Wei , Williams Leanne M. , Glover Gary H. , Deisseroth Karl , Etkin Amit 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Three large-scale neural networks are thought to play important roles in cognitive and emotional information processing in humans. It has been theorized that the “central executive” and “salience” networks achieve this by regulating the “default mode” network. Support for this idea comes from correlational neuroimaging studies; however, direct evidence for this neural mechanism is lacking. We tested this hypothesized mechanism by exciting or inhibiting nodes within the central executive and salience networks using noninvasive brain stimulation and observed the results using simultaneous brain imaging. We found that the default mode network is under inhibitory control specifically from a node in the central executive network, which provides mechanistic insights into prior work that implicates these networks in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Pyrethroid activity-based probes for profiling cytochrome P450 activities associated with insecticide interactions
Authors: Ismail Hanafy M. , O’Neill Paul M. , Hong David W. , Finn Robert D. , Henderson Colin J. , Wright Aaron T. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Hemingway Janet , Paine Mark J. I. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Pyrethroids are highly potent insecticides used worldwide in ∼3,500 registered products to control diseases spread by arthropods. Although they are critical for controlling a diverse spectrum of diseases, such intense exposure affects health and drives the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. Here we have developed a suite of pyrethroid mimetic activity-based probes (PyABPs) to selectively label and identify P450s associated with pyrethroid metabolism in highly divergent organisms. Using a rat liver model, we demonstrate that PyABPs detect pyrethroid metabolizing P450s and a network of drug-metabolizing enzymes that is termed the “pyrethrome.” This discovery has broad scientific interest and provides a unique perspective on insecticide interactions, improving understanding of insecticide metabolism and aiding the development of tools for disease control.
Apoptosis in capillary endothelial cells in ageing skeletal muscle
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Listrat Anne , Meunier Bruno , Gueugneau Marine , Coudy‐Gandilhon Cécile , Combaret Lydie , Taillandier Daniel , Polge Cécile , Attaix Didier , Lethias Claire , Lee Kijoon , Goh Kheng Lim , Béchet Daniel 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is a consistent hallmark of ageing. Apoptosis plays an important role in muscle atrophy, and the intent of this study was to specify whether apoptosis is restricted to myofibre nuclei (myonuclei) or occurs in satellite cells or stromal cells of extracellular matrix (ECM). Sarcopenia in mouse gastrocnemius muscle was characterized by myofibre atrophy, oxidative type grouping, delocalization of myonuclei and ECM fibrosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) indicated a sharp rise in apoptosis during ageing. TUNEL coupled with immunostaining for dystrophin, paired box protein‐7 (Pax7) or laminin‐2α, respectively, was used to identify apoptosis in myonuclei, satellite cells and stromal cells. In adult muscle, apoptosis was not detected in myofibres, but was restricted to stromal cells. Moreover, the age‐related rise in apoptotic nuclei was essentially due to stromal cells. Myofibre‐associated apoptosis nevertheless occurred in old muscle, but represented < 20% of the total muscle apoptosis. Specifically, apoptosis in old muscle affected a small proportion (0.8%) of the myonuclei, but a large part (46%) of the Pax7+ satellite cells. TUNEL coupled with CD31 immunostaining further attributed stromal apoptosis to capillary endothelial cells. Age‐dependent rise in apoptotic capillary endothelial cells was concomitant with altered levels of key angiogenic regulators, perlecan and a perlecan domain V (endorepellin) proteolytic product. Collectively, our results indicate that sarcopenia is associated with apoptosis of satellite cells and impairment of capillary functions, which is likely to contribute to the decline in muscle mass and functionality during ageing.
Bimanual examination of the retrieved specimen and regional hypothermia during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: a novel technique for reducing positive surgical margin and achieving pelvic cooling
Authors: Jeong Wooju , Sood Akshay , Ghani Khurshid R. , Pucheril Dan , Sammon Jesse D. , Gupta Nilesh S. , Menon Mani , Peabody James O. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo describe a novel method of achieving pelvic hypothermia during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and a modification of technique allowing immediate organ retrieval for intraoperative examination and targeted frozen‐section biopsies.Patients and MethodsIntracorporeal cooling and extraction (ICE) consists of a modification of the standard RARP technique with the use of the GelPOINT™ (Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA), a hand access platform, which allows for delivery of ice‐slush and rapid specimen extraction without compromising pneumoperitoneum.ResultsThe ICE technique reproducibly achieves a temperature of 15 °C in the pelvic cavity with no obvious body temperature change. Adopting this technique during RARP, there was an absolute risk reduction by 26.6% in positive surgical margin rate in patients with pT3a disease when compared with similar patients undergoing conventional RARP (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe ICE technique eliminates the potential handicap of decreased tactile sensation for oncological margins, especially in the high‐risk patients. This technique allows the surgeon to immediately examine the surgical specimen after resection, and with the aid of frozen‐section pathology determine if further resection is required. A prospective trial is underway in our centre to evaluate the effects of this novel technique on postoperative outcomes.
Residual life prediction for healing fatigue damaged copper film by laser shock peening
Authors: Liu X.‐D. , Shang D.‐G. , Zhang Li.‐H. , Sun Y.‐J. , Chen T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA healing method for fatigue damage was studied by laser shock peening (LSP) with excimer laser for polycrystalline copper film. It is found that work hardening due to LSP could be responsible for the improvement of residual fatigue lives for the damaged and undamaged specimens by LSP, and the hardening degree for the damaged specimen by LSP is obviously higher than that for the undamaged specimen by LSP. In this paper, two basic mechanisms were identified. One is the dissipated energy enhancement mechanism, which improves the fatigue life caused by laser shock stress, and the other is the healing mechanism, which leads to a further improvement. Based on the two mechanisms, a residual fatigue life prediction method is proposed by the view of energy consumption before and after LSP. The predicted lives by the proposed method agree well with the experimental results.
The effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant activity of wheat gluten pancreatin hydrolysates
Authors: Cui Chun , Hu Qingling , Ren Jiaoyan , Zhao Mouming , Du Hongying 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe antioxidant activities of the fermented wheat gluten hydrolysates with different fermentation times were investigated to elucidate the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the wheat gluten hydrolysates. Prior to LAB fermentation, wheat gluten was deamidated by hydrochloric acid and then hydrolysed by pancreatin to 12 and 24 h, respectively. Results showed that LAB fermentation had significant impacts on the enzymatic efficiency and antioxidant activities of wheat gluten. The degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery of hydrolysates gradually increased and then reached maximum values, respectively, when fermenting with LAB for 36 h. The hydrolysis degree and protein recovery of fermented pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were larger than that of the fermented pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole fermentation. The antioxidant activity analysis revealed a marked increase and improvement in the scavenging activities of 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl·radicals, hydroxyl radicals and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, while the scavenging activities of ABTS+ radical decreased as the fermentation time extended. The antioxidant activities of pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were higher than that of the pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole LAB fermentation.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVE RISK AVERSION AND THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION: A SURVEY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEMAND FOR LIFE INSURANCE
Authors: Outreville J. François 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expected utility hypothesis has been widely used in the construction of economic models and numerous difficulties are encountered in attempting to take into account preferences toward risk in a real‐world setting. More recently, attention has focused on comparative studies in economics and business in an international framework and problems related to the hypothesis of relative risk aversion (RRA). One ambiguous hypothesis is the relationship between the level of RRA and the level of education, which has been found either positive or negative. From a causality point of view, it may be argued that investors with a high level of education are less risk averse, but it may also be argued that less risk‐averse individuals choose to pursue a higher level of education. The purpose of this paper is to survey the empirical literature on this subject. It provides evidence that risk aversion is negatively correlated with higher education and human development. The results have important implications for macroeconomic empirical studies and the demand for financial assets and more specifically on the demand for life insurance. Assuming the same degree of RRA for utility‐maximizing consumers should be limited to homogeneous samples.
The Importance of Industry Links in Merger Waves
Authors: AHERN KENNETH R. , HARFORD JARRAD 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe represent the economy as a network of industries connected through customer and supplier trade flows. Using this network topology, we find that stronger product market connections lead to a greater incidence of cross‐industry mergers. Furthermore, mergers propagate in waves across the network through customer‐supplier links. Merger activity transmits to close industries quickly and to distant industries with a delay. Finally, economy‐wide merger waves are driven by merger activity in industries that are centrally located in the product market network. Overall, we show that the network of real economic transactions helps to explain the formation and propagation of merger waves.
Strangulated small bowel 14 years after abdominal sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Pue Leng Boi , Lo Tsia‐Shu , Wu Pei‐Ying , Tan Yiap Loong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAbdominal sacrocolpopexy is a well‐established procedure for the reconstruction of apical support in pelvic organ prolapse. Its long‐term efficacy is well known; however, it is also associated with higher perioperative morbidity when compared with the less invasive transvaginal approach. Long‐term risk of bowel‐related complication from abdominal sacrocolpopexy is rare, but can be significant as it is often serious and requires major surgical intervention. Here we highlight an unusual case of strangulated small bowel (in this instance complicated with sepsis secondary to peritonitis), 14 years after an abdominal sacrocolpopexy procedure. This example amplifies the need for proper preoperative counseling; also, life‐long follow‐up is necessary for patients undergoing this procedure.
Prospective risk of abruptio placentae
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takahiro , Cho Kazutoshi , Yamada Takashi , Sato Shoji , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to better characterize the nature of abruptio placentae (AP) with regard to the timing of onset.Material and MethodsPrevalence and prospective risk of AP according to gestational week (GW) were determined among 293 899 women who gave birth to singleton infants at and after GW 30. The prospective risk of AP at gestational week N was defined as the number of all women who experienced an AP at ≥GW N divided by the number of all women who gave birth at ≥GW N.ResultsAP developed in 2649 (0.90%) women. The prevalence of AP (6.7% among women who gave birth at GW 30–33) sharply decreased with advancing GW at delivery to 0.9% for GW 37 and 0.1% for ≥GW 42. The highest prospective risk of AP, 9 per 1000 women at GW 30, decreased linearly with advancing gestation to 1 per 1000 women at ≥GW 42. AP accounted for 4.7% (1591/33 725) of all preterm births at GW <37, while prevalence of AP was 0.41% (1058/260 174) among term births. Preterm AP accounted for 60.1% (1591/2649) of all AP.ConclusionOur figures indicate that AP is more common in preterm births than in term birth and may be helpful for better understanding the epidemiology of this condition.
Impacts of structuring nursing records: a systematic review
Authors: Saranto Kaija , Kinnunen Ulla‐Mari , Kivekäs Eija , Lappalainen Anna‐Mari , Liljamo Pia , Rajalahti Elina , Hyppönen Hannele 
Published: November 2013

AimThe study aims to describe the impacts of different data structuring methods used in nursing records or care plans. This systematic review examines what kinds of structuring methods have been evaluated and the effects of data structures on healthcare input, processes and outcomes in previous studies.Materials and MethodsRetrieval from 15 databases yielded 143 papers. Based on Population (Participants), Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes elements and exclusion and inclusion criteria, the search produced 61 studies. A data extraction tool and analysis for empirical articles were used to classify the data referring to the study aim. Thirty‐eight studies were included in the final analysis.FindingsThe study design most often used was a single measurement without any control. The studies were conducted mostly in secondary or tertiary care in institutional care contexts. The standards used in documentation were nursing classifications or the nursing process model in clinical use. The use of standardised nursing language (SNL) increased descriptions of nursing interventions and outcomes supporting daily care, and improving patient safety and information reuse.DiscussionThe nursing process model and classifications are used internationally as nursing data structures in nursing records and care plans. The use of SNL revealed various positive impacts. Unexpected outcomes were most often related to lack of resources.LimitationsIndexing of SNL studies has not been consistent. That might cause bias in database retrieval, and important articles may be lacking. The study design of the studies analysed varied widely. Further, the time frame of papers was quite long, causing confusion in descriptions of nursing data structures.ConclusionThe value of SNL is proven by its support of daily workflow, delivery of nursing care and data reuse. This facilitates continuity of care, thus contributing to patient safety. Nurses need more education and managerial support in order to be able to benefit from SNL.