bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreading anomaly semantic segmentation and 3D reconstruction of binder jet additive manufacturing powder bed images
Authors: Gourley Alexander , Kaufman Jonathan , Aman Bashu , Schwalbach Edwin , Beuth Jack , Rueschhoff Lisa , Reeja-Jayan B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVariability in the inherently dynamic nature of additive manufacturing introduces imperfections that hinder the commercialization of new materials. Binder jetting produces ceramic and metallic parts, but low green densities and spreading anomalies reduce the predictability and processability of resulting geometries. In situ feedback presents a method for robust evaluation of spreading anomalies, reducing the number of required builds to refine processing parameters in a multivariate space. In this study, we report layer-wise powder bed semantic segmentation for the first time with a visually light ceramic powder, alumina, or Al2O3, leveraging an image analysis software to rapidly segment optical images acquired during the additive manufacturing process. Using preexisting image analysis tools allowed for rapid analysis of 316 stainless steel and alumina powders with small data sets by providing an accessible framework for implementing neural networks. Models trained on five build layers for each material to classify base powder, parts, streaking, short spreading, and bumps from recoater friction with testing categorical accuracies greater than 90%. Lower model performance accompanied the more subtle spreading features present in the white alumina compared to the darker steel. Applications of models to new builds demonstrated repeatability with the resulting models, and trends in classified pixels reflected corrections made to processing parameters. Through the development of robust analysis techniques and feedback for new materials, parameters can be corrected as builds progress.
Everybody’s talkin’ at me: levels of majority language acquisition by minority language speakers
Authors: Brock William A. , Chen Bo , Durlauf Steven N. , Weber Shlomo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImmigrants in economies with a dominant native language exhibit substantial heterogeneities in language acquisition of the majority language. We model partial language acquisition as an equilibrium phenomenon. We consider an environment where heterogeneous agents from various minority groups choose whether to acquire a majority language fully, partially, or not at all, with varying communicative benefits and costs. We provide an equilibrium characterization of language acquisition and demonstrate that partial acquisition can arise as an equilibrium behavior. We also show that a language equilibrium may exhibit insufficient learning relative to the social optimum. Finally, we formulate a deterministic language learning dynamic process and find that our language equilibrium arises in the long run under suitable conditions.
DNA-directed immobilization fluorescent immunoarray for multiplexed antibiotic residue determination in milk
Authors: Guercetti J. , Pascual N. , Aviñó A. , Eritja R. , Salvador J.-P. , Marco M.-P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe presence of antibiotic residues in cow’s milk entails high risk for consumers, the dairy industry, and the environment. Therefore, the development of highly specific and sensitive screening tools for the rapid and cost-effective identification of traces of these compounds is urgently needed. A multiplexed screening platform utilizing DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) was developed aiming to detect three classes of antibiotic residues (fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tylosin) prevalently found in milk. Throughout this work, each oligonucleotide sequence was conjugated to a different hapten molecule, while the three complementary strands were immobilized in 24 independent microarray chips on a single glass slide. First, the array was incubated with the pool of hapten-oligonucleotide conjugate site encoded the signal through DNA hybridization. Next, commercial milk samples were incubated with the cocktail of monoclonal antibodies following a secondary fluorophore-labeled antibody which was required for fluorescent readout. Direct sample detection was achieved in milk diluting 20 times in assay buffer. The limits of detection (LODs) reached were 1.43 µg kg−1, 1.67 µg kg−1, and 0.89 µg kg−1 for TYLA, STZ, and CIP, respectively, which represented in raw milk 7.15 µg kg−1, 8.35 µg kg−1, and 4.45 µg kg−1 for TYLA, STZ, and CIP, respectively, that are below the EU regulatory limits. Cross-reactivity profiles were evaluated against the family of structurally related antibiotics in order to demonstrate the capability to detect antibiotics from the same family of compounds. A pre-validation study was performed by spiking 20 blind samples above and below the maximum residue limits established by the EU guidelines. The system was successfully implemented towards randomized sample classification as compliant or non-compliant. The proposed DDI-based immunoarray provides a fast and cost-effective alternative to obtain semi-quantitative information about the presence of three veterinary residues simultaneously in milk samples.
Graphical Abstract
Antibody fluorescent microarray based on DDI. The figure shows the main steps involved in the immunoassay. First, the printing of the oligo N4-6down probe over the glass slide, followed by an incubation with a complementary strand conjugated to the hapten and finally the selective recognition using monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent quantification.
Development and clinical implementation of an LC-HRMS method for ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor and elexacaftor in human plasma and breast milk
Authors: Hansson Anna B. , Wadström Hjalmar , Eliasson Erik , Al Shakirchi Mahasin , de Monestrol Isabelle , Barclay Victoria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe four cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, ivacaftor, lumacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor, have revolutionised the treatment of CF by direct action on the protein target behind the disease’s development. The aim was to develop and validate a quantification method for these CFTR modulators in plasma and breast milk to better understand inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics and treatment outcome, including the risk of adverse drug reactions. The ability to monitor CFTR modulators in breast milk enables the estimation of the exposure of breastfed infant, with a potential concern for CFTR modulator-induced liver injury. The analysis was performed on a Thermo Vanquish Flex Binary UHPLC system coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS), Thermo Q Exactive. The analytes were detected using positive electrospray ionisation in full scan mode. After sample preparation by protein precipitation, the supernatant was injected onto the LC system and the analytes were separated using a Zorbax SB-C18 Rapid Res HPLC column (3.5 µm, 4.6 × 75 mm). This is the first published method for CFTR modulators in breast milk. The validated quantification range for ivacaftor is 0.0050–10 µg/mL with a coefficient of variation < 6% and a mean accuracy of 97–106%; for lumacaftor, tezacaftor, and elexacaftor, the validated quantification range is 0.050–100 µg/mL with a coefficient of variation < 8% and a mean accuracy 93–106%. A simple and sensitive quantification method for CFTR modulators has been developed and used for routine analysis of human plasma and breast milk samples since 2022.
Graphical Abstract
Fracture energy of birch in tension perpendicular to grain: experimental evaluation and comparative numerical simulations
Authors: Jonasson Johannes , Danielsson Henrik , Serrano Erik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present work has experimentally determined the specific fracture energy of the hardwood species silver birch (Betula pendula), which in recent times has caught increased attention for utilization in structural applications. The single-edge-notched beam loaded in three-point-bending was utilized for evaluating the fracture energy with the work-of-fracture method. In addition to birch, Norway spruce (Picea abies) was utilized as a reference material. The effect of two different geometries of the fracture area for each species was evaluated—one triangular and one rectangular fracture area. It should be noted that the geometry of the fracture area did influence the evaluated fracture energy, and this influence was not consistent between species. This was likely in part due to manufacturing difficulties with the triangular fracture area. In addition to the experimental testing, a numerical 2d-model including linear strain-softening behavior was used for comparative simulations. The numerical 2d-models showed reasonable agreement with the experimental results regarding the global load vs. displacement response, despite their relative simple nature. The specific fracture energy for the spruce specimens was evaluated to 221 J/$$\hbox {m}^2$$

m
2

and for the birch specimens to 656 J/$$\hbox {m}^2$$

m
2

. Consequently, the present work implies a marked increase in specific fracture energy for birch, compared to spruce. This increase in specific fracture energy could potentially have a large influence on the failure behavior of birch when used in structural applications which is something that needs to be considered in future work.
The Concept of Ideal Lips of Caucasian Female: An Anthropometric Analysis of the Lower Third of the Face
Authors: Winiarska Natalia , Roszkowski Bartłomiej , Paskal Wiktor , Majak Marcin , Pietruski Piotr 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The demand for lip-redefining procedures has been rising in recent years, thus creating the need for reliable and detailed reference sources on aesthetic female lips. This study investigates the morphology of the lower third of the face, including the lips and jawline, of attractive young Caucasian females.

Methods
A semi-automatic photogrammetric analysis of the faces of professional female photograph models (n=400) of the Caucasian race aged 18–39 was performed. Angular, linear, and surface area parameters were evaluated. A graphical summarization of the average facial shape of all analyzed attractive females was generated as an average body contours (ABC) image.

Results
The height of the lower third of the face equaled 0.32 ± 0.02 of the total facial height. The average lip width was 48.06 ± 3.34 mm. The upper vermilion height was found to be significantly lower than the lower vermilion height (6.47 ± 1.36 vs. 11.64 ± 1.46 mm, p < 0.01). The lip obliquity angle was found to be 1.05° ± 0.79°. The area surface of the upper lip vermilion was considerably smaller than the vermilion of the lower lip (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
This is one of the largest studies on attractive Caucasian females’ lips and lower face morphology. The data it provides, including the graphical presentation of the aesthetic lower face as an ABC image, may provide physicians with valuable guidelines for lips rejuvenation and reconstruction procedures.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Texture measurements of archaeological objects at STRESS-SPEC neutron diffractometer
Authors: Gan Weimin , Hofmann Michael , Wagner Friedrich , Gebhard Rupert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe main advantage of neutron diffraction over X-ray diffraction, arises from the fact that the interaction of neutrons with material is relatively weak and not related to the number of electrons, and consequently the penetration depth of neutrons is about 102-103 larger than that of laboratory X-ray diffraction. This is particular essential for the non-destructive texture analysis of archaeological objects as no additional surface treatments of the samples (e.g. polishing) are necessary. STRESS-SPEC at MLZ is designed as a state of the art multi-purpose diffractometer for strain and texture analysis. Besides the optimized high neutron flux the available large variability in gauge volume definition systems together with the robotic sample handling option offer high flexibility for bulk or gradient texture measurements. Since 2014, local and bulk textures of iron and gold artefacts collected by Bavarian State Archaeological Collection (Munich, Germany) have been thoroughly investigated at STRESS-SPEC. Results showed that heat treatment of iron artefacts at high temperatures can re-orientate the inner crystallites. In the gold foil artefacts, the texture represented by the measured pole figures shows a high symmetry – the so-called Cube component, which is commonly found in annealed fcc materials. For comparison, laboratory samples were produced by rolling, flat hammering, and pin / round hammering and also measured in order to elucidate possible manufacturing and processing routes. In turned out that both rolling and pin / round hammering followed by a high temperature annealing can produce similar pole figures to those of the gold artefacts foils.
Changing treatment of hip fractures in Finland
Authors: Leino Oskari K. , Forsbacka Nora , Laaksonen Inari E. , Mäkelä Keijo T. , Matilainen Markus , Ekman Elina M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Hip fracture treatment should be as standardized and effective as possible, with emphasis on fast recovery and avoidance of complications, especially those leading to reoperations. There is accumulating evidence regarding the optimal treatment of hip fractures but reports of whether this has influenced treatment in the clinical setting are sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the trends of hip fracture incidence and treatment in Finland, with special regard to how we treat older patients compared to younger ones.

Materials and methods
All operatively treated hip fractures in Finland between 1997 and 2018 were identified from a national administrative register. The incidence of these fractures and operations performed to treat them were calculated based on the adult population size.

Results
Apart from a decline in the elderly age groups during the first half of the study period, the incidence of hip fractures remained relatively constant. However, the incidences of different operations changed significantly. In treatment of femoral neck fractures from 1997 to 2018, the incidence of cemented hemiarthroplasty (HA) increased from 41.1 to 59.9 per 100,000 person-years (105) and hybrid total hip arthroplasty (THA) from 0.56 to 5.93 per 105, while the incidence of internal fixation (IF) decreased, for instance screw fixation from 12.5 to 2.7 per 105. The incidence of cementless HA decreased from 13.3 to 1.2 per 105. These changes were much more pronounced in the elderly population and there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients aged > 59 treated with cemented HA and IF in 1997 compared to 2018. For trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, treatment with intramedullary nails replaced extramedullary devices as the most common treatment method.

Conclusions
The changes in treatment methods in Finland correspond to the increasing knowledge available about the optimal treatment of hip fractures and global treatment trends.
Positionspapier: Open-source-Technologie in der Behandlung von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus – eine österreichische Perspektive
Authors: Kietaibl Antonia-Therese , Schütz-Fuhrmann Ingrid , Bozkurt Latife , Frühwald Lisa , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Hofer Sabine E. , Tauschmann Martin , Resl Michael , Hörtenhuber Thomas , Stechemesser Lars , Winhofer Yvonne , Riedl Michaela , Zlamal-Fortunat Sandra , Eichner Marlies , Stingl Harald , Schelkshorn Christian , Weitgasser Raimund , Rega-Kaun Gersina , Köhler Gerd , Mader Julia K. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Diabetes mellitus können im alltäglichen Management durch Diabetestechnologie mittels automatisierter Insulinabgabesysteme (AID-Systeme) unterstützt werden und dadurch das Hypoglykämierisiko reduzieren und die glykämische Kontrolle sowie die Lebensqualität verbessern. Aufgrund von unterschiedlichsten Barrieren in der AID-Verfügbarkeit hat sich international die Nutzung von Open-source-AID-Systemen entwickelt. Diese Technologien bieten eine notwendige Alternative zu kommerziellen Produkten, insbesondere, wenn zugelassene Systeme unzugänglich oder unzureichend auf die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Anwendenden angepasst sind. Open-source-Technologie zeichnet sich durch global freie Verfügbarkeit von Codes im Internet aus, durchläuft kein offizielles Zulassungsverfahren, und die Verwendung erfolgt daher auf eigene Verantwortung. In der klinischen Praxis führen fehlende Expertise zu den unterschiedlichen Systemen und Bedenken vor juristischen Konsequenzen zu Konfliktsituationen für Behandler:innen und mitunter zur Ablehnung in der Betreuung von Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus, die Open-source-Technologie nutzen möchten. Im vorliegenden Positionspapier sollen eine Übersicht zu vorhandener Evidenz sowie praktische Orientierungshilfen für medizinisches Fachpersonal geboten werden, um Unsicherheiten und Barrieren zu minimieren. Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus müssen – unabhängig von der von ihnen gewählten Diabetestechnologie – weiterhin in Schulung, Umgang und Management ihrer Erkrankung unterstützt werden, auch wenn sie sich für die Verwendung eines Open-source-Systems entschieden haben. Medizinische Kontrollen der metabolischen Einstellung, akuter und chronischer Komplikationen sowie das Screening auf assoziierte Erkrankungen sind unabhängig vom gewählten AID-System notwendig und sollen durch multidisziplinäre Teams mit entsprechender Expertise erfolgen.
Hybrid two-level protection system for preserving pre-trained DNN models ownership
Authors: Fkirin Alaa , Moursi Ahmed Samy , Attiya Gamal , El-Sayed Ayman , Shouman Marwa A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in deep neural networks (DNNs) have made them indispensable for numerous commercial applications. These include healthcare systems and self-driving cars. Training DNN models typically demands substantial time, vast datasets and high computational costs. However, these valuable models face significant risks. Attackers can steal and sell pre-trained DNN models for profit. Unauthorised sharing of these models poses a serious threat. Once sold, they can be easily copied and redistributed. Therefore, a well-built pre-trained DNN model is a valuable asset that requires protection. This paper introduces a robust hybrid two-level protection system for safeguarding the ownership of pre-trained DNN models. The first-level employs zero-bit watermarking. The second-level incorporates an adversarial attack as a watermark by using a perturbation technique to embed the watermark. The robustness of the proposed system is evaluated against seven types of attacks. These are Fast Gradient Method Attack, Auto Projected Gradient Descent Attack, Auto Conjugate Gradient Attack, Basic Iterative Method Attack, Momentum Iterative Method Attack, Square Attack and Auto Attack. The proposed two-level protection system withstands all seven attack types. It maintains accuracy and surpasses current state-of-the-art methods.
Practical method for evaluating wind influence on autonomous ship operations (2nd report)
Authors: Maki Atsuo , Maruyama Yuuki , Dostal Leo , Sasa Kenji , Sawada Ryohei , Wakita Kouki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, a considerable number of research and development projects have focused on automatic vessels. A highly realistic simulator is needed to validate control algorithms for autonomous vessels. For instance, when considering the automatic berthing/unberthing of a vessel, the effect of wind in such low-speed operations cannot be ignored because of the low rudder performance during slow harbor maneuvers. Therefore, a simulator used to validate an automatic berthing/unberthing control algorithm should be able to reproduce the time histories of wind speed and wind direction realistically. Therefore, in our first report on this topic, to obtain the wind speed distribution, we proposed a simple algorithm to generate the time series and distribution of wind speed only from the mean wind speed. However, for wind direction, the spectral distribution could not be determined based on our literature surveys, and hence, a simple method for estimating the coefficients of the stochastic differential equation (SDE) could not be proposed. In this study, we propose a new methodology for generating the time history of wind direction based on the results of Kuwajima et al.’s work. They proposed a regression equation of the standard deviation of wind direction variation for the mean wind speed. In this study, we assumed that the wind direction distribution can be represented by a linear filter as in our previous paper, and its coefficients are derived from Kuwajima’s proposed equation. Then, as in the previous report, the time series of wind speed and wind direction can be calculated easily by analytically solving the one-dimensional SDE. The joint probability density functions of wind speed and wind direction obtained by computing them independently agree well with the measurement results.
Effectiveness and safety of low dose Rituximab as remission-maintenance treatment for patients with refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: results of a retrospective study from a monocentric cohort
Authors: Gamba Anna , Depascale Roberto , Zanatta Elisabetta , Ienna Luana , Cruciani Claudio , Gatto Mariele , Zen Margherita , Doria Andrea , Iaccarino Luca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
Our aim was to assess efficacy and safety of Rituximab (RTX) in patients with refractory Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) from a monocentric cohort. Thereafter, we evaluated the efficacy of a low-dose RTX regimen as a remission-maintenance therapy.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of patients affected with IIM treated with RTX. All patients were refractory to glucocorticoids (GC) and at least one immunosuppressant. Two infusions of 1 g two weeks apart were considered as standard cycle of RTX, a single dose of 1 g every six months was deemed as a low-dose RTX regimen. Complete and partial response were defined according to physician’s judgment, laboratory and radiological features.

Results
Thirty-six patients affected with IIM were enrolled. Eighteen patients (50%) required the use of RTX for muscular involvement, 6 (16.7%) for interstitial lung disease (ILD), 12 (33.3%) for both myositis and ILD. We observed complete response to RTX in 25 patients (69.4%), partial response in 7 (19.4%) and no response in 4 (11.1%), with an overall response of 88.8% (partial and complete response). From the subgroup of twenty-five patients that achieved a complete response, six were treated with a low dose maintenance therapy maintaining a complete response to RTX. Twenty-six patients who achieved a complete or partial response were able to decrease the mean daily GC dose. Infections were the major adverse events detected in our study.

Conclusions
RTX shows favorable outcomes in refractory patients with IIM. A low-dose regimen of RTX appears to be effective in maintaining remission after induction with standard dose.

Key Points• The precise pathogenic mechanism of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) remains elusive; however, a growing body of data support the autoimmune hypothesis. In this context, rituximab, a B cell-depleting agent, has emerged as a second-line therapeutic option in IIM.• Several studies have assessed It its effectiveness in refractory IIM patients.• Limited information exists on the use of Rituximab as maintenance therapy in patients who have achieved remission following induction therapy with Rituximab.