bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening Corn Hybrids for Cold Tolerance using Morphological Traits for Early‐Season Seeding
Authors: Wijewardana Chathurika , Hock Matthew , Henry Brien , Reddy K. Raja 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTEarly planting of corn (Zea mays L.) is a strategy to avoid excessive heat and drought that often negatively influence grain production during its reproductive phase. An experiment was conducted by imposing very low (day/night, 21/13°C), low (25/17°C), and optimum (29/21°C) temperatures during seed germination and seedling growth stages under optimum moisture and nutrient conditions. Above‐ and belowground growth parameters were assessed at 18 d after seeding. Several root morphological traits were assessed using the WinRHIZO root image analysis system. Corn hybrids varied significantly for many traits measured, particularly plant component weights and root morphological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and total low‐temperature response index (TLTRI) methods were used to categorize corn hybrid tolerance to low temperature and to group corn hybrids as cold tolerant, moderately cold tolerant, moderately cold sensitive, and cold sensitive. Total leaf and root weights and cumulative root length and length per unit volume were the most important morphological traits in describing hybrid tolerance to cold temperature. Based on the TLTRI method, relative scores were provided for each hybrid, which ranged from 22.45 to 29.52 among the hybrids. The hybrids CR8410VT3P, D57VP51, and R22BHR43 were classified as cold sensitive and AR1262, DKC6697, DKC6804, and M2V707 as cold tolerant based on PCA and TLTRI techniques. Based on the relative scores assigned in this study, corn producers could select hybrids to maximize corn production in an early planting production system.
Advances in Correlative Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Endesfelder Ulrike 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDuring the last few decades, correlative fluorescence light and electron microscopy (FLM-EM) has gained increased interest in the life sciences concomitant with the advent of fluorescence light microscopy. It has become, accompanied by numerous developments in both techniques, an important tool to study bio-cellular structure and function as it combines the specificity of fluorescence labeling with the high structural resolution and cellular context information given by the EM images. Having the recently introduced single-molecule localization microscopy techniques (SMLM) at hand, FLM-EM can now make use of improved fluorescence light microscopy resolution, single-molecule sensitivity and quantification strategies. Here, currently used methods for correlative SMLM and EM including the special requirements in sample preparation and imaging routines are summarized and an outlook on remaining challenges concerning methods and instrumentation is provided.
On the thermodynamics of melting sea ice versus melting freshwater ice
Authors: Wiese M. , Griewank P. , Notz D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examine the melting of sea ice versus freshwater ice in laboratory experiments and with one-dimensional model simulations. Our primary aim is to investigate the vertical partitioning of heat between thinning and internal phase changes. In agreement with our general understanding of the two ice types, we find that freshwater ice quickly starts thinning and then keeps a constant melt rate for constant external heat input. In contrast, sea ice starts thinning later but then thins faster than freshwater ice. This temporal evolution is caused by the substantial amount of heat that is used for internal phase changes in sea ice. Those internal phase changes give rise to a nonlinear temperature profile in the sea ice during the entire melting period, whereas freshwater ice quickly reaches its melting temperature throughout its entire thickness. Infrared imagery provides additional insights into the surface temperature of both ice types during melting. We find that, during melting, sea ice can have a mean surface temperature several tenths of a degree above 0°C because of meltwater-filled millimetre-scale dimples at the ice surface.
Ocean heat flux under Antarctic sea ice in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas: two case studies
Authors: Ackley Stephen F. , Xie Hongjie , Tichenor Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examine the role of ocean heat flux (OHF) in Antarctic sea-ice growth and melt using data from autonomous ice mass-balance buoys deployed on pack ice in the Bellingshausen Sea and on fast ice in the Amundsen Sea during the spring/summer (October-December 2007) and summer/ autumn (February-March 2009) transitions, respectively. OHFs are derived using two methods that examine changes in (1) sub-ice ocean water properties (OHF1) and (2) ice thickness (OHF2), the latter only applying to thick snow-covered ice (i.e. a near-zero temperature gradient near the ice bottom). Good agreement is found between the time-averaged estimates of OHF1 and OHF2. Average OHF measured was 8 ± 2 W m-2 under the pack ice and 17 ± 2 W m-2 under the landfast ice. Some short-term OHF values (OHF1) in both seas exceeded 55 W m-2. The spring OHF variations in the Bellingshausen Sea were periodic and controlled by semi-diurnal ice velocity fluctuations. Larger temperature fluctuations in the summer Amundsen Sea, originating from incursions of warm deep water masses, contributed to the OHF being twice as high as in the Bellingshausen Sea and also accounted for the irregular OHF variability there.
À propos des suites de la tempête Xynthia : petits arrangements avec les constructions illégales
Authors: Brouant Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2015

La tempête Xynthia est une dépression météorologique majeure ayant frappé notamment la côte littorale française en mars 2010 causant la mort de cinquante-trois personnes et plus de 2,5 milliards d’euros de dommages. En présence d’une catastrophe naturelle, les mécanismes classiques de prise en charge assurantielle ou relevant de la solidarité nationale ont été activés. Mais l’État a choisi d’aller plus loin et, au titre de la prévention des risques, a décidé de racheter ou d’exproprier plus d’un millier de maisons. Ce faisant, il a été confronté à certaines situations illégales (constructions sur le domaine public, absence de permis de construire...). L’article étudie la façon dont l’État – central et local – a décidé de nier l’existence de ces situations dans les procédures d’indemnisation.
Conflits dans les familles polygames et souffrance familiale
Authors: Leonard Nguimfack 
Published: February 2015

Dans cet article, les conflits et les souffrances au sein de mariages polygames sont étudiés sur base du modèle systémique. L’exploitation de deux vignettes cliniques ont permis de les mettre en exergue et de saisir leur fonction dans la dynamique familiale : ils sont perçus à la fois comme des objets fédérateurs, c’est-à-dire qui rassemblent autour d’eux les membres d’un même sous-système familial (ménage), et comme des objets qui entretiennent et maintiennent le problème au sein du grand système familial. Aussi, les hypothèses que « les conflits au sein de la grande famille polygame (macro-famille) sont des stratégies mises en place par les différentes micro-familles (ménages ou sous-systèmes) dans le but de garantir leur homéostasie » et que « les souffrances qu’ils sous-tendent sont une solution adaptative à ces conflits » trouvent là toute leur portée clinique. Le recours à une psychothérapie familiale est alors utile afin de faciliter le changement. Mais ceci étant, il reste important de reconnaître que la famille polygame n’est pas par essence une famille conflictuelle.
Aux confins de la recherche et de la thérapie : le Génogramme Imaginaire pour explorer et transformer les héritages familiaux traumatiques
Authors: Duret Isabelle 
Published: February 2015

Le Génogramme Imaginaire révèle la manière dont nous nous construisons au quotidien une « famille d’affiliation ». Il est particulièrement indiqué en clinique traumatique pour explorer et transformer les histoires familiales. Nous en donnons un exemple qui, bien que tiré de la recherche, vient témoigner de sa puissance thérapeutique.
Le numérique comme tiers séparateur ?
Authors: Weber Niels 
Published: February 2015

Nous avons tendance à concevoir que ce qui est virtuel est moins important que ce qui est réel. Pourtant les émotions, positives comme négatives, y sont ressenties de manière identique. Cet article montre que nous utilisons à tort le terme de « virtuel » pour parler des interactions via des outils numériques. Cette distinction permet de mieux comprendre l’importance de ces relations et de constater que la dichotomie entre réel et numérique n’a plus lieu d’être. En revanche, ce contexte doit pouvoir être cadré et bénéficier de limites, comme n’importe quel autre contexte. Il reste encore à savoir de quels genres de limite nous parlons dans un couple, en famille, entre parents et enfant ou encore entre thérapeute et patient.
Conversions au christianisme et retour au judaïsme à Trieste au tournant du XIX e siècle
Authors: Ferruta Paola 
Published: February 2015

La présente contribution analyse des cas d’échecs de conversion à la foi chrétienne ainsi que des tentatives de reconversion au judaïsme par des femmes qui appartenaient à la multitude des gens « ordinaires ». Ces cas sont appropriés pour examiner les « interstices » évoqués par Homi Bhabha, lesquels deviennent ici des espaces hétérogènes de « société semi-neutre », tel que les a définis Jacob Katz. Dans la perspective de l’anthropologie historique, la présence féminine des converties, qui a façonné la vie quotidienne hors du contrôle institutionnel et les interstices « entre judaïsme et christianisme », devient pertinente. Les Lois de Tolérance appliquées dans l’empire des Habsbourg (1781/1782) et les difficultés créées dans certains cas par la Loi juive compliquèrent particulièrement ces destins féminins.
Les alliances de l'aristocratie avec les familles de financiers juifs à Paris, 1840-1940 : déterminants socio-démographiques et débat religieux
Authors: Grange Cyril 
Published: February 2015

Les alliances entre la haute société juive et aristocratie et bourgeoisie chrétienne ne sont plus exceptionnelles à partir du Second Empire. Elles sont nombreuses jusqu’à la guerre de 1914 puis deviennent plus rares par la suite pour l’aristocratie, au contraire de la bourgeoisie pour laquelle le mouvement continue de s’amplifier dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Les mariages qui voient une femme juive rejoindre une famille chrétienne sont plus fréquents dans le cas des familles nobles. L’union d’un homme de confession israélite avec une chrétienne s’observe plus régulièrement avec les familles de la bourgeoisie. Alors que ces alliances concernent un élément isolé de la famille chez les chrétiens, chez les juifs. Ces alliances ne sont pas « accidentelles » : ce sont souvent plusieurs sœurs d’une même fratrie qui contractent de tels mariages. Elles répondent véritablement à une stratégie de fusion avec les élites en place. Pour les représentants de la confession minoritaire, se marier avec un catholique entraîne, le plus souvent à court terme, et plus rarement à moyen terme, le renoncement à sa conviction religieuse première. De même, les enfants issus du couple sont appelés à embrasser la religion catholique.
La conversion au judaïsme : prosélytes et reconvertis à Vienne (1868-1914)
Authors: Staudacher Anna L. 
Published: February 2015

Grâce à la loi de 1868 établissant une liberté de choix de culte, les Juifs ont obtenu en Autriche l’égalité de droit en matière de religion. Cette loi a entraîné de fait des conversions au judaïsme ce qui jusque-là était interdit par la loi. Les prosélytes et les convertis étaient la plupart du temps des immigrants miséreux à la recherche de travail, seul un petit nombre d’entre eux étaient mieux lotis. Les enfants des prosélytes des deux sexes, nés auparavant, embrassaient automatiquement la religion juive. Ces prosélytes se mariaient souvent immédiatement dès leur changement de religion. Certains se reconvertissaient à leur religion d’origine. Ils étaient, la plupart du temps, plus âgés, déjà marié(e) s, divorcé(e) s ou veufs/veuves. Ces reconvertis quittant le judaïsme devaient, pour réintégrer leur communauté religieuse, faire baptiser leurs enfants, le conjoint juif devant lui aussi recevoir le baptême.
Testosterone Suppresses Hepatic Inflammation by the Downregulation of IL-17, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10 in a Mouse Model of Experimental Acute Cholangitis
Authors: Schwinge Dorothee , Carambia Antonella , Quaas Alexander , Krech Till , Wegscheid Claudia , Tiegs Gisa , Prinz Immo , Lohse Ansgar W. , Herkel Johannes , Schramm Christoph 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases predominantly affect women. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how sex affects autoimmune hepatic inflammation. Acute experimental cholangitis was induced by adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells into mice, which express the cognate Ag on cholangiocytes. In contrast to previous mouse models of cholangitis, this model displayed a strong sexual dimorphism: female mice developed marked cholangitis, whereas male mice were resistant to cholangitis induction. The recruitment of endogenous CD4+ T cells, but not transferred CD8+ T cells into female livers was strongly increased. These cells expressed higher amounts of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, which was at least in part responsible for the liver inflammation observed. The recruitment of endogenous CD4+ T cells was associated with increased expression of the chemokines CXCL-9 and CXCL-10 in female livers. The sex-specific factor responsible for the observed differences was found to be testosterone: male mice could be rendered susceptible to liver inflammation by castration, and testosterone treatment was sufficient to completely suppress liver inflammation in female mice. Accordingly, testosterone treatment of female mice significantly reduced the expression of IL-17A, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10 within the liver. Serum testosterone levels of untreated mice negatively correlated with the IL-17, CXCL-9, and CXCL-10 expression in the liver, further supporting a role for testosterone in hepatic immune homeostasis. In conclusion, testosterone was found to be the major determinant of the observed sexual dimorphism. Further study into the role of testosterone for liver inflammation could lead to novel treatment targets in human autoimmune liver diseases.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analyses of Islet-Specific CD4+ T Cells Identify Idd9 Genes Controlling Diabetogenic T Cell Function
Authors: Berry Gregory J. , Frielle Christine , Luu Thaiphi , Salzberg Anna C. , Rainbow Daniel B. , Wicker Linda S. , Waldner Hanspeter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a polygenic disease with multiple insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci predisposing humans and NOD mice to disease. NOD.B10 Idd9 congenic mice, in which the NOD Idd9 chromosomal region is replaced by the Idd9 from T1D-resistant C57BL/10 mice, are significantly protected from T1D development. However, the genes and pathways conferring T1D development or protection by Idd9 remain to be fully elucidated. We have developed novel NOD.B10-Idd9 (line 905) congenic mice that predominantly harbor islet-reactive CD4+ T cells expressing the BDC2.5 TCR (BDC-Idd9.905 mice). To establish functional links between the Idd9 genotype and its phenotype, we used microarray analyses to investigate the gene expression profiles of ex vivo and Ag-activated CD4+ T cells from these mice and BDC2.5 (BDC) NOD controls. Among the differentially expressed genes, those located within the Idd9 region were greatly enriched in islet-specific CD4+ T cells. Bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed genes between BDC-Idd9.905 and BDC CD4+ T cells identified Eno1, Rbbp4, and Mtor, all of which are encoded by Idd9 and part of gene networks involved in cellular growth and development. As predicted, proliferation and Th1/Th17 responses of islet-specific CD4+ T cells from BDC-Idd9.905 mice following Ag stimulation in vitro were reduced compared with BDC mice. Furthermore, proliferative responses to endogenous autoantigen and diabetogenic function were impaired in BDC-Idd9.905 CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that differential expression of the identified Idd9 genes contributed to Idd9-dependent T1D susceptibility by controlling the diabetogenic function of islet-specific CD4+ T cells.
Characterization of samhd1 Morphant Zebrafish Recapitulates Features of the Human Type I Interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Kasher Paul R. , Jenkinson Emma M. , Briolat Valérie , Gent David , Morrissey Catherine , Zeef Leo A. H. , Rice Gillian I. , Levraud Jean-Pierre , Crow Yanick J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In humans, loss of function mutations in the SAMHD1 (AGS5) gene cause a severe form of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), an inherited inflammatory-mediated encephalopathy characterized by increased type I IFN activity and upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In particular, SAMHD1-related AGS is associated with a distinctive cerebrovascular pathology that commonly leads to stroke. Although inflammatory responses are observed in immune cells cultured from Samhd1 null mouse models, these mice are physically healthy, specifically lacking a brain phenotype. We have investigated the use of zebrafish as an alternative system for generating a clinically relevant model of SAMHD1-related AGS. Using temporal gene knockdown of zebrafish samhd1, we observe hindbrain ventricular swelling and brain hemorrhage. Furthermore, loss of samhd1 or of another AGS-associated gene, adar, leads to a significant upregulation of innate immune-related genes and an increase in the number of cells expressing the zebrafish type I IFN ifnphi1. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an in vivo model of AGS that recapitulates features of both the innate immune and neurological characteristics of the disease. The phenotypes associated with loss of samhd1 and adar suggest a function of these genes in controlling innate immune processes conserved to zebrafish, thereby also contributing to our understanding of antiviral signaling in this model organism.
Changes in Fatigue, Multiplanar Knee Laxity, and Landing Biomechanics During Intermittent Exercise
Authors: Shultz Sandra J. , Schmitz Randy J. , Cone John R. , Henson Robert A. , Montgomery Melissa M. , Pye Michele L. , Tritsch Amanda J. 
Published: February 2015

Context:
Knee laxity increases during exercise. However, no one, to our knowledge, has examined whether these increases contribute to higher-risk landing biomechanics during prolonged, fatiguing exercise.

Objectives:
To examine associations between changes in fatigue (measured as sprint time [SPTIME]), multiplanar knee laxity (anterior-posterior [APLAX], varus-valgus [VVLAX] knee laxity, and internal-external rotation [IERLAX]) knee laxity and landing biomechanics during prolonged, intermittent exercise.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Laboratory and gymnasium.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 30 male (age = 20.3 ± 2.0 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.05 m, mass = 75.2 ± 7.2 kg) and 29 female (age = 20.5 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m, mass = 61.8 ± 9.0 kg) competitive athletes.

Intervention(s):
A 90-minute intermittent exercise protocol (IEP) designed to simulate the physiologic and biomechanical demands of a soccer match.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We measured SPTIME, APLAX, and landing biomechanics before and after warm-up, every 15 minutes during the IEP, and every 15 minutes for 1 hour after the IEP. We measured VVLAX and IERLAX before and after the warm-up, at 45 and 90 minutes during the IEP, and at 30 minutes after the IEP. We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine associations between exercise-related changes in SPTIME and knee laxity with exercise-related changes in landing biomechanics while controlling for initial (before warm-up) knee laxity.

Results:
We found that SPTIME had a more global effect on landing biomechanics in women than in men, resulting in a more upright landing and a reduction in landing forces and out-of-plane motions about the knee. As APLAX increased with exercise, women increased their knee internal-rotation motion (P = .02), and men increased their hip-flexion motion and energy-absorption (P = .006) and knee-extensor loads (P = .04). As VVLAX and IERLAX increased, women went through greater knee-valgus motion and dorsiflexion and absorbed more energy at the knee (P ≤ .05), whereas men were positioned in greater hip external and knee internal rotation and knee valgus throughout the landing (P = .03). The observed fatigue- and laxity-related changes in landing biomechanics during exercise often depended on initial knee laxity.

Conclusions:
Both exercise-related changes in fatigue and knee laxity were associated with higher-risk landing biomechanics during prolonged exercise. These relationships were more pronounced in participants with greater initial knee laxity.
The Diffeomorphism Type of Canonical Integrations of Poisson Tensors on Surfaces
Authors: Martínez Torres David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA surface ∑ endowed with a Poisson tensor π is known to admit a canonical integration, 𝒢(π), which is a 4-dimensional manifold with a (symplectic) Lie groupoid structure. In this short note we show that if π is not an area form on the 2-sphere, then 𝒢(π) is diffeomorphic to the cotangent bundle T*∑. This extends results by the author and by Bonechi, Ciccoli, Staffolani, and Tarlini.
Human Placenta-Derived Adherent Cells Improve Cardiac Performance in Mice With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Chen Hong-Jung , Chen Chien-Hsi , Chang Ming-Yao , Tsai Da-Ching , Baum Ellen Z. , Hariri Robert , Herzberg Uri , Hsieh Patrick C.H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Human placenta-derived adherent cells (PDACs) are a culture-expanded, undifferentiated mesenchymal-like population derived from full-term placental tissue, with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. PDA-001 (cenplacel-L), an intravenous formulation of PDAC cells, is in clinical development for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We tested the therapeutic effects of PDA-001 in mice with chronic heart failure (CHF). Three weeks after transaortic constriction surgery to induce CHF, the mice underwent direct intramyocardial (IM) or i.v. injection of PDA-001 at a high (0.5 × 106 cells per mouse), medium (0.5 × 105 cells per mouse), or low (0.5 × 104 cells per mouse) dose. The mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after treatment. Echocardiography and ventricular catheterization showed that IM injection of PDA-001 significantly improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function compared with injection of vehicle or i.v. injection of PDA-001. IM injection of PDA-001 also decreased cardiac fibrosis, shown by trichrome staining in the vicinity of the injection sites. Low-dose treatment showed the best improvement in cardiac performance compared with the medium- and high-dose groups. In another independent study to determine the mechanism of action with bromodeoxyuridine labeling, the proliferation rates of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes were significantly increased by low or medium IM dose PDA-001. However, no surviving PDA-001 cells were detected in the heart 1 month after injection. In vivo real-time imaging consistently revealed that the PDA-001 cells were detectable only within 2 days after IM injection of luciferase-expressing PDA-001. Together, these results have demonstrated the cardiac therapeutic potential of PDA-001, likely through a paracrine effect.