bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Creep-deformed Nitrogen-added 316LN Stainless Steels
Authors: Murugesan S. , Mythili R. , Reddy G. V. Prasad , Ganesan V. , Thirumurugesan R. , Dasgupta Arup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractX-ray diffraction detailed analysis of nitrogen-added austenitic 316LN stainless steels with different nitrogen concentrations (0.07, 0.11, 0.14, 0.22 wt.%) was carried out in creep-tested (at 923 K, 200 MPa) and solution-annealed conditions. The effect of nitrogen on lattice parameter was studied before and after creep testing. Size and strain were estimated through Williamson–Hall analysis. High nitrogen-added 316LNSS showed lower dislocation density. Increase in creep rupture lifetime with nitrogen content correlated well with the lattice parameter, crystallite size, and strain.
Apoptotic signaling pathways in bone metastatic lung cancer: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zheng Yi , Zhang Jiakai , Xu Chaoyang , Wu Junlong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of apoptotic signaling pathways in the context of bone metastatic lung cancer, emphasizing the intricate molecular mechanisms and microenvironmental influences. Beginning with an overview of apoptosis in cancer, the paper explores the specific molecular characteristics of bone metastatic lung cancer, highlighting alterations in apoptotic pathways. Focused discussions delve into key apoptotic signaling pathways, including the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, and the roles of critical molecular players such as Bcl-2 family proteins and caspases. Microenvironmental factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, extracellular matrix interactions, and immune cell involvement, are examined in depth. The review also addresses experimental approaches and techniques employed in studying apoptotic signaling, paving the way for a discussion on current therapeutic strategies, their limitations, and future prospects. This synthesis contributes a holistic understanding of apoptosis in bone metastatic lung cancer, offering insights for potential therapeutic advancements.
An agent-based model of cross-platform information diffusion and moderation
Authors: Murdock Isabel , Carley Kathleen M. , Yağan Osman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Social media platforms are highly interconnected because many users maintain a presence across multiple platforms. Consequently, efforts to limit the spread of misinformation taken by individual platforms can have complex consequences on misinformation diffusion across the social media ecosystem. This is further complicated by the diverse social structures, platform standards, and moderation mechanisms provided on each platform. We study this issue by extending our previous model of Reddit interactions and community-specific moderation measures. By adding a followership-based model of Twitter interactions and facilitating cross-platform user participation, we simulate information diffusion across heterogeneous social media platforms. While incorporating platform-specific moderation mechanisms, we simulate interactions at the user level and specify user-specific attributes. This allows practitioners to conduct experiments with various types of actors and different combinations of moderation. We show how the model can simulate the impacts of such features on discussions facilitated by Reddit and Twitter and the cross-platform spread of misinformation. To validate this model, we use a combination of empirical datasets from three U.S. political events and prior findings from user surveys and studies.
Incidence and impact of involuntary rib fracture after intercostal spreading for thoracotomy
Authors: Bastone Sebastiano Angelo , Re Cecconi Emanuela , Patirelis Alexandro , Ambrogi Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThoracotomy with rib spreading still remains the preferred approach for complex surgery. Rib fracture is considered a frequent involuntary event during this approach, but its real incidence has not been adequately investigated yet. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of rib fracture after thoracotomy, the possible risk factors and the relationship with post-operative pain and complications. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of single-institution patients submitted to lateral thoracotomy from January 2016 to June 2023. Exclusion criteria were traumatic etiology and a medical history of osteoporosis. The presence of rib fracture was retrieved by surgical reports or post-operative chest X-ray. Basal and evoked pain after surgery was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale. The considered 30-day post-operative complications were atelectasis, need of endoscopic broncho-aspiration, pneumonia and pleural effusion. A total of 367 consecutive patients underwent thoracotomy in the study period. The median age was 68 (interquartile range 60–75) years. Rib fracture was detected in 179/367 (48.8%) patients. Incidence did not significantly vary throughout years (p = 0.98). The risk of developing post-thoracotomy rib fractures was significantly associated with age greater than the median value (p = 0.003). The presence of rib fracture was related to significantly more elevated evoked pain at 48 h after surgery (p = 0.039) and a higher incidence of complications (32/179 vs 20/188; p = 0.047). Our study demonstrated that rib fracture occurs in almost half of the thoracotomies. Older patients are more likely to develop this event, which significantly correlates to increased evoked post-operative pain and higher rate of post-operative complications.
A Plea for (In)Human-centred AI
Authors: Braun Matthias , Meacham Darian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, we use the account of the “inhuman” that is developed in the work of the French philosopher Jean-François Lyotard to develop a critique of human-centred AI. We argue that Lyotard’s philosophy not only provides resources for a negative critique of human-centred AI discourse, but also contains inspiration for a more constructive account of how the discourse around human-centred AI can take a broader view of the human that includes key dimensions of Lyotard’s inhuman, namely performativity, vulnerability, and novelty. We link these dimensions to questions of epistemic injustice and social recognition. In this way, we hope to develop a proposal for what a richer and more meaningful understanding of human-centred AI might look like.
The homology digraph of a preordered space
Authors: Faustino Catarina , Kahl Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper studies a notion of directed homology for preordered spaces, called the homology digraph. We show that the homology digraph is a directed homotopy invariant and establish variants of the main results of ordinary singular homology theory for the homology digraph. In particular, we prove a Künneth formula, which enables one to compute the homology digraph of a product of preordered spaces from the homology digraphs of the components.
Mitochondria as Nutritional Targets to Maintain Muscle Health and Physical Function During Ageing
Authors: Broome Sophie C. , Whitfield Jamie , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Hawley John A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function leads to a loss of independence and an increased reliance on health-care. Mitochondria are crucial in the aetiology of sarcopenia and have been identified as key targets for interventions that can attenuate declines in physical capacity. Exercise training is a primary intervention that reduces many of the deleterious effects of ageing in skeletal muscle quality and function. However, habitual levels of physical activity decline with age, making it necessary to implement adjunct treatments to maintain skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and physical function. This review provides an overview of the effects of ageing and exercise training on human skeletal muscle mitochondria and considers several supplements that have plausible mechanistic underpinning to improve physical function in ageing through their interactions with mitochondria. Several supplements, including MitoQ, urolithin A, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), and a combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) can improve physical function in older individuals through a variety of inter-dependent mechanisms including increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and energetics, decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission and oxidative damage, and improvements in mitochondrial quality control. While there is evidence that some nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors can improve physical function in older individuals, such an outcome seems unrelated to and independent of changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Future research should investigate the safety and efficacy of compounds that can improve skeletal muscle health in preclinical models through mechanisms involving mitochondria, such as mitochondrial-derived peptides and mitochondrial uncouplers, with a view to extending the human health-span.
Two-scale concurrent simulations for crack propagation using FEM–DEM bridging coupling
Authors: Voisin-Leprince Manon , Garcia-Suarez Joaquin , Anciaux Guillaume , Molinari Jean-François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Discrete element method (DEM) is a robust numerical tool for simulating crack propagation and wear in granular materials. However, the computational cost associated with DEM hinders its applicability to large domains. To address this limitation, we employ DEM to model regions experiencing crack propagation and wear, and utilize the finite element method (FEM) to model regions experiencing small deformation, thus reducing the computational burden. The two domains are linked using a FEM–DEM coupling, which considers an overlapping region where the deformation of the two domains is reconciled. We employ a “strong coupling” formulation, in which each DEM particle in the overlapping region is constrained to an equivalent position obtained by nodal interpolation in the finite element. While the coupling method has been proved capable of handling propagation of small-amplitude waves between domains, we examine in this paper its accuracy to efficiently model for material failure events. We investigate two cases of material failure in the DEM region: the first one involves mode I crack propagation, and the second one focuses on rough surfaces’ shearing leading to debris creation. For each, we consider several DEM domain sizes, representing different distances between the coupling region and the DEM undergoing inelasticity and fracture. The accuracy of the coupling approach is evaluated by comparing it with a pure DEM simulation, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in accurately capturing the behavior of the pure DEM, regardless of the placement of the coupling region.
A counterfactual explanation method based on modified group influence function for recommendation
Authors: Guo Yupu , Cai Fei , Pan Zhiqiang , Shao Taihua , Chen Honghui , Zhang Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, recommendation explanation methods have received widespread attention due to their potentials to enhance user experience and streamline transactions. In scenarios where auxiliary information such as text and attributes are lacking, counterfactual explanation has emerged as a crucial technique for explaining recommendations. However, existing counterfactual explanation methods encounter two primary challenges. First, a substantial bias indeed exists in the calculation of the group impact function, leading to the inaccurate predictions as the counterfactual explanation group expands. In addition, the importance of collaborative filtering as a counterfactual explanation is overlooked, which results in lengthy, narrow, and inaccurate explanations. To address such issues, we propose a counterfactual explanation method based on Modified Group Influence Function for recommendation. In particular, via a rigorous formula derivation, we demonstrate that a simple summation of individual influence functions cannot reflect the group impact in recommendations. After that, building upon the improved influence function, we construct the counterfactual groups by iteratively incorporating the individuals from the training samples, which possess the greatest influence on the recommended results, and continuously adjusting the parameters to ensure accuracy. Finally, we expand the scope of searching for counterfactual groups by incorporating the collaborative filtering information from different users. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we employ it to explain the recommendations generated by two common recommendation models, i.e., Matrix Factorization and Neural Collaborative Filtering, on two publicly available datasets. The evaluation of the proposed counterfactual explanation method showcases its superior performance in providing counterfactual explanations. In the most significant case, our proposed method achieves a 17% lead in terms of Counterfactual precision compared to the best baseline explanation method.
CL-fusionBEV: 3D object detection method with camera-LiDAR fusion in Bird’s Eye View
Authors: Shi Peicheng , Liu Zhiqiang , Dong Xinlong , Yang Aixi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the wave of research on autonomous driving, 3D object detection from the Bird’s Eye View (BEV) perspective has emerged as a pivotal area of focus. The essence of this challenge is the effective fusion of camera and LiDAR data into the BEV. Current approaches predominantly train and predict within the front view and Cartesian coordinate system, often overlooking the inherent structural and operational differences between cameras and LiDAR sensors. This paper introduces CL-FusionBEV, an innovative 3D object detection methodology tailored for sensor data fusion in the BEV perspective. Our approach initiates with a view transformation, facilitated by an implicit learning module that transitions the camera’s perspective to the BEV space, thereby aligning the prediction module. Subsequently, to achieve modal fusion within the BEV framework, we employ voxelization to convert the LiDAR point cloud into BEV space, thereby generating LiDAR BEV spatial features. Moreover, to integrate the BEV spatial features from both camera and LiDAR, we have developed a multi-modal cross-attention mechanism and an implicit multi-modal fusion network, designed to enhance the synergy and application of dual-modal data. To counteract potential deficiencies in global reasoning and feature interaction arising from multi-modal cross-attention, we propose a BEV self-attention mechanism that facilitates comprehensive global feature operations. Our methodology has undergone rigorous evaluation on a substantial dataset within the autonomous driving domain, the nuScenes dataset. The outcomes demonstrate that our method achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 73.3% and a nuScenes Detection Score (NDS) of 75.5%, particularly excelling in the detection of cars and pedestrians with high accuracies of 89% and 90.7%, respectively. Additionally, CL-FusionBEV exhibits superior performance in identifying occluded and distant objects, surpassing existing comparative methods.
Analyzing Aging Effects on SRAM PUFs: Implications for Security and Reliability
Authors: Bhatta Niraj Prasad , Singh Harshdeep , Ghimire Ashutosh , Amsaad Fathi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aging effects on Static Random-Access Memory Physical Unclonable Functions (SRAM PUFs) pose significant security and reliability challenges for current hardware systems. SRAM PUFs utilize process variations in integrated circuits for secure key generation and device authentication. However, aging effects such as bias temperature instability (BTI) and hot carrier injection (HCI) may change SRAM cell characteristics and affect PUF responses. This study addresses various aging-induced variation challenges, identifies security vulnerabilities, and provides innovative approaches to risk reduction. Furthermore, this study focuses on concerns about SRAM PUF reliability. In this regard, mitigation approaches like adaptive reconfiguration, error correction codes, and multi-modal PUFs are introduced to enhance the resilience of SRAM PUFs. This study concludes by outlining future research directions and prospects for improving SRAM PUF-based security solutions by several orders of magnitude. This is carried out with various complexities related to semiconductor device aging.
2-Products of Idempotent by Nilpotent Matrices
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore , Pop Horia F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver Prüfer domains, we characterize idempotent by nilpotent 2-products of $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

matrices. Nilpotents are always such products. We also provide large classes of rings over which every $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

idempotent matrix is such a product. Finally, for $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

matrices over GCD domains, idempotent–nilpotent products which are also nilpotent–idempotent products are characterized.
Severe Dysphagia in a Patient with Wallenberg Syndrome and Killian Jamieson Diverticulum: A Case Report
Authors: Cotaoco Carmel , Goto Takao , Koyama Misaki , Sato Taku , Kondo Kenji , Ueha Rumi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome) and Killian Jamieson diverticulum are both conditions known to cause dysphagia. Here, we present the first reported case of severe dysphagia due to Wallenberg syndrome and a Killian Jamieson diverticulum discovered incidentally during videofluoroscopic swallowing study. A 66-year-old male previously diagnosed with Wallenberg syndrome was referred to our hospital due to severe dysphagia. Pre-operative work-up revealed decreased left-sided pharyngeal contraction, left vocal fold paralysis, impaired laryngeal elevation, and poor upper esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing. Furthermore, on videofluoroscopic swallowing study, an incidental finding of a contrast-filled outpouching of the esophagus on the left, below the level of the cricopharyngeus, indicated the presence of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum. The patient underwent bilateral cricopharyngeal myotomy with diverticulectomy, laryngeal suspension surgery, and tracheostoma revision. The diagnosis of a Killian Jamieson diverticulum was confirmed based on intra-operative findings, as the diverticular pouch was indeed seen to be located below the cricopharyngeal muscle. For patients with severe dysphagia that does not improve with swallowing rehabilitation, swallowing improvement surgery is an option. It aims to improve pre-operatively identified dysfunctional sites in the swallowing mechanism. It is important to always consider pharyngoesophageal diverticula as a possible cause of dysphagia so as not to miss the diagnosis. In this patient’s case, diverticulectomy was necessary to ensure the best possible outcomes in terms of improving his dysphagia.
Digital Disconnection of Australian Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Practices and Enablers
Authors: Fu Jun , Sideris Maddison 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the practices of Australian young adults disconnecting from social media during the COVID-19 pandemic for wellbeing purposes. Drawing on interview data about their experiences of social media use in the first year of the pandemic, we explored how they disconnect from social media and the enablers of their disconnection practices. The results reveal a spectrum of disconnection practices, ranging from overall device disconnection to specific app feature avoidance. These practices were enabled by their social media literacy and affective emotions generated from social media use. Based on these insights, we argue that support for youth digital wellbeing must not concentrate solely on educating young people to be effective and responsible users of social media. Instead, diverse forms of social and affective connections upon which their affective capacities rely should be considered with equal importance. Additionally, by considering these disconnection practices within their specific social and technological context, we critically engage with the notion of digital wellbeing as an individual capacity by underlining the structural inequalities embedded in people’s digital literacy and their capacities to act on their affective emotions.
A powerful potion for a potent problem: transformative justice for generative AI in healthcare
Authors: Gross Nicole 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a transformative technology, holds significant promise for applications in healthcare. At the same time, the datafication, AI integration, and commodification of health have opened the floodgates for ethical issues, including those related to fairness, access, beneficence, democracy, solidarity, inclusion, and societal harms. As further the digitalization, innovation, and disruption of healthcare is inevitable, the paper maps out how power, equity, access, identity, participation, and knowledge contribute to creating social injustice issues. It also discusses that current justice approaches—distributive justice, representational justice, restorative justice, and capabilities-centered justice—do not have enough impact to prevent or remedy the many harms and injustices that AI has already created in healthcare or will continue to do so. The paper proposes that a transformative justice approach is needed for generative AI as a transformative technology, focused on (1) peace, emancipation, and eliminating the root causes of injustice, (2) holistic conflict resolution, (3) human rights-based approaches, and (4) the empowerment of agency and actors.
Investigation and detection of multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in municipal wastewater of Dhaka city
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakkar , Munni Atia , Hasan Maruf , Raj Rayhan , Mutalib Md. Abdul , Sikder Md. Tajuddin , Okino Tatsufumi , Ahmed Ayesha , Hossain Md. Shakhaoat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Water pollution in densely populated urban areas, mainly from municipal wastewater, poses a significant threat. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. and fecal coliform, endanger public health and the environment. Additionally, antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater complicate treatment and heighten public health concerns.

Methods
The study sampled municipal wastewater from ten Dhaka neighborhoods, selecting treatment plants, sewage outlets, and various collection points using meticulous techniques for representative samples. Bacteriological and biochemical analyses were conducted using standardized methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed with the disk diffusion method against 13 widely used antibiotics.

Results
All sampled areas exhibited positive results for Vibrio spp., fecal coliform, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. Varying bacterial concentrations were observed, with the highest concentration of TVC, total vibrio spp., and total fecal coliform, total E. coli count, and total Salmonella spp. were found in Uttara (1.9 × 104 CFU/ml), Bangshal (1.8 × 102 CFU/ml), and Lalbag (2.1 × 103 CFU/ml), Mirpur (3.70 × 102 CFU/ml), and Lalbag (6 × 102 CFU/ml) respectively. AST results revealed significant resistance among all bacterial species to various antibiotics. Specifically, Vibrio spp. showed 100% resistance to cefuroxime, fecal coliform exhibited 90% resistance to cephradine, E. coli demonstrated 60% resistance to cephradine, and Salmonella spp. displayed 90% resistance to ampicillin.

Conclusion
The study highlights the existence of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Dhaka's wastewater. Addressing antibiotic resistance is essential to manage the risks of multiple antibiotic-resistant infections and maintain antibiotic effectiveness. These implications are critical for various stakeholders, including public health officials, policymakers, environmentalists, and urban planners.