bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of expression of PCA3, Hepsin and miR biomarkers inejaculate in combination with serum PSA for the detection of prostate cancer
Authors: Roberts Matthew J. , Chow Clement W. K. , Schirra Horst Joachim , Richards Renee , Buck Marion , Selth Luke A. , Doi Suhail A. R. , Samaratunga Hema , Perry‐Keene Joanna , Payton Diane , Yaxley John , Lavin Martin F. , Gardiner Robert A. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND METHODSHere, we report on the evaluation of the diagnostic performance of ejaculate‐derived PCA3, Hepsin, and miRNAs to complement serum PSA to detect prostate cancer. cDNA was prepared from 152 candidate specimens following RNA isolation and amplification for PSA, PCA3 and Hepsin qPCR, with 66 having adequate RNA for all three assays. Small RNA sequencing and examination of PCa‐associated miRNAs miR‐200b, miR‐200c, miR‐375 and miR‐125b was performed on 20 specimens. We compared findings from prostate biopsies using D'Amico and PRIAS classifications and in relation to whole gland histopathology following radical prostatectomy. Multivariate logistic regression modeling and clinical risk (incorporating standard clinicopathological variables) were performed for all ejaculate‐based markers.RESULTSWhile Hepsin alone was not of predictive value, the Hepsin:PCA3 ratio together with serum PSA, expressed as a univariate composite score based on multivariate logistic regression, was shown to be a better predictor than PSA alone of prostate cancer status (AUC 0.724 vs. 0.676) and risk, using D'Amico (AUC 0.701 vs. 0.680) and PRIAS (AUC 0.679 vs. 0.659) risk stratification criteria as classified using prostate biopsies. It was also possible to analyse a subgroup of patients for miRNA expression with miR‐200c (AUC 0.788) and miR‐375 (AUC 0.758) showing best single marker performance, while a combination of serum PSA, miR‐200c, and miR‐125b further improved prediction for prostate cancer status when compared to PSA alone determined by biopsy (AUC 0.869 vs. 0.672; P < 0.05), and risk (D'Amico/PRIAS) as well as by radical prostatectomy histology (AUC 0.809 vs. 0.690). For prostate cancer status by biopsy, at a sensitivity of 90%, the specificity of the test increased from 11% for PSA alone to 67% for a combination of PSA, miR‐200c, and miR‐125b.CONCLUSIONSThese results show that use of a combination of different types of genetic markers in ejaculate together with serum PSA are at least as sensitive as those reported in DRE urine. Furthermore, a combination of serum PSA and selected miRNAs improved prediction of prostate cancer status. This approach may be helpful in triaging patients for MRI and biopsy, when confirmed by larger studies. Prostate 75: 539–549, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel urinary long non‐coding RNA transcript improves diagnostic accuracy in patients undergoing prostate biopsy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ren Shan‐Cheng , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Ya‐wei , Zhu Ya‐Sheng , Jing Tai‐Le , Wang Fu‐Bo , Chen Rui , Xu Chuan‐Liang , Wang Hui‐Qing , Wang Hai‐Feng , Wang Yan , Liu Bing , Li Yao‐Ming , Fang Zi‐Yu , Guo Fei , Lu Xin , Shen Dan , Gao Xu , Hou Jian‐Guo , Sun Ying‐Hao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) PCA3 has been a well‐established urine biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). Our previous study showed a novel LncRNA FR0348383 is up‐regulated in over 70% of PCa compared with matched benign tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of urinary FR0348383 for men undergoing prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA (PSA > 4.0 ng/ml) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE).MethodsPost‐DRE first‐catch urine specimens prior to prostate biopsies were prospectively collected. After the whole transcriptome amplification, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify urine FR0348383 and PSA levels. The FR0348383 score was calculated as the ratio of PSA and FR0348383 mRNA (PSA mRNA/FR0348383 mRNA × 1000). The diagnostic value of FR0348383 score was evaluated by logistic regression and decision curve analysis.Results213 cases with urine samples containing sufficient mRNA were included, 94 cases had serum PSA level 4.0–10.0 ng/ml. PCa was identified in 72 cases. An increasing FR0348383 score was correlated with an increasing probability of a positive biopsy (P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic analysis indicated FR0348383 score (P < 0.001), PSA (P = 0.004), age (P = 0.007), prostate volume (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of PCa. ROC analysis demonstrated FR0348383 score outperformed PSA, %free PSA, and PSA Density in the prediction of PCa in the subgroup of patients with grey area PSA (AUC: 0.815 vs. 0.562 vs. 0.599 vs. 0.645). When using a probability threshold of 30% in the grey zone cohort, The FR0348383 score would save 52.0% of avoidable biopsies without missing any high grade cancers.ConclusionsFR0348383 transcript in post‐DRE urine may be a novel biomarker for detection of PCa with great diagnostic value, especially in the grey zone cohort. The application of FR0348383 score in clinical practice might avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies and increase the specificity of PCa diagnosis. Prostate 75: 653–661, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐based imaging in prostate cancer: Impact on clinical decision making process
Authors: Demirkol Mehmet Onur , Acar Ömer , Uçar Burcu , Ramazanoğlu Sultan Rana , Sağlıcan Yeşim , Esen Tarık 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThere is an ongoing need for an accurate imaging modality which can be used for staging purposes, metastatic evaluation, predicting biologic aggresiveness and investigating recurrent disease in prostate cancer. Prostate specific membrane antigen, given its favorable molecular characteristics, holds a promise as an ideal target for prostate cancer‐specific nuclear imaging. In this study, we evaluated our initial results of PSMA based PET/CT imaging in prostate cancer.METHODSA total of 22 patients with a median age and serum PSA level of 68 years and 4.15 ng/ml, respectively underwent Ga‐68 PSMA PET/CT in our hospital between Februrary and August 2014. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed in order to document the clinical characteristics, the indications for and the results of PSMA based imaging and the impact of Ga‐68 PSMA PET/CT findings on disease management.RESULTSThe most common indications were rising PSA after local ± adjuvant treatment followed by staging and metastatic evaluation before definitive or salvage treatment. All except 2 patients had prostatic ± extraprostatic PSMA positive lesions. For those who had a positive result; treatment strategies were tailored accordingly. Above the PSA level of 2 ng/ml, none of the PSMA based nuclear imaging studies revealed negative results.CONCLUSIONSPSMA based nuclear imaging has significantly impacted our way of handling patients with prostate cancer. Its preliminary performance in different clinical scenarios and ability to detect lesions even in low PSA values seems fairly promising and deserves to be supplemented with further clinical studies. Prostate 75:748–757, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial separation of semiochemical Lurem‐TR and entomopathogenic fungi to enhance their compatibility and infectivity in an autoinoculation system for thrips management
Authors: Mfuti David K , Subramanian Sevgan , van Tol Rob WHM , Wiegers Gerrie L , de Kogel Willem J , Niassy Saliou , du Plessis Hannalene , Ekesi Sunday , Maniania Nguya K 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of spatial separation of the semiochemical Lurem‐TR, which has been found to inhibit conidia of entomopathogenic fungi when put together, on the persistence of conidia of Metarhizium brunneum and M. anisopliae was evaluated in the greenhouse and field in order to develop an autodissemination strategy for the management of Megalurothrips sjostedti on cowpea crop. Influence of spatial separation of the semiochemical on thrips attraction and conidial acquisition by thrips from the autoinoculation device was also investigated in the field.RESULTSPersistence of conidia of M. brunneum and M. anisopliae increased with distance of separation of Lurem‐TR. Direct exposure of fungus without separation from Lurem‐TR recorded the lowest conidial germination as compared with the other treatments. Attraction of thrips to the device also varied significantly according to distance between device and semiochemical, with a higher number of thrips attracted when Lurem‐TR was placed in a container below the device and at 10 cm distance. There was no significant difference in conidial acquisition between spatial separation treatments of conidia and Lurem‐TR. Attraction of other insect pests to the device did not significantly vary between treatments. Positive correlations were found between conidial acquisition and thrips attraction.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that spatial separation of fungal conidia from Lurem‐TR in an autoinoculation device could provide a low‐cost strategy for effective management of thrips in grain legume cropping systems. © 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The slowly evolving background state of the atmosphere
Authors: Methven John , Berrisford Paul 
Published: January 2015

The theory of wave–mean flow interaction requires a partition of the atmospheric flow into a notional background state and perturbations to it. Here, a background state, known as the Modified Lagrangian Mean (MLM), is defined as the zonally symmetric state obtained by requiring that every potential vorticity (PV) contour lying within an isentropic layer encloses the same mass and circulation as in the full flow. For adiabatic and frictionless flow, these two integral properties are time‐invariant and the MLM state is a steady solution of the primitive equations. The time dependence in the adiabatic flow is put into the perturbations, which can be described by a wave‐activity conservation law that is exact even at large amplitude. Furthermore, the effects of non‐conservative processes on wave activity can be calculated from the conservation law.A new method to calculate the MLM state is introduced, where the position of the lower boundary is obtained as part of the solution. The results are illustrated using Northern Hemisphere ERA‐Interim data. The MLM state evolves slowly, implying that the net non‐conservative effects are weak. Although ‘adiabatic eddy fluxes’ cannot affect the MLM state, the effects of Rossby‐wave breaking, PV filamentation and subsequent dissipation result in sharpening of the polar vortex edge and meridional shifts in the MLM zonal flow, both at tropopause level and on the winter stratospheric vortex. The rate of downward migration of wave activity during stratospheric sudden warmings is shown to be given by the vertical scale associated with polar vortex tilt divided by the time‐scale for wave dissipation estimated from the wave‐activity conservation law. Aspects of troposphere–stratosphere interaction are discussed.The new framework is suitable to examine the climate and its interactions with disturbances, such as midlatitude storm tracks, and makes a clean partition between adiabatic and non‐conservative processes.
Dual high‐stake emerging technologies: a review of the climate engineering research literature
Authors: Linnér Björn‐Ola , Wibeck Victoria 
Published: January 2015

The literature on climate engineering, or geoengineering, covers a wide range of potential methods for solar radiation management or carbon dioxide removal that vary in technical aspects, temporal and spatial scales, potential environmental impacts, and legal, ethical, and governance challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of social and natural science papers on this topic since 2006 and listed in SCOPUS and Web of Science. It adds to previous literature reviews by combining analyses of bibliometric patterns and of trends in how the technologies are framed in terms of content, motivations, stakes, and recommendations. Most peer‐reviewed climate engineering literature does not weigh the risks and new, additional, benefits of the various technologies, but emphasizes either the potential dangers of climate engineering or the climate change consequences of refraining from considering the research, development, demonstration, and/or deployment of climate engineering technologies. To analyse this polarity, not prevalent in the literature on earlier emerging technologies, we explore the concept of dual high‐stake technologies. As appeals to fear have proven ineffective in spurring public engagement in climate change, we may not expect significant public support for climate engineering technologies whose rationale is not to achieve benefits in addition to avoiding the high stakes of climate change. Furthermore, in designing public engagement exercises, researchers must be careful not to steer discussions by emphasizing one type of stake framing over another. A dual high‐stake, rather than risk–benefit, framing should also be considered in analysing some emerging technologies with similar characteristics, for example, nanotechnology for pollution control. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:255–268. doi: 10.1002/wcc.333This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Achalasia and Epiphrenic Diverticulum
Authors: Herbella Fernando A. M. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEsophageal epiphrenic diverticulum (EED) is a pseudodiverticulum of pulsion type located in the distal 10 cm of the esophagus and frequently associated to achalasia. The symptoms and the pathophysiology of achalasia and EED may overlap, leading to the speculation that achalasia may be responsible for the symptoms. Similarly to patients with achalasia without EED, a careful preoperative evaluation is essential in patients with EED. Endoscopy and an esophagram are mandatory in the workup of these patients, while esophageal manometry confirms the associated motility disorder. Treatment is indicated in all patients fit for an operation except those who are asymptomatic with a small EED and no prior history of aspiration. Laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy and partial fundoplication is the most adequate therapy. Diverticulectomy must be added to the procedure in large diverticula. Experience with endoscopic therapy is very limited.
The Impact on the Family of Four Neurogenetic Syndromes: A Comparative Study of Parental Views
Authors: Reilly Colin , Murtagh Lelia , Senior Joyce 
Published: January 2015

AbstractResearch on behavioral phenotypes in neurogenetic syndromes has primarily focused on aspects of the affected child's behavior. However, the impact of having a child with a neurogenetic syndrome on aspects of family functioning can be significant and differ across syndromes. Parents (N = 381) of school‐aged children with one of four neurogenetic syndromes: fragile X Syndrome (FXS), Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS), Williams Syndrome (WS) and 22q11.2 (22qDEL) were asked about challenges, restrictions, future concerns and positive aspects arising from having an affected child. Factors associated with these aspects were analysed via logistic regression. Restrictions were most often reported by parents of children with FXS. The factors significantly (p < .01) associated with the parent reported restrictions were the presence of a behavioral/psychiatric condition and a lower level of receptive communication. The challenges endorsed most often were the child's learning and social skills difficulties. Significant differences (p < .01) between the syndromes were noted for many of the challenges. Ninety‐six percent of parents endorsed at least one positive aspect but most aspects endorsed did not differ between the genetic syndromes. Having a behavioral/psychiatric condition was the only factor significantly associated (p < .01) with endorsing a lower number of positive aspects and a higher number of challenges. There are some commonalities but also significant differences across syndromes regarding views on how a child's syndrome affects family functioning. These differences may be important with regard to how to counsel and support affected families. The presence of behavioral/psychiatric conditions is an important predictor of negative family outcome across the syndromes.
Chemical Synthesis and Gas Chromatographic Behaviour of γ‐Stearidonic (18:4n‐6) Acid
Authors: Vyssotski Mikhail , Lagutin Kirill , MacKenzie Andrew , Itabashi Yutaka 
Published: January 2015

Abstractγ‐Stearidonic acid, 18:4n‐6, a potential product of β‐oxidation of arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6), was only recently positively identified in a living organism—a thermophilic cyanobacterium Tolypothrix sp., albeit at low levels, whilst some indirect evidence suggests its wider presence, e.g. in a unicellular marine alga. We have prepared 18:4n‐6 using an iodolactonisation chain‐shortening approach from 22:5n‐6 and obtained its 1H‐, 13C‐, COSY‐ and HSQC NMR spectra, with 18:5n‐3 spectra also recorded for a comparison. The GC and GC‐MS behaviour of its methyl ester was also studied. Like another Δ3 polyunsaturated acid, octadecapentaenoic (18:5n‐3), 18:4n‐6 rapidly yields 2‐trans isomer upon formation of dimethyloxazoline derivative. On a polar ionic liquid phase (SLB‐IL100, 200 °C) the methyl ester could be mistaken for 18:3n‐3, while on methylsilicone phase (BP1, 210 °C) it eluted ahead of 18:3n‐6 and 18:4n‐3, suggesting that when present it may be easily misidentified during GC analysis of fatty acids.
Early ultrasonographic evaluation of idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulations, casts, and Botox®: A double-blind randomized control trial
Authors: Howren Alyssa M. , Jamieson Douglas H. , Alvarez Christine M. 
Published: January 2015

Background The manipulations, casts, and Botox® method for treating idiopathic clubfoot is an alternative non-surgical treatment method. Botox®-induced reversible muscle paralysis of the gastrocsoleus enables a physician to manipulate and cast the clubfoot in greater dorsiflexion. Ultrasound is incorporated during the early treatment stages to monitor the underlying physiology of the muscle–tendon unit following Botox®. Methods Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed parallel to a double-blind randomized control trial administering Botox® or placebo to correct clubfoot. Patients underwent two-dimensional ultrasound to monitor the length changes to the gastrocsoleus and Achilles tendon unit at two time points: pre-injection (baseline) and 6 weeks post-blinded injection. Gastrocsoleus and Achilles tendon length measurements were analyzed among placebo, Botox® and contralateral controls using repeated measures ANOVA. Results The baseline gastrocsoleus length of the clubfoot (322.4 pixels) before blinded injection appears shorter than controls (337.5 pixels), but fails to reach significance ( p = 0.05). The complex length within each of the three treatment groups displayed no significant change between baseline and 6 weeks. The complex–tendon ratio and muscle–tendon ratio of the Botox® treatment group was significantly decreased compared to controls ( p = 0.049 and 0.042, respectively). Briefly, when expressed as a proportion, an increase in Achilles tendon length and decrease in gastrocsoleus is observed when clubfeet are treated with Botox®. Conclusions Only in the Botox® treatment cohort did the muscle shrink to uncover tendon (seen as a decreased complex–tendon ratio and muscle–tendon ratio) over the 6-week interval to effectively increase tendon length with respect to the unit as a whole.
An Appropriate Population for Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation? A Case Series of Three Patients With Advanced Heart Failure on Continuous Inotropic Support
Authors: McCormick Zachary L. , Chu Samuel K. , Goodman Daniel , Oswald Matthew , Reger Christopher , Sliwa James 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe number of individuals with heart failure and the treatment modalities available to manage heart failure are increasing. Continuous inotropic support is a treatment modality used in cases of severe heart failure. Although most patients initiated on continuous inotropic support are discharged home, those with greater functional compromise, comorbid conditions that cause disability, or other significant medical complexity may be referred to acute inpatient rehabilitation. The feasibility and benefits of acute inpatient rehabilitation in this population, however, has yet to be investigated. We report the functional progress and medical complications of 3 patients on continuous inotropic support who participated in acute inpatient rehabilitation. The patients demonstrated varying levels of success, highlighting a need for evidence‐based, preadmission screening criteria for this population.
Bifidobacterium bifidumR0071 results in a greater proportion of healthy days and a lower percentage of academically stressed students reporting a day of cold/flu: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Langkamp-Henken Bobbi , Rowe Cassie C. , Ford Amanda L. , Christman Mary C. , Nieves Carmelo , Khouri Lauren , Specht Gretchen J. , Girard Stephanie-Anne , Spaiser Samuel J. , Dahl Wendy J. 
Published: January 2015

Acute psychological stress is positively associated with a cold/flu. The present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of three potentially probiotic bacteria on the proportion of healthy days over a 6-week period in academically stressed undergraduate students (n581) who receivedLactobacillus helveticusR0052,Bifidobacterium longumssp.infantisR0033,Bifidobacterium bifidumR0071 or placebo. On each day, participants recorded the intensity (scale: 0 = not experiencing to 3 = very intense) for nine cold/flu symptoms, and a sum of symptom intensity >6 was designated as a day of cold/flu.B. bifidumresulted in a greater proportion of healthy days than placebo (P≤ 0·05). The percentage of participants reporting ≥ 1 d of cold/flu during the 6-week intervention period was significantly lower withB. bifidumthan with placebo (P< 0·05). There were no effects ofB. infantisorL. helveticuscompared with placebo on either outcome. A predictive model accounted for influential characteristics and their interactions on daily reporting of cold/flu episodes. The proportion of participants reporting a cold on any given day was lower at weeks 2 and 3 withB. bifidumandB. infantisthan with placebo for the average level of stress and the most commonly reported number of hours of sleep. Daily intake of bifidobacteria provides benefit related to cold/flu outcomes during acute stress.
Speaking of the Dead and the Speaking Dead
Authors: PENNER ERIN KAY 
Published: January 2015

Scholars of literary mourning find themselves in an odd position, often taking part in elegy even as they critique it. In her new bookDying Modern: A Meditation on Elegy, Diana Fuss fully embraces both roles. She offers readers the opportunity to see elegy in action – she notes, “The book itself is as performative as it is purposeful, perhaps comprising its own distinctive form of elegy” (3) – even as she raises new questions about the role of an ancient poetic form in an era of mass media that is, of course, written in prose.