bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complicity and Cold War Politics: The Long Shadow of Unit 731 in Sino-U.S. Relations
Authors: Matson Emily M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The horrific human experimentation Ishii Shirō and his colleagues conducted at Unit 731 is a dark chapter in China’s War of Resistance against Japan. Less well known, however, is the U.S. role in covering up this atrocity with a postwar decision to grant immunity to the perpetrators in exchange for the research data they possessed. Moreover, there exist strong allegations to this day in China that the United States subsequently conducted bacteriological warfare against Chinese and North Korean civilians in the Korean War. This article examines how memories of this “victor’s justice” remain a strong component of Chinese patriotic education today. It argues that China’s “century of humiliation,” which focuses on Chinese victimization at the hands of foreign imperialists, did not end in 1949 with the formation of the People’s Republic of China, but rather the Chinese Communist Party employs it today to portray Chinese victimization at the hands of U.S. imperialism through at least the end of the Korean War in July 1953. Furthermore, this article suggests that understanding Chinese public memory of Unit 731 is extremely relevant to understanding contemporary Sino-American relations because these memories help shape public perception of the United States for ordinary Chinese.
The ‘Reischauer Offensive’: A Scholar-Diplomat’s Challenge to Japan’s Leftist Intellectuals, 1961–1966
Authors: Yoshii Midori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article discusses Edwin O. Reischauer’s role in the scholarly debates on the modern history of Japan during his ambassadorship from 1961 to 1966. It challenges Takeshi Matsuda’s recent interpretation in his Soft Power, and Its Perils: U.S. Cultural Policy in Early Postwar Japan and Permanent Dependency that the “Reischauer Offensive” aimed to make Japan feel subservient, creating “a psychology of dependence.” The article argues instead that Reischauer’s efforts for “equal partnership” and his scholarly challenge to Marxists' interpretation brought a culture of open debate in Japan.
Contact-Induced Change in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialects
Authors: Khan Geoffrey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, I present an introductory overview of the Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects, followed by a study of various aspects of contact-induced change that are exhibited by these dialects. Neo-Aramaic dialects were also spoken by Christian communities in the same region. The Jewish and Christian dialects differ from one another, even where the two communities lived in the same geographical area. I show that contact-induced change was generally more advanced in Jewish NENA dialects than in neighboring Christian dialects. I also demonstrate that a study of contact-induced changes provides evidence of the migration history of the communities. I present two case studies of differing degrees of convergence with contact languages and evidence of different migration patterns. These are (i) the Jewish and Christian NENA dialects of Urmi (northwestern Iran) and (ii) the Jewish and Christian NENA dialects of Sanandaj (western Iran).
“This Is Called Ḥaliq”
Authors: Sienna Noam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Descriptions of the Passover evening service in Gaonic writings of the late ninth and early tenth centuries include the word ḥaliq as an alternative term for ḥaroset, a sweet and sour dipping sauce made from fruit and nuts. Through a diachronic view of ḥaroset in both the Greco-Roman context of the rabbinic Passover meal and the ʿAbbasid context of Gaonic Judeo-Arabic writing, I argue that the etymology of ḥaliq should be derived ultimately from the Latin allec, referring to a fermented fish sauce that was an essential ingredient of the dipping sauces from which ḥaroset evolved. I conclude with a survey of how ḥaliq (and words derived from it) was maintained as a term for ḥaroset in Jewish languages around the world from the Middle Ages until the present day.
The Letters of the Geonim as a Source of Epistolary Linguistic Forms in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Stern Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The writing formulas in official letters in Modern Hebrew are often identical or similar to the formulas revealed in the Geonic letters. This article presents these similar formulas with two purposes in mind: 1) to illustrate the significance of the Interim Period for the formation of Modern Hebrew; 2) to show that the continuity of the use of the Hebrew language throughout history was a major factor that allowed the revival of Modern Hebrew.
The Centrality of the Workplace and Class Consciousness in the US South: The New Orleans Community Studies
Authors: Melcher Cody R. , van der Naald Joseph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The popular and scholarly imagination considers Americans—especially those from the US South—to be averse to working-class politics. The South, in particular, is regarded as having especially low levels of class consciousness, hopelessly mired in racist or racialized ideologies which effectively eliminate the possibility of working-class solidarity. This article problematizes these conclusions by presenting the results of a series of studies conducted in New Orleans, Louisiana. Interviews with activists and community leaders, as well as two representative surveys of the city find that New Orleanians are remarkably class conscious, and almost universally regard the workplace as the central social system for determining their overall well-being. These findings are contextualized in Louisiana’s oft-ignored labor history, and contrasted with the currently en vogue “white working class” literature.
Le maître et la vassale
Authors: Vuillerod Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2024

Résumé
Cet article se propose de revenir sur l’appropriation, par Simone de Beauvoir, de la dialectique hégélienne du maître et de l’esclave. Il montre que, dans Le Deuxième Sexe, les femmes ne sont pas des esclaves, mais des vassales. Ce déplacement du rapport d’esclavage à une relation de vassalité permet à Beauvoir de préserver la liberté ambiguë des femmes : ce qui les rend certes complices de leur domination, mais maintient également chez elles la potentialité de l’émancipation.
The Theme and the Form: Three Querelles in al-Ǧāḥiẓ’s Dispute over Girls and Boys
Authors: Magliozzi Aurora 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The literary dispute over the respective merits of girls and boys as objects of desire, well known in ancient traditions, appears in Arabic literature from the 9th century onwards. Al-Ǧāḥiẓ’s Mufāḫarat al-ǧawārī wa-l-ġilmān (Boasting Match over Maids and Youths) is, at the earliest extant, the first text in prose dealing with this issue, and it opened the floor for several later works.
The author addresses this theme by means of the literary genre of the debate, in Arabic mufāḫara, in which the lover of girls (ṣāḥib al-ǧawārī) and the lover of boys (ṣāḥib al-ġilmān) present their arguments. In addition to the main debate, two other disputes occur in the text: one between the ancient poets (al-qudamāʾ) and the moderns (al-muḥdaṯūn), and the other between Basra and Kufa. The former is one of the main debates of the Abbasid literary criticism, and the latter is another literary topos in the early Abbasid period. We could even understand the Mufāḫara, therefore, as structured through not one but three mufāḫarāt.
The aim of this contribution is to highlight the importance of the “form” of the text – namely the literary dispute – by analyzing how the three debates interact within the text. I therefore argue that, although the theme addressed in the essay remains of a great interest today, the aim of the text is not only to discuss erotic practices but also to teach the reader a lesson of dialectic.
Historiographical Models for the Study of Anne Conway’s Principia
Authors: Rodríguez Teresa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article I analyze the different historiographical models that have contributed to the ‘interpretative heritage’ of Anne Conway. I argue that, due to the current state of scholarship on the history of women philosophers, the main mission of this scholarship is to increase the interpretative heritage of their works in general and of Anne Conway in particular. For this purpose, it is necessary to apply a pluralistic perspective regarding models. A pluralist perspective would argue that there are different historiographical models that apply to the study of the text and that each model, even the failed ones, increases the interpretative heritage. In this sense, I identify six main models used in the study of Conway’s Principia and propose that the sixth, the contextual/eclectic model, is more fundamental for the study of Anne Conway because it assists us in laying the foundations for other more restricted or specialized models.
A Worldly Kingdom of Heaven in T. C. Chao’s Early Theology
Authors: Zha Changping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the conception of an ideal world present in T.C. Chao’s (Tsu Chen Chao) (1888–1979) early theological works, based mainly on the text Jesus’ Philosophy of Life (or, A New Interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount, written in late 1925). It concludes by pointing out that Chao’s view of a kingdom of heaven that ultimately eradicates the otherworld and does not transcend this world unconsciously echoes the Anti-Christian Μovement within Chinese churches during the same period. This is, indeed, a tragedy in the development of T. C. Chao’s personal theological thought in the 1920s and 1930s.
الانتقال اللاهوتيّ في دوائر المستعربين الفكريّة في القرن الثاني عشر وعلاقاته المحتملة بالخلافات اللاتينيّة في القرن التاسع
Authors: مونفيرير-سالا خوان بيدرو 
Published: July 2024

المستخلص
‫تُتيح لنا الأعمال التي وصلتنا التعرّفَ إلى عالم المفكّرين المستعربين في القرنين الحادي عشر والثاني عشر، فضلًا عن علاقاتهم المحتملة مع أوساط أخرى في شبه الجزيرة الأيبيريّة والشرق المسيحيّ. ومع ذلك، لا نعرف اليوم إلّا القليل عن العلاقات بين المفكّرين المستعربين في القرون الثلاثة الأولى، أي من القرن الثامن وحتّى العاشر. ومن النصوص التي وصلتنا من القرن التاسع، الرسالة إلى أهل غلاطية، وترجمة سفر المزامير على يد حفص بن البرّ القوطيّ القرطبيّ. واستنادًا إلى هذين النصّين وغيرهما، يبدو أنّ الحياة الأدبيّة التي طوَّرها مفكّرون لاتينيّون-عرب ثنائيّو اللغة قد ازدهرت أبكر ممّا يتوقّعه الدارسون. يحاجج هذا المقال أنّ المفكّرين المسيحيّين المعرّبين كانوا مدينين لهذا الإرث اللاتينيّ ومؤلّفيه وأفكاره، ووظّفوه كثيرًا في إنتاجهم باللغة العربيّة مكيّفين أفكاره وتأثيراته، إلى جانب مصادر أخرى متنوّعة.‬
The Ports of the Eastern Red Sea Before Islam: A Historical and Cultural Study
Authors: Ghazi Shuʿayb Marwan bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on tracing the history of the ports in the eastern Red Sea since ancient times. It documents the history of the most important of these ports and the challenges in determining their locations. It also traces their impact on the Arabs’ dominance over the Red Sea during certain historical periods, and their role in civilizational contact with the northeastern region of the African continent. The study also shows the evolution of Arab maritime capabilities, from the use of leather ships to purchasing ready-made ships, until they reached the point of manufacturing their own ships. It highlights some aspects of civilizational and cultural communication between the western region of the Arabian Peninsula and the northeastern region of Africa.
No evidence that post-training dopamine D2 receptor agonism affects fear generalization in male rats
Authors: Schroyens Natalie , Vercammen Laura , Özcan Burcu , Ossorio Salazar Victoria Aurora , Zaman Jonas , De Bundel Dimitri , Beckers Tom , Luyten Laura 
Published: July 2024

Background: The neurotransmitter dopamine plays an important role in the processing of emotional memories, and prior research suggests that dopaminergic manipulations immediately after fear learning can affect the retention and generalization of acquired fear. Aims: The current study focuses specifically on the role of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) regarding fear generalization in adult, male Wistar rats, and aims to replicate previous findings in mice. Methods: In a series of five experiments, D2R (ant)agonists were injected systemically, immediately after differential cued fear conditioning (CS+ followed by shock, CS− without shock). All five experiments involved the administration of the D2R agonist quinpirole at different doses versus saline ( n = 12, 16, or 44 rats/group). In addition, one of the studies administered the D2R antagonist raclopride ( n = 12). One day later, freezing during the CS+ and CS− was assessed. Results: We found no indications for an effect of quinpirole or raclopride on fear generalization during this drug-free test. Importantly, and contradicting earlier research in mice, the evidence for the absence of an effect of D2R agonist quinpirole (1 mg/kg) on fear generalization was substantial according to Bayesian analyses and was observed in a highly powered experiment ( N = 87). We did find acute behavioral effects in line with the literature, for both quinpirole and raclopride in a locomotor activity test. Conclusion: In contrast with prior studies in mice, we have obtained evidence against a preventative effect of post-training D2R agonist quinpirole administration on subsequent fear generalization in rats.
Inhibitory effect of human interleukin-24 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Song Min , Yuan Hongtao , Zhang Jie , Wang Jing , Yu Jianhua , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to identify significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cervical cancer by exploring extensive gene expression datasets to unveil new therapeutic targets. Methods Gene expression profiles were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Genotype-Tissue Expression platforms. A differential expression analysis identified DEGs in cervical cancer cases. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was implemented to locate genes closely linked to the clinical traits of diseases. Machine learning algorithms, including LASSO regression and the random forest algorithm, were applied to pinpoint key genes. Results The investigation successfully isolated DEGs pertinent to cervical cancer. Interleukin-24 was recognized as a pivotal gene via WGCNA and machine learning techniques. Experimental validations demonstrated that human interleukin (hIL)-24 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis, in SiHa and HeLa cervical cancer cells, affirming its role as a therapeutic target. Conclusion The multi-database analysis strategy employed herein emphasized hIL-24 as a principal gene in cervical cancer pathogenesis. The findings suggest hIL-24 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy, offering a potential avenue for innovative treatment modalities. This study enhances the understanding of molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer and aids in the pursuit of novel oncological therapies.
Precranial artery calcification burden: a potential indicator of the clinical outcome of reperfusion in patients with acute large artery occlusion
Authors: Cai Xiaofeng , Zhou Dengfeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Zheyu , Fan Yongmei , Lin Longting , Geng Yu , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Zhu Chengcheng , Zhang Sheng 
Published: July 2024

Objective With mechanical thrombectomy (MT), we investigated the prognostic importance of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) and carotid sinus calcification (CaSC) for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and poor outcome in acute large artery occlusion (LAO). Methods In this retrospective observational study, we calculated pre-cranial artery calcification burden (PACB) scores (burden score of AoAC and CaSC) using the AoAC grading scale score plus Woodcock visual score. The outcome measure was sICH per the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III definition. A 3-month modified Rankin scale score 3–6 was designated as poor outcome. Results Compared with patients who had PACB <3, those with PACB ≥3 showed substantially higher risks of sICH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.567, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.187–5.550) and poor outcome (OR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.659–13.756). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, adding PACB to the regression model enhanced the predictive value for poor outcome (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.718 vs. 0.519, Z = 2.340) and in patients receiving MT (AUC: 0.714 vs. 0.584, Z = 2.021), independently. Conclusions Factors related to PACB were consistent with common risk factors of systemic atherosclerosis. Low PACB scores indicated better prognosis. In patients with LAO following MT, PACB was useful in predicting sICH and poor clinical outcome.
Ramadan fasting and rates of admissions for renal colic due to urolithiasis: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Lidawi Ghalib , Majdoub Muhammad , Asali Mohsin , Avidor Yoav , Rub Ronen 
Published: July 2024

Objective The impact of Ramadan fasting on the prevalence of renal colic (RC) remains controversial. This current study aimed to assess the correlation between Ramadan fasting, prevalence of RC and the rate of urgent endoscopic interventions due to urolithiasis. Methods This retrospective case–control study enrolled adult patients with a primary diagnosis of RC secondary to urolithiasis admitted to the emergency department during the years 2009–2019. The prevalence of RC and the rate of urgent urological interventions during Ramadan were compared with the pre- and post-Ramadan months in fasting Muslims and non-fasting non-Muslim patients. Results A total of 2781 patients with RC were included: 1014 (36.5%) were fasting Muslim and 1767 (63.5%) were non-fasting non-Muslim patients. No significant increase in RC admissions or urgent double J stent (DJS) insertions were observed between pre-Ramadan and Ramadan among fasting Muslims and non-fasting non-Muslim patients. However, fasting Muslims exhibited a significant increase of RC admissions post-Ramadan compared with Ramadan. Conclusions There was no correlation between increased RC admissions or urgent DJS insertions when fasting Muslims were compared with non-fasting non-Muslim patients during Ramadan. There were increased RC admissions during the post-Ramadan month, which might indicate a delayed effect of fasting on RC.
A Rare Case of Haemoperitoneum Secondary to Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in a Patient with AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Manjunath Jayalakshmi , Patil Pooja Chandrakant , Venkategowda Pradeep Marur , Sudarshan Rakshith Katikere 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Haemoperitoneum due to spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare condition. Methods: We present a case of AL-type amyloidosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) who is presented with diffuse abdominal pain. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed moderate to large amounts of free fluid in the peritoneum, indicating splenic rupture causing haemoperitoneum. Result: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy. After the operation, the patient was closely monitored in the ICU and was transferred to the ward on postoperative day 3. He was discharged home on day 6. Conclusion: This case report highlights a rare occurrence of haemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with AL amyloidosis.
“Me aviento el English y el Spanish”: Spanish-English code-switching in Texas conjunto artist Nick Villarreal
Authors: Loureiro-Rodríguez Verónica , Moyna María Irene 
Published: July 2024

Aims and objectives: This study focuses on Nick Villarreal (1951–2017), a bilingual and bicultural conjunto musician from San Antonio. It ascertains the frequency, formal features, and socio-pragmatic functions of the Spanish/English code-switching found in his songs. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative approaches are utilized to explore Nick Villarreal’s use of code-switching in song lyrics. Data and analysis: Nick Villarreal’s commercially available discography (178 non-repeated tracks) was classified by matrix language. All instances of code-switching were identified and classified by type, syntactic category, and function. Song themes were inductively analyzed. Findings: Most of Nick Villarreal’s lyrics are in Spanish (73%), while 22% contain code-switching. Lexical insertions are the most common type of switches (65%). Villarreal also employs other contact phenomena, such as fully nativized borrowings, and syntactic and semantic calques. His virtuosity is apparent in his humorous bilingualism, especially in the creative nominalizations of English clauses as nicknames (e.g., la I-didn’t-do-it). The main function performed by switches is poetic—that is, stylistic uses of language, such as rhyming, joking, and puns. He conveys authenticity through code-switching and other enregistered linguistic sources such as border slang, or caló, and working-class/rural Mexican Spanish. He shows loyalty toward a working-class rural Spanish-speaking audience of conjunto that shares his background, while simultaneously appealing to second-generation Mexican Americans through his use of English and references to Anglo culture. Originality: Only recently have scholars begun to describe the linguistic features of borderland styles. This study focuses on an artist who has never received scholarly attention before but who turned his music into a meaningful vehicle for linguistic and cultural anti-assimilatory subversion. Implications: Villarreal employs strategies common to other borderlands bilingual musicians while innovating creatively. He actively stylizes the local to evoke a sense of authenticity and is thus a meaningful example of the intersection between language representation, class allegiance, linguistic attitudes, and cultural stance.