bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of pressure in thermocatalytic processes in the sedimentary complex of the South Caspian basin
Authors: Feyzullayev A.A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The role of overpressures in thermochemical processes in the South Caspian basin is considered. The studies, which take the world experience into account, suggest that the South Caspian basin (mainly its deep-water part), as well as other basins with abnormally high fluid pressures, is characterized by retarded kerogen and oil cracking and reaction of clay-mineral transformation. These processes can be periodically intensified by the development of diapirs and mud volcanoes, which are centers of pulsed hydrocarbon discharge from the system. The conclusion is made that deeply buried deposits in basins with fluid overpressure are promising in terms of hydrocarbon pools.
On the Functions of International Courts: An Appraisal in Light of Their Burgeoning Public Authority
Authors: VON BOGDANDY ARMIN , VENZKE INGO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis contribution presents international judicial institutions as multifunctional actors against the background of a traditional understanding, which sees just one function: settling disputes. The traditional, one-dimensional understanding eclipses other important functions that many international courts do actually perform in contexts of global governance and it underrates problems in their legitimation. In order to appreciate international adjudications’ manifold contributions to social interaction, the paper first identifies three more functions beyond dispute settlement: the stabilization of normative expectations, law-making, and the control as well as legitimation of authority exercised by others. It then places these functions within broader basic understandings of international courts, which respectively picture them as instruments of the parties in a state-centred world order, as organs of a value-based international community, and as institutions of specific legal regimes. The distinct problems that each of these basic understanding faces lead to the contours of a new paradigm for the study of international courts as actors exercising public authority. The present functional analysis ultimately helps to refine both the phenomenon and normative questions.
A Cosmopolitan Liberal Account of International Criminal Law
Authors: ROBINSON DARRYL 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article, I argue that two prominent frameworks for evaluating and developing international criminal law (ICL) can be reconciled into a new framework that absorbs the best insights of its predecessors. We cannot simply transplant fundamental principles from national legal systems, because they may be inapposite in the unusual contexts faced by ICL. However, this novelty does not mean that we are free to simply abandon culpability, legality, and our basic underlying commitment to the individual. Instead we must explore what that deontic commitment might entail in these new contexts. My primary aim is to show the possibility of bridging the apparent normative impasse. I also briefly sketch out the proposed framework, and suggest that it can generate new questions for current controversies in ICL. As an interesting by-product, the examination of ‘abnormal’ criminal law can raise new questions for general criminal-law theory, by exposing subtleties and parameters that we might not have noticed in a study of ‘normal’ contexts.
Rights
Authors: Ivison Duncan 
Published: February 2013

The language of rights pervades modern social and political discourse, yet there is deep disagreement amongst citizens, politicians and philosophers about just what rights are. In this comprehensive and engaging introduction to rights, Duncan Ivison pays particular attention to their political character: the way arguments about rights are characterized by disagreement and conflict and by movement between the moral and the legal and the abstract and the practical. Ivison presents three basic ways of thinking about rights  as statuses, instruments and conduits  and, drawing on the history of political thought and contemporary political theory, explores the different ways these frameworks shape particular theories of rights. He uses some of the current debates over the threat of global terrorism to explore the nature of rights, especially those civil and political rights at the heart of liberal democracy. Various critiques of rights  Marxist, postmodernist and feminist  are examined and the book concludes by exploring what, exactly, we should want from a theory of human rights today and what role this theory should play in global politics. The book offers a distinctive integration of history and theory as applied to questions about the nature of rights today and is ideally suited for students taking courses on moral and political philosophy, political theory and the history of political thought.
Understanding Hegelianism
Authors: Sinnerbrink Robert 
Published: February 2013

Understanding Hegelianism explores the ways in which Hegelian and anti-Hegelian currents of thought have shaped some of the most significant movements in twentieth-century European philosophy, particularly the traditions of critical theory, existentialism, Marxism and poststructuralism. The first part of the book examines Kierkegaards existentialism and Marxs materialism, which present two defining poles of subsequent Hegelian and anti-Hegelian movements. The second part looks at the contrasting critiques of Hegel by Lukacs and Heidegger, which set the stage for the appropriation of Hegelian themes in German critical theory and the anti-Hegelian turn in French poststructuralism. The role of Hegelian themes in the work of Adorno, Habermas and Honneth are explored. In the third part, the rich tradition of Hegelianism in modern French philosophy is considered  the work of Wahl, Kojeve, Hyppolite, Lefebvre, Sartre, de Beauvoir as well as the radical critique of Hegelianism articulated by Derrida and Deleuze. Although the focus is primarily on German and French appropriations of Hegelian thought, the author also explores some of the recent developments in Anglophone Hegelianism.
Darwinian Creativity and Memetics
Authors: Kronfeldner Maria 
Published: February 2013

Maria Kronfeldner critically evaluates two influential approaches to cultural change that explain creativity and diffusion as an evolutionary process by drawing an analogy between the Darwinian approach to creativity and the theory of memes, or memetics. The Darwinian approach to creativity maintains that a process of blind variation and selection creates novelty in culture. Memetics goes further by claiming that we can ignore or even eliminate the human mind as the main causal force in the explanation of creativity and culture. In a penetrating analysis Kronfeldner shows analogical reasoning from evolutionary biology to cultural change lacks the necessary descriptive adequacy, explanatory force and heuristic value to be successful. Indeed she shows that both the Darwinian approach to creativity and memetics are mere reformulations, in Darwinian language, of what has been known already and offer no new explanatory tools. The book provides an acute philosophical examination of Darwinian creativity and memetics from within the respective evolutionary approaches including debates from genetics, evolutionary biology, psychology, anthropology, science studies and philosophy.
Badiou's Deleuze
Authors: Roffe Jon 
Published: February 2013

Badiou's Deleuze presents the first thorough analysis of one of the most significant encounters in contemporary thought: Alain Badiou's summary interpretation and rejection of the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. Badious reading of Deleuze is largely laid out in his provocative book, Deleuze: The Clamor of Being, a highly influential work of considerable power. Badious Deleuze presents a detailed examination of Badious reading and argues that, whilst it fails to do justice to the Deleuzean project, it invites us to reconsider what Deleuze's philosophy amounts to and to reassess Deleuzes power to address the ultimate concerns of philosophy. This book analyses the differing metaphysics of two of the most influential recent continental philosophers, whose divergent views have helped shape much contemporary thought.
Interleukin-10 controls the protective effects of circulating microparticles from patients with septic shock on tissue-engineered vascular media
Authors: Mostefai Hadj Ahmed , Bourget Jean-Michel , Meziani Ferhat , Martinez Maria Carmen , Leonetti Daniela , Mercat Alain , Asfar Pierre , Germain Lucie , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson 
Published: February 2013

During sepsis, inflammation can be orchestrated by the interaction between circulating and vascular cells that, under activation, release MPs (microparticles). Previously, we reported that increased circulating MPs in patients with sepsis play a pivotal role in ex vivo vascular function suggesting that they are protective against vascular hyporeactivity. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of MPs from patients with sepsis on the contractile response of TEVM (tissue-engineered vascular media). TEVM that were composed only of a media layer were produced by tissue engineering from human arterial SMCs (smooth muscle cells) isolated from umbilical cords. TEVM was incubated with MPs isolated from whole blood of 16 patients with sepsis. TEVM were incubated for 24 h with MPs and used for the study of vascular contraction, direct measurements of NO and O2− (superoxide anion) production by EPR and quantification of mRNA cytokine expression. MPs from patients with sepsis increased contraction induced by histamine in TEVM. This effect was not associated with inflammation, neither linked to the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway nor to the increase in iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression. In contrast, mRNA expression of IL (interleukin)-10 was enhanced. Then, we investigated the effect of IL-10 on vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Although IL-10 treatment did not modify the contractile response in TEVM by itself, this interleukin restored contraction in LPS-treated TEVM. In addition, IL-10 treatment both prevented vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS injection in mice and improved survival of LPS-injected mice. These findings show an association between the capacity of MPs from patients with sepsis to restore vascular hyporeactivity induced by LPS and their ability to increase IL-10 in the tissue-engineered blood vessel model.
In vivo quantitative proteomics of somatosensory cortical synapses shows which protein levels are modulated by sensory deprivation
Authors: Butko Margaret T. , Savas Jeffrey N. , Friedman Beth , Delahunty Claire , Ebner Ford , Yates John R. , Tsien Roger Y. 
Published: February 2013

SignificanceWe applied quantitative mass spectrometry to define how sensory experience alters the synaptic proteome in primary sensory cortex. Our results demonstrate that sensory deprivation reduced proteins implicated in spine enlargement and synaptic strength and increased protein-degradation machinery at synapses. Importantly, we identified novel synaptic proteins whose levels were affected by sensory deprivation but whose synaptic roles have not yet been characterized in mammalian neurons. Thus, this study provides a crucial starting point for numerous investigations of the molecular basis for synaptic modulation and demonstrates the feasibility of using this method to define synaptic proteomes under different sensory rearing conditions.
Phosphocholine-binding antibody activities are hierarchically encoded in the sequence of the heavy-chain variable region: dominance of self-association activity in the T15 idiotype
Authors: Srdiċ-Rajiċ Tatjana , Kekoviċ Goran , Davidoviċ Dragomir M. , Metlas Radmila 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA methodology based on the representation of each amino acid of a protein sequence by the electron-ion interaction potential and subsequent analysis by signal processing was used to determine the characteristic or common frequency (in Hz) that reflects the biological activity shared among phosphocholine (PC)-binding antibodies. The common frequency for the variable portion of the heavy chain (VH) of the PC-specific antibodies is found to be at f = 0.37 Hz. The VH sequences of the PC-binding antibodies exhibit three subsites for the PC moiety where hypervariable region 2 (CDR2) plays a role in the interaction with the phosphate group. Mutations in this VH region have an impact on the ability of mutant variants to bind PC and its carrier molecule, as well as on the characteristic frequency shift toward f = 0.12 Hz for mutants failing to bind both hapten and carrier. The VH sequence of mutants that retain the ability to bind PC still shows f = 0.37 Hz, suggesting that this frequency determines PC binding. However, this statement was not confirmed as mutation in another PC subsite impairs PC binding but retains both the phosphate-group recognition and the frequency at f = 0.37 Hz. Herein, this finding is discussed to promote the idea that the VH sequence of the PC-binding antibodies encodes the subsite for phosphate-group binding as a dominant functional activity and that only CDR2 of the T15-idiotype antibodies together with FR3 region form an autonomous self-association function represented by the T15VH50–73 peptide with f = 0.37±0.05 Hz. Thus, these data confirmed that T15VH50-73 peptide might be used in superantibody technology.
Unusual displacement of H i due to tidal interaction in Arp 181
Authors: Sengupta Chandreyee , Dwarakanath K. S. , Saikia D. J. , Scott T. C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We present results from Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H i 21 cm line observations of the interacting galaxy pair Arp 181 (NGC 3212 and NGC 3215) at z = 0.032. We find almost all of the detected H i (90 per cent) is displaced well beyond the optical discs of the pair with the highest density H i located ∼70 kpc west of the pair. An H i bridge extending between the optical pair and the bulk of H i together with their H i deficiencies provide strong evidence that the interaction between the pair has removed most of their H i to the current projected position. H i to the west of the pair has two approximately equal intensity peaks. The H i intensity maximum furthest to the west coincides with a small spiral companion SDSS J102726.32+794911.9 which shows enhanced mid-infrared (Spitzer), ultraviolet (UV; GALEX) and Hα emission indicating intense star-forming activity. The H i intensity maximum close to the Arp 181 pair, coincides with a diffuse optical cloud detected in UV (GALEX) at the end of the stellar and H i tidal tails originating at NGC 3212 and, previously proposed to be a tidal dwarf galaxy in formation. Future sensitive H i surveys by telescopes like Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder should prove to be powerful tools for identifying tidal dwarfs at moderate to large redshifts to explore in detail the evolution of dwarf galaxies in the Universe.
In vivo evidence suggesting reciprocal renal hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 upregulation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in response to hypoxic and non‐hypoxic stimuli
Authors: Nechemia‐Arbely Yael , Khamaisi Mogher , Rosenberger Christian , Koesters Robert , Shina Ahuva , Geva Carmit , Shriki Anat , Klaus Stephen , Rosen Seymour , Rose‐John Stefan , Galun Eithan , Axelrod Jonathan H , Heyman Samuel N 
Published: February 2013

Summary
In vitro studies suggest that combined activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) promotes the hypoxia response. However, their interrelationship in vivo remains poorly defined. The present study investigated the possible relationship between HIF‐1 upregulation and STAT3 activation in the rodent kidney in vivo.
Activation of HIF‐1 and STAT3 was analysed by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis in: (i) models of hypoxia‐associated kidney injury induced by radiocontrast media or rhabdomyolysis; (ii) following activation of STAT3 by the interleukin (IL)‐6–soluble IL‐6 receptor complex; or (iii) following HIF‐1α stabilization using hypoxic and non‐hypoxic stimuli (mimosine, FG‐4497, CO, CoCl2) and in targeted von Hippel‐Lindau‐knockout mice.
Western blot analysis and immunostaining revealed marked induction of both transcription factors under all conditions tested, suggesting that in vivo STAT3 can trigger HIF and vice versa.
Colocalization of HIF‐1α and phosphorylated STAT3 was detected in some, but not all, renal cell types, suggesting that in some cells a paracrine mechanism may be responsible for the reciprocal activation of the two transcription factors. Nevertheless, in several cell types spatial concordance was observed under the majority of conditions tested, suggesting that HIF‐1 and STAT3 may act as cotranscription factors.
These in vivo studies suggest that, in response to renal hypoxic‐stress, upregulation of HIF‐1 and activation of STAT3 may be both reciprocal and cell type dependent.
Behavioural disturbance requiring medical referral: A case of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis in the emergency department
Authors: Hegarty Cherie P , Mikli Jane E 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 17‐year‐old woman presented to the ED with behavioural disturbance and psychotic features. Brief dystonic jerks were noted so she was referred to the medical team. A diagnosis of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis was made. Immunotherapy was instituted early and the clinical outcome was excellent. It is important to consider this condition in young women presenting with acute behavioural or psychotic symptoms.
Diabetes mellitus in South Asia: Scientific evaluation of the research output (南亚糖尿病：要科学地评估研究成果)
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga , Jayawardena Ranil , Katulanda Prasad 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes in South Asia represents a different disease entity in terms of its onset, progression, and complications. In the present study, we systematically analyzed the medical research output on diabetes in South Asia.MethodsThe online SciVerse Scopus database was searched using the search terms “diabetes” and “diabetes mellitus” in the article Title, Abstract or Keywords fields, in conjunction with the names of each regional country in the Author Affiliation field.ResultsIn total, 8478 research articles were identified. Most were from India (85.1%) and Pakistan (9.6%) and the contribution to the global diabetes research output was 2.1%. Publications from South Asia increased markedly after 2007, with 58.7% of papers published between 2000 and 2010 being published after 2007. Most papers were Research Articles (75.9%) and Reviews (12.9%), with only 90 (1.1%) clinical trials. Publications predominantly appeared in local national journals. Indian authors and institutions had the most number of articles and the highest h‐index. There were 136 (1.6%) intraregional collaborative studies. Only 39 articles (0.46%) had >100 citations.ConclusionsRegional research output on diabetes mellitus is unsatisfactory, with only a minimal contribution to global diabetes research. Publications are not highly cited and only a few randomized controlled trials have been performed. In the coming decades, scientists in the region must collaborate and focus on practical and culturally acceptable interventional studies on diabetes mellitus.
Laryngeal morbidity after tracheal intubation: the Endoflex® tube compared to conventional endotracheal intubation with stylet
Authors: SØRENSEN M. K. , RASMUSSEN N. , KRISTENSEN M. S. , BØTTGER M. , FREDENSBORG B. B. , HANSEN C. M. , RASMUSSEN L. S. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundTracheal intubation may cause vocal fold damage. The trial was designed to assess laryngeal morbidity comparing the Endoflex® tube with a conventional endotracheal tube with stylet. We hypothesised that laryngeal morbidity within the first 24 h after extubation would be lower with the Endoflex tube than with the conventional endotracheal tube with stylet because of less rigidity.MethodsThis randomised trial included 130 elective surgical patients scheduled for general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Pre‐ and post‐operative assessment of hoarseness, vocal fold pathology, and voice analysis using the Multidimensional Voice Program was performed. Induction of anaesthesia was standardised. After complete neuromuscular paralysis, intubation was done with an Endoflex tube or a conventional endotracheal tube with stylet.ResultsPost‐operative hoarseness was found in 45% with the Endoflex tube and 55% with the endotracheal tube with stylet at 24 h after extubation (P = 0.44). Post‐operative vocal fold injury was present in 23% in the Endoflex tube group and in 36% in the endotracheal tube with stylet group (P = 0.13). The increase in shimmer, the voice analysis variable reflecting vocal fold oedema, was 0.5% in the Endoflex tube group and 2.5% in the endotracheal tube with stylet group (P = 0.02).ConclusionNo significant difference was found in the incidence of hoarseness or vocal fold injury using the Endoflex tube. However, the statistically significant lower increase in the shimmer values in that group implies that the Endoflex may be associated with less laryngeal morbidity.
Childhood Maltreatment Affects the Serotonergic System in Male Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals
Authors: Berglund Kristina J. , Balldin Jan , Berggren Ulf , Gerdner Arne , Fahlke Claudia 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundReduced central serotonergic neurotransmission has been demonstrated in individuals with excessive alcohol consumption and/or alcohol dependence. Childhood maltreatment has also been found to have a negative impact on central serotonergic neurotransmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of childhood maltreatment on central serotonergic dysfunction in alcohol‐dependent individuals.MethodsAdult men with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence (n = 18) were recruited from outpatient treatment units for alcoholism. Central serotonergic neurotransmission was assessed by a neuroendocrine method, that is, the prolactin (PRL) response to the selective 5‐HTreuptake inhibitor citalopram. Childhood maltreatment was assessed retrospectively by theChildhoodTraumaQuestionnaire.ResultsAlcohol‐dependent individuals with childhood experience of emotional abuse had significantly lowerPRLresponse compared with those without such abuse (3 ± 5 and 64 ± 24 mU/l, respectively;t = 6.51,p < 0.001). Among those who reported childhood emotional abuse, 4 of 7 individuals had flatPRLresponses in comparison with none in those with no report of such abuse (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that self‐reported childhood maltreatment, in particular emotional abuse, in male alcohol‐dependent individuals is associated with a quite dramatic (more than 90%) reduction in central serotonergic neurotransmission. It should, however, be noted that the number of individuals is relatively small, and the results should therefore be considered as preliminary.