bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study On The Metal Carbide Composite Diffusion Bonding For Mechanical Seal
Authors: Kim D.-K. , Shon I.-J. , Song J. , Ryu W.-J. , Shin H.-Ch. , Kwon E.-Y. , Shin H. , Kang S.-J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mechanical Seal use highly efficient alternative water having a great quantity of an aqueous solution and has an advantage no corrosion brine. Metal Carbide composites have been investigated as potential materials for high temperature structural applications and for application in the processing industry. The existing Mechanical seal material is a highly expensive carbide alloy, and it is difficult to take a price advantage. Therefore the study of replacing body area with inexpensive steel material excluding O-ring and contact area which demands high characteristics is needed.
The development of WC-Ni base carbide alloy optimal bonding composition technique was accomplished in this study. To check out the influence of bonding temperature and time, bonding characteristics of sintering temperature was experimented. The bonding statuses of this test specimen were excellent. The hardness of specimen and bonding rate were measured using ultrasound equipment.
In this work, Powder of WC (involved VC, Cr), Co and Mo2C mixed by attrition milling for 24hours. Nanostructured WC-27.6wt.%Ni-1.5wt.%Si-0.11wt.%VC-1.1wt.%B4C composite were fabricated at 1190°C by high temperature vacuum furnace. To check out the influence of bonding temperature and time, bonding characteristics of sintering temperature was experimented. Its relative density was about 99.7%. The mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness) were 87.2 HRA and 4.2 M·Pam1/2, respectively. The bonding status of this test specimen was excellent and the thickness of bonding layer was 20 ~30§ at 1050 and 1060°C bonding temperature.
Effect Of The Desorption-Recombination Temperature On The Microstructure And Magnetic Properties Of HDDR Processed Nd-Fe-B Powders
Authors: Lee J.-G. , Cha H.-R. , Liu S. , Yu J.-H. , Baek Y.-K. , Kwon H.-W. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effect of the desorption-recombination temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) processed Nd-Fe-B powders was studied. The NdxB6.4Ga0.3Nb0.2Febal (x=12.5-13.5, at.%) casting alloys were pulverized after homogenizing annealing, and then subjected to HDDR treatment. During the HDDR process, desorption-recombination (DR) reaction was induced at two different temperature, 810°C and 820°C. The higher Nd content resulted in enhanced coercivity of the HDDR powder, and which was attributed to the thicker and more uniform Nd-rich phase along grain boundaries. But this uniform Nd-rich phase induced faster grain growth. The remanence of the powder DR-treated at 820°C is higher than that DR-treated at 810°C. In addition, it was also confirmed that higher DR temperature is much more effective to improve squareness.
Aluminum Oxide Formation On Fecral Catalyst Support By Electro-Chemical Coating
Authors: Yang H.S. , Jang D.H. , Lee K.J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
FeCrAl is comprised essentially of Fe, Cr, Al and generally considered as metallic substrates for catalyst support because of its advantage in the high-temperature corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and ductility. Oxidation film and its adhesion on FeCrAl surface with aluminum are important for catalyst life. Therefore various appropriate surface treatments such as thermal oxidation, Sol, PVD, CVD has studied. In this research, PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) process was applied to form the aluminum oxide on FeCrAl surface, and the formed oxide particle according to process conditions such as electric energy and oxidation time were investigated. Microstructure and aluminum oxide particle on FeCrAl surface after PEO process was observed by FE-SEM and EDS with element mapping analysis. The study presents possibility of aluminum oxide formation by electro-chemical coating process without any pretreatment of FeCrAl.
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Al-WC Composites
Authors: Simon A. , Lipusz D. , Baumli P. , Balint P. , Kaptay G. , Gergely G. , Sfikas A. , Lekatou A. , Karantzalis A. , Gacsi Z. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The scope of the research work is the production and characterization of Al matrix composites reinforced with WC ceramic nanoparticles. The synthesis process was powder metallurgy. The produced composites were examined as far as their microstructure and mechanical properties (resistance to wear, micro/macrohardness). Intermetallic phases (Al12W and Al2Cu) were identified in the microstrucutre. Al4C3 was not detected in the composites. Adding more than 5 wt% WC to the aluminum, microhardness and wear resistance exceed the values of Al alloy. Composites having weak interface bond performed the highest wear rate.
Purification And Separation Of Rare Earth Elements From CCFL With Extraction Chromatography
Authors: Kim J.-G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, Amberite XAD-7HP was used as the solvent-impregnated resin to separate each REE from the standard solution, which was mixed with the REEs (e.g., La Eu, Tb, Y and Ba). About 100 ppm of each of the REEs was separated from DI water using extraction chromatography. REEs were separated by extraction chromatography using Amberite XAD-7HP resin, the changes in the pH values of the HCl and HClO4 were between 0.2 N and 5 N, and the extraction rate of the solution was between 0.5 and 3 ml/min. The La solution with the separated REEs was leached. The solid-state REEs were annealed between 1083K. The extraction result was analyzed with ICP-AES and an X-ray diffractometer. Each REE was successfully separated with HCl and HClO4 with pH values between 0.1 N and 3 N and with extraction rate between 1.0 m/min and 3.0 m/min.
Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Fabrication Using Casting And Hot Press Techniques
Authors: Park S.G. , Abdal-Hay A. , Lim J.K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Biodegradable advanced polymer composites have recently received a large amount of attention. The present study aimed to design poly(lactic acid) multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (PLA/MWCNTs) using a simple fabrication technique. A PLA sheet was first dissolved in dichloromethane, and MWCNTs were subsequently added at various concentrations (0.5, 1.5 and 5%) while applying shear strain stirring to achieve dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These solutions were then molded and a hot press was used to generate sheets free of voids with entrapped solvent. The prepared samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our data showed composite samples free of defects and voids, indicating that the hot press is capable of generating sufficiently compact polymer matrices. Additionally, TGA and FTIR showed significant bonding interactions between the PLA matrix and the nano-fillers. Collectively, our results suggest that incorporation of CNTs as nano-fillers into biodegradable polymers may have multiple applications in many different sectors.
Contacts Erosion Modelling Using Ansys Computer Software And Experimental Research
Authors: Borkowski P. , Sienicki A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a method of contacts’ erosion modelling by using computer simulation and analyzing heating, melting and evaporation processes, which cause contact erosion due to application of electric arc. Calculations have been conducted using professional ANSYS software which allows for thermal processes simulation and includes phase transitions for Ag, Cu, W metals and Ag-W50 composite.
Study On Nanohardness Of Phases Occurring In ZnAl22Cu3 And ZnAl40Cu3 Alloys
Authors: Michalik R. , Chmiela B. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Zn-Al alloys are mainly used due to their high tribological and damping properties. A very important issue is determination of the hardness of the phases present in the Zn-Al-Cu alloys. Unfortunately, in literature there is lack of studies on the hardness of the phases present in the alloys Zn-Al-Cu. The aim of this research was to determine the hardness of the phases present in the ZnAl22Cu3Si and ZnAl40Cu3Si alloys. The scope of the research included examination of the structure, chemical composition of selected micro-regions and hardness of phases present in the examined alloys. The research carried out has shown, that CuZn4 phase is characterized by a similar hardness as the hardness of the interdendritic areas. The phases present in the structure of ZnAl40Cu3 and ZnAl22Cu3 alloys after soaking at the temperature of 185 °C are characterized by lower hardness than the phase present in the structure of the as-cast alloys.
Effect Of The T6 Heat Treatment On Change Of Mechanical Properties Of The AlSi12CuNiMg Alloy Modified With Strontium
Authors: Pezda J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper presents test results concerning an effect of the heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic EN AC-AlSi12CuNiMg (EN AC-48000) alloy according to the EN 1706:2010 (tensile strength –Rm, hardness –HB10/1000/30) modified with strontium. Solution heat treatment and ageing treatment temperature ranges were selected on base of heating (melting) curves recorded with use of the ATD method. Temperatures of the solution heat treatment were 500, 520, and 535°C ±5°C, while the solution time ranged from 0.5 to 3 h (0.5; 1.5 and 3 h). Temperature of the solution heat treatment amounted to 180, 235 and 310°C, while the ageing time ranged from 2 to 8 h (2, 5 and 8 h).Obtained results have enabled determination of optimal parameters of the T6 heat treatment in aspect of improvement of tensile strengthRmand hardnessHBof the alloy, with reduced time of individual treatments and determination of mathematical relationships enabling prediction of these mechanical properties.
Nitrogen And Oxygen Amount In Weld After Welding With Micro-Jet Cooling
Authors: Węgrzyn T. , Piwnik J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicro-jet cooling after welding was tested only for MIG welding process with argon, helium and nitrogen as a shielded gases. A paper presents a piece of information about nitrogen and oxygen in weld after micro-jet cooling. There are put down information about gases that could be chosen both for MIG/MAG welding and for micro-jet process. There were given main information about influence of various micro-jet gases on metallographic structure of steel welds. Mechanical properties of weld was presented in terms of nitrogen and oxygen amount in WMD (weld metal deposit).
Influence Of Cooling Rate On Phase Composition And Magnetic Properties Of Sm12.5Co66.5Fe8Cu11Si2 Alloy In The Form Of Ribbon In As-Quenched State
Authors: Dośpiał M. , Nabiałek M. , Błoch K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The fabrication method and magnetic properties of Sm12.5Co66.5Fe8Cu11Si2 alloy are presented in this article. The samples were produced by rapid quenching of the liquid alloy onto a rotating, copper wheel (the so-called ‘melt-spinning’ method) and they had a thin ribbon shape. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by measurements of diffraction patterns for powdered samples, in order to obtain data from the entire volume of the sample. It was found, that samples were composed of different amounts of Sm2Co17, SmCo5 and SmCo7 phases, depending on the linear velocity of the copper wheel used during the fabrication process. The magnetic measurements were performed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (LakeShore VSM) working with an external magnetic field of up to 2 T. It was found that the obtained ribbons displayed relatively good hard magnetic properties, such as remanence μ0MR, and high resistance to demagnetization fields JHC.
The Optimization And Diagnostics Of Combustion Process With Numerical Modelling Application
Authors: Zajemska M. , Radomiak H. , Poskart A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The progressing development of industry and the associated rising environmental pollution create the need for the intensification of combustion processes and the implementation of increasingly stringent environmental protection standards. Therefore, an intensive progress in scientific and research work that is lately observed and studies with the use of numerical methods, are becoming an indispensable element of experimental research. This allows for: optimization of combustion processes, development of new designs of burners and technologies of low-emission combustion, as well as prediction of ecological effects. This article presents the possibilities of numerical modelling in combustion processes in heat furnaces. The chemistry of the combustion process was modelled in CHEMKIN software, while the dynamics of flue gas flow in the combustion chamber was modelled with the use of FLUENT software. Numerical computations were performed for both, the experimental chamber and the real objects, i.e. a pusher furnace and a sheet hardening furnace. The results of obtained measurements and numerical calculations clearly show that the use of hot air affects the growth of emissions, in particular NOx. Furthermore, it has also been proved that the design and the appropriate location of the lance supplying the secondary air result in the reduction of emissions of nitrogen oxides.
High-Temperatures Rheometric Analysis Of Selected Heterogeneous Slag Systems
Authors: Migas P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
It is known that the dynamic viscosity coefficient of slag – with an increased titanium compounds content in the reducing conditions of the blast furnace - may rapidly change. The products of the reduction reaction, precipitation and separation of titanium compounds are responsible for the thickening effect of the slag and the problems of permeability of blast furnace, causing anomalies in the dipping zone. The presence of solid components (particles) in the melts determines the rheological character of the entire system. Identifying the rheological character of semi-solid slag systems provides opportunities for the development of mathematical modeling of liquid phase flows in a dripping zone of the blast furnace, allowing e.g to indentify the unstable parts of a metallurgical aggregate.
Author have performed study of synthetic aluminosilicates slag concentration of TiO2 in the range up to 30%, systems were doped solids TiN also, it was made in order to assess the impact of the type forming areas/units of the SRO nature on the rheological identification mentioned systems. The high-temp rheometric measurements were performed at temperatures in the range between 1310-1490°C. The obtained results made it possible to carry out the rheological characteristics of analyzed liquid and semi-solid slag systems.
The Use Of Multifrequency Induction Heating For Temperature Distribution Control
Authors: Smalcerz A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper presents possibilities of controlling temperature field distribution in inductively heated charge. The change of its distribution was obtained using the sequential one-, two-, and three-frequency heating. The study was conducted as a multi-variant computer simulation of hard coupled electromagnetic and temperature fields. For the analysis, a professional calculation software package utilizing the finite element method, Flux 3D, was used. The problem of obtaining an appropriate temperature distribution in the heated charge of a complex shape is very important in many practical applications. A typical example is hardening of gear wheels. For such an application, it is necessary to obtain (on the surface and at a desired depth) an uniform temperature distribution on the tooth face, top land and bottom land of the gear. The obtained temperature should have proper distribution and value. Such a distribution is very difficult to achieve.
The Study Of The Impact Of Surface Preparation Methods Of Inconel 625 And 718 Nickel-Base Alloys On Wettability By BNi-2 And BNi-3 Brazing Filler Metals
Authors: Lankiewicz K. , Baranowski M. , Babul T. , Kowalski S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the impact of surface preparation method of Inconel 625 and 718 nickel-base alloys in the form of sheets on wettability of the surface. The results of the investigations of surface preparation method (such as nicro-blasting, nickel plating, etching, degreasing, abrasive blasting with grit 120 and 220 and manually grinding with grit 120 and 240) on spreading of BNi-2 and BNi-3 brazing filler metals, widely used in the aerospace industry in high temperature vacuum brazing processes, are presented. Technological parameters of vacuum brazing process are shown. The macro- and microscopic analysis have shown that nicro-blasting does not bring any benefits of wettability of the alloys investigated.
Nitrogen Availability Of Nitriding Atmosphere In Controlled Gas Nitriding Processes
Authors: Michalski J. , Burdyński K. , Wach P. , Łataś Z. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Parameters which characterize the nitriding atmosphere in the gas nitriding process of steel are: the nitriding potential KN, ammonia dissociation rate α and nitrogen availabilitymN2. The article discusses the possibilities of utilization of the nitriding atmosphere’s nitrogen availability in the design of gas nitriding processes of alloyed steels in atmospheres derived from raw ammonia, raw ammonia diluted with pre-dissociated ammonia, with nitrogen, as well as with both nitrogen and pre-dissociated ammonia. The nitriding processes were accomplished in four series. The parameters selected in the particular processes were: process temperature (T), time (t), value of nitriding potential (KN), corresponding to known dissociation rate of the ammonia which dissociates during the nitriding process (α). Variable parameters were: nitrogen availability (mN2), composition of the ingoing atmosphere and flow rate of the ingoing atmosphere (FIn).
Microstructure And Properties Of WC-Co HVAF Coatings Obtained From Standard, Superfine And Modified By Sub-Micrometric Carbide Powders
Authors: Myalska H. , Szymański K. , Moskal G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, microstructure and some properties of various coatings based on WC-Co obtained by the High Velocity Air Fuel technique are discussed. Initially, two WC-Co 83-17 powders of standard and superfine size were examined as a feedstock for a coatings deposition on a steel substrate. A standard Amperit 526.074 powder and an Inframat superfine powder were applied. Then three different sub-micrometric powders, WC, Cr3C2 and TiC were applied to modify the microstructure of WC-Co (Amperit 526.074). The aim of the investigations was to compare the microstructure and basic properties of coatings deposited from different components. The influence of sub-micrometric additions on mechanical properties of basic coatings was analyzed. Microstructure characterization of powders by using SEM and characterization of their technological properties as well, are presented. For all manufactured coatings obtained by a High Velocity Air Fuel method, the microhardness, porosity, adhesion to a substrate, and fracture toughness were determined. An improvement in WC-Co coating properties, as a result of sub-micrometric carbides addition, was revealed.
Estimation Of Cooling Rates In Suction Casting And Copper-Mould Casting Processes
Authors: Kozieł T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The cooling rates associated with suction and copper-mould casting of ø2, ø3 and ø5 mm rods made in Fe-25wt%Ni and Al-33wt%Cu alloys were determined based on their cellular and lamellar spacings, respectively. The work showed that the temperature profile in cylindrical samples can not be determined merely by microstructural examination of eutectic sample alloys. A concave solidification front, as a result of eutectic transformation, caused decrease of a lamellar spacing while approaching to the rod centre. The minimum axial cooling rates, estimated based on the cellular spacing in the Fe-25wt%Ni alloy, were evaluated to be about 200 K/s for both ø2 and ø3 mm and only 30 K/s for the ø5 mm suction cast rods. The corresponding values were slightly lower for the copper-mould cast rods.
Sinteraustempering Of Two Mo-(Cu)-(Cr)-(Ni)-(Mn)-C Steels In A Semi-Closed Container In Flowing Nitrogen
Authors: Fiał Ch. , Dudrova E. , Kabatova M. , Kupkova M. , Selecka M. , Sułowski M. , Ciaś A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three types of heat treatment, sinteraustempering in 500°C, 400°C and 350°C; sinterhardening and sintering with cooling at the rate 10K/min) as the final operation, on steels sintered semi-closed container were investigated. Results of mechanical properties, microstructure investigations and fracture and EDX analyses are reported. The study involved two PM steels: DH-1 (Fe-2%Cu-1.5%Mo-0.5%C) and 34HNM (Fe-0.2%Mo-0.8%Mn-1.5%Cr-1.5Ni-0.4%C). Prealloyed Höganäs DH (Direct Hardening) iron powder and graphite powder (grade C-UF) were used to produce DH-1 steel. Prealloyed Astaloy CrL iron powder, low carbon ferromanganese, elemental nickel and graphite grade C-UF powder were the starting powders of 34HNM steel. Pressing was in rigid dies at 660MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. After compaction, green compacts were sintered in a specially designed semi-closed container at 1120°C for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. The chemical composition of the sintering atmosphere was modified by adding ferromanganese and/or activator into the container.
All specimens were tested for tensile strength (UTS), elongation (A), yield offset strength (R0,2), TRS, apparent surface and cross section hardness (HV 30). The best combination of strength and plasticity for both steels was achieved after sinteraustempering at 500°C. The results show that, using the specially designed semi-closed container, sinteraustempering in N2 atmosphere offers the same or even better mechanical properties in comparison with sinteraustempering in vacuum. It means that sinteraustempering in N2 atmosphere is a very interesting process in terms of cost in comparison with vacuum sinteraustempering.
Numerical And Experimental Analysis Of Fracture Of Athrombogenic Coatings Deposited On Ventricular Assist Device In Micro-Shear Test
Authors: Kopernik M. , Milenin A. , Kąc S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Polish left ventricular assist device (LVAD – RELIGA_EXT) will be made of thermoplastic polycarbonate-urethane (Bionate II) with deposited athrombogenic nano-coatings: gold (Au) and titanium nitride (TiN). Referring to the physical model, the two-scale model of LVAD developed in the previous works in the authors’ finite element code is composed of a macro-model of blood chamber and a micro-model of wall: TiN, Au and Bionate II. The numerical analysis of stress and strain states confirmed the possibility of fracture based on localization of zones of the biggest values of triaxiality factor. The introduction of Au interlayer between TiN and polymer improved the toughness of the connection, and increased the compressive residual stress in the coating what resulted in reduction of stress and strain close to the boundary between substrate and coating.
However, the proper design of multilayer wall of the medical device requires the introduction of the real stress and strain states in the deposited coatings. The characteristics of TiN nano-coating such as residual stress, material model and fracture model were determined in the previously completed studies such as experimental and numercial nanoindentation tests, profilometry studies and in situ SEM’s micro-tension tests.
The experimental in situ SEM’s micro-shear test was performed in the present paper and the corresponding numerical model of the test was also developed, and then, interpreted. The critical strains taken from experiment and considered as the effective strains in the model of test are the values which are the function of triaxiality factors for the tested samples. The developed in the authors’ FE code model of multilayer wall of VAD enriched with critical strain determined in the present paper enables prediction of fracture.