bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoids for Cancer Research: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Xin Miaomaio , Li Qian , Wang Dongyang , Wang Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs 3D culture technology advances, new avenues have opened for the development of physiological human cancer models. These preclinical models provide efficient ways to translate basic cancer research into clinical tumor therapies. Recently, cancer organoids have emerged as a model to dissect the more complex tumor microenvironment. Incorporating cancer organoids into preclinical programs have the potential to increase the success rate of oncology drug development and recapitulate the most efficacious treatment regimens for cancer patients. In this review, four main types of cancer organoids are introduced, their applications, advantages, limitations, and prospects are discussed, as well as the recent application of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) in exploring cancer organoids to advance this field.
Dielectric Elastomer Network with Large Side Groups Achieves Large Electroactive Deformation for Soft Robotic Grippers
Authors: Dou Xiaorong , Chen Zheqi , Ren Fuhao , He Lijun , Chen Jianxiong , Yin Li‐Juan , Luo Yingwu , Dang Zhi‐Min , Mao Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) face an acknowledged challenge: On the one hand, the majority of elastomers only achieve small electroactive deformation (<20%) in the absence of prestretch; on the other hand, rare elastomers capable of showing large electroactive deformation require relatively complicated processing and chemistry. This work addresses this challenge by fabricating an elastomer with a network of large side groups, which achieves a very large electroactive deformation (218%) without pre‐stretch. This elastomer can be rapidly and massively fabricated within a few min, by polymerizing a commercial monomer with a large alkyl side group. The large side groups in the polymer network repel each other and extend the load‐bearing strands, which results in a pronounced strain‐hardening behavior. This behavior helps the elastomer to get rid of electromechanical instability during actuation and hence to exhibit a large electro‐active deformation, a high energy density (>> human muscle), and a large output force (≈500 times self‐weight). the elastomer capable of manufacturing a soft electroactive gripper is demonstrated with large deformation, large force, and rapid response, which enables grasping fragile objects of various complex shapes in an agile away.
Highly Stretchable Thermoelectric Fiber with Embedded Copper(I) Iodide Nanoparticles for a Multimodal Temperature, Strain, and Pressure Sensor in Wearable Electronics
Authors: Yoon Kukro , Lee Sanghyeon , Kwon Chaebeen , Won Chihyeong , Cho Sungjoon , Lee Seungmin , Lee Minkyu , Lee Jinhan , Lee Hyeokjun , Jang Kyung‐In , Kim Byeonggwan , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) fibers have excellent potential for multimodal sensor, which can detect mechanical and thermal stimuli, used in advanced wearable electronics for personalized healthcare system. However, previously reported TE fibers have limitations for use in wearable multimodal sensors due to the following reasons: 1) TE fibers composed of carbon or organic materials have low TE performance to detect thermal variations effectively; 2) TE fibers composed of rigid inorganic materials are not stretchable, limiting their ability to detect mechanical deformation. Herein, the first stretchable TE fiber‐based multimodal sensor is developed using copper(I) iodide (CuI), an inorganic TE material, through a novel fabrication method. The dense CuI nanoparticle networks embedded in the fiber allow the sensor to achieve excellent stretchability (maximum tensile strain of ≈835%) and superior TE performance (Seebeck coefficient of ≈203.6 µV K−1) simultaneously. The sensor exhibits remarkable performances in strain sensing (gauge factor of ≈3.89 with tensile strain range of ≈200%) and pressure sensing (pressure resolution of ≈250 Pa with pressure range of ≈84 kPa). Additionally, the sensor enables independent and simultaneous temperature change, tensile strain, and pressure sensing by measuring distinct parameters. It is seamlessly integrated into a smart glove, demonstrating its practical application in wearable technology.
Ultralong Blue Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Promoted by Green Assembly
Authors: Chen Zhong‐Yuan , Chen Zhaojun , Zhu Yu‐Qi , Zhuo Ming‐Zhi , Yang Guang‐Yao , Wang Xing‐Huo , Wu Ming‐Xue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there is a growing interest in developing ultralong organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (ORTP) with lifetimes in the range of seconds. As one of the important three primary colors, ultralong blue ORTP is an indispensable core component in RTP regulation and application, however, the large Stokes shift characteristics pose certain challenges in developing ultralong blue ORTP. Here, a new family of blue phosphors are synthesized and ultralong blue ORTP are realized through crystal assembly in water and organic phase. Remarkably, compared to crystal materials obtained in organic phases, assembly materials obtained in water enabled long‐lived blue ORTP with lifetimes up to 2.3 s and phosphorescence quantum yield reached as high as 29.27%. In addition to the efficient and green assembly form, such dark blue ORTP materials possessed high thermal stability and flexible tunability. Moreover, the superiority of the selected assembly components is demonstrated by comparing them with polymer assembly and the proposed blue ORTP materials show great potential in an organic programmable information encryption/anti‐counterfeiting.
Paravertebrally‐Injected Multifunctional Hydrogel for Sustained Anti‐Inflammation and Pain Relief in Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Deng Wenhao , Chen Jianpeng , Wang Xinli , Wang Qianliang , Zhao Lei , Zhu Yuzheng , Yan Jun , Zheng Yiran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPain caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) severely compromises patients’ quality of life. The combination of steroid and local anesthetics is routinely employed in clinics to alleviate LDH‐induced pain. However, the approach only mediates transient efficacy and requires repeated and invasive lumbar epidural injections. Here a paravertebrally‐injected multifunctional hydrogel that can efficiently co‐load and controlled release glucocorticoid betamethasone and anesthetics ropivacaine for sustained anti‐inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐removal and pain relief in LDH is presented. Betamethasone is conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) via ROS‐responsive crosslinker to form amphiphilic polymer that self‐assemble into particles with ropivacaine loaded into the core. Solution of drug‐loaded particles and thermo‐sensitive polymer rapidly forms therapeutic hydrogel in situ upon injection next to the herniated disc, thus avoiding invasive epidural injection. In a rat model of LDH, multifunctional hydrogel maintains the local drug concentration 72 times longer than free drugs and more effectively inhibits the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pain‐related molecules including cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Therapeutic hydrogel suppresses the LDH‐induced pain in rats for 12 days while the equivalent dose of free drugs is only effective for 3 days. This platform is also applicable to ameliorate pain caused by other spine‐related diseases.
A General Strategy for Enhanced Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy with Perylenequinonoid Photosensitizers Using a Macrocyclic Supramolecular Carrier
Authors: Gao Zekun , Zheng Xiuli , Dong Xiangyu , Liu Weimin , Sha Jie , Bian Shuaishuai , Li Jian , Cong Huan , Lee Chun‐Sing , Wang Pengfei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerylenequinonoid natural products are a class of photosensitizers (PSs) that exhibit high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and excellent activity for Type I/Type II dual photodynamic therapy. However, their limited activity against gram‐negative bacteria and poor water solubility significantly restrict their potential in broad‐spectrum photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT). Herein, a general approach to overcome the limitations of perylenequinonoid photosensitizers (PQPSs) in PDAT by utilizing a macrocyclic supramolecular carrier is presented. Specifically, AnBox·4Cl, a water‐soluble cationic cyclophane, is identified as a universal macrocyclic host for PQPSs such as elsinochrome C, hypocrellin A, hypocrellin B, and hypericin, forming 1:1 host–guest complexes with high binding constants (≈107 m
−1) in aqueous solutions. Each AnBox·4Cl molecule carries four positive charges that promote strong binding with the membrane of gram‐negative bacteria. As a result, the AnBox·4Cl‐PQPS complexes can effectively anchor on the surfaces of gram‐negative bacteria, while the PQPSs alone cannot. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that these supramolecular PSs have excellent water solubility and high ROS generation, with broad‐spectrum PDAT effect against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. This work paves a new path to enhance PDAT by showcasing an efficient approach to improve PQPSs’ water solubility and killing efficacy for gram‐negative bacteria.
A Soldering Flux Tackles Complex Defects Chemistry in Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Wentao , Chen Yihua , Li Nengxu , Huang Zijian , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhongyang , Guo Zhenyu , Yin Ruiyang , Ma Yue , Pei Fengtao , Xie Haipeng , Zai Huachao , Wang Lina , Qiu Zhiwen , Chen Qi , Zhou Huanping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) narrow‐bandgap perovskites is crucial for the deployment of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells, which can help to exceed the limits of single‐junction photovoltaics. However, the Sn‐Pb perovskite suffers from a large number of bulk traps and interfacial nonradiative recombination centers, with unsatisfactory open‐circuit voltage and the consequent device efficiency. Herein, for the first time, it is shown that abietic acid (AA), a commonly used flux for metal soldering, effectively tackles complex defects chemistry in Sn‐Pb perovskites. The conjugated double bond within AA molecule plays a key role for self‐elimination of Sn4+‐Pb0 defects pair, via a redox process. In addition, C═O group is able to coordinate with Sn2+, leading to the improved antioxidative stability of Sn‐Pb perovskites. Consequently, a ten‐times longer carrier lifetime is observed, and the defects‐associated dual‐peak emission feature at low temperature is significantly inhibited. The resultant device achieves a power conversion efficiency improvement from 22.28% (Ref) to 23.42% with respectable stability under operational and illumination situations.
Scanning‐Laser‐Based Microstereolithography of Microfluidic Chips with Micron Resolution
Authors: Rein Christof , Kamranikia Keynaz , Council Raymonde , Pezeshkpour Pegah , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik , Rapp Bastian E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe constant improvement of stereolithography (SL) in terms of achievable resolution and printing time has sparked high expectations that SL will enable the rapid prototyping of truly microfluidic chips with features below 100 µm. However, most commercial high‐resolution stereolithography devices are based on Digital Light Processing (DLP) and thus sacrifice lateral printing size for resolution. Consequently, even 10 years after the advent of microstereolithography there is no commercialized 3D printing system that can effectively fulfill all the demands to replace soft lithography for microfluidic prototyping. In this work, for the first time, This study demonstrates that a commercial laser‐based stereolithography device is capable of manufacturing microfluidic chips with embedded channels smaller than 100 µm with a footprint of 7.24 × 0.3 cm2. A chip fabricated in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) that can readily be used for fluid mixing, is presented in this study. This research shows that the accessibility of high‐resolution chips with footprints of several cm2, using laser‐based stereolithography, enables the manufacturing of truly microfluidic systems with high impact on prototyping and manufacturing.
A Review on 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutical Engineering and Tissue Engineering: Applications, Trends and Challenges
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Yurui , Wang Rui , Wang Qiaoli , Wen Min , Wang Jian , Sheng Liyuan , Zheng Yufeng , Xi Tingfei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a 3D rapid prototyping technology, 3D printing (3DP) technology has been widely applied in medical research, fabricating various medical devices or implants. With the development of biomaterials and cell‐related technologies, 3DP, especially bioprinting technology, is quietly bringing great changes and opportunities in the medical industry. Beyond surgical models, medical devices, and implants, traditional 3DP, cell‐based 3D bioprinting, and emerging 4D printing (4DP) have significantly aided in the advancement and manufacture of pharmaceuticals and biological alternatives for tissue engineering. It is envisioned that future healthcare systems, based on evolving 3DP technology and precision medicine, will deliver customized solutions that cater to the unique differences and needs of each patient. In this review work, several mainstream 3D bioprinting technologies are presented, with a focus on recent advances in 3DP for pharmaceutical engineering and important tissue engineering, including vascular and bone tissue engineering. Challenges and future prospects of 3DP for drug discovery, drug delivery systems, artificial blood vessels, vascular and bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and practical applications are also covered. Finally, the differences between 3DP and 4DP, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different stimulus response mechanisms in 4DP and their potential applications are summarized.
Anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a Antibody Exacerbates Cardiac Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Mice By Promoting Ccl5‐Neutrophil Infiltration
Authors: Wu Ming‐Ming , Yang Yan‐Chao , Cai Yong‐Xu , Jiang Shuai , Xiao Han , Miao Chang , Jin Xi‐Yun , Sun Yu , Bi Xin , Hong Zi , Zhu Di , Yu Miao , Mao Jian‐Jun , Yu Chang‐Jiang , Liang Chen , Tang Liang‐Liang , Wang Qiu‐Shi , Shao Qun , Jiang Qing‐Hua , Pan Zhen‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Ren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe risk for suffering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)‐associated myocarditis increases in patients with pre‐existing conditions and the mechanisms remain to be clarified. Spatial transcriptomics, single‐cell RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry are used to decipher how anti‐cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 m2a antibody (anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a antibody) aggravated cardiac injury in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mice. It is found that anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a antibody increases cardiac fibroblast‐derived C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1), which promots neutrophil infiltration to the myocarditic zones (MZs) of EAM mice via enhanced Cxcl1‐Cxcr2 chemotaxis. It is identified that the C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 (Ccl5)‐neutrophil subpopulation is responsible for high activity of cytokine production, adaptive immune response, NF‐κB signaling, and cellular response to interferon‐gamma and that the Ccl5‐neutrophil subpopulation and its‐associated proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines promoted macrophage (Mφ) polarization to M1 Mφ. These altered infiltrating landscape and phenotypic switch of immune cells, and proinflammatory factors synergistically aggravated anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a antibody‐induced cardiac injury in EAM mice. Neutralizing neutrophils, Cxcl1, and applying Cxcr2 antagonist dramatically alleviates anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a antibody‐induced leukocyte infiltration, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction. It is suggested that Ccl5‐neutrophil subpopulation plays a critical role in aggravating anti‐CTLA‐4 m2a antibody‐induced cardiac injury in EAM mice. This data may provide a strategic rational for preventing/curing ICIs‐associated myocarditis.
Automatic Clinical Assessment of Swallowing Behavior and Diagnosis of Silent Aspiration Using Wireless Multimodal Wearable Electronics
Authors: Shin Beomjune , Lee Sung Hoon , Kwon Kangkyu , Lee Yoon Jae , Crispe Nikita , Ahn So‐Young , Shelly Sandeep , Sundholm Nathaniel , Tkaczuk Andrew , Yeo Min‐Kyung , Choo Hyojung J. , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDysphagia is more common in conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and head and neck cancer. This can lead to pneumonia, choking, malnutrition, and dehydration. Currently, the diagnostic gold standard uses radiologic imaging, the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS); however, it is expensive and necessitates specialized facilities and trained personnel. Although several devices attempt to address the limitations, none offer the clinical‐grade quality and accuracy of the VFSS. Here, this study reports a wireless multimodal wearable system with machine learning for automatic, accurate clinical assessment of swallowing behavior and diagnosis of silent aspirations from dysphagia patients. The device includes a kirigami‐structured electrode that suppresses changes in skin contact impedance caused by movements and a microphone with a gel layer that effectively blocks external noise for measuring high‐quality electromyograms and swallowing sounds. The deep learning algorithm offers the classification of swallowing patterns while diagnosing silent aspirations, with an accuracy of 89.47%. The demonstration with post‐stroke patients captures the system's significance in measuring multiple physiological signals in real‐time for detecting swallowing disorders, validated by comparing them with the VFSS. The multimodal electronics can ensure a promising future for dysphagia healthcare and rehabilitation therapy, providing an accurate, non‐invasive alternative for monitoring swallowing and aspiration events.
Mass transfer of gas–liquid two‐phase flow in asymmetric parallel microchannels with liquid feed splitting
Authors: Huang Zien , Xiang Xingyu , Jiang Bin , Zhu Chunying , Cui Xianbao , Ma Youguang , Fu Taotao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to size limitations, the gas–liquid absorption capacity of a single microchannel is limited, making it difficult to achieve large‐scale CO2 capture. Therefore, the parallel microchannels combining the advantages of high efficiency and large throughput stand out. However, when the operating condition is high gas–liquid flow rate ratio, the liquid phase between bubbles almost disappears after multiple distributions, which affects the amount of gas–liquid absorption. In this study, the numbering‐up of the asymmetric parallel microchannels in the gas–liquid absorption process was investigated by splitting the liquid feed stream in two. The flow patterns under different operating conditions were obtained. The flow and distribution of gas–liquid two‐phase flow were investigated, and the reason of the distribution deterioration caused by appearance of long slug bubbles was explained by the pressure drop distribution. The total liquid mass transfer coefficient and bubble residence time were derived and obtained, and the mass transfer was further discussed.
Phenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid as Polysaccharide Carriers for Diol‐Containing Drugs Delivery
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Hui , Tian Ye , Wang Bo , Cheng Xin‐He , Wang Jie , Xin Siqintana , Sheng Xianliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPackaging hydrophobic drugs into polysaccharide carriers can improve their aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, tumor‐specific accumulation, and therapeutic effect. In this work, phenylboronic acid (PBA) was anchored onto the chain of biocompatible polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) by an amide condensation reaction, which could be used to fabricate stimuli‐responsive targeted drug delivery systems. A series of pH‐responsive conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles composed of a hydrophobic drug core and hydrophilic hyaluronic acid shell were prepared by the boronate‐crosslink of the PBA with diol‐containing anticancer drugs such as capecitabine (CAPE) and aloin (Al). Satisfactory targeted drug release behavior at acidic pH, lower cytotoxicity, and higher anticancer effect were realized by using this polysaccharide carrier. It is believed that this strategy has great potential for polysaccharide modification and anticancer‐associated applications.
Heterozygous Variants in KCNJ10 Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia Via Haploinsufficiency
Authors: Li Yun‐Lu , Lin Jingjing , Huang Xuejing , Zeng Rui‐Huang , Zhang Guangyu , Xu Jie‐Ni , Lin Kai‐Jun , Chen Xin‐Shuo , He Ming‐Feng , Qiao Jing‐Da , Cheng Xuewen , Zhu Dengna , Xiong Zhi‐Qi , Chen Wan‐Jin 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveMost paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) cases are hereditary, yet approximately 60% of patients remain genetically undiagnosed. We undertook the present study to uncover the genetic basis for undiagnosed PKD patients.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed for 106 PRRT2‐negative PKD probands. The functional impact of the genetic variants was investigated in HEK293T cells and Drosophila.ResultsHeterozygous variants in KCNJ10 were identified in 11 individuals from 8 unrelated families, which accounted for 7.5% (8/106) of the PRRT2‐negative probands. Both co‐segregation of the identified variants and the significantly higher frequency of rare KCNJ10 variants in PKD cases supported impacts from the detected KCNJ10 heterozygous variants on PKD pathogenesis. Moreover, a KCNJ10 mutation‐carrying father from a typical EAST/SeSAME family was identified as a PKD patient. All patients manifested dystonia attacks triggered by sudden movement with a short episodic duration. Patch‐clamp recordings in HEK293T cells revealed apparent reductions in K+ currents of the patient‐derived variants, indicating a loss‐of‐function. In Drosophila, milder hyperexcitability phenotypes were observed in heterozygous Irk2 knock‐in flies compared to homozygotes, supporting haploinsufficiency as the mechanism for the detected heterozygous variants. Electrophysiological recordings showed that excitatory neurons in Irk2 haploinsufficiency flies exhibited increased excitability, and glia‐specific complementation with human Kir4.1 rescued the Irk2 mutant phenotypes.InterpretationOur study established haploinsufficiency resulting from heterozygous variants in KCNJ10 can be understood as a previously unrecognized genetic cause for PKD and provided evidence of glial involvement in the pathophysiology of PKD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:758–773
Ligand‐Controlled Copper‐Catalyzed Halo‐Halodifluoromethylation of Alkenes and Alkynes Using Fluorinated Carboxylic Anhydrides
Authors: Mukherjee Subrata , Aoki Yuma , Kawamura Shintaro , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolyhalogenated molecules are often found as bioactive compounds in nature and are used as synthetic building blocks. Fluoroalkyl compounds hold promise for the development of novel pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as the introduction of fluoroalkyl groups is known to improve lipophilicity, membrane permeability, and metabolic stability. Three‐component 1,2‐halo‐halodifluoromethylation reactions of alkenes are useful for their synthesis. However, general methods enabling the introduction of halodifluoromethyl (CF2X) and halogen (X’) groups in the desired combination of X and X’ are lacking. To address this gap, for the first time, we report a three‐component halo‐halodifluoromethylation of alkenes and alkynes using combinations of commercially available fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides ((CF2XCO)2O, X=Cl and Br) and alkali metal halides (X’=Cl and Br). In situ prepared fluorinated diacyl peroxides were identified as important intermediates, and the use of appropriate bipyridyl‐based ligands and a copper catalyst was essential for achieving high product selectivity. The synthetic utility of the polyhalogenated products was demonstrated by exploiting differences in the reactivities of their C−X and C−X’ bonds to achieve selective derivatization. Finally, the reaction mechanism and ligand effect were investigated using experimental and theoretical methods to provide important insights for the further development of catalytic reactions.