bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative bifurcation diagrams
Authors: Rodriguez Hector , Farley Arthur M. , Flores Juan J. , Proskurowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe explore the use of qualitative reasoning to predict the behaviour of a dynamical system given a change in one of its parameters based upon a qualitative representation of its bifurcation diagram. We present three algorithms to perform this task. The first algorithm generates a qualitative representation from a quantitative representation of the bifurcation diagram of the system. The second uses the qualitative representation to simulate the behaviour of the system given a sequence of parameter adjustments or perturbations. The third algorithm solves the opposite, control problem: it determines what parameters to change to take the system from an initial to a given goal state. The first algorithm segments a quantitative bifurcation diagram into MSs having the same qualitative behaviour. These MSs are then interconnected into a relational network. The network is used by the other two algorithms to simulate and plan the behaviour of the system from an initial situation. We present examples illustrating the qualitative representations and the behaviours of the simulation and planning algorithms for dynamical systems of one parameter.
Phytol, a diterpene alcohol, inhibits the inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress
Authors: Silva Renan O. , Sousa Francisca Beatriz M. , Damasceno Samara R.B. , Carvalho Nathalia S. , Silva Valdelânia G. , Oliveira Francisco Rodrigo M.A. , Sousa Damião P. , Aragão Karoline S. , Barbosa André L.R. , Freitas Rivelilson M. , Medeiros Jand Venes R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStudies have shown that diterpenes have anti‐inflammatory and redox‐protective pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory properties of phytol, a diterpene alcohol, in a mouse model of acute inflammation, and phytol effect on leukocyte recruitment, cytokines levels, and oxidative stress. The anti‐inflammatory activities of phytol were assessed by measuring paw edema induced by different inflammatory agents (e.g., λ‐carrageenan, compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and prostaglandin E2 [PGE2]), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, peritonitis model and cytokine levels. Further, oxidative stress was evaluated by determining glutathione (GSH) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The results showed that phytol (7.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) significantly reduced carrageenan‐induced paw edema, in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, phytol (75 mg/kg) inhibited compound 48/80‐, histamine‐, serotonin‐, bradykinin‐ and PGE2‐induced paw edema. It also inhibited the recruitment of total leukocytes and neutrophils; decreased MPO activity, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels, and MDA concentration; and increased GSH levels during carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation. These results suggest that phytol attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting neutrophil migration that is partly caused by reduction in IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels and oxidative stress.
Iaals' Honoring Families Initiative: Courts and Communities Helping Families in Transition Arising from Separation or Divorce
Authors: Kourlis Rebecca Love , Taylor Melinda , Schepard Andrew , Pruett Marsha Kline 
Published: August 2013

Keypoints
It is time for a national dialogue about the feasibility of creating out‐of‐court alternatives for separating and divorcing families.
Research indicates that separating parents who provide their children with consistency, emotional support, and low conflict help children successfully adapt in the transition process.
Collaborative Role of Courts in Promoting Outcomes for Students: The Relationship Between Arrests, Graduation Rates, and School Safety
Authors: Teske Steven C. , Huff Brian , Graves Cora 
Published: August 2013

Schools throughout the United States have adopted zero‐tolerance strategies to address school discipline. These policies have resulted in a significant increase in suspensions and expulsions. The placement of police on campus has exacerbated the problem by adding arrests and referrals to juvenile court as a disciplinary tool. This article discusses the origin of zero tolerance and its negative effects on school safety and graduation rates. This article examines three jurisdictions and their application of a collaborative model using judicial leadership to convene stakeholders resulting in written protocols to reduce school arrests and suspensions and developing alternatives that have produced better outcomes for students, the school, and the community.Keypoints
Reduce arrest of students for minor offenses
Develop alternatives to suspension, expulsion, and arrests
Create system of care targeting chronically disruptive student for behavior improvement
Improve school safety using a Positive Student Engage Model for Campus Police
Improve school climate
Increase graduation rates
Connecticut's Comprehensive Approach to Reducing In‐School Arrests: Changes in Statewide Policy, Systems Coordination and School Practices
Authors: Bracey Jeana R. , Foley Geib Catherine , Plant Robert , O'Leary Julia R. , Anderson Abby , Herscovitch Lara , O'Connell Maria , Vanderploeg Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2013

Despite decreases in school violence over the past two decades, in‐school arrest rates are on the rise. This growing trend of school arrests is attributed in part to an increase in zero‐tolerance policies for disruptive behavior and exclusionary discipline practices such as suspensions, expulsions, and the involvement of law enforcement in school discipline matters. This article describes recent advancements made toward reducing the rates of in‐school arrests in the state of Connecticut through juvenile justice policy reform, advocacy and systems coordination efforts, and changes to school practice and policy from an interdisciplinary collaborative approach.Keypoints
Change happened because stakeholders were able to work together across systems.
Getting solid data was essential to defining the problem and to showing results.
Model memoranda of agreement helped define the role of police in schools.
The Judicial Branch began using discretion to push back unnecessary arrests.
Mental health professionals offered teachers training on behavioral health and connected schools to community resources.
The effort to reduce student arrests gained traction in Connecticut coming on the heels of other successful juvenile justice reforms. Whenever we get a “win,” we should look for an opportunity to build on it.
Improving School‐Justice Partnerships: Lessons Learned from the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative
Authors: Rollison Julia , Banks Duren , Martin Alison J. , Owens Corina , Thomas Nainan , Dressler Kellie J. , Wells Michael 
Published: August 2013

Schools alone do not have the capacity to plan and implement the wide range of interventions needed to ensure a safe school environment for students. A collaborative approach among education and other community systems can best address the intersecting factors that contribute to antisocial behaviors. The Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative, launched in 1999, is a comprehensive approach to help ensure children feel safe in their schools. This article elaborates on efforts by grantees and their partners to improve coordination and service integration with an emphasis on the successful reintegration of students into schools.
Keypoints
Coordination and integration of programs and activities provided by community stakeholders are critical to improve youth outcomes.
This article highlights efforts by communities to provide a more supportive school environment to address issues of safety and student well‐being.
Comprehensive efforts contribute to minimizing duplication of services, preserving scarce resources and better identifying and serving students at risk for or already affected by violence, substance use, and mental health issues.
Parental Gatekeeping and Child Custody/Child Access Evaluation: Part I: Conceptual Framework, Research, and Application
Authors: Austin William G. , Pruett Marsha Kline , Kirkpatrick H.D. , Flens James R. , Gould Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2013

Parental gatekeeping refers to parents’ attitudes and actions that serve to affect the quality of the other parent's relationship and involvement with the child. It captures a common statutory best interest factor that often becomes the center of child custody disputes, especially in relocation cases. Gatekeeping research is reviewed for its relevance to family court and child custody evaluation. Divorce conflict and litigation is expected to be associated with negative, restrictive gatekeeping. A conceptual framework for gatekeeping is presented for child custody evaluation. Scholars have proposed a gatekeeping continuum varying from very restrictive to very facilitative in coparenting attitudes and actions. Research allows for a general prediction of potential harm to the child when there is substantial restrictive gatekeeping. The concept of social capital is proposed as an efficient explanation of the “gatekeeping effect” on children of divorce. Evaluators are cautioned not to confuse restrictive gatekeeping attitudes and behaviors. Restrictive/negative attitudes are normative among custody litigants. Children's adjustment will be affected more by the level and quality of parental involvement than by parental gatekeeping attitudes. Evaluators are encouraged to identify specific gate‐closing and gate‐opening behaviors in a gatekeeping assessment. Implications for crafting parenting plans are discussed.
Keypoints
Gatekeeping varies along continuum from facilitative to restrictive gatekeeping.
Maternal gatekeeping attitudes influence father's involvement and affects child adjustment.
Restrictive gatekeeping fosters parental conflict.
It is important to distinguish between restrictive gatekeeping attitudes and behaviors.
Stress intensity factors for three‐dimensional weld toe cracks using weld toe magnification factors
Authors: Han J. W. , Han D. K. , Han S. H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn welded components, particularly those with complex geometrical shapes, evaluating stress intensity factors is a difficult task. To effectively calculate the stress intensity factors, a weld toe magnification factor is introduced that can be derived from data obtained in a parametric study performed by finite element method (FEM). Although solutions for the weld toe magnification factor have been presented, these are applicable only to non‐load‐carrying cruciform or T‐butt joints, due possibly to the requirement of very complicated calculations. In the majority of cases for various welded joints, the currently used weld toe magnification factors do not adequately describe the behaviour of weld toe cracks. In this study, the weld toe magnification factor solutions for the three types of welded joints such as cruciform, cover plate and longitudinal stiffener joints were provided through a parametric study using three‐dimensional finite elements. The solutions were formed with exponents and fractions that have polynomial functions in terms of a/c and a/t – that is, crack depths normalised by corresponding half crack lengths and specimen thickness. The proposed weld toe magnification factors were applied to evaluate the fatigue crack propagation life considering the propagation mechanisms of multiple‐surface cracks for all welded joints. It showed good agreement within a deviation factor of two between the experimental and calculated results for the fatigue crack propagation life.
Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species
Authors: Fisk J. M. , Kwak T. J. , Heise R. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA critical component of a species reintroduction is assessment of contemporary habitat suitability. The robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum (Cope), is an imperilled catostomid that occupies a restricted range in the south‐eastern USA. A remnant population persists downstream of Blewett Falls Dam, the terminal dam in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Reintroduction upstream of Blewett Falls Dam may promote long‐term survival of this population. Tillery Dam is the next hydroelectric facility upstream, which includes a 30 rkm lotic reach. Habitat suitability indices developed in the Pee Dee River were applied to model suitable habitat for proposed minimum flows downstream of Tillery Dam. Modelling results indicate that the Tillery reach provides suitable robust redhorse habitat, with spawning habitat more abundant than non‐spawning habitat. Sensitivity analyses suggested that suitable water depth and substrate were limiting physical habitat variables. These results can inform decisions on flow regulation and guide planning for reintroduction of the robust redhorse and other species.
Effects of the Housing Boom and Bust on U.S. Metro Employment
Authors: Gabe Todd M. , Florida Richard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of the housing boom of the early 2000s on unemployment in U.S. metropolitan areas. A region's share of housing units built between 2000 and 2006 has no effect on unemployment prior to the start of the Great Recession, but the extent of a region's housing boom increases unemployment in over one‐half of the months analyzed during and immediately following it. Regression results based on a cluster analysis of metropolitan areas indicate that regions characterized by high growth rates of construction, retail, and hospitality employment during the early 2000s were hit particularly hard by the recession.
The Impact of the Maquiladora Industry on U.S. Border Cities
Authors: Cañas Jesús , Coronado Roberto , Gilmer Robert W. , Saucedo Eduardo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor decades, the maquiladora industry has been a major economic engine along the U.S.–Mexico border. Since the 1970s, researchers have analyzed how the maquiladora industry affects cities along both sides of the border. Hanson produced the first comprehensive study on the impact of the maquiladoras on U.S. border cities, considering the effects of in‐bond plants on both employment and wages. His estimates became useful rules of thumb for the entire U.S.–Mexico border; however, they have become dated. Using Hanson's framework, we estimate the maquiladora industry impact on U.S. border cities from 1990 to 2006. We find that a 10 percent increase in maquiladora production leads to a 0.5 to 0.9 percent increase in employment. We also find large differences among individual border cities. Furthermore, we estimate the cross‐border maquiladora impacts before and after 2001 when border security begins to rise, and the global low‐wage competition intensified after China joined the World Trade Organization. Empirical results indicate that U.S. border cities are less responsive to growth in maquiladora production from 2001 to 2006 than in the earlier period; however, when looking into specific sectors, we find that U.S. border city employment in service sectors is more responsive post‐2001.
Non‐Linear Relationships of Internal and External Resources on a Firm's Innovation: The Case of theSpanishVinalopó Footwear Cluster
Authors: Belso‐Martinez José A. , Molina‐Morales Francesc Xavier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to enrich the analysis on the significance of the individual firm resources in a cluster and the effects of diverse cluster relationships, including local and non‐local ones, on firms' innovation capacity. On questioning the commonly accepted direct and positive impact, we explore the joint and non‐linear effects of internal resources and inter‐organisational relationships on innovation. Data from 251 footwear manufacturers located in theSpanishVinalopó cluster were used to explore the proposed causal relationships. According to findings, the impact of each factor on product innovation is not homogeneous. Internal innovation efforts and cooperation with local suppliers positively affect the creation of new products, while collaboration with local customers and extra‐cluster linkages presents an invertedU‐shaped relationship with product innovation. Finally, a number of implications may be drawn for policy makers, practitioners, and future research.
Correlation of Headache Frequency and Psychosocial Impairment in Migraine: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ruscheweyh Ruth , Müller Melanie , Blum Bernhard , Straube Andreas 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate if a headache frequency of 15 days per month constitutes a turning point in the psychosocial impairment associated with migraine.BackgroundMigraine is differentiated into episodic and chronic forms based on a headache frequency criterion (< vs ≥15 headache days per month). It is presently not clear if this criterion represents a clinically and pathophysiologically meaningful turning point of the disease.MethodsSix hundred and one migraine patients completed measures of pain‐specific disability (Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, von Korff scale), health‐related quality of life (Short Form‐12 Health Survey), habitual well‐being (Marburg questionnaire), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score).ResultsA significant increase of psychosocial impairment with the number of headache days per month was found at lower headache frequencies, but leveled off at higher headache frequencies. Visual inspection and spline interpolation suggested that the turning point was not exactly at 15 headache days per month but rather around 13.3 (confidence interval: 8.9‐17.7) days. Accordingly, significant correlations between headache days and psychosocial impairment were found in the group with ≤13 headache days per month (Spearman's rho = 0.25, P < .001) but not in the group with >13 headache days (rho = −0.02, n.s.).ConclusionThese results suggest that a meaningful turning point in psychosocial impairment associated with migraine is located around 13.3 headache days per month, somewhat below the 15‐headache days criterion that by definition separates chronic from episodic migraine. However, confidence intervals surrounding the turning point were large. Further studies will be needed to more exactly localize the turning point.
Learn something new in 20 minutes: Bite Size sessions to support research and teaching
Authors: Tattersall Andy , Beecroft Claire , Freeman Jenny 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at The University of Sheffield run an innovative series of informal 20‐minute Bite Size sessions to help staff and students teach, research, collaborate and communicate more effectively. The sessions have two clear strands: one focused on teaching and the other on research. The remit is not to teach people how to use something in their work or study, but to let them know why they should use it and how they can employ it. By introducing participants to the possibilities and how they can apply ideas and technologies in their work and study in an enthusiastic manner, it is possible to send them away with at least the intention to explore and experiment. The evidence shows that this organic approach is working – staff and students are starting to use many of the tools that Bite Size has covered. Any kind of widespread change within organisations can be hard to deliver, but by bringing champions on your side and delivering sessions in a convenient, informal and timely manner; good practice and ideas can spread naturally.H.S.
International trends in health science libraria‐ nship: Part 7 Taking stock
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article reviews the six papers published so far in this series on global trends in health science librarianship. Starting with a retrospective review of trends in the twentieth‐century, the series has covered 6 different regions, with contributions from 21 countries. As this is the half‐way point in the survey, it seems a useful point at which to reflect on what has emerged so far. The method of content analysis is used to identify key trends. The top five trends are explored.JM
Grassy margins along organically managed cereal fields foster trait diversity and taxonomic distinctness of arthropod communities
Authors: Birkhofer Klaus , Wolters Volkmar , Diekötter Tim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIt is not known if grassy margins contribute to the conservation of biodiversity if situated along organically managed cereal fields as the contrast in environmental conditions between fields and margins may be too small in absence of pesticide applications.Communities of spiders, ground beetles, true bugs and aphids were sampled in 2 years along transects from the centre of organically managed cereal fields into adjacent grassy margins. Based on species richness, abundances, ecological and body size traits of species and taxonomic distinctness between species, communities were compared between organically managed cereal fields and their grassy margins.The species richness, abundance and variation in taxonomic distinctness of true bugs were significantly higher in grassy margins. For spiders and ground beetles, these metrics were either higher in cereal fields or did not differ significantly. At the species level, spiders living under stones or in soil crevices, as well as phytophagous ground beetles and true bugs that overwinter as eggs benefited from grassy margins. True bug communities in cereal fields were dominated by a few abundant species, whereas communities in margins were rather dominated by a few large species.Our comprehensive analyses highlight the importance of accounting for species identities and biology in biodiversity studies. The traits that characterised arthropod species that benefited from margins are not characteristic for pest species. Grassy margins along organic fields therefore represent an important agri‐environmental scheme for the conservation of several arthropod taxa and margins should not be removed to increase the crop production area in organically managed cereal fields.
Clinical profile, morbidity, and outcome of adult‐onset generalized pustular psoriasis: analysis of 102 cases seen in a tertiary hospital in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Choon Siew Eng , Lai Nai Ming , Mohammad Norshaleyna A , Nanu Nalini M , Tey Kwee Eng , Chew Shang Fern 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe but rare variant of psoriasis. Our objective is to review the clinical profile, comorbidities, and outcome of patients with GPP.Materials and methodsA retrospective note review of all patients with adult‐onset GPP.ResultsA total of 102 patients with adult‐onset GPP were diagnosed between 1989 and November 2011, with a female to male ratio of 2 : 1. The mean age at onset of GPP was 40.9 years (range: 21–81 years). Acute GPP was the most common variant seen (95 cases), followed by four localized variants of GPP and three with annular pustular psoriasis. Fever and painful skin were present in 89% of patients, arthritis in 34.7%, and leukocytosis in 78.4%. Common triggers were systemic steroids (45 cases), pregnancy (17 cases), and upper respiratory tract infections (16 cases). A positive family history of psoriasis and GPP was present in 29% and 11%, respectively. Comorbidities included obesity (42.9%), hypertension (25.7%), hyperlipidemia (25.7%), and diabetes mellitus (23.7%). The mean duration of admission and pustular flare for acute GPP was 10.3 days (range: 3–44 days) and 16 days (range: 7–60 days), respectively. Fifty‐four patients responded to systemic retinoid, 21 to methotrexate, eight to cyclosporine, and one to adalimumab, but recurrences were common.ConclusionsOur study confirms the poor response of GPP to currently available anti‐psoriatic agents, with frequent flare‐ups. There is a need for a more effective targeted therapy for this condition.