bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Different Donor Abilities in Bis(pyrazolyl)pyridinylmethane Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Hoffmann Alexander , Flörke Ulrich , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe synthesised and characterised eleven complexes of the biomimetic bis(pyrazolyl)methanes (2‐pyridinyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane [HC(Pz)2(Py)] and (2‐quinolinyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane [HC(Pz)2(Qu)] with the transition metals cobalt, iron, copper and zinc. With the pyridinyl ligand HC(Pz)2(Py), we obtained the bifacial complexes [Co{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2]Cl2·2CH3CN (C1), [Co{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2][CF3SO3]2 (C2), [Fe{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2]Cl2·2CH3OH [C3], [Cu{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2]Cl2·2CH3OH (C4a) and [Cu{HC(Pz)2(Py)}2][CuCl3H2O] (C4b) and the monofacial complex [CuCl2{HC(Pz)2(Py)}]·CH3OH (C5); with the quinolinyl ligand HC(Pz)2(Qu), we obtained the bifacial complexes [Co{HC(Pz)2(Qu)}2][CoCl4]·4CH3CN·0.88CH2Cl2 (C6) and [Fe{HC(Pz)2(Qu)}2][FeCl4]·2CH3CN (C7), the monofacial complexes [FeCl2{HC(Pz)2(Qu)}] (C8) and [CuBr2{HC(Pz)2(Qu)}] (C9) and the bifacial zinc complex [Zn{HC(Pz)2(Qu)}2][ZnCl4] (C10). We explored the donor properties of the free ligands and the ligands in these complexes and found that the delicate donor competition is an intriguing field. By second‐order perturbation theory, pyrazolyl units are the stronger donors, although pyridinyl units are more basic. Isodesmic reactions indicate that the pyridinyl donors give a stronger complex stabilisation. This small bias can be disturbed by subtle variations of the coordination geometry, which is important in the bioinorganic context.
Characterization of field margins in intensified agro-ecosystems—why narrow margins should matter in terrestrial pesticide risk assessment and management
Authors: Hahn Melanie , Lenhardt Patrick P , Brühl Carsten A 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Field margins are important seminatural habitats in agro-ecosystems, but they can be negatively affected by pesticide inputs via direct overspray and spray drift. In Germany, risk mitigation measures (like buffer zones) to reduce pesticide inputs in terrestrial noncrop habitats do not have to be put in place by farmers next to narrow field margins (&lt;3 m width). Because data on structure, size, and width of field margins are scarce, we identified field margins in 2 German agricultural landscapes (Rhineland-Palatinate [RLP], Brandenburg [BB]; 4000 ha each) using digital orthophotos and geographical information systems. In RLP, most of the field margins were less than 3 m wide (85% of margin length and 65% of the margin area), whereas in BB narrow field margins account for 45% of the margin length and 17% of the margin area. Hedgerows were only occasionally recorded. Hence, narrow grassy field margins can represent a large part of the available seminatural habitats adjoining agricultural sites and potentially act as corridors between further habitat patches. For this reason, these margins should be protected from pesticide inputs, at least in landscapes under intensive agricultural use. Field margins are also the main, so-called nontarget habitat protected by the terrestrial risk assessment for plants and arthropods. With many (narrow) margins not considered relevant for risk management, the current practice for protecting the biodiversity from negative effects of pesticides seems questionable. More data on field margin constitution in Germany and other European countries is necessary to critically assess the current practice of pesticide risk assessment and management on a larger scale. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:456–462. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
Field margins, important habitats in agro-ecosystems that can be negatively affected by pesticides, were characterized by the use of digital orthophotos concerning their length, area, and width in two intensively used agricultural regions in Germany. Narrow field margins (less than 3m wide) represent common structures in both regions (85 and 50% of the margin length, 65 and 17% of the margin area, respectively), but in Germany, such narrow elements are not protected from pesticide inputs by risk mitigation measures like buffer zones. As narrow margins can provide habitats for e.g. arthropod predators as well as herbivores, and are assumed to act as corridors for species movements, they should be protected from pesticide inputs at least in intensively used agricultural landscapes to benefit biodiversity.
Stereoselective DielsAlder Reactions Promoted under Continuous‐Flow Conditions by Silica‐Supported Chiral Organocatalysts
Authors: Porta Riccardo , Benaglia Maurizio , Chiroli Valerio , Coccia Francesca , Puglisi Alessandra 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSilica nanoparticles of different morphological properties were functionalized with enantiomerically pure imidazolidinones, through different immobilization techniques; stainless‐steel columns were then loaded with silica bearing chiral organocatalysts to realize chiral “homemade” reactors. The influence of the material properties and immobilization procedures on the chemical and stereochemical activities of the chiral HPLC columns was studied by performing organocatalyzed DielsAlder reactions between cyclopentadiene and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes under continuous‐flow conditions. In some cases, excellent enantioselectivities were obtained, thus showing that a catalytic reactor may work efficiently to continuously produce enantiomerically enriched cycloadducts for more than 200 h. Regeneration of the organocatalytic column was also partially accomplished, although associated with a slightly lower enantioselectivity, thus prolonging the “life” of the reactor to more than 300 h.
Reducing ethylene levels along the food supply chain: a key to reducing food waste?
Authors: Blanke Michael M 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExcessive waste along the food supply chain of 71 (UK, Netherlands) to 82 (Germany) kg per head per year sparked widespread criticism of the agricultural food business and provides a great challenge and task for all its players and stakeholders. Origins of this food waste include private households, restaurants and canteens, as well as supermarkets, and indicate that 59–65% of this food waste can be avoided. Since ∼50% of the food waste is fruit and vegetables, monitoring and control of their natural ripening gas – ethylene – is suggested here as one possible key to reducing food waste. Ethylene accelerates ripening of climacteric fruits, and accumulation of ethylene in the supply chain can lead to fruit decay and waste. While ethylene was determined using a stationary gas chromatograph with gas cylinders, the new generation of portable sensor‐based instruments now enables continuous in situ determination of ethylene along the food chain, a prerequisite to managing and maintaining the quality and ripeness of fruits and identifying hot spots of ethylene accumulation along the supply chain.Ethylene levels were measured in a first trial, along the supply chain of apple fruit from harvest to the consumer, and ranged from 10 ppb in the CA fruit store with an ethylene scrubber, 70 ppb in the fruit bin, to 500 ppb on the sorting belt in the grading facility, to ppm levels in perforated plastic bags of apples. This paper also takes into account exogenous ethylene originating from sources other than the fruit itself.Countermeasures are discussed, such as the potential of breeding for low‐ethylene fruit, applications of ethylene inhibitors (e.g. 1‐MCP) and absorber strips (e.g. ‘It's Fresh’, Ryan'), packages (e.g. ‘Peakfresh’), both at the wholesale and retail level, vents and cooling for the supply chain, sale of class II produce (‘Wunderlinge’), collection (rather than waste) of produce on the ‘sell by’ date (‘Die Tafel’) and whole crop purchase (WCP) to aid reducing food waste. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Determining the mineral composition in Cucurbita pepo fruit using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Martínez‐Valdivieso Damián , Font Rafael , Gómez Pedro , Blanco‐Díaz Teresa , Del Río‐Celestino Mercedes 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDEfforts through conventional breeding to improve the mineral content in horticultural crops have not always been successful mainly due to the fact that standard analytical methods are both costly and time‐consuming. We investigated the feasibility of applying near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to the estimation of essential mineral composition in the skin and flesh of summer squash fruits (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) using a 200‐sample set from diverse morphotypes.RESULTSThe coefficients of determination in the external validation (R2 VAL) obtained for the skin and flesh of the fruit were: total mineral content, 0.84 and 0.70; P, 0.74 and 0.62; K, 0.83 and 0.67; Ca, 0.57 and 0.60; Mg, 0.78 and 0.45; Fe, 0.78 and 0.65; Cu, 0.67 and 0.66; Mn, 0.67 and 0.64; Zn, 0.80 and 0.79 and Na, 0.33 and 0.33; respectively.CONCLUSIONSNIRS combined with different spectral transformations by modified partial least‐squares (MPLS) regression has shown to be useful in determining the mineral composition of summer squash fruit, being a fast and low‐cost analytical technique. Components such as chlorophyll, starch and lipids were used by MPLS for modelling the predicting equations. The promotion of micronutrient‐rich summer squash varieties could have a significant long‐term beneficial impact on the health of mineral deficient human populations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Fermented whey as poultry feed additive to prevent fungal contamination
Authors: Londero Alejandra , León Peláez María A , Diosma Gabriela , De Antoni Graciela L , Abraham Analía G , Garrote Graciela L 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal contamination of poultry feed causes economic losses to industry and represents a potential risk to animal health. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of whey fermented with kefir grains as additive to reduce fungal incidence, thus improving feed safety.RESULTSWhey fermented for 24 h at 20 °C with kefir grains (100 g L−1) reduced conidial germination of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium crustosum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Rhizopus sp. Poultry feed supplemented with fermented whey (1 L kg−1) was two to four times more resistant to fungal contamination than control feed depending on the fungal species. Additionally, it contained kefir microorganisms at levels of 1 × 108 colony‐forming units (CFU) kg−1 of lactic acid bacteria and 6 × 107 CFU kg−1 of yeasts even after 30 days of storage.CONCLUSIONFermented whey added to poultry feed acted as a biopreservative, improving its resistance to fungal contamination and increasing its shelf life. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Application and bioactive properties of proteins and peptides derived from hen eggs: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Yin Yongguang , Zhao Wenzhu , Chen Feng , Liu Jingbo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeveral proteins and peptides that are released in vitro and/or in vivo from hen eggs are biologically active and have a variety of functional properties in humans beyond normal nutrition, for which extensive studies have been performed. This review focuses on their biological activities, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiadhesive, immunomodulatory and antithrombotic activities and enhancement of mineral absorption. These proteins and peptides have been shown to regulate the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system and gastrointestinal system. The potential application and future directions of research on these bioactive peptides and proteins in the food industry are also addressed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A nomogram for predicting locoregional recurrence in primary breast cancer patients who received breast‐conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Matsuda Naoko , Hayashi Naoki , Ohde Sachiko , Yagata Hiroshi , Kajiura Yuka , Yoshida Atsushi , Suzuki Koyu , Nakamura Seigo , Tsunoda Hiroko , Yamauchi Hideko 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundWe sought to develop and validate a predictive model of locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients who underwent breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Patients and methodsThe clinicopathological characteristics of 520 consecutive primary breast cancer patients with residual tumor who underwent BCT after NAC between 2001 and 2008 were evaluated. Predictive variables of LRR were determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The model was validated for discrimination and calibration by bootstrap re‐sampling.ResultsAt a median follow‐up period of 51 months, 64 patients (12%) had developed LRR. Clinical stage T3 or T4, lymphovascular invasion, nuclear grade >3, and ≥4 positive lymph nodes metastasis were positively correlated with LRR. The nomogram for predicting LRR developed by using these four‐clinicopathologic variables demonstrated high concordance. Patients with score 0–1 derived by the prediction model had significantly low LRR rate compared with patients with score 2 or higher (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis nomogram may be useful to predict LRR in primary breast cancer patients who underwent BCT after NAC with high reproducibility. This model is useful to conduct a study‐identifying patients who may need an additional treatment to standard adjuvant therapy because of a high probability of LRR. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:764–769. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microvascular free tissue reconstruction in the patient with multiple courses of radiation
Authors: Gordin Eli A. , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: March 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the feasibility of microvascular free tissue transfer in the multiply irradiated patient.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis of 48 patients in a tertiary care, private practice setting.MethodsInclusion criteria were defined as patients who received multiple courses of radiation and underwent subsequent free tissue reconstruction to manage treatment‐related complications (n = 24) or defects following additional oncologic surgery (n = 24). The main outcome measures included total and partial flap necrosis, hardware exposure, and pharyngocutaneous fistula. The minimum follow‐up was 6 months.ResultsOne case of total flap failure, two cases of partial skin paddle necrosis, one case of poor wound healing of the surrounding tissue to the flap, six cases of hardware exposure, 11 cases of fistula with eight requiring operative intervention, three cases requiring and additional free flap to supplement reconstruction, and one stroke.ConclusionsMicrovascular free tissue transfer to the head and neck is expected to provide a successful reconstruction in patients who have received multiple courses of radiation and who develop second primary tumors, recurrence of disease, or who suffer from late complications of their radiation therapy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope 124:2252–2256, 2014
Patterns of clinical and electrodiagnostic abnormalities in early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Simon Neil G. , Lomen‐Hoerth Catherine , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The distribution of clinical and neurophysiological abnormalities in patients with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was investigated in an attempt to delineate patterns of disease spread. Methods: Clinical and electrodiagnostic data were collected from 150 ALS patients and analyzed based on the clinical region of onset. Results: Asymmetry of clinical and neurophysiological abnormalities was more marked in upper limb‐onset than lower limb‐onset disease. Significant rostral–caudal gradients of clinical weakness were identified in bulbar‐ and lower limb‐onset disease. Neurophysiological evidence of the ALS “split‐hand” pattern was evident irrespective of the region of disease onset. Limbs with and without evidence of clinical weakness demonstrated similar rates of abnormality on electromyography. Conclusions: These findings suggest a pattern of disease spread in ALS. This study may serve to guide ongoing development of disease quantitation biomarkers and the targeting of future neuroprotective strategies. Muscle Nerve 50: 894–899, 2014
Bone turnover in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Watsky Mitchell A. , Carbone Laura D. , An Qi , Cheng Cheng , Lovorn Elizabeth A. , Hudson Melissa M. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Kaste Sue C. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundWe investigated the effects of demographic, lifestyle (self‐reported smoking status and physical activity levels), cancer‐related treatment factors (radiation and chemotherapy), and diet (calcium and vitamin D intake) on bone turnover and the relationship of bone turnover to lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) Z‐scores (LS‐BMD Z‐scores) determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 418 ≥5‐year survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureBone turnover was assessed by biomarkers including serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), and urinary N‐telopeptide of type I collagen indexed to creatinine (NTX/Cr). The 215 males ranged in age from 9 to 36 years (median age 17 years).ResultsAge and tanner score were inversely associated with all biomarkers (BALP, OC, NTX/Cr) (P < 0.001). Males had higher BALP and OC than females (P < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with OC and NTX/Cr (P < 0.001). There was no significant association of biomarkers with lifestyle related factors, ALL treatment‐related factors, dietary calcium, vitamin D, or LS‐BMD Z‐score.ConclusionsIn this population of long‐term survivors of ALL, bone turnover was significantly associated with age, gender, tanner stage, and BMI. ALL‐related treatments did not influence bone turnover and bone turnover was not predictive of volumetric LS‐BMD Z‐score. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1451–1456. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the Middle East and neighboring countries: A prospective multi‐institutional international collaborative study (CALLME1) by the Middle East Childhood Cancer Alliance (MECCA)
Authors: Al‐Mulla Naima A. , Chandra Prem , Khattab Mohammed , Madanat Faris , Vossough Parvaneh , Torfa Eyad , Al‐Lamki Zakiya , Zain Gamal , Muwakkit Samar , Mahmoud Salah , Al‐Jassmi Abdulrahman , Tuncer Murat , Al‐Mukharraq Hussein , Barsaoui Sihem , Arceci Robert J. , Howard Scott C. , Kulozik Andreas E. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Reaman Gregory H. , Farranoush Mohammad , AlNasser Abdullah A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about childhood ALL in the Middle East. This study was undertaken by MECCA as initial efforts in collaborative data collection to provide clinical and demographic information on children with ALL in the Middle East.ProcedureClinical and laboratory data for patients with ALL between January 2008 and April 2012 were prospectively collected from institutions in 14 Middle East countries and entered into a custom‐built‐database during induction phase. All laboratory studies including cytogenetics were done at local institutions.ResultsThe 1,171 voluntarily enrolled patients had a mean age of 6.1 ± 3.9 years and 59.2% were boys. T‐ALL represented 14.8% and 84.2% had B‐precursor ALL. At diagnosis, 5.6% had CNS disease. The distribution of common genetic abnormalities reflected a similar percentage of hyperdiploidy (25.6%), but a lower percentage of ETV6–RUNX1 translocation (14.7%) compared to large series reported from Western populations. By clinical criteria, 47.1% were low/standard risk, 16.9% were intermediate risk, and 36% were high risk. Most patients received all their care at the same unit (96.9%). Patients had excellent induction response to chemotherapy with an overall complete remission rate of 96%. Induction toxicities were acceptable.ConclusionsThis first collaborative study has established a process for prospective data collection and future multinational collaborative research in the Middle East. Despite the limitations of an incomplete population‐based study, it provides the first comprehensive baseline data on clinical characteristics, laboratory evaluation, induction outcome, and toxicity. Further work is planned to uncover possible biologic differences of ALL in the region and to improve diagnosis and management. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1403–1410. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between optical and electrical performance of mid‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes on AlN substrates
Authors: Moe Craig G. , Garrett Gregory A. , Grandusky James R. , Chen Jianfeng , Rodak Lee E. , Rotella Paul , Wraback Michael , Schowalter Leo J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMid‐ultraviolet LEDs grown on AlN substrates with a range of quantum efficiencies and wavelengths spanning 250 to 280 nm have been investigated by time‐resolved photoluminescence and electroluminescence. Through scaling of room temperature internal quantum efficiencies across all devices, radiative and nonradiative lifetimes are also estimated. General trends observed include an increase in PL lifetime for longer wavelength and higher external quantum efficiency devices, consistent with the increase in the estimated nonradiative life‐time with increasing wavelength. Despite these trends, the external quantum efficiency of the devices increases only weakly with increasing wavelength from 258 to 279 nm, suggesting that optimization of radiative lifetime and injection efficiency also play an important role. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Retinoic Acid Suppresses the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Embryonic Stem Cells and Activates the Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Osei-Sarfo Kwame , Gudas Lorraine J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have both the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell lineages. Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of Vitamin A, has a critical function in initiating lineage differentiation of ESCs through binding to the retinoic acid receptors. Additionally, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in pluripotency and differentiation, depending on the activation status of the canonical and noncanonical pathways. The activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which requires the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and its interaction with Tcf1/Lef at Wnt response elements, is involved in ESC stemness maintenance. The noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, through actions of Tcf3, can antagonize the canonical pathway. We show that RA activates the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, while concomitantly inhibiting the canonical pathway. RA increases the expression of ligands and receptors of the noncanonical Wnt pathway (Wnt 5a, 7a, Fzd2 and Fzd6), downstream signaling, and Tcf3 expression. RA reduces the phosphorylated β-catenin levels by fourfold, although total β-catenin levels do not change. We show that RA signaling increases the dissociation of Tcf1 and the association of Tcf3 at promoters of genes that regulate stemness (e.g., NR5A2, Lrh-1) or differentiation (e.g. Cyr61, Zic5). Knockdown of Tcf3 increases Lrh-1 transcript levels in mESCs and prevents the RA-associated, fourfold increase in Zic5, indicating that RA requires Tcf3 to effect changes in Zic5 levels. We demonstrate a novel role for RA in altering the activation of these two Wnt signaling pathways and show that Tcf3 mediates some actions of RA during differentiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:2061–2071