bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous hypertonic saline ‐ the effect of splitting the dose
Authors: TORVINEN P , HARJU M , KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the effect of a single vs. splitted dose of intravenous hypertonic saline (IVHTS) on intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).Methods In a prospective, randomised, interventional trial, we enrolled OAG patients with an IOP of 22‐34 mmHg. We excluded patients using oral acetazolamide, those with heart or kidney failure, dementia or another systemic condition that notably decreased physical performance. Participants received 23.4% IVHTS trough an antecubital vein at a rate of 1 ml/s. Group 1 received a single dose of 1 mmol/kg, and Group 2 two doses of 0.5 mmol/kg sodium separated by 10 minutes. We measured IOP before IVHTS and repeatedly for 20 minutes after infusion.Results A total of 32 participants (median age 69 years, range 35‐78); 20 patients in Group 1 and 12 in Group 2. The mean baseline IOP was 26.2 (SD, 2.7) mmHg in Group 1, and 25.4 (3.5) mmHg in Group 2 (P=0.15). In both groups, mean IOP was significantly reduced after IVHTS; mean reduction in Group 1 was 7.0 (2.8) mmHg 10 minutes after IVHTS (P<0.001), and 7.6 (2.6) mmHg (P<0.001) at 20 minutes. In group 2, the corresponding mean reductions after the 2nd dose were 8.1 (2.0) mmHg (P<0.001) and 8.2 (1.8) mmHg (P<0.001), respectively. The mean IOP reductions 10 and 20 minutes after IVHTS were comparable for Group 1 and 2 (P=0.24 and P=0.47, respectively). Within 1‐3 minutes of infusion, 16 patients in Group 1 felt pain at the infusion site as compared to 7 patients in Group 2. The 2nd dose in Group 2 induced more pain than the 1st dose according to 8 patients.Conclusion A single dose of 1.0 mmol/kg and two sequential splitted doses of 0.5 mmol/kg of IVHTS reduce IOP comparably. Splitting the dose did not eliminate the pain felt at the infusion site.
Dynamic dark‐light changes in anterior chamber and iris parameters in angle closure patients with novel automatic algorithm using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT)
Authors: LEE TL , ANG L , TIAN J , YIP L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To describe the dynamic dark‐light changes in anterior chamber (AC) measurements and iris parameters in angle closure patients compared to normal angle patients using a fully automatic algorithm developed for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).Methods 10 patients (17 eyes with closed angles) and 8 patients (15 eyes with normal angles) on gonioscopic grading were recruited. We acquired images in both dark and light conditions using Visante OCT. Custom software analyzed the images using the iris rim as the landmark instead of the sclera spur. The parameters analyzed included angle opening distance and angle recess area, at 750μm from the iris rim (AOD 750 & ARA 750), AC depth and width, lens vault and iris curvature, thickness, length and area. We analyzed the amount of change from dark to light in both groups of patients.Results In both conditions, angle closure patients had significantly smaller AOD and ARA, but there was no difference in iris parameters between the 2 groups. In both groups of patients, there was significant change in iris length, area, thickness and ARA when moving from dark to light conditions. The AOD changed significantly in normal patients but not in angle closure patients. There was no difference in the magnitude of change in the above parameters, when changing from dark to light conditions, in both groups of patients.Conclusion The automated algorithm can identify differences between the AC measurements and iris parameters in both groups of patients. The lighting condition affects the measurements taken regardless of diagnosis. As such, lighting control should be consistent.
Comparison of prelaminar thickness between primary open angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma patients
Authors: JUNG Y , PARK H , PARK C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the difference in prelaminar tissue thickness between patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG) and to determine the factors related to prelaminar thickness.Methods Complete ophthalmic examination including standard automatic perimetry was performed in all patients. The prelaminar tissue thickness was measured in all patients by performing enhanced depth imaging with a Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography. The prelaminar thickness was compared between patients with POAG and those with NTG. The retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head parameters were obtained using the Heidelberg Retina Tomography II and Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography and analyzed to verify factors related to prelaminar thickness.Results The mean prelaminar tissue thickness was significantly thinner in patients with POAG than in those with NTG. The difference in the prelaminar thickness between patients with POAG and those with NTG was greater in the early field defect group than in the moderate and severe field groups. In multivariate analysis, the mean prelaminar thickness was related to the intraocular pressure, cup volume, and mean cup depth.Conclusion The prelaminar tissue was thinner in patients with POAG than in patients with NTG, and the intraocular pressure had a strong influence on the prelaminar thickness in both patients with POAG and those with NTG.
Swept source optical coherence tomography artifacts in glaucoma patients
Authors: LEE SY , SEO SJ , LEE YH , BAE HY , KIM CY 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To demonstrate the frequency and the type of swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS –OCT) imaging artifacts in patients being evaluated glaucoma and to present common artifacts examplesMethods The SS–OCT images of 101 glaucoma suspect and glaucoma patients were used to evaluate image artifacts. We used a 3 dimensional imaging data set of 6x6mm raster scan centered on the optic disc (3D disc scan) and a 3 dimensional imaging data set of 12 mm horizontal line scan centered between optic disc and the fovea (3D side scan). For each scan, both printout report and the source image of printout report were examined.Results In 101 patients, 101 3D disc scans and 97 3D wide scans were obtained. In 3D disc scan, there were 30 artifacts in source image and 23 artifacts in final report. In 3D wide scan, there were 24 artifacts in source image and 20 artifacts in final report. The most common type of artifacts for 3D disc scan source data was boundary misidentification (66.7%). That was also the most common type of artifacts of 3D wide scan source data. Ocular pathology accounted for 25% of the cause in 3D disc scan source data with artifacts and 38.9% in 3D wide disc scan source data with artifacts. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was the most common cause of ocular pathologic artifactsConclusion The artifacts in SS OCT images can be made by ocular pathology or software error. Operator also can be the cause of SS OCT artifact. Those factors can make errors in interpreting OCT result. Although it is known that SS OCT has an advantage in image detection efficiency, we should consider possibility of artifacts in source data and final report. Especially, we should pay attention in patient who has ocular lesions such as ERM or vitreous traction.
Evaluation of peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with glaucoma
Authors: MUMCUOGLU T , OZGE G , OZGONUL C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We aimed to compare peripapillary choroidal thickness measurements between normal and glaucoma eyes.Methods Prospective, cross‐sectional comparative study. 46 eyes of 23 normal and 86 eyes of 45 glaucoma subjects were enrolled in the study. Peripapillary choroidal thickness was measured with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography and enhanced depth imaging. After obtaining circular B‐scans around the disc, choroidal thicknesses were calculated for all quadrants. Difference in peripapillary choroidal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macula thickness and macula volume between the normal subjects and the patients with glaucoma was analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in age, gender or refraction between the two groups. RNFL in all quadrants and overall average thickness significantly thinner in the glaucoma group as compared to normal subjects (p<0.01). Peripapillary choroidal thickness of inferior (130 vs 112,6 μm, P < 0.01), temporal (180,1 vs 152,9 μm, P < 0.03) regions were significantly thinner and macular volume (8,42 vs 7,95 mm3, P < 0.015) were significantly lower in the glaucoma group as compared to normal subjects.Conclusion As compared to normal subjects, peripapillary choroidal thickness was significantly thinner and macula volume decreased in the glaucoma patients. The structural features of the choroid may be associated with pathophysiology of glaucoma.
The association of nailfold capillaroscopy with systemic matrix metalloproteinase‐9 concentration in normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: LEE N , PARK C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the association of nailfold capillaroscopy, heart rate variability (HRV), and clinical characteristics of glaucoma with the plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) level in normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG).Methods We conducted a prospective, cross‐sectional study on 25 patients with NTG. Subjects with systemic diseases were excluded. The patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and were referred to the Rheumatology Department, where nailfold capillaroscopy and HRV assessment were performed. The patients were assigned to the lowest and highest HRV groups according to the standard deviation value of the qualified normal‐to‐normal intervals of the HRV assessment. Blood samples from all of the subjects were assayed for MMP‐9 concentrations.Results The systemic MMP‐9 level was significantly associated with the nailfold capillaroscopy result (ρ=0.439, p=0.032). However, there was no significant association of HRV parameters, disc hemorrhage, or visual field progression with the systemic MMP‐9 level.Conclusion The systemic MMP‐9 level was associated with the nailfold capillaroscopy results in patients with NTG but had no direct association with optic disc hemorrhage.
Management of secondary glaucoma in patients with uveitis
Authors: MUMCUOGLU T , OZGE G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report the clinical course of patients with uveitic glaucoma.Methods The medical records of the patients diagnosed with uveitic glaucoma at the Glaucoma Service of the Department of Ophthalmology were reviewed retrospectively.Results Twenty eight patients (38 eyes) presented, of whom 20 were male and 8 were female. The mean age was 50.4±16.5. Eighteen patients had disease unilaterally and 10 bilaterally. Uveitis was associated Behçet’s disease in 6 patients, and idiopathic in 22 patients. All patients initially received topical medical therapy. Sixteen eyes were treated with monotherapy and 22 eyes with multitherapy. Surgical procedures (trabeculectomy or combined phacotabeculectomy) were performed in 20 eyes in which medical therapy failed. Secondary surgical procedures such as bleb revision or drainage implantation were needed in 6 eyes.Conclusion Secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis is an underappreciated, vision‐threatening complication and a challenging condition to manage.
Lysyl Oxidase‐Like 1 gene haplotypes and their association with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in the Spanish population
Authors: ALVAREZ L , GARCIA M , GONZALEZ‐IGLESIAS H , ESCRIBANO J , RODRIGUEZ‐CALVO PP , FERNANDEZ‐VEGA L , COCA‐PRADOS M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the potential association of genetic variants across the lysyl oxidase‐like 1 (LOXL1) gene in Spanish patients with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma (XFG).Methods A case‐control study of 105 unrelated individuals from Spain with XFG and 200 unrelated healthy controls matched by age and ethnicity were enrolled. A region of 39,230 bp‐long of genomic DNA covering the entire LOXL1 gene and regulatory regions were sequenced in 99 patients using next generation sequencing. Variant frequencies were compared with those reported from the HapMap CEU study. Restriction fragment–length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was conducted to genotype five SNPs in the LOXL1 gene (rs16958477, rs1048661, rs3825942, rs2165241 and rs3522) in all controls and in 6 XFG patients. A case‐control association study was performed using the HaploView 4.0 software.Results The allelic frequency analysis of the five selected LOXL1 SNPs revealed that (with the exception of rs3522) they were significantly associated with an increased risk for XFG. The haplotypes CGGT and AGGT, which carry the risk alleles of rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241 were significantly associated with XFG. In contrast, the haplotypes ATGC and AGAC were found to be protective.Conclusion This study confirms that common genetic variants in the LOXL1 gene are associated with XFG in the Spanish population. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate this association in a population of Western Europe.
Subfoveal choroidal thickness in myopic and non myopic children
Authors: FONTAINE M , SAUER A , GAUCHER D , SPEEG‐SCHATZ C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Since the recent development of Enhanced‐Depth‐Imaging program (Spectral domain OCT), most of the studies concerning choroidal thickness and myopia were performed on adults. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate a link between subfoveal choroidal thickness and ametropia in children.Methods We included 115 healthy children aged between 3 and 15 years. We measured refraction with cycloplegia, axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness with EDI program (Spectral domain OCT). We compared mean subfoveal choroidal thickness in the myopic population of children, to non myopic population of children, using t‐test. We correlated axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness using Spearmann test.Results We included 115 right eyes. The mean age was 7.8 years. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.0 diopters,the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 314.82 µm. 78 children had a positive spherical equivalent refraction (emmetropic and hyperopic group), 35 had a negative spherical equivalent refraction (myopic group). In the emmetropic/hyperopic group, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 332.3 µm. In the myopic group, it was 275.9 µm. The mean sufoveal choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in myopic children compared to the other group, with a difference of 53.4µm, p=0.032, IC 95% [18.29 ; 88.5]. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly correlated to axial length (r= ‐0.4343, p<0.0001, IC 95% [‐0.5768; ‐0.2662].Conclusion This study shows that subfoveal choroid is thinner in myopic children. This has been demonstrated in adult, but there are only a few studies about children. Our results confirm the recent literature. It leads to new projects of study: a thin choroid could be a predictive factor of myopia.
The use of statistical modeling to predict temporal artery biopsy outcome from presenting symptoms and laboratory results
Authors: LEE M , DE SMIT E , WONG TEN YUEN A , SAROSSY M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis affecting the elderly that can cause blindness if untreated. The current diagnostic gold standard is a temporal artery biopsy (TAB) which requires theatre time and histopathology analysis, causing a delay in formal diagnosis. In this study we investigated whether various predictive statistical models could accurately predict the TAB result from presenting symptoms and baseline laboratory tests.Methods Clinical characteristics of 182 patients who underwent TABs performed at the Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital (RVEEH) were analysed. Clinical data was extracted from patient files including demographics (age, gender), presence of typical GCA symptoms (headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, anorexia, fatigue, malaise, fever, weight loss, visual disturbance and previous diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica), and laboratory tests (CRP, ESR and platelet count). Various predictive statistical models were fitted in R – Random Forest (RF) , Adaboost, Regression Tree (rpart) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to fit the dataset which was segregated into test and train parts for cross‐validation. We used a binary classification where equivocal results were considered positive.Results Of the TABs, 65 were negative, 117 were “positive” (94 positive, 23 equivocal). SVM achieved the best classification accuracy at 100% (40/40 predicted correctly). Rpart, Adaboost and RF achieved 65, 65 and 67.5% respectively.Conclusion Our statistical model using open source software has shown a high accuracy in predicting the TAB outcome based on presenting features. This could inform the clinician of the likelihood of TAB positive GCA and hence guide immediate management.
Ganglion cell complex analysis in Parkinson´s disease by optical coherence tomography
Authors: VIEIRA L , ANJOS R , SOUSA A , SILVA N , VICENTE A , BORGES B , COSTA L , FERREIRA J , CUNHA JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyze the ganglion cell complex (GCC) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Parkinson´s disease and to correlate it with disease´s severity and duration.Methods We conducted a prospective, case‐control study, in healthy subjects and in patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD). Full ophthalmologic examination, OCT (Spectralis ®) and neurological evaluation were performed. Macular thickness of GCC (retinal ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer) were measured after manual segmentation.Results The study included 25 healthy subjects (25 eyes) and 25 patients (25 eyes) with PD. Age and sex did not differ between the two groups. A statistically significant decrease in the thickness of GCC was detected in the PD group compared to control (p<0,05). GCC thickness was inversely correlated with Parkinson´s disease severity and duration.Conclusion The decreased GCC thickness detected in this study goes in favor to the characteristic neurodegeneration of this disease. GCC analysis may contribute to the diagnosis and management of this pathology.
Impaired autophagy: a link between neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases
Authors: Polajnar Mira , Žerovnik Eva 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProtein misfolding, and subsequent aggregation have been proven as the leading cause of most known dementias. Many of these, in addition to neurodegeneration, show profound changes in behaviour and thinking, thus, psychiatric symptoms. On the basis of the observation that progressive myoclonic epilepsies and neurodegenerative diseases share some common features of neurodegeneration, we proposed autophagy as a possible common impairment in these diseases. Here, we argue along similar lines for some neuropsychiatric conditions, among them depression and schizophrenia. We propose that existing and new therapies for these seemingly different diseases could be augmented with drugs used for neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases, respectively, among them some which modulate or augment autophagy.
Naturalistic decision making in after‐action review meetings: The implementation of and learning from post‐fall huddles
Authors: Reiter‐Palmon Roni , Kennel Victoria , Allen Joseph A. , Jones Katherine J. , Skinner Anne M. 
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to add to our understanding of naturalistic decision making (NDM) in health care and how after‐action reviews (AARs) can be utilized as a learning tool to reduce errors. The study focused on the implementation of a specific form of AAR, a post‐fall huddle, to learn from errors and reduce patient falls. Utilizing 17 hospitals that participated in this effort, information was collected on 226 falls over a period of 16 months. The findings suggested that the use of self‐guided post‐fall huddles increased over the time of the project, indicating adoption of the process. Additionally, the results indicate that the types of errors identified as contributing to the patient fall changed, with a reduction in task and coordination errors over time. Finally, the proportion of falls with less adverse effects (such as non‐injurious falls) increased during the project time period. The results of this study fill a void in the NDM and AAR literature, evaluating the role of NDM in health care specifically related to learning from errors. Over time, self‐guided AARs can be useful for some aspects of learning from errors.Practitioner points

Team effectiveness can increase by as much as 20% with the effective use after‐action reviews.

A self‐guided after‐action review tool can be implemented and increase in use over time for some organizations.

After‐action reviews appear to improve the detection of certain types of errors, thus generally improving organizational operations and future decision making.
Far‐Field Atrial Sensing by the Left Ventricular Channel of a Biventricular Device
Authors: BAROLD S. SERGE , KUCHER ANDREAS 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe left ventricular (LV) channel of Biotronik biventricular devices used for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is designed with the capability of sensing via the LV lead. Therefore a displaced LV lead in a coronary vein could sense far‐field atrial signals and interfere with CRT.MethodsThe Biotronik troubleshooting archives containing data of approximately 700 transvenous CRT‐D cases (D = defibrillator) were examined for atrial far‐field sensing by the LV channel. We selected three cases from the archives to demonstrate the typical features of LV sensing of far‐field atrial activity.ResultsWe found 3 typical cases of far‐field atrial sensing by the LV channel. The LV lead was displaced in 2 cases and possibly in the third patient. Two cases exhibited short intervals between LV sensed events (LVs–LVs = 207–218 ms), a finding typical of this form of far‐field atrial sensing by an LV lead. In the third case, short LVs–LVs intervals were not observed because spontaneous LV activation failed to generate an LVs marker (corresponding with the terminal LVs marker in a short LVs–LVs interval). LV activity was unsensed during the blanking period of the LV upper rate interval initiated by the first LVs that actually generated by far‐field oversensing. This response was also observed intermittently in a patient who presented with short LVs–LVs intervals.ConclusionsFar‐field atrial oversensing by the LV channel of a CRT‐D device occurs mostly with LV lead displacement. The diagnosis is important because it interferes with the delivery of therapeutic CRT but it is not life‐threatening. Oversensing can be easily corrected by simple reprogramming of the device or LV lead repositioning if there is high LV pacing threshold.