bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senescence‐associated superoxide dismutase influences mitochondrial gene expression in budding tunicates
Authors: Kawamura Kaz , Sunanaga Takeshi 
Published: May 2013

A recent study has shown that in the budding tunicate Polyandrocarpa misakiensis, the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) dramatically attenuates the gene activity during senescence. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the attenuation of gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) in aged zooids. By RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization, Cu/Zn‐SOD (SOD1) was found to be expressed in most cells and tissues of buds and juvenile zooids but showed a conspicuous decline in senescent adult zooids, except in the gonad tissue in which the cytoplasm of juvenile oocytes was stained heavily. This expression pattern of SOD1 was similar to that of COX1. In contrast to SOD1, Mn‐SOD (SOD2) was expressed constitutively in both somatic and germline tissues of buds, juvenile zooids, and senescent adult zooids. Knockdown of SOD1 by RNAi diminished the gene activity of not only SOD1 but also of COX1. The resultant zooids had transient deficiencies in growth and budding, and they recovered from these deficiencies approximately 1 month later. Our results indicate that in P. misakiensis, SOD1 is a senescence‐associated nuclear gene and that the experimental decline in SOD1 gene expression accompanies the attenuation of MRC gene activity. Although it is uncertain how SOD1 is downregulated during tunicate senescence, the decreased SOD1 activity could be one of the main causes of MRC gene attenuation during normal senescence.
Pathophysiological role of the renin–angiotensin system on erectile dysfunction
Authors: Fraga‐Silva Rodrigo A. , Montecucco Fabrizio , Mach François , Santos Robson A. S. , Stergiopulos Nikos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to play an active role within the erectile tissues. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the literature addressing the pathophysiological role of RAS on erectile function. Additionally, we update evidence on recent findings on the role of the Ang‐(1‐7) and Mas receptor on the erectile function and its therapeutic potential for treating erectile dysfunction (ED).Materials and methodsThis narrative review is based on the material searched and obtained via MEDLINE and PubMed up to November 2012. The search terms we used are ‘angiotensin, erectile dysfunction, renin, Mas receptor’ in combination with ‘pathophysiology, fibrosis, pathways’.ResultsThe levels of angiotensin (Ang) II, the main component of this system, are increased in the corpus cavernosum as compared to those found in the systemic circulation. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that an increased activity of Ang II via AT1 receptor might contribute to the development of ED, whereas the pharmacological blockage of Ang II/AT1 actions has beneficial effects on the erection. On the other hand, the heptapeptide Ang‐(1‐7), known as a major endogenous counter‐regulator of Ang II actions, favours penile erection via the activation of Mas receptor.ConclusionsAng‐(1‐7) and Mas receptor pathway might be considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ED.
Prognostic role of immunohistochemical analysis of 5 mc in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Poloni Antonella , Goteri Gaia , Zizzi Antonio , Serrani Federica , Trappolini Silvia , Costantini Benedetta , Mariani Marianna , Olivieri Attilio , Catarini Massimo , Centurioni Riccardo , Alesiani Francesco , Giantomassi Federica , Stramazzotti Daniela , Biagetti Simona , Alfonsi Simona , Berardinelli Eleonora , Leoni Pietro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAberrant DNA methylation at CpG islands within promoters is increasingly recognised as a common event in human cancers and has been associated with the silencing of important tumour suppressor genes. Epigenetic therapy using hypomethylating agents has demonstrated clinical effectiveness; the drugs azacitidine and decitabine have been approved for the treatment of MDS.MethodWe investigated the association between global DNA methylation and clinical outcome in MDS. We evaluated 134 MDS bone marrow trephine biopsies (BMTB) by immunohistochemistry and compared the results with those from an age‐matched group of normal BMTB. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin‐embedded sections using the anti‐5‐methylcytosine (5mc) antibody.ResultsOur results showed that the 5mc immunostaining score (M‐score) of patients with MDS was higher than those of normal controls and that overall survival significantly correlated with global DNA methylation, age and IPSS score. Therefore, we found that patients with high levels of methylation had a shorter median overall survival (OS) compared with patients with lower levels. These immunohistochemistry results were confirmed by analysing global DNA methylation on LINE‐1 sequences using the COBRA method and pyrosequencing.ConclusionThis study reports that global DNA methylation detected by immunohistochemistry predicts OS in MDS.
Towards a Conflict Theory of Recognition: On the Constitution of Relations of Recognition in Conflict
Authors: Bertram Georg W. , Celikates Robin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an understanding of recognition in terms of individuals’ capacity for conflict. Our goal is to overcome various shortcomings that can be found in both the positive and negative conceptions of recognition. We start by analyzing paradigmatic instances of such conceptions—namely, those put forward by Axel Honneth and Judith Butler. We do so in order to show how both positions are inadequate in their elaborations of recognition in an analogous way: Both fail to make intelligible the fundamental nexus between relations of recognition and individuals’ capacity for conflict. We then move on to reconsider aspects of Hegel's view of recognition—ones that, from our viewpoint, have been unjustly neglected in the debate about recognition: his focus on the constitution of relations of recognition in conflict and on the status of being an author of acts of recognition. On this basis, we then spell out in a more systematic way what we take to be a more convincing conception of recognition. This puts us in the position to gesture at some consequences of this conception in practical contexts, above all with regard to the justification, role and structure of political institutions..
Epidemiology of chronic inflammatory neuropathies in southeast England
Authors: Mahdi‐Rogers M. , Hughes R. A. C. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeThere is little information about the prevalence and disease burden of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and paraproteinaemic demyelinating neuropathy (PDN).MethodsMultiple sources were used to study the prevalence and clinical features of these diseases in a southeast England population of 3 557 352 people.ResultsThe crude prevalences were as follows: CIDP, 2.84 (95% CI 2.31–3.45); MMN, 0.53 (95% CI 0.32–0.83); and PDN, 1.04 (95% CI 0.73–1.43) per 100 000 population. All three diseases were more common in men than in women. The peak decade of onset was older in those with CIDP (70–79 years) and PDN (70–79 years) than in those with MMN (50–59 years). Disability was greater in CIDP and PDN, with median (range) overall neuropathy limitations scores of 4 (0–8) and 4 (1–6), respectively, than in MMN, with a score of 2 (1–5).ConclusionThe common forms of chronic inflammatory neuropathy cause a considerable disease burden in the community.
Rental Real Estate Ownership Prior to the Great Recession
Authors: Seay Martin , Carswell Andrew , Nielsen Robert , Palmer Lance 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was twofold: To provide an updated profile of rental real estate investors and to investigate household characteristics associated with investment in rental real estate prior to the Great Recession. Based on the Life Cycle Hypothesis of Savings, analyses were conducted using data from the 2004 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Multivariate results indicated that household net worth was the most significant correlate of rental real estate ownership. Controlling for demographic and economic factors, Black householders were more likely to own rental property than White householders, and householders aged 55–64 years were more likely to own rental property than householders aged 25–34 years Homeowners and those who were housing‐cost burdened on their primary homes were more likely to own rental property. The result showing that housing‐cost burdened homeowners were more likely to own rental real estate compared with those who were not housing‐cost burdened raises questions about overreliance on real estate as an investment prior to the Great Recession.
What cancer care providers need to know about CAM: the CAM‐Cancer project
Authors: Wider Barbara 
Published: May 2013

Abstract‘CAM‐Cancer’ is the name of a project entitled ‘Concerted Action for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Assessment in the Cancer Field’ (CAM‐Cancer). The CAM‐Cancer website (<http://www.cam‐cancer.org>) is an open‐access information resource on CAM for cancer. It provides synthesised evidence‐based information for healthcare professionals drawing on the current research status of the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of CAM for cancer. The information is presented as ‘CAM‐summaries’, which are short and concise documents presenting background information as well as an appraisal of the evidence of efficacy and safety. CAM‐summaries are peer‐reviewed and annually updated. The fully documented and published methodology ensures that CAM‐summaries are written in an independent and non‐judgemental way to maximise their use amongst health professionals. The project is led by an international panel of experts in cancer care and/or CAM research, and supported by a wide network of professionals and cancer organisations. Originally funded by the European Commission within the Fifth Framework Programme, it is now managed by the National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NAFKAM) at the University of Tromsø, Norway. The project is entirely non‐profit and receives no commercial funding.
Microbial biogeochemistry of Boiling Springs Lake: a physically dynamic, oligotrophic, low‐pH geothermal ecosystem
Authors: Siering P. L. , Wolfe G. V. , Wilson M. S. , Yip A. N. , Carey C. M. , Wardman C. D. , Shapiro R. S. , Stedman K. M. , Kyle J. , Yuan T. , Van Nostrand J. D. , He Z. , Zhou J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBoiling Springs Lake (BSL) in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, is North America's largest hot spring, but little is known about the physical, chemical, and biological features of the system. Using a remotely operated vessel, we characterized the bathymetry and near‐surface temperatures at sub‐meter resolution. The majority of the 1.2 ha, pH 2.2 lake is 10 m deep and 50–52 °C, but temperatures reach 93 °C locally. We extracted DNA from water and sediments collected from warm (52 °C) and hot (73–83 °C) sites separated by 180 m. Gene clone libraries and functional gene microarray (GeoChip 3.0) were used to investigate the BSL community, and uptake of radiolabeled carbon sources was used to assess the relative importance of heterotrophic vs. autotrophic production. Microbial assemblages are similar in both sites despite the strong temperature differential, supporting observations of a dynamic, convectively mixed system. Bacteria in the Actinobacteria and Aquificales phyla are abundant in the water column, and Archaea distantly related to known taxa are abundant in sediments. The functional potential appears similar across a 5‐year time span, indicating a stable community with little inter‐annual variation, despite the documented seasonal temperature cycle. BSL water‐derived DNA contains genes for complete C, N, and S cycles, and low hybridization to probes for N and S oxidation suggests that reductive processes dominate. Many of the detected genes for these processes were from uncultivated bacteria, suggesting novel organisms are responsible for key ecosystem services. Selection imposed by low nutrients, low pH, and high temperature appear to result in low diversity and evenness of genes for key functions involved in C, N, and S cycling. Conversely, organic degradation genes appear to be functionally redundant, and the rapid assimilation of radiolabeled organic carbon into BSL cells suggests the importance of allochthonous C fueling heterotrophic production in the BSL C cycle.
Microclimatic challenges in global change biology
Authors: Potter Kristen A. , Arthur Woods H. , Pincebourde Sylvain 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite decades of work on climate change biology, the scientific community remains uncertain about where and when most species distributions will respond to altered climates. A major barrier is the spatial mismatch between the size of organisms and the scale at which climate data are collected and modeled. Using a meta‐analysis of published literature, we show that grid lengths in species distribution models are, on average, ca. 10 000‐fold larger than the animals they study, and ca. 1000‐fold larger than the plants they study. And the gap is even worse than these ratios indicate, as most work has focused on organisms that are significantly biased toward large size. This mismatch is problematic because organisms do not experience climate on coarse scales. Rather, they live in microclimates, which can be highly heterogeneous and strongly divergent from surrounding macroclimates. Bridging the spatial gap should be a high priority for research and will require gathering climate data at finer scales, developing better methods for downscaling environmental data to microclimates, and improving our statistical understanding of variation at finer scales. Interdisciplinary collaborations (including ecologists, engineers, climatologists, meteorologists, statisticians, and geographers) will be key to bridging the gap, and ultimately to providing scientifically grounded data and recommendations to conservation biologists and policy makers.
Does the prognosis of colorectal mucinous carcinoma depend upon the primary tumour site? Results from two independent databases
Authors: Gao Peng , Song Yong‐xi , Xu Ying‐ying , Sun Zhe , Sun Jing‐xu , Xu Hui‐mian , Wang Zhen‐ning 
Published: May 2013

AimsMucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC) is a commonly studied histological subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, the prognostic value of MUC remains unclear, particularly in patients stratified by the primary tumour site. We aimed to analyse the prognostic value of MUC in colorectal cancer.Methods and resultsWe utilized two independent data sets in this study: (i) the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data set, and (ii) the data set from a single Chinese institution (the Department of Surgical Oncology at the First Hospital of China Medical University). Patient survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and comparisons were performed using the log‐rank test. MUC occurred more frequently in patients who exhibited higher pT category, higher pN category, higher TNM stage, left‐sided colon cancer and higher histological grade. Based on the SEER data set, MUC was an independent negative survival indicator in rectal cancer (HR 1.125, 1.056–1.199; P < 0.001). While there was no significant association in left‐sided colon cancer (P > 1.000), MUC was an independent protective survival indicator in right‐sided colon cancer (HR 0.925, 0.888–0.962; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMUC was associated independently with poorer outcome for rectal cancer and was an independent protective survival indicator in right‐sided colon cancer. MUC exhibited a different outcome depending on tumour position for patients with colorectal cancer.
Osteosarcoma of the jaw: an analysis of a series of 74 cases
Authors: Paparella María Luisa , Olvi Liliana Graciela , Brandizzi Daniel , Keszler Alicia , Santini‐Araujo Eduardo , Cabrini Rómulo Luis 
Published: May 2013

AimsTo analyse a series of cases of osteosarcoma of the jaw.Methods and resultsThe study included 74 cases of osteosarcoma of the jaw. Their clinical, radiographic and histopathological features were analysed, and their frequency with respect to aggressive and malignant pathologies of the jaw was determined. Survival was assessed in 17 cases with available follow‐up. Osteosarcoma of the jaw accounted for 10% of primary malignant and aggressive tumours of the jaw, and for 8% of all malignant lesions of the jaw, including metastatic and lymphoproliferative tumours. The mean age was 43 ± 18 years. Radiographic features varied greatly and were non‐specific, with a predominance of mixed images. The dominant histological pattern was osteoblastic (48.4%), followed by chondroblastic (37.1%). The survival rate at 5 years was 68%. Females and patients with a predominantly chondroblastic pattern had lower survival rates.ConclusionsOsteosarcoma of the jaw was the most frequent primary malignant tumour of the jaw. Female gender and a predominantly chondroblastic pattern may be associated with a worse prognosis.
Molecularly targeted therapies for nonmelanoma skin cancers
Authors: Liu Lucinda S. , Colegio Oscar R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOver the past two decades, advances in the fields of cancer genetics and molecular biology have elucidated molecular pathways that cause numerous cutaneous malignancies. This in turn has spurred the rational design of molecularly targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways critical to the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers and the novel pharmacologic agents that target them. Included is a review of vismodegib for basal cell carcinoma, cetuximab for squamous cell carcinomas, imatinib for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and sirolimus for Kaposi's sarcoma.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Remittance Volatility: An Empirical Test
Authors: Jackman Mahalia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOver the last three decades, the world has witnessed an unparalleled rise in remittances. Given the scale, trend and potential impact of these flows, several researchers have focused on determining the factors influencing remittance behaviour. But, while several studies exist on the determinants of remittances at both the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels, the literature has been largely silent on the factors influencing remittance volatility. Using a panel of 93 countries, it is found that altruistic factors (such as the age dependency ratio and the standard of living), insurance motives (captured by economic shocks at home and natural disasters), portfolio variables (interest rate volatility and exchange rate volatility), the share of skilled migrants and economic volatility in the sending country all have significant impacts on remittance volatility. However, significant differences exist across the various country groupings. This may suggest that cross‐country studies based on average behavior can conceal differences in remittance behavior across regions and can even lead to erroneous conclusions.
Successful management of airway hemangioma with propranolol
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Varghese Bincy , Chander Ram , Parakh Ankit , Solanki Ravi S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAirway hemangiomas can be difficult to manage and cause anxiety in both the parents and the treating physician. Propranolol, a nonselective beta‐blocker, has recently been used for treating proliferating infantile hemangiomas. We report successful management of a proliferating, large, mixed infantile hemangioma with subglottic extension in an Indian infant using oral propranolol in a dose of 2mg/kg/day without any side effects. Induction of early involution and freedom from the side effects of steroid therapy seem encouraging for using propranolol as a first line treatment modality in the management of troublesome hemangiomas.
First reported case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Paecilomyces variotii
Authors: Vasudevan Biju , Hazra Nandita , Verma Rajesh , Srinivas Vadlamannati , Vijendran Pragasam , Badad Ambresh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundHyalohyphomycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection caused by saprophytes of genera such as Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium, Penicillium, Scopulariopsis Acremonium, and similar fungi. The literature includes only one previous report of Paecilomyces variotii human infection and very few reports of subcutaneous mycosis caused by any of the hyalohyphomycosis group of fungi.MethodsWe report an instance of fungal infection in a 50‐year‐old woman, known to have diabetes, who presented with multiple raised lesions on the upper back of two years' duration. Dermatological examination revealed a 20 × 22‐cm, swollen, indurated area on the upper back with multiple violaceous, exophytic nodules on the surface.ResultsMicroscopy from pus and tissue smear revealed septate branching fungi. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain was positive for fungal elements. Culture on three occasions yielded P. variotii. Slide culture mounts showed septate hyaline hyphae of P. variotii with elongated phialides demonstrating bulbous bases and tapering apices attached to the conidiophores. The patient was treated with itraconazole, to which she responded well.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. variotii. It appears that this relatively rare fungal pathogen may be starting to assert itself as an important cause of infection in humans.
Staff Expectations and Views of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Stenfert Kroese Biza , Jahoda Andrew , Pert Carol , Trower Peter , Dagnan Dave , Selkirk Mhairi 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe role of support workers and other professionals in the psychotherapeutic process has been commented upon but not as yet been systematically investigated.MethodTo explore their views and expectations of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for adults with intellectual disabilities, eleven paid support workers and professionals were recruited and interviewed before the CBT sessions commenced for their service users and nine took part in the second interview that took place after nine sessions.ResultsThematic Analysis of the interview transcripts indicates that staff members do not perceive CBT as a long‐term solution for psychological problems have little knowledge of CBT and do not feel included in the process. Nevertheless, after nine sessions, most participants reported improved psychological well‐being for their service users and expressed a wish for longer‐term involvement of the therapist.ConclusionsThe results suggest that for CBT to be effective in the longer term, the therapist is required to consider a wider systemic approach including staff training and supervision, staff and management consultancy and creating a delicate balance between confidentiality and sharing the psychological formulation with ‘significant others’ to ensure maintenance and generalisation of improved psychological well‐being.