bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Discharge Rates Using a Coupled Modeled Approach for the Merced River in Yosemite National Park
Authors: Shupe John , Potter Christopher 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study describes the application of the NASA version of the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model coupled with a surface hydrologic routing scheme previously called the Hydrological Routing Algorithm (HYDRA) to model monthly discharge rates from 2000 to 2007 on the Merced River drainage in Yosemite National Park, California. To assess CASA‐HYDRA's capability to estimate actual water flows in extreme precipitation years, the focus of this study is the 2007 water year, which was very dry, and the 2005 water year, which was a moderately wet year in the historical record. Prior to comparisons to gauge records, CASA‐HYDRA snowmelt algorithms were modified with equations from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Snowmelt‐Runoff Model (SRM), which has been designed to predict daily streamflow in mountain basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor. Results show that model predictions closely matched monthly flow rates at the Pohono Bridge gauge station (USGS#11266500), with R2 = 0.67 and Nash‐Sutcliffe (E) = 0.65. By subdividing the upper Merced River basin into subbasins with high spatial resolution in the gridded modeling approach, we were able to determine which biophysical characteristics in the Sierra differed to the largest degree in extreme low‐flow and high‐flow years. Average elevation and snowpack accumulation were found to be the most important explanatory variables to understand subbasin contributions to monthly discharge rates.
3D Cardiovascular Navigation System: Accuracy and Reduction in Radiation Exposure in Left Ventricular Lead Implant
Authors: VALDERRABANO MIGUEL , GREENBERG STEVEN , RAZAVI HEDI , MORE ROHAN , RYU KYUNGMOO , HEIST E. KEVIN 
Published: September 2013

Accurate 3D Navigation System for LV Lead ImplantIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy implants entail significant radiation exposure for patients and physicians. A novel 3D electromagnetic cardiovascular navigation system (MediGuide™) was designed to superimpose the real‐time location of sensors embedded in delivery tools on prerecorded coronary sinus (CS) venograms while adjusting for patient movement and variations in heart rate under different C‐arm angulations. We studied the accuracy and efficacy of MediGuide™ in reducing radiation exposure during LV lead implants.Methods and ResultsFluoroscopy durations and radiation exposures were measured in 6 canines undergoing both conventional and MediGuide™‐guided LV lead implants. The in vivo accuracy of MediGuide™ was evaluated by obtaining CS venograms at 3 different C‐arm angulations at 3 different heart rates and measuring the separation between the projected sensor icon of a MediGuide™ sensor‐enabled guidewire and the encompassing branch on prerecorded venograms.ResultsMediguide™‐guided implants resulted in significant reductions in fluoroscopy time (52 ± 120 [median 6] vs 129 ± 118 [median 90] sec, P < 0.001) and radiation exposure (13.8 ± 32.4 [median 1.7] vs 49.2 ± 45.3 [median 27.2] μGym2, P = 0.03) compared to conventional implants. LV lead delivery time was not significantly different between the 2 implant techniques (P = 0.27). The mean separation between the projected guidewire sensor icon and its encompassing branch was 0.48 ± 0.94 (median 0.00) mm. System accuracy was not affected by variations in heart rate or C‐arm angulations.ConclusionThe novel 3D cardiovascular navigation system enabled accurate and reliable tracking of sensor‐enabled tools at varying heart rates and C‐arm angulations with minimal need for fluoroscopy guidance, significantly reducing fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure.
Long‐lived high‐T, low‐P granulite facies metamorphism in the Arunta Region, central Australia
Authors: Morrissey L. J. , Hand M. , Raimondo T. , Kelsey D. E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn situ LA–ICP–MS U–Pb monazite geochronology from the Boothby Hills in the Aileron Province, central Australia, indicates that the region records more than 80 Ma of high‐T, low‐P (HTLP) anatectic conditions during the Early Mesoproterozoic. Monazite ages from granulite facies rocks and leucosomes span the interval 1576–1542 Ma. Pegmatites that overprint the regional gneissic fabric and are interpreted to record the last vestiges of melt crystallization give ages between 1523 and 1513 Ma. Calculated P–T pseudosections suggest peak metamorphic conditions in excess of 850 °C at 0.65–0.75 GPa. The retrograde evolution was characterized by a P–T path that involved minor decompression and then cooling, culminating with the development of andalusite. Integration of the geochronological data set with the inferred P–T path trajectory suggests that suprasolidus cooling must have been slow, in the order of 2.5–4 °C Ma−1. In addition, the retrograde P–T path trajectory suggests that HTLP conditions were generated within crust of relatively normal thickness. Despite the long duration over which anatectic conditions occurred, there is no evidence for external magmatic inputs or evidence that HTLP conditions were associated with long‐lived extension. Instead, it seems probable that the long‐lived HTLP metamorphism was driven to a significant extent by long‐lived conductive heating provided by high crustal heat production in voluminous pre‐metamorphic granitic rocks.
Robust suppression of env‐SHIV viremia in Macaca nemestrina by 3‐drug ART is independent of timing of initiation during chronic infection
Authors: Peterson Christopher W. , Younan Patrick , Polacino Patricia S. , Maurice Nicholas J. , Miller Hannah W. , Prlic Martin , Jerome Keith R. , Woolfrey Ann E. , Hu Shiu‐Lok , Kiem Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundNonhuman primates (NHPs) are an important model organism for studies of HIV pathogenesis and preclinical evaluation of anti‐HIV therapies. The successful translation of NHP‐derived data to clinically relevant anti‐HIV studies will require better understanding of the viral strains and NHP species used and their responses to existing antiretroviral therapies (ART).MethodsFive pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were productively infected with the SIV/HIV chimeric virus SHIV‐1157 ipd3N4 following intravenous challenge. After 8 or 27 weeks, ART (PMPA, FTC, raltegravir) was initiated. Viral load, T‐cell counts, and production of SHIV‐specific antibodies were monitored throughout the course of infection and ART.ResultsART led to a rapid and sustained decrease in plasma viral load. Suppression of plasma viremia by ART was independent of the timing of initiation during chronic infection.ConclusionsWe present a new NHP model of HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy, which should prove applicable to multiple clinically relevant anti‐HIV approaches.
Drosophila as a screening tool to study human neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Lenz Sarah , Karsten Peter , Schulz Jörg B. , Voigt Aaron 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn an aging society, research involving neurodegenerative disorders is of paramount importance. Over the past few years, research on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases has made tremendous progress. Experimental studies, however, rely mostly on transgenic animal models, preferentially using mice. Although experiments on mice have enormous advantages, they also have some inherent limitations, some of which can be overcome by the use of Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental animal. Among the major advantages of using the fly is its small genome, which can also be modified very easily. The fact that its genome lends itself to diverse alterations (e. g. mutagenesis, transposons) has made the fly a useful organism to perform large‐scale and genome‐wide screening approaches. This has opened up an entirely new field of experimental research aiming to elucidate genetic interactions and screen for modifiers of disease processes in vivo. Here, we provide a brief overview of how flies can be used to analyze molecular mechanisms underlying human neurodegenerative diseases.
Guided bone regeneration using acellular bovine pericardium in a rabbit mandibular model: in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies
Authors: Bai M. , Zhang T. , Ling T. , Zhou Z. , Xie H. , Zhang W. , Hu G. , Jiang C. , Li M. , Feng B. , Wu H. 
Published: September 2013

Background and ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of acellular bovine pericardium (BP) for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vitro and in vivo. The success of GBR relies on the fact that various cellular components possess different migration rates into the defect site and that a barrier membrane plays a significant role in these processes.Material and MethodsBP membrane was isolated and decellularized using an enzymatic method. The microarchitecture, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity and cell chemotaxis properties of the acellular BP were evaluated in vitro, and the in‐vivo efficacy of the acellular BP was also investigated in a rabbit mandibular model.ResultsThe acellular BP membrane possessed an interconnected fibrous structure. Glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment was efficient for enhancement of the mechanical properties of the acellular BP bur and resulted in negligible cytotoxicity. After 16 wk, standardized osseous defects created in the rabbit mandible, and covered with acellular BP, were associated with an enhanced deposition of mineralized tissue when compared with defects left to spontaneous healing.ConclusionGA‐treated acellular BP is promising as a barrier membrane for GBR for further in‐vivo and clinical studies.
Surgical Outcomes and Patients' Satisfaction with Suprapubic Phalloplasty
Authors: Terrier Jean-Étienne , Courtois Frédérique , Ruffion Alain , Morel Journel Nicolas 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Many techniques, specifically forearm free flap phalloplasty, are used in penile reconstructive surgery. Although satisfying, a major disadvantage is the large, stigmatizing scar on the donor site, which leads many patients to explore alternatives.

Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes and satisfaction of patients offered the choice between metaidioplasty, forearm free flap, and suprapubic phalloplasty.

Methods
Medical outcomes from the three-stage surgery were collected from the hospital files of 24 patients, who were also interviewed to assess their satisfaction, sexual function, and psychosexual well-being.

Main Outcome Measures
Medical complications, anthropometric measures, and interviewing questionnaire on satisfaction with appearance, sexual function, and psychological variables.

Results
Duration of surgery and of hospital stay was relatively short in the first (1 hour 30 minutes; 3 days) and last (1 hour 40 minutes; 3 days) stage of surgery involving tissue expansion and neophallus release. These two stages were associated with few complications (17% and 4% minor complications respectively, 12% additional complications with hospitalization for the first stage). The second stage involving tubing was associated with longer surgery and hospital stay (2 hour 15 minutes; 5 days) and had more complications (54% minor complications and 29% requiring hospitalization) although fewer than one-step surgery. No loss of neophallus was reported. Overall, 95% of patients were satisfied with their choice of phalloplasty, 95% with the appearance, 81% with the length (Mean = 12.83 cm), and 71% with the circumference (Mean = 10.83 cm) of their neophallus. Satisfactory appearance was significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.01) with penile length (r = 0.69) and diameter (r = 0.77). Sexual satisfaction was significantly correlated with penile diameter (r = 0.758), frequency of orgasm (r = 0.71), perceived importance of voiding while standing (r = 0.56), presurgery satisfaction with sexuality (r = 0.58), current masculine–feminine scale (r = 0.58), attractive–unattractive scale (r = 0.69), and happy–depressed scale (r = 0.63).

Conclusion
Suprapubic phalloplasty, despite the lack of urethroplasty, offers an interesting alternative for patients concerned with the stigmatizing scar on the donor site.
Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia Experience Clinically Significant Reductions in Pain Regardless of Treatment: Results from a 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Davis Seth N.P. , Bergeron Sophie , Binik Yitzchak M. , Lambert Bernard 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a prevalent genital pain syndrome that has been assumed to be chronic, with little spontaneous remission. Despite this assumption, there is a dearth of empirical evidence regarding the progression of PVD in a natural setting. Although many treatments are available, there is no single treatment that has demonstrated efficacy above others.

Aims
The aims of this secondary analysis of a prospective study were to (i) assess changes over a 2-year period in pain, depressive symptoms, and sexual outcomes in women with PVD; and (ii) examine changes based on treatment(s) type.

Methods
Participants completed questionnaire packages at Time 1 and a follow-up package 2 years later.

Main Outcome Measures
Visual analog scale of genital pain, Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, Female Sexual Function Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual intercourse attempts over the past month.

Results
Two hundred thirty-nine women with PVD completed both time one and two questionnaires. For the sample as a whole, there was significant improvement over 2 years on pain ratings, sexual satisfaction, sexual function, and depressive symptoms. The most commonly received treatments were physical therapy, sex/psychotherapy, and medical treatment, although 41.0% did not undergo any treatment. Women receiving no treatment also improved significantly on pain ratings. No single treatment type predicted better outcome for any variable except depressive symptoms, in which women who underwent surgery were more likely to improve.

Discussion
These results suggest that PVD may significantly reduce in severity over time. Participants demonstrated clinically significant pain improvement, even when they did not receive treatment. Furthermore, the only single treatment type predicting better outcomes was surgery, and only for depressive symptoms, accounting for only 2.3% of the variance. These data do not demonstrate the superiority of any one treatment and underscore the need to have control groups in PVD treatment trials, otherwise improvements may simply be the result of natural progression.
Vasa Nervorum in Rat Major Pelvic Ganglion are Innervated by Nitrergic Nerve Fibers
Authors: Beetson Karl A. , Smith Stephanie F. , Muneer Asif , Cameron Norman E. , Cotter Mary A. , Cellek Selim 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The vasa nervorum comprises a network of small diameter blood vessels that provide blood supply to nerves and ganglia. The cell bodies of autonomic nerves innervating the urogenital organs are housed in the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) in rats. The vasa nervorum of rat MPG have not been characterized previously, and it is not known whether these blood vessels are innervated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) containing nitrergic nerves.

Aim
To characterize the blood vessels in and around the rat MPG and to assess their nitrergic innervation.

Main Outcome Measures
Characterization of small blood vessels in and around the rat MPG and expression of nNOS in nerve fibers around those blood vessels.

Methods
MPG were obtained from healthy Sprague Dawley rats, fixed in paraformaldehyde, frozen and sectioned using a cryostat. The blood vessels and their nitrergic innervation were assessed with immunohistochemistry using antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin (smooth muscle marker), CD31 (endothelial marker), collagen IV (basal membrane marker) and nNOS. The immunofluorescence was imaged using a laser scanning confocal microscope.

Results
The neuronal cell bodies were contained within a capsule in the MPG. Blood vessels were observed within the capsule of the MPG as well as outside the capsule. The blood vessels inside the capsule were CD31-positive capillaries with no smooth muscle staining. Outside the capsule capillaries, arterioles and venules were observed. The extra-capsular arterioles and venules, but not the capillaries were innervated by nNOS-positive nerve fibers.

Conclusions
This study, to our knowledge, is the first to demonstrate the blood vessel distribution pattern and their nitrergic innervation in the rat MPG. While similar studies in human pelvic plexus are warranted, these results suggest that the blood flow in the MPG may be regulated by nitrergic nerve fibers and reveal a reciprocal relationship between nerves and blood vessels.
MicroRNA‐155 controls Toll‐like receptor 3‐ and hepatitis C virus‐induced immune responses in the liver
Authors: Jiang M. , Broering R. , Trippler M. , Wu J. , Zhang E. , Zhang X. , Gerken G. , Lu M. , Schlaak J. F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infections despite strong activation of the innate immune system through TLR3 and other sensors. Therefore, we analysed regulatory mechanisms of TLR3‐induced immune responses in nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs). Effects of Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) and immunoregulatory miR‐155 on poly I:C‐activated murine (C57BL/6) Kupffer cells (KC) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) were assessed in vitro. NPCs were assayed for inflammatory and antiviral cytokines and T‐cell (Balb/c)‐activating factors. Gene expression of miR‐155, IL‐10, TGF‐β and interferon sensitive genes (ISGs) in biopsies of patients with HCV was determined by qrt‐PCR. TLR3‐induced antiviral activity in murine NPCs was potently suppressed by IL‐10 and TGF‐β which correlated with decreased TLR3 expression and inhibition of NF‐κB and IRF‐3 activation. T‐cell activation, induced by TLR3‐activated NPCs, was also suppressed by IL‐10 and TGF‐β, which was associated with a down‐regulation of CD80 and CD86. Pretreatment with IL‐10 or TGF‐β suppressed TLR3‐induced miR‐155 expression, which itself positively regulated poly I:C‐mediated immune responses, thus counteracting IL‐10 or TGF‐β‐induced immunosuppression. In addition, hepatic expression of miR‐155 was elevated in chronically infected patients with HCV, was associated with an IL‐28B SNP (rs12979860) and was inversely correlated with HCV serum load and ISG expression levels. As miR‐155 is a key regulator of anti‐inflammatory mechanisms that control innate and adaptive hepatic immune responses during HCV infection, miR‐155 based therapies may represent a novel mechanism to control HCV in the future.
Gentlemen first? ‘Broken stick’ modelling reveals sex‐related homing decision date in migrating seabirds
Authors: Thiebot J.‐B. , Authier M. , Trathan P. N. , Bost C.‐A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTechnical progress in animal‐borne tracking and movement data analysis has facilitated the understanding of the interplay between successive periods in the life cycle of migratory animals. We investigated how sex differences on the constraints of homing may influence migration to breeding areas in crested penguins (genus Eudyptes). We used a novel approach to infer homing decision date, a precise point in time that translates statistically as a change point in the current distance of the animal to its colony (‘broken stick’ modelling approach, R codes provided here). We applied this approach to geolocation tracking data on migration in three Eudyptes species, from three localities in the southern Indian Ocean (five populations). Sex had a subtle and consistent influence on the temporal activity of the 66 animals during their migratory journey. Males began migration to the breeding localities earlier than females, by an average of 9.1 (range: 4.5–13.5) days. This difference was statistically significant in 4 of 5 populations, and occurred among all species, sites and years surveyed. Our study shows an original application of a recent modelling approach to detect change point in movement data. Our results suggest that sex‐specific constraints related to breeding in migrating animals may also modify activity schedules well before breeding commences.
Chondritic models of 4 Vesta: Implications for geochemical and geophysical properties
Authors: Toplis M. J. , Mizzon H. , Monnereau M. , Forni O. , McSween H. Y. , Mittlefehldt D. W. , McCoy T. J. , Prettyman T. H. , De Sanctis M. C. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSimple mass‐balance and thermodynamic constraints are used to illustrate the potential geochemical and geophysical diversity of a fully differentiated Vesta‐sized parent body with a eucrite crust (e.g., core size and density, crustal thickness). The results of this analysis are then combined with data from the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) meteorites and the Dawn mission to constrain Vesta's bulk composition. Twelve chondritic compositions are considered, comprising seven carbonaceous, three ordinary, and two enstatite chondrite groups. Our analysis excludesCIandLLcompositions as plausible Vesta analogs, as these are predicted to have a negative metal fraction. Second, theMELTSthermodynamic calculator is used to show that the enstatite chondrites, theCV,CKand L‐groups cannot produce Juvinas‐like liquids, and that even for the other groups, depletion in sodium is necessary to produce liquids of appropriate silica content. This conclusion is consistent with the documented volatile‐poor nature of eucrites. Furthermore, carbonaceous chondrites are predicted to have a mantle too rich in olivine to produce typical howardites and to have Fe/Mn ratios generally well in excess of those of theHEDs. On the other hand, an Na‐depleted H‐chondrite bulk composition is capable of producing Juvinas‐like liquids, has a mantle rich enough in pyroxene to produce abundant howardite/diogenite, and has a Fe/Mn ratio compatible with eucrites. In addition, its predicted bulk‐silicate density is within 100 kg m−3of solutions constrained by data of the Dawn mission. However, oxidation state and oxygen isotopes are not perfectly reproduced and it is deduced that bulk Vesta may contain approximately 25% of aCM‐like component. Values for the bulk‐silicate composition of Vesta and a preliminary phase diagram are proposed.
A Raman spectroscopic study of organic matter in interplanetary dust particles and meteorites using multiple wavelength laser excitation
Authors: Starkey N. A. , Franchi I. A. , Alexander C. M. O'D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was used to investigate insoluble organic matter (IOM) from a range of chondritic meteorites, and a suite of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). Three monochromatic excitation wavelengths (473 nm, 514 nm, 632 nm) were applied sequentially to assess variations in meteorite and IDP Raman peak parameters (carbon D and G bands) as a function of excitation wavelength (i.e., dispersion). Greatest dispersion occurs in CVs > OCs > CMs > CRs with type 3 chondrites compared at different excitation wavelengths displaying conformable relationships, in contrast to type 2 chondrites. These findings indicate homogeneity in the structural nature of type 3 chondrite IOM, while organic matter (OM) in type 2 chondrites appears to be inherently more heterogeneous. If type 2 and type 3 chondrite IOM shares a common source, then thermal metamorphism may have a homogenizing effect on the originally more heterogeneous OM. IDP Raman G bands fall on an extension of the trend displayed by chondrite IOM, with all IDPs having Raman parameters indicative of very disordered carbon, with almost no overlap with IOM. The dispersion effect displayed by IDPs is most similar to CMs for the G band, but intermediate between CMs and CRs for the D band. The existence of some overlapping Raman features in the IDPs and IOM indicates that their OM may share a common origin, but the IDPs preserve more pristine OM that may have been further disordered by ion irradiation. H, C, and N isotopic data for the IDPs reveal that the disordered carbon in IDPs corresponds with higher δ15N and lower δ13C.