bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Entrepreneurial Role of Lawyers: A service-dominant logic paradigm
Authors: Urbaniec Maria , Skąpska Elżbieta , Błaszczuk-Zawiła Marzenna 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThis article examines the roles of lawyers in entrepreneurship through the lens of service-dominant logic. Its aim is to understand how lawyers deal with the challenges of entrepreneurship while adhering to their core ethics and practice principles. The study reveals the factors that enable lawyers to effectively meet client needs.Material and methodsUsing an analytical approach, this study integrates the academic literature on service theory, behavioural economics and entrepreneurship. It evaluates the service relationship framework and the service-dominant logic paradigm to capture the entrepreneurial dimension of legal services. It takes into account rankings of Polish law firms and REGON register data for a comprehensive analysis.ResultsThe results of the study provide an understanding of the interplay between law and business by examining how lawyers deal with entrepreneurial challenges while maintaining ethical and professional standards. To this end, the factors that enable effective client service were identified, i.e. both tangible (business-related) and intangible (related to professional competence) factors. The analysis demonstrates the role of lawyers as proactive stakeholders in the evolving legal services market, rather than simply as administrators of legal processes. It highlights the shift towards a more entrepreneurial mindset in the legal profession.ConclusionsThe contribution of our analysis is a multidimensional exploration of the evolving role of lawyers in the context of entrepreneurship, based on service-dominant logic theory, which emphasises the need for adaptation and value co-creation in the legal community, enhancing the competitiveness and innovation of the legal profession. The article offers an innovative and interdisciplinary perspective on the lawyer as entrepreneur.
Individual, society and state – perspective of constructivism
Authors: Cebul Krzysztof 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe analyses presented in this article cover: 1) problems related to specificity of contemporary communication processes, determining conditions and influencing our ability to view reality; and 2) ambiguities of security culture facing contradictions arising in state-society-citizen relations.Material and methodsIn order to consider this dilemma, we need to define our starting point and adopt an anti-naturalist perspective, which assumes that the social world is socially constructed. Thus ways of perceiving reality are determined by contextual factors. In order to accomplish such research objective, we need to consider three issues: 1) first we will determine/indicate scopes of meaning and scopes of ties between meanings in the information security category; 2) then we will present, adopting a constructivism perspective, conditions, possibilities and limitations of perceiving reality by individuals; 3) finally, on this background, the author will present selected problems reflected in conditions of the state (the author will analyze the case of liberal democracy).ResultsIn the situation of overwhelming communication acceleration, individuals adjusting to the “rhythm” imposed by technology lose mindfulness and consequently the ability of perceiving reality in a critical way. In this situation, the state / the authority is presented with convenient opportunities of shaping reality according to the demand determined by particular interests. In this way the public sphere is appropriated, individuals are deluded by constructs / pretences giving them appearances of security.ConclusionsIn the situation described here the problem lies in the simultaneous necessity to ensure openness and transparency of the system through control mechanisms and to guarantee its protection and maintain its efficiency.
Contacts of people serving prison sentences during the COVID-19 pandemic with their families and loved ones
Authors: Klonowska Iwona , Walancik Karolina 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesContacts of persons serving prison terms with their family, relatives and friends allow the fulfillment of specific needs, constituting one of the most important penitentiary activities. These contacts carried out on a daily basis during the Covid 19 pandemic were limited and, in fact, impossible for some time.Material and methodsThe aim of the study was to diagnose prisoners in terms of their contacts with family and other close people (forms, frequency, assessment) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of the study formulated in this way obliged us to implement the project in a normative paradigm (Rubacha, 2011, p. 311). The research was conducted using the diagnostic survey method (Babbie, 2001, p. 268) using a questionnaire.ResultsThe research presented in the article is part of a research program relating to post-penitentiary assistance and social readaptation of people serving prison sentences.ConclusionsBefore the pandemic began, three out of four inmates used telephone contacts and approximately 2/3 of them used visits. Nearly half of the inmates pointed to the letters, and every fourth - to the Skype messenger. Let us add that before the pandemic, 11% of respondents did not use any forms of contact, 30% - used one of them (usually visits or telephone contact). 43% of all respondents used both telephone contacts and visits. The "other" answers included: "I didn't use it", "I wasn't imprisoned",
Ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Samoa 4.5 years after one round of triple-drug mass drug administration
Authors: Mayfield Helen J. , Sartorius Benn , Sheridan Sarah , Howlett Maddison , Martin Beatris Mario , Thomsen Robert , Tofaeono-Pifeleti Rossana , Viali Satupaitea , Graves Patricia M. , Lau Colleen L. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains a significant global issue. To eliminate LF as a public health problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). In certain scenarios, including when elimination targets have not been met with two-drug MDA, triple-drug MDA (using ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole) is recommended. In this study, we report on antigen (Ag) and microfilaria (Mf) prevalence in eight primary sampling units (PSUs) in Samoa 4.5 years after one round of triple-drug MDA.

Methodology
In 2023, community surveys were conducted in eight PSUs that had been surveyed previously in 2018 (between 1.5 and 3.5 months post triple-drug MDA) and 2019 (six to eight-months post triple-drug MDA). Fifteen houses were randomly selected in each PSU with household members aged ≥ 5 years invited to participate. Blood samples were tested for Ag and Mf.

Principal findings
Ag-positive participants were observed in six of the eight PSUs, and Ag prevalence was significantly above the 1% threshold in four PSUs. The presence of Mf-positive participants in five PSUs confirms the presence of residual active infections.

Conclusions/Significance
This study provides evidence of persistent LF transmission in Samoa 4.5 years after one round of triple-drug MDA, confirming that one round was insufficient for interruption of transmission in this setting. Our findings highlight the negative impact of delaying MDA rounds, for example, due to public health emergencies.
Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Services Questionnaire (PSPSQ) 2.0 into the Arabic language among people with diabetes
Authors: Albabtain Basmah , Paudyal Vibhu , Cheema Ejaz , Bawazeer Ghada , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Bahatheq Ahmed , Shuweihdi Farag , Hadi Muhammad Abdul 
Published: June 2024

Background
Understanding patient satisfaction is key to advancing pharmacy services and improving health outcomes. There is a lack of a translated and psychometrically validated tool in the Arabic language to measure patient satisfaction with pharmacy services.

Objective
To translate the English version of the PSPSQ 2.0 into Arabic language, culturally adapt, and verify its reliability and validity.

Setting
A community pharmacy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2021 and June 2022 among patients with diabetes attending a community pharmacy. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research good practice guidelines for linguistic translation and cultural adaptation were used to translate and culturally adapt the English version of PSPSQ 2.0 into Arabic. The Arabic version of PSPSQ 2.0 was subjected to factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation to evaluate its validity and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of PSPSQ 2.0.

Results
A total of 129 (68.2% male, and mean age 50 (SD: 11.9) years) patients with diabetes participated in the study. The analysis was undertaken for the items in each of the three domains of PSPSQ 2.0: quality of care, interprofessional relationship and overall care. Exploratory factor analysis revealed validity of 92.7%, 80.5% and 96.2%, respectively. The Arabic version of PSPSQ 2.0 had high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha scores 0.99, 0.95 and 0.98 for the three measured domains, respectively. The sample adequacy was 0.924.

Conclusion
The PSPSQ 2.0 was successfully translated and culturally adapted into the Arabic language and had acceptable validity and reliability to measure patient satisfaction with services provided by pharmacists in community pharmacies.
Therapeutic patient education programs on diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Iwelomen Omomene , Toniolo Jean , Preux Pierre-Marie , Beloni Pascale 
Published: June 2024

Background
Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with the potential for blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and lower limb amputations. The global prevalence of diabetes is rising, particularly in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region, where accessing treatment and antidiabetic drugs is complex, leading to challenges in managing the condition. Intentional and structured therapeutic education has demonstrated its ability to enhance health outcomes in diabetes patients. Given the numerous healthcare deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa, the authors have reevaluated the role of therapeutic patient education (TPE) in this context.

Methods
This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We queried four databases between March 14 and June 30, 2023 and conducted Cochrane’s Risk of Bias analysis on the included studies. Subsequently, a qualitative synthesis of the results was performed.

Results
The final analysis included thirteen studies. Seven of these, which assessed glycemic control, reported statistically significant results. Additionally, other clinical parameters such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and lipid levels also exhibited some significant improvements. Knowledge substantially increased following the intervention, while attitude, self-care practices, and medication adherence showed no significant improvements. Nurse-led and peer-led intervention programs produced positive outcomes, whereas technology-based intervention methods did not yield favorable results.

Conclusion
TPE programs in sub-Saharan Africa have a significant impact on both clinical and non-clinical outcomes in diabetes patients. However, the sustainability of these outcomes remains uncertain. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of TPE on diabetes patients.
An investigation into gender distributions in scholarly publications among dental faculty members in Iran
Authors: Sofi-Mahmudi Ahmad , Shamsoddin Erfan , DeTora Lisa M. , Bierer Barbara E. , Ekmekci Perihan Elif , Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Lii Ching Shan , Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto , Crawley Francis P. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Research on gender inequality is crucial as it unveils the pervasive disparities that persist across various domains, shedding light on societal imbalances and providing a foundation for informed policy-making.

Aim
To investigate gender differences in scientometric indices among faculty members in dental schools across Iran. This included overall data and speciality-specific data.

Methods
The publication profiles of academic staff in all dental schools were examined using the Iranian Scientometric Information Database (ISID, http://isid.research.ac.ir). Variables analyzed were working field, academic degree, the total number of papers, papers per year, total number of citations, percentage of self-citation, h-index, g-index, citations per paper, gender, university type, number of years publishing, proportion of international papers, first-author papers, and corresponding-author papers. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used to analyze the relationship between background characteristics and scientometric indicators. The extracted data were analyzed using R v4.0.1.

Results
The database included 1850 faculty members, of which about 60% (1104 of 1850) were women. Men (n = 746) had a higher number of papers (6583 vs. 6255) and citations (60410 vs. 39559) compared with women; 234 of the 376 faculty members with no papers were women. Almost half of the women (N = 517 of 1104) were in Type 2 universities, and nearly half of the men (N = 361 of the 746) were faculty members at Type 1 universities (Type 1 universities ranking higher than Type 2 and 3 universities). The medians of scientometric indices were higher in men, except for self-citation percentage (0 (IQR = 2) vs. 0 (IQR = 3), P = 0.083), international papers percentage (0 (IQR = 7.5) vs. 0 (IQR = 16.7), P<0.001). The proportion of corresponding-author papers was more than 62% higher in women (25 (IQR = 50) vs. 15.4 (IQR = 40), P<0.001). Men had a two-fold higher median h-index (2 (IQR = 4) vs. 1 (IQR = 3), P<0.001). Restorative dentistry and pediatric dentistry had the highest men-to-women ratios (1.5 for both). Dental materials and oral and maxillofacial surgery showed the lowest men-to-women ratios (0.42 and 0.5, respectively).

Conclusions
Women made up the majority of dental faculty members in Iran. Nevertheless, men showed better scientometric results in several significant indices. Having identified scientometric information reflecting differences across faculty members, further research is now needed to better understand the drivers of these differences.
Sivelestat improves acute lung injury by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Yaqing , Wang Haiyan , Liu Aiming , Pu Zunguo , Ji Qiuxia , Xu Jianhua , Xu Yuehua , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of sivelestat sodium on acute lung injury (AIL).

Methods
A rat model for ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was established. Pathological examination of lung tissue was conducted to assess lung injury. Blood gas in the arteries was measured using a blood analyzer. Changes in PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were carefully compared. ELISA assay was conducted to estimate cell adhesion and inflammation response. Finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay was used to determine the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Results
ARDS in vivo model was successfully constructed by LPS injection. Compared with the sham group, PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly lower in the vehicle group, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8 andTNF-αwere significantly increased. After treatment with different doses of sivelestat sodium, we found PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 were prominently increased, while the lung W/D ratio, the lung injury score, NE, VCAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α levels were decreased in the dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, compared with the vehicle group, the expression levels of Bax, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were significantly lower, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher after injection with sivelestat sodium.

Conclusion
Sivelestat sodium has an interventional effect on ALI in sepsis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
Demonstrating service delivery models for effective initiation and retention on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female bar workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A double randomized intervention study protocol
Authors: Chebet Joy J. , Akyoo Winfrida Onesmo , Goymann Hannah , Harling Guy , Barnhart Dale A. , Mosha Idda H. , Kamori Doreen Donald , Gandhi Monica , Mbunda Theodora , Kipeleka Judith , Sando David , Spiegelman Donna , Mpembeni Rose , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: June 2024

Background
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has demonstrated efficacy in preventing HIV infection. Female Bar Workers (FBWs) often act as informal sex workers, placing them at risk of HIV infection. Despite expressing interest in PrEP, FBWs face barriers to accessing public-sector clinics where PrEP is delivered. We developed a study to compare the effectiveness of workplace-based PrEP provision to standard-of-care facility-based provision for PrEP initiation, retention and adherence among FBWs.

Methods
In this double-randomized intervention study, FBWs aged 15 years and above will be screened, consented and initiated on PrEP (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil), and followed for six months. Participants will be randomized at the bar level and offered PrEP at their workplace or at a health facility. Those who are initiated will be independently individually randomized to either receive or not receive an omni-channel PrEP champion intervention (support from an experienced PrEP user) to improve PrEP adherence. We expect to screen 1,205 FBWs to enroll at least 160 HIV negative women in the study. Follow-up visits will be scheduled monthly. HIV testing will be performed at baseline, month 1, 4 and 6; and TDF testing at months 2 and 6. Primary outcomes for this trial are: (1) initiation on PrEP (proportion of those offered PrEP directly observed to initiate PrEP); and (2) adherence to PrEP (detectable urine TDF drug level at 6-months post-enrollment). The primary outcomes will be analyzed using Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analyses.

Discussion
Using a randomized trial design, we will evaluate two interventions aiming to reduce barriers to uptake and retention on PrEP among FBWs, a vulnerable population at risk of HIV acquisition and onward transmission. If these interventions prove effective in promoting PrEP among FBWs, they could assist in abating the HIV epidemic in Africa.

Trial registration
Registered with German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on 29 April 2020; Registration number DRKS00018101.
Prediction of final pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion and grade assessment in low-risk endometrial cancer patients: A Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary study
Authors: Jang Dong-hoon , Lee Hyun-Gyu , Lee Banghyun , Kang Sokbom , Kim Jong-Hyeok , Kim Byoung-Gie , Kim Jae-Weon , Kim Moon-Hong , Chen Xiaojun , No Jae Hong , Lee Jong-Min , Kim Jae-Hoon , Watari Hidemich , Kim Seok Mo , Kim Sung Hoon , Seong Seok Ju , Jeong Dae Hoon , Kim Yun Hwan 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) might be considered an option for reproductive patients with low-risk endometrial cancer (EC). On the other hand, the matching rates between preoperative assessment and postoperative pathology in low-risk EC patients are not high enough. We aimed to predict the postoperative pathology depending on preoperative myometrial invasion (MI) and grade in low-risk EC patients to help extend the current criteria for FST.

Methods/Materials
This ancillary study (KGOG 2015S) of Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group 2015, a prospective, multicenter study included patients with no MI or MI <1/2 on preoperative MRI and endometrioid adenocarcinoma and grade 1 or 2 on endometrial biopsy. Among the eligible patients, Groups 1–4 were defined with no MI and grade 1, no MI and grade 2, MI <1/2 and grade 1, and MI <1/2 and grade 2, respectively. New prediction models using machine learning were developed.

Results
Among 251 eligible patients, Groups 1–4 included 106, 41, 74, and 30 patients, respectively. The new prediction models showed superior prediction values to those from conventional analysis. In the new prediction models, the best NPV, sensitivity, and AUC of preoperative each group to predict postoperative each group were as follows: 87.2%, 71.6%, and 0.732 (Group 1); 97.6%, 78.6%, and 0.656 (Group 2); 71.3%, 78.6% and 0.588 (Group 3); 91.8%, 64.9%, and 0.676% (Group 4).

Conclusions
In low-risk EC patients, the prediction of postoperative pathology was ineffective, but the new prediction models provided a better prediction.
Non-kin caregivers of terminally ill people: Contributions, experiences, and needs: A protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Heckel Maria , Herbst Franziska A. 
Published: June 2024

Background
The role of non-kin caregivers, such as friends, neighbours, and acquaintances, in providing end-of-life care is significant but often overlooked in research and policy discussions. These caregivers provide extensive support for individuals in end-of-life care, in addition to or instead of family members. However, there is limited evidence in the literature regarding the experiences, burdens, and benefits of non-kin caregivers.

Aims
The aim of this research is to examine the role and contributions of non-kin caregivers in end-of-life care. The study intends to uncover their experiences, associated challenges, benefits, and requirements for support.

Methods
In order to achieve this objective, a mixed-methods approach will be employed, gathering data through structured questionnaires from approximately 150 non-kin caregivers and in-depth interviews with up to 25 participants. The questionnaires will measure the impact, burden, and benefits of caregiving. The Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, the Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale, the Family Inventory of Needs, the Positive Mental Health Scale, a Graphic Closeness Scale, and selected items of the Eurofamcare Common Assessment Tool for socio-demographic and caregiving-related data will be used. Quantitative data will be analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28 for descriptive analysis and group comparison. The objective of the qualitative in-depth interviews is to obtain a comprehensive picture of the personal experiences, motivations and support needs of members of the non-kin caregivers cohort, who are as heterogeneous as possible in terms of gender, socio-economic status, and facility with the German language. The qualitative data from the interviews will be examined using MAXQDA software, adopting a grounded theory approach for analysis.

Discussion
This research will develop a comprehensive framework that captures the nuanced experiences of non-kin caregivers at the end of life. The framework will identify areas where support for non-kin caregivers is lacking and where further research is needed.

Trial registration
The study was prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00033889; date of registration: 05 April 2024). The study is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number.