bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to focus on autoantigen-specific lymphocytes: a review on diagnosis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Ming Bingxia , Li Ling , Cai Shaozhe , Hu Ziwei , Gao Rongfen , Umehara Hisanori , Zhong Jixin , Zheng Fang , Dong Lingli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune epithelitis characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration against self-antigens leading to progressive glandular dysfunction, which can develop to multisystem manifestation. The classification criteria for SS emphasizes glandular lymphocyte infiltrates and anti-SSA/SSB seropositivity, which is usually manifested in advanced patients. Therapeutically, apart from symptomatic treatment, treatment of SS is based on glucocorticoids and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs with global immunosuppression, but the efficacy of biologic or targeted synthetic therapies is still sparse. Currently, emerging studies focus on autoantigen-specific immunotherapies to treat autoimmune disorders by directly eliminating autoreactive cell subsets and inducing tolerance by increasing the autoreactive regulatory lymphocytes. Herein, we summarize the current state of research on the autoantigen-specific approaches for detecting autoreactive lymphocytes and outline the current autoantigen-specific immunotherapies in other autoimmune disorders and their attempts in treatment of SS. Last, we discuss the potential value of focusing on autoantigen-specific lymphocytes in the early diagnosis, monitoring, and targeted treatment of SS.
Potential strategies for targeting autoreactive lymphocytes need to be confirmed in SS.
Solidago canadensis modifies microbial community and soil physicochemical properties through litter leachates and root exudates
Authors: Bo Yanwen , Liao Yali , Pawlett Mark , Akbar Rasheed , Girkin Nickolas , Sun Jianfan , Ali Amjad , Ahmad Naushad , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaoyan , Du Daolin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Invasive plant inputs alter soil microbial communities via chemical compounds in litter, root exudates, and leachate, impacting a range of soil processes, but precise effects are poorly understood. We examined Solidago canadensis, a common invasive species in China, and its litter effects on soil microbial communities under natural conditions. Experimental treatments included S. canadensis seedling density (1 and 2 plants/pot) and quantity of litter (10 and 20 g/pot), with control groups that contained no plants or litter. After 120 days, soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, GC-MS chemical composition, and bacterial community composition using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that S. canadensis seedlings and litter inputs increased soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and nitrogen (TN), while phosphorus and potassium remained unchanged. We identified 66 chemical compounds, predominantly ketones, alcohol, aldehyde, hydrocarbon, ester, acid, terpenoids, and alkaloids, associated with the presence of the invasive species, alongside shifts in dominant bacterial genera including Sphingomonas, Acidobacteriales, and Gemmatimonas. Rarer genera under the invasive treatment species, such as Candidatus, Rhodoplanes and Novosphingobium, correlated positively with soil TN, pH, and SOM. Collectively, our results demonstrate how the increased presence of allelochemicals from S. canadensis litter significantly impact soil properties and bacterial communities, and may therefore have implications for ecosystem dynamics.
Endogenous testosterone levels moderate the negative impact of gender-related discrimination on well-being among LGBTQ+ individuals
Authors: Chan Randolph C H , Lam Marcus Shengkai , Lau Way K W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have explored protective factors against gender minority stress among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQ+) individuals. However, many of these studies have relied on self-report data, which may limit the validity of their findings due to potential common method bias.

Aim
The present study seeks to understand the biological and psychological underpinnings of the stress-buffering mechanism among LGBTQ+ individuals, specifically examining the protective role of testosterone.

Methods
A total of 107 LGBTQ+ individuals completed a survey on gender-related discrimination, loneliness, and well-being. Additionally, they provided a saliva sample, which was used to derive their endogenous testosterone levels.

Outcomes
The main outcome was well-being, measured using the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index.

Results
The findings revealed that gender-related discrimination was associated with heightened levels of loneliness, which in turn were associated with reduced well-being. Testosterone levels significantly moderated the association between gender-related discrimination and well-being. Specifically, among individuals with higher levels of testosterone, the negative association between discrimination and well-being was not significant.

Clinical implications
These results suggest that higher levels of testosterone may protect against the psychological consequences of gender-related discrimination.

Strengths and limitations
This study represents a pioneering effort to gather empirical evidence on the protective role of testosterone among LGBTQ+ individuals, but it is unlikely that a single biomarker (testosterone) can fully capture the complexity of resilience. Understanding the biological and psychological foundations of minority stress necessitates the integration of multiple biological factors. Such an approach would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the stress-buffering mechanisms operating among LGBTQ+ individuals.

Conclusion
The study suggests that testosterone may play a significant role in reflecting and regulating the response to gender minority stress.
eFAST to OR: Determining the Quality of Paramedic Conduction and Interpretation of eFAST Exams in Prehospital Settings
Authors: Roberts Emily , Carboni Alexa , Miller Michael , Rosas Aleesa , Shelton Ryan , Peterson Jodi , Apfelbaum Jonathan , Toney Amanda , LaPorta Anthony , Gubler K Dean 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among young adults. Direct transport to the operating room has been associated with reduced mortality by minimizing treatment delays. The extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST) is a critical diagnostic tool in trauma care, identifying life-threatening conditions that may require urgent surgical intervention. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of eFAST performed by paramedics in a prehospital environment, comparing their interpretations to those of expert physicians. A retrospective observational cohort analysis was conducted on trauma cases (n = 64) attended by South Metro Fire Rescue from January to December 2022. Paramedics underwent comprehensive training in ultrasound use and interpretation before performing eFAST exams in transit to medical facilities. Exam findings were compared to interpretations by an expert ultrasonographer, with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values calculated. The cohort consisted primarily of males (63%), with a mean age of 46 years. The most common injury mechanism was motor vehicle crash (n = 20). Paramedic-conducted eFAST exams demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 95.8%. Positive and negative predictive values were 50% and 95.8%, respectively. False positives were largely due to difficulty in interpreting normal anatomy or identifying pathologies. Paramedics can reliably perform eFAST exams with high diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that prehospital eFAST could enhance trauma care by reducing time to surgical intervention. Future research should explore the integration of eFAST into prehospital protocols across diverse settings to improve trauma outcomes.
Musculoskeletal Care Within the Holistic Health and Fitness Team: A 12-month Retrospective Review
Authors: Szymanek Eliza , Jones Megan , Clark Ryan , Robertson Michael , Hatler Brian , Goss Don 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
People are the Army’s greatest strength and most valuable asset. The Holistic Health and Fitness (H2F) performance team was designed to optimize Soldiers’ individual performance potential and well-being by becoming stronger, faster, and more ready in the physical and nonphysical domains of health and wellness. The H2F team is a human performance readiness platform composed of a team of professionals to include: strength and conditioning specialists, dietitian, nutrition care technician, occupational therapist, certified occupational therapist assistant, cognitive performance specialist, certified athletic trainers (ATs), physical therapists, and physical therapy technician. In the military health care system, where resources are limited, it is important to consider the H2F musculoskeletal (MSK) team as an integral part of the military health care system.

Methods
For the 12-months analyzed, we tracked AT, physical therapy, and occupational therapy initial encounters, follow-ups, and rehabilitative treatment encounters. A retrospective analysis of ankle injuries, postoperative patients, and concussions was completed.

Results
During the 12-month period, a total of 946 initial AT, physical therapy, and occupational therapy evaluations were completed. Including follow-ups and rehabilitative treatments, a total of 4862 MSK medical encounters were completed during this time.

Discussion
The subanalysis comparing primary care manager-based care to H2F physical therapy and AT group for ankle injuries demonstrated a reduction in imaging, days on profile, and reduction in referral to specialty care. The subanalysis of postoperative MSK care within the H2F footprint demonstrates not only a 93% return to duty rate but minimizing lost duty time due to appointment location. For all 6 acute concussions identified, they were successful in Progressive Return to Activity, with an average of 4 occupational therapy visits and return to duty within 3 weeks of injury. Utilization of the H2F MSK care platform is essential to providing timely and efficient MSK care to return Soldiers to duty.

Conclusion
To optimize Soldiers lethality and maintain a high level of readiness during the challenges of multi-domain operations, the Army developed the H2F team. This description of MSK care within an H2F team describes the importance of utilizing the H2F MSK care team within the military health care system to reduce cost, health care utilization, and minimize duty time lost to MSK injuries.
Evaluating Nanopore Sequencing as a Respiratory Virus Diagnostic Tool for the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Reed Grace M , Strickland Amanda K , Mutchler Cameron T , Ochoa Anna R , Asin Susana N , Blackburn August N 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Upper respiratory tract infections are a strain on military that results in lost duty days and an overall reduced readiness of the force. Improved diagnostic testing would enable better force health protection measures and earlier treatment of illness. Lightweight portable devices are preferred for diagnostic testing in austere environments where they are sometimes needed during military deployment. Current diagnostic testing is targeted to specific pathogens despite multiple pathogens that present with similar symptoms. In practice the pathogens that cause upper respiratory tract infections often go unidentified, which could be improved using agnostic or semi-agnostic diagnostic testing. Here, we performed an evaluation of shotgun metagenomic sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) Rapid Sequencing Kit as a method for diagnostic testing of upper respiratory tract infections. This sequencing library preparation kit was chosen because of its ease of use and compatibility with the ONT MinION, a lightweight portable sequencer.

Materials and Methods
Samples from patients with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections were collected at Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center under an approved IRB protocol. Nasal rinse samples from 59 study participants were tested using the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 Panel as well as shotgun metagenomic sequencing using ONT Rapid Sequencing Kit and ONT R9.4.1 flow cells.

Results
A mixture of various viral pathogens was present among the 59 samples used in this study. We observed high specificity and modest sensitivity to detect the identified pathogens using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing detected additional pathogens that were missed by the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 Panel, which are discussed. Lastly, we observe modest evidence of nonuniformity of the proportion of reads belonging to the pathogen during the duration of sequencing runs, which has implications for improving sensitivity by increasing the amount of sequencing performed.

Conclusions
Overall, ONT Rapid Sequencing Kit combined with alignment to a known panel of pathogens has shown great potential utility in our hands for quickly and accurately identifying viral respiratory pathogens. This, combined with its ease of use and portability, makes it a great candidate for further research and development toward a deployable agnostic diagnostic testing platform.
Global 3D simulations of magnetospheric accretion – II. Hotspots, equilibrium torque, episodic wind, and mid-plane outflow
Authors: Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Global 3D magnetohydrodynamical simulations have been conducted to study magnetospheric accretion around stars with various spin rates. For slow rotators, characterized by a fastness parameter $\omega _{\mathrm s}\lesssim 0.78$, the disc’s inner edge at the magnetospheric truncation radius becomes unstable to the interchange instability, leading to intruding filaments which produce hotspots closer to the stellar equator. Depending on spin rate, slow rotators can be in ‘chaotic’ or ‘ordered’ unstable regimes. For fast rotators, the interchange instability is suppressed by the super-Keplerian rotation beyond the corotation radius, and hotspots are generated only through polar accretion. Low- and mid-energy flux hotspots cover $\lesssim 20~{{\rm per\,cent}}$ and $\lesssim 3~{{\rm per\,cent}}$ of the surface, with faster rotators tending to produce hotter spots. Beyond the truncation radius, angular momentum transfers from the disc surface to the mid-plane, resulting in surface accretion and mid-plane outflow. The mid-plane outflow may transport thermally processed materials (e.g. those in chondrites) to the outer disc. Field inflation generates episodic winds with mass-loss rates $\sim$1–40 per cent of the accretion rate, depending on stellar spin. Frequent magnetic reconnections lead to efficient star–disc coupling. We derive the torque exerted by the disc on the star as a function of stellar spin. For fast rotators/propellers, both spin-down torque and disc wind rate increase dramatically with stellar spin. The equilibrium spin state occurs at $\omega _{\mathrm s}\sim 0.7$, with wind/jet speeds ($\sim$500 km s−1) and mass-loss rates ($\sim 10~{{\rm per\,cent}}$ accretion rate) aligning with observations. Most results are insensitive to disc thickness. Finally, we present testable predictions for how observables vary with stellar spin.
The stellar mass composition of galaxy clusters and dependencies on dark matter halo properties
Authors: Montenegro-Taborda Daniel , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Manuwal Aditya , Cervantes-Sodi Bernardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze 700 clusters from the TNG300 hydrodynamical simulation (M200 ≥ 5 × 1013 M⊙ at z = 0) to examine the radial stellar mass distribution of their central objects, consisting of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the intracluster light (ICL). The BCG+ICL mass fraction weakly anticorrelates with M200, but strongly correlates with the concentration, c200, the assembly redshift, z50, and the mass gap between the most massive and the fourth more massive member, $\Delta M_{\ast ,\rm 4th}$. We explore different aperture radii to nominally separate the ICL from the BCG and calculate ICL fractions. For rap = 2r*, half, where r*, half is the radius containing half the BCG+ICL mass, the ICL fraction is nearly independent of M200, c200, and z50 with values $\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,ICL}$}/(\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,ICL}$}+\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,BCG}$})= 0.33\pm 0.03$. Including the stellar mass of the satellites, the fraction $\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,ICL}$}/(\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,ICL}$}+\mbox{$M_{\rm \ast ,BCG}$}+M_{\rm \ast ,sat})$ weakly anticorrelates with M200 and strongly correlates with c200, z50, and $\Delta M_{\ast ,\rm 4th}$, suggesting that in more concentrated/earlier assembled/more relaxed clusters more stellar mass is lost from the satellites (by tidal stripping, and mergers) in favour of the ICL and BCG. Indeed, we find that ex-situ stars dominate both in the BCG and ICL masses, with mergers contributing more to the BCG, while tidal stripping contributes more to the ICL. We find that the difference between the projected and 3D ICL fractions are only a few per cent and suggest using 2$r_{\rm \ast ,half}^{\rm 2D}$ to separate the ICL from the BCG in observed clusters.
Formation and evolution of binary black holes in N-body simulations of star clusters with up to two million stars
Authors: Barber Jordan , Antonini Fabio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding binary black hole (BBH) dynamics in dense star clusters is key to interpreting the gravitational wave detections by LIGO and Virgo. Here, we perform N-body simulations of star clusters, focusing on BBH formation mechanisms, dynamical evolution and merging properties. We explore a wide parameter space of initial conditions, with cluster masses ranging from 104 to 106 M⊙, densities from 103 to $10^{5}~\rm {M_{\odot }\, pc^{-3}}$, and up to 100% of massive stars in binaries. We show that most BBH mergers originate from the primordial binary population rather than being dynamically assembled, and that the evolution towards merger for most of these binaries is not significantly altered by dynamical encounters. As a result, the overall number of BBH mergers from the N-body simulations is nearly identical to that obtained when the same stellar population is evolved in isolation. Contrary to theoretical expectations, nearly all dynamically formed BBH mergers occur when the binary is still bound to its host cluster, with ≃ 90% of all dynamical mergers occurring within the cluster core region. In about half of these mergers the binary is part of a stable black hole-triple system. In one model, stellar mergers lead to the formation of a ≃ 200 M⊙ black hole, which then grows to ≃ 300 M⊙ through black hole mergers. Our study highlights the importance of detailed N-body simulations in capturing the evolution of black hole populations in dense clusters and challenges conclusions based on semi-analytical and Monte Carlo methods.
Particle acceleration and nonthermal emission at the intrabinary shock of spider pulsars. II: Fast-cooling simulations
Authors: Cortés Jorge , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spider pulsars are binary systems composed of a millisecond pulsar and a low-mass companion. Their X-ray emission, varying with orbital phase, originates from synchrotron radiation produced by high-energy electrons accelerated at the intrabinary shock. For fast-spinning pulsars in compact binary systems, the intrabinary shock emission occurs in the fast cooling regime. Using global two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the effect of synchrotron losses on the shock structure and the resulting emission, assuming that the pulsar wind is stronger than the companion wind (so, the shock wraps around the companion), as expected in black widows. We find that the shock opening angle gets narrower for greater losses; the lightcurve shows a more prominent double-peaked signature (with two peaks just before and after the pulsar eclipse) for stronger cooling; below the cooling frequency, the synchrotron spectrum displays a hard power-law range, consistent with X-ray observations.
Assessing the Dose of Regadenoson Required to Transiently Alter Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Patients with Infiltrating Gliomas
Authors: Grossman Stuart A , Romo Carlos G , Ye Xiaobu , Kral Brian , Strowd Roy E , Lesser Glenn , Raymond Catalina , Iacoboni Michaella , Desideri Serena , Fisher Joy , Danda Neeraja , Ellingson Benjamin M ,   ABTC
Published: February 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The blood brain barrier (BBB) severely limits delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Regadenoson, an FDA approved adenosine A2 agonist, transiently increases BBB permeability in rodents to a 70kDa dextran. This multi-institutional, NIH funded study examined regadenoson’s ability to transiently alter BBB permeability in patients with gliomas.

METHODS
Adults with supratentorial gliomas at low-risk for regadenoson complications were treated with one of seven dose levels known to be safe in humans. Successful BBB disruption was defined as 10-fold increase in vascular permeability (Ktrans) relative to historic benchmarks. This was assessed by dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion on MRI in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) changes in NAWM and non-enhancing tumor were also quantified using contrast enhanced T1 subtraction maps.

RESULTS
Seven patients &lt;45 years old with low grade gliomas were accrued before the study was prematurely closed. Regadenoson was well tolerated. Following regadenoson, Ktrans in NAWM did not reach the targeted Ktrans threshold (0.04 min-1). Normalized subtraction maps of contrast enhanced T1-weighted MR signal intensity in NAWM did increase an average of 74%±22% (p= 0.016) after regadenoson.

CONCLUSIONS
No dose of regadenoson significantly elevated Ktrans in NAWM. However, the subtraction maps suggest that regadenoson may lead to a measurable change in gadolinium flux. This coupled with strong pre-clinical data suggests further investigation is warranted. Non-invasive quantification of BBB permeability in patients is feasible and could evaluate different regadenoson schedules, combination therapies, and other approaches to modify BBB permeability which is critical to improving outcomes in patients with brain tumors.
Reemergence Memory of Subtropical Mode Water Links Atlantic and Pacific Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Wu Baolan , Lin Xiaopei , Yu Lisan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding how the ocean provides the memory for maintaining decadal to multidecadal variability is key to climate prediction. An important question is what process could provide the observed significant time-lag between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Here we show that the Pacific Ocean could store climate anomalies within the subtropical recirculation gyre for a decadal duration, providing a ‘seeding’ link between the AMO and the PDO. The AMO-induced multidecadal temperature anomalies in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are subducted into the thermocline and sequestered in the North Pacific subtropical mode water. These temperature anomalies propagate along the recirculation gyre and eventually re-join the Kuroshio one decade later. Once reemerged in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension region, the anomalies may engage with local air-sea feedbacks triggering the PDO. Our findings demonstrate that the mode water could provide a much-needed ocean memory for the prediction of multidecadal variability.