bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence That Pervasive Body Gaze Behavior in Heterosexual Men Is a Social Marker for Implicit, Physiological, and Explicit Sexual Assault Propensities
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , West Hannah , Craig Candice , Marns Lorna , McCue James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeliberate and effortful attempts to gaze at the bodies of women is emerging as a valuable marker of sexual objectification in men. Some preliminary evidence suggests that pervasive body gaze behavior may also accompany insidious attitudes which can facilitate sexual assault. The present study aimed to further explore this potential by examining pervasive body gaze associations with explicit, implicit, and physiological sexual assault propensity measures. We presented 110 heterosexual male participants with images of fully and partially dressed women with and without injuries while measuring their skin conductance responses. We also captured implicit and explicit sexual assault measures in addition to self-reported pervasive body gaze behavior. Pervasive body gaze behavior was significantly correlated with rape myth acceptance attitudes, prior perpetration of sexual assault, a stronger implicit association between erotica and aggression, and lower physiological reactivity during exposure to partially dressed injured women. These findings suggest that body gaze towards women could be a behavioral marker for inclinations to victim blame, preferences for rough sexual conduct, and a physiological desensitization towards female victims. This study further validates a five item self-reported body gaze measure as a valuable tool for detecting deviant sexual objectification attitudes and affective states. As such, measurement and observation of body gaze behavior could be useful for developing risk assessments, estimating intervention efficacy, and enhancing public awareness.
Research horizons for invasive marine species detection with eDNA/eRNA
Authors: Jarman Simon , Ackermann Fran , Marnane Michael , Berry Oliver , Bunce Michael , Dawkins Kathryn , Furlan Elise , Lukehurst Sherralee , McDonald Justin , Pochon Xavier , Wilkinson Shaun , Zaiko Anastasija , Harvey Euan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe global marine ecosystem is changing rapidly as the result of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure being altered by industrial civilization. Invasive marine species (IMS) are one of the most damaging regional consequences of human activity, and one of the most easily attributable to specific processes. This makes IMS introduction one of most tractable threats for management by appropriate policies. Once established, a different set of policies are required either to restrict IMS spread, or to attempt local eradication. The key ecosystem management tool for IMS damage mitigation is rapid, widely deployable IMS detection. Environmental Nucleic Acids (eNA), combining environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA) analyses, have emerged as valuable tools for sensitive, cost-effective and readily deployable detection of IMS. Methods for IMS detection by eNA are still being developed through a widespread and active research community, so identifying the limitations of current processes will help prioritise eNA-based IMS detection research. We analysed and synthesised the opinions of expert marine ecosystem managers and researchers in Australia and New Zealand about the knowledge gaps and research needs for eNA-based IMS detection. This synthesis was placed in context with current research literature on what eNA technologies are currently providing as an IMS management tool; what problems exist with the current technology; and what could be done to improve this general approach. Our analyses produced a list of priorities that chart a path towards the best possible systems for IMS detection by eNA.
Overt and Covert Participation in an Argumentative whole-class Discussion: Spread of Ideas about Quadratic Functions
Authors: Ofri Ofra , Tabach Michal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mathematical ideas are developed and spread during argumentative whole class discussions between a teacher and her students. The goal of the current study is to characterize how ideas about quadratic functions emerge and are spread during a whole-class discussion among ninth graders. To this end, we recorded both discussions between pairs of students and whole-class discussions led by the teacher. We used the approach of documenting collective activities as our methodological lens. The findings show that mathematical ideas about quadratic functions, like positive and negative range, increase and decrease range, minimum or maximum point, intersection with the axes, and more were spread in two parallel layers. Students participated in an overt layer in which they uttered their ideas in a public discussion. At the same time, they also uttered mathematical ideas privately with their peers in a covert layer. That is, whole-class discussions are not identical for all participants in that the covert layer turns these discussions into a unique experience.
Dependency Schemes in CDCL-Based QBF Solving: A Proof-Theoretic Study
Authors: Choudhury Abhimanyu , Mahajan Meena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Quantified Boolean Formulas QBFs, dependency schemes help to detect spurious or superfluous dependencies that are implied by the variable ordering in the quantifier prefix but are not essential for constructing countermodels. This detection can provably shorten refutations in specific proof systems, and is expected to speed up runs of QBF solvers. The proof system $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
recently defined by Beyersdorff and Boehm (LMCS 2023) abstracts the reasoning employed by QBF solvers based on conflict-driven clause-learning (CDCL) techniques. We show how to incorporate the use of dependency schemes into this proof system, either in a preprocessing phase, or in the propagations and clause learning, or both. We then show that when the reflexive resolution path dependency scheme $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

is used, a mixed picture emerges: the proof systems that add $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

to $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
in these three ways are not only incomparable with each other, but are also incomparable with the basic $$\texttt{QCDCL}$$
QCDCL
proof system that does not use $$\texttt{D}^{\texttt{rrs}}$$

D
rrs

at all, as well as with several other resolution-based QBF proof systems. A notable fact is that all our separations are achieved through QBFs with bounded quantifier alternation.
Using XGBoost and SHAP to explain citizens’ differences in policy support for reimposing COVID-19 measures in the Netherlands
Authors: Hernandez Jose Ignacio , van Cranenburgh Sander , de Bruin Marijn , Stok Marijn , Mouter Niek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeveral studies examined what drives citizens’ support for COVID-19 measures, but no works have addressed how the effects of these drivers are distributed at the individual level. Yet, if significant differences in support are present but not accounted for, policymakers’ interpretations could lead to misleading decisions. In this study, we use XGBoost, a supervised machine learning model, combined with SHAP (Shapley Additive eXplanations) to identify the factors associated with differences in policy support for COVID-19 measures and how such differences are distributed across different citizens and measures. We use secondary data from a Participatory Value Evaluation (PVE) experiment, in which 1,888 Dutch citizens answered which COVID-19 measures should be imposed under four risk scenarios. We identified considerable heterogeneity in citizens’ support for different COVID-19 measures regarding different age groups, the weight given to citizens’ opinions and the perceived risk of getting sick of COVID-19. Data analysis methods employed in previous studies do not reveal such heterogeneity of policy support. Policymakers can use our results to tailor measures further to increase support for specific citizens/measures.
A meta-analysis of the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and renal injury
Authors: Yang Linghong , Liu Bo , Zhao Feimin , Zhou Zhangning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To conduct a meta-analysis on the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and renal injury.

Methods
Literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase and Ovid-Medline databases between the date of database establishment and June 30th 2024. The keywords included obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, renal injury, and correlation. Two researchers 1st independently screened the titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria, then extracted the data and evaluated the quality, and used Review Manager 5.3 for data processing. All analysis methods were based on PRISMA.

Results
Finally, 8 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included, and the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and serum cystatin C was analyzed. The homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 98%), and from the meta-analysis results, it could be known that the level of serum cystatin C in sufferers with OSAS was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.96–1.28, P < 0.01). The relationship between OSAS and serum creatinine was analyzed, and homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 96%). From the meta analysis result, it could be known that the serum creatinine level of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.85 ~ 1.17, P < 0.01). The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with serum urea nitrogen was analyzed, and homogeneity test showed (P < 0.01, I2 = 91%). From the meta-analysis results, it could be known that serum urea nitrogen of OSAS was obviously greater than the control one (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 01.17 ~ 1.59, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Eight articles have been included to determine the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and renal injury, and it has been found that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is closely related to renal injury, and the two may be risk factors for each other.
Assessing current and future available resources to supply urban water demands using a high-resolution SWAT model coupled with recurrent neural networks and validated through the SIMPA model in karstic Mediterranean environments
Authors: Jodar-Abellan Antonio , Pardo Miguel Ángel , Asadollah Seyed Babak Haji Seyed , Bailey Ryan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrological simulation in karstic areas is a hard task due to the intrinsic intricacy of these environments and the common lack of data related to their geometry. Hydrological dynamics of karstic sites in Mediterranean semiarid regions are difficult to be modelled mathematically owing to the existence of short wet episodes and long dry periods. In this paper, the suitability of an open-source SWAT method was checked to estimate the comportment of a karstic catchment in a Mediterranean semiarid domain (southeast of Spain), which wet and dry periods were evaluated using box-whisker plots and self-developed wavelet test. A novel expression of the Nash–Sutcliffe index for arid areas (ANSE) was considered through the calibration and validation of SWAT. Both steps were completed with 20- and 10-year discharge records of stream (1996–2015 to calibrate the model as this period depicts minimum gaps and 1985–1995 to validate it). Further, SWAT assessments were made with records of groundwater discharge and relating SWAT outputs with the SIMPA method, the Spain’s national hydrological tool. These methods, along with recurrent neural network algorithms, were utilised to examine current and predicted water resources available to supply urban demands considering also groundwater abstractions from aquifers and the related exploitation index. According to the results, SWAT achieved a “very good” statistical performance (with ANSE of 0.96 and 0.78 in calibration and validation). Spatial distributions of the main hydrological processes, as surface runoff, evapotranspiration and aquifer recharge, were studied with SWAT and SIMPA obtaining similar results over the period with registers (1980–2016). During this period, the decreasing trend of rainfalls, characterised by short wet periods and long dry periods, has generated a progressive reduction of groundwater recharge. According to algorithms prediction (until 2050), this declining trend will continue reducing groundwater available to meet urban demands and increasing the exploitation index of aquifers. These results offer valuable information to authorities for assessing water accessibility and to provide water demands in karstic areas.
Impact of an expert-derived, quick hands-on tool on classifying pulmonary hypertension in chest computed tomography: a study on inexperienced readers using RAPID-CT-PH
Authors: Cereser Lorenzo , Zussino Gaia , Cicciò Carmelo , Tullio Annarita , Montanaro Chiara , Driussi Mauro , Di Poi Emma , Patruno Vincenzo , Zuiani Chiara , Girometti Rossano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To test the inter-reader agreement in classifying pulmonary hypertension (PH) on chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) between a consensus of two cardio-pulmonary-devoted radiologists (CRc) and inexperienced readers (radiology residents, RRs) when using a CECT-based quick hands-on tool built upon PH imaging literature, i.e., the “Rapid Access and Practical Information Digest on Computed Tomography for PH-RAPID-CT-PH”.

Material and methods
The observational study retrospectively included 60 PH patients who underwent CECT between 2015 and 2022. Four RRs independently reviewed all CECTs and classified each case into one of the five PH groups per the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines. While RR3 and RR4 (RAPID-CT-PH group) used RAPID-CT-PH, RR1 and RR2 (control group) did not. RAPID-CT-PH and control groups’ reports were compared with CRc using unweighted Cohen’s Kappa (k) statistics. RRs’ report completeness and reporting time were also compared using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test.

Results
The inter-reader agreement in classifying PH between the RAPID-CT-PH group and CRc was substantial (k = 0.75 for RR3 and k = 0.65 for RR4); while, it was only moderate for the control group (k = 0.57 for RR1 and k = 0.49 for RR2). Using RAPID-CT-PH resulted in significantly higher report completeness (all p < 0.0001) and significantly lower reporting time (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group.

Conclusion
RRs using RAPID-CT-PH showed a substantial agreement with CRc on CECT-based PH classification. RAPID-CT-PH improved report completeness and reduced reporting time. A quick hands-on tool for classifying PH on chest CECT may help inexperienced radiologists effectively contribute to the PH multidisciplinary team.
Beteiligung älterer Menschen im Forschungs‑ und Entwicklungsprozess von Gesundheitstechnologien
Authors: Pauls Alexander , Koppelin Frauke 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene Technologien für ältere Menschen entwickelt. Obwohl eine Beteiligung zur Verringerung digitaler Ungleichheiten in möglichst allen Phasen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses empfohlen wird, geschieht dies in der Praxis häufig unzureichend. Ziel war es, die Erfahrungen von Forschenden hinsichtlich der Beteiligung älterer Menschen zu analysieren. Neben Technologien sollten auch Zugangsstrategien sowie mögliche Barrieren erfragt werden.

Methode
Die Querschnitterhebung wurde mittels einer Online-Befragung zwischen April und Juni 2022 durchgeführt. Zur Verbreitung der Studie wurden verschiedene Ansprechpersonen als Multiplikator*innen aus Forschungsnetzwerken/-projekten, Kliniken, Forschungsinstituten und Autor*innen zu thematisch passenden Veröffentlichungen anhand definierter Kriterien mit unterschiedlichen Schlagwortkombinationen identifiziert und per E‑Mail angeschrieben. Zusätzlich wurde die Studie über relevante Fachgesellschaften verbreitet. Insgesamt wurden 1653 Personen angeschrieben. Das selbstentwickelte Instrument bestand aus 5 Themenbereichen. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv.

Ergebnisse
In die Analyse wurden 92 Fälle eingeschlossen (60,9 % weiblich; Alter 44,3 Jahre). Rückmeldungen kamen aus 11 Bundesländern. Die meisten Personen sind oder waren an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften tätig. Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen zielten häufig auf eine direkte Intervention ab. Ältere Menschen wurden überwiegend als Befragungsteilnehmende, am Ende des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses und in einzelnen Phasen beteiligt. Der Einsatz von Multiplikator*innen sowie die zielgruppenspezifische Ansprache wurden als erfolgreiche Strategien bewertet.

Diskussion
Trotz des geringen Rücklaufs haben verschiedene Disziplinen teilgenommen. Die Beteiligung älterer Menschen in allen Phasen wurde von knapp einem Viertel der Teilnehmenden umgesetzt. Es wurde eine Vielzahl von Zugangstrategien eingesetzt, aber auch auf Barrieren zu diesem Thema hingewiesen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse liefern erste Hinweise aus der Sicht der Forschung und Entwicklung in Deutschland. Um digitale Ungleichheiten bei älteren Menschen zu minimieren, ist eine aktive Beteiligung in allen Phasen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozesses von großer Bedeutung.
Effects of Direct Aging Heat Treatments on the Superelasticity of Nitinol Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Abrami Maria Beatrice , Tocci Marialaura , Brabazon Dermot , Cabibbo Marcello , Pola Annalisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the effects of short-time direct aging heat treatments on the mechanical properties and microstructure of additively manufactured Nitinol (NiTi) alloy. Cylindrical samples were produced through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), directly aged at different temperatures and compared to the solution annealed and aged conditions. Compression tests were carried out at room temperature both in cyclic mode at constant strain and incremental cyclic mode, to provide a comprehensive analysis on the superelastic features of NiTi after direct aging heat treatments. Furthermore, cyclic compression tests were performed at 37 °C to evaluate the superelastic effect at the body temperature and, therefore, the possibility to use these treatments for biomedical components. The effects of direct aging on the microstructure were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High cyclic stability and superelastic recovery up to 10 pct of deformation emerged for the direct aged alloys. The comparable results obtained with and without the solution treatment points out that this step was not necessary in reaching superelasticity, proving the effectiveness of direct aging.
Modeling and Comparison Study of Industrial AC-Arcs
Authors: Haraldsson Hákon Valur , Traustason Halldór , Tesfahunegn Yonatan A. , Tangstad Merete , Saevarsdottir Gudrun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectric arcs are a necessary heat source in many industrial processes that take place in Submerged Arc Furnaces (SAFs). Arcs exhibit non-linear electrical characteristics and behave in a complex manner. Therefore, an improved understanding of their behavior enables better control of furnace operation. Modeling of industrial arcs is a multiphysics process that involves simultaneously solving several coupled physical phenomena, such as electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer, including a radiative heat transfer from the plasma arc. Coupling fluid dynamics and electromagnetics is known as Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). For practical applications, however, there are also simpler approaches to arc modeling, either based on simplified physical principles or empirical behavior. In this paper, a combined Cassie–Mayr model (CMM) and a channel arc model (CAM) are implemented and coupled with a submerged arc furnace electrical circuit model. The complete circuit model parameters such as resistances and inductances are estimated using modeling of a full size furnace, and then, actual measurements from a SAF are used to validate the models by comparing current and voltage waveform. Both models are then used to estimate harmonic distortion in a SAF for different arc current ratios, which should help operators to estimate the arc current in real time thus be able to lower and raise the electrode to keep operating conditions constant.
Genome Editing Dilemma: Navigating Dual-Use Potential and Charting the Path Forward
Authors: Badea Ana Ruxandra , Feeney Oliver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContemporary genome editing techniques have made genomic intervention—from microorganism to human—more accessible, easier to use, and more accurate than previous methods. We argue that, notwithstanding its merits in treating and preventing disease in humans, genome editing represents a potential threat for domestic and international security, requiring an integrated approach in regulating, detecting, preventing, and mitigating the risk of its use for malicious purposes. Despite the global regulatory ambitions of the 2021 WHO framework, we see insufficient attention given to the future prospect of dual-use genomic technology. Drawing parallels with the nuclear field, we suggest tentative practical steps for a way forward in dealing with genome editing technologies, such as: 1) adapting national (bio)security and defence strategies to include genome editing as a possible threat (with conceivable WMD potential); 2) enhancing the international dialogue on genome editing and raising the issue at the highest level; 3) working towards a global, legally binding verification mechanism; 4) tracking genome editing technologies.
Prevalence and determinants of sleep problems in cancer survivors compared to a normative population: a PROFILES registry study
Authors: David Charles , Beijer Sandra , Mols Floortje , Oerlemans Simone , Husson Olga , Weijenberg Matty P , Ezendam Nicole PM 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To (1) identify the prevalence of sleep problems in cancer survivors across cancer types and survivorship durations compared to a normative population and (2) determine demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and psychosocial determinants.

Method
Cancer survivors diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 (N = 6736) and an age- and sex-matched normative cohort (n = 415) completed the single sleep item of the EORTC QLQ-C30: Have you had trouble sleeping? Participants who responded with “quite a bit”/ “very much” were categorized as poor sleepers. A hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was used to identify determinants of sleep problems.

Result
The prevalence of sleep problems was higher in cancer survivors (17%) compared to the normative population (11%) (p < 0.001), varied across cancer types (10–26%) and did not vary based on survivorship duration. The full model showed that survivors who were female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.26), overweight (AOR 1.50), had one (AOR 1.25) and ≥ 2 comorbidities (AOR 2.15), were former (AOR 1.30) and current (AOR 1.53) smokers and former alcohol drinkers (AOR 1.73), had a higher level of fatigue (AOR 1.05), anxiety (AOR 1.14), depression (AOR 1.11), and cognitive illness perceptions (AOR 1.02), had a higher odds for sleep problems. Higher education compared to lower education (AOR 0.67), having a partner (AOR 0.69), and obesity compared to normal BMI (AOR 0.86) were protective to sleep problems as well as high physical activity before adjusting for psychological factors (AOR 0.91).

Conclusion
Modifiable determinants of sleep problems include physical activity, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and illness perception.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Sleep problems after cancer deserve clinical attention. They may be improved by addressing modifiable lifestyle factors: increasing physical activity, stop smoking, and reducing alcohol consumption. As fatigue, depression, and illness perception seem related to sleep problems, lifestyle improvements may also improve these outcomes.