bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deprivation and faecal haemoglobin: implications for bowel cancer screening
Authors: Digby Jayne , McDonald Paula J , Strachan Judith A , Libby Gillian , Steele Robert JC , Fraser Callum G 
Published: May 2014

Objective To investigate the relationship between deprivation and faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb). Setting Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Methods A total of 66725 men and women, aged 50 to 74, were invited to provide a single sample for a faecal immunochemical test. Deprivation was estimated using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles: f-Hb was measured (OC-Sensor, Eiken, Japan) on 38439 participants. The relationship between deprivation quintiles and f-Hb was examined. Results Median age was 60 years, 53.6% women, with 14.1%, 19.7%, 17.7%, 25.9% and 22.6% in the lowest to the highest deprivation quintiles respectively. No detectable f-Hb was found in 51.9%, ranging from 45.5% in the most deprived up to 56.5% in the least deprived. As deprivation increased, f-Hb increased (p < 0.0001). This trend remained controlling for sex and age (p < 0.001). Participants in the most deprived quintile were more likely to have a f-Hb above a cut-off of 80 µg Hb/g faeces compared with the least deprived, independent of sex and age (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.37 to 2.11). Conclusions Deprivation and f-Hb are related. This has important implications for selection of cut-off f-Hb for screening programmes, and supports the inclusion of deprivation in risk-scoring systems.
Supporting Family Caregivers With Palliative Symptom Management
Authors: Rosenberg John P. , Bullen Tracey , Maher Kate 
Published: May 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to examine the experiences of family caregivers supporting a dying person in the home setting. In particular, it explores caregivers’ perceptions of receiving palliative care at home when supplied with an emergency medication kit (EMK). Results: Most family caregivers described preexisting medication management strategies that were unable to provide timely intervention in symptoms. The EMK was largely viewed as an effective strategy in providing timely symptom control and preventing readmission to inpatient care. Caregivers reported varying levels of confidence in the administration of medication. Conclusion: The provision of an EMK is an effective strategy for improving symptom control and preventing inpatient admissions of home-dwelling palliative care patients.
The Role of Swift Trust in Virtual Teams and Implications for Human Resource Development
Authors: Germain Marie-Line , McGuire David 
Published: May 2014

The Problem The combination of flatter organizational structures, globalization, cost-saving initiatives, and the increased emphasis on knowledge sharing has been a contributor to the use of virtual teams in U.S. organizations. The Solution To perform efficiently in a virtual environment, team members must develop swift trust, which does not come inherently with team membership. Understanding the individual, team, organizational, and technological barriers affecting the development of swift trust is critical to an appreciation of how such barriers can be overcome. The Stakeholders In this article, we indicate how virtual human resource development (VHRD) can assist virtual teams, managers, and HR professionals overcome swift trust development barriers. The intended audience for this article includes HRD scholars, scholar-practitioners, practitioners, and students interested in understanding how trust is fostered in virtual teams and how HRD practitioners can make a valuable contribution to the effectiveness of virtual teams.
Successful pregnancy outcome in a woman with Turner’s syndrome
Authors: Church E , Bellis A , O’Connell I , Naqvi N 
Published: May 2014

Women with Turner’s syndrome have a high incidence of cardiovascular complications, endocrine and hypertensive disorders. Those with the 45X chromosome complement require oocyte donation and in vitro fertilisation to conceive. Pregnancies in such women are challenging to manage due to the high risk of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, impaired glucose tolerance, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Women also need to be aware of the significant risk of aortic dilatation, dissection or rupture in pregnancy, which may be fatal. Despite these risks, favourable obstetric outcomes are achievable with careful pre-pregnancy counselling and cardiovascular assessment, intensive multidisciplinary antenatal monitoring and individualised delivery planning. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with Turner’s syndrome, pre-existing hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes and primary hypoparathyroidism who had a successful pregnancy with good maternal and fetal outcomes despite the complexity of her medical conditions.
Olecranon bursitis: a systematic overview
Authors: Blackwell John R , Hay Bruce A , Bolt Alexander M , Hay Stuart M 
Published: May 2014

Background Olecranon bursitis is a common condition where the bursal cavity, superficial to the olecranon, becomes inflamed. This can occur either with or without infection and has been given pseudonyms relating to the repeated minor trauma from external pressure that often predisposes. As a result of the multiple aetiologies, olecranon bursitis can present to any medical specialty with reasonable frequency and, although many therapies are described, a single, evidence-based and standardized treatment pathway is not well described. Methods We summarize the key points within the literature and subsequently propose an evidence-based treatment pathway. Results Relevant evidence is presented from appropriate publications to add rational to existing decision-making processes, together with personal experience and suggested operative bursectomy techniques from an established upper limb surgeon. The common and significant aetiologies are summarized and, in particular, red flag symptoms are highlighted by way of warning to the unsuspecting investigator. Conclusions The conclusion is provided in diagrammatic form, providing a suggested treatment pathway from history and examination through to operative intervention.
Mapping hematopoiesis in a fully regenerative vertebrate: the axolotl
Authors: Lopez David , Lin Li , Monaghan James R. , Cogle Christopher R. , Bova Frank J. , Maden Malcolm , Scott Edward W. 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsEstablishing HSC transplantation and assay methods for the axolotl. Axolotl sites of hematopoiesis are the spleen and liver.
Measurement precision and biological variation of cranial arteries using automated analysis of 3 T magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Amin Faisal Mohammad , Lundholm Elisabet , Hougaard Anders , Arngrim Nanna , Wiinberg Linda , de Koning Patrick JH , Larsson Henrik BW , Ashina Messoud 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Non-invasive magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has facilitated repeated measurements of human cranial arteries in several headache and migraine studies. To ensure comparability across studies the same automated analysis software has been used, but the intra- and interobserver, day-to-day and side-to-side variations have not yet been published. We hypothesised that the observer related, side-to-side, and day-to-day variations would be less than 10%.

Methods
Ten female participants were studied using high-resolution MRA on two study days separated by at least one week. Using the automated LKEB-MRA vessel wall analysis software arterial circumferences were measured by blinded observers. Each artery was analysed twice by each of the two different observers. The primary endpoints were to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and intra- an inter-observer, the day-to-day, and side-to-side variations of the circumference of the middle meningeal (MMA) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries.

Results
We found an excellent intra- and interobserver agreement for the MMA (ICC: 0.909-0.987) and for the MCA (ICC: 0.876-0.949). The coefficient of variance within observers was ≤1.8% for MMA and ≤3.1% for MCA; between observers ≤3.4% (MMA) and ≤4.1% (MCA); between days ≤6.0% (MMA) and ≤8.0% (MCA); between sides ≤9.4% (MMA) and ≤6.5% (MCA).

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates a low (<5%) inter- and intraobserver variation using the automated LKEB-MRA vessel wall analysis software. Furthermore, the study also suggests that the day-to-day and side-to-side variations of the MMA and MCA circumferences are less than 10%.
Polygonum viviparum L. induces vasorelaxation in the rat thoracic aorta via activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells
Authors: Chang Ming-Long , Chang Jung-Su , Yu Wen-Yu , Cheah Khoot-Peng , Li Joe-Sharg , Cheng Hui-Wen , Hu Chien-Ming 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
In the past several decades, Polygonum viviparum L. (PV) was reported to have antibacterial, antiulcer, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiarthritic properties. The anti-inflammatory pathway was recently elucidated through cytosolic nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression. PV is a perennial herb and widely distributed in high-elevation mountain regions, such as the Tibetan Plateau. In Tibetan traditional medicine, PV is usually used to boost the blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis. Therefore, this study focused on how PV improves the vascular circulation and acts on vascular tissues.

Methods
In this study, we isolated aortas from Sprague-Dawley rats (male, weight about 250 ~ 350 g), and detected the effects of PV on phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction and cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) formation using aortic rings. In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to exam nitric oxygen (NO) synthase (NOS) activity by directly measuring NO production in the culture medium. Endothelial (e) NOS phosphorylation, and cytosolic Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were measured using a Western blot analysis.

Results
PV dose-dependently relaxed PE-induced contractions in endothelial-intact but not -denuded aorta. The concentration to produce 50% relaxation was 22.04 ± 1.77 μg/ml. PV-induced vasorelaxation was markedly blocked by pretreatment with N
G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NOS inhibitor, methylene blue (MB), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, and hemoglobin, an NO scavenger. PV increased cGMP formation; however, this effect was also suppressed by co-pretreatment with l-NAME, MB, hemoglobin, and Ca2+-free medium. In HUVECs, PV increased NO formation, which was greatly attenuated by NOS inhibitors (L-NAME and L-NMMA) and by removing extracellular Ca2+ and chelating intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM. In addition, PV promoted eNOS phosphorylation, Nrf2 degradation, and HO-1 protein expression according to a Western blot analysis.

Conclusions
The results suggest that PV possesses vasorelaxing action in an endothelium-dependent manner and works through activating Ca2+/calmodulin- dependent NO synthesis; when NO is released and then transferred to smooth muscle cells, NO activates guanylyl cyclase and increases cGMP formation, ultimately resulting in vasorelaxation. Thus, PV can be considered for application as a potential therapeutic approach for vascular-associated disorders.
Quality of reporting on randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Zhuang Lixing , He Jun , Zhuang Xun , Lu Liming 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Results from clinical studies on acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation are contradictory. The reason for the inconsistent findings especially lie in the transparency and accuracy of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reports. This study aims to analyze the quality of reporting and its correlates in RCTs on acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation.

Methods
Quality of reporting for included papers was assessed against a subset of criteria adapted from the CONSORT 2010 statement and STRICTA. An overall quality score (OQS) and a combined key methodological index score (MIS) was calculated for each trial. Then, factors associated with OQS and MIS were identified.

Results
A total of 15 RCTs were included in full text. The median OQS based on the CONSORT statement and STRICTA was 8 and 12, respectively. The significant predictors for CONSORT OQS was funding source, for STRICTA was year of publication. With regard to the MIS, no variable was associated with improved methodological quality.

Conclusions
Our study found that the overall quality of reporting on RCTs of acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation was general or good. But some items’ reporting was found where information was insufficient or inadequate in most studies which needed substantial improvement.
Clinical implications of AGBL2 expression and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ren Yuan , Pang Deyan , Liu Caigang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
We investigated the expression status of AGBL2 and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer.

Methods
CD44+/CD24- tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. AGBL2 expression status was detected in CSC and 126 breast cancer specimens by western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between the AGBL2 protein and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined.

Result
As a result, CSC are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice (NOD/SCID) compared to the control group. The AGBL2 protein was expressed higher in CSC induced to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when compared to the control cells, and was found to be related to CSC chemotherapy resistance. After Spearman regression correlation analysis, AGBL2 was observed to be related to clinical stage, histological stage, and lymph node metastasis. In the Cox regression test, the AGBL2 protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor. Through immunoprecipitation, AGBL2 and latexin could form immune complexes.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that AGBL2 is a latexin- interacting protein that regulates the tubulin tyrosination cycle and is a potential target for intervention.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and antibacterial property of silk fabrics treated by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Liu Yan , Gao Xiaoliang , Chen Yuyue 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A silver nanoparticle solution was prepared in one step by mixing AgNO3 and a multi-amino compound (RSD-NH2) solution under ambient condition. RSD-NH2 was in-house synthesized by methacrylate and polyethylene polyamine in methanol, which has abundant amino and imino groups. However, the characterization of silver nanoparticles indicated that these nanoparticles are easy to agglomerate in solution. Therefore, an in situ synthesis method of silver nanoparticles on the silk fabrics was developed. The examined results confirmed that the in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of fibers. The inhibition zone test and the antibacterial rate demonstrated that the finished fabrics have an excellent antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Moreover, the nanosilver-treated silk fabrics were laundered 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 times and still retained the exceptional antibacterial property. When the treated fabrics were washed 50 times, the antibacterial rate is more than 97.43% for S. aureus and 99.86% for E. coli. The excellent laundering durability may be attributed to the tight binding between silver nanoparticles and silk fibers through the in situ synthesis. This method provides an economic method to enhance the antibacterial capability of silk fabrics with good resistance to washings.
A biocompatible synthesis of gold nanoparticles by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Yanwei , Ma Jun , Yang Guangcan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles' novel properties are widely realized in catalysis, plasmonics, electronics, and biomedical applications. For biomedical application, one challenge is to find a non-toxic chemical and/or physical method of functionalizing gold nanoparticles with biomolecular compounds that can promote efficient binding, clearance, and biocompatibility and to assess their safety to other biological systems and their long-term effects on human health and reproduction. In the present study, we describe a new method by using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), a widely used buffer solvent of nucleic acid and proteins, as the reducing agent for synthesizing gold nanoparticles by one step. It is found that Tris carries out the reduction reactions in relatively mild conditions for biomacromolecules. Particularly, it can be used to modify the DNA during the process of preparation of gold nanoparticles. The morphology and size distribution of gold nanoparticles are consistent and were confirmed by many different approaches including dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Fabrication of ZnCoO nanowires and characterization of their magnetic properties
Authors: Kim Bum-Su , Lee Seunghun , Kim Won-Kyung , Park Ji-Hun , Cho Yong Chan , Kim Jungdae , Cho Chae Ryong , Jeong Se-Young 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Hydrogen-treated ZnCoO shows magnetic behavior, which is related to the formation of Co-H-Co complexes. However, it is not well known how the complexes are connected to each other and with what directional behavior they are ordered. In this point of view, ZnCoO nanowire is an ideal system for the study of the magnetic anisotropy. ZnCoO nanowire was fabricated by trioctylamine solution method under different ambient gases. We found that the oxidation of trioctylamine plays an essential role on the synthesis of high-quality ZnCoO nanowires. The hydrogen injection to ZnCoO nanowires induced ferromagnetism with larger magnetization than ZnCoO powders, while becoming paramagnetic after vacuum heat treatment. Strong ferromagnetism of nanowires can be explained by the percolation of Co-H-Co complexes along the c-axis.
Moisture barrier properties of thin organic-inorganic multilayers prepared by plasma-enhanced ALD and CVD in one reactor
Authors: Bülow Tim , Gargouri Hassan , Siebert Mirko , Rudolph Rolf , Johannes Hans-Hermann , Kowalsky Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A widely used application of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) methods is the preparation of permeation barrier layers against water vapour. Especially in the field of organic electronics, these films are highly demanded as such devices are very sensitive to moisture and oxygen. In this work, multilayers of aluminium oxide (AlO
x
) and plasma polymer (PP) were coated on polyethylene naphthalate substrates by plasma-enhanced ALD and plasma-enhanced CVD at 80â„ƒ in the same reactor, respectively. As precursor, trimethylaluminium was used together with oxygen radicals in order to prepare AlO
x
, and benzene served as precursor to deposit the PP. This hybrid structure allows the decoupling of defects between the single AlO
x
layers and extends the permeation path for water molecules towards the entire barrier film. Furthermore, the combination of two plasma techniques in a single reactor system enables short process times without vacuum breaks. Single aluminium oxide films by plasma-enhanced ALD were compared to thermally grown layers and showed a significantly better barrier performance. The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) was determined by means of electrical calcium tests. For a multilayer with 3.5 dyads of 25-nm AlO
x
and 125-nm PP, a WVTR of 1.2 × 10 −3 gm
−2
d
−1 at 60â„ƒ and 90% relative humidity could be observed.
Robust exponential stability analysis for delayed neural networks with time-varying delay
Authors: Xie Jing-Chen , Chen Chin-Pin , Liu Pin-Lin , Jeng Yoau-Chau 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper considers the problems of determining the robust exponential stability and estimating the exponential convergence rate for delayed neural networks with parametric uncertainties and time delay. The relationship among the time-varying delay, its upper bound, and their difference is taken into account. Theoretic analysis shows that our result includes a previous result derived in the literature. As illustrations, the results are applied to several concrete models studied in the literature, and a comparison of results is given.
Cinnarizine for the prophylaxis of migraine associated vertigo: a retrospective study
Authors: Taghdiri Foad , Togha Mansoureh , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh , Refaeian Farshid 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of cinnarizine for the prophylaxis of migraine associated vertigo in the vestibular migraine and migraine with brainstem aura.

Background
Vestibular migraine and migraine with brainstem aura are two principal clinical syndromes that frequently are associated with vertigo. Since cinnarizine is a well-tolerated calcium channel blocker which has acceptable effect on both vertigo and migraine headache, we carried out this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this medication in vestibular migraine and also migraine with brainstem aura associated with vertigo.

Methods
This was a retrospective, single-center, open-label, investigation of the effects of cinnarizine on vestibular migraine and migraine with associated with vertigo. We assessed the change in monthly frequency of vertigo and also frequency, duration and intensity of migraine attacks after one, two and three months of cinnarizine administration.

Results
The mean frequency of vertigo and also the mean frequency, duration and intensity of migraine headaches per month were reduced significantly after three months of cinnarizine therapy (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that cinnarizine is safe and effective in reducing both headache and vertigo aspects of “migraine plus vertigo” among the patients who suffer from either vestibular migraine or migraine with brainstem aura associated with vertigo.
Levels of cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein oligomers are increased in Parkinson’s disease with dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Hall Sara , Öhrfelt Annika , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Minthon Lennart , Nägga Katarina , Londos Elisabet , Varghese Shiji , Majbour Nour K , Al-Hayani Abdulmonem , El-Agnaf Omar MA 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The objective was to study whether α-synuclein oligomers are altered in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with dementia, including Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer disease (AD), compared with age-matched controls.

Methods
In total, 247 CSF samples were assessed in this study, including 71 patients with DLB, 30 patients with PDD, 48 patients with AD, and 98 healthy age-matched controls. Both total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels were evaluated by using well-established immunoassays.

Results
The levels of α-synuclein oligomers in the CSF were increased in patients with PDD compared with the controls (P < 0.05), but not in patients with DLB compared with controls. Interestingly, the levels of α-synuclein oligomers in the CSF were also significantly higher in patients with PDD (P < 0.01) and DLB (P < 0.05) compared with patients with AD. The levels of CSF α-synuclein oligomers and the ratio of oligomeric/total-α-synuclein could distinguish DLB or PDD patients from AD patients, with areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.64 and 0.75, respectively. In addition, total-α-synuclein alone could distinguish DLB or PDD patients from AD patients, with an AUC of 0.80.

Conclusions
The levels of α-synuclein oligomers were increased in the CSF from α-synucleinopathy patients with dementia compared with AD cases.