bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Predictors for Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infections: Exploring Case Definitions for Influenza-Like Illness
Authors: Shah Shital C. , Rumoro Dino P. , Hallock Marilyn M. , Trenholme Gordon M. , Gibbs Gillian S. , Silva Julio C. , Waddell Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVETo identify clinical signs and symptoms (ie, “terms”) that accurately predict laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and thereafter generate and evaluate various influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions for detecting influenza. A secondary objective explored whether surveillance of data beyond the chief complaint improves the accuracy of predicting influenza.DESIGNRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SETTINGLarge urban academic medical center hospital.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,581 emergency department (ED) patients who received a nasopharyngeal swab followed by rRT-PCR testing between August 30, 2009, and January 2, 2010, and between November 28, 2010, and March 26, 2011.METHODSAn electronic surveillance system (GUARDIAN) scanned the entire electronic medical record (EMR) and identified cases containing 29 clinical terms relevant to influenza. Analyses were conducted using logistic regressions, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity, and specificity.RESULTSThe best predictive model for identifying influenza for all ages consisted of cough (DOR=5.87), fever (DOR=4.49), rhinorrhea (DOR=1.98), and myalgias (DOR=1.44). The 3 best case definitions that included combinations of some or all of these 4 symptoms had comparable performance (ie, sensitivity=89%–92% and specificity=38%–44%). For children <5 years of age, the addition of rhinorrhea to the fever and cough case definition achieved a better balance between sensitivity (85%) and specificity (47%). For the fever and cough ILI case definition, using the entire EMR, GUARDIAN identified 37.1% more influenza cases than it did using only the chief complaint data.CONCLUSIONSA simplified case definition of fever and cough may be suitable for implementation for all ages, while inclusion of rhinorrhea may further improve influenza detection for the 0–4-year-old age group. Finally, ILI surveillance based on the entire EMR is recommended.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–8
Substantial Variation in Hospital Rankings after Adjusting for Hospital-Level Predictors of Publicly-Reported Hospital-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Rates
Authors: Datta Rupak , Kazerouni N. Neely , Rosenberg Jon , Nguyen Vinh Q. , Phelan Michael , Billimek John , Cao Chenghua , McLendon Patricia , Cummings Kate , Huang Susan S. 
Published: January 2015

Across 366 California hospitals, we identified hospital-level characteristics predicting increased hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) rates including more licensed beds, teaching and long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals, and polymerase chain reaction testing. Adjustment for these characteristics impacted rankings in 24% of teaching hospitals, 13% of community hospitals, and 11% of LTAC hospitals.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations
Authors: REN Q. C. , JIN X. , ZHANG Z. H. , YANG H. J. , LI S. L. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) : crude protein (CP) ratio on duodenal microbial crude protein (MCP) flow and nitrogen (N) losses. The study was completed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five lactating Holstein dairy cows and 5 high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMR) with different forage combinations, typical for Northern China. The rations with a fixed forage-to-concentrate ratio (39 : 61) resulted in different dietary NDF : CP ratios: TMR1 3·03 : 1 (428·2 g NDF/kg : 141·4 g CP/kg); TMR2 2·74 : 1 (392·7 g NDF/kg : 143·2 g CP/kg); TMR3 2·55 : 1 (368·3 g NDF/kg : 144·4 g CP/kg); TMR4 1·84 : 1 (304·8 g NDF/kg : 165·8 g CP/kg); TMR5 1·60 : 1 (285·0 g NDF/kg : 178·0 g CP/kg). Rumen content, milk, blood, urine and faeces were sampled on the last 3 days of five 18-day periods. Purine derivatives in the urine samples were determined to estimate rumen MCP flow into the small intestine. Milk yield and milk protein yield increased linearly with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio although slight differences in dry matter intake were observed due to feed intake restriction. Diurnal ammonia N in the rumen and duodenal MCP flow increased linearly, but blood urea N, urinary N and faecal N linearly decreased with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio. The enhanced N utilization in the maize-silage-based TMRs (TMR4–5) in comparison with maize-stover-based TMRs (TMR1–3) increased milk yield and the synthesis of milk protein instead of milk fat in the lactating cows, probably due to high transfer of ammonia N into rumen MCP with a considerable increase of dietary non-fibre carbohydrate content and the decrease of NDF : CP ratio. The present results indicate that not only increasing dietary non-structural carbohydrate content but also adjusting the ratio of structural carbohydrate to CP ratio are important diet formulation strategies for mitigating N losses in lactating cows.
Effective results for unit points on curves over finitely generated domains
Authors: BÉRCZES ATTILA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLetAbe a commutative domain of characteristic 0 which is finitely generated over ℤ as a ℤ-algebra. Denote byA* the unit group ofAand byKthe algebraic closure of the quotient fieldKofA. We shall prove effective finiteness results for the elements of the set\begin{equation*} \mathcal{C}:=\{ (x,y)\in (A^*)^2 | F(x,y)=0 \} \end{equation*}whereF(X, Y) is a non-constant polynomial with coefficients inAwhich is not divisible overKby any polynomial of the formXmYn- αorXm- α Yn, withm, n∈ ℤ⩾0, max(m, n) > 0, α ∈K*. This result is a common generalisation of effective results of Evertse and Győry [12] onS-unit equations over finitely generated domains, of Bombieri and Gubler [5] on the equationF(x, y) = 0 overS-units of number fields, and it is an effective version of Lang's general but ineffective theorem [20] on this equation over finitely generated domains. The conditions thatAis finitely generated andFis not divisible by any polynomial of the above type are essentially necessary.
The geographic and seasonal potential distribution of the little known Fuertes’s OrioleIcterus fuertesi
Authors: TOBÓN-SAMPEDRO ARIADNA , ROJAS-SOTO OCTAVIO R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEndemic species and those with restricted distribution ranges are a priority and national responsibility for global conservation. Fuertes’s OrioleIcterus fuertesiis a Mexican endemic species and is perhaps one of the least known birds in the country. It has traditionally been regarded as conspecific with the Orchard OrioleI. spurius, but recently it has been suggested that it is a distinct species, causing concern about its risk status. There is a scarcity of information related to the geographic and seasonal distribution of Fuertes’s Oriole, as well as a lack of information regarding its abundance and habitat preferences. We gathered all the available records, and used ecological niche modelling to analyse the spatial and temporal patterns of the distribution of the species. We also carried out field surveys in the surroundings of known locations of the species in order to determine its abundance. We found that the species is narrowly and locally restricted to the surroundings of eight localities along the Gulf coast of Mexico that constitute small and discontinuous areas of presence. We also found no evidence of migration to the Pacific Coast in winter, as has been historically thought. Instead, our results suggest that the species exhibits a short-distance migration, with northern populations migrating to the southern range along the Gulf coast of Mexico. Analysis of abundance and field observations confirm that the species is restricted to highly modified wetland landscapes associated with urban and semi-urban habitats. Based on these results, we suggest the urgent reassignment of its risk category.
Physical dormancy in a changing climate
Authors: Hudson Alice R. , Ayre David J. , Ooi Mark K. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSpecies with physically dormant (PY) seeds make up over 25% of plant species in a number of ecologically important ecosystems around the globe, such as savannah and Mediterranean shrublands. Many of these ecosystems are subject to temporally stochastic events, such as fire and drought; but are in areas projected to experience some of the most extreme climatic changes in the future. Given the importance of PY in controlling germination timing for successful recruitment, we ask how plastic the PY trait is, and if changes to the maternal environment from climate change could alter recruitment. This review focuses on: (1) the evidence for inter- and intraspecific variation in PY; (2) the genetic, maternal and environmental controls involved; and (3) the ecological consequences of (1) and (2) above. Evidence for (within-community) interspecific variation in conditions required to break PY is strong, but for intraspecific variation evidence is contradictory and limited by a paucity of studies. Identifying controllers of variation in PY is complex, there is some suggestion that conditions of the maternal environment may be important, but no consensus on the nature of effects. The implications of PY plasticity for the persistence of seed banks, species and communities under climate change are discussed. We highlight a number of key knowledge gaps, such as a lack of research estimating the components of variation in non-agricultural species, and identify a suite of seed attributes relevant to understanding the potential impacts of climate change on the population dynamics of PY species in the future.
A novel function for Egr4 in posterior hindbrain development
Authors: Bae Chang-Joon , Jeong Juhee , Saint-Jeannet Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSegmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain is an evolutionarily conserved process. Here, we identify the transcription factor early growth response 4 (egr4) as a novel regulator of posterior hindbrain development in Xenopus. egr4 is specifically and transiently expressed in rhombomeres 5 and 6 (r5/r6) and Egr4 knockdown causes a loss of mafb/kreisler and krox20/egr2 expression in r5/r6 and r5, respectively. This phenotype can be fully rescued by injection of frog or mouse Egr4 mRNA. Moreover Egr4-depleted embryos exhibit a specific loss of the neural crest stream adjacent to r5 and have inner ear defects. While the homeodomain protein vHnf1/Hnf1b directly activates Mafb and Krox20 expression in the mouse hindbrain to specify r5, we show that in Xenopus this process is indirect through the activation of Egr4. We provide evidence that rearrangements in the regulatory sequences around egr4 and mafb genes may account for this difference.
Central role for the insular cortex in mediating conditioned responses to anticipatory cues
Authors: Kusumoto-Yoshida Ikue , Liu Haixin , Chen Billy T. , Fontanini Alfredo , Bonci Antonello 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Classical studies have been focused on understanding the role of gustatory areas in evaluating the sensory component of taste. However, recent studies have suggested an involvement of gustatory areas, specifically the insular cortex, in guiding behavior on the basis of anticipation of food. At present, however, no causal link between gustatory cortex anticipatory activity and feeding behaviors has been demonstrated. The experiments in this study combine electrophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetic approaches to establish, for the first time to our knowledge, that cue-evoked activity in the gustatory cortex is necessary to drive food-oriented behaviors. These results demonstrate that the integration between perception and action can occur also in primary sensory areas.
Giant reversible, facet-dependent, structural changes in a correlated-electron insulator induced by ionic liquid gating
Authors: Jeong Jaewoo , Aetukuri Nagaphani B. , Passarello Donata , Conradson Steven D. , Samant Mahesh G. , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
We report a remarkable reversible change in structure of vanadium dioxide films when gated with an ionic liquid. We show that the film expands by more than 3% in the out-of-plane direction when gated to the metallic state. This giant structural change is not only more than 10 times larger than the one at the thermally controlled insulator-to-metal transition measured in the same films, but is in the opposite direction—an expansion rather than a contraction. These results are very important to the field of ionic liquid gating, which has largely ignored the possibility that the high electric fields created on gating at the liquid–oxide interface can result in significant structural changes rather than a purely electrostatic phenomenon.
Autophagy-independent functions of UVRAG are essential for peripheral naive T-cell homeostasis
Authors: Afzal Samia , Hao Zhenyue , Itsumi Momoe , Abouelkheer Yasser , Brenner Dirk , Gao Yunfei , Wakeham Andrew , Hong Claire , Li Wanda Y. , Sylvester Jennifer , Gilani Syed O. , Brüstle Anne , Haight Jillian , You-Ten Annick J. , Lin Gloria H. Y. , Inoue Satoshi , Mak Tak W. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
T-cell homeostasis is a tightly regulated process that ensures a constant number of naïve T cells in the periphery of an organism. Mechanisms that promote the survival and homeostatic proliferation of naïve peripheral T cells are essential for maintaining this balance and thus effective immunity against pathogens and incipient tumors. We have identified UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), an autophagic tumor suppressor in many cell lineages, as a novel nonautophagic regulator of naïve peripheral T cell homeostasis. Furthermore, our findings distinguish UVRAG from other autophagy-related genes and indicate that this regulator may have important nonautophagic functions that are cell type-specific.
Fluid pressure waves trigger earthquakes
Authors: Mulargia Francesco , Bizzarri Andrea 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFluids—essentially meteoric water—are present everywhere in the Earth's crust, occasionally also with pressures higher than hydrostatic due to the tectonic strain imposed on impermeable undrained layers, to the impoundment of artificial lakes or to the forced injections required by oil and gas exploration and production. Experimental evidence suggests that such fluids flow along preferred paths of high diffusivity, provided by rock joints and faults. Studying the coupled poroelastic problem, we find that such flow is ruled by a nonlinear partial differential equation amenable to a Barenblatt-type solution, implying that it takes place in form of solitary pressure waves propagating at a velocity which decreases with time as v ∝ t [1/(n − 1) − 1] with n ≳ 7. According to Tresca-Von Mises criterion, these waves appear to play a major role in earthquake triggering, being also capable to account for aftershock delay without any further assumption. The measure of stress and fluid pressure inside active faults may therefore provide direct information about fault potential instability.
Analysis of a long-term outbreak of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a molecular epidemiological study
Authors: Willmann Matthias , Bezdan Daniela , Zapata Luis , Susak Hana , Vogel Wichard , Schröppel Klaus , Liese Jan , Weidenmaier Christopher , Autenrieth Ingo B. , Ossowski Stephan , Peter Silke 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Here we report on a long-term outbreak from 2009 to 2012 with an XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa on two wards at a university hospital in southern Germany.

Methods
Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the outbreak isolates and a core genome was constructed for molecular epidemiological analysis. We applied a time–place–sequence algorithm to improve estimation of transmission probabilities.

Results
By using conventional infection control methods we identified 49 P. aeruginosa strains, including eight environmental isolates that belonged to ST308 (by MLST) and carried the metallo-β-lactamase IMP-8. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of a non-recombinant core genome that contained 22 outbreak-specific SNPs revealed a pattern of four dominant clades with a strong phylogeographic structure and allowed us to determine the potential temporal origin of the outbreak to July 2008, 1 year before the index case was diagnosed. Superspreaders at the root of clades exhibited a high number of probable and predicted transmissions, indicating their exceptional position in the outbreak.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the initial expansion of dominant sublineages was driven by a few superspreaders, while environmental contamination seemed to sustain the outbreak for a long period despite regular environmental control measures.
Imaging of Lipids in Microalgae with Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Cavonius Lillie , Fink Helen , Kiskis Juris , Albers Eva , Undeland Ingrid , Enejder Annika 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Microalgae have great prospects as a sustainable resource of lipids for refinement into nutraceuticals and biodiesel, which increases the need for detailed insights into their intracellular lipid synthesis/storage mechanisms. As an alternative strategy to solvent- and label-based lipid quantification techniques, we introduce time-gated coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for monitoring lipid contents in living algae, despite strong autofluorescence from the chloroplasts, at approximately picogram and subcellular levels by probing inherent molecular vibrations. Intracellular lipid droplet synthesis was followed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum algae grown under (1) light/nutrient-replete (control [Ctrl]), (2) light-limited (LL), and (3) nitrogen-starved (NS) conditions. Good correlation (r 2 = 0.924) was found between lipid volume data yielded by CARS microscopy and total fatty acid content obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In Ctrl and LL cells, micron-sized lipid droplets were found to increase in number throughout the growth phases, particularly in the stationary phase. During more excessive lipid accumulation, as observed in NS cells, promising commercial harvest as biofuels and nutritional lipids, several micron-sized droplets were present already initially during cultivation, which then fused into a single giant droplet toward stationary phase alongside with new droplets emerging. CARS microspectroscopy further indicated lower lipid fluidity in NS cells than in Ctrl and LL cells, potentially due to higher fatty acid saturation. This agreed with the fatty acid profiles gathered by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CARS microscopy could thus provide quantitative and semiqualitative data at the single-cell level along with important insights into lipid-accumulating mechanisms, here revealing two different modes for normal and excessive lipid accumulation.
Employee architect’s perception of human resource practices and their job satisfaction
Authors: Oluwatayo Adedapo Adewunmi 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– There has been little empirical study on employees’ perceptions of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in the architectural industry, where the employee architects have been described as the assets of the firm, and how these influence their job satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that define the perceptions of these employees of the HRM practices and how these perceptions influence their job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire survey of employee architects in Lagos, Nigeria was carried out. The respondents were asked to rate their perceptions of HRM practices in their firms. Data were analyzed using mean ranking, principal component analysis, and regression analyses.Findings– The results show that contrary to popular beliefs, most of the respondents were satisfied with their jobs overall, although they were least satisfied with their pay. The factors that predict the satisfaction of the employee architects with various aspects of the job were identified.Research limitations/implications– A major limitation to this study lies in the fact that samples were only taken from employees of privately owned architectural firms in Lagos, Nigeria.Practical implications– The results indicate areas of HRM practices that principals of architecture firms may explore to enhance employee architects’ satisfaction.Originality/value– The study adds to the body of knowledge on employee perception of HRM practices and satisfaction by providing evidence from the architectural industry. This study further contributes to literature satisfaction as a multi-scale item in relation with the employee architects’ demographic and HRM practices.
Market values for olive oil attributes in Chile: a hedonic price function
Authors: Romo Muñoz Rodrigo , Lagos Moya Mario , Gil José M. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Focused on the olive oil sector in Chile which is a non-traditional market (both in production and consumption), the purpose of this paper is to determine the implicit value of the most relevant attributes of olive oil on the final price charged by supermarkets to consumers through the hedonic pricing methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
– Field work was carried out between September and October 2012 in 12 supermarkets belonging to the four most important Chilean retail chains. A log-linear price-attribute function was used to estimate the hedonic price function. The sample included 248 observations olive oil prices available to consumers in the leading supermarkets in the city of Chillán (Chile).

Findings
– The model estimation results led to the observation that the attributes that most positively influenced final price are oil acidity level, tin can container of imported oil, and origin. On the other hand, the attributes that most negatively influenced final consumer price are retailer house brand and plastic container.

Research limitations/implications
– A limitation of this study is associated with the geographic area where it was carried out, that is, the city of Chillán in the Bío-Bío Region, which is the second largest region and accounts for 12 per cent of the total population. Further research should include other cities such as Santiago (capital), Concepción, Curicó and Valparaíso.

Originality/value
– This study can be considered as a first approximation of a hedonic pricing model estimation for olive oil in non-traditional markets like Chile, which is considered an emerging market.