bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anecdotes impact medical decisions even when presented with statistical information or decision aids
Authors: Line Emily N. , Jaramillo Sara , Goldwater Micah , Horne Zachary 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople are inundated with popular press reports about medical research concerning what is healthy, get advice from doctors, and hear personal anecdotes. How do people integrate conflicting anecdotal and statistical information when making medical decisions? In four experiments (N = 4126), we tested how people use conflicting information to judge the efficacy of artificial and real medical treatments. Participants read an anecdote from someone in a clinical trial, or who had undergone a medical treatment previously, for whom the medical treatment was ineffective. We found that reading anecdotes for either artificial or real medical treatments shifted participants’ beliefs about the efficacy of a medical treatment. We observed this result even when the anecdote was uninformative, was paired with an icon array, or when participants were provided with thorough medical decision aids about reproductive health procedures. Our findings highlight the pervasive effect of anecdotes on medical decision making.
Activation patterns of rotator-cuff muscles from quantitative IVIM DWI after physical testing
Authors: Marth Adrian Alexander , Spinner Georg Ralph , von Deuster Constantin , Sommer Stefan , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The diagnostic value of clinical rotator cuff (RC) tests is controversial, with only sparse evidence available about their anatomical specificity. We prospectively assessed regional RC muscle activation patterns by means of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the execution of common clinical RC tests.

Methods
Ten healthy subjects (five males, five females) underwent three sessions of diffusion-weighted 3-T shoulder MRI before and after testing the supraspinatus (SSP, Jobe test, session 1), subscapularis (SSC, lift-off test, session 2, at least 1 week later), and infraspinatus muscle (ISP, external rotation test, session 3, another week later). IVIM parameters (perfusion fraction, f; pseudo-diffusion coefficient. D*; and their product, fD*) were measured in regions of interest placed in images of the SSP, SSC, ISP, and deltoid muscle. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for group comparisons; p-values were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction.

Results
After all tests, fD* was significantly increased in the respective target muscles (SSP, SSC, or ISP; p ≤ 0.001). After SSP testing, an additional significant increase of fD* was observed in the deltoid, the SSC, and the ISP muscle (p < 0.001). After the SSC and ISP tests, no significant concomitant increase of any parameter was observed in the other RC muscles.

Conclusion
IVIM revealed varying activation patterns of RC muscles for different clinical RC tests. For SSP testing, coactivation of the deltoid and other RC muscles was observed, implying limited anatomical specificity, while the tests for the SSC and ISP specifically activated their respective target muscle.

Relevance statement
Following clinical RC tests, IVIM MRI revealed that SSP testing led to shoulder muscle coactivation, while the SSC and ISP tests specifically activated the target muscles.

Key Points

In this study, intravoxel incoherent motion MRI depicted muscle activation following clinical rotator cuff tests.

After supraspinatus testing, coactivation of surrounding shoulder girdle muscles was observed.

Subscapularis and infraspinatus tests exhibited isolated activation of their respective target muscles.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment of thoracic disc degeneration using dual-energy CT-based collagen maps
Authors: Bernatz Simon , Hoppe Alexander Tom , Gruenewald Leon David , Koch Vitali , Martin Simon S. , Engelskirchen Lara , Radic Ivana , Bucolo Giuseppe , Gotta Jennifer , Reschke Philipp , Hammerstingl Renate M. , Scholtz Jan-Erik , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Eichler Katrin , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian , Yel Ibrahim , Mahmoudi Scherwin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
We evaluated the role of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-based collagen maps in assessing thoracic disc degeneration.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent DECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine within a 2-week period from July 2019 to October 2022. Thoracic disc degeneration was classified by three blinded radiologists into three Pfirrmann categories: no/mild (grade 1–2), moderate (grade 3–4), and severe (grade 5). The DECT performance was determined using MRI as a reference standard. Interreader reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Five-point Likert scales were used to assess diagnostic confidence and image quality.

Results
In total, 612 intervertebral discs across 51 patients aged 68 ± 16 years (mean ± standard deviation), 28 males and 23 females, were assessed. MRI revealed 135 no/mildly degenerated discs (22.1%), 470 moderately degenerated discs (76.8%), and 7 severely degenerated discs (1.1%). DECT collagen maps achieved an overall accuracy of 1,483/1,838 (80.8%) for thoracic disc degeneration. Overall recall (sensitivity) was 331/405 (81.7%) for detecting no/mild degeneration, 1,134/1,410 (80.4%) for moderate degeneration, and 18/21 (85.7%) for severe degeneration. Interrater agreement was good (ICC = 0.89). Assessment of DECT-based collagen maps demonstrated high diagnostic confidence (median 4; interquartile range 3–4) and good image quality (median 4; interquartile range 4–4).

Conclusion
DECT showed an overall 81% accuracy for disc degeneration by visualizing differences in the collagen content of thoracic discs.

Relevance statement
Utilizing DECT-based collagen maps to distinguish various stages of thoracic disc degeneration could be clinically relevant for early detection of disc-related conditions. This approach may be particularly beneficial when MRI is contraindicated.

Key Points

A total of 612 intervertebral discs across 51 patients were retrospectively assessed with DECT, using MRI as a reference standard.

DECT-based collagen maps allowed thoracic disc degeneration assessment achieving an overall 81% accuracy with good interrater agreement (ICC = 0.89).

DECT-based collagen maps could be a good alternative in the case of contraindications to MRI.

Graphical Abstract
Advanced MRI-based evaluation of gray and white matter changes in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed , Mohamed Nehal Aboubakr Elsayed , Bedir Abdelhalim El-Tantawy Mohamed , Razek Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel , Saied Ahmed Effat Abbas Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The aim of our study was to compare gray–white matter changes (GWC) between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and age-matched healthy control group as well as comparing GWC between different stages of PD (early and complicated). Our study was prospective cross-sectional case–control observational study with analytic component conducted on twenty patients and ten controls without any signs or symptoms of PD or any history of PD in first-degree relatives. All patients and controls were tested for history taking with stress on resting tremors, rigidity, gait abnormalities, postural instability and any symptoms of cognitive impairment, clinical examination including general examination and neurological examination. Also diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tracking (tractography) and susceptibility-weighted MR imaging were performed for all cases.

Results
As regards DTI and evaluation of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values between PD cases and healthy controls, the cases group showed significant decrease in FA values at substantia nigra on both sides and left cingulum as well as significant increase in MD values at substantia nigra on both sides and corpus callosum. Also, there are significant decrease in FA values at substantia nigra on both sides and significant increase in MD values at substantia nigra on both sides and right cingulum in late parkinsonism when compared to early parkinsonism. A cutoff FA value of 0.945 at right substantia nigra and cutoff FA value of 0.585 at left substantia nigra showed significant AUC that could differentiate between cases and controls. Also cutoff MD value of 0.791 at right substantia nigra and cutoff MD value of 0.813 at left substantia nigra showed significant AUC that could differentiate between cases and controls.

Conclusions
Diffusion tensor imaging showed valuable role in evaluation of gray–white matter changes in Parkinson's disease. Also, it helps to assess degree of gray–white matter changes when comparing late parkinsonism to early parkinsonism through evaluation of FA and MD values at corpus callosum, substania nigra, and cingulum.
The Rate and Risk Factors of Deep Brain Stimulation–Associated Complications: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Tiefenbach Jakov , Kuvliev Enio , Dullur Prateek , Mandava Nymisha , Hogue Olivia , Kondylis Efstathios , Sharma Akshay , Rammo Richard , Nagel Sean , Machado Andre G. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neurosurgical treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. DBS is considered a safe and effective neurosurgical procedure; however, surgical complications are inevitable, and clinical outcomes may vary. The aim of this study was to describe DBS complications at a large clinical center in the United States and to investigate the relationship between patients' baseline characteristics, surgical technique, and operative complications.

METHODS:
We identified all patients who underwent DBS lead implantation at our center between 1st January 2012 and 1st January 2020. We extracted relevant information regarding patient demographics, surgical details, clinical complications, and clinical outcomes from the electronic medical records.

RESULTS:
A total of 859 leads were implanted in 481 patients (153 men, 328 women). The mean patient age at the time of the surgery was 65 years, with the mean disease duration of 13.3 years. There were no mortalities and 57 readmissions within 30 days (mean = 14.2 days). The most common complications included pneumocephalus (n = 661), edema (n = 78), altered mental state (n = 35), implantable pulse generator discomfort (n = 34), hemorrhage (n = 26), and infection (n = 23). Most notably, the use of general anesthesia, hypertension, heart disease, and depression were associated with significantly longer postoperative stay. High preoperative body mass index was associated with higher rates of surgery-related infections and lead revision/explantation. The intraoperative mean arterial pressure, anesthesia type, and frame apparatus were all important predictors of postoperative pneumocephalus.

CONCLUSION:
In this report, we described the rates and types of complications associated with DBS surgery at a large neurosurgical center in the United States. The novel insights highlighted in this study present an opportunity to further improve the clinical outcomes and patient selection in DBS surgery.
Carotid Plexus Sympathetic Nerves as a Landmark for the Abducens Nerve Within the Cavernous Sinus During Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: Cadaveric Anatomic Study and Surgical Consideration
Authors: Phoominaonin I-sorn , Vargas Rosales Andres Felipe , Choby Garret W. , Wang Eric W. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The abducens nerve (CN VI) is vulnerable to injury during endoscopic endonasal transcavernous surgery. In this study, the authors aimed to develop the surgical anatomic landmark and explore the relationship between the sympathetic nerves (SNs) around the internal carotid artery (ICA) and CN VI within the cavernous sinus (CS).

METHODS:
The relationship and patterns between the SNs and CN VI were investigated in 15 cadaveric specimens. The intraoperative examples of anatomic landmark were presented.

RESULTS:
There were SNs around the ICA running into the CN VI, classified into ascending SNs and accessory sympathetic branches. The ascending SNs were divided into 3 types: (1) Type I had a single ascending SN. There were 2 subtypes of Type I (Type IA [17/30, 56.7%] was defined as a single ascending branch that ran into the CN VI, and Type IB [4/30, 13.3%] was defined as a single ascending branch with a terminal bifurcation before merging into the CN VI or lateral CS wall), (2) Type II (7/30, 23.3%) was defined as 2 ascending branches that ran into the CN VI and the lateral CS wall, and (3) Type III (2/30, 6.7%) was defined as 3 ascending branches that ran into the CN VIs and the lateral wall of the CS. The accessory branches of the SNs were defined by sympathetic branches from the posterior genu or horizontal ICA and found in 6/30 sides (20%).

CONCLUSION:
The authors propose a classification of the relationship between paraclival ICA SNs and the CN VI within the CS, as approached during endoscopic endonasal surgery. The consistent relationship of the ascending SN and CN VI within the CS provides a reliable anatomic landmark during the endonasal approach to the CS.
Common Ownership, Competition, and Corporate Governance
Authors: Denicolò Vincenzo , Panunzi Fausto 
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a theoretical framework for determining the ownership stakes held by financial investors in companies competing in the same product market, commonly referred to as the level of common ownership. In our model, these investors are primarily motivated by the anticipation of capital gains resulting from the impact of common ownership on product market competition, which enhances profitability for the firms involved. However, common ownership also undermines effective corporate governance by diminishing blockholders’ incentives to engage in value-enhancing behaviors, such as managerial monitoring. These adverse effects on corporate governance act as limiting factors, ultimately determining the equilibrium level of common ownership. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
The Self-Perpetuating Turnover Cycle: Frontline Supervisors and Direct Support Professionals Reflect on Its Causes and Impacts
Authors: Hall Sarah A. , Anderson Lynda Lahti , Pettingell Sandra L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Direct support professionals (DSPs) and frontline supervisors (FLSs) have critical roles in home and community-based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Recruitment and retention issues have plagued the workforce in long-term supports and services and were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the fourth Direct Support Workforce COVID-19 Survey provided national DSP and FLS perspectives on factors contributing to turnover and retention challenges and their effects on the workforce and people supported. Participants identified obstacles with recruitment and retention, workplace outcomes related to turnover, and negative impacts on the supports and services people with IDD rely on to live and work in their communities. Policy and practice recommendations to address the workforce crisis are provided.
Interventions Used With Direct Support Workforce of Adults With Disabilities in Home and Community-Based Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tichá Renáta , Kramme Julie E.D. , Smith John G. , Farrington Mackenzie , Lopp Mackenzie , Abery Brian H. , Cakir-Dilek Betul , Nyce Alec 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This scoping review fills the gap on key characteristics of interventions and trainings for direct support workforce (DSW) of adults across disabilities and aging adults. We included quantitative and qualitative studies examining the impact of interventions in home and community-based settings in the United States or internationally and published in English since 1990. We initially identified 2,551 titles and completed final data extraction on 65 articles. Most of the studies were quantitative. The interventions reviewed were diverse, including Active support, Positive Behavior Support, and DSW stress reduction. We concluded that there is a need to conduct high-quality research focused on DSW well-being and their feeling of being valued to inform the field on how to best select and retain them.
Ultra-thin crystalline silicon solar cell with a stepped pyramid nanostructure for efficient absorption
Authors: Zhang Heng , Cao Yuchun , Chen Ning , Liu Haotuo , Feng Yongtao , Wu Xiaohu 
Published: August 2024

Incorporating micro-nano structures onto the surface of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells to optimize their light absorption capability and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency is a feasible approach. Here, we propose an ultra-thin c-Si solar cell with a stepped pyramid nanostructure for efficient absorption, which consists of the Ag reflective layer, the c-Si absorption layer, and the c-Si stepped pyramid structure. The calculated outcomes demonstrate that the ultra-thin c-Si solar cell’s average absorption at the wavelength of 350–1100 nm is 90.9%, while the average absorption for AM1.5G solar radiation is 92.1%. By comparing the absorption of solar cells with a different number of steps, it’s proved that the proposed solar cell achieves optimal absorption. Investigation into the electric field distribution reveals that the high absorption of the solar cell is generated through the dipole resonance, local electric field enhancement, and combined effects of multiple light reflections and scattering. The calculation of the electrical output characteristics shows that the proposed solar cell achieves a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 21.2%. This study will provide a meaningful exploration into the design and optimization of solar cells that can use solar energy efficiently.
Vanadium dioxide metasurface with dual functionalities of an optical switch and a sensor
Authors: Chen Zhiliang , Li Ziqiang , Li Yazun , Guo Chunjie , Luo Shanyong , Zhu Rui , Li Zhongyang , Bing Pibin , Wang Silei , Xu Juan , Zhang Hongtao , Yao Jianquan 
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a polarization-independent terahertz metasurface based on the phase transition characteristics of vanadium dioxide (VO2), featuring dual-frequency asynchronous optical switches and sensors. The sub-unit of the device consists of a silicon dioxide substrate, with a cross structure composed of VO2 and gold. When VO2 is in the metallic state, the S1 switch is “off,” while the S2 switch can be “on.” Conversely, when VO2 is in the dielectric state, the S2 switch is “off,” while the S1 switch can be “on.” The numerical results indicate that the extinction ratio of the S1 switch can exceed 19 dB, and that of the S2 switch can exceed 16 dB. The sensitivity of the S1 sensor can reach 135277.17 nm/RIU, and that of the S2 sensor can reach 31755.23 nm/RIU, with quality factors (FOM) of 194.01 and 16.57, respectively. The proposed device offers new insights for the design of future terahertz filters, optical switches, and sensors. We believe that the metasurface structure proposed in this paper can be used for optical switching, optical modulation, optical memory, and large-scale optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Efficient excitation of acoustic graphene plasmons for sub-nanoscale infrared sensing
Authors: Tao Chengdong , Liu Chuanbao , Li Yongliang , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji , Bai Yang 
Published: August 2024

Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) exhibit extremely spatial confinement and near-field enhancement, holding great potential for sub-nanoscale infrared sensing. However, the efficient excitation of AGPs is challenging due to the large momentum mismatch between AGPs and the incident light. Here, we numerically demonstrate an efficient AGP launcher consisting of a monolayer graphene (MG)/graphene nanoantenna (GNA) array/gold reflector hybrid structure. The resonant GNA array, which is in close proximity to MG, excites ultra-confined AGPs between the GNA array and MG, as well as confined GPs in MG. Moreover, the excitation efficiency of AGPs is significantly enhanced due to the constructive interference. Benefiting from the ultra-confined near fields and gate-tunable resonance frequency of AGPs, the characteristic vibrational signals of the sub-nanoscale (0.8 nm) polyethylene layer and A/G-IgG protein layer can be distinctly observed in the absorption spectra of hybrid structure. The efficient AGP launcher provides a highly compact platform for subwavelength optics and sub-nanoscale sensing.
Multicolor long-wavelength QWIPs based on double metal–dielectric–metal layers
Authors: Zhao Jun , Jiang Hengrui , Feng Jianlin , You Tongtong , Xiong Dayuan 
Published: August 2024

A quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) using a longitudinally stacked bilayer metal–dielectric–metal structure (MDM) is proposed. By integrating three metasurface square patches with two quantum well active regions, three different resonant cavities can be formed with the metal substrate to achieve three-color detection. The finite element method is employed to calculate the electric field distribution, intersubband absorption and responsivity of the device. As per the findings, the E
Z
electric field components of all three cavities can be enhanced by more than five times in comparison to the initial value E0. The device exhibits absorption peaks at wavelengths of 6.5 µm, 7.4 µm, and 10.6 µm, respectively. Furthermore, the device’s intersubband absorptions are six times higher than those of the standard 45° device. High responsivity is obtained across all three wavelengths. Our study shows that the three resonant cavities remain unaffected by each other due to the spatial isolation and that the response wavelengths are independently tunable over a range of wavelengths. Our results offer an approach to multicolor infrared detection that offers design flexibility.
Practical considerations for the amplification of electro-optically detected THz signals
Authors: Stromberg Christopher J. , Heilweil Edwin J. 
Published: August 2024

Advances in THz methods and applications require the detection of weak THz pulsed signals. One solution to this problem is to amplify weak signals using optically biased electro-optical (EO) techniques. Several different EO amplification schemes are compared. The simplest of these involves using a non-polarizing beam splitter followed by two quarter-wave plates set to small positive and negative angles, respectively. The signals are then passed through polarizers perpendicular to the polarization of the 800 nm EO detector crystal gating beam. As long as sufficient intensity is present in the gate pulse for linear photodiode detection, amplification of up to 10 times with dynamic ranges for single sweep scans of >104 is obtained.