bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Herausbildung des biblischen Kanons im antiken Judentum und im frühen Christentum
Authors: Frey Jörg 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Starting with the observation that the canon of the Bible differs among the Christian denominations (Lutheran, Reformed, Roman Catholic), and that definitive decisions on the canon were not made before the 16th century, the author gives a brief account of the process of the development of both the Jewish and the bipartite Christian canon. Due to more recent textual discoveries, earlier views of the making of the Jewish or the Christian canon have undergone significant changes. For the Jewish canon, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran texts) provided the opportunity to study the making of the canon from manuscript evidence, and to alter the overall view from the pattern of a three stage canonization to the pattern of a “canonical process”, leading to the Hebrew canon and, later and in Christian circles, to the canon of the Septuagint. This pattern is also useful for studying the making of the bipartite Christian canon or the New Testament canon. Here, the author focuses on the challenge provided by Marcion’s “canon”, the early beginning of the canonical process and its late closure, and the various factors in the process, which can be studied by including the manuscript evidence and taking into account the character of several apocryphal texts and the context and intention of the various lists of canonical texts. The biblical canon as presupposed throughout the Middle Ages is the result of a complicated and variegated canonical process. But in spite of the problems of the criteria and factors involved, the biblical canon is theologically valuable and “well-chosen”.
Toter Buchstabe – lebendiger Geist. Bibelauslegung als Lektüreereignis
Authors: Prica Aleksandra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
There is scarcely a sentence in the New Testament that could have unleashed a wider reception history than Paul‘s comparison of the letter and the spirit in the third chapter of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians: “For the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.” In Patristics two diverging lines of reception can be identified, which, depending on the perspective, emphasise the hermeneutic or the soteriological side of the formula more strongly. This paper investigates the antithesis of spirit and letter at various stations of its reception history from Late Antiquity to the late Middle Ages and ventures to profile the contrast primarily as the hermeneutic relationship between the object and the reading event.
Lebendige Bücher. Materielle und mediale Aspekte der Heilsvermittlung in der mittelalterlichen Gedenküberlieferung
Authors: Hugener Rainer 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Throughout the Middle Ages, documents commemorating the names of dignitaries and benefactors in monasteries and churches were characterized as liber vitae, just as the heavenly book mentioned in the Bible. Those whose names were inscribed in such a list were promised eternal life through commemoration. The paper discusses material and medial aspects of the mediation of salvation within such documents as well as the shifts between different sorts of bookkeeping arising between the 9th and the 15th century by focusing on writing strategies, document organization, and layout in Carolingian confraternity books, monastic necrologies, and late medieval obituaries or anniversary books from collegiate and parish churches. Their differing structures show how concepts and places of liturgical commemoration changed over the centuries.
Von Göttern und Gesteinen. Zur Interpretation dreier bemerkenswerter Kultobjekte im Tempel von Tôd
Authors: von Lieven Alexandra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the scene 284 II in the crypts of the temple of Tôd, there is a unique depiction of three hippopotamus-like lumps of jasper. Up to now their strange iconography has eluded an explanation. In this paper, it is argued that indeed these were mere lumps of stone of peculiar shape, into which the Egyptians “saw” hippopotamuses. To back this interpretation up, other examples of similar cases of religious interest in odd-shaped stones or the like are presented. Finally, it is discussed why these “hippopotamuses” were believed to be forms of Tjenenet, as the inscriptions clearly state, when otherwise this goddess is not attested to have been associated with this kind of animal.
Nodjmet A, Daughter of Amenhotep, Wife of Piankh and Mother of Herihor
Authors: Thijs Ad 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
For Queen Nodjmet two funeral papyri are known. In this article it is argued that both should be ascribed to the mother of Herihor (Nodjmet A) rather than to his wife (Nodjmet B). This would make Nodjmet A the wife of HPA Piankh, and her mother, Hrere, the wife of HPA Amenhotep. Hrere, who is attested with the title “king’s mother”, is here interpreted as the mother of king Khakheperre Pinuzem and as the grandmother of both Nodjmet B and HPA Masaharta. This model is discussed in the light of the Late Ramesside Letters, the Oracle of Herihor, the Banishment Stele, the Procession scene from the Temple of Khonsu and several other sources.
A Two-Level Strategy to Realize Life-Cycle Production Optimization in an Operational Setting
Authors: van Essen G.M. M , Van den Hof P.M.J.. M.J. , Jansen J.-D.. -D. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
We present a two-level strategy to improve robustness against uncertainty and model errors in life-cycle flooding optimization. At the upper level, a physics-based large-scale reservoir model is used to determine optimal life-cycle injection and production profiles. At the lower level, these profiles are considered as set points (reference values) for a tracking control algorithm, also known as a model predictive controller (MPC), to optimize the production variables over a short moving horizon on the basis of a simple data-driven model. In the process industry such a two-level approach is a well-known strategy to correct for small local disturbances that may have a negative (cumulative) effect on the long-term production strategy. We used a conventional reservoir simulator with gradient-based optimization functionality to perform the life-cycle optimization. Next, we applied this long-term strategy to a reservoir model, representing the truth, with somewhat different geological characteristics and near-wellbore characteristics not captured in the reservoir model used for the longterm optimization. We compared the performance (oil recovery) of this truth model when applying the life-cycle strategy with and without the corrections provided by the data-driven algorithm and the tracking controller. In this theoretical study we observed that the use of the lower-level controller enabled successful tracking of the reference values provided by the upper-level optimizer. In our example, a performance drop of 6.4% in net present value (NPV), caused by differences between the reservoir model used for life-cycle optimization and the true reservoir, was successfully reduced to only 0.5% when applying the two-level strategy. Several studies have demonstrated that model-based life-cycle production optimization has a large scope to improve long-term economic performance of waterflooding projects. However, because of uncertainties in geology, economics, and operational decisions, such life-cycle strategies cannot simply be applied in reality. Our two-level approach offers a potential solution to realize life-cycle optimization in an operational setting.
The Viscosity of Silica Nanoparticle Dispersions in Permeable Media
Authors: Metin Cigdem , Bonnecaze Roger T. , Nguyen Quoc P. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The potential application of nanoparticle dispersions as formation-stimulation agents, contrast agents, or simply as tracers in the upstream oil and gas industry requires knowledge of the flow properties of these nanoparticles. The modeling of nanoparticle transport in hydrocarbon reservoirs requires a comprehensive understanding of the rheological behavior of these nanofluids. Silica nanoparticles have been commonly used because of their low-cost fabrication and cost-effective surface modification. The aqueous silica-nanoparticle dispersions show Newtonian behavior under steady shear measurements controlled by a rheometer, as discussed by Metin et al. (2011b). The viscosity of nanoparticle dispersions depends strongly on the particle concentration, and that this correlation can be depicted by a unified rheological model (Metin et al. 2011b). In addition, during flow in permeable media, the variation of shear associated with complex pore morphology and the interactions between the nanoparticles and tortuous flow channels can affect the viscosity of nanoparticle dispersion. The latter is particularly important if the concentration of nanoparticles in dispersion may change because of nanoparticle adsorption on mineral/fluid and oil/water interfaces or by mechanical trapping of nanoparticles. In this paper, the flow of silica-nanoparticle dispersions through different permeable media is investigated. The rheological behaviors of the dispersions are compared with those determined by use of a rheometer. We established a correlation between the nanoparticle concentration and dispersion viscosity in porous media for various nanoparticle sizes. The effects of pore structure and shear rate are also studied. We have confirmed that the concept of effective maximum packing fraction can be applied to describe the viscosity of aqueous nanoparticle dispersions in both bulk flow and flow in porous media with high permeability and regular pore structures, but not at low permeability because of mechanical trapping. Our work provides new insight to engineering nanoparticle rheology for subsurface applications.
The Use of Statistical Analysis To Optimize Pioneer Natural Resources' Vertical Spraberry-Trend Portfolio
Authors: Nelson Scott L. , Hudson Jeffery W. , Hooker Andrew 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Prompted by the need to fully characterize a 10,000-plus undrilled vertical-well inventory, Pioneer Natural Resources began using a statistical system to evaluate its Spraberry-trend portfolio. The system incorporated methods advocated in the recently published Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE) Monograph 3, "Guidelines for the Practical Evaluation of Undeveloped Reserves in Resource Plays." This paper reviews the tools and processes used to statistically value Pioneer's undeveloped potential across its Spraberry-trend acreage. Clearly defining the entire well inventory enabled Pioneer to economically optimize the development of its entire Spraberry-trend portfolio.
Evaluating opportunities with a statistical process enables the historical production performance to be analyzed over a broad test area as opposed to being confined to a location's "direct offsets." The Spraberry trend has a large existing well count that can be used for statistical analysis. However, its complex development history and variability in vertical-well production horizons can make this difficult. To adjust for these impedances, analog well sets were defined by generating standardized multizone production groups and categorizing the increased-density drilling by well vintage. Several unique tools and an extensive individually forecasted well data set were created to increase the efficiency of the process.
A robust statistical definition of Pioneer's entire Spraberry asset facilitated the optimization of the entire Pioneer portfolio through the allocation of the 36-rig program on the basis of economics and land requirements, comparison of potential acquisitions to the current portfolio, and increase in clarity of the net asset value of the Spraberry.
Methods reviewed in this paper have applications beyond vertical portfolio optimization; Pioneer has already modified these statistical evaluation methods to book proved vertical reserves across its acreage position in the Spraberry Trend and is currently using similar techniques to evaluate its active Horizontal portfolio in the Permian Basin. Additionally, other operators could employ similar techniques for economic assessments of their portfolios in other resource plays.
Is the Stay‐Green Trait in Sorghum a Result of Transpiration Sensitivity to Either Soil Drying or Vapor Pressure Deficit?
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Mutava Raymond N. , Shekoofa Avat , Sinclair Thomas R. , Prasad P. V. Vara 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPersistence of green leaves during seed fill, referred to as a stay‐green trait, has been investigated in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as an approach to increasing yields under water‐limited conditions. An hypothesis to explain the observation of stay green in some sorghum genotypes and not in others is that the genotypes expressing the trait employ mechanisms to increase availability of soil water during seed fill. In this study, the expression of two mechanisms resulting in soil water conservation to allow greater water availability during seed fill was explored among 12 sorghum genotypes. One mechanism is an earlier decrease in transpiration with soil drying so that the rate of soil water loss is decreased earlier in the soil drying cycle. The second mechanism is a limitation on transpiration rate at high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) so that soil water is conserved on days when midday VPD is high. Field studies were undertaken to identify seven genotypes that consistently expressed the stay‐green trait and five genotypes that did not exhibit this trait. The range of the threshold for the decrease in transpiration rate with soil drying was similar among the two sets of genotypes. Similarly, the expression of the limited transpiration rate under high VPD was found for both sets of genotypes. There was no evidence in these studies that the stay‐green trait was closely linked with either mechanism of water conservation.
Use of Pyrosequencing Technology to Genotype Imidazolinone‐Tolerant Wheat
Authors: Ellison Mackenzie T. , Fischinger Frank , Zemetra Robert S. , Kuhl Joseph C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCultivars of several cereal crops have been developed with acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) insensitivity to imidazolinone herbicides and are now an important tool for weed management. Options for screening for imidazolinone resistant lines include direct herbicide application, biochemical assays for AHAS activity, and DNA‐based methods. Herbicide and biochemical assays for AHAS activity provide limited information as to mutation copy number and provide no information as to the genome on which the mutation is located without extensive test crossing. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can have between one and six copies of the resistant acetohydroxyacid synthase on any of three genomes. A novel DNA‐based screening protocol is described here in which pyrosequencing is used to screen for the S653N imidazolinone tolerant mutation in wheat. One assay is shown to successfully detect zero to four copies of the S653N mutation, while additional assays can detect the presence of S653N in individual wheat genomes. All of these assays are based on a single 298‐bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment and can be easily scaled up or down depending on the number of lines that need to be screened. Potential applications include detection of mutant copy number in segregating populations, and the selection of parental lines with genome specific mutant composition.
Maize Physiological Responses to Heat Stress and Hormonal Plant Growth Regulators Related to Ethylene Metabolism
Authors: Cicchino Mariano A. , Rattalino Edreira Juan I. , Otegui María E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTHormonal plant growth regulators (HPGRs) have been evaluated in field grown maize (Zea mays L.), but never as a tool for prevention or mitigation of heat stress. We analyzed grain yield determination of maize crops exposed to contrasting temperature regimes (nonheated control plots [TC]; heated plots [TH]) and the application of HPGRs associated with ethylene metabolism (ethephon [ETH]; MCP [1‐MCP]). Heating extended over daytime hours between V11 and tasseling (VT), and products were sprayed immediately before (V11) and/or during (V16) heating. Plants treated with ETH always had reduced height (10–21%) and leaf area (3–10%), but these trends usually had no effect on light interception during treatment period. Biomass production was markedly affected by heating, but a significant interaction effect (P < 0.01) indicated that HPGRs caused (i) no effect among TH plots, and (ii) a decrease (13–19% for ETH and 3.8–9.4% for MCP) among TC plots. The interaction effect computed for grain yield highlighted that ETH had mild negative effects (≤ 18%) among TC plots and large positive effects among TH plots (up to 73%), whereas MCP had no effect among the former and mild positive (V16) or negative (V11) effects among the latter. Variations in grain yield were due to variations in kernel numbers (r2 ≥ 0.92), which were explained by ear growth rate around flowering (r2 ≥ 0.97). Timely application of HPGRs was critical for improving biomass allocation to the ear (ETH) and having adequate blockage of ethylene receptors (MCP).
The Modern Spectrum of Renal Biopsy Findings in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Sharma Shree G. , Bomback Andrew S. , Radhakrishnan Jai , Herlitz Leal C. , Stokes Michael B. , Markowitz Glen S. , D'Agati Vivette D. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Renal biopsies performed in diabetic patients are increasing in number and complexity. This study sought to determine the usefulness of renal biopsy in patients with diabetes and the predictability of diagnosing diabetic nephropathy (DN) versus nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) from clinical and laboratory data.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
To assess modern trends, a retrospective study was performed of clinical-pathologic findings in all patients with diabetes who had a biopsy in 2011. Among 2642 native kidney biopsies, 620 (23.5%) were from patients with diabetes.

Results
The cohort included 371 men (60.7%) aged a median (interquartile range) 62 years (52–69) with 10-year (5–15) duration of diabetes mellitus (DM). Median serum creatinine was 2.5 mg/dl (1.6–4.4), and 52% of patients had stage 4–5 CKD. On biopsy, 37% of patients had DN alone, 36% had NDRD alone, and 27% had DN plus NDRD. In NDRD alone, FSGS (22%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (18%), acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (17%), IgA nephropathy (11%), membranous GN (8%), and pauci-immune GN (7%) comprised 80% of diagnoses, compared with ATN (43%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (19%), FSGS (13%), and IgA nephropathy (7%) for DN plus NDRD. In multivariate analyses, longer duration of DM was associated with a greater likelihood of DN and a lower likelihood of NDRD: each added year of DM reduced the odds of NDRD by 5% (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.91 to 0.98; P=0.004). DM duration ≥12 years was the best predictor (58% sensitivity, 73% specificity) of DN alone.

Conclusions
Approximately one-quarter of all renal biopsies are performed in patients with DM. Judicious use of renal biopsy has uncovered NDRD alone or superimposed on DN in the majority of such biopsies. ATN is emerging as an important category of NDRD, which has not been reported previously.
A Patient with Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria and Focal Global Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Fervenza Fernando C. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
A young male is evaluated for nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and an elevated serum creatinine. A renal biopsy is performed and shows focal global glomerulosclerosis. The absence of nephrotic syndrome suggest that glomerulosclerosis was a secondary process. Further analysis of the proteinuria showed it to be due mainly to low-molecular weight proteins. The case illustrates the crucial role of electron microscopy as well as evaluation of the identity of the proteinuria that accompanies a biopsy finding of focal and global or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Physical Therapy Interventions for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Macedo Luciana Gazzi , Hum Abraham , Kuleba Laura , Mo Joey , Truong Linda , Yeung Mankeen , Battié Michele C. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPhysical therapy is commonly prescribed for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS); however, little is known about its effectiveness.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled trials, and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of physical therapy for LSS.Data SourcesStudies were searched on electronic databases to January 2012.Study SelectionInclusion criteria were: clinical diagnosis of LSS with confirmatory imaging, evaluation of physical therapy treatment, presence of a comparison group, and outcomes of pain, disability, function, or quality of life.Data ExtractionOutcomes were extracted and, when possible, pooled using RevMan 5, a freely available review program from the Cochrane Library.Data SynthesisTen studies were included: 5 RCTs, 2 controlled trials, 2 mixed-design studies, and 1 longitudinal cohort study. Pooled effects of 2 studies revealed that the addition of a physical therapy modality to exercise had no statistically significant effect on outcome. Pooled effects results of RCTs evaluating surgery versus physical therapy demonstrated that surgery was better than physical therapy for pain and disability at long term (2 years) only. Other results suggested that exercise is significantly better than no exercise, that cycling and body-weight–supported treadmill walking have similar effects, and that corsets are better than no corsets.LimitationsThe limitations of this review include the low quality and small number of studies, as well as the heterogeneity in outcomes and treatments.ConclusionsNo conclusions could be drawn from the review regarding which physical therapy treatment is superior for LSS. There was low-quality evidence suggesting that modalities have no additional effect to exercise and that surgery leads to better long-term (2 years) outcomes for pain and disability, but not walking distance, than physical therapy in patients with LSS.