bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Suppression in Bulimia Nervosa: Relationship with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Outcome
Authors: Dawkins Hayley , Watson Hunna J. , Egan Sarah J. , Kane Robert T. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn light of prior inconsistent findings, this study revisits the relationship between weight suppression and treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa. Aside from differences in methodology, we propose that moderator effects may assist the field in interpreting previous inconsistency. In this study, we considered moderators that might place individuals at risk of broad cognitive and biobehavioral mechanisms implicated in weight (dys)regulation and binge eating, and that within the context of a history of weight suppression, might be associated with especially poor outcomes.MethodParticipants were 117 female outpatients aged 16–54 years (M = 25.5) with bulimic disorders treated with enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy.ResultsLogistic regression indicated that higher pretreatment weight suppression did not predict drop‐out or poor treatment outcome (nonabstinence from binging and purging). Moderators of parental history of overweight, childhood body shape, pretreatment body mass index, and the difference between highest and lowest ever adult body weight were analyzed, but no moderator effects were apparent.DiscussionThis study, along with other negative studies, calls into question the association between weight suppression and treatment outcome. We maintain that moderators may account for inconsistencies, but no candidates were identified in this study. Moderator models could assist us to refine conceptualizations of why some patients high in weight suppression may be vulnerable to poor treatment adherence and outcome and to establish clinical interventions that enhance prognosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:586–593)
A Littoral Fauna Index for assessing the impact of lakeshore alterations in Alpine lakes
Authors: Urbanič Gorazd 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTLakeshore deterioration is a major threat to the ecological integrity of lakes worldwide. In this study, the relationship between littoral benthic invertebrates and the Lakeshore Modification Index (LMI) was examined. The influence of the taxonomic resolution on littoral benthic invertebrate community response to LMI was assessed using the results of the canonical correspondence analysis and the relationship between the taxa richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index and the LMI. Benthic invertebrates were sampled in summer between 2006 and 2011 in two natural and two artificial Alpine lakes using a littoral microhabitat type sampling scheme. Ordination analyses show a similar explanation power when the lowest available taxonomic level was used in comparison with the family level. Taxa richness and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index indicate that lakeshore modifications impair littoral biological conditions with a loss of richness and diversity independently of lake type and used taxonomic level. For 64 families, a lakeshore modification indicative value between one and nine were set on the basis of distribution among five lakeshore modification classes. A Littoral Fauna Index (LFI) was then derived by summation of the lakeshore modification indicative values recorded at each site. A validation dataset from natural and artificial lakes confirmed the good relationships between LMI and LFI but revealed some differences in the relationships. The results show that the impacts of lakeshore modifications can be assessed using littoral benthic invertebrate assemblages with a family‐level‐based LFI, which makes this method cost effective and appropriate for routine monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surf zone flushing on embayed beaches
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Coco Giovanni 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUsing a numerical model, we show that the surf zone of embayed beaches systematically flushes out more floating material (simulated using passive tracers) than on open beaches, with most exits occurring through the headland rips. For obliquely incident waves, a headland rip acts as a persistent conduit for transporting floating material out of the surf zone and into the inner shelf region. Wave angle and embayment size determine which headland rip (upwave or downwave) flushes out more the surf zone material. For narrow embayed beaches, passive drifters exit the surf zone through the upwave headland rip. For wider embayed beaches, the longshore current has enough room to develop and is further deflected against the downwave headland where most drifters exit the surf zone. Our results indicate that wave‐exposed rugged coasts strongly enhance exchange of floating matter (e.g., pollutants and nutrients) at the ocean/continent interface.
Uncertainty of snow water equivalent retrieved from AMSR‐E brightness temperature in northeast Asia
Authors: Byun Kyuhyun , Choi Minha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAccurate estimation of snow water equivalent (SWE) has been significantly recognized to improve management and analyses of water resource in specific regions. Although several studies have focused on developing SWE values based on remotely sensed brightness temperatures obtained by microwave sensor systems, it is known that there are still a number of uncertainties in SWE values retrieved from microwave radiometers. Therefore, further research for improving remotely sensed SWE values including global validation should be conducted in unexplored regions such as Northeast Asia. In this regard, we evaluated SWE through comparison of values produced by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) from December 2002 to February 2011 with in situ SWE values converted from snow‐depth observation data from four regions in the South Korea. The results from three areas showed similarities which indicated that the AMSR‐E SWE values were overestimated when compared with in situ SWE values, and their Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) by month were relatively small (1.1 to 6.5 mm). Contrariwise, the AMSR‐E SWE values of one area were significantly underestimated when compared with in situ SWE values and the MAE were much greater (4.9 to 35.2 mm). These results were closely related to AMSR‐E algorithm‐related error sources, which we analyzed with respect to topographic characteristics and snow properties. In particular, we found that snow density data used in the AMSR‐E SWE algorithm should be based on reliable in situ data as the current AMSR‐E SWE algorithm cannot reflect the spatio‐temporal variability of snow density values. Additionally, we derived better results considering saturation effect of AMSR‐E SWE. Despite the demise of AMSR‐E, this study's analysis is significant for providing a baseline for the new sensor and suggests parameters important for obtaining more reliable SWE. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of matrix elasticity and cell density on human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation
Authors: Xue Ruyue , Li Julie Yi‐Shuan , Yeh Yiting , Yang Li , Chien Shu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various cell types, including osteogenic and chondrogenic cells. The matrix elasticity and cell seeding density are important factors in hMSCs differentiation. We cultured hMSCs at different seeding densities on polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness corresponding to Young's moduli of 1.6 ± 0.3 and 40 ± 3.6 kPa. The promotion of osteogenic marker expression by hard gel is overridden by a high seeding density. Cell seeding density, however, did not influence the chondrogenic marker expressions induced by soft gel. These findings suggest that interplays between cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions contribute to hMSCs differentiation. The promotion of osteogenic differentiation on hard matrix was shown to be mediated through the Ras pathway. Inhibition of Ras (RasN17) significantly decreased ERK, Smad1/5/8 and AKT activation, and osteogenic markers expression. However, constitutively active Ras (RasV12) had little effect on osteogenic marker expression, suggesting that the Ras pathways are necessary but not sufficient for osteogenesis. Taken together, our results indicate that matrix elasticity and cell density are important microenvironmental cues driving hMSCs proliferation and differentiation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1360–1365, 2013
Real-time monitoring of cell viability and cell density on the basis of a three dimensional optical reflectance method (3D-ORM): investigation of the effect of sub-lethal and lethal injuries
Authors: Brognaux Alison , Bugge Jörg , Schwartz Friedel H , Thonart Philippe , Telek Samuel , Delvigne Frank 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Cell density and cell viability have been followed on-line by using a three-dimensional optical reflectance method (3D-ORM) probe. This method has allowed to highlight the differences between a well-mixed and a scale-down bioreactor configured in order to reproduce mixing deficiencies during a fed-batch culture of Escherichia coli. These differences have been observed both for the obscuration factor (OBF) and the coincidence probability delivered by the probe. These parameters are correlated to flow cytometry measurement based on the PI-uptake test and cell density based on optical density measurement. This first set of results has pointed out the fact that the 3D-ORM probe is sensitive to sub-lethal injuries encountered by microbial cells in process-related conditions. The effect of lethal injuries has been further investigated on the basis of additional experiments involving heat stress and a sharp increase of the OBF has been observed indicating that cells are effectively injured by the increase of temperature. However, further improvement of the probe are needed in order to give access to single-cell measurements.
A Review of Genetic Counseling for Charcot Marie Tooth Disease (CMT)
Authors: Siskind Carly E. , Panchal Seema , Smith Corrine O. , Feely Shawna M. E. , Dalton Joline C. , Schindler Alice B. , Krajewski Karen M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCharcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT) encompasses the inherited peripheral neuropathies. While four genes have been found to cause over 90 % of genetically identifiable causes of CMT (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2), at least 51 genes and loci have been found to cause CMT when mutated, creating difficulties for clinicians to find a genetic subtype for families. Here, the classic features of CMT as well as characteristic features of the most common subtypes of CMT are described, as well as methods for narrowing down the possible subtypes. Psychosocial concerns particular to the CMT population are identified. This is the most inclusive publication for CMT‐specific genetic counseling.
“Nothing is Absolute in Life”: Understanding Uncertainty in the Context of Psychiatric Genetic Counseling from the Perspective of those with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Hippman Catriona , Lohn Zoe , Ringrose Andrea , Inglis Angela , Cheek Joanna , Austin Jehannine C 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNo genetic tests are currently clinically available for serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Rather, the full spectrum of genetic variants that confer susceptibility remain unknown, and estimates of probability of condition recurrence typically have the form of ranges rather than single absolute numbers. Genetic counselors have been shown to feel that the information that can be provided for patients with serious mental illness could be more confusing than helpful. However, how those with serious mental illness perceive this uncertainty remains unknown. So, to investigate this, individuals with serious mental illness participated in a psychiatric genetic counseling (GC) session and responded to a single open ended question about their reactions towards the uncertainty that they encountered in their GC session immediately and one month post‐counseling (from which themes were identified), and completed the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale immediately post‐session (descriptive statistics applied). While some of the 37 participants were disappointed with the uncertainty, twice as many were unconcerned. Overall, responses from immediately and one month after GC were very similar; participants were very satisfied with, and found value in GC despite uncertainty, and four approaches to coping with uncertainty emerged. Ultimately, these findings offer insight into providing GC for those with serious mental illness, and potentially could be applied to other areas of GC where uncertainty lies, with downstream impact on GC practice and future research.
A Rapid Method for Determining the Oxidative Stability of Oils Suitable for Breeder Size Samples
Authors: Przybylski R. , Wu J. , Eskin N. A. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA method utilizing thin‐layer chromatography with a flame ionization detector (TLC‐FID) was developed for assessing the stability of breeder's oil seed samples based on the formation of polar compounds. The results showed a linear relationship between peroxide value (PV) and the content of polar material in the oxidized oil. Oil samples oxidized very readily on chromarods, even at low temperature, which is a particular advantage for antioxidant screening. At 45 °C, the oil oxidation rate was relatively low, but the relationship between the content of polar material and reaction time was linear. At 65 °C, if the content of polar material was below 50 %, the above relationship was still linear. At different temperatures, the action of tocopherol appeared to vary slightly. For example, at 65 °C, the oxidative stability of the oil sample was determined by the content of tocopherol, especially γ‐tocopherol. At 45 and 55 °C, the oxidative stability was determined by both the content of tocopherol and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Of the tocopherol isomers, γ‐tocopherol exhibited the highest antioxidant potency, consistent with the published literature. These results suggest that chromarods provide good media for monitoring oil oxidation for antioxidant screening. A particular advantage is the use of very small oil samples, usually 1–2 μL, and the ability to analyze multiple samples at the same time.
Effects of commercial citrate‐containing juices on urolithiasis in a Drosophila model
Authors: Ho Chien‐Yi , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Wu Pei‐Yin , Chang Chiao‐Hui , Chen Huey‐Yi , Man Kee‐Ming , Shen Jui‐Lung , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Lin Wei‐Yong , Lee Yuan‐Ju , Chen Wen‐Chi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiet modification plays an important role in nephrolithiasis. Development of an easy, ready‐to‐use beverage such as a commercial juice drink to use as a preventive treatment for renal calculi formation would be widely welcomed. We previously developed a novel Drosophila model for the study of nephrolithiasis. It provides a new well‐established drug discovery platform for this common disease. In our current study, we used the Drosophila model to investigate the preventive effects of various commercial juices as potential treatments for nephrolithiasis. Our results showed that apple, cranberry, orange, and pomegranate juices failed to reduce calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation, whereas our positive control—potassium citrate (K‐citrate)—significantly prevented CaOx crystal formation. Unlike the commercial fruit juices that were tested, the administration of K‐citrate significantly ameliorated the ethylene glycol (EG)‐induced life‐span reduction in treated flies. These results indicate that EG‐induced CaOx nephrolithiasis in Drosophila can be prevented by K‐citrate, but not by commercial citrate‐containing juices. However, the inhibitory capability of citrate‐containing juices to reduce renal stone formation in humans requires further elucidation.
PhenoMiner: quantitative phenotype curation at the rat genome database
Authors: Laulederkind Stanley J F , Liu Weisong , Smith Jennifer R , Hayman G Thomas , Wang Shur-Jen , Nigam Rajni , Petri Victoria , Lowry Timothy F , de Pons Jeff , Dwinell Melinda R , Shimoyama Mary 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Rat Genome Database (RGD) is the premier repository of rat genomic and genetic data and currently houses &gt;40 000 rat gene records as well as human and mouse orthologs, &gt;2000 rat and 1900 human quantitative trait loci (QTLs) records and &gt;2900 rat strain records. Biological information curated for these data objects includes disease associations, phenotypes, pathways, molecular functions, biological processes and cellular components. Recently, a project was initiated at RGD to incorporate quantitative phenotype data for rat strains, in addition to the currently existing qualitative phenotype data for rat strains, QTLs and genes. A specialized curation tool was designed to generate manual annotations with up to six different ontologies/vocabularies used simultaneously to describe a single experimental value from the literature. Concurrently, three of those ontologies needed extensive addition of new terms to move the curation forward. The curation interface development, as well as ontology development, was an ongoing process during the early stages of the PhenoMiner curation project.
Database URL: http://rgd.mcw.edu
Evolution of neutron star + He star binaries: an alternative evolutionary channel to intermediate-mass binary pulsars
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong , Liu Wei-Min 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
It is difficult for intermediate-mass X-ray binaries to form compact intermediate-mass binary pulsars (IMBPs) with a short orbital-period ( ≲ 3 d), which have heavy ( ≳ 0.4 M⊙) CO or ONeMg white dwarf (WD) companions. Since neutron star + He star binaries may experience common-envelope evolution, they have some advantage to account for the formation of short orbital-period IMBPs. In this work, we explore the probability of IMBPs formed by this evolutionary channel. Using Eggleton's stellar evolution code, considering that the dead pulsars were spun up by the accreting material and angular momentum from the He star companions, we have calculated the evolution of a large number of neutron star + He star binaries. Our simulated results indicate that the NS + He star evolutionary channel can produce IMBPs with a WD of ∼ 0.5-1.1 M⊙ and an orbital period of 0.03–20 d, in which pulsars have a spin period of 1.4–200 ms. Comparing the calculated results with the observational parameters (spin period and orbital period) of nine compact IMBPs, the NS + He star evolutionary channel can account for the formation of four sources. Therefore, NS + He star binaries offer an alternative evolutionary channel to compact IMBPs.
The star formation rate and stellar mass limits for submillimetre galaxies implied by recent interferometric observations
Authors: Hayward Christopher C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Explaining the observed number counts of submillimetre (submm) galaxies (SMGs) has been a longstanding challenge for theoretical models. Surprisingly, recent observations have suggested that the brightest SMGs are almost exclusively multiple fainter sources blended into a single source in the single-dish surveys. This result is in contrast with the predictions of our previously presented theoretical model, which includes some effects of blending. In this Letter, we consider the implications of an upper limit on the submm flux density for the demographics of the SMG population. Using a relation amongst submm flux, star formation rate (SFR) and dust mass (Md) from our previous work, we infer the maximum SFR for a range of flux density limits. For Md = 2 × 109(5 × 108) M⊙, the SFR limit that corresponds to an 870-μm flux density (S870) limit in the range 9–12.5 mJy is in the range $\sim 630\hbox{--}1400 (3600\hbox{--}7700)\, \mathrm{M_{{\odot }}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}}$. The SFR limit implies a correspondingly sharp, redshift-dependent cutoff in the stellar mass (M⋆) function, the value of which we predict using the S870–M⋆ relation predicted by our model. The M⋆ limit decreases with increasing redshift: for an S870 limit of 9–12.5 mJy, the M⋆ limit ranges from ∼4–7 × 1012 M⊙ at z ∼ 1 to ∼3–5 × 1011 M⊙ at z ∼ 6. We discuss the few interferometrically detected SMGs that may be brighter than the proposed cutoff. Although such objects are certainly interesting, inferences based on such objects may not apply to most SMGs.
Identifying Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in the Metabolism of Germinating Arabidopsis Seeds Using Generalized Genetical Genomics
Authors: Joosen Ronny Viktor Louis , Arends Danny , Li Yang , Willems Leo A.J. , Keurentjes Joost J.B. , Ligterink Wilco , Jansen Ritsert C. , Hilhorst Henk W.M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA complex phenotype such as seed germination is the result of several genetic and environmental cues and requires the concerted action of many genes. The use of well-structured recombinant inbred lines in combination with “omics” analysis can help to disentangle the genetic basis of such quantitative traits. This so-called genetical genomics approach can effectively capture both genetic and epistatic interactions. However, to understand how the environment interacts with genomic-encoded information, a better understanding of the perception and processing of environmental signals is needed. In a classical genetical genomics setup, this requires replication of the whole experiment in different environmental conditions. A novel generalized setup overcomes this limitation and includes environmental perturbation within a single experimental design. We developed a dedicated quantitative trait loci mapping procedure to implement this approach and used existing phenotypical data to demonstrate its power. In addition, we studied the genetic regulation of primary metabolism in dry and imbibed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. In the metabolome, many changes were observed that were under both environmental and genetic controls and their interaction. This concept offers unique reduction of experimental load with minimal compromise of statistical power and is of great potential in the field of systems genetics, which requires a broad understanding of both plasticity and dynamic regulation.
Brain and retinal microglia in health and disease: An unrecognized target of the renin–angiotensin system
Authors: McCarthy Claudia A , Widdop Robert E , Deliyanti Devy , Wilkinson‐Berka Jennifer L 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Microglia are the resident immune cells within the brain and retina, commonly known as the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia survey the surrounding milieu to eliminate invading microbes, clear cellular debris and enforce programmed cell death by removing apoptotic cells. Complementary to their ‘house‐keeping’ role, microglia are capable of releasing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as various anti‐inflammatory cytokines that sustain and support neuronal survival.

Although microglia are essential for maintaining a healthy CNS, paradoxically they may undergo phenotypic changes to influence numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine whether microglia are supportive or toxic could elucidate novel and more effective therapeutic targets to treat an array of neurological and retinal diseases.

Although relatively little is known about the influences that evoke phenotypic changes in the microglial population, there is accumulating evidence illustrating an interaction with the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). The angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors may have differential roles in mediating the activity of microglia. Understanding the actions of these angiotensin receptors will be important in defining whether microglia are an important therapeutic target for RAS blockade in brain and ocular diseases.