bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retail Investors and the Idiosyncratic Volatility Puzzle: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market
Authors: Kang Jangkoo , Lee Eunmee , Sim Myounghwa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIf the trading of noise traders is highly correlated and arbitrage risk exists, stock prices can deviate from their fundamental value. In particular, due to the short‐selling impediments, stock prices tend to be overpriced. We hypothesize that the idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) puzzle is due to this overpricing caused by noise traders that can be proxied by retail traders, and provide evidence supporting it. Our empirical findings are as follows. First, the IVOL puzzle is more prominent among stocks with a high retail trading proportion (RTP). Second, the negative relation between IVOL and stock returns is stronger following high retail sentiment. Finally, return reversals for stocks with high RTP and high IVOL are observed.
Bilastine vs. hydroxyzine: occupation of brain histamine H1‐receptors evaluated by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers
Authors: Farré Magí , Pérez‐Mañá Clara , Papaseit Esther , Menoyo Esther , Pérez Marta , Martin Soraya , Bullich Santiago , Rojas Santiago , Herance José‐Raúl , Trampal Carlos , Labeaga Luis , Valiente Román 
Published: May 2014

AimA close correlation exists between positron emission tomography (PET)‐determined histamine H1‐receptor occupancy (H1RO) and the incidence of sedation. Antihistamines with H1RO <20% are classified as non‐sedating. The objective was to compare the H1RO of bilastine, a second generation antihistamine, with that of hydroxyzine.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, crossover study used PET imaging with [11C]‐doxepin to evaluate H1RO in 12 healthy males (mean age 26.2 years), after single oral administration of bilastine (20 mg), hydroxyzine (25 mg) or placebo. Binding potentials and H1ROs were calculated in five cerebral cortex regions of interest: frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, insula. Plasma bilastine concentrations, subjective sedation (visual analogue scale), objective psychomotor performance (digital symbol substitution test), physiological variables and safety (adverse events, AEs), were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean binding potential of all five regions of interest (total binding potential) was significantly greater with bilastine than hydroxyzine (mean value 0.26 vs. 0.13, P < 0.01; mean difference and 95% CI −0.130 [−0.155, 0.105]). There was no significant difference between bilastine and placebo. Overall H1RO by bilastine was significantly lower than that by hydroxyzine (mean value −3.92% vs. 53.95%, P < 0.01; mean difference and 95% CI 57.870% [42.664%, 73.075%]). There was no significant linear relationship between individual bilastine plasma concentrations and total binding potential values. No significant between‐treatment differences were observed for sedation and psychomotor performance. Twenty‐six non‐serious AEs were reported. Sleepiness or sedation was not reported with bilastine but appeared in some subjects with hydroxyzine.ConclusionsA single oral dose of bilastine 20 mg had minimal H1RO, was not associated with subjective sedation or objective impairment of psychomotor performance and was devoid of treatment‐related sedative AEs, thus satisfying relevant subjective, objective and PET criteria as a non‐sedating antihistamine.
Quality of life in children with adverse drug reactions: a narrative and systematic review
Authors: Del Pozzo‐Magaña Blanca R. , Rieder Michael J. , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro 
Published: May 2014

AimsAdverse drug reactions are a common problem affecting adults and children. The economic impact of the adverse drug reactions has been widely evaluated; however, studies of the impact on the quality of life of children with adverse drug reactions are scarce. The aim was to evaluate studies assessing the health‐related quality of life of children with adverse drug reactions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review that included the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library (including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the Health Technology Assessment Databases).ResultsNine studies were included. Four of the studies were conducted in children with epilepsy; the rest of them involved children with chronic viral hepatitis, Crohn's disease, paediatric cancer and multiple adverse drug reactions compared with healthy children. Based on their findings, authors of all studies concluded that adverse drug reactions had a negative impact on the quality of life of children. No meta‐analysis was conducted given the heterogeneous nature of the studies.ConclusionsTo date, there is no specific instrument that measures quality of life of children with adverse drug reactions, and the information available is poor and variable. In general, adverse drug reactions have a negative impact on the quality of life of affected children. For those interested in this area, more work needs to be done to improve tools that help to evaluate efficiently the health‐related quality of life of children with adverse drug reactions and chronic diseases.
The role of experiential avoidance in paranoid delusions: An experience sampling study
Authors: Udachina Alisa , Varese Filippo , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe study examined (1) the role of experiential avoidance (EA), conceptualized as intolerance towards aversive mental states, in paranoid delusions and (2) the mechanisms underlying EA.DesignA 6‐day prospective momentary assessment study.MethodsParanoid patients (N = 41) were studied using the experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique, assessing psychopathology and current context in daily life.ResultsThe results showed that both low self‐esteem and EA contributed to paranoid thinking. The relationship between low self‐esteem and paranoia was partially mediated by EA and the relationship between EA and paranoia was partially mediated by low self‐esteem. The detrimental effect of EA on self‐esteem was more pronounced under high activity‐related stress. Both EA and social stress were independently associated with low self‐esteem. EA was associated with self‐esteem instability.ConclusionsOur results implicate mental control strategies in the development of paranoia and are compatible with the attributional model of paranoia, which suggests that persecutory delusions arise as a result of dysfunctional attempts to avoid unpleasant thoughts about the self.Practitioner points

Interventions for paranoid individuals should target low tolerance towards negative mental states, for example using mindfulness and ACT therapeutic approaches.

Interventions designed for individuals suffering from persecutory delusions should also address unfavourable views about the self.

Limitations

Avoidance of unpleasant mental states may operate outside the individual's awareness and self‐report measures of EA may be unable to adequately tap this process.

Self‐reflection abilities of psychotic patients may be impaired.
A randomized controlled trial of the computerized CBT programme, MoodGYM, for public mental health service users waiting for interventions
Authors: Twomey Conal , O'Reilly Gary , Byrne Michael , Bury Matthew , White Aisling , Kissane Sheila , McMahon Aisling , Clancy Nicola 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the computerized CBT (cCBT) programme, MoodGYM, for the reduction in symptoms of general psychological distress (the primary outcome), depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired daily functioning.DesignA randomized controlled trial, with a waiting list control condition, in a routine clinical setting.MethodsParticipants were 149 public mental health service users (aged 18–61 [M = 35.3 years; SD = 10.3]) waiting for interventions. Self‐report outcome measures were administered online at baseline and post‐intervention (i.e., after 32 days).ResultsAfter high dropout rates, a post‐intervention completers analysis examined 28 MoodGYM participants and 38 waiting list control participants. MoodGYM was significantly more effective than the waiting list control for the reduction of symptoms of general psychological distress (F[1, 64] = 4.45; p < .05) and stress (F[1, 64] = 5.35; p < .05) but not depression, anxiety, or impaired daily functioning.ConclusionsDue to their high associated dropout rates, self‐help cCBT programmes such as MoodGYM should not be provided as front‐line treatments. However, as it is likely to be agreeable and beneficial to some service users, perhaps self‐help cCBT should be provided as an additional treatment option.Practitioner points

Computerized CBT has predominantly been evaluated in ‘efficacy’ trials which often include motivated, self‐referred participants unrepresentative of clinical populations. Multi‐site recruitment in the present trial allowed participants with characteristics typical of public mental health service users across Ireland to be included.

MoodGYM's effectiveness was demonstrated for the primary outcome, general psychological distress symptoms, and one of four secondary outcomes (i.e., stress symptoms). However, 56.3% of MoodGYM participants (and 85% of males) dropped out of the study, limiting the validity of findings.

Feedback to MoodGYM (for those who engaged with it) was generally positive (e.g., 68% of respondents would recommend MoodGYM to a friend if they needed some help). However, 73% of MoodGYM participants did not complete all five sessions.

Due to their limited effectiveness and high associated dropout rates, self‐help cCBT programmes such as MoodGYM should not be provided as front‐line treatments, in place of higher intensity interventions such as one‐to‐one psychotherapy. However, as it is likely to be agreeable and beneficial to some service users, self‐help cCBT is perhaps best offered as an additional treatment option.
Value creation in online communities for educators
Authors: Booth Sharon E. , Kellogg Shaun B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe popularity and pervasiveness of online communities have led researchers and practitioners alike to closely examine the utility of online communities for supporting and facilitating professional learning. As economic constraints leave fewer resources available for professional development, educators in particular are examining the potential of online communities to enhance and extend traditional professional development opportunities. Leveraging the potential of online communities requires an in‐depth understanding of the value that members find through their participation. This study used Wenger, Trayner and de Laat's value creation framework to better understand cycles of value creation in online communities. Findings illuminate how members with varying perspectives and levels of expertise co‐construct new forms of meaning and understanding in ways that are individually and collectively valuable, and how they apply that knowledge to their professional practice. Additionally, the study offers insight into the ways in which actions of community leaders and a sponsoring organization support and facilitate value creation through different types of activities, tools and interactions.
Utilizing hydrogen sulfide as a novel anti‐cancer agent by targeting cancer glycolysis and pH imbalance
Authors: Lee Z‐W , Teo X‐Y , Tay E Y‐W , Tan C‐H , Hagen T , Moore P K , Deng L‐W 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeMany disparate studies have reported the ambiguous role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in cell survival. The present study investigated the effect of H2S on the viability of cancer and non‐cancer cells.Experimental ApproachCancer and non‐cancer cells were exposed to H2S [using sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and GYY4137] and cell viability was examined by crystal violet assay. We then examined cancer cellular glycolysis by in vitro enzymatic assays and pH regulator activity. Lastly, intracellular pH (pHi) was determined by ratiometric pHi measurement using BCECF staining.Key ResultsContinuous, but not a single, exposure to H2S decreased cell survival more effectively in cancer cells, as compared to non‐cancer cells. Slow H2S‐releasing donor, GYY4137, significantly increased glycolysis, leading to overproduction of lactate. H2S also decreased anion exchanger and sodium/proton exchanger activity. The combination of increased metabolic acid production and defective pH regulation resulted in an uncontrolled intracellular acidification, leading to cancer cell death. In contrast, no significant intracellular acidification or cell death was observed in non‐cancer cells.Conclusions and ImplicationsLow and continuous exposure to H2S targets metabolic processes and pH homeostasis in cancer cells, potentially serving as a novel and selective anti‐cancer strategy.
Monocytes from Sjögren's syndrome patients display increased vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 expression and impaired apoptotic cell phagocytosis
Authors: Hauk V , Fraccaroli L , Grasso E , Eimon A , Ramhorst R , Hubscher O , Pérez Leirós C 
Published: May 2014

SummarySjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. Clinical observations and results from animal models of SS support the role of aberrant epithelial cell apoptosis and immune homeostasis loss in the glands as triggering factors for the autoimmune response. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) promotes potent anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory and autoimmune disease models, including the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of SS. With the knowledge that VIP modulates monocyte function through vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (VPAC) and that immune homeostasis maintenance depends strongly upon a rapid and immunosuppressant apoptotic cell clearance by monocytes/macrophages, in this study we explored VPAC expression on monocytes from primary SS (pSS) patients and the ability of VIP to modulate apoptotic cell phagocytic function and cytokine profile. Monocytes isolated from individual pSS patients showed an increased expression of VPAC2 subtype of VIP receptors, absent in monocytes from control subjects, with no changes in VPAC1 expression. VPAC2 receptor expression could be induced further with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pSS monocytes and VIP inhibited the effect. Moreover, monocytes from pSS patients showed an impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic epithelial cells, as evidenced by reduced engulfment ability and the failure to promote an immunosuppressant cytokine profile. However, VIP neither modulated monocyte/macrophage phagocytic function nor did it reverse their inflammatory profile. We conclude that monocytes from pSS patients express high levels of VPAC2 and display a deficient clearance of apoptotic cells that is not modulated by VIP.
Tranexamic acid as maintenance treatment for non-histaminergic angioedema: analysis of efficacy and safety in 37 patients
Authors: Wintenberger C , Boccon-Gibod I , Launay D , Fain O , Kanny G , Jeandel P Y , Martin L , Gompel A , Bouillet L 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Angioedema (AE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by localised swelling lasting several hours. The swelling is often recurring and can be lethal if it is located in the laryngeal region. Much progress has been made recently in the treatment of acute episodes, but no consensus has been reached on maintenance treatment. We have performed a national retrospective observational study to assess the use of tranexamic acid (TA) as maintenance treatment for non-histaminergic AE [hereditary AE (HAE) or idiopathic non-histaminergic AE]. Records for 64 cases were collected from 1 October 2012 to 31 August 2013; 37 of these were included (12 HAE with C1-inhibitor deficiency, six with HAE with normal C1-inhibitor and 19 idiopathic non-histaminergic AE). When treated with TA over six months, the number of attacks was reduced by 75% in 17 patients, 10 patients showed a lower level of reduction and 10 had the same number of attacks. In no instances were symptoms increased. No thromboembolic events were observed, and the main side effects were digestive in nature. Thus, TA, which is well tolerated and inexpensive, appears to be an effective maintenance treatment for some patients with HAE or idiopathic non-histaminergic AE.
Pathogenetic role of glomerular CXCL13 expression in lupus nephritis
Authors: Worthmann K , Gueler F , von Vietinghoff S , Davalos-Mißlitz A , Wiehler F , Davidson A , Witte T , Haller H , Schiffer M , Falk C S , Schiffer L 
Published: May 2014

Summary
Podocytes maintain the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, podocytes have recently been implicated in the innate immune response, and their function as non-haematopoietic antigen-presenting cells was highlighted. We have shown previously that excessive expression of the chemokine CXCL13 is a distinctive early event for nephritis in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, we found that CXCL13 is elevated significantly in the serum of patients with SLE-nephritis. In this study, we were able to show for the first time that (i) CXCL13 is expressed locally in glomeruli in a model for SLE-nephritis in mice and that (ii) incubation of human podocytes with CXCL13 induces receptor stimulation of CXCR5 with activation of signalling pathways, resulting in (iii) secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in culture supernatant. This cytokine/chemokine cocktail can lead to (iv) a neutrophil respiratory burst in isolated human granulocytes. Taken together, our results provide further evidence that CXCL13 is involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and that podocytes can play an active role in local proinflammatory immune responses. Thus, CXCL13 could be a direct target for the therapy of glomerulonephritis in general and for SLE-nephritis in particular.
Toll-like receptor expression in crypt epithelial cells, putative stem cells and intestinal myofibroblasts isolated from controls and patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Brown M , Hughes K R , Moossavi S , Robins A , Mahida Y R 
Published: May 2014

Summary
The aim of our studies was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 (and in some studies TLR-5) in myofibroblasts and small and large intestinal crypt epithelial cells from control patients and those affected by Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Isolated and disaggregated crypt epithelial cells and monolayers of myofibroblasts were used for studies by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), real-time RT–PCR, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Compared to control cells, crypt epithelial cells isolated from active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease colonic mucosal samples showed significantly higher expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 transcripts and protein (on the cell surface). There was also enhanced expression of TLR-4 in crypt cells from ileal Crohn's disease. Expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 transcripts in crypt epithelial cells isolated from inflamed mucosa of distal ulcerative colitis did not differ significantly from such cells obtained from the normal proximal colon. Crypt epithelial cells with side population characteristics (putative stem cells) also expressed transcripts and protein for TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-5. Colonic myofibroblast expression of these TLRs was much weaker than in crypt epithelial cells. In conclusion, enhanced TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression by crypt epithelial cells in active inflammatory bowel disease likely reflects greater ability to respond to microbial products. Results from our studies using mucosal samples from patients with distal ulcerative colitis suggest that the enhanced expression of these TLRs could be constitutive. TLR-2, TLR-4 and TLR-5 expression by stem cells imply ability to respond to distinct bacterial products.
Enhancement of T cell recruitment and infiltration into tumours
Authors: Oelkrug C , Ramage J M 
Published: May 2014

SummaryStudies have documented that cancer patients with tumours which are highly infiltrated with cytotoxic T lymphocytes show enhanced survival rates. The ultimate goal of cancer immunotherapy is to elicit high-avidity tumour-specific T cells to migrate and kill malignant tumours. Novel antibody therapies such as ipilumimab (a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blocking antibody) show enhanced T cell infiltration into the tumour tissue and increased survival. More conventional therapies such as chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic therapy and recent therapies with oncolytic viruses have been shown to alter the tumour microenvironment and thereby lead to enhanced T cell infiltration. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the migration of high-avidity tumour-specific T cells into tumours will support and provide solutions for the optimization of therapeutic options in cancer immunotherapy.
Chemosystematics in the Opiliones (Arachnida): a comment on the evolutionary history of alkylphenols and benzoquinones in the scent gland secretions of Laniatores
Authors: Raspotnig Günther , Bodner Michaela , Schäffer Sylvia , Koblmüller Stephan , Schönhofer Axel , Karaman Ivo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLarge prosomal scent glands constitute a major synapomorphic character of the arachnid order Opiliones. These glands produce a variety of chemicals very specific to opilionid taxa of different taxonomic levels, and thus represent a model system to investigate the evolutionary traits in exocrine secretion chemistry across a phylogenetically old group of animals. The chemically best‐studied opilionid group is certainly Laniatores, and currently available chemical data allow first hypotheses linking the phylogeny of this group to the evolution of major chemical classes of secretion chemistry. Such hypotheses are essential to decide upon a best‐fitting explanation of the distribution of scent‐gland secretion compounds across extant laniatorean taxa, and hence represent a key toward a well‐founded opilionid chemosystematics.
Cytological nuclear atypia classification can predict prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi T. , Kawahara A. , Hattori S. , Taira T. , Abe H. , Sanada S. , Akiba J. , Nishio S. , Ushijima K. , Kamura T. , Kage M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveEndometrial cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy in females. Nuclear findings are important for patients with cancer, and can provide valuable information to treating oncologists. We investigated whether nuclear findings were a useful prognostic factor in patients with endometrial cancer.MethodWe investigated 71 cases of endometrial carcinoma with paired histology and cytology at Kurume University Hospital. We classified endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC) G1 and G2 as type I carcinomas, and uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC), clear cell carcinoma (CC) and EEC G3 as type II carcinomas. For the establishment of the cytological nuclear atypia classification, we examined the following nuclear factors on the cytological smears: mitotic figures, prominent nucleoli, nuclear area and anisonucleosis.ResultsThere was a significant difference in mitotic figures (P < 0.001) and anisonucleosis (P = 0.026) in cytological smears between type I and type II carcinomas. Based on these findings, we categorized cytological nuclear atypia into three groups, nuclear atypia‐1 (57.7%), nuclear atypia‐2 (19.7%) and nuclear atypia‐3 (22.5%), and this classification system correlated well with prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer (P < 0.001). Furthermore, this classification system was able to extract patients with a good prognosis from those with high‐grade carcinomas, such as UPSC+CC+EEC G3, and patients with a poor prognosis from those with EEC G1.ConclusionsOur system of cytological nuclear atypia classification based on endometrial cytology can predict patient prognosis. Cytological nuclear atypia classification and histological typing may be useful for the treatment and follow‐up of patients with endometrial cancer, and should be routinely incorporated into cytological reports.