bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Expression Profiles in Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Cernada María , Serna Eva , Bauerl Christine , Collado María Carmen , Pérez-Martínez Gaspar , Vento Máximo 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND:
Bacterial sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. However, diagnosis of sepsis and identification of the causative agent remains challenging. Our aim was to determine genome-wide expression profiles of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with and without bacterial sepsis and assess differences.

METHODS:
This was a prospective observational double-cohort study conducted in VLBW (&lt;1500 g) infants with culture-positive bacterial sepsis and non-septic matched controls. Blood samples were collected as soon as clinical signs of sepsis were identified and before antibiotics were initiated. Total RNA was processed for genome-wide expression analysis using Affymetrix gene arrays.

RESULTS:
During a 19-month period, 17 septic VLBW infants and 19 matched controls were enrolled. First, a three-dimensional unsupervised principal component analysis based on the entire genome (28 000 transcripts) identified 3 clusters of patients based on gene expression patterns: Gram-positive sepsis, Gram-negative sepsis, and noninfected control infants. Furthermore, these groups were confirmed by using analysis of variance, which identified a transcriptional signature of 554 of genes. These genes had a significantly different expression among the groups. Of the 554 identified genes, 66 belonged to the tumor necrosis factor and 56 to cytokine signaling. The most significantly overexpressed pathways in septic neonates related with innate immune and inflammatory responses and were validated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our preliminary results suggest that genome-wide expression profiles discriminate septic from nonseptic VLBW infants early in the neonatal period. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Interventions to Reduce Behavioral Problems in Children With Cerebral Palsy: An RCT
Authors: Whittingham Koa , Sanders Matthew , McKinlay Lynne , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To test Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in a trial targeting behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS:
Sixty-seven parents (97.0% mothers; mean age 38.7 ± 7.1 years) of children (64.2% boys; mean age 5.3 ± 3.0 years) with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System = 15, 22%; II = 18, 27%; III =12, 18%; IV = 18, 27%; V = 4, 6%) participated and were randomly assigned to SSTP, SSTP + ACT, or waitlist. Primary outcomes were behavioral and emotional problems (Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory [ECBI], Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]) and parenting style (Parenting Scale [PS]) at postintervention and 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:
SSTP with ACT was associated with decreased behavioral problems (ECBI Intensity mean difference [MD] = 24.12, confidence interval [CI] 10.22 to 38.03, P = .003; ECBI problem MD = 8.30, CI 4.63 to 11.97, P &lt; .0001) including hyperactivity (SDQ MD = 1.66, CI 0.55 to 2.77, P = .004), as well as decreased parental overreactivity (PS MD = 0.60, CI 0.16 to 1.04, P = .008) and verbosity (PS MD = 0.68, CI 0.17 to 1.20, P = .01). SSTP alone was associated with decreased behavioral problems (ECBI problems MD = 6.04, CI 2.20 to 9.89, P = .003) and emotional symptoms (SDQ MD = 1.33, CI 0.45 to 2.21, P = .004). Decreases in behavioral and emotional problems were maintained at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
SSTP is an effective intervention for behavioral problems in children with CP. ACT delivers additive benefits.
Screening for Peripheral Neuropathies in Children With Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hirschfeld Gerrit , von Glischinski Michael , Blankenburg Markus , Zernikow Boris 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although guidelines for the management of children with type 1 diabetes include recommendations to screen for diabetic peripheral neuropathies (DPN), the research into the diagnostic utility of screening methods has not been systematically reviewed. The goal of this study was to summarize the findings with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament and the Rydel-Seiffer tuning fork in detecting DPN in children and adolescents compared with the gold standard nerve conduction studies.

METHODS:
Based on a PubMed search (conducted on April 26, 2013) and secondary searching, we identified 72 articles for review. We included studies that: (1) assessed DPN with the gold standard nerve conduction studies; (2) used noninvasive screening for DPN (monofilament, tuning fork, or biothesiometer); and (3) were performed in the relevant population (children with diabetes). Five articles met these criteria. Study quality was assessed by using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Heterogeneous methods precluded a formal meta-analysis of effects.

RESULTS:
Diagnostic accuracies were heterogeneous for the different screening methods. Sensitivities ranged from 1% to 19% for the tuning fork (3 studies); from 61% to 80% for the biothesiometer (2 studies); and from 19% to 73% for the monofilament (2 studies).

CONCLUSIONS:
Data show extremely low diagnostic utility for standard screening methods (tuning fork and 10-g monofilament) but acceptable utilities for biothesiometry and finer (1 g) monofilaments. Data on the diagnostic utility should be used to inform national and international guidelines on diabetes management.
Micro and Nanowrinkled Conductive Polymer Surfaces on Shape-memory Polymer Substrates: Tuning of Surface Microfeatures Towards Smart Biointerfaces.
Authors: Greco Francesco , Fujie Toshinori , Taccola Silvia , Ricotti Leonardo , Menciassi Arianna , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWith the aim of providing an easy and versatile method for realizing conductive polymer surfaces with controlled micro and nano-scale topographical cues patterning, we deposited a ultra-thin film of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on a thermo-retractable polystyrene sheet. Biaxial and uniaxial micro and nano-wrinkles were formed with different features depending on clamping geometry during shrinking of the substrate upon heating. Homogeneous nano and micro-patterning of surface topography over large areas (several cm2) was obtained. The formed wrinkles were very robust and adhered strongly to the substrate because of their penetration into the soft substrate during the heat-shrink process. In the case of uniaxial wrinkles a very well aligned quasi-periodic structure is formed with different populations of wavelengths ranging from submicrometric to 10-20 μm, depending on PEDOT:PSS thickness. Surface topography, wrinkles amplitude and wavelength have been evaluated by means of SEM and AFM and the results have been related to sheet resistance as measured with a four point probe technique. The realized conductive surfaces can offer new opportunities in the field of cell stimulation and growth.
Fabrication and Morphological Investigation of Multi-walled Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers
Authors: Monfared Zanjani Jamal Seyyed , Okan Burcu Saner , Yildiz Mehmet , Menceloglu Yusuf 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMulti-walled nanofibers with their outstanding properties have found expanding applications on drug delivery systems, biosensors, self-healing materials and many other state-of-the-art technologies. This work investigates the fabrication and morphological control of multi-walled structured electrospun polymeric nanofibers by multi-axial electrospinning system. This process is based on a nozzle allowing multi-axial extrusion of different fluids with concentric orders. Two spinnable polymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyacrylamide are chosen for the fabrication of middle and outer walls of co-axial hollow nanofibers, respectively. Hansen’s solubility parameters are used to systematically optimize the solvent selection for each layer and control the degree of miscibility of layers with the purpose of tailoring the final wall morphology of nanofibers. Characterization studies are performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer.
Revision of the American Species of Genus Xyalaspis (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Anacharitinae)
Authors: Mata-Casanova Noel , Selfa Jesús , Pujade-Villar Juli 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A revision of Xyalaspis (Hymenoptera: Anacharitinae) in the American continent is presented. This genus is mentioned for the first time from the Neotropical region. Xyalaspis flavipes Ashmead, 1896 is synonymized with Xyalaspis microstyla Kieffer, 1907 and is found in the Neotropical region. Five new species are described: Xyalaspis aberrans n. sp. (from the Neotropic), Xyalaspis alveolata n. sp. (from the Neotropic), Xyalaspis arapahoe n. sp. (from the Nearctic), Xyalaspis hirsuta n. sp. (from both regions), and Xyalaspis pilosa n. sp. (from the Neotropic). Diagnostic characters of each species are illustrated and data on the biology, distribution, and mesoscutum sculpturing of the genus Xyalaspis are discussed. A key for differentiating the America species of Xyalaspis is presented.
Culture-Independent Analysis of Bacterial Communities in the Gut of Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Lu Fang , Kang Xiaoying , Lorenz Gus , Espino Luis , Jiang Mingxing , Way Michael O 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Gut bacteria play important roles in the biology of insects. In this study, gut bacterial communities were investigated in the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is a serious pest in rice growing-areas of the United States and some Asian countries. Overwintered female adults were collected from rice plants in five geographic locations: Beaumont, TX; Colt, AR; and Biggs, CA; in the United States, and Tanghai of Hebei and Yueqing of Zhejiang in China. Using polymerase chain reaction, bacterial 16S rRNA clone libraries were constructed. From the libraries, we identified 19 bacterial phylotypes (operational taxonomic units, OTUs). Of them, only 3–5 OTUs were identified in each population, except in the Beaumont weevils, which had 10 OTUs. The OTUs were affiliated with the bacteria in six classes of four phyla: α-, β-, γ-proteobacteria, Bacilli, Sphingobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with the γ-proteobacteria being the richest. Bacteria of the genera Pantoea and Wolbachia were detected in all weevil populations examined. There were also some bacteria that were specifically detected in certain locations but had a high relative abundance, such as the ones matched to Enterobacter oryzae, Lactococcus lactis, and Rickettsia felis. Geographic variations were found among bacterial communities in their richness, diversity, and evenness. This was the first study depicting a detailed profile of bacterial communities in L. oryzophilus, and the results provide important information for future studies on the bacterial functions, mutual interactions, and use for developing a biocontrol technique against this weevil.
Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Tolerance to Heat
Authors: Hall David G , Hentz Matthew G 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important citrus pest because it vectors bacteria responsible for a serious citrus disease known as huanglongbing (also called citrus greening disease). We conducted research on Asian citrus psyllid heat tolerance, with special emphasis on identifying heat treatments lethal to adult Asian citrus psyllid. Working with an Asian citrus psyllid colony maintained at 27°C, we assessed survival of adult Asian citrus psyllid exposed to temperatures of 43–60°C for various durations in a laboratory oven. We found under our experimental conditions that adult Asian citrus psyllid cannot survive at 50°C for more than ≈10 min and that death occurred faster at higher temperatures; males tended to be more heat-tolerant than females; young adults were less tolerant of high temperatures than older adults; adult Asian citrus psyllids predisposed to warmer temperatures were more heat-tolerant than those predisposed to cooler temperatures; and heat treatments lethal to adult Asian citrus psyllids were lethal to eggs and usually lethal to nymphs. Adult Asian citrus psyllids were less tolerant of heat treatments in the oven when the humidity level was high than when it was low. A number of heat treatments lethal to adult Asian citrus psyllid in an oven situation can be identified from the results of this research and would be useful to regulatory agencies interested in eliminating adult Asian citrus psyllids from shipments of citrus leaves destined for culinary or medicinal markets. Among a number of candidate treatments, 60°C for at least 10 min would be effective against all Asian citrus psyllid life stages and faster killing than lower temperatures.
Cost-Effectiveness of a 14-Gene Risk Score Assay to Target Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Stage Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roth Joshua A. , Billings Paul , Ramsey Scott D. , Dumanois Robert , Carlson Josh J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurpose.Life Technologies has developed a 14-gene molecular assay that provides information about the risk of death in early stage non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients after surgery. The assay can be used to identify patients at highest risk of mortality, informing subsequent treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this novel assay.Patients and Methods.We developed a Markov model to estimate life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs for testing versus standard care. Risk-group classification was based on assay-validation studies, and chemotherapy uptake was based on pre- and post-testing recommendations from a study of 58 physicians. We evaluated three chemotherapy-benefit scenarios: moderately predictive (base case), nonpredictive (i.e., the same benefit for each risk group), and strongly predictive. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and performed one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Results.In the base case, testing and standard-care strategies resulted in 6.81 and 6.66 life years, 3.76 and 3.68 QALYs, and $122,400 and $118,800 in costs, respectively. The ICER was $23,200 per QALY (stage I: $29,200 per QALY; stage II: $12,200 per QALY). The ICER ranged from “dominant” to $92,100 per QALY in the strongly predictive and nonpredictive scenarios. The model was most sensitive to the proportion of high-risk patients receiving chemotherapy and the high-risk hazard ratio. The 14-gene risk score assay strategy was cost-effective in 68% of simulations.Conclusion.Our results suggest that the 14-gene risk score assay may be a cost-effective alternative to standard guideline-based adjuvant chemotherapy decision making in early stage non-small cell lung cancer.
L-alaninium perrhenate: crystal structure and non-linear optical properties
Authors: Rodrigues Vitor , Costa Maria , Gomes Etelvina , Isakov Dmitry , Belsley Michael 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The crystal structure and non-linear optical properties of L-alaninium perrhenate, C3H8NO2+ ReO4
−, are reported. The protonated amino acid and the perrhenate anion have their usual geometries. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network can be seen as a stacking of layers parallel to the (100) planes. Each layer is formed by chains of alternating positive and negative ions along the b and c axes. Hydrogen bonding of adjacent layers forms alternating chains along the a axis. A high damage threshold and a second-harmonic generation efficiency three times that of KDP make this new material potentially useful in non-linear optics.
WDR5, ASH2L, and RBBP5 control the efficiency of FOS transcript processing
Authors: Teoh Peik , Sharrocks Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractH3K4 trimethylation is strongly associated with active transcription. The deposition of this mark is catalyzed by SET-domain methyltransferases, which consist of a subcomplex containing WDR5, ASH2L, and RBBP5 (the WAR subcomplex); a catalytic SET-domain protein; and additional complexspecific subunits. The ERK MAPK pathway also plays an important role in gene regulation via phosphorylation of transcription factors, co-regulators, or histone modifier complexes. However, the potential interactions between these two pathways remain largely unexplored. We investigated their potential interplay in terms of the regulation of the immediate early gene (IEG) regulatory network. We found that depletion of components of the WAR subcomplex led to increased levels of unspliced transcripts of IEGs that did not necessarily reflect changes in their mature transcripts. This occurs in a manner independent from changes in the H3K4me3 levels at the promoter region. We focused on FOS and found that the depletion of WAR subcomplex components affected the efficiency of FOS transcript processing. Our findings show a new aspect of WAR subcomplex function in coordinating active transcription with efficient pre-mRNA processing.
Functional Disability in Older Adults Maintained on Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy
Authors: Ulutas Ozkan , Farragher Janine , Chiu Ernest , Cook Wendy L. , Jassal Sarbjit V. 
Published: April 2014

♦ Background Older in-center hemodialysis patients have a high burden of functional disability. However, little is known about patients on home chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). As patients opting for home dialysis are expected to play a greater role in their own dialysis care, we hypothesized that a relatively low number of PD patients would require help with basic self-care tasks (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). ♦ Methods We used a cross-sectional study design to measure the proportion of patients aged 65 years and older undergoing outpatient PD who needed help with day-to-day activities. Patients living in nursing homes were excluded from the study. Functional dependence in ADL and IADL tasks were measured by the Barthel and Lawton Scales. Physical performance measures used included the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, chair stands and Folstein mini-mental score (MMSE). ♦Results A total of 74 of 76 (97%) eligible PD patients participated. Patients had a mean age of 76.2 ± 7.5 years. Thirty-six percent had impaired MMSE scores, 69% were unable to stand from a chair without the use of their arms and 51% had abnormal TUG scores. Only 8 patients (11%) were fully independent for both ADL and IADL activities. Dependence in one or more ADL activity was reported by 64% of participants, while 89% reported dependence in one or more IADL. ♦Conclusions Impaired physical and functional performance is common in older patients maintained on PD. Collaborative geriatric-renal programs may be beneficial within the dialysis community.
Spécificités du travail relationnel avec les systèmes familiaux d'adolescents hospitalisés présentant des troubles psychiatriques sévères et des troubles sévères du comportement judiciarisés
Authors: Hoffman Deborah , Piccinin Bruno , Servais Laurent 
Published: April 2014

Après une brève contextualisation de l’origine de notre dispositif de soins hospitaliers et une description de la population adolescente que nous accueillons, illustrée par deux vignettes cliniques, nous partagerons nos convictions sur l’utilité de travailler avec les systèmes familiaux carencés, négligents et régulièrement maltraitants de ces adolescents, dans le but de favoriser leur autonomisation. Nous tenterons également d’expliciter les moyens mis en œuvre pour « apprivoiser » et travailler avec ces systèmes familiaux blessés, méfiants, voire rejetant toute intervention à visée thérapeutique. Ces deux questions du « pourquoi » et du « comment » mener ce travail systémique seront illustrées par les deux mêmes vignettes cliniques.
STAT3, STAT4, NFATc1, and CTCF Regulate PD-1 through Multiple Novel Regulatory Regions in Murine T Cells
Authors: Austin James W. , Lu Peiyuan , Majumder Parimal , Ahmed Rafi , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a crucial negative regulator of CD8 T cell development and function, yet the mechanisms that control its expression are not fully understood. Through a nonbiased DNase I hypersensitivity assay, four novel regulatory regions within the Pdcd1 locus were identified. Two of these elements flanked the locus, bound the transcriptional insulator protein CCCTC-binding factor, and interacted with each other, creating a potential regulatory compartmentalization of the locus. In response to T cell activation signaling, NFATc1 bound to two of the novel regions that function as independent regulatory elements. STAT binding sites were identified in these elements as well. In splenic CD8 T cells, TCR-induced PD-1 expression was augmented by IL-6 and IL-12, inducers of STAT3 and STAT4 activity, respectively. IL-6 or IL-12 on its own did not induce PD-1. Importantly, STAT3/4 and distinct chromatin modifications were associated with the novel regulatory regions following cytokine stimulation. The NFATc1/STAT regulatory regions were found to interact with the promoter region of the Pdcd1 gene, providing a mechanism for their action. Together these data add multiple novel distal regulatory regions and pathways to the control of PD-1 expression and provide a molecular mechanism by which proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 or IL-12, can augment PD-1 expression.
Opposing Impact of B Cell–Intrinsic TLR7 and TLR9 Signals on Autoantibody Repertoire and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Jackson Shaun W. , Scharping Nicole E. , Kolhatkar Nikita S. , Khim Socheath , Schwartz Marc A. , Li Quan-Zhen , Hudkins Kelly L. , Alpers Charles E. , Liggitt Denny , Rawlings David J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies targeting nucleic acid–associated Ags. The endosomal TLRs TLR7 and TLR9 are critical for generation of Abs targeting RNA- or DNA-associated Ags, respectively. In murine lupus models, deletion of TLR7 limits autoimmune inflammation, whereas deletion of TLR9 exacerbates disease. Whether B cell or myeloid TLR7/TLR9 signaling is responsible for these effects has not been fully addressed. In this study, we use a chimeric strategy to evaluate the effect of B cell–intrinsic deletion of TLR7 versus TLR9 in parallel lupus models. We demonstrate that B cell–intrinsic TLR7 deletion prevents RNA-associated Ab formation, decreases production of class-switched Abs targeting nonnuclear Ags, and limits systemic autoimmunity. In contrast, B cell–intrinsic TLR9 deletion results in decreased DNA-reactive Ab, but increased Abs targeting a broad range of systemic autoantigens. Further, we demonstrate that B cell–intrinsic TLR9 deletion results in increased systemic inflammation and immune complex glomerulonephritis, despite intact TLR signaling within the myeloid compartment. These data stress the critical importance of dysregulated B cell–intrinsic TLR signaling in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.