bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress on bio‐based thermosetting resins
Authors: Ma Songqi , Li Tingting , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhu Jin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCompared with the rapid progress on bio‐based thermoplastics, research on bio‐based thermosetting resins should have attracted much more attention, considering that they will have a bright future. In this paper, the current research progress on bio‐based thermosetting resins is reviewed. We pay special attention to the synthesis and investigation of properties of epoxies and unsaturated polyesters derived from renewable plant oil, cardanol, rosin acid, lignin, glycerol, gallic acid, furan, isosorbide, itaconic acid, etc. This mini review gives an overall perspective for bio‐based thermosets.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of irradiation by ultraviolet light on ureido‐pyrimidinone based biomaterials
Authors: Mollet Björne B. , Nakano Yoko , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Spiering A. J. H. , Vekemans Jef A. J. M. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSupramolecular polymers based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) represent a promising class of biocompatible materials for medical applications. Here, the chemical modification effect of UV irradiation, used to sterilize these materials, is studied. Besides anticipated crosslinking effects, UV irradiation causes telechelic UPy‐polymers to become fluorescent. UPy‐model compounds confirm a relation between UV‐induced changes and the UPy‐moiety. UV‐induced fluorescence and IR‐spectral changes are (partially) reversible by heat and/or solvent treatment. The results indicate the presence of at least two distinct UV‐induced molecular species. UPy‐model compounds with specific tautomeric forms directly relate fluorescence to UPy‐enol tautomers. Photo‐enolization is hypothesized to occur via an excited‐state intermolecular double proton transfer. Changes in UPy‐tautomeric equilibrium and crosslinking are factors that influence the dynamics of UPy‐based materials. Identification and understanding of such factors will aid in the successful application of these materials, for example as biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 81–90
Palliative care and spiritual well‐being in lung cancer patients and family caregivers
Authors: Sun Virginia , Kim Jae Y. , Irish Terry L. , Borneman Tami , Sidhu Rupinder K. , Klein Linda , Ferrell Betty 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundSpiritual well‐being is an important dimension of quality of life (QOL) and is a core component of quality oncology and palliative care. In this analysis, we aimed to describe spiritual well‐being outcomes in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐supported Program Project that tested the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in lung cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCGs).MethodsPatients undergoing treatments for NSCLC and their FCGs were enrolled in a prospective, quasi‐experimental study. Patients and FCGs in the intervention group were presented at interdisciplinary care meetings and received four educational sessions that included one session focused on spiritual well‐being. Spiritual well‐being for patients was measured using the FACIT‐Sp‐12, and FCG spiritual well‐being was measured using the COH‐QOL‐FCG spiritual well‐being subscale. Multivariate analysis of covariance was undertaken for subscale and item scores at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline, by religious affiliations (yes or no) and group assignment.ResultsReligiously affiliated patients reported better scores in the Faith subscale and items on finding strength and comfort in faith and spiritual beliefs compared to non‐affiliated patients. Non‐affiliated patients had better scores for feeling a sense of harmony within oneself. By group, patients who received the intervention had significantly better scores for the Meaning/Peace subscale.ConclusionsOur findings support the multidimensionality of spiritual well‐being that includes constructs such as meaning and faith for lung cancer patients and FCGs with or without religious affiliations. Palliative care interventions should include content that targets the spiritual needs of both patients and FCGs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family involvement for breast cancer decision making among Chinese–American women
Authors: Lee Shiuyu Katie C. , Knobf M. Tish 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo describe family involvement in decision making for primary treatment in Chinese–American women with early‐stage breast cancer.MethodsQualitative data were collected in 2003 from semi‐structured questions in interviews with a sample of Chinese–American (ChA) women with breast cancer, who were recruited from the metropolitan New York area. Responses to the questions were written in Chinese immediately during the interview and read back to the subject for accuracy and validation. Content analysis was used to inductively code and analyze the data to generate themes.ResultsThe participants consisted of 123 ChA women with early stage breast cancer with a mean age of 48.7 years (±9.3) and who had lived in the United States a median of 13.6 years. Support and Caring was the major theme that described family involvement in the breast cancer decision‐making process. Gathering Information, Being There, Navigating the Health Care System, Maintaining Family Life and Making the Decision described the aspects of family support in the process. The majority of women described the treatment decision making as a collaborative supportive process with the family, but limited English fluency, strong opinions, lack of a shared perspective, distant living proximity and competing work responsibilities of family members were stressful for the women and perceived as non‐supportive.ConclusionsFamily involvement in health care decision making is culturally embedded in Asian populations. Culturally sensitive patient and family consultation strategies are needed to assist informed treatment decision making in Chinese–American women diagnosed with breast cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete orientational access for semipolar GaN devices on sapphire
Authors: Leung Benjamin , Wang Dili , Kuo Yu‐Sheng , Han Jung 
Published: September 2015

Semipolar () GaN light‐emitting diodes and () GaN films are demonstrated on sapphire substrates. The processes developed here embody all the required steps in order to produce planar semipolar devices on sapphire substrates with complete control of the crystallographic orientation. Theoretical and experimentally observed aspects of semipolar materials and devices on bulk substrates are reviewed, including device performance and orientation‐dependent material properties. This summary motivates the use of particular semipolar orientations having Miller indices (hkil), with l < 0, such as () and (). These orientations have not, as of yet, been shown to be obtained using sapphire substrates. With the appropriate nitridation and buffer layer growth condition on stripe‐patterned sapphire, high quality single crystal () GaN films have been achieved. Demonstration of surface planarization, device layer regrowth, and LED operation, performed here on semipolar () GaN, detail the processes to enable planar semipolar‐based devices on sapphire with these unique orientations. With these advances, the required foundation has been put into place to allow access to the potentially highest performance semipolar planes while using economically feasible, large area sapphire substrates.Processes to produce () LED devices (top left) on GaN films grown on full 2″ sapphire substrates (bottom left) are described in this paper. The achievement of () GaN paves the way toward achieving full orientational access on sapphire substrates (right).
Prenatal diagnosis of left ventricular diverticulum and coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Hunter L. E. , Pushparajah K. , Miller O. , Anderson D. , Simpson J. M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCongenital left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) is a rare abnormality of the myocardium which has been detected previously in the fetus. Lesions have been reported from as early as 12 weeks' gestation but are more commonly detected in the mid‐second trimester. Fetal presentation of LVD ranges from an abnormal four‐chamber view of the heart, arrhythmia or isolated pericardial effusion to fetal hydrops with associated heart failure. Here, we describe the prenatal diagnosis of an infant with LVD originating from the left ventricular outflow tract associated with coarctation of the aorta. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by two‐dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesize that the lesion compromised antegrade flow into the transverse aortic arch, which may have contributed to underdevelopment of the aortic arch and subsequently the development of coarctation of the aorta. This is a unique case of LVD and coarctation of the aorta. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A 1,2,4‐Triazole‐based Polynuclear Mixed‐valence MnIIMnIII Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Property
Authors: Liu Hui , Sui Xin , Zhang Jingyan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA mixed‐valence Mn complex {[MnIIMnIII(HL)2(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)2]·(ClO4)(DMF)3(4,4′‐bpy)0.5}n (1) [H2L = 3‐(2‐phenol)‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole] was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis and magnetic susceptibility. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that complex 1 has a dinuclear core, in which adjacent central MnIII atoms are linked by 4,4′‐bipyridine to form an infinite one‐dimensional (1D) molecular configuration. According to the Mn surrounding bond lengths and bond valence sum (BVS) calculations, we demonstrated that the Mn atom coordinated to the pyridine N atoms is in the +2 oxidation state, while another Mn atom coordinated to the phenolic oxygen atoms is in the +3 oxidation state. Magnetic susceptibility data of the complex 1 indicate that the ferromagnetic interaction dominates in this complex.
A New Energetic Complex [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]·2NO3: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Thermal Decomposition for Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Li Bing , Han Jing , Yang Qingfeng , Tian Xianyan , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe energetic complex, [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]·2NO3 (1) [2,4,3‐tpt = 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐ 4‐(4'‐pyridyl)‐5‐(3′‐pyridyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole], was synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The title complex is a 0D motif with a unit of [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]2+, whereas NO3– ions not only act as counter anions to balance the charge of the CoII cations, but also provide hydrogen bond interactions, which make the 0D motif into a 1D chain. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with complex 1 was explored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) over the temperature range from 50–500 °C. AP is completely decomposed in a shorter time in the presence of complex 1, and the decomposition heat of the mixture is 2.143 kJ g–1, significantly higher than pure AP. By Kissinger's method, the ratio of Ea/ln(A) is 11.87 for the mixture, which indicates that complex 1 shows good catalytic activity toward AP decomposition.
Fire‐stimulated reproduction in the resprouting, non‐serotinous conifer Podocarpus drouynianus (Podocarpaceae): the impact of a changing fire regime
Authors: Nield Andrew P. , Enright Neal J. , Ladd Philip G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpecies with fire stimulated reproduction (fsr) are common in Mediterranean climate ecosystems. We investigated how season of, and time since, fire affects seed production in Podocarpus drouynianus F. Muell., a dioecious resprouting coniferous shrub endemic to the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Sm.) forests of southwestern Australia, and if the now largely managed fire regime in these forests poses a risk to its persistence. We hypothesised that, like other species showing fsr, seed production in P. drouynianus would be limited to the first few years following fire and seed set would be lower after spring burns. Mature plants regenerated rapidly from buried stem tissue (lignotuber) after fire, producing abundant sporophylls in autumn 12–18 months later. Stands burnt in autumn showed peak seed production 1 year later, while for those burned in spring, peak seed production was delayed until the second autumn after fire. Limited seed production occurred for up to 3 years following fire, but no seed production was observed in longer unburnt (>10 years since fire) stands. While we did not observe a significant impact of fire season on seed production, seed weight and viability were lower for spring‐burnt plants. Population‐level effects associated with plant density may also have negative impacts on P. drouynianus demography, with females within a small population burnt in autumn producing very few seeds 12 months following fire. Interactions between climate change, fire regimes and fire management practices need to be considered in order to best safeguard the long‐term persistence of this conifer species.
EasyClone 2.0: expanded toolkit of integrative vectors for stable gene expression in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Stovicek Vratislav , Borja Gheorghe M , Forster Jochen , Borodina Irina 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the key cell factories for production of chemicals and active pharmaceuticals. For large-scale fermentations, particularly in biorefinery applications, it is desirable to use stress-tolerant industrial strains. However, such strains are less amenable for metabolic engineering than the standard laboratory strains. To enable easy delivery and overexpression of genes in a wide range of industrial S. cerevisiae strains, we constructed a set of integrative vectors with long homology arms and dominant selection markers. The vectors integrate into previously validated chromosomal locations via double cross-over and result in homogenous stable expression of the integrated genes, as shown for several unrelated industrial strains. Cre-mediated marker rescue is possible for removing markers positioned on different chromosomes. To demonstrate the applicability of the presented vector set for metabolic engineering of industrial yeast, we constructed xylose-utilizing strains overexpressing xylose isomerase, xylose transporter and five genes of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Use of the Burch–Schneider cage and structural allografts in complex acetabular deficiency: 3‐ to 10‐year follow up
Authors: Hsu Chieh‐Cheng , Hsu Chi‐Hsiang , Yen Shih‐Hsiang , Wang Jun‐Wen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the clinical outcomes and complications of structural allografts and Burch–Schneider antiprotrusio cages to treat severe acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Between July 2003 and December 2010, 29 patients (representing 31 hips) underwent revision THA using structural allografts and Burch–Schneider cages for acetabular reconstruction. The patients had a mean age of 59 years (range, 37–79 years). Seventeen hips had a Paprosky IIIA defect, 12 hips had a IIIB defect, and two hips had a pelvic discontinuity (PD) acetabular defect. After a mean follow up of 5.5 years (range, 3.0–10.5 years), all patients, except for two patients with recurrent infections, significantly improved, based on the mean Harris hip score (30 points vs. 67 points, p < 0.001) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) score (65 points vs. 32 points, p < 0.001). Using re‐revision surgery as the endpoint, the cage had a survival rate of 76% [95%, confidence interval (CI), 67.4–84.6%] at 5 years and 57% (95% CI, 39.3–74.7%) at 10 years. Other complications included hip dislocation [3 (9.7%) hips]; deep infection [3 (9.7%) hips]; and sciatic nerve impingement, vesicle‐acetabular fistula, and leg lengthening [1 (3.2%) hip]. There was a trend toward a higher failure rate in hips with four revisions, compared to hips with three revisions or fewer (p = 0.055). Three hips with a failed cage underwent re‐revision surgery using a standard noncemented acetabular component. In conclusion, a structural allograft with Burch–Schneider antiprotrusio cage for complex acetabular defect is a technique‐demanding procedure with a 5‐year survival rate of 76%. Even with failed cage reconstruction, re‐revision surgery with a noncemented acetabular component may be feasible once the allograft has healed.
Emergency Medical Service in the US National Park Service: A Characterization and Two-Year Review, 2012–2013
Authors: Lane Jeffrey P. , Taylor Bonnaleigh , Smith William R. , Wheeler Albert R. 
Published: September 2015

Objective Visitors to US National Park Service (NPS) units have a unique set of needs in terms of emergency medical care. The purpose of this review is to quantify and characterize emergency medical services (EMS) activities in the NPS to elaborate on its unique aspects, establish trends, and benchmark these data against a sample of national EMS data. Methods The EMS data for calendar years 2012 and 2013 were queried from national NPS reports. Results The EMS responses totaled 40 calls per million visitors in 2012 and 34 calls per million visitors in 2013. Of those, 75% required a basic life support level of care. There were comparable incidences of transported EMS trauma calls (49%) and medical calls (51%). Of a total of 137 sudden cardiac arrest events, 65% of patients received defibrillation and 26% survived to hospital release. There were 262 total fatalities in 2012 and 238 in 2013, with traumatic fatalities occurring approximately twice as often as nontraumatic fatalities. Conclusions Across the country, the NPS responded to a large number of EMS calls each year, but with a relatively low frequency, considering the large number of visitors. This is a challenging setting in which to provide consistent EMS care throughout various NPS administered areas. The typical NPS EMS response provided basic life support level care to visitors with traumatic injuries. The NPS caregivers must be prepared, however, to respond to a varied and diverse range of EMS calls.
Turbulence in a transient channel flow with a wall of pyramid roughness
Authors: Seddighi M. , He S. , Pokrajac D. , O’Donoghue T. , Vardy A. E. 
Published: September 2015

A direct numerical simulation investigation of a transient flow in a channel with a smooth top wall and a roughened bottom wall made of close-packed pyramids is presented. An initially stationary turbulent flow is accelerated rapidly to a new flow rate and the transient flow behaviour after the acceleration is studied. The equivalent roughness heights of the initial and final flows are $k_{s}^{+}=14.5$ and 41.5, respectively. Immediately after the acceleration ends, the induced change behaves in a ‘plug-flow’ manner. Above the roughness crests, the additional velocity due to the perturbation flow is uniform; below the crest, it reduces approximately linearly to zero at the bottom of the roughness elements. The interaction of the perturbation flow with the rough wall is characterised by a series of events that resemble those observed in roughness-induced laminar–turbulent transitions. The process has two broad stages. In the first of these, large-scale vortices, comparable in extent to the roughness wavelength, develop around each roughness element and high-speed streaks form along the ridge lines of the elements. After a short time, each vortex splits into two, namely (i) a standing vortex in front of the element and (ii) a counter-rotating hairpin vortex behind it. The former is largely inactive, but the latter advects downstream with increasing strength, and later lifts away from the wall. These hairpin vortices wrap around strong low-speed streaks. The second stage of the overall process is the breakdown of the hairpin vortices into many smaller multi-scale vortices distributed randomly in space, leading eventually to a state of conventional turbulence. Shortly after the beginning of the first stage, the three components of the r.m.s of the velocity fluctuation all increase significantly in the near-wall region as a result of the vortical structures, and their spectra bear strong signatures of the surface topology. During the second stage, the overall turbulence energy in this region varies only slightly, but the spectrum evolves significantly, eventually approaching that of conventional turbulence. The direct effect of roughness on the flow is confined to a region up to approximately three element heights above the roughness crests. Turbulence in the core region does not begin to increase until after the transition near the wall is largely complete. The processes of transition over the smooth and rough walls of the channel are practically independent of each other. The flow over the smooth wall follows a laminar–turbulent transition and, as known from previous work, resembles a free-stream turbulence-induced boundary layer bypass transition.
Community Institutions and Initial Diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in China's Banking Industry
Authors: Sun Junxiu , Wang Feng , Wang Fanghua , Yin Haitao 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe existing literature does not provide adequate insight into the initial diffusion of new management practices, especially those that yield no immediate economic benefits, and have not yet gained legitimacy. We study how firms’ local institutional environments influence early adoption behavior, examining the spread of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports in China's banking industry from 2006 to 2011. We find that banks are more likely to be first movers of CSR reporting if they operate in communities where more companies publish CSR reports or where there are guidelines encouraging CSR reporting, and the impacts of these two institutional factors are further moderated by the length of time that banks have operated in communities. Our study highlights the usefulness of institutional theory in understanding the initial adoption of new management practices, when the organizational field is defined as a geographic community instead of an industry sector and its supply chain.
A taxonomic review of white grubs and leaf chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) recorded from forestry and agricultural crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Harrison J.du G. , Wingfield M.J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) is difficult to implement when one knows little about the pest complex or species causing the damage in an agricultural system. To implement IPM on Sub-Saharan African melolonthine pests access to taxon specific knowledge (their identity) and what is known (their biology) of potential pest species is a crucial step. What is known about Sub-Saharan African melolonthine white grubs and chafers has not yet been amalgamated, and this review thus synthesizes all available literature for the Region. The comprehensive nature of the review highlights pest taxon trends within African melolonthines. To facilitate the retrieval of this information for IPM purposes, all relevant taxonomic and biological information is provided for the taxa covered including an on-line supplementary annotated-checklist of taxon, crop, locality and reference(s). Based on the literature reviewed, recommendations are made to promote effective and efficient management of African melolonthine scarab pests. An on-line supplementary appendix provides a list of specialists, useful internet resources, keys, catalogues and sampling methods for the larvae and adults of melolonthine scarab beetles for subsequent morphological or molecular work.