bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing and characterizing dynamics of cellular devices in cellular data network through massive data analysis
Authors: Liu Jun , Chang Nan , Zhang Sanguo , Lei Zhenming 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe user clients for accessing Internet are increasingly shifting from desktop computers to cellular devices. To be competitive in the rapidly changing market, operators, Internet service providers and application developers are required to have the capability of recognizing the models of cellular devices and understanding the traffic dynamics of cellular data network. In this paper, we propose a novel Jaccard measurement‐based method to recognize cellular device models from network traffic data. This method is implemented as a scalable paralleled MapReduce program and achieves a high accuracy, 91.5%, in the evaluation with 2.9 billion traffic records collected from the real network. Based on the recognition results, we conduct a comprehensive study of three characteristics of network traffic from device model perspective, the network access time, the traffic volume, and the diurnal patterns. The analysis results show that the distribution of network access time can be modeled by a two‐component Gaussian mixture model, and the distribution of traffic volumes is highly skewed and follows the power law. In addition, seven distinct diurnal patterns of cellular device usage are identified by applying unsupervised clustering algorithm on the collected massive traffic data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope Effect of Thermopower in the TTFCOONH3Ph Single Crystal
Authors: Kobayashi Yuka , Sumi Satoshi , Terauchi Takeshi , Iwai Hideo , Tanaka Akihiro , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Sato Akira 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe thermopowers of single‐crystalline anilinium tetrathiafulvalene‐2‐carboxylate (TTFCOONH3Ph) and its deuteriated form (TTFCOOND3Ph) have been examined at room temperature, and a significant isotope effect was found: 102 μV/K for TTFCOONH3Ph, and 48 μV/K for TTFCOOND3Ph, which amounts to a difference of a factor of around two. The origin of the difference, for example, X‐ray crystal structure and doping level, was examined based on chemical and physical characterizations, and it was found that very low ion transport drastically enhances the thermopower of holes, giving rise to the large isotope effect.
Bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants and ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in southern California round stingrays (Urobatis halleri) exposed to planar aromatic compounds
Authors: Lyons Kady , Lavado Ramon , Schlenk Daniel , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

While contaminant concentrations have been reported for elasmobranchs around the world, no studies have examined bioaccumulation patterns across male and female age classes. The round stingray (Urobatis halleri) is a local benthic species that forages near areas of high organochlorine contamination and represents a good elasmobranch model. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, and chlordanes were measured in juvenile and adult male and female stingrays from areas in southern California, USA (n = 208), and a nearby offshore island, Santa Catalina (n = 34). Both mainland juvenile male and female stingrays showed a significant dilution effect. After maturity, summed contaminant concentrations significantly increased with size for adult males (median 11.1 µg/g lipid wt) and females (5.2 µg/g lipid wt). However, the rate of bioaccumulation was substantially greater in male stingrays than in females, likely a result of the females' ability to offload contaminants to offspring during pregnancy. In addition, males and females showed significant differences in their contaminant profiles, suggesting differential habitat use. Male and female stingrays collected from Santa Catalina Island had significantly lower concentrations (0.51 µg/g and 0.66 µg/g lipid wt, respectively), approximately 5 times less than those of mainland animals. Potential toxicity effects mediated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor were explored through ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity assays. Mainland male stingrays exhibited significantly greater EROD activities than Catalina males (481 pmol/min/mg protein and 55 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively); however, activity levels in female stingrays from both locations were comparable (297 pmol/min/mg protein and 234 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively) and lower than those in mainland males. The results suggest that PCBs and/or other structurally related contaminants may be inducing a biological response in mainland males but not females, possibly the result of a dampening effect of estradiol; however, the exact physiological repercussions of exposure remain to be determined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1380–1390. © 2014 SETAC
Synthesis of small libraries of natural products: New esters of long‐chain alcohols from the essential oil of Scandix pecten‐veneris L. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica Z. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTScandix pecten‐veneris L. (Apiaceae) is a weed species used in Iran and Turkey for medicinal purposes. The latest phytochemical reports on this umbellifer date to the 1980s. Motivated by a recent discovery of a series of chemotaxonomically important volatile long‐chain n‐alkyl isomeric butanoates and pentanoates from a related taxon, S. balansae, the aim of this work was to reinvestigate the chemical composition of the essential oil of S. pecten‐veneris. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of the root, aerial part and fruit essential oils revealed the presence of 14 isomeric butanoates and pentanoates of long‐chain 1‐alkanols (C13–C18, C21 and C23). A small synthetic library of the tentatively identified esters allowed the final identity corroboration and screening of their antimicrobial activity. Among 123 successfully identified compounds in seven samples, seven esters (n‐C15, C17, C21 and C23 isobutyrates, as well as n‐C13, C15 and C17 isovalerates) turned out to be new natural metabolites and these were fully spectrally characterized (nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, MS). All detected esters were quantified by GC with flame ionization detector (FID) calibration curves: 0.02–3.27 mg of these esters per 100 g of dry roots, aerial parts or fruits. The availability of the synthetic library made it possible to examine structure–antimicrobial activity relationships. The reinvestigation of S. pecten‐veneris essential oil by standard analytical methods and the application of the synthetic approach presented the possibility of identifying very rare minor plant metabolites previously unidentifiable and provided relevant data for dereplication of other related secondary metabolites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attribution of emotions to body postures: An independent component analysis study of functional connectivity in autism
Authors: Libero Lauren E. , Stevens Carl E. , Kana Rajesh K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ability to interpret others' body language is a vital skill that helps us infer their thoughts and emotions. However, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to have difficulty in understanding the meaning of people's body language, perhaps leading to an overarching deficit in processing emotions. The current fMRI study investigates the functional connectivity underlying emotion and action judgment in the context of processing body language in high‐functioning adolescents and young adults with autism, using an independent components analysis (ICA) of the fMRI time series. While there were no reliable group differences in brain activity, the ICA revealed significant involvement of occipital and parietal regions in processing body actions; and inferior frontal gyrus, superior medial prefrontal cortex, and occipital cortex in body expressions of emotions. In a between‐group analysis, participants with autism, relative to typical controls, demonstrated significantly reduced temporal coherence in left ventral premotor cortex and right superior parietal lobule while processing emotions. Participants with ASD, on the other hand, showed increased temporal coherence in left fusiform gyrus while inferring emotions from body postures. Finally, a positive predictive relationship was found between empathizing ability and the brain areas underlying emotion processing in ASD participants. These results underscore the differential role of frontal and parietal brain regions in processing emotional body language in autism. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5204–5218, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dual facet of gamma oscillations: Separate visual and decision making circuits as revealed by simultaneous EEG/fMRI
Authors: Castelhano João , Duarte Isabel Catarina , Wibral Michael , Rodriguez Eugénio , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt remains an outstanding question whether gamma‐band oscillations reflect unitary cognitive processes within the same task. EEG/MEG studies do lack the resolution or coverage to address the highly debated question whether single gamma activity patterns are linked with multiple cognitive modules or alternatively each pattern associates with a specific cognitive module, within the same coherent perceptual task. One way to disentangle these issues would be to provide direct identification of their sources, by combining different techniques. Here, we directly examined these questions by performing simultaneous EEG/fMRI using an ambiguous perception paradigm requiring holistic integration. We found that distinct gamma frequency sub‐bands reflect different neural substrates and cognitive mechanisms when comparing object perception states vs. no categorical perception. A low gamma sub‐band (near 40 Hz) activity was tightly related to the decision making network, and in particular the anterior insula. A high gamma sub‐band (∼60 Hz) could be linked to early visual processing regions. The demonstration of a clear functional topography for distinct gamma sub‐bands within the same task shows that distinct gamma‐band modulations underlie sensory processing and perceptual decision mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5219–5235, 2014. 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oncologic outcomes of supratracheal laryngectomy: Critical analysis
Authors: Rizzotto Giuseppe , Crosetti Erika , Lucioni Marco , Bertolin Andy , Monticone Valentina , Sprio Andrea Elio , Berta Giovanni Nicolao , Succo Giovanni 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal cancer management should pursue function‐sparing therapeutic options. Even though demolitive surgery provides better control of disease at intermediate to advanced stages when compared to chemoradiotherapy, it does not preserve laryngeal function. Supratracheal partial laryngectomy has been described as a function‐sparing surgical technique for laryngeal cancer with subglottic extension.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of 115 patients who underwent supratracheal partial laryngectomy.ResultsAt 5 years, overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and locoregional control rates were 78.9%, 68.5%, and 69.6%, respectively; DFS and locoregional control prevalences were greatly affected by pT4a classification (49.0% and 51.4%, respectively); and laryngeal function preservation was maintained in 78.3% of patients despite being affected by pT4a classification (59.3%) and age ≥65 (64.6%).ConclusionFor cases with glottic tumors and with subglottic extension, the choice of supratracheal partial laryngectomy versus chemoradiotherapy can be considered to be effective in terms of prognostic and functional results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1417–1424, 2015
IGFBP-2 Directly Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Xi Gang , Wai Christine , DeMambro Victoria , Rosen Clifford J , Clemmons David R 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is important for acquisition of normal bone mass in mice; however, the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions is not defined. These studies investigated the role of IGFBP-2 in stimulating osteoblast differentiation. MC-3T3 preosteoblasts expressed IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-2 knockdown resulted in a substantial delay in osteoblast differentiation, reduced osteocalcin expression and Alizarin red staining. These findings were replicated in primary calvarial osteoblasts obtained from IGFBP-2−/− mice, and addition of IGFBP-2 rescued the differentiation program. In contrast, overexpression of IGFBP-2 accelerated the time course of differentiation as well as increasing the total number of differentiating cells. By day 6, IGFBP-2–overexpressing cells expressed twice as much osteocalcin as control cultures and this difference persisted. To determine the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 functions, the interaction between IGFBP-2 and receptor tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) was examined. Disruption of this interaction inhibited the ability of IGFBP-2 to stimulate AKT activation and osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of RPTPβ enhanced osteoblast differentiation, whereas overexpression of RPTPβ was inhibitory. Adding back IGFBP-2 to RPTPβ-overexpressing cells was able to rescue cell differentiation via enhancement of AKT activation. To determine the region of IGFBP-2 that mediated this effect, an IGFBP-2 mutant that contained substitutions of key amino acids in the heparin-binding domain-1 (HBD-1) was prepared. This mutant had a major reduction in its ability to stimulate differentiation of calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2−/− mice. Addition of a synthetic peptide that contained the HBD-1 sequence to calvarial osteoblasts from IGFBP-2−/− mice rescued differentiation and osteocalcin expression. In summary, the results clearly demonstrate that IGFBP-2 stimulates osteoblast differentiation and that this effect is mediated through its heparin-binding domain-1 interacting with RPTPβ. The results suggest that stimulation of differentiation is an important mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates the acquisition of normal bone mass in mice. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Subgroup Variations in Bone Mineral Density Response to Zoledronic Acid After Hip Fracture
Authors: Magaziner Jay S , Orwig Denise L , Lyles Kenneth W , Nordsletten Lars , Boonen Steven , Adachi Jonathan D , Recknor Chris , Colón-Emeric Cathleen S , Mesenbrink Peter , Bucci-Rechtweg Christina , Su Guoqin , Johnson Rasheeda , Pieper Carl F 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Minimizing post-fracture bone loss is an important aspect of recovery from hip fracture, and determination of factors that affect bone mineral density (BMD) response to treatment after hip fracture may assist in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. A post hoc analysis of the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial was done to determine the effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in subgroups with low-trauma hip fracture. A total of 2127 patients were randomized (1:1) to yearly infusions of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1065) or placebo (n = 1062) within 90 days of operation for low-trauma hip fracture. The 1486 patients with a baseline and at least one post-baseline BMD assessment at TH or FN (ZOL = 745, placebo = 741) were included in the analyses. Percentage change from baseline in TH and FN BMD was assessed at months 12 and 24 and compared across subgroups of hip fracture patients. Percentage change from baseline in TH and FN BMD at months 12 and 24 was greater (p &lt; 0.05) in ZOL-treated patients compared with placebo in most subgroups. Treatment-by-subgroup interactions (p &lt; 0.05) indicated that a greater effect on BMD was observed for TH BMD at month 12 in females, in patients in the lower tertile body mass index at baseline (≤22.6 kg/m2), and in patients with baseline FN BMD T-score of ≤ –2.5; for FN BMD in patients who received ZOL for &gt;6 weeks post-surgery; and for TH and FN BMD in patients with a history of one or more prior fractures. All interactions were limited to the first 12 months after treatment with none observed for the 24-month comparisons. (Clinical trial registration number NCT00046254.) © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
In situNIR spectroscopy monitoring of plasmid production processes: effect of producing strain, medium composition and the cultivation strategy
Authors: Lopes Marta B. , Gonçalves Geisa A. L. , Felício‐Silva Daniel , Prather Kristala L. J. , Monteiro Gabriel A. , Prazeres Duarte M. F. , Calado Cecília R. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile the pharmaceutical industry keeps an eye on plasmid DNA production for new generation gene therapies, real‐time monitoring techniques for plasmid bioproduction are as yet unavailable. This work shows the possibility of in situ monitoring of plasmid production in Escherichia coli cultures using a near infrared (NIR) fiber optic probe.RESULTSPartial least squares (PLS) regression models based on the NIR spectra were developed for predicting bioprocess critical variables such as the concentrations of biomass, plasmid, carbon sources (glucose and glycerol) and acetate. In order to achieve robust models able to predict the performance of plasmid production processes, independently of the composition of the cultivation medium, cultivation strategy (batch versus fed‐batch) and E. coli strain used, three strategies were adopted, using: (i) E. coli DH5α cultures conducted under different media compositions and culture strategies (batch and fed‐batch); (ii) engineered E. coli strains, MG1655ΔendAΔrecAΔpgi and MG1655ΔendAΔrecA, grown on the same medium and culture strategy; (iii) diverse E. coli strains, over batch and fed‐batch cultivations and using different media compositions. PLS models showed high accuracy for predicting all variables in the three groups of cultures.CONCLUSIONNIR spectroscopy combined with PLS modeling provides a fast, inexpensive and contamination‐free technique to accurately monitoring plasmid bioprocesses in real time, independently of the medium composition, cultivation strategy and the E. coli strain used. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Iron ochre – a pre‐catalyst for the cracking of methane
Authors: Alharthi Abdulrahman , Blackley Ross A. , Flowers T. Hugh , Hargreaves Justin S. J. , Pulford Ian D. , Wigzell James , Zhou Wuzong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron ochres are gelatinous sludges that can cause problems in terms of water management. In this work, the application of iron ochre obtained from a river has been applied to catalytically crack methane – another potential waste product – into two useful products, hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite.RESULTSThe powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the iron ochre was found to be consistent with the expected 2‐line ferrihydrite, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis showed Fe to be a major component although some Si and Ca were present. The sample was observed to contain a fraction with a tubular morphology consistent with the presence of extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide formed by leptothrix. Upon exposure to methane at elevated temperatures, the material was found to transform into an active catalyst for hydrogen production yielding a magnetic carbon‐containing composite material comprising filamentous carbon and encapsulating graphite.CONCLUSIONThe application of two waste products – iron ochre and methane – to generate two useful products – hydrogen and a magnetic carbon‐containing composite – has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the ochre has been shown to comprise tubular morphology extra‐cellular biogenic iron oxide which may be of interest in terms of other applications. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Selection of climate information for regional climate change assessments using regionalization techniques: an example for the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA
Authors: Perdinan  , Winkler Julie A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTClimate change assessments often utilize only a small number of climate stations within the assessment region. Consequently, the selection of representative stations that capture the spatial variability of climate is an essential first step of the assessment. Furthermore, climate observations and scenarios frequently need to be linked with other (e.g. agricultural, biological, socioeconomic) datasets available at varying spatial resolutions in order to assess regional‐scale impacts and vulnerability. This study illustrates the utility of well‐known objective climate classification techniques in facilitating regional‐scale climate change assessments, using the Upper Great Lakes region (UGLR) of the United States as an example. A combination of principal components analysis and cluster analysis was employed to group climate stations from the US Historical Climatology Network into a small number of climate regions. The regionalization initially was performed on long‐term averages of monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation for 1971–2000, and then applied to two earlier time periods (1911–1940 and 1941–1970) to assess the sensitivity of the regionalization to the development period. The spatial variability of average monthly temperature and precipitation in the UGLR was found to be effectively represented by seven climate types. Potential applications of the regionalization for climate change assessments are illustrated. First, Euclidean distance, employed within a geographic information system (ArcGIS), provided a convenient means of assigning political units (counties) within the UGLR to the climate regions to facilitate the integration of point‐scale climate information with spatially‐aggregated datasets. Second, a minimum number of climate stations for an assessment were selected based on the climate regionalization. Finally, the regionalization was used to evaluate the spatial representativeness of a subset of climate stations that were initially chosen based on the completeness of daily observations.
Mental Health Beliefs and Their Relationship With Treatment Seeking Among U.S. OEF/OIF Veterans
Authors: Vogt Dawne , Fox Annie B. , Di Leone Brooke A. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany veterans who would benefit from mental health care do not seek treatment. The current study provided an in‐depth examination of mental health‐related beliefs and their relationship with mental health and substance abuse service use in a national sample of 640 U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans. Both concerns about mental health stigma from others and personal beliefs about mental illness and mental health treatment were examined. Data were weighted to adjust for oversampling of women and nonresponse bias. Results revealed substantial variation in the nature of OEF/OIF veterans’ mental health beliefs, with greater anticipated stigma in the workplace (M = 23.74) than from loved ones (M = 19.30), and stronger endorsement of negative beliefs related to mental health treatment‐seeking (M = 21.78) than either mental illness (M = 18.56) or mental health treatment (M = 20.34). As expected, individuals with probable mental health problems reported more negative mental health‐related beliefs than those without these conditions. Scales addressing negative personal beliefs were related to lower likelihood of seeking care (ORs = 0.80–0.93), whereas scales addressing anticipated stigma were not associated with service use. Findings can be applied to address factors that impede treatment seeking.