bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fauna Europaea: Gastrotricha
Authors: Balsamo Maria , d`Hondt Jean-Loup , Kisielewski Jacek , Todaro M. , Tongiorgi Paolo , Guidi Loretta , Grilli Paolo , de Jong Yde 
Published: August 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.
Gastrotricha are a meiobenthic phylum composed of 813 species known so far (2 orders, 17 families) of free-living microinvertebrates commonly present and actively moving on and into sediments of aquatic ecosystems, 339 of which live in fresh and brackish waters. The Fauna Europaea database includes 214 species of Chaetonotida (4 families) plus a single species of Macrodasyida incertae sedis. This paper deals with the 224 European freshwater species known so far, 9 of which, all of Chaetonotida, have been described subsequently and will be included in the next database version. Basic information on their biology and ecology are summarized, and a list of selected, main references is given. As a general conclusion the gastrotrich fauna from Europe is the best known compared with that of other continents, but shows some important gaps of knowledge in Eastern and Southern regions.
Vector Analysis, Rotational Stability, and Visual Outcome After Implantation of a New Aspheric Toric IOL
Authors: Bachernegg Alexander , Rückl Theresa , Strohmaier Clemens , Jell Gerlinde , Grabner Günther , Dexl Alois K. 
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate vector analysis, rotational stability, and refractive and visual outcome of a new toric intraocular lens (IOL) for correction of preexisting corneal astigmatism during routine cataract surgery.

METHODS:
In this prospective, interventional case series, 30 toric, aspheric Bi-Flex T toric IOLs (Medicontur Medical Engineering Ltd., Inc., Zsámbék, Hungary) were implanted in 20 consecutive patients with topographic corneal astigmatism between 1.50 and 4.00 diopters (D) and evaluated within the first year after implantation. Appropriate IOL-toric alignment was facilitated by combined imaging/eye tracking technology. Postoperative evaluation included refraction and uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA, CDVA). For each visit, photodocumentation in retroillumination was performed to evaluate toric alignment and potential toric IOL rotation. Vector analysis of refractive astigmatism was performed using the Alpins method.

RESULTS:
At 12 months postoperatively, a reduction of the refractive astigmatism from 1.93 ± 0.90 D (range: 0.50 to 4.00 D) to 0.28 ± 0.61 D (range: 0.00 to 1.50 D) could be found, with patients achieving a mean UDVA of 0.06 ± 0.16 logMAR (range: −0.18 to 0.40 logMAR; Snellen 20/20). Intraoperative to 12-month postoperative comparison of IOL axis alignment showed low levels of rotation (0.2° ± 2.41°; range: +4° to −5°). Vector analysis showed target induced astigmatism of 0.60 D @180°, surgically induced astigmatism of 0.80 D @177°, correction index of 1.02 ± 0.25, and a difference vector of 0.30 D @82°.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implantation of the new Bi-Flex T IOL was a safe, stable, and effective method to correct preexisting regular corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):513–520.]
Optimization Related to Some Nonlocal Problems of Kirchhoff Type
Authors: Emamizadeh Behrouz , Farjudian Amin , Zivari-Rezapour Mohsen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper we introduce two rearrangement optimization problems, one being a maximization and the other a minimization problem, related to a nonlocal boundary value problem of Kirchhoff type. Using the theory of rearrangements as developed by G. R. Burton, we are able to show that both problems are solvable and derive the corresponding optimality conditions. These conditions in turn provide information concerning the locations of the optimal solutions.The strict convexity of the energy functional plays a crucial role in both problems. The popular case in which the rearrangement class (i.e., the admissible set) is generated by a characteristic function is also considered. We show that in this case, the maximization problem gives rise to a free boundary problem of obstacle type, which turns out to be unstable. On the other hand, the minimization problem leads to another free boundary problem of obstacle type that is stable. Some numerical results are included to conûrm the theory.
O papel da brincadeira de faz de conta no processo de humanização de crianças ribeirinhas da Amazônia
Authors: Teixeira Sônia Regina dos Santos 
Published: August 2015

De acordo com a teoria histórico-cultural, o ser humano se humaniza reconstituindo em si e por si as características históricas da humanidade. Esse processo ocorre nas relações sociais, via atividade humana mediada por instrumentos físicos e simbólicos. Na fase pré-escolar, a brincadeira de faz de conta é a atividade que guia esse processo. Ao brincar, a criança descobre e se apropria dos conteúdos de seu universo cultural, formando suas qualidades humanas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar e discutir o papel que a brincadeira de faz de conta desempenha no processo de humanização das crianças, a partir de uma pesquisa realizada com crianças de uma turma de educação infantil de uma escola ribeirinha da Amazônia. As brincadeiras foram transcritas, organizadas em episódios e analisadas de acordo com os princípios metodológicos da análise microgenética de matriz histórico-cultural. Os resultados demonstram que as crianças ribeirinhas da Ilha do Combu, por intermédio dos signi! cados compartilhados com parceiros por ocasião das brincadeiras de faz de conta, internalizam suas relações sociais, constituindo-se, por esta via, como ribeirinhos amazônidas.
A abordagem Pikler-Loczy e a perspectiva histórico-cultural: a criança pequenininha como sujeito nas relações
Authors: Mello Suely Amaral , Singulani Renata Aparecida Dezo 
Published: August 2015

A compreensão de que o desenvolvimento humano procede das experiências de vida eeducação nos remete a buscar maneiras de promover esse desenvolvimento. À medida que se estuda a teoria histórico-cultural, percebe-se a complexidade desse processo que envolve a formação da personalidade humana desde os primeiros contatos da criança com o mundo que a rodeia. Ao mesmo tempo, pro$ ssionais e pesquisadores da educação infantil procuram compreender como se dá esse processo quando as crianças são ainda pequenininhas. Percebe-se na teoria histórico cultural um conjunto de diretrizes que orientam a produção de uma nova prática possível com os pequenininhos que, de um modo geral, sem que se compreenda a complexidade desse processo, são tratados como objetos do trabalho dos adultos e não como sujeitos em formação a partir das experiências que vivem.Quando se pensa nas características das práticas que podem surgir dessas diretrizes teóricas, pensa-se no trabalho desenvolvido pelo Instituto Pikler-Loczy e considera-se que as práticas aí desenvolvidas podem mediar a concretização das diretrizes da teoria histórico-cultural. É disso que trata este artigo. Com ele busca-se uma aproximação entre as práticas de educação das crianças pequenininhas criadas naquele instituto, na Hungria, a partir dos anos 1940 e a teoria desenvolvida por Vygotsky e seus colaboradores a partir dos anos 1920, na então União Soviética. A perspectiva é buscar elementos mediadores que concretizem a teoria, de modo que a apropriação dessa abordagem sócio-histórica
Vygotsky's theories of play, imagination and creativity in current practice: Gunilla Lindqvist's “creative pedagogy of play” in U. S. kindergartens and Swedish Reggio-Emilia inspired preschools
Authors: Nilsson Monica , Ferholt Beth 
Published: August 2015

The ideal of modern western childhood, with its emphasis on the innocence and malleability of children, has combined with various social conditions to promote adult's direction of children's play towards adult-determined developmental goals, and adult's protection of children's play from adults.However, new forms of play, in which adults actively enter into the fantasy play of young children as a means of promoting the development and quality of life of both adults and children, have recently emerged in several countries (Sweden, Serbia (the former Yugoslavia), Finland, Japan and the United States). In this paper we discuss the theoretical support for this new form of activity:we argue thatGunilla Lindqvist's reinterpretation ofVygotsky's theory of play, with its emphasis on the creative quality of play, is unique amongst contemporary Western European and American theories of play. And we describe a series of formative interventions that are both instantiations of this new form of activity and an investigation of its theoretical support, which are being conducted in theUnited States and Sweden. Researchers at the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition at the University of California, SanDiego have implemented and studied Lindqvist's creative pedagogy of play in U.S. early childhood public school classrooms. Over the past year the central component of this pedagogy, playworlds, has been introduced and studied in three Swedish Reggio-Emilia inspired preschools. In conclusion, some of the findings from these research projects are presented.
Intervenção compartilhada em uma sala de aula inclusiva: uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História
Authors: Hickmann Roseli Inês , Dalla Zen Maria Isabel , Xavier Maria Luísa Merino de Freitas 
Published: August 2015

O presente estudo buscou analisar uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História, a partir do processo de intervenção compartilhada numa sala de aula inclusiva, desenvolvida numa Escola Municipal de Porto Alegre, RS, organizada por Ciclos de Formação, na qual a turma do 1º ano do 3º ciclo investigada integrou o Projeto Docência Compartilhada. Tal projeto foi desenvolvido contemplando o planejamento didático-pedagógico e a docência em sala de aula de forma conjunta por duas professoras – uma professora licenciada em História e outra em Pedagogia. Entre os desdobramentos signi! cativos deste estudo, apontou-se a intervenção compartilhada como uma experiência metodológica para o ensino de História. Desta experiência decorreram: um inventário com os registros escritos pelas professoras-pesquisadoras e a leitura dos mesmos pelas professoras-regentes; as reuniões de discussão dos escritos e dos encaminhamentos. Percebeu-se que a partir da intervenção compartilhada, como uma experiência metodológica no ensino de História, os alunos com necessidades educativas especiais apresentaram um tempo e um modo peculiar de se apropriarem dos conhecimentos, assim como os demais alunos sentiram-se interpelados por esse modo singular de aprender. Também se constatou que as professoras-regentes transmutaram-se em protagonistas de práticas pedagógicas ressignificadas, enquanto as professoras-pesquisadoras tornaram-se aprendizes de uma postura investigativa denominada, nesse contexto, de intervenção compartilhada.
La llegada de las maras a Cataluña
Authors: Herrero Blanco Santiago 
Published: August 2015

La llegada de las maras era una de las principales amenazas vinculadas con la aparición de las primeras bandas juveniles de origen americano en España, a mediados de la década del 2000. Los niveles de violencia y la actividad delictiva que llevaban a cabo en América Central y del Norte, junto a informaciones acerca de su voluntad de expandirse por Europa, así lo confirmaban. La vistosidad de algunos de sus miembros así como sus niveles de violencia han hecho que los medios de comunicación les prestaran una especial atención, transmitiendo un mensaje, en muchos casos, alarmista y sensacionalista.No obstante, con el paso del tiempo este riesgo no se ha llegado a concretar en toda su extensión. Tanto la Mara Salvatrucha como el Barrio 18 han llegado, sí, pero lejos de apropiarse del territorio, sembrar la violencia y replicar sus prácticas delictivas en el lado europeo del Atlántico, su actividad ha podido ser controlada y no han llegado a suponer el grave problema social o criminal que se podía prever.Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(1) 2015: 75-102
Las pandillas salvadoreñas y el delito de extorsión. Desafíos y prioridades en relación con el fenómeno extorsivo
Authors: Andrade Karla 
Published: August 2015

El delito de extorsión en los últimos años ha cobrado relevancia para la sociedad, además de la que tiene en el ámbito policial e investigativo. La generación de ingresos económicos o en especies para las estructuras delincuenciales, particularmente para las pandillas/maras, así como las implicaciones en cuanto a peligrosidad y potencialidad, obligan a los organismos responsables de la seguridad pública al análisis y valoración integral del fenómeno extorsivo. Ello significa examinar las modalidades para su ejecución, los factores propiciadores y los escenarios delictivos; revisar el abordaje policial-fiscal, las implicaciones operativas, investigativas y judiciales de este, y los resultados alcanzados. Sin embargo, continúa siendo un desafío no solo institucional (para la Policía y la Fiscalía), sino que también para los actores clave y responsables de la toma de decisiones estratégicas de país.Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(1) 2015: 103-148
Vierde Witwasrichtlijn aangenomen; wat wijzigt?
Authors: Snijder-Kuipers B. , Tilleman T.A. 
Published: August 2015

Op 20 mei 2015 heeft het Europees Parlement de Vierde antiwitwasrichtlijn (hierna: Vierde Witwasrichtlijn) aangenomen. Uiterlijk juni 2017 dienen de lidstaten de bepalingen van de Vierde Witwasrichtlijn in nationale wetgeving te implementeren. Dat zal in Nederland tot aanpassing van de Wet ter voorkoming van witwassen en financieren van terrorisme leiden. Elke rechtspersoon is verplicht de ultimate beneficial owner, de uiteindelijk belanghebbende (UBO), in een nationaal register te registreren. In deze bijdrage worden de belangrijkste wijzigingen voor u op een rijtje gezet. Afgesloten wordt met enkele suggesties voor de wetgever en andere betrokkenen.Richtlijn (EU) 2015/849 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2015 inzake de voorkoming van het gebruik van het financiële stelsel voor het witwassen van geld of terrorismefinanciering, tot wijziging van Verordening (EU) nr. 648/2012 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 2005/60/EG van het Europees Parlement en de Raad en Richtlijn 2006/70EG van de Commissie, PbEU 2015, L 141/73 (Vierde Witwasrichtlijn).
Hof van Justitie ontwikkelt nieuwe visie op begrip handicap – en daarmee op non-discriminatierecht?
Authors: Hendriks A.C. 
Published: August 2015

Sinds 1997 heeft de Raad van Ministers van de EU de bevoegdheid maatregelen te nemen ter bestrijding van discriminatie op grond van handicap. Maar wat wordt eigenlijk onder het begrip handicap verstaan? Het Hof van Justitie heeft deze term, zoals onder andere neergelegd in Richtlijn 2000/78/EG (hierna: Kaderrichtlijn) en het Handvest van grondrechten van de EU, via antwoorden op prejudiciële beslissingen nader geduid. Bestudering van deze jurisprudentie leert dat het Hof van Justitie het begrip handicap inmiddels anders interpreteert dat aanvankelijk het geval was. De omslag van een medische naar een meer sociale visie op het begrip handicap spreekt evident uit het recente arrest Kaltoft, het vervolg op de eerdere zaak HK Danmark. Deze nieuwe visie werkt door in de uitleg en toepassing van het Unierechtelijke verbod van discriminatie vanwege handicap en laat de gelijkebehandelingswetgeving in Nederland niet onberoerd.HvJ 18 december 2014, zaak C-354/13, Karsten Kaltoft/Billund Kommune, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2463, n.n.g.
Opening Night et la remédiation théâtrale. « Film-balade » ou film « tragique » ?
Authors: Carrier-Lafleur Thomas 
Published: August 2015

S’inspirant à la fois de la critique deleuzienne du « nouvel Hollywood » et de la dialectique métaphysique de l’apollinien et du dionysiaque telle que pensée par Nietzsche dansLa Naissance de la tragédie, nous souhaitons interroger ici quelques-uns des modes sur lesquels le théâtrehabitele cinéma. Par suite, afin de déplacer légèrement l’angle sous lequel on envisage habituellement l’adaptation et pour profiter ainsi d’un changement de point de vue, nous préfèrerons à la problématique du théâtre filmé le concept de « filmer le théâtre ». Nous explorerons celui-ci à partir d’une analyse du filmOpening Nightde John Cassavetes (1977), où la crise d’une actrice qui se trouve entre deux âges constitue, pour le réalisateur, et donc pour le septième art, une occasion de produire de la nouveauté théâtrale.
Tidally driven mixing and dissipation in the stratified boundary layer above steep submarine topography
Authors: Winters K. B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA tidally driven, stratified boundary layer over supercritical topography is simulated numerically. The near‐boundary flow is characterized by quasiperiodic, bore‐like motions and episodic expulsion events where fluid is ejected into the stratified interior. The character of the bores is compared to the high‐resolution ocean mooring data of van Haren (2006). The diffusivity of the flow near the boundary is estimated by means of a synthetic dye tracer experiment. The average dissipation rate within the dye cloud is computed and combined with the diffusivity estimate to yield an overall mixing efficiency of 0.15. Both the estimated diffusivity and dissipation rates are in reasonable agreement with the microstructure observations of Kunze et al. (2012) when scaled to the environmental conditions at the Monterey and Soquel Canyons and to the values estimated by van Haren and Gostiaux (2012) above the sloping bottom of the Great Meteor Seamount in the Canary Basin.
Projected changes in extreme temperature events based on the NARCCAP model suite
Authors: Horton Radley M. , Coffel Ethan D. , Winter Jonathan M. , Bader Daniel A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOnce‐per‐year (annual) maximum temperature extremes in North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) models are projected to increase more (less) than mean daily maximum summer temperatures over much of the eastern (western) United States. In contrast, the models almost everywhere project greater warming of once‐per‐year minimum temperatures as compared to mean daily minimum winter temperatures. Under projected changes associated with extremes of the temperature distribution, Baltimore's maximum temperature that was met or exceeded once per year historically is projected to occur 17 times per season by midcentury, a 28% increase relative to projections based on summer mean daily maximum temperature change. Under the same approach, historical once‐per‐year cold events in Baltimore are projected to occur once per decade. The models are generally able to capture observed geopotential height anomalies associated with temperature extremes in two subregions. Projected changes in extreme temperature events cannot be explained by geopotential height anomalies or lower boundary conditions as reflected by soil moisture anomalies or snow water equivalent.
Statistics and accuracy of magnetic null identification in multispacecraft data
Authors: Eriksson E. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Khotyayintsev V. M. , André M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractComplex magnetic topologies are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas. Analyzing magnetic nulls, regions of vanishing magnetic field, is one way to characterize 3‐D magnetic topologies. Magnetic nulls are believed to be important in 3‐D reconnection and turbulence. In the vicinity of a null, plasma particles become unmagnetized and can be accelerated to high energies by electric fields. We present the first statistical study of the occurrence of magnetic nulls and their types in the Earth's nightside magnetosphere. We are able to identify the nulls both in the tail and in the magnetopause current sheets. On average, we find one null for every few current sheet crossings. We show that the type identification of magnetic nulls may be sensitive to local fluctuations in the magnetic field. We develop and demonstrate a method to estimate the reliability of the magnetic null type identification.
On the escape of CH4 from Pluto's atmosphere
Authors: Koskinen T. T. , Erwin J. T. , Yelle R. V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe adapted a multispecies escape model, developed for close‐in extrasolar planets, to calculate the escape rates of CH4 and N2 from Pluto. In the absence of escape, CH4 should overtake N2 as the dominant species below the exobase. The CH4 profile depends strongly on the escape rate, however, and the typical escape rates predicted for Pluto lead to a nearly constant mixing ratio of less than 1% below the exobase. In this case the CH4 escape rate is only 5–10% of the N2 escape rate. Observations of the CH4 profile by the New Horizons/ALICE spectrograph can constrain the CH4 escape rate and provide a unique test for escape models.
Dynamics of large‐scale solar wind streams obtained by the double superposed epoch analysis
Authors: Yermolaev Yu. I. , Lodkina I. G. , Nikolaeva N. S. , Yermolaev M. Yu. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing the OMNI data for period 1976–2000, we investigate the temporal profiles of 20 plasma and field parameters in the disturbed large‐scale types of solar wind (SW): corotating interaction regions (CIR), interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) (both magnetic cloud (MC) and Ejecta), and Sheath as well as the interplanetary shock (IS). To take into account the different durations of SW types, we use the double superposed epoch analysis (DSEA) method: rescaling the duration of the interval for all types in such a manner that, respectively, beginning and end for all intervals of selected type coincide. As the analyzed SW types can interact with each other and change parameters as a result of such interaction, we investigate separately eights sequences of SW types: (1) CIR, (2) IS/CIR, (3) Ejecta, (4) Sheath/Ejecta, (5) IS/Sheath/Ejecta, (6) MC, (7) Sheath/MC, and (8) IS/Sheath/MC. The main conclusion is that the behavior of parameters in Sheath and in CIR are very similar both qualitatively and quantitatively. Both the high‐speed stream (HSS) and the fast ICME play a role of pistons which push the plasma located ahead them. The increase of speed in HSS and ICME leads at first to formation of compression regions (CIR and Sheath, respectively) and then to IS. The occurrence of compression regions and IS increases the probability of growth of magnetospheric activity.