bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐material direct‐ink‐writing of silver‐based flexible and highly deformable dry electrocardiogram biopatches
Authors: Alsharif Aljawharah A. , Aviles Jesus M. , Zechel Felipe M. , Alsharif Nouf A. , El‐Atab Nazek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOf significant interest are three‐dimensional (3D) printed dry electrodes, a departure from traditional wet silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. These innovative electrodes not only incorporate 3D printed personalized materials but also eliminate the need for electrolyte gel, which tends to dehydrate over time. Additionally, these electrodes boast unique attributes such as stretchability, deformability, biocompatibility, wearable comfort, and cost‐effective manufacturing. While the advantages of dry electrodes are apparent, their performance optimization encounters challenges related to charge migration, particularly when scaled down to miniaturized dimensions, impacting biosignal detection. This study addresses these challenges by focusing on the development of scalable, stretchable, and highly deformable syringe‐printed dry electrocardiogram (ECG) patches. The approach employs straightforward multi‐material direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) techniques, realizing complete biopatches per print, resulting in a rapid and cost‐effective fabrication process. The achieved printing resolution reaches up to 200 µm, and the conductivity of Ag/AgCl dry electrodes reaches approximately ∼ 5 × 104 S/m. This not only ensures scalability but also expands the applications of metal‐based inks to various soft electronic devices, particularly in low‐resource settings and environments.
Robot‐assisted resection of lateral neck cysts using a postauricular approach
Authors: Han Ping , Liang Fa‐Ya , Song Pan , Li Ying , Lin Pei‐Liang , Chen Ren‐Hui , Fan Jian‐Ming , Huang Xiao‐Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Da Vinci robotic surgical system was used for head and neck surgery. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effect of postauricular approach on the resection of lateral neck cysts.MethodsEleven patients with lateral neck cysts were enrolled in this retrospective study and accepted robot‐assisted surgery via a postauricular approach. Data on volume of cervical cysts, length of incision, bleeding volume, mean operating time, and hospitalization time were analyzed. The postoperative esthetic satisfaction of patients was investigated.ResultsIn this case series, the average length of the incision was 6.67 cm. Bleeding volumes ranged from 10 to 20 mL. Average operation time was 55 min. Four patients developed postauricular numbness after the operation, and all recovered over 3 months. No other serious adverse events occurred after the operation. Postoperative cosmetic outcomes were satisfactory. During the follow‐up median period of 38.2 months, there was no evidence of recurrence or long‐term complications.ConclusionRobot‐assisted resection for lateral neck cysts via a postauricular approach is feasible and safe and yields excellent cosmetic outcomes.
Effects of Al2O3‐Cu‐H2O hybrid nanofluid with Soret and Dufour on mixed convection flow over a curved surface
Authors: Kenchogonahalli Ramu Roopa , Pobbathy Aswathanarayana Setty Dinesh , Magge Venkatachala Iyengar Govindaraju , Yadav Sweeti , Karki Narayan Mohandas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHybrid nanofluids, which have a higher effective thermal conductivity than both regular fluids and nanofluid, are essential in industrial, biomedical, and engineering applications. Blood flow via an artery is a useful application for the investigation of hybrid nanofluids (Cu and Al2O3). Graphs have been used to discuss the effects of flow elements on velocity, temperature, and concentrations where values have been tabulated. A hybrid combination made up of copper and aluminum oxide with volume percentages in the range of 0.01–0.2. The Dufour effect was lessened, the volume proportion of copper was reduced, and the heat transmission rate was successfully increased. Maximum rates of heat, mass, and skin friction transmission would result from stronger mixed convection. This significant initial study will provide engineers and scientists the knowledge on effective management of fluid flow while optimizing the connected complex systems. Before being written and solved with the help of Maple software, the flow control equations were simplified. Figures present the main findings of the study, including the influence of several physical parameters. The effects of physical factors on the flow distributions are illustrated in tables and figures. Water is employed as the basic fluid, and a combination of copper and alumina nanoparticle is used as the study material to investigate the heat and mass phenomena brought by the Dufour and Soret effect. Surface thermal efficiency is influenced by the Soret factor, whereas surface mass transfer is constrained by the Dufour effect.
Comparing the effectiveness of flagship species in zoo interpretation videos involving dialogic‐based narrative approaches
Authors: Bueddefeld Jill , Kerr Kevin C. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractZoological institutions frequently engage in indirect conservation activities as global conservation targets suggest a need for raising public awareness and engagement in biodiversity conservation. However, research suggests that while members of the public are typically aware of general conservation issues, they are often uncertain of simple and practical actions they take that will be impactful. In light of current conservation goals and targets, and the need for social science research to address the environmental learning and behavior change gap, this study builds upon prior action‐based environmental education research and tests the efficacy of ex situ environmental education in supporting in situ conservation. Zoos typically employ flagship species to center their conservation messaging due to the purported draw of charismatic species. Using outreach videos with a dialogic‐based narrative approach, we evaluated the efficacy of different flagships for conservation, comparing both species‐focused versus generic conservation messaging and charismatic versus less charismatic species ambassadors. We found that zoo conservation outreach videos using dialogic‐based narrative approaches were equally impactful regardless of the level of focus (i.e., species vs. broader biodiversity) or charisma level of the focal taxa.
Aufbereitung des Datenmaterials
Authors: Kiefer Anna 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie handschriftlich ausgefüllten Tagebücher wurden zur Digitalisierung des Datenmaterials gescannt, im Anschluss durch ein externes Transkriptionsbüro (Transkripto) transkribiert und in einer Excel-Tabelle vorstrukturiert. Das Transkriptionsbüro erhielt das jeweilige Datenmaterial über eine Webseite, die das hochgeladene Material nach Abruf der Datei löscht. Die transkribierten Datensätze wurden ebenfalls auf einer sicheren Webseite hochgeladen und nach Abruf der Datei gelöscht.
Dissection of pro-tumoral macrophage subtypes and immunosuppressive cells participating in M2 polarization
Authors: Sezginer Onurcan , Unver Nese 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlternatively activated macrophage (M2) polarization can result in one of four subtypes based on cytokines and signaling pathways associated with macrophage activation: M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d macrophages. The majority of M2 subtypes are anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic, secreting growth factors (VEGF, PDGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9) which boost tumor growth, metastasis, and invasion. M2-polarized macrophages are associated with immune suppressor cells harboring Myeloid derived suppressor cells, Regulatory T cells (Tregs), Regulatory B cells as well as alternatively activated (N2) neutrophils. Treg cells selectively support the metabolic stability, mitochondrial integrity, and survival rate of M2-like TAMs in an indirect environment. Also, the contribution of Breg cells influences macrophage polarization towards the M2 direction. TAM is activated when TAN levels in the tumor microenvironment are insufficient or vice versa, suggesting that macrophage and its polarization are fine-tuned. Understanding the functions of immune suppressive cells, mediators, and signaling pathways involved with M2 polarization will allow us to identify potential strategies for targeting the TAM repolarization phenotype for innovative immunotherapy approaches. In this review, we have highlighted the critical factors for M2 macrophage polarization, differential cytokine/chemokine profiles of M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes, and other immune cells’ impact on the polarization within the immunosuppressive niche.
Colony life history of the tropical arboreal ant, Cephalotes goniodontus De Andrade, 1999
Authors: Butler I. A. E. , Butterfield T. , Janda M. , Gordon D. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArboreal ants are ecologically important in tropical forests, but there are few studies using DNA markers to examine their population and colony structure. Colonies of the arboreal turtle ant Cephalotes goniodontus create trail networks through the canopy of the tropical forest, in dense vegetation where it is difficult to determine how long a nest is used and how neighboring colonies partition space. We monitored 53 nest sites for up to six years and, using seven microsatellite markers, genotyped samples of workers collected at or near 41 nests over 1–4 years. We calculated average relatedness within samples collected at a given location, and between samples collected at the same location in successive years, and performed pedigree analysis to predict the number of queens that produced each sample of workers. Fifteen samples were highly related (r ≥ 0.6) from single colonies, of which 11 were monogynous and the remaining four had two queens; 19 were of intermediate relatedness (0.1 ≤ r < 0.6) with 1–6 queens, and 7 were groups of unrelated workers (r < 0.1) from at least 4 queens. Colonies persisted at the same nest site for 2–6 years. The smallest distance we found separating nests of different colonies was 16.2 m. It appears that different colonies may share foraging trails. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using a cost-efficient genotyping method to provide information on colony structure and life history of ant species.
The effect of obstacle length and height in subcritical free-surface flow
Authors: Michalski Hugh , Mattner Trent , Balasuriya Sanjeeva , Binder Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional free-surface flow past a submerged rectangular disturbance in an open channel is considered. The forced Korteweg–de Vries model of Binder et al. (Theor Comput Fluid Dyn 20:125–144, 2006) is modified to examine the effect of varying obstacle length and height on the response of the free-surface. For a given obstacle height and flow rate in the subcritical flow regime an analysis of the steady solutions in the phase plane of the problem determines a countably infinite set of discrete obstacle lengths for which there are no waves downstream of the obstacle. A rich structure of nonlinear behaviour is also found as the height of the obstacle approaches critical values in the steady problem. The stability of the steady solutions is investigated numerically in the time-dependent problem with a pseudospectral method.
Factoring non-negative operator valued trigonometric polynomials in two variables
Authors: Dritschel Michael A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is shown using Schur complement techniques that on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, a non-negative operator valued trigonometric polynomial in two variables with degree $$(d_1,d_2)$$

(

d
1

,

d
2

)

can be written as a sum of hermitian squares of at most $$2d_2$$

2

d
2

analytic polynomials.
Inhibition of Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB by the amiodarone derivative dronedarone
Authors: Matylitsky Jauheni , Krieg Anica , Schumacher Judith , Borho Joscha , Barth Holger , Papatheodorou Panagiotis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dreaded nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile causes diarrhea and severe inflammation of the colon, especially after the use of certain antibiotics. The bacterium releases two deleterious toxins, TcdA and TcdB, into the gut, which are mainly responsible for the symptoms of C. difficile-associated diseases (CDADs). Both toxins are capable of entering independently into various host cells, e.g., intestinal epithelial cells, where they mono-O-glucosylate and inactivate Rho and/or Ras GTPases, important molecular switches for various cellular functions. We have shown recently that the cellular uptake of the Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB (TcdA/B) is inhibited by the licensed class III antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone (Schumacher et al. in Gut Microbes 15(2):2256695, 2023). Mechanistically, amiodarone delays the cellular uptake of both toxins into target cells most likely by lowering membrane cholesterol levels and by interfering with membrane insertion and/or pore formation of TcdA/B. However, serious side effects, such as thyroid dysfunction and severe pulmonary fibrosis, limit the clinical use of amiodarone in patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). For that reason, we aimed to test whether dronedarone, an amiodarone derivative with a more favorable side effect profile, is also capable of inhibiting TcdA/B. To this end, we tested in vitro with various methods the impact of dronedarone on the intoxication of Vero and CaCo-2 cells with TcdA/B. Importantly, preincubation of both cell lines with dronedarone for 1 h at concentrations in the low micromolar range rendered the cells less sensitive toward TcdA/B-induced Rac1 glucosylation, collapse of the actin cytoskeleton, cell rounding, and cytopathic effects, respectively. Our study points toward the possibility of repurposing the already approved drug dronedarone as the preferable safer-to-use alternative to amiodarone for inhibiting TcdA/B in the (supportive) therapy of CDADs.
High-resolution ion mobility based on traveling wave structures for lossless ion manipulation resolves hidden lipid features
Authors: Reardon Allison R. , May Jody C. , Leaptrot Katrina L. , McLean John A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution ion mobility (resolving power > 200) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical tool for resolving isobars and isomers in complex samples. High-resolution ion mobility is capable of discerning additional structurally distinct features, which are not observed with conventional resolving power ion mobility (IM, resolving power ~ 50) techniques such as traveling wave IM and drift tube ion mobility (DTIM). DTIM in particular is considered to be the “gold standard” IM technique since collision cross section (CCS) values are directly obtained through a first-principles relationship, whereas traveling wave IM techniques require an additional calibration strategy to determine accurate CCS values. In this study, we aim to evaluate the separation capabilities of a traveling wave ion mobility structures for lossless ion manipulation platform integrated with mass spectrometry analysis (SLIM IM-MS) for both lipid isomer standards and complex lipid samples. A cross-platform investigation of seven subclass-specific lipid extracts examined by both DTIM-MS and SLIM IM-MS showed additional features were observed for all lipid extracts when examined under high resolving power IM conditions, with the number of CCS-aligned features that resolve into additional peaks from DTIM-MS to SLIM IM-MS analysis varying between 5 and 50%, depending on the specific lipid sub-class investigated. Lipid CCS values are obtained from SLIM IM (TW(SLIM)CCS) through a two-step calibration procedure to align these measurements to within 2% average bias to reference values obtained via DTIM (DTCCS). A total of 225 lipid features from seven lipid extracts are subsequently identified in the high resolving power IM analysis by a combination of accurate mass-to-charge, CCS, retention time, and linear mobility-mass correlations to curate a high-resolution IM lipid structural atlas. These results emphasize the high isomeric complexity present in lipidomic samples and underscore the need for multiple analytical stages of separation operated at high resolution.
Graphical abstract
Successful treatment of staghorn stones with flexible ureteroscopy and thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy: initial experience with 32 cases
Authors: Gul Tawiz , laymon Mahmoud , Alrayashi Maged , Abdelkareem Mohamed , Salah Morshed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy for management of renal staghorn stones.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-two patients with staghorn stones were recruited. Stone characteristics including: width, length, volume and density were analyzed. Ablation speed, laser efficacy and laser activity were recorded. The primary outcome was to assess stone free rate after the procedure using spiral CT scan.

Results
The median stone volume was 7339 (3183–53838) mm3. Median operative and lasing time were 135 (70–200) and 117 (50–180) minutes, respectively. The mean total energy delivered was 63.9 ± 30 KJ with a median ablation speed of 1.3 (0.5–4.9) mm3/sec. Mean laser efficacy was 7.5 ± 3.6 Joules/mm3. A total of 12 complications occurred in 8 patients (25%). The median hospital stay was 7 (3.5–48) hours and 30 patients (93.7%) were discharged on the same day of surgery. After the first session, seventeen patients (53%) were stone free with no residual fragments while six (19%) patients had residuals £ 2 mm. Nine patients (28%) had residuals > 2 mm with median residual size of 4 (3–9) mm. A second intervention was required in 4 cases.The overall stone free rate after completion of treatment was 65.6%.

Conclusion
Flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment option for staghorn stones with stone free rate comparable to standard PCNL with advantages of minimal morbidity, minimal blood loss and shorter hospital stay.
Radiographic calibration for pubic diastasis assessment in bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: a phantom study
Authors: Back S. J. , Weiss D. A. , Marshall B. , Akbari E. , Mackey M. , Hinton E. , Horn B. D. , Kidd M. , Francavilla M. L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The assessment of pubic diastasis is important for the surgical planning of patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex. Understanding how the diastasis changes during surgical follow-up may help predict patient morbidity. Radiography can follow diastasis but may be affected by patient and technical imaging factors including body size, imaging protocol, and equipment. Using imaging calibration and anatomic ratios may mitigate differences due to these aspects.

Objective
Use imaging phantoms to assess the effect of radiographic calibration on measurements of pubic diastasis and an internal anatomic ratio as a child grows.

Materials and methods
Radiographic images were obtained of three different sizes of computed tomography phantoms (older child, child, and infant) using three imaging techniques that include the osseous pelvis in children. All phantoms were imaged with abdomen and pelvis techniques. The infant phantom was additionally imaged using a thoracoabdominal technique. These exposures were all repeated with systems from three manufacturers. Linear measurements were made between radiographic markers placed to simulate pubic diastasis and sacral width. A ratio was also created between these distances. Measurements with and without image calibration were made by two pediatric radiologists using rulers placed at the time of image acquisition.

Results
There was excellent interrater agreement for measurements, ICC >0.99. Anterior distances were more affected by magnification than posterior ones with a significant difference between uncalibrated versus calibrated anterior distances (p=0.04) and not for posterior ones (p=0.65). There was no difference between radiographic equipment manufacturers without or with calibration (p values 0.66 to 0.99). There was a significant difference in simulated pubic distance between thoracoabdominal and abdomen (p=0.04) as well as pelvic (p=0.04) techniques which resolved with calibration, each p=0.6. The ratio between the simulated pubic diastasis and sacral width differed by phantom size (all p<0.01) and imaging technique (p values 0.01 to 0.03) with or without calibration. However, the numerical differences may not be clinically significant.

Conclusion
Image calibration results in more uniform measurements that are more accurate than uncalibrated ones across patient size, imaging techniques, and equipment. Image calibration is necessary for accurate measurement of inter-pubic distances on all projection imaging. Small differences in the pelvic ratio likely are not clinically significant, but until there is a better understanding, image calibration may be prudent.

Graphical abstract
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the cancer patient: from diabetes to cardioprotection and beyond
Authors: Camilli Massimiliano , Viscovo Marcello , Maggio Luca , Bonanni Alice , Torre Ilaria , Pellegrino Claudio , Lamendola Priscilla , Tinti Lorenzo , Teofili Luciana , Hohaus Stefan , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Ferdinandy Peter , Varga Zoltan , Crea Filippo , Lombardo Antonella , Minotti Giorgio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a new drug class initially designed and approved for treatment of diabetes mellitus, have been shown to exert pleiotropic metabolic and direct cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects that extend beyond their glucose-lowering action. These properties prompted their use in two frequently intertwined conditions, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Their unique mechanism of action makes SGLT2i an attractive option also to lower the rate of cardiac events and improve overall survival of oncological patients with preexisting cardiovascular risk and/or candidate to receive cardiotoxic therapies. This review will cover biological foundations and clinical evidence for SGLT2i modulating myocardial function and metabolism, with a focus on their possible use as cardioprotective agents in the cardio-oncology settings. Furthermore, we will explore recently emerged SGLT2i effects on hematopoiesis and immune system, carrying the potential of attenuating tumor growth and chemotherapy-induced cytopenias.
Elastic and shear-thinning effects in contraction flows: a comparison
Authors: Pérez-Salas Karen Y. , García-Romero Erika. L. , Barrientos-Cruz Alexa A. , Sánchez Salvador , Ascanio Gabriel , Aguayo Juan P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe flow through a 4:1 planar contraction has been investigated using different rheological models having the same shear viscosity, namely, the inelastic Carreau-Yasuda model (CY), the enhanced Bautista-Manero-Puig (eBMP), and the exponential version of the Phan-Thien/Tanner (PTT). Noticeable discrepancies were observed with the CY model and the eBMP in terms of the velocity profiles along the centerline and in the exit channel (near the end of the geometry) normal to the flow direction. Transient planar extensional viscosity shows a large effect on vortex dynamics although the effect of transient and steady elongation on pressure drop seems negligible. Simulation results allowed gathering that pressure drop is largely influenced by the shear-thinning behavior of the fluid, noticeably affected by elasticity, and less by extensional viscosity.
Graphical Abstract