bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Texture Mapping Real‐World Objects with Hydrographics
Authors: Panozzo Daniele , Diamanti Olga , Paris Sylvain , Tarini Marco , Sorkine Evgeni , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the digital world, assigning arbitrary colors to an object is a simple operation thanks to texture mapping. However, in the real world, the same basic function of applying colors onto an object is far from trivial. One can specify colors during the fabrication process using a color 3D printer, but this does not apply to already existing objects. Paint and decals can be used during post‐fabrication, but they are challenging to apply on complex shapes. In this paper, we develop a method to enable texture mapping of physical objects, that is, we allow one to map an arbitrary color image onto a three‐dimensional object. Our approach builds upon hydrographics, a technique to transfer pigments printed on a sheet of polymer onto curved surfaces. We first describe a setup that makes the traditional water transfer printing process more accurate and consistent across prints. We then simulate the transfer process using a specialized parameterization to estimate the mapping between the planar color map and the object surface. We demonstrate that our approach enables the application of detailed color maps onto complex shapes such as 3D models of faces and anatomical casts.
Tight Relaxation of Quadratic Matching
Authors: Kezurer Itay , Kovalsky Shahar Z. , Basri Ronen , Lipman Yaron 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEstablishing point correspondences between shapes is extremely challenging as it involves both finding sets of semantically persistent feature points, as well as their combinatorial matching. We focus on the latter and consider the Quadratic Assignment Matching (QAM) model. We suggest a novel convex relaxation for this NP‐hard problem that builds upon a rank‐one reformulation of the problem in a higher dimension, followed by relaxation into a semidefinite program (SDP). Our method is shown to be a certain hybrid of the popular spectral and doubly‐stochastic relaxations of QAM and in particular we prove that it is tighter than both.Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed relaxation is extremely tight: in the majority of our experiments it achieved the certified global optimum solution for the problem, while other relaxations tend to produce sub‐optimal solutions. This, however, comes at the price of solving an SDP in a higher dimension. Our approach is further generalized to the problem of Consistent Collection Matching (CCM), where we solve the QAM on a collection of shapes while simultaneously incorporating a global consistency constraint. Lastly, we demonstrate an application to metric learning of collections of shapes.
Perfect Matching Quad Layouts for Manifold Meshes
Authors: Razafindrazaka Faniry H. , Reitebuch Ulrich , Polthier Konrad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper introduces a new approach to automatically generate pure quadrilateral patch layouts on manifold meshes. The algorithm is based on a careful construction of a singularity graph of a given input frame field or a given periodic global parameterization. A pure quadrilateral patch layout is then derived as a constrained minimum weight perfect matching of that graph. The resulting layout is optimal relative to a balance between coarseness and geometric feature alignment. We formulate the problem of finding pure quadrilateral patch layouts as a global optimization problem related to a well‐known concept in graph theory. The main advantage of the new method is its simplicity and its computation speed. Patch layouts generated by the present algorithm are high quality and are very competitive compared to current state of the art.
A one‐dimensional homologically persistent skeleton of an unstructured point cloud in any metric space
Authors: Kurlin V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReal data are often given as a noisy unstructured point cloud, which is hard to visualize. The important problem is to represent topological structures hidden in a cloud by using skeletons with cycles. All past skeletonization methods require extra parameters such as a scale or a noise bound. We define a homologically persistent skeleton, which depends only on a cloud of points and contains optimal subgraphs representing 1‐dimensional cycles in the cloud across all scales. The full skeleton is a universal structure encoding topological persistence of cycles directly on the cloud. Hence a 1‐dimensional shape of a cloud can be now easily predicted by visualizing our skeleton instead of guessing a scale for the original unstructured cloud. We derive more subgraphs to reconstruct provably close approximations to an unknown graph given only by a noisy sample in any metric space. For a cloud of n points in the plane, the full skeleton and all its important subgraphs can be computed in time O(n log n).
Epigenetic deregulations in chordoma
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Zheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChordoma is a rare type of malignant bone tumour arising from remnant notochord and prognosis of patients with it remains poor as its molecular and genetic mechanisms are not well understood. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification and nucleosome remodelling), play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Aberrant epigenetic patterns are present in patients with chordoma, indicating a potential role for epigenetic mechanisms inthis malignancy. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations may provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets for treatment. In this review, we discuss relevant epigenetic findings associated with chordoma, and their potential application for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Fenofibrate Attenuates Neutrophilic Inflammation in Airway Epithelia: Potential Drug Repurposing for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Stolarz Amanda J. , Farris Ryan A. , Wiley Charla A. , O'Brien Catherine E. , Price Elvin T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is neutrophilic airway inflammation. Elevated neutrophil counts have been associated with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second and poor clinical measures in patients with CF. Interleukin 8 (IL‐8), epithelial neutrophil activating protein 78 (ENA‐78), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) contribute to neutrophil activation and disease pathogenesis in the airways of patients with CF. Drugs that modify the production of these chemokines in the airways could potentially benefit CF patients. Thus, we determined the effects of fenofibrate on their production in cell populations obtained from the airways. Human small airway epithelial cells and CF bronchial epithelial cells were treated with IL‐1β to induce inflammation. We cotreated the cells with fenofibrate at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 μM to determine if this drug could attenuate the inflammation. IL‐8, ENA‐78, TNF‐α, GM‐CSF, and G‐CSF production were measured from the cell culture supernates by ELISA. ANOVA statistical testing was conducted using SPSS 17.0. IL‐1β increased the production of each of the chemokines by several fold. Fenofibrate reduced IL‐1β induced production of each of these neutrophilic chemokines at the concentrations used. IL‐1β increases the production of neutrophilic chemokines in airway epithelial cells. Cotreatment with fenofibrate blunts these processes. Fenofibrate should be explored as a therapeutic option to modulate the abundant neutrophilic inflammation observed in CF.
Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Ravindranath N. H. , Berndes Göran , Bolwig Simon , Bright Ryan , Cherubini Francesco , Chum Helena , Corbera Esteve , Delucchi Mark , Faaij Andre , Fargione Joseph , Haberl Helmut , Heath Garvin , Lucon Oswaldo , Plevin Richard , Popp Alexander , Robledo‐Abad Carmenza , Rose Steven , Smith Pete , Stromman Anders , Suh Sangwon , Masera Omar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBioenergy deployment offers significant potential for climate change mitigation, but also carries considerable risks. In this review, we bring together perspectives of various communities involved in the research and regulation of bioenergy deployment in the context of climate change mitigation: Land‐use and energy experts, land‐use and integrated assessment modelers, human geographers, ecosystem researchers, climate scientists and two different strands of life‐cycle assessment experts. We summarize technological options, outline the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on various climate effects, provide an update on estimates of technical resource potential and comprehensively identify sustainability effects. Cellulosic feedstocks, increased end‐use efficiency, improved land carbon‐stock management and residue use, and, when fully developed, BECCS appear as the most promising options, depending on development costs, implementation, learning, and risk management. Combined heat and power, efficient biomass cookstoves and small‐scale power generation for rural areas can help to promote energy access and sustainable development, along with reduced emissions. We estimate the sustainable technical potential as up to 100 EJ: high agreement; 100–300 EJ: medium agreement; above 300 EJ: low agreement. Stabilization scenarios indicate that bioenergy may supply from 10 to 245 EJ yr−1 to global primary energy supply by 2050. Models indicate that, if technological and governance preconditions are met, large‐scale deployment (>200 EJ), together with BECCS, could help to keep global warming below 2° degrees of preindustrial levels; but such high deployment of land‐intensive bioenergy feedstocks could also lead to detrimental climate effects, negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity and livelihoods. The integration of bioenergy systems into agriculture and forest landscapes can improve land and water use efficiency and help address concerns about environmental impacts. We conclude that the high variability in pathways, uncertainties in technological development and ambiguity in political decision render forecasts on deployment levels and climate effects very difficult. However, uncertainty about projections should not preclude pursuing beneficial bioenergy options.
Burden of influenza‐associated deaths in the Americas, 2002–2008
Authors: Cheng Po‐Yung , Palekar Rakhee , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Iuliano Danielle , Alencar Airlane P. , Bresee Joseph , Oliva Otavio , de Souza Maria de Fatima Marinho , Widdowson Marc‐Alain 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundInfluenza disease is a vaccine‐preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) region has invested in influenza vaccines, but few estimates of influenza burden exist to justify these investments. We estimated influenza‐associated deaths for 35 PAHO countries during 2002–2008.MethodsAnnually, PAHO countries report registered deaths. We used respiratory and circulatory (R&C) codes from seven countries with distinct influenza seasonality and high‐quality mortality data to estimate influenza‐associated mortality rates by age group (0–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) with a Serfling regression model or a negative binomial model. We calculated the percent of all R&C deaths attributable to influenza by age group in these countries (etiologic fraction) and applied it to the age‐specific mortality in 13 countries with good mortality data but poorly defined seasonality. Lastly, we grouped the remaining 15 countries into WHO mortality strata and applied the age and mortality stratum‐specific rate of influenza mortality calculated from the 20 countries. We summed each country's estimate to arrive at an average total annual number and rate of influenza deaths in the Americas.ResultsFor the 35 PAHO countries, we estimated an annual mean influenza‐associated mortality rate of 2·1/100 000 among <65‐year olds, 31·9/100 000 among those 65–74 years, and 161·8/100 000 among those ≥75 years. We estimated that annually between 40 880 and 160 270 persons (mean, 85 100) die of influenza illness in the PAHO region.ConclusionInfluenza remains an important cause of mortality in the Americas.
Retrospective public health impact of a quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the United States
Authors: Crépey Pascal , de Boer Pieter T. , Postma Maarten J. , Pitman Richard 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionVaccination is an effective preventive strategy against influenza. However, current trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) contain only one of the two influenza B lineages that circulate each year. Vaccine mismatches are frequent because predicting which one will predominate is difficult. Recently licensed quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) containing the two B lineages should address this issue. Our study estimates their impact by assessing what would have been the US public health benefit of routinely vaccinating with QIV in 2000–2013.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model that accounts for interactions between influenza B lineages (natural or vaccine‐induced) and simulates the multiyear influenza dynamics for 2000–2013. Age‐structured population dynamics, vaccine efficacy (VE) per strain, and weekly ramp‐up of vaccination coverage are modeled. Sensitivity analyses were performed on VE, duration of immunity, and levels of vaccine‐induced cross‐protection between B lineages.ResultsAssuming a cross‐protection of 70% of the VE of the matched vaccine, the model predicts 16% more B lineage cases prevented by QIV. Elderly (≥65 years) and young seniors (50–64 years) benefit most from QIV, with 21% and 18% reductions in B lineage cases. Reducing cross‐protection to 50%, 30%, and 0% of the VE of the matched vaccine improves the relative benefit of QIV to 25%, 30%, and 34% less B lineage cases.ConclusionUsing a dynamic retrospective framework with real‐life vaccine mismatch, our analysis shows that QIV routine vaccination in the United States has the potential to substantially reduce the number of influenza infections, even with relatively high estimates of TIV‐induced cross‐protection.
Preparation and evaluation of lipid emulsified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Fang , Chang Minglu , Yu Yanna , Zhang Yongchun , Liu Guangpu , Wei Ting , Zuo Tiantian , Guan Yuanyuan , Lin Guimei , Zhao Zhongxi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Lipid emulsified nanoparticles (LPNPs) have been developed to load anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) in this work.

Methods
We evaluated DTX-loaded lipid emulsified nanoparticles (DTX-LPNPs) in vitro compared with the conventional nanoparticles (DTX-NPs). The newly developed formulation was compared with DTX-NPs in terms of physicochemical properties and in-vitro efficacy.

Key findings
These two formulations had similar physicochemical properties in our results. And it has been proven that phosphatidylethanolamine had higher emulsification efficiency (20-fold of polyvinyl alcohol) in the same preparation procedure. The in-vitro release of DTX from DTX-LPNPs showed burst release initially and then followed by a sustained release, which prolonged the half time. The cytotoxicity test indicated that the DTX-LPNPs were more effective against tumour growth, and the IC50 of Duopafei, DTX-NPs and DTX-LPNPs for the inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells at 48 h (n = 3) were found to be 3.53 ± 0.43, 1.15 ± 0.06 and 0.55 ± 0.08 μm, respectively. The evaluation of the cellular uptake showed that DTX-LPNPs improved the drug delivery into cytoplasm compared with the commercial product Duopafei and DTX-NPs.

Conclusions
DTX-LPNPs may be a promising formulation for cancer therapy.
FgCDC14 regulates cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Li Chaohui , Melesse Michael , Zhang Shijie , Hao ChaoFeng , Wang Chenfang , Zhang Hongchang , Hall Mark C. , Xu Jin‐Rong 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMembers of Cdc14 phosphatases are common in animals and fungi, but absent in plants. Although its orthologs are conserved in plant pathogenic fungi, their functions during infection are not clear. In this study, we showed that the CDC14 ortholog is important for pathogenesis and morphogenesis in Fusarium graminearum. FgCDC14 is required for normal cell division and septum formation and FgCdc14 possesses phosphatase activity with specificity for a subset of Cdk‐type phosphorylation sites. The Fgcdc14 mutant was reduced in growth, conidiation, and ascospore formation. It was defective in ascosporogenesis and pathogenesis. Septation in Fgcdc14 was reduced and hyphal compartments contained multiple nuclei, indicating defects in the coordination between nuclear division and cytokinesis. Interestingly, foot cells of mutant conidia often differentiated into conidiogenous cells, resulting in the production of inter‐connected conidia. In the interphase, FgCdc14‐GFP localized to the nucleus and spindle‐pole‐body. Taken together, our results indicate that Cdc14 phosphatase functions in cell division and septum formation in F. graminearum, likely by counteracting Cdk phosphorylation, and is required for plant infection.
Does job satisfaction mediate the relationship between healthy work environment and care quality?
Authors: Bai Jinbing 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundA healthy work environment can increase nurse‐reported job satisfaction and patient care outcomes. Yet the associations between healthy work environment, nurse job satisfaction and QC have not been comprehensively examined in Chinese ICUs.AimTo investigate the mediating effect of nurse job satisfaction on the relationship between healthy work environment and nurse‐reported quality of care (QC) in Chinese intensive care units (ICUs).MethodsA total of 706 nurses were recruited from 28 ICUs of 14 tertiary hospitals. The nurses completed self‐reported questionnaires to evaluate healthy work environment, job satisfaction and quality of patient care. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating effect between nurse‐reported healthy work environment and QC.ResultsNurse work environment showed positive correlations with nurse‐reported QC in the ICUs. Nurse‐reported job satisfaction showed full mediating effects between healthy work environment and QC in the medical‐surgical ICUs, surgical ICUs and neonatal/paediatric ICUs and indicated a partial mediating effect in the medical ICUs.Relevance to clinical practiceSignificant mediating effects of nurse job satisfaction provide more support for thinking about how to use this mediator to increase nurse and patient care outcomes. Nurse administrators can design interventions to increase nurse work environment and patient care outcomes with this mediating factor addressed.
Accounting for Changes in Income Inequality: Decomposition Analyses for the UK, 1978–2008
Authors: Brewer Mike , Wren‐Lewis Liam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyse income inequality in the UK from 1978 to 2009 in order to understand why income inequality rose very rapidly from 1978 to 1991 but then remained broadly unchanged. We find that inequality in earnings among employees has risen fairly steadily since 1978, but other factors that caused income inequality to rise before 1991 have since gone into reverse. Inequality in investment and pension income has fallen since 1991, as has inequality between those with and without employment. Furthermore, certain household types – notably the elderly and those with young children – which had relatively low incomes in the period to 1991 have seen their incomes converge with others.
Kidney transplant in pediatric patients with severe bladder pathology
Authors: Sierralta María Consuelo , González Gloria , Nome Claudio , Pinilla Cesar , Correa Ramón , Mansilla Juan , Rodríguez Jorge , Delucchi Angela , Ossandón Francisco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to compare results in pediatric renal transplantation of patients with and without SBP. Between 2001 and 2013, a total of 168 kidney transplants were performed at our center. A retrospective analysis was performed and recipients were divided into two groups: NB and SBP. Incidence of surgical complications after procedure, and graft and patient survival were evaluated. A total of 155 recipients (92%) with complete data were analyzed, and 13 recipients that had had previous bladder surgeries were excluded (11 with VUR surgery and two with previous kidney transplants), of the 155 recipients: 123 (79%) patients had NB, and 32 (21%) patients had SBP, with a median follow‐up of 60 (1–137) and 52 (1–144) months, respectively. Among post‐transplant complications, UTI (68.8% vs. 23%, p < 0.0001) and symptomatic VUR to the graft (40.6% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the SBP group. There was no significant difference in overall graft and patient survival between groups. Renal transplantation is safe in pediatric recipients with SBP; however, urologic complications such as UTI and VUR were significantly higher in this group. Graft and patient survival was similar in SBP and NB groups.
Taxonomy and systematics of the herichthyins (Cichlidae: Tribe Heroini), with the description of eight new Middle American Genera
Authors: MCMAHAN CALEB D. , MATAMOROS WILFREDO A. , PILLER KYLE R. , CHAKRABARTY PROSANTA 
Published: August 2015

In recent years great strides have been made for improving our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among neotropical cichlids, particularly within the clade Heroini and its crown clade the herichthyins. Most phylogenetic studies have largely converged on congruent topologies for relationships among species and major lineages within the herichthyins. One major aspect missing from previous studies of these cichlids is a formal taxonomic revision, including the redefining of genera. Based on analysis of 52 species and three mitochondrial and two nuclear loci, we generate a Bayesian phylogeny for the herichthyin cichlids, and formally revise the taxonomy for genera within this clade using morphological features. Eight new genera are recognized and a key to all 16 genera of herichthyin cichlids is also presented.