bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography has low sensitivity for the diagnosis of early colon cancer
Authors: Lao I‐H. , Chao H. , Wang Y.‐J. , Mak C.‐W. , Tzeng W.‐S. , Wu R.‐H. , Chang S.‐T. , Fang J.‐L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in detecting local invasion (T status) and nodal metastasis (N status) of colon cancer was determined.MethodData on the preoperative CT scan of 153 lesions from 152 patients with colon cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Evaluation included the T stage and N stage of the TNM system. The results were compared with those obtained by histopathological examination of the resected tumour.ResultsOf the 153 tumours, 117 (76.5%) were correctly classified as Stage T1 and T2 (33 tumours) and Stage T3 and T4 (84 tumours) by CT. The sensitivity and specificity were 70.2% and 79.2%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% and 60.0%. When analysed according to the individual T stage (Tx/Tis, T1, 2, 3, 4) and N stage (N0, 1, 2), the kappa coefficient with linear weighting was 0.208 (fair agreement) for T stage and 0.154 (slight agreement) for N stage. The estimation of tumour size showed good agreement with histopathology (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.865).ConclusionCT scanning of colonic cancer showed 75% accuracy in identifying T1 and T2 cancers combined, but gave poor agreement between CT and histopathology for individual T stages.
Readmissions for COPD: propensity case‐matched comparison between pulmonary and non‐pulmonary departments
Authors: Wang Ying , Stavem Knut , Humerfelt Sjur , Dahl Fredrik A. , Haugen Torbjørn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a common cause of hospitalisation, and the readmission rate is high. We aimed to determine whether patients discharged from a pulmonary department (PD) after an AECOPD episode had a lower COPD‐related readmission rate during the next 12 months than comparable patients discharged from other internal medicine departments (ODs).MethodsThe medical records of 566 patients discharged after an episode of AECOPD between March 2006 and December 2008 at Oslo University Hospital, Aker, were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and medical data, together with number of readmissions because of AECOPD during 12 months following the index admission were extracted. We matched patients discharged from the PD and the ODs using a propensity score and used the paired t‐test to compare COPD‐related readmission rates between the matched patients.ResultsIn total, 481 patients were included in the analysis, 247 patients discharged from the PD and 234 from ODs. The propensity score matching process resulted in 155 well‐matched pairs. The mean (standard deviation) number of readmissions within 1 year was 0.8 (1.3) for the PD versus 1.1 (1.9) for ODs (P = 0.09). After adjusting for exposure time, the corresponding readmission rates were 1.1 (2.3) and 1.6 (4.0) per year, respectively (P = 0.17).ConclusionThere was little difference in COPD‐related readmission rates between comparable patients discharged from the PD and the ODs after an AECOPD during 1 year following the index admission.
Edema of the interarytenoid mucosa seen on endoscopy is related to endoscopic‐positive esophagitis (EE) and is an independent predictor of EE
Authors: Kondo Yoshihiro , Ogasawara Naotaka , Sasaki Makoto , Arimoto Mariko , Yanamoto Kenichiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noda Hisatsugu , Okaniwa Noriko , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kasugai Kunio 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as the retrograde flow of gastric contents up through the esophagus to the larynx and hypopharynx; this is an extra‐esophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although both LPR and GERD are caused by reflux of stomach contents, their clinical presentations and treatments differ.Patients and MethodsIn the present study, we assessed esophago‐gastroendoscopic findings related to GERD, specifically endoscopic‐positive esophagitis (EE), laryngopharyngeal findings, and GERD symptoms on the 12‐question frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG). Then, independent predictors of EE were analyzed, and relationships among EE, laryngopharyngeal findings, and patients' symptoms and characteristics were investigated.ResultsHiatal hernia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–6.23, P‐value 0.019) and edema of theinterarytenoid mucosa (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.26–16.3; P‐value 0.035) were significantly related with EE and independent predictors of EE. However, patients' characteristics and the FSSG score had no significant relationship with EE; there was no relationship between patients' characteristics and EE, regardless of its severity.ConclusionsAlthough LPR symptoms had no significant relationship with the findings of EE, hiatal hernia and edema of the interarytenoid mucosa were significantly related with EE and were considered to be independent predictors of EE.
Rare exonic deletions of the RBFOX1 gene increase risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Lal Dennis , Trucks Holger , Møller Rikke S. , Hjalgrim Helle , Koeleman Bobby P. C. , de Kovel Carolien G. F. , Visscher Frank , Weber Yvonne G. , Lerche Holger , Becker Felicitas , Schankin Christoph J. , Neubauer Bernd A. , Surges Rainer , Kunz Wolfram S. , Zimprich Fritz , Franke Andre , Illig Thomas , Ried Janina S. , Leu Costin , Nürnberg Peter , Sander Thomas ,   EMINet Consortium,   EPICURE Consortium
Published: January 2013

SummaryPurposeStructural variations disrupting the gene encoding the neuron‐specific splicing regulator RBFOX1 have been reported in three patients exhibiting epilepsy in comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Consistently, the Rbfox1 knockout mouse model showed an increased susceptibility of seizures. The present candidate gene study tested whether exon‐disrupting deletions of RBFOX1 increase the risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), representing the largest group of genetically determined epilepsies.MethodsScreening of microdeletions (size: >40 kb, coverage >20 markers) affecting the genomic sequence of the RBFOX1 gene was carried out by high‐resolution single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays in 1,408 European patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and 2,256 population controls. Validation of RBFOX1 deletions and familial segregation analysis were performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Key FindingsWe detected five exon‐disrupting RBFOX1 deletions in the IGE patients, whereas none was observed in the controls (p = 0.008, Fisher's exact test). The size of the exonic deletions ranged from 68 to 896 kb and affected the untranslated 5′‐terminal RBFOX1 exons. Segregation analysis in four families indicated that the deletions were inherited, display incomplete penetrance, and heterogeneous cosegregation patterns with IGE.SignificanceRare deletions affecting the untranslated 5′‐terminal RBFOX1 exons increase risk of common IGE syndromes. Variable expressivity, incomplete penetrance, and heterogeneous cosegregation patterns suggest that RBFOX1 deletions act as susceptibility factor in a genetically complex etiology, where heterogeneous combinations of genetic factors determine the disease phenotype.
Spleen magnetic resonance diffusion‐weighted imaging for quantitative staging hepatic fibrosis in miniature pigs: An initial study
Authors: Chen Xiao‐li , Chen Tian‐wu , Zhang Xiao‐ming , Li Zhen‐lin , Li Hang , Zeng Nan‐lin , Tang Hong‐jie , Pu Yu , Chen Nan , Yang Qi , Li Li , Xie Xian‐yong , Hu Jiani 
Published: January 2013

AimTo determine whether spleen diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) parameters might classify liver fibrosis stage.MethodsSixteen miniature pigs were prospectively used to model liver fibrosis, and underwent spleen DWI by using b = 300, 500 and 800 s/mm2 on 0, 5th, 9th, 16th and 21st weekend after the beginning of modeling. Signal intensity ratio of spleen to paraspinous muscles (S/M), spleen exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for each b‐value were statistically analyzed.ResultsWith increasing stages of fibrosis, S/M for all b‐values showed a downward trend; and spleen eADC and ADC for b = 300 s/mm2 showed downward and upward trends, respectively (all P < 0.05). The area under the receiver–operator curve (AUC) of spleen DWI parameters was 0.777 or more by S/M for classifying each fibrosis stage, and 0.65 or more by eADC and 0.648 or more by ADC for classifying stage ≥3 or cirrhosis. Among the spleen DWI parameters, S/M for b = 300 s/mm2 was the best parameter in classifying stage 1 or more, 2 or more and 3 or more with AUC of 0.875, 0.851 and 0.843, respectively; and spleen eADC for b = 300 s/mm2 was best in classifying stage 4 with an AUC of 0.988.ConclusionSpleen DWI may be used to stage liver fibrosis.
Effect of melatonin on chronic bladder‐ischaemia‐associated changes in rat bladder function
Authors: Nomiya Masanori , Burmeister David Mark , Sawada Norifumi , Campeau Lysanne , Zarifpour Mona , Yamaguchi Osamu , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
There are many studies showing melatonin's potent endogenous free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties, which protect against oxidative insult, but there is no information about the effect of chronic treatment with melatonin on oxidative‐stress‐related bladder dysfunction caused by chronic ischaemia.
The model used in this study shows that functional and morphological changes caused by chronic bladder ischaemia and oxidative stress were protected by chronic treatment with melatonin, resulting in improvement of bladder hyperactivity.
Objective
To investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of melatonin for chronic ischaemia‐related bladder dysfunction.
Materials and Methods
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control, arterial injury (AI), AI with low‐dose melatonin treatment (AI‐ML) and AI with high‐dose melatonin treatment (AI‐MH) groups. The AI, AI‐ML and AI‐MH groups underwent a procedure to induce endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet after AI.
The rats in the AI‐ML and AI‐MH groups were treated with melatonin 2.5 or 20 mg/kg/day orally for 8 weeks after AI. The control group received a regular diet. After 8 weeks, urodynamic investigations were performed.
Bladder tissues and iliac arteries were processed for pharmacological studies, and for immunohistochemical and histological examination.
Results
Iliac arteries from AI, AI‐ML and AI‐MH rats displayed neo‐intimal formation and luminal occlusion.
In the AI group, the micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity and voided volume were lower than in the controls. Contractile responses of bladder strips to KCl, electrical field stimulation and carbachol were significantly lower after AI than in the controls.
The AI bladders were found to have a significantly increased collagen ratio, oxidative stress and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, and decreased constitutive NOS expression compared with the controls.
In the AI‐ML and AI‐MH groups, neo‐intimal formation was not prevented, but there were beneficial effects on bladder function and morphology. In the AI‐ML group, the beneficial effects failed to reach statistical significance.
In the AI‐MH group, melatonin significantly improved oxidative stress and NOS expression, and there were significant improvements in all the functional and morphological variables compared with the AI group.
Conclusions
Arterial occlusive disease may lead to chronic bladder ischaemia and bladder hyperactivity associated with oxidative stress.
In the model used, chronic treatment with melatonin protected bladder function and morphology, probably through its free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties.
Melatonin may prevent oxidative damage and improve ischaemia‐related bladder dysfunction.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients in adulthood with bladder exstrophy and epispadias
Authors: Taskinen Seppo , Suominen Janne S. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Many patients with bladder exstrophy or epispadias (BEE) have bladder augmentation or use a catheterisation programme. Of the remainder only some achieve so called ‘3‐h urinary continence’. In addition, some of the patients develop urinary tract infections or bladder stones related to voiding and storage problems.
The present study is one of the first to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in detail in young adults treated for BEE in childhood by using a validated questionnaire. In addition the patient's own opinion about continence was ascertained. The study shows that both voiding and storage symptoms are frequent in patients with BEE and that most symptoms only become apparent by using a detailed questionnaire.
Objective
To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with bladder exstrophy and epispadias (BEE) who have reached adulthood.
Patients and Methods
A questionnaire evaluating LUTS was mailed to 52 BEE patients (aged 15–44 years), 32 (62%) returned the questionnaire (19 with bladder exstrophy and 13 with epispadias; 21 males and 11 females).
Seven exstrophy patients (37%) had undergone bladder augmentation.
Information on LUTS was assessed first with a preliminary question (do you have urinary incontinence?) followed by the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN‐PSS) questionnaire.
Results
Of the patients without bladder augmentation or clean intermittent catheterisation, five of 11 patients with exstrophy and 6 of 13 with epispadias considered themselves dry and 13 of 24 (54%) patients had >3 h dry intervals between voiding.
According to DAN‐PSS questionnaire only two of 11 patients with exstrophy and two of 13 with epispadias were fully continent and could void normally.
In addition to storage symptoms, eight of 13 patients with epispadias and 10 of 12 with exstrophy had disturbing voiding symptoms.
Moderate or severe LUTS was reported altogether by 12 of 15 (80%) males and by six of nine females.
Conclusions
Continence rates in patients with BEE are very dependent on the evaluation method. Most LUTS become apparent only by using a detailed questionnaire.
Moderate or severe LUTS appear to be common amongst patients with BEE.
Effects of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizing paste and 8% arginine desensitizing paste on dentin permeability
Authors: Banomyong Danuchit , Kanchanasantikul Panassaya , Wong Rebecca H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) paste and 8% arginine paste on dentin permeability.MethodsSixteen human third molars were sectioned to remove the roots and expose occlusal dentin surfaces. The pulpal side was flattened to obtain 1 mm remaining dentin thickness. Each specimen was attached on a Perspex plate and connected to a dentin‐permeability measuring apparatus. The specimens were divided into two groups according to the tested products. Dentin permeability was measured under a simulated pulpal pressure after: (a) etching with 37% phosphoric acid; (b) application of CPP–ACP or 8% arginine paste; and (c) acid challenge with 2.6 mmol/L lactic acid. Twelve specimens were prepared so that the treated dentin surfaces could be examined using a scanning electron microscope.ResultsDentin permeability after the application of 8% arginine paste was significantly reduced and lower than that of CPP–ACP paste (P < 0.01). Acid challenge with lactic acid significantly increased dentin permeability in both experimental groups (P < 0.01). The dentin surface treated with 8% arginine paste was covered with particles, but they were removed by acid challenge. Most dentinal tubules were patent when the CPP–ACP paste was applied.ConclusionsThe application of 8% arginine paste decreased dentin permeability, but CPP–ACP paste did not.
Two‐year clinical study on postoperative pulpal complications arising from the absence of a glass‐ionomer lining in deep occlusal resin‐composite restorations
Authors: Banomyong Danuchit , Messer Harold 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo observe the effects of glass‐ionomer cement (GIC) lining on the risk of pulpal complications in deep occlusal cavities with resin‐based restorations.MethodsFifty‐three patients, aged 18–30 years, who had one or two deep occlusal carious lesions (≥3 mm in depth) in molars, were recruited. Dental caries were removed, and the prepared cavity was restored with resin composite using one of two restorative procedures: (a) without GIC lining; and (b) with (resin‐modified) GIC lining. Restored teeth were evaluated for any pulpal complications (subjective symptoms, objective signs or loss of tooth vitality) at 1 month (baseline), 1 year, and 2 years after restoration.ResultsAfter excluding shallow cavities, 31 restorations without GIC lining, and 31 restorations with GIC lining, were placed and recalled at baseline without any pulpal complications. At the 1‐ and 2‐year recalls, six patients who had restorations in group 1, and 13 in group 2, had dropped out. None of the remaining teeth in the two groups exhibited pulpal complications at either recall period, regardless of GIC lining placement.ConclusionsThe absence of GIC lining does not increase the risk of pulpal complications in deep occlusal cavities restored with resin‐based restorations in either the short or long term.
Population structure and incidence of the stolbur phytoplasma vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae) among geographic regions in Switzerland
Authors: Maniyar B. , Kehrli P. , Johannesen J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe dissemination of stolbur phytoplasma (16Sr‐XIIA group)‐induced yellows diseases depends on the dispersal biology and host plant fidelity of the planthopper vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). We analysed the degree of these two properties in H. obsoletus by studying its population genetic structure and stolbur infection rates relative to the two major host plants, Convolvolus arvensis and Urtica dioica, in order to infer relevant divisions for stolbur epidemiology in Swiss viticultural regions. Three regional populations with the potential to determine stolbur epidemiology in distinct ways were identified. First, populations associated with U. dioica in northern Switzerland were most related to genetically distinct U. dioica host race populations identified previously in Germany. Second, populations in central and southwest Switzerland were undifferentiated relative to host plant and likely have wider stolbur transmission breadths than the northern specialized populations. Third, populations in south of the Alps (Ticino) were undifferentiated relative to host plant but geographically isolated from other Swiss regions, thus implying separate population dynamics in this area. The knowledge of these three distinct epidemiological cycles will help to adapt management programmes against stolbur diseases in Swiss vineyards.
Morphology of Bromeliophrya quadristicha n. spec., an Inhabitant of Tank Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae), and Phylogeny of the Bromeliophryidae (Ciliophora, Tetrahymenida)
Authors: Foissner Wilhelm , Stoeck Thorsten 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing morphological, morphometric, and molecular methods, we describe Bromeliophrya quadristicha n. spec. from tank bromeliads of Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. The new species differs from the single congener, B. brasiliensis, mainly in having four (vs. 2) left lateral kinetofragments, 23 (vs. 32) ciliary rows, and a short (vs. long and C‐shaped) adoral membranelle 3. Both the morphological and molecular phylogenies show Bromeliophrya and Glaucomides as sister group of the Glaucomidae. Thus, they should have the same (family) rank.
Flexible‐Dose Fesoterodine in Elderly Adults with Overactive Bladder: Results of the Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of Fesoterodine in an Aging Population Trial
Authors: Wagg Adrian , Khullar Vik , Marschall‐Kehrel Daniela , Michel Martin C. , Oelke Matthias , Darekar Amanda , Bitoun Caty E. , Weinstein David , Osterloh Ian 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of flexible‐dose fesoterodine in elderly adults with overactive bladder (OAB).DesignTwelve‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.SettingSixty‐one outpatient clinics in Europe, Israel, and Turkey.ParticipantsSeven hundred ninety‐four individuals aged 65 and older (47% male) with OAB symptoms for 3 months or longer, mean of eight or more micturitions and three or more urgency episodes per 24 hours, at least some moderate problems on Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 20 or greater.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to fesoterodine or placebo for 12 weeks, with stratification according to age (>75 vs ≤75) and dosing time (morning vs evening). Participants receiving fesoterodine started on 4 mg and could increase to 8 mg at week 4 or 8 and de‐escalate to 4 mg at week 8 (sham escalation for placebo).MeasurementsChanges from baseline in bladder‐diary variables (primary endpoint, urgency episodes) and patient‐reported outcomes including OAB Questionnaire, Treatment Benefit Scale (TBS), PPBC, Urgency Perception Scale (UPS), and OAB Satisfaction Questionnaire (OAB‐S); all observed or reported adverse events.ResultsBy week 8, 64% of fesoterodine‐treated and 71% of placebo‐treated participants opted for dose escalation. At week 12, the fesoterodine group had statistically significantly greater improvement than the placebo group in urgency episodes, micturitions, nocturnal micturitions, incontinence pad use, and OAB Questionnaire scores but not urgency urinary incontinence episodes. Responder rates on TBS, PPBC, UPS, and OAB‐S were statistically significantly higher with fesoterodine. Improvements in most diary variables and participant‐reported outcomes were greater with fesoterodine than placebo in participants in both age groups and when administered in the morning and evening. Rates of dry mouth and constipation were 34% and 9% with fesoterodine and 5% and 3% with placebo, respectively. Rates of adverse events and discontinuations were generally similar in participants in both age groups. There was no change in MMSE score.ConclusionFesoterodine was associated with significantly greater improvements in most diary variables and participant‐reported outcomes than placebo and was generally well tolerated in older people.