bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual enrollment equity pathways: A research‐based framework for expanding college and career opportunity for underserved students
Authors: Griffin Sarah , Steiger Jessica , Garcia Tulloch Aurely , Fink John , Jenkins Davis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article introduces “dual enrollment equity pathways” (DEEP)—a research‐based framework for rethinking à la carte dual enrollment as a more equitable on‐ramp to college programs of study that lead to high‐opportunity careers for students historically underserved in dual enrollment. Using interview data collected from six sites (six community colleges and 12 of their high school partners) that have expanded access and early college success of underrepresented student groups through à la carte dual enrollment, the manuscript describes key themes and emerging evidence of DEEP related to each of the four practice areas of the DEEP framework: (1) outreach to underserved students and schools; (2) aligning dual enrollment to college degrees and careers in fields of interest; (3) early career and academic exploration, advising, and planning; and (4) high‐quality college instruction and academic support. The chapter concludes with considerations for how the DEEP framework influences dual enrollment practice.
Synergistic Effect of Single‐Atom Catalysts and Vacancies of Support for Versatile Catalytic Applications
Authors: Cai Dongxi , Zhang Jie , Kong Zhe , Li Zesheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe combination of single‐atom catalysts and vacancy engineering is an emerging hotspot in the field of single‐atom catalysis. The existence of vacancies provides additional adsorption sites, which can increase the adsorption capacity and diffusion rate of reactant molecules. Single atoms have single‐height atom utilization and steric hindrance effects. The two synergistically show different activation and synergistic processes on different defect materials. Under the synergistic effect of vacancies and single‐atom catalysts, they can affect the adsorption orientation of reactants on the catalyst surface and the formation of intermediate configurations, thereby regulating the reaction path and product selectivity, greatly enhancing the catalytic performance, and maximizing the catalytic effect of the material itself. Therefore, the synergistic effect between pervacancies and single‐atom catalysts can realize more efficient, sustainable, and economical catalytic reaction systems, possessing high‐efficiency performance in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and thermocatalysis, and setting off a new wave in the fields of energy conversion, environmental protection, and organic synthesis. Therefore, catalysts constructed by vacancies and single atoms have broad and bright application prospects.
Plasma‐Assisted Surface Engineering to Stabilize Mn3+ in Electrodeposited Manganese Oxide Films for Water Oxidation
Authors: Qin Chu , Tian Shijun , Wu Jialong , Mou Junliang , Feng Lan , Jiang Zhongqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractManganese oxide is a unique type of transition metal oxide that effectively functions as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, manganese oxide (MnOx) polymorphs are synthesized through electrochemical deposition and treated with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The APPJ surface treatment can generate numerous oxygen vacancies and modify the crystallinity of the MnOx films, which can enhance the long‐term stability of the MnOx films by stabilizing the Mn3+ content in the highly oxidizing environment. The increase in Mn3+ content and concentration of oxygen vacancies in the material synergistically increase the adsorption capacity of OH* and the electron‐transferring capacity of MnOx films in the OER process, making them more stable and effective for OER. MnOx films treated with APPJ exhibit significantly higher activity, better stability, and lower Tafel slopes for OER than untreated MnOx films. The MnOx films treated with APPJ can remain stable for up to 92 hours during OER with a current density of 10 mA cm−2, with an onset overpotential of 310 mV. This strategy, which combines APPJ surface treatment techniques with electrodeposition methods, is innovative in the surface modification of manganese oxides with mixed valences to create OER catalysts with stable Mn3+ content.
Hydrogenation‐Rearrangement of Furfural over Cu‐based Catalysts with Abundant Lewis Acid Sites
Authors: Liu Libin , Si Yuxi , Zhao Wenjie , Zhu Qingqin , Yang Zhaoran , He Jing , Huang Yangqiang , Cheng Youwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclopentanone (CPO) and cyclopentanol (CPL), derived from renewable biomass resource hemicellulose, are considered sustainable chemicals that can substitute fossil‐based products, which could be obtained through the hydrogenation‐rearrangement reaction of furfural (FFA). However, the inevitable condensation reactions of FFA and furfuryl alcohol (FA) in aqueous solutions generate humins and result in carbon loss, limiting the industrial application of this process. Herein, a series of Cu‐based catalysts were synthesized using the reverse co‐precipitation method with various metal promoters and applied in the FFA hydrogenation‐rearrangement reaction. The highest yield of 97.1 % CPO/CPL achieved in a typical reaction condition at 200 °C, 4 MPa, in 20 wt % isopropanol‐water mixed solvent over CuZnZr catalyst and the recyclability test confirmed that the catalyst had excellent stability. Experimental studies and characterizations showed that the enhanced performance could be attributed to the adequate Lewis acid sites, regulated through the synergistic interaction between Cu, Zn, and Zr compounds. The simultaneous introduction of Zn and Zr promotes the Cu reduction, and results in more dispersed Cu0 and Cu+, providing an ample and reliable active site. This study outlines a viable method for the catalyst designing and valorizing biomass into high‐value‐added products.
Ti3C2Tz Supported Pulse‐Electrodeposited Pt Nanostructures for Enhanced Acidic Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chakrabartty Sukanta , Parse Haridas , Krämer Mathias , Kim Se‐Ho , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste , Sokol Maxim , Rosen Brian A. , Eliaz Noam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlatinum (Pt)‐based electrocatalysts are considered benchmark materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution. However, widespread use is limited by the high price of Pt. Tuning the Pt morphology to increase the catalytic surface area for the same mass loading is therefore essential to increase its utilization. Herein, single Ti3C2Tz flakes were deposited by electrophoresis onto a carbon‐fiber gas diffusion layer, after which Pt nanostructures were selectively deposited onto the Ti3C2Tz flakes by pulse electrodeposition. It was observed that the pulse on‐time (ton) and duration had a significant effect on the morphology and activity of the composite electrode towards HER. Flower‐like and spherical morphologies were produced at long and short values of ton, respectively. As‐synthesized electrocatalysts were studied for HER in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The catalyst with the lowest Pt loading (10 μg/cm2), exhibited outstanding HER performance. It attained a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 38 mV, close to that of commercial carbon supported platinum (Pt/C, Vulcan XC). This catalyst exhibited a high turnover frequency (23.9 H2 s−1 @ 100 mV), small Tafel slope (41 mV/dec), and high mass‐specific activity (2.45 A/mgPt @ 100 mV).
On the Role of Radial Dispersion in the Behavior of a Cooled Fixed‐Bed Reactor: Numerical Investigation of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis with a Cobalt‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of radial dispersion of both heat and mass on the behavior of cooled fixed‐bed reactors was explored using a two‐dimensional reactor model. This study accounted for dispersion through an effective radial thermal conductivity (λrad) and a radial dispersion coefficient of mass (Drad), with Fischer–Tropsch synthesis serving as an illustrative process example. Under moderate reaction conditions and hence still rather gentle radial temperature profiles, the effect of mass dispersion on reactor performance was found to be minimal, even if disregarded (Drad = 0), whereas dispersion of heat (λrad) always significantly impacts reactor behavior. Nevertheless, for precise thermal runaway predictions by a reactor model, incorporating mass dispersion by a realistic Drad value is essential.
X‐Ray Computed Tomography Meets Robust Chemometric Latent Space Modeling for Lean Meat Percentage Prediction in Pig Carcasses
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Font‐i‐Furnols Maria 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a case of processing X‐ray computed tomography (CT) data for pork scans using chemometric latent space modeling. The distribution of voxel intensities is shown to exemplify a multivariate, multi‐collinear signal mixture. While this concept is not novel, it is revisited here from a chemometric perspective. To extract meaningful information from such multivariate signals, latent space modeling based on partial least squares (PLS) is an ideal solution. Furthermore, a robust PLS approach is even more effective for latent space modeling, as it can extract latent spaces unaffected by outliers, thereby enhancing predictive modeling. As an example, lean meat percentage is predicted using X‐ray CT data and robust PLS regression. This method is applicable to X‐ray CT quantification analysis, particularly in cases where unclear, erroneous, and outlying observations are suspected in the data.
Phosphorous and Nitrogen Dual‐Doped Carbon as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Sodium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Wu Chang , Shu Chaozhu , Hu Zhe , Gebert Florian , Gu Qin‐Fen , Konstantinov Konstantin , Sharma Shailendra Kumar , Marshall Aaron T. , Yang Weishen , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Wang Jia‐Zhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSodium‐oxygen batteries have been regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their low overpotential and high energy density. Its applications, however, still face formidable challenges due to the lack of understanding about the influence of electrocatalysts on the discharge products. Here, a phosphorous and nitrogen dual‐doped carbon (PNDC) based cathode is synthesized to increase the electrocatalytic activity and to stabilize the NaO2 superoxide nanoparticle discharge products, leading to enhanced cycling stability when compared to the nitrogen‐doped carbon (NDC). The PNDC air cathode exhibits a low overpotential (0.36 V) and long cycling stability (120 cycles). The reversible formation/decomposition and stabilization of the NaO2 discharge products are clearly proven by in‐situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction. Based on the density functional theory calculation, the PNDC has much stronger adsorption (−2.85 eV) for NaO2 than that of NDC (−1.80 eV), which could efficiently stabilize the NaO2 discharge products.
Neptunyl Pyrrophen Complexes: Exploring Schiff Base Chemistry with Multidentate Acyclic Ligands and Transuranics
Authors: Ducilon John , Nicholas Aaron D. , Surbella Robert G. , Gorden Anne E. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis, structure, and characterization of two novel neptunyl complexes (NpO2L1 and NpO2L2) constructed from phenylene‐substituted benzyl ester bis(pyrrole)phenylenediamine (named “pyrrophen”) ligands. In both cases, the neptunium center exists in the +6 oxidation state,. As our specific interest is in exploring the chemistry of neptunium compounds containing the linear neptunyl ion (NpO22+) through equatorially coordinating the metal by multidentate organic ligands, we have identified the differences that are likely to cause discrepancy between the two complexes by examining the ions and their coordinative environments through single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopy. This is the first time pyrrophen has been utilized in Np chemistry and demonstrates a new platform to study 5 f electron participation and coordination.
Investigating the Irreversible Poisoning of Methanol Synthesis Catalysts – A Setup Construction Guide
Authors: Schwiderowski Philipp , Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Laudenschleger Daniel , Bekx Michel , Muhler Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen utilizing industrial exhaust gases for methanol synthesis, catalyst poisoning is an important issue. Long‐term in‐situ poisoning under industrially relevant conditions with sulfur‐containing molecules co‐fed into the feed gas flow and supplemented by extensive post‐mortem characterization of the catalyst bed is an efficient way to deepen the understanding of the poisoning mechanism and the different poisoning strengths of H2S, thiophene, and COS reported in literature. Unfortunately, such studies are rare due to the corrosive effects of sulfur compounds on typical lab‐scale flow setups. Therefore, this communication provides a detailed description of a setup built for poisoning studies using sulfur‐containing molecules under industrially relevant methanol synthesis conditions.
Rapid determination of the antimicrobial properties of surfaces using an enzymatic activity surrogate
Authors: Tanvir Shazia , Kaur Amandeep , Anderson William A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTypical approaches for assessing the antimicrobial activity of metals‐based surfaces involve the contact of a bacterial culture with the surface for a period of time, followed by culturing on agar plates to assess the decrease in microbial viability versus controls. This is a time‐consuming methodology requiring at least 24 h to produce a set of results, which can be a bottleneck for productivity in novel materials development. An enzyme‐based method was shown to be a satisfactory and much more rapid surrogate test for this application. A β‐galactosidase solution was applied to copper, silver, and zinc‐based antimicrobial surfaces for up to 1 h, and then the rate of colour development at 578 nm was monitored for a few minutes after addition of the chromogenic enzyme substrate chlorophenol red‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (CPRG). Highly active antimicrobial surfaces were detected by a lack of colour development, due to enzyme inhibition by the metals. The enzymatic reaction rates were quantified and compared, demonstrating that the copper sample showed the greatest inhibition effect followed by the silver and zinc samples. The antimicrobial activity was quantified using bacteria and the plate count method, and the results correlated well with this enzyme assay, demonstrating that the metals‐based antimicrobial activities of both hard and soft (textile) surfaces could be quickly assessed with this enzyme‐based methodology.
Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate, Heavy Magnesium Carbonate, and Aspirin Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects in the Fasting and Postprandial Conditions
Authors: Yao Fang , He Yingxia , Lu Pan , Wang Jie , Xie Yafang , Li Xiuwen , Liu Qiangwei , Liu Yang , Cao Dan , Liang Jun , Liu Guan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate, heavy magnesium carbonate, and aspirin tablets is a new combined aspirin preparation, each containing aspirin (81 mg), dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (11 mg), and heavy magnesium carbonate (22 mg). This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioequivalence in healthy Chinese subjects. This randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐sequence, and 2‐period crossover study included 78 healthy volunteers (fasting, n = 36; postprandial, n = 42). Blood samples were collected for PK analysis. Aspirin and salicylic acid concentrations in human plasma were determined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Safety and tolerability were monitored. There were no significant differences between the test and reference formulations in maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t, or AUC from time 0 to infinity. The 90% confidence intervals of the test and reference formulations of maximum plasma concentration, AUC from time 0 to time t, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were within the acceptable range (80%‐125%) under fasting and postprandial conditions. All adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were observed in the study. Both compounds were well tolerated in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Enhancing mobile data security using red panda optimized approach with chaotic fuzzy encryption in mobile cloud computing
Authors: Garg Vishal , Kaur Bikrampal , Jangra Surender 
Published: July 2024

SummarySmartphone devices have occupied an indispensable place in human life. These devices have some restrictions, like short lifetime of battery, imperfect computation power, less memory size and unpredictable network connectivity. Hence, a number of methods previously presented to decrease these restrictions as well as increase the battery lifespan with the help of offloading strategy. This manuscript proposes a new enhancing mobile data security using red panda optimized approach with chaotic fuzzy encryption in mobile cloud computing (RPO‐CFE‐SMC) to offload intensive computation tasks from mobile device to the cloud. The proposed model utilizes a red panda optimization algorithm (RPOA) to scale dynamically the offloading decision under energy consumption, CPU utilization, execution time, memory usage parameters. Before the work is transferred to the cloud, an innovative security layer is applied for encrypting the data using AES chaotic fuzzy encryption (CFE) technology. The proposed RPO‐CFE‐SMC method provides 20.63%, 25.25%, 25.28%, and 32.47% lower encryption time and 23.66%, 24.25%, and 26.47% lower energy consumption compared with existing EFFORT‐SMC, EESH‐SMC, and CP‐ABE‐SMC models respectively. In conclusion, the simulation results prove that the improved efficiency of proposed model in offloading computation to the cloud with enhanced data protection using chaotic fuzzy encryption.
Recent advances of PIWI‐interacting RNA in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Kai , Cheng Wei , Fang Bo , Li Ying Hui , Yang Su Min , Zhang Mei Hua , Wang Yun Hong , Wang Kun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and human diseases has been a hot topic of research, but the study of ncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is still in its infancy. PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA), a small ncRNA that binds to the PIWI protein to maintain genome stability by silencing transposons, was widely studied in germ lines and stem cells. In recent years, piRNA has been shown to be involved in key events of multiple CVDs through various epigenetic modifications, revealing the potential value of piRNA as a new biomarker or therapeutic target.ConclusionThis review explores origin, degradation, function, mechanism and important role of piRNA in CVDs, and the promising therapeutic targets of piRNA were summarized. This review provide a new strategy for the treatment of CVDs and lay a theoretical foundation for future research.Key points
piRNA can be used as a potential therapeutic target and biomaker in CVDs.
piRNA influences apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis by regulating epigenetic modificaions.
Critical knowledge gaps remain in the unifying piRNA nomenclature and PIWI‐independent function.
Integrated multi‐omics profiling landscape of organising pneumonia
Authors: Tang Ying , Chu Cuilin , Bu Siyuan , Sun Qin , Liu Airan , Xie Jianfeng , Qiao Sen , Huang Lingyan , Wang Hongmei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrganising pneumonia (OP) is one of the most common and lethal diseases in the category of interstitial pneumonia, along with lung cancer. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, as well as liver fibrosis and sclerosis. Increased levels of ceramides composed of sphingosine and fatty acid, are implicated in the development of both acute and chronic lung diseases. However, their pathophysiological significance in OP is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lipid metabolism reprogramming in OP, focusing on inflammation and fibrosis.MethodsComprehensive multi‐omics profiling approaches, including single‐cell RNA sequencing, Visium CytAssist spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and mass spectrometry, were employed to analyze the tissues. OP mice model was utilized and molecular mechanisms were investigated in macrophages.ResultsThe results revealed a significant association between OP and lipid metabolism reprogramming, characterized by an abnormal expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism, including CD36, SCD1, and CES1 mainly in macrophages. CD36 deficiency in alveolar macrophages, led to an increased expression of C16/24 ceramides that accumulated in mitochondria, resulting in mitophagy or mitochondrial dysfunction. The number of alveolar macrophages in OP was significantly reduced, which was probably due to the ferroptosis signaling pathway involving GSH/SLC3A2/GPX4 through CD36 downregulation in OP. Furthermore, macrophage secretion of DPP7 and FABP4 influenced epithelial cell fibrosis.ConclusionsCD36 inhibited the ferroptosis pathway involving SLC3A2/GPX4 in alveolar macrophages of OP tissue by regulating lipid metabolism, thus representing a new anti‐ferroptosis and anti‐fibrosis effect of CD36 mediated, at least in part, by ceramides.HighlightsOur findings reveal a significant association between organising pneumonia and lipid metabolism reprogramming and will make a substantial contribution to the understanding of the mechanism of organising pneumonia in patients.
Metaheuristic optimization‐based clustering with routing protocol in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kurangi Chinnarao , Paidipati Kiran Kumar , Reddy A. Siva Krishna , Uthayakumar Jayasankar , Kadiravan Ganesan , Parveen Shabana 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn recent years, the use of wireless sensor devices in several applications, for example, monitoring in dangerous geographical spaces and the Internet of Things, has dramatically increased. Though sensor nodes (SNs) have limited power, battery replacement is not feasible in most cases. Therefore, energy saving in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is the major concern in the design of effective transmission protocol. Clustering might lower energy usage and increase network lifetime. Routing protocol for WSN represents an engineering area that has gained considerable interest among researchers due to its rapid evolution and development. Among them, the clustering routing protocol corresponds to the most effective technique to manage the energy consumption of each SN. In this manuscript, we focus on the design of a new metaheuristic optimization‐based energy‐aware clustering with routing protocol for lifetime maximization (MOEACR‐LM) method in WSN. The purpose of the MOEACR‐LM method is to improve network efficiency via proper selection of cluster heads (CHs) and effective data transmission. Initially, a hunter–prey optimization (HPO) method‐based clustering technique is used for cluster construction and the CH selection process. Next, the clouded leopard optimization (CLO) model is used for the route selection process in WSN. The HPO and CLO models derive a fitness function involving multiple parameters for clustering and routing processes. A comprehensive experimental analysis is carried out to demonstrate the enhanced performance of the MOEACR‐LM technique. The overall comparison study pointed out the improved energy efficiency results of the MOEACR‐LM technique over other existing approaches.