bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the empirical validity of prior experience for performance affected by rating approach?
Authors: Baugher Dan , Weisbord Ellen , Ramos Chris 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– In the public sector, Training and Experience (T & E) exams assess prior experience and are one of the most often used methods for selecting job applicants. This study uses a KSA approach, where raters judge the quality of job relevant prior experience, not its duration or quantity. It was hypothesized that an additional rater and a consensus meeting between raters would increase reliability and validity.Design/methodology/approach– T & E and supervisory ratings were obtained over a 12-year period for 166 candidates seeking promotion to a budget analyst position. Validity was measured by the correlation between T & E scores and supervisory ratings. Consensus was required only for T & E scores differing by a specific amount (hybrid consensus).Findings– Intraclass reliability was 0.73, 0.84, and 0.95 in the one-rater, two-rater, and hybrid consensus conditions with each coefficient greater than the next (p< 0.05) showing the benefit of multiple raters and consensus for reliability. Validity was significant at 0.21, 0.26, and 0.251 for each rating condition, respectively (two-tail test;p< 0.01). Validity was greater in the two-rater condition than in the one-rater condition (one-tail test;p< 0.05). Consensus did not improve validity beyond that of two raters. For consensus T & Es (n=76), two raters improved validity (one-tail test;p< 0.05), moving from 0.112 to 0.231 but not reliability; consensus improved reliability (two-tail test;p< 0.05) but not validity.Originality/value– There has been a vacuum in T & E research for close to 20 years. Validity data are difficult to obtain but critical for meta-analysis. T & Es showed validity. Use of two raters improved validity but consensus did not increase the gain.
Knowledge management reliability and its impact on organizational performance
Authors: Mahdavi Mazdeh Mohammad , Hesamamiri Roozbeh 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Although the topic of knowledge management (KM) failure has emerged over the past several years, no specific theory has been proposed about the ability of an organization to discover and manage unexpected failures in the organizational capabilities of KM. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to develop a theory of KM reliability by taking into account the availability of existing theory of high reliability for organizations. Furthermore, this study aims to empirically evaluate the impact of a reliable KM on organizational performance by developing a reliability measurement instrument.Design/methodology/approach– The study develops and tests a theoretical framework whereby the reliable KM is supported on its reliability aspects and organizational performance on its financial, process, and internal aspects. Based on a questionnaire, data were obtained from a sample of 254 companies in North America. The measurement model was tested and confirmed by using structural equation modeling (SEM).Findings– The results show that the reliable KM has a multi-dimensional structure as described by the proposed theoretical framework. Additionally, the results underscore the importance of KM reliability in creating conditions favorable for a firm's success.Practical implications– It was verified that the reliable KM affects the measures of organizational performance, including financial, process, and internal performance. This is useful for researchers and executives looking for appropriate outcomes through the implementation of KM initiatives. Furthermore, this study provides a starting point for further research on KM reliability.Originality/value– This study claims that a key to successful KM is to create a cognitive infrastructure that enables simultaneous adaptive learning and provides an organizational reliability infrastructure through the management of unwanted, unanticipated, and unexplainable failures in the KM's required capabilities.
Digital user behaviour of academicians in a conflict zone, Kashmir
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Ahmad Shah Tariq , Ahmad Suhail 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to explore digital user behaviour of academicians in Kashmir (Indian Administered) in the times of conflict (2008-2010) and peace (2011-2012). It is an attempt to investigate the influence of political conditions on the usage of electronic resources.Design/methodology/approach– Transaction logs in the form of COUNTER reports from Project MUSE database that represent usage at University of Kashmir, were mined for five years – January 2008 to December 2012. The data was divided in to two time periods; conflict period – 2008 to 2010 and peace period – 2011 to 2012.Findings– There is a strong relationship between peace, conflict and e-resource usage. The results confirm peace and conflict as explanatory factors on the use of electronic resources in conflict zones, like Kashmir.Research limitations/implications– Understanding how users behave in the online academic environments, the academic administrators can help to satisfy the perceptions and needs of users associated with the electronic resource settings.Practical implications– The study shows that more attention should be given to prevail peace in conflict zones in order to maximise the use of e-resources.Originality/value– The study is the first of its kind as it is trying to relate the user behaviour with political setups in a conflict zone, Kashmir.
Clinical psychologists’ implementation of the Mental Capacity Act
Authors: Walji Irram , Fletcher Ian , Weatherhead Stephen 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an exploration of the experiences of clinical psychologists involved in implementing the Mental Capacity Act (MCA).Design/methodology/approach– Seven clinical psychologists were interviewed and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings– Six themes were identified: competence and confidence; understanding and uncertainty; colleagues, collaboration, conflicts, and challenges; working within the law: processes and penalties; the psychological way: specialist skills and difficult decision-making; and power, principles, and protecting the person. The themes highlighted how the specialist skills and professional values of clinical psychologists enhanced their ability to maintain person-centred approaches and uphold the empowering principles underlying the MCA. Data analysis indicated a shared narrative among clinical psychologists involved in implementing the MCA, despite differences in client groups and contexts.Practical implications– This research highlighted the importance of finding solutions to current problems with the implementation of the MCA, such as training gaps and misunderstanding of the Act in relation to some of its complexities (e.g. deprivation of liberty safeguards and best interests decisions). These areas have the potential to significantly impact on a person's wellbeing. There is an ongoing need for training, multidisciplinary working, and strong effective supervision with ongoing reflexivity, if the Act is to be implemented in the holistic person-centred manner that are the foundations on which it was developed.Originality/value– This research identifies the important role clinical psychologists have to play in this process. Their specialist skills can encourage a person-centred approach to the implementation of the MCA.
Skills social care workers need to support personalisation
Authors: Moriarty Jo , Manthorpe Jill , Cornes Michelle 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider what implications the government's policy of personalisation has for social care workers in terms of the skills that they need to achieve more personalised support for people using services and family carers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 86 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposeful sample of social care commissioners, family carers, representatives of voluntary organisations and carers’ workers based in four contrasting localities in England.

Findings
– Participants highlighted the need for social care workers to have more specialist knowledge both about different complex health conditions and about services in their locality. The need to offer tailored support to carers that took account of the time they had been caring and the particular issues that they faced in terms of the health problems that the person for whom they cared was emphasised. The relational aspects of care are important.

Research limitations/implications
– This was an exploratory study and may need to be replicated before generalisations could be made.

Originality/value
– Existing published research on personalisation rarely discusses its implications for the social care workforce in terms of their skills. There is also still only a limited literature looking at personalisation from the perspective of family carers and those working with family carers.
Positioning e‐government services in the credence based setting
Authors: Amritesh  , Misra Subhas C. , Chatterjee Jayanta 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe article aims to identify the possibility of contextual shift in traditional notions of e‐government service environment. The authors propose the existence of a new institutional entity as core service providers in addition to the government (G) and citizens (C) in the existing G2C e‐government service environments. Considering the nature of actors involved, the authors position the new e‐government environment under “credence based” service setting that emphasizes user's perspective. The work expands the scope of e‐government to accommodate a much broader range of similar services.Design/methodology/approachScenario study has been chosen to understand the proposed contextual shift in traditional e‐government service setting. Study of one of the e‐government practices – “e‐counseling in India” – has been illustrated to advocate the authors' viewpoint. The data is collected from authorized government websites in India that offer e‐counseling services. In addition, 15 in‐depth interviews were also performed with government officials and users to have a deeper understanding about the new service setting.FindingsThe study has revealed and defended the authors' proposition on “contextual shift” and validated the existence of “credence based” setting in e‐government service environments. Moreover, it provides preliminary insights about why and how information quality can be a critical element for the aforesaid setting.Practical implicationsIdentification of “credence based” e‐government service environments may require a different design strategy for structures, policies, systems, and services to fulfil the user expectations.Originality/valueAttention is given to developing credence based context for G2C e‐government environments. This “contextual shift” identified in this paper contributes to the existing stream of research that emphasizes user's perspective in e‐government services.
The influence of practice educators on occupational therapy students’ understanding of the practical applications of theoretical knowledge: A phenomenological study into student experiences of practice education
Authors: Towns Emma , Ashby Samantha 
Published: May 2014

Background/aimPractice education is a compulsory component of all entry‐level programmes in the health professions. It is used as a teaching strategy to connect theoretical knowledge, such as occupation‐focussed models with practice. The study aimed to explore students’ perceptions about the influence of practice educators on their understanding of the use of occupation‐focussed models in practice.MethodsUsing a phenomenological approach, semi‐structured interviews gained an understanding of six participants’ experiences of their practice education. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.FindingsThree themes emerged from participants’ experiences of practice education. ‘Explaining the theory‐practice nexus’ referred to participants’ difficulties in distinguishing between different forms of theoretical knowledge, it described educators struggle to fulfil the dual roles of educator and practitioner’ when articulating the theoretical knowledge underpinning practice. This often led participants taking an active role in their own learning. ‘Experiencing dissonance between university‐based studies and the real‐world’ described the difference between the importance university studies placed on theory in comparison to practice. ‘Creating a positive mindset for the use of theoretical knowledge in practice for future practice’ illustrated strategies used by some practice educators to articulate the use of theoretical knowledge.ConclusionsThe study highlighted practice educators role in shaping students’ perceptions of theoretical knowledge use in professional reasoning. The increased recognition of practice educators on the implicit curricula creates an onus on the university sector to provide discussion and information exchanges to increase educators’ opportunities to develop, update and increase their skills in describing and using theoretical knowledge to underpin practice.
Traumatic orbital compartment syndrome: Importance of the lateral canthomy and cantholysis
Authors: Sun Michelle T , Chan Weng Onn , Selva Dinesh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundOrbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is an ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent surgical decompression to preserve vision.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, management and outcomes for patients with traumatic OCS.MethodsRetrospective case series of eight patients with OCS secondary to blunt trauma presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 2004 and 2013.ResultsAll patients had acute, painful decrease in visual acuity and proptosis. Common examination findings included a relative afferent pupillary defect, periorbital oedema, ophthalmoparesis and chemosis. All patients underwent surgical decompression in the form of a lateral canthotomy or cantholysis. Three patients who were decompressed within 2 h after injury recovered fully. One patient who sustained a macular hole at the time of injury recovered four lines of Snellen acuity after being decompressed within 1 h. Another patient recovered three lines of Snellen acuity after undergoing decompression at 2.5 h post‐injury. The remaining patients had minimal visual recovery, with postoperative visual acuities ranging from hand movements to no perception to light. Of these patients, one was decompressed at 2 h, while the remaining underwent decompression at 4 and 6 h post‐injury.ConclusionsPrompt decompression is essential for visual recovery in OCS, which appears maximal if performed within 2 h of injury. All patients presenting with history and examination findings suggestive of OCS should undergo emergency canthotomy and cantholysis prior to any additional investigations to minimise visual loss.
China type 2 diabetes treatment status survey of treatment pattern of oral drugs users
Authors: Ji Linong , Lu Juming , Weng Jianping , Jia Weiping , Tian Haoming , Zhu Dalong , Xing Xiaoping , Guo Lixin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the current status of oral anti‐diabetic drug (OAD) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and influencing factors in a real‐world setting in China.MethodsA total of 9872 outpatients with type 2 diabetes, who had received OADs (monotherapy or combination therapy) for at least 3 months were recruited in this study. Current antidiabetic treatment regimen and related clinical data were collected from medical records and analyzed.ResultsThe most common OADs in use were insulin secretagogues (70.2%) such as sulfonylureas (SUs; 42.7%) or glinides (27.5%), followed by metformin (53.7%), α‐glucosidase inhibitors (35.9%), thiazolidinediones (17.2%), and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors (0.8%). Dual‐drug combination therapy was more common (45.4%) than monotherapy (35.8%) and combination therapy with at least three drugs (17.0%). Patients on SU or glinide monotherapy were more likely to alter their treatment frequently (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.38–2.08; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe status of OAD use in China is varied with a majority of the patients altering their treatment regimen citing poor effectiveness. These observations from a real‐world setting may serve as guidance for improving diabetes management in China.
Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm phase II study
Authors: Srimuninnimit Vichien , Sriuranpong Virote , Suwanvecho Suthida 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsCurrently, the only standard systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is sorafenib monotherapy. The study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of sorafenib and gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsBetween March 2008 and October 2010, patients with advanced pathologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma who had not received previous systemic therapy and had Child–Pugh liver function class A or B received sorafenib plus gemcitabine. Treatment included 4‐week cycle of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15) to the maximum of six cycles together with sorafenib (400 mg twice daily). Patient continued sorafenib until disease progression or withdrawal from other reasons. The primary end point is progression‐free survival.ResultsForty‐five patients were enrolled in this study. The median progression‐free survival was 3.7 months (95% CI 3.5–3.8). The overall response rate was 4% with no complete responses and the disease control rate was 66%. The median overall survival (OS) was 11.6 months (95% CI 7.4–15.9). The median time to progression was 3.6 months (95% CI 3.4–3.7). The most frequently reported grade 3/4 treatment‐related adverse events included thrombocytopenia 33%, neutropenia 16% and hand‐foot skin reaction 13%. The study regimen was well tolerated.ConclusionThe combination of sorafenib and gemcitabine in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is generally well tolerated and has modest clinical efficacy. The median OS is up to 1 year. However, well‐designed randomized controlled trials with a sorafenib alone comparator arm are needed to confirm this finding.
KRAS mutation testing of metastatic colorectal cancer in Australia: Where are we at?
Authors: Scott Rodney J. , Fox Stephen B. , Desai Jayesh , Grieu Fabienne , Amanuel Benhur , Garrett Kerryn , Harraway James , Cheetham Glenice , Pattle Neville , Haddad Afaf , Byron Keith , Rudzki Barney , Waring Paul , Iacopetta Barry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo carry out a nationwide study of KRAS testing in metastatic colorectal cancer as reported by nine major molecular pathology service providers in Australia, including mutation frequencies and turnaround times that might impact on patient care.MethodsParticipating laboratories contributed information on KRAS mutation frequencies, including the G13D mutation type, as well as turnaround times for tumor block retrieval and testing.ResultsThe KRAS mutation frequency observed by nine different test sites for a total of 3688 metastatic colorectal cancers ranged from 34.4% to 40.7%, with an average across all sites of 38.8%. The average frequency of the G13D mutation type among all cases was 8.0%. The median turnaround time was 17 days (range 0–191), with 20% of cases requiring more than 4 weeks for a KRAS test result. The major contributor to long turnaround times was the time taken to retrieve archived blocks of primary tumor, particularly from sources external to the test site.ConclusionThe frequency of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer reported by the major Australian test sites is very similar to that reported by other large overseas studies. More widespread introduction of routine testing at the time of initial diagnosis should eliminate the long turnaround times currently being experienced in a significant proportion of cases. Future expansion of testing to include other KRAS and NRAS mutation hotspots may spur the introduction of next‐generation sequencing platforms.
Efficacy of IgE‐targeted vs empiric six‐food elimination diets for adult eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sánchez J. , Gómez Torrijos E. , López Viedma B. , de la Santa Belda E. , Martín Dávila F. , García Rodríguez C. , Feo Brito F. , Olmedo Camacho J. , Reales Figueroa P. , Molina‐Infante J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundSkin testing‐guided elimination diet has proved unsuccessful for adult eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), whereas empiric six‐food elimination diet (SFED) achieves an efficacy of 70%.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of food‐specific serum IgE‐targeted elimination diet (sIgE‐ED) and SFED.MethodsProspective study in adult patients with EoE. Food‐specific serum IgE, skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) to foods included in SFED were performed. Those with ≥1 positive IgE test, defined by ≥0.1 kU/l, followed a 6‐week sIgE‐ED, whereas non‐IgE‐sensitized patients underwent a 6‐week SFED. Responders to diet (<15 eos/HPF) underwent individual reintroduction of foods followed by histological assessment.ResultsForty‐three EoE patients were included (26 sIgE‐ED and 17 SFED). Regarding sIgE‐ED, the mean number of eliminated foods per patient was significantly lower than in SFED (3.81 vs 6; P < 0.001), being wheat (85%), nuts (73%) and cow's milk (61%) the most commonly foods withdrawn. No difference in histological response was observed between sIgE‐ED and SFED (73% vs 53%, P = 0.17). Causative foods identified by food challenge were cow's milk (64%), wheat (28%), egg (21%) and legumes (7%), with a single food trigger in 71% of patients. sIgE exhibited the higher accuracy to predict offending foods in IgE‐sensitized patients (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 68% (κ = 0.43)), with k values of 1 for cow's milk. APT results were all negative.ConclusionsHistological remission was accomplished in 73% of patients undergoing sIgE‐ED, which was nonsignificantly superior to SFED. sIgE effectively identified cow's milk as a food trigger in IgE‐sensitized patients.
Food Insecurity and Body Norms among Rural Guatemalan Schoolchildren
Authors: Maupin Jonathan N. , Brewis Alexandra 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe predominant hypothesis regarding the ecology of body image suggests that contexts of food insecurity foster positive evaluations of and preferences for fat bodies as they symbolize wealth, social and reproductive success, strength, beauty, and fertility. Yet, there are few studies that empirically test this relationship or examine how experiences of food insecurity influence perceptions of thin bodies. In this study, we examine the ecology of body norms among a group of primary schoolchildren in a semirural community in the Central Highlands of Guatemala. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that food insecurity predicts fat‐positive or thin‐negative evaluations of children's body size or, conversely, that food security predicts thin‐positive or fat‐negative evaluations. Utilizing a characteristic attribution task to measure positive and negative evaluations of average, thin, and fat bodies, we measure the strength of preference and prejudice for each body size. While we find a strong preference for average bodies and prejudice against both thin and fat bodies overall, food insecurity predicts children having very negative evaluations of thin bodies. These results suggest a different interpretation of the ecology of body norms as, rather than fostering fat‐positive evaluations, food insecurity exaggerates biases toward thin bodies.