bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgeon Perspectives on Alternative Nerve Repair Techniques
Authors: Owusu Anthony , Mayeda Brian , Isaacs Jonathan 
Published: October 2013

Background Over the past five decades, microsuturing has been established as the “gold standard” for nerve repair. Alternative techniques such as fibrin glue, protein “welds”, and nerve connectors have been met with variable enthusiasm. While advancements in this area continue, there is little data on surgeon attitude and acceptance of these new techniques. Methods A short questionnaire was electronically distributed to the members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the American Association of Hand Surgery. Survey questions ascertained demographic information of participants (specialty, years in practice, practice setting, etc.), attitudes about current techniques (what techniques currently used, why, etc.), and attitudes about new techniques (openness to trying, factors that would persuade for/against, etc.). The surveys were distributed and administered online. Data gathered from responses was analyzed looking for general trends and stratified based on demographic data. Results The majority of responders still consider microsuturing as the gold standard for primary nerve repair, and it is by far the most utilized technique. However, over 90 % also reported that they either currently use or would consider using alternate techniques. Common barriers to utilizing alternate techniques included lack of data regarding outcomes and unfamiliarity with new techniques. Only 40 % of responders considered metal as safe around nerves, but most consider absorbable polymers safe. None of the underlying demographic variables including years in practice, number of nerve repair surgeries performed per month, practice setting, or specialty affected these general trends. Conclusions Most surgeons performing nerve repairs prefer suturing as their primary repair technique, but a vast majority is open to utilizing alternate repair techniques, especially those that improve outcomes with a faster and easier procedure. While not able to direct clinical practice guidelines, this study can be used to direct focus and funding of further alternate nerve repair techniques.
Stigma and ideological constructions of the foreign: Facing HIV/AIDS in South Africa
Authors: Black Steven P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article I discuss language ideologies and stigma, exploring how a group of South Africans living with HIV confronted the perceived language of HIV and engaged with international aid to live “positive lives” amid stigma. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a Zulu choir that functioned as an HIV support group and AIDS activist organization, I analyze talk about how others talked about HIV (metapragmatic discourse about HIV) to suggest a language-ideological component of stigma. I also explore how choir members' engagement with scientific medicine and international aid provided an alternative ideological framework in which the foreign was positively valued. I analyze how choir members creatively incorporated English medical terminology intoisiZuludiscourse as an alternative to the language of stigma. This analysis provides a model of the language-ideological constitution of stigma that suggests links to theorization of language and other types of marginality and abjection. (Language ideologies, stigma, HIV/AIDS, South Africa, Zulu, exclusion, markedness)*
Living with the decision that someone will die: Linguistic distance and empathy in jurors' death penalty decisions
Authors: Conley Robin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBased on ethnographic fieldwork in Texas death penalty trials, this article explores how language helps to make death penalty decisions possible—how specific communicative choices mediate and restrict jurors', attorneys', and judges' actions and experiences while serving and reflecting on capital trials. By analyzing postverdict interviews with jurors, trial language, and written legal language, I examine a variety of communicative practices through which defendants are dehumanized and thus considered deserving of death. This dehumanization is made possible through the physical and linguistic management of distance, which enables jurors to deny empathy with defendants and, in turn, justify their sentencing decisions. In addition, the article probes how jurors' linguistic choices can create distance between themselves and the reality of their decisions, further facilitating death sentences. (Law, empathy, deixis, agency, dehumanization, linguistic distance)*
Facts
Authors: Hartley M. 
Published: October 2013

I am grateful to the Editors of the Annual and to Professor Droop for allowing me an early opportunity of replying to Professor Droop's criticisms of my attempt to date the Laconian krater from Eleutherna (B.S.A. xxxi, pp. 111 ff.).I dated the fragments of this krater, on consideration of the history of the shape, to the middle of the sixth century; Professor Droop complains that I did not use evidence obtained by the excavators of the shrine of Artemis Orthia at Sparta and set out in the official publication. Now he admits that the shape was not found at Orthia (and he might have added that it has not been found elsewhere in a stratified deposit); there is not, therefore, any question here, as Professor Droop seems to think, of conflict between ‘the evidence of facts derived from the excavation of a well-stratified site’ and arguments drawn from considerations of style.
Fragment of a Byzantine Musical Handbook in the Monastery of Laura on Mt. Athos
Authors: Tillyard H. J. W. 
Published: October 2013

The musical Notation of the Greek Church is decipherable as far back as the beginning of the Round System in the thirteenth century. Some examples of this were given in my article in last year's Annual. But before the invention of the Round System another kind of notation was in use, called for convenience the Linear System, the rules of which are very obscure. The reading of the Round System was made easy by the familiar little treatise called the Papadike, which occurs in many MSS., and explains the main principles of the notation. Nothing of the kind seems to have been known dealing with the Linear System. But the fragment which I am now to place before the reader may be expected to throw some light upon it. I photographed this fragment on my visit to the Monastery of Laura in 1912: and so far as I know, this is the first time that anything has been written about it.The fragment is a single leaf of parchment bound up with the MS. Laura Γ 67, a small quarto codex containing some of the Stichera of the Triodium and Pentescostarium, i.e. the original hymns (excluding Canons and words set to tunes not specially composed for them) sung at the movable days in Lent, Holy Week and Eastertide. The manuscript is written in a bold well-formed hand, the text in black, the notes in red.
The Master of the Stroganoff Nikoxenos Vase
Authors: Beazley J. D. 
Published: October 2013

The pictures on pp. 230, 231 (Figs. 1, 2) are taken from a red-figured amphora of Panathenaic shape in the Louvre (G 61). They are more curious than comely, but if devoid of merit they are not devoid of interest. Let us put them beside the pictures on p. 233 (Figs. 3, 4), which come from a vase in Count Stroganoff's collection. The lower part of the dress and the sandalled feet are almost line for line the same in both vases; the altars are the same except in one small detail: notice carefully the sleeve in Fig. 1, and compare it with the sleeve in Fig. 4. Other resemblances will strike the eye, but it will be enough to mention one: is there not something odd about the perpendicular fold-lines on the chiton in Fig. 4? in archaic drawing, perpendicular folds go right on until they meet a transverse line; but here they stop of their own accord at Athena's waist: now the grouped folds on the sleeve of Fig. 2 behave in the same obstinate way.The Louvre vase G 61 has a pendant in the Louvre vase G 60, which is figured by Pottier in his Album, Pl. 95. The subjects are similar: on A of G 61, Athena bending at an altar, holding a spear and a flower; on A of G 62, Athena bending at an altar, holding a wreath and a spray of smilax; on B of G 61, a woman worshipper at an altar, holding a smilax spray; on B of G 60, a man worshipper at an altar, holding a phiale.
Note on the Fragments of the Gypsy Carol
Authors: W. R. H.  
Published: October 2013

The following fragments of a Gypsy carol in honour of St. Basil have been supplied to me by Dr. John Sampson. The references are to Paspáti, Études sur les Tchinghianés, from which he has excerpted and pieced together the relevant quotations.A. Åyo Vasílí avélaPi lolí djornisa.St. Basile vient avec son mulet rouge (‘Ch[anson] du premier jour de l'an,’ p. 228 s.v. Djorní).
Rhythm in Byzantine Music
Authors: Tillyard H. J. W. 
Published: October 2013

A Uniform method of transcription, immediately applicable to all Byzantine melodies, is the great desideratum of musical theorists in order that this music may become available for general study and performance. At present there is a tolerable agreement about the interval-signs, which indicated the progression of the melody, both in the Round system, beginning in the late twelfth century, and also in its offshoot, the Cucuzelian system, whose use lasted until the reforms of Chrysanthus, about 1821. The Linear systems prevailing in the eleventh and twelfth centuries are obscure, but our knowledge of the Round system, gained since 1870, is no mean achievement and bodes well for further progress.While the melodic signs are intelligible, the utmost disagreement prevails about rhythm and tonality. Every student tries to please himself, and the result to the ordinary reader is entire perplexity. The rhythm of Byzantine hymnody forms the subject of the present article. The matter is made more difficult by the lack of any positive check on the ultimate result. If in working out the interval-signs we make a false step, the outcome will be an impossible cadence. But the rhythmical indications are too vague for mathematical certainty to be attainable. Nevertheless I am venturing to put forward what seems to me a fair and reasonable method of transcription both for the Round and for the Cucuzelian systems. The problem of tonality is beyond the scope of this paper. I hope to return to it at some later date, and meanwhile have followed the most generally accepted views.
Excavations at Sparta, 1924—25: § 4.—The Acropolis. The Site
Authors: Woodward A. M. , Hobling M. B. 
Published: October 2013

The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos was identified and to a large extent excavated in 1907, by the late Mr. Guy Dickins, who completed the task in the following year. Accounts of these campaigns, and of the principal finds, were published by him in the Annual (xiii. pp. 137–154, and xiv. pp. 142–146, respectively). This undertaking was practically limited to the thorough exploration of the area enclosed within the wall of the Hieron (B.S.A. xiii., l.c., Fig. 1), and except for the uncovering of the south face of the south wall, and for one trial trench about twenty metres in length, running southwards from the centre of this wall, no excavation took place to the south of the Precinct, in the area contained between it and the retaining-wall of the cavea of the theatre below. As this trench had yielded a large quantity of pottery, including fine fragments of the local Geometric style, a systematic exploration of this area seemed a duty, to be undertaken without delay, when operations were resumed in 1924.Work commenced on April 7th, 1924, and lasted until the end of the season (May 31st); in 1925, from April 13th to May 30th. The number of men employed seldom exceeded ten, though about sixteen were at work in the second half of May 1924.
How the Aryballos was suspended
Authors: Haspels C. H. Emilie 
Published: October 2013

If we look at the aryballos represented in the field of our vase (Pl. III), we ask ourselves what the tags are which we see hanging on the shoulder. This question involves another, how the aryballos was carried. I shall try to answer both questions.The old, Corinthian type of aryballos was suspended by its big, solid handle, through which a cord or string was passed.The Attic type, on the other hand, was carried by a cord tied round the neck of the vase. That is the rule, even when there are handles. Such handles are narrow and consequently fragile; and there was no reason to reject a perfectly satisfactory method of suspension because of a change in detail.I. The simplest way is as follows. Make a loop in a cord, knotting the cord at a (Fig. 1, 1). See that the loose ends are of the same length. Then pass the ends round the neck of the vase, and make another knot on the other side at b (Fig. 1, 2). Two ends thus hang down from the neck, on the side opposite to the loop by which the vase is carried. Seen in profile : Fig. 1, 3. As soon as you carry the vase, it naturally tips up (Fig. 1, 4) (just as the Corinthian type did which was carried by the handle).
A Dancing Maenad
Authors: Beazley J. D. 
Published: October 2013

To his account of the sculptures in the collection of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, Michaelis appended a brief mention of the vases in the Duke's possession, singling out ‘one of a Bacchante dancing merrily, for whom a Satyr in a graceful attitude blows the flute.’ This vase was in the British Museum for a few weeks some years ago, and I happened to see it there: his Grace very kindly permitted me to have it photographed, to copy the pictures, and to publish it here (Pls. XVII, XVIII): for which I would beg him to accept my thanks.It is a vase of a common type—a Nolan amphora—but of quite unusual charm. The picture on the front—the dancing maenad, the boy satyr playing the flute—is complete in itself; but the singing woman on the back of the vase is not a mere ‘mantle figure,’ she is connected with the group on the front, and blends with them into a trio—music, dance, and song.
Antissa
Authors: Lamb W. 
Published: October 2013

Antissa, now Ovriokastro, 16 km. south-west of Methymna, is, of all ancient sites in the island of Lesbos, the loveliest and the most isolated. On the land side it is cut off by the lower slopes of the massif which culminates in Mt. Ordymnos; on the sea side it is unsheltered and provided with the shallowest anchorage. Nowadays, a small caïque can only call during the hours when the wind drops: long ago, before the change of coast level, deeper water may have provided easier approach.Koldewey has proved the identification of Ovriokastro with Antissa beyond dispute, and must be referred to for general discussion and for comments on the Genoese and Turkish fortifications. For our own purposes, the site, which is extensive, may be divided into four parts : (1) The Castro. This is a round, hilly promontory, almost separated from the mainland by the mediaeval moat, and built over with Genoese and Turkish walls.
The Date of the Cretan Shields
Authors: Benton Sylvia 
Published: October 2013

Dr. Kunze's splendid presentation alone makes possible the study of Cretan shields, many of which he put together with his own hands. Even where I differ from his conclusions I have to start from the premises he laid down from his careful and scholarly analysis, and his magnificent illustrations.Dr. Kunze dated the beginning of the Cretan shields by the date of certain gold bands (op. cit. pp. 247, 266) found with Attic vases, from the end of the ninth to the beginning of the seventh century B.C. He has subsequently lowered the date of at least some other Attic vases by some fifty years, and he has told me that he is now disposed to date the shields also later than he did.Dr. Kunze was naturally looking for an early date, since Johansen had affirmed the dependence of Protocorinthian vase-painting on Crete, particularly on Cretan metal-work, in which he was firmly supported by Payne.
Part V. A Mycenaean Cavalryman
Authors: Hood M. S. F. 
Published: October 2013

Terracotta figurine (Figs. 47 and 48). Ht. 0·09 m. L. preserved 0·08 m. Broken in four pieces and much damaged. Fine orange clay, the surface smoothed or burnished. Decoration in red lustrous paint, much worn.The figurine seems to represent an armed man riding astride upon an animal. The animal and its rider were moulded separately and were put together while the clay was still soft before firing. The rider's legs are not represent ed. He is wearing a conical helmet, and in his right hand he is clasping what appears to be the hilt of a sword or dagger slung in front of him: but the object might be intended for a bow or quiver. The left hand of the rider and the top of his sword are missing: so is the head of the animal and three of its legs, and there are chips from the remaining leg and from the tail. The animal, from its size in relation to the man and on grounds of general probabilities, may be assumed to be a horse.The horse has a stripe down its back and vertical zebra-like stripes along the sides which continue down the legs and round the neck. The rider's helmet is painted solid, and his eyes are represented by dots. There is a single broad stripe down his back; but any decoration which there may have been in front, on his chest and on the sword, has left no trace.
The Date of IG V (2) 516 (SIG3 800)
Authors: Gossage A. J. 
Published: October 2013

Since Wilhelm published, in 1909, his study of this inscription, scholars have unanimously accepted his conclusion that it belongs to the year A.D. 42. The purpose of this article is to examine the arguments both of Wilhelm and of others, notably von Premerstein, who support his conclusion, and to consider the possibility of giving the inscription a different date.The document in question is a decree of the Arcadian polis Lykosoura honouring Nikasippos, son of Philippos, and his wife Timasistrata, daughter of Onasikrates, for their various benefactions. In particular Nikasippos ‘undertook the priesthood of Despoina during an Olympic year when no one was willing to come forward for appointment and there was no revenue for the mysteries. He paid money into the fiscus from his own private means (ἀπὲ̵ δωκεν ἐκ τοῦ ἰδὶου βὶου τῶι φὶσκωι) The following year, after the harvest had failed, Nikasippos undertook the priesthood with his wife Timasistrata at the wish of the Lykourasioi …’ The decree is dated by this second priesthood of Nikasippos (ἐπὶ ἱερὲος τᾶς Δεσποὶνας τὸ β Νικασὶππου τοῦ φιλὶππου), by the ἐπιμεληταὶ and by the formula ἒτους λ` καὶ β` κατὰ τὸν Σεβαστὸν Wilhelm's arguments for assigning it to A.D. 42 can be classed as: (i) historical; (ii) chronological; (iii) epigraphical and stylistic; (iv) prosopographical. Premerstein adds (v) further historical arguments.
Part I. Neolithic Mycenae
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

Stamatakes's excavations in the Grave Circle area revealed, although it was not recognized until much later, that Mycenae had been inhabited in the Early Bronze Age, the Early Helladic Period. This was confirmed by subsequent researches which produced Early Helladic material from the foot of the Ramp, outside the Grave Circle, beneath the South House and below the Palace. Now the recent work of Dr. Papademetriou and ourselves has yielded fresh evidence. He has found more E.H. material in Schliemann's Grave Circle and some possible Neolithic sherds as well. In the area of the Prehistoric Cemetery outside the Cyclopean walls to the north-west of the Lion Gate we have found in a mixed unstratified layer at the eastern foot of the mound or tumulus which covered the dome of the ‘Tomb of Aegisthus’ many fragments of E.H. pottery, both decorated and plain. Since the plain E.H. ware found is of a simple, thickish fabric hand-polished and usually of a dull red or of a mud colour, we had at times wondered whether some of these fragments might not almost be classed as Neolithic. This was especially so in the case of some of the fragments from the lowest strata at the foot of the Ramp. Unfortunately these fragments were lost during the war in the Nauplia Museum and cannot now be checked.The discovery of Neolithic B pottery at the Argive Heraeum, and still more recently Dr. Caskey's most successful excavations at Lerna, encouraged us in the idea that a site like Mycenae was probably inhabited in Neolithic times also. Since the Early Helladic material is not stratified, except in areas like the foot of the Ramp or below the South House, it was hardly to be expected that Neolithic remains, if found, would be stratified. It is always possible, however, that some part of the site, not yet explored, may have escaped later disturbance or overbuilding. We have therefore now paid particular attention to the unstratified debris found above the Prehistoric Cemetery at the eastern foot of the Aegisthus mound. Among this we have found two sherds which are in our opinion almost certainly Neolithic.
Four white lekythoi in the National Museum of Athens
Authors: Kardara Chrysoula P. 
Published: October 2013

The two white lekythoi illustrated in Plate 40 a–b and Figs. 1–2 were found together in a basement of the National Museum in Athens. The provenience is unknown. They are restored, and have necks, mouths, and handles belonging to other lekythoi. The height of the ancient parts is 0·33 m. The outlines of the drawing are a mixture of matt red and brown; the added colours are mauve, green, and light brown. No vent-hole is visible in either of them.The subject of the composition on no. 19272 (Plate 40 a and Fig. 1) is a visit to the grave. There is a grave stele in the middle, projecting on to the shoulder of the vase; it rests on a step and has three shafts, one rising from the other. The lowest shaft is the broadest, the middle one the highest. The two lower shafts are crowned by a plinth. From each plinth two tiers of acanthus leaves rise, in outline, or painted mauve, green, or light brown. These enrich the stele, diminish the excessive elevation, and add balance. From the lowest leaves of the upper acanthus group two woollen sashes hang, the left-hand one green, the other mauve. A third sash, green, hangs from the upper border band to left of the stele. Behind the stele, a trapeza, resting on a couple of steps, gives more stability to the general aspect of the monument.