bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the genetic basis of ear‐related traits in maize (Zea mays L.) using linkage mapping, association mapping and genomic prediction
Authors: Chang Liguo , He Kunhui , Liu Jianchao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs important yield components, the genetic analysis of ear‐related traits could provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding. Here, we reported the comprehensive genetic architecture of five ear‐related traits using 150 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) populations derived from the cross between Xu178 and K12. Besides, two sets of association populations were used to dissect genetic loci of five traits by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). A total of 32 QTLs of ear‐related traits were detected in the linkage mapping. Based on the mixed linear model (MLM), a total of 117 significant SNP markers of ear‐related traits were detected. Furthermore, a combined GWAS and linkage mapping analysis revealed 51 significant SNP markers fell within the confidence interval of QTLs. A total of seven co‐located significant SNP markers among different traits were found. Finally, six important candidate genes related to grain development were screened out. In addition, through haplotype analysis, two favourable haplotypes were found on chromosome 4, which could increase row number per ear (RNE), kernel number per row (KNR) and grain yield per plant (GYP) to a certain extent. Compared with the random model, the prediction accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) was improved in different degrees by considering the significant SNP markers as fixed effects. The stable genetic QTLs, candidate genes and favourable haplotypes found in this study are valuable resources, which will provide theoretical reference for high‐yield breeding of maize. Taken together, the research results also highlight the benefits of integrating GWAS with GP to further improve the accuracy of GP.
Optimising height‐growth predicts trait responses to water availability and other environmental drivers
Authors: Towers Isaac R. , O'Reilly‐Nugent Andrew , Sabot Manon E. B. , Vesk Peter A. , Falster Daniel S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFuture changes in climate, together with rising atmospheric , may reorganise the functional composition of ecosystems. Without long‐term historical data, predicting how traits will respond to environmental conditions—in particular, water availability—remains a challenge. While eco‐evolutionary optimality theory (EEO) can provide insight into how plants adapt to their environment, EEO approaches to date have been formulated on the assumption that plants maximise carbon gain, which omits the important role of tissue construction and size in determining growth rates and fitness. Here, we show how an expanded optimisation framework, focussed on individual growth rate, enables us to explain shifts in four key traits: leaf mass per area, sapwood area to leaf area ratio (Huber value), wood density and sapwood‐specific conductivity in response to soil moisture, atmospheric aridity, and light availability. In particular, we predict that as conditions become increasingly dry, height‐growth optimising traits shift from resource‐acquisitive strategies to resource‐conservative strategies, consistent with empirical responses across current environmental gradients of rainfall. These findings can explain both the shift in traits and turnover of species along existing environmental gradients and changing future conditions and highlight the importance of both carbon assimilation and tissue construction in shaping the functional composition of vegetation across climates.
Photosynthetic capacity in middle‐aged larch and spruce acclimates independently to experimental warming and elevated CO2
Authors: Dusenge Mirindi Eric , Warren Jeffrey M. , Reich Peter B. , Ward Eric J. , Murphy Bridget K. , Stefanski Artur , Bermudez Raimundo , Cruz Marisol , McLennan David A. , King Anthony W. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Hanson Paul J. , Way Danielle A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotosynthetic acclimation to both warming and elevated CO2 of boreal trees remains a key uncertainty in modelling the response of photosynthesis to future climates. We investigated the impact of increased growth temperature and elevated CO2 on photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) in mature trees of two North American boreal conifers, tamarack and black spruce. We show that Vcmax and Jmax at a standard temperature of 25°C did not change with warming, while Vcmax and Jmax at their thermal optima (Topt) and growth temperature (Tg) increased. Moreover, Vcmax and Jmax at either 25°C, Topt or Tg decreased with elevated CO2. The Jmax/Vcmax ratio decreased with warming when assessed at both Topt and Tg but did not significantly vary at 25°C. The Jmax/Vcmax increased with elevated CO2 at either reference temperature. We found no significant interaction between warming and elevated CO2 on all traits. If this lack of interaction between warming and elevated CO2 on the Vcmax, Jmax and Jmax/Vcmax ratio is a general trend, it would have significant implications for improving photosynthesis representation in vegetation models. However, future research is required to investigate the widespread nature of this response in a larger number of species and biomes.
A case of erythema ab igne with histopathological features resembling keratosis lichenoides chronica
Authors: Shahin Ahmad B. , Coias Jennifer , Mastin Murphy , Lehman Julia S. , Anderson Katelyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis case describes a pediatric patient with a history of ichthyosis vulgaris and global anhidrosis who was diagnosed with erythema ab igne (EAI), a rare dermatosis resulting from chronic heat exposure. After developing progressive, reticulated brown patches on his extremities and abdomen, extensive diagnostic investigations were conducted to rule out autoimmune, vascular, and genetic etiologies. Bloodwork was unrevealing and biopsies showed histologic features closely resembling keratosis lichenoides chronica. Ultimately, after discovering the patient had prolonged exposure to a space heater, the diagnosis of EAI was made. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in pediatric EAI cases and emphasizes the importance of careful history taking as part of a comprehensive evaluation.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Methylmalonic Acidemia
Authors: Minnee Robert C. , Sakamoto Seisuke , Fukuda Akinari , Uchida Hajime , Hirukawa Kazuya , Honda Masaki , Okumura Shinya , Ito Takashi , Yilmaz Tonguç U. , Fang Yitian , Ikegami Toru , Lee Kwang W. , Kasahara Mureo ,   Vanguard Multi‐Center Study of International Living Donor Liver Transplantation Group
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite early diagnosis and medical interventions, patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) suffer from multi‐organ damage and recurrent metabolic decompensations.MethodsWe conducted the largest retrospective multi‐center cohort study so far, involving five transplant centers (NCCHD, KUH, KUHP, ATAK, and EMC), and identified all MMA patients (n = 38) undergoing LDLT in the past two decades. Our primary outcome was patient survival, and secondary outcomes included death‐censored graft survival and posttransplant complications.ResultsThe overall 10‐year patient survival and death‐censored graft survival rates were 92% and 97%, respectively. Patients who underwent LDLT within 2 years of MMA onset showed significantly higher 10‐year patient survival compared to those with an interval more than 2 years (100% vs. 81%, p = 0.038), although the death‐censored graft survival were not statistically different (100% vs. 93%, p = 0.22). Over the long‐term follow‐up, 14 patients (37%) experienced intellectual disability, while two patients developed neurological complications, three patients experienced renal dysfunction, and one patient had biliary anastomotic stricture. The MMA level significantly decreased from 2218.5 mmol/L preoperative to 307.5 mmol/L postoperative (p = 0.038).ConclusionsLDLT achieves favorable long‐term patient and graft survival outcomes for MMA patients. While not resulting in complete cure, our findings support the consideration of early LDLT within 2 years of disease onset. This approach holds the potential to mitigate recurrent metabolic decompensations, and preserve the long‐term renal function.
The deformation of democracy in the United States: When does bureaucratic “neutral competence” rise to complicity?
Authors: Bozeman Barry , Nelson John P. , Bretschneider Stuart , Lindsay Spencer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen a step‐change in the severity and nature of threats to United States democracy, including extensive efforts by elected officials to undercut democratic governance. When elected officials undermine democracy, this constitutes “deformation of democracy.” As implementors and agents of policy, public administrators can sometimes play essential roles as bulwarks against democratic deformation. However, among public administrators there is historically a strong ethos emphasizing neutral competence and subordination to political authority, in some cases reinforced by law. How should public administrators respond when confronted by deformation and, at the same time, constrained by tradition and law? We selectively review strands of public administration theory, focusing on theory especially relevant to the United States governmental system, to construct and assess a catalog of responses that public administrators can take under democratic deformation. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations focused on institutionalized collective action by public administrators.
The Comparative Account of Tort Reparation
Authors: Chau Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHow can tort reparation be justified? Stephen Perry's comparative account relies on two ideas: (1) the loss arising from an injurious event should be distributed between the injurer and the victim rather than be borne by society at large; and (2) the distribution of loss between the injurer and the victim depends on a comparison of their “relative degree of fault.” Many believe that a strength of the comparative account lies in its ability to explain apportionment in contributory negligence cases. I argue, to the contrary, that such cases pose a serious difficulty for the account.
Silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy alleviates incontinence‐associated dermatitis via NF‐κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Guiyu an , Chen Yingxun , Zhang Yan , Zheng Shufeng , Zhu Louying , Ding Mingxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is a tough problem in clinical settings, not only increasing the risk of complications like catheter‐related urinary tract infections and pressure ulcers in elderly and critically ill patients, but also prolonging hospital stays, raising hospital costs, and possibly leading to medical disputes. This study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy on IAD in a rat model.MethodsAn IAD rat model induced by synthetic urine with trypsin was established. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was carried out to examine skin histology. Using immunofluorescence, the microvessel density in the affected skin tissues was determined. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in serum. The mRNA expression of EGF, PDGF, and VEGF was detected via qRT‐PCR. Western blotting was employed to determine NF‐κB p65/STAT1 pathway‐related protein levels.ResultsCompared to single therapy, silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy could significantly reduce the severity of IAD, improve skin histology, inhibit inflammation, and promote angiogenesis in IAD rat models. Additionally, the results showed that relatively speaking, the combined therapy suppressed the NF‐κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway more effectively.ConclusionThese findings indicated that silicone dressing combined with topical oxygen therapy can alleviate IAD through promoting wound healing and inhibiting inflammation via NF‐κB p65/STAT1 signaling pathway in a rat model, which provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of IAD in clinic.
A call to address penicillin allergy labels in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants: How to avoid rash decisions
Authors: Belmont Ami P. , Stone Cosby A. , Guyer Autumn C. , Edelman E. Jennifer , Trubiano Jason A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants, infections, particularly multidrug‐resistant infections, pose a grave threat. In this setting, penicillin allergy labels are both common and harmful. Though the majority of patients who report penicillin allergy can actually tolerate penicillin, penicillin allergy labels are associated with use of alternative antibiotics, which are often more broad spectrum, less effective, and more toxic. In turn, they are associated with more severe infections, multidrug‐resistant infections, Clostridium difficile, and increased mortality. Evaluating penicillin allergy labels can immediately expand access to preferred therapeutic options, which are critical to care in patients with recent hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Point‐of‐care assessment and clinical decision tools now exist to aid the nonallergist in assessment of penicillin allergy. This can aid in expanding use of other beta‐lactam antibiotics and assist in risk‐stratifying patients to determine a testing strategy. In patients with low‐risk reaction histories, direct oral challenges can be employed to efficiently delabel patients across clinical care settings. We advocate for multidisciplinary efforts to evaluate patients with penicillin allergy labels prior to transplantation.
image
Use of half red blood cell units in oncology patients during severe shortages to extend hospital supply
Authors: Zhuang Lefan , Shan Haoyue , Yang Dongyun , Woo Jennifer , Wang Shirong , Garcia Alexander , Jackson Ryan , Yuan Shan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic exerted an unprecedented impact on the blood supply from 2020 through 2022. As a result, throughout 2021 there were months our hospital had less than one‐day supply of type O RBCs. To meet transfusion needs, whole RBC units were split into half units and issued to stable, non‐bleeding patients. This single‐institution, retrospective study examines time intervals to subsequent transfusion and total numbers of RBC units subsequently transfused after the first half or whole RBC unit.Study Design and MethodsPatients who were transfused RBC between May 21, 2021 and November 1, 2021 were divided into in‐ and outpatient groups, then based on whether they received at least 1 half RBC unit or only whole RBC units during the study period. The time interval between this first half unit transfusion, or first whole unit transfusion in those who did not receive half units, and the subsequent RBC transfusion within 90 days was calculated and compared, as well as the total number of RBC units transfused 30 days after the first unit.ResultsIn general, patients transfused with half units received a subsequent transfusion significantly earlier than those transfused with whole units. Additionally, receiving an index half unit was associated with more RBC transfusions in the following 30 days (p = .001).ConclusionTransfusion of half RBC units during a severe RBC blood shortage can temporarily decrease RBC usage but will result in a shorter interval to the next transfusion and greater total number of RBC units transfused in subsequent days.
Input–Output Finite-Time Bipartite Synchronization for Multiweighted Complex Dynamical Networks Under Dynamic Hybrid Triggering Mechanism
Authors: Birundha Devi N. , Sakthivel R. , Priyanka S. , Kwon O. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The problem of input–output finite-time (IO-FT) bipartite synchronization for a class of nonlinear multiweighted complex dynamical networks (CDNs) in the presence of multiple coupling delays, external disturbances, and deception attacks is explored in this study. To be precise, the limited communication resources have been mitigated with the aid of undertaken hybrid triggered strategy, which reduces the unwanted network transmission and simultaneously improves the system's performance. Specifically, in the hybrid-trigger scheme, a Bernoulli distributed random variable has been employed to switch between the two communication channels. Moreover, the event-triggered scheme involving the dynamic trigger conditions is incorporated in the sensor-to-controller, which reduces the number of triggers compared to static event-triggered strategy. Further, the adequate conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities by constructing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional candidate. In light of this, the required parameters involved in triggering and the gain matrix are acquired by solving the developed linear matrix inequalities. Eventually, the reliability of the developed approach is verified via the illustration of two numerical examples, including the Chua's circuit with simulation verifications.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Fretting Wear Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: Sathisha C. H. , KA Harsha , Arivu Y. , Pramod S. , Sridhar M. R. , Buravalla Vidyashankar , Kesavan D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research paper focuses on the fretting wear characteristics of self-mated laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-produced Inconel 718 alloy, with the primary aim of characterizing its distinct wear-rate in relation to fretting cycles. This study investigates both the as-built and heat-treated Inconel 718 Superalloy. Experiments were conducted under aggressive contact conditions, involving a flat-on-flat contact pressure of 100 MPa (1645 N) and a temperature of 650 °C sustained over a million cycles. From the preliminary observation, the microstructure reveals that the heat-treated L-PBF alloy has denser and harder precipitates than its as-built counterpart. This indicates that heat-treated alloy is much harder (470 HV0.3) than the as-built Inconel 718 (275 HV0.3). The heat treatment process resulted in the precipitation of beneficial strengthening phases like γ′ and γ″, along with maintaining stable carbides (NbC). Notably, the heat-treated material displays an approximately two-fold lower wear-rate (0.103 μm/cycle at the end of 1000 k cycles) compared to the as-built material (0.238 μm/cycle), attributed primarily to its high strength characteristics. Additionally, the heat-treated material demonstrates a reduced steady-state friction coefficient (0.34) in contrast to the as-built material (0.37), owing to its inherent capability to form a uniform and stable lubricious glaze oxide layer. Both as-built and heat-treated systems show dominant adhesive wear mechanisms along with localized abrasion resulting from the combination of oxidation and cyclic wear processes.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Aircraft/Engine Integration With Respect to Contrails
Authors: Ramsay Joseph , Tristanto Indi , Shahpar Shahrokh , John Alistair 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the radiative forcing of aircraft contrails and aircraft-induced contrail cirrus have been highlighted as a serious short-term climate impact of the aviation industry. Greater understanding of factors influencing contrail properties are required if routes to mitigation are to be explored. In this work, a parametric turbofan powered aircraft model has been created to study the impact that aircraft design, in particular the interaction between the jet and wingtip vortex, can have on ice crystal formation, growth, and dynamics within a contrail. To investigate this, a contrail microphysics module has been developed and integrated within Rolls-Royce in-house Hydra computational fluid dynamics code. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations are conducted over the jet and early vortex regime, covering an area which is often simplified in most contrail modeling approaches. It is found that the position of the engine along the wing of an aircraft can impact the formation of the wingtip vortex, altering the contrail properties and distribution downstream of the aircraft. The effect of multi-engine architecture is also assessed and shown to influence the magnitude of exhaust entrainment into the vortex.
Advancements in Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Impact of Nano-Additives and Ammonia-Based Strategies on Emissions
Authors: Di Gloria P. , De Giorgi M. G. , Strafella L. , Ciccarella G. , Castelluzzo G. G. , Baldassarre F. , Ficarella A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Our study investigates the impact of nanoparticulate additives—specifically those based on ammonia and water—on the combustion characteristics of Jet-A1 aviation fuel, using a 300-kW liquid swirl combustor. Experiments were conducted at two global equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.24 and Φ = 0.40), focusing on laminar flame speed (LFS) and flame properties through chemiluminescence imaging and modal analysis techniques. The primary objective was to understand how these nano-additives modulate flame dynamics and internal chemical reactions, alongside evaluating the environmental implications of combustion alterations. Results showed that integrating urea and water additives into the fuel matrix affected LFS, enhancing it at the lower equivalence ratio but having detrimental effects at the higher ratio. Modal analysis revealed a notable stabilizing influence on flame behavior, especially under leaner fuel conditions. The addition of water and urea influenced combustion chemistry and spray patterns, leading to more uniform sprays and more complete combustion. Chemiluminescence imaging demonstrated higher emission intensity of NH2* radicals compared to NH* radicals, varying with the global equivalence ratio. The data indicated a significant reduction in NOx emissions, particularly at lower equivalence ratios, accompanied by a slight increase in CO2 and CO emissions.
Passive Realization of Object Spatial Compliance by a Hand Having Multiple Four-Joint Hard Fingers
Authors: Huang Shuguang , Schimmels Joseph M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to passively realize any specified object spatial compliance using the grasp of a robotic hand. The kinematically anthropomorphic hands considered have multiple 4-joint fingers making hard point contact with the held object, and the joints of each finger have selectable passive elastic behavior. It is shown that the space of passively realizable compliances is restricted by the kinematic structure of the anthropomorphic hand. To achieve an arbitrary compliant behavior, fingers must be able to adjust their orientation. Synthesis procedures for grasps having 3, 4, and 5 or more fingers are developed. These procedures identify the finger configurations and the individual finger joint compliances needed to passively achieve any specified spatial object compliance matrix in the 20-dimensional subspace of grasp-realizable behaviors.